bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of proteomics to identify biomarkers associated with chronic kidney disease and long‐term outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Edfors R. , Lindhagen L. , Spaak J. , Evans M. , Andell P. , Baron T. , Mörtberg J. , Rezeli M. , Salzinger B. , Lundman P. , Szummer K. , Tornvall P. , Wallén H. N. , Jacobson S. H. , Kahan T. , Marko‐Varga G. , Erlinge D. , James S. , Lindahl B. , Jernberg T.
Published: July 2020

Background

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have poor outcomes following myocardial infarction (MI). We performed an untargeted examination of 175 biomarkers to identify those with the strongest association with CKD and to examine the association of those biomarkers with long‐term outcomes.

Methods

A total of 175 different biomarkers from MI patients enrolled in the Swedish Web‐System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence‐Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART) registry were analysed either by a multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry assay or by a multiplex assay (proximity extension assay). Random forests statistical models were used to assess the predictor importance of biomarkers, CKD and outcomes.

Results

A total of 1098 MI patients with a median estimated glomerular filtration rate of 85 mL min−1/1.73 m2 were followed for a median of 3.2 years. The random forests analyses, without and with adjustment for differences in demography, comorbidities and severity of disease, identified six biomarkers (adrenomedullin, TNF receptor‐1, adipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein‐4, TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptor 2, growth differentiation factor‐15 and TNF receptor‐2) to be strongly associated with CKD. All six biomarkers were also amongst the 15 strongest predictors for death, and four of them were amongst the strongest predictors of subsequent MI and heart failure hospitalization.

Conclusion

In patients with MI, a proteomic approach could identify six biomarkers that best predicted CKD. These biomarkers were also amongst the most important predictors of long‐term outcomes. Thus, these biomarkers indicate underlying mechanisms that may contribute to the poor prognosis seen in patients with MI and CKD.
Individual Differences in Second Language Listening: Examining the Role of Knowledge, Metacognitive Awareness, Memory, and Attention
Authors: Wallace Matthew P.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of domain‐specific knowledge (vocabulary knowledge and topical knowledge) and domain‐general cognitive abilities (metacognitive awareness, memory, and attentional control) on second language listening comprehension. Data were collected from 226 Japanese senior high school EFL students. Data sources included a practice version of the TOEFL Junior Standard test, the Listening Vocabulary Levels Test, the Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire, memory recall tests, attentional control tests, and a study‐generated questionnaire measuring topical knowledge. Scores from these instruments were examined using structural equation modeling. The results showed that vocabulary knowledge had the strongest total effect on listening performance. Topical knowledge and attentional control also had direct effects. Only metacognitive awareness had an indirect effect on listening comprehension through topical knowledge. The findings indicate that differences in domain‐specific knowledge, particularly vocabulary knowledge, are the most important for predicting listening comprehension.
How US and Chinese Media Cover the US–China Trade Conflict: A Case Study of War and Peace Journalism Practice and the Foreign Policy Equilibrium Hypothesis
Authors: Ha Louisa , Yang Yang , Ray Rik , Matanji Frankline , Chen Peiqin , Guo Ke , Lyu Nan
Published: July 2020

This article examines the news coverage of a nonmilitary conflict: The US–China trade conflict by major news media outlets in the USA and China using the war and peace journalism framework. Role in the conflict as initiator/responder, medium difference, the press role in each press system, and partisanship of news media were hypothesized to affect the war and peace journalism practice. Moreover, the trade conflict was divided into three stages to test the applicability of the “foreign policy market equilibrium hypothesis” by analyzing the changes in the uses of sources and presence of competing frames over time. US news media were found to employ more war journalism and less peace journalism than their Chinese counterpart. They also had much lower coverage of the conflict than their Chinese counterpart. Newspapers were more likely to use war journalism than television. US partisan liberal media selectively supported and opposed the US government trade policy.
Pachydermodactyly associated with extensive computer gaming: A report of three cases
Authors: Dagrosa Alicia T. , Fraser Lindsey W. , Linos Konstantinos D. , Sriharan Aravindhan , Albert Daniel A. , Mann Julianne A.
Published: July 2020

Pachydermodactyly is an uncommon, progressive, nontender thickening of the fingers with prominent involvement of the proximal interphalangeal joints. Pachydermodactyly mimics inflammatory arthritis but plain film radiography is normal in this condition. Pachydermodactyly has been previously described in workers performing manual labor. Mechanical stimulation has been identified as a predisposing factor in the majority of cases. We present three cases in adolescent males arising in association with excessive computer gaming.
Strategies to establish and maintain trust when working in immigrant communities
Authors: D’Alonzo Karen T. , Greene Lindsey
Published: July 2020

