bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reward Management as A Precursor of Employee Retention in Christian Faith-Based Health Institutions in Kenya: Moderating Role Transformation Leadership
Authors: Mwema Nancy Wairimu , Were (PhD) Dr. Susan , Ndeto (PhD) Dr. Magdalene
Published: October 2024

Employee retention is one of the most critical issues facing health institution managers today. In Kenya, Health Sectors have experienced health workers' strikes and high employee turnover. Retaining staff in Christian Faith-Based Health institutions is a dilemma that many health institutions have to grapple with. This motivates the undertaking of the current study to assess reward management as a precursor of employee retention in Christian faith-based health institutions in Kenya. A descriptive research design was used. The target population was 10,124 staff from CHAK Organization. The sample size was 385. The study used primary data collected using a questionnaire. Findings indicated that reward management was a significant precursor for employee retention in Christian Faith-Based health institutions in Kenya (B= 0.754, P = .003). An increase in reward management would impact positively on employee retention. The study concluded that reward management is a significant precursor for employee retention in Christian Faith-Based health institutions. The study also concluded that transformational leadership has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between reward management and employee retention. The study recommends that management in Christian Faith-Based health institutions should seek to measures manage rewards effectively.
Governance and Strategy Implementation in the Federal Government of Somalia
Authors: Ali Abdikadir Abdullahi , Senaji Thomas Anyanje , Awino Douglas Ogolla
Published: October 2024

The study examined the relationship between five governance principles - transparency, accountability, equity, and employee participation and financial strategy implementation in Somalia using a sample of 297 financial institutions. Corporate governance principles were moderately practiced (median of 3 and 4 on a 5-point Likert scale) and were significantly related to the implementation of financial management strategy (accountability: r =.734, p<.05; equity: r =.534, p<.05; employee participation: r =.643, p<.05; transparency (r =.629, p<.05). Somalia's federal government should strengthen corporate governance to improve financial strategy implementation.
Work-Life Balance Benefits and Employee Performance in the State Corporations in Kenya
Authors: Kamwenji Regina Wairimu , Ngugi Prof. Patrick Karanja , Kamaara Dr. Mary
Published: October 2024

The lack of a comprehensive reward management system in a majority of Kenyan state corporations has created dissatisfaction among employees leading to decreased staff morale and consequently decreased employee performance. This study sought to establish the influence of work-life benefits on employee performance in state corporations in Kenya. The study used descriptive and explanatory research designs with a sample size of 642. The study used regression analysis to test the significance of the variables at a 5% significance level on the dependent variable. The findings showed that work-life balance rewards moderately influence employee performance. The study concluded that most state corporations in Kenya recognized work-life balance programs, however, these organizations hardly budgeted for the work-life programs. The study, therefore, recommends that work-life programs should be considered and budgeted for. Offering gym facilities to employees provides a healthy lifestyle and also counters stress. Organizations can also offer childcare facilities so that the parents can work comfortably without worrying about their children and hence maximum concentration at the workplace that would lead to better productivity.
Implementation of Organizational Learning Strategy as a Determinant of Service Delivery at the County Government of Homa Bay
Authors: Madete Yoni Mukaye , Atambo Dr. Wallace
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the Homa Bay County government has been associated with poor service due to practices such as corruption, nepotism, and tribal relations. Additionally, Homa Bay County government officials have been charged with rudeness, inherent absenteeism, and therefore incompetence and inability to provide quality services to residents. The purpose of this study was the implementation of organizational learning strategy as a determinant of service delivery in the Homa Bay County government. This study used a descriptive research design and targeted 248 Homa Bay County government employees across all departments. The findings indicated that organizational learning strategy had a substantial positive association with service delivery. The study concluded that organizational learning strategy has an impact on service delivery. Learning organizations are characterized by a high level of motivation to learn and develop on the part of their employees. The study recommends continuous implementation of organizational learning strategy as the techniques should be viewed as management tactics that enable individuals to learn to accomplish beneficial outcomes including innovation, efficiency, environmental adaption, and competitive advantage.
Impact of Local Politics on Performance of Hospitality Industry: A Managerial Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Gachuru David K. , Senaji Prof. Eng. Thomas A. , Gichunge Prof. Evangeline M.
Published: October 2024

