bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Articular Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Song Chao
Published: March 2023

As the aging of the population, a chronic degenerative joint disease - Osteoarthritis (OA), its incidence and severity are increasing. Compared with cells, the immunogenicity of the exon is low and the immunomodulatory performance is excellent. Various types of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) are now being used to treat cartilage injury and disease as target drugs or delivery vehicles. A thorough examination of the existing evidence is required in light of the emerging evidence on the effective mechanism and method of MSC-EXOs in OA. This article reviews the specific mechanism and latest research progress of MSCs derived exosomes in OA treatment. It mainly summarizes three mechanisms of action of exosomes: a. Enhancing extracellular matrix (ECM) and preventing cartilage degradation; b. Promoting chondrocyte migration, proliferation, migration, and inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis, c. Influencing immune protection or immune destruction signals. In addition, the difficulties of exosomes in the clinical treatment of OA are briefly reviewed, with the hope of providing ideas for developing biomaterials scaffolds and clinical treatment of MSC-EXOs.
The Research Progress of Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Sun Qiran
Published: March 2023

The binding of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoints on T cell and B7 family will serves as an inhibitory signal of T cells’ activation, which reduces the immune response toward cancer cells. The blockade of the interaction between the ligands and receptors can prevent the deactivation of T cells. CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways showed promising efficacy and were suggested as first-line medications in melanoma, among another guideline, like cytokines, and cancer vaccines, which still undergo a stage of development. Though all treatments experience resistance, toxicities, and challenges, ways of improvement continue to be developed.
Research Progress in Target Cancer of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Hua Wang
Published: March 2023

Despite the long-standing emphasis on the role of T lymphocytes in cancer immunosurveillance, initiatives to improve the effectiveness of antitumor immune responses have been stimulated by the recognition that tumors may evade the response of T cells. Current research progress in T-cell immunobiology contributed to overcoming tumor immune escape mechanisms. Because of the inhibition of T-cell regulatory type in cancer patients, immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown significant antitumor activity. In this paper, we systematically review the current research progress on immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumor therapy in recent years to improve the accuracy of immunotherapy.
Investigation of Early Diagnosis and Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zhang Jiayong
Published: March 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a typical chronic autoimmune disease. Beyond 1.5 million patients are affected by this disease. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for RA patients. Several golden standards and tools including ultrasonography are primarily applied in the RA clinical detection. Levels of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) indicate the occurrence and progress of this disease. Inflammation is involved in the progress of RA pathogenically even though the specific cause is still under learning. T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are activated to regulate the immune responses in the disorder. As a results, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are under investigation to inhibit the increase of RA-relevant lymphocytes. Methotrexate and leflunomide (LEF) are the two most frequently applied DMARDs in this chronic disorder. When monotherapy shows low efficiency, triple therapy could be used to improve the treatment. This article briefly introduced about the definition, mechanism, and treatments of the RA.
The relationship between gut microbiota and schizophrenia: Recent research and treatment application
Authors: Yang Kunda , Qi Jingtong
Published: March 2023

Schizophrenia (SZC) is a common, chronic, and severe mental illness. Recent years have witnessed increased study into the link between gut microbiome and psychotic disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Focusing on inflammatory, tryptophan compounds, and BDNF concentrations, we examine the data that currently exists linking intestinal microbiota to schizophrenia and explain how the presumptive dysregulation could fit into accepted theories of the disease's pathophysiology. We looked at recent research and assessed the therapeutic possibility of modifying the intestinal microbiota with prebiotics as adjuvant therapy for schizophrenia. Overall, although the available information on microbiome changes in schizophrenia is extremely erratic and inadequate to draw any firm conclusions. There were successful attempts that decreased the risk of SCZ by interfering with the intestinal microbiota. The gut microbiota is a possible approach to the treatment of schizophrenia.
Advances in the Mechanism and Treatment of Major Depression Disorder
Authors: Xu Muxuan
Published: March 2023

Recently, as a common psychological disease in contemporary people, depression has gradually attracted people 's attention. The treatment of depression has gradually developed from single drug treatment to multiple treatment methods. However, due to the lack of professional knowledge, most people still do not know much about depression and its treatment methods. Therefore, this article mainly introduces the current situation of depression and its treatment methods which includes anti-depressants, psychotherapy and physical therapy, in the hope that psychological diseases such as depression will be paid more attention and patients will be treated correctly.
Emergence of the sequels under the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Xia Zimeng
Published: March 2023

