bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türkiye’de Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Uygulamalarının Mevcut Standartları ve İyileştirme Önerileri
Authors: AKALIN Betül , İRBAN Arzu , ÖZARGUN Gizem
Published: February 2023

Modern tıp bilimsel bilgiye dayanmaktadır. Objektif ve evrensel tedavi yöntemleridir. Modern tıbbın dışında alternatif/tamamlayıcı tıp adı altında da uygulamalar yapılmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tanımına göre geleneksel tıp; çeşitli kültürlerin inançları, teorileri ve deneyimlerine dayalı, açıklanan veya açıklanamayan, sağlığın korunması, hastalıkların önlenmesi, teşhisi ve tedavisi süreçlerinin hepsinde kullanılan bilgi ve uygulamaların tümüdür. Tamamlayıcı tıp veya alternatif tıp terimlerini ise; ülkenin kendi geleneği ile ilgili olmayan, mevcut sağlık sistemine entegre edilmemiş uygulamalar olarak tanımlamıştır. Çok eskiye dayanmasına rağmen, halen kullanımı oldukça fazladır. Son dönemde bazı devletlerin ve önemli kurumların desteğiyle önü daha da açılmıştır.. Türkiye de destekleyici ülkeler arasındadır. 27 Ekim 2014 tarihinde Resmi Gazete'de yayınlanan "Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp (GETAT) Uygulamaları Yönetmeliği" ile 15 uygulama Türkiye'de yasal hale getirilmiştir. İlgili yönetmelik yasal sınırları belirsiz olan çeşitli uygulamaların düzenlenmesi açısından oldukça önemli bir adım olsa da, yetersiz kaldığına yönelik eleştiriler almaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmamızın amacı; derleme yöntemi ile mevcut çalışmaları inceleyerek, Türkiye’de GETAT uygulama standartlarını iyileştirmek için öneriler geliştirmektir. Cezai yaptırımların ağırlaştırılması, modern tıptan ayrı özel hukuki şartların belirlenmesi, medya kaynaklarına sınırlamalar getirilmesi, reçete yazmaya yönelik gerekli madde eklenmesi, hastanın kendi hekiminden uygunluk belgesi alma zorunluluğu getirilmesi, GETAT uygulamalarına özel “Bilgilendirme ve Rıza Formu” oluşturulması ve denetimlerin sıklaştırılması geliştirilen başlıca öneriler olmuştur.
Review on Epidemiology of Suicide and its Preventive Legal Implications in Islam and Pakistani Laws
Authors: Muhammad Afzal  , Bhatti Shaukat Hussain
Published: February 2023

The scientific understanding of suicide has come a long way over the past few decades. Therefore, the legal systems in Pakistan must close the gap between law and science research into suicide has made significant progress in the last few decades due to this exact factor that influences to commit suicide is difficult to judge. Pakistan is a Muslim country where suicide and suicide attempts are punishable by law. Islam does not have any explicit principles against suicide attempts, despite having strong religious sanctions against suicide. Several important aspects of suicide are discussed in this article, such as the latest findings in the field of epidemiology. The key goals of this review article are to identify the causes of suicide and enhance readers' understanding as regard of the legal system in Pakistan. This study aimed to examine, with a particular emphasis on Pakistan, the implications of suicide prevention legislation under both statute and Islamic law.
Muslim Traveller Halal Food Consumption Attitude and Behavioral Intentions of Indonesian Muslim
Authors: Amelia
Published: February 2023

The demand for a Muslim friendly tourism industry has gained momentum from increasing the number of Muslim travelers globally. This paper aims to examine the role of religiosity in Muslim tourists—attitudes and behavior of consuming halal food when traveling to non-Muslim destinations. A total of 100 respondents participated in this study via an online survey. This study uses partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess survey measurements and hypothesis testing. This study confirms that Muslim tourists' halal consumption attitude is highly dependent on the level of religiosity, subjective norms, and perceived control behavior. Besides, this study's results provide evidence that consumption attitudes mediate the relationship between subjective norms and intention to consume halal food products when traveling abroad. This study highlights a critical aspect of the growing Muslim market who travels for leisure with an urge to adhere to Islamic teachings and their religiosity. Non-Muslim destination marketers must adjust their marketing strategies and consider promoting Islamic dietary rules when planning their travel packages. This study is one of the few studies that focus on Muslim friendly tourism and the role of religiosity in Muslim tourists' consumption behavior of Halal food. This study confirms that the planned behavior model theory can explain the attitude of Muslim tourists' consumption of halal food when traveling to non-Muslim destinations.
What People Say About Halal Tourism?
Authors: Assyifa
Published: February 2023

This study aims to analyze the sentiments generated from public opinion taken from Twitter and related to halal tourism. The method used was a qualitative approach with descriptive statistics from literature studies with halal tourism. The data analyzed consisted of 906 tweets during 2021. The results showed that neutral sentiment was the highest result with 97.2%, followed by positive sentiment at 2.2% and negative sentiment at 0.6%. The diversity of the results of this sentiment is obtained because of the cons against the development of halal tourism.
Halal Travel Research Development
Authors: Nurul Izza Nadia
Published: February 2023

