bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The specificity of paleocoenosis and a trophic structure of the Upper Ordovician Bol’shaya Kos’yu reef (Northern Urals)
Authors:   Institute of Geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Shmeleva L. A.
Published: December 2020

The study of the spatial-temporal and paleoecological structures of the paleocenoses of the Bolshaya Kosyu reef showed that the sphinctozoic sponges Amblysiphonelloides reticulata Rigby & Potter, 1986 and Corymbospongia sp. starting from the late Ordovician could settle in sublittoral environments with active hydrodynamics in close connection with cyanobacteria, which played a leading role in the functioning of the trophic structure of this ecosystem. Fossilized biofilms and glycocalyx, tubular and worm-like bacteriomorphs found on the surface of sponges are evidence of active participation of microbial organisms in the life of sphinctozoal sponges.
Specific minerals in bryozoan bioherms and polychaetian limestones (Kazanthip reserve, Crimea)
Authors:   Institute of Geology and Geochemistry UB RAS, Leonova L. V. , Antoshkina A. I. ,   Institute of Geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Simakova Yu. S. ,   Institute of Geology FRC Komi SC UB RAS
Published: December 2020

The object of our research is the Kazantip Cape (Kerch Peninsula, Crimea). Its attraction is a ring-shaped rock massif composed of bryozoans previously considered to be a reef structure growing on the limbs of rising brachyanticline about 8 million years ago. Application of complex of investigating methods show that clay deposits underlying bryozoan structure are composed of expandable mixed-layered minerals, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite, illite with accessory minerals (zircon, monazite, ilmenite). These clays are the result of eruption of fossilized analogue of mud volcano. This process was accompanied by unloading of cold gas-fluid seepage. Specific mineralization (barite, celestine, strontianite, authigenic minerals of rare-earth elements and manganese) of bryozoan’s bioherms indicates that the seep process continued even after the waning of mud volcanism.
Vacinação contra influenza no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19: relato de uma experiência e reflexões
Authors: Fumagalli Igor Henrique Teixeira , Sudré Graciano Almeida , Matumoto Silvia
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de pós-graduandos na campanha de vacinação contra a Influenza e refletir sobre os aspectos relacionados à aprendizagem que decorreram deste processo. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, de dois estudantes de um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem em Saúde Pública que participaram da primeira etapa da 22ª Campanha de Vacinação contra Influenza, voltada à população com 60 anos ou mais e aos profissionais de saúde. Resultados: A participação dos pós-graduandos, na campanha de vacinação contra Influenza, que também se estabeleceu como uma das estratégias de enfrentamento da pandemia por COVID19, possibilitou um olhar crítico-reflexivo e o reconhecimento dos limites e das potencialidades do sistema local de saúde. Experiências como essas são estimuladoras pela diversidade dos cenários de prática e por propiciarem a imersão em situações-problemas reais, estratégia que possibilita a consolidação da aprendizagem. Conclusão: Destacam-se os esforços e a parceria entre ensino e serviço, o que promove maior efetividade às atividades de atenção em saúde, como também impacto à formação do estudante, por meio da qualificação profissional, oportunizando desenvolvimento de atividades com uma equipe multiprofissional.
A terapia do riso como ferramenta de cuidado com a criança hospitalizada: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Beserra Rayane Alves , Nunes Michelle Darezzo Rodrigues , Cibreiros Sylvia Alves , Da Silva Liliane Faria , Dos Santos Ravini Do Santos Fernandes Vieira , De Araújo Barbara Bertolossi Marta
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Investigar, na literatura nacional e internacional, o uso da terapia do riso junto às crianças hospitalizadas. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura. As bases de dados pesquisadas foram MEDLINE®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO®, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Banco de Dados em Enfermagem – Bibliografia Brasileira e Índice Bibliográfico Español em Ciencias de la Salud. Os termos utilizados identificados nos Descritores em Ciência da Saúde e nos Medical Subject Headings foram “terapia do riso”, “criança”, “pré-escolar” e “criança hospitalizada”, além das palavras-chave “risoterapia”, “riso-terapia” e “riso terapia” em diferentes combinações. O recorte temporal foi de 10 anos, a partir de 2008. Resultados: A amostra final para a análise foi constituída de 17 artigos, que foram organizados em três categorias: Risoterapia como estratégia para a diminuição da dor, do desconforto e do sofrimento; A diminuição do medo, do estresse e da ansiedade com a risoterapia e O Impacto psicossocial da risoterapia na criança hospitalizada. Conclusão: Foi possível perceber benefícios da terapia que incluem diminuição da dor, do estresse e da ansiedade e mudanças emocionais e sociais. Salienta-se a importância da temática, por meio da qual é possível oferecer ao paciente pediátrico um cuidado integral e humanizado.
Vivência de profissionais de enfermagem no respeito aos direitos humanos nas relações de cuidado
Authors: Borges Tyciana Paolilo , Anjos Karla Ferraz dos , Ferraz Mariana Oliveira Antunes , Silva Joise Magarão Queiroz , Rosa Darci De Oliveira Santa , Sobrinho Carlito Lopes Nascimento