The nursing profession has historically advocated a strong commitment to social justice. As immigration issues have become increasingly politicized, nurses are being called upon to integrate principles of social justice when caring for immigrant populations. Nurse researchers have a particular challenge in winning and maintaining trust in immigrant communities. Data from several studies suggest that erosion of trust in the health care system, due to fears of detention and deportation, is resulting in adverse health outcomes among immigrants. The purpose of this article is to discuss a variety of strategies to establish and maintain trust in immigrant communities. These strategies were developed to maintain an academic–community partnership focused around obesity prevention among Mexican immigrant families. Strategies included: (a) Conceptualize trust as a dynamic continuum; (b) recognize the scope and impact of the stressors; (c) separate fact versus fiction; (d) identify deportation‐related stressors and community responses; (e) manage trust and mistrust issues; (f) build bridges; and (g) establish a positive presence. Nurses are well poised to intervene to repair the damaged trust between immigrant communities and the health care system, using community‐based participatory methods.
Development and current state of seawater shrimp farming, with an emphasis on integrated multi‐trophic pond aquaculture farms, in China – a review
Authors: Chang Zhi‐Qiang , Neori Amir , He Yu‐Ying , Li Ji‐Tao , Qiao Ling , Preston Steven Ian , Liu Ping , Li Jian
Published: July 2020

Shrimp farming has been the fastest‐growing sector in seawater aquaculture and has contributed to improving the farmers income and the utilization efficiency of aquaculture resources in China. The shrimp industry has deployed ever‐improved and innovated methods, from extensive farming to semi‐intensive and intensive farming. Various high‐density intensive culture models, such as high‐land, greenhouse and indoor industrialized culture models, have been used for shrimp pond farming in the coastal area. However, efficiency, environmental and social considerations have led to an increasing adoption of the environmentally‐friendly culture model called integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA). This has occurred most rapidly along the northern and central coasts of China. The deployed IMTA culture models reviewed here are shrimp + crab, shrimp + fish, shrimp + sea cucumber, shrimp + jellyfish + clam, shrimp + crab + clam, shrimp + crab + clam + fish and the ridgetail white shrimp polyculture in saline alkaline water, which have been tailored to local conditions and organisms' characteristics. Suitable organism varieties and the maintenance of suitable eco‐friendly water quality have been key to success. The eco‐friendly IMTA culture models described here fully exploit the pond culture resources, to increase production with minimal additional feed and labor inputs, while reducing effluent emissions and treatment cost. The performance of shrimp IMTA models is compared to shrimp monoculture models regarding the economics. An equally important outcome of this publication is making generally accessible the findings from a vast Chinese scientific literature on shrimp culture that has hitherto been unavailable in English.
Preoperative TruCulture® whole blood cytokine response predicts post‐operative inflammation in pancreaticoduodenectomy patients—A pilot cohort study
Authors: Aasvang Eske K. , Pitter Sandra , Hansen Carsten P. , Storkholm Jan H. , Krohn Paul S. , Burgdorf Stefan K. , Von Stemann Jakob H. , Lundgren Jens D. , Nielsen Susanne D. , Kehlet Henrik , Ostrowski Sisse R.
Published: July 2020

Major surgery is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality with early post‐operative adverse events (POAE) occurring in 30% of patients within the first 30 days. The underlying pathogenesis is multifactorial, including immune dysfunction and increased inflammatory response to surgery. We investigated preoperative immune function by the TruCulture® whole blood technique in a cohort of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), hypothesizing that patients developing inflammatory POAE defined as leucocytosis, fever or high (above median) area under the curve (AUC) C‐reactive protein (CRP) the first post‐operative week would display perturbed preoperative immune function. Sixty‐two adult patients were screened, 30 included and 11 excluded post‐inclusion due to other surgical procedures than PD and post‐operative complications directly attributed to surgery, leaving 19 patients for analysis of preoperative immune function. Patients developing leucocytosis (n = 5, 26%) had lower Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐3–stimulated IL‐12p40 and higher Candida Albicans (TLR1/2/4/6, Dectin‐1)‐stimulated TNF‐α, compared to patients without leucocytosis (all P < .05). Patients developing fever (n = 7, 37%) had lower TLR7/8‐stimulated IFN‐γ and patients with high AUC CRP (n = 9, 47%) had lower TLR3‐stimulated IFN‐γ and IL‐6 and lower TLR7/8‐stimulated IL‐10 (all P < .05), compared to patients without fever or low CRP, respectively. In conclusion, patients with inflammatory POAE displayed lower preoperative stimulated IL‐12p40, IFN‐γ, IL‐6 and IL‐10 and higher TNF‐α response, compared to patients without inflammatory POAE. This finding suggests that TruCulture is a feasible immunologic screening tool in surgical patients, with a potential for preoperative identification of patients at increased risk for inflammatory POAE, allowing for risk‐based intervention trials.
The Culture‐Bound Brain: Epigenetic Proaction Revisited
Authors: Evers Kathinka
Published: July 2020

Progress in neuroscience – notably, on the dynamic functions of neural networks – has deepened our understanding of decision‐making, acquisition of character and temperament, and the development of moral dispositions. The evolution of our cerebral architecture is both genetic and epigenetic: the nervous system develops in continuous interaction with the immediate physical and socio‐cultural environments. Each individual has a unique cerebral identity even in the relative absence of genetic distinction, and the development of this identity is strongly influenced by social and cultural environments leaving major traces in the connectivity of the brain. This interaction introduces important elements of variability and plasticity. Synaptic epigenetic theories of cultural and social imprinting on our brain architecture suggest the possibility that we can be “epigenetically proactive” and adapt our social structures, in both the short and the long term, to benefit and constructively interact with the ever‐developing neuronal architecture of our brains. Epigenetic proaction can be described as a way to socially steer evolution by influencing the cultural imprints to be stored in our brains. The purpose of this article is to present, in a historical and ideological light, the idea that we may culturally shape the developing brain, and discuss some key risks and benefits of this endeavour. The article is a contribution to neuroethics.
Identification of small non‐coding RNAs responsive to GUN1 and GUN5 related retrograde signals in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Habermann Kristin , Tiwari Bhavika , Krantz Maria , Adler Stephan O. , Klipp Edda , Arif M. Asif , Frank Wolfgang
Published: July 2020

