bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric Measures and Breast Cancer Risk among Hispanic Women in Puerto Rico
Authors: Ramírez-Marrero Farah A , Nazario Cruz Maria , Rosario-Rosado Rosa V , Schelske-Santos Michelle , Mansilla-Rivera Imar , Nie Jing , Hernandez-Santiago Johan M , Freudenheim Jo
Published: October 2021

While there is consistent evidence of increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer associated with higher body mass index (BMI), higher adult weight gain and higher waist circumference in North American and European populations, there is little evidence for Hispanic women. Among Hispanic women in Puerto Rico (PR), breast cancer is the leading type of cancer, and leading cause of cancer related deaths. However, compared with the United States, breast cancer rates are lower but increasing more rapidly. Purpose: To determine associations between anthropometric characteristics and breast cancer risk in Hispanic women in PR. Methods: Data from a population-based case control study in the San Juan metropolitan region was used to examine associations between anthropometric measures and breast cancer risk, also considering menopausal status and hormone therapy (HT). Results: Among premenopausal women, BMI equal or higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist to height ratio (WHtR) of 0.53 or higher were associated with lower odds of breast cancer. For postmenopausal breast cancer, waist circumference of 86.4 cm or higher, WHtR of 0.57 or higher, waist to hip ratio of 0.84 or greater, and height of 150 cm or taller were associated with lower odds of breast cancer. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that associations of risk with anthropometry may differ for Hispanic women. Future studies should include measures of fat and lean mass distribution to further understand anthropometric measures and breast cancer risk among Hispanic women.
A Publicly Available Dataset of Out-of-Field Dose Profiles of a 6 MV Linear Accelerator
Authors: Peet Samuel , Cassim Naasiha , Kairn Tanya , Trapp Jamie V , Crowe Scott B
Published: October 2021

An increase in radiotherapy-induced secondary malignancies has led to recent developments in analytical modelling of out-of-field dose. These models must be validated against measurements, but currently available datasets are outdated or limited in scope. This study aimed to address these shortcomings by producing a large dataset of out-of-field dose profiles measured with modern equipment. A novel method was developed with the intention of allowing physicists in all clinics to perform these measurements themselves using commonly available dosimetry equipment. A standard 3D scanning water tank was used to collect 36 extended profiles. Each profile was measured in two sections, with the inner section measured with the beam directly incident on the tank, and the outer section with the beam incident on a water-equivalent phantom abutted next to the tank. The two sections were then stitched using a novel feature-matching approach. The profiles were compared against linac commissioning data and manually inspected for discontinuities in the overlap region. The dataset is presented as a publicly accessible comma separated variable file containing off-axis ratios at a range of off-axis distances. This dataset may be applied to the development and validation of analytical models of out-of-field dose. Additionally, it may be used to inform dose estimates to radiosensitive implants and anatomy. Physicists are encouraged to perform these out-of-field measurements in their own clinics and share their results with the community.
Novel topological end modes and breaking of bulk boundary correspondence in skin-effect absent superconductive chain
Authors: Wang Huan-Yu , Liu Wu-Ming
Published: October 2021

Topological nontrivial systems feature isolated gapless edge modes, and play a key role in advancing our understanding of quantum matter. A most profound way to characterize edge modes above is through bulk topological invariants, which is known as bulk boundary correspondence. Recent studies on non-Hermitian physics have pronounced the broken bulk-boundary correspondence with the presence of skin effect. Here, we propose a new type of fermionic topological edge modes η, satisfying η+= iη,η2=-i. Remarkably, we demonstrate that for both two cases: superconductive chain with purely η modes and quantum chain with η, Majorana modes γ on different ends, fermion parity can be well defined. Interestingly, for the latter case, broken bulk boundary correspondence is observed despite the absence of skin effects . The phenomenon above is unique to open quantum systems. For the junction with both η,γ modes, the current will not remain sinusoid form but decay exponentially. The exchange of η modes obeys the rules of non-abelian statistics, and can find its applications in topological quantum computing.
Assessment of DRAINMOD-NII Model for Prediction of Nitrogen Losses Through Subsurface Drained Sandy Clay Under Cultivation in South West Punjab, India
Authors: DAR MEHRAJ U DIN , Singh J.P.
Published: October 2021

In the present study, DRAINMOD-NII model was calibrated for the years 2018-2019 and validated for the period 2019-2020 over the two cropping years. The model simulations were statistically evaluated by comparing the measured drain flows and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) with the model simulated drain outflows and nitrate loss. The study results depicted closer agreement between the simulated and observed results for both the calibration and validation periods. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the drainage rate was 8.88 cm more than observed data,15.41, 0.53 and 0.57 cm were the values recorded for PBIAS, modelling efficiency (NSE) and R2. The similar parameter values for nitrogen load were recorded to be 0.14, 2.76 ,0.84 and 0.88 respectively during the calibration period for rice wheat system. The model was statistically tested during the validation period also, confirming DRAINMOD-NII has the capability to simulate nitrogen losses from the area subjected to subsurface drainage system.
The preventive function of low-dose aspirin in mice with preeclampsia induced by PPAR-γ antagonist
Authors: Guo Yongbing , Zhu Yuchun , Sun Yu , Yang Huixia
Published: October 2021

