bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Management of a Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient with Chédiak–Higashi Syndrome
Authors: Shimizu Kasumi , Hayashi Miho , Ito Nozomi , Hamada Kokoro , Koizumi Gaku , Kurohara Kazuto , Arai Naoya
Published: September 2021

Chédiak–Higashi syndrome (CHS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with leukocyte dysfunction, is characterised by partial skin and hair albinism, immunodeficiency, and abnormal bleeding. Furthermore, it may be associated with cognitive and neurological impairments. The long-term prognosis of patients is generally poor, and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a radical immunodeficiency treatment. Here, we report a case of successful oral management of an 18-year-old woman with CHS accompanied by aggressive periodontitis who underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Multiproxies Adaptive Distribution Loss with Weakly Supervised Feature Aggregation for Fine-Grained Retrieval
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Zhang Danyang , Wu Jiaxin , Liu Pingping
Published: September 2021

Fine-grained retrieval is one of the complex problems in computer vision. Compared with general content-based image retrieval, fine-grained image retrieval faces more difficult challenges. In fine-grained image retrieval tasks, all classes belong to a subclass of a meta-class, so there will be small interclass variance and large intraclass variance. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a fine-grained retrieval method to improve loss and feature aggregation, which can achieve better retrieval results under a unified framework. Firstly, we propose a novel multiproxies adaptive distribution loss which can better characterize the intraclass variations and the degree of dispersion of each cluster center. Secondly, we propose a weakly supervised feature aggregation method based on channel weighting, which distinguishes the importance of different feature channels to obtain more representative image feature descriptors. We verify the performance of our proposed method on the universal benchmark datasets such as CUB200-2011 and Stanford Dog. Higher Recall@K demonstrates the advantage of our proposed method over the state of the art.
Monitoring of Anesthesia by Bispectral Analysis of EEG Signals
Authors: Bouafif Lamia
Published: September 2021

Background. In intensive care, monitoring the depth of anesthesia during surgical procedures is a key element in the success of the medical operation and postoperative recovery. However, despite the development of anesthesia thanks to technological and pharmacological advances, its side effects such as underdose or overdose of hypnotics remain a major problem. Observation and monitoring must combine clinical observations (loss of consciousness and reactivity) with tools for real-time measurement of changes in the depth of anesthesia. Methodology. In this work, we will develop a noninvasive method for calculating, monitoring, and controlling the depth of general anesthesia during surgery. The objective is to reduce the effects of pharmacological usage of hypnotics and to ensure better quality recovery. Thanks to the overall activity of sets of neurons in the brain, we have developed a BIS technique based on bispectral analysis of the electroencephalographic signal EEG. Discussion. By collecting the electrical voltages from the brain, we distinguish light sleep from deep sleep according to the values of the BIS indicator (ranging from 0 : sleep to 100 : wake) and also control it by acting on the dosage of propofol and sevoflurane. We showed that the BIS value must be maintained during the operation and the anesthesia at a value greater than 60. Conclusion. This study showed that the BIS technology led to an optimization of the anesthetic management, the adequacy of the hypnotic dosage, and a better postoperative recovery.
Non-Contact Measurement of Heart Rate Variability in Frail Geriatric Patients: Response to Early Geriatric Rehabilitation and Comparison with Healthy Old Community-Dwelling Individuals – A Pilot Study
Authors: Yu Xinchi , Hoog Antink Christoph , Leonhardt Steffen , Bollheimer Leo Cornelius , Laurentius Thea
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Frailty is a central geriatric syndrome characterized by a state of increased physiological vulnerability. As the key components of frailty are difficult to capture in their entirety, easily measurable and reliable surrogate parameters are desirable. Since frailty influences heart rate variability (HRV), HRV may be such a surrogate parameter. HRV is typically acquired by an ECG, which, however, may not be tolerated by all patients; in some, it may even trigger delirium. Therefore, we sought to measure HRV in a non-contact and unobtrusive way through photoplethysmography imaging (PPGI). Using our previously presented HRV estimation algorithm for PPGI, we investigated whether PPGI could reveal (1) HRV differences between frail and non-frail individuals and (2) the influences of early geriatric rehabilitation on HRV. Methods: The study involved 10 frail geriatric inpatients undergoing early geriatric rehabilitation and 10 healthy community-dwelling older adults. All participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. HRV measurements using a PPGI system and a reference ECG were made at the beginning and the end of the rehabilitation. HRV in terms of LF/HF ratio was analysed for both intra-individual changes during the geriatric rehabilitation and differences between frail geriatric patients and healthy community-dwelling individuals. Results: Across all geriatric patients, the median LF/HF ratio obtained with PPGI was found to be reduced by 0.178 (24.8%) during early geriatric rehabilitation. The assessment at the end of the rehabilitation revealed a simultaneous improvement of the functional state. Moreover, frail geriatric patients had a higher LF/HF ratio than their community-dwelling counterparts. Both observations in PPGI-based HRV were confirmed by the reference. The capability of PPGI to track intra-individual HRV changes was also analysed; a Spearman correlation of ρ = 1.0 between PPGI-based HRV and reference was achieved for 58.8% of the participants. Conclusion: Early geriatric rehabilitation improves the functional state, which is associated with an increased HRV. PPGI is capable of detecting HRV changes/trends in that age group. While the tracking of intra-individual HRV changes is also possible, its reliability needs improvement. Nevertheless, the capabilities demonstrated in our study and the non-contact measurement principle of PPGI emphasize its potential for application in geriatric medicine.
Comparison of Olfactory Cleft Width and Volumes in Patients with COVID-19 Anosmia and COVID-19 Cases Without Anosmia
Authors: Tekcan Sanli Deniz Esin , Altundag Aytug , Yıldırım Duzgun , Kandemirli Sedat Giray , Sanli Ahmet Necati
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between olfactory cleft width/volume and COVID-19-related anosmia. Methods: This study consisted of PCR-proven COVID-19 patients. Cases with COVID-19-related anosmia constituted Group 1 and cases without any olfactory dysfunction (OD) throughout COVID-19 infection or after recovery constituted Group 2. A total of 50 patients were included in the study, comprising 24 cases in Group 1 and 26 cases in Group 2. Group 1 patients underwent a 4-item-odor identification test during active symptoms and a Sniffin’ Sticks test after reconversion of PCR results to negative. All patients in Group 2 also underwent the Sniffin’ Stick test to document normosmia. All cases had paranasal sinus CT performed. Olfactory cleft widths and olfactory volumes were measured. The differences in width and volume between groups and the correlation with odor test scores (threshold-discrimination-identification [TDI]) were calculated. In addition, regression analyzes analysis was performed for cleft widths, volumes, and TDI scores according to age. Results: Olfactory cleft widths and olfactory volumes were significantly higher in Group 1 than those in Group 2 (p = 0.001; p < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between total TDI scores and olfactory cleft widths and total olfactory volumes (r = −0.665; r = −0.731, respectively). Patients younger than 40 years of age had significantly higher right olfactory cleft width, left olfactory cleft width, and olfactory cleft volume than those in patients older than 40 years of age (p = 0.004, p = 0.005, p = 0.003; p < 0,01, respectively). However, patients younger than 40 years of age had a significantly lower total TDI score and in all other values individually (t-d-i) than those in patients older than 40 years of age (p = 0.004; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19-related OD had larger olfactory cleft width and volumes than those without OD in this study. Total TDI score was found to be inversely correlated with cleft width and volume.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Following COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Yepez Juan B. , Murati Felipe A. , Petitto Michele , De Yepez Jazmin , Galue Jose M. , Revilla Julio , Petitto Alfonso , Vinardell Susana , Arevalo J. Fernando
Published: September 2021

