bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocean Literacy Strategies Using Flag Animal as Environmental Awareness Model
Authors: Araujo Vinicius Albano
Published: February 2024

In recent decades, anthropogenic pressures associated with the unsustainable use of resources have threatened the health of the oceans and the dynamics of life. Considering the importance of marine resources for the economy and maintaining the diversity of life on earth, effective and immediate measures are necessary to raise society's awareness of changes and the adoption of sustainable lifestyle habits. To this end, the United Nations (UN) created the decade of the oceans, 2020-2030, compiling a series of actions worldwide that can minimize impacts on marine ecosystems. One of the ways to reach and raise awareness in society is the use of animated flags, which are charismatic and, therefore, attract attention and make it possible to disseminate environmental education. Therefore, in this experience report, we describe the use of sea turtles as a flag animal for environmental awareness and the different strategies that were adopted to reach target audiences. Ocean education is considered one of the main mechanisms that can, in the medium and long term, establish a new dynamic in the use and relationship between men and marine ecosystems. By expanding joint actions between society and public authorities, effective and long-term ocean education strategies can be established, with the formation of citizens with environmental awareness and criticism.
Identification of Diverse Multiple Drugs Resistant Bacterial Pathogens using Microscan Panel
Authors: Z Ottoro
Published: February 2024

Bacterial isolates from clinical sources have increased resistance to antimicrobial agents available and routinely used in developing countries like Ethiopia. One of the control measures of antimicrobial resistance is to know the susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria from clinical specimens and treat patients accordingly. Therefore the objective of the present study is to isolate bacterial pathogens from different clinical specimens and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Clinical samples (urine, blood, pus and discharges from different body sites were cultured and isolation of bacterial pathogens were done following standard bacteriological methods using media recommended by Cheesbrough. Identification of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using Micro Scan Identification Panel method. The Panels were read by Micro Scan Auto Scan 4 reader after incubating for 18 to 24 hours at 35o c aerobically. The retrospective data of microbiological culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test results were analysed. A total of 995 clinical specimens were cultured at Bethzatha Bacteriology Lab., Bethzatha Hospital, from May 2021 to February 2022. The most frequent specimens were, urine 87 (32%), blood 77(28%), pus and discharges from different body sites 65(24%). Out of these, 273(27%) yielded different bacterial pathogens. The most dominant gram negative bacterial isolates from urine samples 43/87(49%), 6/87(7%), 7/87(8%) were E. coli, Acinetobacter and Klebsiella spp, respectively in that order. Klebsiella pneumoniae 12/77 (16%) were most frequently isolated from blood culture followed by diverse coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) 26/77 (33.7%) and S. aureus 15/77(19.5%). The most frequent 20/65(31%) isolates from pus and discharges were S. aureus followed by 12/65(18.5%) CoNS. In the present study, most bacterial isolates from different clinical samples were multiply resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim sulphametoaxzole, levofloxacillin and ampicillin-sulbactam. On the other hand the most frequent Gram negative bacteria, E.coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were most susceptible to amikacin and ertapenem, and the gram positive isolates, S. aureus were most susceptible to levofloxacillin and gentamicin; whereas coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) were most susceptible to gentamicin, tecioplanin, rifampicin, vancomycin, daptomycin. Therefore clinicians should be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility test. In the absence of antimicrobial susceptibility test we suggest that the above mentioned drugs to be most appropriate for empirical treatment in the study hospitals and health settings in Addis Ababa. Furthermore critical measures need to be taken to curb the increasing spread of AMR bacteria.
The Hydrophilicity of Samama Wood Surface Quality after Boron, Methyl Methacrylate Impregnation, and Heat Treatment
Authors: Cahyono Tekat Dwi , Priadi Trisna , Novriyanti Eka , La Djumat Juni , Kaliky Fitriyanti
Published: February 2024

Indicators of surface roughness and surface-free energy can represent the improvement in wood surface quality. In this study, those two indicators were used to determine the change in the samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) wood surface following two modification steps, namely impregnation and heat treatment. The first step was boron impregnation in two forms applied separately, i.e., boric acid and borax. The second step was impregnation of methyl methacrylate followed by heat treatment at 90°C and 180°C. Surface roughness was determined following the ISO 4287:1997 standard, and surface free energy was analyzed using the Rabel Method. The results showed that the radial surface of samama wood naturally had a lower roughness than the tangential surface. Impregnation with boric acid, borax, and methyl methacrylate increased the wood surface roughness. However, heat treatment at 180°C tended to smooth the rough surface. Total surface free energy was altered after borax and methyl methacrylate impregnation. However, heat treatment seemingly withdrew the alteration. The polar components and dispersion contributed to total surface free energy with different compositions. In this study, the change in surface roughness was not congruent with the change in total surface free energy.
Keywords: boron, heat treatment, impregnation, samama, surface free energy
PAYMENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Soegoto Herman , Apsarini Felicia , Supandi Agus
Published: February 2024

