bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myocardial infarction type 1 is frequent in refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR)
Authors: Duerschmied D. , Zotzmann V. , Rieder M. , Bemtgen X. , Biever P. M. , Kaier K. , Trummer G. , Benk C. , Busch H. J. , Bode C. , Wengenmayer T. , Stachon P. , von zur Mühlen C. , Staudacher D. L.
Published: May 2020

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a last resort treatment option for refractory cardiac arrest performed in specialized centers. Following consensus recommendations, ECPR is mostly offered to younger patients with witnessed collapse but without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We report findings from a large single-center registry with 252 all-comers who received ECPR from 2011–2019. It took a median of 52 min to establish stable circulation by ECPR. Eighty-five percent of 112 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) underwent coronary angiography, revealing myocardial infarction (MI) type 1 with atherothrombotic vessel obstruction in 70 patients (63% of all OHCA patients, 74% of OHCA patients undergoing coronary angiography). Sixty-six percent of 140 patients with intra-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) underwent coronary angiography, which showed MI type 1 in 77 patients (55% of all IHCA patients, 83% of IHCA patients undergoing coronary angiography). These results suggest that MI type 1 is a frequent finding and - most likely - cause of cardiac arrest (CA) in patients without ROSC, especially in OHCA. Hospital survival rates were 30% and 29% in patients with OHCA and IHCA, respectively. According to these findings, rapid coronary angiography may be advisable in patients with OHCA receiving ECPR without obvious non-cardiac cause of arrest, irrespective of electrocardiogram analysis. Almost every third patient treated with ECPR survived to hospital discharge, supporting previous data suggesting that ECPR may be beneficial in CA without ROSC. In conclusion, interventional cardiology is of paramount importance for ECPR programs.
Using a multistate occupancy approach to determine molecular diagnostic accuracy and factors affecting avian haemosporidian infections
Authors: Rodrigues Raquel A. , Massara Rodrigo L. , Bailey Larissa L. , Pichorim Mauro , Moreira Patrícia A. , Braga Érika M.
Published: May 2020

The use of a sensitive and accurate parasite detection methodology is crucial in studies exploring prevalence of parasites in host populations or communities, and uncertainty in identifying parasite genera and/or lineages may limit the understanding of host-parasite interactions. Here, we used a multistate occupancy approach that accounts for imperfect detection to assess whether sex and breeding season influenced the prevalence of a specific Haemoproteus lineage (TARUF02) in a white-lined tanager population. Likewise, we explored whether the probability of detecting the target parasite in an infected bird using PCR and sequencing analyses may be influenced by season and host sex. We found little evidence that sex influenced the probability of an individual host being infected by a haemosporidian parasite. Conversely, we found that the probability of infection by Haemoproteus TARUF02 was ~30% higher during the breeding season, reflecting a higher prevalence of this parasite in this season. The probability that PCR detects DNA of haemosporidian parasite was higher for female birds, suggesting that they are more prone to be parasitized with parasitemia levels that are more successfully detected by molecular analysis. Sequencing successfully determined the Haemoproteus TARUF02 lineage in 60% of samples collected during the breeding season and 84% of samples collected during the non-breeding season. Understanding the ecology of hosts and aspects of their physiology that may influence the parasite infection is essential to better understanding of hemoparasite infections and how parasites influence their native hosts, through decreasing reproductive success, lifespan, and/or survival.
Design and testing of a mobile health application rating tool
Authors: Levine David M. , Co Zoe , Newmark Lisa P. , Groisser Alissa R. , Holmgren A. Jay , Haas Jennifer S. , Bates David W.
Published: May 2020

Mobile health applications (“apps”) have rapidly proliferated, yet their ability to improve outcomes for patients remains unclear. A validated tool that addresses apps’ potentially important dimensions has not been available to patients and clinicians. The objective of this study was to develop and preliminarily assess a usable, valid, and open-source rating tool to objectively measure the risks and benefits of health apps. We accomplished this by using a Delphi process, where we constructed an app rating tool called THESIS that could promote informed app selection. We used a systematic process to select chronic disease apps with ≥4 stars and <4-stars and then rated them with THESIS to examine the tool’s interrater reliability and internal consistency. We rated 211 apps, finding they performed fair overall (3.02 out of 5 [95% CI, 2.96–3.09]), but especially poorly for privacy/security (2.21 out of 5 [95% CI, 2.11–2.32]), interoperability (1.75 [95% CI, 1.59–1.91]), and availability in multiple languages (1.43 out of 5 [95% CI, 1.30–1.56]). Ratings using THESIS had fair interrater reliability (κ = 0.3–0.6) and excellent scale reliability (ɑ = 0.85). Correlation with traditional star ratings was low (r = 0.24), suggesting THESIS captures issues beyond general user acceptance. Preliminary testing of THESIS suggests apps that serve patients with chronic disease could perform much better, particularly in privacy/security and interoperability. THESIS warrants further testing and may guide software and policymakers to further improve app performance, so apps can more consistently improve patient outcomes.
Emerging investigator series: first-principles and thermodynamics comparison of compositionally-tuned delafossites: cation release from the (001) surface of complex metal oxides
Authors: Bennett Joseph W. , Jones Diamond T. , Hudson Blake G. , Melendez-Rivera Joshua , Hamers Robert J. , Mason Sara E.
Published: May 2020

