bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sequencing and Integration of Cervical Manual Therapy and Vestibulo-oculomotor Therapy for Concussion Symptoms: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Wong Christopher Kevin , Ziaks Lauren , Vargas Samantha , DeMattos Tessia , Brown Chelsea
Published: February 2021

Background

After concussion many people have cervicogenic headache, visual dysfunction, and vestibular deficits that can be attributed to brain injury, cervical injury, or both. While clinical practice guidelines outline treatments to address the symptoms that arise from the multiple involved systems, no preferred treatment sequence for post-concussion syndrome has emerged.

Purpose

This study sought to describe the clinical and patient-reported outcomes for people with post-concussion symptoms after a protocol sequenced to address cervical dysfunction and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo within the first three weeks of injury, followed by integrated vision and vestibular therapy.

Study Design

Retrospective longitudinal cohort analysis

Methods

Records from a concussion clinic for 38 patients (25 male 13 female, aged 26.9±19.7 years) with post-concussion symptoms due to sports, falls, assaults, and motor vehicle accident injuries were analyzed. Musculoskeletal, vision, and vestibular system functions were assessed after pragmatic treatment including early cervical manual therapy and canalith repositioning treatment—when indicated—integrated with advanced vision and vestibular rehabilitation. Patient-reported outcomes included the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) for general symptoms; and for specific symptoms, the Dizziness Handicap Index (DHI), Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Scale (CISS), Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC), and the Brain Injury Vision Symptom Survey (BIVSS). Paired t-tests with Bonferroni correction to minimize familywise error (p<0.05) were used to analyze the clinical and patient-reported outcomes.

Results

After 10.4±4.8 sessions over 57.6±34.0 days, general symptoms improved on the PCSS (p=0.001, 95%CI=12.4-30.6); and specific symptoms on the DHI (p<0.001, 95%CI=14.5-33.2), CISS (p<0.002, 95%CI=7.1-18.3), ABC (p<0.024, 95%CI=-.3 - -.1), and BIVSS (p<0.001, 95%CI=13.4-28.0). Clinical measures improved including cervical range-of-motion (55.6% fully restored), benign paroxysmal positional vertigo symptoms (28/28, fully resolved), Brock string visual convergence (p<0.001, 95%CI=3.3-6.3), and score on the Balance Error Scoring System (p<0.001, 95%CI=5.5-11.6).

Conclusion

A rehabilitation approach for post-concussion syndrome that sequenced cervical dysfunction and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo treatment within the first three weeks of injury followed by integrated vision and vestibular therapy improved clinical and patient-reported outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 2b
Comparison of the Effects of Static-Stretching and Tubing Exercises on Acute Shoulder Range of Motion in Collegiate Baseball Players
Authors: Busch Andrew M , Browstein Jackson , Ulm Richard
Published: February 2021

Background

The overhead throwing motion repetitively stresses the dominant arm in baseball players, frequently altering normal range of motion (ROM) in multiple directions. Baseball players regularly perform a combination of static stretches (SS) and dynamic tubing (DT) resistance exercises in pre-throwing warm-up routines intended to improve shoulder ROM and reduce injuries.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare acute changes in dominant shoulder ROM improvements between SS and DT warm-up exercise protocols. The DT exercises were hypothesized to elicit greater improvements in shoulder ROM.

Study Design

Two-way crossover study.

Methods

Twenty-five healthy collegiate baseball players (mean age = 19.8 ±1.0 years) presenting with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) >20° and total rotational range of motion (TRROM) losses >5° completed the SS and DT interventions on different days. Dominant arm internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER) and TRROM were measured before, immediately after, 30-minutes after, and 60-minutes after each treatment session. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared the effect of SS and DT over time on IR, ER and TRROM.

Results

IR improved on average 10.68 ± 0.82° (p < .001) post intervention, 11.18 ± 0.79° (p < .001) 30-min post intervention, and 9.03 ± 0.95° (p < .001) 60-min post intervention. ER improved on average 8.60 ± 0.67° (p < .001) post intervention, 8.25 ± 0.85° (p < .001) 30-min post intervention, and 6.65 ± 0.91° (p < .001) 60-min post intervention. TRROM improved on average 19.28 ± 1.09° (p < .001) post intervention, 19.43 ± 1.36° (p < .001) 30-min post intervention, and 15.68 ± 1.55° (p < .001) 60-min post intervention. There were no significant differences between the main effects of treatment and time for IR, ER, and TRROM. For IR, SS improved by an average of 1.73 ± 0.55° (p = .005) more than DT. For ER and TRROM, there were no differences between SS and DT.

Conclusion

Both SS and DT exercises improve glenohumeral IR, ER and TRROM up to one-hour post intervention, with no significant differences noted between interventions for treatment or time. Baseball players can benefit equally from performing SS or DT exercises to acutely improve shoulder ROM.

Level of Evidence

Level 3
Physical Therapists’ Assessment of Patient Self-Efficacy for Home Exercise Programs
Authors: Picha Kelsey J , Valier Alison Snyder , Heebner Nicholas R , Abt John P , Usher Ellen L , Capilouto Gilson , Uhl Tim L
Published: February 2021

Background

Patient adherence to home exercise programs (HEPs) is low, and poor patient self-efficacy is a barrier clinicians can influence. However, little evidence suggests that clinicians assess level of patient self-efficacy before prescribing HEPs.

