bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Green Cane Harvesting on Pest Management in Sugarcane
Authors: Carbonari Caio A. , de Matos Ana Karollyna Alves , de Brito Ivana Paula Ferraz Santos , Velini Edivaldo D. , Dayan Franck E.
Published: May 2019

Green cane harvesting is a new agricultural practice that provides many benefits to sugar cane production in Brazil by allowing cane straw to remain on the soil surface. However, this system has complicated the management of weeds, pests and diseases. This review will highlight the
impact of green cane harvesting on the management of weeds, insect pests, and pathogens in sugar cane production, and cover novel techniques and practices used to manage pests in this production system. Brazil has a unique agroecosystem that includes tropical and subtropical climates and distinct
technical challenges relative to other agricultural regions around the world. Sugarcane stands out as an economically important crop in Brazilian agriculture, both in terms of its planting area and the complexity of the production system (e.g., constant changes in planting, cultural practices,
and harvest managements). Brazilian sugarcane production in the 2018/2019 season was 620.44 million tons produced over more than 8.5 million hectares distributed mainly in the states of São Paulo, Goiás, and Minas Gerais. Currently, 38% of this production is intended to produce
sugar and 62% to ethanol, generating 29.04 million tons of sugar and 33.14 billion liters of ethanol, making Brazil the largest sugar and ethanol producing country in the world. The sugarcane agroindustry continues to expand in Brazil, showing a great capacity to aggregate value to byproducts
of ethanol and sugar, such as vinasse (fertilizer), filter cake (fertilizer and soil conditioner), bagasse (raw-material for industries; animal feed; and electrical energy generation), and plant straws (electrical energy generation). The adoption of mechanized harvests without burning has
allowed accumulation of sugarcane straw residues over the cropping area (green cane harvesting). Approximately 84% of the sugarcane production area in Brazil follows green cane harvesting practices. This harvesting system has made the management of weeds, pests and diseases even more complex
in sugarcane fields than before. Green cane harvesting has made pest and weed management (mainly) more complex. The presence of residues on the soil directly affects the action of pre-emergent herbicides that are most commonly used in sugarcane and increases the incidence of some important
pests such as S. levis and M. fimbriolata. Integration of management programs for weeds, pests, and diseases generates economic benefits and control efficacy (broad spectrum action), maximizing their individual efficacy level, reducing the dependence on only one of them and the
risk of selection of resistant pest populations. Monitoring, planning, and evaluation of the history of the sugarcane fields are essentials and assist in decision making regarding the method and time of control to be used. The efficiency of this system assists in the maintenance of high yields,
health, and longevity for sugarcane fields.
Factors affecting the quality and efficacy of an ELT-INSET: A case study of Bangladesh
Authors: Nur Shakila , Short Megan
Published: May 2019

Given the integral role of English teachers in promoting quality English education, English language teaching in-service teacher education and training (ELT-INSET) plays a crucial role in developing quality and professional competence of English teachers. It is in this regard, when the inevitability of ELT-INSET is growing worldwide, our article identifies quality parameters of an ELT-INSET conducted in Bangladesh. This qualitative case study was conducted as part of a doctoral project employing semi-structured interviews with one ELT-INSET programme coordinator, three teacher trainers and 12 trainees (English teachers) of an ELT-INSET. The cross-case analysis of the interview data identified six factors adversely affecting the quality and efficacy of the ELT-INSET. The factors included the absence of needs analysis culture, an ineffective trainee selection mechanism and proper monitoring system, the quality issue of teacher trainers, contents and materials, the lack of required logistics support and finally, the bureaucratic power-coercive ELT-INSET management. The article, by shedding light on those findings, finally informs the policymakers with some implications with which to develop their policy and to enhance and ensure the quality and efficacy of ELT-INSET programmes. The implications might also be applicable irrespective of INSET for other subjects and polities with the same context beyond Bangladesh.
Teachers' multiple roles and perceived loss of professionalism in Tanzanian secondary schools
Authors: Lawrent Godlove
Published: May 2019

The rapid increase in Tanzanian primary school enrolments in the last decade was prompted by the government to develop the Secondary Education Expansion Policy. My study, therefore, explored the impact of this policy on teachers’ professional lives. A qualitative approach was adopted to gain detailed insights into the phenomena under investigation. Data were collected from 30 participant teachers from four community secondary schools in Tanzania through interviews and document analysis. Overall the findings revealed that the government’s shortcomings in hiring support staff prompted teachers to perform extra duties alongside teaching. It also found that the lack of the government’s commitment to rewarding teaching quality exacerbated teachers’ engagement in other income-generating activities. Teachers’ engagement in these non-teaching tasks both in school and out of school affected their own professional identities which subsequently impacted on their teaching competence beliefs. These findings recommend that in order to enhance the quality of teaching and learning, the government of Tanzania must improve teachers’ welfare by employing enough support staff to assist in teaching and learning.
A critique of Rata on the politics of knowledge and Māori education
Authors: Stewart Georgina Tuari , Devine Nesta
Published: May 2019

