bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Bias correction of Tropical Applications of Meteorology using SATellite (TAMSAT) daily rainfall estimates over the data-scarce region of Southern Ethiopia
Authors:   College Engineering and Technology, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia, Girma Dawit
Published: January 2022

Precipitation data is an intrinsic parameter of rainfall-runoff simulation. since it is strongly hooked into the accuracy of the spatial and temporal representation of the precipitation. In regions where rainfall stations are scarce, additional data sources could also be needed. Satellite platforms have provided a satisfactory alternative because of their global coverage. Tropical Applications of Meteorology using SATellite (TAMSAT) is one such data source provided by the research group of the University of Reading, UK. This dataset provides rainfall estimates across Africa which captures the rainfall pattern in GenaleDawa River basin (southern Ethiopia) but with a magnitude bias of over-estimation and under-estimations. In this study, magnitude bias correction of the TAMSAT dataset with a linear scaling technique resulted in a rainfall grid of the area with ~4 km spatial resolution of a 35 year (1983–2017) daily rainfall dataset. Intercomparison between Satellite rainfall product and observed data were done using point to grid method selecting nine representative metrological stations.The average correlation R is 0.45 and the average NS is 0.028 and the Categorical index POD, FAR, FB and HSS, values were 0.49,0.4,0.84, and 0.4) before bias correction. After bias correction, these values were improved to the average value of R=0.87 and NS =0.764 and POD, FAR, FB, and HSS of (0.71,0.22, 0.92, and 0.66 respectively
Driving Mechanisms of Different Tissues Cellular Cycles in Norm and in Cancer Pathology from the Point of View of Thermodynamics, Biophysics and Biochemistry
Authors:   Kiev, Ukraine, Kiev regional p/n hospital, Head of Laboratory Biochemistry and Toxicology, Herschelstrasse 33, 90443 Nuernberg, Germany, Ponizovskiy Michail
Published: January 2022

The thermodynamic system of a human organism is subjected to the laws of thermodynamics which stable Internal Energy (U) and Internal Medium are suppoted by Internal Works (Wint) and External Works (Wext) of an organism according to first law of thermodynamics. Just both Internal Works (Wint) and External Works (Wext) of an organism are carried out by driving mechanisms cellular cycles of cells in all organs of an organism. Thus driving mechanisms cellular cycles of an open non equilibrium non linear thermodynamic system of a human organism and of the organism’s organs in norm and in different pathologies are exerted by driving mechanisms of cells’ cellular cycles of an organism’s tissues in different organs which are studied both in norm and in cancer pathology. Besides there are studied genetic development of an organism’s cells from embryonic single cell state to old aged organism from the point of view of thermodynamics. Also it is studied the influences of driving mechanisms cells’ cellular cycles on mechanisms both cells development and an organism development. Moreover there are studied differences driving mechanisms of cellular cycles in different tissues of different organs. Furthermore there are compared driving mechanisms cellular cycles both Viral haploid cellular cycle and Human diploid cellular cycle. Besides there are described transmutation driving mechanisms of healthy genomic cellular cycle into cancer genomic cellular cycle from the point of view of thermodynamics. Also there are discussed driving mechanisms of cellular cycle from point of views of thermodynamics, biophysics and biochemistry
Primary Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of the Thyroid: Long-Term Survival Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Institute of Radiation Oncology-Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Giuseppe Parisi , Alessandro De Pellegrin ,   Institute of Pathologic Anatomy-Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine
Published: January 2022

Thyroid angiosarcoma is a rare neoplasm of debated clinical management. In addition, the epithelioid variant poses microscopic challenges due to its close resemblance to poorly differentiated carcinoma. Only 63 cases of thyroid angiosarcoma have been published in English literature. Due to its rarity, the limited clinical experience can make its management complex. We report a new case of primary thyroid angiosarcoma showing preponderant epithelioid features characterized by an exceptional long survival. We also provide a discussion on the role of radiotherapy in tumor treatment and a brief review of the pertinent literature.
Kidney Cancer: 12-years’ Experience of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital
Authors:   Urology Division, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al-Khoud 123, Oman, Al-Marhoon Mohammed Salim Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Kidney cancer is the 10th most common cancer in Omani males. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is found in 72% of kidney cancers in Oman. The aim is to study all nephrectomies performed in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital and know the charchectristics of RCC. Methods: Clinical, radiological and pathological data of 62 patients who underwent nephrectomy in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital over 12 years (1999-2011), were collected retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier, log-rank and chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 27 patients operated for suspected kidney cancer, 74% were RCC. The mean (SE) tumor size was 8 (1.1) cm. There was a significant correlation between tumor size and mode of presentation, incidental or symptomatic, (Pearson chi-square 6.3, P = 0.04). The most common tumor location was upper pole of the kidney. The staging and grading were: T1 (52%), N0 (81.5%), M0 (100%), Fuhrman Grade 2 (59.3%). The most common histological type was conventional RCC (40.7%). Oncocytoma was found in (11%). Surgeries performed were radical nephrectomy (66.7%) and partial nephrectomy (33%). The mean (SE) follow up was 24.4 (5.9) months. The two-year overall and disease-free survivals were 85.7% and 66.7% respectively with a recurrence of 31.8%. The histological type had no significant effect on survival (P = 0.299). Conclusions: To improve the outcomes, referral and centralization of kidney caner surgery care is encouraged. Future long follow up studies in collaboration with ministry of health centers are needed to know the features of RCC in Oman.
Potential Cause of Hearing Loss from Cis-platin
Authors:   Potential Cause of Hearing Loss from Cis-platin, Singh Negi Pankaj
Published: January 2022

