bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Philosophy and the Nature of Law
Authors: Dickson Julie
Published: December 2022

This chapter considers some important contemporary challenges to legal philosophy about the nature of law. The challenges in question respectively allege that legal philosophy about the nature of law is: theoretically imperialist; guilty of guild exclusivity; impossible; too abstract/neglectful of law’s social character; committed to addressing static, staple questions. The chapter engages with each of these challenges in turn, in order to attain a clearer understanding of each challenge and better to appreciate which of them can be dealt with largely within the confines of this chapter, and which of them demand a fuller response which will emerge from the book as a whole. In engaging with these challenges, the chapter also further fleshes out and renders plausible an appropriately metaphysically modest and domain-apt understanding of what it is for law to have a nature that one important part of legal philosophy seeks to explain.
The Questions of Legal Philosophy
Authors: Dickson Julie
Published: December 2022

The focus of this chapter lies not with the answers legal philosophers offer to questions concerning law’s nature, but with the diversity of and developments in the questions they ask, and the leeway they have in selecting which questions to address and how to address them. The chapter argues that there is room for significant, and welcome, ‘question pluralism’ within legal philosophy about the nature of law, and that we should embrace the fact that the many and varied questions legal philosophers address are shaped by and responsive to the time and context in which they arise. The chapter discusses two roles for choice in theory construction in legal philosophy: subject-matter selectivity and distribution of emphasis selectivity. By the chapter’s close, the discussion establishes that legal philosophy about the nature of law is not an enterprise that addresses problematically static, staple questions. Rather, it is a dynamic enterprise involving changing, developing, and diversifying questions the answers to which can reveal distinctive truths about the many facets of law’s nature.
Defining Identity
Authors: Razzack Azra , Siddiqui M. Atyab
Published: December 2022

Chapter IV Defining Identity essentially defines the identity of the school. The school life is projected through a discussion of what the school has to offer its students, the community it serves, school life, and campus stories. There is a discussion on the school’s logo and motto—‘Find a Way or Make One’, Etimadiah, the school magazine, and so on. ‘The school in verse’ section presents some of the poems and verses written about the school by its students and teachers which have appeared in the school magazines over the years as well as the school Tarana composed by Gulzar Dehalvi. It also tells us about the community the school serves, and life at school. The identity of the institution is what makes it special.
The Girls Arrive
Authors: Razzack Azra , Siddiqui M. Atyab
Published: December 2022

Chapter VIII, The Girls Arrive, tells the story of converting the Anglo Arabic from an only boys school to being a co-educational institution. The controversy generated and the challenges presented are highlighted in an absorbing account. What admission to the school meant for the girls themselves is also captured here. History has witnessed that change is born in conflict. Even for a reformatory step like opening the school to the girl child, the administrators had to struggle. Surprisingly, the teachers who are supposed to be advocates of change opposed the admission of girls in the institution. The principal too had to be taken to task for this opposition. The local politicians went up in arms, and it required an order from the law court to firmly establish it as a co-educational institution. The girls justified their admission by securing flying colours in the Board examination. A new chapter had been introduced in the history of the institution.
Protocol for Biospecimen Collection and Analysis Within the BACPAC Research Program
Authors: Fields Aaron J , Dudli Stefan , Schrepf Andrew , Kim Angie , Pham Bernice , Gallego Estefania , Mendoza Sandra , Meropol Sharon B , Darwin Jessa , Sowa Gwendolyn , Vo Nam V
Published: December 2022

The Biospecimen Collection and Processing Working Group of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) HEAL Initiative BACPAC Research Program was charged with identifying molecular biomarkers of interest to chronic low back pain (cLBP). Having identified biomarkers of interest, the Working Group worked with the New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Center for Biospecimen Research and Development—funded by the Early Phase Pain Investigation Clinical Network Data Coordinating Center—to harmonize consortium-wide and site-specific efforts for biospecimen collection and analysis. Biospecimen collected are saliva, blood (whole, plasma, serum), urine, stool, and spine tissue (paraspinal muscle, ligamentum flavum, vertebral bone, facet cartilage, disc endplate, annulus fibrosus, or nucleus pulposus). The omics data acquisition and analyses derived from the biospecimen include genomics and epigenetics from DNA, proteomics from protein, transcriptomics from RNA, and microbiomics from 16S rRNA. These analyses contribute to the overarching goal of BACPAC to phenotype cLBP and will guide future efforts for precision medicine treatment.
Doris Howes Calloway: Her Work and Legacy on Nutritionally Vulnerable Populations in North America
Authors: Butte Nancy F. , Kuhnlein Harriet V. , Murphy Suzanne P. , Yates Allison A. , King Janet C. , Kretsch Molly J. , Blackburn Mary L.
Published: December 2022