Under the premise that Covid-19 virus is under better control with the time developed, more attention has being shifted to the sequelae of infecting the corona virus and how to prevent or deal with it. Covid-19 has led to about six hundred million confirmed cases worldwide as of September 12, 2022. It is crucial to get a better knowledge of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 given its global impact and the unknowable long-term consequences. The symptoms of corona virus are gradually being normalized for the whole population, and the attitude towards corona virus in Europe and the United States is gradually loosening, however, it has been proven that the illness during corona virus will last until two to three months after recovery, which is called post-COVID-19 syndrome, which is both physically and psychologically harmful. The main causes of this syndrome may be permanent damage to organs, residual virus in the body, and excessive immune response. Nowadays, the only thing that can be accomplished is to relieve the symptoms of the disease, but unfortunately there is no complete cure for it with the current clinical technology. At present, the epidemic situation continues in the world. Clinicians should improve their understanding of this disease.
Antiviral Treatments for COVID-19 and Evaluation of Their Clinical Benefits
Authors: Ying Ziyi
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 is a disease outbreak that started since the end of 2019. It is caused by the newly identified infectious virus - SARS-CoV-2 - which has infected millions of the people with high mortality rates over the globe because of easy transmission, fast spreading rate of the virus, and low acceptance rate of vaccination. Antiviral treatments for COVID-19 are critical in providing relief of symptoms and cure for infected people as well as protection and prevention for those who are susceptible to the virus. Currently, treatment for the epidemic does not have a complete cure and focuses on symptom relief. This article discusses the different types of treatments for COVID-19 including antiviral drugs, Anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, and traditional Chinese medicine. The results, benefits, and side effects concluded from clinical trials were discussed for some major treatments in each category. In order to provide more theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Advances in research on sleep disorders promoting the deterioration of novel coronaviruses
Authors: Li Heming
Published: March 2023

Novel coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) is a disease with fever, dry cough and progressive dyspnea as the main manifestations. 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV) is transmitted by contact transmission. Sleep disorders are linked to novel coronavirus, it not only reduces the life motivation of patients with COVID-19, but increases the burden on the family members who care for patients. Sleep disorder is related to the aggravation of COVID-19 to some extent. Sleep disorders are a significant factor in advance of COVID-19 into the severe disease, and the pathophysiological changes in COVID-19 also contribute to the problem of it. Sleep disorders exacerbate the body's psychological stress promoting decreased immune function, while interfering with the normal exercise of physiological functions of reactive T cells, which have specific defenses against 2019-nCOV can prevent 2019-nCOV from entering the body, so people with sleep disorders infected with 2019-nCOV will have more severe symptoms than those who do not suffer from sleep disorders. Because the link between COVID-19 and sleep disorders is poorly understood by clinicians, this article describes recent research advances on sleep disorders that exacerbate COVID-19 disease, patient sleep status, and treatment options.
The role of Amyloid precursor protein (APP) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
Authors: Wang Yufan
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, which endangered human life expectancy. Since 2020, approximately 50 million people worldwide had got AD. With the increase of longevity of the whole population, the potential threat of AD Also increase. Although the pathogeny of AD is still not entirely clear, there have developed several hypotheses for AD. One of them is Aβ hypothesis. It suggests the deposition of Aβ plaques outside the neuron cells. This may cause a series of problems. It may induce ER stress, oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation and inhabited LTP in patients’ hippocampus. These all stimulate the neuron cell death. The loss of neuron cells will further induce these symptoms and then triggered the loss of memory. Although there are still a lot of debates on the now existing drugs about AD, the further studies on the role of Aß on AD is needed.
Mimic Spaceflight: Microgravity Induces Bone Injury
Authors: Zhang Weibi
Published: March 2023

