bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RGS14 Restricts Plasticity in Hippocampal CA2 by Limiting Postsynaptic Calcium Signaling
Authors: Evans Paul R. , Parra-Bueno Paula , Smirnov Michael S. , Lustberg Daniel J. , Dudek Serena M. , Hepler John R. , Yasuda Ryohei
Published: May 2018

Pyramidal neurons in hippocampal area CA2 are distinct from neighboring CA1 in that they resist synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA3 Schaffer collateral synapses. Regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a complex scaffolding protein enriched in CA2 dendritic spines that naturally blocks CA2 synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning, but the cellular mechanisms by which RGS14 gates LTP are largely unexplored. A previous study has attributed the lack of plasticity to higher rates of calcium (Ca2+) buffering and extrusion in CA2 spines. Additionally, a recent proteomics study revealed that RGS14 interacts with two key Ca2+-activated proteins in CA2 neurons: calcium/calmodulin and CaMKII. Here, we investigated whether RGS14 regulates Ca2+signaling in its host CA2 neurons. We found that the nascent LTP of CA2 synapses caused by genetic knockout (KO) of RGS14 in mice requires Ca2+-dependent postsynaptic signaling through NMDA receptors, CaMK, and PKA, revealing similar mechanisms to those in CA1. We report that RGS14 negatively regulates the long-term structural plasticity of dendritic spines of CA2 neurons. We further show that wild-type (WT) CA2 neurons display significantly attenuated spine Ca2+transients during structural plasticity induction compared with the Ca2+transients from CA2 spines of RGS14 KO mice and CA1 controls. Finally, we demonstrate that acute overexpression of RGS14 is sufficient to block spine plasticity, and elevating extracellular Ca2+levels restores plasticity to RGS14-expressing neurons. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time that RGS14 regulates plasticity in hippocampal area CA2 by restricting Ca2+elevations in CA2 spines and downstream signaling pathways.
Panevėžio rašytojos Elžbietos Skuodienės Knyga
Authors: Daugirdaitė Solveiga
Published: May 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]

Straipsnis skiriamas išryškinti savamokslės rašytojos Elžbietos Skuodienės (1902–1990) atsiminimų knygos „Kai vėluoja laimė“ (2002) parašymo istorijai ir pagrindiniams bruožams. Elžbieta Markevičiūtė, varginga našlaitė, ištekėjo už reemingranto iš JAV, išvyko paskui vyrą į Čikagą, tačiau, prasidėjus ekonomikos depresijai, grįžo su šeima į Lietuvą ir čia nugyveno savo gyvenimą kaip namų šeimininkė, trijų vaikų motina ir našlė be pajamų sovietmečiu. Sudėtingas gyvenimas nenuslopino jos kūrybinių ambicijų ir savo, kaip asmens, reikšmingumo supratimo. 1952–1971 m. ji parašė autobiografiją, kurios pirmąją dalį sūnus Vytautas Skuodis savilaidos būdu išleido jos 70-mečiui (1972), o 2002 m. išleista visa knyga, parengta profesionalaus tautosakos tyrinėtojo Kosto Aleksyno. Elžbietos Skuodienės atsiminimai, jos pačios vadinti „brangia Knyga“, gali būti skaitomi ir kaip grožinės literatūros tekstas (parašyti trečiuoju asmeniu pakeičiant tikruosius vardus), ir kaip autobiografija, ir kaip atsiminimai, pasakojantys apie paprastos panevėžietės gyvenimą. Straipsnyje išryškinamas unikalus motinos ir sūnaus bendradarbiavimas, Elžbietos Skuodienės kūrybos ypatybės, pabrėžiamas jos domėjimasis platesniu pasauliu bei „paprastų žmonių“ pasakojimų apie savo gyvenimą reikšmė kultūros istorijai.
Knygos kultūros apraiškos Vytauto Civinskio dienoraštyje (1904–1910)
Authors: Girininkaitė Veronika
Published: May 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]

Straipsnyje analizuojamas studento Vytauto Civinskio (1887–1910) rankraštinis Dienoraštis, siekiant atskleisti Civinskio liudijimų apie knygos kultūrą šio asmens gyvenime bei jo aplinkoje gausą ir įvairovę. Minėti duomenys susiję su knygų skaitymu ir aktyviu periodinių leidinių prenumeravimu, dalijimusi jais su artimaisiais ir jų skaitymo skatinimu, spaudos viešinimu prisidedant prie bibliotekų kūrimo. Atkreiptas dėmesys į itin gausų ir įvairiakalbį dienoraštininko skaitymo repertuarą, jo aktyvią ir emocingą skaitytojo poziciją, suformuotus skaitymo įgūdžius. Žinoma, kad Civinskis pildė skaitymo užrašus, analizavo jį paveikusius literatūros kūrinius, gilinosi į skaitytų kūrinių problematiką. Gretinami šaltinio duomenys ir to laikotarpio skaitybą tyrusių mokslininkų įžvalgos leidžia naujaip ir gaiviai pajusti XX a. pradžios žmogaus santykį su knyga ir su skaitymu. Lietuvoje Civinskio gyventa Aukštaitijoje: Latavėnų dvare šalia Anykščių ir Mituvos dvare šalia Skapiškio. Todėl šis knygiaus individualus patyrimas, užfiksuotas egodokumente, leido skleisti dar vieną Aukštaitijos skaitymo kultūros istorijos puslapį.
Moderniosios Lietuvos želmenų XIX amžiuje beieškant: Aleksandro Burbos „Senybinis aukuras“ – 1881 metų patriotinės eilės broliams lietuviams
Authors: Vyšniauskas Arūnas
Published: May 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]

