bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison between Endostatin and Conventional Biomarkers on 30-Day Mortality and Renal Replacement Therapy in Unselected Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Ruge Toralph , Larsson Anders , Lipcsey Miklós , Tydén Jonas , Johansson Joakim , Eriksson Mats
Published: November 2021

Endostatin may predict mortality and kidney impairment in general populations as well as in critically ill patients. We decided to explore the possible role of endostatin as a predictor of 30-day mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in a cohort of unselected intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Endostatin and creatinine in plasma were analyzed and SAPS3 was determined in 278 patients on ICU arrival at admission to a Swedish medium-sized hospital. SAPS3 had the highest predictive value, 0.85 (95% C.I.: 0.8–0.90), for 30-day mortality. Endostatin, in combination with age, predicted 30-day mortality by 0.76 (95% C.I.: 0.70–0.82). Endostatin, together with age and creatinine, predicted AKI with 0.87 (95% C.I.: 0.83–0.91). Endostatin predicted AKI with [0.68 (0.62–0.74)]. Endostatin predicted RRT, either alone [0.82 (95% C.I.: 0.72–0.91)] or together with age [0.81 (95% C.I.: 0.71–0.91)]. The predicted risk for 30-day mortality, AKI, or RRT during the ICU stay, predicted by plasma endostatin, was not influenced by age. Compared to the complex severity score SAPS3, circulating endostatin, combined with age, offers an easily managed option to predict 30-day mortality. Additionally, circulating endostatin combined with creatinine was closely associated with AKI development.
Examination of the TIGIT, CD226, CD112, and CD155 Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Women Diagnosed with Early-Onset Preeclampsia
Authors: Szereday Laszlo , Nagy David U. , Csiszar Beata , Kevey Dora , Feik Timoteus , Meggyes Matyas
Published: November 2021

Early-onset preeclampsia is a common obstetrical disease with a potential genetic background and is characterized by the predominance of Th1 immune response. However, although many studies investigated the immunological environment in preeclamptic patients, no information is available about the potential role of the TIGIT/CD226/CD112/CD155 immune checkpoint pathway. A total of 37 pregnant women diagnosed with early-onset preeclampsia and 36 control women with appropriately matched gestational age were enrolled in this study. From venous blood, mononuclear cells were isolated and stored in the freezer. Using multicolor flow cytometry T-, NK cell and monocyte subpopulations were determined. After characterization of the immune cell subsets, TIGIT, CD226, CD112, and CD155 surface expression and intracellular granzyme B content were determined by flow cytometer. Significantly decreased CD226 expression and increased CD112 and CD155 surface expression were detected in almost all investigated T-cell, NK cell, and monocyte subpopulations in women diagnosed with preeclampsia compared to the healthy group. Furthermore, reduced TIGIT and granzyme B expression were measured only in preeclamptic CD8+ T cells compared to healthy pregnant women. A decreased level of the activatory receptor CD226 in effector lymphocytes accompanied with an elevated surface presence of the CD112 and CD155 ligands in monocytes could promote the TIGIT/CD112 and/or TIGIT/CD155 ligation, which mediates inhibitory signals. We assume that the inhibition of the immune response via this immune checkpoint pathway might contribute to compensate for the Th1 predominance during early-onset preeclampsia.
The Role of Ultrasound as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Experimental Animal Models of Stroke: A Review
Authors: Gómez-de Frutos Mari Carmen , Laso-García Fernando , García-Suárez Iván , Diekhorst Luke , Otero-Ortega Laura , Alonso de Leciñana María , Fuentes Blanca , Piniella Dolores , Ruiz-Ares Gerardo , Díez-Tejedor Exuperio , Gutiérrez-Fernández María
Published: November 2021

Ultrasound is a noninvasive technique that provides real-time imaging with excellent resolution, and several studies demonstrated the potential of ultrasound in acute ischemic stroke monitoring. However, only a few studies were performed using animal models, of which many showed ultrasound to be a safe and effective tool also in therapeutic applications. The full potential of ultrasound application in experimental stroke is yet to be explored to further determine the limitations of this technique and to ensure the accuracy of translational research. This review covers the current status of ultrasound applied to monitoring and treatment in experimental animal models of stroke and examines the safety, limitations, and future perspectives.
Risk Prediction for Gastric Cancer Using GWAS-Identifie Polymorphisms, Helicobacter pylori Infection and Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors in a Japanese Population
Authors: Ishikura Naoyo , Ito Hidemi , Oze Isao , Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Kasugai Yumiko , Taniyama Yukari , Kawakatsu Yukino , Tanaka Tsutomu , Ito Seiji , Tajika Masahiro , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Niwa Yasumasa , Matsuo Keitaro
Published: November 2021

