bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WATER RESOURCES AS A GEO-ECONOMIC TOOL FOR STRENGTHENING THE ECONOMIC POWER OF STATES
Authors: Tukvadze Otar , Guchua Ana
Published: January 2022

Competition over the use of water resources is growing worldwide and causes a lot of conflict between countries or regions. But hydro political issues and their implications for trans boundary and regional conflicts, which affect water distribution, are undervalued. The main causes of conflicts in this direction are presented in the context of water scarcity. However, water scarcity does not necessarily lead to trans boundary water conflicts; Instead, the main reason may be a geo-economics factor such as power asymmetry. The article presents water resources as an element of geo-economics and a tool in the context of strengthening the power of countries and describes the nature of water conflict and cooperation. The article also discusses how “water conflicts” can be resolved and outlines future directions that can be taken to resolve trans boundary water conflicts.
Biostratigraphy and microfacies of the pelagic carbonates across the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in eastern Serbia (Stara Planina–Poreč Zone)
Authors: Petrova Silviya , Rabrenović Dragoman , Lakova Iskra , Koleva-Rekalova Elena , Ivanova Daria , Metodiev Lubomir , Malešević Nenad
Published: January 2022

Integrated micropaleontological and microfacies studies on Tithonian and Berriasian pelagic carbonates of the Stara Planina–Poreč Zone (eastern Serbia) provided a new knowledge on the stratigraphic ages, depositional settings and lateral correlation with the Western Balkan Unit in Bulgaria. A total of forty calpionellid species, nineteen benthic foraminiferal species, and fourteen species of calcareous dinoflagellates have been identified in the Rosomač section in eastern Serbia. Calpionellid zones Chitinoidella, Crassicollaria, Calpionella, and Calpionellopsis have been recorded. Calcareous dinoflagellate zonation consists of Parastomiosphaera malmica, Colomisphaera fortis, and Stomiosphaerina proxima zones. The Rosomač Limestones are assigned to the Upper Tithonian and Lower Berriasian and the Ržana Clayey Limestone Beds to the Upper Berriasian. Seven distinct microfacies have been identified at the Rosomač section in eastern Serbia. Two of them, MF 1 calpionellid mudstones and MF 2 calpionellid wackestones, characterize the basinal depositional zone. Five microfacies belong to the slope facial zone, including the toe of the slope. These are: MF 3 Saccocoma wackestones, MF 4 wackestones with bioclasts, MF 5 intraclast-bioclastic grainstones, MF 6 bioclast-intraclastic floatstones, and MF 7 bioclast-intraclastic rudstones. Vertical microfacies distributions are directly correlated with the calpionellid and calcareous dinocyst zonations in sections in Serbia and Bulgaria. The pelagic carbonates in the Tithonian/Berriasian boundary interval were deposited under slope
conditions at Rosomač section, and under basinal conditions at Barlya section in western Bulgaria.
AN ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL SAFETY NET PROGRAMMES TOWARDS CHALLENGES AND BENEFITS OF COMMUNITY IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Qasim Zafar, Dr. Mhammad Shabbir, Dr. Sadaf Mahmood
Published: January 2022

In this research, the researcher tried to analyze the transparency with government perspective, while convenience to be assessed with respect to the payment receivers. The beneficiaries from three most used payment methods were taken into consideration like Post Office, ATM Cards, and Electronic-Biometric Money transfer system. Population of this mixed descriptive study ere the beneficiaries, who have experience of receiving payment from all the three payment methods, therefore, beneficiaries of BISP belonging to districts Ghotki and Kairpur of Province Sindh were taken as the population. 06 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted. There is a need to make this system cultural and context specific. Themes and concepts were made to analyze challenges and benefits of beneficiaries by evaluating the coverage, efficiency, effectiveness, convenience, transparency and satisfaction o. An effective and strong public information campaign (by using all means of communication) can also play a vital role in minimizing the financial leakage. These quality machines will further help in better service delivery by reducing the payment receipt time and try to maintain better connectivity services, especially in the days of payment.
COUNTER-TERRORISM STRATEGIES OF THE MUSHARRAF REGIME IN FATA
Authors: Umair Muhammad Khan /Dr. Fida Bazai , Dr. Ruqia Rehman
Published: January 2022

Pakistan is a security centric state. It is neither located in Western Europe nor in East Asia to have people-centric and economy centric foreign and domestic policies. South Asia is a difficult political terrain, which does not allow states to focus on other issues at the expense of security, therefore, it is always been the top priority of all South Asian states, especially of Pakistan due to its profoundly dangerous relationship with India, which already converted East Pakistan into Bangladesh in December 1971. There are some experts and political analysts who are critical of Pakistan’s foreign policy towards India and Afghanistan. They are of the opinion that Pakistan should focus on economy, poverty, unemployment and lawlessness instead of security. They do not consider geo-strategic threats as real and India as actual enemy of Pakistan. The totally ignore the advice of neo-realists that International system is anarchic, states have to focus on their security to survive in an anarchic international system.
CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC) OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS AT DOMESTIC AND REGIONAL CIRCLES
Authors: Nasir Abbas , Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ishaque Fani
Published: January 2022

It is believed that China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) would bring peace and prosperity in domestic as well as regional circles of Pakistan. This project carries many different perspectives including domestic employments and regional connectivity. Although a lot of work has been done on the project of CPEC already but in this article, an attempt has been made to understand the importance of the project CPEC in the domestic domain of employment and regional connectivity concerns with its opportunities and threats to the project. The main contribution to support this article is the review of literature focusing China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) a blessing for Pakistan and addressing political, economic and strategic challenges and threats to the project. The paper concludes with possible managerial suggestions to eradicate the threats to the project by stakeholders’ participation in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
ALLAMA DR MUHAMMAD IQBAL’S PHILOSOPHY OF ISLAMIC CULTURE AND MORAL VALUES AND CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM WORLD: AN ANALYTICAL AND CRITICAL STUDY
Authors: Muhammad Umar Riaz Abbasi
Published: January 2022

