bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Earth surface processes and landscape evolution in the Himalaya: a framework for sustainable development and geohazard mitigation
Authors: Owen Lewis A.
Published: October 2017

Successful sustainable development and geohazard mitigation in the Himalaya requires an understanding of the nature and dynamics of Earth surface processes and landscape evolution. In recent years, geoscience studies of Himalayan environments have been increasing due to better accessibility, modern technologies and the understanding that there is a necessity to determine the nature and predict likely environmental changes that are occurring due to natural and human influences. The Himalaya is one of the most dynamically active tectonic and geomorphic regions on our planet, and it is the most glaciated mountain area outside of the polar realms. The high mountains and deep valleys are a consequence of the continued collision of the Indian and Eurasian continental plates, rapid uplift and intense denudation by glacial, fluvial, landsliding, aeolian and weathering processes. These processes change over time, influenced by topographic development, climate change and humans. Defining the rates and magnitudes of these processes and their interactions is fundamental in developing a framework to quantify, model and predict future changes for geohazard mitigation and sustainable development.
An Interview with Shai Reshef--President, University of the People
Authors: Gardner Liljegren Donna , Venable Melissa
Published: October 2017

The University of the People is a non-profit, tuition-free, accredited U.S. online university, with a mission to provide accessible, affordable, high-quality higher education. Current president and founder Shai Reshef shares his insights into how the organization is reaching this goal through strategic partnerships and a mostly volunteer work force, laying the groundwork for a new educational model.
S-allyl-glutathione improves experimental liver fibrosis by regulating Kupffer cell activation in rats
Authors: Takemura Shigekazu , Azuma Hideki , Osada-Oka Mayuko , Kubo Shoji , Shibata Toshihiko , Minamiyama Yukiko
Published: October 2017

S-allyl-glutathione (SAG) is one of the metabolites of diallyl sulfide (DAS), a component of garlic. DAS has shown preventative effects on carcinogenesis in animal models. However, whether synthetic SAG can improve liver fibrosis has not been investigated. We examined the potential preventive effects of SAG on acute and chronic models of liver fibrosis by chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. SAG inhibited liver fibrogenesis induced by CCl4in a dose-dependent manner and reduced heat shock protein-47 (HSP47), a collagen-specific chaperone, and other fibrosis markers. In fibrosis regression models, after administration of either CCl4for 9 wk or dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) for 6 wk, SAG markedly accelerated fibrolysis in both models. In the regression stage of DMN-treated liver, SAG normalized the ratio of M2 phenotype (expression of mannose receptor) in Kupffer cells (KCs). Consistent with these results, the culture supernatants of SAG-treated M2-phenotype KCs inhibited collagen-α1(I) chain (COL1A1) mRNA expression in primary culture-activated rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, SAG did not directly inhibit HSC activation. In an acute model of CCl4single injection, SAG inhibited hepatic injury dose dependently consistent with the inhibited the elevation of the bilirubin and ALT levels. These findings suggest that SAG could improve the fibrogenic and fibrolysis cascade via the regulation of excess activated and polarized KCs. SAG may also serve as a preventive and therapeutic agent in fibrosis of other organs for which current clinical therapy is unavailable.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY S-allyl-glutathione (SAG) is a metabolite of diallyl sulfide, a component of garlic. SAG increased hepatic glutathione levels and GSH-to-GSSG ratio in normal rats. SAG treatment before or after liver fibrosis from chronic CCl4administration improved liver fibrosis and regression. SAG decreased heat shock protein-47 (HSP47), a collagen-specific chaperone, and other fibrosis markers in CCl4-treated livers. SAG-treated Kupffer cell conditioned medium also inhibited collagen-α1(I) chain (COL1A1) mRNA expression and other markers in primary culture hepatic stellate cells.
Hypoxia-induced changes in plasma micro-RNAs correlate with pulmonary artery pressure at high altitude
Authors: Blissenbach Birgit , Nakas Christos T. , Krönke Martin , Geiser Thomas , Merz Tobias M. , Pichler Hefti Jacqueline
Published: October 2017

In vitro and animal studies revealed micro-RNAs (miRs) to be involved in modulation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). However, knowledge of circulating miRs in humans in the context of HPH is very limited. Since symptoms of HPH are nonspecific and noninvasive diagnostic parameters do not exist, a disease-specific and hypoxemia-independent biomarker indicating HPH would be of clinical value. To examine whether plasma miR levels correlate with hypoxia-induced increase in pulmonary artery pressures, plasma miRs were assessed in a model of hypoxia-related pulmonary hypertension in humans exposed to extreme altitude. Forty healthy volunteers were repetitively examined during a high-altitude expedition up to an altitude of 7,050 m. Plasma levels of miR-17, -21, and -190 were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), which was assessed by echocardiography. A significant altitude-dependent increase in circulating miR expression was found (all P values < 0.0001). Compared with baseline at 500 m, miR-17 changed by 4.72 ± 0.57-fold, miR-21 changed by 1.91 ± 0.33-fold, and miR-190 changed by 3.61 ± 0.54-fold at 7,050 m (means ± SD). Even after adjusting for hypoxemia, miR-17 and miR-190 were found to be independently correlated with increased SPAP. Progressive hypobaric hypoxia significantly affects levels of circulating miR-17, -21, and -190. Independently from the extent of hypoxemia, miR-17 and -190 significantly correlate with increased SPAP. These novel findings provide evidence for an epigenetic modulation of hypoxia-induced increase in pulmonary artery pressures by miR-17 and -190 and suggest the potential value of these miRs as biomarkers for HPH.
Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin decreases intrarenal oxygen availability and alters glomerular permeability
Authors: Sivertsson Ebba , Friederich-Persson Malou , Öberg Carl M. , Fasching Angelica , Hansell Peter , Rippe Bengt , Palm Fredrik
Published: October 2017

