bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUCCESS FACTORS FOR POST-DISASTER PERMANENT HOUSING: EXAMPLE OF TURKISH EARTHQUAKES
Authors: KÜRÜM VAROLGÜNEŞ Fatma
Published: December 2020

Investigating the social, economic and physical characteristics of settlements created after the disaster will raise awareness about reconstruction. In this study, firstly, a literature review was conducted in order to determine long-term satisfaction indicators for permanent housing use in resettlement areas. The data obtained are reduced and grouped with hierarchy and affinity diagrams. Qualitative data obtained from the literature were analyzed on nine settlements previously exposed to earthquakes in Turkey by model pairing and content analysis techniques. With this research, determining the indicators that affect long-term satisfaction (such as 50 years) will contribute to new research. As a result, it has been determined that the identity, lifestyle and employment opportunities of the victims are not taken into account in housing construction in Turkey in post-earthquake reconstruction. It was observed that most of the disaster housings built in the 50 years between 1970 and 2020 in Turkey do not carry the traces of the local texture. When the results of the study are examined, the importance of an approach that integrates environmental functions and socio-economic structure is seen in the creation of new residential areas. This holistic approach will ensure that community-based indicators are also included in the production of permanent housing. This study offers an important contribution in terms of determination of indicators influencing long-term satisfaction in resettlement programs by drawing attention to physical, social, cultural and economic factors in terms of permanent housings built after earthquakes in Turkey.
Spectral features, temperature and electron density properties of lightning M-component
Authors: Wang Xue-Juan , Xu Wei-Qun , Wang Hai-Tong , Yang Jing , Yuan Ping , Zhang Qi-Lin , Hua Le-Yan , Zhang Yuan-Kan ,   Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China,   Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China,   Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics & Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of  Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Published: December 2020

Using the spectra of the three M-components following a first return stroke recorded by a slitless spectrograph, the spectral features of the M-components are analyzed. Combining with plasma theories, the temperatures and the electron densities of the M-components in the channel core and outer corona sheath are calculated. The variations along the channel of these two parameters are studied, and compared with the corresponding return stroke. The results show that the spectra of the M-components are different from the spectrum of the return stroke. The optical radiation of the M-component is primarily from the spectral lines in infrared waveband. The temperature of the M-component in the channel core can reach 40000 K. The electron density of the M-component in the channel core is on the order of 1018 cm–3. The temperature of the M-component in the external corona sheath is about 20000 K. The electron density of the M-component in the external corona sheath is on the order of 1017 cm–3. The temperature of the M-component in the channel core decreases with height increasing, while that in the external corona sheath increases with channel height increasing. The electron density of the M-component in the channel core basically does not change with channel height. Whereas, the electron densities in the external corona sheath for two M-components with hard light at the upper end of the channel increase with channel height increasing, and the electron density for one M-component with weak light at upper end of the channel basically does not change with the channel height. By comparison, the temperature in the core channel and in the external corona sheath of the corresponding return stroke both increase with channel height. The electron density in the core channel and in the external corona sheath of the corresponding return stroke both basically remain constant along the channel.
The ESCRT machinery regulates retromer-dependent transcytosis of septate junction components in Drosophila
Authors: Pannen Hendrik , Rapp Tim , Klein Thomas
Published: December 2020

Loss of ESCRT function inDrosophilaimaginal discs is known to cause neoplastic overgrowth fueled by mis-regulation of signaling pathways. Its impact on junctional integrity, however, remains obscure. To dissect the events leading to neoplasia, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on wing imaginal discs temporally depleted of the ESCRT-III core component Shrub. We find a specific requirement for Shrub in maintaining septate junction (SJ) integrity by transporting the claudin Megatrachea (Mega) to the SJ. In absence of Shrub function, Mega is lost from the SJ and becomes trapped on endosomes coated with the endosomal retrieval machinery retromer. We show that ESCRT function is required for apical localization and mobility of retromer positive carrier vesicles, which mediate the biosynthetic delivery of Mega to the SJ. Accordingly, loss of retromer function impairs the anterograde transport of several SJ core components, revealing a novel physiological role for this ancient endosomal agent.
Adquisición y transmisión del conocimiento experto a través de la traducción de las guías turísticas de arquitectura
Authors:   Universidad de Córdoba (España), Álvarez Jurado Manuela
Published: December 2020

La indudable relevancia del sector turístico en España ha ido en aumento en los últimos años, lo que ha supuesto una considerable ampliación de la tipología textual, así como un incremento del nivel de exigencia del turista debido a su mayor nivel de conocimientos. En el presente trabajo se plantea la necesidad de que el traductor adquiera el conocimiento experto en el aula de traducción para abordar la traducción de textos turísticos semiespecializados. Se ha elegido la guía de arquitectura ya que presenta una serie de características que la convierte en texto-bisagra entre la guía turística y el texto arquitectónico especializado. La publicación por parte de la Junta de Andalucía de las guías de arquitectura de las ocho provincias andaluzas ha permitido dar a conocer el patrimonio arquitectónico andaluz al turista interesado en ello. Traducidas solamente al inglés, estas guías se han convertido en una herramienta muy útil en el aula de traducción de textos turísticos.
Positive reviews on TripAdvisor: a cross-linguistic study of contemporary digital tourism discourse
Authors:   Universidad de Gante (Bélgica), Cenni Irene , Goethals Patrick ,   Universidad de Gante (Bélgica)
Published: December 2020

