bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte Organization Affects the Translation of Clearance from In Vitro to In Vivo
Authors: Dutta Lopamudra , Krishnan Preethi , Smith Andrew , Kennedy Ryan , Ropella Glen , Hunt C. Anthony
Published: March 2020

An improved understanding of in vivo ⇔ in vitro changes is crucial in identifying and mitigating factors contributing to in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) inaccuracies in predicting the hepatic clearance of substances. We argue that a model mechanism-based virtual culture (vCulture) ⇔ virtual mouse (vMouse) (or vRat or vHuman) experiment approach can identify factors contributing to IVIVE disconnects. Doing so depends on having evidence that six Translational Requirements have been achieved. We cite evidence that the first four have been achieved. The fifth Requirement is that differences in measures of vCompound disposition between vCulture and vMouse are attributable solely to the micro-architectural, physiomimetic features, and uncertainties built into the vLiver and vMouse but are absent from the vCulture. The objective of this work is to first improve on a vCulture architecture used previously and then use results of virtual experiments to verify that its use enables the fifth Translational Requirement to be achieved. We employ two different idealized vCompounds, which map to highly permeable real compounds at the extreme ends of the intrinsic clearance spectrum. Virtual intrinsic clearance = Exposure rate per vHPC. At quasi-steady state, results for vCompound-1 are independent of the dosing rate. The average per-vHPC Exposure rates (taken over the whole vLiver in vMouse experiments) are the same (within the variance of the Experiments) as those in vCulture. However, they are location dependent within the vLiver. For vCompound-2, there are dosing rate differences and average per-vHPC Exposure rates within the vLiver are also location dependent. When we account for dosing rate differences, we see again that average per-vHPC Exposure rates averaged over the whole vLiver in vMouse experiments are the same as those in vCulture. Thus, the differences in per vHPC Exposure rate within the vLiver for both vCompounds are attributable solely to the micro-architectural and physiomimetic features built into the vLiver and vMouse but are absent from the vCulture. The results verify that the fifth Translational Requirement has been achieved.
ASPECT, an LDA-Based Predictive Algorithm for In Vitro Selection
Authors: Wang Puzhou
Published: March 2020

In vitro selection enables the identification of functional DNA or RNA sequences (i.e., active sequences) out of entirely or partially random pools. Various computational tools have been developed for the analysis of sequencing data from selection experiments. However, most of these tools rely on structure-function relationship that is usually unknown for de novo selection experiments. This largely restricts the applications of these algorithms. In this paper, an active sequence predictor based on Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), ASPECT (Active Sequence PrEdiCTor), is proposed. ASPECT is independent of a priori knowledge on the structures of active sequences. Experimental results showed that ASPECT is effective.
Cuidados en el ámbito comunitario: análisis de teorías de enfermería aplicadas a la atención primaria
Authors:   Universidad de Guayaquil, Lozano Domínguez Milka María
Published: March 2020

Siendo la atención primaria base de la pirámide de atención de salud, su importancia como eslabón clave para promover en las comunidades bienestar físico, mental, emocional y permitir así que los individuos, familias y grupos gocen de un adecuado estándar de salud. Al conocer la problemática de salud a nivel epidemiológico a nivel comunitario, observamos alta incidencia de personas con alteraciones crónicas de salud. Este grupo debe mantener un régimen terapéutico que permita alcanzar objetivos de calidad de vida y prevención de complicaciones. También dentro de los objetivos del plan nacional de salud, está el goce de salud y prevención de complicaciones a la díada madre e hijo en las diferentes etapas desde la gestación hasta los primeros años de vida del niño.
Immobilized enzymatic biocatalysts and their application for destruction of organophosphorus compounds in water, soil and air systems
Authors: Maslova Olga , Efremenko Elena , Lyagin Il'ya , Sen'ko Ol'ga , Aslanli Aslanli
Published: March 2020

Undecomposed residues of organophosphorus compounds (OPC) after treatment with pesticides of plants or animals often fall into natural objects (water, soil and air). Modern approaches to the immobilization of enzymes allowing obtaining of stable biological products are described, as well as the possible using of immobilized enzymes for the decomposition of different OPC: paraoxone, methyl and ethyl paraoxone, coumaphos, parathion, methyl and ethyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, soman, VX, methylphosphonic acid and its isobutyl and diisobutyl ethers, diisopropyl fluorophosphate.
Enzyme-based nanocomplexes and their construction for detoxification of organophosphorus compounds
Authors: Efremenko Elena , Lyagin Il'ya , Aslanli Aslanli
Published: March 2020

Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) pose a serious threat, as they can have a neurotoxic effect on the human body, even death. In this regard, the main challenge of our times is the search for effective ways of degradation of OPC. In this case, preference is given to biological methods of OPC detoxification, which do not require the use of harsh chemical methods of degradation and are suitable for in vivo use. One of such methods is the use of biocatalysts — enzymes capable of hydrolyzing OPC. To stabilize the activity of enzymes, as well as leveling a possible immune response from the body when used in vivo, various modification methods are used, such as nanocapsulation, the formation of enzymepolyelectrolyte complexes, immobilization of the enzyme on various functionalized carriers, etc. The chapter contains the information on examples of such biocatalysts, discussion of their advantages and disadvantages.
Pelayanan Informasi Kreatif pada Daya Tarik Wisata Alam Lembah Harau, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota
Authors: Putra Trisna , Waryono Waryono , Surenda Rian
Published: March 2020

Signage and destination map is one important information services provided by tourism destination management. Harau Valley is one of the potential tourism destinations in West Sumatra, however it provides less information service to its visitors. To meet the needs of the information services in Harau Valley, a program is held by having a method of community development practice. The approaches being used is participative and educative toward tourism care groups (kelompok sadar wisata). Through the program, the groups are able to make signage and destination maps. The signage was created by the group by using unused material. The outcome of the program shows success with the indications of the high enthusiasm of participants. Based on the finding the enthusiast of the participant is increased as the aspect of cognitive 90%, aspect affective 85%, and conative 95%.
A szociális munka válsága a lakhatási válság szemszögéből
Authors: Török Zsófia Sára , Mihály Bulcsú
Published: March 2020

Írásunk célja vitaindító módon reflektálni a szociális munka válságára, a szociális munka mint fogalom, módszer kiüresedett használatára, az elméleti és a gyakorlati közeg távolságára és a mindennapi munka eszköztelenségére.

