bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Printed Hybrid Upconversion/Perovskite Nanoparticle Cluster and Its Individual Photoluminescence Imaging
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Xing Xing , Zhao Hongxia , Jiang Jing , Liu Ying , Lu Zhenda
Published: November 2022

A versatile strategy to print hybrid upconversion/perovskite nanoparticle clusters based on nanoxerography has been developed. The individual hybrid cluster can be tuned by different upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), perovskite quantum dots (QDs), and their combinations to visualize multicolor. Based on the precise positioning of the array system, the structural and optical properties of each cluster in the array can be in situ and simultaneously characterized. This approach provides a straightforward and robust platform for high‐throughput preparation and characterization of the hybrid clusters, and the ability to position functional nanoparticles at a desired area with nanoscale accuracy exhibits great potential in fabricating advanced nanodevices.
Fractional‐Order Localized Spoof Surface Plasmons for In‐Phase or Out‐of‐Phase Power Division
Authors: Li Si‐Qi , Li Fan‐Hong , Zhu Yu , Du Chao‐Hai
Published: November 2022

Localized spoof surface plasmons (LSSPs) are extensively used to develop various functional components due to their excellent characteristics of subwavelength confinement and concomitant near‐field enhancement. In this paper, a rat‐race coupler based on fractional‐order LSSPs is proposed to achieve in‐phase or out‐of‐phase power division. It is a four‐port passive component with the advantage of miniaturization. In simulation and experiment, the feasibility of the rat‐race coupler is demonstrated and the existence of the rare fractional‐order LSSPs modes is conformed. More interestingly, a general design method is suggested, based on which arbitrary fractional‐order LSSPs modes can be constructed by skillfully tailoring the electrical lengths between ports. This paper expands the applications of the LSSPs and enriches the topological properties of the LSSPs.
Structural and Chemical Evolutions of Li/Electrolyte Interfaces in Li‐Metal Batteries: Tracing Compositional Changes of Electrolytes under Practical Conditions
Authors: Jo Youngseong , Jin Dahee , Lim Minhong , Lee Hyuntae , An Hyeongguk , Seo Jiyeon , Kim Gunyoung , Ren Xiaodi , Lee Yong Min , Lee Hongkyung
Published: November 2022

Despite the promises in high‐energy‐density batteries, Li‐metal anodes (LMAs) have suffered from extensive electrolyte decomposition and unlimited volume expansion owing to thick, porous layer buildup during cycling. It mainly originates from a ceaseless reiteration of the formation and collapse of solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI). This study reveals the structural and chemical evolutions of the reacted Li layer after different cycles and investigates its detrimental effects on the cycling stability under practical conditions. Instead of the immediately deactivated top surface of the reacted Li layer, the chemical nature underneath the reacted Li layer can be an important indicator of the electrolyte compositional changes. It is found that cycling of LMAs with a lean electrolyte (≈3 g Ah−1) causes fast depletion of salt anions, leading to the dynamic evolution of the reacted Li layer structure and composition. Increasing the salt‐solvent complex while reducing the non‐solvating diluent retards the rate of depletion in a localized high‐concentration electrolyte, thereby demonstrating prolonged cycling of Li||NMC622 cells without compromising the Li Coulombic efficiencies and high‐voltage stability.
Nitrogen mitigation scenarios to reduce coastal eutrophication
Authors: Malik Wafa , Oehler François , Sgro Lea , Durand Patrick
Published: November 2022

Macroalgal blooms in coastal areas, which pose unique risks to the environment, citizens, stakeholders, and the economy, mainly are due to nitrate pollution in rivers. The Saint‐Brieuc Bay has some of the largest algal blooms in Brittany (western France). It is fed by three catchments—Gouessant (420 km2), Gouet (256 km2), and Anse d'Yffiniac (130 km2)—characterized by an oceanic climate and mixed‐farming systems with high livestock density. The main objective of this study was to assess the ability of nitrogen (N) mitigation scenarios to reduce N emissions to coastal water using the spatially distributed agrohydrological model TNT2. Once TNT2 was calibrated and validated for the catchments, scenarios were simulated for them from 2008 through 2035: (a) reference (REF) scenario, (b) agricultural management practices (AMP) scenario (i.e., changes to mineral and organic N fertilization, catch crops, and crop rotations), (c) increasing percentages of agricultural land conversion (ALC) into unmanaged grassland from downhill to uphill, and (d) scenarios that combined AMP and ALC. Results showed that the AMP scenario could reduce N load in the bay by 31% vs. the REF scenario. The ALC scenario was much more effective when located downhill, with >50% of maximum effectiveness achieved with 10% of agricultural land converted. These results varied strongly among catchments. Because reducing coastal eutrophication requires a drastic decrease in N loads, we recommend combining AMP and ALC scenarios to achieve good environmental status. The study illustrates the TNT2 model's ability to simulate complex scenarios and guide mitigation policy.
Yield estimation of summer maize based on multi‐source remote‐sensing data
Authors: Wang Jingshu , He Peng , Liu Zhengchu , Jing Yaodong , Bi Rutian
Published: November 2022

