bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Home-based supportive and health care services based on functional ability in older adults in Iran
Authors: Mobasseri Khorshid , Matlabi Hossein , Allahverdipour Hamid , Kousha Ahmad
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Home-based care is affordable due to population aging, increased chronic disease, and higher hospitalization costs. The objective was to evaluate home-based supportive and health care services provided to older adults and identify possible associations between activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADL (IADLs) classifications, sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics, and perceived social support among older adults.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In this cross-sectional study, 700 people aged 60 years and older were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Areas of Tabriz City were selected as clusters, and 55 comprehensive urban health centers were selected as stratifies. Chi-square, Pearson’s and Spearman’s tests, and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analyses. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 24.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The study instrument included demographic characteristics of older adults and caregivers, health services provided at home, and two valid questionnaires, including the KATZ index of independence in (instrumental) activities of daily living and a multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Scores on scales and demographic variables were collected during telephone interviews. The study lasted from April 25, 2022, to October 30, 2022.

RESULTS:

A high level of perceived social support was 56.6%. The study found that 51.3% of participants had family caregivers. Most participants had ADL independence (85.4%), while 22.9% and 24.3% were dependent and needed assistance with IADL, respectively. Women had a lower ADL score and a higher IADL score than men (P < 0.05). The obtained results of multiple regression analysis revealed a negative and significant association between unemployment, illiteracy, increasing age, five and more medications, and ADL and IADL dependency (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Empowering older adults to reduce dependency, and designing a formal home-based care system is recommended.
The effect of full-spectrum cannabis leaf extract on pain, inflammation, and quality of sleep: Case series
Authors: Mishra Vaibhav , Puri Arzoo , Sharma Kartik
Published: April 2024

Inflammation and pain are two of the most typical signs of a pain syndrome. Conventional treatments have been related to an increase in adverse effects like gastrointestinal issues. Medical cannabis (MC) has gained popularity as a new alternative treatment for pain syndrome patients. We hereby present a series of five cases with comparable clinical symptoms. All patients had raised C-reactive protein levels, severe pain, insomnia, and varying degrees of muscle stiffness. The patients were prescribed Cannazo India’s Painaid 3000 mg/15 mL, full-spectrum MC leaf extract-based tincture. The oil-based tincture was given sublingually at night for 1 month, and the initial dose of 5–10 drops was gradually reduced owing to Painaid’s rapid pain relief and anti-inflammatory actions. For symptom assessment, the screening tools Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Ashworth Scale, and Regensburg Insomnia Scale were employed. This study’s primary result was a 70%–99% reduction in pain, spasticity, and inflammation. There were no documented side effects. In addition, the patients’ sleep patterns and sleep quality improved with time. In a nutshell, full-spectrum cannabis extract-based medicines like Painaid, when taken as indicated, are the key in treating pain conditions.
Efficacy of Fibro-Gide® in coronally advanced flap for the treatment of multiple gingival recession: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Harris Johnmanohar Johnisha , Navya Paladugu Devi , Rajasekar Arvina
Published: April 2024

Aim:

The study aims to compare connective tissue graft (CTG) with Fibro-Gide® as an adjunct to the coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique for treating class I and class II gingival recession based on Miller’s classification.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 participants with bilateral Miller’s class I or class II multiple gingival recession contributing to 60 multiple gingival recession sites were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. Recession sites were categorized into two groups. Group 1 (CAF+ CTG; n = 30 sites) and group 2 (CAF+ Fibro-Gide®; n = 30 sites). Clinical parameters, such as gingival recession depth (GRD), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession width (GRW), and keratinized tissue (KT) were evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months. Statistical analysis was performed for intergroup comparison using an independent t test and for intra-group comparison using paired t test.

Results:

At baseline, the mean GRD for groups 1 and 2 were 3.5 ± 0.8 and 3.4 ± 0.8, whereas GRW for group 1 and group 2 were 3.1 ± 0.1 and 3.1 ± 0.2 respectively. At 12-month follow-up, the reduction in GRD and GRW was statistically significant. The gain of KT accounted to 3.9 ± 5.5 and 3.0 ± 0.8 in group 1 and group 2, respectively, but CAL showed a significant decrease from 5.4 ± 1.02 and 5.4 ± 1.03 to 2.3 ± 0.7 and 2.4 ± 0.7 in group 1 and group 2, respectively.

Conclusion:

Fibro-Gide® along with CAF improved gingival recession in terms of depth and width as comparable with those of CTG. In terms of KT, CTG has better long-term stability than Fibro-Gide® when combined with the CAF technique in treating multiple gingival recessions.
In vivo comparative assessment of bracket bond failure rates of single-component adhesives
Authors: Kumar Arshya A , Jain Ravindra Kumar , Prasanna Aravind T R
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:

Single-component adhesives do not require the application of a primer on the enamel surface that has been etched and has been reported to have acceptable shear bond strengths on in vitro evaluation.

Aim:

This split-mouth study aimed to examine and assess the rates of bracket bond failure of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-based (Aqualine LC) and bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA)-based (Orthofix SPA) single-component adhesives used to bond orthodontic brackets over 6 months.

