bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on change theory and community-based participatory action research: Congruent, similar or different?
Authors: Asirifi Mary Asor , Ogilvie Linda , Barton Sylvia , Bilash Olenka , Stobart Kent , Aniteye Patience , Kwashie Atswei , Ansong Gloria , Eliason Cecilia , Aziato Lydia
Published: October 2021

While change is acknowledged as integral to all action research, literature linking the theories of change theoretically merits exploration. Are some theories of change more congruent to principles of action research than others? Does congruence depend on which type of action research and which change theory are being compared? During the implementation of a four-cycle community-based participatory action research (CBPR) project in nursing education in Ghana, such questions arose. This paper is an attempt to grapple with those questions. While Kotter’s eight-step theory of organizational change was chosen to guide this study, it became obvious that various elements of change theories were integrated in the study as it progressed. For Kotter’s organizational change theory to serve as an effective guide for the implementation cycles in the CBPR project, it must be conducted through the lens of critical social theory and a perspective on social and cultural change.
Aplikasi Penyembunyian Data Rahasia Ke Citra Digital dengan menggunakan Metode Rivest Shamir Adleman dan Least Significant Bit
Authors: Zalukhu Feliso
Published: October 2021

Steganography is the science of art and science to make hidden messages in a certain way so that other people besides the sender and recipient will realize there is a hidden message. Cryptography is science and art to learn about processing and securing messages safely. This study will discuss the combination of the Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) and Least Significant Bit (LSB) methods on how to hide a secret message in a digital image. A text message before being inserted into a digital image is first encrypted with the RSA Algorithm, the results of the encryption are inserted digital imagery with LSB Algorithm. The length of the text message depends on the size of the container media. Applications designed using Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 also provide interfaces for generating randomly needed keys. Applications can be used to hide secret messages in digital images where the color changes of input images with results are not clearly visible.
Aplikasi Pembelajaran IPA Tentang Fauna Model Game untuk Sekolah Dasar dengan Metode Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
Authors: Manik Edli Rumiar , Limbong Tonni
Published: October 2021

Learning in an educational institution is considered as the initial stage of the formation of identity or the basic process of education, especially in primary schools. At this time students experience educational and learning process activities should be very fun in practicing the catchment of students. For this reason, it is necessary to make a media for introducing fauna recognition game models that are available in science subjects in grade 3 elementary school. This game is a learning game with fauna introduction, fauna needs and fauna grouping. The computer is one of the tools and is a technology product that is considered to have the ability to produce learning products that are integrated with CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction), CAI has many types for the learning process including drill and practice, simulation, tutorials, and games that have been developed. In this study, learning applications were made that apply one of the CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) methods in the form of games to increase students' interest in learning. With the help of adobe flash professional CS6 software, the application in this study was created. It is hoped that the application of the learning model of natural science games with the CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) method can help the learning process and understanding of the material.
Klasifikasi Berbagai Jenis Jamur Layak Konsumsi dengan Metode Backpropagation
Authors: Hanseliani Ruth , Adi Cyprianus Kuntoro
Published: October 2021

Mushrooms are a potential source of vegetable food around us. But there are difficulties in recognizing different types of mushrooms worthy of consumption because they have similarities when viewed visually. This study aims to determine the accuracy of the backpropagation method in classifying various types of mushrooms suitable for consumption automatically. The steps taken begin with data capture, initial processing, feature extraction and classification. The data used are images of six types of mushrooms worthy of consumption including button mushrooms, ears, straws, portabella, shitake, and ash oysters. Total data used 222 mushroom data, each type consists of 37 image data. The data sharing is 216 data as training data and testing data, and 6 data are used for single data test. The initial processing stages are grayscalling, adjustment, binaryization, noise reduction and resizing. Feature extraction is done to obtain color characteristics (RGB and HSI) and texture characteristics (texture statistics and gray level co-occurrence matrices). The test results obtained an accuracy of 97%.
A Functional Approach to Translating Greek Conditionals
Authors: Entz J.
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a paradigm shift in how the conditional clauses of the Greek New Testament are treated in Bible translation and Bible translation resources. The current resources do not provide enough information on the pragmatics of conditional constructions for translation teams to find the appropriate rendering in the receptor language. In order to translate these constructions in a clear, accurate, and natural way, translators should investigate the functional elements of each New Testament conditional, such as the illocutionary force, presented probability, and topicality.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM LEARNING TERHADAP BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PPKn
Authors: Ahmad Yanuar Syauki  , Muhtaji  , Iroh Napiroh
Published: October 2021