BackgroundIn the present study, PPAR-γ antagonist was used to induce preeclampsia model in mice to explore the intervention effect and mechanism of aspirin on preeclampsia model mice.MethodsPregnant mice were injected intraperitoneally with PPAR-γ antagonist (2 mg/kg/d) at 8.5-12.5 days of pregnancy to establish PE mouse models. Two doses of LDA (10 mg/kg/d and 20 mg/kg/d) were given to the PE mouse models for intervention.The blood pressure, 24-hour proteinuria, urine protein/creatinine ratio, interleukin (IL)1-β and endoglin level in peripheral blood, placental PPAR-γ mRNA expression in placenta, the placenta weight and pathology of placenta and kidneys of mice from different groups were detected.ResultsLDA effectively decreased the blood pressure increase caused by PPAR-γ antagonist in mice, and the increase degree of urinary protein and urinary protein creatinine ratio was notably relieved.LDA also inhibited the overexpression of Endoglin and IL-β induced by PPAR-γ antagonist.In addition, LDA evidently increased the placental weight of preeclampsia mice.The placenta and kidney injury were obviously less serious.LDA alleviated the expression inhibition of PPAR-γ mRNA.The remission effect of 20mgLDA was significantly better than that of 10mg.Conclusions(1) LDA has a preventive effect in PE mice induced by PPAR-γ antagonist. (2) The preventive effect of LDA is dose-dependent in PE mouse models induced by PPAR-γ antagonist.
Smoking Modulates Different Secretory Subpopulations Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes in the Nasal and Bronchial Airways
Authors: Xu Ke , Shi Xingyi , Husted Christopher , Hong Rui , Wang Yichen , Ning Boting , Sullivan Travis , Rieger-Christ Kimberly , Duan Fenghai , Marques Helga , Gower Adam , Xiao Xiaohui , Liu Hanqiao , Liu Gang , Duclos Grant , Platt Michael , Spira Avrum , Mazzilli Sarah , Billatos Ehab , Lenburg Marc , Campbell Joshua , Beane Jennifer
Published: October 2021

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity are influenced by viral entry (VE) gene expression patterns in airway epithelium. The similarities and differences of VE gene expression (ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL) across nasal and bronchial compartments has not been fully characterized using matched samples from large cohorts. Results: Gene expression data from 793 nasal and 1,673 bronchial brushes obtained from individuals participating in lung cancer screening or diagnostic workup revealed that smoking was the only clinical factor significantly and reproducibly associated with VE gene expression. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression were higher in smokers in the bronchus but not in the nose. scRNA-seq of nasal brushings indicated that ACE2 co-expressed genes were highly expressed in club and C15orf48+ secretory cells while TMPRSS2 co-expressed genes were highly expressed in keratinizing epithelial cells. In contrast, these ACE2 and TMPRSS2 modules were highly expressed in goblet cells in scRNA-seq from bronchial brushings. Cell-type deconvolution of the RNA-seq confirmed that smoking increased the abundance of several secretory cell populations in the bronchus, but only goblet cells in the nose. Conclusions: The association of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with smoking in the bronchus is due to their high expression in goblet cells which increase in abundance in current smoker airways. In contrast, in the nose these genes are not predominantly expressed in cell populations modulated by smoking. Smoking-induced VE gene expression changes in the nose likely has minimal impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection, but in the bronchus, smoking may lead to higher viral loads and more severe disease.
Fatty Acid-Inducible Part/ANGPTL4 Regulates Lipid Oxidation Response to Gelsemium Elegans Alkaloids
Authors: Wu Yong , Wang Li-Li , Hu Xing-ping , Song Shiyu , Zhao Na-Jiao , Feng YuJian , Guo Jianping , Liu Zhao-Ying , Sun Zhi-Liang , Liu Yisong
Published: October 2021

Background：The Gelsemium elegans alkaloids have been used in animal feed additives and already achieved terrific results in the pig’s gut health and weight gain. A series of studies have been conducted to explore the mechanisms by which it improves gut health and promotes growth. However, hardly any research has been done in the metabolic changes G. elegans alkaloids elicit in pork muscle. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase-mediated plasma triglyceride clearance, is transcribed at a higher rate relative to others in G. elegans alkaloids non-feeding muscle than in G. elegans alkaloids feeding muscle.Methods：A total of 24 muscle tissues and corresponding blood samples were collected from pigs and Target RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent according to the manufacturer's instructions. Histological and immunofluorescence analysis combined with Western blot analysis were utilized to further explore the possible mechanism of ANGPTL4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ(PPARD).Results： This phenomenon results from that ANGPTL4 in G. elegans alkaloids non-feeding muscle is mediated by elevated plasma free fatty acids via PPARD, presumably leading to reduced local uptake of plasma triglyceride-derived fatty acids and their sparing for use by feeding with G. elegans alkaloids. In contrast, the transcription of ANGPTL4 in G. elegans alkaloids feeding muscle likely is counteracted via lipoprotein lipase(LPL)-mediated negative-regulation, promoting the use of plasma triglycerides as fuel for active muscles. Conclusion：The experimental result indicates that the muscle and the local regulation of ANGPTL4 via PPARD and LPL have critical roles in governing lipid homeostasis during the feeding process of pigs and will shed light on the molecular mechanism discovered by G. elegans alkaloids.
Method to Determine the Statistical Technical Variability of SUV Parameters
Authors: De Luca Giulia Maria Rita , Habraken Jan
Published: October 2021