Materials and Methods:

This in vivo study involved the participation of 50 adult subjects, with 1080 metallic brackets directly bonded to the labial/facial surface in a split-mouth design. After 6 months of treatment, 49 patients with 490 brackets bonded using a HEMA-based adhesive and 490 brackets bonded using a BisGMA-based adhesive were evaluated for bracket bond failures. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were done to compare the results.

Results:

The overall bracket bond failure rate (BFR) with single-component adhesives was 6.02%. Bracket BFRs of HEMA-based and BisGMA-based adhesives were 4.16% and 7.8%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Significant differences in BFRs between maxillary teeth (4.28%) and mandibular teeth (7.75%) were noted (P < 0.05). No significant differences in bond failures between either side or region were noted.

Conclusion:

Bond failures were more in brackets bonded with BisGMA-based adhesive (Orthofix SPA) compared with HEMA-based adhesive (Aqualine LC). Bond failures were less in the maxillary arch.
Follow-up of Methanol-related Visual Defects in a Cohort Study: Initial Severity Predicts Long-term Outcome
Authors: Gheshlaghi Farzad , Wong Anselm , Firuzfar Rezvan , Jenab Keyvan , Gheshlaghi Shayan , Shahverdi Golnoosh , Eizadi-Mood Nastaran
Published: April 2024

Objective:

Methanol poisoning can occur either intentionally through the consumption of methanol-containing products or accidentally through ingestion, resulting in visual impairment. We assessed the long-term visual sequelae in patients with methanol poisoning.

Methods:

This prospective cohort study was conducted at referral centers, Khorshid and Alzahra University Hospitals, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. The study included patients hospitalized for methanol poisoning from June 22, 2018, to June 21, 2020, with follow-up extended until June 2021. Toxico-clinical and ophthalmologic examination data were collected from patients upon hospital admission, discharge, and during follow-up.

Findings:

Thirty-nine patients were assessed in this study. The majority of them (94.9%) were male, with an average age of 34 years. Patients who presented with reduced visual acuity (VA) upon admission subsequently showed abnormalities (in acuity and visual fields) during follow-up (n= 13). Among the patients who displayed visual field defects on admission, bilateral optic disc atrophy was observed in follow-up (n= 13). Conversely, patients who reported blurred vision, with or without photophobia upon admission, had normal results in their follow-up eye examinations. Among the 36 patients who underwent dialysis, 14 (38.9%) exhibited visual impairment during follow-up examinations. Additionally, 38 patients received sodium bicarbonate, and 14 of them (36.85%) also presented ocular abnormalities.

Conclusion:

Patients who demonstrated VA deficits upon admission are more likely to experience long-term VA and visual field defects, as well as optic disc atrophy. Patients who solely complained of blurred vision, with or without photophobia, during admission were less likely to develop long-term visual defects.
Ocular Loiasis in an Urban Dweller: A Case Report
Authors: Udoh Martha-Mary , Ezeh Ernest Ikechukwu , Ngaji Mmephony Peter
Published: April 2024

Loiasis is a neglected tropical, vector-borne parasitic disease due to a nematode Loa loa and is transmitted to humans by deerfly, genus Chrysops. Most of the studies and reports on L. loa in literature have been in rural communities. We herein report a case of a 23-year-old Nigerian female urban dweller, recently diagnosed with ocular loiasis. This report highlights the possibility of the occurrence of sporadic cases of ocular loiasis in urban settlements in the rainforest areas of southern Nigeria.
A comprehensive review on combination of lobeglitazone and glimepiride in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sharma Chetan , Badyal Dinesh K.
Published: April 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic condition with increasing global incidence, necessitating effective and well-tolerated treatment options. In recent years, the combination of lobeglitazone sulfate and glimepiride has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach. Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are already treated with a thiazolidinedione and sulphonylurea or who have inadequate glycemic control on a thiazolidinedione alone or a sulphonylurea alone. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone sulfate + glimepiride tablets in the management of T2DM.
Allopurinol-induced hypersensitivity reaction in a patient of underlying renal impairment
Authors: Hemnani Rohit R. , Sood Shikha V. , Gupta Sapna D. , Malhotra Supriya D.
Published: April 2024

A 74-year-old elderly female admitted to a tertiary care hospital with a history of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug abuse taking allopurinol for hyperuricemia presented with, rashes and renal impairment. Allopurinol which was originally discovered for neoplastic conditions such as leukemia, and eventually marketed for gout, is a medication used to treat hyperuricemia, prevention of gout, certain kinds of kidney stones, and elevated uric acid levels that may arise after chemotherapy. It is taken orally or intravenously. Allopurinol may lead to hypersensitivity reactions consisting of rashes, fever, malaise, and muscle pain, and its incidence increases in patients with renal impairment. Rarely, allopurinol may also lead to serious side effects such as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Drug-drug interactions, as well as drug-disease interactions, are also associated with allopurinol. The following case report illustrates the fact that allopurinol increases the chance of rashes in a patient with underlying renal impairment.
Late Presentation of a Primary Spinal Epidural Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Niryana I Wayan , Wiyanjana Kadek Dede Frisky , Kusuma Yosi Wanda , Wahyudana I Nyoman Gde , Indrasusanto Jevon
Published: April 2024