According to the State of the Global Islamic Economic report by Thomson Reuters in collaboration with Dinar Standard, the global Muslim market destination was valued at $140 billion in 2013, representing 11.5% of global spending. The same report also shows that the segment was worth $238 billion in 2019 and represented 13% of global spending. The Muslim consumer market has been recognized as another important segment for cross-sectoral businesses. The increasing interest has made researchers begin to focus their research on halal tourism. The increasing population and purchasing power of Muslims around the world, as well as the new era of modernization reinforce the trend of increasing halal lifestyle in tourism. Sharia values ​​will be more practiced as a way of life by seeing this condition the global market must respond to the needs, preferences, and unique market orientations as well as economic values ​​and trade. One of the halal lifestyle trends in Indonesia currently consists of the tourism sector, namely Halal Travel. This study aims to determine the development map and trends of Halal Travel. The data analyzed were more than 67 Scopus indexed research publications. The export data is then processed and analyzed using the VOSviewer application program to find out the bibliometric map of the development of Halal Travel. The results of the study show that the number of publications on the development of the role of Halal Travel research continues to increase.
Formulating Halal-Based Hospital Indicators
Authors: As-Salafiyah Aisyah
Published: February 2023

This study aims to formulate the halal-based hospital indicators using systematic review. Research will be conducted in 2021 by searching with the keyword "Halal Hospital". The data analyzed 30 halal-based hospital research publications indexed by Dimensions. Visualization of the map of the development of halal-based hospital research is obtained through the export process into the .txt file format. The export data is then processed and analyzed using the VOSviewer application program to find a bibliometric map of the development of halal-based hospital research. The results show that the number of publications on halal-based hospital research is from 2014 to 2021. Bibliometric mapping shows that the visualization of the development of halal-based hospital research is divided into 5 clusters, with the most popular keywords being hospital, Islamic medical tourism and health care provider. The most popular writers are Suhaiza Zailani and Hayatullah Lalulddin. The most popular journal is IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia (IMJM) and the most popular document is Rahman et al. (2018b). In addition, this study found indicators that are the main elements of a halal-based hospital based on Maqashid Syariah and recommendations for related parties.
A Scientometric Analysis on Halal Awareness
Authors: Nurul Izza Nadia
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the development and trend of halal awareness maps published by Scopus indexed journals. The data analyzed were 200 publications of published documents. The export data is then processed and analyzed using the R Bibliometrix application program combined with VOSviewer to determine the halal awareness bibliometric map for research development. The results showed that the number of publications with the theme of halal awareness experienced a significant increase. The results showed that the most popular journal was the Journal of Islamic Marketing, the most popular author was Abdullah A., and the most popular country was Malaysia. The most popular keyword topics are halal product, food industry, halal certification, halal logo and halal tourism. Furthermore, in conceptual structure, this research has spread thematic maps to place themes and sub-themes on the graph and divided them into four clusters (dropping or emerging themes, basic themes, highly developed and isolated themes, motor themes). Then, the conceptual framework developed will provide the necessary incentives for continued research in this emerging topic, which will benefit academics, researchers and practitioners around the world.
HPLC Determination of Biperiden in Solid Dosage Forms
Authors: Angelov Trifon , Krastanova Biljana , Pashev Alexandar , Jotova Maya
Published: February 2023

A rapid, new analytical method, based on liquid chromatography with UV detection, has been developed and utilised for the determination of biperiden hydrochloride in solid dosage forms. The chromatographic separation was performed on a conventional C18 reversed phase column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-buffer mixture. Ultraviolet detection was carried out at 205 nm. A rapid extraction procedure using ultrasonic bath obtained good extraction yield values for the analyte (≥ 98.4%). The method was developed specifically for routine analysis of biperiden in solid dosage forms in the applicable concentration range. The linearity and range of the method investigated for the assay of biperiden is between 2–6 μg mL−1. The method is selective and sufficiently precise. Thus, the method developed is suitable for routine analysis of biperiden.
Oocyte and Embryo Quality of Infertile Patients with Classic Phenotype Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome after Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation
Authors: Andreeva Petya , Valkova Luboslava , Milachich Tanya , Dimova Ivanka , Shterev Atanas
Published: February 2023

