bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Экспериментальное исследование охлаждения пластины электрическим ветром от игольчатого электрода
Authors: Елагин И.А. , Марковский П.Ю. , Стишков Ю.К.
Published: March 2020

Экспериментально исследовано охлаждение нагретой пластины, играющей роль заземленного электрода, с помощью узкой интенсивной струи электрического ветра от игольчатого коронирующего электрода, направленной перпендикулярно к центру пластины. При фиксированной средней температуре нагревателя получена зависимость отводимой с помощью ветра тепловой мощности от расходуемой на поддержание коронного разряда электрической мощности при различных межэлектродных расстояниях и напряжениях. Показано, что небольшая струя электрического ветра может эффективно охлаждать достаточно массивную пластину, отводя до 23 W тепловой мощности при затрачиваемой электрической мощности до 0.7 W. Также проведено экспериментальное исследование структуры электрического ветра в рассматриваемой системе электродов. Для визуализации течений и получения распределений скорости использовалась установка лазерной анемометрии. Скорости в центральной струе электрического ветра достигали 8-9 m/s. При положительной полярности коронирующего электрода струя получается более узкой и быстрой. Однако эффективность охлаждения при положительной и отрицательной полярностях примерно одинакова. Ключевые слова: коронный разряд, электрический ветер, охлаждение, лазерная анемометрия, электроды игла-плоскость.
Экспериментальное исследование влияния магнитного поля удлиненного соленоида на растяжение металлических кумулятивных струй
Authors: Федоров С.В. , Бабкин А.В. , Маринин В.М.
Published: March 2020

Results of the experimental study of the long solenoid longitudinal magnetic field influence on stretching of metal shaped-charge jets in the free flight are presented. Shaped charges with a diameter of 50 mm with copper conic liner were used in experiments. Parameters of the solenoid discharge circuit with the capacitive store of energy were such that the characteristic time moments of magnetic induction maximum achievement made about 100 μs. For the magnetic field parameters realized in experiments with the maximum value of an induction up to 10 T the small increase in depth of steel target penetration was recorded which wasn't exceeding 10 %. The possible reasons of big difference of the received results with the results of similar experiments are discussed.
Образование множественных сбоев в изделиях электроники под действием протонов и нейтронов
Authors: Иванов Н.А. , Лобанов О.В. , Пашук В.В. , Прыгунов М.О. , Сизова К.Г.
Published: March 2020

Проведено облучение нуклонами на пучках синхроциклотрона Петербургского института ядерной физики (ПИЯФ) интегральных схем памяти типа SRAM с технологической нормой 90 nm и оптоэлектронных изделий: CCD- и CMOS-матриц. Представлены данные по сечениям образования сбоев в интегральных схемах памяти под действием протонов с энергией 1000 MeV и пикселей с большой величиной темнового тока (спайков) в оптоэлектронных изделиях, облученных протонами с энергией 1000 MeV, и нейтронами с энергетическим спектром, подобным спектру атмосферных нейтронов. Основное внимание уделено исследованию возникновения кластеров спайков и множественных сбоев. Установлено, что основная часть спайков и одиночных сбоев находится в составе кластеров. Ключевые слова: спайки, кластеры, множественные сбои, протоны, нейтроны, интегральные схемы, память, оптоэлектронные изделия.
Механизм формирования трубчатого оксида титана электрохимическим анодированием
Authors: Лазарук С.К. , Купреева О.В. , Циркунов Д.А. , Сасинович Д.А. , Дудич В.В. , Рабатуев Г.Г.
Published: March 2020

The conditions for the formation of anodic titanium oxide with a tubular structure were studied. The mechanism for the formation of tubular titanium oxide based on the localization of the electrochemical oxidation of titanium in the places of the barrier layer at the bottom of the pore, where the density of the flowing anodic current is increased, as a result of which the temperature of these regions increases. With an increase in the temperature of the barrier layer above the threshold value, a transition from the traditional «honeycomb-like» porous structure to the tubular structure takes place. The proposed mechanism is confirmed by the results of experimental research.
Влияние Cr и Ni на формирование фаз в механосинтезированном нанокомпозите на основе Fe-=SUB=-75-=/SUB=-C-=SUB=-25-=/SUB=-
Authors: Чулкина А.А. , Ульянов А.И. , Волков В.А. , Ульянов А.Л. , Загайнов А.В.
Published: March 2020

X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements have been used to study the phase formation and doping during mechanical synthesis (MS) and subsequent annealing of the alloy (Fe0.80Cr0.05Ni0.15)75C25. It has been shown that, after MS, the nanocomposite contains mainly two phases – an amorphous phase and cementite A. During annealing, as a result of crystallization of the amorphous phase, cementite B is formed, in which contains more nickel than in the mechanically synthesized cementite A. As the annealing temperature increases, austenite, which is inhomogeneous in nickel content, is formed. The Curie temperature of this austenite reaches 500 °C. It has been determined that cementite in the mechanosynthesized nanocomposite (Fe,Cr,Ni)75C25 has a higher temperature stabilitythan that in a MS composite (Fe,Ni)75C25.
Влияние имплантации ионов Ba-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=- на состав и электронные свойства пленок MoO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-/Mo (111)
Authors: Умирзаков Б.Е. , Ташмухамедова Д.А. , Гулямова С.Т. , Аллаярова Г.Х.
Published: March 2020

