bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fresh leaves of ora-pro-nóbis in cakes prepared from commercial pre-mixture
Authors: Rosa Lidiane , Queiroz Carla Regina Amorim dos Anjos , Melo Claudia Maria Tomás
Published: February 2020

Establishing good infant eating habits in childhood is quite important for proper growth and development. The increasing number of mothers who work outside home has made children have their meals in day care centers or schools. In addition, meals have their preparation being replaced by more suitable options, like instant food, lately depriving kids from good eating and nutritional habits. Such kind of food does not contribute to the formation of good eating habits. Thus, vegetables such as the ora-pro-nóbis (unconventional vegetable, known in English language countries as Barbados Goosenberry and cientific name Pereskia aculeata Miller) that have in their leaves proteins, fibers and minerals, like iron, can contribute to improve the childlike feeding. In order to improve the nutritional value of commercial chocolate cake premixes, in natura ora-pro-nóbis leaves were added in at ratios of 0 (standard), 10, 20, 30 and 40% leaf weight per dough weight, which were covered with chocolate kind icing. Moisture, ashes, lipids, proteins, crude fiber and carbohydrate and total caloric content (VCT) were analyzed in the elaborated formulations. The results showed a significant increase in water retention, crude fiber content and decrease in total caloric value (VCT) in the added cakes of ora-pro-nóbis leaves.
Chromatographic determination of shikimate for identification of conventional soybean and glyphosate resistant soybean
Authors: Bonini Edicléia Aparecida , Marchiosi Rogério , Zonetti Patricia da Costa , Zobiole Luiz Henrique Saes , Ferrarese-Filho Osvaldo
Published: February 2020

A sensitive and reliable process was established using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to distinguish conventional varieties of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified crops via shikimate detection in soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) seeds. Glyphosate has a well-defined mechanism of action. It is the only herbicide that specifically inhibits 5-enolpiruvilshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS E.C. 2.5.1.19), which catalyzes the condensation of shikimate with phosphoenolpyruvate. This study is based on the concept that shikimate significantly accumulates in soybean plant tissues after EPSPS inhibition by glyphosate. In plants not subjected to glyphosate, shikimate is not easily detected because it quickly metabolizes into shikimate 3-phosphate and subsequently into 5-enolpiruvilshikimate 3-phosphate through the action of EPSPS. Conversely, in non-genetically modified plants subjected to glyphosate, shikimate metabolism is impaired, resulting in its accumulation. This metabolite can be detected in extremely low quantities (in the microgram range), through HPLC. In this study, six different contrasts were analyzed, each being formed by a transgenic cultivation and its parental strain, subject or not subject to the treatment of soaking with a 0.6% glyphosate solution. Chromatographic analyses indicated shikimate accumulation only in conventional cultivars with seeds previously soaked in a 0.6% glyphosate solution. Thus, this shikimate detection method can be used as a rapid and accurate means to distinguish soybeans with glyphosate-resistant qualities.
Consumption of minas frescal cheese may be a source of human infection by Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Monteiro Guilherme Paz , Melo Roberta Torres de , Mendonça Eliane Pereira , Nalevaiko Priscila Christen , Carreon Mariela Moura , Buiatte Ana Beatriz Garcez , Santos Fernanda Aparecida Longato , Pacheco Carla Ribeiro , Maia Yara Cristina Paiva , Rossi Daise Aparecida
Published: February 2020

Campylobacter spp. is an emerging pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and the consumption of dairy food can characterize sources of infection. We aimed to verify the viability and a presence of transcripts associated with characteristics of virulence and adaptation of C. jejuni isolated from Minas Frescal cheeses, produced with contaminated milk and stored under refrigeration for up to ten days. The samples were analyzed for bioindicators, Campylobacter spp., pH, acidity, moisture and sodium chloride. Campylobacter spp. recovered were evaluated for the production of transcripts of: ciaB, dnaJ, p19 and sodB. The results were correlated with the viability of C. jejuni and changes in their transcriptome. Storage at low temperatures reduced C. jejuni from the first to the fourth day. The variations in humidity, pH and acidity influenced the decreasing of C. jejuni. There was a reduction in transcripts' production of the four genes, more pronounced on the fourth day, indicating the inability of the microorganism to perform its metabolic activities, due to the conditions of injury. Despite the presence of mechanisms of virulence and adaptation, C. jejuni could not remain viable four days after production. However, consumption of fresh cheese contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni can be a source of infection when consumed up to four days after production.
Expression of synthetic Phytochelatin EC20 in E. Coli increases its biosorption capacity and cadmium resistance
Authors: Souza Cleide Barbieri de , Vicente Elisabete José
Published: February 2020

