bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Appendectomy for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy– a retrospective comparative study of 99 pregnant and 1796 non-pregnant women
Authors: Hoffmann Michael , Anthuber L. , Silva A. Herebia da , Mair A. , Wolf S. , Dannecker C. , Anthuber M. , Schrempf M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Suspected appendicitis is the most common indication for non-obstetric surgery during pregnancy. Diagnosis and management of these patients can be challenging. Atypical clinical presentation has been described before, but the current literature consists mostly of small case series. Therefore, we conducted a large retrospective study to analyze the frequency and diagnostic accuracy of clinical signs, laboratory findings and imaging modalities in pregnant woman undergoing surgery for suspected appendicitis compared to a control group of non-pregnant women of childbearing age. We further describe intra- and postoperative findings in both groups.

Methods

Data from consecutive patients who underwent appendectomy for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy were retrieved from the electronic patient database and analyzed. Preoperative clinical, laboratory and imaging findings as well as intra- and postoperative characteristics were compared between pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Results

Between January 2008 and June 2023, 99 pregnant woman and 1796 non-pregnant woman between the ages of 16 and 49 underwent emergency surgery for suspected appendicitis. Pregnant women were less likely to have right lower quadrant tenderness (p = 0.002), guarding (p = 0.011) and rebound tenderness (p = 0.097). A greater percentage of pregnant women had a symptom duration of more than 24 h before presentation (p = 0.003) Abdominal ultrasound showed a reduced diagnostic accuracy in pregnant women (p = 0.004). MRI was used in eight pregnant women and showed a diagnostic accuracy of 100%. Pregnant women had a longer operating time (p = 0.006), a higher rate of open appendectomies or conversion (p < 0.001) and a longer postoperative hospital stay (3.2 days vs. 2.2 days, p < 0.001). The perforation rate was also higher in pregnant women at 16% vs. 10% (p = 0.048).

Conclusion

The diagnosis of acute appendicitis during pregnancy presents a challenge for the clinician. Our data confirm the paradigm of “atypical presentation” which should lead to an extended diagnostic workup. Ultrasound showed less diagnostic accuracy in pregnant women in our study. MRI is a useful tool to reduce uncertainty and the rate of negative appendectomies.
Tongue Pressure and Grip Strength as Indicators of Persistent Dysphagia After Acute Stroke
Authors: Ohashi Miho , Aoyagi Yoichiro , Iwasawa Tatsuya , Sakaguchi Kumiko , Saito Tomonari , Sakamoto Yuki , Ishiyama Daisuke , Kimura Kazumi
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to identify the independent predictors of postacute stroke dysphagia at discharge using sarcopenia-related parameters. This single-center prospective observational study assessed consecutive inpatients diagnosed with cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage upon admission to the stroke unit. Tongue pressure, grip strength, and body composition were evaluated within 48 h. Dysphagia was defined by a functional oral intake scale of ≤ 5. Patient characteristics were compared between non-dysphagia and dysphagia groups using Mann–Whitney or chi-squared tests. Logistic regression analysis was performed using age, sex, tongue pressure, grip strength, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores as explanatory variables, with dysphagia at discharge as the objective variable. A total of 302 patients (mean age: 69.4 ± 13.8 years, 67.5% male) were analyzed, with 64 having dysphagia at discharge (21.2%). The dysphagia group was significantly older (p<0.001), had higher NIHSS scores on admission (p<0.001), lower SMI (p = 0.002), lower grip strength (p<0.001), and lower tongue pressure (p<0.001) than the non-dysphagia group. Logistic regression revealed that age (OR: 1.042, p = 0.018), tongue pressure (OR: 0.954, p = 0.010), and grip strength (OR: 0.943, p = 0.048) on admission were independent predictors of dysphagia at discharge, while NIHSS scores (OR: 1.403, p = 0.106), sex, and SMI (OR: 1.403, p = 0.150) were not. Older age, reduced tongue pressure, and reduced grip strength are strong predictors of persistent poststroke dysphagia at discharge. Thus, muscle strength is a more valuable parameter than muscle mass in predicting persistent poststroke dysphagia.
The sweet path of Hansel and Gretel: pollination system of Masdevallia hortensis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) in a cloud montane forest of the Cordillera Occidental, in Colombia
Authors: Ospina-M Ana , Sanín María José , Maia Artur Campos D. , Cardona-Duque Juliana
Published: October 2024

