bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parsimonious High‐Resolution Landslide Susceptibility Modeling at Continental Scales
Authors: Mirus Benjamin B. , Belair Gina M. , Wood Nathan J. , Jones Jeanne , Martinez Sabrina N.
Published: September 2024

Landslide susceptibility maps are fundamental tools for risk reduction, but the coarse resolution of current continental‐scale models is insufficient for local application. Complex relations between topographic and environmental attributes characterizing landslide susceptibility at local scales are not transferrable across areas without landslide data. Existing maps with multiple susceptibility classifications under‐represent landslide potential in moderate and gently sloping terrain. We leverage an extensive landslide database (N = 613,724), a high‐resolution digital elevation model (10‐m), and high‐performance computing resources, to develop a new nationwide susceptibility map for the contiguous United States, Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. We calculate four alternative linear and nonlinear thresholds of topographic slope and relief using an objective split‐sample calibration. We down‐sample our results to a 90‐m grid to account for uncertainty in the digital elevation model and landslide position, and evaluate these thresholds' ability to differentiate areas of greater susceptibility. The less conservative nonlinear model optimally balances our priorities of capturing observed landslides (99%) while minimizing area covered by susceptible terrain (43%). Independent evaluation with four statewide landslide inventories (N = 172,367) reinforces our model selection but highlights spatially variable performance. Therefore, we propose a novel approach to susceptibility classification using the concentration of landslide‐prone terrain within each down‐sampled grid. While landslides are possible within any cells containing susceptible terrain, those with the highest concentration capture the majority of observed landslides. Our new map characterizes landside susceptibility more consistently than prior models; our transparent classification approach also provides flexibility for accommodating different tolerances in risk reduction measures.
Mechanical Stiffness and Permeability of a Reservoir‐Scale Rough Fracture During Closure
Authors: Deng Qinglin , Schmittbuhl Jean , Cacace Mauro , Blöcher Guido
Published: September 2024

We study how the normal stiffness and the permeability of a realistic rough fracture at the field scale are linked and evolve during its closure up to the percolation threshold. We base our approach on a well‐established self‐affine geometric model for fracture roughness, which has proven to be a relevant proxy from laboratory to multi‐kilometer scales. We explore its implications for fracture apertures in reservoir‐scale open channels. We build our approach on a finite element model using the MOOSE/GOLEM framework and conduct numerical flow‐through experiments in a 256 granite reservoir hosting a single, partially sealed fracture under variable normal loading conditions and undrained conditions. Navier‐Stokes flow is solved in the embedded 3‐dimensional rough fracture, and Darcy flow is solved in the surrounding poroelastic matrix. We study the evolution of the mechanical stiffness and fluid permeability of the fracture‐rock system during fracture closure including mechanisms that impact the contact surface geometry like asperity yield and deposit of fracture‐filling material in the open space of the rough fracture. The largely observed stiffness characteristic is shown to be related to the self‐affine property of the fracture surface. A strong anisotropy of the fracture permeability is evidenced when the fluid percolation thresholds are exceeded in two orthogonal directions of the imposed pressure gradient. We propose a unifying physically based law for the evolution of stiffness and permeability in the form of an exponential increase in stiffness as permeability decreases.
pH Distributions and Determining Processes Along the U.S. East Coast
Authors: Li Xinyu , Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Cai Wei‐Jun
Published: September 2024

pH is a key index in ocean biogeochemical and acidification research. However, there remains a limited understanding of the spatial patterns and drivers of pH across different coastal oceans. In this study, we present the distribution of spectrophotometric pHT (in total proton scale) from a synoptic summer cruise in 2018. We examine the processes controlling pHT along the U.S. East Coast, covering the South Atlantic Bight (SAB), Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB), and Gulf of Maine (GoM). Our findings reveal a continuous low pHT band associated with the oxygen minimum and CO2 maximum zone along the slope of the entire east coast, extending from the bottom layer (∼1,000 m) in the SAB to the middle layer (300–500 m) in the MAB and GoM. We also identified unique low pHT features in each subregion, including an onshore upwelling of the low pHT slope water in the SAB, a seasonal low pHT feature on the bottom of the MAB shelf associated with the Cold Pool water, and an inflow of low pHT slope water to the bottom of the GoM. Our findings suggest that net biological production plays a prominent role in regulating sea‐surface pHT, driving it away from the air‐sea equilibrated pHT and mitigating the pHT decrease caused by the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake. Furthermore, net biological respiration dominates the interior pHT distributions. Our analysis provides new insights and establishes a foundation for interpreting future pH changes in response to processes such as water masses shifting, ocean warming, and anthropogenic carbon uptake in coastal oceans.
Insights Into the Influence of Anthropogenic Emissions on the Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosols Based on Online Measurements
Authors: Yi Yanan , Li Rui , Zhang Kun , Yang Xudong , Li Qing , Geng Chunmei , Chen Hui , Yang Wen , Yu Jian Zhen , Li Li
Published: September 2024

