bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stellar chromospheric activity database of solar-like stars based on the LAMOST Low-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey
Authors: Zhang Weitao , Zhang Jun , He Han , Luo Ali , Zhang Haotong
Published: June 2024

Context. The dependence of stellar magnetic activity on stellar parameters is inspired by the chromospheric activity studies based on the large-scale spectroscopic surveys.

Aims. The main objective of this project is to provide the chromospheric activity parameter database for the LAMOST Low-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey (LRS) spectra of solar-like stars and explore the overall property of stellar chromospheric activity.

Methods. The Ca II H and K lines were employed to construct indicators for assessing and studying the chromospheric activity of solar-like stars. We investigated the widely used bolometric- and photospheric-calibrated chromospheric activity index R′HK, derived from the method in the classic literature (R′HK,classic) and the method based on the PHOENIX model (R′HK,PHOENIX). Since the detailed stellar atmospheric parameters, effective temperature (Teff), surface gravity (log g), and metallicity ([Fe/H]) are available for LAMOST, we estimated the chromospheric activity index R′HK,PHOENIX, along with the corresponding bolometric calibrated index RHK,PHOENIX, taking these parameters into account.

Results. We provided the database of the derived chromospheric activity parameters for 1 122 495 LAMOST LRS spectra of solar-like stars. Our calculations show that log R′HK,PHOENIX is approximately linearly correlated with log R′HK,classic. The results based on our extensive archive support the view that the dynamo mechanism of solar-like stars is generally consistent with the Sun; and the value of the solar chromospheric activity index is located at the midpoint of the solar-like star sample. We further investigated the proportions of solar-like stars with different chromospheric activity levels (very active, active, inactive, and very inactive). The investigation indicates that the occurrence rate of high levels of chromospheric activity is lower among the stars with effective temperatures between 5600 and 5900 K.
Application of hydrostatic local thermodynamic equilibrium atmosphere models to interpretations of supersoft X-ray source spectra
Authors: Suleimanov V. F. , Tavleev A. S. , Doroshenko V. , Werner K.
Published: June 2024

Supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) are accreting white dwarfs (WDs) with stable or recurrent thermonuclear burning on their surfaces. High-resolution X-ray spectra of such objects are rather complex, often consist of several components, and are difficult to interpret accurately. The main emission source is the hot surface of the WD and the emergent radiation can potentially be described by hot WD model atmospheres. We present a new set of such model atmosphere spectra computed in the effective temperature range from 100 kK to 1000 kK, for eight values of surface gravity and three different chemical compositions. These compositions correspond to the solar one as well as to the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, with decreased heavy element abundances, at one-half and one-tenth of the solar value. The presented model grid covers a broad range of physical parameters and, thus, it can be applied to a wide range of objects. It is also publicly available in XSPEC format. As an illustration, we applied it here for the interpretation of Chandra and XMM grating spectra of two classical SSSs, namely, CAL 83 (RX J0543.5–6823) and RX J0513.9–6951. The obtained effective temperatures and surface gravities of Teff ≈ 560 kK, log g ≈ 8.6–8.7, and Teff ≈ 630 kK, log g ≈ 8.5–8.6, respectively, are in a good agreement with previous estimations for both sources. The derived WD mass estimations are within 1.1–1.4 M⊙ for CAL 83 and 1.15–1.4 M⊙ for RX J0513.9–6951. The mass of the WD in CAL 83 is consistent with the mass predicted from the respective model of recurrent thermonuclear burning.
ExoplANETS-A: A virtual observatory database for host stars and planetary systems
Authors: Morales-Calderón M. , Joyce S. R. G. , Pye J. P. , Barrado D. , García Castro M. , Rodrigo C. , Solano E. , Nichols J. D. , Lagage P. O. , Castro-González A. , García R. A. , Guedel M. , Huélamo N. , Metodieva Y. , Waters R.
Published: June 2024

Context. ExoplANETS-A is an EU Horizon-2020 project with the primary objective of establishing new knowledge on exoplanet atmospheres. Intimately related to this topic is the study of the host stars’ radiative properties in order to understand the environment in which exoplanets lie.

Aims. The aim of this work is to exploit archived data from space-based observatories and other public sources to produce uniform sets of stellar data that can establish new insight into the influence of the host star on the planetary atmosphere. We have compiled X-ray and UV luminosities, which affect the formation and the atmospheric properties of the planets, and stellar parameters, which impact the retrieval process of the planetary atmosphere’s properties and its errors.

Methods. Our sample is formed of all transiting-exoplanet systems observed by HST or Spitzer. It includes 205 exoplanets and their 114 host stars. We have built a catalogue with information extracted from public, online archives augmented by quantities derived by the Exoplanets-A work. With this catalogue we have implemented an online database that also includes X-ray and OHP spectra and TESS light curves. In addition, we have developed a tool, exoVOSA, that is able to fit the spectral energy distribution of exoplanets.