The objective of this paper is to provide insight into the payment system transformation in Indonesia. The discussion method uses quantitative descriptive analysis related to the payment system and development, as well as digital payment statistics in Indonesia. To predict the number of digital payment users after 2022, we use quantitative management tools for Windows based on the time series data in the past years. According to the data and analysis, the number of digital payment users in Indonesia continuously experienced a linearly increasing trend each year. Currently, there has been a shift in people’s behaviour from using a paper-based instrument previously to using digital payment as a payment method. This shift is in line with the growth of information technology and change in the business model, followed by the new regulations and policies issued by the Indonesia Central Bank.
Prípustnosť vzniku nároku na dovolenku v období neplatného skončenia pracovného pomeru
Authors: Rudžiková Denisa
Published: February 2024

Príspevok sa vo svojom úvode zaoberá analýzou právnej úpravy inštitútu dovolenky za kalendárny rok v práve EÚ a jeho výkladu optikou Súdneho dvora. Jeho nosná časť je venovaná najnovším rozhodnutiam Súdneho dvora, ktoré sa zaoberajú možnosťou vzniku nároku na dovolenku v období neplatného skončenia pracovného pomeru. V závere autorka poukazuje na premietnutie analyzovaných rozhodnutí do práva Slovenskej republiky a na doterajšiu ustálenú rozhodovaciu prax súdov v tejto oblasti, ktorú komparuje so závermi prijatými v rozhodnutiach.
Pre-Trial Detention and It‘s Alternatives in Lithuania, Estonia, Romania and Slovakia
Authors: Švedas Gintaras , Levon Justyna
Published: February 2024

The article deals with the regulation of grounds and duration of the pre-trial detention, as well as its alternative measures during pre-trial investigation stage in Estonian, Lithuanian, Romania and Slovak law. In addition, the article compares the available statistical data on the application of pre-trial detention and its alternative measures in the mentioned countries, as well as evaluates the significance of the trends of pre-trial detention and its alternative measures to the total number of imprisoned persons.
PANGAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF BUDAYA SUNDA: MATERI PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA SINDULANG, KECAMATAN CIMANGGUNG, KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Wahya Wahya , Rahman Fadly , Hamid Abdul
Published: February 2024

Setiap bangsa di dunia tidak dapat melepaskan dirinya dari keperluan akan pangan atau makanan karena pangan merupakan sumber tenaga ketika melakukan aktivitas. Dengan pangan manusia dapat mempertahankan hidupnya di dunia. Oleh karena itu dicari berbagai cara melalui budaya agar pangan tetap dapat terus hadir dan diingat dalam kehidupan. Pangan dalam perspektif budaya Sunda memiliki nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. Pangan bukan hanya sekadar sesuatu yang diperlukan fisik untuk memberikan tenaga ketika melakukan aktivitas, tetapi memiliki nilai-nilai dalam kehidupan. Oleh karena itu, bukanlah hal yang aneh masalah makanan itu diangkat dalam ungkapan atau peribahasa dalam budaya Sunda yang menunjukkan kecerdasan orang Sunda dalam memandang makanan dari perspektif budayanya. Orang yang tidak kebagian makanan istimewa diasosiakan dengan bengkok tikoro ‘kehabisan makanan karena telat datang’. Keadaan masyarakat yang makmur digambarkan dengan murah sandang murah pangan ‘murah pakaian murah makanan’. Ketika bertamu hanya mendapatkan minuman tanpa makanan disindir dengan ngaburuy ‘seperti kecebong’. Orang kaya yang banyak makanan dan uang diilustrasikan dengan rea ketan rea keton ‘banyak ketan dan uang’. Budaya pangan melekat dengan kehidupan orang Sunda.
REIMAGINE KOTA BANDUNG: TAWARAN PENULISAN SEJARAH LOKAL DAN SEKTORAL
Authors: Gumilar Trisna , Subekti Mega , Ampera Taufik
Published: February 2024

Sementara pembangunan fisik Kota Bandung, termasuk peningkatan tata ruang, infrastruktur, dan ekonomi, telah diupayakan oleh pemerintah guna mengurangi ketimpangan sosial yang kini sangat terasa, partisipasi aktif masyarakat menjadi suatu keharusan. Dalam konteks ini, melibatkan masyarakat untuk memperkuat rasa memiliki terhadap Kota Bandung menjadi krusial guna menjaga stabilitas sosial dan kelangsungan dari kemajuan yang telah dicapai. Tingginya tingkat pergantian penduduk di Kota Bandung menjadi titik perhatian, mengingat hal ini dapat mengancam rasa identitas dan keterikatan yang esensial dalam memperkuat fondasi bagi pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Tulisan ini menjadi sebuah usulan teoritis yang relevan terkait potensi degradasi identitas, dengan mengadopsi metode penelusuran literatur sebagai pendekatan penelitian. Salah satu fokusnya adalah konsep ‘imagined community’ dalam membentuk identitas bersama masyarakat dan keterikatan warga terhadap Kota Bandung. Di antara pendekatan tersebut, terdapat penekanan pada pentingnya membangun sebuah narasi sejarah bersama. ‘Narasi sejarah bersama’ menjadi krusial dalam menghadapi situasi tingginya pergantian penduduk di Kota Bandung, yang disebabkan oleh baik kelahiran maupun migrasi.
Primer prototipo de un visibilímetro para el entorno del automóvil
Authors: Barrales Guadarrama Raymundo , Rodríguez Rodríguez Melitón Ezequiel , Barrales Guadarrama Víctor Rogelio , Mocholí Salcedo Antonio , Arroyo Núñez José Humberto
Published: February 2024

