bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediating Role of Cerebellar Subregion Volume in the Relationship Between Gait Speed and Working Memory
Authors: Won Junyeon , Callow Daniel D. , Purcell Jeremy J. , Smith J. Carson
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The relationship between gait speed and working memory is well-understood in older adults. However, it remains to be determined whether this relationship also exists in younger adults; and there is little known regarding the possible neural mechanism underlying the association between gait speed and working memory. The aims of this study are to determine if there is: 1) an association between gait speed and working memory performance; and 2) a mediating role of cerebellar subregion volume in the correlation between gait speed and working memory in healthy younger adults.Methods: 1054 younger adults (28.7±3.6 years) from the Human Connectome Project were included in the analyses. A four-meter gait test was used to assess gait speed. The N-back task was conducted to measure working memory performance [accuracy and response time(RT)]. T1-weighted structural MRI data (obtained using Siemens 3T MRI scanner) was used to assess cerebellar subregion volumes. Linear regression and mediation analysis were used to examine the relationships between the variables after controlling for age, sex, and education. Results: Faster gait speed was associated with faster working memory RT in younger adults. Greater cerebellar subregion volumes were associated with faster gait speed and better working memory performance. Faster gait speed was correlated with faster working memory RT through greater volume of cerebellar region VIIIa. Conclusions: The present study suggests faster gait speed is associated with faster RT during working memory tasks in younger individuals. The specific subregion of the cerebellum (VIIIa) may serve as an important neural basis linking gait speed and working memory.
A Compilation and Characterisation of Lithic Populations in Common and Kimberlite Maar-Diatremes and their Tephra Ring Deposits
Authors: Fitzgerald Michelle Kathleen , White James Daniel Lee
Published: July 2021

Maar-diatreme volcanoes are the second-most common type on land, occurring in volcanic fields within all major tectonic environments. Their deposits typically contain an abundance of lithic fragments quarried from the substrate, and many contain large, deep-sourced lithic fragments that were erupted to the surface. Primary volcaniclastic deposits fill the diatreme structure formed during eruption. There is negligible inelastic deformation of diatreme-adjacent country rock, indicating that country rock is removed to create the diatreme structures, either by being shifting downward below observable levels, ejected upward to contribute to surficial deposits, or dissolved and hidden in magma erupted or intruded at depth. No previous study has systematically reviewed and analysed the reported lithic fragments of maar-diatreme systems. We present a comprehensive compilation from published work of lithic characteristics in maar ejecta rims and in diatreme deposits of both common and kimberlite maar-diatremes. For maar-diatremes and their tephra ring deposits, we find no correlations among lithic clast sizes, shapes, depositional sites, and excavation depths. This is difficult to reconcile with models involving systematic diatreme deepening coupled with tephra-ring growth, but consistent with those involving chaotic explosions and mixing. Larger amounts of data are needed to further examine how these types of volcanoes operate.
Intramedullary Nailing Combined With Adjunct Plate or Blocking Screw for Proximal Tibial Fractures
Authors: li Jie , Wang Qian , Li Zhong , Zhang Kun
Published: July 2021

Objective: To compare the traditional approach of intramedullary nail with an extra plate versus the nail combined with blocking screws for proximal tibia fractures without the knee involved. Methods: From January 2013 to January 2017, a total of 36 patients who suffered from proximal tibial fractures unaffecting the knee were enrolled into this prospective study, and divided into two groups by random number table method. Of them, 19 patients received an interlocking intramedullary nail combined with an extra plate for internal fixation of the fractures (the plate group), while the remaining 17 patients had fractures fixed with the nail combined with blocking screws (the screw group). The perioperative, follow-up and radiographic data were compared between the two groups. Results: All the 36 patients underwent operation smoothly without iatrogenic neurovascular injuries. The plate group proved superior the screw group regarding to operation time and intraoperative X-ray exposure (P＜0.05) , nevertheless the former was inferior to the latter in implant cost and hospital stay (P＜0.05) . The follow-up period lasted for 12～24 months with a mean of (15.62±4.71) months. There were no statistically significant differences in the time to return ambulation and the time to full weight-bearing activity between the two groups (P＞0.05) . At the latest follow up, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding knee range of motion and Johner-Wruhs grades for clinical consequences (P＞0.05) . In terms of anterior knee pain, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05) . In respect of radiographic assessment, the plate group had significantly less residual malalignment than the screw group, including anteroposterior and lateral displacements, as well as angulations in coronal and sagittal planes (P＜0.05) . To the latest follow up, all patients in both group got bony healing of the fractures without a statistical difference in fracture healing time between them (P＞0.05) , and no loosening or breaking of the implants were showed on images in anyone of them. Conclusion: Both the nail plus plate and nail plus blocking screw do achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes for proximal tibial fractures unaffecting the knee. By comparison, the nail combined with plate facilitates to regain and maintain better alignment of the leg regardless of higher implant cost.
Die Ranunculaceae der Flora von Zentraleuropa: Familie Ranunculaceae A. L. De JUSSIEU 1789, Gen. Pl.: 231, nom. cons. – Hahnenfußgewächse
Authors: Kadereit Joachim W. , Melzheimer Volker
Published: July 2021