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a combination of conditions, closely associated with female infertility and metabolic syndrome. It is recognized mainly with a polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) of increased ovarian volume and pearl chain-like follicles on ultrasound, producing a large cohort of growing follicles during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) that are frequently heterogeneous in size and with poor quantity or quality of mature oocytes. However, recent data has proposed controversial opinions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the classical phenotype PCOS and the oocyte and embryo quality after COH for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
An observational case control study was conducted for a four years period at the IVF department of a private gynecological hospital. Infertile females under 39, who performed COH for ICSI were included. A total of 496 ICSI cycles were divided into two groups – a PCOS group with 109 ICSI cycles and a control group with tube infertility that encompasses 387 ICSI cycles. The main outcome measures were the quantity and quality of the retrieved oocytes and embryos as well as the ICSI outcomes (fertilization rate, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate). The statistical analyses were performed, using SPSS version 12.0 and MEDCALC® statistical software and statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.
Significantly higher mean number of total oocytes (14±6.02 SD vs. 9±3.25 SD; p < 0.0001) and meta-phase II oocytes (10±1.94 SD as opposed to 6±2.89 SD; p = 0.0001), as well as immature and atretic ones were retrieved in the PCOS group compared to the controls (p < 0.0001). However, the fertilization rate did not differ among the two groups (66.8% and 62.4%, respectively). Despite obtaining significantly more embryos in the PCOS patients (9±5.17 SD vs. 6±2.96 SD; p < 0.0001), there were no differences between the two groups regarding the figures of the top quality embryos (25.6% and 29%, respectively), implantation rate (19.7% and 19.95%, respectively) and clinical pregnancy rate (28.4% and 33.6%, respectively, NS).
Patients with classic phenotype PCOS are not associated with poor oocyte and embryo quality or with unfavourable ICSI outcome after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
Mini-incision Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Georgiev Georgi , Karabinov Vesselin
Published: February 2023

Carpal tunnel syndrome has been reported as the most common neuropathy in humans. The syndrome has a major impact on socio-economic life due to its high incidence and it usually affects the working-age population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results and reliability after our own mini-open incision with simple retractors from eye surgery, through a 1.5–2.0 cm long incision. For this reason, we used Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
The study included 24 operated hands in 23 patients (79% females; 21% males). The right hand was affected in 19 patients (83%), the left – in three patients (13%) and in one patient (4%) we performed bilateral decompression. The mean length of the incision scar was 1.5 ± 0.3 cm.В Subjectively, most of the patients (20 of 23) had improvement of paresthesia after 3 months postoperative examination. No patients reported recurrence of the symptoms that would require second decompression. Significant differences between the preand postoperative evaluation were observed in Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
In conclusion, our study presented that the median nerve decompression with a mini-incision technique was safe and effective operative technique with short learning curve, especially for experienced with opened techniques hand surgeons. The final results revealed that patients with mini-incision approach have satisfactory surgical outcomes, low postoperative complications, good patient satisfaction and appearance.
Evaluation of the Significance of the Psychosocial Risk Factors in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Shtonova Nedelia , Traykov Latchezar , Grozdinski Lachezar
Published: February 2023

The report presents a randomized study to assess the significance of psychosocial (PS) factors for the dominant brain form of atherosclerosis – cerebrovascular disease (CVD), using a battery of original tests to assess and quantify the psychosocial status of the subjects and a validated test for conventional risk factors, compiled in an integrated questionnaire. The study enrolled a total of 201 subjects: normal control group (NC, N=100); group of patients with CVD (CVD; N=101). The test for conventional risk factors (I) found significantly higher negative values in patients with CVD, in comparison to the clinically healthy control group. In the case of the specific PS tests II (Psychosocial Personality Assessment), III (Spiritual Dysfunction), and IV (Stress and Adaptation), we found significantly lower parameter values in the CVD group vs. the NC group. The study using the cognitive test V, found again significantly lower test values in patients with CVD, compared to the NC subjects. On the basis of the settled standards, it was found that PS test II, III and IV parameters were normal in 76% of cases in the clinically healthy subjects and were risky or pathological in almost 60% of cases in patients with atherosclerosis. The deteriorated quality of life and lack of happiness comprise a major risk factor for the onset and development of atherosclerosis. The relative risk (RR) for developing atherosclerosis in conventional risk factors according to Test I is 1.5. In the case of the PS risk factors, the RR values are 1.5. These findings firmly demonstrate that the psychosocial factors are just as significant risk factors for atherosclerosis as the conventional ones.
Engineering Inflammation‐Resistant Cartilage: Bridging Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Bonato Angela , Fisch Philipp , Ponta Simone , Fercher David , Manninen Mikko , Weber Daniel , Eklund Kari K. , Barreto Goncalo , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy
Published: February 2023

Articular cartilage defects caused by traumatic injury rarely heal spontaneously and predispose into post‐traumatic osteoarthritis. In the current autologous cell‐based treatments the regenerative process is often hampered by the poor regenerative capacity of adult cells and the inflammatory state of the injured joint. The lack of ideal treatment options for cartilage injuries motivated the authors to tissue engineer a cartilage tissue which would be more resistant to inflammation. A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐Cas9 knockout of TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) gene in polydactyly chondrocytes provides multivalent protection against the signals that activate the pro‐inflammatory and catabolic NF‐κB pathway. The TAK1‐KO chondrocytes encapsulate into a hyaluronan hydrogel deposit copious cartilage extracellular matrix proteins and facilitate integration onto native cartilage, even under proinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, when implanted in vivo, compared to WT fewer pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages invade the cartilage, likely due to the lower levels of cytokines secreted by the TAK1‐KO polydactyly chondrocytes. The engineered cartilage thus represents a new paradigm‐shift for the creation of more potent and functional tissues for use in regenerative medicine.
Laser‐Carbonization – A Powerful Tool for Micro‐Fabrication of Patterned Electronic Carbons
Authors: Devi Mamta , Wang Huize , Moon Sanghwa , Sharma Swati , Strauss Volker
Published: February 2023

