bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ENTIRE VIRIAL RADIUS OF THE FOSSIL CLUSTER RXJ 1159 + 5531. II. DARK MATTER AND BARYON FRACTION
Authors: Buote David A. , Su Yuanyuan , Gastaldello Fabio , Brighenti Fabrizio
Published: July 2016

In this second paper on the entire virial region of the relaxed fossil cluster RXJ 1159+5531, we present a hydrostatic analysis of the azimuthally averaged hot intracluster medium (ICM) using the results of Su et al. For a model consisting of ICM, stellar mass from the central galaxy (BCG), and an NFW dark matter (DM) halo, we obtain a good description of the projected radial profiles of ICM emissivity and temperature that yield precise constraints on the total mass profile. The BCG stellar mass component is clearly detected with a K-band stellar mass-to-light ratio,

, consistent with stellar population synthesis models for a Milky Way initial mass function. We obtain a halo concentration,

, and virial mass,

. For its mass, the inferred concentration is larger than most relaxed halos produced in cosmological simulations with Planck parameters, consistent with RXJ 1159+5531 forming earlier than the general halo population. The baryon fraction at r
200,

, is slightly below the Planck value (0.155) for the universe. However, when we take into account the additional stellar baryons associated with non-central galaxies and the uncertain intracluster light (ICL),

increases by

, consistent with the cosmic value and therefore no significant baryon loss from the system. The total mass profile is nearly a power law over a large radial range (∼0.2–10 R

e
), where the corresponding density slope α obeys the

scaling relation for massive early-type galaxies. Performing our analysis in the context of MOND still requires a large DM fraction (

at r = 100 kpc) similar to that obtained using the standard Newtonian approach. The detection of a plausible stellar BCG mass component distinct from the NFW DM halo in the total gravitational potential suggests that

represents the mass scale above which dissipation is unimportant in the formation of the central regions of galaxy clusters.
État des lieux de la Responsabilité Sociétale des Entreprises au Cameroun
Authors: Moskolaï Doumagay Donatienne , Tsapi Victor , Feudjo Jules Roger
Published: July 2016

Au Cameroun, le débat sur la RSE fait tache d’huile tant dans le discours du milieu des affaires, des autorités publiques que dans celui des chercheurs. Face aux revendications faites, de plus en plus, par les groupes de pressions, l’entreprise cherche à se légitimer auprès de ses principales parties prenantes. La Responsabilité Sociétale de l’Entreprise (RSE) est désormais la préoccupation de toute entreprise qui se veut pérenne. Cette étude exploratoire a pour objectif de clarifier ce concept et de présenter l’état des lieux de la RSE dans les entreprises camerounaises. Elle a été menée auprès de 96 entreprises. Les principaux résultats ont permis de ressortir quatre attitudes et stratégies face à la RSE.
Assessing Team Learning Practices in Project/Design Based Learning Approach
Authors: Chandrasekaran Sivachandran , Al-Ameri Riyadh
Published: July 2016

Team learning is considered as a constructive way for enhancing students learning in collaborative environment. It involves interaction between students through peer-to-peer learning, which makes students to be problem solver, an excellent communicator, a good reviewer and a manager. The School of Engineering at Xxx University practices project/design based learning as one of its learning and teaching approach. The project/design based learning process helps students to be self directed leaners which enhances the student learning outcomes towards attaining graduate career expected skills. An Overarching goal of this study is assessing the team learning experiences of cohort of students from third year civil undergraduate engineering in a project/design based learning approach at Xxx University. From the students’ experiences and views, this study will investigate and visualize the students choice of a unique team learning practice which enhances their learning outcomes in project/design based curriculum.
Klagenfurt School of Engineering Pedagogy by Adolf Melezinek as the Basis of Teaching Engineering
Authors: Rüütmann Tiia , Kipper Hants
Published: July 2016

Engineering Pedagogy is an interdisciplinary scientific subject and an essential element of the system of engineering education. The article is dedicated to the work of Adolf Melezinek, the founder of Engineering Pedagogy and the main principles of Kalgenfurt School of Engineering Pedagogy. Curriculum design and technical teacher education in Estonia is based on Melezinek’s work. A decision-making model by Urve Läänemets, closely connected to Melezinek’s work and the Model of Flexible Technical Teacher Education and contemporary methodology are introduced.
Issues of Convergence
Authors: Adhikary Maniklal , Khatun Melisha
Published: July 2016

There is no point to disagree that inequality in recent time has come up as a growing social predicament in the world. This chapter endeavors to look into the issue of convergence in terms of per capita gross domestic product, infant mortality rate, life expectancy at birth and Human Development Index among eight member countries of South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) during the time frame 1990-2013. There has been an evidence of strong absolute beta divergence in terms of per capita gross domestic product and infant mortality rate. But the beta convergence in terms of life expectancy at birth and HDI has also been empirically evidenced. Strong evidence of conditional beta divergence conditioning on infant mortality rate exists in terms of PCGDP only for the time period 1990-1995. Sigma divergence implying dispersion among the countries in terms of PCGDP and IMR has risen over time. But sigma convergence has been found to exist for LEB and HDI.
The Environmentalism and Politics of Climate Change
Authors: Duruji Moses Metumara , Urenma Duruji-Moses Favour
Published: July 2016

