bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Forecasting Model for Satisfying the Demand of International Flight
Passengers Having Domestic Flight Connection
Authors: Riyadh Alhassan Riyadh Alhassan
Published: February 2020

This paper deals with one of the main problems, which is faced by Saudi Arabian Airlines (SAUDIA). The problem of the
passengers who have international flights and cannot able to find their seats easily on their domestic flights to have a smooth
connection to their international flights. As a result, those passengers are left with no choice except to look for any alternative
Airlines, making the demand on domestic flights of Saudi Arabian Airlines diminish and increase the revenue of its competitors. The
paper focused on the problem of passengers who look for seats on domestic flights between Abha and Riyadh to continue their
international flights. The data collected for the demand on fourteen international destinations, which have a connection between
Abha and Riyadh, emphasizing on the analysis of the three top international destinations, which are in high demand. Using
descriptive statistics, ARIMA (box and Jenkins) procedure and multiple regressions, a forecasting model was developed to determine
the expected demand on the domestic flights under study. Recommendations were made to SAUDIA operational strategy (i.e., the
types of aircrafts and their capacity) to fulfill the demand in order to maximize the total revenue of Saudi Arabian Airlines in
comparison with its competitors.
Estimating the timescale-dependent uncertainty of paleoclimate records – a spectral approach. Part I: Theoretical concept
Authors: Kunz Torben , Dolman Andrew M. , Laepple Thomas
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Proxy records represent an invaluable source of information for reconstructing past climatic variations, but they are associated with considerable uncertainties. For a systematic quantification of these reconstruction errors, however, knowledge is required not only of their individual sources but also of their auto-correlation structure, as this determines the timescale dependence of their magnitude, an issue that is often ignored until now. Here a spectral approach to uncertainty analysis is provided for paleoclimate reconstructions obtained from single sediment proxy records. The formulation in the spectral domain, rather than the time domain, allows for an explicit demonstration as well as quantification of the timescale dependence that is inherent in any proxy-based reconstruction uncertainty. This study is published in two parts. In this first part, the theoretical concept is presented and analytic expressions are derived for the power spectral density of the reconstruction error of sediment proxy records. The underlying model takes into account the spectral structure of the climate signal, seasonal and orbital variations, bioturbation, sampling of a finite number of signal carriers, uncorrelated measurement noise, and it includes the effects of spectral aliasing and leakage. The uncertainty estimation method, based upon this model, is illustrated by simple examples. In the second part of this study, published separately, the method is implemented in an application-oriented context, and more detailed examples are presented.
Assimilating Shallow Soil Moisture Observations into Land Models with a Water Budget Constraint
Authors: Dan Bo , Zheng Xiaogu , Wu Guocan , Li Tao
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Incorporating observations of shallow soil moisture content into land models is an important step in assimilating satellite observations of soil moisture content. In this study, several modifications of an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) are proposed for improving this assimilation. It was found that a forecast error inflation-based approach improves the soil moisture content in shallow layers, but it can increase the analysis error in deep layers. To mitigate the problem in deep layers while maintaining the improvement in shallow layers, a vertical localization-based approach was introduced in this study. During the data assimilation process, although updating the forecast state using observations can reduce the analysis error, the water balance based on the physics in the model could be destroyed. To alleviate the imbalance in the water budget, a weak water balance constrain filter is adopted. The proposed weakly constrained EnKF that includes forecast error inflation and vertical localization was applied to a synthetic experiment and two real data experiments. The results of the assimilation process suggest that the inflation approach effectively reduce both the short-lived analysis error and the analysis bias in shallow layers, while the vertical localization approach avoids increase in analysis error in deep layers. The weak constraint on the water balance reduces the degree of the water budget imbalance at the price of a small increase in the analysis error.
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Vehicles Hit by Landslides: A Case Study
Authors: Lu Meng , Zhang Jie , Zhang Lulu , Zhang Limin
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Landslides threaten the safety of vehicles on highways. Nevertheless, a rigorous quantitative highway landslide risk assessment seems difficult. Using a case study in Hong Kong, this paper presents a method for quantitative risk assessment for highway landslides. The suggested method consists of three parts, i.e., analysis of annual failure probability of the slope, the spatial impact analysis and the consequence analysis. In the case study, the annual failure probability of the slope is analyzed based on historical failure data in Hong Kong. The spatial impact of the landslides is estimated based on empirical correlations with the geometry of the slope. The consequence is assessed based on probabilistic modeling of the traffic on the highway. Based on the suggested method, the annual failure probability of the slope, the distance from the slope and the road and the density of vehicles on the road can significantly affect the landslide risk and the suggested method can be used to quantify the effects of these factors. The suggested method can be also potentially used to analyze the highway landslide risk in other regions.
La comunicación persuasiva en política como elemento fundamental en el éxito de nuevas formaciones políticas en España: emisor, mensaje y contexto. Caso Podemos y Ciudadanos
Authors: Cardete Quintero María Jesús , De Esteban Curiel Javier , Antonovica Arta
Published: February 2020

La comunicación es un elemento clave en la captación de votos en cualquier proceso electoral, cuya efectividad se ve condicionada por variables como las características sociodemográficas del receptor, el poder del emisor, el canal elegido para su difusión o el entorno económico donde se desarrolle el discurso.

