bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Cómo narrar la realidad económica? Sobre la importancia de la discusión de los marcos y los encuadramientos cognitivos en economía
Authors: Guevara Castañeda Camilo Andrés
Published: March 2021

Este artículo pretende aportar a la conversación sobre los encuadramientos mentales y al debate reciente en epistemología de la economía. A diferencia de propuestas como la de Tony Lawson, quien pretende mostrar que el punto central de las divergencias entre el análisis ortodoxo y heterodoxo en economía se debe al tipo de ontología que se asume, intentamos mostrar que un elemento central de esta divergencia se encuentra en los encuadramientos cognitivos con los que se piensa y discute. Se han escogido algunos casos teóricos y de análisis en los que se muestran cómo los “hechos” son descritos con relación a un marco cognitivo, lo que señala las diferencias en los puntos de partida al analizar la realidad. El objetivo del artículo está en comprender que hablamos dentro de marcos cognitivos que nos condicionan y las discusiones que damos, y que generalmente terminan invisibilizando otras maneras de mirar, de plantear preguntas e iniciar conversaciones.
Copper Recovery Through Smelter Slag Flotation in Atacama, Chile: An Industrial Case Study
Authors: Pavez Osvaldo , Herrera Pablo , González Miguel , Rivera Oscar
Published: March 2021

Copper slag flotation was studied on an industrial scale at a concentrator plant in the region of Atacama, Chile. This study consisted of the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterization of the copper slag, along with preliminary flotation tests. This article focuses on industrial flotation, which consisted of two oneyear campaigns (2016 and 2017). The first campaign was carried out using an existing copper slag flotation circuit in the plant. During the second campaign (2017), a circuit for sulfide ore flotation with an additional columnar flotation cleaning stage was evaluated. Results showed an improvement in metallurgical parameters on the second campaign (including improvements in processing capacity, concentrate copper grade, and metallurgical recovery). From the industrial copper slag flotation campaigns, it was concluded that it is possible to obtain a commercialquality copper concentrate, suitable for further processing in a copper smelter. This mitigates certain environmental impacts of copper processing.
PLL wrap function for synchronization in phase jump disturbances
Authors: Rueda Germán Clementina , Rivas Cambero Iván de Jesús , Gabbar Hossam A. , Arroyo Núñez José Humberto
Published: March 2021

Synchrony plays a major role in the interconnection process between local electric power generation systems and the electrical grid. Grid phase disturbances prevent the generation system from maintaining synchrony. Therefore, an efficient phase tracking method is necessary in order to detect phase jumps and abrupt changes in amplitude. In this paper, we propose a software-designed method to strengthen phase tracking based on the wrap process of a second-level Phase Locked Loop (PLL). The term ‘wrap’ means establishing the phase values of the reference signal in intervals of π to match it with the values obtained from the PLL output (sync pulse). To quantify phase error, a mathematical transformation of the time domain to the frequency domain is implemented. The validity of the proposed wrap function is verified using electrical disturbances.
Analysis of the efficiency of traffic lights turning red in case of exceeding speed limit
Authors: Pérez-Acebo Heriberto , Otxoa-Muñoz Xabier , Marquina-Llaguno Mikel , Gonzalo-Orden Hernán
Published: March 2021

Due to the presence of various traffic calming measures (TCM) and traffic lights in urban areas, the speed of vehicles is maintained low. Nevertheless, a problem arises in the frontier between urban and non-urban areas because drivers must adapt their speed and behavior to new conditions. This risk becomes even greater in rural roads that penetrate small villages without a bypass and with a short urban segment, since drivers do not normally speed down in these segments. Various measures can be installed, but traffic lights that turn red if the speed limit is exceeded is not usually considered as a TCM in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the efficiency of traffic lights turning red in case of exceeding speed limit. The village of Ábalos in Spain was selected for this research, with an urban area of 630 m and this type of traffic lights in both directions. Results showed that drivers do not respect the speed limit - and hence, the red light - when they are placed separately. However, if they are placed next to a crosswalk, their effect is increased. Consequently, it is recommended to place these traffic lights with a crosswalk to reinforce the efficiency of both TCMs.
Maternidades contemporáneas y redes sociales virtuales: “no era la única que estaba pasando por eso”
Authors: Munoz Zapata Doris Elena , Ariza Sosa Gladys Rocío
Published: March 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre los significados y aportes atribuidos a las redes sociales virtuales sobre maternidades y crianza por mujeres colombianas. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa y se analizaron 17 entrevistas, un grupo focal y publicaciones realizadas durante nueve meses en un grupo de Facebook y dos grupos de WhatsApp sobre maternidades. Se concluye que estos espacios virtuales proveen el apoyo social que las mujeres no encontraron en sus redes presenciales, y que pueden constituir escenarios contrahegemónicos frente a las maternidades y la crianza tradicionales.
Modification of the effects of aflatoxin B1 on the glutathione system and its regulatory genes by zeolite
Authors: Kövesi Benjámin , Kulcsár Szabina , Cserháti Mátyás , Erdélyi Márta , Ancsin Zsolt , Zándoki Erika , Mézes Miklós , Balogh Krisztián
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the present study was to use oxidative stress markers for investigating the effect of zeolite (315 mg/kg of complete feed) in the case of aflatoxin B1 contamination (92 μg/kg complete feed). In a 21-day feeding trial with broiler chickens, oxidative stress parameters such as conjugated dienes, conjugated trienes, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity were not changed significantly by supplementation with this mycotoxin absorbent. The relative gene expression of transcription factors KEAP1 and NRF2 was not modified by the absorbent either. Still, the expression of GSS, GSR and GPX4 genes increased significantly due to the aluminosilicate supplementation. The results suggest that zeolite reduced lipid peroxidation in the blood plasma but not in the red blood cell haemolysate or the kidney. The relative expression of the genes encoding the glutathione redox system also changed as a result of zeolite supplementation, but these changes were not found at the protein level.
High-dose ACEi might be harmful in COVID-19 patients with serious respiratory distress syndrome by leading to excessive bradykinin receptor activation
Authors: Székács B. , Várbíró S. , Debreczeni L.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