Die Ranunculaceae sind eine der sieben Familien der Ordnung Ranunculales. Mit ca. 2500 Arten in 55 Gattungen sind sie die größte Familie der Ordnung. Da Gattungsgrenzen teilweise unklar sind, kann keine endgültige Gattungszahl angegeben werden. Die vorliegende Bearbeitung behandelt vor allem die Morphologie und Ökologie der Vertreter der Familie und enthält auch einen Schlüssel zum Bestimmen der im Gebiet verbreiteten Gattungen der Familie Ranunculaceae.
Die Ranunculaceae der Flora von Zentraleuropa: Thalictrum
Authors: Hand Ralf
Published: July 2021

Um die Jahrtausendwende bestand bereits weitgehende Einigkeit darüber, dass Thalictrum als monophyletische Gattung innerhalb der Ranunculaceae nächstverwandt mit Isopyrum, Dichocarpum, Enemion, Leptopyrum, Aquilegia und Paraquilegia ist. Befunde basierend auf Morphologie, Anatomie, Cytologie, Phytochemie und molekularbiologischen Analysen stützen dies. Die Gattung bildet, einschließlich der bisweilen abgetrennten monotypischen Gattung Anemonella aus dem östlichen Nordamerika, eine eigene Subtribus Thalictrinae innerhalb der Unterfamilie Isopyroideae oder eine eigene Unterfamilie Thalictroideae.
Plantes utiles du Kongo Central Province, République Démocratique du Congo
Authors: Latham Paul , MbutaKonda ku Mbuta Augustin , Alliez Jean-Luc
Published: July 2021

Les végétaux et leurs produits sont de la première importance pour la vie de la population rurale de l’Afrique. Localement, ils sont couramment utilisés pour la construction, la fabrication des outils, l’emballage, comme aliments et médicaments, pour nourrir le bétail et pour la protection des cultures et des terres. Aussi, les insectes comestibles constituant une part importante de l’alimentation dans une grande partie de l’Afrique, se nourrissent de certaines plantes. Les abeilles récoltent le nectar et le pollen pour produire le miel qui est très apprécié par la population et s’avère être une précieuse source de revenus dans la province. La connaissance des utilisations et même des noms locaux de nombreuses de ces plantes est entrain de se perdre. Cette publication fournit des informations recueillies localement, ainsi que de la littérature disponible, pour plus de 800 plantes poussant dans la province du Kongo central en République Démocratique du Congo. Le but de ce livre est d’encourager la plantation et la conservation des plantes au Kongo Central, province de la République Démocratique du Congo. La plupart des plantes citées sont également présentes dans plusieurs pays en région tropicale humide d’Afrique. Il est à espérer que ce livre sera utile aux fermiers, aux guérisseurs, aux étudiants et aux diverses catégories de personnes vivant en milieu rural. Le volume 1 couvre les espèces Abelmoschus esculentus à Leptaspis zeylanica. Le volume 2 contient Leptoderris congolensis à Zinnia angustifolia.
Time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopy of synthetic REE-doped hydroxylapatites and natural apatites
Authors: Fau Amaury , Beyssac Olivier , Gauthier Michel , Panczer Gérard , Gasnault Olivier , Meslin Pierre-Yves , Bernard Sylvain , Maurice Sylvestre , Forni Olivier , Boulliard Jean-Claude , Bosc Françoise , Drouet Christophe
Published: July 2021

Using continuous and time-resolved spectroscopy, we investigate Raman and luminescence signals from synthetic hydroxylapatites doped with trivalent REE including Dy3+, Eu3+, Nd3+, and Sm3+, as well as REE in natural apatites, with laser excitations at 532 and 785 nm. We demonstrate that time-resolved spectroscopy is an efficient method to reduce luminescence from Raman spectra or, alternatively, to investigate the luminescence signals without interference from the Raman contribution. Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy is a powerful technique for generating specific high-quality luminescence spectra for the REE emission activators in apatites by using appropriate combinations of delay and gate width for time synchronization of the laser pulse and ICCD detector. This allows the unambiguous detection and identification of the activators by avoiding overlapping of various emission signals in the luminescence spectra. This is particularly useful in the case of natural samples, which often have several activators for luminescence. In the case of synthetic REE-doped apatites, a quenching process for luminescence due to activator concentration is seen for Eu3+ and Sm3+, i.e., the higher the concentration, the shorter the luminescence decay time. The interpretation of luminescence decay time in natural apatites is promising but more complex because of energy transfers between the various luminescence activators present in the crystal lattice. Luminescence is a powerful technique for detecting the presence of REE in apatites down to parts per million levels, though quantifying the concentration is still a challenge.
Single-crystal elasticity of phase Egg AlSiO3OH and δ-AlOOH by Brillouin spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Baoyun , Zhang Yanyao , Fu Suyu , Yan Wei , Takahashi Eiichi , Li Li , Lin Jung-Fu , Song Maoshuang
Published: July 2021