Accurately estimating regional‐scale crop yields is substantial in determining current agricultural production performance and effective agricultural land management. The Yuncheng Basin is an important grain‐producing area in the Shanxi Province. This paper used Sentinel 2A with a spatial resolution of 10 m and MODIS with a temporal resolution of 1 d in 2020. The spatial and temporal nonlocal filter‐based fusion model (STNLFFM) was used to obtain fused data with a spatial resolution of 10 m and a temporal resolution of 1 d, combined with the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) and light‐use efficiency model to achieve summer maize (Zea mays L.) yield estimation. The results showed that the fused normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) could inherit the spatial Sentinel‐2A NDVI details and express the spatial differences between smaller features more effectively. The STNLFFM NDVI curve was consistent with the actual summer maize growth condition, which accurately reflects the NDVI trend and local abrupt change information during the summer maize growth period. Moreover, the fused NDVI was influenced by topographic differences and artificial irrigation factors, whereas the summer maize yield in mountainous and plateau areas of the Yuncheng Basin was <5,000 kg ha−1 and those in the alluvial plain of the Sushui River reached 8,000 kg ha−1. The accuracy of the yield estimation model constructed based on STNLFFM NDVI (mean absolute percentage error [MAPE] = 5.47%, −13.74% ≤ relative error [RE] ≤0.12%) was significantly higher than that of the model based on MODIS NDVI (MAPE = 15.65%, −19.67% ≤ RE ≤ 20.88%), indicating that the use of spatio‐temporal fusion technology can effectively improve the summer maize yield estimation accuracy.
The impact of C‐reactive protein‐albumin‐lymphocyte (CALLY) index on the prognosis of patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma following pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Tsunematsu Masashi , Haruki Koichiro , Taniai Tomohiko , Tanji Yoshiaki , Shirai Yoshihiro , Furukawa Kenei , Uwagawa Tadashi , Onda Shinji , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Usuba Teruyuki , Nakabayashi Yukio , Okamoto Tomoyoshi , Ikegami Toru
Published: November 2022

Aim

The C‐reactive protein (CRP)‐albumin‐lymphocyte (CALLY) index is a novel inflammation‐based biomarker, which has been associated with long‐term outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to investigate whether the CALLY index can predict the prognosis for distal cholangiocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods

The study comprised 143 patients who had undergone primary pancreaticoduodenectomy for distal cholangiocarcinoma between 2002 to 2019. The CALLY index was defined as (albumin × lymphocyte)/ (CRP × 104). We investigated the association of CALLY index with disease‐free survival and overall survival by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Eighty‐seven (61%) patients had a preoperative CALLY index <3.5. In multivariate analysis, obstructive jaundice drainage (P < .01), poorly differentiated tumor (P < .01), and CALLY index<3.5 (P = .02) were independent predictors of disease‐free survival, while obstructive jaundice drainage (P < .01), poorly differentiated tumor (P < .01), and CALLY index <3.5 (P = .02) were independent predictors of overall survival.

Conclusion

The CALLY index may be an independent and significant indicator of poor long‐term outcomes in patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy, suggesting the importance of comprehensive assessment for inflammatory status.
Kristalline Anionen auf Basis klassischer N‐Heterocyclischer Carbene
Authors: Merschel Arne , Rottschäfer Dennis , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ringenberg Mark , van Gastel Maurice , Demirer T. Ilgin , Andrada Diego M. , Ghadwal Rajendra S.
Published: November 2022

Die ersten stabilen Anionen K[SIPrBp] (4 a‐K) und K[IPrBp] (4 b‐K) (SIPrBp=BpC{N(Dipp)CH2}2, IPrBp=BpC{N(Dipp)CH}2; Bp=4‐PhC6H4; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3), die von klassischen N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen (NHCs) abgeleitet sind (d. h. SIPr und IPr), wurden als violette kristalline Feststoffe isoliert.4 a‐Kund4 b‐Kwurden durch die Reduktion der neutralen Radikale [SIPrBp] (3 a) bzw. [IPrBp] (3 b) mit KC8hergestellt. Die Radikale3 aund3 bsowie [Me‐IPrBp] (3 c) (Me−IPrBp=BpC{N(Dipp)CMe}2) liegen als kristalline Feststoffe vor, wenn die entsprechenden 1,3‐Imidazoli(ni)umbromide (SIPrBp)Br (2 a), (IPrBp)Br (2 b) und (Me‐IPrBp)Br (2 c) mit KC8umgesetzt werden. Die Cyclovoltammogramme von2 a–2 czeigen zwei reversible Ein‐Elektronen‐Redoxprozesse im Bereich von −0.5 bis −2.5 V, die den Radikalen3 a–3 cund den Anionen (4 a–4 c)−entsprechen. Quantenchemische Berechnungen deuten auf einen geschlossenschaligen Singulett‐Grundzustand für (4 a–4 c)−mit einer Singulett‐Triplett‐Energielücke von 17–24 kcal mol−1hin.
Manoeuvring the physicochemical and nutritional properties of vegetable oils through blending
Authors: Sharma Kanika , Kumar Manoj , Lorenzo Jose M. , Guleria Sanjay , Saxena Sujata
Published: November 2022