Pollination by deception is assumed as the general rule among pleurothallid orchids. However, considering the exceptional diversity of this group (44 genera and over 5100 species) and the relatively limited number of available studies (pollination ecology has been assessed in only 17 genera), generalized trends about their pollination systems might disregard a wide variety of specific life-history traits and inconspicuous honest signals/rewards for pollinators. The few known associations of pleurothallid orchids with a large assortment of fly taxa further support the assumption of generalized pollination by deception. We investigated the natural pollination system of Masdevallia hortensis, a strictly endemic species of cloud forests in the Western Andes of Colombia. This species exhibited a sophisticated and unique pollination mechanism, producing sugary secretions in the lateral sepals along purple dotted patches, fed upon by different visiting species of fruit flies (Drosophilidae). The sucrose concentration in these secretions varied throughout the day and significantly decreased after pollinaria removal. Visiting fruit flies appeared to be guided towards a chamber between the mobile lip and the column, by dotted lines in the lateral sepals. During visitations, individuals of the most abundant species in our observations (Drosophila sp. 1) were singly entrapped in the chamber until eventually freeing themselves with the pollinaria attached to their bodies. We also demonstrated that M. hortensis is strictly self-incompatible, which makes fly pollination an essential process for the maintenance of natural populations of the species. The flowers of M. hortensis offer rewards for visiting insects, an aspect that should be thoroughly evaluated before making generalizations. In this way, we urge integrative ecological studies to understand the reproductive evolutionary patterns in this group of orchids.
Intramyocardial fatty infiltration lesion in sporadic inclusion body myositis: a case report
Authors: Redzepi Betim , Théaudin Marie , Bengueddache Samir , Petropoulou-Natsou Sofia , Masi Ambra , Rodrigues David , Tzimas Georgios , Schwitter Juerg , Antiochos Panagiotis
Published: October 2024

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), the most common inflammatory muscle disorder in adults over 50 years, is often misdiagnosed due to its gradual onset and its common but unspecific muscle weakness in older adults. Diagnosis relies on clinical, radiological, and pathological features. Cardiac involvement is rare, prompting this case description and a comprehensive literature analysis. A 73-year-old woman diagnosed with sIBM in 2021 through muscle biopsy had been experiencing muscular symptoms since 2015. Her condition progressively worsened, affecting daily activities. Annual follow-ups revealed a moderate obstructive syndrome on respiratory testing, prompting a cardiac evaluation. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging identified intramyocardial lesions consistent with fatty infiltration, highlighting the interest of advanced imaging in sIBM management. Cardiac involvement in sIBM is presumed rare compared to other idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, though the exact frequency remains unclear. Early identification of heart alterations by CMR in sIBM can be prognostically valuable, guiding follow-up and interventions. However, literature on this subject is limited to small cohort studies and case reports describing complications. Given the slow progression of sIBM and the limited efficacy of current treatments, the discovery of myocardial lesions could warrant closer cardiological monitoring. Larger cohort studies are needed to explore potential new therapeutic approaches. Our case underscores the importance of CMR in detecting subtle cardiac manifestations in sIBM and illustrates the potential prognostic value of cardiac assessment in the management of sIBM.
“I Changed After the Death”: Symptoms of Psychopathology Predict Lower Agency and Communion Themes in Loss Narratives Over 16 Months
Authors: Thomsen Dorthe Kirkegaard , Bluck Susan , Lundorff Marie , O’Connor Maja
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Some individuals struggle to adjust after the death of a close other. Constructing an adaptive narrative about the loss is important to adjustment but symptoms of psychopathology may interfere with this process. We examined whether psychopathology symptoms measured 2 months after the loss of a spouse or parent predicted loss narratives with lower agency and communion themes as well as more negative emotional tone and self-event connections.

Method

Participants included 507 adults from the Aarhus Bereavement Study who completed psychopathology symptom measures at 2, 6, 11, and 18 months after the death of their spouse or parent. Symptom measures included prolonged grief disorder (PGD), PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Eighteen months after the death, participants wrote a narrative about the loss and answered questions about its emotional qualities (i.e., tone, self-event connections). The narratives were content coded for agency and communion themes.

Results

Multiple regressions showed that higher PGD symptoms at 2 months predicted less adaptive loss narratives at 18 months, even after controlling for neuroticism and age.

Conclusion

Individuals who experience high symptom levels are struggling to construct adaptive loss narratives. This may hinder identity changes needed to accommodate their altered life circumstances.
“Tetranstornation” as retrogression: AMLO’s Mexico beyond alternation
Authors: Macip Ricardo F.
Published: October 2024

In response to the landslide electoral victory by the morena-led coalition in Mexico, I offer a two-part argument for its interpretation. Like bifocal glasses, the seventy-one-year State Party rule offers a far-sighted panorama to question the “transition towards democracy” in Mexico. Against this backdrop, a more detailed focus follows the development of the political leader who slayed the party system for the alternation of power. Together, they present an analytical description of the retrogression within a “post-neoliberal” turn.
Capacity, Autonomy, and Risk: Reflecting on Asymmetries in Capacity to Consent and Capacity to Refuse
Authors: Pugh Jonathan
Published: October 2024

There has been renewed interest in whether we should understand standards of decision-making capacity (DMC) to be risk-relative. Critics of risk-relative standards often highlight a puzzling asymmetry that they imply; a patient may have the requisite DMC to consent to a treatment that is in their best interests, whilst lacking the requisite DMC to refuse that same treatment, given the much higher risk that this would entail. Whilst some have argued that this asymmetry suggests that risk-relative standards are nonsensical, in this paper I defend a ‘quality of evidence’ view of such standards. I begin by outlining DMC’s purported gate-keeping role in medical ethics, and identifying three key normative claims that undergird this role. I then explain how two competing theories of risk-relative standards are incompatible with at least one of these claims. Drawing on Douglas’ distinction between standards of ‘true capacity’ and standards invoked in the ‘test’ for capacity, I then outline my ‘quality of evidence’ view. I explain how the view is compatible with the aforementioned normative claims, and outline the nature of the asymmetry it implies. I conclude by responding to the objection that there is no meaningful distinction between ‘true capacity’ and the ‘test’ for capacity.
RGB Trichromatic Whiteness Assessment of Bio Analytical Chromatographic Tool Using Fluorescence for Quantitation of Semaglutide: Application to Pharmaceutical Preparations and Spiked Plasma
Authors: Moneim Mona M. Abdel , Kamal Miranda F. , Hamdy Mohamed M. A.
Published: October 2024

