bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBEDAAN KARAKTERISTIK PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS DENGAN KOMPLIKASI NEUROPATI YANG BEROBAT JALAN DI RSU ANUTAPURA PALU SETELAH 6 BULAN
Authors: Ramlan Ramli Ruslan , Muslima Sari Asrini , Hasanah Amelia
Published: February 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang diperkirakan akan terus meningkat prevalensinya. Diabetes melitus dengan komplikasi neuropati dapat mengganggu aktifitas kehidupan manusia yaitu dapat mengakibatkan ulkus pada kaki, amputasi, luka pada kulit yang sukar sembuh dan disfungsi seksual. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan gambaran karaktersitik sebelum dan setelah 6 bulan pada penderita diabetes melitus dengan komplikasi neuropati yang datang dan berobat jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum (RSU) Anutapura Palu. Metode penelitian adalah desktriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional study. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner kepada semua pasien penderita diabetes melitus dengan komplikasi neuropati yang datang dan berobat jalan di RSU Anutapura Palu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Karakteristik pasien diabetes melitus dengan komplikasi neuropati yang datang dan berobat jalan di RSU Anutapura Palu yaitu jenis kelamin (p=0,203) dan obesitas (p=0,192); p>0,05 tidak ditemukan perbedaan sebelum dan setelah 6 bulan kemudian pada pasien diabetes melitus dengan komplikasi neuropati yang datang berobat jalan di RSU Anutapura Palu. Karakteristik usia (p=0,00) dan lama menderita diabetes melitus (p=0,00); p<0,05 ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah 6 bulan kemudian pada pasien diabetes melitus dengan komplikasi neuropati yang datang dan berobat jalan di RSU Anutapura Palu.
Digital transformation: From hierarchy to network-based collaboration? The case of the German “Online Access Act”
Authors: Rackwitz Maike , Hustedt Thurid , Hammerschmid Gerhard
Published: February 2021

To unlock the full potential of ICT-related public sector innovation and digital transformation, governments must embrace collaborative working structures and leadership, is commonly argued. However, little is known about the dynamics of such collaborations in contexts of hierarchy, silo cultures, and procedural accountability. A widely voiced but empirically insufficiently substantiated claim is that bringing cross-cutting digital endeavours forward requires more lateral, network-based approaches to governance beyond traditional Weberian ideals. We test this claim by shedding light on three distinct challenges (complexity, risk, and power imbalance) encountered when implementing the specific collaborative case of the German Online Access Act (OAA) and by examining how they have been addressed in institutional design and leadership. Our analysis, which combines desk research and semi-structured expert interviews, reveals that flexible, horizontal approaches are on the rise. Taking a closer look, however, vertical coordination continues to serve as complementary means to problem-solving capability.
Coordinating the digital transformation of inter-organizational public services – The case of e-invoicing in Belgium
Authors: Wouters Stijn , Lember Veiko , Crompvoets Joep
Published: February 2021

Digital transformation has the potential to profoundly change the way public administrations deliver public services to its users. One of the challenges involved in the inter-organizational networks that often govern integrated digital services is to identify what coordination instruments are effective. In this paper we examine this issue through a case study that deals with the transformation of invoicing services in Belgian public administrations at the federal and Flemish (regional) level. We review the coordination instruments and study how they evolved over time. Our findings suggest that transformation (1) might in part depend on the choice of instruments and multiple mechanisms. The mix of appropriate coordination instruments is likely to change as digital transformation objectives and governance challenges evolve over time. (2) Digital transformation might be a step-by-step process involving multiple rounds of digitalization and its specific implementation contingent on the service itself.
Width-based distance measures on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets
Authors: Li Xi , Suo Chunfeng , Li Yongming
Published: February 2021

An essential topic of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets(IVIFSs) is distance measures. In this paper, we introduce a new kind of distance measures on IVIFSs. The novelty of our method lies in that we consider the width of intervals so that the uncertainty of outputs is strongly associated with the uncertainty of inputs. In addition, better than the distance measures given by predecessors, we define a new quaternary function on IVIFSs to construct the above-mentioned distance measures, which called interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy dissimilarity function. Two specific methods for building the quaternary functions are proposed. Moreover, we also analyzed the degradation of the distance measures in this paper, and show that our measures can perfectly cover the measures on a simpler set. Finally, we provide illustrative examples in pattern recognition and medical diagnosis problems to confirm the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed distance measures.
El Sexto Paso en el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Comunidad: Implementar y Evaluar el Proyecto
Authors: Swisher Mickie E. , Rezola Sandra , Sterns James
Published: February 2021

El seguimiento y la evaluación de cualquier proyecto le permite determinar si se han logrado las metas y los objetivos establecidos y decidir si se están supliendo los resultados esperados.