Straipsnyje kaip poezijos kūrinys ir istorinis šaltinis publikuojamas Aleksandro Burbos 1881 m. parašyto eilėraščio „Senybinis aukuras“ tekstas, atskleidžiama jo modernaus lietuviško patriotizmo esmė. Daroma išvada, kad šis eilėraštis, pirmą kartą paskelbtas 1885 m., yra svarbus istoriniam pažinimui kaip pirminis istorijos šaltinis, o žanrine prasme jis gali būti laikomas literatūrine balade, tipologiškai priskirtina nacionalinės baladės tipui. Atkreipiamas dėmesys ir į 1893 m. paskelbtą naujos redakcijos eilėraščio versiją, kuri buvo šiek tiek išplėsta atsižvelgus į pakitusias laikotarpio sąlygas, sociopolitines permainas ir jų asmeninę refleksiją pereinant nuo aušrininkų prie varpininkų etapo. Aptariamas A. Burbos poetinėse eilėse išaukštintas „senybinis aukuras“ yra išlikęs iki mūsų dienų – dabartiniame Ignalinos rajone, prie Antakmenės (Untakminio) kaimo kapinių. Jis yra paskelbtas archeologiniu paminklu ir valstybės saugomu geologiniu gamtos paveldo objektu. Siūloma jį toliau propaguoti pažintinio turizmo tikslais, susiejant su Aleksandro Burbos poetinio kūrinio prasmėmis, kurios straipsnyje nagrinėjamos įvairiais aspektais.
Electricity Price Forecasting Using Monte Carlo Simulation: The Case of Lithuania
Authors: Ngujen Tat Andrejus
Published: May 2018

The main purpose of this article is to determine the practical use of the Monte Carlo simulations in electricity markets for forecasting future prices. First, we review the structure of the electricity markets – how they work, what implications do they have and how they’ve evolved during the last decades. Second, we discover that there are only few researches that have been made on this topic as well as there haven’t being made any researches regarding the Lithuanian electricity market. Then, we will carry out an analysis on how to use a Monte Carlo simulation approach in electricity markets. A Mean-Reverting process method will be introduced, which, at first, was used to predict oil prices. Also, we analyze the essence of price spikes and find a solution on how to predict them.
Consumer-Side Decision Factors on Their Selection of Bottled Water Brands: Statistical Method Study in a Kosovo Sample
Authors: Kajtazi Saranda
Published: May 2018

Nowadays, to meet people’s needs in daily life for drinking water, many companies provide bottled drinking water. As this industry grows and more competition occurs, the companies should know the aspects that influence people to buy the products that are bottled drinking water. Although this increase in several bottled water producers can be attributed to market demand and technology modernization, the fact that consumers migrate from one brand to another is significant and indicates that there are factors that affect the consumer’s decision when choosing the bottled water brand. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the factors that influence consumers the most when choosing a bottled water brand in the market, using Kosovo as a case study. To define factors based on the consumer’s preferences and valuations of the importance, the principal component analysis was applied based on a correlation matrix, using a component extraction method with a varimax rotation and a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin adequacy test. The findings show that the consumer’s decision is influenced mostly by six key factors, namely quality, marketing, consumer perception, price, preference and practicality. The research provides new insights into the bottled water manufacturing industry and marketers in positioning themselves in a competitive environment.
Діагностика в оперуванні розвитком інноваційно орієнтованого підприємства в процесі функціонування: функціонально-параметричний підхід
Authors: Boiarynova Кateryna
Published: May 2018

Мета роботи – розробити методологічні положення функціонально-параметричного підходу до діагностики в оперуванні розвитком через центри відповідальності в процесі функціонування інноваційно орієнтованого промислового підприємства.
Дизайн/метод/підхід. В дослідженні використано функціонально-параметричний підхід, методи систематизації, конкретизації, абстрактно-логічний та причинно-наслідковий. Інформаційною основою дослідження стали монографічні праці та наукові публікації, Інтернет-ресурси.
Результати дослідження. Обґрунтовано доцільність застосування функціонально-параметричного підходу до діагностики в оперуванні розвитком інноваційно орієнтованого підприємства. Запропоновано трактування понять оперування розвитком та режим розвитку. Сформовано структуру завдань та наслідків оперування розвитком за функціональними центрами відповідальності. Запропоновано методологічні положення діагностики в оперуванні розвитком в процесі функціонування інноваційно орієнтованого підприємства на основі функціонально-параметричного підходу, які ґрунтуються на застосуванні показників рівня виконання економічних функцій й отримання економічної віддачі за динамікою результатів функціонування підприємства, передбачають функціональну залежність між діагностованими параметрами та включають комплекс діагностичних процедур.
Теоретичне значення дослідження. Розкрито трактування понять дослідження, запропоновано методологічні положення діагностики в оперуванні розвитком в процесі функціонування інноваційно орієнтованого підприємства.
Практичне значення дослідження. Практичним результатом застосування пропонованого підходу є поєднання управлінської та економічної діагностики, що дозволяє оперувати розвитком підприємства через центри відповідальності.
Оригінальність/цінність/наукова новизна дослідження. Новизна досліджень полягає в розробленні й обґрунтуванні методологічних положень функціонально-параметричного підходу до діагностики за оперування розвитком через центри відповідальності (забезпечення, відтворення, розширеного та інноваційного відтворення), відповідні функціонуванню інноваційно орієнтованого підприємства в режимі розвитку.
Перспективи подальших досліджень. Формування механізму оперування розвитком інноваційно орієнтованих підприємств в процесі функціонування.
 Тип статті – теоретична.
Влияние цифровых технологий на мировой рынок услуг по управлению инвестициями и частным капиталом
Authors: Dzhusov Oleksii А. , Apalkov Serhii S.
Published: May 2018

