bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of Jiuwei Zhenxin granules for treating generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Xue , Chen Peiran , Shi Shenxun , Chen Wei , Zhang Hongyan , Tang Ronghua , Wu Zhibing , Li Yan , Wu Jun , Zong Li , Ji Lianying , Feng Ping , Li Jing
Published: October 2022

Background

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive, pervasive, persistent worrying that is difficult to control. Jiuwei Zhenxin granules may be safer and more effective than non-benzodiazepine anti-anxiety drugs for treating GAD. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Jiuwei Zhenxin granules alone or in combination with the benzodiazepine alprazolam.

Materials and methods

A total of 710 patients were recruited from outpatient clinics and were randomly divided into two groups to receive Jiuwei Zhenxin granules (single drug group) or Jiuwei Zhenxin granules and alprazolam (combination group). The primary outcome was the response rate, which was defined as a ≥ 50% reduction from the baseline total score on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Secondary outcome measures included mean changes in HAMA total score, psychological and somatic factors, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale total score, and SF-36 health survey score.

Results

At 4 weeks after treatment, the single and combination treatment groups showed significant improvement in the HAMA total score and they did not differ significantly in response rate (77.58 vs. 79.17%) or rate of adverse drug reactions (16.22 vs. 16.07%).

Conclusion

Jiuwei Zhenxin granules are an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment against GAD. Combining them with alprazolam may not significantly improve efficacy.

Clinical trial registration

[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [CHICTR1800020095].
Evaluating the risk of hypertension in residents in primary care in Shanghai, China with machine learning algorithms
Authors: Chen Ning , Fan Feng , Geng Jinsong , Yang Yan , Gao Ya , Jin Hua , Chu Qiao , Yu Dehua , Wang Zhaoxin , Shi Jianwei
Published: October 2022

Objective

The prevention of hypertension in primary care requires an effective and suitable hypertension risk assessment model. The aim of this study was to develop and compare the performances of three machine learning algorithms in predicting the risk of hypertension for residents in primary care in Shanghai, China.

Methods

A dataset of 40,261 subjects over the age of 35 years was extracted from Electronic Healthcare Records of 47 community health centers from 2017 to 2019 in the Pudong district of Shanghai. Embedded methods were applied for feature selection. Machine learning algorithms, XGBoost, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were adopted in the process of model construction. The performance of models was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and F1-score.

Results

The XGBoost model outperformed the other two models and achieved an AUC of 0.765 in the testing set. Twenty features were selected to construct the model, including age, diabetes status, urinary protein level, BMI, elderly health self-assessment, creatinine level, systolic blood pressure measured on the upper right arm, waist circumference, smoking status, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, frequency of drinking, glucose level, urea nitrogen level, total cholesterol level, diastolic blood pressure measured on the upper right arm, exercise frequency, time spent engaged in exercise, high salt consumption, and triglyceride level.

Conclusions

XGBoost outperformed random forest and logistic regression in predicting the risk of hypertension in primary care. The integration of this risk assessment model into primary care facilities may improve the prevention and management of hypertension in residents.
Phenotypic complexity and evolvability in evolving robots
Authors: Milano Nicola , Nolfi Stefano
Published: October 2022

The propensity of evolutionary algorithms to generate compact solutions have advantages and disadvantages. On one side, compact solutions can be cheaper, lighter, and faster than less compact ones. On the other hand, compact solutions might lack evolvability, i.e. might have a lower probability to improve as a result of genetic variations. In this work we study the relation between phenotypic complexity and evolvability in the case of soft-robots with varying morphology. We demonstrate a correlation between phenotypic complexity and evolvability. We demonstrate that the tendency to select compact solutions originates from the fact that the fittest robots often correspond to phenotypically simple robots which are robust to genetic variations but lack evolvability. Finally, we demonstrate that the efficacy of the evolutionary process can be improved by increasing the probability of genetic variations which produce a complexification of the agents’ phenotype or by using absolute mutation rates.
Split body: Extending self-location by splitting a body left and right
Authors: Kondo Ryota , Sugimoto Maki
Published: October 2022

Is it possible to feel part of one’s own body even when the body part is separated from the body? If so, we could exist in different locations by splitting the self-body and using our body in each location. In a study in which the illusion that two bodies are one’s own body was induced using virtual reality (VR), the participants felt as if they were at two locations through the two bodies. However, this illusion was weak and reported only subjectively. We hypothesized that this was because two presented bodies moved synchronously with one participant’s movement or the simultaneous stroking of one participant’s body and two presented bodies switched their attention and weakened body ownership. In this study, we investigated whether splitting one body into left and right in VR could induce body ownership and extend the self-location while maintaining a one-to-one correspondence between the participant’s body and the presented body. The results showed that weaker body ownership was induced in the split body than in the normal body and self-location was extended to the right side of the body. The participants did not report a sense of having more than one body but reported a sense of body spreading, suggesting that the split bodies were perceived as a single body extending to the right side.
Evaluation of the validity and reliability of the 10-meter walk test using a smartphone application among Japanese older adults
Authors: Saito Yoshinobu , Nakamura Sho , Tanaka Ayumi , Watanabe Ryo , Narimatsu Hiroto , Chung Ung-il
Published: October 2022

Objective

Maintaining or improving regular walking speed can help extend healthy life expectancy and prevent frailty. The evaluation of walking speed can help individuals meet their daily exercise goals; therefore, it may be beneficial as a public health policy for residents to measure and evaluate their walking speed easily. This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of a smartphone application for the 10-m walk test, measured in the general population.