Phase Egg and δ-AlOOH are two typical hydrous phases that might exist in the wet sedimentary layer of subducted slabs under mantle conditions. They are thus regarded as potential water carriers to Earth’s deep mantle. In this report, we report the full elastic constants of both phases determined by Brillouin scattering and X-ray diffraction measurements under ambient conditions. Our results indicate that the hydrogen-bond configurations in the crystal structures of the two phases have a profound effect on their principal elastic constants. The adiabatic bulk modulus (KS) and shear modulus (G) calculated from the obtained elastic constants using the Voigt-Reuss-Hill averaging scheme are 158.3(201) GPa and 123.0(60) GPa for phase Egg and 162.9(31) GPa and 145.2(13) GPa for δ-AlOOH, respectively. These results allow us to evaluate elastic moduli and sound velocities of hydrous minerals in the Al2O3-H2O-SiO2 ternary system (simplified composition of subducted wet sedimentary layer) at ambient conditions, including the contrast of the acoustic velocities VP and VS for the reaction AlSi3OH = δ-AlOOH + SiO2 (stishovite) and the evolution in the elastic moduli and sound velocities of hydrous minerals as a function of density.
Crystal-chemical reinvestigation of probertite, CaNa[B5O7(OH)4]·3H2O, a mineral commodity of boron
Authors: Gatta G. Diego , Cannaò Enrico , Gagliardi Valentina , Fabelo Oscar
Published: July 2021

The crystal chemistry of probertite, a mineral commodity of B (B2O3 ~50 wt%) with ideal formula CaNa[B5O7(OH)4]·3H2O from the Kramer Deposit (Kern County, California, type locality), was investigated by a multi-methodological approach [i.e., single-crystal X-ray (at 293 K) and neutron (at 20 K) diffraction, EPMA-WDS, LA-ICP-MS, and LA-MC-ICP-MS]. As recently determined for other hydrous borates, the real chemical formula of probertite from the Kramer Deposit is virtually ideal, i.e., the fractions of other elements are insignificant. Therefore, excluding B, probertite does not act as a geochemical trap of other industrially relevant elements (e.g., Li, Be, or REE). Our experimental results confirm that the structure of probertite is built up by the so-called pentaborate polyanion [B5O7(OH)4]3− (topology: 5(2Δ + 3T)], which consists of oxygen-sharing B-tetrahedra and B-triangular units. The five (geometrical) components of the polyanion are BO3, BO2OH, BO4, BO3OH, and BO2(OH)2 groups. The pentaborate building units are connected to form chains running along [100]. Clusters of distorted Ca-polyhedra [CaO5(OH)3(OH2), CN = 9] and Na-polyhedra [NaO(OH)2(OH2)3, CN = 6] are mutually connected by edge-sharing and, in turn, connected to the pentaborate chains by edge-sharing (with the Ca-polyhedron) and corner-sharing (with the Na-polyhedron). The hydrogen-bonding scheme of the probertite structure is complex and pervasive, with 10 independent H sites (belonging to hydroxyl groups or H2O molecules) and 11 of the 14 oxygen sites being involved in H-bonds as donor or acceptors. Hence, the H-bonding network likely plays an important role in the stability of probertite. In addition, the potential utilizations of probertite are discussed.
Learning crystal field parameters using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Berthusen Noah F. , Sizyuk Yuriy , Scheurer Mathias , Orth Peter
Published: July 2021

We present a deep machine learning algorithm to extract crystal field
(CF) Stevens parameters from thermodynamic data of rare-earth magnetic
materials. The algorithm employs a two-dimensional convolutional neural
network (CNN) that is trained on magnetization, magnetic susceptibility
and specific heat data that is calculated theoretically within the
single-ion approximation and further processed using a standard wavelet
transformation. We apply the method to crystal fields of cubic,
hexagonal and tetragonal symmetry and for both integer and half-integer
total angular momentum values JJ
of the ground state multiplet. We evaluate its performance on both
theoretically generated synthetic and previously published experimental
data on CeAgSb_22,
PrAgSb_22
and PrMg_22Cu_99,
and find that it can reliably and accurately extract the CF parameters
for all site symmetries and values of JJ
considered. This demonstrates that CNNs provide an unbiased approach to
extracting CF parameters that avoids tedious multi-parameter fitting
procedures.
La consagración constitucional de los derechos humanos en el Perú: Una mirada descriptiva camino al Bicentenario - I
Authors: Ugarte Boluarte Krúpskaya Rosa Luz
Published: July 2021

Este artículo busca destacar el reconocimiento de derechos fundamentales, repasando el reconocimiento progresivo en cada Constitución, buscamos identificar la consagración constitucional de los derechos humanos en el Perú en su etapa Republicana en el marco de su aniversario del bicentenario. Es un trabajo propuesto desde dos enfoques, uno reconocer la estructura del Estado peruano a nivel de las 12 Constituciones, y en segundo lugar identificar los derechos fundamentales reconocidos en ellas, ayudando para entender estos, el período histórico que tocó vivir a cada Constitución, consideramos que esta investigación más adelante, buscará justificar el fondo en el reconocimiento en cada derecho.
La relación de consumo en el Derecho argentino
Authors: Tambussi Carlos Eduardo
Published: July 2021