For a set of compositionally tuned complex metal oxides we predict the thermodynamics of aqueous surface transformations that lead to metal release.
High-altitude Tibetan fermented milk ameliorated cognitive dysfunction by modified gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice
Authors: Liu JunLi , Yu ChunYang , Li RunLe , Liu KunMei , Jin GuoEn , Ge RiLi , Tang Feng , Cui Sen
Published: May 2020

Heatmap of species composition in different yogurt samples (At genus level).
Highly selective detection of an organophosphorus pesticide, methyl parathion, using Ag–ZnO–SWCNT based field-effect transistors
Authors: Kumar T. H. Vignesh , Raman Pillai Suresh Kumar , Chan-Park Mary B. , Sundramoorthy Ashok K.
Published: May 2020

We reported a new non-enzymatic Ag–ZnO/s-SWCNT–FET based sensor for the selective detection of methyl parathion (MP) in rice and soil samples by using IDS–VGS.
New simple molecular fluorescent probes for rapid and highly selective sensing of hydrazine by aggregate-induced emission
Authors: Pavankumar B. B. , Ranjan Prabodh , Jha Prakash C. , Sivaramakrishna Akella
Published: May 2020

A rapid, selective, and sensitive method is developed and employed in the detection of hydrazine in water and living cells.
Lignin-derived red-emitting carbon dots for colorimetric and sensitive fluorometric detection of water in organic solvents
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Jianying , Xiao Wenxin , Geng Zhen , Tan Di , Wei Lai , Li Jinhua , Xue Longjian , Wang Xianbao , Zhu Jintao
Published: May 2020

Lignin-derived red-emitting carbon dots (RCDs) for colorimetric and sensitive fluorometric detection of water content in various organic solvents.
Modified cinchona alkaloid-catalysed enantioselective [4+4] annulations of cyclobutenones and 1-azadienes
Authors: Jiang Bo , Du Wei , Chen Ying-Chun
Published: May 2020

An asymmetric [4+4] annulation reaction between β-substituted cyclobutenones and diverse 1-azadienes is developed under the catalysis of modified cinchona alkaloids.
An asymmetric quasi-solid electrolyte for high-performance Li metal batteries
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Hangchao , Liu Yong , Wu Kai , Liu Wen , Zhou Henghui
Published: May 2020

A THU additive in an asymmetric quasi-solid electrolyte can eliminate dendritic formation during the cycling process.
Investigating the effects of pyridine and poly(4-vinylpyridine) on CO2 reduction electrocatalysis at gold electrodes using in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroelectrochemistry
Authors: Walsh James J.
Published: May 2020

CO2 reduction (CO2RR) at metal electrodes is altered in the presence of pyridine and related species.
Direct analysis of liquid drugs by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using aerosol dilution
Authors: Lorençatto Rodolfo , Arantes de Carvalho Gabriel Gustinelli , Oliveira Pedro Vitoriano
Published: May 2020

Direct analysis of liquid drug samples is proposed for determination of 24 elements using aerosol dilution, and multivariate studies for optimization of ICP-MS parameters were carried out.
Evaluation of MIP-OES as a detector in DLLME procedures: application to Cd determination in water samples
Authors: Serrano Raquel , Grindlay Guillermo , Niedzielski Przemysław , Gras Luis , Mora Juan
Published: May 2020

This work evaluates the feasibility of coupling DLLME to MIP-OES for elemental analysis. To this end, the potential spectral and non-spectral interferences caused by different organic extractants on the emission signal in MIP-OES have been studied.
B5N5 monolayer: a room-temperature light element antiferromagnetic insulator
Authors: Zhang Dong , Xiong Qihua , Chang Kai
Published: May 2020

In atomically-thick B5N5 monolayer, antiferromagnetism arises from spontaneous symmetry breaking due to flat bands in the vicinity of the Fermi surface. An electric-controllable prototype spin filter with nearly 100% spin polarization is proposed based on B5N5 monolayers.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of substitutedN-benzyl-2-phenylethanamines as cholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Carmona-Viglianco Florencia , Zaragoza-Puchol Daniel , Parravicini Oscar , Garro Adriana , Enriz Ricardo D. , Feresin Gabriela E. , Kurina-Sanz Marcela , Orden Alejandro A.
Published: May 2020

4’-O-methylnorbelladine and other non-natural halogenated protoalkaloids were synthesized by reductive amination. They exerted moderate to good inhibition of cholinesterases which was adequately explained by molecular modeling studies.
Efficiency improvement in non-enzymatic H2O2 detection induced by the simultaneous synthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles in an RGO/Au/Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposite
Authors: Heydaryan Kamran , Almasi Kashi Mohammad , Sharifi Nafiseh , Ranjbar-Azad Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Developing a quick and precise technique for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection would open up a new class of technologies for biological, medical and chemical applications.
Effect of the annealing temperature and of Bi substitution on the structural and magnetic behaviors of double-doping (Bi/La, Ca) (La0.8Ca0.2)1−xBixFeO3 compounds
Authors: Issaoui H. , Benali A. , Bejar M. , Dhahri E. , Santos R. F. , Costa B. F. O.
Published: May 2020

