bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the causes of death in HIV-infected individuals in 2008-2010 according to the data of the clinical infectious diseases hospital named after S.P. Botkin, St. Petersburg
Authors: Rakhmanova A G , Yakovlev A A , Dmitrieva M I , Vinogradova T N , Kozlov A A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To analyse the causes of death of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin in 2008-2010 taking into account the timing of disease, comorbidities, and clinical and laboratory data. Methods. The study included 439 HIV-infected individuals, who died in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin in 2008-2010. Two groups of patients were identified: deaths from HIV/AIDS (n=306) and from other diseases (n=133, HIV infection was considered to be a concomitant disease). In both groups, analyzed were the short-term mortality rates, the presence of drugs and/or alcohol dependency, and the main causes of death (according to autopsy results). Results. In the group of patients who died of HIV-infection/AIDS and who did not receive antiretroviral therapy, generalized tuberculosis was diagnosed most often (65.7% of cases). Other rare diseases were pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcosis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, generalized fungal infection, cerebral lymphoma, and cytomegalovirus infection. The most frequent causes of death in the group of patients whose HIV-infection was considered to be a concomitant diseases were chronic viral hepatitis in the cirrhotic stage (42.9%) and septic thromboendocarditis, which were mainly diagnosed in social maladjusted patients: patients with alcoholism or intravenous drugs users. During evaluation of the short-term mortality rates it was established that 21 to 29% of patients in different years died on the 1st-3rd day after admission, which was related to extremely severe conditions of the patients. In Russia, including St. Petersburg, an annual increase in the number of new cases of HIV infection and increased mortality are registered, which indicates the severity of the epidemic and makes it possible to predict the increase in the number of patients requiring hospital treatment. Conclusion. The main causes of death among HIV-infected individuals in 2008-2010 were generalized tuberculosis and chronic viral hepatitis in the stage of cirrhosis; the high index of short-term mortality among HIV-infected patients suggests the need for measures for early detection of HIV-positive individuals and their medical examination, as well as an increase in the number of beds in order to provide specialized care to HIV-infected individuals in St. Petersburg.
The medical and demographic situation in Kazan in the late XX and XXI centuries
Authors: Alyavetdinov R I , Shamsiyarov N N
Published: November 2019

Aim. To assess the demographic situation in the city of Kazan in 1995-2010. Methods. An assessment has been conducted based on the analysis of the dynamics of population size and composition, indices of fertility and mortality. Calculations of intensive and extensive indicators and their dynamic comparison were used as the research methods. Results. The maximum value of natural decrease in the population of Kazan, resulting from excess mortality above the level of fertility, fall on the period 2000-2001. However, beginning from 2002 this parameter began to decrease, and in 2010, when the rates of mortality and fertility equaled, registered was a zero natural growth. Reduction in the total fertility rate of the population of the city in the last decade of the twentieth century gave way to the growth of this indicator in 2001-2010. In the structure of mortality of the population in the city of Kazan the leaders are diseases of the cardiovascular system (61.1%), then - malignant tumors (16.3%), followed by - traums, poisoning and accidents (10.3%). The mortality remains high in the working-age population and almost a four-fold prevalence of middle age male mortality over female mortality has been established. The slight increase in the population of Kazan is due to the influx of migrants to the city and to the annexation of the village communities to the city. In the population structure the proportion of middle-aged and elderly citizen increases, while the proportion of children decreases. Conclusion. The demographic situation, which determines the strategy of organization of medical care for the population, should be under the survailance of the society.
Polypropylene endoprostheses in the surgical treatment of strangulated postoperative ventral hernias
Authors: Fatkhutdinov I M
Published: November 2019

Aim. To determine and implement the best ways to position mesh endoprostheses in the anterior abdominal wall during strangulated postoperative ventral hernias; to introduce methods of non-stretch hernioplasty into emergency surgery of giant hernias. Methods. 115 patients (27 males and 88 females) with strangulated postoperative ventral hernias aged 30-73 years were under observation. Depending on the size of the hernia and on the intraoperative findings different methods of implantation of the mesh endoprostheses were used, which prevented the mesh contact with subcutaneous fat and abdominal organs. For small and medium-sized hernias the mesh was placed under or over the abdominal membrane, it was fixed to the abdominal wall, the aponeurosis was sewn together in an «edge to edge» fashion. In cases with giant hernias non-stretch hernioplasty was performed. During the operation of non-stretch hernioplasty, dissection and excision of the hernial sac was performed in such a way that made it possible to use it to cover the abdominal wall defect. Results. In the early postoperative period in 17 (14.8%) patients seromas had formed in the wound, which were treated by needle puncture under ultrasound guidance. Postoperative mortality was 5.2% (6 people). In 5 cases the deaths were due to myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. One patient developed peritonitis due to suture insufficiency of the enteric anastomosis. Of all patients with lethal outcomes five patients were admitted after more than 6 hours from the start of the strangulation, one patient was admitted after 3 hours. Conclusion. The usage of techniques that delimit the mesh prosthesis from the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue, and the introduction of non-stretch methods for giant hernias in the surgical treatment of strangulated postoperative ventral hernia contribute to improved outcomes of treatment in this group of patients.
