bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurses' experiences of transitions of older patients from hospitals to community care. A nation‐wide survey in Norway
Authors: Gautun Heidi , Bratt Christopher , Billings Jenny
Published: July 2020

Background and Aims

Moving older patients from hospitals to community services is a critical phase of integrated care. Yet, large‐scale research on the quality of these transitions has been missing. Consequently, it has been difficult to assess to what extent and how patient transitions need to be improved. The purpose of this research was to gather the perspective of nurses involved in the transition of older patients (defined as patients 65 years or older) in Norway.

Methods

Data were collected in 2017 among Norwegian nurses with two nationwide web‐based surveys, one among nurses working at in‐patient wards in acute hospitals, and another among nurses in home nursing and nursing homes in the community. We sent emails to all nurses who were members of the Norwegian Nurses Organisation (NSS), where most Norwegian nurses are organised. The email included a recommendation by the NSS. Instructions in the email and the online questionnaire ensured that only nurses involved in the transition of older patients participated. The online questionnaire assessed nurses' evaluations of the quality of patient transitions and information exchange between the services involved in patient transitions.

Results

4312 nurses working in community care services and 2421 nurses at in‐patient wards at hospitals responded. Both groups were predominantly female (94%), and nearly 90% of Norway's 428 municipalities were included in the study. Compared to hospital nurses, the nurses working in community care experienced lower quality of patient transitions and were less satisfied with the information exchange on patients' condition and needs. Further, when comparing groups of community nurses, we found that nurses in home nursing were more dissatisfied with the quality of transitions and information exchange than nurses in nursing homes.

Conclusion

We conclude that hospital nurses should have more face‐to‐face or telephone contact with community nurses, and specifically with home nurses. Further, we suggest promoting a mutual understanding of the older patients' pathway from one service to the other, and to improve co‐ordination across the services. We suggest that one means to achieve such improvements is to use multi‐disciplinary discharge teams, while another is to develop case management or care navigator roles specific to the discharge process.
Unilateral axillary nerve palsy following birthing bar use
Authors: Tremolizzo Lucio , Storti Benedetta , Ferrarese Carlo , Appollonio Ildebrando
Published: July 2020

The present study reports a case of left axillary nerve palsy following kneeling pushing phase using a birthing bar. The palsy eventually resolved; however, neuritis puerperalis has the potential to be highly disabling.
A novel DSN‐based fluorescence assay for MicroRNA‐133a detection and its application for LVH diagnosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Huang Pei , Guo Xuedan , Jin Yan , Huang Qing
Published: July 2020

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most powerful predictor of cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Circulating microRNA‐133a (miR‐133a) was reported to be a potential biomarker for LVH in MHD patients. The aim of this experiment is to establish a novel DSN (duplex‐specific‐nuclease)‐based fluorescence assay for the ultrasensitive detection of miR‐133a and investigate its application for LVH diagnosis in MHD patients. The results indicate DSN enzyme combined with ultrathin metallic MoS2 nanosheets presents high sensitivity, specificity, and low fluorescence background for miR‐133a detection. Then, circulating miR‐133a levels in plasma from 40 MHD patients and 20 healthy controls are analyzed by such assay. The levels of miR‐133a are down‐regulated in MHD patients with LVH compared to MHD patients without LVH and healthy controls, and the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve shows strong separation between MHD with LVH patients and MHD without LVH patients. Furthermore, the liner regression analysis shows negative correlation of miR‐133a level and interventricular septum thickness (IVS) as well as left ventricular mass index (LVMI), the indicators of LVH. Therefore, our findings reveal DSN‐based fluorescence assay for miR‐133a is suitable for LVH diagnosis in MHD patients.
Effectively Measuring Exercise‐Related Variations in T1ρ and T2 Relaxation Times of Healthy Articular Cartilage
Authors: Kessler Dimitri A. , MacKay James W. , McDonald Scott , McDonnell Stephen , Grainger Andrew J. , Roberts Alexandra R. , Janiczek Robert L. , Graves Martin J. , Kaggie Joshua D. , Gilbert Fiona J.
Published: July 2020

Background

Determining the compositional response of articular cartilage to dynamic joint‐loading using MRI may be a more sensitive assessment of cartilage status than conventional static imaging. However, distinguishing the effects of joint‐loading vs. inherent measurement variability remains difficult, as the repeatability of these quantitative methods is often not assessed or reported.

Purpose

To assess exercise‐induced changes in femoral, tibial, and patellar articular cartilage composition and compare these against measurement repeatability.

Study Type

Prospective observational study.

Population

Phantom and 19 healthy participants.

Field Strength/Sequence

3T; 3D fat‐saturated spoiled gradient recalled‐echo; T1ρ‐ and T2‐prepared pseudosteady‐state 3D fast spin echo.

Assessment

The intrasessional repeatability of T1ρ and T2 relaxation mapping, with and without knee repositioning between two successive measurements, was determined in 10 knees. T1ρ and T2 relaxation mapping of nine knees was performed before and at multiple timepoints after a 5‐minute repeated, joint‐loading stepping activity. 3D surface models were created from patellar, femoral, and tibial articular cartilage.

Statistical Tests

Repeatability was assessed using root‐mean‐squared‐CV (RMS‐CV). Using Bland–Altman analysis, thresholds defined as the smallest detectable difference (SDD) were determined from the repeatability data with knee repositioning.

