bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The spectrum of microvascular patterns in adult diffuse glioma and their correlation with tumor grade
Authors: Soni  , Walke Vaishali , Joshi Deepti , Sharma Tanya , Shrivastava Adesh , Agrawal Amit
Published: May 2024

Background: Primary brain tumors constitute the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Among them, adult diffuse gliomas are the most common type, affecting the cerebral hemispheres and displaying a diffuse infiltrative pattern of growth in the surrounding neuropil that accounts for about 80% of all primary intracranial tumors. The hallmark feature of gliomas is blood vessel proliferation, which plays an important role in tumor growth, tumor biological behavior, and disease outcome. High-grade gliomas exhibit increased vascularity, the worst prognosis, and lower survival rates. Several angiogenic receptors and factors are upregulated in glioblastomas and stimulate angiogenesis signaling pathways by means of activating oncogenes and/or down-regulating tumor-suppressor genes. Existing literature has emphasized that different microvascular patterns (MVPs) are displayed in different subtypes of adult diffuse gliomas. Methods: We examined the distribution and biological characteristics of different MVPs in 50 patients with adult diffuse gliomas. Haematoxylin and eosin staining results, along with periodic acid–Schiff and CD34 dual-stained sections, were examined to assess the vascular patterns and correlate with different grades of diffuse glioma. Results: The present observational study on adult diffuse glioma evaluated tumor grade and MVPs. Microvascular sprouting was the most common pattern, while a bizarre pattern (type 2) was associated with the presence of a high-grade glioma. Vascular mimicry was observed in 6% of cases, all of which were grade 4 gliomas. Conclusions: This study supplements the role of neo-angiogenesis and aberrant vasculature patterns in the grading and progression of adult diffuse gliomas, which can be future targets for planning treatment strategies.
Body Adiposity Index as a Predictor of Body Fat in an Oldest Old and Independent Cohort of Brazilian Older Adults
Authors: Spinoza Evelyn Dearo , Fonte Flavia Kurebayashi , Carvalho Vanessa Amarante , Dos Santos Regiane Aparecida , Colleoni Gisele W. B. , Cendoroglo Maysa Seabra
Published: May 2024

Background: Anthropometry and body mass index (BMI) do not assess body composition or its distribution in older adults; thus, individuals may have different fat percentages but similar BMI values. The body adiposity index (BAI) was recently proposed as a feasible and inexpensive method for estimating the percentage of body fat based on measurements of hip circumference and height. The present study evaluated whether BAI and BMI are useful alternatives to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is rarely used in clinical practice, for predicting body fat in independent long-lived older adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used DXA to calculate the percentage of body fat, which was compared with BAI and BMI values. We performed Pearson correlation analyses and used Cronbach’s alpha, described by Bland and Altman, to compare the reliability between the indexes. Results: Among 157 evaluated individuals (73.2% women, mean age 87±3.57 years), men had a lower percentage of total fat, as assessed by DXA, and lower BAI indices than women. The correlation between BAI and DXA was moderate (r=0.59 for men and r=0.67 for women, p<0.001). We confirmed the reliability based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.67 in men and 0.77 in women. We also observed that the BAI was strongly positively correlated with BMI in both men and women.Conclusion: The BAI, used in combination with BMI, can be an alternative to DXA for the assessment of body fat in the oldest old in clinical practice, mainly women, and can be used to add information to BMI.
LED Light Sources Tests and Requirements Standard
Authors:   Lighting Standard Practices Committee
Published: May 2024

This SAE Recommended Practice provides the methods of measurements for electrical and photometric characteristics of LED packages. It provides procedures, requirements, and guidelines for the methods of the measurement of luminous flux and color maintenance of LED devices (packages, arrays, and modules) for ground vehicle lighting applications.
Causal agent for disease symptoms on passionflower in Adim, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekpiken E.E. , Eyong O.I. , Adediji A.O.
Published: May 2024

The stinking passionflower (Passiflora foetida L.) is generally regarded as a weed, although its tender fruits are consumed by a few; while the plant is mostly regarded for its medicinal properties. Cucumber mosaic virus is known not just to cause significant losses among crops, but also present in many weeds species. The objective of this study was to identify the causal agent of the disease symptoms observed from P. foetida in Adim, Cross River State, Nigeria. Leaves of P. foetida with virus symptoms were collected from various locations in Adim. Antigen-coated plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ACP-ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were used for virus detection and characterisation. The symptomatic leaves reacted positively with the CMV antisera in ACP-ELISA and sequences from RT-PCR products showed the highest identity (98.5%) with a CMV isolate from Xanthosoma sp. (MG021460) in Uganda. Phylogenetic reconstruction aggregated the isolates with other Nigerian CMV sequences in a separate uncharacterised subgroup, closest to MH798809 (Nigeria), MW655577 (Nigeria) and HQ874434 (Austria). The tree also revealed the isolates as members of subgroup IB. This study provides the first molecular evidence of CMV infection on P. foetida in Nigeria and adds to the list of possible natural host for the virus in the country.
Transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors of Kamenge Teaching Hospital blood bank in Burundi
Authors: Ntawuyamara Epipod , Manirakiza Astere , Nduwimana Ferdinand , Iradukunda Arnaud , Nyandwi Ramadhan , Nsanzabagenzi Dionys
Published: May 2024