We aimed to critically review the available information on the potential contribution of excessive kallikrein-kinin systems (KKSs) activation to severe respiratory inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the likely consequence of ACE inhibition in seriously affected patients.

Methods

The literature related to the above topic was reviewed including papers that analysed the connections, actions, interactions, consequences and occasionally suggestions for rational interventions.

Results/Conclusion

Severe broncho-alveolar inflammation seems to be caused, at least in part, by upregulation of the KKS that increases plasma and/or local tissue concentrations of bradykinin (BK) in patients with COVID-19 infection. Besides KKS activation, suppression of ACE activity results in decreased bradykinin degradation, and these changes in concert can lead to excessive BK B1 and B2 receptor (BKB1R/BKB2R) activation. Aminopeptidase P (APP), and carboxypeptidase N also degrade bradykinin, but their protein expression and activity are unclear in COVID-19 infection. On the other hand, ACE2 expression is upregulated in patients with COVID-19 infection, so ACE2 activity is unlikely to be decreased despite blockade of part of ACE2 by the virus for entry into the cells. ACE2 cleaves lys-des-arginine9BK and arg-des-arginine9BK, the active metabolites of bradykinin, which stimulate the BKB1R receptor. Stimulation of BKB1R/BKB2R can exacerbate the pulmonary inflammatory response by causing vascular leakage and edema, vasodilation, smooth muscle spasm and stimulation of pain afferent nerves. Despite all uncertainties, it seems rational to treat comorbid COVID patients with serious respiratory distress syndrome with ARBs instead of high-dose ACE inhibitor (ACEi) that will further decrease bradykinin degradation and enhance BKB1R/BKB2R activation, but ACEi may not be contraindicated in patients with mild pulmonary symptoms.
Inhibition of connexin 43 induces hearing loss in postnatal mice
Authors: Wang J. , Song Q.
Published: March 2021

Background

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the family of connexins, constituting gap junctions and mediating cell communication, still its role in hearing loss has been little studied.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression pattern of Cx43. Spiral ganglia neurons (SGNs) and Corti co-culture were utilized to assay the re-innervation of hair cells by newborn SGNs. Gap19 was utilized to inhibit Cx43 hemichannels. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and endocochlear potential (E.P.) were measured to confirm the hearing loss.

Results

The expression of Cx43 in P14 mice was higher than in P0 and P28 (adult) mice, the earlier time point coinciding with the early inner ear development. Additionally, the growth and synapse generation of fibers were inhibited after Gap 19 treatment of the co-cultures of the Corti and SGNs from newborn mice. Furthermore, the inhibition of Cx43 could increase the ABR threshold and decrease E.P. level in postnatal mice, whereas such an effect was not observed in adult mice.

Conclusion

The function of Cx43 is critical during the early development of mouse cochlea but is dispensable in adult mice.
Timing of magmatism of the Ditrău Alkaline Massif, Romania – A review based on new U–Pb and K/Ar data
Authors: Pál-Molnár Elemér , Kiri Luca , Lukács Réka , Dunkl István , Batki Anikó , Szemerédi Máté , Almási Enikő Eszter , Sogrik Edina , Harangi Szabolcs
Published: March 2021

The timing of Triassic magmatism of the Ditrău Alkaline Massif (Eastern Carpathians, Romania) is important for constraining the tectonic framework and emplacement context of this igneous suite during the closure of Paleotethys and coeval continental rifting, as well as formation of back-arc basins.

Our latest geochronological data refine the previously reported ages ranging between 237.4 ± 9.1 and 81.3 ± 3.1 Ma. New K/Ar and U–Pb age data combined with all recently (post-1990) published ages indicate a relatively short magmatic span (between 238.6 ± 8.9 Ma and 225.3 ± 2.7 Ma; adding that the most relevant U–Pb ages scatter around ∼230 Ma) of the Ditrău Alkaline Massif. The age data complemented by corresponding palinspastic reconstructions shed light on the paleogeographic environment wherein the investigated igneous suite was formed.

