bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How intermittency affects the rate at which rainfall extremes respond to changes in temperature
Authors: Schleiss Marc
Published: July 2018

Abstract. A detailed analysis of how intermittency (i.e., the alternation of dry and rainy periods) modulates the rate at which sub-daily rainfall extremes depend on temperature is presented. Results show that hourly extremes tend to be predominantly controlled by peak intensity, increasing at a rate of approximately 7 % per degree in agreement with the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. However, a rapid increase in intermittency upward of 20–25 °C is shown to produce local deviations from this theoretical scaling, resulting in lower scaling rates. On the other hand, rapidly decreasing intermittency with temperature between 10 and 20° can result in higher net scaling rates than expected, potentially exceeding Clausius–Clapeyron. In general, the importance of intermittency in controlling the scaling rates of precipitation with temperature grows as we progress from hourly to daily aggregation timescales and beyond. Thermodynamic effects still play an important role in controlling the maximum water-holding capacity of the atmosphere and therefore peak rainfall intensity, but the observational evidence shows that, beyond a few hours, storm totals become increasingly dominated by dynamical factors. The conclusion is that Clausius–Clapeyron scaling alone cannot be used to reliably predict the net effective changes in rainfall extremes with temperature beyond a few hours. A more general scaling model that takes into account simultaneous changes in intermittency and peak intensity with temperature is proposed to help better disentangle these two phenomena (e.g., peak intensity and intermittency). The new model is applied to a large number of high-resolution rain gauge time series in the United States, and results show that it greatly improves the representation of rainfall extremes with temperature, producing a much more consistent and reliable picture of extremes across scales than using Clausius–Clapeyron only.
MARES Project: Hydrographic data of the San Jorge Gulf from
R/V Coriolis II cruise in 2014
Authors: Carbajal Juan Cruz , Charo Marcela , Rivas Andrés Luján , Chavanne Cèdric
Published: July 2018

Abstract. PROMESse (Multidisciplinary program for the study of the ecosystem and marine geology of San Jorge Gulf and the coast of the Province of Chubut) was an international cooperation research program among the Ministry of Science and Technology (MINCyT), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), the Province of Chubut (Argentina) and the University of Quebec at Rimouski (UQAR/ISMER, Canada). Within the framework of this program two projects were carried out, MARES (Marine Ecosystem Health of the San Jorge Gulf: Present status and Resilience capacity) and MARGES (Marine Geology). The main goal of MARES was to conduct a comprehensive study of the dynamics of physical, chemical and biological parameters vitals for the San Jorge Gulf ecosystem. The observational component of this project consisted on a multidisciplinary oceanographic cruise on board of the research vessel Coriolis II in Feb. 2014 integrated by three legs designed to identify and characterize areas of high primary productivity, which will serve as indicators of the ecosystem health. This paper reports the hydrographic data collected during the second leg of the Coriolis II cruise. This leg was aimed to study the frontal dynamics associated to a region of high tidal dissipation rate south of the Gulf, and to study the vertical displacements of the pycnocline at a fixed site in the center of the Gulf mouth. To this end, high-resolution data was collected in the southern tidal front, including quasi-continuous CTD vertical profiles, underway surface temperature and salinity, Scanfish II CTD and shipboard ADCP data. The data sets are available in the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) from NOAA. DOI: doi:10.7289/V5MP51J2.
A Structure from Motion photogrammetry-based method to generate sub-millimetre resolution Digital Elevation Models for investigating rock breakdown features
Authors: Verma Ankit K. , Bourke Mary C.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. We have generated sub-millimetre resolution DEMs of weathered rock surfaces using SfM photogrammetry techniques. We apply a close-range Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry-based method in the field and use it to generate high-resolution topographic data for weathered boulders and bedrock. The method was pilot tested on extensively weathered Triassic Moenkopi Sandstone outcrops near Meteor Crater in Arizona. Images were taken in the field using a consumer grade DSLR camera and were processed in commercially available software Agisoft Photoscan to build dense point cloud. Dense point clouds were registered to a local 3D coordinate system (x, y, z) which was developed using a specially designed triangle coded control target and then exported as Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The accuracy of the DEMs was validated under controlled experimental conditions. A number of checkpoints were used to calculate errors. We also evaluated the effects of image and camera parameters on the accuracy of our DEMs. We report a horizontal error of 0.5 mm and vertical error of 0.3 mm in our experiments. Our approach provides a low-cost method, for obtaining very high-resolution topographic data on weathered rock surfaces (area
The Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (ISA-MIP): motivation and experimental design
Authors: Timmreck Claudia , Mann Graham W. , Aquila Valentina , Hommel Rene , Lee Lindsay A. , Schmidt Anja , Brühl Christoph , Carn Simon , Chin Mian , Dhomse Sandip S. , Diehl Thomas , English Jason M. , Mills Michael J. , Neely Ryan , Sheng Jianxiong , Toohey Matthew , Weisenstein Debra
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The Stratospheric Sulfur and its Role in Climate (SSiRC)
Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (ISA-MIP)
explores uncertainties in the processes that connect volcanic emission of
sulfur gas species and the radiative forcing associated with the resulting
enhancement of the stratospheric aerosol layer. The central aim of ISA-MIP
is to constrain and improve interactive stratospheric aerosol models and
reduce uncertainties in the stratospheric aerosol forcing by comparing
results of standardized model experiments with a range of observations. In
this paper we present four co-ordinated inter-model experiments designed to
investigate key processes which influence the formation and temporal
development of stratospheric aerosol in different time periods of the
observational record. The Background (BG) experiment will focus on
microphysics and transport processes under volcanically quiescent
conditions, when the stratospheric aerosol is controlled by the transport of
aerosols and their precursors from the troposphere to the stratosphere. The
Transient Aerosol Record (TAR) experiment will explore the role of
small- to moderate-magnitude volcanic eruptions, anthropogenic sulfur
emissions, and transport processes over the period 1998–2012 and their role
in the warming hiatus. Two further experiments will investigate the
stratospheric sulfate aerosol evolution after major volcanic eruptions. The
Historical Eruptions SO2 Emission Assessment (HErSEA) experiment
will focus on the uncertainty in the initial emission of recent
large-magnitude volcanic eruptions, while the Pinatubo Emulation in
Multiple models (PoEMS) experiment will provide a comprehensive
uncertainty analysis of the radiative forcing from the 1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption.
Stratospheric aerosol evolution after Pinatubo simulated with a coupled size-resolved aerosol–chemistry–climate model, SOCOL-AERv1.0
Authors: Sukhodolov Timofei , Sheng Jian-Xiong , Feinberg Aryeh , Luo Bei-Ping , Peter Thomas , Revell Laura , Stenke Andrea , Weisenstein Debra K. , Rozanov Eugene
Published: July 2018