Представленные данные показывают, что при имплантации MoO3 ионами Ba+ в ионно-легированном слое формируется пленка, состоящая из соединений типа Mo-O, Mo-Ba-O и Ba-O. Это приводит к резкому изменению плотности состояния валентных электронов, уменьшению работы выхода eφ до 2.7 eV, уменьшению ширины запрещенной зоны Eg в ~1.5 раза и увеличению максимального значения коэффициента вторичной электронной эмиссии sigmam в 1.5 раза. Установлено, что эмиссионная эффективность вторичных электронов приповерхностного слоя чистого Mo заметно больше, чем эмиссионная эффективность ионно-имплантированных слоев Mo. Поэтому увеличение sigmam после ионной имплантации в основном объясняется уменьшением eφ поверхности. При прогреве ионно-имплантированного MoO3 до 900 K значение eφ уменьшается до 2 eV, а значение sigmam увеличивается до T=1000 K. Ключевые слова: ионная имплантация, эмиссионная эффективность, прогрев, термоэлектронная работа выхода, ширина запрещенной зоны, фотоэлектроны.
Возбуждение электронным ударом уровней 4p-=SUP=-5-=/SUP=-5p атома криптона из метастабильных состояний
Authors: Митюрева А.А. , Смирнов В.В.
Published: March 2020

There were obtained the data for electron impact excitation cross sections of 4p5 5p levels of the krypton atom from the metastable states 4p5 5s 3P0,2. They reflect the totality of the available data on the specified process, including the results of authors own measurements.
Нелинейное оптическое поглощение в GaSe при лазерном возбуждении
Authors: Салманов В.М. , Гусейнов А.Г. , Мамедов Р.М. , Салманова А.А. , Дашдамирова Н.Д.
Published: March 2020

: Nonlinear light absorption in GaSe crystals at high levels of optical excitation have been investiqated experimentally. Nd:YAG laser (1st, 2nd harmonic-1064 nm, 532 nm) and a liquid laser (radiation wavelength tuning range of 594-643 nm) were used as radiation sources. It is shown that the observed features in the absorption, luminescence, and photoconductivity spectra in the exciton resonance region in GaSe crystals at high levels of optical excitation can be explained by the interaction of excitons and the screening of the Coulomb interaction by free carriers.
Генерация высших гармоник при распространении предельно короткого оптического импульса в среде углеродных нанотрубок с нелинейным поглощением
Authors: Конобеева Н.Н. , Белоненко М.Б.
Published: March 2020

The problem of the propagation of an extremely short optical pulse in a medium of carbon nanotubes with nonlinear absorption and amplification is considered. Nonlinear absorption is described phenomenologically based on published data. The mode in which the gain is higher than the linear absorption coefficient is considered. This mode is also described phenomenologically. The extremely short optical pulse is considered on the basis of Maxwell's equations, with a microscopically calculated dependence of the current on the pulse field. The possibility of efficient generation of higher harmonics that are not initially present in the pulse is shown.
Плазмон-поляритоны Дьяконова, распространяющиеся вдоль поверхности гиперболического метаматериала
Authors: Давидович М.В.
Published: March 2020

Plasmon polaritons of the Diakonov surface wave type along the flat boundary of a hyperbolic metamaterial with an arbitrary orientation of the crystallographic axis are considered. Conditions for the existence of fast, slow, flowing, gliding flowing, forward and backward plasmon polaritons are found. A waveguide in the form of an asymmetric layer of a hyperbolic metamaterial is considered. An expression for the density of electromagnetic energy in such a metamaterial is given.
О возможностях многомерной эквидистантной абсорбционной спектроскопии в широком диапазоне частот в исследованиях фракций термической разгонки нефти
Authors: Егорова Н.И. , Конюшенко И.О. , Немец В.М. , Пеганов С.А.
Published: March 2020

The features and possibilities of absorption molecular spectroscopy of complex mixtures of organic compounds by the instance of oil thermal distillation fractions are studied. The problem of studying the spectra of oil fractions as a single object of complex molecular composition was directly solved (i.e. without studing of molecular composition). Thereby multidimensional equidistant spectra were studied in a wide spectral range. Measurement conditions: frequency range from 500 to 1500 cm-1, spectral resolution 1 cm-1, frequency increment 0.5 cm-1, Objects under investigation - 33 fractions of thermal oil distillation. Results processing of spectroscopic measurements was carried out using methods of multifactor mathematical statistics. The efficiency of using absorption molecular spectroscopy in the far infrared region in the study and control of the optical characteristics (absorption spectra) of oil thermal distillation fractions is shown.
Генерация пикосекундных импульсов лазерами с распределенной обратной связью с длиной волны 1064 nm
Authors: Гаджиев И.М. , Буяло М.С. , Паюсов А.С. , Бакшаев И.О. , Колыхалова Е.Д. , Портной Е.Л.
Published: March 2020