The emergence of the Web 2.0 profoundly changed the tourist experience and its modes of interaction and communication. Among the most pervasive forms of contemporary tourism discourse we find online reviews posted on social media platforms as TripAdvisor. Previous research on online travel reviews focused almost exclusively on negative reviews and mostly considered monolingual English dataset. In the present study we will explore positive reviews and we will add a cross-linguistic analysis comparing reviews written in English, Italian and Dutch. In this contribution, we first explore the move structure of reviews, and then delve into their different linguistic realizations, paying particular attention to potential cross-linguistic similarities and divergences. Our results show that positive reviews are generally formed by four main moves: positive and negative evaluations, offering extra/background information and future-oriented recommendations. These moves represent stable and recurrent features in reviews written in all three languages under examination. Further, also the topics of the reviews display a cross-linguistic tendency towards similarity, with the preferred topics being the accommodation, its services and the staff. The findings also highlight some divergences among the three language groups, especially not on what is said but on how it is said. For instance, in reviews written in Italian we found expressions of thankfulness and congratulations to the staff, while these are practically absent in the other languages. Moreover, we observed that Italian reviewers tend to realize positive evaluations in a more intensified way (e.g. through the use of superlative lexical expressions) while these strategies are used far less frequently in British and Dutch reviews. With this study we seek to contribute to research in the field of (digital) tourism discourse providing one of the first discourse-oriented analyses on reviews of positive polarity. Moreover, performing a comparative analysis, we aim at gaining a deeper insight on the issue of multilingualism within (online) tourism communication.
Turismo de salud: análisis de páginas web y su traducción a otros idiomas
Authors:   Universidad de Córdoba (España), Cobos López Ingrid
Published: December 2020

En el mundo global en el que vivimos, la movilidad de personas de unos países a otros es cada vez mayor. Los motivos que favorecen dicho movimiento suelen ser vacacionales, laborales o porque se busquen unos servicios determinados en otros países debido a la calidad o el precio, entre otros. Uno de los servicios cada vez más demandado es todo lo relacionado con la salud; por ello, varios países han incrementado sus esfuerzos por tener una política sanitaria más internacional y tratar de posicionarse como destinos de salud. España reúne las mejores condiciones para convertirse en una potencia internacional del turismo de salud. Para ello, una de las primeras medidas que deben de cumplir los servicios sanitarios es su visibilidad en el mercado internacional, es decir, que sus páginas web y sus servicios estén disponibles a nivel global en otros idiomas. En el presente trabajo, pretendemos revisar las páginas web de los principales proveedores de servicios de salud en España y analizar las traducciones y los problemas que tuvieran, en su caso.
La semiótica visual como estrategia de neuromarketing en textos digitales de promoción turística y su importancia para la traducción
Authors:   Universidad de Córdoba (España), Policastro Ponce Gisella
Published: December 2020

El traductor turístico debe tener presente que la heterogeneidad e interdisciplinariedad que caracterizan al lenguaje del turismo (Calvi, 2006) requieren ir más allá de lo puramente lingüístico, en la medida en que para poder crear en el consumidor-turista algún tipo de motivación que le impulse a manifestar una conducta determinada es necesario un procesamiento previo de la información percibida a partir de estímulos verbales y no verbales (Alonso Rivas y Grande Esteban, 2013). El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre los procesos cognitivos que figuran detrás de una decisión en la aplicación de estrategias de neuromarketing en textos turísticos y cómo estos se materializan a través del uso de dos recursos semióticos visuales: la imagen y el color. En esencia, se trata de una imbricación conceptual e interpretativa que se deberá tener en consideración al realizar la traducción de este tipo de textos.
Los textos necroturísticos: caracterización y desafíos para su traducción (francés-español)
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla (España), Luque Janodet Francisco
Published: December 2020

