bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Role of Personalisation in Augmented Reality Applications for Enhancing User Experience
Authors: Gupta Shelleka , Sharma Antra
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to have an understanding about the impact of augmented reality (AR) on user experience in case of a makeup app. This article tries to explore how personalisation, an AR process, impacts the various aspects of user experience (pragmatic quality, hedonic quality by stimulation, hedonic quality by identification and attractiveness). This study also evaluates the moderating role of privacy concern on the relationship of personalisation and user experience.

Methodology:

This research empirically analyses data from an experiment conducted in a controlled lab setting with 200 valid responses from users of a makeup app, which incorporates AR technology. SPSS and SmartPLS4 were used for the analysis.

Findings:

The results show that personalisation significantly impacts the user experience, particularly in terms of enhancing pragmatic quality. However, the results did not show a moderating effect of privacy concerns on the relationship of personalisation and user experience.

Implications:

This research offers marketers a foundation on leveraging AR technology in enhancing the app experience. It also contributes to the AR literature by understanding the interplay of personalisation, privacy concern and user experience.

Originality/Value:

This study examines how personalisation in AR distinctly shapes the user experience. It also addresses the contemporary dilemma of privacy concerns, investigating whether marketers should prioritise enhancing personalisation or exercise caution to uphold user privacy. While previous studies related to AR and user experience have been conducted in Western contexts, this study is unique in its kind in India.
Acute Kidney Injury in Children Admitted with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Chaukimath Sahana S. , Tadakanahalli Satish , Badiger Shriharsha
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) poses a risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) in children, with incidence varying across different regions and populations. The aim of the study is to assess the proportion and predictors of AKI in children with DKA and to assess the impact of AKI on the duration of hospital stay and recovery from metabolic acidosis.

Methods:

Medical records of children under 14 years admitted with DKA between 2021 and 2023 were analysed retrospectively. Data on clinical characteristics and outcomes were collected and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

Out of 31 patients, 7 (22.6%) developed AKI. Statistically significant differences were found between the AKI and non-AKI groups in terms of age, body mass index, corrected sodium and blood urea levels. Children with AKI had a longer median duration of hospital stay (10 vs. 6 days, P = .002) and a longer time to recover from metabolic acidosis (96 vs. 39 hours, P = .001) compared with those without AKI.

Conclusion:

A significant proportion of children with DKA are affected with AKI, leading to prolonged hospitalisation and delayed recovery from metabolic acidosis. Identifying predictors of AKI can help in the early recognition and management of this complication, improving patient outcomes.
The Sino-American Meta-Relationship: Harmonizing Digital Development in the Indo-Pacific Region?
Authors: Permata Inda Mustika
Published: December 2024

In terms of connectivity strategy, Indo-Pacific has become a strategic geopolitical arena for great power rivalry. With a rapidly growing economy, the region lacks digital connectivity infrastructure. Addressing this issue, China also developed the Digital Silk Road as part of their grand strategy, the Belt and Road Initiative. On the other side, the United States and G7 countries are also repackaging Build Back Better World into the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment. Against this backdrop, this article examines the implications of the relationship between the United States and China in the Indo-Pacific region, especially in terms of digital infrastructure. Qin’s relational theory is utilized as a theoretical framework. This article applies a qualitative approach with secondary data. As the relationship between the United States and China evolved into a meta-relationship, they exhibited distinct characteristics. However, these differences also create opportunities for Indo-Pacific countries to advance their digital technology development.
Perception of musculoskeletal discomfort in university professors in a pandemic context: A cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Soto-Martínez Adolfo , Neira-Torres Hans , Lagos-Hausheer Leonardo , Muñoz-Bustos Gustavo Alejandro , Guede-Rojas Francisco , Pincheira-Barbe Patricio , Muñoz-Bustos Mario
Published: December 2024

Background

Studies show contradictory results on telework and MSDs, recommending investigating ergonomic factors and considering mental workload and inactivity.

Objective

To analyze the predictive association of mental workload, postural overload, and physical inactivity on the presence of MSDs in university professors in a pandemic context.

Methods

A pilot cross-sectional study. An online self-administered questionnaire was used with the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to assess MSDs, the NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) for mental workload, The Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) to quantify ergonomic risks, and a physical activity question. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the association between the independent and dependent variables by Chi-square and logistic regression with an α = 0.05.

Results

Fifty-one university professors (58.8% female) participated. The frequency of MSDs was 82.3% and was most common in the neck region (62.7%). Significant associations of mental workload, postural overload, and physical inactivity on MSDs were found. Multiple predictive associations were observed between MSDs in the wrists and hands, chair postural overload, and physical inactivity (OR = 11.84 and OR = 15.38, respectively) while considering confounding variables such as gender, age, and BMI. In addition, MSDs in the upper back were observed with chair and mouse-keyboard postural overload (OR = 5.60 and OR = 7.59, respectively).

