bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Effect of XYPEX Admixture on the Performance of Panel Concrete and Microscopic Mechanism
Authors: Wang Tao , Ma Xifeng , Ma Xifeng , Ma Yue , Xiong Haiyong , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhu Haibo
Published: August 2024

The influence of different XYPEX content on the performance of dam panel concrete was
studied through laboratory tests. The test results show that a certain amount of XYPEX can improve
the compressive strength and impermeability of panel concrete. According to the scanning electron
microscope photos, XYPEX admixture has a good filling effect on the internal pores of concrete in
the microstructure, and the macro performance is improved for impermeability, but the effect on the
visible cracks on the surface of concrete is small. The research results fill the gap in the research
field of XYPEX admixture in dam panel concrete, provide a new idea for improving the durability of
panel concrete, and provide technical support and data support for the future application of XYPEX
admixture in water conservancy and hydropower projects.
Eficácia das intervenções farmacológicas no manejo da asma infantil: Análise de corticosteroides inalados, broncodilatadores e novos agentes terapêuticos
Authors: Nascimento da Silveira Gomes Rebecca , De Fatima da Conceição Veríssimo Lopes Juliana , Rosa dos Santos Heloina , Amariz Yamamoto Fernanda , Sperle Bizarro Marcella Vitória , Menezes Caetano de Lima Thiago , Gomes Martins Hellen Rafaella , Bobrownik de Oliveira Róbson Willian , Zanoni Freire Thaisa , Martins de Oliveira Nunes Raissa , Ferreira França Thais Regina , Aparecida Gomes Silva Hiasmin , Caruso Devolder Maria Eduarda , Peixoto dos Santos Isabella
Published: August 2024

A asma é uma doença crônica com alta prevalência na infância, caracterizada pela inflamação das vias aéreas, resultando no comprometimento da qualidade de vida das crianças acometidas.Nesse contexto, diversos agentes farmacológicos, como corticosteróides inalados, broncodilatadores e novos agentes terapêuticos, emergem como possíveis terapias farmacológicas a fim de otimizar o manejo da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida das crianças afetadas, tornando-se necessário a realização de estudos para análise da eficácia e direcionamento efetivo da prática clínica, contribuindo para uma abordagem mais promissora para o manejo da asma infantil. Desse modo,  este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o uso de corticosteroides inalados, broncodilatadores e novos agentes terapêuticos. A metodologia empregada no estudo foi a de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca em bases de dados relevantes, resultando na seleção de 15 estudos que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Os resultados indicam que, embora os corticosteroides sejam eficazes, outros agentes terapêuticos podem oferecer benefícios significativos, especialmente em termos de adesão ao tratamento e controle de sintomas, sem os efeitos adversos associados ao uso prolongado de corticosteroides, enfatizando a importância de uma abordagem individualizada no tratamento da asma, considerando as preferências dos pacientes e cuidadores. Portanto, evidenciou-se a necessidade de pesquisa contínua para estabelecer diretrizes claras sobre a combinação de terapias, visando garantir que as crianças asmáticas recebam o tratamento mais eficaz e seguro, melhorando assim sua qualidade de vida.
The Human Element of Organizational Leadership: Why AI Alone Cannot Replace Exceptional People-Centered Leaders
Authors:   Utah Valley University, Westover Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This article explores how effective leaders are leveraging both technology and human skills to positively transform industries in an age of increasing artificial intelligence (AI) and automation. While AI can perform certain routine tasks and analyze large datasets, it argues key qualities of human leadership like emotional intelligence, developing people, building relationships and trust, adapting to change wisely, and leveraging technology with a human touch cannot be replicated by machines. It examines examples of leaders in healthcare, education, and financial services who blend digital tools with a sustained focus on cultivating each individual's humanity. It concludes the most impactful leaders champion dignity, diversity, and purpose through authentic dedication to nurturing relationships and empowering all within their organizations to thrive. While technology enhances capabilities, truly transformational leadership requires compassionately guiding whole organizations with vision, care, and an emphasis on developing every person's unique talents - an indispensable role that AI cannot assume.
Evaluación democrática y autorregulación en el aula. Una experiencia con estudiantes de 4° básico en el contexto de la metodología ABP
Authors:   , Maldonado Álvarez Maira
Published: August 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es diseñar orientaciones para el apoyo pedagógico y promover el Compromiso público en áreas con baja participación en instancias formativas del Centro de Docencia de una universidad, relevante ante la necesidad de promoverlo en todas las disciplinas. El estudio adoptó un enfoque cualitativo basado en entrevistas semi-estructuradas a cinco académicos1 de disciplinas Hard Pure (ciencias puras con enfoque cuantitativo) y Soft Pure (humanidades, estudio de lo particular con foco cualitativo) (Becher y Trowler, 2001). Las entrevistas buscaron identificar percepciones sobre el apoyo pedagógico y creencias respecto al Compromiso público. Los resultados muestran una falta de reconocimiento del rol del Centro de Docencia, como también una variada percepción respecto al apoyo pedagógico sobre temáticas de Compromiso público y habilidades transversales. Además, se observa una comprensión del Compromiso público desde un rol individual en la difusión del conocimiento más que asociado a la formación del estudiantado, señalando también, una tensión entre docencia, investigación y extensión. Finalmente, se identifica la necesidad de incluir estrategias pedagógicas en lo curricular, como casos reales, y una vinculación entre académicos que trabajen estos temas. En conclusión, se recomienda mejorar la visibilidad del Centro para apoyar a académicos en la promoción del Compromiso público. Esto requiere un esfuerzo colaborativo y contextualizado, adaptado a las necesidades de cada territorio académico, para integrar esta habilidad transversal.
Estrategias para mejorar la convivencia universitaria
Authors:   , Figueroa Torres Konstansa del Pilar
Published: August 2024

