bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Privatization In Transitional Countries Influence Enterprise Efficiency Growth: A Case Of Croatia And Slovenia
Authors: Vitezi? Neda
Published: March 2016

This paper explores the impact of privatization on the efficiency growth of enterprises in two transitional countries, which did not follow the same privatization model. The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of privatization on micro and macroeconomic indicators. Research will be based on ten-year time-series analysis, using both financial and other indicators. Particular emphasis will be placed on efficiency and profitability growth by analyzing separately large, medium, and small enterprises. The expressed hypotheses, which will be tested through statistical data analysis, are related to the statement that the privatization model utilized did not contribute to the efficiency of the entire economy. However, it did contribute to the efficiency of particular segments of enterprises. The second hypothesis is that the recent growth of small business efficiency will decrease while medium and large enterprise efficiency will increase. Finally, the third hypothesis is related to the impact of enterprise performance in ten years period on macroeconomic indicators. The development of small business in both countries in the early years of transition will be examined. During this time of period, small businesses tended to experience more efficiency growth than other enterprises. However, there currently appears to be a shift in efficiency and profitability growth to medium and large enterprises. Therefore, another aim of this research is to determine what factors may have caused these differences and lead to the opinion about future efficiency growth in countries in transition.
The Economic Impact Of International Trade In A Small Regional Economy: The Case Of Miami, Florida
Authors: Cruz Robert David
Published: March 2016

This study estimates the economic impacts from international trade activity in Miami-Dade using an input-output model developed with IMPLAN software. Common observations suggest that international trade is an important determinant of the long-term economic growth of the metro areas economy, as well as a key factor in the regions pattern of short-run business cycles. The logistics of international trade requires not only port operations, but also involves numerous components of the transportation network. Local manufacturing firms are also likely to be involved in exporting or production requiring imported intermediate goods. BLS establishment survey data is used to identify the direct employment and labor compensation in industries that are directly involved in the movement of international cargo. Census data on origin of exports is used to estimate the direct impact of international trade related local manufacturing. An economic model for Miami-Dade County is then used to estimate the local indirect and induced impacts of international merchandise trade.
A Model For The Regulation Of Technology Innovation
Authors: Alliton Vaughn
Published: March 2016

Technology has had an impact on society for centuries. Martin Luther wouldnt have stated the Protestant Religion without the help of Gutenbergs Printing Technology.(Spar, 2001) In the last few centuries the affect that technology has had on business and commerce has been increasing and at a more rapid pace, just within the communications area, the pace from Telegraph, to Telephone, to Radio, to Television, to the Internet, ad now Wireless. We are now to a point that the economy is driven, to a great extent, by the technology that underlies it, and the changes to that technology drives more and more of the economic growth. It is, therefore, important to understand not only how technology affects the economy but also how to improve the technology innovation process so that the continued growth of the economy isnt stagnated but encouraged to grow at its fastest reasonable pace. This paper lays out, first, ways in which the economy is and has been affected by technology, second, how technology evolves and is incorporated into businesses and the larger economy, and third, a model for government involvement in this innovation cycle, in hopes that the cycle can run its most efficient and effective course.
The Effects Of South-South Migration On Economic Development And Its Security Implications
Authors: Andreopoulos George , Andreopoulos Giuliana Campanelli , Antoniou Eliana , Panayides Alexandros
Published: March 2016

Over the last thirty years international migration, defined as voluntary plus involuntary movement of people across borders, has increased enormously. Approximately half of all international migration has taken place within the developing countries and the annual growth rate has been steeper compared to the one of developed countries. Surprisingly, the vast parts of the literature on international migration concentrate on the North-South migration, without considering the South-South one. The scope of this paper is threefold: to analyze the phenomenon of international migration within developing countries, to provide a theoretical framework to study its effect on the receiving countrys economic development and to assess some of its security implications.
How Women Are Depicted In Ads? A Content Analysis Study With Brazilian Advertisements
Authors: Acevedo Claudia Rosa , Nohara Jouliana Jordan , Arruda Ana Laura , Tamashiro Helenita R. Da Silva , Brashear Thomas
Published: March 2016

