bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical vector analyzer for characterization of Fano resonance structures based on unbalanced double-sideband modulation
Authors: Morozov Oleg , Sakhabutdinov Airat , Nureev Ilnur , Papazyan Samvel
Published: November 2019

We report an optical vector analyzer (OVA) for characterization of Fano resonance structures based on unbalanced optical double-sideband (UB-ODSB) carrier modulation, with capability to investigate the optical structures with asymmetric and ultra-narrowband spectral responses. The ratio of UB-ODSB sidebands amplitudes is not equal to one and constant throughout the measurement process. Transmitted through the optical resonant structure UB-ODSB-radiation is sent to photodetector, that is used to convert the optical signal to electrical one. Output photodetector signal contains the beat components of the UB- ODSB-radiation sidebands and optical carrier. These components splits up by bandpass filters (BPF) for post-processing of measurement results in accordance with new mathematical model that is also presented in this paper. The proposed approach allows to measure phase and magnitude responses of the optical device under test (ODUT) with high resolution; to formulate a criterion for signal falling within the limits of the investigated spectral response; to take one-step measurements.
Polygon “Simeiz-Katsively” - fluctuations in the local deformations and insolation the Earth's surface
Authors: Volvach Larisa , Kurbasova Galina , Dmytrotsa Andrej , Neyachenko Dmitry
Published: November 2019

Discovered the effects of regular solar and geodynamic fluctuations in satellite data on the insolation falling on the earth's surface at the point of the Kara-Dag for the period 1983.5 in 2005.5 years. The parameters of the seasonal component are determined. Possible reasons for the increase in the amplitude of the seasonal component are discussed.
The study of the latitudinal influence of geomagnetic conditions on variations of TECs over the territory of the Volga Federal District
Authors: Ryabova Natalya , Zuev Aleksey , Chernov Andrey , Katkov Evgeny
Published: November 2019

A comparative analysis of variations in the total electron content of the Earth’s ionosphere over the territory of ten experimental stations located in the Volga region from December 2015 to November 2016 was carried out, taking into account the influence of geographic latitude and level of ionospheric disturbance.
Method of SAR sounding signals investigation and digital forming
Authors: Tarasenko Anna
Published: November 2019

The article describes modern approaches to the choice and synthesis of modulating functions used for various purpose radio system signal generation.
Adaptive clutter suppression method for three dimensional Doppler radar
Authors: Lesnikov Grigoriy , Noniashvilli Mikhail , Iliyasafov Alexander
Published: November 2019

The heuristic method for clutter suppression in three dimensional (3D) Doppler radar is proposed. The algorithm for suggested method was developed and experimentally verified. The working efficiency of this algorithm was confirmed.
Effekt von Chromovitrektomiefarbstoffen mit Lutein auf die verbesserte Darstellung von epiretinalen Pathologien im intraoperativen OCT
Authors: Leisser Christoph , Kronschläger Martin , Findl Oliver
Published: November 2019

Hintergrund Epiretinale Membranen können zu Metamorphopsien und Sehverschlechterung führen. Der therapeutische „Goldstandard“ ist die Vitrektomie mit Membrane Peeling, die normalerweise mit Chromovitrektomiefarbstoffen durchgeführt wird. Ziel unserer Studie war es, zu untersuchen, ob Chromovitrektomiefarbstoffe mit Lutein die Darstellung von epiretinalem Gewebe in der intraoperativen optischen Kohärenztomografie (iOCT) verbessern können.

Patienten und Methoden Eine prospektive Studie mit 20 Augen von 20 Patienten, die aufgrund einer idiopathischen epiretinalen Gliose zur Operation geplant waren. Bei allen Patienten wurde eine 23-G-Pars-plana-Vitrektomie mit Membrane Peeling unter iOCT-Assistenz durchgeführt. Die Membranen wurden mit einem Chromovitrektomiefarbstoff, der Trypanblau, „brilliant blue G“ und Lutein enthielt (Tripledyne und Dualdyne, beide: Kemin Industries Inc., USA) vor dem Peeling gefärbt.

Ergebnisse Bei allen Patienten (n = 20) war die Färbung der Membranen gut; kristalline Luteinpartikel konnten im iOCT gut dargestellt werden, verglichen zu gelöstem Lutein, das epiretinales Gewebe im iOCT nicht verbessert darstellen konnte.

