bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EWOM, Kepercayaan, Citra Merek Terhadap Niat Pembelian Ulang pada Poliklinik Penyakit dalam di RS ABC Jakarta
Authors: Anjani Herisa , Ruswanti Endang , Indrawati Ratna
Published: September 2022

Mengelola aspek bisnis rumah sakit telah menjadi konsekuensi alami dari era globalisasi.Hasil survey pendahuluan niat pembelian ulang di RS ABC Jakarta, 30% mengatakan akan kembali lagi ke RS ini bila ingin melakukan pemeriksaan ulang. Niat Pembelian Ulang dalam layanan jasa di rumah sakit merupakan kecenderungan pelanggan untuk memanfaatkan layanan kembali RS di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian kausal Structural Equation Model (SEM) berbasis kovarian yakni AMOS, Bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak yang dapat menambah nilai niat pembelian ulang di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel perhitungan hair sebanyak 300 orang pasien rawat jalan poli penyakit dalam. Hasil penelitian: E-WoM berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap niat pembelian ulang melalui kepercayaan pasien berdasarkan hasil pengukuran nilai CR menggunakan SEM dengan bantuan sobel test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, implikasi dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan besarnya pengaruh E-wom dan citra merek melalui kepercayaan pasien yang dapat meningkatkan niat pembelian ulang, ditandai dengan perubahan sistem tarif RS dan relationship marketing dalam memanfaatkan niat pembelian ulang
Gambaran Penggunaan Obat Antidepresan Pada Pasien Depresi Di RSUD Embung Fatimah Kota Batam Periode Januari - Desember 2020
Authors: Nurfahanum Rahmah
Published: September 2022

Latar Belakang: Gangguan jiwa adalah suatu kondisi dimana seseorang mengalami gangguan dalam pikiran, perilaku, dan perasaan yang termanifestasi dalam bentuk sekumpulan gejala atau perubahan perilaku yang bermakna, serta dapat menimbulkan penderitaan dan hambatan dalam menjalankan fungsi orang sebagai manusia. Gangguan jiwa yang umumnya terjadi adalah gangguan depresi. Lebih dari 12 juta orang berusia diatas 15 tahun diperkirakan telah mengalami depresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan data tentang penggunaan antidepresan pada pasien depresi di RSUD Embung Fatimah Kota Batam.Metode: Penelitian berupa studi deskriptif observasional dengan menggunakan data sekunder rekam medik. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh rekam medik pasien depresi yang menggunakan antidepresan pada pasien depresi di RSUD Embung Fatimah Kota Batam Periode Januari – Desember 2020 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dengan teknik total sampling.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa terdapat 44 dari 80 (55%) penderita depresi di RSUD Embung Fatimah Kota Batam yang mendapatkan terapi antidepresan. Dengan proporsi terbanyak pada usia 25-54 tahun (70,4%); jenis kelamin perempuan (56,8%). Didapatkan penggunaan Amitriptilin (86,3%) dan Sertralin (13,6%).Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar pasien depresi di RSUD Embung Fatimah Kota Batam mendapatkan terapi antidepresan sebagai salah satu metode manajemen gejala perilaku dan psikologis depresi.
Penerapan Total Quality Management dan Budaya Keselamatan Pasien untuk Meningkatkan Pencapaian Indikator Keselamatan Pasien Di RSU Gunung Sawo Temanggung
Authors: Dewi Luciana , Aida Mus , Erni Nofi
Published: September 2022

Undang-Undang No. 44 Tahun 2009 tentang rumah sakit, rumah sakit merupakan institusi penyedia layanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat sehingga rumah sakit dituntut selalu memberikan pelayanan yang mengutamakan keselamatan pasien. Insiden keselamatan pasien masih menjadi masalah utama sebagai salah satu indikator Peningkatan Mutu dan Keselamatan Pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui Penerapan Total Quality Management untuk mencapai indikator keselamatan pasien dan meningkatkan mutu keselamatan pasien dengan Budaya Keselamatan Pasien di RSU Gunung Sawo Temanggung. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Peningkatan kualitas di RSU Gunung Sawo Temanggung berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap menjadi semakin lebih baik dari hari ke hari. Kegiatan operasional tenaga non-medis di RSU Gunung Sawo Temanggung berjalan sesuai dengan pedoman-pedoman atau regulasi-regulasi yang telah ditetapkan. Pencapaian dan upaya mempertahankan perbaikan terhadap mutu dan keselamatan pasien dilakukan RSU Gunung Sawo Temanggung berdasar atas hasil capaian mutu. Keberhasilan didokumentasikan dan dijadikan laporan mutu dan keselamatan pasien
Analisis Pengaruh Keputusan Berobat Dalam Memediasi Kunjungan Pasien: Studi SEM Analisis
Authors: Arifka Tahajani Husen Meutia , Andry Andry , Hilmy Reza
Published: September 2022

