bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of double bond positions in methyl ketones by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using dimethyl disulfide derivatives
Authors: Froning Matti , Grütering Carolin , Blank Lars M. , Hayen Heiko
Published: December 2022

Rationale

Methyl ketones are of interest for the application as biofuels. The fatty acid metabolism of different microbes has been rearranged to achieve a sustainable production of methyl ketones. The biofuel properties and possible further chemical modifications of these methyl ketones are influenced by their chain length, as well as their degree of saturation and the corresponding double bond position.

Methods

A method based on gas chromatography–electron ionization; mass spectrometry (GC‐EI‐MS) was used to determine the double bond position of methyl ketones. Derivatization using dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and an iodine catalyst enabled the activation of the double bonds for selective fragmentation during electron ionization. The cleavage led to key fragments in the Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrum and allowed the unequivocal localization of the double bond position of the respective monounsaturated methyl ketone.

Results

The double bond position of several medium chain length methyl ketones originating from the gram‐negative bacterium Pseudomonas taiwanensis (P. taiwanensis) VLB120 was determined. The DMDS derivatives of methyl ketones can yield isobaric fragment ions for different possible double bond positions, which can be distinguished only using high‐resolution MS. The double bond position of all methyl ketones deriving from P. taiwanensis VLB120 was the same, counting from the end of the aliphatic chain, and was determined as ω‐7.

Conclusions

The derivatization of medium chain length monounsaturated methyl ketones with DMDS allowed the determination of the corresponding double bond position via GC‐EI‐MS. High‐resolution MS is needed to differentiate possible double bond positions that yield isobaric fragment ions.
A left pulmonary artery sling with left bronchiectasis in an adult patient: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Lv Lin , Cheng Xue , Yu Xiaohui , Cui Chen , Ji Wenwen , Wang Na , Li Tingting , Liu Jia , Shi Zhihong
Published: December 2022

Pulmonary artery sling (PAS) is a rare congenital vascular anomaly, and is usually diagnosed during the infantile or fetal period. Adult presentation of PAS is rare. We report a 55‐year‐old woman with left pulmonary artery sling and left lung bronchiectasis, performing as persistent shortness of breath, coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed the aberrant left pulmonary artery emerging from the right pulmonary artery and crossing to the left between the trachea and oesophagus. We experienced a rare adult case with LPAS and left bronchiectasis, stressing the importance of the anatomic abnormalities in such cases.
Productivist fiscal deservingness: Entangled understandings of reciprocity and redistribution among German business owners
Authors: Streinzer Andreas , Terpe Sylvia
Published: December 2022

This article analyzes business owners' complaints about fiscal relations in a specific conjuncture. After decades of radicalizing productivism in Germany, the entrepreneurs' narratives are infused with ideas of an endangered fiscal community. Threats are perceived as coming from the undeserving poor and wealthy people who presumably both trick the system. The pivot of fairness and justice centers on imaginaries of productivist deservingness. The business owners' reactions to those they portray as unproductive or undeserving range from cynical resignation to fantasies of coercion. Critical to understanding why the complaints play out in specific ways is, as we argue, the entanglement of imaginaries of reciprocity in processes of redistribution that accompanied neoliberal welfare retrenchment. We analyze two forms of entangled understandings: solidary redistribution as owing others and fair reciprocity as willingness to perform. Productivist deservingness becomes the central element of bargaining about the legitimacy of tax avoidance, the necessity to enforce the productivity of the poor, and the police as the last barrier against class warfare.
High‐Temperature Oxidation of 60Si2Mn Spring Steel in Dry Air and Wet Air: Insights from an Experimental and First‐Principles Study
Authors: Li Hua , Zhao Xianming , Zhang Hongliang , Li Jie , Li Dezhi
Published: December 2022

During the hot‐rolling process, the 60Si2Mn spring steel is exposed to both dry air and water vapor at high temperatures. However, no precise mechanism or theory is developed to explain the effect of water vapor on the oxide layer from a microscopic atomic perspective. The high‐temperature oxidation of 60Si2Mn spring steel with dry and wet air is investigated herein using a combination of experiments and first‐principles calculations. After high‐temperature oxidation in both dry and wet air, the 60Si2Mn spring steel generates a typical three‐layer structure consisting of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and FeO + SiO2/Fe2SiO4; however, the oxide layer produced in wet air is significantly thicker. Furthermore, the phase transformation from Fe3O4 to Fe2O3 occurs in the middle Fe3O4 layer, which is associated with H protons derived from H2O molecules penetrating into oxide layers and promoting the development of Fe vacancies in the center of the tetrahedral interstices. The high porosity of the Fe3O4 layer essentially encourages Fe and O diffusion, hence enhancing the growth of the oxide layer and facilitating the transformation from Fe3O4 to Fe2O3. These findings provide a more detailed mechanistic explanation of how water vapor affects the high‐temperature oxidation of 60Si2Mn spring steel at the atomic level.
Analysis and prediction of the effect of Nanosilica on the compressive strength of concrete with different mix proportions and specimen sizes using various numerical approaches
Authors: Ali Reyam , Muayad Maryam , Mohammed Ahmed Salih , Asteris Panagiotis G.
Published: December 2022