This study examined the environmentalism and politics of climate change by undertaking a study of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) focusing on the Kyoto Protocol document and the UNFCCC conferences held after Kyoto that has centered on how to garner consensus on the way forward for the global community. The study also probed why the agreement at Kyoto, Japan started having problems when a change of government occurred in the United States with a Republican President that leaned towards the interests of big business most of whom would bear the most costs if the policies as articulated in the Kyoto protocols were to be executed and why the Democratic presidency of Barrack Obama has been slow in pushing forward the agreement at Kyoto. The study concluded that national political interests of the major powers seem to have stalled the implementation of the Kyoto protocol but a change in the dynamics of global leadership spectrum can have a significant impetus in producing an agreement on climate change.
Convergence of Forest Resources in Jangalmahal, West Bengal
Authors: Chatterjee Nilendu , Dinda Soumyananda
Published: July 2016

The topic of growth and convergence is at the heart of a wide-ranging debate in the growth literature. The century long history of deprivation and backwardness of Jangalmahal area and four districts of it in the state of West Bengal—Purulia, Bankura, West Midnapore and parts of Birbhum—is also a well discussed issue. The dependency of the people on forest products to earn livelihoods is a natural phenomenon which, over the years, has resulted in considerable exploitation of forest resources. Through this chapter, we have made an attempt to see whether there exists any convergence, both absolute as well as conditional, in the total forest product of Jangalmahal and in the incomes earned from forest resources. We have seen the presence of Beta convergence, both conditional and absolute, in both tests of forest products as well as income from it. Sigma of forest income diverges instead of converge. Similar result is seen in case of timber.
Effects of Neoliberal Globalization on Readymade Garment Industry of Bangladesh
Authors: Akhter Tasneem , Palit Arpita
Published: July 2016

Philosophy of neoliberal globalization is emerging from last two decades and dominating the economic policy making in most of the world economies. It is strongly advocated in UK and the USA; however, substantial resistance has limited its influence for rest of the world. For this study, the researcher used the descriptive case studies methodology to test the effectiveness of this philosophy of globalization for readymade garment sectors in Bangladesh after the setback of Rana Plaza incident. As a result, it is proved with the help of data collected from RMG workers that it is still ineffective because policies are malfunctioned. The neoliberal globalization policies adopted by the government are creating divergence and disparity among the workers and investors of the RMG Sector in a serious way.
The Development and Analysis of Environmentally Responsible Supply Chain Models
Authors: Bazan Ehab , Jaber Mohamad Y.
Published: July 2016

Inventory management and supply chain management are integral issues and prime areas of concern in production and operations management, and industrial engineering. There is a drive for businesses and organizations to be accountable for their environmental impacts. Guaranteeing environmentally conscious supply chain operations is strongly linked to an organization's sustainability and overall success. The responsible management of forward and return product flows in production and inventory environments is a rapidly increasing requirement. This can be attributed to economic, environmental and/ or regulatory motivations. Mathematical modeling of such systems assists decision-making processes and provided a better understanding of the behavior of such production and inventory environments.
Batik on Cotton Fabric Using Pigment Dyes
Authors: Klaichoi Charoon , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol , Rungruangkitkrai Nattadon
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this research was undertaken to use flour of wild taro corm (ColocasiaEsculenta (L.) Schott) as a resist paste for batik on cotton fabric and using dye solution from pigment dyestuffs. Colour value, K/S values, sharpness of cotton batik fabric were evaluated. The washing and rubbing fastness of the batik fabric was also evaluated. From the result of experiment it can be concluded that the pattern at resist area of cotton batik fabrics show sharpness. Colour fastness to washing and rubbing were ranging between good to very good level. Pigment dye solution can be painted on cotton fabric by using batik technique.
Tensile Properties Analysis of Paper Towels
Authors: Kan Chi Wai , Leung Maggie Hoi Man , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol
Published: July 2016

In this study, 12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the local market. Their tensile properties were investigated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Four tensile properties namely: (i) extensibility (EMT), (ii) tensile energy (WT), (iii) tensile resilience (RT) and (iv) linearity of WT (LT) were evaluated. Experimental results revealed that the tensile properties varied within the products. EMT was used as the key property for discussing the tensile properties of paper towels. However, when the different tensile properties were correlated, it was found that WT/RT, WT/EMT and RT/EMT had strong Pearson correlation. In addition, there was no significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to EMT. Based on this study, it can provide some information about the tensile properties of paper towels in local market which may help the industry for further improving the product quality.
Awareness and Practices in Green Technology of College Students
Authors: Gonzaga Meah L.
Published: July 2016

