bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and spectroscopic studies of Er3+ in different fluorophosphate glasses for green laser and fibre amplifier operations
Authors: Surya Narayana Devara B , Dinesh P Sai , Kumar M , Ratnakaram Y C
Published: October 2023

Erbium activated fluorophosphate glasses were synthesized with conceived characteristic combination, 59.5NH4H2PO4+15ZnO+15BaF2+10X+0.5Er2O3(X = LiF, NaF, CaF2, SrF2, AlF3) by melt quenching route. Based on the mass densities, and refractive indices, other physical properties i.e., dielectric constant (ε), reflection losses, molar refraction, internuclear distance and molar volume are determined. XRD has confirmed the non-crystalline character of the prepared glass samples. FTIR, FT-Raman have been employed to study the structural characteristics. Various radiative properties have been inferred through optical absorption measurements by standard Judd–Ofelt procedure. By excitation at 379 nm, all the glass hosts doped with constant concentration 0.5 mole% of Er3+have yielded intense green emission peak due to the transition 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 at 545 nm. Characteristic emission transition 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 at wavelength 1.53 μm has been studied extensively. Particularly the parameters related to that transition namely, stimulated emission cross-sections (σ
e) and optical gains (G) are calculated from emission spectra. Among all the fluorophosphate glasses, the one which has shown higher σ
e, and G values is sodium fluorophosphate (NFPE) glass. It is recommended for optical fiber amplification and NIR laser usage.
Q-switched pulse generation by stimulated Brillouin scattering assisted four-wave mixing effect in erbium–bismuth co-doped multi-elements silica glass based optical fiber laser
Authors: Ghosh A , Ali H N A , Arsad N , Samanta U K , Das S , Dhar A , Rosol A H A , Yasin M , Harun S W , Paul M C
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate Q-switched pulse generation at the 1562.5 nm region by using a 70 cm long erbium–bismuth co-doped alumina–germania–hafnium–yttria silica glass-based fiber as a gain medium in a simple ring resonator configured without saturable absorber and optical isolator devices. The Q-switching was obtained based on a stimulated Brillouin scattering assisted four-wave mixing effect in the gain medium, which induced the intensity modulation mechanism. The laser produced a multi-wavelength output comb centered at 1562.6 nm with a peak-to-peak spacing of about 0.09 nm due to nonlinear effects. Stable Q-switched operation of a hafnia–bismuth–erbium co-doped fiber laser was obtained at a pump power range of 129–319 mW with the repetition rate varying from 45.9 kHz to 89.3 kHz and the pulse width ranging from 8.8 µs to 3.58 µs. A maximum pulse energy of 26.9 nJ at an average output power of 2.4 dBm was achieved. This demonstrates a new passive technique based on a highly nonlinear gain medium for realizing Q-switched all-fiber laser sources.
Shaping ellipsoidal laser pulses in the scheme with black analog masks for photoinjector applications
Authors: Gacheva Ekaterina I , Martyanov Mikhail A , Poteomkin Anatoly K , Kuzmin Igor V , Mironov Sergey Yu
Published: October 2023

Today the electron beam emittance minimization race seems to slack due to insufficiency of beam shaping techniques. To fill the gap we propose a method for shaping a sharp 3D ellipsoidal boundary of laser pulses used in a photoinjector. To avoid distortions in the profiled laser beam, only black analog masks are exploited as shaping elements. A highly promising experimental distribution with a 3D boundary thickness better than 10% was obtained at the fundamental harmonic. The proposed scheme can be easily modified for multiplied harmonics of radiation.
Implications of the Stellar Mass Density of High-z Massive Galaxies from JWST on Warm Dark Matter
Authors: Lin Hengjie , Gong Yan , Yue Bin , Chen Xuelei
Published: October 2023

A significant excess of the stellar mass density at high redshift has been discovered from the early data release of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), and it may require a high star formation efficiency. However, this will lead to large number density of ionizing photons in the epoch of reionization (EoR), so that the reionization history will be changed, which can arise tension with the current EoR observations. Warm dark matter (WDM), via the free streaming effect, can suppress the formation of small-scale structure as well as low-mass galaxies. This provides an effective way to decrease the ionizing photons when considering a large star formation efficiency in high-z massive galaxies without altering the cosmic reionization history. On the other hand, the constraints on the properties of WDM can be derived from the JWST observations. In this work, we study WDM as a possible solution to reconcile the JWST stellar mass density of high-z massive galaxies and reionization history. We find that, the JWST high-z comoving cumulative stellar mass density alone has no significant preference for either CDM or WDM model. But using the observational data of other stellar mass density measurements and reionization history, we obtain that the WDM particle mass with

m

W

=

0.51

−
0.12

+
0.22

keV and star formation efficiency parameter

f

*

0

>
0.39

in 2σ confidence level can match both the JWST high-z comoving cumulative stellar mass density and the reionization history.
Ultra-peripheral nuclear collisions
Authors: Bertulani Carlos A.
Published: October 2023

