bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Financial-Accounting Methods for Prospecting the Lifetime Value of Hypermarket Business: A Critical Used of Geospatial Method
Authors: Bohari Abdul Manaf , . Malliga Marimuthu
Published: January 2020

Recently, the hypermarket profitability is an important issue for the world wide retailing industry with vast literature was found on its definitions, measurements, and models of studied. In general, majority of related work showed that various methodologies and models have been applied to evaluate the profitability of hypermarket, where more dominants on financial and accounting methods. Specifically, estimate the hypermarket profitability are always dominating by financial and accounting methods and approaches with finale attention on maximizing the customer lifetime value (CLV). In fact, most of traditional measurement have been used are interest rate, chuck rate, lease, as well as income and consumptions of consumers. However, a little attention has been given to using others variables, as well as spatial based measurement although it has big potential to contributes on prospecting the profitability of hypermarket. In addition, continuously, financial or accounting variables has been improved and reused in different ways where the method itself in overall is still remains as before. The objective of this paper is to overview the weakness of financial and accounting methods with focused on theoretical and applications issues of estimating hypermarket profitability. Secondly, this paper is aimed to suggest geospatial method as alternative ways for bridged the gap of existing works regarding the estimations of hypermarket lifetime value. By using geospatial variables as well as spatial method, this work will contributes on establish new ways of estimated the CLV of the hypermarket where spatial platform is function to visualized the real situations of financial and accounting information as well as it emerge in the real marketplaces. In future, the use of geospatial method will be brings new hope on better understanding on CLV especially how CLV can estimated by both financial-accounting and spatial variables.
Training the Creative Librarian in the Age of Technological Advancement
Authors: D. Onuoha Uloma , . Ukachi Ngozi
Published: January 2020

This paper examined the changes in librarianship brought about by advancement in technology especially as it relates to new work functions expected of librarians. The major objective of the study was to identify the role of curriculum in the training of creative and innovative librarians. The paper demonstrates that curriculum re-assessment in library schools is necessary for the mastery of knowledge needed for problem solving on which the basis of creativity and innovation lies. As a result, the paper concludes by recommending amongst others, that the curriculum of library schools be reviewed taking into consideration the current job requirements of librarians as this would empower librarians apply knowledge to problem solving, thereby bringing about creativity and innovation in library services. Library administrators should also encourage innovation and creativity by ensuring an enabling environment where staff is free to experiment with technology without fear of reproof.
Effectiveness of Knowledge Management in Achieving Success in Malaysian Government Agencies: A Literature Review
Authors: Azarian Mahdieh Sabaghpour , . Abdul Rahman Ahmad Dahlan
Published: January 2020

As knowledge is being accepted as an inseparable imperative strategy of organization, organizations look at knowledge as a power, which drives advantages to them. However, many organizations believe it is not about just the existence of knowledge but the organizational growth is being driven from the act of knowledge sharing. As modern economy, takes knowledge as a point to achieve project success, this competitive advantage is being utilized from the greater degree of inter-organizational utilization of information and data coupled with the harnessing of peopleâ€™s skills and ideas as well as their commitments and motivations. Therefore, it is undeniable that today's knowledge is an essential asset of every single company and it has become more important than land, labor or capital in todayâ€™s economy. This paper investigates on the importance of knowledge management in generating of project success by analyzing whether or not government companies and agencies in Malaysia practice Knowledge Management. In this regard, a research has been conducted amongst fifteen Malaysian governmental companies and agencies to find how effective project managers in Malaysian government companies, integrate Knowledge Management criteria and key success elements in order to achieve project success and gain success.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Gross Domestic Production (GDP) in Indian Economy
Authors: S.Gaikwad Pratibha
Published: January 2020

In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze the effects flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) arising from the implementation of liberalization polices (economic reform) on the gross domestic production (GDP) growth in Indian economy using a Cobbâ€“Douglas production function and ARDL method during the period 1990-2008. The empirical results show that in the long run there exists a long-run relationship among the growth of gross domestic production and its major determinants of the labour force, the real capital and the real foreign direct investment. Finding indicates that foreign direct investment has positive effect but small significant on Gross Domestic Production, while the labour force and capital have had the most effect on gross domestic production.
Marketing Theory: Overview of Ontology, Epistemology, and Axiology Aspects
Authors: Handriana Tanti
Published: January 2020