El presente trabajo surge tras identificar la necesidad de abordar la temática de convivencia en una institución de educación superior chilena y tiene por objetivo diseñar un plan de trabajo de convivencia universitaria creado por la Dirección de Asuntos Estudiantiles y estudiantes de esta institución Este plan, ejecutado en un plazo determinado, busca mejorar el bienestar y la experiencia de los estudiantes, fomentar su inclusión educativa y cumplir con los estándares de calidad establecidos tanto por la institución como por la Comisión Nacional de Acreditación. Lo cual, se realiza considerando los documentos y lineamientos institucionales, la revisión bibliográfica, las buenas prácticas nacionales e internacionales existentes.Mediante la metodología de grupos focales para la investigación cualitativa, se realiza un diagnóstico inicial de convivencia universitaria, para posteriormente construir una propuesta para la institución que considere las percepciones expertas de los profesionales y la experiencia de las y los estudiantes a través del codiseño.Los resultados indican que la institución debe abordar la convivencia mediante acciones concretas a implementar en un máximo de cinco años, involucrando a diversos actores para formar una comunidad que promueva el bienestar común y resuelva conflictos. Además, se sugiere definir una política institucional que promueva relaciones positivas entre los miembros de la comunidad, un resultado no previsto inicialmente.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide with Different Herbal Additives: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Siddaiah Shakuntala Bethur , Vijaya Pragna S
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Microorganisms such as Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacteriaceae, and Candida albicans are associated with persisting infections and can cause endodontic failure. The addition of herbal additives such as Triphala, Clove, and Activated charcoal to Calcium hydroxide enhances the microbial efficacy within the root canal. Aim: To evaluate and compare the anti-microbial efficacy of calcium hydroxide with various herbal additives against E. faecalis and C. albicans using Agar Diffusion Test (ADT) and Direct Contact Test (DCT). Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study was conducted in Bangalore, Karnataka, between July 2023 and September 2023. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Mueller-Hinton Agar were prepared and used to culture C. albicans and E. faecalis, respectively. In each plate, four wells were filled with groups (n=10): Group-I: Nanocalcium hydroxide (NCH)+sterile distilled water, Group-II: NCH+Nanoparticle Clove, GroupIII: NCH+Nanoparticle Triphala, Group-IV: NCH+nanoparticle activated charcoal. The plates were incubated at 37°C, and zones of inhibition around the wells were measured on the first, third, and seventh day. DCT was evaluated in Colony Forming Units (CFUs)/ml by adding each bacterial suspension to four groups and inoculating on blood agar plates. One-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s post-hoc analysis was used to compare the mean Zone Of Inhibition (ZOI). Kruskal-Wallis Test followed by Mann-Whitney post-hoc test was used to compare the mean CFUs. Results: One-way ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference in the mean ZOI between the four groups at p=0.005. The maximum mean ZOI against C. albicans was achieved by the combination of calcium hydroxide and clove with an average mean of 22.20±1.92 mm, 20±1.87 mm, and 17.20±2.28 mm on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day, respectively. Calcium hydroxide with distilled water combination showed the highest mean ZOI against E. faecalis with an average mean of 18.20±0.84 mm on day 1, 17±1 mm on the 3rd and 7th day. The mean CFUs of E. faecalis and C. albicans showed a significant difference between the four groups at p<0.001. Conclusion: The addition of herbals to Calcium hydroxide increased anti-microbial activity against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis.
Management of Mandibular Anterior Demineralisation Associated with Myofunctional Appliance: A Case Report
Authors: Narayan S Advaitha , Madhuram K , Shanmugapriya K , Leburu Ashok , Kumar V Naveen
Published: August 2024