La seguridad vial en las carreteras requiere la utilización de sistemas que cumplan dos requisitos básicos: la seguridad de funcionamiento y la robustez. Las infraestructuras de señalización e información al usuario (señales fijas, semáforos, paneles, mensajes de radio, etc.) y las de captura y transmisión de información (sensores de vehículos e infraestructuras, monitorización del clima, etc.) son fundamentales para lograr un sistema de transporte seguro. La vigilancia de las condiciones climatológicas es un factor básico para lograr una conducción segura. Condiciones de clima adversas (lluvia, viento, nieve, niebla, etc.) aumentan las probabilidades de que se produzcan accidentes de tráfico. Si se dispone de sistemas de información al usuario que le proporcionen el estado del clima en las carreteras se pueden reducir considerablemente los 'riesgos. Por lo que se acaba de indicar, resulta necesario contar con sensores climáticos que proporcionen :información completa y exacta de los factores que puedan incidir en la seguridad vial. Dentro de este grupo están la detección de bancos de niebla, lluvia o nieve en la calzada. En este contexto el objetivo general del proyecto es el diseño y construcción del prototipo de un visibilímetro que permita un estudio preliminar de las condiciones de visibilidad en las carreteras.
Kompetensi Pengguna dan Program Partnership dalam Mempengaruhi Pengambilan Keputusan melalui Implementasi Sistem Informasi Akuntansi
Authors: Amarina Dina , Fitrios Ruhul , Supriono Supriono
Published: February 2024

Objectives: This study seeks to validate the impact of user competency and partnership programs on decision-making through the implementation of an Accounting Information System (AIS).Design/method/approach: Employing a quantitative approach, the research focuses on Pekanbaru City Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), utilizing purposive sampling for sample selection. Primary data are collected through a questionnaire, and data analysis involves descriptive methods and Partial Last Square (PLS) data analysis.Results/findings: The study reveals that the knowledge and skills possessed by AIS users contribute to enhanced AIS application in MSMEs, facilitating the timely, routine, accurate, and comprehensive generation of financial information or reports aligned with user needs. The competence of AIS users also positively impacts decision-making, enabling MSMEs to establish goals, provide alternatives, minimize uncertainty, and evaluate decisions made. However, the partnership program associated with AIS in Pekanbaru City MSMEs is currently suboptimal, exhibiting no significant effect on AIS implementation.Theoretical contribution: This study explores the novel examination of the impact of a partnership program on decision-making through the implementation of an accounting information system..Practical contribution: The findings indicate that the existing partnership program does not influence AIS implementation. Thus, government or related institutions can enhance similar programs by prioritizing improvements in AIS implementation.Limitations: The study's limitations include the non-classification of MSMEs into micro, small, and medium categories during questionnaire distribution and a sample size comprising only 83%.
A análise Jurídico-Ambiental do marco regulatório para a utilização particular ou empresarial de drones no Brasil e a responsabilização sobre os resíduos
Authors: Elise Alves Vasconcelos Priscila , Ribeiro Pereira Nunes Claudia , Vasconcelos Paulo Sérgio
Published: February 2024

Este trabalho tem por objetivo como as novas tecnologias vêm sendo regulamentadas no Brasil, sendo o objeto uso de veículos aéreos não tripulados, os VANT´s ou drones. Análise sobre o marco regulatório brasileiro e a verificação de lacunas e diretrizes foi realizada, incluindo a análise acerca da responsabilidade ambiental sobre os resíduos tecnológicos. Através de dados extraídos da legislação, doutrina especializada, artigos científicos e o direito comparado, a pesquisa abrange o mapeamento, os principais aspectos e dimensões envolvendo os drones no período 2017/2018. Nos resultados, destaca-se a necessidade de melhorias na aplicabilidade e divulgação das regras para pilotagem e uso. Há ausência de normas específicas sobre responsabilidade ambiental e descarte de resíduos tecnológicos.
Development of a target quality profile for capsules containing a dry extract of salvia sclarea l. grown in tajikistan
Authors: Kholov S. B. , Musozoda S. M. , Lytkin D. V. , Yuldasheva U. P. , Kukhtenko H. P.
Published: February 2024

Aim. To work out the concept of scientific research on the pharmaceutical development of capsules based on the substance of a dry extract of Salvia sclarea L. (clary sage) grown in Tajikistan by developing a target drug quality profile.

Materials and methods. During the research, methods of a systematic approach, scientific analysis, comparison, analogy, and generalization of information on the pharmaceutical development of herbal medicines were used. Tabular and schematic tools for visual presentation of the data obtained were also applied.

Results. The pharmacological studies of a dry extract of Salvia sclarea L. grown in Tajikistan using the “elevated plus maze” test indicate the prospects of its use as an active substance of a moderate anxiolytic action in the dose of 300 mg/kg. The results obtained served as the basis for developing a target quality profile for capsules containing a dry extract as the first stage of the pharmaceutical development, implementing the programmable quality concept “Quality by Design”. When developing the target quality profile for capsules, a set of complementary provisions, recommendations, and methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine and the Eurasian Economic Union concerning the issues of technological, chemical, and microbiological requirements for the development of pharmaceutical products was analyzed.