El necroturismo es un área poco estudiada desde la turismología y los estudios en lingüística, terminología y traductología. De hecho, el desconocimiento de este tipo de turismo se traduce en un número restringido de investigaciones, a menudo muy locales, y ha provocado que no se tengan datos o cifras a nivel nacional o regional. La presente contribución pretende complementar los estudios ya emprendidos en turismología, realizando para ello un análisis discursivo de los textos necroturísticos en francés y en español. Así pues, compilaremos un corpus textual en ambos idiomas, compuesto por guías turísticas, folletos y páginas webs. De esta manera, estudiaremos las características léxico-semánticas, morfosintácticas y pragmático-culturales de estos textos, con el fin, además, de facilitar su traducción. Nuestro estudio concluye que no existe un discurso necroturístico como tal, sino un discurso turístico particular, caracterizado por una gran interdisciplinariedad y por los numerosos campos semánticos que nutren su léxico, como la arquitectura y el arte. Hemos observado, además, que nos encontramos ante un discurso muy marcado por la cultura, ya que cada sociedad tiene una relación particular con la muerte y los lugares de inhumación.
Sobre el texto turístico promocional como unidad de significado: los componentes espacial, temporal y prospectivo
Authors:   Universidad de Córdoba (España), Castellano Martínez José María
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación propone analizar los denominados textos turísticos promocionales en cuanto unidades de significado que operan en el contexto discursivo turístico. A partir del concepto de significante mitológico propuesto por Febas (1978) en el marco de la teoría de la comunicación turística, y considerando los principios del funcionalismo traductológico, se aprecian tres componentes en este tipo de textos en lo que respecta a su justificación denominativa “turística” y “promocional”: el componente espacial, el componente temporal y el componente prospectivo. El desarrollo argumentativo y teórico de dichos componentes encuentra apoyo en el corpus textual trilingüe (español, francés, inglés) extraído del material promocional del Instituto de Turismo de España – TURESPAÑA.
Viaje o turismo a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX
Authors:   Universidad de Valencia (España), Pinilla Martinez Julia
Published: December 2020

Los relatos de los viajeros franceses del siglo xix a España y su visión exótica del país son bien conocidos. Muchos fueron los que dejaron plasmadas sus impresiones sobre el país, desde autores tan populares como Georges Sand y su obra Un hiver à Majorque (1855), traducida en 1902, hasta la ginebrina Valérie de Gasparin. En 1869, se publicó en París una de sus obras À travers les Espagnes, cuya versión en español se tituló Paseo por España (Valencia, 1875). La traducción de esta obra constituye el punto de partida de nuestro artículo, pues enlaza directamente con la prensa como vehículo de información “turística” sobre las diferentes ciudades de España. En este trabajo expondremos la relevancia de los libros de viajes, la prensa e incluso los libros de arquitectura como Espagne, Portugal. Notes historiques et artistiques sur les villes principales de la Péninsule ibérique, del arquitecto francés Gustave Clausse (París, 1889), en la evolución paulatina del viaje al turismo.
La productividad de la lengua alemana en la creación terminológica del sector turístico: el turismo de salud. Aproximaciones desde la traducción
Authors:   Universidad de Córdoba (España), Ramírez Almansa Isidoro
Published: December 2020

El turismo de salud está ganando cada vez más importancia desde un punto de vista económico en España. Alemania es uno de los principales países emisores de turistas para España tanto en número de turistas como en gasto, por lo que este país tiene un gran potencial en el campo del turismo de salud. Entre la diversa oferta que España ofrece al turista de salud, el servicio más demandado por el turista alemán es el de tratamientos de salud y bienestar. Estas preferencias del turista alemán hacen que la traducción de todo el volumen de textos pertenecientes al ámbito de la salud y el bienestar sea necesaria a la vez que rentable en términos económicos. Con este fin, en primer lugar, estudiaremos los procesos de formación de palabras en lengua alemana para posteriormente analizar cómo estos procesos han creado terminología propia del ámbito mencionado. De esta forma, pretendemos facilitar la labor de la gestión terminológica de estos textos, así como su labor de traducción ante la inexistencia de recursos bilingües DE-ES especializados en la terminología del turismo de salud.
Traducción, historia y turismo: relatos de viajeros por la España del siglo XIX. Alexandre Laborde y su Voyage pittoresque (1806), vertido a la lengua castellana por Juan Fernández de Rojas en 1807
Authors:   Universitat de València (España), Campos Martín Natalia María
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se analiza la relación entre la literatura de viajes, el lenguaje relacionado con el turismo que se encuentra en un relato de viajes de principios del siglo XIX y la traducción. Este tipo de textos se puede considerar como un género híbrido que baila entre la literatura y la historia como fuente de estudio del turismo. Desde una perspectiva traductológica, este tipo de documentos brinda aportes interesantes para el estudio del turismo como fenómeno de la realidad moderna en donde confluyen historia, literatura y traducción, teniendo en cuenta que los libros de viaje son un compendio de experiencias directas, coetáneas a los hechos descritos, que poseen tres rasgos esenciales: son relatos reales, descriptivos y con predominio de la subjetividad frente a la objetividad. En este sentido, todo viaje se puede tomar en consideración desde una doble perspectiva histórica: (1) la interpretación de lo observado y experimentado, los lugares, los edificios, las gentes o las instituciones de los espacios visitados; (2) la capacidad de comprender la especificidad del momento histórico y cuya perspectiva deja su huella en el momento de la escritura. La obra que nos ha servido para demostrar estos principios es el Viaje pintoresco e histórico de España, de Alexandre de Laborde (1773-1842), que tiene fecha de 1807, un texto que parece ser el resultado de la traducción del primer volumen del Voyage pittoresque et historique de l’Espagne (1806) de Alexandre Laborde, publicado en París en la imprenta de Pierre Didot. Sus cuatro volúmenes contienen un compendio de historia política y civil, muchos monumentos arqueológicos y más de 900 grabados gracias a la colaboración de grandes dibujantes y grabadores. El primer volumen sobre Cataluña tuvo una primera edición en español, muy limitada y prontamente desaparecida, materializada gracias a la Imprenta Real y dedicada a Godoy en calidad de mecenas. La traducción fue llevada a cabo por Juan Fernández de Rojas, monje agustino de la escuela poética salmantina y del movimiento ilustrado de finales del XVIII. A través del estudio de la obra en castellano en contraste con la francesa, se establecerán las ricas sinergias entre el turismo, la historia y la traducción.
Henoch Schonlein Purpura as Late Manifestation of Hepatitis A Infection
Authors: Jindal Prateek , Bhalla Kapil , Neha . , Nanda Sanjiv
Published: December 2020

