Evaluation of Different Insecticides Against Lesser Date Moth, Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick, 1916 (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) under Field Conditions
Authors: Jatoi Faheem Ahmed , Sahito Hakim Ali 
Published: February 2023

Abdel-Samad SSM, Adel H & Abbas MK (2019). A new strategy for controlling three devastating pests attacking date plantations in El Bahariya and Siwa oases, Egypt through using a special group of natural enemies. Egypt J of Agr Res 97(1): 365-382.
Abul-Soad AA & Mahdi SM (2010). Commercial production of tissue culture date palm P. dactylifera L. by inflorescence technique. J of Gen Eng and Bio 8(2): 39-44.
Addisu S, Mulugeta N, Thangavel S & Amsalu A (2022). Determination of most effective insecticides against maize fall armyworm, S. frugiperda in South Western Ethiopia. Cogt Food and Agri 8: 2079210.
Adnan IS, Emad H, Khloud AM & Mabrouk AB (1989). The chemical control of the lesser date moth, B. amydraula Myer, and residue levels of organophosphate insecticides in dates. Pes Man Sci 25(3): 227-230.
Aisha AA, Gouthaman PP, Esam ES, Gaber AR, Saeed T, Amna SA, Khaled AT & Synan FQ (2022). Biocontrol potential of endophytic Actinobacteria against Fusarium solani, the causal agent of sudden decline syndrome on date palm in the UAE. J of funji 8(8): 1.24.
Ali AA & Hamma NN (2016). Integrated management for major date palm pests in Iraq. J of Food and Agri 28(1): 24-33.
Ali DS, Mohammed HM, Abbas DS & Hussein AH (2021). Effect of interaction between pheromone traps and plant seeds of harmal, P. harmala, on lesser date moth, B. amydraula (Merck), in Basra Province. IOP Con Ser Ear and Env Sci 735(012025): 1-8
Allbed A, Kumar L & Shabani F (2017). Climate change impacts on date palm cultivation in Saudi Arabia. J Agric Sci 155: 1203-1218.
Alrubeai HF (2017). Biological control of insect pests in Iraq. An overview of parasitoids and predators research development. Aca J of Ent 10(2): 10-18.
Al-Shahib W & Marshall R (2003). The fruit of the date palm. It’s possible use as the best food for the future. Int J Food Sci Nutr 54: 247-259.
Al-Yahyai R, Khan MM (2015). Date palm status and perspective in Oman. Date palm genetic resources and utilization. Spr Netherlands 2: 207-240.
Arthurs PS, Lawrence AL & Eugene RM (2007). Codling moth control and impact on non-target species in pear orchards. Bio Con 41: 99-109.
Chao CCT & Krueger RR (2007). The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Overview of biology, uses, and cultivation. Hort Sci 42: 1077-1082.
Eman SE, Nagy N & Heba MSEl-B (2020). The efficiency of the parasitoid, Trichogramma sp. against some date pests. Egypt Aca J Bio Sci 12(2): 269-275.
Faiad A, Alsmari M, Ahmed MMZ, Bouazizi ML, Alzahrani B & Alrobei H (2022).  Date palm tree waste recycling. Treatment and processing for potential engineering applications. Sustain 14: 1134.
FAOSTAT Statistics Division (2021). Available online: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC(accessed on 16 October 2021).
Farooqi AB, Khan AH & Mir H (2005). Climate change perspective in Pakistan. Pak J Met 2(3): 11-21.
Fekry WME, Rashad YM, Alaraidh IA & Mehany T (2022).  Exogenous application of melatonin and methyl jasmonate as a pre-harvest treatment enhances growth of barhi date palm trees, prolongs storability, and maintains quality of their fruits under storage conditions. Plants 11(96): 1-16.
Flower JM, Hazzouri KM, Gross-Balthzard MZ, Koutroumpa MK, Perrakis A, Ferrand S, Khierallah HS, Fuller DQ, Aberlenc F, Fournaraki C & Purugganan MD (2019). Cross-species hybridization and the origin of North African date palms. Pro of the Nat Aca of Sci 116(5): 1651-1658.
Gebrewahid Y, Abrehe S, Meresa E, Eyasu G, Abay K, Gebreab G, Kidanemariam K, Adissu G, Abreha G & Darcha G (2020). Current and future predicting potential areas of O. abyssinica (A. Richard) using MaxEnt model under climate change in Northern Ethiopia. Ecol Proce 9(6): 1-15.
Hassan KA, Hashim SM, Mostafa IMY, Sanad AS & Abdel-Hameid NF (2018). Assessment of dispersal and parasitism of the laboratory reared T. evanescens under field conditions. J of Plant Pro and Pat 9(5): 297-299.