This study focuses on the level of awareness and extent of practices in green technology of college students. The differences in their level of awareness and extent of practices when grouped according to sex, community, academic standing, secondary school and family income were also taken into account. Finally, the relationship between awareness and practices in green technology was ascertained. A descriptive-correlational method of research using a researcher-developed questionnaire was employed. The participants of this study were the Bachelor of Education students of Philippine Normal University Visayas. Data were analyzed using mean, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson Product-Moment of Correlation. Findings revealed moderate level of awareness but low extent of practices in green technology. When participants were grouped according to variables, significant differences in their level of awareness and extent of practices were observed. Furthermore, the level of awareness and extent of practices were positively correlated to a moderate degree. In conclusion, the findings do not confirm popular hypotheses that establish direct link between affluence and environmental behaviour; education and environmental concern; and, degree of urbanization and environmental awareness (biophilia hypothesis). Based on the foregoing, this study suggests the development of a holistic program that integrates concepts and applications of green technology in tertiary education to engage students’ active participation in the promotion of environmental sustainability.
Environmental Awareness and Practices among High School Students: Basis for Disaster Preparedness Program
Authors: Marpa Eliseo P. , Juele Ma. Hiyas R.
Published: July 2016

Inhabitants of Mother Earth are now experiencing the effects of climate change, global warming, ozone depletion, pollution, species extinction, desertification and improper waste management. This phenomenon is global and the Philippines is not exempted from these environmental threats and challenges. Thus, this study on environmental awareness and practices among high school students was conducted. To address this problem, the researchers used descriptive-correlational method utilizing the developed research instrument administered to the 935 participants. Findings of the study revealed that high school students’ extent of awareness and practices was great while moderate in the greening of the environment. Likewise, the same results were obtained when participants were grouped according to the selected variables. However, when grouped according to topography, the extent of awareness and practices of those living in the coastal areas was moderate. Furtheremore, signficnat differences among high school students environmental awareness and practices were observed on the greening of the environment, elimination of pollutants, and maintaning ecological balance. Significant correlation was also noted between high school students awareness and practices. This means that high school students environmental awareness is related to their practices. Thus, it is about time that schools should advocate and integrate environmental education with emphasis on the greening of the environment.
An Application of Reliability Centered Maintenance Technique for Preventive Maintenance in Refinery Plant
Authors: Nakamanuruck Itthipol , Talabgaew Sompoap , Rungreunganun Vichai
Published: July 2016

This research aims for guidance in improving the productivity of the machines in case study of refinery plant based on the principle of preventive maintenance of machinery applications. This is to increase the availability and improve the reliability and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) of the machines. From the data collected showed that high cost of maintenance is quite high caused by non-standard maintenance and no prioritization of machine maintenance. Therefore, the researchers proposed a maintenance program developed based on reliability engineering with failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). FMEA was the first brought to analyze the root causes of machine failure and to evaluate the risk priority number (RPN). The data was performed preventive maintenance plan standardized the maintenance system in order to optimize maintenance task and maximize the efficiency of machinery. After applying FMEA, the result showed that the chance of failure in equipment was very low (1 time in 12 years) after the scheduled maintenance plan and opportunities to detect damage in advance was moderate to high. Therefore, the equipment with a moderate to high risk is likely more damage than the first round of maintenance (5 years). Moreover, the average of the residual risk level analysis of the machine decreased by 59.165% and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) increased from 92.66% to 98%
The Study of Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Nanofibres from Pet Bottle
Authors: Naksuwan Pornchaloem , Komárek Michal , Salačová Jana , Militky Jiri
Published: July 2016

Bottles made from poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) can be recycled and reused the material to reduce the amount of waste going into landfills. In this study, electrospun fibres from recycled PET were produced by a melt-electrospinning method. The effect of the melting temperature, applied voltage and distance between die and collector on the morphology of the electrospun fibres was investigated. Thermal properties of recycled PET were characterized by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). It was observed that recycled PET granules were melted at a temperature of 260, 290 and 310 °C, the melt polymer was electrospun at a high voltage of 38 kV and electrospinning was carried out at a distance of 12 cm. The Recycled PET electrospun had diameters ranging from 45 to 65 µm.
Dissimilar Metals Welding of CP Titanium to 304 Stainless Steel Using GTAW Process
Authors: Thonondaeng Thanaporn , Fakpan Kittichai , Eidhed Krittee
Published: July 2016