Véleményünket és tapasztalatainkat két jelentős összeggel támogatott, a lakhatási szegénység csökkentését célzó programon keresztül szemléltetjük, melyekben kiemelt programelem a szociális munka.
El contador público como unidad generadora de valor agregado en la organización: su participación en la fijación y control de las políticas de higiene, seguridad y salud ocupacional
Authors: Romano Pastor Juan Pablo
Published: March 2020

El campo profesional del Contador Públi- co en la actualidad dista mucho de ser el de mero “tenedor de libros” o “liquidador de impuestos”. Las nuevas disciplinas organizacionales y los bruscos cambios en el ambiente empresarial requieren un profesional con una visión integral de los entes en los que se desenvuelve, no reducida al plano económico/financiero. En este sentido, la Higiene, Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional se configura como punto de acción de gran importancia en las organizaciones actuales y no pueden dejar de ser consideradas por el Contador.
Producción académica sobre educación contable en Colombia 2000-2009: incidencia de la pedagogía crítica
Authors: Loaiza Robles Fabiola
Published: March 2020

El artículo expone los resultados de la investigación realizada con el fin de caracterizar la incidencia de la pedagogía crítica en la producción académica de educación contable en Colombia, proyecto que se inscribe en la corriente de investigación interpretativa. La pedagogía crítica entrega posibilidades de apertura para una educación contable diferente en la cual hay un amplio camino en construcción, de tal manera, que este texto se convierte en una invitación para pensarnos y movilizarnos en el campo de la pedagogía crítica.
Formación para la investigación contable. Una interpretación de las intencionalidades y las metódicas desde la mirada de los profesores
Authors: Héctor José Sarmiento Ramírez Sandra Milena Muñoz López Gustavo Alberto Ruiz Rojas
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo parte de una breve caracterización de la educación contable en Colombia y, en ésta, el papel de la investigación, su evolución y las estrategias comunes para enseñarla. Posteriormente, el trabajo analiza las didácticas utilizadas para la enseñanza de la investigación en programas de contaduría pública de Medellín, concretamente en lo relacionado con las intencionalidades formativas y las metódicas utilizadas para alcanzar tales ideales formativos, cuya interpretación se realizó a la luz de categorías ancladas en la didáctica crítico constructiva de Wolfgang Klafki, una mirada de la didáctica en sentido amplio, es decir, aquella que no sólo se preocupa por el ideal de sujeto a formar, sino, además, por la metódica que permite esa formación.
La incertidumbre y la subjetividad en la toma de decisiones: una revisión desde la lógica difusa
Authors: Castiblanco Ruiz Fabián Alberto
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este artículo, es presentar, de manera introductoria, aspectos existentes que permiten relacionar la lógica difusa con la toma de decisiones. Se inicia con una breve explicación de los elementos básicos, en un proceso de toma de decisiones, enfatizando en el ambiente de incertidumbre y en los aspectos subjetivos presentes en el mismo. Posteriormente, se realiza un acercamiento a la lógica difusa a través de algunos ejemplos, herramientas, conceptos generales y relaciones existentes con la incertidumbre y con la subjetividad, en general. Finalmente, se presenta un ejemplo y un listado de obras y trabajos realizados en torno a la toma de decisiones desde esta nueva lógica.
El sistema contable en perspectiva Sistema-Entorno
Authors: Betancur Héctor Darío
Published: March 2020

