bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulations of Whole Blood in Three-Dimensional Shear Flow
Authors: Tan Sisi , Xu Mingze
Published: January 2020

Numerical modeling of whole blood still faces great challenges although significant progress has been achieved in recent decades, because of the large differences of physical and geometric properties among blood components, including red blood cells (RBCs), platelets (PLTs) and white blood cells (WBCs). In this work, we develop a three-dimensional (3D) smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model to study the whole blood in shear flow. The immersed boundary method (IBM) is used to deal with the interaction between the fluid and cells, which provides a possibility to model the RBCs, PLTs and WBCs simultaneously. The deformation of a small capsule, comparable to a PLT in size, is first examined to show the feasibility of SPH model for the PLTs’ behaviors. The motion of a single RBC in shear flow is then studied, and three typical modes, tank-treading, swinging and tumbling motions, are reproduced, which further confirm the reliability of the SPH model. After that, a simulation of the whole blood in shear flow is carried out, in which the margination trend is observed for both PLTs and WBC. This shows the capability of SPH model with IBM for the simulation of whole blood.
One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of MWCNT/ZrO2 Composites for Enhancing Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance
Authors: Xing Honglong , Liu Qingping , Zhang Ligang , Liu Ye , Hu Mingqiang
Published: January 2020

Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials have drawn a lot of attention because they can effectively reduce EM wave pollution from electronic equipment. In this work, we combined ZrO2 nanoparticles with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and explored applications of MWCNT/ZrO2 composites in EM wave absorbing field. ZrO2 nanoparticles with a high crystalline were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. Adding MWCNTs in this hydrothermal process, ZrO2 nanoparticles aggregated together to form uneven lumps and wraps on MWCNTs surfaces. MWCNTs improved the conductivity loss and electron polarization capability of composites. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of MWCNT/ZrO2 composites reached [Formula: see text]39.73 dB at a thickness of 2[Formula: see text]mm. Such excellent EM wave absorption properties are attributed to the dielectric loss, dipole polarizations and interfacial polarizations. This composite can be a promising candidate as high efficiency EM wave absorption material and used for commercial production because of the simple synthesis methods.
Interaction between Graphene Oxide and the Mycelia ofMorchella sextelata
Authors: Tan Renhao , Li Jiwei , Zhou Li , Zhou Lu , Lei Jia , He Xinsheng , Zhu Wenkun
Published: January 2020

Graphene oxide (GO) is expected to be harmful to the environment due to the toxicity. Accordingly, this work aimed to assess the potential harm of GO to the environment by investigating the toxicity of GO to the M. sextelata, and the effects of M. sextelata to GO. The dry weights, IR spectra, morphology, ultra-structures of mycelia, pH, conductivities of culture media, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured to display the potential hazards of GO to M. sextelata. Then the Raman spectroscopy, dispersibility, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of GO were measured to show the effect of M. sextelata on GO. The results indicated that the lower GO concentrations promoted the growth of M. sextelata while the high level of GO inhibited the growth process of M. sextelata. After 7 d of culture, the effect was suppressive, with the biomass significantly reduced by 10.10%, the MDA content of G200 increased by 69.06%. GO nanosheets covered the surface of mycelia which caused change of the mycelial microstructures. Correspondingly, M. sextelata induces more defects in GO, accompanied by poor dispersion of GO in ethanol. Based on the XPS analysis, in the G10, G50 and G200 treatments, their atomic percentage of nitrogen in GO increased by 3.03%, 4.28% and 2.2%, respectively, and the atomic percentage of oxygen in GO reduced by 8.61%, 9.42% and 4.09%, respectively. The effect of mycelia on GO is mainly in deoxygenated and nitrogen-doped. We expected that the above results would provide a reference for the environmental hazard of GO.
The Kosova landslide, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Winter M. G. , Reeves S. J. , Smajlović S. , Ghataora G. , Šehić D. , Zejnić H.
Published: January 2020

The Kosova landslide is located in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This large translational landslide caused significant damage to the main road, located in the toe area, and to buildings on the slide mass during its most recent movement in May 2014. In this Photographic Feature the landslide and the associated building damage are illustrated and the authors’ views on future investigation and monitoring are expressed. It seems clear that the landslide has the potential to dam the Bosna River and to create significant risk associated with the hazards of flooding and subsequent landslide dam burst. As the river forms the border between the Federation and the Republika Srpska, the governance of the landslide risk management process is also a major issue that will need to be resolved. It is clear that a significant amount of work is required on the Kosova landslide and this Photographic Feature has been prepared to highlight the main issues, including building damage, and risks related to the landslide and to provide a very brief introduction to those who may visit it in the future.
Why clear communication means aiming for the lowest common denominator---and then some
Authors: Yaffe Philip
Published: January 2020

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.

