bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professional Development
Authors: Lasater Kristin
Published: September 2014

The mission of the SEG Continuing Education Program is to provide educational resources to our global membership and to others interested in geophysics through courses and lectures taught by recognized experts.
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase as a Novel Treatment Target for Osteoporosis
Authors: Joshua Jisha , Schwaerzer Gerburg K. , Kalyanaraman Hema , Cory Esther , Sah Robert L. , Li Mofei , Vaida Florin , Boss Gerry R. , Pilz Renate B.
Published: September 2014

Osteoporosis is a major health problem leading to fractures that cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Current osteoporosis therapies have significant drawbacks, creating a need for novel bone-anabolic agents. We previously showed that the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP (cGMP)/protein kinase G pathway mediates some of the anabolic effects of estrogens and mechanical stimulation in osteoblasts and osteocytes, leading us to hypothesize that cGMP-elevating agents may have bone-protective effects. We tested cinaciguat, a prototype of a novel class of soluble guanylate cyclase activators, in a mouse model of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. Compared with sham-operated mice, ovariectomized mice had lower serum cGMP concentrations, which were largely restored to normal by treatment with cinaciguat or low-dose 17β-estradiol. Microcomputed tomography of tibiae showed that cinaciguat significantly improved trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized animals, with effect sizes similar to those obtained with estrogen replacement therapy. Cinaciguat reversed ovariectomy-induced osteocyte apoptosis as efficiently as estradiol and enhanced bone formation parameters in vivo, consistent with in vitro effects on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Compared with 17β-estradiol, which completely reversed the ovariectomy-induced increase in osteoclast number, cinaciguat had little effect on osteoclasts. Direct guanylate cyclase stimulators have been extremely well tolerated in clinical trials of cardiovascular diseases, and our findings provide proof-of-concept for this new class of drugs as a novel, anabolic treatment strategy for postmenopausal osteoporosis, confirming an important role of nitric oxide/cGMP/protein kinase G signaling in bone.
Love and the Value of a Life
Authors: Setiya Kieran
Published: September 2014

This essay is about love and its place in ethics. It argues that there is no one it is irrational to love, that it is rational to act with partiality to those we love, and that the rationality of doing so is not conditional on love. It follows that Anscombe and Taurek are right: you are not required to save three instead of one, even when those you could save are perfect strangers.
Semantic Plasticity and Speech Reports
Authors: Dorr Cian , Hawthorne John
Published: September 2014

Most meanings we express belong to large families of variant meanings, among which it would be implausible to suppose that some are much more apt for being expressed than others. This abundance of candidate meanings creates pressure to think that the proposition attributing any particular meaning to an expression is modally plastic: its truth depends very sensitively on the exact microphysical state of the world. However, such plasticity seems to threaten ordinary counterfactuals whose consequents contain speech reports, since it is hard to see how we could reasonably be confident in a counterfactual whose consequent can be true only if a certain very finely tuned microphysical configuration obtains. This essay develops the foregoing puzzle and explores several possible solutions.
Comparative Study of Sodium and Lithium Intercalation and Diffusion Mechanism in Black Phosphorus from First-principles Simulation
Authors: Yu Xue-fang , Ushiyama Hiroshi , Yamashita Koichi
Published: September 2014

Experimentally, black phosphorus (BP) displays a promising electrochemical performance as an anode for both Li ion and Na ion batteries. The feature of fast charge–discharge capability is very desirable for an anode material. We investigated the intercalation mechanism of a single Na and Li and the diffusion mechanism in BP by means of first-principles simulation. We found that a large tunnel forms because of the sliding of phosphorus interlayers with a single Na and Li intercalation and that the Na and Li diffusion within the tunnel along the a axis is very fast. This makes BP a competitive and promising anode for both Na ion and Li ion batteries. The different behaviors of Na and Li in BP are also discussed.
Review of J. L. Davis and N. Vogeikoff-Brogan (eds), Philhellenism, Philanthropy, or Political Convenience? American Archaeology in Greece; Special issue of Hesperia (2013)
Authors: Plantzos Dimitris
Published: September 2014

Jack L. Davis and Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan (eds), Philhellenism, Philanthropy, or Political Convenience? American Archaeology in Greece, Special issue of Hesperia 82/1 (2013). 227 pp.
Case Report: Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the breast with unusual metastasis to the femur
Authors: Sokolovskaya Evgeniya , Liu Zheng , Weintraub Kelly , Szallasi Arpad , Shariff Yasmeen
Published: September 2014

With less than 40 cases reported, primary leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare form of breast cancer (less than 0.0006% of cases) with unpredictable biological behavior that usually presents as a slow growing, mobile mass in middle age women. Most cases are low-grade and are cured by complete excision with wide margins. After surgical resection, late local recurrence and distant hematogenous metastasis to lungs and liver is, however, well-documented. To the best of our knowledge, bone metastasis has never been reported. Here we present a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast metastatic to the femur.
Development of a compherensive wellness pfograms to improve the functional reserves of the respiratory system students are actively involved in sports
Authors: Котенко  , Kotenko K. , Иванова  , Ivanova Irina , Корчажкина  , Korchazhkina N. , Хусяйнов  , Khusyaynov Z.
Published: September 2014