The main purpose of this paper was to examine female roles portrayed by advertising. More specifically, the question that motivated this research project was: What messages about women have been given to society through advertisement? Have these portrayals been changed during the past decades? The study consisted of a systematic content analysis of Brazilian commercials from 1973 to 2000. The population from which this sample was drawn consisted of Brazilian commercials which got an award in international and national festivals. A probabilistic sample procedure was employed. Ninety five pieces were selected. The categories and operational rules used in the study were developed based on previous research. This study has proposed that female images in advertising are depicted in three different ways: stereotyped, idealized and plural portrayals. Our results have revealed that some specific images have changed; however, they continued to be stereotyped and idealized.
Beta Risk Estimation In Stocks
Authors: Maniatis Paraschos , Gioulbaxiotis Nicholas
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study is to estimate the Beta Risk Coefficient of 15 shares, which are included in the FTSE index. The risk evaluation when dealing with stocks is a very important factor, which should be taken into consideration from the inventor for the following reason: The profitability of a stock goes together with the risk of an adverse movement of the stock value. So, if the investor wants to plausibly expect high returns on his stock, he has to reckon with a high degree of risk. And inversely, high-risk stocks are the only ones promising high returns on the stock. This is the way, by which a stock exchange market works, and it cannot, by logical necessity, work in any other way. Now, given the closed positive relationship between high returns and high risk, the question rises whether the risk associated to a stock can be predicted, so that the investor is in a position to have an estimate of this undertaken risk. For this purpose various methods have been developed, some of them being of heuristic nature (technical analysis, evaluation of external information, study of the balance-sheet of the company involved etc.), other being of probabilistic and/or of statistical nature. Between the latter we can mention the most popular ones, namely the market index model (or simply the market model) due to Sharpe (1963), which postulates a linear relationship between the return on a stock and the return on the market, and can be used to decompose total risk into diversifiable and non-diversifiable risk-components, and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which is rather a model of assets pricing, was developed by Sharpe (1963) and Lintner (1965).
Gender Differences In Economic Knowledge In Greece
Authors: Makridou-Bousiou Despina
Published: March 2016

This paper focuses on the effect of gender differences on learning and understanding economics. More particularly, data resulting from an empirical review of relevant bibliography is discussed in the first part and the results of pertinent studies that were carried out in Greek schools are presented in the second part. With respect to high school education, Greek findings demonstrate that when girls receive the same amount of economic instruction as boys in senior high school (lyceum), they score higher than them, despite the fact that performance is measured by TEL, which is a standardized test advantaging the male way of thinking as shown by American researchers. Indeed, the superiority of girls over boys in Greek senior high schools becomes even more important considering the disadvantages of the measurement tool which is further emphasised by the fact that Greek students are not well accustomed to M-C tests. We should note however, that the difference observed is marginally statistically significant. With respect to higher education, the results showed that TUCE III is reliable for Greek economic education and more particularly with regards to the subject of interest in this paper, the boys exhibited considerably and statistically higher economic understanding than the girls. This result is consistent with the bibliographys findings.
An Investigation Of The Effect Of Methods Of Recording Accounting Principle Changes On The Decisions Of Users In The United States, Germany, And Austria
Authors: Nichols Linda M. , Buerger Kurt H.
Published: March 2016

Formerly in the United States, most accounting principle changes were traditionally recorded using the cumulative effect method, wherein the net effect of the principle change flows through the income statement as a special item. International accounting standards, in comparison, have recorded accounting principle changes retrospectively by adjusting beginning stockholders equity in the year of the change. In 2002, the FASB began a convergence project with the IASB, in which they have and are attempting to agree on standard accounting treatments in areas in which the U.S. standards and IAS differ. The project initially looked at seventeen areas of difference in which it was believed that convergence could be reached. One of those areas was in accounting for principle changes. Resulting from the convergence project, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154 in 2005, which changes U.S. GAAP to require that accounting principle changes be recorded retrospectively, as is required by international standards. This study examines the decisions of statement users in the U.S., Germany, and Austria to determine if the method of accounting used for principle changes affects their decisions. The findings reveal that the method used in interaction with the home country of the user has a significant effect on the decisions of statement users.
Performance Of Deterministic And Stochastic Trends Models In Forecasting The Behavior Of The Canadian Dollar And The Japanese Yen Against The US Dollar
Authors: Ouandlous Arav
Published: March 2016

The literature on modeling and forecasting exchange rate behavior shows that complex forecasting exchange rate models do not often outperform ARIMA models. We show that the same forecasting models applied to forecast the behavior of the Canadian dollar and the Japanese Yen against the US dollar produced varying forecast performance.
A Universal Perspective On Communication: What Every International Business Manager Should Know
Authors: Smith Donald C.
Published: March 2016

Communication is neither good nor bad. It is simply a tool. Used well it nets good results, applied poorly it makes situations worse. The key then, for any manager, is to properly assess a situation and subsequently choose an appropriate strategy for participation. Intercultural Communication events are especially challenging with so many variables at play. Drawing upon the concept of The Expert Spectator this paper demonstrates that a universal perspective of communication exists, one that can be applied regardless of cultural orientation. When communication is seen on a continuum from the expressive to the instrumental it is much easier to be an appropriate and effective communicator in International Business settings.
Wine Tourism After The Direct Shipment Revolution: Implications And A Proposed Methodological Framework
Authors: Goldberg Martin A. , Murdy James
Published: March 2016