This study involves V-groove butt welding of CP Titanium to 304 stainless steel by the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process without and with buttering layer at the 304 stainless steel base metal. ERCuSn-A and ERNiCu-7 were chosen as a filler metals. Investigations including visual testing (VT), microhardness testing and metallurgical analysis were carried out by means of variable welding parameters. The experimental results showed that using the ERCuSn-A filler metal without and with buttering layer, any surface defect was not observed in the dissimilar metals welded specimen but an underbead crack was found at weld metal adjacent to the Ti/weld metal interface. Using the ERNiCu-7 filler metal without buttering layer, linear porosity was observed at weldment. However, using ERNiCu-7 filler metal with buttering layer, defect-free welded specimen could be achieved. The results of EDS analysis indicated that at Ti/weld metal interface, Ti diffused from the Ti base metal to the weld metal. At 304 stainless steel/weld metal interface, Fe, Ni and Cr diffused from the 304 stainless steel base metal to the weld metal.
Development of VOCs Gas Sensor Using PANi/PMMA Blend Film for Environment Monitoring
Authors: Indrarit Naraporn , Eaiprasertsak Kalya , Osotchan Tanakorn , Jaisutti Rawat
Published: July 2016

This work presents development of chemiresistor gas sensor based on polyaniline (PANi) blending with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin film for identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) relevant to environmental monitoring. The investigated VOCs are including acetone, methanol, ethanol and ammonia. The gas sensors are prepared by solution mixing between non-conducting form of PANi and PMMA in presence of NMP solution. The mixed solution is spun on aluminum interdigitated electrodes and converted into conducting form using HCl doping. Their sensitivity is measured at room temperature by applying constant voltage and measuring response current in the presence of target gases. The results show that PANi/PMMA blend film has higher surface roughness and porous structure leading to higher response to VOCs gases when compared to pure PANi thin film. The PANi/PMMA blend film exhibits the highest response to ammonia and the lowest to acetone vapor. It response shows little different between ethanol and acetone vapor. The different response characteristics to VOCs of PANi/PMMA blend film indicate that it can be used as active layer for room temperature VOCs sensor.
Possibilities for Application of Friction Stir Welding Process to Titanium TiGr2
Authors: Cojocaru Radu , Boţilă Lia Nicoleta , Ciucă Cristian , Verbiţchi Victor
Published: July 2016

The interest in friction stir welding (FSW) of different categories of light metallic materials, including titanium and its alloys, has growing in recent years.Due to favorable ratio between strength and density, titanium and its alloys have increasingly used in applications in priority areas (e.g. aeronautics and in aerospace). Having the best impact strength and good corrosion resistance, these materials find applications in chemistry, nuclear and military technology.This paper present the results obtained at friction stir butt welding of TiGr2 sheets with thickness 4mm.The experimental program has developed using three categories of welding tools: with smooth cylindrical pin and flat shoulder, with tapered pin and flat shoulder, respectively with tapered pin having four plane chamfers and flat shoulder. The welding experiments have made using combinations of tools and welding parameters.The control of FSW welding process of titanium TiGr2 sheets has done using an innovative method namely infrared thermography technique.The research program has focused on development of some welding tools and welding regimes correlated with obtaining some of better mechanical characteristics for welded joints.Results obtained to the friction stir butt welding of titanium TiGr2, lead to conclusion that welding joints without defects and with good mechanical characteristics can be obtained, if are known and met the specific requests regarding applying of FSW process to this type of material.
Research on the Use of Robotized Tandem MAG Welding in Steel Plates Destined for the Manufacture of Pipelines
Authors: Iovanas Daniela Maria , Toma Cosmin , Iovanas Radu
Published: July 2016

The performed research focuses on the complete replacement of the pipeline manufacturing process consisting in welding on SAW+MIG / MAG generators with the robotized Tandem MIG / MAG welding procedure, with low energy consumption.The Tandem MAG procedure was experimented on X52 MS steel plates destined for the manufacture of pipelines, measuring 400x150x12 mm, with Y-joints (30o).The welded joints were executed horizontally and unilaterally, with flux bed support, 3 welding seams, using for filler material two wires of the same quality, EN ISO 14341: G 42 4 M G3Si1 (Filcord C), measuring 1.2 mm in diameter, and shielding gas EN ISO 14175 (CORGON 18).The entire technological welding process was carried out in fully robotized, laboratory conditions, using the QIROX -315 welding robot, fitted with Tandem MIG/MAG welding equipment, type QUINTO-GLC 603.The welding seams were executed with the same Tandem MAG welding head, with two wires, taking advantage of the possibility to rotate the welding head so as to obtain welding seams with the wires either positioned one after the other (tandem), or transversally (perpendicular to the welding direction), obtaining, by correlation with the welding speed, optimal linear energies, implicitly, seams of various widths and penetrations.The results of the tests concerning the characterization of the obtained welded joints corresponded to the mechanical – metallographic tests, falling within the ranges provided by the applicable standards.The welding parameters used in the robotized Tandem MAG procedure may lead to remarkable advantages concerning the use of energy and filler metal. Thus, linear energies are about 40% - 45% smaller than in the case of the classical SAW+MIG / MAG process, with positive effects on the mechanical and metallographic characteristics of the welded joints, leading to significant reductions in energy consumption. Furthermore, the use of filler materials (wire, shielding gas) decreases by 10% - 15% as compared to the classical SAW+MIG / MAG process, leading, implicitly, to lower costs.As a consequence of the obtained results, MAG Tandem welding procedure may become an alternative to SAW submerged arc welding and combined SAW and MIG / MAG welding and a classical reference method for the manufacture of pipelines
Ultrasonic Joining of Multiple Core Conductors for Automotive Industry
Authors: Oancă Octavian Victor , Perianu Ion Aurel
Published: July 2016

