bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Postcolonial Scrutiny of the Media Imperialism in Wajahat Ali’s The Domestic Crusaders
Authors: Mohammed Samman Maram
Published: February 2021

The paper reevaluates Wajahat Ali’s play The Domestic Crusaders through the postcolonial views of Edward Said. It explores the role of the Western media in the classification and alienation of Muslims according to racist misconceptions. Despite the differences in their respective approaches, the two texts—Ali’s The Domestic Crusaders and Said’s Covering Islam—denounce the media’s role in the distortion of the portrayals of Islam and Muslims. Accordingly, the study aims at discussing the two texts through a postcolonial viewpoint in relation to the media’s role in the spread of Islamophobia. Extracts from both texts will be provided to explicitly or implicitly epitomize the dilemma of the Muslim society after 9/11. The paper explores how the media exploit the fear, ignorance, or vulnerabilities of the global audience. The paper proves that the crusades against Islam deliberately and erroneously describe it as a source of violence and primitiveness that threatens humankind.
Pip’s Ego Oscillations in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations
Authors: Saoudi Bechir , Fahad Al-Eid Lama , Mohammed Al-Break Noura , Saad Al-Samih Rahaf , Abdullah Al-Hammad Tarfah
Published: February 2021

This research project studies Pip’s ego fluctuations in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations. Freud’s division of the human psyche into id, ego and superego is appropriate for the analysis of the rise and fall of the hero in his pursuit to attain gentlemanhood. Four main questions have been addressed: First, what makes up Pip’s id? Second, what are the main components of his superego? Third, does Pip’s ego succeed or fail in striking a balance between his id and superego? In what ways does it fail? And fourth, how does Pip’s ego eventually succeed in striking a balance between his id and superego? The study finds out that Pip’s id is demonstrated through his fascination with high-class lifestyle and relinquishment of common life. It shows that his superego is constructed from the hurdles that prevent him from pursuing gentlemanhood, namely past common life restraints and present high class deficiencies. It also demonstrates how Pip’s faulty ego comes as a result of his frustration at high class lifestyles and resentment of his old common life. The study eventually reveals that two important factors contribute to the success of Pip’s ego: His reconciliation with the past and appreciation of the present in order to have more realistic expectations of the future.
Roses in Amber: Gendered Discourse in Disney’s 2017 Adaptation of Villeneuve’s Fairytale Beauty and the Beast
Authors: Abdullah Rashed Atoof , M. Al-Sharqi Laila.
Published: February 2021

This study considers the dialogic relationship between the 2017 Disney live-action film Beauty and the Beast with Gabrielle-Suzanne de Villeneuve’s fairy tale and Disney’s 1991 animated version. Drawing on cultural and feminist discourse, the study seeks to examine Disney’s live-action film for incidents of cultural appropriation of gender representation compared to Villeneuve’s fairy tale and Disney’s 1991 animated version. The Study argues that the 2017 film adaptation reverses the traditional patriarchal notions and embraces a transgressive feminist discourse/approach as part of Disney’s strategy of diversity and inclusion of gender, race, class, and sexual orientation as constantly evolving cultural categories. This study finds significant alterations made to the physical and psychological attributes of the 2017 film’s three characters: Beauty/Belle, the Beast, and the Enchantress, changes that align with the film’s gendered discourse. By reversing the characteristic privileging of the male and the empowerment of the female, the live-action succeeds in addressing the contemporary audience demands of diversity and inclusion. The study concludes that the changes made in the 2017 film adaptation displace the oppressive patriarchal notions and stereotypical modes of representing the male and female as they have been perceived in the original fairy tale, for they are no longer compatible with contemporary cultures’ assumptions on gender.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Led Lockdown on the Lifestyle of Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors:   MBBS, First Professional Year Student, Faculty of Medical Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India, Roy Shubhajeet
Published: February 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led lockdown-an unprecedented event wherein people globally have been hit hard. This lockdown has caused a deep impact on lifestyle-related parameters like sleep pattern, diet pattern, stress level, physical activity level and circadian rhythms. Objective: This study was designed to study effect of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle of young adults and adolescents. Method: Online survey was conducted in 1065 respondents in the age group of 13 to 25 years. Result: Questionnaire-based survey showed mean sleep duration changing from 6.85 hours to 8.17 hours, average screen time increased to 5.12 hours from 3.5 hours, 51.9% subjects experienced higher stress levels, 76.4% subjects experienced more food intake and 38.6% subjects had decreased levels of physical activity as per self-monitoring. Conclusion: These changes might have long lasting effects on their physical, mental and social health and need counteractive measures to help young people lead a healthy lifestyle during the epidemic and beyond.
Review on Public Health Services among School-Going Adolescents in Kerala
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vellalar College for Women, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India, George Lucy
Published: February 2021

