bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation failure in patients with hematological neoplasia and their association with outcomes
Authors: Barreto Lídia Miranda , Ravetti Cecilia Gómez , Athaíde Thiago Bragança , Bragança Renan Detoffol , Pinho Nathália Costa , Chagas Lucas Vieira , de Lima Bastos Fabrício , Nobre Vandack ,   on behalf of the Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Medicina Intensiva (NIIMI)
Published: September 2020

Background

The usefulness of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in oncohematological patients is still a matter of debate.

Aim

To analyze the rate of noninvasive ventilation failure and the main characteristics associated with this endpoint in oncohematological patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF).

Methods

A ventilatory support protocol was developed and implemented before the onset of the study. According to the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio and clinical judgment, patients received supplementary oxygen therapy, NIMV, or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Results

Eighty-two patients were included, average age between 52.1 ± 16 years old; 44 (53.6%) were male. The tested protocol was followed in 95.1% of cases. Six patients (7.3%) received IMV, 59 (89.7%) received NIMV, and 17 (20.7%) received oxygen therapy. ICU mortality rates were significantly higher in the IMV (83.3%) than in the NIMV (49.2%) and oxygen therapy (5.9%) groups (P < 0.001). Among the 59 patients who initially received NIMV, 30 (50.8%) had to eventually be intubated. Higher SOFA score at baseline (1.35 [95% CI = 1.12–2.10], P = 0.007), higher respiratory rate (RR) (1.10 [95% CI = 1.00–1.22], P = 0.048), and sepsis on admission (16.9 [95% CI = 1.93–149.26], P = 0.011) were independently associated with the need of orotracheal intubation among patients initially treated with NIMV. Moreover, NIMV failure was independently associated with ICU (P < 0.001) and hospital mortality (P = 0.049), and mortality between 6 months and 1 year (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The implementation of a NIMV protocol is feasible in patients with hematological neoplasia admitted to the ICU, even though its benefits still remain to be demonstrated. NIMV failure was associated with higher SOFA and RR and more frequent sepsis, and it was also related to poor prognosis.
Bio-EPDM/tungsten oxide nanocomposite foam with improved thermal storage and sea water resistance
Authors: Sang Jeong Seon , Kim Taehyung , Park Eun-Young , Park Juhyun , Eum Yumin , Oh Kyung Wha
Published: September 2020

Bio ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) produced with sugarcane-derived ethylene is an eco-friendly alternative material that can perform similarly to an oil-based synthetic rubber while reducing dependence on fossil resources. In this study, bio-EPDM/tungsten oxide nanocomposite was prepared to improve thermal insulation properties of bio-EPDM foam for application in highly functional eco-friendly diving wetsuits. The synthesized tungsten bronze nanorods (TBNRs) were doped with sodium and added to the bio-EPDM compound, then foam was generated by molding at 155 °C under a high-pressure. After foam molding, the effects of TBNRs on the sea water resistance as well as the thermal and mechanical properties of bio-EPDM foam were investigated. As a result, TBNRs remarkably improved the softness and photothermal properties of bio-EPDM foam without a significant reduction of their mechanical properties. Especially, the excellent dimensional stability of the bio-EPDM foam with TBNRs under the sea water circumstance highlights its superiority as a material for marine sports. Overall results indicate that the bio-EPDM foam material containing TBNRs at the optimum ratio can be fully utilized for the development of eco-friendly and high-performance wetsuit materials with excellent elasticity, flexibility, and thermal insulation properties.
Disaggregating the headquarters: implications for overseas R&D subsidiaries’ reporting and the subsidiaries’ knowledge-sharing patterns
Authors: Asakawa Kazuhiro
Published: September 2020

This study explores the relations between the different parts of headquarters (HQ) to which subsidiaries report and the knowledge-sharing patterns of subsidiaries in multinational corporations (MNCs). Despite the growing interest in the disaggregation of HQ, little is known about how subsidiaries’ reporting relationships with different parts of HQ are associated with the knowledge-sharing patterns of subsidiaries. Based on this motivation, we disaggregated HQ into different parts, i.e., corporate R&D HQ, top management, divisional HQ, and regional HQ, and explored how knowledge-sharing patterns of overseas R&D subsidiaries vary according to the different parts of the HQ to which they report. We found that subsidiaries reporting to corporate R&D HQ show the highest level of external knowledge sharing (EKS), while those reporting to divisional HQ show the lowest level; in addition, subsidiaries reporting to top management show the highest level of internal knowledge sharing (IKS), while those reporting to regional HQ show the lowest level. The study implies that the knowledge-sharing patterns of overseas R&D subsidiaries in MNCs cannot be fully understood without examining the subsidiaries’ reporting relationships with differing parts of the HQ.
Haemoptysis treated by bronchial artery embolisation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: case report
Authors: Murgo Salvatore , Lheureux Olivier , Taccone Fabio , Vouche Michael , Golzarian Jafar
Published: September 2020

Background

We found no data in the literature on the embolization of the bronchial arteries in the context of hemoptysis associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We therefore decided to share this experience.