The paper presents aspects regarding the development of innovative ultrasonic welding technologies at ISIM Timisoara and the advantages of using them in the automotive industry for making similar and dissimilar joints for non-ferrous materials. The experimental results through mechanical tests, microscopy, digital imaging, ultrasonic compacting and hybrid joining of samples Cu-Cu, Al-Al and Al-Cu, highlight the potential use of aluminium as a substitute for multiple core copper conductors in automotive industry.
Vegetable Extracts as Inhibitors of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Acidic Environment
Authors: Benea Lidia , Dănăilă Eliza , Dumitraşcu Valentin Marian
Published: July 2016

Vegetable extracts have become important as an environmentally acceptable, readily available and renewable source for wide range of inhibitors. They are the rich sources of ingredients which have very high inhibition efficiency. The aim of the present work is to study the corrosion inhibition characteristics of aqueous extract of USINHIB (the abbreviation attributed to garlic extract, derived from romanian language, which was used as vegetable inhibitor), which have been studied as an eco-friendly green inhibitor for corrosion control of carbon steel in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. The inhibitive effect of naturally available vegetable extract USINHIB toward the corrosion of carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution has been investigated by electrochemical techniques. Open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry in presence and absence of vegetable inhibitor were used to provide detailed information about the corrosion of steel surface which occurs in acidic environment. The three electrode electrolytic cell was used. The obtained results showed the increase in the inhibition efficiency.
Design, Implementation and Analysis of 3D Printed Grasshopper Robot for Jumping Mechanism
Authors: Khuong Tran Linh
Published: July 2016

This scientific paper consists of the analysis of the grasshopper jumping mechanism through literature studies, manufacturing, analysis and experimentation to enhance the knowledge to the manufacturing and analyzing of the artificially developed grasshopper-like robots. The first step involved the understanding of the actual grasshopper mechanisms which was carried out by the dissection of actual grasshopper bodies to analyze the hind leg movements, actuating muscles and structured sizes of the involved organs. The next step involved the development structural of the prototype consisted of design of the grasshopper jumping robot and the durability of the structure was checked at the critical locations. The results indicated that the strains produced in the tibia (immediately before and immediately after the jump) and femur of the designed structure was 2.5.10-5, 3.2.10-5 and 634.10-5 respectively. Whereas, the maximum allowable strain of the material during elastic deformation is 660.10-5, so the design of the structure could satisfy the strength requirements. The structural strength of the tibia and femur with the vertical printing were also in line with the stress requirements. Fabrication and jumping test was carried out which indicated 5 times higher jumps for the designed and fabricated grasshopper like jumping robot. This result is very helpful in robotic industry for the smooth movements of the robots for carrying out the intended function on rough terrains.
Interaction of Pro- and Antioxidant Factors, Nitric Oxide Metabolites in Blood and Gingival Tissues during Experimental Chronic Gastritis and Duodenitis
Authors: Romanenko Y.G.
Published: July 2016

The stable metabolites rate of nitric oxide is reduced three times compared with the rate in the group of control animals in homogenates of rats’ gingival tissue with gastritis and duodenitis. Increasing of the catalase rate with simultaneous increasing of lipids and proteins oxidation was accompanied by decreasing activity of superoxide dismutase. Decreasing of the malonic dialdehyde content and indices protein molecules fragmentation in the blood plasma with simultaneous increasing of catalase and nitric oxide metabolites levels indicates the leading role of nitric oxide in antioxidant protection of the organism in conditions of disease.
The “Laser Machinability” of Polymeric Materials
Authors: Sýkorová Libuše , Pata Vladimír , Kubišová Milena , Malachova Martina
Published: July 2016

This article deals with the area of non-conventional technologies, in particular results of CO2 laser micro-machining are the subject of this experimental study. Laser beam and its impact on different types of polymeric materials were studied in details. The aim was to find an optimal combination of laser cutting parameters (power and feed) for ABS, POM, PS, PMMA, PA 6, PA 66, PC, POM, PP, PTFE and PVC. The laser machinability was evaluated with different technological parameters. Next, the Theory of hypothesis testing for evaluation of the laser machinability was applied.
Analysis of the States of Deformation and Stress in the Surface Layer of the Product after the Burnishing Cold Rolling Operation
Authors: Kukielka Leon , Szczesniak Michal , Patyk Radoslaw , Kułakowska Agnieszka , Kukielka Krzysztof , Patyk Sylwia , Gotowala Katarzyna , Kozak Dražan
Published: July 2016

