bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloning and Functional Analysis of NtHDR in ‘Jinzhanyintai’ of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis M.Roem
Authors: Hu Xiaomeng , Zhang Na , Fan Keke , Chang Yanting , Zhang Wenbo , Deng Yayun , Wang Shuhua , Hu Tao , Ma Yanjun
Published: July 2023

The key enzyme, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-pyrophosphate reductase HDR, responsible for the final step in the MEP pathway, was successfully cloned from the petals of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis, herein referred to as NtHDR (accession number OQ739816). NtHDR exhibits a full-length coding sequence spanning 1380 base pairs, encoding a total of 460 amino acids. Through phylogenetic tree analysis, it has been determined that NtHDR shared the closest evolutionary relationship with monocotyledons, specifically Asparagus officinalis and Zingiber officinale. Utilizing quantitative real-time PCR analysis, it was observed that NtHDR exhibited significant expression in both petals and corona, with expression levels varying throughout the flowering process of Narcissus. Specifically, in petals, NtHDR expression demonstrated a pattern of initial increase followed by subsequent decrease, while in corona, it consistently increased. Subsequent subcellular localization experiments indicated that NtHDR was localized within the chloroplasts. To investigate the functional impact of NtHDR, stable transformation was performed, where NtHDR was introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana. The resulting transgenic N. benthamiana flowers were analyzed using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) to characterize their volatile components. The analysis revealed the presence of the monoterpene compound linalool, as well as the phenylpropanoids benzyl alcohol and phenylethanol, within the floral fragrance components of the transgenic N.benthamiana plants. However, these compounds were absent in the floral fragrance components of wild-type tobacco plants, thus highlighting the impact of NtHDR transformation on the floral scent profile.
Genetic regulation of human isomiR biogenesis
Authors: Jiang Guanglong , Reiter Jill L. , Dong Chuanpeng , Wang Yue , Fang Fang , Jiang Zhaoyang , Liu Yunlong
Published: July 2023

MicroRNA plays a critical role in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. Variations in mature microRNA sequences, known as isomiRs, arise from imprecise cleavage and nucleotide substitution or addition. These isomiRs can target different mRNAs or compete with their canonical counterparts, thereby expanding the scope of miRNA post-transcriptional regulation. Our study investigated the relationship between cis-acting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in precursor miRNA regions and isomiR composition, represented by the ratio of a specific 5’-isomiR subtype to all isomiRs identified for a particular mature miRNA. Significant associations between 95 SNP-isomiR pairs were identified. Of note, rs6505162 was significantly associated with both 5’-extension of hsa-miR-423-3p and 5’-trimming of hsa-miR-423-5p. Comparison of breast cancer and normal samples revealed that expression of both isomiRs was significantly higher in tumors than in normal tissues. This study sheds light on the genetic regulation of isomiR maturation and advances our understanding of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNA.
A RDL Modeling and Thermo-Mechanical Simulation Method of 2.5D/3D Advanced Package Considering the Layout Impact Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Wang Zhizhen , Ma Shenglin , Chu Xianglong , Li Chunlei , Wang Wei , Jin Yufeng
Published: July 2023

The decreasing width, increasing aspect ratio RDL presents significant challenges to design for reliability (DFR) of advanced package. Therefore, this paper proposes a ML based RDL modeling and simulation method. In the method, RDL is divided into blocks and subdivided into pixels of metal percentage, and the RDL is digitalized as tensors. Then, an ANN-based surrogate model is built and trained by a subset of tensors to predict the equivalent material properties of each block. Lastly, all blocks are transformed into elements for simulations. For validation, line bending simulations were conducted on an RDL, with the reaction force as accuracy indicator. The results show that neglecting layout impact causes critical errors as substrate thins. By the method, the reaction force error is 2.81% and the layout impact can accurately be considered with 200×200 elements. For application, the TCT maximum temperature state simulation was conducted on a CPU chip. The simulation indicates that for advanced package the maximum stress more likely occurs in RDL rather than bumps, both RDL and bumps are critical impacted by layouts, and RDL stress is also impacted by vias/bumps. The proposed method precisely concerns layout impacts with little resources, presents an opportunity of efficiency improvement.
β2-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Inhibition of T Cell Function And Its Implications For CAR-T Cell Therapy
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Asad , Ajmal Iqra , Hui Xinhui , Chen Yiran , Yang Renzheng , Jiang Wenzheng
Published: July 2023