Astronauts take the risk of health problems during spaceflight. One of the most severe problems is bone injury. Though astronauts experience exercises before spaceflight, bone injury is still induced by anti-gravity. To try best to mimic the condition free from the force of gravity, most studies have explored the mechanism of bone injury under microgravity condition. In microgravity environment, osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells are all identified to alter, contributing to bone loss and function defects of mineralization. Ulteriorly, three typical molecular regulatory pathways including NF-κB pathway, RhoA/integrin pathway, and calcium pathway have been discovered till now, which reveals the possible molecular mechanism. In this article, the specific alterations of cells associated with bone and the three pathways mentioned above will be presented. Different systems are found to related to bone alterations modulated by microgravity as well. So far, the mechanism has not been completely comprehended because of its complexity. However, the current discoveries about mechanism are still valuable. According to regulatory mechanism, new therapies are designed to improve bone injury aiming to help astronauts.
The Role of TNF-α in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Feng Tianyu
Published: March 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induces articular damage through autoimmunity. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. TNF-α binds to its receptors to recruit certain molecules and forms two kinds of complexes (complex Ⅰ and Ⅱ) to regulate the pro-survival, apoptosis, and necrosis of cells. TNF-α upregulates RA by the methylation and acetylation of the RA synovial fibroblast gene and causes RA-derived joint damage through the induction of osteoclasts. Two TNF-α receptors mediate RA in opposite directions. TNF-α has been a target for the treatment of RA in which TNF-α inhibitors (TNFi) are administrated periodically for RA patients. Several mechanisms in the RA-related TNF-α signaling pathways remain imprecise including the regulation of regulatory T cells, osteoclast induction, and the potential interaction with the hypoxia-inducible factor. Further investigation into these questions may point out new methods for RA treatment to overcome the defects of current TNFi such as the anti-drug antibodies.
Medical Therapies in Prolactinomas Patients Resistant to Bromocriptine
Authors: Shen Xinxi
Published: March 2023

Prolactinoma is the most common pituitary tumor. Bromocriptine(BRC) is a dopamine receptor agonist(DAs), which is one of the medical treatments for prolactinomas. However, about a quarter of patients are resistant to BRC. The aim of this article is to explore medical treatment for prolactinoma patients who are resistant to BRC, including increasing the dose of BRC and substituting drugs (cabagoline, temozolomide). Since prolactinomas is predominantly microadenoma, medical therapy based on DAs is the first-line treatment. Cabergoline (CAB), belong to DAs, is progressively substituted for BRC because of its excellent tolerability and better efficacy. In addition, small percentage of patients with prolactinomas are aggressive, this means that they are naturally resistant to DAs. High doses of CAB and standard doses of TMZ are treatments for aggressive prolactinoma, however, the use of high-dose CAB has been linked to an increased risk of cardiac valvopathy in patients with both Parkinson's disease and prolactinoma. Hence, TMZ, last conservative treatment, is recommended for this subset of patients.
Research Status of HIF-1α at Cartilage Level
Authors: Chu Yuanyuan , Lu Yaobing , Shi Chuning , Song Ge
Published: March 2023

Regulation of hypoxic cell survival and function requires adaptation to hypoxia, which is primarily mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α). Cartilage and chondrocytes are exposed to a physiological hypoxic environment and studies have revealed that HIF-1α primarily involves in chondrocyte survival, cartilage metabolism, cartilage osteogenesis and maintenance of chondrocyte homeostasis as well as cartilage disease. HIF-1α is a cellular oxygen receptor that detects changes in cellular oxygen levels in an acute manner. HIF-1α can regenerate chondrocytes among patients with osteoarthritis. Moreover, the fibrous ring and nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disc can be renovated by HIF-1α. In this paper, activation of HIF-1α through mechanical factors and metal ions is discussed. Its ability of boosting oxygen levels in hypoxic surroundings and decreasing them in enriched conditions is reviewed, which is carried out via some downstream genes. In addition, participation of HIF-1α in chondrocyte survival, cartilage metabolism, cartilage osteogenesis and maintenance of chondrocyte homeostasis as well as cartilage disease is introduced.
Effect of Chronic Disease on the Aging Population
Authors: Ye Jiahao
Published: March 2023

This essay is written to study the effect of chronic diseases on the aging population.  The target of this study is the aging population as well as the future generation. This study acts as a guide for the aging population in terms of the different chronic diseases and their effects on humans. In addition, this study also acts as a catalyst for the future generation in terms of prevention methods and guidelines for a healthier lifestyle. This study used a combination of previous experiments and studies as well as public health disease prevention brochures to determine the optimum study methods. Overall, this study concludes that chronic disease within the aging population is inevitable, however with different ways of prevention methods, such as a regular exercise routine and a healthy eating diet, the probability of a lethal chronic disease can be reduced.
A Possible Blue Print of Addressing mRNA Vaccine Efficacy
Authors: Li Boran
Published: March 2023

As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, more and more strategies to combat this pandemic have been proposed, and the mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 has been considered as one of the most potential therapies to terminate the pandemic. However, a few problems of it have been discovered during the whole investigation, such as instability, poor efficacy. Meanwhile, some researchers illustrated that improving the dose of mRNA vaccine to get better efficacy may induce worse adverse reactions due to the delivery of vaccine was ‘lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)’. High level of LNPs would induce cell death by their toxicity, Therefore, some new modifications of mRNA should be paid attention and applied to produce the new mRNA vaccine. It is possible to promote the development of mRNA vaccine for better stability, efficacy, and lower price. This review introduces current modifications of mRNA vaccines for improved stability and discusses some novel ideas.
Research Progress of Polysaccharides and Cancer Treatment
Authors: Jiang Yixiao
Published: March 2023