This article unpacks and critiques the scholarship of Elizabeth Rata on the politics of knowledge in education. Rata represents a widespread, though covert, influence within the global academy of an imperialist form of philosophical universalism which has particular significance for Aotearoa New Zealand due to her vocal opposition to Kaupapa Māori education and Māori politics more generally. This article uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) to focus on the arguments of one key article, in order to expose its philosophical weaknesses. Our analysis shows that Rata’s scholarship is based on misconceptions of several key terms and concepts, which inexorably lead to inadequate arguments and invalid conclusions, and undermine the cogency of her claims about the ‘dangers’ of Kaupapa Māori education.
EXPRESSION DENSITY OF RECEPTORS TO IMMUNOREGULATORY MEDIATORS AS A MODULATING COMPONENT OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MEDIATORS ON CELL. PART 1
Authors: Sennikov S. V. , Alshevskaya A. A. , Zhukova J. V. , Belomestnova I. A. , Karaulov A. V. , Lopatnikova J. A.
Published: May 2019

The present review article summarizes the latest world scientific data on the role of receptors for immune mediators in regulating biological effects on the cells. For the main classes of immune regulators (interleukins, interferons, growth factors and tumor necrosis factors), the variants are presented for participation of receptors as components of cytokine/cell interaction, as proven by in vitro and in vivo studies. Ability of the receptors expression to modify characteristics and type of these interactions is shown. The data on participation of receptors for regulatory molecules in development of immune-mediated diseases of various genesis have been analyzed. It was demonstrated that the changes in the receptor expression are of great importance when evaluating functional response of the cells to the mediators and in development of pathological conditions. Current studies confirmed the data suggesting effects of receptor density upon the processes of proliferation and apoptosis, as well as metabolic processes that trigger development of autoimmune, oncological and dystrophic diseases. For all the considered classes of regulatory molecules, the change in the density of receptor expression is one of the key aspects in regulating functional activity of the cells. Thus, studying expression levels of receptors on the cell membrane is important in understanding pathogenesis, whereas changing expression level may be considered as a therapeutic target in the treatment of various diseases.
ASSOCIATION OF HLA HAPLOTYPES WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN CONDITIONS OF ORGANIC- SILICON MANUFACTURE
Authors: Karzakova L. M. , Muchukova O. M. , Borisova L. V. , Kudryashov S. I.
Published: May 2019

One of the urgent problems of modern medicine is the search for genetic markers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between HLA haplotypes and COPD in individuals whose illness developed during the professional work in the workshop of organic-silicon production of PJSC "Khimprom" (Novocheboksarsk, Russia).The study included patients with COPD in remission, belonging to the Chuvash ethnic group of Russia - 36 women and 26 men (mean age 45.4±2.3 years). The work experience averaged 15.2±2.4 years, the duration of COPD - 12.3±2.4 years. Smokers made up 22.0±5.8% of the total number of patients. The comparison group was a group of non-patients with COPD workers of organic-silicon manufacture. This group was positioned as "stable" to the development of  COPD. Class I HLA antigens were typed in the standard microlymphocytotoxic test using histotyping anti-HLA sera to 8 HLA-A antigens of the locus A1, A2, A3, A9, A10, A11, A19, A28 and  to 18 HLA-B antigens of  the locus  В5, В7, В8, В12, В13, В14, В15, В16, В17, В18, В21, В22, В27, В35, В40, В41, В42, В53) (CJSC “Interregional Center of Immunogenetics and Histotyping Reagents “Gisans”, St. Petersburg). HLA genotyping of class II alleles was carried out by the multi-primer polymerase chain reaction method in DNA, obtained from nuclear cells of peripheral blood, using reagent sets of the firm “DNA-Technology” (Moscow), according to the reagent manufacturer's method. They were typified by 14 alleles of the DRB1 locus, 8 to the DQA1 alleles and 11 to the DQB1 alleles. The frequencies of two-locus haplotypes were calculated using the computer program "Arlequin v. 3.01 ". The association strength of HLA with COPD was determined by the relative risk (RR) of the formula J. Haldane. The statistical reliability of the difference between RR and 1 was determined by the exact two-sided Fisher test. As a result of the study, the positive association of COPD with haplotypes was established: HLA-A9-DQA1*0501,  A10-DQA1*0103, A28-DQA1*0102,  B7-DQA1* 0103. These haplotypes can be attributed to genetic markers of predisposition to the development of COPD. The negative association with the disease was established for haplotypic combinations of the alleles HLA-A2-B8, A19-DQB1*0502-04, B12-DQB1*0502-04, B27-DQA1*0103, DRB1*01-DQA1*0101, DRB1*07-DQA1*0201, DRB1*13-DQA1 * 0102. This series of haplotypes can be attributed to the category of protective genetic markers of COPD in conditions of organic-silicon manufacture. In continuation of our studies, further research is needed to identify "marker" HLA haplotypes in COPD in other ethnic populations, as well as under the influence of other aggressive air pollutants. The results of the study indicate the association of COPD with a number of specific HLA-haplotypes.
Hanging Up the Gloves
Authors: Hilal Talal
Published: May 2019

Despite the availability of cancer treatments, the best decision may be to facilitate quality time at the end of life. Through the story of a boxer diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer, this narrative considers the question of when to stop cancer treatment when the road is coming to an end.
Detailed study of dynamic mechanical analysis for nanocomposites
Authors: Saha Sunirmal , Bal Smrutisikha
Published: May 2019

