bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender in the Teaching Profession: University Students’ Views of Teaching as a Career
Authors: Tašner Veronika , Žveglič Mojca , Mencin Čeplak Metka
Published: November 2021

The purpose of our research is to gain a better insight into what encourages young adults, in particular young women, to enter the teaching profession. The empirical part of the article is based on a pilot study including 132 students, with data collection being based on a survey approach using a questionnaire. The research attempts to address the context from whichthe desired characteristics of pre-service teachers with regard to their future employment arise. We have therefore tried to single out factors influencing the choice of teaching as a career, and to examine pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards the reputation of female and male teachers. The data obtained confirm the thesis that the predominance of women  in the teaching profession(s) is an effect of the harmonisation of the female respondents’ habitus and their perception of the field they are entering. The perception of the teaching profession as a vocation (calling) that can be linked to the concepts of caring, giving and helping also proves to be very important. The data also confirms the thesis that the orientation towards life and work balance is important to our respondents of both genders.
Assessment Accommodations for Foreign Pupils in the Light of Educational Justice: Empirical Research among Slovenian Primary School Teachers
Authors: Žveglič Mihelič Mojca
Published: November 2021

The starting points of primary school pupils in a foreign country differ significantly from those of native pupils. In Slovenia, the knowledge of pupils who are foreign citizens (foreign pupils) may be assessed with different accommodations for no more than two years. The presented research conducted on a representative sample of 697 Slovenian primary school teachers addresses their perspectives, using a questionnaire, on assessment accommodations for foreign pupils. The following research questions are answered: 1) What are teachers’ perceptions of assessment accommodations for foreign pupils; are there differences between teachers who had recently taught foreign pupils and those who had not? 2) Do generalist teachers have different perceptions than subject teachers do? 3) What kind of assessment accommodations do teachers practice for these pupils after the expiration of the two-year period; do generalist and subject teachers act differently? 4) Do teachers perceive assessment accommodations as being just? We demonstrate that teachers who have recent experience of teaching foreign pupils are more aware of the need for assessment accommodations than those who do not. The majority of the  teachers accommodate assessment and grading even after the two-year period, especially generalist teachers. Additionally, some of them have lower expectations with regard to achieving knowledge standards for these pupils. While the majority of the teachers perceive accommodated assessment as being just, they are unsure of whether the period of allowed adjustments should be longer. This raises the questions about teachers’ understanding of educational justice and the application of the principle of justice in practice.
Process Regulation in the Problem-Solving Processes of Fifth Graders
Authors: Rott Benjamin
Published: November 2021

It is well known that the regulation of processes is an important factor in problem solving from Grade 7 to university level (cf. Mevarech & Kramarski, 1997; Schoenfeld, 1985). We do not, however, know much about the problem-solving competencies of younger children (cf. Heinze, 2007, p. 15). Do the results of studies also hold true for students below Grade 7? The study presented here strongly suggests that metacognition and process regulation is important in Grade 5 as well.The research questions are: How do the (more or less successful) problem-solving processes of fifth graders occur? What is the impact of metacognition and selfregulation on these processes? Are the transitions between phases in the problemsolving process closely connected to metacognitive activities?An analysis of approximately 100 problem-solving processes of fifth graders (aged 10–12) from German secondary schools will be used to help answer these questions. The videotapes that supplied the raw data were parsed into phases called episodes using an adapted version of the “protocol analysis framework” by Schoenfeld (1985, ch. 9). The junctures between these episodes were additionally coded with the “system for categorizing metacognitive activities” by Cohors-Fresenborg and Kaune (2007a). There is a strong correlation between(missing) process regulation and success (or failure) in the problem-solving attempts. Concluding suggestions are given for the implementation of the results in school teaching. These suggestions are currently being tested.
The Benefits of Management and Organisation: A Case Study in Young Language Learners’ Classrooms
Authors: Giannikas Christina Nicole
Published: November 2021

This study focuses on primary language education within a Greek region: specifically, on the positive effects of classroom management and organisation on a student-centred approach of teaching. In the case of the Greek education system, language teachers are encouraged to adopt student-centred approaches in their classroom but have not received any guidance on how to do so. Language educators are reluctant to abandon their teacher-centred ways, because they have not been trained to apply classroom management and organisation techniques that could support a student-centred environment.
Kurikularna prenova slovenske likovne vzgoje v osnovni šoli z vidika nekaterih sestavin evropske kompetence kulturne zavesti in izražanja (prevod prispevka)
Authors: Bračun Sova Rajka , Kemperl Metoda
Published: November 2021

