bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating job Burnout determinants influencing teaching employees in private educational institutions
Authors: Malik Azam
Published: October 2023

Job Burnout among the teaching employees in private educational institutions has become a big issue in today’s scenario. Job stress, job satisfaction, hectic time schedule, work life balance, organization commitment factors are becoming more prevalent among employee’s decision to burnout the present job or the company. Educational institutions are not having focused strategies to retaining the employees as they are in the process of having turnover intention which lead to burnout. Investigating the relationships between job burnout, job stress, work engagement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among faculty members at private educational institutions in India is the main objective of this study. The present study conducted through primary data by preparing the suitable questionnaire and collected the responses from 171 teaching employees of different private educational institutions in India. This study analysed the data by different tools and techniques like average, mean, correlation and regression. The findings revealed a significant association between burnout and workplace stress, as well as between job satisfaction, work engagement, and job stress. Burnout and job satisfaction were found to be significantly associated. The results demonstrate the importance of these factors in connection to job commitment and burnout. The implication of the study focuses on management must devote a lot of efforts in assessing their physical and mental working conditions in order to give services with the highest level of quality in education institutes.
DESIGUALDADES ENTRE PROFESSORES DO ENSINO MÉDIO QUANTO AO SEXO, COR E FORMAÇÃO
Authors: Moreira Alan Leite , Galvão Vivianny Kelly
Published: October 2023

Objetivou-se refletir sobre as desigualdades entre os professores do Ensino Médio da rede estadual da Paraíba quanto às categorias de sexo, cor/raça e formação. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica e uma análise descritiva do banco de dados da Secretaria de Educação do Estado. Identificou-se que a maioria é do sexo feminino e da cor negra. Quanto à formação, no entanto, as professoras negras são a maior parte apenas entre os graduados e os especialistas, sendo os professores negros a maioria entre os mestres e as professoras brancas entre os doutores. Ressalta-se a necessária formulação de políticas públicas que visem à democratização no acesso e permanência da Educação Superior e de ações afirmativas para o ingresso no serviço público e para a ascensão profissional na carreira docente.
Feasibility of Water Quality from Treated Domestic Wastewater Effluent in Bojongsoang WTTP, Bandung District for Fish Farming
Authors: Ekaputri Sakti Azzahra , Hasan Zahidah , Pratiwy Fittrie M. , Arief Mochamad Candra Wirawan
Published: October 2023

Bojongsoang Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTTP) is a place for processing wastewater in domestic activities in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia before being released into the aquatic environment. This study aims to determine the feasibility of water quality from domestic wastewater treatment for fish farming activities at the Bojongsoang WTTP in January - June 2023. The survey method was used with purposive sampling technique and conducted at five research stations with two replicates.  The efficiency of reducing sewage treatment at the Bojongsoang WTTP is able to reduce the BOD5 value by 73%, reduce ammonia by 66%, reduce TSS by 38%, increase DO by 75% and the temperature and pH parameters are stable as expected. The results of testing six water quality parameters from processed domestic wastewater at the Bojongsoang WTTP, some ponds are at high levels and exceed water quality standards. So that it is not suitable if it is used as a fish farming pond that will be consumed or traded. The performance of each WTTP treatment pond is not yet optimal in accordance with the aims and objectives of wastewater treatment (WTTP), namely to reduce (eliminate) polluting substances so that they can be used for agricultural and fishery needs.
Influence of Levels of Water Soluble Fertilizer on Yield, Quality and Economics of Sugarcane Through Fertigation
Authors: Shetty Gagan B. , Ananthakumar M. A.  , Bhagyalakshmi T.  , Yogananda S. B.  , Basveshwar Avte Shubhangi , Varalakshmi V.  , Vanitha T.  , Harsha B. R.
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya during 2018-19 to study the effect of water-soluble fertilizer levels (urea, MAP, MOP) under drip fertigation on yield, quality and economics of sugarcane. The investigation was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design with seven treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of four levels of fertigation viz., 150, 125, 100 and 75 per cent Recommended Dosage of Fertilizers (RDF) through water soluble fertilizers, 100 per cent RDF through conventional fertilizers without FYM, 100 per cent RDF through conventional fertilizers with FYM and control. The results revealed that application of 125 per cent RDF through water soluble fertilizers recorded significantly higher yield and yield parameters viz., number of millable canes clump-1 (14.33), cane length (346.33 cm), number of internodes cane-1(21.00), cane girth (13.80 cm), single cane weight (2.97 Kg) and cane yield (212 t ha-1) and was on par with 150 per cent RDF and 100 per cent RDF through water soluble fertilizer application. Least number of millable canes clump-1(8.67), cane length (220.00 cm), number of internodes cane-1 (17.87), cane girth (10.2 cm), single cane weight (1.72 Kg) and cane yield (112.60 t ha-1) was recorded in control. Quality parameters like pol (18.0%), CCS production (12.44%), sugar yield (26.38 t ha-1) and juice extraction per centage (69.65 %) were observed significantly higher with 125 per cent RDF through drip fertigation and was on par with 150 per cent RDF and 100 per cent RDF through water soluble fertilizer application. Economic perspectives such as higher gross returns (Rs. 487600 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 368532 ha-1) and B: C ratio (4.10) was noticed with application of 125 per cent RDF and hence concluded that fertigation at 125 per cent RDF found optimum for higher yield and net returns.
Validation of Bio-stimulant Seed Treatment, Soil and Foliar Application of Nano DAP, Urea, K, Zn, Cu, B Formulations in a Flood Affected Bt Hybrid Cotton
Authors: Raju Ambati Ravinder
Published: October 2023