La relación de consumo es el objeto de estudio del derecho del consumidor. En el caso argentino, constituye una noción de origen constitucional que es punto de partida de la disciplina y que a la par del desarrollo legislativo de las normas sobre la materia, fue interpretada con un alcance significativo y amplio, comprensivo de todas las situaciones en que el consumidor se ve involucrado y de los riesgos que lo acechan. La verificación de su existencia en un caso provoca que tanto en la interpretación de las normas de fondo como en lo instrumental de las garantías se apliquen los principios protectorios del derecho del consumidor.
Medios de comunicación alternativos para discapacitados visuales y auditivos. Análisis legislativo
Authors: Lamas Bertrán Gretcher , Ramírez Thomas Dayamis , Londres Osorio Mary Dennis
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se pretende realizar un estudio en torno a los medios de comunicación alternativos como forma de lenguaje para las personas con discapacidad visual y auditiva, con un enfoque jurídico - constitucional, a partir de un análisis doctrinal y exegético que caracteriza el tratamiento jurídico dado a través del devenir histórico nacional, implementando propuestas de modificación al Código Civil cubano, así como la creación de una ley específica sobre discapacidad a fin de atemperar a la realidad la regulación legal de la figura que ahora se ilustra, tópico este escasamente tratado en la doctrina patria y foránea desde una dimensión jurídica. Para ello la presente investigación se ha auxiliado de diversos métodos generales tales como análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción, y específicos de las investigaciones jurídicas entre los que pueden citarse el método teórico-jurídico y exegético-jurídico.
Herramientas Digitales para Entornos Educativos Virtuales
Authors: Ccoa Mamani Flor de María , Alvites Huamaní Cleofé Genoveva
Published: July 2021

La relevancia alcanzada por las tecnologías a nivel mundial a causa de la pandemia ha conllevado a un constante incremento en el uso de las herramientas digitales en los entornos educativos virtuales. Esto debido a que la educación ha dejado de ser presencial y pasó a convertirse en educación remota en su totalidad. En razón de ello, este estudio se tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura sobre las herramientas digitales para analizar su incidencia en los entornos digitales. La metodología utilizada fue descriptiva documental y se utilizaron diversas bases de datos que permitieron recopilar la información. De un total de 81 artículos seleccionados, se depuraron 59, quedando con 22. Los resultados encontrados enfatizan en que los docentes deben aplicar las TIC en sus sesiones de aprendizaje, dado que las herramientas digitales son importantes e imprescindibles dentro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Igualmente, se advirtió que se ha incrementado el uso de herramientas digitales en sus diversas funcionabilidades.
Подготовка предложения о включении препарата в перечень ЖНВЛП. Критические пункты
Authors: Толкушин А. Г. , Холовня-Волосков М. Э. , Погудина Н. Л.
Published: July 2021

Современная система отбора лекарственных препаратов для включения в федеральные ограничительные перечни (например, в перечень жизненно необходимых и важнейших лекарственных препаратов – ПЖНВЛП) становится все более совершенной. Внедрена комплексная шкальная оценка по критериям.В настоящей статье рассмотрены три шкалы, которые являются определяющими на этапе подготовки предложения для обсуждения вопроса о включении препарата в ПЖНВЛП: оценки качества клинических исследований, оценки экономических последствий применения лекарственного препарата и оценки прочих (дополнительных) данных.Для того чтобы набрать проходной балл, а также повысить общий балл по этим шкалам, возможны действия в следующих направлениях:•включение в предложение систематических обзоров, метаанализов и рандомизированных клинических исследований и исключение исследований типа «случай – контроль», когортного дизайна, описания клинических случаев или серии случаев, а также экспертного мнения;•при планировании и проведении клинико-экономических исследований и анализа влияния на бюджеты следует обращать внимание на выбор сравниваемого препарата, целевой популяции пациентов, критериев оценки эффективности, видов затрат и методов их учета, а также временного горизонта и метода моделирования;•локализация производства на территории России либо поддержка ведущих авторитетов по лечению болезней, включая главных внештатных специалистов Минздрава, считающих необходимым применение лекарственного препарата, в т. ч. в рамках стандартов оказания медицинской помощи и клинических рекомендаций.
Reticulated platelets – a new risk factor of atherothrombosis?
Authors: Khaspekova S. G. , Shustova O. N. , Bodrova V. V. , Mazurov A. V.
Published: July 2021