The author has developed a comprehensive wellness program, including reflectory-segmental vacuum interference effects and combined application of low-frequency pulsed electrostatic field and baths with biologically active substances of plant origin the components of a horse-chestnut to activate the physical and functional status of students who are actively involved in sports. The study included 320 students. The author developed the algorithm of differential application of a comprehensive Wellness program or its individual components to improve the functional state of the students.
Kinema. Nonverbal language in a mimicry, a pose, behavioural manners
Authors: Дубинский  , Dubinskiy Vladimir
Published: September 2014

The author aims at demonstrating non-verbal means of communi- cation in the German language as well as showing the way they are used in everyday life and the specifics of teaching them further cross-cultural communication with Germans. Knowing non-verbal means of communication typical of native speakers means broadening the general knowledge of the student of the language and developing an active communicative approach to speech interaction.
Reflection of Communication Principles in Teaching Oral Russian Among Chinese Russian Major Students
Authors: Лю  , Liu Qian
Published: September 2014

This article demonstrated the reasonability of teaching oral Russian among

Chinese Russian major students based on communication principles, which

explained the possibility of communication principles using «the method of

discussion» as an example.

We believe communication principle plays an important role in foreign Russian

teaching. Researchers of modern Russian teaching methodology, such

as T.M. Balyhina, O.Ya. Goyhman, G.G. Gorodilova, V.G. Kostomarov,

E.I. Passov, M.B. Uspensky, N.I. Formanovskaya, A.N. Schukin etc. all contributed

to achievement of this principle.

«Discussion», as a methodology displaying the communication principle in

Foreign Russian teaching, could enrich students knowledge, develop their

communication ability and skills, and create enthusiasm. The application of

this methodology could lead to the enhancement of students communication

skills, and increases the interaction among them.
Psycholigical impacts as ameans of human´s functional state rehabilitation under psycho-emotional stress
Authors: Классина  , Klassina S.
Published: September 2014

The article is devoted to studying of human body systemic reactions by the psychological rehabilitation impacts under psycho-emotional stress. Two series of surveys were carrying out. At first of survey 20 students were attended, who directly before the exam were exposed to 20 minutes séance of melodious music as a psychological rehabilitation impact. At second of survey 27 students were attended, who directly before the exam were exposed to 5 minutes séance of autogenous express regulation as psychological rehabilitation impact. These students were concentrated on the thumb of his right hand, but formulas of autosuggestion were excluding. Periodically, the stubjects were asking to switch the «inner eye» and to trace the blood movement through hand vessels. They must trace for a new subjective feeling appearance and fix it. Before and after any kind of psychological rehabilitations a subjects were offered a computer test for a operator activity, where it simulates a goal shootingt. Methodological basis for the test activity analysis was a system «quantization concept». In accordance with it the whole continuum of test activity is broken down into individual discrete segments – «systemokvants», which it had all functional system features. Any «systemokvant» could be describing by the parameter of achieved results, its «physiological cost» and indicator of efficacy.

Before and after any kind of psychological rehabilitations ECG, pneumography, EEG, arterial blood pressure, dynamic tremor were recording. R.M. Baevsky tention index, subjective levels of self-filling, activity, mood, level of situational anxiety by Spielberger were estimating. Subject´s vegetative status was assessing by calculating

the Kerdo vegetative index, Hildebrandt index and a minute volume of blood. EEG spectral analysis was performing, and the values of spectral EEG power in the delta, theta, alpha and beta bands were assessing. It was shown, that the different rehabilitation impacts were addressed to different structures and functions of a human body, causing fundamentally different responses whole system. So, melodious music, creating positive emotions, help to reduce mental and emotional human stress, to normalize the autonomic tone; help to increase of efficiency of activity. Séance of autogenous express regulation, by providing a more effect to a human psychic sphere, on the contrary, was contributed to a change the system functions organization and the appearance of new subjective sensations as qualitatively new system properties. Nature of subjective sensations was determining by initial state of a human brain bioelectrical activity.
Nutrient Adequacy of Foods Eaten by Students Attending Boarding and Day Secondary Schools in Owo
Authors: Bolajoko Opeyemi , Ogundahunsi G , Folahan Olaide , Odugbemi B , Alakuro Olanike
Published: September 2014

The nutrient adequacy of foods eaten by students attending boarding and day secondary schools in Owo municipal was assessed. The study was carried out among two day secondary schools and two secondary schools with boarding facilities. A total of 200 students were systematically selected from the class register. The 24-hour dietary recall procedure was used to assess food consumption and nutrients intake. The nutrient intake of the student shows that the intake of energy was 98% of RDA while that of protein was above RDA 123%. However, vitamin A, E, B6 folic Acid and vitamin C were found to be lower than RDA as intakes were 38%, 21%, 62%, 55% and 23% respectively. Also mineral intake shows that there is low consumption of calcium 43% while Iron intake exceeded RDA 127%. However, there was no significant difference in the energy intake of the day and boarding student while intake of vitamin C was higher among day students. Access to low cost healthy local foods especially fruits and vegetables in school and at home should be encouraged.
Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids Potential of Smoked and Boiled Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)
Authors: Mustapha Razaq , Bolajoko Opeyemi , Akinola O
Published: September 2014