Conclusions

Predictive associations exist between mental workload, postural overload, physical inactivity, and MSDs. In the post-COVID era, teleworking has become essential in universities, and it is crucial to plan for it to prevent the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.
A Taxometric Analysis and External Validation of the Latent Structure of Student Risks and Needs
Authors: Marcus David K. , Strand Paul S. , French Brian F.
Published: December 2024

The present study applied taxometric analyses to the Washington Assessment of Risks and Needs of Students (WARNS)—an instrument designed to assess multiple domains of functioning related to justice system involvement arising from school disengagement—a trajectory referred to as the school to prison pipeline. Previous taxometric studies of constructs related to juvenile justice system involvement found dimensional rather than taxonic (dichotomous) latent structures. Participants were 5008 students from 89 Washington school districts who completed the WARNS as part of standard educational practices. The results were uniformly consistent with a dimensional latent structure. Also supporting a dimensional latent structure, dichotomized WARNS scores were significantly less strongly associated with student arrests, school suspensions, and school skip days than continuous WARNS scores. These findings support the dimensionality of risk and needs and have implications for assessments undertaken to improve school and social outcomes for at-risk youth.
Effect of different sealing caps on the backflow of short-term dialysis catheters: A bench study
Authors: Privitera Daniele , Giustivi Davide , Langer Thomas , Fiorina Elisabetta , Gotti Federica , Rossini Michela , Brunoni Beatrice , Capsoni Nicolò , Dal Molin Alberto , Zadek Francesco
Published: December 2024

Background:

Needle-free connectors (NFCs) are recommended as closure systems for peripheral and central vascular catheters to reduce needlestick injuries and infections, while potentially reducing blood reflux. However, their performance in short-term dialysis catheters has never been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the backflow associated with two NFCs (Neutron™ and Tego™) compared to the standard closure.

Methods:

In this bench study, the physiological blood pressure of the superior vena cava was simulated. Expert operators performed three sealing sequences for each combination of connector and lumens of the catheter, with and without closing the clamp. After that, the backflow was measured in millimeters using a high-precision digital caliper.

Results:

No combination of caps, lumens, or clamping sequences eliminated the backflow. No differences were observed between standard caps and NFCs in both lumens, apart from the Tego™/ No clamp combination in the proximal lumen that showed higher backflow (standard cap 15 [11; 17] mm vs Tego™ 23 [19; 25] mm, p < 0.001). Clamping reduced backflow in both the proximal (13 [11; 17] mm vs 20 [13; 25] mm) and distal lumens (12 [11; 16] mm vs 14 [12; 17] mm). No differences were found between standard caps and NFCs in the distal lumen, regardless of clamping. Proximal lumen consistently exhibited larger backflow (14 [12; 22] mm) compared to distal lumens (13 [11; 17] mm, p = 0.005).

Conclusion:

NFCs do not seem to introduce any advantage on backflow reduction as compared to a standard cap combined with lumen and clamping. Our data suggest that clamping should become standard practice when NFCs are used in the management of short-term dialysis catheters.
Pregnancy outcomes in adolescent and young adult patients with multiple sclerosis: A case series
Authors: Chang Gina , Stoney Sarah , Narula Sona
Published: December 2024

Background:

While there is increasing understanding of the effect of pregnancy on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS), there are limited studies focused on younger populations.

Cases:

We report neurologic and obstetric outcomes for 14 pregnancies from 11 adolescent and young adult female patients with pediatric-onset MS who delivered live births prior to age 26, and describe their relevant social determinants of health.

Conclusion:

Neurologic and obstetric outcomes in this cohort were generally good. Many of the pregnancies in our cohort appeared unplanned, underscoring the importance of discussing family planning with all MS patients of childbearing potential.
Numerical investigation on aerodynamic noise of rigid coaxial rotor in forward flight with lift-offset
Authors: Qi Haotian , Jiang Linsong , Pu Tianmei , Zhu Weijun
Published: December 2024

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and high-efficiency trim model is used to simulate the unsteady aerodynamics of coaxial rotor. Farassat 1 A equations are adopted for predicting rotor far-field aerodynamic noise. Forward flight cases of a two-bladed rigid coaxial rotor in different advance ratios and lift-offsets (LOS) are conducted. Sound pressure histories of different observation points and noise radiation maps are analyzed. Results indicate that, the intensity of rotor thickness noise moves towards the advancing side in the rotor disk plane, with the increase of advance ratio. Due to the superposition effect, the thickness noise of coaxial rotor is symmetrical, which is different with the single rotor. At low advance ratio, loading noise of the rigid coaxial rotor is enhanced near the blade-crossing azimuths caused by the unsteady interaction of the twin rotors. The enhancement turns weak with the increase of advance ratio. At high advance ratio, increasing LOS tends to enhance the rotor-self BVI noise, while weakening the inter-rotor interaction noise. At certain flight states, appropriate LOS can reduce the overall noise radiation intensity of rigid coaxial rotor.
Prediction of vibration in milling of thin-walled aluminum alloy parts using neural network model
Authors: Hou Junming , Wang Baosheng , Lv Dongsheng , Xu Changhong
Published: December 2024