Keputusan memilih Rumah Sakit sebagai tempat untuk berobat merupakan hal yang dapat mempengaruhi kunjungan pasien karena keputusan berobat mampu  memediasi positip pengaruh motivasi, minat konsumen, persepsi kualitas dan citra merek terhadap kunjungan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh motivasi, minat konsumen, persepsi kualitas dan citra merek  terhadap kunjungan pasien dengan keputusan berobat sebagai variabel intervening di Rumah Sakit A. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif explanatoris kausalitas dengan metode SEM Analisis. Penelitian ini mengambil sample sebanyak 165 pengunjung (pasien) Dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah motivasi, minat konsumen, persepsi kualitas dan citra merek dan variabel terikatnya adalah kunjungan pasien serta keputusan berobat sebagai variabel perantara. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ada dampak langsung dan tidak langsung antara motivasi, minat konsumen, persepsi kualitas dan citra merek  terhadap kunjungan pasien dengan keputusan berobat sebagai variabel intervening di Rumah Sakit A. Meningkatan sistem pemasaran RS dan perbaikan sistem pelayanan kesehatan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi motivasi, minat pasien, persepsi kualitas  dan citra merek dalam memutuskan berobat di RS A yang memberikan pengaruh positip meningkatnya kunjungan pasien
Penerapan Metode TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) dalam Aktualisasi Sistem Informasi Rumah Sakit (SIMRS)
Authors: Hartini Gea Sri , Adhikara Fransiskus , Hilmy Reza
Published: September 2022

Beberapa tahun terakhir, teknologi informasi telah menjadi bagian kekuatan untuk menjalankan kegiatan bisnis.  Namun, sedikit sekali penelitian yang menguji sejauh mana pengaruh pemanfaatan teknologi informasi SIMRS (Sistem Informasi Rumah Sakit) dalam menjalankan operasional layanan di rumah sakit.  Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji secara empiris mengenai persepsi yang memengaruhi pemanfaatan aplikasi SIMRS bagi operasional layanan di RS UKI Jakarta.  Persepsi yang diteliti adalah: persepsi manfaat, persepsi kemudahan penggunaan, dan persepsi perilaku pengguna.  Model yang digunakan untuk menguji penerimaan teknologi adalah Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).  Penelitian ini menggunakan  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan memakai skala ordinal berupa skala Likert 1-4. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional yang diuji menggunakan SEM. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa persepsi manfaat dan persepsi kemudahan penggunaan berpengaruh pada penggunaan aktual sistem.  Sedangkan persepsi perilaku pengguna tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan
Model Perencanaan dan Pengadaan Obat dengan Metode ABC Indeks Kritis (Studi Kasus Di Rumah Sakit Jiwa dr. Soeharto Heerdjan Jakarta)
Authors: Laukati Yune , Mutiara Rina , Erni Nofi
Published: September 2022

Sistem perencanaan dan pengadaan obat merupakan faktor penentu ketersediaan obat dan kebutuhan anggaran. Metode yang baik dapat diterapkan untuk menciptakan sistem perencanaan dan pengadaan obat yang baik, salah satunya dengan metode ABC Indeks Kritis. Dengan metode ini maka dapat dikelompokkan obat prioritas yang memiliki nilai investasi besar. RSJ dr. Soeharto Heerdjan belum pernah melakukan analisis ABC Indeks Kritis dan masalah yang sering terjadi adalah stok obat kosong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis sistem perencanaan dan pengadaan obat di RSJ dr. Soeharto Heerdjan Jakarta. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif, menggunakan data pemakaian obat periode Januari 2020 sampai dengan Juni 2021 dan pengisian kuesioner VEN oleh 15 orang dokter. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode ABC Indeks Kritis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dari 351 jenis obat yang termasuk dalam kelompok A indeks kritis ada 6 jenis (2%), kelompok B indeks kritis ada 119 jenis (33,6%) dan kelompok C indeks kritis ada 226 jenis (64,4%). Obat yang masuk dalam kelompok A indeks kritis adalah obat-obatan psikotropika, yaitu Clozapine 100 mg, Clozapine 25 mg, Trihexyphenidil 2 mg, Risperidone 2 mg, Depakote 500 mg ER, Abilify 10 mg Discmelt. Obat kelompok A indeks kritis menjadi prioritas untuk direncanakan dan diadakan, sehingga pada keenam jenis obat tersebut dilakukan perhitungan perkiraan kebutuhan tahun 2022, EOQ, SS dan ROP dengan hasil sebagai berikut: Clozapine 100 mg kebutuhan 194.844 tablet, EOQ 5.401 tablet, SS 16.953 tablet, ROP 17.654 tablet; Clozapine 25 mg kebutuhan 407.080 tablet, EOQ 21.338 tablet, SS 25.892 tablet, ROP 27.194 tablet; Trihexyphenidil 2 mg kebutuhan 1.695.404 tablet, EOQ 93.399 tablet, SS 29.544 tablet, ROP 33.387 tablet; Risperidone 2 mg kebutuhan 1.073.301 tablet, EOQ 42.897 tablet, SS 12.963 tablet, ROP 14.967 tablet; Depakote 500 mg ER kebutuhan 107.971 tablet, EOQ 3.068 tablet, SS 1.980 tablet, ROP 2.110 tablet; Abilify 10 mg discmelt kebutuhan 99.737 tablet, EOQ 1.426 tablet, SS 587 tablet, ROP 680 tablet. Penerapan model perencanaan dan pengadaan obat dengan metode ABC Indeks Kritis dalam penelitian dapat membantu menentukan prioritas obat, menyesuaikan dengan ketersediaan anggaran tanpa  mengganggu kelancaran pelayanan, dan meningkatkan efisiensi pemakaian obat.
Analisis Cost-Consequences Terapi Penyakit Pneumonia Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Praya, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Wahyuni Lila , Lestari Oktri , Rachman Panca Priyanda Elza , Amanda Fitriani Riri
Published: September 2022