The microenvironment of most tumors is complex, comprising numerous aspects of immunosuppression. Several studies have indicated that the adrenergic system is vital for controlling immunological responses. In the context of tumor microenvironment, Nor-Adrenaline (NA) is poured-in by innervating nerves and tumor tissues itself. The receptors for nor-adrenaline are present on the surface of cancer and immune cells and are often involved in activation of pro-tumoral signaling pathways. β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is an emerging class of receptors that are capable of modulating the functioning of immune cells. β2-AR is reported to activate the regulatory immune cells and inhibit the effector immune cells. Blocking β2-AR increases activation, proliferation and cytokine release of T lymphocytes. Moreover β2-AR deficiency during metabolic reprograming of T cells increases mitochondrial membrane potential and biogenesis. In the view of available research data, immunosuppressive role of β2-AR in T cells presents it a targetable checkpoint in CAR-T cell therapies. In this review, we have abridged contemporary knowledge about adrenergic stress mediated β2-AR activation on T lymphocytes inside tumor milieu.
Study on Roof Cutting and Pressure Releasing Technology of Roof Blasting
Authors: Huang Xiaowu , Guo Jian , Miao Yusong , Xie Xianqi , Li Yujin , Wang Hailiang , Huang Feifei
Published: July 2023

The surrounding rock during the coal mine excavation is prone to significant engineering disasters such as considerable deformation and rockbursts. Pressure release can improve the stress field of a deep rock mass and prevent the occurrence of dangers such as roadway collapse and coal and gas outbursts. This paper uses the ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software to simulate the crush area and fracture zone of a detonation charge with different diameters under in-situ stress. The stability of the surrounding rock was analyzed based on the impact stress and velocity, and was verified by field tests. The research results show that the blasting load primarily affects the damaged area near the borehole, while the in-situ stress affects the far-field crack propagation. The crack propagates in the direction of high surrounding rock pressure. When the uncoupling index is 1.5, the impact pressure of the 60 mm diameter cartridge is 8 times that of the 20 mm diameter cartridge. The impact speed can reach 2 times that of the 20 mm diameter cartridge. The high-energy event of the roof is transferred to the front of the working face, the distribution is no longer concentrated, and a better blasting pressure relief effect is achieved. The research results can help guide the prevention and control measures of rock bursts and other mining disasters.
Autopsy Proven Fatal COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Myocarditis
Authors: Hulscher Nicolas , Hodkinson Roger , Makis William , McCullough Peter
Published: July 2023

Background: COVID-19 vaccines have been linked to myocarditis which in some circumstances can be fatal. This systematic review aims to investigate potential causal links between COVID-19 vaccines and death from myocarditis using post-mortem analysis. Methods: We performed a systematic review of all published autopsy reports involving COVID-19 vaccination-related myocarditis through July 3rd, 2023. All autopsy studies that include COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis as a possible cause of death were included, without imposing any additional restrictions. Causality in each case was determined by three independent reviewers with cardiac pathology experience and expertise. Results: We initially identified 1,691 studies and, after screening for our inclusion criteria, included 14 papers that contained 28 autopsy cases. The cardiovascular system was the only organ system affected in 26 cases. In 2 cases, myocarditis was characterized as a consequence from multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). The mean and median number of days from last COVID-19 vaccination until death was 6.2 and 3 days, respectively. Most of the deaths occurred within a week from the last injection. We established that all 28 deaths were causally linked to COVID-19 vaccination by independent adjudication. Conclusions: The temporal relationship, internal and external consistency seen among cases in this review with known COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis, its pathobiological mechanisms and related excess death, complemented with autopsy confirmation, independent adjudication, and application of the Bradford Hill criteria to the overall epidemiology of vaccine myocarditis, suggests there is a high likelihood of a causal link between COVID-19 vaccines and death from suspected myocarditis in cases where sudden, unexpected death has occurred in a vaccinated person. Urgent investigation is required for the purpose of risk stratification and mitigation in order to reduce the population occurrence of fatal COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis.
The Inhibition of FGFR/PI3K/Akt Axis by AZD4547 Disrupts the Proangiogenic Microenvironment and Vasculogenic Mimicry Arising from the Interplay between Endothelial and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Morales-Guadarrama Gabriela , Méndez-Pérez Edgar A. , García-Quiroz Janice , Avila Euclides , Ibarra-Sánchez María J. , Esparza-López José , García-Becerra Rocío , Larrea Fernando , Díaz Lorenza
Published: July 2023

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a process in which aggressive cancer cells form tube-like structures, plays a crucial role in providing nutrients and escape routes. Highly plastic tumor cells, such as those with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) phenotype, can develop VM. However, little is known about the interplay between cellular components of the tumor microenvironment upon TNBC cells VM-capacity. In this study, we analyzed the ability of endothelial and stromal cells to induce VM when interacting with TNBC cells, and analyzed the involvement of the FGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway in this process. VM was corroborated using fluorescently‐labeled TNBC cells. Only endothelial cells triggered VM formation, suggesting a predominant role of paracrine/ juxtacrine factors from an endothelial origin in VM development. By immunocytochemistry, qPCR and secretome analyses, we determined increased expression of proangiogenic factors as well as stemness markers in VM-forming cancer cells. Similarly, endothelial cells primed by TNBC cells showed upregulation of proangiogenic molecules, including FGF, VEGFA, and several inflammatory cytokines. The endothelium-dependent TNBC-VM formation was prevented by AZD4547 or LY294002, strongly suggesting the involvement of the FGFR/PI3K/Akt axis in this process. Given that VM is associated with poor clinical prognosis, targeting FGFR/PI3K/Akt pharmacologically may hold promise for treating and preventing VM in TNBC tumors.
Pruning Boosts Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Old Valencia Orange Trees: A Field Study
Authors: Al-Saif Adel M. , Abdel-Aziz Hosny F. , Khalifa Sobhy , Elnaggar Ibrahim A. , Abd El-wahed Abd El-wahed N , Sharaf Ahmed , Hamdy Ashraf E.
Published: July 2023