Machining chatter is likely to occur during milling of thin-walled parts. The structural differences in thin-walled parts and the magnitude of the milling force can lead to varying degrees of chatter in different areas of the machining process. Predicting machining stability using dynamic modeling methods can be time-consuming. In this study, a method for establishing a particle swarm optimization-back propagation (PSO-BP) neural network model is proposed to predict the modal parameters of thin-walled parts and the surface vibration of machined parts. Based on measurements of the length, height, wall thickness, and position of the thin-walled parts, the modal parameters of the workpiece were predicted using the PSO-BP neural network model. Additionally, the average milling force was included as an input parameter to predict the displacement of surface vibrations on thin-walled parts using the PSO-BP model. The predictive results of the modal parameters and surface vibration displacement are evaluated using the evaluation function, which indicates that the PSO-BP neural network model can reliably predict the modal parameters and surface vibration depth of thin-walled parts.
Association between alcohol consumption and stroke in Nigeria and Ghana: A case–control study
Authors: Chukwuonye Innocent Ijezie , Akpa Onoja Matthew , Asowata Osahon Jeffery , Fakunle Adekunle Gregory , Komolafe Morenikeji A. , Akinyemi Joshua , Sarfo Fred Stephen , Akpalu Albert , Wahab Kolawole , Obiako Reginald , Owolabi Lukman , Osaigbovo Godwin O. , Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul , Ogah Okechukwu , Tiwari Hemant K , Jekins Carolyn , Michael Fawale B. , Arnett Donna , Calys-Tagoe Benedict , Olalere Abimbola , Adebayo Oladimeji , Oguike Wisdom , Adebayo Philip , Arulogun Oyedunni , Appiah Lambert , Ibinaiye Philip O. , Adeniyi Sunday , Olalusi Oladotun , Balogun Olayemi , Akinyemi Rufus , Ovbiagele Bruce , Owolabi Mayowa Ojo
Published: December 2024

Background:

The aim of the study was to examine the association between alcohol consumption and stroke in Nigeria and Ghana.

Methods:

The study is a multicentre, case–control study. Cases included consenting adults 18 years of age and older with acute stroke and controls were age-and -gender -matched stroke –free adults. Alcohol consumption was self-reported. The participants were classified into three alcohol-drinking status, which included abstainers, former drinkers, and current drinkers. The current drinkers were further classified into different alcohol drinking levels, including infrequent, light, moderate, heavy, and binge drinkers. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine associations between the drinking status and stroke, and the association between the different levels of current alcohol consumption and stroke. Five models were evaluated. Model 1 was unadjusted. Model 2 was adjusted for demographic characteristics. Model 3 included Model 2, lifestyle and psychosocial characteristics. Model 4 included Model 3 and dietary characteristics. Model 5 included Model 4 and metabolic characteristics.

Results:

A total of 7368 participants took part in the study. Half were stroke participants, and half were control participants. On the associations between drinking status and stroke, respectively, former drinkers showed no significant association with stroke. However, a significant association was observed between current drinkers and stroke in Models 1 and 2, with an odds ratio of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.04–1.38; p < 0.05) and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.01–1.36; p < 0.05), respectively. Regarding the various levels of current alcohol drinking and their association with stroke, no significant association was observed between light drinking and stroke in Model 5. In contrast, moderate drinkers, binge drinkers, and heavy drinkers showed a persistent and significant association with stroke respectively.

Conclusion:

There is a significant association between stroke and current alcohol consumption, especially among heavy, binge, and moderate drinkers.
The dark side of the moon: can critical health literacy offer solutions to the fundamental problems of health literacy?
Authors: Sykes Susie , van den Broucke Stephan , Abel Thomas
Published: December 2024

This commentary is intended as a response to ongoing concerns expressed about fundamental limitations of current research, policy, and practice surrounding health literacy. These concerns emphasise the individualistic and reductionist approaches which often dominate health literacy work, as well as a neglect of broader structural factors in addressing pressing public health issues. The potential of critical health literacy as a concept and practical approach which responds to these critiques is presented. A case is made that critical health literacy, as a concept that operates at both the community and individual level, offers an opportunity to address and eventually overcome these basic limitations in current health literacy approaches.
Clinicopathological and molecular features of claudin-18 isoform 2 expression in patients with colorectal cancer: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Takamizawa Shigemasa , Hirano Hidekazu , Takashima Atsuo , Shoji Hirokazu , Hirose Toshiharu , Okita Natsuko , Shiraishi Kouya , Sekine Shigeki , Takamizawa Yasuyuki , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Kato Ken
Published: December 2024

Background:

Claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) is expressed in multiple cancers and is a promising target for antitumor therapy. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the prevalence and characteristics of CLDN18.2-positive colorectal cancer (CRC).

Objectives:

To determine the clinicopathological and molecular features of patients with CLDN18.2-positive CRC.

Design:

Single-center retrospective study.