A 29-year-old female presented to the emergency clinic with gradual visual disturbance in both eyes for 15 days duration, accompanied by bilateral tinnitus, and ocular pain that increased with ocular movements. One month prior to presentation, the patient had tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 but without complications. Visual acuity was 20/100 in the right eye and 20/300 in the left eye. Funduscopy demonstrated optic nerve swelling, radial nerve fiber striation disruption, and bilateral retinal folds. Optical coherence tomography showed serous (bacillary) retinal detachment and multifocal areas of hyper-reflective changes in the inner and outer plexiform layer with inner nuclear layer thickening and disruption of the interdigitation zone bilaterally. We present a case of incomplete Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease following COVID-19 infection.
The Stroke Unit Story: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Langhorne Peter
Published: September 2021

Background: The concept of stroke unit care has been discussed for over 50 years, but it is only in the last 25 years that clear evidence of its effectiveness has emerged to inform these discussions. Summary: This review outlines the history of the concept of stroke units to improve recovery after stroke and their evaluation in clinical trials. It describes the first systematic review of stroke unit trials published in 1993, the establishment of a collaborative research group (the Stroke Unit Trialists’ Collaboration), the subsequent analyses and updates of the evidence base, and the efforts to implement stroke unit care in routine settings. The final section considers some of the remaining challenges in this area of research and clinical practice. Key Messages: Good quality evidence confirms that stroke patients who are looked after in a stroke unit are more likely to survive and be independent and living at home 1 year after their stroke. The apparent benefits are independent of patient age, sex, stroke type, or initial stroke severity. The benefits are most obvious in units based in a discrete ward (stroke ward). The current challenges include integrating effective stroke units with more recent systems to deliver hyper-acute stroke interventions and implementing stroke units in lower resource regions.
Soy Foods and the Risk of Fracture: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Akhavan Zanjani Mohsen , Rahmani Sepideh , Mehranfar Sanaz , Zarrin Milad , Bazyar Hadi , Moradi Poodeh Bahman , Zare Javid Ahmad , Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Sadeghian Mehdi
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The primary objective of our study was to systematically review all available prospective cohort studies which investigated the association of soy food intake and incident fracture risk. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases for relevant studies up to June 2021. Synthesis: Of 695 records, a total of 5 cohort studies were included in the current systematic review. Two studies that were performed in China evaluated hip fracture while 2 studies that were done in Singapore evaluated any kind of fractures. The other study was conducted in Japan and evaluated osteoporosis fractures. All studies used a face-to-face interview to assess the dietary intake of soy foods. All 5 cohort studies were determined to be of high quality. One study considered soy food as a part of a vegetables-fruit-soy food dietary pattern. Others reported the association of dietary intake of soy foods with the risk of fractures. Conclusion: The evidence from prospective cohort studies was suggestive for a protective role of soy foods, alone or within a dietary pattern, in the risk of incident fracture among Asian women, particularly for those in early menopause and those who used fermented soy products. But for men, the association was not significant. However, more cohort studies, including non-Asian populations, are required to confirm this association fully.
Does Quantitative Electroencephalography Refine Preoperative Cognitive Assessment in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Treated with Deep Brain Stimulation? A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Saleh Christian , Meyer Antonia , Chaturvedi Menorca , Beltrani Selina , Gschwandtner Ute , Fuhr Peter
Published: September 2021