This article discusses about the marketing theory from the perspective of philosophy of science. The discussion focused on the aspects of the ontology, epistemology, and axiology. From the aspect of the ontology, it seems that the essence of marketing is a useful science and mutually beneficial for both the marketer and the stakeholders, or in other words that marketing knowledge is useful knowledge for the benefit of humankind that can be realized through the exchange process. Side of the ontology covers what the substance of marketing knowledge, the substance of truth and reality that is inherent with marketing. Meanwhile, aspects of epistemology cover a variety of approaches, methods, sources, structure and validation or marketing truth. Finally, axiology fields are related to ethics in marketing and marketing research. Marketing ethics and ethics in marketing research is a crucial matter, including in this case is trust.
Fraud Risk Factors of Fraud Triangle and the Likelihood of Fraud Occurrence: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Aghghaleh Shabnam Fazli , . Zakiah Muhammaddun Mohamed
Published: January 2020

The current research studies the usefulness of Cresseyâ€™s fraud risk factor framework adopted from SAS No. 99 to prevent fraud from occurring. In accordance with Cresseyâ€™s theory, pressure, opportunity and rationalization are existing when fraud occurs. The study suggests variables as proxy measures for pressure and opportunity, and test these variables using publicly available information relating to a set of fraud firms and a sample of no-fraud firms. Two pressure proxies and two opportunity proxies are identified and suggested to be significantly related to financial statement fraud. We find that leverage and sale to account receivable are positively related to the likelihood of fraud. Audit committee size and board of directorsâ€™ size are also linked to decrease the level of financial statement fraud. A binary logistic model based on examples of fraud risk factors of fraud triangle model measures the likelihood of financial statement fraud and can assist experts.
The Influence of Techno stress and Organizational-Is Related Support on User Satisfaction in Government Organizations: A Proposed Model and Literature Review
Authors: Ibrahim Hadziroh , . Nur Zahiyah Othman
Published: January 2020

Empirical evidence on the issue of satisfaction towards certain computer applications or systems has guided organizations in the implementation process of information systems (IS). What is more important, findings of the previous studies in the IS field have proved that user satisfaction is one dimension of IS success and needs to be carefully managed during the implementation process. Consequently, organizations are increasingly concerned about ensuring that employees have gained satisfaction about the IS that they use. Organizations also need to investigate user opinions about the system, and where its faults lie. Though there are a great number of studies on IS, little attention has been given to the influence of technostress and organizational IS-related support on IS success in government organizations of Malaysia. Two hypotheses were generated from the previous studies which link technostress, organizational IS-related support with user satisfaction. These hypotheses will be tested in the future. The results from the research would contribute useful insights in EHRM studies. Particularly, the results would help the government organizations in Malaysia to improve their implementation of HRMIS.
Mobile Learning Business Model Framework
Authors: Nasiri Alireza
Published: January 2020

M-learning has become more and more important but still is a young educational and economical (Edu-Eco) technology. M-learning strategies are aimed at economic, academic and technological objectives, however they lack in modeling ensured economic measurements in the sense of profitable products. Throughout this paper, we discuss the prime categories of elements that participate in the m-learning value net and give an overview of their business models. In addition to considering the mobile and e-learning business, business models, we deconstruct the m-learning value net, and also use a literature review in order to identify different actors in a business model for M-learning.
Trend of BS 8900: 2006 Guidance for Managing Sustainable Development Application in Thai Logistics Service Providers
Authors: Ponanake Pareeyawadee
Published: January 2020

The research aimed to study 1) the opinions of Thai logistics provider towards BS8900:2006 Guidance for Managing Sustainable Development and 2) the trend of Thai logistics providers towards the application of BS8900:2006 Guidance for Managing Sustainable Development. Populations were Freight Forwarding service providers on the list of Thailandâ€™s logistics service providers for freight forwarding service and TIFFA including international logistics company i.e. UPS, DHL, TNT and FedEX. The sample groups were random by multi stage sampling. The size of sample group was 168 persons. The research methods were questionnaires which were analyzed by percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, and inferential statistics perfuming by Logistic Regression. The research found that 1) the opinions of Thai logistics providers towards BS8900:2006 Guidance for Managing Sustainable Development was strongly agreement 2) The probability of application of BS8900:2006 Guidance for Managing Sustainable Development was increased 2.134 times and the accuracy of forecast was 84.5%
A New Model of Green Purchase Intention and its Derivatives: Confirmatory Factor Analysis Validation of Constructs
Authors: Haruna Victoria Masi
Published: January 2020