Цель исследования – проанализировать современные тенденции международного рынка услуг по управлению финансовыми инвестициями и частным капиталом и охарактеризовать влияние цифровых технологий на развитие инвестиционного рынка.
Результаты. Исследована экономическая сущность понятия «управление частным капиталом» и последствия воздействия на него цифровых инноваций. Рассмотрена проблема наметившейся тенденции снижения темпов роста активов, находящихся под управлением финансовых учреждений. Определена специфика украинского рынка услуг по управлению частным капиталом. На основе проведенного анализа выявлены направления дальнейшего развития международного рынка услуг по управлению финансовыми инвестициями и частным капиталом в среднесрочной перспективе.
Теоретическое значение исследования. Изученные в работе вопросы способствуют ускорению решения проблем о влиянии цифровых технологий на международный рынок услуг по управлению финансовыми инвестициями и частным капиталом и интеграции цифровых технологий в инвестиционные рынки.
Оригинальность/ценность исследований. Отличительной особенностью настоящей работы является обилие фактического материала о результатах работы крупнейших мировых финансовых институтов – лидеров в отрасли услуг по управлению финансовыми инвестициями и частным капиталом.
Перспективы дальнейших исследований. Настоящая работа открывает возможность дальнейших исследований в области влияния цифровых технологий на международный рынок услуг по управлению финансовыми инвестициями и частным капиталом и сопоставления результатов исследований с фактическими данными о работе финансовых институтов.
 Тип статьи – эмпирическая.
The challenge to determine a company’s process maturity: a case study from the financial services industry
Authors: Keller Alisa , Moormann Jürgen
Published: May 2018

Purpose. Conducting projects to improve a company’s business processes is of utmost importance in all industries and countries. Many companies have installed specific organizational units to develop guidelines for process design, to document and maintain of these processes, and to further increase the processes’ efficiency. Although these enterprises continually work on improving their processes, they often struggle to answer the question on the current status of the maturity of their processes. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to characterize the methodology, applicability, pitfalls and benefits of analyzing the maturity of processes.

Design/Method/Approach. This work is based on mixed-methods research recently conducted in a medium-sized German bank.

Findings. The paper defined the benefits of measuring the level of maturity of the company’s processes clearly. This work identified the substantial theoretical drawbacks, such as, for example, the lack of considering of process innovation in the extant models of process maturity.

Limitations. Naturally, a research limitation is the analysis of a specific company in the financial services sector.

Theoretical implications. From a theoretical point of view it is critical to choose the appropriate model out of a variety of available process maturity models. In fact, the selection of the model influences the data, the subsequent interpretation of these data, and the conclusions to be drawn for the company.

Originality/Value. The paper is novel as it presents–based on empirical data–the measurement of process maturity including the derivation of implications from both an academic and a practical perspective. In addition, the impact of process maturity on perceived process performance could be shown.

 Paper type – empirical.
Compatibility in tax reporting
Authors: Lipatov Vilen
Published: May 2018

Purpose – to describe a compliance-monitoring equilibrium in presence of compatibility costs in a setting when managers and other parties have different attitude towards compliance.
Design/Method/Approach. Classical game theory – Nash equilibrium.
Findings. If compatibility costs are small, there exist a unique stable Nash equilibrium of the game between the tax authority and a population of heterogeneous firms. In this equilibrium, the relation between compatibility costs and compliance is non-monotonic and depends on the curvature of auditing function. However, compatibility costs reduce non-compliance in low cheating regimes and may enhance it when many firms are cheating.
Limitations. The model is at high level of abstraction and neglects many important detail that characterize each field where it could be potentially applied.
Theoretical implications. The results provide one rationale for developing countries to be cautious with employing refined auditing schemes and for developed countries to promote complicated accounting procedures.
Originality/value. Compatibility costs are not previously considered in economic analysis of compliance.
 Paper type – conceptual.
Использование корреляционного анализа для прогнозирования доходности коммерческих банков Казахстана (на примере АО «Kaspi bank»)
Authors: Lygina Olga , Makasheva Zhumagul , Akhmetova Gulistan
Published: May 2018

Цель исследования – определить тип взаимосвязи между кредитными операциями коммерческого банка, на примере АО «Kaspi bank», и кредитами в экономике Казахстана, а также определить доходность исследуемого банка при помощи прогнозирования.   

Дизайн/Метод/Подход. При проведении исследования использован корреляционный анализ данных о кредитах, предоставленных АО «Kaspi bank», и данных Национального Банка Казахстана.

Результаты исследования. Приведены аналитические данные деятельности исследуемого банка в банковской системе Казахстана; установлена взаимосвязь между кредитами исследуемого банка и кредитами в экономике Казахстана; предложены несколько методов прогнозирования доходности коммерческого банка.

Практическое значение. Предложенный подход позволяет коммерческим банкам в условиях рынка прогнозировать свою доходность в краткосрочном и среднесрочном периоде, учитывая при этом пессимистичный и оптимистичный сценарии развития деятельности.

