bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Ibuprofen under Visible Light Irradiation Using Silver and Cerium Co‐Doped Mesoporous TiO2
Authors: Chaker Hanane , Fourmentin Sophie , Chérif‐Aouali Leila
Published: October 2020

Water contamination by pharmaceutical compounds has become one of the most serious problem for environment. The use of solar illumination as a renewable energy associated to nanomaterials is an alternative solution for disinfection of wastewater. Therefore, there is a great challenge in green chemistry research to synthesize robust and efficient catalysts for the degradation of organic pollutant under visible light. In this study, we describe new ways to decorated mesoporous TiO2 with cerium (Ce) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles. Indeed, mesoporous TiO2 was co‐doped with Ag and Ce using two different methods: co‐impregnation (Co‐IMP) and co‐deposition precipitation with urea (Co‐DPU). The prepared catalysts were characterized using different analytical techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DR/UV‐vis) and N2 adsorption/desorption. The effect of the preparation method has been evaluated in the photodegradation of ibuprofen (IBP) under visible light irradiation. The obtained results underlined the improvement of photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 by metals under visible light. A mineralization of IBP up to 98 % was achieved after 4 h irradiation for the catalyst prepared by co‐deposition precipitation with urea. Therefore, this catalyst could be suitable for the treatment of pharmaceuticals in aqueous media using solar light as the energy source.
Multiscale Microstructure for Investigation of Cell–Cell Communication
Authors: Schneider Ann‐Kathrin , Scharnweber Tim , Cammann Destiny , Rapp Bastian , Giselbrecht Stefan , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: October 2020

A multiscale polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip is presented, which provides an array of mesoscale open wells for cell culturing and, as unique feature, an array of microscale 1 µm deep channels to fluidically connect neighboring wells. As demonstrated with SH‐SY5Y cells, the small dimensions of the channels prevent migration of the cell soma but allow physical contacts established by the outgrowth of protoplasmic protrusions between cells in adjacent wells. Another important feature is the chip's mountability on solid substrates, such as glass. This enables the use of substrates previously patterned with biomolecules, as demonstrated by DNA‐directed immobilization of proteins inside the reactor wells. Given the versatile addressability of cells, whether through surface‐bound or inkjet‐based administration of bioactive substances, it is believed that the reactor could be used for research in cell–cell communication networks, for example, in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
A Visible Energy Management by Photochromic Solar Thermal Fuel Using a Color Display
Authors: Fei Liang , Yin Yunjie , Zhang Jinju , Wang Chaoxia
Published: October 2020

Photocontrolled solar thermal fuel offers enormous potential for light harvesting, storage, and thermal management. Monitoring energy storage process still remains significantly challenging with an evident and convenient display. Inspired by the battery indicator on the phone with color variation, a visible solar thermal fuel (VSTF) is designed by compositing photochromic azobenzene with organic phase change materials. This is an efficient strategy for improving renewable energy storage capacity without solvent assistance, and displaying the energy storage process. The photochromic dopant enables color change due to varying light‐absorption wavelengths with the conformational change. Notably, the energy release situation of charged composite under sunlight stimuli is demonstrated to heat water, showing about 4 °C higher than that of the uncharged one. The color difference depends on the isomerization extent (trans%) which links to the energy storage parameters. It has potential to display the energy storage process and utilize the energy more efficiently.
Drug investigation tool: Identifying the effect of drug on cell image by using improved correlation
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Ahmad Iftikhar , Asif Muhammad , Kim Sun‐Hee , Mehmood Raja Majid
Published: October 2020

In the treatment of human cancer, the existing drug response identification and assessment methods have some issues, such as high cost, slow processing, and low accuracy. Responsive methods that easily and indirectly assess patient tissue response to drugs or small molecules offer promising options for improving drug safety, and they are able to identify the right treatment for specific patients. Digital image correlation is a good technique that detects a part of the image between two images. In this article, a new method of correlation called significant improvement of correlation (SIC) was proposed. Data were taken from the confocal microscopy of two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) probe images taken every 5 min for short‐term monitoring (STM) and long‐term monitoring (LTM; 12, 24, and 48 hours). Cells were cultured, and a new compound TPEF was tested and injected the drug. The effect of drug on the TPEF compound was assessed through correlation. Experimental and simulation results showed that the proposed SIC was better than the conventional correlation method. Results also revealed that the first three images had 0.8% correlation in STM and LTM Image15 and Image10 had 0.49% correlation. The other images demonstrated minimum correlation. Thus, the effect of the newly made drug on the cell and image had a minimum correlation.
DLX6‐AS1 accelerates cell proliferation through regulating miR‐497‐5p/SNCG pathway in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhu Xu , Ma Xingxin , Zhao Shuli , Cao Zhigang
Published: October 2020