There are various research frameworks found in the extant literature on green purchase intention. However, there is limited and fragmented comprehensive green purchase intention model in previous studies. Furthermore, the predictor variables and their constructs were diverse and were not tested in Nigeria. This study intends to confirm a comprehensive structural model of purchase intention and validating the constructs in Nigeria. The framework consists of five exogenous predictors (perceived green knowledge, government regulation, perceived value, and price sensitivity, green availability) and four endogenous (green purchase intention, perceived behavior control, environmental consciousness and green trust) Over-all, 76-items measure the variables adapted meticulously from various validated instruments. The questionnaires were distributed to 130 Nigerians in UUM. A return of 104 questionnaires was collected representing 80% response rate. Analysis methods using descriptive statistics, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in AMOS were conducted. The CFA of individual construct establishes adequate goodness fit of p-value >0.05 and GFI of more than 0.90. The Cronbach alpha also shows values above 0.80 indicating reliable constructs. The measurement model of exogenous and endogenous constructs achieves goodness of fit, indicating convergent validity. The CFA of exogenous constructs (p-value= 0.325, GFI= 0.903 and RMSEA=0.025) and endogenous constructs (p-value= 0.135, GFI= 0.914 and RMSEA=0.045) show adequate goodness of fit indices. This study is limited to the Nigerian students in UUM only; therefore a study with larger sample is suggested. It implies that this study could provide better understanding of the term â€œgreenâ€ among Nigerians. The study will be an impetus to upgrade government policy on green agenda and practitioners too will have insights on what marketing strategies to use in reaching out to potential consumers with green products. Previous studies lack holistic approach to green purchase intention model. The finding indicates that previous measurements could be adapted in Nigerian context.
The Effect of Exchange Rates on Agricultural Goods for Export: A Case of Thailand
Authors: Tulasombat Sirikul , . Somchai Ratanakomut
Published: January 2020

This paper examined the relationships between exchange rates and the volumes of Thailandâ€™s top two majors agricultural goods export which were rice and rubber exports. The results indicated that exchange rates had negative significant effects on Thailandâ€™s agricultural goods export volumes. Results also showed that the exchange rates influenced total agricultural, rubber, and rice goods export volumes respectively. For the qualitative research, interviewing 17 business men who came from rice exports companies 6 persons and from rubber exports companies 11 persons used the in-depth interview. The results showed the effect of exchange rate had strong fluctuation then exporters could not handle it on time, and make the problems all parts of working in companies. Moreover, the best way to do hedging exchange rate risk for exporters, Companies had to book the forward contact in order to reduce the risk.
Assessing Consumer Preferences for Organic Vegetables: A Case Study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Khai Huynh Viet
Published: January 2020

An increase in consumerâ€™s demand for environmental and health quality has generated the movement of organic agriculture in terms of high-value products. Understanding consumer preferences is very necessary and important for policy-makers to design appropriate policies promoting and developing organic agriculture. This study employed a dichotomous choice contingent valuation model to analyze consumerâ€™s willingness to pay for organic vegetables in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Results indicated that the majority of consumers were interested in organically grown products and willing to pay an average price premium of 59% for organic vegetables. Consumers concerned about health and food safety were more likely to purchase and those who have high household income and education also accepted to buy organic vegetables with higher price than conventional ones.
The Situational Leadership Behavior, Organizational Culture and Human Resources Management Strategy in Increasing Productivity of Private Training Institutions
Authors: Pasaribu Fajar
Published: January 2020

This study aims to analyze the relationship of situational leadership behavior with the organizational culture; the influence of situational leadership behavior and organizational culture on implementation of human resource management strategies; the effect of the implementation of the strategy of human resource management on productivity; the influence of situational leadership behavior, organizational culture and the implementation of human resource management strategies on the productivity of private vocational training institutes. While the type of research are descriptive and verificative using explanatory survey. The data collection is done using questionnaires, documentation and interviews, while the sampling technique used a Likert Summated Rating. The unit of analysis is the field of operation and delivery of training services and fields of administration. Data analysis is using path analysis. The results showed that the situational leadership behaviors significantly correlated with the organizational culture; the situational leadership behavior and organizational culture have a significant effect simultaneously and partially on the implementation of human resource management strategies in private vocational training institutions; the implementation of human resource management strategies have a significant effect on productivity improvement of private vocational training institutions; the situational leadership behavior, organizational culture and the implementation of human resource management strategy that have a significant effect simultaneously and partially to the increased productivity of private vocational training institutions in North Sumatera province.
Effect of Organisational Structure and Competition on Organisational Performance in Libyan Commercial Banks
Authors: Elnihewi Ismail , . Rapiah Mohamed
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates the relationship between contingency factors (organisational structure and competition) and organisational performance within Libyan commercial banks. 154 usable questionnaires from branch managers of Libyan commercial banks were investigated for the hypotheses of study. The results of this study indicate that the relationship between organisational structure and organisational performance is significant and positive. In contrast, the results of the study found that the relationship between competition and organisational performance is negative and insignificant.
The Influence of Credit Period and Interest Rates on the Interest of Home Ownership Credit Users in PT. PANIN Bank (PERSERO) TBK
Authors: Daga Rosnaini
Published: January 2020