En este contexto el estudio del lenguaje persuasivo cobra una especial relevancia, puesto que de su uso dependerá, en muchos casos, que la intención con la que se lanza el mensaje coincida con los resultados esperados.

Es por ello, que se hace necesario profundizar en el conocimiento de los elementos del mensaje de persuasión en política que determinan la intencionalidad del voto y sus efectos sobre los resultados electorales.

Más concretamente, en el presente artículo se propone un análisis del contenido persuasivo de los mensajes utilizados en España durante el mes de diciembre de 2015, periodo que coincide con la campaña electoral previa a los comicios celebrados el 20 de diciembre de ese mismo año, por dos nuevas formas políticas que surgen de dos idearios diferenciados: Ciudadanos y Podemos, como una de las causas de los resultados electorales obtenidos en los comicios celebrados en dicha fecha y que supusieron la desestabilización del parlamento español, al no ser posible alcanzar la mayoría suficiente para formar gobierno y cuya consecuencia fue la celebración de unas nuevas elecciones el 26 de junio de 2016.

Es muy destacable la importancia de este estudio puesto que, a raíz de la presencia de estas dos fuerzas políticas, el panorama político español ha cambiado en toda la nación. Los dos partidos y sus mensajes han logrado captar la atención de miles de ciudadanos y ha existido un cambio claro de intención de voto de los partidos tradicionales. De manera que el estudio del mensaje persuasivo de Podemos y de Ciudadanos es de vital importancia para comprender la intencionalidad de voto actualmente en España.
Cambios discursivos sobre ciencia en Brasil y Uruguay en el siglo XX: de la comunicación entre especialistas a las primicias de la popularización científica
Authors: Dias Gripp Phillipp , Machado Silveira Ada Cristina
Published: February 2020

El texto aborda los cambios en el discurso sobre ciencia en agropecuaria en la región Platina durante el siglo XX. Se analizan las publicaciones trimestrales brasileñas de la Associação Brasileira de Criadores Ovinos, vehiculadas desde 1942, y de Uruguay la mensual y comercial La Propaganda Rural, editada desde 1901. Se toma la discursividad de las dos publicaciones como resultado de la formación ideológica “voluntad de saber”. Se utilizan los conceptos “comunicación científica”, “divulgación científica” y “periodismo científico” como base del análisis de las formaciones discursivas. Se constató que al comienzo la práctica discursiva estuvo condicionada a la comunicación científica entre especialistas y después también al periodismo científico, cuando se nota las primicias de la popularización científica.
Análisis del contenido de las redes sociales: las peculiaridades y la problemática de la situación en Rusia
Authors: Dzyaloshinsky Iosif , Pilgún Maria , Аnnenkova Irina
Published: February 2020

El artículo está dedicado al análisis de los problemas que surgen en el sistema de redes sociales en relación con la intensificación de la lucha de las autoridades judiciales encargadas de cumplir la ley de la Federación de Rusia con fenómenos que se designan en el campo legal como “extremismo”, “incitación al odio” e “insultar los sentimientos de los creyentes”. El objetivo del proyecto es analizar los problemas de regulación de las redes sociales y el contenido del autor en el contexto de la experiencia mundial y doméstica en la lucha por la “neutralidad de la red”. Se efectuó un análisis interdisciplinario. En el espacio moderno de los medios de comunicación rusos, el papel de un experto y una experiencia de los que depende la evaluación del contenido de las redes sociales cada vez gana más peso. El análisis realizado descrito en el artículo indica que los métodos tradicionales de examen de textos web necesitan una actualización sustancial. También se plantea la cuestión de la necesidad de describir claramente las calificaciones de un experto, regular la selección de expertos y los límites de sus actividades funcionales.
Revistas y Newsletters digitales de Memoria: una comunicación en Red sobre la actualidad del pasado
Authors: Eiroa Matilde
Published: February 2020

La extensión de Internet en la sociedad ha actuado como un gran revulsivo para el movimiento asociativo memorial. El recurso a las redes sociales y a los formatos de la Web 2.0 como las páginas web o los blogs, es el más utilizado entre el colectivo. Sin embargo, algunas asociaciones han optado por la producción de revistas y newsletters digitales como medios más directos y de contenidos más extensos. En este marco, el objetivo que planteamos es analizar estos productos comunicativos a fin de comprobar qué contenidos transmiten, cómo los estructuran y cuáles son las funciones que cumplen en el ecosistema mediático memorial. La colección Boletines de la Historia y la Memoria de la base de datos HISMEDI, integrada por veinticuatro registros, ha sido la muestra seleccionada como objeto de estudio (http://evi.linhd.uned.es/projects/hismedi/om/). La hipervinculación y la posibilidad de interactuar con los usuarios configuran una información singular y una distribución en red de noticias sobre la actualidad de la memoria.
Imágenes de la violencia. Representaciones de las mujeres en noticias de 'Sucesos y Judiciales' en Costa Rica. Análisis del diario digital crhoy.com en 2017
Authors: Martínez Toledo Yanet
Published: February 2020