In this study E. coli recombinant clones that express the EC20 synthetic phytochelatin intracellularly were constructed. The increasement of Cd2+ biosorption capacity, and, also, the increasement of resistance to this toxic metal were analyzed. A gene that encodes the synthetic phytochelatin EC20 was synthesized in vitro. The EC20 synthetic gene was amplified by PCR, inserted into the DNA cloning vectors pBluescript®KS+ and pGEM®-TEasy, and also into the expression vectors pTE [pET-28(a)® derivative] and pGEX-T4-2®. The obtained recombinant plasmids were employed for genetic transformation of E. coli: pBsKS-EC20 and pGEM-EC20, they were introduced into DH10B and DH5α strains, similarly to pTE-EC20 and pGEX-EC20 that were introduced into BL21 strain. The EC20 expression was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The recombinant clones’ resistances to Cd2+ were determined by MIC analyses. The MIC for Cd2+ of DH10B/pBKS-EC20 and DH10B/pGEM-EC20 were 2.5 mM (EC20 induced), and 0.312 mM (EC20 repressed); respectively, 16 and 2 times higher than the control DH10B/pBsKS (0.156 mM). The MIC for Cd2+ of BL21/pTE-EC20 was 10.0 mM (EC20 induced) and 2.5 mM (EC20 repressed), compared with the control BL21/pTE which was only 1.25 mM. Analysis of ICP-AES showed that BL21/pGEX-EC20, after growth on the condition of EC20 expression, absorbed 37.5% of Cd2+, and even when cultured into the non-induction condition of EC20 expression, it absorbed 11.5%. These results allow the conclusion that recombinant E. coli clones expressing the synthetic phytochelatin EC20 show increased capacity for Cd2+ biosorption and enhanced resistance to this toxic ion.
Medicinal plants of the brazilian cerrado: knowing to preserve
Authors: Santos Lucinéia dos , Viel Amanda Martins , Tarosso Leandro Fagundes , Momesso Luciano da Silva , Palmieri Dario Abel , Spera Kamille Daleck
Published: February 2020

The Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil and presents an immeasurable and still underexplored ecological diversity. Despite the exuberance of its endemic species, it is one of the 25 global hotspots, due to a high natural biodiversity wealth along with an expressive environment destruction. In this study, we surveyed the knowledge on medicinal use of Cerrado plants held by individuals living in a predominantly Cerrado region. A semi-structured individual questionnaire for qualitative socio-economic characterization and medicinal use of plants was applied to Public Health Service users of the city of Assis, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Assis Regional Hospital (Protocol 4812010). Out of 149 respondents, 90.6% reported knowledge and/or use of plants for therapeutic purposes. Among 115 mentioned plant species, only 11.4% belong to the Cerrado. We also evaluated how matching were the reported uses and the respective published data from scientific studies on the plants’ medicinal properties. It was verified that for the few Cerrado plants cited, the respondents described several medicinal applications not scientifically described. More precisely, 60.5% of all medicinal applications were not found in the scientific literature. Besides that, many of the therapeutic effects described in the literature for the Cerrado species were not cited by the interviewed population. Our results indicate a relative unawareness of people on the medicinal potential of the native species of their residence region. We suggest that strengthening connection between popular and scientific knowledge, along with spreading such knowledge, could contribute for an improved valuation about the Cerrado biome and consecutive preservation of it.
Management of nitrogen fertilization on agronomic and nutritional characteristics in second crop corn
Authors: Bueno Daiane de Souza , Lima Sebastião Ferreira de , Blanco Matildes , Coradi Paulo Carteri
Published: February 2020

Fertilization management, mainly nitrogen, is one of the factors that most directly affect corn grain yield. Nitrogen dynamics in the soil is quite complex and its main source currently used in corn production, the urea, undergo intense losses in its conventional form, mainly by volatilization and leaching. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of forms, sources, and times of nitrogen application on the second crop corn. The experiment was conducted in 2016 in the Fundação Chapadão, Chapadão do Sul, MS, Brazil. The sources conventional urea, polymer-coated urea, and foliar N (8 treatments) were used as follows: control (without N addition), conventional urea (single in V3 and split in V3 and V6), polymer-coated urea (single in V3 and split in V3 and V6), conventional urea + foliar N (conventional urea in V6 and foliar in pre-flowering), polymer-coated urea + foliar N (polymer-coated urea in V6 and foliar in pre-flowering), and foliar N (split in V6 and pre-flowering). The variables stem diameter, ear index, ear length, number of grains per row, number of rows per ear, plant height, first ear height, leaf chlorophyll index, leaf N index, leaf values of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu, 100-grain weight, and grain yield were assessed. Nitrogen application in the form of conventional urea, polymer-coated urea, and foliar N (single or split) for second crop corn does not result in distinct benefits for the crop. Thus, attention should be paid to the commercialization of the product, which has prices established according to nitrogen forms, but without result, for example, in grain yield, which in fact will compose the producer income. The applied nitrogen form and mode of application were positive only to increase the contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn in the leaves of second crop corn. Ca was favored by the use of conventional urea and split conventional urea, Mg and Mn were only benefited by foliar N application, and Zn was benefited by the use of conventional urea, split conventional urea, conventional urea + foliar N, and polymer-coated urea+foliar N.
Diversity of Pectobacterium strains by biochemical, physiological, and molecular characterization
Authors: Silva Adelaide Siqueira , Luz José Magno Queiroz , Tebaldi Nilvanira Donizete , Morais Tâmara Prado de
Published: February 2020