The article presents the results of computer modelling and numerical simulations the deformation and stresses occurring in the surface layer of the product after the burnishing cold rolling operation. Technological processes were considered as a geometrical and physical boundary and initial value problem, with unknown boundary conditions in the contact zone. An incremental model of the contact problem between movable rigid or elastic body (tool) and elastic/visco-plastic body (object) in updated Lagrange formulation, for spatial states (3D) was considered. The incremental functional of the total energy and variational, non-linear equation of motion and deformation of object on the typical step time were derived. This equation has been discretized by finite element method, and the system of discrete equations of motion of objects was received. For solution of these equations the explicit methods was used. The applications were developed in the ANSYS/LS-Dyna system, which makes possible a complex time analysis of the states of displacements, strains and stresses, in the workpieces in fabrication processes. Application of this method was showed for examples the modelling and the analysis of the asperities with apex angles θ = 85°, 120° and 156°. The Bielajew point using finite elements methodology was indicated. The simulation results were verified experimentally.
Application of 3D Printing for Specific Tools
Authors: Zelený Petr , Váňa Tomáš , Stryal Jaroslav
Published: July 2016

This article describes possibilities of utilizing 3D printing technologies for production of specific tools for sheet metal forming which would help to simplify and accelerate manufacturing of prototypes for the electronic industry.The article contains a number of technologies and their combinations. In conclusion, the most appropriate technology is determined along with implementation of the procedure into a production process.
Resistance of Cladding Layers Made by FCAW Method to Erosive Wear
Authors: Viňáš Ján , Brezinová Janette , Greš Miroslav
Published: July 2016

The paper deals with the tribological properties of investigated types of hard-faced materials at erosive wear process. Influence of inclination angle of elements on friction resistance and microhardness changes of hard-faced layer were investigated too. From quantitative aspect were hard-faced layers evaluated on the base of weight loses. From achieved results follow that inclination angle is one from determining factors on to material’s wear measure.
Resolving Problems of Finding Surface Boundaries during Laser Machining
Authors: Pata Vladimír , Sýkorová Libuše , Kubišová Milena , Malachova Martina
Published: July 2016

During of aluminum alloy materials, it is possible to find three surface types which can be distinguish as primary, secondary and tertiary sections. In practice this is a big problem in case of finding the basic parameters of roughness and waviness as described by ISO 4288. According to our research, it is possible to use optical microscopy in the first step and subsequently to scan the surface in 3D in order to distinguish the type of. Another problem is how to determine the boundaries between the individual structures. The article describes methods to distinguish the boundaries in a more precise way by the cumulative functions, leading to more accurate determination of the surface quality parameters.
Evaluation of Electrochemical Properties of Steel Sheets for Automotive Applications
Authors: Koncz Juraj , Brezinová Janette
Published: July 2016

Galvanizing as a process of zinc coating of base material is still the most widely used technology applied in surface treatment of materials which are supposed to meet the requirement of high corrosion resistance in various environments. This article presents the results of research aimed at determining the corrosive properties of galvanized sheets in selected environments – distilled water, NaCl and SARS (Simulated Acid Rain Solution) solution, using electrochemical potentiodynamic test and electrochemical impedance test (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy – EIS).
Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Permanent Magnet Scraps by VIM-HMS Method
Authors: Bian Yu Yang , Guo Shu Qiang , Tang Kai , Ding Wei Zhong
Published: July 2016

VIM-HMS method is a novel process to extract REEs (rare earth elements) from NdFeB based permanent magnets. The NdFeB materials were melted in graphite crucible by VIM (vacuum induction melting) process, and the carbon saturated NdFeBCsat alloy was obtained. The NdFeBCsat alloy was mechanically pulverized and hydrolyzed in deionized water. In the HMS (Hydrolysis and magnetic separation) process, the neodymium carbide phase in the alloy reacted with water easily, and the rare earth hydroxides and the iron residues were separated by magnetic separation. The purity of the rare earth hydroxides was more than 99%, and the extraction ratio of the REEs is about 93%.
Effective Extraction of Vanadium and Chromium from High Chromium Content Vanadium Slag by Sodium Roasting and Water Leaching
Authors: Li Ming , Xiao Liang , Liu Jing Jing , Shi Zhi Xin , Fu Zi Bi , Peng Yi , Long Pan Zhong , Yang Yang Jun
Published: July 2016

The extraction of vanadium and chromium from high chromium content vanadium slag by salt roasting and water leaching process has been investigated, which uses mixed sodium salts (Na2CO3 and NaOH) as additive agent in roasting process. The mineralogical morphology was prospected by TG-DSC, XRD, SEM and EDS. The oxidation of slag and transversion of V/Cr-containing phase and sodium salts have been discussed. It has been demonstrated that the presence of NaOH contributes to decompose spinel and olivine phases, which is beneficial to reduce the roasting temperature and elevate V, Cr leaching ratio. The roasting parameters have been studied as a function of roasting temperature, roasting time and ratio of alkali, in which the roasting temperature is the most effective factor on the leaching rate of vanadium and chromium. Under the optimum condition, the leaching rates of V and Cr reached 95.8% and 97.6%, respectively.
Electrochemical Corrosion of As-Cast and Annealed Zr48Cu36Al8Ag8 BMG in 0.1 M NaCl Solution
Authors: Lin Jing Chie , Huang Mao Chia , Anggriawan Ongki B. , Jang Jason Shian Ching , Choiron M. Agus
Published: July 2016