Pendidikan dapat  diartikan sebagai suatu proses atau aktivitas yang bertujuan agar tingkah laku manusia yang mengalami Pendidikan terjadi perubahan-perubahan. Belakangan ini Pendidikan telah banyak melakukan perbaharuan atau inovasi Pendidikan. Inovasi Pendidikan yang terjadi dalam bidang Pendidikan tersebut, antara lain adalah dalam management Pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Peningkatkan berpikir kritis siswa. Peneltian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan ( Library Research ), Pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan Paper dari Journal Ilmiah, Thesis dan Desertasi, Paper dari conference, Skripsi terdahulu dan buku textbook.  Hasil analisis data secara klasikal menunjukan peningkatan dari yang terendah 6,18% sampai dengan yang tertinggi 16,3% dengan rata-rata 34,08%. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran quantum learning sebelum menggunakam model pembelajaran quantum learning yaitu 70,04% dan sesudah menggunakan model pembelajaran quantum learning meningkat menjadi 81,55%. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran quantum learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan berpikir kritis siswa pada mata pelajaran PPKn
Oral Versus Written Feedback: Attitudes of Female Saudi University Students
Authors: Alzamil Jwahir
Published: October 2021

Oral and written feedback have been found to be useful in learning English as a Second Language (L2). Yet it is not clear what form of feedback L2 learners prefer. This study therefore investigated 47 Saudi female university students’ attitudes to both oral and written feedback. The data was collected by an online questionnaire consisting of three constructs: a) attitudes to written feedback; b) attitudes to oral feedback; and c) attitudes to written versus oral feedback. In terms of the first, the results showed that most participants expressed positive attitudes to written feedback, which they would be happy to receive on all the mistakes they make in their writing. Most participants were also positive about oral feedback and wanted their teacher to correct all their speaking errors, including errors of grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary. However, participants did not want to be corrected in front of other students as this could make them nervous. Overall, most participants agreed that oral feedback helped them improve their English skills more than written feedback. But despite such a positive attitude, most participants still found oral feedback embarrassing. Knowing students’ perceptions of corrective feedback (CF) is vital, because negative attitudes to feedback could harm the language learning process.
Creating Core Competencies and Workload-Based Key Outcome Indicators of University Lecturers’ Performance Assessment: Functional Analysis
Authors: Nongna Chatchawan , Junpeng Putcharee , Hong-ngam Jongrak , Podjana Chalunda , Tang Keow Ngang
Published: October 2021

This research aims to create and validate the quality of performance assessment using functional analysis. The researchers employed a design-based research method to create core competencies and their workload-based key outcome indicators as a preliminary study encompassing two phases, before formulating a standards-setting appraisal model to assess university lecturers in a public university, Thailand. The researchers began with documentary research to identify core competencies of university lecturers from three clusters of educational programs, namely science and technology, health science, and humanities and social sciences. An innovative prototype of university lecturers’ core competencies was developed based on the obtained results from the first phase. A total of five experts and 17 users participated to validate the quality of the innovative prototype. The preliminary results reveal that there are four core competencies of university lecturers, namely teaching, research, academic service, and preserving arts and culture. Moreover, there are 13 workload-based key outcome indicators and 27 elements that resulted from the four core competencies related to the specific research university in the Thai context. Moreover, the quantitative results of the content validity index from the rating scales of the five experts indicate that the conformity index is 0.78 or higher. However, the qualitative interview results regarding the 17 users from four focus groups imply that there is a gap regarding the accuracy of current performance appraisal between lecturers’ core competencies and their actual workload. Therefore, the dean should make the necessary adjustments based on the context.
Determining the Views of Teachers on the Transition to Digital Transformation in Education During the Pandemic Process: A Case Study
Authors: YILDIZ Ezgi Pelin
Published: October 2021

In today’s world, where people live together with technology, digitalisation is increasingly taking its place as an indispensable part of our lives. However, rapid developments and changes in technology have led to compulsory digitalisation processes in all sectors. In addition to the pandemic process, digital transformation has now become a necessity. The pandemic threat faced by countries has affected many sectors, especially the education sector. In this context, it has become a necessity to take the necessary measures in the education sector, which affects a large audience. The first of these measures is the emergency distance education plan. Undoubtedly, it is clear that every stakeholder of education is affected by the emergency distance education plan that has come with the pandemic process. The most important of these stakeholders are undoubtedly teachers. In light of all this information, this study aimed to determine the views of teachers on the transition to digital transformation in education during the pandemic process. The research is an example of a qualitative case study. A semi-structured interview form was prepared by the researcher to determine the teachers’ views on the subject. Data were collected using the semi-structured interview form. As a result, the teachers emphasised that they see the transition to digital transformation in education as a necessity, especially during the pandemic process, but they need more in-service training to keep up with this transformation.
Met vreemde ogen kijken
Authors: Schutgens Jean
Published: October 2021

Watching by third parties. Municipal visitations with the help of administrative strength measurements: design, results and utilisation