When organizations are formed, they attempt to operateinastylethatmeets the needs of their immediate environment. Despite that, some organizations operate in a manner that can lead to conflict with the communities in which they operate. Nonetheless, there is scarce empirical confirmation on the relationship between local context and performance of organizations. This study wanted to determine the relationship between managerial cognition of the local context and performance of hospitality industry. Specifically, it sought to assess the impact of cognition of local politics on performance of star-rated hotels in Kenya. A mixed-methods survey of 450 managers from 150 hotels categorized into 3, 4, and 5-star hotels was conducted using structured questionnaires while an interview guide was used to collect data from 12 key informants in the hospitality industry. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS software version 26 and null hypotheses tested using binary logistic regression model results. It was found that cognition of local politics did not significantly influence the odds of performance. Based on these findings, it is concluded that local politics significantly influence organizational performance. It is recommended that the hospitality industry takes into account local politics in strategic decisions.
Relationship between Learner Support Strategies for supporting 100 Percent Transition Policy and Quality Teaching and Learning in Public Secondary Schools in Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Ndunge Mutisya Esther , Ogola Dr. Martin , Otieno Dr. Daniel
Published: October 2024

The Kenyan government adopted the 100 percent transition policy in 2018 in response to universal access to basic education following international and national instruments that demand that all children should complete free, equitable, and quality secondary education. Nevertheless, due to inadequate preparation, the policy seems to narrow the access gap alone without paying sufficient attention to how the students would be taught and learn. This study sought to investigate the relationship between learner support strategies to support 100 percent transition policy and quality teaching and learning in public secondary schools in Mwala Sub County, Machakos County. Open Systems Theory and correlational design guided this study. The target population consisted of all principals, heads of department (HODs), and teachers from the 68 public secondary schools in Mwala Sub-County. A random sampling technique was used to sample ten schools to participate in the study. Qualitative data was collected from principals through an interview guide while quantitative data was obtained from the HODs and teachers through a questionnaire. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and correlation analysis. The findings indicated learner support strategies (r=0.738, p<0.05) had a positive and significant relationship with quality teaching and learning. The study concluded that learner support strategies contribute significantly to improved quality teaching and learning in public secondary schools in Mwala Sub County. The study recommends that the school management should ensure adequate learner support in public secondary schools including supporting needy students, effective anti-bullying rules, and instilling discipline among the students.
Influence of Family on Deviant Behavior among Bachelor-Level Students in Kenya
Authors: Mambo Alice W. , Nyamai Dinah Katindi
Published: October 2024

University students' immoral behavior encompasses unethical misconduct, drug abuse, alcoholism, and irresponsible sexual behavior. Deviant behaviors in institutions of higher learning are linked to parental and family influence. This paper provides insights into the issues of deviant behavior among bachelor-level students in Kenya and how family influences such behavior. In Kenya, misconduct cases in institutions of higher learning are not new because factions of university students tend to believe that they can affirm their freedom through immorality. With such concerns, there is a need to establish the reason for deviant behavior among bachelor-level students and how family influence can be tailored to ensure that university students embrace acceptable behavior. This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population was 16,421 university students selected from universities in Nairobi County. Using Yamen’s sample size calculation formula, the sample size was determined as 390, but only 372 students were available in the four selected universities’ main campuses and willing to receive the questionnaire. The study revealed that 53% of the students perceived moral breakdown in the family influences young people’s adherence to negative moral values. A good number of the students, 46.02%, suggested that immoral behavior of parents/guardians and unfriendly upbringing influence deviant behavior among youth. Therefore, the study recommends that parents and guardians model the moral values they wish to see in their children and take the initial role of guiding their children on moral values. Christian-based programs can help university students deviate from deviant behaviors, and public education should be instituted to encourage youth to realize their self-value.
Assessing the Teaching Methods Adopted in the Implementation of the Confirmation Classes Curriculum in the Anglican Church of Kenya: A Study of Thimbigua Deanary
Authors: Waruingi Alice Wacera
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to assess the teaching methods adopted in the implementation of the confirmation curriculum designed to teach catechism classes undertaken by learners in the Anglican Church of Kenya.  The population of the study comprised 30 learners already enrolled in the confirmation classes, three evangelists, and five clergies totaling 38.  Using purposive sampling five learners were selected from each of the six churches making a total sample size of 30.  All five participants from each church were put into focus groups which became units of analysis. The analysis revealed that there was a low level of motivation among the students of the catechism classes to join the main ministries of the Church after the catechism class.  They also affirmed that there were inadequate learning materials in all the Churches to support the catechism classes.  To enhance the implementation of the curriculum, the research recommended using creative teaching methods which would also involve the learners, and flexible teaching methods among the teachers.
Stakeholder Involvement and Implementation of Projects by Kitui County Government, Kenya
Authors: Kimanzi Agnes , Ngugi (PhD) Lucy
Published: October 2024