Results. We give an example of using the database to study the effects of the host star high energy emission on the exoplanet atmosphere. The sample has a planet radius valley that is located at 1.8 R⊕, in agreement with previous studies. Multiplanet systems in our sample were used to test the photoevaporation model and we find that out of 14 systems, only one significant case poses a contradiction to it (K2-3). In this case, the inner planet of the system is above the radius gap while the two exterior planets are both below it. This indicates that some factor not included in the photoevaporation model has increased the mass-loss timescale of the inner planet. In summary, the exoplanet and stellar resources compiled and generated by ExoplANETS-A form a sound basis for current JWST observations and for future work in the era of Ariel.
Exploring galaxy properties of eCALIFA with contrastive learning
Authors: Martínez-Solaeche G. , García-Benito R. , González Delgado R. M. , Díaz-García L. , Sánchez S. F. , Conrado A. M. , Rodríguez-Martín J. E.
Published: June 2024

Contrastive learning (CL) has emerged as a potent tool for building meaningful latent representations of galaxy properties across a broad spectrum of wavelengths, ranging from optical and infrared to radio frequencies. These latent representations facilitate a variety of downstream tasks, including galaxy classification, similarity searches in extensive datasets, and parameter estimation, which is why they are often referred to as foundation models for galaxies. In this study, we employ CL on the latest extended data release from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey, which encompasses a total of 895 galaxies with enhanced spatial resolution that reaches the limits imposed by natural seeing (FWHMPSF ∼ 1.5). We demonstrate that CL can be effectively applied to Integral Field Unit (IFU) surveys, even with relatively small training sets, to construct meaningful embedding where galaxies are well separated based on their physical properties. We discover that the strongest correlations in the embedding space are observed with the equivalent width of Hα, galaxy morphology, stellar metallicity, luminosity-weighted age, stellar surface mass density, the [NII]/Hα ratio, and stellar mass, in descending order of correlation strength. Additionally, we illustrate the feasibility of unsupervised separation of galaxy populations along the star formation main sequence, successfully identifying the blue cloud and the red sequence in a two-cluster scenario, and the green valley population in a three-cluster scenario. Our findings indicate that galaxy luminosity profiles have minimal impact on the construction of the embedding space, suggesting that morphology and spectral features play a more significant role in distinguishing between galaxy populations. Moreover, we explore the use of CL for detecting variations in galaxy population distributions across different large-scale structures, including voids, clusters, and filaments and walls. Nonetheless, we acknowledge the limitations of the CL framework and our specific training set in detecting subtle differences in galaxy properties, such as the presence of an AGN or other minor scale variations that exceed the scope of primary parameters such as the stellar mass or morphology. Conclusively, we propose that CL can serve as an embedding function for the development of larger models capable of integrating data from multiple datasets, thereby advancing the construction of more comprehensive foundation models for galaxies.
The near-infrared degree of polarization in debris disks
Authors: Olofsson J. , Thébault P. , Bayo A. , Henning Th. , Milli J.
Published: June 2024

Context. Debris disks provide a unique opportunity to probe the properties of small μm-sized particles, allowing us to peer into the constituents of their parent bodies, namely the young analogs of comets and the asteroids of our Solar System.

Aims. In the past, studies of the total intensity phase function – that is, the brightness of the disk as a function of the scattering angle – have proven powerful in constraining the main characteristics of the dust particles in debris disks. Nonetheless, there can remain some degeneracies in the modeling, which can be alleviated when considering polarized intensity observations.

Methods. We obtained new near-infrared scattered-light observations of four young debris disks, and used state-of-the-art algorithms to recover the total intensity and linear polarimetric images of the disks. These images allow us to constrain the degree of linear polarization as a function of the scattering angle.

Results. All four debris disks are detected in polarized intensity, and three are also recovered in total intensity. We measured a peak degree of polarization of ≲40% for all three disks. For the disk around HD 129590, we are also able to determine the degree of polarization in the radiation-pressure-driven halo. To reproduce the observed polarization fractions, we find that the particles must consist of highly refractive and absorbing material. For HD 129590, by measuring the polarization fraction beyond the birth ring, we constrain the width of the size distribution to be increasingly small toward greater radii, which is compatible with the effect of radiation pressure. We put these findings to the test and present a self-consistent approach to producing synthetic images, assuming different profiles for the radiation pressure strength, and accounting for the presence of unbound grains. We find the contribution of these grains to be especially critical in order to reproduce the increasing degree of polarization with stellocentric distance.