If you say something the audience doesn't understand, you will lose some (if not all) of their attention---especially when discussing complex subjects. Limiting the assumptions you make about your readers' level of understanding is a key element to good writing.
A conversation with Richard Skarbez
Authors: Anjum Bushra
Published: January 2020

In this series of interviews with innovation leaders, Ubiquity Associate Editor and software engineer, Dr. Bushra Anjum sits down with Dr. Richard Skarbez, a lecturer in the Department of Computer Science and Information Technology at La Trobe University, to discuss augmented, mixed, or virtual realities and how users interact with such technologies.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Alleviates Podocyte EMT Passage by Regulating AKT/GSK3 β/β‐Catenin Pathway by Restoring Autophagic Activity
Authors: Shi Yimin , Gao Yanbin , Wang Tao , Wang Xiaolei , He Jiaxin , Xu Jiayi , Wu Bingjie , Li Yimeng
Published: January 2020

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a complication of diabetes, is the result of high glucose‐induced pathological changes in podocytes, such as epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Autophagy is an important mechanism of podocyte repair. Ginsenoside Rg1, the active ingredient of ginseng extract, has antifibrotic and proautophagic effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that ginsenoside Rg1 can reverse podocyte EMT via autophagy and alleviate DN. Aim. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on DN rats and high glucose‐induced podocyte EMT by regulating the AKT/GSK3β/β‐catenin pathway by restoring autophagy activity. Methods. Diabetic rats induced by STZ injection were treated with 50 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 for 8 weeks, and the renal functional, metabolic, and histopathological indices were evaluated. DN was simulated in vitro by exposing podocytes to high glucose levels and treated with ginsenoside Rg1. The expression of EMT and autophagy‐related markers was analyzed in vivo and in vitro by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and real‐time PCR. Results. Ginsenoside Rg1 significantly alleviated renal fibrosis and podocyte EMT in diabetic rats, and podocytes exposed to high glucose levels, which was abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3‐MA. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg1 regulated the AKT/GSK3 β/β‐catenin pathway by restoring autophagic activity. Conclusion. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviated podocyte EMT by enhancing AKT/GSK3β/β‐catenin pathway‐mediated autophagy, indicating its therapeutic potential for DN and other glomerular diseases.
Maternally Inherited Diabetes Mellitus Associated with a Novel m.15897G>A Mutation in Mitochondrial tRNAThr Gene
Authors: Li Ke , Wu Lijun , Liu Jianjiang , Lin Wei , Qi Qiang , Zhao Tianlan
Published: January 2020

We report here the clinical, genetic, and molecular characteristics of type 2 diabetes in a Chinese family. There are differences in the severity and age of onset in diabetes among these families. By molecular analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome in this family, we identified the homoplasmic m.15897G>A mutation underwent sequence analysis of whole mitochondrial DNA genome, which localized at conventional position ten of tRNAThr, and distinct sets of mtDNA polymorphisms belonging to haplogroup D4b1. This mutation has been implicated to be important for tRNA identity and stability. Using cybrid cell models, the decreased efficiency of mitochondrial tRNAThr levels caused by the m.15897G>A mutation results in respiratory deficiency, protein synthesis and assembly, mitochondrial ATP synthesis, and mitochondrial membrane potential. These mitochondrial dysfunctions caused an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species in the mutant cell lines. These data provide a direct evidence that a novel tRNA mutation was associated with T2DM. Thus, our findings provide a new insight into the understanding of pathophysiology of maternally inherited diabetes.
Cellular Reference Materials for DNA Damage Using Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Atha Donald H. , Cole Omobola , Clancy Breece , Tona Alessandro , Reipa Vytas
Published: January 2020

Reference materials are needed to quantify the level of DNA damage in cells, to assess sources of measurement variability and to compare results from different laboratories. The comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) is a widely used method to determine DNA damage in the form of strand breaks. Here we examine the use of electrochemical oxidation to produce DNA damage in cultured mammalian cells and quantify its percentage using the comet assay. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were grown on an indium tin oxide electrode surface and exposed 12 h to electrochemical potentials ranging from 0.5 V to 1.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The resulting cells were harvested and analyzed by comet and a cell viability assay. We observed a linear increase in the percentage (DNA in tail) of strand breaks along with a loss of cell viability with increasing oxidation potential value. The results indicate that electrochemically induced DNA damage can be produced in mammalian cells under well-controlled conditions and could be considered in making a cellular reference material for the comet assay.
A Novel Method for DOA and Time Delay Joint Estimation in Multipath OFDM Environment
Authors: Li Xiangzhi , Cui Weijia , Xu Haiyun , Ba Bin , Zhang Yankui
Published: January 2020