Primary spinal epidural lymphomas (PSELs) constitute a unique subset of epidural tumors characterized by the exclusive presence of lymphoma within the epidural space at initial presentation, with no concurrent lymphoma in other sites. We aim to present a unique of PSEL and compare it with the present literature This case report presents a 65-year-old female with delayed-onset primary spinal epidural non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The patient exhibited paraplegia and walking difficulties, following a year of lower-extremity weakness and tingling sensations. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the L1 through L3. Surgical decompression, stabilization, and tumor resection were performed. Microscopic examination confirmed NHL. Chemotherapy with the CHOP regimen was administered postsurgery. Subsequent follow-up revealed motoric and sensory improvements. PSEL primarily affects the thoracic spine and is more common in males. Patient age and gender impact prognosis. PSEL typically exhibits two phases – prodromal and rapid neurological deterioration. Surgical intervention coupled with chemotherapy is recommended, but the optimal surgical approach varies. Combined therapy could lead to improved disease-free survival. Cases of PSEL have shown potential for local and systemic relapse. Late presentation can still yield improvements with surgical and prompt chemotherapeutic intervention. Even without a prior history of malignancy or significant disease, PSEL should still be considered in patients presenting with spinal compression symptoms. Cases of delayed presentation, like the one presented here, can still benefit from surgical and prompt chemotherapeutic intervention.
Metastatic Myxoid Liposarcoma on the Upper Thoracic Spine Treated with a Less Invasive Technique
Authors: Wibawa Ida Bagus Gede Adiguna , Awyono Steven , Sebayang Samuel Edhi Surata , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus , Kusuma Yosi Wanda
Published: April 2024

Liposarcoma, a common soft-tissue sarcoma, includes myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) as its second-most frequent subtype. MLS primarily affects the thigh region during the fourth to fifth decades of life and often metastasizes to the spine. Managing spinal metastases is complex, with pedicle screw anchoring strength being a key concern. Various techniques address this issue, including the use of exoskeleton cement with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). We present a case of a 37-year-old male with MLS metastatic to the spine, experiencing lower-extremity weakness despite prior tumor excision and chemotherapy. Posterior decompression and fusion were performed, revealing inadequate screw anchoring. To address this, we applied exoskeleton cement with PMMA, resulting in improved pain but limited motor and sensory recovery. Spinal metastases, especially in the context of liposarcoma, significantly impact patient well-being. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment, but challenges arise due to tumor size and anatomical complexities. Bone mineral density (BMD) and pedicle screw stability are closely related, emphasizing the importance of addressing BMD-related issues in surgical planning. Augmented cement, such as PMMA, can enhance screw anchoring, but the risk of cement leakage must be considered. Exoskeleton cement is a promising technique but necessitates further research for comprehensive evaluation and refinement. In conclusion, the rise in spinal metastatic disease underscores the need for effective management strategies. MLS’s propensity to metastasize to the spine highlights the importance of tailored treatment approaches. Techniques like exoskeleton cement show promise in addressing screw anchoring issues but require additional investigation.
The impact of Charles Bonnet syndrome in patients with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Pereira Gilberto Sales , Serracarbassa Pedro Durães , Mascato Vitória Herrera Sadala , de Faria Bruna Alvernaz , Silva Fabrício Afonso Borges , de Andrade Eric Pinheiro , Silva Sonia Maria César de Azevedo
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition related to patients having complex visual hallucinations and visual loss due to ophthalmologic disease, without cognitive impairment. CBS is an important differential diagnosis of dementia syndromes, and the correct diagnosis has a great impact on the quality of life of those who suffer from the stigma of psychiatric disease.

Objective:

The objective of the present study is to determine the impact and review symptoms of CBS in patients with visual loss due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by using a questionnaire.

Method:

Sixty patients suffering from AMD were forwarded from the Retina Sector of the Ophthalmology Service of the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo to the Low Vision Sector for a cognitive assessment questionnaire.

Results:

Of the 60 patients studied, 10 were diagnosed with CBS, thus representing 16.6% of the incidence of CBS cases in individuals with AMD. Among these 10 cases, males represented 30% versus females who represented 70% of the total. Patients over 80 years old represented 50% of those who were diagnosed with CBS. CBS represents an important co-diagnosis in AMD patients.