Bt hybrid cotton faced 30-60% excess rains in 70% years since its release and four times water logging in 2021, in a deep and shallow Vertisols with Calcareous sub-strata forced to confirm all the agronomical advices to it. Water logging reduced the biomass, boll number and cotton lint yields to more than 50 percent except the fibre quality. Prevailing runoff and leaching losses of  soil applied fertilizer nutrients were accumulated at downstream, which increased the soil test values. Water logging caused reduction of index leaf N, P, K, Zn and B nutrient status below the threshold levels. Soil application of Zn and B once in three years alone or seed treatment formulation with N, P, K Bio-inoculant consortia along with nano ZnO  0.0004% + CuO 0.0001% as  seed treatment  at the time of sowing with or without foliar application of  NPK WSF 2%,  Zn 0.5%, B 0.3% or 0.04% nano formulations of DAP alternated with Urea alongwith ZnO and K with common insecticides and fungicidal sprays significantly improved index leaf nutrient status, biomass, boll number and seed cotton yields in both the soils.   Validation of these results in station trials during 2022-24 found the need for atleast two foliar application of nano nutrients each DAP + ZnO + K  followed by nano Urea+ ZnO + K 0.004% alternately at the mid and end September and October months.  This increased N, P, K, Zn, B content in index leaves and seeds with additional cotton lint yield 209 kg ha-1 worth 174 US $ ha-1 net profit by soil application ZnSO4 20 and  Borox 5  kg ha-1  yr -3   in Vertisols and three times foliar application at squaring, flowering and boll formation stage with nano ZnO 0.004%+ B 0.3% or ZnSO4 0.36% +Boron 0.2% in Vertisols with calcareous sub-strata.
Spatial Variability of Soil Macronutrients and Chemical Properties in Ujjain Tehsil of Ujjain District of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Gehlot Yashwant , Aakash  , Gallani Roshan , Jadon Priyanka , Singh Veer , Kamle Sonali , Kamle Rinku , Mandloi Subhash
Published: October 2023

Understanding the characteristics of soil and how it may be utilised sustainably makes soil property mapping a crucial process. To improve crop yield and preserve healthy soil, it is essential to understand the heterogeneity of the soil in each location in order to establish site-specific nutrient management strategies for that area. The current research was carried out in the Ujjain tehsil (Ujjain) district of Madhya Pradesh state, India, with the aim of measuring the spatial variability of several soil macronutrients and soil chemical characteristics. Throughout the research region, 150 geo-coded surface soil samples with a depth of 0 to 15 cm were collected. The soil characteristics, namely pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (Av-N), available phosphorous (Av-P), available potassium (Av-K), and available sulphur (Av-S), were assessed in these samples using standard methods. The research region's ranges for soil pH, EC, SOC, Av-N, Av-P, and Av-K were 7.01 to 8.15, 0.10 to 0.79 dSm-1, 0.30-0.60%, 139.00 – 235.00 kg ha-1, 8.00 – 25.60 kg ha-1, and 301.00 – 463.00 kg ha-1, in that order. The data were analysed using classic statistics and geo--statistics by constructing semi-variograms and mapping by ordinary kriging techniques. Semi-variograms were calculated for soil characteristics and their spatial distributions were mapped. Best-ﬁt models for measured soil properties were Exponential, Circular, Gaussian and Hole effect with Nugget/Sill (Co/Co+C) ratio for modelled variables indicated strong and moderate spatial dependences. The distribution maps of soil attributes could be utilized as a guide for site-specific crop management in similar soils. Further, this study demonstrates the usefulness of GIS- application in soil variability studies.
Studies on Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Mishra Upendra Kumar , Tripathi R. M. , Yadav Devesh , Kumar Rakesh , Prajapati Pramod Kumar , Muwel Kundan
Published: October 2023

The present Experiment entitled “Studies on correlation and path coefficient analysis in Faba bean (Vicia faba L.)” was carried out at Genetics and Plant Breeding Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya. The experimental material constituted thirtynine germplasm lines including four check varieties viz., HFB-1, Vikrant, Rebya-40 and Giza-4. The experiment was carried out in Augmented Block Design with five blocks. The results of path coefficient analysis using simple correlation coefficient revealed that the highest positive direct contribution towards seed yield per plant was exhibited by harvest index (0.836) followed by plant height (0.708) and biological yield per plant (0.471). The days to maturity (-0.578), pod per plant (-0.502), pod fertility percent (-0.188), days to maturity (-0.086) and seed perpod (-0.024) were the characters having substantial negative direct effect on seed yield per plant. The traits indicated above as crucial direct and indirect yield components merit due consideration in formulating selection strategy in faba bean for selection of high yielding varieties.
Representation of Communication Patterns Adults to Autism Children in Film Innocent Witness
Authors: Setiawan Fabianus Valentino , Lesmana Fanny
Published: October 2023