Over the past decade, scientists have already discovered several methods for cancer treatment, however, most of the treatments have various kinds of negative side effects. Researchers have focused on creating medications with few adverse effects for cancer because it is one of the most fatal diseases. Due to their anti-tumor properties and non-toxic attributes, bioactive macromolecules like polysaccharides are seen as viable options against cancer. Nowadays, there have been many studies on the mechanisms and possibilities of polysaccharides against tumors, and this paper attempts to summarize the progress and main problems achieved so far in polysaccharides against cancer. This article will start from these aspects, the idea of cancer treatment, how cancer affects the immune system, how polysaccharides are absorbed and processed, how they are used in anti-tumor therapy, and how they work are all covered in the current review. Future therapeutic research will place a high priority on polysaccharides since they have the potential to be significant therapeutic targets.
Preface: 2022 International Conference on Automobile Engineering and Traffic Science (AETS 2022)
Authors: Ferguson Michaelia , Hong Yun
Published: March 2023

The 2022 International Conference on Automobile Engineering and Traffic Science (AETS 2022) was held virtually on December 17-18, 2022 in Milan, Italy, due to the pandemic Covid-19. AETS 2022, as a major international conference on automobile engineering, vehicle engineering, mechanical engineering, road safety, intelligent transportation system and traffic science, aims at bringing together researchers from the world and providing them with a high-qualified platform to share their latest studies and inspiring findings.

The AETS 2022 aims to provide a platform for participants from diverse field to exchange ideas and findings to promote cooperation, networking as well as knowledge sharing in engineering practice. The conference includes the fields of i) Automobile Engineering, ii) Vehicle Engineering, iii) Mechanical Engineering as well as iv) Traffic Science and Transport System. After a rigorous peer-review process, less than 50 papers were accepted. The accepted papers that focused on theory, applications, design and experimental studies relevant to these fields were invited to present in this conference.

We want to express our gratitude to all reviewers, both local and international, for their time and effort in reviewing the papers. Their feedbacks to the authors have been excellent and useful to ensure the high quality of papers for the conference. Our sincere thanks also go to the organizing committee members for their hard work, cooperation and insights in ensuring the success of this conference.

AETS 2022 Conference Committees

Milan, Italy
Optimization Strategies for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Practical Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Chi
Published: March 2023

As the environmental pollution caused by traditional fuel cars is becoming increasingly serious, electric vehicles (EVs) driven by green energy have become a new trend, and there is a growing demand for the energy source. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the most widely used type, have become the ideal power source for practical EVs. However, although the superiorities of LIBs make them stand out in a crowd of EVs, several shortcomings still have not been solved, which hinder the further development of EVs to a certain extent. Firstly, this paper will briefly analyze the two most commonly used LIBs in EV at present- lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium batteries. Secondly, the superiorities of the two types of batteries in performance, cost and fabrication will be pointed out separately. Considering the batteries' shortcomings and according to relevant professional literature, there will be detailed optimization strategies for electrodes and electrolytes as well as a description of recent advances in LIBs for EVs.
Smart Design of Modern Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chen Yuchu , Liu Chang , Wang Ruicong
Published: March 2023

This article is about the battery of electric vehicles since the battery is the power of the electric vehicle, which is the heart of the electric vehicles. The battery takes an important place in electric vehicles, also the main difference between gasoline vehicles is one has gasoline another one has a battery. Battery control almost all the things on the electric vehicles, it also included the speed and continuation which SUVs, that kind of vehicles can run far away than the normal internal combustion vehicles; Noise reducing using the Model Y materials for the electric vehicles to reduce the noise made from the electric vehicles and is quieter; and lastly safety of the electric vehicles, so if the electric vehicles are easy to have the car accident too often no one is going to buy this electric vehicle and to affect the safety of the electric vehicles, people have to come back to the start which is battery control the safety of the electric vehicles.
Development Status and Problem of Intelligent Transportation System in China
Authors: Zheng Fuyou
Published: March 2023