Background: Global investment in adolescent health is crucial. Adolescents aged 10-19 years constitute around one sixth of the world’s population, account for 6% of the global burden of disease and injury, and suffer over 1.2 million deaths each year. India is home to 253 million adolescents, accounting for 20.9% of the country’s population. Methods: The study was cross sectional and implemented in government and government aided schools in central Kerala, Pathanamthitta district. Study assessed the public health services availed in the type of schools. Total 869 schools going adolescent selected from class 5th to 12th standard and the age group between 10-18 years across the 20 schools among government and government aided school in rural, urban and semi-urban areas. Selected random sample of 50 respondents in each classes and self-administrated questionnaire were distributed. Result: Public health services provided by schools to the adolescents were studied and it was revealed that 86.8 % of adolescents were provided with iron tablets, 91.7% de-worming completed. School authorities were not engaging students in anaemia education and less than half 44.6%. 27.9% had their blood test done last five years. Two-third of the students 59.1% said that there were timely health visits by the health professionals. On account of supplementary nutrition 48.2% agreed on proper supply of cooked food within the school, Moreover 70% girls said anthropometric measurements were taken during health visits. Conclusion: The study found the need to improve adolescent public health services periodic health check-up, strengthening the school monitoring system to ensure the health, nutrition and wellbeing in largely to the aided and governments schools. Priority has to be given for improving mental health, knowledge about contraception and school retention.
Anonychia Congenita in a Young Boy - A Rare Entity
Authors:   Senior Resident, Department of Endocrinology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India, Kumar Satish
Published: February 2021

Congenital anonychia in isolated form is a rare anomaly in which there is absence of nails of fingers and toes since birth. Other ectodermal and mesodermal defects in the body are absent. Here, we report a case of 16 year old male having rare congenital disorder anonychia in his hands and feet except in little finger of right hand, lateral two digits of right foot and thumbs of both hands with deformed nails. All other systemic examinations were normal. His parents and siblings were normal as were the second degree relatives.
Effectiveness of Distraction Therapy on Pain Relief among Children Undergoing Vein-Puncture in a Selected Hospital, Bhubaneswar
Authors:   M.Sc. Nursing, Pediatric Nursing-(Kalinga Institute of Nursing Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. and Tutor, Apollo Gleneagles Nursing College, Kolkata, Debnath Soumika
Published: February 2021

Aim: The present study is aimed to assess the effect of distraction therapy during venipuncture in reducing pain among 6-12 years children in the selected hospital at Bhubaneswar. Methods: The study was a double blind; Randomized control trial design was used and the formal consent was obtained from Pradyumna Bal Memorial Hospital and the investigator selected 182 samples using consecutive sampling technique and then randomized into experimental and control groups. The intervention group and the control were having 91 samples each. Measurement of pain experienced by the school going children was assessed with the help of Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Result: The mean pain score of children in experimental group was 2.571 and the standard deviation was 2.006. The p value in comparing the pain level of children in control and experimental group was <0.01, which was statistically significant at p<0.05 (confidence interval 95%) level indicating that there was significant difference in the post test level of pain between the experimental and control group. Conclusion: Hence the distraction therapy was responsive in reducing the vein-puncture pain among school going children.
Secret to Success in Medical Research: A Concise Directive
Authors:   Professor, Community Medicine, Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India, Mishra Badrinarayan
Published: February 2021

Starting from philosophy to medicine - research is the fundament to their growth and enrichment. Over the years varied disciplines have not only contributed to the development of research as a speciality but also to the jargons that surround it. This article focuses on finetuning medical research under ten sections/ commandments and the way to achieve core competency using accepted abbreviations and acronyms applicable trans domain so that it becomes users friendly. They are the SMARTER guideline, FINER criteria and PICOTS format along with variants.
Clinical Study on Effect of Swarnamritaprashana (Modified Swarna Prashana) in the Management of Shayyamutra in Children
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Kaumarabhritya, Dayanand Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab, India, Sharma Sudheer
Published: February 2021

Background: The psychosomatic problems of children vary widely in accordance with many factors, which are responsible for children’s physical, mental and emotional progress. In this connection there are so many developmental, behavioral disorders of childhood. Out of them Shayyamutra (enuresis) is the most common messy disorder which is psychosomatic in nature, commonly seen in growing children. Along with other medhya and balya drug it can give better results in Shayyamutra along with Satvavajayachikitsa, that is the reason this study was taken. Materials and Methods: 40 patients of Shayyamutra satisfying diagnostic criteria and age 6-16 years were selected from outpatient department of Kaumarbhritya, SDM College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan. Among them, 20 patients were treated with swarnamritaprashana capsule daily once for two month along with satvavajaya chikitsa in study group. The other 20 patients were treated with ghrita bharjita Godhuma capsule (placebo) daily once for two month along with satvavajaya chikitsa in control group .The patients were assessed on the completion first month, second month and followed again after third month. It was open labelled standard control non-randomized prospective clinical trial from August 2016 to Feb 2017. Result: Statistically significant effect (p<0.05) of swarnamritaprashana capsule along with satvavajaya chikitsa in reduction of all signs and symptoms of nocturnal enuresis after treatment were observed. Conclusion: Swarnamritaprashana along with satvavajaya chikitsa is effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of Shayyamutra.
Necessity and Significance of Meditation in Life
Authors:   Yoga Therapist, Central Council for Research in Yoga and Naturopathy, New Delhi, India, Naragatti Siddappa
Published: February 2021