Historically, religion along with the culture and civilization have always advanced in accordance with one another. Undoubtedly, development of culture without that of religion is not possible. Therefore, this amalgamation and inter-dependence of religion as well as culture is the fundamental crux of Muslim cultural and moral view of Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal. For Muhammad Iqbal, most significant element in the life of Muslims is its culture and moral values. For the development of Muslim society among the entire globe, Iqbal focused mainly on culture and morality, instead of political and economic influence of the state. Though, Iqbal had a deep insight about the western view, still he formulated his though in accordance with the guidance provided by Quran and Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa SAWW. As, in the modern-day world, morality of the individuals is based entirely upon their own choices and orthodox preconceptions. Furthermore, morality is dependent upon the culture also it seems to be conservative in the context of modern era. The followers of traditions are at conflict with the followers of modernization and considers them to be fundamentalists. However, the traditionalists are aware of this fact that their system of value is resilient against any sudden change. However, the trends and fashions of the modern age thought not completely inaccurate transmits within the generations. This review paper thus mainly focuses on exploring the philosophy of Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal about the culture of Muslims along with their morality. Also, it would cornerstone the contemporary situations of the Muslim world under the influence of Iqbal’s philosophy. Though it does not determine the constitutional factors of cultures and traits of Muslim society however, it is an attempt to exhibit the critical appraisal of Dr. Iqbal about the nature of culture of Muslims as well as the fundamental ideologies which are motivating, inspiring, and directing the Muslim societies in their pursuit of moral values and culture.
INSIGHT ON COVID-19 PHENOMENA IN THE INITIAL PHASE MAINSTREAM INDIAN VS. PAKISTANI NEWSPAPERS
Authors: Noman Ishfaq , Awais H. Gillani , Saleem Akhtar
Published: January 2022

The mysterious COVID-19 phenomenon has become an infodemic. This study aims to understand the communication phenomenon of the devious virus critically. Employing thematic analysis and framing theory, the study analyzed the editorials of Dawn and the Hindustan Times published from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2020. After rigorous mining of the data, using open and axial coding, four major themes came out, which are (1) Shutting down the country, (2) COVID-19 and economic trauma, (3) Health management challenges, and (4) countering the infodemic. The findings indicated that most editorials added to people's knowledge about COVID-19. The editorials informed the policy-makers and citizens on pandemic issues like the need for lockdown, severeness of infectious disease, drastic consequences on the global economy. This study is an addition to the COVID-19 communication literature that helped decode the COVID-19 communication phenomenon from Pakistani and Indian newspapers' perspectives.
MINORITIES RIGHTS PROTECTION IN PUNJAB: AN ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY DATA COLLECTED FROM CHRISTIAN MINORITY
Authors: Muhammad Arslan , Dr. Muhammad Shabbir , Dr. Ghulam Mustafa
Published: January 2022

Pakistan is an Islamic republic as declared the equal rights to every citizen of Pakistan. In Pakistan lot of marginalized groups neglected by the society as they are religious minorities, transgender, special persons etc. In the diverts groups in a country are living and having a lot of issues in toleration of each other identity and that’s why the minorities are considered as marginalized. In all constitutions as 1956, 1962 and 1973 that everywhere minorities have mentioned with equal rights especially the constitution of 1973. As article 20 states that every Pakistani citizen have liberty to establish their religious institutions and practice their own religion. With all these equal rights mentioned in constitution the country has lack of implementation of state policies. The purpose of the research is to explore the realities about the Minorities rights and dealing with them by society. The constitution of 1973 provides the guarantee of equal rights of citizen, but some marginalized groups suppressed by the society. The focus of this research work is to elucidate minorities rights focused on Christian Minority mechanism in Punjab and to explore the difference between theory and practice. The data has been collected from primary and secondary sources. The primary data has been collected through questionnaire. The data was collected from 800 Christian minority people from Punjab. After analysis of data it has come to know that there is a difference in theory and its implications. The government should more focus on minorities rights mechanism and mindset of people should be change towards protection of minorities rights.
Инициирование православным духовенством Курской епархии сбора денежных средств в рамках церковной благотворительности во время русско-турецкой войны
Authors: Залога Иван Валерьевич , Мошкин Александр Николаевич
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматривается социальная деятельность и благотворительность православного духовенства и приходов Курской епархии в годы русско-турецкой войны 1877–1878 гг. Исследуются все формы и методы, которые использовались для сбора пожертвований в пользу санитарных нужд действующей армии, а также характеризуются их количественные и качественные показатели. Описаны церковно-административные распоряжения и региональные особенности деятельности священнослужителей и приходов по направлению социального служения. На основании использованных источников делается вывод о том, что главным акцентом церковной благотворительности в обозначенные хронологические рамки была идея всеобщего участия и поддержки государственной политики. Церковное социальное служение развивалось в двух направлениях: во-первых, в активизации филантропических установок прихожан через устную тематическую проповедь, распространение информации о нуждах фронта и о уже сделанных пожертвованиях; во-вторых, личным участием православного духовенства и прихожан в сборе пожертвований.
Продовольственные заготовки в Центрально-Черноземном районе в годы Первой мировой войны (1914–1917)
Authors: Оськин Максим Викторович
Published: January 2022

Одной из важнейших задач власти в период Первой мировой войны стало снабжение армии и фронта продовольствием и фуражом. Центрально-Черноземный регион, расположенный в центре России, рядом с второй столицей империи – Москвой, должен был взять на себя обязанности по снабжению как фронта, так и тыловых потребляющих районов. Большую часть хлеба воюющей России поставляли малороссийские и поволжские регионы. Однако значение великороссийских черноземных губерний нельзя переоценить – с наступлением продовольственного кризиса именно они работали на снабжение старой столицы Москвы и расположенного в Белоруссии Западного фронта. С расширением номенклатуры централизованных заготовок продуктов питания и нарастания транспортных затруднений роль Центральной России в деле снабжения еще более возросла.
Stability analysis of the high-order multistep collocation method for the functional integral equations with constant delays
Authors: Darania Parviz , Pishbin Saed
Published: January 2022

The results on the stability of recurrences play an important role in the theory of dynamical systems and computer science in connection to the notions of shadowing and controlled chaos. In this paper, stability properties of high-order multistep collocation method for functional integral equations of Volterra integral equations with constant delays type with respect to significant test equations are investigated.
The lack of polynomial stability to mixtures with memory
Authors: Alejandro Aguilar Leonardo Henry , Muñoz Rivera Jaime Edilberto , Gamboa Romero Pedro
Published: January 2022

We consider the system modeling a mixture of n materials with memory. We show that the corresponding semigroup is exponentially stable if and only if the imaginary axis is contained in the resolvent set of the innitesimal generator. In particular this implies the lack of polynomial stability to the corresponding semigroup.
The spectral polynomials of two joining graphs: splices and links
Authors: Celik Feriha , Sanli Utkum , Cangul Ismail Naci
Published: January 2022