Conclusion:

The research highlights the utility of the cognitive assessment questionnaire as a valuable tool for easily diagnosing the syndrome in patients with AMD. This tool facilitates the identification of the condition, enabling the recommendation of appropriate clinical treatments and the provision of essential psychosocial support.
Eosinophilic Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Treatable Trait
Authors: Govindan Bindu Cheriattil , Augustine Preethi
Published: April 2024

COPD remains to be a giant public health burden and is the third leading cause of death worldwide. The presence of eosinophilic inflammation indicates a distinct pathophysiologic phenotype in COPD with a differential risk profile and response to therapy. Blood eosinophilia, clinical judgement and other patient centred factors helps in developing individualized treatment plans for patients with COPD. Appropriate management of eosinophilic airway inflammation will have an impact on lung function decline and exacerbations, thereby causing significant improvement in morbidity and mortality associated with COPD.
An Adult with Exertional Breathlessness after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Gowrinath Karanam
Published: April 2024

Iatrogenic complications such as phrenic nerve injury are common during cardiac surgery. Sometimes, unilateral phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery may result in persistent weakness or paralysis which may manifest as exertional breathlessness months later with mild restrictive ventilatory defect on spirometry and elevated hemidiaphragm on chest X-ray.
Risk factors for reoperation after discectomy of lumbar herniated intervertebral disc disease
Authors: Peng Cheng-Huan , Chen Ing-Ho , Yu Tzai-Chiu , Wang Jen-Hung , Wu Wen-Tien , Yeh Kuang-Ting
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Discectomy is the most common surgery for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) disease. However, 5%–24% of patients undergo a second surgery due to recurrent disc herniation.

Materials and Methods:

This study was aimed to identify the risk factors for reoperation after discectomy of lumbar HIVD and recommend treatment for patients with a high risk of reoperation. We recruited patients diagnosed as having single-level lumbar HIVD who underwent open discectomy from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2012 in our hospital. We used a survival curve to inspect the survival time and reoperation rate after surgery. We discussed the correlation of reoperation rate with discectomy level, body mass index, heavy lifting after surgery, sex, and age. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between the experience of a surgeon and the reoperation rate.

Results:

A total of 619 patients were enrolled in our study. Most patients were 40–60 years old (48.8%), and most of them had herniation at L4/5 level (48.9%). The 8-year survival rate was 92%. Weight lifting after surgery may increase the reoperation rate by 115 and 18 times for those >60 years and <40 years, respectively. In addition, less experience of the surgeon and female sex had a high reoperation rate.

Conclusion:

Postoperative working modification may be very important for preventing patients from recurrent HIVD. For elderly people with HIVD, a more conservative therapy could be selected. If patients with lumbar spine hypermobility or severe degeneration require wide laminectomy, primary fusion should be considered.
Utilization of apitherapy in allergic asthma: A systematic review of clinical and preclinical studies
Authors: Widjanarko Nicolas Daniel , Subagya Jonathan Christianto , Maksi Josephine Immanuel , Suryatenggara Felicia Grizelda , Sihole Sharon Claudia Ethelyn
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

This systematic review aimed to summarize the benefit of apitherapy in human and animal models of asthma.

Materials and Methods:

The procedures in this review were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 protocol, where MEDLINE, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost databases were used to obtain eligible studies dating to 2023. Furthermore, the risk of bias was assessed using Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 (RoB-2) for randomized-control trials and Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation’s RoB for animal studies.

Results:

A total of 12 studies were included in the review based on the predetermined eligibility criteria, consisting of 4 human and 8 animal model reports. Among the four human studies, two had a low risk, while the other two had some concerns of bias. In the case of eight animal model of asthma, a total of three domains had a high risk of bias. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory properties of apitherapy were demonstrated by its capacity to inhibit NF-κB, nuclear factor of activated T cells, and IgE antibodies, leading to decreased production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and IL-8, and an increase in IL-10 levels. These beneficial effects were reported to be associated with improvements in clinical manifestations and lung function parameters in human subjects. The use of apitherapy was also related to the restoration of airway structure, and reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration, epithelial thickness, and mucus secretion in lung tissue of animal model of asthma.

Conclusion:

Based on the results, apitherapy was effective in improving asthma symptoms and reducing inflammation in human and animal models of asthma.
Polypharmacy as Formal Training and a Model of Practice
Authors: Schuh Michael J. , Crosby Sheena K.
Published: April 2024

Traditional definitions of polypharmacy may largely not account for the market proliferation of herbal and dietary supplements, cannabis products, or incorporate the new science of pharmacogenomics (PGx). Polypharmacy is encountered by most pharmacists providing patient care in many
settings. The “polypharmacist” can assist patients and providers with solving medication-related problems (MRPs) in this new and challenging environment of supplements and cannabis products by utilizing traditional pharmacology and pharmacokinetic principles, including PGx, broadly
across many medical disciplines. One may encounter polypharmacy more in the geriatric population, though in an age of supplements and cannabis proliferation, polypharmacy is increasingly being encountered at younger ages. Not only is polypharmacy training at best fragmented in pharmacy curricula,
but it may also not account for the above-mentioned products that may use the same metabolic pathways to increase drug interactions and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) regarding prescription medications. Polypharmacy being more formally prioritized in pharmacist training may better prepare pharmacists
for commonly encountered polypharmacy and can be a viable model of practice.
Implementation of a Pilot PharmD Medication Optimization Telehealth Clinic Within a Veterans Affairs System
Authors: Faulkner Wesley, , DiScala Sandra L. , Quellhorst Jennifer A. , Dakroub Belal
Published: April 2024