Dr Doris Howes Calloway had a keen interest in nutritionally vulnerable populations in North America and around the world. Given her scientific reputation and interests, she advised many national and international agencies on improving the health and well-being of populations at increased risk of malnutrition. In North America, she and her graduate students laid the groundwork for improvement of the diets of several Indigenous peoples including the Cocopah, Hopi, and Navajo. They found that improvement of the nutritional and health status of the Cocopah tribe was unlikely without addressing underlying social and economic factors. Among the Hopi tribe, the replacement of traditional foods by energy-dense foods of low nutritional quality increased the risks of nutrient inadequacies and obesity. Dr Calloway also had a keen interest in understanding the effects of nutrition on biological functions that increase nutritional demand and thus vulnerability, as demonstrated in studies of pregnancy and lactation among Navajo women, and growth of children from Mexican American farmworker families. They demonstrated the limits of federal nutrition programs at that time. They identified the double burden of stunting and obesity among Mexican American children. Dr Calloway's standards of academic excellence and rigorous research influenced her students to pursue careers that enhanced science-based policies and programs to promote the health and wellness of nutritionally vulnerable populations.
Borna disease virus 1 impairs DNA double-strand break repair through the ATR/Chk1 signalling pathway, resulting in learning and memory impairment in rats
Authors: Shen Xia , Xu Xiaoyan , Guo Yujie , Yang Hongli , He Juan , Xie Peng
Published: December 2022

Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is a highly neurotropic RNA virus that can establish persistent infection in the central nervous system and cause cognitive dysfunction in neonatally infected rats. However, the mechanisms that lead to this cognitive impairment remain unclear. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their repair are associated with brain development and cognition. If DNA repair in the brain is reduced or delayed and DNA damage accumulates, abnormal cognitive function may result. We generated a rat model of BoDV-1 infection during the neonatal period and assessed behavioural changes using the open field test and Morris water maze. The levels of DSBs were determined by immunofluorescence and comet assays. Western blotting assessed proteins associated with DNA repair pathways. The results showed that BoDV-1 downregulated the ATR/Chk1 signalling pathway in the brain, impairing DNA damage repair and increasing the number of DSBs, which ultimately leads to cognitive dysfunction. Our findings suggest a molecular mechanism by which BoDV-1 interferes with DNA damage repair to cause learning and memory impairment. This provides a theoretical basis for elucidating BoDV-1-induced neurodevelopmental impairment.
Milk antibody response after 3rd dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and implications for infant protection
Authors: Golan Yarden , Ilala Mikias , Gay Caryl , Hunagund Soumya , Lin Christine Y. , Cassidy Arianna G. , Jigmeddagva Unurzul , Li Lin , Ozarslan Nida , Asiodu Ifeyinwa V. , Ahituv Nadav , Flaherman Valerie J. , Gaw Stephanie L. , Prahl Mary
Published: December 2022

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been found in human-milk after COVID-19 infection and vaccination. However, little is known about their persistence in milk after booster vaccination and breakthrough infection. In this study, human-milk, saliva and blood samples were collected from 33 lactating individuals before and after mRNA-based vaccination and COVID-19 breakthrough infections. Antibody levels were measured using ELISA and symptoms were assessed using questionnaires. Evaluation of maternal and infant symptomatology revealed that infected mothers reported more symptoms than vaccinated mothers. We found that after vaccination, human-milk anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persisted for up to 8 months. In addition, distinct patterns of human milk IgA and IgG production we observed after breakthrough infection compared to 3-dose vaccination series alone, indicating a differential central and mucosal immune profiles in hybrid compared with vaccine-induced immunity. To investigate passively-derived milk antibody protection in infants, we examined the persistence of these antibodies in infant saliva after breastfeeding. We found that IgA was more abundant in infant saliva compared to IgG and persist in infant saliva longer after feeding. Our results delineate the differences in milk antibody response to vaccination as compared to breakthrough infection and emphasize the importance of improving the secretion of IgA antibodies to human milk after vaccination to improve the protection of breastfeeding infants.
Effective methods for bulk RNA-Seq deconvolution using scnRNA-Seq transcriptomes
Authors: Cobos Francisco Avila , Najaf Panah Mohammad Javad , Epps Jessica , Long Xiaochen , Man Tsz-Kwong , Chiu Hua-Sheng , Chomsky Elad , Kiner Evgeny , Krueger Michael J , Bernardo Diego di , Voloch Luis , Molenaar Jan , van Hooff Sander R. , Westermann Frank , Jansky Selina , Redell Michele L. , Mestdagh Pieter , Sumazin Pavel
Published: December 2022