Las problemáticas sociales, ambientales y económico-financieras actuales, que giran en torno a lo contable, demandan de nuevas categorías con las cuales se observen. Es probable que las categorías fundadas en el pasado, han perdido la capacidad de observación de la realidad; de un lado porque la dinámica contextual no va a la par con la conceptual, reproduciendo un desfase entre sus conceptos y el mundo concreto, y de otro lado, porque lo contextual particular viene adherido al poder hegemónico-financiero y su fuerte influencia en lo contable.El concepto de sistema contable como una categoría fundamental de la cual hace uso la contabilidad, necesita de ser observado de manera diferente. Los siguientes apuntes se presentan en tres momentos, pero inicialmente hace un acercamiento a la teoría de la regulación, porque en ella el sistema contable ha definido sus formas. La tesis. El presente trabajo inicia la reflexión desde la corriente regulativa ortodoxa, en donde se inscriben los estudios preliminares sobre sistema contable y sus definiciones. La antítesis. En un segundo aparte, se quiere poner en evidencia como en todas las investigaciones precedentes se da cuenta del sistema contable en la perspectiva todo-parte con sentido determinístico, que han terminado por reducirlo a objeto material. La síntesis. En el tercer y último momento, se hace una aproximación de carácter propositiva sobre la estructura del sistema contable en la perspectiva sistema/entorno, una unidad no causal, que reproduce por sí misma la coordinación de lo diferente.
Valor agregado en el sector de ensamble de vehículos en Colombia
Authors: Rivera Godoy Jorge Alberto , Padilla Ospina Ana Milena
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se evalúa el desempeño financiero del sector de ensamble de vehículos en Colombia durante el pe-ríodo 2008-2013, mediante un análisis de indicadores financieros y de gestión del valor. Los resultados, muestran que este sector ha generado valor de mercado agregado en este período, a pesar, de que en tres años destruyó valor. Esto obedece, principalmente, al comportamiento de la rentabilidad de activos netos operacionales, impulsada por la eficacia en el control de costos y gastos y por la eficiencia en el uso de los activos netos operacionales. Es de-seable ampliar esta investigación para el sector autopartes y automotriz.
Principio de reserva de ley en Colombia a partir del análisis de tributos municipales. caso municipios de Caldas
Authors: Restrepo Lizcano Jhon Jairo , Gómez Montoya Luis Fernando
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo analiza el principio de reserva de ley en Colombia desde los tributos territoriales; este principio exige que los tributos puedan darse sólo con la existencia de una ley que lo determine. Para tal fin, se estudiaron los estatutos de renta de los municipios del departamento de Caldas, remitidos por ellos, en respuesta a derecho de petición entre abril y mayo de 2015 y se determinó el cumplimiento de este principio en cada uno de los tributos decretados a esta fecha; este era el objetivo. Se abordan temas como la tributación en Colombia, el principio de reserva de ley y el principio de legalidad, la potestad tributaria, acciones a emprender por parte de los contribuyentes frente a la existencia de tributos sin respaldo legal, se relacionan los tributos cobrados y que no están respaldados por una ley. Entre los principales resultados, se encuentra que algunos municipios cobran tributos que no están respaldados por una ley, por lo que se puede determinar, que estos tributos no cumplen con el principio de reserva de ley.
Influence of Genetic Background and Sex on Gene Expression in the Mouse (Mus musculus) Tail in a Model of Intervertebral Disc Injury
Authors: Brent Julie M , Tian Zuozhen , Shofer Frances S , Martin John T , Yao Lutian , Acharte Christian , Chen Youhai H , Qin Ling , Enomoto-Iwamoto Motomi , Zhang Yejia
Published: March 2020

To facilitate rational experimental design and fulfill the NIH requirement of including sex as a biologic variable, we examined the influences of genetic background and sex on responses to intervertebral disc (IVD) injury in the mouse tail. The goal of this study was to compare gene
expression and histologic changes in response to a tail IVD injury (needle puncture) in male and female mice on the DBA and C57BL/6 (B6) backgrounds. We hypothesized that extracellular matrix gene expression in response to IVD injury differs between mice of different genetic backgrounds and
sex. Consistent changes were detected in gene expression and histologic features after IVD injury in mice on both genetic backgrounds and sexes. In particular, expression of col1a1 and adam8 was higher in the injured IVD of DBA mice than B6 mice. Conversely, col2a1 expression
was higher in B6 mice than DBA mice. Sex-associated differences were significant only in B6 mice, in which col2a1 expression was greater in male mice than in female. Histologic differences in response to injury were not apparent between DBA and B6 mice or between males and females.
In conclusion, mouse tail IVD showed sex- and strain-related changes in gene expression and histology after needle puncture. The magnitude of change in gene expression differed with regard to genetic background and, to a lesser degree, sex.
Investigation of Various Intramuscular Volumes Delivered to the Semimembranosus Muscle of Cavia porcellus
Authors: Bencivenga Michael A , Bowling Philip A , Fiallos Jimmy O , Gehling Alicia M , Stafford Robert G , Long Simon Y , Fetterer David P , Bocan Thomas M , Hofer Christian C
Published: March 2020

The goal of this study is to provide quantitative data on the ideal volume for intramuscular (IM) injections into the semimembranosus muscle of guinea pigs weighing between 320 to 410 grams. This evaluation comprised 2 experiments. The first was to assess dispersion leakage of intramuscularly
injected iohexol, a radiocontrast agent commonly used in Computed Tomography (CT), based on analysis of in vivo imaging. The second used varying volumes of intramuscularly injected sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) to assess pain and pathology associated with IM injection. Hartley guinea pigs were
injected IM with varying volumes of either iohexol or sodium chloride (150, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 μL). In the iohexol experiment, results suggest IM volumes of 150 and 300 μL remain within the target muscle. In the experiment using sodium chloride, pain and pathology did not increase
as IM volume increased. The pathology noted was related to needle tract through the musculature rather than the volume size of the injectate. The results did not reveal a correlation between volume of IM 0.9% NaCl and pain levels. We conclude that volume size correlates more with precision
and accuracy of delivery into the intended muscle tissue. Regarding tissue distribution, our findings also suggest that the optimal capacity for IM injection in the semimembranosus muscle should be less than 500 μL.
Оценка и стандартизация пробиотических культур для продуктов функционального назначения
Authors: Сухих А. , Захарова Ю. , Южалин А. , Быков А. , Котова Т. , Позняковский В.
Published: March 2020

