bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melhoria da qualidade do serviço logístico: aplicação de um método voltado à redução de devoluções em uma distribuidora de derivados de petróleo
Authors: Beltrão Aline Maria , Martins Vitor Willian Batista
Published: January 2018

O mercado está se tornando cada vez mais competitivo, fazendo com que as empresas busquem vantagens que as auxiliem a alcançar satisfação e fidelização de seus clientes. Em empresas que atuam com distribuição, um dos problemas que influenciam tais objetivos é a devolução de mercadorias que, muitas vezes, acontece por causas relacionadas ao desempenho dos processos logísticos. Portanto, verifica-se a necessidade de melhorar a qualidade destes serviços, de forma a reduzir não-conformidades e aumentar a confiabilidade. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou a aplicação de um método voltado à melhoria na qualidade dos serviços logísticos e redução de desperdícios em uma distribuidora de derivados de petróleo, localizada no município de Belém-PA. A aplicação do método gerou o diagnóstico do processo obtendo o componente informação com principal índice de devolução, porém a  causa raiz emergencial de o “ não possui um sistema de qualidade rígido para inspeção de vasilhames não conformes” surgiu do componente logístico instalação, assim foram criado metas a serem alcançadas como:  criação de indicadores de desempenho e treinamentos dos revendedores para buscar a solução/mitigação do problema principal.
Da aceitação à rejeição: percepções dos níveis operacional e tático pós-adoção do lean manufacturing
Authors: Alves Alexandre Clemente , Sigahi Tiago Fonseca Albuquerque Cavalcanti , Soares Juliana Maria Moreira , Saltorato Patrícia
Published: January 2018

Uma das mais recorrentes e relevantes inovações organizacionais pelas quais as empresas têm passado nas últimas décadas diz respeito ao Lean Manufacturing, modelo de gestão baseado no Sistema Toyota de Produção. Este modelo foi implementado em uma subsidiária brasileira de uma grande empresa norte americana do setor químico, causando as mais variadas reações dos trabalhadores como resposta a esse processo. Esse artigo buscou analisar com base em questionários e participação observante as reações dos funcionários dos níveis operacional e tático em relação a tal mudança organizacional. O instrumento de pesquisa foi elaborado com base na adaptação do esquema analítico proposto por Chaves (2005) que consiste em cinco blocos: Exposição à mudança; Resposta inicial; Conclusão; Moderadores individuais; e Moderadores situacionais. Utilizou-se o alfa de Cronbach para avaliar a consistência interna do questionário. Os resultados mostram que tais reações oscilam desde a cooperação total até a sabotagem deliberada, passando pela indiferença. Destaca-se a importância dos fatores moderadores, cujo impacto sobre os agentes envolvidos busca mitigar os conflitos e viabilizar a cooperação dos demais atores envolvidos. Além disso, os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que a implementação de uma mudança, desde que haja planejamento e transparência em sua condução, pode resultar em atitudes positivas provenientes tanto do nível operacional quanto do tático.
Home office em uma multinacional de tecnologia da informação
Authors: Pereira Evandro Lucas , Rachid Alessandra
Published: January 2018

Este texto analisa o trabalho em home office, suas vantagens e desvantagens a partir da percepção dos trabalhadores. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa em uma empresa multinacional de tecnologia da informação (TI), a partir de um questionário respondido por 52 funcionários, entrevistas com 15 destes respondentes, observação destes quando íam à empresa e de uma entrevista com um diretor da área de vendas. A percepção dos funcionários confirma muitas das vantagens apontadas pela literatura, como menores custos, maior produtividade, maior conforto e liberdade, entre outros. Também foi possível confirmar aspectos negativos, como a extensão da jornada de trabalho e o isolamento. Os aspectos em relação aos quais houve divergências em relação à literatura foi a vantagem de fugir do jogo político da empresa e a facilidade para realizar tarefas domésticas.
Tratamento de dejetos suínos: oportunidades de conversão em energia
Authors: De Oliveira Leandro Gasparello , De Souza Jovani Taveira , Francisco Antonio Carlos de
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo se propõe a revisar o tema de gerenciamento de dejetos suínos, em especial no que tange à conversão destes resíduos em biogás e energia, de forma a minimizar os impactos ambientais causados pela prática da suinocultura. Na contextualização geral é abordada a representatividade da cadeia produtiva no Brasil e no cenário internacional, além dos resíduos provenientes da pecuária. O enfoque é dado à geração de biogás, biofertilizantes e energia. Dessa forma, a revisão de literatura elenca os estudos correlacionados com a temática e suas contribuições para a área. Neste sentido se estabelece como objetivo revisar artigos dos principais autores internacionais e nacionais sobre o tema nos últimos cinco anos, no sentido de destacar aqueles de maior relevância para a pesquisa. Como resultado verificou-se através da pesquisa bibliográfica que o tratamento de dejetos suínos se torna cada vez mais uma necessidade em função dos seus impactos ambientais e da capacidade de conservação limitada do solo, do ar e da água, tendo em vista as demandas do setor no cenário atual.
Avaliação da estrutura de logística reversa das principais operadoras de celulares brasileiras sob a ótica dos consumidores e avaliação dos websites
Authors: Santos Ricardo Henrique Moraes , Guarnieri Patricia
Published: January 2018