To investigate the combined impacts of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), SOA molecular tracers, their corresponding volatile organic compound precursors, and other air pollutants were measured online during the winter and summer seasons of 2022 in an industrial city, Zibo, China. The results indicate that the average concentrations of SOA tracers were 16.1 ± 9.8 ng m−3 in winter and 99.4 ± 57.2 ng m−3 in summer. During winter, anthropogenic SOA (ASOA, the sum of SOA derived from naphthalene and mono‐aromatic volatile organic compounds) dominated, whereas isoprene SOA (SOAI) prevailed in summer. Correlation analysis between SO42− and both SOAI and high‐order monoterpene SOA tracers (SOAM‐H) (R = 0.46–0.72, p < 0.001) revealed that higher aerosol acidity facilitated the formation of SOAI and SOAM‐H, with SO2 emissions playing a significant role in leading to higher acidity. Most biogenic SOA (BSOA) tracers exhibited a significant positive correlation with NO3−, particularly in winter, implying the remarkable influence of NOx emissions on BSOA formation. The levels of BSOA tracers increased with NH3, indicating that NH3 can enhance the formation of BSOA. In summer, SOA formation correlated with Ox (Ox = O3 + NO2), indicating the substantial impact of atmospheric oxidizing capacity on SOA formation. During winter, aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) correlated well with SOAI tracers (i.e., 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid (3‐HGA) and 3‐hydroxy‐4,4‐dimethylglutaric acid (3‐HDMGA)), and 2,3‐dihydroxy‐4‐oxopentanoic acid (DHOPA) (R > 0.5, p < 0.001), indicating the important contribution of aqueous‐phase formation of SOA. These findings underscore the significant role of anthropogenic pollutant emissions in the formation of ASOA and BSOA in urban environments.
The dual nature of DNA damage response in obesity and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss
Authors: Escobar Marcillo David Israel , Guglielmi Valeria , Privitera Grete Francesca , Signore Michele , Simonelli Valeria , Manganello Federico , Dell’Orso Ambra , Laterza Serena , Parlanti Eleonora , Pulvirenti Alfredo , Marcon Francesca , Siniscalchi Ester , Fertitta Veronica , Iorio Egidio , Varì Rosaria , Nisticò Lorenza , Valverde Mahara , Sbraccia Paolo , Dogliotti Eugenia , Fortini Paola
Published: September 2024

This novel study applies targeted functional proteomics to examine tissues and cells obtained from a cohort of individuals with severe obesity who underwent bariatric surgery (BS), using a Reverse-Phase Protein Array (RPPA). In obese individuals, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), but not subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), shows activation of DNA damage response (DDR) markers including ATM, ATR, histone H2AX, KAP1, Chk1, and Chk2, alongside senescence markers p16 and p21. Additionally, stress-responsive metabolic markers, such as survivin, mTOR, and PFKFB3, are specifically elevated in VAT, suggesting both cellular stress and metabolic dysregulation. Conversely, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), while exhibiting elevated mTOR and JNK levels, did not present significant changes in DDR or senescence markers. Following BS, unexpected increases in phosphorylated ATM, ATR, and KAP1 levels, but not in Chk1 and Chk2 nor in senescence markers, were observed. This was accompanied by heightened levels of survivin and mTOR, along with improvement in markers of mitochondrial quality and health. This suggests that, following BS, pro-survival pathways involved in cellular adaptation to various stressors and metabolic alterations are activated in circulating PBMCs. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that the DDR has a dual nature. In the case of VAT from individuals with obesity, chronic DDR proves to be harmful, as it is associated with senescence and chronic inflammation. Conversely, after BS, the activation of DDR proteins in PBMCs is associated with a beneficial survival response. This response is characterized by metabolic redesign and improved mitochondrial biogenesis and functionality. This study reveals physiological changes associated with obesity and BS that may aid theragnostic approaches.
Heteromeric amyloid filaments of ANXA11 and TDP-43 in FTLD-TDP type C
Authors: Arseni Diana , Nonaka Takashi , Jacobsen Max H. , Murzin Alexey G. , Cracco Laura , Peak-Chew Sew Y. , Garringer Holly J. , Kawakami Ito , Suzuki Hisaomi , Onaya Misumoto , Saito Yuko , Murayama Shigeo , Geula Changiz , Vidal Ruben , Newell Kathy L. , Mesulam Marsel , Ghetti Bernardino , Hasegawa Masato , Ryskeldi-Falcon Benjamin
Published: September 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the abnormal filamentous assembly of specific proteins in the central nervous system1. Human genetic studies have established a causal role for protein assembly in neurodegeneration2. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown, which is limiting progress in developing clinical tools for these diseases. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have enabled the structures of the protein filaments to be determined from the brains of patients1. All neurodegenerative diseases studied to date have been characterized by the self-assembly of proteins in homomeric amyloid filaments, including that of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP) types A and B3,4. Here we used cryo-electron microscopy to determine filament structures from the brains of individuals with FTLD-TDP type C, one of the most common forms of sporadic FTLD-TDP. Unexpectedly, the structures revealed that a second protein, annexin A11 (ANXA11), co-assembles with TDP-43 in heteromeric amyloid filaments. The ordered filament fold is formed by TDP-43 residues G282/G284–N345 and ANXA11 residues L39–Y74 from their respective low-complexity domains. Regions of TDP-43 and ANXA11  that were previously implicated in protein–protein interactions form an extensive hydrophobic interface at the centre of the filament fold. Immunoblots of the filaments revealed that the majority of ANXA11 exists as an approximately 22 kDa N-terminal fragment lacking the annexin core domain. Immunohistochemistry of brain sections showed the colocalization of ANXA11 and TDP-43 in inclusions, redefining the histopathology of FTLD-TDP type C. This work establishes a central role for ANXA11 in FTLD-TDP type C. The unprecedented formation of heteromeric amyloid filaments in the human brain revises our understanding of amyloid assembly and may be of significance for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Unveiling peripheral symmetric acceptors coupling with tetrathienylbenzene core to promote electron transfer dynamics in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Jabbar Aiman , Murtaza Shahzad , Arshad Muhammad , Braga Ataualpa A. C. , Ahamad Tansir
Published: September 2024