The present study focuses primarily on dynamic mechanical analysis of neat epoxy and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/epoxy composites. The results demonstrated a profound increment in storage modulus, loss modulus and tan δ in the case of nanocomposite samples compared to that of neat epoxy. Further, the coefficient of the ‘C’ factor, reinforcement efficiency factor, MWNT/epoxy interfacial adhesion factor and degree of entanglement density were evaluated for the MWNT/epoxy nanocomposites. Maximum reinforcement efficiency and the interfacial adhesion factor in nanocomposites with 0·75 wt.% MWNT loading (C0·75) indicated a strong interaction between MWNTs and epoxy. The degree of entanglement factor was found to increase with increasing MWNT contents, while the C factor declined with an increase in MWNT loading. The Cole–Cole plot of all the samples have been analysed, and it was found that the semicircular nature provided by the nanocomposite samples revealed the efficient adhesion between epoxy and MWNTs.
Optimization of drilling parameters of untreated JFRP PU foam sandwich by Taguchi method
Authors: Srinivas Rao Sathishkumar , Arakalagudu Venkataramaiah Suresh , Mahadevappa Nagamadhu
Published: May 2019

Many researchers have studied the fabrication of composite materials and their mechanical and thermomechanical properties and applications. In contrast, limited work in the field of machining of composite materials has been reported in the literature. The aim of this work is to optimize the drilling parameters such as speed, feed rate and drill diameter using a high-speed steel (HSS) twist drill and a titanium aluminum nitrate (TAN)-coated carbide twist with a drill angle of 118°. The present experimental work has been carried out using Taguchi design analysis of L27 orthogonal array on jute-fiber-reinforced plastic polyurethane (JFRP PU) foam sandwich composites. A coordinate measuring machine was used to measure the drilled hole diameter to optimize the quality of the drilled hole with the combination of drilling parameters. Minitab 16 was used to investigate the variance (analysis of variance) of the test, which led to determining the significance of each parameter on drilling. The results clearly show that the HSS-twist-drilled hole exhibited a minimum thrust force of 90 N at a 3 mm dia. hole with a feed of 80 mm/min, a speed of 1500 revolutions per minute (rpm) and a torque of 0·14 N m. In contrast, the TAN-coated-carbide-drilled hole exhibited a thrust force of 88 N at a 3 mm dia. hole with a feed rate of 80 mm/min, a speed of 1500 rpm and a torque of 0·13 N m. Regression analysis evidently showed that drill diameter has the most significant effect, feed rate has a marginally significant effect and speed does not have any significant effect on minimizing the thrust force for both HSS- and TAN-drilled holes. However, the influence of torque has a marginally smaller variation for TAN compared to that for HSS. Speed and drill diameter have the most significant effect on delamination of both entrance and exit holes using the HSS tool, whereas, for delamination of both the TAN-twist-drilled entrance and exit holes, drill diameter is a more significant factor compared to speed and feed.
ZENGİNLEŞTİRİLMİŞ VE GÜÇLENDİRİLMİŞ GIDALARIN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ÖNEMİ VE ÇEŞİTLİ ÜLKELERDE UYGULANMASI
Authors: KAHYAOĞLU Fadime , Demirci Buket
Published: May 2019

Amaç:
Geçmişte ve günümüzde halk sağlığı sorunlarının çoğunun altında doğru
beslenememe yatmaktadır. Bu sorunların çözümü için bireysel ve toplumsal
önlemler alınması gerekmektedir. Toplumsal düzeyde alınan önlemler ulusal ya da
uluslar arası platformlarda farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Alınan uluslararası
önlemler arasında, özellikle anne sütü ile beslenme sıklığının artırılması örnek
verilebilir. Bunu takiben, beslenme eğitimi programları, beslenme açısından
riskli ve duyarlı olan gruplara yönelik özel eğitim ve müdahale programlarının
yaygınlaştırılması ile toplumda görülme sıklığı yüksek olan beslenme
sorunlarının çözümü için besin zenginleştirilmesi ya da besin güçlendirilmesi
uygulamaları da yer almaktadır. Besin zenginleştirme ve güçlendirme işlemleri
FDA (Gıda ve İlaç İdaresi) tarafından kontrol altında uygulanmakta olup 1900’
lü yıllarda başlamıştır; bu yıllarda ilk olarak eklenen besin öğelerinin
başında iyot (tuz) ve D vitamini (süt) gelmektedir. Derlememizde, tüm dünyada
yaygın olarak uygulanan besin zenginleştirme ve güçlendirme işlemlerinin önemi
ve uygulama yollarının bazı örneklerle gösterimi amaçlanmıştır.

Metod ve Sonuç: WHO (Dünya Sağlık Örgütü), Pubmed, Sağlık Bakanlığı, gibi
bilimsel sitelere ulaşılarak, “fortified”, “enriched”, “food”, ‘‘micronutrients’’,
‘‘supplement’’, ‘‘fortified bread’’, “gıda takviyeleri”, ‘‘zenginleştirilmiş
gıda’’ kelimeleri ile konu hakkındaki raporlara ve bilimsel literatürlere
ulaşılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda günümüzde uygulanan, sağlığa olumlu etkisi
için gıdalara eklenebilecek Destek/Katkı maddelerinin beklenen faydası ve
ülkelere göre kanunla düzenlenen Destek/Katkı maddeleri tablolar halinde
hazırlanmıştır.