Semaglutide (SEMG) is one of the most widely used and trending medications to treat type II diabetes and obesity. This work aimed to develop a liquid chromatography with spectroflourimetric detection (HPLC-flourimetry) analysis of SEMG in both its tablet dosage form and plasma. The power of fluorescence detection coupled with HPLC proved its capability as a bioanalytical tool to assay SEMG in plasma samples owing to its simplicity and sensitivity which reached below the Cmax of SEMG. Separation was done using a C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile and water acidified with orthophosphoric acid (pH 3.5) (1.41 × 10–5 M) in isocratic mode in ratio 57:43 and 1 mL/min flow rate after extraction using protein precipitation. Detection was carried out at λ excitation of 238 nm and λ emission of 416 and 307 nm for SEMG and the internal standard, respectively. Evaluation of greenness of the proposed method was done using AGREE (Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach), ComplexGAPI (Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index) & the new algorithm RGB 12 model (Red–Green–Blue). They showed that these methods can be a greener alternative with acceptable sensitivity for analysis of SEMG. The developed seven min-assay was validated per ICH as well as FDA bio analytical methods’ guidelines to prove its applicability for routine sample analysis and future pharmacokinetic studies.
Die Differenzierung von Einsichts- und Steuerungsfähigkeit bei der Schuldfähigkeitsprüfung aus juristischer und psychiatrischer Sicht
Authors: Saß Henning , Werner Raik
Published: October 2024

Die Fragen, die mit der Unterscheidung zwischen Einsichts- und Steuerungsfähigkeit sowohl bei der Begutachtung wie auch in der gerichtlichen Urteilsfindung verbunden sind, werden in der Literatur nur wenig behandelt, obwohl sich daraus erhebliche Konsequenzen ergeben können. Insbesondere bei Wahn gibt es Unsicherheiten, die immer wieder zu Urteilsaufhebungen wegen gutachterlicher oder richterlicher Argumentationsmängel führen. In dieser Arbeit werden die konzeptionellen Grundlagen wie auch die Implikationen für das praktische Vorgehen bei der Schuldfähigkeitsprüfung systematisch dargestellt und an prototypischen Fällen aus dem Spektrum der Wahnerkrankungen exemplifiziert. Mit dem dabei favorisierten, sehr engen Verständnis von Einsichtsfähigkeit korrespondiert eine Auffächerung der Steuerungsfähigkeit in ihre motivationalen und exekutiven Anteile.
Psychopathologie: operationalisiertes Werkzeug oder „Denkstil“?
Authors: Hoff Paul
Published: October 2024

Den Begriff Psychopathologie begleitet in jüngerer Zeit eine deutliche Ambivalenz: Positiv konnotiert, steht er für eine personzentrierte, methodenbewusste Zugangsweise zur psychisch erkrankten Person. Kritische Einwände jedoch identifizieren bei der Psychopathologie Tendenzen zu unreflektierter Medikalisierung, Pathologisierung und Stigmatisierung. Besondere praktische Relevanz gewinnt diese Debatte für die psychiatrische Diagnostik im Sinne von ICD-10/ICD-11 und DSM-5-TR. Im 21. Jh. werden Befürchtungen lauter, die zwar international etablierte, jedoch weiterhin an der traditionellen Kraepelin’schen Nosologie orientierte operationalisierte Diagnostik könne mit Blick auf jüngere Forschungsentwicklungen den wissenschaftlichen Horizont der Psychiatrie unvertretbar einengen.

Vor diesem ebenso komplexen wie praxisrelevanten Hintergrund versteht sich die vorliegende Arbeit als Plädoyer dafür, psychopathologische Denktraditionen als wertvolle Grundlagen psychiatrischen Handelns anzuerkennen, gerade auch im forensischen Umfeld. Weit entfernt von bloßer Historisierung oder unkritischer Idealisierung, weist die Psychopathologie, unbeschadet ihrer empirisch-deskriptiven Anteile, auch im 21. Jh. das Potenzial auf, einer personzentrierten Haltung, ja – im Sinne des Mikrobiologen und Wissenschaftstheoretikers Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961) – einem der Psychiatrie in besonderer Weise angemessenen „Denkstil“ Ausdruck zu verleihen. Der offene Dialog mit der aktuellen psychiatrischen Forschung im Sinne der „Anschlussfähigkeit“ ist dafür unabdingbar. Ergänzend zur theoretischen Reflexion wird der Praxisbezug mit Blick auf eine viel diskutierte jüngere Entscheidung des Schweizerischen Bundesgerichtes hergestellt.
The Garden at Pingle Farm: An Unsettling Investigation
Authors: Milne Rebecca
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a reflection on the process and results of an historical archaeological investigation of a South Australian colonial farm garden. It demonstrates how the researcher allowed the emotions evinced by the site’s history as a frontier site to contribute to the discussion of the research’s relevance for contemporary Australian society, related to themes of national identity and coming to terms with a colonial past.
Mechanical circulatory support bridge for restrictive cardiomyopathy with biventricular and pulmonary failure to cardiac transplantation
Authors: Sainathan Sandeep , Mulinari Leonardo
Published: October 2024