Modification of vegetable oils is carried out to make them suitable according to their specific end use as most of the vegetable oils in original forms do not meet the recommended dietary allowance of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Vegetable oils are modified using a variety of techniques including hydrogenation, interesterification, fractionation, and blending. However, blending is the most widely accepted method for improving the physicochemical properties, nutritive value and oxidative stability of vegetable oils because it is simple, cost‐effective, non‐destructive, and does not involve chemical treatments. Blending vegetable oils with contrasting fatty acid compositions or blending omega 3 fatty acids and antioxidants rich minor oils with major oils are two common strategies to formulate blends. Blended oil with balanced fatty acids could play substantial role in improving the consumers' health. However, while designing vegetable oil blends, it is important to keep in mind the intended application of the formulated blend, consumer's demands and also food laws. This review paper covers the literature related to blending of vegetable oils with a focus on effect of vegetable oils blending on their physicochemical and nutritional properties, health benefits and utility in food industries.
The effect of inorganic particles on the breakdown strength and mechanical properties ofEVA‐based composites
Authors: Sena Adriane , Soares Bluma G.
Published: November 2022

Ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer was melt‐blended with different inorganic particles, such as alumina trihydrate (ATH), montmorillonite‐based organoclay (CLO15A) and organophilic silica (R202) to produce (nano)composites with outstanding electrical breakdown strength. The composites loaded with different amount of particles were characterized by dielectric, rheological, morphological and mechanical properties. The addition of the particles resulted in an increase of electrical breakdown strength, whose results depend on the nature and amount of filler. The addition of 1%–5% of ATH resulted in an increase of 50% of this property. Similar results were observed for the composites loaded with 7% of CLO15A and R202. All composites displayed low values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss, which is interesting for insulator applications. The presence of the filler did not exert great influence on the rheological properties of the composites, thus keeping the good processability of EVA matrix. Finally, the composites containing the organoclay presented the best mechanical response.
Redox Reaction in Ti−Mn Redox Flow Battery Studied by X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Asakura Daisuke , Hosono Eiji , Kitamura Miho , Horiba Koji , Magome Eisuke , Setoyama Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Eiichi , Yuzawa Hayato , Ohigashi Takuji , Sakai Takaaki , Kanega Ryoichi , Funaki Takashi , Sato Yukari , Ohira Akihiro
Published: November 2022

We performed X‐ray absorption studies for the electrolytes of a Ti−Mn redox flow battery (RFB) to understand the redox reaction of the Ti/Mn ions and formation of precipitates in charged catholyte, because suppression of the disproportionation reaction is a key to improve the cyclability of Ti−Mn RFB and enhance the energy density. Hard X‐ray absorption spectroscopy with a high transmittance and soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to directly observe the 3d orbitals were complementarily employed. Moreover, the Ti/Mn 3d electronic structure for each precipitate and solution in the charged catholyte was investigated by using scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy: the valence of Mn in the precipitate is mostly attributed to 4+, and the solution includes only Mn2+. This charge disproportionation reaction should occur after the Mn ions in the catholyte should be oxidized from Mn2+ to Mn3+ by charge.
Bose–Einstein condensation of magnetized charged scalar bosons revisited
Authors: Quintero Angulo Gretel , Pérez Martínez Aurora , Pérez Rojas Hugo
Published: November 2022

We study the effects of a uniform and constant magnetic field on the Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of relativistic charged scalar bosons. The condensation of magnetized charged bosons is usually discussed in the weak or strong field regimes separately, and in each case, the properties predicted for the condensate are different. Here, we develop a low‐temperature analysis suitable for any field that allows us to observe how the gas behaves for intermediate values of the magnetic field. We find that BEC may occur at finite magnetic fields, despite the gas becoming effectively one‐dimensional due to Landau quantization of the momentum perpendicular to the magnetic axis.
Formation Process of Na3SbS4 Solid Electrolyte via a Liquid‐Phase Reaction Using Acetonitrile
Authors: Guo Yayu , Shi Xixi , Ma Yue , Song Dawei , Zhang Hongzhou , Li Chunliang , Zhang Lianqi
Published: November 2022

Antimony‐based sulfide solid electrolyte Na3SbS4 with good moisture stability is attractive for practical application in all‐solid‐state sodium batteries. Liquid‐phase reaction is a facile and widely‐used strategy, but the specific reactions in synthetic process and related mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, the reaction processes of synthesizing Na3SbS4 by liquid‐phase reaction of Na2S, Sb2S3 and S in acetonitrile (ACN) are extensively investigated. A colorless supernatant and dark green precipitate are obtained after reacting for 24 h, the raw materials are negligible in supernatant. More importantly, the post‐treatment temperature is investigated and the tetragonal Na3SbS4 (t‐Na3SbS4) with high ionic conductivity (0.46 mS cm−1 at 25 °C) is obtained after heating at 450 °C for 3 h. Remarkably, the direct stacking of electrolyte is developed and t‐Na3SbS4 is further prepared into a free‐standing sheet‐type solid electrolyte membrane using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibrillation, then an ionic conductivity is achieved (0.17 mS cm−1 at 25 °C).
Auricular surface morphology and surface area does not influence subchondral bone density distribution in the dysfunctional sacroiliac joint
Authors: Poilliot Amélie , Hammer Niels , Toranelli Mireille , Gay Max Hans‐Peter , Müller‐Gerbl Magdalena
Published: November 2022