Abstract. We evaluate how the coupled
aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv1.0 represents the influence of
the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo on stratospheric aerosol properties and
atmospheric state. The aerosol module is coupled to the radiative and
chemical modules and includes comprehensive sulfur chemistry and
microphysics, in which the particle size distribution is represented by 40
size bins with radii spanning from 0.39 nm to 3.2 µm. SOCOL-AER
simulations are compared with satellite and in situ measurements of aerosol
parameters, temperature reanalyses, and ozone observations. In addition to
the reference model configuration, we performed series of sensitivity
experiments looking at different processes affecting the aerosol layer. An
accurate sedimentation scheme is found to be essential to prevent particles
from diffusing too rapidly to high and low altitudes. The aerosol radiative
feedback and the use of a nudged quasi-biennial oscillation help to keep
aerosol in the tropics and significantly affect the evolution of the
stratospheric aerosol burden, which improves the agreement with observed
aerosol mass distributions. The inclusion of van der Waals forces in the
particle coagulation scheme suggests improvements in particle effective
radius, although other parameters (such as aerosol longevity) deteriorate.
Modification of the Pinatubo sulfur emission rate also improves some aerosol
parameters, while it worsens others compared to observations. Observations
themselves are highly uncertain and render it difficult to conclusively judge
the necessity of further model reconfiguration. The model revealed problems
in reproducing aerosol sizes above 25 km and also in capturing certain
features of the ozone response. Besides this, our results show that SOCOL-AER
is capable of predicting the most important global-scale atmospheric effects
following volcanic eruptions, which is also a prerequisite for an improved
understanding of solar geoengineering effects from sulfur injections to the
stratosphere.
On the impact of recent developments of an atmospheric general
circulation model on the simulation of CO2 transport
Authors: Remaud Marine , Chevallier Frédéric , Cozic Anne , Lin Xin , Bousquet Philippe
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The quality of the representation of greenhouse gas (GHG) transport in atmospheric General Circulation Models (GCMs) drives the potential of inverse systems to retrieve GHG surface fluxes to a large extent. In this work, the transport of CO2 is evaluated in the latest version of the LMDz GCM, developed for the Climate Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) relative to the LMDz version developed for CMIP4. Several key changes have been implemented between the two versions; those include a more elaborate radiative scheme, new sub-grid scale parameterizations of convective and boundary layer processes, and a refined vertical resolution. We performed a set of simulations of LMDz with the different physical parameterizations, two different horizontal resolutions and different land surface schemes, in order to test the impact of those different configurations on the overall transport simulation. By modulating the intensity of vertical mixing, the physical parameterizations control the interhemispheric gradient and the amplitude of the seasonal cycle in the summer northern hemisphere, as emphasized by the comparison with observations at surface sites. However, the effect of the new parameterizations depends on the region considered, with a strong impact over South America (Brazil, Amazonian forest) but a smaller impact over Europe, Eastern Asia and North America. A finer horizontal resolution reduces the representation errors at observation sites near emission-hot spots or along the coastlines. In comparison, the sensitivities to the land surface model and to the increased vertical resolution are marginal.
HIERARCHICAL PATH PLANNING FOR WALKING (ALMOST) ANYWHERE
Authors: Landmark K. , Messel E.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Computerized path planning, not constrained to transportation networks, may be useful in a range of settings, from search and rescue to archaeology. This paper develops a method for general path planning intended to work across arbitrary distances and at the level of terrain detail afforded by aerial LiDAR scanning. Relevant information about terrain, trails, roads, and other infrastructure is encoded in a large directed graph. This basal graph is partitioned into strongly connected subgraphs such that the generalized diameter of each subgraphs is constrained by a set value, and with nominally as few subgraphs as possible. This is accomplished using the k-center algorithm adapted with heuristics suitable for large spatial graphs. A simplified graph results, with reduced (but known) position accuracy and complexity. Using a hierarchy of simplified graphs adapted to different length scales, and with careful selection of levels in the hierarchy based on geodesic distance, a shortest path search can be restricted to a small subset of the basal graph. The method is formulated using matrix-graph duality, suitable for linear algebra-oriented software. Extensive use is also made of public data, including LiDAR, as well as free and open software for geospatial data processing.
A SEMI-AUTOMATIC PROCEDURE FOR A DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE FOSS4G DEVELOPERS’ COMMUNITY
Authors: Oxoli D. , Kang H.-K. , Brovelli M. A.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The open and direct collaboration at the creation, improvement, and documentation of source code and software applications – enabled by the web – is recognized as a peculiarity of the Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial (FOSS4G) projects representing, at the same time, one of their main strengths. With this in mind, it turns out to be interesting to perform an extensive monitoring of both the evolution and the geographical arrangement of the developers’ communities in order to investigate their actual extension, evolution and degree of activity. In this work, a semi-automatic procedure to perform this particular analysis is described. The procedure is mainly based on the use of the GitHub Search Application Programming Interface by means of JavaScript custom modules to perform a census of the users registered with a collaborator role to the repositories of the most popular FOSS4G projects, hosted on the GitHub platform. The collected data is processed and analysed using Python and QGIS. The results – presented through tables, charts, and thematic maps – allow describing both dimensions as well as the geographical heterogeneity of the contributing community of each individual project, while enabling to identify the most active countries – in terms of the number of contributors – in the development of the most popular FOSS4G. The limits of the analysis, including technical constraints and considerations on the significance of the developers' census, are finally highlighted and discussed.
FOSTERING PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDENT PARTICIPATION IN OSGEO THROUGH THE GOOGLE CODE-IN COMPETITION
Authors: Rautenbach V. , Di Leo M. , Andreo V. , Delucchi L. , Kudrnovsky H. , McKenna J. , Acosta y Lara S.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The Open Source Geospatial Foundation’s (OSGeo) vision is to empower everyone, from pre-university students to professionals, with open source geospatial applications, tools and resources. In 2017, OSGeo decided to participate for the first time in the Code-in competition. Google Code-in (GCI) is an annual online competition aimed at introducing pre-university students (13–17 years) to open source projects, development and communities, through short 3–5 hour tasks. This is a unique opportunity to interact with pre-university students and to encourage them to become part of OSGeo. In this paper, we present OSGeo’s involvement in GCI with the purpose of establishing lessons learned to improve our approach in the next editions of GCI. Over the 51 days of the competition, 279 students completed 649 OSGeo tasks. Students consistently communicated with the mentors to discuss submission and receive inputs from the wide community of developers too. During the GCI, the mentors reviewed the students’ work and provided suggestions and feedback. Generally, the submissions were good and some of them are now part of the projects. As this was our first time participating in GCI these issues are seen as lessons learned and strategies to improve the process will be implemented based on the mentors’ experience. It is key to encourage these students to continue contributing to the OSGeo community, as they will bring new energy and ideas into the organisation; for many of these young students, this competition is a way to introduce them to the geospatial industry.