Many projects do not meet customer-specific goals and do not address issues that are initially defined within the stated time, cost, scope, and quality requirements. The County of Kitui is also affected by project failure that has been attributed to poor change, risk and quality management as well as stakeholder involvement. The paper sought to determine the effect of stakeholders’ involvement on project implementation by the Kitui County government. The paper adopted a descriptive survey research design, with the target population consisting of 93 projects undertaken by Kitui County government. A census was used and therefore all the projects were included in this paper. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Qualitative information was analyzed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated that stakeholders’ involvement had a positive and significant effect on the implementation of projects by Kitui County government. The study recommended that project team members in Kitui County Government ought to be accountable to the stakeholders and this will enhance project success. In addition, project managers should highly involve stakeholders as well as consult them since they provide resources for the running of the project. The project managers should also group the stakeholders according to their levels of participation, interest, and influence on the project.
Entrepreneurial Marketing Capability and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Wachira Paul Muruga , Ngugi (PhD) Prof. Patrick Karanja , Nyang’au (PhD) Dr. Samson
Published: October 2024

The role small and medium enterprises play in propelling economic growth in Kenya and worldwide cannot be overlooked. However, the majority of these businesses, particularly in developing countries experience severe competition from large international businesses. Most of these small businesses have ended up closing down since they could not cope with the rapidly growing competitive environment. This paper sought to investigate the role of entrepreneurial marketing capability on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The study target population constituted small and medium enterprises in Thika town’s light industrial area, Kiambu County in Kenya. The entire target population comprised approximately 2400 licensed small and medium enterprises majorly in manufacturing, trade, and service sub-sectors. The study sampled 331 small and medium enterprise owners using stratified random sampling. The findings revealed that entrepreneurial marketing capability positively and significantly influences the performance of small and medium enterprises. The study concluded that entrepreneurial marketing capability is a significant contributor to small and medium enterprises’ performance. The study recommended that small and medium enterprise owners should strengthen their marketing capabilities. In particular, they should focus on the following aspects: Market sensing, partner linking, customer-focus strategy, regular branding, and discounted sales. Improving these aspects will result in enhanced business performance.
The Elderly Peoples’ Perception of Their Psychological Wellbeing in Selected Mainstream Churches in Affluent Karen-Langata Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Gachuri Esther Wangari , Wambugu Dr. Anne , Kamau Dr. Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

The world is experiencing exponential growth in the elderly population. Old age is a difficult time characterized by unfamiliar terrain of loss of traditional family social systems, poor health, and social challenges. It is in this backdrop that the study purposed to explore the lived experiences of the elderly which influence their psychological wellbeing from selected churches in Karen- Langata, Nairobi. The study used a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach. Purposeful sampling method was used to select 11 respondents in the in-depth interviews and 12 respondents in the focus group discussions (FGD’s). The population of the study was the category of the young-old who were 60-75 years. Verbatim data was transcribed, and descriptive themes were generated to show individual perspectives. The findings of the study indicated that elderly people felt that having family nearby, giving back to the community, and participating in church activities gave their lives meaning. Priority was not given to setting personal development goals before retirement, but the elderly fit their cultural script. The National government should have policies that ensure workers are given financial education to help them set goals while in employment to prepare for old age. To help the elderly improve their psychosocial wellbeing, mental health professionals like psychologists, counselors, and marriage and family therapists should be made available to them. The churches should also prioritize programs for the elderly. They should have transportation arrangements for those who are unable to attend services.
Influence of Supplier Capacity on the Performance of State Corporations in Kenya
Authors: Wachiuri Elizabeth Wangu
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of supplier capacity on the performance of state corporations in Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population included 187 state corporations in Kenya. The study applied a census approach. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to compute percentages of respondents’ answers. Inferential statistics using linear regression and correlation analysis were applied to establish the relationship between the research variables. The results indicated there was a positive and significant relationship between supplier capacity and performance of state corporations in Kenya. The study concluded that supplier capacity had a significant and positive influence on the performance of state corporations in Kenya. Based on the findings, the study recommended the need for suppliers to enhance their capacity to meet the expectations of their customers. Some of the criteria that firms can use to assess their suppliers are technological level, which involves a general assessment of the supplier’s capability in terms of innovation and technology. Further, the study recommended that state corporations’ managers should ensure that all their suppliers adopt modern technology and this will help them improve their capacity performance.
Organizational Culture and Organization Performance in Africa Economic Research Consortium
Authors: Mudachi Evelyn Kasiki , Nderi Dr. Caroline
Published: October 2024

