bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exogenous melatonin improves drought stress tolerance via regulating tryptophan metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in wheat
Authors: Li Jingyu , Li Yuanxin , Du Mengxue , Zang Dongtian , Men Qingmei , Su Peisen , Guo Shangjing
Published: December 2024

Melatonin (MT) serves an indispensable function in plant development and their response to abiotic stress. Although numerous drought‐tolerance genes have been ascertained in wheat, further investigation into the molecular pathways controlling drought stress tolerance remains necessary. In this investigation, it was observed that MT treatment markedly enhanced drought resistance in wheat by diminishing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and augmenting the activity of antioxidant enzymes POD, APX, and CAT compared to untreated control plants. Transcriptomic analysis disclosed that melatonin treatment activated the tryptophan metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) outcomes validated that the expression trends of these differentially expressed genes aligned with the transcriptomic data. Metabolomic profiling identified alterations in the abundance of several metabolites, including tryptamine, MT, formylanthranilate, 3‐hydroxyanthranilate, 6‐hydroxymelatonin, naringenin chalcone, astragalin, pinbanksin, and caffeoyl quinic acid. Co‐expression analysis suggested that various transcription factors—encompassing AP2/ERF‐ERF, WRKY, bZIP, C2H2, bHLH, NAC, and MYB—participated in controlling the differentially expressed genes across multiple pathways. Ultimately, these findings highlight that exogenous MT application bolsters wheat's drought tolerance through the modulation of tryptophan metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis. These insights provide novel perspectives on the molecular frameworks mediating MT's effect on drought resistance and pinpointing candidate genes for potential genetic enhancement programs in wheat.
The isohydric strategy of Platanus × hispanica tree shapes its response to drought in an urban environment
Authors: Claude Alice , Nadam Paul , Brajon Ludvine , Leitao Luis , Planchais Séverine , Lameth Valentin , Castell Jean‐François , Dellero Younès , Savouré Arnould , Repellin Anne , Leymarie Juliette , Puga‐Freitas Ruben
Published: December 2024

Urban vegetation provides many ecosystem services like heat island mitigation. However, urban trees are subjected to the stresses that they are meant to alleviate, with drought being a main constraint. We investigated the drought response strategy of plane trees (Platanus × hispanica), focusing on stomatal regulation and metabolic remodelling. To address this question, a semi‐controlled experiment was performed in an urban site with fourteen plane trees grown in containers. From May to June 2022, those trees were physiologically characterized in response to a controlled edaphic drought completed by a targeted metabolome analysis focused on amino acids, sugars, polyols and organic acids. Early P. × hispanica response to drought consisted in stomatal closure limiting carbon assimilation and osmotic adjustment, which was likely related to malate and trehalose accumulation. Both allowed the maintenance of stem water potential and Relative Water Content. As the drought became severe, when the extractable soil water content (eSWC) dropped below 30%, a non‐stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was observed and was associated with photosynthetic apparatus damage (reduced chlorophyll content and decrease in Fv/Fm) and a further decline in carbon assimilation. When eSWC decreased below 25%, severe drought induced defoliation. Together, these results highlight the isohydric strategy of P. × hispanica, based notably on osmotic adjustment and explain its resistance to drought combined with other urban constraints. In the context of climatic change in cities, it would be interesting to analyse the impact of successive drought cycles in the long term, aiming for sustainable planning and management of urban trees.
Forty‐eight‐hour cold‐stored whole blood in paediatric cardiac surgery: Implications for haemostasis and blood donor exposures
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Andrews Jennifer , Josephson Cassandra D. , Kuntz Michael T. , Tran Dominique , Jones Jennifer , Kartha Vyas , Do Nhue L.
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

Cold‐stored whole blood (CS‐WB) in paediatric cardiac surgery is making a resurgence, given its identified benefits compared to conventional blood component therapy (CT).

Study Design and Methods

A single‐centre retrospective study was conducted from January 2018 to October 2018 by including children <18 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. ABO‐compatible CS‐WB from non‐directed random donors was leukoreduced with platelet‐sparing filters and compared with CT.

Results

Fifty‐seven patients (30, 53% CS‐WB; 27, 47% CT) were studied. Patient demographics were similar, although CT patients were cooled to a lower intra‐operative temperature. Blood product requirements 24 h post operation were less in the CS‐WB group (11.1 vs. 26.7 mL/kg, p = 0.048). Twelve (40%) patients in the CS‐WB cohort had more than one donor exposure versus 25 (93%) in the CT group (p < 0.001). CT patients compared to CS‐WB patients had a greater decrease in pre‐operative versus 48‐h post‐operative haemoglobin, platelets and prothrombin time. Patients who received CT compared to CS‐WB had a trend towards higher median (interquartile range [IQR]) chest‐tube output (mL/kg/h) in the first 4 h post cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) admission (2.1 [0.8, 3] vs. 1.6 [0.8, 2.2], p = 0.197). There was no difference in antifibrinolytic use, length of stay, sepsis, acute kidney injury or wound infection. Survival to discharge was similar.