RNA profiling technologies at single-cell resolutions, including single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq and snRNA-Seq, scnRNA-Seq for short), can help characterize the composition of tissues and reveal cells that influence key functions in both healthy and disease tissues. However, the use of these technologies is operationally challenging because of high costs and stringent sample-collection requirements. Computational deconvolution methods that infer the composition of bulk-profiled samples using scnRNA-Seq-characterized cell types can broaden scnRNA-Seq applications, but their effectiveness remains controversial. We produced the first systematic evaluation of deconvolution methods on datasets with either known or scnRNA-Seq-estimated compositions. Our analyses revealed biases that are common to scnRNA-Seq 10X Genomics assays and illustrated the importance of accurate and properly controlled data preprocessing and method selection and optimization. Moreover, our results suggested that concurrent RNA-Seq and scnRNA-Seq profiles can help improve the accuracy of both scnRNA-Seq preprocessing and the deconvolution methods that employ them. Indeed, our proposed method, Single-cell RNA Quantity Informed Deconvolution (SQUID), combined RNA-Seq transformation and dampened weighted least-squares deconvolution approaches to consistently outperform other methods in predicting the composition of cell mixtures and tissue samples. Furthermore, our analysis suggested that only SQUID could identify outcomes-predictive cancer cell subclones in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia and neuroblastoma datasets, suggesting that deconvolution accuracy improvements are vital to enabling its applications in the life sciences.
Machine Learning Reveals Genetic Modifiers of the Immune Microenvironment of Cancer
Authors: Riley-Gillis Bridget , Tsaih Shirng-Wern , King Emily , Wollenhaupt Sabrina , Reeb Jonas , Peck Amy R. , Wackman Kelsey , Lemke Angela , Rui Hallgeir , Dezso Zoltan , Flister Michael J.
Published: December 2022

Heritability in the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) has been widely observed, yet remains largely uncharacterized and systematic approaches to discover germline genetic modifiers of the iTME still being established. Here, we developed the first machine learning approach to map iTME modifiers within loci from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for breast cancer (BrCa) incidence and outcome. A random forest model was trained on a positive set of immune-oncology (I-O) targets using BrCa and immune phenotypes from genetic perturbation studies, comparative genomics, Mendelian genetics, and colocalization with autoimmunity and inflammatory disease risk loci. Compared with random negative sets, an I-O target probability score was assigned to the 1,362 candidate genes in linkage disequilibrium with 155 BrCa GWAS loci. Pathway analysis of the most probable I-O targets revealed significant enrichment in drivers of BrCa and immune biology, including theLSP1locus associated with BrCa incidence and outcome. Quantitative cell type-specific immunofluorescent imaging of 1,109 BrCa patient biopsies revealed that LSP1 expression is restricted to tumor infiltrating leukocytes and correlated with BrCa patient outcome (HR = 1.73, p < 0.001). The human BrCa patient-based genomic and proteomic evidence, combined with phenotypic evidence thatLSP1is a negative regulator of leukocyte trafficking, prioritizedLSP1as a novel I-O target. Finally, a novel comparative mapping strategy using mouse genetic linkage revealedTLR1as a plausible therapeutic candidate with strong genomic and phenotypic evidence. Collectively, these data demonstrate a robust and flexible analytical framework for functionally fine-mapping GWAS risk loci to identify the most translatable therapeutic targets for the associated disease.
Peroxiredoxin 2 is required for the redox mediated adaptation to exercise
Authors: Xia Qin , Casas-Martinez José Carlos , Zarzuela Eduardo , Muñoz Javier , Miranda-Vizuete Antonio , Goljanek-Whysall Katarzyna , McDonagh Brian
Published: December 2022

Exercise generates a site-specific increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) within muscle required for a beneficial adaptive response by activation of specific signalling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2), an abundant cytoplasmic 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, is required for the adaptive beneficial hormesis response to H2O2. A short bolus addition of H2O2increases mitochondrial capacity and improves myogenesis of cultured myoblasts, this beneficial adaptive response was suppressed in myoblasts with decreased expression of cytoplasmic Prdxs. A swimming exercise protocol inC. elegansincreased mitochondrial content, fitness, survival and longevity in wild type (N2) worms. In contrast,prdx-2mutant worms had decreased fitness, disrupted mitochondria, reduced survival and lifespan following exercise. Global proteomics following exercise identified distinct changes in the proteome of N2 andprdx-2mutants. Furthermore, a redox proteomic approach to quantify reversible oxidation of individual Cysteine residues revealed a relatively more oxidised redox state following exercise in theprdx-2mutants. Our results demonstrate that conserved cytoplasmic 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins are required for the beneficial adaptive response to a physiological stress.
Enhancing flow characteristic and system performance in micropump with heart valve mechanical behavior
Authors: Lai Hsin-Yi , Kang Jing-Hao
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to solve the problems of low flow rate and low efficiency of micropumps in high-frequency applications. This micropump system was proposed to meet the requirements of 1–5 ml/min for microthrusters or drug delivery devices.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, a comprehensive analysis indicator and numerical procedure were disclosed and used to demonstrate the fluid dynamic characteristics and performance of a micropump. Accordingly, the reliability of the two-way coupling calculation was ensured through mutual verification of the real structure and the numerical system.

Findings

The research results indicate that the Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel can realize the contraction and expansion mechanism, allowing the fluid to generate different levels of pressure gradient during the working stroke and also enhancing the characteristics of energy consumption and storage of the flow field.