Pectobacterium is a complex taxon of strains with diverse characteristics. It comprises several genera, including Erwinia, Brenneria, Pectobacterium, Dickeya, and Pantoea. Pectobacterium and Dickeya cause diseases in a wide range of plants, including potatoes, where they are causative agents of soft rot in tubers and blackleg in field-grown plants. Characterizing Pectobacterium species allows for the analysis of the diversity of pectinolytic bacteria, which may support control strategies for plant bacterial diseases. The aim of this study was to perform biochemical, physiological, and molecular characterizations of Pectobacterium spp. from different sites and host plants. The isolated strains were characterized by the glucose fermentation test, Gram staining, catalase activity, oxidase activity, growth at 37 ºC, reducing substances from sucrose, phosphatase activity, indole production, acid production from different sources (sorbitol, melibiose, citrate, and lactose), pathogenicity in potato, and hypersensitivity reactions. Molecular characterization was performed with species-specific primers ECA1f/ECA2r and EXPCCF/EXPCCR, which identify P. atrosepticum and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), respectively, and with primers 1491f/L1RA/L1RG and Br1f/L1RA/L1RG that differentiate Pcc from Dickeya chrysanthemi and from P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis. The strains were identified as belonging to the genus Pectobacterium, though they did not fit the biochemical nor the molecular classification standards for subspecies differentiation, indicating significant diversity among the strains.
Meanings and practices of oral health: a qualitative study with mothers of disabled children
Authors: Marques Késia Lara dos Santos , Oliveira Fabiana Sodré de , Oliveira Larisse Paula de , Joaquim Natália Martins , Mendonca Guilherme Silva , Prado Alessandra Maia de Castro
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to understand the meanings and oral health practices of ten mothers of disabled children between the ages of zero and three years. The qualitative method was used. The data was collected by means of a semi-structured interview and were recorded, transcribed and analysed using the Thematic Content Analysis. Regarding to the oral health care of the mothers, three reported difficult and traumatising experiences and three did not have much contact with dentists during their childhood. Regarding to the children, the age of their first visit to the dentist varied from three months to two years and six months, and the reason for this appointment for seven children was referral by their doctor or by the Association of Parents and Friends of the Exceptional. Seven mothers reported that they brushed the teeth of their children at least twice a day and only two cited the importance of regular dental appointments. For two mothers, the meaning of oral health was to have a perfect smile and for four others, maintain oral hygiene. Half of the mothers related oral health to general health. All reported that dental caries is related to diet and lack of care regarding to oral hygiene. It was possible to conclude that for this group of mothers, oral health has an important meaning and that oral health practices are based on a healthy diet and brushing. Although mothers of disabled children have presented positive attitudes, in general, the results indicated limited knowledge about oral health. The results showed the importance of considering the point of view of the mothers as data of analysis bringing greater proximity with the reality studied. More qualitative studies should be conducted in order to collaborate with the improvement of the oral condition of disabled children.
Las manos: el lenguaje estético-teológico de la solidaridad. Intuiciones para una teología simbólica
Authors: Vélez Caro Olga Consuelo , Becerra Melo Silvia Susana , Sierra González Ángela María
Published: February 2020

Tres investigaciones en pastoral urbana con población en situación de desplazamiento forzado en Ciudad Bolívar, localidad de Bogotá, nos ha dado la pauta para adquirir nuevas comprensiones sobre el quehacer teológico. En este artículo se entrelaza la teología con el mundo simbólico que representa la corporeidad de mujeres cuyos cuerpos se convierten en relatos vivos que, con la ayuda de la estética, se transforman en textos de lectura para abrir caminos de re-significación teológica y de salvación integral.
El modelo Hall-Tonna como herramienta de desarrollo de las cuatro «C’s» en los colegios de la Compañía de Jesús
Authors: Ortí Martínez José Antonio
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo muestra la vinculación existente entre el modelo de análisis de valores Hall-Tonna y el paradigma pedagógico ignaciano. Se describe cómo el modelo puede suponer una herramienta de aprendizaje clave para el desarrollo de las cuatro cualidades objetivo de la educación jesuita: formar personas conscientes, competentes, compasivas y comprometidas, ayudando a la transformación de los colegios de la Compañía de Jesús en organizaciones que aprenden.
BİST ULAŞTIRMA ENDEKSİ İLE DOLAR ENDEKSİ VE PETROL FİYATLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN AMPİRİK OLARAK ANALİZİ
Authors: KİRACI Kasım
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı BİST Ulaştırma endeksi ile dolar endeksi ve petrol fiyatları arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin ampirik olarak incelenmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında 03 Ocak 2000 - 24 Temmuz 2018 dönemi arasındaki günlük veriler analize dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmada söz konusu değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin ortaya çıkarılması amacıyla iki farklı nedensellik testi kullanılır. Bunlar; Granger nedensellik analizi ve Hatemi-J (2012) asimetrik nedensellik analizidir. Çalışmanın ampirik bulguları, söz konusu değişkenler arasında hem Granger nedensellik hem de asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığına işaret etmektedir.
SİGORTA ŞİRKETLERİNİN MALİ DURUMUNUN ÇOK DEĞİŞKENLİ DİSKRİMİNANT ANALİZ YÖNTEMİYLE İYİ YA DA KÖTÜ OLARAK SINIFLANDIRILMASI
Authors: UMUT Muharrem
Published: February 2020

Sigorta şirketleri, finansal piyasalarda çok önemli bir işleve sahiptir. Nitekim sigorta ihtiyacı olan gerçek ve tüzel kişilere ulusal ve uluslararası alanda yüksek tutarda teminatlar sunulmakta ve hem ülkelerin hem de diğer finansal kuruluşların yükü hafiflemektedir. Bu yönüyle sigortacılık sektörü sürekli gelişen dinamik bir yapıya sahiptir. Buna bağlı olarak ülkeler, sigortacılık düzenlemelerine önem vermekte ve sektörde oluşan sorunlara karşı çözüm bulmaktadır, bazen de hak sahiplerini korumak ve sektöre oluşan güven kaybını önlemek adına müdahale etmektedir. Nitekim sigortacılık sektörünün temelini oluşturan güven unsurunun kaybolmaması bakımından, sigortalılara karşı sözlerini yerine getirebilmek için sigorta şirketlerinin sağlam bir finansal yapıya sahip olmaları gereklidir.