The United States Supreme Court recently considered challenges to two state laws regarding direct shipment of wine and spirits from out-of-state. Michigan law banned these direct shipments completely, requiring sales from out-of-state to be made through a Michigan wholesaler, even though it permitted direct shipments from within the state. New York law similarly banned direct shipments, although it created a narrow exception for out-of-state wine producers who maintained a place of business within New York. In Granholm v. Heald, the United States Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of these laws in light of the constitutional prohibition against state laws that unreasonably burden interstate commerce. The Court held that these laws did in fact impermissibly discriminate against interstate commerce, and were unconstitutional. It held that a state may permit direct shipments or prohibit them, but it could not create a discriminatory system where in-state direct shipment were permitted but out-of-state shipments were prohibited or burdened with additional costs. This decision left it to the individual state governments to fashion whatever direct shipment laws they wished, as long as the laws did not treat shipments from out of state differently from shipments within the state. As the individual states respond to this mandate, we can see how these new laws will impact wine tourism, actual and Internet travel for the purpose of experiencing and purchasing regional wines.
The Implementation Of ISO9000 In Vietnam: Case Studies From The Footwear Industry
Authors: McCornac Dennis C. , Bich Tran Thi Hong
Published: March 2016

Following the implementation of "doi moi" or economic renovation policies in Vietnam in the late 1980s, State-Owned Enterprises have been forced to compete in a market economy environment. This new focus on competition necessitates a change in the quality management system. Looking at the process of ISO 9000 implementation in two Vietnamese footwear companies, this article examines the effect of different interpretations by top management of the need for and commitment to ISO 9000 certification. The results suggest that management attitude plays an important role in determining the process and impact of ISO implementation.
Long-Term Performance Of Foreign Food And Beverage Equities Traded On The New York Stock Exchange: A Look At Investment Opportunities
Authors: Elliott R. Stephen , Schaub Mark
Published: March 2016

Because of the growth of international trade and the increase in sales and profits in the food and beverage industry in recent years investors may believe there is a great opportunity to reap high returns from foreign equities. Cumulative excess returns from all newly issued foreign food and beverage equities over a 36-month period following the date listed on the New York Stock Exchange are tested for significant differences in performance to determine whether they outperform the S & P 500 returns. Although the 36-month cumulative excess returns are not significant, findings indicate that the food and beverage ADRs performed 13.55 percent lower than the S & P 500 Index which serves as a proxy for the market in general. Food and beverage seasoned equity offerings outperformed initial public offerings.
Monetary Policy: Its Impact On The Profitability Of Banks In India
Authors: Rao Punita
Published: March 2016

This purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on the profitability of banks in the context of financial sector reforms in India. We discuss the financial sector reforms and the implication of the banks, the various instruments of monetary policy in India, and the impact of monetary policy on the profitability of banks.
Economic Conditions And How It Effects Trade Between The U.S. And India
Authors: Bosloper Michael J. , Castellano Angela , England Ruthann M. , Galdi Dinh , Snyder Tricia C.
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the economic conditions that effect trade between the U.S. and India. Examining the existing economic conditions of both countries is important to determine the current and future trade issues that both countries may face. Since Indias formation in 1947 and up until 1991, India was a closed economy with strict controls and regulations regarding trade. After a severe economic crisis in 1991 India started opening its borders to foreign trade, embraced globalization and drastically liberalized its trade policy. However, the exploding population in India is having strong economic and environmental implications for India and how it relates to the rest of the world.
The Value Relevance Of Value Added And Stakeholder Compensation Across Business Cultures
Authors: Darcy John
Published: March 2016

This research performed a partial test of the instrumental validity of the stakeholder model by examining the value relevance of value added relative to income and the incremental value relevance of two stakeholder compensation components of value added, wages and interest for Japan, Germany, United States, and United Kingdom.
Innovation In The Automotive Industry In Thailand
Authors: Bunhlua Junyaporn , Chan Peng
Published: March 2016