In this review we described the properties of reticulated platelets (RP) and showed how variations of their content might influence platelet activity, efficacy of antiplatelet drugs and the rate of thrombotic events in patients with cardiovascular diseases. RP represent a minor platelet fraction containing residual RNA from megakaryocytes. Platelets have no nucleus and do not synthesize RNA de novo, and RNA of megakaryocytic origin is destroyed during their circulation. That is why only recently produced “young” platelets contain RNA. In healthy donors RP are identified by staining with the RNA specific fluorescent dyes by flow cytofluorimetry or using standard protocols in modern flow haematological analyzers. RP content in blood reflects the level of thrombocytopoesis in the bone marrow. RP on average amounted from 3 to 10% of all platelets in the circulation depending on the method applied for their determination. RP absolute amount and/or their percentage is changed in haematological diseases associated with the alterations of megakaryocyte productive properties. RT measurements in patients with cardiovascular diseases have shown that their content is increased in acute coronary syndrome patients. RP are larger and functionally more active in comparison with not reticulated forms. They more frequently incorporate into the platelet aggregates and contain more intracellular granules. Increase of RT content in the circulation correlates with the increase of the average size and functional activity in the whole platelet population. High RP content in patients with cardiovascular diseases reduces antiaggregative effects of aspirin and P2Y12 APD receptor antagonists and increases the risk of atherothrombotic events.
Sulodexide in the treatment of post-thrombotic disease complicated by the development of trophic defects of the lower extremities in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Zudin A. M. , Shapoval A. S.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The problem of care for patients with trophic venous ulcers remains an urgent medical and social problem, which has been aggravated again against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021. As is now known, after a COVID-19 viral infection, most patients with cardiovascular diseases experience a significant exacerbation of these ailments. This is also true for postthrombotic lower extremity disease (PTD). Many patients with edematous or edematous-painful forms of PTB after COVID-19-associated pneumonia experience formation of trophic ulcers of the distal parts of the lower extremities.

Aim. To study characteristic features of the course of ulcerative process in PTB in patients after COVID-19-associated pneumonia and to search safe and effective means, accelerating wound epithelialization in such patients.

Material and methods. Efficiency of sulodexide use in conservative therapy of 16 patients with PTB, in whom trophic defects (venous ulcers) of the lower third of the shin and foot first appeared after pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, was evaluated. At the same time, trophic ulcers were highly resistant to conventional therapy aimed at their healing. All 16 patients were unable to achieve epithelialization more than one month after the occurrence of trophic ulcers. Results. According to the results of this study it was found that the use of sulodexide as an angiotropic agent having, among other things, anti-inflammatory effect on the vessel wall in patients with trophic ulcers formed after COVID-19-associated pneumonia is justified.

Conclusions. The treatment of trophic defects of the lower limbs in patients with PTB after COVID-19-associated pneumonia has a number of regular features. Sulodexide showed high efficacy as an angiotropic agent, whose pharmacological properties are adequate to the pathogenesis of trophic ulcers taking into account the course of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Method for the transformation of complex automatic control systems to integrable form
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kamachkin Аlexander M. , Рotaрov Dmitriy K. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Yevstafyeva Victoria V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: July 2021

The article considers a class of automatic control systems that is described by a multi- dimensional system of ordinary dil'erential equations. The right hand-side of the system additively contains a linear part and the product of a control matrix by a vector that is the sum of a control vector and an external perturbation vector. The control vector is defined by a nonlinear function dependent on the product of a feedback matrix by a vector of current coordinates. The authors solve the problem of constructing a matrix of a nonsingular transformation, which leads the matrix of the linear part of the system to the Jordan normal form or the first natural normal form. The variables included in this transformation allow us to vary the system settings, which are the parameters of both the control matrix and the feedback matrix, as well as to convert the system to an integrable form. Integrable form is understood as a form in which the system can be integrated in a final form or reduced to a set of subsystems of lower orders. Furthermore, the sum of the subsystem orders is equal to the order of the original system. In the article, particular attention is paid to cases when the matrix of the linear part has complex conjugate eigenvalues, including multiple ones.
Design flood estimation with varying record lengths in Norway under stationarity and nonstationarity scenarios
Authors: Yan Lei , Xiong Lihua , Ruan Gusong , Zhang Mengjie , Xu Chong-Yu
Published: July 2021

In traditional flood frequency analysis, a minimum of 30 observations is required to guarantee the accuracy of design results with an allowable uncertainty, however, there has not been a recommendation for the requirement on the length of data in NFFA (nonstationary flood frequency analysis). Therefore, this study has been carried out with three aims: (i) to evaluate the predictive capabilities of nonstationary (NS) and stationary (ST) models with varying flood record lengths; (ii) to examine the impacts of flood record lengths on the NS and ST design floods and associated uncertainties; and (iii) to recommend the probable requirements of flood record length in NFFA. To achieve these objectives, 20 stations with record length longer than 100 years in Norway were selected and investigated by using both GEV (generalized extreme value)-ST and GEV-NS models with linearly varying location parameter (denoted by GEV-NS0). The results indicate that the fitting quality and predictive capabilities of GEV-NS0 outperform those of GEV-ST models when record length is approximately larger than 60 years for most stations, and the stability of the GEV-ST and GEV-NS0 is improved as record lengths increase. Therefore, a minimum of 60 years of flood observations is recommended for NFFA for the selected basins in Norway.
The streamwise velocity distribution in a two-stage channel with ice cover
Authors: Bai Yu , Sun Guojin
Published: July 2021