Africa Economic Research Consortium has put in place structures that enable employees to be comfortable in the workplace by adopting competitive compensation practices and providing a good work environment for its employees to thrive. However, the low engagement metrics which stand at 43% are not equal to the organizational investment. The purpose of the study was to see how organizational culture affects organizational performance in Africa Economic Research Consortium. The study was anchored on Resource Base View Theory and used a case study research design. The population sample comprised 455 employees who work at African Economic Research Consortium. Self-administered questionnaires delivered over email were used to gather data. Data analysis was done using descriptive and regression analysis. The findings revealed a strong and positive relationship between organizational culture and performance (β=0.248, p=0.003). This study concludes that to improve organizational performance, organizational culture must support and be in accordance with the planned strategy and performance of employees' daily activities. The study recommends that firms should increase efforts to foster a positive corporate culture because culture is now a tactical instrument in the market for achieving long-term competitive advantage.
Effect of Strategic Leadership Practices on Institutional Performance. A Case of Christian Bilingual University of Congo
Authors: Viviane Bibuya Bwirabuli , Onjure Caleb Odhiambo , Aseka Eric Masinde
Published: October 2024

The study sought to examine the effect of strategic leadership practices on institutional performance – a case of Christian Bilingual University of Congo. The independent variable of the study includes strategic control, human capital, ethical practices, and balanced strategic control while institutional performance constitutes the dependent variable. The study used a quantitative research design. The accessible population was 32 employees of Christian Bilingual University of Congo. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The study found that human capital development affects institutional performance insignificantly. Christian universities do not achieve their optimal institutional performance. However, Strategic Control promotes Institutional Performance, and the work plans address the organization’s objectives, targets, indicators, strategies, timelines, monitoring, and budget.  The study concluded that Christian universities are not carefully evaluating openly the capacity required for their programs, services, and activities. They lack known procedures for selection and prioritization of training components based on the defined assumptions. The study has recommended that the Christian universities in Congo should re-engineer their approach to human capital development so that they may meet their objectives and mission and have qualified and better-equipped people who will move forward as they have the knowledge and they can use it for the advancement of the institution.
Influence of Strategic Leadership Factors on Implementation of Covid-19 Government Guidelines in Evangelical Churches in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Kiniti David Victor Ndolo , Onjure Caleb Odhiambo , Kibanga Jane Kaari
Published: October 2024

The introduction and enforcement of the COVID-19 guidelines by the government of Kenya adversely affected the church due to its social nature of existence and operation. The leadership of the church is expected to play a key role in effecting the implementation of government guidelines to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this is beside the core spiritual mandate of the church. The implementation of these guidelines is a significant addition of responsibilities to the church leadership which has adversely affected the operations of the church in delivering services to the members. The study sought to establish the influence of strategic leadership factors on implementation of COVID-19 government guidelines in evangelical churches in Nairobi registered by Evangelical Alliance of Kenya. This research adopted a descriptive research design and the target population was 500 evangelical churches. The study results showed that strategic leadership factors have a significant influence on the implementation of COVID-19 government guidelines. However, the study established that there is an insignificant influence of strategic planning on the implementation of COVID-19 government guidelines. Organizational culture, human resource development, and organizational communication had a significant influence on the implementation of COVID-19 government guidelines. The study concluded that strategic leadership factors were very important for the achievement of proper implementation of COVID-19 government guidelines. The study recommended that church leaders should involve the congregants in the strategic planning process. The church should also gather data on the pandemic and other external factors affecting members to inform the strategic planning process. Further, the church should inculcate a culture of recognizing and rewarding best performance to motivate the staff. The church should carry out a periodical needs assessment to make strategic decisions on staff development. In addition, partnerships with the government and other stakeholders in the health sector should be sought to develop a training program that will meet the needs identified from the needs assessment. Further, the church leaders should review and improve the turn-around –time of communicating with the congregants on all matters concerning the implementation of the guidelines.
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Sigey Richard Kipkirui , Omwenga Jane , Sije Antony
Published: October 2024