Tartışma: Bu tür uygulamalar, koruyucu hekimlik yönünden oldukça
önemlidir. Böylece, önlenebilecek hastalıklar engellenerek daha sağlıklı bir
toplum yaratılmaya çalışılır. Pek çok ülkede devlet tarafından kontrol edilir
ve hatta uygulama zorunluluğu vardır. Kontrol edilmediğinde, yetersiz ilave
sağlık otoritelerini yanıltabilir. Öte taraftan, gıdalarımıza yeterince katıldığı
halde, toplumda hali hazırda mevcut sorun olan vitamin/mineral suiistimali ile
birlikte fazla mineral/vitamin maruziyetine neden olabilir. Alkol ve şeker gibi
zararlı olabilecek maddedeler vitamin takviyesi, toplum algısını bozarak, bu
ürünlerin artık zaralı olmadığı konusunda inanç geliştirebilir. Bu derlemenin,
ülkemizde besin güçlendirme ve zenginleştirme çalışmaları ile diğer ülkelerin
karşılaştırılmasına fayda sağlayacağını düşünmekteyiz.
A CASE OF AN EXCEPTIONAL AND INFREQUENT REASON OF BLEPHAROCONJUNCTIVITIS : PHTHIRIASIS PALPEBRARUM
Authors: EKİCİ Eren , SOYDAN Adem
Published: May 2019

Phthiriasis Palpebrarum is an infrequent
and uncommon eyelid infestation caused by phthirus pubis. We report a case of
phthiriasis palpebrarum imitating allergic blepharoconjonctivitis. A
58-years-old woman had temperate crust round the right eye itching, stinging
and watering. Her primary diagnosis was considered to be an allergic
conjunctivitis because of symptoms alike to hyperemia, mucoid secretions over
eyelashes and itching and was prescribed anti-allergic eye drop. On the
attentive biomicroscopic examination, it was revealed many buried live lice
attached to the lashes, hyperemia on the lid margin and translucent nits in
right eyelid. Microscopic examinations of samples taken from the lashes
infestated with live lice and translucent nits were consultated to microbiology
department for certain diagnose and to dermatology department for scanning
phthiriasis and other veneral diseases. Administitation of pure vaseline,
topical antibiotic drops and topical steroid drops were used for the treatment.
At the end of the third week, no louse or nit was present. In spite of it was
known that Phthiriasis palpebrarum is an exceptional and infrequent reason of
blepharoconjunctivitis; it might observe as an isolated infestation of eyelids
and this condition can easily be misdiagnosed as an allergic conjunctivitis or
blepharitis.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Evaluation by Gastroesophageal Reflux Scintigraphy in Infants and in Children
Authors: AKBULUT Aylin , KOCA Gökhan , AYDINBELGE Nur , YAZGAN Eda Özge , DEMİREL Koray , KORKMAZ Meliha
Published: May 2019

AbstractAim: Our goal was to
evaluate the gastric emptying time in either reflux
positive and negative children; and also the first reflux time, the number of
reflux episodes in scintigraphy, reflux index (RI), and gastric emptying half
time for liquids in infants and in children who were referred to
our department for gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy (GERS) with suspicion of
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Material and Methods: Dynamic GERS images
were first evaluated visually and then regions of interests (ROI) were drawn on
esophagus, stomach and background. Time-activity curves were generated and obtained
values were statistically evaluated.Results: Among 208 patients 38.5 % of the patients were reflux
positive (80/208). There was
a positive correlation between degree of reflux and gastric emptying half‐time (p<0.001, r= 0.274) and there
was a negative correlation between the degree of reflux and the gastric
emptying percentages (p<0.001, r= -0.259). There were no significant differences between
first reflux time and the reflux grades of patients and also there were
no significant differences between RI and reflux grades of patients (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Our results show, in all groups, patients with high number of reflux
episodes have longer gastric emptying half‐time with lower gastric emptying percentages. However, between
groups, no significant difference was found in terms of gastric emptying percentage or gastric
emptying half‐time. Consequently, independently
of age groups, quantitative analysis of
GERS should include both the visual analysis of the reflux and also the quantification
of gastric emptying half time, gastric emptying percentage which may
contribute diagnosis.
Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Eğitiminde Sosyal Sorumluluk Programları ve Türkiye’deki Yeri
Authors: Filiz Bijen
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada, beden eğitimi
ve spor eğitiminde kullanılan sosyal sorumluluk programları araştırılmış;
Türkiye’de hangi programların kullanıldığını belirlemek için yapılan
araştırmalar incelenmiş ve bu programlarla ilgili mevcut durum ortaya
konmuştur. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada araştırmacılara, öğretmenlere, program
yapıcılara ve yöneticilere beden eğitimi ve spor eğitiminde kullanılan sosyal
sorumluluk programları hakkında farkındalık kazandırılmak istenmiştir.
Çalışmada literatür tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda,
Türkiye’de beden eğitimi ve spor eğitiminde sosyal sorumluluk programlarıyla
ilgili az sayıda çalışmaya rastlanılmış; Bireysel ve Sosyal Sorumluluk, Spor
Eğitimi, Akran Öğretimi ve İşbirliğine Dayalı Öğrenme modellerine dayalı
programların kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırma, öğrencilere sosyal
sorumluluk davranışlarının kazandırılması için beden eğitimi ve spor eğitiminde
çeşitli programların kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER AMONG KURDISH CHILDREN; A SINGLE CENTER STUDY
Authors: Khurshid Bakhtyar , Rashid Jamal , Salih Khalid , Muhamad Dlnya
Published: May 2019

Background 

Familial Mediterranean Fever is recessively inherited auto inflammatory disease. It shows an obvious ethnic distribution, which is mainly prevalence among Eastern Mediterranean people. 