Background: The current risk of contracting a transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) is unknown in Burundi.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess sociodemographic profiles of blood bank donors at Kamenge Teaching Hospital, the prevalence and associated risk factors of HIV, syphilis, HBV and HCV from 2015 to 2020.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including all blood donors of Kamenge Teaching Hospital blood bank. During this study, 1370 blood samples were screened for HIV, Syphilis, HBV and HCV. We calculated prevalence of TTIs and performed logistic regression to know associated risk factors.
Results: Blood donors were males at 77% and 23% females. They were mostly students (54.2%). On screening, 83 blood samples (6.06%) were seropositive for at least one TTI. The overall prevalence rate of HIV, Syphilis, HBV and HCV among blood donors was 1.3%, 0.2% ,1.6%, 2.9% respectively. There was difference in distribution of the four TTIs among blood donors which is statistically significant (x2=33.997, ρ-value<0.001). Private donors were associated with a high risk of syphilis and being a first-time donor was associated with a high HBV risk factor.
Conclusion: The prevalence of TTIs found still to be high; mandatory and continuous screening is necessary.
Keyswords: Transfusion transmitted infections; prevalence; blood donors; blood bank; Burundi.
Curosurf surfactant application on preterm babies with respiratory complications-health-economic benefits
Authors: Mihaylova Anna , Kristina Kilova , Kasnakova Petya , Gueorguiev Stanislav , Gueorguieva Petkova , Bakova Desislava , Parahuleva Nikoleta
Published: May 2024

Background: The implementation of surfactant for respiratory syndrome approbates the therapy as a revolutionary method inintensive neonatal therapy and respiratory resuscitation. It is important to investigate the costs of this treatment.
Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze the data by the application of the surfactant Curosurf to preterm babies withrespiratory complications and describe the treatment costs, healthcare resource utilization and evaluate economic benefits ofsurfactant use in the treatment of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and hyaline-membrane disease (HDM).
Methods: A retrospective survey was performed covering 167 babies based on respiratory complications due to preterm birthand the necessity to apply a surfactant therapy. A documentary method was implemented and for each patient, an individualresearch protocol was filled out - a questionnaire created specifically for the purposes of the study.
Results and discussion: An analysis of the data from the application of CUROSURF was made and the obtained therapeuticresults were compared to expenditures for the therapy, short-term therapeutic effect, benefits and consequences of the therapyof preterm newborns with respiratory complications. The application of CUROSURF to babies with RDS resulted in the realizationof net savings due to the elimination of the necessity of conducting several diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as wellas their duration reduction of hospital stay, thus defining its health-economic benefits.
Conclusions: The models of evaluation of cost effectiveness reveal that the medicinal product is expensive but effective fromthe aspect of short-term therapeutic results.
Keywords: Surfactant; CUROSURF; preterm babies; respiratory complications; health-economic benefits.
Nutritional status of school children in South-West Nigeria: Inferences from a national homegrown school feeding programme
Authors: Akinyode Obembe Taiwo , Oluwaseun Bosede Ayoola , Ariyo Oluwaseun , I P Adeniji Folashayo , Olaoye Abiodun , Mathew Adebayo Ayodeji
Published: May 2024

Background: The School Feeding Programme if properly executed has the capacity to improve the nutritional status of theschool children.
Objective: To assess the nutritional status of school children in Ondo State Nigeria given that the National Home-GrownSchool Feeding Programme (NHGSFP) has been operational in the state for over five years.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Results: A total of 234 subjects from public schools and 227 subjects from private schools were enrolled in the study. Theirmean age was 8.23 ± 1.92 years. Wasting, overweight, obesity, underweight, and stunting were noted in 19.4%, 11.4%, 0.4%,5.0%, and 20.7% of the children, respectively. The prevalence of stunting (30.3%) and wasting (23.9%) was more among subjectsfrom the public schools. A significant association was found between Weight-for-Age Z-score, Height-for-Age Z-score, andBMI-for-Age Z-score and the children’s school type (p < 0.005).
Conclusion: Majority of the children showed normal growth, the rest were in both extremes of malnutrition, the subjects fromprivate schools seem to present better nutritional status, although there is no baseline data to ratify this finding. A further studyon this subject using the current finding as a baseline data is recommended.
Keywords: School children; Nutritional assessment; Stunting; Underweight; Wasting; School feeding programme.
Knowledge, attitude and practices towards oral health among secondary school students in Huye district, Rwanda
Authors: Bayingana M John , Shyaka Geofrey , Ogendi Japheths
Published: May 2024

