bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and clinical presentation of rhino-orbital mucormycosis: Lesson learnt during Covid pandemic
Authors: Kusumesh Rakhi , Singh Vivek , Sinha Shivani , Ali Mobashir S. , Mishra Sarita K. , Ambasta Anita , Prakash Ved , Sinha Pravek , Sinha Bibhuti P. , Priyadarshi Rajeev N.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To analyze the potential predisposing factors and clinical presentation of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19.

Material and Methods:

Medical records of 141 patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) treated at a tertiary care center in Bihar were reviewed. The predisposing factors, clinical features, and imaging findings of mucormycosis were analyzed.

Results:

The median age was 48 years (IQR, 43-60). A total of 58 patients developed concurrent CAM and 83 post-CAM. The median interval between COVID-19 and onset of CAM symptoms was 15 days (IQR, 9–16). A total of 80 patients received at-home treatment for COVID-19, and 73 had mild-to-moderate disease. While 61 patients received in-hospital treatment, 57 had severe disease. At presentation, 131 patients had hyperglycemia: 64 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 67 new-onset DM. The history of glucocorticoid use for COVID-19 was present in 125 patients; 47% were administered at home without monitoring plasma glucose. The common presenting features were toothache, periocular or facial pain, and edema. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis was the most common. Imaging revealed rhinosinusitis in all patients, including pansinusitis (68%), pterygopalatine fossa involvement (21%), cavernous sinus thrombosis (38%), brain abscess (8%), and infarct (4%). All patients received intravenous liposomal amphotericin B, and surgical debridement was performed in 113.

Conclusion:

COVID-19 patients with hyperglycemia are at risk of developing CAM, irrespective of the severity. Timely recognition of symptoms and prompt initiation of therapy by primary healthcare physicians are imperative for enhancing outcomes. Additionally, glucocorticoid overuse should be avoided, and close monitoring for hyperglycemia development is warranted.
Oral health assessment and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare and private hostels – A comparative study
Authors: Ojha Soumya , Bhargava Ananya , Bhargava Apoorva , Singh Swapnil , Yadav Siddhi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Oral health is an integral part of general health. Providing oral health care facilities and creating awareness about the oral health problem in under-served children and communities may lead to a better oral-health-related quality of life of the individual. The present study aims to assess and compare the oral health status and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare hostels and other private hostels of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh.

Materials and Methods:

The present descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of a total sample size of 800 children, 400 in each group (tribal welfare hostel and private hostel groups). Oral health status and treatment needs were assessed using World Health Organization proforma 1997. Oral health behavior including health of teeth and gums, oral hygiene aids, brushing frequency, consumption of sweets in between meals, and present general and oral health was assessed. Utilization of dental services was also assessed using a pre-designed questionnaire, which was completed by the study participants.

Results:

Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test. Significant differences were noted between the groups in regarding oral health behaviors and visit to a dentist during the past 12 months (P = 0.002*), which were lower in tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children (P = 0.043*). Decay in permanent teeth (P = 0.006*) and missing of permanent teeth (P = 0.05*) were higher among tribal children.

Conclusion:

The present study revealed a poor oral health status and treatment needs of tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children. Decay in permanent teeth and missing of permanent teeth were higher among tribal children. Oral health behaviors and utilization of dental services were lower in tribal children. Good oral health has a definitive influence on general health and thus contributes to self-image and social interaction.
Influence of social media on psychological health of youth during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Balpande Leena S. , Pusdekar Yamini V. , Bhagat Sayali S. , Patil Purva D. , Saoji Ajeet V.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Medical undergraduates, being away from their institutes due to the lockdown, are at a greater risk of being affected by the negative news, which may easily instill fear and panic among them. Therefore, the present study was planned with the objective to study the effects of media exposure on the psychological health of undergraduate medical students at a tertiary health institute.

Aim:

To assess the psychological effects of social media/media use and coping mechanisms adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Settings and Design:

Tertiary care teaching Institute and Cross-sectional study.

Material and Methods:

It is a cross-sectional observational study performed among (under graduate) UG students, which was assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire including the pre-validated DASS-21 scale.

Statistical Analysis:

Data collected was entered in MS Excel. Descriptive statistics and correlation of the study variables were analyzed while controlling for demographics using Epi-info software version 7.2.2.

Results:

It was observed that around one-fifth of the participants have moderate depression, followed by mild 10.97%; one-fifth of the participants have moderate levels of anxiety 20.41% followed by extremely severe anxiety 13.27% and about two-thirds of the study participants having no stress 64.29% followed by mild stress 14.80% and moderate stress 9.69%.

Conclusion:

There was a significant psychological impact of the use of social media among young populations, particularly anxiety, stress, and depression with exposure to negative news and reports on social media platforms.
Drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, and health conditions in India: Findings from the national sample survey
Authors: Vennu Vishal
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Uncertainty exists in the drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, and health conditions due to mosquitoes and flies across India. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the availability of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, and health in India.