Ülkemizde sigorta şirketlerinin finansal durumlarının tespit edilmesinde kullanılan yöntemlerden biri de finansal oranlardır. Bu oranların yardımıyla şirketler iyi ya da kötü olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada, hayat dışı alanında faaliyet gösteren sigorta şirketlerinin 2014 yılı sonu verilerine göre belirli finansal oranlar kullanılarak çok değişkenli bir analiz yöntemi olan ‘diskriminant analizi’ uygulanmıştır. Bu analizin kullanılmasındaki amaç, yetkili kamu otoritesince el konulan şirketlerin belirlenmesinde, diğer bir deyişle iyi ve kötü şirketlerin sınıflandırılmasında karar vericilere yardımcı olmaktır. Böylece yetkili otoriteye, finansal durumu kötü olan şirketlerin belirlenmesine yönelik bir erken uyarı yöntemi sunulmuş olunacaktır.
TÜRKİYE’DE KAMU BORCU VE BÜTÇE AÇIĞININ SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİĞİ: SINIR TESTİ YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: AKDUĞAN Umut , DOĞAN Seyhun
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışmada, 2007-2018 dönemi için Türkiye’de maliye politikalarının sürdürülebilirliği kamu borç stoku ve faiz dışı bütçe dengesi değişkenleri kapsamında analiz edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, söz konusu değişkenler arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisi sınır testi yaklaşımıyla araştırılarak dönemlerarası bütçe kısıtının geçerliliği sınanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, çalışmanın hipotezini desteklemekte ve incelenen dönemde mali sürdürülebilirlik koşulunun sağlandığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, uzun dönem tahmin sonuçları; faiz dışı bütçe fazlalarının kamu borcunu zamanla azaltacağını, yani mevcut politikalarla kamu borcunun ve bütçe açıklarının sürdürülebilir olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
TFRS 9 UYGULAMASININ SEÇİLMİŞ BANKALAR BAZINDA KREDİ SINIFLANDIRMASI VE KARŞILIKLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: US Vuslat
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışmada 2018 yılından itibaren uygulamaya konulan Türkiye Finansal Raporlama Standardı (TFRS 9) kredi sınıflandırması ve karşılıkları üzerindeki etkisi Türk bankacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren seçilmiş mevduat bankaları özelinde incelenmektedir. Yapılan analiz, TFRS 9 uygulaması sonrasında yakın izlemedeki krediler ve diğer alacakların arttığını, ancak bu artışın kamu bankalarında daha düşük oranda olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, aynı dönemde donuk alacakların toplam kredilere olan oranının da arttığı, öte yandan kamu bankalarında bu artışın daha sınırlı kaldığı dikkat çekmektedir. TFRS 9 uygulamasıyla değişmesi beklenen karşılık oranları incelendiğinde de bankaların ayrıştığı ve kamu bankalarının sorunlu kredilerde olumlu bir görünüm sergilemelerine rağmen ihtiyatlı davranarak daha yüksek karşılık ayırdıkları görülmektedir. TFRS 9 uygulamasının bankalar üzerinde farklı etkilere sahip olmasının sebeplerinin mikro düzeyde veri ve anektodal kanıt yardımıyla daha kolay tespit edilebileceği düşünülmekle birlikte mevcut veriler doğrultusunda yapılan analiz banka mülkiyetinin önemine işaret etmektedir. Nitekim Türk bankacılık sektörüne ilişkin yapılmış önceki çalışmalar da gerek sorunlu kredilerin dinamiklerinde gerekse kârlılık ve diğer önemli değişkenlerde banka mülkiyetinin önemini göstermektedir. Öte yandan, banka mülkiyeti etkeninin bankalar arasında gözlenen ayrışmayı açıklamada yeterli olmadığı, varlık büyüklüğü gibi bankaya özgü başka değişkenlerin de dikkate alınması gerektiği önemle vurgulanmalıdır.
FED’İN UYGULADIĞI GELENEKSEL OLMAYAN PARA POLİTİKASI UYGULAMALARININ TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNDE VARLIK PİYASALARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: SEREL Alpaslan , BAYIR Musa
Published: February 2020

FED, 2008 finansal krizi sürecinde, ABD finans piyasalarında yaşanan likidite krizini aşmak için para politikası uygulamalarında önemli bir değişime gitmiştir. Geleneksel olmayan para politikası olarak bilinen bu uygulamalar Amerikan finans piyasalarında daha önce görülmemiş büyüklükte bir likidite genişlemesine neden olmuştur. Uygulanan yeni politika araçlarının ABD ekonomisi ile birlikte diğer ülke ekonomileri üzerinde de önemli etkileri olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmanın amacı FED geleneksel olmayan para politikasının Türkiye varlık piyasalarına etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu çerçevede, uzun vadeli tahvil ve hisse senedi piyasası üzerindeki etki ampirik olarak araştırılmaktadır. Ekonometrik analizde sınır testi ve ARDL yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Analiz dönemi 2007:12-2014:10 dönemleri kapsamakta ve analizler aylık veriler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. Ampirik sonuçlar, FED geleneksel olmayan para politikasının Türkiye ekonomisinde uzun vadeli tahvil faizlerini düşürücü, hisse senedi fiyatlarını artırıcı bir etkide bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, faiz oranları üzerinde ortaya çıkan etkinin hisse senedi fiyatlarına göre daha belirgin olduğu görülmektedir.
EN YÜKSEK PİYASA DEĞERİNE SAHİP ÜÇ KRİPTO PARANIN VOLATİLİTELERİNİN TAHMİN EDİLMESİ
Authors: KAYRAL İhsan Erdem
Published: February 2020