Myofunctional appliances encompass a diverse range of intraoral devices that rely on the intrinsic forces of the orofacial musculature for their functionality. These appliances are typically designed to be removable and exhibit a passive mechanism of action. Caries and demineralisation are well known adverse side effects of myofunctional orthodontic appliances, with the most frequent reports relating to fixed appliance treatment. Hereby, the authors present a case report of a 12-year-old male patient with a slight neuromotor defect who developed significant caries and demineralisation of the permanent mandibular anteriors due to the consumption of large quantities of carbonated drinks and acidic fruits while wearing a twin block appliance for eight months and failing to return for regular orthodontic follow-ups. The patient was provided with strategies for oral health training and diet modification. Fluoride varnish was applied to treat the caries and pain caused by hypersensitivity. Additionally, at-home application of GC Tooth Mousse Plus, which is rich in Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Fluoride (CCP-ACPF), was utilised for remineralisation and dentinal tubule occlusion. The mandibular anteriors were restored with composite resin using an ultra-conservative 3D guided technique, alongside preventive care during the fluoride varnish application. The present case report emphasises the risk of decalcification of teeth during orthodontic treatment and the importance of regular dental check-ups.
Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Anti-nutritive Components of Selected Indigenous Vegetables
Authors: Ngungulu Theresia Ponsiano , Wenaty Alex , Chove Bernard , Suleiman Rashid , Mbwana Hadijah
Published: August 2024

Indigenous vegetables are widely utilized due to their high nutritional profiles, easy availability, and accessibility in rural areas. The consumption of indigenous vegetables is limited by their high perishability nature which causes high post-harvest losses. Also, the presence of anti-nutritive components which tend to affect the bioavailability of micronutrients, poses a challenge in availing their full nutritional potential to consumers. This study aimed to determine the effect of boiling, fermentation, solar and sun drying (with and without blanching) on the anti-nutritive components of the leaves of Cassava (Manhot esculenta Crantz), Black jack (Bidens pilosa) and Bitter lettuce (Launaea cornuta). The raw, dried, boiled and fermented vegetables were evaluated directly after being subjected to their corresponding treatments. Total oxalate and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) were analyzed using titrimetric methods and phytate was determined using the UV spectrophotometric method. From the results, oxalic acid ranged from 180.2 ± 1.56 to 26.3 ± 2.34mg/100g, phytate ranged from 18.8 ± 1.07 to 0.7 ± 1.11mg/100g and hydrogen cyanide ranged from 357.1 ± 10.56 to 4.1 ± 2.49mg /100g across the treatments. All processing methods significantly (P<0.05) reduced hydrogen cyanide and oxalic acid content in all vegetable samples. Phytate was significantly reduced (P<0.05) after boiling and fermentation while, all drying treatments resulted in non-significant changes in phytate content. In consequence, all processing methods studied proved to be effective in the reduction of hydrogen cyanide and oxalic acid. Boiling and fermentation showed their effectiveness in the reduction of phytate. Therefore, it is recommended that these plants should be eaten boiled or fermented to increase the bioavailability of micronutrients.
Green Product Consumption: A Rural Women's Perspective
Authors: Dua Kavita , Yadav Poonam
Published: August 2024

Consumer awareness and perception towards green products have become increasingly significant in the context of sustainable consumption and environmental conservation efforts. This study investigates the dynamics of consumer behavior regarding green products, examining factors that influence awareness, attitudes and purchasing decisions. The study was conducted in Hisar and Mahendergarh districts of Haryana during the period of 2022-23. In each district, two villages were chosen, Dabra and Neoli Kalan in Hisar and Kanina and Dewas from Mahendergarh. From each village, a total of 10 rural women were selected. Impact of training and workshop programs on KAP of rural women was assessed by using self- developed interview schedules on consumer behavior of rural women with regard to green products. The objective of study was providing training and workshops to rural women regarding eco friendly products. Results reveal that 52.5% of respondents within the age group of 27-33 years, 37.5% had completed senior secondary education, and 57.5% were married. About 45% to 65% of respondents reporting an 'average' level of awareness in both districts. Among respondents, 60% experienced the highest gain in knowledge regarding point-of-purchase and health benefits. The mean difference noted post-exposure consistently exceeded that observed pre-exposure, indicating significant improvements. Cent percent of respondents exhibited a favorable overall attitude and training and workshops had significantly enhanced respondents' attitudes towards various aspects of green products. The data also reveals a 10% to 15% rise in green product usage post-exposure, accompanied by a decrease in non-usage from 10% to 35% across all green product categories in both districts. Results also revealed that approximately 10% of respondents from each district perceived green and non-green product prices as similar on average. A majority of respondents from Hisar (75% always, 25% often) and Mahendergarh (70% always, 30% often) expressed willingness to purchase green products if priced equivalently to non-green alternatives. Conclusively results showed significant knowledge gain and favorable attitudes toward green products.
Associated Factors of Polypharmacy among Elderly Patients Attended at Primary Care Setting
Authors: Lopez-Hernandez Daniel , Beltran-Lagunes Luis , Soto-de-la-Cruz Pilar , Brito-Aranda Leticia , Pavon-Delgado Ernestina , Castro-Diaz Alaina Mariana , Melgarejo-Estefan Emmanuel , Orozco-Campos Nadhyieli , Vazquez-Sanchez Alberto , Torres-Garcia Edgar Esteban , Garcia-Edgar Victor Noe , Duran-Rojo Roberto , Olivares-Lopez Xochitl Liliana , Noguez-Alvarez Victor Hugo , Anguiano-Velazquez Tabata Gabriela , Nuñez-Calvillo Miguel Angel , Herrerias-Colin Luis Angel , Granados-Kraulles Jorge Arturo , Sanchez-Barcernas Ricardo Alejandro , Santiago-Sanchez Benita , Juarez-Montoya Carmen Lizzete , Ramirez Israel Ambrosio , Miranda Miriam Idalith Infante
Published: August 2024