Prostate cancer (PCa) has become the second leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in males worldwide. Although the long noncoding RNA DLX6‐AS1 has been recognized to be an oncogene in multiple cancers, the biological function and regulatory mechanism of DLX6‐AS1 in prostate cancer are still obscure. In the present study, we observed that DLX6‐AS1 was significantly upregulated in PCa tissues and cells. Knockdown of DLX6‐AS1 inhibited PCa progression by suppressing cell proliferation and accelerating cell apoptosis. Molecular mechanism exploration indicated that DLX6‐AS1 acted as a sponge for miR‐497‐5p and synuclein gamma (SNCG) was a downstream target gene of miR‐497‐5p. In addition, there was a negative correlation between DLX6‐AS1 and miR‐497‐5p in PCa tissues. Rescue assays showed that SNCG overexpression could partially recover DLX6‐AS1 knockdown‐mediated inhibition of progression in PCa. Furthermore, xenograft tumor model was established to determine the role of DLX6‐AS1 in PCa tumor growth and the results suggested that DLX6‐AS1 could facilitate tumor growth by regulating SNCG in vivo. In conclusion, our study investigated the biological function and underlying mechanism of DLX6‐AS1 in PCa and validated that DLX6‐AS1 functioned as an oncogene through miR‐497‐5p/SNCG axis.
Learning the lessons of Climategate: A cosmopolitan moment in the public life of climate science
Authors: Raman Sujatha , Pearce Warren
Published: October 2020

A decade after Climategate, climate change may be established as a social fact, yet the after‐effects live on. This Advanced Review assesses the impact of Climategate on public talk about climate change in the last decade. Reviewing academic articles, blogs, reports, books, and media articles, we identify three norms that set the foundations for Climategate to be seen as a scandal: (a) using scientific consensus to justify climate policy; (b) that openness is fundamental to validating scientific knowledge; (c) that the public was conceived as passive recipients of scientific knowledge rather than participants in dialogue. We then review developments since Climategate, that have seen some groups attempting to shore up these norms, while others have seen an opportunity to change the boundaries of public engagement around climate science. We describe this as a cosmopolitan moment in the public life of science: an opportunity to forge a public culture comfortable with the epistemic diversity and ambiguity inherent to climate change, and yet a culture that can also reason together in the public good. Finally, we assess the implications of Climategate's mixed legacy on contemporary climate change debates, emphasizing that cosmopolitan knowledge provides a means to craft effective, open, and fruitful approaches to public engagement around climate change.

This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Upper limit on the η → π+π− branching fraction with the KLOE experiment
Authors:   The KLOE-2 collaboration, Babusci D. , Berlowski M. , Bloise C. , Bossi F. , Branchini P. , Budano A. , Cao B. , Ceradini F. , Ciambrone P. , Curciarello F. , Czerwiński E. , D’Agostini G. , Danè E. , De Leo V. , De Lucia E. , De Santis A. , De Simone P. , Di Cicco A. , Di Domenico A. , Domenici D. , D’Uffizi A. , Fantini A. , Fermani P. , Fiore S. , Gajos A. , Gauzzi P. , Giovannella S. , Graziani E. , Ivanov V. L. , Johansson T. , Kang X. , Kisielewska-Kamińska D. , Kozyrev E. A. , Krzemien W. , Kupsc A. , Lukin P. A. , Mandaglio G. , Martini M. , Messi R. , Miscetti S. , Moricciani D. , Moskal P. , Parzych S. , Passeri A. , Patera V. , Perez del Rio E. , Santangelo P. , Schioppa M. , Selce A. , Silarski M. , Sirghi F. , Solodov E. P. , Tortora L. , Venanzoni G. , Wiślicki W. , Wolke M.
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Based on an integrated luminosity of 1.61 fb−1e+e− collision data collected with the KLOE detector at DAΦNE, the Frascati ϕ-factory, a search for the P- and CP-violating decay η → π+π− has been performed. Radiative ϕ → ηγ decay is exploited to access the η mesons. No signal is observed in the π+π− invariant mass spectrum, and the upper limit on the branching fraction at 90% confidence level is determined to be ℬ(η → π+π−) < 4.9 × 10−6, which is approximately three times smaller than the previous KLOE result. From the combination of these two measurements we get ℬ(η → π+π−) < 4.4 × 10−6 at 90% confidence level.
Epidemiology and treatment of acute elbow dislocations: current concept based on primary surgical ligament repair of unstable simple elbow dislocations
Authors: Mühlenfeld Nils , Frank Johannes , Lustenberger Thomas , Marzi Ingo , Sander Anna Lena
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Acute elbow dislocations are complex injuries that predispose to chronic instability and pain. The ideal treatment strategy is part of controversial discussion and evidence-based recommendations for the treatment could not be concluded from the literature. The purpose of the present study was to assess current epidemiological data, injury pattern, and the changing trend for treatment.

Methods

This study presents a retrospective review of 72 patients ≥ 18 years of age who were treated in our level I trauma centre with acute elbow dislocations from 2014 to 2018. The data were acquired by analysis of the institution’s database, and radiological examinations.

Results

The average age of the patients was 48.5 years (range 18–86). The ratio of male to female patients was 1.9:1. A fall onto the outstretched arm (42%) was the most common injury mechanism. By classification, 42% of the elbow dislocations were simple, and 58% complex. A total of 85% of patients underwent surgery including 73% of the simple elbow dislocations due to remaining instability or non-congruency of the reduced elbow. The indication for surgical treatment correlated merely with the grade of instability and displacement, but not with age.