The problem of agricultural non-point source pollution has become increasingly serious. How to determine the ecological drainage ditch system is one of the effective methods to solve the agricultural non-point source pollution. This research study focuses on the velocity distribution in a two-stage section ecological channel with ice cover. The results show that the two-stage section channel with ice cover can effectively reduce the flow velocity in the channel and increase the retention time of water in the channel. By comparing with the experimental data, the accuracy of the analytical solution is high, which provides a theoretical reference for the transport of sediment and pollutions in a two-stage section channel with ice cover in the future.
Plant-wide modelling and analysis of WWTP temperature dynamics for sustainable heat recovery from wastewater
Authors: Arnell Magnus , Ahlström Marcus , Wärff Christoffer , Saagi Ramesh , Jeppsson Ulf
Published: July 2021

Wastewater heat recovery upstream of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) poses a risk to treatment performance, i.e. the biological processes. In order to perform a sustainability analysis, a detailed prediction of the temperature dynamics over the WWTP is needed. A comprehensive set of heat balance equations was included in a plant-wide process model and validated for the WWTP in Linköping, Sweden, to predict temperature variations over the whole year in a temperate climate. A detailed model for the excess heat generation of biological processes was developed. The annual average temperature change from influent to effluent was 0.78 °C with clear seasonal variations; 45% of the temperature change arises from processes other than the activated sludge unit. Hence, plant-wide energy modelling was necessary to predict in-tank temperature in the biological treatment steps. The energy processes with the largest energy gains were solar radiation and biological processes, while the largest losses were from conduction, convection and atmospheric radiation. Tanks with large surface areas have a significant impact on the heat balance regardless of biological processes. Simulating a 3 °C lower influent temperature, the temperature in the activated sludge unit dropped by 2.8 °C, which had a negative impact on nitrogen removal.
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY IN LINGUO-ECOLOGICAL ASPECT: FEATURES OF THE TERMINOLOGICAL FIELD “SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS” IN THE GERMAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Astrakhan State Medical University, LUKOYANOVA TATIANA V.
Published: July 2021

The article gives a review of the formation of a new paradigm of linguistics - ecolinguistics. It is noted that the language, as part of national culture, needs to be protected, since the death of a language is not just the disappearance of a dialect, it entails the extinction of an entire culture. At present, it is necessary to talk about an ecological crisis and an ecological catastrophe in the language sphere. The ecological catastrophe in the sphere of language is the result of such processes as globalization, the unification of cultures with the slogan of “post-modern”, the destruction of nation states and ethnic diversity, the Americanization of the patterns of “mass-culture” which finally leads to the unification of languages. The terminological field “surgical instruments” of the German language is regarded in the article in linguo-ecological aspect. The author writes that the use of borrowings is the factor that has a negative impact on the development of the national language. It is revealed that the main feature of the studied terminological field is the desire to use national terms, which are semantic borrowings. The analysis of terminological field “surgical instruments” of the German language showed that 45.1 % of the studies lexical units are the national terms.
THE SEMANTIC SYNCRETISM IN PRIMARY NOMINATIVE ACTS OF “SUCCESS” IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, POPOVA SOFYA B.
Published: July 2021

The article is aimed at identifying the group of images underlying the primary nominative acts of “success” in the Russian language. In the process of studying the language material excerpted from the dictionaries of Church Slavonic, old and modern Russian language, methods of definition, contextual, semantic-grammatical and cognitive-interpretative analysis were applied. It is established that the evolution of the verb сп ѣ ти proceeded in the direction from syncretism of the basic prototypical images (maturation, movement, readiness, help) to the formation of discrete meanings and the development of independent lexical units. The work contributes to the theory of semantic syncretism and fills in gaps in the field of cognitive comprehension of the culture-specific verbalization features on the image of success in the Russian language.
PUBLIC STATEMENTS IN THE ASPECT OF THE ELITE TYPE OF RUSSIAN SPEECH CULTURE
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, CHISTYAKOVA IRINA Y.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the elite type of Russian speech culture, the analysis of public statements of modern time in the aspect of pronunciation norms as well as individual stylistics of some rhetors.
USING GRAMMATICAL PARTICULARITIES OF FRENCH IN THE COMMENTS (THROUGH THE EXAMPLE OF SOCIAL NETWORK “YOUTUBE”)
Authors:   Astrakhan State University, CHUDINOVA YULIYA V. , POLEGOSHKO DIANA A. ,   Astrakhan State University
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the study of grammatical particularities of the French language. The research is based on the material of comments on music videos of modern and classical French performers in the social network called “Youtube”. The studied grammatical particularities include the determination and determinants of nouns, grammatical categories of nouns, adjectives and pronouns. This group of particularities is quite isolated in terms of functionality, because they are used for expressing opinions of Internet users. The authors investigate this kind of features of French in the context of morphology. The analyzed material allowed the authors to give a theoretical explanation of each grammatical particularity of the language, as well as to conduct an analytical study, to find out the frequency of their use and forms of expression. This research also allowed to obtain new data on the current state of the grammatical structure of the French language and to consider the tendencies of "oral- isation" and the linguistic changes inherent in this process, to apply new knowledge in practice. The authors conclude that the French language is morphologically complex within the norm, the same meanings have different ways of expression and there are many grammatical forms each of which has its own grammatical meaning.
ARKHANGELSK DISTRICT OF VORONEZH REGION IN THE YEARS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, KOPTELOVA ANASTASIA S.
Published: July 2021