This document is FCS7219-Span, one of a series of the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611. First published: September 2003.

FCS7219-Span/CD034: El Sexto Paso en el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Comunidad: Implementar y Evaluar el Proyecto (ufl.edu)
Comparison of Heart Rate Variability between Shift and Rest Days in Nurses Working at Coronary Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ozgeyik Mehmet , Sen Taner , Astarcioglu Mehmet Ali , Okay Mufide , Uslu Abdulkadir
Published: February 2021

Objective: Stress of working conditions change the circadian rhythm and body’s autonomic functions. Heart rate variability is a simple and noninvasive method that reflects the heart’s autonomic system. In this study, we analyzed the rhythm differences of intensive care unit nurses between 24 hours shift and rest days.

Materials and Methods: 51 nurses working in intensive care units of our center were included in the study. The nurses were divided into two groups as study and control groups according to the shift and rest days for 24 hours holter recordings, respectively.

Results: Heart rate parameters were under parasympathic and sympathic dominance in rest and shift days, respectively. Although normalized high frequency, normalized low frequency and low frequency/high frequency ratio values were parallel to the shift and rest days at 24-hour intervals, inverse correlations were observed between 03.00- 08.00 hours. No statistically significant difference was seen in circadian rhythm between shift and rest days. Heart rate parameters generally showed similar pattern of circadian rhythm irrespective of the working status of the participants. Sympathetic activity was significantly higher in the day period than the night period in the shift days however there was no difference within resting group.

Conclusion: Slight increase in sympathetic system activity and marked decrease in parasympathetic activity during 03-05 o’clock were apparent in shift days. This increase was attributed to early cortisol release.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF AGOMELATINE IN BULK AND A TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: M. Firake Bhushan , V. Pathak Pranjalee , K. Dorik Pallavi , M. Siddaiah
Published: February 2021

UV spectrophotometry is an analytical technique used routinely for qualitative and quantitative assay due the low cost and reliability during analysis. An simple, efficient, rapid, sensitive, precise and economical UV Spectrophotometric method has been developed for estimation of agomelatine from bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The method was developed and validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q2 R1) guidelines.  The λmax of agomelatine in acetonitrile was found to be 229.6 nm. The analytical method validation parameters linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness were studied according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Pure drug concentration was prepared in the range of 1-10 μg/ml and the linear regression analysis data showed good linear relationship with correlation coefficient value 0.9937. The precision of the method was studied as an intra- day, inter-day variations with value less than 2 % RSD. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 0.577 and 1.248 μg/ml, respectively. Recoveries were found to be in the range of 100.815 to 101.744 % and % RSD was less than 2 %. This proposed UV spectroscopic method is simple and suitable for routine analysis.

Keywords: Keywords: Agomelatine, Validation, UV Spectrophotometric method
Comparing the Electromyography Activity of Core Muscles During Side Plank Exercise on Stable and Unstable Surfaces
Authors:   Department of Corrective Exercises and Sport Injury, Faculty of Physical Education, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran., Babakhani Farideh
Published: February 2021