Возрастающий объем потребления пробиотиков и продуктов функционального питания определяет необходимость определения критериев стандартизации культур и их экзометаболитов, применяемых при производстве продуктов функциональной направленности. Дана сравнительная характеристика микробиологических свойств пробиотических штаммов рода Bifidobacterium, описан жирнокислотный состав клеточной стенки, проведено физико-химическое исследование продуцируемых ими экзополимеров. В условиях гель-проникающей хроматографии изучено молекулярно-массовое распределение образцов экзометаболитов, выделенных из питательной среды, после культивирования бифидобактерий. Сопоставлены спектральные характеристики продуцируемых метаболитов и их хроматографических фракций. Гидрофобность определяется разным содержанием в мембране ненасыщенных бактерий и разветвленных жирных кислот. Только у высокогидрофобных бифидобактерий обнаружена изопентадекановая (isoC15:0) и метил-тетрадекановая (13Me-C14:0) кислоты. При средней гидрофобности установлено высокое содержание изопальмитиновой (isoС16:0) и стеариновой (С18:0) кислот. Низкогидрофобные штаммы характеризуются низким содержанием мононенасыщенных жирных кислот.
Оценка генетической активности лекарственных веществ, применяемых в противоопухолевой терапии, на примере Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Антосюк О. , Горская А.
Published: March 2020

Оценена генетическая активность ряда лекарственных препаратов в концентрации 400 мкг/кг среды, а именно аспирина, метотрексата, лактамида и этопозида. Обнаружен положительный эффект в отношении жизнеспособности и плодовитости особей Drosophila melanogaster, подвергшихся воздействию аспирина в данной концентрации, а также в отношении летальности потомства F1 на поздней эмбриональной стадии. Выдвинуто предположение о возможном проявлении генетической активности этопозида при увеличении концентрации препарата.
CONDITIONS OF KAME FORMATION NEAR VILLAGE OF MASHIV (VOLHYNIAN POLISSIA)
Authors: Renda Andrii
Published: March 2020

Kames located in the Volhynian Polissya remain the most widespread and the least studied type of relict glacial landform. The article is focused on the specific conditions of kames creation within the peripheral parts of the Volhynian Polissya glacial bed elevation and their significant role in the formation of fissure net in the zones of deadened ice compression inherited from the stages of their inactivity. These compression zones were predetermined by the general planned configuration of the glacial bed landform climaxes.
The presented reservoir is located to the north of the village of Mashiv and belongs to a complex of similar glacial accumulations crowed at the culmination of pre-glacial relief and placed at a considerable distance from the marginal formations of the maximum stage of the Dnieper glaciation. The morphological and geological structure of the form is analyzed to explain the conditions of its formation. It is revealed that its structure is dominated by fine-grained sediments; textural and structural features of them allow distinguishing two lithofacial complexes. The basis of the form is loamy sandy and sandy lake-ice deposits covered by a complex of fine-medium-grained sandy fluvioglacial sediments.
The morphology of the form, its correlation with the elements of buried pre-glacial relief and the textural peculiarities of the described section deposits, allow to state that the accumulation of the material occurred within a semi-flowing or stagnant during certain periods basin filled with sediments of a small convey water-glacial outcasts; they were accumulated by activity of low energy melt water flows within the peripheral part of the ice glade. The glade was formed on the fracture zone line of the inactive (dead) ice, laid above the glacial bed landform climaxes.
The textural and structural features of the form give reason to identify it as kame.
Key words: Volhynian Polissia, deglaciation, kames, sedimentation, lithofacies analysis, glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial sediments.
AUTOMATED ECOLOGICAL TERRAIN MORPHOLOGY CLASSIFICATION OF STRETCH OF UPPER DNISTER RIVER VALLEY
Authors: Mkrtchian Alexander
Published: March 2020

Modern technological developments can induce substantial changes not only in research methods, but also in theoretical concepts and approaches in Earth sciences. Recent developments in the technologies of remote sensing, GIS data processing and mapping now make possible to more directly consider ecologically relevant properties in the process of spatial units delineation. The concept of morphotop has been proposed by author meaning spatial units mapped taking into account ecologically relevant properties of terrain. It is different from the commonly used concept of natural complex in that ecological and not genetic criteria are at the base of spatial units differentiation.
The ecological approach for terrain morphology classification has been applied for the 4.5 to 2 km study area located at the upper part of Dnister river valley. The 10 m spatial resolution DEM was obtained for the study area by the interpolation of digitized topographic map layers with ANUDEM algorithm. Three groups of ecologically meaningful factors of landscape differentiation have been taken into account: 1) solar radiation redistribution; 2) water and soil moisture redistribution; 3) erosion potential of terrain. For each of these, the appropriate index was proposed and derived from DEM by the respective formula. The method of iterative cluster analysis with ISODATA algorithm has been applied to these variables complemented with absolute elevation. This method distinguishes a predefined number of classes by revealing the natural groupings of data in attribute space. Arbitrary presetting the number of classes allows to classify data with the different levels of detail and to analyze the changes in classification output as a function of classification scale and detalization.
The study area has been successively classified into 12 and 8 classes, with 100 algorithm iteration in each case. Each class has been given a descriptive characteristic; an average values of certain terrain morphometric parameters for each class were also calculated and given in a table. The map of the distribution of the distinguished classes was produced.
Key words: terrain morphology, unsupervised classification, morphotop, ecological geomorphology.
Inquiry-based Learning: Forschendes Lernen im Unterricht
Authors: Borchers Conrad , Ferdinand Joseph , Fischer Christian
Published: March 2020

Inquiry-based learning, auch „forschendes Lernen“ genannt, stellt klassische didaktische Unterrichtskonzepte auf den Kopf. Das Vorwissen und insbesondere die Neugier der Lernenden bestimmen den Lernprozess, wobei der Prozess zwischen der Fragestellung und der Schlussfolgerung im Mittelpunkt steht.
Gravitationskraft im Unterricht verändern: PhET macht es möglich
Authors: Philipp Jana , Ferdinand Joseph , Fischer Christian
Published: March 2020