The subchondral lamella of the sacroiliac auricular surface is morphologically inconsistent. Its morpho‐mechanical relationship with dysfunction (SIJD) remains unstudied. Here, the iliac and sacral subchondral bone mineralization is compared between morphological subtypes and in large and small surfaces, in SIJD joints and controls. CT datasets from 29 patients with bilateral or unilateral SIJD were subjected to CT‐osteoabsorptiometry. Surface areas and posterior angles were calculated and surfaces were classified by size: small (<15 cm3) and large (≥15 cm3), and morphological types: 1 (>160°), 2 (130°–160°), and 3 (<130°). Mineralization patterns were identified: two marginal (M1 and M2) and two non‐marginal (N1 and N2). Each sacral and iliac surface was subsequently classified. Dysfunctional cohort area averaged 15.0 ± 2.4 cm2 (males 16.2 ± 2.5 cm2, females 13.7 ± 1.6 cm2). No age correlations with surface area were found nor mean Hounsfield Unit differences when comparing sizes, sexes or morphology‐type. Controls and dysfunctional cohort comparison revealed differences in female sacra (p = 0.02) and small sacra (p = 0.03). There was low‐conformity in marginal and non‐marginal patterns, 26% for contralateral non‐dysfunctional joints, and 46% for dysfunctional joints. The majority of painful joints was of type 2 morphology (59%), equally distributed between small (49%) and large joints (51%). Larger joints had the highest frequency of dysfunctional joints (72%). Auricular surface morphology seems to have little impact on pain‐related subchondral lamella adaptation in SIJD. Larger joints may be predisposed to the onset of pain due to the weakening of the extracapsular structures. Dysfunctional joints reflect common conformity patterns of sacral‐apex mineralization with corresponding superior corner iliac mineralization.
Cancer situation in China: what does the China cancer map indicate from the first national death survey to the latest cancer registration?
Authors: Feng Ruimei , Su Qingling , Huang Xiaoyin , Basnet Til , Xu Xin , Ye Weimin
Published: November 2022

Background

Over the past four decades, the Chinese government has conducted three surveys on the distribution of causes of death and built cancer registration. In order to shine a new light on better cancer prevention strategies in China, we evaluated the profile of cancer mortality over the forty years and analyzed the policies that have been implemented.

Methods

We described spatial and temporal changes in both cancer mortality and the ranking of major cancer types in China based on the data collected from three national surveys during 1973‐1975, 1990‐1992, 2004‐2005, and the latest cancer registration data published by National Central Cancer Registry of China. The mortality data were compared after conversion to age‐standardized mortality rates based on the world standard population (Segi's population). The geographical distribution characteristics were explored by marking hot spots of different cancers on the map of China.

Results

From 1973 to 2016, China witnessed an evident decrease in mortality rate of stomach, esophageal, and cervical cancer, while a gradual increase was recorded in lung, colorectal, and female breast cancer. A slight decrease of mortality rate has been observed in liver cancer since 2004. Lung and liver cancer, however, have become the top two leading causes of cancer death for the last twenty years. From the three national surveys, similar profiles of leading causes of cancer death were observed among both urban and rural areas. Lower mortality rates from esophageal and stomach cancer, however, have been demonstrated in urban than in rural areas. Rural areas had similar mortality rates of the five leading causes of cancer death with the small urban areas in 1973‐1975. Additionally, rural areas in 2016 also had approximate mortality rates of the five leading causes with urban areas in 2004‐2005. Moreover, stomach, esophageal, and liver cancer showed specific geographical distributions. Although mortality rates have decreased at most of the hotspots of these cancers, they were still higher than the national average levels during the same time periods.

Conclusions

Building up a strong primary public health system especially among rural areas may be one critical step to reduce cancer burden in China.
Sex‐based differences in early and late uveal melanoma‐related mortality
Authors: Stålhammar Gustav
Published: November 2022

Background

It is debated if there are sex‐based differences in survival for patients with uveal melanoma. Previous observations of higher mortality for men in studies with <10‐year follow‐up have not been replicated in studies with longer follow‐up. It is therefore hypothesized that women have a worse survival in later periods.

Methods

All patients diagnosed with primary uveal melanoma in Sweden between 1980 and 2017 were included (n = 2032). Survival differences between men and women in early (<10 years from diagnosis) and late (≥10 years) periods were analyzed.

Results

At baseline, there were no significant differences in mean patient age, tumor thickness, diameter, ciliary body involvement, primary treatment modality, or in American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T‐category between men and women. In total, 764 patients (425 women and 339 men) survived and were followed ≥10 years. In this group, men were significantly younger, but there were no differences in baseline tumor thickness, diameter, ciliary body involvement, primary treatment, or AJCC T‐category. In competing risk analysis, women had higher incidence of uveal melanoma‐related mortality in the late period (p = 0.036). In univariate Cox regression, male (HR 1.2, p = 0.049) and female sex (HR 1.8, p = 0.034) were significant predictors of uveal melanoma‐related mortality in the early and late periods, respectively.