Boiled and smoked catfish (Claria geriepinus) were evaluated in order to know omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids potential of these processed fishes. Samples were analyzed for their fatty acids using modified AOAC methods and gas chromatography (gc). Findings shows that linoleic (Ω-6), alpha-linolenic (Ω-3) and gamma-linolenic were significantly higher in boiled catfish and covered respectively 9.0351e-7, 9.56501e-5 and 2.76276e-5 area when subjected to gas chromatography compared to the smoked cat fish. Also, both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were present in appreciable amount in the processed samples. Therefore, catfish can serve as a potential source of essential fatty acids to human nutrition particularly in Nigeria where cat fish consumption is growing popular.
Allergic reactions and hypersensitivity in horses
Authors: Shepherd Chris
Published: September 2014

Chris Shepherd BVM&S BSc MRCVS discusses an often frustrating condition
Kissing spines: Diagnosis and treatments
Authors: Jacklin Ben
Published: September 2014

In the first of a two part series Ben Jacklin MA VetMB MRCVS, resident in equine surgery, Royal Veterinary College, discusses the latest developments
Mud fever – is there a cure?
Authors: Hollis Georgie
Published: September 2014

Georgie Hollis of the Veterinary Wound Library, discusses the cause and potential treatment options for this common yet complicated condition
T lymphocytes are not required for the development of fatty degeneration after rotator cuff tear
Authors: Gumucio J. , Flood M. , Harning J. , Phan A. , Roche S. , Lynch E. , Bedi A. , Mendias C.
Published: September 2014

Objectives

Rotator cuff tears are among the most common and debilitating upper extremity injuries. Chronic cuff tears result in atrophy and an infiltration of fat into the muscle, a condition commonly referred to as ‘fatty degeneration’. While stem cell therapies hold promise for the treatment of cuff tears, a suitable immunodeficient animal model that could be used to study human or other xenograft-based therapies for the treatment of rotator cuff injuries had not previously been identified.

Methods

A full-thickness, massive supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear was induced in adult T-cell deficient rats. We hypothesised that, compared with controls, 28 days after inducing a tear we would observe a decrease in muscle force production, an accumulation of type IIB fibres, and an upregulation in the expression of genes involved with muscle atrophy, fibrosis and inflammation.

Results

Chronic cuff tears in nude rats resulted in a 30% to 40% decrease in muscle mass, a 23% reduction in production of muscle force, and an induction of genes that regulate atrophy, fibrosis, lipid accumulation, inflammation and macrophage recruitment. Marked large lipid droplet accumulation was also present.

Conclusions

The extent of degenerative changes in nude rats was similar to what was observed in T-cell competent rats. T cells may not play an important role in regulating muscle degeneration following chronic muscle unloading. The general similarities between nude and T-cell competent rats suggest the nude rat is likely an appropriate preclinical model for the study of xenografts that have the potential to enhance the treatment of chronically torn rotator cuff muscles. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:262–72.
Through the Eye of the Other
Authors: Salam Hawa
Published: September 2014

This article seeks to apply Derrida's deconstruction of elements constituting national identity as established under colonial power to the study of Bassam Tibi, Fouad Ajami, and Bernard Lewis' work on Arab identity. This approach allows the emergence of colonial and neo-colonial elements underlying these authors' understanding of what Edward Said identified as the “Arab condition.” Analyses show that both Arab authors' definition of Arab identity has been heavily influenced by colonial powers in a threefold manner: early colonization of the Arab lands by the Ottomans until 1920, European colonial rule during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and finally, the impact of living in the West. The article also highlights how the colonial power, exemplified in the work of Bernard Lewis, chooses to view the colonized “other” and often changes this view in accordance with political expediency.
Counter-Orientalism: Retranslating the “Invisible Arab” in Leila Aboulela's The Translator and Lyrics Alley
Authors: Ahmed Gamal Abdel Wahab
Published: September 2014

Retranslation is a foundational postcolonial metaphor that might highlight the new horizons of transcultural and transnational relations and their political backdrop. By the same token, Arab—British migrant narratives are of special relevancy to both translation and cultural studies, since migrant identity and writing are closely associated with the politics of translation, rewriting, relocation, and cross-cultural pollination. This contribution explores the role of counter-discourses in general and counter-Orientalism in particular in the contemporary fiction of one of Arab—British writers. In particular, the article focuses on the textual representations of invisible Arab men and women and the East—West cultural exchange in the writing of the Sudanese feminist and Scottish immigrant Leila Aboulela (1964-). Drawing on the counter-traditional concept of translation as engagement rather than transfer, this article attempts to spotlight the aesthetic and political parameters of cultural translation in Arab—British literature represented by Leila Aboulela'sThe Translator(1999) andLyrics Alley(2010). Many studies have examined the (mis)representation of Arabs in Western Orientalist narratives, but very few have probed how Arab émigrés have deftly attempted to engage with Orientalist narratives by restructuring new identities and critically hybridizing unexampled cultural models. In other words, counter-Orientalism implies appropriating Orientalist stereotypes of space, history, identity, and gender in counter-narratives that seek to demythologize and therefore de-Orientalize Arab subjects.
Weiße Frauen in Bewegung
Authors: Dietze Gabriele
Published: September 2014

Die Studie konfrontiert zwei zentrale Emanzipationsanstrengungen der Moderne miteinander: unmarkierte ›weiße‹ US-amerikanische Frauenbewegungen und den Kampf um Bürgerrechte von people of color. Es geht dabei um implizite Sozio- und Psycho-Logiken, die Feminität mit whiteness gleichsetzen und raceon("i")off("i")# und den Prozess um O.J. Simpson. Erkenntnisinteresse ist die Verfugung von Sexismus und Rassismus und seine soziokulturellen Repräsentationsformen.
Bildpraxis
Authors: Hennig Jochen
Published: September 2014