Methods

The study participants were men (n = 20) and women (n = 20) aged 65–85 years. The 10-m walk tests were performed at the usual walking speed, using the stopwatch function of a newly developed smartphone application. A total of three 10-m walk tests were performed simultaneously with the study participants and professional fitness instructors to evaluate the criterion-related validity and the test-retest reliability.

Results

A strong positive correlation was found in the criterion-related validity by the study participants and professional staff for the average of the three trials {r = 0.961 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.927, 0.979]}. The results revealed good reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.712 (95% CI = 0.571, 0.823).

Conclusion

The smartphone application walking speed measurement method can be widely used by the general public and is useful for health promotion.
Effects of intercropping sunn hemp into maize at different times and densities on productivity under rainwater harvesting technique
Authors: Dzvene Admire R. , Tesfuhuney Weldermichael , Walker Sue , Ceronio Gert
Published: October 2022

Maize is a major food crop in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and its productivity is affected by climate change-adaptive sustainable management practices. A 2-year field study (2019/20 and 2020/21 growing seasons) was carried out to evaluate the effect of sunn hemp (Crotalaria junceaL.) living mulch management on maize (Zea maysL.) production. Three sunn hemp planting periods were simultaneous with maize planting (P1), V15 maize growth stage (P2), and R1 maize growth stage (P3) and three densities 16.1 plants m−2(D1-low), 32.1 plants m−2(D2-medium), and 48.1 plants m−2(D3-high). The intercrop components were planted in a split-plot treatment arrangement as an additive series with three replications and laid out in a randomized complete block design under the in-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) technique. The growing season conditions revealed significant differences in rainfall distribution. Therefore, the planting period had highly significant (p< 0.001) effects on sunn hemp biomass, with an LSD value of 610.2 kg ha−1, showing that the highest was obtained in P2 (2636.7 kg ha−1) compared to P3 (811.3 kg ha−1). However, the P3 treatment resulted in maize grain yield penalty, with yields as follows: P3 (2775.2 kg ha−1), sole maize (3263.8 kg ha−1), P2 (3281.9 kg ha−1), and P1 (3287.8 kg ha−1). P2 yielded a significantly (p< 0.05) high-income equivalent ratio of 2.09, indicating a 109% advantage for increasing farmers' income by integrating sunn hemp under the no-till area of IRWH. P1 and P2 sunn hemp planting periods are viable options for smallholder farmers in summer rainfall regions to improve economic benefits.
Reversible contrast enhancement for visualization of human temporal bones using micro computed tomography
Authors: Bommakanti Krishna K. , Iyer Janani S. , Sagi Varun , Brown Alyssa , Ma Xiaojie , Gonzales Marissa , Stankovic Konstantina M.
Published: October 2022

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which typically arises from the inner ear, is the most common sensory deficit worldwide. The traditional method for studying pathophysiology underlying human SNHL involves histological processing of the inner ear from temporal bones collected during autopsy. Histopathological analysis is destructive and limits future use of a given specimen. Non-destructive strategies for the study of the inner ear are urgently needed to fully leverage the utility of each specimen because access to human temporal bones is increasingly difficult and these precious specimens are required to uncover disease mechanisms and to enable development of new devices. We highlight the potential of reversible iodine staining for micro-computed tomography imaging of the human inner ear. This approach provides reversible, high-resolution visualization of intracochlear structures and is becoming more rapid and accessible.
Differences in neurotoxic outcomes of organophosphorus pesticides revealed via multi-dimensional screening in adult and regenerating planarians
Authors: Ireland Danielle , Zhang Siqi , Bochenek Veronica , Hsieh Jui-Hua , Rabeler Christina , Meyer Zane , Collins Eva-Maria S.
Published: October 2022