Conclusions. Thus, the development of a target quality profile for capsules containing a dry extract of Salvia sclarea L. will make it possible to rationally use material resources and implement the programmable quality concept.
Dampak Pajanan Timbal terhadap Anemia Pekerja dan Strategi Intervensi
Authors: Lasiyo Yumna Satyani , Ramdan Doni Hikmat
Published: February 2024

Lead poisoning is still a major case of industrial and environmental problems in developing countries. In the last decade, several studies have been conducted on the impact of lead exposure on health, one of which is the risk of anemia in both workers and communities around exposed factories. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of lead on the risk of anemia in the work environment, and intervention strategies that can be carried out by the parties involved. This research includes a literature review obtained from a search using the PRISMA 2009 system. Of the 246 journals obtained from the first search, 20 journals were included in this research. The research results showed that factors that influence blood lead levels are environmental conditions, work area, use of PPE, worker hygiene behavior, and duration of work, either daily or long term. Anemia is one of the dominant symptoms and has an impact on work productivity. Intervention strategies for cases of anemia due to lead exposure can be carried out using the principle of hierarchy control and improving individual hygiene behavior, as well as providing additional supplements. In severe cases, chelation and alternative therapies need to be considered. Controlling the impact of lead exposure needs to be carried out by company management and requires worker participation to be protected from the effects of intoxication on health.
Effect of solvent, pH, extraction time and temperature on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Carpobrotus edulis
Authors: Laloo N. , Terblanche U. , Ssemakalu C. C. , Pillay M.
Published: February 2024

Two 23 factorial design studies were performed to determine the effect of solvent, pH, extraction time and temperature on the extraction of phenolics and radical scavenging activity contained in crude leaf extracts of Carpobrotus edulis. For the aqueous model, pH 9, 72 h and 40 °C provided the highest yield (31.03 ± 0.58%), while the highest yield for the methanolic extracts was obtained using the same temperature and pH, but with a longer extraction time of 168 h (64.21 ± 2.12%). Quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed to determine the amount of phenolics, tannins and flavonoids contained in the crude extracts. When water was used as an extraction solvent, the highest concentration of phenolics was obtained using pH 9 and extracting for 72 h at 40 °C (6.42 ± 0.03 milligrams Gallic Acid Equivalent per gram of extract). However, when methanol was used as a solvent, the highest concentration of phenolics was obtained when the same pH and time of extraction was used, but at a lower temperature (25 °C) – 7.44 ± 0.50 mg GAE/g of extract. Antioxidant activity was determined using the ABTS and DPPH assays. For both, methanol extracts produced lower IC50 values than the aqueous extracts. The best combination of extraction conditions for aqueous extracts is pH 9, and 72 h of extraction at 40 °C. This produced the lowest IC50 values for both assays (298.28 μg/mL for DPPH and 140.77 μg/mL for ABTS assay). When methanol is used as a solvent, the extraction conditions producing the lowest IC50 values were pH 9, 72 h and 25 °C for the DPPH assay (109.84 μg/mL), and pH 5, 168 h and 25 °C for the ABTS assay (26.79 μg/mL). These values are all higher than for the positive control, ascorbic acid. A positive correlation exists between phenolic content and radical scavenging activity – higher phenolic content resulted in higher radical scavenging activity. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was higher for the aqueous extracts than for the methanol extracts. Thus, extraction conditions must be modified to maximise extraction of phenolics, to obtain maximum radical scavenging activity.
Performance Evaluation of Raw Material Suppliers at Manufacturing Company Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Febryan Rio , Vikaliana Resista
Published: February 2024

PT Trafoindo Prima Perkasa is a medium-sized electrical equipment manufacturing company that uses bushings as raw materials for transformers. Therefore, it is important to evaluate bushing suppliers to ensure the appropriate quality and quantity of raw materials. Currently, the company faces issues with delayed raw material deliveries, which disrupt production. The research aims to evaluate the performance of bushing raw material suppliers using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, focusing on price, quality, service, and delivery. The AHP method is employed for multi-criteria decision-making in supplier performance evaluation through questionnaires and analysis using Expert Choice software. The analysis results indicate that price is the primary evaluation criterion with a value of 0.398, and Supplier A demonstrates the best performance with a score of 0.280.
A Review of the Collection of commented Metarules of Pāṇini's Sanskrit Grammar — "Paribhāṣāvṛtti" by Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita
Authors: Ulanskii Evgenii Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2024