Conclusion

Acute elbow dislocations need identification of the precise injury pattern and instability after reduction of the elbow joint. To achieve a congruent and stable joint, we recommend primary surgical repair as first-line treatment for patients with unstable simple and complex elbow dislocation independent of age.
Perioperatives Flüssigkeitsmanagement bei großen viszeralchirurgischen Eingriffen
Authors: von der Forst M. , Weiterer S. , Dietrich M. , Loos M. , Lichtenstern C. , Weigand M. A. , Siegler B. H.
Published: October 2020

Die Gabe intravasaler Flüssigkeiten gehört zu den Grundpfeilern der perioperativen Therapie und nimmt insbesondere bei großen viszeralchirurgischen Eingriffen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf das chirurgische Behandlungsergebnis. Ein adäquates perioperatives Flüssigkeitsmanagement kann durch Vermeidung von Hypo- und Hypervolämie dazu beitragen, das Risiko einer unzureichenden Gewebeperfusion als Treiber postoperativer Morbidität und Letalität signifikant zu reduzieren. Der effektive Umgang mit intravasal zugeführten Flüssigkeiten setzt dabei die Kenntnis der Substanzen sowie Maßnahmen zur Therapiesteuerung voraus. Das Flüssigkeitsmanagement beginnt bereits präoperativ und sollte – unter Nutzung einer an die Bedürfnisse des Patienten angepassten und dem Eingriff entsprechenden hämodynamischen Überwachung – auch postoperativ im Aufwachraum und auf Station fortgesetzt werden. Der Kommunikation aller an der perioperativen Versorgung Beteiligten kommt im Sinne eines optimalen Flüssigkeitsmanagements eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu.
Individualisierte Immuntherapie von Tumorerkrankungen mittels Peptidimpfstoffen – Funktioniert das vielleicht doch?
Authors: Rammensee Hans-Georg , Löffler Markus W.
Published: October 2020

Bereits der Arzt und Forscher Paul Ehrlich stellte die These auf, dass das Immunsystem nicht nur Infektionen bekämpft, sondern auch gegen Krebs vorgehen kann. Über die möglichen positiven Auswirkungen einer simultanen Infektion auf den Verlauf einer Krebserkrankung wurde bereits im alten Ägypten ca. 2600 v. Chr. berichtet. Jedoch wurde erst ab den 1960er-Jahren klar, dass das Immunsystem Krebszellen gezielt bekämpfen kann, und erst ab den 1990er-Jahren wurde langsam aufgeklärt, wie dies vor sich geht.

Vor diesem Hintergrund sollen deshalb die Bemühungen der letzten 30 Jahre hinsichtlich der Entwicklung therapeutischer Impfungen gegen Krebserkrankungen kurz zusammengefasst und deren bisherige Erfolglosigkeit beleuchtet werden. Außerdem werden in einem Ausblick zukünftige eventuell Erfolg versprechende Entwicklungen in diesem Kontext diskutiert. Dabei werden die verfügbare wissenschaftliche Literatur, aber auch eigene Ergebnisse berücksichtigt.

Es ergeben sich ganz zentrale Fragen, etwa: Wie unterscheiden sich Krebszellen von normalen Zellen? Wie kann das Immunsystem diese Unterschiede erkennen? Was sind tumorspezifische Antigene? Warum müssen tumorspezifische Antigene in individueller Weise ausgesucht und angewendet werden? Wie induziert man eine effiziente Immunantwort? Welche pharmazeutischen Formulierungen, Adjuvanzien und Impfrouten sind effektiv?

Letztlich stellen wir dar, warum es sich möglicherweise doch lohnt, die bisher völlig erfolglose Peptidimpfung (gemessen an bisher zugelassenen Therapeutika) weiterzuverfolgen.
The moderating role of social network size in the temporal association between formal social participation and mental health: a longitudinal analysis using two consecutive waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Authors: Santini Ziggi Ivan , Jose Paul E. , Koyanagi Ai , Meilstrup Charlotte , Nielsen Line , Madsen Katrine R. , Hinrichsen Carsten , Dunbar Robin I. M. , Koushede Vibeke
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Previous studies have shown that engaging in formal social participation may protect against declining mental health, but social network size (the number of close social ties a person has) may moderate the relationship. We assessed the potential moderating role of social network size using longitudinal data.

Methods

Nationally representative data from two consecutive waves (2011, 2013) of the SHARE survey were analyzed. The data consisted of 38,300 adults from 13 European countries aged 50 years and older in 2011. Measures pertaining to formal social participation, social network size, quality of life, and depression symptoms were used. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted.

Results

The majority of participants (over 70% of the sample) had a social network size of four or less close social ties. We identified significant moderations in both models. Individuals with relatively few close social ties may have benefitted from formal social participation both in terms of reductions in depression symptoms and increases in quality of life, while formal social participation among those with many social ties did not appear to be beneficial, and may even to some extent have been detrimental.