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are a chemically diverse class of commonly used insecticides. Epidemiological studies suggest that low dose chronic prenatal and infant exposures can lead to life-long neurological damage and behavioral disorders. While inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the shared mechanism of acute OP neurotoxicity, OP-induced developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) can occur independently and/or in the absence of significant AChE inhibition, implying that OPs affect alternative targets. Moreover, different OPs can cause different adverse outcomes, suggesting that different OPs act through different mechanisms. These findings emphasize the importance of comparative studies of OP toxicity. Freshwater planarians are an invertebrate system that uniquely allows for automated, rapid and inexpensive testing of adult and developing organisms in parallel to differentiate neurotoxicity from DNT. Effects found only in regenerating planarians would be indicative of DNT, whereas shared effects may represent neurotoxicity. We leverage this unique feature of planarians to investigate potential differential effects of OPs on the adult and developing brain by performing a comparative screen to test 7 OPs (acephate, chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, diazinon, malathion, parathion and profenofos) across 10 concentrations in quarter-log steps. Neurotoxicity was evaluated using a wide range of quantitative morphological and behavioral readouts. AChE activity was measured using an Ellman assay. The toxicological profiles of the 7 OPs differed across the OPs and between adult and regenerating planarians. Toxicological profiles were not correlated with levels of AChE inhibition. Twenty-two “mechanistic control compounds” known to target pathways suggested in the literature to be affected by OPs (cholinergic neurotransmission, serotonin neurotransmission, endocannabinoid system, cytoskeleton, adenyl cyclase and oxidative stress) and 2 negative controls were also screened. When compared with the mechanistic control compounds, the phenotypic profiles of the different OPs separated into distinct clusters. The phenotypic profiles of adult vs. regenerating planarians exposed to the OPs clustered differently, suggesting some developmental-specific mechanisms. These results further support findings in other systems that OPs cause different adverse outcomes in the (developing) brain and build the foundation for future comparative studies focused on delineating the mechanisms of OP neurotoxicity in planarians.
Analysis of the anatomic relationship of the infraorbital canal with the roots of the maxillary fourth premolar tooth in the three different skull types: Mesocephalic, brachycephalic, and dolichocephalic, using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Littles Maria E. , Rao Sangeeta , Bannon Kristin M.
Published: October 2022

The objective of this retrospective descriptive study was to describe variations in the anatomic position of the infraorbital canal relative to the mesial and distal roots of the maxillary fourth premolar tooth for the three canine skull types (mesocephalic, brachycephalic, and dolichocephalic) using cone beam computed tomography. The study evaluated the position of the infraorbital canal in 120 canine patients (240 teeth) that presented to a private dentistry referral practice for reasons unrelated to the study. There were 40 patients for each skull type, determined by breed and facial index calculation. A grid system was used to determine the anatomic positions of the infraorbital canal relative to the roots of the maxillary fourth premolar tooth. The infraorbital canal's most frequent position at the mesial roots level for the total population (38.8%) and the mesocephalic skull type (53.8%) was apical to the furcation. For the brachycephalic (40.0%) and the dolichocephalic skull types (40.0%), the most frequent position was partially in the furcation and partially apical to the furcation. The most frequent position of the infraorbital canal at the level of the distal root was apical and palatal to the distal root for the total population (36.7%), the mesocephalic skull type (42.5%), and the brachycephalic skull type (35.0%). For the dolichocephalic skull type, the most frequent location of the infraorbital canal was both directly palatal and partially apical and palatal to the distal root (42.5%). For the brachycephalic skull type, the distal root was most frequently positioned caudal to the maxillary foramen/floor of the orbit (62.5%). Based on these findings, extra care must be taken with the dolichocephalic and the brachycephalic skull types to avoid iatrogenic trauma to the infraorbital canal and the orbit during surgical procedures on the maxillary fourth premolar tooth.
Case report: BCL-2 and CD31 immunoexpression related to clinical and histopathological evaluation of renal dysplasia in a Welsh Corgi Puppy
Authors: Le Trung Quang , Pluemhathaikij Latticha , Chankow Katriya , Radtanakatikanon Araya , Rungsipipat Anudep , Rattanapinyopituk Kasem
Published: October 2022

A case of renal dysplasia (RD) in the Welsh Corgi dog has been reported. Clinically, the affected 3-month-old, female, Welsh Corgi dog showed unclear symptoms of chronic kidney disease. Grossly, both left and right kidneys revealed cystic hypoplasia. Histologically, the primary lesions included immature or fetal glomeruli/tubules, proliferative arterioles, persistent metanephric ducts, persistent mesenchyme, and atypical tubular epithelium were presented. A group of degenerative and inflammatory lesions consisting of interstitial nephritis, interstitial fibrosis, and mineralization of tubules were found. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial cells of immature (fetal) tubules had BCL-2 labeling whereas CD31 (PECAM-1) was labeled in the endothelial cells of the proliferative arterioles. The immunohistochemical findings were confirmed and consolidated with the routine histopathological findings. This study was the first demonstration of the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of RD disease in a Welsh Corgi puppy.
Seasonal Fluctuations of Motile Aeromonads and Pseudomonads in a Cultured Pond of Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala, in Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202 Bangladesh, IQBAL M.M.
Published: October 2022

Ecological studies on Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala, culture ponds were conducted in two fish farms in Bangladesh. The prevalence of Aeromonas spp. was high in pond water and in slime of the sampled fish in both fish farms during the winter season, when many diseases, including Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS), occur. Pseudomonas spp. was also found in high percentages in the same sampling sites. High amounts of Aeromonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were also found in apparently healthy fish during winter. Frequent isolation of Aeromonas spp. from lesions of the sampled fish indicated a link between these bacteria and the out• break of fish diseases in the country. The detected Aeromonas spp. was resistant to various antibacterial agents tested. A high percentage of Aeromonas isolates were found to be resistant to erythromycin and oxytetracycline. However, only a few were resistant to oxolinic acid and streptomycin.
Yield Assessment for the Small Pelagics Fishery Occurring Along the Northwest, West and South Coasts of Sri Lanka
Authors:   National Aquatic Resources Research & Development Agency Mattakkuliya, Colombo 15 Sri Lanka, SANDERS M.J. , DAYARATNE P.
Published: October 2022