Aims: To determine the factors associated with polypharmacy in individuals aged 60 and over attending at a primary care unit.
Methodology: A case-control study was designed with the population served from January 2017 to December 2018 at the “Aragón” Family Medicine Clinic.
Results: A total population of 1,657 cases and 1,657 controls was included. The prevalence of excessive polypharmacy was significantly higher (p < 0.001) among patients seen in the MIDE module (n=203, 59.2%; 95% CI 54.2-65.0) and Dentistry (n=188, 48.1%; 95% CI 43.0-52.9). The most frequently prescribed and dispensed medications were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, vitamins, statins, lipid-lowering agents, and non-insulin hypoglycemic agents. A significant association was observed between polypharmacy and the number of services used (OR=2.87; 95% CI 2.40-3.43, p< 0.001 for 2 services, and OR=11.21; 95% CI 6.28-20.03, p< 0.001 for 3 or more services), the presence of multiple morbidities (OR=5.65; 95% CI 4.73-6.76, p< 0.001), and the type of entitlement (OR=0.80; 95% CI 0.69-0.94, p=0.009; family members).
Conclusions: The risk factors associated with polypharmacy are linked to the clinical conditions of the patient and the medicalisation process of primary care.
Evaluation of Socio-emotional Behavior in Children with Autism in Canid-assisted Therapy
Authors: (Măierean) Ana Maria Zagrai , Cotor Dragoș Corneliu , Zagrai Gavrilă , Cotor Gabriel , Damian Aurel
Published: August 2024

Animal-assisted therapy in children with autism (AAT) is a complementary therapy, which includes procedures from all other therapies.  AAT is a group of interventions based on an animal's behavioural characteristics (the most common therapy animals being dogs), which, depending on needs, can be included in standard treatments such as behavioural therapy, play therapy, music therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and art therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an existing TAA program on social communication skills, executive functions, and motor skills in children diagnosed with ASD. The study used an observational research design, exploring the frequency of behaviors when dogs are present or absent from an intervention group program. This study involved 16 children, diagnosed with ASD, aged between 7 and 13 years (12 boys and 4 girls) who were recruited from the School Center for Inclusive Education (C.S.E.I.) "LACRIMA" BISTRIȚA. The results obtained by us concluded that Canide-Assisted Therapy, applied under the conditions of our experiment, led to a significant improvement in all behavioral parameters taken in the study. We notice the positive effect, especially on the parameters related to group gaming behavior with a share of 38.7% higher than the control group, Eye Contact with a share of (15.68%) higher than the control group and Social Attention with a share of 28.57% higher than the control group. We also notice a positive effect on the parameters regarding emotional and physical functionality.
Study of Genetic Variability in F2 Population for Yield Enhancing Traits under Direct Seed Condition in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: M Prashanth , C Gireesh , Lakshmi Sree , Laha G.S. , Kumari P Lavanya , M S Anantha , Sundaram R M , P Senguttuvel
Published: August 2024

The present investigation was conducted to assess the variability, frequency distribution of grain yield and yield attributing traits in F2 generation of DRR Dhan 60 × Pusa 44 (NIL). In order to better understand the genetics of DSR and develop rice genotypes that are aerobic conditions-suited, genetic diversity is crucial. The experimental material consists of 236 F2 plants along with parents which were planted in DSR plot at ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad. Data recorded for the traits viz., Days to 50% flowering, Plant height, Number of tillers per plant, Flag leaf length, Flag leaf width, Number of panicles per plant, Panicle length, Number of spikelets per panicle, Number of filled grains per panicle, Number of chaffy grains per panicle, Spikelet fertility, Spikelet sterility, 1000-grain weight and Grain yield per plant. The traits, number of productive tillers per plant, number of tillers per plant, flag leaf length and grain yield per plant have high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. For productive tillers per plant, number of tillers per plant, flag leaf length, and grain yield per plant, high GCV and PCV along with high heritability and high genetic advance as a percentage of mean were noted. This suggests an additive type of gene action and that selection for these traits is effective. These findings indicate that, in aerobic conditions, there was adequate genetic diversity for most of the characters under investigation.
Oxygen isotope thermometry, speedometry, and hygrometry: Apparent equilibrium temperature versus closure temperature
Authors: Ni Huaiwei
Published: December 2014