Conclusions

Declines in mental health specifically among those with relatively few close social ties could potentially be prevented through the promotion of formal social participation. It is possible that such strategies could have a greater impact by specifically targeting individuals that are otherwise socially isolated. High levels of formal participation among those with relatively many close social ties may not be pragmatically beneficial.
Reversed impacts of the Arctic oscillation on the precipitation over the South China Sea and its surrounding areas in October and November
Authors: Dong Tianyun , Dong Wenjie , Feng Taichen , Zhu Xian
Published: October 2020

The reversed impacts of the Arctic oscillation (AO) on precipitation over the South China Sea and its surrounding areas (SCSA) in October and November during 1979–2014 are investigated. The correlation coefficients between AO and the precipitation in October and November are 0.44 and − 0.31, which are statistically significant at the 99% and 90% confidence levels, respectively. In October (November), the specific humidity exhibits obvious positive (negative) anomalies in the SCSA, and an upward (downward) airflow moving from ground to the upper troposphere (1000–150 hPa) between 10°N and 30°N (10°N and 20°N) is observed with more (less) cloud cover. Moisture budget diagnosis suggests that the precipitation’s increasing (decreasing) in October (November) mainly contributed by zonal moisture flux convergence (divergence). Furthermore, the Rossby wave guided by westerlies tends to motivate positive geopotential height in the upper troposphere over approximately 20°–30°N, 40°–80°E in October, which is accompanied by a stronger anticyclone in the Arabian Sea region. However, in November, the wave train propagating from the Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal is observed in the form of cyclones and anticyclones. Further analysis reveal that the AO in October may increase precipitation through the southern wave train (along the westerly jet stream from North Africa to the Middle East and South China). Moreover, air-sea interactions over the North Pacific might also generate horseshoe-shaped sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies characterized by positive SST in the central subtropical North Pacific surrounded by negative SST, which may affect the precipitation in the SCSA. Ensemble-mean results from CMIP6 historical simulations further confirm these relationships, and the models that can better simulate the observed positive geopotential height in the Arabian Sea present more consistent precipitation’s increasing over the SCSA in October.
Validation of two short versions of the Zarit Burden Interview in the palliative care setting: a questionnaire to assess the burden of informal caregivers
Authors: Kühnel Martina B. , Ramsenthaler Christina , Bausewein Claudia , Fegg Martin , Hodiamont Farina
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Several validated outcome measures, among them the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), are valid for measuring caregiver burden in advanced cancer and dementia. However, they have not been validated for a wider palliative care (PC) setting with non-cancer disease. The purpose was to validate ZBI-1 (ultra-short version and proxy rating) and ZBI-7 short versions for PC.

Methods

In a prospective, cross-sectional study with informal caregivers of patients in inpatient (PC unit, hospital palliative support team) and outpatient (home care team) PC settings of a large university hospital, content validity and acceptability of the ZBI and its structural validity (via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch analysis) were tested. Reliability assessment used internal consistency and inter-rater reliability and construct validity used known-group comparisons and a priori hypotheses on correlations with Brief Symptom Inventory, Short Form-12, and Distress Thermometer.

Results

Eighty-four participants (63.1% women; mean age 59.8, SD 14.4) were included. Structural validity assessment confirmed the unidimensional structure of ZBI-7 both in CFA and Rasch analysis. The item on overall burden was the best item for the ultra-short version ZBI-1. Higher burden was recorded for women and those with poorer physical health. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach’sα = 0.83). Inter-rater reliability was moderate as proxy ratings estimated caregivers’ burden higher than self-ratings (average measuresICC = 0.51;CI = 0.23–.69;p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The ZBI-7 is a valid instrument for measuring caregiver burden in PC. The ultra-short ZBI-1 can be used as a quick and proxy assessment, with the caveat of overestimating burden.
A diffused interface with the advection term in a Sobolev space
Authors: Tonegawa Yoshihiro , Tsukamoto Yuki
Published: October 2020

We study the asymptotic limit of diffused surface energy in the van der Waals–Cahn–Hillard theory when an advection term is added and the energy is uniformly bounded. We prove that the limit interface is an integral varifold and the generalized mean curvature vector is determined by the advection term. As the application, a prescribed mean curvature problem is solved using the min–max method.
Observations on Ion Interaction Chromatographic System: Reversed Phase Column—H3BO3/TBAOH Mobile Phase and the Effect of Temperature
Authors: Dybczyński Rajmund S. , Kulisa Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

New ion interaction chromatographic (IIC) system with RP column and boric acid plus tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) mobile phase was investigated. In the system: CPhenylHexyl—10 mM H3BO3/4 mM TBAOH, a large group of anions viz. F−,IO3−, Cl−, ClO2−, BrO3−, NO2−, Br−, NO3−, ClO3−, I−, HPO42−, SO42−, CrO42−, S2O32−, benzoate−, SCN−, ClO4− and phthalate2−, could be isocratically resolved. A study on the effect of temperature revealed that some ions added to ion exchange are also held in the stationary phase by the hydrophobic adsorption. The retention loss for all anions with time was observed. This effect however, was quite slow and good separations could be obtained even after the column stayed a few hundred hours in the mobile phase.
Food and Ornament: Use of Shellfish at Ifri Oudadane, a Holocene Settlement in NE Morocco
Authors: Hutterer Rainer , Schröder Oskar , Linstädter Jörg
Published: October 2020

