bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future changes of dry‐wet climate regions and its contributing climatic factors in China based on CMIP6 models
Authors: Kou Yu , Tong Siqin , Mei Li , Bao Yuhai
Published: March 2023

Understanding future dry and wet changes under global climate change is of great regional significance in China. Based on six Global Climate Models (GCM) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), we project the changes of dry‐wet climate regions in China in the 21st century under the three SSP‐RCP (shared socioeconomic pathway‐representative concentration pathway) scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5), and further identify the key climatic factors that lead to the transition of dry‐wet climate regions. The results show the area of humid and subhumid regions in China will show an upward trend in the future, while the area of semiarid and arid regions will show a downward trend. Especially under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario, the area of the subhumid region has the largest increase trend (0.042% per year), and the area of the arid region has the largest decline trend (−0.048% per year). The three main transfer directions of dry‐wet climate regions are from arid to semiarid regions, from semiarid to subhumid regions, and from subhumid to humid regions in the future. Due to the future extensive wetting trend in the north, the future dry‐wet climate regions will shift to wetter types in Tibet, North China, the Qinling‐Huaihe regions and the northeast. In addition, the key climatic factors for the transition of dry‐wet climate regions are mainly precipitation, maximum temperature and solar radiation. The increase of precipitation plays a dominant role for areas projected to change to wetter types, and the increase of potential evapotranspiration (PET) plays a dominant role for areas projected to change to drier types. The PET changes in changed areas of dry‐wet climate regions are mainly dominated by maximum temperature and solar radiation. Our research has important implications for future water resource management and reconsideration of climate mitigation and adaptation policies.
Monitoring Substantia Nigra Degeneration Using Free Water Imaging across Prodromal and Clinical Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Zhou Gaiyan , Ren Jingru , Rong Danyan , Zhou Hao , Ning Houxu , Wang Hui , Pan Chenxi , Wang Yajie , Zhang Ronggui , Guo Zhiying , Huang Peiyu , Liu Weiguo
Published: March 2023

Background

Substantia nigra (SN) free water has been suggested as a good surrogate marker in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its usefulness for diagnosing prodromal PD (pPD) and monitoring disease progression warrants further validation.

Objective

The aim was to investigate SN free water values across prodromal and clinical stages of PD.

Methods

Four groups were enrolled in this study: 48 healthy controls (HC), 43 pPD patients, 50 de novo PD (dnPD) patients, and 49 medicated PD (mPD) patients. Based on diffusion tensor images, free water maps were calculated, and SN free water values were extracted from the anterior SN (ASN) and posterior SN (PSN). The SN free water values were compared among the four groups, and associations between free water and clinical symptoms were explored. The distinguishing power of PSN free water was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Follow‐up was performed for 14 pPD patients.

Results

PSN free water in the pPD group was significantly higher than that in the HC group and significantly lower than that in the dnPD group. Surprisingly, the mPD group showed decreased PSN free water compared to the dnPD group. There was a positive correlation between motor symptoms and PSN free water in the pPD and dnPD groups. Longitudinal analysis showed a significant increase in PSN free water in pPD patients over time.

Conclusions

The PSN free water increased from prodromal to early clinical stages, but the trend might be reversed in late disease stages. This biphasic trend should be considered when applying this marker in future studies. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Strong mind, strong body: The promise of mind–body interventions to address growing mental health needs among youth
Authors: Grasser Lana Ruvolo , Marusak Hilary
Published: March 2023

As the prevalence of childhood and adolescent anxiety, depression, and other mental health concerns continues to rise, there has been an unprecedented increase in support of mind–body practices like yoga, dance, meditation, mindfulness, aerobic exercise, and more—in part driven by the mental health burden imposed by the COVID‐19 pandemic. While a growing body of evidence supports the safety and effectiveness of mind–body approaches, gaps in funding for and empirical research on mechanistic underpinnings, methodology development to assess multicomponent therapeutic practices, dissemination and implementation, and diversity in researchers, practitioners, and recipients remain. As a consequence, the neurobiological impacts of mind–body techniques are not well understood nor broadly accepted as standard forms of care by clinicians and insurers—often being considered as “alternative” rather than “complementary” or “integrative.” In this commentary, we summarize work from our labs and others highlighting the promise of mind–body approaches for improving mental health in youth, in line with the National Institute of Mental Health's strategic plan to address health disparities. We offer a potential framework for implementation and research—the Expressive Therapies Continuum. We also propose solutions to key research and policy gaps, that by could have positive public health impacts for those who are struggling and to prevent emergence of psychiatric illness, especially in developing youth.
Efficacy of modified team‐based learning in a flipped classroom for an acute‐care nursing course: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Murata Hiroaki , Asakawa Shoko , Kawamura Takao , Yamauchi Hideki , Takahashi Osamu , Henker Richard
Published: March 2023

Aim

To test a modified team‐based learning approach on undergraduate learning outcomes in an acute‐care nursing course in Japan.