With the rapid growth of China's population and urbanization, the need for urban transportation has surged. Effective technical support such as an intelligent transportation system (ITS) will be a traffic solution to avoid too much congestion. Effective ITS is supposed to provide protection for daily traffic operations, reduce traffic congestion, minimized environmental effects, energy conservation, and significantly improve the level of service. ITS is designed based on current traffic status to fit future urban development will be more and more important.
Research on Carbon Emission of ICEV and BEV Based on Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Peng Chuanpu , Meng Chenbo
Published: March 2023

Under the carbon neutrality and carbon peaking goals, the automobile industry faces severe challenges in reducing the carbon emissions. This research adopts life cycle assessment to measure the carbon emissions in fuel cycle from ICEV (internal combustion engine vehicle) and BEV (battery electric vehicle) sold in China to provide reference for future work in carbon emissions’ reduction.
Recent Advances of the Development and Optimization Design of Passive Microfluidic Mixers
Authors: Yin Shuai
Published: March 2023

In recent decades, the micromixers are developing very fast. They have wide application in biology and chemistry. Also, micromixers are widely used in both industry and academia situations. Many research are conducted to find novel design of micromixers. The existing micromixers can be classfied into two categories: active and passive micromixer. Active micromixers need external energy supply whereas passive mixers only use geometric structures to finish mixing. In passive micromixer, the diffusion is the main way to mix fluids. Researching the active micromixer is much more complicated because there are many variables to control. This paper mainly discuss the recent advances of of the development and design principles of passive micromixers. Several types of passive micromixers are studied, such as serpentine mixers and trapezoidal-zigzag mixers. Ways to obtain and measure those passive micromixers are studied, such as the layout optimization method. The main findingas include that the non-rectangular micromixer and the trapezoidal-zigzag mixers shows great mixing performance, and many design of micromixers are obtained by the layout optimization method.
Mechanical Analysis and Optimal Design of Wave Energy Device
Authors: Zhu Jieke , Geng Xuyang , Zhang Siyu
Published: March 2023

At present, the global energy problem is serious. Wave energy is the kinetic energy and potential energy of waves on the ocean surface. Because of its high energy density, wide distribution, and long continuous operation of the device, it has become the focus of academic research. The key problem to be solved urgently for the large-scale application of wave energy is how to optimize the energy conversion efficiency of wave energy devices. This paper starts from the Newtonian dynamic equation, analyzes the motion state of the wave energy device in different wave environments, and studies the optimization and control of its power output. This paper first adopts the analysis method of first whole and then isolation, and establishes a one-dimensional coordinate system with the zero point of sea level. Then, the force analysis of the system is carried out, the dynamic differential equation is established, and the initial draft of the system is solved through the initial balance equation. Since the dynamic equation is a second-order linear ordinary differential inhomogeneous linear equation, the fourth-order Runge is used. The Kutta method is used to solve the problem, and the numerical solution for the position and velocity of the float is obtained. Secondly, the movable coordinate system is established with the float as the reference system, and the force analysis of the oscillator is carried out to obtain its relative dynamic equation. Then, the initial relative position of the oscillator is solved through the initial balance equation, and the relative dynamic differential equation is obtained by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to obtain the numerical solution of the relative position and relative velocity of the oscillator with respect to time. Finally, the numerical solution of the absolute position and absolute velocity of the oscillator with respect to time is obtained through coordinate transformation.
The Research of the Fluid Dynamics of Trains
Authors: Chen Kaixin
Published: March 2023

Trains have been the main means of transportation in the world for a long time. Therefore, the progress and design of trains has been a widely debated topic, and how to reduce the wear and tear of trains is a major aspect. There are many factors that can affect the resistance of a train as it moves. Including but not limited to Locomotive shape, the smoothness of the connections between the carriages of a train, the wheel axle and the adsorption device under the train and the train’s relative velocity with respect to air. This paper will study two main aspects of train fluid resistance. The first is the locomotive shape, that is, the effect of differences in the external shape of the train on the surrounding fluid. The other is the speed of the train, which is the influence of the relative speed of the train and the surrounding air flow on the surrounding fluid.
Research on the External Fluid Flow of a Round Cylinder with CFD
Authors: Sui Mingxuan
Published: March 2023

Fluid mechanics is a frequently applied discipline, and technology advancements have substantially improved how engineers’ approach and solve issues, and one of them is CFD. The purpose of the study was to evaluate how closely CFD adheres to accepted engineering principles. Selected CFD conducts computations to compare the magnitude and direction of drag coefficient changes under conditions of rising Reynolds number by simulating conditions in a wind tunnel to gather data on the object's reaction to fluid velocity. Within this range, the drag coefficient decreases with increasing Reynolds number. The simulated Reynolds number and drag coefficient do have a consistent relationship with the facts.
Studying the Relationship Between Aircraft Stability and Shape Based on Hydrodynamics
Authors: Ding Tianyi , Lv Chenlai , Wang Zihan
Published: March 2023