Non-fullerene organic compounds are promising materials for advanced photovoltaic devices. The photovoltaic and electronic properties of the derivatives (TTBR and TTB1-TTB6) were determined by employing density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) analyses using the M06/6-311G(d,p) functional. To enhance the effectiveness of fullerene-free organic photovoltaic cells, modifications were applied to end-capped acceptors by using strong electron-withdrawing moieties. The structural tailoring showed a significant electronic impact for HOMO and LUMO for all chromophores, resulting in decreased band gaps (3.184–2.540 eV). Interestingly, all the designed derivatives exhibited broader absorption spectra in the range of 486.365–605.895 nm in dichloromethane solvent. Among all derivatives, TTB5 was observed to be the promising candidate because of its lowest energy gap (2.54 eV) and binding energy (0.494 eV) values, along with the bathochromic shift (605.895 nm). These chromophores having an A–π–A framework might be considered promising materials for efficient organic cells.
Efficient and fast arsenate removal from water by in-situ formed magnesium hydroxide
Authors: Zhou Juanjuan , Yang Ying , Li Zhanjun
Published: September 2024

MgO nanoparticles have good As-adsorption capacity in treating As-contaminated wastewater but suffer from high production cost. In this study, instead of using pre-formed MgO nanoparticles, we found that in-situ formed Mg(OH)2 from MgCl2 and NaOH reaction exhibited super high arsenate (As(V)) removal efficiency. Only 1.5 mmol/L of in-situ formed Mg(OH)2 could remove more than 95% As(V) within 10 min to make the As contaminated water (10 mg-As(V)/L) meet the municipal wastewater treatment standard, whereas MgO nanoparticles failed. The Mg-As sludge has an amorphous crystal structure while no Mg(OH)2 phase could be observed. As(V) existed uniformly within the sludge which was confirmed by elemental mapping. A precipitation-adsorption-coagulation mechanism might exist, which could relieve the restriction of limited surface area of solid MgO adsorbents. This study not only reveals an applicable method for efficient removal of trace level As(V) from water but also implies the huge potential of in-situ formed adsorbents in water treatment.
Genetic analysis of tomato brown rugose fruit virus reveals evolutionary adaptation and codon usage bias patterns
Authors: Ghorbani Abozar
Published: September 2024

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) poses a significant threat to tomato production worldwide, prompting extensive research into its genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and adaptive strategies. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of ToBRFV at the codon level, focusing on codon usage bias, selection pressures, and evolutionary patterns across multiple genes. Our analysis revealed distinct patterns of codon usage bias and selection pressures within the ToBRFV genome, with varying levels of genetic diversity and evolutionary constraints among different genes. We observed a transition/transversion bias of 2.07 across the entire ToBRFV genome, with the movement protein (MP) gene exhibiting the highest transition/transversion bias and SNP density, suggesting potential evolutionary pressures or a higher mutation rate in this gene. Furthermore, our study identified episodic positive selection primarily in the MP gene, highlighting specific codons subject to adaptive changes in response to host immune pressures or environmental factors. Comparative analysis of codon usage bias in the coat protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes revealed gene-specific patterns reflecting functional constraints and adaptation to the host's translational machinery. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms driving ToBRFV evolution and adaptation, with implications for understanding viral pathogenesis, host-virus interactions, and the development of control strategies. Future research directions include further elucidating the functional significance of codon usage biases, exploring the role of episodic positive selection in viral adaptation, and leveraging these insights to inform the development of effective antiviral strategies and crop protection measures.
Evaluating the direct effect of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
Authors: Fajgenblat Maxime , Molenberghs Geert , Verbeeck Johan , Willem Lander , Crèvecoeur Jonas , Faes Christel , Hens Niel , Deboosere Patrick , Verbeke Geert , Neyens Thomas
Published: September 2024

Background

Across Europe, countries have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic with a combination of non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination. Evaluating the effectiveness of such interventions is of particular relevance to policy-makers.

Methods

We leverage almost three years of available data across 38 European countries to evaluate the effectiveness of governmental responses in controlling the pandemic. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model that flexibly relates daily COVID-19 incidence to past levels of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions as summarised in the Stringency Index. Specifically, we use a distributed lag approach to temporally weight past intervention values, a tensor-product smooth to capture non-linearities and interactions between both types of interventions, and a hierarchical approach to parsimoniously address heterogeneity across countries.