An uncommon presentation of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Infection is cutaneous vasculitis. This report is about a seven-year-old male patient that came to the pediatric emergency with complaints of bilateral swelling of lower limbs and pain in right knee for the last three days. Patient had history of jaundice one month back. On examination, he was febrile and had swelling over right knee with decreased range of movements and multiple palpable purpura over lower extremities and buttocks. Laboratory evaluation showed deranged Liver Function Test (LFT) and positive HAV IgM antibodies. Histopathological examination of skin biopsy was suggestive of leukocytoclastic vasculitis and IgA deposition. Final diagnosis of Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) was established based on clinical findings and skin biopsy findings which are usually sufficient for confirmed diagnosis. Patient was admitted and managed conservatively with oral analgesics. After a few days, patient was discharged in satisfactory condition.
Use of Echogenic Needles for Ultrasound-guided Transversus-Abdominis-Plane Block: Better Visibility Transforming into Better Postoperative Analgesia
Authors: Daunaria Deepak , Hemlata . , Singh Gyan Prakash , Kohli Monica , Shukla Nidhi , Kanaujia Shashank Kumar
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Ultrasound (USG)-guided Transversus-Abdominis-Plane (TAP) block is recommended due to its safety and reliability. Echogenic needles provide better needle visibility and might result in better postoperative analgesia after USG-guided TAP block. Aim: To compare visibilty and block-characteristics (including postoperative analgesia) of echogenic vs. non echogenic needle for USG-guided TAP block. Materials and Methods: This randomised double-blind study was carried out at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow over a period of one year (November 2018 to October 2019). Seventy patients undergoing abdominal surgeries were enrolled and randomly allocated to one of two groups Group-E (echogenic) and Group-NE (non echogenic). Bilateral TAP block was performed postoperatively in all the patients and 20 mL of 0.25% Bupivacaine was deposited on each side. In Group-E, echogenic needle was used and in Group-NE, non echogenic needle was used for TAP block. Research assistant documented the start and finish time of the block procedure, number of attempts and redirections based on predetermined criteria. Visibility of needle tip and shaft were graded on a 3-point scale based on recorded and de-identified video-clips. Total procedure-time, number of needle redirections and skin punctures, incidence of vascular punctures, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and rescue analgesia requirement were also noted. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 21.0. Results: Needle visibility on USG was significantly better in Group-E than Group-NE (χ2=57.24, p<0.001). Mean time to reach the TAP plane (t=-16.89, p<0.001) and total procedure time (t=-15.76, p<0.001) were also significantly lesser in Group-E. Mean number of needle redirections (t=-11.21, p<0.001), mean number of skin punctures (t=-2.12, p=0.038) and postoperative VAS scores throughout the study were found to be significantly lesser in group-E as compared to group-NE. Postoperative analgesia required in 24 hour was lesser in group-E and time of first rescue analgesia required was earlier in group-NE (p<0.001). Patients in both the groups were haemodynamically stable throughout the study. Conclusion: Use of echogenic needle for USG-guided TAP block provides much better needle-visibility resulting in better block-performance. It also provided better analgesia in our study as evident by lesser VAS-scores and lesser requirement of rescue analgesia postoperatively. So, use of echogenic needle should be advocated in all the patients undergoing USG-guided TAP blocks provided there are no financial constraints.
A Study of Serum Lipid Profile Changes in Children with Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and its Correlation with Severity in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Prabhuraj A , Kumaravel KS , Rekha V Anu , Nithiyapriya A , Sampathkumar P , Anand M Vijay
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Dengue Virus (DENV) infection now remains as the most rapidly spreading viral disease worldwide. Lower lipid level occurs in critically ill patients with DENV infection and is postulated as an independent predictor of the clinical outcome. Aim: To find the correlation between serum lipid levels and severity in children admitted with various grades of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and secondarily to correlate serum lipid levels with factors like platelet count and duration of hospital stay. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study done in the Paediatric ward from October 2019 to December 2019. Febrile Children with a platelet count of less than 1 lakh/cu.mm and positive for DENV IgM antibodies by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) formed the study group. Demographic details, number of days of fever on admission, duration of stay in hospital and severity grading of DENV infection as per the National guidelines were collected. These children were evaluated with Complete Blood Counts (CBC), fasting lipid profile, X-ray chest and ultrasound abdomen. Mean and standard deviation was used for categorical variables. Chi-square test was used to assess the strength of association between lipids and severity of DENV infections. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess R value between length of stay and serum lipid levels. Results: The Total Cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Triglyceride and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) showed a simple linear decline as the severity grade advanced from grade I to grade IV. However, statistical significance was found only for total cholesterol and LDL with p-values of 0.046 and 0.041 respectively. The distribution of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) across the grades of severity did not follow any pattern and was randomly distributed. On analysis of Pearson correlation between number of days of hospital stay and lipid profile, statistical significance was observed for LDL alone (p=0.023). Conclusion: The serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL were significantly reduced in severe grades of DHF. Serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL can be used as an economical surrogate marker to predict the severity of DHF at the time of admission.
Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness of Radiation Hazards and Protection among Patient’s Relative in Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: Nwodo Victor Kelechi , Chiaghanam Ndubuisi Ozoemena , Ogolodom Michael Promise , Ohagwu Christopher Chukwuemeka , Nwodo Charles Ugochukwu , Agbadaola Oladotun Albert , Mbaba Awajimijan Nathaniel , Ezenma Innoent Chinweike , Abubakar Umar
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Significant level of exposure of patient’s relatives to ionising radiation during medical imaging procedures has been observed and no attention has been paid to the knowledge of radiation hazards of patient’s relatives that follow the patient for a procedure. Aim: To assess the knowledge and awareness of radiation hazards and protection among patient’s relatives in Southeast, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a questionnaire hospital-based survey, which was conducted in two teaching hospitals, and one national hospital in Southeast Nigeria from January 2019 to June 2019. A 21 items semi-structured questionnaire were administered to 376 patient’ relatives selected purposively based on the inclusion criteria using one-on-one method. Information on demographic variables of the respondents, knowledge of ionising radiation effect, radiation protection and source of their knowledge of ionising radiation were collected. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Majority of the participants were females 221 (58.78%). Most of the participants, 263 (69.95%) did not have knowledge of ionising radiation. Only 118 (31.38%) knew that ionising radiation is hazardous to health. Greater number of the participants 289 (76.86%) were informed by the radiographers about the effects of ionising radiation while 87 (23.14%) read about it. Larger number of the participants, 325 (86.44%) had no idea about the meaning of radiation protection. Majority of the participants 287 (76.33) assisted their relatives during the examination. Most of the participants, 269 (71.54%) said they have seen the radiation warning sign before. Conclusion: This study revealed poor level of knowledge and awareness of radiation hazards and protection among patient’s relatives. It is obvious that public education will contribute immensely in the promotion of awareness of the harmful effect of ionising radiation and radiation protection measures.
A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL TRIAL OF KARSHYAHAR LOUHA CHURNA AND PLACEBO GODHUMA CHURNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ATIKRISHA PATIENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE KARSHYA
Authors: Tiwari Amar Singh , Tiwari Bharti , Gupta Satish Chand
Published: December 2020