Background: As part of our efforts to develop practical intervention applications for cancer prevention, we investigated a risk prediction model for gastric cancer based on genetic, biological, and lifestyle-related risk factors. Methods: We conducted two independent age- and sex-matched case–control studies, the first for model derivation (696 cases and 1392 controls) and the second (795 and 795) for external validation. Using the derivation study data, we developed a prediction model by fitting a conditional logistic regression model using the predictors age, ABCD classification defined by H. pylori infection and gastric atrophy, smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and 3 GWAS-identified polymorphisms. Performance was assessed with regard to discrimination (area under the curve (AUC)) and calibration (calibration plots and Hosmer–Lemeshow test). Results: A combination of selected GWAS-identified polymorphisms and the other predictors provided high discriminatory accuracy and good calibration in both the derivation and validation studies, with AUCs of 0.77 (95% confidence intervals: 0.75–0.79) and 0.78 (0.77–0.81), respectively. The calibration plots of both studies stayed close to the ideal calibration line. In the validation study, the environmental model (nongenetic model) was significantly more discriminative than the inclusive model, with an AUC value of 0.80 (0.77–0.82). Conclusion: The contribution of genetic factors to risk prediction was limited, and the ABCD classification (H. pylori infection-related factor) contributes most to risk prediction of gastric cancer.
Influence of rGO and Preparation Method on the Physicochemical and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Photocatalysts
Authors: Wanag Agnieszka , Kusiak-Nejman Ewelina , Czyżewski Adam , Moszyński Dariusz , Morawski Antoni W.
Published: November 2021

In this study, a series of TiO2/rGO photocatalysts were obtained with a two-step procedure: a solvothermal method and calcination at 300–900 °C in an argon atmosphere. It was noted that the presence of rGO in photocatalysts had an important role in the changes in crystallite size and specific surface area. In TiO2/rGO samples, different surface functional groups, such as C−Cgraph, C−Caliph, C−OH, C=O, and CO(O), were found. It was observed that rGO modification suppressed the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained nanomaterials was investigated through the decomposition of methylene blue under UV and artificial solar light irradiation. It was found that the adsorption degree played an important role in methylene blue decomposition. The experimental results revealed that TiO2/rGO samples exhibited superior removal efficiency after calcination for methylene blue compared toTiO2 without rGO, as well as a commercial photocatalyst KRONOClean 7000. It was noted that photocatalytic activity increased with the increase in the calcination temperature. The highest activity was observed for the sample calcined at 700 °C, which consisted of 76% anatase and 24% rutile. This study clearly demonstrated that TiO2/rGO samples calcined in argon can be used as efficient photocatalysts for the application of methylene blue decomposition.
Ceriporia lacerata Mycelium Culture Medium as a Novel Anti-Aging Microbial Material for Cosmeceutical Application
Authors: Kim Jeong-Hwan , An Changhun , Hwang Seong Deok , Kim Yoon Soo
Published: November 2021

Skincare is very critical in preventing aging and skin trouble, which is difficult to recover if progressed. However, the development of effective anti-aging solutions is still on the horizon. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional efficacy of Ceriporia lacerata exo-pharmaceutical substance (CLEPS) in view of its use in innovative skin care cosmetics. CLEPS was found to have no cytotoxicity against normal human dermal fibroblasts and B16 melanoma cells in a wide concentration range of 0.05–7 mg/mL. It exhibited a whitening effect by inhibiting melanin synthesis comparable to that of the respective reference compound (arbutin). Notably, CLEPS not only substantially increased collagen (65.4%) and filaggrin synthesis (36%), but also significantly inhibited the activity of collagenase (93.4%), suggesting that CLEPS could prevent skin barrier damage or skin wrinkles. In addition, it showed an excellent anti-inflammatory effect and wound-healing effect. Overall, CLEPS exhibited exceptional anti-aging effects in human skin cells, designating as a potential natural cosmeceutical ingredient.
Incidence, Clinical Presentation and Trends in Indication for Diagnostic Work-Up of Small Intestinal and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Stensbøl Anna Bryan , Krogh Jesper , Holmager Pernille , Klose Marianne , Oturai Peter , Kjaer Andreas , Hansen Carsten Palnæs , Federspiel Birgitte , Langer Seppo W. , Knigge Ulrich , Andreassen Mikkel
Published: November 2021