Objectives 

The aim of the present study is an accurate diagnosis of FMF in Kurdish children by detection of genetic mutations in addition to clinical features. 

Patients and Methods

In the current study, clinical data for 20 patients, aged 18 years or younger, affected by FMF was analyzed and discussed. Those diagnosed as FMF, according to Tel-Hashomer criteria and sent for genetic confirmation were included in the study. The cases were collected from different hospital and Pediatric clinics in Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq between December 2017 to May 2018.

Results

Among 20 patients who were diagnosed with FMF, (60%, n=12) of them were male and (40%, n=8) were female, leading to a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 3 ± 2.6 years, and the mean delay in diagnosis was 3.17 ± 2.02 years. The main clinical features were as follows: fever which counted for (95%), followed by abdominal pain (75%), joint pain (45%), and skin rash (15%). Family history of FMF was presented in 10% of the cases. Regarding Genetic analysis, the most common type of mutation was found to be M694V (36.8%), followed by M680I (23.7%), M694I (18.4%), V726A (15.8%), E148Q (2.6%) and A744S (2.6%). Only 5% of the cases had undergone an appendectomy before diagnosis. Regarding using of colchicine, it has been noticed that 5.3% of the cases were non-responder. None of the patients was found to have renal amyloidosis. 

Conclusion

Clinical criteria with genetic study are the most preferred methods in diagnosis of FMF cases. Genotype results were found to be similar to the FMF patients of ethnic Arabs and, to a degree, to those of Turkish patients.
STAGE DISTRIBUTION AND PATIENT RESPONSE POST NEO-ADJUVANT SHORT COURSE RADIOTHERAPY IN RECTAL CANCER, SINGLE CENTER STUDY
Authors: Mohammed Kamaran , Ghalib Hawar
Published: May 2019

Background 

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. It is the third most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for approximately 1,400,000 new cases and about 700,000 deaths worldwide.

Objectives 

The objective of this study is to assess patients’ response and developments of complication, after the use of neo-adjuvant short course radiotherapy in addition to the effect of this treatment modality on pathological response, local control and distant metastasis.

Methods

Forty six patients, who were histopathologically proven to have colorectal carcinoma, were randomly assigned to receive 25 Gy of radiation, in a short period of time prior to surgical resection of tumor. Local control, distance metastasis and post operative signs and symptoms measured over a period of 5 years (2013-2018). The treatment period ranged between 3-327 days.

Results

The overall survival of patients and their experience with post operative toxicity was improved; there was statistically significant correlation between spread of the tumor and duration of radiotherapy, p value was less than 0.05.In addition 84% of cases had no recurrence. Overall survival was about 76% of cases at the end of this research. The rate of post operative complication decreased. But the duration of radiotherapy had no significant effect on the mortality. (p value=0.2) 

Conclusion

Preoperative short-course radiotherapy before colorectal surgical intervention favors better local control and distant metastasis in addition to less complication, more comfort for patients and favorable survival rate.
DIFFERENT-TIME DYNAMICS OF THE COLLECTIVE TRAUMA AS THE INTELLECTUAL INSTRUMENT FOR SOCIAL REHABILITATOR
Authors: Naydonova L.
Published: May 2019

Ukraine is in a situation of increased danger of emergencies in connection with a continuing international armed conflict on the territory of the country. This creates the need for specialized training of specialists in order to increase the psychological readiness and capacity of communities for effective action in emergencies. The aim is to establish the conceptual grounds for developing disasters community readiness by focused and informed social workers. Creation and approbation of the new high education learning course on the base of theoretical analysis is the proposed way. As the results of analysis are some schemas of dynamics of the communities coping processes during and after disasters and other extremal situations (fire, technological catastrophe, war captivity, historical trauma). It is grounded topics and educational principles of discipline for social rehabilitators professional prepare. The author singles out four approaches for understanding suffering community and collective trauma dynamics (enlightenment, psychoanalytic, socio-constructive and organizational psychological). It is proposed three scales for social psychological analysis of community: urgent, long-term and trans-generative time intervals. Because the content has potential for secondary trauma induction, it is necessary to improve some safe promotional didactic elements: reflexive validity, resourceness, and information ecology principles. Students can choice some additional traumatic situations in local or national communities for joint analysis in the auditorium, which gives empowerment and feelings of co-creation during learning process.
The Author’s Narrative Strategy in the Book I of Xenophon’s “Cyropaedia”
Authors: Dovbyshchenko Fedir
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the text of the book I of Xenophon’s “Cyropaedia”. A brief description of the most significant previous studies of the “Cyropaedia” as a literary work is given. The text is analyzed within the frames of narratology and reader-response criticism. The theoretical base of these approaches is shown concisely in the beginning of the article. The notions of narrator (primary, secondary, tertiary), narratee, author, reader, ideal recipient, pre-intent, lacuna, peripeteia, golden section, lingual strategy, narrative strategy are being defined as the main notions of the present investigation. The study of the author’s narrative strategy supposes a distinction between authorial and narratorial communication with its further comparison. The analysis of a double-structured communication is possible thanks to the study of the given fragment [Cyrop. I.4.27]. It draws the attention because it is unusual if compared with the rest of the book I, the narratorial communication lacks logics in this very fragment. The assumption that the fragment could be a key for understanding the authorial communication is proved by the analysis of the whole book I within the frames of narratology and reader-response criticism. Finding lacunas in reader’s reception of the text as well as observation of their place and role in each case allows to conclude that [Cyrop. I.4.27] is a cornerstone of the whole book I of the “Cyropaedia”. The lacuna this fragment provides to the reader ruins absolutely the image of Cyrus, which the author of narration tries to persuade us to be real. It is proved that the present fragment is, in addition, a moment of peripeteia and of golden section it the structure of the book I which is similar to that of the ancient tragedy. The conclusions of the present article give way to a thorough narratological analysis of the whole “Cyporaedia” of Xenophon.
Individual cost accounting in the management of medical organizations
Authors: Zheleznyakova I. A. , Kovaleva L. A. , Khelisupali T. A.
Published: May 2019