Schlussfolgerung Die Zugabe von Lutein zu Chromovitrektomiefarbstoffen ermöglicht bei Verwendung von kristallinem Lutein eine verbesserte Darstellung von epiretinalen Membranen im iOCT.
Modifying Positional Selectivity in C–H Functionalization Reactions with Nitrogen-Centered Radicals: Generalizable Approaches to 1,6-Hydrogen-Atom Transfer Processes
Authors: Short Melanie A. , Blackburn J. Miles , Roizen Jennifer L.
Published: November 2019

Nitrogen-centered radicals are powerful reaction intermediates owing in part to their ability to guide position-selective C(sp3)–H functionalization reactions. Typically, these reactive species dictate the site of functionalization by preferentially engaging in 1,5-hydrogen-atom transfer (1,5-HAT) processes. Broadly relevant approaches to alter the site-selectivity of HAT pathways would be valuable because they could be paired with a variety of tactics to install diverse functional groups. Yet, until recently, there have been no generalizable strategies to modify the position-selectivity observed in these HAT processes. This Synpacts article reviews transformations in which nitrogen-centered radicals preferentially react through 1,6-HAT pathways. Specific attention will be focused on strategies that employ alcohol- and amine-anchored sulfamate esters and sulfamides as templates to achieve otherwise rare γ-selective functionalization reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Transformations that Rely on Structural Constraints or Weakened C–H Bonds to Favor 1,6-HAT Processes

3 Sulfamate Esters Engage Selective 1,6-HAT Processes

4 Expansion to 1,6-HAT Processes with Masked Amine Substrates

5 Conclusions and Outlook
Sub-kelvin Andreev reflection spectroscopy of superconducting gaps in FeSe
Authors: Bashlakov D. L. , Gamayunova N. V. , Tyutrina L. V. , Kačmarčik J. , Szabó P. , Samuely P. , Naidyuk Yu. G.
Published: November 2019

Point contact Andreev reflection studies have been conducted on FeSe single crystals by lowering the temperatures down to 0.5 K. The point contact Andreev reflection spectra were analyzed in the framework of the two-band model. As a result, the presence of two anisotropic superconducting gaps in FeSe were certainly established and their BCS-like temperature dependencies were obtained. The weights of each gap have been determined and the anisotropy parameter has been calculated. It is shown, that sub-kelvin temperatures are necessary to ascertain details of the superconducting gap structure, especially for multiband materials when Andreev reflection spectroscopy is applied.
Accuracy checking of dispensed medications by a pharmacy technician: a hospital case study
Authors: Snoswell Centaine L. , Flor Melynda , Tessier Cameron , Ratanjee Sunita , Hale Andrew , Matthews Andrew , Nissen Lisa , Coombes Ian
Published: November 2019

Medication order accuracy checking is an integral and time-consuming component of the current Australian pharmacist’s role. However, the pharmacy profession internationally has moved towards separating the checking task into two parts: a clinical check performed by the registered pharmacist and a technical accuracy check delegated to an appropriately trained pharmacy technician. This case study demonstrates that in an Australian hospital pharmacy context, appropriately trained pharmacy technicians have the potential to be more proficient and time efficient than pharmacists when undertaking accuracy checking of dispensed medications.
What is known about the topic?International data have shown that appropriately trained pharmacy technicians can be more precise than pharmacists when performing accuracy checking.
What does this paper add?This paper reports the findings of an Australian case study reallocating the accuracy checking task to trained pharmacy technicians and evaluating the time efficiency data, which has not previously been reported.
What are the implications for practitioners?These findings provide support for the potential to safely delegate checking tasks to an appropriately trained accuracy checking pharmacy technician.
Learning stable and predictive structures in kinetic systems
Authors: Pfister Niklas , Bauer Stefan , Peters Jonas
Published: November 2019

Learning kinetic systems from data is one of the core challenges in many fields. Identifying stable models is essential for the generalization capabilities of data-driven inference. We introduce a computationally efficient framework, called CausalKinetiX, that identifies structure from discrete time, noisy observations, generated from heterogeneous experiments. The algorithm assumes the existence of an underlying, invariant kinetic model, a key criterion for reproducible research. Results on both simulated and real-world examples suggest that learning the structure of kinetic systems benefits from a causal perspective. The identified variables and models allow for a concise description of the dynamics across multiple experimental settings and can be used for prediction in unseen experiments. We observe significant improvements compared to well-established approaches focusing solely on predictive performance, especially for out-of-sample generalization.
Burrowing dynamics of aquatic worms in soft sediments
Authors: Kudrolli Arshad , Ramirez Bernny
Published: November 2019

Significance

The physical principles of locomotion inside sediment beds at the bottom of water bodies are poorly understood because of the remoteness and opacity of the medium. We show that the common oligochaete
Lumbriculus variegatus
moves faster in sediments compared with water, while using a similar combination of elongation–contraction and transverse undulatory strokes, exploiting a higher drag anisotropy of its body. Tracking the worm inside transparent sediments, we show that its speed can be captured by a linear combination of calculated speeds with resistive-force theory and an anchor model of peristaltic motion. We then demonstrate that these locomotion strategies can be observed in composting worms and can be used to move effectively in media with a wide range of yield strengths.
Methylofuran is a prosthetic group of the formyltransferase/hydrolase complex and shuttles one-carbon units between two active sites
Authors: Hemmann Jethro L. , Wagner Tristan , Shima Seigo , Vorholt Julia A.
Published: November 2019