This article presents a very brief review of the physics of Ultra-Peripheral Collisions (UPC) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and other nuclear facilities. I discuss several processes of interest such as electron-position pair production, the anti-hydrogen atom, giant resonances, exotic meson production and parton distribution functions.
Structure of 13C in the Cluster Shell Model
Authors: Santana Valdés A H , Bijker R
Published: October 2023

We study the structure of 13C in the framework of the Cluster Shell Model. A comparison of the available experimental data with our model is made. Some predictions for level ordering and form factors are presented.
A multi–channel study of the 20Ne + 130Te system within the NUMEN project
Authors: Soukeras V , Acosta L , Agodi C , Boztosun I , Brischetto G A , Calvo D , Cappuzzello F , Carbone D , Cavallaro M , Chávez Lomelí E R , Ciraldo I , Delaunay F , Finocchiaro P , Fisichella M , Hacisalihoglu A , Lanzalone G , Linares R , Oliveira J R B , Pakou A , Pandola L , Petrascu H , Pinna F , Sgouros O , Solakci S O , Souliotis G , Spatafora A , Torresi D , Tudisco S , Yildirim A , Zagatto V A B ,   NUMEN collaboration
Published: October 2023

The NUMEN project aims to measure specific reaction cross sections to provide experimentally driven information about nuclear matrix elements of interest in the context of neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ). In particular, it was proposed to use heavy – ion induced double charge exchange reactions as tools towards the determination of information on the nuclear matrix elements of 0νββ, strongly motivated by a number of similarities between the two processes. To this extent, the 20Ne + 130Te system was experimentally investigated in a multi-channel approach by measuring the complete net of reactions channels, namely double charge exchange, single charge exchange, elastic and inelastic scattering, one – and two – nucleon transfer reactions, characterized by the same initial projectile and target nuclei. The goal of the study is to fully characterize the properties of the nuclear wavefunctions entering in the 0νββ decay nuclear matrix elements. The experimental setup, the data reduction and some of the obtained results for the 20Ne + 130Te system will be presented and discussed.
Theoretical evaluation on CO2 removal potential of enhanced weathering based on shrinking core model
Authors: Chen Anqi , Chen Zhuo , Lin Bo-Lin
Published: October 2023

The discrepancy between current CO2 emission trend and the targeted 1.5 °C warming requires the implementation of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies. Among the engineered CDRs, enhanced weathering (EW) is expected to exhibit substantial potential for CO2 removal, owing to the availability of abundant reserves of ultramafic rocks and demonstration of worldwide liming practice. While the shrinking core model (SCM) has been commonly adopted in previous theoretical and experimental studies, there still lacks a comprehensive assessment on the impacts of model parameters, such as rock particle size, size distribution, weathering rate and time length on the weathering kinetics and the resultant CDR potential. Herein, this study incorporates particle size distribution of rock powder into the surface reaction-controlled SCM, and conducts sensitivity analysis on EW’s CDR potential quantitatively. Even fully powered by low-carbon energy in the optimistic case, the application of EW with olivine only achieves maximum CDR per unit of rock and energy consumption of 0.01 kg CO2 per kg rock and 19 g per kWh at size of 8 and 22 μm respectively, indicating the limitations of EW. The derived optimal application parameters with olivine powers within 3.7–79 μm provide valuable insights into the practical real-world applications to achieve net CO2 removal.
Sustaining crop yield and water quality under climate change in intensively managed agricultural watersheds—the need for both adaptive and conservation measures
Authors: Niroula Sundar , Cai Ximing , McIsaac Gregory
Published: October 2023

The projected near-future climate (2031–2059) of wetter springs and drier summers may negatively affect agricultural production in the US Midwest, mostly through reduced aeration of the root zone due to excess soil water and frequent loss of nutrients such as nitrate (NO3-N) and total phosphorus. Several agricultural adaptations—such as adding tile drains and increasing fertilizer rates—may be deployed to mitigate potential reductions in crop yield. However, these adaptations (generally driven by economic benefits) may have a severe impact on water quality, which is already under stress due to excess nutrient runoff from agricultural fields causing hypoxia in inland and coastal waters. Here, we evaluate the crop yield and water quality consequences of such adaptations under future climate with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool in a testbed watershed located in central Illinois. We show that additional tile drains and increased fertilizers can help achieve baseline (2003–2018) corn yields but with a nearly two-fold increase in riverine NO3-N yield affecting a major drinking water supply source. However, a shift to spring-only fertilizer application may not require additional fertilizer and reduces the increase in NO3-N loss to 1.25 times above the baseline. We also show that water quality may improve (better than baseline) with conservation measures such as cover crops and switchgrass. Our findings highlight the need to develop efficient climate change adaptation and conservation strategies for sustainable agriculture and water quality.
Hydrological sustainability of international virtual water trade
Authors: Sinha Jhilam , Sharma Ashish , Marshall Lucy
Published: October 2023