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Compreender como as profissionais de enfermagem vivenciam o respeito aos direitos humanos nas relações de cuidado. Método: Estudo fenomenológico, realizado com 11 profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam em um serviço de emergência. A coleta de dados ocorreu, por meio de entrevista, com análise a partir da configuração triádica humanístico-existencial-personalista. Resultados: o respeito aos direitos humanos nas relações de cuidado, vivenciado por profissionais de enfermagem, em unidade de emergência, foi descrito no acolhimento ao usuário, respeito, diálogo, cuidado integral, esforços para a garantia dos direitos, limites do cuidado e preconceitos nas relações. Conclusão: Desvelou-se a prática social das profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam em unidade de urgência, a partir de um fazer cotidiano, com respeito aos direitos humanos na busca da integralidade do cuidado aos usuários do serviço, mesmo ante os limites institucionais e inadequações estruturais e organizacionais do serviço.
A vivência do cuidado materno a uma lactente com epidermólise bolhosa
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Antonio da , Santos Renata Emily da Silva dos , Alencastro Lidiane Cristina da Silva , Mocheuti Karina Nonato , Pinheiro Thalison Fernandes , Bernardino Fabiane Blanco Silva
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Compreender o cuidado materno realizado a uma lactente com Epidermólise Bolhosa. Método: Estudo de caso único com abordagem qualitativa realizado com a mãe de uma lactente com seis meses de idade e diagnóstico clínico de Epidermólise Bolhosa. A recolha dos dados ocorreu em dois encontros em domicílio da participante por meio de entrevista em profundidade e observação. Empregou-se a análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. Resultados: A partir das vivências do cuidado materno empreendido a lactente, emergiram duas categorias temáticas: dificuldades enfrentadas no cuidado materno à lactente com Epidermólise Bolhosa e aspectos que fortalecem o cuidado materno à lactente com Epidermólise Bolhosa. Considerações finais: Os profissionais de saúde precisam proporcionar suporte e esclarecimentos à mãe e à família diante das dificuldades que porventura surgirem, bem como incentivar, valorizar e explorar os aspectos que fortalecem o cuidado materno nesse contexto de adoecimento crônico e raro.
Mulas e Mulheres no Brasil: uma questão de gênero, justiça e interseccionalidade
Authors: Duarte Joana das Flores
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to show how the association of women who act as mules in the drug market is not a matter of chance. It follows a literature review of theses and dissertations produced in the last decade (2006-2016) on women arrested for the crime of drug trafficking in the five regions of the country. One of the results obtained in the study was the imprisonment of most of these women as workers in the informal and illicit drug market working as mules. The intrinsic relationship between the capitalist mode of production and the justice system is noteworthy, in which the latter not only ensures the private right to property, but also creates selective and criminalizing mechanisms aimed at the poorest and deprived of rights segments in society, also consisting of women. All of this has been decisive for maintaining the selective character of the justice and penal system in Brazil, where philosophical foundations are continuously manifested, determining the imprisonment of people based on their condition of class, race, gender and the maintenance of violations of the right to citizenship.
Projection of the migration crisis in Europe on the political situation in Spain
Authors: Gadzhimuradova Gulnara I. , Kerimova Sofia R.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the consequences of the 2014-2016 migration crisis in Spain. Today the migration crisis in Europe is far from being resolved. Every day hundreds of people from Africa, Asia and America move here hoping for a better life. The Mediterranean route used by migrants passes through Spain. The country has faced a record increase in migration flows from African countries and has found itself in a difficult situation. On the one hand, the state protects migrants’ rights; on the other hand, the refugee influx and a sharp increase in the level of illegal migration have become destabilizing and dangerous factors in the country’s politics. Consequently, the European migration crisis affects the country’s political life and causes divisions and confrontations between various political parties and resentment among the native population. The authors make an attempt to show the political consequences of the migration collapse in Spain.
Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di MI
Authors: Novinsah Ahmad
Published: December 2020

There are two crucial things essence in the learning process. They are teachers and students. The teachers are the main actors in teaching, and students are the main actors in learning. Basically learning is a process of change, from not knowing to know, less good to be good through interaction between individuals and the environment. In school learning, the process is a continuous series of activities, planed, integrated which gives overall characteristics in the learning process. Skill and ways of teaching teachers in managing the learning process are called learning strategies. A teacher must design learning with the right strategy so that the material presented to students can be delivered maximally and please them. Whether or not the use of a particular strategy in learning depends on the goals, material, character of learners and teachers. So there is no specific strategy that is best and suitable for all learning situations and conditions. But it is the strategies that fit the learning needs. The characteristics of primary school children should be a special consideration in designing of learning strategies.
Urgensi Sejarah al-Qur’an dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Padli Erwin
Published: December 2020