Case presentation

A 62-year-old patient with no significant medical history was admitted with acute respiratory distress. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities with limited consolidations. Diagnostic tests confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The severity of respiratory failure required the implantation of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The patient developed severe haemoptysis, which was successfully treated by bronchial artery embolisation.

Conclusions

In the case of coronavirus-19 pneumonia, our experience suggests that the treatment of severe haemoptysis by bronchial artery embolisation is feasible and effective. The survival benefit should be assessed in the future.
Are the Different Diabetes Subgroups Correlated With All-Cause, Cancer-Related, and Cardiovascular-Related Mortality?
Authors: Li Peng-Fei , Chen Wei-Liang
Published: September 2020

Context

Numerous studies have shown that cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the most important cause of mortality among people with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, no studies have evaluated the risk of CVD-related mortality among different DM subgroups.

Objective

We aimed to examine all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality for different DM subgroups.

Design, Setting, Patients, and Interventions

We included participants (age ≥ 20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) data set. We evaluated the risks of all-cause and cause-specific (CVD and cancer) mortality among 5 previously defined diabetes subgroups: severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), and mild age-related diabetes (MARD).

Primary Outcome Measure

The hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific (CVD and cancer) mortality were measured for each of the 5 DM subgroups. We also evaluated the odds ratios (ORs) for retinopathy and nephropathy in each subgroup.

Results

A total of 712 adults were enrolled and the median follow-up time was 12.71 years (range, 0.25-18.08 years). The number of deaths in the 5 subgroups (SAID, SIDD, SIRD, MOD, and MARD) were 50, 75, 64, 7, and 18, respectively, and the number of CVD-related deaths in the 5 subgroups was 29, 30, 26, 2, and 11, respectively. Compared to the MOD subgroup, the adjusted HRs and 95% CIs of CVD-related mortality for the SAID, SIDD, SIRD, and MARD subgroups were 3.23 (95% CI, 0.77-13.61), 2.87 (95% CI, 0.68-12.06), 2.23 (95% CI, 0.53-9.50), and 4.75 (95% CI, 1.05-21.59), respectively (the HR for the MARD subgroup had a P value of .04). In addition, compared to the MARD subgroup, the adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for retinopathy in the SAID and SIDD groups were 2.38 (95% CI, 1.13-5.01, P = .02) and 3.34 (95% CI, 1.17-6.88, P = .001), respectively. The ORs for nephropathy were nonsignificant.

Conclusions

Our study of patients from the NHANES III data set indicated that among the different DM subgroups, the MARD subgroup tended to have a higher CVD-related mortality than the MOD subgroup. The all-cause and cancer-related mortality rates were similar across the different diabetes subgroups. In addition, compared to the MARD subgroup, the SAID and SIDD subgroups had a higher retinopathy risk, but there was no difference in nephropathy among the subgroups.
Optimizing DXA to Assess Skeletal Health: Key Concepts for Clinicians
Authors: Kennel Kurt A , Sfeir Jad G , Drake Matthew T
Published: September 2020

Context

The diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk prior to a sentinel fracture was transformed by the widespread clinical use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD).

Evidence Acquisition

This review is based on a collection of primary and review literature gathered from a PubMed search of “dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,” “trabecular bone score,” and “atypical femur fracture” among other keywords. PubMed searches were supplemented by the authors’ prior knowledge of the subject.

Evidence Synthesis

While uncertainty exists for some aspects of osteoporosis care, patient and clinician familiarity with BMD assessment for screening and monitoring is firmly established. Beyond BMD, lateral spine images obtained with DXA can diagnose osteoporosis and refine fracture risk through the detection of unrecognized vertebral fractures. In addition, analysis of DXA lumbar spine images can reflect changes in trabecular bone microarchitecture, a component of bone “quality” that predicts risk of fracture independent of BMD. Finally, monitoring of bone health by DXA may be extended to include assessment of the femoral cortices for rare but serious adverse effects associated with antiresorptive therapies.

Conclusions

Increasing technologic sophistication requires additional consideration for how DXA imaging is performed, interpreted and applied to patient care. As with any test, clinicians must be familiar with DXA performance, pitfalls in analysis, and interpretation within each clinical context in which DXA is applied. With this perspective, care providers will be well positioned to contribute to continuous improvement of DXA performance and, in turn, quality of osteoporosis care.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of 3 Doses of Oral-Mucosal Dexmedetomidine Gel for Sedative Premedication in Women Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Mohamed Sahar Abdel-Baky , Abdel-Ghaffar Hala Saad , Hassan Nivin Abdel-Azim , El Sherif Fatma Adel , Shouman Samia Abdelsamie , Omran Mervat Mostafa , Hassan Sahar Badr , Allam Ayat Ahmed Abd EL-Monsef , Sayed Doaa Gomaa
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:

Buccal dexmedetomidine (DEX) produces adequate preoperative sedation and anxiolysis when used as a premedication. Formulating the drug as a gel decreases oral losses and improves the absorption of buccal DEX. We compared pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of 3 doses of buccal DEX gel formulated in our pharmaceutical laboratory for sedative premedication in women undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.