Karshya is the abstract noun which reflects the quality of Krisha person along with the word denotes to keep short, to become lean, to become emaciated, to lessen, diminish, alternate, weak, feeble, spare, small, little, minute, insignificant from the above description it is clear that Karshya can be taken as the nutritional deficiency disorder which may result due to under nutrition or malnutrition. An effort has been taken to find out the clinical efficacy of Karshyahar Louha Churna and Godhuma Churna in the management of Karshya roga. Sixty karshya patients of either sex were randomly selected from Swasthavritta O.P.D. and I.P.D. of Rani Dullaiya Smriti Ayurved Post Graduate College and Hospital, Bhopal, M.P., India. Overall, in this study Karshyahar Louha Churna is 64.05% and Godhuma Churna is 46.28% having clinical efficacy.
HAIR AND HAIR CARE: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: P Sailekha , Mangalath Manu R
Published: December 2020

Beautiful and healthy hair is a sign of health and beauty. Knowledge of hair and hair care is important to achieve that. This article reviews the anatomy, diseases and the diagnosis of common hair diseases. It also suggests the general management, nutritional requirements and hair care methods. Hidden harms of the hair products are also discussed. Understanding one's hair problems and managing them rationally can help to maintain the hair and also to revive them.
A REVIEW ON PRONIOSOMES: A PRO-COLLOIDAL PARTICULATE DRUG CARRIER
Authors: Swamy P V , Sucharitha Ch , Babu G Surendra
Published: December 2020