Introducing nanotechnology in concrete is one of the most significant successes in enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete. It affects the quality of the microstructure of the concrete due to its extremely small nanoparticles leading to a faster reaction due to its large surface area. The nanoparticles fill the concrete's pores, resulting in considerably improved strengths in the early ages of the concrete. This research used six models; linear regression (LR), multilinear regression (MLR), nonlinear regression (NLR), pure quadratic (PQ), interaction (IA), and full quadratic (FQ), to predict the compressive strength of the concrete modified with different Nanosilica contents for various mix proportions. The models were applied to three datasets, with 420 collected from several research studies. The ranges of the concrete mix proportions used in this study were as follows, water/cement ratio (w/c) ranged between 0.1 and 1, cement content (C) ranged between 153.81 and 1200 kg/m3, fine aggregate content (FA) ranged between 492 and 2270 kg/m3, coarse aggregate content (CA) ranged between 617 and 2900 kg/m3, superplasticizer (SP) ranged between 0% and 6.7%, coarse aggregate size (CAS) ranged between 6 and 50.8 mm, fine aggregate size (FAS) ranged between 0.025 and 10 mm, Nanosilica content (NS%) ranged between 0% and 15%, w/c of 0.4–0.6 and the curing time (days) ranged between 3 and 180. The compressive strength of the collected datasets ranged from 3 to 120 MPa. The parameters that have improved the analyzed datasets of the compressive strength were the content of Nanosilica and the SP. The models were assessed for their accuracy using multiple assessment criteria; the most evident ones are; the objective function (OBJ), root mean square error (RMSE), Scatter Index (SI), and the maximum absolute error (MAE). The analytical models and the model comparison operations will be shown in detail in this research, indicating that the most effective and accurate model is the FQ model; where coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.96, RMSE of 3.49 MPa, MAE of 2.96 MPa, and SI of 0.08 were conducted from the analytical studies. From the developed models, the compressive strength of the concrete up to a high compressive strength level with high accurately can be predicted. Also, the compressive strength of the concrete can be accurately predicted for various sizes of aggregate and specimens.
Models of depressive pseudoamnestic disorder
Authors: Choi Jongwoo , Lee Seonjoo , Motter Jeffrey N. , Kim Hyun , Andrews Howard , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Devanand D. P. , Goldberg Terry E.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Little effort has been made in the past to validate depressive pseudodementia based on hypothesis‐driven approaches. We extended this concept to individuals with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Major Depression, that is, pseudodepressive amnestic disorder. We tested two hypotheses consistent with the presentations and mechanisms associated with this potential syndrome: improvements in cognition would be significantly correlated with improvements in depression after treatment (Hypothesis 1), and if not confirmed, the presence of such an association could be identified once moderator variables were taken into account (Hypothesis 2).

Methods

Within a clinical trial, 61 individuals received open label serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram or venlafaxine) treatment over a 16‐week period. Selective Reminding Test and Hamilton Depression scale were conducted serially to measure change in memory and depression, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging, other cognitive measures (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive and speed of processing tests), and additional depression measure (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]) were also administered.

Results

No significant associations between improvement in depression and improvement in cognition were observed. Sensitivity analyses with other cognitive measures, the BDI, and exclusion of possible “placebo” responders were negative as well. There were no significant moderation effects for baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression as a measure of symptom severity or age. APOE ε4 genotype and white matter hyperintensity burden yielded counter‐intuitive, albeit marginally significant results.

Conclusions

Negative findings cast doubt on the frequency of depressive pseudoamnestic disorder in older populations with documented depression and memory impairments.
Climate nationalisms: Beyond the binaries of good and bad nationalism
Authors: Kashwan Prakash , Liu John Chung‐En , Das Jahnnabi
Published: December 2022

Climate nationalism has attracted renewed interest among scholars and analysts of international climate politics, security studies, and international relations more broadly. However, the most prominent arguments about climate nationalism follow a storyline of “good nationalism” or “bad nationalism”—a “positive civic nationalism” versus a “destructive ethnic nationalism.” In this article, we review these debates by drawing on prominent strands of scholarship on climate nationalism, mapped onto three key aspects: climate securitization, political populism, and Civic nationalism. To further ground our review in real‐world politics outside of the United States and Western Europe, we offer a snapshot of climate nationalism narratives deployed by political elites in three large countries in the Asia‐Pacific: Australia, India, and China. Our review shows that considering the multiscalar, multisectoral, and global scope of climate action, it may be futile to look for a conclusive answer to the question of whether nationalism is good or bad for fostering effective and enduring transformations suitable for a climate‐changed world. Instead, we recommend a research agenda focused on investigating the myriad ways in which political and economic elites fuse discourses of nationalism with various aspects of climate politics and climate action. A proper understanding of elite interests, discourses, and strategies, in ways that account for varied national and regional political and economic contexts, we argue is crucial for a fuller understanding of how narratives of nationalism may affect climate action.