Joint time delay and direction of arrival estimation based on uniform linear arrays in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems has to face the problems posed by coherent multipath environments and high computational complexity. In this paper, a novel fast method is proposed to achieve a joint direction-of-arrival (DOA) and time-dealy (TD) estimation of multipath OFDM signals by fully using space-frequency characteristics. Firstly, we construct an extended virtual array by combining the array structure and frequency-domain information. Then, we calculate the extended channel frequency response matrix and adopt smoothing processing to eliminate the multipath effect. Next, we get the result of DOA estimation by using a closed-form solution, which costs little complexity and can achieve fast estimation. Finally, we conduct a one-dimensional spectral search using the obtained DOA values to estimate time delays. Simulation results show that our proposed methods have excellent performance even under low SNR conditions in different multipath environments. Furthermore, methods proposed in this paper have much less computational complexity and better estimation performance compared with the multidimensional spectral peak search methods.
Repellent and Feeding Deterrent Activities of Butanolides and Lignans Isolated fromCinnamomum camphoraagainstTribolium castaneum
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Li-Ting , Zhang Di , Guo Shan-Shan , Xi Chao , Du Shu-Shan
Published: January 2020

Three lignans (1–3) and three butanolides (4–6) were isolated from the lipophilic extract of theCinnamomum camphorastem bark. The six compounds were identified as (-)-sesamin (1), 9α-hydroxysesamin (2), 9β-hydroxysesamin (3), obtusilactone A (4), isoobtusilactone A (IOA, 5), and isomahubanolide (6) from their spectroscopic data. Four (1, 2 and 5, 6) of them were evaluated for their repellent and feeding deterrent activities againstTribolium castaneum. In this work, the three butanolides (4–6) were confirmed to exist inC. camphorafor the first time. Results of bioassays indicated that (-)-sesamin (1), IOA (5), and isomahubanolide (6) displayed certain repellent activities againstT. castaneumat 78.63, 15.73, and 3.15 μg/cm2at 2 h after exposure. Among the three compounds, (-)-sesamin (1) and IOA (5) exerted stronger effects and maintained longer duration of repellency. Furthermore, IOA (5) and isomahubanolide (6) showed good feeding deterrent activity againstT. castaneum. IOA (5) was still potently active at low concentrations with the feeding deterrence index (FDI) ranging from 42.85% to 50.66% at 15–1500 ppm. This work provides some evidence for explaining antiinsect properties of the nonvolatile fraction of theC. camphorastem bark and helps promote the development and comprehensive utilization of this tree species.
Propagation of Electromagnetic Wave into an Illuminated Polysilicon PV Cell
Authors: Bokoyo Barandja Vinci de Dieu , Zouma Bernard , Mackpayen Auguste Oscar , Zoungrana Martial , Zerbo Issa , Bathiebo Dieudonné Joseph
Published: January 2020

The increasing cohabitation between telecommunication antennas generating electromagnetic waves and solar panels poses the problem of interaction between these radio waves and solar cells. In order to study the effect of radio waves on the performance of a polycrystalline silicon solar cell in a three-dimensional approach, it is necessary to assess the attenuation of the radio wave in the illuminated polysilicon grain and also to find the expressions of its components. This work investigated the attenuation of radio waves into a polycrystalline silicon grain by analyzing, firstly, the behaviour of the penetration length of the radio waves into the polysilicon grain and secondly, the behaviour of the attenuation factor. The propagation of the radio waves into the polycrystalline silicon grain can be considered without attenuation that can be neglected.
Characterizations of Gene Alterations in Melanoma Patients from Chinese Population
Authors: Luo Yi , Zhang Zhenzhen , Liu Jianfan , Li Linqing , Xu Xuezheng , Yao Xinyu , Dai Zixun , Wang Xin , Yang Shuo , Wu Hongwei , Bu Jie , Wu Yuan , Xiang Tianmin , Li Xianan
Published: January 2020

Melanoma is a human skin malignant tumor with high invasion and poor prognosis. The limited understanding of genomic alterations in melanomas in China impedes the diagnosis and therapeutic strategy selection. We conducted comprehensive genomic profiling of melanomas from 39 primary and metastatic formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples from 27 patients in China based on an NGS panel of 223 genes. No significant difference in gene alterations was found between primary and metastasis melanomas. The status of germline mutation, CNV, and somatic mutation in our cohort was quite different from that reported in Western populations. We further delineated the mutation patterns of 4 molecular subgroups (BRAF, RAS, NF1, and Triple‐WT) of melanoma in our cohort. BRAF mutations were more frequently identified in melanomas without chromic sun‐induced damage (non‐CSD), while RAS mutations were more likely observed in acral melanomas. NF1 and Triple‐WT subgroups were unbiased between melanomas arising in non‐CSD and acral skin. BRAF, RAS, and NF1 mutations were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis or presence of ulceration, implying that these cancer driver genes were independent prognostic factors. In summary, our results suggest that mutational profiles of malignant melanomas in China are significantly different from Western countries, and both gene mutation and amplification play an important role in the development and progression of melanomas.
Human Supernumerary Teeth-Derived Apical Papillary Stem Cells Possess Preferable Characteristics and Efficacy on Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Yao Jun , Chen Nan , Wang Xiaojing , Zhang Leisheng , Huo Jiali , Chi Ying , Li Zongjin , Han Zhongchao
Published: January 2020