This research is a literature review related to the history of the Qur'an, from history to history and bookkeeping. This study aims to examine the importance of the history of the Qur'an in Islamic education. Apart from being the main source of Muslim diversity, the Qur'an also contains education. In reality, it is not only the contents of the Qur'an that contain education but from the history of decline to the bookkeeping, there are educational values ​​that can be learned and can be applied. For example, the history of the Golden Islamic civilization is not from the Qur'an. The advances that have occurred are supported by a high understanding of the Qur'an. To produce civilization or thoughts that are directed to the benefit of humans. With the Koran breathing, the development of education and even Islamic civilization can reach its peak.
Analisis Proses Pembelajaran Berbasis Online masa Pandemi Covid-19 di SDIT Luqman Al-Hakim Sleman
Authors: Fauzi Wildan Nuril Ahmad
Published: December 2020

The research aims to analyze the online learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic in SDIT Luqman Al-Hakim Sleman. This research uses qualitative research with the type of case study.  Research to analyze the online learning process during pandemic Covid-19 in SDIT Luqman Al-Hakim Sleman. Data and data sources in this study have basic data and supporting data. The technique for data retrieval in this study is using interviews, then observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques conducted with data reduction, data presentation, and withdrawal of conclusions (verification). The results of the research of SDIT Luqman Al-Hakim in assisting teachers to prepare online-based learning, by providing subsidies in the form of Internet quota to each teacher, the school gives this help to see online learning requires Internet data, besides the school also provides the account of the school institution. Various distance learning media used is 1) WhatsApp, 2) Zoom Meeting, 3) Google Form, 4) Youtube
Rheotaxis Response Based on Sexual Dimorphism in the Green Swordtail Fish, Xiphophorus hellerii
Authors: Irsyad Abiyusfi Ghafari Muhammad , Fitrianti Vita
Published: December 2020

Morphological distinctions between males and females of a species are referred to by sexual dimorphism. It may result from various selection pressures affecting either sex or both and may occur in any dioecious species, including Green Swordtail fish, which are sexually reproductive. This study examined the different rheotaxis responses of Xiphophorus hellerii based on different sexes and morphological features. We analyzed ten adult males, ten gravid females, and ten non-gravid females of Xiphophorus helleri collected down the river and transferred into the column. We counted the number of the individual that performed positive rheotaxis (+), negative rheotaxis (-), and indifference response (0). The result showed different rheotaxis responses shown by male, non-gravid female, and gravid female X. hellerii. The highest percentage of positive rheotaxis response (movement against the current) was shown by non-gravid female X. hellerii, reaching up to 89%. Morphological differences between male, non-gravid female, and gravid female X. hellerii appear to affect the orientation and ability of X. hellerii in giving response against current and certainly has an impact on their survival in nature.
Assessment of physicochemical properties and comparison of the dissolution profile of amoxicillin caplets
Authors: Widiyasari Een , Sulaiman Teuku Nanda Saifullah
Published: December 2020

Background: Marketed drugs must meet the required standards to guarantee product quality. Amoxicillin is a generic compound marketed under various trademarks as copy drugs. Amoxicillin caplets are an immediate release dosage form of BCS class I. An essential aspect of evaluating copy drugs is to assess the equivalence for their treatment to the innovator drugs to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the circulating copy drugs. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties and compare the dissolution profile of amoxicillin caplets available in the market. Methods: Five amoxicillin caplet products, four test products, and one reference product were tested for their physicochemical properties and dissolution. The dissolution test was carried out with a type II device at a speed of 75 rpm in 900 mL of media buffered at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8 and at a temperature of 37 +/- 0.5degrees celcius. The dissolution profile was analyzed by comparing it with the similarity factor (f2) parameters. Results: Two of the four amoxicillin caplet products had a similar dissolution profile to the reference products, namely products A and B. Products C and D were dissimilar because f2 was lower than 50 at pH 4.5. The caplets tested had almost the same dimensions, and all caplets met the requirements for uniformity of content, hardness, disintegration time, and dissolution. Conclusion: Not all of the amoxicillin caplets in the market have a similar dissolution profile to the reference products. Keywords: caplets, amoxicillin, dissolution, similarity factor
Solid dispersion of quercetin-PVP K-30 and its effects on the antioxidant activity
Authors: Gayo Zahara , Lucida Henny , Zaini Erizal
Published: December 2020