Many nations acknowledge that SMEs play an important role in ensuring economic stability, growth, job creation, and social cohesion besides development. Despite the importance of SME sector in the growing economy, these enterprises face various challenges that include a shortage of operating funds, diversion of returns to other uses, and personal issues. The objective of this study was to assess the entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs in Kenya. The study also sought to determine the moderating role of information technology capability on entrepreneurial orientation as pertained the performance of SMEs in Kenya. The study was anchored on the resource-based view theory. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design and, the targeted population was SMEs. The sample population was a census of top 100 Small and Medium-sized firms which were surveyed by Nation Media Group and KPMG Audit and Management firm for the year 2017. Self-administered semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that SMEs' performance was influenced positively but insignificantly by entrepreneurial orientation. Results also indicated that in the presence of information technology capability, the contribution of entrepreneurial orientation towards the performance of SMEs is insignificant. The study concludes that it is important for SME firms to build entrepreneurial capacities to enhance performance. The study recommended that SME managers need to put in place resources and mechanisms that encourage and support entrepreneurial activities. Such activities such as encouraging innovation, product offering and continuously assessing risk.
Effect of Strategic Management Practices on Performance of Private Schools in Bungoma South Sub-County
Authors: Mwima Thomas Nambikhwa , Kibanga Jane
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to examine the effect of strategic management practices on the performance of private schools in the Bungoma South Sub-County. The study adopted a descriptive research design to observe and describe the study phenomenon and to assess the relationship between the variables. The target population included private schools located in Bungoma South sub-county. Data was collected through questionnaires from ten selected private schools in the sub-county based on a stratified sampling design. The data was analyzed quantitatively using descriptive and linear multiple regression analysis methods. The coefficients drawn from the multiple regression model showed that the variables impact the performance of private schools although at different levels. For instance, strategic leadership was found to have the highest predictive effect on the performance of private schools (β=2.698, P=0.07) followed by strategic financial management (β=1.8018, 0.022) and strategic human resource management (β=0.9592, p=0.04). Leadership in private schools should remain proactive in accepting and pursuing change with the changing dynamics in the business environment. Private schools in the Bungoma South sub-county should pursue novel strategic financial decisions such as diversifying their operations and revenue sources to expand their revenue base beyond teaching. Private schools should be proactive in incorporating financial planning as a strategy to control costs, set realizable financial targets, and guarantee improved transparency and accountability to enhance the financial performance and stability of the schools.
Effect of Strategic Procurement Practices on Performance of Kenya Power and Lighting Company in Mombasa County
Authors: Wambui Shirlen Wanjiru , Barasa Peter Wamalwa
Published: October 2024

The Procurement and disposal Act, of 2015, gives guidelines and power to parastatals to ensure that the procurement process is fair and efficient for the participants. However, there have been procurement irregularities in KPLC that have caused a massive financial haemorrhage. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of strategic procurement practices on performance of Kenya Power and Lighting Company in Mombasa County. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of outsourcing, negotiation, tendering, and inventory control on performance of Kenya Power and Lighting Company in Mombasa County. The study had the resource-based view theory and transaction cost theory. It used a research approach and descriptive research design on a target population of 113 staff of four KPLC offices located in Mbaraki, Mombasa CBD, and Nyali. This study selected the staff using census method and issued questionnaires to all the respondents. The secondary data was generated from income statements and cash flow reports dating from 2020 to 2022. The questionnaire was pre-tested at the KPLC Kilifi county office. Face, content, and criterion validity were measured whereas Cronbach alpha was used to measure reliability. Descriptive statistics like frequencies, mean and percentages were analysed. The study used a thematic method to analyse the open-ended questions and tables, and explanations as main methods of data presentation. The study’s finding on outsourcing practice was that there was occurrence of delays in providing urgent services and products. On negotiation practice, KPLC’s negotiation process was affected by corruption by rogue staff with selfish interests. On tendering practice, there was low incorporation ICT into the tendering process. On inventory control methods, there was inconsistency of policy systems towards guiding quality warehouse management. The study recommendations on outsourcing practice are that the procurement department management conducts a thorough check on the potential products and services outsourced. On negotiation practice, KPLC senior management should develop and implement anticorruption policies on corrupt staff. On tendering practice, senior management should provide funds, increase awareness, and strengthen the ICT implementation policies. On inventory control practice, the procurement department staff undergo training on warehouse management and disposal management.
Abstaining from Retaliation: A Story of Restoration Ministry-OEIL in Eastern Congo
Authors: Muhongya Elias Kasereka
Published: October 2024