Originality/value

The pressure gradient between the fluid and PDMS microchannel can facilitate the improvement of the fluid backflow in a micropump. Therefore, in terms of performance improvement, the PDMS micropump increased the maximum backflow and optimum efficiency by approximately 50 and 90%, respectively.
Scarabaeus Sacer: an iconic green brand advocating sustainability in the era of digital economy and connectivity
Authors: Ghalwash Seham , Ismail Ayman , Maurya Mohit
Published: December 2022

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes can only be achieved through using case-based pedagogy. Instructors must encourage students to dive deeply into the case dilemma, so they are able to engage with the case objectives and questions, applying the appropriate theory. By doing so, students can provide solutions based on five core objectives. These are the objectives that students should learn after completing the case discussion: ■ Critique the marketing activities for implications of global branding. ■ Understand the turnaround strategies in the context of the digital economy and COVID-19 crisis to build a global brand and drive B2C customers from awareness and advocacy. ■ Suggest a map of traditional and digital marketing strategies to enhance the company’s efficiency and effectiveness. ■ Discuss the three main sources of influence marketers can implement to drive customers from awareness to advocacy across the customers’ path. ■ Discuss the application of the UN 17 SDGs practices in today’s fashion industry.

Case overview/synopsis

In 2018, Ali El Nawawi and Mai Kassem decided to start up the Scarabaeus Sacer brand to take their passion for social and human development and create ethical fashion streetwear. Scarabaeus Sacer was an Egyptian brand that sold 100% organic Egyptian cotton fashionable streetwear, and the core mission of the fledgling company was “promoting Egyptian organic cotton textiles with a premium quality globally” (Al Nawawi, 2021). While Scarabaeus was mainly guided by the well-being, sustainability, and mental health goals of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) numbers 3, 8, 11 and 12 (good health and well-being; decent work and economic growth; sustainable cities and communities; and responsible consumption and production), their position as an advocacy brand was only beginning to be understood by their customers in Egypt. With the rapid increase of e-commerce during the COVID-19 crisis and their previous international experience, the co-founders wanted to achieve their mission of building a global brand that promotes Egyptian organic cotton and sustainability while offering unique designs of fashionable streetwear. To achieve this mission, the co-founders El Nawawi and Kassem faced major decisions related to marketing strategies at the beginning of 2020. These included how to build global brand awareness and brand advocacy for well-being, sustainability and mental health with a special focus on penetrating new markets (namely, Europe and the USA) to stock their products on e-commerce platforms and advocating their cause and increase their sales.

Complexity academic level

This case is suitable for graduate-level marketing courses in which it allows students to engage with classical marketing strategies, digital marketing, global branding, communication, media and sales within a management framework.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
A network analysis of tourist activity
Authors: Chen Yong
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to model tourist activities in a network and explore the properties of the network. Such network enables the author to explain and quantify how tourist activities are connected in determining tourist consumption as well as the organization of destination supply.

Design/methodology/approach

The author developed a network formation mechanism to create edges between nodes based on the joint probability of a pair of activities undertaken by tourists at a destination. By adjusting network sparsity, the author created an ensemble of four topologically similar networks for empirical testing. The author used tourist activity data of Hong Kong inbound tourists to test the network model.

Findings

The author found a robust hub–periphery topological structure of the tourist activity network. In addition, the network is featured by high clustering, short diameter and positive correlations between four node centralities, namely, degree, closeness, betweenness and eigenvector centralities. The author also generated the k-cores of the networks to further unravel the structure of hub nodes. The author found that the k-cores are dominated by tourist activities related to shopping or sightseeing, suggesting the high complementarity of these activities.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides a different lens through which tourist consumption can be understood from a macroscopic angle by examining network topology and from a microscopic angle by examining node centralities.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study attempting to model tourist activity and consumption in a network and explore the properties of the network. Not only has this study provided a new real-world network for network research, but it has also suggested an innovative modeling approach for tourist behavior research.
Priorities in integrating primary and secondary care: a multimethod study of GPs
Authors: Dunlea Shane , McCombe Geoff , Broughan John , Carroll Áine , Fawsitt Ronan , Gallagher Joe , Melin Kyle , Cullen Walter
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Throughout the world, healthcare policy has committed to delivering integrated models of care. The interface between primary–secondary care has been identified as a particularly challenging area in this regard. To that end, this study aimed to examine the issue of integrated care from general practitioners’ (GPs) perspectives in Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach

This multimethod study involved a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews with GPs in the Ireland East region. A total of 1,274 GPs were identified from publicly available data as practising in the region, of whom the study team were able to identify 430 GPs with email addresses. An email invite was sent to 430 potential participants asking them to complete a 34-item online questionnaire and, for those who were willing, an in-depth interview was conducted with a member of the study team.

Findings

In total, 116 GPs completed the survey. Most GPs felt that enhancing integration between primary and secondary care in Ireland was a priority (n = 109, 93.9%). Five themes concerning the state of integrated care and initiatives to improve matters were identified from semi-structured interviews with 12 GPs.