This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior

Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance

Climate and Development > Knowledge and Action in Development

Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy
Correction to: Automated Topic Categorisation of Citizens’ Contributions: Reducing Manual Labelling Efforts Through Active Learning
Authors: Romberg Julia , Escher Tobias
Published: December 2022

Chapter 24 was previously published non-open access. It has now been changed to open access under a CC BY 4.0 license and the copyright holder updated to ‘The Author(s)’. The book has also been updated with this change.
Just Low-Carbon Mobility Transitions: A Research-Based Art Exhibition
Authors: Sareen Siddharth
Published: December 2022

While research on just low-carbon energy transitions is advancing, its manifestation in the cultural domain remains limited. This chapter features analytical and aesthetic interplay by narrating the process and outcome of a co-production process at the intersection of future imaginaries of mobility, salvage frontiers, and energy systems in transformation. It mainframes a rich tapestry of co-produced art by the Rjukan Solarpunk Academy. This accompanied a book workshop convened by the Energy Anthropology Network at the Norwegian Petroleum Museum in Autumn 2021, with images from two exhibitions interspersed in thematic play with nine book chapters. Drawing on the experience of the Just Mobility Transitions Network in Norway, the chapter offers reflective insights on the process through which these research-based, socially engaged art interventions came about.
Littering the City or Freedom of Mobility? The Case of Electric Scooters
Authors: Datava Zane , Skjølsvold Tomas , Korsnes Marius
Published: December 2022

This chapter explores the co-production of e-scooters, infrastructures, users and non-users, with an interest in the e-scooter’s impacts on urban space and generation of waste in Norwegian cities. It asks how urban space is configured according to conflicting interests. It explores what is lost and gained as e-scooters enter as a sustainability-oriented ‘innovation’, and what they add to existing modes of mobility and mobility infrastructures. The focus is on users, opponents and distributors. This approach generates new knowledge about how a broad range of actors understand and enact this new form of mobility. The chapter argues that all involved actors experience the consequences of violations to spatial justice. Rather than easing congestion for ‘last mile’ urban transportation, e-scooters risk becoming and being seen as obstacles.
Stochastic Parameterization with Dynamic Mode Decomposition
Authors: Li Long , Mémin Etienne , Tissot Gilles
Published: December 2022

A physical stochastic parameterization is adopted in this work to account for the effects of the unresolved small-scale on the large-scale flow dynamics. This random model is based on a stochastic transport principle, which ensures a strong energy conservation. The dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is performed on high-resolution data to learn a basis of the unresolved velocity field, on which the stochastic transport velocity is expressed. Time-harmonic property of DMD modes allows us to perform a clean separation between time-differentiable and time-decorrelated components. Such random scheme is assessed on a quasi-geostrophic (QG) model.
Dynamical Properties of Weather Regime Transitions
Authors: Platzer Paul , Chapron Bertrand , Tandeo Pierre
Published: December 2022

Large-scale weather can often be successfully described using a small amount of patterns. A statistical description of reanalysed pressure fields identifies these recurring patterns with clusters in state-space, also called “regimes”. Recently, these weather regimes have been described through instantaneous, local indicators of dimension and persistence, borrowed from dynamical systems theory and extreme value theory. Using similar indicators and going further, we focus here on weather regime transitions. We use 60 years of winter-time sea-level pressure reanalysis data centered on the North-Atlantic ocean and western Europe. These experiments reveal regime-dependent behaviours of dimension and persistence near transitions, although in average one observes an increase of dimension and a decrease of persistence near transitions. The effect of transition on persistence is stronger and lasts longer than on dimension. These findings confirm the relevance of such dynamical indicators for the study of large-scale weather regimes, and reveal their potential to be used for both the understanding and detection of weather regime transitions.
Primitive Equations Under Location Uncertainty: Analytical Description and Model Development
Authors: Tucciarone Francesco L. , Mémin Etienne , Li Long
Published: December 2022

Resolving numerically all the scale interactions of ocean dynamics in a high resolution realistic configuration is today far beyond reach, and only large scale representations can be afforded. In this work, we study a stochastic parameterization of the ocean primitive equations derived within the modelling under location uncertainty framework. First numerical assessments built with the NEMO core’s code are provided for a double-gyres configuration.
Modeling Under Location Uncertainty: A Convergent Large-Scale Representation of the Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Debussche Arnaud , Hug Berenger , Mémin Etienne
Published: December 2022

We construct martingale solutions for the stochastic Navier-Stokes equations in the framework of the modelling under location uncertainty (LU). These solutions are pathwise and unique when the spatial dimension is 2D. We then prove that if the noise intensity goes to zero, these solutions converge, up to a subsequence in dimension 3, to a solution of the deterministic Navier-Stokes equation. This warrants that the LU Navier-Stokes equations can be interpreted as a large-scale model of the deterministic Navier-Stokes equation.
Erratum zu: Altern: Biologie und Chancen
Authors: Ho Anthony D. , Holstein Thomas W. , Häfner Heinz
Published: December 2022