OPEN NETWORK FOR LOCAL SELF SUSTAINABILITY, BOOSTING BIOREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH AN OPEN DATA SHARING SYSTEM
Authors: Clementi M. , Fontana C. , Rogora A.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The paper presents an online geodatabase currently under development. Its name is Open NETwork for Local Self Sustainability and the website address is www.oloss.net.The goal of this platform is to publish and share information about production and consumption chain oriented towards the use of locally available resources. To this end, it provides an open standard of supply chains georeferenced representation, and the ability to georefer data generally used in the context of life cycle analysis of products and services. This standard has the purpose of representing production and consumption chains in the form of Impact Geographies (IGs). This database may provide public administration centers, research centers, NGOs, planners and designers with information useful to develop projects geared towards the optimal use of local resources, consistent with the bioregional development paradigm (Sale, 1985) (Scudo, 2016). The bioregional approach promotes trans-scalar regional supply and demand chains where food and energy are grown, produced, sold and consumed within a certain territorial unit.
SPATIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSES TO ASSESS THE SPATIAL EXTENT AND CONCENTRATION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN GAUTENG USING THE SOUTH AFRICAN MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX
Authors: Katumba S.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Assessment of poverty has generally been carried out using “money-metric” measures. But since poverty is multidimensional, these measures fall short of generating a comprehensive picture of the poor. Contrastingly, multidimensional poverty analyses are capable of generating parameters that help in providing holistic understanding of poverty in its various forms. This study compares two indexes of multidimensional poverty computed from census data collected in 2001 and 2011 in Gauteng (South Africa) by performing a spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results reveal fine-grained detailed variations in the concentration of poverty across the Gauteng province. Overall, multidimensional poverty is concentrated at the periphery of the province while affluence is concentrated in the core urban areas. Pockets of grinding poverty can also be found in core areas juxtaposed with affluence. Such an analysis will lead to the formulation of spatially targeted policy interventions geared towards poverty alleviation.
3D Inverse modeling of EM-LIN data to investigate coastal sinkholes in Quintana Roo Mexico
Authors: Ochoa-Tinajero Luis Eduardo , Perez-Flores Marco Antonio , Villela y Mendoza Almendra
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In southern Mexico at the Yucatan Peninsula (YP), cities and towns are settled on a platform of calcareous sedimentary sequence which has originated a wide formation of sinkholes, underground rivers and caverns due of karst process. The anthropogenic activities threat the only source of fresh water supply which is located in a regional unconfined aquifer; there are not lakes and rivers. For sustainable use of these resources at the YP, it is required to develop mathematical tools to help the groundwater modeling. In order to determine the geometry of the aquifer as the positions of caves, sinkholes and underground rivers we have developed software to invert three-dimensional electromagnetic low-induction numbers (3D EM-LIN) data for a set of profiles at arbitrary angle. In this work we have explored with the aid of EM-LIN geophysical method, the Chac-Mool sinkhole system at the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. We have performed inverse modeling in 3D using the EM-34 instrument for vertical and horizontal magnetic dipoles. The 3D inversion process gives us models that allow us to correlate the path of the underground rivers with the subsurface electrical resistivity. In this work we have shown that inverse modeling of EM-LIN data is necessary to explore and understand coastal karst systems.
Multi-hazards risks in New York City
Authors: Depietri Yaella , Dahal Khila , McPhearson Timon
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Megacities are predominantly concentrated along the coast and are greatly exposed to natural hazards. Generally, the assessment of risk to climatic hazards does not yet fully capture the multiple interactions that occur in these complex urban systems. We analyze the risk of New York City as an example of a coastal megacity exposed to multiple hazards which overlap spatially and, in some cases, temporally. The aim is to identify hotspots of multi-hazard risk to support the prioritization of adaptation strategies. We used socio-economic indicators to assess vulnerabilities and risks to three climate related hazards (heat stress, inland flooding and coastal flooding) at high spatial resolution. The analysis incorporates local experts' opinions to identify sources of multi-hazard risk and to weight indicators used in the risk assessment. Results show spatial hotspots of multi-hazard risk principally located in coastal areas. We conclude that New York City is exposed to multiple hazards that interact spatially and temporally and that the city should prioritize adaptation in its coastal areas while considering possible synergies or tradeoffs adapting to spatially overlapping hazards.
Mechanical models to estimate the paleostress state from igneous intrusions
Authors: Stephens Tara L. , Walker Richard J. , Healy David , Bubeck Alodie , England Richard W.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Dikes and sills represent an important component of the deformation history in volcanic systems, but unlike dikes, sills are typically omitted from traditional paleostress analyses in tectonic studies. The emplacement of sheet intrusions is commonly associated with Mode I fracturing in a low deviatoric stress state, in which dilation is perpendicular to the fracture plane. Many natural examples of sills and dikes, however, are observed to accommodate minor shear offsets, in addition to a component of dilation. Here we present mechanical models for sills in the San Rafael subvolcanic field, Utah, which use field-based measurements of intrusion attitude and opening angles to constrain the tectonic stress axes during emplacement and the relative magma pressure for that stress state. The sills display bimodal dips to the NE and SW and consistent vertical opening directions, despite variable sill dips. Based on sill attitude and opening angles, we find that the sills were emplaced during a phase of NE–SW horizontal shortening. Calculated principal stress axes are consistent (within ∼ 4°) with paleostress results for penecontemporaneous thrust faults in the area. The models presented here can be applied to any set of dilational structures, including dikes, sills, or hydrous veins, and represent a robust method for characterising the paleostress state in areas where other brittle deformation structures (e.g. faults) are not present.
Changes in travel behavior during the transition from secondary to higher education: A case study from Ghent, Belgium
Authors: De Paepe Leen , De Vos Jonas , Van Acker Veronique , Witlox Frank
Published: July 2018