Communication patterns help a person to communicate effectively with other people who have difficulty communicating. Difficulty in communicating is the main problem for autism children so that adults are needed to help them. It takes the right pattern of communication to understand the information that autism children want to convey. This depiction can be found in the film Innocent Witness which features a lawyer who mush know and be friends with autism child to help him solve the cases he is handling. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing how to describe the communication patterns of adults to autism children in this Innocent Witness film. The researcher will use a descriptive qualitative approach using John Fiske’s television semiotics method. From this study it was found that the communication patterns of adults to autism children experienced a process of finding the right communication patterns, namely adults having difficulty communicating with autism children before getting to know them, adults must understand autism children in the process of getting to know autism children, adults are able to create good communication effective with autism children after getting know autism children. And the idology of egalitarianism which adheres to equality for all people, including in communicatig with autism children.
Unraveling Vincent Mosko's Thoughts on the Commodification of Content, Audience and Workers: A New Phenomenon of the Digital Age in Indonesia
Authors: Luhukay Marsefio , Rusadi Udi
Published: October 2023

This paper in the form of a scientific article discusses Vincent Mosko's thoughts on commodification in three main dimensions, namely content, audience, and workers. The concept of commodification is a subject of debate in the contemporary world, especially in the context of media and communication. This paper presents a critical analysis of Mosko's thinking on how the process of commodification has shaped and changed mindsets and practices in these three important aspects. First, this article reviews the concept of content commodification in the digital age. Mosko highlighted how content, which was initially individual and personal, underwent transformation into a commodity that could be monetized by industry players and social media platforms. This discussion covers the use of content as a means of marketing by companies and influencers, as well as its impact on the quality and integrity of the information presented. Secondly, this article explores Mosko's views on the commodification of audiences. In his perspective, the audience has gone from being mere recipients of messages to consumers directed and manipulated by marketing strategies. Mosko identifies how audience profiles are used to improve advertising effectiveness and how their engagement is measured in the context of marketing and sales. Third, this paper looks at how Mosko's approach in formulating the commodification of workers, especially in the creative and media sectors. Through literature analysis, this article highlights the workings of labor exploitation in the creative industries, including the role of digital platforms in shaping working conditions and influencing the sharing of economic value among workers. The results of the analysis in this article show how Vincent Mosko's thinking provides deep insight into the complexity and consequences of the process of commodification of content, audiences, and workers in the digital age. Further understanding of these concepts is expected to provide a foundation for academics, media practitioners, and policymakers to address the challenges and potential negative impacts arising from commodification in the world of media and communication.
Lipopeptide Hydrogel Possesses Adjuvant‐Like Properties for the Delivery of the GPC‐3 Peptide‐derived Antigen
Authors: Mathes Tess G. , Kim Uijin , Jeon Keuna , Estevez Paulina Juarez , Terasaki Miya , Ermis Menekse , O'Raw Aliesha , Jucaud Vadim , Khademhosseini Ali , Falcone Natashya
Published: January 2025

Peptide‐based cancer vaccines are attractive as they can elicit antigen‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with minimal side effects. However, low immunogenic responses have delayed their translation to the clinic. Adjuvants, which are required in vaccines to boost immunogenicity, currently lack the ability to simultaneously induce specific cell‐mediated effects and act as a delivery system. These concerns are addressed by engineering a novel class of adjuvants; lipopeptide hydrogels (LPHs). Myristic acid conjugated to diphenylalanine (Myr‐FF), myristic acid diphenylalanine‐tyrosine (Myr‐FFY), and combination gel (Cogel) are synthesized and tested for immune modulation. They are loaded with a glypican‐3 (GPC‐3)‐derived peptide designed for targeting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The LPHs enable the sustained release of the GPC‐3 peptide over two weeks, followed by antigen uptake by antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). These LPHs are shown to act as a toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐2 agonist, cause an upregulation of costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD83, CD86), and the secretion of cytokines (IL‐6, TNF‐α, etc). In vivo studies showed that LPHs cause an increase in leukocyte infiltration within LNs with no visible toxicity. These LPHs exhibit adjuvant‐like characteristics, thus providing a promising platform for future investigation in enhancing peptide‐based vaccine efficacy.
Synthesis of 2‐Inch Hexanary Medium‐Entropy Alloy Monolayer Via Chemical Vapor Deposition with Superior Photoelectric Properties
Authors: Jia Lin , Luo Ruichun , Zheng Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiaotao , Wang Ping , Lv Lu , Fu Longyi , Dong Weikang , Zhao Chunyu , Li Dian , Zhu Tong , Wang Yingjie , Li Minghui , Li Jing , Yang Yang , Kong Denan , Liu Jijian , Hu Qingmei , Zhao Yang , Xiong Yan , Zhou Wu , Zhou Jiadong , Zhou Yao
Published: January 2025