Design

Mixed‐methods.

Methods

Students worked on three simulated cases, engaged in pre‐class preparation, completed a quiz and engaged in group work. We collected data on team approach, critical‐thinking disposition and time spent in self‐learning at four time‐points: before the intervention and after each simulated case. Data were analysed using a linear mixed model, a Kruskal–Wallis test and a content analysis.

Data sources

We recruited nursing students attending a mandatory course in acute‐care nursing at University A. Data were collected at four time‐points between April and July 2018. Data from 73 of 93 respondents were analysed.

Results

Team approach, critical thinking and self‐learning all increased significantly across the time‐points. Four categories emerged from students' comments: ‘achievement of teamwork’, ‘sense of learning efficacy’, ‘satisfaction with course approach’ and ‘issues related to course approach’. The modified team‐based learning approach led to improvements in team approach and critical‐thinking disposition across the course.

Conclusion

Incorporating team‐based learning into the curriculum not only contributes to team building but is also effective as a teaching method to improve student learning.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

The intervention led to improvements in team approach and critical‐thinking disposition across the course. The educational intervention also led to more time for self‐learning. Future studies should include participants from various universities and evaluate the outcomes over a longer period.
Management, Referral Patterns, and Outcomes in Bell's Palsy: A Single‐Institution 903 Patient Series
Authors: Liu Sara W. , Wright Darrell T. , Abramczyk Emily , Hadford Stephen P. , Genther Dane J. , Byrne Patrick J. , Fritz Michael A. , Ciolek Peter J.
Published: March 2023

Objective

In 2013, the American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) published guidelines for Bell's palsy (BP), including recommendations for workup, management, and specialist referral. Patients with BP often present to primary care; however, adherence to guidelines may vary by setting. This study sought to evaluate the management of patients with BP presenting to primary care, emergency department (ED), and urgent care settings.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care center.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of patients identified by diagnosis code for BP.

Results

A total of 903 patients were included; 687 (76.1%) presented to ED, 87 (9.6%) to internal medicine, 77 (8.5%) to family medicine, and 52 (5.8%) to urgent care. On presentation, 804 (89.0%) patients were prescribed corticosteroids and 592 (65.6%) antiviral therapy. Steroid therapy ranged from 1 dose to greater than a 14‐day course, with 177 (19.6%) receiving an adequate duration of 10 days or greater. Referrals were provided to facial plastics and/or otolaryngology for 51 patients (5.6%). For all comers, 283 (31.3%) had complete resolution, 197 (21.8%) had an incomplete resolution, 62 (6.9%) had persistent palsy, and 361 (40.0%) lost to follow‐up. In assessing the association between clinic setting and management, appropriate corticosteroid therapy (p < .01), imaging (p < .01), and eye care (p < .01) were statistically significant.

Conclusion

Adherence to guidelines for BP management varies amongst providers. In our study cohort, 15.5% of patients received medical therapy in accordance with AAO‐HNS guidelines, and only 5.6% were referred to facial plastics. To facilitate more appropriate care, tertiary care institutions may benefit from system‐wide care pathways to manage acute BP.
Lethal and sublethal effects of broflanilide on four tephritid pests (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Li Xin‐lian , Wu Jiao , Cai Xin‐yan , Li Dou‐dou , Cheng Dai‐feng , Lu Yong‐yue
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Fruit flies are internationally important quarantine or invasive pests of many fruits and vegetables and can cause serious economic losses. Long‐term reliance on insecticides for controlling these pests has led to increasing resistance to multiple insecticides; hence, a new agent is needed. In this study, the acute toxicity and sublethal effects of the novel insecticide broflanilide on four adult fruit fly species, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera tau, and Bactrocera correcta, were evaluated.

RESULTS

Broflanilide was effective against B. dorsalis and B. correcta, with lethal concentration values (amount required to kill 50% of animals; LC50) of 0.390 and 1.716 mg/L. However, for B. cucurbitae (19.673 mg/L) and B. tau (24.373 mg/L), the LC50 was 50–60 times higher than that of B. dorsalis. The survival rates of B. correcta and B. cucurbitae were significantly lower under LC50 treatment than those of the control (corrected for mortality rate). Sublethal concentrations of broflanilide stimulated fecundity in all species except B. tau. The hatching rate at LC50 was significantly lower for B. correcta and B. tau compared with the control and even more so for B. correcta, which was zero.