Os elevados índices de consumo de aparelhos celulares têm aumentado a geração de resíduos no Brasil e no mundo. Diante desse cenário, a Logística Reversa e a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos - PNRS emergem como possíveis soluções que atuam na redução dos impactos gerados por esse processo. Entretanto, a simples existência de tais soluções não garante os resultados almejados, sendo necessário o comprometimento de todos os atores envolvidos, sejam esses públicos, privados ou individuais. Buscou-se, portanto, avaliar as redes de logística reversa implementadas pelas operadoras de telefonia móvel no Brasil sob a ótica dos consumidores e avaliação de seus websites. Realizou-se uma pesquisa aplicada, descritiva e quali-quantitativa, cujo procedimento técnico foram o survey e a análise documental. A coleta de dados pautou-se na aplicação de um questionário com perguntas fechadas em uma amostra de 596 consumidores e também de um codificador adaptado para a análise dos websites das quatro principais operadoras de celular no Brasil. Os resultados obtidos no que tange à estruturação da logística reversa apresentou resultados considerados insatisfatórios, tanto sob a ótica do consumidor quanto pelo levantamento realizado em seus websites. A participação dos atores, com base na responsabilidade compartilhada, preconizada pela PNRS é premente para a efetiva implementação da logística reversa.
« Y être, c’est (encore) en être » : déclassement social et aspirations nobiliaires parmi les familles maintenues en noblesse en France sous la Restauration
Authors: Goujon Bertrand
Published: January 2018

En remettant en vigueur la procédure de maintenue en noblesse, la Restauration offre à des familles qui étaient encore aux portes du « Second Ordre » une officialisation de leur statut nobiliaire. Parmi les 111 familles qui ont ainsi été confirmées dans leur noblesse et les 34 qui ont été anoblies après avoir demandé des lettres recognitives, une vingtaine n’en est pas moins engagée dans un processus de déclassement socio-économique qui s’est parfois amorcé dès la fin de l’Ancien Régime. Il s’agit ici de réinterroger les mécanismes, les formes et les enjeux de la fragilisation socio-économique dans les marges de la nébuleuse nobiliaire à la charnière des xviii e  et xix e  siècles, mais aussi de saisir l’instrumentalisation qui a pu en être faite – le déclassement, érigé en sacrifice consenti à la cause des Bourbons, devenant un argument pour solliciter secours, postes et honneurs compensatoires. Se donne également à voir la persistance d’un préjugé nobiliaire toujours vivace dans la société française, bien qu’il faille distinguer le caractère symbolique de cette réagrégation nobiliaire des profits effectifs qui ont pu en être tirés, à court comme à moyen terme, par ses bénéficiaires, lesquels restent conditionnés par la capacité de ces derniers à saisir les opportunités patrimoniales, matrimoniales, professionnelles, notabiliaires et/ou mondaines susceptibles de pérenniser leur maintien dans les groupes élitaires.
Le PCF et le gauchisme. Acte I. La rencontre (1963-1968)
Authors: Buton Philippe
Published: January 2018

Aujourd’hui, les ressemblances entre communisme orthodoxe et dissidences radicales paraissent clairement l’emporter sur leurs dissemblances. Au cours des années 1968, le tableau était nettement différent. L’analyse des archives de la direction du PCF montre que, si le gauchisme n’est qu’une de ses préoccupations marginales jusqu’à la fin de l’année 1967, celle-ci prend de nombreuses mesures contre l’extrême gauche. Mais, malgré cette hostilité permanente, en développant tout un discours révolutionnaire, en rajeunissant et en internationalisant sa pratique politique, cette extrême gauche rencontre un certain succès, et organise près de deux mille jeunes militants à la veille des événements de 1968. Alors qu’à la fin de l’année 1967, la direction du PCF pensait avoir réussi à éliminer les dissidences gauchistes, au printemps 1968, la situation s’emballe et elle déclare désormais que la lutte contre le gauchisme devient prioritaire (30 avril 1968). À l’issue du printemps 1968, trois options s’offrent à la gauche française. Celle de l’impatience révolutionnaire (option des maoïstes et des successeurs de la JCR trotskyste), celle de l’abnégation patiente (option du Parti socialiste et, à l’extrême gauche, des autres groupes trotskystes) et, enfin, celle du PCF misant sur une Union de la gauche cimentée par un programme commun. À l’automne 1968, toutes les cartes du jeu politique n’ont pas été encore distribuées.
Le couple comme groupe
Authors: Bass Henri-Pierre
Published: January 2018

Le couple n’est pas un groupe qui va de soi de prime abord. Le dispositif qui réunit un couple en présence d’un ou de deux thérapeutes crée un petit groupe dont on peut analyser le fonctionnement. Ce cadre peut dès lors faire l’objet d’une analyse groupale. L’existence de processus inconscients est articulée dans celui-ci sur un mode interactif entre les partenaires du couple.
Dualité ou duel dans le couple
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie
Published: January 2018

