bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hierarchical Approach for Predicting Sport Consumption Behavior: A Personality and Needs Perspective
Authors: Ko Yong Jae , Chang Yonghwan , Jang Wonseok , Sagas Michael , Spengler John Otto
Published: October 2016

The present study was conducted to explore the influence of personality and needs of sport consumers on their sport consumption behavior. The proposed hierarchical model of sport consumption hypothesizes that individuals’ personality, need traits, and involvement interact through hierarchical stages and ultimately influence sport participation and spectatorship. The results of the structural model test using 471 sport consumers indicate that conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion were positively related to achievement need, whereas extraversion and neuroticism were significantly related to affiliation need. Conscientiousness was found to be positively related to arousal need. Needs for arousal and affiliation were significantly related to sport spectatorship involvement, whereas need for affiliation was related to sport participation involvement. Interestingly, sport spectating and participation are significantly related to each other in both involvement and behavioral intention levels. The results can offer valuable insights in understanding sport consumption behavior and developing effective segmentation strategies.
Re-Immersing Into Elite Swimming Culture: A Meta-Autoethnography by a Former Elite Swimmer
Authors: McMahon Jenny , McGannon Kerry
Published: October 2016

This paper presents two meta-autoethnographies written by a former elite swimmer. In the first metaautoethnography, the swimmer revealed doubts in relation to details, emotions and inner-thoughts that she had included in her historical autoethnographic work. As a means of sorting and pondering these tensions and uncertainties, the swimmer explored cultural re-immersion as a possible additional element in the metaautoethnographic process. The second meta-autoethnography centers on the swimmer’s re-immersion into elite swimming culture. It was revealed how cultural re-immersion enabled the swimmer to better reflect on her historical autoethnographic work by providing a more conscientized, rational and reflexive voice. This research highlights how cultural re-immersion should be considered as an additional element in the metaautoethnographic process as it benefits both the author and also audience.
Promiscuous targeting of bromodomains by bromosporine identifies BET proteins as master regulators of primary transcription response in leukemia
Authors: Picaud Sarah , Leonards Katharina , Lambert Jean-Philippe , Dovey Oliver , Wells Christopher , Fedorov Oleg , Monteiro Octovia , Fujisawa Takao , Wang Chen-Yi , Lingard Hannah , Tallant Cynthia , Nikbin Nikzad , Guetzoyan Lucie , Ingham Richard , Ley Steven V. , Brennan Paul , Muller Susanne , Samsonova Anastasia , Gingras Anne-Claude , Schwaller Juerg , Vassiliou George , Knapp Stefan , Filippakopoulos Panagis
Published: October 2016

BET bromodomains are unique targeting modules that mediate primary transcription response.
Impact ejecta at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary
Authors: Schaller Morgan F. , Fung Megan K. , Wright James D. , Katz Miriam E. , Kent Dennis V.
Published: October 2016

An impactful event

Glassy silica spherules have been found in marine sediments from three sites across a wide area off the Atlantic coast of the United States, near the stratigraphic level of the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. The characteristics of these specimens are consistent with those of microtektites associated with extraterrestrial impact events. This discovery by Schaller
et al.
is evidence of an impact event at the time of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, a period during which global temperatures increased rapidly and the carbon cycle was substantially perturbed.

Science
, this issue p.
225
Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests
Authors: Liang Jingjing , Crowther Thomas W. , Picard Nicolas , Wiser Susan , Zhou Mo , Alberti Giorgio , Schulze Ernst-Detlef , McGuire A. David , Bozzato Fabio , Pretzsch Hans , de-Miguel Sergio , Paquette Alain , Hérault Bruno , Scherer-Lorenzen Michael , Barrett Christopher B. , Glick Henry B. , Hengeveld Geerten M. , Nabuurs Gert-Jan , Pfautsch Sebastian , Viana Helder , Vibrans Alexander C. , Ammer Christian , Schall Peter , Verbyla David , Tchebakova Nadja , Fischer Markus , Watson James V. , Chen Han Y. H. , Lei Xiangdong , Schelhaas Mart-Jan , Lu Huicui , Gianelle Damiano , Parfenova Elena I. , Salas Christian , Lee Eungul , Lee Boknam , Kim Hyun Seok , Bruelheide Helge , Coomes David A. , Piotto Daniel , Sunderland Terry , Schmid Bernhard , Gourlet-Fleury Sylvie , Sonké Bonaventure , Tavani Rebecca , Zhu Jun , Brandl Susanne , Vayreda Jordi , Kitahara Fumiaki , Searle Eric B. , Neldner Victor J. , Ngugi Michael R. , Baraloto Christopher , Frizzera Lorenzo , Bałazy Radomir , Oleksyn Jacek , Zawiła-Niedźwiecki Tomasz , Bouriaud Olivier , Bussotti Filippo , Finér Leena , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Jucker Tommaso , Valladares Fernando , Jagodzinski Andrzej M. , Peri Pablo L. , Gonmadje Christelle , Marthy William , O’Brien Timothy , Martin Emanuel H. , Marshall Andrew R. , Rovero Francesco , Bitariho Robert , Niklaus Pascal A. , Alvarez-Loayza Patricia , Chamuya Nurdin , Valencia Renato , Mortier Frédéric , Wortel Verginia , Engone-Obiang Nestor L. , Ferreira Leandro V. , Odeke David E. , Vasquez Rodolfo M. , Lewis Simon L. , Reich Peter B.
Published: October 2016