Pruning is an important part in controlling the branching, good fruit size, and prodctivity of fruit trees. and consequently, ‘Valencia’ orange trees were grown many years ago, the trees were suffering from a decline in productivity in the newly reclaimed lands after certain years of plantation. This study elucidated the effect of pruning severity on growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Valencia’ orange trees. Four levels of pruning were applied on 35 years old ‘Valencia’ orange trees as follows: T1: Control (un-pruned), T2: Light pruning ( 25% of main branches were removed); T3: Moderate pruning (50% of main branches were removed) and T4: Heavy pruning: 75% of main branches were removed. The treatments were done in February 15th (for each season). The results indicated that pruning severity increased vegetative growth paraments such as shoot length and leaf area and decreased canopy volume of Valencia orange trees in comparison to control. Maximum yield was gained from 75% followed by 50% and 25% pruning severity treatment. The pruning treatments improve in fruit weight, size, firmness, juice content, TSS%, TSS/acid ratio and vitamin C content. In addition, pruning produced an increasing in fruit yield per tree as well as yield increasing %. Hence, it might be concluded that pruning at different severity applied in February can be used effectively on ‘Valencia’ orange trees to improve vegetative growth, fruit physical and chemical properties. Besides, increasing fruit yield by nearly 20% in comparison to control.
Unveiling the Genetic Footprint: Exploring Somatic Mutations in Peripheral Arterial Diseases Progression
Authors: Salybekov Amankeldi A. , Hassanpour Mehdi
Published: July 2023

Peripheral arterial diseases (PAD) are complex cardiovascular conditions influenced by environmental factors and somatic mutations in multiple genes involved in hematopoiesis and inflammation. While traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension have been extensively studied, the role of somatic mutations in PAD progression remains underexplored. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms, genetic landscape, prognostic significance, and clinical implications of somatic mutations in PAD. The expansion of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) clones in the circulating blood, named clonal hematopoiesis (CH), leads to the infiltration of these clones into atherosclerotic plaques and the production of inflammatory cytokines, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases including PAD. Furthermore, recent experimental evidence has demonstrated the involvement of somatically mutated TP53 genes with a high variant allele frequency (VAF) in PAD development and prognosis. The review delves into the relationship between CH and PAD, elucidating the prevalence, impact, and underlying mechanisms of this association. This understanding paves the way for novel therapeutic approaches targeting CHIP to promote tissue regeneration and improve outcomes in PAD patients. It emphasizes the need for further re-search to fully unravel the genetic footprint of the disease and highlights potential clinical implications. The findings presented in this article lay the foundation for personalized medicine approaches and open avenues for the development of targeted therapies based on somatic mutation profiling.
A new Derivation of Extended Watson Summation Theorem due to Kim et al. with an Application
Authors: Awad Mohamed Mohamed , Mohammed Asmaa Orabi
Published: July 2023

In applied mathematics, statistics, operation research, physics, and engineering mathematics, confluent representations of hypergeometric functions in one and two variables are known to exist, and their occurrence in a variety of applications is also well recognised. In this article, we intend to present a new derivation of the extended Watson summation theorem for the Kim et al. given series 4F3. We assessed four attractive integrals involving generalized hypergeometric function as an application. With a few particular cases, this note will come to an end. In the results given above, symmetry appears on its own.
Uncovering of Some Citrus Rootstocks to Salt Stress Tolerance In Vitro Screening
Authors: Al-Saif Adel M. , Abdrabboh Gama A. , Abdel-Aziz Hosny F. , Abd Amer , Elnaggar Ibrahim A. , Abd El-wahed Abd El-wahed N. , Sharaf Ahmed , Hamdy Ashraf E.
Published: July 2023

Salinity is the most significant abiotic stress affecting crop yield worldwide, breeders are Salinity is the most important abiotic stress limiting crop production throughout the world, and breeders are encouraged to test novel genotypes for their resistance to this selection agent. However, getting a sufficient number of plants for the evaluation can be a lengthy and time-consuming procedure that might be shortened by applying in vitro techniques. An experiment was conducted under controlled saline circumstances using a tissue culture technique to investigate the influence of salt on several physic-biochemical parameters. Micro-shoots of Volkamariana lemon, sour orange, trifoliate orange, and Cleopatra mandarin rootstocks were re-cultured on MS media supplemented with NaCl from 25, up to 150 mM. Following the experiments, all of the tested rootstocks' morphological and biochemical characteristics, stomata behavior, and element accumulation were measured. As a result, adding NaCl from 25 to 150 mM to MS media caused a reduction in all morphogenetic parameters such as shoot number, shoot length, leaves number, and survival percentage was measured compared with control. Photosynthesis pigment, RWC, K, and Ca ions were decreased by increasing NaCl from 100 to 150 mM. On the contrary, proline, Cl, and Na were increased. Cleopatra mandarin and Trifoliate orange are more tolerant to salt stress than Volkamariana lemon and sour orange citrus.
Removal of lead (Pb(II)) from water by adsorption using Nagar Parker kaolin clay.
Authors: Azam Farhan
Published: July 2023