This review address cisplatin-induced hearing loss and various strategies tested to prevent this adverse effect. Cisplatin ototoxicity molecular pathways are still being investigated. Through the action of several transporters cisplatin enters targeted cells in the cochlea. After it enters the cochlea once, is retained for months to years. Cisplatin can inhibit protein synthesis, cause DNA damage and generate reactive oxygen species that can lead to inflammation and apoptosis of outer hair cells, resulting in permanent hearing loss. To prevent cisplatin ototoxicity utilized antioxidants, transport inhibitors, G-protein receptor agonists, and anti-inflammatory agents. There are no Food And Drug Administration-approved drugs to prevent cisplatin ototoxicity. Based on the long-term retention of cisplatin in the inner ear, any approved medication should either prevent passage of cisplatin into the inner ear or have the capability to continually protect against ototoxicity for months to years. Objective: “This study starts to explain why patients who receive the drug sustain hearing loss,” Although corticosteroids may help to mitigate the ototoxic side effects of cisplatin, there are complications associated with their systemic and prolonged use “This is very important, because as we come to understand how cisplatin related hearing loss occurs, over time we may figure out a way to block it, or at least diminish its effects.”
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Children and Adolescents (A bout 2 cases)
Authors:   Central Medical Analysis Laboratory, University Hospital Hassan II, Road Sidi Harazem, PB: 1835 Atlas, Fes 30070 Morocco, Meryeme Abddaoui , Miloud Sara Ben ,   Oncopediatric departement, University Hospital Hassan II, Morocco
Published: January 2022

Pediatric chronic myelogenous leukemia is a rare entity (2 to 5% of childhood leukemia) classified as myeloproliferative neoplasia characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL fusion gene, the oncogenic product of the translocation (9; 22), responsible for the disease by its deregulated tyrosine kinase activity. Pediatric chronic myelogenous leukemia evolves spontaneously in three phases: chronic, accelerated and blast, during which the malignant clone gradually loses its capacity for differentiation. The diagnosis is based on the clinic mainly by the presence of a marked splenomegaly, the blood count by a hyperleukocytosis generally greater than 250,000 / mm³, myelogram which shows granular hyperplasia associated with no blast infiltration and morphologically define the stage of the disease, cytogenetics and molecular biology which confirms the diagnosis by the detection of the Philadelphia chromosome and more specifically the molecular abnormality BCR-ABL1. Imatinib is the treatment of choice for curative purposes used in our hospital structure, but regular monitoring of residual molecular disease and the absence of cytogenetic evolution are essential to understand resistance to TKIs (the inhibitor of tyrosine activity kinase) and detect disease progression. We report two observations of pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia, describing the different diagnostic aspects and which were in agreement with clinical and biological data in the literature.
Brain Metastasis and Radiotherapy Due to Childhood Clear Cell Sarcomas of the Kidney: A Case Report and Brief Review
Authors:   Department of Radiation Oncology, Specialist at the Ankara City Hospital in Ankara Çankaya district, Turkey, Yaşar Daşgın Feyza
Published: January 2022

Brain metastases of solid tumors in childhood are rare events. Clear cell sarcomas of the kidney, which are among the causes of brain metastasis observed in this age group, constitute only 2-3% of kidney tumors. Even though clear cell sarcoma of the kidney and their metastases are rarely seen, they have a poor prognosis. In this case report and a brief review of the relevant literature, we aimed to summarize the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment processes of pediatric cases with brain metastasis due to clear cell sarcoma. Changing of clear cell sarcoma treatment planning in recent years and the possibility of difference in relapsing pattern because of this change are also mentioned in this review.
Transfusion Dependent Anemia, and Cytopenia Secondary to Parvovirus B19 Infection as the First Manifestation of X-linked Hyper IgM Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Two Male Patients in Their Third Decade of Life
Authors:   Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Department of Medicine, Falastin Street Al-Hamra’a, Jeddah 23323, Saudi Arabia, El-Haddad Hadeel
Published: January 2022

