bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cancer Biology and the Perioperative Period: Opportunities for Disease Evolution and Challenges for Perioperative Care
Authors: Perry Nicholas J. S. , Jhanji Shaman , Poulogiannis George
Published: December 2024

Efforts to deconvolve the complex interactions of cancer cells with other components of the tumor micro- and macro-environment have exposed a common tendency for cancers to subvert systems physiology and exploit endogenous programs involved in homeostatic control of metabolism, immunity, regeneration, and repair. Many such programs are engaged in the healing response to surgery which, together with other abrupt biochemical changes in the perioperative period, provide an opportunity for the macroevolution of residual disease. This review relates contemporary perspectives of cancer as a systemic disease with the overlapping biology of host responses to surgery and events within the perioperative period. With a particular focus on examples of cancer cell plasticity and changes within the host, we explore how perioperative inflammation and acute metabolic, neuroendocrine, and immune dyshomeostasis might contribute to cancer evolution within this contextually short, yet crucially influential timeframe, and highlight potential therapeutic opportunities within to further optimize surgical cancer care and its long-term oncological outcomes.
The Way Out = Left Out?
Authors: Ramos Borges Melissa M.
Published: December 2024

The chapter delves into the contributions of Carlos Irizarry and Domingo López de Victoria, prominent figures within the avant-garde art movement of Puerto Rico. Coined as part of the “way-out group,” these artists produced distinctive works that diverged from their contemporaries in Puerto Rico. Their ability to navigate between New York and San Juan cultivated a network connecting three art scenes: Puerto Rican, New York, and the diasporic Puerto Rican communities. Despite exhibiting across these scenes, their efforts have been overshadowed. The chapter also examines the clash between the avant-garde and the “Generación del 50,” a group that championed traditional, politically committed art in Puerto Rico. The exploration of Galería El Morro and Puerto Rico Gallery underscores the avant-garde’s intention to break artistic traditions. The chapter highlights the artists’ efforts to bridge cultural and geographical gaps, revealing their role in shaping Puerto Rican and Diasporican art histories.
Beyond traditional teaching: a systematic review of innovative pedagogical practices in higher education
Authors: Suyo-Vega Josefina Amanda , Fernández-Bedoya Víctor Hugo , Meneses-La-Riva Monica Elisa
Published: December 2024

Background Pedagogical best practices play a pivotal role in ensuring the academic success of students within the higher education landscape. This study aims to systematically synthesize innovative pedagogical best practices within the university context. Methods We conducted a thorough systematic review using the rigorous PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. Our review involved comprehensive searches of scientific databases, including Eric, Scopus, and Proquest, covering both Spanish and English publications. We strategically employed Boolean operators like AND and OR to create a robust search equation. Our primary research question guiding this investigation was: “What innovative pedagogical practices have been developed in university settings to improve teaching and learning effectiveness?” This central question led us to delve deeply into the strategies utilized, pedagogical approaches adopted, and the noticeable impact achieved after their implementation. Additionally, we carefully established stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to ensure methodological rigor. Results A total of 25 scholarly articles that met the pre-established criteria were meticulously identified and included in this systematic review. The results were thoughtfully categorized into three distinct teaching strategies: the first emphasizing student-centered approaches, the second showcasing the integration of educational technology, and the third highlighting evaluation and feedback methodologies. Conclusions This systematic exploration of pedagogical best practices underscores their paramount importance in driving continuous improvement in teacher training and fostering innovation within the educational arena. Such practices not only create an engaging and effective learning environment but also set the stage for ongoing advancements in the teaching and learning processes.
Revealing culturable fungal microbiome communities from the Arabian Peninsula desert representing a unique source of biochemicals for drug discovery and biotechnology
Authors: Mousa Walaa , Alramadan Najwa , Ghemrawi Rose , Abu Izneid Tareq
Published: December 2024

Background Microbes living at extremes evolve unique survival strategies to adapt to challenging environmental conditions. Among these strategies is their distinctive metabolic potential and ability to produce specialized metabolites enabling them to compete for limited resources and defend against predators. These metabolites have significant potential in pharmaceutical and industrial applications, particularly in the development of drugs and biochemicals. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the culturable fungal communities associated with four desert plants and their surrounding soils in the Arabian Peninsula desert to identify their bioactive properties. Methods A total of 12 distinct fungal species were isolated from the plants and soils. Each plant hosted a unique set of fungi, demonstrating the diversity of desert-adapted fungal communities. Biological activities of the fungal extracts were evaluated through various assays, including antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Results Panicum turgidum harbors the most diverse fungal community, dominated by genera such as Mucor, Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Alternaria, and Chaetomium. Aspergillus species comprise 33% of the total isolates, followed by Fusarium at 16%. All extracts exhibit diverse activities, with Aspergillus species demonstrating the highest antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid content. Fungi from P. turgidum, particularly Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp., and Curvularia sp., display potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while Mucor sp., Chaetomium sp., and Curvularia sp. exhibit moderate inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of exploring extremophilic microorganisms, such as those found in desert ecosystems, as they offer a wealth of compounds that could address current challenges in drug discovery and biotechnology.
Role of Formal Education in Understanding Contamination-Related Illnesses: A Study with Maasai Adolescents and Adults in Tanzania
Authors: McLaughlin Heidi , Gauvain Mary
Published: December 2024