M.S. Kulaev - public health administrator of the Tatar and Bashkir ASSR
Authors: Ziyatdinov K Sh , Kin’yabulatov A U , Zagidullin Sh Z , Sharafutdinova N Kh , Aminov T Z
Published: November 2019

Mukhametkhan Sakhipkireevich (Mstislav Aleksandrovich) Kulaev was not only a physician and a talented administrator, but also had broad and progressive views for his time on the ways of developing education in Bashkiria. He believed that it must go through the exposure of the Bashkir population to the Russian culture and through the Russian to the European culture.
Brachial artery vascular wall condition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Chudinova L N
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the structural and biomechanical characteristics of brachial artery in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of varying severity and to compare the ultrasonographic data with the data of subjects of comparable age without signs of pulmonary disease. Methods. 109 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of varying severity aged 55-75 years and 31 patients of comparison group without any obstructive pulmonary diseases, but having concomitant arterial hypertension not exceeding 1st degree, were examined. All patients underwent a clinical interview, a threefold blood pressure measurement with a three-minute interval, the respiratory function study by spirometry, and ultrasonography of the right brachial artery. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were subdivided to two groups according to the results of spirometry following administration of a bronchodilator based on the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) percentage to expected values. 55 patients with FEV 1 over 50% of expected values were pooled to the first group. The second group consisted of 54 patients with FEV 1 of 50% of expected values and lower. All groups were matched for sex, age and blood pressure level. Results. A reduction of brachial artery intima and adventitial layers thickness was found in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The vascular wall in those subjects was prone to stretching, had decreased elasticity and increased tensility. In addition, there was an evidence of smooth muscular layer tone decrease in the brachial artery wall. Conclusion. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease aged 55-75 years, regardless of the severity of the disease, initial biomechanical and later structural and anatomical changes of the brachial artery associated with normal blood pressure, caused by chronic hypoxia were registered.
Mitochondrial oxidation in the internal organs of rats with cranial injury and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Meretskyy V M
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the relation between the processes of mitochondrial oxidation and the intensity of lipid peroxidation, pulmonary and cardiac proteins oxidative modification at cranial injury, diabetes mellitus and at both. Methods. Experiments were carried out on 100 male white rats distributed to the following groups: the first group (n=10) - control group consisted of 10 intact animals, the second group (n=40) - rats with simulated cranial injury, the third group (n=10) - rats with experimental diabetes mellitus, the fourth group (n=40) - rats with simulated cranial injury and experimental diabetes mellitus. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin solution. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment at 3, 24 hours, 5 and 14 days after the cranial injury. Cardiac and pulmonary energy supply was estimated by the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and hydrogen potassium ATPase, as well as by the level of adenine nucleotides. Intensity of free-radical protein and lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring the levels of neutral and base aldehyde and ketone derivatives and active products reacting with thiobarbituric acid. Results. Decrease of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase activity, a significant increase of hydrogen potassium ATPase activity in heart and lungs mitochondria was observed in rats with cranial injury, diabetes mellitus and especially with both conditions. Adenosine triphosphate tissue reserves have significantly decreased, while adenosine diphosphate and monophosphate levels increased, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation processes activated. Conclusion. In rats with cranial injury associated with diabetes mellitus, lipid and protein peroxidation intensity parameters, the intensity of oxidative stress and the levels of macroergic substanses were significantly worse compared to the same parameters in the injured animals with normal blood glucose level.
Features of elderly urban population morbidity seeking for medical aid in out-patient clinics and polyclinics in Kazan
Authors: Akhunova E R , Abrosimova M Yu
Published: November 2019

Aim. To assess the morbidity of elderly patients according to 3-year data of patient’s visits to out-patient clinics and polyclinics in Kazan. Methods. 250 patients’ charts were randomly picked at out-patient clinics and polyclinics in Kazan, containing data about diseases, forcing to seek for medical care from 2008 to 2010. Logical and system analysis, statistical grouping, a comparison method were applied. Results. The morbidity rate in elderly people according to the 3-year data was 7332.0 by 1000. Thus, every elderly patient had visited a doctor 2.4 times a year on average. The number of consultations with exacerbation of chronic diseases was 3.7 times more frequent compared to acute diseases. Most frequent reasons for seeking medical advice were cardiovascular diseases, with urogenital diseases on the second place and gastrointestinal diseases on the third place. Respiratory diseases and neoplasms were on the fourth and fifth places, respectively. Studying the number of visits depending on employment showed that it was significantly lower in employed elderly patients, and higher in employed females and unemployed males. Conclusion. The change of approaches to the management of elderly out-patients is needed, considering not only gender and sex differences, but also employment.