Recent excavations of Ifri Oudadane, a prehistoric rockshelter on the Mediterranean coast of NW Morocco, yielded a rich marine and terrestrial fauna. We present an analysis of the shellfish remains (exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates) from the 2011 trench, covering the Epipaleolithic and Early Neolithic levels. A total of 4,415 liters of sediment contained 8,749 specimens (MNI) of at least 40 species of shellfish: 12 bivalves, 24 gastropods, one tusk shell, barnacles, crabs, and sea urchins. The mean abundance of shellfish was 2 MNI per liter. Limpets (Patellidae), topshells (Trochidae), mussels (Mytilidae), and rockshells (Muricidae) formed 98% of the total mollusk fauna and were part of the diet; limpets prevailed in Epipaleolithic levels and topshells in Neolithic ones. Evidence was found for a systematic butchering of topshells (Phorcus turbinatus): the shells in Epipaleolithic levels were mostly smashed while topshells in Neolithic levels were usually topped in a uniform way. Seven species of mollusks showed traces of manipulation and were used as ornament or tools. Species used as food, such as limpets, topshells, and mussels, never show any indications of being used as ornament or tools, and the mollusks that were used as jewelry or tools were not part of the diet.
Seismotectonic model and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Papua New Guinea
Authors: Ghasemi Hadi , Cummins Phil , Weatherill Graeme , McKee Chris , Hazelwood Martyn , Allen Trevor
Published: October 2020

Papua New Guinea (PNG) lies in a belt of intense tectonic activity that experiences high levels of seismicity. Although this seismicity poses significant risks to society, the Building Code of PNG and its underpinning seismic loading requirements have not been revised since 1982. This study aims to partially address this gap by updating the seismic zoning map on which the earthquake loading component of the building code is based. We performed a new probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for PNG using the OpenQuake software developed by the Global Earthquake Model Foundation (Pagani et al. in Seism Res Lett 85(3):692–702, 2014). Among other enhancements, for the first time together with background sources, individual fault sources are implemented to represent active major and microplate boundaries in the region to better constrain the earthquake-rate and seismic-source models. The seismic-source model also models intraslab, Wadati–Benioff zone seismicity in a more realistic way using a continuous slab volume to constrain the finite ruptures of such events. The results suggest a high level of hazard in the coastal areas of the Huon Peninsula and the New Britain–Bougainville region, and a relatively low level of hazard in the southwestern part of mainland PNG. In comparison with the seismic zonation map in the current design standard, it can be noted that the spatial distribution of seismic hazard used for building design does not match the bedrock hazard distribution of this study. In particular, the high seismic hazard of the Huon Peninsula in the revised assessment is not captured in the current building code of PNG.
Developmental Paths to Anxiety in an Autism-Enriched Infant Cohort: The Role of Temperamental Reactivity and Regulation
Authors: Ersoy Mutluhan , Charman Tony , Pasco Greg , Carr Ewan , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J. H. ,   The BASIS Team, Blasi Anna , Cheung Celeste , Davies Kim , Elsabbagh Mayada , Fernandes Janice , Gammer Isobel , Gliga Teodora , Guiraud Jeanne , Liew Michelle , Lloyd-Fox Sarah , Maris Helen , O’Hara Louise , Pickles Andrew , Ribeiro Helena , Salamone Erica , Tucker Leslie
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to explore the associations between temperamental reactivity and regulation and the emergence of anxiety traits in a longitudinal sample of infants enriched for later ASD. Parents of 143 infants who were at high- and low-risk for ASD rated their child’s temperament traits when they were 9, 15 and 24 months old; they rated anxiety and ASD traits when they were 36 months old. The findings suggest that behavioural inhibition may be an early predictor of later anxiety in children with and without ASD and that lower levels of effortful control in children who later develop ASD may contribute to the higher expression of anxiety within this population.
An Architecture for Creating Slices to Experiment on Wireless Networks
Authors: Valera-Muros Barbara , Panizo Laura , Rios Alvaro , Merino-Gomez Pedro
Published: October 2020

Researchers in mobile technologies and services are currently requesting testbeds to validate their proposals in a realistic large-scale and controlled environment. Such demands are some times satisfied with private ad-hoc deployments in a given area of coverage. However, given national regulations related to the use of the spectrum and the cost of deployments, these solutions are not feasible for most researchers. In this paper, we introduce the architecture of the research infrastructure developed in the EuWireless project. EuWireless’ objective is to provide private networks that can be dynamically created as slices with different levels of configuration and control, as a cost-effective way to access large-scale testbeds with a licensed spectrum even in different countries. The paper focuses on the architecture of the Point of Presence, the key element in the EuWireless project, and how it will work in practice. We also present a proof of concept implementation that satisfies some of the design objectives and demonstrates the feasibility of the proposal.
Die Low-Cost-Hypothese. Ein empirischer Test am Beispiel der Befürwortung einer City-Maut
Authors: Thiel Fabian
Published: October 2020