Electrochemical corrosion of as-cast and annealed zirconium-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) Zr48Cu36Al8Ag8 in 0.1 M NaCl solution was investigated in this work. The as-cast specimen, in complete amorphous form, contained null percent of crystal phase (denoted as 0C); however, the annealed ones contained 11, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % crystal phase (denoted as 11C, 25C, 50C, 75C and 100C, respectively) determined by the annealing duration of 0C specimen at 471 °C. Through monitoring of open circuit potential (OCP), measurements of direct-current polarization resistance (PR), Tafel plot (TP), cyclic anodic potentiodynamic polarization (CAPD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we found that the corrosion behavior of the Zr48Cu36Al8Ag8 was detremined by the the crystal phase present in the specemns dominated by the annealing durations. The corrosion resistance decreased in the order: 25C > 11C > 0C > 50C > 75C > 100C. This result revealed that the corrosion resistance inclined to be better and reached a mxmium with increasing the percentgae of the crystal phase from 0 to 25%; however, it decreased with further increasing the crystal phase over 25%. A corrosion mechanism is proposed to rationalize the sequence of corrosion resistance. According to the mechanism, the remained free volume and residual strain energy are responsible for the specimens containing crystal phase less than 25% (i.e., 0C, 11C and 25C); whereas crystal defects such as grain boundaries governed the corrosion of those containing crystal phase more than 25 % (i.e., 50C, 75C and 100C).
Inhibition of Silver Electrolytic Migration in Ag-Alloy Bonding Wires
Authors: Chuang Chien Hsun , Lin Yan Cheng , He Yu Zhen , Tsai Chih Hsin , Lee Jun Der , Wang Shang Chih , Tsai Hsing Hua
Published: July 2016

Ion migration in Ag-alloy bonding wires was evaluated with water drop tests. The results indicated that water must be present between the wire couple for Ag electrolytic migration to occur. The addition of 1.5 to 4.5% Pd decreased the ion migration rate. Further alloying with about 8% Au enhanced this effect. It seems that the addition of Ni and Pt in Ag-alloy wires does not influence Ag-ion migration. Ag-alloy wires sealed with silicone gel and stressed in air and in distilled water revealed no dendrites after more than 1,000 hr. The ion migration in Ag-alloy bonding wires can be completely inhibited by a suitable encapsulation process with an appropriate molding compound.
The Rotational Model: A New Hypothesis for Thylakoid Stacking
Authors: Castorinis Antonios
Published: July 2016

The most enigmatic feature of mature thylakoids of Angiosperms is the presence of piles of membranous discs forming the cylindrical structures known as grana. Although some models aim to elucidate their formation, until now the mechanism governing the architecture of thylakoid stacks remains obscure. In this work a new model is presented aiming to explain the way thylakoids stack. In comparison with previous models, this model proposes a dynamic mechanism for the rapid selfassembly of thylakoid stacks and their subsequent disassembly under the influence of a variety of physicochemical factors and is consistent with the evolutionary origin of these membranes and their ontogenetic continuity. The model proposes that, under the influence of attractive electrostatic forces, the membranes come closer in a parallel alignment and the photosystem II/light harvesting complexes migrate laterally forming circular aggregates. Finally the thylakoids rotate around the vertical axis of the superimposed aggregates, under the action of a torque.
Validation of COSMIC water vapor data in the upper troposphere
and lower stratosphere using MLS, MERRA and ERA-Interim
Authors: Shangguan Ming , Matthes Katja , Wang Wuke , Wee Tae-Kwon
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere with important implications not only for the Earth’s radiation and energy budget but also for various chemical, physical and dynamical processes in the stratosphere. The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) Radio Occultation (RO) dataset from 2007 through 2013 is used for the first time to study the distribution and variability water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The COSMIC data are compared to the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) data, and to two global reanalyses: The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application (MERRA) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); and, the latest reanalysis of the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), the ERA-Interim. The MLS data have been assimilated into the MERRA, whereas the COSMIC data are used for the ERA-Interim. As a result, the MERRA agrees well with the MLS data and so does the ERA-Interim with the COSMIC data. While the monthly zonal mean distributions of water vapor from the four datasets show good agreements in northern mid-latitudes, large discrepancies exist in high southern latitudes and tropics. The MERRA shows overall a consistent seasonal cycle with MLS, but has too strong winter dehydration over the Antarctic, and is very weak in the interannual variations. The ERA-Interim fails to properly represent the winter dehydration over the Antarctic, and shows an unrealistic seasonal cycle in the tropical upper troposphere. The COSMIC data shows a good agreement with the MLS data except for the tropical "taper recorder" signal, where the COSMIC data suggest a faster upward motion than the MLS data. The COSMIC data are able to represent the moisture variabilities associated with the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.
Numerical framework and performance of the new multiple-phase cloud microphysics scheme in RegCM4.5: precipitation, cloud microphysics, and cloud radiative effects
Authors: Nogherotto Rita , Tompkins Adrian Mark , Giuliani Graziano , Coppola Erika , Giorgi Filippo
Published: July 2016