Eno izmed pomembnih izhodišč zadnje kurikularne prenove v Sloveniji, ki je zajela sistemska vprašanja vzgoje in izobraževanja (Bela knjiga, 2011) in učne načrte za obvezne predmete v osnovni šoli, je dejstvo, da je Slovenija integrirana v Evropo, zato naj bi v vzgojo in izobraževanje vključili tudi razvijanje temeljnih evropskih kompetenc. Ena teh je kulturna zavest in izražanje, ki je bila pri nas do zdaj predmet obravnave bolj v okviru kulturne kot pa šolske politike. Namen prispevka je kritično analizirati kurikularno prenovo likovne vzgoje, v okviru katere se z vidika nekaterih sestavin kompetence kulturne zavesti in izražanja predvideva, da učenec usvoji znanje o likovni umetnosti, razvije zmožnost doživljanja likovnih umetnin in oblikuje ustvarjalen odnos do likovne umetnosti in (umetnostne) dediščine. Ker je izhodišče in cilj kurikularnega spreminjanja kurikulum, sva pri analizi izhajali iz teorij kurikuluma in ne likovnopedagoških teorij, ki so pretežno okvirjale dozdajšnje poskuse analize kurikuluma. Kritičen razmislek o kurikularni prenovi likovne vzgoje v osnovni šoli z vidika nekaterih sestavin kompetence kulturne zavesti in izražanja sva tako naredili s primerjavo učnih načrtov na področju umetnosti oziroma estetske vzgoje, in sicer sva likovno vzgojo primerjali z glasbeno vzgojo in s književnostjo v okviru slovenščine. Kvalitativna analiza je pokazala, da učni načrt za likovno vzgojo kljub prenovi ne udejanja izbranih sestavinkompetence kulturne zavesti in izražanja, vzroke pa gre pripisati predvsem njegovi konceptualni strukturiranosti. Likovna vzgoja se osredotoča na likovno ustvarjanje, spoznavanje likovne umetnosti pa je zanemarjeno področje. Združevanje predmetov na področju umetnosti v šoli, ki ga predlaga Bela knjiga, zaradi obstoječega modela likovne vzgoje niti ni mogoče, analiza pa je s praktičnega vidika odprla tudi vprašanje znanja in kompetenc učiteljev.
Immigrant Students’ Achievements in Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia in Context
Authors: Šori Iztok , Šušterič Nika , Gaber Slavko
Published: November 2021

Achievement gaps between immigrant and native students indicate failure to assure educational equity in the majority of countries assessed by the Programme for International Student Assessment in 2009 (PISA, 2009). The present article explains disparate achievement results in Europe, first testing the hypothesis of old and new democracies. In further contextualisation of the achievement results, the analysis seeks explanations beyond the common education system explanatory model. Specifically, the article considers results from Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia, highlighting the significance of language distance between native and immigrant students as well as migration regimes as important factors in creating or reducing the achievement gap between native and immigrant students. Evidence has been found that immigrant students score worse in countries with guest labour immigration regimes than in the countries with large scale forced immigration of people of the same ethnic(linguistic) origin.
Rethinking the Role of Pedagogical Assistants: Establishing Cooperation between Roma Families and Schools in Serbia
Authors: Starčević Jelena , Dimitrijević Bojana , Macura Milovanović Sunčica
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to examine the risks and challenges related to cooperation of pedagogical assistants (PAs) with Roma parents/families and working with Roma pupils, as well as to offer further insight into ways to overcome the risks and challenges. Roma pupils and parents/families face numerous difficulties in education, which are reflected in prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination. The educational policy measure of introducing PAs, formerly known as Roma teaching assistants, to the educational system of Serbia, aimed to contribute to the learning and social participation of  Roma pupils and establishing cooperation between school staff and Roma parents. The further segregation of Roma pupils and reduced engagement of the teachers in supporting Roma pupils and fostering communication with Roma parents are seen as the possible risks that could be related to the engagement of PAs. In order to minimize the risks we are proposing a framework for defining and understanding the roles of teachers and PAs from intercultural perspective. Relying upon two concepts  ̶  intercultural sensitivity (IS) and intercultural competence (IC), we elaborate the necessity of perceiving cultural differences in accordance with the ethnorelative worldview, both by the teachers and PAs. In addition, we outline the cognitive, affective and behavioural aspects of IC, which we believe they should possess. Further recommendations regarding the engagement of PAs and minimizing the risks and challenges are proposed.
Lifeworld-Oriented Family Support
Authors: Razpotnik Špela , Turnšek Nada , Rapuš Pavel Jana , Poljšak Škraban Olga
Published: November 2021