Dental tissue has been acknowledged as an advantaged source for high-quality dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) preparation. However, despite the accomplishment of the separation of DPSCs from permanent teeth and supernumerary teeth, the deficiency of rigorous and systematic clarification on the signatures and efficacy will hinder their prospects in regenerative medicine. In this study, we primitively isolated permanent teeth-derived DPSCs and supernumerary teeth-derived apical papillary stem cells (SCAP-Ss) with parental consent. Immunophenotype of DPSCs and SCAP-Ss was determined by a flow cytometry assay, and the cell viability was verified by multidimensional detections including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and senescence. The migration and clonogenic capacity were examined by a wound healing test and crystal violet staining, respectively. The multilineage differentiation potential was quantitated by utilizing Oil Red O staining and Alizarin Red staining, together with real-time PCR analysis. The efficacy on a mouse hepatic fibrosis model was evaluated by using histologic sections and liver function tests. Herein, we showed that SCAP-Ss exhibited comparable immunophenotype and adipogenic differentiation capacity as DPSCs. However, different from DPSCs, SCAP-Ss exhibited superiority in cell viability and osteogenic differentiation. Simultaneously, injection of DPSCs and SCAP-Ss significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration, enhanced liver-associated gene expression, and finally relieved symptoms of hepatic fibrosis. In conclusion, SCAP-Ss possess preferable characteristics and efficacy on hepatic fibrosis in mice. Our findings suggest that SCAP-Ss are an easily accessible postnatal stem cell source with multifaceted characteristics for regenerative medicine.
Liquefiable Ground Treatment Using Cruciform Section Probe Resonant Compaction Method: A Case Study in the Xitong Expressway, Eastern China
Authors: Du Guangyin , Xia Han , Cai Jun , Pan Huangsong , Sun Changshen
Published: January 2020

The foundation treatment of liquefiable soil has always been an important part of construction. Sand liquefaction decreases the foundation capacity and can cause severe building, highway, or bridge engineering accidents. This study used self‐developed cruciform section probe resonant compaction equipment (CSPRCE) to evaluate the applicability and reinforcement effect of the Xitong Expressway foundation. The cone penetration test (CPT) results showed that this soil was liquefiable ground requiring treatment before construction. Laboratory tests illustrated that the clay particle content was nearly 10% in the surface layer, indicating that the traditional resonant compaction probe (RCP) would not provide effective reinforcement; therefore, we adopted the new resonant compaction method (RCM) for the reinforcement process. The CPT and standard penetration test (SPT) results after foundation reinforcement indicated that the cruciform section probe resonant compaction method (CSPRCM) is suitable for treating the Xitong Expressway liquefiable foundation. Before reinforcement, 7‐8 liquefiable soil layers were observed, whereas after reinforcement, no foundation testing points were liquefiable. Cone resistance and unit sleeve friction resistance were both improved by a factor of nearly 3 after the CSPRCM reinforcement. The CSPRCM has wider applicability than traditional vibrating compaction methods, especially for sites with a high content of silt and clay particles. The strengthening mechanism of the CSPRCM is a vibration hammer that generates vibrational energy to obliterate the original soil structure and render the sand completely liquefied; the soil particles then rearrange to form a new structure.
A Single-Center Early Experience of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Lesions in Thailand
Authors: Mahawongkajit Prasit
Published: January 2020

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was also considered a “high risk” at the starting point with skillful endoscopic techniques and terrible complications. Still, it remains challenging yet has become widespread among institutes in many parts of the world. This study is aimed at further investigating the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of ESD of gastric lesions and at evaluating clinical outcomes in early experience. The patient characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and results of histopathological examinations were reviewed retrospectively between January 2017 and May 2019. Thirteen patients’ gastric ESD were included with all of en bloc resections without recurrence. The long duration was related to the large lesion, the upper part of the stomach, and previous treatment. In this study, the ESD procedure of the stomach is a feasible and safe minimally invasive treatment option with organ preservation. It requires training and experience with a learning approach where skill may be improved to prevent unwanted complications.
The Role of C1-Esterase Inhibitors in the Management of Vasogenic Edema in Glioblastoma
Authors: Naro Gillian R. , Noverati Nicholas , Craig Timothy
Published: January 2020

Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most common adult primary brain tumors, classified as a grade IV astrocytoma and highly malignant in nature. As the tumor grows and disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB), vasogenic edema can result. The edema has the potential to significantly contribute to a patient’s morbidity and mortality. Bradykinin has been theorized to play a role in this process as well as encourage tumor spread. Here we discuss a case in which a patient with vasogenic edema and angioedema refractory to antihistamines and high dose corticosteroids responded to C1-esterase inhibitor (C1INH) therapy. Though data exist concerning the role of bradykinin in GB, no clinical studies using C1INH have been done in humans with GB.
Lower Bound for the Class Number of ℚn2+4
Authors: Sankari Hasan , Issa Ahmad
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we give an explicit lower bound for the class number of real quadratic field ℚd, where d=n2+4 is a square-free integer, using  ωn which is the number of odd prime divisors of n.
Effects of 12‐Week Exercise Program on Enzyme Activity of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase‐1 in Female Patients with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Randomized Control Study
Authors: Filipović Tamara , Gopčević Kristina , Dimitrijević Sanja , Hrković Marija , Backović Ana , Lazović Milica
Published: January 2020