An increased kidney oxygen consumption causing tissue hypoxia has been suggested to be a common pathway toward chronic kidney disease. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell proliferation and mitochondrial function. mTOR inhibitors (e.g., rapamycin) are used clinically to prevent graft rejection. mTOR has been identified as a key player in diabetes, which has stimulated the use of mTOR inhibitors to counter diabetic nephropathy. However, the effect of mTOR inhibition on kidney oxygen consumption is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of mTOR inhibition on in vivo kidney function, oxygen homeostasis, and glomerular permeability. Control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were chronically treated with rapamycin, and the functional consequences were studied 14 days thereafter. In both groups, mTOR inhibition induced mitochondrial uncoupling, resulting in increased total kidney oxygen consumption and decreased intrarenal oxygen availability. Concomitantly, mTOR inhibition induced tubular injury, as estimated from urinary excretion of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and reduced urinary protein excretion. The latter corresponded to reduced sieving coefficient for large molecules. In conclusion, mTOR inhibition induces mitochondrial dysfunction leading to decreased oxygen availability in normal and diabetic kidneys, which translates into increased KIM-1 in the urine. Reduced proteinuria after mTOR inhibition is an effect of reduced glomerular permeability for large molecules. Since hypoxia has been suggested as a common pathway in the development of chronic kidney disease, mTOR inhibition to patients with preexisting nephropathy should be used with caution, since it may accelerate the progression of the disease.
Incidental Extracardiac Findings and Their Characterization on Cardiac MRI
Authors: Gravina Matteo , Stoppino Luca Pio , Casavecchia Grazia , Moffa Angelo Pio , Vinci Roberta , Brunetti Natale Daniele , Di Biase Matteo , Macarini Luca
Published: October 2017

Background. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) has recently emerged as a new noninvasive imaging modality that offers superior structural and functional assessment of the heart. cMRI benefits from a large field of view but, consequently, may capture incidental extracardiac findings (IEFs). We aimed to evaluate the frequency and significance of IEFs reported from clinically indicated cMRI scans. Methods. 742 consecutive patients (402 males and 340 females) referred to the Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Center of our University Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 for clinically indicated cMRI were retrospectively enrolled for the evaluation of IEF prevalence and relevance. The median age of the subjects was 51 years (range: 5–85 years). Results. A significant number of patients who underwent cMRI had incidental and clinically significant IEFs (2% of the population, 11.4% of cases). cMRI allowed a correct diagnosis in 116/131 cases with a diagnostic accuracy value of 88.5%. Conclusions. IEFs on cMRI are not uncommon and lesions with mild or no clinical significance represent the most frequent findings. cMRI can characterize incidental findings with high accuracy in most cases.
Single-Needle Arthrocentesis with Upper Compartment Distension versus Conventional Two-Needle Arthrocentesis: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Grossmann Eduardo , Guilherme Vargas Pasqual Primo , Poluha Rodrigo Lorenzi , Iwaki Lilian Cristina Vessoni , Iwaki Filho Liogi , Setogutti Ênio Tadashi
Published: October 2017

The objective of this study was to compare single-needle arthrocentesis with distension of the upper compartment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with the conventional two-needle arthrocentesis. Twenty-six patients with articular disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR) were included in the study and assigned to two groups (n=13): single-needle arthrocentesis with distension of the upper compartment of the TMJ (1N) and conventional two-needle arthrocentesis (2N). The maximum interincisal distance (MID) and TMJ pain as measured by the visual analog scale (VAS) were compared. MID and VAS data were obtained: before (T1), seven days after (T2), fifteen days after (T3), one month after (T4), three months after (T5), six months after (T6), nine months after (T7), and one year after the arthrocentesis procedures (T8). Considering each group individually, results of the VAS scores and MID measurements showed a significant difference between T1 and T2–T8 (p<0.001) in both groups. Between two groups, results show no significant differences (p>0.05). Both techniques tested were effective in reducing pain and increasing MID. Due to the advantages over the conventional two-needle arthrocentesis, single-needle arthrocentesis with distension of the upper compartment should be considered as the first treatment option for patients with painful hypomobilized TMJ of DDWOR.
A New Car-Following Model considering Driving Characteristics and Preceding Vehicle’s Acceleration
Authors: Zhang Yong , Ni Ping , Li Minwei , Liu Hao , Yin Baocai
Published: October 2017

