bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coherent Phonons, Localization, and Slow Polaron Formation in Lead‐Free Gold Perovskite
Authors: Ramesh Sankaran , Wang Yonghong , Chabera Pavel , Araujo Rafael , Aboulsaad Mustafa , Edvinsson Tomas , Gao Feng , Pullerits Tönu
Published: February 2025

Lead‐free metal halide perovskites are emerging as less‐toxic alternatives to their lead‐based counterparts. However, their applicability in optoelectronic devices is limited, and the charge transport dynamics remain poorly understood. Understanding photo‐induced charge and structural dynamics is critical for unlocking the potential of these novel systems. In this work, ultrafast optical and Raman spectroscopy combined with band structure calculations are employed to investigate the coupled electronic and vibrational dynamics in Caesium gold bromide, a promising lead‐free perovskite. It is found that the band‐edge charge transfer states are strongly coupled to Au─Br stretching phonon modes, leading to frequency modulation of absorption by coherent phonons. Early‐stage relaxation is characterized by dynamics of delocalized charge transfer excitation and slowly decaying coherent phonons. The electronic and vibrational relaxation reveals a slow formation of a localized polaronic state in the 10–20 ps timescale. Using a displaced harmonic oscillator model, the polaronic binding energy is estimated to be ≈80 meV following lattice relaxation along the phonon modes. Strong exciton‐phonon coupling and slow polaron formation via coupling to lattice modes make this material a promising testbed for the control of coherent phonons and localized polaronic states using light.
Lattice and Bandgap Modulation in Metal Halide Perovskites by B‐Site Ions Substitution
Authors: Chu Anshi , Luo Jun , Zhang Danliang , Xie Yunfei , Li Siyao , He Junyu , Li Min , Jiang Jincheng , Wu Jing , Cai Mengqiu , Zhuang Xiujuan
Published: February 2025

Metal halide perovskites have attracted much attention due to their properties and wide applications in optoelectronic devices. B‐site ion substitution, especially heterovalency substitution, is proven to be one of the practical approaches to modulate lattice structure and improve physicochemical properties. Here, lattice and bandgap modulation in all‐inorganic perovskites CsPbX3 are achieved by substituting Pb2+ with Bi3+. A series of CsPb1‐xBixBr3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) microplates with the x values precisely tuned are prepared by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The lattice structure varies from single crystal CsPbBr3 with a cubic structure to the single crystal Cs3Bi2Br9 with a hexagonal structure. Correspondingly, three photoluminescence (PL) bands gradually emerge during the substituting: green, blue, and broad red‐to‐near‐infrared emission. From micro‐area photoluminescence spectra as a function of excitation power and temperature, combined with time‐resolved PL characterization, the emission bands are confirmed from band‐edge and self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission. From density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the STE emission in CsPb0.9Bi0.1Br3 and CsPb0.1Bi0.9Br3 is highly related to a combined defect contributed by bromide vacancy and the substitution of B‐site ions. This study paves a new way for expanding the spectral range of perovskite emitters and even preparing white light‐emitting devices.
Staphylococcus Aureus Tames Nociceptive Neurons to Suppress Synovial Macrophage Responses for Sustained Infection in Septic Arthritis
Authors: Fang Xinyu , Chen Yang , Ding Haiqi , Huang Changyu , Hu Hongxin , Zhang Chaofan , Lin Yunzhi , Wang Qijin , Hu Xueni , Lin Yiming , Chen Yongfa , Zhang Nanxin , Yuan Xuhui , Huang Ying , Li Wenbo , Niu Susheng , Lin Jianhua , Yang Bin , Yuan Tifei , Zhang Wenming
Published: February 2025

The interaction between the nervous system and immune system during chronic bacterial infection remains unclear. Here, it is reported that Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection induces calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) secretion from intra‐articular transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 positive (TRPV1+) nociceptive nerves through its pore‐forming toxin (PFT) α‐hemolysin. The released CGRP then inhibits the production of chemotactic cytokines by CX3CR1+ tissue‐resident synovial lining macrophages via receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) receptors at the onset of septic arthritis. During the subsequent chronic course of infection, the continuous release of CGRP triggered by pain has a lasting effect on the antimicrobial capabilities of macrophages, thereby promoting bacterial survival and joint damage. This evidence suggests a critical role for neuroimmune regulation in S. aureus‐induced chronic septic arthritis. CGRP receptor antagonism may reduce joint destruction, thus providing a new option for treating bone and joint infections.
Reconfigurable Mixed‐Dimensional Transistor With Semimetal CNT Contacts
Authors: Li Xuanzhang , Li Yuheng , Mei Zhen , Liang Liang , Li Qunqing , Fan Shoushan , Wei Yang
Published: February 2025