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with an increased risk of post-operative cognitive deterioration. Preoperative neuropsychological testing can be affected and limited by the patient’s collaboration in advanced disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) may be a useful complementary examination technique during preoperative assessment to predict cognitive changes in PD patients treated with DBS. Methods: We compared the cognitive performance of 16 PD patients who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS to the performance of 15 PD controls (matched for age, sex, and education) at baseline and at 24 months. Cognitive scores were calculated for all patients across 5 domains. A preoperative 256-channel resting EEG was recorded from each patient. We computed the global relative power spectra. Correlation and linear regression models were used to assess associations of preoperative EEG measures with post-operative cognitive scores. Results: Slow waves (relative delta and theta band power) were negatively correlated with post-operative cognitive performance, while faster waves (alpha 1) were strongly positively correlated with the same scores (the overall cognitive score, attention, and executive function). Linear models revealed an association of delta power with the overall cognitive score (p = 0.00409, adjusted R2 = 0.6341). Verbal fluency (VF) showed a significant decline after DBS surgery, which was correlated with qEEG measures. Conclusions: To analyse the side effects after DBS in PD patients, the most important parameter is verbal fluency capacity. In addition, correlation with EEG frequency bands might be useful to detect particularly vulnerable patients for cognitive impairment and be supportive in the selection process of patients considered for DBS.
O modelo tridimensional e a Arquitetura: do físico ao digital
Authors: Vizioli Simone Helena Tanoue , Silva Giulia Ravanini
Published: September 2021

A representação e a linguagem são um par indissociável no campo da Arquitetura. Desenhos e modelos também caminham juntos desde vários séculos, ocupando papéis similares: registros da realidade, projetos de ideias, documentação da história. Este artigo destaca algumas potencialidades dos modelos tridimensionais:  discorre sobre aspectos históricos, discute também novas tecnologias de mapeamento digital 3D e por fim, apresenta uma experiência prática didática – workshop “Fotogrametria + Patrimônio”. Ele foi realizado pelo Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Estudos de Linguagem em Arquitetura e Cidade do Instituto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da USP (n.elac/ iau usp) e teve como objetivo a aplicação da técnica da fotogrametria  no estudo da Fazenda do Pinhal, São Calos, SP.
Escaneamento a laser em três dimensões e métodos de levantamento integrados: reflexão crítica a partir da cooperação FAU USP - DIAPReM
Authors: Kühl Beatriz Mugayar , Campiotto Renata Cima , Balzani Marcello , Maietti Federica , Rossato Luca , Raco Fabiana
Published: September 2021

Este artigo aborda métodos integrados de diagnóstico de bens arquitetônicos e tem por objetivo evidenciar as características e potencialidades do escaneamento a laser em três dimensões, a partir da experiência de cooperação científica entre a Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (FAU USP) e o laboratório de pesquisa da Università degli Studi di Ferrara (Unife) – Development of Integrated Automatic Procedures for Restoration of Monuments (DIAPReM). A análise é centrada nas experiências conjuntas entre as instituições, voltadas ao Edifício Vilanova Artigas, sede da FAU USP, e ao Museu do Ipiranga da USP. Para estruturar as questões, são inicialmente apresentadas as características da colaboração entre as instituições para, depois, analisar as características dos trabalhos feitos no Edifício Vilanova Artigas e no Museu do Ipiranga. Em seguida, são examinadas as particularidades do método e a discussão sobre suas potencialidades durante os ciclos de formação de estudantes da FAU USP; depois, são apresentadas considerações sobre o escaneamento a laser e seu papel no diagnóstico integrado. O texto é encerrado com reflexões sobre o método e suas potencialidades, evidenciando a necessidade de uma abordagem crítica.
O uso de tecnologias CAD para (re)conhecer o patrimônio brasileiro em risco de desaparecimento: a remontagem digital do chalé de ferro Belga desmontado na década de 1980
Authors: Palácios Flávia Olegário , Sanjad Thais Alessandra Bastos Caminha
Published: September 2021