Background. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by decreased bone density and destruction of bone microarchitecture. Indicators for altered bone homeostasis are changes in the serum level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a 12‐week exercise program on enzyme activity of serum MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients. Materials and methods. Participants were randomized in two groups: exercise (EG) (N = 37) and control (CG) (N = 31). The exercise group completed a 12‐week supervised exercise program, while the control group did not take part in any physical activity. Enzyme activities of serum MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 were detected by gelatin zymography and ELISA in both groups, respectively. Results. Significant differences between pretreatment and posttreatment enzyme activities of serum MMP‐9 (p = 0.009), TIMP‐1 (p ≤ 0.001), and MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 ratio (p ≤ 0.001) were detected in the exercise group. Exercises decreased the activity of serum MMP‐9 and increased the activity of TIMP‐1, while the enzyme activities of MMP‐9 (0.583) and TIMP‐1 (0.210) have not been significantly changed in CG. Patients from the exercise group had better treatment. Conclusion. Our results suggest that a 12‐week exercise program has an influence on enzyme activity of serum MMP‐9, revealing a possible role of MMPs in initiating training‐specific adaptation. Although measurements of circulating MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 allowed us to detect effects of exercise, as of today, they have no real role in the diagnosis of osteoporosis and/or follow‐up of osteoporotic patient’s response to treatment. MMP‐9 might be used as an important prognostic marker for the evaluation of patient’s response to exercise. Larger‐randomized controlled studies need to be performed to expand this area of knowledge. This trial is registered with trial registration number: NCT03816449).
Overcoming Adaptive Resistance to KRAS Inhibitors Through Vertical Pathway Targeting
Authors: Yaeger Rona , Solit David B.
Published: January 2020

KRAS G12C inhibitors have shown promise in KRAS G12C–mutant lung cancer but intrinsic and acquired resistance are common. Cotreatment with inhibitors of the protein phosphatase SHP2 can abrogate the adaptive response of cancer cells to KRAS inhibitors resulting in greater suppression of MAPK signaling and enhanced tumor growth inhibition.

See related article by Ryan et al., p. 1633
Multi-objective optimization and linear buckling of serial chain of a medical robot tool for soft tissue surgery
Authors: Ilewicz Grzegorz , Harlecki Andrzej
Published: January 2020

The slender structures of a medical robot may have a tendency to buckling when a force equal to the critical Euler force and an additional disturbance will work on their structures. In this work, eigenvalue problem that describes the linear buckling is under consideration. The main goal of the article is to check when linear buckling phenomenon appears in construction of a medical robot with serial chain due to the fact that for safety reasons of a robot’s work, it is necessary to answer the question, whether the buckling may occur in the robot’s structure. For this purpose, a numerical calculation model was defined by using the finite element method. The values of load factor coefficients that are eigenvalue are determinated and also the eigenvectors that have shapes of deformation for the next eigenvalues are presented. The multi-criteria optimization model was determined to aim for the minimum mass of the effector and the buckling coefficient, from which the Euler force results, for the maximum. The solution was obtained on the basis of Pareto fronts and the MOGA genetic algorithm.
Nonlinear systems identification with discontinuous nonlinearity
Authors: Benyassi Mohamed , Brouri Adil , Slassi Smail
Published: January 2020

In this paper, nonparametric nonlinear systems identification is proposed. The considered system nonlinearity is nonparametric and is of hard type. This latter can be discontinuous and noninvertible. The entire nonlinear system is structured by Hammerstein model. Furthermore, the linear dynamic block is of any order and can be nonparametric. The problem identification method is done within two stages. In the first stage, the system nonlinearity is identified using simple input signals. In the first stage, the linear dynamic block parameters are estimated using periodic signals. The proposed algorithm can be used of large class of nonlinear systems.
How Do SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2) Inhibitors and GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) Receptor Agonists Reduce Cardiovascular Outcomes?
Authors: Lee Matthew M.Y. , Petrie Mark C. , McMurray John J.V. , Sattar Naveed
Published: January 2020

Objective:

There is substantial interest in how GLP-1RA (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) and SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular and renal events; yet, robust mechanistic data in humans remain sparse. We conducted a narrative review of published and ongoing mechanistic clinical trials investigating the actions of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs to help the community appreciate the extent of ongoing work and the variety and design of such trials.