En el presente artículo se desarrolla un análisis de imágenes publicadas en noticias de sucesos en el diario digital crhoy.com durante 2017. Su objetivo indagar la función de las imágenes (fotografías, infografías) en la construcción noticiosa de la violencia contra las mujeres. El interés surgió en estudios realizados por la autora (Martínez y Jiménez, 2016; 2018; 2018b). Se realizó un análisis macroestructural que permitió identificar: tipos de violencia, uso de las imágenes, autoría, actores y agencia; y posteriormente una descripción de los elementos retóricos empleados en las imágenes (Gries, 2015). Los resultados encontrados permiten afirmar las mujeres son escasamente representadas en su calidad de agentes (Murley, 2011). Hay un llamado a la estrategia del sufrimiento en la representación de las víctimas (Chouliaraki, 2006, p. 53).
Los usos de Twitter en las crónicas simultáneas
Authors: Porto López Pablo
Published: February 2020

Las crónicas simultáneas, también conocidas como live blogs, son textos informativos escritos de manera concomitante al suceso del que tratan. El empleo de Twitter como herramienta para reportar desde el lugar de los hechos, permite a estos textos configurar una escenografía enunciativa que no tiene paralelo en las noticias tradicionales o retrospectivas. Más que remitir a otras manifestaciones de la prensa gráfica, el efecto de sentido generado presenta similitudes con el móvil en vivo de los medios de broadcasting, como la radio y la televisión. Desde un enfoque semiótico, y a partir de la cobertura que el periódico inglés The Guardian le dedicó al discurso de Vladimir Putin luego del referéndum de Crimea en 2014, se examina tanto la dimensión enunciativa como los modos de organización secuencial de las publicaciones de la crónica, en particular luego de la irrupción de un hecho imprevisto reportado originalmente a través de Twitter.
La experiencia de los usuarios en torno a ‘webdocs’, documentales interactivos y orientados a la participación ciudadana. El caso de ‘Las SinSombrero’
Authors: Sánchez González María , Sánchez Gonzales Hada M.
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo aborda un caso de contenidos interactivos innovadores producidos por labs de medios españoles, el documental interactivo o webdoc Las SinSombrero, desde la perspectiva de las audiencias. Por un lado, explora los resultados de su participación en cuanto a aportación de contenido, y por otro, analiza la usabilidad del webdoc mediante experimentos de test de usuario a más de medio centenar de futuros periodistas y recoge su percepción tras la experiencia de consumo.

Los resultados muestran que proyectos como el analizado son evaluados muy positivamente por las audiencias. Lo consideran innovador y de contenido muy valioso. La experiencia de consumo es ágil, y apenas se producen errores durante ésta, si bien las mayores dificultades se concentran precisamente en las opciones de aportación de contenido, las cuales parecen ocupar, a la vista del análisis, un lugar complementario frente a la visualización e interacción sobre el contenido del documental online.
Da música popular à MPB: um século de música e disco no Brasil
Authors: Vicente Eduardo , De Marchi Leonardo
Published: February 2020

O texto se propõe a relacionar a trajetória da indústria fonográfica e da música popular no Brasil ao longo do século XX, a partir de suas interações com as indústrias radiofônica e televisiva. Para tanto, ele foi dividido em quatro fases principais: “das máquinas falantes nos trópicos à Casa Edison, 1900-1930”, “a era do cinema e do rádio, 1930-1950”, “a nova bossa da televisão, 1960-1970” e “em busca do popular, 1980-1990”.  Nesse percurso, o texto busca refletir sobre questões como a concentração econômica da indústria fonográfica, a criação de um repertório musical propriamente “brasileiro”, em que certos gêneros musicais foram mais ou menos privilegiados de acordo com o desenvolvimento da própria indústria fonográfica.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR QUANTIFYING VARIABILITY OF NR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AFTER THERMAL AGING
Authors: Estepa Andrés Malo , Massa Franck , Boukamel Adnane , Tison Thierry , Champagne Philippe , Méo Stéphane , Wolf Andreas
Published: February 2020

The evolution of mechanical properties of NR with carbon black fillers was examined after a thermal aging step through both experimentation and non-deterministic numerical simulations. A quantification of mechanical properties and associated variability is first proposed for a set of specimens exposed at different temperatures and exposure times. Second, a family of stretch–stress laws is numerically built with a James' hyperelastic model. Next, the whole of the behavior evolution is modeled with a Kriging model to quantify the effects of properties on a macroscopic stiffness, useful in dynamic simulations, and the least-favorable scenario is so determined. Finally, Arrhenius method is performed to numerically draw the evolution bounds of macroscopic stiffness as a function of aging exposure, followed by a comparison with a naturally aged suspension component. To our knowledge, the methodology developed has not already been proposed in this area.
An Approach to Defining the Identity of a Media Fan
Authors: Lozano Delmar Javier , Plaza Juan F. , Sanchez-Martin Milagrosa
Published: February 2020