Iubied, IA & Hamzah HA (2019).  Effect of pollen grains and growth regulators on some fruit characterization of date palm P. dactylifera L. cultivar, Sultani. AlQadisiyah J for Agr  Sci  9(1): 136-142.
Jallat K, Kaynat S, Sumreen A, Ahmad K, Sarfraz A, Awais Qr, Muhammad IT, Farhan AK, Nusrat S & Muther MQ (2022). Cultural and scio-economic perspective of some promising edible plants from Northern Pakistan. In: Masoodi MH & Rehman MU (eds) Springer, Singapore 1: 77-105.  http://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4880-9-4
Jatoi FA, Sahito HA, Kousar T & Mangrio WM (2020). Biology, morphology and taxonomy of lesser date moth, B. amydraula (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) under two different temperatures. Pur and App Bio 9(1): 1137-1147.
Jatoi FA, Sahito HA, Mangrio WM & Kousar T (2021). Survey and population fluctuation of lesser date moth, B.  amydraula Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) on prominent Aseel variety of date palm. Int J of Bio 18(4): 207-215.
Latifian M, Bagheri A, Amani M, Naseri M, Saboki E, Khademi R, & Zohdi H (2021). Determination of economic injury level of date palm lesser date moth, B. amydraula (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) on six commercial date cultivars in Iran. J Ent Soc of Iran 40(4): 371.383.
Massimo B, Amedeo R, Francesca V, Michelangelo P, Miriam H & Marco S (2008). Effect of sowing date and insecticide application against European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on fumonisin contamination in maize kernels. Crop Prot 27: 1432-1436.
Mattar MA, Soliman SS & Al-Obeed RS (2021). Effects of various quantities of three irrigation water types on yield and fruit quality of ‘Succary’ date palm. Agronomy 11(4): 796.
Melanie H, Annalena S, Juliane S, Lea AF & Carsten AB (2015). The effects of agrochemicals on Lepidoptera, with a focus on moths, and their pollination service in field margin habitats. Agr Eco and Env 207: 153-162.
Metwally HAA & Basheer AM (2019). Sensitivity of some date palm cultivars to infestation with lesser date moth B. amydraula. Wor J Agr Sci 15(5): 310-316.
Mia MA, Mosaib MG, Khalil MI, Islam MA & Gan SH (2020). Potentials and safety of date palm fruit against diabetes. A critical review. Foods 9(1557): 1-21.
Paszke MZ (2019). Date palm and date palm inflorescences in the late uruk period (C. 3300 B.C.). Bot and archaic script. Iraq 81: 221-239.
Perveen K & Bokahri NA (2020). Comparative analysis of chemical, mineral and in-vitro antibacterial activity of different varieties of date fruits from Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Bio Sci 27(7): 1886-1891.
Rambabu K, Bharath G, Hai A, Banat F, Hasan SW, Taher H & Mohd ZHF (2020). Nutritional quality and physico-chemical characteristics of selected date fruit varieties of the United Arab Emirates. Process 8(3): 256.
Sallon S, Cherif E, Chabrillange N, Solowey E, Gros-Balthazard M, Ivorra S & Aberlenc F (2020). Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on genetic analysis of germinated ancient seeds and morphometric studies. Plant Sci 6(6):1-10.
Sanderson LA, McLaughlin JA & Antunes PM (2012). The last great forest: A review of the status of invasive species in the North American boreal forest. Fores 85: 329-339.
Shabani F, Kumar L, Nojoumian AH, Esmaeili A & Toghyani M (2016b). Projected future distribution of date palm and its potential use in alleviating micronutrient deficiency. J Sci Food Agr 96: 1132-1140.
Shahid F, Muhammad MM, Muhammad AB, Muhammad IU, Rahmat US, Hayssam MA, Dunia AF, Mohamed SE, Ashraf AH, Saqib B & Yong-Feng W (2021). Production suitability of date palm under changing climate in a semi-arid region predicted by climex model. J of King Saud Uni Sci 33: 101394.
Shayesteh N, Marouf A & Amir-Maafi M (2010). Some biological characteristics of the B. amydraula Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) on main varieties of dry and semi-dry date palm of Iran. 10th Inter Wor Con on Sto Pro Pro Julius-Kühn Archiv  425: 151-155.
Zienab FRA, Navjot K & Fatima EH (2022). Ornamental date palm and Sidr trees Fruit elements composition and concerns regarding consumption. Inter J of Fru Sci 22(1): 17-34