Energy of a graph, firstly defined by E. Hückel as the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix, in other words the sum of absolute values of the roots of the characteristic (spectral) polynomials, is an important sub area of graph theory. Symmetry and regularity are two important and desired properties in many areas including graphs. In many molecular graphs, we have a pointwise symmetry, that is the graph corresponding to the molecule under investigation has two identical subgraphs which are symmetrical at a vertex. Therefore, in this paper, we shall study only the vertex joining graphsIn this article we study the characteristic polynomials of the two kinds of joining graphs called splice and link graphs of some well known graph classes.
Nuôi ăn hoàn hồi dịch tiêu hóa cho trẻ có dẫn lưu hai đầu ruột: Báo cáo ca bệnh
Authors: Hồng Nguyễn Thị Thuý , Thục Lưu Thị Mỹ , Hoàn Vũ Mạnh , Bảy Lường Hữu , Thơ Phạm Anh
Published: January 2022

Nuôi ăn hoàn hồi dịch tiêu hóa là đưa dịch tiêu hóa mất ra khỏi cơ thể trở lại đường tiêu hóa nhằm mục đích nuôi dưỡng. Phương pháp này sử dụng một đoạn nối nhân tạo ngoài cơ thể giữa hai đầu ruột dẫn lưu để thay thế cho đoạn ruột bị cắt, giúp tái thiết lập tạm thời sự liên tục của đường tiêu hóa và tái tưới máu cho đầu ruột dưới. Nuôi ăn hoàn hồi không những hạn chế biến chứng của nuôi dưỡng tĩnh mạch mà còn hạn chế mất nước, rối loạn điện giải và cải thiện tình trạng dinh dưỡng. Chúng tôi báo cáo một trường hợp bệnh nhi nam, 3 tháng tuổi, tiền sử xoắn ruột sơ sinh, đã được phẫu thuật cắt đoạn ruột và làm dẫn lưu hai đầu ruột tạm thời. Trong thời gian chờ phẫu thuật nối đoạn ruột, bệnh nhi đã được nuôi ăn hoàn hồi dịch tiêu hóa thay vì nuôi dưỡng tĩnh mạch toàn phần. Sau 5 tuần, bệnh nhi đã cải thiện tình trạng dinh dưỡng và thể trạng để có thể bước vào cuộc phẫu thuật nối đoạn ruột. Kết luận: Cần áp dụng nuôi ăn hoàn hồi để thiết lập nuôi dưỡng đường tiêu hóa sớm và hạn chế biến chứng của nuôi dưỡng tĩnh mạch kéo dài trên những bệnh nhi phẫu thuật cắt đoạn ruột.
Đặc điểm kiểu hình của cơn cấp rối loạn chuyển hoá bẩm sinh chu trình ure tại Bệnh viện Nhi trung ương
Authors: Hùng Nguyễn Việt , Dũng Vũ Chí , Nguyễn Ngọc Khánh
Published: January 2022

Với mục tiêu mô tả đặc điểm kiểu hình của cơn cấp rối loạn chuyển hóa bẩm sinh chu trình ure tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương, nghiên cứu mô tả chùm ca bệnh hồi cứu và tiến cứu trên 32 bệnh nhân có biểu hiện cơn cấp rối loạn chuyển hoá chu trình ure được chẩn đoán và điều trị tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương từ 2014 đến 6/2021. Đặc điểm lâm sàng: tuổi khởi phát trung bình là 25 tháng (3 ngày - 18 tháng), các biểu hiện của hội chứng não cấp với nôn (81,3%), bỏ bú (75%), giảm tri giác (71,9%), co giật (15,6%). Đặc điểm cận lâm sàng: tăng amoniac máu mức độ vừa (65,6%) với giá trị trung bình 402 µmol/l ((184 – 1304 µmol/l), tăng men gan (70%), giảm thời gian prothrombin (86,4%). Đa số bệnh nhân có cơn cấp đầu tiên nặng với 95% bệnh nhân tăng lactat máu và 33,3%  toan chuyển hoá. Kết luận: Cơn cấp rối loạn chuyển hoá chu trình ure có thể gặp ở mọi lứa tuổi với biểu hiện hội chứng não cấp. Xét nghiệm thường quy amoniac máu là cần thiết để tránh chẩn đoán muộn.
Yếu tố liên quan tới chất lượng cuộc sống liên quan đến sức khỏe của trẻ bị động kinh tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương
Authors: Mai Nguyễn Thị Thanh , Bình Phạm Thị , Nguyệt Đào Thị
Published: January 2022

Nghiên cứu cắt ngang được tiến hành tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương với 104 trẻ em và trẻ vị thành niên bị động kinh cùng cha mẹ nhằm mục tiêu khảo sát mức độ và những yếu tố liên quan tới chất lượng cuộc sống liên quan đến sức khỏe ở trẻ bị động kinh. Dữ liệu được thu thập bằng phỏng vấn phụ huynh và xem xét hồ sơ y tế. Chất lượng cuộc sống liên quan sức khỏe tổng quát được đánh giá bằng Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM 4.0 Generic Core Scale phiên bản tiếng Việt. Các yếu tố liên quan làm giảm chất lượng cuộc sống của trẻ bị động kinh bao gồm tình trạng học tập hiện tại, tuổi khởi phát, thời gian bị bệnh, số thuốc chống động kinh, tần suất điều trị nội trú, thời gian nằm viện, đáp ứng điều trị, học vấn và nghề nghiệp của cha mẹ. Nhận thức được điều này sẽ hữu ích cho các nhà chuyên khoa trong việc điều trị bệnh và cải thiện chất lượng cuộc sống của trẻ bị bệnh động kinh.
Hội chứng sảng ở người bệnh cao tuổi điều trị nội trú tại Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung ương
Authors: Nam Hoàng Thị Phương , Ngọc Trần Nguyễn
Published: January 2022