International virtual water (VW) trade helps to balance water stress across regions. However, it can be questioned whether such trade can remain sustainable as water resources are redistributed across regions resulting from changes in our climate. A conceptual framework to compare VW trade volumes with water fluxes within the water cycle is introduced. We evaluate the distribution of traded water surpluses and deficits associated with crop, animal, and industrial products over 157 countries and 182 global watersheds. About 7% of the countries are identified to conduct VW trade unsustainably. Regions within Africa, North America, central Asia, and Europe exhibit unfeasible VW trading resulting from higher appropriation of freshwater resources than availability influenced by precipitation and evaporation. Assessment at the watershed scale captures overexploitation at finer resolution, generally overlooked in country level analysis. An evaluation into the future reveals more watersheds becoming vulnerable to water storage depletion under future climate trends.
Universality in the number variance and counting statistics of the real and symplectic Ginibre ensemble
Authors: Akemann Gernot , Byun Sung-Soo , Ebke Markus , Schehr Grégory
Published: October 2023

In this article, we compute and compare the statistics of the number of eigenvalues in a centred disc of radiusRin all three Ginibre ensembles. We determine the mean and variance as functions ofRin the vicinity of the origin, where the real and symplectic ensembles exhibit respectively an additional attraction to or repulsion from the real axis, leading to different results. In the large radius limit, all three ensembles coincide and display a universal bulk behaviour ofO(R2)for the mean, andO(R) for the variance. We present detailed conjectures for the bulk and edge scaling behaviours of the real Ginibre ensemble, having real and complex eigenvalues. For the symplectic ensemble we can go beyond the Gaussian case (corresponding to the Ginibre ensemble) and prove the universality of the full counting statistics both in the bulk and at the edge of the spectrum for rotationally invariant potentials, extending a recent work which considered the mean and the variance. This statistical behaviour coincides with the universality class of the complex Ginibre ensemble, which has been shown to be associated with the ground state of non-interacting fermions in a two-dimensional rotating harmonic trap. All our analytical results and conjectures are corroborated by numerical simulations.
Evaluation of Stress History and Undrained Shear Strength of OC Clayey Soil in Northern Jakarta
Authors: Utama R , Tsai Yuan-Yao , Hsu Li-Ting , Lee Yi-Ting , Chang Chien-Yu , Chan Yu-Hsuan , Seng Chia-Ray
Published: October 2023

It is difficult to determine the accurate undrained shear strength (su) of clay with complicated stress history. In addition to the laboratory tests such as Triaxial UU and Unconfined tests, the in-situ tests such as Vane Shear, SPT, and CPTu tests were conducted for undrained shear strength evaluation. Moreover, the overconsolidation ratio (OCR) by CPTu correlation presented the soil stress history profile along the depth and the Oedometer tests were used to evaluate the results. It was found that the clayey soil is overconsolidated up to -31.0 m below the surface in Northern Jakarta due to groundwater extraction. The Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties (SHANSEP) formula is widely used to model the relationship between undrained shear strength, OCR, and vertical shear stress. The su results from laboratory and in-situ tests showed good agreement with SHANSEP formula. Moreover, several empirical formulas for OC clayey soil were developed for future deep excavation projects in Jakarta area.
Critical Zone Mapping Based on Land Use and Slope Terrain Parameters, A Case Study of the Keureuto Sub-catchment
Authors: Fadhliani  , Khairullah Y. , Jalil Abdul , Fasdarsyah  , Amalia Amalia , Rishaq Alief Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Land use change, which contributes to a critical area, upstream of the Keureuto Sub-catchment is obvious based on previous studies. The critical area mapping is important for the watershed and land management considering the Keureto dam will be operated in the year 2024 at the downstream. The map can be categorized based on land cover, terrain slope, erosion risk classes, land productivity, and land management. The sub-catchment is prone to changes in all or any of these parameters. In this case, the initial critical zone map is developed for the 238 km2 Keureuto sub-catchment based on two parameters which are land use and terrain slope. Land use is produced from Landsat Satellite images from the years 2015 and 2021. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data is used to produce terrain slope and sub-catchment boundary which the outlet is the Keureto dam. The analysis is based on overlaying the land cover and slope layer. Agricultural land covers part of the upstream area – steeper slope and middle – moderate slope of the sub-catchment increasing by about 8% within seven years. The critical zone mapping based on these two parameters is produced for a further study of the slope stability, the erosion risk, the watershed, and land management for the functionality of the Keureuto dam at the downstream site.
Enhancing reliability of consolidation design parameters for residual settlement estimation: a sensitivity analysis approach for existing container yard in Belawan, Medan
Authors: Ezer E E , Darmadi K , Mulia A
Published: October 2023