This paper reviews the nature of innovation, and seeks to assess the current status of Thailand as an innovative economy, to identify what innovation strategies are available and are being implemented, and to examine in some detail the automotive sector as a case in point. Thailand is gaining recognition as the Detroit of Southeast Asia. Both Japanese and American automobile manufacturers are investing heavily in Thailand, bringing with them the opportunity for local companies to become part of the supply chain. The Thai government has the opportunity to assist these Thai companies to become innovative, with some expectation of innovation-related spin-off effects for other manufacturing sectors. This paper describes some of the Thai government programs in support of innovation, and assesses the governments communication strategy in making Thai companies aware of its programs and getting Thai companies to buy into its programs.
A Methodology For Developing And Testing The Effectiveness Of Using Entrepreneurial Skills And Supply-Side Innovations To Improve The Performance Of Small And Medium Sized Enterprise
Authors: Ekanem Nkanta Frank
Published: March 2016

The study identified and took stock of the supply-side resources, which can be harnessed for entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. Although there is a considerable gender gap in entrepreneurial development, the study reveals that there is a considerable desire for private sector-driven entrepreneurial development, supported by a large pool of highly educated and relatively young entrepreneurs, who may be responsible for the enormous growth in the number of new businesses formed since 1990. Future studies and government empowerment policies should be directed to addressing the problem of the limited management and technological orientations identified in this study to enable funding initiatives to be beneficial.
A Study Of Customer Interface In E-Banking In China
Authors: Wang Zheng , Lawler James
Published: March 2016

With the accession of China to the World Trade Organization (WTO), banking in the country is anticipated to be fully liberalized by 2007. Banks in China are accordingly reforming their businesses, in order to address challenges from foreign banks and to compete effectively in a liberalized economy. Banking on the Internet is frequently considered by the financial industry as a critical differential in a global economy. This study explores Web sites of key Chinese banks on building blocks of e-Banking customer interface, consisting of context, content, communication, connection, community, customization and commerce, and evaluates the readiness of China for 21st century competitive e-Banking. The study contributes insight that can benefit business directors in banks in China in attempting to improve their e-Banking strategy in the growing global market.
Nigeria Versus Creditors: Who Really Owes Whom?
Authors: Omotoye Richard O.
Published: March 2016

By current international standards, Nigeria is Africas largest debtor, and indeed, one of the worlds most debt-depressed. In view of that reputation and the stigma normally attached to it, the title of this paper- understandably so- might sound illusory, and may be even ridiculous to many. But even as unbelievable or fanciful as it might sound, there are solid, credible facts and figures that justify its relevance and validity. Conventionally speaking, Nigeria is by all means a huge debtor. In fact, its debt is so huge that hopes for repayment are beginning to fade. But viewed from a more comprehensive standpoint, facts and figures sharply contradict the overwhelming perception of indebtedness. The study, taking a more comprehensive approach, provides a reassessment of Nigerias external debt amount, and compares its findings with creditors figures. The findings are startling. In contrast to conventional wisdom, Nigeria is actually a net creditor vis--vis the rest of the world, with positive net credit ranging from estimates of $51.9 billion to approximately $117.8 billion. The paper concludes with findings that will further intensify the divide between the two sides of the debt debate: those in favor of forgiveness, and those against. The mere prospect of a possible obliteration of the detrimental stigma of indebtedness symbolizes a promise of new possibilities and hopes for Nigeria and other debt-depressed sub-Saharan African countries.
An Examination Of The Effects Of The February, 2001 Crisis (Turkey) On The Performances Of The Low-Q And High-Q Firms
Authors: Karadagli Ece C. , Omay Tolga
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the effects of the February 2001 Economic Crisis (Turkey) on the low-Q and high-Q firms. In the study, our sample is composed of the firms that are actively being traded on Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) during that time, and is divided into two sub-samples based on their Tobins Q values. As firms with high Tobins Q values are supposed to have lower debt levels we proposed them to be less affected by the crises: their debt repayment commitments are lower, although they are expected to be under the burden of higher interest rates. On the other hand, low-Q firms have incentives to overinvest due to the high levels of available free cash and they may be under the burden of some perquisites expenses. But because of the asset substitution affect, the investments undertaken by low-Q firms are expected to be safer projects while high-Q firms may have undertaken more risky projects. To test our hypothesis that the crisis would affect the low- and high-Q firms to differing extends, we construct the average mean excess returns of both sub-samples and use the Large Sample Test of Hypothesis About a Population Mean method. Our results mainly confirm our expectations: we found that the average mean excess negative returns of high-Q firms were higher than that of low-Q firms during the February 2001 Crisis, indicating that high-Q firms are more riskier in an economic crisis setting than low-Q firms, which in turn implies that the effects of the conflict between equityholders and debtholders dominate the affects of the conflict between managers and the shareholders.
Portfolio Diversification With NAFTA Equities
Authors: Hubbard Carl M. , Suarez E. Dante
Published: March 2016