Reports of violence flow from everywhere. They make humankind look powerless in front of conflicts and seem inclined to a retaliation culture. Many people prefer to justify retaliation by euphemistic concepts like self-defense, counterattack, letting justice prevail, counteroffensive, etc. This is a mere application of the natural human principle of the lex talionis. In tumultuous zones like the African Great Lakes Region in general and Eastern Congo in particular, one might expect escalation of conflicts if retaliation is the only option. However, the advent of Christianity in our societies has strengthened a new culture of reconciliation among opponent groups as a way out of violent conflicts. In a world immersed in retaliation culture, a message about raising a culture of reconciliation by abstaining from retaliation sounds like naïveté or treason. This paper sets out to respond to this question: How does reconciliation become an antidote to retaliation in the Eastern Congo context? Using Case Study method, the objective of this study is to present biblical, ethical, and practical ways of breaking the circle of violence and building a culture of peace. In Eastern Congo, Restoration Ministry-OEIL is one of the Christian organizations that strive to promote reconciliation among ethnic communities. It raises awareness of the root causes of Eastern Congo crisis from their local, national, regional, and international dimensions. Therefore, its story constitutes historical evidence of the possibility of abstaining from retaliation despite the horrors of violence endured. Its peacemaking method is a good example of a contextual theology of reconciliation from indigenous practices.
Supply Chain Flexibility and Performance of Food and Beverages Manufacturing Firms in Kenya
Authors: Ngatia Regina Njeri , Osoro Dr. Anthony , Nyang’au Dr. Samson Paul
Published: October 2024

In the current dynamic business environment, any organization can survive if it performs exceptionally well. This study's main goal was to assess the effect of supply chain flexibility and performance of food and beverages manufacturing firms in Kenya. The cross-sectional survey was used in the study. Senior procurement managers from 246 Kenyan companies that produce food and beverages were the target audience. Krejcie and Morgan (1970) were used to estimate a sample size of 150 respondents. Simple random sampling was used to choose the sample. Pilot research of 15 firms, representing 10% of the sample size, was carried out, and 13 questionnaires were returned. Semi-structured and self-administered questionnaires were employed by the researcher. 135 questionnaires were given to responders and 119 were returned. Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis, were used to analyze the data. Correlation, regression, and hypothesis testing were also used in inferential statistics. SPSS version 28 was used for processing the acquired data. Tables were used to display the data. According to the dependability results, every variable satisfies the requirement for a Cronbach's alpha value of greater than 0.7. Criteria, content, and construct validity were also examined. The findings showed a favorable, substantial linear significance between SCF and performance of food and beverages companies in Kenyan (β: 0.590, t: 7.910, p ≤ 0.00) In addition, the results indicated that when one unit in supply chain flexibility grows there is a rise in a unit of the performance. The study concluded that supply chain flexibility significantly improves the performance of food industry. The research recommends that supply chain flexibility be strategically implemented.
Effect of Teachers’ Perception Towards Performance Appraisal on Its Implementation in Public Secondary Schools in Mbooni East Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Mumo Waema S. , Munguti Stephen , Nzioki Susan
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teachers’ perception of performance appraisal on its implementation in public secondary schools in Mbooni East Sub-County, Kenya. The study was based on the Expectancy Theory of Motivation and was conducted using a descriptive survey design. The target population was 47 Principals and 416 teachers in public secondary schools in Mbooni-East Sub-County. A sample of 19 Principals and 126 teachers was selected through both stratified and simple random sampling. Quantitative data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was categorized into themes in accordance with the research objective and presented in narrative form. Results revealed that teachers’ perception of performance appraisal affected its implementation. In as much the teachers’ both negative and positive perceptions about the implementation of performance appraisal, they noted that performance appraisal had had a positive impact on their teaching standards and their teaching profession as a whole. The Ministry of Education should organize more workshops and seminars to sensitize teachers on the importance of performance appraisal and how to use the TPAD tool. The Ministry should also engage teachers in public participation to ensure that they incorporate the required changes in the performance appraisal process to make it more productive.
Relationship Between Medical Allowance and Employee Retention at the Teachers Service Commission, Nairobi Kenya
Authors: Rutere Catherine Kanorio , Doreen Dr. Njeje , Osoro Dr. Cliff
Published: October 2024