Methylotrophy, the ability of microorganisms to grow on reduced one-carbon substrates such as methane or methanol, is a feature of various bacterial species. The prevailing oxidation pathway depends on tetrahydromethanopterin (H
4
MPT) and methylofuran (MYFR), an analog of methanofuran from methanogenic archaea. Formyltransferase/hydrolase complex (Fhc) generates formate from formyl-H
4
MPT in two consecutive reactions where MYFR acts as a carrier of one-carbon units. Recently, we chemically characterized MYFR from the model methylotroph
Methylorubrum extorquens
and identified an unusually long polyglutamate side chain of up to 24 glutamates. Here, we report on the crystal structure of Fhc to investigate the function of the polyglutamate side chain in MYFR and the relatedness of the enzyme complex with the orthologous enzymes in archaea. We identified MYFR as a prosthetic group that is tightly, but noncovalently, bound to Fhc. Surprisingly, the structure of Fhc together with MYFR revealed that the polyglutamate side chain of MYFR is branched and contains glutamates with amide bonds at both their α- and γ-carboxyl groups. This negatively charged and branched polyglutamate side chain interacts with a cluster of conserved positively charged residues of Fhc, allowing for strong interactions. The MYFR binding site is located equidistantly from the active site of the formyltransferase (FhcD) and metallo-hydrolase (FhcA). The polyglutamate serves therefore an additional function as a swinging linker to shuttle the one-carbon carrying amine between the two active sites, thereby likely increasing overall catalysis while decreasing the need for high intracellular MYFR concentrations.
A bioinspired approach to engineer seed microenvironment to boost germination and mitigate soil salinity
Authors: Zvinavashe Augustine T. , Lim Eugene , Sun Hui , Marelli Benedetto
Published: November 2019

Significance

In a world that strives to accommodate population growth and climate pattern changes, there is a compelling need to develop new technologies to enhance agricultural output while minimizing inputs and mitigating their effects on the environment. In this study, we describe a biomaterial-based approach to engineer the microenvironment of seeds through the preservation and delivery of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) that are able to fix nitrogen and mitigate soil salinity. PGPRs are encapsulated in silk–trehalose (ST) coatings that achieve bacterial preservation and delivery upon sowing. The biomaterial choice is inspired by a recent finding that a combination of proteins and disaccharides is key for anhydrobiosis. This simple technology is effective to boost seed germination and mitigate soil salinity.
Division of labor in honey bee gut microbiota for plant polysaccharide digestion
Authors: Zheng Hao , Perreau Julie , Powell J. Elijah , Han Benfeng , Zhang Zijing , Kwong Waldan K. , Tringe Susannah G. , Moran Nancy A.
Published: November 2019

Bees acquire carbohydrates from nectar and lipids; and amino acids from pollen, which also contains polysaccharides including cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. These potential energy sources could be degraded and fermented through microbial enzymatic activity, resulting in short chain fatty acids available to hosts. However, the contributions of individual microbiota members to polysaccharide digestion have remained unclear. Through analysis of bacterial isolate genomes and a metagenome of the honey bee gut microbiota, we identify that
Bifidobacterium
and
Gilliamella
are the principal degraders of hemicellulose and pectin. Both
Bifidobacterium
and
Gilliamella
show extensive strain-level diversity in gene repertoires linked to polysaccharide digestion. Strains from honey bees possess more such genes than strains from bumble bees. In
Bifidobacterium
, genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes are colocated within loci devoted to polysaccharide utilization, as in
Bacteroides
from the human gut. Carbohydrate-active enzyme-encoding gene expressions are up-regulated in response to particular hemicelluloses both in vitro and in vivo. Metabolomic analyses document that bees experimentally colonized by different strains generate distinctive gut metabolomic profiles, with enrichment for specific monosaccharides, corresponding to predictions from genomic data. The other 3 core gut species clusters (
Snodgrassella
and 2
Lactobacillus
clusters) possess few or no genes for polysaccharide digestion. Together, these findings indicate that strain composition within individual hosts determines the metabolic capabilities and potentially affects host nutrition. Furthermore, the niche specialization revealed by our study may promote overall community stability in the gut microbiomes of bees.
His-Cys and Trp-Cys cross-links generated by post-translational chemical modification
Authors: Fujieda Nobutaka
Published: November 2019

Galactose oxidase and amine oxidase contain a cofactor which is generated by post-translational chemical modification to the corresponding amino acid side chains near the copper active center. Such cofactors provide proteins unusual catalytic ability that canonical amino acids cannot exert as well as their structural stability, and thereby are called as protein-derived cofactors. These cofactors and modifications are mostly derived from aromatic amino acid residues, especially Tyr, Trp, and His. Current information about unusual cofactors derived from two of those, heteroaromatic residues (Trp and His) is summarized, especially chemical properties and maturation process of the cross-links between cysteine and heteroaromatic amino acids (His–Cys and Trp–Cys cross-links).

