bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH INTENSITAS CAHAYA DAN JARAK PADA SISTEM AUGMENTED REALITY OBJEK ANIMASI
Authors: Kustijono Rudy , Hakim Septian Rahman
Published: November 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh intensitas cahaya dan jarak pada sistem Augmented Reality objek animasi. Augmented Reality (AR) merupakan upaya untuk menggabungkan dunia maya (virtual) dan dunia nyata (real) yang dibuat melalui komputer sehingga batas antara keduanya menjadi sangat tipis. Untuk mengembangkan AR banyak sekali library pendukung yang dapat digunakan. FlarToolKit adalah salah satunya. FlarToolKit merupakan library pendukung AR pada platform flash. Dalam penelitian ini dibuatlah sistem AR objek animasi. Sistem yang dibuat dalam objek adalah permainan pingpong. Pada permainan pingpong disini berbeda pada permainan pingpong lainnya dimana telah dikolaborasikan dengan AR untuk menggerakkan setiap langkah dari playernya. Gerak setiap langkah tersebut dibantu dengan alat dengan nama marker pada saat proses rendering yang dilakukan kamera. Marker yang telah diregistrasi dapat dikenali dengan kamera dan dapat berinteraksi dengan objek bola dan komputer. Interaksi antar obyek tersebut dapat dilihat dari gerak bola yang dapat dipukul dengan ojyek virtual yang ditampilkan melalui AR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembacaan marker oleh kamera sangat dipengaruhi oleh besarnya Intensitas cahaya. Untuk intensitas cahaya sedang (cahaya lampu) dapat menampilkan obyek virtual. Sedangkan intensitas cahaya yang terlalu kecil (gelap) dan intensitas cahaya yang terlalu besar (cahaya matahari), objek virtual tidak terlihat. Selain intensitas cahaya, jarak marker dengan kamera juga sangat berpengaruh dalam proses berjalannya sistem ini dimana marker yang telah dibaca oleh kamera ini nantinya akan di bandingkan dengan data marker yang menjadi acuannya. Bila terlalu dekat atau terlalu jauh maka kamera tidak dapat membaca marker dengan baik sehingga sistem tidak dapat mengenali marker tersebut. Jarak terdekat untuk marker terhadap kamera yang bisa menampilkan objek virtual adalah 10 cm. Sedangkan jarak terjauh yang tidak bisa menampilkan objek adalah 1 meter.
Las máscaras de Pessoa
Authors: Faro Forteza Agustín
Published: November 2017

Este artículo quiere constatar que la creación de los heterónimos corresponde a una decidida voluntad de Pessoa para conformarse como el escritor absoluto, un autor que es capaz de alcanzar la multiplicidad creativa a partir de la unicidad del hombre. Así pues, más allá de los tópicos con los que el propio Pessoa define a sus heterónimos, estos pseudopoetas esconden las diferentes voces que el denominado Pessoa ortónimo nunca hubiera sido capaz de asumir. Hay que entender los heterónimos no como un juego ingenioso, sino como la necesidad de dar salida a una angustia vital. Las poéticas de Caeiro, Reis y Campos, como principales creaciones, son los textos que nos van a permitir descifrar la tesis sostenida.Este artigo quer enfatizar como a criação dos heterónimos parte de uma clara vontade de Pessoa de se moldar como o escritor absoluto, um autor que é capaz de atingir a multiplicidade creativa a partir da unicidade do homem. Assim, para além dos tópicos que o próprio Pessoa constrói para definir os seus heterónimos, estes pseudopoetas escondem as diferentes vozes que o chamado Pessoa ortónimo nunca poderia assumir. É preciso entender os heterónimos não como uma engenhosa brincadeira mas como a necessidade de dar uma saída à angústia vital. As poéticas de Caeiro, Reis e Campos, como principais creações, são os textos que nos permitirão descifrar a tese proposta.
La de(con)strucción de la Historia de España o metaficción historiográfica a la española: "Fabulosas narraciones por historias", de Antonio Orejudo Utrillla
Authors: Lozano Mijares Pilar
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de la novela histórica española última (también denominada metaficción historiográfica) es “de(con)struir”, es decir, reinterpretar e incluso destruir la historia oficial, y no tanto reconstruirla. Este objetivo se relaciona directamente con el paradigma estético al que pertenece: el posmodernismo. Pero, al mismo tiempo, es realista en un sentido más amplio, puesto que mimetiza la ontología plural de las sociedades industriales avanzadas, en las que la realidad ha dejado de ser un concepto firme para identificarse con la ficción. Esto es lo que nos demuestra Fabulosas narraciones por historias de Antonio Orejudo Utrilla (1996), en la que el autor da la vuelta a la historia de la literatura española y se alista a las filas del revisionismo histórico posmoderno, ofreciéndonos una mirada al pasado profundamente crítica hacia Occidente.The goal of the latest historical novel (also called historiographical metafiction) in Spain is to “de(con)struct”, that is to say, to interpret again and even to destroy the official history, and not so much to reconstruct it. This goal is directly related to the aesthetic paradigm to which it belongs: the postmodernism. At the same time, it is realist in a broader sense, as it mimetises the plural ontology of the advanced industrial societies, in which reality is not a stable concept any more, but it is identified with fiction. This is what Fabulosas narraciones por historias, by Antonio Orejudo Utrilla (1996), shows: the author turns the history of Spanish literature upside down and rallies for the postmodern historical revisionism, at the same time as he offers us a very critical glance at Occident past.
Contraimágenes para una California alternativa: los diggers, Bruce Nauman y Terry Riley en San Francisco
Authors: Díez Óskar
Published: November 2017