Methods:

We used secondary analysis data on 95,548 household members from the National Sample Survey, which included 113,822 homes and 555,351 persons across India between June 2017 and 2018.

Results:

About 36.4% of household members stated that tube wells or boreholes outside the property at a distance of less than 0.2 km were their main source of drinking water. More than 87% of respondents said that the water they drank was free of impurities, and 55.1% said that it had not been treated. About 45.7% of respondents stated that there were no bathrooms in the dwellings. More than 50% of the time, according to the respondents, garbage was not collected. A flea or mosquito problem was reported by about 97% of households. Around 97% of households reported fevers that were caused by a disease.

Conclusion:

In India, poor access to drinking water, sanitary facilities, good hygiene, and healthcare existed. The results will support the next visionary programs to increase living standards in the country.
DRESS syndrome due to anti-TB drugs: A complex case with successful re-desensitization of group A drugs
Authors: Morán-Mariños Cristian , Llanos-Tejada Felix , Salas-Lopez Juan , Chavez-Huamani Antonella , Casanova-Mendoza Renato , Villanueva-Villegas Renzo
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare, life-threatening adverse reaction caused by certain medications. Clinical findings usually include rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia, and in some cases, they may affect major organs. This reaction caused by antituberculosis (TB) medication poses a public health risk due to treatment discontinuation, adherence, or success in cure. We present a 23-year-old female patient who developed DRESS syndrome as a result of group A anti-TB drugs (ATDs), an exceedingly rare occurrence. The patient’s medication was successfully retrieved using a re-desensitization protocol.
Long-COVID-19 Impact in non-hospitalized patients: Sleep and quality of life 24 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Mudgal Shiv K. , Patidar Vipin , Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Suman , Gaur Rakhi , Agarwal Rajat , Varikasuvu Seshadri Reddy , Gupta Pratima , Varshney Saurabh
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:

Sleep disruption and reduced quality of life are common long coronavirus disease (COVID) manifestations, affecting survivors irrespective of initial COVID-19 severity. Limited research investigates symptoms beyond 24 months post-infection. We aimed to address this gap by longitudinally studying sleep patterns and overall quality of life in non-hospitalized adults, 24 months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods:

This prospective observational study involved the enrolment of 337 adult non-hospitalized patients in a consecutive fashion. Individuals with past COVID-19 (from 15 April 2020 to 30 June 2021) were examined at two Government hospitals and completed a telephone interview between 1 May 2023 and 30 June 2023, located in Jharkhand, India. Participants were queried about their sleep patterns and quality of life, utilizing the DSM5 LEVEL 2 and EQ-ED-5L tool, respectively.

Results:

Among 337 non-hospitalized participants, 212 completed the survey. Within this group (59.4% men, mean age 38), 36 (17.0%) experienced sleep impairment. All five dimensions of quality of life (QoL) were adversely affected in long COVID patients. Advanced age, high income, residing in rural or semi-urban areas, and having comorbidities were associated with a higher likelihood of decreased quality of life across various domains. Conversely, participants who were married, employed in healthcare or government positions, and vaccinated exhibited a reduced likelihood of experiencing lower quality of life.

Conclusion:

Long COVID-19 affects sleep and quality of life, with various demographic and clinical factors influencing outcomes. This study provides insights into the extended consequences of long COVID-19 and aids healthcare systems in addressing the challenges posed by this condition.
Perception and practice of the eight limbs of yoga in yoga teachers: A cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Alam Kaushal Kumar , Gangwani Nonita , Mohan Mamta
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Yoga is an ancient wisdom that originated in India and encompasses eight limbs, including yama, niyama, asanas, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, and samadhi. Despite its holistic nature, many studies on yoga tend to focus solely on its physical aspects, breathing practices, and meditation, neglecting other essential components. To address this gap, a study was conducted to determine the perception and practice of all eight limbs of yoga among yoga teachers.

Method:

A self-designed questionnaire containing 28 items was used for assessing the knowledge, perception, and practice of the eight limbs of yoga among yoga teachers. A total of 37 yoga teachers participated in the study. Cross-tabulation was performed to analyze the data.

Results:

The majority of participants (>80%) in this study on the practice of astanga yoga reported that all limbs of yoga were essential in their practice. However, there were varying degrees of emphasis placed on each limb. Pranayama (91.9%) and asana (89.2%) were given the most emphasis, while niyama (75.7%), yama (73%), pratyahara (70.3%), dhyana (70.3%), and dharana (64.9%) were given slightly less emphasis. Interestingly, those with more experience placed greater emphasis on various aspects of yoga.