Finansal zaman serilerinde görülen değişen varyans sorununun (ARCH etkisi) sonucu olarak otoregresif koşullu değişen varyans modelleri bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızda, piyasa değeri en yüksek üç kripto paranın [Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) ve Ripple (XRP)] getirileri incelenmiş ve söz konusu getirilerde finansal zaman serilerine benzer şekilde ARCH etkisi bulunmuştur. Söz konusu üç kripto paranın volatiliteleri için en iyi modelin hesaplanmasında altı GARCH modelini karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu modeller sırasıyla GARCH (1,1), EGARCH (1,1), TGARCH (1,1), APARCH (1,1), CGARCH (1,1) ve ACGARCH (1,1) modellerinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında 01.10.2015 - 01.10.2018 tarihleri arasında Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) ve Ripple (XRP) kripto paralarının günlük kapanış verilerinden elde edilen getiriler kullanılmıştır. Volatilite tahminlerinde Bitcoin (BTC) ve Ethereum (ETH) için en iyi model EGARCH (1,1), Ripple (XRP) için ise APARCH (1,1) modeli bulunmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında bu modeller kullanılarak volatiliteler üzerinde negatif şokların pozitif şoklardan daha fazla etkisinin bulunduğunu gösteren kaldıraç etkisi incelenmiştir. Bitcoin (BTC) ve Ethereum (ETH) modellerinde kaldıraç etkisi bulunmamış, bununla birlikte pozitif şoklar negatif şoklara göre daha fazla volatiliteye neden olmuştur. Ancak, Ripple (XRP) volatilite modelinde kaldıraç etkisi belirlenmiştir.
Acúmulo de solutos orgânicos em mudas de Ceiba glaziovii (Kutze) Kum. em resposta à seca intermitente
Authors: Santos Junior José Laurindo dos , Oliveira Maria Fernanda da Costa , Silva Elizamar Ciríaco da
Published: February 2020

Ceiba glaziovii (Kuntze) K. é uma espécie ocorrente na Caatinga de importância econômica e ecológica. Contudo, o conhecimento da sua fisiologia em resposta à períodos de seca, na fase inicial do desenvolvimento, não são bem conhecidas. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o teor relativo de água das folhas e o acúmulo de solutos orgânicos osmoticamente ativos em mudas de Ceiba glaziovii submetidas à seca intermitente. Para tal, mudas de um mês de idade de C. glaziovii foram submetidas à seca intermitente por ciclos de suspensão da irrigação [rega diária (C), irrigação a cada sete dias (E7), suspensão de rega até sinais de murcha como estresse severo (ES) e reirrigadas (RE), verificando a recuperação após 72 horas]. Avaliou-se a altura das plantas, o diâmetro do caule, teor relativo de água nas folhas, a concentração de prolina livre (PL), carboidratos (CS) e proteínas (PS) nas folhas e raízes. A seca intermitente exerceu pouco efeito sobre o TRA das mudas de C. glaziovii, porém afetou negativamente o crescimento delas. Não houve acúmulo de CS nas folhas, porém houve grande variação na concentração de PL e PS. Nas raízes das plantas E7 houve acúmulo significativo de CS, PL e PS, evidenciando o papel desses compostos no ajustamento osmótico no sistema radicular. A Ceiba glaziovii consegue manter valores adequados de água nos tecidos em situação de seca intermitente, durante o período inicial do desenvolvimento. A prolina se acumula nas folhas e raízes em resposta ao déficit hídrico moderado, sugerindo um papel importante para a sobrevivência da espécie.
Pure and Applied Chemistry Special Topic Series
Authors: Fauque Danielle , Bull James
Published: February 2020

In 1999, James Bull was invited to become editor for the scientific journal of IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) and specifically for Special Topics, a series originally conceived as a way of promoting IUPAC engagement with topics of social relevance. As editor of the series and later of PAC, James Bull worked to raise the level of awareness of the issues and in turn draw attention to the work of the Union. In the course of my own research on the history of IUPAC, I, Danielle Fauque, was intrigued by the series, which was published between 1996 and 2012 [1]. It became the subject of several lengthy electronic exchanges with James Bull. The interest of the exchanges was so evident that a publication in CI
seemed appropriate.
Unabhängigkeitsbewegung in Katalonien
Authors: Hünecke Silke
Published: February 2020

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der katalanischen Bewegung im 21. Jahrhundert und ihren Protestformen sowie mit Selbstverständnis und Anliegen der Bewegung. Zudem werden die Hintergründe erläutert, die zu ihren Erstarkungen in den letzten Jahren beigetragen haben. Jahrelang wurde der sich spätestens seit 2010 zuspitzende Katalonienkonflikt außerhalb Spaniens kaum wahrgenommen. Dieses änderte sich schlagartig mit der versuchten Durchführung des verbotenen Unabhängigkeitsreferendums am 1. Oktober 2017. Dabei ist dies ein jahrhundertealter Konflikt, der insbesondere ab dem 17. Jahrhundert in wiederkehrenden sozialen Protestwellen, die mit Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen verknüpft wurden, seinen Ausdruck fand. Im Folgenden richtet sich der Blick auf die sich seit 2010 neuformierte Unabhängigkeitsbewegung.
Influence of Series Compensation Degrees on Secondary Arc Current Characteristics under the Different Series Compensation Mode
Authors: XIE Yadi , HE Baina , WANG Lemiao , JIANG Renzhuo , MAO Yazhe , ZHOU Yuyang
Published: February 2020

