bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twentieth Canto
Authors: Ludovico Ariosto
Published: December 2024

1–3 Introductory.

4–64 Guidone tells the story of the tribe of warlike women.

65–105 Astolfo procures his companions’ escape from the warlike women.

106–144 Marfisa discomfits Pinabello and saddles Zerbin with an unwelcome companion.

In feats of arms, as in the cultivation of the...
Twenty-Third Canto
Authors: Ludovico Ariosto
Published: December 2024

1–3 Introductory.

3–24 Astolfo entrusts Rabican to Bradamant who takes the steed to Montauban.

25–38 Bradamant sends Frontino to Ruggiero but Rodomont intercepts the steed.

38–52 Gabrina accuses Zerbin of Pinabello’s death and he is led to execution.

53–95 Orlando rescues Zerbin, restores Isabel to...
Thirty-Fifth Canto
Authors: Ludovico Ariosto
Published: December 2024

1–2 Introductory.

3–9 In praise of Hippolytus of Este.

10–30 Poets praised as preservers from oblivion: the allegory of the birds of Lethe.

31–51 Bradamant overthrows Rodomont to rescue Fiordiligi’s beloved.

52–80 Bradamant overthrows three Saracens and challenges Ruggiero.

Who will ascend to heaven,...
Thirty-Seventh Canto
Authors: Ludovico Ariosto
Published: December 2024

1–24 On Woman and Fame.

25–122 Ruggiero, Bradamant and Marfisa hear of wicked Marganor, the woman-hater, and take vengeance upon him.

If those accomplished ladies who have striven night and day with the most diligent application to acquire some gift that Nature bestows only...
Thirty-Ninth Canto
Authors: Ludovico Ariosto
Published: December 2024

1–18 Agramant, deceived by a spell, breaks the truce and renews the war.

19–35 Astolfo frees Rodomont’s captives, who join him in besieging Bizerta.

35–65 Astolfo and his friends subdue Orlando and restore his wits.

66–86 Agramant deserted, his army routed, he embarks for Africa,...
Confessions
Authors: Norwood Richard
Published: December 2024

Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners of whom I am chief* Rich Norwood

I was born of christian parents and under them educated till about 15 years of age: In whom there was a severe Disposition and cariage towards me...
Photosynthetic responses to temperature across the tropics: a meta-analytic approach
Authors: Carter Kelsey R , Cavaleri Molly A , Atkin Owen K , Bahar Nur H A , Cheesman Alex W , Choury Zineb , Crous Kristine Y , Doughty Christopher E , Dusenge Mirindi E , Ely Kim S , Evans John R , Fonseca da Silva Jéssica , Mau Alida C , Medlyn Belinda E , Meir Patrick , Norby Richard J , Read Jennifer , Reed Sasha C , Reich Peter B , Rogers Alistair , Serbin Shawn P , Slot Martijn , Schwartz Elsa C , Tribuzy Edgard S , Uddling Johan , Vårhammar Angelica , Walker Anthony P , Winter Klaus , Wood Tana E , Wu Jin
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Tropical forests exchange more carbon dioxide (CO2) with the atmosphere than any other terrestrial biome. Yet, uncertainty in the projected carbon balance over the next century is roughly three-times greater for the tropics than other ecosystems. Our limited knowledge of tropical plant physiological responses, including photosynthetic, to climate change is a substantial source of uncertainty in our ability to forecast the global terrestrial carbon sink.

Methods

We used a meta-analytic approach, focusing on tropical photosynthetic temperature responses, to address this knowledge gap. Our dataset, gleaned from 18 independent studies, included leaf-level light saturated photosynthetic (Asat) temperature responses from 108 woody species, with additional temperature parameters (35 species) and rates (250 species) of both maximum rates of electron transport (Jmax) and Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax). We investigated how these parameters responded to mean annual temperature (MAT), temperature variability, aridity, and elevation, as well as also how responses differed among successional strategy, leaf habit, and light environment.

Key Results

Optimum temperatures for Asat (ToptA) and Jmax (ToptJ) increased with MAT but not for Vcmax (ToptV). Although photosynthetic rates were higher for “light” than “shaded” leaves, light conditions did not generate differences in temperature response parameters. ToptA did not differ with successional strategy, but early successional species had ~4 °C wider thermal niches than mid/late species. Semi-deciduous species had ~1 °C higher ToptA than broadleaf evergreen. Most global modeling efforts consider all tropical forests as a single “broadleaf evergreen” functional type, but our data show that tropical species with different leaf habits display distinct temperature responses that should be included in modeling efforts.

Conclusions

This novel research will inform modeling efforts to quantify tropical ecosystem carbon cycling and provide more accurate representations of how these key ecosystems will respond to altered temperature patterns in the face of climate warming.
Semaglutide and Postoperative Outcomes in Nondiabetic Patients Following Body-Contouring Surgery
Authors: Lewis Joshua E , Ghogomu Mbinui , Hickman Stanley J , Ashade Adedamola , Hollis Raven J , Lewis Jimmie E , Lee Wei-Chen
Published: December 2024

Background

Semaglutide is a medication for weight loss in obese patients. Recently, many plastic surgeons have recommended semaglutide following bariatric surgery to increase weight loss. However, postoperative complications such as wound dehiscence, delayed healing, and infection pose significant risks.