Global biodiversity and productivity

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity has been explored in detail in herbaceous vegetation, but patterns in forests are far less well understood. Liang
et al.
have amassed a global forest data set from >770,000 sample plots in 44 countries. A positive and consistent relationship can be discerned between tree diversity and ecosystem productivity at landscape, country, and ecoregion scales. On average, a 10% loss in biodiversity leads to a 3% loss in productivity. This means that the economic value of maintaining biodiversity for the sake of global forest productivity is more than fivefold greater than global conservation costs.

Science
, this issue p.
196
Making the most of materials computations
Authors: Thygesen Kristian S. , Jacobsen Karsten W.
Published: October 2016

Databases of theoretical structures and properties of materials can speed real-world discovery
Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Shows Faster Clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA with Higher Levels of Rifapentine Exposure
Authors: Jayakumar A. , Savic R. M. , Everett C. K. , Benator D. , Alland D. , Heilig C. M. , Weiner M. , Friedrich S. O. , Martinson N. A. , Kerrigan A. , Zamudio C. , Goldberg S. V. , Whitworth W. C. , Davis J. L. , Nahid P.
Published: October 2016

The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is both sensitive and specific as a diagnostic test. Xpert also reports quantitative output in cycle threshold (

C
T

) values, which may provide a dynamic measure of sputum bacillary burden when used longitudinally. We evaluated the relationship between Xpert

C
T

trajectory and drug exposure during tuberculosis (TB) treatment to assess the potential utility of Xpert

C
T

for treatment monitoring. We obtained serial sputum samples from patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB who were consecutively enrolled at 10 international clinical trial sites participating in study 29X, a CDC-sponsored Tuberculosis Trials Consortium study evaluating the tolerability, safety, and antimicrobial activity of rifapentine at daily doses of up to 20 mg/kg of body weight. Xpert was performed at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12. Longitudinal

C
T

data were modeled using a nonlinear mixed effects model in relation to rifapentine exposure (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC]). The rate of change of

C
T

was higher in subjects receiving rifapentine than in subjects receiving standard-dose rifampin. Moreover, rifapentine exposure, but not assigned dose, was significantly associated with rate of change in

C
T

(
P
= 0.02). The estimated increase in

C
T

slope for every additional 100 μg · h/ml of rifapentine drug exposure (as measured by AUC) was 0.11

C
T

/week (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05 to 0.17). Increasing rifapentine exposure is associated with a higher rate of change of Xpert

C
T

, indicating faster clearance of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
DNA. These data suggest that the quantitative outputs of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay may be useful as a dynamic measure of TB treatment response.
Commentary: Molecular Assay Validation Using Genomic Sequence Databases
Authors: Dekker John P.
Published: October 2016

Whole-genome sequence databases offer new
in silico
approaches for designing and validating PCR assays in the clinical microbiology laboratory. An article in this issue of the
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
(M. J. Jansen van Rensburg, C. Swift, A. J. Cody, C. Jenkins, and M. C. J. Maiden, J Clin Microbiol, 54:2882–2890, 2016,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01522-16
) demonstrates the use of publicly available genomic sequence data to evaluate a PCR assay for distinguishing
Campylobacter
species.
Influence of Plasmid Type on the Replication of Rhodococcus equi in Host Macrophages
Authors: Willingham-Lane Jennifer M. , Berghaus Londa J. , Giguère Steeve , Hondalus Mary K.
Published: October 2016

This work greatly advances our understanding of the opportunistic pathogen
Rhodococcus equi
, a disease agent of animals and immunocompromised people. Clinical isolates from diseased foals carry a conjugative virulence plasmid, pVAPA1037, that expresses Vap proteins, including VapA, essential for intramacrophage replication and virulence
in vivo
. The understudied
R. equi
isolates from pigs carry a related but different plasmid, pVAPB, expressing distinct Vap proteins, including VapB. In this work, we document for the first time that
R. equi
isolates carrying pVAPB-type plasmids are capable of intramacrophage replication. Moreover, we show that
R. equi
isolates carrying either plasmid type can replicate in both equine and swine macrophages, indicating that host species tropism is not due to species-specific intramacrophage replication capabilities defined by plasmid type. Furthermore, plasmid swapping between equine and swine strains did not alter intracellular replication capacity, indicating that coevolution of the plasmid and chromosome is not essential for intracellular growth.
A modeling case for high atmospheric oxygen concentrations during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic
Authors: Mills Benjamin J.W. , Belcher Claire M. , Lenton Timothy M. , Newton Robert J.
Published: October 2016