Background Patients older than 65 years of age with an anticipated life-expectancy of 12 months or less may have complex medication regimens and an increased risk of adverse drug reactions, and drug-drug interactions. Within the Department of Veterans Affairs, a commonly
used medication optimization model is known as the VIONE methodology. Objective This project aimed to pilot implementation of board-certified clinical pharmacist practitioners utilizing the VIONE model within a patient-aligned care team targeting patients 65 years of age
and older. Methods The population was identified through the VIONE dashboards. Veteran inclusion criteria included five or more medications, a VIONE risk score of 5 or greater, and CAN scores of greater than 90. The project team reached out via telephone to the patients
for a medication regimen review and a 14-day follow-up call. Primary outcomes were quantity of medications discontinued per patient, classes of medications that were discontinued, number and encounter time spent, and cost avoidance over 1 year. Secondary outcomes were VIONE classification
of medications, VIONE discontinuation reason, number of recommendations given and accepted by primary provider, and safety analysis. Results There were 53 patients who were successfully contacted via telephone. The top four most discontinued medication classes included
1) vitamins/supplements, 2) ophthalmology medications, 3) gastrointestinal medications, and 4) non-controlled analgesic medications. During the project period the potential cost avoidance over 1 year was $17,716. CONCLUSION: This project demonstrated that usage of VIONE methodology
ensures medication optimization with minimal harm and provides significant cost savings in the ambulatory care setting.
Топология слоения Лиувилля в обобщенной задаче трех вихрей со связью
Authors: Palshin Gleb Pavlovich
Published: April 2024

Рассматривается вполне интегрируемая по Лиувиллю модель гамильтоновой механики с двумя степенями свободы, которая описывает движение двух точечных вихрей при наличии третьего вихря, закрепленного в начале координат. Система обобщает движение гидродинамических вихрей в безграничной идеальной жидкости и магнитных вихрей в ферромагнитной среде. В работе исследуется топология слоения Лиувилля данной системы при помощи бифуркационной диаграммы отображения момента. Доказан ряд утверждений относительно общего вида бифуркационной диаграммы и свойств критических траекторий в прообразе бифуркационных кривых. Эти
утверждения позволяют доказать наличие двух важных бифуркаций торов Лиувилля, проходящих через особый слой вида
$\mathbb S^1 \times (\mathbb S^1 \dot{\cup} \mathbb S^1 \dot{\cup} \mathbb S^1)$. В первом случае при прохождении через особый слой один тор Лиувилля перестраивается в три тора. Во втором случае два тора перестраиваются в два тора.
Библиография: 46 названий.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Algeria
Authors: Sebaa Soumia , Behnke Jerzy M. , Labed Amina , Abu-Madi Marawan A.
Published: April 2024

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite affecting all warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. Infections in humans can lead to severe clinical manifestations in pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. The aim of the present study was to assess seroprevalence of T. gondii infection and to identify the associated risk factors among pregnant women from southern Algeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to May 2022 among 1,345 pregnant women. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on risk factors associated with infection. Participants were screened for anti T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay. The overall IgG and IgM seroprevalence was 13.6% and 0.89%, respectively. A significant association was found between seroprevalence of anti T. gondii IgG and history of spontaneous abortion (P = 0.016). Moreover, an increasing trend of seroprevalence was detected in the autumnal season (P = 0.030), and eating raw or undercooked meat was found to be significantly associated with anti–T. gondii IgM seropositivity (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that women who had experienced spontaneous abortion, regularly ate undercooked meat, and used bottled water in summer were more likely to contract infection with T. gondii. The majority (86.4%) of the studied pregnant women were serologically negative for toxoplasmosis and hence were susceptible to primary acute infection during pregnancy and possible fetal anomalies. Therefore, health education and awareness of the disease and its transmission to women, especially during pregnancy, is imperative.
Deletions of Histidine-Rich Protein 2/3 Genes in Natural Plasmodium falciparum Populations from Cameroon and India: Role of Asymptomatic and Submicroscopic Infections
Authors: Kojom Foko Loick Pradel , Eboumbou Moukoko Carole Else , Jakhan Jahnvi , Narang Geetika , Hawadak Joseph , Kouemo Motse Francine Dorgelesse , Pande Veena , Singh Vineeta
Published: April 2024