Functional status of neutrophils at 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt intoxication
Authors: Akhmetchenko Z A , Mufazalova N A , Mufazalova L F , Remezova A D , Mukhametzyanova A Ya
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the influence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt subacute intoxication on the functional status of neutrophils. Methods. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt (42 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically during 28 days. The number of leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes in peripheral blood, intensity of oxygen-dependent metabolism (spontaneous and induced tetrazolium test), absorbency, microbicidal activity of neutrophils in conditions of oxygen-dependent microbicidal factors functioning and sodium azide mediated blockade, the level of myeloperoxidase and cation proteins in neutrophils were registered at days 7th and 14th after the toxicant administration discontinuation. Results. Subacute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt intoxication resulted in leucopenia due to neutropenia, accompanied by inhibition of oxygen-dependent neutrophils killing as the result of peroxidase-independent microbicidal mechanisms suppression (reduced synthesis of oxygen active forms). A reduced activity of oxygen-independent killing mechanisms correlating with a decrease of cation proteins levels was also registered. On the 14 day, leucopenia was replaced by leukocytosis due to elevated numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. At the same time, the activity of both oxidative peroxidase-dependent and oxygen-independent microbicidal mechanisms in neutrophils continued to decrease, accompanied by reduction of mieloperoxidase activity, neutrophil absorbency and cation proteins levels. Conclusion. Subacute intoxication with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt leaded to quantitative and functional disorders in neutrophils that persisted by the 14 day of follow-up, indicating a need for further study of of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid amine salt immunotoxic action to find the possible opportunities for its pharmacological correction.
Level of dioxins and glutathione system status in semen of male patients with infertility
Authors: Galimov Sh N , Abdullina A Z , Kidrasova R S , Galimova E F
Published: November 2019

Aim. To evaluate of contamination of ejaculate by polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans and to analyze the glutathione system status in males with infertility. Methods. 168 infertile and 49 fertile men were examined. Semen analysis was made in accordance with the World Health Organization protocol. The semen levels of persistent organic pollutants (dioxins and furans) was determined by a combination of high-performance capillary gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, glutathione-depended enzymes activity - by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. It is found that the levels of priority environmental pollutants of dioxins and furans classes was 2,2-2,3 times higher in the semen of infertile men compared to fertile donors. The maximum level of the most toxic congener - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin - was detected in patients pathospermia, which was found in most infertile patients. The glutathione redox system status in males with infertility was characterized by the decrease in the reduced tripeptide concentration, decreased activity of glutathione-depended xenobiotic detoxification enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase), multidirectional shifts of metabolism-mediating enzymes (inhibition of glutathione reductase associated with stimulation of g-glutamyltransferase). The molecular mechanisms of polychlorinated dioxins/furans toxicity for the male reproductive system are discussed, which may be mediated by redox state-sensitive signaling systems modulation. Conclusion. Contamination of semen in infertile men by environmental pollutants of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans classes supports the hypothesis of the relationship of the reproductive pathology with environmental factors. The most important link in the pathogenesis of decreased fertility in men associated with anthropogenic pollution is the change of glutathione antioxidant/antitoxic system activity.
Experience in developing graphical user interface to R programming language for clinical and experimental data analysis
Authors: Dolgikh T I , Serbaev D A , Chekmarev G V , Kadcyna T V
Published: November 2019

Aim. To develop the software product for of medical data analysis and public health indicators presentation. Methods. R_MED software - an interface for typical experimental, clinical and laboratory, epidemiologic analysis using the R system opportunities - was developed. Results. Functionally, the program consists of the following blocks: «Load Data», «Settings», «Basic calculations», «Data Mining», «Presentation of health indicators». Interface simplifying is also achieved by the inclusion of only those methods that are most often required in medical data analysis. So, the «Basic calculation» unit includes the following statistical calculations: descriptive statistics for quantitative variables, frequency tables, bar charts and box plots, Pearson’s correlation matrix, Pearson’s linear correlation, Spearman’s rank correlation, Spearman’s correlation matrix, 2D scatter plots, defining the difference in two independent sample groups using Student’s test and the Mann-Whitney test, analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the «Settings» unit, a user can choose a set of variables and observations for analysis, to change the set of features for any value, to add, delete, rename the variable, and optionally customize the «Load Data» mode, the basic calculation, and data output. The program provides the ability to visualize data using «Presentation of health indicators» block in the context of territory, year and variant. Territorial cuts can be differentiated into three levels: municipal, regional, district (Federal District) level. To construct the maps, vector data on all 3 spatial levels are stored in the R_MED system, including the Federal Districts of Russian Federation. Conclusion. Originally developed for research problems solving of pathology risk forecasting, the R_MED program, if configured properly, can also be used in other clinical diagnostic and epidemiological studies to monitor problems of socially significant diseases and of health services, as well as in the preparation of annual statistical reports, including the regional level.