Conclusion

CS‐WB in paediatric cardiac surgery may reduce donor exposure and improve haemostatic balance. Future multi‐centre prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and identify patients who would benefit from CS‐WB in paediatric cardiac surgery.
Análise da estrutura e da formação das redes sociais na academia brasileira dos estudos publicados sobre o tema do Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis
Authors: Melo Ribeiro Henrique César
Published: December 2024

Em 2005, no Brasil, foi criado o Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis (CPC), fundado pelo Conselho Federal de Contabilidade (CFC), mediante a Resolução 1.055/2005. O CPC tem como propósito conhecer, organizar e proferir pronunciamentos técnicos e orientações sobre as normas de contabilidade para a produção de relatórios financeiros, levando em consideração, particularmente, os padrões internacionais contábeis. Com isso, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a estrutura e a formação das redes sociais dos estudos publicados sobre o tema do CPC na academia brasileira, sob a óptica da SPELL, entre 2009 e 2023. Foram analisados os periódicos indexados na biblioteca eletrônica SPELL durante tal período. Metodologicamente, para analisar a estrutura e a formação das redes sociais, utilizou-se da técnica de análise de redes sociais (ARS), especialmente com foco nas redes sociais one-mode e two-mode em 300 estudos identificados. As análises desses 300 artigos foram feitas por meio dos indicadores de ARS que são úteis para prover insumos na tomada de decisões em determinados ambientes científicos. Esses índices foram redes two-mode dos períodos e dos autores; redes two-mode dos periódicos e dos autores; redes one-mode de coautoria com foco no degree e no betweenness; redes one-mode de colaboração das Instituições de Ensino Superior com foco no degree e no betweenness; redes one-mode das palavras-chave com ênfase no degree; e redes two-mode dos temas e dos autores. Os principais resultados foram que as redes sociais one-mode possuem baixa densidade e laços fracos; que é a fraca relação entre os atores, impactando no surgimento de baixa coesão interna, que se relaciona com a harmonia entre os atores, influenciando no fluxo de informações e conhecimentos acerca do tema do CPC no Brasil. Este estudo concluiu ao manifestar dados, informações e conhecimentos em estado da arte, por meio dos indicadores sociométricos, sobre o tema do CPC, sob a perspectiva dos artigos publicados nas revistas científicas indexadas na base de dados SPELL, o que contribui para o avanço das pesquisas sobre o referenciado tema no Brasil, e, concomitantemente, para o avanço dos estudos das ciências contábeis. De maneira geral, esta pesquisa também contribuiu ao vislumbrar as características e o comportamento do assunto do CPC no Brasil à luz das redes sociais one-mode e two-mode. Isso mostra uma óptica diferente da conduta e das especificidades dos pesquisadores e de suas respectivas instituições nativas que se envolvem no processo de geração dos saberes acerca do CPC na academia do Brasil.
La interseccionalidad: una aproximación teórico-metodológica a la complejidad de las inequidades en la transmisión madre-hijo del VIH
Authors: Martínez Angarita Julio Cesar
Published: December 2024

Este artículo de revisión teórica presenta una aproximación a la categoría de la interseccionalidad, explorando nuevas maneras de abordar las inequidades en la transmisión madre-hijo del VIH. Se destacan algunos de los desarrollos teóricos más relevantes del discurso interseccional y las críticas emergentes desde diversas corrientes de la epistemología feminista. Además, se examinan varios estudios que emplean el análisis interseccional en el estudio de las inequidades relacionadas con el VIH, y se concluye con reflexiones sobre la importancia de la interseccionalidad en el trabajo en salud pública. Metodología: Se analizaron documentos y artículos científicos en español, inglés y portugués, publicados entre 1991 y 2023, disponibles en Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs, Ebsco y Google Scholar. Resultados: Se revisaron noventa y nueve documentos, de los cuales se seleccionaron sesenta y dos. Conclusiones: La interseccionalidad, como marco analítico en la reflexión sobre la salud pública, es pertinente para avanzar hacia la transformación de las inequidades en los determinantes de la salud y los resultados en salud. Además, sugiere herramientas útiles para el trabajo de abogacía y la elaboración de políticas públicas en salud, con el objetivo de construir una cultura de derechos humanos como eje fundamental del ejercicio político y de la praxis misma en salud pública.
Visita domiciliaria: Aportes a la transformación en la atención a personas mayores con trastornos neurocognitivos en Colombia
Authors: Giraldo Villate Claudia Irene , Medina Chavez Ana Maria , Chimbi Arias Claudia Marcela , Acosta Ospina Laura Elena
Published: December 2024

La atención domiciliaria es el conjunto de actividades que se llevan dentro del hogar de los pacientes con el fin de atender, monitorear y prevenir problemas en el individuo y su cuidador, y así mejorar su calidad de vida. Esta forma de atención implica cambios en el escenario, en los roles y en las relaciones que se establecen tradicionalmente en los servicios clínicos y hospitalarios. Desde una perspectiva interaccionista, este artículo explora cómo, para los distintos actores, la visita domiciliaria de medicina especializada en geriatría y psiquiatría se convierte en un escenario potencial para abordar las necesidades de los pacientes y sus familias ante una enfermedad neurocognoscitiva. Asimismo, explora la importancia de este escenario para el trabajo y la formación interdisciplinar. Se presentan los resultados del análisis de contenido basados en 11 entrevistas semiestructuradas, 2 grupos focales y diarios de campo realizados entre noviembre de 2018 y octubre de 2022. La visita domiciliaria especializada contribuye a que los actores brinden una atención personalizada, humanizada y basada en el establecimiento de la confianza. Además, se constituye en un espacio pedagógico y de formación por excelencia. No obstante, estas visitas enfrentan barreras tanto individuales como comunitarias y sociales. El uso de marcos teóricos y metodológicos provenientes de las ciencias sociales aporta profundidad a la comprensión de este escenario.
A Radiation Heating-Based Oscillatory Polymerase Chain Reaction System for Detecting Donkey-Hide Gelatin
Authors: Chen Jyh Jian , Kuo Tsung Yueh , Sheu Shyang Chwen , Song Yi Syuan
Published: December 2024