Ne pas ou ne plus être en couple est vécu la plupart du temps comme un échec et une solitude alors même d’ailleurs que les célibataires ont à l’inverse une vie sociale plus libre et donc plus riche. Cependant, découvrir que le couple est en fait formé de deux personnes et non pas d’une entité fusionnelle peut apparaître tellement insupportable à certains qu’un duel permanent semble encore préférable à une séparation.
Recevoir les protestations, les refus, les contestations des jeunes des quartiers populaires urbains, pour les accueillir au monde et renouveler la démocratie
Authors: Bordet Joëlle
Published: January 2018

Cet article a pour sujet les modes de contestations des jeunes des quartiers populaires en France et l’analyse de leurs significations dans une perspective de renouvellement démocratique. Par la définition de trois idéal-types, je montre à la fois les grandes différences entre ces modes de contestation et leurs expressions et la nécessité qu’il y a à les recevoir tous pour renouveler la démocratie et créer des conflictualités créatrices, sources d’inventions collectives. Le lien établi avec la réflexion concernant « l’ordre mobile » proposé par M me de Mijolla-Mellor permet d’inscrire ces analyses spécifiques aux jeunes des quartiers populaires urbains dans une proposition plus globale s’adressant à l’ensemble de la société.
La Famille au-delà des Frontières
Authors: Gravanita Jorge , Belo Maria , Sarzana Jean
Published: January 2018

Dans cette présentation, l’auteur propose de remettre en question la manière dont la famille, avec ses transformations contemporaines, demeure centrale et subsiste au-delà des frontières. Traditionnellement, les liens familiaux sont considérés comme favorisant l’établissement de modes stables de structuration de la personnalité, mais la famille humaine est aujourd’hui soumise à des transformations et à des changements d’ordre qualitatif. Cependant, les liens familiaux vont au-delà des frontières géographiques, culturelles et politiques et persistent à travers différents espaces et formes de communication, de culture et de civilisation.
Faim et témoignage : expériences traumatiques dans la clinique et dans la culture
Authors: Holanda Martins Karla Patrícia , Kupermann Daniel
Published: January 2018

À partir d'éléments de la métapsychologie psychanalytique, ce travail cherche à promouvoir une analyse de la problématique de la faim et de ses témoignages du point de vue des perspectives de la clinique et de la culture. L'accent sera mis sur certains aspects relatifs aux traumatismes et à la violence issus de l'expérience de la faim, de l'absence de reconnaissance et de la honte, ainsi que sur leurs effets possibles sur les processus de symbolisation primaires.
Historiens et patrimoine au 20 e siècle
Authors: Goetschel Pascale , Lemire Vincent , Potin Yann
Published: January 2018

Après avoir fait le constat d’une intense fièvre patrimoniale contemporaine, le texte introductif met l’accent sur la dimension politique de l’objet patrimoine, en soulignant notamment l’importance des processus de sélection, de dénomination, de normalisation et de transmission de ce qui est finalement reconnu comme patrimoine collectif légitime. Parmi les agents de cette chaîne patrimoniale dynamique, les historiens ont été paradoxalement assez peu présents tout au long du 20 e  siècle. Il s’agit alors d’interroger ce rendez-vous manqué entre historiens et patrimoine, pour mieux comprendre l’histoire de cet évitement et celle aussi, en contrepoint, de l’insertion graduelle d’autres disciplines et d’autres professions dans la fabrication de cet objet éminemment politique qu’est le patrimoine.
Patrimoine, histoire et présentisme
Authors: Hartog François
Published: January 2018

Comment est-on passé d’un rapport patrimonial au passé à un patrimoine qui ne cesse de parler au présent ? Dans cet entretien, mené par Pascale Goetschel et Yann Potin, François Hartog, spécialiste de l’Antiquité grecque et des « régimes d’historicité », revient sur les transformations qui ont affecté les conceptions et les pratiques du patrimoine. Rappelant l’affaissement, depuis les années 1980, d’une vision ancienne du patrimoine arc-boutée sur le monument historique et où le passé éclairait l’avenir, il souligne l’avènement, sous l’effet de la montée de la mémoire dans l’espace public, d’un nouveau régime de patrimonialisation qui prend le présent pour horizon et l’émotion pour véhicule. Si la généalogie qu’il propose demeure prise dans les formes occidentales du rapport au passé dans le présent, elle est une manière de mesurer les enjeux dont le patrimoine ne cesse d’être l’objet.
L’objet patrimoine
Authors: Cornu Marie , Wagener Noé
Published: January 2018

Les études d’histoire du patrimoine font une large part au droit, parce que cette histoire est profondément juridique. Inévitablement, elle est donc aussi une histoire d’État. Le patrimoine entretient un rapport particulièrement complexe au droit d’une part, et à l’État d’autre part, qui ne saurait être réduit à un simple rapport d’instrumentalisation du patrimoine par l’État, par l’entremise du droit. Dans cet article, la centralité de la place du droit dans le débat patrimonial est interrogée sous deux perspectives. D’un point de vue externe au droit, d’abord : quel rôle a joué le droit dans la construction de l’objet patrimoine ? D’un point de vue interne au droit, ensuite : comment l’objet patrimoine a-t-il été juridiquement activé ? Et que traduit ce mode d’activation de la norme : le simple pouvoir de l’État mis au service du projet de protection ? Ou la conviction, plus ou moins adroitement mise en forme, d’être en présence de quelque chose de commun ?
L’avènement du patrimoine ethnologique (1975-1984)
Authors: Gasnault François
Published: January 2018