Reconfigurable low‐dimensional devices are attractive for electronics in the post‐Moore era. However, their performance and function design are limited by the metal–semiconductor contacts for the Fermi level pinning and fixed Schottky barrier height (SBH). Here, semimetal carbon nanotube (sCNT) contacts are incorporated into a WSe2 transistor to address these issues. The transistor exhibits excellent ambipolar transfer characteristics with on/off ratio exceeding 107 for both hole and electron conduction. Furthermore, the output characteristics are reconfigured among the four equivalent modes, P–P, P–N, N–P, and N–N, by applying appropriate gate voltage. The significant forward and backward rectifying behaviors at P‐N and N‐P modes are highly symmetrical and have high rectification ratios of over 106. The improvements are attributed to specific semimetal contacts for the gate‐tunable SBH and the drain‐induced Schottky barrier lowering (DISBL) effect. Practical circuits include a reconfigurable filter circuit and a logic invertor have been further demonstrated successfully. The progress reveals that the semimetal contacts have great potential in future reconfigurable devices and circuits.
Self‐Reported Access to Specialized Genetics Providers Among Families of Young Children With Birth Defects in Texas
Authors: Betancourt Dayana , Shumate Charles , Yantz Caitlyn , Gandhi Henal , Drummond‐Borg Margaret , Kubenka Christina , Singletary Claire , Riconda Daniel , Agopian A. J.
Published: February 2025

Specialized genetics providers can help families of children with birth defects understand their child's condition and guide their medical treatment. The Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch (BDESB) routinely connects young children from the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR) with select birth defects to agency social workers for assistance. Beginning in November 2022, social workers asked parents they reached: “Has the parent or child met with a geneticist or genetic counselor (or visited a genetics clinic)?”. Responses were tabulated, overall and by select characteristics of interest. A chi‐square test was used to evaluate if these characteristics were associated (p < 0.05) with self‐reported access to a specialized genetics provider. Among the 400 families reached, 261 (65%) did not recall accessing specialized genetics providers. Lower access was observed among children with spina bifida or encephalocele, isolated birth defects, children without medical insurance, children meeting CDC developmental milestones, and younger mothers. Lower access was also observed in certain areas of the state, including the Texas‐Mexico border. Our findings suggest that, in Texas, more than half (65%) of families of children with select birth defects are not accessing specialized genetics providers, and additional research is needed to work toward increasing access.
Identifying the optimal dose of cannabidiol by intrabuccal administration in Kramnik (C3HeB/FeJ) mice
Authors: Omotayo Oluwadara Pelumi , Bhengu Siyethemba , Venter Kobus , Lemmer Yolandy , Mason Shayne
Published: February 2025

Background

Cannabidiol (CBD) has numerous therapeutic properties, and is used to treat neurological conditions, such as neuroinflammation. However, the optimal dose of CBD to penetrate the brain requires further investigation. The primary aim of this study was to use a mouse model and the intrabuccal route for CBD administration to determine the optimal dose at which CBD can penetrate the brain. The secondary aim was to determine whether sex is a confounding factor.

Methods

Thirty adult Kramnik mice, divided equally into three groups, were administered CBD oil intrabuccally at three doses—10, 20, and 30 mg/kg, euthanized 6 h later, and whole brain, urine, and blood samples were collected. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the collected samples.

Results

CBD and its three metabolites—7‐carboxy cannabidiol (7‐COOH‐CBD), 7‐hydroxy cannabidiol (7‐OH‐CBD) and 6‐hydroxy cannabidiol (6‐OH‐CBD), were identified and quantified in all samples. The 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of CBD produced similar results in the brain, but the group given the 10 mg/kg dose had the least variation. The 30 mg/kg dose yielded the highest abundance of CBD and its metabolites in all samples, but also the greatest variation. Sex only became a confounding factor at 30 mg/kg.

Conclusions

This study shows that the intrabuccal route of CBD administration is reliable and the 10 mg/kg dose of CBD is recommended in mice because there were good CBD metabolite concentrations in all samples, with the least variation among the doses, and sex was not a confounder at 10 mg/kg.
Direct CO2 Activation and Conversion to Ethanol via Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Meindl Alina , Heffernan Daniel , Kudermann Jürgen , Strittmatter Nicole , Senge Mathias O.
Published: February 2025

The growing demand for energy and the excessive use of fossil fuels represents one of the main challenges for humanity. Storing solar energy in the form of chemical bonds to generate solar fuels or value‐added chemicals without creating additional environmental burdens is a key requirement for a sustainable future. Here we use biomimetic artificial photosynthesis and present a dPCN‐224(H) MOF‐based photocatalytic system, which uses reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate and convert CO2 to ethanol under atmospheric conditions, at room temperature and in 2‐5 h reaction time. The system provides a CO2‐to‐ethanol conversion efficiency (CTE) of 92%. Furthermore, this method also allows the conversion of CO2 through direct air capture (DAC), making it a rapid and versatile method for both dissolved and gaseous CO2.
Selective Gold Recycling from Electronic Waste Using a Highly Stable Porous Aromatic Framework/Polymer and Its Application for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Xue Tianwei , Xu Guangkuo , Liu Chengbin , Li Ruiqing , Wu Yanyin , Guo Yuyu , Gong Shan , Shao Zeyu , Cai Xiangcheng , Zou Haoyu , Cui Linxiao , Zhao Jia , Gao Zhihong , Yang Shuliang , Li Jun , Han Buxing , Peng Li
Published: February 2025