Conclusion:

Practitioners should embrace all eight limbs of yoga when introducing it to new populations to increase access to yoga. This will help promote the benefits of yoga and make it more accessible to those who may benefit from it. Health professionals should have a comprehensive understanding of the holistic practice of yoga, including its ethics, postures, breath, mindfulness, and meditation, to promote its maximum benefits and avoid potentially harmful practices.
Prevalence and risk factors of gastro-esophageal reflux disease among college students at a public university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bin Abdulrahman Khalid A. , Alsaif Abdullah F. , Almehaidib Ibrahim A. , Almtehe Mohammed A. , Alqahtani Nawaf M. , Alabdali Abdulaziz K.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. It manifests when the lower esophageal sphincter malfunctions, causing the stomach’s contents to reflux into the esophagus, lead to discomforting symptoms. Heartburn and regurgitation are the typical symptoms of GERD. This study aims to determine the prevalence of GERD and assess its risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted at IMSIU, Saudi Arabia. An online survey was distributed to the students’ email addresses to determine the prevalence of GERD, its related risk factors, and understanding of its symptoms.

Results:

One thousand five hundred and thirty-three (1533) students participated in the survey. The prevalence of GERD was 34.6%. The majority (79.7%) of the respondent students had heard of GERD. Stress is believed to be a factor in developing GERD by 35.7% of students. Heartburn was the predominant symptom of GERD (76.2%). No association existed between the socio-demographic traits of those with GERD except for age and academic year.

Conclusions:

It is imperative to raise public awareness of the disorder’s characteristics and its modifiable risk factors to prevent the emergence of GERD and its complications.
Practice makes perfect: The learner–doctor blueprint for proficient physicians
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Pise Rainita , Joshi Abhishek
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

In the process of producing competent and efficient medical graduates, clinical teaching is an integral component of undergraduate training. Even though clinical training has been linked with multiple benefits and plays a defining role in transforming a medical student into a competent doctor, it has some inherent challenges. The learner–doctor method emphasizes learning by doing and has the potential to counter the identified challenges in the traditional mode of clinical training. The learner–doctor method places emphasis on collaborative learning, wherein students learn by experiential learning and active participation in patient care. This method not only fosters the development of clinical skills but also cultivates critical thinking, teamwork, empathy, and effective communication. A number of activities or strategies must be planned and implemented to ensure that the set objectives of the learner–doctor method are accomplished by the medical institutions. In conclusion, as medical education continues to evolve, the learner–doctor method of clinical training is a dynamic approach to bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical skills. As this method enables medical students to actively engage in patient care and improve their critical thinking, it becomes the need of the hour that every medical institution should explore the opportunity to effectively implement the same in their settings.
Quality of life and thalassemia in India: A scoping review
Authors: Chinnaiyan Saravanan , Sylvia Jenifer , Kothandaraman Sowmiya , Palanisamy Bharathi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

In recent years, a multitude of studies have been conducted to investigate the assessment of quality of life (QoL) among individuals affected by thalassemia. This scoping review aimed to examine the existing knowledge regarding the QoL and its associated factors among individuals with thalassemia in India. Databases, such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, were searched. A total of nine articles were included in the review. The included studies mainly investigated children. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) is the most common instrument used most often. Overall, the research findings indicate that individuals who underwent blood transfusion exhibited a lower QoL than those who did not receive blood transfusion. Additionally, it was observed that children diagnosed with thalassemia reported a lower QoL than adults. Nevertheless, the studies exhibited notable methodological deficiencies that constrained the validity and generalizability of the results. Hence, it is imperative to undertake comprehensive QoL research encompassing all regions of India and various thalassemia populations within the country to bridge this evidentiary void.
Perceived stress and its influencing factors among persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in Kannur district, Kerala, India
Authors: Sobhith V. K , Solomon M Daniel
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic remains a major healthcare problem for the humanity. It is important to understand the level of stress among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), which may have an influence on their living.

Aims:

The main aim of the study is to assess the perceived stress and the factors influencing.

Settings and Design:

Descriptive study. The details of a total of 750 PLHAs registered in the district were collected, and the researcher selected 210 samples using the simple random sampling method.

Methods and Material:

The researcher used the standardised Perceived Stress Scale developed by Sheldon Cohen in 1983.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and tests.

Results:

While analysing the perceived stress of the respondents, more than half 61% of the respondents have reported a moderate level of perceived stress. The study also depicts that perceived stress is being influenced by gender, marital status, occupation, number of dependents, and monthly income of PLHA.