Background: The incidence of small intestinal (SI) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (siNETs and pNETs) seems to have increased. The increased frequency of incidental findings might be a possible explanation. The study aimed to examine (1) changes in incidence and the stage at diagnosis (2010–2011 vs. 2019–2020), (2) changes in the initial indication for diagnostic workup and 3) the differences in stage between incidentally discovered vs. symptomatic disease during the entire study period. Methods: We performed a retrospective study, that includes consecutive siNET and pNET patients referred to the Copenhagen ENETS center of excellence in 2010–2011 and 2019–2020. Results: The annual incidence of siNET per 100,000 increased from 1.39 to 1.84, (p = 0.05). There was no change in the stage at diagnosis, and in both periods approximately 30% of patients were incidentally diagnosed (p = 0.62). Dissemination was found in 72/121 (60%) of symptomatic vs. 22/50 (44%) of incidentally discovered SI tumors in the entire cohort, (p = 0.06). The annual incidence of pNET increased from 0.42 to 1.39 per 100,000, (p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with disseminated disease decreased from 8/21 (38%) to 12/75 (16%), (p = 0.02) and the number of incidental findings increased from 4/21 (19%) to 43/75 (57%), (p = 0.002). More symptomatic patients had disseminated disease compared to patients with incidentally discovered tumors (15/49 (31%) vs. 5/47 (11%), (p = 0.01)). Conclusion: The incidence of siNET and pNETs increased over the past decade. For siNETs, the stage of disease and the distribution of symptomatic vs. incidentally discovered tumors were unchanged between the two periods. Patients with pNETs presented with more local and incidentally discovered tumors in the latter period. Patients with incidentally discovered siNETs had disseminated disease in 44% of the overall cases. The vast majority of incidentally found pNETs were localized.
Energy-Efficient Inference on the Edge Exploiting TinyML Capabilities for UAVs
Authors: Raza Wamiq , Osman Anas , Ferrini Francesco , Natale Francesco De
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has increased dramatically. UAVs can accomplish complex or dangerous tasks in a reliable and cost-effective way but are still limited by power consumption problems, which pose serious constraints on the flight duration and completion of energy-demanding tasks. The possibility of providing UAVs with advanced decision-making capabilities in an energy-effective way would be extremely beneficial. In this paper, we propose a practical solution to this problem that exploits deep learning on the edge. The developed system integrates an OpenMV microcontroller into a DJI Tello Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV). The microcontroller hosts a set of machine learning-enabled inference tools that cooperate to control the navigation of the drone and complete a given mission objective. The goal of this approach is to leverage the new opportunistic features of TinyML through OpenMV including offline inference, low latency, energy efficiency, and data security. The approach is successfully validated on a practical application consisting of the onboard detection of people wearing protection masks in a crowded environment.
Multiloop Multirate Continuous-Discrete Drone Stabilization System: An Equivalent Single-Rate Model
Authors: Kramar Vadim , Kabanov Aleksey , Alchakov Vasiliy
Published: November 2021

The article discusses the UAV lateral motion stabilization system, as a MIMO multiloop multirate continuous-discrete system, specified in the form of an input–output model in the domain of discrete Laplace transform or in the form of a structural diagram. Approaches to the construction of equivalent T and NT single-rate models for MIMO multiloop multirate continuous-discrete systems are considered. Here, T is the largest common divisor of the sampling periods of the system, N is a natural number that is the smallest common multiple of the numbers characterizing the sampling periods of the system. The resulting impulse representations of the outputs of equivalent models are in the form of rational functions. The basis for the construction of these models is a matrix of sampling densities—a structural invariant of sampling chains. An example of the construction of the indicated matrix and an equivalent single-rate model are given. Obtaining equivalent single-rate models for MIMO multiloop multirate systems allows us to extend the methods of research and synthesis of MIMO continuous and continuous-discrete systems to a common theoretical base—the theory of polynomials and rational functions, which are typical elements of the description of these classes of systems.
Does Government Expenditure Affect Regional Inclusive Growth? An Experience of Implementing Village Fund Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati , Tajuddin Tajuddin , Nur Syamsir
Published: November 2021

The village fund allocation is a policy strategy of the government of Indonesia for development in rural areas. Each village has funds sourced from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget. The uniqueness of this strategy is the community’s involvement in determining the allocation expenditure of funds. Therefore, the program is carried out in line with the needs of the community. Rural areas generally rely on agriculture, which has lower productivity than other sectors, so they need support to achieve inclusive growth. This study analyzes whether the village fund allocation is a pro-poor, pro-equality, and pro-job policy. It uses secondary data from the Ministry of Finance, Statistics Indonesia, and the National Development Planning Agency from the period of 2015–2019 for 33 provinces of Indonesia. The data were analyzed using panel regression with three models: income inequality, poverty levels, and unemployment rates. Other variables supporting inclusive growth, including economic growth, infrastructure, and the expansion of public services, were examined. The results showed that government expenditure through village fund allocation encourages inclusive growth as a policy that is pro-poor and pro-job but not pro-equality. Economic growth, on the other hand, reduces income inequality but increases poverty. Economic infrastructure increases income inequality, while increasing access to public services reduces poverty levels and increases unemployment.
Interdisciplinary Class Observation in Higher Education: Lessons Learned from the Professional Development Experience of Four Teachers
Authors: Miranda Joana P. , Batista Mariana , Duarte Cristina , Sanches Tatiana
Published: November 2021