We describe two male patients with unique mutation of CD40L gene, unlike classic presentation of X-linked hyper IgM immunodeficiency syndrome (XHIGM syndrome), both were healthy until presenting in their early twenties with a challenging symptomatic transfusion-dependent anemia, investigations confirmed XHIGM syndrome with concurrent chronic Parvovirus infection.
Erdheim-Chester Disease: A Rare Disease Causing Diagnostic Challenge in A 35 Year Old Male From Ethiopia
Authors:   Adera medical center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ahmed Sebrina , Abdela Fozia ,   Addis Ababa University, TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, Collage of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published: January 2022

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell tumor with histopathology features of foamy histocytes and fibrosis. The disease has varying manifestations from asymptomatic to life-threatening organ involvement including long bones, CNS, lung, heart, and kidneys. On histopathology staining, the cells exhibit CD68 positivity but CD1a and S100 negativity. The prognosis of the patients is poor. ECD poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to its resemblance to various disorders requiring a multidisciplinary approach. We report a case of a 35-year-old male patient from Ethiopia with literature review, who initially presented with massive chylous ascites and retroperitoneal manifestation but later developed pulmonary and cardiac manifestations. The diagnosis was suggested from an abdominal CT scan with subsequent image-guided biopsy which compartments a diagnosis.
Digit Ratio (2d:4d) in Patients with Antisocial Personality Disorder
Authors:   Firat University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Elazig, Turkey, Mermi Osman , Yildiz Sevler ,   Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Elazig, Turkey
Published: January 2022