CONCLUSION

Broflanilide is potentially an effective insecticide for controlling B. dorsalis and B. correcta. However, the variation in toxicity of broflanilide to the four fruit flies suggests that species variation needs to be carefully considered. Our results highlight the importance of clarifying the sublethal effects of insecticides on target insects to ensure the comprehensive evaluation and rational use of insecticides. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rapid on‐site detection of persistent organic pollutants using multiwalled carbon nanotube–modified paper spray ionization and a miniature mass spectrometer
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Li Junfang , Bai Hua , Ma Qiang
Published: March 2023

Rationale

Rapid on‐site detection of persistent organic pollutants (POP) is highly desirable for environmental protection.

Methods

Herein, a rapid on‐site analytical workflow was developed for the investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds using multiwalled carbon nanotube–modified paper spray ionization (PSI) coupled with a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. Critical parameters regarding PSI and miniature mass spectrometry analysis were optimized.

Results

The analytical performance of the developed method was evaluated under optimized conditions, obtaining a short analysis duration of less than 1 min, sufficient linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99, acceptable recovery rates of 93.1%–105.8% with relative standard deviations of between 3.5% and 10.3%, and reasonable sensitivity with limits of detection and quantitation of 2–200 and 5–500 μg/L, respectively.

Conclusions

Considering these aspects, it was concluded that the present approach demonstrated a promising solution for rapid on‐site detection of emerging POPs.
“It hurts to do work like that”: The nature and frequency of culturally based ethical barriers for Indigenous people in STEMM
Authors: Castagno Angelina E. , Camplain Ricky , Ingram Jani C. , Blackhorse Davona
Published: March 2023

This article presents data from a survey of over 400 Indigenous students and professionals in STEMM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics, medicine) fields to answer the questions: What are the perceived ethical/cultural/spiritual conflicts Indigenous students and professionals in STEMM face? Is there an association between the cultural characteristics of Indigenous students and professionals and the ethical, cultural, and spiritual conflicts they face? Our findings indicate that many standard practices in STEMM fields do indeed conflict with taboos in various Indigenous communities and that these conflicts are more prevalent for people with higher cultural characteristics scores and for those in specific STEMM disciplines. Our research provides an empirical complement to the rich and growing body of literature on Indigenous science, epistemologies, and traditional ecological knowledge.
Exploration of Biological Properties and Antibacterial Action against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of (LLKK)3‐Derived Peptides
Authors: Zheng Peng , Li Rongyu , Li Fangkai , Wang Ruonan , Qian Senhe
Published: March 2023

In an attempt to develop new antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with better biological properties, three AMPs of (LLKK)3 analogues were designed and synthesized. The antibacterial activity, cell toxicity and pepsin stability of the three AMPs were determined, and the antibacterial action of the candidate AMP was analyzed. The results showed that the G(LLKK)3L AMP had the stronger antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) compared to the other AMPs. The hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of the G(LLKK)3L and G(LLKK)3 AMPs were lower than those of (LLKK)3 and (LLKK)3L AMPs, and the pepsin resistance activity of the G(LLKK)3L AMP was higher than that of the other AMPs. Under the treatment of G(LLKK)3L AMP, the cell morphology of the E. coli and S. aureus was irregular and wrinkled, their cell membrane was damaged, and the synthesis of their cell wall peptidoglycan was inhibited. Additionally, the G(LLKK)3L AMP resulted in a decrease of protein expression and inhibition of DNA synthesis. In summary, the G(LLKK)3L AMP exhibited better biological properties, and it can be used as a therapeutic agent against E. coli and S. aureus.
Hsa_circ_0003528 promotes cell malignant transformation and immune escape via increasing oncogene PDL1 through sponging miR‐511‐3p in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Guihua , Deng Liyong , Gong Kuiyu , Zhou Peng , Peng Luogen , Li Chang
Published: March 2023

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important regulatory roles in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At present, we aimed to explore the regulatory role of has_circ_0003528 (circ_0003528) in NSCLC.

Methods

Alterations of circ_0003528 expression in NSCLC samples and cell lines were detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Impacts of circ_0003528 on NSCLC cell malignant transformation were analyzed by 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, transwell invasion, and tube formation assays. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related markers were detected with western blotting. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines were detected by Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The regulation mechanism of circ_0003528 was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA pull‐down assays. The tumorigenesis role of circ_0003528 was verified by animal experiments.