Today, the study of the history of the Great Patriotic War is of interest both for professional historians and for those interested in Patriotic history, which, in turn, is due to a number of socio-political factors. At the same time, despite the wide interest of modern Russian society and a narrow circle of specialists in this period, there is a problem of subjective perception of the history of the Great Patriotic War. The purpose of the study is the Arkhangelsk district of the Voronezh region during the Great Patriotic War as a rear area. The scientific novelty of this article lies primarily in the fact that for the first time a description of the daily life of the Arkhangelsk district of the Voronezh region and its inhabitants during the Great Patriotic War is given. There are analyzed the activity and work of both enterprises and organizations and individual citizens in the rear. Brief biographical data of the workers of the rear of the Great Patriotic War, natives of the Arkhangelsk district of the Voronezh region are investigated, their memories are given. The article also mentions the situation of underage home front workers, their contribution to harvesting and digging trenches. The results of the study provide a broad insight into everyday life in the Soviet rear during the Great Patriotic Warю
THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN RUSSIA'S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE 40-50S OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors:   Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, KIDIRNIYAZOV DANIYAL S.
Published: July 2021

Based on documentary material and scientific literature, the article highlights the place of the North Caucasus in Russia's foreign policy at the time under review. The progressive decline of Shah's Iran and Sultan's Turkey, and the active entry of Peter's Russia into the international arena put the question of the fate of the Caucasus, in particular the North Caucasus, in the circle of important problems of world politics in the period under study. Having become one of the main sources of contradictions in relations between Russia, Persia and the Ottoman Porte, the Caucasus, due to its important geostrategic positions, attracted the attention of the European leading powers - Britain and France. In addition, the role of Ottoman and Western emissaries in Russia's foreign policy during the period under study is considered. Western States, along with the implementation of the "Eastern barrier" policy in Europe, incited the confrontation of Iran and Turkey with the Russian Empire in the Caucasus in order to prevent the advance of St. Petersburg to the Caspian and Black seas, and Russia's exit to the middle East. To this end, the European powers sought to use the support b ases of the Ottoman Sultan and the Crimean Khan, created on the approaches to the North Caucasus in the XVI-XVII centuries. The contradictions between Britain and France on European Affairs, on the one hand, and between Iran and Turkey, on the other, did not exclude the possibility of temporary compromises between the rival States, which was also facilitated by the obvious anti - Russian orientation of their policy in the Caucasus. The Pro-Russian attitude of the local population in the Crimean war and their active desire to fight on the side of the Russian troops are also shown.
OSCE IN GEORGIA: IN SEARCH FOR A NEW FORMAT
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, BUGAEV FEDOR N. , TURAVA GEORGE M. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia
Published: July 2021

his article examines the activities of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to resolve the Georgian-Abkhaz and Georgian-Ossetian conflicts. The OSCE is one of the most important structures in ensuring regional stability and security, but in the current conditions it does not use the set of tools at its disposal to an adequate extent. The high conflict potential of the South Caucasus region and the specificity of the contradictions between the parties do not allow the use of identical formats for the settlement. This article conducts a retrospective analysis of the OSCE's participation in the conflicts in Georgia, identify the weak and strong sides of the organization's existing tools and propose new mechanisms and initiatives for the region under consideration that are in the OSCE's arsenal, but need more flexibility and adaptability to specific cases. Thus, the paper is aimed primarily at rethinking the role of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in the peaceful settlement of conflicts in Georgia in the current geopolitical conditions through a comprehensive assessment of the OSCE's potential in the specified region.
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AS A KEY TO SUCCESSFUL PROFESSIONAL SELF-REALIZATION OF YOUTH
Authors:   North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurova, VOROBYOVA IRINA N. , GODZHIEV GEORGY T. ,   North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurova
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern trends in the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students as an important area of successful self-realization of students in the field of future professional activities. The semantic content of a "healthy lifestyle" in the studies of domestic and foreign scientists is revealed from different points of view, but in all studies there is the thesis that the basis of a healthy lifestyle is the integrity of a person's spiritual and physical development, which must be developed and strengthened in unity. Currently, pedagogical workers of educational organizations of all levels and types, social workers, doctors, parents are convinced that the problem of forming a healthy lifestyle has become actualized especially recently, when, after a long forced self-isolation, there is a clear tendency towards a significant deterioration of the mental, somatic, physical and the physiological health of all students, including students. As shown by the analysis of research results even before the pandemic, about 10% of the younger generation are considered perfectly healthy, while the rest of the survey reveals various pathologies in their health. The author also established an organic connection between human health and his lifestyle. In general, a healthy lifestyle includes a complex of health-improving measures, which ensures the strengthening of the physical and moral health of students, an increase in their moral and physical performance, and successful self-realization in the field of professional activity. Of course, the formation of the value attitude of students to a healthy lifestyle, to their physical and mental health is not solved within the framework of one educational organization, but it has the greatest opportunities, since it has at its disposal a sufficient number of hours allocated for physical culture and sports classes. Based on the foregoing, the author convincingly proves in the article his position on a healthy lifestyle as a significant component of successful professional self-realization in a market economy.
POLÍTICA PÚBLICA JUDICIÁRIA DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Authors: F. O. Costa Daniel , Maia Rute
Published: July 2021