Научная новизна исследования. Изучен характер взаимосвязи между кредитной деятельностью крупного частного банка и кредитами в экономике Казахстана при помощи корреляции. Предложено исследовать взаимосвязь  финансовых институтов в экономике и результаты их деятельности при помощи математического моделирования, в частности корреляционного анализа, не используя традиционный способ (например, расчет удельного веса).

 Тип статьи – эмпирическая.
Tacitea
Authors: István Borzsák
Published: May 2018

„Ann. I 61—65 is borrowed from Hist. II 70 and V 14—15.” A. J. Woodman eme megállapítását F. R. D. Goodyear is akceptálta, mindenesetre bizonyos „troublesome implications”-re való utalással. Mi — már korábban — Tacitusnak máshol is megfigyelhetô eljárására hívtuk fel a figyelmet: a történetíró akárhányszor szuverén módon „merített” forrásaiból, nem önállóság híján, nem is „manipulatív” célzattal, hanem magasztos eszményeinek szolgálatában (σεμνϖς). Modern párhuzamként idéztük a Vergilius-fordító Lakatos István hasonló eljárását: visszaemlékezésében úgy járt el, hogy korjellemzô „kitalálásai” is összhangban legyenek a történelmi tényekkel.
Tacitea
Authors: István Borzsák
Published: May 2018

„Mozdulatlan (érinthetetlen) béke?” Ambivalens szókapcsolat, ha a béke-eszmény császárkori megítélésére gondolunk. Vajon az Aeneis minden olvasója számára teljességgel magától értetődött-e, hogy Aeneas késôi unokái ne habozzanak virtusuk „tettekben megnyilvánuló kiteljesítésével”? (Aen. VI 808.) Az a bizonyos cupido proferendi imperii — minden áron! — aligha tekinthetô „meggyôzô politikai vezérelvnek” (E. Koestermann). És ha nincs is mód a virtus gyakorlására, és bele kell törôdni a béke „érinthetetlenségébe”? A pax Romana-t nemcsak Seneca „diszkreditálta”; mások sem ítélték vitathatatlannak. A tárgyalt szöveghelyek Tacitus gondolatvilágának megközelítésében is segítenek.
Praenatalisan diagnosztizált Pallister–Killian-szindróma esete
Authors: Tidrenczel Zsolt , P. Tardy Erika , Sarkadi Edina , Simon Judit , Beke Artúr , Demeter János
Published: May 2018

Abstract:

Pallister–Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare, sporadic genetic disorder that is caused by the mosaic presence of a supernumerary marker chromosome, isochromosome 12p. The syndrome is a polydysmorphic condition characterized by mental retardation, craniofacial dysmorphism, hypotonia, seizures, epilepsy and certain organic malformations (diaphragmatic hernia, congenital heart disease). Prenatal diagnosis is challenging due to the mosaic tissue-specific distribution of the chromosomal disorder and highly variable phenotype. Prenatal diagnosis is often accidental, however, appropriate laboratory techniques based on the second trimester ultrasound anomalies provide accurate prenatal diagnosis. We report a case of a 36-year-old primipara with second trimester ultrasound markers (polyhydramnion, ventriculomegaly, rhizomelic micromelia, abnormal facial profile). The patient underwent amniocentesis, the conventional karyotyping revealed a supernumerary chromosome in nearly 50 percent of amniocytes. FISH and targeted multicolour FISH probes verified mosaic tetrasomy of the short arm of chromosome 12 of the fetus. Fetopathological examinations and analysis of fetal tissues and blood confirmed the prenatal diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of prenatally diagnosed Pallister–Killian syndrome in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(21): 847–852.
A krónikus parodontitis, illetve szájnyálkahártya-laesiók előfordulása és súlyossága krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben
Authors: Bán Ágnes , Németh Zsolt Ferenc , Szauter Adrienn , Soós Szilvia , Balaskó Márta
Published: May 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Chronic parodontitis is a prevalent oral disease that may lead to the loss of teeth independently of caries. Some systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure) may aggravate chronic parodontitis. On the other hand, this oral disease may aggravate other systemic diseases. Earlier studies suggested a correlation between chronic parodontitis and very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: The aim of our study was the investigation of the correlation between chronic parodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method: We have recruited patients of the Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, in the study. Volunteers were assigned into a COPD (n = 29) and control group (n = 45). Airflow limitation of the COPD group (FEV1/FVC: 61.52 ± 3.2%) corresponded to GOLD 2 (global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease; FEV1: 52.66 ± 3.57%). Oral health assessment included mean and maximal clinical attachment loss, mobility of teeth, decayed/filled and missing teeth, Löe–Silness, oral hygiene and bleeding on probing indexes. One-way ANOVA and non-parametric Mann–Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Oral health of the COPD group was worse than that of the controls. In this group the mean and maximal clinical attachment loss, mobility of teeth, the Löe–Silness, the oral hygiene and bleeding on probing indexes were higher. Conclusions: Our results confirm the positive correlation between chronic parodontitis and a moderate level of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, it is not clear whether the COPD-associated systemic inflammation aggravated the oral status or the chronic parodontitis influenced negatively chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(21): 831–836.
Az ultrahangmódszerek szerepe a férfimeddőség kivizsgálásában
Authors: Fejes Zsuzsanna , Pásztor Norbert , Karczagi Lilla , Brzózka Ádám , Király István , Morvay Zita , Palkó András
Published: May 2018

Abstract:

