bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prophet Essa . related quranic speech :Rhetorical approach in the light of pragmatic theory
Authors: Al- Jumaily Assist. Prof. Dr .Adnan Jassim Mohammed
Published: March 2021

The current study atlempts at spotlightinga set of pragmatic phenomena included in the quranic verses related to prophet essa. This is done by rnetorical analysis of these verses making use of the modern view of  pragmatics . the study seeks to uncover certain phenomena starting with the  defintion of  pragmatics , moving toits origin and formation . the study also discusses topics such as the functional content of pragmatics and rhetoric ,  verbal verbs theory ‘ Arabic rhetoric‘ and  pragmatics in the old Arabic heritage . the study then shifts to the practical phase as it studies the techniqnes of affermation , interogation, command , and negativecommand ‘the latter includes topics as diversion from past to future‘‘apostrophe ‘anastrophe‘ ‘elision ‘ circumlocution ‘ wholeanddetail ‘ and epanodos . simile , metaphor‘ and Metonymy and innuendo
Rehabilitative School Shekhs in Palestine From the sixth to the eighth century A.H. / The twelfth to the fourteenth century A.C.
Authors: Al-jbouri Dr. Safana Jasim
Published: March 2021

This research deals with the study of the rehabilitative school Sheikhs which was foundedin (583 A.H/1187 A.C) in addition to giving a short summary about the biography of each Sheikh to clarify his scientific importance for this school. These biographies include: the Sheikh's birth, the most important schools in which they studied, their scientific categories, the relationship of some of them with the Ayobian Kings and some of the rulers of the Kingdom State in Egypt, Palestine and Al-Sham. The research ends with the most important results reached at through presenting the scientific biography of these Sheikhs.
Army's division and war methods in the age of fatemi sfate
Authors: Hindi Dr. Hazim Wattam
Published: March 2021

The subject of the army in the Fatimid period (296-567 AH) from the perspective of the mission in the life of the Arab Islamic state, the era of medieval Islam witnessed the emergence of one of the most powerful countries in the Arab Maghreb, which three centuries ago, presented the finest Islamic systems in all aspects , The Fatimid great state, and the mother is known, the Fatimid state has been subjected to Judean, and denial due to examinations. It consisted of three sections, dealing with human tissues in the Fatimid army.
Economic policy of the Imams (peace be upon them)
Authors: Almayahy Dr. salsabeel jabber inad
Published: March 2021

It was the Imams (peace be upon him) a great role in the Islamic economy and upgrading it, he urged that work, plowing and harvesting the fruit, and they were exercising this role on their own and they are doing so knowing the nation a great lesson in self-reliance and in earning a living and encouraged trade and urged the people on them, and stressed Zakat and the need to remove them, and five for Muhammad and Muhammad (upon him blessings and peace), and may not limit others take only was needy and therefore it is the imam to take them Here Halal him take it, and guidance to many of his accused in various parts of the Islamic state, and interest under the auspices of the poor The widows and unable to work and tunnels them from the house of Muslim money.
Ouasel village in western Anbar plateau as a model of desert villages in Iraq
Authors: Al-Dulaimy Assist. Prof. Dr. Latif M.H.
Published: March 2021

Ouasel village had been originated in western Anbar plateau before one century ago. It is located at 3km north of al-wafaa town. Its community combined from some Arabic tribes that applied agricultural practices as in Euphrates valley of Anbar province. Sheep grazing was motivator to be first establishment where some immigrants were stabilized there. Later, they were applying cultivation activity with determinant areas. They also worked in rock, sand and gravels quarries which distributed in western plateau per se. therefore, in general Ouasel village is considered as a model for desert villages in Iraq based on its nature of establishment, economic activity and social relationships among its population. Furthermore, the governorate strategy is clearly disable to provide population and services level in this village. Thus it could be recommended to find curing solutions to develop this desert village of Anbar.
Geographical surveys, analytical services ambient levels of some residential units in Anbar province
Authors: Al-Mula Assist. Prof. Dr. Misha, al F. Gdab
Published: March 2021

It came Search to provide an explanation scientifically it discusses the levels of some services within the province of Anbar, environments, and the development of appropriate indicators to determine the extent of disadvantage housing services, was distributed deprivation levels of services on parts of the province to determine the cause of variation and its implications for the development of solutions and treatments. The dependence style of the field study and the distribution of the questionnaire and the relevant departments data, as well as desktop sources, and the main findings of the research show that the rate of denial of the level of the surrounding housing services for over 50% of the pan-Anbar province, and varies in its distribution among the districts of the province and their environments, which stands Rah reasons for planning, regulatory and signatories and social. Find crowned geographic vision which can be some glitches diagnosed appropriate treatment mode.
Conetext of Artistic Dimensions in the Ornaments of Imam Ali Holy Shrine
Authors: Al-Husaini Assist. Prof. Dr. Hashim Kudheir Hasan
Published: March 2021

The paper is aimed to study the Conetext of artistic dimensions in the ornaments of Imam Ali Holy Shrine; the study included four chapters, the first chapter about the problem statement identified by the following questioning: What are the artistic dimensions in Conetext of Imam Ali Holy Shrines? Then the significance of the study and the need for it, and the goal came to find out the Conetext of artistic dimensions in the ornaments of Imam Ali Holy Shrines, and then the study identified the substantive, temporal and spatial boundaries, as well as the definition of terms that are related to the study. The literature review Chapter 2 included the ornaments functions and its aesthetic as well as the expression in these ornaments, the Chapter concluded of some benchmarks. As for the Third Chapter, the researcher has applied a descriptive analytical method. The population was 103 models; while sampling was %20 according to appropriate research justifications. The most outstanding search results: The Muslim artist adopted on porcelain material as it has a construction function, as well as its aesthetic dimension in order to remove the sizing and search for flatness which leads eventually to abstract. Also, the most important conclusion was: The functional dimension in the ornaments of Imam Ali Holy Shrines is supported by accurate structural machine which depends on stylistic shaping of the elements and principles that achieve aesthetic or structural purpose. The researcher offered some important recommendations and proposals such as: Studying of structural design system of Islamic ornaments in the Holy Shrines.
Tradition phenomenon among middle school students from the viewpoint of teachers : Causes and treatments
Authors: Qaraghouli Dr. Hassan Ahmed Suhail
Published: March 2021

: -The problem can be formulated the following question     

 What are the causes of the phenomenon of tradition among middle school students? What are the processing methods from the standpoint of teachers?.