Background Health knowledge of younger generations in rural developing areas may be changed through formal education. For example, young people learn concepts in school that aid them in understanding the causes and spread of illness. This study compares knowledge about illness, germs, and water contamination among adolescents and 23 adults living in a rural Maasai community in Tanzania. It also examines whether adolescents share what they have learned about these concepts with community and family members outside of school. Methods Participants included 40 adolescents in secondary school and 23 adults with little to no schooling. A survey was created and used with both age groups. Data were collected using a translator at a school for adolescents and in the village for adults. Results Findings revealed much similarity in participants’ knowledge of stomach illness and water safety, but adolescents had more knowledge of the biological processes of illness, especially in relation to how germs function. Adolescents reported sharing what they learn in school about health with people at home, both children and adults. Implications for health education in similar communities are discussed.
Two new vertebrate prey species in the diet of the agouti, Dasyprocta punctata, recorded in the highlands of Costa Rica
Authors: Mora José Manuel , Castrillo Trejos Andrey , Méndez Vargas Esteban , Castro Arias Rony , López Lucía I.
Published: December 2024

La guatusa centroamericana, Dasyprocta punctata, ha sido tradicionalmente considerada un herbívoro, alimentándose principalmente de frutos y semillas.  Sin embargo, existen informes de este roedor consumiendo 3 especies de vertebrados: un ratón (en cautiverio), un ave y una lagartija gusano.  En este estudio, añadimos 2 nuevas especies de vertebrados a la dieta de la guatusa: 1 ave y 1 mamífero.  Llevamos a cabo investigaciones y guiamos tours de historia natural en la región de Monteverde, Costa Rica.  Monteverde es bien conocido por sus reservas biológicas y sus actividades de ecoturismo.  Los poblados de Monteverde y Santa Elena están situados dentro del Bosque Nuboso Tropical Montano, una franja altitudinal relativamente estrecha con cobertura de nubes frecuente durante gran parte del año.  En 2 ocasiones separadas, observamos guatusas depredando especies de vertebrados en Monteverde.  El 8 de junio de 2023, vimos a una guatusa adulta con un armadillo de nueve bandas juvenil, Dasypus novemcinctus, en la boca.  El 12 de julio de 2024, observamos a otra guatusa persiguiendo y consumiendo 2 polluelos de la codorniz serrana pechinegra, Odontophorus leucolaemus.  Estos 2 nuevos ítems de presa sugieren tendencias carnívoras oportunistas de la guatusa.  Parece ser que este roedor captura animales jóvenes que no representan una amenaza significativa ni requieren un esfuerzo considerable para ser capturados, ni causan daños colaterales.  De esta manera, la guatusa obtiene algunos nutrientes esenciales que no obtiene de su dieta habitual basada en plantas durante tiempos de escasez.
The Sinaloan mastiff bat (Molossus sinaloae) is indeed found in Sinaloa, México
Authors: Renteria osé M. , Rangel-Cota Gerardo , Camargo Issac
Published: December 2024

Las investigaciones sobre Molossus sinaloae reflejan desafíos en su taxonomía debido a su amplia distribución geográfica.  A pesar de que el nombre científico de la especie hace referencia al estado de Sinaloa, México, su presencia en éste ha sido cuestionada, por habitar vegetación xerófila, contrastante con el típico de montaña.  En el invierno de 2023, se registraron 2 ejemplares de M. sinaloae en el norte de Sinaloa.  Posteriormente, se revisó su taxonomía y se tomaron medidas morfológicas.  Se analizaron registros de la presencia del murciélago mastín de Sinaloa en el norte de México comparando registros en bases de datos de colecciones científicas.  Nosotros colectamos 2 individuos adultos de M. sinaloae, 1 macho y 1 hembra, en la ciudad de Los Mochis, Sinaloa, México. Estos registros son los más septentrionales jamás documentados para la especie y respaldan una expansión de su rango de distribución de ~ 463 km al norte de su distribución conocida actual.  Nuestro análisis de los registros más recientes de la especie en México evidencia que M. sinaloae se distribuye comúnmente en la Planicie Costera del Pacífico.  Los nuevos registros reportados sugieren que M. sinaloae no está limitada por barreras geográficas.  La importancia biogeográfica de la región Neártica se destaca documentando al murciélago mastín de Sinaloa, que no se había observado en Sinaloa, México, durante casi 90 años.
Lygia Pape at Santa Úrsula: Toward an Affirmative Biopolitics of Artistic Pedagogy in the Brazilian Military Dictatorship
Authors: Svanelid Oscar
Published: December 2024