Conclusions. Some of our results – namely a very small blow-out size and very large (n, k) values for the optical constants, which are required to reproduce the observed degree of polarization – might seem difficult to reconcile with our understanding of cosmic dust. Similar results have been obtained for other disks and we discuss the current limitation of available light-scattering models as well as possible avenues to alleviate these limitations.
Applying fuzzy logic and neural networks to forecasting in efficiency programs
Authors: Pérez-Gelves Jhon Jairo , Castro-Verdezoto Pedro L. , Alvarado-Cantos Nathalia M. , César Tutivén A.
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the design and implementation of Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to determine daily demand curves of residential Electric Showers (ESs). To determine the daily curves were used two inputs: shower duration and number of showers. In Brazil the residential electricity corresponds to 25% of all demand. The use of ESs is widespread, it represents about 22% of the total residential consumption. This work evaluates the impacts of Energy Efficiency Programs (EEPs) in low-income communities located in the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Additionally, two different ESs devices are compared: the ES Temperature Control (ESTC) and the ES Heat Recovery (ESHR). This study was based on measurements made in 60 households in different low-income neighbourhoods. The results showed that ANN makes better predictions, however both FIS and ANN have the capacity to determine rapid changes in peak demand. These tools can be used in small and mediumsized areas with similar socio-economic features which allow determining the impact of EEPs in the communities in advance. Furthermore, the application of these techniques can be of help in the actions of Demand Side Management (DSM) mainly during the maximum demand period.
Research on Coordination and Management of Tourism Resources from the Perspective of Supply Chain——Take the Altay region as an example
Authors: Li Ying , Li Zhaoyang
Published: June 2024

With the rapid development of China’s tourism industry and the upgrading of residents’ consumption structure, competition in the industry has shifted from enterprise-level to supply chain-level. As a result, the tourism supply chain has garnered significant attention. This paper analyzes the tourism industry in the Altay region and concludes that there are still problems with the tourism supply chain, such as unclear departmental management responsibilities, unreasonable resource allocation and maintenance planning, and a lack of cross-scenic area cooperation awareness. From a supply chain perspective, research on the coordination and management of tourism resources in the Altay region of Xinjiang is crucial. This study aims to explore the development of a green tourism supply chain in the Altay region by combining the characteristics and challenges of the tourism industry in the area with successful tourism supply chain cases from both domestic and international sources. The study also aims to propose effective coordination and management strategies for the tourism supply chain in the Altay region to optimize resource utilization. Additionally, suggestions for improving the coordination of the tourism supply chain in the area will be enumerated.
The Relationship Between Learning Motivation and Learning Anxiety of College Students
Authors: Meng Fanxiang , Wang Haoran , Zhang Leyi
Published: June 2024

In contemporary society, the escalating anxiety among college students has emerged as a pressing social concern, impacting both their mental well-being and academic performance by influencing levels of learning motivation. This research posits a negative correlation between the burgeoning learning anxiety and the motivation to learn among college students. Employing a quantitative research approach, data is gathered through structured questionnaires, and subsequent analysis is conducted using SPSS statistical software to derive meaningful insights. The study primarily focuses on Chinese college students, aiming to unveil the intricate relationship between learning anxiety and motivation. Through this investigation, the researchers seek to formulate strategies that mitigate learning anxiety and concurrently bolster intrinsic motivation for sustained learning among Chinese college students. This research serves as a key step in understanding and addressing the contemporary challenges associated with the mental health and academic performance of college students, paving the way for interventions that foster a positive learning environment.
Relation between Social Anxiety, Self-esteem and Internet Usage
Authors: Wu Ruoxi
Published: June 2024

Background: With the progress of the times, teenagers' social ways have changed, and they are more dependent on online social communication, thus ignoring the reality, resulting in serious social anxiety, which is closely related to their self-esteem. Methods: A total of 16 articles on this relationship were included through literature search and screening. Results: Self-esteem and social anxiety are closely related, showing negative correlation, and network dependence is the intermediary relationship between them. It is also found that the level of self-esteem formed by different genders can also affect the level of social anxiety. Males generally have higher self-esteem and lower level of social anxiety than Females. Conclusion: The level of self-esteem can help regulate social anxiety, Teenagers with low self-esteem are more likely to have social anxiety through Internet dependence, there is a direct relationship between the self-esteem and social anxiety. In the future researchers should further explore the causal relationship.
Group Therapy for Schizophrenia: Research Progress and Comparison between Global and Chinese Studies
Authors: Fan Kexin , Gao Xinyanyan , Zhu Jiayue
Published: June 2024

Group therapy is an effective form of psychotherapy. It is usually organised and led by a professional psychotherapist. In group therapy, a group of people come together to explore and work with each other's problems. The method of group therapy for treating schizophrenia is gradually being widely used in China and foreign countries. The present study summarizes the advantages of group therapy for treating schizophrenia, reviews the existing methods of group therapy for treating schizophrenia in China and foreign countries, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods in group therapy, and summarizes the types and usage proportions of group therapy for treating schizophrenia in China and foreign countries. At present, group therapy for treating schizophrenia still has certain limitations both in China and foreign countries. The present study suggest that China and foreign countries can learn from each other and make group therapy more effective in treating schizophrenia.
Perianal Paget's Disease Metachronically Associated with Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chiquetti Camila Vieira , Gonçalves Victor Hugo de Araújo , Uliana Leonardo Carnielli , Ribeiro Carlos Otávio da Silva , Fonseca Odinilson Almeida , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Takita Luiz Carlos
Published: June 2024

Introduction This article describes an unusual case of perianal Paget's Disease in a 42-year-old man, highlighting distinct characteristics about more typical cases.