Since the spring of 2014, the authors of this article, joined by a wider group of students, have been dedicated to researching vulnerable families and their involvement with education systems. In the initial phase, we explored the experiences and challenges that these families face and how they understand and address these challenges. Next, we were interested in the forms of support that these families receive, how the network of educational and social welfare services responds to their needs, and the quality of their cooperation.We found that both the families and the expert services experience dissatisfaction when it comes to their cooperation: families often feel that they are being sent from one door to another with their problems, which remain unaddressed, while expert services feel that they cannot cope with the problems of vulnerable families, problems that they view as insoluble.Our pivotal finding is therefore that it is vital to develop more flexible and consistent forms of support that respond to the concerns and challenges of the daily lives of vulnerable families (Razpotnik et al. 2015). In the action research reported on in the present article, we have focused on investigating the development of a newly emerging flexible and comprehensiveform of family support that was co-initiated by ourselves (the researchers)  and primarily implemented by volunteers and NGO workers. The main characteristics of this support are flexibility, presence in the daily lives of the family, building a cooperative relationship, and prioritising the dynamics and needs of the family rather than the formal demands of organisations and institutions.The article delineates the emerging approach of lifeworld-oriented support, which is implemented and reported on first and foremost by the volunteers involved. Lifeworld-oriented support is a supplementary addition to conventional forms of family support, represented and reported on predominantly by representatives of educational and social welfare organisations.
University Teachers’ Opinions about Higher Education Pedagogical Training Courses in Slovenia
Authors: Aškerc Veniger Katarina
Published: November 2021

Pedagogical training courses (PTCs) for university teachers have often been discussed and have become a widespread trend in recent years in many countries. Many university teachers consider pedagogical training (PT) as a valuable tool in their teaching practice. In Slovenia, however, there is little evidence of teachers’ opinions and beliefs regarding PTCs.2Many authors consider the effect of PTCs in higher education (HE) on teaching questionable, but there is also evidence of the positive impact of PTCs on university teaching. The results of the present survey show that there are statistically significant differences in teachers’ opinions on initial and sustained PTCs. Formal education for teaching in primary and/or secondary schools is often considered as appropriate for teaching in HE. The respondents with higher titles attributed the lowest importance to sustained PTCs. Those involved in (short) PTCs attributed less importance to PT, as well as to the certificate of participation in PT in comparison to the respondents who were not involved in PTCs. On the other hand, the respondents with the highest participation in PT (51 hours and more) are more in favour of PTCs, which confirms the preliminary findings that courses of longer duration provide more opportunities to affect teachers’ pedagogical thinking and conceptions of teaching and learning in comparison to shorter courses.
Yoga Communities in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Examining Spirituality, Secularism, and Consumerism in the Wellington Yoga Industry
Authors:   , Tilley Ali Hale
Published: November 2021

This ethnographic study looks at the Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) yoga industry, examining the ways that spirituality, secularism, and consumerism influence modern yoga practices. This study argues that people in New Zealand choose yoga practices for different ethical, physical, and social reasons, reflecting their diverse sociocultural values. More specifically, data gathered during fieldwork shows that the Wellington yoga industry contains at least three community subcultures, which I refer to as: 1) moral communities, 2) corporate communities, and 3) brand communities. This means that at the level of local culture, the NZ yoga industry represents a wide range of yoga practices, which in turn reflect the diverse needs, consumer expectations, and imagined ideals of resident populations. Interdisciplinary literature from Religious Studies, Sociology, and Consumer Marketing Research help analyze the complex connections between spirituality as a set of embodied practices, secularisation of yoga as a reflection of corporate culture, and consumerism as a set of desired customer experiences. Yoga in NZ is currently under-researched, making this study a starting point for further inquiry.
Patterns of Consolidation
Authors:   , Syme Oliver
Published: November 2021

This thesis uses design based research to meet the challenge of urban densification. It proposes an approach for higher density housing development that enhances livability, achieves compactness and responds to a city’s unique landscape. To accommodate an increasing amount of people within the city, strategies and experimentation into the density of built form contributing to the urban fabric must be explored. The design based research addresses how improvements can be made upon an existing site through the reconfiguration of built form with an analysis into density, topography, existing natural ecologies and the key components fundamental to a successful urban and public realm.
'Making' A Statement - Exploration of 3D Printing Technologies as a form of Customisation and Ownership in Urban Spaces
Authors:   , Bagley Mark
Published: November 2021