EN:This article analyzes the artistic pedagogy of Lygia Pape at Santa Úrsula during the military dictatorship focusing on her commitment to educating her students' senses and social awareness. This draws attention to the biopolitical aspects of Pape's teaching as she engaged her students on a different trajectory than the "authoritarian modernization" propagated by the dictatorship.PT: Este artigo analisa a pedagogia artística de Lygia Pape na Santa Úrsula durante a ditadura militar com foco em seu compromisso com a formação de sentidos e consciência social. Isso chama a atenção para os aspectos biopolíticos do ensino de Pape ao engajar seus alunos em uma trajetória diferente da "modernização autoritária" propagada pela ditadura.
Questões metodológicas: algumas considerações sobre pesquisa e arte
Authors: Guimarães Hernani
Published: December 2024

Apresento aqui uma reflexão sobre a relação entre pesquisa e arte a partir da experiência do autor na produção de sua tese. Entendendo arte como pesquisa, são pensadas maneiras que as pesquisa de artistas podem se dar nas pós-graduações. Para isso é apresentado um breve histórico das pesquisas universitárias nas artes no Brasil e internacionalmente.
Entre a arte e a vida: Lasar Segall, desenhos e cartas de amor
Authors: Caetano Renata Oliveira
Published: December 2024

O texto visa refletir sobre algumas cartas com desenhos do artista Lasar Segall para sua esposa. Destaca-se a forma como a vida do casal é permeada pela arte, entre palavras e desenhos. Assim, cotejaremos o material imagético, para ponderar sobre tal acontecimento, buscando ver a prática artística para além do documento.
Compreensão do nutricionista sobre o enfrentamento da obesidade em um município da Amazônia Legal
Authors: Dias Ferreira Bianca , Domingos da Silva Andreza , Cristine Silva Kellen , Martins da Silva Lorenna , Azevedo dos Santos Marta , Lopes Pinto Sônia
Published: December 2024

Objetivos: Dada a importância da atuação do nutricionista no enfrentamento da obesidade, este estudo buscou identificar a compreensão desteprofissional sobre a obesidade e seu enfrentamento em Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de Palmas, Tocantins. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado baseado no Caderno de Atenção Básica n. 38 – Obesidade; a amostra foi composta por três nutricionistas e as entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas com basena análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Foram construídas sete categorias de análise: (I) compreensão sobre saúde; (II) promoção da saúde; (III) promoção da saúde na prática profissional; (IV) compreensão sobre obesidade, (V) planejamento para o enfrentamento da obesidade; (VI) estratégias de abordagem do indivíduo com obesidade; e (VII) sentimento em relação ao diálogo sobre o peso. Observou-se uma reprodução de conceitos encontrados na literatura científica, o que demonstrou uma compreensão teórica adequada de saúde e promoção da saúde, mas limitada sobre obesidade. Já a prática profissional foi caracterizada pela ausência de planejamento de ações, associada a práticas educativas com foco individual e caráter preventivo. Destaca-se a necessidade de qualificação profissional de forma conjunta com a estruturação de um modelo de atenção adequado a condições crônicas como a obesidade. Conclusão: Os nutricionistas devem se apropriar da importância da Promoção da Saúde, buscar a educação permanente e ressignificar sua práxis para o enfrentamento da obesidade.
Biografema-Heliana: restos de uma vida
Authors: Barros de Barros Maria Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

O artigo apresenta uma homenagem à Professora Heliana Conde de Barros Rodrigues. A partir de fragmentos trás o que do que parece improdutivo, inútil, infecundo de sua vida. Busca ficcionar, como quem escreve fantasias, delira, devaneia com o improdutivo. Desenha traços biografemáticos de Heliana como detalhes insignificantes transformados em signos de escritura. Propõe pensar o efeito Heliana como teorizado pelos socioanalistas. Os efeitos formalizam fenômenos recorrentes, mas só se produzem/reproduzem em certas condições. Conhecer os efeitos é importante para que se possa analisar, combater, viabilizar-fortalecer movimentos sociais. Os efeitos analisadores não deixam nada no lugar; eles desarranjam, desarrumam, inquietam. O artigo afirma o efeito analisador Heliana como o que colapsa campos disciplinares delimitados, instala-se no artifício, provoca espanto, desarticula e decompõe a ordem presumida. Um efeito, tal como proposto pela socioanálise, que se expressa nas lutas que enfrentam a corporativização das forças sociais marginais, minoritárias ou anônimas. O efeito analisador Heliana faz emergir o inesperado, é delírio, lapso e incoerência.
DESVELANDO SILÊNCIOS
Authors: Alves Sales Franciely , Silva de Paiva Jacyara
Published: December 2024