We describe a simplified technique for mechanical circulatory support using Berlin EXCOR cannulas in a toddler with restrictive cardiomyopathy and biventricular and respiratory failure as a successful bridge to cardiac transplantation.
The Invisible Tropical Tuber Crop: Edible Aroids (Araceae) Sold as “Tajer” in the Netherlands
Authors: Fang Qiong , Matthews Peter J. , Grimaldi Ilaria M. , de Jong Hans , van de Belt Jose , Schranz M. Eric , van Andel Tinde
Published: October 2024

Edible aroids (plants from the family Araceae) are among the top five most cultivated tuber crops globally, but their consumer acceptance is hindered by acridity. Aroids contain sap that severely irritates the throat and lips if not properly processed. However, no in-depth studies exist on acridity in edible aroids and how to diminish it. We used ethnobotanical methods to document the diversity of edible aroids available in the Dutch marketplace and how consumers handle acridity. We grew corms in a greenhouse to obtain additional morphological information and used flow cytometry to assess ploidy. We collected 73 samples and interviewed 71 people. At least three species, Colocasia esculenta, Xanthosoma violaceum, and Caladium bicolor, were sold under the generic name “tajer.” Different plant parts with various forms of processing were imported from diverse geographic origins and sold mainly to immigrant customers. Interviewees mentioned various processing methods to avoid and reduce acridity. We distinguished nine cultivar groups of Colocasia esculenta and four of Xanthosoma violaceum. Both Colocasia esculenta and Xanthosoma violaceum were also cultivated in Dutch greenhouses. We present the first report on edible aroids cultivation in northern Europe and draw attention to the lack of labeling and cooking instructions.
Mechanical and Geometric Characterization of a Novel 2-Ply Vacuum-Pressed Biological Scaffold Patch Design for Posterior Mitral Valve Reconstruction
Authors: Jedrzejczyk Johannes H. , Andersen Frederik T. , Petersen Jacob , Kaspersen Alexander Emil , Sahana Urjosee , Skov Søren N. , Væsel Jens T. , Hasenkam J. Michael , Tjørnild Marcell J.
Published: October 2024

To assess the mechanical properties of small intestinal submucosal extracellular matrix (SIS-ECM) iterations and choose the optimal version for evaluating functional geometrics after posterior mitral valve reconstruction. Four SIS-ECM versions (2- and 4-ply vacuum-pressed and lyophilized) underwent uniaxial tensile testing. A posterior mitral valve reconstruction patch was developed based on MRI scans (n = 5). Posterior mitral valve reconstruction using 2-ply vacuum-pressed SIS-ECM was performed (n = 7), and geometrics were evaluated using a modified left heart simulator. The vacuum-pressed iterations displayed superior maximum stress values compared to lyophilized (2-ply: median [IQR], 15.8 [15.2–19.0] vs 7.9 [7.3–8.3] MPa, p < 0.001; 4-ply: median (IQR), 15.8 –[14.6–22.0] vs 7.9 [7.6–8.4] MPa). All reconstructed valves were competent with preserved total leaflet area, but individual leaflet segment areas were redistributed. Posterior mitral valve reconstruction with our 2-ply vacuum-pressed SIS-ECM patch design was feasible in vitro. Further in vivo evaluation is warranted.

Graphical Abstract
Optimizing a thermoelectric window frame for heating and cooling: A cross-validated simulation study
Authors: He Zhineng , Zuazua-Ros Amaia , Martín-Gómez César
Published: October 2024

Beyond the design of the system components, the potential application of thermoelectric (TE) systems is influenced by various factors in the control process. To understand the effects of these control factors on TE system performance in buildings, computational models for a TE window frame are established. In this work, two different numerical methodologies are applied to calculate the desired operating current and temperature distributions within the airflows and on the surfaces of the Peltier cells. The simulation results obtained from these methodologies are cross-validated and compared with relevant experimental results from existing studies. The mathematical model iterates the outgoing airflow temperature at non-object sides after determining the object-side temperature under a certain heat load. Additionally, alongside the number of activated Peltier cells and airflow rate, a new factor, termed the distribution of power strength, is considered in the analysis. The results indicate that homogeneous power strength across each Peltier cell yields favorable outcomes in both heating and cooling modes. The coefficient of performance (COP) increases with the activation of more Peltier cells under a constant heat load, while begins to decline beyond a certain threshold. Moreover, the COP is enhanced with a relatively higher airflow rate by strengthening the heat transfer to relieve the temperature difference between both sides. Consequently, based on the result analysis, we propose an optimization strategy for TE systems. This strategy aims to optimize operating currents, the number of working Peltier cells, and operating airflow rates, particularly when working conditions fluctuate.
Resurrection of the parasitic isopod genus Cryptione Hansen, 1897 (Epicaridea: Bopyridae) and description of a new species of parasitic isopod (Epicaridea: Bopyridae) from the deep-sea shrimp Notostomus gibbosus (Caridea: Acanthephyridae) with an analysis of its phylogenetic position based on molecular data
Authors: Williams Jason D. , Horch Amanda P. , Ceballos Angela , Bracken-Grissom Heather
Published: October 2024