A Arquitetura de Ferro no Brasil caracteriza-se por edifícios metálicos, importados da Europa nos séculos XIX e XX, e faz parte da paisagem de diversas cidades, inclusive Belém (Pará). Belém possui vários edifícios inteiramente metálicos, inclusive os três únicos chalés de ferro provenientes da fábrica belga Forges D’Aiseau no país, que podem ser desmontados e remontados em função do seu sistema construtivo. Os chalés foram desmontados na década de 1980 em função de modificações urbanas, antes de possuírem proteção legal. Dois dos chalés foram restaurados e remontados, e um permanece desmontado, com peças suscetíveis ao intemperismo. O objetivo deste artigo é propor subsídios para a salvaguarda do chalé desmontado, por meio de pesquisa documental e projeto de remontagem para reconstitui-lo virtualmente, a fim de subsidiar ações de restauro e futura remontagem. A abordagem metodológica seguiu duas fases: 1) Pesquisa documental (pesquisa sobre o sistema construtivo, histórica e iconográfica; levantamento físico-cadastral e mapeamento de danos); 2) Projeto de remontagem (projeto de remontagem bidimensional e remontagem virtual tridimensional). Como resultados, foram documentadas 1.753 peças de diversos tipos, dimensões e estado de conservação, organizadas em fichas documentais e desenhos bidimensionais e tridimensionais. Assim, foram contabilizadas as peças que poderiam ser reutilizadas no projeto de remontagem, levando em consideração eventual remontagem real. O projeto de remontagem incluiu: plantas, cortes, elevações e mapa de peças. Por fim, foi desenvolvido o modelo tridimensional a partir do projeto de remontagem, resgatando a leitura do chalé.
Cahora Bassa Dam & the Delusion of Development
Authors: Isaacman Allen
Published: September 2021

On December 6, 1974, two pressure-driven steel gates of the Cahora Bassa Dam, each weighing 220 tons, stopped the mighty Zambezi River in its course. After five years of toil by more than five thousand workers, the construction of Mozambique's Cahora Bassa was complete. At the time, it was the fifth-largest dam in the world. The hydroelectric dam was the last megaproject constructed in Africa during the turbulent era of decolonization. Through the voices of peasants and fishermen, displaced by the dam and the workers who built it, this essay analyzes the far-reaching social, political, and ecological consequences of Cahora Bassa. It also explores the devastating impact on riparian life downriver from the dam, which dramatically reduced the annual inundation of the floodplain that supported hundreds of thousands of farmers as well as fish, birds, and mammals.
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Africa's Water Tower, Environmental Justice & Infrastructural Power
Authors: Verhoeven Harry
Published: September 2021

Global environmental imaginaries such as “the climate crisis” and “water wars” dominate the discussion on African states and their predicament in the face of global warming and unmet demands for sustainable livelihoods. I argue that the intersecting challenges of water, energy, and food insecurity are providing impetus for the articulation of ambitious state-building projects, in the Nile Basin as elsewhere, that rework regional political geographies and expand “infrastructural power”–the ways in which the state can penetrate society, control its territory, and implement consequential policies. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam should be understood as intending to alter how the state operates, domestically and internationally; how it is seen by its citizens; and how they relate to each other and to their regional neighbors. To legitimize such material and ideational transformations and reposition itself in international politics, the Ethiopian party-state has embedded the dam in a discourse of “environmental justice”: a rectification of historical and geographical ills to which Ethiopia and its impoverished masses were subjected. However, critics have adopted their own environmental justice narratives to denounce the failure of Ethiopia's developmental model and its benefiting of specific ethnolinguistic constituencies at the expense of the broader population.
Lexical Frequency and Sentence Context Influence the Brain’s Response to Single Words
Authors: Huizeling Eleanor , Arana Sophie , Hagoort Peter , Schoffelen Jan-Mathijs
Published: September 2021

Typical adults read remarkably quickly. Such fast reading is facilitated by brain processes that are sensitive to both word frequency and contextual constraints. It is debated as to whether these attributes have additive or interactive effects on language processing in the brain. We investigated this issue by analysing existing magnetoencephalography data from 99 participants reading intact and scrambled sentences. Using a cross-validated model comparison scheme, we found that lexical frequency predicted the word-by-word elicited MEG signal in a widespread cortical network, irrespective of sentential context. In contrast, index (ordinal word position) was more strongly encoded in sentence words, in left front-temporal areas. This confirms that frequency influences word processing independently of predictability, and that contextual constraints affect word-by-word brain responses. With a conservative multiple comparisons correction, only the interaction between lexical frequency and surprisal survived, in anterior temporal and frontal cortex, and not between lexical frequency and entropy, nor between lexical frequency and index. However, interestingly, the uncorrected index × frequency interaction revealed an effect in left frontal and temporal cortex that reversed in time and space for intact compared to scrambled sentences. Finally, we provide evidence to suggest that, in sentences, lexical frequency and predictability may independently influence early (<150 ms) and late stages of word processing, but also interact during late stages of word processing (>150–250 ms), thus helping to converge previous contradictory eye-tracking and electrophysiological literature. Current neurocognitive models of reading would benefit from accounting for these differing effects of lexical frequency and predictability on different stages of word processing.
Bilingualism Effects on the Cognitive Flexibility of Autistic Children: Evidence From Verbal Dual-Task Paradigms
Authors: Peristeri Eleni , Vogelzang Margreet , Tsimpli Ianthi Maria
Published: September 2021