The bulk of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) target histidine-rich protein 2 of Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria species. The WHO considers pfhrp2/3 deletions as one of the main threats to successful malaria control and/or elimination; as such, parasites that lack part or all of the pfhrp2 gene are missed by pfHRP2-targeting RDTs. Such deletions have been reported in several African and Asian countries, but little is known in Cameroon and India. Blood samples were collected from individuals living in four areas of Cameroon (Douala, Maroua, Mayo-Oulo, Pette) and India (Mewat, Raipur, Ranchi, Rourkela). Deletions in pfhrp2/3 genes were confirmed if samples 1) had ≥100 parasites/µL by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 2) PCR negative for pfhrp2/3, and 3) PCR positive for at least two single-copy genes. The overall proportion of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions in Cameroon was 13.5% and 3.1%. In India, the overall proportion was 8% for pfhrp2 and 4% for pfhrp3. The overall proportions of samples with both gene deletions (pfhrp2–/3–) were 3.1% in Cameroon and 1.3% in India. In Cameroon, pfhrp2–/3+ and pfhrp2–/3– deletions were common in Maroua (P = 0.02), in asymptomatic parasitemia (P = 0.006) and submicroscopic parasitemia (P <0.0001). In both countries, pfhrp2/3 deletions, including pfhrp2–/3– deletions, were mainly seen in monoclonal infections. This study outlines that double deletions that result in false negative RDTs are uncommon in our settings, and highlights the importance of active molecular surveillance for pfhrp2/3 deletions in Cameroon and India.
Determination of Air–Fuel Ratio at 1 kHz via Mid-Infrared Laser
Absorption and Fast Flame Ionization Detector Measurements in Engine-Out Vehicle
Exhaust
Authors: Stiborek Joshua W. , Kempema Nathan J. , Schwartz Charles J. , Szente Joseph J. , Loos Michael J. , Goldenstein Christopher S.
Published: April 2024

Measurements of air–fuel ratio (AFR) and λ
(AFRactual/AFRstoich) are crucial for understanding
internal combustion engine (ICE) performance. However, current
λ sensors suffer from long light-off times (on the order of
seconds following a cold start) and limited time resolution. In this study, a
four-color mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) sensor was developed
to provide 5 kHz measurements of temperature, CO, CO2, and NO in
engine-out exhaust. This LAS sensor was then combined with 1 kHz hydrocarbon
(HC) measurements from a flame ionization detector (FID), and the Spindt exhaust
gas analysis method to provide 1 kHz measurements of λ. To the
authors’ knowledge, this is the first time-resolved measurement of
λ during engine cold starts using the full Spindt method.
Three tests with various engine AFR calibrations were conducted and analyzed:
(1) 10% lean, (2) stoichiometric, and (3) 10% rich. The measurements were
acquired in the exhaust of a light-duty truck with an 8-cylinder gasoline
engine. The LAS-FID-based λ sensor results were compared with
those obtained from a universal exhaust gas oxygen (UEGO) sensor. The LAS-FID
method provided robust λ measurements from the first combustion
exhaust event (avoiding the light-off time associated with traditional
λ sensors) in addition to enhanced temporal resolution (on
the order of 100× increase compared to traditional diffusion-based
λ sensors). The insight gained from this novel method could
be used to benefit crank, cold start, and open- or closed-loop air–fuel ratio
control strategies in gasoline engines for reduced emissions.
Analysis of the Availability and Gaps of Educational Facilities in Teluk Bintuni Regency Papua
Authors: Ibrahim Riza Adrian , Sidiq Fahmi , Vaidyanatahan Sundarapandian
Published: April 2024

Education is recognized as a human right and the main key to a nation's progress. The availability of adequate educational facilities in each region is crucial to ensure equal access to education for all citizens. However, Indonesia faces significant challenges in providing equitable educational facilities, especially considering the diverse geographical and demographic conditions between regions. Teluk Bintuni Regency in West Papua Province is one of the areas that requires special attention in improving educational access and facilities, especially because of its geographical conditions, the majority of which are islands with mountains and sea waters. This research aims to analyze the availability of educational facilities in Teluk Bintuni Regency, with a focus on the type and level of schools. Data obtained from the Education Department shows that by 2023, this district will only have 263 schools, consisting of kindergartens, elementary schools, middle schools, high schools and vocational schools. This figure is still considered insufficient and equitable, especially when compared with the population of around 60,000 people spread across 23 sub-districts. The main challenge in providing equitable educational facilities in Teluk Bintuni Regency involves diverse geographic and demographic conditions. Therefore, it is hoped that this research can provide an in-depth evaluation of the current condition of educational facilities, identify existing gaps, and formulate the need for improving educational facilities in the future based on population growth projections. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide a strong basis for policy making by the Teluk Bintuni Regency Government, especially in terms of planning and budgeting for the equitable development of educational facilities. It is also hoped that the conclusions from this research can become a reference for related agencies, such as the Education Office, Bappeda, and the Teluk Bintuni Regency DPRD, in preparing strategic plans for educational development for the next five years.
Assessment of the matrix effect in quantifying lipophilic toxins in seafood
Authors: Kvrgić Kristina , Mišetić Ostojić Dijana , Džafić Natalija , Pleadin Jelka
Published: April 2024