Clean water is now very rare due to the increased water pollution causing many diseases. Heavy metals mainly lead from industrial waste i.e. batteries, cable sheaths, machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding, lead oxide and radiation protection is accountable & largely contributed lead in river and canal waters.

Presence of lead in water is hazardous to life due to many reasons. It can cause cancer, weakness, anemia, kidneys, high blood pressure and nerve diseases. Inorganic lead is reported to me more dangerous than organic one. Industries including batteries, cable sheaths, machinery manufacturing etc. drains water that has soluble lead ranging from 200 – 500 mg/L. The safe limit of lead in water is about 0.015 mg/L.

Pakistan is a country rich in minerals. It has about 3.5 MT of Kaolin (Clay) deposits situated at Nagar Parker region of Sindh, Pakistan. This indigenous material is being used to produce ceramic products and in paper making. Now we use this mineral source to remove lead from water by adsorption.

Kaolin clay can be used as an adsorbent due to its unique structure. XRF technique is employed for clay characterization. Resultants will be analyzed by UV – Vis Spectrophotometry.
Clinical Applications of CAD-CAM Materials in Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rexhepi Imena , Santilli Manlio , D’Addazio Gianmaria , Tafuri Giuseppe , Manciocchi Eugenio , Caputi Sergio , Sinjari Bruna
Published: July 2023

Clinical outcomes of dental restorations depends primarily on the choice of materials used and their fabrication processes. The spectrum of dental CAD-CAM (Computer-Aided Design Computer-Aided Manufacturing) materials presents a wide range of variables on what may be the most suitable material for the clinical case. This narrative review focuses on CAD-CAM dental materials based on their mechanical properties and in relation to their clinical applications. A literature review was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library. Articles addressing at least one of the following topics regarding dental materials for CAD-CAM systems: manufacturers, mechanical features, materials ’composition optical properties, clinical indications and / or outcomes were included in the review. A flowchart was performed as de-scribed in the PRISMA guidelines. Among the 564 articles found, 63 were analyzed and evaluated. Within the limitation of this narrative review, it can be concluded that all CAD-CAM materials presents a wide range of clinical applications due to their improved mechanical properties. Specifically, in addition to materials that have been in use for a long time (such as feldspathic ceramics), resin block composites can also be used for permanent restorations.
Bluer Than Blue: Exit from Policy Support for Clean Marine Energy
Authors: Roeben Volker , Macatangay Rafael Emmanuel
Published: July 2023

The amendment or removal of superfluous government support policies is typically difficult, yet in the ever more important debate on low-carbon (i.e. clean) marine energy policy under the international law of climate action, the law of the sea, and international investment protection, there are additional dimensions of legal or economic peril. Coastal states enact policies subsidising clean energy investments, such as offshore wind energy generation, in their exclusive economic zones or continental shelves. Investors are attracted to the prospect that policies granting subsidies for ostensibly new industries are sufficiently durable. Are such subsidy policies salient or stale? In principle, the purpose of regulatory policy is the promotion of social welfare, and hence there is an optimal incidence, magnitude, and duration of the subsidy, in essence, an ideal strategy for starting, altering, or exiting such policy. We aim to introduce the concept of optimisation to the design and implementation of regulatory policy in this context. Our contribution is to offer three maxims of optimal clean marine energy law and policy: the efficiency and equity of alternative regulatory arrangements; the continuous optimisation of such arrangements; and the recognition of linguistic entanglements in the law. We test these maxims against the case of clean marine energy policy on offshore wind energy generation. One legal implication for international investment protection is that coastal states should establish a policy exit clause in their investment contracts. Our analysis of policy optimisation is generalisable across policies supporting the transition to sustainable energy forms.
Human Pose Estimation with Multi-Camera Localization Using Multi-Objective Optimization Based on Topological Structured Learning
Authors: Obo Takenori , Hamada Kunikazu , Eguchi Masatoshi , Kubota Naoyuki
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a method of pose estimation with camera localization based on a genetic algorithm to derive the joint angle using an inverse kinematics model. In recent years, some open-source libraries for human skeleton tracking that can be implemented on smartphones have been released. Such software can detect joint positions of a skeleton from a 2D camera image; however, the 3D posture cannot be obtained. We therefore propose a method to estimate joint angles by using skeleton data. In the proposed approach, we use a multi-island genetic algorithm to maintain the diversity of the population and design a multi-objective function to improve the robustness. Moreover, structured learning based on topological mapping is implemented in the proposed method to enhance searching efficiency. In an experiment, the proposed method reduced the effect of outliers caused by misdetection. In addition, the structured learning was effective in decreasing the difference between skeleton data and the estimated poses.
Embedding Complete Bipartite Graphs into Wheel Related Graphs
Authors: Greeni A. Berin , Joshwa P. Leo
Published: July 2023