This study examines the quality of visitation in three government sectors in the Netherlands: academic education (training), urban policy (urban municipalities) and municipal authorities. The focus is mainly on the visitation of municipal authorities in the Dutch province Limburg. The assessment of the visitation quality of university study programmes and of major cities policy must yield hypotheses to determine the quality of the visitation of municipal authorities that have been visited. The object of study is therefore ‘visitation’, in particular ‘visitation quality’. The visitations of university studies were viewed from four quality perspectives, namely on the design quality, the process quality, the assessing and the concluding quality, and usability or utilisation. This is also the case with the visitation of the major cities’ policy and of the Limburg municipal authorities. The question is, of course, what the analysis of the quality of all the assessments in three sectors yields, with special attention to the assessment of municipal authorities. Is it clear after that analysis how this quality inspection should be carried out? The study provides a wealth of insights and shows the state of the administrative strength of the inspected Limburg municipal authorities. A publication of this study has been postponed for more than five years, because the author wanted to investigate whether the administrative strength measurements were used in the longer term.
Apoio à Alocação de Recursos Humanos em Projetos de Software: Uma Abordagem Baseada em Satisfação de Restrições
Authors: Barreto Ahilton Silva , Barros Márcio de Oliveira , Werner Claudia Maria Lima
Published: October 2021

Uma das principais decisões que precisa ser tomada pelo gerente em um projeto de software é como alocar pessoas a cada atividade do projeto, uma vez que essa alocação está fortemente ligada à qualidade do software. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem de apoio à alocação de pessoal em projetos de software. Serão consideradas características necessárias para a execução de cada atividade, as características possuídas por cada profissional e um conjunto de restrições associadas a fatores como custo, experiência e tamanho da equipe. A partir dessas informações serão sugeridas ao gerente alocações que satisfaçam ao maior número possível de restrições e, eventualmente, priorizem algum dos fatores selecionados.
Do Organizations Need Emotionally Intelligent Leadership at the Workplace?
Authors: Mishra Anurag
Published: October 2021

Organization is a group of people who are joining together to perform specific tasks. Every organization has a different set of policies and practices which an individual needs to follow. An organization includes teams and team members who have to perform specific tasks on a daily basis. People have to perform their work by proper communication, trust and integrity. Due to lack of these three attributes, conflicts arise among the team members which cause the conditions of anxiety, depression, anger and mood variation, improper response to top management, counter productivity and errors in tasks performance. To overcome such a situation, there is a need for an appropriate style of leadership which can help teams to perform well. The performance of a team depends upon the nature of leadership styles. The kind of leadership style adopted by leaders is sometimes not appropriate completely. To apply appropriate leadership in a particular situation, there is a need to be emotionally intelligent at the workplace. I would like to build a proper relationship between how the traits of Emotional Intelligence will influence positively on the leadership efficiency in organizations. Key findings of the study have focused on the impact of emotional intelligence on organizational growth. The given model has recommended that people with high emotional intelligence can build effective communication, trust and integrity in a team. The attempt has also been made to build a relationship between emotional intelligence and the nature of leadership styles to be adopted in organizations. The finding suggested that transformational style of leadership should be encouraged in an organization. The study of the mentioned topic will help in understanding individual and collective behavior and its effect on the quality of work.
Role of Ketamine as Part of the Anti-Hyperalgesic Approach in Opioid-Free Anesthesia (OFA) and Postoperative Analgesia (OFAA)
Authors: Ramírez-Paesano Carlos , Rodiera Clarens Claudia , Carlos Torres Mandujano José , Bonev Bonev Milen , Salazar Loaiza Karen , Borghetti Florencia , Martínez Alberici María , Rodiera Olive Josep , Santaliestra Fierro Jesus
Published: October 2021

There is increasing evidence of the close relationship between persistent activation of the glutaminergic pathway, central sensitization, hyperalgesia and chronic pain. Opioids have long been the standard analgesics used in the perioperative. However, their side effects, namely opioid-induced hyperalgesia, opioid tolerance and post-operative dependence in patients with chronic pain that are to undergo aggressive surgeries have motivated anesthesiologists to develop alternative anesthetic techniques. They include analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs that act by modulating the nociceptive pathways with an opioid-sparing effect and even opioid-free anesthesia (OFA). In OFA plus postoperative analgesia (OFAA) techniques, ketamine plays a fundamental role as an analgesic with its antagonist action on the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-receptors (NMDAr). However, ketamine is limited to use at sub-anesthetic doses (“low-doses”) due to its dose-dependent side effects. Consequently, other analgesic drugs with anti-NMDAr effects like magnesium sulfate and other non-opioid analgesics such as lidocaine and alpha-2-adrenergic agonists are often used in OFAA techniques. The aim of this text is to present a summary of the importance of the use of ketamine in OFA based on nociceptive pathophysiology. Additionally, the perioperative protocol (OFAA) with the anti-hyperalgesic approach of ketamine, lidocaine and dexmedetomidine co-administration in our center will be described. Some of the main indications for the OFAA protocol will be mentioned.
Design and Validation of Functional Cardiorespiratory Exercise Field Tests in Women Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vahedi Langaroudi Zahra , Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali , Abdi Ahmad , Abbasi Daloii Asieh
Published: October 2021