In the past decades, many improved car-following models based on the full velocity difference (FVD) model have been developed. But these models do not consider the acceleration of leading vehicle. Some of them consider individual anticipation behavior of drivers, but they either do not quantitatively determine the types of driving or artificially divide the driving types rather than deriving them from actual traffic data. In this paper, driver’s driving styles are firstly categorized based on actual traffic data via data mining and clustering algorithm. Secondly, a new car-following model based on FVD model is developed, taking into account individual anticipation effects and the acceleration of leading vehicle. The effect of driving characteristics and leading vehicle’s acceleration on car-following behavior is further analyzed via numerical simulation. The results show that considering the acceleration of preceding vehicle in the model improves the stability of traffic flow and different driving characteristics have different influence on the stability of traffic flow.
Unusual Etiology and Diagnosis of Oroantral Communication due to Late Implant Failure
Authors: Nedir Rabah , Nurdin Nathalie , Paris Marion , El Hage Marc , Abi Najm Semaan , Bischof Mark
Published: October 2017

Oroantral communication (OAC) rarely occurs long after implant placement. The present report describes the rare etiology and the difficulty of the diagnosis of an uncommon OAC occurring 10 years after the implant placement in the posterior maxilla. The difficulty of the diagnosis lies in the absence of clinical symptoms of sinusitis and presence of multiunit prosthesis hiding implant failure. This case report supports the need for sinus check-up during a routine implant examination.
Gossypiboma Resection after Eight Years in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Diabetes
Authors: Unruh Kenley , Hsieh Hsien Sing Sam
Published: October 2017

Gossypiboma is the term used to refer to a mass formed by surgical material left in the body cavity after surgery. We present the case of a middle-aged woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis controlled with corticosteroids and biologic therapies, uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus, and cesarean section with postoperative bleeding eight years earlier, who presents with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and is found to have a gossypiboma from her previous operation. A subsequent operation is undertaken to remove the gossypiboma. After the procedure, our patient’s diabetes and chronic back pain greatly improve, raising the question of gossypiboma’s role in these diseases. A review of our patient’s records found that a correct sponge count was recorded after her cesarean section, raising questions about the operating room policies regarding surgical counts, the presence of falsely correct counts, and the need for postoperative plain films in procedures with an increased risk of a retained object. Our patient’s presentation eight years after the inciting surgery raises questions about the involvement her immunosuppressive therapy may have had in cloaking the gossypiboma. Our case also raises the question of surgical culpability, including the ethical and legal considerations for apology from the culpable surgeon.
Short‐Term Load Forecasting Model Based on the Fusion of PSRT and QCNN
Authors: Zhang Zhisheng
Published: October 2017

Short‐term load forecasting (STLF) model based on the fusion of Phase Space Reconstruction Theory (PSRT) and Quantum Chaotic Neural Networks (QCNN) was proposed. The quantum computation and chaotic mechanism were integrated into QCNN, which was composed of quantum neurons and chaotic neurons. QCNN has four layers, and they are the input layer, the first hidden layer of quantum hidden nodes, the second hidden layer of chaotic hidden nodes, and the output layer. The theoretical basis of constructing QCNN is Phase Space Reconstruction Theory (PSRT). Through the actual example simulation, the simulation results show that proposed model has good forecasting precision and stability.
Calculation Algorithm for Diffraction Losses of Multiple Obstacles Based on Epstein–Peterson Approach
Authors: Abdulrasool Ahmad S. , Aziz Jabir S. , Abou-Loukh Sadiq J.
Published: October 2017

Applying propagation models with good accuracy is an essential issue for increasing the capacity and improving the coverage of cellular communication systems. This work presents an algorithm to calculate total diffraction losses for multiple obstacles objects using Epstein–Peterson approach. The proposed algorithmic procedure to model the diffracting can be integrated with other propagation mechanisms in ray-tracing for the prediction of received signal level in non-line-of-sight environments. This algorithm can be interpreted into software application to scan large areas with a reasonable simulation time.
Identification of Neuroprotective Factors Associated with Successful Ageing and Risk of Cognitive Impairment among Malaysia Older Adults
Authors: Lau Huijin , Mat Ludin Arimi Fitri , Rajab Nor Fadilah , Shahar Suzana
Published: October 2017

The increase of ageing population has raised public attention on the concept of successful ageing. Studies have shown that vitamin D, telomere length, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been associated with cognitive function. Therefore, this study aimed to identify neuroprotective factors for cognitive decline in different ageing groups. A total of 300 older adults aged 60 years and above were recruited in this population based cross-sectional study. Participants were categorized into three groups: mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n=100), usual ageing (UA) (n=100), and successful ageing (SA) (n=100). Dietary vitamin D intake was assessed through Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ). Out of the 300 participants, only 150 were subjected to fasting blood sample collection. These samples were used for serum vitamin D and plasma BDNF measurements. Whole blood telomere length was measured using RT-PCR method. The results show that the reduction of the risk of MCI was achieved by higher serum vitamin D level (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92–0.99, p<0.05), higher plasma BDNF level (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30–0.88,  p<0.05), and longer telomere (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99,  p<0.001). In conclusion, participants with higher vitamin D level, higher BDNF level, and longer telomere length were more likely to age successfully.
Sacral Stress Fracture in an Amateur Badminton Player
Authors: Yuasa Yusuke , Miyakoshi Naohisa , Hongo Michio , Ebata Kunio , Tomioka Tatsuru , Shimada Yoichi
Published: October 2017