Fabricating electronic devices from natural, renewable resources is a common goal in engineering and materials science. In this regard, carbon is of special significance due to its biocompatibility combined with electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability. In microelectronics, however, carbon's device application is often inhibited by tedious and expensive preparation processes and a lack of control over processing and material parameters. Laser‐assisted carbonization is emerging as a tool for the precise and selective synthesis of functional carbon‐based materials for flexible device applications. In contrast to conventional carbonization via in‐furnace pyrolysis, laser‐carbonization is induced photo‐thermally and occurs on the time‐scale of milliseconds. By careful selection of the precursors and process parameters, the properties of this so‐called laser‐patterned carbon (LP‐C) such as porosity, surface polarity, functional groups, degree of graphitization, charge‐carrier structure, etc. can be tuned. In this critical review, a common perspective is generated on laser‐carbonization in the context of general carbonization strategies, fundamentals of laser‐induced materials processing, and flexible electronic applications, like electrodes for sensors, electrocatalysts, energy storage, or antennas. An attempt is made to have equal emphasis on material processing and application aspects such that this emerging technology can be optimally positioned in the broader context of carbon‐based microfabrication.
Metal‐Halide Perovskite Lasers: Cavity Formation and Emission Characteristics
Authors: Moon Jiyoung , Mehta Yash , Gundogdu Kenan , So Franky , Gu Qing
Published: February 2023

Hybrid metal‐halide perovskites (MHPs) have shown remarkable optoelectronic properties as well as facile and cost‐effective processability. With the success of MHP solar cells and light‐emitting diodes, MHPs have also exhibited great potential as gain media for on‐chip lasers. However, to date, stable operation of optically pumped MHP lasers and electrically driven MHP lasers—an essential requirement for MHP laser's insertion into chip‐scale photonic integrated circuits—is not yet demonstrated. The main obstacles include the instability of MHPs in the atmosphere, rudimentary MHP laser cavity patterning methods, and insufficient understanding of emission mechanisms in MHP materials and cavities. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of different strategies to improve the intrinsic properties of MHPs in the atmosphere and to establish an optimal MHP cavity patterning method. In addition, this review discusses different emission mechanisms in MHP materials and cavities and how to distinguish them.
An n‐Type All‐Fused‐Ring Molecule with Photoresponse to 1000 nm for Highly Sensitive Near‐Infrared Photodetector
Authors: Zhang Yingze , Yu Yingjian , Liu Xinyu , Miao Junhui , Han Yanchun , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang
Published: February 2023

Most of all‐fused‐ring π‐conjugated molecules have wide or medium bandgap and show photo response in the visible range. In this work, an all‐fused‐ring n‐type molecule, which exhibits an ultrasmall optical bandgap of 1.22 eV and strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption with an onset absorption wavelength of 1013 nm is reported. The molecule consists of 14 aromatic rings and has electron donor–acceptor characteristics. It exhibits excellent n‐type properties with low‐lying HOMO/LUMO energy levels of −5.48 eV/−3.95 eV and high electron mobility of 7.0 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Most importantly, its thin film exhibits a low trap density of 5.55 × 1016 cm−3 because of the fixed molecular conformation and consequently low conformation disorder. As a result, organic photodetector (OPD) based on the compound exhibits a remarkably low dark current density (Jd) of 2.01 × 10−10 A cm−2 at 0 V. The device shows a shot‐noise‐limited specific detectivity (Dsh*) of exceeding 1013 Jones at 400–1000 nm wavelength region with a peak specific detectivity of 4.65 × 1013 Jones at 880 nm. This performance is among the best reported for self‐powered NIR OPDs.
Controlled Isotropic Canalization of Microsized Silicon Enabling Stable High‐Rate and High‐Loading Lithium Storage
Authors: Wang Denghui , Ma Yingjie , Xu Wenqiang , Zhang Siyuan , Wang Bin , Zhi Linjie , Li Xianglong
Published: February 2023

Silicon is attractive for lithium‐ion batteries and beyond but suffers large volume change upon cycling. Hierarchical tactics show promise yet lack control over the unit construction and arrangement, limiting stability improvement at the practical level. Here, a protocol is developed as controlled isotropic canalization of microsized silicon. Distinct from the existing strategies, it involves isotropic canalization by honeycomb‐like radial arrangement of silicon nanosheets, and canal consolidation by controlled dual bonding of silicon with carbon. The proof‐of‐concept nitrogen‐doped carbon dual‐bonded silicon honeycomb‐like microparticles, specifically with a medium density of CNSi and COSi bonds, exhibit stable cycling impressively at high rates and industrial‐scale loadings. Two key issues involve isotropic canalization facilitating ion transport in all directions of individual granules and controlled consolidation conferring selective ion permeation and securing charge transport. The study highlights the configurational isotropy and interfacial bonding density, and provides insight into rational design and manufacture of silicon and others with industry‐viable features.
The role of digital technologies in supporting the implementation of circular economy practices by industrial small and medium enterprises
Authors: Neri Alessandra , Negri Marta , Cagno Enrico , Franzò Simone , Kumar Vikas , Lampertico Tommaso , Bassani Carlo Andrea
Published: February 2023