This review article focuses on necessity and importance of meditation in life. Modern hazardous lifestyle and unhealthy work style resulting from money-making mind and selfish nature is causing various ailments. Only meditation is the way for overcoming these illnesses and leading a happy healthy life in this universe. Traditional ways are the justified footprints. It is the time to look inside the self with awareness and attention; this would provide us our own reflection; it would guide us where to go, what to do in life and how to achieve the ultimate goal of life. Our ancient yogis have achieved that stage with the help of meditation. Hereunder the authors have tried to draw the outline of the meditation for the wellbeing of the human being.
Shweta Pradara - A Localised Symptom of the Female Reproductive System or a Systemic Disease? - A Review
Authors:   3 Year P.G. Scholar, Department of Prasuti Tantra & Stree Roga, Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science & Research Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, . Urvija
Published: February 2021

Shweta pradara is a pathological condition that is characterised by a localised symptom that is whitish discharge from the vaginal canal. The following are three criteria of leucorrhoea. 1) Excess secretion is evident from persistent vulvar moistness or staining of the undergarments or need to wear a vulvar pad, 2) It is non-purulent and non-offensive, 3) It is non-irritant and never causes pruritis, treatment of which includes to improvise the general health condition along with other specific management. Shweta pradara closely resembles leucorrhoea but does not completely fulfil the criteria. It has been explained mainly as a symptom in many diseases related to stree roga as well as prasuti tantra. Treatment options involve oral medications along with other lines of treatment like basti, lepa, varti, prakshalana and pichu. This indicates that the condition is more than just local. Very less has been explored about the systemic involvement in Shweta pradara which can be attempted to be established as the systemic disease as the acharyashave mentioned a separate classical treatment in order to combat the ailment, else can be understood as an important symptom of an underlying cause so as to attain symptomatic relief. Interpretation of Shweta pradara as a disease has been dealt in the article.
A Study to Assess the Psychological Status, Social and Health System Support to the Women who are Undergoing Infertility Treatment
Authors:   Associate Professor, Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, Shaiju Bindu
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Infertility is not only a gynecological illness but also a bio-psycho-social health problem including a lower Quality of Life (QOL), psychiatric problems, marital conflicts and sexual dissatisfaction. Women in India are facing the burden of infertility treatment because of cultural and social stress, lack of knowledge and which can lead to other mental health problems. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the psychological status including the anxiety and depression, level of social support by family spouse and peer, and to assess the level of health system support by doctors, nurses and any health care provider to the women who are diagnosed with primary infertility. Methodology: Quantitative (non-experimental) approach was used. The data was collected from select 80 women who were undergoing infertility treatment at National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi. A standardized scale (BAI and BDI) was used to assess the psychological status and structured questionnaire to assess the social support and health system support among the women in view of getting infertility treatment support for data collection and later data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result: The findings revealed that 28.75% were normal and 28.75% had moderate level and10% had severe level of depression, 93.75% had low level of anxiety, 5% had moderate level of anxiety and 1.25% had extreme level of anxiety, the 80% were getting average, 11.25% getting poor and 8.75% were getting good social support. 96.25% women were getting good support, 1.25% were getting average support and 2.5% were getting poor support from the health system. Conclusion: The study concluded that women who are undergoing infertility treatment had faced moderate mood disturbances as well less support from the family and spouse in their life. Further research must be undertaken to investigate better management for psychological and emotional support techniques to surpass their problem and you are valuable with or without a baby.
Awareness Assessment regarding COVID-19 among Population - A Cross-Sectional Online Study
Authors:   Nursing Superintendent, Indian Railway Health Services, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India, Pareek Shatrughan
Published: February 2021

Background and Objective: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is a very contagious disease. The study was conducted with aim to assess the awareness towards Corona virus disease among the population. Awareness towards the disease is important for prevention and control. Methodology: The research design was descriptive cross-sectional design. The study was conducted online in India due to COVID-19 crisis and lockdown. A structured awareness questionnaire was distributed to subjects by using social media platform. The questionnaire was based on information by the WHO. In present study, 585 subjects were included in the study by non-randomized snowball sampling technique. Result: In the present study, almost two third i.e. 66.2% of the respondents were females while; one third (33.8%) were males. Majority of the subjects (46%) learned about COVID-19 from social media. Awareness towards spread of disease and supportive treatment were 92.2% and 74% respectively. Additionally, majority i.e. 97% respondents knew the measures to be done if COVID-19 symptom occurs. In terms of affected by COVID-19, more than half i.e. 55.9% stated that all age groups are equally at risk followed by 39.7% disagreed with this statement, while 4.4% had no idea. Furthermore, towards COVID-19 management, 84.3% responses were correct. The overall awareness regarding COVID-19 was 74.2%. Conclusion: Upon understanding the percentage of people not aware about the age groups this virus will be affecting, keeping in mind good amount of knowledge amongst individuals about maintaining hygiene and social distancing, this survey would help the health care workers to create awareness regarding the effect of this virus on different age groups to help prevent carelessness amongst youth in following the regime. Furthermore, awareness among population towards the disease is crucial to minimize morbidity and mortality due to the disease.
Effectiveness of Play Therapy during Hospitalization in reducing Anxiety among 6-12 Years Children in the Selected Tertiary Hospital at Bhubaneswar
Authors:   M.Sc. Nursing, Child Health Nursing, (Kalinga Institute of Nursing Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be university, Bhubaneswar, Odisha) and Assistant Professor, International Institute of Nursing & Research, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India, Paul Mousumi
Published: February 2021