Results

Higher levels of circ_0003528 were obtained in NSCLC samples and cell lines, and patients with high circ_0003528 expression had a worse prognosis. Silence of circ_0003528 decreased xenograft growth in mouse models and induced cell apoptosis and repressed cell viability, proliferation, invasion, EMT, angiogenesis, and immune escape in NSCLC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, circ_0003528 controlled programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) expression through interaction with miR‐511‐3p. The inhibiting impacts of circ_0003528 knockdown on NSCLC cell malignant transformation and immune escape were weakened after miR‐511‐3p silencing. Moreover, PDL1 overexpression partially counteracted miR‐511‐3p upregulation‐mediated suppression on NSCLC cell malignant transformation and immune escape.

Conclusions

Circ_0003528 facilitated NSCLC cell malignant transformation and immune escape through regulation of the miR‐511‐3p/PDL1 axis, highlighting the oncogenic role of circ_0003528 in NSCLC.
Synergetic effects of pyrrhotite and biochar on simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate in autotrophic denitrification system
Authors: Zhang Hao , Sun Min , Tian Jing , Zhu Xiaoqing , Cheng Yunan
Published: March 2023

In the trend of upgrading wastewater treatment plants, developing advanced treatment technologies for more efficient nutrient removal is crucial. This study prepared a pyrrhotite‐biochar composite (FexSy@BC) to investigate its potential for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate under autotrophic denitrification conditions. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the novel composite of FexSy@BC, which exhibited 9.2 mg N/(L·d) NO3−‐N reduction rate, 97.3% N2 production, and 81.8 mmol N/(kg·d) NO3−‐N material load with small solid/liquid ratio (0.008). The NO3−‐N removal with FexSy@BC was 1.2–2.2 times higher than that with pure iron sulfides or biochar or their mixtures, whereas the Δn(S)/Δn(N) of FexSy@BC was the lowest (1.80). Moreover, the PO43−‐P reduction rate of FexSy@BC reached 3.23 mg P/(L·d), as high as that of pure pyrite or pyrrhotite. Thiobacillus was the most dominant denitrifying bacterium. FexSy@BC exhibited great promise for enhancing nutrient removal from secondary effluent without additional carbon source.

Practitioner Points

FexSy@BC enhanced nitrate and phosphate removal simultaneously.

First‐order kinetics and Monod model were fitted for denitrification with FexSy@BC.

FexSy@BC had smaller molar ratio of sulfate release to nitrate removal.

Thiobacillus was the dominant bacterium in FexSy@BC autotrophic denitrification.

Synergistic effects on nutrients removal existed between biochar and pyrrhotite.
Lifelong Learning, the European Union, and the Social Inclusion of Young Adults: Rethinking Policy
Authors: Holford John
Published: March 2023

This chapter outlines the development of lifelong learning policy for adults since the early 1990s in the political, economic and social context of the European Union’s development. It explains the origins, approach, methods and organisation of the research project (Encouraging Lifelong Learning for an Inclusive and Vibrant Europe: ‘Enliven’) on which the book’s chapters are based. It introduces the project’s key theoretical approaches (bounded agency, policy trails). It outlines why developing an Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) formed part of the research, what this involved (including issues arising when social and computer scientists collaborate) and what researchers learnt from its development about the potential role of Artificial Intelligence in the policy process. The chapter also sets out the structure of the book.
Tutorial 2: OpenPhase Examples
Authors: Steinbach Ingo , Salama Hesham
Published: March 2023

For the purpose of numerically exploring different microstructure evolution processes, the phase-field approach has been developed. Large domains and adequate models that combine many physical fields in statistically relevant volume elements are needed to describe these complicated processes accurately. In order to facilitate such development for multi-physics simulations, OpenPhase was developed for application in material science and engineering. This chapter presents two examples simulated using the OpenPhase software, grain growth and dendritic solidification. The corresponding input files for OpenPhase are listed and explained. Also, some hints for postprocessing are given.
Wormholes from heavy operator statistics in AdS/CFT
Authors: Sasieta Martin
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We construct higher dimensional Euclidean AdS wormhole solutions that reproduce the statistical description of the correlation functions of an ensemble of heavy CFT operators. We consider an operator which effectively backreacts on the geometry in the form of a thin shell of dust particles. Assuming dynamical chaos in the form of the ETH ansatz, we demonstrate that the semiclassical path integral provides an effective statistical description of the microscopic features of the thin shell operator in the CFT. The Euclidean wormhole solutions provide microcanonical saddlepoint contributions to the cumulants of the correlation functions over the ensemble of operators. We finally elaborate on the role of these wormholes in the context of non-perturbative violations of bulk global symmetries in AdS/CFT.
High-level soccer players have a low rate of return to performance after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Sjövall Anari Sofie , Olsson Alexander , Öhlin Axel , Desai Neel , Senorski Eric Hamrin , Sansone Mikael , Lindman Ida
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a known cause of impaired sports performance in athletes and the relationship between FAIS and soccer players has previously been described. Hip arthroscopy is a viable treatment option that can facilitate athletes’ return to sport (RTS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the RTS and return to performance (RTP) with objective measurements in high-level soccer players after hip arthroscopy for FAIS.