This study utilized two separate approaches for assessing the current exploitation status for small pelagics in the northwest, west, and south coasts of Sri Lanka. In the first approach, modified Schaefer and Fox models were applied to a time series of annual catch (all species) and catch rate data. In the second approach, a length-based Thompson and Bell model was used with life history data for the trenched sardine (Amblygaster sirm). This species comprises about GO% of the catches of small pelagics. The more convincing results were from the modified Fox and the Thompson and Bell models. The conclusion from these is that the small pelagics are not yet fully exploited, and that in­creased yields are possible. It is suggested (on theoretical grounds) that modest increases are unlikely to have negative impact on recruitment. This was not tested by analysis, nor was there an assessment of the socio-economic impact of increased exploi­tation. In view of these uncertainties, additional studies are required, along with contin­ued monitoring of the fishery.
Effects of Feeding Pelleted versus Non-pelleted Defatted Rice Bran on Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Production and Water Quality in Ponds
Authors:   Aquaculture/Fisheries Center Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Box 4912, Pine Bluff Arkansas 71611, US, PERSCHBACHER P. , LOCHMANN R.
Published: October 2022

Effects of pelleted versus non-pelleted defatted rice bran on fish production and water quality were evaluated at the Aquaculture Research Station, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. Mixed-sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were stocked at 2.3/m-2. into each of six 0.04-ha earthen ponds. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were added at 0.17/m-2 for population control. Defatted rice bran was fed to fish at 2% body weight daily. After 169 days, tilapia harvests averaged 2,924 kg/ha in pellet-fed and 3,031 kg/ha in loose bran-fed treatments (a non-significant difference). Stocked fish comprised an average of 52% and 39%, respectively, in these treatments, and approached a significant difference (P==0.2). Average amounts of inorganic fertilizer required to maintain chloro­phyll a levels of 100-150 mg/m-3 were significantly different at 736 and 1,108 kg/ha in pelleted and loose bran treatments, respectively.
Experimental Culture of Juvenile Spotted Babylon, Babylonia areolata Link 1807 (Neogastropoda: Buccinidae) in Thailand
Authors: CHAITANAWISUTI N. , KRITSANAPUNTU A.
Published: October 2022

To assess the aquaculture potential for spotted babylon, Babylonia oreolata L., hatch­ery-reared juveniles were produced and grown-out until they reached marketable size. Juveniles with mean shell length of 15.0 mm were held in a flow through seawater 8ys­tem containing a 10-cm layer of fine sand as substratum. Growth in length and weight were measured individually once a month for a period of 12 months. The monthly average growth increment.<;, of the juveniles were 2.9 mm per month in shell length and and 1.G g per month in whole weight. Survival rate typically exceeded 90%.
A Comparative Analysis of Growth Performance in Aquaculture of Tilapia Hybrids and Their Parent Species
Authors:   Tropical Fisheries Research unit E.N.S.A.T. I.N.P. Toulouse P.O.Box 107 Auzeville Tolosane 31 326 CASTANET TOLOSAN FRANCE, MOREAU J. , PAULY D.
Published: October 2022

Growth parameters of hybrid tilapias (Cichlids) involving Oreochromis niloticrts, 0. mossambicus, 0.Hornorum, and 0. aureus as parent species were compiled from existing literature and their growth performances were compared with that of the parent species. Evidence of positive heterosis for growth in the Fl hybrids of these four species emerged. This trend was even clearer when parent species and hybrids were grown under the same culture system.
Energy Digestibility Coefficients of Commonly Used Feedstuffs in Different Size-Classes of Indian Major Carps, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)
Authors: JAFRI A.K. , HASSAN M.A.
Published: October 2022

The apparent energy digestibility coefficient of nine different feedstuffs were determined for two size-classes of Indian major carps (Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala., Cyprinidae) using chromic oxide as the indigestible marker. Among the ingredients tested, rice polish showed the lowest while the soybean oil cake showed the highest digestibility in both species. The influence of fish size on energy digestibility was found to be insignifi­cant (P>0.01). Irrespective of fish size, plant and animal origin feed stuffs showed no sig­nificant (P>0.01) difference in their digestibility in both species. Only the animal origin feed stuffs, in both size-classes, exhibited species dependent variability in their digestibility.
Age, Growth and Mortality of Gymnocranius audleyi (Pisces: Lethrinidae)
Authors:   Department of Marine Biology James Cook University Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia, LAURSEN T.
Published: October 2022