Results

We identify a pronounced negative association between daily incidence and the strength of non-pharmaceutical interventions, along with substantial heterogeneity in effectiveness among European countries. Similarly, we observe a strong but more consistent negative association with vaccination levels. Our results show that non-linear interactions shape the effectiveness of interventions, with non-pharmaceutical interventions becoming less effective under high vaccination levels. Finally, our results indicate that the effects of interventions on daily incidence are most pronounced at a lag of 14 days after being in place.

Conclusions

Our Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach reveals clear negative and lagged effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination on confirmed COVID-19 cases across European countries.
Urban biodiversity is affected by human-designed features of public squares
Authors: Fairbairn Andrew J. , Meyer Sebastian T. , Mühlbauer Maximilian , Jung Kirsten , Apfelbeck Beate , Berthon Katherine , Frank Andrea , Guthmann Lea , Jokisch Jana , Kerler Kristel , Müller Nina , Obster Christina , Unterbichler Michaela , Webersberger Johanna , Matejka Juliane , Depner Paul , Weisser Wolfgang W.
Published: September 2024

Cities are designed primarily for the benefit of humans but also provide habitat for other species. However, understanding how different components of urban vegetation and other features of urban spaces enable different species or species groups to live in the city remains limited. Here we show that, for the City of Munich, designed features of public urban squares strongly determine the occurrence of different species groups. While taxon richness and abundance increased with increasing ‘greenness’ of the square, different taxa responded to different square features, such as the proportion of lawn, the volume of shrubs and the density of trees, as well as the number of people or pets on these squares. Our results highlight that urban design for human needs affects other species that may cohabit these spaces. Consequently, planning strategies for biodiverse cities that aim to enhance human–nature interactions need to be multifaceted, considering the needs of humans and other taxa to create diverse living cities.
CaMKII suppresses proteotoxicity by phosphorylating BAG3 in response to proteasomal dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Chenliang , Xu Huanji , Tang Qiulin , Duan Yichun , Xia Hongwei , Huang Huixi , Ye Di , Bi Feng
Published: September 2024

Protein quality control serves as the primary defense mechanism for cells against proteotoxicity induced by proteasome dysfunction. While cells can limit the build-up of ubiquitinated misfolded proteins during proteasome inhibition, the precise mechanism is unclear. Here, we find that protein kinase Ca2+/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) maintains proteostasis during proteasome inhibition. We show that proteasome inhibition activates CaMKII, which phosphorylates B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) at residues S173, S377, and S386. Phosphorylated BAG3 activates the heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI)- eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α) signaling pathway, suppressing protein synthesis and the production of aggregated ubiquitinated misfolded proteins, ultimately mitigating the proteotoxic crisis. Inhibition of CaMKII exacerbates the accumulation of aggregated misfolded proteins and paraptosis induced by proteasome inhibitors. Based on these findings, we validate that combined targeting of proteasome and CaMKII accelerates tumor cell death and enhances the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors in tumor treatment. Our data unveil a new proteasomal inhibition-induced misfolded protein quality control mechanism and propose a novel therapeutic intervention for proteasome inhibitor-mediated tumor treatment.
An ultra-sensitive ammonia sensor based on a quartz crystal microbalance using nanofibers overlaid with carboxylic group-functionalized MWCNTs
Authors: As'ari Ahmad Hasan , Aflaha Rizky , Katriani Laila , Kusumaatmaja Ahmad , Santoso Iman , Yudianti Rike , Triyana Kuwat
Published: September 2024

Utilizing the specific interaction between carboxylic groups and ammonia gas has led to the development of an ultra-sensitive ammonia sensor based on a quartz crystal microbalance using nanofibers overlaid with carboxylic group-functionalized MWCNTs.
A sensitive, rapid and cost-effective RP-HPLC-UV method for detection and quantification of bedaquiline in physiological fluid (pH 7.4)
Authors: Ayodele Simisola , van Eyk Armorel D. , Kumar Pradeep , Choonara Yahya E.
Published: September 2024

A reliable, rapid, sensitive and cost-effective RP-HPLC-UV method developed and validated for the quantification of bedaquiline released from bedaquiline-loaded nano-system in diffusion studies across excised pericardium at pH 7.4.
A highly sensitive SERS sensor based on PVDF/Au nanofibers for trace analysis of nitrite ions
Authors: Sun Mei , Tang Xiaoyi , Chen Ke , Hu Hanmei , Yang Mingdi , Zhou Haiou , Chen Ping
Published: September 2024

A SERS sensor based on PVDF/Au nanofiber membranes was fabricated using the electrospinning technique and thermal evaporation method for the sensitive detection of nitrite ions.
Direct comparison of colorimetric signal amplification techniques in lateral flow immunoassays
Authors: Sathishkumar N. , Toley Bhushan J.
Published: September 2024

This study reveals that enzymatic signal amplification isn't always the silver bullet for boosting lateral flow assay signals; a careful evaluation is essential for achieving optimal performance.
Deciphering nanoparticle protein coronas by capillary isoelectric focusing-mass spectrometry-based top-down proteomics
Authors: Zhu Guijie , Sadeghi Seyed Amirhossein , Mahmoudi Morteza , Sun Liangliang
Published: September 2024