Purpose

To determine the importance of patient self-efficacy to physical therapists (PTs) when addressing patient barriers, determine how PTs assess and use patient self-efficacy for HEPs, and describe the barriers facing PTs when assessing patient self-efficacy for HEPs.

Study Design

Survey.

Methods

Practicing PTs were recruited from the American Physical Therapy Association’s Orthopedic Section and emailed the electronic survey.

Results

Email invitations were sent to 17730 potential participants, and 462 PTs completed the survey over one month. PTs rated self-efficacy as “very” to “extremely” important for patient adherence (58%, 265/454). Most (71%, 328/462) reported assessing self-efficacy before prescribing HEPs and did so through verbal discussion and observation of the patient (50% and 38% respectively). Half of respondents individualized HEPs through self-efficacy related themes. PTs not assessing self-efficacy reported not knowing how (51%, 68/134), being unsure what to do with the information (24%, 32/134), or reporting other barriers (21%, 28/134).

Conclusions

Most PTs indicated that self-efficacy was important for patient adherence, but assessment strategies reported, such as verbal discussion and observation, may not be the most accurate. PTs who did not assess self-efficacy reported not knowing how or what to do with the information once collected. These findings suggest that there is a gap in knowledge related to how to evaluate self-efficacy for HEPs. Better assessment of self-efficacy may lead to more appropriate and effective implementation strategies.

Level of Evidence

Level II
Seeing a Phrase " Time and Again" Matters: The Role of Phrasal Frequency in the Processing of Multiword Sequences
Authors: Siyanova Anna , Conklin K , van Heuven WJB
Published: February 2021

Are speakers sensitive to the frequency with which phrases occur in language? The authors report an eye-tracking study that investigates this by examining the processing of multiword sequences that differ in phrasal frequency by native and proficient nonnative English speakers. Participants read sentences containing 3-word binomial phrases (bride and groom) and their reversed forms (groom and bride), which are identical in syntax and meaning but that differ in phrasal frequency. Mixed-effects modeling revealed that native speakers and nonnative speakers, across a range of proficiencies, are sensitive to the frequency with which phrases occur in English. Results also indicate that native speakers and higher proficiency nonnatives are sensitive to whether a phrase occurs in a particular configuration (binomial vs. reversed) in English, highlighting the contribution of entrenchment of a particular phrase in memory. © 2011 American Psychological Association.
REFLECTION OF THE NATURE AND COMMUNITY RELATIONIN PLACE NAMES
Authors:   Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Khakimov Koshkar
Published: February 2021

The study of the territorialaspects of the nature and society reflected in the names of places is important not only for the science of toponymy, but also for the sciences of geography. In this article toponymics which occupies an intermediate positionin the system of geographical sciences and it’s study was the subject the reflection of nature and community relation in geographic names was investigated using concrete examples
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM BASED ON TOURIST SITES OF THE ZAAMIN NATIONAL NATURE PARK
Authors:   National university of Uzbekistan, Sharipov Shavkat , Mamadiyorov Adhamjon
Published: February 2021

This article analyzes the development of ecotourism on the basis of tourist facilities in the Zaamin National Nature Park.The tourist attractions of the Zaamin National Nature Park have been explored.Tourism is emergingas a network that attracts people, explores the nature, culture, and customs of peoples, and not only provides recreation and health, but also accelerates economic growth
APPLICATION OF GPS AND GLANASS NAVIGATION SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINATION OF DEFORMATION OF STRUCTURES
Authors:   Tashkent institute of irrigation and agricultural mechanization engineers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Avezbaev Sadulla , Kendjaboev Murodil , Askarov Jasurbek
Published: February 2021

This article provides detailed information on the processes and results of satellite monitoring ofthe deformation of the dam of the water reservoir.
TYPES OF CRIME AND TERRITORIAL DIFFERENCES IN FERGANA REGION
Authors:   National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Komilova Nilufar , Makhmudov Bahodir
Published: February 2021

This article describes the crimes committed in the Fergana region, their socio-geographical aspects, regional differences in the types of crime. In addition, the cities and districts of the region are grouped by level and type of crime. Particular attention is paid to urban and rural crime. Appropriate conclusions and recommendations on the topic are given
Amebiasis Pleuro Pulmonar
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge
Published: February 2021

Complementariamente a una revisión anterior sobre amebiasis hépatopulmonar, se presentan 19 casos y más de amebiasis pleuro-pulmonar diagnosticados en el Dispensario N° 1 de Liga Ecuatoriana Antituberculosa de Quito, en los últimos 9 años.

El cuadro clínico se caracterizó por tos y expectoración hemoptoica y/o hemoptisis, hepatomegalia dolorosa, elevación y borramiento del hemidiafragma derecho e infiltración neumónica del mismo lado.

Como la identificación del agente etiológico es muy difícil, la prueba terapéutica con emetina sigue siendo el mejor método de confirmación diagnóstica.

Se anota como hecho importante la prevalencia en el sexo masculino y la ausencia en la infancia, sin que dispongamos hasta la presente de una explicación satisfactoria.

Se insiste en la importancia práctica de pensar en la etiología amebiana en los procesos pulmonares de base derecha en los que concurren algunos de los otros factores antes anotados.