The deficit in cognitive flexibility (i.e., the ability to adapt cognitive behavior to changing contexts) is one of the most prominent characteristics of autistic individuals. Inflexibility may manifest in restricted interests and increased susceptibility to the effects of misinformation either through inefficient inhibition of non-target information or deficient recall of correct information. Bilingualism has been shown to enhance executive functions in both typically developing children and autistic children; yet, the effect of bilingualism on cognitive flexibility in autism remains underexplored. In this study, we used verbal dual-tasks to compare cognitive flexibility across 50 monolingual autistic and 50 bilingual autistic children, and 50 monolingual and 50 bilingual typically developing children. The children were also administered language ability tests and a nonverbal global-local cognitive flexibility task, in order to investigate whether performance in the dual-tasks would be modulated by the children’s language and executive function skills. The bilingual autistic children outperformed their monolingual autistic peers in the dual-tasks. The strength of the bilingualism effect, however, was modulated by the type of language processing that interfered with the target information in each dual-task, which suggests that the bilingual autistic children calibrated their processing resources and efficiently adapted them to the changing demands of the dual-task only to the extent that the task did not exceed their language abilities. Bilingual autistic children relied on their executive functions rather than on their language abilities while performing in the dual-tasks. The overall results show that bilingualism compensates for the reduced cognitive flexibility in autism.
Revisiting Negation in Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Tang Gongbo , Rönchen Philipp , Sennrich Rico , Nivre Joakim
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we evaluate the translation of negation both automatically and manually, in English–German (EN–DE) and English– Chinese (EN–ZH). We show that the ability of neural machine translation (NMT) models to translate negation has improved with deeper and more advanced networks, although the performance varies between language pairs and translation directions. The accuracy of manual evaluation in EN→DE, DE→EN, EN→ZH, and ZH→EN is 95.7%, 94.8%, 93.4%, and 91.7%, respectively. In addition, we show that under-translation is the most significant error type in NMT, which contrasts with the more diverse error profile previously observed for statistical machine translation. To better understand the root of the under-translation of negation, we study the model’s information flow and training data. While our information flow analysis does not reveal any deficiencies that could be used to detect or fix the under-translation of negation, we find that negation is often rephrased during training, which could make it more difficult for the model to learn a reliable link between source and target negation. We finally conduct intrinsic analysis and extrinsic probing tasks on negation, showing that NMT models can distinguish negation and non-negation tokens very well and encode a lot of information about negation in hidden states but nevertheless leave room for improvement.
Cortinarius anaunianus (Agaricales, Cortinariaceae): a new species of the Humolentes clade from Italy
Authors: FELLIN ALESSANDRO , ERCOLE ENRICO , FERRARI RENATO JONNY , VIZZINI ALFREDO
Published: September 2021

Cortinarius anaunianus is described as a new species within the Humolentes clade of the section Calochroi s. lato from alpine silver fir forests (Abies alba) in northeastern Italy (Val di Non, province of Trento). Phylogeny based on the combined nrDNA ITS and LSU, rpb1, rpb2 and the coded gaps of the ITS region supports the independence of C. anaunianus from the closest taxa and its sister position to C. humolens from which it differs by (i) more vivid olivaceous tinges on pileus and lamellae when young, (ii) pileus surface strongly turning ocher-brown with age and exposure (iii) growing in silver fir forests rather than in association with broadleaved trees. Photos of fresh basidiomes in field and a full description of its main macro- and micromorphological features are provided and compared to those of the morphologically most similar species.
A sketch-based system for modeling 3D objects: Applications to taxonomy
Authors: RAMOS SAULO , SANTOS CHARLES MORPHY D. , SOUSA MARIO COSTA , GOIS JOÃO PAULO
Published: September 2021

We present a sketch-based system for modeling 3D objects with multiple contours as overlaid structures, allowing users to infer perceivable symmetries and occluded parts of the model prior to its automatic 3D reconstruction. Many approaches for sketch-based interfaces and modeling focus on the final drawing and 3D reconstruction of solid objects, exploring, as inputs, contours; however, when the subject consists of multiple drawings as overlaid structures, as usual in species descriptions, these approaches have to roughly infer or discard occluded parts. Unlike previous sketch-based techniques, we explore a set of 2D visual effects to enhance the visual perception of users while sketching multiple overlaid objects in single-view. The proposed system was applied to general simple zoological and botanical sketches as well as to published descriptions of species of Diptera, demonstrating its usefulness for taxonomy.
Redescription of Rhysodesmus dasypus (Gervais, 1847), the type species of the genus (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae)
Authors: BARRERA ISMAEL EDUARDO HUERTA-DE LA , BUENO-VILLEGAS JULIÁN , MEANS JACKSON CORNELIUS , CUPUL-MAGAÑA FABIO G.
Published: September 2021