Changes in atmospheric oxygen concentration over Earth history are commonly related to the evolution of animals and plants. But there is no direct geochemical proxy for O2 levels, meaning that estimations rely heavily on modeling approaches. The results of such studies differ greatly, to the extent that today’s atmospheric mixing ratio of 21% might be either the highest or lowest level during the past 200 m.y. Long term oxygen sources, such as the burial in sediments of reduced carbon and sulfur species, are calculated in models by representation of nutrient cycling and estimation of productivity, or by isotope mass balance (IMB)—a technique in which burial rates are inferred in order to match known isotope records. Studies utilizing these different techniques produce conflicting estimates for paleoatmospheric O2, with nutrient-weathering models estimating concentrations close to, or above, that of the present day, and IMB models estimating low O2, especially during the Mesozoic. Here we reassess the IMB technique using the COPSE biogeochemical model. IMB modelling is confirmed to be highly sensitive to assumed carbonate δ13C, and when this input is defined following recent compilations, predicted O2 is significantly higher and in reasonable agreement with that of non-IMB techniques. We conclude that there is no model-based support for low atmospheric oxygen concentrations during the past 200 m.y. High Mesozoic O2 is consistent with wildfire records and the development of plant fire adaptions, but links between O2 and mammal evolution appear more tenuous.
Trace elements in fluid inclusions of sediment-hosted gold deposits indicate a magmatic-hydrothermal origin of the Carlin ore trend
Authors: Large Simon J.E. , Bakker Edine Y.N. , Weis Philipp , Wälle Markus , Ressel Mike , Heinrich Christoph A.
Published: October 2016

The Carlin-type deposits in Nevada (western USA) constitute the world’s second-largest gold ore province. These structurally and stratigraphically controlled, sediment-hosted ore bodies are characterized by carbonate dissolution attending hydrothermal precipitation of gold-rich arsenian pyrite. The origin of the mineralizing fluids and the source of the gold remain debated. Conceptual models, favoring either sedimentary, metamorphic, or magmatic fluid sources, are based on isotopic tracers, giving ambiguous results. Here we use the trace element compositions of fluid inclusions to separate geochemical signals of the large-scale fluid source from effects of deposit-scale fluid interaction with the sedimentary host rocks. Specifically, we compare the ratios of Rb, K, B, As, Sr, and Ba between clearly magmatic-hydrothermal Cu-Au ores at Copper Canyon in the Battle Mountain–Eureka trend with the Gold Quarry and Chukar Footwall deposits on the Carlin trend that contain high-grade gold in similar sedimentary host rocks. Results indicate that both ore districts can be related to upper crustal hydrous magmatic intrusions, but are now exposed at different levels of erosion and formed at different distances from their magmatic fluid source. Fluid compositions are best explained by separation of a deep magmatic fluid into Rb-K–enriched brine and B-As-Au–enriched vapor, followed by cooling and contraction of the magmatic vapor phase to an epithermal liquid, which reacted with Sr-Ba–bearing sedimentary rocks during ascent and eventual precipitation of Au-rich arsenian pyrite.
Coping with a life event in bipolar disorder: ambulatory measurement, signalling and early treatment
Authors: Knapen Stefan E , Riemersma-van der Lek Rixt F , Haarman Bartholomeus C M , Schoevers Robert A
Published: October 2016

Disruption of the biological rhythm in patients with bipolar disorder is a known risk factor for a switch in mood. This case study describes how modern techniques using ambulatory assessment of sleep parameters can help in signalling a mood switch and start early treatment. We studied a 40-year-old woman with bipolar disorder experiencing a life event while wearing an actigraph to measure sleep-wake parameters. The night after the life event the woman had sleep later and shorter sleep duration. Adequate response of both the woman and the treating psychiatrist resulted in two normal nights with the use of 1 mg lorazepam, possibly preventing further mood disturbances. Ambulatory assessment of the biological rhythm can function as an add-on to regular signalling plans for prevention of episodes in patients with bipolar disorder. More research should be conducted to validate clinical applicability, proper protocols and to understand underlying mechanisms.
PathogenicSarcinain urine
Authors: Bommannan Karthik , Gaspar Balan Louis , Sachdeva Man Updesh Singh
Published: October 2016

Sarcinais a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus that has been consistently reported in the upper gastrointestinal tract biopsies of patients with evidence of gastric stasis. The pathogenic role ofSarcinain humans is not entirely known. We describe an infant who was surgically treated for posterior urethral valve and the urine showed pathogenicSarcina.
Miller Fisher syndrome
Authors: Gupta Suresh Kumar , Jha Kunal Kishor , Chalati Mhd Diaa , Alashi Losan Tareq
Published: October 2016

A man aged 30 years presented to the emergency department (ED) with ataxia, areflexia, facial weakness, ophthalmoplegia, extremity weakness and back pain for 4 days. 4 days prior to attending the ED, the patient had suffered from diarrhoea for 2 weeks. The diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome was performed on the dual basis of clinical features in addition to an investigations report. Nerve conduction studies and anti-GQ1b IgG antibody analysis were requested. Once IgA deficiency was ruled out, the patient was started on intravenous immunoglobulin (400 mg/kg/day).
Reconsultation, self-reported health status and costs following treatment at a musculoskeletal Clinical Assessment and Treatment Service (CATS): a 12-month prospective cohort study
Authors: Roddy Edward , Jordan Kelvin P , Oppong Raymond , Chen Ying , Jowett Sue , Dawes Peter , Hider Samantha L , Packham Jon , Stevenson Kay , Zwierska Irena , Hay Elaine M
Published: October 2016

Objectives

To determine (1) reconsultation frequency, (2) change in self-reported health status, (3) baseline factors associated with reconsultation and change in health status and (4) associated healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), following assessment at a musculoskeletal Clinical and Assessment Treatment Service (CATS).