Background: Volleyball requires high anaerobic and aerobic capacity, so to evaluate this important issue, there are various tests such as Bruce maximal test. There is no standard field test to measure cardiovascular function for women volleyball according to exercise mode. Objectives: This study aimed to design and validation of functional cardiorespiratory exercise field tests in women volleyball players. Methods: In a diagnostic value study, 64 competitive female volleyball players with three years of playing experience (Age: 27 ± 6) were voluntarily selected from Tehran’s first division league. To evaluate VO2max, the Bruce test and the newly designed test, which was fully explained in the methodology section, were used. Data were analyzed using the ROC curve test. Results: The results showed that the area under the curve exceeded 0.71%, and the sensitivity and specificity values were 70.8% and 75%, respectively. The PPV obtained in this study was 89.5, and also the NPV values were 46.2, indicating relatively good reliability for screening. Conclusions: The present study shows that the newly designed test for women volleyball players, which uses a special exercise mode in modeled volleyball, has relatively good reliability. This test may be used as an efficient and inexpensive field test to measure the VO2max in women volleyball players.
Design and Development of Environmental Friendly Sub-Baric Storage Bin
Authors: Ramachandra C. T. , Ashoka H. G. , Kumar G. Mahesh , Shivanna B. , Ray Babu R. M. , Sivamma P.
Published: October 2021

Developments in vacuum storage technology present an opportunity to achieve significant improvements on protection, preservation and storage of agricultural commodities for residential and commercial use. Sub-baric storage is a environmental friendly, non-residue organic technology which provides chemical-free and insect contamination-free products. Due to creation of vacuum, there is a change in the environment inside the storage structure. This study therefore contributes an important knowledge and method in the development, fabrication and application of a sub baric storage bin (SBSB) as a best alternative to the commonly used traditional and modern storage structure. In its embodiment, the work focuses on the design and fabrication of the sub-baric storage bin to provide efficient storage of food grains by preventing the use of pesticides and insecticides and to reduce material loss during storage, a sub-baric storage bin of 500 kg capacity was designed and developed. The developed storage bin consists of storage chamber (500 kg), Vacuum pump, suction blower, grain inlet with pipe for loading, grain outlet for unloading, vacuum gauge, thermocouple, control panel, agitator, air filter, two inlet valves for gas infusion, vacuum release valve and SS mobile skid. The designed sub-baric storage bin is cylindrical in geometry with conical shape at bottom side and flat circular plate on top side and the storage bin has capacity of 500 kg to store food grains with hopper angle of 60°. The storage bin was designed in such a way that, it has provision for both bulk and bag storage and to work from 0-650 mm Hg vacuum. The developed SBSB was subjected to hydraulic pressure test and vacuum drop test to ensure a safe operation. It was observed that there was no implosion (compression) or explosion confirming to the fact that the design was adequate and also safe to operate. Also, there were no signs of bulging, buckling or any deformations observed in any of the components or the pipe lines, connections, fixtures or fasteners. Hence, it was concluded that the designed equipment could be operated safely at 650 mm Hg vacuum pressure satisfying all the applicable safety assurances and standards relevant to the industry.
The Level of Interest and Attitude of the Local Community in Home Gardening during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Assessment
Authors: E. Mercado Rozette , O. Mercado Jillard
Published: October 2021

Introduction: People are facing uncertain and challenging times in the surge of COVID-19 Pandemic; unemployment rate increases, incomes dramatically decline, and movement restrictions are evident in every household here in the Philippines. Due to income disruption, the underprivileged encounter shortage of their food resources. As such, home gardening becomes a popular initiative of the government and non-government agencies. 

Objectives:  The primary aim of this paper is to determine the level of interest and attitude of the residents from the Municipality of Cantilan, Surigao del Sur towards home gardening during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Methodology:  The study made use of the descriptive normative design by using a convenience sampling method. The sample selection was based on participants’ willingness to answer the questionnaire which serves as the primary tool in gathering the data. Wherein there are 115 total of respondents participated in the study. The collected data were treated using a simple percentage and weighted mean.

Results and Conclusions: The result shows that majority of the respondents were interested in home gardening and believed that it helps their family to eat better and save money during a pandemic. It also indicates that they have time to work in their garden, to be recreational, and conform that they enjoy this activity. It would strengthen their family values and the benefits of home gardening to our environment. However, they are not fully aware of the other benefits of home gardening. Meanwhile, they are unsure if they became successful in home gardening or not.
An AI Chatbot Outperformed Physicians and Physicians Plus AI in a Trial—What Does That Mean?
Authors: Hswen Yulin , Rubin Rita
Published: December 2024

This Medical News article is an interview with Stanford University’s Jonathan Chen, MD, PhD, and Ethan Goh, MBBS, MS, about their research on AI tools to enhance clinical decision-making.
National Academies Report Calls for an NIH Institute Dedicated to Women’s Health
Authors: Anderer Samantha
Published: December 2024

This Medical News article discusses a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on persistent gaps in women’s health research and key recommendations that would require $16 billion in congressional funding.
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Flemming Jennifer A. , Djerboua Maya , Chapman Orli , Ayonrinde Oyedeji , Terrault Norah A.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) has high mortality, and rates are increasing among adolescents and young adults (AYAs).