Methods:

A total of 805 patients who underwent surgical resection for pathological stage I–III CRC at the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) between 1997 and 2019 were identified. Expression of CLDN18.2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The association of CLDN18.2 expression with clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes was assessed. The cutoff for CLDN18.2 positivity was defined as ⩾1%.

Results:

Among these patients, 17 (2.1%) had CLDN18.2-positive CRC. Right-sided CRC was significantly more common in patients who were CLDN18.2 positive than in those who were CLDN18.2 negative (76.5% vs 28.3%, p < 0.0001), as was mucinous or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (17.6% vs 3.0%; 17.6% vs 2.2%, p < 0.0001), T3–4 disease (100% vs 84.3%, p = 0.075), lymphatic invasion (64.7% vs 24.2%, p < 0.0001), BRAF V600E mutation (29.4% vs 4.1%, p < 0.0001), and deficient mismatch repair (MMR) status (47.1% vs 10.0%, p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis did not identify CLDN18.2 expression status to be an independent predictor of relapse-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS).

Conclusion:

Approximately 2% of all CRC cases in this study were CLDN18.2 positive and had unfavorable features (e.g., mucinous or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, T3–4 disease, lymphatic invasion, BRAF V600E mutation) and deficient MMR status. CLDN18.2 positivity did not have a significant impact on RFS or OS.
Subcortical tau burden correlates with regional brain atrophy and plasma markers in four-repeat tauopathy parkinsonism
Authors: Li Cheng-Hsuan , Fan Sung-Pin , Shih Ming-Chieh , Weng Yi-Hsin , Chen Ta-Fu , Li Hsun , Cheng Mei-Fang , Kuo Ming-Che , Peng Pei-Ling , Higuchi Makoto , Hsiao Ing-Tsung , Lin Kun-Ju , Lin Chin-Hsien
Published: December 2024

Background

18F-florzolotau positron emission tomography (PET) assists in the in vivo diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).

Objective

We aimed to investigate the relationship between 18F-florzolotau uptake and clinical severity, structural volume changes, and plasma markers in four-repeat tauopathies.

Methods

A total of 80 participants were recruited: 35 with PSP (11 with PSP-Richardson syndrome and 24 with PSP non-Richardson syndrome), 9 with corticobasal syndrome (CBS), 10 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 8 with Parkinson's disease, and 18 controls. All participants underwent 18F-florzolotau PET, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and plasma biomarker investigation (total and phosphorylated tau [pTau181], neurofilament light chain, and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]).

Results

18F-Florzolotau uptake was significantly higher in the subcortical regions of the pallidum, subthalamic nucleus (STN), midbrain, red nucleus, and raphe nucleus in PSP patients compared to the other groups (all p < 0.01). Subcortical tau tracer retention assisted in distinguishing PSP and CBS from controls (AUC = 0.836, p < 0.001). Tau tracer retention could differentiate PSP and CBS from AD in cortical ( p < 0.001) and subcortical regions ( p = 0.028). The motor severity of PSP positively correlated with tau burden in STN ( p = 0.044) and substantia nigra ( p = 0.035). Tau tracer uptake was associated with cortical volume changes in CBS ( p = 0.031), PSP non-Richardson syndrome ( p = 0.003), and AD ( p = 0.044). Cortical tau retention correlated with plasma levels of GFAP ( p = 0.001) and pTau181 ( p = 0.036).

Conclusions

Subcortical 18F-Florzolotau uptake assist the diagnosis of 4R tauopathy parkinsonism. Additionally, regional tau burden contributes to structural brain volume changes and correlates with plasma levels of GFAP and pTau181.
SynNeurGe: The road ahead for a biological definition of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Höglinger Günter U , Lang Anthony E
Published: December 2024

While significant progress has been made in treating Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have consistently failed. To address the underlying molecular mechanisms of PD, two biology-based criteria have been proposed: the “Synucleinopathy-Neurodegeneration-Genetics” (SynNeurGe) and “neuronal α-synuclein disease” (NSD) frameworks. Both frameworks emphasize the importance of biological markers over clinical symptoms. They recognize α-synuclein aggregation and genetic mutations (such as SNCA) as key diagnostic elements, with α-synuclein seed amplification assays (SAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) used to detect early disease stages. Dopaminergic neurodegeneration, measured by DAT imaging, is also central to both frameworks. These shared features aim to improve early diagnosis and precision medicine for PD. However, SynNeurGe provides a broader, more flexible framework that integrates α-synuclein pathology (S), neurodegeneration (N), and genetics (G), linked to clinical features (C). It aims to accommodate the complexity of PD and related Lewy body diseases, facilitating research on targeted DMTs. In contrast, NSD focuses specifically on PD and Lewy body dementia, introducing a staging system (NSD-ISS) based on biological markers and clinical impairment, helping track disease progression from preclinical to symptomatic stages. Despite their differences, both approaches highlight the need for more specific biomarkers and prospective studies to improve early intervention and personalized treatment. Harmonizing SynNeurGe and NSD concepts will be key in creating a universally accepted framework for precise PD diagnosis and therapy development.
Risk Perceptions of Misinformation Exposure Across Platforms, Issues, Modalities, and Countries: A Comparative Study Across the Global North and South
Authors: Hameleers Michael , Garnier Ortiz Marie
Published: December 2024