Approach and Results:

To date, trials investigating the mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors have focused on pathways linked to glucose metabolism and toxicity, hemodynamic/volume, vascular and renal actions, and cardiac effects, including those on myocardial energetics. The participants studied have included those with established cardiovascular disease (including coronary artery disease and heart failure), liver disease, renal impairment, obesity, and hypertension; some of these trials have enrolled patients both with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1RA mechanistic trials have focused on glucose-lowering, insulin-sparing, weight reduction, and blood pressure–lowering effects, as well as possible direct vascular, cardiac, and renal effects of these agents. Very few mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1RAs have so far been convincingly demonstrated. One small trial (n=97) of SGLT2 inhibitors has investigated the cardiac effects of these drugs, where a small reduction in left ventricular mass was found. Data on vascular effects are limited to one trial in type 1 diabetes mellitus, which suggests some beneficial actions. SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce liver fat. We highlight the near absence of mechanistic data to explain the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients without diabetes mellitus. GLP-1RAs have not been found to have major cardiovascular mechanisms of action in the limited, completed trials. Conflicting data around the impact on infarct size have been reported. No effect on left ventricular ejection fraction has been demonstrated.

Conclusions:

We have tabulated the extensive ongoing mechanistic trials that will report over the coming years. We report 2 exemplar ongoing mechanistic trials in detail to give examples of the designs and techniques employed. The results of these many ongoing trials should help us understand how SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes and may also identify unexpected mechanisms suggesting novel therapeutic applications.
Hematopoietic Cell–Expressed Endothelial Nitric Oxide Protects the Liver From Insulin Resistance
Authors: Dick Brian P. , McMahan Ryan , Knowles Taft , Becker Lev , Gharib Sina A. , Vaisar Tomas , Wietecha Tomasz , O’Brien Kevin D. , Bornfeldt Karin E. , Chait Alan , Kim Francis
Published: January 2020

Objective:

Mice genetically deficient in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Nos3
−/−
) have fasting hyperinsulinemia and hepatic insulin resistance, indicating the importance of Nos3 (nitric oxide synthase) in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Although the current paradigm holds that these metabolic effects are derived specifically from the expression of Nos3 in the endothelium, it has been established that bone marrow–derived cells also express Nos3. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bone marrow–derived cell Nos3 is important in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

Approach and Results:

To test the hypothesis that bone marrow–derived cell Nos3 contributes to metabolic homeostasis, we generated chimeric male mice deficient or competent for Nos3 expression in circulating blood cells. These mice were placed on a low-fat diet for 5 weeks, a time period which is known to induce hepatic insulin resistance in global Nos3-deficient mice but not in wild-type C57Bl/6 mice. Surprisingly, we found that the absence of Nos3 in the bone marrow–derived component is associated with hepatic insulin resistance and that restoration of Nos3 in the bone marrow–derived component in global Nos3-deficient mice is sufficient to restore hepatic insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of Nos3 in bone marrow–derived component in wild-type mice attenuates the development of hepatic insulin resistance during high-fat feeding. Finally, compared with wild-type macrophages, the loss of macrophage Nos3 is associated with increased inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharides and reduced anti-inflammatory responses to IL-4, a macrophage phenotype associated with the development of hepatic and systemic insulin resistance.

Conclusions:

These results would suggest that the metabolic and hepatic consequences of high-fat feeding are mediated by loss of Nos3/nitric oxide actions in bone marrow–derived cells, not in endothelial cells.
Epithelial and Endothelial Adhesion of Immune Cells Is Enhanced by Cardiotonic Steroid Signaling Through Na
+
/K
+
‐ATPase‐α‐1
Authors: Khalaf Fatimah K. , Tassavvor Iman , Mohamed Amal , Chen Yiliang , Malhotra Deepak , Xie Zijian , Tian Jiang , Haller Steven T. , Westfall Kristen , Tang W. H. Wilson , Kennedy David J.
Published: January 2020

Background

Recent studies have highlighted a critical role for a group of natriuretic hormones, cardiotonic steroid (
CTS
), in mediating renal inflammation and fibrosis associated with volume expanded settings, such as chronic kidney disease. Immune cell adhesion is a critical step in the inflammatory response; however, little is currently understood about the potential regulatory role of
CTS
signaling in this setting. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that
CTS
signaling through Na
+
/K
+
‐
ATP
ase α‐1 (
NKA
α‐1) enhances immune cell recruitment and adhesion to renal epithelium that ultimately advance renal inflammation.