This study considers the exact wirelength of embedding complete bipartite graphs into wheel related graphs such as wheel graphs, gear graphs, and helm graphs.
Joint Path and Multi-Hop Communication Node Location Planning in Cluttered Environment
Authors: Li Lihua , Peng Zhihong , Wen Chengxin , Shang Peiqiao , Cui Jinqiang
Published: July 2023

In the communication-constrained operating environment, a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) needs to plan a feasible path from the starting point to the endpoint while planning the node deployment location for multi-hop communication to establish an information pathway. In this study, a new algorithm was designed for joint path and multi-hop communication node location planning in cluttered environments based on rapidly-exploring random trees star (RRT*) algorithm. The maximum communication distance constraint between nodes was obtained based on the signal-free propagation model, whereas the communication node loss and path loss were established as joint optimization objectives. In bidirectional random tree growth, the structure of the trees was optimized according to the value of the loss function, and optimal path and node location planning were finally achieved through continuous growth and iteration. When tested in different complexity-barrier environments and compared to RRT*, Informed-RRT*, and IB-RRT* algorithms, the paths in the planning results of the new algorithm are close to those of the comparison algorithms; however, the number of nodes decreases significantly, which proves the effectiveness of the newly proposed algorithm.
Evaluation of Distributed Machine Learning Model for LoRa-ESL
Authors: Khan Malak Abid Ali , Ma Hongbin , Rehman Zia Ur , Jin Ying , Rehman Atiq Ur
Published: July 2023

To overcome the previous challenges and to mitigate the retransmission and acknowledgment of LoRa for electric shelf labels, the data parallelism model is used for transmitting the concurrent data from the network server to end devices (EDs) through gateways (GWs). The EDs are designated around the GWs based on machine clustering to minimize data congestion, collision, and overlapping during signal reception. Deployment and redeployment of EDs in the defined clusters depend on arithmetic distribution to reduce the near-far effect and the overall saturation in the network. To further improve the performance and analyze the behavior of the network, constant uplink power for signal-to-noise (SNR) while dynamic for received signal strength (RSS) has been proposed. In contrast to SNR, the RSS indicator estimates the actual position of the ED to prevent the capture effect. In the experimental implementation, downlink power at the connected EDs in the clusters illustrates higher values than the defined threshold.
Surgical Duration Is Independently Associated with an Increased Risk of Surgical Site Infection and May Not Be Mitigated by Prolonged Antibiotics
Authors: Zeitlinger Lauren , Wilson Machelle , Randall R. Lor , Thorpe Steven ,   on behalf of the PARITY Investigators
Published: July 2023

Background:

Infection after tumor resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction is a potentially limb-threatening complication. The duration of surgery has been shown to be a risk factor for infection, but the ability of an extended duration of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics to potentially minimize that risk has not been specifically studied. The objective of this study was to determine whether extended postoperative antibiotic therapy protects against surgical site infection (SSI) in the setting of prolonged surgical duration in patients undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction after tumor resection.

Methods:

This study was a planned secondary analysis of the Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Tumor Surgery (PARITY) trial data set. Patients in the PARITY trial were randomized to receive 24 hours or 5 days of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics. The current study assessed the risk of SSI in those cohorts on the basis of surgical duration. A multivariable regression model was used to examine the adjusted effects of the duration of surgery on SSI, after controlling for other significant risk factors and potential confounders.

Results:

All 604 patients who had been included in the final data analysis in the PARITY trial were also included in this secondary analysis. Those who sustained an SSI had a greater mean duration of surgery (6.2 hours) compared with those who did not sustain an SSI (4.9 hours, p < 0.0001). There was no specific time point at which the risk of infection significantly increased. Extended postoperative prophylactic antibiotic therapy did not appear to mitigate the risk of SSI even in patients with prolonged surgical duration.