Perovskite (La0.8Ca0.2)1−xBixFeO3 compounds were synthesized by sol–gel method using the citric acid route and sintered at 800 °C and 900 °C. LCBFO 800 series has the smallest size of crystallites, a larger magnetization and a smaller Curie temperature.
Hexagonal layered group IV–VI semiconductors and derivatives: fresh blood of the 2D family
Authors: Tian Xiao-Qing , Duan Jing-Yi , Kiani Maryam , Wei Ya-Dong , Feng Naixing , Gong Zhi-Rui , Wang Xiang-Rong , Du Yu , Yakobson Boris I.
Published: May 2020

New phases of group IV–VI semiconductors in 2D hexagonal structures are predicted and their unusual physical properties are revealed.
Cytomembrane-mimicking nanocarriers with a scaffold consisting of a CD44-targeted endogenous component for effective asparaginase supramolecule delivery
Authors: Huang Yongjia , Gu Jing , Yan Zijun , Hu Xueyuan , He Dan , Zhang Yonghong , Li Yao , Zhong Cailing , Yang Jie , Shi Da , Abagyan Ruben , Tan Qunyou , Zhang Jingqing
Published: May 2020

Cytomembrane-mimicking nanocarriers with a scaffold consisting of a CD44-targeted endogenous component were applied to effectively deliver asparaginase supramolecule.
Cation-doping matters in caesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals: from physicochemical fundamentals to optoelectronic applications
Authors: Chen Yameng , Liu Yongsheng , Hong Maochun
Published: May 2020

The most recent advances in cation-doped all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are comprehensively reviewed in this review.
Photocatalyzed formal carbooxygenation of terminal alkynes
Authors: Chen Fengjuan , Yang Can , Hu Xinwei , Zhang Xiaoqi , Xie Haisheng , Jiang Huanfeng , Jiang Fubin , Zeng Wei
Published: May 2020

An efficient visible-light-induced formal carbooxygenation of N-arylsulfonylamido alkynes with molecular oxygen has been developed.
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2/Mg(OH)2 composites for catalytic degradation of CWA surrogates
Authors: Šťastný Martin , Štengl Václav , Henych Jiří , Tolasz Jakub , Kormunda Martin , Ederer Jakub , Issa Gloria , Janoš Pavel
Published: May 2020

Surface catalyzed reactions can be a convenient way to deactivate toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and remove them from the contaminated environment.
Oxidative radical coupling of hydroquinones and thiols using chromic acid: one-pot synthesis of quinonyl alkyl/aryl thioethers
Authors: Adarsh Krishna T. P. , Pandaram Sakthivel , Chinnasamy Suresh , Ilangovan Andivelu
Published: May 2020

Oxidative radical C–H/S–H cross coupling of hydroquinones and thiols and oxidation to quinone using a H2CrO4 system was developed.
Nickel–cobalt hydroxide: a positive electrode for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Vidhya M. Sangeetha , Ravi G. , Yuvakkumar R. , Velauthapillai Dhayalan , Thambidurai M. , Dang Cuong , Saravanakumar B.
Published: May 2020

So far, numerous metal oxides and metal hydroxides have been reported as an electrode material, a critical component in supercapacitors that determines the operation window of the capacitor.
The fabrication of mechanically durable and stretchable superhydrophobic PDMS/SiO2 composite film
Authors: Xue Chao-Hua , Tian Qian-Qian , Jia Shun-Tian , Zhao Ling-Ling , Ding Ya-Ru , Li Hui-Gui , An Qiu-Feng
Published: May 2020

Stretchable superhydrophobic film was fabricated by casting silicone rubber polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on a SiO2 nanoparticle-decorated template and subsequent stripping.
A template free protocol for fabrication of a Ni(ii)-loaded magnetically separable nanoreactor scaffold for confined synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides in water
Authors: Arora Gunjan , Yadav Manavi , Gaur Rashmi , Gupta Radhika , Rana Pooja , Yadav Priya , Sharma Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2020

An environmentally benign nickel(ii)-based magnetic nanoreactor has been developed for oxidative coupling of arenethiols with arylhydrazines to form unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides in water at room temperature.
A fluorescent microsensor for the selective detection of bifenthrin
Authors: Lv Xiaodong , Gao Peng
Published: May 2020

Based on the fluorescence quenching phenomenon, a smart fluorescent microsensor was synthesized.
Discovery of hydrazide-based pyridazino[4,5-b]indole scaffold as a new phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor for breast cancer therapy
Authors: Sarhan Ahmed A. M. , Boraei Ahmed T. A. , Barakat Assem , Nafie Mohamed S.
Published: May 2020

The mono and dialkylation of pyridazino[4,5-b]indole with a set of alkylating agents were achieved. The synthesized pyridazino[4,5-b]indole hits have been evaluated and discovered as a new phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor for breast cancer therapy.
Controlling the growth of nanosized titaniaviapolymer gelation for photocatalytic applications
Authors: El Jemli Yousra , Mansori Mohammed , Gonzalez Diaz Oscar , Barakat Abdellatif , Solhy Abderrahim , Abdelouahdi Karima
Published: May 2020

Nanocrystalline titania was synthesized by a simple, innovative and eco-friendly gelation method by using biopolymers (polysaccharides).
Twisting and tilting of a mechanosensitive molecular probe detects order in membranes
Authors: Licari Giuseppe , Strakova Karolina , Matile Stefan , Tajkhorshid Emad
Published: May 2020