As both the type of the genus and the largest known xystodesmid, Rhysodesmus dasypus (Gervais, 1847) is an important and charismatic Mexican species. Despite there are numerous taxonomic contributions, R. dasypus remains enigmatic and poorly diagnosed, necessitating the need for an updated taxonomic synthesis. Here, we present a redescription of R. dasypus based on eight specimens collected from three localities in close proximity to the suggested type locality of the species and include photographs of the diagnostic morphological characters. Additionally, we include a distribution map of previously reported localities from the literature and two new localities.
Additions to the genus Togoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from China
Authors: LI WENLIANG , WANG YINGYING , LI WEIHAI
Published: September 2021

A new species of the perlid genus Togoperla, T. flinti sp. nov. from Hubei and Anhui provinces of China, is described and compared with similar taxa. Additional illustrations presented and taxonomic variations are briefly discussed for T. canilimbata (Enderlein, 1909) and T. fortunati (Navás, 1926).
Three new species of Agenioideus Ashmead, 1902 and Priocnemis Schioedte, 1837 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) from Turkey
Authors: SCHMID-EGGER CHRISTIAN , KAPLAN EMIN , YILDIRIM EROL
Published: September 2021

Agenioideus (Mimochares) karsensis sp. nov. (female), Priocnemis (Umbripennis) diyarbakirensis sp. nov. (females and a male) and Priocnemis (Umbripennis) bingolensis sp. nov. (female) are described from eastern Turkey.
Fenton Reaction Induced by Fe-Based Nanoparticles for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhou Jian , Lei Miao , Peng Xue-Liang , Wei Dai-Xu , Yan Lu-Ke
Published: September 2021

Fenton reaction, a typical inorganic reaction, is broadly utilized in the field of wastewater treatment. Recently In case of its ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, it has been frequently reported in cancer treatment. Using the unique tumor microenvironment in cancer cells, many iron-based nanoparticles have been developed to release iron ions in cancer cells to induce Fenton reaction. In this mini review, we outline several different types of iron-based nanoparticles and several main means to enhance Fenton reaction in cancer cells. Finally, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of iron-based nanoparticles for cancer therapy, prospected the future development of iron-based nanoparticles. It is believed that iron-based nanoparticles can make certain contribution to the cause of human cancer in the future.
Development of a Sandwich Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for the Detection of Intact Procollagen Type I N Propeptide with Magnetic Nanosphere Carrier Technology
Authors: Song Li , Xie Chunmei , Liu Xueke , Huo Zhen , Xie Yinhai , Gao Jiafeng , Zhou Shuping , Shen Jing , Tang Xiaolong , Liu Xinkuang
Published: September 2021

The metabolic product of type I collagen synthesis, intact procollagen type I N propeptide (intact PINP), is a potential marker of bone formation and osteoporosis, which is not affected by kidney function. We sought to establish a chemiluminescent immunoassay method for the detection of serum intact PINP with previously prepared paired monoclonal antibodies and to evaluate the diagnostic value of the assay in osteoporosis. Using the capture molecule and monoclonal antibody as detection molecule, a diagnostic reagent was developed to detect intact PINP in serum with magnetic nanosphere carriers by the chemiluminescence method, and its analytical performance in the laboratory was evaluated. Serum intact PINP was measured in 142 healthy people and 115 osteoporosis patients. Results were matched with results of a similar test kit, Roche total PINP Elecsys Chemiluminescent Immunoassay Assay. Compared with the performance of the Roche PINP assay product, our method had higher sensitivity (0.02 ng/mL), wider linear range (0.02-1500 ng/mL), and anti-interference. Serum intact PINP values in osteoporosis patients were significantly higher than in healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Our method had good consistency compared with the Roche PINP assay (r= 0.9794). This chemiluminescence method for detecting serum intact PINP (CLIA-intact PINP) with magnetic nanosphere carrier technology meets the requirements of a clinical testing reagent and is expected to have clinical application after further evaluation and can compete with expensive imported kits on the market.
Early Diagnosis of Occult Blood of Colorectal Cancer Based on Nano-Colloidal Gold Sandwich Immunochromatography
Authors: Wu Yongying , Zhang Jiaoyan , Yang Xiaolin , Yin Zou , Yang Hui , Tang Tao , Chen Zhitao , Tian Dayong , Yang Yixia , Zhou Zhihua , Lu Fangyang
Published: September 2021