Nghiên cứu cắt ngang có mục tiêu mô tả một số tỉ lệ về hội chứng sảng ở người bệnh cao tuổi điều trị nội trú tại Bệnh viện Lão khoa Trung ương. 138 người bệnh nhận (i) trên 60 tuổi điều trị tại khoa cấp cứu và khoa hồi sức tích cực (ii) có thông tin đầy đủ về hành chính, tiền sử, bệnh sử, khám lâm sàng, các thông số cận lâm sàng; và (iii) gia đình và bản thân người bệnh đồng ý tự nguyện tham gia nghiên cứu. Kết quả cho thấy tỉ lệ sảng thường gặp ở nhóm tuổi 60 - 69 tuổi. Tỉ lệ nữ giới cao hơn nam giới. Tỉ lệ giảm khả năng tập trung chú ý ở nam cao hơn nữ giới hơn ở nữ giới (p = 0,04). Tỉ lệ nam giới mắc nhồi máu cơ tim cao, bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính, ung thư và có sảng cao hơn nhiều so với tỉ lệ nữ giới (p < 0,05). Nghiên cứu bước đầu cho thấy một số tỉ lệ về hội chứng sảng ở người bệnh cao tuổi điều trị nội trú tại bệnh viện Lão Khoa Trung Ương.
Tình trạng dinh dưỡng và thực trạng nuôi dưỡng của bệnh nhân suy tim cấp tại Viện Tim mạch Việt Nam 2020
Authors: Huế Nguyễn Thị , Tuấn Phạm Minh
Published: January 2022

Tình trạng dinh dưỡng của bệnh nhân suy tim cấp ảnh hưởng đến việc điều trị và phương pháp nuôi dưỡng trong thời gian nằm viện. Nghiên cứu trên 103 bệnh nhân, khi nhập viện tỷ lệ SDD theo BMI chung là 20,4%, ở nhóm suy tim cấp không phù SDD chiếm 20% (nam 22,2% cao hơn nữ là 15,4%). Tỷ lệ nguy cơ dinh dưỡng cao theo thang điểm mNUTRIC là 35,9%, tỷ lệ nguy cơ cao ở nam (30,3%) thấp hơn ở nữ (45,9%) sự khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê (p < 0,05). Trong 1 tuần nằm viện bệnh nhân giảm nhiều nhất 8kg và tăng nhiều nhất 7,3kg. Gián đoạn nuôi dưỡng chiếm 60,2%. Lý do gây gián đoạn cao nhất là tồn dư dịch dạ dày cao chiếm 33,9%, làm thủ thuật chiếm 26,2%. Khẩu phần ăn: Năng lượng thực tế đạt được cao nhất chiếm 66,5% lượng cung cấp. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân đạt mức năng lượng 25 - 30 kcal/kg/ngày thấp nhất vào ngày đầu tiên (6,8%), cao nhất vào ngày thứ 7 (17,2%). Cần chú ý đánh giá TTDD và khẩu phần ăn, gián đoạn nuôi dưỡng để có biện pháp can thiệp kịp thời.
Kiến thức, thực hành phòng lây nhiễm viêm gan B của người bệnh mới vào điều trị tại khoa viêm gan, Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy
Authors: Thi Lê Minh , Diễm Trần Thị
Published: January 2022

Khoa Viêm Gan Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy có 38-47% người bệnh bị viêm gan virút B trong tổng số  người đến khám và nhập viện điều trị viêm gan hàng năm. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm mô tả kiến thức, thực hành phòng lây nhiễm virus viêm gan B của người bệnh mới vào điều trị tại Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy. Nghiên cứu sử dụng thiết kế cắt ngang mô tả, kết hợp định lượng và định tính. Nghiên cứu định lượng thực hiện phỏng vấn 231 người bệnh từ 18 tuổi trở lên mới vào điều trị sử dụng bộ câu hỏi có cấu trúc soạn sẵn. Nghiên cứu định tính thực hiện 01 cuộc thảo luận nhóm tập trung với người bệnh và 02 cuộc phỏng vấn sâu cán bộ lãnh đạo khoa Viêm gan. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy người bệnh có kiến thức đạt về phòng lây nhiễm virus viêm gan B là 48,1% và thực hành đạt là 37,2%. Người bệnh có kiến thức đạt thì có thực hành về phòng lây nhiễm virus viêm gan B đạt cao gấp 2,6 lần so với người có kiến thức không đạt.  Kiến thức và thực hành dự phòng virus viêm gan B có mối liên quan chặt với người bệnh từ tỉnh khác ngoài thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, trình độ học vấn thấp, nghề nghiệp và thu nhập của người bệnh. Nghiên cứu khuyến nghị khoa Viêm gan của bệnh viện xây dựng kế hoạch và thực hiện công tác tư vấn phòng chống lây nhiễm virus viêm gan B cho toàn bộ người bệnh, chú trọng tư vấn về chế độ dinh dưỡng, cách phòng bệnh, đường lây, về xét nghiệm và tiêm phòng vắc xin.
Kết quả phẫu thuật nội soi sửa van hai lá điều trị bệnh hở van hai lá đơn thuần
Authors: Đạt Phạm Thành , Hựu Nguyễn Công , Hưng Ngô Thành , Nam Nguyễn Hoàng , Thành Lê Ngọc , Hưng Đoàn Quốc
Published: January 2022

Sửa van là phương pháp được ưu tiên trong phẫu thuật điều trị bệnh hở van hai lá nặng. Phẫu thuật tim hở nội soi trong những năm trở lại đây đang dần thay thế cách tiếp cận truyền thống qua đường xương ức. Nghiên cứu đánh giá tính khả thi, an toàn của phẫu thuật sửa van hai lá nội soi trong điều trị bệnh hở van hai lá đơn thuần tại Bệnh viện E. Trong 5 năm, 122 bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật sửa van hai lá theo phương pháp nội soi qua đường mở nhỏ ngực phải. Đặc điểm bệnh nhân, các kết quả ngắn hạn, biến chứng được phân tích và báo cáo. Tuổi trung bình: 54,5 ± 14,2 tuổi, nguy cơ phẫu thuật EuroSCORE II trung bình là 1,53 ± 1,30. Thời gian cặp động mạch chủ trung bình 117 ± 39 phút, chạy máy 181 ± 48 phút. Tỉ lệ sửa van hai lá thành công 96%. Tỉ lệ tử vong sớm là 2,5%. Phẫu thuật sửa van hai lá nội soi có thể được thực hiện an toàn với kết quả tốt.
Đặc điểm hình ảnh cắt lớp vi tính và cộng hưởng từ của u cuộn nhĩ
Authors: Trâm Nguyễn Thị Quỳnh , Khảng Lê Văn , Trang Đàm Thủy , Lưu Vũ Đăng
Published: January 2022