Unintended childlessness affects approximately 9–15% of couples in the reproductive age. It is known that a remarkable proportion of infertility is caused by the disorders of the male reproductive functions. Diagnostic imaging methods and especially ultrasonography play a crucial role in the infertility work-up, the ultrasound examination has become the method of choice for imaging in diseases affecting the testis. With the development of high resolution transducers and technology using colour Doppler, pulsed Doppler, share wave elastography and strain elastography, it is now possible to make accurate diagnoses. However, the place of the new imaging methods in the algorithm of infertility check-up should be clearly defined. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(21): 815–822.
Reszekábilis colorectalis eredetű májáttét esetén javasolt-e a preoperatív szisztémás kezelés? Onkosebészeti nézőpont
Authors: Dede Kristóf , Póti Zsuzsa , Bursics Attila
Published: May 2018

Abstract:

Surgical resection is still the only curative treatment for colorectal liver metastases, but this is one part of a complex therapy. Nowadays a patient with colorectal liver metastasis is not treated only by a surgeon or by an oncologist or even only by an invasive radiologist. Collective decisions, complement treatments give the only chance to treat these patients for longer time. Patients with colorectal liver metastases could be regarded as patients with chronic disease. Specially interesting are the various treatment options of resectable colorectal liver metastases. The efficiency and necessity of preoperative chemotherapy are still a hot spot in the treatment of resectable liver metastases. In this study, we try to summarize the international and local experiences and the current evidence of the use of preoperative chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(21): 823–830.
NEW ASPECTS OF SEPSIS AND SEPTIC SHOCK PATHOGENESIS IN CHILDREN. THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM AS TARGET FOR AN EFFECTIVE THERAPY
Authors: Prodeus A. P. , Ustinova M. V. , Korsunskiy A. A. , Goncharov A. G.
Published: May 2018

Nowadays sepsis is grave complication of infection end the cause of death reanimation. In this survey, we would like to emphasize the importance of the control over the activation over the compliment system. It has been proved of animal model a complement one of the key role in the development of hyperactive immunity response, later resulting in violation of immunity homeostasis. Mice which had C3–/–, C4–/– deficit, aft receiving a LPS dose intraperitoneallis showed a better survival to compare with the control group of animals. There exist clinical data which confirm active participation of the compliment in the chain of the septic process. The research showed the patient affected by sepsis, had protein C3 and C4 concentration correlating which mortality at the time of diagnosis. The is chemoattractants, protein C3a and C5a, turn tube the result of complements pathway activation. The chemoattractants, provoke the extraction a big number of cytokines. Vessels permeability increase and DIC-syndrome activation wis it, multiple organ dysfunction develops. Ishemiareperfusion launch triggers aseptic inflammation, which appears decentralization and DIC-syndrome. C1-INH controls the work of classical way complement and Hemostasis System. Researchers the deficit in C1-INH animals and patients affected bay sepsis, which is proved in laboratory and clinics. The remedy C1-INH (Berinert, CSL Behring) appeared over 25 years ago and was used and therapy hereditary angioedema. For the lasted years we accumulated a considerable quantity of fasts of C1-INH use which after pathologies: heart attack, Ischemia-reperfusion injury, trauma provoked by cardiopulmonary bypass. The use of C1-INH on animal models septic in clinical research their efficacy and safety.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLUENZA INFECTION IN MACROPHAGES DIFFERENTIATED FROM MONOCYTES OF THP-1 (INFLUENZA A VIRUSES OF SUBTYPES H1, H5 AND H9)
Authors: Sokolova T. M. , Poloskov V. V. , Shuvalov A. N. , Rudneva I. A. , Timofeeva T. A. , Klimova R. R. , Masalova O. V. , Kushch A. A.
Published: May 2018

Macrophages (Mf) play an important role in the pathogenesis of influenza infection, but the obtaining of Mf in large quantities is difficult. In connection with this, in the present study, THP-1 monocytes differentiated by phorbol ether (PMA) into macrophages (MF) were used to study influenza infection. Differentiated cells — THP-PMA Mf were infected with pandemic А(H1N1)pdm09 and avian influenza A viruses H5N2 and H9N2. Differences in the levels of penetration of viral RNA (gene M1) and nucleocapsid (NP) proteins of the investigated viruses were found. The levels of expression of viral RNA and proteins were significantly higher in cells infected with avian viruses compared to pandemic viruses. Of particular interest is the phenomenon of prolonged intracellular presence of viral RNAs and nuclear localization of NP protein. However, no infectious or haemagglutinating activity of the virus of all subtypes studied in the culture liquid was detected up to 96 h. This indicates the abortive nature of influenza infection in THP-PMA Mf. Thus, MF performs a special function of depositing viral components and delivering them to the sites of inflammation. The blocking mechanism in human and avian influenza A viruses with different pathogenicity may differ, due to the existence of multiple mechanisms of escape from the immune response. As a result of infection with the human virus А(H1N1)pdm09, the infection developed slowly and caused death of 25% of the cells by 72 h, whereas in the case of infection with avian viruses, 50% of the cells died after 24 hours and by 72 h all the THP-PMA MF died. Preprocessing with recombinant IFNα2b had a protective effect, suppressing the accumulation of the NP protein of the A/H5N2 virus in the THP-PMA Mf nuclei. The obtained data allow us to conclude that one of the reasons for the different course and outcome of influenza infection in human infection with influenza A viruses is the sensitivity of human macrophages to avian influenza viruses of subtypes H5 and H9 as compared to the pandemic virus. Our result on the THP-PMA Mf model is consistent with reports on the blocking of the stages of the release of infectious influenza A virions in primary cultures of monocytic and alveolar MF. Massive death of MF caused by avian influenza viruses explains their high pathogenicity.
FEATURES OF BETA-LACTAMASE ACTIVITY IN FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS subsp. MEDIASIATICA
Authors: Bakhteeva I. V. , Kravchenko T. B. , Ryabko A. K. , Titareva G. M. , Lev I. O. , Mokrievich A. N. , Timofeev V. S.
Published: May 2018