And it can be summed up the importance of current research following points

The increasing prevalence of tradition among the middle school students phenomenon-

-The importance of attention to the students of the middle stage, and to identify the causes of the phenomenon of tradition among students.

-The importance of methods of treatment of the tradition from the perspective of the phenomenon of teachers, so as to find out the processors in multiple areas

    Current search targeted the following::

 and techniques and educational programs contribute to the reduction of the negative and mimicry among young people

    -In light of the search results, the researcher suggested some of the conclusions and recommendations and proposals related variables search..
Effect of strategy (SQ3R, a look, send, read, heard, see) in the collection of the first phase of student colleges of education in the foundations of education.
Authors: Sacrann Dr. Nasir Khudair , Hassan Dr. Abbas Lafta
Published: March 2021

The current research aims to answer the following hypothesis: -

Is there a difference is statistically significant at the level of (0,05) in the collection of students after use strategy (SQ3R, a look, send, read, heard, see) in the collection of the first phase of student colleges of education in the foundations of education who are studying in accordance with the strategy (SQ3R , take a look, send, read, heard, see) and students who are studying the same material in the traditional way? If he chooses researcher College of Education, Ibn Rushd for Humanities then chose the Department of History and then chose researcher Divisions (a - c) and the Division of Research consisted of choice for many and objective dimension choice scale over the equality of the two groups in achievement and after the match the search tool and Althakqmn exchange virtual designed After the presentation to a group of experts and arbitrators researcher method used to measure the re-testing? After the result of the second test data analyzed using appropriate statistical methods if the result showed

The average scores of the experimental group (2.38).

There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0,05) ordering the second calculated value (6,26) is greater than the second spreadsheet (2,01) critically (58) and this is evidence of the superiority of the experimental group to the control group
Domino, novel steganography system
Authors: Abdulmajeed Nadia mohammed
Published: March 2021

Primary objective of the proposed system is to achieve higher level of confidentiality in absence of standard encryption techniques which add up to complexity of the stego system.

In this system the principle of dominoes is adopted in the way of the selection of the pixel of the image to hide the ciphertext. Where domino stones models are prepared in advance, which are two-dimensional matrices (2*6), and selecting one of them and start the projection of the model on the image and hide the ciphertext in the pixel corresponding to the points in the domino model

Experimental results show that the proposed system effectively achieve the objective. Even though the proposed system gives good enhancement to the steganoraphy technique and there is no difference between the cover-image and the stego-image can be seen by the human vision system (HVS), so this method can be considered as a success and can be adopted in the field of steganography.
Food as a Means of Defining One's Identity and Culture in Selected Works of Arab-American Women Writers
Authors: Hamad Dr . Shireen Shihab
Published: March 2021

This research is an attempt to emphasize the connection between food, identity and culture in Arab-American women's writings. Many of the poems and short stories scattered throughout this research describe the ways in which the tastes and thoughts of certain foods arouse nostalgic feelings of cultural roots and thus approve the imminent usefulness and benefits of food as a means of defining the Arab identity and culture in the American melting pot.
Features of political discourse In Russian language
Authors: Sabri Dr.Ghada Tariq
Published: March 2021

Political discourse is a complex object of studying, "it is the intersection of different fields like: political science, social psychology, linguistics. It has the analysis of form, objectives and content of used in certain (" political ") situations." According to researchers AN Baranov and EG Kazakevich, political discourse forms a "total speeches, acts used in political discussions, as well as rules of public policy expertise." The public purpose of political discourse - to convince recipients with a "political corrects" political evaluations.
Allen Tate's Agrarianism: a Defense of Allegiance
Authors: Ismail Assist. prof .Nadia Ali
Published: March 2021

Allen Tate (1899-1979) was born in Kentucky .As a Southerner he was unwilling to be like his people who were unaware of their imperfections. He realized that lack of belief in tradition which was the illness of the modern mind. It turned life to hell with a variety of tortures. Hence his agrarianism was a call to the Southerners to retreat to their tradition.It was a revolt against industrialism as an enslaving power, a destroyer threatening the very existence of human society.

        His agrarianism proved to be an image of life man should desire, a life imbued with tradition and belief; tradition in its historical and religious sense shapes the spirit of protest in his  poetry. It is a protest against the kind of life modern man attached himself to, which dehumanized him resulting in spiritual fragmentation.

       Tate did what none of his fellow Agrarians attempted, to turn Agrarian concerns inward, a quest for identity , for spiritual roots and affirmation. This is what makes his agrarianism a defense of personal allegiance, besides its historical , social and religious implications
Nominal state in (anomalous readings) book by Ibn Khalawayh(370a.h) semantic study
Authors: A. Alwardi Lect. Dr. Ali .
Published: March 2021

Research in Quarrian readings is considered an imported scope in studying different patterns of using language in  argument period ,that is away from necessity of poetry and anonymous texts and knowing the important period in Arabic language history, in addition to know the effect of context in these readings and changes that, generally period Arabic and holy Quran font and types and linguistic derivation and synonymously in using these patterens and their indications.
Journals as a Source of Information for Library Users
Authors: Al-Khalidi Asst.Lect. Mansour Edan Aqrab
Published: March 2021

This study examines

The emergence of Central Library

2. Evolution at the University of Qadisiyah

3. The extent to meet their own needs

4. Stand on the most important difficulties and obstacles faced by students when using the library, and develop solutions that advance by patrols have used the survey method in this study and adopted the questionnaire as a tool to collect data, the study concluded a set of findings and recommendations and proposals.
Slums Change the Morphological Features of the Iraqi City "Mahmudiya, as a Model City"
Authors: Saeed Dr.Abdul RazzaqAhmed
Published: March 2021