The adoption of Industry 4.0's digital technologies can enable the implementation of circular economy practices. Nonetheless, current indications for industrial practitioners on how to exploit the broad set of technologies for circular transition appear unclear. This issue is even more challenging for small and medium enterprises, which are typically endowed with more limited resources than larger firms and are characterised by both a digital and circular divide. This present study contributes to the academic debate by offering an exploratory empirical analysis—based on semi‐structured interviews—that involved 10 Italian industrial small and medium enterprises to deepen the knowledge of the supporting role played by digital technologies in implementing circular economy practices by small and medium enterprises, also considering the potential synergies among such technologies. Results are of interest also to industrial decision‐makers, allowing them to exploit their firms' resources towards the adoption of those digital technologies that could be more effective to foster the circular transition.
Transcatheter closure of large postinfarct ventricular septal defect: Initial results of prototype Occlutech® device including the first‐in‐human
Authors: Lee Kuo Ting , Taliotis Demetris , Hamilton Mark , Manghat Nathan , Bedair Radwa , Turner Mark
Published: February 2023

Background

Postinfarct ventricular septal rupture is a serious complication in delayed or failed reperfusion with a grim prognosis. The optimal timing and treatment option remain debatable in the absence of randomized controlled trials. Percutaneous device closure is a well‐reported and less invasive treatment option but recent imaging studies indicate that majority of defects are too large to be adequately covered by the currently Conformite Europeenne and Food and Drug Administration approved occluder devices.

Methods

Six patients presented with large and complex postinfarct ventricular septal ruptures, considered unsuitable for the Amplatzer post‐infarct ventricular septal defect Occluder, so were treated using the prototype Occlutech® 36 mm PI‐VSD occluder, including the first‐in‐human use.

Results

The prototype device was successfully deployed in all patients with satisfactory immediate results and shunt reduction. Three patients (50%) in cardiogenic shock did not survive beyond discharge, of which two were complicated by device dislodgement or embolization.

Conclusions

Percutaneous closure of large postinfarct ventricular septal ruptures is possible using newer device with a wider coverage. Further device refinement is necessary to improve treatment outcomes.
Changes within Liver Accounts for Fatty Acids Decrease in the Blood of Rats with Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis
Authors: Yu Li‐Jun , Ji Cong‐Lan , Wang Yan , Feng Dan‐Dan , Gu Shao‐Fei , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua , Zuo Jian , Han Jun
Published: February 2023

This study characterizes rheumatoid arthritis‐related free fatty acids (FFAs) changes using adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) model. Blood FFAs of healthy and AIA rats are periodically determined. During acute inflammation, FFAs levels are analyzed under both fasting and non‐fasting conditions. Oral intake capacities are compared by everted intestinal sac experiment. Tissue distribution of FFAs in the rats fed with/without linolenic acid is also investigated. AIA decreases FFAs in rats. Saturated FFAs are gradually recovered, but unsaturated FFAs are further reduced till the secondary inflammation. FFAs level gap remains unchanged regardless of feeding/fasting, and intestinal intake capacities of the rats are similar. FFAs levels in liver fluctuate in accordance with blood levels. Increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT‐1) reveals the accelerated FFAs utilization in AIA rats, resulting in the accumulation of acetoacetic acid and 2‐hydroxybutyrate. Hepatocytes incubated with AIA serum take in more FFAs than normal controls when supply is sufficient. To the opposite, intracellular FFAs are reduced after AIA serum stimulus without additional supply. Besides, AIA serum‐challenged cells produce more CPT‐1. Hence, the reduced circulating FFAs in AIA rats should be attributed to the accelerated utilization in liver.

Practical Applications: This study provides additional possible therapeutic approaches for the treatment of RA by focusing on the changes of blood FFAs. Obtained clues demonstrate that liver will be a key in the elucidation of RA‐related lipid paradox, and diet supplement of the unsaturated FFAs will be beneficial in treating RA.
Instability prediction model of remaining coal pillars under remining disturbance
Authors: Tian Ye , Gong Peilin , Zhao Tong , Yi Kang , Wen Guang
Published: February 2023

To address the instability timing problem of residual coal pillars under mining disturbance, their stress migration law and instability mechanism were studied via numerical simulation, physical simulation, and engineering tests considering residual coal remining in the 3101 working face of the Shenghua Coal Industry. The results show that as the mining progresses, the stress concentrates on both sides of the remaining coal pillar and empty roadway. When the first coal pillar in front of the working face loses its bearing capacity, the stress is transmitted forward, resulting in the advanced collapse of the empty roadway roof and an excessive load on the second coal pillar in front of the working face. Additionally, the critical value prediction model of the coal pillar stability safety factor was constructed. If is less than the critical value during the repeated mining period, the remaining coal pillar must be reinforced. A hollow grouting crossed anchor is selected for coal pillar reinforcement; thus, realizing the safe mining of the remaining coal pillars. Our research results provide theoretical support for the safe secondary mining of coal in China and similar coal mines worldwide.
Decarbonization potential of future sustainable propulsion—A review of road transportation
Authors: Yu Xiao , LeBlanc Simon , Sandhu Navjot , Wang Linyan , Wang Meiping , Zheng Ming
Published: February 2023