This study looked into the effect of medical allowance on employee retention at Kenya's Teachers Service Commission. Research design was a descriptive survey. 350 TSC employees from the finance, audit, human resource management, development, and administration were targeted. A sample of 186 was obtained using the Yamane formula and stratified random sampling method. Questionnaires were employed. Collected quantitative data was analyzed on a computer using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) summarized into frequencies and percentages and presented in the form of tables, figures, and pie charts. Inferential analysis facilitated the identification of the relationship between study variables. The results revealed a beta value of.610, indicating that a unit increase in medical allowance would result in a 60.3% increase in employee retention. Furthermore, the t-statistic was 9.807, and the associated p-value was 0.000, which is less than the p<.05 level of significance. As a result, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative is accepted, leading to the conclusion that there is a statistically significant association between medical allowance and staff retention at Kenya's Teachers Service Commission. To enhance employee retention, the study recommends that the commission should consider providing employees with a dedicated allowance for medical expenses which demonstrates the organization's commitment to supporting their health and well-being, which is crucial for fostering loyalty and satisfaction among the workforce. The commission should ensure that the employees have access to adequate healthcare coverage because it helps them to alleviate financial burdens associated with medical expenses, reducing stress and improving overall job satisfaction.
Effect of Strategic Scanning on Performance of NGOs in Samburu County, Kenya
Authors: Lalampaa Kelvin Saruni , Rintari, PhD Dr. Nancy , Kanyiri Adel
Published: October 2024

Strategic scanning is a key influencer that enhanced an organizational ability to deliver services and programs effectively. Despite the NGOs in Samburu County adopting various strategic planning processes such as strategic scanning, there have been deteriorating performance in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to establish the effect of strategic scanning on performance of NGOs in Samburu County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design, encompassing all 31 NGOs within the county.  Notably,262 employees within these organizations were involved in the study. A sample size of 158 employees were selected using stratified random sampling where structured questionnaires were used to gather insights from these employees. Further, the study undertook a pre-testing and selected a pilot sample of 16 employees from three NGOs in Isiolo County to ensure the questionnaire's clarity and relevance. The correlation coefficient for strategic scanning r=0.505 at α < 0.009 and 99% significance level. Therefore, since the correlation coefficient was less than 1 and p-value was less than 0.05, the study rejected the null hypothesis. The study concluded that majority of NGOs wasted a lot of resources on strategies that they would have benchmarked with their competitors. This was attributed to poor strategic scanning of the environment to note what was working and what was not among different stakeholders such as their competitors.  A continued non-benchmarked strategy would be a recipe for failure and reduced performance. The recommendation is that NGO management should liaise with operations staff for information on what their competitors were doing in regard to strategic plan implementation. In the same line of thought the management should set policies that allow flexibility on strategy changes to facilitate benchmarking practices. This would improve resonance of established strategic plans that were impactful, time-bound, and realistic in implantation stage.
Contemporary Curriculum Concerns for Theological Education in Africa
Authors: Koske Stanley Kiplang’at
Published: October 2024