Background: Hospitalization can be a threatening and stressful experience for children. Because of unfamiliar with the environment and medical procedures and unaware of the reasons for hospitalization, it can result in children’s anger, anxiety. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to do the baseline assessment of anxiety score of hospitalized children of experimental and control group, to assess the effectiveness of play therapy and to assess the pre and post intervention score of anxiety across different sub group of anxiety disorder like Separation anxiety, Social phobia, OCD, Panic/agoraphobia, Physical injury fears, Generalized anxiety. Methods: Randomized clinical control trial design with control group was used and the formal consent was obtained from Pradyumna Bal Memorial Hospital and the investigator selected 60 samples using consecutive sampling technique (taking every patient who met the selection criteria over the specified time period) and then randomized into experimental and control groups. Measurement of anxiety experienced by the school going children was assessed with the help of Spence Children Anxiety Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Result: The mean anxiety score of children in control group was 39.4 and the experimental group was 34.433. The p value in comparing the anxiety score of children in control and experimental group was 0.004, which was statistically significant at p<0.01 level indicating that there was significant difference in the post test level of anxiety between the control and experimental group. Conclusions: The study was concluded that play therapy was effective in reducing the anxiety among school going children.
Psychiatric Aspects of Epilepsy
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of Psychiatry and Drug De-Addiction, Lady Hardinge Medical College and SSK Hospital, New Delhi, India, Sharma Surabhi
Published: February 2021

A seizure is defined as transient change in neurological functioning which is characterised by hypersynchronous discharges of neurons in the brain regions whereas epilepsy is defined as a syndrome consisting of various recurrent seizures and it is associated with the psychological and neuropathological effects. Early recognition and management of psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy is extremely important, because it improves the quality of life and aids in better seizure control. Newer antiepileptics with less interaction with psychotropics and less behavioural manifestations should be used for management of epilepsy; and psychotropics having low potential for lowering seizure threshold are generally preferred. A holistic approach to assess psychiatric comorbidity and judicious use of medicine can help in comprehensive patient care planning and reduced health burden.
Femorotibial joint kinematics in nine dogs treated with lateral suture stabilization for complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Tinga Selena , Kim Stanley E. , Banks Scott A. , Jones Stephen C. , Park Brian H. , Chapman Sara M. , Pozzi Antonio , Lewis Daniel D.
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

To quantify 3-D femorotibial joint kinematics during ambulation in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture treated with lateral fabellotibial suture stabilization (LFTS).

ANIMALS

9 adult dogs (body weight, 15 to 35 kg [33 to 77 lb]) with unilateral complete CCL rupture.

PROCEDURES

Digital 3-D bone models of the femur and fabellae and tibia and fibula were created from CT scans. Lateral fluoroscopic images of stifle joints were collected during treadmill walking before surgery and 6 months after LFTS. The LFTS was performed with nylon leader material secured with knots. Gait cycles were analyzed with a 3-D to 2-D image registration process. Femorotibial joint kinematics (craniocaudal translation, internal-external rotation, and flexion and extension angles) were compared among CCL-deficient stifle joints before LFTS, CCL-deficient stifle joints 6 months after LFTS, and unaffected contralateral (control) stifle joints. Owners and veterinarians subjectively assessed lameness by use of a visual analog scale and gait examination, respectively, at each time point.

RESULTS

At midstance phase, medial cranial tibial translation decreased from 9.3 mm before LFTS to 7.6 mm after LFTS but remained increased when compared with control stifle joint values. Following LFTS, axial rotation and stifle joint flexion and extension angles were not significantly different from control stifle joints. On the owner survey, the median walking lameness score improved from 9.3 of 10 before surgery to 0.3 after surgery. On gait examination, median walking lameness score improved from 2 of 4 before surgery to 0 after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Stifle joint instability was only slightly mitigated at 6 months following LFTS performed with knotted nylon leader material in medium to large dogs with CCL rupture, despite improvement in lameness.
Uwarunkowania i skala redukcji zanieczyszczeń gazowych w krajowych elektrowniach zawodowych
Authors: Luchter Lidia
Published: February 2021