Pneumonia merupakan infeksi saluran pernafasan bagian bawah yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, virus atau jamur dan merupakan masalah utama di bidang kesehatan di negara berkembang maupun negara maju. Antibiotik merupakan pilihan utama dalam pengobatan pneumonia yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Terapi antibiotik yang rasional dalam pengobatan pneumonia merupakan alasan penting perlunya dilakukan analisis farmakoekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran biaya pada terapi pneumonia, proporsi komponen biaya, obat/kombinasi obat yang memiliki efektivitas optimal dan biaya terendah. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian deskriftif non eksperimental dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif dengan metode analisis cost consequences. Data yang diambil adalah data pasien dengan diagnosa utama pneumonia yang dirawat inap dan sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 57 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pasien pneumonia didominasi usia 0-18 tahun (85,96%) dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan rata-rata lama perawatan 3 hari. Proporsi biaya obat (33,00%) dengan antibiotik (14,00%) dan obat suportif/non antibiotik (19,00%). Biaya pengobatan merupakan komponen biaya tertinggi dari seluruh komponen biaya pada pengobatan pneumonia. Biaya terapi penyakit pneumonia tanpa penyakit penyerta antara Rp. 185.808-1.248.018. Biaya terapi penyakit pneumonia dengan penyakit penyerta antara Rp. 249.700-501.939. Obat antibiotik yang paling optimal digunakan pada pasien tanpa penyakit penyerta yaitu kombinasi gentamicin-amoksisilin-ceftriaxon. Obat antibiotik yang paling optimal digunakan pada pasien dengan penyakit penyerta yaitu kombinasi cefotaxim-ceftriaxon. Biaya pengobatan merupakan komponen biaya tertinggi dari seluruh komponen biaya pada pengobatan pneumonia dan antibiotik yang paling optimal digunakan yaitu kombinasi gentamicin-amoksisilin-ceftriaxon (pasien tanpa penyakit penyerta) dan kombinasi cefotaxim-ceftriaxon (pasien dengan penyakit penyerta).
Peran Mediasi Work-Life Balance Terhadap Job Attitude Perawat Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Swasta Tipe B di Jakarta Utara
Authors: Synthia Marshella , Anindita Rina , Indrawati Ratna
Published: September 2022

Rumah sakit membutuhkan perawat dengan job attitude yang tinggi karena perawat akan berkontribusi tinggi dalam memberikan pelayanan yang bermutu dan profesional kepada pasien. Sehingga manajemen rumah sakit perlu mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mendukung pembentukan job attitude pada para perawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh iklim organisasi dan job demand terhadap job attitude perawat rawat inap melalui work-life balance sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode survei ini menggunakan kuesioner. Populasinya adalah seluruh perawat rawat inap yang bekerja di RS swasta tipe B di Jakarta Utara, yang berjumlah 70 orang. Tekhnik pengambilan sampel adalah menggunakan sampel jenuh, sehingga diperoleh sampel 70 responden. Metode analisis data dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak software statistik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian asosiatif kausalitas dengan rancangan potong lintang (cross sectional) dan pendekatan kuantitatif, Hasil penelitian: Iklim organisasi, job demand, dan work-life balance berpengaruh signifikan dan secara simultan terhadap job attitude perawat rawat inap RS swasta tipe B di Jakarta Utara; Variabel work-life balance paling berpengaruh terhadap job attitude perawat rawat inap RS swasta tipe B di Jakarta Utara, dibandingkan dengan ke-dua variabel lainnya. Temuan dalam penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukan untuk manajemen rumah sakit untuk menyusun strategi sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan work-life balance dan job attitude pada perawat.
Analisis Senyawa Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) dalam Sampel Urin Menggunakan Metode Kromatografi dan Spektrometri
Authors: Pratiwi Dianti , Qhoirul Nisa Dila , Martia Elsya , Iduljana Ivan , Dwi Rahmawati Nurma , Anggraini Sridevi
Published: September 2022

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) merupakan obat yang memiliki efek analgesic-antipirek. Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis senyawa parasetamol (acetaminophen) pada urin dengan cara kualitatif menggunakan Gas Chrotography-Mass Spectrometry (CG-MS) dan LC-MS (Liquid Chromathography-Mass Spectrometry). Sampel urin diperoleh dari pasien yang mengkonsumsi paraceramol tanpa mengubah pola konsumsi. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil positif acetaminophen-TMS diperoleh pada sampel urin dari 1 jam hingga sehari setelah mengkonsumsi tablet parasetamol namun diperoleh hasil negative setelah lebih dari 1 hari mengkonsumsi tablet.
Hubungan Kontrol Diri dengan Adiksi Internet pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Fauziah Yani Fifi Siti , Nurmansyah Andri
Published: September 2022

Teknologi yang maju saat ini serta dapat memberikan kemudahan bagi penggunanya salah satunya internet. Keterikatan dengan internet semakin lama akan membentuk sebuah kebiasaan yang disebbut dengan adiksi internet. Selain itu adiksi internet juga memiliki dampak negative yang berpengaruh baik pada kesehatan secara fisik maupun mental. Penggunaan internet yang tidak bijak tidak terlepas dari kontrol diri individu yang menggunakan. Self control ini merupakan kemampuan inndividu dalam mengontrol perilaku yang tidak diharapkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Kuesioner yang digunankan adalah Internet Addiction Test (IAT) Versi Indonesia dalam mengujikan perilaku adiksi internet dan kuesioner kontrol diri dalam mengujikan self control. Didapatkan bahwa nilai Sig. (2-tailed) antara Internet Addiction dan Self Control adalah sebesar 0,002 < 0,05, yang bearti terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel Self Control dengan Internet Addiction. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan mengenai hubungan kontrol diri dengan adiksi internet pada mahasiswa, dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan antara kontrol diri dengan adiksi internet pada mahasiswa
Metode Analisis Kualitatif Senyawa Obat Methamphetamine pada Sampel Rambut
Authors: Nur Annisa Bunga , Mahardika Urbaningrum Lestari , Vauziah Sary Nena , Nurul Sa’adah Cantika , Ichsani Aribowo Audi , Febiola Lubis Christina
Published: September 2022