Recycling gold from electronic waste represents a sustainable and environmentally friendly strategy for both resource recovery and waste reduction. In this study, we designed an innovative and highly stable porous aromatic framework (PAF)/polymer composite, PAF‐147/polydopamine (PDA), as an efficient adsorbent for selective gold recovery for the first time. The maximum gold adsorption capacity of PAF‐147/PDA reached 1700 mg·g⁻¹. Furthermore, it could rapidly extract over 95% of gold from solutions in a pH range of 0‐10 within just 2 minutes. Importantly, as a real application demonstration, the PAF‐147/PDA composite selectively recovered 99% of gold from the leachate of discarded central processing units. When the recovered Au‐containing composite was applied to electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, the Faradaic efficiency for CO production exceeded 95% across acidic, neutral, and alkaline electrolytes, outperforming most reported gold‐based catalysts due to the cooperation effect of the composite and Au. This work opens a new way for the combination of selective gold recovery from electronic waste with highly efficient CO2 conversion.
Efficient Removal of Emerging Contaminant Sulfamethazine in Water by Fe2O3: Roles of Morphological Features and Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Wu Guangyu , Li Geng , Wang Jingyi , Shi Shilin , Guo Simeng , Pan Yuwei , Zhang Ying , Han Jiangang , Xing Weinan
Published: February 2025

The inability to recycle Fenton reagents and a narrow pH range restricts hematite (Fe2O3) application in the actual photo‐Fenton system. The engineering of surface structures is identified as an effective approach for enhancing the photo‐Fenton activity of the material. In this work, three different morphologies (nanosheet, cube, and ring) Fe2O3 materials containing oxygen vacancies (OVs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and a novel system for the photo‐Fenton degradation of sulfamethazine was examined. In the presence of oxalic acid, the Fe2O3/oxalic acid heterogeneous catalytic system demonstrated the in situ generation of H2O2 and facilitated Fenton‐like reactions. The as‐prepared nanosheet‐Fe2O3 showed the highest photo‐Fenton degradation efficiency. The free radical capture experiment was investigated by using different free radical sacrificial agents, and the results suggested that superoxide radicals were the principal active species involved. Ecotoxicity assessments utilizing toxicity prediction software assessed the reaction intermediates generated during sulfamethazine degradation via a quantitative structure–activity relationship method, indicating that these intermediates exhibited reduced developmental toxicity. The possible pathways of sulfamethazine degradation and mechanism for synergistic degradation sulfamethazine effect between Fe2O3 and oxalic acid were proposed. This research presents an effective strategy for the design and synthesis of Fe2O3 photocatalysts with various morphologies and oxygen vacancies, suitable for application in photo‐Fenton catalysis and related environmental contexts.
Adherence and persistence with direct oral anticoagulants by dose regimen: A systematic review
Authors: Quirós López Raúl , Formiga Pérez Francesc , Beyer‐Westendorf Jan
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are used in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) to prevent complications such as embolic events. Poor adherence to DOACs increases the risk of these complications. This manuscript reviews the impact of once‐daily (OD) vs twice‐daily (BID) dosing regimens on adherence and persistence to the authorized DOACs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban) in patients with NVAF, aiming to provide insights into guide clinical decision‐making.

Methods

A systematic review was performed. First, a bibliographical search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. Articles that provided quantitative data comparing adherence and/or persistence associated with OD vs BID regimens of DOACs among patients receiving treatment for NVAF were included. Two analyses of adherence and persistence were conducted, one based on the overall outcomes and another, more restricted, to minimize the risk of overestimating results. Additionally, univariate analyses were conducted based on the number of follow‐up days and the DOAC molecule.

Results

Thirty‐nine studies, involving 976 494 patients, were analysed. The OD regimen demonstrated significantly higher adherence and persistence (P < .05) than the BID regimen in most outcomes. Adherence favoured OD in 53.1% of cases, while only 12.2% favoured BID. Similarly, persistence was higher with the OD regimen in 67.7% of cases compared to 14.9% for the BID regimen. These results remained consistent over time; nevertheless, variations were observed depending on the specific DOAC molecules.

Conclusion

Adherence and persistence of treatment with DOACs in patients with NVAF were greater for the OD than for the BID regimen.
Population pharmacokinetics and dosing of dispersible moxifloxacin formulation in children with rifampicin‐resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Palmer Megan , Zou Yuanxi , Hesseling Anneke C. , van der Laan Louvina , Courtney Ingrid , Kinikar Aarti A. , Sonkawade Naresh , Paradkar Mandar , Kulkarni Vandana , Casalme Dessa Jean O. , Frias Melchor V. G. , Draper Heather , Wiesner Lubbe , Karlsson Mats O. , Denti Paolo , Svensson Elin M. , Garcia‐Prats Anthony J.
Published: February 2025

Aims

Moxifloxacin is a priority drug for treating rifampicin‐resistant tuberculosis (RR‐TB). We assessed the pharmacokinetics of a child‐friendly, dispersible 100 mg tablet moxifloxacin formulation (dispersed in water) compared to the standard 400 mg non‐dispersible formulation (crushed and suspended in water) in children and evaluated current dosing recommendations.