Age, growth and mortality of Gymnocranius audleyi (Pisces: Lethrinidae) from the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia were investigated. Age was determined by analyzing annuli in whole and sectioned otoliths (sagittae). Rings have not yet been validated as annuli for this species but for other lethrinids, as well as lutjanids and serranids on the GBR they were. The oldest fish in the sample (n = 107) was estimated to be 13 years of age. A high variability in size at age was observed. Both whole and sectioned otoliths and left and right otoliths were found to provide similar age estimates. Age estimates correlated with otolith weights better than with fork-length (FL), standardlength (SL) or total fish weight (TW). Fitted von Bertalanffy growth functions (VBGF) gave growth (FL) parameter estimates (± S.E.) of Linf = 282 ± 9 mm; K = 0.557 ± 0.100; and t0 = -0.651 ± 0.388. The growth performance index was 0' = 4.648 ± 0.388 (S.E.)(for FL). Although all growth estimates were within ranges published for other lethrinids, G. audleyi appears to be a relatively fast-growing species. The total instantaneous rate of mortality (Z) was estimated as 0.583 ± 0.390 (S.E.). This study provides a basis for future management of the exploitation of this species on the GBR.
Bacterial Levels in the Muscle of Post-Harvested Shrimp
Authors: AREERAT S.
Published: October 2022

Bacterial levels in shrimp muscle during harvest were determined for shrimps from four ponds. The shrimps were sampled immediately after harvest to obtain initial bacterial levels, then sampled again 30 minutes after an ice bath and once more during sorting. Bacterial levels for the total number of Vib1'io sp. and the total number of Aeromonas sp. were calculated and varied between 1.0 x 103 and 1.4 x 105 CFU/g. After sorting for size, the shrimps were dipped in chlorinated ice water (10 ppm) for a few seconds and washed with clean ice water before being stored in ice (2-5°C) for transport to the processing plant. The shrimps were sampled again after being dipped in chlorinated water at 0, 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hrs. The bacterial levels in the muscle decreased over time in shrimps from all four ponds and no bacteria were detected 24 hrs after the shrimps were dipped in chlorinated ice water.
Characterisation of Aeromonas hydrophila Extracellular Products with Reference to Toxicity, Virulence, Protein Profiles and Antigenicity
Authors: SIRIRAT T.
Published: October 2022

A comparison of extracellular products (ECP) from a variety of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fish, with LD50 values between 2.3 x105 and :J.5 x108 CFU ml· 1,was conducted using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Differences were observed in the silver stain profiles of the ECP preparations, while the total amount of protein ob­tained from each isolate were very similar (0.14---0.15 mgmI·1). Levels of toxicity for the dif­ferent ECP preparations were determined through intraperitoneal injection (0.2 mgml·1) of fingerling hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus x Clarias macrocephalus). The ECP prepara­tion from the high virulence isolates produced 100% mortality in all fish within 18 h of in­jection, while the ECP from the low virulence isolates produced 100% mortalities after 96 h. The cytolytic enterotoxin was partially purified by chromatography. and this was then used to immunise a rabbit and a catfish. Antibody titres of 1/1,024 and 1/32,768 were ob­tained through an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, for the catfish and rabbit sera, respectively. Purified enterotoxin from bacteria with LD50 values around 105 CFU mI-1 contained a strong band at 52 kDa, while one of the avirulent isolates with an LD50 value around 108 CFUmI-1 contained a strong band at 45 kDa. The 52 kDa molecule was identified only by the catfish serum in the enterotoxin prepared from virulent isolates of A. hydrophila.
New Language Models for Spelling Correction
Authors: Laaroussi Saida , Aouragh Si Lhoussain , Yousfi Abdellah , Nejja Mohamed , Geddah Hicham , Ouatik El Alaoui Said
Published: October 2022

Correcting spelling errors based on the context is a fairly significant problem in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. The majority of the work carried out to introduce the context into the process of spelling correction uses the n-gram language models. However, these models fail in several cases to give adequate probabilities for the suggested solutions of a misspelled word in a given context. To resolve this issue, we propose two new language models inspired by stochastic language models combined with edit distance. A first phase consists in finding the words of the lexicon orthographically close to the erroneous word and a second phase consists in ranking and limiting these suggestions. We have applied the new approach to Arabic language taking into account its specificity of having strong contextual connections between distant words in a sentence. To evaluate our approach, we have developed textual data processing applications, namely the extraction of distant transition dictionaries. The correction accuracy obtained exceeds 98% for the first 10 suggestions. Our approach has the advantage of simplifying the parameters to be estimated with a higher correction accuracy compared to n-gram language models. Hence the need to use such an approach.
In vitro regeneration of Senna alata (L.) Robx. (Fabaceae): An ancient medicinal plant
Authors: Yaneth Corredor Lara Elsy , Maria Imakawa Angela , Da Silva Daniel , De Tarso Barbosa Sampaio Paulo
Published: October 2022