En la segunda mitad de la década de los sesenta la ciudad californiana de San Francisco se convierte en uno de los lugares centrales de la producción de la novedad. En el seno de la comunidad hippie, los diggers se desmarcan del ambiente dominante y plantean una ruptura con el capitalismo más allá de la mera rebelión formal. Son los días en que el músico Terry Riley inaugura el minimalismo musical con su obra "In C" y el momento en el que Bruce Nauman establece las bases de un vocabulario artístico  que lo encumbrará como uno de los artistas clave de la segunda mitad del siglo XX.                                                                                                                  In the second half of the sixties the Californian city of San Francisco becomes a central place in the production of novelty. Within the hippie community, Diggers distance themselves from dominant environment and pose a rupture with capitalism beyond the mere formal rebellion. These are the days when the musician Terry Riley opens with his work "In C" the musical minimalism and the time when Bruce Nauman lays the foundations of an artistic vocabulary that afterwards will elevate him as one of the key artists of the second half of the twentieth.
Jorge Riechmann: el poema como crónica pública
Authors: Scarano Laura
Published: November 2017

En 1997, el poeta madrileño Jorge Riechmann (1962) editó un peculiar poemario dentro de una ya vasta producción. Lo titulaba con evidente afán paródico El día que dejé de leer El País y se transformó en uno de los mejores ejemplos del cruce discursivo entre ensayo, crónica periodística y poema (o, mejor dicho, “anti-poema”). El nuevo collage emergente —plenamente posvanguardista— no rinde lúdico homenaje a tradiciones estéticas previas, sino que se erige como documento fiel de un imaginario cultural mutante e híbrido que renuncia a los compartimentos estancos de los géneros literarios y funda su naturaleza en un afán de crónica actualísima de la vida urbana, entre el inconformismo y la parodia, sin claudicar ante el fatalismo cultural de ciertos intelectuales ni los cantos de sirena de la hiperglobalizada cultura comunicacional. Palabras-clave: poesía, collage, compromiso, prosaísmo.   In 1997, the poet Jorge Riechmann (Madrid, 1962) published a peculiar collection of poems, entitled El día que dejé de leer El País, as part of a wide poetic an theoretical production. This book is an excellent example of postmodern (“post-avantgarde”) collage, a hybrid discursive between essay, journalistic chronicle and poem (or better said, “anti-poem”). This collage stands as a faithful document of a mutant multicultural imaginary which stands against the ideological fatalism of certain intellectuals or the promising songs from the hiper-globalized communication culture. Keywords: poetry, collage, commitment, prosaism.
Jaime Siles/x
Authors: Egido Aurora
Published: November 2017

Se trata de componer un discurso poético partiendo de las palabras del propio autor. Pero, en este caso, el contrafactor no vuelve ni a lo divino, ni a lo humano la obra de Jaime Siles, sino que trata de componer una semblanza aproximada a partir de algunos de sus textos. Ya Marino habló de la licitud de robare, con tal de que lo sustraido se engastara de manera diferente para cobrar un nuevo significado. La operación es tan arriesgada como quien rompe un vitral de colores para componer otro distinto con los cristales rotos. Tal efecto de violencia se inserta en los parámetros de una era en la que triunfan lo fragmentario y la composición de imágenes heterogéneas (por no hablar de montaje literario, ya se trate de Walter Benjamin o de Benjamin Fondane). Si Aby Warburg (Atlas Menmosyne, 1924 y 1929) trató de transformar la historia del arte reuniendo las imágenes en paneles móviles, que se podían montar y desmontar a conveniencia, ¿por qué no hacerlo con un autor que tanto sabe del Barroco, de las vanguardias y de la posmodernidad? Se trata de un experimento de manipulación no engañosa, sin más ambición que la de reordenar las palabras y las cosas en el espacio de la lectura, donde estas adquieran siempre una dimensión personal y dificilmente transferible.  The question is to compose a poetic discourse from the words of the author himself. But, in this case, the contrafactor doesn’t change the work of Jaime Siles nor “a lo divino”, nor “a lo humano”, but tries to compose an approximate semblance from some of his texts. Marino talked about the legality of robare, as long as it is crimped differently to take on a new meaning. The operation is as risky as one who breaks a glass window to compose a different one with the broken glasses. Such an effect of violence is inserted in the parameters of an era in which succeed the fragmentary and the composition of heterogeneous images (not to mention the literary montage of Walter Benjamin or Benjamin Fondane). If Aby Warburg (Atlas Menmosyne, 1924 and 1929) attempted to transform the history of art collecting images on removable panels that could be assembled and disassembled for convenience, why not do it with an author who knows both the Baroque, the avant-garde and postmodernism? This is a not misleading manipulation experiment, with no other ambition than to rearrange the words and things in the space of reading, where they always acquire a personal and hardly transferable dimension.
Gide, Kafka, Woolf. Iluminación de su vida y obra a través de los diarios
Authors: Aguirre Martínez Guillermo
Published: November 2017