Ein Gewicht von 170 Gramm hängt an einer Feder und bewegt sich leicht auf und ab, die Oszillationsspanne beträgt 70 Zentimeter. Aber was würde passieren, wenn wir uns nun auf dem Mond befänden? Ein Klick - und die Feder schwingt schwächer auf und ab. Die Oszillationsspanne beträgt nun nur noch 12 Zentimeter. Faszinierend, was für einen Einfluss die unterschiedliche Gravitationskraft hat. Auf einer Exkursion zum Mond könnte man so einiges lernen. Allerdings muss man dazu nicht auf den Mond fliegen, es reicht eine Simulationsumgebung, in der physikalische Gesetze und Regeln sichtbar werden. Oft hilft das Sehen dem Verstehen.
Syllable is a synchronization mechanism that makes human speech possible
Authors: Xu Yi
Published: March 2020

Speech is a highly skilled motor activity that shares a core problem with other motor skills: how to reduce the massive degrees of freedom (DOF) to the extent that the central nervous control and learning of complex motor movements become possible. It is hypothesized in this paper that a key solution to the DOF problem is to eliminate most of the temporal degrees of freedom by synchronizing concurrent movements, and that this is done in speech through the syllable—a mechanism that synchronizes consonantal, vocalic and laryngeal gestures. Under this hypothesis, gestures are articulatory movements toward underlying targets; the onsets and offsets of the gestures are synchronized at the syllable edges, although more so at syllable onset than at the offset; and the realization of the synchronization is facilitated by sensorimotor feedback, especially tactile feedback, during consonant closures. This synchronization theory of the syllable also offers a comprehensive account of coarticulation, as it explicates how various coarticulation-related phenomena, including coarticulation resistance, locus, locus equation, diphone etc., are byproducts of syllable formation. It also provides a theoretical basis for understanding how suprasegmental events such as tone, intonation, phonation, etc. are aligned to segmental events in speech. It may also have implications for understanding vocal learning, speech disorders and motor control in general.
Algorithmic content moderation: Technical and political challenges in the automation of platform governance
Authors: Gorwa Robert , Binns Reuben , Katzenbach Christian
Published: March 2020

As government pressure on major technology companies builds, both firms and legislators are searching for technical solutions to difficult platform governance puzzles such as hate speech and misinformation. Automated hash-matching and predictive machine learning tools – what we define here as algorithmic moderation systems – are increasingly being deployed to conduct content moderation at scale by major platforms for user-generated content such as Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. This article provides an accessible technical primer on how algorithmic moderation works; examines some of the existing automated tools used by major platforms to handle copyright infringement, terrorism and toxic speech; and identifies key political and ethical issues for these systems as the reliance on them grows. Recent events suggest that algorithmic moderation has become necessary to manage growing public expectations for increased platform responsibility, safety and security on the global stage; however, as we demonstrate, these systems remain opaque, unaccountable and poorly understood. Despite the potential promise of algorithms or ‘AI’, we show that even ‘well optimized’ moderation systems could exacerbate, rather than relieve, many existing problems with content policy as enacted by platforms for three main reasons: automated moderation threatens to (a) further increase opacity, making a famously non-transparent set of practices even more difficult to understand or audit, (b) further complicate outstand- ing issues of fairness and justice in large-scale sociotechnical systems and (c) re-obscure the fundamentally political nature of speech decisions being executed at scale.
Socio-demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis at a Tertiary Care Centre in Nepal
Authors: Pathak Rahul , Sherpa Tshering Wangdi , Jha Anurag , Hamal Rabin , Thapallya Sabin
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) has gradually increased in Asia over the last few decades. However, there is a paucity of data regarding UC in Nepal. This study analyzed the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with UC.

Methods: This is a hospital based, cross-sectional study. Data was collected among 100 individuals admitted to the hospital with UC from June 2016 to May 2018. A descriptive analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics was done.

Results: Of the 100 patients 51 were male (M:F ratio 1.04:1). Average age at diagnosis was 38}12.53 years. 55% of the patients were Brahmins, 16% Kshetris, 8% Newars, 1% Muslim while the remaining 20% belonged to other indigenous ethnic groups. 79% of the patients were newly diagnosed cases while remaining 21% were admitted for acute flares of the disease. Rectal bleeding (85%) was the most common symptom followed by diarrhea (70%), tenesmus (63%), urgency (61%), pain abdomen (44%), weight loss (14%), fever (7%) and constipation (4%). Clinically, 41% had mild, 46% had moderate and 12% had severe disease activity. Extra intestinal manifestations were seen only in 12% of the patients. On colonoscopic examination, 41% had proctitis, 46% had left sided colitis and 13% had extensive colitis.

Conclusion: Our study showed some differences in the demographic variables as well as clinical manifestations in the patients when compared to data from the west and even other Asian countries like India and China. Larger population-based studies are needed to better understand the epidemiology and characteristics of the disease in Nepal.
Organophosphorous poisoning complicated with intermediate syndrome- A case report
Authors: Asraf Hussain , Ansari P. , Adhikari K. , Bista S. , Khirhari J.
Published: March 2020

Organophosphorous poisoning is a very common poisoning. Intermediate syndrome with respiratory failure is a highly fatal complication. We report a case of 20 year old male who developed intermediate syndrome despite adequate atropinisation . Early clinical recognition of the syndrome and institution of mechanical ventilation along with ongoing atropine therapy was instrumental in saving the patient’s life. Patient was discharged on day 10 after successful treatment.
A Case Report on Scalp edema in a case of HSP in a young adult
Authors: Thapaliya S. , Nepal M. , Nepal B. , Pathak R.
Published: March 2020

Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is a systemic small vessel vasculitis which most commonly affects children. HSP is characterized by non-thrombocytopenic palpable purpura, arthritis or arthalgia, gastrointestinal and renal involvement. Scalp edema is uncommon in children over 3 years. Early recognition, especially outside of the typical age group, with appropriate management can reduce morbidity and organ damage. We present a case of a young adult with HSP who
Rekreasyonel Faaliyet Olarak Fiziksel Aktivitelerin Otizmli Çocuklarda Sosyal İletişime Yönelik Etkileri
Authors: AKSOY Yener
Published: March 2020

Bu araştırma, rekreasyonel faaliyet olarak fiziksel aktivitenin otizm spektrum bozukluğu özelliği gösteren çocuklar üzerindeki sosyal etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mevcut araştırmanın örneklemini 2019-2020 yılları içerisinde ilinde Samsun Engelliler ve Dezavantajlılar Biriminde kayıtlı olan otizmli çocukların ebeveynleri ve rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde eğitim alan otizmli çocukların aileleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise benzer gelişimsel düzeyde oldukları tıbbi raporlarda ifade edilen ve araştırmada kullanılan ölçeği cevaplamaya gönüllü 100 otizmli çocuğun ebeveyni oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Avcıoğlu (2007) tarafından geliştirilen “Sosyal Becerileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda rekreasyonel faaliyet olarak fiziksel aktiviteye katılan otizmli çocuklarla sportif faaliyetlere katılmayan otizmli çocukların sosyalleşmeleri arasında farklılıklar bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre fiziksel aktiviteye katılan otizmli çocukların spor yapmayan otizmli çocuklardan daha fazla sosyalleşme göstermektedir. Araştırmada sporun otizmli çocukların sosyalleşmelerinde farklılık oluşturduğu hipotezinin doğrulandığı görülmektedir. Fiziksel aktivite yapma durumu incelendiğinde tüm alt boyutlarda fiziksel aktiviteye katılanların lehine anlamlı fark olduğu görülmektedir (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak rekreasyonel faaliyet olarak fiziksel aktivitelere katılan ve fiziksel aktivitelere katılmayan otizmli çocukların sosyalleşme düzeylerini karşılaştırmalı olarak inceleyen bu çalışmada; fiziksel aktivitelerin sosyalleşme, temel sosyal beceri, temel iletişim becerisi, grupla iş yapma becerisi ve kendini kontrol edebilme becerileri açısından olumlu yönde etki ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
在环境保护中环境监测的重要性研究
Authors: 丁 晨辉 , 项 彬
Published: March 2020

环境保护是为了使人类的居住环境更加舒适和美好,并促进经济和社会的可持续发展,包括为解决一些现有问题和潜在的环境威胁而采取的所有行动。本文简要分析了环境监测在环境保护中的重要作用,并主要分析了如何加强环境监测措施。
基于生态安全格局的国土空间布局研究
Authors: 郑 阳
Published: March 2020

本文针对基于生态安全格局的国土空间布局研究,结合实际案例,在简要阐释生态安全格局概念内涵的基础上,分析了基于生态安全格局的城乡空间形态,最后提出了基于生态安全格局的国土空间布局的构建思路。研究结果表明,立足生态安全格局是国土空间布局的关键,也是实现建设用地合理划分及使用的主要依据,值得高度重视。
环境监测质量控制与质量管理概论
Authors: 吴 群
Published: March 2020

环境监测目的在于通过分析关于环境质量的各项评定指标,并且根据实际的监测指标来判断当下的环境污染情况及环境保护工作质量。同时还可以通过环境监测来了解环境的各个阶段的实际情况,并将所获得准确信息和数据上报给环境保护部门。另外环境监测还可以为解决环境污染问题提供重要的科学依据。因此为了保障环境监测质量,本文阐述了环境监测质量控制与质量管理工作的必要性及其主要作用,对环境监测质量控制与质量管理的策略进行了探讨分析。
污染场地环境调查现场采样技术现状及改进
Authors: 赖 统墅
Published: March 2020

在社会经济的快速发展中,我国城市化建设日益推进,很多大型企业在不断搬迁,搬迁后的场地出现了一系列环境污染问题,严重威胁着周边区域居民的身体健康,相关部门做好污染场地环境调查工作,充分开发并利用各项资源,尤其要做好污染识别、初步调查和场地特征调查工作,深入分析污染场地环境调查现场采样技术现状,并对其进行优化,有效地改善环境污染问题,文章主要对污染场地环境调查现场采样技术现状及改进进行了分析。
PENGARUH SOSIAL DEMOGRAFI TERHADAP JUMLAH ANAK YANG DIINGINKAN DI NTB
Authors: Handayani Baiq Nining , Nasirin Chairun
Published: March 2020

Sekitar 46 persen wanita usia subur di Nusa Tenggara Barat menginginkan anak lebih dari 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sosial demografi terhadap jumlah anak yang diinginkan. Data yang digunakan adalah Survey Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2017 dengan unit analisis Wanita Usia Subur yang sudah menikah usia 15-49 tahun. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode regresi logistik biner. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel sosial demografi (tingkat pendidikan, daerah tempat tinggal, status bekerja dan –pereference jenis kelamin) secara statistik signifikan mempengaruhi jumlah anak yang diinginkan.
МОВА ДРУКОВАНИХ ЗМІ УКРАЇНИ (У РОЗРІЗІ УКРАЇНСЬКА/РОСІЙСЬКА МОВИ ВИДАННЯ)
Authors: Haladzhun Z.
Published: March 2020

The article investigates the language situation in Ukraine over a period of 2009–2019 in terms of the language of periodic and continued printed publications. The article singles out chief problems in the investigation of the language of printed media and traces back the dynamics of the number of publications in the context of the Ukrainian/Russian language.