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Single musculoskeletal CATS at the primary–secondary care interface.

Participants

2166 CATS attenders followed-up by postal questionnaires at 6 and 12 months and review of medical records.

Outcome measures

Primary outcome was consultation in primary care with the same musculoskeletal problem within 12 months. Secondary outcome measures were consultation at the CATS with the same musculoskeletal problem within 12 months, physical function and pain (Short Form-36), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), time off work, healthcare costs and QALYs.

Results

Over 12 months, 507 (38%) reconsulted for the same problem in primary care and 345 (26%) at the CATS. Primary care reconsultation in the first 3 months was associated with baseline pain interference (relative risk ratio 5.33; 95% CI 3.23 to 8.80) and spinal pain (1.75; 1.09 to 2.82), and after 3–6 months with baseline assessment by a hospital specialist (2.06; 1.13 to 3.75). Small mean improvements were seen in physical function (1.88; 95% CI 1.44 to 2.32) and body pain (3.86; 3.38 to 4.34) at 6 months. Poor physical function at 6 months was associated with obesity, chronic pain and poor baseline physical function. Mean (SD) 6-month cost and QALYs per patient were £422.40 (660.11) and 0.257 (0.144), respectively.

Conclusions

While most patients are appropriate for a ‘one-stop shop’ model, those with troublesome, disabling pain and spinal pain commonly reconsult and have ongoing problems. Services should be configured to identify and address such clinical complexity.
High Serum Soluble α-Klotho Levels in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sari Funda , Inci Ayca , Dolu Suleyman , Ellidag Hamit Yasar , Cetinkaya Ramazan , Ersoy Fettah Fevzi
Published: October 2016

This study aims to determine fibroblast growth factor-23 and soluble α-Klotho levels in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. A total of 76 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and 32 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum fibroblast growth factor-23 and soluble α-Klotho levels were measured with ELISA kits. Parathyroid hormone, phosphate, calcium, creatinine, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels, urinary protein to creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate were also measured or calculated. Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease had significantly higher serum parathyroid hormone (p<0.001), fibroblast growth factor-23 (p<0.001), soluble α-Klotho levels (p=0.001) and lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels (p<0.001) as compared with healthy volunteers. Serum fibroblast growth factor-23, soluble α-Klotho and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were similar in all five chronic kidney disease stages of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (p>0.05). Fibroblast growth factor-23 (r=−0.251, p=0.034) and soluble α-Klotho levels (r=−0.251, p=0.034) were found to be negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. This study shows increased fibroblast growth factor-23 levels in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease which is in harmony with the general trend in patients with chronic kidney disease of other aetiologies, but, unlike them, also a significant increase in serum soluble α-Klotho levels in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease suggesting an aberrant production or a decreased clearance of α-Klotho molecule. Considering the unique increases in erythropoietin levels due to erythropoietin production in renal cysts, we assume, patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease may potentially have different soluble α-Klotho production/clearance characteristics than the patients with other parenchymal renal diseases.
Trend of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Jeng-Dau , Wang I-Chung , Chen Hsuan-Ju , Sheu Ji-Nan , Li Tsai-Chung , Tsai Henry J , Wei Chang-Ching
Published: October 2016

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and nocturnal enuresis are common disorders with extensive psychosocial suffering in affected children, and healthcare burden on parents. Whether the childhood psychological disorders and nocturnal enuresis are factors contributing to ADHD have not been clearly established. This study conducted a population-based case–control study using data sets from the National Health Research Insurance database, and identified 14 900 children diagnosed with ADHD. Risk factors that have been associated with or possibly related to ADHD development were included in this study. Performance of in groups of ADHD with enuresis was compared with controls. With adjustment for potential covariates, participants with enuresis exhibited a 2.24-fold greater risk of subsequent ADHD development compared with controls (95% CI 1.84 to 2.73). Participants with enuresis and comorbidity had a significantly greater risk of ADHD than those with no enuresis and no comorbidity (adjusted OR=8.43, 95% CI 4.38 to 16.2). Children who are assessed for ADHD should be evaluated for the presence of enuresis or other neurobehavioral comorbidities. Multidisciplinary treatment may benefit children with ADHD and minimize psychological burden on parents.
Outcomes of endovascular treatment of basilar artery occlusion in the stent retriever era: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Phan Kevin , Phan Steven , Huo Ya Ruth , Jia Fangzhi , Mortimer Alex
Published: October 2016

Background

Stent retriever thrombectomy has recently been found to be effective for anterior circulation strokes, but its efficacy for basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is unclear.

Objective

To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the available evidence for the use of stent retrievers for BAO.

Methods

Two independent reviewers searched six databases for studies reporting outcomes following endovascular treatment for BAO.