Chloroplast perturbations activate retrograde signalling pathways, causing dynamic changes of gene expression. Besides transcriptional control of gene expression, different classes of small non‐coding RNAs (sRNAs) act in gene expression control, but comprehensive analyses regarding their role in retrograde signalling are lacking. We performed sRNA profiling in response to norflurazon (NF), which provokes retrograde signals, in Arabidopsis thaliana wild type (WT) and the two retrograde signalling mutants gun1 and gun5. The RNA samples were also used for mRNA and long non‐coding RNA profiling to link altered sRNA levels to changes in the expression of their cognate target RNAs. We identified 122 sRNAs from all known sRNA classes that were responsive to NF in the WT. Strikingly, 142 and 213 sRNAs were found to be differentially regulated in both mutants, indicating a retrograde control of these sRNAs. Concomitant with the changes in sRNA expression, we detected about 1500 differentially expressed mRNAs in the NF‐treated WT and around 900 and 1400 mRNAs that were differentially regulated in the gun1 and gun5 mutants, with a high proportion (~30%) of genes encoding plastid proteins. Furthermore, around 20% of predicted miRNA targets code for plastid‐localised proteins. Among the sRNA–target pairs, we identified pairs with an anticorrelated expression as well pairs showing other expressional relations, pointing to a role of sRNAs in balancing transcriptional changes upon retrograde signals. Based on the comprehensive changes in sRNA expression, we assume a considerable impact of sRNAs in retrograde‐dependent transcriptional changes to adjust plastidic and nuclear gene expression.
Functional diversification in the Nudix hydrolase gene family drives sesquiterpene biosynthesis in Rosa × wichurana
Authors: Sun Pulu , Dégut Clément , Réty Stéphane , Caissard Jean‐Claude , Hibrand‐Saint Oyant Laurence , Bony Aurélie , Paramita Saretta N. , Conart Corentin , Magnard Jean‐Louis , Jeauffre Julien , Abd‐El‐Haliem Ahmed M. , Marie‐Magdelaine Jordan , Thouroude Tatiana , Baltenweck Raymonde , Tisné Carine , Foucher Fabrice , Haring Michel , Hugueney Philippe , Schuurink Robert C. , Baudino Sylvie
Published: July 2020

Roses use a non‐canonical pathway involving a Nudix hydrolase, RhNUDX1, to synthesize their monoterpenes, especially geraniol. Here we report the characterization of another expressed NUDX1 gene from the rose cultivar Rosa x wichurana, RwNUDX1‐2. In order to study the function of the RwNUDX1‐2 protein, we analyzed the volatile profiles of an F1 progeny generated by crossing R. chinensis cv. ‘Old Blush’ with R. x wichurana. A correlation test of the volatilomes with gene expression data revealed that RwNUDX1‐2 is involved in the biosynthesis of a group of sesquiterpenoids, especially E,E‐farnesol, in addition to other sesquiterpenes. In vitro enzyme assays and heterologous in planta functional characterization of the RwNUDX1‐2 gene corroborated this result. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was performed using the data of E,E‐farnesol contents in the progeny and a genetic map was constructed based on gene markers. The RwNUDX1‐2 gene co‐localized with the QTL for E,E‐farnesol content, thereby confirming its function in sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis in R. x wichurana. Finally, in order to understand the structural bases for the substrate specificity of rose NUDX proteins, the RhNUDX1 protein was crystallized, and its structure was refined to 1.7 Å. By molecular modeling of different rose NUDX1 protein complexes with their respective substrates, a structural basis for substrate discrimination by rose NUDX1 proteins is proposed.
Modulation of Kv3.1/Kv3.2 promotes gamma oscillations by rescuing Aβ‐induced desynchronization of fast‐spiking interneuron firing in an AD mouse model in vitro
Authors: Andrade‐Talavera Yuniesky , Arroyo‐García Luis Enrique , Chen Gefei , Johansson Jan , Fisahn André
Published: July 2020

Key points

Gamma oscillations (30–80 Hz) are important for cognitive functions and depend on the synchronized activity of fast‐spiking interneurons (FSN), which is crucial for network stability.

Gamma oscillations are degraded in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients exhibiting cognitive impairment, with the degree of cognitive decline correlating with the severity of gamma disruption in response to neurotoxic amyloid‐beta peptide (Aβ).

Small molecule compounds EX15 and RE01 modulate Kv3.1/Kv3.2 potassium channels on FSN, resulting in faster activation kinetics and increased firing frequency, suggesting direct consequences for cognition‐relevant gamma oscillations, particularly in a situation where network activity is pathologically compromised in the presence of neurotoxic Aβ.