The results of our analysis suggests that diversified investment in the Mexican stock market has provided significant diversification and returns enhancement benefits to U. S. investors and that Canadian stocks offer only occasional return/risk improvement over a U.S. equities portfolio. When correlations among the three markets are considered, we see diversification opportunities in the longer periods of returns but also increasing convergence of the Mexican and Canadian markets with the U.S. stock market in recent years. The implications of our findings are that, if 17 years of returns data are representative of future expectations, there are clear return/risk enhancing advantages to including Mexican stocks in U.S. portfolio.
Accelerated Mortgage Process: An Analytical Evaluation
Authors: Boliari Natalia , Topyan Kudret
Published: March 2016

A traditional mortgage process is a simple contract between the mortgage provider (mortgager) and the mortgage holder (mortgagee). Contract, in general, is initiated upon closing of the real estate sale, and the payments are scheduled monthly; with the first payment is due at the first day of the first month after the closing date. The most common traditional mortgage in the US is a 30-year fixed rate loan. Others are 20, 15, or 10 year fixed-rate ones or flexible rate loans with several different maturities.
Reshaping Corporate Asia
Authors: Geib Peter , Pfaff Lucie
Published: March 2016

In the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98, the Pacific Rim countries, especially the Southeast Asian economies, had to find ways of dealing with the effects of globalization. Especially in the financial sector, the international community was demanding the rule of law, international accounting standards, transparency, and a corporate structure that will permit investors and lenders better access to corporate decision-making. The research here is revisiting four countries Korea, Singapore, Thailand, and China to examine the progress of these economies in regard to corporate restructuring.
The Effect Of Cultural Values, Professional Engineering Cultures, And Technology On International Joint Ventures In Mexico And The United States
Authors: Nieves Robert , Mujtaba Bahaudin G.
Published: March 2016

Recent economic developments and changes in international trade relations are increasing the number of international joint ventures that are managed by professional engineers. This trend has created a need for a greater understanding of the interaction and effect of values, culture, and technology in a multicultural environment on the likelihood of success and the performance of international joint ventures. This study discusses the cultural values, professional engineering cultures, and the effect of technology on the values of engineering managers and subordinates and how these factors affect the formation, structure, and outcomes of international joint ventures in Mexico and the United States. Furthermore, the results of this study are obtained from the Hofstedes Value Module Survey and the Schwartzs Value Survey to distinguish between the Mexican and United States cultures.
Monte Carlo Simulation Of The Portfolio-Balance Model Of Exchange Rates: Finite Sample Properties Of The GMM Estimator
Authors: Min Hong-Ghi
Published: March 2016

Using Monte Carlo simulation of the Portfolio-balance model of the exchange rates, we report finite sample properties of the GMM estimator for testing over-identifying restrictions in the simultaneous equations model. F-form of Sargans statistic performs better than its chi-squared form while Hansens GMM statistic has the smallest bias.
A Quest For Effective Vision: Evidence From Australia
Authors: Kantabutra Sooksan , Avery Gayle C.
Published: March 2016

While leaders are widely exhorted to espouse visions, very little is known about what characterizes effective visions. A research model was tested to examine relationships between seven literature-derived vision attributes (brevity, clarity, future orientation, stability, challenge, abstractness, and desirability or ability to inspire) and content (customer and staff satisfaction imageries), and the performance outcomes of customer and staff satisfaction in retail stores in Sydney, Australia. Extending previous research, literature-derived Store Manager, Staff and Organizational Factors were simultaneously taken into account. Findings endorse the importance of espousing a vision characterized by the seven attributes, while vision content rendered no significant effects. The Store Manager and Staff Factors were found to create a significant impact on store performance, whereas the Organizational Factor was not significantly related to store performance.
Productivity Shocks And Real Exchange Rates In The Long-Run: Evidence For The G3 And EU Economies
Authors: Olson Ordean
Published: March 2016

This paper analyses the relationship between productivity and real exchange rates in Japan, United States, Germany and the European Union. Prior studies have revealed that productivity shocks have a minimum effect on real exchange rate fluctuations. This paper shows that productivity shocks account for most of the long-run fluctuations in the real exchange rates when long-run equilibrium relationships of the fundamental variables are considered. This would support empirical support of the Balassa Samuelson model where the main sources of long-run deviations for purchasing power parity are the differences in relative productivity.
Emerging Markets And Ipos Hooking Up On The Global Horizon
Authors: Bishnoi Rahul
Published: March 2016