Peer observation of teaching has been adopted as a method to improve the quality of teaching. It involves observers providing descriptive feedback to their peers on learning and teaching practices. However, although extensively described in the literature in the education field, its use as a tool for development beyond teaching skills has not been explored deeply, nor the best practices described. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare quantitative with qualitative peer observation, as well as to investigate the role of interdisciplinarity in the observation process. The present study results from experimental observation work carried out by four professors of higher education. Veterinary science, social work, pharmaceutical sciences, and education, the disciplinary areas of origin of the teachers, were the ecosystems in which the initial observation techniques were explored and applied, and the intention was to share good practices and pedagogical improvements through peer support. This study reports the experience of building an observation grid and its application, as well as the lessons learned during the observation experience. The aim was to evaluate whether the constructive criticism was focused on the pedagogical practices rather than on the content, which can be useful in understanding if the learning objectives are being attained, from the teacher’s point of view. As such, we employed and assessed peer observation as a constructive, developmental process for higher education teachers from different fields of knowledge. The study concludes that feedback by peers is essential for the development of professional practice in higher education teaching, with the experience of qualitative observation being a fundamental path for teacher self-reflection in the search for their own authenticity. It further supports the notion that interdisciplinary differences, methodologies, styles, contexts, and practices can be used in a constructive way to improve course content and delivery, and, ultimately, to reinforce good teaching.
Optimized Design of a Sonar Transmitter for the High-Power Control of Multichannel Acoustic Transducers
Authors: Lee Byung-Hwa , Baek Ji-Eun , Kim Dong-Wook , Lee Jeong-Min , Sim Jae-Yoon
Published: November 2021

For driving multichannel underwater acoustic transducers, the integrated design of the transmitter based on the analysis of the widely distributed impedance should be considered. Previous studies focused on either the matching circuit or the fast resonant tracking control. This paper proposes the design and control methods of a sonar transmitter based on the analysis of the impedance distribution. For the transmitter design, the optimization method based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed for estimating the equivalent and matching circuit parameters. The equivalent circuits of the transducer are more precisely designed by using the measured data in both air and water. The fitness function proposed in the matching includes special functions, such as the limitation and parasitic inductances. A comparison of the experimental and simulation results shows that the optimized matching design improved the power factor, and was similar to the experimental result. For the transmitter control, the constant power and voltage control (CPVC) and instant voltage and current control (IVCC) methods are proposed for the variable impedance load. The impedance variation range affects the rated power and rated voltage of the transmitter, and the rating range determines the initial modulation index (MI) of the pulse-width modulation (PWM) control. To verify the control method, an experimental setup including the multichannel acoustic transducers was established. As a result, the constant power and constant voltage were verified with the proposed control, and the instant voltage and current control also worked in the event that the instant voltage or current exceed their threshold values.
Grid-Connected and Isolated Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: Guo Xiaoqiang , Nguyen Minh-Khai , Malinowski Mariusz , Tedeschi Elisabetta
Published: November 2021

With the rapid progression of renewable energies into grids, grid-connected systems are increasing dramatically around the world [...]
Iterative Self-Tuning Minimum Variance Control of a Nonlinear Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Maneuvering Model
Authors: Tomas-Rodríguez Maria , Revestido Herrero Elías , Velasco Francisco J.
Published: November 2021

This paper addresses the problem of control design for a nonlinear maneuvering model of an autonomous underwater vehicle. The control algorithm is based on an iteration technique that approximates the original nonlinear model by a sequence of linear time-varying equations equivalent to the original nonlinear problem and a self-tuning control method so that the controller is designed at each time point on the interval for trajectory tracking and heading angle control. This work makes use of self-tuning minimum variance principles. The benefit of this approach is that the nonlinearities and couplings of the system are preserved, unlike in the cases of control design based on linearized systems, reducing in this manner the uncertainty in the model and increasing the robustness of the controller. The simulations here presented use a torpedo-shaped underwater vehicle model and show the good performance of the controller and accurate tracking for certain maneuvering cases.
Survey on Machine Learning Algorithms Enhancing the Functional Verification Process
Authors: Ismail Khaled A. , Ghany Mohamed A. Abd El
Published: November 2021