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the 2nd finger to 4th finger ratio (2D:4D) of patients with antisocial personality disorder to the 2D:4D of a group of healthy subjects. Method: A total of thirty one male patients with antisocial personality disorder and the twenty-eight healthy controls were included in the present investigation. Finger (2D) and ring (4D) lengths and 2D:4D ratio of the subjects were determined. Results: In the present study, we found that patients with antisocial personality disorder had a significantly lower ratio of 2D:4D of both hands. Conclusion: In conclusion, we suggest that patients with antisocial personality seem to have a lower ratio of 2D:4D compared to healthy control subjects, leading us to think that higher prenatal gonadal androgens may be related to antisocial personality disorder.
Clinical Appearance of Vitiligo and Piebaldism: A Review Article
Authors:   Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Putra Gofur Nanda Rachmad , Putri Gofur Aisyah Rachmadani ,   Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Vitiligo is idiopathic hypomelanosis characterized by the presence of white macules that can expand. Can affect all parts of the body that contain melanocyte cells, for example, hair and eyes. The cause is unknown, various trigger factors are often reported, for example emotional crisis and physical trauma. Pathogenesis of vitiligo still unclear, there is an association between vitilligo and Hashimoto’s thyroditis, pernicious anemia, and hypoparathyroid melanocytes found in the serum of 80% of vitiligo patients. Moreover, there is disease that similar to vitiligo, called piebaldism. Patches of skin that do not contain pigment that is found at birth and persists for life.The disease is inherited autosomally, due to differentiation and possibly the melanoblast membrane. Discussion: Inheritance of vitiligo can involve genes related to the biosynthesis of melanin, the response to oxidative stress and autoimmune regulation. The macula is white with a diameter of several millimeters to several centimeters, round or oval with defined boundaries, with no other epidermal changes. Hypomelanotic macules are sometimes seen in addition to apigmented macules. In vitiligo macules can be found macules with normal pigmentation or hyperpigmentation called perifollicular repigmentation. Occasionally there is a raised edge of the lesion, erythema and itching, which is called inflammatory. Piebaldism is In the form of skin patches that do not contain pigment on the forehead, median or paramedian, accompanied by white hair. White patches are sometimes also found on the upper chest, abdoment and legs. Normal skin color or hypermelanosis there are areas that are hypomelanosis. Ultrastructural investigation showed no visible melanocytes and melanosomes in hypomelanotic areas. On the other hand, hypemelanotic islets are found with melanocytes that produce melanosomes normally, but if abnormal spheric milanosomes and granules are found, abnormal spherical and ganular melanosomes are also found. Conclusion: It is distinguished from vitiligo which usually does not appear at birth, the shape and distribution are also different. On piebaldism. In piebaldism accompanied by white forlock and the presence of islets with normal pigments in hypomelanotic areas. Differentiated from the nevus with depigmentosus, in the nevus the number of melanocit is normal. If piebaldism is accompanied by abnormalities in the distance of the two pupils or is accompanied by deafness, then the possibility of Waardenburg syndrome should be considered.
Analysis of Adult Users of Emergency Departments Visits for Primary Dental Related Complaints in the United States in 2015AW
Authors:   Institute for Partnerships to Eliminate Health Disparities, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA, Walker Andre
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Using nationally representative data, the researchers examined the differences in dental care utilization in Hospital-Based Ambulatory Care Services working age adults associated by lack of insurance, and other co-variates. Methods: The researcher used data from the 2015 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (19-65 years age; N= 12,956 unweighted observations). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association with dental insurance coverage and other covariates. Results: In 2015, There were an estimated 83 million ED visits among working adults ages 19-64 in the United States. Dental related complaints accounted for between 0.1 and 0.5 percent of all visits, depending on patient characteristics. Dental visits were significantly more likely among patients with self-paying or with government insurance relative to the privately insured. Conclusion: Medicaid and Self pay adults had significant higher odds of making dental emergency visits. The limited scope of dental treatment in the ED, coupled with poor availability of safety-net dental resources, may result in dental exacerbations. The engagement of safety-net dental service accessibility is crucial to reducing dental ED visits and improving dental health, particularly among low-income, self-pay populations.
Clinical Manifestation of Oral Tuberculosis in HIV Patient: A Review Article
Authors:   Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Putra Gofur Nanda Rachmad , Putri Gofur Aisyah Rachmadani ,   Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that has become a global problem. the incidence of TB cases decreased by 9% from 2015 to 2019. In general, TB disease is divided into 2, namely latent TB and active TB. Latent TB indicates the presence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis bacteria but is in an inactive/ inactive phase, but in this type of TB there is a 10% chance that these bacteria will be active. Meanwhile, active TB shows active bacterial activity so that it can infect other hosts. Objective: This literature study is to determine the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis in the oral cavity in HIV patients. Discussion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is slowly replicating intracellular pathogen in macrophages that elicits a T cell immune response mediated by antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This immune response may eliminate the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but more frequently Mycobacterium tuberculosis persists in a latent form, constituting a reservoir of inactive Mycobacterium tuberculosis that under certain circumstances may become active. TB may occur at any stage of HIV disease and, as in the case presented here, may be the first indicator of HIV infection. HIV-seropositive subjects and particularly those HIV-seropositive subjects with low CD4+ T cell counts more frequently have extrapulmonary TB than do HIV-seropositive subjects or HIV-seropositive subjects with high CD4+ T cell counts. Conclusion: Patients who suffer from HIV may be associated with the tuberculosis infection. The TB infection may be known from the oral manifestation in HIV patients.
Frequencies of Failure In The Case of Ceramic Veneer Treatment and the Presence Of Composite Fillings: About A Clinical Trial
Authors:   Lecturer Class A in Dental Prosthesis, CHU LAMINE DEBAGHINE, Alger, Algeria, Dendouga Soraya
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The restoration of teeth with composite ceramic veneers has always been a subject of controversy: for some authors the presence of such restorations is a source of failure while for others not necessarily. Material and Method: Our study; is a randomized clinical trial comparing three types of crown preparations for bonded ceramic veneers. Our clinical trial which evaluated 264 bonded veneers in 73 patients included 235 living teeth and 29 mortified teeth that underwent endodontic treatment. Among the secondary objectives of this study: the evaluation of the durability of ceramic veneers bonded to teeth with composite restorations. Results: The Chi-square test of the occurrence of events according to the unblocked / blocked character gives a p = 0.05 (p ≤ 0.05) so the difference is significant. Conclusion: The presence of composite fillings affected the survival rate of veneers in our study
Mathematical Modeling and Forecast 11 Years in Advance of the Dumping of Sand in Varadero Beach, Cuba, Using the Regressive Objective Regression (Ror) Methodology
Authors:   Provincial Meteorological Center of Villa Clara, Cuba, Rodriguez Ricardo Oses
Published: January 2022

The specialists estimate that the most important challenge on the beaches is the dumping of sand. Sustainable tourism in our time must be conceived towards the future to ensure that resources are managed with due protection of ecological processes, biological diversity and the environment in general, hence our objective is to know the amount of the following sand dumps on the beach of Varadero mathematically modeling according to the data we have. A database of the dumping of cubic meters of sand in Varadero was used from 1987 to 2012, the methodology used was the Regressive Objective Regression (ROR). We can conclude that the model explains 100% of the variance with an error that cannot be determined, over time, all the variables are significant, the model depends on the shedding twelve times ago (Lag12Vert). In the long term, resources can be saved and the resilience of coastal communities to climate change and rising sea levels can be improved, maintaining the quality indicators required of the sand strip for the enjoyment of bathers and protection of the dunes. The forecast obtained for the next discharges has a maximum of 2,225,140.6 m3, in t50 discharge, a value this May that the discharge occurred before 2012.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Phase Separation with Entrance Mixing
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland 230 Elizabeth Ave, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada, E Weiwei , Pope Kevin ,   Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland 230 Elizabeth Ave, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
Published: January 2022