Conclusions:

PLHAs in the selected geographic area experience a significant level of perceived stress, which indicates the need for programmes to address it.
A case of lepromatous leprosy in a background of chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Jayashankar C. A. , Prakash Bhanu , Prashanthi Seetha Venkata Sai Raghava , Bhat Nuthan , Joshi Amey , Narayanaswamy Girish
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection that primarily affects developing and underdeveloped countries. Co-infection with the hepatitis B virus can complicate its natural course by altering the host immune system response and thereby the disease outcomes. Early detection and treatment of the disease is thus imperative for preventing debilitating deformities. Several studies have shown positive viral markers for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B in patients with leprosy. However, in the Indian subcontinent, we have limited evidence highlighting this correlation. We present a case of a 42-year-old male with chronic hepatitis B infection presenting with new-onset lepromatous leprosy. The patient was successfully managed with a multibacillary multidrug regimen. In patients with hepatitis B co-infection, clinicians must be vigilant about the higher risk of complications and poorer patient outcomes. Extensive longitudinal studies assessing the correlation between leprosy and hepatitis B in India can help tailor future guidelines for management.
Application of ultrasonography in diagnosis and treatment of children with congenital muscular torticollis
Authors: Ge Yanan , He Zixuan , Zhang Xuelei , Chen Xiaoxiao
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a more common childcare disease, which belongs to muscle-skeletal system diseases, and is more common in newborns. The disease is mainly due to congenital contracture due to chest locks, which leads to asymmetric head and neck. For such diseases, clear diagnosis and treatment in the early days is an important way to improve the prognosis of children. Compared with X-ray film, CT, and MRI, ultrasound examination has the advantages of low examination cost, short time, and no exposure to radiation during the examination. Moreover, ultrasound examination can provide an objective basis for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of CMT children. This article reviews the latest research progress of conventional ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, and ultrasound elastography in the clinical diagnosis of CMT children and assisting in the formulation of treatment plans.
Non-invasive predictors to grade esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis patients
Authors: Rapelly Sushma S. , Singh Shraddha , Verma Narsingh , Bhattacharya Sandeep , Rungta Sumit
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Portal hypertension commonly occurs due to liver cirrhosis, and esophageal varices (EV) is one of the major complications associated with it. The most common cause of death in liver cirrhosis is EV bleeding. Hence, GE screening for EV is required, which is an invasive procedure. Regular use of endoscopy results in low compliance due to cost and discomfort for patients. Hence, identifying non-invasive markers that could grade EV provides a useful screening tool for family physicians and primary health centers (PHCs) by referring the patient to higher centers for definitive treatment, which could reduce mortality due to variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients.

Aims:

To assess non-invasive predictors of grade EV in patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis.

Settings and Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods and Material:

A total of 109 patients with liver cirrhosis underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation, USG abdomen with spleen bipolar diameter, ascitic fluid analysis, and upper GE with a grade of EV are recorded.

Statistical Analysis Used:

SPSS software with Student t-test, Chi-square t-test, analysis of variance, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, and Spearman correlation with 95% CI is used. P <0.05 is considered significant.

Results:

Aminotransferase to Platelet count Ratio Index (APRI) score >1.815, PC/SD ≤909, and SAAG >1.1g/dl showed EV in liver cirrhosis (P < 0.05). The order of prediction with ROC curves shows APRI score > PC/SD > SAAG. In grading EV, APRI scores of 1.9–2.5 and >2.5 showed small and large EV, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

APRI score may be used in PHC as an early intervention to grade EV and refer the patient to higher centers for definitive treatment. This would prevent the progression of varices to rupture and reduce mortality due to variceal bleeds in liver cirrhosis patients.
The changing trend of fungal infection in invasive rhinosinusitis in the COVID era
Authors: Garg Parul , Ranjan Vikash , Avnisha  , Hembrom Sneha , Goel Sachin , Malhotra Shalini
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

SARS-COV virus operates as a significant risk factor for invasive fungal aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Successful management of this fulminant infection requires early recognition of the disease and aggressive medical or surgical interventions to prevent the high morbidity and mortality associated with the disease process.

Aims and Objective of the Study:

1. To isolate and identify different species of fungi among acute rhinosinusitis patients. 2. To assess the association of risk factors causing fungal rhinosinusitis. 3. To assess the changing trend in fungal rhinosinusitis during the COVID era.

Material and Methods:

This is a retrospective observational study conducted from May 2020 to October 2022, attending the ENT department and relevant data were collected from the medical records department of ABVIMS and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, a Tertiary Care Referral Centre in India. The major risk factors studied were age, gender, COVID-19 infection and underlying diseases (such as diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, malignancies, chronic kidney DISEASES, etc.); details of corticosteroid use of all patients were recorded in the datasheet. The pandemic data was divided into three distinct time periods/waves/eras, i.e., first, second, and third waves, each of which included ten months, to examine the changing trend in fungal rhinosinusitis in the pandemic era of COVID-19.