Mixing entropy engineering is a promising strategy to tune the physical and chemical properties of materials. Although high‐entropy in van der Waals bulk solids have been reported, entropy engineering in 2D monolayers remains unconquered. In this work, the epitaxial growth of a 2‐inch 1T″ hexanary medium‐entropy alloy monolayer (ReaWbMocIndSxSey) is reported via the chemical vapor deposition method. The atomic structure and chemical composition are confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, illustrating the uniform distribution of the six elements. The hexanary medium‐entropy alloy photodetectors show an ultrawide photo‐response from visible to near‐infrared wavelengths with a responsivity of 100.2 A W−1 under 520 nm laser illumination. Meanwhile, the hexanary medium‐entropy alloy monolayer exhibits excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen production with an overpotential of 176.6 mV in dark. Importantly, an overpotential of 43.7 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a lowered Tafel slope of 51.9 mV dec−1 under 520 nm laser irradiation is obtained due to the excellent conductivity. The work opens a new way to design mixing = entropy alloys and enables the application of transition metal dichalcogenides in photo‐enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen production.
Double‐Crosslinked Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Polyimide Aerogel Composites with Ultra‐Robust Toughness for Foldable Mechanical‐Thermal‐Coupled Protection
Authors: Chen Jia , Hou Xianbo , Chen Zhilin , Chen Liliang , Nie Shuyan , Zhu Shaowei , Liu Tao , Chen Liming , Zhang Rubing
Published: January 2025

Aerogels excel in thermal insulation due to their porous structure, but their limited mechanical strength restricts broader applications. Thus, the development of aerogel composites for equipment/personnel against mechanical and thermal hazards in extreme environments necessitates more design paradigm. Herein, a novel double‐crosslinked polyimide aerogel composite (PIAC) with an organic–inorganic hybridization approach is prepared. This composite, incorporating amino‐modified SiO2 nanoparticles to reduce shrinkage/density, offers exceptional thermal insulation from ‐110 °C to 300 °C, flame resistance, a low dielectric constant (1.4), a low thermal conductivity 0.0357 W (m K)−1 and self‐cleaning properties. Meanwhile, the PIAC allows to be manipulated into various shapes and to withstand repeated folding and unfolding without damage. It boasts a tensile strength of 8.5 MPa (2.6‐fold enhancement) and a nominal elongation at break of 54% (17.5‐fold enhancement), representing the highest fracture toughness 32.99 × 106 kJ m−3 (47.8‐fold enhancement) observed in aerogel materials to date. With the maximum energy absorption reaching 7.46 MJ m−3 when dissipating high‐impact forces, its substantial enhancement in energy absorption capacity is 60% over its predecessor, for the SiO2 nanoparticles not only bolster the matrix strength but also amplify strain rate strengthening effect. The fabricated PIAC is poised for foldable mechanical‐thermal‐coupled protection where such attributes are highly coveted.
Temperature‐Resilient Polymeric Memristors for Effective Deblurring in Static and Dynamic Imaging
Authors: Lv Ziyu , Jiang Ming‐Hao , Liu Hui‐Ying , Li Qing‐Xiu , Xie Tao , Yang Jingya , Wang Yan , Zhai Yongbiao , Ding Guanglong , Zhu Shirui , Li Jia‐Hua , Zhang Miao , Zhou Ye , Tian Bobo , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Han Su‐Ting
Published: January 2025

Organic memristors have emerged as promising candidates for neuromorphic computing due to their potential for low‐cost fabrication, large‐scale integration, and biomimetic functionality. However, their practical applications are often hindered by limited thermal stability and device‐to‐device variability. Here, an organic polymer‐based memristor using a thiadiazolobenzotriazole (TBZ) and 2,5‐Dioctyl‐3,6‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione (DPP)‐based conjugated polymer is presented that exhibits exceptional thermal stability and reliable resistance switching behavior over a wide temperature range (153–573 K). The device leverages a charge‐transfer mechanism to achieve gradual and uniform resistance switching, overcoming the challenges associated with filamentary‐based mechanisms. The memristor's exceptional thermal stability and consistent performance enable its integration into various applications, including image processing. The device's ability is demonstrated to effectively deblur images, even under varying temperature conditions, showcasing its potential for robust and reliable neuromorphic computing. This study establishes a pathway toward high‐performance, thermally stable organic memristors for advanced neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence applications.
BiOI: Self‐Powered Humidity Sensor and Breath Monitor
Authors: Das Tushar Kanti , Jesionek Marcin , Mistewicz Krystian , Kępińska Mirosława , Starczewska Anna , Krzywiecki Maciej , Przybyła Aleksandra , Zubko Maciej , Kozioł Mateusz
Published: January 2025

The self‐powered, adaptable, quick, and precise humidity sensors are required to measure humidity in the microenvironment. Here, a simple one‐step wet chemical method is presented to prepare stacked layered bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) nanoplates. The remarkable response and self‐powered behavior of BiOI nanoplates‐based humidity sensors are demonstrated for the first time. The humidity sensing characteristics of BiOI are examined within the range of 30–80% relative humidity (RH) at an operating temperature of 323 K. The highest sensitivity level of 39 kΩ per %RH is determined for a relative humidity of 75.5%. A successful attempt is made to use this sensor as a human breathing process monitor. The sensor response times at room temperature in this test are 3.04(9) s at 0 V and 3.31(7) s at 20 V, whereas the recovery times are estimated to be 6.57(6) s at 0 V and 6.42(4) s at 20 V. Future advancements in sensing devices utilizing BiOI hold the potential to yield highly responsive, ultrafast sensors with simplified device geometries, and self‐powered.
Direct Observation of Substantial Phonon Nonequilibrium Near Nanoscale Hotspots in Gallium Nitride
Authors: Xu Jiaxuan , Huang Xiaona , Sheng Yufei , Sun Qiangsheng , Zhang Hongkai , Bao Hua , Yue Yanan
Published: January 2025