Results

Without knee repositioning, both surface‐averaged T1ρ and T2 were very repeatable on all cartilage surfaces, with RMS‐CV <1.1%. Repositioning of the knee had the greatest effect on T1ρ of patellar cartilage with the surface‐averaged RMS‐CV = 4.8%. While T1ρ showed the greatest response to exercise at the patellofemoral cartilage region, the largest changes in T2 were determined in the lateral femorotibial region. Following thresholding, significant (>SDD) average exercise‐induced in T1ρ and T2 of femoral (–8.0% and –5.3%), lateral tibial (–6.9% and –5.9%), medial tibial (+5.8% and +2.9%), and patellar (–7.9% and +2.8%) cartilage were observed.

Data Conclusion

Joint‐loading with a stepping activity resulted in T1ρ and T2 changes above background measurement error.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy Stage

1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1753–1764.
Characterizing correlations among disease severity measures in osteochondral tissues from osteoarthritic knees
Authors: Werner Nicole C. , Stoker Aaron M. , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Keeney James A. , Cook James L.
Published: July 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease with biologic, biomechanical, and clinical heterogeneity among patients. Relationships among OA tissue metabolism, histopathology, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition have not been well characterized. It was hypothesized that moderate (r = .4‐.69) to strong (r > .7) correlations exist among these different measures of disease severity in osteochondral tissues from OA knees. Joint surfaces were obtained from patients (n = 6) undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Osteochondral explants (n = 136) were created and cultured for 3 days. Culture media were collected for biomarker analyses, and tissue was assessed for viability, histological scoring, and ECM composition. Correlations among media biomarker concentrations, histological scoring, ECM composition, and viability were determined using a Spearman correlation. GRO‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 showed strong positive correlations to each other, and moderate positive correlations to NO, PGE2, and MMP‐2. Total MMP activity, MMP‐9, and MMP‐13 had strong positive correlations to each other, and moderate positive correlations to MMP‐1. MMP‐2 had a moderate to strong positive correlations to histological scores (total and cartilage structure) and collagen content. MMP‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 had moderate negative correlations, and MMP‐9 had a moderate positive correlation, to viability. GRO‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 had moderate positive correlations to collagen content. MMP‐9, MMP‐13, and total MMP activity had moderate negative correlations to tissue GAG. The data suggest links among proinflammatory and degradative pathways are present in OA osteochondral tissues. Further characterization of these links have the potential to delineate mechanisms of disease and diagnostic and therapeutic targets for knee OA.
Clinical and Radiological Evaluations of COVID‐19 Patients With Anosmia: Preliminary Report
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Michel Justin , Radulesco Thomas , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos M. , Vaira Luigi A. , De Riu Giacomo , Sowerby Leigh , Hopkins Claire , Saussez Sven
Published: July 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

To investigate clinical and radiological features of olfactory clefts of patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).

Study Design

Prospective non controlled study.

Methods

Sixteen COVID‐19 patients were recruited. The epidemiological and clinical data were extracted. Nasal complaints were assessed through the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test. Patients underwent psychophysical olfactory testing, olfactory cleft examination, and computed tomography (CT) scans.

Results

Sixteen anosmic patients were included. The mean Sniffin' Sticks score was 4.6 ± 1.7. The majority of patients had no endoscopical abnormality, with a mean olfactory cleft endoscopy score of 0.6 ± 0.9. The olfactory clefts were opacified in three patients on the CT scan. The mean radiological olfactory cleft score was 0.7 ± 0.8. There were no significant correlations between clinical, radiological, and psychophysical olfactory testing.

Conclusions

The olfactory cleft of anosmic COVID‐19 patients is free regarding endoscopic examination and imaging. The anosmia etiology is not related to edema of the olfactory cleft.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 130:2526–2531, 2020
Pure Laparoscopic Donor Hepatectomy: A Multicenter Experience
Authors: Hong Suk Kyun , Choi Gyu‐Seong , Han Jaryung , Cho Hwui‐Dong , Kim Jong Man , Han Young Seok , Cho Jai Young , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Kim Ki‐Hun , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Han Ho‐Seong , Suh Kyung‐Suk
Published: July 2020

According to recent international consensus conferences, pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy (PLDH), particularly right and left hepatectomies, is not yet considered a standard practice because studies remain limited. Thus, we present the outcomes of more than 500 PLDH patients, mostly receiving a right hepatectomy. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date on PLDH. Data from all living liver donors who underwent PLDH at 5 centers in Korea until June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The outcomes of both donors and recipients were included. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the duration of surgery and cumulative experience at each center, which reflects the learning curve. Overall, 545 PLDH cases were analyzed, including 481 right hepatectomies, 25 left hepatectomies, and 39 left lateral sectionectomies (LLS). The open conversion was necessary for 10 (1.8%) donors, and none of the donors died or experienced irreversible disability. Notably, there were 25 (4.6%) patients with major complications (higher than Clavien‐Dindo grade 3). All centers except one showed a significant decrease in surgery duration as the number of cases accumulated. Regarding recipient outcomes, there were 110 cases (20.2%) of early major complications and 177 cases (32.5%) of late major complications. This study shows the early and late postoperative outcomes of 545 donors and corresponding recipients, including 481 right hepatectomies and 25 left hepatectomies, from 5 experienced centers. Although the results are comparable to those of previously reported open donor hepatectomy series, further studies are needed to consider PLDH a new standard practice.
Deep model with Siamese network for viable and necrotic tumor regions assessment in osteosarcoma
Authors: Fu Yu , Xue Peng , Ji Huizhong , Cui Wentao , Dong Enqing
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To achieve automatic classification of viable and necrotic tumor regions in osteosarcoma, most of the existing deep learning methods can only design a simple model to prevent overfitting on small datasets, which leads to the weak ability of extracting image features and low accuracy of the models. In order to solve the above problem, a deep model with Siamese network (DS‐Net) was designed in this paper.