Background: Quercetin (3,3’,4’,5,7-pentahydroxil-flavon) is a flavone and secondary metabolite known as flavonoid. Quercetin belongs to class II BCS that has low solubility and high permeability. The poor solubility of quercetin restricts the accessibility and bioavailability. Objectives: To increase the solubility, dissolution, and antioxidant activity in a solid dispersion system. Methods: Preparation of quersetin-PVP K-30 solid dispersion was conducted using the freeze-drying method at -96 degree C for 24 hours with a ratio of 1:1, 1:0.5, and 0.5:1 and a 1:1 physical mixture of quercetin-PVP K-30. The solid dispersion of quercetin-PVP K-30 was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, and FT-IR spectrophotometric analysis. Solubility test was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, dissolution test was done using a paddle-type dissolution tester, dissolved quercetin concentrations were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: SEM analysis showed the formation of quercetin-PVP K-30 solid dispersion using the freeze-drying method, and the form changed into anhydrate as seen from the XRD results with the presence of new crystalline peaks in solid dispersion, which were not seen in pure quercetin and PVP K-30. Quercetin-PVP K-30 solid dispersion could increase the solubility by 54-fold at a ratio of 0.5:1 with 94.36%±0.85 quercetin dissolved in 120 minutes. The formation of this solid dispersion affected the antioxidant activity which was observable from the IC50 value at the best ratio of 0.5:1 reaching 0.714 microgram/mL while the IC50 value of pure quercetin is 1.102 microgram/mL. Conclusion: The formation of quercetin solid dispersion could increase the solubility and dissolution and affect the antioxidant activity. Keywords: solid dispersion, freeze-drying, quercetin, antioxidant
An Evaluation of Medication Prescribing Patterns for Acute Migraine in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lim Jun Hua , Karimi Leila , Wijeratne Tissa
Published: December 2020

Migraine is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide [1,2]and patients with acute migraine frequently present to emergency departments (ED)[3]. The current literature suggests that ED treatment of migraine headache varies across institutions [4-7]. Considering this, we conducted a scoping review to summarize trends in medication prescribing patterns for acute migraine treatment in the ED setting. Trends were evaluated for factors influencing treatment choices, with particular attention placed on opioids and migraine specific therapy. This scoping review was based on the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework[8]and included studies published between 1 January 2000 until 31 May 2020. 14 publications met the inclusion criteria. The most common classes of medication prescribed were often anti-emetics or Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), but rates varied between studies. There was a concerning trend towards an underutilization of triptans and overutilization of opiates. The use of specific clinical goals of treatment (e.g. two-hour pain free freedom response) was also not evident. Additionally, 88% (n=8) of the 9 studies commenting on adherence to hospital or evidence-based guidelines stated that practices were non-adherent. Overall, the reviewed literature reveals treatment practices for acute migraine in the ED are heterogeneous and deviate from established international recommendations.
Mechanical Behaviors and Frost-Resistance of Alkali Activated Cement Concrete with Different Binder Systems
Authors: Tekle Biruk Hailu , Holschemacher Klaus , Löber Philipp , Heiden Björn
Published: December 2020

Concrete is the most commonly used construction material due to its various advantages, such as versatility, familiarity, strength and durability and it will continue to be in demand far into the future. However, with today’s sensitivity to the environmental protection, this material is facing unprecedented challenges due to its high greenhouse gas emission mainly during cement production. This paper investigates one of the promising cement replacement materials, alkali activated cement (AAC) concrete. Being produced mainly from byproduct materials and having a comparable structural performance to conventional concrete, AAC concrete has a potential to transform the construction industry. Mechanical properties such as compressive and flexural strength and the relationship between them are studied. Different source materials such as fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), silica fume (SF) and Metakaolin (MK) are used. The effect of the source materials and the activator solutions on the concrete performance is studied. Furthermore, the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete is studied. The results of the study showed that the behavior of AAC depends highly on the source material combinations as well as type used. The effect of the alkaline solution is also dependent on the source material used. Mixes with higher GGBS content in general showed the highest strength while mixes with MK showed the highest flexural strength. The results from the freeze-thaw test showed that proper design of AAC concrete with a lower water content is critical to achieve a good resistance.
Glycation of Plant Proteins via Maillard Reaction: Reaction Chemistry, Technofunctional Properties, and Potential Food Application
Authors: Kutzli Ines , Weiss Jochen , Gibis Monika
Published: December 2020

Plant proteins being considered to become the most important protein source of the future, they must be able to replace the animal-derived proteins currently in use as technofunctional food ingredients. This poses challenges because plant proteins are oftentimes storage proteins with a high molecular weight and low water solubility. One promising approach to overcome these limitations is the glycation of plant proteins. The covalent bonding between the proteins and different carbohydrates created via the initial stage of the Maillard reaction can improve the technofunctional characteristics of these proteins without the involvement of potentially toxic chemicals. However, compared to studies with animal-derived proteins, glycation studies on plant proteins are currently still underrepresented in literature. This review provides an overview of the existing studies on the glycation of the major groups of plant proteins with different carbohydrates using different preparation methods. Emphasis is put on the reaction conditions used for glycation as well as the modifications to physicochemical properties and technofunctionality. Different applications of these glycated plant proteins in emulsions, foams, films, and encapsulation systems are introduced. Another focus lies on the reaction chemistry of the Maillard reaction and ways to harness it for controlled glycation and to limit the formation of undesired advanced glycation products. Finally, challenges related to the controlled glycation of plant proteins to improve their properties are discussed.
Random Forest Algorithm for Mapping Deforestation in the Ituri-Epulu-Aru Landscape (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Authors: Masimo Kabuanga Joël , Mubenga Kankonda Onésime , Horning Ned , Saqalli Mehdi , Maestripieri Nicolas , Makanzu Imwangana Fils , Mané Landing
Published: December 2020