Data variation in geotechnical engineering poses challenges in setting up reliable design parameters used for design or analysis. This study aims to accommodate the uncertainty of consolidation design parameters, including the compression index (Cc), initial void ratio (e0), and coefficient of consolidation (Cv), to estimate the residual settlement. A case study of Belawan New Container Terminal (BNCT), which consists of two container yards situated in a reclamation area, has been presented in this paper. A robust method employing parameter sensitivity analysis and loading scenario has been carried out. Sensitivity analysis has been performed by considering ranges for each compressibility parameter consisting of low, best, and high estimates. This approach leads to nine analysis scenarios and doubles after including the service load scenario. The results are then compared with available settlement plate and topographic/bathymetric data (pre, during and post-construction). The scenarios that best fit the monitoring data are selected as the basis for estimating the residual settlement over a design lifetime of 50 years. The residual settlement is expected between 1 m and 1.27 m without service load condition, and 1.92 m to 2.46 m. with a service load of 60 kPa (equivalent to six stacks of 20-foot containers).
Cultivation and culture of Dioscorea esculenta in Papua
Authors: Susila Arif , Aristya Vina Eka , Ondikeleuw Mariana , Malik Afrizal , Cempaka Intan Gilang
Published: October 2023

The study of cultivation and culture of Dioscorea esculenta (gembili) in the Papua Province of ethnobotany was carried out in Jayapura districts (Yoka and Yongsu villages) and Merauke districts (Yanggandur and Sota villages). These sites were the gembili development center in Papua. The data collected includes socio-cultural, local wisdom, its contribution to the economy of farmer households, and the environment for growing gembili. The research results identified two types of gembili in Jayapura, by the community known as Yara (11 accessions) and Fam (5 accessions), also 30 accessions of local gembili in Merauke. Gembili has a strategic role in the customs and culture of the indigenous tribes in Papua. The gembili germplasm needs to be utilized and developed.
Competitiveness of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with weeds at various nitrogen doses and weed free periods
Authors: Laude S
Published: October 2023

The research objectives were to determine the effect of nitrogen dose and weed-free period on the competitiveness of tomato plants with weeds. The research used 6 x 4 Factorial Randomized Group Design. The first factor was the weed-free period (P) which consisted of six levels, namely weeds during tomato growth (P0), weed-free two weeks after planting (P1), weed-free four weeks after planting. (P2), weed-free six weeks after planting (P3), weed-free eight weeks after planting (P4), and weed free until harvest (P5). The second factor was the dose of nitrogen (N) consisting of 4 levels, namely: without fertilization (N0), fertilizing 50 kg N ha−1(N1), fertilizing 100 kg N ha−1(N2) and fertilizing 150 kg N ha−1(N3). The variable of observation was analyzed univariately using the F test and continued with the (Student-Newman-Keul) SNK test with a test level of 0.05. The plants growth rate weeds were analyzed by regression in the form of a curve as a function of time to see the dynamics of weed growth. The amount of competition between weeds and tomatoes were done through the competition index value approach. The results showed that the was a change in the value of competition between tomato plants with weeds at each level of nitrogen dose and weed-free period, this change decreased with increasing nitrogen dose. The highest yield was obtained when weed-free during tomato growth, namely 25.88 tons ha−1with a fertilizer dose of 100 kg ha−1.
Strategy for the development of semi-organic lowland rice farming In Parigi Moutong Regency
Authors: Krisna Laksmayani Made , A l Alamsyar , Made Antara , Sartika Manurung Dewi
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine (1) internal factors and external factors that influence the development of semi-organic lowland rice farming in Parigi Moutong Regency, and (2) Appropriate strategic alternatives to be applied in developing semi-organic lowland rice farming in Parigi Moutong Regency. The selection of research locations was carried out purposively, namely in Parigi Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, with the consideration that Parigi Moutong Regency is a rice production center in Central Sulawesi Province. The determination of respondents was done purposively. The number of respondents interviewed was 10 respondents. Analysis of research data includes analysis of Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE), SWOT, and QSPM. The results of the QSPM analysis show that the main priority alternative strategy that can be carried out in the development of semi-organic rice farming in Parigi Moutong Regency is a strategy to extend the validity period of PRIMA 3 certificates to maintain consumer confidence in food products that are safe for consumption, with a Total Attractiveness Score (TAS) the highest was 11.30.
Optimization of land use for food crops a case in Gunung Sari District West Lombok Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Yusuf M , Usman A , Nursan M
Published: October 2023

This study aims to identify farmer’s crops in each growing season, analyze the income of food crops farmers, analyze the optimal use of land resources, know the problem of farmer food crops in Gunung Sari District West Lombok Regency. Method of this research is descriptive and data collected by survey techniques. The results showed MT1 were rice crops, MT2 included rice, peanuts, sweet corn, soybeans, and MT3 included peanuts, soybeans, sweet corn, green beans, rice, long beans. Farmer’s income of rice farming on MT1 is IDR 13,081,495.95/ha. The largest Farmer’s income on MT2 is the sweet corn farming of IDR 13,993,518.52/ha and the smallest income in rice farming is IDR 11,625,009.81/ha. The largest farmer’s income on MT3 is long bean farming IDR 22.039.404,76/ha, and the smallest is the big peanut IDR 8,919,248.24/ha. Optimal utilization of land resources in MT2 that is X2 (nuts) of 159,020 ha, X3 (sweet corn) of 256,417 ha and X4 (soybean) of 325,142 ha. MT3 optimal land use area X2 (soybean) of 434,659 ha, X3 (sweet corn) 126,969 ha and X6 (long bean) of 178,953 ha. Problems of farmers include pests, diseases, lack production facilities, the high input price and the unavailability of cooperatives.
Analysis of community food consumption patterns in the stunting locus area, Dondo District, Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Kalaba Y , Lamusa A , Asih DN , Vidyanto  , Kurniawan H , Safitri D , Walalangi J Y
Published: October 2023