Objective Numerous abdominal exercises with Swiss ball are used to improve core stability with strengthening and rehabilitation goals. It is claimed that the stability exercises have a greater impact on core muscle activation, but the validity of this claim is still in doubt. Moreover, there is no comprehensive study on the comparison of the core muscles activity in different core stability exercises. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the Electromyography (EMG) activity of core muscles while performing side plank on stable and unstable (Swiss ball) surfaces. Methods Fifteen male students of Allameh Tabataba’i University were selected for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The EMG activity of gluteus medius, rectus abdominis, external oblique, and internal oblique muscles in subjects was recorded while performing side plank exercise on a fixed surface and a Swiss ball (2 sets of 5 seconds with a 30-second rest interval). Results There was a significant difference in the EMG activity of gluteus medius, external oblique and rectus abdominis muscles between two conditions of with and without Swiss ball (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the EMG activity of internal oblique muscle (P>0.05). Conclusion Side plank exercise on the unstable surfaces (Swiss balls) can cause changes in the EMG activity of gluteus medius, rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles compared to when the exercise is performed on stable surfaces, and highly involved the pelvic lumbar muscles effective in maintaining core stability. Therefore, the use of side plank exercise on unstable conditions in a progressive program with gradually increased intensity is recommended which can be effective in strengthening and applying effective muscle contractions useful for core stability.
Effect of Eight Weeks Plyometric Training on Some Kinematic Parameters, Horizontal Jumping Power, Agility, and Body Composition in Elite Parkour Athletes
Authors:   Department of Sport Biomechanics and Corrective Exercise, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Daneshjoo Abdolrasoul , Raeisi Soudabeh ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: A high correlation between lower limb explosive power and muscular strength, production of high power levels in the shortest time, and high level of agility are essential to achieve optimal performance in Parkour. It seems that polymetric exercises can make it possible to achieve the highest performance. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week plyometric exercise program on knee kinematic parameters, body composition, agility and horizontal jumping power of Parkour athletes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, 20 elite Parkour athletes aged 19-26 years were selected and randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=10) and control (n=10). The exercise group carried out the program for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each for one hour. Before and after exercise, measurements of kinematic parameters of knee, agility, and horizontal jumping power, and body composition in subjects were performed. The collected data were analyzed using t-test considering a significant level of P≤0.05. Results: Plyometric exercise for eight weeks had a significant effect on knee kinematic parameters of Parkour athletes (P=0.003) and significantly improved their horizontal jump, agility and reduced body fat percentage (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Plyometric exercise can significantly improve kinematic parameters of the knee, increase the jumping power and agility, and reduce body fat percentage in Parkour athletes; however, since Parkour movements are very similar to plyometric exercises, more study is needed.
Effect of Eight Weeks of 11+ Training on Functional Movement Screening Test Scores in Female Futsal Players
Authors:   Department of Sport Pathology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Physical Education, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran., Kiani Sheikhabadi Akram , Mahdavinejad Reza ,   Department of Sport Pathology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Sport Science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran., Rahnma Nader ,   Department of Sport Pathology and Corrective Movements, Faculty of Sport Science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of an 8-week 11+ exercise program on seven test scores of Functional Movement Screening (FMS) in female futsal players. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 48 female futsal players who were selected using purposive and convenience sampling methods and randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=36; Mean±SD age=23.3±2.8 years; Mean±SD height=164.94±4.93 cm; Mean±SD weight=63.58±6.35 kg) and control (n=12; Mean±SD age=23.08±2.74 years; Mean±SD height=165.42±5.08 cm; Mean±SD weight=62.83±6.10 kg). Seven FMS tests were carried out before and after implementation of the 11+ exercise protocol for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week each for 20 minutes. For analyzing the data, repeated-measures ANOVA was used considering a significant level of P≤0.05. Results: The 11+ exercise program had a significant interaction effect on the scores of deep squat (F(1.46)=6.07; P=0.01), hurdle step (F(1.46)=4.98; P=0.03), and in-line lunge (F(1.46)=11.63; P=0.001) in subjects, but had no significant effect on their shoulder mobility (F(1.46)=2.19; P=0.14), active straight-leg raise (F(1.46)=2.003; P=0.16), trunk stability push-up (F(1.46)=1.09; P=0.30), and rotary stability (F(1.46)=0.20; P=0.20). Conclusion: It seems that the 11+ exercise program was effective in improving the FMS scores of female futsal players. It can be used by coaches and corrective exercises experts as a training method for injury prevention before training in female futsal players.
Investigation of the Functional Balance in Children With Sensory Impairment Aged 6 to 14 Years Old
Authors:   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Daneshmandi Hassan , Alyarnezhad Chiman َ ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Objective: The balance of human body is maintained by a complex process involving visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. Since the postural control require information from all of these three sensory systems to maintain optimal postural stability, lack of information in one system may affect body sway during maintaining balance .The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional balance in boys with severe-to-profound vision and hearing impairments aged 6-14 years. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 30 visually-impaired, 30 hearing-impaired and 30 healthy boys who were selected by purposive sampling method. The Timed Up and Go Test was used for functional balance assessment. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe’s post hoc test were used to analyze data in SPSS V. 20 software, considering the significance level at P≤0.05 Results: Functional balance was significantly different in visually-impaired, hearing-impaired and healthy boys (P=0001) where it was poorer in visually-impaired boys compared to visually-impaired and healthy groups (P=0.000). There was no significant difference between hearing-impaired and healthy boys (P=0.001 ). Conclusion: It seems that vision and hearing impairments can reduce functional balance in boys. Visually-impaired boys have poorer balance than the hearing-impaired and healthy boys.