Using electrophysiological techniques in an in vitro AD model, we found a significant effect of EX15 and RE01 with respect to counteracting toxic Aβ effects on neuronal dynamics, advocating for targeting FSN activity to rescue cognitive performance from impairment caused by neurodegenerative triggers.

Rhythmic electrical activity in neuronal networks such as gamma oscillations (30–80 Hz) underlies cognitive functions such as sensory perception, attention and memory. Gamma oscillations are disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and animal AD models, with the severity of cognitive decline correlating with the degree of rhythm disruption. Misfolded amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) is assumed to be a key trigger of AD pathology and has been show to de‐synchronize action potential firing in fast‐spiking interneurons (FSN), which is crucial for entraining neuronal network activity into the gamma rhythm. The synchronizing activity of FSN therefore has become one of the most suitable targets to counteract disease‐driven degradation of gamma oscillations and consequent cognitive decline. EX15 and RE01 are small‐molecule compounds that modulate Kv3.1/Kv3.2 potassium channels, resulting in faster activation kinetics and increased FSN firing frequency. In the present study, we investigated the potential pro‐cognitive effects of EX15 and RE01 by testing their ability to modulate FSN activity during ongoing gamma oscillations in normal and Aβ‐disrupted network states in mouse hippocampus in vitro. In the compromised, but not the uncompromised, network state with gamma oscillations partially disrupted by Aβ, both compounds improve gamma oscillation regularity by promoting re‐synchronization of FSN action potential firing. Our data suggest a therapeutic potential for compounds such as EX15 and RE01, which can rescue normal action potential firing parameters in FSN, in the search for disease‐modifying drug candidates counteracting the progressive dysfunction of neuronal network dynamics that underlies the cognitive impairment typical of AD and other cognitive brain disorders.
Scaling Effects on the Residual Thermomechanical Stress During Ice-Free Cooling to Storage Temperature
Authors: Solanki Prem K. , Rabin Yoed
Published: July 2020

Cryopreservation via vitrification (glass formation) is a promising approach for long-term preservation of large-size tissues and organs. Unfortunately, thermomechanical stress, which is driven by the tendency of materials to change size with temperature, may lead to structural failure. This study focuses on analysis of thermomechanical stress in a realistic, pillow-like shape cryobag as it is cooled to cryogenic storage, subject to sufficiently high cooling rates to facilitate vitrification. Contrary to common perception, it is demonstrated in this study that the maximum stress in the specimen does not necessarily increase with increasing size of the specimen. In fact, the maximum stress is affected by the combination of two competing effects, associated with the extent of the temperature gradients within the specimen and its overall volume. On one hand, the increase in specimen size gives rise to more prominent temperature gradients, which can intensify the thermomechanical stress. On the other hand, the temperature distribution at the core of larger specimens is more uniform, which leads to a larger portion of the specimen transitioning from fluid to a glassy material almost instantaneously, which carries a moderating effect on the overall mechanical stress at the glassy state (i.e., lower residual stress). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the role of container shape optimization in reducing the thermomechanical stress during cooling.
Paving the path to inpatient printing
Authors: Roche Ellen
Published: July 2020

3D bioprinting in situ in various tissues in a live animal enables in vivo confined cell delivery.
Adding Insult to Injury: Mechanistic Basis for How AmpC Mutations Allow Pseudomonas aeruginosa To Accelerate Cephalosporin Hydrolysis and Evade Avibactam
Authors: Slater Cole L. , Winogrodzki Judith , Fraile-Ribot Pablo A. , Oliver Antonio , Khajehpour Mazdak , Mark Brian L.
Published: July 2020

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide and notorious for its broad-spectrum resistance to antibiotics. A key mechanism that provides extensive resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is the inducible expression of AmpC β-lactamase. Recently, a number of clinical isolates expressing mutated forms of AmpC have been found to be clinically resistant to the antipseudomonal β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) combinations ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam.
The Addition of Anaerobic Blood Cultures for Pediatric Patients with Concerns for Bloodstream Infections: Prevalence and Time to Positive Cultures
Authors: Dien Bard Jennifer , Chang Todd P. , Yee Rebecca , Manshadi Keya , Lichtenfeld Nhan , Choi Hee Jae , Festekjian Ara
Published: July 2020

Anaerobes are an important but uncommon cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs). For pediatric patients, routine inclusion of an anaerobic blood culture alongside the aerobic remains controversial. We implemented automatic anaerobic blood culture alongside aerobic blood cultures in a pediatric emergency department (ED) and sought to determine changes in recovery of obligate and facultative anaerobes. This was a cohort study in a pediatric ED (August 2015 to July 2018) that began in February 2017.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three
Bacillus
Species Isolated from Biofouled Reverse-Osmosis Membranes
Authors: Rehman Zahid ur , Iftikhar Muhammad Ali , Leiknes TorOve
Published: July 2020

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of three bacteria belonging to the genus
Bacillus
which were isolated from biofouled reverse-osmosis (RO) membranes harvested from a full-scale desalination plant. The sizes of the assembled genomes for RO1, RO2, and RO3 were 4.22 Mb, 4.15 Mb, and 4.23 Mb, respectively.
Genome Sequence of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli CLR8, Isolated from the Feces of Larus argentatus
Authors: Kenzaka Takehiko
Published: July 2020