Improved diet is one of the factors that need attention in preventing stunting. This is because food is a source of energy for the human body, where consuming good, nutritious and sufficient food intake will improve the quality of the body’s health. The research objective was to analyze household consumption patterns in stunting locus areas. The research location was deliberately chosen in Tolitoli Regency with the consideration that, one of the 320 districts in Indonesia, it is included in the locus of handling problems of toddler growth and development disorders due to nutritional intake or stunting. Dondo sub-district was chosen as the locus of stunting sub-district with the highest stunting prevalence rate in Tolitoli district and 130 sample respondents were obtained using a probability technique that is proportional to the size of the cluster. Data analysis used household food consumption and household consumption patterns. The results obtained by respondents were in the food insecure category in terms of energy adequacy absorption and it was known that the food pattern of household expectations in terms of food consumption did not vary.
The national food and drug agency (NFDA) authority to enforce food distribution safety
Authors: Utami G A , Tajuddin M A , Fahmi M S , Klau R G
Published: October 2023

This study aims to find a judicial review of food distribution without a National Food and Drug Agency permit (NFDA). This study employed normative legal research. Normative research uses legal data and literary studies to acquire data. The study found that Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection Article 8 paragraph (1) regulates food distribution without a NFDA permit, while Article 62 paragraph (1) regulates criminal acts “Business actors who violate Article 8, Article 9, Article 10, Article 13 paragraph (2), Article 15, Article 17 paragraph (1) letter a, letter b, letter c, letter e, paragraph (2), and article 18 will be imprisoned for up to five years or fined up to IDR. 2,000,000,000.00. (two billion rupiah). Article 18 of the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 18 of 2012 concerning Food Article 138 states that Everyone who produces food for distribution uses ingredients like food packaging that can release contaminants harmful to human health. Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health Article 106 paragraph (1) states that violators can be imprisoned for up to 15 years and fined up to IDR. 1,500,0000,0000.00 (one billion five hundred million rupiahs).” Legislative and regulatory frameworks frequently incorporate actions to prevent food misuse or distribution that endangers public health. NFDA sets and enforces product quality, production, and distribution standards to ensure food safety.
Group correlation analysis of socio-economic indicators and the volume of collected e-waste in European countries
Authors: Datsyuk Polina , Mikhaylov Alexey , Pinter Gabor
Published: October 2023

There has been a significant growth in e-waste worldwide and in European countries the growth rate of e-waste entering the market is higher than the growth rate of recycled waste. This is confirmed by comparing the compound annual growth rate figures of 6.85% and 5.7% respectively. The methods of analysis used in this article were Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The study confirms a strong negative correlation between CO2 per capita and e-waste volume in European countries such as Norway, Finland, France, Germany, Sweden and Austria. A linear equation shows that a 1 p.p. increase in CO2 means a reduction of 4,267 kg of e-waste collected per inhabitant. In other European countries, a direct correlation was found between e-waste volume and gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity. Thus, waste collected per capita and GDP have the correlation coefficient is 0.97. The third group of countries includes Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Poland, where there was a negative correlation between e-waste collected per capita and population. Overall, the study shows the complex relationship between various factors and e-waste management and indicates the urgency of the problem of growing e-waste volumes.
Bearing fault diagnosis of rail vehicles traction motor based on adaptive periodic segment matrix and singular value decomposition
Authors: Zou Boyu , Chen Xieqi , Peng Lele , Zheng Shubin , Zhong Qianwen
Published: October 2023

The early fault characteristics of rolling bearings are relatively weak and accompanied by large amounts of noise, resulting in the collected bearing vibration signal having an extremely low signal-to-noise ratio, hence creating challenges in diagnosing faults in rail vehicle bearings. This paper proposes a method based on an adaptive period segment matrix and singular value decomposition to extract fault information from bearing fault impulse signals, in response to the problem of unstable period recognition in existing rolling bearing fault diagnosis methods due to strong background noise. Firstly, a periodic segment estimation method based on the average envelope spectrum is proposed. By calculating the envelope spectrum of the vibration signal, a method is proposed for assessing period length and period constraint F in segments. Then this method is applied to pinpoint the fault impact peak and the position of the vibration signal. Utilizing the fault impact peak and the calculated period constraint F, a strict rank-1 adaptive period segment matrix (APSM) is introduced. Finally, singular value decomposition is performed on this matrix, the bearing impulse vibration signal can be reconstructed through the first maximum singular value. The simulation and experimental analysis results of rolling bearings signals demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, even under severe background noise conditions(−20 dB), and the calculated envelope spectrum signal-to-noise ratio further supports the adaptive periodic segment matrix has an excellent ability to identify and extract periodic components, thus validating its usefulness as a fault diagnosis approach for rolling bearings.
Determination of age-dependent bone marrow normocellularity
Authors: Wong Jerry , Jackson Ryan , Chen Lu , Song Joo , Pillai Raju , Afkhami Michelle , Danilova Olga , Aoun Patricia , Gaal Karl K , Kim Young
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Determination of bone marrow cellularity is a key part of bone marrow examination because it provides a small window into a patient’s current state of hematopoietic well-being. Traditionally, bone marrow cellularity is estimated semiquantitatively through microscopic examination of core biopsy specimens harvested from the iliac crest of the pelvic bone. Bone marrow cellularity is then designated as hypercellular, normocellular, or hypocellular based on the patient’s age. This assessment can have significant clinical impact, but the variation in the age-adjusted normocellularity range is not sufficiently characterized because of a lack of study data, especially in older patients (those older than 70 years of age). This study further established the normal range of bone marrow cellularity, particularly in older adults.