Background: Some of the parameters used for the quantification of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images are the Standardized Uptake Value (SUV)Max, SUVMean and SUVPeak. In order to assess the significance of an increasing or decreasing of these parameters for diagnostic purposes it is relevant to know their standard deviation. The sources of the standard deviation can be divided in biological and technical. In this study we present a method to determine the technical variation of the SUV in PET images.Results: This method was tested on images of a NEMA quality phantom with spheres of various diameters with full-length acquisition time of 150 s per bed position and foreground to background activity ratio of F18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) of 10:1. Our method is based on dividing the full-length 150 s acquisition into subsets of shorter time length and reconstructing the images in the subsets. The SUVMax, Mean and Peak were calculated for each reconstructed image in a subset. The coefficient of deviation of the SUV parameters within each subset has then been used to estimate the expected standard deviation between images at 150 s reconstruction length. We report the largest technical variation of the SUV parameters for the smallest sphere, and the smallest variation for the largest sphere. The expected variation at 150 s reconstruction length does not exceed 6% for the smallest sphere and 2% for the largest sphere. Conclusions: With the presented method we are able to determine the technical variation of SUV. The method enables us to evaluate the effect of parameter selection and lesion size on the technical variation, and therefore to evaluate its relevance on the total variation of the SUV value between studies.
Implication of Climate Change On Crop Water Requirement: A Regional Case Study in The Semi-Arid Region of Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Gade Shubham Anil , Khedkar Devidas D
Published: October 2021

The hydrological cycle has been massively impacted by climate change and human activities. Thus it is of the highest concern to examine the effect of climate change on water management, especially at the regional level, to understand possible future shifts in water supply and water-related crises, and to provide support for regional water management. Fortunately, there arises a high degree of ambiguity in determining the effect of climate change on water requirements. In this paper, the Statistical DownScaling (SDSM) model is applied to simulate the potential impact of climate on crop water requirement (CWR) by downscaling ET0 in the region of Western Maharashtra, India for the future periods viz., 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s across three meteorological stations (Pune, Rahuri, and Solapur). Four crops i.e. cotton, soybean, onion, and sugarcane are selected during the analysis. The Penman-Monteith equation is used to calculate reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0), which further in conjunction with the crop coefficient (Kc) equation is used to calculate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) / CWR. The predictor variables are extracted from the NCEP reanalysis dataset for the period 1961-2000 and the HadCM3 under H3A2 and H3B2 scenarios for the period of 1961 – 2099. The results indicated by SDSM profound good applicability in downscaling due to satisfactory performance during calibration and validation for all three stations. The projected ET0 indicated an increase in mean annual ET0 as compared to the present condition during the 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s. The ET0 would increase for all months (in summer, winter, and pre-monsoon seasons) and decrease from June to September (monsoon season). The estimated future CWR show variation in the range for cotton (-0.97 to 2.48%), soybean (-2.09 to 1.63 %), onion (0.49 to 4.62 %), and sugarcane (0.05 to 2.86 %).
A Survey on the Impact of COVID 19 on Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Education in Qatar
Authors: Thomas M , Suleiman S , Allen M , Hameed M , Ghaffar A , Emara MM , Fatima H , George S , Singh R , Ghazouaini H , Alkhal AL
Published: October 2021

BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic has affected all dimensions of day to day life across the world and medical education was no exception. In Qatar, two institutions provide undergraduate medical education; Qatar University - College of medicine and Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar and post graduate medical education is provided by tertiary care public hospitals under Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) through Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education -International (ACGME-I) accredited residency and fellowship programs. With this study we aimed to understand the impact of nationwide restrictions on medical education in Qatar.MethodsWe conducted a cross sectional study utilising an online questionnaire between April and October 2020. Two questionnaires for the faculty and trainees each were designed to address the objectives. The questionnaires addressed barriers to delivery of medical education and perceptions on the models of education used.ResultsMajority of trainees (58.5%) responded that the pandemic has adversely affected medical education at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Trainees (58.5%) and faculty (35.7%) reported an increased reliance on e-learning. Trainees preferred face to face education (33.5%) while the faculty (37.1%) preferred a combination of different models of education delivery. Although 52.5% of the faculty had no previous experience of delivering education using e-learning modalities, but 58.9% felt confident in using e-learning software.ConclusionsFaculty and trainees agree that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the provision of medical education and training in Qatar, with an increased dependence on e-learning. As trainee’s prefer face-to-face models of education, we may have to consider restructuring of medical curricula in order to ensure that optimum learning is achieved via e-learning, while at the same time enhancing our use, knowledge and understanding of the e -learning methods as they may be an essential way of delivering education in the future.
Thermal Modeling And Uncertainty Quantification of Tool For Automated Garment Assembly
Authors: Castrillón Nicolás , Rock Avery , Zohdi Tarek I.
Published: October 2021