In this paper, experimental and numerical methods are used to investigate the separation of an oil / water mixture. An American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity-based separator was built to conduct the experimental studies. The numerical simulations were developed with the same geometry as the experimental setup. The effect of inlet velocity and the oil volume fraction on the separation process is investigated with the new numerical predictions. Validations of the simulation model show that the numerical predictions of the multiphase Volume of Fluid (VOF) model with the laminar viscosity model agree well with the experimental results. The results of oil volume fraction and velocity vector distribution in the separator showed that there was a mixing zone located at the entrance, which had a lower relative oil volume fraction and a higher velocity. The study of the inlet velocity effect on the mixing length of the entrance mixing zone shows that when the fluid in the separator is in the laminar range, the mixing length is less than 40% of the total separator length. However, when the inlet velocity was increased until the fluid in the separator reached the transient range, the mixing length occupied 90% of the total separator length.
The Temperature Dependence of Gravitation, and Errors of Einstein and Penrose on Gravitation
Authors:   Applied and Pure Research Institute, 15 Walnut Hill Rd., Amherst, NH 03031, USA, Lo C.Y.
Published: January 2022

Newton claimed that gravity is independent of the temperature, and Einstein claimed as the temperature increases, gravity also increases. However, experiments show that the weight of a metal piece is reduced as temperature increases. Thus, it is impossible to obtain an accurate Newtonian coupling constant through direct measurements. Einstein’s notion of gravitational mass is invalid due to repulsive gravitation was over-looked. In fact, the attractive current-mass interaction has been verified, and the repulsive charge-mass interaction has been shown by a lifted-up capacitor, charged with very high voltage, hovering on Earth. When E is the electromagnetic energy, E = mc2 is inconsistent with the Einstein equation. Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein all over-looked the repulsive gravitation. Both Einstein and Penrose do not understand the principle of causality. Penrose produced an unbounded solution with unphysical parameters for the Einstein equation that also does not have any dynamic solution. The repulsive gravitation implies that general relativity must be extended to a five-dimensional theory. Penrose’s proof for the existence of black holes is invalid because he failed to account for the repulsive gravitation, and the five-dimensional theory is still incomplete.
نشأة اللغة العربية ولهجاتها
Authors: Salam Mahdi Wahyuni
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the origin of Arabic and its dialects. Arabic is considered one of the most sacred languages for Muslims, and they consider learning it a religious obligation. It is the language of belief and the language of civilization, which unites Muslim nations from various countries in the world. This is the language of the Qur’an and the language spoken by the prophet Muhammad. It is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world today. This language belongs to the Hamitic and Semitic languages, and in particular the South Semitic language family. They come from the Southwestern part of the Peninsula, namely the countries of Najd, Hejaz, Yemen and so on. There are several reasons that cause the emergence of dialects in Arabic, those are: geographical and social reasons, language friction and mixing as a result of invasion, migration of proximity, individual reasons, political and natural factors. There are many dialects among Arabs, some dialects are considered more fluent than other dialects, namely the Quraysh, Hijaz, Najd and Asad dialects. Then the Quraysh dialect mastered all the languages of the Arab tribes for various reasons, including:geographical, religious, cultural, economic and political factors.
الأساليب التوكيدية النحوية في الجزء الثلاثين
Authors: Eka Siti Namirah  , Ibnu Rawandhy N. Hula  , Nurul Aini Pakaya
Published: January 2022

This article aims to determine ushlub-ushlubtaukidnahwu in chapter 30 of the al-Qur’an al-Karim. This research is a qualitative descriptive with library research. Data collection was carried out with documentation from primary sources of al-Qur’an al-Karim, and secondary sources which included discussion related to primary sources. The results showed that ushlubtaukidnahwu was divided into two, namely taukid bi al-adat which amounted to 33, and taukidbighairi al-adat amounted to 101. The researcher found ushlubtaukidnahwu in its use amounted to 134. As for taukid bi al-adat in the number of ismiyah amounted to 24، the adat used wasإنّ،أنّ،أمّا،لام لتوكيد،. while taukid bi al-adat in fi’liyah number is 9. The custom used is قد،نون التوكيد،. The traditional bighairi al-taukidare ushlubqasm,mashdar, na’at/nature, and ‘athaf.
Keywords:  Ushlub، At-Taukid An-Nahwiyah،Chapter 30
الظرف في اللغة العربية واللغة الإنجليزية (دراسة تحليلية تقابلية)
Authors: Aan Muhammady  , Fitrah Miftahul Jannah
Published: January 2022