Over the past few decades, the number of students attending universities and university colleges in Belgium has increased considerably. In many Western countries, this trend is accompanied by a decline in car use among young adults. Therefore, it is important to have better insights into how travel behavior changes during the transition from secondary to higher education. This research fits into the larger framework of mobility biographies, where travel behavior is analyzed over a life course, taking into account certain life events. Hierarchical logistic regressions are used to analyze car use data for mandatory activities (going to school and grocery shopping) and leisure activities (fun shopping) of 404 first-year university and university college students in Ghent (Belgium). The results indicate that holding a driver’s license or owning a car facilitates car use irrespective of students’ residential location and lifestyle, and this is true for all activities. The built environment only seems to become an important factor explaining car use when students are attending university or university college. The influence of lifestyles appears to become somewhat more important for leisure activities, such as fun shopping. The emerging lifestyle of students appears to become more individual and more independent from the lifestyle of others, especially the parents. This is supported by the declining influence of social networks, notably the family.
A RELEVÂNCIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO DO PPP: seus tópicos e sua flexibilidade na prática profissional
Authors: Figueiredo Marcele Barbosa , Botelho Arlete De Freitas
Published: July 2018

O Projeto Político-Pedagógico (PPP) é o documento orientador das ações que devem ocorrer na instituição escolar, devendo estar presente em todas elas. Ele deve servir como orientador das práticas escolares, demonstrando seu contexto social sendo, portanto, flexível em suas considerações, para que durante sua execução possa sofrer adaptações no decorrer do ano letivo. Considerando sua eficácia na atuação docente, assim como suas colaborações no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, salientadas nas referências bibliográficas consultadas, a presente pesquisa buscou analisar de que modo esse projeto interfere nas diferentes funções desempenhas pelos docentes na escola (diretor, coordenador ou professor). Para verificar como ocorre a construção e a execução do PPP utilizou-se como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário, contendo seis questões discursivas, aplicado em três escolas do município de Formosa-GO, sendo uma pública, uma privada particular e uma privada confessional, tendo cada uma delas participado com seis representantes, que desempenhavam as funções ora citadas. Pode-se perceber que nenhuma das instituições constrói e executa de maneira completa, o seu projeto. O PPP é um documento que deve envolver a todos, com o intuito de discutir, elaborar e executar o planejamento, assim como realizar uma avaliação constante para saber onde e como proceder às alterações – caso se perceba que não mais está surtindo o efeito desejado – para a busca da qualidade de ensino.
SABERES PEDAGÓGICOS DO PROFESSOR DE GEOGRAFIA: elementos para o desenvolvimento do raciocínio geográfico
Authors: Silva Denise Mota Pereira da
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho trata das limitações da formação inicial do professor de geografia frente aos desafios da docência no âmbito da educação básica. Fatores como as dicotomias presentes nos cursos de licenciatura, a ausência de uma formação teórico-prática, o fato dos cursos não contemplarem o currículo da educação básica e o contexto de atuação dos futuros professores, qual seja, as escolas de níveis fundamental e médio, constituem obstáculos à formação de competências docentes do professor de geografia. A formação inicial deve proporcionar reflexão teórica prática voltada para a tomada de decisão em face do dinamismo da sala de aula. Neste sentido, os cursos de licenciatura em geografia carecem de integração entre as disciplinas específicas e as pedagógicas. Com vistas a superar o ensino pautado na memorização e promover condições que favoreçam o desenvolvimento do raciocínio geográfico, é preciso uma interlocução entre as disciplinas ao longo da formação inicial, bem como contemplar, nessa interlocução, o currículo prescrito para a geografia na educação básica. Ao se considerar os conteúdos previstos para o ensino fundamental e para o ensino médio, estratégias e metodologias apropriadas a cada um deles, criam-se condições para que se desenvolva o raciocínio geográfico do aluno. Para tanto, foram utilizados os fundamentos teóricos de Freire (2004), Callai (2012), Castellar (2012) Cavalcanti (2012), Tardif (2012) e Vygotsky (2014). A metodologia utilizada foi de base qualitativa, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados apontaram a ausência de interface entre os cursos de formação e as escolas, dado que contribui para que o professor não esteja suficientemente preparado para os desafios da docência na educação básica.
GEOGRAFIA HUMANISTA, HETEROTOPIA E POLIVOCALIDADE: novos percursos para o ensinar-aprender
Authors: Suess Rodrigo Capelle
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e explorar algumas temáticas e metodologias do horizonte humanista que possibilitam novos caminhos para o ensino de Geografia. A polivocalidade de temas abertos à ciência geográfica, especialmente, após a década de 1970, é um legado do horizonte humanista ou abordagem cultural em Geografia. Perspectiva que se pauta nas filosofias dos significados, particularmente, na fenomenologia. Trata-se de desvelar novos percursos e olhares para o ensino de Geografia, ainda poucos explorados pelos geógrafos humanistas. Para isso, utilizou-se de pesquisas bibliográficas de diversos autores desse horizonte e da Geografia escolar, além de algumas de minhas reflexões e investigações que vão ao encontro dessas temáticas.
O REGIME DE COOPERAÇÃO FEDERATIVA DA POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL: uma análise a partir dos efeitos redistributivos do FUNDEF e do FUNDEB
Authors: Silva Flávia Alves da , Ferreira Jeanne Michelle Matozinhos de Carvalho , Moreira Geraldo Eustáquio
Published: July 2018