Hasta el presento año se han recopilado 40 casos, en total, en dos servicios de Neumología de esta ciudad
IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL MERCADO DE BONOS DE CARBONO EN MÉXICO PARA PROYECTOS INDUSTRIALES
Authors: Estrada Chavira María Eugenia , Alvarado Raya Horacio Eliseo , Lozada Rui Juana Ivette , Perez Macias , Monserrat Alicia
Published: February 2021

carbono que emiten las empresas industriales y que permita favorecer el medio ambiente mediante certificaciones e incentivos a las empresas que cumplan con los requisitos ya propuestos dentro Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio MDL. El mercado del carbono, también conocido como certificado de emisiones reducidas es un mecanismo donde su principal objetivo es ayudar a países en vías de desarrollo a cumplir con las reducciones de gases de efecto invernadero. Los proyectos del mercado de bonos de carbono permiten que los países ndustrializados y empresas contaminantes reduzcan sus emisiones de GEI a través de proyectos de energía renovables.
Karakteristik Hasil Fermentasi Buah Annona montana Menggunakan Saccharomyces cereviceae
Authors: Sari Ambar Fidya , Amalia Kiki Mirza , Rochim Jefri Nur
Published: February 2021

Soursop mountain (Annona montana Macf) is a genus of Annonaceae, which contains metabolite compounds and antioxidant activity. Mountain soursop fermentation process is carried out with the addition of yeast Saccharomyces cereviciae which can convert carbohydrates into ethanol and organic acid.. The study is aimed at knowing the impact of the duration of the fermentation on the Soursop mountain on physical and chemical characteristics as a natural preservative. The study involves three stages, beginning with the production of mountain-source-juice, then fermentation, and testing of physical characteristics involving organoleptic (colour, aroma, taste, and texture), pH, and viscosity, whereas on the chemical characteristic that is total acid. Research data is analyzed by the One Way Anova method when there is a valid influence followed by the Post Hoc Tukey at real levels α=5%. Changes in physical and chemical grade values include organoleptic (yellow whiteness, aroma scent of the tape, a slightly thick liquid texture (soft) and no gloating, a very sour taste, a 3,86 pH value, a viscosity 583,33 cp, and a total acetate acid 0,4281%.
Kajian Pustaka: Kualitas Minuman Probiotik Berbahan Dasar Nabati dengan Variasi Sukrosa dan Bakteri Asam Laktat
Authors: Rahmawati Felicia Desi Nora , Swasti Yulia Reni , Purwijantiningsih Ekawati
Published: February 2021

Probiotics which are generally recognized by the public are processed using cow’s milk as the basic ingredient, which is relatively expensive. Diversification of vegetable ingredients into an alternative to milk as a basic ingredient for probiotics that is processed in a modern way with the aim the product can be consumed by the wide community at a more affordable price. The development of plant-based probiotics processing refers to the various nutritional content of vegetable ingredients and the use of vegetable ingredients of less value in an area. Vegetable ingredients such as fruits and vegetables have good nutrition so that materials are suitable as a medium for growth of lactic acid bacteria. Probiotic supplements that are widely used as a starter for probiotics come from genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Feasibility and consumption standard based on chemical, physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic parameters are influenced by treatment during the processing of probiotics such as sugar supplementation and variations of probiotic supplements. Application of vegetable materials as a substrate for lactic acid bacteria and treatment during processing determines the final quality of the probiotics product.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Teh Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa)
Authors: Widyastuti Retno , Tari Agustina Intan Niken , Asmoro Novian Wely
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of fermented tea (black tea) with Ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa) using two variations of leaf age, namely leaflets 1-3 and 4-5. The parameters observed were water content, pH, antioxidant activity (IC 50) and total phenol content of tea. Results showed that the antioxidant activity of young leaves (shoots 1-3) significantly higher than old leaves (shoots 4-5) but had lower total phenol and pH. In general, the character of Ketapang leaf tea products at shoots 1-5 has water content ranging from 5.55-5.58%, total phenol content of 22.63-28.97 mg / g EAG, and antioxidant activity (IC 50) of 6.27-6 .71 µg/ml and the pH of steeping water from 5.9 to 6.1.
MODERNIZATION OF SPORTS EQUIPMENT AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING OF DIFFICULTY SCORE OF COMPETITIVE ROUTINES IN TRAMPOLINE GYMNASTICS
Authors: Sofiia Kokhanska
Published: February 2021