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical technique for copying DNA by repeatedly changing the temperature of nucleic acid samples. In this study, we aim to create an oscillatory PCR system with a short reaction time, which could have significant practical implications. The device uses an electromechanical module with a servo motor and a homemade heating–cooling system that combines a halogen lamp, a Peltier element, a cooling fin, and a blower fan. We code the motor program to control the reaction chamber moving back and forth in the infrared thermal cycling system. The system uses one infrared lamp for heating and one Peltier element/thermal dissipation fins/blower fan for cooling to shorten the overall reaction time of the thermal process. Results show that using the radiant heating and convection cooling method and a micro-sample of 10 μL to perform a PCR, the total time spent is 35 min, which saves about 1 h compared to commercially available PCR instruments. The proposed PCR approach could specifically detect donkey-hide gelatin (DHG) made from donkey skin, offering a rapid and cost-effective solution. Therefore, our device has the advantages of easy manufacturing, low cost, and rapid temperature ramping rate for PCR.
Study of Temperature Field in Helical Carcass-Supported Flexible Cryogenic Pipes for Liquefied Natural Gas
Authors: Bu Yufeng , Yan Jun , Yang Zhixun , Fu Ying , Lu Hailong , Yin Yuanchao
Published: December 2024

Helical carcass-supported composite flexible cryogenic pipes (HC-FCP) for liquefied natural gas (LNG) are critical components in floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) storage and offloading systems. The complex cross-sectional structure of HC-FCP must withstand cryogenic temperatures as low as −163 °C, which significantly affects the mechanical properties of the pipe materials. Predicting the temperature distribution within the pipe is essential for evaluating its performance under operational conditions. In this study, a three-dimensional axisymmetric steady-state heat transfer numerical model of HC-FCP is developed, achieving a maximum deviation of only 5.1% when compared to experimental temperature measurements. The temperature field at operational conditions exhibits a gradient distribution along the radial direction and a corrugated distribution along the axial direction. Additionally, the influence of external environmental factors on the pipe's temperature field is analyzed. The results indicate that the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces increases with rising ambient temperature. Similarly, the temperature change between the inner and outer surfaces grows as wind speed increases, although the effect of wind speed on the pipe's temperature diminishes at higher wind speeds.
Three new species of the genus Aceria (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from medicinal plants in Thailand
Authors: Konvipasruang Ploychompoo , Thainoi Kittisak , Buttachon Suradet
Published: December 2024

Three new Aceria species from Thailand are described and illustrated. Aceria krabianae sp. nov. was collected as a vagrant on Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng (Rubiaceae) leaves, and no symptoms were observed on the host plant. Aceria insuavisae sp. nov. was collected on Senegalia insuavis (Lace) Pedley (Fabaceae), inducing galls on both surfaces of the leaves, and Aceria tratae sp. nov. was collected on Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. (Phyllanthaceae), causing the formation of galls on the undersurface of the leaves.
First report of Parapygmephorus Cross (Acari: Neopygmephoridae) from Kerala, India, with description of two new species
Authors: Neeloor Amrutha , Khaustov Alexander A. , James Sachin P
Published: December 2024

Two new species, Parapygmephorus indicus sp. nov., associated with Apis cerana indica (Apidae) and Parapygmephorus malabarensis sp. nov., associated with Gnathonomia sp. (Halictidae), are described from Kerala, India. This is the first record of the genus Parapygmephorus in India.
Evolutionary engineering of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
: Crafting a synthetic methylotroph via self-reprogramming
Authors: Guo Feng , Liu Kang , Qiao Yangyi , Zheng YongMin , Liu Chenguang , Wu Yi , Zhang Zhonghai , Jiang Wankui , Jiang Yujia , Xin Fengxue , Jiang Min , Zhang Wenming
Published: December 2024

Methanol, as a non-edible feedstock, offers a promising sustainable alternative to sugar-based substrates in biochemical production. Despite progress in engineering methanol assimilation in nonmethylotrophs, the full transformation into methanol-dependent synthetic methylotrophs remains a formidable challenge. Here, moving beyond the conventional rational design principle, we engineered a synthetic methylotrophic
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
through genome rearrangement and adaptive laboratory evolution. This evolutionarily advanced strain unexpectedly shed the heterologous methanol assimilation pathway and demonstrated the robust growth on sole methanol. We discovered that the evolved strain likely realized methanol assimilation through a previously unidentified Adh2-Sfa1-rGly (ASrG) pathway, facilitating the concurrent assimilation of formate and CO
2
. Furthermore, the incorporation of electron transfer material C
3
N
4
quantum dots obviously enhanced methanol-dependent growth, emphasizing the role of energy availability in the ASrG pathway. This breakthrough introduces a previously unidentified C1 utilization pathway and highlights the exceptional adaptability and self-evolving capacity of the
S. cerevisiae
metabolic network.
Organic electro-scattering antenna: Wireless and multisite probing of electrical potentials with high spatial resolution
Authors: Desbiolles Benoit , Hanna Jad , Ausilio Raphael , Leccardi Marta Airaghi , Yu Yang , Sarkar Deblina
Published: December 2024