The research aims to shed light on one of the phenomena that have spread in the cities of Iraq, represented by the cities and the revival of the slum, which was built in irregular beating regulations and laws pertaining to zoning and land use within the Iraqi city of urban space, which led to distortion and change the features of morphological Iraqi city and in particular the city of Mahmudiya model for this emergency demographic phenomenon, as it has been the study of three residential neighborhoods random inside the urban center of the city through a field survey and the impact of that change on the morphological features of the city. The town of Mahmoudiya, one of the haunted Baghdad province to the south of the capital Baghdad, about 29 km towards the city of Hilla, an area within the municipal boundaries of more than 17 km 2 is equivalent to 1700 hectares, and accounted for 6.9% of the total elimination of space adult total 1452 km 2 which is equivalent to 145 200 hectares. The city experienced a population increase for large period between 2000-2014 amounted to more than 15,000 people, with an estimated population of the city - the center - for the year 2000 by about 78 625 people compared with the last census of the city was in 1997, as it appeared that the population of the city - the center arrived 64 817 people, an annual growth rate of the population was estimated at 3.2%, while the population reached according to the latest census of the city to more than 100,000 people as a result of increased population and natural in the number of births and low mortality rate and population migration from the surrounding countryside or nearby cities. The number of slums in the city center and its outskirts eight slums map within the residential use of the center town of Mahmudiyah, has been the study of three residential neighborhoods and is a model Random Alnor- neighborhood Almertdy- neighborhoods Abu wax .
Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Continental and Marine in the Governorates of Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah, for the period 1984-2013
Authors: Al-Jubouri. Assist. Prof. Dr.  Salam Hatif Ahmed
Published: March 2021

The Governorates of Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah are characterized by high Continental degree, and low Marine degree. Showing Continental and Marine degree for every Governorate depending on the period of study is the most important aim in this research.                                                                                         

     The highest continental degree recorded in the study area was 96.7%, in Basrah in 2008 according to Borisov equation, and the Continental refers to very severe continental climate. This Continental degree was the highest between three other equations used depending on weather Stations Data In Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah, The continental Degree according to equations refer to rise trend in the period 1984-2013.
Teaching chemistry According to the Accelerator Cognitive Strategy and its Impact on the Achievement and the Development of Scientific Thinking of the First Grade Students
Authors: Abbood Dr. Suhad Abdul Ameer
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to know the effect of acceleration of knowledge in the achievement and the development of scientific thinking among students of the first grade average, compared to the usual way strategy, formed the research sample of 55 students, it has been Tozaahn randomly into two groups rewarded in the variables (chronological age and attainment former chemistry in half year and educational attainment of the parents and scientific thinking). Dُrst experimental group of (28) students in accordance with the accelerator cognitive strategy, and studied group (control group) and of the number of members (27) students in the usual way.

    The achievement test preparation according to the levels of Bloom (remember, absorb and apply the analysis), was checked by a charity and persistence, and the measure of scientific thinking in chemistry. After applying Odata Search results revealed a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group students who studied in accordance with the accelerator cognitive strategy in the test grades as well as in scientific thinking in chemistry scale.
La Soledad y la Alienación Psicológica en la novela "Nada" de Carmen Laforet …La tentativa de la interpretación (Un estudio analítico)
Authors: H.Saleem Dr. Qasem Mohammed
Published: March 2021

في هذا البحث نناقش الآثار السلبية من العزلة والاغتراب في المجتمع الإسباني، في مرحلة ما بعد الحرب الأهلية الإسبانية مباشرة، وهذا الوضع له تأثير سيء في الفرد والمجتمع، من خلال رواية (لا شيء) الكاتب الإسباني (كارمن لافوريت) إنها دعوة إلى الكتّاب والمفكرين إلى نجدة ودعم مجتمعهم من خلال تلك الكتابات الإبداعية، وأثر سيء من الحروب والكوارث والأزمات دمر كل جوانب الحياة (الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية والثقافية)، والتي تؤدي إلى العزلة والاغتراب والحاضر يترك على الأثر النفسي البشري. ان غاية البحث هي  التعريف باثر العزلة والاغتراب في تفكك الاواصر الاجتماعية والمكانية والاسرية وضررها على المجتمع والانسان بنفس القوة , ولعل المجتمع العراقي في هذه المرحلة احوج ما يكون لمعرفة نتائج الظروف الصعبة التي بلا شك ستقود للعزلة والاغتراب , ولا سيما الطبقة المثقفة لكي تقوم بعمل جدار صد ثقافي عله ينقذ بلدنا .
"An Investigation of the Hierarchy of Realization of English Idiomatic Phraseology by Iraqi Learners of EFL
Authors: Al-Deen Dr. Madeha Saif , Abdulqader M. Zainab Jihad
Published: March 2021