Background: Good oral health knowledge is considered to be crucial for health-related practices and better oral hygiene.
Objective: This study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices towards oral health among secondary student inHuye district.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 386 students from public secondary schools with advanced level. Boardingsecondary schools were excluded. Stratified Clustering sampling technique was used for selecting study participants. A closedended questionnaire was used for collecting data. Results were found on the basis of percentage and frequency using SPSS 21.0version.
Results: The majority of participants, 222 (57.5%) were female and 164 (42.5%) were male. The majority of the participants,168 (43.5%) were between 15-17 years old. Out of the total population of students 1.8% had good knowledge, 56.2% hadaverage knowledge and 42% had poor knowledge about oral health. Moreover, 56.2% had negative and 43.8% had positive oralhealth attitudes and overall practice towards oral hygiene of students showed that 74.6 % had poor practice and 24.4% had goodpractices.
Conclusion: Oral hygiene has to be long life practice and oral health education have to be included as part of the school environment.
Keywords: Knowledge; attitudes; practice; oral health.
Exploring patient referral practices of traditional healthcare practitioners in Soshanguve, Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Musiiwa Makhavhu Eugene , Elizabeth Masala-Chokwe Mmajapi , Sara Ramukumba Tendani
Published: May 2024

Introduction: It may be necessary for healthcare professionals to refer patients to other professionals and institutions that areable to provide the care needed by patients, depending on the severity each case presents, healthcare requirements, and resourcesavailable to offer care. In healthcare generally, patient referral is standard procedure; however, in South Africa, referral patternsbetween allopathic and traditional healthcare practitioners are unknown, and this is a problem yet to be addressed.
Objectives: The study objective was to explore patient referral practices from the perspectives of traditional healthcare practitionersof South Africa.
Methods: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design was employed to collect data from 11 traditional healthcare practitionerswho were sampled using snowball sampling. An individual semi structured interview schedule was used to collect data.Content analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results: Patient referral was common practice in traditional health practices, however not reciprocal between the traditionaland allopathic healthcare. Several indications for patient referral to allopathic healthcare practitioners included management ofchronic conditions amongst others.
Discussion: Patient referral being an important part of healthcare practices should be promoted and regulation and traditionalhealth practices improved to promote safe referral practices and curb unsafe self-referrals by patients.
Keywords: Referral system; patient referral; traditional healthcare; allopathic healthcare.
Deodorant use and related adverse effects: a cross-sectional survey among Palestinian students
Authors: Ali Iyad , Shraim Naser , Younes Anwar , Sawafta Reem , Sbeih Asma , Khater Samar
Published: May 2024

Background: Deodorants are widely used to mask unpleasant body odors. They are reported to cause some adverse effectsdepending on the form and ingredients. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of deodorant use and relatedadverse effects among Palestinian students.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at An-Najah National University from Aug 2018 to Mar 2020. A questionnairewas constructed using a Google survey form. All analyses were done using SPSS 21.0, Fisher test was used for comparativeanalysis and the P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: A total of 554 students participated in the study. About 93% of the participants were using deodorants and adverseeffects were reported by 25% of the participants. The reported adverse effects were itching (26%), coloration (25%), sneezing(21%), and eye redness (8%). Only 4.1% of the participants visited a physician for counselling regarding various adverse effects.
Conclusion: Deodorants were widely used by Palestinian students with reported adverse effects, but these side effects rarelyprompted the participants to seek medical advice.
Keywords: Deodorants; antiperspirants; adverse effects; skin; students; physician consultation.
Effect of Modified Diets Pancreatic Oxidative Markers in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar rats Following the Administration of Alpha Lipoic Acid
Authors: Ossai N. R. , Ojieh A. E. , Nwangwa E. K. , Nwogueze B. C.
Published: May 2024

Despite the availability of various anti-diabetic drugs, diabetes mellitus (DM) remains one of the world’s most prevalent chronic diseases leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering oxidative stress as well as numerous cellular and molecular modifications such as mitochondrial dysfunction affecting normal physiological functions in the body. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of modified diets on pancreatic oxidative markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats following the administration of Alpha lipoic acid, using standard appropriate techniques. Result established that High protein diet (HPD), and with combined administration with alpha lipoic acid in this research resulted in an increased pancreatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels respectively while decreasing pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, hence is affirmed as a beneficial strategy in the management of oxidative stress in diabetes. The present study concludes that high protein diets alone and in combination with ALA decreases pancreatic oxidative stress damage caused by streptozotocin toxicity, hence, has the potential to manage diabetes by reducing Reactice oxygen species (ROS) mediated oxidative stress.
Willingness of Park Users to Plant Trees in Public Motor Parks to Improve Environmental Condition in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Fasoro O. A. , Ajewole O. I.
Published: May 2024