Conclusion

Women with uveal melanoma have better survival in the first decade after diagnosis. Thereafter, female survivors are significantly older than men and have a higher incidence of uveal melanoma‐related mortality.
Three New Lanostanoids with Anti‐HCV Effects from Abies nukiangensis
Authors: Li Yong‐Li , Xu Zhuo‐Ni , Li Jie , Liang Shuang , Xue Min‐Jie , Wu Jian‐Jun , Yang Xian‐Wen
Published: November 2022

Three new lanostane derivatives (1–3) and twelve known triterpenoids (4–15) were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Abies nukiangensis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated mainly by detailed analysis of their NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS spectroscopic data. Evaluation of the anti‐HCV effects of all isolates showed that 3 exhibited moderate effect with the EC50 value of 11.09 μM.
Concentrated Platinum‐Gallium Nanoalloy for Hydrogen Production from the Catalytic Steam Reforming of Ethanol
Authors: Yadav Mohit , Szenti Imre , Ábel Marietta , Szamosvölgyi Ákos , Ábrahámné Kornéli B , Kiss János , Zsolt Pap , Sápi András , Kukovecz Ákos , Kónya Zoltán
Published: November 2022

The steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) is a key process for the production of H2 and other vital hydrocarbons. The present work describes the synthesis of Platinum‐Gallium (Pt−Ga) nanoalloys supported on mesostructured cellular foam (MCF‐17) via ultrasound‐assisted impregnation method. Ga was substituted with Pt in different wt.% i. e. Pt/MCF‐17, Pt99.9Ga0.1/MCF‐17, Pt99Ga1/MCF‐17, and Pt90Ga10/MCF‐17 and was evaluated towards the SRE at a temperature range of 473K‐773 K towards hydrogen (H2), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), diethylether (DEE), ethylene (C2H4), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and ethane (C2H6). The SRE activity and H2 formation rate with Pt90Ga10/MCF‐17 catalyst were observed to be 68.1 % and 3047.2 nmole g−1 sec−1, which is 9.8 and 4.5 times more than the Pt/MCF‐17 counterparts. Moreover, as observed from DRIFTS, NH3‐TPD and XPS studies Ga showed high interaction with Pt in the electron deficit state which resulted in the increased dehydrogenating and acidic properties that resulted in a higher yield of H2.
The Effect of Coating Pd/Al2O3 and PdAg/Al2O3 Catalysts with [BMIM][DCA] for the Selective Hydrogenation of 1‐Octyne in 1‐Octene
Authors: Chanerika Revana , Shozi Mzamo L. , Prato Mirko , Friedrich Holger B.
Published: November 2022

The selective hydrogenation of octyne in a mixed 1‐octyne/1‐octene feed was investigated by employing Pd/Al2O3 and PdAg/Al2O3 catalysts coated with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([BMIM][DCA]) as SCILLs (Solid Catalysts with an Ionic Liquid Layer). All SCILLs were compared to an organically modified, 1‐ethylimidazole (EIM) coated catalyst to determine if there is a SCILL effect. Results of the catalysis showed that both uncoated catalysts were highly active (100 % 1‐octyne and 1‐octene conversion) in the hydrogenation reactions with dominant selectivity towards octane. No increase of 1‐octene in the reactor outflow (octene gain) was noted. Coating 1Pd/Al2O3 with [BMIM][DCA] at four monolayers (ML) corresponding to a surface loading of 45 wt% still gave 100 % octyne conversion but now with a 54 % 1‐octene gain, as no octene was converted. Coating 1Pd9Ag/Al2O3 with only a single monolayer of [BMIM][DCA] (14 wt%) was sufficient to give a 1‐octene gain of 84 % at an octyne conversion of 91 %. Time‐on‐stream reactions for the uncoated and SCILL systems showed stable operation during the experiments.
Efficient Enzyme‐Metal Hybrid Catalysts Constructed with Polymer
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Fan Yunkai , Liao Qiansui , Lu Tianying , Ge Jun
Published: November 2022

Rational design and construction of enzyme‐metal hybrid catalysts (EMHCs) with high activity and stability is challenging. Introducing polymers into EMHCs is a promising way to enhance the catalytic performance by controlling the synthesis of ultrasmall metal nanoparticles on enzymes, and altering the surface properties of EMHCs, which has been wildly applied in organic synthesis and biomedicine. This review summarizes three representative strategies for the construction of EMHCs with polymers, including: using enzyme‐polymer conjugate as nanoreactors, using polymers as self‐assemble modules, and using polymers as surface modifiers. The effects of polymers on morphology and catalytic activity of EMHCs are discussed. Finally, the research directions of this field are proposed.
Investigation of Magnetic Force Hysteresis in Electromechanical Actuators
Authors: Hucko Simon , Matthiesen Gunnar , Reinertz Olivier , Schmitz Katharina
Published: November 2022

The practical implementation and parameterization of a model for estimating the magnetic force of valve solenoids involving a hysteresis model are evaluated. In a first step, popular approaches for modeling the force hysteresis of valve actuators are compared, followed by a description of the test bench used and the valve investigated. Next, the experimental procedure as well as the recorded data are described and discussed. Finally, a phenomenological modeling approach of force hysteresis is presented. The advantages and limitations are demonstrated and discussed using measured data.
Multi‐Ionic Capacity of Zn‐Al/V6O13 Systems Enable Fast‐Charging and Ultra‐Stable Aqueous Aluminium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Jongmin , Kim Moonsu , Selvamani Thangavel , Tak Yongsug , Lee Gibaek
Published: November 2022