Metamfetamin (C10H15N) adalah zat psikotropika golongan dua, suatu stimulan yang bekerja pada susunan saraf pusat sehingga menimbulkan kecanduan bila dikonsumsi. Rambut sebagai salah satu bagian tubuh, sering dijadikan sebagai pilihan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan metamfetamin di dalam tubuh. Keuntungannya adalah keberadaan suatu obat dapat bertahan dengan jangka waktu berminggu-minggu hingga berbulan-bulan dalam rambut. Review ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana deteksi metamfetamin pada sampel rambut. Hasilnya, diketahui bahwa deteksi metamfetamin dalam sampel rambut dapat dilakukan dengan metode Ekstraksi Fase Padat atau Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). Prosedur diawali dengan pembuatan pereaksi Marquish dengan mencampur formaldehida 37% dengan asam asetat glasial. Prosedur dilanjutkan dengan preparasi sampel rambut dengan menghaluskan 30-40 mg rambut lalu mencucinya dengan etanol. Setelah itu sampel disonikasi dengan berbagai sistem pelarut pada suhu ruangan selama 30 menit. Pada tahap terakhir, dilakukan ekstraksi kolom dengan memasukkan hasil filtrat ke membrane dasar kolom, kolom dikondisikan, lalu analit hasil sonikasi dimasukkan dan dilakukan pencucian dengan diklorometan:isoproponal sebanyak 4 ml, lalu sampel dielusi dan eluen yang diperoleh diidentifikasi menggunakan reagen marquish.
The Analysis Of Characteristics, Habitat Spatial Distribution, and The Impacts On Anopheles Sp. Larvae Dencities at Perimeter and Buffer Area in The Mota’ain Cross-Border Station Of Port Health Office Kupang 2021
Authors: Darma Bernadinus , Weraman Pius , Ratu Jacob M.
Published: September 2022

East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is still the third largest contributor to Malaria cases in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 12%, Papua (18.4%) and West Papua (26.1%). Directly border with The Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (RDTL) with Mota'ain as the main crossing point, increases the risk of infectious diseases transmission. Mota’ain is located in coastal areas, swamps, river basins, former fish ponds, and rice fields potentially to be Anopheles sp. habitats. The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics and spatial distribution of potential breeding habitats for Anopheles sp. in Mota'ain. This is a descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The Anopheles sp mosquito bionomic area, which included swamps, rice fields, estuaries around the perimeter, and the buffer area of the Mota'ain border, served as the research sample. The spatial regression test was used to analyze the data, and the results revealed three points of Anopheles sp larvae habitats, namely fish ponds, swamps, and river basin. In the buffer area, 24 (80%) of the larvae habitats were found within a 200-meter radius, and 24 (80%) of the larvae habitats were found within a 400-meter radius 6 (20%). There was no habitat found around the perimeter. With a habitat index of 50%, the density of Anopheles sp larvae per catch ranged from 0.04 to 12.03. Anopheles sp larvae discovered included Anopheles Barbirostris, Anopheles Subpictus, and Anopheles Vagus. Swamps have the most habitat (3,004.7 m2), while river basins have the least (3,004.7 m2) (2.93 m2). The Spatial Regression Test revealed that habitat area (p = 0.014), water pH (p = 0.015), and salinity (p = 0.00012) were significant. This means that habitat area, water pH, and salinity all have an effect on Anopheles sp. density, whereas temperature has no effect (p = 0.778). Cleaning aquatic plants and employing larval predators to prevent larval breeding.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja Fisik, Employee Engagement Terhadap Kinerja Perawat di Rumah Sakit Taman Harapan Baru
Authors: Br Ginting Rina Apulina , SpEm Wahyuni , Hilmy Reza
Published: September 2022

Employee perfomance is an important parameter in health services. Increasing the productivity and perfomance of health workes is very important in an effort to increase the efficiency of health services. Nurse perfomance is strongly influenced by knowledge, skills, work motivation, physical work environment, and employee engagement. The aim of this study to analyze the effect of work motivation, physical work environment, and employee engagement on the perfomance of nurses at Taman Haran Baru Hospital. This study is using cross sectional method with total sample of  54 people.  The results of this study have a simultaneous effect between work motivation (p = 0.004), physical work environment (p=0.001), dan employee engagement (p=0.048) on nurse perfomance. Conclussion, Nurses at Taman Harapan Baru Hospital have high work motivation and employee engagement. While the physical work environment is still moderate value. Suggestion to the Taman Harapan Baru Hospital in order to improve the condition of the physical work environment, give appreciation to nurses to create a comfortable environment.
Pola Resistensi Kuman Mycobacterium Tuberculosis terhadap Obat Anti Tuberkulosis Lini Pertama
Authors: Yobeanto Natalia , Lolita Setiawan Theresia
Published: September 2022

Penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru (TB Paru) adalah suatu penyakit kronik menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium Tuberculosis yang masih menjadi masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Salah satu tantangan terbesar dalam program penanggulangan TB saat ini adalah Multi Drug Resistance TB (MDR-TB). Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) merupakan faktor penyulit dalam penanggulangan penyakit TB karena memberikan beban morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi (50–60% dalam lima tahun). Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk menambah pengetahuan tentang pola resistensi obat antituberculosis lini pertama  sehingga dapat mendiagnosis secara dini setiap terduga TB resistan obat, melakukan pencegahan TB resisten obat, serta sebagai acuan untuk melakukan penelitian selanjutnya. Tinjauan literature   ini dilakukan  melalui  penelusuran PubMed dan Google Scholar dengan  artikel  berbahasa  Inggris dan berbahasa Indonesia, kemudian semua  artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dianalisis. Berdasarkan studi literatur dari beberapa penelitian, pola resistensi terbanyak adalah TB resisten rifampisin atau isoniazid diikuti resistensi ganda rifampisin dan isoniazid. Sebagian besar pasien merupakan kasus kambuh. Upaya dalam menegakkan diagnosis resistensi obat TB diawali dengan mengenali faktor risiko dan mempercepat dilakukannya diagnosis laboratorium. Deteksi lebih awal dan memulai terapi TB-MDR merupakan faktor penting mencapai keberhasilan pengobatan.
Metode Validasi Analisis Senyawa Kimia Obat dalam Sampel Biologis (Plasma Darah)
Authors: Fatan Fira Aulia , Qothrunnada Gisel Rizuna , Elsiana Issabella , Ulum Kholifatul , Anisya Kurnia Klaritya , Widyatamaka Shafa Qotrunnada , Paujiah Shipa
Published: September 2022

Plasma darah digunakan sebagai sampel biologis dalam menentukan kadar senyawa obat dikarenakan konsentrasi dari obat akan berikatan dengan reseptornya dan menentukan besar kecilnya efek farmakologi yang diberikan dari suatu obat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keakuratan plasma darah manusia sebagai sampel pada beberapa metode validasi dengan berbagai analit yang berbeda. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan studi literatur pada beberapa jurnal yang kredibel dengan kriteria jurnal 10 tahun terakhir mengenai penentuan kadar senyawa obat dalam darah manusia. Hasil yang didapatkan dari lima analit yang berbeda yaitu glibenklamid kombinasi dengan metformin, formalin, vankomisin, lisinopril dan a-mangostin yang telah dilakukan uji validasi dengan berbagai metode validasi yaitu SPE-MIP dilanjut KCKT, spektorofotometer UV-VIS, KCKT-UV, UPLC dan KLT densitometri dengan menggunakan sampel plasma darah manusia, semuanya memenuhi persyaratan validasi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa, plasma darah manusia yang dijadikan sebagai sampel dalam uji validasi dengan berbagai metode dan analit yang berbeda yang telah dilakukan seluruhnya akurat karena seluruh metode uji validasi memenuhi persyaratan.
The dynamics of Pak-Afghan relations: an analysis of (mis)trust between the two countries from 2001-2018
Authors: Idrees Muhammad , Naazer Manzoor Ahmad
Published: September 2022

Pakistan and Afghanistan share the contiguity of neighbourhood and bonds of Islam. Despite linguistic, cultural and traditional similarities, their relations have remained in a spin. Pakistan and Afghanistan are geographically so dependent on each other that the effects of war and peace could be felt on both sides of the borders. Many factors are involved in upsetting these relations: the hostility of Afghan rulers and their tilt towards India since Pakistan’s independence; Durand Line and Pakhtunistan issues and Pakistan's role during the Soviet-Afghan war (1979-1989) in supporting the Afghan Jihadists. Pak-Afghan relations remained exemplary during the Taliban rule (1996-2001). The paper explores: a) Pak-Afghan relations during President Hamid Karzai's rule; b) the relations under President Ashraf Ghani; c) India's role in sabotaging the relations; and d) Pakistan's efforts in Afghanistan’s rebuilding and reconstruction process. The study finds that the dynamics of relations in the post-9/11 era were not cordial and there was a great trust deficit between the two countries during different US-led regimes. The paper is based on historical legacies and an analytical understanding of them. The previous research on the subject did not fully explore the era between 2001-2018, which this study aims to fulfil.
Aşağıdan Yukarıya Endüstri 4.0 Dönüşüm Yaklaşımı: Yalın Yönetim
Authors: GERGER Atakan
Published: September 2022