Para la realización de este estudio se han seleccionado tres autores, André Gide, Franz Kafka y Virginia Woolf, en los que obra y vida se confunden y alimentan mutuamente sin apenas discontinuidad que permita observar dónde nace una y muere la otra. Encontramos, no obstante, en sus respectivos diarios, la herramienta idónea de cara a discernir los límites entre ideal y experiencia, poesía y verdad, una vez que cada uno de ellos hará de su diario no solo un apoyo o guía vital, sino también un soporte donde poder plasmar aquellos pensamientos, aquellas primeras imágenes que posteriormente darán lugar, ya de modo elaborado, a la obra de arte. Observar y analizar esas primeras manifestaciones, sus progresivas metamorfosis y, finalmente, sus cristalizaciones en forma de creación estética, constituye el propósito del presente trabajo.Palabras clave: André Gide, Franz Kafka, Virginia Woolf, diarios, literatura, novela. Pour la réalisation de cette étude, trois auteurs ont été sélectionnés, André Gide, Kakfa et Woolf, chez lesquels l’œuvre et vie se confondent et se nourrissent mutuellement sans qu’on puisse observer de discontinuité entre naissance et mort de l’une et de l’autre. Nous trouvons, cependant, dans leurs journaux respectifs l’outil idoine qui permet de discerner les limites entre idéal et expérience, poésie et vérité vu que chacun d’eux fera de son journal non seulement un soutien ou guide vital, mais aussi un support où pouvoir exprimer ces pensées, ces premières images qui donneront lieu «a posteriori» de façon élaborée, à l’œuvre d’art. Observer et analyser ces premières manifestations, leurs progressives métamorphoses et, pour finir, leur cristallisation sous forme de création esthétique, constitue l’objet du présent travail.Mots clé: André Gide, Franz Kafka, Virginia Woolf, journaux, littérature, roman.
The proportion of asymptomatic infections and spectrum of disease among pregnant women infected by Zika virus: systematic monitoring in French Guiana, 2016
Authors: Flamand Claude , Fritzell Camille , Matheus Séverine , Dueymes Maryvonne , Carles Gabriel , Favre Anne , Enfissi Antoine , Adde Antoine , Demar Magalie , Kazanji Mirdad , Cauchemez Simon , Rousset Dominique
Published: November 2017

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with complications during pregnancy. Although the presence of symptoms might be a risk factor for complication, the proportion of ZIKV-infected pregnant women with symptoms remains unknown. Following the emergence of ZIKV in French Guiana, all pregnancies in the territory were monitored by RT-PCR and/or detection of ZIKV antibodies. Follow-up data collected during pregnancy monitoring interviews were analysed from 1 February to 1 June 2016. We enrolled 3,050 pregnant women aged 14–48 years and 573 (19%) had laboratory-confirmed ZIKV infection. Rash, arthralgia, myalgia and conjunctival hyperaemia were more frequently observed in ZIKV-positive women; 23% of them (95% confidence interval (CI): 20–27) had at least one symptom compatible with ZIKV infection. Women 30 years and older were significantly more likely to have symptoms than younger women (28% vs 20%). The proportion of symptomatic infections varied from 17% in the remote interior to 35% in the urbanised population near the coast (adjusted risk ratio: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.4–1.9.). These estimates put findings on cohorts of symptomatic ZIKV-positive pregnant women into the wider context of an epidemic with mainly asymptomatic infections. The proportion of symptomatic ZIKV infections appears to vary substantially between populations.
Anthropological turn in artistic pedagogy - "gold" section centuries
Authors: Oleksyuk Olga ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University
Published: November 2017

Postnonclassical ideas of anthropological pedagogy are closely linked with the modernization process of higher art education. Heuristic perspectives of the anthropological principles is fruitful in studying of future specialists’ spiritual potential mechanisms.
Returns soul to methodical and academic discourse contributes just spiritual education potential of the individual to which the soul is a basic cultural concept, and one of the principles of the content is implementation of the human soul’s psychological law in the unity of knowledge, feeling and will.
Knowing the unique laws of the spiritual world in the process of interaction with the environment, the person has the choice of development’s ways. Thus the problem of the individual’s spiritual potential in the arts, her professional growth, ability to self-reflection and formation of global competency in a new covered through humanistic orientation of postnonclassical pedagogy.
Contemporary art education only approaching to the study of human development’s patterns as a whole, but today we know that the spirituality of person and his subjectivity depends on the integration of emotional, intellectual, mo- tivational, cognitive and other personal areas. Anthropological turn in art pedagogy initiates its fundamental modern form, is due to integration and humanization of knowledge about person in different cultural contexts.
Educational innovations in preparing practical psychologists on the basis of competence
Authors: Lozova Olga ,   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University
Published: November 2017

The article examines the dynamics of changes in higher education of psychologists in the United States from the the 1970s to the present time. The necessity to update the content of professional training of psychologists is presented in the context of the prospects of Ukraine’s membership in the European Union. This update should be done not by blindly copying foreign educational programs, but via adapting the experience of other countries with the best traditions of national higher education.
Seguimiento a graduados de la Carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato
Authors: Moreno Martín Gustavo , Martínez García Diana Nancy , Fernández Nieto Miriam Ivonne , Quishpe Jara Graciela De las Mercedes
Published: November 2017

Seguimiento a graduados de la Carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato
Atención prehospitalaria en emergencias por el Servicio Integrado de Seguridad ECU 911
Authors: Alulema Zurita Paul Sebastián , Martínez Martínez Ronelsys , González Salas Raúl , Moreno Martín Gustavo , Cisneros Pérez Daisy Jacqueline
Published: November 2017