Case report 42-year-old male patient with persistent perianal lesion, recurrent abscesses, and discomfort. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated a possible fistulous path. Biopsy revealed secondary anal Paget's disease and adenocarcinoma. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment demonstrated a positive response.

Discussion Perianal Paget's Disease is a rare condition of the anal canal that is part of the Extramammary Paget's Disease (EMPD) group. Symptoms include itching, pain, perianal bleeding, and skin lesions. Diagnosis can be challenging and usually involves performing a histopathological biopsy associated with an immunohistochemical study. Treatment varies and may involve surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Due to the rarity of the disease, the best therapeutic approach is not yet well defined, and follow-up is essential due to the risk of recurrence.

Conclusion Perianal Paget's Disease is rare and requires differentiation from other conditions. Early detection is essential to prevent malignancy.
Quality Assessment of Colonoscopies Performed by Resident Physicians in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Giongo Sofia Marasca , Fillmann Henrique Sarubbi , Fillmann Lucio Sarubbi , Padoin Alexandre Vontobel
Published: June 2024

Introduction Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide, with ∼ 150 thousand new cases each year. Screening policies have brought significant progress due to the possibility of early diagnosis and polyp resection. Therefore, there is a need for continuous evaluation of the quality of colonoscopies based on well-established criteria in the literature.

Materials and Methods The present retrospective study assesses the quality of colonoscopies performed at a tertiary hospital, comparing resident physicians with their preceptors. A total of 422 preceptor exams and 115 resident exams were evaluated, with a comparison of the adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation rate, examination time, and bowel preparation quality.

Results The adenoma detection rate in the exams performed by preceptors was of 46.9%, while in those performed by residents, it was of 35.2% (p = 0.038). The cecal intubation rate was of 98.6% in the preceptor group and of 94.8% in the resident group (p = 0.025). The median total examination time was of 13 minutes and 42 seconds in the preceptor group and of 19 minutes and 22 seconds in the resident group (p < 0.005).

Conclusion During their training, resident physicians perform an adequate number of colonoscopies, which enables them to achieve adenoma detection rates, cecal intubation and examination times within the limits proposed by the literature.
Extramedullary Intracranial Plasmacytomas: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Palavani Lucca B. , Bapat Atharva , Batista Sávio , Mendes João Pedro , Oliveira Leonardo B. , Bertani Raphael
Published: June 2024

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is an uncommon disorder characterized by the development of abnormal plasma cell tumors outside the bone marrow. These tumors are typically observed in various locations, including the upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and other soft tissues. Among the less explored manifestations of EMP is intracranial EMP, which remains poorly understood due to the limited literature available on the subject. The objective was to comprehend the population characteristics, localization, type, treatment, and outcomes of intracranial EMP. A systematic review of the literature for EMPs was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The strategy “extramedullary plasmacytoma AND multiple myeloma” was used for the search. The search terms were queried using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. We included only those studies that presented clinical studies with patients diagnosed with intracranial plasmacytomas. In this study, a total of 84 patients from 25 studies were analyzed. The average age of diagnosis was 57.25 years, with a slightly higher proportion of females (57%) compared to male patients (43%). The most common locations of intracranial plasmacytomas were the clivus (29.7%), frontal lobe (18.9%), parietal lobe (8.1%), occipital lobe (6.7%), temporal lobe (6.7%), and sphenoid (4%). Chordoma and meningioma were the most common differential diagnoses encountered during clinical investigations. Treatment modalities included radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (QT), surgical resection (SR), and conservative approaches. The most frequent treatment combinations were SR + RT (19%) and RT only (17.8%). Mortality was reported in 48% of the cases, with complete resolution observed in 10 cases and partial resolution in 3 cases. The average follow-up duration was 37.5 months. The clivus is the most frequently reported site of extramedullary intracranial plasmacytoma (EMIP) occurrence, representing 29.7% of cases. Chordomas were commonly observed alongside EMIPs and emerged as the primary differential diagnosis. RT was the predominant treatment modality, with SR considered when feasible. RT alone demonstrated the highest effectiveness in managing EMIPs (30%), while QT as a sole intervention showed lower efficacy. However, a combination of dexamethasone, lenalidomide, and targeted RT displayed promising results, offering improved tumor response and increased safety.
Kriegstauglichkeit unseres Gesundheitswesens: Im Falle eines Falles …
Authors: Ekkernkamp Axel
Published: June 2024