Conclusions:

Increased surgical duration was an independent risk factor for SSI in orthopaedic patients undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction after tumor resection. However, surgical duration is multifactorial and is influenced by several variables. For example, there may be protective features of flap coverage that increase surgical duration while paradoxically decreasing the risk of SSI. Extended postoperative antibiotic therapy did not mitigate the risk of infection in this cohort, and other risk mitigation strategies will need to be considered in future studies.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Pineapple Peel Waste on Growth and Production of Red Lettuce Plants (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa)
Authors: Kuswardina Atik , Abror M
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of giving the optimal concentration of pineapple peel liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and production of red lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa)". This research was conducted in Modong Village, Tulangan Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency and continued at the Agrotechnology Laboratory of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo University. The research was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023. This study uses a Randomized Group Design (RGD) with a single factor, namely the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer application of pineapple peel waste. The concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer of pineapple peel waste were 100 cc/l; 150 cc/l; 200 cc/l; 250 cc/l; 300 cc/l; 350 cc/l; 400 cc/l. The data obtained were processed using ANOVA, if there is a difference between treatments then it will be followed by 5% tukey test. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, root length, and harvest index. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of liquid organic fertilizer pineapple peel waste significantly affects the observation variables of plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight and root length. While it is not significantly different on the observation variable of harvest index. The optimal application of liquid organic fertilizer pineapple peel waste is with a concentration of 250 cc/l (N4).
Nanopore Sequencing with T2T-CHM13 for Accurate Detection and Blocking of Structural Rearrangements in Highly Repetitive Heterochromatin Regions in Human Embryos
Authors: Xia Qiuping , Ding Taoli , Chang Tianli , Ruan Jiangxing , Yang Ji , Ma Menglin , Liu Jiaqi , Liu Zhen , Jiao Shujing , Wu Jian , Ren Jun , Yao zhongyuan , Lu Sijia , Li Yanping
Published: July 2023

Background
Structural rearrangements in highly repetitive heterochromatin regions can result in miscarriage or fetal malformations, but detecting and blocking these rearrangements has been challenging. Recently, the completion of a complete human genome (T2T-CHM13) has made it possible to accurately characterize structural rearrangements in these regions.
Results
We developed a methodology based on T2T-CHM13 and nanopore sequencing to detect and block structural rearrangements in highly repetitive heterochromatin. To validate this approach, we used nanopore sequencing on families with inversions and reciprocal translocations close to the centromere. With the T2T-CHM13 reference, we accurately detected the inversion and translocation in centromeres, constructed haplotypes, and prevented the transmission of structural rearrangements in offspring.
Conclusions
This study represents the first successful application of T2T-CHM13 in human reproduction and provides a feasible protocol for detecting and blocking structural rearrangements in heterochromatin in embryos.
Design and Application of Concrete Bricks using Phase Change Materials
Authors: DUGGAL PRAKHAR , Tomar R.K. , Kaushika N.D.
Published: July 2023

Concrete bricks tend to provide more benefits than only what may be perceived. Blocking out undesirable external noise and functioning as a reliable barrier against it, among many other interruptions. The concrete brick's low maintenance requirements and fire safety are its other advantages. Concrete brick exterior walls have better thermal mass properties. When compared to traditional materials, phase change materials (PCM) have a higher fusion heat. Given the alarming implications of global warming and the potential for this material to reduce energy consumption in buildings by virtue of its capacity for thermal storage as well as its ability to improve indoor comfort in buildings, the inclusion of such materials into building materials has piqued my interest in research. This paper presents the testing of concrete bricks which have phase change material in them and comparing it with the conventional concrete bricks. The PCM-enhanced concrete bricks were used to construct a room wherein the temperature could be monitored at particular moments and was cast at 5% PCM by weight of the concrete brick. To get the most out of the material, several PCM placement alignments in concrete bricks were used during the casting process. The study demonstrates that there was a temperature difference of 4 to 6 degrees on average between the PCMs enhanced concrete brick room and the traditional concrete brick room. The compressive strength reduce by 2%, which is in an acceptable range limit.
Students’ Perception and Gender Differences in Digital Learning During COVID-19: A consensus Based Approach
Authors: Ahmad Masroor , Haq Anam Ul , Raina Shahid Hamid , Pala Saqib Mushtaq , Khan Aaqila Ishaque
Published: July 2023

Although online learning is not a novel phenomenon in education institutions, especially at higher levels, but the onset of covid-19 utterly disrupted the traditional mode of learning and forced a hasty shift towards its wider adoption. In the developing countries like India, while on the one hand, it has led to a significant surge in the use of online learning tools and softwares, on the other hand, it has also brought to fore the ill-preparedness of institutions for such a mode of learning. Further, given the country's current scenario, the readiness of all the stakeholders (instructors, students, parents) and the effectiveness of online learning cannot be assumed to be the same at all levels, for all age groups, and across gender. In this study, we focus on understanding secondary school students' perceptions and preferences regarding online learning. Besides looking for possible gender discrepancies in the impact of Covid 19, we tried to identify major benefits and bottlenecks from students’ perspectives. To overcome the limitations of Shenon entropy and other measures of dispersion for ordinal data, we made use of consensus/dissention measurement for a meaningful comparison of mean ranks. For the robustness of rankings in case of major benefits and bottlenecks, we used Friedman’s ranking along with Garret ranking. The results reveal, with a good degree of agreement/consensus, online learning improves technical skills, saves time, and encourages more self-study. Nevertheless, respondents highlighted a number of challenges during their online courses, including weak internet connectivity, insufficient number of devices at home, and disruptions caused by family members. Also, females were more affected than males as they had fewer learning resources at home, and in some cases, the burden of household chores prevented them from studying. We suggest a greater focus towards the bottlenecks (identified in this study) while making online learning an integral part of school education so as to reap its benefits.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cellular and molecular landscape of fetal cystic hygroma
Authors: Fu Fang , Yang Xin , Li Ru , Li Yingsi , Zhou Hang , Cheng Ken , Huang Ruibin , Wang You , Guo Fei , Zhang Lina , Pan Min , Han Jin , Zhen Li , Li Lushan , Lei Tingying , Li Dongzhi , Liao Can
Published: July 2023