Abbreviations: FMN: flavin mononucleotide; FAD: flavin adenine nucleotide; RNA: ribonucleic acid; PDC: protein-derived cofactor; GFP: green fluorescent protein; MIO: 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4-imidazol-4-one; LTQ: lysyl tyrosylquinone; CTQ: cysteine tryptophylquinone; TTQ: tryptophan tryptophylquinone; E.coli: Escherichia coli; WT: wild type.
The plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Gmppc2 is developmentally induced in immature soy seeds at the late maturation stage: a potential protein biomarker for seed chemical composition
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Sugimoto Toshio , Takano Tomoyuki , Sasou Ai , Morita Shigeto , Yano Kentaro , Masumura Takehiro
Published: November 2019

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a carbon-fixing enzyme with critical roles in seed development. Previously we observed a positive correlation between PEPC activity and protein content in mature seeds among soybean cultivars and varietal differences of PEPC activity in immature seeds, which is concordant with seed protein accumulation. Here, we report a PEPC isoform (Gmppc2) which is preferentially expressed in immature soybean seeds at the late maturation stage. Gmppc2 was co-expressed with enzyme genes involved in starch degradation: α-amylase, hexokinase, and α-glucan phosphorylase. Gmppc2 was developmentally induced in the external seed coats, internal seed coats, hypocotyls, and cotyledons at the late maturation stage. The expression of Gmppc2 protein was negatively regulated by the application of a nitrogen fertilizer, which suppressed nodule formation. These results imply that Gmppc2 is involved in the metabolism of nitrogen originated from nodules into seeds, and Gmppc2 might be applicable as a biomarker of seed protein content.

Abbreviations: PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate; PEPC: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; RNA-Seq: RNA sequencing; PCA: principal component analysis; SE: standard error
Magnetic entropy change of ErAl2 magnetocaloric wires fabricated by a powder-in-tube method
Authors: Yamamoto Takafumi D , Takeya Hiroyuki , Iwasaki Suguru , Terashima Kensei , de Castro Pedro Baptista , Numazawa Takenori , Takano Yoshihiko
Published: November 2019

We report the fabrication of ErAl2 magnetocaloric wires by a powder-in-tube (PIT) method and the evaluation of magnetic entropy change through magnetization measurements. The magnetic entropy change of ErAl2 PIT wires exhibits similar behavior to the bulk counterpart, while its magnitude is reduced by the decrease in the volume fraction of ErAl2 due to the surrounding non-magnetic sheaths. We find that another effect reduces the magnetic entropy change of the ErAl2 PIT wires around a ferromagnetic transition temperature, and discuss its possible origin in terms of a correlation between magnetic properties of ErAl2 and mechanical properties of sheath material.
Predicting quantum advantage by quantum walk with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Melnikov Alexey A , Fedichkin Leonid E , Alodjants Alexander
Published: November 2019

Quantum walks are at the heart of modern quantum technologies. They allow to deal with quantum transport phenomena and are an advanced tool for constructing novel quantum algorithms. Quantum walks on graphs are fundamentally different from classical random walks analogs, in particular, they walk faster than classical ones on certain graphs, enabling in these cases quantum algorithmic applications and quantum-enhanced energy transfer. However, little is known about the possible advantages on arbitrary graphs not having explicit symmetries. For these graphs one would need to perform simulations of classical and quantum walk dynamics to check if the speedup occurs, which could take a long computational time. Here we present a new approach for the solution of the quantum speedup problem, which is based on a machine learning algorithm that predicts the quantum advantage by just ‘looking’ at a graph. The convolutional neural network, which we designed specifically to learn from graphs, observes simulated examples and learns complex features of graphs that lead to a quantum advantage, allowing to identify graphs that exhibit quantum advantage without performing any quantum walk or random walk simulations. The performance of our approach is evaluated for line and random graphs, where classification was always better than random guess even for the most challenging cases. Our findings pave the way to an automated elaboration of novel large-scale quantum circuits utilizing quantum walk based algorithms, and to simulating high-efficiency energy transfer in biophotonics and material science.
Relaxation of electrons in quantum-confined states in Pb/Si(111) thin films from master equation with first-principles-derived rates
Authors: Kratzer Peter , Zahedifar Maedeh
Published: November 2019

Atomically thin films of Pb on Si(111) provide an experimentally tunable system comprising a highly structured electronic density of states. The lifetime of excited electrons in these states is limited by both electron–electron (e–e) and electron–phonon (e–ph) scattering. We employ the description by a master equation for the electronic occupation numbers to analyze the relative importance of both scattering mechanisms. The electronic and phononic band structures, as well as the matrix elements for electron–phonon coupling within deformation potential theory were obtained from density functional calculations, thus taking into account quantum confinement effects. For the relaxation dynamics, the contribution of impact ionization processes to the lifetime is estimated from the imaginary part of the electronic self-energy calculated in the GW approximation. By numerically solving rate equations for the occupations of the Pb-derived electronic states coupled to a phononic heat bath, we are able to follow the distribution of the electronic excitation energy to the various modes of Pb lattice vibrations. While e–e scattering is the dominant relaxation mechanism, we demonstrate that the e–ph scattering is highly phonon-mode-specific, with a large contribution from surface phonons. At electron energies of about 0.3 eV above the Fermi surface, a ‘phonon bottleneck’ characteristic of relaxation in nanostructures with well-separated electronic states is observed. The time scales extracted from the simulations are compared to data from pump-probe experiments using time-resolved two-photon photoemission.
Bohmian trajectory perspective on strong field atomic processes*
Authors: Lai Xuan-Yang , Liu Xiao-Jun
Published: November 2019