This study aims to examine the influence of credit period and interest rates on mortgages usersâ€™ interest in PT. Panin Bank (Persero) Tbk. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS, which was processed based on the tabulated results of the observation sheet. From the analysis of the influence of credit period and interest rates on mortgages usersâ€™ interest in PT. Panin Bank (Persero) Tbk. Makassar branch, it can be concluded that the term and interest rates have a positive effect on mortgages usersâ€™ interest in the bank. The increase of the time limit will also increase the interests of customers. On the other hand, the increase of interest rates will decrease the interest of users. From these two researched variables, the most dominant variable affecting the mortgages usersâ€™ interest in PT. Panin Bank (Persero) Tbk. Makassar branch is interest rates, because interest rates have the greatest t-count compared to the t-count of credit period. Therefore, it can be proposed that one of the most dominant variables affecting the interest of the mortgages users in the bank is the interest rates.
Recapitalization Effectiveness and Performance of Banks in Malaysia
Authors: Ernovianti Etri , Ahmad Nor Hayati Binti , Mazlan Ahmad Rizal
Published: January 2020

Recapitalization through capital injection is one of the strategies for banks to strengthen their banking system from the possibility of bank failures. Banks cannot deny that capital is one of the most important components to run their business. In spite of that, few studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of such strategy on Asian banks. This paper investigates the effectiveness of capital injection in the Malaysian banking sector which was adversely hit by the financial crisis. Panel data from 1997 to 2014 was used. The financial data is obtained from annual reports published in Bank Scope and The World Bank database. The data were processed using Panel Least Square and Random effect model. The empirical analysis reveals that, GDP, CAR, previous year capital injection and loan write-off (LWO) explain 89.6 percent of the variance in capital injection effectiveness. CAR and LWO/TA are significant at 5 percent confidence level. The evidence from the results shows that recapitalization is vital for long term survival of the banking sector. The study recommends that in order to improve the profitability of banking sector, the banks should write off bad loans and ensure they have adequate capital either through capital injection, or growth to withstand financial risks.
Regionâ€™s Financial Accounting Information System and the Quality of Local Government Financial Reports
Authors: Rahman Abdul , Fachri Zulkifli
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to analyze the use of regionâ€™s financial accounting information system to the quality of local government financial reports. The quality of the financial statements includes the relevance, reliable, comparable, and understandable. The dependent variable in this study is the quality of local government financial reports, while the independent variable in this study is the regionâ€™s financial accounting information system. This research method is qualitative research with this type of approach theoretical studies that the methods used to collect data or resources related to the topics in a study. Data obtained from journals, thesis, books, and various other literatures related to the study. The results showed that the use of local financial information systems positive effect on the quality of local government financial reports.
Experiential Marketing and Marketing Performance of Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages in Nigerian Breweries PLC
Authors: Ozuru Henry N. , E. Akahome Joy
Published: January 2020

Abstract: This paper provided a theoretical review on how Nigerian Breweries uses its range of products to influence customer buying decision. This study examines the benefit of customer engagement and helps to understand the role of emotional benefit on marketing performance of beverages in the Nigerian Breweries plc. Experiential marketing play an important role in the industrial sector of a country, but faced with lots of constraints that impede its development and growth. These constraints include execution and also having creative ideas. How can a marketer generate interesting ideas that would help to pull sales for the brand? And how much cost should be incurred to project a huge life time customer experience in other to generate sales for a brand over a short time. This has led to inconsistencies in the continuation of events or shows by the company. The trend of experiential marketing is growing tremendously. The primary reason behind this is the exceptional procedures used by these services to allow one get focus from customer base and build relationship with them. Experiential marketing campaign is practically done anywhere. Therefore, previous studies suggest that most organizations did not take experiential marketing as an essential part of their marketing communication strategy; But with the change in communication process away from one way communication to two way communication and brands wanting immediate feedbacks for communication efforts, experiential marketing has now become a critical component of marketing efforts. We recommend that effective and efficient experiential marketing should be employed as a strategy to enhance marketing performance.Keywords: Experiential Marketing, Marketing Performance, Nigerian Breweries, Consumer Behaviour, Engagement
Unpacking the Syrian Crisis: A Literature Review
Authors: Musarurwa Hillary Jephat , Kaye Sylvia Blanche
Published: January 2020