Sacral stress fractures are rare among athletes but have been reported most frequently in long distance runners. We report herein the first case of a sacral stress fracture in an amateur badminton player. A 16-year-old, left-handed adolescent girl, who had just started to play badminton 3 months previously, complained of acute left buttock pain when she received a shuttlecock. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a linear lesion of the left sacrum with low signal intensity on T1- and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, which was consistent with a stress fracture. Conservative treatment with rest relieved her symptoms. Her fracture was considered to have occurred due to repetition of an exercise that caused excessive vertical power.
Polymer Electrolytes Based on Borane/Poly(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Soydan Ali Murat , Akdeniz Recep
Published: October 2017

This work presents a different approach to preparing polymer electrolytes having borate ester groups for lithium ion batteries. The polymers were synthesized by reaction between poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) and BH3-THF complex. Molecular weight of PEGMEs was changed with different chain lengths. Then the polymer electrolytes comprising boron were prepared by doping of the matrices with CF3SO3Li at various molar ratios with respect to EO to Li and they are abbreviated as PEGMEX-B-Y. The identification of the PEGME-borate esters was carried out by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thermal properties of these electrolytes were investigated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The ionic conductivity of these novel polymer electrolytes was studied by dielectric-impedance spectroscopy. Lithium ion conductivity of these electrolytes was changed by the length of PEGME as well as the doping ratios. They exhibit approximate conductivities of 10−4 S·cm−1 at 30°C and 10−3 S·cm−1 at 100°C.
Immunotherapy as a Promising Treatment for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Janiczek Marlena , Szylberg Łukasz , Kasperska Anna , Kowalewski Adam , Parol Martyna , Antosik Paulina , Radecka Barbara , Marszałek Andrzej
Published: October 2017

Prostate cancer treatment is currently based on surgical removal, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy. In recent years, another therapeutic method has emerged—immunological treatment. Immunotherapy modulates and strengthens one’s immune responses against cancer. Neoplastic cells naturally escape from the control of the immune system, and the main goal of immune therapy is to bring the control back. Satisfying outcomes after treatment of advanced melanoma and lung cancer suggest a great potential of immunotherapy as an approach for other tumors’ treatment, especially in patients primarily introduced to palliative care. After initial clinical trials, immunotherapy seems to have different side effects than chemotherapy. Prostate cancer was the first neoplasm in which a specific vaccine significantly improved survival. There is a tremendous potential for synergistic combinations of immunotherapy with conventional cancer treatments. A combination of several drugs or methods can be a key in radical treatment of metastatic prostate cancer as demonstrated by preliminary studies.
Jinhong Tablet Reduces Damage of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in Rats with Acute Biliary Infection via Bcl‐2/Bax mRNA and Protein Regulation
Authors: Liang Xiaoqiang , Ni Xiao , Wang YongQi , Xie Jinkun , Zhang Xuelin , Gu Honggang , Zhang Jingzhe
Published: October 2017

Objective. To explore the effects and mechanism of Jinhong Tablet on intestinal mucosal barrier function and SIRS in rats with acute biliary infection. Methods. 36 SD male rats were divided into three groups: sham operation (control), acute biliary infection (ABI) model, and Jinhong Tablet (Jinhong) group. Jinhong group were force‐fed with Jinhong Tablet, while the other two groups received oral saline. At days 3 and 5, morphological changes of intestinal mucosa were assessed. Serum diamine oxidase (DAO), D‐lactate, and endotoxin levels were measured. And the genes bcl‐2 and bax in intestinal tissues were tested by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. Results. Intestinal damage was significantly less severe in Jinhong group compared with ABI group, as indicated by Chiu’s scoring, TUNEL analysis, and serum DAO, D‐lactic acid, and endotoxin levels. Additionally, the expression of bax mRNA and protein was decreased and the ratio of bcl‐2/bax mRNA and protein was increased compared with ABI group. Conclusion. Jinhong Tablet had a positive intervention on acute biliary infection through improving inflammation and intestinal mucosal barrier, inhibiting excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells via bax and bcl‐2 gene, and protein regulation.
Preparation of Palladium-Impregnated Ceria by Metal Complex Decomposition for Methane Steam Reforming Catalysis
Authors: Wattanathana Worawat , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Veranitisagul Chatchai , Laosiripojana Navadol , Koonsaeng Nattamon , Laobuthee Apirat
Published: October 2017