Methods

The DS‐Net constructed on the basis of full convolutional networks is composed of an auxiliary supervision network (ASN) and a classification network. The construction of the ASN based on the Siamese network aims to solve the problem of a small training set (the main bottleneck of deep learning in medical images). It uses paired data as the input and updates the network through combined labels. The classification network uses the features extracted by the ASN to perform accurate classification.

Results

Pathological diagnosis is the most accurate method to identify osteosarcoma. However, due to intraclass variation and interclass similarity, it is challenging for pathologists to accurately identify osteosarcoma. Through the experiments on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained osteosarcoma histology slides, the DS‐Net we constructed can achieve an average accuracy of 95.1%. Compared with existing methods, the DS‐Net performs best in the test dataset.

Conclusions

The DS‐Net we constructed can not only effectively realize the histological classification of osteosarcoma, but also be applicable to many other medical image classification tasks affected by small datasets.
Religiosity and perceptions about research misconduct among graduate nursing students
Authors: Abuhammad Sawsan , Alzoubi Karem , Mukattash Tareq L.
Published: July 2020

Aim

This paper aims to study the correlation between religiosity and research misconduct in graduate nursing students and determine other factors that may have an impact on research misconduct in graduate nursing students.

Design

A cross‐sectional descriptive study was used to collect data from 49 graduate nursing students.

Method

The target population comprised all graduate nursing students enrolled at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan. Participants who met the criteria were approached by the researcher and given a letter that provided detailed information about the study, and their informed consent was obtained. The questionnaire was consisted of three parts: a demographic datasheet, research misconduct tool and a religiosity questionnaire.

Results

The results demonstrated a significant interaction between perceptions about research misconduct and one of predictors such as religiosity, where higher religiosity was associated with perceiving research misconduct as a critical issue.
Aneuploidy in first trimester chorionic villi and spontaneous abortions: Windows into the origin and fate of aneuploidy through embryonic and fetal development
Authors: Benn Peter , Grati Francesca Romana
Published: July 2020

Objective

To review the mosaic autosomal trisomies in chorionic villi sample (CVS) trophoblasts, mesenchyme, and both cell lineages and to compare them with trisomies in spontaneous abortions.

Methods

Mosaic autosomal trisomies from 76 102 diagnostic CVS tests were classified as involving trophoblasts, involving mesenchyme, or present in both. Autosomal trisomies in products of conception were based on 18 published studies. We evaluated correlates between trisomy frequency with chromosome size or number of protein coding genes in the imbalance.

Results

Distinctly different patterns of trisomy were found in trophoblasts, mesenchyme, or both. In trisomic spontaneous abortions, there was a weak, borderline significant, inverse association between frequency and trisomic chromosome size and also with the number of protein coding genes involved (r = 0.43, P = 0.04 and r = 0.39, P = 0.07, respectively). These associations became stronger after excluding trisomy 16 (r = 0.52, P = 0.01 and r = 0.64, P = 0.001, respectively). Only CVS trisomies in both trophoblasts and mesenchyme resembled the trisomies found in spontaneous abortions and these were also associated with chromosome size and protein coding genes (r = 0.42, P = 0.05 and r = 0.57, P = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusion

The abnormalities seen in CVS differ from those reported in early embryos. From conception through birth, there are lineage‐specific, evolving spectrums of aneuploidy in trophoblasts, mesenchyme, and fetus.
Artificial Synapse Based on Back‐Gated MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistor with High‐k Ta2O5 Dielectrics
Authors: Mohta Neha , Mech Roop K. , Sanjay Sooraj , Muralidharan R. , Nath Digbijoy N.
Published: July 2020

Herein, a multilayer MoS2‐based low‐power synaptic transistor using Ta2O5 as a back‐gate dielectric for mimicking the biological neuronal synapse is reported. The use of high‐k dielectric allows for a lower‐voltage swing compared with using conventional SiO2, thus offering an attractive route to low‐power synaptic device architectures. Exfoliated MoS2 is utilized as the channel material, and the hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of the transistor is exploited to demonstrate excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents, long‐term potentiation, and long‐term depression (LTP/LTD), indirect spike timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) based on single and sequential gate (Vg) pulses, respectively. The synapse had achieved a 35% weight change in channel conductance within 15 electrical pulses for negative synaptic gate pulse and 28% change for positive synaptic gate pulse. A complete tunability of weight in the synapse by spike amplitude‐dependent plasticity (SADP) at a low voltage of 4 V is also demonstrated.
The root bark of Morus alba L. regulates tumor‐associated macrophages by blocking recruitment and M2 polarization of macrophages
Authors: Park Hyun‐Ji , Chi Gyoo‐Yong , Choi Yung‐Hyun , Park Shin‐Hyung
Published: July 2020