Background
The molecular mechanism of fetal cystic hygroma (CH) is still unclear, and no study has previously reported the transcriptome changes of single cells in CH. In this study, single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to investigate the characteristics of cell subsets in the lesion tissues of CH patients.
Methods
The lesions of CH patients and controls were collected for scRNA-seq analysis. The distribution of CH cell subsets and transcriptome characteristics were analyzed. Differentially expressed gene enrichment in major cell subpopulations as well as cell-cell communication were analyzed. At the same time, the expression and interaction of important VEGF signaling pathway molecules were analyzed, and the potential transcription factors of KDR were predicted.
Results
The results of scRNA-seq showed that fibroblasts accounted for the largest proportion in the lymphatic lesions of CH patients. There was a significant increase in the proportion of lymphatic endothelial cell subsets between the cases and controls. The VEGF signaling pathway is enriched in lymphatic endothelial cells and participates in the regulation of cell-cell communication between lymphatic endothelial cells and other cells .The key regulatory gene KDR in the VEGF signaling pathway is highly expressed in CH patients and interacts with other differentially expressed EDN1, TAGLN and CLDN5 Finally, we found that STAT1 could bind to the KDR promoter region, which may play an important role in promoting KDR up-regulation.
Conclusion
Our comprehensive delineation of the cellular composition in tumor tissues of CH patients using single-cell RNA-sequencing identified enrichment of lymphatic endothelial cells in CH and highlighted activation of the VEGF signaling pathway in lymphoid endothelial cells as a potential modulator..
Molecular Crosstalk Between MUC1 and STAT3 influences the anti-proliferative effect of Napabucasin in epithelial cancers
Authors: Bose Mukulika , Sanders Alexa , Handa Aashna , Vora Aabha , Brouwer Cory , Mukherjee Pinku
Published: July 2023

MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in epithelial cancers. The cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 (MUC1 CT) aids in tumorigenesis by upregulating the expression of multiple oncogenes. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a crucial role in several cellular processes and is aberrantly activated in many cancers. In this study, we focus on recent evidence suggesting that STAT3 and MUC1 regulate each other’s expression in cancer cells in an auto-inductive loop and found that their interaction plays a prominent role in mediating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance. The STAT3 inhibitor Napabucasin was in clinical trials but was discontinued due to futility. We found that higher expression of MUC1 increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to Napabucasin. Therefore, high-MUC1 tumors may have a better outcome to Napabucasin therapy. We report how MUC1 regulates STAT3 activity and provide a new perspective on repurposing the STAT3-inhibitor Napabucasin to improve clinical outcome of epithelial cancer treatment.
Dual inoculation of ACC deaminase-producing Pseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium: A synergistic approach to N2-fixation and salt stress mitigation in soybean
Authors: Win Khin Thuzar , Wasai-Hara Sawa , Tanaka Fukuyo , Oo Aung Zaw , Minamisawa Kiwamu , Shimoda Yoshikazu , IMAIZUMI-ANRAKU Haruko
Published: July 2023

We investigated the potential dual application of two Bradyrhizobium strains (B. diazoefficiens USDA110 and B. ottawaense SG09) and plant growth-promoting bacteria, PGPB (Pseudomonas spp.: OFT2 and OFT5), to improve nodulation and N2-fixation in soybean plants. The growth-promoting effects of dual inoculation were observed on plant growth, physiology, and nodulation of soybean under normal conditions compared with plants individually inoculated with either USDA110 or SG09. Both OFT2 and OFT5 promoted N2-fixation by 11% and 56%, respectively, when dual inoculation with USDA110 and by 76% and 81%, respectively, when dual inoculation with SG09. Salinity stress significantly reduces soybean growth, physiology, nutrient uptake, nodulation, and N2-fixation. However, these adverse effects were attenuated by the dual inoculation of PGPB and rhizobia depending on the combination of inoculants. In particular, dual inoculation of PGPB with SG09 was more effective in enhancing the salt tolerance of soybean by reducing salt-induced ethylene production and improving nutrient uptake. However, no such effect was observed with the combined inoculation of USDA110 and OFT5. An effective symbiotic association between SG09 and two Pseudomonas bacteria can be considered a beneficial approach to improve the symbiotic efficiency of nodulation and mitigate salinity stress in soybeans.
Proteomic Discovery of Prognostic Protein Biomarkers for Persisting Problems After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lee Min-Yong , Son Minsoo , Lee Hyun Haeng , Kang Min-Gu , Yun Seo Jung , Seo Han Gil , Kim Youngsoo , Oh Byung-Mo
Published: July 2023