O artigo aborda, conceitualmente, o processo de silenciamento das mulheres negras na sociedade, com destaque para as experiências de meninas e mulheres negras periféricas, cujas histórias são frequentemente invisibilizadas, desconsideradas e vistas como indignas de serem narradas, vividas ou escutadas. Este estudo qualitativo utiliza a “escrevivência” de Conceição Evaristo como método para acessar as vozes e vivências de nove meninas negras periféricas, com idades entre 12 e 15 anos, residentes na comunidade São Pedro, em Vitória-ES, explorando seus sonhos e enfrentamentos cotidianos frente ao racismo estrutural. O objetivo central é compreender como o silêncio tem sido historicamente imposto às vozes negras, particularmente às mulheres, e os impactos desse processo sobre suas narrativas e representações sociais. Para tanto, o estudo busca romper com silêncios enraizados, trazendo à tona essas vivências, compartilhando histórias e analisando formas de resistência e sonhos que constituem suas trajetórias. Referências teóricas de Grada Kilomba, Audre Lorde e Lélia Gonzalez sublinham a importância da fala e da enunciação enquanto instrumentos de enfrentamento contra o controle e a censura que sustentam a invisibilidade e a desumanização das pessoas negras. O texto conclui enfatizando a urgência de enfrentar o medo e o silêncio, promovendo a amplificação das vozes da população negra, especialmente de mulheres, e encorajando-as a compartilhar suas histórias a partir de suas perspectivas. Ademais, desafia as estruturas de poder que perpetuam o silenciamento, promovendo a valorização e visibilidade das narrativas negras como parte essencial para a transformação social.
Efeitos clínicos do laser de baixa intensidade no tratamento de lesões por pressão: revisão sistemática
Authors: Alves Raquel , Costa e Silva Frances Valéria , Abdala Carmen Verônica Mendes , Ghelman Ricardo , Assad Luciana Guimarães , Nogueira Glycia de Almeida
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: identificar as evidências da efetividade clínica do laser de baixa intensidade no processo de reparo tecidual em lesões por pressão. Método: revisão sistemática da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde da BIREME/OPAS, PubMed e Embase, em português, inglês e espanhol em julho de 2022, incluindo publicações no período de 2000 a 2019. Resultados: o laser de 658nm a 4J/cm2 demonstrou eficácia na cicatrização de lesões por pressão, porém, a heterogeneidade nos estudos e a falta de padronização dificultam análises comparativas. Conclusões: os estudos apontam efetividade da terapia na cicatrização de lesão por pressão, pincipalmente com o comprimento de ondas de 658 nm. No entanto, a heterogeneidade nos estudos e a falta de padronização metodológica dificultam análises comparativas e confirmação do grau de evidência, sendo necessária relevante ampliação das investigações, com tamanho amostral significativo, trazendo mais robustez e possibilitando analises comparativas dos dados.
MÉTODOS DE INTERPRETACIÓN
Authors: Zuntini Pinto Helena Marquini , Vitorio Cleber Vinicius Akita , Almeida Josimar Ribeiro de , Barbosa Oscar Rocha , Pereira Raphael do Couto
Published: December 2024

La nota técnica se centra en la fase de interpretación de resultados en estudios ambientales, subray and ola necesidad de criterios claros y un conocimiento profundo de la problemática ambiental y la planificación socioeconómica. Se describe el método Battelle - Columbus, desarrollado por los laboratorios Battelle por encargo de la EPA de los Estados Unidos, inicialmente para la gestión de recursos hídricos, pero aplicable a otros proyectos. Este método utiliza una lista ponderada de parámetros ambientales, asignando pesos relativos y normalizando magnitudes en una escala de 0 a 1 para calcular un índice de calidad ambiental. La técnica Delphi se emplea para determinar los pesos, involucrando a un grupo multidisciplinario de especialistas. Se discuten las ventajas del método, como la previsión de magnitudes, y sus limitaciones, como la dificultad para evaluar interacciones entre impactos y establecer escalas precisas. Además, se presenta una metodología para cuantificar valores estéticos en paisajes, evaluando la calidad visual, integridad y unidad de los elementos del paisaje.
Osteochondral lesions of talus
Authors: Mangwani Jitendra , Brockett Claire , Pegg Elise
Published: December 2024

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(12):790–792.
ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS MILITARIZADAS NO DISTRITO FEDERAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE DISCIPLINA A PARTIR DO OLHAR DO ESTUDANTE
Authors: Teixeira dos Santos Mariana , Ribeiro de Jesus Girlene
Published: December 2024

Este artigo busca analisar a perspectiva dos estudantes acerca da disciplina dentro de escolas públicas militarizadas do Distrito Federal (DF). Para tanto, foi utilizado o método qualitativo de pesquisa, tendo como abordagem o Estudo de Caso da realidade do DF. Serviram de amostra para a pesquisa três escolas militarizadas e nestas foram conduzidos três grupos focais com estudantes do Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio. Os resultados indicaram que o cumprimento das regras se dá pelo medo das sanções aplicadas, e não pela compreensão e significado das normas escolares. Ademais, foi possível observar que a concepção de cultura disciplinar das escolas pesquisadas não converge com os propósitos da educação pública do DF.
Which Way to Turn
Authors: Wilkin David
Published: December 2024

The author is autistic. Autism is an attribute that brings univariable focus, along with unusual mannerisms and humour. These characteristics have led to the author suffering psychological and physical abuse in the past. The author now works as an advocate to help bring justice to victims of such disability hate crimes. This article uses academic evidence and recent testimony from anonymised victims to argue that whichever course of action is taken to access justice, victims always struggle. Third-party reporting, reports to the police, and the duty of care supposedly offered by local agencies are frequently ineffective in supporting disabled people who are seeking to report crime, having been a victim of someone else’s prejudice. In concluding, the author, however, reveals a number of techniques adopted by disabled victims to ensure that they are listened to by agencies that are often unwilling to provide help and support.
Growing Up Queer with a Disability in Canada’s Bible Belt
Authors: Martino Alan Santinele , Moumos Eleni , Parks Jordan , Ulicki Noah , Robbins Meghan
Published: December 2024