In recent years, with the rapid development of industrial technology, the application of fluid mechanics in the industrial field has become more and more frequent and has been well developed. Of course, more and more scholars gradually pay attention to the development and application of fluid mechanics. As an important means of transportation in daily life, aircraft plays an important role in both civil and military affairs. The development of fluid mechanics has made an important contribution to solving the problems of aircraft design and stability. In this paper, the application and research status of hydrodynamics in aircraft design will be reviewed by means of literature analysis. At the same time, the application of hydrodynamics in aircraft design and life will be reviewed from many aspects, and the future development trend of hydrodynamics will be prospected. So far, there are many difficulties and hotspots in the development of fluid mechanics, and this paper will focus on these contents. I hope it can provide direction for its later development.
Causes of Understeer and New Solutions
Authors: Deng Jian , Zhang Xingjian
Published: March 2023

This study will discuss the problem of vehicle understeer, in order to explore the situation that the vehicle steering action can not be completed smoothly. With the development of the automobile industry, the vehicles produced by many automobile manufacturers still have the problem of insufficient steering. So we take BMW M3 as the research objects. So far, the known causes of vehicle understeer are camber, automobile suspension, tire wear and so on. The above three problems have been explained in other papers. On their basis, we propose that when turning, the size of the steering angle is related to whether it can turn, and at the same time, the steering angle is related to the turning time. So we make a conjecture whether changing the steering time can improve the problem of understeer. In order to verify this conjecture, we model the vehicle, analyzed various data and charts, and finally came to the conclusion that changing the steering time can improve the problem of understeer. I hope our article can provide a new idea for the future research on understeer.
Study on the Self-Aligning Torque of BMW and Chevrolet During Driving and Its Influence on Vehicle Dynamic Performance
Authors: Wang Zilong , Zhang Guyan
Published: March 2023

The existence of self-aligning torque makes the wheel direction of the car consistent with the driving direction, which is the key to ensure the stable straight-line driving of the car. In this paper, we will mainly apply Python to establish the force and motion models of BMWM3 and Chevrolet under different driving modes, and work through the function of the self-aligning torque through the classical calculation model of the self-aligning torque. In our calculation, we examine the variation of self-aligning torque of BMW and Chevrolet with the change of time under various driving conditions. Then, we evaluated the dynamic mechanical properties of the vehicle during driving, and provide reference for the design of vehicle parameters. We also proved their relationship between self-aligning torque and slip angle for the two cars and found the maximum torque values according to the slip angle. Use such model, it becomes possible to calculate the real-time self-aligning torque only with the data measured by python programming.
Analysis of the Current Status of Research on Fluid Flow in Microchannels
Authors: Fan Haocheng
Published: March 2023

The main factors influencing the resistance to the flow of liquids in microchannels are the friction factor, the surface tension and the Poiseuille number. In this paper, the liquid itself and the surface properties inside the channel are analyzed from two perspectives. The specific influencing factors are first listed and elucidated, and then their effects are compared and corroborated by citing experimental results from other expert teams. The paper concludes with some relationships between the properties of the inner surface and the fluid resistance: the shape of the cross-sectional area of microchannels plays no important role in the fluid resistance, and the fluid is subjected to greater resistance in hydrophilic and rough inner surfaces. This can provide suggestions and guidelines for the design of microchannels.
Face Expression Recognition using Deep Neural Network
Authors: Li Mingze , Xie Qi , Yang Zhaohan , Zhang Aijun
Published: March 2023

The research topic concerned in this paper is creating a machine learning model for facial expression recognition (FER). It is a technology to which uses biometric markers to detect emotions in human faces. FER is important because of human-computer interaction, pattern recognition and image recognition. Three components are containing in our method, including dataset construction, model building and Emoji generation. First, the authors aim to build a hand-crafted Convolutional Neural Network to recognize the emotion and designed a GUI in which generates the corresponding emoji derived from the facial expression put in. This paper tested our model in the popular FER2013 dataset and our model achieves 89% accuracy on the dataset, which validates the satisfying performance of our method. Our method can both achieve satisfying accuracy on the dataset and show its strong application ability in most of the tasks. The method can be applied to the real-world scenes for expression recognition and emoji generation.
Linear Programming for Influence Maximization Problems in Social Networks Based on Diffusion Models
Authors: Zhang Pengxuan
Published: March 2023