Results:

A total of 412 patients out of which 236 patients were clinically diagnosed with fungal sinusitis based on revised EORTC criteria. The most common site involved was the orbit with paranasal sinus and eye 86/236 (36.4%), followed by involvement of nasal and paranasal sinus alone 68/236 (28.8%). The most prevalent age range affected was 40 to 50 years. The most commonly associated comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (DM) in 176 (74.5%), followed by head and neck malignancies in 22 (9.32%) patients. Thirty-eight (50.6%) Rhizopus species and 18 (24%) Aspergillus flavus were the most common isolated fungal species on culture, followed by Mucor spp. 14 (18.6%) and Aspergillus fumigatus 5 (6.6%) in the period. In the second wave of COVID, there was a surge in Zygomycetes cases 36 (45%) and after the second wave, the Aspergillus cases increased by 14 (19%) during Jan-Oct 2022.

Conclusion:

With the continuing coronavirus pandemic, there is an unprecedented and discernible rise in the prevalence of acute invasive fungal sinusitis certainly a spike in cases of Aspergillus infection was observed, probably due to unprecedented usage of Amphotericin B for the treatment of mucormycosis during the third wave This underlines the importance of the need to tailor our treatment protocol as per the etiological agents hence the right antifungal drugs combined with urgent surgical procedures on a case-to-case basis may certainly increase the chances of survival.
Nutritional experiences of postpartum mothers - A qualitative study
Authors: Bathula Shainy Sravanthi , Helena Kanta , Avvaru Krishnaveni
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

The postpartum period is crucial for both mother and infant as additional maternal nutrition needs to support the needs of self and that of an infant in the form of adequate breastfeeding. The dietary choices of women during the postpartum period were heavily influenced by traditional cultural beliefs surrounding these periods.

Aims:

To explore the experiences regarding postpartum nutrition and various nutritional practices during this period.

Settings and Design:

The study was a community-based cross-sectional qualitative study performed in the urban field practicing area of Government Medical College during the months of October and November 2022 on postnatal mothers who have crossed not more than one month of completion of their postpartum period (first six weeks of delivery).

Methods and Material:

Two focus group discussions (FGDs) and 15 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with the postnatal mothers and their caregivers using a pre-prepared semi-structured discussion guide comprising open-ended questions. Each interview/discussion was recorded electronically after taking verbal consent.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The recorded responses were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. The data were analyzed thematically and were grouped into a few broad themes.

Results:

Most mothers followed strict dietary restrictions for the first 15 days of delivery. Fruits were avoided by many of the mothers. The mothers took iron-rich foods like jaggery and green leafy vegetables in excess. Protein-rich foods like meat, egg, fish, and dal were avoided by most of the mothers. The beliefs of the mothers and caregivers about various food items were that they may cause ill health to mother and baby, considered as hot and cold foods and also out of ignorance.

Conclusions:

Most of the practices were beneficial to the mother and a few of them were harmful like avoiding protein-rich foods, few vegetables, most fruits, and night meals. The harmful nutritional practices can be addressed by educating the mother and also the caregiver who prepares the puerperal diet.
Three dimensional echocardiographic study of left atrial volumes and function correlated with functional capacity in patients with mitral stenosis
Authors: Sharaf Israa N Y , Taha Mohammed O , Elmasry Magdy M , Deraz Inas A
Published: April 2024

Background

Left atrial (LA) impairment of reservoir and booster function using real-time three-dimensional direct volumetric echocardiographic study (RT3DE), has been found in rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS). In MS, RT3DE has not well studied.

Aim

This study designed to reveal NYHA functional class (FC) determinants in MS cases and to demonstrate the relationship between LA mechanics as measured by RT3DE and heart failure (HF) symptoms.

Patients and Methods

55 consecutive cases (38 females and 17 males; age: 39.6 ± 11 years) with rheumatic MS underwent RT3DE to evaluate LA mechanics. Those results were then correlated with NYHA functional class.

Results

There were 22% in FC I, 42% in FC II and the remaining 36% in FC III. LAVmax, LAVmin, and LAVpreA were larger with decreased functional capacity. There was insignificant difference between NYHA functional classes. LAVmin presented positive correlation with NYHA functional classes. Total LAEV, total LAEF, LA expansion, active LAEV, and active LAEF, which reflect LA reservoir and booster functions, were also significantly lower in NYHA II and NYHA III when compared with NYHA I. Total LAEV, total LAEF, LA expansion, and LA booster function presented highly significant negative correlation with NYHA functional classes.

Conclusion

LA booster pump and reservoir dysfunctions are correlated with HF symptoms in MS. The deterioration of both LA reservoir and booster functions by RT3DE in MS with stepwise decline of NYHA functional class are important determinants of clinical symptoms, which may also play a role in management.
Modified ulcer debridement versus argon laser photocoagulation as an adjunctive therapy for treatment of fungal keratitis
Authors: Ahmed Dina S , Khater Mohamed M , Sabry Moataz M , Elshorbagy Mohamed S
Published: April 2024

Background

Mycotic keratitis is a disorder due to fungal invasion into the corneal stroma. Early diagnosis and immediate management are critical to avoiding long-term consequences with fungal keratitis as it grows quickly and can cause corneal ulcers and vision loss.