Die Low-Cost-Hypothese (LCH) postuliert, dass der Effekt einer Einstellung auf einstellungskonformes Handeln mit steigenden Kosten sinkt. Tutić et al. (2017) formalisieren die theoretischen Implikationen der LCH mithilfe eines mikroökonomischen Modells. Sie veranschaulichen, dass sich die LCH anhand einer verbesserten Teststrategie bewährt, während sie, basierend auf der vormals üblichen Modellierung mittels der expliziten Aufnahme eines Interaktionsterms, scheitert. Die von ihnen präsentierten Beispiele erlauben jedoch nur einen eingeschränkten Test der LCH im weiteren Sinn eines Einkommenseffekts – nicht aber im engeren Sinn eines tatsächlichen Preiseffekts einstellungskonformen Handelns. Dieser Beitrag liefert eine wichtige Ergänzung, indem am Beispiel der Befürwortung einer City-Maut eine erste Prüfung der verbesserten Teststrategie der LCH im engeren Sinn vorgelegt wird. Datengrundlage ist ein faktorieller Survey (FS), in dem im Rahmen einer Bevölkerungsbefragung in München und vier Umlandgemeinden im Frühsommer 2018 mehr als 1300 Personen über 5300 fiktive Mautmodelle bewerteten. Kernbefund der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist, dass sich die LCH anhand der verbesserten Teststrategie für den betrachteten Anwendungsfall der Befürwortung einer City-Maut bewährt.
The Quantitative Effect of Blast Furnace Slag Composition and Temperature on the Kinetics of Potassium Evaporation
Authors: Andersson Anton , Ahmed Hesham , Sundqvist Ökvist Lena , Björkman Bo
Published: October 2020

Increased in-plant recycling and lower quality raw material in terms of alkali content drive the alkali load in the blast furnace (BF) to higher levels. Excessive load of alkalis, primarily potassium, has several negative effects on the BF operation, which necessitates means to control the removal of potassium from the BF. One method to improve the removal is by increasing the potassium retention in the slag, which is controlled by the evaporation kinetics of potassium. Although several authors have studied factors affecting the evaporation rate, none of these studies have quantitatively investigated the effect of these parameters and attempted to relate these effects to slags from the industry. In the present work, a full-factorial design of experiments with three factors (B2 basicity, MgO content, and temperature) was performed, studying the evaporation of potassium from synthetic BF slag. The results suggested that multiple linear regression is suitable to describe the evaporation kinetics of potassium within the boundaries of the design of experiments. However, extrapolating to industrial slags of different compositions and additional slag components is best performed utilizing the corrected optical basicity. The corrected optical basicity showed a linear relation to the evaporation kinetics of potassium, which was related to the correlation between diffusivity and corrected optical basicity.
Hull Girder Ultimate Strength Assessment Considering Local Corrosion
Authors: Vu Van Tuyen , Dong Duc Tuan
Published: October 2020

The residual strength capacity of ship hull with full corrosion appearance in every structural member has been considered in a large number of research works; however, the influence of local corrosion on the ultimate strength and cross-section properties has not been taken into account and analyzed. Hence, this study aims to assess the effect of corrosion appearance in the flange section and web section on the ultimate vertical bending moment and several cross-section properties of a bulk carrier. To perform this task, a probabilistic corrosion rate estimation model and the common structural rule model are introduced and employed. The incremental-iterative method given by the International Association of Classification Societies-Common Structural Rules (IACS-CSR) is applied to determine the ultimate vertical bending moment, neutral axis position at the limit state, and other properties of the cross-section. The calculation results and discussions relative to the effect of corrosion on ship hull are presented.
Concentration-dependent Differences in Urinary Iodine Measurements Between Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and the Sandell-Kolthoff Method
Authors: Li Yongze , Ding Shuangning , Han Cheng , Liu Aihua , Shan Zhongyan , Teng Weiping , Mao Jinyuan
Published: October 2020

A large amount of historical data regarding urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were measured with the Sandell-Kolthoff (S-K) method for iodine nutrition surveillance. The congruence in urinary iodine measurements between inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the S-K method has been debated. A total of 2064 adult urine samples were included in the present study. The UIC measurement results obtained simultaneously by standardized ICP-MS and the S-K method were analyzed. The UIC obtained with ICP-MS was significantly higher than that obtained with the S-K method (158 μg/L vs. 148 μg/L, p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman difference plot showed a small but significant mean difference of 6.12 μg/L between the two methods. The stratified analysis showed that the correlation coefficient was higher in the UIC < 300 μg/L group than the UIC ≥ 300 μg/L group (0.93 vs. 0.88, p = 0.0001). The mean difference between the S-K and ICP-MS methods was positively correlated with the UIC. The ICP-MS and S-K methods were comparable when the UIC was less than 300 μg/L; however, UIC values between 300 and 600 μg/L should be compared with caution after considering the research objective. We do not suggest comparing UICs obtained from the ICP-MS and S-K methods in iodine monitoring studies if the UIC is greater than 600 μg/L.
Low Shear Stress Upregulates CX3CR1 Expression by Inducing VCAM-1 via the NF-κB Pathway in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zhao Yiwei , Ren Peile , Li Qiufang , Umar Shafiu Adam , Yang Tan , Dong Yahui , Yu Fengxu , Nie Yongmei
Published: October 2020