Small Gram-negative bacteria Francisella tularensis is the tularemia causative agent. This species subdivides on four subspecies — ssp. tularensis, holarctica, mediasiatica and novicida, which have some differences in their distribution areas, pathogenicity and epidemical potencial. Until recently only subspecies holarctica was found on the territory of the Russian Federation, but in 2013 a natural focus of tularemia in which circulates F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica was found on the Altai. Till now this subspecies was found only in Central Asia. The data of laboratory studies indicate the ability of strains of this subspecies to cause infection in rabbits and mice which is comparable in severity to infection caused by subsp. holarctica strains. However, the virulence of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica for humans and its epidemical potential are still unclear, since no cases of human infection caused by the strains of this subspecies have been recorded, probably due to the geographical aspects — mountainous Altai and Central Asia are extremely sparsely populated regions. The main phenotypic feature of this subspecies is the lack of activity of β-lactamase, which is responsible for the natural resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems). Despite the absence of detectable enzymatic activity, subsp. mediasiatica strains are resistant to these antibiotics. In this article we report that subsp. mediasiatica strains have β-lactamase activity despite to current opinion, but the of β-lactams hydrolysis rate is much more lower in comparison with reaction rate of subs. holarctica strains. In addition, in case of a decrease of the microbial cells number in the nutrient medium, antibiotic susceptibility appears. We identified a single specific for subsp. mediasiatica nucleotide substitution G/A at the 290 position of the blaB gene, which encodes the active serine β-lactamase. This substitution leads to the amino acid substitution Gly/Arg at the 97 position of the protein BlaB. We assume, that enzymatic activity decreasing is the most likely caused by this substitution), for example it may cause some conformational changes leading either to enzyme — substrate affinity decreasing or to in the lifetime of the enzyme-substrate complex increasing. On the basis of the found nucleotide substitution, we developed an allele-specific PCR test that makes it possible to determine whether the studied strain F. tularensis belongs to the subspecies mediasiatica.
SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL NICHE: ORAL CAVITY OF THE HEALTHY CHILDREN
Authors: Burmistrova A. L. , Filippova Yu. Yu. , Nokhrin D. Yu. , Timofeeva A. V.
Published: May 2018

In recent years, saliva is increasingly being used as a diagnostic fluid for the evaluation of various biological parameters, namely, the levels of activity of the information signal molecules of the metaorganism — the immune-neuroendocrine nature, but less often the metabolites of the microbial community and the structure of the bacterial society. The paper assesses the microbial society of the oral cavity (saliva/smear from the surfaces of the microbiota) healthy children in order to create microbial images of «health» — control that can be used in the study of the microbial community in the development of local and/or systemic pathophysiological processes, including infections, in the child’s body. Using the method of Gas chromatography mass spectrometry of microbial markers, specific chemical markers of 38 taxa of microorganisms in the oral cavity of healthy children from 1.5 to 14 years have been determined. To determine the distribution of various representatives of microbial societies between ecological niches (saliva/smear) in the oral cavity and assess the effect on them of the age of children, a Canonical Correspondences Analysis was used. A high similarity of the microbiota structure of saliva and smear from microbiota living surfaces in healthy children was found, which may indicate cross paths of bacterial representatives of different species and genera of the microbial community, or their functional plasticity. Of greatest interest are the data on the number of bacteria of the genus Alcaligenes spp. in the smear from the surfaces of the microbiota, which is twice higher, than in saliva. Alcaligenes presents itself as a professional organizer of security measures in relation to the place of residence: it produces antibiotics and original antibacterial components that disorganize the growth of a wide variety of bacteria. In addition, it is able to initiate B-lymphocytes of lymphoid follicles to produce Alcaligenes-specific antibodies, to create from them their own «cloaking» coating, facilitating its entry into Peyer’s plaques through M-cells. It can be assumed that the level of Alcaligenes spp. in saliva to some extent reflects the migration of representatives of this genus, both from the palatine and from the nasopharyngeal tonsils. The age features of the microbiota of the ecological niche — the oral cavity are determined: the number of representatives of the genus Clostridium spp. increases with age in children. And the number of bifidobacteria decreases. The results obtained by us can be used as a control in systemic pathophysiological processes, including infectious etiology, as well as during therapy.
THE NEW LOOK AT NEUTROPHILIC GRANULOCYTES: RETHINKING OLD DOGMAS. PART 2
Authors: Nesterova I. V. , Kolesnikova N. V. , Chudilova G. A. , Lomtatidze L. V. , Kovaleva S. V. , Evglevsky A. A. , Nguyen T.D. L.
Published: May 2018