The interaction of an atom with an intense laser field provides an important approach to explore the ultrafast electron dynamics and extract the information of the atomic and molecular structures with unprecedented attosecond temporal and angstrom spatial resolution. To well understand the strong field atomic processes, numerous theoretical methods have been developed, including solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE), classical and semiclassical trajectory method, quantumS-matrix theory within the strong-field approximation,etc. Recently, an alternative and complementary quantum approach, called Bohmian trajectory theory, has been successfully used in the strong-field atomic physics and an exciting progress has been achieved in the study of strong-field phenomena. In this paper, we provide an overview of the Bohmian trajectory method and its perspective on two strong field atomic processes,i.e., atomic and molecular ionization and high-order harmonic generation, respectively.
Review on non-dipole effects in ionization and harmonic generation of atoms and molecules*
Authors: Wang Mu-Xue , Chen Si-Ge , Liang Hao , Peng Liang-You
Published: November 2019

In this review, we will focus on recent progress on the investigations of nondipole effects in few-electron atoms and molecules interacting with light fields. We first briefly survey several popular theoretical methods and relevant concepts in strong field and attosecond physics beyond the dipole approximation. Physical phenomena stemming from the breakdown of the dipole approximation are then discussed in various topics, including the radiation pressure and photon-momentum transfer, the atomic stabilization, the dynamic interference, and the high-order harmonic generation. Whenever available, the corresponding experimental observations of these nondipole effects are also introduced respectively in each topics.
Calibration of optical particle counters: first comprehensive inter-comparison for particle sizes up to 5 µm and number concentrations up to 2 cm−3
Authors: Vasilatou Konstantina , Dirscherl Kai , Iida Kenjiro , Sakurai Hiromu , Horender Stefan , Auderset Kevin
Published: November 2019

We report on an inter-laboratory comparison for the calibration of light-scattering optical particle counters measuring the number concentration of airborne particles in the size range 300 nm–5 µm. This comparison, registered as EURAMET pilot study Nr. 1453, is an important first step towards internationally recognized SI traceability in the measurement of low particle number concentrations encountered in clean-room facilities. The participating particle metrology laboratories of NMIJ (Japan), DFM (Denmark) and METAS (Switzerland) each provided a portable optical particle counter as a transfer standard to be circulated amongst the partners. The comparison covered particle number concentrations up to about 2 cm−3. The individual measurements for the transfer standards at each laboratory are in good agreement with the reference value, typically within 7%, which supports the applied national primary methods of measurement.
High predictability of terrestrial carbon fluxes from an initialized decadal prediction system
Authors: Lovenduski Nicole S , Bonan Gordon B , Yeager Stephen G , Lindsay Keith , Lombardozzi Danica L
Published: November 2019

Interannual variations in the flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the land surface and the atmosphere are the dominant component of interannual variations in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate. Here, we investigate the potential to predict variations in these terrestrial carbon fluxes 1–10 years in advance using a novel set of retrospective decadal forecasts of an Earth system model. We demonstrate that globally-integrated net ecosystem production (NEP) exhibits high potential predictability for 2 years following forecast initialization. This predictability exceeds that from a persistence or uninitialized forecast conducted with the same Earth system model. The potential predictability in NEP derives mainly from high predictability in ecosystem respiration, which itself is driven by vegetation carbon and soil moisture initialization. Our findings unlock the potential to forecast the terrestrial ecosystem in a changing environment.
Sustainable management of natural pastures in Buryatia
Authors: Imeskenova E G , Butukhanov A B , MKomendanova T
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the issues of sustainable pasture resources management on the example of the Tunkinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia. Sustainable pasture management contributes not only to the preservation of forests, but also to the promotion of adaptation to climate change, the preservation of biodiversity, and the improvement of the living standards of the local population. The use of pasture resources provides a long-term balance between livestock numbers, fodder production and pasture productivity, while maintaining the functionality and structure of the entire ecosystem. Pasture ecosystems are dominated by plants from the families Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae. Lack of grazing leads to the decreasing share of forage species to 47% (on average), as it not used in the ecosystem. For sustainable pasture exploitation, the experimentally established structure of ecological groups is recommended: 70% for forage grass, 15% for medicinal, 7% for ruderal, 5% for poisonous, 1% for others. Unsystematic grazing of animals on pastures leads to a 2.5-3 fold reduction in species of biodiversity (27-30 species), and the family representation becomes 2 times lower. In relation to animal grazing, a total of 5 ecological groups of plants were identified. More than that, their structure, ecosystem, and economic role in stabilizing the ecological situation of pastures were established. In the course of the research conducted in the study area in environmental, economic, financial, and institutional aspects, three scenarios for the management of pasture resources are highlighted: unstable, extensive, and balanced.
Optimization of acreages as an element of sustainable development of natural landscapes
Authors: Chibis V , Kutyshev I
Published: November 2019