Prognostic factors for anti-cancer therapy efficiency
Authors: Erlykina E I , Kopytova T V , Alyasova A V , Terentiev I G , Gorshkova T N , Pimenov V G , Evdokimov I L , Obukhova L M
Published: November 2019

Aim. To investigate the relationship between blood plasma biochemical indicators in patients with solid tumors before a treatment and after the first course of chemotherapy with objective treatment response. Methods. Blood plasma samples taken from 14 patients with cancer relapse were studied before the treatment and after the first course of specific chemotherapy (carboplatin, methotrexate, vinblastine in patients with urine bladder cancer and irinotecan, leukovorin and fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer). The first group included patients with colorectal cancer relapse (males - 3, females - 4) aged 57-62 years. The second group included patients with urine bladder cancer relapse (males - 5, females - 2) aged 48-64 years. Free radical activity and protein oxidative modification, as well as endogenous intoxication and major mineral and trace elements levels were studied. Results. When achieving the objective chemotherapy effect in patients after the first treatment course, an increase of alpha-1 globulin and gamma globulin level, as well as an increase of phosphorus, zinc, lithium and iron blood plasma level was observed. In case of following disease progression, the opposite dynamics of above-mentioned indicators was revealed. In patients with good objective effect of polychemotherapy after the first treatment course, a significant increase of endogenous intoxication and blood plasma free radical activity decrease were observed. If the following tumor progression was observed, the tendency of blood plasma free radical activity increase, accompanied by the total protein oxidative modification activation, was revealed after the first treatment course. Conclusion. The increase of alpha-1 and gamma globulin levels, as well as an increase of phosphorus level in blood plasma after the first course of polychemotherapy can be used as prognostic factors of anticancer therapy efficiency. High level of endogenous intoxication as well as an increase of copper, iron, zinc and lithium blood plasma concentrations can be applied as the additional markers.
Novel perspective substances with selective anti-aggregant action
Authors: Kiselev S V , Nikitina L E , Vorontsova M M , Turaev R G
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the influence of new sulfur-containing derivatives of β-pinene on the platelet aggregation ability and coagulant activity of human serum in vitro. Methods. A series of sulfides and sulfoxides have been synthesized based on β-pinene. Sulfides have been synthesized by the electrophilic addition reaction of thiols to the double bond of β-pinene in the presence of ZnCl 2. Sulfides were oxidized to sulfoxides by such oxidizing agents as sodium periodate, meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid, selenium dioxide with hydrogen peroxide and sulfuryl chloride in combination with ethyl alcohol. The best result was achieved by asymmetric oxidation method using the Ti(O-i-Pr) 4/(R)-mandelic acid /t-BuOOH oxidation system. Structure of synthesized compounds was ascertained by 1Н and 13С nuclear magnetic resonance, chromatomass spectrometry and X-ray structural analysis. Clotting activity of synthesized substances was evaluated by platelets aggregating rates and standard surface-dependent coagulation tests. Venous blood from patients with ischemic heart disease and evident changes in hemostasis system were used to determine spontaneous platelets aggregation and serum clotting activity. The induced platelets aggregation was studied on serum obtained from healthy donors. Results. The basic substance (β-pinene) did not influence the hemostasis system status in patients with ischemic heart disease. The substances synthesized on its basis have shown high anti-aggregatory activity: spontaneous velocity and aggregation coefficient reduced significantly and even reached normal values in some cases. Besides, they reduced the serum clotting activity, normalized activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time international normalized ratio. However, the activity of thrombin was not influenced. The most water-soluble sulfoxide showed the most activity and almost completely inhibited spontaneous and collagen-induced and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, as well as better reduced the serum clotting activity in patients with ischemic heart disease compared to other synthesized substances. Conclusion. Taking into account low toxicity of thioterpenoids, the novel substances can be described as potentially promising drugs for medical treatment and prevention of thrombophilia and as agents for blood stabilization.