هنالك العديد من التراكيب الاصطلاحية التي تُعَد من المشكلات الرئيسة لمتعلمي اللغة الإنكليزية بوصفها لغة أجنبية. وكذلك التراكيب التعبيرية كمصطلح عام والأفعال المركبة بشكلٍ خاص والتي هي إحدى أشكال تلك التعابير الاصطلاحية ولا يمكننا إنكار حقيقة أن المتعلمين للغة الإنكليزية بوصفها لغة أجنبية يجدون صعوبة في فهم واستخدام تلك التراكيب التعبيرية، وهذا الأمر يقودهم إلى تجنب استخدام تلك التراكيب.  تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرّف إلى أي مدى يستطيع المتعلمون العراقيون للغة الإنكليزية تمييز وإنتاج التراكيب التعبيرية الاصطلاحية كمشكلة من المشكلات التي يواجهها هؤلاء المتعلمون، كما تهدف هذهِ الدراسة إلى معرفة فيما إذا كانت تلك التراكيب التعبيرية تتدرج في صعوبتها خلال المراحل الأربع في الكلية. ولقد أفتُرِض انه هنالك بعض الفروق الإحصائية بين المتعلمين للمراحل الأربع في قسم اللغة الإنكليزية في جامعة تكريت/ كلية التربية للبنات. طبّق الاختبار على 100 طالبة في كلية التربية للبنات/ جامعة تكريت. تقع الدراسة بجزئين رئيسين، يهتم الجزء الأول بالجانب النظري المتمثل باصطلاحات فضلًا عن التراكيب التعبيرية، تعاريفها، أنواعها، وبعض خصائصها, كما يشتمل على التداخل الحاصل بين المصطلحين. بينما يعني الجزء الثاني من هذه الدراسة بالإجراءات الإحصائية المتبعة من الباحثتين. تشير الاستنتاجات بأنه ليس بالضرورة  أن تتطور اللغة بشكل مستمر، وكما يبدو فأن بعض الاصطلاحات التعبيرية لا تتطور  بينما البعض تتقدم نحوه. وفي نهاية البحث،  ضمّنت الباحثتان هذه الدراسة عدداً من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات.
Criticizing “Peace Keepers” in Harold Pinter’s Celebration
Authors: Mhayyal Inst.Basaad Maher
Published: March 2021

الاحتفال عام 1999، هي واحدة من المسرحيات السياسية المؤثرة لهارولد بنتر وفيها ينتقد الناس الذين من المفترض أن يكونوا قوات حفظ السلام، ويسميهم بنتر في المسرحية (مستشارو الاستراتيجية)، ويرعون شؤون الآخرين المهمة لأنهم يمثلون السلطة، في حين ان بنتر صورهم في هذه المسرحية كأناس يتكلمون عن أشياء تافهة ولا يهتمون بحالات القمع السياسي، والفقر، وغيرها من القضايا الهامة للناس في العالم. وعلاوة على ذلك، لم يكن لديهم أي شعور بالحب أو التفاهم المتبادل في داخل عوائلهم كأزواج وزوجات لأنهم فقدوا اهتمامهم في بعضهم البعض، وهذه هي السخرية في المسرحية كلها. ويتناول هذا البحث هارولد بنتر ككاتب مسرحي بريطاني عظيم اهتم بالكتابة عن القضايا السياسية. ومسرحيته، "الاحتفال"، تعالج المشكلة الكبيرة الموجودة حتى في مجتمعنا الآن وهي مشاعر اللاأبالية من قبل السياسيين تجاه مواطنيهم ومعاناتهم ومشاكلهم . والبحث يتكون من خلاصة، مقدمة، فصل، وخاتمة توضح ما توصل اليه البحث من نتائج.
A Study of Intertextuality in Political Press Samples
Authors: Hassan Dr. Hassan Hadi , Hameed Dr. Raghad Kamal
Published: March 2021

يدرس هذا البحث ظاهرة التداخل النصي intertextuality على وجه العموم وفي الكتابات الصحفية بصورة خاصة. تحاول هذه الدراسة أن تبين طبيعة هذه الظاهرة والسر وراء الاهتمام الواسع بها . تبدا الدراسة بمقدمة بسيطة كتمهيد للموضوع ثم بتقديم بعض التعاريف والآراء لمختلف اللغويين من اجل توضيح طبيعة الموضوع . تم ايضاً استعراض اهم انواع وابعاد التداخل النصي لينتهي الموضوع بتحليل نماذج صحفية محددة والخروج بمجموعة من  الاستنتاجات المناسبة.
Feminism in Heneric Ibsen’s A Dolls' House
Authors: Radam Assist. Inst. Halima Ismail
Published: March 2021

هذا البحث هو حول دور النساء وحقوق النساء في مسرحية لعبة البيت لهنرك ابسن الذي كتب المسرحية بتاريخ 1879، وتعدُّ هذه المسرحية من المسرحيات العالمية، والكاتب يلقب (أبو المسرح المتجدد). في هذا البحث تم التركيز في دور المراءة في البيت ،ونظرة الرجل لها من خلال قيامها بوجبها اتجاه اسرتها من الاطفال والزوج. وقد اعطيت معنى المساوات تعريفاً ومصطلحاً، وتطور هذا المفهوم، وكذلك شرحت دور النساء في هذه المسرحية التي بطلتها هي نورة زوجة هيلمر، ومن جانب اخر بينت كيف أن المراءة هي المحور الاساسي في هذه المسرحية  اما في الخاتمة؛ فبينت كيف أنّ نورة تركت بيتها واطفالها من اجل أن تكون شخصية مستقلة لها.
Frustration and Aggression in John Osborne’s “Look Back in Anger”
Authors: Jamil Assist. Lect. Abdul jaleel Fadhil
Published: March 2021

"ننظر إلى الوراء في غضب" هي مسرحية ظهرت في مرحلة انتقالية حاسمة من الماضي في بريطانيا الفيكتوري في القرن العشرين الحديث. الغضب جيمي والغضب هو تعبيره عن المشاعر المكبوتة وحاجته للحياة في عالم اصبح فاتر ورتيبا. وأصبح هذا الغضب رمزا للتمرد ضد التوعك السياسي والاجتماعي للثقافة البريطانية. غضبه مدمر لمن حوله والعنف النفسي للمسرحية تلقى قدرا كبيرا من الانتقادات. النقاد يتفقون اليوم، مع ذلك، أن المسرحية أمر أساسي لفهم الحياة البريطانية في القرن العشرين، وبالتالي، وعمل مهم في الأدب البريطاني  الحديث.
Refusal Phylosoph , Semantics Dimensions in Fawzi Karim Poetry
Authors: Alddin Assist. Prof. Dr. Israa Amer Shams
Published: March 2021

يُعدُّ فوزي كريم شاعِرًا وكاتبًا ورسَّامًا من الجيل الستينيِّ، غادرَ العراق مرتينِ، كانتِ الثانية إلى منفاهُ الأخير، لندن، صدرتْ مجموعتهُ الشعرية عن دارِ المدى، وبعدَ اِستقرائها، وجدتُ فيها تكرُّرًا لرفضهِ واقعَ وطنهِ تغييبًا لذاتِ الإنسانِ ومُكوِّنهِ الوجوديِّ، لذا آثرَ الهجرةَ، التي لَمْ تكن أقلَّ وطأةً من موطنهِ، إذْ الضياعُ الذَّاتي، والنفس المُتآكِلَةُ شوقًا إلى الأهلِ والأصدقاءِ وأماكنِ الصبا والشباب.