Method

Soccer players, with a hip sports activity scale (HSAS) level of 7 or 8 before symptom onset and undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAIS between 2011 and 2019 were identified in the Gothenburg hip arthroscopic registry. A total of 83 high-level soccer players, with a mean age of 23.9 (SD 4.4) years at surgery, were included. To verify the activity level and further stratify players as elite or sub-elite, player statistics were collected from soccer-specific scout webpages and the Swedish national soccer association. The return to sport was defined as return to one game of soccer. Return to performance was defined as playing at the same level, or higher, and participating in at least 80% of the number of games played the season before symptom onset or the season before surgery either the first or second season after hip arthroscopy.

Results

In total, 71 (85.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 76.1–92.3%) of the players returned to sport the first or second season after surgery. Compared to the season before symptom onset, 31 (37.3%, 95% CI 27.0–48.7%) players returned to performance the first or second season after surgery, and 32 (38.6%, 95% CI 28.1–49.9%) players returned to performance the first or second season after surgery compared to the season before surgery.

Conclusion

A high rate of elite and sub-elite soccer players return to soccer after hip arthroscopy for FAIS. However, less than half of the players RTP when evaluating performance through level of play and number of games played.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
Effectiveness of virtual reality-based programs as vestibular rehabilitative therapy in peripheral vestibular dysfunction: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hazzaa Nagwa Mohamed , Manzour Ayat Farouk , Yahia Eman , Mohamed Galal Eman
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To study the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) interventional programs as a vestibular rehabilitative method for patients with uncompensated peripheral vestibular disorders.

Methods

The databases PubMed, Google scholar, Embase and Cochrane Library were used (up to July 2021). Studies selected in this study were controlled trials in which virtual reality was used as vestibular rehabilitative therapy in comparison to any other vestibular rehabilitative methods or medical or dietary recommendations. Comparison was made in at least one of these outcomes measures; Subjective measures such as Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Vertigo Symptom Scale—Short Form questionnaire, Activities-specific Balance Confidence questionnaire, Dizziness Analogue Scale or Visual Analogue Scale, besides objective measures as posturography. Six articles were included in the meta-analysis; tested for heterogeneity of the estimates using chi-squared and I2 tests, outcomes were expressed as mean difference and 95% CI. Estimates from included studies were pooled using the random-effect model.

Results

virtual reality as a vestibular rehabilitative intervention was able to improve scores of Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Vertigo Symptom Scale—Short Form questionnaire, Visual Analogue sale and posturography as outcome measures of vestibular rehabilitation.

Conclusion

virtual reality has a potential clinical benefit for vestibular rehabilitation in peripheral vestibular dysfunction compared with conventional vestibular rehabilitation methods. However, further research is needed to document the exact parameters of an optimal protocol for virtual reality rehabilitation, the period needed for effective rehabilitation and its side effects.
Under recognition and treatment of lymphedema in head and neck cancer survivors – a database study
Authors: Stubblefield Michael D. , Weycker Derek
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Head and neck cancer (HNC) will be diagnosed in approximately 54,000 Americans in 2022 with more than 11,000 dying as a result. The treatment of HNC often involves aggressive multimodal therapy including surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy. HNC and its treatments are associated with multiple painful and function-limiting neuromusculoskeletal and visceral long-term and late effects. Among these is head and neck lymphedema (HNL), the abnormal accumulation of protein rich fluid, in as many as 90% of survivors. Though HNL is common and potentially contributory to other function-limiting issues in this population, it is notoriously understudied, underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. This study seeks to determine the incidence of HNC-related lymphedema diagnosis and treatment in a large US healthcare claims repository database.

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort design and data from an integrated US healthcare claims repository—the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (CCAE) and Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits (MDCR) Databases spanning the period April 1, 2012 through March 31, 2020.

Results

Of the 16,654 HNC patients eligible for evaluation, 1,082 (6.5%) with a diagnosis of lymphedema were identified based on eligibility criteria. Of the 521 HNC patients evaluated for lymphedema treatment, 417 (80.0%) patients received 1.5 courses of MLD, 71 (13.6%) patients were prescribed compression garments, and 45 (8.6%) patients received an advanced pneumatic compression device.