This study is based on a sample of Spanish viewers of audiovisual fiction, seeking to understand behavior associated with fan identity. A quantitative method was used to explore the characteristics shared by viewers who define themselves as fans, as well as the existence of differences according to various sociodemographic variables. To that end, the Fan Identity Questionnaire was prepared and validated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirm four types of behavior associated to media fans that, together, can explain and define fan identity with respect to the consumption of media content in Spain: experience, knowledge, collecting, and viewing. The study also shows that those viewers who define themselves as fans obtain higher values in this scale. Taking media fans into account, no significant differences were found in the mean of the Fan Identity Questionnaire based on sex, age, occupation and education and, as a result, we are able to conclude that fan identity is found in the Spanish sample regardless of the above-mentioned sociodemographic characteristics.
Experiences of the Insured and Non-Insured of the NHIS in Accessing Health-care in Tema, Ghana
Authors: Plahar Robert Teye , Baozhen Dai , Saddiqque Abubakar , Mensah Sandra Asantewaa
Published: February 2020

The study analyzes the impacts emanating from the National Health Insurance Scheme in its attempt to ensuring that Ghanaians can access quality and affordable health-care. The study focuses on three hospitals; CJ Medical Centre, Sakumono Community Hospital and Tema General Hospital in the Tema, Ghana.To realize the objectives, the study applies a mixed approach to collecting and analyzing data. An interview guide and semi-structured criteria are used in the collection of data. The collected data included qualitative and quantitative data and were analyzed using color coding based on emerging themes and SPSS 18 respectively. The study was able to establish that, comparatively, people insured by the NHIS have enhanced accessibility when it comes to health-care, than the non-insured. The insured enjoy benefits from the Scheme and together with their children below 18 years enjoy free laboratory, OPD dispensary and consultation services, and some surgical procedures in both private and public hospitals.On the contrary, the non-insured have no option other than paying for the same services when in need of medical attention. However, non-insured who have cash at the ready are readily attended to while those enrolled on the NHIS may have to wait a bit longer to be served.Recommendations include authorities ensuring claims are settled promptly, expansion of number of drugs and conditions covered by the NHIS, reduction in premiums and measures to ensure health workers are not biased against the insured.
An Earth-System Science Toolkit for Environmentally Friendly Mineral Resource Development
Authors: Plumlee G.S. , Logsdon M.J.
Published: February 2020

Environmental issues have become important, if not critical, factors in the success of proposed mining projects worldwide. In an ongoing and intense public debate about mining and its perceived environmental impacts, the mining industry points out that there are many examples of environmentally responsible mining currently being carried out (e.g., Todd and Struhsacker, 1997). The industry also emphasizes that the majority of mining-environmental problems facing society today are legacies from the past when environmental consequences of mining were poorly understood, not regulated, or viewed as secondary in importance to societal needs for the resources being extracted. On the other hand, environmental organizations (e.g., Mineral Policy Center, 1999) point to recent environmental problems, such as those stemming from open-pit gold mining at Summitville, Colorado, in the late 1980s (see Summitville summaries in Posey et al., 1995; Danielson and Alms, 1995; Williams, 1995; Plumlee, 1999), or those associated with a 1998 tailings dam collapse in Spain (van Geen and Chase, 1998), as an indication that environmental problems (whether accidental or resulting from inappropriate practices) can still occur in modern mining. Recent legislation imposing a moratorium on new mining in Wisconsin, and banning new mining in Montana using cyanide heap-leach extraction methods further underscore the seriousness of the debate and its implications for mineral resource extraction.
The Health Effects of Mineral Dusts
Authors: Ross Malcolm
Published: February 2020

As a consequence of environmental and health consciousness that began in the 1970s and continues unabated to this day, several common minerals have become suspect as agents of cancer and other diseases. Many mine dumps have been placed on the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Superfund list for future cleanup, because some of the minerals contained in these dumps are assumed to be hazardous to human health. Better environmental controls were certainly needed in many of our basic mining, smelting, steel, and chemical industries, and much progress has been made in recent years in reducing industrial emissions. However, some of the newly instituted (and excessively restrictive in the view of many) regulatory controls are the result of an extreme overreaction to perceived health risks that are in fact insignificant or nonexistent.
Impact of Mediating Role of Employees’ Creativity & Relationship of Leadership Styles and Employees’ Commitment to Change at Private Sector Universities in Sindh Province- Pakistan
Authors: Massan Riyaz Hussain , Pahi Dr. Munwar Hussain
Published: February 2020