Mô tả đặc điểm hình ảnh của u cuộn nhĩ trên 16 bệnh nhân được chụp cắt lớp vi tính, cộng hưởng từ và phẫu thuật tại Bệnh viện Tai Mũi Họng Trung ương. Kết quả cho thấy triệu chứng lâm sàng thường gặp nhất là ù tai theo nhịp mạch (94%). Trên cắt lớp vi tính (CLVT), phần lớn u khu trú trong hòm nhĩ (81%). Tất cả các trường hợp u cuộn nhĩ không gây tổn thương chuỗi xương con, vỏ xương tĩnh mạch cảnh, động mạch cảnh trong, vỏ xương dây thần kinh mặt, các thành hòm tai. Trong số 16 bệnh nhân có 5 trường hợp được chụp cộng hưởng từ đều giảm tín hiệu trên DWI, ngấm thuốc đồng nhất sau tiêm. U đồng hoặc tăng tín hiệu so với cơ lân cận trên chuỗi xung T1W và T2W. Chẩn đoán hình ảnh trước mổ đánh giá vị trí u, liên quan với các cấu trúc lân cận là rất quan trọng để định hướng đường đi trong phẫu thuật. CLVT đánh giá tốt trong phần lớn các trường hợp. Cộng hưởng từ nên được sử dung kết hợp trong các trường hợp khi u có dịch đi kèm, không xác định được vị trí trên CLVT.
Gastric Cancer: Applicability and Feasibility of Molecular and Histological Classification in Clinical Practice
Authors: Marginean Esmeralda Celia
Published: January 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. GC is a heterogeneous disease with diverse molecular and histological subtypes, which, may have different therapeutic implications. Using sophisticated molecular technologies and analyses, 3 separate groups recently provided genetic and epigenetic molecular classifications of GC: Singapore-Duke, The Cancer Genome Atlas project (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG). These molecular classifications are time-consuming, complex, and costly and require sophisticated molecular technologies, which, prevent their widespread availability and use in clinical practice. Therefore, several practical pathological classifications were developed using immunohistochemical stains, fluorescent in situ hybridization and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which, approximate, albeit not perfectly, the molecular classifications of GC. These are simple algorithms, less expensive and easy to reproduce in any pathology laboratory. Both molecular and histological classifications should be used for choosing adequate therapy and stratification purposes in clinical trials. This is a review of current molecular and pathological classification of GC.
Practice-changing Clinical Studies in Prostate Cancer: an Update for the Medical Oncologist
Authors: Zaharie Laura Cristina
Published: January 2022

With new updates every year on cancer diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, the face of oncology is changing rapidly. With the new guidelines issued this year and, also, with the recently published phase III trials’ results, we aim to summarize key changes and updates for prostate cancer patients. We searched PubMed and international societies’ databases for recent articles and chose those with relevant information for everyday clinical practice. Our review includes assessments for specific diagnostic methods and the most recent treatment options available for prostate cancer.
Long Term Survival in Patients with Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Lung in the Era of Targeted Agents
Authors: Paul Doru , Rybstein Marrisa
Published: January 2022

"Background: Several studies have shown that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and chemotherapy improve the short term and median survival of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung (MAL), but there is less data on the long-term survival (LTS) of these patients.

Methods: A univariate retrospective analysis was performed on 174 patients with MAL diagnosed at our institution between 2009 and 2011, and with up to a 5-year follow-up. Overall survival was estimated using the product-limit method and drawing the Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using the log-rank test.

Results: Factors associated with a statistically significant survival benefit in our patients were: having undergone lung surgery, female gender, never smokers, bronchioalveolar histology, and lower TNM nodal stage. Particularly prior lung surgery was shown to improve survival in patients treated with erlotinib. This was also true when comparing patients from a historical cohort as well. Among patients with EGFR mutation, there was no statistically significant difference in survival amongst patients treated with either surgery or erlotinib.

Conclusion: In our patients with MAL the only treatment modality that improved LTS in a statistically significant way was lung surgery. This is an important finding as NCCN guidelines consider surgery as a treatment option only in MAL with isolated lesions."
The Impact of Oncology Rotation on Medical Students’ Perception of Cancer
Authors: Lungulescu Cristina , Dănciulescu Mihaela , Răileanu Ștefan
Published: January 2022

"Background: Cancer is a major health concern globally, with accelerated advancements in terms of understanding its physiopathology and treatment protocols. These rapid advancements make the determination of the ideal method of educating students in Medical Oncology increasingly difficult. The purpose of this research paper is to evaluate how students from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania perceive certain topics related to cancer and the specialty of Medical Oncology, in order to improve their education in this field.

Material & Methods: We compared questionnaires consisting of 28 scaled-response questions and one free-response question filled in by 40 students at the beginning and end of their oncology clinical rotation. The questions were assigned numerical values so that statistical analysis could be performed.

Results: After their clinical oncology rotation, students in the Faculty of Medicine had more confidence in diagnosing cancer (p=0.012), and had a better understanding of the implication of the side effects of treatment in patients who can no longer be cured (p=0.04). Students in the Faculty of Nursing were better able to understand the risks and benefits of treatment after their clinical oncology rotation (p=0.007) and had increased confidence in recognizing cancer symptoms (p=0.001).

Conclusion: The results of our study show that after clinical placement, students experienced an increase in empathy for cancer patients; correspondingly, there was an increased likelihood that students would consider oncology as a specialty in the future. Students began to recognize cancer as a chronic condition and were better able to consider the psychosocial issues after their clinical placement."
A Possible Abscopal Effect Of Radioimmunotherapy in a Patient With Advanced Oligometastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Rusu Petronela , Rusu Leonard Dominic , Togănel Cornelia
Published: January 2022

"Two randomized phase III studies provided cumulated long-term results, comparing second line treatment with Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the advent of modern immunotherapy (IO), the potential for even more immune activation by radiation therapy, inducing tumor specific immunity led to a novel role for radiotherapy in systemic disease.