Originality/value

The uniqueness of this study is that it uses a multimethod approach to provide insight into current GP views on the state of integrated care in Ireland, as well as their perspectives on how to improve integration within the Irish healthcare system.
Narrative encounters of pedagogic partnership, and the development of collegial capital in higher education
Authors: Mariaye Hyleen , Price Mark , Ramasawmy Shalini Jagambal , Melvin Jane , Mohabeer Tejwant
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The study explores the relational encounters of five higher education tutors and programme leaders, working in collaboration across contrasting institutions: one, a modern, civic university in the Global North, and the other, a parastatal institution in the Global South. The purpose of the study is to deepen the understanding of evolving collegiality within a transnational partnership, stimulated by the COVID-19 pandemic related shift to online teaching and learning.

Design/methodology/approach

The inquiry is informed conceptually by the concept of narrative encounter as a site of learning, with inductive, meta-analysis undertaken across our individual reflective narratives.

Findings

The narratives reveal three emergent themes: shared purpose, shared responsibility – through focus, routinised dialogue and concreteness; collective and individual risk-taking – through negotiated decision-making; and trust in self and in peers – through reciprocity, caring, duality and building on stable practices.

Research limitations/implications

The data from which this paper is developed and its related central thesis of collegial capital are limited and partial. However, when agility within higher education partnerships is at a premium, this paper is a useful touchstone for further reflection.

Originality/value

The paper seeks to further the concept of collegiality and collegial capital, a dialogical affordance which enabled the partnership to build on previous collaborative successes.
The interconnectedness across risk appetite of distinct investor types in Borsa Istanbul
Authors: Can Ergün Zeliha , Cagli Efe Caglar , Durukan Salı M. Banu
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the interconnectedness across the risk appetite of distinct investor types in Borsa Istanbul. This study also examines the causal impact of global implied volatility indices on the risk appetite of these investor groups.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a novel time-varying frequency connectedness framework of Chatziantoniou et al. and a new time-varying Granger causality test with a recursive evolving procedure by Shi et al. over June 2008 and July 2022.

Findings

The results show a high level of interconnectedness across the risk appetite of different investor types. The sizable spillovers to domestic types of investors either occur from professional or foreign investors, indicating the long-term dominant effect of foreign and more qualified investors on the domestic investors in Borsa Istanbul. The authors provide significant evidence of causality from the global implied volatility to the Borsa Istanbul risk appetite indices, which are getting stronger after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Originality/value

Unlike the previous studies, the authors analyze the risk appetite sub-indices of various types of investors to reveal behavioral distinctions and interconnectedness across them. The authors use a novel econometric framework to assess investors’ risk appetite in different investment horizons in a time-varying system. Together with volatility index (VIX), the authors also use volatilities of oil (OVX), gold (GVZ) and currency (EVZ), considering the information transmission not only from stock markets but also energy, metals and currency markets. The present data set covers significant financial crises, socioeconomic events and the COVID-19 outbreak.
Corporate social responsibility versus business ethics: analysis of employee-related policies
Authors: Furlotti Katia , Mazza Tatiana
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the relationship between companies’ business ethics (BE) and corporate social responsibility (CSR), with particular reference to policies toward employees, with the aim of understanding if and how the two concepts are linked and to foster a better management of the company-employee relationship through BE and CSR policies.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a content analysis, the authors study three issues related to employees disclosed in Code of Ethics (CE) and CSR report of a sample of Italian companies. Next, using a multivariate regression model, the authors examine the relation between the BE and CSR initiatives, related to employees.

Findings

The findings show that CE and CSR initiatives are negatively related. They are distinct concepts, but since the authors find that they are connected, they must also be considered in terms of their mutual dependence. To standardize practices toward employees in a code may induce the need to establish additional corporate social responsibility initiatives that elicit legitimate stakeholder satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

The analysis focuses on employees, whereas several other CSR aspects that can be explored. Furthermore, additional investigation (through questionnaires or interviews) could deepen this analysis. Furthermore, it might be interesting to consider different countries or more variables, such as cultural differences or different regulations.

Practical implications

The results of this research reveal that BE and CSR initiatives require precise and personalized observations to be properly understood; however, as they are linked, they must also be studied in their mutual interdependencies; this can be very useful to define governance bodies and organizational procedures devoted to BE and CSR issues.

Social implications

This research provides a tool for evaluating and monitoring CSR and BE principles and can be adapted to many business contexts and refer to different stakeholders.