Objectives

In this study we aimed to examine the relationship between preoperative semaglutide and postoperative complications in nondiabetic obese patients undergoing body-contouring surgery. We hypothesized that semaglutide would increase the risk of postoperative complications.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study we utilized the TriNetX Research database. Nondiabetic patients who underwent body-contouring surgery between 2021 and 2024 after bariatric procedures were included. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts: Cohort A (4215 patients), which received semaglutide for ≥6 months before surgery, and Cohort B (104,927 patients), without semaglutide. Propensity score matching was employed to create comparable cohorts based on age, gender, race, and BMI. The primary outcomes included postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery.

Results

Significant differences were found between the cohorts. Semaglutide patients had higher rates of wound dehiscence (5.19% vs 2.78%, P < .0001); delayed wound healing (2.58% vs 1.21%, P < .0001); surgical site infections (5.37% vs 2.87%, P < .0001); nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (11.27% vs 5.34%, P < .0001); hypertrophic scar formation (5.53% vs 3.86%, P = .0011); and surgical site pain (6.05% vs 3.29%, P < .0001).

Conclusions

Preoperative semaglutide in nondiabetic patients undergoing body-contouring surgery following bariatric procedures is associated with higher rates of adverse postoperative outcomes. These findings highlight the need for enhanced preoperative counseling and surgical planning to minimize risks and improve patient outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
A hypercubic Mk model framework for capturing reversibility in disease, cancer, and evolutionary accumulation modelling
Authors: Johnston Iain G , Diaz-Uriarte Ramon
Published: December 2024

Motivation

Accumulation models, where a system progressively acquires binary features over time, are common in the study of cancer progression, evolutionary biology, and other fields. Many approaches have been developed to infer the accumulation pathways by which features (e.g. mutations) are acquired over time. However, most of these approaches do not support reversibility: the loss of a feature once it has been acquired (e.g. the clearing of a mutation from a tumor or population).

Results

Here, we demonstrate how the well-established Mk model from evolutionary biology, embedded on a hypercubic transition graph, can be used to infer the dynamics of accumulation processes, including the possibility of reversible transitions, from data which may be uncertain and cross-sectional, longitudinal, or phylogenetically/phylogenomically embedded. Positive and negative interactions between arbitrary sets of features (not limited to pairwise interactions) are supported. We demonstrate this approach with synthetic datasets and real data on bacterial drug resistance and cancer progression. While this implementation is limited in the number of features that can be considered, we discuss how this limitation may be relaxed to deal with larger systems.

Availability and implementation

The code implementing this setup in R is freely available at https://github.com/StochasticBiology/hypermk.
Surgical unit volume and reoperation for recurrence following total extraperitoneal groin hernia repairs: nationwide population-based register study
Authors: Widman Filippa , Bergström Mathias , Widhe Björn , Bringman Sven , Melkemichel Maria
Published: December 2024

Background

The quality of total extraperitoneal groin hernia repair and recurrence rates are influenced by various factors, potentially including the annual surgical unit volume of repairs. The precise nature of this relationship remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of surgical unit volume on reoperation rates for recurrence following total extraperitoneal groin hernia repair.

Methods

This observational nationwide population-based study utilized prospectively collected data from the Swedish Hernia Register. Patients aged 15 years old or older who underwent a total extraperitoneal groin hernia repair from 1 January 2015 to 31 August 2019 were eligible. Follow-up time was until 31 August 2022. Surgical units were grouped into low-volume (fewer than 12 repairs per year), low–medium-volume (12–50 repairs per year), medium–high-volume (greater than 50–150 repairs per year), and high-volume (greater than 150 repairs per year) units. The primary outcome was reoperation for recurrence. The secondary outcome was postoperative complications.

Results

A total of 20 656 elective total extraperitoneal groin hernia repairs were included across 75 surgical units. The reoperation rate for recurrence was higher in all three lower-volume groups (low-volume, 5.3%; low–medium-volume, 3.8%; and medium–high-volume, 3.5%) compared with the high-volume group (2.9%). Adjusted multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed a statistically significant increased HR for reoperation for recurrence in the low-volume group (1.87 (95% c.i. 1.31 to 2.67)) and the low–medium-volume group (1.32 (95% c.i. 1.07 to 1.62)) compared with the high-volume group. No difference was seen between the groups regarding the risk of postoperative complications.