The magmatism of the Ditrău Alkaline Massif could be associated with an intra-plate, rift-related extensional tectonic setting at the southwestern margin of the East European Craton during the Middle–Late Triassic (Ladinian–Norian) period.
Influence of the hydrocarbons diesel, gasoline, and benzene on the growth and mineral and antioxidant concentrations of tomato plants
Authors: MORELOS-MORENO Álvaro , MARTEL-VALLES José F. , MORALES Isidro , FOROUGHBAKHCH-POURNAVAB Rahim , BENAVIDES-MENDOZA Adalberto
Published: March 2021

The produced water is obtained during the extraction process of hydrocarbons, whose characteristics, composition and concentration depend on the reservoir that contains them. The waters produced contain hydrocarbons and heavy metals, and may contain essential elements for plant nutrition. Some studies indicate that for plants the most toxic components of the produced water are the hydrocarbons. This research aimed to evaluate the response in the pH and the electrical conductivity (EC) of irrigation leachate, morphological variables, mineral concentration and the generation of antioxidants in the tomato plants treated with diesel, gasoline and benzene in concentrations of 15 and 30 mg L-1, simulating the use of water produced for irrigation. An analysis of variance and tests of means of least significant difference was performed. The hydrocarbon treated plants reached the fifth cut of ripe fruits, except the treatment of diesel at 30 mg L-1, in which only 45% of the plants survived, and only the first harvest of ripe fruits was obtained. According to their type and concentration, the hydrocarbons produced both favourable and unfavourable changes in the pH, EC, stem diameter, plant height and dry fruit weight. Also, the hydrocarbons produced both beneficial and detrimental changes in the mineral concentration of the plants; however, the hydrocarbons inhibited the mineral concentration in the fruits. The level of ascorbate in the fruits was decreased, and the diesel treatments limited the accumulation of lycopene.
Antioxidants in processed fruit, essential oil, and seed oils of feijoa
Authors: GUERRA-RAMÍREZ Diana , GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA Karla E. , MEDRANO-HERNÁNDEZ Jessica M. , FAMIANI Franco , CRUZ-CASTILLO Juan G.
Published: March 2021

The degradation of nutraceutical properties during processing of the fruits of feijoa (Acca sellowiana), and the characterization of seed oils, and volatile compounds were evaluated. In feijoa fruit dehydrated by a standard convective air process, the total phenols and total flavonoids declined 42%, and the antioxidant capacity determined by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP declined 26% with respect to lyophilized fruit. In feijoa jam, the reduction of total phenols and flavonoids was 52%, and the reduction in antioxidant capacity was 72%. Vitamin C in the jam was also reduced by the processing. Feijoa seeds had 69.4% unsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic (46.2%) and linolenic (3.7%) acids. Behenic acid was also detected in the seeds but in small amounts (0.91%). The feijoa skin had 31 volatile compounds in two orchards with different climate, one in a tropical highland and the other in a temperate zone. The extraction yield was on average 0.45%. The major compounds in the essential oil of the feijoa skin were 3-hexen-1-yl benzoate, elixene, spathulenol, D-germacrene and alpha-cadinol. In general, the concentration of volatile oils was higher in the temperate zone.
QTL underlying iron toxicity tolerance at seedling stage in backcross recombinant inbred lines (BRILs) population of rice using high density genetic map
Authors: RASHEED Adnan , WASSAN Ghulam M. , KHANZADA Hira , SOLANGI Abdul M. , AAMER Muhammad , HAN Ruicai , BIAN Jianmin , WU Ziming
Published: March 2021

Fe is a trace element considered to be essential for rice, and it drives several metabolic processes. Fe toxicity occurs due to excessive Fe ions (Fe2+) and which, disturb cellular homeostasis and dramatically reduces the rice yield. A set of 118 BRILs made from a cross of japonica cv.’02428’ and indica ‘Changhui 891’ was used with high density bin map constructed by using high quality SNP to identify the QTL for Fe toxicity tolerance. As a whole total of 23 QTL were identified for various seedling traits, 3 under control with phenotypic difference ranging from 14.21% to 62.46%, 11 QTL under stress with phenotypic difference ranging from 7.89% to 47.39% and 9 under stressed/control ratio with phenotypic variance ranging from 9.17% to 183.50%. LOD values of QTL ranging from 4.05 to 17.04 in control, 3.41 to 8.09 in stress and 2.84 to131.63 in stress/control ratio. Shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), and root dry weight (RDW), were used to estimate the degree of Fe tolerance. Many stable QTL, qSSDW-4, qSSDW-6, qRSDW-4 and qRSDW-6 affecting SDW were detected and beside this some new QTL, qRSFW-1, qRRFW-10 and qRRDW-1 were successfully identified significantly contributing to Fe toxicity tolerance in rice. The results of current study indicated that these novel regions could be transferred via markers assisted section and QTL pyramiding to develop Fe resistant lines in rice.
Comparative study of polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in fruits of Arbutus unedo, A. andrachne and their natural hybrid A.× andrachnoides
Authors: BERTSOUKLIS Konstantinos F. , DASKALAKIS Ioannis , BINIARI Katerina , PAPAFOTIOU Maria
Published: March 2021