In this work, a thermal Finite Element model is developed to simulate the performance of a blade-like tool for robotic work cells performing automated garment production using a novel thermoplastic stiffening layer. Uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis are applied to determine the most important design properties and optimize key performance metrics for swift and reliable garment assembly. Attention is focused on the geometric and thermal design properties that minimize sensitivity to environmental conditions while maximizing expected productivity. An example design is shown for illustrative purposes. This work may inform future design innovation for similar heating tools and reduce the need for physical experiments and long calibration times on the factory floor.
Integration of Internet Protocol and Embedded System On IoT Device Automation
Authors: Algani Yousef MethkalAbd , S Balaji , A. AlbertRaj , G. Elangovan , P.J. Sathish Kumar , Agordzo George Kofi , Pentang Jupeth Toriano , B. Kiran Bala
Published: October 2021

The integration of Internet Protocol and Embedded Systems can enhance the communication platform. This paper describes the emerging smart technologies based on Internet of Things (IOT) and internet protocols along with embedded systems for monitoring and controlling smart devices with the help of Wi-Fi technology and web applications. The internet protocol (IP) address has been assigned to the things to control and operate the devices via remote network that facilitates the interoperability and end-to-end communication among various devices c,onnected over a network. The HTTP POST and HTTP GET command that supports the RESTful service have been used to ensure the transmission and reception of packets between the IOT Gateway and Cloud Database. The emerging smart technologies based on the Internet of Things (IoT) facilitated features like automation, controllability, interconnectivity, reliability which in turn turn paved the way for a wide range of acceptance amongst the masses. The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought in many new emerging technologies into varoius field like our daily lives, industry, agricultural sector, and many more. The world is experiencing the explosive growth with the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) these years. The potential growth of IoT is enoromous which is evidenced by all the human beings in our day to day life.
Effect of Nitrate, Two Oils and Their Combinations Added To Two Different Forage: Concentrate Ratios On Some Rumen Parameters and Protozoa Population.
Authors: OLOMONCHI Euloge O.A. , GARIPOĞLU Ali V.
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of nitrate, and two oils (O) (soybean and hazelnut oils) alone or in combination, on in vitro methane (CH4) production, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia (NH3) concentrations, pH, and protozoa population. For that, 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design with 2 two different forage:concentrate (F:C) ratios (40F:60C, and 60F:40C), 2 sources of nitrogen (sodium nitrate (NO−3: 45.94 g/kg DM) or urea (16.45 g/kg DM for control group) and 2 oils (hazelnut oil (HO: 36.58 g/kg DM) or soybean oil (SO: 36.58 g/kg DM)). For every forage: concentrate (F:C) ratio, six (6) treatment groups were formulated: F:C + Urea, F:C + NO−3, F:C + Urea + HO, F:C + Urea + SO, F:C + NO−3 + HO, F:C + NO−3 + SO. For every F:C ratio while NO−3 (p<0.01), oils (p<0.01), and NO−3 + oils (SO, HO) (p<0.01) decreased CH4 content, protozoa population, ammonia (NH3) concentration, acetic acid, total VFA, acetic acid: propionic acid ratio and pH, they increased butyric acid and propionic acid concentrations. Furthermore, CH4 production (12.44 vs 9.09 ml), ammonia (8.23 vs 7.37 mmol/l), propionic acid (19.14 vs 17.93 mmol/l), butyric acid (15.50 vs 14.50 mmol/l), total VFA (86.46 vs 85.66 mmol/l), protozoa population (32.16 vs 26.96 x104 ml.) were high in early lactation period. In both lactation periods, SO, and NO−3 + SO decreased acetic acid concentration, protozoa population, and thus CH4 production.
Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Node Status and its Association with Clinicopathological Factors in Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Golpazir Arash , Nazeri Mehri , yazd Seyed mostafa meshkati , Karoobi Mohamadreza , Nemati Houshang , Mahmoodzadeh Habibollah
Published: October 2021

Background: Cutaneous Melanoma (CM) is cancer with rising prevalence worldwide. The most significant predictor of CM is regional lymph node metastasis. Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) biopsy has been used to stage CM and to identify lymphatic metastasis. This study aims to evaluate the SLN association with clinicopathological factors in the CM patients for a better surgical management. Methods: This retrospective study included 80 CM patients who had gone through lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran from 2011 to 2018. The clinical and histologic factors, including sex, age, tumor location, Breslow thickness, ulceration, angiolymphatic invasion, tumor mitotic rate (TMR), and Clark level, were analyzed.Results: Fifty-six patients (70%) were found to have SLN, 19 patients (33.9%) were SLN-positive, and 37 patients (66.1%) were SLN-negative. Breslow thickness was the only variable that was significantly associated with the prediction of SLN. SLN was not correlated with other features such as ulceration, angiolymphatic invasion, and tumor mitotic rate. Complete Lymph Node Dissection (CLND) was carried out in 18 out of 19 SLN-positive patients. Moreover, 5 patients (27.8%) were found to be non-SLN-positive out of 18 SLN biopsy+CLND-positive patients. Furthermore, there was not any significant relationship between the clinicopathological features and the prediction of non-SLN. Conclusions: Breslow thickness was significantly correlated with positive SLN biopsy. Thus, it can be a strong predictor of positive SLN in CM patients.
Trend of Obesity in The United States During a Decade
Authors: Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Sharifi Mohammad Hossein , Aryaie Mohammad , Gheibi Zahra , Zeighami Shahryar , Seifi Ali
Published: October 2021