An analysis of the difficult past year shows that emerging markets have actually held their value more successfully than developed markets, with declines of considerably smaller magnitude than those seen in the U.S., Europe and developed Asia. The focus of this paper is on the emerging markets of Latin America and Asia where funds are up more than 50 percent this year after returning nearly 40 percent in 2004 and more than 60 percent in the previous year. After years of doldrums triggered by Brazil's devaluation of the real and the subsequent Argentine crisis, capital markets are regaining strength. In Chile and Brazil, for instance, mergers and acquisitions are on the rise and stock offerings are back in fashion. Even retail investors have joined institutional investors in participating in Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), such as the one from Chile's second-largest department store, Bipley. Pension funds also have been important to financing, particularly for Chile's biggest companies, though the private pension funds are near their legal limit for equity investments. The first section of the paper focuses on a general definition and characteristics of the global emerging markets. The second section of the paper concentrates on the Latin American Equity and Bond market with special attention towards the performance of the markets over the past year. The final section looks at the recent developments of the region, risks of the region and concludes with suggested policies for the future.
Management Repercussions Of The Increased Tax On Americans Working Overseas
Authors: Goldberg Martin A. , Kruth Cynthia , Miller Mary J.
Published: March 2016

The Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 extended expiring tax-reduction provisions, and created new ones. However, not all of TIPRAs provisions reduce taxes. Many Americans working abroad ended up paying higher income taxes, retroactive to the beginning of 2006. This created new managerial challenges for companies that have hired Americans in overseas positions, companies that have previously attempted to accommodate the additional costs these workers incur, and raises serious tax policy questions.
Public Subsidy Of Health Care And Health Outcomes In OECD Countries
Authors: Holstein Adora
Published: March 2016

This study determines if differences in per capita health care cost and health outcomes among OECD countries can be explained by the extent to which national health expenditures is publicly financed. The study controls, whenever multicollinearity issues can be avoided, for indicators of the quality of the health care system, health inputs and health risk factors. Using multiple regression analysis, the study finds that the quality of the health care system, not the extent of public subsidy, is the more statistically significant determinant of the cross-country variance in health outcomes.
An Interpretation Of The Technical Efficiency As The "Best Possible Deviation" From The Conditions Defined By The Weak Axiom Of Profit Maximization
Authors: Gattoufi Said , Wang Yuntong , Reisman Arnold , Oral Muhittin
Published: March 2016

This paper provides a characterization of the classical Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) model in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The characterization is based on the Weak Axiom of Profit Maximization (WAPM) in Firm Theory. Efficiency measures for Decision Making Units (DMUs) provided by the classical CCR-DEA model are derived as measurements of deviations from the conditions prescribed by the Weak Axiom of Profit Maximization (WAPM).
The Flip Side Of The Coin: An Organizational Scan Of Domestic Student Attitudes Towards Their International Counterparts
Authors: Yeung Deniss , Dunlop Ted
Published: March 2016

This study was prompted by one institutions decision to make Internationalization a strategic priority. Through ongoing internal surveys of International students, it has been possible to gauge their impressions, attitudes and areas of concern. However, on quick review of the literature, it became apparent that there is a dearth of research on how Domestic students view their International counterparts. The researchers set out to redress this imbalance and from the insights gained put forward recommendations to strengthen social interaction; influence teaching practice and embed an Internationalization dimension into programme curricula. The findings paint an optimistic picture for improving the learning experience for all students through planned and well thought out interventions.
Information Content Of Exchange Rate Volatility: Turkish Experience
Authors: Saatcioglu Cem , Korap H. Levent , Volkan Ara G.
Published: March 2016

This study constructs an empirical model of the volatility of the TL/US$ exchange rate for the Turkish economy during the post-2001 crisis period ending on August 2006. Employing the Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) estimation methodology of econometrics, we find that the volatility of a given shock to the exchange rate is highly persistent and the successive forecasts of the conditional variance converge to the steady state quite slowly. In addition, the conditional variance of the exchange rate reacts differently to a given negative shock than to a positive shock with equal magnitude. The plot of the News Impact Curve indicates that a foreign investor would face a higher uncertainty when there is an unanticipated increase in the exchange rate when compared to an unanticipated decrease.
Analysis Of The Effects Of Ethnicity On Political Marketing In Ghana
Authors: Alabi Joshua , Alabi Goski
Published: March 2016