Conclusion

HNL in this population of HNC survivors was underdiagnosed and treated compared with contemporary assessments HNL incidence.
MAQA: a quantum framework for supervised learning
Authors: Macaluso Antonio , Klusch Matthias , Lodi Stefano , Sartori Claudio
Published: March 2023

Quantum machine learning has the potential to improve traditional machine learning methods and overcome some of the main limitations imposed by the classical computing paradigm. However, the practical advantages of using quantum resources to solve pattern recognition tasks are still to be demonstrated. This work proposes a universal, efficient framework that can reproduce the output of a plethora of classical supervised machine learning algorithms exploiting quantum computation’s advantages. The proposed framework is namedMultiple Aggregator Quantum Algorithm(MAQA) due to its capability to combine multiple and diverse functions to solve typical supervised learning problems. In its general formulation, MAQA can be potentially adopted as the quantum counterpart of all those models falling into the scheme of aggregation of multiple functions, such as ensemble algorithms and neural networks. From a computational point of view, the proposed framework allows generating an exponentially large number of different transformations of the input at the cost of increasing the depth of the corresponding quantum circuit linearly. Thus, MAQA produces a model with substantial descriptive power to broaden the horizon of possible applications of quantum machine learning with a computational advantage over classical methods. As a second meaningful addition, we discuss the adoption of the proposed framework as hybrid quantum–classical and fault-tolerant quantum algorithm.
Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident
Authors: Wang Bin , Heng Liping , Sui Qian , Peng Zheng , Xiao Xuezhi , Zheng Minghui , Hu Jianxin , Fiedler Heidelore , Barceló Damià , Yu Gang
Published: March 2023

The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Coffee Samples by DI-SPME-GC/MS
Authors: Aresta Antonella Maria , Zambonin Carlo
Published: March 2023

Roasting is a crucial and essential step to produce quality coffee. However, it could lead to the formation of toxic and suspected carcinogenic or procancerogenic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this work, a simple and easily automatable green procedure based on solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography for the analysis of acenaphthene, anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, and pyrene, in dark roasted and decaffeinated commercial coffees, was developed. The method was optimized for the determination of the analytes both in solid samples, such as ground coffee or coffee grounds, and liquids, such as espresso coffee, using a polyacrylate-coated fused silica fiber (85 μm) by direct immersion. The performance of the analytical method, developed in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, and recoveries, proved to be suitable for the applications. Among the 9 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons investigated in the selected coffees, chrysene and pyrene were the most representative congeners with values ranging from undetectable to 95.6 ± 11 ng/g for chrysene and from undetectable to 404.7 ± 42.0 ng/g for pyrene. Benzo[a]pyrene was detected in two samples of dark roasted coffee which therefore had the highest toxicity/carcinogenicity in terms of toxic equivalent. The estimated limit of detection for benzo[a]pyrene in ground coffee and coffee grounds was 9.0 ng/g. About 30% of the PAHs were transferred to the infusion while the remaining part was retained by the coffee grounds.
Superlubricity induced by partially oxidized black phosphorus on engineering steel
Authors: Gao Kai , Jiao Jianguo , Wang Zheng , Xie Guoxin , Luo Jianbin
Published: March 2023

Macroscale superlubricity has attracted increasing attention owing to its high significance in engineering and economics. We report the superlubricity of engineering materials by the addition of partially oxidized black phosphorus (oBP) in an oleic acid (OA) oil environment. The phosphorus oxides produced by active oxidation exhibit lower friction and quick deposition performance compared to BP particles. The H-bond (-COOH⋯O-P, or -COOH⋯O=P) formed between P-O bond (or P=O) and OA molecule could benefit the lubricating state and decrease the possibility of direct contact between rough peaks. The analysis of the worn surface indicates that a three-layer tribofilm consisting of amorphous carbon, BP crystal, and phosphorus oxide forms during the friction, which replaces the shear interface from the steel/steel to carbon—oBP/carbon—oBP layer and enables macroscale superlubricity.
Introduction to Environmental Data Science
Authors: Hsieh William W.
Published: March 2023

Statistical and machine learning methods have many applications in the environmental sciences, including prediction and data analysis in meteorology, hydrology and oceanography; pattern recognition for satellite images from remote sensing; management of agriculture and forests; assessment of climate change; and much more. With rapid advances in machine learning in the last decade, this book provides an urgently needed, comprehensive guide to machine learning and statistics for students and researchers interested in environmental data science. It includes intuitive explanations covering the relevant background mathematics, with examples drawn from the environmental sciences. A broad range of topics is covered, including correlation, regression, classification, clustering, neural networks, random forests, boosting, kernel methods, evolutionary algorithms and deep learning, as well as the recent merging of machine learning and physics. End‑of‑chapter exercises allow readers to develop their problem-solving skills, and online datasets allow readers to practise analysis of real data.
The Role of Article 11 TFEU in the Greening of the ECB’s Monetary Policy
Authors: Calliess Christian , Tuncel Ebru
Published: March 2023