Charakterystyczną cechą funkcjonowania krajowej elektroenergetyki w latach 90. jest istotne ograniczenie presji na środowisko, zwłaszcza w zakresie emisji zanieczyszczeń gazowych (Luchter 1996). Skala tego zjawiska jest szczególnie duża w przypadku redukcji dwutlenku siarki, pomimo zachowania w sektorze monokultury paliw stałych oraz pojawienia się od l 994 r. progresywnej tendencji w produkcji energii elektrycznej. Analiza relacji i uwarunkowań między przemysłem a środowiskiem należy do tradycyjnego, nie tracącego na aktualności kierunku badawczego geografii przemysłu (Kortus 1986, Wieioński 2000).
Polityka akcyzowa a kordycja finansowa polskiego przemysłu spirytusowego i tytoniowego
Authors: Goleniowski Piotr
Published: February 2021

W dobie kontynuacji przemian gospodarczych zachodzących w Polsce, w okresie realizacji wprowadzonych już wielu bardzo ważnych dla kraju reform, jak również aspiracji Państwa związanych z przynależnością, bądź jej chęcią do struktur europejskich konieczne jest do realizacji tych celów odpowiednie zaplecze finansowe. Nasuwa się wobec tego pytanie skąd brać na to odpowiednie środki. Przede wszystkim bardzo pomocną cechą w tego typu przedsięwzięciach jest odpowiednie gospodarowanie i zarządzanie środkami ju1 powierzonymi do dyspozycji wynikającymi z realizacji Budżetu Państwa.
Effect of Tillage Techniques on Depth, Furrow Slice and Water Retention in Maugo Smallholder Rice Scheme in Kenya
Authors: Kipchumba Cheboi Pius , Kiptum Clement Kiprotich , O. Onyando Japheth
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the influence of tillage techniques on depth, furrow slice and water retention in Maugo Smallholder Rice Scheme in Kenya. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Four tillage treatments were used. The first one was conventional ox plough practiced by farmers where they first flood the field with water before ploughing. The other three treatments were ox plough, hand hoe and tractor ploughing all with no flooding before ploughing. Data collected included depth of ploughing and harrowing during land preparation. Furrow slices during ploughing and harrowing as well as water retention were recorded. Tractor ploughing had the highest mean depth of ploughing of 42.00 ± 0.81 cm followed by conventional ox ploughing with 17.75 ± 0.75 cm, ox ploughing15.75 ± 0.62 cm and hand hoe ploughing had the lowest mean depth 15.50 ± 0.28 cm. Tractor ploughing had the largest mean furrow size of 62.00 ± 0.91cm followed by conventional ox ploughing 32.25 ± 0.85 cm, ox ploughing 30.25 ± 0.85 cm while hand hoe ploughing had the smallest mean furrow slice of 16.5 ± 0.50 cm. Highest mean of retained water was recorded in week 4 in paddy rice fields prepared using conventional ox ploughing (10.5 cm), ox ploughing (10 cm), hand hoe ploughing (11.5 cm) and tractor ploughing (11.5 cm) while the lowest was recorded in week 15 for conventional plots. There were significant differences in mean depths during both ploughing and harrowing. Tractor ploughing mean depths were significantly different from the other treatments. The weekly mean water depths retained in the plots were more than 6 cm for the entire growing period of rice.
Dreamtime: Version 5.0 of the Australian Guidelines for Preparing Submissions to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC)
Authors: Langley Paul C
Published: February 2021

In September 2016 the Australian Department of Health published Version 5.0 of the Guidelines for Preparing Submissions to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC). These guidelines, which were first published for comment in 1990, set out how to prepare a submission to list a new medicine or medicinal product on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule (PBS). The guidelines give instructions on the information required by the PBAC and the Economic Sub-Committee (ESC), the most appropriate form for presenting clinical evidence and the standards for an economic evaluation. The purpose of this commentary is to consider whether or not the evidence standards proposed and the consequent modeled claims for economic effectiveness meet the standards of normal science: are the claims presented to support PBS listing credible, evaluable and replicable. The review concludes that the PBAC guidelines do not meet the standards expected in normal science. The absence of empirically evaluable claims means there is no way of judging whether they are right or even if they are wrong. If the Guidelines were never intended to support experimentation and systematic observation to generate feedback to health system decision makers, then this should be made clear by the PBAC. If not, then consideration should be given to redrafting the guidelines to ensure they conform to these standards. Hopefully, future versions of the guidelines will address this issue and focus on a rigorous research program of claims assessment and feedback.

 

Type: Commentary
Introducing an Undergraduate Degree of Cosmetic Science and Formulation Design within a College of Pharmacy
Authors: Baki Gabriella , Borden Mary Jo , Peeters Michael J.
Published: February 2021

As a unique and versatile undergraduate degree program, a Bachelor of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences (BSPS) is offered by a number of colleges/schools of pharmacy. These provide a bachelor's degree concentrated in pharmaceutical sciences, and can be a non-Doctor of Pharmacy option, possibly before progressing to graduate degree studies. Recently implemented at the University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (UTCPPS), one such BSPS major is Cosmetic Science and Formulation Design. This new undergraduate major was created to serve the needs of the cosmetic and personal care industry, with a great need identified for well-trained new professionals with basic knowledge in the sciences and business. This Cosmetic Science and Formulation Design major was added to four other BSPS majors at UTCPPS. Introduced in 2013, this major is the only functioning undergraduate degree in Cosmetic Science and Formulation Design in the United States. Preliminary job placement data provides promising evidence that this undergraduate major has helped graduates launch a career in the cosmetic and personal care, or pharmaceutical industries. Based on our experience from the past three years, we believe that this cosmetic science major has been worth its resource investment. We hope others designing new undergraduate pharmaceutical sciences programs might integrate advice from this experience into their impending programs.