   وددْتُ تقسيم البحثِ على أساليبَ الرفضِ والألفاظِ، إلاَّ أنَّ التمازُج بين الاثنينِ دفعني إلى اختيارِ مسلكِ الدَّلالةِ، مقسمةً إيَّاها على : رفضِ واقع الوطن ، ورفضِ واقع الغربة .
The views of Orientalists in the personality Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) - A model - Lammens - Ntnj
Authors: Al-Nasire Dr. Emad Tally Mahade
Published: March 2021

من دواعي البحث تشخيص الاسباب التي دفعت بالمستشرقين الى اتباع هذا المنهج، و يمكن تصنيف هذه الاسباب الى صنفين: الاول يتعلق بالمسلمين انفسهم والثاني يرجع الى المستشرقين وما كانوا يحملون من افكار قد تكون مسبقة عن الإِسلام او انها ناتجة عن سوء فهم او حقد او رجوعهم الى روايات أموية. تناولنا في هذه البحث الامور التي اتهم به الامام الحسن(عليه السلام) من قبل المستشرقين (لامنس ونتنج) بانه شخصية متخاذلة، انصرف الى ملذاته وشهواته وغيرها من الامور التي لا تمت له بأية صلة، ثم اختلفا حتى في سبب وفاة الامام الحسن (عليه السلام)، فدرسنا روايتهما بلا أيّ تعصب وتشنج ، وتبين انهما اتسما بالتحامل على الامام الحسن(عليه السلام)، ولم يكن الامام الحسن(عليه السلام ) متخاذلا حسب ما ادعيا، ولكن المشاكل الّتي واجهته في بداية خلافته ادت إلى هروب بعض قادة جيشه إلى معاوية وفي مثل هذه الظروف لم تكن لدى الإمام الحسن(عليه السلام) أيّة وسيلة إلاّ قبول الصلح ، ولم يسالم معاوية الا بعد الانقسام والتدهور اللذين اصابا الجيش عكس ما ذكره المستشرقان لامنس ونتنج، ويبدو ان المستشرقين لم يقرآ التاريخ جيدا في ما يتعلق بشخصية الامام الحسن (عليه السلام )، واعتمدا على الروايات الموضوعة التي تتحدث عن سيرة الامام الحسن (عليه السلام) ليكوِّنا رؤية مشوَّهة ونظرة سيئة عن الإمام الحسن (عليه السلام)، وهذا ناتج من تأثرهما بالأمويين او نتيجة افكار مسمومة تبنتها جهات تهدف الى تشويه صورة الامام (عليه السلام) والا هناك الكثير من الكتابات المنصفة بحق الامام لماذا لم يقرأها (لامنس ونتنج ) ويعطيانا رايهما بل اصرا على قراءة كل ما شانه الاساءة بحق الامام الحسن(عليه السلام)، وهذا دليل واضح لا غبار عليه على تعمدهما هذا الدس، ولو القينا نظرة على بعض مصادرنا الإِسلامية المعتمدة عند كل المذاهب التي ورد فيها ذكر الإمام الحسن (عليه السلام)، لوجدنا ما يفند ادعاءهما، والجهات الداعمة لهذا المشروع .
Kinetic dimension in the curriculum of interpretation (inspired by the Koran) Mr. Mohammed Hussein Fadlallah
Authors: Al-Hakim Dr. Hassan Mohammed Ali Hussein
Published: March 2021

إنَّ المنهج الذي اتبعه السيد محمد حسين فضل الله في كتابه التفسيريّ (من وحي القرآن) ينفرد عن جميع التفاسير الحالية وحتى الحركية منها بانتمائه الى مدرسة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) كما يتسم بأبعاده التربوية والسياسية والعقلية, ودراستنا هذه جاءت لتؤكد البعد الحركيّ لكتاب الله، وهو ما جعل الكاتب يفسر القرآن الكريم بهذا المنهج الذي أراده.
The effect of Using Buxton in the achievement of the scientific branch students fourth class and logic Intelligence
Authors: Adnan Teacher: Samira
Published: March 2021

The aim of  this study  is to identify the  effect of Using Buxton - logic  Intelligence   and fourth class in physics find determined by fourth grade students the average of the province of Baghdad for the academic year 2015-     2016 , the four chapters of the first semester of physics textbook for Grade Average Total sample (62) female  students in the secondgrade as(31) studentsfor the experimental group and (31) for the control group. the researcher formulated (125) behavioral objectives within the levels (remembering.understanding .application .analysis.) according to blooms classification of the cognitive field . the researcher adopted an achievement test made from (40) items the type the multiple choice. She also prepared test of motivation toward physics logic Intelligence stage made up of (35) andfor the purpose of verifying the equivalence of research groups have been  ,( the previous –information , age in monthes , intellingence ,testreflective – logic Intelligence) the use of study f Using Buxton in the achievement of the scientific branch students fourth class and  logic Intelligence
The Thinking Based on Wisdom of the Graduate Students in the College of Education
Authors: Al-diabi M.M. Qusai Ajaj Saood
Published: March 2021

The current research aims to identify the thinking based on the wisdom of graduatestudents in the college of Education/AL Mustansiriy University,as well as the knowledge of the difference in thinking based on the wisdom of these students depending on the gender variable(Males – Females). The research adopted the thinking based on the wisdom scale of (Brown & Green, 2006) Based om Brown,s mutidimentional model of wisdom, and the translation of Ayud and his condification into the Arabyan environment. The research obtained this scale from the study of (AL Dahim, 2016). This scale is a self – report questionnaire consisting of (64) items measuring eight dimensions.The dimensions are: Self – Knowledge, Emotional Management, Altruism, Inspirational Engagement, Judgment, Life Knowledge, Life Skills, Willingness to Learn.