The high compensation degree series compensation has a broad development prospects in long distance and large-capacity UHV transmission lines. But it is generating secondary arc current contains low frequency components with high amplitude when the single-phase grounding fault occurs in the series compensated transmission line, which is not conducive to rapid arc extinguishing. To solve this problem, this paper based on the mechanism of generating secondary arc by series compensation transmission lines, and using ATP – EMTP electromagnetic transient program to establish the simulation model of UHV series compensation device. And the suppression effects of small resistance short connection fault series compensation and linkage bypass series compensation measures on secondary arc current and recovery voltage under different series compensation layout mode are studied respectively. The results show that the attenuation speed of the secondary arc current is related to the series compensation arrangement modes and the time when the series compensation device is short connected or bypassed. Series compensation device short connected or bypassed before circuit breaker tripping which can accelerate the arc extinction speed, and the suppression effect is better when the series compensated double platform segmentation layout is distributed on both sides of the line. The results can be used as a reference for the engineering design of UHV with large capacity and long distance and high compensation series compensation transmission lines.
Intra-consortia data sharing platforms for interdisciplinary collaborative research projects
Authors: Schröder Max , LeBlanc Hayley , Spors Sascha , Krüger Frank
Published: February 2020

As the importance of data in today’s research increases, the effective management of research data is of central interest for reproducibility. Research is often conducted in large interdisciplinary consortia that collaboratively collect and analyse such data. This raises the need of intra-consortia data sharing. In this article, we propose the use of data management platforms to facilitate this exchange among research partners. Based on the experiences of a large research project, we customized the CKAN software to satisfy these needs for intra-consortia data sharing.
From Geography to Paradoxography: the use, transmission and survival of Megasthenes’ Indica
Authors: Jansari Sushma
Published: February 2020

Megasthenes was the first Greek ambassador known to have been sent to the court of a Mauryan ruler. He wrote an Indica based on his travels and experiences in India, which survives in fragmentary form in the work of later authors. This was the first work to provide a Greek audience with first-hand knowledge of the Indian interior and Mauryan court. Traditionally, Megasthenes’ Indica has been excavated for information to reconstruct knowledge of Mauryan India, Seleucid-Mauryan relations or other aspects of this period and the personalities involved, either by focusing on individual fragments or collating fragments thematically. In contrast, instead of treating Megasthenes’ work as a mine for information, I evaluate the remaining fragments chronologically, and according to the type and range of information derived from Megasthenes. The aim is to better understand the thematic differences and chronological changes in the way later authors consulted and used the Indica, and therefore, why certain parts of the Indica, and information about Megasthenes himself, have survived.
Institutionelle Bedingungen des sexuellen Missbrauchs von Minderjährigen
Authors: Hermann Dieter , Dölling Dieter , Collong Alexandra , Horten Barbara , Dreßing Harald , Salize Hans Joachim , Kruse Andreas , Schmitt Eric , Bannenberg Britta
Published: February 2020

Ein Teilprojekt der von der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz in Auftrag gegebenen Studie »Sexueller Missbrauch an Minderjährigen durch katholische Priester, Diakone und männliche Ordensangehörige im Bereich der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz« befasst sich mit der Analyse von Strafakten. Es wurden Strafverfahren wegen sexueller Missbrauchsdelikte gegen Minderjährige durch Kleriker der katholischen Kirche und durch Mitglieder anderer Institutionen, wie z. B. Schulen, ausgewertet. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob die besonderen Rahmenbedingungen in der katholischen Kirche, insbesondere das Kirchenrecht und der Klerikalismus, einen Einfluss auf Taten, Täter und institutionelle Reaktionen bei Delikten des sexuellen Missbrauchs von Minderjährigen haben. Die Analyse ergab, dass die Besonderheiten in der katholischen Kirche mit spezifischen Tat- und Tätermerkmalen korrespondierten und die Institutionen unterschiedlich auf Missbrauchsvorwürfe reagierten. Obwohl das Normensystem, das einen sexuellen Missbrauch verhindern soll, in der katholischen Kirche viel ausgeprägter ist als in anderen Institutionen, sind keine Unterschiede im Verhalten der Akteure ersichtlich.
Dispersion engineering and measurement of whispering gallery mode microresonator for Kerr frequency comb generation
Authors: Fujii Shun , Tanabe Takasumi
Published: February 2020

Designing and engineering microresonator dispersion are essential for generating microresonator frequency comb. Microresonator frequency combs (microcombs, Kerr frequency combs) offer the potential for various attractive applications as a new type of coherent light source that is power efficient and compact and has a high repetition rate and a broad bandwidth. They are easily driven with a continuous-wave pump laser with adequate frequency tuning; however, the resonators must have a high quality (Q) factor and suitable dispersion. The emergence of cavity enhanced four-wave mixing, which is based on third-order susceptibility in the host material, results in the generation of broadband and coherent optical frequency combs in the frequency domain equivalent to an optical pulse in the time domain. The platforms on which Kerr frequency combs can be observed have been developed, thanks to intensive efforts by many researchers over a few decades. Ultrahigh-Q whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators are one of the major platforms since they can be made of a wide range of material including silica glass, fluoride crystals and semiconductors. In this review, we focus on the dispersion engineering of WGM microresonators by designing the geometry of the resonators based on numerical simulation. In addition, we discuss experimental methods for measuring resonator dispersion. Finally, we describe experimental results for Kerr frequency combs where second- and higher-order dispersions influence their optical spectra.
MXene Ti3C2Tx saturable absorber for passively Q-switched mid-infrared laser operation of femtosecond-laser–inscribed Er:Y2O3 ceramic channel waveguide
Authors: Tian Qingyu , Yin Peng , Zhang Teng , Zhou Lunbin , Xu Bin , Luo Zhengqian , Liu Hongliang , Ge Yanqi , Zhang Jian , Liu Peng , Xu Xiaodong
Published: February 2020