Ownership of urban space has been heavily contested in recent years by prominent artists, policy-makers and citizens alike. From Shephard Fairey and his condemnation of corporate culture in public space, to Banksy and his use of imagery as a form of political activism, the presence of 2D media in urban environments has become increasingly relevant. This research summarises recent advances in our thinking about space and place, and seeks the potential opportunities for customisation and taking ownership of these spaces to create a socially engaging, collaborative environment for the creative city (Florida, 2003). By using street art and graffiti culture as a model for creative inclusivity, this research explores the effects of new forms of data collection and configuration and the design opportunities they present. In doing so, this research hopes to promote discussion and debate into how we may use new media such as 3D printing and computer-generated imagery to make provocative statements and elicit responses.  To explore 3D printing as a means of customising and taking ownership of space, this research identifies recurring themes in traditional 2D media, as well as manifestations of 3D and 4D media in urban spaces. This background research is documented in a taxonomy of precedents combined with a technology review and observational research in the field. This background research provides a context for researching through design in the form of iterative physical experimentation and reflection. Beginning with abstract experimentation, the first stage of testing digital making technologies identifies opportunities provided by different software, materials, scanning and 3D printing itself, at all different scales and resolutions. This active process of making also tests the visual languages and aesthetics afforded by the technologies, particularly parametric modelling techniques as well as low resolution models with new visual qualities. By applying the knowledge gained from the abstract experimentation and observational research, different issues surrounding the urban context are identified and responded to using 3D technologies. These responses are carefully articulated to ensure that they are not only ‘of the street’ but also ‘of the technology’ and thereby serve as examples of ‘making meaning’ through 3D media in an urban context.
Investigating online shopping behaviour on mobile and fixed devices: The impact of scarcity and popularity cues
Authors:   , Hoffman Tessa
Published: November 2021

Smartphones have become ubiquitous in consumers’ lives and have been identified as an important online channel. However, consumers have indicated a preference for purchasing products through their fixed devices, such as computers, and few studies have investigated situations where consumers might indicate greater purchase intentions on their mobile devices. This research examines the influence of scarcity messages and popularity cues on purchase intention in the context of online shopping. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the differences between consumers using mobile and fixed devices.  Study one was a 3 (scarcity: limited quantity vs limited time vs no scarcity) x 2 (device: fixed vs smartphone) between-subjects design (N = 236). Study one found that in an online shopping context, limited-quantity scarcity messages (e.g. limited stock available) had a negative effect on purchase intention regardless of the consumer’s device. Furthermore, a consumer’s scepticism of advertising moderated the relationship. Perceived risk of online shopping was found to moderate the relationship between device and purchase intention.  Study two was a 2 (scarcity: limited quantity vs no scarcity) x 2 (popularity: ranking vs no ranking) x 2 (device: fixed vs smartphone) between-subjects design (N = 244). The study showed that a popularity cue had a positive effect on purchase intention. However, scarcity had no effect on purchase intention. Consumers in the smartphone conditions also had lower purchase intentions but this was not impacted by the inclusion of a scarcity message or popularity cue. Interestingly, credibility of the content did not moderate the relationships between scarcity and purchase intention, or popularity ranking and purchase intention.  These findings suggest that online scarcity messages do not increase purchase intention, in contrast to previous offline studies. The moderating role of scepticism on the scarcity message and purchase intention relationship indicates that consumers are suspicious of scarcity messages in an online context. However, it appears popularity cues enhance consumer purchase intentions online. Neither a scarcity message or a popularity cue increased purchase intention on a smartphone. The research demonstrates that scarcity messages are not as effective online as they have been shown to be in an offline context and that further research is required to understand how to increase consumer purchase intentions when shopping on a smartphone.
Endemic Light
Authors:   , Tyrrell Sarah
Published: November 2021

This thesis explores endemic light and atmosphere through the shifting scales of three architectural interventions. These interventions are guided by site and theoretical research, providing justification for the notion of endemic light. This notion develops upon the concept of site specific architecture and place. It is the synthesis of site context – combining both ephemeral and phenomenological qualities to create engaging and evocative architectural experiences. Analysis of the Mackenzie Basin site established an overarching understanding of the atmospheric, physical, social and historical contexts of the area. Peter Zumthor, Steven Holl, Juhani Pallasmaa and Christian Norberg-Schulz provide key justifications for the theoretical investigation of light, atmosphere, and place; as well as ongoing precedence for the research through design process.  This process explores three interventions, moving up in scale from an installation, to a domestic dwelling, and finally a public building. The installation operates at an interactive scale, exploring abstract concepts of condensing light within a space, through manipulation of light, colour and texture. The domestic scale expands on this research, developing condensed light and atmosphere at a habitable scale. Through designing for light and atmosphere the dwelling becomes a device for endemic atmospheric experiences in a domestic context. The final scale explores a public building in the form of a town centre for Twizel. This intervention adapts the notion of condensing light within interior spaces, instead exploring at an urban scale, intensifying them externally through courtyards and exterior building form. The thesis concludes, that successful and immersive architectural experiences are generated through strong ephemeral and phenomenological connections and engagement with site and endemic light.
Data driven design: An investigation into the fit between the individuality of people and the uniformity of mass manufactured items
Authors:   , Christensen Alex Svend
Published: November 2021