Objective

To define the sex-specific epidemiology of AH in AYAs and the association between female sex and liver-related outcomes after a first presentation of AH.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective, population-based cohort study of routinely collected health care data held at ICES from Ontario, Canada, was conducted. Data on AYAs (age, 13-39 years) with first presentation of AH without a history of cirrhosis and/or decompensation from January 1 to December 31, 2022, were included in the analysis.

Exposures

Study year and female sex.

Main Outcome and Measures

Overall and sex-specific yearly rates of AH were compared using Poisson regression and rate ratios (RRs). Associations between female sex and incident cirrhosis and/or decompensation were evaluated using competing risks regression, and liver-related mortality by sex was evaluated with cumulative incidence functions.

Results

A total of 3340 AYAs with AH were identified. Median age was 33 (IQR, 28-36) years, and the population included 1190 (36%) females and 2150 (64%) males. Rates of AH increased by 8% per year (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.07-1.09), with yearly rates increasing faster among females (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09-1.12) than males (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.07). A total of 2374 individuals (71%) were alive without cirrhosis 6 months after AH presentation. Of those, 527 (22%) developed incident cirrhosis and/or decompensation after a median follow-up of 4 (IQR, 2-9) years (37% females vs 29% males; P < .001). After adjustment, female sex was associated with a 47% higher subhazard of cirrhosis and/or decompensation compared with male sex (38%) (subhazard, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.23-1.76; P < .001). The cumulative incidence of liver-related mortality at 10 years was higher among females (11.0%; 95% CI, 8.3%-14.2%) than males (6.9%; 95% CI, 5.4%-8.6%) (P = .01).

Conclusions and Relevance

Over the past 2 decades, the rates of AH among AYAs increased significantly, with the greatest increase observed among females. The findings of this study suggest sex-specific interventions to prevent the development of AH and the progression to cirrhosis after an episode of AH are needed.
Radiologist Involvement in Radiation Oncology Peer Review
Authors: Hughes Ryan T. , Razavian Niema B. , Smith Sydney , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Bunch Paul M. , Ponnatapura Janardhana , Royce Trevor J. , Ververs James D. , Nightingale Chandylen L. , Weaver Kathryn E. , Farris Michael K.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Radiotherapy (RT) plan quality is an established predictive factor associated with cancer recurrence and survival outcomes. The addition of radiologists to the peer review (PR) process may increase RT plan quality.

Objective

To determine the rate of changes to the RT plan with and without radiology involvement in PR of radiation targets.

Data Sources

PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were queried for peer-reviewed articles published from inception up to March 6, 2024. Search terms included key words associated with PR of contoured targets for the purposes of RT planning with or without radiology involvement.

Study Selection

Studies reporting PR of contoured radiation targets with or without radiology involvement. Studies were excluded if they lacked full text, reported clinical trial–specific quality assurance, or reported PR without dedicated review of RT targets.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data were extracted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Titles and abstracts were screened by 2 reviewers. In the case of discordance, discussion was used to reach consensus regarding inclusion for full-text review. RT plan changes were characterized as major when the change was expected to have a substantial clinical impact, as defined by the original study. Pooled outcomes were estimated using random-effects models.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcome was pooled rate of RT plan changes. Secondary outcomes included pooled rates of major and minor changes to RT targets or organs at risk.

Results

Of 4185 screened studies, 31 reporting 39 509 RT plans were included (390 with radiology and 39 119 without). The pooled rate of plan changes was 29.0% (95% CI, 20.7%-37.2%). Radiologist participation in PR was associated with significant increases in plan change rates (49.4% [95% CI, 28.6%-70.1%] vs 25.0% [95% CI, 17.0%-33.1%]; P = .02) and in clinically relevant major changes (47.0% [95% CI, 34.1%-59.8%] vs 10.2% [95% CI, 4.6%-15.8%]; P < .001). There was no difference in minor changes (15.2% [95% CI, 9.7%-20.6%] vs 13.8% [95% CI, 9.3%-18.3%]; P = .74). Subgroup analyses identified increases in the rates of changes to the gross tumor and planning target volumes with radiology-based PR. The highest rates of plan changes were observed in head and neck or lung cancer studies, studies performing PR prior to RT planning, and prospective studies.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis of radiation oncology PR of contoured targets, radiologist involvement in peer review was associated with a significant increase in the rate of total and clinically meaningful changes to the RT targets with no change in minor change rates. These results support the value of interdisciplinary collaboration with radiology during RT planning.
Chiral Engineered Biomaterials: New Frontiers in Cellular Fate Regulation for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Wang Yuwen , Zhang Xin , Xie Denghui , Chen Chunying , Huang Zhifeng , Li Zhong Alan
Published: December 2024