Phonon modal nonequilibrium is believed to widely exist around nanoscale hotspots, which can significantly affect the performance of nano‐electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, such a phenomenon has not been explicitly observed in 3D device semiconductors at the nanoscale. Here, by employing a tip‐enhanced Raman thermal measurement approach, substantial phonon nonequilibrium in gallium nitride near sub‐10 nm laser‐excited hotspots is directly revealed for the first time. As further evidence, quantitative agreements between measurements and accurate first‐principles‐based phonon Boltzmann transport equation calculations are obtained. The large nonequilibrium is attributed to the strong Fröhlich coupling of electrons with longitudinal optical phonons and the large acoustic‐optical phonon frequency gap in gallium nitride, which is further demonstrated in other common III‐V semiconductors. This work establishes a viable approach for understanding nanoscale nonequilibrium phonon transport and can potentially benefit the future modulation of hot carrier dynamics.
Artificial Cornea Substitute Based on Hydrogel Skeletons with Natural Stromal Hierarchical Structure and Extracellular Matrix for Sutureless Transplantation
Authors: Zhao Long , Shi Zhen , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Jingting , Yang Shang , Wang Fuyan , Li Tan , Zhou Qingjun , Wang Ting , Shi Weiyun
Published: January 2025

Corneal substitutes with structural and compositional characteristics resembling those of natural corneas have attracted considerable attention. However, biomimicking the complex hierarchical organization of corneal stroma is challenging. In this study, humanized corneal stroma‐like adhesive patches (HCSPs) are prepared through a multi‐step process. First, polyethylene glycol diacrylate is cast and cured within decellularized porcine cornea (DPC) templates. The DPCs are then enzymatically digested to obtain hydrogel skeletons, which are finally integrated with human corneal extracellular matrix and methacrylate gelatin. HCSPs replicate the ultrastructure, protein components, and optical properties of human corneas and exhibit improved anti‐swelling and anti‐degradation capabilities compared with conventional DPCs and recombinant human collagen patches. HCSPs can deliver methacrylate gelatin at the ocular surface temperature (37 °C) and achieve stable adhesion to the corneal stroma upon 405 nm light irradiation. Furthermore, HCSPs promote the survival and migration of corneal epithelial and stromal cells while preserving their phenotypes. In rabbit models of lamellar keratoplasty and microperforation repair, HCSPs accelerate epithelial healing, minimize suture‐associated complications, and maintain structural stability. These findings suggest that HCSPs are promising donor corneal substitutes for clinical applications.
Flexible Synaptic Memristors With Controlled Rigidity in Zirconium‐Oxo Clusters for High‐Precision Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Cho Jae‐Hyeok , Chun Suk Yeop , Kim Ga Hye , Sriboriboon Panithan , Han Sanghee , Shin Seung Beom , Kim Jeehoon , Nam San , Kim Yunseok , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Yoon Jung Ho , Kim Myung‐Gil
Published: January 2025

Flexible memristors are promising candidates for multifunctional neuromorphic computing applications, overcoming the limitations of conventional computing devices. However, unpredictable switching behavior and poor mechanical stability in conventional memristors present significant challenges to achieving device reliability. Here, a reliable and flexible memristor using zirconium‐oxo cluster (Zr6O4OH4(OMc)12) as the resistive switching layer is demonstrated. The optimization of the structural rigidity of the hybrid oxo‐cluster network by thermal polymerization allows the precise formation of dispersed conductive cluster networks, enhancing the repeatability of the resistive switching with mechanical flexibility. The optimized memristor exhibits endurance of ∼104 cycles and stable memory retention performance up to 104 s, maintaining a high ION/IOFF ratio of 104 under a bending radius of 2.5 mm. Moreover, the device achieves a pattern recognition accuracy of 97.44%, enabled by highly symmetric analog switching with multilevel conductance states. These results highlight that hybrid metal‐oxo clusters can provide novel material design principles for flexible and reliable neuromorphic applications, contributing to the development of artificial neural networks.
The Innate Immune Sensor Zbp1 Mediates Central Nervous System Inflammation Induced by Angiostrongylus Cantonensis by Promoting Macrophage Inflammatory Phenotypes
Authors: Zhou Hongli , Zhou Minyu , Liao XiPing , Zhang Liangyu , Wei Hang , Lu Yuting , Zhang Yiqing , Huang Hui , Hu Yue , Chen Tao , Lv Zhiyue
Published: January 2025

Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC) is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis worldwide. The neuroimmune interactions between peripheral and central immune systems in angiostrongyliasis remain unclear. In this study, significant infiltration of eosinophils, myeloid cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and Ly6C monocytes is observed in the brains of AC‐infected mice, with macrophages being the most abundant. RNA‐seq and SMART‐seq analysis of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and DNA sensor gene sets revealed a marked increase in Z‐DNA binding protein 1 (Zbp1) expression in infected mice. Confocal microscopy, RT‐qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry further confirmed that Zbp1 is specifically upregulated in macrophages and microglia. Using Zbp1‐knockout mice and flow cytometry, it is found that knockout of Zbp1 enhanced lymphocyte infiltration and natural killer cell cytotoxicity, modulating the immune microenvironment in the central nervous system (CNS) during AC infection. Mechanistically, it is revealed that in macrophage Zbp1 directly binds to receptor‐interacting protein 3 (RIP3) to promote its phosphorylation, subsequently facilitating the phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (Mlkl). The activated Zbp1‐pRIP3‐pMlkl axis leads to necroptosis and upregulates pro‐inflammatory cytokines including TNF‐α, IL‐1α, CXCL9, CXCL10 in macrophages, which recruits and activates immune cells. These findings offer new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of angiostrongyliasis and suggest potential therapeutic strategies.
Advantages of subtotal gastrectomy for upper third gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miki Yuichiro , Bito Tsubasa , Koterazawa Yasufumi , Kanaji Shingo , Shinohara Hisashi
Published: January 2025