 

Type: Idea Paper
Imaginary Worlds and Efficiency Frontiers: Should We Abandon the IQWiG Health Technology Assessment Model?
Authors: Langley Paul C
Published: February 2021

The contribution of cost-effectiveness analysis to the pricing of pharmaceuticals in Germany is at best marginal and in many, if not most cases, absent. While this may reflect a reasonable belief that cost-effectiveness analysis adds little if anything to pricing and formulary placement decisions, its marginalization reflects considerable dissatisfaction, if not frustration, with modeling efforts by the Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitseesen (IQWiG). In part, this reflects the rejection of quality adjusted life years (QALYs) as the common outcome standard, together with the adoption of the efficiency frontier as the default framework for modeled claims. The purpose of this commentary is to consider the merits, in the German context, of an efficiency frontier framework for cost-effectiveness and pricing decisions. The commentary concludes that the efficiency frontier framework for health technology assessment, in supporting the creation of non-evaluable claims from models or simulations, fails of to meet the standards of normal science: it fails to support claims that are credible, evaluable and replicable. It should be abandoned. If cost-effectiveness modeling is to play a constructive role in pricing negotiations in Germany then manufacturers should be required to submit evaluable claims. The most effective way of ensuring this is to require manufacturers to accompany any submission for a new product with a protocol detailing how their claims, to include those for clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness and budget impact, are to be evaluated and reported to decision makers in a meaningful time frame.

 

Type: Commentary
Exploring Strategies to Enhance the Presentation of Information in Print DTCA to Improve Consumers’ Recall of Information
Authors: Hwang Monica J , Hsu Shih-Ying
Published: February 2021

This study examines how best to present information in an antidepressant print DTCA. The objectives of this study are to: (1) modify an antidepressant print advertisement to enhance consumers’ understanding of the presented information, (2) create a questionnaire to measure consumers’ recall of the information presented in an antidepressant print advertisement and (3) pilot test the study instruments by comparing consumers’ recall of the information in the antidepressant print advertisement between those who view the original advertisement and those who view the modified advertisement. Modifications of the advertisement were based on the Explanatory Structure Building Model, findings from previous studies, and literature pertaining to the enhancement of the readability and comprehension of written health information. Data collection was conducted in three stages using mixed methods. This study details potential techniques that can be used to enhance the presentation of information in print DTCA in order to improve consumers’ recall of the information. Furthermore, this study shows that strategies to improve the presentation of information in print DTCA exist and that the strategies are feasible to apply.

Conflict of Interest

This research study was supported by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Population Health Dissertation Grants sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Sonderegger Research Center Dissertation Research Grants.

 

Type: Original Research
Addition of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) to Induction of Drendan Seeds Buds (Lansium domesticum var. aqueum (Jack) Miq.) by In Vitro
Authors: Isda Mayta Novaliza , Desyana Febby Ika
Published: February 2021

Drendan (Lansium domesticum var. aqueum (Jack) Miq. is one of Indonesia's native tropical fruits. Drendan has high antioxidant activity and contains high nutrients, but has started to rarely be found in the field because its management and cultivation is rarely done due to its sour taste in vitro culture is a method or technique of plant propagation which can be an alternative to obtaining drendan seedlings in large quantities and in a short time vegetatively. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of BAP on shoot induction from drendan seed explants and determine the best concentration of BAP on shoot growth of drendan seed explants in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with BAP concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 mg / L BAP. The result of this research is the addition of BAP has been able to increase the percentage of live explants and the percentage of shoot formation. Giving BAP did not significantly affect the number of shoots and had a significant effect on shoot emergence time and shoot length. The addition of BAP resulted in slower shoot emergence time. Giving BAP was not able to stimulate shoot induction, but the addition of BAP could increase shoot length growth at a concentration of 5 mg / L BAP of 0.52 cm.
COMBINATION OF PRENATAL GENTLE YOGA EXERCISES AND LAVENDER AROMATERAPY INHALATION TO IMPROVING SLEEP QUALITY IN TRIMESTER III PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Rhomadona Shinta Wurdiana , Primihastuti Dianita
Published: February 2021