Abstract: The Syrian war has raged on for more than 4 years now and the global citizenry had decided to keep quiet until recently(Grover, 2015). This paper sets out to explain the Syrian crisis and analyse it in relation to how it affects the global citizenry. It will also lay down the events that have fuelled the crisis, explain some underlying issues and discuss the best possible solutions to address it. When Syrian Arab Spring-type protest erupted experts wrongly predicted that they will frizzle out. What initially started off as protests later became a civil war. The crisis had all the features of a Cold War before the direct involvement of the super powers. The causes of the Syrian crisis are as complex as the different players in it. These key issues go beyond the events of March 2011, which triggered the first shots in Daraa. If this crisis continues uncontrolled it could escalate into World War III. Its end is pinned on the political will and commitment to implement the Vienna Statement of October 30, which incorporates by reference the 2012 Geneva Communique. The lack thereof was witnessed during the short-lived ceasefire of September 2016.Keywords: Syria crisis, humanitarian disaster, migrants, cold war
An Investigation into the Implications of Islamic Work Ethic (IWE) in the Workplace
Authors: Yesil Salih , . Ozkan Dogan
Published: January 2020

There has been an increasing interest on the work ethics and its various aspects among the academicians and practitioners. This is partly because of the ethical scandals that have occurred in the recent years and got attention from media and public and therefore raised the questions regarding ethical standards of companies and its practical use in the business life. This interest has prompted several research into the topic both theoretical and practical levels. Although the studies have accumulated in the Western World, the studies coming from the developing countries are limited and thus call for the studies to further investigate the dynamics and implications of the work ethics. This study particularly pays attention to Islamic work ethic and aims to identify whether Islamic work ethic values differ across various demographic variables and firm characteristics. The study also investigates the relationship between the Islamic work ethic and innovation capability and firm performance. The study is supported with a field study conducted on the firms operating in KahramanmaraÅŸ in Turkey. The obtained data was analyzed by using Correlation, ANOVA, T-test and Regression in SPSS. The results showed that IWE values differ across some characteristic of the respondents and firms. The results also indicate the positive influence of IWE values on innovation capability and firm performance.
Dynamics of Push and Pull Factors of Migrant Workers in Developing Countries: The Case of Indonesian Workers in Malaysia
Authors: Djafar Fariastuti
Published: January 2020

Low income and high unemployment in labour sending countries and high income and low unemployment in labour receiving countries are frequently justified as push and pull factors of migrant workers, respectively. Indonesia is the main labour-exporting country to Malaysia but the studies on the push factors in Indonesia and the pull factors in Malaysia are very limited. This paper has three objectives. The first objective is to examine the long-run relationship among income and unemployment in Indonesia and Malaysia and the Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. This is followed by examining the causality between the variables in the second objective, and the extent to which income and unemployment in Indonesia and Malaysia determine the Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia in the third objective. Time series data were employed and analysed by utilizing the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) framework. The findings show a long-run relationship among income and unemployment in Indonesia and Malaysia and the Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. Only unidirectional causality is found in the long-run, which is from income and unemployment in Indonesia and Malaysia to Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. The findings also show that the Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia are significantly determined by income and unemployment, positively in the case of Indonesia, and negatively, in Malaysia.
Inequality in the Context Development Theories: Dependencia Theory and Washington Consensus
Authors: Charles-Coll Jorge A.
Published: January 2020

This paper describes the characteristics of two important development theories: The Dependencia theory and the Washington consensus as a policy guideline for promoting development, and analyzes the role that inequality plays on their postulates according to the results from the previous analysis. This theoretical exercise is intended to illustrate the relevance of issues related to inequality on any set of policies that intend to generate development and discusses the fact that inequality does matter for growth due to the fact that distributional issues are embedded in the basic principles of economic systems. Any growth promoting policy should incorporate distributional arguments as an element that generates optimal conditions for economic growth by hampering the negative effects on the economy of high income inequality levels.
The Influence of Servant Leadership on Organization Culture, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Employeesâ€™ Performance (Study of Outstanding Cooperatives in East Java Province, Indonesia)
Authors: Harwiki Wiwiek
Published: January 2020