Flipper-TR fluorescent probe detects lipid packing and membrane tension by twisting its mechanosensitive flippers and by changing its orientation in the membrane.
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes intertwined with porous carbon with enhanced cathode performance in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Long Tao , Meng Fancheng , Xu Bin , Zhao Yixin , Liu Weilin , Wei Xiangfeng , Zheng Lianxi , Liu Jiehua
Published: May 2020

A nitrogen-doped CNT threaded polyaniline hydrogel-derived porous carbon structure greatly improves the energy storage performance when integrated into a Li–S battery cathode.
Significantly enhanced thermoelectric performance of molecular junctions by the twist angle dependent phonon interference effect
Authors: Zeng Yu-Jia , Wu Dan , Cao Xuan-Hao , Feng Ye-Xin , Tang Li-Ming , Chen Ke-Qiu
Published: May 2020

The twist angle can induce phonon interference effect in the intermediately coupled molecular junctions and significantly suppress phonon thermal conductance.
Do polymer ligands block the catalysis of metal nanoparticles? Unexpected importance of binding motifs in improving catalytic activity
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wei Zichao , Meng Michael , Ung Gaël , He Jie
Published: May 2020

Polymer NHC ligands enhance the catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles despite the increase of surface crowdedness.
Osteopontin sequence modified mesoporous calcium silicate scaffolds to promote angiogenesis in bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Zhu Min , He He , Meng Qingxi , Zhu Yufang , Ye Xiaojian , Xu Ning , Yu Jiangming
Published: May 2020

Surface grafting and encapsulation of SVVYGLR peptides in MCS promote vessel/bone formation all over the scaffold.
Multi-stimuli-responsive nanomicelles fabricated using synthetic polymer polylysine conjugates for tumor microenvironment dependent drug delivery
Authors: Augustine Rimesh , Kim Dae-Kyoung , Kalva Nagendra , Eom Kuen Hee , Kim Jae Ho , Kim Il
Published: May 2020

A poly(lysine)-synthetic polymer hybrid nanomicelles were fabricated as promising platform for efficient tumor targeting and glutathione/pH/temperature-responsive anticancer drug delivery.
Red-emissive poly(phenylene vinylene)-derivated semiconductors with well-balanced ambipolar electrical transporting properties
Authors: Zhang Yihan , Ye Jun , Liu Zheyuan , Liu Qingqing , Guo Xiaofei , Dang Yanfeng , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Wang Zhixiang , Wang Zhaohui , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping
Published: May 2020

Herein, two new poly(phenylene vinylene) derivatives are designed and synthesized with lactam groups as the electron-deficient and lateral extending units and phenylethylene as the emissive element for achieving integrated optoelectronic properties.
Expression profiles of genes associated with inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in lung after heat stroke
Authors: Liu Zhaoyu , Chen Jitao , Hu La , Li Ming , Liang Min , Chen Jianan , Lin Hai , Zeng Zicheng , Yin Weida , Dong Zhijie , Weng Jinsheng , Yao Wenxia , Yi Gao
Published: May 2020

Background: Heat stroke (HS) is a physically dysfunctional illness caused by hyperthermia. Lung, as the important place for gas-exchange and heat-dissipation organ, is often first to be injured. Lung injury caused by HS impairs the ventilation function of lung, which will subsequently cause damage to other tissues and organs. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of lung injury in heat stroke is still unknown.

Methods: Rat lung tissues from controls or HS models were harvested. The gene expression profile was identified by high-throughput sequencing. DEGs were calculated using R and validated by qRT-PCR. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and cell-enrichment were performed using differential expression genes (DEGs). Finally, lung histopathology was accessed by H&E staining.

Results: About 471 genes were identified to be DEGs, of which 257 genes were up-regulated, and 214 genes were down-regulated. The most up-regulated and down-regulated DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR, which confirmed the tendency of expression. GO, KEGG, and protein–protein interaction (PPI)-network analyses disclosed DEGs were significantly enriched in leukocyte migration, response to lipopolysaccharide, NIK/NF-kappaB signaling, response to reactive oxygen species, response to heat, and the hub genes were Tnf, Il1b, Cxcl2, Ccl2, Mmp9, Timp1, Hmox1, Serpine1, Mmp8 and Csf1, most of which were closely related to inflammagenesis and oxidative stress. Finally, cell-enrichment analysis and histopathologic analysis showed Monocytes, Megakaryotyes, and Macrophages were enriched in response to heat stress.

Conclusions: The present study identified key genes, signal pathways and infiltrated-cell types in lung after heat stress, which will deepen our understanding of transcriptional response to heat stress, and might provide new ideas for the treatment of HS.
A three-gene signature might predict prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhu Xin , Zhao Qian , Su Xiaoyu , Ke Jinming , Yi Yunyun , Yi Jing , Lin Jiang , Qian Jun , Deng Zhaoqun
Published: May 2020