Background: This exploratory study examines the role of religion in the romantic and sexual lives of 2SLGBTQ+ (two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and/or questioning, intersex, asexual, the plus reflects individuals who are self-identifying as part of the community) people with developmental and intellectual disabilities. Method: Based on 31 semi-structured interviews conducted in Alberta, Canada, 13 participants shared how religion, especially Christianity, impacted their intimate lives. Findings: Conversations surrounding the loss of family connection, lack of sexual education, and a call for more inclusive religious communities were common themes. Many participants described religious teachings that cast sexuality and intimacy as sinful, contributing to stigma and fear. Conclusions: Findings emphasize the importance of expanding sex education beyond heteronormative and cisnormative frameworks. Service providers should avoid imposing religious values, as individuals with disabilities may fear losing essential supports when expressing their sexual identities.
Frequency-domain equalization technology for a vortex optical multiplexing system
Authors: Ke Xizheng , Mao Shuangshuang , Liang Jingyuan
Published: December 2024

Orbital angular momentum multiplexing communication, as an emerging multiplexing technology, provides a new way to improve channel capacity and spectral efficiency. However, factors such as atmospheric turbulence can lead to signal fading and mode crosstalk, which, in turn, affects the system performance. In this paper, a dual-mode switching constant mode-least mean square (CMA-LMS) frequency-domain equalization scheme is applied to a four-channel orbital angular momentum multiplexed communication system with the aim of suppressing crosstalk in the system, and the performance of the algorithm is evaluated by means of the constellation diagrams, bit error rate, computational complexity, and convergence speed. The results show that the CMA-LMS frequency-domain equalization can effectively reduce the system bit error rate and suppress the system crosstalk. Compared with the time-domain CMA-LMS equalization algorithm, its computational complexity is significantly reduced, the convergence speed of the algorithm is faster, the bit error rate is reduced by 0.3 orders of magnitude, and the error vector magnitude value decreased by 3.6%.
Unified monitoring and telemetry platform supporting network intelligence in optical networks
Authors: Shen Sen , Han Jing , Bardhi Klodian , Li Haiyuan , Yang Ruizhi , Teng Yiran , Yokar Vaigai , Yan Shuangyi , Simeonidou Dimitra
Published: December 2024

In recent years, machine-learning (ML) applications have generated considerable interest and shown great potential in optimizing optical network management, such as quality of transmission estimation, traffic prediction, and resource allocation. However, these applications often require large datasets for training, inference, and updating, while network operators are generally reluctant to disclose their data due to privacy concerns and the sensitivity of operational information. Most open-source datasets typically lack transparency regarding network specifics, such as topology details and device configurations, making data acquisition and ML model training more difficult. In response, this paper presents a unified monitoring and telemetry platform that leverages distributed and centralized time-series databases on InfluxDB, a Kafka-based telemetry pipeline, and advanced ML applications. The separation of distributed and centralized databases improves data management flexibility and scalability. The Kafka-based telemetry pipeline ensures high-throughput, low-latency data streaming with end-to-end latency under 0.05 s through optimized partitioning. Additionally, integrating Kafka and InfluxDB allows for real-time data visualization from multiple sources, improving transparency and supporting real-time data streaming for network applications. By implementing this advanced telemetry and ML architecture, network operators can build a more intelligent, responsive, and resilient optical network infrastructure.
Passive temperature-compensated fiber Fabry-Perot magnetic field sensor
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Wu Shengnan , Li Nan , Liu Liu , He Sailing
Published: December 2024

A passive temperature-compensated magnetic field sensor based on the material thermal-optics effect has been proposed. The proposed structure is easy to fabricate, consisting of only two single-mode optical fibers adhered to a magnetostrictive rod and the Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity filled with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Benefitting from the negative thermal-optics coefficient of PDMS, the temperature cross-sensitivity of the sensor decreased from 351.02 pm/°C to 12.59 pm/°C, while exhibiting a high magnetic field sensitivity of 160.66 pm/mT@38.47-61.52 mT. The proposed sensor avoids complex control systems, composite structures, and bulky packaging. This feature effectively compensates for temperature influences during magnetic field detection, making it an ideal candidate for stable magnetic field sensors in practical applications.
Coriolis effect due to laser beam tilting in an atom interferometer
Authors: Li Li , Chen Le Le , Luo Qin , Zhou Hang , Zhou Min Kang , Hu Zhong Kun
Published: December 2024