The European Green Deal and the European Climate Law highlight the EU’s commitment to strive for carbon neutrality. Considering the magnitude of the global challenge, it is evident that a green transition will not succeed without the efforts of every sector, including financial institutions. Concerns have been raised that central banks may, in fact, contribute to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions and, in consequence, aggravate global warming. This all has currently resulted in a rapid expansion of the debate on the potential role of central banks, and in particular the ECB, to consider climate objectives. In the European context, however, it is often argued that environmental sustainability lies outside the ECB’s traditional core mandate to focus on price stability. This article aims to introduce the environmental integration principle, laid down in Article 11 TFEU, in the ECB’s legal framework, and provide an analysis of the possibilities for and limitations to the greening of the ECB's monetary policy based on this provision. Although Article 11 TFEU has great potential with regards to the greening of sectoral policies, in legal literature, the provision has not gained enough academic attention in terms of the financial sector.
Frequency-tuned surfaces for passive control of wall-bounded turbulent flow – a resolvent analysis study
Authors: Jafari Azadeh , McKeon Beverley J. , Arjomandi Maziar
Published: March 2023

The potential of frequency-tuned surfaces as a passive control strategy for reducing drag in wall-bounded turbulent flows is investigated using resolvent analysis. These surfaces are considered to have geometries with impedances that permit transpiration and/or slip at the wall in response to wall pressure and/or shear and are tuned to target the dynamically important structures of wall turbulence. It is shown that wall impedance can suppress the modes resembling the near-wall cycle and the very-large-scale motions and the Reynolds stress contribution of these modes. Suppression of the near-wall cycle requires a more reactive impedance. In addition to these dynamically important modes, the effect of wall impedance across the spectral space is analysed by considering varying mode speeds and wavelengths. It is shown that the materials designed for suppression of the near-wall modes lead to gain reduction over a wide range across the spectral space. Furthermore, a wall with only shear-driven impedance is found to suppress turbulent structures over a wider range in spectral space, leading to an overall turbulent drag reduction. Most importantly, the present analysis shows that the drag-reducing impedance is non-unique and the control performance is not sensitive to variations of the surface impedance within a favourable range. This implies that specific frequency bandwidths can be targeted with periodic material design.
The Electoral Connection in Court: How Sentencing Responds to Voter Preferences
Authors: Boston Joshua , Silveira Bernardo S.
Published: March 2023

Do elected judges tailor criminal sentences to the electorate’s ideology? Utilizing sentencing data from North Carolina’s Superior Courts—which transitioned from statewide to local elections in 1996—we study whether judges are obliging to voters’ preferences. We find some evidence of responsiveness: judges from liberal districts were more lenient, while those from moderately conservative districts assigned harsher sentences. Judges from increasingly conservative districts did not change their sentencing patterns, which leads to lower re-election rates. These findings suggest that judges adapt their behavior to retain office, or else they are held accountable by the public.
The streamline aeroplane
Authors: Melvill Jones B.
Published: March 2023

Ever since I first began to study Aeronautics I have been annoyed by the vast gap which has existed between the power actually expended on mechanical flight and the power ultimately necessary for flight in a correctly shaped aeroplane. Every year, during my summer holiday, this annoyance is aggravated by contemplating the effortless flight of the sea birds and the correlated phenomenon of the beauty and grace of their forms.
Third level operations in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ambrose M. A.
Published: March 2023

Throughout the aviation industry the term ‘third level operation’ has many different definitions, ranging from ‘an operator whose aircraft have 12 seats or less’, the definition used in the Edwards Report, to the more general interpretation used in the United States, where the concept is normally that of either a small regional air carrier, operator of feeder liner services, or commuter services.
The role of advancing technology in the future of air transport
Authors: Wilkinson K. G.
Published: March 2023

Subsonic jet transport has been with us now for about a quarter of a century. There are young people starting their careers today who have never known a sky without jet noise and the V-wing silhouette of a passenger carrying aircraft. Indeed, it must seem to them as permanent a feature of our world as the steam train between the world wars was to people such as myself; the big difference is, as I hope to show, that air transport has not yet reached a development plateau.