Introducción: La atención médica que se brinda previa al ámbito hospitalario, implica la coordinación de una serie de acciones y toma de decisiones por parte del personal que la ejecuta. El Servicio Integrado de Seguridad ECU 911, coordina la atención prehospitalaria en el territorio nacional, se ha ido ampliando con el transcurso del tiempo y ha mejorado la cobertura sobre el territorio nacional.Objetivo: Determinar la situación actual de la atención de emergencias prehospitalaria en relación con el tiempo de respuesta y a los eventos reportados al Servicio Integrado de Seguridad ECU 911 de la ciudad de Ambato.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo con universo de 145 profesionales que laboran en el servicio y las 1247 atenciones registradas de enero a junio de 2015, no se seleccionó muestra.Resultados: Se encontró que el tiempo de respuesta del sistema es susceptible de ser mejorado, sobre la base de un personal mayormente joven, que se encuentra motivado por la labor que realiza, pero que sin embargo desconoce en gran medida los protocolos establecidos para la función que realizan, conllevando a poca adherencia a estos.Conclusiones: La atención prehospitalaria fue mayoritariamente a urgencias o emergencias de tipo quirúrgicas o traumatológicas. El tiempo de respuesta del sistema fue susceptible de ser mejorado acorde a estándares internacionales. La mayoría del personal presentó poco tiempo laborando dicha área debiendo mejorarse la adherencia a protocolos de atención prehospitalaria.
Meat Hygiene Practices Among Meat Sellers in Dharan Municipality of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Jamuna , Badhu A , Shah T , Niraula SR
Published: November 2017

IntroductionEating the meat derived from animals suffering from zoonotic diseases or contaminated with meat borne bacteria cause infection or intoxication and grave danger to both the handler and consumer causing morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveThe study aims to assess the meat hygiene practices among meat sellers in Dharan City of Eastern Nepal.MethodologyA descriptive cross sectional study was carried in all meat shops registered in Dharan from December 2013 to December 2014. A total of 125 meat shops, which were registered in Dharan Municipality, Dharan Mashu Baybasashi Prabadhi Sang and Dharan Mashu Baybasashi Sangh were enrolled. Checklist and semi structured interview schedule were used to assess the hygiene practices of meat shops. Data were analyzed by using descriptive as well as inferential statistics.ResultsThis study revealed that practice of meat inspection, antemortem and post-mortem examination of animals/carcass were not seen and separate slaughterhouse was not made. Only few (19%) of the respondents had practice of washing hands before and a
Knowledge Regarding Earthquake Preparedness Among the People of Biratnagar Sub-Metropolis of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Alpha , Parajuli P , Parajuli S
Published: November 2017

IntroductionEarthquake preparedness is necessary strategy and action that is done before an earthquake happens in order to decrease mortality and morbidity. Earthquake in Nepal killed more than 8000 people in 2015. Increased number of deaths were mainly considered due to lack of earthquake preparedness and necessary safety measures.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the knowledge regarding earthquake preparedness and to ﬁnd out relationship between the level of knowledge and with their selected socio-demographic variables.MethodologyA cross sectional study was conducted among the people residing in ward number 11 and 18 of Biratnagar sub-metropolis from 1st July to 1st October 2015. Wards were selected through simple random sampling and 110 participants were selected through convenient sampling. Each participant had completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics was applied for data analysis.ResultAmong 110 participants, 51.8% had knowledge score between 51% to 75%, 24.6% had knowledge score below 50% and only 23.6% had knowledge score above 75%. This research showed that there was signiﬁcant relationship between knowledge and age, marital status, educational status, occupation and monthly income. Participants from 20 to 39 year had more knowledge score than participants from 40 to 60 years. The higher the educational status; more was the knowledge score. Unmarried participants had more knowledge score than married participants and business holders had more knowledge score than other occupation category.ConclusionEarthquake preparedness knowledge among participants was inadequate. Therefore, educational intervention program regarding this is required in these areas. Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, page: 201-205
Trend in Gastric Outlet Obstruction at Patients Attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Thakur Deepak Kumar , Ghimire B , Singh YP
Published: November 2017

IntroductionGastric outlet obstruction (GOO) involves obstruc_on in the antro-pyloric region or bulb of duodenum. Malignancy is common cause of GOO in adults but many patients with GOO have benign causes. Despite the improvement in medical management, about 5% patients with complicated duodenal ulcer disease and 1%-2% with complicated gastric ulcer disease respectively develop this problem.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to find the etiologies of GOO, their management options and outcome in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital.MethodologyIn this retrospective study, the records of 44 patients admited with diagnosis of GOO from September 2007 to August 2010 in the Department of Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal were retrieved. Patients' demography, etiologies of GOO, treatment given and their outcome were analysed.ResultsThirty two patients (73%) were male and 12 (27%) were female with M:F ratio of 2.7:1. The mean age of patients was 57.40 years and duration of symptoms 2.68 months. Carcinoma of stomach, 28 cases (64%) was most common ecology of GOO followed by PUD, 9 (21%), duodenal malignancy,3 (7%), corrosive stricture, 2 (5%), advanced gallbladder carcinoma, 1 (2%) and chronic pancreatis, 1 (2%). Seventeen (39%) patients were treated by gastrojejunostomy, 14 (32%) by subtotal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy, 5 (11%) by truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy, 4 (9%) by medical management, 2 (4.5%) by feeding jejunostomy, and 2 (4.5%) were discharged on request. Complications occurred in 7 (16%) patients and mortality in 1 (2%). Twenty three (52%) patients were candidates for chemotherapy either in an adjuvant or palliative seting.ConclusionGastric malignancy was the most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction. Most of the patients in our setup presented with advanced disease and were candidates of palliative treatment only. Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 219-221
Etiology of heart failure in the emergency department of a tertiary cardiac centre of Nepal
Authors: Shareef Miqdhaadh , KC Man Bahadur , Raut Roshan , Hirachan Anish , KC Bishal , Agarwal Amit Kumar , Shah Ram Kishore , Adhikari Chandra Mani
Published: October 2017