The development of science and technology has deepened people’s understanding of cancer, changing the management of malignant tumors in the medical field. Given the common precancerous characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC), researchers studied early CRC screening. The complexity
of traditional diagnostics forced medical staff to speed up CRC innovation early screening methods. Here, we prepared nano-colloidal gold raw materials with different particle sizes (15 and 30 nm) and observed the morphological characteristics and properties of the materials. Simultaneously,
the nanocolloidal gold double antibody sandwich kit was designed through the optimum pH value and protein content screening experiment. The results of clinical enteroscopy confirmed the important guiding significance of the equipment in early CRC screening.
The Intensity- and Size-Dependent Response of Tropical Cyclones to Increasing Vertical Wind Shear
Authors: Finocchio Peter M. , Rios-Berrios Rosimar
Published: September 2021

This study describes a set of idealized simulations in which westerly vertical wind shear increases from 3 to 15 m s−1 at different stages in the lifecycle of an intensifying tropical cyclone (TC). The TC response to increasing shear depends on the intensity and size of the TC’s tangential wind field when shear starts to increase. For a weak tropical storm, increasing shear decouples the vortex and prevents intensification. For Category 1 and stronger storms, increasing shear causes a period of weakening during which vortex tilt increases by 10–30 km before the TCs reach a near-steady Category 1–3 intensity at the end of the simulations. TCs exposed to increasing shear during or just after rapid intensification tend to weaken the most. Backward trajectories reveal a lateral ventilation pathway between 8–11 km altitude that is capable of reducing equivalent potential temperature in the inner core of these TCs by nearly 2°C. In addition, these TCs exhibit large reductions in diabatic heating inside the radius of maximum winds (RMW) and lower-entropy air parcels entering downshear updrafts from the boundary layer, which further contributes to their substantial weakening. The TCs exposed to increasing shear after rapid intensification and an expansion of the outer wind field reach the strongest near-steady intensity long after the shear increases because of strong vertical coupling that prevents the development of large vortex tilt, resistance to lateral ventilation through a deep layer of the middle troposphere, and robust diabatic heating within the RMW.
A Kilometer-Scale Coupled Atmosphere-Wave Forecasting System for the European Arctic
Authors: Thomas Erin E. , Müller Malte , Bohlinger Patrik , Batrak Yurii , Szapiro Nicholas
Published: September 2021

Accurately simulating the interactions between the components of a coupled Earth modelling system (atmosphere, sea-ice, and wave) on a kilometer-scale resolution is a new challenge in operational numerical weather prediction. It is difficult due to the complexity of interactive mechanisms, the limited accuracy of model components and scarcity of observations available for assessing relevant coupled processes. This study presents a newly developed convective-scale atmosphere-wave coupled forecasting system for the European Arctic. The HARMONIE-AROME configuration of the ALADIN-HIRLAM numerical weather prediction system is coupled to the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III using the OASIS3 model coupling toolkit. We analyze the impact of representing the kilometer-scale atmosphere-wave interactions through coupled and uncoupled forecasts on a model domain with 2.5 km spatial resolution. In order to assess the coupled model’s accuracy and uncertainties we compare 48-hour model forecasts against satellite observational products such as Advanced Scatterometer 10 m wind speed, and altimeter based significant wave height. The fully coupled atmosphere-wave model results closely match both satellite-based wind speed and significant wave height observations as well as surface pressure and wind speed measurements from selected coastal station observation sites. Furthermore, the coupled model contains smaller standard deviation of errors in both 10m wind speed and significant wave height parameters when compared to the uncoupled model forecasts. Atmosphere and wave coupling reduces the short term forecast error variability of 10 m wind speed and significant wave height with the greatest benefit occurring for high wind and wave conditions.
Asymmetry by Design? Identity Obfuscation, Reputational Pressure, and Consumer Predation in U.S. For-Profit Higher Education
Authors: Goldstein Adam , Eaton Charlie
Published: September 2021

This article develops and tests an identity-based account of malfeasance in consumer markets. We hypothesize that multi-brand organizational structures help predatory firms short-circuit reputational discipline by rendering their underlying identities opaque to consumer audiences. The analysis utilizes comprehensive administrative data on all U.S. for-profit colleges, an industry characterized by widespread fraud and poor (although variable) educational outcomes. Consistent with the hypothesis that brand multiplicity facilitates malfeasance by reducing ex ante reputational risks, colleges that are part of multi-brand companies invest less in instruction, have worse student outcomes, and are more likely to face legal and regulatory sanctions (relative to single-brand firms). Maintaining multiple outward-facing brand identities also mitigates reputational penalties in the wake of law enforcement actions, as measured by news coverage of legal actions, and by subsequent enrollment growth. The results suggest identity multiplicity plays a key role in allowing firms to furnish substandard products, even amid frequent scandals and media scrutiny. Predatory practices are facilitated not only by the inherent informational asymmetries in a given product, but also by firms’ efforts to make themselves less legible to audiences. The analysis contributes to research on higher education, organizational theory, and the sociology of markets.
Resonance beyond regimes: Migrant’s alternative infrastructuring practices in Athens
Authors: Wajsberg Mirjam , Schapendonk Joris
Published: September 2021