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Blickdatenanalyse bei der Interpretation linearer Graphen im mathematischen und physikalischen Kontext
Authors: Becker Sebastian , Knippertz Lynn , Kuhn Jochen , Kuntz Lena , Ruzika Stefan
Published: December 2022

Eyetracking bezeichnet die Erfassung und Analyse von Blickdaten und ermöglicht einen Einblick in die kognitiven Prozesse beim Lernen und damit die Identifikation von Lernhürden. Durch die Identifikation von Lernhürden eröffnet diese Methodik eine neuartige Möglichkeit zur Analyse und Verbesserung von Lernprozessen. In diesem Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse einer Eyetracking-Studie zur Interpretation von linearen Funktionen vorgestellt, welche wesentlicher Bestandteil der schulischen, aber auch universitären MINT-Ausbildung sind. Ein kompetenter Umgang mit diesem Funktionstyp in unterschiedlichen Repräsentationsformen ist daher essenziell. Schülerinnen und Schüler haben jedoch häufig Schwierigkeiten mit der Interpretation linearer Funktionen, insbesondere in unterschiedlichen disziplinären Kontexten. Die hier beschriebene Studie basiert auf einem validierten Testinstrument von Ceuppens et al. (2019) und wurde mit N = 131 Schülerinnen und Schülern der gymnasialen Oberstufe durchgeführt. Das Testinstrument besteht aus Paaren von Mathematik- und Kinematik-Items, welche zueinander ähnlich sind und sich nur im Kontext der Aufgabenstellung und in den disziplinüblichen Bezeichnungen unterscheiden. Insbesondere ist zur Lösung das gleiche mathematische Verfahren (Bestimmung von Steigung und y-Achsenabschnitt) erforderlich. Die Grundvoraussetzung für die Lösung dieser Items stellen mathematische Fähigkeiten dar, beispielsweise die Bestimmung von Steigung und Ordinatenabschnitt. Die Analyse der Eyetracking-Daten eröffnet hierbei Einsichten in kognitive Prozesse bei der Anwendung mathematischer Prozeduren zur Lösung von Items im mathematischen und physikalischen Kontext.
Die Zukunft des MINT-Unterrichts aus der Perspektive der Schulpraxis
Authors: Ghomi Mina , Sorge Stefan , Mühling Andreas
Published: December 2022

Angesichts der rasanten technologischen Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre können wir heute nur erahnen, wie sich unsere Lebenswelt und damit auch der Unterricht entwickeln. Sicher ist jedoch, dass digitale Technologien die Zukunft des Unterrichts mitbestimmen. Ein von Politik und Wissenschaft initiiertes Modell zur Beschreibung der notwendigen Kompetenzen stellt der Europäische Referenzrahmen für die digitale Kompetenz von Lehrenden (DigCompEdu) dar. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die Vorstellung von Akteuren der Schulpraxis über den Unterricht der Zukunft mit diesem Modell abzugleichen. In drei Online-Workshops wurden daher von insgesamt 26 Lehrkräften, 18 Lehramtsstudierenden und 9 Bildungsadministratorinnen und -administratoren in Kleingruppen Szenarien für eine wünschenswerte Zukunft des Unterrichts im Jahr 2030 entwickelt und anschließend inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Lehrkräfte insbesondere Innovationen im Bereich der Organisation von Schule und der Gestaltung des Unterrichts identifizieren. Die so identifizierten Themen lassen sich drei der insgesamt sechs DigCompEdu-Kompetenzbereiche zuordnen. Eine Konkretisierung des Einsatzes digitaler Technologien im Unterricht hingegen findet sich in den Vorstellungen nicht. Es ist daher notwendig, für die Zukunft verstärkt den konkreten Transfer von der Entwicklung in die Unterrichtspraxis zu betrachten, damit ein Einsatz digitaler Technologien unterstützt wird.
Entwicklung von Lernumgebungen zum Computational Thinking im Mathematikunterricht und ihr Einsatz in Lehrkräftefortbildungen
Authors: Beyer Steven , Dreher Ulrike , Grave-Gierlinger Frederik , Eilerts Katja , Schuler Stephanie
Published: December 2022

Im folgenden Beitrag werden zwei Projekte vorgestellt, die sich mit der Entwicklung und dem Einsatz von geometriebezogenen Lernumgebungen zur Förderung des fachunabhängigen Konzepts des Computational Thinking auf der Unterrichts- sowie der Fortbildungsebene im Fach Mathematik befassen. Auf Ebene des Unterrichts wird das Förderpotenzial einer Lernumgebung mit einem Lernroboter untersucht. Auf Ebene der Fortbildung wird das Design theoriebasiert hergeleitet und es werden Ergebnisse ausgewählter Begleitforschung zu Möglichkeiten und Grenzen vorgestellt. Damit werden exemplarisch zwei Handlungsfelder der Implementierung eines im Zuge der Digitalisierung zentralen Konstrukts, dem Computational Thinking, in der Grundschule fachbezogen in den Blick genommen.
Fähigkeit zur Beurteilung dynamischer Arbeitsblätter – Wie lässt sie sich fördern?
Authors: Engelhardt Alex , Digel Susanne , Roth Jürgen
Published: December 2022