Monitoring electrical potentials with high recording site density and micrometer spatial resolution in liquid is critical in biosensing. Organic electronic materials have driven remarkable advances in the field because of their unique material properties, yet limitations in spatial resolution and recording density remain. Here, we introduce organic electro-scattering antennas (OCEANs) for wireless, light-based probing of electrical signals with micrometer spatial resolution, potentially from thousands of sites. The technology relies on the unique dependence of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate light scattering properties to its doping level. Electro-optic characteristics of individual antennas varying in diameters and operating voltages were systematically characterized in saline solution. Signal-to-noise ratios up to 48 were achieved in response to 100-mV stimuli, with 2.5-mV detection limits. OCEANs demonstrated millisecond time constants and exceptional long-term stability, enabling continuous recordings over 10 hours. By offering spatial resolution of 5 μm and a recording density of 4 × 10
6
cm
−2
, OCEANs unlock new readout capabilities, potentially accelerating fundamental and clinical research.
Approaching the standard quantum limit of a Rydberg-atom microwave electrometer
Authors: Tu Hai-Tao , Liao Kai-Yu , Wang Hong-Lei , Zhu Yi-Fei , Qiu Si-Yuan , Jiang Hao , Huang Wei , Bian Wu , Yan Hui , Zhu Shi-Liang
Published: December 2024

The development of a microwave electrometer with inherent uncertainty approaching its ultimate limit carries both fundamental and technological significance. However, because of the thermal motion of atoms, the state-of-art Rydberg electrometer falls considerably short of the standard quantum limit by about three orders of magnitude. Here, we use an optically thin medium with approximately 5.2 × 10
5
laser-cooled atoms to implement the microwave heterodyne detection. By mitigating various noises and strategically optimizing the electrometer parameters, our study reduces the equivalent noise temperature by a factor of 20 and achieves an electric field sensitivity of 10.0 nV cm
−1
Hz
−1/2
, lastly reaching a factor of 2.6 above the standard quantum limit. Our work also provides valuable insights into the inherent capabilities and limitations of Rydberg electrometers, offering superior sensitivity in detecting weak microwave signals for numerous applications.
Shared mechanisms of enhanced plasmid maintenance and antibiotic tolerance mediated by the VapBC toxin:antitoxin system
Authors: Hollingshead Sarah , McVicker Gareth , Nielsen Maria R. , Zhang YuGeng , Pilla Giulia , Jones Rebekah A. , Thomas Jonathan C. , Johansen Sarah E. H. , Exley Rachel M. , Brodersen Ditlev E. , Tang Christoph M.
Published: December 2024

Toxin:antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria and were first identified as plasmid addiction systems that kill bacteria lacking a TA-encoding plasmid following cell division. TA systems have also been implicated in bacterial persistence and antibiotic tolerance, which can be precursors of antibiotic resistance. Here, we identified a clinical isolate of
Shigella sonnei
(CS14) with a remarkably stable pINV virulence plasmid; pINV is usually frequently lost from
S. sonnei
, but plasmid loss was not detected from CS14. We found that the plasmid in CS14 is stabilized by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in its
vapBC
TA system. VapBC TA systems are the most common Type II TA system in bacteria, and consist of a VapB antitoxin and VapC PIN domain-containing toxin. The plasmid stabilizing SNP leads to a Q12L substitution in the DNA-binding domain of VapB, which reduces VapBC binding to its own promoter, impairing
vapBC
autorepression. However, VapB
L12
C mediates high-level plasmid stabilization because VapB
L12
is more prone to degradation by Lon than wild-type VapB; this liberates VapC to efficiently kill bacteria that no longer contain a plasmid. Of note, mutations that confer tolerance to antibiotics in
Escherichia coli
also map to the DNA-binding domain of VapBC encoded by the chromosomally integrated F plasmid. We demonstrate that the tolerance mutations also enhance plasmid stabilization by the same mechanism as VapB
L12
. Our findings highlight the links between plasmid maintenance and antibiotic tolerance, both of which can promote the development of antimicrobial resistance.

IMPORTANCE

Our work addresses two processes, the maintenance of plasmids and antibiotic tolerance; both contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria that cause human disease. Here, we found a single nucleotide change in the vapBC toxin:antitoxin system that stabilizes the large virulence plasmid of
Shigella sonnei
. The mutation is in the vapB antitoxin gene and makes the antitoxin more likely to be degraded, releasing the VapC toxin to efficiently kill cells without the plasmid (and thus unable to produce more antitoxin as an antidote). We found that vapBC mutations in
E. coli
that lead to antibiotic tolerance (a precursor to resistance) also operate by the same mechanism (
i.e.
, generating VapB that is prone to cleavage); free VapC during tolerance will arrest bacterial growth and prevent susceptibility to antibiotics. This work shows the mechanistic links between plasmid maintenance and tolerance, and has applications in biotech and in the design and evaluation of vaccines against shigellosis.
Acinetobacter baumannii
represses type VI secretion system through a manganese-dependent small RNA-mediated regulation
Authors: Bhowmik Somok , Pathak Avik , Pandey Shivam , Devnath Kuldip , Sett Abhiroop , Jyoti Nishant , Bhando Timsy , Akhter Jawed , Chugh Saurabh , Singh Ramandeep , Sharma Tarun Kumar , Pathania Ranjana
Published: December 2024

Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is utilized by many Gram-negative bacteria to eliminate competing bacterial species and manipulate host cells.
Acinetobacter baumannii
ATCC 17978 utilizes T6SS at the expense of losing pAB3 plasmid to induce contact-dependent killing of competitor microbes, resulting in the loss of antibiotic resistance carried by pAB3. However, the regulatory network associated with T6SS in
A. baumannii
remains poorly understood. Here, we identified an Mn
2+
-dependent post-transcriptional regulation of T6SS mediated by a bonafide small RNA, AbsR28.
A. baumannii
utilizes MumT, an Mn
2+
-uptake inner membrane transporter, for the uptake of extracellular Mn
2+
during oxidative stress. We demonstrate that the abundance of intracellular Mn
2+
enables complementary base pairing of AbsR28-
tssM
mRNA (that translates to TssM, one of the vital inner membrane components of T6SS), inducing RNase E-mediated degradation of
tssM
mRNA and resulting in T6SS repression. Thus, AbsR28 mediates a crosstalk between MumT and T6SS in
A. baumannii
.

IMPORTANCE

Small RNAs (sRNAs) are identified as critical components within the bacterial regulatory networks involved in fine regulation of virulence-associated factors. The sRNA-mediated regulation of type VI secretion system (T6SS) in
Acinetobacter baumannii
was unchartered. Previously, it was demonstrated that
A. baumannii
ATCC 17978 cells switch from T6− to T6+ phenotype, resulting in the loss of antibiotic resistance conferred by plasmid pAB3. Furthermore, the derivatives of pAB3 found in recent clinical isolates of
A. baumannii
harbor expanded antibiotic resistance genes and multiple determinants for virulence factors. Hence, the loss of this plasmid for T6SS activity renders
A. baumannii
T6+ cells susceptible to antibiotics and compromises their virulence. Our findings show how
A. baumannii
tends to inactivate T6SS through an sRNA-mediated regulation that relies on Mn
2+
and retains pAB3 during infection to retain antibiotic resistance genes carried on the plasmid.
Functional assessment of the glycoproteins of a novel Hendra virus variant reveals contrasting fusogenic capacities of the receptor-binding and fusion glycoproteins
Authors: Ma Andrew Z. , Yeo Yao Yu , Lee Jean F. , Kim Colin M. , Ezzatpour Shahrzad , Menchaca Carolina , Upadhye Viraj , Annand Edward J. , Eden John-Sebastian , Plowright Raina K. , Peel Alison J. , Buchholz David W. , Aguilar Hector C.
Published: December 2024

A novel Hendra virus (HeV) genotype (HeV genotype 2 [HeV-g2]) was recently isolated from a deceased horse, revealing high-sequence conservation and antigenic similarities with the prototypic strain, HeV-g1. As the receptor-binding (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins of HeV are essential for mediating viral entry, functional characterization of emerging HeV genotypic variants is key to understanding viral entry mechanisms and broader virus-host co-evolution. We first confirmed that HeV-g2 and HeV-g1 glycoproteins share a close phylogenetic relationship, underscoring HeV-g2’s relevance to global health. Our
in vitro
data showed that HeV-g2 glycoproteins induced cell-cell fusion in human cells, shared receptor tropism with HeV-g1, and cross-reacted with antibodies raised against HeV-g1. Despite these similarities, HeV-g2 glycoproteins yielded reduced syncytia formation compared to HeV-g1. By expressing heterotypic combinations of HeV-g2, HeV-g1, and Nipah virus (NiV) glycoproteins, we found that while HeV-g2 G had strong fusion-promoting abilities, HeV-g2 F consistently displayed hypofusogenic properties. These fusion phenotypes were more closely associated with those observed in the related NiV. Further investigation using HeV-g1 and HeV-g2 glycoprotein chimeras revealed that multiple domains may play roles in modulating these fusion phenotypes. Altogether, our findings may establish intrinsic fusogenic capacities of viral glycoproteins as a potential driver behind the emergence of new henipaviral variants.

IMPORTANCE

HeV is a zoonotic pathogen that causes severe disease across various mammalian hosts, including horses and humans. The identification of unrecognized HeV variants, such as HeV-g2, highlights the need to investigate mechanisms that may drive their evolution, transmission, and pathogenicity. Our study reveals that HeV-g2 and HeV-g1 glycoproteins are highly conserved in identity, function, and receptor tropism, yet they differ in their abilities to induce the formation of multinucleated cells (syncytia), which is a potential marker of viral pathogenesis. By using heterotypic combinations of HeV-g2 with either HeV-g1 or NiV glycoproteins, as well as chimeric HeV-g1/HeV-g2 glycoproteins, we demonstrate that the differences in syncytial formation can be attributed to the intrinsic fusogenic capacities of each glycoprotein. Our data indicate that HeV-g2 glycoproteins have fusion phenotypes closely related to those of NiV and that fusion promotion may be a crucial factor driving the emergence of new henipaviral variants.
Genome sequence of Leptolyngbya phage Dor1, a cyanophage induced from a fish pond
Authors: Cattan-Tsaushu Esther , Pessen Lilach , Avrani Sarit
Published: December 2024