Rechargeable, cost‐efficient aqueous aluminium‐ion batteries (AAIBs) possess abundant trivalent charge carriers with high volumetric energy densities. However, the rapid and irreversible formation of Al2O3 passivation films on aluminium‐ion (AI) anodes while using aqueous electrolytes limits their development. Herein, Zn metal was used as the anode, and Al3+ was locally deposited on the Zn anode during charging. V6O13 with a mixed vanadium state of V4+/V5+ was chosen as the cathode because of its efficient ion diffusion (solid state) and high electron conductivity. The Zn−Al/3 M Al(OTF)3/V6O13 cell exhibited high current density and excellent long‐term cycling stability, demonstrating a very high specific capacity of ∼100 mAh g−1 at a current density of 3 A g−1 and Coulombic efficiency of ∼100 % with reversible stability over 1400 cycles. Furthermore, the V6O13 cathode exhibited a multi‐ionic capacity of Zn2+‐ and H+‐ions during the Al deposition/dissolution reaction in AAIBs, demonstrating high safety and stability for fast charging.
Evaluation of Italian ryegrass seed dispersal prior to and at wheat harvest in Kentucky
Authors: Herman Amber , Legleiter Travis R.
Published: November 2022

Harvest weed seed control is a potential option to control herbicide‐resistant Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husn.] in Kentucky's soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The use of harvest weed seed control to manage Italian ryegrass seed is only a viable option if Italian ryegrass seed is retained on the seed head up to wheat harvest and can successfully enter the combine at harvest. Italian ryegrass seed retention samples collected from eight wheat fields prior to harvest in 2020 and 2021 showed that 1,070 Italian ryegrass seeds ft−2 remained on the heads, whereas only 138 seeds ft−2 were found on the soil surface. In 2020, no differences were found in the amount of Italian ryegrass seed shattered at the combine's header compared with seed in the combine's grain tank or seed located within the chaff discharged from the combine. In contrast, in 2021 there was less seed shattered at the combine's header than the amount of Italian ryegrass seed found in the grain tank and in the chaff. Across both years, significantly fewer seeds were shattered at the combine's header than the number of seeds that successfully entered into the combine. Overall, this research confirmed that harvest weed seed control may be a viable option for the management of Italian ryegrass in Kentucky's soft red winter wheat.
Photoinduced Dehydrogenative Borylation via Dihydrogen Bond Bridged Electron Donor and Acceptor Complexes**
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Chen Jiaxin , Lin Zhenyang , Quan Yangjian
Published: November 2022

Air‐stable amine‐ and phosphine‐boranes are discovered as donors to integrate with pyridinium acceptor for generating photoactive electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexes. Experimental results and DFT calculations suggest a dihydrogen bond bridging the donor and acceptor. Irradiating the EDA complex enables an intra‐complex single electron transfer to give a boron‐centered radical for dehydrogenative borylation with no need of external photosensitizer and radical initiator. The deprotonation of Wheland‐like radical intermediate rather than its generation is believed to determine the goodortho‐selectivity based on DFT calculations. A variety of α‐borylated pyridine derivatives have been readily synthesized with good functional group tolerance.
Pushing Photochemistry into Water: Acceleration of the Di‐π‐Methane Rearrangement and the Paternó‐Büchi Reaction “On‐Water”
Authors: Schulte Robin , Löcker Marco , Ihmels Heiko , Heide Maximilian , Engelhard Carsten
Published: November 2022

Two representative organic photoreactions, namely a bimolecular photocycloaddition and a monomolecular photorearrangement, are presented that are accelerated when the reaction is performed “on‐water”, that is, at the water‐substrate interface with no solvation of the reaction components. According to the established models of ground‐state reactions “on‐water”, the enhanced efficiency of the photoreactions is explained by hydrophobic effects (Paternó‐Büchi reaction) or specific hydrogen bonding (di‐π‐methane rearrangement) at the water‐substrate interface that decrease the energy of the respective transition state. These results point to the potential of this approach to conduct photoreactions more efficiently in an ecologically favorable medium.
Nucleic Acid‐Backboned Chimeric Polymers with Designable Physics and Chemistry
Authors: Wang Jiangming , Dong Yuanchen , Liu Huajie , Liu Dongsheng
Published: November 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The chain effect of polymer is the kernel of the precise synthesis of complex polymer compounds and the development of polymer science. Nucleic acids, a special type of polyester, can form supramolecular polymers via hydrogen bonds among corresponding bases. We focused on the precise control of polymer chains and proposed the concept of “nucleic acid‐backboned chimeric polymers” (NCPs). There are three important elements of NCPs, namely nucleic acid backbone, side group and intra‐/inter‐chain weak interactions. In this review, we expound how to realize the construction of intelligent DNA structures through the regulation of these three elements and the applications of NCPs in various fields.

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

Nucleic acid‐backboned chimeric polymers, frame guided assembly and kinetically interlocking multiple‐units (KIMU) strategy.

How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?

I was always interested in how life is organized from molecules since my college time. During my PhD, I started to realize the important roles of the natural polymers and their essential feature in chain effect. When I set up my own research group in 2005, I focused on the investigation in nucleic acid‐backboned chimeric polymers, which provide an optimal model for the study of precise controllable polymer synthesis, assembly and functions, benefiting the understanding of the life science.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Thinking deeply and working hard.

How do you keep balance between research and family?

I am always working hard when I work, but I always remind myself to enjoy my family and spare time.

What are your favorite journals?

Nature, Science, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, and Advanced Materials.

What are your hobbies?