The continuing increase in functional requirements of modern hardware designs means the traditional functional verification process becomes inefficient in meeting the time-to-market goal with sufficient level of confidence in the design. Therefore, the need for enhancing the process is evident. Machine learning (ML) models proved to be valuable for automating major parts of the process, which have typically occupied the bandwidth of engineers; diverting them from adding new coverage metrics to make the designs more robust. Current research of deploying different (ML) models prove to be promising in areas such as stimulus constraining, test generation, coverage collection and bug detection and localization. An example of deploying artificial neural network (ANN) in test generation shows 24.5× speed up in functionally verifying a dual-core RISC processor specification. Another study demonstrates how k-means clustering can reduce redundancy of simulation trace dump of an AHB-to-WHISHBONE bridge by 21%, thus reducing the debugging effort by not having to inspect unnecessary waveforms. The surveyed work demonstrates a comprehensive overview of current (ML) models enhancing the functional verification process from which an insight of promising future research areas is inferred.
Extended Equal Area Criterion Revisited: A Direct Method for Fast Transient Stability Analysis
Authors: Bahmanyar Alireza , Ernst Damien , Vanaubel Yves , Gemine Quentin , Pache Camille , Panciatici Patrick
Published: November 2021

For transient stability analysis of a multi-machine power system, the Extended Equal Area Criterion (EEAC) method applies the classic Equal Area Criterion (EAC) concept to an approximate One Machine Infinite Bus (OMIB) equivalent of the system to find the critical clearing angle. The system-critical clearing time can then be obtained by numerical integration of OMIB equations. The EEAC method was proposed in the 1980s and 1990s as a substitute for time-domain simulation for Transmission System Operators (TSOs) to provide fast, transient stability analysis with the limited computational power available those days. To ensure the secure operation of the power system, TSOs have to identify and prevent potential critical scenarios through offline analyses of a few dangerous ones. These days, due to increased uncertainties in electrical power systems, the number of these critical scenarios is increasing, substantially, calling for fast, transient stability analysis techniques once more. Among them, the EEAC is a unique approach that provides not only valuable information, but also a graphical representation of system dynamics. This paper revisits the EEAC but from a modern, functional point of view. First, the definition of the OMIB model of a multi-machine power system is redrawn in its general form. To achieve fast, transient stability analysis, EEAC relies on approximate models of the true OMIB model. These approximations are clarified, and the EAC concept is redefined with a general definition for instability, and its conditions. Based on the defined conditions and definitions, functions are developed for each EEAC building block, which are later put out together to provide a full-resolution, functional scheme. This functional scheme not only covers the previous literature on the subject, but also allows to introduce several possible new EEAC approaches and provides a detailed description of their implementation procedure. A number of approaches are applied to the French EHV network, and the approximations are examined.
Modeling the Bending Strength of MDF Faced, Polyurethane Foam-Cored Sandwich Panels Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Authors: Nazerian Morteza , Naderi Fateme , Partovinia Ali , Papadopoulos Antonios N. , Younesi-Kordkheili Hamed
Published: November 2021

The present study evaluates and compares predictions on the performance and the approaches of the response surface methodology (RSM) and the artificial neural network (ANN) so to model the bending strength of the polyurethane foam-cored sandwich panel. The effect of the independent variables (formaldehyde to urea molar ratio (MR), sandwich panel thickness (PT) and the oxidized protein to melamine-urea-formaldehyde synthesized resin weight ratio (WR)) was examined based on the bending strength by the central composite design of the RSM and the multilayer perceptron of the ANN. The models were statistically compared based on the training and validation data sets via the determination coefficient (R2), the root mean squares error (RMSE), the absolute average deviation (AAD) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The R2 calculated for the ANN and the RSM models was 0.9969 and 0.9960, respectively. The models offered good predictions; however, the ANN model was more precise than the RSM model, thus proving that the ANN and the RSM models are valuable instruments to model and optimize the bending properties of the sandwich panel.
Bioactivity of Dietary Polyphenols: The Role in LDL-C Lowering
Authors: Sun Peng , Zhao Liang , Zhang Nanhai , Zhou Jingxuan , Zhang Liebing , Wu Wei , Ji Baoping , Zhou Feng
Published: November 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of the death around the world. An elevation of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. To achieve optimal plasma LDL-C levels, clinal therapies were investigated which targeted different metabolism pathways. However, some therapies also caused various adverse effects. Thus, there is a need for new treatment options and/or combination therapies to inhibit the LDL-C level. Dietary polyphenols have received much attention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases due to their potential LDL-C lowering effects. However, the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of polyphenols in lowering LDL-C is not comprehensively summarized. This review focused on dietary polyphenols that could reduce LDL-C and their mechanisms of action. This review also discussed the limitations and suggestions regarding previous studies.
Pomegranate Byproduct Extracts as Ingredients for Producing Experimental Cheese with Enhanced Microbiological, Functional, and Physical Characteristics
Authors: Parafati Lucia , Pesce Fabiola , Siracusa Laura , Fallico Biagio , Restuccia Cristina , Palmeri Rosa
Published: November 2021