A new species of pseudionine parasite is described from the deep-sea shrimp Notostomus gibbosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881, collected in the Gulf of Mexico, the first record of a bopyrid parasitizing any member of the family Acanthephyridae Spence Bate, 1888. Morphological and molecular data are provided to support the inclusion of the new species and 12 other branchial ectoparasites of caridean shrimps in the genus Cryptione Hansen, 1897 that is resurrected herein. Cryptione is sister to the genus Pseudione sensu stricto, ectoparasites of axiid and callianassid shrimps as well as nephropid lobsters. The new species Cryptione grandis can be distinguished from its closest congeners including C. parviramus (Adkison, 1988) from the Gulf of Mexico by several female and male characters. The epicaridium larvae of C. grandis were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), only the second description of this stage for any species in the genus. A table listing all species in Cryptione and taxonomic notes on some species are provided.
Friction in soft biological systems and surface self-organization: the role of viscoelasticity
Authors: Pajic-Lijakovic Ivana , Milivojevic Milan , McClintock Peter V. E.
Published: October 2024

Friction is a critical factor in the proper functioning of human organs as well as in the potential development of disease. It is also important for the design of diagnostic and interventional medical devices. Nanoscale surface roughness, viscoelastic or plastic deformations, wear, and lubrication all influence the functions of individual cells. The effects of friction in soft matter systems are quantified using different types of frictional coefficients, including the dynamic friction coefficient, friction-skin drag, and pressure drag. These coefficients are determined by the viscoelastic properties of the two systems in contact and their relative velocity. In this review, several biological systems are considered, including (i) epithelial tissues in contact with soft hydrogel-like implants, (ii) the collective migration of epithelial monolayers on substrate matrices, (iii) blood flow through blood vessels, and (iv) the movement of cancer cells past epithelial clusters along with the migration of epithelial cells within the cluster.
First report of iris yellow spot virus infecting shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) in Australia
Authors: Nurulita Sari , Geering Andrew D. W. , Crew Kathleen S. , Harper Stephen , Thomas John E.
Published: October 2024

In 2019, symptoms typical of infection by iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; family Tospoviridae, genus Orthotospovirus) were observed on shallot (A. cepa var. aggregatum) grown at the Gatton Research Facility, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland. Initial testing by DAS-ELISA was positive for IYSV, and subsequent specific RT-PCR amplifying part of the RdRp (L-segment) and sequencing of amplicons confirmed the IYSV infection. This is the first record of IYSV infection of shallot in Australia.
Evaluating Factors Affecting Flood Susceptibility in the Yangtze River Delta Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Zhu Kaili , Wang Zhaoli , Lai Chengguang , Li Shanshan , Zeng Zhaoyang , Chen Xiaohong
Published: October 2024

Floods are widespread and dangerous natural hazards worldwide. It is essential to grasp the causes of floods to mitigate their severe effects on people and society. The key drivers of flood susceptibility in rapidly urbanizing areas can vary depending on the specific context and require further investigation. This research developed an index system comprising 10 indicators associated with factors and environments that lead to disasters, and used machine learning methods to assess flood susceptibility. The core urban area of the Yangtze River Delta served as a case study. Four scenarios depicting separate and combined effects of climate change and human activity were evaluated using data from various periods, to measure the spatial variability in flood susceptibility. The findings demonstrate that the extreme gradient boosting model outperformed the decision tree, support vector machine, and stacked models in evaluating flood susceptibility. Both climate change and human activity were found to act as catalysts for flooding in the region. Areas with increasing susceptibility were mainly distributed to the northwest and southeast of Taihu Lake. Areas with increased flood susceptibility caused by climate change were significantly larger than those caused by human activity, indicating that climate change was the dominant factor influencing flood susceptibility in the region. By comparing the relationship between the indicators and flood susceptibility, the rising intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation as well as an increase in impervious surface areas were identified as important reasons of heightened flood susceptibility in the Yangtze River Delta region. This study emphasized the significance of formulating adaptive strategies to enhance flood control capabilities to cope with the changing environment.
Open Innovation and Regulatory Challenges in New Modality Development: The Pivotal Role of Contract Development and Manufacturing Organisations in Advancing Antibody Drugs
Authors: Yoshiura Hiromu , Kawata Yayoi , Sengoku Shintaro
Published: October 2024

Background

Ensuring regulatory-compliant manufacturing capability is an essential challenge for new treatment modalities, but its internalisation is not easy for pharmaceutical companies, especially start-ups. This study examines the functions and requirements of contracted development and manufacturing organisations (CDMOs) using the development process of antibody medicines as a case study.