Palladium-impregnated ceria materials were successfully prepared via an integrated procedure between a metal complex decomposition method and a microwave-assisted wetness impregnation. Firstly, ceria (CeO2) powders were synthesized by thermal decomposition of cerium(III) complexes prepared by using cerium(III) nitrate or cerium(III) chloride as a metal source to form a metal complex precursor with triethanolamine or benzoxazine dimer as an organic ligand. Palladium(II) nitrate was consequently introduced to the preformed ceria materials using wetness impregnation while applying microwave irradiation to assist dispersion of the dopant. The palladium-impregnated ceria materials were obtained by calcination under reduced atmosphere of 10% H2 in He stream at 700°C for 2 h. Characterization of the palladium-impregnated ceria materials reveals the influences of the metal complex precursors on the properties of the obtained materials. Interestingly, the palladium-impregnated ceria prepared from the cerium(III)-benzoxazine dimer complex revealed significantly higher BET specific surface area and higher content of the more active Pdδ+ (δ > 2) species than the materials prepared from cerium(III)-triethanolamine complexes. Consequently, it exhibited the most efficient catalytic activity in the methane steam reforming reaction. By optimization of the metal complex precursors, characteristics of the obtained palladium-impregnated ceria catalysts can be modified and hence influence the catalytic activity.
Leveraging Multiactions to Improve Medical Personalized Ranking for Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Gao Shan , Guo Guibing , Li Runzhi , Wang Zongmin
Published: October 2017

Nowadays, providing high-quality recommendation services to users is an essential component in web applications, including shopping, making friends, and healthcare. This can be regarded either as a problem of estimating users’ preference by exploiting explicit feedbacks (numerical ratings), or as a problem of collaborative ranking with implicit feedback (e.g., purchases, views, and clicks). Previous works for solving this issue include pointwise regression methods and pairwise ranking methods. The emerging healthcare websites and online medical databases impose a new challenge for medical service recommendation. In this paper, we develop a model, MBPR (Medical Bayesian Personalized Ranking over multiple users’ actions), based on the simple observation that users tend to assign higher ranks to some kind of healthcare services that are meanwhile preferred in users’ other actions. Experimental results on the real-world datasets demonstrate that MBPR achieves more accurate recommendations than several state-of-the-art methods and shows its generality and scalability via experiments on the datasets from one mobile shopping app.
A Study of Confinement for QQ- Potentials on D3, M2, and M5 Branes
Authors: Quijada Edward , Boschi-Filho Henrique
Published: October 2017

We study analytically and numerically the interaction potentials between a pair of quark and antiquark on D3, M2, and M5 branes. These potentials are obtained using Maldacena’s method involving Wilson loops and present confining and nonconfining behaviours in different situations that we explore in this work. In particular, at the near horizon geometry, the potentials are nonconfining in agreement with conformal field theory expectations. On the other side, far from horizon, the dual field theories are no longer conformal and the potentials present confinement. This is in agreement with the behaviour of strings in flat space where the string mimics the expected flux tube of QCD. A study of the transition between the confining/nonconfining regimes in the three different scenarios (D3, M2, and M5) is also performed.
Effect of Heat Drawing Process on Mechanical Properties of Dry-Jet Wet Spun Fiber of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Kim Jong Won , Lee Joon Seok
Published: October 2017

Polyethylene is one of the most commonly used polymer materials. Even though linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) has better mechanical properties than other kinds of polyethylene, it is not used as a textile material because of its plastic behavior that is easy to break at the die during melt spinning. In this study, LLDPE fibers were successfully produced with a new approach using a dry-jet wet spinning and a heat drawing process. The fibers were filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve the strength and reduce plastic deformation. The crystallinity, degree of orientation, mechanical properties (strength to yield, strength to break, elongation at break, and initial modulus), electrical conductivity, and thermal properties of LLDPE fibers were studied. The results show that the addition of CNTs improved the tensile strength and the degree of crystallinity. The heat drawing process resulted in a significant increase in the tensile strength and the orientation of the CNTs and polymer chains. In addition, this study demonstrates that the heat drawing process effectively decreases the plastic deformation of LLDPE.
Cardioprotective Effect of Resveratrol in a Postinfarction Heart Failure Model
Authors: Riba Adam , Deres Laszlo , Sumegi Balazs , Toth Kalman , Szabados Eszter , Halmosi Robert
Published: October 2017