Modern automotive propulsion technologies must achieve the highest CO2 reduction potential quickly to abide by the requirements of the Paris Climate Agreement. A collective utilization of renewable fuels, e‐fuels, hydrogen, and electrical energy will be able to meet different mobility and transport requirements in an optimal and CO2‐neutral approach. The well‐to‐wheel greenhouse gas emissions of a propulsion system are determined by two factors, that is, the energy efficiency of the system and the carbon intensity of the energy source. Regardless of the CO2 emission generated during the battery manufacturing and recycling process, the carbon intensity of the battery electric vehicles during operation is mainly decided by the carbon intensity of the electricity being consumed. The relatively low fleet ratios of battery electric and hydrogen‐powered vehicles and the massive remaining useful life of current internal combustion engine vehicle stock limit their impact on decarbonization in the near term. The expansion of charging infrastructure requires significant acceleration for the success of large‐scale and rapid electric vehicle adoption. For internal combustion engines, the focus is to further improve energy efficiency and the adoption of low‐to‐zero carbon renewable fuels. Hybrid and plug‐in hybrid vehicles are demonstrating the advantages of combining state‐of‐the‐art technologies to reduce both energy consumption and carbon emissions. In this review, the present status of propulsion systems is reviewed in detail, considering both the market penetration and well‐to‐wheel carbon emissions. The decarbonization potentials of various propulsion systems are then discussed.
Catalytic effects of molybdate and chromate–molybdate films deposited on platinum for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Diaz‐Morales Oscar , Lindberg Aleksandra , Smulders Vera , Anil Athira , Simic Nina , Wildlock Mats , Alvarez Germán Salazar , Mul Guido , Mei Bastian , Cornell Ann
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Sodium chlorate (NaClO3) is extensively used in the paper industry, but its production uses strictly regulated highly toxic Na2Cr2O7 to reach high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) Faradaic efficiencies. It is therefore important to find alternatives either to replace Na2Cr2O7 or reduce its concentration.

RESULTS

The Na2Cr2O7 concentration can be significantly reduced by using Na2MoO4 as an electrolyte co‐additive. Na2MoO4 in the millimolar range shifts the platinum cathode potential to less negative values due to an activating effect of cathodically deposited Mo species. It also acts as a stabilizer of the electrodeposited chromium hydroxide but has a minor effect on the HER Faradaic efficiency. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show cathodic deposition of molybdenum of different oxidation states, depending on deposition conditions. Once Na2Cr2O7 was present, molybdenum was not detected by XPS, as it is likely that only trace levels were deposited. Using electrochemical measurements and mass spectrometry we quantitatively monitored H2 and O2 production rates. The results indicate that 3 μmol L−1 Na2Cr2O7 (contrary to current industrial 10–30 mmol L−1) is sufficient to enhance the HER Faradaic efficiency on platinum by 15%, and by co‐adding 10 mmol L−1 Na2MoO4 the cathode is activated while avoiding detrimental O2 generation from chemical and electrochemical reactions. Higher concentrations of Na2MoO4 led to increased oxygen production.

CONCLUSION

Careful tuning of the molybdate concentration can enhance performance of the chlorate process using chromate in the micromolar range. These insights could be also exploited in the efficient hydrogen generation by photocatalytic water splitting and in the remediation of industrial wastewater. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Agitation does not induce fibrillation in reduced hen egg‐white lysozyme at physiological temperature and pH
Authors: Malik Ajamaluddin , Khan Javed Masood , Alhomida Abdullah S. , Ola Mohammad Shamsul , Alokail Majed S. , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz , Alenad Amal M. , Altwaijry Nojood , Alafaleq Nouf Omar , Odeibat Hamza
Published: February 2023

Several proteins and peptides tend to form an amyloid fibril, causing a range of unrelated diseases, from neurodegenerative to certain types of cancer. In the native state, these proteins are folded and soluble. However, these proteins acquired β‐sheet amyloid fibril due to unfolding and aggregation. The conversion mechanism from well‐folded soluble into amorphous or amyloid fibril is not well understood yet. Here, we induced unfolding and aggregation of hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEWL) by reducing agent dithiothreitol and applied mechanical sheering force by constant shaking (1000 rpm) on the thermostat for 7 days. Our turbidity results showed that reduced HEWL rapidly formed aggregates, and a plateau was attained in nearly 5 h of incubation in both shaking and non‐shaking conditions. The turbidity was lower in the shaking condition than in the non‐shaking condition. The thioflavin T binding and transmission electron micrographs showed that reduced HEWL formed amorphous aggregates in both conditions. Far‐UV circular dichroism results showed that reduced HEWL lost nearly all alpha‐helical structure, and β‐sheet secondary structure was not formed in both conditions. All the spectroscopic and microscopic results showed that reduced HEWL formed amorphous aggregates under both conditions.
Comprehensive characterization of amino acids and water‐soluble vitamins in a pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures rat model
Authors: Jiang Xiaomei , Wang Yan , Liu Jia
Published: February 2023