Conclusion

The risk of reoperation for recurrence following total extraperitoneal groin hernia repair is significantly increased in surgical units that perform fewer than 51 repairs per year. The findings may influence guidelines on required annual surgical unit volume to improve patient outcomes following total extraperitoneal groin hernia repair.
Invasive Fungal Disease in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in China: A Multicenter Epidemiological Study (CAESAR 2.0)
Authors: Li Chuan , Zhu Dan-Ping , Chen Jia , Zhu Xiao-Yu , Li Nai-Nong , Cao Wei-Jie , Zhang Zhong-Ming , Tan Ye-Hui , Hu Xiao-Xia , Yuan Hai-Long , Fang Xiao-Sheng , Yin Yue , Wang Hong-Tao , Li Nan , Huang Xiao-Jun , Sun Yu-Qian
Published: December 2024

Background

This study (China Assessment of Antifungal Therapy in Hematological Diseases [CAESAR 2.0]) aimed to provide updated epidemiological data on invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

Methods

This multicenter, real-world, observational study was conducted at 12 allo-HSCT centers in China between January and December 2021. Consecutive adult patients (aged ≥18 years) who underwent allo-HSCT with antifungal prophylaxis were included. IFD was diagnosed according to the 2019 criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG). Follow-up was completed by 31 December 2022.

Results

A total of 2015 patients were included. Mold-active antifungal prophylaxis was used in 76.08%, most of whom received voriconazole (44.37%) or posaconazole (31.71%). The cumulative incidence of IFD (proven or probable) 1 year after allo-HSCT was 6.3%. Pathogens were identified in 47.97% of IFD cases and mainly included Candida spp. (17.89%), Mucorales (13.01%), Aspergillus spp. (8.94%), and Pneumocystis jirovecii (6.5%). Multivariate analysis identified the following factors associated with IFD: disease at advanced stage (hazard ratio, 2.55 [95% confidence interval, 1.58–4.12]; P < .001), absolute neutrophil count engraftment (≤28 days) (0.37 [15–.92]; P = .03), platelet engraftment (≤28 days) (0.41 [.27–.62]; P < .001), and acute graft-vs-host disease grade III–IV (2.97 [1.97–4.49]; P < .001). The IFD-attributable mortality rate was 48.28%.

Conclusions

Despite the widespread use of mold-active prophylaxis, the risk of IFD after allo-HSCT remains high. The most common pathogens are Candida spp., Mucorales, Aspergillus spp., and P. jirovecii.
Climate Change Mitigation Policies: Aggregate and Distributional Effects
Authors: Calvacanti Tiago , Hasna Zeina , Santos Cezar
Published: December 2024

We evaluate the aggregate and distributional effects of climate change mitigation policies using a multi-sector equilibrium model with intersectoral input-output linkages and worker heterogeneity, calibrated to various countries. Carbon taxes induce changes in relative prices and input reallocation, notably in labor. In the United States, achieving its Paris Agreement commitment results in, at most, a 0.8% reduction in output, unevenly affecting different sectors and individuals. Some workers in dirty energy sectors, forming less than 2% of the labor force, endure welfare losses six times larger than others. China, reliant on high-carbon energy, experiences larger economic effects from an identical emission reduction.
Molecular Insights into TT2-Type MYB Regulators Illuminate the Complexity of Floral Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Freesia hybrida
Authors: Shan Xiaotong , Zhuang Deyu , Gao Ruifang , Qiu Meng , Zhou Liudi , Zhang Jia , Wang Yanan , Zhang Qi , Zhai Niu , Xu Guoyun , Wang Li , Li Yueqing , Gao Xiang
Published: December 2024

Proanthocyanidins (PAs), anthocyanins, and flavonols are key flavonoids that play diverse roles in plant physiology and human health. Despite originating from a shared biosynthetic pathway, the regulatory mechanisms of PA biosynthesis and the cooperative regulation of different kinds of flavonoids remain elusive, particularly in flower tissues or organs. Here, we elucidated the regulatory network governing PA biosynthesis in Freesia hybrida ‘Red River®’ by characterizing four TT2-type MYB transcription factors, designated FhMYBPAs. Phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization, and transactivation assays predicted their roles as PA-related activators. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between FhMYBPAs and PA accumulation in various floral tissues and development stages. Functional studies demonstrated that FhMYBPAs activated PA biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoters of target genes, which can be enhanced by FhTT8L. Additionally, a hierarchical and feedback regulatory model involving FhTTG1, FhMYB27, and FhMYBx was proposed for PA biosynthesis. Furthermore, comparative analysis of flavonoid-related MYB factors involving FhPAP1, FhMYB5, FhMYBF1 and FhMYB21L2 highlighted their roles in regulating PA, anthocyanin, and flavonol biosynthesis, with some exhibiting versatile regulations. Overall, our findings provide insights into the spatio-temporal regulation of flavonoids in flowers and expand our understanding of MYB-mediated transcriptional regulation of specialized metabolites in plants.
Mere Puffery or Convincing Claims? Rebel News and Civilian Perceptions of the Balance of Power
Authors: Lucas Caleb
Published: December 2024

How does rebel news affect the way civilians perceive the balance of power during conflict? While media campaigns are a common tactic during conflict for both insurgents and governments, there is very little empirical research that explores their effect on civilians. I argue that these campaigns play an important role in the construction of a rebel group’s reputation during conflict and the perception of their organization among non-combatants. This is because civilians suffer from an information disadvantage and struggle to accurately gauge the relative strength of actors in the conflict. I exploit the plausibly random introduction of the Taliban’s official radio station in Kabul during May 2018 to test the effect of rebel news on civilian attitudes. NATO’s Afghanistan Nationwide Quarterly Assessment Research survey happened to field a wave directly before and after this event. I use difference-in-differences to estimate the effect of exposure to the Taliban’s news and demonstrate that it increased perceptions of the group’s strength. This finding has important implications for the study of civilian attitude formation and support during conflict.
Quantitative detection of the maize phytocytokine Zip1 utilizing ELISA
Authors: Koenig Maurice , Sorger Zarah , Keh Shania Pin Yin , Doehlemann Gunther , Misas Villamil Johana C
Published: December 2024