O propósito deste artigo é analisar o regime de cooperação federativa da política educacional, em especial, o financiamento da educação básica no Brasil, sobretudo, os efeitos redistributivos do FUNDEF e FUNDEB, as inovações trazidas por esses fundos, suas limitações enquanto instrumento capaz de redução das desigualdades regionais do sistema educacional brasileiro, bem como identificar os principais desafios enfrentados pelos entes federados ao gerenciarem esses fundos. Desde a aprovação do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento do ensino fundamental e de Valorização do Magistério (FUNDEF), criado em 1996, têm-se discutido ganhos, problemas e necessidades de modificações do respectivo fundo. Sendo assim, a alteração ou continuidade do FUNDEF precisou de uma nova Emenda Constitucional, uma vez que o referido fundo foi aprovado para um período de 10 anos, compreendendo os anos de 1997 a 2006. Surgiu então, o Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (FUNDEB) que ampliou a vinculação das receitas dos impostos e transferências dos estados e municípios para o ensino fundamental de 15% para 20%, bem como a possibilidade de utilização destes recursos em toda a educação básica. Com base na revisão de literatura empreendida, discute-se desde o contexto sócio-histórico do financiamento da educação básica no Brasil até as principais propostas de melhorias dos problemas enfrentados pelos entes federados ao gerenciarem esses fundos.
A Comparative Study on Perceptions of English Teachers’ Mediation Between Private University Teachers and Students
Authors: Zhang Lili , Kim Sukwoo
Published: July 2018