Aim

To compare the effect of argon laser photocoagulation with tissue debridement as a supportive therapy for treatment of fungal keratitis.

Patients and methods

In this prospective study, 40 patients with resistant fungal keratitis were evaluated and treated with argon laser and debridement as a supportive therapy in resistant cases.The duration of the study was 12 months with follow-up period of 3 months.

Results

Of 20 eyes, 18 responded to argon laser with complete epithelial healing occurring in the range of 2–4 weeks, with mean of 47.50 ± 7.96 weeks. On the contrary, 16 of 20 eyes responded to debridement, with complete healing occurring in the range of 3–7 weeks, with a mean of 46.15 ± 7.57 weeks. Two cases needed amniotic membrane graft in the laser group, whereas four cases in the debridement group.

Conclusion

Argon laser therapy is the most effective supplementary step in the treatment of resistant fungal keratitis. Argon laser therapy is preferred to debridement in the management of resistant fungal corneal ulcer and has a significant effect on reducing corneal scarring and improvement of visual acuity.
Antibacterial effect of red light emitting diodes on multi-drug resistant bacteria isolated from superficial skin infections
Authors: Shakal Noura Sobhi Salim , Taha Marwa S , Hegab Doaa S , Hassan Azza M
Published: April 2024

Background

Emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in current times demands for concerted efforts, specifically in developing countries to replace the administration of antibiotics with other therapeutic modalities as photodynamic inactivation using red light emitting diodes.

Aim

Isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria from superficial skin infections, determine antibiotic susceptibility of isolated bacteria and to evaluate antibacterial role of red light emitting diodes on multi-drug resistant isolates using different durations.

Patients and methods

Fifty patients with superficial skin infection were enrolled in the present study. Isolation and identification were carried out by standard microbiological methods. Antibacterial susceptibility tests of the isolates were assessed by disc diffusion method. The multi-drug resistant isolates were illuminated by red light emitting diodes for different durations at 10, 20, 30 and 60 min Then antibacterial effect was assessed by colony count.

Results

Illumination with red light emitting diodes showed antibacterial effect in all isolates with variable degrees. There were initial reduction in colony count after 10 min followed by a slight increase in colony count with increasing the duration of illumination. Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed the lowest reduction in log10CFU/ml-1 with mean±SD of 5.14 ± 0.06 after 10 min.

Conclusion

The photodynamic inactivation using red light emitting diodes showed significant reduction in colony count when multi-drug-resistant isolates were illuminated for 10 min suggesting its potential for use as antibacterial therapeutic modality.
Pattern of acute poisoning that required intensive care unit admission in Tanta University poison control center
Authors: Abdelnoor Amira A , El-Sarnagawy Ghada N , Abuelfadl Arwa A , El-Mehallawi Inas H
Published: April 2024

Background

Poisoning is an important health care problem resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates especially in developing countries. About 4–40% of acute poisoned patients need intensive care units (ICU).

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate pattern of acute poisoning that required ICU admission, clinical characteristics and outcome of these patients in Tanta University Poison Control Center.

Patients and methods

All acute poisoned cases who admitted to ICU from the start of February 2017 to the end of July 2018 were included. Sociodemographic, characteristic clinical manifestations, laboratory investigations and outcomes were recorded.

Results

ICU admitted poisoned patients represented 6% of total poisoned patients. More than half of patients (54.4%) were in the age group between 18 and 40 years and 50.7% of patients were females. The highest percentage were from rural areas (87%) with suicidal intentions (76.8%). The main route of exposure was oral route (95%). Median delay time and hospitalization period were 3 h and 43 h, respectively.

The most frequent poisons were aluminum phosphide (61.5%), organophosphates (11.5%) and digitalis (4.8%(. 32.7% of patients were hypotensive and 20.3% presented with undetected blood pressure. Mixed metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis was the most frequent arterial blood gases abnormality (40%) and 51.4% of the studied patients died.

Conclusion

The most frequent three poisons that required ICU admission were aluminum phosphide, organophosphates and digitalis respectively. The alarming clinical presentations were hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea and mixed arterial blood gas abnormality.
Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the effects of platelet-rich plasma on dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in adult male albino rats
Authors: Ramadan Mirna M A B , Mostafa Magdy S , El-Ala Amal M A A , El-Morshedy Kadreya El-Sayed
Published: April 2024

Background

Osteoporosis may occur by using glucocorticoids for a long time. Recently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used in treating a wide variety of musculoskeletal problems.

Aim

This work aimed to study the effect of PRP against dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in adult male albino rats.