The purposes of this research to investigate the influence of Servant Leadership to Organization Culture, Organizational Commitment, OCB and Employeesâ€™ Performance on Outstanding Cooperatives in East Java Province. Samples were collected amount 249 employees as unit samples. 30 managers as informant were asked to answer Employeesâ€™ Performance variable. Servant Leadership, Organization Culture, Organization Commitment and OCB variables were answered by employees. Structural Equal Modeling is used as a technique of analysis. The research findings: Servant Leadership influences to Organization Culture, Organizational Commitment, and Employeesâ€™ Performance significantly, but not to OCB; Organization Culture influences to OCB and Employeesâ€™ Performance significantly; Organizational Commitment influences to OCB significantly, but not to Employeesâ€™ Performance; OCB influences to Employeesâ€™ Performance significantly. The dominant indicators contribute to variables are: people orientation to Servant Leadership, power distance to Organization Culture, continuance commitment to Organizational Commitment, civic virtue to OCB, and individual attitude to Employeesâ€™ Performance. Servant Leadership encouraging employees easier, conducting their tasks better and building the organization values thus employees done their job well, honest and increasing their performance. Managers should be more empower themselves to help fellow workers help others voluntarily, fostering sportsmanship, altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy, and civic virtue of the employees.
Gender differences in Working Capital Management amongst Small Business Owners in Uganda
Authors: Orobia Laura A.
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine gender differences on the effect of individual attributes on working capital management amongst small business owners. Based on a sample of 360 owner-managers of small businesses in the central business district of Kampala, the results show as follows. There are significant gender differences in perceived usefulness and attitude. Secondly, males and females do not statistically differ in terms of impulsivity. Thirdly, perceived usefulness significantly influences working capital management for females but not males. Fourthly, attitude significantly influences working capital management for males but not females. Lastly, the effect of impulsivity on working capital management is stronger for females than males. However, paucity of studies on the input perspective of working capital management limited crossvalidation of the findings with previous research. Future studies should be conducted to confirm the results. At policy level, understanding gender differences on the effect of the identified driving forces should be of interest to practitioners and policy makers in their effort to enhance small business management through developing appropriate gendered policies. This study contributes to the dearth of evidence of working capital management literature by investigating the effect of individual attributes as opposed to the conventional financial ratios.
Comparative Analysis of the Determinants and Behaviour of Investment Demand between South Africa and Zimbabwe
Authors: Malumisa Sambulo
Published: January 2020

The study investigates the determinants of private investment in South Africa and Zimbabwe employing annual data over the 1980-2010 periods. The influence of gross domestic product (GDP), government debt, inflation, and interest rate policies are considered. Applied vector autoregressive and error correction models are used to estimate long- and short-run relationships among variables. The results suggest that GDP has a positive effect on private investment. Government debt has a crowding out effect on private investment, and inflation is shown to negatively affect investment. Increases in interest rates discourage private investment in South Africa
An Empirical Study of Service Delivery within the Provincial Hospital of Kwa-Zulu Natal South Africa-A case Study
Authors: Deen A.
Published: January 2020

Health care services are an essential component of South African government policy and this is regulated by the Health Act, Act 61 of 2003. The study explores the services offered by the Provincial Hospital KwaZulu Natal, South Africa in relation to service delivery and management practices. The key participants to the study are the patients and staff of the hospital. A structured questionnaire to the patients and departmental heads of the hospital was applied. A structured interview was conducted with strategic level management of the hospital. The results of the study were organized thematically and were triangulated between the results of the various data collecting instruments. A presentation of graphs and tables would be used to facilitate the results of the data. The paper provides sound conclusions and recommendations for efficient and effective management and service delivery within the provincial hospital and which are applicable to many of the provincial hospitals in the country.
Barriers to Student Entrepreneurship in South Africa
Authors: Shambare Richard
Published: January 2020