Background and objectiveWhile obesity prevalence in the United States has increased considerably, its impact on factors such as mortality, comorbidity, and cost have not been extensively analyzed in hospitalized patients. Detailed information on the prevalence of obesity and associated factors among inpatients may help in developing health care policies aimed at reducing mortality, comorbidity, and cost.MethodsIn this study, data for analysis of inpatient discharges from 2005 to 2015 were obtained from the Health Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) database. Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater is defined as obesity. Descriptive analysis includes trends of obesity by sex, race, region, location and payer. To classify magnitude of association between obesity and comorbidities, we classified prevalence ratio (PR) to high risk factor (PR≥1.5), low risk factor (PR= <1.5-1.25), null (<1.25->0.8) and preventive factor (PR<0.8) based on expert epidemiologists opinion. Results During the study period we reviewed 82,618,702 discharges with 6,705,774 obesity for a rate of 8.11%. The percent of obese discharges increased from 4.6% in 2005 to 11.9% in 2015. In all subgroup variables, there was a substantial difference between obesity and non-obesity in hospital patients. Data indicated females had a higher prevalence of hospital discharges with obesity, compared to males. Moreover, Black race had the highest percentage and Asian or Pacific Islander is the lowest in this trend. ConclusionWhile obesity prevalence in the United States population has slowly increased, there has been a more marked increase in obese patients in the hospital.
Changes in hip Joint Contact Stress During a Gait Cycle based on the Individualized Modeling Framework of"Gait-Musculoskeletal System-Finite Element"
Authors: Xiong Binglang , Yang Peng , Lin Tianye , Xu Jinli , Xie Yong , Guo Yongliang , Liu Churong , Zhou Qizhao , Lai Qizhong , Wei Qiushi , He Wei , Zhang Qingwen
Published: October 2021

Objective: To construct a comprehensive simulation framework of "gait-musculoskeletal system(MS)-finite element(FE)" for analysis of hip joint dynamics characteristics and the changes in the contact stress in the hip throughout a gait cycle.Methods:Two healthy volunteers (male and female) were recruited. The 3D gait trajectories during normal walking and the CT images including the hip and femur of the volunteers were obtained. CT Imaging data in the DICOM were extracted for subjected 3D hip joint reconstruction. The reconstructed 3D model files were used to realize the subject-specific registration of the pelvis and thigh segment of general musculoskeletal model. The captured marker trajectory data were used to drive subject-specific musculoskeletal model to complete inverse dynamic analysis. Results of inverse dynamic analysis were exported and appliedas boundary and load settings of the hip joint finite element in ABAQUS. Finally, the finite element analysis(FEA) was performed to analyze contact stress of hip joint during a gait cycle of left foot.Results: In the inverse dynamic analysis, the dynamic changes of the main hip-femoral muscle force with respect to each phase of a single gait cycle were plotted. The hip joint reaction force reached a maximum value of 2.9%BW（Body weight）and appeared at the end of the terminal stance phase. Twin peaks appeared at the initial contact phase and the end of the terminal stance phase respectively. FEA showed the temporal changes in contact stress in the acetabulum. In the visual stress cloud chart, the acetabular contact stress was mainly distributed in the dome of the acetabulum and in the anterolateral area at the top of the femoral head during a single gait cycle. The acetabular contact area was 293.8-998.4 mm2 and the maximum contact area appear at the mid-stance phase or the loading response phase of gait. The maximum contact stress of the acetabulum reached 6.91 Mpa (Model 1) / 6.92 Mpa(Model 2) at the terminal stance phase. Conclusions:The "Gait-MS-FE" technology is integrated to construct a comprehensive simulation framework. Based on human gait trajectories and their CT images, individualized simulation modeling can be achieved. Subject-specific gait in combination with an inverse dynamic analysis of the MS provides pre-processing parameters for FE simulation for more accurate biomechanical analysis of hip joint.
Immunological Role And Clinical Prognostic Significance of Risk Marker P2RY6 In Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Hong , Hui Dongxu , Li Jiasheng , Zhang Lihua , Xiang Xuebao
Published: October 2021

There is increasing evidence that P2RY6 may be involved in inflammatory responses. However, the role of P2RY6 in a variety of cancers remains unknown. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed P2RY6 expression and its association with different types of malignancies using different multiple databases, and further explored the relationship between P2RY6 expression and prognosis in LUAD, and finally validated it using immunohistochemistry in LUAD. We found that P2RY6 was expressed at significantly higher levels in a variety of cancer tissues, and that poor patient prognosis was strongly associated with high P2RY6 expression. Further risk scoring revealed that P2RY6 is closely associated with the immune microenvironment of LUAD, which would suggest that P2RY6 would be a new target for immunotherapy in LUAD
Revealing the Polar Nature of a Ferroelectric Nematic
Authors: Rudquist Per
Published: October 2021