Distal gastrectomy with very small remnant stomach (subtotal gastrectomy, STG) is sometimes performed for upper third gastric cancer, instead of total gastrectomy (TG). However, the advantages of STG over TG remain fully unknown, in terms of survival outcomes, complication rates, nutritional status, and quality of life. Therefore, a systematic review was performed in accordance with the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) extension statement for reporting systematic reviews. Meta‐analyses were performed regarding operation time, complication rates, body weight changes, and reflux esophagitis by using R software. Operation time was significantly shorter in STG than in TG (Mean difference: −20.79 [95% CI: −35.59 to −5.99]). We cannot conclude whether STG is better than TG in terms of survival because of inconsistency among reports. The total complication rates (≧ grade2 and 3) are significantly lower in STG than TG. Reflux esophagitis was lower in STG than in TG (0% vs. 7.7%), although the difference was not significant probably because of small sample size. Body weight change compared with preoperative value was significantly lower after STG than TG both at 6 and 12 months after the operation (6 months: mean difference −5.31% [95% CI: −6.95 to −3.67], 12 months: mean difference −6.13 [95% CI: −8.20 to −4.06]). We revealed that STG has its advantage on shorter operation time, less complication rates, and lower body weight loss by meta‐analysis. Although there are some controversies, STG can be an ideal option for patients with gastric cancer of upper third stomach.
Clinical significance of preoperative Glasgow prognostic score in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous peritoneal metastases
Authors: Fujimoto Kosuke , Koyama Fumikazu , Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Kotake Kenjiro , Kawasaki Masayasu , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Kinugasa Yusuke , Ueno Hideki , Maeda Kotaro , Suto Takeshi , Itabashi Michio , Funahashi Kimihiko , Ozawa Heita , Noura Shingo , Ishida Hideyuki , Ohue Masayuki , Kiyomatsu Tomomichi , Ishihara Soichiro , Koda Keiji , Baba Hideo , Kawada Kenji , Hashiguchi Yojiro , Goi Takanori , Toiyama Yuji , Tomita Naohiro , Sunami Eiji , Fujita Fumihiko , Watanabe Jun , Hakamada Kenichi , Nakayama Goro , Sugihara Kenichi , Ajioka Yoichi
Published: January 2025

Background

Chemotherapy is the typical choice for treating colorectal cancer with synchronous peritoneal metastases. Nonetheless, surgical resection may be chosen if the metastases are resectable. Unfortunately, there is no reliable preoperative or intraoperative prognostic indicator. This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of the preoperative Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous peritoneal metastases.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study on 143 patients with colorectal cancer and concurrent peritoneal metastases. Our analysis included prognostic factors, such as the GPS, using data from the institutional observational study by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum.

Results

The 3‐year survival rates for the GPS0 or 1 and GPS2 groups were 32.7% and 14.3%, respectively, with a significantly worse prognosis in the GPS2 group (p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis identified GPS2 (p = 0.006) and the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) (p = 0.029) or the Japanese surgical peritoneal metastasis grade (p = 0.009) as independent poor prognostic factors. Additionally, the GPS0 or 1 group with total resection of peritoneal metastases had a significantly better prognosis than the non‐resection group (p < 0.001); however, there was no difference between the GPS2 group with total peritoneal resection and the non‐resection group (p = 0.713).

Conclusions

Preoperative GPS2 is an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous peritoneal metastases, and surgical resection does not improve prognosis in patients with GPS2. Preoperative GPSs may be used as indicators for surgical resection of synchronous peritoneal metastases.
Computer‐aided ionic liquids design and molecular insight for chloromethane dehydration
Authors: Zhao Fei , Cheng Yongqiang , Zhu Ruisong , Liu Qinghua , Liu Shuqing , Song Minghao , Lv Qingzhi , Jiang Bin , Lei Zhigang
Published: January 2025

In the process of butyl rubber production, excessive water content in chloromethane has a significant impact on the conversion and molecular weight distribution of the products. In this work, a computer‐aided ionic liquids design method was used for solvent design in the chloromethane dehydration process. The generate‐and‐test method was utilized to solve the mixed‐integer nonlinear programming problem formed in the design process. A multilayer perceptron was trained to predict the surface tension of ionic liquids. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to test the dehydration performance of several designed ionic liquids. A candidate was selected for experimental synthesis and characterization. The impact of different ionic liquids on the vapor–liquid equilibrium of water was measured to confirm the feasibility, which indicates that the designed ILs exhibit a better dehydration potential compared to the basement solvent, 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Anions play a leading role in the dehydration process.
Polygenic risk discriminates Lewy body dementia from Alzheimer's disease
Authors: McKeever Anna , Swann Peter , Malpetti Maura , Donaghy Paul C. , Thomas Alan , Mak Elijah , Carter Stephen F. , Tan Jerry H. K. , Hong Young T. , Fryer Tim D. , Heslegrave Amanda , Zetterberg Henrik , Su Li , Chouliaras Leonidas , Rowe James B. , O'Brien John T.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Lewy body dementia (LBD) shares genetic risk factors with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including apolipoprotein E (APOE), but is distinguishable at the genome‐wide level. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) may therefore improve diagnostic classification.