The alternation of crops for a long time will remain a fundamental element of the zonal technologies of their cultivation. The use of mathematical modeling methods will allow to reach a new level in solving the issues of effective use of arable land through the use of models that optimize it. Especially, the results of studies based on long-term observations will be valuable. We used data from long-term stationary experiments to study the alternation of crops in crop rotations that took more than five rotations. The stationary experiments are located in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia in the fields of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center. The purpose of the research was to optimize the use of arable land based on mathematical modeling methods to preserve soil fertility. In the work, a model that takes into account the conditions of the agroecosystem is used (humus balance, labor costs, energy costs, etc.). It allows one to optimize the cultivated area, while maintaining soil fertility, ensuring the production of products at a consistently high level, with increasing economic and energy efficiency. The article shows that in grain-crop crop rotations, the yield is generated due to the natural fertility of the soil, as evidenced by the negative humus balance, which reaches 0.18-0.78 t/ha. During the alternation of the fruit-changing alternation, the crop was formed against the background of the reproduction of the organic matter of the soil by increasing the plant residues from the use of fertilizers. The humus balance was positive (0.15-0.28 t/ha). When using employed steam along with clean steam, rape as siderate, and also straw as an organic fertilizer for grain crops, the amount of 2.01 t/ha of marketable grain was obtained (with a 16.8% share of pure steam, as well as occupied steam (11%) and spring grain (72.2%), of the arable land area). Increasing the area in the crop rotation of Western Siberia using straw, green manure, and occupied vapors as organic fertilizer, the soil fertility reproduction with a certain decrease in the yield of marketable grain up to 2 t/ha can be achieved.
Sustainable development of organic agriculture in the Baikal region, as a cross-border area
Authors: Altaeva O A , Imeskenova E G , Chibikova O M
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of sustainable development of organic agriculture in the Baikal region, in particular the transboundary territories of the Republic of Buryatia and Mongolia. The article presents a study into the structure of land use in border areas and an analysis of the applied farming systems. The prospects for organic agriculture in the republic are studied and a model of the market for organic products in the Baikal region is suggested.
Contribution of the forests of the Republic of Buryatia to the development of a “green” economy
Authors: Puntsukova S
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of a carbon balance study in the forests of the Republic of Buryatia based on the materials taking into account the state of the forest fund and key factors (logging, forest fires) that affect carbon absorption and emission. The research clearly demonstrates that the size of the carbon budget in the forests of the republic is determined by the current age structure of forests and the intensity of destructive disruptions because of carbon losses due to logging, forest fires, and the death of plantations. The carbon absorption by forests is characterized by relative stability. Despite the fact that the forests of Buryatia have a great potential for carbon absorption (deposition), the last one decreases in the context of increasing clear-cutting and fire exposure to forests.
Influence of the saline waters of the flowing well on the chemical composition of water and bottom sediments in the Irtysh river and its tributary (Aremzyanka river)
Authors: Mihailova L V , Chemagin A A , Aleksandrov A S
Published: November 2019

The article presents data on the influence of waters from the self-flowing wells in the floodplain of the Aremzyanka river of the first order inflow on the chemical composition of the water in the large transboundary Irtysh river in the south of the Tyumen region (Tobolsk District). The article shows the excess of the background of various elements in the bottom sediments of the studied rivers. The number of ions in the water of the Aramzyanka river is 2 times higher in comparison with the main river. The paper discusses the impact of saline water from a flowing well on a freshwater ecosystem, its components.
A spatio-temporal analysis of the Teniz-Korgalzhyn trench geosystems based on the Landsat and Sentinel satellite image decoding materials
Authors: Sagatbaev E N , Krupochkin E P , Dunets A N
Published: November 2019