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor growth and metastasis, and are closely related with poor prognosis of cancers. Therefore, TAMs have been an attractive target in cancer therapy. This study investigated whether the root bark of Morus alba L. (MA) regulates TAMs. Methylene chloride extract of MA (MEMA) decreased the migration of RAW264.7 cells and THP‐1 macrophages toward cancer cells via inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and Src activity. In addition, MEMA inhibited the phorbol myristate acetate‐stimulated secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 from cancer cells, leading to the decreased chemotaxis of macrophages. Finally, MEMA‐suppressed M2 macrophage polarization induced by interleukin (IL)‐4/IL‐13 or IL‐6. MEMA downregulated the mRNA expression of M2 macrophage markers and decreased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 and STAT3 in RAW264.7 cells. Suppression of M2 polarization of macrophages by MEMA resulted in the reduced migration of Lewis lung carcinoma cells when the conditioned media from RAW264.7 cells was used as a chemoattractant. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MEMA regulates TAMs by blocking the recruitment of macrophages into tumor microenvironments and by inhibiting M2 polarization of macrophages.
Effects of drying methods on plant lipid compounds and bulk isotopic compositions
Authors: Suh Yeon Jee , Diefendorf Aaron F.
Published: July 2020

Rationale

Plant lipid biomarkers, such as plant waxes and terpenoids, and the stable isotopic composition of bulk leaves are widely used in both modern and paleoclimate studies for tracking vegetation and climate. However, the effects of different drying methods on the preservation of plant lipid biomarkers and the stable isotopic compositions of leaves are less explored. Here, we investigated various drying methods for the measurement of plant lipid concentrations and bulk leaf isotopic compositions.

Methods

Leaves from four tree species (Acer rubrum, Pinus sylvestris, Platanus occidentalis, and Taxodium distichum) were collected and dried using air, an oven, a freeze‐dryer, and a microwave. We compared concentrations of leaf waxes and terpenoids and carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic compositions of leaves by different drying methods.

Results

The air, oven, freeze‐dryer, and microwave drying methods did not affect lipid concentrations significantly, and only a few homologues differed (38.1% or 41.8 μg/g on average) possibly due to biological variations or enhanced extraction efficiencies. The δ13C values were not affected by drying methods, whereas the δ15N values in oven‐dried leaves in some species were higher by 0.2–0.7‰ than those obtained by other methods. Though small, we attribute these patterns to loss of leaf compounds with lower isotope ratios during oven‐drying.

Conclusions

Based on our results, each drying technique yielded equivalent results for all plant wax and terpenoid concentrations and bulk leaf δ13C values; however, oven‐drying modified the δ15N values.
Performance Improvement of a‐IGZO Thin‐Film Transistor By Using Ta2O5/SiO2 Double‐layer Gate Dielectric
Authors: Wang Ziwen , Hu Yonggao , Lin Qingping , Li Lei , Chang Kuan-Chang
Published: July 2020

a‐IGZO TFT devices are receiving great attention, not only the new display applications require higher mobility, but still need to overcome shortcomings such as high threshold voltage and high sub‐threshold swing. In this work, a double‐layer gate dielectric (Ta2O5/SiO2) a‐IGZO TFT device is proposed and compared with a single‐layer gate dielectric (SiO2) device. The results appeal that the mobility is effectively improved, the sub‐threshold swing is reduced, the On‐Off current ratio is increased, and the operating voltage is small. Comparisons of single‐layer and double‐layer gate dielectric structures are discussed through energy bandgap analysis. COMSOL simulations and analysis of the electric field and potential distributions of the devices are carried out to explain the reason for the performance improvement in principle.
A Smart Foveal VR Display Algorithm base on SPR Pixel Arrangement and Smart View Driving
Authors: Shi Tiankuo , Zhang Xiaomang , Shi Lingyun , Zhou Zhiheng , Ji Zhihua , Hou Yifan , Gao Bo , Li Yue , Sun Wei , Zhang Hao , Chen Ming
Published: July 2020

VR(Virtual Reality) Display always need high PPI(Pixel Per Inch) and high resolution because of its near eye amplification effect and large viewing angle. It is not uncommon to find a 4K or 8K solution today. With the growth of PPI and resolution, display manufacture technology and data transmission become a much more harder problem. Central foveal technology is usually used in gazing point VR system, there is a lot of good ideas in camera and GPU technology, but it seems rarely have something that display panel can do. In this paper, we present a smart foveal VR display algorithm base on BOE SPR (Sub‐pixel Rendering) pixel arrangement(which is called BV3: BrightView3 by BOE) and smart view driving function. The change of pixel arrangement relieve the pressure of manufacture requirement, and SPR algorithm used to maintain the picture quality. And the change of panel’s driving method help to solve the data transmission problem, we use a smart foveal algorithm to deal with the data of central foveal area and non‐foveal area separately. As a result, the algorithm can help to save 3/4 data transmission band width.
Image Deblurring of Camera Under Display by Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua
Published: July 2020

A deep learning method is provided in this paper to deblur images captured behind OLED screen named Camera Under Display (CUD). Because of optical diffraction of OLED pixel pattern, images captured by front camera under the display panel are unfavorably blurred. This paper proposed a modified GAN training network to deblur these images, with result showing perceptually clearer image with better restored high spatial frequency information.
Electrostatic Discharge Simulation and Experimental Verification of a Simple PCB Device
Authors: Wang Xiangji , Yang LanLan , Yang Chang
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a simple device under electrostatic discharge (ESD)event is considered. This work presents a simple experimental and simulated setup to measure ESD‐induced voltage to trace on a printed circuit board (PCB) when ESD current is injected directly onto the lumped element. Based on an ESD immunity test platform and ESD full‐wave model, the waveform of coupling voltage, which induced on a PCB, are measured at different discharging position. The voltage waveform of resistor on PCB with chip and without chip are compared to analyze the difference in two cases. The paper proposes a method that compares the measured results of experiment with simulation of full‐wave model. It is found that the results of simulation and experiment is in good match on the whole.
Holographic Color Display by Controlling the Spectral Components in A Continuous White Light Source
Authors: Fan ShaoHua , Song Zhe , Wang ShiHao , Chen AoBei , Fan YueJie , Yang Xin
Published: July 2020