The first example of top-down proteomics of nanoparticle protein coronas using capillary isoelectric focusing-mass spectrometry.
Integrating anti-aggregation Ta–Se motifs into copper selenide for fast and robust sodium-ion storage
Authors: Hao Yiran , Lv Zhuoran , Dong Wujie , Hu Keyan , Qin Peng , Huang Fuqiang
Published: September 2024

The cubic Cu3TaSe4 structure, assembled from Cu–Se and Ta–Se motifs, delivers a stable specific capacity of 286 mAh g−1 across a wide range of current densities (0.2–50C), demonstrating excellent rate performance.
The application of supercritical fluid technology in the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Shuzhong , Yang Jianqiao , Zhuo Risheng , Zhao Junan , Liu Lu , Li Yanhui
Published: September 2024

Supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of metals and metal oxides has extremely promising applications.
Prediction of ultraviolet optical materials in the K2O–B2O3 system
Authors: Guo Xiaoqing , Wang Yanting , Niu Haiyang
Published: September 2024

A systematic theoretical study of the K2O–B2O3 system revealed six borate structures as promising ultraviolet optical materials, highlighting their notable structural and property characteristics.
Composite ab initio vibrational spectroscopy and thermochemistry of low-valency lanthanide compounds: europium dihalides EuX2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Smirnov Alexander N. , Solomonik Victor G.
Published: September 2024

Benchmark-quality molecular structures, vibrational frequencies, dipole moments and atomisation energies of the europium dihalides and monohalides are reported.
Molecular dynamics simulations of single polyethylene chain folding during fast quenching using all-atom and united-atom models
Authors: Shi Jingfu , Zhou Jianqiu , Liu Lei , Miao Changqing
Published: September 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to investigate the folding behavior of a single linear polyethylene (PE) chain containing 1000 backbone carbon atoms under fast quenching based on all-atom and united-atom models.
Improving both activity and stability for direct conversion of cellulose to ethanol by decorating Pt/WOx with mononuclear NbOx
Authors: Guan Weixiang , Cao Chen , Liu Fei , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2024

The catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability of Pt/WOx are significantly improved by decoration with a mononuclear NbOx promoter affording 25.90 gethanol gPt−1 h−1 in the one-pot conversion of cellulose.
Fast-charging 2D phosphate cathodes via green exfoliation: low steric hindrance and efficient Na+ transport
Authors: Wang Xiao-Tong , Li Kai , Cao Jun-Ming , Gu Zhen-Yi , Zhao Xin-Xin , Liu Han-Hao , Guo Jin-Zhi , Sun Zhong-Hui , Zheng Shuo-Hang , Liang Hao-Jie , Wu Xing-Long
Published: September 2024

2D-Na3V2(PO4)2O2F obtained by green water exfoliation greatly overcomes the drawbacks of low intrinsic electronic conductivity and slow ion diffusion rate, exhibiting excellent performance with high energy density and fast charging capability.
A universal synthetic method for preparing nanoassemblies of quantum dots and organic molecules
Authors: Wang Chao
Published: September 2024

This article highlights the recent work of Biju, Takano et al. (Nanoscale Horiz., 2024, 9, 1128–1136, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NH00134F) on using a unique bio-catalytic nanoparticle shaping method for preparing mesoscopic particles.
Supramolecular tunnelling junctions with robust high rectification based on assembly effects
Authors: Roemer Max , Chen Xiaoping , Li Yuan , Wang Lejia , Yu Xiaojiang , Cazade Pierre-André , Nickle Cameron , Akter Romena , Del Barco Enrique , Thompson Damien , Nijhuis Christian A.
Published: September 2024

The performance of molecular diodes can approach the performance of semiconductor devices but predictive structure–property design remains challenging. We show that the performance can be improved by optimizing  several intertwined parameters.
Plectin-1-targeted recognition for enhancing comprehensive therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Qing , Zeng Silue , Yang Junying , Zhuo Jiaming , Wang Peifeng , Wen Sai , Fang Chihua
Published: September 2024

Schematic diagram depicting the procedures involved in developing the PTP-Lipo-Gem-ICG NPs, as a multipurpose drug delivery platform for chemotherapy-targeted synergistic tumor treatment (By Figdraw).
Polymer functionalized antimony sulfide quantum dots for broadband optical limiting
Authors: Li Guangwei , Chen Qian , Dong Ningning , He Haidong , Wang Jun , Chen Yu
Published: September 2024

Highly soluble SQDs-PVK was synthesized in situ. The annealed SQDs-PVK/PMMA film showed outstanding nonlinear optical performance, with large nonlinear absorption coefficients of 713.71 cm GW−1 at 532 nm and 913.60 cm GW−1 at 1064 nm.
Controllable construction of a 3D-honeycomb-like porous carbon network as a high-performance cathode for promoting Zn-ion storage capability
Authors: Li Qian , Wang Tongde , Shu Tie , Pan Xiaoyi , Tao Yousheng
Published: September 2024

Inheriting the energy storage mechanism of supercapacitors and rechargeable ion batteries, zinc ion capacitors (ZICs) greatly increase their energy density at high power without sacrificing their life span.
Eco-friendly synthesis and enhanced antibacterial action of bimetallic Ag/ZnO nanoparticles using Hylocereus costaricensis stem extract
Authors: Xaviour Joel , Sreelekshmi S. , Joseph Jebin , Fathima S. Alfiya , Sajini T.
Published: September 2024