This article explores crucial issues of concern for theological education (TE) in Africa. The article particularly sets the motion towards a more compelling discussion on current influences on the shape of TE and to which those tasked to develop its curricular programmes are compelled to critically reflect on the relevance of the models and methodologies used. Based on the analysis of the available related literature, the author is convinced that contextual curriculum for TE is essentially best served in effecting transformative TE that is oriented towards participatory approach. Ideally, TE exists to enable God’s people to meaningfully participate in fulfilling God’s purpose for the Church in the world. However, its current model is inadequate to address the ever-urging needs of society, since it not only falls short of sharpening the required knowledge, skills and personal spiritual formation but also fails to address the real needs of the people to whom the student is called to minister. Consequently, the church is disengaged from the culture and the social and physical needs of society it is designed to serve. An ideal TE programme should be geared to address some crucial issues in Africa such as the challenge of diversity, which threatens the essence of the African culture; inadequate approach to power encounter, which results from the dichotomy between the sacred and the secular, the presence of poverty, which demands the humanitarian focus of development; power encounter, and professional development issues, which require consideration by theological educators and curriculum developers. Theological educators should not only be cognizant of but also proactively attend to the present and future trends that tend to influence the shape of TE in Africa.
Revitalizing Performance of Three Star Hotels in Machakos County, Kenya Through the Application of Turnaround Strategies
Authors: Wambua Regina Wanza , Muthimi, PhD Janet
Published: October 2024

This study sought to assess the effect of turnaround strategies on performance of selected three-star hotels in Machakos County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the impact of downsizing, divestiture, price bundling, and repositioning on the performance of three-star hotels in Machakos County, Kenya. The research was grounded on the balance scorecard theory, contingency theory, institutional theory, and resource-based view theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. A total of 454 (Finance staff, HR staff, and Marketing staff, Guests) involved in operation of three-star hotels were targeted. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 135 respondents. Semi-structured questionnaires were utilized to gather primary data. A pilot study was done using 10 participants who were not involved in the final data gathering to check validity and reliability of study instrument. To explore the impact of the link between the independent and dependent variables, multiple regression analysis was performed. The study findings show that coefficient of correlation was 0.789, an indication that the study variables significantly influenced performance of three-star hotels. Coefficient of adjusted determination was 0.615 which translates to 61.5%. This indicates that variations in dependent variable was explained by the independent variables (downsizing strategy, divestiture strategy, price bundling and repositioning strategy). The findings also established that P-value was 0.001 which is less than 0.05 an indication that the study variables significantly influenced performance of three-star hotels. The study concludes that turnaround strategies significantly affect the performance of selected three-star hotels in Machakos County, Kenya. The hotel administrators should come up with reliable communication channels about the reasons behind the downsizing staff and offer support services for affected employees. The three-star hotels should conduct thorough due diligence before divesting any assets. This includes a comprehensive analysis of the financial implications, potential impact on market share, and considerations of the long-term strategic goals of the organization.
The Impact of Moral Discretions on the Afterlife – A Theological Reflection on the Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus in Luke 16:19-31
Authors: Kimosop Ezekiel
Published: October 2024

This study examines the Christian afterlife motif from the analysis of a New Testament parable that the writer considers to concisely convey the biblical afterlife view from the composite of a Jewish and Christian perspective. The parable of Lazarus and the Rich Man recorded in Luke 16:19-31 is significant in outlining Jesus’ teaching on what awaits the righteous and the unrighteous in the Christian afterlife based on their response to the religious creed on moral responsibility. The study outlines the roles of the parable characters in the portrayal of the afterlife theme under a sociocultural, historical, and contextual analysis of the passage and related texts of Scripture. It interacts with the structure, passage context, and theological implications of the moral lessons of the parable. The findings of the study are significant for theological application. While Lazarus’ portrayal as a disadvantaged, sickly, and destitute man, the superfluity and avarice of the rich man cascade beyond the confines of social class distinctions. He is representative of the selfish, self-centred members of the nobility of his day whose trappings of privilege had numbed their moral senses. He never cared for the suffering in his community of context. His afterlife experience serves as a warning to all men that God values empathy and moral stewardship, irrespective of class distinctions. Lazarus is finally vindicated as a godly soul, being joined to Abraham, a venerated Jewish patriarch in the paradise of God. In the converse, the Rich Man is consigned to Hades, a place reserved for the wicked and the unrighteous in Jewish theology. The rich man suffers in Hades, not because of his social status but on account of his ungodly comportment. Hades and Hell can be avoided if an earthly soul lives by the dictates of the creed of God’s word rather than by the exigencies of culture or class. God will punish men not based on their accumulation of earthly resources or the trappings of power and privilege but for what they failed to do so in easing the pain of the disadvantaged when they could.