The recent discovery of spontaneously polar nematic liquid crystals - so-called ferroelectric nematics - more than a century after the first discussions about their possible existence - has attracted large interest, both from fundamental scientific and applicational points of view. However, the experimental demonstration of such a phase has, so-far, been non-trivial. Here I present a direct method for the experimental verification of a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal phase. The method utilizes a single sample cell where the two substrates are linearly and circularly rubbed, respectively, and the ferroelectric nematic phase (NF) is revealed by the orientation of the resulting disclination lines in the cell.
XinJiaCongRongTuSiZiWan Protects TP-Induced Rats from Oxidative Stress Injury via Mitophagy Mediated PINK1/ Parkin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yan Jin , Deng Disi , Liu Min , Wu Yeke , Wu Keming
Published: October 2021

Background: Oxidative stress is one of main molecular mechanisms involved in toxicity of triptolide (TP). Although our group has discovered the effectiveness of XinJiaCongRongTuSiZiWan (XJCRTSZW) on premature ovarian failure (POF) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), whether the protective role of XJCRTSZW being associated with oxidative stress is still totally understood. Methods: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats and human ovarian granulosa cell lines were treated with TP, and then treated with XinJiaCongRongTuSiZiWan (XJCRTSZW). Histological analysis and follicle count were executed using H&E staining. Hormone (E2, AMH, P, FSH and LH) concentrations, oxidative stress indicators (SOD and MDA), apoptosis rate, ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell viability, mitophagy and relative mRNA and protein levels (LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, p62, Hsp60, PINK1 and Parkin) were detected by ELISA, commercial biochemical detection kits, flow cytometry, JC-1 staining, CCK-8, transmission electron microscope and western blotting respectively. Results: XJCRTSZW treatment observably ameliorated the TP-induced the pathological symptoms, including the decreased primordial follicles, primary follicles and secondary follicles numbers in the cortical area, the increased numbers of atretic follicles, necrotic and shedding, and nuclear constriction and collapse with cystic dilatation in vivo. Furthermore, XJCRTSZW treatment observably enhanced the TP-induced reduction of E2, AMH and P concentrations, SOD concentrations, ATP content, MMP, p62 and Hsp60 mRNA and protein level, but, diminished the TP-induced elevation of FSH and LH concentrations, MDA level, ROS level, apoptosis rate, mitophagy, and the mRNA and protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, PINK1 and Parkin both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, XJCRTSZW treatment markedly increased the TP-induced reduction of cell viability in vitro.Conclusion: XinJiaCongRongTuSiZiWan protects TP-induced rats from oxidative stress injury via mitophagy mediated PINK1/ Parkin signaling pathway.
Isolation of A Nocardiopsis Chromatogenes Strain That Degrades PLA (Polylactic Acid) From Pig Waste–Based Compost
Authors: Kawashima Nobuyuki , Tokuda Junko , Yagi Tadashi , Takahashi Katsuyuki
Published: October 2021

A new Nocardiopsis species that degrades polylactic acid (PLA) was isolated from pig dung–based compost from a municipal composting facility in Japan. To obtain strains capable of efficient PLA degradation, we minimized the effect of non-enzymatic degradation of PLA by maintaining the temperature at 37°C or below. After screening a total of 15 animal waste–based compost samples, consisting of pig dung, cow dung, horse dung, or chicken droppings, we found that compost derived from pig dung was most efficient for degradation of PLA film, and used it for isolation of PLA-degrading microorganisms. Screening for PLA-degrading microorganisms in compost was performed using an agar plate–based method; an emulsifier was omitted to avoid selection of strains that assimilated the emulsifier instead of PLA in the medium. After repeated enrichment, six strains were obtained. One strain that exhibited stable PLA degradation on agar plates was subjected to genomic analysis and identified as Nocardiopsis chromatogenes, an actinomycete.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Caesarean Section in Rwanda: a Trend Analysis of Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2000 to 2019-20
Authors: Kibe Peter M. , Mbuthia Grace Wambura , Shikuku Duncan , Akoth Catherine , Oguta James , Ng’ang'a Loise , Gatimu Samwel Maina
Published: October 2021