The Coriolis effect can introduce significant systematic errors in atom interferometers. This study examines the coupling effect between the Coriolis effect and the Raman beams–orientation in a fountain atomic gravimeter. Theoretical analysis indicates that the Coriolis effect is correlated with the orientation of the Raman beams, and tilt modulation experiments were conducted to substantiate this correlation. Furthermore, by aligning the orientations of the atomic fountain, the vacuum chamber, and the Raman mirror, we achieved simultaneous suppression of both the Coriolis effect and the tilt effect to sub-μGal levels in a high-precision atomic gravimeter. This work offers guidance on assessing systematic errors in high-precision atomic gravimeters.
Generation of leaky mode resonance and lossy mode resonance with the same optical platform
Authors: Li Zhihong , Zhang Yongchang , Jin Xinxin , Liu Feng , Duan Yanmin , Zhu Haiyong
Published: December 2024

Leaky mode resonance (LeMR) and lossy mode resonance (LoMR) refer to two different surface waves but are easily confused. Herein, we comprehensively investigated the excitation mechanism and sensing performance of both LeMR and LoMR with the same prism-film-surrounding platform based on the rigorous transfer matrix method. Both non-absorbing film waveguides, absorbing film waveguides, and gold-cladding film waveguides were analyzed. Our findings reveal that degenerate LeMR occurs across all configurations while polarization-dependent LoMR emerges only in the latter two cases, with their appearance determined by the corresponding critical angle of the incident wave. This spectral difference leads to different sensing performances for surrounding refractive index (RI) detection. In particular, the LeMR remains sensitive to the RI changing in a wide range, achieving the highest sensitivity as the prism-film-surrounding becomes optically symmetric. In contrast, the LoMR operates exclusively for the surrounding RI lower than that of the prism. The results also suggest that the LeMR exhibits flexibility in film material selection while the LoMR offers the advantage of a narrower bandwidth.
Angular-momentum transformation and the Imbert–Fedorov shift of refracted beams at axially symmetric interfaces
Authors: Li Yubo , Song Haoyuan , Zhang Qiang , Fu Shufang , Wang Xuan-Zhang
Published: December 2024

We have shown that the optical angular momentum is conserved on both sides of the interface for a Gaussian beam with circular polarization incident on an axially symmetric interface. In particular, the difference between reflected and incident spin angular momentums (SAMs) in the axial direction is transformed into the orbit angular momentum (OAM) of the reflected beam. Under this conclusion, one can easily evaluate the Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shift of reflected and refracted beams, including the case of birefringence where the transmitted beams can be ordinary refracted beams or evanescent beams. Using this approach, the IF shift of refracted beams at the surface of hexagonal boron nitride is calculated.
Derivative Optical Imaging Technique
Authors: Soares Yohan , Machado Marcelo , Cionek Marcelo , Misoguti Lino , Barbano Emerson
Published: December 2024

This work introduces an innovative laser scanning optical imaging acquisition technique employing a cylindrical lens, single-element detection (photodetector), and a temporal signal derivation for image recovery. A cylindrical lens generates a line that can be focused onto a sample, facilitating rapid two-dimensional image acquisition by requiring only one-axis scanning. To obtain the onedimensional cross-sections of the sample, we encode the position information using an optical chopper, which gradually obstructs the laser beam line as the chopper’s blade rotates. The sample’s image information along the line is then extracted through temporal derivation of the signal collected by the photodetector. This enables the transformation of the collected signal into an intensity mapping corresponding to the unique spatial locations of each point along the geometric line of the beam. Consequently, scanning along the axis perpendicular to the laser propagation direction enables acquiring a two-dimensional sample image. The Derivative Optical Imaging Technique (DOIT) emerges as a valuable tool due to its relatively simple optical setup, fast image acquisition, compatibility with unusual wavelengths where an array camera is unavailable, potential to work with scattering samples, etc. Therefore, this work demonstrates this derivative microscope’s operational principles and presents the obtained results.
Self-injection locked laser via a hollow-core fiber Fabry–Perot resonator
Authors: Feng Zitong , Ding Meng , Komanec Mateˇj , Zvánovec Stanislav , Zhong Ailing , Poletti Francesco , Marra Giuseppe , Slavík Radan
Published: December 2024

In a hollow-core fiber (HCF), light propagates through an air/vacuum core rather than a solid material, resulting in a low thermo-optic coefficient and ability to handle high powers. Here, we demonstrate a laser locked to a hollow-core fiber reference, which thanks to the low HCF thermal sensitivity, shows long-term stability an order of magnitude better than compact commercially available low-noise lasers. The laser frequency variation within ±600  kHz was measured over 50 h. The stability of our proof-of-concept laser is ensured via a strong self-injection ratio of −15  dB, enabled by the high-power handling and low loss of the hollow-core fiber’s resonator. Moreover, our results show appealing performance parameters, including a fractional frequency stability of 4×10−13 at 1 s averaging time and a Lorentzian component of the linewidth of 0.2 Hz.
Randomness as a driver of inactivity in social groups
Authors: Bernadou Abel , Jeanson Raphaël
Published: December 2024