METHODS:

Thirty-six patients enrolled in 3 groups (n = 12) to receive buccal DEX gel 30 minutes before surgery at 0.5 µg/kg (DEX 0.5 group), 0.75 µg/kg (DEX 0.75 group), or 1 µg/kg (DEX 1 group). Assessments included plasma concentrations of DEX, and pharmacokinetic variables calculated with noncompartmental methods, sedative, hemodynamic and analgesic effects, and adverse effects.

RESULTS:

The median time to reach peak serum concentration of DEX (T
max) was significantly shorter in patients who received 1 µg/kg (60 minutes) compared with those who received 0.5 µg/kg (120 minutes; P = .003) and 0.75 µg/kg (120 minutes; P = .004). The median (first quartile–third quartile) peak concentration of DEX (maximum plasma concentration [C
max]) in plasma was 0.35 ng/mL (0.31–0.49), 0.37 ng/mL (0.34–0.40), and 0.54 ng/mL (0.45–0.61) in DEX 0.5, DEX 0.75, and DEX 1 groups (P = .082). The 3 doses did not produce preoperative sedation. The 1 µg/kg buccal DEX gel produced early postoperative sedation and lower intraoperative and postoperative heart rate values. Postoperative analgesia was evident in the 3 doses in a dose-dependent manner with no adverse effects.

CONCLUSIONS:

Provided that it is administered 60–120 minutes before surgery, sublingual administration of DEX formulated as an oral-mucosal gel may provide a safe and practical means of sedative premedication in adults.
Head Rotation Reduces Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure of the i-gel and LMA® Supreme™ in Paralyzed, Anesthetized Patients: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Chaki Tomohiro , Tachibana Shunsuke , Kumita Sho , Sato Honami , Hamada Kosuke , Tokinaga Yasuyuki , Yamakage Michiaki
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:

Second-generation supraglottic airway (SGA) devices are useful for airway management during positive pressure ventilation in general anesthesia and emergency medicine. In some clinical settings, such as the anesthetic management of awake craniotomy, SGAs are used in the head-rotated position, which is required for exposure of the surgical field, although this position sometimes worsens the efficiency of mechanical ventilation with SGAs. In this study, we investigated and compared the influence of head rotation on oropharyngeal leak pressures (OPLP) of the i-gel and LMA® Supreme™, which are second-generation SGA devices.

METHODS:

Patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into i-gel or LMA Supreme groups. After induction of anesthesia with muscle relaxation, the i-gel or LMA Supreme was inserted according to computerized randomization. The primary outcome was the OPLP at 0°, 30°, and 60° head rotation. The secondary outcomes were the maximum airway pressure and expiratory tidal volume when patients were mechanically ventilated using a volume-controlled ventilation mode with a tidal volume of 10 mL/kg (ideal body weight), ventilation score, and fiber-optic views of vocal cords.

RESULTS:

Thirty-four and 36 participants were included in the i-gel and LMA Supreme groups, respectively. The OPLPs of the i-gel and LMA Supreme significantly decreased as the head rotation angle increased (mean difference [95% confidence interval], P value: i-gel; 0° vs 30°: 3.5 [2.2–4.8], P < .001; 30° vs 60°: 2.0 [0.6–3.5], P = .002; 0° vs 60°: 5.5 [3.3–7.8], P < .001, LMA Supreme; 0° vs 30°: 4.1 [2.6–5.5], P < .001; 30° vs 60°: 2.4 [1.1–3.7], P < .001; 0° vs 60°: 6.5 [5.1–8.0], P < .001). There were statistically significant differences in expiratory tidal volume and ventilation score between 0° and 60° in the i-gel group and in ventilation score between 30° and 60° in the LMA Supreme group. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 devices in all outcome measures. The incidences of adverse events, such as hoarseness or sore throat, were not significantly different between i-gel and LMA Supreme.

CONCLUSIONS:

Head rotation to 30° and 60° reduces OPLP with both i-gel and LMA Supreme. There is no difference in OPLP between i-gel and LMA Supreme in the 3 head rotation positions.
Neural and molecular mechanisms underlying female mate choice decisions in vertebrates
Authors: DeAngelis Ross S. , Hofmann Hans A.
Published: September 2020

Female mate choice is a dynamic process that allows individuals to selectively mate with those of the opposite sex that display a preferred set of traits. Because in many species males compete with each other for fertilization opportunities, female mate choice can be a powerful agent of sexual selection, often resulting in highly conspicuous traits in males. Although the evolutionary causes and consequences of the ornamentation and behaviors displayed by males to attract mates have been well studied, embarrassingly little is known about the proximate neural mechanisms through which female choice occurs. In vertebrates, female mate choice is inherently a social behavior, and although much remains to be discovered about this process, recent evidence suggests the neural substrates and circuits underlying other fundamental social behaviors (such as pair bonding, aggression and parental care) are likely similarly recruited during mate choice. Notably, female mate choice is not static, as social and ecological environments can shape the brain and, consequently, behavior in specific ways. In this Review, we discuss how social and/or ecological influences mediate female choice and how this occurs within the brain. We then discuss our current understanding of the neural substrates underlying female mate choice, with a specific focus on those that also play a role in regulating other social behaviors. Finally, we propose several promising avenues for future research by highlighting novel model systems and new methodological approaches, which together will transform our understanding of the causes and consequences of female mate choice.
Η πολιτική συνοχής της Ε.Ε. μετά το 2020: Περισσότεροι στόχοι, λιγότεροι πόροι
Authors: Ανδρέου Γιώργος
Published: September 2020