Background: Caesarean section (CS) is an important medical intervention for reducing the risk of poor perinatal outcomes. However, CS trends in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continue to increase yet maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity remain high. Rwanda, like many other countries in SSA, has shown an increasing trend in the use of CS. This study assessed the trends and factors associated with CS delivery in Rwanda over the past two decades.Methods: We used nationally representative child datasets from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2000 to 2019-20. All births in the preceding three years to the survey were assessed for the mode of delivery. The participants’ characteristics, trends and the prevalence of CS were analysed using frequencies and percentages. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to assess the factors associated with population and hospital-based CS in Rwanda for each of the surveys.Results: The population-based rate of CS in Rwanda significantly increased from 2.2% (95% CI 1.8–2.6) in 2000 to 15.6% (95% CI 13.9–16.5) in 2019-20. Despite increasing in all health facilities over time, there was an almost four-fold difference in the rate of CS between private (60.6%) and public health facilities (15.4%) in 2019-20. The rates and odds of CS were disproportionately high among women of high socioeconomic groups, those who resided in Kigali city, had multiple pregnancies, and attended at least four antenatal care visits while the odds of CS were significantly lower among multiparous women and those who had female babies. Conclusion: Over the past two decades, the rate of CS use in Rwanda increased significantly at health facility and population level with high regional and socio-economic disparities. There is a need to examine the disparities in CS trends and developing tailored policy guidelines to ensure proper use of CS in Rwanda.
Optimal Duration of Antibiotics Therapy After Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery in Thoracic Empyema and Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion
Authors: Yukumi Shungo , Ishimaru Kei , Suzuki Hideaki , Morimoto Masamitsu , Senba Mayuko , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Sano Yoshifumi , Abe Masahiro , Mori Yu , Sakao Nobuhiko
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThere is no evidential report about the optimal duration of antibiotic use following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery debridement (VATS-D) in thoracic empyema (TE) or complicated parapneumonic effusion (PPE). The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy after VATS-D for TE /PPE.MethodsBetween January 2011 and December 2019, total thirty-three patients (28 men, 5 women; median age 63 years) corresponding to ACCP category 3 or 4 receiving VATS-D were included in the study. Time until the body temperature (BT) was to be less than 37.5 ºC and 37.0 ºC, WBC count to be less than 10,000/μl and segmented neutrophil (seg) count to be less than 80% were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe median time from the onset of TE/PPE to the operation was 13 days. Pre and postoperative antibiotic had median values of 5 and 7 days, respectively. There were no hospital deaths within 30 days of the operation. Major complications occurred in 4 cases (3 respiratory failures and one celebral infarction). Median postoperative hospital stay was 14 days. Success rate in TE/PPE treatment was 88%. The median number of days until the conditions met were BT>37.5 ºC for 3 days, BT>37.0 ºC for 6 days, WBC<10,000 for 4 days and seg<80% for 7 days.Conclusion﻿The optimal antibiotic duration of antibiotic use after VATS-D for TE/PPE is approximately 5 days. Urgent VATS-D will shorten the total antibiotic duration.
Spatial And Spatio-Temporal Epidemiological Approaches To Inform Covid-19 Surveillance And Control: A Review Protocol
Authors: Odhiambo Julius Nyerere , Dolan Carrie Brewer
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen/infections that cause coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19 ) have afflicted millions worldwide. Understanding the underlying spatial and temporal dynamics can help orient timely public health policies and optimize the targeting of non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccines to the most vulnerable populations, particularly in resource-constrained settings such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The review systematically summarises important methodological aspects and specificities of spatial approaches applied to Covid-19 in SSA. Methods: Thematically selected keywords will systematically search for refereed studies in the following electronic databases PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, CINHAL, and Coronavirus Research Database for peer-reviewed articles from January 2020 to October 2021. Two independent reviewers will screen the title, abstracts, and full texts against predefined eligibility criteria based on methodological relevance and quality. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 procedures will be adhered to during the reporting process.Discussion: A wealth of studies employing spatial and spatio-temporal methodology have appeared in literature in diverse contexts; however, Covid-19 modeling remains in its infancy, and research is needed to characterize uncertainty and validate various modeling regimes appropriately. It is anticipated that the review will aid spatial, spatio-temporal modeling decisions necessary for mitigating the current and future pandemics. Systematic review registration: CRD42021279767
Soxhlet Extraction of Cannabinoids (CBD and THC) From Four Different Strains of Cannabis Grown in Four Different Regions
Authors: KARĞILI Umut , Aytaç Ezgi
Published: October 2021

The objective of this work was to investigate the cannabinoid content of extracts which was conducted by soxhlet extraction. In the extraction system hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol were used sequentially to extract cannabis plant. When all species were evaluated in terms of CBD, all results in Meram region were the highest. As it can be understood, if an efficient extract in terms of CBD is desired, sowing can be done in Meram. Narlı strain provided the highest (65.88%) yield in terms of CBD in accordance with its cultivation purpose. When evaluated THC active ingredient, it was seen that each strain gave high yields in different regions. Elnur strain yielded the highest yields in Altınekin (66.21%), Papatya in Beyşehir (52.05%), Narlı (14.49%) and Gökçeağaç in Çumra (56.13%). It is the first study to show the different climatic conditions effect on the yield of CBD and THC in different strains.
Delivery of dCas9 CRISPR System Into the Hard Transfection Cells by Magnetofection Approach
Authors: Ghanbarlou Mahdi Mohammadi , Abdoli Shahriyar , Bamehr Hadi , Qazizadeh Leila , Omid Hamed , Iranpour Hamidreza , Shahsavarani Hosein , Karimipour Morteza , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2021