Auf Milzbrand, Ebola, eine neue Pandemie ähnlich Covid-19 haben sich die deutschen Krankenhäuser inzwischen eingestellt – die Corona-Krise hat viele Kliniken aufgerüttelt.
Introduction: extremes and divides in electoral politics, the Dutch 2021 elections in particular
Authors: Sipma Take , Spierings Niels , Jacobs Kristof , Lubbers Marcel , van der Meer Tom
Published: June 2024

In this introduction to the special issue ‘Extremes and divides in electoral politics, the 2021 Dutch parliamentary elections in particular’ four core elements are included. First, we discuss the rationale behind the special issue: answering calls for building bridges between related research literatures on the politics of divided and extremes. We do so by bringing together studies on the different manifestations thereof for the 2021 Dutch parliamentary elections, all (partly) using the Dutch Parliamentary Election Study. Second, we provide a case background to the Netherlands and these elections and discuss how this case sheds light on the larger population of cases. Third, we provide more detailed information on the dataset, also discussing how it can be merged with different data sources, which facilitates bridge building, as done by multiple contributions to this special issue. Fourth and last, we provide a synopsis of the contributions, dividing them in studies focusing on voting behavior and on attitudes regarding the fundaments of democratic politics. Based on each study’s results, we also formulate avenues for new studies, underscoring our aim to facilitate the building of bridges between literatures on extremes and divides in politics.
Near-field imaging of optical resonances in silicon metasurfaces using photoelectron microscopy
Authors: Boehm Alex , Gennaro Sylvain D. , Doiron Chloe F. , Beechem Thomas E. , Sinclair Michael B. , Brener Igal , Sarma Raktim , Ohta Taisuke
Published: June 2024

Precise control of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale lies at the heart of nanophotonics. However, experimental examination at this length scale is challenging since the corresponding electromagnetic near-field is often confined within volumes below the resolution of conventional optical microscopy. In semiconductor nanophotonics, electromagnetic fields are further restricted within the confines of individual subwavelength resonators, limiting access to critical light–matter interactions in these structures. In this work, we demonstrate that photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) can be used for polarization-resolved near-field spectroscopy and imaging of electromagnetic resonances supported by broken-symmetry silicon metasurfaces. We find that the photoemission results, enabled through an in situ potassium surface layer, are consistent with full-wave simulations and far-field reflectance measurements across visible and near-infrared wavelengths. In addition, we uncover a polarization-dependent evolution of collective resonances near the metasurface array edge taking advantage of the far-field excitation and full-field imaging of PEEM. Here, we deduce that coupling between eight resonators or more establishes the collective excitations of this metasurface. All told, we demonstrate that the high-spatial resolution hyperspectral imaging and far-field illumination of PEEM can be leveraged for the metrology of collective, non-local, optical resonances in semiconductor nanophotonic structures.
Critical slowing of the spin and charge density wave order in thin film Cr following photoexcitation
Authors: Patel Sheena K. K. , Gorobtsov Oleg Yu , Cela Devin , Hrkac Stjepan B. , Hua Nelson , Medapalli Rajasekhar , Shabalin Anatoly G. , Wingert James , Glownia James M. , Zhu Diling , Chollet Matthieu , Shpyrko Oleg G. , Singer Andrej , Fullerton Eric E.
Published: June 2024

We report on the evolution of the charge density wave (CDW) and spin density wave (SDW) orders of a chromium film following photoexcitation with an ultrafast optical laser pulse. The CDW is measured by ultrafast time-resolved x-ray diffraction of the CDW satellite that tracks the suppression and recovery of the CDW following photoexcitation. We find that as the temperature of the film approaches a discontinuous phase transition in the CDW and SDW orders, the time scales of recovery increase exponentially from the expected thermal time scales. We extend a Landau model for SDW systems to account for this critical slowing with the appropriate boundary conditions imposed by the geometry of the thin film system. This model allows us to assess the energy barrier between the available CDW/SDW states with different spatial periodicities.
“Wel iet wat verschelende, maar zó niet óf elck verstaat ander zeer
wel”
Authors: de Vos Machteld , Vogl Ulrike
Published: June 2024

This paper delves into language differentiation in the 16th and
17th-century Low Countries, focusing on how vernacular languages were labeled
and framed in grammatical descriptions. We examine both monolingual grammars as
well as grammatical descriptions in multilingual textbooks for foreign language
learners. By comparing these two corpora, we gain insights into the differences
between monolingual and multilingual approaches to language differentiation and
uncover language ideologies that shaped the Language-Making process during this
early stage of standard languages. An example of language differentiation is the
evolving relation between ‘Dutch’ and ‘German’. In the monolingual grammars,
Dutch is explicitly positioned along the lines of an ‘ours’ versus a ‘theirs’,
but what is considered ‘ours’ differs between the grammars and changes over
time. In the multilingual textbooks, the direct juxtaposition between Dutch and
German on the title page leads to distinct labels (‘Nederduits’ vs. ‘Hoogduits’)
whereas there is no consistent distinction in the body of these textbooks until
the late 17th century. Overall, we conclude that a ‘Dutch language’ was
certainly being ‘made’ during this period, in name and in reference to other
vernacular languages. However, its boundaries were still fuzzy, reflecting the
multilingual reality of the early modern Low Countries.
“Well-educated people speak English,but better educated people speak Frenchas well”
Authors: Tielemans Leyla
Published: June 2024