Introduction.Trampoline gymnastics is a modern sport that has been included in
the program of the Olympic Games since 2000.
Constant improvement of the sports equipment, changes and innovations to the
international rules of competitions ensure the continuous development of the sport and
the wide world popularity of trampoline gymnastics.
Aim is to acknowledge the relationship between the modernization of sports
equipment and increasing of the difficulty score of competitive routines of athletes in
trampoline gymnastics.
Material and methods: theoretical analysis of scientific and methodical literature,
retrospective analysis of protocols of international competitions, video analysis,
methods of mathematical statistics.
Results. The conducted research allowed to determine the main models of
trampolines used at the international competitions in different historical periods; video
analysis revealed the basic elements which formed athletes' competitive routines in
1964-1972; retrospective analysis of protocols of international competitions permitted
to calculate the average, maximum and minimum difficulty scores of competitive
routines of leading athletes in trampoline gymnastics at the World Championships and
the World Cups from 1972 to 2020 and identify the interconnection between
modernization of the trampolines and increasing of the difficulty scores of competitive
routines of trampoline athletes in different historical periods of the sport development.
Conclusions. The led studies confirmed the interconnection between increasing
of numbers of high difficult elements and difficulty scores of competitive routines of
athletes and modernization of sports equipment in trampoline. According to the results
of the research, the average difficulty score of competitive routines of qualified athletes
raised from 0.2 to 0.5 points and maximum difficulty score from 0.1 to 0.7 points after
introduction of each new model of trampoline.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF COORDINATIVE ABILITIES OF 7-9 YEARS OLD SCHOOLCHILDREN AND THEIR COEVALS, WHO ARE SYSTEMATICALLY ENGAGED IN TAEKWONDO
Authors: Valentina Liashenko , Eugene Korzh , Tetyana Omelchenko , Natalia Petrova
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The formation of the health of schoolchildren and the full development of their body is one of the main problems in modern society. Determining effective methods of developing coordination skills in schoolchildren by means of martial arts in extracurricular forms of physical education is very important because there is a need to find and use effective methods aimed at developing physical, psychological and intellectual properties of primary school children.

Aim is to determine the differences in the level of development of coordination abilities of students who are systematically engaged in the taekwondo section in comparison with children who are engaged in the standard program.

Material and methods: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature sources and the Internet, questionnaires, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics.

Results. The sensitive period for the development of coordination skills is the age of 5-7 years. Age 7-11 years gives the second strongest effect of the development of these abilities. Thus, the coordination abilities of children of primary school age need purposeful development, and the main means for the education of coordination abilities are physical exercises of increased coordination complexity, which contain certain elements of novelty.

Conclusions. It is determined that children who do not go to out-of-school sports facilities experience excessive muscle tension. The results of untrained children and children-athletes showed the lag of the former in terms of the ability to arbitrarily relax muscles (25.98%). According to the results of a comparative analysis of the level of development of abilities to coordinate movements in children of primary school age, the following data were obtained: in children-athletes the average result is 21.92 ± 0.8s, while in children not trained - 30.19 ± 1.83 s, which indicates a low level of development of this coordination quality (p <0,05).
A Research on the Opinions of the School of Physical Education and Sports Students on the Video Assistant Referee System
Authors: Uluöz Eren
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of the students in Physical Education and Sports School (PES) about the Video Assistance Referee System (VAR). The research was carried out at Cukurova University. Descriptive survey model was used in the research. A total of 84 students (60 male, 24 female) with a mean age of 21,82±3,21 participated in the study. As a result, it can be seen that School of Physical Education and Sports students have not fully positive opinions about the VAR system like many sections of the sports public and that there is a need for further development of the practice. It can be considered that the referees should be more careful and fair in deciding the level of education and practices of the referees in order to increase the level of success of VAR system and to be accepted by all the stakeholders of football.
الإشارات القرآنيّة للعلوم الحديثيّة - دراسةٌ استقرائيّة تحليليّة
Authors: المخيال أحمد عبد الله عيد
Published: February 2021

أهداف البحث: يهدفُ البحث إلى ردّ أنواع علوم الحديث إلى دليلها الذي يقررها من كتاب الله U، وبيان التأصيل المنهجي عند المحدثين من القرآن الكريم، حيثُ دار موضوعه على جمع الأصول القرآنيّة الدّالّة على أنواع علوم الحديث في جانبيها: الروايةِ والدرايةِ، وتحليلها بالرّجوع إلى الكتب الحديثيّة المتخصصة. منهج الدراسة: اتّبع الباحث المنهج الاستقرائي، والمنهج التحليلي؛ لإنجاز أهداف الدراسة وغاياتها، فتتبع الباحث مواطن الآيات القرآنيّة الدالة على علوم الحديث من جانبي: الدراية والرواية، في كُتب علوم الحديث المؤلفةِ قديمًا وحديثًا، دون تكلّفٍ في جمعها وحرِصَ على ربطها مع النّوع الذي تتعلّق به من علوم الحديث وبيان دلالتها. النتائج: توصّل الباحث إلى نتائج علميّة من أبرزها: التأكّيد على متانة قواعد المحدثين وتأصيلها من رب العزّة، وتوضيح وجه من أوجه حفظ الله لدينه، وسنة نبيّه، وبيان تنوع دلالة القرآن الكريم على العلوم الحديثيّة إلى نوعين: دلالة صريحة، ودلالة استنباطيّة، والتأكيد على أنّ آية الحجرات هي العمدة في اشتراط العدالة في الرّواة. أصالة البحث: تكمن القيمة العلميّة في كونه أحد الموضوعات المهمة في العمل على تثبيت قواعد علوم الحديث ومصطلحه، ومن المؤمَّل أن تكون هذه الدراسة مرجعًا للمؤلفين، والمعلمين في مصطلح الحديث؛ لبيان التأصيل القرآني لأنواع علوم الحديث.
كتاب "التاو" الصيني المقدس، وترجماته العربية: مدخل تعريفي
Authors: زايد أحمد محمد
Published: February 2021