Senna alata, a legume of medicinal importance, presents antifungal and antibacterial antioxidant activity. The main limitation is the presence of seeds with integument dormancy within natural populations. This study aimed to establish an efficient protocol for the in vitro propagation and acclimatization of seedlings. The seeds were disinfected with different concentrations of NaOCl; for the regeneration of the shoots, cotyledon segments were inoculated in MS and WPM medium, supplemented with plant growth regulators, auxins (1-NAA and 2,4-D), interaction with cytokinins (TDZ and BAP), and activated carbon. The seedlings were acclimated in nursery conditions using vermiculite, sand, and soil substrates. Using NaOCl (0.5%) for 30 min resulted in 98.0% disinfected seeds while 95.4% of scarified seeds germinated. High node and shoots numbers (8.3 ± 0.4; 12.6 ± 0.8, respectively) were obtained when using the MS medium containing 1-NAA + TDZ (0.1 + 1.0 mg L-1), while the use of MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D + TDZ (0.1 + 1.0 mg L-1) resulted in longer shoots (6.0 ± 0.5 cm). Using WPM medium with IBA + BAP (1.0 + 0.1 mg L-1) improved rooting (14.0 cm ± 1.3) and the number of roots (5.0 ± 0.0) in the treated plants. The vermiculite substrate with sand promoted 81.5% of acclimatized plants. This study allowed obtaining high levels of germination, regeneration   in vitro and acclimatization of S. alata.
Dinâmica de deposição de serrapilheira, morfometria da copa e produção de raízes finas de clones híbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla sob estresse hídrico
Authors: Silva de Oliveira Leandro , Dos Santos de Souza Nayara , Rodrigues Rocha Nayara , Almeida Mattos Wanessa , Rodrigues Soares Jéssika , Correia Santos Natália
Published: October 2022

O déficit hídrico pode limitar a produtividade do Eucalyptus spp. e selecionar genótipos adaptados a essas condições é necessário. Logo, compreender a capacidade adaptativa dos genótipos em regiões sob estresse hídrico é determinante para a seleção de materiais. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar a adaptabilidade de clones híbridos de Eucalyptus spp. em duas épocas do ano (seca e chuvosa) situados em um teste clonal em Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Para isso foi analisado: (1) acúmulo de serrapilheira e sua capacidade de retenção hídrica (CRH), (2) crescimento dendrométrico e morfometria da copa das árvores e (3) produção de biomassa de raízes finas vivas e mortas (0-25 e 25-50 cm profundidade) durante as épocas seca e chuvosa. A dinâmica de deposição da serrapilheira dos clones foi influenciada pela sazonalidade hídrica, no qual foi superior na época chuvosa. Para capacidade de retenção hídrica não houve diferenças. Por sua vez, os genótipos apresentaram diferenças adaptativas, constatadas pelos maiores valores morfométricos de copa (ge, is e iev) na estação seca. O clone A apresentou maior percentual de copa, significativamente maior que o clone B, com mais serapilheira foliar na época seca. A maior produção de biomassa de raízes finas foi encontrada na camada de 0-25 cm do solo, sendo superior no clone B em ambas as camadas. Assim, os resultados abrem perspectivas para maiores estudos quanto à ecofisiologia dos materiais genéticos de Eucalyptus spp. e sua aplicabilidade no melhoramento genético florestal para a seleção de genótipos mais produtivos e eficientes para plantios em áreas sob estresse hídrico.
Determinants of tourists’ willingness to pay for conservation of ecotourism destinations: A case study of Ikogosi Warm Spring Resort, Nigeria
Authors: Anthony Ogunjinmi Adekunle , Oluwafemi Orimaye Jacob , Attahiru Gana Matthew , Adebayo Adewumi Abraham
Published: October 2022

Tourist WTP was estimated using the contingent value method for conservation and protection of Ikogosi Warm Spring Resort in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The Warm Spring is one of
Tourist WTP was estimated using the contingent value method for conservation and protection of Ikogosi Warm Spring Resort in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The Warm Spring is one of Nigeria's most beautiful environments, attracting a big number of tourists each year and serving as a significant ecotourism development location. In order to evaluate if demographic characteristics, awareness of natural resource conservation, tourist behavior, motivation, and satisfaction affect WTP, a face-to-face survey employing a questionnaire was done with two groups of tourists, domestic and international visitors to the site. The maximum amount that tourists were willing to pay was computed using the mean and median values. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the factors that influence tourists' WTP. For domestic tourists, the mean and median maximum amount they were willing to pay was US$2.57 and US$2.37 respectively, and for international tourists, US$1.27 and US$1.00. Age, education, income, domicile, and nationality all had an impact on the tourists' WTP, according to the research. It has been suggested that the site's management may use these elements to segment tourists for marketing purposes in order to secure the site's long-term viability.
Determinação de fatores de empilhamento e volume de madeira empilhada por meio do processamento de imagens digitais
Authors: Vicente Gouveia Filho Kleber , Shirlen Soares Thelma , Santos Cruz Edmilson , Augusto Miranda Mathias Renan
Published: October 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização de fotografias digitais na determinação do fator de empilhamento e do volume de madeira empilhada. Foram avaliadas pilhas de madeira formadas por toras oriundas de seis espaçamentos de plantio (3,0 m x 0,5 m; 3,0 m x 1,0 m; 3,0 m x 1,5 m; 3,0 m x 2,0 m; 3,0 m x 2,5 m e 3,0 m x 3,0 m). Para a determinação do volume de madeira empilhada (estéreo) e dos fatores de empilhamento e obtenção das fotografias digitais foram organizadas 18 pilhas de madeira, sendo três pilhas para cada espaçamento. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio do software Digitora, sendo o fator de empilhamento e o volume obtidos com base na contagem do número de pontos distribuídos sobre a fotografia. Cada ponto foi observado e classificado como ponto vazio, ponto meio e ponto anulado. A exatidão do método fotográfico foi verificada pelo cálculo das diferenças percentuais entre os valores reais (obtidos em campo) e os estimados pela fotografia e pela análise gráfica da distribuição das diferenças porcentuais por pilha e por espaçamento. Adicionalmente, verificou-se, pela aplicação do teste t de Student para dados pareados, se os valores obtidos pelo Digitora diferiam estatisticamente, a 95% de probabilidade de confiança, dos valores reais. Verificou-se que tanto o fator de empilhamento quanto o volume, para cada espaçamento, obtido por fotografias digitais foram estatisticamente iguais ao valor obtido em campo.
Pasando en limpio:
Authors: Cadenas Daniela , Arias Morales Cecilia
Published: October 2022