The article presents a unique research on the Teniz-Korgalzhyn trench geosystems. Using the computer-aided decoding of multi-zone satellite imagery, the space-time patterns of the structure, functioning, and dynamics of the development of landscape components of the studied area are determined. Using the functionality of contemporary instrumental GIS and interpretation algorithms, the indicators of productivity of geosystems and anthropogenic transformation are determined. Significant anthropogenic factors that do not have a ubiquitous, but local influence on the dynamics of geosystems in the context of significant changes in the ratio of moisture and productivity are established. Conclusions onthe need to control anthropogenic influence and ensure the rational use of resources of the territory are made, treating them as a factor of sustainable development.
Natural radioactivity in aquatic ecosystems formed by self-flowing wells: the case of a water flow, a well “Cherkashinskaya 36-RG – stream – Aremzyanka river”
Authors: Aleksandrov A S
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the assessment of the radiation hazard of water and nearby bottom sediments of self-flowing hydrogeological wells, as well as the assessment of the radiation safety of personnel working with these materials for geological prospecting and national economic enterprises. The article is devoted to the study of the impact on the ecosystem of the geothermal waters of the self-flowing exploratory well “Cherkashinskaya No. b36-RG.” In 1965, it was drilled to study a group of iodine-bromine water deposits. The article presents data from a survey of natural background radiation, as well as data on the natural radioactivity of bottom sediments and the volume content of radium in water. The relevance of the work is due to half a century of pollution by highly mineralized iodine-bromine waters of the Irtysh catchment as one of the largest transboundary rivers in Western Siberia. The Aremzyanka River is a tributary of the 1st order of the Irtysh River, a stream flowing from the flowing well No. 36-RG flows into this river.
Analyzing the risk factors for improving the Russian mink efficiency
Authors: Khusainova N R , Vorozheykina T M
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes those factors that affect the functioning of domestic fur farms. In order to diagnose risks at the enterprises of the fur farming industry, a scientific approach using the matrix method is applied. The benefits of using this method have been studied. Using the example of fur animals for breeding mink, the risk matrix is considered. An author’s vision of the classification of consequences, probabilities, and risk levels is proposed. Using an integrated approach that includes various methods for measuring risk is proposed. This will provide for the most complete picture of the risks inherent in a particular business entity. The most probable and dangerous consequences and factors affecting both domestic and international fur farms’ activities are analyzed. A risk analysis at domestic fur farms should be carried out in order to prevent the occurrence of critical situations at all stages of the production process.
Planning the forest transport systems based on the principles of sustainable development of territories
Authors: Enaleeva-Bandura I M , Kovalev R N , Chernykh R A
Published: November 2019

The article identifies a new method of dynamic modeling in the design of the transport system in the forest fund (TSFF), which is based on economic and mathematical modeling and fuzzy logic tools. The combination of the indicated methods is designed to reduce the disadvantages of their use and increase the benefits. The article substantiates the choice of assessing the forecast level of the impact of risks on the activities of forestry enterprises (the method of expert assessments), using the methodological tools of fuzzy logic. The indicated method makes it possible to take into account a large variety of risk factors of the internal and external environment. At the same time, methodological aspects of fuzzy logic make it possible to formulate a quantitative assessment of qualitative indicators. The article substantiates the choice of tools for economic and mathematical modeling in order to state the design problem of the planned TSFF. Since the indicated method enables the formalization of the functioning of the timber transport system in the given conditions. The article presents a developed model that correctly takes into account the influence of risk factors when planning a TSFF, through the combination of fuzzy logic methods and economic and mathematical modeling. The advantages of the developed model include: considering the multivariance of material flows, vehicles, points of overload, etc.; automated processing of input parameters and effective data; using the model for forecasting, i.e. the possibility of deriving a fuzzy estimate of the efficiency of the timber transport system by identifying cause-effect relationships between the modeling object and the influence of risk factors on its functioning.
The burnt solid in adsorption treatment of water from heavy metal ions
Authors: Salishcheva O V , Tarasova U V , Moldagulova N E
Published: November 2019

The process of adsorption of ions of heavy metals Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ from aqueous solutions with the mineral adsorbent burnt solid was investigated. Kinetic data on the adsorption process were obtained. Parameters of adsorption equilibrium using the Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich equations have been calculated. The efficiency of extracting heavy metal ions upon modification of the adsorbent and in the area of low concentrations is shown.
Multi-agent modeling of the control system of space-time states of man-made objects
Authors: Bugakova T , Sharapov A , Knol I
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the development of a multi-agent system for solving problems of determining, controlling, and predicting the space-time states (STS) of objects. A generalized scheme of a multi-agent approach to solving the problem of determining the STS of an object is given. The article describes an algorithm “decision trees” on the example of the decomposition of the object in order to monitor and predict the STS of the structural parts of the object.
The economic benefits of the production of double haploid for selection of white cabbage
Authors: Mineikina A I , Bondareva L L , Domblides E A
Published: November 2019

An important task of any state in the world is to ensure food security. The Russian Federation is the third largest cabbage producer in the world. In the conditions of the modern market, for ensuring successful competitiveness, selection must promptly respond to consumer requests. To reduce some stages of the selection process, we used the modern biotechnological method of culture of isolated microspores in vitro. This method allows one to get homozygous lines in the first generation. In the Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing, the protocol for obtaining doubled haploid cabbage cultures has been optimized and successfully applied in practice. However, for expediency of implementation of the obtained lines in the selection and seed-growing process, it is important for us to know the economic efficiency of production. The paper presents the data on the basic costs of obtaining lines of white cabbage with traditional and modern biotechnological methods of selection. The article provides a comparative assessment of their cost-effectiveness in the selection of white cabbage. It is shown that the use of the biotechnological method in combination with the classical method of selection allows to obtain pure lines with 100% homozygosity for 3 years. At the same time, economic costs of producing lines, when using doubled haploid plants of white cabbage, are reduced in 2 times.
Economic efficiency of growing domestic hybrids of sweet peppers in the steppe zone conditions
Authors: Mamedov M I , Gavrish S F , Pyshnaya O N
Published: November 2019