Pomegranate peel and mesocarp, considered as wastes of fruit processing, are rich sources of beneficial phytochemicals, including hydrolyzable tannins and flavonoids, with proven antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, which can be employed for improving the overall quality of food products. In the present study, extracts from pomegranate peel (PPW) and mesocarp (PMW) were obtained through a water extraction method and evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity and polyphenol content. The two extracts were then added during the cheese-making process in order to create a new functional cheese with improved microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics. Antimicrobial in vitro assays evidenced a substantial efficacy of both extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, which often causes staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks linked to the consumption of raw milk cheeses and artisanal cheeses. For this reason, a simulated cheese contamination was carried out in order to assess if pomegranate extracts can exert antimicrobial activity towards this pathogen even when incorporated into the cheese matrix. Milk enriched with pomegranate extracts (PPW and PMW) was used to produce two different experimental cheeses, which were then evaluated for yield, polyphenol content, and microbiological as well as physico-chemical traits throughout the refrigerated storage. Despite the low concentration of the extracts, the treated cheeses showed an increase in firmness and a slight decrease in S. aureus counts, of more than one log unit in comparison to the control cheese, for up to 12 d of cold storage. Such results support the reuse of agro-food byproducts, in substitution to chemical food preservatives, as the key to a circular economy.
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mass Market Retailing of Wine in Italy
Authors: Gerini Francesca , Dominici Andrea , Casini Leonardo
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed framework of wine purchases in supermarkets during the COVID-19 pandemic. The unexpected diffusion of the virus and the restrictions imposed in Italy to prevent its spread have significantly affected the food purchasing habits of consumers. By analyzing the scanner data of the wine sales in the Italian mass market retail channel, this study was intended to show whether and how the dynamics triggered by the pandemic have modified the overall value and type of wine purchases, focusing on prices, formats, and promotional sales. In particular, this study explores sales in two separate periods, namely March–April (the “lockdown”, with general compulsory closing and severe restrictions) and June–July 2020 (the “post-lockdown”, in which some limitations were no longer effective). The analysis of wine sales during lockdown and post-lockdown and the study of the variations compared to the sales of the previous years showed some significant changes in purchase behavior. The results could provide managers, researchers, and policy makers with extensive insights into the purchasing patterns of consumers during this unprecedented time and reveal trends that may characterize the structure of the future wine demand.
Chemical Content of Five Molluscan Bivalve Species Collected from South Korea: Multivariate Study and Safety Evaluation
Authors: Mutić Jelena , Jovanović Vesna , Jacxsens Liesbeth , Tondeleir Jannes , Ristivojević Petar , Djurdjić Sladjana , Rajković Andreja , Veličković Tanja Ćirković
Published: November 2021

Bivalves are a good source of nutrients but also a potential source of environmental contaminants, which could pose a risk for consumers. The aims of this study were: the determination of 16 elements by ICP-MS in 48 samples of five bivalve species purchased from market in Korea; the identification of elements useful for species classification using multivariate analyses; and the benefit-risk evaluation associated to the consumption of these bivalves. The highest difference among content of elements between species was found for Cd, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Fe. Partial last squares discriminant analysis revealed elements with a VIP score >1 which were considered as the most relevant for explaining certain species. As, Cd, Co, and Ni were found as taxonomical markers of V. philippinarum; Mn, Zn, Mg, and Na of A. irradians; and Cd, Ni, and Fe of M. yessoensis. These species could serve as good dietary sources of essential elements. Cd exposure by consumption of Manila clams is not representing a health risk for the Korean population; however, through consumption of Yesso scallops, 5.3% of the Korean population has a potential health risk. Removal of the digestive gland before eating will drastically reduce the amount of Cd ingested.
Viewing Classical Radio Galaxies with the Upgraded GMRT and MeerKAT—A Progress Report
Authors: Lal Dharam V. , Legodi Portia , Fanaroff Bernie , Venturi Tiziana , Smirnov Oleg M. , Bondi Marco , Thorat Kshitij , Bester Landman H. , Józsa Gyula I. G. , Kleiner Dane , Loi Francesca , Makhathini Sphesihle , White Sarah V.
Published: November 2021

We present a progress report of a study of FR I and FR II radio galaxies. Several new morphological features in the radio emission are now revealed using the high (μJy) sensitivity reached in the range 550–1712 MHz, more than a factor of three, at the high (∼4″−7″) angular resolution with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) and MeerKAT. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand if we need to revise our current classification scheme for classical radio galaxies. In order to address our goals, we have carefully constructed a sample of 14 (6 FR I, 6 FR II and 2 FR 0) radio galaxies. The uGMRT and MeerKAT images of our four target sources revealed a wealth of morphological details, e.g., filamentary structure in the emission from the lobes, misalignments, radio emission beyond the hot-spots in three sources, etc.; see Fanaroff et al. (2021). Here, we present preliminary results for two more radio galaxies from our sample using uGMRT, in the light of the local environment. Finally, we are awaiting uGMRT and MeerKAT observations of remaining sample sources. Our results show that for the radio galaxies in this study, the morphological classification scheme for the classical FR I/FR II radio galaxies still holds, even with the improved imaging capabilities of the uGMRT and MeerKAT. Furthermore, we need to be cautious when using automated procedures for classification schemes, e.g., in surveys (with poorer sensitivities and angular resolutions) because of the rich morphological details that are shown in our uGMRT and MeerKAT images.
The Origins of Sulfate in Cenozoic Non-Marine Evaporites in the Basin and-Range Province, Southwestern North America
Authors: Gu Ailiang , Eastoe Christopher John
Published: November 2021