O modelo de gestão do Poder Judiciário se aproxima cada vez mais da lógica neoliberal, em que a ideia de concorrência é a sua pedra angular. A interferência dessa lógica no âmbito do judiciário afigura-se um fator importante a ser estudado, na medida em que ela modifica o funcionamento desse órgão, que é hoje um poder protagonista capaz de interferir nas ações promovidas pelos outros poderes e de produzir as suas próprias políticas públicas. Atualmente, quanto à formulação de políticas pelo judiciário, o tema da inteligência artificial-IA encontra proeminência, já que o chamado terceiro poder tem buscado utilizá-la com o objetivo de promover o acesso à justiça. Dentro desse contexto, é que o presente trabalho, por meio de uma pesquisa teórico-descritiva, almeja verificar se as caracteristicas do neoliberalismo se encontram presentes nas ações de IA promovidas pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Para tanto, busca-se identificar, na esteira dos ensinamentos de Dardot e Laval (2016), quais as caracteristicas da racionalidade neoliberal, procurando, além disso, compreender o que vem a ser a política judiciária de IA e como ela tem sido implementada pelo STJ. Ao final, entende-se que a característica da produtividade vinculada à  racionalidade neoliberal tem influenciado a política de IA formulada pelo STJ.
On Double Narration in Wuthering Heights
Authors: Ezzaoua Mr. Omar
Published: July 2021

Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights is characterized by the narrative mechanisms and techniques it employs. Building on its structure, the novel is obviously rich in its underlying elements that are worth examining. One of these elements is the choice of multiple narrators and the complex organization of narrative time. This theoretical framework deals mainly with narration and narrative techniques as approached by structuralist narratology. As an approach that examines narration and its major hybrids, narratology delves into a structural study of Wuthering Heights allowing for a deep examination of the underlying narrative elements in the novel. Having said that, it is believed that the study of narratology is pertaining in the sense that it sheds light on how the narrative structure of the novel puts into question the status of the narrators as reliable sources. This structure also mystifies the story giving the reader a chance to decipher the intent of the characters involved as both narrators and characters. Without taking such structure into account, the readers are missing some key elements in understanding and interpreting the stories told by the narrators
Pregabalin Treatment does not Affect Amyloid Pathology in 5XFAD Mice
Authors: Sadleir Katherine R. , Popovoic Jelena , Zhu Wei , Reidel Cory T. , Do Ha , Silverman Richard B. , Vassar Robert
Published: July 2021

Background:

Calcium dysregulation has been proposed to play a causative role in the
development of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Pregabalin is a compound already approved for human
use, marketed as the prescription drug Lyrica. It binds the α2-δ subunit of P/Q-type voltagegated
calcium channels, lowering calcium influx and providing effective treatment for epilepsy and
neuropathic pain.

Objective:

We hypothesize that increased resting calcium in neuronal processes near amyloid
plaques plays a role in the development of neuritic dystrophies and further progression of amyloid
pathology.

Methods:

5XFAD mice were treated orally for 12 weeks with pregabalin, then immunoblotting and
immunofluorescent imaging were used to quantify neuritic dystrophy and amyloid deposition in
pregabalin compared to placebo-treated mice.

Results:

The treatment did not decrease markers of neuritic dystrophy or amyloid deposition. The
image analysis of neuritic dystrophy on a plaque-by-plaque basis showed a small non-significant increase
in the relative proportion of LAMP1 to Aβ42 in plaques with areas of 50-450 μm2 in the cortex
of pregabalin-treated mice. In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation
between the measured cerebral concentration of pregabalin and the relative levels of BACE1 and
Aβ in the cortex. This relationship was not observed in the hippocampus, and there was no increase
in average Aβ levels in pregabalin treated mice compared to placebo. We confirmed previous findings
that smaller amyloid plaques are associated with a greater degree of neuritic dystrophy.

Conclusion:

Pregabalin may have an effect on Aβ that merits further investigation, but our study
does not suggest that pregabalin contributes substantially to amyloid pathology.