Chirality, the property of objects that are nonsuperimposable on their mirror images, plays a crucial role in biological processes and cellular behaviors. Chiral engineered biomaterials have emerged as a promising approach to regulating cellular fate in regenerative medicine. However, few reviews provide a comprehensive examination of recent advancements in chiral biomaterials and their applications in cellular fate regulation. Herein, various fabrication techniques available for chiral biomaterials, including the use of chiral molecules, surface patterning, and self‐assembly are discussed. The mechanisms through which chiral biomaterials influence cellular responses, such as modulation of adhesion receptors, intracellular signaling, and gene expression, are explored. Notably, chiral biomaterials have demonstrated their ability to guide stem cell differentiation and augment tissue‐specific functions. The potential applications of chiral biomaterials in musculoskeletal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and wound healing are highlighted. Challenges and future perspectives, including standardization of fabrication methods and translation to clinical settings, are addressed. In conclusion, chiral engineered biomaterials offer exciting prospects for precisely controlling cellular fate, advancing regenerative medicine, and enabling personalized therapeutic strategies.
A Precision Mo4VC4‐Based Nanomedicine for Effective Cancer Elimination by Harnessing Senescence Induction and Immunogenic Response
Authors: Zhao Ruoxi , Feng Lili , Zhu Yanlin , Yu Chenghao , Zyuzin Mikhail V. , Gai Shili , Chen Desheng , Zhang Siming , Zhu Haixia , Yang Piaoping
Published: December 2024

Interest in therapies that influence cell senescence to regulate cancer cell is increasing. However, the understanding of the prolonged state of senescent cells and the interactions involved when utilizing therapies that promote senescence alongside other techniques to suppress cancer progression is limited. This study introduces an innovative artificial nanozyme named MVPR, constructed from vanadium MXene (Mo4VC4) combined with the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors Palbociclib and Arg‐Gly‐Asp, for the precise targeting of cancer cell membranes. Within the tumor environment, MVPR initiates a cascade of catalytic reactions, boosting glutathione consumption, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). When the damage from ROS exceeds the cellular repair capabilities, the redox balance of tumor cells is disrupted, resulting in cell apoptosis. Alternatively, cancer cell senescence can be triggered under different circumstances. Senescent cancer cells impede their own and nearby cancer cell growth by releasing cytokines, thereby effectively curtail uncontrolled proliferation. Furthermore, the immune response triggered by senescent cell recruitment and the response evoked by metal ions in MVPR together enhance the immunotherapeutic effect, boosting immune system activity and augmenting CD4+/CD8+ T cell proliferation. Cancer cells are effectively eliminated through the combined actions of pro‐senescence, enzyme catalysis, and immunogenic response. This study proposes a pro‐senescence strategy for anti‐tumor therapy.
Soft‐Hard Magnetic Transformable Coaxial Fiber with Multimodal Deformations
Authors: Liu Zhouming , Zhang Yuanxi , Cai Juying , Chen Fuqian , Zhao Ke , Li Yuanyuan , Xie Xi , Du Shiwei , Xu Tiantian , Jiang Lelun
Published: December 2024

Magnetic soft materials have been extensively utilized in the development of soft robots. However, they usually fail to achieve programmable soft‐hard magnetic transformations, limiting multimodal magnetoactive deformation and locomotion. Herein, a coaxial magnetic fiber (CMF) consisting of a porous polydimethylsiloxane (p‐PDMS) sheath and a core of sodium alginate sol (SAS) mixed with neodymium‐iron‐boron (NdFeB) particles (NdFeB@SAS) is reported, fabricated using intermittent coaxial 3D printing. The CMF can reversibly transition between a hard magnetic state (coercivity Hcm 6900 Oe and remanence Mr 61 emu g−1) and a soft magnetic state (Hcm 450 Oe and Mr 16 emu g−1) through the solvent exchange strategy, achieving a ≈15‐fold change in coercivity and a ≈4‐fold increase in remanence. Three CMF‐based samples are constructed and programmed with varying soft‐hard magnetic profiles, exhibiting multimodal magnetoactive deformation. Moreover, under a fluctuating magnetic field, a bionic butterfly robot can flap its wings over a vertical branch without falling. A magnetic brush is also constructed to paint origami objects using magnetic actuation. These demonstrations underscore that the responsiveness of the CMF to global magnetic fields can be locally tailored, allowing for the coexistence of attraction and repulsion in various regions of the CMF, providing a novel approach for developing soft robots.
A High‐Performance Miniaturized Frequency Shift Detection System for QCM‐Based Gravimetric Sensing
Authors: Gao Chenyang , Fan Shuyu , Li Wei , Wang Yongbing , Xia Qianwen , Hou Dibo , Cao Yunqi
Published: December 2024