The effect of global warming and air pollution have shifted more focus to tree planting as a way to combat climate change and improve the environment. Most Nigerian motor parks are polluted; thus, this study investigated the willingness of park users to plant trees in public motor parks to improve park's environmental condition in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria using structured questionnaires in six motor parks. Questionnaires were randomly administered to 12 drivers, 5 traders and 3 commuters, per Motor Park, making a total of 120 respondents. Study revealed that 60.8% of motor park users were under the age of 50; 100% of drivers were men, whereas women (70%) dominated trading. Drivers (94.4%) and traders (83.3%) use motor parks on a daily basis, but commuters (66.7%) use the park occasionally. Most of respondents (47.2%), traders (56.7%), and commuters (83.3%) stated that the park’s environment is not conducive (unsuitable). Respondents (85.8%) of motor park users indicated that they want a better environmental condition. Chi-square test reveals a significant relationship between respondents' educational status and perceived environmental condition of the motor park. Logistic analysis indicated that traders (0.183) and commuters (0.236) are less likely to be interested in tree planting. Most Nigerian motor parks have unsuitable environments, tree planting is one potential solution for improving the environmental condition. Relevant authorities should develop policies that encourage tree planting and tree planting should be incorporated and implemented in the design of new motor parks.
Evaluation of Interactions between Malaria Vector Control Practices and Demographic Parameters in Selected Communities in Abia State, South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Ekedo C. M. , Ukpai O. M. , Ehisianya C. N. , Okore O. O. , Agaoru C. G.
Published: May 2024

Malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes has become a debilitating and burdensome disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and conventional practices such as Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLITNs), and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and unconventional practices are usually employed as malaria vector control measures. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the interactions that exist between these control practices and demographic parameters in selected communities across Ikwuano, Osisioma and Ohafia Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Abia State, South-East, Nigeria using multi-stage sampling technique with five hundred and ten structured questionnaires. Data obtained reveals that the predominant control practices were IRS (325; 63.7%), although it was used in combination with other control methods. This was followed by screening of windows with net (221; 43.3%), whereas only a few respondents used LLITNs. Respondent’s LGA, level of education, type of dwelling structure and household size had significant relationship with most of the malaria vector control practices/perceptions (P < 0.05). However, gender had no significant relationship with any of the malaria vector control practices/perceptions (P > 0.05). Effectiveness (306; 60.0%) was the major reason behind choice of method practiced. Respondents also chose methods that were cheap (175; 34.3%) and prevented contact with mosquitoes (154; 30.2%), but attested to not being aware of any recent Government/Non-Governmental (NGO) mosquito control intervention (386; 75.7%). Considering the low ownership and usage of LLITNs in Abia, efforts should be made towards more distribution. Control programs are advised to consider LGA, level of education, household size, and type of dwelling structure during the design and deployment of interventions.
Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Sachet Water Quality Vended Along Song-Gombi Route, Adamawa State, Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Malgwi D. W.
Published: May 2024

People need safe drinking water to survive; hence, the quality of drinking water is crucial. Nigerians' ambition to consume sachet water has made it possible to analyse the quality of various sachet water brands, hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the physiochemical properties of sachet water quality vended along Song-Gombi Route, Adamawa State, Northeastern Nigeria using appropriate standard methods by collecting 10 brands of sachet water labeled 1-10. The pH readings of all 10 different brands of sachet water, which ranged from 6.75 to 7.91, were within the allowable limit. The allowed limit was met by the turbidity result, which ranged from 0.32 to 4.90 NTU, and the TDS, which ranged from 0.00 to54.00 mg/L. There was a range of 31-340C, 131-202µS/cm, and 23.99-71.98 mg/L for temperature, conductivity, and chloride, respectively. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Buck Scientific VPG, 210 model was used to determine the concentrations of Pb, Cu, Mn, Mg, and Cd. With the exception of Mn, which was found in two brands of sachet water, sample 8 (0.60 mg/L) and sample 10 (0.84 mg/L), the findings of the metal concentration tests were below the WHO/SON acceptable limit. None of the samples had any Pb. These findings indicate that high quality standards must be followed. Additionally, evaluating market samples at random will be an effective method for determining whether the quality meets the necessary requirements.
Influence of Credit Risk Management Practices on Loan Performance: A Case of Selected Microfinance Institutions in Tanzania
Authors: Mwakujonga Joshua , Komba Coretha
Published: May 2024

This research investigates the influence of credit risk management practices on loan performance of microfinance institutions. The  variables of interest in this study are credit appraisal, credit supervision, credit monitoring (as predictor variables) and loan performance  (as dependent variable). However, the study includes average credit processing time as a control variable. The study focuses on five  microfinance institutions operating in Tanzania. The research utilizes probability and non-probability sampling to select 140 respondents  from the study population. The study collected both primary and secondary data. Data analysis was carried out by applying multiple  regression analysis following the assumptions of ordinary least squares (OLS). The findings reveal that credit supervision, credit monitoring, and average credit process time are significant in influencing loan performance in microfinance institutions. Contrary, there  is no evidence, whatsoever to suggest that credit supervision influences loan performance in microfinance institutions.
Ranferon-12 tonic mitigates haematological abnormalities in cyclophosphamide-treated rats
Authors: Okafor Azubuike I.
Published: May 2024