Globally rapid progress of the organizations can be enumerated with their adaptability to change. Therefore, change must be coherent with leadership styles and be well coordinated with employees’ willingness. It is comprehensible that organizations which did not familiarize and accept change could not survive and are no more in this business world. The target population of this study was permanent faculty members of the private universities in Sindh Province of Pakistan. Total 349 questionnaires were distributed to respondents of the Sindh province of Pakistan. Henceforth total 89 usable questionnaires were received from respondents. Data collected from permanent faculty members through questionnaires survey. To analyze the data, Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modeling was used by using Smart-PLS 2.0. The outcomes of this research work revealed a significant relationship between the transformational leadership and transactional leadership styles, furthermore transactional and transformational leadership styles mediate the relationship between employees’ commitment to change and employee’s creativity.
Gewinnunabhängige Auszahlungen an Kommanditisten von Publikumskommanditgesellschaften und geschlossenen Investmentkommanditgesellschaften
Authors: Kupsch Andreas
Published: February 2020

The payment of excess liquidity to limited partners of limited partnerships through profit-independent "liquidity distributions" and their subsequent reclaiming by the company or the insolvency administrator has been of particular concern to the courts in recent times. Starting from a strict distinction between the internal relation-ship with the company on the one hand and the external liability towards the company's creditors on the other hand, the work systematically examines the various conceivable variants of profit-independent payments and assesses their risks for the limited partner. Then follows a description of the protective mechanisms working in favour of the limited partner. Those include, in particular, the objective interpretation and content review of the articles of association, as well as the prospectus liability. A critical analysis of the legal situation in the new special legal form of the public investment partnership created by the German Capital Investment Code [KAGB] completes the thesis.
Integrierter Schutz vor gefährlichen Stoffen
Authors: Löffler Lisa
Published: February 2020

Many environmental problems occurring in modern industrial society are caused by hazardous substances, in particular organic chemicals and heavy metals. They pollute the environmental media water, air and soil, change their material composition and can cause changes in the functioning of the human body and of ecosystems through their absorption.

The causes for the arising environmental problems lie, on the one hand, in knowledge gaps regarding hazardous substances, their properties and effects, but on the other hand, also in legal deficiencies, such as ineffective regulatory concepts and incoherences between different regulatory areas.

To this end, this work analyses whether and how the REACH Regulation affects sectoral environmental law – in the form of water and immission control legislation - and to what extent these regulatory areas ensure coherent and effective protection of man and the environment against hazardous substances.
Effect of 6-Month Fascia-Oriented Training on the Dynamics of Changes and the Height of Vertical Jump in Well-Trained Junior Female Volleyball Players
Authors: Vychodilová Renáta , Zvonař Martin , Sebera Martin , Pokorná Alena
Published: February 2020

Based on the research review, fascia-oriented training may positively influence sports performance.  Its component focused on the “catapult” mechanism can increase the capability of the connective tissue to store and release kinetic energy, which is involved in various movement actions, activities and skills including the jumping skills in volleyball. The study was conducted to assess the effect of the 6-month fascia-oriented training on the height of the vertical jump in well-trained junior female volleyball players. 16 players (age 17.31 ± 0.98; height 173 ± 5.26; weight 65.25 ± 6.75), members of one team competing in the national league, were randomly assigned for the training group (TG) and control group (CG). TG participated in a supervised 25-minute fascia-oriented training twice a week for six months. To measure the height of the jump, the force plate Bertec FP6012-15-4000 was used. Three testing measures were executed: pre-test, mid-test and post-test with three trials of the standing vertical countermovement jump with all arm movement. The study presupposed that after three months, the height of jump may rise slightly more in TG than in CG. After six months, a statistically significant increase was expected in TG compared to CG. Based on the results of the study, we conclude that the 6-month fascia-oriented training focused on the development of the height of vertical jump in well-trained junior volleyball players neither complied with the assumed dynamics in changes nor was statistically significantly beneficial. However, the dynamics of the changes indicate that fascia-oriented training may positively influence the stability and efficiency of the jumping performance during the game season.
Educational Activities of the International Fencing Federation (FIE) “FIE Budapest Coaching Academy”
Authors: Roček Michal
Published: February 2020

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Perbedaan pola tanam dan kriteria aplikasi insektisida memengaruhi keanekaragaman arthropoda tanah pada pertanaman kubis (Brassica oleracea)
Authors: Handayani Inrianti Sari , Hermana Dadang , Nurmansyah Ali
Published: February 2020

Penggunaan pestisida secara berlebihan dan intensif pada tanaman kubis (Brassica oleracea) dapat menyebabkan resistensi, resurgensi, pencemaran lingkungan, residu kimia, dan penurunan populasi musuh alami dan keanekaragaman arthropoda tanah. Berbagai teknik pengendalian hama telah dikembangkan, seperti penggunaan sistem tumpang sari yang merupakan bagian dari teknik budi daya dan juga aplikasi insektisida. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memelajari efek dari tiga pola tanam kubis dan perbedaan kriteria aplikasi insektisida terhadap keanekaragaman arthropoda tanah. Percobaan disusun berdasarkan rancangan petak terbagi. Tiga pola tanam kubis terdiri atas tumpang sari kubis dan tomat, kubis dan Ageratum sp. sebagai tanaman refugia, dan kubis monokultur. Tiga kriteria dalam aplikasi insektisida, yaitu didasarkan pada ambang ekonomi, aplikasi berjadwal, dan tanpa aplikasi insektisida. Secara umum, pola tanam kubis monokultur dan aplikasi pestisida menyebabkan kelimpahan arthropoda tanah lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Perlakuan kubis dengan Ageratum sp. dan tanpa aplikasi insektisida dapat meningkatkan keanekaragaman arthropoda tanah.
Juegos de emulación: marco ideológico para una arquitectura neuronal electrónica de inspiración biológica
Authors: Zubiaga Augusto , Cilleruelo Lourdes
Published: February 2020