As rising unemployment levels continually erode job opportunities in South Africa, it is sensible to assume that entrepreneurship would be considered as the next-best career option; however, university graduates show very little interest in becoming entrepreneurs. Having observed this disinterest, South African economic policies have put in place initiatives encouraging youth entrepreneurship; however, these have failed to significantly affect the willingness to engage in entrepreneurial activities. It is against this background that this paper investigates barriers to entrepreneurship as experienced by students. A survey of 235 university students was conducted. Their views regarding entrepreneurship were collected by means of self-completion questionnaires and studied using cluster analysis. It was concluded that a taxonomy of two distinct categories of student exist â€“ sceptics and optimists â€“ based on respondentsâ€™ predispositions to entrepreneurship barriers. The author identifies the themes that underlie the formation of the taxonomy, namely, family and social influence, exposure to entrepreneurial activity, entrepreneurial support, and education. The paper concludes with a discussion of practical solutions and strategies to mitigate the problem of a lack of student entrepreneurship.
Returns to Education and Earning Inequality Nexus: A Micro-Econometric Analysis for Pakistan
Authors: Sarwar Ghulam , . Muhammad Saeed Hashmi
Published: January 2020

This study investigates nexus between returns to education and earning inequality in Pakistan. The study utilizes quantile regression method to demonstrate how effect of different levels of education varies across conditional earning distribution. The results show that education plays a significant role in determination of within group earning inequality at all levels of education. Within group earning inequality is higher within the individuals having tertiary education as compared to the individuals having secondary and primary education. The earning inequality does not remain constant within the education groups during 2005-07. Moreover, education also causes earning inequality between educational groups. The findings of the study reveal that education has a positive effect on within as well as between groups earning inequality.
Determinants of Migrantsâ€™ Savings in the Host Country: Empirical Evidence of Migrants living in South Africa
Authors: Makina Daniel
Published: January 2020

The paper uses a data set of Zimbabwean migrants living in South Africa to investigate the saving behaviour they exhibit in the host country. Having observed that these migrants comprise those that do save in the host country and those that do not save at all, the paper employs a Tobit function that is capable of modelling the savings level as function of migrant characteristics. The results observed are that the level of migrant savings in the host country is positively related to migrant income level, return migration intentions, number of dependents in the host country, remittance level and access to banking services, and is negatively related to the age of the migrant, number of dependents in the home country, migrant length of stay, migrant legal status, and frequency of home visits. Interestingly, the savings behaviour of migrants in the host country mirrors the remittance behaviour in many respects.
Application of the Human Capital Life-Course Theory to Understand Generation Y South Africansâ€™ Money Attitudes
Authors: Duh Helen I.
Published: January 2020

The life-course approach is a current use of an interdisciplinary and a multi-theoretical framework to study how childhood experiences, especially family experience affect later-life attitudes and consumer behaviour. One childhood family experience believed to be strongly driving later-life attitudes and values, and studied under the human capital life-course theoretical perspective is family resources received during childhood. This study uses the human capital life-course theoretical perspective to study how family resources received during childhood affect later-life money attitudes of a large and lucrative market segment like Generation Y South Africans, especially as their money attitudes can influence varied consumer behaviour. Survey results from 826 subjects showed that they scored high in the security and budget money attitudes. Family resources received during childhood negatively impacted on their symbolic (status, achievement and worry) money attitudes and had a strong positive impact on their conservative (budget and security) money attitudes.
The Adoption of WhatsApp: Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Technological Poverty in South Africa
Authors: Shambare Richard
Published: January 2020

Although research clearly demonstrates that consistent technology usage is correlated to socioeconomic development, the Vicious Cycle of Technology Affordability and Non-adoption impedes the uptake of ICTs in many developing countries. In South Africa, however, one Smartphone messaging application, WhatsApp, appears to have broken this vicious cycle. This paper argues that, given that promoting the uptake of ICTs is a developmental imperative for emerging economies, studying the adoption and diffusion patterns of WhatsApp provides invaluable insights into ICT usage within the context of a developing country. This study modelled the factors influencing the adoption of WhatsApp among South African youths. Some 192 students participated in the study by means of a self-completion questionnaire developed from the Technology Acceptance Model. Structural equation modelling tested the proposed theoretical model. Results suggest that a combination of cost efficiency, simplicity, userfriendly features, and the ability to run on multiple platforms influences and promotes usersâ€™ attitudes and behavioural intentions to adopt WhatsApp.
Determinants of Employees Job Satisfaction in Polish Enterprises: Findings of Empirical Studies
Authors: LemaÅ„ska-Majdzik Anna , OkrÄ glicka MaÅ‚gorzata
Published: January 2020