Endüstri 4.0 çağıyla birlikte; dijitalleşme çok hızlı bir şekilde hem kişisel hem de iş yaşantımızı etkilemeye başlamıştır. Özellikle endüstriyel firmalar küresel piyasalardaki değişimlere tepki verebilmek, rekabetçi konumlarını koruyabilmek ve güçlendirebilmek amacıyla Endüstri 4.0 bileşenlerini kullanmak istemektedirler. Bu doğrultuda firmalar; Endüstri 4.0 uygulamalarının belirlenmesi, bunlara karşılık gelen çözümleri üretebilmesi ve uygulanması için metodolojik bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Bunun için firmalar, Endüstri 4.0 dönüşümlerinde kullanılan ‘yukarıdan aşağıya’ ve ‘aşağıdan yukarıya’ yaklaşımlarından birini tercih etmektedir. Yukarıdan aşağıya dönüşümler strateji üretme, strateji uygulama ve strateji geliştirme olarak üç aşamada gerçekleştirilmektedir. Kültürel değişim bu yaklaşımın temel omurgasını oluşturmaktadır. Buna karşın; Yalın Yönetim felsefesi üzerine kurulu olan ‘aşağıdan yukarıya’ yaklaşımda Yalın Yönetim prensipleri ve araçları üzerine dijital dönüşüm gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu yaklaşım ile sürekli iyileştirme anlayışı baz alındığından Endüstri 4.0 dönüşüm çalışmaları daha kolay ve etkin olmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu yaklaşımla dijital israfların oluşmasının önüne geçilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; Endüstri 4.0 dönüşüm metodu olarak ‘aşağıdan yukarıya yaklaşım’ tercih edilmiştir. Bunun üç önemli nedeni bulunmaktadır. Birincisi; Endüstri 4.0 fikrinin ortaya çıktığı ve çok başarılı uygulamaların gerçekleştirildiği Almanya’da Endüstri 4.0 dönüşümünde aşağıdan yukarıya yaklaşımının öncelikli tercih edilmesidir. Almanya, Endüstri 4.0 dönüşümlerde firmalarına destek olmak ve aşağıdan yukarıya yaklaşımı teşvik etmek amacıyla VDA Endüstri 4.0 kitapçığını yayınlamıştır. Dönüşüm çalışmalarını bu kılavuz doğrultusunda desteklemekte ve yönlendirmektedir. İkincisi; Türkiye'deki Endüstri 4.0 dönüşüm çalışmaları ile ilgili literatür incelendiğinde her iki yaklaşım ile ilgili bir kaynak tespit edilememiştir. Bu nedenle; hem literatürdeki bu boşluğu doldurmak ve hem de literatüre Endüstri 4.0 dönüşüm stratejisinden biri olan 'aşağıdan yukarıya yaklaşım' hakkında özgün bir kaynak sağlanmak istenmesidir. Üçüncüsü; literatürde yer alan kaynakların daha çok Endüstri 4.0’ın önemini vurgulayan ve yararlarını anlatan bir nitelik taşıdığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada ise sadece Endüstri 4.0’ın önemini ya da gerekliliğini vurgulamak için amaçlanmamış aynı zamanda Endüstri 4.0 dönüşümlerin gerçekleştirilmesinde aşağıdan yukarıya yaklaşımın uygulanması için gereklilikler belirtilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın bir kılavuz olarak endüstriye ve akademiye temel teşkil etmesi hedeflenmektedir.
PENDAMPINGAN PENYUSUNAN MENU MAKAN LANSIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SISTEM IMUN DI MASA PANDEMIC COVID 19
Authors: Sitasari Almira , Wirawan Susilo , Asih Esthy Rahman
Published: September 2022

Kelompok lanjut usia (lansia) dan pra-lansia merupakan kelompok yang sangat rentan terhadap penyakit di antaranya(Sulistyawati,2021) Diabetes Mellitus, hipertensi dan asma yang akan meningkatkan keparahan gejala pada lansia yang tertular infeksi covid-19(Syarifah & Sugiharto, 2021).Tingginya angka kematian lansia dimasa pandemi Covid-19 berdampak pula terhadap kondisi psikologis lansia seperti kecemasan, kondisi ini dapat menurunkan daya tahan tubuh lansia, apalagi lansia yang memiliki penyakit comorbid (Guslinda et al., 2020). Kader dapat memantau pola makan lansia setiap bulan di Posyandu dan dapat memberi edukasi pada lansia. Oleh karena itu pemberdayaan kader melalui kegiatan diklat pendampingan penyusunan menu makan lansia diharapkan dapat menjadi upaya dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian berbagai penyakit pada lansia. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan mempertahankan dan meningkatkan imunitas bagi Lansia melalui penyusunan menu gizi seimbang pada masa pandemi covid-19. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah keluarga di Dusun Sembung, Desa Balecatur dan kader di wilayah Puskesmas Gamping 1. Dalam kegiatan edukasi materi tentang kekebalan tubuh bagi Lansia, pangan fungsional dan penyusunan menu makanan Lansia  yang disampaikan oleh 3 orang narasumber dengan menggunakan media ppt, daftar bahan makanan penukar  dengan menggunakan metode berupa ceramah, diskusi (tanya jawab) dan praktik. Sebelum dan setelah kegiatan diklat diberikan pretest dan post test untuk menilai apakah ada peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan lansia tentang makanan yang sesuai untuk peningkatan imunitas tubuh bagi peserta.  Berdasarkan hasil pretest dan post test diketahui bahwa sebanyak 87,5% mengalami kenaikan nilai pretest ke post test dengan peningkatan dari rata-rata nilai 73,75 meningkat menjadi 95,63. Beberapa saran yang dapat diberikan di antaranya adalah bagi ahli gizi untuk melakukan pengawasan dan pemantauan secara terus menerus terhadap kegiatan posyandu lansia.  Bagi  kader posyandu diharapkan dapat memberikan motivasi kepada lansia di wilayah kerjanya dan memberikan edukasi pentingnya menjaga status kesehatannya.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Electronic Commerce User’s Behaviour
Authors: Goel Vanshika , Bhalla Divya , Bhardwaj Tanish , Bansal Sakshi
Published: September 2022

The worldwide coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has rendered establishing business extremely challenging. As international borders collapse, brick-and-mortar shops lock their doors, and consumers are advised to stay home alone, enterprises are faced with a number of new issues. With personnel facing seasons of financial uncertainty and anxieties, several enterprises are considering temporary or even permanent closure. Massive changes in consumer behavior had to be made right away. People in isolation or on lockdown are unable to go about their normal business because nearby stores were compelled to close their doors for everyone's protection. This study aims to investigate the effects of COVID-19's scope on Indian e-commerce companies. This study investigates if the coronavirus caused an increase in e-commerce.
Impact of Education on Women Empowerment in India
Authors: Mittal Ashish
Published: September 2022