A while after the compilation of the Sanskrit grammar called "Aṣṭādhyāyī" (≈ V century BC) by the ancient Indian linguist Pāṇini, commentators of this treatise began to formulate numerous metarules guiding to the correct interpretation of grammatical rules. The object of our study are these post-Pāṇinian metarules, also known as paribhāṣās. They describe the metalanguage developed by Panini, varieties of technical use of language’s expressive means in the "Aṣṭādhyāyī", they also help resolve contradictions that arise when reading grammatical rules and settle priorities in the execution sequence of grammatical operations. The material of the study are metarules collected and commented on by the Sanskrit grammarian of the XVII century AD Nīlakaṇṭhadīkṣita in his work "Commentary on paribhāṣās" (Paribhāṣāvṛtti). The purpose of our work is to expose the content of the "Commentary on the paribhāṣās", to classify the metarules collected in this work, to indicate their purpose. The method of the work is a structural and hermeneutical study of the text. For the first time, a detailed analysis of the Nīlakaṇṭhadīkṣita's "Commentary on the paribhāṣās" and the classification of the metarules collected in this work were carried out. For the first time in Russian-language literature, the content of a large number of post-Pāṇinian metarules of Sanskrit grammar "Aṣṭādhyāyī" is exhibited, as well as biographical data about the grammarian Nīlakaṇṭhadīkṣita is revealed.
Representation of the Green Color in Russian and French Linguo-Cultures
Authors: Zheng Wenxuan
Published: February 2024

This article represents an in-depth linguistic analysis of the use of green color in the Russian and French languages. The richness of phraseological expressions and lexical turns associated with this color is examined in diverse contexts. The primary focus is on denoting plants, nature, and metaphorical meanings, such as associations with youth and emotions. The study covers various domains of green color use, including its connection with playing cards, money, and alcohol. The author aims to uncover how the color interacts with cultural concepts and perceptions in different linguocultural environments of Russian and French languages, providing a profound understanding of the multilayered semantics of the color green. The research is based on a comprehensive analysis of linguistic materials, including a comparative analysis of phraseological units in Russian and French. Methods of semantic analysis, cultural context, and historical-linguistic comparison are applied. The work relies on authentic texts and integrates cultural and linguistic history to reveal nuanced aspects of green color usage. The study offers a deep analysis of phraseological units involving the green color, identifying their cultural, linguistic, and semantic aspects in the context of Russian and French languages. The work unveils common features and unique characteristics of green color usage, providing readers with a profound understanding of its significance in various linguistic and cultural paradigms. The scientific novelty lies in the full-scale analysis of linguistic material and the exploration of the influence of cultural factors on color perception in language. The research enriches linguistic science, offering valuable insights into the realm of cultural interaction through the language prism. It inspires further investigations into the semantics of color and linguistic anthropology, introducing new perspectives and understanding into discussions on the impact of color perception on cultural norms and customs.
Program Kemitraan Masyarakat Dalam Eksplorasi Sumber Zat Warna Organik Di Meruyung Desa Limo Kota Depok
Authors: Nasution Siti Rohana , Zulaihah Lilik , Rahayu Fajar , Dewi Munggaran Nantia Rena
Published: February 2024

Color in a product, both in the form of food products and products other than food, is one thing that makes consumers interested and as a consideration for use or choice. In serving food color as if it will be a must for producers. The dapart staining process is carried out synthetically using chemicals or using natural materials. The use of synthetic dyes has an influence on health and the environment. This makes it an excuse for manufacturers to return to nature by using natural dyes. In the surrounding environment derived from plants, there are many sources of natural dyes both carotenoids, anthocyanin, betalain and chlorophyll. By using the process of exploring plants to produce natural dyes. This natural dye can be applied to food products, and has the ability to maintain health, prevent and minimize the occurrence of several diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, cancer and so on. Therefore, the concept of returning to natural dyes derived from plants so as to maintain health as well as environmental pollution.
The effect of antipsychotic therapy to the ribosomal repeat copy number variation in the the composition of plasma circulating DNA in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Ершова Е.С. , Жесткова Е.М. , Мартынов А.В. , Захарова Н.В. , Бравве Л.В. , Костюк Г.П. , Вейко Н.Н. , Костюк С.В.
Published: February 2024

Циркулирующая внеклеточная ДНК (вкДНК) при патологии оказывает негативное действие на клетки организма, поддерживая системное воспаление. Фрагменты рибосомного повтора (рДНК), которые накапливаются в составе вкДНК, активируют транскрипционный фактор NF-kB, который регулирует транскрипцию генов провоспалительных цитокинов. В работе показано, что антипсихотическая терапия ассоциирована со значительным снижением концентрации биологически активных фрагментов рДНК в плазме крови больных. Поиск малотоксичных синтетических и природных соединений на основе молекулярных структур, входящих в состав антипсихотиков, может привести к появлению лекарств, изменяющих биологическую активность вкДНК.

Circulating extracellular DNA (cfDNA) in pathology has a negative effect on the cells of the body, supporting systemic inflammation. Ribosomal repeat fragments (rDNA), which accumulate in cfDNA, activate the transcription factor NF-kB, which regulates the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. The work shows that antipsychotic therapy is associated with a significant decrease in the concentration of biologically active rDNA fragments in the blood plasma of patients. The search for low-toxic synthetic and natural compounds based on the molecular structures that make up antipsychotics may lead to the emergence of drugs that change the biological activity of cfDNA.
Cytogenomic approach in the diagnostics of inverted duplication/deletion rearrangements
Authors: Юрченко Д.А. , Миньженкова М.Е. , Твеленева А.А. , Воронцова Е.О. , Харченко Т.В. , Шилова Н.В.
Published: February 2024