Atherosclerosis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Studies suggest that the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 plays a critical role in atherogenesis. Shear stress is an important mechanical force that affects blood vessel function. In this study, we investigated the effect of shear stress on CX3CR1 expression in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). First, cells were exposed to different shear stress and then CX3CR1 mRNA and protein were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. CX3CR1 gene silencing was used to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying shear stress-mediated effects on CX3CR1 expression. CX3CR1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased with 4.14 dyne/cm2 of shear stress compared with other tested levels of shear stress. We observed a significant increase in CX3CR1 mRNA levels at 2 h and CX3CR1 protein expression at 4 h. CX3CR1-induced VCAM-1 expression in response to low shear stress by activating NF-κB signaling pathway in VECs. Our findings demonstrate that low shear stress increases CX3CR1 expression, which increases VCAM-1 expression due to elevated NF-κB activation. The current study provides evidence of the correlation between shear stress and atherosclerosis mediated by CX3CR1.
When algorithm selection meets Bi-linear Learning to Rank: accuracy and inference time trade off with candidates expansion
Authors: Yuan Jing , Geissler Christian , Shao Weijia , Lommatzsch Andreas , Jain Brijnesh
Published: October 2020

Algorithm selection (AS) tasks are dedicated to find the optimal algorithm for an unseen problem instance. With the knowledge of problem instances’ meta-features and algorithms’ landmark performances, Machine Learning (ML) approaches are applied to solve AS problems. However, the standard training process of benchmark ML approaches in AS either needs to train the models specifically for every algorithm or relies on the sparse one-hot encoding as the algorithms’ representation. To escape these intermediate steps and form the mapping function directly, we borrow the learning to rank framework from Recommender System (RS) and embed the bi-linear factorization to model the algorithms’ performances in AS. This Bi-linear Learning to Rank (BLR) has proven to work with competence in some AS scenarios and thus is also proposed as a benchmark approach. Thinking from the evaluation perspective in the modern AS challenges, precisely predicting the performance is usually the measuring goal. Though approaches’ inference time also needs to be counted for the running time cost calculation, it’s always overlooked in the evaluation process. The multi-objective evaluation metric Adjusted Ratio of Root Ratios (A3R) is therefore advocated in this paper to balance the trade-off between the accuracy and inference time in AS. Concerning A3R, BLR outperforms other benchmarks when expanding the candidates range to TOP3. The better effect of this candidates expansion results from the cumulative optimum performance during the AS process. We take the further step in the experimentation to represent the advantage of such TOPK expansion, and illustrate that such expansion can be considered as the supplement for the convention of TOP1 selection during the evaluation process.
Urban mobility and resilience: exploring Boston’s urban mobility network through twitter data
Authors: Mirzaee Sahar , Wang Qi
Published: October 2020

Human mobility connects urban dwellers and neighborhoods and impacts social equity. An in-depth understanding of human mobility helps to enhance urban resilience. However, limited research has focused on mobility resilience. Building on previous research, this study looks at the neighborhood connectivity enabled by urban mobility. We analyze the aggregated mobility patterns in Boston through the coupling of network structure and social characteristics. Geocoded twitter data combined with socioeconomic datasets were used to create a mobility-based urban network. Through the quantitative analysis, we found that the social segregation in Boston shapes its mobility network. Network communities identified by the Louvain modularity algorithm are often self-containing, meaning that their residents are more likely to move within their communities. A multinomial regression reveals that spatial racial and income segregation has a strong impact on the dynamic segregation of the network. The beneficial network characteristics –e.g. higher density and well-connected motifs– are less present in areas with bolder presence of minorities. Thus, the resilience state is not equitable among neighborhoods of different income levels and races, indicating that the resilience measures of urban networks need to be adapted according to sociodemographic characteristics.
Police Unions and the Implementation of Body-Worn Cameras in a Small Island Developing State: The Case of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service
Authors: Wallace Wendell C.
Published: October 2020

Within the past two decades, body-worn cameras (BWCs) have developed as an evidentiary tool to determine the outcomes of contentious police–citizen contacts as well as a method of enhancing the accountability of both groups. While there have been numerous studies conducted on BWCs, the research has focused primarily on police officer perceptions and follow-up analyses of their usage subsequent to implementation and/or during controlled, randomized trials. However, there is a dearth of academic literature on police union members’ perceptions of BWC technology prior to implementation within their departments. This article contributes to the body of literature on BWCs by providing an analysis of data on the attitudes and perceptions towards the implementation of BWC technology into the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service that were collected from Central Committee representatives of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Social and Welfare Association, the representative body for police officers of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service. The findings indicate that the respondents were generally amenable to the introduction and implementation of BWCs into the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service; however, this is premised on a phased implementation preceded by a controlled trial of the BWCs, as well as the creation of internal policies prior to implementation.
The Italian Socialist Party in postwar Europe: a study of its relationship with the USSR and the October Revolution from the 1940s to the 1960s
Authors: Perazzoli Jacopo
Published: October 2020