The difficulty of the research consisted in various methods of calculation used by the relevant government institutions, such as the National Book Chamber of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Association of Press Publishers, the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Committee, and, respectively, in the data published by them as well as in the fact that in order to perform a more objective analysis it would be essential to have the data of not such an out-dated (2001) All-Ukrainian population census according to the ethnic background and mother tongue criteria.

Investigating the language situation in the printed media, it can be claimed that, above all, it is closely related to the language situation in the state, that is: predominance of the Ukrainian language in the Western Ukraine, transition to the bilingualism in the Centre and diglossic bilingualism in the East of the state. The majority of publications are published in the Ukrainian (state) language –
 42–52,5%. The Russian language takes the second place with 16–21%. The lion’s share of the whole press is issued in the Ukrainian and Russian languages (Ukrainian/Russian/both Ukrainian and Russian) – 70–85%, which shows certain bilingualism of the society but with the predominance of the state language – Ukrainian. This is evidenced by the polling data and may point to the fact that the lingual national identity has already been formed when it comes to the Ukrainian language as the only state language as well as the desire to obtain the better half of the information from the mass media in the Ukrainian language.
Key words: printed media, language of publication, press, language situation, bilingualism, diglossia.
СТРУКТУРНО-ТИПОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕХОДУ ДРУКОВАНИХ ВИДАНЬ ДОНЕЧЧИНИ В МЕРЕЖУ
Authors: Beschetnikova S. , Raliuk Yu.
Published: March 2020

In the course of the study, the theoretical foundations of the work were specified using a descriptive method. The monitoring method was used to capture and perform an initial analysis of the data obtained from the sites and printed versions of the newspaper’s, as well as to collect the material required to disclose the topic of the material. The method of comparison allowed us to establish the similarity and difference between indicators and definitions. The traditional methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the structural method, have been used to summarize and systematize the data obtained.

At this point in the scientific discourse on the theme of the digital transformation of newspapers critical lacks conceptual works. We can assume that this is due to the changing trends of digital development, which make it difficult to develop a common vision and common understanding of theoretical approaches to the problem.

We have identified and confirmed the following trends:

– reducing the frequency of certain print media (the publication is becoming weekly)

– reduction in the number of newspapers;

– readership of publications is diverse, but remains unchanged (information, advertising and general political prevail editions)

– creation of special online versions to support traditional print media (integration of traditional media with the Internet)

– advantages of the sites over the printed version;

– active introduction of the use of social networks in the activities of the media of Donetsk region.

It was found that the example of successful application of the strategy «print-first» (first on paper) are the newspapers «Priazovskiy rabochiy» and «Sobytiya». While the newspaper «Znamya industrii» differs with the transition to the model «convergent-first» (initially convergence).

The article discusses the structural and typological changes in the print media of the Donetsk region during the transition to the network and identifies the development trends of print media on the network from 2012 to 2019.Media transform more and more under the influence of time, so regional print media require popularization, transformation and integration of web spaces to meet the needs of the audience.

Key words: online edition; online media; network media; informational portal; print mass-media; print site; social media; social network.
Convocatoria y Suscripción
Authors: Global Revista Derecho
Published: March 2020

Se convoca a participar mediante trabajos originales e inéditos y que no estén postulando en otras revistas u órganos editoriales l la Revista Derecho Global. Estudios Sobre Derecho y Justicia. Es una publicación en formato rustico y electrónico cuatrimestral, de la División de Estudios Jurídicos del Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de la Universidad de Guadalajara con números de registro internacional ISSN 2448-5128 e ISSNE 2448-5136 se edita el primer día de marzo, julio y noviembre. 

Los trabajos deberán ser resultado de la investigación ya sea local, Estatal, Nacional o Internacional en el ámbito del Derecho, de la Justicia y de las ciencias sociales afines a éstas.
Psihološki kapital, smislenost posla, zadovoljstvo poslom i dobrobit kod nastavnika u privatnim i državnim školama
Authors: Smrtić Natalija , Rijavec Majda
Published: March 2020

Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati postoje li razlike u zadovoljstvu poslom, smislenosti posla, psihološkom kapitalu i dobrobiti kod nastavnika u privatnim i državnim školama. Nadalje, cilj je bio ispitati
u kojoj mjeri zadovoljstvo poslom, smislenost posla i psihološki kapital doprinose dobrobiti zaposlenika u privatnim i državnim školama.Sudjelovalo je 152 nastavnika iz državnih te 100 nastavnika iz privatnih škola u Zagrebu. Kao mjerni instrumenti korišteni su skala smislenosti posla, upitnik psihološkog kapitala, skala zadovoljstva životom i skala psihološkog procvata. Globalno zadovoljstvo poslom mjereno je jednom česticom. Rezultati su pokazali da nema razlike između
nastavnika u državnim i privatnim škola ni u jednoj ispitivanoj varijabli. Zadovoljstvo poslom pokazalo se kao značajan prediktor životnog zadovoljstva, dok se smislenost posla pokazala kao značajan prediktor psihološkog procvata. Psihološki kapital pozitivno doprinosi i
zadovoljstvu životom i psihološkom procvatu. Rezultati istraživanja daju teorijski doprinos razumijevanju faktora dobrobiti nastavnika u državnim i privatnim školama, a mogu doprinijeti i osmišljavanju intervencija za stvaranje pozitivnog okruženja koje tu dobrobit poboljšava.
Govorništvo – potreba u
hrvatskomu odgojno-obrazovnomu sustavu
Authors: Sunara-Jozek Danijela
Published: March 2020