Methods

The CATALYST trial investigated the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in children with RR‐TB. Children were enrolled in South Africa, India and the Philippines. Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling was undertaken while children were taking the standard non‐dispersible 400 mg moxifloxacin tablet formulation and repeated after switching to the novel dispersible formulation. Pharmacokinetic data were analysed using population pharmacokinetic modelling. Simulations were performed to evaluate moxifloxacin exposures in children compared to consensus adult reference exposures using current World Health Organization (WHO)‐recommended doses and more recent model‐based doses.

Results

Thirty‐six children were enrolled [median age 4.8 (range 0.4–15) years and weight 15.6 (range 6.9–42.1) kg]. A two‐compartment disposition model with first‐order elimination and delayed absorption was developed. The bioavailability of dispersible versus standard formulations fulfilled standard bioequivalence criterion (ratio 1.05 with 90% confidence interval 0.95–1.15). Simulations showed WHO‐recommended doses achieved exposures similar to those in adults in children >10 kg, while children <10 kg may require 33%–56% higher doses to reach adult reference exposures.

Conclusions

Dosing recommendations for children can be the same for the dispersible paediatric and standard non‐dispersible adult moxifloxacin formulation. The current WHO dosing recommendation risks underdosing moxifloxacin in children <10 kg. We propose optimized moxifloxacin doses for both formulations.
Investigation of Listening Effort in Tinnitus Patients by Providing Similar Peripheral Auditory Function With Control Group
Authors: Sendesen Eser , Turkyilmaz Meral Didem
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Previous studies have investigated listening effort in tinnitus patients compared to healthy individuals. These studies reported similar pure tone hearing thresholds between groups but did not investigate possible peripheral auditory dysfunction, which could affect the central auditory system and increase listening effort even when hearing thresholds are within the normal hearing range. This study aimed to investigate the presence of listening effort in tinnitus patients by controlling for peripheral auditory function (PAF).

Methods

This study included 16 chronic tinnitus patients and 23 matched healthy controls, both with normal hearing thresholds. The subjects were assessed using 0.125–20 kHz pure‐tone audiometry, a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), the matrix test, auditory brainstem response (ABR), and electroencephalography (EEG). EEG alpha band activity was recorded from parietal electrodes (P3, P4, Pz).

Results

The increase in alpha band power during the encoding phase of sentence presentation in tinnitus patients was less than that in the control group. We found higher VAS scores in tinnitus participants. We did not find significant differences in matrix test scores, ABR amplitude, or absolute latency values between groups. The EEG alpha power change and THI did not show a significant correlation.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the listening effort of tinnitus patients and healthy controls using EEG alpha band power while controlling for hearing and PAF. Tinnitus patients may expend more listening‐related effort despite having similar PAF to the control group.
How Are TBI Symptoms Interconnected? A Network Analysis Approach
Authors: Bindels Helen , Sommer Sascha , Ohmann Tobias , Seddigh Susann , Schuler Michael
Published: February 2025

Background

Many patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) across all levels of severity experience persistent psycho‐emotional, cognitive, and somatic symptoms. Psychological network theory views disorders as intricate systems rather than discrete diseases. This study employs an exploratory network analysis method to uncover potential causal links among long‐term TBI symptoms.

Methods

We examined persistent symptoms using secondary data from 250 TBI patients undergoing an inpatient “brain check” procedure. We constructed two partial correlation networks: one for the entire sample and another for a mild TBI subgroup, each consisting of 14 symptoms and three covariates. The symptoms and their connections were visualized in network graphs to identify potential causal, and structural indicators and centrality indices were calculated.

Results

The analysis revealed two dense networks characterized by multiple complex connections. In the overall network, symptoms are clustered into psycho‐emotional and cognitive communities, with attention deficits serving as a crucial link between them. One finding was that self‐reported cognitive impairments do not align with objectively measured deficits. Within the mild TBI subgroup, PTSD emerges as a central node in the network.

Conclusion

Network analysis reveals the multidimensional and reciprocal nature of long‐term TBI symptoms. Attention deficits bridge cognitive and psycho‐emotional areas, whereas psycho‐emotional symptoms influence self‐perceived performance. Self‐reported cognitive impairments should be emphasized in therapy as they are linked rather to sleep, visual disturbances, and anxiety than to objective deficits. Network analysis is valuable for understanding TBI symptom complexity and exploring treatment options. Future research should utilize longitudinal designs to validate our findings.
The Synthesis Effects on the Performance of P2‐Na0.6Li0.27Mn0.73O2 Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zeng Cuihong , Zhang Ziqin , Peng Jiming , Qiao Jia , Pan Qichang , Zheng Fenghua , Huang Youguo , Wang Hongqiang , Li Qingyu , Hu Sijiang
Published: February 2025

Sodium‐layered oxides are a promising category of cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries with high energy densities. The solid‐state method is the typical approach to synthesizing these oxides because of its simple procedure and low cost. Although the reaction conditions have usually been understated, the effect of reagents has often been overlooked. Thus, fundamental insight into the chemical reagents is required to perform well. Here we report in situ structural and electrochemical methods of studying the effect of using different reagents. The materials have a composite structure containing layered NaMnO2 and Li2MnO3 components, where oxygen anionic redox can be triggered at high voltage by forming Na–O–Li configurations. The samples synthesized via MnCO3‐based precursors form the Li2MnO3 phase at evaluated temperature and perform better than those through MnO2‐based precursors. This work demonstrates that the reagents also impact the structure and performance of sodium‐layered oxides, which provides new insight into developing high‐energy cathode material.
Thriving: The Positive Experiences of Tenured Faculty Mothers in Counselor Education
Authors: Appling Brandee M. , Crumb Loni , Stubbs‐Brown Breanna V. , Crawford Carey C.
Published: February 2025