Originality/value

The existing literature on BE and CSR presents opportunities for further study, as these concepts are often studied without insights into their mutual impacts.
Faking it or making it: the politics of consumption and the precariousness of social mobility in South Africa
Authors: Dawson Hannah J.
Published: December 2022

This article critically explores the complex and contradictory meanings attached to conspicuous consumption in an informal settlement on the outskirts of Johannesburg. It examines why un(der)employed young people, especially young Black men, view the trappings of wealth in their midst and dismiss them as ‘fake’. The article shows how the widespread concern with ‘faking it’ indexes the unstable links between consumption, status, and class differentiation in a time of generalized economic insecurity. Accordingly, it maintains that the accusation of ‘fakery’ is not only about jealousy and the dangers of being seen to accumulate money without redistributing it, but also a product of the precariousness that characterizes young people's lives. Ultimately, the article shows how consumption affords a unique window into the values, aspirations, and anxieties of young un(der)employed Black men in a context where ‘proper’ pathways to social mobility are, for most, completely out of reach.
Screening for hazardous alcohol use in the Emergency Department: Comparison of phosphatidylethanol with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Timeline Follow‐back
Authors: Verheij Carolien , Haagsma Juanita A. , Koch Birgit C. P. , Segers Anne E. M. , Schuit Stephanie C. E. , Rood Pleunie P. M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Up to 15% of all visits to the Emergency Department (ED) are alcohol related. Identification of problematic alcohol use is important in this setting because it allows for intervention and prevention efforts. This study investigated the correlation between the objective phosphatidylethanol (PEth) marker and the subjective Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Timeline Followback Questionnaire (TLFB) as screening methods for hazardous alcohol use in the general ED population.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 301 ED patients (57% male) who were seen in the ED and required to give a blood sample. The correlation between the values of PEth (PEth 16:0/18:1 and PEth 16:0/18:2) and the scores on the AUDIT and TLFB were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Differences between risk categories of PEth and AUDIT were also examined.

Results

The Spearman correlation coefficients between PEth 16:0/18:1|PEth 16:0/18:2 values and the AUDIT scores were moderate (PEth 16:0/18:1: 0.67, p < 0.001; PEth 16:0/18:2: 0.67, p < 0.001). Of the patients who scored ‘low risk drinking/abstinence’ according to the AUDIT questionnaire, respectively 1% and 4% had PEth 16:0/18:1|PEth 16:0/18:2 values indicating excessive alcohol use, and another 10% and 12% had PEth 16:0/18:1|PEth 16:0/18:2 values indicating moderate alcohol consumption. Of the 12 (PEth 16:0/18:1) and 25 (PEth 16:0/18:2) patients with high‐risk values, respectively 25% and 40% scored in the lowest risk category on the AUDIT questionnaire. Spearman correlation coefficients between PEth 16:0/18:1|PEth 16:0/18:2 values and TLFB two‐week scores were high (PEth 16:0/18:1: 0.74, p < 0.001; PEth 16:0/18:2: 0.82, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

AUDIT scores were moderately correlated with PEth values in the general ED population. In almost all cases where there was not a good correlation, patients had high PEth values with low AUDIT scores. We conclude that PEth identifies patients with problematic alcohol use who are missed by the AUDIT questionnaire and therefore PEth could be used as an additional screening method for hazardous alcohol use in this population.
What kind of impacts can artwork have on viewers? Establishing a taxonomy for aesthetic impacts
Authors: Christensen Alexander P. , Cardillo Eileen R. , Chatterjee Anjan
Published: December 2022

What kinds of impacts can visual art have on a viewer? To identify potential art impacts, we recruited five aesthetics experts from different academic disciplines: art history, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology and theology. Together, the group curated a set of terms that corresponded to descriptive features (124 terms) and cognitive‐affective impacts (69 terms) of artworks. Using these terms as prompts, participants (n = 899) were given one minute to generate words for each term related to how an artwork looked (descriptive features) or made them think or feel (cognitive‐affective impacts). Using network psychometric approaches, we identified terms that were semantically similar based on participants' responses and applied hierarchical exploratory graph analysis to map the relationships between the terms. Our analyses identified 17 descriptive dimensions, which could be further reduced to 5, and 11 impact dimensions, which could be further reduced to 4. The resulting taxonomy demonstrated overlap between the descriptive and impact networks as well as consistency with empirical evidence. This taxonomy could serve as the foundation to empirically evaluate art's impacts on viewers.
Multi‐proxy evidence for rapidly shifting sediment sources to the Taiwan Western Foreland Basin at the Miocene–Pliocene transition
Authors: Hsieh Amy I. , Dashtgard Shahin E. , Wang Pei‐Ling , Horng Chorng‐Shern , Su Chih‐Chieh , Lin Andrew T. , Vaucher Romain , Löwemark Ludvig
Published: December 2022

The Taiwan Western Foreland Basin is thought traditionally to have received sediment mainly from Eurasia until the late Pliocene–early Pleistocene, after which time, the Taiwan orogen became the dominant source. However, a combination of clay mineralogy, δ13Corg and C/N of organic matter, and mass‐specific magnetic susceptibility of late Miocene to early Pliocene strata of the Kueichulin Formation indicate that onset of major sediment contributions from Taiwan occurred much earlier, and correlates closely to the uplift and initial emergence of the Taiwan orogen. Clay mineralogy shows an upsection increase in illite and illite crystallinity, and a decrease in chlorite and kaolinite after the late Miocene, and this is attributed to rapid erosion of the Taiwan orogen. Results from δ13Corg and C/N analyses show that organic material in the Kueichulin Formation changed from dominantly marine to dominantly terrestrial in the early Pliocene, and this is linked to the delivery of large quantities of terrestrial organic material from the Taiwan orogen to the adjacent Taiwan Strait. Magnetic susceptibility also decreases significantly during the early Pliocene, resulting from dilution of magnetic minerals through the influx of non‐magnetic minerals delivered from the Taiwan orogenic belt. The establishment of the growing Taiwan orogen as a major sediment source to the Western Foreland Basin occurred at the Miocene–Pliocene transition, about two million years earlier than previously recognized.
Emergent roles of maternal microchimerism in postnatal development
Authors: Borges Alexandria , Castellan Flore , Irie Naoki
Published: December 2022