Picosecond optical pulses generation by 1064nm InGaAs/GaAs quantum well distributed feedback lasers was investigated. In the gain-switching regime the duration of laser pulses decreased from 150 to 35 ps with temperature increase from 5 to 50 degrees. The minimal pulses duration 35 ps and spectral width 70 pm was achieved in the optimal temperature range. The laser was placed in sealed butterfly package, which made it possible to obtain wavelength temperature tuning of 3 nm where the pulses duration was less than 45 ps. The output peak power was 0.4 W from single-mode polarization maintaining fiber.
Состав, электронное и атомное строение наночастиц палладия при различных концентрациях металла в матрице полиэтилена
Authors: Подсухина С.С. , Козинкин А.В. , Власенко В.Г. , Юрков Г.Ю. , Попков О.В.
Published: March 2020

The composition, electronic and atomic structure of palladium nanoparticles stabilized in high pressure polyethylene (with palladium concentrations of 10 and 20 mass%) were studied by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. It was found that nanoparticles consist of metal (Pd) and oxide (Pd2O3) components, and their average size and coordination numbers for first Pd coordination sphere decrease(from 7 to 6 nm and from 7 to 5.7, respectively) with a decrease in metal concentration.
Определение по спектру фототока ширины запрещенной зоны Ga-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-In-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-As p-n-переходов на метаморфном буфере
Authors: Минтаиров М.А. , Евстропов В.В. , Минтаиров С.А. , Шварц М.З. , Калюжный Н.А.
Published: March 2020

A method for determining the p-n junction band gap from photocurrent quantum yield spectrum is proposed and substantiated in the work. The method has been applied to Ga(1-x)In(x)As p-n junctions grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy grown on metamorphic buffers. The difference between the band gap determined by the method and the electroluminescence spectrum maximum position did not exceed 3 meV. It is shown that the method can be used to determine the relationship between the band gap and the saturation current of Ga(1-x)In (a)As p-n junctions.
Термомиграция расплавленных зон по поверхности кремния в условиях теплового удара
Authors: Скворцов А.А. , Корячко М.В. , Рыбакова М.Р.
Published: March 2020

The issues of the formation and migration of molten zones during the electric explosion of thin aluminum films on the oxidized silicon surface are considered. A difference was found in the mechanisms of formation and migration of melted zones on the surface during the passage of the current pulse and after it was turned off. It was revealed that after the current pulse is switched off, the migration of molten zones is determined by the temperature gradient near a local heat source. The temperature gradients were obtained from the size dependence of the displacement velocity and the coefficient of thermoelasticity was estimated, which determines the dynamics of zone migration in the temperature gradient field.
Газофазная эпитаксия слоев AlN на темплейте AlN/Si(111), синтезированном методом реактивного магнетронного распыления
Authors: Бессолов В.Н. , Грузинов Н.Д. , Компан М.Е. , Коненкова Е.В. , Пантелеев В.Н. , Родин С.Н. , Щеглов М.П.
Published: March 2020

Epitaxial layers of AlN were grown on a Si(111) substrate using several sequential methods: reactive magnetron sputtering (up to a thickness of 20 nm), MOCVD (up to a thickness of 450 nm), and HVPE (up to a thickness of 2 microns).The formation of AlN by this combined method provides a significant reduction in layer deformation and suppression of crack formation.
Нелинейно-оптическая диагностика поликристаллических тонких пленок цирконата-титаната свинца
Authors: Елшин А.С. , Пронин И.П. , Сенкевич С.В. , Мишина Е.Д.
Published: March 2020

Using nonlinear optical microscopy, single-phase (perovskite) and double-phase (perovskite+pyrochlore) thin films of lead zirconate titanate deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates by the method of high-frequency magnetron sputtering at different distances of the substrate targets (D=30-70 mm) were studied. An inhomogeneous distribution of the second harmonic signal in spherulite perovskite islands was detected, including an increase in the signal at the perovskite/pyrochlore boundary, which may be due to an inhomogeneous distribution of mechanical stresses. The reasons for strong changes in the signal of the second harmonic, its relationship to changes in the character of the spherulite structure and conditions of film deposition when the distance of the target-substrate varies are discussed.
Снижение плотности прорастающих дислокаций в темплейтах AlN/c-сапфир, выращенных методом плазменно-активированной молекулярно-пучковой эпитаксии
Authors: Ратников В.В. , Нечаев Д.В. , Мясоедов А.В. , Кошелев О.А. , Жмерик В.Н.
Published: March 2020

Multiple-crystal X-ray diffraction and a multi-beam optical stress sensor were used to study AlN/c-sapphire templates grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The influence of the nucleation and buffer layers growth regimes, temperature, the ratio between Al and N* growth fluxes on the stress generation and the character of the dislocation structure were analyzed. Templates with the best crystal quality with screw and edge threading dislocation densities in a range of 4∙10^8 and 8∙10^9 cm-2, respectively, were obtained at the flux ratio of Al to N* close to 1 by using two-stage temperature regimes.
Нелинейное взаимодействие электромагнитных волн в плотной плазме
Authors: Павлов Г.А.
Published: March 2020

Nonlinear phenomena caused by the quadratic interaction of electromagnetic waves in a dense charged medium (Coulomb systems, plasma) are considered: parametric generation and generation of the second harmonic of electromagnetic radiation. To determine the quadratic reaction functions describing the interaction of electromagnetic waves in the medium, an approach based on the use of explicit approximations for reaction functions with fitting parameters is applied. Parameters are found from the exact frequency moments of the reaction functions. Using data on reaction functions, the conditions for the experimental implementation of these phenomena in a laboratory dense plasma in a constant magnetic field were evaluated.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid as a Tool for Digital Information Storage: An Overview
Authors: Patel Ashish C , Joshi C G
Published: March 2020