Leptolyngbya phage Dor1 was induced by mitomycin C from a fishpond and was isolated on
Leptolyngbya boryana
IU 594. The 41,522-bp genome of Leptolyngbya phage Dor1 has 93.77% intergenomic similarity with Leptolyngbya phage LPP-1; however, unlike LPP-1, Dor1 carries an HNH endonuclease in its DNA polymerase gene.
Genetic profiling of multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
from a tertiary care center in Malaysia
Authors: Shahari Aisyah Syakirah , Palanisamy Navindra Kumari , Mohd Nor Fadzilah
Published: December 2024

Genetic characterization of multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Acinetobacter baumannii
remains scarce in Malaysia. This study aimed to characterize antibiotic resistance, genomic location, and genetic relatedness among the
A. baumannii
isolates obtained from a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. A total of 128 MDR
A. baumannii
isolates were collected from patients admitted to various wards (intensive care unit [ICU], neonatal intensive care unit, coronary care unit, high dependency ward [HDW], and general wards). The isolates were identified by Vitek 2 and PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene followed by sequencing. The isolates were tested against imipenem, ceftazidime, amikacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin using disk diffusion, Epsilometer test, and broth microdilution. The antibiotic resistance genes,
bla
OXA-23
,
bla
OXA-24
,
bla
ADC
,
bla
VIM,
and
bla
IMP
, were detected in chromosomal and plasmid DNA using PCR. Insertion sequence IS
Aba
1/
bla
OXA-23
gene was detected on chromosomal DNA only. Isolates with different antibiotic susceptibility patterns and PCR profiles were subjected to multi-locus sequence typing. MDR
A. baumannii
was predominantly found in HDW (39.84%), general wards (29.69%), and ICU (28.13%). All isolates conferred resistance to carbapenem and more than 90% resistance to the remaining antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance genes
bla
OXA-23
,
bla
VIM,
and
bla
ADC
were detected in both chromosomal and plasmid DNA. The IS
Aba
1/
bla
OXA-23
gene was detected in 99.22% of the isolates. Four sequence types (STs) were distinguished: ST2 (76.67%), ST164 (10%), ST642 (10%), and ST643 (3.33%). ST164 and ST642 were unique and represent a significant finding in Malaysia’s surveillance data. These STs are associated with acquired
bla
OXA-23
, indicating an evolutionary adaptation of
A. baumannii
within the hospital setting.

IMPORTANCE

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a ubiquitous Gram-negative coccobacillus bacterium that is primarily associated with nosocomial infections that can colonize biotic and abiotic surfaces to enhance cell-to-cell adhesion, ensuring the establishment of infections. To date, the spread of multidrug-resistant
A. baumannii
(MDRAB) has become rampant and a great concern in the hospital setting, as the available antibiotics are insufficient to treat infections. The antibiotic resistance island resides in a mobile element and rapidly evolved. The antibiotic susceptibility data with its resistance mechanisms would contribute to and facilitate the management and infection control caused by MDRAB.
Supplemental Material: Extreme twin densities in calcite—A shock indicator
Authors: Poelchau Michael H. , al. et
Published: December 2024

Details on numerical parameters. 
Supplemental Material: A new exceptionally preserved fauna from a lowest Silurian black shale: Insights into the recovery of deep-water ecosystems after the Late Ordovician mass extinction
Authors: Zong Ruiwen , al. et
Published: December 2024

Stratigraphic data of the Huangshi Fauna, supplementary fossils, geochemical analysis of sponges, and measurements of cephalopods.
Supplemental Material: Interactions between megathrust behavior and forearc deformation in the Andreanof segment of the Aleutian Subduction Zone, offshore Alaska, USA
Authors: Cortés-Rivas Valeria , al. et
Published: December 2024

BSR-based geothermal gradient calculation steps and MCS images without interpretations and extending up to 40 km. 
The Vulnerability of Canadian Forest-Dependent Communities to Climate Change: an Indicator-Based Approach
Authors: Montpetit Annie , Doyon Frédérik , Chiasson Guy
Published: December 2024

In Canada, recent forest disturbance episodes like insect outbreaks, forest fires and drought have significant consequences on forest ecosystems while future climate change is expected to result in more severe impacts. These effects of climate change will impact the communities that depend on forests for their livelihood. Effective responses from forest-dependent communities require a comprehensive understanding of climate change impacts and of adaptive capacity assets at the local scale. Vulnerability assessments documenting sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity dimensions have the potential to fill that baseline information gap. This article uses an indicator-based approach to describe the vulnerability to climate change of Canadian forest-dependent communities. We used indicators derived from the 2016 Canadian census to describe the vulnerability of 2270 census subdivisions: 6 indicators were developed for sensitivity, 14 for exposure, and 27 for adaptive capacity. Hierarchical clustering was carried out to distinguish archetypes for each vulnerability dimension. Groupings confirmed that communities experience different vulnerability types across the country. Mapping of vulnerability types showed a strong longitudinal effect of exposure while regionally, it varies more latitudinally due to variation in sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The approach provides relevant baseline information for crafting adaptation strategies tailored to the characteristics of forest-dependent communities.
A simple and accurate Dosi-Tube method for estimating ammonia loss from in-season nitrogen application in corn fields
Authors: Kang Jongwon , Drury Craig F. , Calder Wayne , Melenhorst Ben , Lauzon John , Kim Jinwook , Nasielski Joshua
Published: December 2024