Background and Aims: Heart failure is a major global health problem, but studies on prevalence of heart disease in Nepal are sparse. The aim of this study is to describe the etiology of heart failure patients in emergency department of Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre.Methods: This was a single centre, prospective, observational study, conducted in the Emergency Department of National Heart Centre, from 1st May to 30th August 2016. All (n=591) consecutive patients with clinical diagnosis of heart failure were evaluated.Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.48 ±19.44 years, with 45.9% males. 31.3% had atrial fibrillation. The commonest cause of heart failure was rheumatic heart disease (25.1%), followed by dilated cardiomyopathy (22.8%), and coronary artery disease (18.1%). The commonest causes in the age group ≤44 years were rheumatic heart disease (61.9%), and congenital heart disease (11.0%). Commonest causes in the age groups 45 – 64 years and ≥ 65 years were dilated cardiomyopathy (29.0% and 26.4%, respectively) and coronary artery disease (22.3% and 24.3%, respectively). The commonest causes in male was dilated cardiomyopathy (26.9%) and in female it was rheumatic heart disease (31.6%).Conclusion: Rheumatic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease are the commonest cause of heart failure. Appropriate prevention strategies focused at these causes of heart failure are required to decrease the burden of heart failure in Nepal.Nepalese Heart Journal 2017; Vol 14(2), 1-4
Frequency of electro-cardiographic changes in patients of acute organophosphate poisoning at tertiary care hospital Larkana, Pakistan
Authors: Soomro Munawar Hussain , Magsi Mansoor , Baig Rahim , Soomro Mohammad Aslam
Published: October 2017

Background and Aims: The organophosphate (OP) poisoning is one of the important preventable public health problems in developing countries. It is estimated that OP pesticide self-poisoning kills around 200,000 people every year. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in acute OP poisoning at tertiary care hospital Larkana, Pakistan.Methods: It was an observational retrospective study of the patients who were diagnosed with acute OP poisoning during the period of four years January 2012 to December 2015 at medical emergency department, Shaheed Mohtarma Benzir Bhutto Medical University Hospital Larkana, Pakistan. A sample of 223 patients between 16-45 years with definite history of OP ingestion, were included in study. Patients with the history of cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic renal failure and electrolyte imbalance were excluded.Results: Mean age was 29.61 ± 8.656 years with range of 16-45 years. Duration of OP ingestion ranged from 30 to 300 minutes with mean of 167.53 ± 45.26 minutes. Sixty five percent patients were in their 3rd and 4th decades of life. Males were 122 (54.71%) while 101 (45.29%) were females. ECG changes found in 145 (65.02%) with tachycardia and bradycardia was 85 (38.1%) and 60 (26.9%) respectively. The ST elevation was noted in 59 (26.5%), depression in 50 (22.4%), T wave changes observed in 51 (22.9%) patients. QTc interval was prolonged in 129 (57.85%).Conclusion: ECG changes are frequent in OP patients. QTc interval followed by sinus arrhythmias were most common changes observed. ECG should be done in all the patients who present with OP poisoning.Nepalese Heart Journal 2017; Vol 14(2), 5-8
Variability among 2D and 3D methods of calculating mitral valve area: a comparative study with pressure half time method
Authors: Agarwal Amit Kumar , Sharma Deewakar , Baidya Sajan Gopal , Prajapati Dipanker
Published: October 2017

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, reproducibility and accuracy of Live Three dimensional Echocardiography (3DE), Two dimensional Echocardiography (2DE) and Three dimensional Xplane Echocardiography (3D Xplane) for the estimation of mitral valve area (MVA) and to assess which method has the best agreement with the MVA non- invasively evaluated by the Pressure half time (PHT) method in isolated rheumatic mitral valve stenosis (RMVS).Methods: In 40 patients with isolated RVMS in sinus rhythm (29 female) MVA was determined by Doppler PHT method and compared with measurements obtained by 2DE, Live 3DE and 3D Xplane method. All measurements were performed by two independent observers.Results: For both observers mean MVA was calculated minimum with 3DE (observer 1: 0.68±0.19, observer 2: 0.68±0.19 ). Intraobserver variability was least with 3D Xplane method (observer 1 cv 0.23 , observer 2 cv 0.23). Although there was no significant interobserver variability for each method, it was least for MVA by 3D Xplane method (difference -0.036) and maximum for 3DE method (-0.098) . Difference of each method with PHT showed lowest difference with 3D Xplane (-0.30) and highest with 3DE (-0.63).Conclusions: TTE 3D Xplane provides accurate and highly reproducible measurements of MVA and can easily be performed from optimal PLAX view and corresponding parasternal short-axis views acquired in the same bisected image using 3D Xplane technique . It was much easier and faster to define the image plane in short axis with the smallest orifice area when 3D Xplane method was used.Nepalese Heart Journal 2017; Vol 14(2), 13-17DOI
Study of coronary artery dominance in Nepalese population by angiographic method
Authors: Karna Arun Kumar , Maskey Arun , Nepal Himanshu , Yadav Dharma Nath
Published: October 2017