Drawing on historical institutionalism, the paper seeks to compare the imprint of existing EU cohesion policy with the imprint formed on the basis of the policy reform proposals for the 2021-2027 programming period. It is deduced that the proposed changes are incremental in nature, seek to perpetuate the subjection of the goal of cohesion to the “new economic governance” and burden cohesion policy with additional general objectives. In addition, the distributivedimension of the proposals is problematic, as drastic reductions of funds are envisaged for 10 out of the 12 Central and Eastern European member states. The final conclusion is that: a) the proposed distribution of funds is politicallyunfeasible and b) the proposed reforms, while designed to limit complexity at the level of policy means, do not suffi ciently address “goal congestion” and do not event attempt to resolve the compatibility problem between the goal of cohesion – i.e. the reduction of territorial disparities – and the EU’s strategic ambitions.
RVDB-prot, a reference viral protein database and its HMM profiles
Authors: Bigot Thomas , Temmam Sarah , Pérot Philippe , Eloit Marc
Published: September 2020

We present RVDB-prot, a database corresponding to the protein equivalent of the nucleic acid reference virus database RVDB. Protein databases can be helpful to perform more sensitive protein sequence comparisons. Similarly to its homologous public repository, RVDB-prot aims to provide reliable and accurately annotated unique entries, while including also an Hidden Markov Model (HMM) protein profiles database for distant protein searching.
Frequencies of gastrointestinal parasites among students of primary school in Al Kalakla Locality, Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdalazim Hassan Hala , Abd Alla Ahmed Bakheet , Elfaki Tayseer Elamin Mohamed , Saad Mohammed Baha Eldin Ahmed
Published: September 2020

Background:Intestinal parasite spread in tropical countries is especially common among primary school students. This study aimed to determine the frequencies of the intestinal parasite by different techniques among school students in Alkalakla locality, Khartoum state.

Methods:This study was conducted in school students in Al-kalakla locality in Khartoum state from period between 20th December 2016 to 5th May 2017. Stool samples were collected from 134 randomly selected students, of whom 67 were males and 67 were females.  All samples were examined using the wet preparation technique, formal ether concentration technique and saturated sugar floatation technique.

Results:The frequency of intestinal parasites was 35.5% overall in the students examined; females were more affected than males (38.8% and 32.8%, respectively). The more affected age groups were 12-14 years followed by 9-11 and 6-8 years old (53.8%, 36.3% and 26.4% respectively). The least frequent intestinal parasite wasTaeniaspp. (1.5%) followed byGiardia lamblia(3.7%),Schistosoma mansoniandAscaris lumbricoides(5.2% each),Entamoeba coli(7.5%),Hymenolepis nana(10.4%), andEntamoeba histolytica(16.4%). In total, 20.9% were infected with single parasite while 14.9% were infected with more than one parasite. The frequency of parasite by formal ether concentration method was 35.8 %, by wet preparation method was 17.9 % and by the saturated sugar flotation method was 16.4%.

Conclusion:Our data showed that intestinal parasites were common in school students; however, females were more affected than males and the 12-14-years age group was the most affected age group.  The formal ether concentration method was the best method for detecting of intestinal parasite.
Relationship and career challenges faced by people infected with HIV in Malaysia
Authors: Tuan Abdullah Tuan Norbalkish , Mat Min Ruhani , Hossain Mosharaf , Abdullah Siti Salina
Published: September 2020

Background: In Malaysia, there are still lack of studies  related to the challenges of people infected with HIV (PIWH). Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the experiences of PIWH and how they cope with HIV.

Methods: This qualitative study was based on a social constructivist and grounded theory approach. A total of 12 PIWH were selected by purposive sampling, all of whom participated in semi-structured and audio-recorded interviews, which were supported with non-participant observations and diary entries on three occasions for each participant. The interviews and diaries were transcribed and analysed using the grounded theory approach, which was assisted by utilizing NVIVO-8 to identify the themes related to the experiences of the participants.

Results: PIWH experienced challenges related to their career and relationships with family and others. These challenges led to difficulties in gaining employment and career development, as well as feelings of denial, being uncomfortable, rejection, and labelling. They found that their lives were totally and dramatically changed after being tested positive for HIV.

Conclusions: Among PIWH, HIV impacted relationships with significant others and career development. The absence of support and acceptance from significant others affected the ability of PIWH to cope with their daily challenges. The results of this study have implications for policymakers in terms of gaining sufficient knowledge and awareness to provide prevention programmes for HIV/AIDS.
Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among children under five years of age in Rombo district, Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania
Authors: Mboya Innocent B. , Mamseri Redempta , Leyaro Beatrice J. , George Johnston , Msuya Sia E. , Mgongo Melina
Published: September 2020

Background:  Anemia is a severe public health problem affecting more than half of children under five years of age in low-, middle- and high-income countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among children under five years of age in northern Tanzania.

Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Rombo district, Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania in April 2016. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a total of 602 consenting mothers and their children aged 6-59 months and interviewed using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Stata version 15.1. We used generalized linear models (binomial family and logit link function) with robust variance estimator to determine factors associated with anemia.

Results: Prevalence of anemia was 37.9%, and it was significantly higher among children aged 6-23 months (48.3%) compared to those aged 24-59 months (28.5%). There were no significant differences in anemia prevalence by sex of the child. Adjusted for other factors, children aged 6-23 months had over two times higher odds of being anemic (OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.71, 3.49, p<0.001) compared to those aged 24-59 months. No significant association was found between maternal and nutritional characteristics with anemia among children in this study.

Conclusion: Prevalence of anemia was lower than the national and regional prevalence but it still constitutes a significant public health problem, especially among children aged 6-23 months. Interventions such as iron supplementation, food fortification and dietary diversification and management of childhood illnesses in this setting should be targeted towards mothers and children less than two years.
Investigating the effect of e-cigarette use on quitting smoking in adults aged 25 years or more using the PATH study
Authors: Lee Peter N. , Fry John S.
Published: September 2020

Background: Part of the evidence on harms and benefits of e-cigarettes concerns whether using e-cigarettes encourages smokers to quit.  With limited results from controlled trials, and weaknesses in much epidemiological data, we addressed this using nationally representative prospective study data, with detailed accounting for factors associated with quitting.

Methods: Analyses used data for adults aged 25+ years from Waves 1 to 3 of the US PATH study. Separate analyses concerned follow-up from Waves 1 to 2, 2 to 3 and 1 to 3.  The main analyses related baseline ever e-cigarette use (or e-product use at Wave 2) to having quit at follow-up, adjusting for predictors of quitting derived from 55 candidates.  Sensitivity analyses omitted adults who had never used other products, linked quitting to current rather than ever e-cigarette use, used modified values of some predictors using later recorded data, or (in Wave 1 to 3 analysis only) also adjusted for quitting by Wave 2.

Results: In the main analyses, unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) of quitting for ever e-cigarette use were 1.29 (95% CI 1.01-1.66), 1.52 (1.26-1.83) and 1.47 (1.19-1.82) for the Wave 1 to 2, 2 to 3, and 1 to 3 analyses.  These estimates reduced after adjustment, to 1.23 (0.94-1.61), 1.51 (1.24-1.85) and 1.39 (1.11-1.74).  The final models, including between six and nine predictors, always included household income, everyday/someday smoking, wanting to smoke after waking and having tried quitting, with other variables included in specific analyses.  Quitting rates remained elevated in e-cigarette users in all sensitivity analyses. ORs were increased where other product users were omitted.  Adjusted ORs of quitting for current e-cigarette use were 1.41 (1.06-1.89), 1.30 (1.01-1.67) and 1.56 (1.21-2.00).

Conclusions: The results suggest e-cigarettes may assist adult smokers to quit, particularly in individuals not using other nicotine products, and who are current e-cigarette users.
Recent advances in understanding primary ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Wesevich Victoria , Kellen Amanada N. , Pal Lubna
Published: September 2020

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an uncommon yet devastating occurrence that results from a premature depletion of the ovarian pool of primordial follicles. Our understanding of both putative and plausible mechanisms underlying POI, previously considered to be largely “idiopathic”, has been furthered over the past several years, largely due to advances in the field of genetics and through expansion of translational models for experimental research. In this review, our goal is to familiarize the multidisciplinary readers of the F1000 platform with the strides made in the field of reproductive medicine that hold both preventative and therapeutic implications for those women who are at risk for or who have POI.
Clinical variants of esophageal injuries, diagnostics and treatment methods
Authors: Belokonev Vladimir , Pushkin Sergey , Kovaleva Zinaida , Aksenova Elena , Abashkin Nikolay , Scherbakov Dmitriy
Published: September 2020

The textbook is devoted to the diagnosis of esophageal injuries and treatment of patients. The article describes the surgical anatomy of the organ, causes of esophageal injuries, classification, diagnostic methods, tactics, describes possible treatment options for patients depending on the clinical picture, technique and volume of operations depending on the developing complications. The paper presents original methods of treatment of the esophagus, methods of management of patients in the postoperative period, treatment of possible complications and their prevention.

Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.

For doctors-surgeons, clinical residents, postgraduates, undergraduates and teachers of medical universities.
Organization of air space operation
Authors: Bestugin Aleksandr , Filin Aleksandr , Kirshina Irina , Rachkov Valeriy
Published: September 2020

The monograph discusses current problems and features of the use and operation of airspace, its air navigation support for effective air traffic management and improving the safety of state and commercial aviation. The materials are presented from the perspective of the main provisions and requirements of the international civil aviation organization ICAO and the Air code of the Russian Federation.

Prepared for publication on the basis of research conducted by scientific and pedagogical specialists of the Institute of radio engineering, electronics and communications of the Saint Petersburg state University of aerospace instrumentation.