Evaluation of Factor Structure of the Persian Scale of Coping With Carver Shortened Stress
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Hashemian Moghadam Azam , Agha Mohammadian Sharbaf Hamid Reza ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., AbdeKhodaei Mohammad Saeid ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran., Kareshki Hossein ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Coping with stress is one of the most important research areas in health psychology. Researching in this regard requires a tool with strong psychometric properties and validation in Iranian culture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most commonly used short-scale factor structure, the Carver’s Brief Cope. Methods & Materials: This study was a cross-sectional and methodological study of test type. The statistical population consisted of all students studying at Birjand University in 1977-98. Sampling was available by the method. The condition for entry into the study was the experience of a stressor for at least 6 months. After receiving a medium or high score on the perceived stress level, 629 students completed the 28-question form. Data was analyzed using SPSS V. 15 and laser software V. 8.8. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the factor structure of the questionnaire. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirming the factors. Reliability was established through retesting and internal consistency. Ethical Considerations: This study is part of a PhD. thesis, registered (Code: IR.UM.REC. 3/50099) at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Before entering the study, an informed consent was obtained from the subjects. Results: After confirming the face and content validity quantitatively and qualitatively, the exploratory factor analysis results after varimax rotation showed 55.139% of the total variance explained by the first eight factors with a higher than one specific value. However, in confirmatory factor analysis, the first two factors, 4 and 7, were omitted due to insufficient power to explain the present variables. Finally, the goodness-of-fit indices of the RMFIA, PFI, GFI, IFI, IFI, CFI, AGFI confirmed the fit of the six-factor structure with the data. Reliability of the instrument was also confirmed by internal consistency (α=0.73) and test-retest reliability (r=0.59). Conclusion: The highly abbreviated 6-item form of Carver’s Brief Cope showed good validity and reliability in the student sample and can be used in health psychology studies.
Melatih Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek dalam Mempersiapkan Tenaga Kerja untuk Menghadapi Kompetisi Global
Authors: Munib Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Often we find the fact that skills gaps begin with the basic idea that many jobs exist, but skilled workers do not. The relationship exists between labor readiness, business and industrial development, and educational institutions have been around for a long time. However, this relationship cannot refute the fact that prospective employees are not ready to enter the workplace in the future. The Law of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the national education system addresses the importance of training in creative thinking skills by stating that the education system must develop the potential of students to be religious, respectful, well-educated, and competent in thinking creatively, independently, democratically, and responsibly. While empirical studies show that Indonesian students have unsatisfactory creative thinking skills. This study aims to describe how to train Creative Thinking Skills through project-based learning in preparing the Workforce to face global competition. From the results of the discussion it was concluded: 1) The government needs to be more serious in entering tertiary education and setting targets for maximum workforce readiness. 2) Educational institutions in their learning activities need to improve their mastery of high-level thinking skills in determining their educational success by improving high-level cognitive functions (metacognition, metamemory and metacomprehension, or assessing the truth of one's own memories; solving problems, or taking appropriate steps when dealing with unknown things, and think critically, or evaluate the quality of ideas). 3) For most educators today who are well connected and driven by technology, the mastery of technology literacy in education is still lacking, therefore mastery of technology literacy needs to be improved at the level of the teachers in this country. 4) Potential to integrate Project Based Learning (PBL) in the classroom to improve students' soft skills which in turn will ensure greater results for them in the future. To achieve that, their soft skills need to be improved by using the PBL approach. This approach is relevant to the concept of 21st century learning, especially in education.
Cancer Risk Assessment of Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography Examination at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital
Authors: Sackey T. A. , Schandorf C. , Fletcher J. J. , Mensah Y. B. , Shirazu I. , Akyea-Larbi K. O. , Tiburu E. K. , Odonkor S. T.
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study is to estimate the effective dose and assess the lifetime attributable risk of cancer incidence of patients undergoing computed tomography scan at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Data on Volume CT Dose Index ( ) and Dose Length Product ( ) displayed on the scanner control console was recorded after confirmation of the results by performing independent checks on a phantom. The effective doses were estimated using the  displayed and the anatomic region specific conversion factors ( ). The average effective dose for the head, abdomen, chest, neck, and pelvis were 3.63± 2.39mSv, 15.37±8.49 mSv, 12.72 ± 13.97 mSv, 4.04 ± 1.47 mSv and 15.8 ± 3.59 mSv respectively. Effective doses for the head and neck were within the typical range of (1-10mSv) for CT examinations whilst abdomen, chest and pelvis were above 10mSv. The average life attributable risk of cancer incidence for each region of examination were determined from the effective dose, sex and age using  the model proposed in BEIR VII Report . The average cancer risk incidence for head, neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis examinations were low in the range 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 1,000. There were wide variations in the effective dose values obtained for the same region under examination. This trend calls for the optimization of CT examination protocols to be established to ensure that patient doses are as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account especially for chest examinations.
Close-kin marriage – An injustice to forthcoming generations
Authors: Joybell C Chrishantha , Kumar M Kawin
Published: February 2021