La création en 1980 d’un conseil et d’une mission du patrimoine ethnologique résulte officiellement de la mise en œuvre du rapport d’un haut fonctionnaire et, dans la coulisse, de la stratégie d’influence déployée par un proche collaborateur de Claude Lévi-Strauss. Elle vient non moins légitimer, avec le soutien du Fonds d’intervention culturelle et du Service des études du ministère de la Culture, l’apport d’une ethnographie militante, portée par des associations impliquées dans la renaissance des musiques et danses traditionnelles, au premier chef l’Union Poitou-Charentes pour la culture populaire. Cependant, peu compatible avec le souci de professionnaliser l’ethnologie de la France, la co-construction d’une politique patrimoniale en prise sur le mouvement social tourne vite court.
Les mémoriaux du régime du Kampuchéa démocratique au Cambodge
Authors: Escobar Rodriguez Adriana Maria
Published: January 2018

En 1979, le régime du Kampuchéa démocratique s’effondrait. Dans un contexte particulièrement complexe, le nouveau régime, la République populaire du Kampuchéa (RPK), mettait rapidement en place des dispositifs de mémorialisation et de préservation des traces de la période polpotiste. À Phnom Penh, le musée du génocide de Tuol Sleng était aménagé dans un ancien centre de sécurité khmer rouge, tandis que dans les provinces, les ossements des victimes étaient disposés dans des constructions à vocation politico-pénale et mémorielle. Après les changements survenus dans les années 1990 et malgré la déliquescence de l’entreprise mémorielle instaurée par la RPK, le musée de Tuol Sleng, ainsi que certains mémoriaux et les ossements qu’ils abritent, se sont progressivement réaffirmés en tant que « biens » testimoniaux, constituant un patrimoine inédit au Cambodge. Fruit du travail de terrain et de la consultation de sources archivistiques et bibliographiques, cet article met ces lieux en lumière : le contexte politique qui marqua leur genèse, les volontés mémorielles qu’ils ont cristallisées, le processus de patrimonialisation et les pratiques diverses dont ils font désormais l’objet.
Collectifs et développement durable des territoires ruraux en Amérique latine
Authors: Raimbert Céline , Rebaï Nasser
Published: January 2018

Depuis plusieurs décennies, les campagnes d’Amérique latine connaissent de profondes transformations sous l’effet de politiques qui favorisent un modèle capitaliste de développement rural. Toutefois, on observe dans le même temps une mobilisation accrue des groupes paysans qui revendiquent un changement de paradigme économique et une meilleure reconnaissance de l’agriculture familiale. Dans ce contexte, cet article propose une réflexion sur le rôle des collectifs pour le développement durable des territoires ruraux latino-américains en s’appuyant sur plusieurs études de cas au Brésil et en Équateur.
#TerroristFinancing
Authors: Tierney Michael
Published: January 2018

This article describes how the internet has come to play a central role in terrorist financing endeavours. Online channels allow terrorist financiers to network with like-minded individuals, in order to increase support, raise funds, and move wealth across the international system. For instance, the Islamic State, Hezbollah, and other groups have become adept at using these channels to finance their activities. Therefore, increased examination is required of the ways in which terrorists use the internet to raise and move funds. This study assesses some of the current trends and risks associated with online terrorist financing. Some policy options are also outlined, in order to reduce the threat of terrorist financing via the internet moving into the future.
Estratégias para avaliação da dor em pacientes críticos: um estudo bibliométrico/Strategies for pain assessment in critically ill patients: a bibliometric study
Authors: Franco Andrezza Serpa , De Andrade Karla Biancha Silva , Santos Gisele Torres , Camerini Flávia Giron , Marins Ana Lúcia Cascardo
Published: January 2018

Esta pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo as estratégias de avaliação de dor utilizadas por enfermeiros na assistência ao paciente crítico. A dor foi descrita pela American Pain Society como 5° sinal vital, tornando-se imprescindível a utilização de escalas para medição da dor. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar produções online que abordam estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros para avaliação da dor dos pacientes críticos.Trata-se de um estudo bibliométrico, de natureza descritiva. Foram analisados 19 artigos, em maior número publicado em revistas internacionais, dando evidência a “American Journal of Critical Care”. Os resultados demonstram que a maior frequência de produções científicas se consolidou em 2011 e 2013 e a escala Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) é a de maior utilização pelos enfermeiros para a avaliação da dor em pacientes críticos, incapazes do auto relato e sob ventilação mecânica. Os dados parecem serem incipientes frente à relevância da temática, apresentando lacunas na produção do conhecimento, em especial à aplicação de escalas associadas a intervenção e reaplicação após intervenção de enfermagem. É preciso atender a observância da sistematização da assistência. Identificar a melhor escala de acordo com o perfil dos pacientes, pode ser um bom começo para minimizar a evolução da dor e suas consequências para o paciente crítico, mas intervir e avaliar precisa ser prioritário.
Fatores de adoecimento dos trabalhadores da saúde: revisão integrativa/ Factors of illnesses of health workers: integrative review
Authors: Trindade Liliane Ribeiro , Merlo Alvaro Roberto Crespo , Da Silva Rosângela Marion , Beck Carmem Lúcia Colomé , Goes Núbia Cristina
Published: January 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivos identificar e descrever os fatores de adoecimento dos trabalhadores da saúde. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura que utilizou para a seleção dos estudos as bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Biomedical Literature Ciattions and Abstracts. Empregaram-se os descritores/palavras-chave/MesHterms: “Trabalhadores de Saúde”, “Profissional da saúde”, “Doenças ocupacionais” e “condições de trabalho” e os correspondentes em inglês health personnel AND occupational diseases AND working conditions. Os operadores boolianos adotados nas estratégias foram “and” e “or”, com recorte temporal no período de 2012 a 2015. Compuseram o corpus da análise 20 estudos. Da análise emergiram as categorias: fatores do adoecimento dos trabalhadores; e estratégias para promover a saúde e minimizar o adoecimento. Conclui-se que os trabalhadores da saúde estão expostos a situações do ambiente laboral que podem comprometer a sua saúde psicológica, física e emocional, sendo importante identificar estratégias para minimizar os fatores de adoecimento nesses trabalhadores.
The influence of the assimilation operator, speech rate and linguistic boundary on the production of /z/ in Croatian
Authors: Horga Damir
Published: January 2018