Travel; cooking.
When Two Become One: Conformational Changes in FXR/RXR Heterodimers Bound to Steroidal Antagonists
Authors: Díaz‐Holguín Alejandro , Rashidian Azam , Pijnenburg Dirk , Monteiro Ferreira Glaucio , Stefela Alzbeta , Kaspar Miroslav , Kudova Eva , Poso Antti , van Beuningen Rinie , Pavek Petr , Kronenberger Thales
Published: November 2022

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor with an essential role in regulating bile acid synthesis and cholesterol homeostasis. FXR activation by agonists is explained by an αAF‐2‐trapping mechanism; however, antagonism mechanisms are diverse. We discuss microsecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations investigating our recently reported FXR antagonists 2a and 2 h. We study the antagonist‐induced conformational changes in the FXR ligand‐binding domain, when compared to the synthetic (GW4064) or steroidal (chenodeoxycholic acid, CDCA) FXR agonists in the FXR monomer or FXR/RXR heterodimer r, and in the presence and absence of the coactivator. Our MD data suggest ligand‐specific influence on conformations of different FXR‐LBD regions, including the α5/α6 region, αAF‐2, and α9‐11. Changes in the heterodimerization interface induced by antagonists seem to be associated with αAF‐2 destabilization, which prevents both co‐activator and co‐repressor recruitment. Our results provide new insights into the conformational behaviour of FXR, suggesting that FXR antagonism/agonism shift requires a deeper assessment than originally proposed by crystal structures.
Cutoff values of PD‐L1 expression in urinary cytology samples for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Chen Ya , Fu Jia , Li Zhiyong , Chen Qunxi , Zhang Jing , Yang Yuanzhong , Yang Ping , Wang Jiayu , Liu Zhuowei , Cao Yun , Zhang Yijun
Published: November 2022

Background

The objective of this study was to determine the cutoff value of PD‐L1 expression that can predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods

The concordance of PD‐L1 expression between paired surgical resection specimens (SRSs) and urine cell blocks (UCBs) (cohort 1) was studied in a retrospective set of 58 UTUC patients to determine its suitability as a predictor of ICI immunotherapy efficacy. PD‐L1 expression in UCBs obtained before neoadjuvant ICI immunotherapy was verified in a prospective set of 12 UTUC patients (cohort 2). PD‐L1 (SP263 clone) expression was assessed for percentage (tumor proportional score) of tumor cell (TC) showing PD‐L1 staining.

Results

The authors found an overall agreement of 94.4% (51 of 54) between UCBs and SRSs in cohort 1 (positive percent agreement = 100%, negative percent agreement = 93.8%, r value = 0.63). PD‐L1 expression in <10% and ≥10% of tumor cells (TCs) of UCBs were the best predictors of negative (<25%) and positive (≥25%) expression in TCs of SRSs, respectively (concordance = 98.1%, r value = 0.93). These findings were verified in cohort 2: at the 10% cutoff for PD‐L1 expression, the best response predictive value was 83.3% (5 of 6) in PD‐L1‐positive patients, and the nonresponse predictive value was 50% (3 of 6) in PD‐L1‐negative patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for predicting ICI immunotherapy efficacy based on PD‐L1‐expressing TCs in UCBs were 62.5%, 75%, and 0.688, respectively.

Conclusions

Immunocytochemistry of UCBs is reliable for determining PD‐L1 expression, which can predict the efficacy of ICI immunotherapy at a cutoff of 10%.
Guest‐Host Raman under Liquid Nitrogen Spectroscopy for the Acquisition of Improved Vibrational Spectra of Solids
Authors: Lambert Ethan C. , Smith Cameron L. , Compton Robert N. , Hammer Nathan I.
Published: November 2022

The front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Nathan Hammer's group at the University of Mississippi. The image shows the encapsulation of C60 by “iceberg” water, analogous to the methodology the authors implement to acquire enhanced Raman spectra of the fullerene. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200309.
Conventional cytologic diagnosis of human papillomavirus‐induced anal intraepithelial neoplasia: The experience of a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: de Barcellos Lêda Pereira , Coutinho José Ricardo Hildebrandt , Cytryn Andrea , Russomano Fabio Bastos
Published: November 2022

Background

Screening of anal cancer is rarely available or performed in Brazil. This study analyzes the diagnostic performance of conventional cytology (CC) in the prevention of anal cancer in a coloproctology and gynecology outpatient clinics in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods

From 2005 to 2017, 1066 conventional cytological samples were collected. We analyze the causes of unsatisfactory samples (11.3%) and compare the cytological diagnoses of 83 samples from persons living with HIV and persons not living with HIV and in specific situations, using as the gold standard high‐resolution anoscopy or histopathology in cases biopsied within 6 months after cytology.

Results

The sensitivity of cytology with diagnosis of ASC‐US for detection of anal intraepithelial neoplasia of any grade was 85%, specificity was 41%, positive and negative predictive values were 64% and 75%, respectively, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.46 and 0.35, respectively.