Blood biochemistry parameters in patients with hemophilia
Authors: Kosyakova Y A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To describe the blood biochemistry parameters in patients with hemophilia considering the level of lacking coagulation factor and AВ0 blood group to clarify the risk factors for complications of hemophilia and concomitant diseases. Methods. 300 patients with hemophilia A admitted due to bleedings were examined. The serum levels of albumin, urea, bilirubin, cholesterin, iron, aspartate aminotransferase were examined using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The control group included 185 healthy males of similar age. Results. Severe degree of hemophilia was diagnosed in 42% of patients, medium severity - in 36%, mild - in 22%. Low metabolic activity was found in patients with hemophilia. Blood cholesterol level of 3 mmol/l and less was the risk factor of anemia development in patients with hemophilia of any severity. In hemophilic patients with 0(I) blood group, serum iron level decrease was registered regardless of hemophilia severity, in patients with other blood groups decrease was noted in patients with medium and severe hemophilia. Serum iron level of 12 μmol/l and less was the risk factor for anemia. The albumin level was the highest in patients with AB (IV) blood group, with only a few cases of anemia diagnosed in these patients. Conclusion. In patients with hemophilia there is a tendency of losing cholesterol and serum iron while bleeding, which is the risk factor for anemia and other concomitant conditions development. Treating patients with hemophilia, it is important to consider the specific personal metabolic features associated with the AВ0 blood group and the level of lacking coagulation.
Molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of fibrinolysis
Authors: Litvinov R I
Published: November 2019

Fibrinolysis is the process of proteolytic digestion of fibrin aimed in vivo at dissolving clots or thrombi to restore the blood flow. In blood, the fibrinolytic system comprises a network of interrelated biochemical reactions that occur predominantly on the surface of fibrin fibers, the structural scaffold of hemostatic clots and obstructive thrombi. This review provides a brief description of the fibrinolytic system components and of the most important fibrinolytic reactions, including their modulation. The central enzyme in fibrinolysis is plasmin, a serine protease formed from its inactive precursor, plasminogen, upon the action of proteins and enzymes, whose formation and/or activation is triggered by various pathological stimuli. Plasmin cleaves a variety of substrates other than fibrin and therefore is involved in a number of biological processes other than hemostasis and thrombosis. There are several mechanisms moderating the activity of fibrinolytic enzymes that may become altered in various diseases. When the ratio of blood pro-and antifibrinolytic compounds is altered, hyper-or hypofibrinolysis might develop that causes and/or exacerbates hemorrhage or thrombosis, respectively. The paper contains an original pathogenic classification of fibrinolytic disorders and describes mechanisms of the primary and secondary hypo-and hyperfibrinolysis in various pathological conditions. Diagnosis of fibrinolytic defects builds on clinical symptoms along with defining the time of serum clots dissolving in vitro and serum levels of molecular markers. The principles of laboratory diagnostics of pathological fibrinolysis, based on the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms of normal and impaired fibrinolytic reactions, are reviewed. Treatment of pathological fibrinolysis implies the correction of either hyper-or hypofibrinolytic conditions and, therefore, is based on the administration of either antifibrinolytics (ε-eminocaproic and tranexamic acids) or thrombolytics (mainly, plasminogen activators) in combination with other therapies against bleeding and thrombosis.
The influence of phychoemotional stress on white blood cells circulation and thrombodynamics in healthy volunteers
Authors: Lozhkin A P , Chernokhvostov Yu V , Dvoenosov V G , Panasyuk M V , Zhdanov R I
Published: November 2019

Aim. To characterize the influence of psychoemotional stress on a white blood cells number in peripheral blood and clotting parameters. Methods. Lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes blood counts and coagulological testing were performed in fifty-one students (26 males and 25 females) during the midyear examinations. Psychological tests were used to reveal stress resistance and predisposition to stress. Results. The higher monocyte counts were found in male group under stress compared to control group. Meanwhile, female group under stress showed higher percentage of granulocytes and lower percentage of lymphocytes compare to control group. Sex differences in stationary speed of clot formation were found in stress and non-stress groups. Both sex groups showed an association of psychoemotional stress and hemostasis parameters, the differences in male group were more marked. Conclusion. The obtained data suggest that psychoemotional stress modulates immune cells and hemostasis parameters in healthy volunteers.
Features of cellular and molecular inflammatory mechanisms involvement in hormone-mediated myocardial experimental injury
Authors: Mayanskaya N N , Hidirova L D , Mayanskaya S D
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the features of inflammatory effector mechanisms variation in Wistar rats with metabolic non-coronary myocardial infarction. Methods. Metabolic myocardial infarction was reproduced in Wistar rats by adrenalin injection. Metabolic myocardial infarction was verified by electrocardiography and histological examination. Biocidal activity of blood neutrophils was determined by nitro blue tetrazolium test and chemiluminescence, cytokine serum levels (interleukin-1β, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were determined by ELISA. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde, diene conjugates and diketones blood concentrations. Catalase activity and reduced glutathione level were determined in erythrocyte hemolysate, serum activity of superoxide dismutase was also measured. Intact animals were examined as a control group. Results. In rats with metabolic myocardial infarction, oxygen-dependent leukocyte biocidity (determined by nitro blue tetrazolium test and chemiluminescence) increased dramatically from the first day of the adrenalin administration and continued to increase until the end of the experiment (day 14). Accordingly, the production of active oxygen metabolites, which intensified the lipid peroxidation, was increasing. Simultaneously an imbalance between pro-and antioxidant system parameters was detected. Serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6) increased. Conclusion. Long-term administration of adrenalin to experimental animals causes an increase in the neutrophils biocidal activity, accompanied by release of reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation intensifying and decreased compensation by antioxidant defense system, which together can be a powerful trigger of myocardial damage.