It is widely accepted that invariant and discrete phonological units at the linguistic level are transformed into variable and continuous movements of speech organs, which in turn results in equally continuous acoustical results. The variability of phonemic units depends on neighbouring phonetic units, but also on the various linguistic, communicational and pragmatic contexts of a particular speech act. The influence of phonetic units upon each other results in adaptations, coarticulations and assimilations. By means of assimilation at least one distinctive feature of a phoneme is changed, so the observed phoneme becomes similar to its neighbouring sound – the assimilation operator. This paper is aimed at analysing the influence of speech rate on assimilation processes in the voiced fricative /z/, when it is preceded by sounds /s, z, ʃ, ʒ / in four different types of articulatory joint: sentence, clausal, lexemic and proclitical. The articulatory joint refers to the production of two phonemes separated by different types of linguistic boundaries. Twenty female native speakers of Croatian with no history of speech or hearing impairments read a text at both natural and fast speech rates. The acoustical recording was performed in a sound-treated room. The Praat software was used to analyse six variables in all occurrences of the sound /z/: duration, spectrum centre of gravity, standard deviation of the centre of gravity, spectral skewness, spectral kurtosis, and harmonic to noise ratio. The results showed that various linguistic boundaries, speech rates and sounds as assimilation operators influence the degree of assimilation of the phoneme /z/, as measured by the acoustic variables.
Professor Rastislav Šuštaršič (24 October 1953–2 March 2014)
Authors: Komar Smiljana
Published: January 2018

In memoriam: Rastislav Šuštaršič
Poudarek v slovenskem medijskem govoru
Authors: Huber Damjan
Published: January 2018

Medijski govor (vsaj nacionalne radiotelevizije) uvrščamo med nosilce govornega standarda na Slovenskem. Zaradi njegove razmeroma velike razširjenosti in vplivnosti na govorne navade poslušalcev oz. gledalcev, tj. uporabnikov jezika, se zdi raziskovanje jezika v okviru medijskega govora utemeljeno. V prispevku na podlagi treh metodoloških pristopov ter s pomočjo programa za analizo govora Praat analiziramo eno izmed besedilnofonetičnih značilnosti – poudarek –, ki je v slovenskem jezikoslovju razmeroma slabo raziskana. Prispevek je usmerjen v raziskovanje poudarkov z vidika pogostosti pojavljanja, jakosti, osnovnega tona in podaljševanja glasov. V okviru dvournega korpusa desetih TV-oddaj s politično vsebino smo preverili tri teoretične hipoteze, 1) da je v govoru politikov/političark prisotnih več poudarkov kot v govoru voditeljev/voditeljic TV-oddaj, 2) da so poudarki politikov/političark v povprečju jakostno močnejši (dB) in imajo višji F0 (Hz) kot poudarki voditeljev/voditeljic ter 3) da ima pri slušni zaznavi poudarkov najpomembnejšo vlogo sprememba/povečanje jakosti govora, nekoliko manjšo pa povišanje F0 ali podaljševanje glasov.
Rastislav Šuštaršič and current issues of standard Slovene language
Authors: Požgaj Hadži Vesna , Balažic Bulc Tatjana
Published: January 2018

By studying languages in contact, we can observe one language while revealing hidden features of another. This was the original idea of the two Slovene-Croatian phonetic and phonological bilateral projects, which connected various Slovene and Croatian phonologists. This paper highlights the work of Rastislav Šuštaršič, who continued his contrastive research of English and Slovene in contact within these projects. Several open issues of the Slovene standard language were also at the centre of his research interests, including the issue of tonemic accent in Slovene, which he studied mainly in collaboration with H. Tivadar. The findings of their works underlined a gap between the explicit norm and language use, which future codifiers of the Slovene standard language should take into consideration.
Prosody and paralanguage in speech and the social media: The vocal and graphic realisation of affective meaning
Authors: James Allan
Published: January 2018