As gestational age increases, the quality of sleep can decrease. It was reported that about 60% of late trimester pregnant women experience fatigue and> 75% experience sleep disturbances. However, these complaints are often ignored, even though it can lead to an increased risk of gestational hypertension, diabetes, prematurity, and postpartum depression. Sleep disturbances can also cause depression and stress that affects the fetus. Mild stress causes an increase in fetal heart rate which, if left untreated, will make the baby hyperactive. Meanwhile, the consequences are depression and babies who are born have less time to sleep deeply. Efforts to overcome this sleep disorder are yoga and lavender aromatherapy inhalation. Purpose: Therefore, the researchers estimated that the application of a combination of prenatal gentle yoga and lavender aromatherapy would be more effective in affecting the quality of sleep in pregnant women, so it is hoped that it can reduce sleep disturbances in third trimester pregnant women. Results: There is a significant effect of the combination of prenatal gentle yoga and inhalation of lavender aromatherapy in improving sleep quality in the treatment group with a value of α = 0.011 or α <0.05. There was a significant difference in the quality of sleep in the group compared to the control group with a value of α = 0.004 or α <0.05. Conclusion: By practicing prenatal gentle yoga and regular inhalation of lavender aromatherapy, it will be able to improve sleep patterns without using sleeping pills which wil
RELATIONSHIP OF ADDITIONAL NUTRITIONAL CONSUMPTION OF GREEN BEANS (VIGNA RADIATA) WITH BREAST MILK PRODUCTION.
Authors: Handayani Rohmi , Yulaikah Siti
Published: February 2021

Background: The protein needed by breastfeeding mothers can be supplied from nuts, including green beans. Green beans contain active compounds, namely polyphenols and flavonoids which function to increase the hormone prolactin. When the prolactin hormone increases, milk secretion will be maximized so that the quantity of breast milk will increase and the nutritional content contained in green beans will increase the nutritional content in breast milk (Suskesty, 2017)Purpose of the study: to determine the relationship between the frequency of breastfeeding and the provision of additional nutritional consumption of vigna radiate with milk production in post-partum mothers on the 15th day in Klaten district.Methods: This type of research is pre-experimental design with post test only design with control group design. The population in this study were all mothers who had babies aged 1-3 months and resided in the working area of Puskesmas Klaten from January to September 2020. This study is a mother who has a baby aged 1 - 3 months and breastfeeding exclusively in the working area of Puskesmas Klaten with a sample size of 40 respondents consisting of 20 respondents in the treatment group (consumption of green beans) and 20 respondents in the control group (not consuming green beans). . The data analysis technique is the Spearman Correlation and Independent T-Test.Results: There was a correlation between the frequency of breastfeeding and milk production on the 15th day of postpartum mothers with a P value: .000. There is a difference in the average milk production in the 15th day postpartum mothers who are given additional Vigna Radiata (green beans) food and not given Vigna Radiata with P value: .000Conclusion: The frequency and consumption of additional Vigna radiata (green beans) nutrition can increase breast milk production
ВЛИЯНИЕ КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО МАГНИТНОГО ПОЛЯ НА ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ РАСПЛАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОВОЛОКИ ПРИ ДУГОВОЙ НАПЛАВКЕ
Authors: Ahieieva Marina , Razmyshlyaev Aleksandr
Published: February 2021

Актуальность темы исследования. Применение управляющих продольного магнитного поля (ПрМП) и поперечного магнитного поля (ПоМП) при электродуговой наплавке и сварке проволокой под флюсом обеспечивает ряд технологических преимуществ. Применение ПрМП и ПоМП при дуговой наплавке и сварке проволокой под флюсом позволяет увеличить коэффициент расплавления проволоки, управлять глубиной и площадью зоны проплавления основного металла, измельчать структурные составляющие наплавленного металла (шва). Постановка проблемы. Повышение производительности процесса дуговой сварки и наплавки под флюсом определяется интенсифицированием процесса расплавления проволоки. Совместное влияние ПрМП и ПоМП, то есть комбинированное магнитное поле, позволит в большей степени увеличить коэффициент расплавления проволоки. Анализ последних исследований и публикаций. В последних публикациях исследовано влияние ПрМП и ПоМП на коэффициент расплавления проволоки при дуговой сварке и наплавки под флюсом. Применение управляющих ком-
бинированных магнитных полей при дуговой сварке исследовано для сварки неплавящимся электродом. Выделение неисследованных частей общей проблемы. Практически нет работ, в которых бы изучалось совместное влияние ПрМП и ПоМП, то есть комбинированного магнитного поля (КМП) на коэффициент расплавления электродной проволоки при дуговой наплавке и сварке под флюсом.
Постановка задачи. Определение влияния комбинированного магнитного поля на коэффициент расплавления электродной проволоки при дуговой наплавке под слоем флюса. Изложение основного материала. Сконструировано устройство для создания КМП. Исследовано распределение компонент индукции КМП, а также влияние КМП на коэффициент расплавления электродной проволоки при
дуговой наплавке под слоем флюса для ферромагнитных и неферромагнитных проволок. Выводы в соответствии со статьей. Определены значения коэффициента расплавления проволок как ферромагнитных, так и неферромагнитных при дуговой наплавке под флюсом.
Dos usos (e abusos) da cenografia jornalística
Authors: Figueira Filipo
Published: February 2021