The identification of effective signatures is crucial to predict the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The investigation aimed to identify a new signature for AML prognostic prediction by using the three-gene expression (octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), POU domain type 5 transcription factor 1B (POU5F1B) and B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site-1 pseudogene 1 (BMI1P1). The expressions of genes were obtained from our previous study. Only the specimens in which three genes were all expressed were included in this research. A three-gene signature was constructed by the multivariate Cox regression analyses to divide patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the three-gene signature (area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.901, 95% CI: 0.821–0.981, P<0.001) indicated that it was a more valuable signature for distinguishing between patients and controls than any of the three genes. Moreover, white blood cells (WBCs, P=0.004), platelets (PLTs, P=0.017), percentage of blasts in bone marrow (BM) (P=0.011) and complete remission (CR, P=0.027) had significant differences between two groups. Furthermore, high-risk group had shorter leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) than low-risk group (P=0.026; P=0.006), and the three-gene signature was a prognostic factor. Our three-gene signature for prognosis prediction in AML may serve as a prognostic biomarker.
When Additional Training Isn't Enough: Further Evidence That Unpredictable Speech Inhibits Adaptation
Authors: Lansford Kaitlin L. , Borrie Stephanie A. , Barrett Tyson S. , Flechaus Cassidy
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Robust improvements in intelligibility following familiarization, a listener-targeted perceptual training paradigm, have been revealed for talkers diagnosed with spastic, ataxic, and hypokinetic dysarthria but not for talkers with hyperkinetic dysarthria. While the theoretical explanation for the lack of intelligibility improvement following training with hyperkinetic talkers is that there is insufficient distributional regularity in the speech signals to support perceptual adaptation, it could simply be that the standard training protocol was inadequate to facilitate learning of the unpredictable talker. In a pair of experiments, we addressed this possible alternate explanation by modifying the levels of exposure and feedback provided by the perceptual training protocol to offer listeners a more robust training experience.

Method

In Experiment 1, we examined the exposure modifications, testing whether perceptual adaptation to an unpredictable talker with hyperkinetic dysarthria could be achieved with greater or more diverse exposure to dysarthric speech during the training phase. In Experiment 2, we examined feedback modifications, testing whether perceptual adaptation to the unpredictable talker could be achieved with the addition of internally generated somatosensory feedback, via vocal imitation, during the training phase.

Results

Neither task modification led to improved intelligibility of the unpredictable talker with hyperkinetic dysarthria. Furthermore, listeners who completed the vocal imitation task demonstrated significantly reduced intelligibility at posttest.

Conclusion

Together, the results from Experiments 1 and 2 replicate and extend findings from our previous work, suggesting perceptual adaptation is inhibited for talkers whose speech is largely characterized by unpredictable degradations. Collectively, these results underscore the importance of integrating signal predictability into theoretical models of perceptual learning.
Hypothesis for the mechanism of action of ECAP‐controlled closed‐loop systems for spinal cord stimulation
Authors: Parker John , Karantonis Dean , Single Peter
Published: May 2020

Advances in technology and improvement of efficacy for many neuromodulation applications have been achieved without understanding the relationship between the stimulation parameters and the neural activity which is generated in the nervous system. It is the neural activity that ultimately drives the therapeutic benefit and the advent of evoked compound action potential recording allows this activity to be directly measured and quantified. Closed‐loop control adjusts the stimulation parameters to maintain a predetermined level of neural recruitment and has been shown to provide improved pain relief in individuals with spinal cord stimulators. However, no mechanism that relates more consistent neural recruitment to patient outcomes has been proposed. The authors propose a hypothesis that may explain the difference in efficacy between open‐ and closed‐loop operational modes by considering the relationship between measured neural recruitment with hypothetical dose and side effect response curves. This provides a rational basis for directing clinical research and improving therapeutic systems.
Analysis of metamodels for model‐based production automation system engineering
Authors: Cha Suhyun , Vogel‐Heuser Birgit , Fischer Juliane
Published: May 2020

In the current Industry 4.0 era, automated production systems (aPS) comprising of multi‐disciplinary artefacts all closely interwoven are required to adapt to various and varying requirements from customers and environment which introduce additional complexity. Model‐based engineering on the premise of metamodelling is regarded as a promising paradigm to handle this complexity to engineer aPS. Although various metamodels appear to solve problems in different viewpoints on systems, the absence of a core metamodel causes inconsistencies between the metamodels and hinders common understanding of the system and model reuse. In this study, the authors analyse existing metamodels from different research groups and present inconsistencies among them explicitly which support the necessity of the core metamodel. Considering properties of aPS together with relevant standards, the authors present a demonstration of analyses on exemplary metamodels and a set of criteria to understand the various aspects of the aPS metamodels as the first step towards the core metamodel. Feasibility of creating a universal metamodel of aPS domain is discussed, and the authors claim the necessity of having a common understanding of core concepts of aPS to support the cross‐disciplinary reuse of existing metamodels and, accordingly, the compatibility of the instalment and operation of components.
MULTIMOORA strategy for solving multi‐attribute group decision making (MAGDM) in trapezoidal neutrosophic number environment
Authors: Pramanik Surapati , Mallick Rama
Published: May 2020

The main purpose of this study is to bring in a new extension of multi‐objective optimisation on the basis of ratio analysis plus full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) in trapezoidal neutrosophic number (TrNN) environment. MULTIMOORA strategy provides high efficiency and effectiveness in problem‐solving. The new MULTIMOORA strategy consists of three components. The components are ratio system approach, reference point approach, and full multiplicative form. To develop the proposed strategy, the authors find out three ranking order of alternatives using the three components. The final ranking order of the alternatives is based on dominance property. The study is original as it first develops the MULTIMOORA strategy in the TrNN environment, which they call TrNN‐ MULTIMOORA. They solve a realistic banking problem involving multi‐attribute group decision making in the TrNN environment to reflect the applicability and proficiency of the developed strategy. They also present a comparison between the proposed strategy and the existing tomada de decisao interativa e multicritévio and VlseKriterijumska Optimizcija I Kaompromisno Resenje strategies.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Emergency Department
Authors: Chianca Vito , Di Pietto Francesco , Zappia Marcello , Albano Domenico , Messina Carmelo , Sconfienza Luca Maria
Published: May 2020