Cenozoic evaporites (gypsum and anhydrite) in southwestern North America have wide ranges of δ34S (−30 to +22‰; most +4 to +10‰) and δ18OSO4 (+3 to +19‰). New data are presented for five basins in southern Arizona. The evaporites were deposited in playas or perennial saline lakes in closed basins of Oligocene or younger age. Very large accumulations in Picacho, Safford and Tucson Basins have isotope compositions plotting close to a linear δ34S-δ18OSO4 relationship corresponding to mixing of two sources of sulfur: (1) sulfate recycled from Permian marine gypsum and (2) sulfate from weathering of Laramide-age igneous rocks that include porphyry copper deposits. In the large evaporites, sulfate with δ34S > +10‰ is dominantly of Permian or Early Cretaceous marine origin, but has locally evolved to higher values as a result of bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). Sulfate with δ34S < −10‰ formed following exposure of sulfides, possibly formed during supergene enrichment of a porphyry copper deposit by BSR, and have values of δ18OSO4 higher than those of local acid rock drainage because of participation of evaporated water in BSR. Accumulations of 30 to 100 km3 of gypsum in Picacho and Safford Basins are too large to explain as products of contemporaneous erosion of Permian and Laramide source materials, but may represent recycling of Late Cretaceous to Miocene lacustrine sulfate.
Facial Diplegia—Complication or Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection? A Case Report and Systemic Literature Review
Authors: Szewczyk Anna K. , Skrobas Urszula , Jamroz-Wiśniewska Anna , Mitosek-Szewczyk Krystyna , Rejdak Konrad
Published: November 2021

Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus, healthcare systems around the world have witnessed not only COVID-19 symptoms but also long-term complications of the aforementioned, including neurological problems. We report a clinical case of an adult patient with bilateral facial nerve palsy and progressive ascending paresis of the limbs after contracting the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Additionally, the systematic review aimed to identify and summarize specific clinical features, outcomes and complications of the studies focusing on bilateral facial diplegia as a sequela of COVID-19 infection. The total number of analyzed patients was 15. Only one patient was diagnosed with isolated bilateral palsy; the rest had Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). With one exception, all the presented cases had favorable outcomes, with facial palsy recovery from slight to almost complete. In patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, bilateral facial palsy may be an isolated symptom as well as a variant of GBS. Symptoms of cranial nerve damage during a COVID-19 infection may explain the appearance of facial nerve damage. In order to clarify the spectrum of neurological manifestations and a causal relation between SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccination and neurological symptoms, direct attention towards the study of this virus is crucial. It seems reasonable to recognize human coronavirus as another potential GBS trigger.
Monitoring Coptic Masonry Affected by Clay Minerals and Microorganisms at the Church of Virgin Mary, Wadi El-Natrun (Egypt)
Authors: Moussa Abubakr , Roshdy Mahmoud
Published: November 2021