Materials and methods

This study was carried out on 40 adult male albino rats that were divided into two main groups: control group I: included 10 rats and experimental group II included 30 rats, which were subdivided into three subgroups. Subgroup IIa received PRP, subgroup IIb was injected with dexamethasone intramuscularly, and subgroup IIc received the same dose of dexamethasone and then injected with PRP. At the end of the experiment, upper ends of femur bones of all animals were obtained and processed for histological study using light and scanning electron micrograph studies.

Results

Light microscopic examination revealed osteoporotic histological changes in group IIb where cancellous bone trabeculae appeared thin and discontinuous. Scanning electron micrograph studies confirmed the results of the light microscopic study. Group IIc revealed partial preservation of the normal histological picture. Statistical analysis showed that group IIb and untreated left femur of group IIc revealed a highly significant decrease in the mean thickness of trabeculae and a highly significant increase in the width of intertrabecular spaces as compared with the control group, while group IIa and treated right femur of group IIc revealed nonsignificant changes as compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Osteoporosis resulted from glucocorticoids in adult male albino rats could be partially treated with PRP injection.
Accuracy of ultrasound two-point compression test in the diagnosis of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in emergency departments
Authors: El-Shorbagy Hala M A , Adel El Eissawy Mohamed I , Teama Atef H , El Heniedy Mohamed A
Published: April 2024

Background

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common reason for emergency department (ED) visits. DVT is not a clinical diagnosis, and a definitive diagnosis requires imaging. Compression ultrasound (US) is a noninvasive tool for diagnosing DVT that is considered very precise. It takes place in two simple proximal points (femoral and popliteal) and depends on a complex assessment of the venous system’s compression ability.

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate how accurate the US two-point compression test (2PCT) regarding diagnosis of lower limb DVT by emergency physicians in ED.

Patients and methods

This study was conducted on 50 patients with suspected DVT in Tanta University Emergency Hospital in a duration of 1 year on patients suspected to have DVT using Wells’ criteria, comparing the accuracy of 2PCT performed by emergency physicians and duplex US done by radiology physicians. Patients presented with suspected lower extremity DVT were recruited into this study.

Results

The sensitivity of 2PCT is 80%, specificity 80%, positive predictive value 90.32%, negative predictive value 63.16%, and the overall accuracy is 80%.

Conclusion

US performed by emergency physicians for the diagnosis of DVT can give accurate and reliable results. 2PCT test is a good tool in detecting DVT in EDs with an overall accuracy of 80%.
Multislice computed tomography angiography in assessment of pulmonary vascular abnormalities
Authors: Elhashash Shimaa R , Shaban Ekhlas A , Abdullah Timour M , Elbarbary Aly A
Published: April 2024

Background

Multidetector computed tomography (CT) angiography with maximum intensity projection, multiplanar reformations and 3D reconstructions, and volume rendering technique provide visualization of normal vascular anatomy and variants.

Aim

The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of multislice CT angiography in the evaluation of pulmonary vascular diseases, classification of diseases, and to be familiar with technique and finding.

Patients and methods

This observational trial was carried out on 30 cases suspected of or diagnosed with acute chest pain, suspected pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary arterial or pulmonary venous abnormalities. Patients were classified equally into two groups. All patients underwent pulmonary angiography using CT, which involved the following steps: preparation of the patient, examination procedure, data collection, reconstruction and postprocessing of the images, and image explanation.

Results

In group 1, 60% of cases had normal pulmonary vein whereas 20% of them had venous drainage anomaly. The majority of cases (86.7%) had confluent pulmonary artery findings. The highest percent of cases had dilatation of main pulmonary artery, left pulmonary artery (46.7%), and right pulmonary artery. Overall, 26.7% had either atretic or hypoplastic main pulmonary artery, 40% had normal right pulmonary artery, and 26.7% had normal left pulmonary artery. In group 2, 80% of cases had normal pulmonary vein, whereas 20% had abnormal findings. The majority of cases (80.0%) had pulmonary embolism, and 33.3% had pulmonary hypertension (one case had both embolism and hypertension).

Conclusions

CT angiography is a very effective and beneficial method in the evaluation of pulmonary vascular abnormalities with or without congenital cardiac and/or extracardiac anomalies.
Clinical features and surgical outcomes of childhood and adult Takayasu arteritis: A retrospective study
Authors: Pan Dikang , Guo Julong , Meng Wenzhuo , Guo Jianming , Guo Lianrui
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE:

Takayasu arteries (TAK) is a rare and unexplained inflammatory arterial disease that can occur in both children and adults. Our goal was to clarify the clinical features and surgical outcomes of aortitis in children and adults.

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with TAK treated at tertiary care centers between 2012 and 2020. The American College of Rheumatology’s TAK criteria were used to select patients. Study results were reported using descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier methods.