Plant signaling peptides, also known as phytocytokines, play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication during plant development and immunity. The detection of small peptides in plant tissues is challenging and often relies on time-consuming and cost-intensive approaches. Here, we present an ELISA-based assay as a rapid and cost-effective method for the detection of naturally released peptides in plant tissues. Our ELISA-based method was developed to detect Zip1, a 17-amino-acid phytocytokine derived from Zea mays that elicits salicylic acid signaling in maize leaves. Using a custom peptide-antibody, we designed an experimental pipeline to achieve peptide specificity, selectivity, and sensitivity allowing the detection of the Zip1 peptide in complex biological samples. As a proof of concept, we first overexpressed the precursor molecule PROZIP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana and in transfected maize protoplasts and monitored the release of Zip1-containing peptides. In a second approach we treated maize leaves with salicylic acid to induce native PROZIP1 expression and processing. Using ELISA, we were able to quantify native Zip1 signals with a detection limit in the nanogram range, which allowed us to detect different Zip1-containing peptides in plant material. This method can be adapted for the detection and quantification of a variety of plant signaling peptides.
Approachable, Agile, and Precise Spatial Biology with the CellScape Platform
Authors: Schwarz J Spencer , Jimenez-Sanchez Daniel , Ingalls Matthew H , Lott Steven T , Cashion Kayla , Jackson Charles , Christians Arne , Silverman Jennifer A , Berigan Benton , Campbell Thomas D , Braubach Oliver
Published: December 2024

Understanding the spatial distribution of key cell populations is critical in advancing biomedical research and the development of novel therapeutics. Highly multiplexed biomarker analysis is achieved with single-cell spatial context on the CellScape, a microscopy platform that enables quantitative spatial phenotyping of entire tissue sections mounted on standard histology slides. Leveraging high-resolution, high dynamic range imaging, and automated reagent delivery, the CellScape represents an attractive platform for spatial biology researchers from discovery to translation.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of colonization and infection by yeast species in solid organ transplant recipients: Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility patterns of isolates
Authors: Yazdanpanah Somayeh , Shafiekhani Mojtaba , Ahmadi Mohammad , Zare Zahra , Nikoupour Hamed , Arabsheybani Sara , Geramizadeh Bita , Anbardar Mohammad-Hossein , Chamanpara Parisa , Badali Hamid , Moghadami Mohsen , Pakshir Keyvan , Zomorodian Kamiar
Published: December 2024

Fungal infections are serious complications after solid organ transplantation, with high mortality and morbidity. Given the importance of the local epidemiological data and also extensive prophylactic regimens in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, this study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and resistance patterns of yeast isolates in SOT recipients at a main referral transplant center in Iran. Of the 275 recipients enrolled, 22 (8%) had at least one positive yeast culture at a median of 5 days after transplantation. Bacterial infection and reoperation were significantly associated with colonization or infection caused by yeast species (P = .001). Moreover, mortality and length of ICU/hospital stay were significantly higher in patients with positive yeast cultures (P < .05). The most frequent species isolated was Candida albicans (50%), followed by C. glabrata (22.7%). Of species with definite breakpoints, the fluconazole-resistant rate was 23%. Caspofungin and amphotericin B showed potent activity against all isolates. Regarding the high risk of fungal infections, awareness of local epidemiological trends and resistance patterns can help improve outcomes in SOT recipients.
A Letter Concerning Toleration
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

To The Reader.*

The Ensuing Letter concerning Toleration, first Printed
in Latin this very Year, in Holland, has already been
Translated both into Dutch and French.*
So general and speedy an Approbation may therefore...
The Compleat Angler
Authors: Walton Izaak , Cotton Charles
Published: December 2024

A unique celebration of the English countryside and the most famous book on angling ever published, Walton’s Compleat Angler first appeared in 1653. In 1676, at Walton’s invitation, his friend Charles Cotton contributed his pioneering exploration of fly-fishing. The book is both a manual of instruction and a vision of society in harmony with nature. It guides the novice fisherman on how to catch and cook a variety of fish, on how to select and prepare the best bait and make artificial flies, and on the habits of freshwater fish. It also promotes angling as a communal activity in which the bonds of friendship are forged through shared experience of the natural world.