This paper focuses on the role played by the clay minerals and microorganisms in the deterioration process of Coptic architecture units at the church of Virgin Mary, Wadi El-Natrun region. For this purpose building materials (mainly mortars and plasters) from the studied church were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS); in order to identify their composition and were investigated petro-graphically to determine the real response of the masonry structure to the deformation imposed at the endogenous factors. Wall gypsum mortars in the church contain halloysite as a dominant clay mineral while plaster is clay free; concerning microorganisms, the fungal flora Aspergillus glaucus represent the most dominant fungi constituting (22.22%), Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus occhraceus, and Aspergillus caudidus were also isolated.
Prognostic Role of Anemia in COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zuin Marco , Rigatelli Gianluca , Quadretti Laura , Fogato Luisella , Zuliani Giovanni , Roncon Loris
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The prevalence and prognostic implications of anemia in patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with anemia. Methods. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed in abstracting data and assessing validity. We searched MEDLINE and Scopus to locate all the articles published up to 1 September 2021, reporting data on the adjusted OR (aOR) for mortality among COVID-19 patients with anemia. The pooled prevalence of anemia among COVID-19 patients was calculated using a random effects model and presenting the related 95% confidence interval (CI), while the mortality risk was estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel random effects models with odds ratio (aOR) and related 95% CI. Statistical heterogeneity was measured using the Higgins I2 statistic. Results. Five studies, enrolling 9.623 COVID-19 patients [3.707 males (38.5%)], met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia was 25.6% of cases (95% CI: 8.3–56.5%), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.9%). Meta-regression showed that the anemia prevalence was influenced by a direct correlation with age (p = 0.007) and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.004) as moderating variables. Conversely, an inverse relationship was observed with male gender (p < 0.0001). Anemia was significantly associated with higher risk of short-term mortality (aOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.28–2.24, p < 0.001), with low heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Conclusions. Anemia represents a major comorbidity in about 25% of COVID-19 patients and it is associated with about 70% higher risk of short-term mortality.
Pharmacists’ Perception of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Daghastani Tamara , Tadros Odate , Arabiyat Shereen , Jaber Deema , AlSalamat Husam
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To analyze the role of pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic, to measure pharmacists’ attitude toward COVID-19 safety measures (wearing masks, wearing gloves, isolation shield, good hygiene, etc.), and explore their perspectives regarding a second wave of the virus. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey study was conducted in Jordan during the COVID-19 outbreak in July 2020 to discuss Jordanian pharmacists’ awareness of safety at their workplace during the COVID-19 outbreak, their sources of information, and their predictions for COVID-19 vaccination. Results: The participants (n = 311) were all pharmacists mostly aged between 23–30 years old (45%) and female (83%). The primary source of information about COVID-19 was social networking (38.9%). Pharmacists were committed to social distancing (86.5%) and wearing masks (76.2%). They expressed levels of agreement to their role in decreasing COVID-19 spread (94.2%) and correcting false information (94.5%); they expressed levels of expectation toward concern about a second COVID-19 wave (83%) that would be more severe than the previous one (43.4%). Pharmacists expected that an influenza vaccine might be helpful in decreasing severity and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic (56.9%). Pharmacists expected COVID-19 vaccine development within 6 months of administering our study survey (84.9%) and that vaccination might be effective in preventing COVID-19 (93%) infection. Conclusion: Pharmacists expressed positive roles on COVID-19 spread through exemplary actions, self-commitment to protection measures, and public health awareness. Social media as a source of health information should be cautiously investigated, and pharmacists should always refer to evidence-based sources. The role of pharmacists is particularly important for the upcoming era of COVID-19 vaccination administration and awareness.
The Function of the Kynurenine Pathway in the Placenta: A Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Target?
Authors: Broekhuizen Michelle , Danser A. H. Jan , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Merkus Daphne
Published: November 2021

(L-)tryptophan is metabolized via the kynurenine pathway into several kynurenine metabolites with distinct functions. Dysfunction of the kynurenine pathway can lead to impairments in vascular regulation, immune regulation, and tolerance. The first and rate limiting enzyme of this pathway, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), is highly expressed in the placenta and reduced in placentas from complicated pregnancies. IDO is essential during pregnancy, as IDO inhibition in pregnant mice resulted in fetal loss. However, the exact function of placental IDO, as well as its exact placental localization, remain controversial. This review identified that two isoforms of IDO; IDO1 and IDO2, are differently expressed between placental cells, suggesting spatial segregation. Furthermore, this review summarizes how the placental kynurenine pathway is altered in pregnancy complications, including recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Importantly, we describe that these alterations do not affect maternally circulating metabolite concentrations, suggesting that the kynurenine pathway functions as a local signaling pathway. In the placenta, it is an important source of de novo placental NAD+ synthesis and regulates fetal tryptophan and kynurenine metabolite supply. Therefore, kynurenine pathway interventions might provide opportunities to treat pregnancy complications, and this review discusses how such treatment could affect placental function and pregnancy development.
Emerging Qualitative Research Trends (2010–2021) on Sedentary Behaviour among Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review Protocol
Authors: Ramalho André , Serrano João , Paulo Rui , Duarte-Mendes Pedro , Rosado António , Petrica João
Published: November 2021

In recent years, research on sedentary behaviour has increased. In this regard, there is a need for theoretical reviews that allow us to determine the past, analyse the present, and prepare the future of research in this field. The purpose of this review paper was to analyse and organise the emerging qualitative research trends (2010–2021) on the sedentary behaviour of older adults. A systematic literature search strategy was developed in various electronic scientific databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scielo, and Scopus). The included studies were required to have different qualitative methodological approaches in terms of data collection and methods of data analysis. Studies conducted in any country and published in a peer-reviewed journal in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were considered. A thematic analysis approach was used for data extraction and synthesis, and confidence in the results was assessed using the GRADE-CERQual approach. This study may enable accurate guidelines to be established for future primary qualitative research related to sedentary behaviour.