The study of prosody and paralanguage is in the first place concerned – unsurprisingly – with the phonetic and linguistic effects of non-segmental vocal variation expressed as values of the feature systems of pitch, volume and duration, but also of rhythm and tempo and further of voice qualities, etc. However, in more recent times the emergence of digitally mediated written communication (in the ‘new’ social media) has led attention to the role of prosody and paralanguage in defining the characteristic informal interpersonal style of this new ‘typed conversation.’ The present article reviews the formal and functional essence of prosody and paralanguage and, drawing on data from recent corpora of text messaging and microblogging, analyses the extents to which prosodic and paralinguistic features may be reflected in such discourse, in particular the ways in which affective meaning is expressed in the graphic modality of this medium.
“Vous avez un petit accent”: Enseignement de la prononciation aux apprenants de Français langue étrangère
Authors: Lah Meta
Published: January 2018

Dans le présent article, l’auteure se propose de passer en revue les concepts concernant l’enseignement de la prononciation en classe de Français langue étrangère ainsi que quelques recherches – faites sur des publics slaves – qui pourraient se montrer utiles pour le contexte slovène. Dans la dernière partie, elle analyse les contenus phonétiques de six manuels généralistes, utilisés en Slovénie : deux pour enfants, deux pour adolescents et deux pour grands adolescents/adultes. Elle part de l’hypothèse que les contenus proposés ne suffisent pas toujours pour remédier aux difficultés de prononciation des locuteurs slovènes, hypothèse qui est finalement confirmée. Elle conclut en donnant quelques pistes pour un enseignement plus authentique.
Adapting the Freiburg monosyllabic word test for Slovenian
Authors: Marvin Tatjana , Derganc Jure , Battelino Saba
Published: January 2018

Speech audiometry is one of the standard methods used to diagnose the type of hearing loss and to assess the communication function of the patient by determining the level of the patient’s ability to understand and repeat words presented to him or her in a hearing test. For this purpose, the Slovenian adaptation of the German tests developed by Hahlbrock (1953, 1960) – the Freiburg Monosyllabic Word Test and the Freiburg Number Test – are used in Slovenia (adapted in 1968 by Pompe). In this paper we focus on the Freiburg Monosyllabic Word Test for Slovenian, which has been criticized by patients as well as in the literature for the unequal difficulty and frequency of the words, with many of these being extremely rare or even obsolete. As part of the patient’s communication function is retrieving the meaning of individual words by guessing, the less frequent and consequently less familiar words do not contribute to reliable testing results. We therefore adapt the test by identifying and removing such words and supplement them with phonetically similar words to preserve the phonetic balance of the list. The words used for replacement are extracted from the written corpus of Slovenian Gigafida and the spoken corpus of Slovenian GOS, while the optimal combinations of words are established by using computational algorithms.
The complexity of the BATH words in Cardiff English
Authors: Mees Inger Margrethe , Osorno Christina Høøck
Published: January 2018

This article investigates how a small number of female speakers from Cardiff pronounce items belonging to the lexical set BATH. The data forms a subsample extracted from a longitudinal study on Cardiff English with recordings from 1977, 1990 and 2011. The BATH set comprises items (e.g., chance, bath) whose citation forms contain the TRAP vowel /æ/ in General American but the PALM vowel /ɑː/ in British RP. In other accents of English, including Cardiff English, the lexical distribution of the items is often less straightforward, with some items taking PALM while others take TRAP. The situation is particularly complex in Cardiff as the realisations of TRAP and PALM may sound very similar, both having a front vowel quality; furthermore, TRAP may be halflong. Consequently, it can be difficult to determine which of the vowels is selected. We analyse the vowels (both vowel quality and duration) of 11 (five in 2011) working and middle class informants who recorded a reading passage containing seven BATH words at all three points in time. In addition, we study a word list comprising 34 items read by the same speakers in 1990 and 2011. The vowels were subjected to both auditory impressionistic and acoustic analyses. We attempt to establish the social significance attached to the different pronunciations and also to discover if phonological context plays a role for the choice of vowel.
Approaches to the syllable: an assessment
Authors: Mott Brian
Published: January 2018

In this paper, which looks back at some of the principal ways of viewing the syllable that have been proposed and attempts to assess their relative validity, I will firstly refer to evidence for the existence of the syllable and lend support to the argument that the syllable must be part of speakers’ phonological knowledge because, not only can they count syllables, but they also know what sound sequences are permissible in them in their native language. Moreover, in this same vein I will also recall the fact that the syllable is the domain of many phonological processes (in English, note aspiration and the glottalling, tapping and rhotacization of [t], for example). Finally, I will defend the analysis of English syllabification proposed by Wells in the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary over and against other traditional linear models and the more abstract nonlinear models, while recognizing that Wells’ hypothesis still leaves unresolved some issues involving the presence/absence of phonetic correlates of morpheme boundaries.
Unruly intonation
Authors: Ashby Michael George , Ashby Patricia
Published: January 2018

In this paper we call into question the value of ‘rules’ concerning intonation to the learner of English. Are there predictive rules of sufficient generality and power to make them worth learning explicitly, or would learners’ time be better spent on habit-forming drills of common patterns? Examining a typical test passage for advanced students, we show that in all three systems of tonality, tonicity and tone, known ‘rules’ account only for a proportion of the ‘right’ or expected answers. There are plentiful instances where competent native speakers agree over the selection of a pattern, though no rule seems to guide their choice. We recommend that the utility of ‘rules’ should be evaluated in relation to the frequency of occurrence of the structures to which they apply, in the relevant types of discourse; that more attention be given to idiomatic expressions, and the prosodic patterns associated with particular lexical items; and that learners should be equipped with simple practical heuristics (e.g. for using punctuation as a guide to intonation when reading aloud).
Enseñar la pronunciación: análisis de manuales de ELE
Authors: Šifrar Kalan Marjana
Published: January 2018