Current data storage technologies cannot keep pace longer with exponentially growing amounts of data through the extensive use of social networking photos and media, etc. The "digital world” with 4.4 zettabytes in 2013 has predicted it to reach 44 zettabytes by 2020. From the past 30 years, scientists and researchers have been trying to develop a robust way of storing data on a medium which is dense and ever-lasting and found DNA as the most promising storage medium. Unlike existing storage devices, DNA requires no maintenance, except the need to store at a cool and dark place. DNA has a small size with high density; just 1 gram of dry DNA can store about 455 exabytes of data. DNA stores the informations using four bases, viz., A, T, G, and C, while CDs, hard disks and other devices stores the information using 0’s and 1’s on the spiral tracks. In the DNA based storage, after binarization of digital file into the binary codes, encoding and decoding are important steps in DNA based storage system. Once the digital file is encoded, the next step is to synthesize arbitrary single-strand DNA sequences and that can be stored in the deep freeze until use.When there is a need for information to be recovered, it can be done using DNA sequencing. New generation sequencing (NGS) capable of producing sequences with very high throughput at a much lower cost about less than 0.1 USD for one MB of data than the first sequencing technologies. Post-sequencing processing includes alignment of all reads using multiple sequence alignment (MSA) algorithms to obtain different consensus sequences. The consensus sequence is decoded as the reversal of the encoding process. Most prior DNA data storage efforts sequenced and decoded the entire amount of stored digital information with no random access, but nowadays it has become possible to extract selective files (e.g., retrieving only required image from a collection) from a DNA pool using PCR-based random access. Various scientists successfully stored up to 110 zettabytes data in one gram of DNA. In the future, with an efficient encoding, error corrections, cheaper DNA synthesis,and sequencing, DNA based storage will become a practical solution for storage of exponentially growing digital data.
How AI Manufactures a Smile: Tung-Hui Hu Interviews Artist Elisa Giardina Papa on Digital Labor
Authors: Hu Tung-Hui , Giardina Papa Elisa
Published: March 2020

This conversation between scholar and poet Tung-Hui Hu and artist Elisa Giardina Papa addresses new forms of precarious labor emerging within artificial intelligence economies. Together they examine a global infrastructure of low-paid human microworkers who “clean” data and train machine vision algorithms, labelling, categorizing, annotating, and validating massive quantities of visual data. Hu and Giardina Papa discuss methods and psychological theories underpinning affective computing in the context of Giardina Papa’s latest art project, which explores the labor of producing and cleansing data sets of human expressions. A number of AI systems that supposedly recognize, interpret, and simulate human affects base their algorithms on flawed understandings of human emotions as universal, authentic, and transparent. Increasingly, tech companies and American government agencies like the Transportation Security Administration are leveraging this supposed transparency to develop software that identifies, on the one hand, consumers’ moods and, on the other hand, potentially dangerous airline passengers. In this exchange, Hu and Giardina Papa consider both the historical and present-day implications of this demand for legibility and transparency.
STATION KEEPING OF WIND DRIVEN STRATOSPHERIC BALLOON VIA PROPULSION UNIT
Authors: Kayhan Öznur
Published: March 2020

One of the most difficult problems in stratospheric balloon’s design is to keep the balloon’s geographic coordinates. Stratospheric wind speeds vary significantly both daily and throughout the year. Wind drag acting on the balloon should be manipulated to control the horizontal coordinates (longitude and latitude degree) of the stratospheric balloons. In this paper, propulsion unit is applied to a wind driven stratospheric balloon to keep balloon’s coordinate over flight area. The simulation was applied to a zero-pressure high altitude balloon using actual wind profile for the first time to control the horizontal movement of the balloon. In addition, required thrust power and some parameters effects on it have been investigated. The results indicate that propulsion unit would be helpful to manipulate the horizontal motion of the balloon and to achieve keeping the balloon’s geographic location.
YÜK VAGONU BOJİSİ TASARIMINDA ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME TEKNİKLERİ İLE MALZEME SEÇİMİ
Authors: ÇETİN Muhammet Hüseyin , ALVALI Gülüstan Tuğçe
Published: March 2020

Demiryolu araçlarının mekanik mühendisliği açısından en kritik parçası bojidir. Boji, masif yüklere maruz demiryolu araçlarının hareket, yük taşıma ve sönümleme işlemlerini yerine getirir. Kaynaklı çelik konstrüksiyondan imal edilen bojilerde yapı malzemesi olarak karbonlu çelik malzemeler tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, boji malzemesi için S235, S275 ve S355 malzemeler dikkate alınarak en uygun karbonlu çelik alaşımının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Malzeme seçiminde; emniyet katsayısı maksimizasyonu, birim fiyat minimizasyonu ve kaynak edilebilirlik maksimizasyonu hedef fonksiyonlar olarak dikkate alınarak optimizasyon problemi modellenmiştir. Modelin çözümü için çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden olan TOPSIS ve VIKOR algoritmaları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar birinci derecede en uygun malzemenin S355 çeliği, ikinci derecede en uygun malzemenin ise S275 çeliği olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca S355-S275 kombinasyonu ile gerçekleştirilecek konstrüksiyonun çok daha iyi sonuçlar vereceği belirlenmiştir.
ESTABLISHING A MESH NETWORK WITH BLUETOOTH AND INVESTIGATING THE RANGE ANALYSIS
Authors: TANRIÖVEN Muhammed Hasan , TAŞDELEN Kubilay
Published: March 2020