Features of inflammation course in rats with experimental hyper- and hypothyroidism
Authors: Mayanskaya N N , Rimar S S , Mayanskaya S D
Published: November 2019

Aim. To mark out the features of inflammatory reactions alterations in rats with experimental thyroid gland dysfunction. Methods. Experimental hypothyroidism was modeled by daily thiamazole intake in 50 Wistar rats. Hyperthyroidism was modeled with daily lyothyronine intake in 50 Wistar rats. An inflammation was modeled by artificial gum injury. 10 intact rats were examined as a control group. Results. Experimental hypothyroidism was accompanied by leukocyte biocidity decrease both in blood and periodontium, decreased lysosomal enzymes activity and antioxidant activity, and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. Periodontal suppurations at experimental inflammation were 1.5 more frequent in rats with hypothyroidism compared to controls due to decreased leukocyte biocidity and antioxidant activity. Experimental hyperthyroidism was associated with increased biocidity and decreased functional reserves in phagocytes both in blood and periodontium, as well as antioxidant activity decrease and lipid peroxidation intensification. Changes of tumor necrosis factor alpha blood concentration both in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism corresponded with changes of phagocyte biocidity. The rate of periodontal suppuration in rats with hyperthyroidism was twice lower on the day 7 compared to controls due to high leukocyte and macrophage biocidity. Conclusion. Experimental hypothyroidism was accompanied by intensifying of lipid peroxidation and decreased tissue reparation ability; experimental hyperthyroidism was associated with increased biocidity and decreased functional reserves in phagocytes, and less evident decrease of compensatory abilities of antioxidant system lipid peroxidation intensification compared to hypothyroidism.
Brain natriuretic peptide gene polymorphism in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Berezikova E N , Mayanskaya S D , Garaeva L A , Shilov S N , Efremov A V , Teplyakov A T , Safronov I D , Pustovetova M G , Samsonova E N , Torim Y Y
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the influence of brain natriuretic peptide gene polymorphism (polymorphic locus Т-381С) on brain natriuretic peptide serum level and congestive heart failure onset risk and clinical features in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods. 412 patients with congestive heart failure were examined. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Brain natriuretic peptide N-terminal fragment level was assessed by ELISA. The control group included 211 healthy controls with no signs of cardiovascular pathology on examination. Results. In healthy people with C/C genotype the level of brain natriuretic peptide N-terminal fragment was significantly higher in comparison with people carrying T/T genotype. It was found that the T allele and T/T genotype of the T-381C natriuretic peptide gene polymorphic locus was associated with high risk, severity and unfavorable clinical course of congestive heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease. At the same time, the C allele and C/C genotype emerged as a protective factor regarding the risk, severity and clinical course of the disease. Conclusion. T/T genotype carriers of the of the T-381C natriuretic peptide gene polymorphic locus are a special subgroup associated with high risk of congestive heart failure onset and unfavorable clinical course. Therefore these patients with coronary heart disease should be considered as a group requiring an out-patient control and preventive measures targeted on congestive heart failure and premature mortality prevention.
Depression in young HIV-positive patients is associated with anemia
Authors: Khasanova G R , Bikkinina O I , Anokhin V A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To examine the interrelation between depression and anemia in HIV-positive patients. Methods. A cross-sectional study included 99 HIV-positive patients. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration below 12 g/dL in women and 13 g/dL in men. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Results. Anemia was registered in 30.3% of patients. In 54.5% of patients depression was detected (Beck Scale score ≥10). In patients with anemia the prevalence of depression was 76.7% including severe depression in 20% of patients. Mean Beck Scale score in anemia group was significantly higher compared to the group without anemia (17.57±12.90%, 95% confidence interval 13.5-20.5 and 10.06±8.07, 95% confidence interval 7.7-12.3, t=3.2, p=0.007 relevantly). Moderate reverse correlation between Beck scale scores and hemoglobin level was revealed ((r=-0.24, p=0.019). After stratification and adjusting for potential confounders, anemia was found to be associated with higher prevalence of depression in patients younger than 40 years old. The prevalence ratio for depression in patients with anemia, comparing to patients without anemia was 1.827 (95% confidence interval 1.28-2.61, λ2=8.85, p=0.0029) in this age group. Detected association did not depend on sex, family status, disease duration, CD4-level and treatment with antiretrovirals. Conclusion. Depressive symptoms are associated with anemia in HIV-patients younger than 40 years old.