Welche Rolle spielen Bilder in den Naturwissenschaften? Wie erzeugen Bilder Wissen? Diesen Fragen geht Jochen Hennig in einer empirisch dichten Studie zu den digitalen Bildwelten der 1980er Jahre am Beispiel der Rastertunnelmikroskopie nach. Die Untersuchung von Herstellung und Interpretation der Bilder im Labor wird dabei mit der Betrachtung ihrer anschließenden Zirkulation zwischen Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit verbunden. Die formale Analyse der Bilder deckt auf, wie die Anknüpfung an Bildtraditionen der Entfaltung nanotechnologischer Visionen den Weg geebnet hat. Damit erzählt dieses Buch zur Bildpraxis der Nanotechnologie zugleich deren Frühgeschichte und ihren Aufstieg zu einer viel beachteten Zukunftstechnologie.
Interkulturelle Handlungskompetenz
Authors: Schondelmayer Anne-Christin
Published: September 2014

»Interkulturelle Handlungskompetenz« steht für eine wichtige Anforderung in einer heterogenen Welt. Aber worum handelt es sich dabei konkret? In ihrer empirischen Studie geht Anne-Christin Schondelmayer der Frage nach, wodurch es zu kulturell bedingten Handlungsirritationen kommt und wie Differenzen und Gemeinsamkeiten praktisch erlebt und ausgehandelt werden. Die Untersuchung verzichtet auf einfache Bewertungen von Kompetenz und rekonstruiert stattdessen spezifische Handlungsformen einer interkulturellen Praxis. Diese werden anhand biographisch-narrativer Interviews mit Entwicklungshelfern und Auslandskorrespondenten in Afrika analysiert und typisiert.
Politische Räume
Authors: Glasze Georg
Published: September 2014

Wie kann die Existenz einer »internationalen Gemeinschaft« und eines »geokulturellen Raumes« konzeptualisiert und analysiert werden? Das Buch geht dieser klassischen Fragestellung der Geographie am Beispiel der Frankophonie nach. Der Hegemonietheorie von Laclau und Mouffe folgend werden Räume - wie Identitäten - als historisch und kontingent und in diesem Sinne politisch konzipiert. Der Kulturgeograph Georg Glasze untersucht sowohl sprachliche als auch nicht-sprachliche Artikulationen und leistet mit der Verknüpfung von korpuslinguistisch-lexikometrischen und kodierenden Verfahren einen innovativen Beitrag zur Diskursforschung.
Moderne Kunst in Mexiko
Authors: Einfeldt Kirsten
Published: September 2014

Anhand zentraler Werke von Künstlern und Architekten wie Diego Rivera, Luis Barragán und Mathias Goeritz geht Kirsten Einfeldt den Einflüssen zeitgenössischer Identitätsdiskurse auf Kunst im öffentlichen Raum in Mexiko nach. Neben Skulpturen und Wandbildern der 1950er bis 1980er Jahre ist die Konzeptkunst zahlreicher Kollektive aus der Zeit der mexikanischen Studentenbewegung Gegenstand der Untersuchung. Die Studie wertet Archivmaterial aus und basiert auf einer Feldforschung der Autorin sowie auf zahlreichen Interviews mit Künstlern, Kritikern, Historikern und anderen Experten und bietet damit erstmalig einen Überblick über die öffentliche Kunst der mexikanischen Moderne.
Mikropoetik
Authors: Scheffler Kirsten
Published: September 2014

Die Mikrogramme Robert Walsers scheinen nahezu unlesbar. Die Schrift ist derart klein, dass sie einst für eine Geheimschrift gehalten wurde. Inzwischen sind die Texte transkribiert - doch das Rätsel bleibt. Kirsten Scheffler formuliert einen neuen Zugang zum ästhetischen Faszinosum des »Bleistiftgebiets«, von dem der Autor selbst erst 1927 sprechen wird. Doch bereits in der Kurzprosa, die während des Ersten Weltkriegs entstand, finden sich semantische Spuren. Die Lektüre einzelner Texte zeigt den Eintrag der ›Materialität‹ von Schrift und bildender Kunst - und die existentiellen Erschütterungen, die zu dieser Mikropoetik nicht ohne Mikropolitik führen sollten.
Der Schnitt durch den Raum
Authors: Rodatz Christoph
Published: September 2014

Die räumliche Ordnung, die der Theaterbau vorgibt, ist das Produkt einer Wahrnehmungsdisposition, die noch vor der Subjekt-Objekt-Spaltung angesetzt werden kann. Sie lässt sich auf Konstellationen zurückführen, die atmosphärische Wahrnehmung, wie sie der Philosoph Gernot Böhme beschreibt, erzeugen. »Der Schnitt durch den Raum« bezeichnet dieses Wahrnehmungsereignis, das sich auch jenseits des Theaterbaus materialisiert und Teil unserer Kultur des Sehens und unseres performativen Handelns ist. Christoph Rodatz zeigt, dass der Schnitt durch den Raum mehr ist als eine materielle Trennung. Er ist eine spezifische Wahrnehmungskonstellation zwischen mir und dem Raum meiner leiblichen Anwesenheit.
Sakrale Geographie
Authors: Heidenreich Elisabeth
Published: September 2014