En este trabajo discutimos brevemente los vínculos entre la arqueología y la comunidad a partir de nuestras propias experiencias como Equipo de Arqueología Histórica de la Batalla de Cepeda en articulación con el Museo Batallas de Cepeda. Presentamos, así, los primeros encuentros con la comunidad de Mariano Benítez (Partido de Pergamino, Buenos Aires), haciendo especial énfasis en las actividades planteadas desde la arqueología para abordar la temática de las batallas con la comunidad infantil en el contexto de un museo. Para ello, definimos nuestro posicionamiento epistemológico, delineando ejes a partir de los cuales diseñar e implementar estas actividades, cuestionando las prácticas tradicionales y reconociendo la importancia de interactuar con distintos actores. Asumimos que el compromiso de trabajo con la comunidad es el punto fundamental para trascender los círculos académicos y contribuir al proceso de construcción colectivo del patrimonio.
Factors Affecting the Success of Treatment in Drug Sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at the Rimba Jaya Health Center Merauke Regency
Authors: Apay Fregky , Rohmani Rohmani
Published: October 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease as a major cause of health problems. TB is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A quarter of the world's population has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diagnosis and timely treatment of routinely taking anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) for the first six months in TB patients can be cured and the transmission of infection is decreasing. . Research Methods: This research is an analytic observational with a cross sectional design. The results of this study were that most of the respondents aged between 20-35 years amounted to 29 people (58%). The gender of the majority of women amounted to 28 people (56%). Most of the education is SMA with 28 people (56%). Most of the occupations are college students, students and not working totaling 19 people (38%). The knowledge of the respondents is good amounting to 32 people (64%). Most of the economic status is moderate amounting to 28 people (56%). Most of the access to treatment is close, amounting to 48 people (96%). Most of the PMO types are families with 46 people (92%). Most of the PMO roles were good, amounting to 44 people (88%). Most of the drug sensitive people were drug sensitive 6 months totaling 45 people (90%). There are 3 factors that influence the success of Pulmonary TB Treatment at the Rimba Jaya Health Center, namely education, economic status and access to treatment. Meanwhile, those that do not affect the success of drug-sensitive pulmonary TB treatment are age, gender, occupation, type of PMO, role of PMO, knowledge. The conclusion of this study is that there are 3 factors that influence the success of Pulmonary TB Treatment at the Rimba Jaya Health Center, namely education, economic status and access to treatment. Meanwhile, those that do not affect the success of drug-sensitive pulmonary TB treatment are age, gender, occupation, type of PMO, role of PMO, knowledge.
Effect of Parenting Attitudes on Delinquency of Multicultural Adolescents: Focusing on Mediating Effect of Psychological Maladjustment
Authors:   The Correction Welfare Society of Korea, Park Sun-Sook
Published: October 2022

This study identified the effect of parenting attitudes perceived by multicultural adolescents on delinquency and investigated the mediating effect of psychological maladjustment of multicultural adolescents in this relationship. As for the research method, SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 were used for 1,146 third-grade high school students of the 9th multicultural adolescents panel, and the analysis results are as follows. First, in the case of parental support, it does not directly affect the delinquency of multicultural adolescents, but there was a significantly positive effect of lowering it by significantly lowering psychological maladjustment. Second, supervisionary parenting attitude had a positive effect of directly lowering the delinquency of multicultural adolescents and indirectly lowering the delinquency by lowering psychological maladjustment. Third, the mediating effect of psychological maladjustment of parental support was greater than that of supervisionary parenting attitude, but in the total effect, supervisionary parenting attitude had a more positive effect than parental support. Finally, neglectful parenting attitude did not directly affect delinquency, but it negatively affected the psychological maladjustment of multicultural adolescents, resulting in a negative mediating effect of increasing the level of delinquency. However, the total effect was not significant.
Determinants of Depression among Incarcerated Women
Authors:   The Correction Welfare Society of Korea, Lee Jin Hyuk , Jhone Jin Ho
Published: October 2022