This article aims to discuss the similarities and differences between adverb in Arabic and English to understand the use of adverb in both languages. In this study the researchers used the library research method. The result showed tha dzaraf or maf'ul fih in Arabic was mentioned to explain the time or place, which to answer the question "when" or "where". While dzaraf (adverb) in English is to show a word that describes a verb or the way an event occurs. The similarities between the two are found in the basic division of dzaraf, its basic function and its location in the sentence. Meanwhile, the difference between the two languages lies in the complementary division of dzaraf and additional functions.
(SDIK Nurul Quran Lampeuneurut, Aceh Besar) تطبيق طريقة الغناء والصور بمدرسة
Authors: KHUZAIMAH
Published: January 2022

The aims of the research are to identify the process of using picture and singing method in teaching vocabulary, to identify students’ responses toward the use of picture and singing method in teaching vocabulary, and to identify the effectiveness of using picture and singing method in teaching vocabulary at SDIK Nurul Quran. The researcher used quantitative-qualitative approach with experimental method. The purposive sampling was applied in selecting the twenty four students of the first grade “Al-Falaq”. The research instruments were interview list, observational checklist, and test (pre-test and post-test).  The process of using picture and singing methods was achieved by providing several songs and displaying pictures related to the material to be learned and the teacher avoided to give translation in the students’ native language (Bahasa Indonesia). Finally, the test result showed that t-score t= 5.037 was higher than t- table t= 1.684 (0.05) = 99.9% (0.001) which indicated that using picture and singing methods for the first grade “Al-Falaq” students of SDIK Nurul Quran was effective
تطوير وسائل التدريس بالمدخل الاتصالي في مادة الكتابة
Authors: Maimunsyah  , Khuzaimah Alfisyahrina
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the form of development of Arabic learning tools in the form of Semester Learning Plans (RPS) and Student Task Plans (RTM) based on a communicative approach in the Kitabah course (writing skills) and to determine the quality of learning tools that have been developed with a communicative approach. This study uses the Research and Development method. The research stages of developing Arabic learning tools in the form of Semester Learning Plans (RPS) and Student Assignment Plans (RTM) with a communicative approach used in the research are as follows: Literature study and observation, design, validation carried out by assessing the tools that have been developed by 2 (two) experts. The development of learning tools is carried out by taking into account the principles of the communicative approach and also the need for a higher education curriculum based on Merdeka Learning and Independent Campus. The results of the assessment questionnaire of 2 (two) experts on the learning tools that have been developed show "Good" quality with a percentage of 74%.
خصائص اللغة العربية
Authors: Sani Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Arabic language has lived through a remarkable development and has spread throughout the world in speaking and in writing. It has been able to respond to the changes of the world, including new things. It has given name for those new things  fits the Arabic Structures. This indicated the capacity and flexibility of Arabic, probably its refer to the characteristics of Arabic Language , we found many of these characteristic in Arabic Linguistic references and some Arabic linguist wrote a special book in Arabic Characteristics. The distinctives of this language include irab, derivation, sculpture, syncretism, subscription, cross-fertilization, taqdim and takhir, distraction, iltifat, deletion and addition, masculinity and femininity
SMART TOURISM DESTINATION
Authors:   Doctoral School of Economic Sciences, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania, FAUR Monica
Published: January 2022

The dynamic of the contemporary society has determined the implementation of the technology in all areas of activity. The tourism sector has answered the new challenges by offering some alternatives aimed at ensuring the increase of the tourism destinations competitiveness: using ICT to collect data, information about tourists, using new technologies in order to increase tourists’ satisfaction and locals’ welfare; the interconnectivity of the interested parties (authorities, tourism service providers, tourists, locals) through digital platforms; offering a unique experience, customized services to tourists using ICT, increasing the degree of competitiveness of the tourism destinations and their sustainable development with the help of new technologies; the innovation offered by ICT as differentiation element of the tourism offers of a destination. Thus, the smart tourism destination represents an approach centred on capitalizing the advantages offered by ICT contributing to the increase of competitiveness and sustainability of tourism destinations. The purpose of this paper is to present different approaches of the smart tourism destination.
DIGITAL PROMOTION FOR HOTELS OF BĂILE FELIX- VÂRTOP RESORTS. CONTENT QUALITY ANALYSIS
Authors:   PhD Field: Business Administration, Doctoral School of Economics, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania, MOZA Miruna Diana
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, digital promotion is a new “means” of communication between companies and the potential customer. One of the basic tools as regards the online promotion in the tourism industry, respectively the hotel industry is the website. This is a complex business card, conveyed by technology, a digital sample provided to the customer, a first impression that may bring less or more value. The website aims to direct all efforts in making known the package/service offered, to provide potential customers with all the necessary information, to determine potential customers to visit and also to act. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how hotels in two tourist resorts situated in Bihor county, namely Băile Felix and Vârtop Arieșeni, are promoted via the website. The paper proposes a specific grid for websites analysis, based on observation, using the Fisher-Rosenberg pattern as a method of scaling and drawing a series of conclusions, of trends and main shortcomings and possibilities for improvement.
THE MULTIFUNCTIONALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN TOURISM-BASED RURAL COMMUNITIES
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, România, PETELCA Oleg , PĂTRĂUCEANU Ciprian-Constantin ,   University of Oradea, România, BEȘLIU Iurie ,   Alecu Russo State University of Bălți, Republic of Moldova
Published: January 2022