Biogenic synthesis of bimetallic Ag/ZnO nanoparticles using the stem extract of Hylocereus costaricensis and microwave irradiation, and their antibacterial evaluation.
Volatile fatty acid extraction from fermentation broth using a hydrophobic ionic liquid and in situ enzymatic esterification
Authors: Singh Ramkrishna , Kumar Nikhil , Parameswaran Prathap , Simmons Blake A. , Sale Kenneth , Sun Ning
Published: September 2024

The selected hydrophobic ionic liquid is a promising solvent for both extraction and esterification of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from fermentation broth. The extraction and esterification efficiency is higher for longer chain VFAs.
Patient Motivation for Voice Therapy Increases After Stimulability Testing: Validation of a Voice Therapy Motivation and Voice Perception Inventory
Authors: Toles Laura E. , Turner Melanie , Harris Amy L.
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Measuring patient motivation for voice therapy is an important component of determining prognosis and estimating compliance. Voice stimulability testing is assumed to influence the patient's motivation by improving their perception of the sound and/or feel of the voice. The purpose of this study was to validate a Voice Therapy Motivation and Voice Perception Inventory and to determine whether stimulability testing elicits improvements in motivation and patient-perceived voice status.

Method:

Seventy-five patients who underwent initial voice therapy evaluation completed a four-item inventory that queried their commitment to voice therapy, confidence that they could change their voice through voice therapy, perception of their voice severity, and ratings of their vocal effort. Inventories were completed shortly before and after stimulability testing. A psychometric analysis of the survey was conducted, including the internal consistency of each construct of the inventory along with content, predictive, and concurrent validity. Paired-samples statistical analyses were conducted to determine differences before and after stimulability testing, and Spearman correlations between voice and motivation ratings were conducted to determine relationships between the patient's perception of their voice and their motivation for voice therapy.

Results:

Internal consistency reliability was acceptable to good for each construct, particularly after stimulability testing. Motivation scales were predictive of returning for voice therapy sessions, subjective improvement of voice by the first therapy session, and likelihood of the patient practicing the home practice program. Patient ratings of voice severity and effort were positively correlated with clinician ratings of overall severity. Motivation and voice impairment perception improved following stimulability testing. Reduction in vocal effort was related to improved motivation, but change in voice severity was not.

Conclusions:

Voice stimulability testing can influence patient motivation for voice therapy and patient-perceived voice improvements. It should be considered a critical part of the voice evaluation.
The Use of Language Sample Analysis to Differentiate Developmental Language Disorder From Typical Language in Bilingual Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ortiz José A. , Nolasco Jessica M. , Huang Yi Ting , Chow Jason C.
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Language sample analysis (LSA) is a commonly recommended method of assessment for bilingual children. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on the use of LSA to differentiate between developmental language disorder (DLD) and typical language (TL) in bilingual children.

Method:

We conducted a search of several large electronic databases along with forward and backward searches and applied abstract and full-text screening procedures to identify all relevant studies. We then estimated standardized mean differences, representing the ability of LSA to differentiate between DLD and TL, using multilevel model and subgroup and moderator analyses to identify characteristics of LSA that may be associated with differences in effect size magnitude. We conducted assessments of publication bias and risk of bias by examining quality indicators for each study.

Results:

The search yielded 35 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Participants ranged in age from 2;0 (years;months) to 11;9, with over 40 languages represented. Across studies, the pooled standardized mean difference indicated that children with DLD performed 0.78
SD
lower on LSA measures than those with TL. Measures of morphosyntactic accuracy exhibited the largest pooled effect size. Elicitation method, language of task, and age were not associated with differences in effect size.

Discussion:

Results of this study provide evidence of the clinical utility of LSA in differentiating between DLD and TL in bilingual children. Further research is needed to examine classification accuracy as well as task characteristics that may improve its diagnostic utility.
A lightweight transformer with linear self‐attention for defect recognition
Authors: Zhai Yuwen , Li Xinyu , Gao Liang , Gao Yiping
Published: September 2024

Visual defect recognition techniques based on deep learning models are crucial for modern industrial quality inspection. The backbone, serving as the primary feature extraction component of the defect recognition model, has not been thoroughly exploited. High‐performance vision transformer (ViT) is less adopted due to high computational complexity and limitations of computational resources and storage hardware in industrial scenarios. This paper presents LSA‐Former, a lightweight transformer architectural backbone that integrates the benefits of convolution and ViT. LSA‐Former proposes a novel self‐attention with linear computational complexity, enabling it to capture local and global semantic features with fewer parameters. LSA‐Former is pre‐trained on ImageNet‐1K and surpasses state‐of‐the‐art methods. LSA‐Former is employed as the backbone for various detectors, evaluated specifically on the PCB defect detection task. The proposed method reduces at least 18M parameters and exceeds the baseline by more than 2.2 mAP.
Efficient visual transformer transferring from neural ODE perspective
Authors: Niu Hao , Luo Fengming , Yuan Bo , Zhang Yi , Wang Jianyong
Published: September 2024