The main goal of this article is to analyse the relationship between the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) – a party that followed a different trajectory from other Western social democratic parties following the Second World War – and the October Revolution and the USSR from the 1940s to the 1960s. In particular, given the political context of postwar Europe, it aims to use this relationship to understand the party's political and programmatic evolution from a new perspective. To this end, the article is largely based on archival investigation and on a wide examination of press sources from the period.
Does learner cognition count on modality? Working memory and L2 morphosyntactic achievement across oral and written tasks
Authors: Zalbidea Janire , Sanz Cristina
Published: October 2020

This study investigates how working memory (WM) abilities are implicated in second language (L2) learners’ (a) morphosyntactic achievement and (b) perceptions of required mental effort and task difficulty under oral versus written task modality conditions. Beginning-level learners of L2 Spanish completed two computerized focused tasks in which they produced output and received feedback in oral form (Speaking group) or written form (Writing group). Two grammatical structures varying in their relative level of salience were targeted. After each task, participants rated their perceptions of mental effort required and task difficulty. Production and written and aural acceptability judgment tasks were employed to measure immediate and sustained L2 morphosyntactic achievement. Executive, phonological, and visuospatial WM abilities were gauged using automated operation span, nonword recognition, and forward Corsi block-tapping tasks, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that WM capacity was predictive of L2 morphosyntactic outcomes and task perception ratings in the Speaking group only. Specifically, phonological and visuospatial WM were associated with production and acceptability judgment performance accuracy, whereas executive WM was related to learners’ ratings of perceived mental effort. Differences were also observed based on the target structure.
Americano, latte, or English
Authors: Chesnut Michael , Curran Nathaniel Ming
Published: October 2020

Across the world, in many places in which English is not widely spoken, English text often appears on posters, storefronts, billboards, street signs, warning signs, menus, and many other forms of publicly visible written texts. English is often featured alongside one or more additional languages. These signs are typically seen as unremarkable by passersby looking to buy goods, for information regarding prohibited activity, or even just for a comfortable coffee shop. An increasingly robust scholarly literature has examined these signs since the publication of Landry and Bourhis' (1997) foundational study which popularized the term linguistic landscape. Linguistic landscape scholarship now includes large-scale quantitative examinations of publicly visible signs in cities such as Tokyo (Backhaus, 2007), smaller-scale examinations of the written language within individual workplaces in a single building (Hanauer, 2010), studies on mobile linguistic landscapes such as shopping bags (Alomoush, 2019) and many other studies conducted in widely varying locations with widely varying foci (McKiernan, 2019; Yuan, 2019).
THE EFFECTS OF IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK ON L2 DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Fu Mengxia , Li Shaofeng
Published: October 2020

This article reports on a study exploring the differential effects of immediate and delayed corrective feedback (CF) on the acquisition of the English past tense. One hundred and forty-five seventh-grade EFL learners were assigned to four groups: Immediate CF, Delayed CF, Task Only, and Control. Each experimental group performed six focused communicative tasks, two each in three treatment sessions, eliciting the use of the English past tense. The Immediate CF group received feedback on their erroneous use of the target structure in the first session, the Delayed CF group received feedback in the final session, and the Task Only group performed the communicative tasks without receiving any feedback. The Control group only took the achievement tests. The effects of the feedback treatments were measured through an untimed grammaticality judgment test and an elicited imitation test. Mixed-effects analyses examining the influence of both fixed and random factors demonstrated that immediate CF was more facilitative of L2 development than delayed CF. The results suggest the importance of addressing linguistic errors before they are proceduralized in the interlanguage.
Cross-cultural differences in mother-preschooler book sharing practices in the United States and Thailand
Authors: ROCHANAVIBHATA Sirada , MARIAN Viorica
Published: October 2020

Cross-cultural differences in book sharing practices of American and Thai mother-preschooler dyads were examined. Twenty-one Thai monolingual and 21 American-English monolingual mothers and their four-year-olds completed a book sharing task. Results revealed narrative style differences between the American and Thai groups: American mothers adopted a high-elaborative story-builder style and used affirmations, descriptions, extensions, and recasting more than Thai mothers. Thai mothers adopted a low-elaborative story-teller style and used more attention directives and expansions than American mothers. American children produced longer narratives than their Thai peers, whereas Thai children repeated their mothers’ utterances more than their American counterparts. Maternal and child narrative styles were associated. These results suggest that maternal scaffolding styles differ across cultures and influence children's developing narrative skills.
Solidarity in the Time of COVID-19?
Authors: TOMASINI FLORIS
Published: October 2020

This article critically examines how solidarity has been enacted in the first 2 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly, but not exclusively, from a United Kingdom perspective.1 Solidaristic strategies are framed in two ways: aspirations to overcome COVID-19 (utopian anthropocentric solidarity); and those that are illusory, incompatible, contradictory, and disrupting of solidaristic ideals (heterotopian solidarity). Solidarity can also be understood more widely from a biocentric perspective (solidarity with all life). In the context of COVID-19 a lack of biocentric solidarity points to a probable cause of the pandemic; where COVID-19, harmless in bats, jumped species as a consequence of closer contact with humans. Solidarity, therefore, is not only expressed in a fight against a viral “enemy” but is also a reminder of human activity that has upset balances within ecosystems.