Due to the economic advantage of mass manufacturing technology humans have designed a world of products built for the average body size and shape. This conformity of diverse body shapes to fixed 3 dimensional forms raises the question for this research; how can 3D scanning and additive manufacturing (AM) create a personal fit between an individual’s body and a product?  This question challenges a tool driven standardised approach to manufacture by exploring the interface between a person and a mass produced product, in this case a motorcycle rider and a motorcycle. By taking advantage of digital data and the tool-less build process of 3D printing, every object produced can be different, tailoring it to the customer’s individual aesthetic or physical fit.  This investigation into the space between the motorcycle and the human has produced a custom 3D printed seat designed for and inspired by the unique physicality of the individual rider. The following methods are employed. 3D scanning is used to obtain the geometry of the human form and motorcycle, 3D modelling and 3D printing to generate and evaluate ideas and concepts, and a pressure measurement system to evaluate the riders comfort and fit.  This new relationship between body and object, rarely seen in mass produced products, questions the way we design and make products with consideration towards digital personalisation and manufacturing efficiency.
Car sharing in Wellington, New Zealand: Benefits and barriers
Authors:   , Sobiecki Lucia
Published: November 2021

Sprawling urban development and high levels of car dependency in New Zealand have resulted in a range of adverse impacts, including increased greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Car sharing can support compact development and sustainable transport patterns by providing a potential alternative to car ownership. Despite the increasing popularity of car sharing overseas, it is still in the early stages of development in New Zealand. There is a growing body of international literature about car sharing; however, very little has been written about car sharing in the New Zealand context. This thesis contributes to the literature by exploring car sharing in Wellington. This study has adopted a mixed method approach, surveying Wellington residents about car sharing and interviewing car share stakeholders. The findings from this research indicate that car sharing is a transport innovation which offers Wellington significant benefits. Perhaps most importantly, car sharing can reduce car ownership and usage, which in turn can help reduce congestion, demand for parking and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, this study provides evidence that the people most interested in car sharing in Wellington have similar characteristics to car share members overseas. This includes younger people, apartment dwellers, households without children, and people who use a car occasionally but do not necessarily own one. This thesis also highlights that car sharing is complementary to alternative modes of transport, and underlines the close connection between car sharing and modern technologies such as automated booking. The findings from this research indicate that car share providers face a range of barriers, including access to public parking and financial assistance. Progress has already been made to remove barriers facing car sharing but more support for car sharing could allow Wellington to take full advantage of its benefits.
Using in-game biofeedback to induce player serenity
Authors:   , Ji Kunyang
Published: November 2021

Video games no longer predominantly emphasize mere entertainment or excitement, they now investigate more complex emotions. As a new dimension of player input, biofeedback (University of Maryland Baltimore Washington Medical Center, 2015) can be used to track a player’s body signals in real-time. This biofeedback can impact a player’s experience during gameplay and making a game affective.  This research aims to design game mechanics to connect game environments with a player’s physiological data, and to thereby trigger a serene gameplay experience. The development process was based on 1) game design strategies for inducing serenity, 2) design methods for biofeedback interaction in video games. Combined with these theoretical approaches, this research followed an iterative design process by prototyping, observations, individual interviews, questionnaires, and data analysis.  The player’s physiological information was detected through three types of sensor: A heart rate (HR) sensor, a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor, and a webcam with a software library for facial expressions. The game system adopted certain design elements such as color schemes to communicate the biological information these sensors gathered.  There are two hypotheses in this research. One is that the adjustments of the game environment based on the player's physiological information can impact the relationship between the player and the game. The other one is that changing the game environment’s color schemes according to the player’s physiological data can strengthen their emotions.  The final output was a brief (2-5 minutes) 3D exploration game attached with sensors to players. The game contained abstract nature-related visual elements and non-competitive mechanics that were applicable for biofeedback-based interaction. The result of final prototype showed that the nature-related elements and the adjustments of the color schemes in the game helped make players feel serene. The biofeedback-based interactions were effective because they helped some players feel more connected to the game. Ultimately, this work is expected to make the player experience more personal rather than generic and improve the game’s replayability.
Design and pacific
Authors:   , Parker Potoi Meraz
Published: November 2021