Methods

In this study, 570 benign staging and healthy donor bone marrows from patients 1 year to 93 years of age were analyzed for cellularity.

Results

Linear regression modeling demonstrates that cellularity in adults declines approximately 3% per decade, including after the seventh decade of life. The 90% reference interval for normocellularity in United States is 30% to 75% for those aged 18 to 90 years.

Conclusions

The findings revealed a more stable and slower rate of decline in cellularity with age in adults than the widely used linear model of “100% minus the patient age in decades.” Normocellularity is better modeled based on age group. In those younger than 20 years of age, normocellularity ranges from 45% to 85% (mean [SD], 65% [20%]), as defined by Friebert et al in 1998. Based on our study finding of a little less than 3% decline per decade of age, the following is our recommendation for normocellularity range: For individuals 20 to 40 years of age, it ranges from 40% to 70% (mean [SD], 55% [15%]); for individuals 40 to 60 years of age, it ranges from 35% to 65% (mean [SD], 50% [15%]); and for individuals older than 60 years of age, it ranges from 30% to 60% (mean [SD], 45% [15%]). Interestingly, those older than 70 years of age do not show a significant decrease from those aged 60 to 69 years.
Resolving a puzzle about the fixity of the past
Authors: Geddes Alexander
Published: October 2023

In his 2022 article ‘A puzzle about the fixity of the past’, Lampert argues that standard views concerning knowledge and the semantics of ‘actually’ conflict with a widely held principle concerning the fixity of the past. I show that his attempt to establish the conflict fails, as it rests on the implicit assumption that a past mental state or utterance involving a modal indexical must have the same content across worlds with a shared past, when in fact it must, given its character, differ in content.
Recognizing patients as candidates for temporary mechanical circulatory support along the spectrum of cardiogenic shock
Authors: Montisci Andrea , Panoulas Vasileios , Chieffo Alaide , Skurk Carsten , Schäfer Andreas , Werner Nikos , Baldetti Luca , D’Ettore Nicoletta , Pappalardo Federico
Published: October 2023

A growing body of evidence indicates that the benefits of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) is dependent on its aetiology and timing of implantation. As such, appropriate diagnosis, screening, selection, and treatment is crucial to achieving good outcomes with tMCS. Here, the latest guidance on CS phenotypes and diagnostics for correctly identifying tMCS candidates is discussed. This includes comprehensive overviews of patient screening with attention given to differences in CS presentation between the sexes, and contraindications for mechanical circulatory support.
Glimpse into the future
Authors: Moller Jacob Eifer , Mangner Norman , Pappalardo Federico , Thiele Holger
Published: October 2023

Randomized studies attempting to prove benefit of mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock have failed to reduce the risk of death. Further, both registry and randomized data suggest increased rates of serious complications associated with these devices. This last review in the supplement discusses current evidence and provides a perspective on how the scientific community could advance cardiogenic shock research focused on mechanical circulatory support.
Opinions on Remote and in-Person Breast Imaging Work: Survey Results from the Society of Breast Imaging
Authors: Zhang Zi
Published: October 2023

Objective

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic accelerated trends in remote radiology work. We evaluated the opinions of Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) members regarding remote and in-person breast imaging work.

Methods

An institutional review board–exempt anonymous survey was distributed to SBI members. Survey questions included demographics and opinions on remote and in-person work.

Results

The response rate was 12% (307/2561). Overall, 79% of respondents preferred hybrid work, 16% preferred in-person work, and 5% preferred fully remote work. Only 34% of respondents had remote work in current practice. Screening mammograms (97%) and breast MRI (92%) were deemed most suitable for remote work. Most respondents believed barriers for remote work were inability to perform US (80%) and high monitor price (78%). Seventy-six percent of respondents believed remote work improves work-life balance and reduces burnout. Work model preferences were significantly associated with gender (P = .048) and perceived work-related impacts (P <.001). Women were more likely to prefer hybrid work than men (82% vs 73%). Compared to those who preferred in-person work, respondents who preferred hybrid work were more likely to believe remote work improves efficiency (89% vs 3%) and reduces burnout (88% vs 6%) while not negatively affecting career growth (88% vs 3%) or communication (87% vs 4%).