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) has anticancer property with many side-effects including haematotoxicity while ranferon-12 tonic (RFT) possesses haematinic effect. This study investigated the mitigating effects of RFT on haematotoxicity in CPA-treated rats. Twenty-four animals were grouped into four (n=6) and treated orally as indicated: Group A: (Control) received 0.4 mL of physiological saline (PS) for 7 consecutive days; Group B: (CPA) received 0.4 mL of PS for 7 days followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of CPA (200 mg/kg) on the 7th day; Group C: (RFT) received RFT at 0.029 mL/kg for 7 days; Group D: (RFT+CPA) received RFT at 0.029 mL/kg for 7 days followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of CPA on the 7th day. Twenty-four hours after the final treatment, the animals were weighed, anaesthetised and sacrificed. Blood was obtained via cardiac puncture and transferred to EDTA and plain tubes for further analysis. Result showed that a single dose of CPA (200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the level of white blood cells, haemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, and platelet (values >36%). Additionally, the body temperature was significantly (p<0.05) elevated by 5.1 %. Furthermore, decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase with a concomitant rise in MDA content were observed. All these alterations were mitigated; to some extent, in animals pre-treated with RFT prior to CPA-administration. The study suggests that RFT could mitigate haematotoxicity in CPA-administered rats by suppressing oxidative stress via modulation of haematopoietic factors, which in turn promotes haematopoiesis.
Activity of Paullinia pinnata leaf fractions on bacterial isolates associated with treatment-failure wounds
Authors: Adeyemo-Salami Oluwatoyin A. , David Oluwole M. , Olanlokun John O.
Published: May 2024

The current surge of multidrug resistant infections has led to many cases of treatment failure in clinical practices. This has necessitated the search for new drugs from natural sources which could be used to curb this menace. Paullinia pinnata (Linn.) leaves are deployed traditionally for the treatment of various ailments such as malaria and the treatment of wounds. The essence of this study is to assess the antibacterial potential of P. pinnata leaf fractions on four antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from treatment failed wounds. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were obtained from the methanol extract of the leaves of P. pinnata by the one-solvent system fractionation. The antibacterial capacity of the fractions was determined by the agar well diffusion method and gentamicin (30 µg/mL) was the control. Clinical isolates of two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and two Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris) bacteria were used. The fractions showed no activity to moderate activity at lower concentrations. The ethyl acetate fraction showed bacteriostatic activity in a dose-dependent manner and was better than that of n-hexane, and could therefore be a good drug target for antimicrobial therapies, especially for wound treatment.
Design and implementation of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for image capture in enterprise farming
Authors: Ukwueze T.K. , Nwafor S.C. , Ugwueze K.O. , Nnadozie E.C. , Odo M. , Ezechi6 U. , Chukwuma C.K. , Okafor K. , Ani A.O.
Published: May 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), also known as drone is one of the most interesting emerging technologies with a wide range of  applications including agriculture, surveillance, security, search and rescue, mapping, farmland surveying, and wildlife conservation,  among others. In Nigeria, UAV is gaining popularity in applications such as in social functions for taking both moving and static pictures,  military and security, mapping and agriculture. In this work, an UAV was designed, some components produced by 3D printing, coupled  and tested with certain level of local content in view. The UAV is a quadcopter equipped with a camera for real-time image capture of  farmlands and it can perform autonomous missions by using global positioning system (GPS) waypoints. The weight of the quadcopter  was approximately calculated and hence the electrical and mechanical components selected using a standard empirical design table. The  thrust to weight ratio was set at 2:1. Autodesk Maya and Inventor software were used to design the frame in two parts: the frame arms  on which the propellers are mounted and the central connecting part that links the four arms. The arms are made up of aluminum  square pipes while the central connecting part for the arms was printed with a 3D printer (200 x 200 x 200 Wanhao duplicator i3) using  PolyEthylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) Filament material of 1.75mm standard gauge. Material selection was based on material  strength, cost and availability. NCH Debut video and image capture software was used to record live feeds from the UAV onboard camera. Functionality tests for lift, stability, yaw, roll, pitch, loiter, auto landing, return to launch, flight time, altitude/signal, auto mission using  GPS waypoints were carried out with the completed UAV on a less windy day to avoid the influence of wind. It was generally observed  that the UAV successfully took off the ground, gained stability, flew to over 100m height, captured aerial photographs of the land below it  while on flight at the required height and landed safely. Cost saving advantage of 45.28% was achieved when compared to imported  equivalent types.
Investigation of leachate infiltration on groundwater using georesistivity and natural electric field method around Ojoou-Olayanju’s dumpsite, Ada, southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adeniji A.A. , Ajani O.O. , Adagunodo T.A. , Kolawole T.
Published: May 2024