It is intended for radio engineering specialists, and can also be used by teachers, students and cadets of educational organizations of higher and secondary professional education in the field of civil aviation.
Criminal law and economic activity (ratio of private and public interests)
Authors: Artemov V. , Golovanova N. , Gravina A. , Zaycev O. , Kashepov V. , Koshaeva T. , Kubancev S. , Kucherov I. , Makarova O. , Pechegin D. , Rudnev V. , Stepanov O. , Treschetenkova Natal'ya , Yamasheva E.
Published: September 2020

The scientific and practical guide is devoted to the formation of a comprehensive and systematic approach to improving the activities of the court and preliminary investigation bodies in cases of crimes committed in the field of business and other economic activities (including taking into account the experience of law enforcement practice in criminal prosecution of entrepreneurs in a number of foreign countries). The problem of establishing a balance between the duties of judicial and investigative bodies within their competence to take measures to ensure economic security and to respect the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs involved in criminal proceedings is considered.

The author defines the main directions and forms of modern criminal policy in this area; gives a General description of the criminal legal situation in terms of ensuring economic security; identifies additional guarantees of the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs provided in the implementation of law enforcement activities. Particular importance is attached to the study of substantive and criminal procedural mechanisms used in criminal proceedings on economic crimes.

For researchers, practicing lawyers, representatives of the business community, teachers, postgraduates, students of law schools and faculties, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in this issue.
Assessment of the Competencies and Professional Skills of an Auditor in the Digital Environment: the Most Signifi cant Aspects of the Use of Information Technology in Audit
Authors: Kazakova Nataliya , Brovkina N.
Published: September 2020

Th e article discusses the methodological approaches to assessing the competencies and professional skills of an auditor in the digital environment, which are applied at the second stage of the new qualifi cation exam for auditors, which came into eff ect on March 31, 2020. In this regard, the most signifi cant aspects of the use of information technologies in audit are considered, in particular, the confidentiality of work in the Internet environment.
GENTLE CABBAGE HARVESTING
Authors: Alatyrev Sergey , Kruchinkina Irina , Alatyrev Aleksey
Published: September 2020

When harvesting cabbage by machine, the heads of cabbage are severely injured. Mechanically damaged heads of cabbage are poorly stored. Therefore, the machine technology of cabbage harvesting should provide protection of heads of cabbage from mechanical damage. The purpose of the research is to study the qualitative indicators of the operation of a multivariate cabbage harvester with various harvesting technological schemes. The considered technological schemes for harvesting cabbage include: careful shipment of heads in bulk of a universal vehicle (Scheme 1); careful point shipment of heads of cabbage into containers installed in the back of a vehicle (diagram 2); shipment of heads of cabbage on a flexible flooring installed in the vehicle, with their subsequent careful transfer to containers manually (Scheme 3); stowing heads of cabbage into containers on an accompanying trailer manually (Scheme 4). During the production check, under conditions typical for the main regions of mass marketable production of cabbage, the multivariate cabbage harvester steadily performed the technological process. At the same time, its quality indicators met the established agrotechnical requirements. Combine operation according to schemes 3 and 4 ensured the preservation of product quality to the maximum extent: damage to heads of cabbage did not exceed 5 ... 6%, the completeness of cabbage leaves removal was 95 ... 100%. Therefore, its use according to schemes 1 and 2 is recommended mainly when harvesting cabbage for short-term and medium-term storage, according to schemes 3 and 4 - when harvesting heads of cabbage intended for long-term storage
Acute-on-chronic liver failure: to admit to intensive care or not?
Authors: Arshad Asif , Irshad Lylah , Nabavi Theodore , Whitehouse Tony
Published: September 2020

Acute-on-chronic liver failure is used to describe an acute decline in liver function in a patient with existing liver disease combined with other organ failure. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is associated with high short-term mortality, and the greater the number and severity of organ failures, the higher the mortality. The most commonly identified precipitants of acute-on-chronic liver failure include bacterial infection, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, viral hepatitis and recent excessive alcohol intake. Since some of these aetiologies are treatable, organ failure may return to pre-decompensation levels in up to 55% of patients. As a result, a trial of critical care treatment may be appropriate for many of these patients. Clinical scoring tools may help clinicians recognise futility, allowing timely withdrawal of organ support and shifting the focus of care toward palliation.
How to get rid of visceral fat: a randomised double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Sofra Xanya
Published: September 2020