El principal objetivo del aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera es lograr el éxito comunicativo. Dado que no se puede alcanzar una buena competencia comunicativa sin un dominio suficiente de la pronunciación, ya que la falta de este componente dará lugar a malentendidos en la comprensión e interpretación de los mensajes hablados, entendemos que es esencial enseñarla en todos los niveles del aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera. En este trabajo, pues, se analiza el lugar que ocupa la pronunciación en la enseñanza de ELE, en general, y en los manuales más recientes, en particular, para comprobar si este componente lingüístico, tan distintivo e importante en su doble dimensión (segmental y suprasegmental), sigue ocupando un lugar secundario entre todos los niveles de la lengua. Tratamos de comprobar si la enseñanza de la pronunciación es sistemática mediante el análisis de los siguientes elementos: a) el orden en el que se enseñan y practican los sonidos, la acentuación y la entonación; b) el tipo de ejercicios; c) y el lugar que ocupa la (auto)evaluación de la competencia fonológica. Asimismo, este análisis se complementa con los documentos para la enseñanza de ELE en los que se hace referencia a los aspectos fonológicos: el Marco común europeo de referencia para las lenguas, el Plan curricular del Instituto Cervantes y los descriptores de evaluación de pruebas orales en los exámenes DELE. Al final se ofrecen algunas propuestas didácticas para la enseñanza de la pronunciación para niveles diferentes.
Phonetic and phonological characteristics of French spoken in Europe and Quebec
Authors: Vaupot Sonia
Published: January 2018

The article highlights the phonetic and phonological characteristics of the French language spoken in Europe and in Quebec using a contrastive approach. The author first presents the historical links between the French-speaking countries and France. Then a synthesis of the main vocalic and consonantal oppositions is presented and compared to French spoken in France. Finally, the author highlights the current linguistic situation and the diversity of regional varieties of non-hexagonal French. The aim is to introduce the topic and to propose a general framework for the studies of France’s peripheral linguistic communities.
Sviluppo della competenza fonologica nelle lingue seconde/straniere
Authors: Zorman Anja
Published: January 2018

Nella ricerca, nei programmi di insegnamento e nei materiali didattici per l’italiano come lingua seconda o straniera viene generalmente data scarsa attenzione allo sviluppo della competenza fonologica e delle abilità del parlato. La presente ricerca, cui hanno partecipato 140 allievi delle scuole con lingua d’insegnamento slovena dell’Istria slovena, dove l’italiano è insegnato come lingua seconda, ha studiato l’impatto dell’insegnamento della fonologia e dello sviluppo della capacità di elaborazione fonologica dell’input linguistico sulla percezione uditiva dell’informazione fonologica. I risultati della ricerca indicano che i programmi di sviluppo dell’ascolto discriminativo e di segmentazione fonologica influiscono significativamente sulle capacità di percezione uditiva, a patto che avvengano nell’interazione diretta con il parlante della lingua obiettivo (seconda o straniera) e che siano sistematici, intensivi e estensivi. Di conseguenza, tali programmi influiscono anche sullo sviluppo della comprensione uditiva e della competenza comunicativa nella lingua obiettivo.
The value of phonetics and pronunciation teaching for advanced learners of English
Authors: Brekelmans Gwen
Published: January 2018

Pronunciation is an essential part of acquiring a second language, but far too often little time is spent on teaching it (Kelly 1969). It seems as if it is generally thought that pronunciation is something that will develop on its own, yet learners are still assumed to maintain a certain level. This paper investigates the effects of explicit pronunciation and phonetics teaching on the English speech production of advanced Dutch learners of English. The pronunciation of advanced university learners was investigated at several points over a period of three years, halfway during which their pronunciation teaching was stopped. The effect this termination had on their speech production was investigated, as well as any task-specific differences in read versus spontaneous speech. Also studied was the potential influence of studying abroad and taking English-taught courses. Overall, this study shows that explicit teaching has a clear effect on the pronunciation of the learners. Some features of pronunciation turn out to be more robust than others, and the task type has an unmistakeable influence on the native-like quality of the learners’ pronunciation, while there was only a minor effect of general exposure to English. Altogether, the value of explicit phonetics and pronunciation teaching turns out to be quite high for advanced second language learners, and once they acquire a certain level they are able to maintain a stable accent.
The teaching and learning of L2 English intonation in a distance education environment: TL_ToBI vs. the traditional models
Authors: Estebas-Vilaplana Eva
Published: January 2018