METHODS

We assessed diagnostic classification using AD‐PRS excluding APOE (AD‐PRSnoAPOE), APOE risk score (APOE‐RS), and plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181), in 83 participants with LBD, 27 with positron emission tomography amyloid beta (Aβ)positive mild cognitive impairment or AD (MCI+/AD), and 57 controls.

RESULTS

Together AD‐PRSnoAPOE and APOE‐RS performed similarly to p‐tau181 in discriminating MCI+/AD from controls (area under the curve 76% vs. 79%) and LBD (71% vs. 72%). In LBD, Aβ positivity was significantly associated with APOE‐RS, but not with AD‐PRSnoAPOE, or p‐tau181. Combining AD‐PRSnoAPOE, APOE‐RS, and p‐tau181 improved the discrimination of MCI+/AD from controls (81%) and LBD (75%), and the detection of Aβ in LBD (82%).

DISCUSSION

Aβ deposition in LBD was associated with APOE, while MCI+/AD was also associated with AD‐PRS beyond APOE. AD‐PRS explains phenotypic variance not captured by APOE or p‐tau181.

Highlights

We investigated Alzheimer's disease (AD) polygenic risk score (PRS), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau181) to classify AD and Lewy body dementia (LBD).

AD‐PRS with APOE achieved similar classification accuracy to p‐tau181.

AD‐PRS without APOE significantly contributed to discriminating AD from LBD.

Amyloid beta positivity in LBD was associated with APOE but not AD‐PRS without APOE or p‐tau181.

Combining AD‐PRS, APOE, and p‐tau181 improved diagnostic classification accuracy.
Enantioselective Trifluoromethylazidation of Styrenyl Olefins Catalyzed by an Engineered Nonheme Iron Enzyme
Authors: He Hua , Yan Jia‐Xin , Zhu Jian‐Xiang , Liu Si‐Jia , Liu Xiao‐Qi , Chen Peng , Wang Xin , Jia Zhi‐Jun
Published: January 2025

Organofluorines, particularly those containing trifluoromethyl (CF3) groups, play a critical role in medicinal chemistry. While trifluoromethylation of alkenes provides a powerful synthetic route to construct CF3‐containing compounds with broad structural and functional diversity, achieving enantioselective control in these reactions remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we engineered a nonheme iron enzyme, quercetin 2,3‐dioxygenase from Bacillus subtilis (BsQueD), for the enantioselective trifluoromethylazidation of alkenes. Through directed evolution, the final variant BsQueD‐CF3 exhibited excellent enantioselectivity, with an enantiomeric ratio (e.r.) of up to 98 : 2. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of radical intermediates. This work expands biocatalytic organofluorine chemistry by reprogramming metalloenzymes for innovative trifluoromethylation reactions.
Preparation of a Highly Effective PMIA/BaTiO3 Nanofiber Membrane for Particulate Matter Removal Under High Temperature
Authors: Chen Mingxing , Sun Jiawang , Hu Qian , Wang Xinya , Zhang Wei , Li Yonggui
Published: January 2025

Particulate matter (PM) pollution is widely recognized as a major threat to public health, making the development of thermally stable filters for particulate removal in high‐temperature environments critically important. However, the common polymer‐based nanofiber air filters are inadequate stability when exposed to high temperature. In this study, the poly (m‐phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) and nano barium titanate (BaTiO3) which showed remarkable thermal endurance was utilized to prepare the PMIA/BaTiO3 composite nanofiber air filter. The structure and performance of nanofibers were regulated by changing the addition of BaTiO3. The PMIA/BaTiO3 nanofiber air filter with nano‐protrusion structure exhibits high PM2.5 filtration efficiency (98.7%) and low pressure drop (60.4 Pa). Even after being exposed to treatment at 250°C, the PMIA/BaTiO3 composite nanofiber air filter can still maintain stable filtration performance. The results showed that PMIA/BaTiO3 nanofiber materials hold promise for eliminating particulate matter in high‐temperature environments.
Properties of Recycled ABS and HIPS Polymers From WEEE and Their Blends With Virgin ABS Prepared by 3D Printing and Compression Molding
Authors: de Sousa Filho Válmer Azevedo , de Azevedo Ana Caroline Santana , de Oliveira Rafaela , Bonfim Ryan Lucas Pereira , da Silva Amaral Anny Karine , da Cunha Rafael Braga , Agrawal Pankaj , Cunha Carlos Thiago Candido , de Figueiredo Brito Gustavo , de Mélo Tomás Jeferson Alves
Published: January 2025