Numerous modern basic research done undeniable fact that neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) are key effector and regulatory circuits both innate and adaptive immunity, and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. NG have potent receptor repertoire, providing a connection between them, cells of the immune system, as well as communication with endothelial cells, epithelial and other tissues. NG inducing stimuli activate and promote the translocation of cytoplasmic granules and vesicles surface molecules on the cytoplasmic membrane the secretion of a large spectrum of pro-and anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory cytokines, colony, angiogenic factors and fibrogenic, TNF superfamily members, chemokines, regulatory protein, etc. Chromatin nuclei NG capable of restructuring under the influence of inducing stimuli, which is associated with the expression of multiple cytokine genes. NG receiving complex cytokine influence not only acquire new features, but also in various stages of activation and differentiation processes involved in intracellular intraphagosomalis degranulation and killing of implementing elimination microorganisms and extracellular neutrophil degranulation in the formation neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), while this dying through NETosis. Features NG phenotype and their functional properties, demonstrate the existence of subpopulations of NG with different capabilities: equipment of different receptor, the ability to restructure chromatin expressing cytokine genes and secrete cytokines to implement the contents of the granular system, produce reactive oxygen species, implement cytotoxicity form NET. In our opinion, there subpopulation NG: regulatory; suppressor; proinflammatory — initiating an inflammatory response; inflammation with a positive potential microbicidal (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal); inflammatory cytotoxic potential of the negative — «aggressive»; anti-inflammation regulating regression; antitumoral — TAN1; pro-tumoral — TAN2; hybrid, combining the characteristics of NG and dendritic cells. The absence of adequate response, or hyperactivation blockade NG functions leads to the development of low-intensity infectious and inflammatory diseases, do not respond to conventional therapy of autoimmune diseases/chronic immune-dependent processes. Remo deling dysfunctions NG — the key to new immunotherapeutic strategies.
IMMUNOGENICITY OF THE THIRD GENERATION HEPATITIS B VACCINE (pre-S1/pre-S2/S)
Authors: Esaulenko E. V. , Sukhoruk A. A. , Zakharov K. A. , Yakovlev A. A.
Published: May 2018

Currently, second-generation hepatitis B vaccines are widely used. They are produced in biotechnological eukaryotic yeast-based systems and contain the S-protein domain of HBsAg particle in the complete absence of pre-S1 and pre-S2 domains. At the same time, these antigens were proved to significantly influence immunogenicity, which makes the development and use of third-generation vaccines containing all antigenic determinants a long-range objective. A randomized, double-blind clinical study was conducted to compare immunogenicity of second- and third-generation vaccines Engerix-B™ and Sci-B-Vac™, respectively. Healthy subjects of both sexes aged 18 to 45 years (n = 94) who are seronegative for HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb at screening and who previously had not received immunobiological agents for hepatitis B prophylaxis were included in the study. Group I (n = 47) received the second-generation vaccine Engerix-B™, Group II (n = 47) — the third-generation vaccine Sci-B-Vac™. Subjects received vaccines three times — on days 1, 28 and 180 of the study. HBsAb levels, rates of seroconversion (the proportion of subjects with HBsAb levels 2.1 mIU/mL) and seroprotection (the proportion of subjects with HBsAb levels ≥ 10 mIU/mL) were assessed on days 28, 90, 180 and 210 of the study. Early seroconversion rate assessed on Day 28 was 76.60% in Group I and 93.88% in Group II (p 0.05); seroprotection rate was 51.06 and 61.22%, respectively. These differences in the proportion of subjects who achieved seroconversion on Day 28 may indicate a faster immunological response to Sci-B-Vac™ vaccine. Statistically significant differences between the level of antibodies on days 90 and 180 (p 0.05) were observed when analyzing the average values of HBsAb concentration in Groups I and II. The concentration of HBsAb on Day 90 was 378.68±60.95 mIU/mL in Group I, and 618.31±58.34 mIU/mL in Group II. On Day 180, the concentration of HBsAb reached 441.34±63.83 mIU/mL in Group I, and 757.72±55.14 mIU/mL in Group II. The significance of dependence of antibody level on sex, age and body weight was analyzed. It was revealed that the age of a vaccinated subject affects antibody level after administration of Engerix-B™ (p 0.05). The results obtained suggest that there is a rapid and strong immune response to the third-generation vaccine Sci-B-Vac™. This may indicate advantage of the vaccine containing all three recombinant proteins of hepatitis B virus envelope, which, in turn, can play a key role in clinical practice for urgent prophylaxis of hepatitis B, as well as for treatment of immunocompromised conditions.
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIBIOTICS IN KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE STRAINS ISOLATED IN A MULTIDISCIPLINARY MEDICAL CENTRE
Authors: Kozlova N. S. , Barantsevich N. E. , Barantsevich E. P.
Published: May 2018

Susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents in 421 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, isolated in a multidisciplinary medical centre from patients with nosocomial infections in 2015, was tested. The majority of studied strains were resistant to antibiotics: ampicillin/clavulanic acid (91.4%), ticarcillin/clavlanic acid (81.9%), piperacillin/tazobactam (69.4%), fluorochinolones (83.6%), III and IV generation of cephalosporines (79.8%), gentamycin (72.9%); one third (34.2%) demonstrated resistance to amikacin. K. pneumoniae strains demonstrated high level of carbapenem resistance (53.0% — to ertapenem, 42.8% — to meropenem and 37.1% — to imipenem), associated resistance to at least 3 different classes of antibiotics — caphalosporins, aminoglycozides, fluorochinolones, that amounted to more than half of the strains (57.7%), including 44.2% of the strains, additionally resistant to carbapenems. The lowest level of resistance was found to fosfomycin (8.5%) and tigecycline (7.4%), resistant cultures showed intermediate resistance with MIC 2 μg/ml to the latter. High diversity of antimicrobial resistance spectra was found, with high level of multidrug resistant strains (87.2%). Resistance to carapenems in K. pneumoniae isolated in the multidisciplinary medical center was determined by either blaOXA-48 (59.3% of isolates, resistant to carbapenems) or blaNDM-1 (40.7%).
"THE TEACHER! BEFORE YOUR NAME..." (to the 120 th anniversary of Vladimir Ilyich Ioffe)
Authors: Totolian Artem A.
Published: May 2018