With the possibility to enroll in courses in nineteen different languages, the free university of Brussels (ULB)
has opted for a linguistic offer that reflects the city’s highly multilingual character. In the faculty of languages and
literature, students interact in and with multiple languages on a daily basis. In a study which interrogated these students on
their linguistic representations, representations related to prestige were shown to be an important part of the collected
responses. This paper aims to provide an overview of the different manifestations and interpretations of the ‘language of
prestige’ linguistic representation in this sample of participants regarding the languages taught at the faculty. It also explores
various implications that this representation has for language learning, as well as questions raised by the possible
interpretative bias of the researcher trying to observe and study linguistic representations. In addition, this paper written in
English relating research conducted in French addresses the issue of ‘epistemological translation’ and the challenges it
poses.
Some ‘circulating’ doxic ideas about multilingualism in French-speaking schools
Authors: Meunier Deborah
Published: June 2024

Despite the inclusive nature of recent educational reforms in French-speaking Belgium, few teachers implement
multilingual approaches in their classrooms. On the contrary, the education system perpetuates a monolingual doxa by ignoring the
home languages of newcomer or immigrant pupils, or even by prohibiting the use of these languages in school. We propose a
discursive analysis of some ‘circulating’ doxic ideas (Charaudeau 1997; Paveau 1999) in the school environment: multilingualism is often associated with images
of mixing, confusion or degeneration; didactic gestures are based on stereotyped student figures (so-called ‘vulnerable’, ‘eager’
students) which reproduce a homogeneous and (de)classifying discourse; the deficient vision of the pupils’ language skills serves
the argumentation in a doxic causality where the explanation of cause (such as the pupils’ bilingualism) to effect (their poor
school performance) is based on authoritative discourses with evidential value. The data analyzed are based on semi-structured
interviews and informal exchanges with secondary school teachers in French-speaking Belgium.
From conceptual to literary metaphors
Authors: Porto M. Dolores
Published: June 2024

It is generally agreed that literary metaphors are produced and interpreted by using the same strategies as more
conventional, ordinary metaphorical expressions (George Lakoff & Mark Turner 1989; Zoltán
Kövecses 2010). However, the aesthetic experience of reading metaphors in literature is a complex phenomenon that
remains only partially explained. This paper aims at contributing to the study of the cognitive mechanisms that allow the
aesthetic experience when reading poetic metaphors. For this purpose, after a short review of previous research on literary
metaphors in the Cognitive Linguistic framework, the main tenets of Neuroaesthetics (Semir
Zeki 2001; Vilayanur Ramachandran 2003), an emerging empirical discipline,
are presented as referred to the study of visual art. Then, the insights from both fields are compared and applied to the study of
metaphors. Results show significant coincidences as empirical research in neuroscience seem to confirm the theories and hypotheses
posed by cognitive linguists, as for the way in which the emotional response to poetic metaphors is elicited.
Conceptualizing the Covid-19 pandemic through similes
Authors: Romano Manuela , Cuenca Maria Josep
Published: June 2024

The new and shocking situation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic stimulated the analysis of its impact in
discourse. Discourse analysts have concentrated on the use of metaphor to create specific conceptualizations of the disease aimed
at communicating the events and developments while influencing public opinion. Similes have been given less attention but are
equally telling when it comes to the conceptualization of the pandemic. In this paper we analyze a corpus of English and Spanish
similes (about 100 examples from each language) where (corona)virus is the target. The examples were searched for
on the Internet and cover a two-year period, from March 2020 to February 2022. The sources, mappings, and conceptual domains of
the Covid-19 similes are analyzed in order to describe how the pandemic is conceptualized through the use of
‘(corona)virus is like X’ similes. The coronavirus similes are classified according to three main domains,
namely, natural forces and disasters, confrontation (including war), and arts and entertainment
(including sports). Each domain conceptualizes the situation in different ways (so that citizens are presented as
victims, fighters, experiencers, members of a team, etc.). Interestingly, there are many creative similes that cannot be
classified into any general well-established domains and can only be accounted for by considering less conventional and more
creative, culture-specific frames. The paper also analyzes the use of similes diachronically trying to uncover any evolution
patterns in terms of frequency or domains in the two-year period analyzed.
Assessing pronunciation using dictation tools
Authors: Johnson Carol , Cardoso Walcir , Zuercher Beau , Brannen Kathleen , Springer Suzanne
Published: June 2024