La introducción de las ciencias duras en las prácticas artísticas o a la inversa, la artistización de la ciencia, aboca a una redefinición del propio concepto de arte y de su ámbito de actuación. Ello puede favorecer el regreso a una definición de arte similar a la que operaba en el mundo antiguo, donde se asociaba con la pura y simple destreza, con independencia del ámbito de aplicación. En un contexto así, la enseñanza del arte, tal y como está actualmente organizada como superestructura orientada a nutrirse de una cultura humanística que ha prescindido de lo técnico, puede constituir un lastre, si no es capaz de ofrecer respuestas coherentes en lo ético y eficaces en lo procedimental, en relación con el modo de acceso a los conocimientos que deban movilizarse para una representación actualizada del mundo, que deberá ser inevitablemente tecnológica. En el actual marco sociopolítico se perfilan dos alternativas, por un lado la externalización, opción que nos inspira ciertas dudas e incertidumbres de índole ética, y, por otro lado, el autoaprendizaje en las redes, los procesos abiertos entre pares y la cultura maker, un ecosistema delicado y sujeto a múltiples amenazas.

En este artículo abordamos la descripción de una experiencia práctica en el ámbito de la neurociencia computacional, desarrollada según la segunda alternativa, un ethos donde se sitúan tanto sus autores como sus resultados.
THUTOAH - The Holographic Universe Theory of Art History
Authors: Treister Suzanne
Published: February 2020

This text is an edit of the audio transcript of interviews with scientists John Ellis, Alessandra Gnecchi and Wolfgang Lerche from my video, The Holographic Universe Theory of Art History (THUTOAH). THUTOAH investigates the holographic principle and the theory that our universe could be understood as a vast and complex hologram, and hypothesises that, beyond acknowledged art historical contexts and imperatives, artists may have also been unconsciously attempting to describe the holographic nature of the universe. Projecting over 25,000 chronological images from art history (from cave painting to global contemporary art, including outsider and psychedelic art), THUTOAH echoes conceptually the actions of CERN's particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), accelerating at 25 images per second in a looped sequence. Alongside this colossal library of images is a soundtrack of interviews with, and watercolours by, the scientists at CERN - illustrations and articulations of the holographic principle. THUTOAH hypothesises a reality that has perhaps been intuited over the ages, a reality beyond the already documented intentional depictions of spiritual, mystical or transcendent realities or altered states of consciousness; the reality of the holographic nature of the universe.
Remarks on Certain Affinities and Differences Between Aesthetic and Scientific Practices
Authors: Zummer Thomas
Published: February 2020

In 1969 Werner Heisenberg presented a paper at a symposium initiated by the Karajan Foundation in Salzburg. The theme of this symposium was the ‘significance of modern scientific knowledge—in medicine, physiology, and physics—for art, music, pedagogy and aesthetic practice.’ Heisenberg’s paper was titled “The Tendency to Abstraction in Modern Art and Science.”1. Heisenberg dissembled, preferring to avoid an approach from a technical point of view, in favour of a consideration of principle, or of a “philosophy of culture”, in order to ask whether certain tendencies in modern art, at times strange or incomprehensible, might have some parallel in the form of similar phenomena in modern science. Heisenberg was not concerned with specific forms or techniques of contemporary aesthetic or scientific practice, but with what he described as their “overall shape”. It is an interesting position, not because it afforded Heisenberg a necessarily new or privileged insight, but because unlike most discussions of the relations between art and science it did not proceed in a hegemonic manner wherein one discipline annexes and establishes sovereignty over another. In Heisenberg’s query scientific procedures did not circumscribe or annex art (as mere illustration, exemplar or ornament) and aesthetic practices did not circumscribe and annex scientific data (as argument, justification, evidence or authority). Neither was he overly concerned with an equanimity or symmetry in the relationships of these various disciplines; he was interested in certain affinities, the possibility of common grounds, in science and art as they are practised.