The evaluation of deforestation by optical remote sensing remains a challenge in the humid tropical region due to high cloud cover. This paper develops a simple and reproducible method for mapping deforestation of the old-growth forest using open access software. A map of old-growth forest depletion was created using composites from three different dates (2003, 2010, 2016). Four models were tested: the first model using spectral bands (nir, swir1, swir2 and red), the second model was based on the association of spectral bands and spectral indices (NDVI, B54R, NDWI and NBR), the third model was constructed using spectral bands and geomorphological indices (DEM, Slope and Roughness) and the last model combined spectral bands, spectral indices and geomorphological indices. The optimal random forest ntrees and Mtry parameters were determined for each model to optimize the mapping in each model. The out-of-bag error for these four models was 2.15 %, 2.05 %, 1.86 % and 1.85 %, respectively. The fourth model had the lowest error and was hence used to predict deforestation of the old-growth forest. The annual rates of deforestation amounted 0.26 % (69861 ha) and 0.66 % (145768 ha) between 2003 – 2010 and 2010 – 2016, respectively. The area of the old-growth forest in 2016 was 3601607 ha and 215629 ha of forest lost between 2003 and 2016. These results showed that the Random Forest Classification (RFC) model was able to effectively map the reduction of old-growth forests.
Cultivation of Medicinal Plants by Smallholder Farmers in South Africa: Constraints to Commercialization
Authors: Nwafor Christopher
Published: December 2020

South Africa has an abundant heritage of valuable indigenous plants with recognized medicinal value. The reported critical over-harvesting of wild populations is considered an urgent issue for biodiversity conservation. Growing demand for therapeutic products from indigenous medicinal plants have led to increased interest in its cultivation. Cultivation of these indigenous medicinal plants represent a viable option for improving smallholder farmers’ livelihoods, as well as sustaining the availability of these resources for future generations. Serious bottlenecks however exists for subsistent farmers in the cultivation of these valuable plants. It was pertinent to probe whether the cultivation of medicinal plants provide feasible solutions to rural poverty, while effectively conserving threatened indigenous biodiversity. The paper employed a comprehensive review of existing literature to explore relevant issues constraining smallholder farmers from involvement in a potentially lucrative medicinal plants value-chain. Findings indicate challenges such as inadequate domestication of valuable plants species, continued over-harvesting from wild populations, poor knowledge of required agronomic practices, low efficacy perception regarding derivatives from cultivated plants, among a multitude of others. These constraints exists alongside the conservation-oriented strategy driven by international conservation agencies and wholly adopted by the South African government. Recommendations to improve smallholder involvement in the cultivation of medicinal plants include support to research and extension, targeted inducement to smallholders, contracting and off-take agreements, aimed at promoting an alternative poverty-alleviation-focused economic development strategy. The review adds to the conceptual discourse related to plant diversity, resource conservation, poverty alleviation and economic development within the medicinal plants value-chain.
Nonlocal Reaction-Diffusion Models of Heterogeneous Wealth Distribution
Authors: Banerjee Malay , Petrovskii Sergei V. , Volpert Vitaly
Published: December 2020

Dynamics of human populations can be affected by various socio-economic factors through their influence on the natality and mortality rates, and on the migration intensity and directions. In this work we study an economic-demographic model which takes into account the dependence of the wealth production rate on the available resources. In the case of nonlocal consumption of resources the homogeneous in space wealth-population distribution is replaced by a periodic in space distribution for which the total wealth increases. For the global consumption of resources, if the wealth redistribution is small enough, then the homogeneous distribution is replaced by a heterogeneous one with a single wealth accumulation center. Thus, economic and demographic characteristics of nonlocal and global economies can be quite different in comparison with the local economy.
Study in vitro and in silico on effectiveness noni fruit extract (Morinda Citrifolia) to reducing hypertension
Authors: Hijriansyah La Ode Abdul Haris , Hermilasari Hermilasari , Subair Hardyanty , Irianto Irianto , Armyn Andi Alief Utama , Hakim Supartina
Published: December 2020