We report on an Er:Y2O3 ceramic channel waveguide laser operating at continuous-wave and passively Q-switched regimes, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The Er:Y2O3 ceramic channel waveguide has been fabricated by a femtosecond laser direct-writing technique. The maximum output power reached 123.5 mW in continuous-wave mode with a slope efficiency of about 21%, and the lasing behavior has been found simultaneously at 2710.28, 2716.76, and 2723.18 nm. We have further fabricated an MXene Ti3C2Tx saturable absorber mirror to operate the Er:Y2O3 waveguide in passively Q-switched regime. At the same time, property of the MXene Ti3C2Tx saturable absorber has been characterized, and nonlinear saturable absorption of the saturable absorber has also been measured. The average output power is about 67.6 mW, and the shortest pulse width is about 58.1 ns. This work indicates that femtosecond laser direct writing is a reliable technique for processing mid-infrared ceramic waveguides, and MXene Ti3C2Tx is promising for operating pulsed mid-infrared lasers.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-(μ2-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2
N:N′)-bis(2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-6-carboxybenzoato-κ1
O)-nickel(II)], C26H14Br8NiN2O10
Authors: Li Yong-Shuang , Han Min-Le
Published: February 2020

C26H14Br8NiN2O10, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 24.1740(4) Å, b = 11.3727(2) Å, c = 11.7918(2) Å, V = 3241.84(10 Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0300, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0804, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (3E,3′E)-3,3′-((1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(sulfanediyl))bis(4-hydroxy-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one), C22H18N2O4S3
Authors: Zeng Jieqiong , Zuo Zhenyu , Huang Weiping , Huang Shaojun
Published: February 2020

C22H18N2O4S3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.632(2) Å, b = 10.000(3) Å, c = 22.760(6) Å, β = 93.196(18)°, V = 2188.9(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0354, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0933, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-κ6
O
6) sodium bromide hydrate, [Na(18-crown-6)]Br ⋅ H2O, C12H26BrNaO7
Authors: Klein Wilhelm
Published: February 2020

C12H26BrNaO7, monoclinic, Pc (no. 7), a = 7.9362(6) Å, b = 14.1331(7) Å, c = 7.7734(6) Å, β = 96.701(6)°, V = 865.93(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0257, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0598, T = 173(2) K.
Rhenium(V)-oxo complexes [ReOX2(N∩O)(EPh3)] (X=Cl, Br, I; E=P, As) – synthesis, structure, spectroscopy, and catalytic properties
Authors: Wolff Mariusz , Machura Barbara
Published: February 2020

The present review aims to give a comprehensive survey about the chemistry of rhenium(V)-oxo complexes of general formula [ReOX2(N∩O)(EPh3)], where X=Cl, Br, I, E=P, As, and N∩O stands for uninegative chelating N∩O-ligand, carried out within the last four decades. In addition to the synthesis aspects, the available structural data as well as the results issued from techniques such as infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies are collected and discussed. Furthermore, a brief description of the applications of these compounds in catalysis is included.
Effects of electronic cigarette liquid on monolayer and 3D tissue-engineered models of human gingival mucosa
Authors: Shaikh Zahab N , Alqahtani Abdullah , Almela Thafar , Franklin Kirsty , Tayebi Lobat , Moharamzadeh Keyvan
Published: February 2020

Background. There is limited data available on potential biological effects of E-cigarettes on human oral tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of E-cigarette liquid on the proliferation of normal and cancerous monolayer and 3D models of human oral mucosa and oral wound healing after short-term and medium-term exposure. Methods. Normal human oral fibroblasts (NOF), immortalized OKF6-TERET-2 human oral keratinocytes, and cancerous TR146 keratinocyte monolayer cultures and 3D tissue engineered oral mucosal models were exposed to different concentrations (0.1%, 1%, 5% and 10%) of E-cigarette liquid (12 mg/ml nicotine) for 1 hour daily for three days and for 7 days. Tissue viability was monitored using the PrestoBlue assay. Wounds were also produced in the middle surface of the monolayer systems vertically using a disposable cell scraper. The alterations in the cell morphology and wound healing were visualized using light microscopy and histological examination. Results. Statistical analysis showed medium-term exposure of TR146 keratinocytes to 5% and 10% E-liquid concentrations significantly increased the viability of the cancer cells compared to the negative control. Short-term exposure of NOFs to 10% E-liquid significantly reduced the cell viability, whereas medium-term exposure to all E-liquid concentrations significantly reduced the NOF cells’ viability. OKF6 cells exhibited significantly lower viability following short-term and mediumterm exposure to all E-cigarette concentrations compared to the negative control. 3D oral mucosal model containing normal oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes showed significant reduction in tissue viability after exposure to 10% E-liquid, whereas medium-term exposure resulted in significantly lower viability in 5% and 10% concentration groups compared to the negative control. There was a statistically significant difference in wound healing times of both NOF and OKF6 cells after exposure to 1%, 5% and 10% E-cigarette liquid. Conclusion. Medium-term exposure to high concentrations of the E-cigarette liquid had cytotoxic effects on normal human oral fibroblasts and OKF6 keratinocytes, but a stimulatory cumulative effect on the growth of cancerous TR146 keratinocyte cells as assessed by the PrestoBlue assay and histological evaluation of 3D oral mucosal models. In addition, E-liquid exposure prolonged the wound healing of NOF and OKF6 oral mucosa cells.
A case of intraneural ganglion cyst of the peroneal nerve: A rapid recovery after incision of cyst
Authors: Mirzatolooei Fardin , Tabrizi Ali , Kazemi-Shishavan Seyed Amir Mahlisha
Published: February 2020

Introduction
: Intraneural ganglion cysts (INGCs) are an infrequent cause of foot drop. INGCs are benign mucinous cysts within the epineurium of peripheral nerves, which are usually observed in the peroneal nerve at the knee typically leading to symptoms and signs of peripheral neuropathy. Case Report: A 40-year-old man with foot drop who had undergone a spinal study for discopathy was examined in this study. The patient had peroneal nerve compression at the neck of the fibula resulting from an extra neural cyst. Surgical exploration revealed an intraneural cyst. Epineurium was incised and the cyst was evacuated. In a two-week post-surgery follow up, his foot drop had improved partially and the remainder of his symptoms resolved. Conclusion: Awareness of the intraneural cysts of peroneal nerve as a cause for foot drop is important because early surgical intervention could reverse the course of disease.
The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly
Authors: Ersoz Huseyinsinoglu Burcu , Tufekcioglu Zeynep , Birinci Tansu , Demirdag Filiz
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose:

The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) was originally developed in English to determine the level of fear of falling and its interactions with activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the SAFE instrument into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties.