Methods

Utilizing PubMed, Cortellis and Patent Integration databases, this study delves into publication and contractual trends in monoclonal antibody drugs (mAbs) development, alongside an analysis of patent filings by CDMOs, offering a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape in mAbs innovation.

Results

In the early stages of mAbs development, dedicated bio firms (DBFs) led R&D with superior drug discovery technology but lacked manufacturing capability, which was complemented by CDMOs. This collaboration was an opportunity for CDMOs to expand their capabilities beyond manufacturing technology into antibody drug candidate discovery and structural optimisation technology. From mid-development onwards, it established a technology platform based on these capabilities and developed and established partnerships with existing pharmaceutical companies, including mega pharma.

Conclusions

The impact of institutions and regulations on the innovation process was assessed during this development process. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the innovation system for new modalities.
In-situ engineering of native extracellular matrix to improve vascularization and tissue regeneration at the ischemic injury site
Authors: Hao Dake , Lu Lu , Song Hengyue , Lopez Juan-Maria , Liu Ruiwu , Zhou Ping , Nolta Jan , Farmer Diana L. , Kurzrock Eric , Panitch Alyssa , Lam Kit S. , Wang Aijun
Published: October 2024

Ischemic injury causes dynamic damage to the native extracellular matrix (ECM), which plays a key role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration by providing structural support, facilitating force transmission, and transducing key signals to cells. The main approach aimed at repairing injury to ischemic tissues is restoration of vascular function. Due to their potential to form capillary niches, endothelial cells (ECs) are of greatest interest for vascular regeneration. Integrin binding to ECM is crucial for cell anchorage to the surrounding matrix, spreading, migration, and further activation of intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we proposed to establish an in-situ engineering strategy to remodel the ECM at the ischemic site to guide EC endogenous binding and establish effective EC/ECM interactions to promote revascularization. We designed and constructed a dual-function molecule (LXW7)2-SILY, which is comprised of two functional domains: the first one (LXW7) binds to integrin αvβ3 expressed on ECs, and the second one (SILY) binds to collagen. In vitro, we confirmed (LXW7)2-SILY improved EC adhesion and survival. After in situ injection, (LXW7)2-SILY showed stable retention at the injured area and promoted revascularization, blood perfusion, and tissue regeneration in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model.

Graphical Abstract
Enhancing Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation efficiency with an auxiliary solution
Authors: Chen Luying , Wang Liang , Zhang Lei , Li Yongguang , Han Shaojie
Published: October 2024

Soybean is a crucial source of oil, protein, and biofuel, necessitating efficient transformation systems for advancing research. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is currently the primary method used in the soybean transformation industry and scientific research. However, the low efficiency and genotype dependency of this technology leave significant room for improvement. This study aimed to enhance soybean transformation efficiency by generating and validating three reporter vectors (ZsGreen, TdTomato, and Ruby) and using Agrobacterium Auxiliary Solution (AAS) containing Silwet L-77 and hormone mixtures. Our findings demonstrate that AAS significantly improves hairy root transformation rates. Specifically, this combination increased total root and cotyledon transformation efficiencies compared to the control. We also found that larger vectors like Ruby reduced transformation efficiency compared to smaller markers like GFP and RFP. Furthermore, AAS slightly reduced the co-transformation rate of two separate vectors compared to single vector transformations. Additionally, AAS enhanced soybean hypocotyl transformation rates across various varieties, consistently increasing positive root and explant efficiencies. Notably, transformation rates varied significantly between varieties, with Forrest differing from Williams 82 and Dongnong 50. This research highlights the importance of auxiliary agents and vector size in optimizing soybean transformation, providing insights for future advancements in genetic modification and biotechnology.
Molecular Testing of Central Nervous System Tumours: Recommendations of the Canadian Association of Neuropathologists
Authors: Munoz David G. , Gao Andrew , Hammond Robert , Schutz Peter W. , Gray Madison , Hawkins Cynthia
Published: October 2024

The diagnosis of central nervous system tumours has been transformed in recent years from a microscopic morphology-based process to one dominated by the identification of somatic genetic alterations in tumour cells. This switch requires implementing radically different methods, for which appropriate training and financial resources must be allocated. The Canadian Association of Neuropathologists (CANP) has followed a process based on the scientific literature and consensus to develop recommendations for molecular testing of tumours of the brain and spinal cord, aiming to balance the need for treatment-determinant accurate diagnosis and the current limitations inherent in the transition to a new paradigm. The Professional Affairs Committee was charged with this task. A draft was discussed during the CANP general assembly, along with presentations from groups who had implemented molecular technologies, as well as others who relied on external laboratories. The Professional Affairs Committee summarised the consensus and submitted their recommendation to the CANP’s Executive Committee. A final report was posted on the CANP website for a month to allow all members to comment. The recommendations below apply to intrinsic tumours of the central nervous system and do not include metastatic disease or tumours impinging upon the nervous system from outside. These recommendations should be considered clinically relevant, as the results have direct consequences on the patient’s treatment, either through the use of targeted therapies or the trial-proven best application of radiation and/or chemotherapy.
Molecular symphonies and signalling pathways orchestrated by the gut microbiome in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC); a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Fatemi Nayeralsadat , Jahdkaran Mahtab , Mirbahari Seyedeh Nasim , Houri Hamidreza
Published: October 2024