Inflammation and oxidative damage are immanent in visceral adiposity that is characterised by excess lipids and lipoproteins, viewed as the core components of arterial plaques, ultimately obstructing blood flow and lymphatic drainage. Accumulated toxicity dysregulates the orexigenic hormone ghrelin and anorexic hormone leptin, which are part of a reciprocal network controlling appetite. Weight gain promotes hormonal imbalance, expressed in disturbances in free T3 and an inverse low testosterone/high cortisol incongruity that provokes stress-eating behaviours. The author explored a number of interventions designed to reduce visceral adipose tissue (VAT), including radiofrequency, lasers and exercise, as well as exercise alone. Short-term gymnastics evidenced a modest advantage in VAT decrease, but there were no changes in body mass index (BMI) or physical appearance. Overtraining appeared to negate the benefits of exercise by increasing inflammation and cortisol, while suppressing testosterone and leptin that inevitably instigated hunger and weight gain. The blood samples of 10 overweight, healthy adults who underwent 12 treatments during the course of 1 month were examined. Results demonstrated a statistically significant decline in very-low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides and VAT, accompanied by a substantial increase in basal metabolic rate and skeletal muscle mass. Importantly, free T3, insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin, and testosterone were elevated towards the top of the normal range, while cortisol and ghrelin gravitated towards the low end of the normal range, without ever spiking outside the limits of hormonal balance.
Pelvic motion the key to understanding spine–hip interaction
Authors: Pizones Javier , García-Rey Eduardo
Published: September 2020