Sie sind weltweit vernetzt, technisch auf der Höhe der Zeit und attackieren entlang einer religiösen Geopolitik. Um zu begreifen, was Bin Laden, Zawahiri und Atta antreibt, wie sie denken und fühlen und warum sie sich die moderne Alltagstechnik als Schlachtfeld ausgesucht haben, müssen wir ihnen nahe kommen. In diesem Buch werden zum ersten Mal die technischen, sakralen und seelischen Räume islamistischer Terroristen erschlossen. Mit phänomenologischen und psychoanalytischen Mitteln zeigt Elisabeth Heidenreich, zu welchen geopolitischen Implikationen die sakrale Geographie des islamistischen Terrorismus führt.
Krieg im Frieden
Authors: Sieber Egger Anja
Published: September 2014

Der bosnische Bürgerkrieg (1992-1995) hat die zivile Gesellschaft entzweit. Anja Sieber Egger untersucht, wie nach dem Krieg auf die Stärkung zivilgesellschaftlicher Strukturen gesetzt wird, welche die ethnischen Gräben im serbischen Teil Bosnien-Herzegowinas überbrücken sollen. In den Blick rücken insbesondere die Deutungen von Frauen bei der Interpretation ihrer Kriegserfahrungen und -erinnerungen. Anhand biographischer Interviews und einer Analyse der sozialen Netzwerke wird gefragt, inwiefern sich die Geschlechterbeziehungen und die ethnischen Zugehörigkeitsgefühle durch den Krieg gewandelt haben und ob die Frauen dem international verbreiteten Bild entsprechen, das sie als besonders »friedliebende«, Versöhnung bringende »Brückenbauerinnen« in der Nachkriegszeit zeichnet.
Das Drama des Prekären
Authors: Pewny Katharina
Published: September 2014

Das Prekäre ist nicht erst seit dem Einbruch der weltweiten Ökonomie 2008 ein Brennpunkt gegenwärtiger Existenzen. Wie wird es im Gegenwartstheater aufgegriffen und weiterentwickelt? Diese Studie analysiert Theater-, Tanz- und Film-Aufführungen um die Jahrtausendwende und bedient sich dafür der Methodik des »Überschreibens«. Ausgehend von Ethiken der Begegnung mit dem Anderen und von instabilen Ökonomien erweist sich dabei das Prekäre als ästhetische und ethische Kategorie. Katharina Pewny zeigt, dass die Übertragung des »Ethical Turn« in die Theaterwissenschaft des deutschen Sprachraums neue Wege eröffnet, die auch für verwandte Kunst- und Kulturwissenschaften relevant sind.
Islamischer Feminismus in Deutschland?
Authors: Gamper Markus
Published: September 2014

Die deutsche Integrationsdebatte über den Islam wird in den letzten Jahren vom Thema »Unterdrückung der muslimischen Frau« dominiert. Erfahrungsberichte zeigen, dass androzentrische Strukturen auch in Deutschland immer noch religiös begründet werden. Auf der anderen Seite jedoch offenbaren Einzelfallstudien, dass sich Muslima durch intensive Beschäftigung mit ihrer Religion emanzipieren und nicht mehr nur als unterdrückte Wesen wahrgenommen werden möchten. Sie schließen sich in selbstorganisierten Gemeinschaften zusammen, um ihrer feministischen Haltung Rückhalt zu verleihen. Markus Gamper beleuchtet die neuen Formen der Zusammenschlüsse in Deutschland und zeichnet ein erstes Bild dieser Frauen und ihrer Vereine. Das Buch bietet erkenntnisreiche Einblicke in eine bisher zu wenig beleuchtete Facette gelebter muslimischer Praxis.
Undoing Irishness
Authors: Verse Julia
Published: September 2014

Die sozioökonomischen Transformationen der letzten Jahrzehnte machen die Republik Irland zu einem der dramatischsten Räume Europas. Diese ethnografische Studie über Rassismus und Antirassismus in der irischen Gesellschaft untersucht die Konstruktionsbedingungen nationaler Identität und ihre Wirkmächtigkeit für irische Verhältnisse. »Irishness« steht als Schlüsselbegriff und hierarchisierende Kategorie sozialer Ordnung im Zentrum der Analysen. Julia Verse zeigt, wie die Perspektiven antirassistischer Akteure auf eine Neuverhandlung des nationalen Selbstverständnisses verweisen - und auf die Bedingungen emanzipativer Politik im heutigen Europa.
Few-Step Kinetic Model of Gaseous Autocatalytic Ethane Pyrolysis and Its Evaluation by Means of Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Nurislamova Liana F. , Stoyanovskaya Olga P. , Stadnichenko Olga A. , Gubaidullin Irek M. , Snytnikov Valeriy N. , Novichkova Anastasia V.
Published: September 2014

A kinetic scheme of radical chain reactions in autocatalytic pyrolysis of ethane was studied using a sensitivity analysis method, bringing in the experimental data. In the gas-phase kinetic experiments, ethane pyrolysis was carried out in laboratory reactors with the reaction mixture heated by CO2 laser irradiation. It was shown that the scheme with autocatalytic routes includes as few steps as possible and adequately describes the ethane pyrolysis with high ethylene yield at 900–1,150 K. Admissible variation ranges of preexponential factors and activation energies for the kinetic model of the reactions were found using the Monte Carlo statistical method. Reducibility of the scheme was examined by means of the Sobol’s variance based strategy applied for the sensitivity analysis evaluation.
Silicon-based on-chip multiplexing technologies and devices for Peta-bit optical interconnects
Authors: Dai Daoxin , Bowers John E.
Published: September 2014