Clinical and morphologic comparison of pancreatic damage in acute destructive pancreatitis
Authors: Kaliev A A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To compare structural changes revealed at autopsy with clinical data, allowing to clinically predict the pancreatic damage in patients with acute destructive pancreatitis. Methods. Case histories and post-mortem pancreatic tissue samples from 12 patients who died of acute destructive pancreatitis, were examined. Results. Autopsies revealed the similar frequency of pancreatic anterior and posterior surface damage. Three types of pancreatic damage were observed: (1) total or extensive necrosis - 5 cases; (2) pancreatic fatty degeneration - 3 cases; (3) inflammatory changes with local necrotic lesions - 4 cases. Pancreatic morphologic changes were matched with clinical data and results of laboratory and instrumental tests that were performed in the patients who died from pancreatitis. The most significant clinical and laboratory changes were seen in patients with extensive necrosis, while in patients with pancreatic fatty degeneration and local necrotic lesions clinical presentations and changes in laboratory and instrumental tests were not so severe. Conclusion. Macro- and microscopic changes in pancreas observed in patients with acute destructive pancreatitis can be characterized as total or extensive necrosis, pancreatic fatty degeneration and acute inflammation with local necrotic lesions; matching the clinical and morphologic data revealed the relation between the extent of the pancreatic damage and clinical severity of acute destructive pancreatitis.
Clinical and psychological features of patients with cerebral vascular diseases and response to treatment
Authors: Gaifutdinov R T , Chernov D N , Perminova S K
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study clinical and paraclinical features in patients with cerebral vascular diseases and their response to treatment. Methods. 121 patients with cerebral vascular diseases (32 males, 89 females, mean age 63.6±8.8 years) were studied before and after the treatment. Patients were divided into groups according to the disease severity. Neurological status, emotional sphere were assessed, other study methods were also used. Results. Neurological symptoms characterizing pyramidal, vestibulo-cerebellar and extrapyramidal syndromes were the most frequent in patients with various cerebral vascular diseases. Symptoms characterizing vestibulo-cerebellar syndrome improved after treatment: dynamic ataxia was present in 66.7% of patients with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy stage I before treatment compared to 29.2% after treatment, in 44.0% of patients with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy stage II before treatment compared to 32.0% after treatment, truncal cerebellar ataxia was present in 86.7% of patients before and in 64.0% of patients after treatment and was associated with cognitive potential increase revealed at emotional sphere estimation. The effectiveness of the treatment was confirmed by other study methods. Conclusion. Neurological symptoms including lateral nystagmus, truncal and appendicular ataxia, characterizing vestibulocerebellar syndrome, may be improved after treatment in patients with all groups of cerebral vascular disorders, with the decrease of emotional factor influence and further improvement of the cognitive potential.
The influence of hand-arm vibration syndrome on quality of life of industrial and agricultural workers
Authors: Chetukova D Kh , Savin A A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To investigate the health-related quality of life among the patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Methods. The study included 198 patients aged 36-65 years. The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire before and after recreation treatment. Patients were divided to 3 groups according to disease severity: hand-arm vibration syndrome stage 1 - 54 (27.3%) patients, stage 2 - 75 (37.9%) patients, stage 3 - 69 (34.8%) patients. Results. Marked decrease in all HRQoL parameters measured by SF-36 was observed at the baseline. After the recreation treatment there was a significant improvement in all HRQoL parameters in all groups (particularly on «vitality» and «emotional role functioning»). The most prominent improvement was observed in patients with early stages of hand-arm vibration syndrome. Conclusion. Patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome suffer from severe decrease of HRQoL. Recreation therapy improves the HRQoL, especially on early stages of hand-arm vibration syndrome.
The effect of dosed isometric exercise on the respiratory system parameters change in second grade male students
Authors: Zayneev M M , Biktemirova R G , Krylova A V , Martyanov O P , Zefirov T L
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the respiratory system adaptive reactions to dosed isometric load in 9 years old boys during the academic year. Methods. Pulmonary function parameters change at rest and their response to isometric load were measured repeatedly in 38 second grade male students during the academic year (October, February, May). An automated cardiopulmonologic AD-03M complex was used to perform the pulmonary tests. The dosed isometric load was applied using a hand-held dynamometer at 50% from maximal grip strength within a minute. Correlation analysis of the measured parameters was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Results. The comparative analysis of the respiratory system parameters in 9 years old boys during the academic year showed the increase in pulmonary volumes and lung function at rest. Dosed isometric load caused decrease in lung function tests and lung function reserves. An increased reactivity and decreased profitability of pulmonary system reactions was observed in 9 years old boys by the end of the second school year as a response to isometric load. Conclusion. The respiratory system of second grade male students is not well adapted for isometric load leading to its over-functioning at the end of the academic year.