Social insects, such as ants and bees, are known for their highly efficient and structured colonies. Division of labour, in which each member of the colony has a specific role, is considered to be one major driver of their ecological success. However, empirical evidence has accumulated showing that many workers, sometimes more than half, remain idle in insect societies. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain these patterns, but none provides a consensual explanation. Task specialisation exploits inter-individual variations, which are mainly influenced by genetic factors beyond the control of the colony. As a result, individuals may also differ in the efficiency with which they perform tasks. In this context, we aimed to test the hypothesis that colonies generate a large number of individuals in order to recruit only the most efficient to perform tasks, at the cost of producing and maintaining a fraction of workers that remain inactive. We developed a model to explore the conditions under which variations in the scaling of workers’ production and maintenance costs, along with activity costs, allow colonies to sustain a fraction of inactive workers. We sampled individual performances according to different random distributions in order to simulate the variability associated with worker efficiency. Our results show that the inactivity of part of the workforce can be beneficial for a wide range of parameters if it allows colonies to select the most efficient workers. In decentralised systems such as insect societies, we suggest that inactivity is a by-product of the random processes associated with the generation of individuals whose performance levels cannot be controlled.
Linear response of deep ocean to a moving tropical cyclone
Authors: Furue Ryo , Fukao Yoshio , Sugioka Hiroko
Published: December 2024

To explore the impacts of a moving tropical cyclone (TC) on the deep ocean, a linear continuously stratified model is solved by the method of solving for the temporal and horizontal structure of each vertical mode. The response of the barotropic mode to the TC’s pressure gradient is an isostatic balance, where the sea level rise almost completely cancel the atmospheric low pressure. The response of the barotropic mode to the winds is a permanent sea level drop behind the TC. The horizontal extent of this response is determined by the distribution of the weak negative wind curl outside the core of the strong positive curl. The baroclinic response to the winds is dominated by the well-known train of near-inertial oscillation behind the TC. In addition, there is a mean upwelling and a resultant cooling. The lateral scale of the first upwelling behind the TC is determined by the size of the TC’s positive curl core; further behind in the TC’s wake, this feature spreads laterally at the group speed of inertio-gravity waves for the mode. The three-dimensional structure is then constructed by superposing these vertical modes. The position of the first upwelling peak coincides between the baroclinic modes; this alignment results in a vertical column of upwelling. Further down the wake, this coherence is gradually lost because of slight difference in the streamwise wavelength between modes. Also, lower vertical modes dominate further away from the TC track because of faster lower modes. A uniform-density ocean shows a similar columnar upwelling and downwelling pattern as a response to the same wind curl. The pressure anomaly field at the ocean bottom is dominated by the barotropic response to winds, modified by the baroclinic response. The near-inertial oscillation reaches the bottom quickly because of the columnar response.
Differential behaviour of a risk score for emergency hospital admission by demographics in Scotland—A retrospective study
Authors: Thoma Ioanna , Rogers Simon , Ireland Jillian , Porteous Rachel , Borland Katie , Vallejos Catalina A. , Aslett Louis J. M. , Liley James
Published: December 2024

The Scottish Patients at Risk of Re-Admission and Admission (SPARRA) score predicts individual risk of emergency hospital admission for approximately 80% of the Scottish population. It was developed using routinely collected electronic health records, and is used by primary care practitioners to inform anticipatory care, particularly for individuals with high healthcare needs. We comprehensively assess the SPARRA score across population subgroups defined by age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation, and geographic location. For these subgroups, we consider differences in overall performance, score distribution, and false positive and negative rates, using causal methods to identify effects mediated through age, sex, and deprivation. We show that the score is well-calibrated across subgroups, but that rates of false positives and negatives vary widely, mediated by various causes including variability in demographic characteristics, admission reasons, and potentially differential data availability. Our work assists practitioners in the application and interpretation of the SPARRA score in population subgroups.
Hematological and immunological profiles of podoconiosis patients in West Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Atnaf Aytenew , Oakes Ryan , Scodari Bruno T. , Desta Kassu , Taye Bineyam , Tsegaye Aster
Published: December 2024

Background

Podoconiosis is a geo-chemically induced, non-infectious, familial, chronic lymphedema of the legs that occurs among barefoot people in rural, farming communities with extreme poverty. Despite a growing body of research surrounding the disease, the pathogenesis of the disease is relatively unknown. This study aims to investigate the immunological and hematological profiles of individuals affected by podoconiosis in comparison to healthy controls.

Methodology/Principal findings

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in West Gojjam Zone of Ethiopia involving adult individuals clinically diagnosed with podoconiosis (n = 53) and healthy controls (n = 67) from the same area. A survey was conducted to gather information on sociodemographic, lifestyle characteristics, and clinical features of the disease. About nine ml whole blood samples were collected for hematological and immunological testing, which included IL-4, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-10, TGF β and IFN-γ. Overall, we observed significant differences in hematological parameters between individuals with podoconiosis and healthy controls. Specifically, we found a notable reduction in white blood cell count, with an adjusted mean difference (AMD) of -1.15 (95% CI: -2.09 to -0.21; p = 0.017). Additionally, the differential white blood count showed a decrease in absolute neutrophils (AMD = -3.42, 95% CI: -4.15 to -2.69; p < 0.001) and absolute eosinophils (AMD = -0.20, 95% CI: -0.37 to -0.03; p = 0.019). Conversely, we noted an increase in absolute lymphocytes (AMD = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.46; p < 0.001) and monocytes (AMD = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.85; p = 0.001). However, we didn’t observe a significant difference in cytokine profile between podoconiosis patients and healthy controls