The investigation of groundwater within the dumpsite environment is highly important in geophysical study. This is because the extent of  interaction between the aquiferous medium and the contaminated zone could pose a serious threat to the end users especially  humans when consumed. This research aimed at investigating leachate infiltration and its potential influence on groundwater at Ojoou  Olayanju's Dumpsite using combining geo-resistivity and natural electric field (NEF) methods. In this study, five dipole-dipole and five  NEF measurements were obtained using the Omega resistivity meters and PQWT-150 equipment respectively. The dipole-dipole method  was deployed to obtain a 2D near-surface pseudo-section, and the NEF method was used to obtain the frequency curve and profile maps  of electric potential difference. The dipoledipole results revealed the lateral variation in the resistivity along the traverses, suggesting that  the materials within this near-surface are heterogeneous, and the closely spaced contours' varying gradients indicate fracture,  which would facilitate potential leachate filtration. The NEF results revealed curves, and a subsurface image with respect to depth and  profile distance. The points of convergence signals on the frequency model correspond to a medium with low resistivity on the profile  map. The conductive medium is seen as being saturated with leachate, which suggests that very large portion of the study area around the dumpsite has been contaminated by leachate. Conclusively, it was revealed that leachate filtration is evidence especially at the topsoil  and due to the presence of fractured zones, the groundwater quality is at risk of contamination by continuous filtration of  leachate
Sustainable faecal sludge management in Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) settlements in tropical climate: A review
Authors: Orugba H.O. , Osagie C. , Owamah H.I. , Edomwonyi-Otu L.C.
Published: May 2024

In settlements for internally displaced persons (IDPs), achieving sustainable on-site faecal sludge management is crucial. Effective  stabilization and treatment methods are vital, as the wrong choices can result in dire sanitary conditions. Tropical climate, marked by low- income settings and overburdened sanitation facilities, pose unique challenges that demand tailored solutions. This review paper focuses  on simplicity, cost-efficiency, and minimal land requirements for stabilization, along with affordability, low health risks, and valuable end-products for treatment. Notable findings include mechanical presses, planted drying beds, and solar greenhouse drying  beds as robust stabilization methods, while microwave heating, black soldier fly larvae, and anaerobic digestion show promise as  sustainable treatment techniques. Adopting these techniques promises sustainable faecal sludge management and potential  improvements in living standards. This paper guides the way toward enhanced sanitation and well-being in the toughest conditions.
Reinforcement of cement tiles with palm kernel shell particles as natural fibre
Authors: Edeh J.C. , Peters J.F. , Eni-Ikeh S.N. , Abuh M.A. , Ndubisi P.C.
Published: May 2024

This study focused on the experimental investigation of the effect of palm kernel shell particulate reinforcement on the mechanical  properties of cement-based tiles. Five samples of cement tiles reinforced with different compositions of kernel shell of 1440 µm particle  size at predetermined moisture content were produced against a control sample to ascertain the composition that offered the best  suitable properties for the functional requirements of cement tiles at reduced cost. For all the samples produced, evaluations for bulk  density, apparent porosity, water absorption capacity, and flexural strength were investigated. The results showed that porosity, water  absorption capacity, and apparent density decreased with an increase in the palm kernel shell compositions while bulked density  increased. The variation with 80 % cement and 20 % palm kernel shell fibre reinforcement (Sample B) demonstrated optimal tile quality  with apparent porosity of 10.35 %, a water absorption capacity of 5.47 %, bulk density of 1.89 g/cm3, and flexural strength of 37.21 kgF/ cm2 . It was evident that the flexural strength of sample B met the ASTMC293 standard cement tiles requirement of 35 kgF/cm2 to 40 kgF/ cm2 thus the optimal volume fraction with improved surface characteristics and recommended for applications where hard and heavy  materials are used on tiles.
Bimolecular optimization of cellulase production by Richoderma citrinoviride and Aspergillus niger isolates on corn cob, rice bran and sorghum bran as biomass substrates
Authors: Effiong T.E. , Benjamin B. , Egbe N.E. , Abdulsalami M.S. , Kereakede E. , Bakare V.
Published: May 2024

This work focuses on the assessment of the conditions relevant for the improvement of enzymes hydrolysis of pretreated corn cob, rice bran and sorghum bran by using Trichoderma Citrinoviride and Aspergillus niger. To achieve this, different fermentation conditions were applied to assess their effect in the optimization of cellulase production. Effects of fermentation duration, inoculation size, temperature and pH of fermentation on cellulase production were investigated. At 96 hrs of fermentation, maxim cellusale product was found to be at optimum in both organisms. Hence, 6% substrates concentration with 10 discs of 8mm inoculum size yielded maximum cellulase production in both A. niger and T. citrinoviride after 5 days of incubation. At 35ºC, A niger and T citrinoviride recorded maximum cellulase production 0.50 mg/ml in sorghum bran while 40ºC was optimum for maximum cellulase production for T, citrinoviride on corn cob. Whereas, pH 5.0 T. citrinoviride exhibits maximum cellulase production with sorghum bran 1.30 mg/ml compared to carboxymetyyl cellulose which served as control and sorghum bran 1.2mg/ml. These results highlight the potentials of T. citrinoviride as species of fungus for the industrial production of cellulase using Agricultural wastes as substrates. Cellulase yield was repressed in the presence of glucose and was induced in the presence of corn cob, rice bran and sorghum using T. citrinoviride. Cellulase yield from Corn cob, rice bran and sorghum bran differed significantly at (P<0.05) from glucose.
Proximate and microbial quality of processed grubs of African palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis F., Coleoptera: Curculionidae) sold at Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Uzakah R.P. , Immanuel O.M.
Published: May 2024