Analysis of vote data suggests that, among other performance factors, ethnicity plays a major role in the acceptability of political marketing approaches of partisan politics in Ghana. This features quite prominently in the ethnic based voting pattern that has prevailed over the years and the communal voting pattern that is emerging in Ghana as a result of increasing urbanization. The analysis makes it evident that political parties with very strong ethnic support bases are those that have stood the test of time no matter what marketing tools or approaches are employed, though political marketing gains to a large extent depend on the features of the political product, the political product benefit and the political marketing support services. The paper compares the results of the four different elections of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and attempts to make inferences on the effects of ethnicity on the voting patterns of the four (4) Presidential elections in the Fourth Republic. The analysis uses the voting patterns as a pointer to the acceptability and effectiveness of a political partys marketing approach and by deduction, analyzes which political marketing variables contribute to the acceptability of political parties. It also attempts to generate understanding of the political marketing variables such as dimensions of the Political Market, the Political Product and the Political Product Support Services and compares effects of these variables with effects of ethnicity on political marketing outcomes in Ghana. The paper specifically compares features of the political product which include Party Philosophy, Perceived Party Identity, Manifesto, Political Party Leadership, Previous Performance, Particularistic Benefits, Party Paraphernalia on elections outcomes among identified or classified ethnic groups at regional or communal level. In addition, the analysis reveals that personality, perceived party image or identity of the political party and communication are salient in determining political marketing outcomes or fortunes of a political party and to a less extent political product benefits based on past performance and experiences, whereas effects of particularistic benefits and party paraphernalia or the political marketing support services are less prominent.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) As An Innovative Element Of Direct Marketing And Its Impact On Market Performance. A Strategy To Personalize Market Massification Creating A Change In The Culture Of Management With The Client: A Focus To Increase C
Authors: Aizcorbe Alejandra Costa
Published: March 2016

Customer Relationship Management (CRM), is the central focus of this investigation. Speaking of CRM is not speaking about technology, just as speaking of hospitality is not laying a Welcome mat at an entrance. This investigations theme sustains its importance in the quest for company profitability through the development of customer loyalty and knowledge and by implementing CRM processes that may work as value engines and at the same time be specific actions aimed at achieving cultural changes in customer management. Therefore, the investigation in Mexico has a central focus on companies where knowledge of the client and direct contact with him is the very reason of the companies existence. Based on this, one searches for a concrete solution through an integrate model which one may service a conglomerate of firms in the Mexican corporate sector through a satisfying and profitable commercial mix for the companies profile which is the objective of this work. With this investigation, it will be demonstrated that CRM processes can generate a change in the culture of client management and create a new focus within organizations to optimize the effort of direct commercialization, generating profitability based on customer loyalty and knowledge. With the development of this thesis a greater academic emphasis is placed in this area of marketing that seeks to demonstrate that the application of CRM processes within the field of direct analytic marketing in the Mexican market is a cornerstone in company profitability and the search for value.
Does Reliability Pay? How Reputation Can Affect Transaction Governance Investments
Authors: Warner Alfred G. , Thoms Peg , Totleben Janice A.
Published: March 2016

The role of trust in economic exchange is ill-defined. Trust between alliance partners is argued to sometimes be an alternative to costly governance mechanisms and can therefore lead to superior performance. On the other hand, relying on anything but investments to secure credible commitment to deterrence is described as myopic. This paper explores a middle ground where, in the context of a reputation network, governance costs can decline without the strict necessity of intentional trust. Using an experimental approach, we show that reputation effects lead to significant advantages for reliable players in terms of offers to ally and the quality of those offers. These advantages resulted in lower governance costs and better performance.
Agricultural Applications Of Weather Derivatives
Authors: Jones Travis L.
Published: March 2016

Weather derivatives are currently a fast growing derivatives sector. The purpose of this article is to examine the background of the weather derivatives market and some of its benefits for agricultural risk management. In addition, this article is meant to serve as an overview of the benefits and uses of weather derivatives for those who may not be otherwise exposed to this type of market. This article examines the structure of Heating Degree Day and Cooling Degree Day contracts along with agricultural hedging uses of weather derivatives, notably, a use unique in this market, hedging of volumetric risk.
Risk Management: Impact Of The Macroeconomic Variables In The Stock Market Sectors
Authors: Aguirre Juan Carlos Bribiesca
Published: March 2016

This research enhances the importance of the risk management and decision analysis, specifically addresses the impacts of macroeconomic variables in the stock market. The theoretical framework covers the evolution of investment analysis tools from portfolio management to recent financial theories applied to the Mexican Stock Market. In one of the recent works, Francisco Lopez, a Mexican researcher discovered evidences of different impacts of macroeconomic variables in the Mexican stock exchange market at a productive sector level. The scope of this work is to expand and continue to exploring these findings. The strategy is to apply statistical analysis over longitudinal data to identify and understand such impacts to the Mexican stock market. Volatility and risk impacts in the market create a challenging environment to the decision makers; analysis models could be enhanced to include these macroeconomic variables and assess impacts on specific productive sectors; the application of this knowledge will provide direct benefits to the market, the productive sectors and to the economy participants.
New Japan Production Model, An Advanced Production Management Principle - Key To Strategic Implementation Of New JIT
Authors: Amasaka Kakuro
Published: March 2016