Razvoj tehnologije, s jedne strane, primorava ljude da više komuniciraju, a opet s druge strane ovisnost o računalima i društvenim mrežama ljude fizički udaljava, što mijenja komunikacijske obrasce. Tim su promjenama najviše podložni mladi. Svjedoci smo sve lošijega jezičnoga izražavanja naših osnovnoškolaca pri čemu su teškoće vidljive i
u pisanomu i u usmenomu izražavanju (čitanju i govorenju). Cilj je ovoga rada istaknuti razliku između jezične i komunikacijske kompetencije, ukazati na značenje govorništva kao discipline u antičkom razdoblju i danas te prikazati istraživanje o usmenomu izražavanju osnovnoškolaca u Hrvatskoj koje je anketno provedeno pomoću obrasca Google Drive. U anketi je sudjelovalo 438 učitelja osnovnih škola. Cilj istraživanja bio je pokazati da je u 21. stoljeću izuzetno važno uvođenje govorništva u osnovnoškolski odgojno-obrazovni sustav jer su rezultati ankete potvrdili prvu hipotezu da je usmeno izražavanje naših osnovnoškolaca osrednje.

Govorništvo je disciplina koja nikako nije zastarjela. U doba globalizacije, prožimanja kultura, migracija (fizičkih ili onih posredstvom različitih tehnologijskih dostignuća) te razvoja medija ona je sve više potrebna. Sve je češća praksa da se govorničke vještine usavršavaju tek kada pojedinac osjeti da mu je to nužno potrebno ili se one uopće ne usavršavaju, pa smo svjedoci mnogobrojnih govorničkih (ne)uspjeha.
Utječu li izvannastavne
sportske aktivnosti na razvoj motoričkih vještina učenika primarnog
obrazovanja?
Authors: Tomac Zvonimir
Published: March 2020

Izvannastavne aktivnosti u osnovnoj školi organiziraju se u svrhu zadovoljenja različitih potreba i interesa učenika i provode se u sedam različitih područja kojima pripada i tjelesno i zdravstveno područje. Izvanškolske sportske aktivnosti realiziraju se izvan škole, obično u sportskim klubovima. Njihov je cilj dodatni utjecaj na razvoj antropoloških obilježja učenika te stjecanje novih teorijskih i praktičnih znanja iz izborne aktivnosti (Caput Jogunica i Barić, 2015). Cilj provedenog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utječu li dodatne izvannastavne sportske aktivnosti na razvoj motoričkih vještina djece u razrednoj nastavi. Na uzorku od 55 učenika i učenica 3. i 4. razreda primarnog obrazovanja, koji je podijeljen na dva subuzorka s obzirom na uključenost u sportske programe, primijenjen je mjerni instrument Bruininks-Oseretsky testa (2. izdanje), skraćena inačica, kojim su se procjenjivale motoričke vještine učenika. Rezultati su pokazali kako u većini varijabli nema značajnih razlika između skupina sudionika, ali učenici koji nisu uključeni u dodatne izvannastavne i izvanškolske sportske aktivnosti postižu bolje rezultate u jednoj manipulativnoj vještini (vođenje lopte; Z=2,68, p=0,01) te dvije grube motoričke vještine (sklekovi; Z=281, p=0,00; podizanje trupa Z 2,06, p=0,04).
La justicia transacional y la construcción de paz : reflexiones en torno a su garantía en el postconflicto colombiano.
Authors: Caro Benítez Melisa José
Published: March 2020

El derecho humano a la paz se presenta como derecho reconocido desde el derecho internacional, y su materialización genera la realización de una vida plena. En Colombia disponemos, para su alcance, de un dispositivo que es la justicia transicional. En este artículo indagamos en torno a la suficiencia de este mecanismo, teniendo en cuenta las circunstancias particulares de nuestro contexto social y político, por una parte, y por la otra sobre la perspectiva nacional, jurisprudencial y constitucional por alcanzar el derecho humano a la paz y la construcción de paz en el posconflicto colombiano.
HEMATOLOGICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF OCCUPATIONALLY AND INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONED DISEASES IN MEDICAL WORKERS
Authors: Karamova L. M. , Vlasova Natalya V. , Gizatullina L. G. , Masyagutova L. M.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Medical workers in the process of labor are exposed to a complex of adverse factors: neuro-emotional, physical stress of a chemical, physical and biological nature. A long stay in a hospital environment with medical workers can lead to the formation of various diseases of microbiological etiology or the carriage of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic flora and the development of dysbiosis. Objective. Give hematological and bacteriological characteristics of the health status of medical workers. Material and methods. The results of laboratory studies of blood and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract of medical workers performed during the performing occupational medical examinations are analyzed. Results. Hematological indices were found to be characterized by an increased hemoglobin content in one-fourth of the examined workers, as well as lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, cholesterolemia. The microflora of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract is mainly represented by Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes in 65.2% of the workers; the remaining 34.8% were revealed to have a resident microflora. With the experience of work, the frequency of insemination increases and doubles by 10 years of the work. The structure of microflora is also changing. In the nosological form of occupational morbidity, allergic diseases prevail and account for 60.8%, tuberculosis - 26.0%, and hepatitis - 8,6%. Conclusion. All these changes in the body are the basis of pathogenetic manifestations in the formation of allergic and pathogenic pathologies, which make up to 70.0% of all occupational morbidity.
Lupus Nephritis (LN)
Authors: Chowdhury Md Nizamuddin
Published: March 2020

Abstract not available

J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.1, April, 2018, Page 1-3