The respondent determines his response to the scale by using the likert method by choosing one of the following five atternatives: I agree very strongly, Iagree to alarge extent, Iagree moderately, Iagree to a small extent, Iagree very little and takes the correction grades (1,2,3,4,5). After checking the standard properties of the scale of the validity an dstability. The scale was applied to the basic research sample of(60) male and female graduate studentin the College  of Education. The data obtained feom the sample  were processed statistically, the following results were obtained:

The sample of graduate students dose not have a thinking based on wisdom (to toal grade). But they have some components of the thinking based on wisdom (Self- Knowledge, Management of Emotions, Knowledge of Life, and Willingness to Learn). While they have components (Altruism, Inspirational Engagemen, Judgment, and Life Skills).

There is no statistically significant difference in the thinking based on wisdom (total score) depending on the gender variable. There is statistically significant difference in the components of the thinking based on wisdom (Emotional Management, Altruism, Judgment, Life Knowledge) depending on the gender variable. The difference was statistically significant for males, while the difference significant for females in the component (Willingness to Learn). There was no statistically significant difference according to the gender variable in the components (Self – Knowledge, Inspirational Engagement, and Life Skills).
The irrigation and reservoir projects in the Euphrates river basin And their effects in agricultural reality
Authors: Dawood Assistant Prof. Anfal Said , Mankhi Prof. Dr. Saadia Aakoul , Shaker Prof. Dr. Nada
Published: March 2021

Agriculture is of great importance because its products are a major source of food and industrial materials. Agriculture is a main craft, employing large numbers of the people of Mesopotamia, the source of their livelihood, and the source of the wealth of the owners. The taxes imposed by the government in the past and recently on agriculture are a major source of prosperity and development of the country, and the availability of means to flourish the agricultural sector and its duties from the government, and the Office of the abscess is the old task of collecting taxes on agriculture from the peasants of the most important government offices and the most complex
The Effect of the Figure of Etimology on the Formation of syntactic Idiom (A Letter of the syntactic Limitation by Ibn AL-Jabrany (628H) as an Example)
Authors: Abd-el-Majeed Asst. Prof. Dr. Ghadah Ghazi
Published: March 2021

تُعدُّ المصطلحات نواة أساسية في كل علم من العلوم ، وهي المعبِّر الصادق عن تطور العلوم واستقلالها واستقرارها، وقد سلك النحو العربي مسالك عدة في سبيل تحصيل مصطلحاته. فكان أن أفاد من الموروث اللغوي بجعله مرتكزاً مهماً في تشكيل مصطلحاته، وكان المجاز في مقدمة هذه المرتكزات، وهو عنصر فعّال في تحقيق التطور الدلالي للفظة، إذ تستعين به اللغة في تطوير ذاتها من ذاتها لتكون قادرة على مواكبة وقع الحياة المتنامي، فجاء هذا البحث ليسلّط الضوء على أحد مصادر تشكيل المصطلح النحوي – ولعله أهمها – وهو المجاز، الذي بواسطته تنتقل اللفظة من معناها القديم إلى معنى جديد يكتسب صفة الاصطلاح ويتخصص به، في منهج قوامه عرض المعنى اللغوي للفظة ثم المعنى الاصطلاحي والبحث عن وجوه التشابه والتقارب بين المعنيين
Implicit and apparent in "the veil of bride" a novel by Muhammed Al Humrany
Authors: Abdul RazaqNasir Ahmed
Published: March 2021

تقوم أطروحة التاريخانية الجديدة في هذا البحث على مقاربة الخطاب السردي في رواية (حجاب العروس) للروائي محمد الحمراني التي كتبت بعد الاحتلال الأمريكي للعراق في التاسع من نيسان عام 2003،والبحث في كيفية دخول آثار الماضي وتصوراته إلى الثقافة المعاصرة، وصولا إلى إدراك العمل الأدبي ضمن سياقه التاريخي، ومن ثمّ تأويل شفرات النص السردي، وممارسة الأعمال الحفرية للإمساك بالأنصاف الثقافية الكامنة في النص الجمالي، هذه الأنساق التي تتستر في النص الروائي في أثناء تصويره المتخيل للواقع تصويرا من وجهة نظر معينة قد تتفق مع الأحداث التاريخية وقد تختلف فيها؛ لذا سيعمل البحث على تقويض الخطابات المركزية السائدة في النص الجمالي للكشف عن جزء الجبل الجليدي الغاطس في خطابات النص.

    البحث مقسم على قسمين: الأوّل مهاد نظري، وفيه التمييز بين النقد التاريخاني التقليدي والنقد التاريخاني الجديد، ومدى اشتراك الأخير مع النقد الثقافي، أمّا الثاني فيتضمن مقاربة للنص الروائي الذي بُنيَ عليه البحث
Sultan Al-Arslan (455 AH / 1063 AD _465H / 1072 AD) And his skill in eliminating internal problems
Authors: Ghadban Assit Prof. Dr. Ali Hassan
Published: March 2021

السلطان ألب ارسلان هو ثاني السلاطين السلاجقة الكبار الذي دام حكمه بحدود تسع سنوات ونصف الذي امتد من سنة (455ه/1063م) حتى سنة (465ه/1072م) التي تقع ضمن مدة بداية الدولة السلجوقية واستقرارها. وصف هذا السلطان بأنه كان طموحاً، وذا ميول عسكرية متميزة، فأمضى كل مدة حكمه في الحروب والتوسع، سواء أكان في تثبيت حكمه ضد التحديات الداخلية التي واجهته من البيت السلجوقي أم من التحديات والتمردات الخارجية الأخرى. وبرزت جهوده الداخلية لتثبيت الحكم وابرز التحديات الداخلية التي واجهته والتي منها تحديات الأسرة السلجوقية وكيف تغلب عليها؟
The evolution of political life In Mesopotamia from the period of dawn dynasties, the end of the state of Ur III (2006-2900q.m)
Authors: Al- Juboori Assist. Lecture: Raghad Jamal Mohammed
Published: March 2021