Hypertension is one of the major causes of stroke. Stroke can be prevented by controlling hypertension. Noni fruit proved to have antihypertensive effect. Noni Fruit contains scopoletin and xeronin compounds that play a role in antihypertensives. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of noni fruit extract to controlling hypertension. The research method used is pre-test and post-test matched control group. The 6 Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups consisting of 1 treatment group and 2 control groups. Group P1 was induced by using ketamine 0.05 ml + epinephrine 0.2 ml + 6 ml noni fruit extract, group K (-) induced by ketamine 0.05 ml + epinephrine 0.2 ml without extract, and group K (+) induced by using ketamine 0.05 ml + epinephrine 0.2 ml + captopril 2.5 mg. The results showed that epinephrine can be used as a hypertensive inducer. Noni fruit extract as much as 6ml can provide antihypertensive effects. In Vitro, test result showed that noni fruit extract can reduce blood pressure by an average decrease in blood pressure of 58,5 mmHg While captopril 25,5 mmHg. in addition to the in vitro test, the results of the in-silico test showed that the noni fruit extract can significantly reduce blood pressure compared to anti-hypertensive drugs (captopril). the value of scopoletin in noni fruit is -7.6. and captopril only -5.7.
Isolation of papain-soluble collagen from the skin of snake-head fish (Channa striata)
Authors: Ramli Andi Rahmayanti , Annisa Andi Rezky , Bahmid Nur Alim , Mustafa Muhammad Dalvi
Published: December 2020

Snake-head fish (Channa striata) skin categorized a byproduct contains a higher concentration of collagen. The collagen can be extracted by using protease, which is known as Papain Soluble Collagen (PaSC). This study aimed to isolate the collagen from the snake-head fish skin using papain. The yield percentage and moisture content of PaSC in the skin was determined. Measurements using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to characterize the PaSC and its functional groups. The results showed that the yields and moisture content of PaSC were 8.9% and 6.07%, respectively. The PaSC characterized by two α-chains appeared as collagen type I. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of PaSC confirmed a triple-helical structure of collagen. The results indicated that snake-head fish skin could be used as potential resources of collagen and papain can be used as an alternative affordable enzyme.
Workforce Classification in West Java 2018 With Random Forest
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad Safrian , Rizki Muh. , Rendi Rendy , Nurul Ria , Novitasari Tika , Nooraeni Rani
Published: December 2020

Pengangguran di Indonesia merupakan masalah yang serius. Tingginya angka pengangguran di Indonesia tersebut dikarenakan jumlah lapangan kerja yang tersedia tidak sebanding dengan jumlah angkatan kerja yang terus meningkat. Berdasarkan data BPS, Provinsi Jawa Barat sebagai penyumbang terbesar jumlah pengangguran di indonesia, dengan angka tingkat pengangguran terbuka sebesar 8,52 persen.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan klasifikasi penduduk angkatan kerja kedalam kelompok berstatus pengangguran atau bukan pengangguran (bekerja) di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2018 dengan metode random forest menggunakan pendekatan machine learning. Model random forest ini dibentuk dengan 80 persen dari data total atau sebanyak 16.059 data untuk data training dan 20 persen dari data total atau sebanyak 4.015 data untuk data testing. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Sakernas 2018 dan terdapat tujuh variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian, yaitu klasifikasi wilayah, jenis kelamin, umur, status perkawinan, tingkat pendidikan, pelatihan, dan pengalaman kerja. Dalam model random forest yang terbentuk, variabel status pernikahan dan tingkat pendidikan seseorang memiliki kontribusi besar dalam menentukan status pengangguran.
Spatio-Temporal Model of Rainfall Data Using Kalman Filter and Expectation-Maximization Algorithm
Authors: Amran Amran , Islami Muh. Idil , Jaya A. Kresna , Bakri Bambang
Published: December 2020

Location and time dimension data modeling, also known as spatial-temporal data, generally has high complexity. This study analyzes a spatial-temporal model of rainfall data and climate variables, namely temperature, and humidity. The complexity of the relationship between variables and parameters in the spatial-temporal model is simplified by a hierarchical approach. The parameter estimation of the ratio-temporal model uses the Kalman Filter approaches and the Expectation-Maximization (EM) method combined with the bootstrap method to calculate the standard error estimation. Implementation of the spatial-temporal model on rainfall data in South Sulawesi Province with temperature and humidity shows that there is a relationship between rainfall and temperature and humidity.
Stability Analysis of a Mathematical Model in Inflammatory Response System Due to SARS Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Wiraya Ario
Published: December 2020

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus infection in a human body indicated by cytokine response due to an inflammation. The purpose of this research is to construct and analyze a mathematical model of interaction between inflammatory pro-response and anti-response cytokine to predict the dynamic on inflammatory response system, so that the treatment can be optimized. The results obtained in this research describe some dynamics which happen on the cytokines, i.e. the disease-free equilibrium point is asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than one. In this condition, a patient with initial concentrations of the cytokines around the disease-free equilibrium point will be free of viral infection. The infection equilibrium point is asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is greater than one. In this condition, a patient with initial concentrations of the cytokines around the infection equilibrium point will be infected by the virus. Probability of a patient being free of viral infection can increase if the production rate of the cytokines are decreased or the degradation rate of the cytokines are increased.
Bicluster CC Algoritm Analysis to Identify Patterns of Food Insecurity in Indonesia
Authors: Novidianto Raditya , Irfani Rini
Published: December 2020