Rather than indicating formation/peak temperature, oxygen isotope fractionations preserved in mineral assemblages of slowly cooled plutonic and metamorphic rocks yield apparent equilibrium temperatures (Tae). The isotopic fractionations and Tae values deliver information about cooling history, as the extent of diffusive exchange of oxygen isotopes during cooling is controlled by the cooling time scale or cooling rate. Despite that several models, such as the Fast Grain Boundary (FGB) model, have been developed to simulate oxygen isotope exchange between coexisting minerals during cooling, extraction of cooling rate remains far from straightforward. On the other hand, there is a well‐defined quantitative relationship between the Dodson closure temperature (Tc) and the cooling rate, but Tc cannot be directly measured. Based on simulation results of existing models for a variety of rock systems, including open systems (with an infinite fluid reservoir), closed systems (with negligible fluid participation) and semi‐open systems (with moderate fluid participation), this study demonstrates that Tae of the mineral pair with the largest equilibrium isotope fractionation (PLEIF) is always bounded by their Tc values, regardless of how mineral proportions vary or how significant a role fluid has played in isotopic exchange. If the two Tc values happen to be similar, Tae will serve as a good approximation of both Tc, provided that the equilibrium fractionation factor has been precisely determined as a function of temperature. One such pair is quartz‐magnetite. By contrast, a mineral pair with similar Tc but relatively small fractionation is susceptible to the disturbance from other minerals, hence does not always have Tae confined within their Tc range. The relationship of Tae‐Tc correspondence for PLEIF with similar Tc can be used to constrain either cooling rate (i.e., as a speedometry method) or oxygen isotope diffusivity if one of them has been independently determined. In the latter case, the inferred oxygen diffusivity may be an index of water fugacity (i.e., as a hygrometry method) when compared with experimental diffusivity values measured under different fluid conditions.
Preferential amplification of rising versus falling frequency whistler mode signals
Authors: Li J. D. , Harid V. , Spasojevic M. , Gołkowski M. , Inan U. S.
Published: December 2014

Analysis of ground‐based ELF/VLF observations of injected whistler mode waves from the 1986 Siple Station experiment demonstrates the preferential magnetospheric amplification of rising over descending frequency‐time ramps. From examining conjugate region receptions of ±1 kHz/s frequency‐time ramps, we find that rising ramps generate an average total power 1.9 times higher than that of falling frequency ramps when both are observed during a transmission. And in 17% of receptions, only rising ramps are observed above the noise floor. Furthermore, the amplification ratio inversely correlates with the noise and total signal power. Using a narrowband Vlasov‐Maxwell numerical simulation, we explore the preferential amplification due to differences in linear growth rate as a function of frequency, relative to the frequency which maximizes the linear growth rate for a given anisotropy, and in nonlinear phase trapping. These results contribute to the understanding of magnetospheric wave amplification and the preference for structured rising elements in chorus.
Uncovering local magnetospheric processes governing the morphology and variability of Ganymede's aurora using three‐dimensional multifluid simulations of Ganymede's magnetosphere
Authors: Payan A. P. , Paty C. S. , Retherford K. D.
Published: December 2014

We investigate local magnetospheric processes governing the morphology and variability of Ganymede's aurora depending on its position with respect to the center of the Jovian plasma sheet. We couple an existing three‐dimensional multifluid simulation to a new aurora brightness model developed for this study. With this, we are able to qualitatively and quantitatively show that the short‐ and long‐period variabilities observed in Ganymede's auroral footprint at Jupiter are also predicted to be present in the brightness and morphology of the aurora at Ganymede. We also examine the relationship between acceleration structures and precipitation of electrons in Ganymede's neutral atmosphere by looking at the component of the electric field parallel to Ganymede's magnetic field. Our results confirm that regions of electron accelerations coincide with regions of brightest auroral emissions, as expected. Finally, we identify the likely source regions of electrons generating the aurora at Ganymede and discuss the plasma dynamic mechanisms likely responsible for these accelerations.
Upstream proton cyclotron waves at Venus near solar maximum
Authors: Delva M. , Bertucci C. , Volwerk M. , Lundin R. , Mazelle C. , Romanelli N.
Published: December 2014

Long‐term magnetometer data of Venus Express are analyzed for the occurrence of waves at the proton cyclotron frequency in the spacecraft frame in the upstream region of Venus, for conditions of rising solar activity. The data of two Venus years up to the time of highest sunspot number so far (1 Mar 2011 to 31 May 2012) are studied to reveal the properties of the waves and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions under which they are observed. In general, waves generated by newborn protons from exospheric hydrogen are observed under quasi‐ (anti)parallel conditions of the IMF and the solar wind velocity, as is expected from theoretical models. The present study near solar maximum finds significantly more waves than a previous study for solar minimum, with an asymmetry in the wave occurrence, i.e., mainly under antiparallel conditions. The plasma data from the Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms instrument aboard Venus Express enable analysis of the background solar wind conditions. The prevalence of waves for IMF in direction toward the Sun is related to the stronger southward tilt of the heliospheric current sheet for the rising phase of Solar Cycle 24, i.e., the “bashful ballerina” is responsible for asymmetric background solar wind conditions. The increase of the number of wave occurrences may be explained by a significant increase in the relative density of planetary protons with respect to the solar wind background. An exceptionally low solar wind proton density is observed during the rising phase of Solar Cycle 24. At the same time, higher EUV increases the ionization in the Venus exosphere, resulting in higher supply of energy from a higher number of newborn protons to the wave. We conclude that in addition to quasi‐ (anti)parallel conditions of the IMF and the solar wind velocity direction, the higher relative density of Venus exospheric protons with respect to the background solar wind proton density is the key parameter for the higher number of observable proton cyclotron waves near solar maximum.
Resonant seismic and microseismic ground motion of the Cascadia subduction zone accretionary prism and implications for seismic velocity
Authors: Davis Earl E. , Heesemann Martin
Published: December 2014