Mis- and disinformation have been associated with detrimental political consequences, such as increasing ideological and epistemic polarization. Yet, we know little about how people perceive the risks of misinformation across countries and domains of information. As holding high-risk perceptions of encountering misinformation across domains may result in high levels of media cynicism and uncertainty, it is important to explore news users’ relative risk perceptions related to mis- and disinformation. Therefore, this article relies on original survey data collected in seven countries: Argentina ( N = 507), Brazil ( N = 650), Chile ( N = 485), Mexico ( N = 461), the United States ( N = 521), Spain ( N = 576), and the Netherlands ( N = 518) (total N = 3,718). Main findings indicate that news users arrive at high estimates of mis- and disinformation’s proportion across all countries. Although higher-risk information domains (i.e., political advertising) are generally more likely to be associated with misinformation than lower-risk domains (i.e., scientific evidence), our findings foreground important country-level differences that relate to varying levels of resilience across the seven democracies studied. Our findings offer important evidence for the relative assessments of risk related to misinformation across contexts that vary on vulnerability to the threats of misinformation.
Randomized Trials Using Provincial Health Numbers for Group Assignment
Authors: Garg Amit X. , Dixon Stephanie N. , Ma Charlotte , Basile Erika , Luo Bin , De Melo Magda Nunes , Molnar Amber O. , Poonai Naveen , Schull Michael J. , Silver Samuel A. , Sontrop Jessica M. , Zwarenstein Merrick , Roshanov Pavel
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Using data from Ontario, Canada, this report shows how provincial government-assigned health card numbers can be used for individual-level randomization in large pragmatic trials. We describe how health card numbers are assigned and analyze the distribution of health card digits in a trial setting. We then provide an example of how they can be used for randomization and discuss the methodological and practical considerations of the approach.

Key Findings:

In Ontario, Canada, health card numbers are randomly generated and assigned without regard to the applicant’s characteristics. The number is a 10-digit string connected with hyphens followed by a version code (ie, 1234-567-890-XX). The number is unique to each individual and assigned for life. Before assignment, some numbers within the 10 digits are altered using proprietary business rules. We demonstrate how to use certain digits for individual-level randomization and provide an example of how we will use the tenth digit for randomization in a large new trial of different dialysate bicarbonate concentrations. While this approach has many practical and methodological advantages, it does not allow for stratification. Before using this approach, teams should consider if it will affect the integrity of the randomization and the trial, which will be influenced by the setting and the type of intervention tested.

Implications:

Using provincial government-assigned health card numbers for pragmatic randomized trials appears viable, but the merits must be carefully considered on a trial-by-trial basis. The approach can streamline and reduce the cost of conducting such trials.
Presumed acquired neuromyotonia of unknown cause in a cat with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Santifort Koen M , Vanhaesebrouck An , Bashford James , Van Soens Iris
Published: December 2024

Case summary

A 16-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat with methimazole-treated hyperthyroidism presented with a chronic progressive history of a stiff gait progressing to recumbency. A neurological examination revealed continuous excessive muscle tone with myokymia, which exacerbated with exercise and persisted during general anaesthesia. An electromyographic study revealed myokymic discharges in all tested muscles, as well as complex repetitive discharges, fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves. Blood tests, urinalysis and abdominal ultrasound did not reveal significant abnormalities. A histological examination of a muscle biopsy showed no specific abnormalities. A clinical diagnosis of acquired neuromyotonia with myokymia was formulated. Phenytoin treatment resulted in temporary improvement, but excessive muscle tone recurred resulting in episodes of dyspnoea. Euthanasia was elected 3 weeks after presentation.

Relevance and novel information

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the second report of an acquired neuromyotonia in a cat. In contrast with the previous report, treatment with phenytoin resulted in only partial and temporary improvement of signs. Subsequent progression of the disease, including signs of dyspnoea and dysuria, led to the decision to euthanase the cat. In humans, acquired neuromyotonia (Isaacs syndrome) is usually due to an autoimmune response to proteins associated with voltage-gated potassium channels. More rarely, it has also been described in humans with thyroid disorders. A link with methimazole treatment or hyperthyroidism in the cat reported here could not be excluded.
DIY-Online Reconciliation? The Role of Memes in Navigating Inter-Group Boundaries in the Context of Sri Lanka’s 2022 Political Crisis
Authors: Hirblinger Andreas T. , Kallis Sara , Haputhanthri Hasini A.
Published: December 2024