Influence maximization is a challenging problem that combines optimization and the study of social sciences. The purpose is to find the most influential individual within a society with a limited number of initial nodes. With the increasing use of social networks these years, Understanding and using forceful diffusion will spread social events or innovations far more widely than the conventional perspective of communication. Many studies have focused on providing algorithmic methods, ignoring the study of finding the optimal point. Although it is still difficult for computer community to settle massive influence maximization issues computationally, it presents a significant opportunity to build operations research-based models, approaches, and analyses at this interface. In the current research, the influence maximization problem is investigated as a discrete optimization issue on social networks. It focuses on the creation of precise techniques for resolving massive cases near the optimal and will provide two classical diffusion models describing the propagation of influence in networks. Finally, given the additional constraints considered, an extension of the trigger model with effective analysis is proposed.
Research on the Impact of the Rent in Shanghai Based on Multiple Linear Regression Model
Authors: Zhang Yichuan
Published: March 2023

In today's era, renting has become one of the most important ways of living for young people. Therefore, finding the main influencing factors of rent has important guiding value for both tenants and the government. By establishing a multiple linear regression model, this paper analyzes about 2,900 rental data collected from Shanghai, and obtains the relationship between Shanghai housing rent and some main influencing factors. Some variables are processed to be incorporated into a multiple linear regression model. In the process of establishing the model, the variables that have a significant impact on rent are screened out by significance testing. The model shows that the zone where the house is located and the type of lease have a greater impact on rent, while other factors such as the size of the house have less impact on rent. These results can help tenants make better choice about which to rent and help the government to regulate rental prices.
Comparison the Massive Star Formation Theorem of Collision and Accretion
Authors: Lin Shuping
Published: March 2023

Massive star (M≥10 M⊙) is so luminous that the radiation pressure has negative effects to the formation itself. There are several mainstream theories could explain how massive star form in this particular surrounding. The collision theory and accretion would be discussed in this paper. Compared to the collision case, star is more likely to form massive by the accretion process. The simulation of collision case seems to work well. However, there is no evidence that astrophysicists have been found in the observation that supports this theory. The paper summarizes the simulation of two mainstream theories and the limitation for the research of high-mass star formation. The paper also proposes a possible method by analyzing the geometry of Wolf-Rayet star. With the development of models of gas distribution, hydrodynamical and mathematics work, it is necessary to calculate the gas structure in order to speculate the history of protostar in the center. These results could also provide reference and guidance for investigation of star formation.
Quantum-enhanced MRI Sensitivity: Dissolution-dynamic Nuclear and Parahydrogen-induced Polarization
Authors: Wang Xiai
Published: March 2023

Contemporarily, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely utilized in medical diagnostic. Among various features, the signal intensities serve as the key role in resolution of the detection results. In general, the MRI signal intensities can be substantially increased by several orders of magnitude via dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) and parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP). This study exhibits the general principles and components of the preparation of these two methods, as well as illustrates the current applications and limitations of d-DNP and PHIP both theoretically and analytically. The experimental conditions, including temperature, magnetic field strength, and whether microwave irradiation is required, are described and contrasted. According to the analysis, the advantages and drawbacks of these two approaches have been compared, along with expectations and outlooks of the future development of quantum-enhanced MRI techniques, in terms of the MRI signal sensitivity. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of enhancing the resolution of MRI.
Gamma Photons and electron-pairs Generation estimation for collision of PW-class Laser and electron beams
Authors: Long Cheng
Published: March 2023

After the proposal of the concept of CPA techniques, the laser intensity has boosted dramatically since then. As the focusing intensity of the laser beam reaches the order above 1023 W/cm2 for multiple PW laser facilities, the laser material interaction enters the QED regime, where the gamma photons generation and electrons-positron pairs generation can be realized. This paper provides an overview of the current research in the field of electrodynamics about laser intensities and electron generation. Basic theories of the generation of e and e- pair and photons are introduced. The history of the development of major laser facilities with high-laser intensities is introduced, and the laser facilities are compared and discuss in terms of the electron generations. The results are further compared with the PIC simulation and typical generation scenarios are demonstrated. Potential limits are mentioned as the drawbacks of the models. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of laser-plasma interactions in the extremely strong intensity laser beam.
A review of heart rate measurements for smartwatches
Authors: Wang Yiwei
Published: March 2023