Micro‐gravimetric sensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) are capable of detecting trace substances and even single nanoparticles in various fields due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. As a resonant sensor, the detection response of QCM requires frequency analysis instruments with high precision like a frequency counter and a vector network analyzer to measure its frequency shift during mass sensing. However, such bulky and high‐cost instruments undoubtedly hinder the applications of QCM‐based sensors outside the laboratory such as in situ and portable detection. In this paper, a high‐performance miniaturized frequency shift detection system based on a phase‐locked loop (PLL) circuit, is developed for QCM measurement. The designed system achieves high detection sensitivity of frequency shift as 1.859 mV Hz−1 with the Allan deviation of 0.49 mV at 0.15s and frequency resolution of 0.26 Hz, which is conducive to achieving the detection of trace substance by QCM. The excellent measuring performance is further validated by measuring the frequency response of QCM during mass sensing in a gaseous environment and aqueous solution. As a result, compared with a commercial frequency counter, the superior linearity and accuracy of over 98.4% were confirmed with a mean relative error (MRE) of less than 0.92%.
Sustainable Permeable Reactive Barrier Materials for Electrokinetic Remediation of Heavy Metals‐Contaminated Soil
Authors: Naseer Ufra , Ali Muhammad , Younis Muhammad Adnan , Du Zhengping , Mushtaq Asim , Yousaf Muhammad , Qiu Chuntian , Yue Tianxiang
Published: December 2024

Thegreen and sustainable remediation technologies in curing heavy metals (HMs)‐contaminated soil require recyclable, cost‐effective, and sustainable materials to achieve good health, and sustainable goals. Electrokinetic remediation coupled with a permeable reactive barrier (EKR‐PRB) has been recognized as a viable technique for remedying HMs‐contaminated soil, owing to its passive operation, inexpensiveness, and environmental compatibility. However, most fillermaterials in PRB are expensive and environmentally unfriendly, affecting thesustainable development goals of the planet. This review comprehensivelyexamines the current progress on using waste/recyclable materials as fillermaterials in EKR‐PRB to remove toxic HMs from contaminated soil. These materialsare waste/recyclable materials, biochar, charcoals, and cork, which have shownhigh potential as EKR‐PRB fillers in extracting HM‐contaminated soil. Thesematerials provide a path to reduce both remediation costs and environmentalimpact, enhancing the practicality and sustainability of the EKR‐PRBapplication. The review commences with a brief discussion of the fundamentalsof EKR‐PRB and key operational parameters affecting the remediationperformance, with a focus on the ecological and economic benefits associatedwith these novel filler materials. Ultimately, it presents future perspectivesand outlines critical challenges in scaling up the application of sustainablePRB materials for effective and environmentally responsible soil remediation.
Strain Effects in Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Siying , Ruan Weidong , Guan Jingqi
Published: December 2024

As a frontier method for adjusting the electronic and geometric configurations of metal sites, lattice strain engineering plays a key role in regulating the interaction between catalytic surface and adsorbed molecules. Here, the research progress of strain effects in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR) is reviewed. Starting from the basic principles of strain effects in the CO2RR, the advanced in situ characterization techniques are summarized. The key effect of strain on the structure–activity relationship in CO2RR is comprehensively discussed. Subsequently, the electrocatalysts with different properties rich in strain are classified, including core–shell structure catalysts, alloys, transition metal compounds, and single‐atom catalysts. Finally, the obstacles encountered in the practical application of strain effect are proposed, and the future research direction of this emerging field is prospected.
VS2/Bi2S3 Spring‐Type Heterointerfaces Hollow Microspheres with Spatial Confinement and Vacancy Defects for Fast‐Charging and Ampere‐Hour Scale Pouch Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Li Enzhi , Wang Mingshan , Xu Wen , Höche Daniel , Feng Yuanlong , Chen Junchen , Yu Bo , Guo Bingshu , Ma Zhiyuan , Huang Yun , Li Xing , Cao Guozhong
Published: December 2024

Optimizing electrochemical kinetics by regulation ion/charge transfer efficiency and stabilizing the electrode structure of electrode materials is crucial to maximize the rapid charging and long cycling sodium‐ion storage. Herein, VS2/Bi2S3 spring‐type heterointerfaces hollow microspheres with spatial confinement and sulfur vacancy defects are synthesized as a fast‐charging anode for sodium‐ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs). The experimental studies coupled with density functional theory calculations verify that the strong coupling between VS2 and Bi2S3 induces a stable built‐in electric field, largely promoting the charge and sodium‐ion transfer efficiency. Sulfur vacancy defects at the heterointerfaces produce additional sodium‐ion pseudocapacitive storage, which improves the reversible capacity and large‐rate fast charge performance of the VS2/Bi2S3 electrode. Finite element analysis and in situ expansion test confirm that the spring‐type heterostructured hollow microspheres formed by flat‐morphology VS2 and zigzag‐morphology Bi2S3 stacking mitigate the lattice expansion and contraction during sodium‐ion insertion/extraction, accommodate the mechanical stresses, and maintain the integrity of the heterojunction interface. When employed in coin SIHC, it achieves a high energy/power density of 135 Wh kg−1/22 kW kg−1, and an ultralong life of 50 000 cycles; the assembled pouch SIHC (1 Ah) demonstrates a high specific energy of 120 Wh kg−1 with fast‐charging at 10 C, and 95.5% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.
Continuous flow synthesis of di‐tert‐butyl peroxide in microreactors and kinetic study
Authors: Xu Yuyang , Zhao Shuainan , Yang Lixia , Yao Chaoqun , Guo Letao , Yang Mei , Lian Yingjiang , Chen Guangwen
Published: December 2024