An advanced production management principle, the New Japan Production Model to further advance TPS (Toyota Production System) called the Advanced TPS is proposed, which involves the systematization of Japanese production management methodology for strategic production. The New Japan Production Modela new management technology principle, proposed and verified in previous studieswas developed through establishing a Global Production Technology and Management Model based on New JIT utilizing three core technologies (TMS, TDS, and TPS), which relates to hardware systems, and Science TQM, which relates to software systems. Formation of the model through utilization of these core technologies signifies the high linkage of business processes that enables a speedy production cycle by using Intelligent Quality Control System, TPS-QAS, Highly Reliable Production System, V-MICS, Renovating Work Environment, TPS-IWQM and Bringing up Intelligent Operators, V-IOS. Effectiveness of the proposed New Japan Production Model was verified at Toyota Motor Corporation.
Regulation Of Charitable Organizations Operating Post September 11, 2001: U. S. Treasury Vs. Charitable Sector
Authors: McFadden Gwendolyn , Wells Jean
Published: March 2016

Charitable organizations operating internationally now function in a highly regulated world. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack in New York, the U.S. Treasury issued Anti-Terrorist Guidelines to combat and prevent the diversion of charitable contributions to support terrorist activities. The article summarizes the Guidelines and reviews alternative recommendations offered by groups representing various segments of the charitable organization community. The article concludes that the Guidelines should be withdrawn as recommended by the charitable community.
Outsourcing Practices In Malaysia: A SWOT Analysis On The ICT Industry
Authors: Dorasamy Magiswary , Raman Murali , Kaliannan Maniam
Published: March 2016

In the last decade, outsourcing has emerged as an important tool for enabling business around the world to gain full benefit. As Malaysia develops, the businesses must keep pace with changes that are occurring. Outsourcing initiatives are intended to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the business processes as well as IT performance. The rethinking of business strategies to develop and exploit core competencies, set the outsourcing bandwagon rolling. It seeks to improve the quality, cost efficiency and seize of competitive advantage. This paper discusses the potential of Malaysia as a global player for ICT outsourcing. The paper focuses on SWOT analysis of ICT outsourcing in Malaysia. This paper identifies current situations in Malaysia and discuss further with the analysis on strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threats which will give effect to the businesses and society at large. No significantThere is hardly any study has been carried out on analyzing the ICT outsourcing industrys potential in Malaysia. This is an emerging industry that Malaysian companies can should focus on by leveraging on thier and develop the strengths and avoiding the threats within the overall ICT outsourcing foray. The lack of studyies and the potential of this industry in Malaysia, have motivated the authors to write about this topic. research further and contribute to the industry in terms of how to enhance its capabilities. The SWOT analysis will be the basis for the research.Our findings suggests that, Malaysia has the strength of becoming world player in ICT outsourcing because sufficient infrastructure, strategic position of Malaysia and English language is widely spoken. These are the plus points of Malaysia to further excel as the provider of ICT outsourcing. On the other hand, the weaknesses that need to overcome is the low level of e-readiness in the world ranking. Political will and links with Middle East, China and India are the opportunities for Malaysia to laverage on its strength. However, Malaysia also need to avoid the threats such as slowly loosing competitive edge to lower cost producers namely Vietnam and China. Finally, our paper concludes with some options to enhance the capabilities of Malaysia as ICT outsourcing provider.
Reverse Logistics And Clean Technology Adoption: The Case Of The Steel Industry
Authors: Barnes William , Dhanda Kanwalroop Kathy
Published: March 2016

Promoting the diffusion of clean technology technology that helps to reduce polluting inputs and processes at the beginning of production, rather than at the end of the pipe is an important step towards more environmentally sustainable production practices. The use of clean technology coupled with reverse logistics practices is particularly effective at reducing environmental impact, and many industries are attempting to move in this direction. Reverse logistics is the process whereby a manufacturer accepts end products from consumers for possible remanufacturing, recycling, and reuse. However, the diffusion of clean technology and reverse logistics practices in the economy is not well understood, and there remains a need for case and industry analysis in order to derive theory and to provide possible lessons. This paper focuses on the core of heavy manufacturing, the steel industry. Steel producers, particularly the mini-mill sector, have a long history of relative success with various reverse logistics techniques, especially recycling. Utilizing a qualitative theoretical framework and drawing from extant case and industry data, we document and analyze the adoption and diffusion of clean technology and reverse logistics in the industry.