Social media is increasingly viewed as a venue for organized peacebuilding efforts. However, current research has paid little attention to the vast array of everyday, self-organized social media interactions that could help overcome societal divisions. This article analyses the role of online memes in everyday online reconciliation, using Sri Lanka’s 2022 political crisis as a case study. We argue that memes contribute to a DIY-approach to dealing with the past, helping to renegotiate inter-group boundaries in the aftermath of conflict. Memes articulate grievances, but they also engage with inter-group relations in a playful manner, thus enabling both a “sincere” and a “subjunctive” approach to group relations by describing them both as they “are” as well as how they “could be.” In combination, they can be used as a “weapon of the weak,” through which vulnerable social media users may communicate in ways that transcend dominant perspectives on group relations.
Perceived Health Concerns and Barriers to Care in Persons With Overweight and Obesity: A Patient Survey
Authors: Keller A. Scott , Hurt Ryan T. , Schroeder Darrell R. , DeJesus Ramona S. , Ganesh Ravindra , Fokken Shawn C. , Mundi Manpreet S. , Bonnes Sara L. , Lawson Donna K. , Njeru Jane W. , Vincent Ann , Ebbert Jon O. , Ghosh Karthik , Abu Lebdeh Haitham S. , Hensrud Donald D. , Nanda Sanjeev , Croghan Ivana T.
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

To identify patient characteristics, health concerns, and barriers to care based on overweight or obesity.

Methods:

A 50-question anonymous survey was administered to patients. Data were compared by body mass index (BMI).

Results:

Among 3976 distributed surveys, 899 were returned and 682 were analyzed. Most respondents were women (60%), White (94%), and married/partnered (65%) and had some college education (80%). Younger and unmarried persons had higher BMI ( P < .001). Concern for quality of life ( P < .001) and importance of lifestyle changes ( P = .006) increased with BMI, but confidence in making changes decreased as BMI increased ( P < .001). Perceived good health decreased with increasing BMI ( P < .001), whereas depression and other comorbid conditions increased. Self-esteem decreased and stigma increased with higher BMI (both P < .001). Weight discussions with clinicians ( P < .001) and belief that clinicians should be involved in weight management ( P = .002) increased with BMI, yet self-perception of being judged by clinicians also increased ( P < .001). As BMI increased, delays in seeking health care increased ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

This survey study highlights perceived health concerns and barriers to care among persons with overweight and obesity. With higher BMI, self-esteem decreased, and stigma, self-perception of poor health, perception of being judged by clinicians, and delay in seeking medical care increased.
Fear of Crime During Years of Street Violence Is Associated With Worsening Cardiovascular Health Status
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Del Brutto Victor J. , Rumbea Denisse A. , Arias Emilio E. , Sedler Mark J.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Street violence has detrimental effects on cardiovascular health (CVH). However, the significance of these consequences have not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of fear of crime on CVH status among community-dwellers aged ≥40 years living in a rural village stricken by violence.

Methods:

Participants were selected from individuals enrolled in the Atahualpa Project Cohort, a population-based longitudinal study that aims to reduce the burden of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in rural Ecuador. Fear of crime was evaluated using a structured scale. The Life’s Simple 7 construct of the American Heart Association was employed to assess CVH before the escalation of violence and crime in the village (2019) and at the end of the study (2024). Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association between the exposure and outcomes.

Results:

A total of 648 individuals (mean age = 57.4 ± 11.7 years; 56% women) were included. At the end of the follow-up, significant association between fear of crime levels and worsening CVH status was noted. Participants allocated to the second and third tertiles of fear of crime were 3.27 (95% CI = 2.07-5.19) and 5.46 (95% CI = 3.14-9.48) times more likely to have worsening CVH status at follow-up compared to baseline determinations, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study shows an aggravating impact of fear of crime on the CVH status and identifies interventional targets that may help to reduce the risk of CVH status worsening in community-dwellers living in rural settings afflicted by violence.
From Extraordinary to Ordinary: Heroic Images in British and Chinese 18th-century Supernatural Fiction
Authors: Chen Minglun , Ganapathy Malini , Che Lah Salasiah
Published: December 2024

Heroic images appear in ancient myths, legends, or folktales from almost every corner of the world. The Swiss psychologist Carl Jung proposed the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes in the early 20th century, and his hero archetype has inspired numerous literary critics, mythologists, and writers to investigate the narrative structures of the hero’s journey. The 18th century witnessed a boom in British Gothic novels and Chinese supernatural tales, among which Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto and Pu Songling’s Liaozhai Zhiyi are the most prominent. Both literary genres belong to supernatural fiction, with the hero being the typical character. Based on archetypal criticism and qualitative approaches like comparative method, historical approach, and textual analysis, this study attempts to compare the heroic images in British and Chinese 18th-century supernatural fiction, revealing the resemblance and diversity of human cultures through the analysis of the heroes’ characteristics and journeys in The Castle of Otranto and Liaozhai Zhiyi. The findings show that their heroic images are created by the hero archetypes from their national mythologies and social contexts, which demonstrates the transformation from the extraordinary to the ordinary.
Visitors’ Acceptance of Wearable AR Technology in Museums
Authors: Li Jia , Tu Xian-Feng , Nie Jin-Wei , Ye Jing , Lv Chan
Published: December 2024