Recently, the Visual Image Transformer (ViT) has revolutionized various domains in computer vision. The transfer of pre‐trained ViT models on large‐scale datasets has proven to be a promising method for downstream tasks. However, traditional transfer methods introduce numerous additional parameters in transformer blocks, posing new challenges in learning downstream tasks. This article proposes an efficient transfer method from the perspective of neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) to address this issue. On the one hand, the residual connections in the transformer layers can be interpreted as the numerical integration of differential equations. Therefore, the transformer block can be described as two explicit Euler method equations. By dynamically learning the step size in the explicit Euler equation, a highly lightweight method for transferring the transformer block is obtained. On the other hand, a new learnable neural memory ODE block is proposed by taking inspiration from the self‐inhibition mechanism in neural systems. It increases the diversity of dynamical behaviours of the neurons to transfer the head block efficiently and enhances non‐linearity simultaneously. Experimental results in image classification demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively transfer ViT models and outperform state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Probabilistic co‐expansion planning for natural gas and electricity energy systems with wind curtailment mitigation considering uncertainties
Authors: Shabanian‐Poodeh Mostafa , Hooshmand Rahmat‐Allah , Kabiri‐Renani Yahya
Published: September 2024

In response to growing reliance on electricity and gas systems, this paper introduces a stochastic bi‐level model for the optimized integration of these systems. This integration is achieved through sizing and allocating of power‐to‐gas (P2G) and gas‐to‐power (G2P) units. The first level of the model focuses on decisions related to P2G and G2P unit installations, while the second level addresses optimal system operation considering decisions made from first level and stochastic scenarios. The primary aim is to enhance energy‐sharing capabilities through coupling devices and mitigate wind generation curtailment. An economic evaluation assesses the model's effectiveness in reducing costs. N − 1 contingency analysis gauges the integrated system's ability to supply load under emergency conditions. Two new indices, performance of the electricity system and performance of the natural gas system, are proposed for N − 1 contingency analysis. These indices quantify the proportion of the supplied load to the total load, thereby illustrating the system's capacity to meet demand. For numerical investigation, the proposed model is applied to a modified IEEE 14‐bus power system and a 10‐node natural gas system. Numerical results demonstrate a 9.426% reduction in investment costs and a significant 10.6% reduction in wind curtailment costs through proposed planning model.
SEY‐Net: Semantic edge Y‐shaped network for pancreas segmentation
Authors: Zhou Bangyuan , Xin Guojiang , Liang Hao , Ding Changsong
Published: September 2024

Pancreas segmentation has great significance in computer‐aided diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. The small size of the pancreas, high variability in shape, and blurred edges make the task of pancreas segmentation challenging. A new model called SEY‐Net is proposed to solve the above problems, which is a one‐stage model with multi‐inputs. SEY‐Net is composed of three main components. Firstly, the edge information extraction (EIE) module is designed to improve the segmentation accuracy of the pancreas boundary. Then, the SE_ResNet50 is selected as the encoder's backbone to fit the size of the pancreas. Finally, the dual cross‐attention is integrated into the skip connection to better focus on the variable shape of the pancreas. The experimental results shows that the proposed method has better performance and outperforms the other existing state‐of‐the‐art pancreas segmentation methods.
A class of symmetric-hyperbolic PDEs modelling fluid and solid continua
Authors: Boyaval Sébastien
Published: September 2024

We generalize a new symmetric-hyperbolic system of PDEs proposed in [ESAIM:M2AN 55 (2021) 807-831] for Maxwell fluids to a class of systems that define unequivocally multi-dimensional visco-elastic flows.

Precisely, within a general setting for continuum mechanics, we specify constitutive assumptions i) that ensure the unequivocal definition of motions satisfying widely-admitted physical principles, and ii) that contain [ESAIM:M2AN 55 (2021) 807-831] as one particular realization of those assumptions.

The new class can capture the mechanics of various materials, from solids to viscous fluids, possibly with temperature dependence and heat conduction.
Extension of an all-Mach Roe scheme able to deal with low Mach acoustics to full Euler system
Authors: Galié Thomas , Jung Jonathan , Lannabi Ibtissem , Perrier Vincent
Published: September 2024

We propose to extend the fix of Roe’s approximate Riemann solver developed for the Barotropic Euler equations in [2] to the full Euler equations. This scheme is built mainly to handle low Mach acousticwaves. Moreover, compared to pressure-centered type schemes, this numerical fix has the advantage of improving the numerical solution in the sense that the oscillating modes are reduced. The theoretical study is based on a two-time scales asymptotic analysis. It is proved that the Euler system equipped with a general equation of state is consistent with a first-order wave system in a low Mach number regime. Similar analysis is performed at the discrete level on the Roe scheme to derive the new fix. Numerical tests confirm the results obtained for the Barotropic case about the ability of this fix to deal with both steady and low Mach acoustic computations also in the case of full Euler equations.
Partnerschaftsstatus und Prävalenz psychischer Störungen bei Frauen
und Männern mit einer Krebserkrankung
Authors: Köditz Anne-Kathrin , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Ernst Jochen
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund Patienten mit einer Krebserkrankung sind mit Belastungen
konfrontiert, die das Risiko einer psychischen Störung erhöhen. Eine
Partnerschaft moderiert die psychische Gesundheit der Patienten und kann sich
risikomindernd auswirken. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, den Einfluss des
Partnerschaftsstatus auf die 4-Wochen-Prävalenz psychischer Störungen bei
Krebspatienten und dessen Geschlechtsabhängigkeit darzustellen.