In this feminist phenomenological study, experiences of tenured faculty mothers in counselor education were explored. The researchers developed five themes: (a) linking motherhood to counselor education, (b) creating work–life harmony, (c) establishing multiple layers of support, (d) celebrating the wins, and (e) pushing back and moving forward. These findings suggest that mothers in counselor education have a range of experiences that shape their personal and professional identities and buttress career success. Research, practice, and advocacy implications are addressed.
Implementation of beaker CP for flow cytometry: Workflow optimization and integration at Stanford Health Care
Authors: Oak Jean , Gitana Gary , Wei Sibing , Parry Melissa , Tan Brent
Published: February 2025

Implementing a new laboratory information system (LIS) presents an opportunity to improve operational efficiency and streamline reporting by refining workflows by utilizing LIS functionality. Flow cytometry laboratories face unique challenges because the specimen and test results may be categorized under clinical pathology (CP), anatomic pathology (AP), or both. We describe the design and implementation of reporting flow cytometry results within the Epic Beaker CP module, its interface with the Epic Beaker AP module, and integrated reporting for AP/CP cases at an academic institution. This manuscript emphasizes the challenges and steps needed to integrate anatomic and clinical pathology workflows by leveraging LIS functionality to implement electronic and predominantly paperless workflows within a flow cytometry laboratory.
Adults With Dyslexia Use Internalised Beat Cues Less Than Controls When Estimating Interval Length
Authors: Torres Nathércia Lima , Batista Ana Rita , Sousa José , Folia Vasiliki , Baltos Dimitris , Mesquita Ana , Silva Susana
Published: February 2025

Difficulties in both duration and beat‐based time perception are common in individuals with dyslexia (DD). It is also known that internalised beat cues may aid in duration processing. This study investigated whether the difficulties in duration processing among DD stem from their inability to utilise internal beat cues. Participants with and without dyslexia estimated intervals ranging from 500 ms to 10 s. In the beat cue condition, participants listened to a sequence of 500 ms beats before the interval, and in the no beat cue condition, they were exposed to silence while EEG was recorded. Interestingly, the two groups did not differ in duration estimation performance, but they did differ in their utilisation of beat cues, with DD showing less sensitivity to these, whether the impact was negative (cues before shorter intervals) or positive (before longer intervals). Brainwave entrainment to the target frequency was significantly higher compared with entrainment to a non‐target frequency, and cross‐group differences were null. Our findings suggest that DD may have difficulties either in retaining the beat when it is no longer audible, or in using the internalised beat for duration estimation. Nevertheless, they can achieve comparable accuracy to neurotypical adults, possibly through compensatory strategies.
Chirality Communication and Transmission within Palladium(II) Quadruple‐stranded Helicates
Authors: Ma Zhao , Gan Quan
Published: February 2025

Over the past few decades, supramolecular chirality in discrete metallosupramolecular architectures has garnered significant attention. This concept offers a comprehensive overview of chiral metal‐organic coordination‐driven structures, particularly those of the M₂L₄ type. The focus is on recent advancements in quadruple‐stranded metallosupramolecular complexes, where chirality emerges not from a specific arrangement of ligands around metal centers, but rather from ligand twisting and inter‐ligand interactions. Special emphasis is placed on homochiral metallo‐assemblies, exploring chiral intra‐ and inter‐molecular transmission and chirality induction via guest encapsulation. We hope this concept will be of interest to researchers aiming to design novel, intricate homochiral metallosupramolecular structures with increased complexity and enhanced functional potential.
The Effect of Proximity‐To‐Failure on Perceptual Responses to Resistance Training
Authors: Refalo Martin C. , Helms Eric R. , Hamilton D. Lee , Fyfe Jackson J.
Published: February 2025

Perceptual responses may influence how much pleasure or displeasure an individual experiences during or following resistance training (RT). Resistance‐trained males (n = 12) and females (n = 6) completed an 8‐week intervention involving two RT sessions per week. The lower limbs of each participant were randomised to perform the leg press and leg extension exercises either to (i) momentary muscular failure (FAIL) or (ii) a perceived 2‐RIR and 1‐RIR, respectively, for the entire intervention. In weeks one, four, and eight, post‐set ratings of perceived discomfort (RPD), and post‐session ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and general feelings via feeling scale (FS) were measured. Data were analysed with Bayesian mixed‐effect models. When averaged over all time points measured, results showed slightly greater RPD for FAIL [5.1 (HDI: 4.2–6.0); pd = 100%] versus RIR [4.1 (HDI: 3.2–5.1); pd = 100%], greater RPE for FAIL [5.4 (HDI: 4.6–6.3); pd = 100%] versus RIR [4.3 (HDI: 3.5–5.1); pd = 100%], and more positive general feelings for RIR [1.2 (HDI: 0.7–1.8); pd = 100%] versus FAIL [0.3 (HDI: −0.3 to 0.8); pd = 86%]. Overall, assessing perceptual responses may help inform RIR prescription to promote desired outcomes whilst limiting negative feelings that may compromise long‐term adherence.
Early PCOS Detection: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Ensemble Machine Learning Models With Advanced Feature Selection
Authors: Mohi Uddin Khandaker Mohammad , Bhuiyan Md. Tofael Ahmed , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Islam Md. Manowarul , Uddin Md Ashraf
Published: February 2025

PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common hormonal disorder that affects many women during their reproductive years. It is marked by hormonal imbalances, leading to ovarian cysts, and can result in health issues such as infertility, diabetes, and even heart problems. Diagnosing PCOS accurately and early can be challenging, as it requires specific medical expertise. However, spotting PCOS promptly allows individuals to follow medical recommendations, which can lead to healthier lifestyles. In this study, we examined a dataset consisting of 541 patient records to enhance the detection of PCOS using advanced machine learning techniques. We established a data preprocessing pipeline that rigorously addressed missing values and identified outliers, while also normalizing the data to ensure it was ready for input. For feature selection, we applied advanced techniques such as SelectKBest, Chi‐Square, and XGBoost. These methods helped us pinpoint the most predictive attributes, which improved the interpretability and efficiency of our models. Hyperparameter tuning was carefully performed through grid search and cross‐validation, ensuring that each model was optimized for the best prediction accuracy. Importantly, our research highlights how effective machine learning can be in predicting PCOS. The logistic regression and support vector machine model stood out with its remarkable accuracy of 99.7753%. Furthermore, we created a user‐friendly web application to facilitate smooth deployment and real‐time analysis. This provides healthcare professionals with a handy tool for identifying early risks related to PCOS. The web application features an intuitive interface where users can easily input clinical information and receive immediate risk assessments.
A 3D SEM‐FEM Multiscale Framework for Seismic Analysis of Hydraulic Tunnels Considering Source‐to‐Structure Simulation
Authors: Sun Benbo , Deng Mingjiang , Xu Yan , Xu Jia
Published: February 2025

The realistic prediction or simulation of the seismic behaviour of critical structures is highly sensitive to many aspects, including the earthquake source, propagation path, region topography, geological conditions and local complex structural dynamic analysis system. However, integrating the above key factors in a framework for generating realistic ground motions (GMs) and conducting dynamic analyses at specific engineering sites remains challenging. This task necessitates assessing the crucial elements involved in the seismic design of hydraulic tunnels (HTs), with the ultimate objective of safeguarding human lives in areas prone to seismic activity. To achieve this objective, a multiscale framework leveraging the spectral element method (SEM) and finite element method (FEM) is proposed. This framework involves establishing a coupling strategy between the SEM and FEM to address geological media–structure interaction problems. The SEM is utilised to generate and propagate elastic waves within the soil, while the FEM allows the studied structure to be comprehensively represented. The coupling technique is implemented using the weak‐coupling strategy in conjunction with the time domain reduction method (DRM). Then, a series of dynamic analyses and seismic performance assessments of the HT with the coupling SEM‐FEM method are conducted. The results indicate that (1) the nonlinear dynamic responses of the HT induced by the physical‐based GM align with the recorded GMs, verifying the practicability of the proposed framework for source‐to‐HT simulation; (2) physical‐based GMs of the hanging wall and foot wall, rupture fault distances and mountain locations can significantly impact the seismic performance of HTs.
Model Parameter Estimation for Hysteretic Behavior Simulation of FRP‐Jacketed Reinforced Concrete Columns
Authors: Kim Yoon Jae , Lee Chang Seok , Jeon Jong‐Su
Published: February 2025

Fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composite jackets have been widely used to retrofit reinforced concrete (RC) columns within structural systems. This study proposes a lumped plasticity model to simulate the nonlinear load‐deformation response of FRP‐jacketed RC columns under seismic loading. An experimental database of 98 FRP‐jacketed RC columns was assembled, including those with partial‐ or full‐height jackets, circular or rectangular cross‐sections, continuous or lap‐spliced longitudinal reinforcement, and various FRP materials. The database is used to calibrate parameters of the hysteretic material model. Regression analysis was conducted to develop model predictive equations. Each predictive equation was established using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation from 10 candidate design variables. Among the candidate FRP‐related design variables, the FRP quantitative ratio and its ultimate strength were selected for inclusion in the empirical model parameter equations. The proposed model demonstrates better accuracy than the existing model in reproducing experimental load‐deformation responses. Finally, the proposed model was applied to an FRP‐retrofitted RC building frame with lap‐spliced rebars to examine the seismic performance of the FRP retrofit compared with existing approaches. Overall, the proposed lumped plasticity approach for FRP‐jacketed RC columns offers improved versatility, accommodating a broad spectrum of column geometries, and computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy in predicting load‐deformation response.
Västlänken E02‐Centralen – Large excavation pit in Gothenburg's soft clay retained by diaphragm walls
Authors: Sawitzki Holger , Bürger Olaf , Scholz Christian
Published: February 2025