Anecdotes, poetry, music, and song intersperse the rural descriptions, which promote conservation as well as sport. This new edition highlights the book’s continuing relevance to our relationship with the environment, and explores the turbulent history from which it came.
TO the Right worshipful JOHN OFFLEY of Madely Manor in the County of Stafford , Esq; My most honoured Friend.
Authors: Walton Izaak , Cotton Charles
Published: December 2024

SIR,

I have made so ill use of your former favours, as by them to be encouraged to intreat that they may be enlarged to the Patronage and protection of this Book; and I have put on a modest confidence,...
To all Readers of this Discourse, but especially to the honest ANGLER.
Authors: Walton Izaak , Cotton Charles
Published: December 2024

I think fit to tell thee these following truths, That I did neither undertake, nor write, nor publish, and much less own, this Discourse to please my self: and having been too easily drawn to do all...
The Compleat Angler, or, The Contemplative Man’s Recreation.
Authors: Walton Izaak , Cotton Charles
Published: December 2024

A Conference betwixt an Angler, a Faulkner, and a Hunter, each commending his Recreation.

*

You are well overtaken, Gentlemen, a good morning to you both; I have stretched my legs up Tottenham-hill to overtake you, hoping...
The Compleat Angler; or, The Contemplative Man’s Recreation.
Authors: Walton Izaak , Cotton Charles
Published: December 2024

PiscatorJunior & Viator*

You are happily overtaken Sir; may a man be so bold as to enquire how far you travel this way?

Yes sure Sir very freely; though it be a question I cannot very well resolve you; as not knowing...
Wherein the old Thug ends his tale
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

‘“I thought I should have died, my son,’ said my father at length;‘and see what a black heart that villain must have to treat an old man after that fashion. My curses on him and his! he will prosper awhile, but judgement for this and...
Chapter X
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

Sleep you or wake you, Lady bright,
 Sing Megan oh, sing Megan ee!
Now is the fittest time for flight,
 And thy lover waits to set thee free.

Old Song

I heard the Bhutteara bustling about in the interior of his house for...
Chapter XI
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

sir ralph. What! hath he been caught?

boy. Ay, sir, as easily as a gudgeon; for when I offered the bait, he
never thought about it, but swallowed it incontinently.

Old Play

We were on our way towards Nirmul in the afternoon, and as...
Ameer Ali’s arrival at Hyderabad
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

We passed the village of Ulwal, its white pagoda peeping from among groves of tamarind and mango trees, and its large tank now glistening in the rays of the sun; and pursuing our way, we saw, on passing a ridge of rocks, the camp...
Chapter XVIII
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

lear. Dost thou know me, fellow?

kent. No, sir; but you have that in your countenance which I would fain call
master.

King Lear, Act I, scene iv

Although the mind would ordinarily reject sympathy with the joys or sorrows of a murderer like...
Conclusion
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

pistol. Trust none,

 For oaths are straws, men’s faiths are wafer-cakes,

 And Hold-fast is the only dog, my duck:

 Therefore Caveto be thy counsellor!

Henry V, Act II, scene ii

Saugor, I have said, lay directly in our route, and we reached a village...
Mademoiselle Fifi and Other Stories
Authors: Maupassant Guy de
Published: December 2024

Maupassant believed that we delude ourselves into believing that we are not animals acting upon instinct
but rational creatures capable of idealistic beliefs and actions and survive only on the drug of
self-deception. Maupassant's disgust with creation was only equalled by his contempt for human
hypocrisy, and in these tales he takes a scalpel to our illusions and cuts to the bone. But his clinical
pessimism is redeemed by a sense of the absurd and a warmer compassion for 'humanity bleeding'.
Unsentimental but always honest, he persuades us that life is an incomprehensible, cosmic farce. This
translation of twenty tales shows Maupassant at his bitter, bawdy, chilling best. It features some of
his grimmest and most famous stories such as A Vendetta and The Grove of
Olives, and it also reflects both his moods and his mastery of the short story. The
Little Keg is rich in comic invention, while the disturbing Who Can Tell?
draws its power from the strange forces which drove its author into madness.
The Model
Authors: de Maupassant Guy
Published: December 2024

Curved like a crescent moon, the little town of Étretat, with its white cliffs, white pebbly beach, and blue sea, basked in the bright sunshine of a hot July day. Both horns of the crescent ended in natural arches of eroded rock which jutted...
The Dowry
Authors: de Maupassant Guy
Published: December 2024

No one was surprised when lawyer Simon Lebrument married Mademoiselle Jeanne Cordier.
Lawyer Lebrument had just bought the practice of the notary, Monsieur Papillon. Now that
took money, and Mademoiselle Jeanne Cordier was rich to the tune of 300,000 francs in
cash and bearer-bonds.

Monsieur...
Who Can Tell?
Authors: de Maupassant Guy
Published: December 2024

I

Praise be! I have at long last decided to set down on paper what has been happening to me! But shall I be able to see it through? Have I the courage? The whole thing is too weird, too inexplicable, too incomprehensible and too...
Scouting for Boys
Authors: Baden-Powell Robert
Published: December 2024

An amalgam of imperial myth, borrowed tips on health and hygiene, and object lessons in woodcraft, the
1908 text of Robert Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys is the original blueprint and
‘self-instructor’ of the Boy Scout Movement. One of the all-time bestsellers in the English-speaking
world, this primer of ‘yarns and pictures’ constitutes probably the most influential manual for youth
ever published. Yet the book is at the same time a roughly composed hodge-podge of jingoist lore and
tracker legend, padded with lengthy quotations from adventure fiction and Baden-Powell's own
autobiography, and seamed through with the multiple anxieties of its time: fears of degeneration,
concerns about masculinity and self-restraint, and invasion paranoia.