Holographic color display is realized with white light as illumination by controlling the spectral components in frequency domain. Spectral components control method using the parameters of existing high resolution spatial light modulator (SLM) is demonstrated. An optical system including a white light source, an achromatic collimating lens, a high resolution spatial light modulator, a 4f optical filtering system and an achromatic lens as eyepiece is designed and developed for holographic color display. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is proved by experiments.
Benefits of emissive display (OLED TV) from a visual perception
Authors: Lim Kyongho , Wang Feixia , Li Xiaohua , Tu Yan
Published: July 2020

OLED TVs have clear picture quality with a perfect visible angle, perfect black luminance and boast faster response times than LCD TVs. Therefore, the study major contents are Benefits of emitting devices (OLED TV) in terms of visual perception. The first study, we investigated the effects of the peripheral vision luminance level (PVL) and field of view (FOV) on the display brightness perceived by the observer. The results revealed that the lower the black luminance of the display and the smaller the viewing field of the peak luminance image, the higher the relative brightness perceived by the HVS. This result shows the Benefits of OLED TVs that implement perfect black in terms of visual perceived brightness. The second study compared the effects of 4K organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) and liquid‐crystal display (LCD) TVs on human visual task performance when viewing moving pictures. From the results obtained, it was determined that OLED TVs exhibit superior characteristics for hit rate and false alarm rate compared with LCD TVs (non‐emissive‐type). Thus, this study confirms that OLED TVs, given their ultrafast response time characteristics, are superior in terms of moving picture images to LCD TVs.
Reliability Studies on Multilayer Thin‐Film Materials and Seal Architecture for Flexible Electrofluidic Displays under Bending Stress
Authors: Qian Yuyang , Wang Tianyou , Wei Miaoyang , Tang Biao , Zhou Guofu
Published: July 2020

Electrofluidic Displays (EFD), as a promising reflective display technology, has unique advantage in flexibility because the mediums (oil&water) driven inside the pixel are completely soft maters. In this study, the reliability of the materials applied in the flexible EFD (FEFD) under bending were systematically evaluated. The mechanical neutral layer was designed to reduce the effect of stress. The UV acrylate, was chosen instead of traditional epoxy resin for sealing FEFD devices. Moreover, an open channel seal architecture was proposed to reduce the pressure building inside the cell during device bending.
A Facile Multi‐transfer Method by Flexible Tape for Micro‐LED Display Applications
Authors: Yao Zhibo , Xia Jiye , Cao Xuan , Dong Xiaobiao , Li Lizhu , Sheng Xing , Duan Lian , Wang Chenggong
Published: July 2020

A facile multi‐transfer method based on flexible tape was introduced and micro‐LED arrays was successfully transferred and electrically bonded to backpanel with a lighten yield up to 90%. The flexible tape could compensate the height variation of LED chips during the pick and place process. Multi‐transfer was achieved by the viscosity‐adjustable nature of the tape materials.
Application of Micro‐LED in Visible Light Communication
Authors: Zhao Chenxi , Li Weizeng , Yan Gewei , Liu Zhaojun
Published: July 2020

This article reviews a few modulations commonly used in visible light communication with their recent development, explain why applying micro‐LED will benefit the speed, accuracy, secrecy, and how it will expand the application scenarios of visible light communication.
Simulation and Analysis of Liquid Crystal Module Drop Impact Based on ANSYS
Authors: Zhao Jian , Chen Xiuyun , Sun Lingyu , Du Jingjun , Liang Fei , Zhong Peng , Hou Tingxiu
Published: July 2020

Based on the explicit dynamics module, the finite element model of the liquid crystal module is established. In order to investigate the falling rule of the liquid crystal module, three typical drop postures were selected. such as face drop, corner drop, and edge drop. The results show that TLCM received the biggest impact in the case of angle drop and the equivalent stress of the panel is 64.99Mpa when the drop height is 1m. Using rounded corners can reduce the maximum equivalent stress of panel, When the radius of the fillet is 0.2mm, The maximum equivalent stress of panel is reduced by more than 12%. The reinforced structure of the mold frame can also reduce the maximum equivalent stress of the panel by 12.65%.
Analysis of Image Flicker in Polymer‐Sustained‐Alignment Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Lin Munan , Peng Bangyin , Zhan Xia , Shen Zhiying , Yao Xiaohui , Kim Jack , Zhao Bin , Zhang Xin , Gao Jianbo , Ma Yanling , Zhou Hang
Published: July 2020