The economic impact of tourist activity depends largely on the character of the area or space where it is practised (e.g., developed, developing or less developed). It also depends on the administration or, in broader terms, management of this complex activity and finality through consumption. The latter is related to both customer satisfaction and the satisfaction of the travel agency providing services, to the degradation of certain traditions and the disturbance of the economic, social, cultural, demographic and environmental balance in local communities. The globalisation process and the technological evolution determine visible and behavioural changes because competitiveness is related to technological efficiency. Tourism can generate substantial income, thus contributing to regional development and dynamizing the labour market and companies activating in that sector. By allocating various funds, we can improve the quality of services and renovate accommodation facilities, which enhances the popularity of the location and increases income, implicitly. This paper approaches rural tourism and entrepreneurship within a microeconomic approach. It is motivated by the fact that the most common tourist activities are small and medium enterprises, which are not always sustainable enough businesses. Hence, awakening the entrepreneurial spirit is one of the most notable challenges for the actors involved in small and medium enterprise development in rural areas. This paper highlights the role and challenges of small and medium enterprises activating in the tourism field in rural areas. In addition, the paper proposes a way for overcoming the constraints and difficulties imposed by rural communities, based on the connection between the traditional rural community and a human network existing outside the traditional territorial community. This network extending beyond the traditional territorial border may be complementary to the rural community. In this context, strategic cooperation becomes relevant; it is the solution for overcoming the challenges faced by other industries, too. Furthermore, rural tourism allows producers to mobilise (on a wider scale) the local resources redeemed within the mono-farm activities. Thus, they may attain the goal of using and preserving their rural heritage.
HOW THE PANDEMIC HAS CHANGED THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Authors:   Department of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania, BORMA Afrodita
Published: January 2022

The tourism industry has been one of the industries most affected by the pandemic. The borders were closed one by one, travel was limited or even banned, and people were asked to stay in their homes. For tourism, 2020 has been a continuous decline. In 2020, tourism was among the sectors most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the travel restrictions as well as other precautionary measures taken in response. In 2020, the number of nights spent at European Union (EU) tourist accommodation establishments totalled 1.4 billion, down by 52% compared with 2019. Market research confirms that 2020 has become the year of domestic tourism. 1 March 2021 marks a year since the beginning of the most difficult period in the tourism industry. People’s desire to travel has not disappeared, but their behaviour regarding the scheduling of the next vacation has changed. In 2021, tourists tend to choose more isolated destinations, with more green space and away from mass tourism. And while storm clouds appear to be dissipating in 2021 with the start of the vaccination campaign, there are still many questions about what this year’s trip will look like. As the pandemic shows no signs of stopping soon and the vaccination campaign is progressing slowly due to the limited number of vaccines and logistical organization problems, tourism cannot stop and wait for better times. And, moreover, the future of this industry seems at this moment an equation with unknown Ns. The challenges will be especially for those who receive tourists, because they must give them the confidence to start traveling again as in the past. The aim of European tourism policy is to maintain Europe’s position as a top tourist destination, while maximizing the industry’s contribution to growth and employment and promoting cooperation between EU countries. Business Magazine identified five key questions for tourism entrepreneurs to determine how and where tourists will spend their holidays in 2021.
ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN ROMANIA IN THE PERIOD 1990-2019
Authors:   Doctoral School of Economic Sciences – University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania, VEZENTAN Bianca
Published: January 2022

The paper aims to analyze the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in Romania in the period 1990-2019. The “Gross Domestic Product” (GDP) per capita indicator from the World Bank database was used to show the evolution of economic growth, and the GINI Coefficient was extracted from the Standardized World Income Inequality database to analyze income inequality. Romania’s macroeconomic result (GDP per capita) registered a continuous growth trend in the period 1990-2019. The Gini coefficient has followed the same dynamics. At first sight, this fact highlights that the phenomenon of economic growth has widened the gap between the rich and the poor in Romania in the examined period.
THE IMPACT OF SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES’ SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES ON CHILDREN
Authors:   University of Oradea, The Departament of Social Science, Doctoral School of Sociology, Oradea, Romania, VARGA Ileana
Published: January 2022