Indonesia is known as an agricultural country. This means that most of the population work in the agricultural sector related to food. However, food insecurity still occurs in Indonesia. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) stated that there was a threat of food scarcity which had an impact on food insecurity conditions. This would undermine the second goal of the SDGs, which is to end hunger and create sustainable agriculture. The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial pattern of food insecurity in each province in Indonesia using the bicluster method. The data used are data from Susenas and Sakernas by BPS in 2019. Several studies show that the bicluster method with the CC algorithm shows that each province group has a different characteristic pattern. In the bicluster approach, the researcher runs parameter tuning to select the best parameter based on the Mean Square Residual in Volume (MSR / V). The CC algorithm tries to get a bicluster with a low MSR value, therefore the best parameter is the one that produces the smallest MSR / V value, in this study the smallest MSR / V is 0,01737 with δ = 0,01. The application of the CC biclustering algorithm to the food insecurity structure in Indonesia results in 5 bicluster. Bicluster 1 consists of 15 provinces with 8 variables, Bicluster 2 consists of 10 provinces with 5 variables, Bicluster 3 consists of 3 provinces with 7 variables, Bicluster 4 consists of 4 provinces with 4 variables and Bicluster 5 consists of 2 provinces with 5 variables. Biculster 4 represents a cluster of food insecurity areas with the characteristics of the bicluster P0, P1, P2 and calorie consumption of less than 1400 KKAL.
Four Important Managerial Competencies For Middle Managers As Policy Drafter (A Study of ones of the ministries middle managers as policy drafter)
Authors: Zulkarnaen Danny , Madhakomala R. , Mukhtadi
Published: December 2020

This study is aimed to identified of important managerial competencies of middle managers as chairperson of the policy drafter through integrity, cooperation, communication, and goal orientation. This research was conducted qualitatively using the phenomenology method approach. Data was collected through questionnaires, observations, and in-depth interviews from selected respondents. The result shows a level of mastery, and most respondents agreed upon integrity (50%), cooperation (45%), communication (50%), and goal orientation (50%) are important managerial competencies as chairperson. The result of this study is useful for public service middle managers
Utilization of Rapid Diagnostic Testing in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Effects on HIV Prevention
Authors: Armstrong-Mensah Elizabeth , Tetteh Ato , Choi Seung
Published: December 2020

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global threat to health. To prevent and control the disease caused by the virus, developed and developing countries continue to invest heavily in research and equipment so as to accurately detect the virus. The utilization of highly sensitive and effective rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have the potential to detect HIV in high-burden countries, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Yet, in SSA, challenges associated with HIV-RDT result inaccuracy, HIV misdiagnosis, poor tester capacity, and the improper storage of HIV-RDT kits have negatively impacted the benefits, and threaten to undermine HIV prevention. This paper focuses on the utilization of RDTs in HIV diagnosis in SSA, HIV-RDT challenges, and the effects of HIV-RDT challenges on HIV prevention. Subsequent to reviewing available literature, the authors found that although HIV-RDTs can negatively impact HIVprevention efforts in SSA due to the likelihood of false positive HIV diagnoses, they generally provide quick results for people in resource poor settings, and do not require them to return to the testing sites to obtain their results. Obtaining accurate rapid HIV results means people who test positive can immediately seek care and take steps to prevent future transmission of the virus.
Key words: • HIV • Rapid HIV testing • HIV prevention • Sub-Saharan Africa
Copyright © 2020 Armstrong-Mensah et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Trends and Social Inequalities in Maternal Mortality in the United States, 1969-2018
Authors: Singh Gopal K.
Published: December 2020

Background: Despite the previous long-term decline and a recent increase in maternal mortality, detailed social inequalities in maternal mortality in the United States (US) have not been analyzed. This study examines trends and inequalities in US maternal mortality by maternal race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, nativity/immigrant status, marital status, area deprivation, urbanization level, and cause of death.
Methods: National vital statistics data from 1969 to 2018 were used to compute maternal mortality rates by sociodemographic factors. Mortality trends by deprivation level were analyzed by using censusbased deprivation indices. Rate ratios and log-linear regression were used to model mortality trends and differentials.
Results: Maternal mortality declined by 68% between 1969 and 1998. However, there was a recent upturn in maternal mortality, with the rate increasing from 9.9 deaths/100,000 live births in 1999 to 17.4 in 2018. The large racial disparity persisted over time; Black women in 2018 had a 2.4 times higher risk of maternal mortality than White women. During 2013-2017, the rate varied from 7.0 for Chinese women to 42.0 for non-Hispanic Black women. Unmarried status, US-born status, lower education, and rural residence were associated with 50-114% higher maternal mortality risks. Mothers in the most-deprived areas had a 120% higher risk of mortality than those in the most-affluent areas; both absolute and relative disparities in mortality by deprivation level widened between 2002 and 2018. Hemorrhage, pregnancy-related hypertension, embolism, infection, and chronic conditions were the leading causes of maternal death, with 31% of the deaths attributable to indirect obstetric causes.
Conclusions and Global Health Implications: Despite the steep long-term decline in US maternal mortality, substantial racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and rural-urban disparities remain. Monitoring disparities according to underlying social determinants is key to reducing maternal mortality as they give rise to inequalities in social conditions and health-risk factors that lead to maternal morbidity and mortality.
Key words: Maternal mortality • Socioeconomic status • Deprivation • Race/ethnicity • Rural-urban • Disparities • Cause of death • Trend.
Copyright © 2021 Singh. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Trends and Racial/Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Disparities in Maternal Mortality from Indirect Obstetric Causes in the United States, 1999-2017
Authors: Singh Gopal K. , Lee Hyunjung
Published: December 2020