Consanguineous marriage is the union between two individuals who are related as second cousins or closer and who have a common ancestor. There are various contributing factors to these marriages, namely, economic, cultural, social factors, and cultural isolation. Many societies nowadays do not allow marriages between close relatives, perhaps as a result of observations on the progeny of consanguineous marriages and the fear of unhealthy offsprings. This review article mainly intends to throw light on the genetic abnormalities caused by consanguineous marriages. It aspires to reveal the mystery behind the uncut diamonds sparkling as healthy children.
Evaluation of errors during different phases of coronavirus disease 2019 TrueNat testing in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Goyal Nisha , Sharma Abha , Loomba Poonam , Mishra B , Thakur Archana
Published: February 2021

Background: Although diagnostic errors have always significantly attributed to clinical and economical losses, now in the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the impact of these errors has unquestionably increased multifold. In the present scenario, reporting of false-negative or false-positive test results may adversely affect the public health measures and government restrictive policies, established for the containment of COVID-19 in addition to enhancing the individual suffering and economic burden. The only way to reduce errors in various phases of COVID-19 testing is to evaluate them thoroughly and subsequently follow them up with effective corrective actions. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at a tertiary care center, approved by Indian Council of Medical Research for COVID-19 TrueNat testing. Information regarding errors and subsequent corrective actions in preanalytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of TrueNat testing for COVID-19 were collected. Results: A total of 112 testing errors were observed in the TrueNat testing of 1108 samples during the study duration. Around 58.93% errors occurred in the preanalytical phase of TrueNat testing, followed by 39.29% and 1.79% errors in the analytical phase and post-analytical phases, respectively. Poor quality samples constituted the predominant cause of error in the preanalytical phase. Conclusion: Delivery of accurate results is of paramount importance in this COVID-19 pandemic. A thorough analysis of the various phases of COVID-19 testing will help identify and understand the errors and implement effective corrective actions.
An unusual presentation of human immunodeficiency virus and dengue coinfection
Authors: Dutta Meghna , Chatterjee Suddhasatwya
Published: February 2021

The global incidence of dengue has grown dramatically in recent decades, with around half of the world’s population currently at risk. Despite an overlapping epidemiology, limited data are available on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and dengue coinfection. Some reported evidence suggests that the patients with HIV infection are more at risk of a severe dengue outcome, while other reports suggest a transitory inhibition of the HIV-1 viral load, as well as a benign clinical progression of dengue. Our case is of a 44-year-old HIV-infected obese gentleman with typical features of dengue infection. He was closely monitored and his clinical profile was thoroughly studied during in-hospital stay and post-discharge. However, further research is required to comprehend the pathology, as well as the clinical course of these coinfections.
Primary malignant melanoma of small intestine – A rare case report
Authors: Palak Patel  , Prashant Parikh  , Bhavna Mehta  , Rahul Yadav  , Rutvik Raval  , Sandip Shah  , Mandava Rao
Published: February 2021