كتبت في هذا البحث نبذة مختصرة عن نظام الحكم كيف نشأ وتطور لكن لا يمكن اعطاء تحديد دقيق للمدة الزمنية التي نشأت فيها الأصول الأولى لأنظمة الحكم وأشكاله لانعدام المصادر الأثرية, ثم نبذة عن عصر فجر السلالات وكيف نشأت السلالات الحاكمة في كل دويلة مدينة وانفصال السلطة الدينية عن السلطة الدنيوية, وتمكن الكوتيون من احتلال البلاد في العصر الأكدى بعد اقتباسهم فنون الحرب والسلاح من الأكديين, فضلا عن حالة الركود الحضاري في اثناء مدة حكم الكوتيين في عصر سلالة اور الثالثة
Metaphor in Funny Language
Authors: Khalaf Asst. Instructor: Ayad Enad
Published: March 2021

هذا المقال يسلط الضوء على طرق مختلفة للاستعمال المجازي في اللغة ويظهر إمكاناته في جذب انتباه القراء. اللغة ككيان بيولوجي يعيش حياته الخاصة، تشهد تغييرات لا تنتهي؛ فالسقوط والعناصر التي بنيت حديثا، نحن نثري لغتنا ليس فقط بعناصر جديدة، ولكن أيضا من خلال أساليب جديدة، وإعادة استخدام المصادر الموجودة. واحدة من هذه الطرق التي تجعل اللغة أكثر حيوية ونشطة هي الاستعارة. إذ تم العثور على المجاز في الوقت الحاضر في جميع مجالات الحياة والتعليم والطب والسياسة والحياة اليومية. والمجاز في الواقع، يظهر علاقة اللغة بالثقافة وعالم الأفكار. فاللغة، من ناحية، هي مستودع للثقافة؛ والتقاليد، والأمثال المعرفة من أسلافنا. ومن ناحية أخرى، فإن اللغة هي مرآة عالم الأفكار، إذ يظهر الأخرون أفكارهم الجديدة في استخدام اللغة بطرق جديدة، حتى عبر الأجهزة، مثل اللوحات والأحاجي. والمجاز له عدد من الأشكال، ووجد في اللغة المنطوقة والمكتوبة والرسومات والرسوم المتحركة أو الكاريكاتير والأحاجي والنكات واللوحات للتعبير عن ظلال جديدة من المعاني، على سبيل المثال، الاستعارة في صور الصحف والمجلات، أو حتى في الإعلانات، تجتذب انتباه القراء، وهي حفظت لمدة طويلة. الاستخدام المجازي هو أيضا وسيلة للاستمتاع القراء. يتم استخدامه لكل من الأهداف الحقيقية والمنطقية مثل؛ تحذيرات، ينصح، أو دعوات ... الخ.
The geopolitics of the ethnic conflict in Central Asia
Authors: Mohammed Dr. Ethar Anwer
Published: March 2021

Central Asia is a very important for the super powers from the strategic and the geopolitics point of view. Therefore, it was the center of the regional and the international conflict in order to control it. This conflict effected  the Central Asia countries for historical, economic, geographic, and political reasons. It caused an ethnic clashes and civil wars between the peoples of its countries
Addiction psychology of Drugs and Alcohol Causes and Treatment
Authors: Al-Dahiri Prof .Dr. Saleh Hassan Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Addiction psychology of Drugs and Alcohol is a serious phenomenon in most societies. This phenomenon makes people confused  toward  some adolescents and unsound sons. The problem statement is represented by that thisphenomenon is one of phenomena which affects negatively on the society and educational institutions. So, this paper seeks to identify this phenomenon size, its causes, its treatment methods, and how to control it in real  and good way. This paper concludes with several causes and treatments which benefits the drugtreatment practitioners and educators and which related to the real situation for addicted people of drug and alcohol
Education globalization or the globalization of education
Authors: Fairuz Assist. Prof. Dr. Sevi
Published: March 2021

Globalization is a new phenomenon that has received widespread attention in intellectual circles which erupted - and still does - a broad controversy  and varied opinions. It is not just a linguistic term easily explained or put it in the face of another term, It is this powerful movement that go deep in all directions which are not determined in a particular stage or period . so it resembles a machine that roams the earth treading on everything and caring for nothing,  it does not recognize the traditional boundary between the countries of the world, it's a machine with no steering wheel, its only direction is forward and so it is moves strongly ,growing every day and not understanding nothing except its appetite. Globalization is not a theory developed by a scientist or a philosopher, but it’s the experiences obtained in the years of the past two decades since the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Berlin Wall until the present day. A phenomenon that touched all fields to the extent that one is puzzled how to study it and build a knowledge on the subject matter, especially that each author or speaker addresses its analysis from a particular aspect, such as the economic, cultural, political or informative. Globalization covered all aspects of human life, making it awaken minds and leading them to look for a way to upgrade and how to confront and defend cultural identities. The most dangerous aspect ​​globalization can reach is the field of education, because education is the corner stone for all other areas such as culture, politics, economy. Education helps us maintain our Arab identity, thus making it easier for us to face globalization, and so we find ourselves in a crossroads: Globalization of Education, which causes the demise of identity or Breeding of Globalization and taming it for the benefit of our societies, and this is what we are supposed to achieve which requires many mechanisms and challenges not to be underestimated. These mechanisms are what I want my research to address and explain in the hope that it could benefit us to contain the phenomenon of globalization and ensure the permanence of the cultural identity of the Arab and Islamic societies.
A Review of the Concept of Sick Person in Islam
Authors: Khatami Assist. Prof. Dr. Javad Khatami
Published: March 2021