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major nitrogen (N) loss pathway for surface-applied fertilizers containing urea. The Dosi-Tube method developed by Van Andel et al. on manured fields without a crop canopy measures NH3 volatilization using wind speed and Dosi-Tubes. Here, we adapted the Dosi-Tube method to accurately and inexpensively measure NH3 volatilization from fertilizer N applied within corn canopies. NH3 losses were measured from surface-applied UAN and urea, with or without a urease inhibitor, via both Dosi-Tube and wind tunnel methods over two seasons in Woodslee, Ontario. A newly developed empirical model demonstrated improved accuracy in predicting NH3 fluxes.
Quasinormal modes of regular black holes with sub-Planckian curvature and Minkowskian core
Authors: Tang Chen , Ling Yi , Jiang Qing-Quan , Li Guo-Ping
Published: December 2024

We investigate the perturbation of the scalar field as well as the electromagnetic field over a sort of regular black holes which are characterized by the sub-Planckian curvature and the Minkowskian core. Specifically, we compute the quasinormal modes (QNMs) by employing the pseudo-spectral method. The outburst of overtones is manifestly observed in the QNMs of these regular black holes, which can be attributed to the deviation of the Schwarzschild black hole by quantum effects of gravity. Furthermore, the QNMs under the perturbation of electromagnetic field exhibit smaller real and imaginary parts than those under scalar field perturbation. By comparing the QNMs of the regular black hole featured by Minkowskian core with those of Bardeen black hole featured by de Sitter core, we find they may be an effective tool to distinguish these BHs.
Effects of selected physical parameters on the gamma-ray-induced EPR signal of glycine dosimeter
Authors: Aboelezz E. , Sharaf M. A.
Published: December 2024

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetric characteristics of glycine irradiated with a broad range of gamma doses, ranging from 0.1 Gy up to 100 kGy, were examined. Further physical parameters were investigated, such as irradiation temperature, dose fractionation, fading for different isothermal annealing temperatures, and UV exposure. The gamma dose response of glycine represents ~ 36% of that of alanine at a gamma dose of 5 kGy, and this ratio decreases as the gamma dose increases. The calculated detection limit is about 130 mGy. There is no significant variation in the EPR intensity of exposed glycine due to the change in the intermediate intervals between the two fractions. The optimum annealing temperature and duration time overcoming the fading impact for immediate readout of glycine after irradiation were found to be 110 °C for 15 min. UVC induces a broad peak in the unirradiated glycine sample at the same position that overlaps with the dosimetric peak of gamma rays. Keeping the glycine dosimeter in the dark is recommended to prevent the UV effect.
Computational analysis of equivalent porous conditions in realistic coiling techniques for hemodynamic evaluation of ICA aneurysms
Authors: Haie T. , Ali Rifaqat , Albadr Rafid Jihad , Sharma Aman , Dhawan Aashim , Sharma Prabhat , Taher Waam Mohammed , Alwan Mariem , Jawad Mahmood Jasem , Mushtaq Hiba
Published: December 2024

Intracranial aneurysms (ICAs) pose significant health risks, and endovascular coiling remains a widely adopted technique for their treatment. This study investigates the hemodynamic effects of coiling in ICA aneurysms by introducing an equivalent porous condition to simulate realistic coil deployments. The equivalent porous model enables a computationally efficient representation of coil-induced flow alterations without compromising the fidelity of hemodynamic analysis. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), we simulate blood flow within aneurysms treated with varying coil densities and configurations to evaluate their impact on flow velocity, wall shear stress and vorticity. The study aims to provide insights into how coil deployment affects intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics, including potential flow stagnation and clot formation. This work presents the evaluated coiling for the real coiling by comparison of the hemodynamic factors of wall shear stress. Our findings demonstrate the validity of the equivalent porous condition for predicting treatment outcomes, offering a valuable framework for optimizing coil design and placement strategies in clinical settings. This work contributes to advancing patient-specific treatment planning and improving therapeutic efficacy for ICA aneurysms.
A computational study of multi-soliton of good Boussinesq equation and Euler–Bernoulli beam model via nonpolynomial spline algorithm
Authors: Sharma Naina , Sharma Sachin
Published: December 2024

A numerical method based on the nonpolynomial spline technique, incorporating half-step points in the spatial direction, is developed to address fourth-order partial differential equations, such as multi-soliton of good Boussinesq equation and the Euler–Bernoulli beam model. The good Boussinesq equation governs the phenomena of shallow water waves propagation. The interaction between single and multi-soliton in the good Boussinesq equation is illustrated across various time levels, resulting in the emergence of bell-shaped and periodic solitons under specific parameter settings. Additionally, both 3D and 2D plots are employed to visualize the numerical solutions of benchmark problems, examining the wave behavior under Gaussian initial conditions. The proposed scheme demonstrates stability when applied to the linearized good Boussinesq equation. Moreover, numerical findings underscore the efficacy of the proposed approach compared to previously established methods.
Contrastive Learning for Enhanced Retrieval on Online Medical Platforms
Authors: Han Xinming , Ouyang Yu , Song Jie , Liu Zihang , Wang Cong
Published: December 2024