Women's empowerment is the process in which women expand and recreate what it is that they can be, do, and accomplish in a circumstance that they previously were denied. And, that is possible only when we educate a woman that does not only mean a school’s conventional learning but also refers to every form of education that aims at improving the knowledge, and to develop the vocational skills. Women’s education and their empowerment is still a very hot topic of discussion in India that needs to be addressed for the development of the country.  According to the statistics released by the latest census of 2011, India’s female literacy rate is 65.46%, significantly lower than the world average of 79.7% as well as approximately 15% lower than the literacy rate of men in India. China, India’s neighbour and the other global human resource powerhouse, precedes with 82.7% female literacy rate. Though The Right to Education (RtE) Act, introduced in 2009 making elementary education free and compulsory in the country, has been a shot in the arm for many, still the statistics do not sound good at all. Indeed, India has seen a rapid growth and the development of Women for Education in past years after implementing some women-friendly campaigns such as "Beti Padhao, Beti Bachao" so well but the Indian development model has yet to completely incorporate the important role played by women for propelling the socio-economic growth. Rather the culture of many Indian families of spending much more money on the marriages of the girls more than their education especially in higher and specialized education is pulling our country back-foot. Here, a big question also arises that how many Indian women are encouraged and aware about the government plans also for fostering Vocational and Technical education for girls as well as for providing them with the employability in different areas.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Imaging Appearance Glioblastoma Multiforme on MRI and MRS
Authors: Nasreen Naz  , Arti Chandani  , Areej Fatima  , Nida Rafique  , Javerya Sattar
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced MRI with conventional sequences and MR Spectroscopy in the diagnosis of Glioblastoma Multiforme, taking histopathology as the gold standard. We also determined the MR imaging appearance of GBM on conventional sequences.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from 19th August 2019 to 18th August 2020 on 165 adult patients suspected of having an intracranial space-occupying lesion. Informed consent was sought and a questionnaire was filled out for patient data, MRI imaging findings, and MRS results.

Histopathology results were subsequently followed and recorded. The diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced MRI brain as well as MRS was determined in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy, taking histopathology as gold standard.

Results: In a total of 165 patients selected for the study, the mean age was 56.34Â±10.04 years with a male to female ratio of 1:1 and the frontal lobe being the most common location (34.5%). In histopathological positive GBM cases, margins of the mass were ill-defined in 55.1%, intralesional low ADC values were observed in 63.3%, signal drop out on susceptibility imaging in 42.8%, and MRS with raised choline and reduced NAA in 75.5%. MRI had a sensitivity of 81.6% and  specificity of 94.8%, and MRS has a sensitivity of 75.5% and a specificity of 100%.

Conclusion: Ill-defined margins, necrosis, and hemorrhage are important MRI features suggesting GBM. MRS combined with conventional MR sequences has high sensitivity and specificity in its diagnosis.
Wild Animal Classifier Using CNN
Authors: Sahil Faizal  , Sanjay Sundaresan
Published: September 2022

Classification and identification of wild animals for tracking and protection purposes has become increasingly important with the deterioration of the environment, and technology is the agent of change which augments this process with novel solutions. Computer vision is one such technology which uses the abilities of artificial intelligence and machine learning models on visual inputs. Convolution neural networks (CNNs) have multiple layers which have different weights for the purpose of prediction of a particular input. The precedent for classification, however, is set by the image processing techniques which provide nearly ideal input images that produce optimal results. Image segmentation is one such widely used image processing method which provides a clear demarcation of the areas of interest in the image, be it regions or objects. The Efficiency of CNN can be related to the preprocessing done before training. Further, it is a well-established fact that heterogeneity in image sources is detrimental to the performance of CNNs. Thus, the added functionality of heterogeneity elimination is performed by the image processing techniques, introducing a level of consistency that sets the tone for the excellent feature extraction and eventually in classification.
Anharmonic Properties of Rocksalt Structure Solids of TOECs
Authors: K. S. Kushwaha
Published: September 2022

An effort has been made for obtaining the anharmonic properties of rocksalt structure solid starting from primary physical parameters VIZ. nearest neighbour distance and hardness parameter assuming long- and short-range potentials at an elevated temperature.The elastic energy density for a deformed crystal is expanded as power series of strains for obtaining coefficients of quadratic cubic and quartic terms which are known as the second, third and fourth order elastic constant respectively.When the values of the higher order elastic constants are known for a crystal, many of the anharmonic properties of the crystal can be treated within the limit of the continuum approximation in a quantitative manner.The higher order elastic constant are computed at 300K for rocksalt structure solids which are Alkali cyanides, Sodium and Potassium Halides. The first order pressure derivatives of second and third order elastic constants, the second order pressure derivative of second order elastic constant and partial contractions are evaluated at room temperature for these substances. The results thus obtained are compared with experimental and theoretical data and found in well agreement with present values.
Anharmonic Properties of Rocksalt Structure Solids of SOECs
Authors: K. S. Kushwaha
Published: September 2022

An effort has been made for obtaining the anharmonic properties of rocksalt structure solid starting from primary physical parameters VIZ. nearest neighbour distance and hardness parameter assuming long- and short-range potentials at an elevated temperature. The elastic energy density for a deformed crystal is expanded as power series of strains for obtaining coefficients of quadratic cubic and quartic terms which are known as the second, third and fourth order elastic constant respectively. When the values of the higher order elastic constants are known for a crystal, many of the anharmonic properties of the crystal can be treated within the limit of the continuum approximation in a quantitative manner. The higher order elastic constant are computed at 300K for rocksalt structure solids which are Alkali cyanides, Sodium and Potassium Halides. The first order pressure derivatives of second and third order elastic constants, the second order pressure derivative of second order elastic constant and partial contractions are evaluated at room temperature for these substances. The results thus obtained are compared with experimental and theoretical data and found in well agreement with present values.
Pelvic floor muscle strength in women with diabetes
Authors: Jeslin G.N.  , Kamalakannan M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence linked to the alterations in the lifestyle, growing obesity rates and ageing. Women with insulin resistance (IR)/high insulin levels have worse electromyographic activity in the PFMs than women without IR/high insulin levels which prove the effect of IR/high insulin levels on PFMs. This study aimed at assessing and strengthening the pelvic floor muscles in women with diabetes and urinary incontinence.
 