Elleke Boehmer's edition of Scouting for Boys reprints the original text and
illustrations, and her fine introduction investigates a book that has been cited as an authority by
militarists and pacifists, capitalists and environmentalists alike.
Patriotism;
Authors: Shakespeare William
Published: December 2024

CAMP FIRE YARN. — No. 26

Our Empire

 

Hints to Instructors

The use of a large Map of the Empire is very desirable for
illustrating this. The Arnold-Forster*
or the Navy League or the League of...
The History of the Rebellion
Authors: Hyde Edward, Earl of Clarendon
Published: December 2024

Clarendon’s massive History has since its first publication in 1702-4 dominated our images of the English Civil War. Written by a man who for over a quarter of a century was one of the closest advisers to Charles I and Charles II, it contains a remarkably frank account of the inadequacies of royalist policy-making as well as an astute analysis of the principles and practice of government. Clarendon chronicles in absorbing detail the factions and intrigues, the rise of Cromwell and the death of Charles I, the bloody battles and the eventual Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 after the Interregnum. He brings to life the key players in a series of brilliant character portraits, and his account is admired as much for its literary quality as its historical value. This new selection conveys a strong sense of the narrative, and contains passages from Clarendon’s autobiography, The Life, including the important description of the intellectual coterie at Great Tew in the 1630s.
Cromwell, the Army, and the Independents
Authors: Hyde Edward , Clarendon Earl of
Published: December 2024

While in the custody of the Scottish army Charles continued to negotiate with the Scots and the English. But while he refused to accept the replacement of episcopacy in England there was little prospect of agreement, and his principal aim was to sow discord between...
George Eagles
Authors: King John N.
Published: December 2024

The story and death of George Eagles, otherwise termed Trudgeover, a most painful travailer in Christ’s gospel, who for the same gospel most cruelly was martyred by the cruel papists.

Among other martyrs of singular virtue and constancy, one George Eagles deserveth not the least...
Of Power.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. The Mind, being every day informed, by the Senses, of the alteration of those simple Ideas, it observes in things without; and taking notice how one comes to an end, and ceases to be, and another begins to exist,...
Of Identity and Diversity.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Another occasion, the mind often takes of comparing, is the very Being of things, when considering any thing as existing at any determin’d time and place, we compare it with it self existing at another time, and thereon form the ...
Of Real and Fantastical Ideas.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Besides what we have already mentioned, concerning Ideas, other Considerations belong to them, in reference to things from whence they are taken, or which they may be supposed to represent; and thus, I think, they may come under a...
Of the Names of simple Ideas.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Though all Words, as I have shewn, signify nothing immediately, but the Ideas in the Mind of the Speaker; yet upon a nearer survey, we shall find that the Names of simple Ideas, mixed Modes,...
Of the Names of mixed Modes and Relations.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. The Names of mixed Modes being general, they stand, as has been shewn, for sorts or Species of Things, each of which has its peculiar Essence. The Essences of these Species also, as has been shewed, are nothing but the abstract...
Of Abstract and Concrete Terms.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. The ordinary Words of Language, and our common use of them, would have given us light into the nature of our Ideas, if they had been but considered with attention. The Mind, as has been shewn, has a power...
Of the Extent of Humane Knowledge.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Knowledge, as has been said, lying in the Perception of the Agreement, or Disagreement, of any of our Ideas, it follows from hence, That,

First, We can have Knowledge no farther than we have Ideas.

First, No farther than...
Of our Knowledge of Existence.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Hitherto we have only considered the Essences of Things, which being only abstract Ideas, and thereby removed in our Thoughts from particular Existence, (that being the proper Operation of the Mind, in Abstraction, to consider an Idea...
Of our Knowledge of the Existence of other Things.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. The Knowledge of our own Being, we have by intuition. The Existence of a GOD, Reason clearly makes known to us, as has been shewn.

Is to be had only by Sensation.

The Knowledge of the Existence of any other thing...
Wherein is continued the narration of our knight’s misfortune.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

But finding that he was really not able to stir, he bethought himself of having recourse to his usual remedy, which was to recollect some passage of his books; and his frenzy instantly presented to his remembrance that of Valdovinos and the Marquess of...
Wherein is concluded, and an end put to the stupendous battle between the vigorous Biscainer and the valiant Manchegan.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

In the first part of this history* we left the valiant Biscainer and the renowned Don Quixote with their swords lifted up and naked, ready to discharge two such furious and cleaving strokes, as must, if they had lighted full, at least...
What a certain goatherd related to those who were with Don Quixote.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

While this passed, there came another of those young lads, who brought them their provisions from the village, and said:

‘Comrades, do you know what passes in the village?*’

‘How should we know?’ answered one of them.