Bluetooth is an effective technology in short range wireless communications. The standards of Bluetooth have been released by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) and the release of Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) standard aka. Bluetooth Smart was one of the breakthroughs concerning Bluetooth. LE offers efficient ways to overcome problems regarding the efficiency and energy consumption. Adopting LE to the Internet of Things (IoT) standards has made LE a more acknowledged technology in the market. But there were some problems such as the limited range, not having the IP support. IP support has been released by SIG to overcome the IP problems, but the range and the topology problem remained until the mesh standard has been released. In this paper, the essentials of a mesh network will be mentioned along with a base application that has been performed in a three-story warehouse. The supplies in the warehouse were assigned a LE Beacon which is a member of the mesh network and the absence or the presence of the supply has been monitored via the mesh network.
İZOTROPİK MALZEMELERİN SÜNEK KIRILMA GEZENEKLERİNİN TAYİNİ
Authors: AKCAY FUZULI
Published: March 2020

Kırılma mekaniği camiası tarafından genel kabul görmüş bir sünek kırılma kriteri henüz bulunmamaktadır. Literatürdeki çeşitli sünek kırılma kriterlerinin, kalibre edilen parametre sayısı ve modelin doğruluğu göz önünde bulundurularak karşılaştırılması sonucunda Maksimum Kayma Gerilmesi (MSS) kriterinin en avantajlı kriter olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Buna karşın, bu karşılaştırma çalışmalarında yakın zamanda geliştirilmiş Karr-Akçay Enerji Dengesi (KAEB) kriteri göz önünde bulundurulmamıştır. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmada, KAEB kriteri ile MSS kriteri deney sonuçları üzerinden karşılaştırılarak, her iki kriterin üstünlükleri ve eksiklikleri tartışılmıştır. MSS kriterinin yalnızca Lode açısına/parametresine bağlı bir kriter olması temel zayıflıklarından bir tanesidir. Buna karşın, KAEB kriteri gerilme üçeksenliliği ve Lode açısı/parametresi bağlılıklarını özünde içermektedir. Bununla birlikte, her iki kriter de yalnızca bir adet kalibrasyon parametresi hesabını gerektirir. Bu çalışmada, kalibre edilen parametre sayısı ve modelin doğruluğu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, KAEB kriterinin MSS kriterine göre daha avantajlı bir kriter olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
A NEW METHOD FOR THE AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF VENTRICULAR AND ATRIAL PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS
Authors: AKIN Zahide Elif , BİLGİN Süleyman
Published: March 2020

ECG signals used in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases are very important in terms of continuous recording and evaluation during the monitoring of these diseases, determination of appropriate diagnosis and treatment, and observation of possible complications. The most common disturbances among heart diseases are arising from arrhythmias. In this study, it was aimed to detect the cardiac arrhythmias APC and PVC automatically in the computer environment to provide convenience to the physician. In this context, ECG signals were first taken from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database and critical points P, Q, R, S, T on the signals were determined. After then, ANN was used for arrhythmia classification as APC, PVC and NSR. It was determined that the best result among the different ANN constructions was obtained with the MLPNN and the accuracy of the test was determined as 99.78% with 3-fold cross-validation and 99.89% with 10-fold cross-validation.
EVALUATION OF TWO DIFFERENT WOOD TYPES IN TERMS OF DURABILITY AND TREATABILITY
Authors: GÜNEŞ Barış
Published: March 2020

The selection of an appropriate wood type as a structural material mainly depends on the environmental conditions of a region, such as humidity and temperature. Besides, the availability of the material with a reasonable cost is another concern in the selection. In this study, replaceability of “bangkirai” type of wood with “iroko” type of wood is investigated in terms of durability and treatability. The need for this study is aroused from the lack of “bangkirai” wood to satisfy the necessary conditions aforementioned above in the construction of visitor’s platform of Göbeklitepe Roof Canopy Structure. Göbeklitepe, which is known as the world’s first temple, is located in 18 km distance to the city of Şanlıurfa, Turkey. A visitor’s platform is planned to be built on this area in order to present the findings, the archaeological remains and the architecture to the society. The plank flooring material used on various parts of the visitor’s platform of this roof canopy structure is specified as “bangkirai” type of wood in the technical specification of the project. This study aims to reveal if it is convenient and suitable to use “iroko” type of wood instead of “bangkirai” type of wood on the related parts of platform.
Web-Based Consumer Health Education About Back Pain: Findings of Potential Tensions From a Photo-Elicitation and Observational Study
Authors: Setchell Jenny , Turpin Merrill , Costa Nathalia , Hodges Paul
Published: March 2020

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with huge social and economic impact. There is extensive extant literature investigating the efficacy of various management approaches ranging from surgery to psychological interventions to exercise. However, this work has focused almost entirely on efficacy in terms of pain reduction, functional improvement, and psychological changes. This focus has meant that unanticipated social or socio-cultural effects of back pain health care have received little attention.

Objective

This study aimed to scrutinize some of the conceptual tensions inherent in contemporary LBP health care approaches and to highlight their material effects.