Heart rate is one of the most important physiological data of basic signs in human activities. By daily monitoring of heart rate data, it is helpful to know the running condition and state of the body in time. For some people with heart disease, timely heart rate monitoring can help to launch a daily warning. With the development of information technology, smart health wearable products represented by smart watches are widely popular, and heart rate detection function has been added to the products. This paper introduces the principle of heart rate detection, studies and discusses two detection schemes for the heart rate detection function on smartwatches, and compares the two schemes to obtain the advantages and disadvantages of the existing heart rate detection schemes, so as to provide people with a better choice of smartwatches.
The World of Fourier Series
Authors: Chen Guanting
Published: March 2023

The idea of Fourier analysis is to express general functions as sums of other choices of basic functions such as sines and cosines. One can interpret it as decomposing a vector into a set of basis vectors in the context of linear algebra. This paper will discuss differential equations and specifically focusing on approximating solutions using Fourier analysis. In modern times, Fourier analysis is not only used in the field of signal processing. As an important subfield of mathematical analysis, Fourier analysis has been broadly applied to various engineering fields, such as image processing, vibration analysis, acoustics, etc.
House Rent Analysis with Linear Regression Model—— A Case Study of Six Cities in India
Authors: Cai Zonglin , Zhao Yiqing
Published: March 2023

House rent in India has been rising significantly ever since the pandemic hit the country. In situations like this, it is important for consumers to have the concept of a reasonable rent price, as otherwise, they may suffer from landlords raising rents deliberately. To resolve this issue, a prediction model for rent prices is necessary. This study analyses rent data from six cities (Kolkata, Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi, Chennai and Hyderabad) in India with multiple variables, including size, furnishing status, and the number of bathrooms, bedrooms, halls, and kitchens and creates a prediction model based on the data. The main analytical methods used are linear regression and logarithmic transformation. This study also includes a general factor analysis based on the data. The results suggest that this model is reasonably accurate for reference uses, but needs further improvements if it is to be used commercially.
A Review of Two Types of New Key Technologies of 6G
Authors: Ma Xikai
Published: March 2023

The increasing need of future 6G wireless communication of higher transmission rate, larger network capacity, higher energy efficiency has been calling for the development of new key technologies. Among them, the two most popular and promising technologies are new spectrum access technology and efficient wireless transmission technology. New spectrum access technology intends to achieve the utilization of more available spectrum resources with higher frequency and wider bandwidth so that it can highly improve the data transfer rate and expand the network capacity. It includes Terahertz communication technology and visible light communication technology. Efficient Wireless Transmission technology aims to make new breakthroughs in traditional signal transmission mode and achieve larger channel capacity so that network coverage and security can be improved, and signal transmission loss can be decreased. It contains IRS technology and Spatial multiplexing technology. Properties of each technology, such as principles, advantages, application scenarios, are discussed in this paper. In chapter 2, new spectrum access technology is introduced, and efficient wireless transmission technology is introduced in chapter 3.
Current Status and Applications of Bluff Body Aerodynamics Theorem
Authors: Zhao Zijie
Published: March 2023

With the development of aerospace science and technology, the aerodynamic characteristics of spacecraft has become an important research topic. The aerodynamic configuration of reentry spacecraft represented by the bluff body theory has been widely used in various spacecraft. A large number of studies show that it has good effects in reducing aerodynamic heating caused by turbulence and improving the reentry stability of spacecraft. At the same time, the research of aerodynamic characteristics can not only solve the problems in many engineering fields, but also promote the development of many other disciplines, such as fluid mechanics. Aerodynamic characteristics play a more and more important role in the aerospace field, not only providing ideas for spacecraft design and application analysis, but also providing solutions for spacecraft in flight. The research topic of this paper is to summarize and review the research and exploration of this aerodynamic configuration at home and abroad. Through the application of bluff body in different functions of spacecraft and the specific analysis of historical accidents, this paper summarizes the importance of bluff body theory to the safety of spacecraft during reentry.
Recent Development and Applications of Magnetism in Biomedicine
Authors: An Zezhong
Published: March 2023

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), a cell isolation approach that relies on immunofluorescent signals, is among the most frequently applied approaches. Due to the inherent advantages of microfluidic devices in terms of small size, short detection time and low cost, their application in biotechnology are currently being investigated. Current research by scholars was reviewed by the literature method. Micro-magnet matrices can be used to move multiple cells in cell manipulation, and open tubular with magnetic trapping bead trap beds can be useful in trapping blood cells. The trapping and separation of blood cells have been better progressed, and future studies can concentrate on the concurrent sorting of several targets at high purity, recovery, and throughput levels, label-free continuous separation of cell mixtures, and the sorting of different cells by changing the device environment around the properties of the magnetic device itself.