One of the main factors for increasing the efficiency of production of sweet peppers is the introduction of new high-yielding varieties and hybrids adapted to the growing conditions in order to fully realize their potential productivity. Every year, the leading breeding institutions of the country and foreign companies supply a large number of new hybrids to the market for subsequent introduction into production of the most productive ones. The main criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of varieties and hybrids is the annual economic effect of their introduction into production. The purpose of our research was to test domestic heterotic pepper hybrids suitable for production in industrial volumes, clarify the varietal cultivation technology for the steppe zone, and establish the economic efficiency of their cultivation. The work shows the economic efficiency of growing domestic hybrids of sweet pepper F1Victor, F1Medok F1Lekar, F1Aleksiy, F1Erivan using advanced cultivation technology. The article shows that domestic hybrids with a planting period of March 15-20 and plant density of 72 thousand/ha provided a yield of 73-78 t/ha, which was 12-20% higher than the F1Vedran standard. The calculations showed that the profitability of production is determined by the productivity of a particular hybrid. Among the studied samples, the most profitable (more than 30%) are F1Lekar, F1Aleksiy, which had a yield of 77-78 t/ha. High profitability was observed in F1Victor (28.9%) and F1Erivan (27.2%) hybrids, profitability is slightly lower in F1Medok (23.8%). In general, domestic hybrids have a 2.3-3.1 times higher profitability compared to the standard, which indicates the high efficiency of their cultivation in industrial production.
A perspective method of garlic enrichment (Allium Sativum L.) with selenium
Authors: Polyakov A , Alekseeva T , Soldatenko A
Published: November 2019

Obtaining high-quality products is one of the most important tasks of agricultural enterprises of all forms of ownership. Quality indicators are not only organoleptic indicators, but first of all, the chemical composition of the products manufactured. Quality food should contain the necessary macro-and micronutrients in a dose that meets the needs of the human body in them. In this regard, the development of methods for obtaining products containing microelements, in the quantity necessary to ensure the normal functioning of a person is a particularly important area at present. We have found that preplant treatment of chives and vegetative plants with a 0.1% solution of potassium selenite in combination with SAS and DMSO makes it possible to produce bulbs in which the content of selenium exceeds the control by 29.4 and 145.3 times. A similar treatment of cloves and plants with sodium selenite leads to an increase in the selenium content in the bulbs to 8.0 mg/kg and 7.3 mg/kg, or 169.8 and 157.2 times in comparison with the control. The proposed method of enrichment of garlic with selenium allows to improve the qualitative composition of this culture and increase its economic significance.
The concept of formation of agricultural food systems in the border regions on the principles of network-centric structures
Authors: Kundius V A , Kovalyova I V
Published: November 2019

The theoretical and practical approaches to the organization of the territorial economy in agricultural regions on network-centric principles are considered in this paper. Their effectiveness has been proven within the sinter theory in the conditions of market economy and planned economy. The effectiveness of horizontal linkages in clusters of commercial complex provides the opportunity to conduct economic activities, mutually beneficial, efficient use of resources usage cross-border territories. Exploring the resource potential of Large regions of Altai enabled us to identify opportunities to significantly increase the production of the ecologically clean certified meat and dairy livestock products with special properties and contains useful microelements, vitamins, competitive not only in the domestic but also in global markets. This is due to the problem of ensuring healthy nutrition as well as recruiting in world popularity, slow food movement, based on the principle of ecological compatibility of natural products consumed. Thus, the eco-production is able to become a “growth pole” for the rural territories.
Benchmarking sustainable energy technologies in cross-border regions: issues of economic efficiency
Authors: Chernikova O , Zlatitskaya Y , Klimashina Y
Published: November 2019

The long-term trends of world energy development envisage a radical increase in the energy efficiency, an increase in its quality indicators, and a transition from fossil fuels to the use of sustainable energy technologies. The article presents an algorithm developed by a team of authors for planning, implementing, and evaluating economic efficiency of benchmarking sustainable energy technologies in cross-border regions. Its use will allow optimizing the energy intensity of enterprises, ensuring energy security, economic efficiency and environmental stability of adjacent territories, preserving the mineral resource base, and improving the quality of life of the population.
The state of food industry as a factor in food security of transboundary territories
Authors: Pomozova V , Kiseleva T , Stepakova N
Published: November 2019

The article presents an analysis of the current state in the food industry in the Far Eastern Federal District. Also, it analyzes its impact on ensuring food security in the region.
Digitization of marketing activities of agricultural entrepreneurship in the conditions of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Akzholova M , Osmonova A
Published: November 2019

The problems associated with the current trend in the consumption of natural food products, the sale of manufactured products, increasing the competitiveness of domestic products, foreign product intervention, ensuring the institutionalization of Internet commerce by the state are discussed in the article. The analysis carried out features of the introduction and development of efficient, digital technologies in agriculture. Also, promising areas of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex are highlighted by the authors. It was recommended to entrepreneurs to create such sites, the effectiveness of which reached the audience at an appropriate level, the volume of orders was maximum, which ultimately would increase profits and strengthen market position.