The African palm weevil, Rhynchophorus phoenicis F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) constitutes a significant component in diets of the Niger Delta of Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the proximate composition and microbiological quality of processed grubs (steamed, dried, fried and fresh which served as control) purchased from food vendors in Toru-Orua community. Proximate composition determinations followed official methods recommended by the Association of Official and Analytical Chemicals (AOAC), while microbial load was determined by total plate count. Steamed grubs had the highest moisture content of 15% while fresh had the least moisture content of 9.3%. Steamed grubs had the highest ash content of 11.47% while fresh had the least ash content of 4.73%. Fresh grubs had the highest crude protein of 41.75% while fresh had the least crude protein of 30.13%. Steamed grubs had the highest crude fibre content of 18.07% while fresh had the least crude fibre of 13.7%. Steamed and fried grubs had the highest crude fat content of 10.93% while fresh had the least crude fat content of 2.8%. Steamed grubs had the highest moisture content of 28.35% while dried grubs had the least moisture content of 20.66%. The total heterotrophic bacteria count ranged from 8.5 x 102 CFU/g – 3.7 x 106 CFU/g. Fungal count ranged from 2.2 x 102 - 3.4 x 103 CFU/g. The microbial investigations showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the common microorganisms on the grubs. Frequent microbiological quality checks on such ready-to-eat foods, along with public enlightenment campaigns for food vendors is recommended, to guarantee food safety for consumers during processing/handling, storage and consumption.
Involvement of rural women in gathering of forest products as a means of livelihood in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Ajala A.O. , Ogunjimi S.I. , Alabi O.O. , Okonta O.W. , Adebimpe A.T. , Adesegun D.B.
Published: May 2024

This study evaluated the involvement of rural women in the collection of forest products. Three hundred rural women involved in gathering of forest products were selected by a three stage sampling technique while primary data were collected with the use of interview schedules as well as Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Analysis of data was done using frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, correlation and Chi-square. The study revealed that majority (61%) of the women were in their economically active ages, married (76.7%), with mean age and household sizes of 39years, 6 persons respectively. Majority (87%), of the women gather vegetables, fruits (77%), snails (76%), and alligator pepper (71%) and herbs (62%) among others. Women gatherers had positive perceptions that gathering of forest produces is a source of livelihood (x̄= 4.42), gathering of forest is profitable, (x̄= 4.36); and gathering business has improved their standard of living (x̄= 4.06) among others. The benefits derived from gathering activities included: provision of foods (fruits, vegetables, and soup condiments) which ranked first and provision of employment and improvement in rural living standards from sustained income among others. Respondents’ age (r=0.201;≤0.05), experience (r=0.694;≤0.01) and household size (r=0.694;≤0.01) had significant relationship with involvement in the gathering enterprise. It is concluded that rural women involvement in gathering of forest products is high enough but may not ensure sustainable livelihood. The study recommends that stakeholders should prioritize programmes that would promote off-farm income- generating diversification activities through technical and financial support.
Evaluation of the protective activity of aqueous leaf extract of Cissus populnea against lead-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats.
Authors: Idemudia O.U. , Momodu O.I.
Published: May 2024

Cissus populnea, a plant native to West Tropical Africa, has garnered attention, particularly for its use in traditional medicine to improve genital erection in males. Accordingly, this study investigated the possible protective effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cissus populnea (ACPE) against lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups and administered various treatments, including 50mg/kg body weight (BW) of lead acetate, 1000 mg/kg BW of ACPE, or a combination of both, for 28 days via an orogastric tube. Thereafter, animals were sacrificed and various parameters, including body weight changes, sperm quality, and histology of testes were evaluated. Lead acetate exposure led to significant (P<0.05) weight loss, reduction in sperm count and motility as well as histological alterations of the testes. However, ACPE treatment significantly (P<0.05) mitigated the adverse effects induced by lead in the testes of exposed rats. Taken together, these findings underscore the potential of Cissus populnea as a possible protective agent against lead-induced testicular toxicity, thus offering important insights for future treatment options derived from natural sources.
Performance evaluation of ten numerical methods for Weibull distribution parameter estimation applied to Nigerian wind speed data
Authors: Okakwu I. K. , Alayande A. S. , Adizua O. F. , Giwa S. O. , Okubanjo A. A. , Orogbade B. O , David A. O. , Alao P. O.
Published: May 2024