Methods

We used a qualitative research design adapted from discourse analysis, which was able to consider key discursive tensions underpinning a LBP website. Data collection involved observing the interaction between adult participants with LBP and the website in the following two ways: (1) observational interview, where participants were observed interacting with the website for the first time and asked to discuss their responses to it as they moved through the website and (2) photo-elicitation, where for a month after their first use of the website, people took photographs of what was happening in their lives when they thought of the website and discussed them in a follow-up interview. We used a postcritical discourse analysis approach to examine data produced from these methods.

Results

Our postcritical discourse analysis identified key discursive tensions, including between living with and reducing LBP, keeping active and resting, and patient choice and giving guidance.

Conclusions

Our analysis suggests ways for considering less dominant perspectives without having to discard the benefits of dominant ones. Although the focus of LBP discourses has changed (less biomedical and less about cure), they still hold on to some of the problematic dominant paradigmatic concepts such as biomedicine and individualism. The tensions we highlight are likely to be highly useful for teaching and implementing LBP care across multiple health care settings.
ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PRUNUS CERASUS (SOUR CHERRY)
Authors: SHETTY NAGENDAR , INDU
Published: March 2020

Objective: Prunus cerasus L. is consumed as a dietary supplement to promoting health benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenol and flavonoids content of sour cherry methanol extract in terms of antioxidant activity.

Methods: The content of polyphenols and flavonoids was quantified. DPPH and FRAP assay were used to evaluate the radical scavenging properties and reducing the antioxidant power of sour cherry fruit.

Results: DPPH scavenging activity was evaluated IC50 10.32±2.23 mg/ml and FRAP was estimated at 205±30 µmol/g.

Conclusion: Sour cherry methanol extract includes various bioactive compounds like polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanidins, which can be valuable beneficial effects to the prevention of various vascular diseases.
IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF DIFFERENT MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS
Authors: KUMARI SWETA , VAISHNAV VIRENDRA
Published: March 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of some plant extracts they are-Curcuma longa, Cinnamomum tamala, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Azadirachta indica, Datura stramonium, Zingiber officinale, Punica granatum and Cinnamomum cassia against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli.

Methods: The evaluation of antibacterial activity for different extracts of each plant was carried out by using the disc diffusion method and by pouring technique to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

Results: In the disc diffusion method the plant extracts showed zone of inhibition ranging 02.0 to 16.0 mm against bacteria and In pouring technique plant extracts showed positive control against pure culture of a bacterium and their efficiency in terms of MICs where ranged from 0.2 gm/ml to 0.8 gm/ml. The extracts of Curcuma longa and Cinnamomum tamala shown high efficiency then other plant extracts in terms of zone of inhibition and also in pouring technique less amount of extracts was inhibited the growth of bacteria.

Conclusion: This study indicates that extracts of these plants have antibacterial activity against bacteria. This report supports their use in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF NATURAL EXTRACTS FROM LEAVES, ROOT, STEM AND FLOWERS OF BACCHARIS LATIFOLIA FROM ECUADOR
Authors: BAYAS-MOREJON FAVIAN , TIGRE ANGELICA , RAMON RIVELINO , YANEZ DANILO
Published: March 2020

Objective: The increase in chronic and degenerative diseases and the use of synthetic antioxidants such as (butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)) are being restricted because they can be considered carcinogenic. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the search for natural antioxidants, especially from plants, due to their content in different bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants and antimicrobials. To evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Baccharislatifolia extracts.

Methods: For the determination of the antimicrobial activity of extracts of leaves, root, stem and flowers of Baccharislatifolia (Bl), the disk plate diffusion method was used, the strains of Listeria, Salmonella and E. coli were studied; antibiotics Penicillin G and Ciprofloxacin were the controls. For the antioxidant activity, a solution of H2O2 (Abs at 230 nm) was prepared in Potassium Phosphate Monobasic-Sodium Hydroxide buffer.

Results: The antimicrobial activity against Listeria and Salmonella, showed that the extracts of leaves and flowers were more effective with inhibition zones>15 mm and>20 mm respectively. In front of E. coli, the extracts of flowers and stem were the best with zones>7.0 mm. Antibiotics studied inhibited the development of Listeria and Salmonella. However, E. coli isolates were resistant. In the antioxidant activity, the flower extract of Bl in 60 mg/ml presents a higher effect with 47.25%.

Conclusion: Bl extracts from leaves and flowers were more efficient both in their antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity.
UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF ACYCLOVIR IN SOLID DOSAGE FORM
Authors: LASURE AKSHATA , ANSARI AFAQUE , KALSHETTI MALLINATH
Published: March 2020

Objective: A new, economical, sensitive, simple, rapid UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of Acyclovir in pure form and pharmaceutical formulation.

Methods: This UV method was developed using distilled water as a solvent. In the present method, the wavelength selected for analysis was 254 nm. UV-Visible double beam spectrophotometer (Systronic 2201) was used to carry out the spectral analysis. The ICH guidelines were used to validate the method.

Results: The method was validated for linearity, range, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD and LOQ. Linearity was found in the range of 5-30µg/ml. Accuracy was performed by using a recovery study. The amount of drug recovered was found to be in the range of 100.1-100.5 %. The % RSD value was found to be less than 2.