Mediation theory facilitates teachers and students to tackle the barriers in English teaching and learning process. It offers a sound systematic theoretical fort on which teachers could rely, redefines teachers’ roles and functionings in the process of learners’ cognitive development and growing self-regulations. The famous psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1978) raised notions in his ZPD theory, Feuerstein (1980) illuminates capable adults as mediators, and defined twelve main features of mediation, which has empirical study value for English teaching. Thus, through quantitative and qualitative research, this paper aims to investigate the perceptions of English teachers’ mediation between private university teachers and students, analyze and compare the similarities and differences between them. The results reveal that both teachers and students coming from the two private universities have been aware of the importance of teachers’ mediation, however, have different perceptions in the frequency of teachers’ mediation. Teachers’ actual employment on mediation is weaker than their beliefs on the importance of it.
Pragmatic Empathy as a Grand Strategy in Business Letter Writing
Authors: Zhanghong Xu , Qian Wang
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the employment of pragmatic empathy as a grand strategy in business letter writing. To account for the realization of pragmatic empathy in business letters, we make a corpus-based manual analysis of four types of business letters. It is found that (1) the choice of deixis is a major concern in most letters: while second person is often used in competitive letters, first or third person frequently appears in other three types of letters; (2) conventionalized indirectness strategy is often used in competitive business letters while mitigation strategy is preferred in conflictive business letters; (3) the employment of different strategies is an adaptation to various empathetic concerns in business letter writing. It is concluded that different types of business letters are characterized by different pragmatic strategies to achieve empathy. This paper, which is an attempt to investigate business letters from the empathy perspective, sheds light on business discourse research in general and business letter writing in particular.
Characteristics of Mudstone in Complex Fluvial Sedimentary System in Bohai L Oilfield
Authors: Huang Kai , Shen Chunsheng , Kang Kai , Wang Libing , Xu Zhongbo , Li Lin
Published: July 2018

Bohai L oilfield develops a complex fluvial sedimentary system, which includes many types of fluvial sedimentary facies. Based on the coring well of oil field, the distribution characteristics of mudstone are analyzed, it is shown that the mudstone has similar internal structure and can be classified into four types according to its color: gray to grayish, variegated, brown to gray-brown and khaki, the assemblage has a large gray to grayish mudstone section, large gray to grayish mudstone intercalated thin layer sandstone, gray to grayish mudstone associated with variegated (brown) mudstone, grayish mudstone associated with lacustrine sand grain bedding sandstone, concomitant generation of large staggered bedding sandstone and grayish mudstone, mixed (gray-brown) mudstone associated with large staggered bedding sandstone, interaction between different colors of mudstone and sandstone and large interlaced sandstone intercalated with thin layer mudstone. The mudstone color is mainly gray and grayish, and very few oxidized mudstone is developed alone, which indicates that fluvial mudstone may be formed in the reductive environment in humid climate, and the fluvial mudstone in this area may be formed in the oxidizing environment, which is different from the general understanding of fluvial facies, the oxidation color is the result of the later transformation.
Cloud Computing of E-learning
Authors: Almarabeh Tamara , Majdalawi Yousef Kh.
Published: July 2018

With considerable improvement in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) field, many areas of our lives have been affected, including the learning environmentE-learning is one such inventions and is linked to the use of electronic methods to support the E-learning process, which has become increasingly popular and has become a strong trend due to the enormous benefits it offers to learning environments. However, E-learning systems and its management require huge investments in information technology, and many educational institutions don't have enough budget to afford the cost, therefore cloud computing is the finest solution. It provides an effective mechanism which can allow of building a new mode of E-learning system. This paper, discusses the features of the E-learning system, describes the strategy of Cloud computing, and analyzes the impact of using Cloud Computing in E-learning.
Enseñanza de la Mecánica Cuántica en la Escuela Media [ EC-2009-08-TD-01 ]
Authors: Fanaro Cavalli Maria de los Angeles
Published: July 2018