Language institutions need efficient and reliable placement tests to ensure students are placed in appropriate classes.
This can be achieved by automating the scoring of pronunciation tests via the use of speech recognition, as its reliability has been shown
to be comparable to that of human raters. However, this technology can be costly as it requires development and maintenance, placing it
beyond the means of many institutions. This study investigates the feasibility of assessing English second language pronunciation in
placement tests through the use of a free automatic speech recognition tool, Google Voice Typing (GVT). We compared human-rated and
GVT-rated scores of 56 pronunciation placement tests. Our results indicate a strong correlation between scores for the final rating and for
each criterion on the rubric used by human raters. We conclude that leveraging this free speech technology could increase the test
usefulness of language placement tests.
Measuring language use for pronunciation research
Authors: Zawadzki Zoë , Levis John
Published: June 2024

This editorial provides an overview of how language use has been measured in second language acquisition (SLA)
research and how it can be implemented in studies on pronunciation. The use of surveys and questionnaires, self-reports, and other
methods is discussed along with the limitations of these current methods and recommendations. Measuring language use reliably can
be challenging, but implementing and adapting current methods can help make it easier.
Discontinuous past interpretation in Abaza
Authors: Klyagina Evgenia
Published: June 2024

Abaza (Northwest Caucasian) has two perfective tenses which mark events in the past. In single clauses, however,
one of them has a discontinuous interpretation. Recently, it has been argued that at least in some languages a discontinuous
interpretation of past forms is a pragmatical implicature rather than a part of the encoded meaning. The aim of the paper is to
describe the functions of the Abaza perfective past tenses and investigate the origin of the discontinuous interpretation in
Abaza. Special attention is paid to the distribution of two tenses in various types of finite and non-finite clauses. The data
show that there is no obligatory discontinuous interpretation in the syntactic environments where only one of the tenses can be
used. However, the discontinuous interpretation does arise if two tenses compete with each other. Thus, the discontinuous
implicature in Abaza can be considered a pragmatical implicature.
Pulsed power supply of Tr-RC and Tr-RLC topologies for improvement of micro electrical discharge machining
Authors: Cao Peiyao , Li Yong , Tong Hao , Li Baoquan , Yu Feng
Published: June 2024

Pulsed power supply is one of the key technologies in micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM), particularly in machining micro-holes with high aspect ratios. Through the disadvantageous waveform feature analysis of the controllable RC pulsed power supply with random interpulse voltage, insufficient capacitor charging, and uncontrolled reversed fluctuations, an improved Tr-RC pulsed power supply with a promoted function is proposed. Discharge pulses with high power density have the potential to synchronously improve machining efficiency and accuracy. Increasing the discharge peak current by optimizing the pulsed-power topology is a feasible means of improving the power density. A pulsed power supply of the Tr-RLC topology introducing an inductor-controlled branch according to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction was further proposed based on the improved Tr-RC pulsed power structure. The discharge waveforms of Tr-RLC pulsed power supply achieve an average peak current of 1.3 A with inductance of 20 μH, compared to 0.5 A with Tr-RC pulsed power supply. For machining micro-holes with aspect ratios of 10:1, 20:1, and 30:1, the Tr-RLC pulsed power supply exhibited an efficiency improvement of 25%, 22%, and 17%, respectively, with reduced taper error and a slight decrease in tool wear rate compared to the Tr-RC pulsed power supply.
Improving luminescence response in ZnGeN2/GaN superlattices: defect reduction through composition control
Authors: Miller Moira K , Diercks David , Brooks Tellekamp M
Published: June 2024

Color-mixed (cm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are theoretically the most efficient white light emitters, projected to improve white light luminous efficacy by 34% compared to incumbent phosphor converted LEDs. Since white light technology is pervasive and essential, small improvements in LED technology can result in energy savings. However, cm-LEDs are not yet realized due to poor efficacy in green and amber emitting materials, a spectral region colloquially referred to as the Green Gap. ZnGeN2 is nearly isostructural and closely lattice-matched to GaN and can be heteroepitaxially integrated with existing GaN devices; ZnGeN2/GaN hybrid structures are theorized to emit green (~530 nn) light with a spontaneous emission rate 4.6–4.9 times higher than traditional InGaN LEDs when incorporated into III-N LED structures. In this report we demonstrate the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of GaN and ZnGeN2 superlattices, an important step towards realizing multiple quantum well structures required for efficient LEDs. Elemental analysis, including atom probe tomography, shows that Ga and Ge are observed in both ZnGeN2 and GaN layers, degrading the structural uniformity. The lack of elemental abruptness also leads to increased defect luminescence and reabsorption of band edge luminescence. The source of unintentional Ga distributed throughout the ZnGeN2 layers was identified as excess flux escaping from around the closed MBE shutter. The source of unintentional Ge, which tended to incorporate as a single delta-doped layer in GaN, was identified as Ge riding along the cyclical metal-rich Ga adlayer used for high quality GaN, incorporating during subsequent nitrogen-rich growth step. Modifying the growth strategy results in improved structural quality, elemental abruptness, and luminescence response. This realization of structurally and elementally abrupt interfaces demonstrates the potential of heteroepitaxially integrated binary and ternary nitrides for energy-relevant devices.
A comprehensive review on health monitoring of joints in steel structures
Authors: Naresh Maloth , Kumar Vimal , Pal Joy , Sikdar Shirsendu , Banerjee Sauvik , Banerji Pradipta
Published: June 2024