Colloidal particulate carrier systems are the systems which carry particulates in a nanometre size. These systems are substantially effective for transportation and distribution of variety of loaded drugs to desired site and increase efficacy and decrease toxicity, to provide therapeutic activity in a controlled manner for a prolonged period of time. One such new emerging colloidal systems is proniosomes which has capacity to improve the bioavailability and also permeation of drugs across the stratum corneum to provide a controlled release action and reduce toxic effects associated with drugs. These are the dry formulations of water-soluble non-ionic surfactant coated carrier systems which immediately on hydration form niosomes. They have the capacity to overcome the various problems associated with niosomes and liposomes, like instability, transportation, distribution, storage and dosing. They offer versatile drug delivery concept for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They have the capacity to deliver drugs effectively through different routes at specific site to achieve controlled release action. This review concentrates on preparation, characterization, components, structure, types, evaluation parameters, proniosomes in drug delivery and targeting, toxicities associated with proniosomes, proniosomes versus niosomes, clinical applications, mechanism of vesicle formation in proniosomes and future trends associated with it. Also, drug delivery via different routes, such as oral, parenteral, topical and transdermal, ocular, vaginal, mucosal, pulmonary and intranasal were discussed.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF VIRECHANA KARMA WITH TRIVRITADI KWATH AND SHAMAN CHIKITSA WITH AVIPATIKARA CHURNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF URODAHA (RETROSTERNAL BURNING) IN AMLAPITTA (ACID PEPTIC DISORDER)
Authors: Poonia Ritesh , Gupta Arun
Published: December 2020

In the recent years there has been an unprecedented increase in the incidence of Gastrointestinal System disorders due to change in lifestyle, diet pattern, behavioral pattern, mental stress and also hazardous use of painkillers. Ayurveda comes with varieties of treatment options to cure the GI disorders without causing any harmful effect. The aim of this study is to compare between Shodhan and Shaman therapy in Amlapitta, to evaluate the efficacy of Virechana Karma and Shaman Chikitsa. The criterions of diagnosis of patients was based on sign and symptoms of Amlapitta and Ayurvedic and modern text. Two groups were taken, and duration of study was of one month. In group A, virechana therapy was given with Trivritadi Kwath, and in group B, shaman therapy was given with Avipatikara churna. Follow up of patients was done after given therapy. Result shows that shodhana therapy is more effective than shaman therapy in patients of Amlapitta.
Modeling the Distribution of Radiofrequency Intensities from the Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV) Broadcasting Transmitter in Kampala Metropolitan; Uganda
Authors: Opio Peter , Kisolo Akisophel , Ireeta Tumps W. , Okullo Willy
Published: December 2020

This study presents the modeling of the distribution of RF intensities from the Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV) broadcasting transmitter in Kampala metropolitan. To  achieve this, the performance evaluation of the different path loss propagation models and envisaging the one most suitable for Kampala metropolitan was done by comparing the path loss model values with the measured field Reference Signal Received  Power (RSRP) values. The RSRP of the DTTV broadcasting transmitter were measured at operating frequencies of 526 MHz, 638 MHz, 730 MHz and 766 MHz using the Aaronia  Spectran HF-6065 V4 spectrum analyzer, Aaronia AG HyperLOG 4025 Antenna at 1.5 m and 2.5 m heights, Aaronia GPS Logger, real time Aaronia MCS spectrum-analysis-software and   a T430s Lenovo Laptop. On comparing the measured path loss values with the various  path loss prediction model values, results showed that Egli and Davidson models are the  most accurate and reliable path loss prediction models for the distribution of DTTV RF  intensities in Kampala metropolitan, since their Root Mean Square Error values were the least for both routes.
Current Status of Pandemic COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Milesh Ligi , Mathew Twinkle , Kushwaha Ramesh Kumar , Halder Shoumi , Jadhav Rushikesh , David Anjlina , Harish K. , Madhu Renuka , Ashok Krishna
Published: December 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading worldwide rapidly from its original city of China. Corona virus has the presence of positive sense Ribonucleic acid (RNA) genetic material. The infection causes mild respiratory disease especially in humans across all age groups. The widespread distribution of corona virus in other organisms such as birds, livestock and mammals such as bats, pangolins etc. makes it an important pathogen of concern. It has also been reported the number of people that act as healthy carriers of the virus are approximately 2%, where they do not show any symptoms of the infection but act as a prime source of transmission. Transmission of the virus is usually through large droplets generated during sneezing and coughing and thus can remain viable for several days in favorable atmospheric conditions but can be controlled by the usage of disinfectants. World Health Organization recommends isolation as most efficacious method for the containment of patients that are affected by this virus. At present, there are no particular anti-viral medications or vaccines are correctly present to suppress this infection from spreading. However, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have proved to be effective for assessing viral RNA but may prove to be very time-consuming assay. Thus, as per the present scenario, more research should be carried out to develop a rapid, user-friendly, diagnostic assay which has high specificity and sensitivity at mass level screening thus enabling the further process of drug designing.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Knowledge among University Students
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Khan Salah-Ud-Din , Saad Eldowaik Mohamed Salah , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid
Published: December 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of ALS among students in a university in Malaysia.

Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was performed among the students of three different healthcare provider faculties (Medical, Pharmacy and Dental) in a university with the help of pre-validated research questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 24.0 was used to analyze and present the data.

Results: A total of 268 university students from three faculties participated in the current study. The medical faculty students and final year students had more appropriate knowledge towards the ALS.