Phycotoxin accumulation in seafood can cause human intoxication and significant economic losses in seafood-producing areas. To protect consumer safety, maximum permitted levels in bivalve molluscs have been set, with appropriate analytical methods for their determination and quantification. The reference method for lipophilic phycotoxins, commonly referred to as lipophilic toxins, is liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS method), where coeluting components from the matrix can affect the efficiency of ionisation, resulting in erroneous quantification. In this study, the matrix effect was evaluated using the slope ratio analysis method, which involves comparing the slopes of the calibration curves in the matrix with those in pure solvent. The extent of the matrix effect was investigated in mussels, oysters, queen scallops and ascidians. The study covered all phycotoxins under Regulation EU 853/2004 for which certified standards are commercially available, including unregulated pectenotoxin 2. The results indicated that all lipophilic toxins were susceptible to this effect when LC-MS/MS was used for their determination. Significant ion suppression was evident for most analytes in all matrices, except for okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin 2 in bivalves, where significant ion enhancement was demonstrated, and dinophysistoxin 1 in oyster and scallop extract where no significant effect on ionisation was observed. Further analysis revealed no significant differences between the slope of mussel matrix-matched calibration and that of other bivalve matrices. Given this minor difference, the mussel matrix-matched calibration curve could be applied to minimise the matrix effect and to quantify phycotoxins in bivalve matrices analysed here, with the exception of the okadaic acid group in ascidians, which requires matrix-matched calibration prepared with the blank extract of these mentioned species. Given the risks phycotoxins pose to human health, ongoing analytical method development is necessary in this field to properly control food safety and ensure consumer health.
Urinary tract bacterial infections in small animal practice
Authors: Pereira Ana , Jota Baptista Catarina , Oliveira Paula Alexandra , Coelho Ana Cláudia
Published: April 2024

The urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease in dogs and cats, and it can occur as isolated infections or recurrently. Recurrent cases are particularly common in cases with underlying health conditions. The diagnosis of UTIs in dogs and cats generally involves an integrated interpretation of clinical signs, urinalysis, and bacterial cultures. Diagnostic imaging can also help assessing or discarding anatomical lesions. One of the many microorganisms that can cause UTIs is Escherichia coli. Females, geriatric patients, and animals with comorbidities usually have an increased risk of UTI. Antimicrobial prescription is common for the treatment of UTIs in companion animals. However, nowadays, there is a growing concern about antimicrobial resistance due to over-prescription driving selection for resistance. Therefore, correct prescription and appropriate patient management are essential. This review aims to provide a summary of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of UTIs, contributing to improving veterinary practices and antibiotic prescription in the context of UTIs in companion animals.
An Investigative Study for the Role of Bio inspired Algorithms for the Detection of Cyber Bullies
Authors: Veera Vasu Sriphalya Akula , Sri Lakshmi Meher Gayatri Mutya , Kumar Yogi Manas
Published: April 2024

This study delves into cyberbullying detection through the lens of bio inspired algorithms. Cyberbullying poses a significant threat to an individual's mental well being and societal harmony in the digital age. Due to online interactions' dynamic and nuanced nature, traditional detection methods often need to catch up. Drawing inspiration from natural processes, bio inspired algorithms offer a promising avenue to tackle this complex problem. This investigative study explores the efficacy of bio inspired algorithms, such as genetic algorithms, swarm intelligence, and artificial immune systems, in identifying cyberbullying instances across various online platforms. Through empirical analysis and experimentation, the study seeks to evaluate the performance of these algorithms in comparison to conventional approaches. Additionally, it endeavours to uncover the underlying mechanisms driving their effectiveness and potential areas for refinement. The results of this study can help design and develop accurate cyber bullying detection systems, thereby contributing to the creation of safer online environments for individuals of all ages.
Explorando las Conexiones Afectivas: Un Recorrido dentro del Aula en Espiral
Authors: Méndez Luévano Tanya Elizabeth , Reynoso Orozco Orlando
Published: April 2024

Las epistemologías afectivas y en espiral, han llegado desde hace algún tiempo como parte de nuestra práctica académica y de investigación ya que se centran en la exploración e intersección entre las emociones y el proceso de adquisición de conocimiento de las y los estudiantes. Este trabajo pretende tener implicaciones teóricas que permitan conocer y mostrar un escenario de la práctica profesional sentipensante a través de la promoción de experiencias educativas adaptadas a las vivencias de los y las estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos destacan la importancia de considerar las emociones en el proceso de aprendizaje y la utilidad de adoptar un enfoque en espiral para comprender la complejidad del conocimiento. En conclusión, nuestra investigación aporta una perspectiva integral retomando la perspectiva sentipensante de Fals Borda y las pedagogías en espiral de Belausteguigoitia que enriquece tanto el ámbito académico como la praxis diaria.
Estimation of Surge and Swab Pressures While Tripping for Minimizing Excessive Drilling Problems
Authors: Salih Fatima , Hadi Farqad
Published: April 2024