Employees' job satisfaction is influenced by a number of diverse determinants which are related with the work performed by an employee, depend on individual characteristics of an employee, and result from the features of the environment in which a given organisation is functioning. Job satisfaction affects the functioning of an enterprise, its competitiveness and profitability, and high level of employees' satisfaction may be a key factor impacting the success of the whole organisation. The aim of the paper is to show which determinants of job satisfaction, and at what level, can be distinguished among employees of Polish enterprises, depending on selected variables. A questionnaire survey conducted in 2015 on a group of 158 enterprises enabled identification of statistical dependences and verification of formulated research hypotheses which defined, among other things: the impact of the determinants of employees' job satisfaction depending on the age of a company, its size, or period of employment of its employees.
The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Culture and Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the Banking Sector
Authors: Atiku Sulaiman Olusegun , Fields Ziska
Published: January 2020

Business sustainability of services-rendering organisations is one of the major concerns for those at managerial levels world-wide. This paper offers explanations on how best to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by communicating entrepreneurial values through human resource development programmes in the banking industry. The research reported in this paper adopted a non-experimental research design of ex post facto type, utilising a correlational approach with advanced explanatory design. Based on the principle of convenience sampling, 380 questionnaires were distributed to employees of two Nigerian banks. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested using inferential statistics via two statistical software packages: the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23 and the IBM SPSS Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) version 23. The results show that human resource development partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial culture and sustainable competitive advantage in the Nigerian banking sector. The results suggest an enhancement of entrepreneurial values through continuous learning and development programmes toward sustainable competitive advantage. It is recommended that sustainability of banks operating in Nigeria could be enhanced by communicating and managing entrepreneurial orientations through effective learning and development programmes. Ambidextrous banks will require creativity, innovation and proactive capabilities in the process of exploiting and exploring both current and future business opportunities for sustained competitive advantage.
The Role of Economic Factors in the Choice of Medical Providers in Rwanda
Authors: Ruhara Charles Mulindabigwi , Mbonigaba Josue
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of economic factors in choosing alternative service providers and to recommend suitable measures that could be taken to improve the use of health services in Rwanda. The study uses a multinomial logit framework and employs the Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV2) conducted in 2005 by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). To handle the problem of endogeneity, we estimate a structural model. The results indicate that health insurance is an important factor in the choice of health facilities. User fees are major financial barriers to health care access in Rwanda. The results suggest that as household income increases, patients shift from public to private health facilities where quality is assumed to be high. A number of policy recommendations emerge from these findings. First, as insurance is an important factor in choosing a health care facility, policies that reduce health care costs to patients would substantially increase the use of health services. Second, since an increase in income allows the patient to shift to private facilities, the government should consider subsidizing private health facilities to enable access to care in private sector facilities by low-income households. Finally, since distance affects access to health care in Rwanda, there is a need to improve geographical accessibility to health facilities across regions by upgrading and expanding transportation and health infrastructures.
Joint Modeling of Poverty of Households and Malnutrition of Children Under Five Years from Demographic and Health Survey Data: Case of Rwanda
Authors: Habyarimana Faustin , Zewotir Temesgen , Ramroop Shaun
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated to malnutrition of children under five years and poverty and assess the correlation between them. We created a composite index from three anthropometric indictors (stunting, underweight and wasting).A multivariate joint model using the generalized linear mixed model was utilized for the analyses of the data. Child age, birth order of the children, the gender of children, birth weights of the children, multiple birth of the child, fever, anemia of the mother, body mass index of the mother, motherâ€™s education level, motherâ€™s knowledge on nutrition, age of household head, source of drinking water, toilet facilities, place of residence of household, source of drinking water and province were found to be significantly related to poverty and malnutrition. The study revealed a positive correlation between poverty of household and malnutrition of children less than five years
An Application of the Marketing Mix and Online Marketing as a Business Strategy for SMME Cafes in South Africa
Authors: Gujral Meenakshi , Rauzela Monwabisi , Chuchu Tinashe
Published: January 2020

The objective of the study was to examine the impact of marketing mix and online marketing on SMME cafes in South Africa as a marketing strategy. The study was an exploratory research design which sought to get new insights into the activities of how marketing strategies could be adopted into the SMME's in South Africa. Convenience sampling technique was used in selecting 5 small to medium cafes from Braamfontein, located in the Centre of Johannesburg, South Africa. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was in form of focused group discussions and interviews to elicit information for the study, while the secondary data was culled from other related works, libraries as well as information from the internet. Qualitative research approach was adopted in analysis of the data. The study has proven that cafe owners or brand strategists do implement an integrated marketing strategy embracing both marketing mix and online marketing. The study also revealed that, online marketing was an effective platform to help communicate a desired message to the target audience. The study recommended for marketers to recognize the importance of embracing and employing an integrated marketing strategy. There is also the need for cafe owners to be effective in using integrated marketing strategy.