أهداف البحث: يهدف البحث إلى توجيه النظر إلى الدراسة المباشرة للكتب المقدسة غير الكتابية، بتناول أحد أهم الكتب المقدسة في الصين، وإبراز مركزها الفكري والعقدي في العالم، من خلال رؤية تحليلية لبعض متضمنات "كتاب التاو"، وترجماته العربية، حيث تناوله في دراسات غير أكاديمية أُناس ليسوا مختصين فدرسوه بتحيزات غير موضوعية، وهذه الدراسة تقوم بالتعريف بالكتاب وتقييم تلك الدراسات، ونقل ذلك كله إلى المجال الأكاديمي التخصصي. منهج البحث: يقوم البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي، من حيث تتبع ما يتعلق بالكتاب من ترجمات وشروح بالعربية، ثم المنهج الوصفي الذي يعرِّف بالكتاب، ثم المنهج التحليلي والنقدي المتعلق ببعض قضاياه وما كُتب حوله من دراسات. النتائج: أبرز البحث المكانة الدينية لكتاب "التاو"، وبيان مدى تأثيره في الحقل الديني العالمي، وضرورة توجه أنظار الباحثين إلى مزيد من دراسات حوله، وبيَّن أنَّنا في حاجة أكثر لدراسة ثقافة وأديان وتاريخ الصين؛ لاعتبارات عديدة منها: محاولة البحث في قضية النبوة والأنبياء والرسالات في هذه المنطقة، ثم لكون الصين حضارة كبيرة منافسة للعالم الإسلامي، ولعلنا بفهم هذه اللغة والثقافة والتاريخ والأديان نتمكن من التواصل الديني والحضاري مع هذه الحضارة الصاعدة والمنافسة. أصالة البحث: تظهر أصالة البحث في كونه أول بحث على المستوى الأكاديمي، يتناول هذا النص المقدس مباشرة باللغة العربية، وفي كونه معرِّفًا بكافة ما نُشر عنه بالعربية في السياق غير الأكاديمي. مع دراسة ومناقشة هذه الدراسات.
MARKETING MIX EFFECT ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON THE TOURISM IN TOMOHON CITY
Authors: Untu Victoria N. , Tielung Maria V.
Published: February 2021

Motivation/Background : Consumer satisfaction is very important for a tourist spot, because it determines the ability and level of profit it can achieve. Because it is necessary to pay attention to things that have the potential to affect consumer satisfaction, including the Marketing Mix. This study discusses the aspects of the marketing mix that affect consumer satisfaction at tourist attractions in the city of Tomohon. The aim is to determine the effect of the Marketing Mix on Customer Satisfaction. Marketing Mix (Marketing Mix) is a set of marketing tools that companies use to achieve goals in target markets. Marketing Mix includes variable Product (Product), Price (Price), Place (Place) and Promotion (Promotion). Consumer satisfaction is the feeling of pleasure or disappointment of a customer that arises after comparing perceptions of the performance of a product and its expectations.

Method: In this study, the data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and a list of questions given to consumers or guests on the object under study. The variables measured are the factors of the marketing mix including product (X1), price (X2), place (X3) and promotion (X4), and customer satisfaction (Y). The analytical method used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis.

Results: From the analysis results obtained the value of the coefficient of determination (r 2 ) of 0.889; which shows that the factors of the Marketing Mix have a contribution or proportion of the contribution to the variation (fluctuation) of Consumer Satisfaction by 88.9%, while the remaining 11.1% is explained by other factors.

Conclusions: From the research results, the value of the Correlation Coefficient (r) is 0.943 (94.3%) or close to 1 (100%), which indicates that there is a very close and positive relationship between the Marketing Mix and the Consumer Satisfaction.
CHARACTERIZATION OF HIPPOCAMPUS ON EPILEPTIC PATIENTS ON MRI USING TEXTURE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
Authors: Sayed Tasneem Abdulrazig Mohamed , Mohammed Fatima Yousif , Ahmed Maha Esmeal
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to characterize the hippocampus in Sudanese epileptic patients in MR images using image texture analysis techniques in order to differentiate hippocampus between the normal and epileptic patient. There were two groups of the patients were examined by using Signal-GE 1.5Tesla MR Scanner which was used with patients with known epilepsy and normal T1 weighted brain. MRI finding patients, 101 and 105 patients respectively examined in period from December 2017- March 2018, where the variables of the study were MRI images entered to the IDL program as input for further analysis, using window 3*3 the images texture was extracted from hippocampus (head, body and tail) that include, mean, STD, variance, energy, and entropy then the comparison was made to differentiate between the normal and abnormal hippocampus. The extracted feature classified using linear discriminate analysis. The classification score function is used to classify the hippocampus classes was as flows:

Epileptic= (.271×mean) + (.026×variance) + (7.475× Part) -32.134

Normal= (.240×mean) + (.052×variance) + (2.960× Part) -13.684

The study confirmed that it’s possible to differentiate between normal and epileptic hippocampus body, head, and tail in sagittal section texturally. The result showed that the classification result is best in the tail where higher classification accuracy will be achieved followed by body and then head.
EFFICACY OF CHITOSAN EXTRACTED FROM CRAB EXOSKELETONS (CALLINECTES AMNICOLA AND CARDISOMA ARMATUM) IN COMBINATION WITH PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA ON THE GROWTH AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE ON FERRALLITIC SOIL IN SOUTH BENIN
Authors: Mikpon Toussaint , Agbodjato Nadège A. , Nouvlessounon Durand Dah , Sina Haziz , Lehman Halfane , Ahoyo Nestor , Adjanohoun Adolphe , Moussa Lamine Baba
Published: February 2021