An effective solution to enhance the capacity of an optical-interconnect link is utilizing advanced multiplexing technologies, like wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM), polarization-division multiplexing (PDM), spatial-division multiplexing (SDM), bi-directional multiplexing, etc. On-chip (de)multiplexers are necessary as key components for realizing these multiplexing systems and they are desired to have small footprints due to the limited physical space for on-chip optical interconnects. As silicon photonics has provided a very attractive platform to build ultrasmall photonic integrated devices with CMOS-compatible processes, in this paper we focus on the discussion of silicon-based (de)multiplexers, including WDM filters, PDM devices, and SDM devices. The demand of devices to realize a hybrid multiplexing technology (combining WDM, PDM and SDM) as well as a bidirectional multiplexing technologies are also discussed to achieve Peta-bit optical interconnects.
Biological evaluation of micro-patterned hyaluronic acid hydrogel for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Park Hyo Seung , Lee Su Yeon , Yoon Hyunsik , Noh Insup
Published: September 2014

Design of micro-patterning of hydrogel is of critical importance in both understanding cellular behaviors and mimicking controlled microenvironments and architectures of diverse well-organized tissues. After micro-patterning of hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel on a poly(dimethyl siloxane) substrate, its physical and biological properties have been compared with those of a non-patterned hydrogel for its possible applications in bone tissue engineering. The micro-patterned morphologies of HA hydrogel in both swollen and dehydrated forms have been observed with light microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively, before and after in vitro cell culture. When MC3T3 bone cells were in vitro cultured on both HA hydrogels, the micro-patterned one shows excellence in cell proliferation and lining for 7 days along the micro-pattern paths over those of the non-patterned one, which have shown less cell-adhesiveness. The cytotoxicity of the micro-patterned HA hydrogels was in vitro evaluated by the assays of MTT, BrdU and Neutral red. The viability and morphology of MC3T3 cells on both HA hydrogels were observed with a fluorescence microscope by the live & dead assay, where their viability was confirmed by staining of F-actin development. The results of their H&E staining showed that both micro-patterned and non-patterned hydrogels induced development of tissue regeneration as observed by cell attachment, proliferation, and survivability, but the micro-patterned one induced distinctive patterning of both better initial cells adhesion on the micro-patterns and subsequently development of their proliferation and extracellular matrix, which were considered as important characteristics in their applications to tissue engineering.
Amino acids and poly(amino acids) as nucleating agents for poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Carbone Maria Josefina , Vanhalle Maja , Goderis Bart , Van Puyvelde Peter
Published: September 2014

In industry, rapid crystallization is often required. At present, the crystallization rate of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is too low compared to industrial needs. In this paper, amino acids such as glycine and L-alanine and poly(amino acids) like polyglycine and poly-DL-alanine are considered as heterogeneous crystallization nucleating agents. The impact of adding these bio-based additives on the isothermal crystallization behavior of PLA was quantified and compared at different concentrations by using the so-called Lotz efficiency scale, which here is based on isothermal DSC measurements. In addition, rheological and rheo-optical techniques were used to monitor the isothermal crystallization. Our results indicate that polyglycine possesses a significant nucleating ability (60.5%) which is comparable to the industrially used talc (81.1%).
A comparative study of various oil extraction techniques from plants
Authors: Danlami Jibrin Mohammed , Arsad Agus , Ahmad Zaini Muhammad Abbas , Sulaiman Hanizam
Published: September 2014

Researchers have shown that techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction developed for extraction of valuable components from plants and seed materials have been successfully used to effectively reduce the major shortcomings of the traditional method such as Soxhlet extraction. These include shorter extraction time, increase in yield of extracted components, decrease in solvent consumption, and improvement of the quality of extracts. This review presents a detailed description of the principles and mechanisms of the various extraction techniques for better understanding and summarizes the potential of these techniques in the extraction of oil from plants and seed materials. Discussions on some of the parameters affecting the extraction efficiency are also highlighted, with special emphasis on supercritical fluid extraction. A comparison of the performance of traditional Soxhlet extraction with that of other extraction techniques is also presented.
New trends in vinyl ester resins
Authors: Jaswal Shipra , Gaur Bharti
Published: September 2014

Vinyl ester resins (VERs) are high-performance unsaturated resins derived by the addition reaction of various epoxide resins with α-β unsaturated carboxylic acids. These resins have always been classified under unsaturated polyester resins. However, VERs have remarkable corrosion resistance and superior physical properties as compared with these conventional polyester resins, which make VERs a class of their own and hallmark of today’s resin industries. Hence, there is a need to review the available literature on this important class of thermosetting resins separately. In this article, an attempt is made to review the state of the art of VERs, including synthesis, characterization, curing, thermal, chemical, oxidative properties, and applications. The main focus is on the latest developments in this area.
2D-Modellierung des Einflusses leitfähiger Schichten auf die Sensorimpedanz bei kapazitiven Sensoren
Authors: Weber Christian , Wendler Frank , Tahedl Markus , Kanoun Olfa
Published: September 2014