Participants:

One hundred eleven older adults (72 females) with a mean age of 69 years (SD = 7.22; range, 60-87) were included.

Methods:

For cross-cultural adaptation, 2 bilingual translators used the back-translation procedure. Within a 5- to 7-day period after the first assessment, the participants completed the Turkish version of the SAFE (SAFE-T) to evaluate test-retest reliability. Cronbach's α was used to assess internal consistency. The correlation with the Turkish version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-T) was determined to check the validity.

Results:

The SAFE-T had excellent internal consistency (α = 0.96) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC2,1] = 0.96 for activity level, ICC2,1 = 0.95 for fear of falling, and ICC2,1 = 0.86 for activity restriction subscales). The SAFE-T activity level and SAFE-T activity restriction subscales were moderately correlated with the FES-I (ρ = −0.51, P < .001; ρ = 0.55, P < .001, respectively). A strong positive correlation was found between the SAFE-T fear of falling subscale and the FES-I (ρ = 0.75, P < .001), indicating good concurrent validity.

Conclusions:

The results show that the SAFE-T is semantically and linguistically adequate to assess the fear of falling in adults older than 60 years. Excellent internal validity and test-retest reliability of the SAFE-T were defined to evaluate the fear of falling among Turkish speaking older adults.
Section of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) Cutoff Values for Walking Speed Level in Older Women With Hip Fracture
Authors: Miyata Kazuhiro , Hasegawa Satoshi , Iwamoto Hiroki , Shinohara Tomoyuki , Usuda Shigeru
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose:

Hip fracture is a common injury in older adults, with a high proportion of hip fractures affecting women. After a hip fracture, the recovery of the patient's walking speed is very important; one of the key determinants of walking speed is balance. The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), a clinical balance measure, categorizes balance into 6 postural control systems. However, the relationship between the walking speed level and the sections of the BESTest has not been explored for older women with hip fracture. Our objective was to establish section scores for the BESTest cutoff values for walking speed in older women with hip fracture.

Methods:

This was an observational study involving 46 older women 65 years or older with hip fracture. The BESTest was administered to all participants upon their discharge from the hospital. Participants were divided into groups on the basis of their walking speed levels, and receiver operating characteristic curves were determined for each section of the BESTest. We calculated the cutoff value, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of each.

Results:

Section IV-Stability in Gait showed the highest AUC (0.92) compared with the other sections, and the cutoff value determined for the fast and slow walker groups was 64.3% (sensitivity = 0.82, specificity = 0.83). The sections with moderate AUC (0.7-0.9) were I-Biomechanical Constraints (cutoff = 70.0%), III-Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (cutoff = 66.5%), IV-Postural Responses (cutoff = 69.4%), and V-Sensory Orientation (cutoff = 83.4%). The sections with the highest sensitivity (0.82) were I-Biomechanical Constraints and VI-Stability in Gait, and that with the highest specificity (0.88) was II-Stability Limits and Verticality.

Conclusions:

Five of the BESTest sections (I-Biomechanical Constraints, III-Anticipatory Postural Adjustments, IV-Postural Responses, V-Sensory Orientation, and IV-Stability in Gait) were able to differentiate between fast and slow walkers among older women with hip fracture. Balance during gait and anticipatory postural adjustments were shown to be important components of balance, and their cutoff values were indicators of the balance required to reach fast walking levels.
Assessing Diversity in theCamelinaGenus Provides Insights into the Genome Structure ofCamelina sativa
Authors: Chaudhary Raju , Koh Chu Shin , Kagale Sateesh , Tang Lily , Wu Siu Wah , Lv Zhenling , Mason Annaliese S , Sharpe Andrew G , Diederichsen Axel , Parkin Isobel A P
Published: February 2020

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz an oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family is gaining attention due to its potential as a source of high value oil for food, feed or fuel. The hexaploid domesticated C. sativa has limited genetic diversity, encouraging the exploration of related species for novel allelic variation for traits of interest. The current study utilized genotyping by sequencing to characterize 193 Camelina accessions belonging to seven different species collected primarily from the Ukrainian-Russian region and Eastern Europe. Population analyses among Camelina accessions with a 2n = 40 karyotype identified three subpopulations, two composed of domesticated C. sativa and one of C. microcarpa species. Winter type Camelina lines were identified as admixtures of C. sativa and C. microcarpa. Eighteen genotypes of related C. microcarpa unexpectedly shared only two subgenomes with C. sativa, suggesting a novel or cryptic sub-species of C. microcarpa with 19 haploid chromosomes. One C. microcarpa accession (2n = 26) was found to comprise the first two subgenomes of C. sativa suggesting a tetraploid structure. The defined chromosome series among C. microcarpa germplasm, including the newly designated C. neglecta diploid née C. microcarpa, suggested an evolutionary trajectory for the formation of the C. sativa hexaploid genome and re-defined the underlying subgenome structure of the reference genome.