Primary malignant melanoma of the intestine is an extremely rare lesion that may arise from large bowel. Hereby, we report a case of a 35-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain of 1 month duration. On positron emission tomography-computed tomography, a hypermetabolic mass observed in the pelvic ileal loop with no lesions elsewhere in the body. The surgically excised specimen was diagnosed as primary small intestinal melanoma by histopathological examination, which was further confirmed by the presence of melanoma markers, that is, Melan-A, HMB45, and S100 protein.
Continuous Skin-to-skin Care Assists Breastfeeding Mothers to Adapt to Sleep Patterns of Night feeds: A Case–control Follow-up Study
Authors: Azza Abul-Fadl  , Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh  , Mohammed Khaled Ghalia  , Rania E Abdelatey  , Ayman Abouelnour  , Mohamed Abdel Hady
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Mothers suffer disturbed sleep caused by the nocturnal patterns of breastfeeding. Skin-to-skin care (SSC) between mothers and babies has known comforting effects on mother and baby. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the effect of daily practice of SSC in the 1st weeks after delivery in assisting mothers to adapt to the sleep patterns of her baby. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 90 breastfeeding mothers and their infants who were followed up from birth for 6 weeks. They were randomly divided into three groups: 30 performed SSC only at birth, 30 continued SSC on a daily basis, and 30 controls. Child development and weight gain were assessed at 6 weeks using Denver scale and maternal post-partum depression by the Beckwith depression tool. Sleep, activity, fatigue, appetite, health, and sex status were derived from the tool and correlated to parameters under study. Results: At 6 weeks, mother’s satisfaction with sleep, depression score, child’s weight gain, and development were significantly improved in the intervention group. Sleep correlated with activity, less fatigue (r0.5 at p=0.000), appetite (r0.4, p=0.001), and sex (r0.3, p=0.004) but not with maternal weight loss or health (p>0.05). Maternal sleep, activity, less fatigue, and appetite were positively correlated with child development at p=0.000, but not infants’ weight gain (p>0.05). Conclusions: Daily SSC in the early weeks can support adaptation of mother to her infant’s night feeds, promotes child growth and development and maternal well-being.
Incidence of periventricular leukomalacia in preterm very low birth neonates – A tertiary care experience
Authors: Mohd Irshad  , Saika Bashir  , Waseem Iqbal  , Mohd Ashraf
Published: February 2021

Background: The periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the most common white matter injury in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. It occurs due to ischemic injury to developing oligodendrocytes. It can be detected by cranial ultrasonography (CUS). Objective: The objective of the study was to find incidence of PVL in preterm VLBW babies and its correlation with gestational age, birth weight, and arterial blood PH. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 preterm low birth babies admitted in our neonatal intensive care unit over 1 year were included who met the inclusion criteria. All babies were subjected to CUS starting from the 1st week of their life and repeated weekly by trained radiologist to find changes suggestive of PVL till clinically indicated or normal scan on the 14th day of life. Results: Among 80 preterm low birth babies in our study, 54 (67.5%) were male and 26 (32.5%) were female. Three babies had gestational age of 30 weeks or less, 25 had gestational between 30 and 32 weeks, 35 had gestational age between 32 and 34 weeks, while 17 had gestational age more than 34 weeks. A total of 62 (77.5%) were born through normal vaginal delivery and 18 (22.5%) were born by cesarean section. The incidence of PVL was 2.5%. The most common change was periventricular flare. The incidence of PVL was more in extreme preterm and those with PH <7.2. The mortality was 50% in babies with PVL. Conclusion: The incidence of PVL in preterm low birth weight babies is 2.5% with a mortality of 50%. Prevention and early detection are the keys to mitigate the effects of this disastrous complication of prematurity.
A 25-Year Retrospective of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1972-1997
Authors:   United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Published: February 2021

This short retrospective begins by examining the early animal and plant health bureaus. For most of the 20th century, these bureaus operated independently of one another. Eventually, these animal and plant health functions were consolidated under the APHIS structure. The bulk of this report assesses APHIS’ development over the past 25 years, focusing on the eight APHIS administrators and their particular visions and goals. Also this report is intended to identify some of the outstanding issues and events that have contributed to the agency’s development. Identifying the organization’s roots and past accomplishments may help us move into the decade ahead with greater confidence about our basic organization, mission, and capabilities.
Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2005
Authors:   National Wildlife Research Center (U.S.)
Published: February 2021

The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) functions as the research arm of Wildlife Services (WS) by providing scientific information on the development of socially acceptable methods for wildlife damage management. NWRC has identified four strategic program goals: (1) developing methods, (2) providing wildlife services, (3) valuing and investing in people, and (4) enhancing information and communication. WS is dedicated to helping meet the wildlife damage management needs of the United States by building on NWRC's strengths in these four key areas. This annual research highlights report is structured around these programs goals.
2006 United States Animal Health Report
Authors:   United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Veterinary Services. Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health
Published: February 2021

This is the third such report that provides a wide-ranging review of the health of our Nation’s domestic animal resources. The report highlights significant epidemiologic events of 2006 and provides insight into the Nation’s animal health surveillance activities. In addition, the report presents an update on programs, both new and existing, that strive to maintain healthy livestock, poultry, and aquaculture populations.
2007 United States Animal Health Report
Authors:   United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Veterinary Services. Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health
Published: February 2021