Das Potenzial eines adäquaten digitalen Medieneinsatzes ist vielfach bestätigt. Im Kontrast dazu stehen Ergebnisse, dass digitale Medien im alltäglichen Schulunterricht, insbesondere für die Schülerhand, kaum genutzt werden. Eine mögliche Ursache liegt in dem mangelnden Wissen seitens der Lehrkräfte, um digitale Technologien zielgerichtet im Unterricht zu nutzen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird die Entwicklung eines Lehr-Lern-Labor-Seminars vorgestellt, in dem Studierenden die Fähigkeit zur Beurteilung interaktiver Arbeitsblätter als Beitrag zu den digitalen Kompetenzen angehender Lehrkräfte vermittelt werden soll. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels eines Studierenden werden Veränderungen in der Fähigkeit im Laufe des Seminars aufgezeigt.
Origin of the elements
Authors: Arcones Almudena , Thielemann Friedrich-Karl
Published: December 2022

What is the origin of the oxygen we breathe, the hydrogen and oxygen (in form of water H2O) in rivers and oceans, the carbon in all organic compounds, the silicon in electronic hardware, the calcium in our bones, the iron in steel, silver and gold in jewels, the rare earths utilized, e.g. in magnets or lasers, lead or lithium in batteries, and also of naturally occurring uranium and plutonium? The answer lies in the skies. Astrophysical environments from the Big Bang to stars and stellar explosions are the cauldrons where all these elements are made. The papers by Burbidge (Rev Mod Phys 29:547–650, 1957) and Cameron (Publ Astron Soc Pac 69:201, 1957), as well as precursors by Bethe, von Weizsäcker, Hoyle, Gamow, and Suess and Urey provided a very basic understanding of the nucleosynthesis processes responsible for their production, combined with nuclear physics input and required environment conditions such as temperature, density and the overall neutron/proton ratio in seed material. Since then a steady stream of nuclear experiments and nuclear structure theory, astrophysical models of the early universe as well as stars and stellar explosions in single and binary stellar systems has led to a deeper understanding. This involved improvements in stellar models, the composition of stellar wind ejecta, the mechanism of core-collapse supernovae as final fate of massive stars, and the transition (as a function of initial stellar mass) from core-collapse supernovae to hypernovae and long duration gamma-ray bursts (accompanied by the formation of a black hole) in case of single star progenitors. Binary stellar systems give rise to nova explosions, X-ray bursts, type Ia supernovae, neutron star, and neutron star–black hole mergers. All of these events (possibly with the exception of X-ray bursts) eject material with an abundance composition unique to the specific event and lead over time to the evolution of elemental (and isotopic) abundances in the galactic gas and their imprint on the next generation of stars. In the present review, we want to give a modern overview of the nucleosynthesis processes involved, their astrophysical sites, and their impact on the evolution of galaxies.
The zonoid region parameter depth
Authors: Cascos Ignacio , Pandolfo Giuseppe , Sinova Beatriz
Published: December 2022

A new concept of depth for central regions is introduced. The proposed depth notion assesses how well an interval fits a given univariate distribution as its zonoid region of level 1/2, and it is extended to the multivariate setting by means of a projection argument. Since central regions capture information about location, scatter, and dependency among several variables, the new depth evaluated on an empirical zonoid region quantifies the degree of similarity (in terms of the features captured by central regions) of the corresponding sample with respect to some reference distribution. Applications to statistical process control and the joint monitoring of multivariate and interval-valued data in terms of location and scale are presented.
LATE-NC staging in routine neuropathologic diagnosis: an update
Authors: Nelson Peter T. , Lee Edward B. , Cykowski Matthew D. , Alafuzoff Irina , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Attems Johannes , Brayne Carol , Corrada Maria M. , Dugger Brittany N. , Flanagan Margaret E. , Ghetti Bernardino , Grinberg Lea T. , Grossman Murray , Grothe Michel J. , Halliday Glenda M. , Hasegawa Masato , Hokkanen Suvi R. K. , Hunter Sally , Jellinger Kurt , Kawas Claudia H. , Keene C. Dirk , Kouri Naomi , Kovacs Gabor G. , Leverenz James B. , Latimer Caitlin S. , Mackenzie Ian R. , Mao Qinwen , McAleese Kirsty E. , Merrick Richard , Montine Thomas J. , Murray Melissa E. , Myllykangas Liisa , Nag Sukriti , Neltner Janna H. , Newell Kathy L. , Rissman Robert A. , Saito Yuko , Sajjadi S. Ahmad , Schwetye Katherine E. , Teich Andrew F. , Thal Dietmar R. , Tomé Sandra O. , Troncoso Juan C. , Wang Shih-Hsiu J. , White Charles L. , Wisniewski Thomas , Yang Hyun-Sik , Schneider Julie A. , Dickson Dennis W. , Neumann Manuela
Published: December 2022