Despite great advances in therapies observed during the last decades, heart failure (HF) remained a major health problem in western countries. In order to further improve symptoms and survival in patients with heart failure, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. In some animal models of HF resveratrol (RES), it was able to prevent cardiac hypertrophy, contractile dysfunction, and remodeling. Several molecular mechanisms are thought to be involved in its protective effects, such as inhibition of prohypertrophic signaling molecules, improvement of myocardial Ca2+ handling, regulation of autophagy, and the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. In our present study, we wished to further examine the effects of RES on prosurvival (Akt‐1, GSK‐3β) and stress signaling (p38‐MAPK, ERK 1/2, and MKP‐1) pathways, on oxidative stress (iNOS, COX‐2 activity, and ROS formation), and ultimately on left ventricular function, hypertrophy and fibrosis in a murine, and isoproterenol‐ (ISO‐) induced postinfarction heart failure model. RES treatment improved left ventricle function, decreased interstitial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and the level of plasma BNP induced by ISO treatment. ISO also increased the activation of P38‐MAPK, ERK1/2Thr183-Tyr185, COX‐2, iNOS, and ROS formation and decreased the phosphorylation of Akt‐1, GSK‐3β, and MKP‐1, which were favorably influenced by RES. According to our results, regulation of these pathways may also contribute to the beneficial effects of RES in HF.
Projectile Penetration into Sandy Soil Confined by a Honeycomb-Like Structure
Authors: Luo Weiming , Shi Shaoqing , Chen Zipeng , Sun Jianhu , Wang Wenkang
Published: October 2017

HPS (Honeycomb-like Protective Structure) is a newly proposed protective structure filled with sandy soil. In order to investigate the penetration resistance of the structure, numerical simulations based on SPH method had been carried out by using LS-DYNA, which are corresponding to the experiments. The calibrated model leads to reasonable predictions of the dynamic responses and damage modes of the HPS. More situations were carried out taking factors influencing the penetration into consideration, including point of impact, angle of impact, and projectile caliber. Penetration mode was established by analyzing the energy dissipation and investigating the mechanism from the phenomenological viewpoint. Simulation results show that the resisting forces and the torque that act on the long rod projectile would be greater than those acting on the short one when instability occurred. Besides, approximate 45° angle of impact was formed in the case of off-axis, which has a certain influence on the ballistic stability, resulting in more kinetic energy of projectile dissipating in HPS and less depth of penetration. The kinetic energy of projectile dissipated in sandy soil largely and the strip slightly, and the former was greater than the sum of the latter.
Clinical Profile of Unilateral Proptosis in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Dsouza Susan , Kandula Pooja , Kamath Gurudutt , Kamath Manjunath
Published: October 2017

Proptosis, the forward protrusion of the eyeball, is a common manifestation of a wide variety of diseases inside the orbit and its spaces. Its diagnosis is usually a combined effort of the ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, neurosurgeon, and radiologist. A clinical study of twenty-five cases with unilateral proptosis were studied in different age groups over a period of about 3 years under different headings like distribution, clinical features, radiological features, histopathological aspects, management, and outcomes of diseases. Proptosis measurement was done by simple/plastic ruler exophthalmometry, and diagnosis was made after a detailed clinical examination and ancillary tests. Treatment modality was decided based on radiological and histopathological examination reports, which included medical surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy or a combination of all. In our study, most of the patients were in the age group of more than 60 years. The M : F ratio is 3 : 1. One case had a large proptosis of 18 mm above normal and 2 cases were as small as 3 mm. Diagnosis was mainly done by clinical features and confirmed by radiological and histopathological features. Most of them were treated medically (13 cases, i.e., 52%) and the rest by surgery with a combination of radiotherapy/chemotherapy (12 cases, i.e., 48%).
The Sulphate Effect on Lijiaxia Concrete Dam (China) Gallery
Authors: Zhu Xufen , Li Ji , Zhang Yi , Song Hanzhou , Zheng Hu
Published: October 2017

The concrete degradation is one of the most serious problems for a dam construct during the normal operation, which determines the dam service life. Hence, it is very important to reduce the extent of the dam concrete degradation for the safety of the dam normal operation. Here, Lijiaxia hydroelectric station is taken as an example, and a comprehensive method to assess the sulphate effect on dam gallery is proposed. Eleven samples in total were taken from three difference locations by the drill bore. The microstructural investigations including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were conducted to assess the sulphate attack and the degradation degree. Meanwhile, the water chemical analysis was applied to reveal the mechanism of concrete degradation. The experimental and analysis results indicate that the concrete degradation degree varies with the location of the samples. The components of the concrete change and the content of SO3increase dramatically during degradation. Moreover, the mineral facies of the concrete change correspondingly, with the cement paste substituted by the calcite, calcium vitriol, and gypsum. The reinforcement and precaution measures are suggested based on the results of the degradation assessment.
Development of a Blood Pressure Measurement Instrument with Active Cuff Pressure Control Schemes
Authors: Kuo Chung-Hsien , Wu Chun-Ju , Chou Hung-Chyun , Chen Guan-Ting , Kuo Yu-Cheng
Published: October 2017

This paper presents an oscillometric blood pressure (BP) measurement approach based on the active control schemes of cuff pressure. Compared with conventional electronic BP instruments, the novelty of the proposed BP measurement approach is to utilize a variable volume chamber which actively and stably alters the cuff pressure during inflating or deflating cycles. The variable volume chamber is operated with a closed-loop pressure control scheme, and it is activated by controlling the piston position of a single-acting cylinder driven by a screw motor. Therefore, the variable volume chamber could significantly eliminate the air turbulence disturbance during the air injection stage when compared to an air pump mechanism. Furthermore, the proposed active BP measurement approach is capable of measuring BP characteristics, including systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), during the inflating cycle. Two modes of air injection measurement (AIM) and accurate dual-way measurement (ADM) were proposed. According to the healthy subject experiment results, AIM reduced 34.21% and ADM reduced 15.78% of the measurement time when compared to a commercial BP monitor. Furthermore, the ADM performed much consistently (i.e., less standard deviation) in the measurements when compared to a commercial BP monitor.
A Case Report on VT from TV: DVT and PE from Prolonged Television Watching
Authors: Lucerna Alan , Espinosa James , Ackley Lindsey , Carhart Philip , Stranges Douglas , Hertz Risha
Published: October 2017