This research explores how Pacific and contemporary cultures cohesively blend through 3D printing to create a new identity for Pacific people. The project seeks to further the development of concerning issues surrounding Identity and diabetes within Pacific communities. Foreign preconceptions about the Pacific are been challenged here to create a new identity about the Pacific from a Pacific perspective. The extraction of these Pacific motifs will be explored through a Design realm, 3D printing, which contribute to the development of a contemporary Pacific.  The project seeks to explore the effects of type 1 diabetes on adolescents. In particular, with the managing and storage of their diabetic equipment’s while outside of home care. Pressures of adolescent years is added when diabetes is present, which can cause physiological disadvantages. Bike riding will be the scenario of choice, where storage kits for bikes are 3D printed. Pacific patterning is encouraged to help with the 3D printing process, the familiarity of Pacific patterning is to inspire my Pacific people in becoming active with diabetes. Participants will be used in this research to gain feedback and further the design, giving them a sense of autonomy through unique storage kits, portraying their identity.  Inspiration is drawn from my heritage, which is explored through my contemporary environment (Design), to portray my identity as a Pacific designer. This is evident throughout my experimentation whereas the incorporation of Pacific patterning and themes influence the final design.
Comfortable contemplation
Authors:   , McEwan Joe
Published: November 2021

Through the design of memorial baths on the West Coast, this thesis proposes that through an increased understanding and interpretation of place identity, memorialisation can precipitate a process of understanding and healing. This process leads the visitor to gain a heightened level of mental wellbeing.  This research sheds light on, and provides an alternative to, the present state of memorials in New Zealand, identifying them as places to heal. It provides a solution of a memorial that connects people, their thoughts and memories to architecture. This is achieved through the application of the Kessler – Kübler-Ross model by facilitating participants’ experience of grief through the bargaining, depression and acceptance stages.  This thesis proposes an architectural solution that sufficiently memorializes lost gold miners of the West Coast and their way of life. It also enquires into the somewhat aberrant architectural culture and identity of the West Coast and identifies methods of preserving this architectural regionalism before it is lost. This quickly disappearing West Coast identity and architectural regionalism becomes a further stimulant for memorialisation. The architectural form and composition respond to mining history and the miner’s way of life.  This memorial, located deep within the Southern Alps hosts a series of natural thermal baths and contemplative spaces that prompt reflection and inner thought, transporting the visitor toward an improved level of mental wellbeing through a means of triggering memory, and providing spaces that prompt contemplation.
The Pliocene-Pleistocene Development, Uplift and Emergence History of the Manawatu Strait, New Zealand
Authors:   , Milner Aidan
Published: November 2021

The Manawatu Saddle is located within the structural and topographical low separating the Ruahine and Tararua axial ranges of the lower North Island. Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary rocks unconformably drape over Cretaceous aged basement rock in the structural low and record the existence of a paleo seaway known as the Manawatu Strait, which connected the West Coast (Whanganui Basin) to the East Coast (Ruataniwha Strait). The sedimentary sequence shows a succession of alternating marine and terrestrial units recording the development of the Manawatu Strait. These sedimentary rock formations range in age from Opoitian to Castlecliffian.   This study investigates the stratigraphy, lithofacies and resulting geological history of the Manawatu Strait spanning the development, uplift and final emergence history of the strait. Five key measured sections were constructed to take advantage of new outcrop exposure allowed detailed descriptions of the Manawatu Saddle geology to be presented. Four formations are identified and the formation boundary overlaps between past authors is constrained based on field observations. The age range for each formation is also constrained. Based on these results for the first time a detailed lithofacies scheme is applied to the sedimentary rocks within the Manawatu Saddle to understand the changing depositional environments within the Manawatu Strait throughout its development and uplift. A series of 3D schematic paleogeographic figures are presented showing the depositional environments within the Manawatu Strait, at key time intervals.   Results highlighted by this thesis show four major formations within the Manawatu Saddle. The oldest formation, the Mangatoro Formation (Opoitian), records the initial formation of the Manawatu Strait attributed to a regional subsidence event known as the Tangahoe pull down event. The Mangatoro Formation also shows sedimentary deposited during peak marine transgression within the Manawatu Strait. The Te Aute Formation (Waipipian-Mangapanian) provides an insight into the uplift timing of the axial ranges and the resulting effect on the Manawatu Strait. The Kumeroa Formation (Nukumaruan) shows the influence of eustatic sea level change in the Manawatu Saddle. The youngest formation within the Manawatu Saddle is the Mangatarata Formation (Castlecliffian), and marks the final uplift and emergence of the Manawatu Strait, indicated by the presence of marginal marine lithofacies this also marks the final separation of the West Coast (Rauataniwha Strait) and West Coast (Whanganui Basin).
Rainwater's Well-come: Resettling former refugees into New Zealand
Authors:   , Stronach Lucy
Published: November 2021