The skin, nerves, and tendons are superficial anatomical structures that can easily be investigated with an ultrasound (US) examination in the emergency department (ED). US evaluation is relatively underused in musculoskeletal evaluation when compared with other emergency applications, such as abdominal trauma, possible aortic aneurysm, and in the cardiovascular system. The aim of this article is to revise the main bone and soft tissue conditions that can be assessed using US in the ED.
Ultrasound Biomarkers for Sarcopenia: What Can We Tell So Far?
Authors: Mirón Mombiela Rebeca , Vucetic Jelena , Rossi Federica , Tagliafico Alberto Stefano
Published: May 2020

Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass, strength, and loss of function that can impair quality of life and increase physical disability, adverse metabolic effects, and mortality. This review familiarizes the reader with ultrasound (US)-based biomarkers for sarcopenia with a discussion of these topics: why assessing sarcopenia is relevant for radiologists, how to evaluate muscle structure with US, the current challenges or pitfalls of these biomarkers, and the implications of all the available evidence. It summarizes the most up-to-date literature on the pathophysiology behind the use of these US-based biomarkers, the biomarkers themselves, and a protocol used for their assessments. The article also describes representative examples that reflect modern practice in the field. Imaging is routinely used in clinical practice, and radiologists can play an important role in the evaluation of geriatric patients, providing an unprecedented opportunity to improve decision support in sarcopenia prevention and treatment.
Ultrasound Elastography in Musculoskeletal Radiology: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Snoj Žiga , Wu C. H. , Taljanovic M.S. , Dumić-Čule I. , Drakonaki E. E. , Klauser Andrea S.
Published: May 2020

Ultrasound elastography (USE) is becoming an important adjunct tool in the evaluation of various musculoskeletal (MSK) traumatic conditions and diseases, with an increasing number of applications and publications in recent years. This rapidly evolving technique enhances the conventional ultrasound (US) examination by providing information on the elastic properties of tissue alongside the morphological and vascular information obtained from B-mode US and Doppler imaging. Those performing USE must have basic knowledge of its proper imaging techniques and limitations. In this review article, we place the USE in historical perspective and discuss basic techniques and current applications of USE in the evaluation of various traumatic and pathologic conditions of fasciae, nerves, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and MSK soft tissue masses.
Collision of Priorities in Posttraumatic Coma and Suspected Multiple Injuries: A Prospective Multicenter Trial
Authors: Firsching Raimund , Voellger Benjamin , Woischneck Dieter , Rashidi Ali Mohammed , König Rebecca , Luchtmann Michael
Published: May 2020

Objective The presence of multiple injuries in addition to a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is initially uncertain in most patients with posttraumatic coma. The interdisciplinary team of physicians in charge of initial treatment after hospital admission may face a collision of vital priorities. The purpose of this study was to analyze which diagnostic and surgical measures were given priority over others in comatose patients after injury and to draw conclusions from these data.

Methods In this prospective multicenter cohort study, the outcomes of 1,003 comatose patients with suspected multiple injuries were studied. The analysis was divided into an early and a late stage. Diagnostic and surgical measures were analyzed for a 6-month period. The prognostic value of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grading scale were investigated.

Results Removal of intracranial hematomas and decompressive craniotomies were the most frequent procedures within the first 48 hours after admission to the hospital. Prognosis depends on the location and the combination of injuries. Outcome is significantly correlated to initial signs of brainstem dysfunction. The GCS did not adequately predict clinical outcome.

Conclusion Comatose patients with suspected multiple injuries should only be admitted to hospitals with a continuous neurosurgical service because intracranial operations are more frequent in the first 48 hours than extracranial operations. Depending on the neurologic status of the patient, an urgent surgical decompression may be essential for a good outcome. The GCS alone is not a sufficient tool for the neurologic assessment and the prognosis of patients with multiple injuries. The onset of clinical signs of brainstem dysfunction indicates a critical deterioration of the functioning of the central nervous system. The priority of surgical measures should be tailored accordingly.
Peripheral Nerves: Not Only Cross-sectional Area in the Era of Radiomics
Authors: Tagliafico Alberto Stefano , González Raquel Prada , Rossi Federica , Bignotti Bianca , Martinoli Carlo
Published: May 2020

The peripheral nervous system is increasingly being investigated using medical imaging as a complement or in association with electrodiagnostics tests. The application of imaging techniques, such as ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allows detailed visualization of the peripheral nervous system. According to the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology, the use of US for nerve evaluation is strongly encouraged. In addition, the role of US is further enhanced by the wide application of US-guided techniques to diagnose or to treat peripheral nerve disorders.

Standard evaluation of peripheral nerves on US usually relies on cross-sectional area evaluation with different cutoff values in the osteofibrous tunnels and outside them. In several anatomical areas, side-to-side comparison is highly recommended because it helps distinguish subtle variations by using the unaffected limb as an internal control.