Conclusion: Overall appropriate knowledge was observed among the studied faculty students. The present study concluded that medical students had adequate knowledge of ALS than the other two faculty students.
Experiences of telemedicine in neurological out‐patient clinics during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug , Sandset Else Charlotte , Winsvold Bendik Slagsvold , Faiz Kashif Waqar , Storstein Anette Margrethe
Published: December 2020

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to rapid changes in the delivery of medical care worldwide. The main objective of this survey was to investigate the initial experiences of neurologists with the use of telemedicine for different neurological conditions during the first phase of the COVID‐19.

Methods

All hospital‐based neurologists in Norway (n = 400) were invited to a questionnaire survey by e‐mail in April 2020. The study focused on telemedicine and all questions were answered with regard to the first weeks of the pandemic lockdown in Norway.

Results

One‐hundred and thirty‐five neurologists responded. Overall, 87% reported a shift toward more telemedicine, with significantly more use of telephone than video consultations for both new referrals (54% vs. 30%, P < 0.001) and follow‐ups (99% vs. 50%, P < 0.001). Respondents deemed it much more professionally satisfactory to conduct follow‐up consultations by telephone, than to carry out consultations with new patients by telephone (85% vs. 13%, P < 0.001). Teleconsultations were better suited for headache and epilepsy patients as compared to multiple sclerosis and movement disorder patients. There was no significant difference between residents and senior consultants regarding how they experienced teleconsultations. Female neurologists found telemedicine better and more effective than male neurologists.

Interpretation

Telemedicine was rapidly implemented in Norwegian neurological departments during the first weeks of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Teleconsultations were better suited for follow‐ups than for new referrals, and better for headache and epilepsy patients as compared to multiple sclerosis and movement disorder patients.
Mechanical Properties, Microstructural Features, and Correlations with Solidification Rates of Al–Cu–Si Ultrafine Eutectic Alloys
Authors: Gouveia Guilherme L. , Gomes Leonardo F. , Cheung Noé , Garcia Amauri , Spinelli José E.
Published: December 2020

Due to their optimized mechanical properties under rapid solidification, Al–Cu–Si ultrafine eutectic alloys have been highlighted. The literature does not, however, establish correlations between thermal solidification parameters, mechanical properties, and microstructures of these alloys. Knowledge of cooling rates and growth rates and their associations with mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Si ultrafine eutectic alloys can guide the search for controlled and optimized processing conditions. Considering these issues, the present study analyzes the correlations between microstructures and mechanical properties of Al–15 wt% Cu–7 wt% Si, Al–22 wt% Cu–7 wt% Si, and Al–26 wt% Cu–7 wt% Si alloys produced by centrifugal casting in a copper mold. For this, Al–Cu–Si alloys’ samples with a stepped solidified form are subjected to microstructural assessment and mechanical properties characterization methods. The results show the existence of phases such as Al‐rich, Si, and Al2Cu in different proportions for each cylindrical casting part. Eutectic bimodal structures have been observed. With the increase in either alloy Cu content or solidification cooling rate, increase in hardness is observed. However, the compressive strength is shown to be unaffected by the microstructural scale. These variations are discussed to guide the best balance of properties. Samples of the Al–26 wt% Cu–7 wt% Si alloy produced under eutectic growth rates between 0.8 and 1.2 mm s−1 are those with superior properties.
Aggregation‐enhanced theranostics: AIE sparkles in biomedical field
Authors: Kang Miaomiao , Zhang Zhijun , Song Nan , Li Meng , Sun Panpan , Chen Xiaohui , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2020

Theranostics referring to the ingenious integration of diagnostics and therapeutics has garnered tremendous attention in these years as it provides a promising opportunity for modern personalized and precision medicine. By virtue of the good biocompatibility, outstanding fluorescence property, easy processability and functionalization, promoted photosensitizing efficiency, as well as facile construction of multi‐modality theranostics, fluorophores with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics exhibit inexhaustible and vigorous vitality in the field of theranostics. Numerous significant breakthroughs and state‐of‐the‐art progression have been witnessed in the past few years. This review highlights the tremendous aggregation‐enhanced superiorities of AIE luminogens (AIEgens) in disease theranostics mainly involving diagnostic imaging (fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence), therapeutic intervention (photodynamic therapy), and feasibility in construction of multi‐modality theranostics based on the experimental measurements and theoretical simulations. Additionally, the latest and advanced developments of AIEgens in disease theranostics in the aspect of corresponding strategies to design highly effective AIE‐active theranostics through triggering aggregation formation are comprehensively summarized. Moreover, a brief conclusion with the discussion of current challenges and future perspectives in this area is further presented.
Dual‐layer membrane with hierarchical hydrophobicity and transport channels for nonpolar organic solvent nanofiltration
Authors: Fu Zheng‐Jun , Wang Zhen‐Yuan , Liu Mei‐Ling , Cai Jing , Yuan Pu‐An , Wang Qian , Xing Weihong , Sun Shi‐Peng
Published: December 2020