An international consensus report in 2019 recommended a classification system for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC). The suggested neuropathologic staging system and nomenclature have proven useful for autopsy practice and dementia research. However, some issues remain unresolved, such as cases with unusual features that do not fit with current diagnostic categories. The goal of this report is to update the neuropathologic criteria for the diagnosis and staging of LATE-NC, based primarily on published data. We provide practical suggestions about how to integrate available genetic information and comorbid pathologies [e.g., Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC) and Lewy body disease]. We also describe recent research findings that have enabled more precise guidance on how to differentiate LATE-NC from other subtypes of TDP-43 pathology [e.g., frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)], and how to render diagnoses in unusual situations in which TDP-43 pathology does not follow the staging scheme proposed in 2019. Specific recommendations are also made on when not to apply this diagnostic term based on current knowledge. Neuroanatomical regions of interest in LATE-NC are described in detail and the implications for TDP-43 immunohistochemical results are specified more precisely. We also highlight questions that remain unresolved and areas needing additional study. In summary, the current work lays out a number of recommendations to improve the precision of LATE-NC staging based on published reports and diagnostic experience.
‘Why are the Sales Forecasts so low?’ Socio-Technical Challenges of Using Machine Learning for Forecasting Sales in a Bakery
Authors: Fries Marco , Ludwig Thomas
Published: December 2022

Artificial intelligence and the underlying machine learning (ML) methods are increasingly finding their way into our working world. One of these areas is sales planning, where machine learning is used to leverage a variety of different input parameters such as prices, promotions, or the weather, to forecast sales, and therefore directly affects the production of products and goods. To satisfy the goal of environmental sustainability as well as address short shelf life, the food industry represents an interesting application field for the use of ML for optimizing sales planning. Within this paper, we will examine the design, and especially the application, of ML methods in the food industry and show the current challenges that exist in the use of such concepts and technologies from the end-user’s point of view. Our study of a smaller bakery company shows that there are enormous challenges in setting up the appropriate infrastructure and processes for the implementation of ML, that the output quality of ML processes does not always match the perceived result quality, and that trust in the functioning of the algorithms is the most important criterion for using ML processes in practice.
Perceptual Grouping in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Exploratory Magnetoencephalography Study
Authors: Falter-Wagner Christine M. , Kiefer Christian M. , Bailey Anthony J. , Vogeley Kai , Dammers Jürgen
Published: December 2022

Visual information is organised according to visual grouping principles. In visual grouping tasks individuals with ASD have shown equivocal performance. We explored neural correlates of Gestalt grouping in individuals with and without ASD. Neuromagnetic activity of individuals with (15) and without (18) ASD was compared during a visual grouping task testing grouping by proximity versus similarity. Individuals without ASD showed stronger evoked responses with earlier peaks in response to both grouping types indicating an earlier neuronal differentiation between grouping principles in individuals without ASD. In contrast, individuals with ASD showed particularly prolonged processing of grouping by similarity suggesting a high demand of neural resources. The neuronal processing differences found could explain less efficient grouping performance observed behaviourally in ASD.
FASCIA Method in the Assessment of Lymphocyte Mitogen Responses in the Laboratory Diagnostics of Primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Lusila Pauliina , Toivonen Anne , Jarva Hanna , Vettenranta Kim , Lehtimäki Sari , Kekäläinen Eliisa
Published: December 2022

Lymphocyte responses to mitogens constitute a key part of the diagnostics of combined immunodeficiency (CID). Currently, mostly radioactive thymidine incorporation and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution methods are used. Flow-cytometric assay for specific cell-mediated immune-response in activated whole blood (FASCIA) has been put forth as an easy-to-perform option for the measurement of lymphocyte responses with the advantage of recognizing different lymphocyte subtypes and avoiding the use of radioactive reagents. Our aim was to analyze retrospectively the usefulness of FASCIA in the diagnostics of CID. We included all lymphocyte stimulation tests done with FASCIA in HUSLAB (Helsinki, Finland) between February 2015 and September 2018 in our analysis. The cohort was divided into two groups according to the patients’ final diagnoses: CID (n = 30) or non-CID (n = 159). We evaluated the stimulation responses with a combined FASCIA score (the average of all mitogen responses). The FASCIA score was significantly lower among the CID group compared to the other patients (p = 0.002), and in the ROC analysis, the AUC was 0.75 (p < 0.001) for the FASCIA score. When the three mitogens were analyzed separately, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was best in separating patients with CID from non-CID (in the ROC analysis AUC 0.71, p = 0.001). Immunosuppressive medication affected the FASCIA result significantly and needs to be considered when evaluating the results. In conclusion, FASCIA can reliably detect the CID patients in the absence of immunosuppressive medication. It emerges as a method with many benefits compared to tests requiring radioactive reagents or the complicated CFSE staining.
Patient preferences and health state utilities associated with the treatment process of antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV
Authors: Matza Louis S. , Howell Timothy A. , Chounta Vasiliki , van de Velde Nicolas
Published: December 2022

Purpose

People living with HIV (PLHIV) have reported challenges associated with daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART), including missed doses, negative psychological impact, and difficulty remaining discreet while at home or traveling. Recently approved long-acting injectable (LAI) ART may help eliminate these concerns. The purpose of this study was to examine patient preferences and estimate health state utilities associated with oral and LAI treatment for ART.