Background: The CRISPR-Cas9 system, a powerful tool, has revolutionized genome engineering in eukaryotic cells and living organisms. However, this approach poses unique concerns and limitations when used by conventional transfection methods, including limited packaging size and low delivery efficiency. Here, we aim at assessing the transfection efficiency of DNA encoding for the CRISPR-Cas9 system by PEI coated Magnetic NanoParticle (MNPs) to improve the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 constructs into eukaryotic cells. Results: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and then complexed with pCXLE-dCas9VPH-T2A-GFP-shP53 plasmid DNA. We used HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) and Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) cells to express GFP after transfection to evaluate delivery efficiency with MNPs and Lipofection methods. PEI-coated nanoparticles with magnetic iron oxide core were synthesized by co-precipitation technique resulting in an average size of ~ 20 nm in diameter. Characterization of Magnetic Nano Particle (MNPs) revealed that particles have narrow size distribution sufficient colloidal stability. The result showed that the magnetofection method with an efficiency around 85.7% for HEK-293 and 28.2% for HFF. Also, transfection efficiency by lipofection method was 83.2% and 7.89% for HEK-293 and HFF respectively. Conclusion: The magnetofection was revealed to be more efficient than classic Lipofectamine transfection as measured by GFP expression. We show that PEI-MNPs enable effective delivery and improved safety of plasmids encoding CRISPR/Cas9 into eukaryote cells.
Band 1:1910
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Dieser Band beinhaltet die Briefe, die Eugen Huber 1910 an seine im April verstorbene Frau geschrieben hat.
November
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Briefe 173-198
Dezember
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Briefe 199-219
Band 2:1911
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Dieser Band beinhaltet die Briefe, die Eugen Huber 1911 an seine im April 1910 verstorbene Frau geschrieben hat.
Oktober
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Briefe 236-258
Mai
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Briefe 98-127
Februar
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Briefe 27-52
März
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Briefe 53-76
Mai
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Briefe 101-122
REGULARITIES OF CYBERATRACKS IN EU COUNTRIES USING ASSOCIATION RULES
Authors: Kuzmenko O. , Dotsenko T. , Bozhenko V. , Svitlychna A.
Published: October 2021

The transition to public information, the proliferation of e-commerce and the inadequate level of digital literacy have led to an increase in cyber fraud, which requires the improvement of existing and the development of new methods and ways to protect information infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to determine the patterns of cyberattacks in the European Union by using association rules. Authors have used such methods as: logical generalization – make database of cyberattacks, which includes the year, countries-victims, countries-sponsors, type and category of fraud; Data Mining - Association Rules modeling; visualization and graphic design - when make a network of associative rules of causal relationships between the studied phenomena of cyberattacks. This innovative technology to analyze data allows to identify relationships and patterns between related events or elements. The study found that in 77.14% of cases, espionage is carried out by criminals from Russia, in 88.24% - from Germany, in 93.75% - from China. 84.62% of espionage is observed in the private sector, 82.05% - in the public sector. The share of observations for which espionage is carried out from Russia is 43.55%. The share of observations for which espionage is carried out from both Germany and China is 24.19% of the sample. The largest share of observations (51.61%) corresponds to cyberattacks in the form of espionage in the public sector, and 35.48% of observations correspond to the private sector. In 76% of cases, espionage is carried out by criminals from Russia. The developed technique will allow quickly and automatically process a significant amount of input information, identify the most complete, most informative set of patterns, determine the risk of cyber fraud on the basis of European countries, to make effective decisions to manage such risk, minimize it, with the least resources. anticipation of cyber threats, counteraction to cyber attacks in the EU countries. The obtained results will be of practical value for public authorities and international organizations for the current analysis and adoption of a set of preventive measures to combat cyberthreats.
EDUCATION MODELS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF MANAGEMENT OF INTELECTUAL CAPITAL: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Pudryk D. , Kwilinski O. , Vasylyna T.
Published: October 2021

Education internationalisation promotes intellectual capital migration whose goal is to gain equal access to quality education. The competition for highly qualified labour resources is intensifying from year to year. The high developed countries developed the mechanism for increasing the efficiency of the education system and the rapid integration of migrants into the country's multicultural environment, eliminating social, economic, and cultural barriers. The paper aims to analyse the modern education systems in the context of attracting intellectual capital to the country. To identify scientific patterns in research on the outlined issues, the authors conducted a biometric analysis of 804 scientific publications published in Journals indexed by the Scopus. VOSviewer and Scopus Tools Analysis tools are used for bibliometric analysis. The authors determine that the growth of publishing activity on the subject has occurred since 2000. The article identifies the TOP-10 countries and researchers by the number of publications devoted to the study of education and intellectual capital outflows for 1990-2020. The ratio of private and public universities among the studied countries showed that the share of public universities is higher in most countries. One of the criteria for selecting a destination country for educational migration is the education quality in the country. The authors analysed the rankings of countries on higher education quality according to the QS Higher Education System Strength Rankings and the Human Development Index in 2020. In order to compare countries in terms of intellectual capital outflows, the authors analysed the positions of countries in the Human Flight and Brain Drain Index. It is found that the leading countries in the education quality have smaller amounts of intellectual capital outflow. The points of attraction of the Human Flight and Brain Drain Index change in Ukraine were in 2014–2015, after which the value of this index began to decrease gradually. In 2018, the value of this index began to grow, which indicates an increase in brain drain from Ukraine. Given these trends, the Ukrainian government needs to study the experience of leading countries in reforming the education system to improve its quality and reduce the outflow of intellectual capital.