Conclusions/Significance

The decrease in neutrophil counts among podoconiosis cases compared to healthy controls may provide insight into the potential disease pathogenesis, suggesting the involvement of autoimmune-related mechanisms, as it demonstrates a similar hematological profile to other autoimmune disorders.
Energy choices to health outcomes: A multidimensional analysis of risk in BRICS via PMG-ARDL approach
Authors: Kaya Funda , Voumik Liton Chandra , Rashid Mamunur , Akter Salma , Khan Sayeem Hasan , Salehi Mahdi , Kochański Konrad , Zimon Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

This article employs a Panel Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) approach to investigate the interaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), fossil fuel, renewable energy consumption, trade, and their collective impact on life expectancy within the BRICS nations. The research reveals compelling findings. Notably, CO2 emissions and trade openness exhibit negative and statistically significant impact on life expectancy. In contrast, GDP per capita and renewable energy consumption are positive and significant determinants of longer life expectancy. The nuanced outcomes underscore the complex interplay of economic, environmental, and social factors within the BRICS nations. The effects found by PMG-ARDL and FMOLS are very comparable, except for the trade openness’ coefficients, which is the inverse. These findings hold significant implications for policy interpretation and sustainable development strategies. As nations struggle to balance economic growth and environmental improvement with public health, tailored interventions targeting CO2 reduction, trade openness, renewable energy, and GDP growth can collectively contribute to longer life expectancy. In a broader context, this research contributes to the global discourse on sustainability, economic improvement, and health issue.
Improving citizen-government interactions with generative artificial intelligence: Novel human-computer interaction strategies for policy understanding through large language models
Authors: Yun Lixin , Yun Sheng , Xue Haoran
Published: December 2024

Effective communication of government policies to citizens is crucial for transparency and engagement, yet challenges such as accessibility, complexity, and resource constraints obstruct this process. In the digital transformation and Generative AI era, integrating Generative AI and artificial intelligence technologies into public administration has significantly enhanced government governance, promoting dynamic interaction between public authorities and citizens. This paper proposes a system leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) technology combined with Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve policy communication. Addressing challenges of accessibility, complexity, and engagement in traditional dissemination methods, our system uses LLMs and a sophisticated retrieval mechanism to generate accurate, comprehensible responses to citizen queries about policies. This novel integration of RAG and LLMs for policy communication represents a significant advancement over traditional methods, offering unprecedented accuracy and accessibility. We experimented with our system with a diverse dataset of policy documents from both Chinese and US regional governments, comprising over 200 documents across various policy topics. Our system demonstrated high accuracy, averaging 85.58% for Chinese and 90.67% for US policies. Evaluation metrics included accuracy, comprehensibility, and public engagement, measured against expert human responses and baseline comparisons. The system effectively boosted public engagement, with case studies highlighting its impact on transparency and citizen interaction. These results indicate the system’s efficacy in making policy information more accessible and understandable, thus enhancing public engagement. This innovative approach aims to build a more informed and participatory democratic process by improving communication between governments and citizens.
Predictors of neonatal mortality among neonates in Tigray regional state, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebrerufael Gebru Gebremeskel , Welegebrial Brhane Gebrehiwot , Teklezgi Mehari Gebre
Published: December 2024

Background

Since 2015, Ethiopia is committed to lowering the death rate for children under five and it is one of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa that has accomplished the fourth Millennium Development Goal. However, in Ethiopia, neonatal death has remained a serious public health concern, with greater rates found in Tigray regional state and the predictors aren’t well recognized. The goal of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of neonatal death in the Tigray regional State as well as any relevant risk factors.

Methods

This study performed a secondary data analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) report. Information was gathered on 716 neonates who were born five years before the survey began. Risk factors for neonatal mortality were thought to include mother and neonate demographics, health, and environmental factors. The study employed multivariable logistic regression model analysis and descriptive statistics to identify significant correlates of neonatal mortality.

Results

In Tigray regional state, the overall prevalence of neonatal mortality was 4.3% (95% CI: 3.06, 6.10). The multivariable logistic regression model analysis revealed that factors such as multiple birth types (AOR = 15.3, 95% CI: 3.54, 65.84), birth order (2–4) (AOR = 4.88, 95% CI: 1.52, 15.7), sex of the neonate (being male) (AOR = 3.75, 95% CI: 1.45, 9.75), home place of delivery (AOR = 7.4, 95% CI: 2.0, 27.6), and neonates born to mothers aged 20–34 years (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.087, 0.58) were significantly risk factors associated with a higher risk of neonatal mortality rate.

Conclusions

The study recognized the sex of the neonate, birth order, mother’s age, place of delivery, and birth type as potential risk factors for neonatal mortality. The prevalence of neonatal mortality indicated that the neonatal mortality rate in Tigray regional state was higher than the national average. To reduce neonatal mortality, targeted interventions should focus on high-risk groups, such as mothers delivering at home and those with multiple births.