Se elabora una propuesta de enseñanza basada en el enfoque de la Mecánica Cuántica de Feynman “Caminos Múltiples”. La formulación matemática se adapta empleando un marco geométrico-vectorial, y se utiliza software de simulación. El electrón libre se considera un ejemplar que reúne las características de los sistemas cuánticos. Se caracteriza a los sistemas cuánticos y se analiza y fundamenta la transición entre la mecánica cuántica y la clásica, desde la Experiencia de la Doble Rendija, que es el eje vertebral de la secuencia. Se realiza un análisis didáctico anticipando la mayor cantidad de posibles acciones de los estudiantes y del profesor, considerando la acción en sus dimensiones emocional y cognitiva. El producto didáctico generado se implementó en un curso de Física del último año y se estudió la conceptualización y los aspectos afectivos implicados. La secuencia fue nuevamente implementada y adaptada a contextos diferentes, y se concluye que es viable en el último año de la Enseñanza Media
Reflexiones sobre el papel de la contextualización en la enseñanza de ciencias
Authors: Souza Karina Ap. F. Dias de , Aparecida Karina , Alves Cardoso Arnaldo
Published: July 2018

La importancia de la contextualización y de la discusión del papel de la ciencia en el desarrollo social y económico es innegable para la enseñanza de las ciencias. Sin embargo, esto no debe significar una negligencia ni del conocimiento teórico ni de las estrategias que forman parte de su construcción y aplicación. Así, se dibuja un peligroso cuadro cuando se asume la contextualización como el único y primordial objetivo de la educación científica. Este artículo presenta un estudio realizado con 15 alumnos del último año de la carrera en Docencia de Química, cuyos resultados evidencian una preocupante «supervaloración» de lo cotidiano en detrimento de otros aspectos igualmente importantes del conocimiento químico.
Construcción del concepto múltiplo común en el dominio de los números naturales
Authors: Roig Ana Isabel , Llinares Salvador , Penalva María del Carmen
Published: July 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar el proceso de abstracción del concepto de múltiplo común de dos números en el dominio de los números naturales como parte del esquema de divisibilidad en estudiantes de educación secundaria. A partir de un análisis cualitativo de entrevistas clínicas en las que los estudiantes resolvían y justificaban su proceso de resolución de un problema de divisibilidad, identificamos dos momentos cognitivos en el proceso constructivo del concepto de múltiplo común generado durante la resolución del problema. Estos momentos fueron caracterizados teniendo en cuenta cómo los estudiantes generaban casos particulares y coordinaban o no la información procedente de estos casos particulares. Esta caracterización proporciona información sobre cómo los estudiantes empiezan a concebir que un número pueda adoptar diferentes papeles en las relaciones multiplicativas del esquema de divisibilidad.
Conocimiento didáctico del contenido sobre la representación de datos estadísticos: estudios de casos con profesores de Estadística en carreras de Psicología y Educación
Authors: Pinto Sosa Jesús Enrique
Published: July 2018

El estudio tuvo como objetivos describir las concepciones que tienen los profesores sobre la Estadística, su enseñanza y aprendizaje y, más concretamente, sobre la representación gráfica, así como el conocimiento que tienen del tópico, de las estrategias y representaciones instruccionales y del conocimiento del estudiante sobre la representación gráfica en Estadística. El análisis se centró en comprender la cognición del profesor, constituida por lo que conoce y hace y las razones por las que actúa.
Prácticas metacognitivas que el profesor de nivel básico promueve en sus clases ordinarias de matemáticas. Un marco interpretativo
Authors: Rigo Lemini Mirela , Páez David Alfonso , Gómez Bernardo
Published: July 2018

El escrito tiene como objetivo explorar las prácticas metacognitivas que el profesor de nivel básico fomenta en sus clases de matemáticas, en condiciones no intervenidas. Para conseguirlo, en el documento se define un Marco Interpretativo que sirve de base para examinar los procesos cognitivos y metacognitivos que se dan en el aula de matemáticas, el cual se aplica en el estudio exploratorio de caso de las prácticas metacognitivas que dos profesoras de nivel básico impulsan en sus clases de matemáticas ordinarias. Para la toma de datos se eligió la observación no participante y se centró la atención en los contenidos relacionados con el razonamiento proporcional. La experiencia dejó ver, en una primera instancia, la flexibilidad y los alcances del Marco, así como su posible consistencia.
Desarrollo audiovisual de contenidos científico-educativos. Vídeo : «Las vacas no miran al arco iris»
Authors: Ezquerra Angel
Published: July 2018

En la creación de un audiovisual para el aula confluyen aspectos audiovisuales y cuestiones educativas. En este trabajo mostramos el proceso de elaboración de un guión documental con fines educativos y presentamos los resultados de la aplicación del vídeo a un total de 159 alumnos de 3º y 4º de ESO y 1º Bto.
Ansiedad matemática, género y ramas de conocimiento en alumnos universitarios
Authors: Pérez-Tyteca Patricia , Castro Martínez Enrique , Rico Romero Luís , Castro Martínez Encarnación
Published: July 2018