The objective of the study was to evaluate chitosans produced from the exoskeletons of water (Callinectes amnicola) and land (Cardisoma armatum) crabs for use in agriculture in Benin. Then, the effects of these chitosans were combined with Pseudomonas putida in order to see their synergistic effects on the growth and yield of maize seeds of the variety EVDT 97 STR C1 for 80 days. The experimental design was a block of 13 treatments with three (03) replicates. After 60 DAS in the field, application of the combination C. amicola + P. putida + 50% NPK and C. armatum + P. putida + 50% NPK showed the highest average heights. Plants treated with the combination of C. armatum + P. putida + 50% NPK and C. amnicola + 50% NPK gave the best corn grain yields with increases of 51.68% and 45.57% respectively. This study confirms that sources of chitosan from shellfish exoskeletons are available in Benin and shows the potential to use chitosan alone or in combination with Rhizobacteria as bio fertilizers to improve productivity and increase maize yield in Benin while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers.
EVAKUACIJA RATNE PRESTONICE SRBIJE – NIŠA 1915. GODINE
Authors: Antić Dejan
Published: February 2021

Od 25. jula 1914. do jeseni 1915. godine grad Niš je poneo ulogu nezvanične ratne prestonice Kraljevine Srbije. Ulaskom Kraljevine Bugarske u rat na strani Centralnih sila, srpska vlada, državno rukovodstvo, Narodna skupština, diplomatski kor i ostali organi vlasti smešteni u Nišu bili su direktno ugroženi od napada neprijateljskih snaga sa istoka, zbog čega je preduzeta njihova evakuacija. Koristeći se arhivskom građom, memoarima i relevantnom literaturom u radu se prikazuju tok i detalji evakuacije Niša iz septembra i oktobra 1915. godine. Posebna pažnja u istraživanjima posvećena je evakuisanju diplomatskog osoblja, državne arhive, inostranih sanitetskih misija i industrijskih postrojenja.
SUDBINA NASLEĐA RUSKE EMIGRACIJE U JUGOSLAVIJI 1944‒1945.
Authors: Živanović Milana
Published: February 2021

U članku se na osnovu arhivske građe, memoara i literature analizira sudbina nasleđa ruske emigracije u Jugoslaviji (muzeja, biblioteka, arhiva, školskih i zdravstvenih ustanova, kao i grobnih kompleksa) u periodu od 1944. do 1945. godine – po prelasku Crvene armije granica predratne Jugoslavije, oslobodilačkih operacija i dolaska na vlast Komunističke partije Jugoslavije. Ukazuje se na nejednoznačnost odnosa prema nasleđu ruske emigracije i različitu praksu.
ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY BY REGIONAL SIGN TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ECOLOGICAL COMPONENT
Authors: Shaposhnykov Kostiantyn , Pavelko Yuriy
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this work is to study the development of the national economy in recent years taking into account the environmental component. It is proved that providing conditions for long-term economic growth is the primary task of macroeconomy of any country. Unstable development of the national economy in recent decades accompanied by prolonged crises, as well as a slow path of reforming all spheres of life on the way to building a democratic society with a developed market economy cause constant attention of domestic scientists to this direction. Methodology. The results of environmental protection measures are classified, based on the practical use of modern economic and mathematical methods and models. Results. It is proved that when using these methods, the results of law enforcement measures can be divided into the following groups: in the conditions of positive rates of economic development, the volumes of atmospheric emissions of pollutants and carbon dioxide had a negative dynamics. This scenario of environmental and economic efficiency is the most desirable; positive growth rates of fresh water use are inferior to GDP growth rates, the rates of waste generation and water abstraction exceed the dynamics of GDP growth. This scenario is the least acceptable, as not only environmental damage is increasing in absolute terms, but environmental performance is also deteriorating. Practical implications. The period of 2015–2018 was chosen for research as it was characterized by the resumption of gradual economic growth in most sectors of the economy after the deep crisis of 2014. The available data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2019 has not currently contained complete information on volumes anthropogenic impact. The leaders of regional development in terms of GRP growth in 2015–2018 were Volyn (+ 5.72%), Kyiv (+ 5.66%) and Zhytomyr (+ 5.00%) regions. In contrast, the most depressed regions with negative economic growth rates were Donetsk (-1.86%), Luhansk (-0.84%) and Poltava (-0.51%) regions. In the latter region, the rate of population decline exceeded the increase in labor productivity, resulting in a decrease in performance. Value/originality of the work is the analysis of trends in the national economy taking into account the environmental component, which in contrast to the existing comes from modern experience of practical use of economic and mathematical methods, which allows to develop recommendations based on quantitative estimates.
Parameter Pos Observasi Hilal (POB) di Pondok Assalam Surakarta
Authors:   IAIN Lhokseumawe, Machzumy Machzumy
Published: February 2021