This study measured the relationship between the variables that influence museum visitors’ use of wearable augmented reality (AR) technology using the technology acceptance model (TAM). We hypothesized that visual appeal, technological readiness, and facilitating conditions positively influence museum visitors’ technological beliefs and intentions to use AR. The results of partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis confirmed most of our hypotheses. Interviews with museum visitors revealed that AR visitors exhibited more complex perspectives than traditional visitors, which requires further use of digital technology to meet increasingly complex user demands. The variables of AR sound effects and leasing costs should also not be overlooked. The research results indicate the necessity of further enhancing the overall comfort of wearable AR while considering the growing number of users who wear glasses.
The Relationship Between Faculty Support, Academic Self-efficacy, Academic Emotions, and Online Learning Performance Among University Students in China
Authors: Zhao Mao , Maat Siti Mistima , Azman Norzaini , Zheng En
Published: December 2024

Online learning performance (OAP) serves as a critical determinant of educational quality and students’ academic success. In this study, we probe into the impact of faculty support (FS) on online learning performance among university students and assess the mediating roles of academic self-efficacy (ASE) and academic emotions (AE). A quantitative survey design was adopted, which involved public universities in Sichuan province in China. The participants consisted of 2,124 public university students who were selected via stratified sampling. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) via Smart PLS 3.0 software. The analysis conducted using the standard bootstrapping procedure allowed for the estimation of both direct and indirect path coefficients in the study. Supported by the social support theory of faculty support, social cognitive theory of academic emotions, and self-efficacy theory of academic self-efficacy, Our results indicate that (1) a positive association between faculty support and students’ online learning performance, (2) the mediating effect of academic emotions between faculty support and online learning performance, and (3) the mediating effect of academic self-efficacy between faculty support and online learning performance. This study echoes prior research emphasizing faculty support as a pivotal component in enhancing student learning outcomes, while spotlighting the crucial role of academic self-efficacy and emotions in bolstering this relationship. This study, of noteworthy significance, foregrounds the importance of faculty support, academic self-efficacy, and academic emotions in optimizing online learning performance in higher education. Future research directions and implications are further discussed.
The assistive gait devices and their implementation in activities of daily living for patients with neuromuscular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mijic Marko , Wirner-Piotrowski Corinna , Jung Andres , Gutschmidt Kristina , Arndt Marcela , García-Angarita Natalia , Wenninger Stephan , Young Peter , Schoser Benedikt
Published: December 2024

Background:

To date, assistive gait devices (AGDs) for people with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) have not been systematically evaluated.

Objective:

This systematic review evaluated AGDs for people with NMDs.

Methods

Suitable tools were used to assess the study quality and the certainty of evidence. If feasible, a descriptive and quantitative synthesis was conducted.

Results:

Forty studies were included on: gait-assisting exoskeletons (GAEs), orthopaedic footwear (OF), knee and/or ankle-foot-orthoses (AFOs) and non-invasive neuroprostheses that provide functional electrical stimulation (FES). Pairwise meta-analysis could not be performed due to a lack of homogenous data. The within-group pre-post meta-analysis in GAE studies showed an improvement in 2-min walk test (2MWT) (m) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.36, 95%-CI: 0.17 to 0.54), but not in 10-meter walk test (10MWT) (sec) (SMD = 0.33, 95%-CI: −0.10 to 0.76) and in functional independence measure (FIM) (SMD = −0.002, 95%-CI: −0.21 to 0.21). In AFO studies, there was no improvement in 10MWT(m) (SMD = −0.11, 95%-CI: −0.76 to 0.53). A single session with AFO or OF vs no-AFO or OF post-intervention meta-analysis did not reveal an improvement in walking speed (m/s) (SMD = 0.39, 95%-CI: −0.03 to 0.83).

Discussion:

GAEs seem to help patients to walk longer. The meta-analyses showed no significant results to support the effect of AFOs or OF. Neuroprostheses and knee orthoses showed no evidence.

Conclusion:

No clear conclusions can be drawn on how AGDs affect NMDs. The positive AGD effects are based on very low certainty of evidence.
Mutational and clinical spectrum of myofibrillar myopathy in one center from China
Authors: Wang Qi , Sun Peng , Yu Meng , Xie Zhiying , Yu Jiaxi , Liu Xiujuan , Hong Daojun , Lv He , Deng Jianwen , Yuan Yun , Wang Zhaoxia , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

Background:

Myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) is a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by degeneration of Z-disk and disintegration of myofibrils. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the mutational spectrum and phenotypic features of MFM in China.

Methods:

We used targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) to identify causative mutations in 39 MFM patients with confirmed myopathological diagnosis.