There are now an unprecedented number of refugees world-wide. The global impact of this is felt in New Zealand, with the refugee quota set to increase in 2018. The refugee crisis is an important design problem that architects must engage with as refugees are a particularly vulnerable group of people. Typically refugees have been assimilated into New Zealand society, however it is known that this process can cause psychological harm.  This thesis seeks to investigate how architecture can thoughtfully and compassionately engage with refugee communities through a design-led investigation which will explore how a dwelling can meet specific cultural and spatial needs while providing opportunities for self-employment, and how a space which is specifically designed for refugee needs can embrace diversity and create opportunities for intercultural dialogue in the wider community.  To investigate this, a sociological framework is used as a lens to examine methods of integration which provide potential ways for architecture to be manifested. Refugees often arrive with few economic resources and can be more reliant on the state and their surrounding communities. The biggest issue felt over long-term resettlement for refugees is a lack of employment which has a direct impact as they don’t have enough money to meet their everyday needs. This can also contribute to a negative public opinion about refugees.  To address this issue, this thesis seeks to investigate how a hybrid building type, the shop-house, could be explored to provide refugees a dwelling that could meet their specific cultural and spatial needs and create potential opportunities for self-employment, self-determination and intercultural contact. The shop-house is a fundamental feature of a city, and can provide an economic foothold for people of all economic means. However, this thesis discovers its limitations and explores an alternative option to allow a refugee community to put down roots and make a new life in a new country which also enriches the host community.
Doors and Chords: Explorations from Music to Architecture
Authors:   , Platt Harrison
Published: November 2021

Architecture and music have a long intertwining history.These respective creative forces many times have collaborated into monumental place, harboured rich occasion, been catalyst for cultural movement and defined generations. Together they transcend their respective identities. From dinky local church to monstrous national stadia, together they are an intense concentration, a powerfully addictive dosage where architecture is the place, music is the faith, and people are the reason.  Music is a programme that architecture often celebrates in poetic and grand fashion; a superficial excuse to symbolise their creative parallels. But their relationship is much richer and holds more value than just the opportunity to attempt architectural metaphor.While music will always overshadow the architecture in the sense of a singular event, architecture is like the soundman behind the mixing desk. It’s not the star front and centre grabbing your attention, but is responsible for framing the star. It is the foundational backdrop, a critical pillar. Great architecture can help make great music. In this sense music is a communication of architecture, it is the ultimate creative function.  Christchurch, New Zealand, is a city whose story changed in an instant. The seismic events of 2010 and 2011 have become the overriding subject of its historical narrative, as it will be for years to come. Disaster redefines place (the town of Napier, struck by an earthquake in 1931, exemplifies this). There is no quantifiable justification for an exploration of architecture and music within the context of Christchurch. The Town Hall, one of New Zealand’s most architecturally significant buildings, is under repair. The Christ Church Cathedral will more than likely be rebuilt to some degree of its former self. But these are echoes of the city that Christchurch was.They are saved because they are artefact. Evidence of history.This thesis makes the argument for the new, the better than before, and for the making of opportunity from disaster, by proposing a ‘new’ town hall, conceived from the sound of old.
Building reuse and sustainable behaviours: Nurturing occupant behaviours towards a sustainable reuse of existing buildings
Authors:   , Bartley Georgia
Published: November 2021

This proposition will address the identified problem of deteriorating built environments through designing a sustainable reinvigoration. This type of reinvigoration instils not only the value of sustainability in reuse, but is known to succeed when designs result in the ‘triple bottom line’ effect of increased social, economic, and environmental values (“Triple Bottom Line”, 2009).  This proposition intends to explore a fourth bottom line. One to engage with people outside of the site, to extend beyond the prescribed boundaries and behaviours, and to go away with people within the mind of the beholder. To introduce the fourth bottom line is to address the psychology of sustainable practice surrounding the built environment. Integrating this principle will deliver a design response that aims to be sustainable, and regenerative in the teachings and demonstrations that can provide inception of sustainable practices within the wider society.  This proposition will explore a discussion between two pre-existing enquiries;   - sustainable reclamation of existing built environments   - pro-environmental behaviour and sustainable psychologies  The existing built environment along the western shore of Watts Peninsula, known as Shelly Bay, was home to the New Zealand Defence Force Base for over 125 years. Since its retirement from government use in 1995, its re-development has been setback by policy, a division of land tenure, and member approval from its governing body (Jackman, 2014). Since the retirement, the infrastructure and existing built environment have been progressively deteriorating.  A sustainable reinvigoration of this site will succeed in savings of the existing culture, expenses and heritage while positioning an adapted environment that could be utilised by the wider society. Moreover, this proposal could be designed to inform sustainable psychology while achieving increased or realised social, economic, and environmental values.  This design as research thesis will explore the existing site to determine contextual and psychological effects that are influencing the degradation of the environment.  The identified problem(s) will then provide parameters for the designed reinvigoration and through an analysis of the pre-existing principles, a proposed design criterion will be applied to the designed concept.
Algorithmic Design in Hybrid Housing Systems
Authors:   , Paulin Robert
Published: November 2021