Image flicker will cause the degradation of image quality of liquid crystal display. In this paper, the image flicker of polymer‐sustained‐alignment liquid crystal display panel is studied experimentally. We found that optimizing Vcom voltage can reduce image flicker. In addition, image flicker is sensitive to the low‐level gate voltage Vgl and high‐level gate voltage Vgh. Vgl and Vgh should be carefully optimized to minimize image flicker. Voltage holding ratio is affected by TFT’s leakage current Ioff(TFT), liquid crystal’s leakage current Ioff(lc), and circuit’s capacitance. A high resistivity liquid crystal material and high off‐state resistance of TFT should be applied to improve voltage holding ratio and reduce image flicker. Light leakage is another important factor affecting image flicker. By optimizing the shape of gate to shade the TFT channel, the image flicker can be reduced.
Study on Viewing Angle Characteristics of Different Stacked Liquid Crystal Display Module
Authors: Zeng Wen-yu , Xu Hong-qiao , Li Hu , Zhang Dou-qing , Zheng Liang-liang , Li Shuang-jun
Published: July 2020

View angle is the key optical parameter of LCD(liquid crystal display) module, In order to meet the visual experience of smart home products, it is necessary to study the view angle and brightness characteristics of LCD module. Firstly, this paper introduces the key components of LCD module, secondly, defining the concept of FWHM (full width at half maximum) view angle to facilitate data comparison, finally, the 6.95 Google module is used to test and analyze the traditional 4‐layer film stack, single prism stack, R‐prism stack and DBEF5+Down diffuser stack. The test results show that the view angle of 4‐layer film stack is the minimum about 25°, but brightness is the maximum, the view angle of DBEF5+Down diffuser stack is the maximum above 50°, but brightness is the minimum; as for the R‐prism stack, with the increase of prism radian, the view angle will increase, but the brightness will decrease, as for the single prism stack, the view angle of the module will rise, and the maximum increase will be in the direction consistent with the prism bump, but the brightness will decrease at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to make a reasonable selection according to the customer’s specifications. The experimental data in this paper can play an important reference role in the design of view angle and brightness in smart home LCD module.
Novel Pixel Design for Transmittance and Picture Quality Improvement
Authors: Zhang Yinfeng , Cao Wu , Zhang Qi , Zhang Yihe , Lin Yunglun , Xiao Juncheng , Zhang Min
Published: July 2020

A data‐line‐centered (DLC) pixel design is constructed to improve transmittance and picture quality. The interaction between the adjacent sub‐pixels prompts a superior LC alignment comparable to the conventional design. The narrowed cross dark fringe can contribute to the modification of skin color shift. Strategy for vertical cross‐talk risk is also presented and theoretically proven to be effective. Consequently, an expected improvement can be realized under the DLC design.
Studies on Optical Performances of Dichroic Dye‐doped Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell with a Direct Lamination Reflective Polarizer
Authors: Wu Xiaojuan , Zhao Zhiqiang , Wang Jiaxing , Yuan Hongliang , Wang Jian , Yu Hongjun , Che Chuncheng , Xue Hailin
Published: July 2020

Optical properties of dichroic dye‐doped nematic liquid crystal (N‐LC) cells with direct lamination reflective polarizer (DLRP) were studied. The dye‐doped N‐LC was switchable between transmitting and absorbing of the light passing through the DLRP. Electro‐optical performances with different cell gap were investigated. It was found that the transmittance decreased and the CR increased with increasing cell gap. When the cell gap was larger than a critical value, the bright transmittance of such cells could be higher than that of two cells with the same LC mixture due to the light enhancement of DLRP. In addition, the dark transmittance was nearly similar to that of double cells with different cell gap thanks to the inherent polarization of DLRP. The results showed that the dye‐doped N‐LC cell with DLRP has a good light tuning performance while thinner thickness of device.
Ultrasonic Spray Deposition of a‐IGZO Thin Film Transistor on Substrate with Hydrophilic Patterns
Authors: Qiu Hengda , Sun Hejing , Zheng Libin , Xiao Juncheng , Zhou Hang
Published: July 2020

Solution‐processed amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (a‐IGZO) is a promising method for lower down the fabrication cost a‐IGZO thin‐film transistor (TFTs). Here we demonstrate an ultrasonic sprayed a‐IGZO TFT, whose fabrication is assisted by hydrophobic parallel stripe patterns to circumvent the coffee‐ring effect. Device mobility of the sprayed a‐IGZO TFT is estimated to be 1.74 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Design and Realization of Unmanned Multi‐mode Collaborative Intelligent Driving System
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Ke , Li Wanlin
Published: July 2020

This paper designs and implements a multi‐mode collaborative intelligent driving system. In an industrial park, this system can ensure the communication quality by using public 4G and 5G communications, and a WIFI multi‐channel transmission system independently deployed in the park. With the deployment of V2X modules, and a remote cockpit, the vehicle can be switched freely at any time among autonomous driving, remote driving and manual driving modes. This proves that the combination of smart cars, smart roads, and the internet of things has made the unmanned multi‐modal collaboration system a practical solution in closed scenarios such as industrial parks, ports, and mines.
Solvent‐Assisted [(Glycine)‐(MP‐SiO2NPs)] Aggregate for Drug Loading and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Amgoth Chander , Santhosh Rompivalasa , Malavath Tirupathi , Singh Avinash , Murali Banavoth , Tang Guping
Published: July 2020