February 14th 2018 —  anniversary of the famous scientist, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, great immunologist and microbiologist Vladimir Ilyich Ioffe the founder of the Russian school of clinical and epidemiological immunology. He created an authoritative Scientific School, anticipated many concepts of infectious immunology, justified and linked together theory, experiment and practical implementation of 3 fields of science: microbiology, immunology and epidemiology thus providing a fertile ground for breakthrough in infectious pathology. Ioffe has developed the principles of quantitative analysis of processes, created the methodology of titer tests to evaluate the strength of the body's defense system or organism allergization. His works have proved long before foreign scientists that scarlet fever and rheumatic fever were streptococcal infections, introduced immunogram as clinico-immunological characteristic of the patient’s disease, and reflected the patterns of disease development and manifestation. Ioffe’s publications provide comparative characteristics of experimental, clinical and epidemiological immunology as independent immunological scientific areas with its own content, aim and subject of research. Based on the wealth of experimental, clinico-immunological and epidemiological data Ioffe created such fundamental works as “Clinical and Epidemiological Immunology”, “Scarlet Fever”, “Whooping Cough”, “Immunology of Rheumatism”, which are still in the researchers’ focus of attention.
Comparative Study on the Economic Efficiency of Rapeseed Culture in Conventional and Organic Systems
Authors: ȘURCĂ Elena
Published: May 2018

From an economic point of view, efficiency implies the use of resources, of any kind, at maximum efficiency, or else the relation between effect and effort is over unit. In any kind of activity economic efficiency is the basis for its start. In the present paper, the level of economic efficiency for rape crops will be determined, according to two technological systems: conventional and organic. The revenue structure, and especially the expenditure, will be found in the income and expenditure budget of the culture. We will compare the value of production, production costs, but also yield or rate of return. In the continuation of the study, a set of indicators of economic efficiency will be calculated for each crop system, which will be subjected to a mirror analysis, to determine the feasibility of rapeseed crops as accurately as possible. Finally, the results will be presented, the profitability of the crop according to the system, the level of the profit and the recommendations regarding the future way of growing the rapeseed.
Evaluating the Potential for Soybean Culture in Romania Compared with the European Union
Authors: ŞURCĂ Elena
Published: May 2018

Soybean is a very popular plant for its wide use, and it is coming back to the attention of farmers due to its special importance in various sectors. Thus, the present study, aims to highlight Romania’s position regarding the areas cultivated with this plant, grain and oil production, consumption per capita and also forage consumption in the zootechnical sector. Also, it will bring in the highlight aspects very important, like imports and exports for the period of 2000-2016 in order to assess the potential of soybean culture and its necessity on the territory of Romania. Due to the high demand for soybeans and / or soybean products, Romania has to resort to the European or world market in order to satisfy the demand for this product, mainly used in the livestock sector. Soybean culture will be analyzed in two different period, the first period will be the pre-accession (2000-2007) and the second one will be the post-accession (2007-2016) of Romanian to the European Union, thus reference will be made to genetically modified soybeans and their use on national and European territories.
Behaviour of Some Green Pepper Lines ( Capsicum annuum l. Var. Grossum Sendt) Tested in the Comparative Plots for Evaluation at Research and Development Institute for Vegetable and Flower Growing Vidra
Authors: SBIRCIOG Gicuta
Published: May 2018

During the 2015-2016 periods in the frame of the experimental field of RDIVFG VIDRA, 5 round pepper lines, created at the Plant Breeding Department of the Institute were investigated under comparative plots for evaluation. As control the green pepper variety Galben superior was used. Several observations and morphological determinations were carried out aiming the following characteristics: total yield, number of fruits per plant, their shape and color. By comparison of the data regarding the total yield of the green pepper lines under investigation (average of the 2015-2016 period) one could notice that all the 5 lines assured a higher total yield to the control variety Galben superior. The values for total yield ranged between 51.8 t/ha and 52.5 t/ha, by comparison with control variety Galben superior that gave 31.5 t/ha. The results emphasized that the best behaviour had the lines L45 by comparison with the control variety.
National Governance Approach for Agriculture Land in Natura 2000 Areas. Evidence from Plovdiv District, Bulgaria
Authors: KAZAKOVA-MATEVA Yanka
Published: May 2018

The designation and implementation of Natura 2000 sites faced many challenges across most of the member states in the EC. Some related to consultation and involvement of stakeholders, funding the conservation objectives and providing compensation to land owners, farmers and foresters for restrictions on their land use. The national governments adopted different approaches to address these issues. The aim of the paper is to assess the governance approach for agricultural land in Natura 2000 in Bulgaria with a focus on the contribution of the Natura 2000 compensatory payments. The results suggest that the measure is instrumental in mitigating farmers’ frustration and in providing support to them; although its contribution to the favourable conservation status is still uncertain. Another weakness is the lack of awareness on Natura 2000 location and restrictions as well as on nature-friendly farming practices among farmers.