The report includes updates on new and existing programs, conducted by APHIS’ Veterinary Services (VS) staff, that seek to maintain healthy livestock, poultry, and aquaculture populations. In addition, the report presents information about emergency management efforts, highlights key epidemiological events of 2007, and provides an overview of the Nation’s animal health surveillance activities.
Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2007
Authors:   National Wildlife Research Center (U.S.)
Published: February 2021

The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is a world leader in providing science-based solutions to complex issues of wildlife damage management. As the research arm of Wildlife Services (WS) program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, NWRC work with WS operational staff to provide Federal leadership and expertise to resolve wildlife conflicts related to agriculture, livestock, human health and safety (including wildlife diseases), invasive species, and threatened and endangered species. NWRC is committed to finding nonlethal solutions to reduce wildlife damage to agricultural crops, aquaculture, and natural resources. As part of WS' strategic plan to improve the coexistence of people and wildlife, NWRC has identified four strategic program goals: (1) developing methods, (2) providing wildlife services, (3) valuing and investing in people, and (4) enhancing information and communication. WS is dedicated to helping meet the wildlife damage management needs of the United States by building on NWRC's strengths in these four key areas. This annual research highlights report is structured around these programs goals.
2008 United States Animal Health Report
Authors:   United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Veterinary Services. Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health
Published: February 2021

This publication highlights APHIS Veterinary Services’ (VS) programs, events, and initiatives

aimed at maintaining healthy livestock, poultry, and aquaculture populations. In addition, the report reviews key epidemiological developments of 2008 and provides an overview of our animal health surveillance activities, as well as our emergency planning, preparedness, and monitoring efforts. This report also include an informative summary of the U.S. livestock, poultry, and aquaculture industries.
Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2009
Authors:   National Wildlife Research Center (U.S.)
Published: February 2021

As the research arm of Wildlife Services (WS) program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, NWRC develops methods and information to address human-wildlife conflicts related to agriculture, human health and safety, property damage, invasive species, and threatened and endangered species. NWRC is the only Federal research facility in the United States devoted entirely to the development of methods for effective wildlife damage management. NWRS's research authority comes from the Animal Damage Control Act of 1931.The Center is committed to helping resolve the ever-expanding and changing issues associated with human-wildlife conflicts management and remains well positioned to address new issues through proactive efforts and strategic planning activities.
Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2011
Authors:   National Wildlife Research Center (U.S.)
Published: February 2021

The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is the research arm of Wildlife Services, a program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). The mission of the NWRC is to apply scientific expertise to resolve human-wildlife conflicts while maintaining the quality of the environment shared with wildlife. NWRC develops methods and information to address human-wildlife conflicts related to: agriculture (crops, livestock, aquaculture, and timber), human health and safety (wildlife disease, aviation), property damage, invasive species, and threatened and endangered species. There four spotlights for 2011 show the depth and breadth of NWRC’s research expertise and its holistic approach to address today’s wildlife-related challenges.
Safeguarding through science: Center for Plant Health Science and Technology accomplishments, 2012
Authors:   United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs. Center for Plant Health Science and Technology
Published: February 2021

The Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) supports the regulatory decisions and operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program through methods development, scientific investigation, analyses, and technology. This annual report provides an informative overview of the Center’s accomplishments and projects.
Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2014
Authors:   National Wildlife Research Center (U.S.)
Published: February 2021

The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is the research arm of Wildlife Services (WS), a program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). NWRC’s researchers are dedicated to finding biologically sound, practical, and effective solutions to resolving wildlife damage management issues. They seek these solutions using a multiyear, multidisciplinary project management system. NWRC identifies and prioritizes projects based on feedback from WS program leaders, managers, and stakeholders concerning their most pressing wildlife damage management needs. During 2014, five research projects reached the end of their 5-year life cycle. At the final project reviews, project leaders and their staff presented and discussed each project’s accomplishments, challenges, and findings.
Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2015
Authors:   National Wildlife Research Center (U.S.)
Published: February 2021

The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is the research arm of Wildlife Services (WS), a program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). NWRC’s researchers are dedicated to finding biologically sound, practical, and effective solutions to resolving wildlife damage management issues. The following spotlights highlight the breadth and depth of NWRC’s research and support services expertise and its holistic approach to addressing today’s wildlife-related challenges.
Plant Protection and Quarantine: Recognizing Program Successes in 2015
Authors:   United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Published: February 2021

In many ways, 2015 was extraordinary for plant health protection. We had more new pest detections and saw higher numbers of pest outbreaks than in previous years, including the first-ever detection of old world bollworm in the continental United States and a record-setting 12 fruit fly outbreaks. The year 2015 was also an impressive year for agricultural trade. The value of U.S. agricultural exports exceeded the value of imports again, making the last 7 years the strongest period for American agricultural exports in the history of our country.
Blackbirds
Authors: Dolbeer Richard A. , Llnz George M.
Published: February 2021