В статье обсуждается роль молекулярно-цитогенетических методов в контексте цитогеномной диагностики хромосомных аномалий. На сегодняшний день основным методом детекции вариаций числа копий участков ДНК (Сopy Number Variation – CNV) в клинической практике является хромосомный микроматричный анализ (ХМА). Однако, метод имеет существенное ограничение из-за отсутствия информации о числе и структуре хромосом, вовлеченных в перестройку, а также невозможности установить механизм, приводящий к определенному хромосомному дисбалансу. Поэтому возникает необходимость использования дополнительного метода (или методов) для верификации результатов ХМА, одним из которых является флуоресцентная гибридизация in situ (FISH). Использование комплексного (цитогеномного) подхода в диагностике хромосомных перестроек позволяет не только детектировать CNV, но и определить структуру и предположить механизм формирования хромосомного дисбаланса. В своей работе мы показали возможность и важность использования дополнительных лабораторных генетических методов на примере диагностики и изучения инвертированных дупликаций со смежными терминальными делециями (inv dup del). Разработанные несерийные (homemade) ДНК-зонды позволили детализировать структуру и подтвердить гипотезу об инвертированной ориентации дуплицированного сегмента на примере двух хромосомных перестроек — inv dup del(7q) и inv dup del(8p). Продемонстрированный цитогеномный подход, позволяющий интерпертировать сложные хромосомные перестройки, такие как inv dup del, подчеркивает важность и необходимость персонализации каждого случая диагностики хромосомных аномалий.

The article describes the role of molecular cytogenetic methods in the context of cytogenomic approach of chromosomal abnormalities. Only the use of a complex (cytogenomic) approach in the diagnosis of chromosomal rearrangements makes it possible to detect CNV, as well as to determine the structure and mechanism of the formation of chromosomal imbalance. In our work, we have shown the possibility and importance of using additional research methods on the example of diagnosing and studying inverted duplications with adjacent terminal deletions (inv dup del). The developed homemade DNA-probes made it possible to detail the structure and confirm the hypothesis of the inverted orientation of the duplicated segment using two chromosome rearrangements, inv dup del(7q) and inv dup del(8p), as an example. The demonstrated cytogenomic approach, which allows the interpretation of complex chromosomal rearrangements such as inv dup del, highlights the importance and necessity of personalizing each case of chromosomal abnormality diagnosis.
Towards Accurate Quantum Mechanical Thermochemistry: (1) Extensible Implementation and Comparison of Bond Additivity Corrections and Isodesmic Reactions
Authors: Wu Haoyang , Payne A. Mark , Pang Hao-Wei , Menon Angiras , Grambow Colin A. , Ranasinghe Duminda S. , Dong Xiaorui , Dana Alon Grinberg , Green William H.
Published: February 2024

Obtaining accurate enthalpies of formation of chemical species, Hf, often requires empirical corrections that connect the results of quantum mechanical (QM) calculations with the experimental enthalpies of elements in their standard state. One approach is to use atomization energy corrections (AECs) followed by bond additivity corrections (BACs), such as those defined by Petersson et al. or Anantharaman and Melius. Another approach is to utilize isodesmic reactions (IDRs) as shown by Buerger et al. We implement both approaches in Arkane, an open-source software that can calculate species thermochemistry using results from various QM software packages. In this work, we collect 421 reference species from the literature to derive Hf corrections, and fit AECs and BACs for 15 commonly used model chemistries. We find that both types of BACs yield similar accuracy, although Anantharaman and Melius-type BACs appear to generalize better. Furthermore, BACs tend to achieve better accuracy than IDRs for commonly used model chemistries, and IDRs can be less robust because of the sensitivity to the chosen reference species and reactions. Overall, Anantharaman and Melius-type BACs are our recommended approach for achieving accurate QM corrections for enthalpies.
Controlling Associative Transcarbamoylation Reactions by Light in Dynamic Polyurethane Networks Using Reversible Spiropyran Photoswiches
Authors: Vozzolo Giulia , Elizalde Fermin , Ximenis Marta , Mantione Daniele , Aguirresarobe Robert , Sardon Haritz
Published: February 2024

Polyurethanes represent a versatile class of polymers and are one of the most employed in the thermoset market. However, due to their thermodynamically stable carbamate bond, they suffer from a lack of reprocessability, recyclability, and degradability, and are therefore usually discarded after use. Recently, transcarbamoylation in polyurethane thermosets has been demonstrated via associative exchange in the presence of a strong organic acid. Intending to introduce spatiotemporal control in the processability of polyurethane materials, in this work we investigate dynamic transcarbamoylation by the addition of a latent acidic catalyst into an aromatic and an aliphatic polyurethane network. We introduce three photoswitches based on merocyanine/spiropyran compounds which, upon exposure to visible light, undergo a reversible cyclization reaction, resulting in formation of strong acids. The use of such photoswitches prevents the presence of a permanent acidic species in the network, which would eventually lead to its degradation over time. Importantly, due to the reversible nature of the cyclization reaction, the release of the acidic catalyst is not permanent, as evidenced by stress relaxation measurements. Overall, the evidence of the light-induced, acid-catalyzed transcarbamoylation is supported by stress-relaxation, optical microscopy, and self-healing measurements.
Direct synthesis of aromatics of jet fuel by integrating CO2-FTS and toluene alkylation reaction
Authors: Jin Ke , Jiang Qian , Zhang Qi , Wang Chenguang
Published: February 2024