Seafloor pressure and seismic observations have been made along a transect of sites off southwestern Canada using connections to the NEPTUNE Canada cabled network beginning in the fall of 2009. A comparison of the vertical ground motion response to oceanographic and seismic loading at a site on the outer Cascadia subduction zone accretionary prism to that at a site on the adjacent Juan de Fuca Plate shows generally stronger ground motion at the prism site across the full bandwidths of infragravity waves and microseisms and a strong sharp peak in the relative response at a period of 9 s. This peak is seen in the response to loading by local storm waves and dispersive swell sequences, as well as in the average response to storm‐ and swell‐generated pressure fluctuations averaged over long periods of time. Tuned response to teleseismic surface waves is also seen at the same frequency. We infer that this behavior results from quarter‐wavelength harmonic resonance of the prism, with the two‐way travel time of compressional waves between the seafloor and underlying igneous crust being one half the resonance period. The consistency of the anomalous spectral peak from year to year at this particular site suggests that the behavior might be used to track small (≈1%) changes in the vertical seismic velocity of the prism if variations related to strain or pore fluid pressure changes through a subduction thrust earthquake cycle were to occur.
Do Brand Advertising Spillovers Matter?
Authors: Li Xun , Lopez Rigoberto A.
Published: December 2014

This article examines the spillover effects of television brand advertising on consumer demand, using carbonated soft drinks as a case study. Spillover effects are modeled using the conventional linear and constant elasticity of substitution (CES) advertising production functions. The latter allows for imperfect substitution between brand advertising and spillovers from advertising all other brands belonging to the same company as well as relaxes the assumption of constant returns to scale. Empirical results confirm strong and positive brand advertising spillover effects across brands belonging to the same company as well as negative spillover effects from advertising by competitors. Empirical results also indicate that the CES advertising production function outperforms the linear function, providing strong support for decreasing returns to scale in advertising and imperfect substitution between brand advertising and advertising of other brands in the same company. Finally, the CES function results in significantly higher estimates of the price elasticities of demand as well as lower estimated markups. [EconLit citations L13, L66, M37].
Accrual Anomaly for Agribusiness Stocks
Authors: Arthur Bruno R. , Katchova Ani L.
Published: December 2014

This study investigates whether the accrual anomaly documented by Sloan () for the U.S. market stocks exists in the U.S. agribusiness stocks over 1971–2011. Our results for the U.S. agribusiness stocks concur with the results of Trejo‐Pech, Weldon, House, and Gunderson () for the food supply chain stocks that the anomaly is explained by the high accrual portfolios rather than the fixation hypothesis. The accrual anomaly remains for agribusiness stocks even after accounting for the momentum factor with the four‐factor asset pricing model, and is more driven by the non‐food supply chain stocks than the food supply chain stocks. Our results from Fama and MacBeth () regressions confirm that accruals are negatively related to future returns.
Engineering biomass into formaldehyde‐free phenolic resin for composite materials
Authors: Zhang Yongsheng , Yuan Zhongshun , Xu Chunbao (Charles)
Published: December 2014

The use of formaldehyde to prepare phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) resins is one of the primary challenges for the world‐wide PF industry with respect to both sustainability and human health. This study reports a novel one‐pot synthesis process for phenol‐5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (PHMF) resin as a formaldehyde‐free phenolic resin using phenol and glucose, and the curing of the phenolic resin with a green curing agent organosolv lignin (OL) or Kraft lignin (KL). Evidenced by 13C NMR, the curing mechanism involves alkylation reaction between the hydoxyalkyl groups of lignin and the ortho‐ and para‐carbon of PHMF phenolic hydroxyl group. The curing kinetics was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the kinetic parameters were obtained. The OL/KL cured PHMF resins were tested in terms of thermal stability, and mechanical properties for their applications in fiberglass reinforced composite materials. The results obtained demonstrated that OL/KL can be promising curing agents for the PHMF resins. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1275–1283, 2015
Chronic rhinosinusitis osteoblasts differ in cellular properties from normal bone
Authors: Stevens Patrick R. , Tessema Belachew , Brown Seth M. , Parham Kourosh , Gronowicz Gloria
Published: December 2014

Background

Osteitis, characterized by bony thickening and remodeling, is often considered a hallmark of recalcitrant rhinosinusitis. However, there is limited literature examining the bone in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) pathology. In this study we cultured osteoblasts from bone harvested during sinus surgery as well as from nondiseased controls to compare their cellular properties.