Currently, comprehensive construction works are ongoing within the West Link Project in Gothenburg, whereby a railway tunnel is built below central Gothenburg, consisting of five construction lots including three underground stations. The purpose of the Centralen lot is to connect the commuter traffic to Nils Ericson terminal and to Gothenburg's Central Station by a new four‐track underground station with two platforms. Designed as an underground structure, the new station was built by NCC Infrastructure (NCC) as a cut‐and‐cover tunnel. As the ground consists only of very soft clay down to great depth, the design and construction of the underground station was particularly challenging. Additionally, the complexity of the site conditions is enhanced by limited space, adjacent buildings and existing infrastructure crossing the site. Swedish Transport Administration, Trafikverket (TrV) decided for an early contractor involvement (ECI) contract to overcome the challenges of the Centralen lot. In the first phase, a multidisciplinary project team defined the construction methods, logistical constraints, general design and set a target price. Wayss & Freytag Ingenieurbau AG (W&F) was appointed as a subcontractor for heavy special foundation works. The team developed a solution using diaphragm walls (D‐Walls) to create the excavation pit for the new station, which is up to 18 m deep and 50 m wide. S&C Consult GmbH (S&C) served as a consultant during the planning and construction phase and in the quality assurance of the D‐Walls. It should be emphasised that this was only the fifth D‐Wall project in Sweden. Thanks to the constructive and open cooperation of all parties, the work was successfully completed on schedule in July 2023.
Assessing UVA and Laser‐Induced Crosslinking via Brillouin Microscopy
Authors: Iriarte‐Valdez Christian A. , Wenzel Johannes , Baron Emilie , Claus Alexandra Y. , Kalies Stefan , Sperlich Karsten , Stachs Oliver , Torres‐Mapa Maria Leilani , Heisterkamp Alexander
Published: February 2025

Keratoconus and other corneal ectatic disorders involve the degradation of collagen fibers, which compromises the corneal biomechanical properties. Ultraviolet‐A (UVA) crosslinking has emerged as the primary treatment to slow down collagen degradation. This treatment is limited in both penetration depth and spatial precision, potentially leading to unwanted side effects. This study compares the changes in biomechanical properties of corneas crosslinked with UVA irradiation and a near‐infrared femtosecond laser, using Brillouin microscopy. The biomechanical properties of the crosslinked regions were mapped in terms of Brillouin frequency shift in three dimensions. UVA crosslinking showed an average increase in Brillouin frequency shift of ~100 MHz. We demonstrate targeted spatial and axial corneal femtosecond crosslinking, with similar Brillouin frequency shift values to UVA in crosslinked regions.
Photobiomodulation of Blue Light Enhance Melanoma Cellular Recovery Following Viral Infection via Mitochondrial Pathways
Authors: Qin Haokuan , Jiang Hui , Huang Shijie , Yang Jiali , Fu Qiqi , Zhang Ruixiao , Chen Zeqing , Liu Muqing
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to elucidate the response of B16F10 cells to blue light following infection with an empty adenoviral vector (Adv). Twenty‐four hours post‐infection, the B16F10 cells underwent phototherapy, and a range of cellular parameters were assessed, including cell viability, melanin content, cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis, necrosis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and autophagy. The findings indicated that Adv infection elevated melanin content and autophagy, resulting in G1 phase cell cycle arrest. In comparison to the control group, light‐treated, Adv‐infected cells exhibited reduced inhibition rates, LDH release, apoptosis, and necrosis, while MMP and ROS levels were elevated. The study concluded that although Adv, as a gene delivery vector in conjunction with light therapy, significantly modulated melanin content and autophagy. Moreover, while melanin's light absorption capacity mitigated MMP reduction, the resultant excitation molecules generated ROS, enhancing oxidative stress.
Device‐Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Risk of Chronic Kidney Diseases Across Levels of Grip Strength
Authors: He Yu , Wang Jing , Zhang Weijie , Chen Xinru , Wu Qiqi , Li Yuxuan , Ou Yiliang , Liu Yaping , Feng Hongliang , Zhang Jihui , Ai Sizhi , Liang Yannis Yan , Ning Yuping , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2025

Background

The study aimed to investigate whether the associations of accelerometer‐measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) vary based on different levels of hand grip strength, identifying the modifying role of grip strength in these associations.

Methods

The study included 87 487 adults from the UK Biobank. PA and SB were quantified using accelerometers over 7‐day period, while grip strength was assessed using a hand dynamometer. CKD events were ascertained through hospital records or death registries.

Results

Participants had a mean age of 62.3 years, with 57.2% (50 062) identifying as female and 97% as White. Over a median follow‐up of 7.0 years, the total incidence rate of CKD was 4.7 per 1000 person‐years. Participants who performed higher volumes of PA were more likely to be younger; have better control of body weight, blood glucose and blood pressure; and have fewer major comorbidities (p < 0.001). Total PA, moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), and light intensity PA (LPA), were inversely associated with CKD risk in a dose–response manner (all poverall < 0.050). In contrast, SB was associated with a higher risk of CKD (poverall < 0.001). Hand grip strength significantly modified the relationship between PA, SB, and CKD risk (pinteraction < 0.10). The associations of total PA (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59–0.84), MVPA (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65–0.88), LPA (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69–0.94), and SB (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.21–1.69) with CKD risk were more remarkable among individuals with lower hand grip strength. Of note, physical inactivity ranked higher in relative strength for predicting CKD than hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.