Fruits of the three Arbutus species native in the Eastern Mediterranean region, i.e. Arbutus andrachne, A. unedo and their natural hybrid A. × andrachnoides, collected from two different regions in Greece (Kalamos and Varympompi), were analysed comparatively in order to determine their phenolic profile and measure the antioxidant activity using two different single electron transfer-based assays, ferric reducing ability (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazil radical scavenging capacity (DPPH). The pomological characteristics of the hybrid were similar to A. andrachne, while A. unedo had about 2.0-2.5 times larger fruits, with 20% more moisture being 175% heavier. All three species and their biotypes from the two areas had high phenolic content and antioxidant properties and were clearly pulled in different groups. Total flavanols scored a very strong correlation to antioxidant capacity. Highest total flavanols concentrations were found in A. andrachne fruits, while the hybrid had similar concentrations with A. unedo. In samples from Kalamos, concerning condensed tannins, total flavones, flavonols, phenolics and antioxidant capacity FRAP, as well as total anthocyanin and delphinidin 3-O-galactoside, the hybrid presented average values compared to the two parental species, while A. andrachne had the highest values. A strong correlation was found between ortho-diphenols and total soluble solids, as well as of total phenolics and flavonoids with total anthocyanins. The polyphenolic content and the antioxidant capacity varied in different biotypes. A. andrachne biotype from Kalamos showed the highest antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin potential. All A. unedo biotypes and A. × andrachnoides from Varympompi showed higher concentrations of ascorbic acid compared to the other biotypes.
A biopolymer with antimicrobial properties and plant resistance inducer against phytopathogens: Chitosan
Authors: TORRES-RODRIGUEZ Juan A. , REYES-PÉREZ Juan J. , CASTELLANOS Thelma , ANGULO Carlos , QUIÑONES-AGUILAR Evangelina E. , HERNANDEZ-MONTIEL Luis G.
Published: March 2021

Some synthetic fungicides have been currently prohibited due to their adverse effects; thus, searching for alternatives to decrease their application is a priority worldwide. An alternative to the application of synthetic fungicides is chitosan -a natural biopolymer- because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. Chitosan has been used in different industries, such as cosmetology, pharmaceutics, food, among others. In agriculture, it has been used as a resistance inductor and bio-fungicide because of its antimicrobial activity and for plant development as growth promoter. Although many works have been published on chitosan for its characteristics and mode of action, the direct effects on agriculture -both in plant and fruit phytopathogens- have not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize recent advances and achievements of chitosan application in agriculture with special attention to its antimicrobial properties and plant defence induction mechanisms.
Quality attributes during maturation of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Red Delicious’ apples grown in two geographical regions with different environmental conditions
Authors: MOLINA-CORRAL Francisco J. , ESPINO-DÍAZ Miguel , JACOBO Juan L. , MATTINSON Scott D. , FELLMAN John K. , SEPÚLVEDA David R. , GONZÁLEZ-AGUILAR Gustavo A. , SALAS-SALAZAR Nora A. , OLIVAS Guadalupe I.
Published: March 2021

Apples have distinctive quality attributes that may be defined by environmental conditions of the geographical regions where fruits are cultivated, such as temperature, solar radiation, photoperiod, and photothermic units. A three-year study was conducted to compare ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Red Delicious’ apples from two different regions, Washington, USA (WA) and Chihuahua, Mexico (CHIH). Apple samples were harvested weekly from early August to late October (~120-180 days after full bloom - DAFB), and analysed for quality parameters. Geographic environmental data were obtained, and photoperiod, solar radiation, degree-days and photothermal units were calculated. Results show quality differences between CHIH and WA apples. WA shows a ~5-week delay in apple bloom, possibly due to the lower temperatures presented in WA. Apples from both regions required the same photoperiod, ~ 2,222 h, to attain the beginning of the ripening stage, which took more days (three weeks) for CHIH apples, most likely attributed to the higher elevation of CHIH orchards (2,062 vs. 763 masl). The main distinctive quality differences found between WA and CHIH apples were firmness and aroma volatile compounds. CHIH apples presented substantially higher amounts of aroma compounds. WA apples showed greater firmness, probably due to lower photothermal units. Using all firmness data (both varieties, both growing zones) a remarkable correlation was found between firmness and photothermal units (R=0.89), which may suggest firmness could be improved by the manipulation of degree days and photoperiod, that is, temperature and light.
Introduction pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E.
Published: March 2021

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca (NBHA): The papers published in Issue 1, Volume 49, 2021 represent new exciting researches in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy and crop science. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about:

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals gene network regulation of TGase-induced thermotolerance in tomato; Characterization the coding and non-coding RNA components in the transcriptome of invasion weed Alternanthera philoxeroides; Morphometric analysis and sequence related amplified polymorphism determine genetic diversity in Salvia species; Viral diagnosis in cultivars of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.; Influence of fertilizer and salicylic acid treatments on growth, physiological, and antioxidant characteristics in green and red Perilla frutescens varieties; In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical potential of successive extracts, semi-purified fractions and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles of Rumex vesicarius; Zoophagous entomofauna and entomopathogenic agents reported on Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) in north-western of Romania; Vegetative propagation and ex-situ conservation of Acantholimon androsaceum and Limonium chersonesum, two promising local endemics of Crete (Greece) available for floricultural and pharmaceutical sustainable exploitation; Quality attributes during maturation of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Red Delicious’ apples grown in two geographical regions with different environmental conditions, etc.