Results

A total of 17 articles (6 prospective and 11 retrospective) were included. The weighted mean age of patients was 67 years (range 59–82) and 59% were male. Thrombolytic drugs were administered intravenously and intra-arterially in 46% (range 0–88%) and 38% (range 0–90%) of patients, respectively. Weighted pooled estimates of successful recanalization (TICI 2b–3) and good outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) were 80.0% (95% CI 70.7% to 88.0%; I2=80.28%; p<0.001) and 42.8% (95% CI 34.0% to 51.8%; I2=61.83%; p=0.002), respectively. Pooled mortality was 29.4% (95% CI 23.9% to 35.3%; I2=37.01%; p=0.087). Incidence of procedure-related complications and symptomatic hemorrhage was 10.0% (95% CI 3.7% to 18.3%; I2=61.05%; p=0.017) and 6.8% (95% CI 3.5% to 10.8%; I2=37.99%; p=0.08), respectively.

Conclusions

Stent retriever thrombectomy achieves a high rate of recanalization and functional independence while being relatively safe for patients with BAO. Future prospective studies with long-term follow-up are warranted.
Vaccination practices in patients with inflammatory bowel disease among general internal medicine physicians in the USA
Authors: Gurvits Grigoriy E , Lan Gloria , Tan Amy , Weissman Arlene
Published: October 2016

Background

Increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses significant challenges to medical community. Preventive medicine, including vaccination against opportunistic infections, is important in decreasing morbidity and mortality in patients with IBD. We conduct first study to evaluate general awareness and adherence to immunisation guidelines by primary care physicians in the USA.

Methods

We administered an electronic questionnaire to the research panel of the American College of Physicians (ACP) assessing current vaccination practices, barriers to vaccination and provider responsibility for administering vaccinations and compared responses with the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization consensus guidelines and expert opinion from the USA.

Results

All of surveyed physicians (276) had experience with patients with IBD and spent majority of their time in direct patient care. 49% of physicians took immunisation history frequently or always, and 76% reported never or rarely checking immunisation antibody titres with only 2% doing so routinely. 65% of physicians believed that primary care providers (PCPs) were responsible for determining patient’s immunisation. Vaccine administration was felt to be the duty of primary care doctor 80% of the time. 2.5% of physicians correctly recommended vaccinations all the time. Physicians were more likely to recommend vaccination to immunocompetent than immunocompromised patients. Up to 23% of physicians would incorrectly recommend live vaccine to immunocompromised patients with IBD.

Conclusions

Current knowledge and degree of comfort among PCPs in the USA in preventing opportunistic infections in IBD population remain low. Management of patients with IBD requires structured approach to their healthcare maintenance in everyday practice, including enhanced educational policy aimed at primary care physicians.
Interhospital transfer neurological deterioration in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: incidence and risk factors
Authors: Fan Ju-Sing , Chen Yen-Chia , Huang Hsien-Hao , Yen David Hung-Tsang , How Chorng-Kuang , Huang Mu-Shuan
Published: October 2016

Objective

To explore the incidence and risk factors for interhospital transfer neurological deterioration (IHTND) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (SICH).

Methods

Consecutive adult patients with first-ever SICH referred to our emergency department (ED) and transported by ambulance from July 2011 through June 2015 were eligible for this prospective observational study. Enrolled patients had SICH with elapsed time <12 hours and a nearly normal Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (≥13) at presentation. IHTND was defined as GCS score drop ≥2 points during the time from last GCS measure in first ED (shortly before transport) and first measure in second ED (shortly after arrival), which was confirmed by the accompanying nurse practitioner. The potential risk factors for IHTND were screened by χ2 test, unpaired t test (parametric data) or Mann–Whitney U test (non-parametric data) in univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for other covariates.

Results

Among 217 enrolled patients, 36 (16.6%) had IHTND. After adjustment for other covariates in multiple logistic regression analysis, the significant predictors of IHTND were arrival systolic blood pressure ≥180 mm Hg (p=0.026, OR=2.741, 95% CI 1.126 to 6.674), infratentorial ICH (p=0.015, OR=3.182, 95% CI 1.248 to 8.113), presence of intraventricular haemorrhage (p=0.023, OR=2.533, 95% CI 1.137 to 5.645) and larger ICH (by 1 mL increment of haematoma, p=0.013, OR=1.027, 95% CI 1.006 to 1.048).

Conclusions

About one-sixth of referred not comatose patients with SICH developed IHTND. Some risk factors were identified for the first time. Modifying procedures for proper transfer of patients at high-risk for IHTND might help in safely transferring patients with SICH.
Hydromechanical behavior of an embankment during inundation
Authors: Rotisciani G.M. , Casini F. , Desideri A. , Sciarra G.
Published: October 2016

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the hydromechanical response of an embankment subject to inundation. The modified Cam clay model extended to unsaturated conditions and formulated in terms of Bishop’s effective stress is used to predict the mechanical behavior of the sand–clay mixture. The model’s ability to accurately reproduce the embankment response is evaluated by comparing the numerical predictions with the results of the physical model. Time evolution and spatial distribution of the wetting-induced displacements are analyzed together with the stress paths resulting from the imbibition process. The influence of after-compaction conditions on the embankment performance is examined focusing on the occurrence of the volumetric collapse.
Migratory behavior of adult sea lamprey and cumulative passage performance through four fishways
Authors: Castro-Santos Theodore , Shi Xiaotao , Haro Alex
Published: October 2016