The role of oncobiosis, characterized by dysregulated microbial ecosystems associated with cancer, has been increasingly acknowledged in promoting the metastasis and dissemination of tumour cells. A comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between the gut microbiome and metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) presents promising avenues for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches centred around modulating the gut microbiome to prevent or hinder metastatic spread. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide a molecularly focused summary of the implications of the human gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in the initiation and advancement of mCRC. By elucidating these intricate mechanisms, we strive to establish a foundation for future research and the design of novel interventions targeting the gut microbiome to combat this devastating disease.
On possible limit functions on a Fatou component in non-autonomous iteration
Authors: COMERFORD MARK , STANISZEWSKI CHRISTOPHER
Published: October 2024

The possibilities for limit functions on a Fatou component for the iteration of a single polynomial or rational function are well understood and quite restricted. In non-autonomous iteration, where one considers compositions of arbitrary polynomials with suitably bounded degrees and coefficients, one should observe a far greater range of behavior. We show this is indeed the case and we exhibit a bounded sequence of quadratic polynomials which has a bounded Fatou component on which one obtains as limit functions every member of the classical Schlicht family of normalized univalent functions on the unit disc. The proof is based on quasiconformal surgery and the use of high iterates of a quadratic polynomial with a Siegel disc which closely approximate the identity on compact subsets. Careful bookkeeping using the hyperbolic metric is required to control the errors in approximating the desired limit functions and ensure that these errors ultimately tend to zero.
Piecewise contractions
Authors: JAIN SAKSHI , LIVERANI CARLANGELO
Published: October 2024

We study piecewise injective, but not necessarily globally injective, contracting maps on a compact subset of

${\mathbb R}^d$

. We prove that, generically, the attractor and the set of discontinuities of such a map are disjoint, and hence the attractor consists of periodic orbits. In addition, we prove that piecewise injective contractions are generically topologically stable.
Surface energy and mass balance of Mera Glacier (Nepal, Central Himalaya) and their sensitivity to temperature and precipitation
Authors: Khadka Arbindra , Brun Fanny , Wagnon Patrick , Shrestha Dibas , Sherpa Tenzing Chogyal
Published: October 2024

The sensitivity of glacier mass balance to temperature and precipitation variations is crucial for informing models that simulate glaciers’ response to climate change. In this study, we simulate the glacier-wide mass balance of Mera Glacier with a surface energy-balance model, driven by in situ meteorological data, from 2016 to 2020. The analysis of the share of the energy fluxes of the glacier shows the radiative fluxes account for almost all the energy available during the melt season (May–October). However, turbulent fluxes are significant outside the monsoon (June–September). On an annual scale, melt is the dominant mass flux at all elevations, but 44% of the melt refreezes across the glacier. By reshuffling the available observations, we create 180 synthetic series of hourly meteorological forcings to force the model over a wide range of plausible climate conditions. A +1 (−1)°C change in temperature results in a −0.75 ± 0.17 (+0.93 ± 0.18) m w.e. change in glacier-wide mass balance and a +20 (−20)% change in precipitation results in a +0.52 ± 0.10 (−0.60 ± 0.11) m w.e. change. Our study highlights the need for physical-based approaches to produce consistent forcing datasets, and calls for more meteorological and glaciological measurements in High Mountain Asia.
Multi-decadal evolution of Crary Ice Rise region, West Antarctica, amid modern ice-stream deceleration
Authors: Verboncoeur Hannah , Siegfried Matthew Ross , Holschuh Nicholas , Winberry Jeremy Paul , Byrne Duncan , Sauthoff Wilson , Sutterley Tyler Clark , Medley Brooke
Published: October 2024

The ongoing deceleration of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica, provides an opportunity to investigate the co-evolution of ice-shelf pinning points and ice-stream flux variability. Here, we construct and analyze a 20-year multi-mission satellite altimetry record of dynamic ice surface-elevation change (dh/dt) in the grounded region encompassing lower Whillans Ice Stream and Crary Ice Rise, a major pinning point of Ross Ice Shelf. We developed a new method for generating multi-mission time series that reduces spatial bias and implemented this method with altimetry data from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat; 2003–09), CryoSat-2 (2010–present), and ICESat-2 (2018–present) altimetry missions. We then used the dh/dt time series to identify persistent patterns of surface-elevation change and evaluate regional mass balance. Our results suggest a persistent anomalous reduction in ice thickness and effective backstress in the peninsula connecting Whillans Ice Plain to Crary Ice Rise. The multi-decadal observational record of pinning-point mass redistribution and grounding zone retreat presented in this study highlights the on-going reorganization of the southern Ross Ice Shelf embayment buttressing regime in response to ice-stream deceleration.
Context and Neural Function
Authors: Barack David L
Published: October 2024