Conclusion: The proposed UV spectroscopic method was found to be accurate, precise, stable, linear, specific, and simple for quantitative estimation of acyclovir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Hence the present UV spectroscopic method is suitable for the routine assay of acyclovir in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SEVEN PHENYL HYDRAZINE CHLORO ESTER ISOMERS (PGIs) BY RP-HPLC-UV METHOD IN ANTICOAGULANT DRUG SUBSTANCE; APIXABAN
Authors: RAMANA V. SARADHI VENKATA , K. DURGA RAJA , K. RAGHU BABU , M. PADMA , V. JAGADEESH KUMAR , R. PAVAN KUMAR K. S. , SHARMA HEMANT KUMAR
Published: March 2020

Objective: The objective of this work was to develop and validate a simple and sensitive reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography method for the determination of seven potential genotoxic impurities in Apixaban drug substance.

Methods: The optimized separation was achieved by using ACE 3 C18 PFP (150 mm×4.6 mm, 3 µm) HPLC column. The mobile phase-A was a degassed mixture of 0.01M Ammonium acetate buffer(PH adjusted 4.9±0.05 with diluted glacial acetic acid) and mobile phase-B was a degassed mixture of Acetonitrile, Isopropyl alcohol and Buffer PH 4.9 in the ratio of 60:20:20 v/v/v. The gradient program was operated at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and UV detection was at 330 nm.

Results: The method was superior at linearity for seven impurities and correlation coefficient values were larger than 0.999, moreover, in the separation point of view, this method further achieved no matrix interference through chromatography by better resolution of the other impurities from the Apixaban drug substance and its related impurities for the accurate analysis of seven potential genotoxic impurities. The established limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ) values for the seven mutagenic impurities were each of 5 ppm (0.015µg/ml) and15 ppm (0.045µg/ml) respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and applied as a generic method to determine these seven potential genotoxic impurities for the pharmaceutical process control and drug material release.

Conclusion: Validation of this analytical method was carried out including stability, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, system precision, method precision and intermediate precision thus proving that the described RP-HPLC method could be employed for fast and simple analysis of sevenphenyl hydrazine chloro ester isomers in Apixaban drug substance.
Educational Exchange as a Cold War Weapon: American Influence on Danish Journalists after World War II
Authors: Rasmussen Anders Bo
Published: March 2020

American President Harry S. Truman called the Cold War a “struggle for the minds of men,” and assigned journalists an important role in the conflict. The American administration’s strategy was to influence young people and opinion leaders in countries deemed important during the Cold War in the hope that their views would trickle down to the broader population. This article analyzes transnational flows of people and knowledge between the United States and Denmark after World War II. Through an examination of archival material, the study finds that the U.S. Department of State, via the American Embassy in Copenhagen, consciously attempted to shape Danish journalists’ view of America directly and indirectly. The article finds that American officials were very skilled at picking future opinion and media leaders for educational exchange and thereby provided them with a deeper understanding of U. S. affairs.
DIALEKTIKA ARSITEKTUR DAN PERUBAHAN PERILAKU MASYARAKAT PASCA URBANISASI
Authors: Andisiri La Ode Abdul Rachmad Sabdin , Faslih Arman , Umar Muhammad Zakaria
Published: March 2020

ABSTRAKParadigma ber-arsitektur erat kaitannya dengan perilaku masyarakat sehingga arsitektur dapat digunakan untuk membentuk perilaku manusia melalui rekayasa lingkungan maupun bangunan.. Masuknya arsitektur moderen di Indonesia berakibat pada perubahan perilaku masyarakat tradisional khususnya di wilayah urban olehnya, penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mendokumentasikan faktor - faktor yang menyebabkan peruban perilaku masyarakat pra urban (masyarakat tradisional) pasca urbanisasi di Kota Kendari dalam perspektif kearsitektural, lingkungan dan paradigma filsafat, (2) merumuskan langkah dan tindakan kearsitektural dalam upaya merestorasi nilai - nilai kebudayaan terhadap masyarakat urban. Penelitian ini diselenggarakan di kota Kendari dan berlandaskan pada paradigma post-positivisme yakni metode fenomenologi pendekatan kualitatif dimana aspek – aspek yang dianalisis pedagogi, lingkungan dan perilaku, serta budaya masyarakat kota Kendari dan Sulawesi Tenggara pada umumya sebagai landasan determinisme arsitektur. Penelitian ini menemukan dua temuan yakni (1) uraian deskriptif paradigma filsafat terhadap pendidikan dan konsepsi arsitek dan user mengenai arsitektur yang mengakibatkan perubahan perilaku masyarakat urban, (2) rumusan model kawasan kantong pedestrian dengan fasilitas terpadu berbasis lingkungan dan kearifan lokal sebagai determinisme arsitektur dalam merestorasi nilai – nilai budaya pada masyarakat urban.Kata Kunci:   Dialektika, Arsitektur, Perilaku, Urban  ABSTRACTThe architectural paradigm is closely related to community behavior so that architecture can be used to shape human behavior through environmental and building engineering. The inclusion of modern architecture in Indonesia results in changes in the behavior of traditional communities, especially in urban areas by him. The objetives of this research are (1) to document the factors that cause the behavior of pre-urban (traditional) community behavior after urbanization in Kendari City in the perspective of architecture, environment and philosophical paradigm, (2) formulating architectural steps and actions in an effort to restore cultural values towards urban society. This research was held in the city of Kendari and based on the post-positivism paradigm, a qualitative approach phenomenology method in which aspects analyzed by pedagogy, environment and behavior, as well as the culture of Kendari and Southeast Sulawesi in general as the basis of architectural determinism. This study found two findings, namely (1) descriptive description of the philosophical paradigm of education and architect and user conception of architecture that resulted in changes in urban behavior, (2) formulation of a model of pedestrian enclave with integrated facilities based on the environment and local wisdom as architectural determinism in restoring cultural values in urban society.Keywords: Dialectics, Architecture, Behavior, Urban
Analyses of the surface parameters in polycrystalline diamonds
Authors: Veljkovic Sandra , Mitic Vojislav , Paunovic Vesna , Lazovic Goran , Mohr Markus , Fecht Hans
Published: March 2020