This case proposes to evaluate the benefit of second line immunotherapy with Nivolumab, a PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, and hypofractionated radiotherapy, in a patient with advanced oligometastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung, with progressive disease after first line chemotherapy, and the analysis of a possible abscopal effect. A 50-year-old male, heavy smoker with a 30 years-pack index, presented with a history of left posterior thoracic pain. MRI identified an osteolytic lesion on the 10th rib and CT scan showed an additional 25 mm nodule in the left upper lobe (LUL) and a 7 mm nodule in the left lower lobe (LLL). Atypical resections of the nodules and resection of the osteolytic lesion of the rib were performed. The pathological examination revealed a G2 adenocarcinoma of the lung (ALK and EGFR negative) pT4Nx pM1 with metastases in the rib and pleura, with unspecified margins. Chemotherapy was administered, with complete response on imaging after 6 cycles of Gemcitabine/Carboplatin, and hematologic toxicity. After 7 ½ months a regional and distant progression of the disease with metastases on the 7th and 10th rib was revealed on PET-CT. Palliative hypofractionated radiotherapy was administered to a dose of 20 Gy/ 5 fr to the painful 7th rib metastasis and the patient started second line treatment with Nivolumab, 240 mg iv q2wks. Three years later, at his last follow-up in Nov 2021, the patient maintains a (PET)-CT complete response, with no adverse events.

A possible abscopal effect may be suspected in this case."
Magnetic Resonance Guided Radiotherapy (MRgRT) For Cardiac Lymphomas: Case Report and New Perspectives
Authors: Romano Angela , Cuccaro Annarosa , De Marco Eugenia , Boldrini Luca , Iafrancesco Mauro , D'Alo Francesco , Chiesa Silvia , Mazzarella Ciro , Hohaus Stefan , Balducci Mario
Published: January 2022

Cardiac lymphomas are extremely rare and have poor prognoses. Currently, there are no established guidelines for treatment and the main approaches include surgery, chemotherapy (CHT), possibly combined with radiotherapy (RT), and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). RT’s role is controversial and is not considered a standard approach. We describe the case of a patient diagnosed with cardiac lymphoblastic B- cell lymphoma/ acute Lymphoblastic B-cell leukemia and successfully treated with a multimodality approach, including CHT, RT, and ASCT. In particular, the patient was referred to magnetic resonance-guided RT (MRgRT), currently the most advanced available technology in the RT field, which maximizes therapeutic efficacy by exploiting the best soft-tissue resolution of the magnetic resonance images and efficient gating protocols during treatment delivery.
“Learning From Every Patient” – Countdown for the Next Congress of the European SocieTy for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)
Authors: Chirila Monica
Published: January 2022

Dr. Anna Kirby is the ESTRO President-Elect and a Consultant Clinical Oncologist working at the Royal Marsden and Institute of Cancer Research, UK. Dr. Kirby graduated from Cambridge University in 1995 with a first-class honors degree in Medicine and Psychology. She completed her oncology training at The Royal Marsden and Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals followed by a research degree at the Institute of Cancer Research. She specializes in the treatment of patients with breast cancer and leads research into novel breast radiotherapy techniques. She is Chief Investigator of the UK HeartSpare and HeartSpare Plus studies, and breast Lead Investigator on the UK CORE trial evaluating the role of stereotactic radiotherapy in treating metastatic disease.
以文字探勘與機器學習分析日本身分法學之發展
Authors: 黃詩淳 黃詩淳
Published: January 2022

有論者指出，戰後至今日本的身分法修正，多由民法學者、行政或司法體系的官僚或律師組成的法制審議會所主導，而少有議員提案立法，民間參與亦不多。亦即，身分法的修法多半由少數法律菁英主導，因此學者與學說可能影響修法至深。為了驗證此一現象是否存在，本文首先簡單整理日本的身分法修法變革。其次，為了觀察學說的演變，以及學說與修法的關係，本文採用實證量化之方法，使用1940年至2017年的2,154筆身分法相關書籍作為資料，以文字探勘、潛在狄立克雷分配（LDA）演算法，將此些書籍分成了5個主題，並配合出版日期，發現每個時期受關注的主題為何，以及修法前會發生特定主題關注度上升的現象。本文的貢獻在於，提供客觀且可重現的量化方法，從出版物的主題變化來觀察學說的關懷議題，以及此一變化與法律修正的互動，並展現了資料分析方法應用於中文以外之語言文本的可行性。
人壽保險之變更要保人與詐害債權行為之撤銷⎯⎯相關判決綜合評析
Authors: 葉啟洲 葉啟洲
Published: January 2022

人壽保險之要保人於契約存續中，辦理變更要保人為他人時，其變更要保人之行為，將使契約上權利義務由新要保人概括承受。如該保險契約已經累積有保單價值準備金，將產生保單價值準備金權益移轉與新要保人的結果。若因而導致原要保人之債權人難以受償。本文認為保單價值準備金為屬於要保人的確定財產上權益，且為其責任財產。若變更要保人已經影響原要保人清償能力時，債權人得依民法第244條之規定聲請法院撤銷其變更，但無請求回復原狀之必要。
都市計畫訴訟權能、禁止容積移入與景觀計畫⎯⎯兼評最高行政法院108年度上字第626號判決、臺北高等行政法院107年度訴字第384號判決（原審判決）
Authors: 王珍玲 王珍玲
Published: January 2022

都市計畫為涉及一定地域未來發展之綜合預測、評價與規劃，並決定都市之景觀及風貌之計畫。依現行法制，都市計畫應經專家學者組成之都市計畫委員會審議決定，卒由計畫核定機關為最終決議。決議機關依法享有判斷餘地，法院原則上僅得為適法性之監督。我國都市計畫法規因實體規範密度過低、缺乏計畫目標及原則性與指導性之規範，且未納入景觀之需求，機關、團體及民眾參與之程序又過於簡略，且欠缺利益衡量等規範，因而造成臺北高等行政法院107年度訴字第384號判決，對計畫法制若干原理有所誤認，以訾議規劃手段之方式，企達保障人民財產權之目的，幸嗣經最高行政法院108年度上字第626號判決廢棄。然「禁止容積移入」究否「直接」影響人民財產權？是否屬主觀公權利，而可准其為訴訟標的？實有進一步討論及釐清之必要。又原審判決認：「禁止容積移入」與「景觀維護」不具「正當合理關聯性」，不足以實現芝山岩風貌之「文化景觀及獨特風貌品質的維護」，是屬手段與目的之不相當，而有違於比例原則；然容積管制，確係控管都市景觀最主要方式之一。系爭案例因具有指標性意義，於判決後，司法院亦對其發布相關新聞稿1。本文試對系爭案例判決中若干內容加以評析，以解說計畫法制之若干特性，冀司法實務對計畫法制，此一跨領域專技學科有正確之認識，並籲景觀立法之迫切及必要性。
New Developments as Regards the Right of the Children to Be Heard in Civil Procedures in Spain
Authors: Carlos Esplugues Carlos Esplugues
Published: January 2022