Surge and swab pressures result from pipe movement upward/downward during drill string reciprocation and tripping. surge and swab create costly drilling concerns such well kick, formation breakage, and lost circulation. This study aims to find the optimum pipe tripping speed to avoid surge and swab issues, particularly in lost circulation zones. Also, to determine how drilling factors and well bore geometry affect surge and swab pressures. Mud rheology, mud properties, hole diameters, drill pipe diameter, and bottom hole assembly (BHA) dimensions were also analyzed. Dynamic surge and swab model was employed to simulate two case studies in Rumaila Iraqi oilfield. The findings indicated that the tripping speed is the most effective variable on surge and swab pressures. Annular clearance and BHA design have also a major effect on the surge and swab pressures. For the first case study, it is found that whenever the mud weight is far from the pore pressure and fracture pressure gradients, the 5" drill pipe can be tripped in/out of lost circulation formation (Shuaibba formation) at optimum tripping speed of (80 ft/min) without surge/ swab related problems. The reason is that the generated surge pressures (6110-6300 psi) are below the fracture pressure (7100-7400 psi). The results also showed that tripping 5" drill pipe within a maximum running speed of 80 ft/min in (8.5") open hole section through Tanuma formation till Rumaila formation causes a surge pressures of (4650-5050 psi) which is still below the fracture pressures of formations (4750-5660 psi). the results of the second case study (S-shaped well) revealed that the optimum tripping speed of the drill string in the (12.25") open hole through Dammam and Hartha formations is (90 ft/min). it is also concluded that pulling out of hole (POOH) process must be carried out more carefully than the running process since the mud density is near the pore pressure gradient. The results of this study can be further used to improve the drilling efficiency in Rumaila oil field with decreasing non-productive time (NPT) by employing the appropriate tripping speed and optimal drilling operations.
Analysis of Homogenous an Earth Dam Using Finite Element Method (Case Study, Arus Missan Dam), Northern Missan, Iraq
Authors: Al-Sudani Zahraa
Published: April 2024

Arus Missan is a suggested earth dam that will be constructed in Ali-Al-Garbi city, northern Missan, Iraq, to avoid flood risks in the study area. In the same way, to harvest flooding and rainwater that comes from Iran territories. The finite element model SEEP/W is utilized to simulate seepage through the dam and the results of the model were analyzed to check the effectiveness of a homogenous earth dam in the proposed site. This model is an attempt to design a homogeneous earth dam comprised of silts. The material type of the model is the common soil type in the study area. Arus Missan dam is relatively safe according to the results of a simulation model, in the case of a homogenous silt dam. At the same time, to avoid an accumulation of silt sediment by the influence of slope, the dam needs careful design. For instance, slurry trench under the dam and drilling wells to minimize pore-water pressure in the dam foundation.
The Influence of Human Resources and Infrastructure Competence on the Performance of Licensing Services in the Investment Office and One-Stop Integrated Services of Central Maluku Regency
Authors: Karepesina K.F. Asiqien , Normawati Normawati , Ufie J.A. , Selanno Hendry
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the Effect of Human Resources and Infrastructure Competence on the Performance of Licensing Services in the Investment Office and One-Stop Integrated Services of Central Maluku Regency, both partially and simultaneously. This type of research is quantitative research. The respondents in this study were people/business actors who came to the Investment Office and One-Stop Integrated Services of Central Maluku Regency to apply for permits with the number of samples obtained as many as 80 people. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and processed using the SPSS statistical analysis application program. The results showed that partially and simultaneously the competence of Human Resources and infrastructure facilities had a positive and significant effect on the performance of licensing services at the Investment Office and One-Stop Integrated Services of Central Maluku Regency.
Antonio Iglesias, un reconocimiento a quien no para de aprender
Authors: Fajardo Estefanía
Published: April 2024

La Medalla Aníbal Ruiz Moreno lleva su nombre este año como reconocimiento a su trayectoria e impacto en la reumatología panamericana
Konstruksi Identitas Keagamaan Perempuan Berhijab Penggemar K-Pop: Studi tentang Corak Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Ekky Abi Wibowo
Published: April 2024

Hallyu di Indonesia menarik perhatian para akademisi untuk meneliti terkait persinggungan antara nilai-nilai budaya pop Korea yang cenderung kontra Islam dengan penggemarnya dari kalangan perempuan yang justru menampilkan simbol keagamaan melalui hijab. Studi ini menggambarkan adanya pola konstruksi identitas keagamaan yang berbeda antara para penggemar budaya pop Korea sehingga juga menampilkan pola menggemari yang berbeda-beda. Berbeda dengan studi sebelumnya yang fokus pada bagaimana mereka menegosiasikan nilai-nilai keislaman untuk menggemari idola K-Pop mereka. Studi ini justru mendalami adanya perbedaan pengetahuan dan pengalaman keislaman antara para penggemar K-Pop yang diinternalisasi sebagai identitas keagamaannya sehingga menampilkan pola menggemari yang berbeda-beda. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tinjauan literatur dan wawancara mendalam. Melalui teori konstruksi Peter L. Berger, penulis berpendapat bahwa pemaknaan subjektif terhadap pengetahuan dan pengalaman keagamaan dapat bervariatif tergantung proses objektivasi, internalisasi dan eksternalisasi para subjek. Ini kemudian memunculkan corak keislaman tertentu yang menjadi gambaran representasi kelompok penggemar atau disebut fandom. Ini menghasilkan dua corak beragama perempuan berhijab penggemar budaya pop Korea di Indonesia: 1) fandom muslim-moderat adalah mereka yang menjadikan Islam dan K-Pop adalah dua hal yang tidak bertentangan sehingga menerima hampir semua nilai-nilai budaya tersebut dan 2) fandom muslim-konservatif adalah mereka yang hanya menerima sebagian nilai-nilai budaya pop Korea.