In the modern economic conditions, the rational planning of costs and the complex process optimization are essential requirements to all organizations. Knowledge of costs is needed to correctly assess the economic performance of an organization. Competent and timely correction of tariffs for the obligatory medical insurance and rationalization of the requested financing of the medical organization depends on this assessment. In the present study, we analyze various methods of personalized cost accounting: the ratio of costs to charges (RCC); relative value unit (RVU); time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC), and the possibility of their adaptation to the specific needs of medical organizations. The personalized cost accounting incorporated into a medical information system allows for controlling, planning and carrying out a close internal management of financial activity. This function helps decision-makers: control the use of funds for medical care provision; increase the efficiency of management decisions; justify the prices of paid medical services; define the deficit and surplus work units; analyze the treatment cost for each patient, considering the diagnosis, method of treatment, age and other classification signs, including the reference to specialized departments; reduce the unnecessary “paper” work load on the medical personnel; model the future needs of the organization in accordance with the planned changes in the hospitalization policy; optimize, control and plan the budget with regard to the established standards of financial expenses. Implementation of this approach is expected to increase the work efficiency in most medical organizations and the entire healthcare system.
Evaluating the effects of Moringa oleifera on atherogenic lipoprotein indices of HIV infected Nigerian adults on tenofovir-based antiretroviral regimen
Authors: Anyanwu Chinwe F. , Obianime Wolie A. , Siminialayi Iyeopu M. , Aigbogun Eric O.
Published: May 2019

Background: The administration of tenofovir (TDF) based (tenofovir/ lamivudine/efavirenz) antiretroviral regimen for the management of HIV has remained a concern to both clinicians and patients, thus necessitating the need for suitable supplement for the management of ART induced metabolic abnormalities. The study evaluated the effects of Moringa supplementation on the atherogenic lipoprotein indices of HIV patients on TDF-based regimen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria.Methods: The study was designed as a time dependent investigation structured into 3 visits, visit 1 (cross sectional, baseline), visit 2 (4 weeks after administration) and visit 3 (12 weeks post administration). Subjects recruited (140) into this study comprised of two groups, TDF-M (n=56, administered Moringa Supplement) and TDF-NM (n=84, no supplement).Results: At baseline, more than 50% of the patients had at least one abnormal atherogenic lipoprotein indices (Log (TC/HDL-C) = 85.7%, TC/HDL-C=58.5% and LDL-C/HDL-C=51.4%), although at lower limits. At the end of 12 weeks of Moringa supplement administration, the results showed subjects in the TDF-M group who were at risk of CVD had fallen to 20%, indicating a dramatic (40.4%) decrease, while the prevalence of TDF-NM subject at risk of CVD rose to 53.6% (χ2=26.67, P <0.001). HIV patients on TDF-based regime, who were at risk of CVD had elevated triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols which inversely affected the levels of high-density lipoprotein and negatively impacting the atherogenic indices.Conclusions: Moringa oleifera supplementation may be helpful in ameliorating the metabolic abnormalities associated with HIV patients on TDF-based regimen.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards adverse drug reactions reporting in post graduate students of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Chincholkar Aparna S. , Naik Alisha
Published: May 2019

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Under reporting of ADRs by health care professionals is a very common problem worldwide. So, the present study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of postgraduate (PG) students towards ADR reporting and suggest possible ways for improvement.Methods: It was a cross sectional questionnaire-based study conducted among 44 PG students using a questionnaire with questions on knowledge (21), attitude (13) and practices (15) of ADR reporting. The questionnaire was analyzed question wise and the percentage was calculated using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet in Microsoft Office 2010 software.Results: Most of them were aware of the term pharmacovigilance (PV) (95.45%). 54.55% agreed to be trained on how to report an ADR. 88.63% knew about the existence of pharmacovigilance committee in the institute.93% of participants knew that Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is responsible for monitoring of ADRs. 56.82% were aware about VIGIBASE an online software to report ADR. 81.82% of participants had agreed to witness ADRs in patients but only 38.64% reported them. The main reason behind it was non – availability of ADR forms. 42.55% opine that mobile based app would be the most preferred method to send ADR information to an ADR reporting center.Conclusions: There exists a huge gap between ADR experienced and ADR reported by PG students. Participants agreed upon necessity of reporting ADR and periodic briefing about PV.
Analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius in Swiss albino mice
Authors: A. Hemalatha , A. T. Sathiya Vinotha
Published: May 2019