In der industriellen Anwendung kapazitiver Sensoren ist die
kontaktlose Detektion leitfähiger Schichten flüssiger Medien von
Bedeutung. Dabei ist die Sensorimpedanz abhängig von der Frequenz und
Eigenschaften des Mediums. Um den Einfluss dieser Parameter zu
ermitteln, wurde ein zweidimensionales, rotationssymmetrisches Modell
erstellt, mit dem sich eine gute Übereinstimmung mit einer
FEM-Simulation erzielen lässt. Aus den durchgeführten Untersuchungen
geht hervor, dass sich aus den Parametern eines geeigneten
Ersatzschaltbildes ein Maß für Leitfähigkeit und Schichtdicke des
Mediums ableiten lässt.
Application of a novel method for validating the uncertainty estimation of a flow test facility
Authors: Cordova Murillo Moritz Leopoldo , Furuichi Noriyuki , Lederer Thomas
Published: September 2014

After a large heat meter flow test rig was overhauled, making
a thorough characterization and re-validation of the associated
uncertainty is necessary. Validating the uncertainty through
interlaboratory comparisons takes years and is not always
successful. Therefore, a method is proposed to validate the
uncertainty estimation based on a flow meter Reynolds number
similarity in between comparisons. The newly estimated uncertainty of
an overhauled facility is schematized and the proposed method is
applied. The obtained results are confirmed through a conventional
international interlaboratory comparison.
Low-melting molecular complexes. Part 5. Co-crystals of tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether with methyl halides
Authors: Yufit Dmitry S. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Zubatyuk Roman I. , Howard Judith A.K.
Published: September 2014

The molecular complexes of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and diethyl ether (DEE) with chloroform (CF), dichlodromethane (DCM) and bromoform (BF) have been synthesised by in situ cryo-crystallization and their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. CF forms 2:1 co-crystals with THF and DEE, where the components are linked in isolated 2:1 complexes by Cl3 C-H…O interactions. Molecules of components in THF-BF complex form halogen-bonded chains, while the complexes DCM and BF with DEE contain two independent pairs of the components linked by C-H…O contacts. Supramolecular architecture of the molecular complexes is analysed using energy-based topology of intermolecular interactions.
In situ co-crystallization of cresols with aniline and fluoroanilines: subtle interplay of strong and weak hydrogen bonds
Authors: Choudhury Angshuman R. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Howard Judith A.K.
Published: September 2014

“In situ crystallization” is a technique, which is used to crystallize the materials, which are liquid at ambient conditions, on the single crystal X-ray diffractometer. This technique has been utilized to study crystal structures of a number of liquids, gases and mixtures of liquids and gases in the past. In this manuscript, we describe the formation of cocrystals of a few cresols with aniline and fluoroanilines using this technique. Different pairs of cresol and aniline/fluoroaniline resulted into various cocrystals, which display different crystalline motifs involving strong O–H···N, N–H···O hydrogen bonds along with weak C–H···O and C–H···F hydrogen bonds. The observed differences in crystal packing indicate that the role of weak hydrogen bonds in these systems is significant and need to be considered.
Strength Characteristics of Lime Treated Oil Contaminated Lateritic Soil
Authors: Ijimdiya Thomas Stephen
Published: September 2014

Used lubricating oil contaminated soil was treated with up to 6 % lime by dry weight of soil. Specimens of artificially contaminated lateritic soil were treated and compacted using the British Standard light (BSL) (i.e., standard proctor) energy (relative compaction = 100 %) and subjected to unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The results of laboratory tests show that properties of the soil improved when treated with lime. The UCS and the unsoaked CBR values increased from 420 kN/m2 and 22 % for the natural soil to 447 kN/m2 and 35 %, respectively, at 2 % oil/2 % lime treatment. The UCS and CBR values increased by 6 and 59 %, respectively. Based on compaction characteristics and strength assessments, optimum properties of the oil contaminated soil were obtained at 2 % lime content. The mixture can be used as sub-base material for lightly trafficked roads.
Extract of Cassia senna as Green Inhibitor for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1M Hydrochloric Acid Solution
Authors: Karthik R. , Muthukrishnan P. , Elangovan A. , Jeyaprabha B. , Prakash P.
Published: September 2014

Anticorrosion activity of Cassia senna leaf extract (CSLE) as a corrosion inhibitor in 1M hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) has been investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Results show that the inhibition efficiency decreases with the rise of temperature from 308 to 313 K. Polarization measurements show that the CSLE acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. Nyquist plot shows that on increasing CSLE concentration, the charge transfer increases and the double-layer capacitance decreases. The adsorption of CSLE on mild steel obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies confirm the adsorption of CSLE on mild steel surfaces.
Microstructurally Mediated Changes in Fracture Characteristics for Electrochemically Hydrogenated 4340 Steel
Authors: Hassan Mobbassar Sk , Overfelt Ruel A.
Published: September 2014