US is widely used to perform US-guided interventional procedures on peripheral nerves. The recent development of radiomics and machine and deep learning applied to peripheral nerves may reveal new insights beyond the capabilities of the human eye. Radiomics may have a role in expanding the diagnostic capabilities of US and MRI in the study of peripheral nerve pathology, especially when the cross-sectional area is not markedly increased.
Reactive Thrombocytosis in Non-aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Dubinski Daniel , Won Sae-Yeon , Behmanesh Bedjan , Brawanski Nina , Seifert Volker , Senft Christian , Konczalla Juergen
Published: May 2020

Background The role of reactive thrombocytosis in non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (NA-SAH) is largely unexplored to date. Therefore, the impact of a quantitative thrombocyte dynamic in patients with NA-SAH and its clinical relevance were analyzed in the present study.

Methods In this retrospective analysis, 113 patients with nontraumatic and NA-SAH treated between 2003 and 2015 at our institution were included. World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies admission status, cerebral vasospasm, delayed infarction, hydrocephalus, need for ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt, and Fisher grade were analyzed for their association with reactive thrombocytosis.

Results Reactive thrombocytosis was not associated with hydrocephalus (p ≥ 0.05), need for VP shunt implantation (p ≥ 0.05), cerebral vasospasm (p ≥ 0.05), or delayed cerebral ischemia (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion Our study is the first to investigate the role of thrombocyte dynamics, reactive thrombocytosis, and the clinical course of NA-SAH patients. Our analysis showed no significant impact of thrombocyte count on NA-SAH sequelae.
Pre- and Intraoperative Mapping for Tumors in the Primary Motor Cortex: Decision-Making Process in Surgical Resection
Authors: Lavrador José Pedro , Ghimire Prajwal , Brogna Christian , Furlanetti Luciano , Patel Sabina , Gullan Richard , Ashkan Keyoumars , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Vergani Francesco
Published: May 2020

Background Lesions within the primary motor cortex (M1) and the corticospinal tract (CST) represent a significant surgical challenge with a delicate functional trade-off that should be integrated in the overall patient-centered treatment plan.

Methods Patients with lesions within the M1 and CST with preoperative cortical and subcortical mapping (navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation [nTMS] and tractography), intraoperative mapping, and intraoperative provisional histologic information (smear with and without 5-aminolevulinic acid [5-ALA]) were included. This independently acquired information was integrated in a decision-making process model to determine the intraoperative extent of resection.

Results A total of 10 patients (6 patients with metastatic precentral tumor; 1 patient with grade III and 2 patients with grade IV gliomas; 1 patient with precentral cavernoma) were included in the study. Most of the patients (60%) had a preoperative motor deficit. The nTMS documented M1 invasion in all cases, and in eight patients, the lesions were embedded within the CST. Overall, 70% of patients underwent gross total resection; 20% of patients underwent near-total resection of the lesions. In only one patient was no surgical resection possible after both preoperative and intraoperative mapping. Overall, 70% of patients remained stable postoperatively, and previous motor weakness improved in 20%.

Conclusion The independently acquired anatomical (anatomical MRI) and functional (nTMS and tractography) tests in patients with CST lesions provide a useful guide for resection. The inclusion of histologic information (smear with or without 5-ALA) further allows the surgical team to balance the potential functional risks within the global treatment plan. Therefore, the patient is kept at the center of the informed decision-making process.
Effect of Incorporation of Silver Nanoparticles on the Tensile Bond Strength of a Long term Soft Denture Liner
Authors: Habibzadeh Sareh , Omidvaran Arman , Eskandarion Solmauz , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza
Published: May 2020

Objectives This study aimed at assessing the effect of the addition of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) to a silicone soft liner on its tensile bond strength to denture base resin.

Materials and Methods SNPs were added to Mucopren cold cure soft liner in 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt% concentrations and bonded in 120 stainless steel molds with processed heat cure acrylic resin blocks. Liner/resin combination samples were divided into two groups. The first half was stored for 2 days in distilled water at 37°C and then subjected to tensile bond strength, while the other half were thermocycled 3000 times before testing. Mean bond strength, expressed in mega pascals (MPa), was determined in the tensile test with the use of a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min.

Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using SPSS via one-way analysis of variance test, t-test, and Tukey’s posthoc, at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05).

Results Addition of SNPs and thermocycling both caused a significant reduction in the tensile bond strength of Mucopren to acrylic resin; however, in the thermocycled group, the bond strength increased with the increase in the concentration of SNPs (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Addition of SNPs to Mucopren soft silicone liner reduces its tensile bond strength to denture acrylic resin.
Evaluation of Mandibular First Molars’ Axial Inclination and Alveolar Morphology in Different Facial Patterns: A CBCT Study
Authors: Ferreira Marcos Cezar , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore de , Herrera-Sanches Francyle Simões , Santos Patrícia Bittencourt dos , Garib Daniela , Janson Guilherme , Freitas Marcos Roberto de
Published: May 2020

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the axial inclination of the mandibular first molars and their respective bone morphology among individuals with different facial patterns.

Materials and Methods The sample comprised the cone beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) of 58 subjects divided into three groups according to the facial patterns: 18 brachyfacial (Group 1), with a mean age of 21.58 years; 23 mesofacial (Group 2), with a mean age of 19.14 years; and 17 dolichofacial subjects (Group 3), with a mean age of 19.09 years. Eight variables were evaluated on CBCT scans of each subject: buccal and lingual mandibular height, cervical and middle mandibular width, inclination of mandibular body, inclination of the mandibular molar buccal surface, molar width, molar angulation and tooth/bone angle. Intergroup comparisons were performed with one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey tests.