Methods

Four health state vignettes were developed based on published literature, clinician interviews, and a pilot study. All vignettes included the same description of HIV, but differed in treatment regimens: (A) single daily oral tablet, (B) two daily oral tablets, (C) injections once monthly, and (D) injections every two months. PLHIV in the UK reported their preferences and valued the health states in time trade-off utility interviews.

Results

The sample included 201 PLHIV (83.1% male; mean age = 44.9y). The health states frequently selected as most preferable were D (n = 119; 59.2%) and A (n = 75; 37.3%). Utility differences among health states were relatively small, which is typical for treatment process utilities (mean utilities: A, 0.908; B, 0.905; C, 0.900; D, 0.910). Statistically significant differences in utility were found for one vs. two tablets and injections every month vs. every two months (p < 0.001). Participants’ quotations highlight the wide range of reasons for treatment process preferences.

Conclusions

Current results indicate that many PLHIV would prefer LAI ART. The reported utilities may be useful in economic modeling comparing oral vs. LAI ART.
Biochanin A inhibits lung adenocarcinoma progression by targeting ZEB1
Authors: Li Jianjun , Kou Yaqi , Zhang Xiaohan , Xiao Xuechun , Ou Yang , Cao Lixia , Guo Min , Qi Chunchun , Wang Zhaoyang , Liu Yuxin , Shuai Qiuying , Wang Hang , Yang Shuang
Published: December 2022

Lung adenocarcinoma is the major subtype of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 40% of lung cancers. During clinical treatment, the emergence of chemotherapy resistance seriously affects the effectiveness of treatment. Thus, finding new chemotherapeutic sensitizers is considered to be one of the effective solutions. Biochanin A, as a naturally occurring isoflavone, has been demonstrated to exhibit anticancer effects in various tumors. However, the potential mechanisms of Biochanin A to inhibit tumor development have not been clarified. In the present study, we found that the combinational treatment of cisplatin and Biochanin A exhibited strong synergistic repression on lung adenocarcinoma growth and progression in vitro and in vivo. Considering that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is recognized to be associated with both chemoresistance and metastasis, we examined the EMT-related markers and found that Biochanin A could specifically inhibit the expression of ZEB1. Importantly, Biochanin A chemosensitizes lung adenocarcinoma and inhibits cancer cell metastasis by suppressing ZEB1. At the molecular level, Biochanin A affects the stability of ZEB1 protein through the deubiquitination pathway and thereby influences the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, our finding elucidates the potential efficacy of Bichanin A as a chemosensitizer and provides new strategy for the chemotherapy of advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
Resurrecting marketing: Focus on the phenomena!
Authors: Nenonen Suvi
Published: December 2022

This commentary provides three complementary perspectives to the Hunt et al. (2022, in this issue) article “The marketing discipline’s troubled trajectory: The manifesto conversation, candidates for central focus, and prognosis for renewal.” First, the evolution of marketing as an academic discipline should be assessed also in relation to other fields. Second, it is time for an honest stocktake of the wider impact of marketing to societies and the biosphere. Third, an enduring and fruitful sense of community for marketing scholars could be found from marketing phenomena instead of the always contested theoretical perspectives.
Exploring Monological and Dialogical Phases in Naturally Occurring Explanations
Authors: Fisher Josephine B. , Lohmer Vivien , Kern Friederike , Barthlen Winfried , Gaus Sebastian , Rohlfing Katharina J.
Published: December 2022

Recent approaches to Explainable AI (XAI) promise to satisfy diverse user expectations by allowing them to steer the interaction in order to elicit content relevant to them. However, little is known about how and to what extent the explainee takes part actively in the process of explaining. To tackle this empirical gap, we exploratively examined naturally occurring everyday explanations in doctor–patient interactions (N = 11). Following the social design of XAI, we view explanations as emerging in interactions: first, we identified the verbal behavior of both the explainer and the explainee in the sequential context, which we could assign to phases that were either monological or dialogical; second, we investigated in particular who was responsible for the initiation of the different phases. Finally, we took a closer look at the global conversational structure of explanations by applying a context-sensitive model of organizational jobs, thus adding a third layer of analysis. Results show that in our small sample of conversational explanations, both monological and dialogical phases varied in their length, timing of occurrence (at the early or later stages of the interaction) and their initiation (by the explainer or the explainee). They alternated several times in the course of the interaction. However, we also found some patterns suggesting that all interactions started with a monological phase initiated by the explainer. Both conversational partners contributed to the core organizational job that constitutes an explanation. We interpret the results as an indication for naturally occurring everyday explanations in doctor–patient interactions to be co-constructed on three levels of linguistic description: (1) by switching back and forth between monological to dialogical phases that (2) can be initiated by both partners and (3) by the mutual accomplishment and thus responsibility for an explanation’s core job that is crucial for the success of the explanation. Because of the explorative nature of our study, these results need to be investigated (a) with a larger sample and (b) in other contexts. However, our results suggest that future designs of artificial explainable systems should design the explanatory dialogue in such a way that it includes monological and dialogical phases that can be initiated not only by the explainer but also by the explainee, as both contribute to the core job of explicating procedural, clausal, or conceptual relations in explanations.
Eating Your Cake and Having it Too: US Megachurches and Factors Associated with Attending Multiple Congregations
Authors: Corcoran Katie E. , House-Niamke Stephanie M. , Bird Warren , Thumma Scott L.
Published: December 2022