Herein, the amino‐acid based glycine (Gly) solubility in different solvents (ethanol, pyridine, and n‐hexane) exhibited striking interlocking behavior with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MP‐SiO2NPs) has been reported and discussed in detail. The synthesis of MP‐SiO2NPs carried out employing the modified Stober's ‘Sol‐Gel’ method. The yielded MP‐SiO2NPs size ranges from ∼20–80 nm, with an average particle size of ca. 36 nm. The morphology of Gly bound with MP‐SiO2NPs was analyzed through electron microscopic imaging (SEM, TEM), followed by characterizations (BET, PXRD, DSC, TGA, EDAX) in various solvents. Interestingly, Gly dissolved in particular solvents demonstrated remarkable binding and interlocking properties with the well‐dispersed MP‐SiO2NPs to form a foamy surface. The developed [(Gly)‐(MPSiO2NPs)] based aggregate is stable at room temperature (∼25 °C). Further, developed [(Gly)‐(MP‐SiO2NPs)] aggregate used to load the anticancer drug (DOX) and it shows ∼80 % loading efficacy. Whereas, the DOX release from [(Gly)‐(MP‐SiO2NPs)] is calculated as ∼59 % after 24 hr. The designed nanoformulation [(Gly)‐(MP‐SiO2NPs)] aggregate along with DOX shows significant inhibition (i. e. 74 %) on K562 (chronic myeloid leukemia) blood cancer cells. Such low‐density foamy materials are believed to be utilized in industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
Biomimetic Mesoporous Cobalt Ferrite/Carbon Nanoflake Helices for Freestanding Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Thi Thanh Dang Nhan , Nguyen Thanh‐Dinh , Lizundia Erlantz , Quoc Le Thang , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: July 2020

Structural biomimicry is a fascinating concept to explore hierarchically organized nanomaterials for mechanical structures, catalysis, sensing, and energy storage applications. Here we report the fabrication of biomimetic mesoporous cobalt ferrite/carbon nanoflake materials with helical morphologies and evaluate their electrochemical properties as free‐standing lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anodes. Iridescent chiral nematic mesoporous chitosan films obtained from crab shells were combined with binary metallic ions to afford helical cobalt ferrite/chitosan membranes. The cobalt ferrite/chitosan composites were thermally converted to cobalt ferrite/carbon replicas with hybrid nanoflakes arranged in a twisted Bouligand‐type mesoporous network. The structure of the materials was probed by electron microscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. We directly used these freestanding cobalt ferrite/carbon films as binder‐ and additive‐free LIB anodes, where they showed a first discharge capacity of 862 mAh g−1 (at 100 mA g−1), which faded during subsequent charge‐discharge cycles. Our work demonstrates a new potential use of chiroptical chitosan membranes to develop energy storage materials, a process that may be extended to other metal‐oxide based components.
Assessing the blockage effect of wind turbines and wind farms using an analytical vortex model
Authors: Branlard Emmanuel , Meyer Forsting Alexander R.
Published: July 2020

Wind farm blockage effects are currently neglected in the prediction of wind farm energy yield, typically leading to an overestimation of the production. This work presents a novel method to assess wind farm production, while accounting for blockage effects. We apply a vortex model, based on a cylindrical wake, to assess induction effects. We present variations of the model to account for finite wake length, finite tip‐speed ratios, and the proximity to the ground. The results are applied to single rotors in aligned and yawed conditions and to different wind farm layouts. We provide far‐field approximations for faster estimates of the velocity field. Further, this article includes a new methodology to couple the induction model to engineering wake models, such as the ones present in the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS). We compare the results to actuator disk simulations for various operating conditions of a single turbine and different wind farm layouts. We found that the mean relative error of the model in the induction zone is typically around 0.2% compared with actuator disk simulations. The computational time of the velocity field using the analytical vortex model is three orders of magnitude less than the one obtained with the actuator disk simulation.
Ishikawa's Reagent – a Valuable Source for Fluoroorganic Iminium Salts
Authors: Keßler Mira , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Hoge Berthold
Published: July 2020

We herein report on iminium salts derived from Ishikawa's reagent Et2N‐CF2‐CHF‐CF3. The reaction with P(C2F5)3F2 afforded [Et2N=CF‐CHF‐CF3][P(C2F5)3F3] as an ionic liquid. The fluorine atom in the cation in α position to the nitrogen atom is labile towards nucleophilic substitution as demonstrated by the reaction with SnCl2 where an exchange of the fluorine by a chlorine atom took place. Upon contact with water the fluorine atom is substituted by a hydroxyl group. The reaction of Ishikawa's reagent with P(C2F5)2F afforded the zwitterionic [P(C2F5)2F3{C(NEt2)(CHF‐CF3)}]. Most likely [Et2N=CF‐CHF‐CF3][P(C2F5)2F2] was formed transiently. The anion is obviously sufficiently nucleophilic to attack the susceptible α‐fluorine atom of the cation. During several months Ishikawa's reagent loses hydrogen fluoride, which reacts with glass producing SiF4 which abstracts a fluoride ion from Ishikawa's reagent affording [Et2N=CF‐CHF‐CF3][SiF5].
Path integral representation for inverse third order wave operator within the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau formalism. Part I
Authors: Markov Yu. A. , Markova M. A. , Bondarenko A. I.
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Within the framework of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) formalism with a deformation, an approach to the construction of the path integral representation in parasuperspace for the Green’s function of a spin-1 massive particle in external Maxwell’s field is developed. For this purpose a connection between the deformed DKP-algebra and an extended system of the parafermion trilinear commutation relations for the creation and annihilation operators$$ {a}_k^{\pm } $$ak±and for an additional operatora0obeying para-Fermi statistics of order 2 based on the Lie algebra$$ \mathfrak{so} $$so(2M+ 2) is established. The representation for the operatora0in terms of generators of the orthogonal group SO(2Mcorrectly reproducing action of this operator on the state vectors of Fock space is obtained. An appropriate system of the parafermion coherent states as functions of para-Grassmann numbers is introduced. The procedure of the construction of finite-multiplicity approximation for determination of the path integral in the relevant phase space is defined through insertion in the kernel of the evolution operator with respect to para-supertime of resolutions of the identity. In the basis of parafermion coherent states a matrix element of the contribution linear in covariant derivative$$ {\hat{D}}_{\mu } $$D̂μto the time-dependent Hamilton operator$$ \hat{\mathrm{\mathscr{H}}}\left(\tau \right) $$ℋ̂τ, is calculated in an explicit form. For this purpose the matrix elements of the operatorsa0,$$ {a}_0^2 $$a02, the commutators [a0,$$ {a}_n^{\pm } $$an±], [$$ {a}_0^2,{a}_n^{\pm } $$a02,an±], and the product$$ \hat{A} $$Â[a0,$$ {a}_n^{\pm } $$an±] with$$ \hat{A} $$Â≡exp($$ -i\frac{2\pi }{3}{a}_0 $$−i2π3a0), were preliminary defined.
Zwangsmedikation psychisch erkrankter Menschen im Justizvollzug
Authors: Fuß Johannes , Marquardt Inga , Briken Peer , Konrad Norbert
Published: July 2020