Maternal microchimerism (MMc) is the phenomenon that a low number of cells from the mother persists within her progeny. Despite their regular presence in mammalian pregnancies, the overall cell type repertoire and roles of maternal cells, especially after birth, remain unclear. By using transgenic mouse strains and human umbilical blood samples, recent studies have for the first time characterized and quantified MMc cell type repertoires in offspring, identified the cross‐generational influence on fetal immunity, and determined possible factors that affect their presence in offspring. This review summarizes new findings, especially on the maternal cell type repertoires and their potential role in utero, in postnatal life, and long after birth.
Profit‐maximizing of perennial energy crop production through optimized management practices: A commentary on Zhang et al. (2022)
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Hou Wei
Published: December 2022

I was invited to make a brief commentary on a recent article titled “Determining Spatially Varying Profit‐Maximizing Management Practices for Miscanthus and Switchgrass Production in the Rainfed United States” published in GCBB by Zhang et al. (2022). In the work, they propose management practices to maximize profitability through economically optimal N fertilizer application, temporal and spatial variation, and optimal age rotation of two energy crops. This interesting and thoroughly investigated result would be instructive for the applications of perennial energy crops.
Chewing lice of passerine birds in reed beds in Slovakia, with a special focus onPanurus biarmicus
Authors: Sychra Oldrich , Ošlejšková Lucie , Skoupá Žaneta , Najer Tomáš , Literák Ivan , Papoušek Ivo , Trnka Alfred , Capek Miroslav
Published: December 2022

A total of 1185 passerine birds representing five species were examined for chewing lice in reed beds in southwestern Slovakia in spring (April) 2008, 2009 and 2016. Additional collecting focused only on chewing lice fromPanurus biarmicus(Linnaeus, 1758) (Passeriformes: Panuridae) was carried out in spring (April), summer (July) and autumn (October) 2019. A total of 283 (24%) birds were parasitized by 10 species of chewing lice of four genera:Penenirmus,Menacanthus,Philopterus, andBrueelia. Most birds showed only very light (1–10 lice/host; 74%) to light infestations (11–20 lice/host; 16%). The authors found significantly higher prevalences and mean abundances of chewing lice on residents/short‐distance migrants, that is,P. biarmicus,Acrocephalus melanopogon(Temminck, 1823) (Passeriformes: Acrocephalidae), than on long‐distance migratory birds, that is,Acrocephalus scirpaceus(Hermann, 1804),Acrocephalus schoenobaenus(Linnaeus, 1758) (Passeriformes: Acrocephalidae),Locustella luscinioides(Savi, 1824) (Passeriformes: Locustellidae). No significant difference was found in the total mean intensity of chewing lice between these two groups of birds. Ischnoceran lice were more prevalent and abundant than amblyceran lice on residents and short‐distance migrants, whereas the opposite was found on bird species that migrate long distances. A total of 146 (58%,n = 251)P. biarmicuswere parasitized by 1490 chewing lice. Males ofP. biarmicusshowed higher prevalence and mean abundance than females with gradually descending values of prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity from spring to autumn. The knowledge of the occurrence and population dynamics of lice on wild passerine birds can be useful in endangered species conservation programs and can also be applied to captive passerine birds, which may be analogous to resident birds in this sense.
Uvaria sanyaensis (Annonaceae), a new species from Hainan, China
Authors: Chen Yilan , Liu Dongming , Li Ming , Wang Faguo , Xing Fuwu , Deng Shuangwen
Published: December 2022

Uvaria sanyaensis F.W. Xing sp. nov. (Annonaceae) is described and illustrated from Sanya, Hainan, China. It is similar to Uvaria boniana in not having any stellate hairs except on the flowers, but differs from it by its flowers being maroon red, fruits ovate, ca 8 mm wide, bright red when ripe, leaves coriaceous, ovate or narrowly elliptic, with unclear ring knot curved pinnate veins, and by shorter pedicels which are ca 1.5 cm and monocarp stipes ca 8.2 mm long.
Somatization is associated with altered serum levels of vitamin D, serotonin, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in patients with predominant diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Linsalata Michele , Prospero Laura , Riezzo Giuseppe , Orlando Antonella , D'Attoma Benedetta , Ignazzi Antonia , Russo Francesco
Published: December 2022

Background

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often show psychological disorders, including somatization, usually driven by an altered gut–brain axis. These changes are also accompanied by modifications in the circulating levels of vitamin D (VD) and neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5‐HT) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and circulating levels of VD, 5‐HT, and BDNF in IBS patients with diarrhea (IBS‐D) categorized according to somatization.