Online medical platforms have rapidly developed in recent years. Due to search inaccuracies and incomplete information provided by doctors, some suitable doctors are excluded during the first-stage retrieval. To enhance doctor retrieval and reduce user search costs, obtaining disease word embeddings is essential. Existing methods primarily rely on external corpora and sentence context, which may not align with downstream tasks, and many languages lack standardized medical corpora. Therefore, we integrate contrastive learning with medical knowledge to generate and augment data using simulations and propose a simple network structure for training on the constructed samples. We created two task datasets based on the platform’s data. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework achieves superior outcomes with lower embedding dimensions. In the similarity task, our framework attains an accuracy of 0.854, and in the retrieval task, it achieves an F1 score of 0.853, surpassing the current best results. Our framework has been successfully implemented on Baidu Health, one of the China’s largest online medical platforms, serving over 10 million users. This framework effectively simulates a doctor retrieval system, optimizing the process to ensure more accurate and comprehensive retrieval of suitable doctors.
Novel design of a high-frequency radio frequency quadrupole accelerator for medical application
Authors: Liu Guo-Ting , Zhou Wen-Ming , Yuan Chen-Zhang , Gu Long
Published: December 2024

Proton therapy is an advanced particle radiotherapy technology. Lanzhou University recently designed a new linear accelerator system for proton therapy. In the system, a 750[Formula: see text]MHz radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator was used to complete the initial acceleration of particles. The RFQ can accelerate a proton beam intensity of 1[Formula: see text]mA from 30[Formula: see text]keV to 3[Formula: see text]MeV kinetic energy within a length of 2[Formula: see text]m. This paper aims to complete the physical design of this high-frequency RFQ, including beam dynamics design, radio frequency (RF) design, and multiphysics analysis. In the dynamics design, a novel design strategy for controlling the longitudinal emittance was adopted to improve the output beam quality of the RFQ. The simulation results showed that the RFQ outlet longitudinal emittance was controlled below 0.1 [Formula: see text] mm mrad. In the RF design, the pi-mold rod structure was applied to RFQ at such high frequencies for the first time. After the whole cavity simulation, it was found that the separation between the operating frequency of the RFQ cavity and its closest dipole mode reached 58.3[Formula: see text]MHz, and its quality factor reached 6352. Finally, a multiphysics analysis was performed. The analysis showed that the maximum temperature rise of the RFQ cavity was less than [Formula: see text]C and the frequency drift due to heating was 18[Formula: see text]kHz. This paper presents the current status of the design of this new linear accelerator. Compared with previous RFQs, the new RFQ has a very high transmission efficiency and higher RF stability.
The impact of Kuo and the Kuo–Brown interaction on the nuclear physics research in Stockholm
Authors: Qi Chong , Liotta Roberto
Published: December 2024

In this contribution, we give a brief overview over the historical development of shell-model-related experimental and theoretical nuclear physics activities at KTH Royal Institute of Technology that benefited from the classic Kuo–Brown interaction and the fundamental insight of Kuo on the core polarization effect.
On the anisotropic Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg type inequalities: Existence, symmetry breaking region and symmetry of extremal functions
Authors: Bao Jiguang , Chen Xiangzhi
Published: December 2024

In 2021, Li and Yan considered a more general and improved anisotropic version of the Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg celebrated interpolation inequalities [Formula: see text] in dimensions [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and gave necessary and sufficient conditions for which to hold under natural assumptions on the parameters.

In this paper, we study the Li–Yan inequality with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and answer some fundamental questions concerning these inequalities such as the existence and symmetry breaking region of extremal functions, and their symmetry properties.
Vibration Characteristics and Unstable Regions of a Functionally Graded GPL-Reinforced Aluminum-Based Truncated Conical Shell with 1:1 Internal Resonance
Authors: Ma Wensai , Li Dongxiao , Yang Shaowu , Lu Shufeng , Song Xiaojuan , Huang Song , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

This paper provides a full-scale parametric study on the dynamic characteristics and unstable regions of a functionally graded graphene platelet-reinforced (FG-GPLR) aluminum-based truncated conical shell under 1:1 internal resonance condition. The modified Halpin–Tsai mechanical model is applied to predict the effective physical property parameters of the FG-GPLR aluminum-based truncated conical shell under different graphene distributions (GPL-U, GPL-O, and GPL-X). First, under the influence of temperature, based on the first-order shear deformation theory and von-Karman nonlinear strain–displacement relations, the motion equations of the simply supported FG-GPLR aluminum-based truncated conical shell are obtained using Hamilton’s principle and the Galerkin method. Second, by applying the multi-time scale perturbation analysis method, the coupled averaged equations in polar coordinates are derived. Subsequently, amplitude–frequency and force–amplitude response curves are plotted to study the effects of various parameters, including graphene distribution, graphene weight fraction, in-plane excitation amplitude, tuning parameter, structural dimensions of GPLs, temperature, damping coefficients, and phase angle, on the vibration characteristics. Finally, the unstable regions of the zero solution under different parameter variations are analyzed based on the Jacobian matrix. The results indicate that the GPL-X distribution is the optimal graphene distribution. The weight fraction of graphene is the primary factor influencing the vibration characteristics and unstable regions.