Background and Aims: Coronary artery disease is one of the major causes of death in developed countries. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of coronary artery dominance in our Nepalese population by coronary angiography method and its correlation with the extent of coronary artery disease.Methods: A six-month hospital based prospective observational study of 220 patients (from August 2016 to January 2017) of either gender of 18 years of age or more, eligible for coronary angiography for diagnostic purpose, were performed in this study. The patients with valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease were excluded. The sociodemographic profile of the patients, pattern of coronary artery dominance and its association with coronary artery diseases were all recorded on a proforma. The data were subjected to statistical analysis.Results: A total of 220 patients, 66.82% (n=147) were male and 33.18% (n=73) were female. The mean age was 59.11±11.61 years. The age range was 34-81 years. There was no in-hospital mortality. Right coronary artery was dominant in 85.5%, left dominant in 10 % and co-dominant in 4.5% of the patient population. Abnormal ECG (du to ST-T changes) was 68.18% in left dominant and 42.02% in right dominant. The chance of having coronary artery disease with abnormal ECG (due to ST-T changes) compared to normal ECG is 24 times more in left dominant and 3.875 times more in right dominant.Conclusions: The right coronary dominant pattern is more prevalent in our population. There is no significant association of age and sex with coronary dominance. The Left coronary dominant pattern is more associated with the presence of coronary artery diseases.Nepalese Heart Journal 2017; 14(2): 25-30
Obstetric outcome in patients with rheumatic heart disease: experience of a tertiary hospital.
Authors: Sharma Koirala Poonam
Published: October 2017

Background and Aims: Pregnancy in patients with rheumatic heart disease has always been challenging. Haemodynamic changes in pregnancy with diseased heart may cause adverse maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: A prospective study was done in pregnant women with rheumatic heart disease over a period of 2 years from 2015 to 2016 at Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Baseline data collected at antenatal period were analyzed with obstetric outcomes.Results: A total of 85 women were enrolled in this study. Sixty percent of the women were primigravida. Mitral stenosis was the commonest lesion (69.41%), followed by mitral regurgitation (25.88%) and aortic stenosis (4.71%). Cardiac events were noted in 32 patients out of which 11 developed pulmonary oedema and 6 had new onset of atrial fibrillation. Vaginal delivery (58.82%) was the commonest mode of delivery followed by cesarean section (24.7%). Eighty percent of women remained in NYHA functional class I and II, whereas 20% had deterioration of functional class. There were more maternal and fetal complications in women with NYHA III or IV in comparison to women with NYHA I or II. Low birth weight infants were found in 37.64% of cases. There was one maternal death in a lady with severe mitral stenosis with moderate mitral regurgitation due to congestive heart failure at 34 weeks of gestation. There were 8 fetal and 11 neonatal deathConclusions: Functional cardiac status during pregnancy has a major impact on maternal and fetal outcome. Rheumatic heart disease diagnosed before pregnancy may improve the outcome.Nepalese Heart Journal 2017; 14(2): 31-34
Assessment of atrial septal defects rims on transesophageal echocardiogram at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Chandra Mani , Shrestha Manish , Shakya Urmila
Published: October 2017

Background and Aims: Transcatheter Atrial septal defects (ASD) closure has become the better alternative to surgical closure. Morphological variations of ASD are frequent. We aim to study the rims of ASD in Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE).Methods: It was a retrospective single center audit done at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal. TEE clips of all the patients who underwent TEE evaluation for ASD device closure in our centre between June to August 2017 were studied.Results: During the study period 49 patients underwent TEE to evaluate the rims of ASD for device closure. Atrioventricular rim was good in all patients but it was floppy in one patient. In four chamber view, posterior rim was good in 21(42.8%) patients, floppy in 19 (38.7%) patients and absent in nine (18.5%) patients. Aortic rim was good in 15 (30.6%) patients, floppy in three (6.1%) patients and absent in 31(63.3%) patients. Posterior rim in short axis was good in 17 (34.6%) patients, floppy in 24 (48.9%) patients while it was absent in eight (16.3%) patients. Inferior venacava rim was good in 16 (32.6%) patients, floppy in 23 (46.9%) patients, while absent in ten (20.4%) patients. Superior venacava rim was good in 45 (91.8%) patients, floppy in one (2.1%) patient and absent in three (6.1%) patients. Two (4.1%) patients had two ASDs.Conclusion: Most of the ASD patients have absent rims which makes the procedure more demanding and challenging.Nepalese Heart Journal 2017; 14(2): 35-36
Comparison of ERS satellite radar altimeter heights with GPS-derived heights
on the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
Authors: Phillips Helen A. , Allison Ian , Coleman R. , Hyland G. , Morgan Peter J. , Young N.W.
Published: November 2017