Pos Observasi Bulan Pondok Assalam Surakarta merupakan salah satu POB yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah sebagai lokasi pengamatan hilal. Namun penetapan ini sebagai salah satu POB perlu ditelaah lebih lanjut mengingat Pondok Assalam Surakarta berada di tengah-tengah perkotaan dan jauh dari tepi pantai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode field research dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketinggian hilal yang dapat diamati pada POB ini adalah hilal dengan ketinggian di atas 50, karena terhalang oleh gunung. Selain itu, POB Pondok Assalam Surakarta juga terkendala dengan polusi udara dan cahaya yang mencapai ketinggian 30.
Understanding the mechanisms of administrative burden through a within-case study of Medicaid expansion implementation
Authors: Camillo Cheryl A.
Published: February 2021

The importance of the administrative burden problem in public programs has been apparent during the COVID-19 crisis in the United States as millions of newly unemployed people have had to wait for unemployment checks and public health insurance benefits due to paperwork requirements, agency staff shortages, and outdated information technology systems. The resulting burdens have extended financial hardship, caused the coronavirus to spread, and eroded citizen and agency morale. Administrative burdens have long been known to be costly, yet remain fixtures of public benefit programs across the world. To reduce them, we need to understand their mechanisms. Formal policy solutions per se will not reduce administrative burdens because they do not exist solely by design. This article contributes to behavioral public administration by providing a comprehensive, empirical-driven theoretical framework for understanding the complex processes through which supply-side administrative burdens are instituted, modified, and eliminated. Using a retrospective within-case study method that utilizes participant observation, documentation, and archival records, the article traces the process by which a state eliminated administrative burdens in the process of implementing an initially straightforward expansion of Medicaid eligibility, thereby creating a model for simplifying and streamlining enrollment that was incorporated into the Affordable Care Act.
Regulatory Framework of the Conduct of Forensic Construction Examination
Authors: Revunov A. A.
Published: February 2021

This article addresses the pressing issue of reforming the system of regulation for construction activities. The author analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing opposing points of view: preserving the existing “rigid” system on the one hand, or its abolition – the transition to the “flexible” method of calculation justification of design decisions, on the other. The choice in favor of the second option will cause large-scale changes in the construction sector, hence – forensic construction activities. Such changes will undermine the entire forensic expertise institution because it will become impossible to comply with the basic principles of an expert’s work - scientific validity and reliability of conclusions. The author concludes that the current regulating system does not work not because of its shortcomings but for some other reasons: negligence in construction work conduct, non-compliance with the construction technology, lack of design documentation, and others. In order to improve the current situation concerning the regulation of forensic construction and technical examinations, the following measures have been proposed: revision and improvement of their methodological, theoretical, and legal foundations, in-depth analysis of the content of urban planning legislation from the point of view of requirements mandatory for application by a forensic expertbuilder, specifying the limits of an expert’s competence, the formation of unified algorithms and forms of presenting research, the development of sub-theories on the legal and organizational support of the nonstate forensic activity, the active involvement of research institutions and higher educational institutions in the conduct of expert examinations.
Types and Role of Drug Traces
Authors: Ivanova E. V.
Published: February 2021

The layering of narcotic drugs in expert practice is mainly investigated to classify the object as a controlled one or prove a crime subject’s connection with drugs. However, the existing methodological approaches do not allow to differentiate the mechanisms of layering. The article reviews the most common types of drug traces detected on objects in forensic research. They include traces characterizing the purpose of the object, traces of interaction of psychoactive substances with the human body, and drug use traces. The characteristics of the qualitative and quantitative composition of these types of layers are identified. The features of drug traces on the objects of legal circulation are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the significance of drug traces on the objects-carriers in investigating crimes is demonstrated.
A Simulation-Based Empathy Enhancement Program for Non-Medical Care Providers of Older Adults: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Han Areum , Kim Tae Hui
Published: February 2021

Objective Studies using simulation-based programs for empathy enhancement have been conducted mostly for health profession students and medical care providers in Western countries. No empirical research has been conducted for non-medical care providers of older adults in community settings in Asian countries. The purposes of this mixed-methods study were: to explore experiences and perceived usability of non-medical care providers of older adults in a simulation-based empathy enhancement program; and to examine if the program is effective in improving empathy and relevant outcomes.Methods 104 non-medical care providers of older adults in South Korea participated in a simulation-based empathy enhancement program in 2018. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires for effectiveness testing, a program evaluation questionnaire, and individual interviews and analyzed using statistical tests and thematic analysis.Results Care providers showed higher levels of empathy and lower levels of stress and burnout after the program participation (p<0.05). Qualitative findings supported the improved attitude and care strategies, increased empathy towards older adults, preparing for their own aging, and restoration of emotional stability through the participation in the program.Conclusion This study suggests that the simulation-based program is useful in promoting empathic responses of non-medical care providers working with older adults.
Digital Technology (DT) Usage of Preschool Teachers in Early Childhood Classrooms
Authors: KONCA Ahmet Sami , TANTEKİN ERDEN Feyza
Published: February 2021