The teaching of intonation to learners of a second language (L2) tends to be an arduous and often neglected task even in specialized phonetic classes. This difficulty generally increases in a distance learning environment where students have to approach prosodic issues in an autonomous way. This paper tests the advantages and disadvantages of using a new model to teach English intonation to Spanish speakers in a self-tuition context, called TL_ToBI (Teaching and Learning ToBI), and compares the benefits of this proposal with the traditional methodologies. Two groups of Spanish students of English phonetics in a distance learning environment took part in this study. Each group was trained with a different methodology: 1) the British School of intonation and 2) TL_ToBI, which involves an adaptation of the ToBI conventions for teaching purposes. The intonation of four sentence types was assessed: declarative, yes-no question, wh-question, and imperative, produced both with neutral and marked readings. The results showed that those speakers trained with TL_ToBI produced more native-like intonation patterns than those instructed with the other model. These findings suggest that a system based on tonal targets and their association to the metrical structure has more benefits for the acquisition of the L2 prosody in a distance learning setting.
O princípio da primazia da decisão de mérito no novo CPC como instrumento de efetividade da jurisdição
Authors: Antonucci Moretti Deborah Aline , Flavio da Costa Yvete
Published: January 2018

O Novo Código de Processo Civil (Lei 13.105/2015), respondendo aos anseios da comunidade jurídica brasileira, foi elaborado com o objetivo de possibilitar uma tutela mais efetiva, ou seja, que traga um resultado verdadeiramente útil às partes. Para a concretização desse postulado, o novo diploma trouxe alguns mecanismos antes não previstos expressamente no direito processual civil brasileiro. Um deles é o princípio da primazia da resolução de mérito da demanda. Por ele, o juiz deverá sempre procurar resolver o mérito da lide, de forma que esta atinja um resultado útil. Deverá, então, empregar meios previstos ao longo do Novo Código para que a sentença terminativa seja situação excepcional. Realizou-se um estudo sobre a importância desse princípio, de forma a interligá-lo com a garantia de efetividade do processo e da jurisdição, já que um processo justo e efetivo é aquele que propicia às partes a análise do mérito de sua demanda, tanto em primeira instância quanto na fase recursal, encerrando a atividade jurisdicional. Justifica-se a presente pesquisa na necessidade de efetuar um aprofundamento no estudo da efetividade do processo civil e nas garantias que são colocadas à disposição da parte, para que esta tenha acesso à efetividade, de forma a demonstrar como o princípio da primazia da solução do mérito auxiliará em sua concretização.
Evaluating High-Resolution Forecasts of Atmospheric CO and CO2
from a Global Prediction System during KORUS-AQ Field Campaign
Authors: Tang Wenfu , Arellano Avelino F. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Choi Yonghoon , Diskin Glenn S. , Agustí-Panareda Anna , Parrington Mark , Massart Sebastien , Gaubert Benjamin , Lee Youngjae , Kim Danbi , Jung Jinsang , Hong Jinkyu , Hong Je-Woo , Kanaya Yugo , Lee Mindo , Stauffer Ryan M. , Thompson Anne M. , Flynn James H. , Woo Jung-Hun
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Accurate and consistent monitoring of anthropogenic combustion is imperative because of its significant health and environmental impacts, especially at city-to-regional scale. Here, we assess the performance of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) global prediction system using measurements from aircraft, ground sites, and ships during the Korea United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) field study in May to June 2016. Our evaluation focuses on CAMS CO and CO2 analyses plus two higher resolution forecasts (16-km and 9-km horizontal resolution), to assess their capability in predicting combustion signatures over East Asia. Our results show a slight overestimation of CAMS CO2 with a mean bias against airborne CO2 measurements of 2.2, 0.7, and 0.3 ppmv for 16-km and 9-km CO2 forecasts, and analyses, respectively. The positive CO2 mean bias in the16-km forecast appears to be consistent across the vertical profile of the measurements. In contrast, we find a moderate underestimation of CAMS CO with an overall bias against airborne CO measurements of -19.2 (16-km), -16.7 (9-km), and -20.7 ppbv (analysis). This negative CO mean bias is mostly seen below 750 hPa for all three forecast/analysis configurations. Despite these biases, CAMS show a remarkable agreement with observed enhancement ratios of CO with CO2 over Seoul metropolitan and over the West Sea, where East Asian outflows were sampled during the study period. More efficient combustion is observed over Seoul (delta(CO)/delta(CO2) = 9 ppbv/ppmv) compared to the West Sea (delta(CO)/delta(CO2) = 28 ppbv/ppmv). This ‘combustion signature contrast’ is consistent with previous studies in these two regions. CAMS captured this difference in enhancement ratios (Seoul: 8-12 ppbv/ppmv, West Sea: ~30 ppbv/ppmv) regardless of forecast/analysis configurations. The correlation of CAMS CO bias with CO2 bias is relatively high over these two regions (Seoul: 0.64-0.90, West Sea: ~0.80) suggesting that the contrast captured by CAMS may be dominated by anthropogenic emission ratios used in CAMS. However, CAMS shows poorer performance in terms of capturing local-to-urban CO and CO2 variability. Along with measurements at ground sites over the Korean peninsula, CAMS produces too high CO and CO2 concentrations at the surface with steeper vertical gradients (~0.4 ppmv/hPa for CO2 and 3.5 ppbv/hPa for CO) in the morning samples than observed (~0.25 ppmv/hPa for CO2 and 1.7 ppbv/hPa for CO), suggesting weaker boundary layer mixing in the model. Lastly, we find that the combination of CO analyses (i.e., improved initial condition) and use of finer resolution (9-km vs 16-km) generally produce better forecasts.