The Impact Factor communicated by ISI Clarivate, June 29, 2020, is IF 2019 = 1.168 (position 149 of 234 journals, Q3 in Plant Sciences). The metrics in Scopus – Elsevier (June 22, 2020): CiteScore 1.40 (#43/84 in Horticulture); SJR 0.35 - Q2, #41/90 in Horticulture (SJR Scimago Journal).

 

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Announcement

From Volume 49, Issue 1, 2021, Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca journal will use article numbers in place of the traditional method of continuous pagination through the volume. This step helps us to maintain a rapid, efficient production process by being able to define pagination as soon as a paper is accepted.

For papers that use article numbers, the page number of full-text articles will start from 1 to the last page and the citation needs only to list the article number. The journal will continue to appear quarterly, as before, with four annual numbers (see Publication Frequency).
Clinical and radiological aspects of bilateral temporal abnormalities: pictorial essay
Authors: Bisinotto Heloisa Sisconeto , Jarry Vinicius Menezes , Reis Fabiano
Published: March 2021

Abstract The temporal lobes are vulnerable to several diseases, including infectious, immune-mediated, degenerative, vascular, metabolic, and neoplastic processes. Therefore, lesions in the temporal lobes can pose a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist. The temporal lobes are connected by structures such as the anterior commissure, corpus callosum, and hippocampal commissure. That interconnectedness favors bilateral involvement in various clinical contexts. This pictorial essay is based on a retrospective analysis of case files from a tertiary university hospital and aims to illustrate some of the conditions that simultaneously affect the temporal lobes, as well as to define some neuroimaging elements that may be useful for the differential diagnosis of these diseases. Using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, we illustrate the neuroradiological findings in confirmed cases of human herpesvirus 1, central nervous system tuberculosis, autoimmune encephalitis, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, mesial temporal sclerosis, stroke, kernicterus, megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts, low-grade glioma, and secondary lymphoma, the objective being to emphasize the importance of these imaging methods for making the differential diagnosis.
Sindicalismo, reestruturação produtiva e capitalismo financeiro no Brasil
Authors: OLIVEIRA JANAÍNA DE , JARDIM MARIA CHAVES , SILVA SIDNEY JARD DA
Published: March 2021

RESUMO O artigo se situa no âmbito das discussões contemporâneas que desafiam a sociologia econômica e a sociologia do trabalho a refletir sobre um novo fenômeno socioeconômico: a chegada de sindicalistas no mercado financeiro, via criação e, sobretudo, a gestão de fundos de pensão. Atores sociais da construção deste novo fenômeno financeiro, os sindicalistas passam a (re)significar não somente suas estratégias, mas também seus discursos, agregando questões morais e sociais aos interesses do mercado. O trabalho demonstra que o novo éthos do sindicalismo brasileiro busca utilizar a própria lógica do capital na resistência contra a financeirização da economia e a reestruturação produtiva.
The exchange rate in Orthodox, Keynesian and New Developmentalism theoretical models: a literature review
Authors: CAPRIATA WILLIAM , SOUZA LEONARDO FLAUZINO DE
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this paper is to present the differences in the exchange rates in macroeconomic models from the three current theoretical views: Orthodox, Post-Keynesian and New Developmentalism. To achieve this objective, it is proposed to make a bibliographic survey of the literature on open macroeconomics and exchange rate. The main differences among these views concerns to exchange rate determination, causes of exchange rate variations and balance of payments equilibrium determination.
Thymomodulin in association with antifungal drugs in the therapy of cats with disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis: a prospective study
Authors: Forlani Gustavo Soares , Brito Risciela Salardi Alves de , Salame Jéssica Paola , Gomes Angelita Reis , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti , Madrid Isabel Martins , Nobre Márcia de Oliveira
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT: Feline sporotrichosis is a relevant mycose in veterinary medicine due to its severity and zoonotic potential and the fact that it can be difficult to treat. The immune status of the animal exerts influence on the prognosis of the disease and determines its clinical outcome. This study evaluated the efficacy of the immunomodulatory thymomodulin as an adjunct to antifungal therapy in cats with disseminated sporotrichosis; thymomodulin was used in association with itraconazole (ITL) and potassium iodide (KI) to treat this fungal disease in the feline patient. Thirty-one cats (n=31) diagnosed with disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis were divided into two groups as follows: Group 1 (G1) (n=16), which included those animals that were treated with thymomodulin in association with ITL and KI, and Group 2 (G2) (n=15) which had pacientsthat received ITL and KI only. The response to different treatment modalities was assessed, considering the survival rate, time frame for the lesions to respond to therapy, and clinical improvement or deterioration according to a body condition score system. Animals from G1 had a survival rate of nearly 100% (93.6%) that was approximately twice higher than the survival rate of those animals from G2 (53%). Moreover, patients from G1 had a significantly better prognosis, improved body condition, and shorter time for remission of the extra cutaneous clinical signs (p<0.02). Our findings showed that the association of thymomodulin with ITL and KI improves the prognosis of cats with disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis.
O Princípio da Incerteza de Heisenberg pelo Texto Teatral Copenhagen
Authors: Silva Henrique César da , Barros Mayara de Almeida
Published: March 2021