Nonpolar solvent separation is widely used in petroleum, chemical, food industries, but traditional separation methods consume intensive energy. State‐of‐art organic solvent nanofiltration membranes require complex modifications for nonpolar solvent transport. For the first time, we propose the concurrent modification of the surface, interface and support layer of dual‐layer membranes with three additives (perfluorodecylamine, fluoro substituted aromatic amine, silica nanoparticles) in a one‐step cocasting process. A delamination‐free dual‐layer membrane was obtained with a hierarchical hydrophobicity and transport channels. The novel designed structure elevated the pure n‐hexane permeance (28.75 L m−2hr−1bar−1) by 3 orders of magnitude with a high lecithin rejection (98.7%). This method of synergistically controlling the hierarchical structures and properties of dual‐layer membranes can significantly shorten the preparation process of high‐performance nonpolar solvent nanofiltration membranes.
Photo and pH Dual‐Responsive Supramolecular Vesicles Based on a Water‐Soluble Tribenzotriquinacene and an Azobenzene‐Containing Amphiphile in Water
Authors: Wang Xin‐Rui , Li Man‐Ping , Xu Wen‐Rong , Kuck Dietmar
Published: December 2020

We synthesized a new water‐soluble tribenzotriquinacene‐based hexacarboxylate (TBTQ‐C6, or H) which can associate with an azobenzene‐containing amphiphile (trans‐AZO) to form the H ⊃ trans‐AZO supra‐amphiphile by host‐guest interactions in water. This supra‐amphiphile further self‐assembles into photo and pH dual‐responsive vesicles. The reversible conversion between the vesicles and micelles can be easily controlled by both UV or visible light irradiation and pH adjustment. This work represents the first study of stimuli‐responsive TBTQ‐based supramolecular vesicles, which may have potential applications in various fields such as controlled drug delivery systems.
Addressing the Perioperative Nursing Shortage Via a Perioperative Nursing Preceptorship for Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Manz Julie , Williams Katherine , Jessen Jennifer , Kirkpatrick Amanda
Published: December 2020

A growing demand for perioperative nurses, insufficient interest in the perioperative nursing specialty, and nurse retirements have resulted in a perioperative nursing workforce shortage. Undergraduate nursing students’ limited exposure to perioperative content, along with facility hiring practices that exclude recently graduated nurses, further contribute to this shortage. To address these concerns, a large health care system in the midwestern United States partnered with a college of nursing to institute a perioperative preceptorship for baccalaureate nursing students during their final semester. After completing the preceptorship, students reported increased understanding of perioperative nursing roles and responsibilities, time management, and patient safety skills; ability to work effectively as a part of an interdisciplinary team; and independence in the perioperative setting. Future study is needed to examine rates of matriculation among program graduates into perioperative nursing positions and the program’s effect on the length of orientation for recently graduated nurses and nurse retention.
Clinical Issues—January 2021
Authors: Cahn Julie
Published: December 2020

THIS MONTH

Containment of unopened sterile supplies during procedures

Key words: unopened sterile instruments, unopened sterile supplies, contamination, containment, event-related sterility.

Contamination of solutions in sterile basins

Key words: sterile basin, splash basin, instrument table, solution contamination, surgical site infection.

Preventing contamination of solutions in sterile basins

Key words: sterile basin, splash basin, instrument table, solution contamination, airborne particulates.

Surgical mask selection

Key words: surgical mask, product label, facial fit, barrier level.
Performance of the sulfonated poly ether ether ketone proton exchange membrane modified with sulfonated polystyrene and phosphotungstic acid for microbial fuel cell applications
Authors: Samaei Seyed Hesam‐Aldin , Bakeri Gholamreza , Lashkenari Mohammad Soleimani
Published: December 2020

In this research, the preparation of low cost proton exchange membranes (PEMs) based on sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) for application in the microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is studied. Sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) and phosphotungstic acid (PWA) were employed to improve the performance of PEM through the creation of more proton pathways. At first, the sulfonation of PEEK and polystyrene were performed through two modified methods to obtain uniform and high degree of sulfonation (DS) of the polymers and then, the PEMs were prepared through the solution casting method. Accordingly, the formation of uniform skin layer was confirmed by the SEM micrographs. Blending the aforementioned additives to the SPEEK polymer solution significantly enhanced the proton conductivity, water uptake and durability of the modified membranes. The proton conductivities of SPEEK/SPS and SPEEK/PWA membranes at additive/SPEEK weight ratio of 0.15 were 45.3% and 26.2% higher than that of the commercial Nafion117 membrane, respectively. Moreover, the degradation times for the abovementioned modified membranes were 140 and 350 min which indicated satisfactory oxidation stability. Besides, the aforementioned membranes exhibited two times more water uptake compared to the neat SPEEK membrane. Finally, SPEEK/SPS and SPEEK/PWA membranes produced 68% and 36% higher maximum power in the MFC, compared to the commercial Nafion117 membrane. Therefore, the fabricated PEMs are potentially suitable alternatives to be used in the fuel cell applications.