Methods

Fifty‐three IBS‐D patients were recruited and profiled for GI symptoms by validated questionnaires. The fasting serum concentrations of VD, 5‐HT, and BDNF were assessed. The health of the intestinal barrier, minimal inflammation, and dysbiosis was also evaluated.

Key Results

Thirty patients showed high somatization scores, IBS‐D(S+), and 23 low somatization scores, IBS‐D(S‐). IBS‐D(S+) patients reported higher “Abdominal pain” and the “Abdominal pain duration in days” scores, lower serum VD levels and increased 5‐HT and BDNF concentrations than IBS‐D(S‐). Besides, in IBS‐D(S+) patients, the GI symptoms correlated with 5HT, BDNF, and VD concentrations. These parameters were associated with impaired small intestinal permeability and increased inflammation markers.

Conclusions and Inferences

These data support the multifactorial IBS pathogenesis in which organic and psychological factors interact. An active role by VD, 5‐HT, and BDNF in affecting the clinical and biochemical profiles in IBS‐D(S+) patients may be conceivable. Therefore, the routine VD estimation and the assay of circulating levels of 5‐HT and BDNF could be considered a new approach for managing these patients.
Genet dynamics and its variation among genets of a clonal plant Convallaria keiskei
Authors: Araki Kiwako S. , Shimatani Ichiro K. , Ohara Masashi
Published: December 2022

In clonal plant populations, a number of genetically identical ramets form a genet. While coexisting ramets potentially perform independently, their behaviours not only depend on ages and sizes but are also constrained by genetic background. In this study, genet dynamics and its variability among neighbouring genets were investigated based on the ramet demography of each genet in Convallaria keiskei. Genet dynamics were first formulated as a matrix model with the two components of clonal growth (clonal reproduction) and survival‐transitions between ramet size classes. Then, a statistical estimation of the matrix elements was established using three datasets: aboveground demographic censuses, belowground directional rhizome connections and genetic identification of ramets. Finally, genet growth rates reflecting both the changes of clonal growth and ramet size growth were estimated and compared for fundamental demographic elements among genets. Over three years of aboveground annual censuses of a 28 × 2 m plot, 2021 ramets were identified as belonging to 28 genotypes. Belowground excavation detected 515 clonal fragments. Genet growth rate of three dominant genets varied with medians of 1.13, 1.02 and 1.05; 95% credible intervals of the posterior distributions did not overlap between the genet with the largest median and the others. The variation was caused primarily by differences in clonal growth rather than survival‐transitions between size classes. Clonal growth by branching was rarer than at the tips but contributed to the maintenance of the genet. Therefore, both clonal growth frequencies and connecting patterns of ramets caused the variation of genet dynamics and established genets persist for a long time through the positive growth rates, which would contribute to maintain a population. We also conclude that fundamental demographic elements relating to clonal growth traits (the features of individual genets) strongly impact genet dynamics.
THE LION ORTHOSTATS FROM HAZOR: AN ADDENDUM TO THE PAPER OF SHLOMIT BECHAR
Authors: Ussishkin David
Published: December 2022

In a paper recently published in this journal, Shlomit Bechar (2021) analyzed the appearance and use of basalt orthostats in Canaanite and Israelite Hazor. The present paper is an addendum to Bechar's paper, elaborating the subject of the basalt lion orthostats found at Hazor. These lion orthostats formed an inseparable component of the ‘orthostats architecture’ characteristic of several monumental buildings in the Canaanite city. The paper discusses their original position, date, style, function, and fate following the destruction of the city.
Associations of sedentary time, physical activity, and fitness with muscle glucose uptake in adults with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Garthwaite Taru , Sjöros Tanja , Laine Saara , Koivumäki Mikko , Vähä‐Ypyä Henri , Eskola Olli , Rajander Johan , Kallio Petri , Saarenhovi Maria , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Sievänen Harri , Houttu Noora , Laitinen Kirsi , Kalliokoski Kari , Vasankari Tommi , Knuuti Juhani , Heinonen Ilkka
Published: December 2022

Objective

The objective of the study was to investigate the associations of sedentary time, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness with skeletal muscle glucose uptake (GU).

Methods

Sedentary time and physical activity were measured with accelerometers and VO2max with cycle ergometry in 44 sedentary adults with metabolic syndrome. Thigh muscle GU was determined with [18F]FDG‐PET imaging.

Results

Sedentary time (β = −0.374), standing (β = 0.376), steps (β = 0.351), and VO2max (β = 0.598) were associated with muscle GU when adjusted for sex, age, and accelerometer wear time. Adjustment for body fat‐% turned all associations non‐significant.

Conclusion

Body composition is a more important determinant of muscle GU in this population than sedentary time, physical activity, or fitness.