Pulmonary embolus (PE) and deep vein thrombosis are diagnoses that are commonly made in the emergency department. Well known risk factors for thromboembolic events include immobility, malignancy, pregnancy, surgery, and acquired or inherited thrombophilias, obesity, cigarette smoking, and hypertension. We present a case of a 59-year-old female who watched TV and developed leg swelling and was found to have PE and DVT.
MCMC‐Based Fatigue Crack Growth Prediction on 2024‐T6 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Du Xu , He Yu-ting , Gao Chao , Liu Kai , Zhang Teng , Zhang Sheng
Published: October 2017

This work aims to make the crack growth prediction on 2024‐T6 aluminum alloy by using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The fatigue crack growth test is conducted on the 2024‐T62 aluminum alloy standard specimens, and the scatter of fatigue crack growth behavior was analyzed by using experimental data based on mathematical statistics. An empirical analytical solution of Paris’ crack growth model was introduced to describe the crack growth behavior of 2024‐T62 aluminum alloy. The crack growth test results were set as prior information, and prior distributions of model parameters were obtained by MCMC using OpenBUGS package. In the additional crack growth test, the first test point data was regarded as experimental data and the posterior distribution of model parameters was obtained based on prior distributions combined with experimental data by using the Bayesian updating. At last, the veracity and superiority of the proposed method were verified by additional crack growth test.
Visual Quality Assessment of Posterior Capsule Opacification Using Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS)
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Jing
Published: October 2017

Objective. To evaluate intraocular scattering in eyes with posterior capsule opacification by means of an objective scatter index (OSI) obtained from double-pass images of optical quality assessment system (OQAS TM II) and to determine the indication for laser capsulotomy when patients report visual disturbances without decreased visual acuity. Methods. In this prospective, observational, and nonconsecutive case series study, a total of 32 eyes of 29 patients are diagnosed with posterior capsule opacification after age-associated cataract were analyzed. Patient examination included age, the period after cataract surgery, logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and OSI. Results. We found a significant decrease in the BCVA and increase in the OSI with the development of posterior capsule opacification. The decrease of BCVA was statistically correlated with the increase of OSI (r=0.812, P<0.01). In patients who reported visual disturbances without decreased visual acuity, OSI decreased to <1.3 and subjective symptoms were resolved in all cases although there was no significant improvement in visual acuity after laser capsulotomy. Conclusions. The results of our study showed that OSI is also a useful parameter for objectively evaluating posterior capsule opacification. OSI may help predict laser capsulotomy in patients who report visual disturbances without decreased visual acuity.
The Incorporation of Strontium in a Sodium Alginate Coating on Titanium Surfaces for Improved Biological Properties
Authors: Yuan Ning , Jia Lili , Geng Zhen , Wang Renfeng , Li Zhaoyang , Yang Xianjin , Cui Zhenduo , Zhu Shengli , Liang Yanqin , Liu Yunde
Published: October 2017

Orthopedic implant failure is mainly attributed to the poor bonding of the implant to bone tissue. An effective approach to minimize the implant failure would be modifying the surface of the implant. Strontium (Sr) can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and reduce the activity of osteoclasts. In this study, a titanium (Ti) surface was successively functionalized by covalently grafting dopamine, sodium alginate (SA), and Sr2+ via the electrostatic immobilization method. The as-prepared coatings on the Ti surface were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle. The results indicated that the Sr-incorporated coatings were successfully prepared and that Sr distributed uniformly on the surface. A long-lasting and sustained Sr release had been observed in Sr2+ release studies. The Ti/DOPA/SA/Sr exhibited little cytotoxicity and a robust effect of Sr incorporation on the adhesion and spreading of MG63 cells. The proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MG63 cells were enhanced by immobilizing Sr2+ on the SA-grafted Ti. The Sr-containing coatings, which displayed excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic activity, may provide a promising solution for promoting the tissue integration of implants.
JAM-C Identifies Src Family Kinase-Activated Leukemia-Initiating Cells and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: De Grandis Maria , Bardin Florence , Fauriat Cyril , Zemmour Christophe , El-Kaoutari Abdessamad , Sergé Arnauld , Granjeaud Samuel , Pouyet Laurent , Montersino Camille , Chretien Anne-Sophie , Mozziconacci Marie-Joelle , Castellano Remy , Bidaut Ghislain , Boher Jean-Marie , Collette Yves , Mancini Stéphane J.C. , Vey Norbert , Aurrand-Lions Michel
Published: October 2017