Conclusion

Conventional cytology available in resource‐limited settings is a simple, noninvasive, low‐cost method that proved feasible for outpatient screening of precursor lesions of the anal canal.
Combined effects of landscape composition and agrochemicals on frog communities amid sugarcane‐dominated agroecosystems
Authors: Sánchez‐Domene David , da Silva Fernando R. , Provete Diogo B. , Navarro‐Lozano Alba , Acayaba Raphael D. , Montagner Cassiana C. , Rossa‐Feres Denise de C. , López‐Iborra Germán M. , Almeida Eduardo A.
Published: November 2022

Global demand for crops will continue increasing over the next few decades to cover both food and biofuel needs. This demand will put further pressure to expand arable land and replace natural habitats. However, we are only beginning to understand the combined effects of agrochemicals and land‐use change on tropical freshwater biodiversity. In this study, we analyzed how pond‐dwelling anuran larvae responded to pond characteristics, landscape composition, and agrochemical contamination in a sugarcane‐dominated agroecosystem in Brazil. Then we used an information theoretical approach with generalized linear models to relate species richness and abundance to predictor variables. The variation in tadpole abundance was associated with both agrochemical concentration (e.g., ametryn, diuron, and malathion) and landscape variables (e.g., percentage of forest, percentage of agriculture, and distance to closest forest). The relationship between species abundance and agrochemicals was species‐specific. For example, the abundances of Scinax fuscovarius and Physalaemus nattereri were negatively associated with ametryn, and Dendropsophus nanus was negatively associated with tebuthiuron, whereas that of Leptodactylus fuscus was positively associated with malathion. Conversely, species richness was associated with distance to forest fragments and aquatic vegetation heterogeneity, but not agrochemicals. Although we were unable to assign a specific mechanism to the variation in tadpole abundance based on field observations, the lower abundance of three species in ponds with high concentrations of agrochemicals suggest they negatively impact some frog species inhabiting agroecosystems. We recommend conserving ponds near forest fragments, with abundant stratified vegetation, and far from agrochemical runoffs to safeguard more sensitive pond‐breeding species.
Climate‐mediated population dynamics of a migratory songbird differ between the trailing edge and range core
Authors: Lewis William B. , Cooper Robert J. , Chandler Richard B. , Chitwood Ryan W. , Cline Mason H. , Hallworth Michael T. , Hatt Joanna L. , Hepinstall‐Cymerman Jeff , Kaiser Sara A. , Rodenhouse Nicholas L. , Sillett T. Scott , Stodola Kirk W. , Webster Michael S. , Holmes Richard T.
Published: November 2022

Understanding the demographic drivers of range contractions is important for predicting species' responses to climate change; however, few studies have examined the effects of climate change on survival and recruitment across species' ranges. We show that climate change can drive trailing edge range contractions through the effects on apparent survival, and potentially recruitment, in a migratory songbird. We assessed the demographic drivers of trailing edge range contractions using a long‐term demography dataset for the black‐throated blue warbler (Setophaga caerulescens) collected across elevational climate gradients at the trailing edge and core of the breeding range. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the effect of climate change on apparent survival and recruitment and to forecast population viability at study plots through 2040. The trailing edge population at the low‐elevation plot became locally extinct by 2017. The local population at the mid‐elevation plot at the trailing edge gradually declined and is predicted to become extirpated by 2040. Population declines were associated with warming temperatures at the mid‐elevation plot, although results were more equivocal at the low‐elevation plot where we had fewer years of data. Population density was stable or increasing at the range core, although warming temperatures are predicted to cause population declines by 2040 at the low‐elevation plot. This result suggests that even populations within the geographic core of the range are vulnerable to climate change. The demographic drivers of local population declines varied between study plots, but warming temperatures were frequently associated with declining rates of population growth and apparent survival. Declining apparent survival in our study system is likely to be associated with increased adult emigration away from poor‐quality habitats. Our results suggest that demographic responses to warming temperatures are complex and dependent on local conditions and geographic range position, but spatial variation in population declines is consistent with the climate‐mediated range shift hypothesis. Local populations of black‐throated blue warblers near the warm‐edge range boundary at low latitudes and low elevations are likely to be the most vulnerable to climate change, potentially leading to local extirpation and range contractions.
Unravelling the influence of landscape alteration from flow alteration on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage response in the Delaware River Basin
Authors: Kennen Jonathan G. , Cuffney Thomas F.
Published: November 2022

Quantifying the effects of streamflow alteration on assemblage response is central to understanding the role humans play in shaping aquatic environments. These changes represent a level of complexity that impedes developing quantitative links between flow and ecological response because stream hydrology is strongly intertwined with natural and anthropogenic factors. Better management outcomes require disentangling these linkages. Benthic macroinvertebrate data were combined with GIS‐derived natural and anthropogenic basin characteristics to identify factors associated with changes in flow and assemblage characteristics. Models linking streamflow metrics and macroinvertebrate response at basin‐ and subregion‐scales were developed using boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis. Basin‐scale BRT analyses revealed that links between macroinvertebrate response and streamflow metrics were often obscured, whereas more homogeneous subregions were better able to discern relations with flow. Urban land cover was the primary factor accounting for changes in flow characteristics. Elevation, land cover and high flow frequency were the principal variables driving changes in assemblage structure within subregions. Assemblage metrics and traits were equally useful for building response models and were affected similarly by flow alteration. Our results indicate that response models based on upland and lowland subregions performed better than basin‐scale models. However, when defining subregions, care should be taken to maintain data sufficiency. Developing practical flow‐protection standards that support a balance between human water requirements and ecological integrity requires models that reduce uncertainty and identify management‐relevant drivers. However, effective management often differs by location and models developed at the subregion level may be more applicable to management and stakeholder interests.