In the Islamic culture, we face a human whose life is only limited to spending phases of germinal, infancy, childhood, youth and old age. With this approach, the words and concepts find deep and new form. This article attempts to deal with one of the most common concepts in human's life, i.e. disease in view of Islam while responding to questions put forward in this regard. For this purpose, the root of the word disease in Arabic (i.e. Maraza) and its derivatives were studied in all the Quranic verses (Muslim Holy Scripture). There are two kinds of Quranic verses (totally amounting to 23 verses) which refer to the disease with "Mariz" or "Marza". Examining verses which refer to the "disease" derived from the word root "maraza" and studying their characteristics lead us to the interesting results and considerable findings. In the first category, the diseases of the body, Allah looks at sick persons with these kinds of diseases with blessing and kindness while the second category, i.e. the diseases of the heart and soul, are chastisements together with wrath which require urgent treatment. It is hoped that we will be able to elucidate the status and importance of these diseases among people through this paper. Finally.
The Influence and Persuasion in The Prophet Muhammad's (peace blessings be upon him) Style
Authors: Al-Kharbouli Assist. Inst. Walaa K. Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

The goals of the paper: This paper aims at recognizing the following:   

1-the pedagogical methods of the prophet Muhammad (peace be blessings  upon him) in influence and persuasion.                                                     

2-the pedagogical methods of the prophet Muhammad (peace and               blessings be upon him) in influence on the individuals and how to             direct them educationally and adjust their delinquent behavior. The Findings of the Paper

      It is very important to identify the prophetic educational principles with their study and application especially when the prophet succeeded to find a great generation that led the whole humanity to the path of security and stability after it was in wrongdoing, delusion and deviation.                                                                                                       

        This study comes to support the educator so that he up-brings of himself and to know the educational principles of the prophet (peace be upon him) in the influence and persuasion in guiding and adjusting their delinquent behavior. In this frame of getting away from the from the correct understanding of the truth of the prophetic biography through his principles of persuasion of the educator and influencing them accompanied by the prophet's behavior who was a Quran walks on earth. Besides, the absence of the sound principles and getting away from the correct approach of the prophet (peace be upon him) in his followers was the motivation after this research paper The Influence and Persuasion in the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) Style. It intends to show and find a suggested formula to make use of the prophet's style in education to uplift our youths to the level of the righteous predecessors (may Allah be pleased with them) in the prophetic age or close to it. I pray to Allah the almighty to grant me the success and rectitude.
Iraqi political movement in the League of Nations From the years (1921-1932)
Authors: Youssef M. Dr. Yassar Ahmed
Published: March 2021

The study is concerned with the study of an important period of time in the history of modern Iraq, the period of the establishment of modern Iraq and independence through the end of the British Mandate and acceptance of joining the League of Nations, an international organization, which includes the membership of independent free countries, which took on the establishment of security and world peace through the adoption of the principle Prohibition of the use of force and the adoption of the principle of resolving international disputes by peaceful means, the research aims to achieve a set of important goals, namely:

1 - Highlight the efforts of the Iraqi government to join the League of Nations and clarify the reasons for this accession and the difficulties that accompanied the desire of the Hummah in this area.

2- Clarification of the role of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the accession of Iraq to the League of Nations during the period of occupation and mandate on Iraq.

3- Clarifying the position of the League of Nations and its member states on the issue of Iraq's membership and how to deal with its desire to enter it from the beginning of the negotiations until the decision to accept membership.

4 -  Highlight the efforts of the most important Iraqi and foreign political figures, who had a role in the establishment of modern Iraq and joining the League of Nations.

      Department of research into two basic topics, the first topic: the emergence of the modern Iraqi state. The second topic: Iraq, Britain and the League of Nations from the negotiations to join.
Cartographic analysis of the Buffers on Kinder garten education service the city of Bagubah in the city of Baquba for the year 2015
Authors: Hadi Assist. Prof. Dr. Khilood Ali
Published: March 2021

Maps are different kinds of geographic tools and effective method in the study of different geographical facts, , in particular drawing maps showing the educational ranges for   government and private Kindergarten stages which are urgent necessities to study the reality of this service and its importance for the inhabitants of the city of Baquba neighborhoods  . Modern techniques were used in mapping the educational scales for government and private Kindergarten in terms of their geographical distribution on neighborhoods of the city and mapping educational ranges  for these Kindergartens and deficit map for kindergartens in the city in addition to the number of tables in order to come to know the suitability of this distribution, patterns and adequacy for the inhabitants of the city as expressed in a number of maps and use appropriate cartographic methods  to draw In order to deliver information to the reader easily.
Thermal characteristics and their impact on tourism in Iraq
Authors: Al Saadi Dr. Maysoun Taha Mahmoud
Published: March 2021

Tourism is know as asset activities protied by in dividuals, travelers and resident in places out side the usual environment for aperiod not exceeding one year for resection, trade or other purpose. Classified Tourism to several patter including religious, recreational and the rapeution sports, etc. and Tourism is of great sign if icance in advancing economic and social environment forwards asit has become the activity of the fast growing markets and depend on the climate in the first place and the study relied style of analysis  climate Date for dry temperature the feeling of perfect comfort classified province un comfortable cold winter an noving to the city of mousl, Rutba, Baghdad and given the symbol Dandis given the cities of Amara and Kut code c from the comfort of the third place, While the city of Basra are given the symbol A perfect comfort. And the southen areas attractive for Tourism in he winter especially the city of Basra is considerd The Northern regions, repellent for Tourism  especially the city of mousl. Deduce the values of rates of comfort effective temperature by feeling annoying un comfort extreme heat in all of the month of June, July Augustin September in all the governora tes of Iraq. Especially in the Southeren provin while Rutba city is best cities in Iraq in terms of feeling comfort for years The ideal comfort confined values (15-20) to guide, the effective temperature (17- 25) and Applied the equation on the Iraqi Provineces of mosul, Baghdad, Rutba, Kut, Amarah, Basea for the period from 2000- 2010 and davis also used the modified equation that uses dry temperature and the number of hours of sun shine and relative humidity which give the tourist guide climate and applied for stations distributed across Iraq.