按西班牙之國內法及國際法上均已明確規範，兒童作為當事人在該國之民事程序中具有陳述意見之權利；然而，法院對於該項原則欠缺明確、統一及一致的理解，涉及實現該項原則之數項議題也日益存在爭議。此一情形對該項原則之有效性將造成非常負面的影響，且可能影響兒童最佳利益之必要維護。本文分析國內法及國際法上有關民事程序中兒童陳述意見權，及西班牙法院實現該項原則之方式，並指明目前存在爭議與（或）誤解的領域。

The right of the minor to be heard in civil procedures involving him or her is very well enshrined in Spanish legislation both national and international to which Spain is a party. Nevertheless, the principle misses a clear, uniform and unanimous understanding by Courts and several issues relating to its practice are growingly under controversy. This has a very negative impact on the effectivity of the principle and may affect the minor and the necessary preservation of his or her best interest. This article analyzes the regulation-both national and international- of the right of the minor to be heard in civil procedures and the way it is implemented by Spanish Courts, stressing those areas in which exist controversies and/or missunderstandings.
礦業權還存續嗎？──亞泥花蓮採礦權的爭議
Authors: 李惠宗 李惠宗
Published: January 2022

亞洲水泥公司（下稱「亞泥」）原領有礦區位在花蓮縣新城鄉等地大理石礦採礦執照，有效期限至2017年11月22日屆滿。其後亞泥申請減區採礦，經濟部認系爭申請案符合規定核准該爭礦權展限（下稱「原處分」），有效期限延展至2037年11月22日止。
違法聘任與行政程序重開
Authors: 李仁淼 李仁淼
Published: January 2022

A師於2009年8月1日至2012年7月31日擔任Y國立大學（下稱Y大學）某系之系主任並為該系教評會委員。A師於上開任職期間，於100學年度上學期辦理聘任該系專任教師業務，於系教評會作成決議之後，指示系辦人員變更系教評會作成之決議，將決議正取之X變更為備取，並將備取之B變更為正取。
宣告董事違反捐助章程行為無效之訴之性質
Authors: 吳從周 吳從周
Published: January 2022

甲與乙均為財團法人臺灣某協會之董事，該協會於2016年8月某日召開董事會時，就案由：「為本會不動產有效管理及提升運用效率，擬配合立法院『要求○○部所指派之董事於董事會提案，將所屬財產及相關公司股權捐贈歸還國家』之決議，將本會不動產（A地及B屋），捐贈予國家」之提案，作成同意將A地捐贈中華民國之決議。乙同意該決議，其同意行為違反該協會捐助章程第○條規定，甲爰依民法第64條規定，求為宣告乙就A地捐贈國家之同意行為為無效之判決。
合法剎停與刑法第185條第1項之「他法」
Authors: 古承宗 古承宗
Published: January 2022

甲於市區道路駕駛汽車，緊跟在後的乙一直試著超車。甲對此心生不滿，欲藉機給乙教訓。甲行經某路口時，號誌由綠燈轉黃燈，儘管有充分時間緩慢剎車，卻是加速前進。看似趁閃黃燈時通過路口，但行至停止線時，甲突然急剎。原本以為甲會通過路口的乙跟著急剎，險些發生追撞。試問甲之剎停是否構成刑法第185條第1項的「他法」？
國際裁判管轄之決定方法──最高法院109年度台抗字第1084號裁定
Authors: 蔡華凱 蔡華凱
Published: January 2022

本件原告、再抗告人X等（均越南籍）主張，越南政府於2016年間公布河靜省及周邊省分海域含有苯酚及氰化物等毒化物之廢水，考察結果為被告、相對人我國法人Y1等違法排放所致，已侵害X及配偶等之生命權、健康權等。Y等我國法人為Y1之股東，外國法人Y2等則為本國法人Y集團控股公司所持股之公司。Y與Y2均應與Y1共負侵權行為責任等情，爰依越南法請求Y連帶賠償、停止污染行為、採取相對應措施去除污染、改善及修復環境。
定應執行刑與雙重處罰禁止及一事不再理之關係──評最高法院刑事大法庭110年度台抗大字第489號裁定
Authors: 陳文貴 陳文貴
Published: January 2022

已經裁判定應執行刑確定之各罪，如再就其各罪之全部或部分聲請另定應執行刑，形式上雖然係違反一事不再理原則。然基於數罪合併定應執行刑之規範目的，係在避免刑罰過度累計執行之弊害，以及數罪合併定應執行刑係為受刑人之利益而設之規範目的，亦同受不利益變更禁止原則之拘束。是如事實表明，檢察官係為受刑人之利益聲請，再就各罪之全部或部分重新分組排列組合，聲請法院重新更定應執行刑，而重新定應執行刑之總和，又非較高於原已經裁判定應執行刑確定各罪刑期之總和者，自無所謂對受刑人造成重複審問處罰，而違反雙重處罰禁止及一事不再理之可言。
EFL Learners' Readiness for and Satisfaction with E-learning in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Çam Esra , Çam Mutlu , Uzun Levent
Published: January 2022

With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning is a new, and therefore, a challenging experience for most university students in Turkey. Determining whether these students are ready for or satisfied with distance learning practices is essential for the stakeholders of higher education to design and implement it efficiently. This quantitative study aimed at investigating EFL learners’ readiness for and satisfaction with web-based English courses in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. It further aimed to examine the role of e-learning readiness on e-learning satisfaction. Data were collected through questionnaires from 169 EFL students taking online English courses at the A1 level in an intensive English programme in a state university in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings revealed that the study sample had an above-average level of readiness for and satisfaction with the English courses they took in virtual environments. Furthermore, e-learning readiness was found to be associated with e-learning satisfaction, and readiness for e-learning successfully predicted satisfaction with it. Important implications for school leaders and instructors are suggested based on the findings.