Methods

Sinus bone was collected during sinus and skull‐base surgery and placed in proliferation media. Outgrowth of cells occurred at 2 weeks and the cells were confirmed to be osteoblasts by alkaline phosphatase staining. Cellular adhesion was determined by replating and counting adhered cells at 4 hours. Proliferation of cells plated for 24 hours was assayed by measuring [3H]‐thymidine incorporation. Calcium content was measured by changing cells to differentiation media and measuring the calcium content on days 7, 14, and 21.

Results

Alkaline phosphatase assay showed more than 90% of osteoblasts staining in all samples. Osteoblasts from patients with CRS had significant decreases in adhesion (p < 0.01) compared to osteoblasts from skull‐base patients. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in calcium content in rhinosinusitis samples compared with the nondiseased sinus bone samples.

Conclusion

To date, this is the first known study that shows a direct comparison of osteoblast properties between patients with and without CRS. Our results indicate that there are fundamental phenotypic differences in adhesion and mineralization between osteoblasts in patients with CRS compared to controls.
SYMBIOTIC FACTORS IN Burkholderia ESSENTIAL FOR ESTABLISHING AN ASSOCIATION WITH THE BEAN BUG, Riptortus pedestris
Authors: Kim Jiyeun Kate , Lee Bok Luel
Published: December 2014

Symbiotic bacteria are common in insects and intimately affect the various aspects of insect host biology. In a number of insect symbiosis models, it has been possible to elucidate the effects of the symbiont on host biology, whereas there is a limited understanding of the impact of the association on the bacterial symbiont, mainly due to the difficulty of cultivating insect symbionts in vitro. Furthermore, the molecular features that determine the establishment and persistence of the symbionts in their host (i.e., symbiotic factors) have remained elusive. However, the recently established model, the bean bug Riptortus pedestris, provides a good opportunity to study bacterial symbiotic factors at a molecular level through their cultivable symbionts. Bean bugs acquire genus Burkholderia cells from the environment and harbor them as gut symbionts in the specialized posterior midgut. The genome of the Burkholderia symbiont was sequenced, and the genomic information was used to generate genetically manipulated Burkholderia symbiont strains. Using mutant symbionts, we identified several novel symbiotic factors necessary for establishing a successful association with the host gut. In this review, these symbiotic factors are classified into three categories based on the colonization dynamics of the mutant symbiont strains: initiation, accommodation, and persistence factors. In addition, the molecular characteristics of the symbiotic factors are described. These newly identified symbiotic factors and on‐going studies of the Riptortus–Burkholderia symbiosis are expected to contribute to the understanding of the molecular cross‐talk between insects and bacterial symbionts that are of ecological and evolutionary importance.
Covariate‐adjusted measures of discrimination for survival data
Authors: White Ian R. , Rapsomaniki Eleni ,   for the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration
Published: December 2014

Motivation

Discrimination statistics describe the ability of a survival model to assign higher risks to individuals who experience earlier events: examples are Harrell's C‐index and Royston and Sauerbrei's D, which we call the D‐index. Prognostic covariates whose distributions are controlled by the study design (e.g. age and sex) influence discrimination and can make it difficult to compare model discrimination between studies. Although covariate adjustment is a standard procedure for quantifying disease‐risk factor associations, there are no covariate adjustment methods for discrimination statistics in censored survival data.

Objective

To develop extensions of the C‐index and D‐index that describe the prognostic ability of a model adjusted for one or more covariate(s).

Method

We define a covariate‐adjusted C‐index and D‐index for censored survival data, propose several estimators, and investigate their performance in simulation studies and in data from a large individual participant data meta‐analysis, the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration.

Results

The proposed methods perform well in simulations. In the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration data, the age‐adjusted C‐index and D‐index were substantially smaller than unadjusted values. The study‐specific standard deviation of baseline age was strongly associated with the unadjusted C‐index and D‐index but not significantly associated with the age‐adjusted indices.

Conclusions

The proposed estimators improve meta‐analysis comparisons, are easy to implement and give a more meaningful clinical interpretation.
Chebulagic acid from Terminalia chebula enhances insulin mediated glucose uptake in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes via PPARγ signaling pathway
Authors: Shyni Gangadharan Leela , Kavitha Sasidharan , Indu Sasidharan , Arya Anil Das , Anusree Sasidharan Suseela , Vineetha Vadavanath Prabhakaran , Vandana Sankar , Sundaresan Andikannu , Raghu Kozhiparambil Gopalan
Published: December 2014