Conclusion

Hybrid work is the preferred model among SBI survey respondents. However, a minority have the option for remote work in current practice. Perceived benefits of remote work are efficiency and reduced burnout among breast imaging radiologists while not negatively affecting career growth or communication.
Hail netting excludes key insect pests and protects from fruit damage in a commercial Minnesota apple orchard
Authors: Nelson Sally G A , Klodd Annie E , Hutchison William D
Published: October 2023

Exclusion netting in some European and North American apple (Malus domestica Borkhausen, Rosaceae, Rosales) orchards has been documented to be an effective method of control for multiple insect pest species. By minimizing reliance on insecticides, these orchards have reduced costs, risks to the environment and non-target species, and reduced the risk of insecticide resistance. This study examined the use of commercially available hail netting (DrapeNet®; Prosser, WA) as a pest exclusion strategy under conditions in Minnesota, USA. In 2021 and 2022, we assessed the efficacy of hail netting as a tool for pest suppression in orchards by monitoring pest species in netted and open plots crossed with and without insecticide applications. Our findings show that both of the major pest species in Minnesota, the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh; Diptera: Tephritidae), were significantly reduced inside the netting compared to open plots by 94% and 96%, respectively. For a secondary pest, the red-banded leafroller (Argyrotaenia velutinana Walker; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), moth populations were reduced by 56%. We also found that insecticide application alone did not significantly reduce pest pressure in these species. Additionally, we investigated the subsequent effects of hail netting on fruit quality and yield. The use of hail netting and insecticide application resulted in significantly higher proportions of high-quality fruit at harvest. However, netting did not significantly influence yield. These findings suggest that hail netting can be used to control Midwest apple insect pests with limited insecticide applications while maintaining high fruit quality.
Direct assessment of nutritional status
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B , Jelliffe E F Patrice , Zerfas Alfred , Neumann Charlotte G
Published: October 2023

The term ‘direct assessment’ refers to methods in which individuals or communities are investigated directly. Theoretically, this can include a sequence of examinations ranging from tests for biochemical changes to visible or palpable anatomical abnormalities in the form of clinical signs, and/or anthropometric or biophysical changes (Table 2.1). However, some tests may not be available to detect abnormalities, or, if available, may not be feasible because of lack of funds or of laboratories and facilities such as refrigeration, via an effective ‘cold chain’, and transport (p. 31). Also, the interpretation of normal limits of, say, biochemical tests is often far less clear than previously considered in relation to lesser abnormalities and to ‘functional significance’ (p. 124), biological variation, age, and the particular laboratory method employed. In addition, differentiation has to be made to reflect recent food intake and chronic depletion (p. 443). Thus, the neat and orderly systematic progressions (from diet to body levels to clinical abnormalities) often presented are useful only as theoretical guides (Table 2.2).
Chronic Fatigue and its Syndromes
Authors: Wessely Professor Simon , Hotopf Dr Matthew , Sharpe Dr Michael
Published: October 2023

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (also known as M.E) is an illness characterized by the symptom of chronic and severe fatigue, in the absence of an alternative medical condition. It has been the subject of intense media debate over recent years. Such interest has been partially due to the polarization of professional and scientific opinion concerning the topic - what is it, and what causes it? Chonic Fatigue and its syndromes presents an objective and comprehensive review of the problem of chronic fatigue, mixing medical, psychological, social, and historical perspectives. It begins by considering the nature of fatigue, and its physical and psychological origins. The book then introduces the subject of CFS, tracing its historical origins, before considering the epidemiology, and the various aetiological theories for modern forms of the condition - viral, immunological, psychologica, psychiatric, and neurological. The book concludes with a clinical section that gives a step by step guide to the assessment and treatment of CFS. Throughout, the authors argue that chronic fatigue and its various syndromes cannot easily be pigeonholed into either physical or psychological categories, and that the ambiguous nature of the illness actually provides us with a valuable chance to explore contemporary attitutes to sickness and health, one not offered by better defined or classified disorders.
Coping with the news
Authors: Baron-Cohen Simon , Bolton Patrick
Published: October 2023

To discover your child suffers from a condition that results in some form of lifelong disability is, naturally, a tremendous blow. When parents finally realize that their child has autism, that it is not ‘just a difficult phase he’s going through’, when they realize that in a sense they have ‘lost’ the child they thought they were going to have, they often feel overwhelmed by a wide range of emotions: sometimes despair and depression, coupled with anxiety about their child’s future. At other times a cloak of guilt envelops them, at the thought of being in some way responsible for their child’s condition. At yet other times, the emotion that takes over is a pervasive sense of shame or embarrassment, due to the imagined thoughts of others-’they’ve failed as parents’-which is of course untrue. All of these emotions are understandable reactions to the stresses and disappointments induced by the child’s developmental problems.
Medical treatments
Authors: Baron-Cohen Simon , Bolton Patrick
Published: October 2023