Utilizing wind energy necessitates a thorough understanding of wind profiles as well as a precise forecast of wind speed at a study location. In this study, ten Numerical Methods (NEMs), which include the Empirical Method of Lysen (EML), Percentile Method (PCM), Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM), Modified Maximum Likelihood Method (MMLM), Empirical Method of Justus (EMJ), Alternative Moment Method (AMM), Median and Quartiles Method (MQM), Probability Weighted Moments Based on Power Density Method (PWMBPM), Method of Mabchour (MOMAB) and Energy Variance Method (EVM) were applied to estimate the two- parameter (k and c) Weibull (Wbl) distribution in five locations (Jos, Kano, Maiduguri, Abuja, and Akure) in Nigeria. The performance of these NEMs was assessed using five different metrics and the most effective NEM was determined for each studied location. Daily wind speed data spanning 11 years for the studied locations were sourced from the Meteorological Agency in Nigeria and used in this study. The k and c parameters range from 2.91 to 5.46 and 9.95 to 10.26 (Kano); 2.31 to 4.50 and 5.63 to 6.20 (Maiduguri); 3.19 to 7.61 and 12.16 to 12.99 (Jos); 2.18 to 6.77 and 4.99 to 5.50 (Abuja), and 1.84 to 3.18 and 3.83 to 3.90 (Akure). Findings revealed that the best methods for estimating Wbl parameters for the Kano, Maiduguri, Jos, Abuja, and Akure locations were MMLM, MMLM, MQM, MQM, and EMJ, EML, and AMM, respectively, as MOMAB remained the least performing NEM for all the studied locations. The results also showed that the Vms , Vmps , and V emax varied from 3.47 m/s to 11.63 m/s, 3.40 m/s to 11.90 m/s, and 4.58 m/s to 12.59 m/s, respectively, with the most recorded for Jos. The PWPD augmented from 36.45 W/m2 (Akure) to 1000.06 W/m2 Jos), at a hub height of 10 m.Based on these results Jos was the best location for installing wind turbines while Kano was an excellent place for integrating the grid. Additionally, the Maiduguri location was determined to be suitable for a stand-alone application while Abuja and Akure were considered to be unsuitable for wind energy applications.
Empirical assessment of fuel-wood induced carbon footprint in Udu Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Igben J.L.
Published: May 2024

Most studies of carbon footprint (CFP) in relation to climate change focus on the generation of greenhouse gases (GHG) by human activities such as electricity, industrialization and transportation in urban areas with little attention on rural areas. Against this background, this study aims to identify sources of Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, and estimate the amount of CFP generated through fuel-wood consumption in Udu LGA of Delta State, Nigeria. Data for the study were obtained from a sample of 200 households in four (4) rural settlements chosen randomly from 32 villages. Mixed survey technique which involved questionnaires, field observations and measurement were employed to collect data for the study. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Analysis and calculation of CFP. The study reveals that the major source of CO2 emission was fuel wood (82.0%), which is used for various domestic and production activities with an average of 39.58kg consumed by each sampled household; thus, generating between 7.24314 MT daily. The amount of CFP also varies directly with the sizes of the sampled households. The study recommends that alternative sources of clean energy should be developed and utilized for sustainable development of the environment and mitigation of climate change phenomenon.
The Effects of Caffeine Toxicity on The Liver in WistarRats
Authors: Innih S.O. , Calmday-Ombo D.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
Impact of Oxidative Stress on Male Infertility: AReview
Authors: Ahmed A.Y. , Abdullahi H.L. , Gwarzo M.Y. , Maryam I.R. , Yusuf A. , Saeed S.A. , Muhammad Y. , Jamila I.S. , Jibril A.A. , Halliru A.H.
Published: May 2024

No Abstract
Efficacy and safety of the combination of paclitaxel, cisplatin and bevacizumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Hui , Fu Lei , Jiang Jingwen , Fu Fangfang , Chen Aiying , Gong Hui , Zhu Fengting
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the combined use of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and bevacizumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods: 98 NSCLC patients who received therapy at Hainan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China from January 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The 45 patients who received paclitaxel and cisplatin injections were enrolled in a control group while 53 patients who received additional chemotherapy with bevacizumab injection were enrolled in a study group. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were compared before and after treatment. Furthermore, the efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated and compared between the two groups.
Results: There was no significant inter-group difference in VEGF and bFGF levels (p > 0.05) before treatment. There was a significant reduction in VEGF and bFGF levels in the study group compared to control group (p < 0.05). The study group showed a significantly higher total remission rate compared to control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (p > 0.05). Also, age, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, metastasis, and smoking history are risk factors that influence patient prognosis.
Conclusion: Combination of paclitaxel, cisplatin and bevacizumab demonstrates significant efficacy in the treatment of NSCLC. The combination lowers VEGF and bFGF levels without worsening adverse reactions. Future large population studies would be required to obtain a more detailed and comprehensive outcome on this combination in NSCLC.