This article describes a study of PIT-tagged sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) ascending four fishways comprising three designs at two dams on the Connecticut River, USA. Migration between dams was rapid (median migration rate = 23 km·day−1). Movement through the fishways was much slower, however (median = 0.02–0.33 km·day−1). Overall delay at dams was substantial (median = 13.6–14.6 days); many fish failed to pass (percent passage ranged from 29% to 55%, depending on fishway), and repeated passage attempts compounded delay for both passers and failers. Cox regression revealed that fishway entry rates were influenced by flow, temperature, and diel cycle, with most lampreys entering at night and at elevated flows, but with no apparent effect of sex or length. Overall delay was influenced by slow movement through the fishways, but repeated failures were the primary factor determining delay. These data suggest that although some lamprey were able to pass fishways, they did so with difficulty, and delays incurred as they attempted to pass may act to limit their distribution within their native range.
Effects of nonmetal doping on electronic structures of NaNbO3 based on hybrid density functional calculation
Authors: Shi Haifeng , Lan Benyue , Zhang Chengliang , Ye Enjia , Nie Yanguang , Bian Baoan
Published: October 2016

The influences of a series of anion doping on the electronic structures of sodium niobate (NaNbO3) have been systematically investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the hybrid B3LYP functional. As for B[Formula: see text](C,[Formula: see text]P)-doped NaNbO3, the isolated B 2p (C 2p, P 3p) states were formed above the valence band maximum (VBM) of NaNbO3, which were too weak to mix with O 2p states and thus produced band gap narrowing. While the band gap of NaNbO3 was slightly narrowed after F doping. As for S-doped NaNbO3, the S 3p states mixed with O 2p states well and thus reduced the band gap energy. According to the calculation results, we tentatively put forward that S doping would be appropriate for single anion doping NaNbO3, while the B[Formula: see text](C,[Formula: see text]P) elements would be suitable candidates for co-doping NaNbO3.
Metamorphic evolution of the Ilomantsi greenstone belt in the Archaean Karelia Province, eastern Finland
Authors: Hölttä Pentti , Lehtonen Elina , Lahaye Yann , Sorjonen-Ward Peter
Published: October 2016

The Ilomantsi greenstone belt is a Neoarchaean,
c.
2.75–2.70 Ga volcanic–sedimentary complex in which metamorphic grade increases from staurolite grade in the SW of the belt to sillimanite grade in the NE. In the staurolite zone, prograde garnet zoning indicates pressure and temperature increases from 480–500°C at 2–4 kbar to 560–570°C at 6–7 kbar. Within the sillimanite zone temperatures peaked at 660–670°C at pressures of around 6 kbar. The U–Pb age determinations on monazite from the sillimanite zone yielded both Archaean and Proterozoic ages. One sample contains an exclusively Archaean monazite population of 2620±24 Ma, while another sample has two generations of monazite, with ages of 2664±33 Ma and 1837±13 Ma. The monazite data confirm that the Ilomantsi greenstone belt was metamorphosed simultaneously with the surrounding Neoarchaean migmatite complexes. The apparent clockwise
PT
path and medium
P
/
T
-type metamorphism are consistent with collisional tectonic settings, but the two distinct metamorphic events recorded by monazite indicate that a second, Palaeoproterozoic thermal event caused recrystallization and new mineral growth, in line with previous evidence from other isotopic systems. Accordingly, great care is necessary in defining metamorphic evolutionary
P–T–t
paths in rocks with complex mineral assemblages, to ensure correct identification of truly coeval mineral assemblages.
Crosstalk-Aware Automated Mapping for Optical Networks-on-Chip
Authors: Fusella Edoardo , Cilardo Alessandro
Published: October 2016

Optical networks-on-chip (NoCs) provide a promising answer to address the increasing requirements of ultra-high bandwidth and extremely low power consumption. Designing a photonic interconnect, however, involves a number of challenges that have no equivalent in the electronic domain, particularly the crosstalk noise, which affects the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) possibly resulting in an inoperable architecture and hence constraining the network scalability. In this article, we point out the implications of application-driven task mapping on crosstalk effects. We motivate the main rationale of our work and provide a formalization of the problem. Then we propose a class of algorithms that automatically map the application tasks onto a generic mesh-based photonic NoC architecture such that the worst-case crosstalk is minimized. We also present a purpose-built experimental setup used for evaluating several architectural solutions in terms of crosstalk noise and SNR. The setup is used to collect extensive results from several real-world applications and case studies. The collected results show that the crosstalk noise can be significantly reduced by adopting our approach, thereby allowing higher network scalability, and can exhibit encouraging improvements over application-oblivious architectures.
Adaptive Workload Management in Mixed-Criticality Systems
Authors: Hu Biao , Huang Kai , Chen Gang , Cheng Long , Knoll Alois
Published: October 2016