Migratory birds are potential vehicles of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, a colistin-resistant
Escherichia coli
strain, CLR8, was isolated from the feces of
Larus argentatus
. The draft genome sequence of the strain indicated that it hosts
mcr-1
, which is a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene.
Draft Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas pavanii Strain MHSD12, a Bacterial Endophyte Associated with Dicoma anomala
Authors: Maela Mehabo P. , Serepa-Dlamini Mahloro H.
Published: July 2020

Stenotrophomonas pavanii
strain MHSD12 is an endophyte isolated from
Dicoma anomala
surface-sterilized leaves. Here, we report its draft genome sequence (4.3 Mb) assembled to 30 contigs, with 3,923 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence highlights important genes for an endophytic lifestyle.
Draft Genome Sequences of Seven Strains of Dickeya dadantii, a Quick Decline-Causing Pathogen in Fruit Trees, Isolated in Japan
Authors: Fujikawa Takashi , Hatomi Hiroe , Ota Nobuyoshi
Published: July 2020

The plant-pathogenic bacterium
Dickeya dadantii
causes quick decline in fruit trees (e.g., apple, Japanese pear, and peach). In this study, we report on the draft genome sequences of seven strains of
D. dadantii
that were isolated from fruit trees with typical quick decline symptoms in Japan.
Coding-Complete Genome Sequences of Two SARS-CoV-2 Isolates from Early Manifestations of COVID-19 in Israel
Authors: Cohen-Gihon Inbar , Israeli Ofir , Shifman Ohad , Stein Dana , Achdout Hagit , Weiss Shay , Mandelboim Michal , Erster Oran , Regev-Yochay Gili , Segal Gad , Yitzhaki Shmuel , Shapira Shmuel C. , Beth-Din Adi , Zvi Anat
Published: July 2020

We announce the genome sequences of two strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolated in Israel, one imported by a traveler who returned from Japan and the second strain collected from a patient infected by a traveler returning from Italy. The sequences obtained are valuable as early manifestations for future follow-up of the local spread of the virus in Israel.
46, XY complete gonadal dysgenesis with pubertal virilisation due to dysgerminoma/gonadoblastoma
Authors: Alam Sarah , Boro Hiya , Goyal Alpesh , Khadgawat Rajesh
Published: July 2020

Complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD) or Swyer syndrome is characterised by sexual infantilism in a phenotypic female with 46, XY karyotype. Patients with gonadal dysgenesis and Y-chromosome material are at a high risk of developing gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma. A 16-year-old girl presented with progressive virilisation, poor breast development and primary amenorrhea. On evaluation, she was found to have male-range serum testosterone, large abdominopelvic mass lesion, elevated germ cell tumour markers and 46, XY karyotype. She underwent surgical excision of left gonadal mass and right streak gonad, histopathology of which revealed dysgerminoma and gonadoblastoma, respectively. A diagnosis of virilising germ cell tumour arising in the setting of 46, XY CGD was, therefore, made. This case highlights a rare presentation of 46, XY CGD and the need to consider early prophylactic gonadectomy in patients affected with this rare condition. The presence of dysgerminoma/gonadoblastoma should be suspected if a hitherto phenotypic female with CGD undergoes virilisation.
Diabetes mellitus among adults with tuberculosis in the USA, 2010–2017
Authors: Armstrong Lori R , Kammerer J Steve , Haddad Maryam B
Published: July 2020

Introduction

To describe diabetes trends among adults with incident tuberculosis (TB) disease and examine diabetes-associated TB characteristics and patient outcomes in the USA.

Research design and methods

We examined all 71 855 persons aged ≥20 years with incident TB disease reported to the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System during 2010–2017. We performed multivariable logistic regression, comparing characteristics and outcomes among patients with TB reported to have diabetes and those whose diabetes status was unknown.

Results

An overall 18% (n=13 281) of the 71 855 adults with incident TB disease were reported as also having diabetes; the annual proportion increased from 15% in 2010 to 22% in 2017. Among patients aged ≥45 years with both TB and diabetes, the adjusted OR for cavitary or sputum smear-positive TB was 1.7 and 1.5, respectively (95% CIs 1.5 to 1.8 and 1.4 to 1.6). Patients with TB and diabetes had 30% greater odds of dying and took longer to achieve negativeMycobacterium tuberculosiscultures and complete treatment.

Conclusions

The prevalence of reported diabetes among adults with TB disease has increased. Having diabetes as a comorbidity negatively affects patient outcomes. In accordance with national recommendations, all patients aged ≥45 years and all younger patients who have risk factors for diabetes should be screened for diabetes at the start of TB treatment.
Peer Mentoring for Professional and Personal Growth in Academic Medicine
Authors: Cree-Green Melanie , Carreau Anne-Marie , Davis Shanlee M , Frohnert Brigitte I , Kaar Jill L , Ma Nina S , Nokoff Natalie J , Reusch Jane E B , Simon Stacey L , Nadeau Kristen J
Published: July 2020