In migration studies, there is an increasing interest in understanding how migration processes are shaped by different forms of brokerage and mediation. We relate these debates to the everyday struggles of migrants in the city of Athens. In so doing, we propose a shift from the all-encompassing view on infrastructures, that is, as systematic entities of facilitation/control to the infrastructuring practices of migrants. This implies a focus on how migrants create dynamic social platforms, and how these platforms relate to formal infrastructures and industries. We analyse these infrastructuring practices through a conceptual lens of resonance that is sensitive to the constitutive (how things, people and processes are brought together) as well as travelling capacities of these practices (how the platforms shift to other places). With an ethnographic approach, we create in-depth insights into the ways in which migrants mediate im/mobility in the urban environment of Athens through infrastructuring practices. The paper concludes by reflecting on the promises and limitations of the infrastructuring practices as sites of solidarity. We thereby argue that there are many links to make within the mobile commons debate. At the same time, our findings highlight that the transformative potential of infrastructuring practices does not always go along with a clear claim on solidarity.
Cochlear Implantation Outcomes in Observed Vestibular Schwannoma: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Longino Elizabeth S. , Manzoor Nauman F. , Cass Nathan D. , Tawfik Kareem O. , Bennett Marc L. , O’Malley Matthew R. , Haynes David S. , Perkins Elizabeth L.
Published: September 2021

Objective

Over the last decade there has been a trend toward observation for small nongrowing vestibular schwannoma (VS). Even without tumor growth, patients commonly experience ipsilateral hearing decline, and hearing rehabilitation remains challenging. This study analyzes hearing and speech performance outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) in observed VS.

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Methods

Chart review was used to include patients with observed VS who had undergone ipsilateral CI, pre‐ and postimplantation audiometry, and speech performance. Tumor size pre‐ and postimplantation was measured with volumetric analysis.

Results

Seven patients with ipsilateral VS and CI were identified. Preimplantation tumor volume was 0.11 to 1.02 cm3. Five subjects were implanted with a straight electrode and two with a perimodiolar electrode. The average preimplant pure tone average was 91.3 dB (range, 80‐117 dB) and 61.2 dB (range, 12‐118 dB) for the implanted and nonimplanted ears, respectively. In all subjects with at least 1 year of listening experience (n = 6), consonant‐nucleus‐consonant word scores improved at 6 months and 1 year in the CI‐alone and bimodal listening conditions. AzBio scores in quiet also improved at 6 months and 1 year. Of subjects with serial pre‐ and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging, volumetric analysis demonstrated no tumor growth.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that CI is a successful option for subjects with small nongrowing VS. All subjects had improved performance postimplantation. VS may continue to be observed with serial magnetic resonance imaging given increasing conditionality among CI manufacturers and ability to assess cerebellopontine angle extension despite implant artifact.
Learn from elsewhere: A relational geography of policy learning in Bangkok’s Creative District
Authors: Rugkhapan Napong Tao
Published: September 2021

The article investigates Charoengkrung Creative District as a site of cross-border policy learning. Heralded as Thailand's first creative district and a “prototype” for many more to come, Charoenkrung Creative District promises to rejuvenate the city through a participatory, broad-based approach. Rather than analyzing the creative district as a local intervention, the article foregrounds the transnational character of policymaking. It shows that while the policy intervention is local, it is globally inspired by the imaginaries of “successful” elsewheres. The paper analyzes the state's discourse of creativity as a global–local negotiation, whereby the local understanding of creativity is contingent upon (and therefore curtailed by) its selective perception of foreign successes. Building upon the notion of assemblage, it points to a collage of policy ideas and imaginaries of success, which are mobilized to promote the vision of the creative district at home.
Some effects of non-axisymmetric tip clearance layout on axial compressor aerodynamics
Authors: Zhang Haohao , Zhuang Haowan , Teng Jinfang , Zhu Mingmin , Qiang Xiaoqing
Published: September 2021

A steady and unsteady numerical research is carried out to explore some effects of a specific non-axisymmetric tip clearance layout on the overall performance and stability of an axial compressor stage. For a 4-stage low-speed research compressor (LSRC) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), one-eighth annulus of the inlet guide vane and the first stage rotor was modeled for this study. After the validation for the uniform tip clearance case, a specific non-axisymmetric tip clearance layout is chosen from several random cases generated by the Gaussian Probabilistic Density Function method. Unsteady time-averaged results at the near stall condition show that the chosen non-axisymmetric layout can improve the isentropic efficiency by 1.3% and extend the stall margin by 4%. Detailed analyses on flow fields are carried out to interpret the performance improvement. Due to the circumferential layout of clearance sizes, the inlet mass flow and incidence are redistributed in both the radial and circumferential directions. It leads to blade loading and tip leakage flow varying with the tip clearance size. The quantification of blockage manifests that the blockage arising from the tip leakage flow is significantly alleviated in the non-axisymmetric layout, which leads to improvements in overall performance and stall margin. Transient flow fields at the rotor tip are also analyzed at the near stall condition. For the non-axisymmetric layout, low-momentum regions originating from larger clearance sizes oscillate and develop downstream in one blade passage period.