Resumo: Analisamos o texto da peça teatral Copenhagen, de Michael Frayn, uma conversa pós-morte entre Heisenberg, Bohr e sua esposa Margrette, baseada no encontro dos cientistas em 1941. Envolve os princípios da incerteza e da complementaridade e a participação de Heisenberg na possível construção da bomba atômica alemã. Como dispositivo de análise mobilizamos elementos da dramaturgia, como conflito, gênero drama/épico, indicações cênicas, dramático/pós-dramático, em seus efeitos de sentido sobre incerteza, dando visibilidade a aspectos materiais desse texto. O princípio de Heisenberg aparece como inspiração para o eixo central de uma estrutura textual que produz diferentes sentidos de incerteza, ligados, metaforicamente, a elementos do princípio da incerteza da Teoria Quântica, produzindo um deslocamento das entidades da microfísica para entidades humanas. Limites epistêmicos associados à ontologia das entidades se transformaram em supostos limites para julgamentos ético-morais. Discutimos implicações para a educação em ciências são discutidas, e apresentamos apontamentos para futuras pesquisas.
Momordica charantia L. extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae
Authors: Mituiassu L. M. P. , Serdeiro M. T. , Vieira R. R. B. T. , Oliveira L. S. , Maleck M.
Published: March 2021

Abstract Mormodica charantia (Curcubitaceae) is a plant with great medicinal potential, also used as an alternative of mosquitoes control as demonstrated by previous studies. We evaluated the larvicidal activity of crude extracts of ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane from flowers and fruits of M. charantia against Aedes aegypti (Culicidae). Flowers and fruits were macerated in methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane. Bioassays were performed with application of the extracts at final concentrations of 1 - 200 µg/mL in the middle of the third instar larvae of A. aegypti (L3). The results showed high toxicity to ethyl acetate extracts from flowers and fruits at concentrations of 200 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL, with 97% and 87% of larvae mortality (L3), respectively. Hexane extract demonstrated low toxicity, while methanol extract exhibited 78% larval mortality. The data suggested that the ethyl acetate extracts of flowers and fruits of M. charantia can effectively contribute to larvicidal activity. In addition, purification of M. charantia extracts may lead to a promising larvicidal activity to control the A. aegypti population.
Feeding habit of Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in upper parts of river Swat, Pakistan
Authors: Khan W. , Naqvi S. M. H. M. , Khan H. Ullah , Rafiq M. , Ahmad B. , Ahmad B. , Ahmad B. , Noor A. , Akhtar S. , Shadman M.
Published: March 2021