Due to the efficient resource usage of integrating tasks with different criticality onto a shared platform, the integration with mixed-criticality tasks is becoming an increasingly important trend in the design of real-time systems. One challenge in such a mixed-criticality system is to maximize the service for low-critical tasks, while meeting the timing constraints of high-critical tasks. In this article, we investigate how to adaptively manage the low-critical workload during runtime to meet both goals, that is, providing the service for low-critical tasks as much as possible and guaranteeing the hard real-time requirements for high-critical tasks. Unlike previous methods, which enforce an offline bound towards the low-critical workload, runtime adaptation approaches are proposed in which the incoming workload of low-critical tasks is adaptively regulated by considering the actual demand of high-critical tasks. This actual demand of the high-critical tasks, in turn, is adaptively updated using their historical arrival information. Based on this adaptation scheme, two scheduling policies—the priority-adjustment policy and the workload-shaping policy—are proposed to do the workload management. In order to reduce online management overhead, a lightweight scheme with
O
(
n
·
log
(
n
)) complexity is developed. Extensive simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed workload management approaches.
Space-Efficient Index Scheme for PCM-Based Multiversion Databases in Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Kuan Yuan-Hung , Chang Yuan-Hao , Chen Tseng-Yi , Huang Po-Chun , Lam Kam-Yiu
Published: October 2016

In this article, we study the indexing problem of using PCM as the storage medium for embedded multiversion databases in
cyber-physical systems (CPSs)
. Although the

multiversion B
+
-tree (MVBT)

index has been shown to be efficient in managing multiple versions of data items in a database, MVBT is designed for databases residing in traditional block-oriented storage devices. It can have serious performance problems when the databases are on
phase-change memory (PCM)
. Since the embedded multiversion database in CPSs may have limited storage space and are update intensive, to resolve the problems of MVBT of lack of space efficiency and heavy update cost, we propose a new index scheme, called
space-efficient multiversion index (SEMI)
, to enhance the space utilization and access performance in serving various types of queries. In SEMI, since the number of keys in the database may be small, instead of using a
B
-tree index, we propose to use a binary-search tree to organize the index keys. Furthermore, multiple versions of the same data item may be stored consecutively and indexed by a single entry to maximize the space utilization and at the same time to enhance the performance in serving version-range queries. Analytical studies have been conducted on SEMI, and a series of experiments have been performed to evaluate its performance as compared with MVBT under different workloads. The experimental results have demonstrated that SEMI can achieve very high space utilization and has better performance in serving update transactions and range queries as compared with MVBT.
ScorePlus
Authors: Tan Song , Song Wen-Zhan , Yothment Steve , Yang Junjie , Tong Lang
Published: October 2016

We present ScorePlus, a software-hardware hybrid and federated experiment environment for Smart Grid. ScorePlus incorporates both a software emulator and hardware testbed, such that they all follow the same architecture, and the same Smart Grid application program can be tested on either of them without any modification; ScorePlus provides a federated environment such that multiple software emulators and hardware testbeds at different locations are able to connect and form a unified Smart Grid system; ScorePlus software is encapsulated as a resource plugin in the OpenStack cloud computing platform, such that it supports massive deployments with large-scale test cases in cloud infrastructure.
Autonomous OA Removal in Real-Time from Single Channel EEG Data on a Wearable Device Using a Hybrid Algebraic-Wavelet Algorithm
Authors: Majmudar Charvi A. , Morshed Bashir I.
Published: October 2016

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique to record brain activities in natural settings. Ocular Artifacts (OA) usually contaminates EEG signals, removal of which is critical for accurate feature extraction and classification. With the increasing adoption of wearable technologies, single-channel real-time EEG systems that often require real-time signal processing for immediate real-time feedback are becoming more prevalent. However, traditional OA removal algorithms usually require multiple channels of EEG data, are computationally expensive, and do not perform well in real-time. In this article, a new hybrid algorithm is proposed that autonomously detects OA and subsequently removes OA from a single-channel steaming EEG data in real-time. The proposed single EEG channel algorithm also does not require additional reference electrooculography (EOG) channel. The algorithm has also been implemented on an embedded hardware platform of single channel wearable EEG system (NeuroMonitor). The algorithm first detects the OA zones using an Algebraic approach and then removes these artifacts from the detected OA zones using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) decomposition method. The de-noising technique is applied only to the OA zone, which minimizes loss of neural information outside the OA zone. A qualitative and quantitative performance evaluation was carried out with a 0.5s epoch in overlapping sliding window technique using time-frequency analysis, mean square coherence, and correlation coefficient statistics. The hybrid OA removal algorithm demonstrated real-time operation with 3s latency on the PSoC-3-microcontroller-based EEG system. Successful implementation of OA removal from single-channel real-time EEG data using the proposed algorithm shows promise for real-time feedback applications of wearable EEG devices.
Transparent offloading and mapping (TOM)
Authors: Hsieh Kevin , Ebrahimi Eiman , Kim Gwangsun , Chatterjee Niladrish , O'Connor Mike , Vijaykumar Nandita , Mutlu Onur , Keckler Stephen W.
Published: October 2016

Main memory bandwidth is a critical bottleneck for modern GPU systems due to limited off-chip pin bandwidth. 3D-stacked memory architectures provide a promising opportunity to significantly alleviate this bottleneck by directly connecting a logic layer to the DRAM layers with high bandwidth connections. Recent work has shown promising potential performance benefits from an architecture that connects multiple such 3D-stacked memories and offloads bandwidth-intensive computations to a GPU in each of the logic layers. An unsolved key challenge in such a system is how to enable computation offloading and data mapping to
multiple
3D-stacked memories
without burdening the programmer
such that
any application
can transparently benefit from near-data processing capabilities in the logic layer.