This cross-sectional survey study aims to investigate preschool teachers’ usage of digital technologies (DT) in early childhood education. To investigate teachers’ use of DT, a questionnaire was completed by 167 preschool teachers from 52 different preschools. Besides, the Attitude Scale for Technological Tools and Materials Use in Preschool Education was completed by the teachers. The results of the study revealed that the classrooms were equipped with a variety of DT such as television, DVD, computer, and smartphone. Teachers tended to use television and computers in the classroom activities. Although the teachers had a positive attitude towards using DT in early childhood education, they used ICT on a limited scale. They mainly utilized these devices in order for the children to watch cartoon films and listen to music. Gender, teaching experience, and attitudes of teachers towards using ICT did not significantly predict their DT usage in their classroom activities. The results imply that though teachers had enough DT sources and positive attitude towards using those devices in their classroom activities, their DT usage was limited to few types of activities. For improving the quality of DT use in the classrooms by teachers, barriers to teachers’ successful technology integration in their classrooms should be determined.
Number Line Estimations, Place Value Understanding and Mathematics Achievement
Authors: SARI Mehmet Hayri , OLKUN Sinan
Published: February 2021

Current study investigated the relationships among mathematics achievement, place value understanding and number line estimations. We used a curriculum-based math achievement test (MAT, Mathematics Achievement Test), a place value test (PVT), and a mental number line estimation test (MNL) as the data collection tools. A total of 355 fourth graders participated in the study. They were recruited from schools located in middle-low socioeconomic areas of central Anatolia. Correlations were statistically significant among all these tests scores (MAT, PVT, MNL). The highest correlation was obtained between PVT and MAT scores. PVT have also stronger correlations with MNL (0-1000). The average scores of MAT and MNL tests were correlated inversely as expected. The correlations between mathematics achievement scores and MNL (0-1000) was highest. The three MNL tests alltogether have explained 40% of the variance in MAT. Similar to PVT, MNL (0-1000) alone accounted for 36% of the variance in MAT. Meanwhile, MNL (0-1000) (large numbers) contributed MAT more. PVT explained 70% of the variance in MAT. In all tests, PVT contributed more to MAT. Generally, boys did better in all MNL tests but only the result of MNL (0-1000) was significant favoring boys. We can conclude, based on these results that both approximate number acuity and place value understanding contribute to the general math achievement as well as each other. While the place value concept seems to be a representational tool that enhence the acuity of approximate numbers, the relative magnitudes of numbers support place value understanding conceptually.
ВИТАМИН D - СМЕНА ПАРАДИГМЫ
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр ", Громова Ольга Алексеевна ,   Информатика и управление",   РАН, Торшин Иван Юрьевич ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр "Информатика и управление" РАН
Published: February 2021

Описаны результаты комплексного анализа эффектов воздействия витамина D, который учитывает результаты эпидемиологических, клинических, биохимических, молекулярно-биологических исследований этого гормона-витамина. Анализ проведен с использованием современных информационных технологий для интеллектуального анализа биомедицинских данных, поиска релевантных научных публикаций, построения точных алгоритмов распознавания в задачах биоинформатики. В результате комплекс фундаментальных научных фактов относительно витамина D упорядочен в стройную систему, на основании которой сделаны неочевидные выводы, весьма важные для осознанного и эффективного использования препаратов витамина D как мощного и разностороннего инструмента клинической практики. Обсуждаются, в частности, нормы метаболитов витамина D в крови и вопросы дозирования препаратов витамина D. Данная монография будет интересна широкому кругу врачей-исследователей, прежде всего педиатрам, терапевтам, эндокринологам, акушерам-гинекологам, неврологам, геронтологам, специалистам по восстановительной и профилактической медицине.
Indigenous Women Social Entrepreneurship; Poverty Alleviation Tool Used by Development NGOs in Ghana
Authors: Amofah Seth
Published: February 2021

This research paper examines the role of Non-Government Organizations (NGO) in the use of indigenous women social entrepreneurship as a means of reducing poverty in Northern Ghana. The study focused on an Estonian NGO working in significantly poor-rural districts of Northern Ghana. The study employed case study design where face to face semi-structures interviews were used to gather data from local women entrepreneurs, NGO staff and local government officials. A sample of twenty-one (21) respondents was gathered purposefully to achieve the aim of the study. The study found out that, most poor communities in Northern Ghana are endowed with resources needed for production. What are however lacked are managerial training, financial and technical support as well as market access. Development NGOs connect indigenous resources such as raw materials, human capital and social capital together through provision of equipment and skills training to produce internationally certified products for both local and international market. The study found out that producing local products for international market increases the rate of poverty alleviation since many local people get involved and the financial returns is higher than producing for the local market. The study also identified the creation of new macro-micro international relations between the NGO’s home country and the indigenous communities. Keywords: Indigenous Social entrepreneurship, Women, Poverty alleviation, Development NGOs, Northern Ghana.
Design narrow-band frequency amplifier (1.5GHz -1.6GHz) based on InGaP Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) and GaAs HBT
Authors: Ballouk ABDO zouhair , Mofdi Fawaz , Ibrahim Salem
Published: February 2021

The research aims to design a narrow-band frequency drive amplifier (1.5GHz -1.6GHz), which is used to boost the transmitter amplifier's input signal or amplify the GPS, GlONASS signals at the L1 band.

The Power Amplifier printed circuit board (PCB) prototype was designed using InGaP HBT homogeneous technology transistor and GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) transistor. Two models have been compared; one of the models gave 16dB gain, and the other gave 23dB when using an input power signal (-15dBm). The PCB consumes 2.4W of power and has a physical dimension of 11 x 4 cm.