Background: Pain is defined as an unpleasant feeling caused by intense or damaging stimuli. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius known as “Elephant foot yam” is a highly potential tropical tuber crop of Araceae family. The tubers are used as antihaemorrhoidal, haemostatic, expectorant, appetizer, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac and rejuvenating agent. Diclofenac, a COX inhibitor is used as analgesic widely. Analgesic activity of alcoholic extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius has been proved in previous animal studies.Methods: Swiss Albino mice of either sex (20-30g) were procured from the central animal house of KFMS&R, Coimbatore. Animals were maintained under controlled temperature and light conditions with food and water ad libitum. Mice were kept in the department to get acclimatized. 24 mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Drugs were given orally after 12 hours of fasting. Group I was the control received normal saline, Group II received standard-diclofenac (25mg/kg). Group III and Group IV received aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg respectively.Results: The latency period of Group IV (aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 400mg/kg) was significant (p<0.01) compared to Group I (controls) and Group II (standard) was significant (p<0.001) when compared to Group IV (aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 400mg/kg) by hot plate method. In acetic acid induced writhing when compared to control, the percentage inhibition of aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius was 43.65% at 200mg/kg, 46.09% at 400mg/kg and that of the standard was 54.39%.Conclusions: It was concluded that aqueous extract of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius has analgesic activity due to peripheral and central inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis. The extract may have phytoconstituents which inhibit COX enzyme peripherally or act on central opioid receptors(µreceptors) for producing analgesia. It can be used as an add-on drug there by reducing side effects by conventional analgesics.
A prospective observational study on drug utilization pattern in medical intensive care unit of a tertiary medical care hospital
Authors: R. Divyashree C. , K. Nalini G. , M. Suresh R. , P. Deepak , N. Sahana G. , Nagaral Jayashree V. , N. Mohith , V. Rakshitha B.
Published: May 2019

Background: Drug utilization research is a part of Pharmacoepidemiology defined by the WHO as the study of marketing, distribution, prescription, and use of drugs in a society, with special emphasis on the resulting medical, social and economic consequences. Conducting periodic studies of pattern of drug use in our hospital setting is essential to critically analyse the current hospital drug policies and to make recommendations based on various guidelines to improve upon the current drug usage pattern. Aims and objectives of the study was to generate data on the drug utilization pattern in Medical ICU and to monitor antimicrobial usage in MICU.Methods: Patients who were admitted in medical ICU of Hassan institute of Medical Sciences were recruited based on inclusion-exclusion criteria. The study was conducted over a period of 3 months from April 2018 to June 2018. The demographic and clinical treatment data of patients were collected. The prescriptions were assessed as per the WHO indicators.Results: Common causes of admission were suicidal poisoning, snake bite, viral thrombocytopenia, myocardial infarction and stroke. The average duration of stay was 5.74 days and average number of drugs/patient was 5.26. Pantoprazole, Ranitidine, Ceftriaxone, Atropine, Pralidoxime, ASV, Ondansetron, and N-acetylcysteine were commonly prescribed drugs. 42.4% of drugs were prescribed by generic names and 84.2% of the drugs were prescribed from Essential Medicine List.Conclusions: This study will provide database to address prescription protocols and guide appropriate use of drugs in the ICU setting.
Polypharmacy and predictors of high level polypharmacy in patients with diabetic nephropathy in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Jose Josephine V. , Devi Padmini , Satish Renuka
Published: May 2019

Background: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Polypharmacy is common in DN as pharmacotherapy is complex with multimorbidity. The objectives of the study are to assess the prevalence and patterns of polypharmacy and to determine the predictors of high-level polypharmacy among patients with diabetic nephropathy in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among adult patients with DN visiting nephrology outpatient department (March 2015 to August 2016). Data on demography, disease characteristics, and treatments were collected. Baseline data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Categorical variables and predictors of polypharmacy were analysed using Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression respectively.Results: Mean age of patients was 58.14±10.44 years with male preponderance (72.7%). A majority of patients had comorbidities (76%). Hypertension was the most common co-morbidity (98.7%). Majority (64%) were in DN stage 4-5 and 58% of patients were undergoing hemodialysis. Mean number of drugs prescribed was 9.25±2.5. Anti-hypertensives (95.3%) were the major drug class prescribed. Polypharmacy (>5 drugs) was noticed in 95.3% patients and high-level polypharmacy (>10 drugs) in 46.7%. Presence of ≥3 comorbidities is a significant predictor of high-level polypharmacy (OR-1.414: 95% CI (1.008, 1.982), p=0.045).Conclusions: Polypharmacy was noticed in a majority of patients with high level polypharmacy in more than one third of patients with DN. Presence of ≥3 comorbidities were found to be significant predictor of high-level polypharmacy.
Cost comparisons of five leading brands of the antihypertensive drug, Telmisartan, available in an Indian city
Authors: Rajadnya Vikram A. , Bedi Sheena R.
Published: May 2019