Epilepsy is a complex neurological disease characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures that affect around 1% of the global population. Despite the significant progress in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis, there is still about 60% of cases in which the cause is unknown. Thus, revealing the molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis will greatly improve the development of epilepsy treatment. Since the comprehensive characterization of amino acids and water‐soluble vitamins is important in understanding the underlying mechanisms of epilepsy or seizures, we developed two liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry methods to quantify 17 water‐soluble vitamins and 46 amino acids and applied them to our pentylenetetrazole‐induced kindling rat model. All water‐soluble vitamins were detected with a linearity of r > 0.992 and limits of quantitation between 0.1 and 5 ng/ml except for nicotinic acid. For amino acids, the linearities obtained were good with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99, and matrix effects were between 85.3% and 110%. To handle the multidimensional data more effectively, multivariate statistical analysis approaches used in non‐targeted metabolomics were creatively exploited in the visualization, interpretation, and exploration of the results.
Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electrophoresis in proteomics and peptidomics (mid‐2018–2022)
Authors: Štěpánová Sille , Kašička Václav
Published: February 2023

This review gives a wide overview of recent advances and applications of capillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis methods in the fields of proteomics and peptidomics in the period from mid‐2018 up to the end of 2022. The methodological topics covering sample preparation and concentration techniques, hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis methods with mass spectrometry, and multidimensional separations by on‐line or off‐line coupled different capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography techniques are described and new developments in both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches in proteomics are presented. In addition, various applications of capillary electrophoresis methods in proteomic and peptidomic studies are demonstrated. They include monitoring of protein posttranslational modifications and applications in biological and biochemical research, clinical peptidomics and proteomics, and food analysis.
Alleviated environmental constraints and restructured fungal microbiome facilitate aggregate formation and stabilization in coastal mudflat saline soil amended by sewage sludge
Authors: Li Yunlong , Shen Chao , Wang Yimin , Xu Lu , Zhao Yilin , Yi Siqiang , Zuo Wengang , Yao Rongjiang , Zhang Xing , Gu Chuanhui , Shan Yuhua , Bai Yanchao
Published: February 2023

Soil aggregates are important drivers of soil productivity. However, the relative importance of soil abiotic and biotic agents in driving aggregate formation and stabilization remain largely unexplored, especially in coastal mudflat saline soils. We amended saline soil with sewage sludge at rates of 0, 30, 75, and 150 t ha−1 to investigate the effects of sewage sludge on the particle size distribution and stability of soil aggregate and the underlying mechanisms induced by soil environmental factors and fungal community. Results revealed that the sewage sludge amendment significantly (p < 0.05) increased the proportion of macroaggregates with sizes larger than 0.25 mm (R0.25) and enhanced aggregate stability. Moreover, alleviation of saline‐alkali stress and nutrient (C, N, and P) deficiency conditions were significantly (p < 0.05) observed in sewage sludge‐amended soils. Additionally, restructured fungal communities in amended soils harbored significantly (p < 0.05) distinguishable structures and core and unique microbiomes. Particularly, fungal species belonging to Moterella significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in sludge reclaimed soils. Results derived from the random forest (RF) model accompanied by linear regression analysis revealed that soil pH, soil organic carbon, and fungal structural diversity were significantly (p < 0.05) related to aggregate composition (R0.25) and stability (geometric average diameter, GMD). Furthermore, fungal consortia composed of 20 closely interconnected operational taxonomic units (OTUs) affiliated with Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota explained 28.36% and 49.88% variance of R0.25 and GMD, respectively. Overall, our results revealed the effect of sewage sludge on soil aggregation improvement in coastal areas and highlighted the respective importance of soil chemical properties and fungal microbiome in predicting aggregation status.
Technical note: First implementation of a one‐stop solution of radiotherapy with full‐workflow automation based on CT‐linac combination
Authors: Yu Lei , Zhao Jun , Xia Fan , Zhang Zhiyuan , Liu Yanfang , Zhang Wei , Zhou Jingjie , Wang Jiazhou , Hu Weigang , Zhang Zhen
Published: February 2023

Background

Radiotherapy initiation is a laborious and time‐consuming process that involves multiple steps and units. Workflow automation is in demand to improve the work efficiency and patient experience.

Purpose

The purposes of this study are to describe the technical characteristics and clinical performance of an AI‐powered one‐stop radiotherapy workflow for initial treatment based on CT‐linac combination, and provide insight into the behavior of full‐workflow automation in radiotherapy.

Methods

Based on a CT‐integrated linear accelerator and AI model implementation, the so‐called “All‐in‐One” workflow incorporates routine procedures from simulation, autosegmentation, autoplanning, image guidance, beam delivery, and in vivo quality assurance (QA) into one scheme, while the patient is on the treatment couch. Clinical outcomes of the new workflow were evaluated for 10 enrolled patients with rectal cancer.

Results

For the enrolled patients, manual modifications of the autosegmented target volumes were necessary. The Dice similarity coefficient and 95% Hausdorff distance before and after the modifications were 0.892 ± 0.061 and 18.2 ± 13.0 mm, respectively. The autosegmented normal tissues and automatic plans were clinically acceptable without any modifications or reoptimization. The pretreatment IGRT corrections were within 2 mm in all directions, and the EPID‐based in vivo QA showed γ passing rate of above 97% (3%/3 mm/10% threshold) at all the checkpoints, better than the results of rectal patients who followed a routine workflow. The duration of the whole process was 23.2 ± 3.5 minutes for the enrolled patients, depending mostly on the time required for manual modification and plan evaluation.