Abstract Salmo trutta fario is the most important fish species of family Salmonidae inhibited in cool waters all over the world including the nortern parts of Pakistan. This study was aimed to find out the prey selection and feeding habits of the species. One hundred and eighty five Salmo trutta fario were captured from March 2016 to April 2017. Feeding intensity as represented by a fullness index (FI), changing with various length groups and season. Out of 185 Brown trout 24 fish stomaches were found empty. The most important and common food items of brown trout were Brachycentridae, Blepharocera, Hydropsychidae, ephemerella spp. Kruskal Wallis H-test were applied on feeding intensity groups consisting of three month group. The test statistic for K.W-H-test were (H=8.13 with df =3) had a p-value of 0.043 < (alpha=0.05 indicates favor of the alternative hypothesis of at least one difference among the feeding intensity groups. The linear relationship of N with index of relative importance and %IRI denoted by least square regression line (N = 35.2 + 22.1%IRI), shows that for 22 prey there is 1% change in IRI. The relationship between total length (mm) and fish body weight (gm) is expressed by Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.976), showed that total length (mm) and fish body weight (gm.) is highly correlated. Descriptive statistics are used for the stomach fullness, which shows that feeding intensity was recorded higher from March to May. A total of 2289 preys was recorded including the most common were; Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae, Brachycentridae, diptera, blepharocera, ephemerala, chironomida, honey bees, grass hopper, locust, trout egg, trochanter, plant tissue, stones were retrieved from the gut contents of brown trout. According to index of relative importance IRI% four preys represents major components of the diet. The highest IRI% was recorded in Brachycentridae (39.38%), followed by blepharocera (13.23%), Hydropsychidae (10.76%) and ephemerella spp (8.28%). The relationship between IRI and FO is (r =0.556) is moderately correlated with coefficient of determination (r2=0.31). This study will help in the development of an artificial diet for the species for better growth performance in captivity.
Calcium in the mineral nutrition of yellow passion fruit cultivated in lined pits and with saline water
Authors: Bezerra Marlene A. F. , Cavalcante Lourival F. , Bezerra Francisco T. C. , Pereira Walter E. , Oliveira Flaviano F. de , Silva Aldeir R.
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Nutritional status is an important tool in salinity management, because salt stress interferes with both the absorption and the assimilation of mineral nutrients by plants. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of water salinity, lateral protection of pits against water losses and calcium doses on the leaf concentration of macronutrients and sodium of yellow passion fruit cv. BRS GA1. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in split plots in a 2 × (2 × 5) factorial scheme, corresponding to water salinity (0.3 and 4.0 dS m-1) in the main plot, and the combinations between lateral protection of pits (without and with) and calcium doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) in the subplots. Leaf concentrations of macronutrients and sodium were determined at the phenological stage of full flowering. Irrigation of yellow passion fruit with 4.0 dS m-1 water decreased the leaf concentrations of macronutrients. The lining of the pits compromised macronutrient concentration in the plants. Calcium fertilization is recommended for yellow passion fruit cultivated in Entisol with low calcium concentration at the dose of 60 kg ha-1, because it raises nitrogen and calcium concentrations in plants irrigated with non-saline water and magnesium and sulfur concentrations in those irrigated with saline water. Calcium attenuates salt stress because it promotes the accumulation of macronutrients in yellow passion fruit under saline conditions.
Agricultural tractor traction efficiency by changing the mass distribution between axles and speed
Authors: Strapasson Neto Lauro , Laskoski Maíra , Jasper Samir P. , Campos Gabriéle S. de , Kmiecik Leonardo L. , Parize Guilherme L.
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT The traction efficiency of the agricultural tractor can be maximized by adjusting the total mass and its distribution between the axles. The experiment’s objective was to determine the configuration of mass distribution between axles and the displacement speed that provides greater traction efficiency in the harrowing operation. A randomized block design in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme with five replications was used. The first factor was two mass distributions between axles, and the second factor was three gears. The collected data were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test. The condition that maximizes the tractor’s performance corresponds to 39% of the total mass on the front axle and 61% on the rear axle, with a gear that provides speed close to 10 km h-1.
Autoethnographic (D)escriptions: performance in dialogue with anthropological research approaches
Authors: Coccaro Luciane Moreau
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT The goal of this article is to develop the notion of sensory autoethnographic (d)escription to experience possibilities of making the scene present through writing. The article draws on anthropology of art and performance studies to analyze three poetic writings and the mediated senses based on the experience of seeing the shows Caprichosa voz que vem do pensamento, by Aderbal Freire Filho, Maria Alice Poppe and Tato Taborda, Casa de especiarias, by Terpsí Teatro de Dança, directed by Carlota Albuquerque, and a dance video by the dancer Marcela Reichelt. It is concluded that autoethnographic (d)escription as a writing genre is a means of making the scene present and illustrates new perspectives in which the personal experience is inscribed.
MÉTODOS DE RESOLUÇÃO DIGITAL DE CONTROVÉRSIAS: ESTADO DA ARTE DE SUAS APLICAÇÕES E DESAFIOS
Authors: Moulin Carolina Stange Azevedo
Published: March 2021

Resumo Métodos de resolução digital de conflitos, referidos na literatura como online dispute resolution (ODR), são uma categoria guarda-chuva que abriga a aplicação de tecnologia à prática jurídica em diferentes níveis de complexidade e automação. O objetivo deste artigo é fornecer um panorama da produção científica sobre o conceito e as modalidades de ODR, suas principais aplicações práticas e os desafios para sua regulação. O método empregado foi a revisão bibliográfica. Com base em extensiva análise da produção científica nacional e internacional, concluiu-se que as duas modalidades cardinais dos softwares ODR são os sistemas instrumentais e os principais, subdividindo-se os últimos em sistemas expert e de suporte. Tecnologias ODR proporcionam economias de escala e adicionam funcionalidades que elevam a qualidade do processo decisório. A utilidade dos mecanismos de ODR ultrapassa o âmbito das relações consumeristas virtuais, seu domínio original de aplicação, e se expande para disputas familiares, sucessórias, administrativas e de propriedade intelectual. Há um movimento de regulação transnacional dos mecanismos de ODR por entes privados, pela União Europeia e pelas Nações Unidas. A normatização dos métodos de resolução digital de controvérsias pelos Estados é fundamental para assegurar que pressupostos de acesso à justiça sejam satisfeitos em procedimentos on-line.
From modern Planetary Health to decolonial promotion of One Health of Peripheries
Authors: Santos Baquero Oswaldo , Fernández Mario Nestor Benavides , Aguilar Myriam Acero
Published: March 2021