Di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) is a widely used organic peroxide. Its synthesis using tert‐butyl alcohol (TBA) and H2O2 via traditional batch processes has suffered from low space–time yield, uncontrollable product distribution, and safety issues. An efficient continuous‐flow microreaction system was proposed to enhance DTBP synthesis. Optimal reaction conditions were determined: a molar ratio of 1.5 (H2SO4/TBA) and 0.5 (H2O2/TBA), a reaction temperature of 50°C, and concentrations of 75 wt% H2SO4, 85 wt% TBA, and 50 wt% H2O2. A kinetic model was established, indicating that reducing local H2O2 concentration is key to increasing space‐time yield. Consequently, a novel two‐stage H2O2 feeding strategy was proposed, which improved the DTBP selectivity from 94.7% to 97.6% compared to the single‐stage feeding process. The maximum TBA conversion reached upto 98.7% within only 410 s, with a DTBP yield of 96.3%. With proper design and optimization, this microreaction system could be further applied to continuously synthesize other dialkyl peroxides.
Wild Tibetan Macaques Use a Route‐Based Mental Map to Navigate in Large‐Scale Space
Authors: Cheng Shi , Li Bo‐Wen , Garber Paul A. , Xia Dong‐Po , Li Jin‐Hua
Published: December 2024

Many animals face significant challenges in locating and acquiring resources that are unevenly distributed in space and time. In the case of nonhuman primates, it remains unclear how individuals remember goal locations and whether they navigate using a route‐based or a coordinate‐based mental representation when moving between out‐of‐sight feeding and resting sites (i.e., large‐scale space). Here, we examine spatial memory and mental map formation in wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) inhabiting a mountainous, forested ecosystem characterized by steep terrain that limits direct vision to 25 meters. We used an instantaneous scan sampling technique at 10‐min intervals to record the behavior and location of macaques on Mt. Huangshan, Anhui Province, China, from September 2020 to August 2023. Over 214 days, we obtained 7180 GPS points of the macaques' locations. Our study revealed that the macaques reused 1264 route segments (average length 204.26 m) at least four times each. The number of feeding and resting sites around the habitual route segment, terrain roughness, and dense vegetation areas significantly influenced the use of route segments by our study group. In addition, we found evidence that the monkeys reused 48 nodes to reorient their travel path. We found that monkeys approached a revisited foraging or resting site from the same limited set of directions, which is inconsistent with a coordinate‐based spatial representation. In addition, the direction in which the macaques left a feeding or resting site was significantly different from the straight‐line direction required to reach their next feeding or resting site, suggesting that the macaques frequently reoriented their direction of travel to reach their goal. Finally, on average, macaques traveled 24% (CI = 1.24) farther than the straight‐line distance to reach revisited feeding and resting sites. From our robust data set, we conclude that Tibetan macaques navigate large spaces using a route‐based mental representation that appears to help them locate food resources in dense, rugged montane forests and heterogeneous habitats.
Prediction of Central Post‐Stroke Pain by Quantitative Sensory Testing
Authors: Asseyer Susanna , Panagoulas Eleni , Maidhof Jana , Villringer Kersten , Al Esra , Chen Xiuhui , Krause Thomas , Hardikar Samyogita , Villringer Arno , Jungehülsing Gerhard Jan
Published: December 2024

Objective

Among patients with acute stroke, we aimed to identify those who will later develop central post‐stroke pain (CPSP) versus those who will not (non‐pain sensory stroke [NPSS]) by assessing potential differences in somatosensory profile patterns and evaluating their potential as predictors of CPSP.

Methods

In a prospective longitudinal study on 75 acute stroke patients with somatosensory symptoms, we performed quantitative somatosensory testing (QST) in the acute/subacute phase (within 10 days) and on follow‐up visits for 12 months. Based on previous QST studies, we hypothesized that QST values of cold detection threshold (CDT) and dynamic mechanical allodynia (DMA) would differ between CPSP and NPSS patients before the onset of pain. Mann–Whitney U‐tests and mixed analysis of variances with Bonferroni corrections were performed to compare z‐normalized QST scores between both groups.

Results

In total, 26 patients (34.7%) developed CPSP. In the acute phase, CPSP patients showed contralesional cold hypoesthesia compared to NPSS patients (p = 0.04), but no DMA differences. Additional exploratory analysis showed NPSS patients exhibit cold hyperalgesia on the contralesional side compared to the ipsilesional side, not seen in CPSP patients (p = 0.011). A gradient‐boosting approach to predicting CPSP from QST patterns before pain onset had an overall accuracy of 84.6%, with a recall and precision of 75%. Notably, both in the acute and the chronic phase, approximately 80% of CPSP and NPSS patients showed bilateral QST abnormalities.

Interpretation

Cold perception differences between CPSP and NPSS patients appear early post stroke before pain onset. Prediction of CPSP through QST patterns seems feasible. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:507–520