Pelvic motion acting as a hinge between the spine and hips is essential to maintain proper balance during bipedalism. Pelvic rotation is recruited as a compensation mechanism when spinal malalignment occurs. This pelvic rotation can affect functional acetabular orientation, and consequently functional cup positioning if a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is needed. Pelvic retroversion, frequently associated with degenerative spinal changes, implies an increase of acetabular version. Patients with flexible lumbar spines (spine users) protect the hip joint. Patients with stiff, degenerated or fused lumbar spines (hip users) demand higher hip mobility, placing the THA at risk. Pelvises in retroversion place the THA at risk for anterior dislocation when standing. In contrast, pelvises in anteversion or with low pelvic incidence (PI) can place THA at risk for posterior dislocation when sitting. Try to set the cup in an anatomic position. However, bear in mind that low PI pelvises may need more acetabular ante-inclination, and high PI pelvises more acetabular retroversion. If surgery is needed, start first by addressing the hip, except in patients with compensation (high pelvic retroversion), who may need spine surgery first to place the pelvis, and consequently the acetabulum, in a proper position.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:522-533. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200032
Distribution of zooplankton community in Toli shad (Tenualosa toli) habitats, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: AIMAN WAN MOHAMAD , YUSOFF FATIMAH MD , ARSHAD AZIZ , Kamal Abu Hena Mustafa , ISMAIL JOHAN , IDRIS MOHD HANAFI , KARIM NURUL ULFAH , ASIF ABDULLA AL
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Aiman WM, Yusoff FM, Arshad A, Kamal AHM, Ismail J, Idris MH, Karim NU, Asif AA. 2020. Distribution of zooplankton community in Toli shad (Tenualosa toli) habitats, Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 21: 4022-4033. The river ecosystems of Sarawak has been identified as important-spawning ground for economically important Toli shad (Tenualosa toli) fisheries. In these river ecosystems, zooplankton serves as a secondary producer to the different types of fish larvae including Toli shad. The productivity and biomass of zooplankton are important factors to control the production of higher trophic level organisms like fish larvae and fishes in different stages including T. toli larvae. In this viewpoint, the composition and abundance of zooplankton were investigated at 5 (five) sampling stations (considered to be spawning and nursing areas of Toli shad) at Batang Lupar and Batang Sadong estuaries from July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 29 zooplankton taxa were recorded that belong to 14 major groups comprised of Copepoda (Arthropoda), Crustacean nauplii (Arthropoda), Fish larvae (Chordata), Mollusca (Mollusca), Luciferidae (Arthropoda), Cnidaria (Cnidaria), Ostracoda (Arthropoda), Cirripedia (Arthropoda), Polychaete larvae (Annelida), Chaetognatha (Chaetognatha), Appendicularia (Chordata), Amphipoda (Arthropoda), Echinodermata larvae (Echinodermata) and Cladoceran (Arthropoda). Copepod was dominant group of zooplankton (82.40-94.41%) at all stations, contributing 477.37-25921.89 ind/m3 and 88.38% of total abundance. The second highest was crustacean larvae (2.45-9.38%) in all stations, contributing 0-2391.7 ind/m3 and 5.88% of total abundance. Zooplankton abundance was higher at downstream station 1 (8460.72 ind/m³) followed by station 2 (5479.80 indi/m³), station 3 (4571.95 ind/m³), station 4 (4394.20 ind/m³) and upstream station 5 (4156.73 ind/m³). Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that the abundance of copepods was highly influenced by total turbidity and nitrate in the riverine and estuarine ecosystems. Abundance of zooplankton was relatively higher (9549.31 ind/m³) during the post-monsoon and lower (3534.56 ind/m³) during the southwest monsoon.
DNA barcode of Metroxylon sagu and others palm species using matK gene
Authors: Abbas Barahima , KABES RUDY JOHANIS , MAWIKERE NOUKE LENDA , Ruimassa Reymas Marten Reinhard , MATURBONG RUDY APRIANTO
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Abbas B, Kabes RJ, Mawikere NL, Ruimassa RMR, Maturbong RA. 2020. DNA barcode of Metroxylon sagu and other palm species using matK gene. Biodiversitas 21: 4047-4057. Palm family encompasses numerous species, and they disperse broadly across tropical and subtropical countries. The palm family is generally used as an ornamental plant, food, oil, and industrial raw materials. Species of palm that accumulate large amount carbohydrate in the trunk is sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb). The objectives of this study were to explore the plastid sequence associated with matK genes in the palm family and to reveal DNA barcode of 16 genera and 28 species of the palm. Plant materials used in the studies were derived from Sago Research Center (SRC), and other palm sequences were retrieved from the GenBank, NCBI accessions. The PCR product was sequenced by the 1st Base Asia, Singapore. Sequences of the matK gene that were observed in the plastid genome of M. sagu were registered into the NCBI GenBank as DNA barcode of M. sagu. Percent query cover of Blast analysis range from 98% to 100%, and identity range from 97.70% to 100%. Plastid nucleotides associated with matK genes in the chloroplast genome of palm family were shown substantial differences in inter-genera and small differences in inter-species. Genetic distance among palm family range from 0 to 0.026 with nucleotide variation observed was of 0.008822 value. The result of molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the palm family separated into three clades and three sub-clades based on the plastid matK gene. Species of M. sagu and M. warburgii were considered closely related as compared to other palm species. The matK gene barcoding method is one powerful tool for identification inter-genera and inter-species of the palm.
Induction of autotetraploid Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera) using oryzalin
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan , Witjaksono Witjaksono
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Ridwan, Witjaksono. 2020. Induction of autotetraploid Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera) using oryzalin. Biodiversitas 21: 4086-4093. Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a plant with high nutritional content and has been widely used as a vegetable and health food ingredient, but its utilization and productivity have not been optimal. Increasing plant productivity can be done by increasing biomass which can be obtained through increasing plant ploidy. This study aims at obtaining tetraploid Moringa by induction using oryzalin compound. Moringa germinating seeds were soaked in oryzalin water solutions for 1, 3, and 5 days with concentrations of 0 µM (control), 15 µM, 30 µM, 60 µM, and 120 µM with 10 seeds for each treatment. We have recovered two tetraploid Moringa plants and two chimeric plants of diploid and tetraploid genomes. Immersing germinating seeds for 1 day in 15 or 60 µM oryzalin concentration effectively induced autopolyploid in Moringa. Tetraploid plants exhibit typical morphological characteristics of a tetraploid, such as low stomata density, larger stomata size, and larger leaflet size compared to the diploid counterpart. The induced tetraploid plants have significantly increased protein, fat, and calcium content compared to the diploid counterpart emphasizing their values as functional food. This polyploidy induction method can be used to produce Moringa tetraploid lines from various accessions in the attempts of developing and selecting high yielding tetraploid Moringa cultivars.
Forensic genetic case study: Species identification and traceability of sea turtle caught in illegal trade in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: NI PUTU DIAN PERTIWI  , SUHENDRO MAULID DIO , YUSMALINDA NI LUH ASTRIA , PUTRA I NYOMAN GIRI , PUTRI I GUSTI RICCA MAHATMA , ARTININGSIH ENEX YUNI , AL-MALIK M. DANIE , CAHYANI NI KADEK DITA , SEMBIRING ANDRIANUS
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Pertiwi NPD, Suhendro MD, Yusmalinda NLA, Putra ING, Putri IGRM, Artinigsih EY, Al Malik MD, Cahyani NKD, Sembiring A. 2020. Forensic genetic case study: Species identification and traceability of sea turtle caught in illegal trade in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4276-4283. Although known as protected endangered species, sea turtle trade is still occurring, especially in Indonesia. Understanding the species and population origin of sea turtle being sold in the illegal market is crucial for its conservation, where it will reveal the traceability of sea turtle trade to its population origin in the management unit areas. Thus, genetic forensic has been used as a key investigating tool to help with this problem. In this research, we aim to identify the species and population origin of the sea turtle caught and traded in the illegal market in Bali. Of the 20 samples collected from confiscated sea turtle during illegal trade, by-catch, and a traditional restaurant serving sea turtle meat, 17 samples were successfully analyzed and identified using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) methods. The result identified 15 samples as a green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), while two samples were olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea). Mixed Stock Analysis (MSA) with Bayesian indicated that the green sea turtle caught in illegal trade in Bali is originated mostly from the rookeries populations in Berau (29.98%), Terengganu (17.84%), Sarawak (14.84%), and Ashmore Reef (11.85%). Meanwhile, 18 other locations only showed the MSA value below 2%, including the locations of Penang and Perak, Vietnam, Perhentian, Redang, Pahang, Mersing, Sabah Turtle Island Park (TIP), Sipadan, Coral Sea, western New Caledonia, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Island and Guam, northern New Guinea, Gulf of Carpenteria, Scott Reef, West Java, North West Self, Cobourg Peninsula, Cocos Keeling Island. Therefore, the exploitation of sea turtle in Bali will impact the decline in the genetic diversity of sea turtles population Indonesia and adjacent locations. Monitoring and protection of sea turtle species in Bali have to be a high priority because Bali is known as the hub for sea turtle illegal trade, and the exploitation of sea turtle in Bali will have an impact on the sea turtle population in other locations.