This thesis utilises digital tools to explore notions of flexibility and resilience in the New Zealand suburban house typology. Through aligning with culturally specific paradigms found in traditional Māori Papakāinga settlements, the research questions current western models of community and connectedness through digital simulations. The methodology brings together social, cultural and climactic forces as key influences to internal domestic programme and overall form.  The design process is informed by occupancy requirements associated with family types and projected domestic behaviour. This is mapped to cumulative weather data in relation to location and context. Buildable form is therefore a reflection of site specific conditions and planning in relation to various social configurations influenced by culture and community. A key aspect of this research is the creation of a residential model for multi-generational living. Long term adaptability of this residential model is established through planning for future organic expansion & contraction within the development through the careful consideration of modular building platforms that can deal with varying degrees of social diversity.  This design research is largely influenced by pre-Socratic theorists and architects working on translating social, geographical and cultural information into data that can inform computational design and simulations. This form of design interpretation through mathematics has arguably stemmed from the birth of calculus in the 17th century, whereby a formula is used to clarify equations with a multitude of variables often represented by Letters and symbols. Utilizing this knowledge in computer aided design (CAD) allows a designer to produce an equation that represents the process from data to design. Aligning design to the mathematical systems allows the work to represent a quantified, systematic depiction of information as opposed to the romanticized view of the ‘Genius Architect’. The workflow and theory behind this research solidifies the role of algorithmic design in architecture and testing the plausibility of these theories in a housing system. While being largely based on the theories of multi-agent systems and algorithmic design, this system also outlines a modular building technology that embellishes design diversity and flexibility.  The architecture proposed utilizes parametric design tools and the concept of housing types in a state of flux, whereby the singular entity of the home is considered as part of a much wider collection of housing situations which is forever changing. By adopting the ecological approach seen in nature we allow the space for intergenerational, bicultural living arrangements that have the flexibility to respond to changes without diminishing the flow of social domains.
Violent Trajectories: A Cultural History of the Enfield Rifle in the British Empire
Authors:   , Thompson Daniel M.
Published: November 2021

This thesis explores the material, cultural, and political significance of the Enfield rifle in the British Empire from c. 1850 to 1870. Unravelling the weapon’s links with imperial ideology and violence, it argues that the Enfield helped to produce discourses of race, gender, and civilisation during this era. Furthermore, it contends that these discourses shaped the ways in which Britons viewed the Enfield and influenced how they saw themselves. The rifle is best known for its well-chronicled role in the 1857 Indian Rebellion, where it was central to British narratives of the conflict. While acknowledging the Indian context, this thesis aims to draw the Enfield deeper into debates about British imperial culture, comparing the rifle’s physical and discursive influence across a range of imperial spaces.  The Enfield rifle was one of the most important weapons of the nineteenth century. The product of a revolution in rifle technology, it amazed the British public and military with its accuracy and range. The weapon’s invention prompted the introduction of large scale factory production techniques in Britain. It also stimulated a massive rethinking of military tactics and was a central component of the militarisation of British society during the 1850s and 1860s. The Enfield then had extensive use in conflicts including the Crimean War, the Indian Rebellion, the New Zealand Wars, and the American Civil War. It also found a home in the burgeoning Volunteer Movement in Britain and New Zealand.  Through its use in these arenas, the Enfield had a considerable physical impact on the British Empire, but it had even greater discursive significance. During the 1850s and 1860s, discussions about the Enfield’s invention, production, and usage promoted ideas of rationality, modern science, and individualism. After the 1857 Indian Rebellion, the rifle came to epitomise British technological might and racial ‘superiority’ in the minds of Victorians. The Volunteer Force, established in 1859, embraced the Enfield as its weapon of choice and conceived of it as a weapon that embodied the Force’s values of skill, education and respectability. In the New Zealand Wars however, the rifle failed to bring the decisive victories many settlers expected, and they began to disparage the weapon as a result. Nevertheless, the Enfield was still deeply implicated in the contested process of colonisation in New Zealand. Ultimately, the Enfield’s role in these events transformed the weapon into a deeply raced and gendered object.