Results:

The results showed that variants were found in six MFM-associated genes, including DES, FLNC, BAG3, MYOT, TTN and DNAJB6, in 28 (71.7%), 3 (7.7%), 3 (7.7%), 1 (2.6%), 3 (7.7%), and 1 (2.6%), respectively. Of the total 26 variants identified, 19 were reported previously and 7 were novel variants. Missense variant (80.0%) was the most common mutant type of DES. P209L was the hotspot mutation of BAG3 while no obvious hotspot mutation was found of DES. Clinically, distal and proximal weakness were observed in 64.1% and 35.9% patients. Arrythmia and peripheral neuropathy were the most common combined symptoms of desminopathy and BAG3opathy, respectively. Pathologically, rimmed vacuoles (RVs) were present in different genetic type of MFM. Giant axonal nerve fiber was found in BAG3-releated MFM patient.

Conlusion:

We concluded that MFM showed a highly variable genetic spectrum, with DES as the most frequent causative gene followed by FLNC, BAG3 and TTN. This study expanded the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of MFM among Chinese cohort.
The telemedical platform MyaLink for remote monitoring in myasthenia gravis – rationale and protocol for a proof of concept study
Authors: Stein Maike , Meisel Andreas , Mönch Maximilian , Narayanaswami Pushpa , Sun Haoqi , Herdick Meret , Gerischer Lea , Lehnerer Sophie
Published: December 2024

Rationale:

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, chronic neurological disorder leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and potentially life-threatening crises. Patients often require life-long specialized treatment, but timely interventions are frequently hindered by the limited availability of specialists. Telemedical solutions at specialized centers enabling patient-physician interaction hold promise in bridging this gap, but are not yet available for MG. We developed ‘MyaLink,’ a remote monitoring platform tailored for MG, and outline the study design assessing the platform and clinical outcomes regarding telemedical intervention. Additionally, we present study results on care-related aspects in MG prior to telemedical intervention to identify challenges in the current care provision process.

Design:

The platform comprises a patient app and a physician portal, enabling systematic symptom monitoring using data from patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), coupled devices and a communication module. The randomized controlled study included 45 study participants (SP) over a 12-weeks period, including a group receiving standard care (15 MG patients) and a group with additional telemedical treatment (30 MG patients) including assessment of PROMs, wearable data collection and telemedical check-ups. Questions regarding care-related aspects were assessed at baseline visit.

Results:

Many SP (N = 33, 73.3%) communicate with the physician managing their MG via email. 73.3% (N = 33) of SP identify areas for improvement in their MG care including symptom monitoring (N = 23, 69.7%), specialist appointment availability (N = 22, 66.7%), medication (N = 22, 66.7%) and specialist accessibility (N = 20, 60.6%). Additionally, 73.3% (N = 33) reported that the effort required to manage their MG was high.

Conclusion:

Our results emphasize the high demand of affected MG patients for continuous telemedicine services. MyaLink can provide such a service through personalized support based on the exchange of health data. Telemedicine solutions such as MyaLink promise to improve myasthenia care by providing accessible, patient-centred care that enables early detection of worsening symptoms and non-response to treatment.

Trial registration:

The study was registered under DRKS00029907 on August 19, 2022.
Dirty, Dangerous… and Difficult? Regional Perspectives on a Nuclear South Korea
Authors: Hynd Alexander M.
Published: December 2024

Domestic support for a nuclear South Korea is increasingly noticeable—with envisioned pathways including the return of US tactical nuclear weapons, a NATO-style nuclear sharing agreement and an indigenous nuclear programme. Existing accounts largely frame the issue in terms of Washington-Seoul alliance management and a single defining North Korean threat, focusing on questions of ‘why’ South Korea should/should not pursue nuclear options. In this article, I instead reframe the debate as a broader regional security issue, investigating how South Korea’s Indo-Pacific neighbours might view and respond to the activation of these nuclear pathways. Drawing on interviews and exchanges with nuclear and regional security experts, this article provides a preliminary and tentative sketch of the perspectives of foreign policy elites in six Indo-Pacific states: the United States, China, Japan, India, Indonesia and Australia; and also Taiwan. I conclude the article by offering further policy-relevant insights into how regional states can act, both individually and collectively, to lessen the prospects of a nuclear South Korea.
Divided by Ideology and United by Gender Stereotypes: Debating Politics of Representation and Tokenism in Student Politics in India
Authors: Renukuntla Anusha , Mocherla Ashok Kumar
Published: December 2024

This article attempts to problematise the student activism on university campuses, which has been a prominent political space for the youth. Student movements through their respective organisations have induced multiple levels of political consciousness among students during their stay. By critically looking at student activism on campus, one could not overlook the fact that student activism on campus has long been a masculine domain with a little or almost negligible presence of women student leaders in university politics. Against such lopsided gender realities, this article proposed to examine the nature and praxis of student political organisations with the help of gender perspectives. This article argues that despite being divided on lines of political ideology, these student organisations are, at one level, united by gender stereotypes that are creating permanent political barriers for women student leaders on campus. In doing so, it focuses on unexplored and undocumented internal politics of the student organisations that seem to have established invisible gender structures leading to under-representation and discrimination of women participants in student politics and activism. Analytical concepts of this article have been developed based on ethnographic data collected from women students at a central university located in South India.