Background: Antihypertensive drugs have to be taken lifelong, after initiation of the treatment. Price variation can lead to huge economic burden on the patients of hypertension, especially when cost considerations are not undertaken by the prescribing physician . This study was undertaken to compare the annual cost , to the patient , of five different most commonly prescribed brands of Telmisartan 40 mg, in Kolhapur city.Methods: Authors purchased a strip of 10 tablets each of the five leading brands in one city, Kolhapur, India, of Telmisartan 40 milligram. The prices of the strip of 10 tablets of each of the five selected brands were compared.  In turn the annual cost of each of these five, was compared directly as well as using percentages. The data was collected, analysed and presented.Results: The data of the cost of the preparations of five different brands of a single antihypertensive drug, Temisartan 40 milligram shows that the annual cost of the costliest among the three brands of this drug is almost three times , that of the cheapest brand, or in other words almost 300 percent that of the cheapest brand.Conclusions: the cost variation amongst the five brands was considerable. India being a country with a major chunk of the population being very price sensitive, the prescribing physician must select the brand carefully. The most costly preparation of Temisartan can significantly add to the burden on the patient’s annual budget. Thus, Pharmacoeconomics must take an important place while prescribing medicines, especially in a country like India.
ПРОГНОЗНО-ПОИСКОВАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ЭПИТЕРМАЛЬНЫХ Au-Ag МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ КИСЛОТНО7СУЛЬФАТНОГО ТИПА ПО ДАННЫМ ДЕШИФРИРОВАНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ СНИМКОВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РУДНОГО ПОЛЯ СВЕТЛОЕ, ХАБАРОВСКИЙ КРАЙ)
Authors: Ананьев Юрий Сергеевич , Житков Владимир Георгиевич , Поцелуев Анатолий Алексеевич
Published: May 2019

Актуальность. Расширение минерально-сырьевой базы действующих горнодобывающих предприятий требует современных подходов в изучении сопредельных площадей. Одним из таких современных методов в изучении площадей является использование современных спектрозональных космических снимков в целях выделения потенциально рудоносных площадей на основе структурно-вещественного дешифрирования. Основная цель исследования заключалась в разработке критериев эпитермального золото-серебряного оруденения в пределах Охотско-Чукотского вулканического пояса на основе материалов дистанционных съемок. Объектами исследования послужили известные рудные таксоны юго-восточного фланга Ульинской минерагенической зоны Охотско-Чукотского вулканического пояса. Методы: обработка, спектральный анализ и дешифрирование современных спектрозональных космических снимков Landsat, Aster и снимков высокого пространственного разрешения Ikonos, WorldView, QuickBird. Результаты. Разработаны региональные, локальные и детальные критерии Au-Ag оруденения на примере одного из участков Ульинской минерагенической зоны. Структурными критериями регионального уровня являются участки пересечения разнонаправленных разрывных нарушений во вложенных соподчиненных кольцевых структурах диаметром от 20 до 90 км. Структурно-вещественные критерии локального уровня – области сопряжения систем вложенных соподчиненных кольцевых структур размером от 1 до 10 км с зонами развития Fe-окисных индексов. К структурно-вещественным критериям детального уровня отнесены малые кольцевые структуры, выполненные телами вторичных кварцитов различных минеральных ассоциаций, сопряженные с зонами развития Fe-окисных индексов, внутри участков пропилитового типа изменений. На основе выявленных особенностей строения рудного поля Светлое, дан прогноз о перспективности южного и юго-восточного фланга на выявление золото-серебряного эпитермального оруденения. Предложена иерархическая дистанционная прогнозно-поисковая модель эпитермальных Au-Ag месторождений.
ВЛИЯНИЕ АЦЕТАТ- И ЦИТРАТ-ИОНОВ НА ПРОТЕКАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА КАТОДНОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ Yb(III) НА РТУТНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОДАХ
Authors: Коршунов Андрей Владимирович , Ковалева Светлана Владимировна , Абрамова Полина Владимировна , Горлушко Дмитрий Александрович
Published: May 2019

Актуальность. Иттербий, его сплавы и соединения характеризуются особыми термоэлектрическими, магнитными и оптическими свойствами; иттербийсодержащие материалы находят применение в военной и атомной промышленности. Вследствие высокой химической активности, а также сходства с другими редкоземельными элементами технологии выделения иттербия включают большое количество операций, в их числе осаждение, электролиз, цементация, адсорбция и др. Особенностью иттербия (а также европия и самария) по сравнению с другими редкоземельными элементами является возможность катодного осаждения на ртутном электроде и образования амальгамы при сравнительно невысоких отрицательных потенциалах. В связи с этим исследование закономерностей протекания электродных процессов с участием иттербия является актуальной задачей как с фундаментальной, так и с технологической точки зрения. Цель: определить особенности влияния комплексообразователей (ацетат- и цитрат-ионов) на протекание процесса катодного восстановления Yb(III) на ртутных электродах. Объекты: оксид иттербия, хлорная и уксусная кислоты, растворы солей (NaClO4, LiCl, N(C2H5)4Cl, ацетата и цитрата натрия) и щелочей (NaOH). Методы: полярография постоянного и переменного тока, циклическая вольтамперометрия. Результаты. Уточнена область потенциалов протекания катодного процесса Yb(III)®Yb(II) (1×10–4…1×10–3 М) на ртутных электродах (капающем, стационарном) в некомплексообразующих и комплексообразующих (ацетатном, цитратном) фоновых электролитах в широком интервале рН=2…9. Установлено влияние комплексообразования Yb(III) на соотношение токов восстановления ионов иттербия и водорода и на устойчивость промежуточного продукта Yb(II) катодного процесса в среде раствора. Показан каталитический характер химической реакции окисления Yb(II) ионами водорода в прикатодном слое раствора на протекание процесса Yb(III)®Yb(II) в области потенциалов –1,3…–1,5 В (нас. х.с.э.). Интерпретация результатов электрохимических исследований проведена с использованием расчётных диаграмм Е-рН для систем Yb–H2O–CH3COO– и Yb–H2O–Cit3– в сравнении с системой без комплексообразователя. Показана важность учёта состояния Yb(III) в растворе и условий электролиза при протекании катодного процесса.