Materials and Methods: The subjects were diabetic women of age group 45-55 with urinary incontinence assigned to one of two groups namely the group A (experimental group) and the group B (control group) which consisted of 30 patients each. The strength of the pelvic floor muscle was measured by vaginal examination prior and after the treatment and a Kegels Perineometer was inserted to measure the Strength of contraction (MOS), Length of hold (s), Repetitions (n) and Fast contractions (n) for both the groups. Experimental group was advised to do pelvic floor strengthening exercises in various positions with differing durations and increasing repetitions while control group received the regular physiotherapy care.
 
Results: The results revealed that there was significant increase in the pelvic floor strengths in both the groups but while comparing the post test results of both the groups there was a significant higher strength of contraction, length of hold, repetitions and fast contractions scores in experimental group.
 
Conclusion: It is evident from the study that performing the pelvic floor strengthening exercises in various positions as in the experimental group exhibited more improved post test results which proved to show reduced symptoms of urinary incontinence and improved quality of life than that of the subjects in the control group.
Effect of lifestyle intervention in Type II diabetes
Authors: Vijayashankar Uma , Rajalakshmi R.  , Ramya C.M.  , Bhanu Kumar  , Smitha M.C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Sedentary habits, unhealthy dietary patterns and psychological stress are the major potential problems for the advancements of a various life style disorders like Diabetes mellitus. Yoga is a lifestyle intervention, an effort to keep the condition under control and ameliorate overall quality of life. The idea of this research study among Type II diabetics is to assess the effectiveness of metabolic control with life style intervention (yoga) for 6 months.
 
Materials and Methods: 200 subjects aged 30–60 years of either gender recently diagnosed with Type II diabetes were randomized into 4 groups and were given 6 months intervention which included supervised regular yoga practice, diet and educational sessions. Weight, BMI, glucose, HbA1c, Insulin and lipid profile were measured before commencement, and after 6 months of the intervention. The statistical methods‘t’ test and ANOVA were applied to assess the “mean and difference” at p value 0.05.
 
Results: Alterations in the life style of Type II diabetics with the intervention of  yoga, diet and educational sessions showed a significant profitable impact on weight, BMI, fasting glucose,  insulin, HbA1c, and lipid profile.
 
Conclusion: Short term interventions produced positive modest changes in metabolic control. These lifestyle modifications with the intervention of yoga and diet counselling is effective in the management of  weight loss, glycemic control, plasma  Insulin and lipid profile levels which on longer duration may yield a better effective result along with constant motivation.
Stress among medical students and its impact on academic performance
Authors: Pratima Khatake  , Havilah Twinkle  , Akshay Salgar
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Stress is the response given by the human body to various changes which needs physical, mental or physiological adaptation. The inordinate stress during medical education incline students in solving social conflicts, dropped attention, reduced mindfulness, decreased neutrality, increased errors and misconduct like negligence which leads to decrease in academic performance. Hence, this study was undertaken to know the prevalence and impact of stress in medical students’ academic performance.
 
Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study organized by the Department of Physiology, Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Srikakulam (AP). All medical students pursuing their 2nd  and 3rd  MBBS were included in the study. Students on any antipsychotic medicine; not willing to participate were excluded. Informed written consent was taken from subjects. Approval was taken from the Institutional Ethical Committee prior to the study. Data were collected using K-10 questionnaire for stress and academic performance.
 
Results: The prevalence of stress was mild, moderate, severe among 12%, 69%, 19% subjects respectively. Statistically significant negative association was found between stress and academic performance (p<0.05).
 
Conclusion: A high prevalence of stress was found amongst medical students. Poor academic performance was seen in students associated with higher level of stress.
Hematological profile of COVID-19 patients in Ramanagar district, Karnataka - A cross sectional study
Authors: Anil Kumar H.  , Archana Shetty  , Prashanth Kumar M.  , Veena C N
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which rapidly evolved into a pandemic infecting humans all over the world. Whether hematologic and immunologic responses play a crucial role in progression of COVID-19 is still not clear. Increasing scientific evidence has shown that abnormalities in routine hematological tests, have the potential to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection in an economical way. Major laboratory changes indicating systemic inflammation and multi-organ impairment including hematopoietic system leading to lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia, eosinopenia, mild thrombocytopenia and ratios derived from these hematological parameters indicated severe disease and/or fatal outcomes. The aim was to study the hematological profile of Covid-19 patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital at Ramanagar district.
 
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 260 confirmed cases of Covid-19 diagnosed at a tertiary health care centre. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were extracted from the institutional electronic medical records after obtaining permission from the concerned authorities. From CBC test results obtained neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was derived.
 
Results: The present study revealed that majority of Covid positive patients   presented with lymphopenia. While a  significant association was observed between N/L ratio and disease severity, no significant association was seen between platelet count and severity of the disease.
 
Conclusion: Since the results of the present study features lymphopenia among large proportion of patients and elevated N/L ratio among critically ill patients these markers could be utilized as useful prognostic indicators during the initial assessment of disease severity and thus appropriate management can be planned for such patients before the condition of the patient deteriorates.