RESULTS:

The cohort included 106 TAK patients with a median follow-up of 69 (interquartile range 80) months. Childhood TAK (c-TAK) differed from adult TAK (a-TAK) in terms of baseline: the predominant Nomo staging for c-TAK was Type IV (70.4), while the predominant staging for a-TAK was Type I (68.4%). Sixty-eight of them underwent surgical intervention, with a total of 85 vascular procedures (77 endoluminal procedures and 8 open procedures). c-TAK group had more endoluminal interventions (100%), while the a-TAK group had a higher proportion of open procedures (17.8%) than the c-TAK group, and the main complication in both groups was restenosis. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that c-TAK had a significantly higher rate of restenosis than a-TAK and had a significantly higher reintervention rate (logrank, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, the main difference between c-TAK and a-TAK is that Nomo typing c-TAK is mainly Type IV, while a-TAK is mainly Type I. Furthermore, c-TAK has a higher rate of reintervention after surgical treatment than a-TAK, more attention should be paid to the postoperative follow-up of c-TAK patients, and further large sample studies are needed to confirm this.
Successful retrieval of a retained cerebral protection device using esophageal biopsy forceps
Authors: Li Yan , Yue Yangyang , Yang Bao , Lu Shaoying , Liu Jianlin
Published: April 2024

Cerebral protection devices (CPDs) often were applied to improve the safety of carotid artery stenting, but the CPD itself may cause fatal complications. We report a case of a retained CPD that was an Emboshield NAV6 device left in situ, which was retrieved successfully with esophageal biopsy forceps.
Investigation of Imbalanced Sentiment Analysis in Voice Data: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Shah Viraj Nishchal , Shah Deep Rahul , Shetty Mayank Umesh , Krishnan Deepa , Ravi Vinayakumar , Singh Swapnil
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Language serves as the primary conduit for human expression, extending its reach into various communication mediums like email and text messaging, where emoticons are frequently employed to convey nuanced emotions. In the digital landscape of long-distance communication, the detection and analysis of emotions assume paramount importance. However, this task is inherently challenging due to the subjectivity inherent in emotions, lacking a universal consensus for quantification or categorization.OBJECTIVES: This research proposes a novel speech recognition model for emotion analysis, leveraging diverse machine learning techniques along with a three-layer feature extraction approach. This research will also through light on the robustness of models on balanced and imbalanced datasets. METHODS: The proposed three-layered feature extractor uses chroma, MFCC, and Mel method, and passes these features to classifiers like K-Nearest Neighbour, Gradient Boosting, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and Random Forest.RESULTS: Among the classifiers in the framework, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) emerges as the top-performing model, showcasing remarkable accuracies of 99.64%, 99.43%, and 99.31% in the Balanced TESS Dataset, Imbalanced TESS (Half) Dataset, and Imbalanced TESS (Quarter) Dataset, respectively. K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) follows closely as the second-best classifier, surpassing MLP's accuracy only in the Imbalanced TESS (Half) Dataset at 99.52%.CONCLUSION: This research contributes valuable insights into effective emotion recognition through speech, shedding light on the nuances of classification in imbalanced datasets.
Traveling waves and finite gap potentials for the Calogero–Sutherland derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Badreddine Rana
Published: April 2024

We consider the Calogero–Sutherland derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation

i\partial_{t}u+\partial_{x}^{2}u \pm \frac{2}{i}\partial_{x}\Pi(|u|^{2})u=0

,

x\in\mathbb{T}

, where

\Pi

is the Szegő projector

\Pi(\sum_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}\hat{u}(n)\mathrm{e}^{inx})=\sum_{n\geq 0 }\hat{u}(n)\mathrm{e}^{inx}

. First, we characterize the
traveling wave

u_{0}(x-ct)

solutions to the defocusing equation (CS

^{-}

), and prove for the focusing equation (CS

^{+}

) that all the traveling waves must be either constant functions, or plane waves, or rational functions. A noteworthy observation is that the (CS) equation, which is an

L^{2}

-critical equation, is one of the few nonlinear PDEs enjoying nontrivial traveling waves with arbitrarily small and large

L^{2}

-norms. Second, we study the
finite gap potentials
, and show that they are also rational functions, containing the traveling waves, and they can be grouped into sets that remain invariant under the evolution of the system.
Polynomial growth and property $\mathrm{RD}_{p}$ for étale groupoids with applications to $K$-theory
Authors: Austad Are , Ortega Eduard , Palmstrøm Mathias
Published: April 2024

We investigate property

\mathrm{RD}_{p}

for étale groupoids and apply it to the computation of the

K

-theory of reduced groupoid

L^{p}

-operator algebras. In particular, under the assumption of polynomial growth, we show that the

K

-theory groups for a reduced groupoid

L^{p}

-operator algebra are independent of

p\in (1, \infty)

. We apply the results to coarse groupoids and graph groupoids.