The debate over context and neural function pits contextualists, who maintain that neural functions vary by context, against invariantists, who maintain that they do not. In this article, I defend a moderate position that permits some context sensitive yet invariant functions. I distinguish performance from competence as well as different types of contexts, accounting for many cases of variability by context. The discussion suggests changes in networks can sometimes change the competences of parts. I conclude that some context sensitivity of function is consistent with invariant functions whereas other changes in context imply changes in the competence to perform functions.
Election-Denying Republican Candidates Underperformed in the 2022 Midterms
Authors: MALZAHN JANET , HALL ANDREW B.
Published: October 2024

We combine newly collected election data with records of public denials of the results of the 2020 election to estimate the degree to which election-denying Republican candidates over- or underperformed other Republicans in 2022 in statewide and federal elections. We find that the average vote share of election-denying Republicans in statewide races was approximately 3.2 percentage points lower than their co-partisans after accounting for state-level partisanship. However, we find no such underperformance on aggregate for U.S. House elections, perhaps due to the more-partisan nature of many House districts. Together, the results suggest that the types of candidates in American elections who take more-extreme positions tend to underperform, but that these performance gaps are relatively small in the present, polarized political environment.
A 6-month randomised controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of telenutrition v. telenutrition supported by telemonitoring and health coaching in a weight loss programme: a study protocol
Authors: Eid Noura M. S. , Al-ofi Ebtisam A. , Enani Sumia , Mosli Rana H. , Saqr Raneem R. , Qutah Karimah M. , Eid Sara M. S.
Published: October 2024

One of the main challenges in weight loss programmes is compliance with diet and achievement of sustainable changes in eating habits and lifestyles. Most clients desire to lose weight quickly, rather than looking at long-term changes. The literature suggests applying telenutrition, owing to its convenience and easy access in combination with both telemonitoring and health coaching, where confounding factors in the diet are tackled. A 6-month randomised controlled trial will be conducted to compare the effectiveness of telenutrition v. telenutrition supported by weekly telemonitoring and monthly health coaching in a weight loss programme. Participants are obese and overweight adults of both sex groups, aged 20–50 years who will be randomised to join a control or an intervention group. A total of three visits will be scheduled for all participants: at baseline, after three months and after six months. This study aims to answer the question of whether participants following a weight loss programme supported by telemonitoring and health coaching will increase their weight loss and compliance to the diet in comparison with the control group. This will be the first trial to assess the impact of integrating telemonitoring and health coaching in weight loss programmes, including the evaluation of associated confounding factors such as general nutrition education, eating behaviour, sensory modalities and hunger, and stress. This trial will support dietary weight loss programmes, contribute to the emerging field of telenutrition and provide advice for clinical dietitians and health coaches to work together to help individuals lose and maintain weight.
Varietal differences in the yield and quality of noodles produced from early-season rice and associated crop traits
Authors: Liao Chengjing , Fang Shengliang , Xiao Zhengwu , Liu Longsheng , Cao Fangbo , Chen Jiana , Huang Min
Published: October 2024

Early-season rice often faces limited market competition due to its lower quality, which diminishes farmers' incentives to cultivate it. Developing specific early-season rice varieties tailored for rice noodle production represents a practical solution to this challenge. However, limited information exists on the varietal differences regarding the yield and quality of noodles produced from early-season rice and their determinants. To address this gap, this study conducted field experiments with 15 early-season rice varieties during 2022 and 2023. The results revealed significant varietal differences in rice noodle yield per unit of land area and cooking and eating (texture) qualities of the noodles, with the variety Zhuliangyou 4024 standing out for its ability to produce rice noodles that are both high yielding and of superior cooking and eating qualities. Correlation analysis showed the yield of rice noodles per unit of land area was significantly related to grain yield per unit of land, which in turn was linked to grain weight. Additionally, the analysis showed the cooking loss rate of rice noodles and their chewiness were significantly correlated with both amylose and amylopectin content, whereas the hardness, springiness, and resilience of cooked rice noodles were significantly correlated only with amylose content. However, partial correlation analysis indicated that all these quality traits were significantly correlated solely with amylose content when controlling the influence of other chemical properties. These findings indicate that selecting early-season rice varieties with high grain weight and high amylose content can lead to the production of high-yield and high-quality rice noodles.
Advanced surrogate model for electron-scale turbulence in tokamak pedestals
Authors: Farcaş Ionuţ-Gabriel , Merlo Gabriele , Jenko Frank
Published: October 2024

We derive an advanced surrogate model for predicting turbulent transport at the edge of tokamaks driven by electron temperature gradient (ETG) modes. Our derivation is based on a recently developed sensitivity-driven sparse grid interpolation approach for uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis at scale, which informs the set of parameters that define the surrogate model as a scaling law. Our model reveals that ETG-driven electron heat flux is influenced by the safety factor

$q$

, electron beta

$\beta _e$

and normalized electron Debye length

$\lambda _D$

, in addition to well-established parameters such as the electron temperature and density gradients. To assess the trustworthiness of our model's predictions beyond training, we compute prediction intervals using bootstrapping. The surrogate model's predictive power is tested across a wide range of parameter values, including within-distribution testing parameters (to verify our model) as well as out-of-bounds and out-of-distribution testing (to validate the proposed model). Overall, validation efforts show that our model competes well with, or can even outperform, existing scaling laws in predicting ETG-driven transport.