The concept of Planetary Health has recently emerged in the global North as a concern with the global effects of degraded natural systems on human health. It calls for urgent and transformative actions. However, the problem and the call to solve it are far from new. Planetary health is a colonial approach that disregards alternative knowledge that over millennia have accumulated experiences of sustainable and holistic lifestyles. It reinforces the monologue of modernity without realizing that threats to “planetary health” reside precisely in its very approach. It insists on imposing its recipes on political, epistemological, and ontological peripheries created and maintained through coloniality. The Latin American decolonial turn has a long tradition in what could be called a “transformative action”, going beyond political and economic crises to face a more fundamental crisis of civilization. It deconstructs, with other decolonial movements, the fallacy of a dual world in which the global North produces epistemologies, while the rest only benefit from and apply those epistemologies. One Health of Peripheries is a field of praxis in which the health of multispecies collectives and the environment they comprise is experienced, understood, and transformed within symbolic and geographic peripheries, ensuing from marginalizing apparatuses. In the present article, we show how the decolonial promotion of One Health of Peripheries contributes to think and advance decentralized and plural practices to attend to local realities. We propose seven actions for such promotion.
Does the intra-operatively measured leg length correction compare to the post-operative radiograph in total hip replacement surgery?
Authors: Moonda Z , Nortje MB , Dey R
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: This study aims to analyse the accuracy of the Vertical Measurement System™ (VMS) in assessing the leg length correction (LLC) during total hip arthroplasty (THA) by comparing the intra-operative measurements to the radiographic measurements obtained six weeks post-operatively Patients and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in which patients undergoing primary THA were enrolled at two centres in Cape Town, over a period of 19 weeks. THAs were performed by four surgeons. Pre-operative leg length discrepancy (LLD) measurements were obtained in 92 patients. The VMS was used to predict intra-operative LLC, and this measurement was compared to the post-operative LLC measured on the six-week follow-up X-ray. These measurements were statistically compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The difference between the intra-operative VMS calculation and the six-week radiological measurement was not significant (p>0.05), with the difference in their mean values being 0.1±3.3 mm. In the cohort, 82% of the patients (n=75) were within 5 mm of the target LLC, and 96% of patients (n=88) were within 10 mm of the target LLC. The mean absolute residual LLD at six weeks was 3.2±3.1 mm. CONCLUSION: The intra-operative LLC measurement obtained using the VMS accurately predicts the six-week post-operative radiographic LLC measurement Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: total hip replacement, leg length discrepancy, leg length correction, vertical measurement system, comparative study, longitudinal study
An intra-operative device for parallel drilling and femoral landmark estimation during medial patellofemoral ligament reconstructive surgery
Authors: Dey R , Patnaik S , Nair G , Steiner S , Sivarasu S
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to design and test a device to guide medial patellofemoral reconstruction surgeries. Materials and methods: A three-dimensional (3D) printed, modular and cost-effective medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction guide, Pat-Rig, was designed with parallel holes running in the medio-lateral direction. This device was manufactured using a commercial additive manufacturing facility, and bench tested using a custom-built test rig. CT scans of patella bones were reconstructed, and the device was tested on four 3D-printed patellas of various sizes. RESULTS: The device was successful in guiding the surgical drill into the patella to drill parallel holes adhering to the current surgical requirements and specifications. The device was augmented with an innovative radiopaque scale which can allow the surgeon to accurately predict the landmarks to drill and measure the drill depth of the tunnels. CONCLUSION: There are no devices on the market that accurately predict the drill locations on the patella during MPFL reconstruction surgeries. The device, Pat-Rig, was found to overcome the current limitations of the MPFL surgeries and was able to provide satisfactory surgical guidance during the reconstruction. Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: knee surgery, patella, orthopaedic, MPFL reconstruction, 3D-printed, novel surgical device.
Osteogenesis imperfecta: an overview
Authors: Phonela SMH , Goller R , Karsas M
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a metabolic bone disorder commonly encountered in orthopaedic practice within the context of a multidisciplinary team. Although relatively rare, it is among the most researched of the skeletal dysplasias, making it challenging for the general orthopaedic surgeon to keep abreast with current evidence. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of OI for the general orthopaedic surgeon. It touches on the relevant epidemiology, pathology and clinical aspects of the condition. A discussion of the background and current topical issues surrounding the classification systems, and the medical and orthopaedic management aspects follows. The main focus of this review is on the peri-operative orthopaedic care of the appendicular musculoskeletal system. We trust it will equip the general orthopaedic surgeon with concise, up-to-date and relevant information to efficiently manage affected patients and caregivers in South Africa. Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: osteogenesis imperfecta, type 1 collagen, multidisciplinary management, bisphosphonates, Fassier-Duval rods
Motivating Large Groups of Law Students to Think Critically and Write Like Lawyers: Part 1
Authors: Angela Diane Crocker
Published: March 2021

This two-part article explores two central themes – student motivation and critical thinking – as they relate to teaching law students how to write like lawyers. The article examines these two themes through the lens of a case study on a legal writing programme, the “Write it Like a Lawyer” [WiLL] programme implemented at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, in 2019. The design of the programme draws upon three distinct teaching principles – constructive alignment, learner participation and conversations in feedback. This article argues that by applying these principles when teaching legal writing, law students are motivated to engage critically with legal materials, thereby enabling them to produce persuasive, logical, coherent legal writing, containing well-substantiated arguments. The article is in two parts. Part 1 begins by focusing on the theoretical underpinnings of the main themes of the article as well as the teaching principles applied in the WiLL programme. It then goes on to describe the significance of the central themes to a legal writing programme such as WiLL. Part 2 of this article moves on to a discussion of the three teaching principles – constructive alignment, learner participation (including blended-learning techniques) and conversations in feedback – and the manner in which these principles were used to achieve the desired outcomes in the WiLL programme. Finally, the second part of the article evaluates the relative success of employing the three principles in order to further student motivation and critical thinking in the programme. The article concludes with recommendations for improvements that could be implemented in future such programmes.