Organ-saving treatment of invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Sitdykova M E , Zubkov A Y , Nuriev I R
Published: November 2019

The review describes the modern approaches to open and endoscopic surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy in organ-saving treatment of invasive bladder cancer. Bladder cancer nowadays ranks the second among urological malignancies. Incidence of bladder cancer in Russia has increased by 58.6% over the past 10 years, with the share of invasive tumors reaching 30%. According to the European Association of Urology guidelines, the radical cystectomy with ureterocolonic diversion is the standard treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, the extensive surgical trauma, comorbidities and exhaustion of patients, disability and social adaptation failure as well as the high mortality rate restrict the use of cystectomy. Thereby, taking into account the dynamic development of chemo- and radiotherapy allowing to reduce the recurrence rate, more and more experts are inclined to use organ-saving treatment of invasive bladder cancer. Organ-saving treatment has several advantages: it is less complicated and costly, preserves sexual function, decreases the risk of kidney damage and provides a good quality of life. Still, scanty publications are comparing results of cystectomy and organ-saving treatments of invasive bladder cancer, causing controversial opinions and highlighting the need for further studies.
Features of hemostatic activity of 2-[3-methyl-1-h-propyl-7-(1,1-dioxothiethanyl-3) xantinyl-8-thio] acetic acid cyclohexilammonium salt
Authors: Kamilov F Kh , Timirkhanova G A , Samorodova A I , Khaliullin F A , Gubaeva R A
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study the systemic hemostatic activity of firstly synthesized 2-[3-methyl-1-h-propyl-7-(1,1-dioxotiethanyl-3) xantinyl-8-thio] acetic acid cyclohexilammonium salt in vitro and in vivo. Methods. Experiments in vitro using the blood samples form healthy male donors, and in vivo on male rats by intraperitoneal injection of the equimolar concentrations of researched substances. The effect of the firstly synthesized xantine and etamsylate derivative on the platelet functional activity in vitro and in vivo was studied using a platelet aggregation laser analyzer «Biola 230 LA» (Russia). 20 mkg/ml of adenosinediphosphate and 5 mg/ml of collagen (produced by «Technologia-Standart» company, Russia) were used as an aggregation inducers. Aggregation was analyzed using the AGGR software. General aggregation parameters, maximal aggregation value, maximal aggregation speed, average size of platelet aggregates were analyzed. Experimental assessment of specific systemic hemostatic activity in vivo was made in accordance with the parenchymal hemorrhage model on mature male rats. Coagulation time and blood loss volume were registered. Results. 2-[3-Methyl-1-h-propyl-7-(1,1-dioxotiethanyl-3) xantinyl-8-thio] acetic acid cyclohexilammonium salt showed a pro-aggregative effect both in vitro and in vivo. 2-[3-Methyl-1-h-propyl-7-(1,1-dioxotiethanyl-3) xantinyl-8-thio] acetic acid cyclohexilammonium salt pro-aggregative effect which was observed both in vitro and in vivo increased the systemic hemostatic activity, exceeding the results of the control group and etamsylate group. Conclusion. The findings reveal potentially high systemic hemostatic activity of 2-[3-methyl-1-h-propyl-7-(1,1-dioxotiethanyl-3) xantinyl-8-thio] acetic acid cyclohexilammonium salt and confirm the need for further studies of this compound and its equivalents in order to create highly effective selective hemostasis correctors on their basis.
Quality of life as part of the diagnostic and treatment process in patients with uveal melanoma
Authors: Panova I E , Mochalova A S , Vlasova O S
Published: November 2019

Aim. To study of individual components of quality of life and the impact of various factors on quality of life in patients with choroidal melanoma after treatments. Methods. 122 patients (80 women, 42 men, mean age 59.89±11.95 years) were questioned. The first group included 48 patients who underwent an organ-sparing procedure (eye enucleation); the second group included 72 patients with choroidal melanoma who underwent an organ-saving procedure (brachytherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, or combination of both methods). To investigate the quality of life, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) questionnaire was used. Evaluation was carried out during the first three months after treatment, up to 1 year, 1 to 3 years, as well as 3 years or more after hospital discharge. Results. Quality of life parameters as the evaluation of the total well-being in patients following enucleation, and after brachytherapy, laser treatment and combinations of those at different terms after treatment, were defined. Total quality of life score in patients who underwent an organ-sparing procedure at the late terms after the surgery (more than 3 years) was significantly higher compared to patients who underwent an organ-saving procedure (FACT-G scores 78.79±14.28 and 67.93±13.92), with no significant differences in quality of life at earlier terms. Conclusion. An organ-saving treatment is associated with a significant total quality of life score reduction, and performing enucleation in patients with choroidal melanoma is characterized by significantly higher quality of life levels at long-term follow-up. The decline in the quality of life in patients with choroidal melanoma after enucleation is directly related to the visual acuity of the second eye.