Keywords:  e-learning readiness, e-learning satisfaction, web-based English courses
Formação de professores para surdos no contexto sociopolítico atual
Authors: Da Silva Menezes Junior Antonio , Martins Alves Ibrahim
Published: January 2022

Este relato de pesquisa de cunho qualitativo objetivou investigar a dicotomia entre as políticas públicas brasileiras e a formação de professores para surdos, em uma instituição de educação especial conveniada. Específicos: averiguar os documentos disponibilizados; construir o perfil de formação dos professores; analisar os procedimentos utilizados na inserção dos docentes, qualidade do ambiente de trabalho e nível de satisfação. Resultado: Entre os 29 participantes, vários contrapontos entre o instituído e o instituinte (espaço físico, formação em Libras e continuada, regime de contratação, valorização profissional) foram nitidamente observados. Concluiu-se que, em função da Lei 10.436/2002 e Dec. 5.626/2005, houve alguns avanços na Educação Especial nas últimas décadas, contudo, inúmeras deficiências da educação brasileira e consequentemente da Educação Especial evidenciam as fragilidades e assimetrias entre a legalidade e a realidade concreta vivenciada pelos alunos surdos.
Formation of future economist professional competence in adaptive-digital environment conditions of higher educational institution
Authors: Sydoruk Liudmyla , Bakhmat Nataliia , Poberezhets Hanna , Misenyova Viktoria , Boyarova Olena
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the academic paper lies in assessing the state of formation of future economists’ professional competence within the conditions of the adaptive-digital environment of a higher educational institution. Methodology. The level of digitalization of higher educational institutions in Poland, the Czech Republic, Germany, and France has been assessed in the research. Based on the OECD database, the skills of specialists needed in the labor markets in different countries have been evaluated. Results. Within the countries, significant differences are observed in the level of digitalization, which will determine and influence the competence of a future specialist. The development of digital technologies in the HEI poses a threat and causes developing various groups of students - future economists’ skills. In practical activities, an economist should possess highly developed technical, digital, and mathematical skills. The lack of critical thinking skills among specialists (0,245 in the Czech Republic and 0,255 in Germany) or active learning is particularly acute. This means that the development of this skill requires time, which is limited within the conditions of digitalization of higher education. The lack of social skills developing the professional competence of economists has been also observed in the Czech Republic, France, and Germany.
Terapia de balón para manejo del dolor y sus efectos en el parto
Authors: Sanabria Martínez Efraín Eleazar , Ortiz Serrano Maricarmen , Chávez Barrios Nelson Edgardo , Gordon Gianlucca Paggi , Ventura Cornejo Fabiola Sofía , García Meléndez Zayra Geraldine
Published: January 2022

La terapia de balón, también conocida como esferodinamia, es un ejercicio que estira y relaja los músculos pélvicos al usar una pelota suiza, que, al ser incorporada al trabajo de parto, reduce la duración de su primera fase y disminuye el dolor. El objetivo de la revisión es describir su aplicación como medida no farmacológica para el manejo del dolor y sus efectos en la evolución del trabajo de parto. Para alcanzar esto, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica basándose en artículos científicos publicados en los últimos cinco años. Esta técnica no farmacológica ha demostrado beneficios en el manejo del dolor y la ansiedad materna. Durante el embarazo y el trabajo de parto, esta terapia promueve la corrección postural, la relajación y el estiramiento de los músculos del piso pélvico. Además, ayuda en el descenso y rotación de la cabeza fetal y aumenta la dilatación del cuello uterino, facilitando el parto natural. La terapia de balón reduce el tiempo de trabajo de parto y es una medida eficaz no farmacológica para el manejo del dolor. Así mismo, ayuda a corregir la presentación fetal y evita procedimientos obstétricos.
Cuidados paliativos y su influencia en la calidad de vida de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca
Authors: Escalón González Adriana Melissa , Escobar Chávez Emilio José
Published: January 2022

La insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva es parte importante de la morbimortalidad mundial. Estos pacientes pierden calidad de vida de manera considerable, particularmente por su trayecto impredecible. Los cuidados paliativos representan una oportunidad para mejorar el control sintomático y prevenir reingresos hospitalarios, especialmente en las fases avanzadas de la enfermedad (New York Heart Association III-IV). El objetivo de esta revisión es determinar la influencia de los cuidados paliativos en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca en enfermedad avanzada, puesto que se ha demostrado que sufren múltiples hospitalizaciones: 84% tendrá ≥1 en sus últimos 12 meses de vida, y el reingreso hospitalario a los 30 días posteriores al alta circunda 20-50 %. En general, reciben menos cuidados paliativos que los pacientes oncológicos, y al recibirlos lo hacen presentando una menor funcionalidad (p<0,001). Al implementar los cuidados paliativos aumenta la calidad de vida (p=0,03) y mejoran la depresión (p=0,02), la ansiedad (p=0,048) y la frecuencia de reingresos hospitalarios en comparación con el manejo usual, 33,63 % vs. 61 %, y visitas a emergencias, 35,0 % vs. 60,0 %. Múltiples evidencias señalan que la mortalidad no es influenciada (p>0,19, p>0,22). Según la bibliografía, se concluye que los cuidados paliativos deben ser implementados desde el diagnóstico de esta patología, puesto que ofrecen una mayor calidad de vida, especialmente en enfermedad avanzada.
Study of Generator Set Overload Protection System in Power Generation Units
Authors: Winardi Bambang , Nugroho Agung
Published: January 2022

The need for electrical energy in an industry is very important for the production process to run. To meet the demand for electrical energy, one can use a power source from PLN or use an independent power source by establishing a power plant. The Power Plant Unit is a unit that functions to provide electrical energy needs for the production process at PPSDM Migas. Electricity generation in the Power Plant Unit, namely Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel (PLTD) using a generator set that uses diesel fuel. A generator set or generator is a generator that has been equipped with a prime mover. Gensets that work continuously are certainly inseparable from disturbances such as the occurrence of overloads. Overload disturbance occurs because the amount of load power supplied by the generator is greater than the capacity of the working generator. Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) is one of the protective equipment used to protect generator sets. Inside the ACB there is Over Current Trip equipment that will work if there is an overload on the generator. The capacity of the generator used is 1000kVA/400V with a nominal generator current of 1443.38 A. Under normal load conditions, the installed load power is 354.5 kW with a load current of 639.6 A. Then at peak load conditions, the installed load power is 510,3 kW with a load current of 920.7 A. In both conditions, the load current does not exceed the nominal current of the generator so Over Current Trip does not instruct ACB to trip. However, it is possible for overload disturbances to occur if there is no coordination between the operator at the power plant and the load operator (refinery & utilities) so that the operation of the load is not controlled.