Steel-framed structures find extensive application in civil engineering projects, including buildings, bridges, and towers, due to their dependable material characteristics, expeditious construction capabilities, and cost-efficiency. In such structures, beams and columns are interconnected through either welding or bolting methods. However, it is imperative to recognize that joints represent the critical areas susceptible to damage stemming from a variety of factors, both human-induced and environmental, in addition to the effects of aging. Over the past few decades, substantial attention has been dedicated to the field of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) at the joints of steel structures. This study seeks to comprehensively evaluate various methods employed for SHM at the joints of steel structures, encompassing both bolted and welded connections. While there have been numerous prior review studies that focus on localized and vibration-based techniques for detecting damage at these joints, there is a conspicuous absence of research covering the amalgamation of localized and global approaches across diverse steel structure types. This review paper addresses this gap by offering a thorough examination, incorporating the most recent applications of SHM methodologies employed in research and practical contexts for joint damage detection. Furthermore, it serves as a valuable resource for professionals, engineers, and academics engaged in civil structure design, construction, and maintenance.
Thermal buckling analysis of nano composite laminated and sandwich beams based on a refined nonlocal zigzag model
Authors: Yang Wanli , Jiang Shan , He Dan
Published: June 2024

A refined nonlocal zigzag model for thermal buckling analysis of nano composite laminated and sandwich beams is proposed in this study based on a refined zigzag theory and Eringen’s nonlocal theory. Firstly, present model satisfies the stress-free and continuity conditions a priori by introducing the piecewise-linear zigzag functions and a preprocessing, such that the transverse shear correction factors are not needed. In the preprocessing, accurate and continuous transverse shear stresses are obtained with the aid of the general mixed variational principle, which can be solved simultaneously with other stresses in the governing equations. This is quite different from the previous post-processing. Subsequently, thermal buckling problems of nano composite laminated and sandwich beams are analytically solved in simply supported boundary conditions. The degenerated results without small effect indicate that the non-dimensional critical loads and critical temperatures have a good agreement with the 3D elasticity solutions and previous results, which demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of present model. Moreover, it is observed that the small effect of the critical temperatures can be effectively captured by Eringen’s differential constitutive law (EDCL), which shows the small effect decreases the critical temperature by weakening the stiffness of the beam. Finally, the effects of different thermal expansion coefficients, laminations, geometric sizes and beam theories are discussed. The results show that present model is robust in the arbitrary layouts for both of composite and sandwich structures, which may have some referential significance to Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors and actuators.
Nonreciprocity of spin waves by chiral fluctuations induced in the conical state
Authors: Ma Leikai , Xue Jijun , Hu Shixin , Wang Xiaoying , Pang Hua
Published: June 2024

Nonreciprocity in chiral magnets is promising for applications in chiral spintronics. Spin-wave nonreciprocity happens when applying an external magnetic field to a chiral magnet while a stream of particles parallel to the field flows through it. Here, we found through micromagnetic simulations that, in the absence of lattice chirality, the excitation spectra of spin waves in the conical magnetic state depend on the relative orientations of the spin-polarized current and the external magnetic field applied along the magnetic helix axis. When both are in the same direction, the spin component of the magnet along the helical axis increases with time while the chiral index decreases. Statistical analysis shows that the spin fluctuations are anisotropic, where the fluctuations along the helical axis have chiral characters as multi-modal, high-frequency, and low-intensity. We give an intuitive interpretation of these observations from the point of view of symmetry breaking and explore the factors affecting the nonreciprocity of the spin-wave spectrum, guiding experimental observations.
Tests of no-hair theorem with two binary black-hole coalescences
Authors: Li Song , Han Wen-Biao , Yang Shu-Cheng
Published: June 2024

Test of the no-hair theorem is the primary target with gravitational waves from binary black holes. In this paper, we analyze gravitational-wave data from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detection of binary black-hole mergers using the ΨFD model, which is a non-general relativity full waveform template for arbitrary axisymmetric black holes. By analyzing two high signal-noise-ratio events, GW150914 and GW200129_065458, the no-hair theorem is tested at a significance level of 95%, which is the best constraint until now. More events and further analysis are needed to investigate the suspected deviation from the Kerr scenario found in the special event.