Methods and Results

We demonstrate that knockdown of the α‐1 isoform of Na/K‐
ATP
ase causes a reduction in
CTS
‐induced macrophage infiltration in renal tissue as well reduces the accumulation of immune cells in the peritoneal cavity in vivo. Next, using functional adhesion assay, we demonstrate that
CTS‐
induced increases in the adhesion of macrophages to renal epithelial cells were significantly diminished after reduction of
NKA
α‐1 in either macrophages or renal epithelial cells as well after inhibition of
NKA
α‐1‐Src signaling cascade with a specific peptide inhibitor,
pNaK
tide in vitro. Finally,
CTS‐
induced expression of adhesion markers in both endothelial and immune cells was significantly inhibited in an
NKA
α‐1‐Src signaling dependent manner in vitro.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that
CTS
potentiates immune cell migration and adhesion to renal epithelium through an
NKA
α‐1–dependent mechanism; our new findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of this feed‐forward loop may be useful in the treatment of renal inflammation associated with renal disease.
Predicting Cardiovascular Outcomes by Baseline Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations: A Large Cohort and Long‐Term Follow‐up Study on Real‐World Patients Receiving Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Liu Hui‐Hui , Cao Ye‐Xuan , Jin Jing‐Lu , Zhang Hui‐Wen , Hua Qi , Li Yan‐Fang , Guo Yuan‐Lin , Zhu Cheng‐Gang , Wu Na‐Qiong , Xu Rui‐Xia , Chen Xie‐Hui , Li Jian‐Jun
Published: January 2020

Background

Although several studies have indicated that lipoprotein(a) is a useful prognostic predictor for patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
), previous observations have somewhat been limited by either small sample size or short‐term follow‐up. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of lipoprotein(a) on long‐term outcomes in a large cohort of stable coronary artery disease patients after
PCI
.

Methods and Results

In this multicenter and prospective study, we consecutively enrolled 4078 stable coronary artery disease patients undergoing
PCI
from March 2011 to March 2016. They were categorized according to both the median of lipoprotein(a) levels and lipoprotein(a) values of <15 (low), 15 to 30 (medium), and ≥30 mg/
dL
(high). All patients were followed up for occurrence of cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke. During an average of 4.9 years of follow‐up, 315 (7.7%) cardiovascular events occurred. The events group had significantly higher lipoprotein(a) levels than the nonevents group. Compared with the low lipoprotein(a) group, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the high lipoprotein(a) group had a significantly lower cumulative event‐free survival rate, and multivariate Cox regression analysis further revealed that the high lipoprotein(a) group had significantly increased cardiovascular events risk. Moreover, adding continuous or categorical lipoprotein(a) to the Cox model led to a significant improvement in C‐statistic, net reclassification, and integrated discrimination.

Conclusions

With a large sample size and long‐term follow‐up, our data confirmed that high lipoprotein(a) levels could be associated with a poor prognosis after
PCI
in stable coronary artery disease patients, suggesting that lipoprotein(a) measurements may be useful for patient risk stratification before selective
PCI
.
Taxonomic issues related to biological control prospects for the ragweed borer, Epiblema strenuana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: GILLIGAN TODD M. , WRIGHT DONALD J. , BROWN RICHARD L. , AUGUSTINUS BENNO A. , SCHAFFNER URS
Published: January 2020

The ragweed borer, Epiblema strenuana (Walker, 1863), has a long history of use as a biological control agent against important weed pests in the family Asteraceae. Recently, E. strenuana has been reported feeding on the invasive perennials Ambrosia confertiflora and A. tenuifolia in Israel. The geographic location of Israel has raised concern over the possibility that the moth may spread to areas such as Ethiopia where the oil-seed crop Guizotia abyssinica is cultivated, as this is a potential host for E. strenuana. However, the taxonomic status of E. strenuana and a current synonym, E. minutana (Kearfott, 1905) is unclear. These taxa have been treated as separate species in the past, and they potentially have different feeding habits and damage different parts of the plant. We analyzed DNA data and adult morphology and determined that E. minutana, stat. rev., is a valid species which we raise from synonymy with E. strenuana. Wing coloration, the shape of the female sterigma, and COI DNA barcodes are consistently different between the two species. We also determined that the species previously identified as E. strenuana in Israel is actually E. minutana. While detailed host range tests have been conducted on the E. strenuana populations released in Australia and China, the host range of E. minutana remains to be clarified. We discuss the history of biological control using E. strenuana and the implications for finding E. minutana in Israel. We also provide species redescriptions for E. strenuana and E. minutana and illustrate diagnostic characters.
Novel Approach of Quantifying Energy Security in Terms of Economic, Environmental and Supply Risk Factors
Authors: Billah Tufail Muhammad Mutasim , Bin Ibrahim Jafini Azhan , Melan Mustakim Bin
Published: January 2020

The rising global demand of energy and political instability has raised the issue of energy security more than ever before. Depleting reservoirs and environmental degradation encourage policy makers to review intended action plans for sustainable energy generation. Fluctuating oil prices
and unforeseen political events has emerges a need of secure supplies policies. This study will incorporate three key integrated energy dimensions in terms of cost to evaluate the total exposure. Affordability, acceptability and availability of adequate supply are the factors to evaluate for
sustainable economic growth, potential environmental harm and social stability. Energy experts and policy makers around the globe are looking for the effective tool to measure the impact of supply disruption on energy generation process. High level of security incurred extra cost; However
opportunity loss due to supply disruption has never been evaluated in terms of monitory unit. This study will focus on the evaluation of potential loss cause due to unavailability of supplies for power generation system. Holistic approach will be applied to measure the combine impact of fuels
specifically used in power generation process. Besides the traditional approach of unit power generation cost this paper encompasses other cost parameters which indirectly affects the cost of generation in the form of carbon tax penalty and the excessive cost of secure and reliable power generation
resources.
A Novel Sensorless Controlling Technique of a 3-Phase Brushless DC Motor for Industrial Application
Authors: Nalli Rajesh , Subbarao K. , Ramamoorthy M. , Kiran Kumar M.
Published: January 2020