Our paper develops two new mechanisms to address this key challenge. First, a compiler-based technique that automatically identifies code to offload to a logic-layer GPU based on a simple cost-benefit analysis. Second, a software/hardware cooperative mechanism that predicts which memory pages will be accessed by offloaded code, and places those pages in the memory stack closest to the offloaded code, to minimize off-chip bandwidth consumption. We call the combination of these two programmer-transparent mechanisms TOM: Transparent Offloading and Mapping.

Our extensive evaluations across a variety of modern memory-intensive GPU workloads show that, without requiring any program modification, TOM significantly improves performance (by 30% on average, and up to 76%) compared to a baseline GPU system that cannot offload computation to 3D-stacked memories.
Neurocube
Authors: Kim Duckhwan , Kung Jaeha , Chai Sek , Yalamanchili Sudhakar , Mukhopadhyay Saibal
Published: October 2016

This paper presents a programmable and scalable digital neuromorphic architecture based on 3D high-density memory integrated with logic tier for efficient neural computing. The proposed architecture consists of clusters of processing engines, connected by 2D mesh network as a processing tier, which is integrated in 3D with multiple tiers of DRAM. The PE clusters access multiple memory channels (vaults) in parallel. The operating principle, referred to as the memory centric computing, embeds specialized state-machines within the vault controllers of HMC to drive data into the PE clusters. The paper presents the basic architecture of the Neurocube and an analysis of the logic tier synthesized in 28nm and 15nm process technologies. The performance of the Neurocube is evaluated and illustrated through the mapping of a Convolutional Neural Network and estimating the subsequent power and performance for both training and inference.
Dynamo
Authors: Wu Qiang , Deng Qingyuan , Ganesh Lakshmi , Hsu Chang-Hong , Jin Yun , Kumar Sanjeev , Li Bin , Meza Justin , Song Yee Jiun
Published: October 2016

Data center power is a scarce resource that often goes underutilized due to conservative planning. This is because the penalty for overloading the data center power delivery hierarchy and tripping a circuit breaker is very high, potentially causing long service outages. Recently, dynamic server power capping, which limits the amount of power consumed by a server, has been proposed and studied as a way to reduce this penalty, enabling more aggressive utilization of provisioned data center power. However, no real at-scale solution for data center-wide power monitoring and control has been presented in the literature.

In this paper, we describe Dynamo -- a data center-wide power management system that monitors the entire power hierarchy and makes coordinated control decisions to safely and efficiently use provisioned data center power. Dynamo has been developed and deployed across all of Facebook's data centers for the past three years. Our key insight is that in real-world data centers, different power and performance constraints at different levels in the power hierarchy necessitate coordinated data center-wide power management.

We make three main contributions. First, to understand the design space of Dynamo, we provide a characterization of power variation in data centers running a diverse set of modern workloads. This characterization uses fine-grained power samples from tens of thousands of servers and spanning a period of over six months. Second, we present the detailed design of Dynamo. Our design addresses several key issues not addressed by previous simulation-based studies. Third, the proposed techniques and design have been deployed and evaluated in large scale data centers serving billions of users. We present production results showing that Dynamo has prevented 18 potential power outages in the past 6 months due to unexpected power surges; that Dynamo enables optimizations leading to a 13% performance boost for a production Hadoop cluster and a nearly 40% performance increase for a search cluster; and that Dynamo has already enabled an 8% increase in the power capacity utilization of one of our data centers with more aggressive power subscription measures underway.
CASH
Authors: Zhou Yanqi , Hoffmann Henry , Wentzlaff David
Published: October 2016

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Clouds have grown increasingly important. Recent architecture designs support IaaS providers through fine-grain configurability, allowing providers to orchestrate low-level resource usage. Little work, however, has been devoted to supporting IaaS customers who must determine how to use such fine-grain configurable resources to meet quality-of-service (QoS) requirements while minimizing cost. This is a difficult problem because the multiplicity of configurations creates a non-convex optimization space. In addition, this optimization space may change as customer applications enter and exit distinct processing phases. In this paper, we overcome these issues by proposing CASH: a fine-grain configurable architecture co-designed with a cost-optimizing runtime system. The hardware architecture enables configurability at the granularity of individual ALUs and L2 cache banks and provides unique interfaces to support low-overhead, dynamic configuration and monitoring. The runtime uses a combination of control theory and machine learning to configure the architecture such that QoS requirements are met and cost is minimized. Our results demonstrate that the combination of fine-grain configurability and non-convex optimization provides tremendous cost savings (70% savings) compared to coarse-grain heterogeneity and heuristic optimization. In addition, the system is able to customize configurations to particular applications, respond to application phases, and provide near optimal cost for QoS targets.