Although considerable efforts have been made in CO2 hydrogenation to produce long-chain hydrocarbons through the CO2 Fischer-Tropsch (CO2-FTS) pathway, the selectivity of C8+ hydrocarbons is still low. This work reported a new strategy for the production of aromatics for jet fuel by coupling the CO2-FTS and toluene alkylation reactions over Fe&3Z5 catalysts with the jet fuel selectivity up to 75% under industrially relevant conditions. A series of characterization techniques and validation experiments were used to investigate the reaction pathway and mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation coupled to toluene alkylation over Fe&3Z5 catalysts. With the introduction of toluene, the olefin intermediates generated in situ from CO2 hydrogenation over iron-based catalysts were preferentially converted to aromatics of jet fuel by alkylation with toluene. Furthermore, low carbon number olefins were more readily alkylated with toluene at the acidic site of the Z5 zeolite. More significantly, the appropriate proximity of the two components of the tandem catalyst played a crucial role in the continuous and synergistic catalytic conversion of CO2 into aromatics of jet fuel. This study provides a viable technique for the highly selective synthesis of eco-friendly and carbon-neutral aromatics of jet fuel from CO2.
A Live-Cell Epigenome Manipulation by Photo-stimuli-responsive Histone Methyltransferase Inhibitor
Authors: Wu Chuan-Shuo , Sun Xin , Liu Li , Cheng Liang
Published: February 2024

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the histone H3 tail regulate chromatin structure and impact epigenetics and hence the gene expressions. Current chemical modulation tools, such as unnatural amino acid incorporation, protein splicing, and sortase-based editing, have allowed for the modification of histones with various PTMs in cellular contexts, but most of these methods are not applicable for editing native chromatin. The use of small organic molecules to manipulate histone-modifying enzymes alters endogenous histone PTMs but lacks precise temporal and spatial control. To date, there has been no achievement in modulating biologically significant histone methylation in living cells with spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, we present a new method for temporally editing dimethylation H3K9me2 using a photo-responsive inhibitor that specifically targets the histone methyltransferase G9a upon light irradiation. The photo-caged molecule was stable under physiological conditions and in cellular environments, but rapidly decomposed upon exposure to light, releasing the bioactive component that can immediately inhibit the catalytic ability of the G9a in vitro. Besides, this masked compound could also efficiently promote the inhibition of methyltransferase activity in living cells, subsequently suppress H3K9me2, a mark that regulates various chromatin functions. Therefore, our chemical system will be a valuable tool for manipulating the epigenome for therapeutic purposes and furthering the understanding of epigenetic mechanisms.
Gravesoil derived postmortem interval using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the influence of carrion-associated fabric.
Authors: Watson Phebie , Assi Sulaf , Ralebitso Senior T. Komang
Published: February 2024

Establishing time elapsed for unattended death scenes is crucial in formulating a timeline of events facilitating death investigations. However, traditional postmortem interval (PMI) methods rely on visually evaluating physical atrophy and are closely influenced by both biotic and abiotic variables associated with carrion. During the bloat stage, carrion produces a characteristic landscape known as the cadaver decomposition island (CDI), through the propagation of fluids rich in decomposition by-products. Here, attenuated total reflectance- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) was employed as a non-invasive, low input, low preparation interface for determining PMI from simulated Mus musculus burial gravesoil. Furthermore, understanding the influences of environmental and inter-individual differences in gaining accurate PMI is important to validate, prior to implementation to enhance the current forensic toolkit. It is documented that the presence, type and weight of clothing interferes with progression through decomposition. The subsequent impacts of clothing material (cotton, polyester, viscose) on CDI footprint development will be reflected in the biological and chemical characteristics of this ecosystem. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the IR spectra showed two clusters of samples corresponding to control and gravesoil. PC loadings plot showed that the 3100 - 1000 cm-1 spectral range attributed for over 95% of the variance. Bands within this range are ascribed to the presence of lipids, proteins and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as byproducts of mammalian decomposition. Overall, presence and fabric type impacted decomposition, spectral CDI detection and grave discrimination. This study questions the efficacy of proxy size and microcosm design in conducting applicable forensic research in lieu of taphonomy facilities or ethical constraints.
Quantifying Heterogeneous Degradation Pathways and Deformation Fields in Solid State Batteries
Authors: Hu Ji , Young Robert , Lukic Bratislav , Broche Ludovic , Jervis Rhodri , Shearing Paul , Michiel Marco , Withers Philip , Rettie Alexander , Paul Partha
Published: February 2024