This paper provides the novel sensorless control technique of a 3-phase BLDC motor. The introduction to the conventional sensorless techniques like Back emf detection, free-wheeling diode detection technique, back emf third harmonic detection techniques are discussed. Conventional sensorless
technique has its drawbacks like high frequency noise, having more number of switches in free-wheeling diode detection method causes more switching losses. Wrong estimation rotor position in back emf zero detection technique where the floating phase back emf is consider for commutation estimation.
In all the above discussed methods the back emf estimation is a speed dependent function, whereas in proposed controlling technique the flux linkage calculation is not a speed (ω) dependent function. So, that the accuracy of rotor position prediction will be better than conventional
methods. The analysis of proposed technique is compared with conventional sensor based controlling techniques to validate the accuracy. The proposed technique implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Achieving Confidentiality and Effective Access Control of Cloud Data Using Cipher Text Policy Based Attribute Based Encryption
Authors: Mane Prashant Mininath , Sheela Rani C. M.
Published: January 2020

Today’s era most of the data required for large businesses are stored on cloud. Cloud systems have number of advantages such as it provides space for store large amount of data and shared resources for processing the stored data. Security of the files stored on the cloud is one
of the major problems of cloud system. Because data stored on cloud may leaks to unauthorized user or cloud system itself can modify the data or delete the data. So mainly whatever the data stored on cloud by the owner is retrieved by the users who have the permission to access the data which
provides the superior access control to the data. Also need to make provision that the data cannot be accessed by cloud itself that is we need to provide integrity auditing of data. This work proposes cipher text-policy ABE scheme with integrity auditing to provide excellent access control
and confidentiality of data.
Improvement in Text Categorization Using Semi-Supervised Approach and Lexical Chains
Authors: Arya Vaishali , Agrawal Rashmi
Published: January 2020

Text categorization is used for assigning the class labels to the available data set or providing a conceptual view to a data set. The text categorization can be performed in two ways supervised way, and in an unsupervised way. But alone neither can perform well in the categorization
of data set. So a semi-supervised model with the combination of lexical chains is used to perform the task of categorization. In the proposed semi-supervised model the lexical chains are used to determine the numbers of clusters has to be formed using k-means clustering. This ‘k-means’
will divide the data set into different categories and then onto these different categories the support vector Machine (SVM) model is applied for the classification task. The purpose is to improve the performance of support vector Machine by having data already in some pattern, otherwise,
support vector Machine will take a lot of time in the training of data set.
Evaluating Information Technology Investment with New Information Economic (NIE): A Study Case Greenspan Packaging System Co. Ltd.
Authors: Ibarda Putra Ibrahim Adhitya
Published: January 2020

The objectives of this research are to analyze the business process in the production division of Greenspan Packaging System Co. Ltd., to evaluate IT of the IT investment, and to give recommendations based on the result of the IT valuation in order to get an efficient budgeting for
the company. Methods that were used in this research are analysis of the literature, analysis of the collected data by interviewing and observing the running business processes and the method of analysis that was used is the New Information Economic (NIE). Results achieved in this research
are results of the IT evaluation in a form of values on IT that are used in the company in order to assess the alignment between the IT investment with the company’s strategic intentions. Conclusion of this research is the recommendation that given to company can help the company to
achieve their vision and mission and also their strategic intentions with the help of recommended IT investment.
Conversion of Sugar Cane Bagasse Become Bioethanol Using Variations of Yeast Types and Fermentation Temperatures with Socarification Process
Authors: Roni Kiagus Ahmad , Meilani Lely , Atikah  , Herawati Netty
Published: January 2020

Sugarcane bagasse is a waste of sugar factories and one of its lignocellulosic materials is still of limited use. Sugarcane bagasse consists of three main components, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Sugarcane bagasse can be converted into bioethanol through a hydrolysis
process (the process of converting carbohydrates into glucose) which consists of a liquefaction and saccharification process and followed by a fermentation process. The hydrolysis method is carried out enzymatically. This research used alpha amylase and gluco amylase enzymes with various types
of yeast including Saccharomyces cereviceae, Rhizopus oryzae, Acetobacter xylinum, Mucor sp., and Aspergilus niger varied with liquefaction temperatures including 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100 °C. Obtained the most optimal yeast is Saccharomyces cereviceae with an optimal temperature of 95 °C
resulting in a bioethanol concentration of 4.5%.