. . .the step towards greater generality is always itself a step into abstraction—or more precisely, into the next highest level of abstraction; for the most general unites the wealth of diverse individual things or processes under a unitary point of view, which means at the same time that it disregards other features considered to be unimportant. In other words, it abstracts from them.2

It is in this context that I will situate my remarks on certain affinities and differences between scientific and aesthetic practices, by considering the possibility of their common ground in terms of abstraction, technics, and capture, (i.e., what it is that is purported to be captured, secured or preserved, in order to be represented).
França: una República que dubta ... i abdica
Authors: Pigenet Phryné , Pigenet Michel
Published: February 2020

El Front Popular, fundat com a reacció a l’agressivitat amenaçadora dels contraris a Gueuse, va relligar les aspiracions cap a una república democràtica i social. La irrupció inesperada i victoriosa dels treballadors va soscavar la dimensió interclasse de l'Estat sense agitar el seu centre de poder, el llit calent d'una forma de conservadorisme confós amb l'estabilitat. Això era especialment evident en qüestions de diplomàcia i finances, que van ser la font de desafiament i venjança entre 1938 i 1940, en un context de tensió internacional. Amb una gran decepció, tot va portar al règim a desviar-se tant dels seus compromisos com dels seus principis.
Bovine tuberculosis breakdown duration in cattle herds: an investigation of herd, host, pathogen and wildlife risk factors
Authors: Milne Georgina , Allen Adrian , Graham Jordon , Lahuerta-Marin Angela , McCormick Carl , Presho Eleanor , Reid Neil , Skuce Robin , Byrne Andrew W.
Published: February 2020

Background

Despite rigorous controls placed on herds which disclose ante-mortem test positive cattle to bovine tuberculosis, caused by the infection of Mycobacterium bovis, many herds in Northern Ireland (NI) experience prolonged breakdowns. These herds represent a considerable administrative and financial burden to the State and farming community.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted to better understand the factors associated with breakdown duration, which was modelled using both negative binomial and ordinal regression approaches.

Results

Six explanatory variables were important predictors of breakdown length in both models; herd size, the number of reactors testing positive in the initial SICCT test, the presence of a lesioned animal at routine slaughter (LRS), the count of M. bovis genotypes during the breakdown (MLVA richness), the local herd-level bTB prevalence, and the presence of herds linked via management factors (associated herds). We report that between 2008 and 2014, mean breakdown duration in NI was 226 days (approx. seven months; median: 188 days). In the same period, however, more than 6% of herds in the region remained under movement restriction for more than 420 days (13 months); almost twice as long as the mean. The MLVA richness variable was a particularly important predictor of breakdown duration. We contend that this variable primarily represents a proxy for beef fattening herds, which can operate by purchasing cattle and selling animals straight to slaughter, despite prolonged trading restrictions. For other herd types, the model supports the hypothesis that prolonged breakdowns are a function of both residual infection within the herd, and infection from the environment (e.g. infected wildlife, contiguous herds and/or a contaminated environment). The impact of badger density on breakdown duration was assessed by including data on main sett (burrow) density. Whilst a positive association was observed in the univariate analysis, confounding with other variables means that the contribution of badgers to prolonged breakdowns was not clear from our study. We do not fully reject the hypothesis that badgers are implicated in prolonging bTB breakdowns via spillback infection, but given our results, we posit that increased disease risk from badgers is unlikely to simply be a function of increasing badger density measured using sett metrics.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Romanian International Knee Documentation Committee—subjective knee form
Authors: Todor Adrian , Vermesan Dinu , Haragus Horia , Patrascu Jr Jenel M. , Timar Bogdan , Cosma Dan I.
Published: February 2020

Aim

We aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the International Knee Documentation Committee—subjective knee form (IKDC) in Romanian.

Method

The original (US) IKDC—subjective knee form was translated according to recommended guidelines. Validity was tested using Spearmans’s correlation coefficient between score sand test-retest reproducibility. Reliability and internal consistency were determined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

A total of 106 data sets were available for processing. The average age was 52 years and the male to female ratio was 40:66. Fifty-five subjects repeated the form after an average of 4 days. There were no floor or ceiling effects (range 3.4–74.7). There was a strong correlation between the first and repeated administration of the IKDC—subjective knee form (r = 0.816,n = 50) and moderate compared to Tegner-Lysholm knee rating scale (r = 0.506,n = 102), KOOSJR (Knee disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement,r =  − 0.622,n = 96), EuroqolEQ-5D-5L Index (r = 0.633,n = 100) and visual analogue scale VAS (r = 0.484,n = 99). Internal consistency was moderate with Cronbach’s alpha 0.611 (n = 102) and ICC 0.611 for average measures (95% CI 0.493–0.713).

Conclusion

The Romanian translation of the IKDC—subjective knee form is a valid, consistent and reproducible outcome measure in patients with knee pain and dysfunction.
Comparison of Symbiodiniaceae diversities in different members of a Palythoa species complex (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Zoantharia)—implications for ecological adaptations to different microhabitats
Authors: Mizuyama Masaru , Iguchi Akira , Iijima Mariko , Gibu Kodai , Reimer James Davis
Published: February 2020