Neste ensaio teórico, busca-se discutir a relação entre duas formas de “imitação” do discurso jornalístico: as desnotícias (ou notícias satíricas) e as fake news.  Ambos os gêneros se espelham no discurso jornalístico para se construírem, ao mesmo tempo que produzem efeitos completamente distintos: um provoca o riso, o outro, a desinformação. Algumas questões se colocam: qual a brecha presente no campo jornalístico, tão afeito aos fatos e à verdade, que permite sua completa subversão para fins tão diferentes dos seus? Como ela é explorada? Por consequência, quais os efeitos e fundamentos dessa subversão? Este ensaio pauta-se pela tese de que o campo jornalístico funda-se através do rompimento com um discurso engajado: considera-se que a mudança de um regime discursivo pautado pela agenda política (como o discurso publicista) para um pautado pela competição econômica marca a fundação do campo jornalístico (CHALABY, 1998). É nesse rompimento que o discurso jornalístico institui como valor ético central de sua prática a “norma da objetividade” (que engloba outros valores, como neutralidade, equilíbrio, honestidade etc.). O que se pretende expor neste ensaio, portanto, é que, delegando a constituição de sua cenografia (isto é, o modo como constrói sua legitimidade frente aos leitores) ao controle do registro linguístico-discursivo, o discurso jornalístico abre espaço para outros usos cenográficos (como os da desnotícia e da fake news), de variadas matizes éticas, que se fiam na memória de sua legitimidade.
O valor de verdade como ato responsável e responsivo
Authors: Cristovão Assunção
Published: February 2021

Este artigo analisou pressupostos de agência especializadas em checagem de fake news neste cenário em que, por conta das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos veículos de comunicação após a disseminação da internet, a checagem dos fatos se torna cada vez mais ausente no dia a dia das redações. O objetivo é mostrar o quanto a palavra verdade, não apenas aquela de discussão filosófica, mas também a factual, para o jornalismo, continua sendo uma crença que pode ser concretizada. Será utilizado como suporte teórico o livro Para uma Filosofia do Ato Responsável, de Mikhail Bakhtin, e como córpus as categorias de classificação de notícias da agência Lupa, ligada ao jornal Folha de S. Paulo, que usa as etiquetas “falso”, “contraditório”, “verdadeiro”, “ainda é cedo para dizer”, “exagerado”, “subestimado”, “insustentável”, “verdadeiro, mas...” e “de olho”. Para Bakhtin, “a ética material procura encontrar e fundar normas conteudísticas morais específicas, normas às vezes de validade universal, às vezes primordialmente relativas, mas em qualquer caso gerais, aplicáveis a todos” (BAHTIN, 2010, p. 71-72). Acontece que, para o filósofo russo, não existem normas especificamente éticas. Diz ele que cada norma encontra o seu fundamento específico na sua validação pela disciplina científica correspondente. Assim, o filósofo diz ser necessária alguma coisa que tenha origem em cada sujeito, precisamente a orientação do dever moral de cada consciência. Bakhtin vai propor então o que ele chama de ato responsável, no sentido mesmo de responsabilidade, mas que também pode ser traduzido por responsivo, conceitos a partir dos quais está amparado este artigo.
ANÁLISE DAS CARACTERISTICAS CLÍNICAS DOS PACIENTES COM SÍNDROME DO DESCONFORTO RESPIRATÓRIO AGUDO SUBMETIDOS À POSIÇÃO PRONA: ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO
Authors: Azevedo Andréa Costa dos Anjos , Queiroz Karine Vieira , Oliveira Francisca Andressa Teixeira de , Lopes Paulo Ricardo Silva , Vasconcelos Thiago Brasileiro de , Rocha Emília Maria Matos , Bastos Vasco Pinheiro Diógenes
Published: February 2021

A posição prona é o contado total da região anterior do corpo com a maca (cama), é um método aparentemente seguro e simples que melhora a troca gasosa e oxigenação por ocorrer a diminuição da complacência da parede torácica. Nos últimos anos essa posição vem sendo utilizada nos pacientes com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo para tentar promover benefícios, como drenagem postural, mudança do padrão de movimento diafragmático, aumento da capacidade funcional residual e melhora da pressão arterial de oxigênio. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características clínicas dos pacientes com Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo submetidos aposição prona. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, documental e com análise quantitativa dos resultados. Foram avaliados 16 prontuários de pacientes internados na Unidade Terapia Intensiva no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2016, independentemente de idade e sexo. O sexo predominante do estudo foi masculino (62,5%; n = 10). Evidenciou-se que 100% (n = 16) dos indivíduos da amostra apresentavam patologias associadas ao sistema respiratório como origem da SDRA. Durante a internação, 78% (n = 12) dos pacientes analisados foram pronados uma vez por 11,5 horas, 12,5% (n = 2) duas vezes por 18 horas e 12,5% (n = 2) três vezes por 16 horas, esse último obtendo melhora nas gasometrias, destacando assim, que o tempo se faz importante. Conclui-se que a posição prona contribui no tratamento de pacientes com SDRA com a finalidade de melhorar a oxigenação e minimizar as complicações decorrentes da hipoxemia, através do maior tempo em prono.