This study aims to identify the current status of depression and related characteristics of incarcerated women, and to explain factors affecting the depression of incarcerated women in South Korea. For this purpose, this study used a sample of 171 incarcerated women from the dataset of ‘2016 Survey on the Right to Health in Prisons’. As the primary analysis method, a binary logistic model was used. As a result, first, regarding prison environments, long periods of imprisonment, short exercise time, and appropriate eating were significant predictors of female prisoners’ depression. Second, regarding individual and health factors, marital status before detention, number of health problems, and hard day to sleep at night were the significant predictors of female prisoners’ depression. Third, regarding women-related factors, pain experienced with untreated gynecological disease was the significant predictor of female prisoners’ depression. Based on the result, the study emphasized the need to consider the women-related factors to intervene the depression, and provided practical·policy suggestions.
Direction of sex education program according to sexual knowledge and attitude of delinquent adolescents
Authors:   The Correction Welfare Society of Korea, An Yun Sook
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to find the direction of a sex education program that can be applied to delinquent adolescents based on the results of interviewing 7 delinquent adolescents who were discharged from the facility on sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, and sex education. The delinquent adolescents did not adapt properly to facility life and had experiences of running away and being exposed to delinquency. Their sexual knowledge and attitude were distorted without an opportunity to access correct information because they were approached through an acquaintance or the Internet. In addition, since sexual knowledge from the perspective of adult rights was not established, sexual problems were occurring even in relationships with friends of the opposite sex, and female research participants were placed in the crime of 'grooming'. Regarding sexual attitudes, it was found that they were lonely rather than having an open attitude due to the right to sexual self-determination, and they were dating because there were other children. Based on this sexual knowledge and attitude, the direction of the sex education program was proposed. First, it is necessary to develop and apply it in consideration of the target audience and environment. Second, the contents should be structured so that sexual values and awareness of adult rights can be cultivated. Third, the experience-oriented sex education program is more suitable for the sex education of delinquent adolescents than the knowledge-oriented sex education program. Fourth, it is necessary to regulate the commercialization of digital sex. Fifth, the problem of unsatisfied deprivation in life in facilities must be resolved.
Refined frequency estimates for stability domains of synchronization systems
Authors: Smirnova Vera , Proskurnikov Anton , Titov Roman
Published: October 2022

n this paper we examine stability of Lur’e-type systems arising as a feedback superpositions of infinite-dimensional linear blocks, described by integrodifferential Volterra equations, and periodic nonlinearities. Such systems have multiple equilibria, so traditional methods of stability investigation, defined for systems with single equilibrium are no good here. In the paper traditional Popov method of a priori integral indices is combined with two special techniques: Leonov’s nonlocal reduction method and the Bakaev-Guzh procedure. As a result new frequency–algebraic stability criteria are established, yielding tightened estimates of stability domains in the space of the system’s parameters.
On tracking control problem for fractional order descriptor systems
Authors: Muhafzan  , Nazra Admi , Baqi A.I. , Zulakmal
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we discuss the tracking control problem for fractional order descriptor systems. The aim of this paper is to find the optimal tracking control-state pair satisfying the dynamic constraint of the form a fractional order descriptor system such that the performance index is minimized. The method of solving is to convert such the tracking control problem for a fractional order descriptor system into the standard fractional order system. Under some particular conditions, we find the explicit formulas of the optimal tracking control-state pair which minimize the performance index.
PENGEMBANGAN SMART INFRASTRUCTURE PADA ASPEK PRASARANA PERKOTAAN DI KOTA BANDARLAMPUNG
Authors: Sari Diah Mayang , Ibad Muhammad Zainal , Tanjung Adinda Sekar
Published: October 2022

The city of Bandar Lampung, which is the capital of Lampung Province, which is currently not included in the 100 smart city movement in Indonesia, has tried to keep up with and make Bandar Lampung a smart city. Marked by the vision of the City of Bandar Lampung, namely "Bandar Lampung is healthy, intelligent, faithful, cultured, superior and competitive based on the people's economy" (RPJMD Bandar Lampung City, 2016-2021). The increasing number of residents in Bandar Lampung City causes basic infrastructure services to be improved in order to meet the needs of the community. The concept of smart infrastructure that has been implemented in various countries has been able to help fulfill and maximize city infrastructure services to be effective and efficient. Research on smart infrastructure in Bandar Lampung City is still new and relatively early, so it is very important to know the position of smart infrastructure development in Bandar Lampung City. This development can be identified by examining the stages of the city's smart infrastructure (Royal Academy of Engineering, 2017 in Ogie et al, 2019). The purpose of this study is to examine the development of smart infrastructure in urban infrastructure aspects in Bandar Lampung City. This research was conducted using a qualitative deductive approach, while the research data were analyzed using content analysis techniques and qualitative descriptive analysis. The result of this research is that the urban infrastructure of Bandar Lampung City is at an early stage towards the concept of smart infrastructure, which is still between the traditional stage and the semi-intelligent stage.