In this study we compared genotypes of zoantharian host-associating algal symbionts among Palythoa species, which are among the dominant benthic reef organisms in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, and evaluated Symbiodiniaceae diversities of closely related congeneric Palythoa species. We targeted a species complex of the zoantharian genus Palythoa (P. tuberculosa, P. sp. yoron, P. mutuki) living among different microhabitats in a narrow reef area of Tokunoshima Island. For phylogenetic analyses, we used two DNA marker regions; nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid mini-circle non-coding region (psbAncr), both of which have previously been used to determine Symbiodiniaceae genotypes of zoantharian species. Our results showed that all Palythoa species hosted symbionts of the genus Cladocopium, with genotypic compositions of this genus showing some variations among the three different Palythoa species. Additionally, we found that the Cladocopium genotypic composition was statistically different among Palythoa species, and among P. tuberculosa specimens in different microhabitats. Our results suggest that ecological divergence among these three Palythoa species may be related to differing Symbiodiniaceae diversities that may in turn contribute to eco-physiological adaptation into different microhabitats on coral reefs.
Key genes and co-expression modules involved in asthma pathogenesis
Authors: Huang Yuyi , Liu Hui , Zuo Li , Tao Ailin
Published: February 2020

Machine learning and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) have been widely used due to its well-known accuracy in the biological field. However, due to the nature of a gene’s multiple functions, it is challenging to locate the exact genes involved in complex diseases such as asthma. In this study, we combined machine learning and WGCNA in order to analyze the gene expression data of asthma for better understanding of associated pathogenesis. Specifically, the role of machine learning is assigned to screen out the key genes in the asthma development, while the role of WGCNA is to set up gene co-expression network. Our results indicated that hormone secretion regulation, airway remodeling, and negative immune regulation, were all regulated by critical gene modules associated with pathogenesis of asthma progression. Overall, the method employed in this study helped identify key genes in asthma and their roles in the asthma pathogenesis.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Inter Row Spacing on Leave Length and Width of Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana) Tan in the Dry Sub Humid Zone of Sokoto Nigeria
Authors: Mabu Isa M. , Yusuf Kakagida Abubakar , Ibrahim J.
Published: February 2020

A field experiment was conducted during the 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons at Centre for Agriculture and Pastoral Research (CAPAR) of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and inter-row spacing on Leave length and Leave width of Rhodes grass as indices of growth. A factorial combination of five fertilizer levels (0, 100, 120, 140 and 160 kgNha-1) and three inter row spacing (30, 50 and 70 cm) were used, making fifteen treatments combinations, which were laid out in a RCBD replicated four times. Determination of leave length and leave width was done at 3, 6, 9 and 12WAS using a meter rule. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the GenStat 64-bit Release 17.1 (software) to elucidate the valid information from the data. The result revealed that, application of 160 KgNha-1 generally produced plants with longer and broader (P<0.05) leaves compared to the rest of the treatments, however there was generally significant (P>0.05) effect of inter row spacing in both 2016, 2017 and the years combined, inter-row spacing of 70 cm showed superiority amongst the treatments in the leaves length and leave width parameters investigated as compared to 50 and 30 cm spacings.
Inhibition of Immunosuppressive Tumors by Polymer‐Assisted Inductions of Immunogenic Cell Death and Multivalent PD‐L1 Crosslinking
Authors: Li Lian , Li Yachao , Yang Chieh‐Hsiang , Radford D. Christopher , Wang Jiawei , Janát‐Amsbury Margit , Kopeček Jindřich , Yang Jiyuan
Published: February 2020

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapies harness the host's own immune system to fight cancer, but only work against tumors infiltrated by swarms of preexisting T cells. Unfortunately, most cancers to date are immune‐deserted. Here, a polymer‐assisted combination of immunogenic chemotherapy and PD‐L1 degradation is reported for efficacious treatment in originally nonimmunogenic cancer. “Priming” tumors with backbone‐degradable polymer‐epirubicin conjugates elicits immunogenic cell death and fosters tumor‐specific CD8+ T cell response. Sequential treatment with a multivalent polymer‐peptide antagonist to PD‐L1 overcomes adaptive PD‐L1 enrichment following chemotherapy, biases the recycling of PD‐L1 to lysosome degradation via surface receptor crosslinking, and produces prolonged elimination of PD‐L1 rather than the transient blocking afforded by standard anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies. Together, these findings establish the polymer‐facilitated tumor targeting of immunogenic drugs and surface crosslinking of PD‐L1 as a potential new therapeutic strategy to propagate long‐term antitumor immunity, which might broaden the application of immunotherapy to immunosuppressive cancers.
Elastic Superhydrophobic and Photocatalytic Active Films Used as Blood Repellent Dressing
Authors: Liu Jie , Ye Lijun , Sun Yuling , Hu Minghan , Chen Fei , Wegner Seraphine , Mailänder Volker , Steffen Werner , Kappl Michael , Butt Hans‐Jürgen
Published: February 2020

Durable and biocompatible superhydrophobic surfaces are of significant potential use in biomedical applications. Here, a nonfluorinated, elastic, superhydrophobic film that can be used for medical wound dressings to enhance their hemostasis function is introduced. The film is formed by titanium dioxide nanoparticles, which are chemically crosslinked in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix. The PDMS crosslinks result in large strain elasticity of the film, so that it conforms to deformations of the substrate. The photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide provides surfaces with both self‐cleaning and antibacterial properties. Facile coating of conventional wound dressings is demonstrated with this composite film and then resulting improvement for hemostasis. High gas permeability and water repellency of the film will provide additional benefit for medical applications.