With the realization that biological factors are of fundamental importance in causing autism, the search for drug treatments has gained ground. As yet, there is no drug which clearly leads to improvements in the basic symptoms of autism. As with psychological treatments, it is important, therefore, to be cautious in accepting claims to the contrary. This does not mean, however, that drugs are of no use in treating certain aspects of autism. A number of drugs have been tried as treatments, and the evidence for their effectiveness is briefly outlined below. Fenfluramine is a drug that reduces the blood level of serotonin. Serotonin is a natural chemical that has been found to be high in about a third of children with autism. When fenfluramine was first used in the United States there was great excitement, with claims that it was a ‘wonder drug’ for autism. Since then, it has been recognized that these early claims were wildly optimistic. It now seems more likely that fenfluramine has few if any clearly beneficial effects. The change in opinion occurred following ‘blind’ t;ials (in which doctors evaluate the child’s behaviour without knowing which medication the child is on). Although fenfluramine has not been found to produce unwanted side-effects in people, there is evidence to suggest that it can damage the nervous system in animals. At present, therefore, this must be considered an experimental treatment that should only be embarked upon under specialist medical supervision in recognized centres.
Introduction
Authors: Hopkins Anthony , Appleton Richard
Published: October 2023

There are all sorts of problems about epilepsy, which we hope this small book will do something to dispel. Epilepsy is the name given to recurrent ‘seizures’ (also known as ‘fits’, or ‘attacks’), of which the fairly well-known grand mal convulsions are only one type. A whole variety of brain disorders can cause epilepsy, which should perhaps be considered no more than a stereotyped reaction of the brain to a variety of stresses. It is not generally known that, in spite of the most modern methods of investigation, an underlying cause can only be identified with certainty in about one third of people with epilepsy. The good news that has emerged from research studies over the last twenty years is that the long-term outlook for the cessation of seizures is very much better than was previously considered to be the case, as earlier research referred only to people with epilepsy whose seizures were the most difficult to control.
Convulsions associated with fever
Authors: Hopkins Anthony , Appleton Richard
Published: October 2023

A convulsion which occurs in association with any illness, usually an infection, which causes a rise in temperature (fever) is known as a febrile convulsion. Febrile convulsions are not a type of epilepsy. In the past it was thought that febrile convulsions could lead to epilepsy but this is now generally believed only rarely to be the case. There are at least three subgroups of febrile convulsions: The first and largest subgroup is made up of children who have seizures in response to fever as a result of an individual susceptibility that is usually inherited. These children develop normally and have normal EEGs and normal brain scans. This is the group which constitutes ‘true’ febrile convulsions and will be discussed in detail in this chapter.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Skinner David V , Vincent Richard
Published: October 2023

The second edition of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation has been updated throughout, and continues to provide an up-to-date and concise guide to the management of common cardiac emergencies including, in particular, the management of a full cardiorespiratory arrest. As well as dealing with cardiac arrest associated with ischaemic heart disease, details are also given of the management of cardiac arrest from less common causes, including asthma, pulmonary embolism, anaphylaxis, and drug overdose. This edition also includes new recommendations for the management of peri-arrest rhythms. The chapter on paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation, written by Dr David Zideman has been fully updated in line with the most recent paediatric guidelines following the European Resuscitation Council and Advanced Paediatric Life Support recommendations. The organization of a resuscitation team, the practical management of acute myocardial infarction, and the use of various thrombolytic agents are all discussed. This book will be particularly useful to doctors and nurses working in Accident or Emergency or general medicine, and to paramedics.
Management of cardiac arrest
Authors: Skinner David V , Vincent Richard
Published: October 2023

The diagnosis of cardiac arrest is a clinical one, and is confirmed if the patient is both unconscious and pulseless. The absence of a major (i.e. carotid or femoral) pulse in a patient who fails to respond to gentle shaking and a loud voice is the key finding. Other clinical ‘features‘ of cardiac arrest are unreliable, and to look for them wastes precious time. Thus, ineffectual gasping respirations may persist for several minutes after cardiac arrest, and pupil size and the presence of cyanosis or pallor are also unreliable and unnecessary as a guide to the diagnosis of an arrest (although a note at the outset may be helpful for later comparison).
The King of Naples and Other Silent Witnesses
Authors: Greaves Mel
Published: October 2023

In some respects, cancer sits alongside heart attacks, strokes, obesity, neurodegenerative disease of older age, and AIDS as a very twentieth century disease, an integral part of our culture. As were, in our not too distant past, bubonic plague, syphilis, and tuberculosis. But is it a new affliction? Call the King of Naples.
And then you set fire to it?
Authors: Greaves Mel
Published: October 2023

What's the greatest thing we have ever invented, our best trick: planting corn, aeroplanes, Guinness? How about making a fire? Darwin gave this talent primacy over all but language acquisition as a crucial Innovation in the development of humankind. The domesticated management of fire is a unique and universal human attribute. Fires are of course very much part of the natural world and have existed on the planet Earth as long as there has been combustible organics and, volcanically speaking, even before that. How man came to conquer such a magic and fearful element is the stuff of legends. Prometheus, the 'Bringer of Fire' in Ancient Greek mythology, stole it from Zeus and, for his pains, was chained to a rock whilst vultures nibbled daily at his liver.