Las respuestas afectivas juegan un papel esencial en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las matemáticas. La “ansiedad matemática” ha centrado gran número de investigaciones. En este trabajo, utilizando la subescala de ansiedad de Fennema-Sherman, analizamos los niveles de ansiedad en matemáticas que presentan alumnos universitarios de primer curso, tanto de manera global como en función del género y las ramas de conocimiento. Globalmente los sujetos presentan una ansiedad inferior al valor neutro. Las mujeres presentan una ansiedad significativamente mayor a los hombres. También son significativas las diferencias entre ramas de conocimiento, siendo los alumnos de titulaciones técnicas los que menor ansiedad presentan, y los de las carreras sanitarias quienes registran los valores más altos.
Requisitos para la elaboración de audiovisuales escolares
Authors: Ezquerra Angel , Guisasola Jenaro , Ceberio Mikel , Almudí José Manuel
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se muestran algunos de los condicionantes que intervienen en la elaboración de documentales escolares. La producción de un material audiovisual es una tarea compleja que depende básicamente de los medios técnicos de los que se disponga, de los requerimientos de calidad que se exijan y de los conocimientos que se manejen (Barroso, 1988). Nuestro objetivo era analizar la aplicación de las técnicas audiovisuales en la enseñanza de la ciencia. Esto supuso la conformación de una plataforma de edición de vídeo digital (requerimiento técnico) y la adquisición de los conocimientos necesarios para su manejo (requerimiento formativo). Asimismo, se consideró la valoración económica y temporal para el desarrollo del proyecto (Ezquerra, 2008a).
Raza, Ciencia y Política: paradojas contemporáneas de la Enseñanza de Biología.
Authors: Chaves Sílvia Nogueira , Paiva de Pontes Vieira Eduardo
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo discutimos distintas concepciones raciales presentes en pronunciamientos orales y escritos de alumnos de Secundaria de una escuela de Belém do Pará (Brasil).  Nuestra motivación en abordar tal temática reside en el entendimiento de que los sujetos partícipes del proceso de enseñanza de ciencias traen sus propias concepciones de raza fundamentadas en múltiples historias personales y tienden a ignorar pesquisas biológicas más recientes que evidencian que la distinción racial no se sostiene en base a argumentos genéticos. Los conflictos vivenciados por los alumnos en lo referente a esas concepciones sugieren que los espacios para debate deben ser ampliados especialmente en el ámbito escolar. El discurso histórico biológico ha contribuido a construir y legitimar desigualdades sociales. Sin embargo, las clases de biología pueden representar momentos privilegiados para abordar temáticas humanísticas que auxilian en la construcción de nuevas formas de concebir las diferencias y semejanzas entre las personas.
La caracterización del ambiente de aprendizaje en un laboratorio de química general. mediante métodos de investigación social
Authors: Llorens Molina Juan Antonio , Llorens de Jaime Jesús , Sanz Berzosa Isidora
Published: July 2018

Desde una crítica hacia el paradigma proceso-producto, que asume la causalidad entre el diseño del proceso de aprendizaje y su desarrollo real, consideramos la caracterización de los denominados ambientes de aprendizaje un requisito para la evaluación de innovaciones educativas. En este trabajo han sido incorporados métodos propios de la investigación social tales como los inspirados en la Teoría Fundamentada, a la caracterización del ambiente de aprendizaje en un contexto experimental. Mediante dichos métodos se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de caso en el que han sido analizadas las preguntas formuladas en el laboratorio y las reflexiones reflejadas en sus cuadernos por los estudiantes. Los resultados justifican la incorporación de tales métodos, al ser notablemente contradictorios con los procedentes de la aplicación de un cuestionario basado en el Science Laboratory Environment Inventory.
Diseño e implementación de una secuencia de enseñanza para introducir los conceptos . de sustancia y compuesto químico.
Authors: Domínguez Sales M.Consuelo , Furió-Más Carles , Guisasola Jenaro
Published: July 2018

Este estudio propone la utilización de una secuencia didáctica para facilitar el aprendizaje de los conceptos de sustancia química, sustancia simple y compuesto en educación secundaria. En su elaboración se ha tenido en cuenta el análisis histórico del desarrollo de estos conceptos, así como las concepciones alternativas más frecuentes de los estudiantes. Para evaluar esta secuencia se han comparado las respuestas ofrecidas por alumnos que la han utilizado en clase con las de otros que han seguido un método de enseñanza tradicional. Los resultados muestran que la forma en que se introducen los contenidos en la secuencia de enseñanza ofrece a los estudiantes mayor capacidad de análisis y conocimiento más profundo de los conceptos macroscópico y microscópico de sustancia química.
Procesos conceptuales y cognitivos en la introducción de las ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias vía la resolución de problemas
Authors: Camacho Machín Matías , Perdomo Díaz Josefa , Santos Trigo Luz Manuel
Published: July 2018

En este artículo se identifican y analizan los procesos cognitivos que desarrollan un grupode estudiantes de primer curso de la licenciatura en Química mientras resuelven un problema diseñado como parte de un Módulo de Enseñanza para la introducción de las Ecuaciones Diferenciales Ordinarias (EDO). La conjugación de un escenario de resolución de problemas, con el uso de tecnología (la calculadora VoyageTM200) y la interacción entre estudiantes se revelan como una combinación que promueve y favorece el uso de procesos que contribuyen a la construcción del concepto de Ecuación Diferencial.