Hintergrund

Medizinische Zwangsmaßnahmen stellen stets einen Eingriff in das Grundrecht auf körperliche Unversehrtheit sowie das Recht auf Selbstbestimmung des Patienten dar. Ist ein Patient inhaftiert, mithin ohnehin bereits in seinen Grundrechten stark eingeschränkt, und muss die Zwangsmaßnahme zudem in einer Justizvollzugsanstalt stattfinden, so stellt dies für alle Beteiligten – insbesondere für den anordnenden Psychiater – eine besondere Herausforderung dar.

Ziel und Methode

Dieser Artikel soll die psychiatrische Versorgung psychisch erkrankter Menschen im Justizvollzug darstellen, die juristischen Voraussetzungen einer Zwangsmedikation erläutern und Empfehlungen für geeignete Rahmenbedingungen geben.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Für psychisch erkrankte Menschen in Haft gibt es in Deutschland keine Pflichtversorgungslösung entsprechend der Psychisch-Kranken-Gesetze, sodass diese bei schweren Erkrankungen nicht regelhaft einer stationär-psychiatrischen Versorgung zugeführt werden können. Dies kann zur Folge haben, dass bei ungünstigen Krankheitsverläufen eine Zwangsmedikation innerhalb des Justizvollzugs erwogen werden muss. Die Zwangsmedikation im deutschen Justizvollzug nimmt im Vergleich zur Zwangsmedikation in psychiatrischen Kliniken dabei eine Sonderstellung ein, da Ärzte in den meisten Bundesländern eine solche ohne richterliche Beteiligung anordnen können. Die Landesgesetzgeber sollten prüfen, ob hier eine gesetzliche Anpassung erforderlich oder sinnvoll wäre. Da die Umstände (rechtlich und versorgungstechnisch) für inhaftierte Patienten von denen in Kliniken stark abweichen, sollten die Rahmenbedingungen einer Zwangsmedikation wohl überlegt sein. Wir empfehlen das Hinzuziehen einer ethischen Fallberatung, wenn die Entscheidung ohne richterliche Beteiligung getroffen wird, sowie die Verlegung auf psychiatrische oder zumindest medizinische Krankenhausstationen zur Durchführung der Zwangsmedikation.
Integration of genotypic, hyperspectral, and phenotypic data to improve biomass yield prediction in hybrid rye
Authors: Galán Rodrigo José , Bernal-Vasquez Angela-Maria , Jebsen Christian , Piepho Hans-Peter , Thorwarth Patrick , Steffan Philipp , Gordillo Andres , Miedaner Thomas
Published: July 2020

Key message

Hyperspectral and genomic data are effective predictors of biomass yield in winter rye. Variable selection procedures can improve the informativeness of reflectance data.

Integrating cutting-edge technologies is imperative to sustainably breed crops for a growing global population. To predict dry matter yield (DMY) in winter rye (Secale cerealeL.), we tested single-kernel models based on genomic (GBLUP) and hyperspectral reflectance-derived (HBLUP) relationship matrices, a multi-kernel model combining both matrices and a bivariate model fitted with plant height as a secondary trait. In total, 274 elite rye lines were genotyped using a 10 k-SNP array and phenotyped as testcrosses for DMY and plant height at four locations in Germany in two years (eight environments). Spectral data consisted of 400 discrete narrow bands ranging between 410 and 993 nm collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on two dates on each environment. To reduce data dimensionality, variable selection of bands was performed, resulting in the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) as the best method in terms of predictive abilities. The mean heritability of reflectance data was moderate ($$h^{2}$$h2 = 0.72) and highly variable across the spectrum. Correlations between DMY and single bands were generally significant (p < 0.05) but low (≤ 0.29). Across environments and training set (TRN) sizes, the bivariate model showed the highest prediction abilities (0.56–0.75), followed by the multi-kernel (0.45–0.71) and single-kernel (0.33–0.61) models. With reduced TRN, HBLUP performed better than GBLUP. The HBLUP model fitted with a set of selected bands was preferred. Within and across environments, prediction abilities increased with larger TRN. Our results suggest that in the era of digital breeding, the integration of high-throughput phenotyping and genomic selection is a promising strategy to achieve superior selection gains in hybrid rye.