The current work describes the single-parent family in theory from the perspective of the vulnerable social group, which requires state intervention for protection and specialized and adapted support. The characteristics of social vulnerability and the types of vulnerabilities are being presented synthetically in order to identify the vulnerability of the social group of the single-parent family. Among elements of vulnerability of the single-parent family a special presentation is given to those that negatively impact the shaping of children character educated amidst such groups, as they emerge from the specialized studies on the matter. We are aiming the low academic achievement of such children, more prevalent criminal behaviour, integration problems in the school environment and in the students’ group, features that may be influenced by the absence of a parent, by financial and emotional problems of family members. The single-parent family stands for a social unit with a more and more prevalent identification in contemporary society, which makes up for a legitimate object of interest as to knowing data on its functionality, the difficulties it faces, the quality of its relations with society, the positive and negative elements that mark childrens’ life. The profile of the single-parent family and membership to this type of family may have an influence through destructured internal family social capital, so that the family’s structural deficiencies, family relations that do not match an optimal family environment, lead to medium and long-term effects on child development. By acknowledging the effects of family structure on the behaviour of single-parent family children, a certain framework of potential actions and steps may be outlined which can provide them with a safety net and can ensure them with the fundamentals of an adequate social, academic and professional life. On the ground of shared responsibility, this approach must involve all significant actors that have potential of active and proactive involvement in relation to the issue of children from single-parent families.
DOES THE PARETO PRINCIPLE APPLY IN THE INNOVATION FIELD IN ROMANIA?
Authors:   Doctoral School of Economic Sciences, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania, BABA Alina
Published: January 2022

The technological transfer entities can obtain income by establishing robust partnerships with the business environment and using the fiscal facilities offered by the region where they produce the innovation, applying for non-refundable funds, attracting individual donors, charging a membership contribution to the organization members, exploitation of innovation produced by the sale of intellectual property. A robust innovation ecosystem is based on public and private investments which complement each other to reduce the risks and to divide profits by increasing the capacity of innovation and technological transfer of the technological transfer entities. The Gauss distributions are continuous probability distributions. These are” normal” distributions which illustrate the likelihood that a certain event takes place. A gauss distribution has the shape of a bell with most values distributed around the average value and can be fully described by variance and mean. A classic example is the distribution of patents value or profit obtained because of sale of intellectual property rights. The Pareto-type distributions are found in other phenomena around us, such as the size of economic entities follows a Pareto distribution. Pareto-type distributions are more suitable to describe the economic phenomena than the Gauss distributions, for instance, 80% of the world richness is held by 20% of population (principle 80-20 which means 80% of results are caused by 20% of causes). The innovation phenomenon is deeply systemic, multifactorial, multifunctional, dynamic and complex, determined by the whole socio-economic background which influences the innovation ecosystem. Therefore, its study for the highlighting of the intervention opportunities at level of fiscal and financial policies, but also at operational level, requires an adequate, multilateral and complete systemic approach.
DECISION-MAKING MECHANISMS REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FINANCING SOURCES OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAMS IN PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES
Authors:   Doctoral School of Economic Sciences, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania, KUNTZ Aniko , DRIHA Cristina
Published: January 2022

This paper is an empirical study that addresses a topical issue in terms of decision-making methods for setting up sources of funding for investment programs in public utilities in Romania. In order to ensure a high level of security and accessibility, equal treatment, promotion of universal access and users’ rights, public utilities are subject to specific public service obligations. Considering that in the utilities services there is still a process of implementation of the European requirements regarding the satisfaction of the quantitative and qualitative requirements of the users; consumer protection and quality of life, environmental conservation in accordance with specific regulations in force, sustainable development, protection and capitalization of the public and private domain of territorial administrative units, it is necessary to introduce modern management methods to achieve these desired. The deepening of the notions, of the particularities in the field, creates the premises for finding optimal and viable solutions regarding the improvement of the legal framework of functioning and operation in the public utilities services, so that the decisional and financial mechanisms are the optimal ones in the concrete socio-economic conditions. Considering the public and permanent functioning of the public utility services, the approached topic is of a real interest for any entity in the field concerned with the efficient, economic and effective management of the public utility system. In this regard, the establishment of the maintenance, replacement, development fund for all entities in the field of public utility services (and not only for those receiving external funds) is a real opportunity, highlighted and supported by existing investment programs in the field of water, sewerage, wastewater treatment and rainwater collection.