Conclusion

The All‐in‐One workflow enables full‐process automation of radiotherapy via seamless procedure integration. Compared to the routine workflow, the one‐stop solution shortens the time scale it takes to ready the first treatment from days to minutes, significantly improving the patient experience and the workflow efficiency, and it also shows potential to facilitate clinical application of online adaptive replanning.
CT‐based radiomics for the identification of colorectal cancer liver metastases sensitive to first‐line irinotecan‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Qi Wei , Yang Jing , Zheng Longbo , Lu Yun , Liu Ruiqing , Ju Yiheng , Niu Tianye , Wang Dongsheng
Published: February 2023

Background

Chemosensitivity prediction in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases has remained a research hotspot. Radiomics can extract features from patient imaging, and deep learning or machine learning can be used to build models to predict patient outcomes prior to chemotherapy.

Purpose

In this study, the radiomics features and clinical data of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases were used to predict their sensitivity to irinotecan‐based chemotherapy.

Methods

A total of 116 patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases who received first‐line irinotecan‐based chemotherapy from January 2015 to January 2020 in our institution were retrospectively collected. Overall, 116 liver metastases were randomly divided into training (n = 81) and validation (n = 35) cohorts in a 7:3 ratio. The effect of chemotherapy was determined based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. The lesions were divided into response and nonresponse groups. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually segmented, and sample sizes of 1×1×1, 3×3×3, 5×5×5 mm3 were used to extract radiomics features. The relevant features were identified through Pearson correlation analysis and the MRMR algorithm, and the clinical data were merged into the artificial neural network. Finally, the p‐model was obtained after repeated learning and testing.

Results

The p‐model could distinguish responders in the training (area under the curve [AUC] 0.754, 95% CI 0.650‐0.858) and validation cohorts (AUC 0.752 95% CI 0.581‐0.904). AUC values of the pure image group model are 0.720 (95% CI 0.609‐0.827) and 0.684 (95% CI 0.529‐0.890) for the training and validation cohorts respectively. As for the clinical data model, AUC values of the training and validation cohorts are 0.638 (95% CI 0.500‐0.757) and 0.545 (95% CI 0.360‐0.785), respectively. The performances of the latter two are less than that of the former.

Conclusion

The p‐model has the potential to discriminate colorectal cancer patients sensitive to chemotherapy. This model holds promise as a noninvasive tool to predict the response of colorectal liver metastases to chemotherapy, allowing for personalized treatment planning.
A novel approach to infectious disease control and radiotherapy risk management
Authors: Islam Naveed M. , Wadi‐Ramahi Shada J. , Lalonde Ron , Baig Tanvir , diMayorca Maria , Clump David A. , Huq M. Saiful
Published: February 2023

Background

Infectious disease outbreaks have always presented challenges to the operation of healthcare systems. In particular, the treatment of cancer patients within Radiation Oncology often cannot be delayed or compromised due to infection control measures. Therefore, there is a need for a strategic approach to simultaneously managing infection control and radiotherapy risks.

Purpose

To develop a systematic risk management method that uses mathematical models to design mitigation efforts for control of an infectious disease outbreak, while ensuring safe delivery of radiotherapy.

Methods

A two‐stage failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) approach is proposed to modify radiotherapy workflow during an infectious disease outbreak. In stage 1, an Infection Control FMEA (IC‐FMEA) is conducted, where risks are evaluated based on environmental parameters, clinical interactions, and modeling of infection risk. occupancy risk index (ORI) is defined as a metric for infection transmission risk level in each room, based on the degree of occupancy. ORI, in combination with ventilation rate per person (Rp), is used to provide a broad infection risk assessment of workspaces. For detailed IC‐FMEA of clinical processes, infection control failure mode (ICFM) is defined to be any instance of disease transmission within the clinic. Infection risk priority number (IRPN) has been formulated as a function of time, distance, and degree of protective measures. Infection control measures are then systematically integrated into the workflow. Since the workflow is perturbed by infection control measures, there is a possibility of introducing new radiotherapy failure modes or increased likelihood of existing failure modes. Therefore, in stage 2, a conventional radiotherapy FMEA (RT‐FMEA) should be performed on the adjusted workflow.

Results

The COVID‐19 pandemic was used to illustrate stage 1 IC‐FMEA. ORI and Rp values were calculated for various workspaces within a clinic. A deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) CT simulation was used as an example to demonstrate detailed IC‐FMEA with ICFM identification and IRPN evaluation. A total of 90 ICFMs were identified in the DIBH simulation process. The calculated IRPN values were found to be progressively decreasing for workflows with minimal, moderate, and enhanced levels of protective measures.

Conclusion

The framework developed in this work provides tools for radiotherapy clinics to systematically assess risk and adjust workflows during the evolving circumstances of any infectious disease outbreak.