In the spring of 1995 an extensive global positioning system (GPS) survey was
carried out on the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, providing ground-truth
ellipsoidal height measurements for the European remote-sensing satellite (ERS)
radar altimeters. GPS- and altimeter-derived surface heights have been compared at
the intersecting points of the ERS ground tracks and the GPS survey. The mean and
rms height difference for all ERS-1 geodetic-phase tracks across the survey region
is 0.0 + 0.1 m and 1.7 m, respectively. The spatial distribution of the height
differences is highly correlated with surface topographic variations. Comparisons
of GPS-derived surface-elevation profiles along ERS ground tracks show that the
ERS altimeters can closely follow the GPS representation of the actual
surface.
Model estimates of Antarctic accumulation rates and their relationship to
temperature changes
Authors: Smith I. N. , Budd W. F. , Reid P.
Published: November 2017

The results from long-term simulations with a climate model using historical
sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are used to study Antarctic accumulation rates and
their relationship, or sensitivity, to temperature changes. The model used has a
horizontal resolution of approximately 2° by 2°. The SST data comprise
reconstructed monthly values on a global grid for the period 1950-91. The results
yield an estimate for the area-averaged value accumulation rate over grounded ice
of 160-180 mm w.e. a−1. The spatial pattern of the simulated
trends over the period of integration indicates that the results for much of East
Antarctica are consistent with evidence deduced from ice cores. The ice-sheet
surface is estimated to have warmed by +0.73°C (a rate of +0.18°C per decade),
while the accumulation rate is estimated to have increased by + 7.7 mm
a−1 (a rate of + 1.9 mm a−1 per
decade). The estimate for sensitivity is +12.5 mm a−1 per
degree of warming, which can be interpreted as about -0.4 mm of sea level per
year.
A new depositional model for ice shelves, based upon sediment cores from the Ross Sea and the MaC. Robertson shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Domack Eugene W. , Harris P.T.
Published: November 2017

We document the similarity of depositional facies occurring in gravity cores recovered from two disjunct regions of the Antarctic continental shelf: the Ross Sea and the MaC. Robertson shelf. The facies sequence model is represented in two cores, one collected during the 1995-1 cruise of the R/VNathaniel R. Palmer(core NBP95 TC-18) and the other collected by the RSVAurora Australisduring cruise 149 in 1995 (core 149 39GC38). Both cores show a succession of facies indicative of ice-shelf retreat during the late-Pleistocene to Holocene transition. Distinct lithofacies range in thickness from a few tens of cm to 1 m and consist of (from bottom to top) a coarse, granulated sandy mud; laminated silt and clay; structureless silly clay; poorly sorted sandy siliceous mud; and siliceous mud and ooze. These facies represent the passage of distinct depositional regimes across the core sites, including sub-ice shelf beneath a basal debris zone; sub-ice shell distal to a debris zone; calving-line transition; and open marine. This facies model represents an advance in our understanding of Glacial marine stratigraphy for the Antarctic continental shelf and will provide the basis for more realistic palaeoglacial reconstructions.
Glaciol isostasy and the crustal structure of Antarctica
Authors: Zweck C.
Published: November 2017

Traditional models of Glaciol isostasy, derived predominantly for studying
the response of the earth to the retreat of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets since
the last ICC age, use earth models which assume constant lithospheric thickness.
For Antarctica, where the continent below the ice sheet is two separate land
masses differing in geological form, the assumption thai a uniform lithosphere can
explain isostatic bchavioitr is questionable. Here, a method to calculate the
glacio-isostatic adjustment of the continent with a laterally varying lithospheric
thickness IS presented. The method is then used in a time-dependent ice-sheet
model to model the isostatic response of the continent when the ice sheet passes
through a Glaciol/interglacial transition. Various relations bet ween the “crustal
thickness” beneath Antarctica, derived from seismic data, and the “lithospheric
thickness” estimate used in glacio-isostatic calculations are assumed in a
sensitivity study. Using the simplest relationships between crustal and
lithospheric thickness, the greatest sensitivity of the ice sheet to the crustal
structure of Antarctica is not in the interior but at coastal locations,
particularly near the major ice shelves. During periods of ice-sheet advance the
grounding-line migration of the shelves varies according to the depression of the
earth peripheral to the ice sheet. The peripheral depression depends on the
regional elasticity of the lithosphere which is controlled by the lithospheric
thickness. Therefore the capacity for the ice sheet to advance varies with the
regional thickness of the crust.
Ice dynamics near Antarctic marginal mountain ranges: implications for
interpreting the glaciol-geological evidence
Authors: Pattyn Frank , Deceeir Hugo
Published: November 2017

In the reconstruction of the Glaciol history of ice-covered areas, ice-sheet
dynamics — translating the climatic signal to glacier variations — is often
disregarded. in this paper an experimental framework, based on ice-sheet modeling,
is presented to determine possible glacier transfer
functions linking the climatic signal to the proxy record of
Glaciol-geological observations. Applied to a flowline through a marginal mountain
range in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, it provides a better insight into the
Glaciol history of the last 200000 years. With respect to the different
combinations of boundary conditions, at least two scenarios were obtained for the
Glaciol history in the vicinity of the mountain range. While inland of the
mountains and near the coast the response to the climatic signal is more or less
similar for both scenarios, with in the mountain range a large difference was
found, depending on the choice of boundary conditions. This aberrant behavior of
the ice sheet near mountain ranges is an important element in the interpretation
of the Glaciol-geological proxy record as a function of the climatic signal. The
reason for the different response patterns encountered in the mountain area is
primarily related to the sensitive interplay between surface mass balance and
thermomechanical properties of the glacier.
Seasonal characteristics of the major ions in the high-accumulation Dome
Summit South ice core, Law Dome, Antarctica
Authors: Curran Mark A.J. , Van Ommen Tas D. , Morgan Vin
Published: November 2017