The term blackbird loosely refers to a diverse group of about 10 species of North American birds that belong to the avian family Icteridae. The most common species include: Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus, Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), Great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus), Brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), Yellow-headed blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), Brewer’s blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus), and Rusty blackbird (Euphagus carolinus). They can cause damage to crops and fruits. Some of them may cause damage to livestock feed in feedlots and some of them may be a cause for concern in the future, due to the potential for disease transmission, with their expanding range. There is potential to amplify and spread disease to humans such as avian influenza although there is no evidence that this happened. Blackbirds are native migratory birds, and thus come under the jurisdiction of the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), a formal treaty with Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Russia. Blackbirds have federal protection in the U.S.
Cedar Waxwings
Authors: Avery Michael L. , Dufflney Anthony G.
Published: February 2021

The cedar waxwing is one of two waxwing species found in North America. The other species is the Bohemian waxwing. Both belong to the avian family Bombycillidae. Prevention and control of cedar waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) damage to small fruits such as blueberry, cherry, and strawberry is vexing to growers in many parts of the United States. Fully protected by the international Migratory Bird Treaty Act, waxwings cannot be taken without a depredation permit issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Double-crested Cormorants
Authors: Dorr Brian S. , Sullivan Kristi L. , Curtis Paul D. , Chipman Richard B. , McCullough Russell D.
Published: February 2021

The history of conflict between double-crested cormorants and human interest in fisheries is long and convoluted. Overall, double-crested cormorants are not major consumers of commercial and sportfish species. However, exceptions have been recorded at specific sites with documented impacts on local fisheries. Double-crested cormorants can have a significant impact on vegetation at breeding sites through normal nesting activities. Their guano is acidic and can change soil chemistry, killing ground vegetation and irreversibly damaging nest trees. Humans should avoid direct contact with excrement from wildlife, including droppings from cormorants. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has the primary responsibility and authority for managing migratory bird populations in the U.S. This publication will focus on the double-crested cormorant, which is the most numerous and widely dispersed of the species.
Monk Parakeets
Authors: Avery Michael L. , Lindsay James R.
Published: February 2021

Since their introduction to the United States in the 1960s, monk parakeets (Myiopsittamonachus) have thrived. Monk parakeets often construct nests on man-made structures, such as electric utility facilities and cell phone towers. Monk parakeets are non-native and not protected by the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Their status at the State level varies considerably─from no regulation to complete protection. Thus, it is best to consult with the appropriate local wildlife management agency before initiating any control efforts. The monk parakeet is a popular cage bird, and although imports from South America have ceased, many are available in the U.S. through captive breeding and from individuals who take young birds from nests.
Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2016
Authors:   National Wildlife Research Center (U.S.)
Published: February 2021

The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is the research arm of Wildlife Services, a program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). NWRC’s researchers are dedicated to finding biologically sound, practical, and effective solutions for resolving wildlife damage management issues. There are spotlights highlight the breadth and depth of NWRC’s research and support services expertise and its holistic approach to addressing today’s wildlife-related challenges.
Managing your risk: Weather and climate impacts on crop insurance. Fact sheet for the Southwest Climate Hub region.
Authors: Reyes Julian , Elias Emile , Eischens Andrew , Shilts Mark
Published: February 2021

A fact sheet produced by the USDA Southwest Climate Hub using publicly available crop insurance data from the USDA Risk Management Agency for Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah.
Wildlife Carcass Disposal
Authors: Vantassel Stephen M. , Klng Mark A.
Published: February 2021

Many wildlife management situations require the disposal of animal carcasses. These can include the lethal removal of wildlife to resolve damage or conflicts, as well as clean-up after mortalities caused by vehicle collisions, disease, oil spills or other natural disasters. Carcasses must be disposed of properly to protect public sensitivities, the environment, and public health. Improper disposal of carcasses can result in public outrage, site contamination, injury to animals and people, and the attraction of other animals that may lead to wildlife damage issues. Concern over ground water contamination and disease transmission from improper carcass disposal has resulted in increased regulation. Successful carcass disposal programs are cost-effective, environmentally sound, and protective of public health. In addition, disposal practices must demonstrate sensitivity to public perception while adhering to state and local guidelines. This publication discusses the range of options available for the responsible disposal of animal carcasses.