Mentorship is a critical component of career development, particularly in academic medicine. Peer mentorship, which does not adhere to traditional hierarchies, is perhaps more accessible for underrepresented groups, including women and minorities. In this article, we review various models of peer mentorship, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. Structured peer mentorship groups exist in different settings, such as those created under the auspices of formal career development programs, part of training grant programs, or through professional societies. Social media has further enabled the establishment of informal peer mentorship through participatory online groups, blogs, and forums that provide platforms for peer-to-peer advice and support. Such groups can evolve rapidly to address changing conditions, as demonstrated by physician listserv and Facebook groups related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Peer mentorship can also be found among colleagues brought together through a common location, interest, or goal, and typically these relationships are informal and fluid. Finally, we highlight here our experience with intentional formation of a small peer mentoring group that provides structure and a safe space for professional and social-emotional growth and support. In order to maximize impact and functionality, this model of peer mentorship requires commitment among peers and a more formalized process than many other peer mentoring models, accounting for group dynamics and the unique needs of members. When done successfully, the depth of these mentoring relationships can produce myriad benefits for individuals with careers in academic medicine including, but not limited to, those from underrepresented backgrounds.
Impact of beta blockers on patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: the OCEAN-TAVI registry
Authors: Saito Tetsuya , Yoshijima Nobuhiro , Hase Hiromu , Yashima Fumiaki , Tsuruta Hikaru , Shimizu Hideyuki , Fukuda Keiichi , Naganuma Toru , Mizutani Kazuki , Araki Motoharu , Tada Norio , Yamanaka Futoshi , Shirai Shinichi , Tabata Minoru , Ueno Hiroshi , Takagi Kensuke , Higashimori Akihiro , Watanabe Yusuke , Yamamoto Masanori , Hayashida Kentaro
Published: July 2020

Objective

There is paucity of data on optimal medical treatment, including use of beta blockers for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The study aimed to investigate the association of beta blockers and clinical outcomes following TAVR.

Methods

We examined data of 2563 patients who underwent TAVR between October 2013 and May 2017 obtained from a prospective multicentre cohort registry, the optimised catheter valvular intervention-TAVI registry. We compared the 2-year cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality and in-hospital outcomes between patients with and without preprocedural beta-blocker administration by propensity score matching (PSM).

Results

Preprocedural beta blockers were prescribed in 867 patients (33.8%). After PSM, the incidence of in-hospital congestive heart failure was significantly lower in patients with preprocedural beta blocker (p=0.046). No differences were found in 2-year cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. In the subgroup analyses, beta-blocker administration was associated with a lower cardiovascular mortality within 2 years in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG; log-rank p=0.017), presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD; log-rank p=0.003) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ≥400 pg/mL (log-rank p=0.003). When stratified by postprocedural left ventricular ejection fraction (post-LVEF), beta-blocker administration was associated with a lower cardiovascular mortality among patients with post-LVEF <50% (log-rank p=0.024).

Conclusions

Preprocedural beta-blocker administration was not associated with 2-year cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in overall, but was associated with a lower 2-year cardiovascular mortality in patients with a history of CABG, presence of PAD, BNP ≥400 pg/mL and post-LVEF <50%. The findings must be validated using randomised trials.
The influences of chokeberry extract supplementation on redox status and body composition in handball players during competition phase
Authors: Cikiriz Nikola , Milosavljevic Isidora , Jakovljevic Biljana , Bolevich Stefani , Jeremic Jovana , Nikolic Turnic Tamara , Mitrovic Miroslav , Srejovic Ivan , Bolevich Sergey , Jakovljevic Vladimir
Published: July 2020

The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of 12 weeks of consumption of chokeberry extract on redox status, body composition, lipid profile, and biochemical parameters in active handball players. The study included 16 handball players aged 16–24 years (20.26 ± 2.86 years). Every morning before training, players received 30 mL of liquid chokeberry extract for 12 weeks during the regular competition season. The research consisted of morphofunctional and biochemical testing, which was performed at three points (at the beginning of the study and at 6 and 12 weeks after extract consumption). After the chokeberry extract treatment, we observed significant changes in three main aspects. The 12 week supplementation with chokeberry extract decreased the levels of prooxidants (TBARS and nitrites) and increased catalase activity. Analyzing the dynamic of body composition showed a decrease in body fat (9.4 ± 0.5 vs. 7.3 ± 0.6 kg) as well as its percent in a body (11.4 ± 0.4% vs. 8.8 ± 0.4%). On the other hand, the analysis showed an increase of high-density lipoprotein (1.3 ± 0.3 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2 mmol/L) and hemoglobin (144.4 ± 11.7 vs. 151.7 ± 9.9 g/L) after 6 weeks of treatment. At the same time, a decrease in leukocytes (7.2 × 109 ± 2.8 vs. 6.5 ± 1.2 × 109/L) and an increase in red blood cells count (4.9 ± 0.4 × 109 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5 × 109/L) were observed. Overall, these results emphatically show that the use of chokeberry extract dietary supplement induced a wide range of beneficial effects in the examined group of athletes.
The possible protective effect of colchicine against liver damage induced by renal ischemia–reperfusion injury: role of Nrf2 and NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Awad Azza Sayed , Elariny Hemat A. , Sallam Amany Said
Published: July 2020

Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) induces an inflammatory response and production of reactive oxygen species, which affects the organs remote to the sites of renal IR. However, remote effects of renal IRI on the liver need further investigations. Renal injury associated with liver disease is a common clinical problem. Colchicine is an established drug for microtubule stabilization that may reduce tissue injury and has antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was (i) to assess the hepatic changes after induction of renal IRI, (ii) to explore the possible protective effect of colchicine on liver injury following renal IRI, and (iii) to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the potential effect. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group, colchicine-treated group, IR group, and colchicine-treated IR group. Colchicine treatment improved liver function (ALT/AST) after renal IRI, decreased hepatic oxidative stress and cell apoptosis by reducing hepatic MDA, upregulating hepatic total antioxidant capacity, Nrf2, and HO-1. Furthermore, colchicine inhibited inflammatory responses by downregulating hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, and caspase-1. Colchicine attenuates renal IRI-induced liver injury in rats. This effect may be due to reducing inflammation and oxidative stress markers.
Active phase field crystal systems with inertial delay and underdamped dynamics
Authors: Arold Dominic , Schmiedeberg Michael
Published: July 2020

Active matter systems often are well approximated as overdamped, meaning that any inertial momentum is immediately dissipated by the environment. On the other hand, especially for macroscopic systems but also for many mesoscopic ones particle mass can become relevant for the dynamics. For such systems we recently proposed an underdamped continuum model which captures translationally inertial dynamics via two contributions. First, convection and second a damping time scale of inertial motion. In this paper, we ask how both of these features influence the collective behavior compared to overdamped dynamics by studying the example of the active phase field crystal model. We first focus on the case of suppressed convection to study the role of the damping time. We quantify that the relaxation process to the steady collective motion state is considerably prolonged with damping time due to the increasing occurrence of transient groups of circularly moving density peaks. Finally, we illustrate the fully underdamped case with convection. Instead of collective motion of density peaks we then find a coexistence of constant high and low density phases reminiscent of motility-induced phase separation.

Graphical abstract
DYNAMICAL STUDY OF DISCRETE-TIME PREY–PREDATOR MODEL WITH CONSTANT PREY REFUGE UNDER IMPRECISE BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: SANTRA P. K. , MAHAPATRA G. S.
Published: July 2020

The objective of this paper is to study the dynamical properties of a discrete-time prey–predator model under imprecise biological parameters. We consider refuge for prey species as a constant number. The equilibria of the model are obtained, and the dynamic behaviors of the proposed system are examined for the interval biological parameters. Simulations of the model are performed for different parameters of the model. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed discrete model exhibits rich dynamics of a chaotic and complex nature.
Synthesis of a dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole-based conjugated polymer and characterization of its short wave near-infrared fluorescence properties
Authors: Gu Chuantao , Zheng Chunying , Liu Bing , Feng Tingyu , Ma Jiping , Sun Haofen
Published: July 2020

Short wave near-infrared (SWIR, 900–1700[Formula: see text]nm) fluorescence imaging has attracted extensive research interest from scientists due to its high imaging quality. However, the variety of SWIR fluorescence imaging agents are quite limited and the corresponding quantum efficiency is relatively low. In this work, a novel conjugated polymer PDTSDTBT was reported, consisting of a donor unit with a tetrahedral Si (sp3) named DTS and an acceptor unit named DTBT with branched side chains. The design approach of endowing the donor–acceptor structure with the branched side chains successfully increase the fluorescence quantum efficiency. The polymer was prepared into nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation. The PDTSDTBT nanoparticles showed an absorption peak of 626[Formula: see text]nm and fluorescence emission peak of 924[Formula: see text]nm. The quantum efficiency of the nanoparticles is 0.53%, which is higher than that of nanotube fluorophores (0.4%). The nanoparticles also demonstrate a photothermal effect, the temperature of nanoparticles solution could reach [Formula: see text]C under excitation by 660[Formula: see text]nm laser. Therefore, the PDTSDTBT nanoparticles is an excellent fluorescent imaging agent with potential photothermal applications.
Surface nitridation of Ta powder by molten-salt electrolysis of Ta2O5 under N2 atmosphere
Authors: Huang Qing , Zheng Guojin , Wu Tian
Published: July 2020

The electro-deoxidation of Ta2O5 in molten CaCl2 under N2 atmosphere is a facile way for the in situ surface nitridation of Ta particles. The cell voltage and electrolysis time of Ta2O5 are rationalized to realize the in situ surface nitridation of Ta. All the characterization results including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elements mapping as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirm the formation of Ta2N layers on the surface of Ta particles, with the thickness of 3–4[Formula: see text]nm. This method provides a strategy for the facile in situ surface nitridation with N2 as the nitrogen source for the fabrication of core-shell structured catalysts.
Mapping county-level mobility pattern changes in the United States in response to COVID-19
Authors: Gao Song , Rao Jinmeng , Kang Yuhao , Liang Yunlei , Kruse Jake
Published: July 2020

To contain the COVID-19 epidemic, one of the non-pharmacological epidemic control measures is reducing the transmission rate of SARS-COV-2 in the population through social distancing. An interactive web-based mapping platform that provides timely quantitative information on how people in different counties and states reacted to the social distancing guidelines was developed by the GeoDS Lab @UW-Madison with the support of the National Science Foundation RAPID program. The web portal integrates geographic information systems (GIS) and daily updated human mobility statistical patterns (median travel distance and stay-at-home dwell time) derived from large-scale anonymized and aggregated smartphone location big data at the county-level in the United States, and aims to increase risk awareness of the public, support data-driven public health and governmental decision-making, and help enhance community responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Disequilibrium between the classic renin-angiotensin system and its opposing arm in SARS-CoV-2-related lung injury
Authors: Sarzani Riccardo , Giulietti Federico , Di Pentima Chiara , Giordano Piero , Spannella Francesco
Published: July 2020

A dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been involved in the genesis of lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome from different causes, including several viral infections. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of pneumocytes, the hallmark of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involving both alveolar interstitium and capillaries, is linked to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding and its functional downregulation. ACE2 is a key enzyme for the balance between the two main arms of the RAS: the ACE/angiotensin (Ang) II/Ang II type 1 receptor axis (“classic RAS”) and the ACE2/Ang(1–7)/Mas receptor (MasR) axis (“anti-RAS”). The ACE2 downregulation, as a result of SARS-coronaviruses binding, enhances the classic RAS, leading to lung damage and inflammation with leaky pulmonary blood vessels and fibrosis, when the attenuation mediated by the anti-RAS arm is reduced. ACE inhibitors (ACE-I) and Ang II type 1 receptor blockers (ARB), effective in cardiovascular diseases, were found to prevent and counteract acute lung injury in several experimental models by restoring the balance between these two opposing arms. The evidence of RAS arm disequilibrium in COVID-19 and the hypothesis of a beneficial role of RAS modulation supported by preclinical and clinical studies are the focus of the present review. Preclinical and clinical studies on drugs balancing RAS arms might be the right way to counter COVID-19.
Reconstruction of Extreme Rainfall Event on September 19-20, 2017, Using a Weather Radar in Bengkulu of Sumatra Island
Authors: Paski Jaka A. I. , Alfahmi Furqon , Permana Donaldi S. , Makmur Erwin E. S.
Published: July 2020

Extreme rainfall accompanied by strong winds hit the province of Bengkulu in the western coastal area of Sumatera Island during September 19-20, 2017, causing floods and landslides in Seluma and Central Bengkulu district. This extreme rainfall was recorded by Bengkulu Meteorological Station about 257.0 mm day−1 using rain-gauge observation. The spatial distribution of extreme rainfall cannot be seen if only using a rain-gauge observation in this location. The spatial distribution of extreme rainfall is needed to identify the impact of rainfall on landslides in large areas. The study aims to (1) develop the reconstruction of the spatial distribution of extreme rainfall using weather radar and (2) investigate the trigger that caused extreme rainfall by analyzing the synoptic-scale tropical waves. Each weather radar datum is saved in a Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator (CAPPI). To get rainfall information, the CAPPI must be derived from Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) values. In this paper, we derived CAPPI using a Marshall-Palmer reflectivity-rain rate relationship. The result shows that rainfall formed on September 20, 2017, 21.00 UTC with total daily rainfall ranged between 176 and 247 mm in both districts and the mean of total daily rainfall has exceeded the average of monthly rainfall. The analysis of tropical waves suggests that only Kelvin waves were active and served as a possible trigger factor while the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and Equatorial Rossby (ER) waves were inactive during this extreme rainfall.
Predictors of Outcome in Clinically Diagnosed Viral Encephalitis Patients: A 5‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: Feng Guibo , Zhou Lunqin , Li Feng , Hu Yida , Wang Xuefeng , Tian Xin
Published: July 2020

Background. Viral encephalitis is the most common infectious disease of the central nervous system and is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and disability. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics, auxiliary examinations, therapeutic management, and outcomes of patients clinically diagnosed with viral encephalitis and identify the outcome predictors. Methods. We conducted a prospective observational study by collecting information from patients clinically diagnosed with viral encephalitis at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2013 to December 2018. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors that influenced good patient outcomes (mRS < 3) and poor patient outcomes (mRS ≥ 3) at discharge. Results. In total, 216 patients were enrolled in the study. The multivariate analysis suggested that the following factors were associated with a poor outcome: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (OR 0.154, 95% CI (0.078‐0.302), and P < 0.001), focal neurological deficits (OR 9.403, 95% CI (1.581‐55.928), and P = 0.014), and total length of hospital stay (OR 1.119, 95% CI (1.002‐1.250), and P = 0.045). However, neurological intensive care unit (NICU) treatment, status epilepticus, and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings did not influence the prognosis of patients. Conclusion. Our study suggests that low GCS scores at admission, focal neurological deficits at admission, and a prolonged total hospital stay are predictors of a poor outcome at discharge in clinically diagnosed viral encephalitis patients. Whether early and effective neurological rehabilitation can improve the prognosis of viral encephalitis patients with focal neurological deficits remains to be confirmed in further studies.
Overview of Hyperspectral Image Classification
Authors: Lv Wenjing , Wang Xiaofei
Published: July 2020

With the development of remote sensing technology, the application of hyperspectral images is becoming more and more widespread. The accurate classification of ground features through hyperspectral images is an important research content and has attracted widespread attention. Many methods have achieved good classification results in the classification of hyperspectral images. This paper reviews the classification methods of hyperspectral images from three aspects: supervised classification, semisupervised classification, and unsupervised classification.