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) originates from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that acquire somatic mutations, leading to disease and clonogenic evolution. AML is characterized by accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and phenotypic cellular heterogeneity reflective of normal hematopoietic differentiation. Here, we show that JAM-C expression defines a subset of leukemic cells endowed with leukemia-initiating cell activity (LIC). Stratification of de novo AML patients at diagnosis based on JAM-C–expressing cells frequencies in the blood served as an independent prognostic marker for disease outcome. Using publicly available leukemic stem cell (LSC) gene expression profiles and gene expression data generated from JAM-C–expressing leukemic cells, we defined a single cell core gene expression signature correlated to JAM-C expression that reveals LSC heterogeneity. Finally, we demonstrated that JAM-C controls Src family kinase (SFK) activation in LSC and that LIC with exacerbated SFK activation was uniquely found within the JAM-C–expressing LSC compartment. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6627–40. ©2017 AACR.
Transmembrane and Coiled-Coil Domain 1 Impairs the AKT Signaling Pathway in Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Characterization of a Tumor Suppressor
Authors: Li Chien-Feng , Wu Wen-Ren , Chan Ti-Chun , Wang Yu-Hui , Chen Lih-Ren , Wu Wen-Jeng , Yeh Bi-Wen , Liang Shih-Shin , Shiue Yow-Ling
Published: October 2017

Purpose: Urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC) is a common malignant disease in developed countries. Cell-cycle dysregulation resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation has been associated with UBUC development. This study aimed to explore the roles of TMCO1 in UBUCs.

Experimental Design: Data mining, branched DNA assay, immunohistochemistry, xenograft, cell culture, quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, stable and transient transfection, lentivirus production and stable knockdown, cell-cycle, cell viability and proliferation, soft-agar, wound-healing, transwell migration and invasion, coimmunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry, and AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) activity assays and site-directed mutagenesis were used to study TMCO1 involvement in vivo and in vitro.

Results: Data mining identified that the TMCO1 transcript was downregulated during the progression of UBUCs. In distinct UBUC-derived cell lines, changes in TMCO1 levels altered the cell-cycle distribution, cell viability, cell proliferation, and colony formation and modulated the AKT pathway. TMCO1 recruited the PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) to dephosphorylate pAKT1(serine 473) (S473). Mutagenesis at S60 of the TMCO1 protein released TMCO1-induced cell-cycle arrest and restored the AKT pathway in BFTC905 cells. Stable TMCO1 (wild-type) overexpression suppressed, whereas T33A and S60A mutants recovered, tumor size in xenograft mice.

Conclusions: Clinical associations, xenograft mice, and in vitro indications provide solid evidence that the TMCO1 gene is a novel tumor suppressor in UBUCs. TMCO1 dysregulates cell-cycle progression via suppression of the AKT pathway, and S60 of the TMCO1 protein is crucial for its tumor-suppressor roles. Clin Cancer Res; 23(24); 7650–63. ©2017 AACR.
A Complex Network of Tumor Microenvironment in Human High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kreuzinger Caroline , Geroldinger Angelika , Smeets Dominiek , Braicu Elena Ioana , Sehouli Jalid , Koller Julia , Wolf Andrea , Darb-Esfahani Silvia , Joehrens Korinna , Vergote Ignace , Vanderstichele Adriaan , Boeckx Bram , Lambrechts Diether , Gabra Hani , Wisman G. Bea A. , Trillsch Fabian , Heinze Georg , Horvat Reinhard , Polterauer Stephan , Berns Els , Theillet Charles , Cacsire Castillo-Tong Dan
Published: October 2017

Purpose: Most high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients develop recurrent disease after first-line treatment, frequently with fatal outcome. This work aims at studying the molecular biology of both primary and recurrent HGSOC.

Experimental Design: Gene expression profiles of matched primary and recurrent fresh-frozen tumor tissues from 66 HGSOC patients were obtained by RNA sequencing. Clustering analyses and pairwise comparison of the profiles between matched samples and subsequent functional alignment were used for the identification of molecular characteristics of HGSOC.

Results: Both primary and recurrent HGSOC samples presented predominant gene expression differences in their microenvironment, determined by a panel of genes covering all major pathways of immune activation together with a number of genes involved in the remodeling of extracellular matrix and adipose tissues. Stratifying tumor tissues into immune active and silent groups, we further discovered that although some recurrent tumors shared the same immune status as their primary counterparts, others switched the immune status, either from silent to active or active to silent. Interestingly, genes belonging to the B7-CD28 immune checkpoint family, known for their major role as negative regulators of the immune response, were overexpressed in the immune active tumors. Searching for potential tumor antigens, CEACAM21, a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen family, was found to be significantly overexpressed in immune active tissues in comparison with the silent ones.

Conclusions: The results illustrate the complexity of the tumor microenvironment in HGSOC and reveal the molecular relationship between primary and recurrent tumors, which have multiple therapeutic implications. Clin Cancer Res; 23(24); 7621–32. ©2017 AACR.