‘Know then,’ continued the youth, ‘that...
Wherein are rehearsed the despairing verses of the deceased shepherd, with other unexpected events.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Chrysostom’S Song
Of what befell the renowned Don Quixote in the Sierra Morena , being one of the most curious and uncommon adventures of any related in this faithful history .
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Quixote, finding himself so ill treated, said to his squire:

‘Sancho, I have always heard it said, that to do good to low fellows is to throw water into the sea. Had I believed what you said to me, I might have prevented...
Which treats of the strange things that befell the valiant knight of La Mancha in the Sierra Morena; and how he imitated the penance of Beltenebros.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Quixote took his leave of the goatherd, and mounting again on Rosinante, commanded Sancho to follow him; which he did, with a very ill will. They jogged on softly, entering into the most craggy part of the mountain; and Sancho was ready to...
Of the relishing conversation which passed between Don Quixote and his squire Sancho Panza, with other incidents.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

‘All this does not displease me; go on,’ said Don Quixote. ‘You arrived; and what was that queen of beauty doing? Without doubt, you found her stringing pearls, or embroidering some device with threads of gold for this her captive knight.’

‘No, I did...
In which is recited ‘The Novel of the Curious Impertinent’.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

In Florence, a rich and famous city of Italy, in the province called Tuscany, lived Anselmo and Lothario, two gentlemen of fortune and quality, and such great friends that all who knew them styled them, by way of eminence and distinction, ‘the...
Wherein the captive relates his life and adventures.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

‘In a certain town, in the mountains of Leon, my lineage had its beginning; to which nature was more kind and liberal than fortune; though amidst the penury of those parts my father passed for a rich man, and really would have been...
In which is continued the history of the captive.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Sonnet
Which treats of the agreeable history of the young muleteer; with other strange accidents that happened in the inn.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Song
In which the dispute concerning Mambrino’s helmet and the pannel is decided; with other adventures that really and truly happened.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

‘Pray, gentlemen,’ quoth the barber, ‘what is your opinion of what these gentlefolks affirm; for they persist in it, that this is no basin but a helmet?’

‘And whoever shall affirm the contrary,’ said Don Quixote, ‘I will make him know, if he...
Of the quarrel between Don Quixote and the goatherd, with the rare adventure of the disciplinants, which he happily accomplished with the sweat of his brow.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The goatherd’s tale gave a general pleasure to all that heard it, especially to the canon, who, with an unusual curiosity, took notice of his manner of telling it, in which he discovered more of the polite courtier, than of the rude goatherd; and...
Of the pleasant conversation which passed between Don Quixote, Sancho Panza, and the bachelor Sampson Carrasco.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Quixote remained over and above thoughtful, expecting the coming of the bachelor Carrasco, from whom he hoped to hear some accounts of himself, printed in a book, as Sancho had told him; and could not persuade himself, that such a history could be...
Wherein Sancho Panza answers the bachelor Sampson Carrasco’s doubts and questions; with other incidents worthy to be known and recited
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Sancho came back to Don Quixote’s house, and, resuming the former discourse, in answer to what the bachelor Sampson Carrasco desired to be informed of, namely, by whom, when, and how the ass was stolen, he said:

‘That very night, when, flying from the Holy...
Wherein is related the adventure of the enamoured shepherd, with other truly pleasant accidents.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Quixote was got but a little way from Don Diego’s village, when he overtook two persons like ecclesiastics or scholars, and two country fellows, all four mounted upon asses. One of the scholars carried behind him, wrapped up in green buckram like a...
Wherein is related the grand adventure of the cave of Montesinos, lying in the heart of La Mancha, to which the valorous Don Quixote gave a happy conclusion.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The new-married couple made exceeding much of Don Quixote, being obliged by the readiness he had shown in defending their cause: and they esteemed his discretion in equal degree with his valour, accounting him a Cid in arms, and a Cicero in eloquence. Three...
Of the instructions Don Quixote gave Sancho Panza, before he went to govern the island, with other matters well considered.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The duke and duchess were so satisfied with the happy and glorious success of the adventure of the Afflicted [One], that they resolved to carry the jest still further, seeing how fit a subject they had to pass it on for earnest: and so,...
Of the second instructions Don Quixote gave Sancho Panza.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Who that had heard the foregoing discourse of Don Quixote’s, but would have taken him for a prudent and intelligent person? But, as it has been often said in the progress of this grand history, he talked foolishly only when chivalry was the subject,...
Of the prodigious and never-seen battle between Don Quixote de la Mancha and the lackey Tosilos, in defence of the duenna Doña Rodriguez’s daughter.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The duke and the duchess repented not of the jest put upon Sancho Panza, in relation to the government they had given him; especially since their steward came home that very day, and gave them a punctual relation of almost all the words and...
Wherein is related an extraordinary accident, which befell Don Quixote, and which may pass for an adventure.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The dust and weariness Don Quixote and Sancho underwent through the rude encounter of the bulls, were relieved by a clear and limpid fountain they met with in a cool grove; on the brink whereof, leaving Dapple and Rosinante free, without halter or bridle,...
Of what befell Don Quixote in his way to Barcelona.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The morning was cool, and the day promised to be so too, when Don Quixote left the inn, first informing himself which was the directest road to Barcelona, without touching at Saragossa; so great was his desire to give the lie to that new...
Which treats of the adventure of the enchanted head, with other trifles that must not be omitted.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Quixote’s host was called Don Antonio Moreno, a rich and discreet gentleman, and a lover of mirth in a decent and civil way. And so, having Don Quixote in his house, he began to contrive methods, how, without prejudice to his guest, he...
Treating of the adventure which gave Don Quixote more sorrow than any which had hitherto befallen him.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The history relates, that the wife of Don Antonio Moreno took a great deal of pleasure in seeing Anna Felix in her house. She gave her a kind welcome, enamoured as well of her beauty as of her discretion; for the Morisca excelled in...
In which an account is given who the Knight of the White Moon was; with the liberty of Don Gregorio, and other accidents.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Antonio Moreno followed the Knight of the White Moon. A great number of boys also pursued and persecuted him, till they had lodged him in an inn within the city. Don Antonio went in after him, being desirous to know who he was....
How Don Quixote fell sick, made his will, and died.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