Abstract. We implement and evaluate a new parameterization scheme for stratiform cloud microphysics and precipitation within regional climate model RegCM4. This new parameterization is based on a multiple-phase one-moment cloud microphysics scheme built upon the implicit numerical framework recently developed and implemented in the ECMWF operational forecasting model. The parameterization solves five prognostic equations for water vapour, cloud liquid water, rain, cloud ice, and snow mixing ratios. Compared to the pre-existing scheme, it allows a proper treatment of mixed-phase clouds and a more physically realistic representation of cloud microphysics and precipitation. Various fields from a 10-year long integration of RegCM4 run in tropical band mode with the new scheme are compared with their counterparts using the previous cloud scheme and are evaluated against satellite observations. In addition, an assessment using the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) Observational Simulator Package (COSP) for a 1-year sub-period provides additional information for evaluating the cloud optical properties against satellite data. The new microphysics parameterization yields an improved simulation of cloud fields, and in particular it removes the overestimation of upper level cloud characteristics of the previous scheme, increasing the agreement with observations and leading to an amelioration of a long-standing problem in the RegCM system. The vertical cloud profile produced by the new scheme leads to a considerably improvement of the representation of the longwave and shortwave components of the cloud radiative forcing.
Public Employment and Management as per Ministerial Education, Economy and Natural Protection according to Armenian Composite Supportive Progress (ACASP)
Authors: Petrosyan Azniv F.
Published: July 2016

Sustainable Development is a new concept represented as Composite Appraising Supportive Progress of Armenia (ACASP). Biodiversity concept is another main issue having huge influence on public management with employment emphasis. Procedures designing composite progressive indicators organize steps with defined methodology where decision making of utility function is implemented. The priorities of each categories are followed. The resulting sequence of the most important chosen category is represented as:

Genes:          Society (S):         Education (S3):          Legislations - International Cooperation

Species:       Economy (E):      Economy (E5):           Policy - Vacancies

Ecosystems: Nature (N)           Air (N3) & Land (N1):    Publications - Informative

Functions: ACASP    Employment (F):                     Announcements-Analyses & Researches
Family-Member Variant of Directory Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) in Current Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) Management: A Way Out in Resource-Constrained Settings – A Case Report
Authors: Terhemen Joseph Igbudu  , Livinus Egwuda  , Tsav Peter Mbaave
Published: July 2016

Appreciation of patients’ family dynamics may be very crucial in deciding the appropriate treatment option aimed at reducing treatment failures and drug resistance in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis especially in the resource-constrained settings.
We reported a case of a 62 year old retiree with pulmonary tuberculosis who had financial challenges and was successfully treated using the family-member variant of DOTS. This modality of treatment was easily accepted and eventually addressed some of the financial challenges the patient had. 
Family-member variant of DOTS was successfully demonstrated in the management of PTB and was seen to have reduced the variable cost of treatment, distortion of family dynamics and enhanced family harmony.
Validation of the STRATIFY Falls Risk Assessment Tool in a Japanese Acute Care Hospital Setting
Authors: Toyabe Shin-ichi , Kaneko Thoshihiro , Suzuki Akira , Yasuda Ayuko
Published: July 2016

Patient falls are the most frequent adverse events that occur in a hospital. Prevention of inpatient falls is performed by a strategy to target patients at high risk for falls determined by a falls risk assessment system such as the STRATIFY tool. However, the performance of the STRATIFY tool in a Japanese hospital setting has not been determined. We tried to verify the performance of the STRATIFY tool for predicting falls in acutely hospitalized patients in Japan by a multi-center study. A total of 113,413 patients admitted to four acute cares national university hospitals during the period from April 2010 to March 2012 were studied. Inpatient falls per 1,000 patient-days varied from 1.42 to 2.92 in the four hospitals. The STRATIFY score was calculated on the basis of data extracted electronically from the hospital information system. Although the distribution of STRATIFY scores differed significantly among the four hospitals, logistic regression analysis and survival analysis showed that the proportion of high-risk patients who fell was significantly larger than the proportion of low-risk patients in all of the four hospitals. The odds ratio and hazard ratio for high-risk patients versus low-risk patients were 2.5 to 4.3 (combined estimate, 3.9 (95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.1 to 7.6) and 1.8 to 5.1 (combined estimate, 3.1 (95% CI, 2.1 to 4.6)), respectively. The results suggest that the STRATIFY tool can be used as a screening tool to detect patients at high risk for falls in a Japanese acute care setting as used commonly in other countries. 