Methodik Im Rahmen der Sekundärdatenanalyse einer multizentrischen
Querschnittstudie wurden N=1.857 Patienten mit einer Krebserkrankung (51,6%
Frauen, Alter 18–75 Jahre, Ø Alter 57 Jahre, 79,7% in Partnerschaft) mit einem
schriftlichen Fragebogen und – zur Diagnostik psychischer Störungen
(4-Wochen-Prävalenz) – mit dem CIDI-O-Interview untersucht. Es werden
Häufigkeiten berechnet und binär-logistische Analysen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Personen in Partnerschaft zeigen in den univariaten Analysen im
Merkmal Vorliegen mindestens einer psychischen Störung eine signifikant
geringere Häufigkeit (25,4% vs. 35,3%, p<0,001) und es treten seltener
mehrere Störungen gleichzeitig auf. Auch bezüglich einzelner Störungsklassen
werden partnerschaftsbezogene Unterschiede deutlich. Die multivariate
geschlechtsdifferenzierte Analyse bestätigt diesen Trend. Neben Alter und
Einkommen als signifikante Prädiktoren besteht jedoch nur bei Männern ein
signifikanter protektiver Einfluss der Partnerschaft hinsichtlich des Auftretens
einer psychischen Störung (OR=2,5, p<0,001).

Diskussion Bislang ist der Zusammenhang von Partnerschaftsstatus,
Geschlecht und psychischen Störungen bei Patienten mit Krebs nur ansatzweise
untersucht. Die in unseren Analysen gefundenen Zusammenhänge sollten
weiterverfolgt werden, insbesondere der protektive Aspekt einer Partnerschaft
für das Auftreten einer psychischen Störung.

Schlussfolgerung Im Rahmen psychoonkologischer Versorgung sollte der
Partnerschaftsstatus als möglicher Risikofaktor für das Auftreten psychischer
Störungen, insbesondere bei den Männern, berücksichtigt werden.
Early Challenges: A Case Report of a Premature Baby with Down Syndrome and Uterine Rupture
Authors: Jerbi Bilel , Chourou Hajer , Ben Aziza Rim , Belhadj Ammar Wafa , Kacem Samia , Achour Radhouane
Published: September 2024

Introduction Uterine rupture represents one of the most severe obstetric affections. It is defined as a complete or a partial tearing of the uterine wall. Women with a prior cesarean section are reported to have a higher risk of having this situation. Moreover, maternal death and most of all middle- and long-term adverse consequences remain a great preoccupation. On another scale, neonatal death and ulterior deterioration remain very high, especially in low-income countries.

Case Description A 24-year-old woman with a history of previous cesarean section presented at 35 weeks of gestation with pelvic pain without bleeding. Emergency cesarean section revealed a complete uterine rupture at the scar site from the previous cesarean section. Remarkably, the fetus managed to seal the rupture using the right temporal region, forearm, and right leg, avoiding significant complications. The mother had an uncomplicated postoperative course and was discharged after 48 hours of surveillance.

Conclusion We present with this case an extraordinary case of a uterine rupture where both mother and child had a good outcome. This rare evolution was reported only one time in literature. For this reason, a history of caesarean delivery might present a huge challenge for obstetricians and neonates.
Transfer RNAs are Linked to Ischemic Stroke and Major Bleeding in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease
Authors: Nopp Stephan , Königsbrügge Oliver , Schmaldienst Sabine , Säemann Marcus , Pabinger Ingrid , Nossent Anne Yaël , Ay Cihan
Published: September 2024

Background Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at very high risk for thromboembolism and bleeding. This study aimed to identify small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), specifically microRNAs and transfer-RNA (tRNA)-derived fragments (tRFs), as potential novel biomarkers for predicting thromboembolism and bleeding in this high-risk population.

Methods In this sncRNA discovery research, we leveraged the VIVALDI cohort, consisting of 625 ESKD patients on hemodialysis, to conduct two nested case–control studies, each comprising 18 participants. The primary outcomes were ischemic stroke in the first study and major bleeding in the second. Plasma samples were processed using the miND pipeline for RNA-seq analysis to investigate differential expression of microRNAs and tRNA/tRFs between cases and their respective matched controls, with results stringently adjusted for the false discovery rate (FDR).

Results No significant differential expression of microRNAs for either ischemic stroke or major bleeding outcomes was observed in the two nested case–control studies. However, we identified four tRNAs significantly differentially expressed in ischemic stroke cases and seven in major bleeding cases, compared with controls (FDR < 0.1). Coverage plots indicated that specific tRNA fragments (tRFs), rather than full-length tRNAs, were detected, however. Alternative mapping approaches revealed challenges and technical limitations that precluded in-depth differential expression analyses on these specific tRFs. Yet, they also underscored the potential of tRNAs and tRFs as markers for thromboembolism and bleeding.

Conclusion While microRNAs did not show significant differential expression, our study identifies specific tRNAs/tRFs as potential novel biomarkers for ischemic stroke and major bleeding in ESKD patients.