As all human things, especially the lives of men, are transitory, incessantly declining from their beginning till they arrive at their final period; and as that of Don Quixote had no peculiar privilege from heaven to exempt it from the common fate, his end...
The History of the Nun;
Authors: Behn Aphra
Published: December 2024

The Fair Vow-Breaker*

To the most illustrious princess, the Duchess of Mazarine.*

Madam, there are none of an illustrious quality who have not been made by some poet or other the patronesses of his distressed hero or unfortunate damsel, and such addresses are...
The Unfortunate Bride;
Authors: Behn Aphra
Published: December 2024

The Blind Lady a Beauty*

Frankwit and Wildvill were two young gentlemen of very considerable fortunes, both born in Staffordshire, and during their minority both educated together, by which opportunity they contracted a very inviolable friendship, a friendship which grew up with them, and...
The Princesse de Clèves
Authors: de Lafayette Madame
Published: December 2024

Publisher’s Note to the Reader

Much as this story has been applauded by those who have read it so far, the author has not felt able to declare his identity; he was afraid that his name might diminish the success of his book. He...
The Adventures of Master F.J . (1573)
Authors: Gascoigne George
Published: December 2024

A discourse of the adventures passed by Master F.J.

H.W. To the Reader

IN August last passed my familiar friend Master G.T. bestowed upon me the reading of a written book, wherein he had collected diverse discourses and verses invented upon sundry occasions by...
The Unfortunate Traveller (1594)
Authors: Nashe Thomas
Published: December 2024

The Unfortunate Traveller; or, The Life of Jack Wilton. Qui audiunt audita dicunt.* Tho. Nashe.

To the Right Honourable Lord Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton and Baron of Tichfield.*

Ingenuous, honourable lord, I know not what blind custom methodical...
Of Love and Self-Love
Authors: Vickers Brian
Published: December 2024

[The ambassadors of Philautia to Erophilus present their arguments to Erophilus’ squire, before the Queen.]

The Squire’s Speech in the Tiltyard

‘Most excellent and most glorious Queen, give me leave, I beseech your Majesty, to offer my master his° complaint and petition; complaint...
A Confession of Faith
Authors: Vickers Brian
Published: December 2024

I believe that nothing is without beginning but God; no nature, no matter, no spirit,° but one only and the same God. That God as he is eternally almighty, only wise, only good, in his nature, so he is eternally Father,...
The Third Eclogues
Authors: Sidney Sir Philip
Published: December 2024

Lalus, not with many painted words, nor false-hearted promises, had won the consent of his beloved Kala, but with a true and simple making her know he loved her; not forcing himself beyond his reach to buy her affection, but giving her such pretty...
How the Romans Made Use of Religion to Reorganize Their City, to Carry Out Their Enterprises, and to Quell Disturbances
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

I do not think it beside the point to set forth some examples in which the Romans employed religion to reorganize their city and to carry out their enterprises, and although there are many of them in Livy, I nevertheless wish to be satisfied with...
A People Accustomed to Living Under a Prince Maintains Its Freedom With Difficulty If, by Some Accident, It Becomes Free
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

How difficult it is for a people accustomed to living under a prince to preserve its freedom if, by some accident, it has acquired freedom, as the Romans did once they drove out the Tarquins, is demonstrated by countless examples that can be read in...
How Much Blame a Prince or a Republic Which Lacks Its Own Armed Forces Deserves
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

Contemporary princes and modern republics who lack their own troops for either defence or offence should be ashamed of themselves, and they should consider, on the basis of Tullus’ example,* that such a defect is due not to a lack of...
Men Very Rarely Know How to Be Entirely Good or Entirely Bad
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

When he went to Bologna in 1505 to expel from that state the Bentivogli family which had held the principality of that city for a hundred years, Pope Julius II* also wanted to remove Giovampagolo Baglioni* from Perugia, where he was...
How Much Authority a Serious Man Possesses in Restraining a Multitude
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

The second thing to note in relation to the content of the preceding chapter is that there is nothing so apt to restrain an excited mob as their respect for some serious man of authority who confronts them; nor without reason does Virgil declare: ‘If...