Results Buccal mandibular height presented statistically significant difference in the three facial patterns. Lingual mandibular height and mandibular inclination showed to be statistically and significantly smaller in brachyfacial subjects than in the other two groups. Mandibular width presented a statistically significant difference between brachyfacial and mesofacial groups. Negative correlations could be observed between the facial pattern and the buccal and lingual mandibular heights and inclination of the mandibular body.

Conclusion Buccal mandibular height was significantly and progressively larger in brachyfacial, mesofacial, and dolichofacial subjects. Lingual mandibular height was significantly smaller in brachyfacial than in mesofacial and dolichofacial subjects. Mandibular width was significantly thicker in brachyfacial than in mesofacial subjects. Brachyfacial subjects had smaller mandibular inclination than mesofacial and dolichofacial subjects.
High-Resolution Ultrasound of Small Clinically Relevant Nerves Running Across the Posterior Triangle of the Neck
Authors: Picasso Riccardo , Zaottini Federico , Pistoia Federico , Perez Maribel Miguel , Klauser Andrea , Rossi Federica , Schenone Angelo , Tagliafico Alberto Stefano , Martinoli Carlo
Published: May 2020

With the advent of high-frequency ultrasound (US) transducers, new perspectives have been opened in evaluating millimetric and submillimetric nerves that, despite their dimensions, can be considered relevant in clinical practice. In the posterior triangle of the neck, the suprascapular, long thoracic, phrenic, supraclavicular, great auricular, lesser occipital, and transverse cervical nerves are amenable to US examination and the object of special interest because they may be involved in many pathologic processes or have a value as targets of advanced therapeutic procedures. The correct identification of these nerves requires a deep knowledge of local neck anatomy and the use of a complex landmarks-based approach with US. This article describes the anatomy and US technique to examine small but clinically relevant nerves of the posterior triangle of the neck (excluding the brachial plexus), reviewing the main pathologic conditions in which they may be involved.
Charge carrier scattering and ultrafast Auger dynamics in two-dimensional superatomic semiconductors
Authors: Kim Heejae , Lee Kihong , Dismukes Avalon H. , Choi Bonnie , Roy Xavier , Zhu Xiaoyang , Bonn Mischa
Published: May 2020

Superatom solids are promising for optoelectronic applications, owing to their tunable structural and electronic properties; yet, the electronic transport properties of these materials have been largely unexplored. Here, we report the Auger recombination dynamics of free carriers in two representative two-dimensional superatomic semiconductors, Re6Se8Cl2 and Mo6S3Br6, studied using ultrafast terahertz photoconductivity measurements. The fast Auger recombination dynamics are characterized by a cubic dependence of the Auger rate on carrier density in Re6Se8Cl2 and a quadratic dependence in Mo6S3Br6. The effective lifetimes of Mo6S3Br6 (∼ 0.5 ps) are over an order of magnitude shorter than those (∼ 20 ps) of Re6Se8Cl2. These results highlight the variability of the optoelectronic properties of different superatom solids.
Pressure correction for solvation theories
Authors: Robert Anton , Luukkonen Sohvi , Levesque Maximilien
Published: May 2020

Liquid state theories such as integral equations and classical density functional theory often overestimate the bulk pressure of fluids because they require closure relations or truncations of functionals. Consequently, the cost to create a molecular cavity in the fluid is no longer negligible, and those theories predict incorrect solvation free energies. We show how to correct them simply by computing an optimized Van der Walls volume of the solute and removing the undue free energy to create such volume in the fluid. Given this versatile correction, we demonstrate that state-of-the-art solvation theories can predict, within seconds, hydration free energies of a benchmark of small neutral drug-like molecules with the same accuracy as day-long molecular simulations.
Study on the transient characteristics of pulsation bubble near a free surface based on finite volume method and front tracking method
Authors: Liu L. T. , Chen X. B. , Zhang W. Q. , Zhang A.-M.
Published: May 2020

The pulsation bubble dynamics near a free surface have significant engineering applications. Based on the finite volume method, a front tracking method coupled with an extrapolation technique is applied to study the transient characteristics of the pulsation bubble near the free surface with the different stand-off distance parameter γ and buoyancy parameter δ (the parameters are defined in Sec. II D). By comparison, the numerical results agree well with the results from the spark-generated bubble experiment. For the cases with small δ, (i) the phenomenon that the bubble top is elongated is no longer obvious while γ > 2.0, (ii) with the decrease in γ, the bubble centroid at the minimum volume is gradually away from the free surface except for migrating upward while 0.85 < γ < 1.0, and (iii) while γ > 1.2, the free surface begins to fall with the bubble collapse after rising during the expansion stage and almost falls back to its original position while γ > 2.4. For the cases with γ = 1.0–1.13, (i) while δ > 0.2293, the jet penetrates the bubble before the bubble reaches its minimum volume, and both are contrary while δ < 0.2293, (ii) while δ > 0.4636, the free surface begins to fall with the bubble collapse after rising during the expansion stage, and (iii) the bubble is always migrating toward the free surface while δ > 0.4109. Meanwhile, the phenomena such as the inward jet formed inside the toroidal bubble, the toroidal bubble split, and the water skirt are also analyzed.