The effect of hydrogen on the fracture characteristics of low alloy 4340 steel was studied using double-notched tensile samples electrochemically charged in situ with hydrogen in 1 N H2SO4 + 5 mg/l As2O3 solution. Fracture behaviors of samples with prior austenitic grain sizes of 10 and 40 μm and martensitic hardness of 43–52 HRC (Rockwell hardness, C scale) were examined after hydrogen charging times of 0–40 min. As expected, increases in hydrogen charging time and hardness resulted in decreased failure strains and decreased evidence of ductile fracture. Harder samples showed predominant intergranular fracture close to the notch and a combination of ductile and flat surfaces away from the notch. Softer samples showed mixed mode intergranular and quasi-cleavage fracture close to the notch and predominant ductile fracture as distance from the notch increased.
Hold-Time Effect on Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Life and its Implications in Durability Analysis of Components and Systems
Authors: Wei Zhigang , Luo Limin , Lin Burt , Yang Fulun , Konson Dmitri , Ellinghaus Kay , Pieszkalla Markus , Avery Katherine , Pan Jwo , Engler-Pinto Carlos C.
Published: September 2014

Thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) resistance of engineering materials is extremely important for the durability and reliability of components and systems subjected to combined thermal and mechanical loadings. However, TMF testing, modeling, simulation, validation, and the subsequent implementation of the findings into product design are challenging tasks because of the difficulties not only in testing but also in results interpretation and in the identification of the deformation and failure mechanisms. Under combined high-temperature and severe mechanical loading conditions, creep and oxidation mechanisms are activated and time-dependent failure mechanisms are superimposed to cycle-dependent fatigue, making the life assessment very complex. In this paper, the testing procedures and results for high-temperature fatigue testing using flat specimens and thermal-fatigue testing using V-shape specimens are reported; emphasis is given to hold-time effects and the possible underlying mechanisms. The uncertainty nature and the probabilistic characteristics of the V-shape specimen test data are also presented. Finally, the impact of hold-time effect on current product design and validation procedure is discussed in terms of virtual life assessment.
Relative Humidity Sensors and the Solubility of Water in Lubricants
Authors: Krause Meghan M. , Michael Paul W.
Published: September 2014

This paper presents an investigation of the solubility of water in conventional and environmentally considerate lubricants using relative humidity sensor technology. Environmentally considerate lubricants are increasingly used in fluid power applications because of their renewability and biodegradability. Biodegradable fluids are often employed in ecologically sensitive areas; moisture contamination is difficult to avoid in these places. Moisture is a concern because water contamination causes premature wear in machinery and degradation of lubricants. One means of remediating water contamination in oils is to use water-absorbing filters. Water-absorbing filters were evaluated in a laboratory test rig. The filters were effective in reducing the free and emulsified water content of test fluids, but dissolved water was not removed. The dissolved water content of the environmentally acceptable lubricant was relatively high at the end of the filtration test. To further understand these results, we examined the solubility of water in three engine oils, four hydraulic oils, and two biodegradable oils at various temperatures using a submersible relative humidity sensor. Relative humidity measurements were correlated to the water concentration of the fluids using a benchtop moisture analyzer. The relationship between oil additive element concentrations and the dissolved water content was explored.
Study of Wear Properties of Environmentally Friendly Lubricants for Gearing Applications as a Function of Film Thickness Transition
Authors: Galary Jason T.
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the tribofilm formation and the associated degrees of wear that occur in the boundary and mixed lubrication regimes for environmentally friendly synthetic lubricants and their conventional counterparts. Wear was studied using an SRV4 rotational tribometer to simulate the FZG scuffing wear test (ASTM D5182) giving wear, friction, and load coefficients. To simulate gear wear, a semispherical upper specimen and a lower disc, both made of 20MnCr5 case hardened steel, were used, as they represent the same contact geometry as meshing gear teeth. The FZG scuffing wear test simulation was run with a maximum Hertzian contact pressure of 2600 N/mm2, speeds of 50 Hz, and temperatures of 50°C, 90°C, and 150°C. A conventional anti-wear/extreme-pressure additive package composed of phosphorus and sulfur was examined, as well as NEAT fluid. The wear surfaces were analyzed through the use of an optical three-dimensional profiler. This showed the effect of the surface film regime on the wear and friction properties of environmentally friendly biodegradable synthetic lubricants versus conventional lubricants.
Fear Conditioning, Safety Learning, and Sleep in Humans
Authors: Marshall Anisa J. , Acheson Dean T. , Risbrough Victoria B. , Straus Laura D. , Drummond Sean P.A.
Published: September 2014

Fear conditioning is considered an animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Such models have shown fear conditioning disrupts subsequent rapid eye movement sleep (REM). Here, we provide a translation of these models into humans. Using the fear potentiated startle (FPS) procedure, we examined the effects of fear conditioning and safety signal learning on subsequent REM sleep in healthy adults. We also examined the effects of changes in REM sleep on retention of fear and safety learning. Participants (n= 42 normal controls) spent 3 consecutive nights in the laboratory. The first was an adaptation night. Following the second night, we administered a FPS procedure that included pairing a wrist shock with a threat signal and a safety signal never paired with a shock. The next day, we administered the FPS procedure again, with no wrist shocks to any stimulus, to measure retention of fear and safety. Canonical correlations assessed the relationship between FPS response and REM sleep. Results demonstrated that increased safety signal learning during the initial acquisition phase was associated with increased REM sleep consolidation that night, with 28.4% of the variance in increased REM sleep consolidation from baseline accounted for by safety signal learning. Overnight REM sleep was, in turn, related to overnight retention of fear and safety learning, with 22.5% of the variance in startle retention accounted for by REM sleep. These data suggest that sleep difficulties, specifically REM sleep fragmentation, may play a mechanistic role in post-traumatic stress disorder via an influence on safety signal learning and/or threat-safety discrimination.