Conclusions

Hand grip strength could significantly modify the associations of accelerometer‐measured PA and SB with the risk of CKD. Regardless of intensity, PA consistently correlates with reduced risk of CKD, while SB is associated with increased risk, especially among individuals with lower grip strength. Notably, physical inactivity was found to be as predictive of CKD as traditional risk factors, highlighting the importance of promoting PA, especially among those with lower grip strength.
Impacts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and El Nino‐Southern Oscillation on Regional Precipitation Concentration
Authors: Kang Yinhong , Ni Tiefeng , He Shuai , Cao Zihua , Wu Guixiong , Tong Jianghao , Ye Zhaokai
Published: February 2025

Exploring the regional precipitation concentration index (PCI) provides profound insights into the distribution patterns of rainfall within a specific area. This study utilised daily precipitation data from Sichuan Province to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of PCI on annual and seasonal scales, as well as its potential relationships with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A modified Mann‐Kendall test was employed to identify significant trends in the PCI. Furthermore, this study examined the relationships between the daily concentration index (CID) and the monthly concentration index (CIM), along with their spatiotemporal characteristics. The remote potential relationships between PCI and ENSO/PDO were analysed using cross wavelet transform and correlation test. The results indicate that: (1) A significant positive correlation exists between CID and CIM in the central Sichuan basin (CB) region, while this correlation is not significant in other regions. (2) There is a non‐significant decreasing trend in precipitation concentration across Sichuan Province, primarily observed in spring. (3) The spatial and temporal distribution of PCI in Sichuan Province becomes increasingly variable and irregular with decreasing longitude and increasing elevation. (4) The negative impact of ENSO and PDO on annual PCI and autumn PCI significantly diminish from east to west. In summer, the potential negative impact of PDO on Seasonal precipitation concentration index (SPCI) significantly decreases from north to south. This study provides key information to reveal the variations and potential influences of meteorological and hydrological processes in Sichuan Province.
Oropharyngeal Cancer and the HPV Vaccine: Analysis of Social Media Content
Authors: Matthews Makayla R. , Abdulbaki Hasan , Ryan William R. , Hackman Trevor G. , Farzal Zainab
Published: February 2025

Objective

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a well‐documented cause of cervical, oropharyngeal, vaginal, vulvar, anal, and penile cancers, largely preventable with the HPV vaccine. We aim to characterize the most popular TikTok videos pertaining to HPV‐associated cancers and vaccination with a focus on oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods

Observational study of public social media content. The top 200 TikTok videos that appeared when searching for #HPVvaccine and #Gardasil individually were included and analyzed on the basis of creator characteristics, viewer reach, content, and accessibility. Characteristics of each video were counted if mentioned or listed in the caption.

Results

Forty‐four percent of videos originated from creators self‐identifying as health care professionals and had an average of 129,525 (SD: 59,997) views. 72.0% were pro‐vaccination, and 17.5% were specifically anti‐vaccination. Only 14.0% mentioned all six types of HPV‐related cancer (including oropharyngeal). Other mentions included HPV prevention (62.0%), transmission (31.0%), infection risk factors (12.0%), and vaccine side effects (23.0%), while only 7.5% specifically regarded vaccines as safe. 35.5% of creators identified the Gardasil vaccine as appropriate for both men and women.

Conclusions

Medical professionals have a strong presence on TikTok and overwhelmingly support HPV vaccination for cancer prevention but miss the mark in associating high‐risk HPV with non‐cervical cancers, addressing vaccine safety, and clearly defining who is eligible for the HPV vaccine/Gardasil. Despite oropharyngeal cancer eclipsing cervical cancer as the most common HPV‐related malignancy, there is still a dearth of online patient education about this disease and the potential treatment/prevention measures available.
Long‐Term Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Monopolar Radiofrequency Device for Skin Tightening: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Wang Zhongshuai , Li Li , Zhang Xiaofeng , Li Zhenzhen , Yan Yan
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel monopolar RF device for skin tightening and rejuvenation treatment.

Methods

Forty participants were enrolled in the study. Subjects randomized to the treatment group received a single treatment with the novel RF device (YOUMAGIC), whereas the control group received regular RF treatment (Thermage CPT; Solta Medical). Digital photographs and Antera 3D photographs were taken at baseline, 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month posttreatment. The depression volume of nasolabial folds (NLFs) in each visit was evaluated using the Antera 3D imaging program. The pain was evaluated by pain measurement scales immediately after treatment. Any procedure‐related side effects were documented and examined.

Results

Posttreatment results were compared with the baseline; statistically significant mean depression volume (MDV) changes of NLFs were found at 1, 3, and 6 months posttreatment. No significant MDV changes were found between the treatment and control groups. No severe adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that the novel monopolar RF device is clinically safe and effective for skin tightening in the lower face area, and is not inferior to the regular RF therapeutic device.