Aviation has always been a dynamic industry, with a rapidly expanding technology and opportunity which has now taken it beyond the atmosphere, into space and onto the planets. The spectacular steps have not been taken in the first place for the benefit of commercial transport operations—although there have often been consequential advantages. Advances were pursued because they were thought necessary for the maintenance of effective armed forces and the provision of efficient weapons.
Operational aspects of mandatory occurrence reporting
Authors: Chadwell J. A.
Published: March 2023

I think I need say nothing more today about why we have a Mandatory Occurrence Reporting system; we have it and it has been working for well over a year. It has had the inevitable teething troubles, and we still have a long way to go before we get the level of reporting right and get the right balance in the frequency and quantity of information we re-publish. Nevertheless we can see many of the aims of the system being achieved or within sight of achievement. What has not changed significantly from the previous voluntary reporting system is the proportion—the very small proportion—of reports which reveal human error, especially reports by people who have themselves made errors. Human nature being what it is, there is a little less reluctance to report other people's errors!
A view of the future—constraints and opportunities
Authors: Kayten Gerald G.
Published: March 2023

The primary effects of aviation on society are cited fairly regularly by both the aviation community and its critics. Papers already presented at this conference and others have reviewed the direct benefits to commerce, economic development, and world trade, and the unfavourable aspects of energy usage and environmental disruption.

There are also some secondary effects which in the long term may prove even more significant. The characteristic influences of improved transportation systems in general are magnified in the case of air transportation because of its greater scope and pace. The growth of a major transportation system eventually transforms almost every facet of society—the distribution of population within and among countries, the evolution of cities, the development of remote areas, the birth of new industries, the advent of multi-national corporations, the location and structure of governments, the interchange of social philosophies, and even the spread of disease. Increased mobility has accelerated the civil rights movements and the pressures for independence throughout the world. The full schedules of sporting events made possible by air transportation create an outlet for national rivalries on a relatively peaceful basis.
Civil transport aviation—progress and promise
Authors: Steiner J. E.
Published: March 2023

During the incredibly brief period of the last 20 years, a revolution has taken place in air transportation. The magnitude and rapidity of change, and its worldwide impact, are probably unprecedented in history. The earth has shrunk so that no two points are much more than a day apart. World travel has become commonplace, bringing with it sociological changes of immense potential magnitude.

Today we are standing on the threshold of an era of even greater growth in our industry and its contribution to the world.

It is the purpose of this discussion to review progress and promise in the total air transportation system from the standpoint of passengers and freight, geography, technology, economics, regulation, airlines, and manufacturers. I would like to do this in three parts: (i) progress, (ii) uncertainties, and (iii) promise.
The future of rotorcraft in aviation
Authors: Jones J. P.
Published: March 2023

I have for several years past been a strong proponent of the helicopter—by which I mean an aircraft in which the means of lift, propulsion and manoeuvre are all combined in one system, the rotor.

It always seemed to me that, despite its ungainly appearance, there was a lot more to come if the benefits of new materials and new aerodynamics could be properly taken. I was reinforced in this view by the appearance of almost all the devices from compound helicopters through convertible aircraft to fan lift VTOL types with delta wings, which were supposed to outdo the helicopter. Of them all only one even looks like an aeroplane.

But that there are limits to the helicopter is undeniable and I now find myself in the position where I can see, or believe I can see, almost the whole extent of helicopter improvement. So what, if anything, is to follow has become a frequent question. Will the new helicopter be such, given the peculiar nature of the tasks which it must perform, that nothing better is wanted, particularly by society which has for years wilted under the pressures of aeronautical progress?
Power utilisation in electronic loads
Authors: Bainbridge A.
Published: March 2023

Most civil and military aircraft developed over the past 10 to 15 years have relied upon increasingly complex avionic systems. Some units in this category have been developed to improve the presentation of information to the crew or to decrease their workloads; others have come to play a vital role in automatic flight control (such as fly-by-wire), so that it may not be possible to fly the aircraft without them (and indeed, in the case of ccv the aircraft may even be unstable without them); others again have been developed to give the crew better communication with each other and the outside world, and more detailed information from the radar system and its display. Figure 1 lists a breakdown of systems in a typical modern military aircraft in each of these categories: information and display, control, communications and radar.
Finite difference solutions of compressible viscous fluid flows over pitching bluff bodies
Authors: Leech C. M. , Chan D.
Published: March 2023

Box-shaped containers when carried by cable harness from helicopters are known to have complicated motions, in many degrees of freedom and with varying degrees of stability. The resulting motions are caused by the complex aerodynamics of, for example, unsteady movements of the containers. These motions create, and are in turn sustained by, complex aerodynamic flows and forces.

Steady forward motion of the container results in separation bubbles initiating from the container leading edges. Sometimes the separating stream surfaces will re-attach to the container surface at some station downstream from the leading edges. In other cases, no reattachment occurs and the container is considered to be in the ‘wake’ of the forward facing surface.

Unsteadiness in the fluid motion, when induced most importantly, for example, by the pitching of the container, can significantly alter the criteria governing the formation of the separating stream surface and its re-attachment.