The rapid increase in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) poses a significant environmental challenge. To address this issue, initiatives promoting circular economy principles have emerged, such as utilizing recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABSr) and high‐impact polystyrene (HIPSr) from WEEE. This study evaluated the properties of virgin ABS (ABSv)/ABSr and ABSv/HIPSr blends, with ABSr and HIPSr obtained from TV housing WEEE. The blend samples were prepared using filament extrusion, followed by either compression molding or 3D printing. ABSv exhibited a stronger shear‐thinning behavior than ABSr and HIPSr at low shear rates, indicating a higher content of butadiene rubber. The viscosities of the blends increased with higher ABSv content at low shear rates and approximated those of ABSv, ABSr, and HIPSr at high shear rates. Overall, compression‐molded blends demonstrated superior viscosities at low shear rates and higher impact strength compared to their 3D–printed counterparts.
Is cranial anatomy indicative of fossoriality? A case study of the mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui
Authors: Tumelty Molly , Lautenschlager Stephan
Published: January 2025

Determining the ecology of fossil species presents considerable challenges due to the often fragmentary preservation of specimens. The mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui from the Jurassic of China is known only from the cranium and mandible but may have had a fossorial lifestyle. It shares morphological similarities with talpid moles and soricid shrews and is closely related to other fossorial mammaliaforms. However, the lack of postcranial elements has so far precluded a definitive assessment regarding its fossorial behavior. Using a combination of geometric morphometric analysis of the lower mandible and finite element analyses of the cranium, comparisons between H. wui and extant groups are made. H. wui resembles talpid moles more closely than shrews in mandible shape. However, there are more similarities between H. wui and semi‐fossorial/semi‐aquatic moles than fully fossorial moles. The skull of H. wui is particularly weak in every tested biomechanical scenario when compared to the related mammaliaform Morganucodon oehleri and talpid moles. This weakness is potentially a result of the reduction in thickness of the zygomatic arch. In contrast, the shrew crania show similar stress magnitudes and distribution. These results imply that H. wui was not fully fossorial and fed on a diet of softer invertebrates. Skull morphology may therefore not be sufficient to infer fossoriality in forelimb‐digging species.
Construction of Axially Chiral Tetra‐ortho‐Substituted Biaryls by Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling
Authors: Qu Hong‐Yu , Zheng Wen‐Hua
Published: January 2025

Axial chiral biaryl skeletons are widely found in biologically active molecules, catalysts and chiral functional materials. However, highly catalytic stereoselective synthesis of tetra‐ortho‐substituted biaryls remains a challenging task. In this paper, we describe an efficient approach for construction of axially tetra‐ortho‐substituted biaryls via Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling in the presence of a chiral monophosphate ligand developed by ourselves. This method provides a variety of products in good enantioselectivities and good yields (up to 90.7 : 9.3 er and 82 % yield) under mild conditions. Further control experiments indicate that the chiral side chain is crucial to the enantioselectivity.
Amelioration of biased neuronal differentiation in humanized mouse model of valproic acid‐induced autism by precisely targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Hou Yilin , Zhao Youyi , Yang Dingding , Feng Tingwei , Li Yuqian , Li Xiang , Liu Zhou'an , Yan Xiao , Zhang Hui , Wu Shengxi , Liu Xufeng , Wang Yazhou
Published: January 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental diseases, which still lacks effective treatments. Pregnant exposure of Valproic acid (VPA) is an important environmental risk factor for ASD, but it's long‐term effects on the development of human neural cells, particularly in vivo, and the corresponding treatment have yet been fully investigated. In the present study, we first made a humanized ASD mouse model by transplanting VPA‐pretreated human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) into the cortex of immune‐deficient mice. In comparison with wild type and control chimeric mice, ASD chimeric mice (VPAhNPC mice) exhibit core syndromes of ASD, namely dramatic reduction of sociability, social interaction and social communication, and remarkable increase of stereotype repetitive behaviors and anxiety‐like behaviors. At cellular level, VPA‐pretreatment biased the differentiation of human excitatory neurons and their axonal projections in host brain. Chemogenetic suppression of human neuronal activity restored most behavior abnormalities of VPAhNPC mice. Further, specific modulation of human neurons by a newly developed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device which could precisely target hPNCs effectively recued the core syndromes of ASD‐like behaviors, restored the excitatory‐inhibitory neuronal differentiation and axonal projection, and reversed the expression of over half of the VPA‐affected genes. These data demonstrated that VPAhNPC mice could be used as a humanized model of ASD and that precisely targeted TMS could ameliorate the VPA‐biased human neuronal differentiation in vivo.
Perceived Benefits and Barriers of Gardening Among Urban Older Adults: A Chinese Perspective
Authors: Lin Peilin , Morris Paul Graham , Williams Joanne
Published: January 2025

Existing research exploring perspectives on gardening has primarily focused on Western populations. The present study, employing qualitative semi‐structured interviews with 21 urban‐dwelling Chinese older adults, investigated their perceived benefits and barriers to gardening. Reflexive thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed that urban Chinese older adults perceive gardening as beneficial to their living environment, physical, psychological and social wellbeing, and as a source of home‐grown products. Perceived barriers include the lack of suitable gardening sites, insufficient time and support, difficulties in obtaining materials, the inseparability of gardening and living areas and low self‐efficacy in gardening. Cultural and socially specific influences are reflected in gardening practices, such as plant symbolism, household structures, and residential conditions, highlighting the importance of locally tailored strategies for future gardening programmes.