Background:

This study examines trends and inequalities in US maternal mortality from indirect obstetric causes (ICD-10 codes: O98-O99) and specific chronic conditions by maternal race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, nativity/immigrant status, marital status, place and region of residence, and cause of death.

Methods:

National vital statistics data from 1999 to 2017 were used to compute maternal mortality rates by sociodemographic factors. Rate ratios and log-linear regression were used to model mortality trends and differentials.

Results:

During 1999-2017, maternal mortality from indirect causes showed an upward trend; the annual rates increased by 11.2% for the overall population, 12.9% for non-Hispanic Whites, and 9.4% for non-Hispanic Blacks. The proportion of all maternal deaths due to indirect causes increased from 12.0% in 1999 to 26.9% in 2017. Maternal mortality from CVD increased sharply over time, from 0.40/100,000 live births in 1999 to 1.82 in 2017. During 2013-2017, compared to non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks had 83% higher, Hispanics 51% lower, and Asian/Pacific Islanders 55% lower mortality from indirect causes. Non-Hispanic White women with <12 years of education had 4.4 times higher mortality than those with a college degree. Unmarried, US-born, and women living in rural areas and deprived areas had 90%, 80%, 60%, and 97% higher maternal mortality risks than married, immigrant, and women in urban areas and affluent areas, respectively. Maternal mortality from infectious diseases, including HIV, was 4.1 times greater and from respiratory diseases 2.9 greater among non-Hispanic Black women compared to non-Hispanic White women.

Conclusions and Global Health Implications:

While maternal mortality from direct obstetric causes has declined during the past two decades, maternal deaths due to indirect causes, particularly from pre-existing medical conditions, including CVD and metabolic disorders, have increased. Understanding complex interactions among social determinants, indirect causes, and proximate/direct causes is important to reducing maternal mortality and improving maternal health.
Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among persons with diabetes in Kampala, Uganda: A cross sectional study
Authors: SIFA MAKI , ISUNJU JONH BOSCO , KAISHUSHA DAVID , MUNEZA FISTON , SSEMANDA SYLVESTER , TUMWESIGYE NAZARIUS
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe prevalence of Diabetes has been rising more rapidly in middle and low-income countries. In Africa, World Health Organization projections anticipate Diabetes Mellitus to be the seventh leading cause of death in 2030. Alcohol consumption intervene mainly in diabetes evolution, in such a way that it can interfere with self-care behaviors which are important determinants of diabetes prognosis. In this study, we evaluate factors associated with alcohol consumption among persons with Diabetes in Kampala so as to inform management policies and improve comprehensive diabetes care.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted systematically among 290 adults with diabetes, attending diabetic clinics at Mulago National Referral hospital and St Francis hospital Nsambya. Data was entered and analyzed in the EPI-INFO version 7 and STATA 13 software. Modified Poisson regression was used to identify factors associated with alcohol consumption among persons with diabetes. All tests were two-sided and the significance level for all the analyses was set to p < 0.05.Results23.45% of persons with Diabetes are taking alcohol [95%CI: 18.9–28.7%]. Of these, 11.3% [95%CI: 8.1–15.6%] consumed alcohol hazardously last year due to stress (58.8%). Divorced, separated and Widow patients (Adj PR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21–0.83), Protestant (Adj PR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.24–0.82); Muslim (Adj PR: 0.30%CI: 0.14–0.62); and Pentecostal (Adj PR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.15–0.65) were less likely to consume alcohol. Diabetic patients who spend more than five years with diabetes were more likely to consume alcohol (Adj PR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.25–2.88)ConclusionThe prevalence of alcohol consumption among persons with Diabetes in Kampala is high. The majority of persons with Diabetes consume alcohol hazardously due to stress. Having spent less than five years with diabetes, being widow, Protestant, Muslim and Pentecostal are associated with less consumption of alcohol. Regular screening for stress must be done among persons with Diabetes and affected individuals should be supported to reduce their stress. Sensitization message regarding alcohol consumption among persons with Diabetes should be targeting never married patients and patients who have spent more than five years with diabetes; also religion should be considered as an important avenue for health education in the community.