The thiazolidinedione (TZDs) class of drugs are very effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). But due to the adverse effects of synthetic TZDs, their use is strictly regulated. The therapeutic actions of TZDs are mediated via modulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Naturally occurring PPARγ modulators are more desirable as they lack the serious adverse effects caused by TZDs. This has prompted the exploitation of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine, for their potential PPARγ activity. In the present work, we studied chebulagic acid (CHA) isolated from fruits of Terminalia chebula with respect to its effect on adipogenesis, glucose transport, and endocrine function of adipocyte. The mRNA expression profile of PPARγ target gene CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein alpha (C/EBP‐α) was analyzed by qRT‐PCR. The putative binding mode and the potential ligand‐target interactions of CHA, with PPARγ was analyzed using docking software (Autodock and iGEMDOCKv2). The results showed that CHA enhances PPARγ signaling and adipogenesis dose dependently but in a moderate way, less than rosiglitazone. GLUT4 expression and adiponectin secretion was increased by CHA treatment. The mRNA expression of PPARγ target gene C/EBP‐α was increased in CHA‐treated adipocytes. The comparison of results of various parameters of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, endocrine function and molecular docking experiments of roziglitazone and chebulagic acid indicate that the latter behaves like partial PPARγ agonist which could be exploited for phytoceutical development against T2DM. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(6):646–657, 2014
Endoplasmic reticulum proteins quality control and the unfolded protein response: The regulative mechanism of organisms against stress injuries
Authors: Fu Xi Ling , Gao Dong Sheng
Published: December 2014

The endoplasmic reticulum is the cellular compartment in which secretory proteins are synthesized and folded. Perturbations of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis lead to the accumulation of unfolded proteins. The activation of the unfolded protein response during endoplasmic reticulum stress transmits information about the status of protein folding to the cytosol and nucleus. The unfolded protein response leads to the upregulation of genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum chaperones, attenuation of translation, and initiation of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. When the unfolded protein response is insufficient to rebuild the steady state in endoplasmic reticulum, the programmed cell death or apoptosis would be initiated, by triggering cell injuries, even to cell death through apoptosis signals. In this review, we briefly outline research on the chaperones and foldases conserved in eukaryotes and plants, and describe the general principles and mechanisms of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control and the unfolded protein response. We describe the current models for the molecular mechanism of the unfolded protein response in plants, and emphasize the role of inositol requiring enzyme‐1‐dependent network in the unfolded protein response. Finally, we give a general overview of the directions for future research on the unfolded protein response in plants and its role in the response to environmental stresses. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(6):569–585, 2014
Frailty in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Kundu Mondira , Wilson Carmen L. , Tchkonia Tamara , Kirkland James L.
Published: December 2014

Young adult childhood cancer survivors are at an increased risk of frailty, a physiologic phenotype typically found among older adults. This phenotype is associated with new‐onset chronic health conditions and mortality among both older adults and childhood cancer survivors. Mounting evidence suggests that poor fitness, muscular weakness, and cognitive decline are common among adults treated for childhood malignancies, and that risk factors for these outcomes are not limited to those treated with cranial radiation. Although the pathobiology of this phenotype is not known, early cellular senescence, sterile inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in response to initial cancer or treatment‐related insults are hypothesized to play a role. To the authors' knowledge, interventions to prevent or remediate frailty among childhood cancer survivors have not been tested to date. Pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and lifestyle interventions have demonstrated some promise. Cancer 2015;121:1540–1547. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Automated analysis of flow cytometric data for measuring neutrophil CD64 expression using a multi‐instrument compatible probability state model
Authors: Wong Linda , Hill Beth L. , Hunsberger Benjamin C. , Bagwell C. Bruce , Curtis Adam D. , Davis Bruce H.
Published: December 2014

Background

Leuko64TM (Trillium Diagnostics) is a flow cytometric assay that measures neutrophil CD64 expression and serves as an in vitro indicator of infection/sepsis or the presence of a systemic acute inflammatory response. Leuko64 assay currently utilizes QuantiCALC, a semiautomated software that employs cluster algorithms to define cell populations. The software reduces subjective gating decisions, resulting in interanalyst variability of <5%. We evaluated a completely automated approach to measuring neutrophil CD64 expression using GemStoneTM (Verity Software House) and probability state modeling (PSM).

Methods

Four hundred and fifty‐seven human blood samples were processed using the Leuko64 assay. Samples were analyzed on four different flow cytometer models: BD FACSCanto II, BD FACScan, BC Gallios/Navios, and BC FC500. A probability state model was designed to identify calibration beads and three leukocyte subpopulations based on differences in intensity levels of several parameters. PSM automatically calculates CD64 index values for each cell population using equations programmed into the model. GemStone software uses PSM that requires no operator intervention, thus totally automating data analysis and internal quality control flagging. Expert analysis with the predicate method (QuantiCALC) was performed. Interanalyst precision was evaluated for both methods of data analysis.

Results

PSM with GemStone correlates well with the expert manual analysis, r2 = 0.99675 for the neutrophil CD64 index values with no intermethod bias detected. The average interanalyst imprecision for the QuantiCALC method was 1.06% (range 0.00–7.94%), which was reduced to 0.00% with the GemStone PSM. The operator‐to‐operator agreement in GemStone was a perfect correlation, r2 = 1.000.

Conclusion

Automated quantification of CD64 index values produced results that strongly correlate with expert analysis using a standard gate‐based data analysis method. PSM successfully evaluated flow cytometric data generated by multiple instruments across multiple lots of the Leuko64 kit in all 457 cases. The probability‐based method provides greater objectivity, higher data analysis speed, and allows for greater precision for in vitro diagnostic flow cytometric assays. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society