Seasonal cycles of the chemical species Na+,
Κ+ , Mg2+, Ca2+,
CH3SO3 (MSA) Cl−
NO3
− and NO3
− in the Dome Summit South (DSS) ice core from Law Dome were
measured for a number of epochs (AD 1809-15, 1821-31 1980-92) span-nine a total of
28 years. These preliminary trace-chemical patterns show that the DSS site is
mainly affected by marine air. The main features found in the seasonal pattern of
sea-salt concentrations (e.g. Na+, Cl−
and Mg2+) were a winter peak and a summer minimum. The
variations in sea salts are believed to reflect aerosol production and transport
due to the level of storminess, and are less affected by sea-ice extent. The
seasonal cycles of marine biogenic compounds, non-sea-salt
SO4
2- and MSA are in good agreement. They show a characteristic
summer maximum arid a winter minimum, due to variations in biological activity.
While the main sources of nitrate in polar snow remain unclear, the seasonal
signal, including sub-seasonal structure, at DSS resembles that found m the
atmosphere at coastal Antarctic sites. However, the timing of the nitrate maximum
is different in the ice-core record compared with the aerosol records. Overall,
the results indicate that the DSS core, with sub-seasonal resolution, contains a
sensitive record for investigating climate variability.
Interannual variations and regionality of Antarctic sea-ice-temperature
associations
Authors: Carleton Andrew M. , John Gareth , Welsch Robert
Published: November 2017

In the Antarctic, climate-scale anomalies of surface temperature
(T
s) are associated with the atmospheric circulation and also
sea-ice conditions. Negative (positive) anomalies of station
T
s tend to accompany more (less) extensive sea ice in broadly
similar longitudes. However, the relationship between temperature and sea-ice
conditions during large interannual variations of the circulation has been little
explored, as has its association over longer distances within Antarctica. This
study examines the inter-associations between T
s at seven automatic weather stations in East Antarctica and
the Ross Sea area, and sea-ice conditions in the sector 30° Ε eastward to 60° W
for the three ice-growth seasons (March-October) of 1987-89. Strong between-year
differences occur in the intercorrelalions among station
T
s, sectoral içe extent and the relationship between the two
climate variables, especially for 1988 and 1989. These differences are also
expressed in the patterns of cold-air mesoscale cyclogenesis over sub-Antarctic
latitudes. The study indicates that the T
s-sea-ice link is modulated strongly in the presence of
large-scale interannual anomalies of the atmospheric circulation, including the El
Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Automatic weather station program during Dome Fuji Project by JARE in east
Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors: Takahashi S. , Kameda T. , Enomoto H. , Shiraiwa T. , Kodama Y. , Fujita S. , Motoyama H. , Watanabe O. , Weidner G. A. , Stearns C. R.
Published: November 2017

The Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) has set up automatic
weather stations at six sites on a 1000 km long traverse route between Syowa
station (21 ma.s.l..) and Dome Fuji station (3810 ma.s.l.) since 1993. Large
temperature rises in winter were observed several times in this area. There were
two patterns of time delay of the temperature rises. One was that the temperature
rise at Mizuho station preceded that at other stations, and the other was that the
temperature rise at Dome Fuji station preceded the others. The former occurred
when a disturbance came from the coast between east Enderby Land and the Amery Ice
Shelf and strong winds destroyed the stable inversion layer. The latter occurred
when the low-pressure center was near the coast of west Wilkes Land. in this case,
temperature rise was caused by adveclion of warm air. The atmospheric pressure at
Dome Fuji station and Relay Point oscillated with a period of 0.5 year and
amplitude of about 15hPa. The pressure was higher in July and December, and was
accompanied by a temperature rise. Fluctuations of hourly air temperature at Dome
Fuji station were approximately twice as large as fluctuations at the other sites.
The lapse rale of the annual mean temperature increased with elevation, while the
monthly lapse rate was largest in April.
Monitoring the Antarctic mesopause region for signatures of climate
change
Authors: Burns G. R. , French W. J. R. , Greet P. A. , Williams P. F. B. , Finlayson K. , Lowe R. P.
Published: November 2017

The polar mesopause region (80-100 km) is the coldest region of the Earth's
atmosphere and is expected to be sensitive to global change. Reported increases in
observations of polar mesospheric clouds over the last 100 years have been
postulated to be related to decreased temperatures (associated with tropospheric
warming) and increased water vapour at mesospheric altitudes (a result of
increased methane concentrations in the troposphere). The temperature of this
region can be monitored by spectroscopic techniques utilising hydroxyl (OH)
emissions which originate near 87 km. The Australian Antarctic Division,
Atmospheric and Space Physics group has been analyzing OH (6-2) band spectra
recorded with a Czerny—Turner scanning spectrometer at Davis Station, Antarctica
(68.6° S, 78.0° E) to optimise temperature determinations for climate change
studies. A number of difficulties were encountered, some of which have been
overcome and all of which can be overcome. The mid-winter average temperature of
the OH layer for May-July 1990 has been measured as 224 ±2 K. The equivalent value
for 1996 is 215±2 K. Possible reasons for the difference are discussed.