Background

It is typically assumed in the social scientific study of religion that individuals attend one congregation or none. As such, there is scarce research on individuals who attend more than one congregation yet doing so may affect congregational participation.

Purpose

This study theorizes factors affecting whether someone attends multiple congregations and how this might influence congregational volunteering and giving in the context of megachurches. It hypothesizes that parents, those who are single, those of lower socioeconomic status, those who are racially and ethnically minoritized, and those who are not socially embedded in a congregation will be more likely to attend a megachurch and other congregations. It also theorizes competing hypotheses regarding the association between attending multiple congregations and congregational volunteering and giving.

Methods

This study draws on survey data from 12 representative megachurches to test the proposed hypotheses using logistic and ordinal logistic regression models.

Results

Those who are single, those of lower socioeconomic status, those who are racially and ethnically minoritized, and those who are not socially embedded in the megachurch are more likely to attend multiple congregations simultaneously. Attending multiple congregations is negatively associated with congregational volunteering and giving.

Conclusions and Implications

The results demonstrate the need to reconceptualize congregational attendance to recognize that individuals may attend more than one congregation. Accordingly, future surveys should allow respondents to identify attending multiple congregations. The results also highlight how congregations may be negatively impacted by non-exclusive attendees who are less likely to volunteer and give money.
The gendered nature of independence in the context of research funding and excellence
Authors: Schiffbaenker Helene , Haas Marita , Holzinger Florian
Published: December 2022

The notion of junior scientists’ independence has increasingly become relevant in the evaluation of scientific excellence. In this paper, we deconstruct independence—as an element of excellence—in the context of reviewing a prestigious European Research Grant. Conducting qualitative interviews with this grant’s reviewers, we reveal five different dimensions of how reviewers construct the notion of independence: two dimensions are directly linked to the applicants’ relationship to their supervisors: reviewers were talking about independence as a result of emancipation from the applicants’ (former) supervisor and as a concept that researchers need to negotiate with them. Beyond, three topical dimensions of independence could be identified, referring to originality, networks and mobility. We further show that gender is deeply inscribed into these dimensions, especially when reviewers use their own biographical background for assessing the independence of an early career researcher. These experiences are subject to gender bias through (i) individual stereotypical pictures of masculinity and femininity and (ii) the specific norms of scientific disciplines and structures. These individual gendered constructions of independence might give space to gender bias in the assessment of independence and thus of excellence.
Are Soft Legal Measures in Circular Economy Action Plans Enough to Permeate EU Strong Economic Core Regulations Bringing Systemic Sustainable Change?
Authors: Nogueira Alba
Published: December 2022

This paper provides a legal assessment of the EU circular economy action plans [2015, 2020] to determine whether their implementation aims at transformative change or is embedded in the prevailing neoliberal ideology. Measures intended to promote the circular economy (CE) are classified according to their public or private nature, the degree of public or private intervention (command and control, economic instruments, information, self-control). It also analyzes how core EU economic policies shield a narrow, technocratic conception of the CE.
Food-Energy Integration in Primary Production and Food Processing Results in a More Equal Distribution of Economic Value Across Regional Food Systems: Nordic Case Study from Circular Perspective
Authors: Koppelmäki Kari , Hendriks Maartje , Helenius Juha , Kujala Susanna , Schulte Rogier P. O.
Published: December 2022

Circular food systems have been proposed as an alternative to the current dominant linear food chain structures. Biomass production for food and energy and nutrient recycling have been defined as the most important elements of circular food systems. Thus far, the potential role of food processing as a large biomass and energy user has gained little attention in studies of the circular bioeconomy. In this study, we explore how compatible bioenergy production is with the energy consumption of regional food processing and how such integrated systems may impact on the economic value created in regional food systems. We applied the nested circularity framework to three contrasting regions to study from an economic perspective the economic value created in primary production, food processing, and bioenergy production. In addition to this, we also calculated the value of external nutrient and energy inputs used in food production. Our results showed how energy production from agricultural biomasses can provide enough energy for food processing on a regional scale, but that this would require integrating food processing with primary production. As a result of this integration, the economic value created in food processing decreased substantially in two of the case study regions, but in contrast, the value increased in the third case study region. We suggest that regionalized food processing is an integral element of circular food systems, as it plays an important role in closing local and regional cycles of nutrients, food, and energy.