Some individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), also known as concussion, have neuropsychiatric and physical problems that last longer than a few months. Symptoms following mTBI are not only impacted by the kind and severity of the injury but also by the post-injury experience and the individual's responses to it, making the persistence of mTBI particularly difficult to predict. We aimed to identify prognostic blood-based protein biomarkers predicting 6-month outcomes, in light of the clinical course after the injury, in a longitudinal mTBI cohort (N = 42). Among 420 target proteins quantified by multiple-reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry assays of blood samples, 31, 43, and 15 proteins were significantly associated with the poor recovery of neuropsychological symptoms at < 72 hours, 1 week, and 1 month after the injury, respectively. Sequential associations among clinical assessments (depressive symptoms and cognitive function) affecting the 6-month outcomes were evaluated. Then, candidate biomarker proteins indirectly affecting the outcome via neuropsychological symptoms were identified. Using the identified proteins, prognostic models that can predict the 6-month outcome of mTBI were developed. These protein biomarkers established in the context of the clinical course of mTBI are anticipated to have a wide clinical application.
Estimating Changes of Forest Carbon Storage in China for 70 years (1949-2018)
Authors: Zeng WeiSheng , Chen XinYun , Yang XueYun
Published: July 2023

Stand level biomass carbon model is an important tool for forest resource inventory and monitoring. Developing biomass carbon models for major forest types in China not only provide a scientific basis for estimating forest carbon storage changes at national level, but also provide an important reference for estimating forest carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential at regional and global levels. In this paper, based on the measured data of 52,700 permanent plots from the 9th national forest inventory (NFI) of China, the biomass and carbon storage per hectare were firstly calculated according to the tree biomass models and carbon factors of 35 tree species groups. Then, stand level volume-derived biomass and carbon storage models were developed for 20 forest types by using the approach of simultaneous equations with error-in-variables. Secondly, based on the developed biomass and carbon models of 20 forest types, using the data of 1st to 9th NFIs of China and the area and volume data of different forest types in 1949 and 1950-1962, the forest carbon storages in different periods in the past 70 years and the carbon storages of planted forest in the past 40 years were estimated. Results showed that the determination coefficients (R2) of the developed biomass and carbon models of 20 forest types were more than 0.87, the total relative errors (TREs) were close to 0, and the mean prediction errors (MPEs) were less than 3% (less than 1% for 8 forest types). From the results of independent cross-validation, the TREs were within ±3% except one model, and the average systematic errors (ASEs) were all within ±5%. China's forest carbon storage was 5.89Pg in 1949, and decreased to the lowest level of 4.90Pg in the late 1970s. With the implementation of large-scale afforestation and key forestry programs such as natural forest protection, China's forest carbon storage gradually increased to 8.69Pg in the 9th NFI. Over the past 40 years, China's forest carbon storage has increased by 3.79Pg, of which 2.25Pg was from natural forest and 1.54Pg from planted forest. The applicability of three sets of published biomass models were tested with the data from this study, and it was found that there were large biases for all models, but the estimated results would be improved with the increase of modeling sample size. The biomass and carbon storage models of 20 forest types in China developed in this study would provide a quantitative basis for accurately estimating status and changes of forest carbon storage at national and regional levels. In the past 70 years, China's forest carbon storage has shown a U-shaped development trend. Both afforestation and natural forest protection have made great contributions to the increase of forest carbon storage in China.
Multimodal Kernel-based Discriminant Correlation Analysis Data-Fusion Approach: An Automated Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic System
Authors: Wadhera TANU
Published: July 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnostic systems based on association of multimodal tools such as combination of Electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking have emerged as an analytical to provide objective biomarkers. However, the existing systems lack in providing robust feature set and knowledge of fusion approaches employed for feature redundancy. The present paper aims to reduce disorder homogeneity by proposing a multimodal diagnostic system that can incorporate cognitive data of ASD individuals. The paper fused computational, neural and visual cognitive data collected from three modalities-laptop-performance tool, EEG machine, and Eye-tracker, respectively. The multimodal features are analyzed via proposed Multimodal Kernel-based Discriminant Correlation Analysis (MKDCA) fusion approach. The proposed framework considered the distinct cardinality of the feature vectors and fused the group structure among multiple samples after ranking them in increasing order. The acquired fused feature set is evaluated using state-of-the-art machine-learning based classifiers to provide influential features and reduce adversarial features in ASD. The results reflected that proposed multimodal system with SVM classifier provided reduced fused feature set of 11 features from total 39 features that diagnosed ASD with 96% accuracy and 0.988 AUC(ROC). The correlation of reduced feature set identified by SVM with ASD clinical symptoms accounted by ADOS and MoCA reflected clinical relevance of proposed multimodal features. The proposed automated fusion-based system has the potential to classify disorder by reducing the disorder heterogeneity and stratifying ASD individuals into homogeneous sub-groups.