There is a progressing interests for polycrystalline diamonds and they have
been more extensively used recently. This area has been intensively
researched due to the outstanding potential of this material, and this
necessitated presenting some of the latest application related to
engineering in this paper. A better insight of polycrystalline diamonds
properties can be achieved by intensively researching the surface structure.
Samples of nanocrystalline diamonds grown by the chemical vapor deposition
method are analyzed and accordingly, the focus of the research was the
surface parameters and their structure. It is observed that waviness and
texture are unique for any direction, their values are almost the same for
the chosen directions and they vary approximately from -0.2 nm to 0.4 nm.
Analyses of the parameters allowed a more detailed insight into the
morphology of the surfaces of polycrystalline films.
Potential Protection Against Type 2 Diabetes in Obesity Through Lower CD36 Expression and Improved Exocytosis in β-Cells
Authors: Nagao Mototsugu , Esguerra Jonathan L.S. , Asai Akira , Ofori Jones K. , Edlund Anna , Wendt Anna , Sugihara Hitoshi , Wollheim Claes B. , Oikawa Shinichi , Eliasson Lena
Published: March 2020

Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, not all obese individuals develop the disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cause of differential insulin secretion capacity of pancreatic islets from donors with T2D and non-T2D (ND), especially obese donors (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Islets from obese donors with T2D had reduced insulin secretion, decreased β-cell exocytosis, and higher expression of fatty acid translocase CD36. We tested the hypothesis that CD36 is a key molecule in the reduced insulin secretion capacity. Indeed, CD36 overexpression led to decreased insulin secretion, impaired exocytosis, and reduced granule docking. This was accompanied by reduced expression of the exocytotic proteins SNAP25, STXBP1, and VAMP2, likely because CD36 induced downregulation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, suppressed the insulin-signaling phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway, and increased nuclear localization of the transcription factor FoxO1. CD36 antibody treatment of the human β-cell line EndoC-βH1 increased IRS1 and exocytotic protein levels, improved granule docking, and enhanced insulin secretion. Our results demonstrate that β-cells from obese donors with T2D have dysfunctional exocytosis likely due to an abnormal lipid handling represented by differential CD36 expression. Hence, CD36 could be a key molecule to limit β-cell function in T2D associated with obesity.
Effects of Intensive Glycemic Control on Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Different Levels of Cardiovascular Risk and Hemoglobin A1c in the ADVANCE Trial
Authors: Tian Jingyan , Ohkuma Toshiaki , Cooper Mark , Harrap Stephen , Mancia Giuseppe , Poulter Neil , Wang Ji-Guang , Zoungas Sophia , Woodward Mark , Chalmers John
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

To study whether the effects of intensive glycemic control on major vascular outcomes (a composite of major macrovascular and major microvascular events), all-cause mortality, and severe hypoglycemia events differ among participants with different levels of 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at baseline.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied the effects of more intensive glycemic control in 11,071 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), without missing values, in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial, using Cox models.

RESULTS

During 5 years’ follow-up, intensive glycemic control reduced major vascular events (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90 [95% CI 0.83–0.98]), with the major driver being a reduction in the development of macroalbuminuria. There was no evidence of differences in the effect, regardless of baseline ASCVD risk or HbA1c level (P for interaction = 0.29 and 0.94, respectively). Similarly, the beneficial effects of intensive glycemic control on all-cause mortality were not significantly different across baseline ASCVD risk (P = 0.15) or HbA1c levels (P = 0.87). The risks of severe hypoglycemic events were higher in the intensive glycemic control group compared with the standard glycemic control group (HR 1.85 [1.41–2.42]), with no significant heterogeneity across subgroups defined by ASCVD risk or HbA1c at baseline (P = 0.09 and 0.18, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The major benefits for patients with T2D in ADVANCE did not substantially differ across levels of baseline ASCVD risk and HbA1c.
In the North, the East and West Meet. Festschrift for Jens Petter Nielsen
Authors: Oldberg Ingmar
Published: March 2020

Ingmar Oldberg reviews In the North, the East and West Meet. Festschrift for Jens Petter Nielsen, edited by Kari Aga Myklebost and Stian Bones. This book contains 26 articles in Norwegian, English and Russian, starting with a good presentation of Professor Nielsen’s life and career. In keeping with his interests, the well annotated articles cover several themes; the centenary of the Russian revolution, Norwegian-Russian relations since the Middle Ages, especially in the High North, Russian arts, and scientific cooperation. The book is beautifully illustrated.