Solid-state batteries are compelling candidates for next generation energy storage devices, promising both high energy density and improved safety, by utilizing metallic Li as the negative electrode. However, they suffer from poor cyclability and rate capability, which limits their wide application. Degradation in these devices occurs through complex mechanical, chemical and electrochemical pathways, all of which produce heterogeneous deformation fields. Therefore, isolating solid-state degradation mechanisms, and explicitly linking them to the associated deformation fields requires a multimodal characterization strategy. Here, we present a novel 3-D, in situ methodology for linking degradation to deformation in solid-state cells. X-ray imaging is used to measure the morphological degradation, and combined with X-ray diffraction to quantify (electro)chemical aspects. Finally, the heterogeneous stress fields from these various pathways are mapped in situ. This heterogeneity is shown globally, from the interface to the bulk electrolyte, as well as locally, around features such as cracks and voids. Through these analyses, it was possible to delineate the effects of solid electrolyte processing, cell assembly, and cycling on the end-of-life state of the cell. Moreover, the importance of stress mitigation in these cells is highlighted, with mean stresses around the interface and some cracks comfortably exceeding the elastic limit of Li.
Assembly of Droplet Reinjection-MS Interfaces: Overcoming Droplet Coalescence for High Throughput Screening Applications.
Authors: Kempa Emily , Smith Clive A. , Li Xin , Sarkar Depanjan , Morsa Denis , Spiess Reynard , Rijs Anouk , Barran Perdita
Published: February 2024

Droplet microfluidics coupled with mass spectrometry is evolving for high throughput screening. A commercial solution that can readily interface to existing mass spectrometry instrumentation would be highly desirable and allow the technology to become accessible to those without experience in droplet microfluidics. Here, we demonstrate a droplet reinjection workflow to infuse samples into three common mass spectrometers, each with different electrospray ionisation (ESI) source configurations. The ease of chip-mass spectrometry (MS) coupling is explored and difficulties highlighted. Particular attention has been turned to ESI sources which apply the electrospray voltage directly to the incoming droplet emitter (‘push source’), as these were found to cause droplet coalescence within the microfluidic chip reinjection channel. To overcome such a difficulty, we have identified different solutions including a grounded mesh insert as a shielding approach, and minor changes to chips and ESI sources to stabilise incoming droplets. Results obtained allow the mass spectrum of individual reinjected droplets to be determined without hindrance from the electrospray voltage. The problems and solutions identified here, outline the foundations for the development of a commercial droplet reinjection-mass spectrometry interface.
The impact of earth-abundant metals as a replacement for Pd in cross coupling reactions
Authors: Lipshutz Bruce , Gallou Fabrice , Luescher Michael
Published: February 2024

Substitution of one metal catalyst for another is not straightforward as simply justifying this change based on the availability and/or cost of the metals. A life cycle-like assessment was performed leading to the conclusion that the commonly held view that use of earth-abundant metals (and in this case study, Ni) are replacements for palladium most notably in cross coupling reactions, and Suzuki-Miyaura couplings, in particular, is an incomplete analysis of the entire picture. This notion can be misleading, and unfortunately derives nowadays mainly from the standpoint of cost, and to some degree, the relative natural abundance and mining impact of each metal. However, a more realistic appreciation emerges when several additional reaction parameters involved in the couplings are considered. Such an analysis unequivocally points to the major impact on climate change brought about by use of organic solvents, while the metals actually play subordinate roles in terms of CO2-release into the environment. Clearly, this study reveals that several factors contribute in various ways to the overall carbon footprint. Hence, a far more detailed analysis is required than that typically being utilized!
The Enantioselective Organocatalytic [1,2]-Rearrangement of Allylic Ammonium Ylides
Authors: Hartley Will , Greenhalgh Mark , Kasten Kevin , Feoktistova Taisiia , Wise Henry , Laddusaw Jacqueline , Frost Aileen , Ng Sean , Slawin Alexandra , Bode Bela , Ha-Yeon Cheong Paul , Smith Andrew
Published: February 2024

The [1,2]-rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylides is traditionally observed as a competitive minor pathway alongside the thermally allowed [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. The challenges associated with developing a catalytic enantioselective variant are amplified as concerted [1,2]-rearrangements are forbidden, with these processes proposed to proceed through homolytic C-N bond fission of the ylide, followed by stereoselective radical-radical recombination. Herein a Lewis basic chiral isothiourea facilitates catalytic [1,2]-rearrangement of prochiral aryl ester ammonium salts to generate unnatural α-amino acid derivatives with unprecedented levels of enantiocontrol (up to 97:3 er) and up to total selectivity over the thermally allowed [2,3]-rearrangement. Key factors in favouring the [1,2]-rearrangement include exploitation of (i) disubstituted terminal allylic substituents, (ii) cyclic N-substituted ammonium salts and (iii) elevated reaction temperatures. Mechanistic studies involving 13C-labelling and crossover reactions, combined with radical trapping experiments and observed changes in product enantioselectivity are consistent with a radical solvent cage effect, with maximum product enantioselectivity observed with promotion of “in-cage” radical-radical recombination. Computational analysis indicates that the distribution between [1,2]- and [2,3]-rearrangement products arises predominantly from C-N bond homolysis of an intermediate ammonium ylide, followed by recombination of the a-amino radical at either the primary or tertiary site of an intermediate allylic radical. Electrostatic interactions involving the bromide counterion and the rearrangement transition states control the facial selectivity of the [1,2]- and [2,3]-rearrangements, while the difficulty of forming a bond in the more sterically hindered tertiary position of the allylic substituent disfavors the formation of the [2,3]-product. These results will impact further investigations and understanding into enantioselective radical-radical reactions.