bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Invited) High Power Phosphor-Free InGaN/GaN/AlGaN Core-Shell Nanowire White Light Emitting Diodes on Si Substrates
Authors: Mi Zetian , Nguyen Hieu , Djavid Mehrdad , Zhang Shaofei , Connie Ashfiqua , Sadaf Sharif , Wang Qi , Zhao Songrui , Shih Ishiang
Published: May 2014

We have identified that the extremely low carrier injection efficiency in nanowire light emitting diodes is mainly due to the severe carrier loss through nonradiative surface recombination. Such a bottleneck can be effectively addressed by utilizing an in situ grown AlGaN shell surrounding the InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire LED structures, leading to significantly enhanced carrier injection efficiency and output power. Moreover, the quality of white-light emission from such core-shell nanowire LEDs including the color temperature and color rendering index can also be massively improved by further optimizing the device structure for example the size and the In compositions of the InGaN dots in a single epitaxial growth step.
(Invited) The Interplay of Particle Size and Doping Concentration on the Electronic Structure of Doped Quantum Dots
Authors: Wright Joshua , Lawson Stuart , Meulenberg Robert W
Published: May 2014

We present our efforts towards investigating the effects of copper doping on the electronic structure of CdSe QDs. Both x-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) and theoretical modeling are used to examine effects of hybridization on the conduction band minimum (CBM) in doped CdSe quantum dots (QDs). Experimentally, Cd M3-edge XANES provides evidence for a lowering of the CB minimum for Cu doped CdSe QDs that is dependent on Cu concentration. Theoretical modeling suggests the effects of hybridization between Cu and Cd atoms in the QD can explain our experimental results. The hybridization effect leads to active emissive states below the CBM resulting in tunable near-infrared photoluminescence. Our work shows that a simple chemical model can provide a predictive tool towards probing the effects of hybridization on the CB levels in QDs.
White-Light Emission from Amorphous ZrHfO Thin Film Dielectrics with and without Embedded Nanocrystalline CdSe Dots
Authors: Lin Chi-Chou , Kuo Yue
Published: May 2014

White light emission from the amorphous Zr-doped HfO2 film with or without an embedded nanocrystalline CdSe layer on a p-type silicon wafers has been observed and investigated. The light intensity is enhanced by the inclusion of the nanocrystalline CdSe layer and the increase of the magnitude of the applied gate voltage. The former is due to the increase of the defect density to cause the increase of the number of the leakage current paths. The latter is due to the increase of energy to excite the conductive path. The broad band emission spectra from both samples cover the visible and near IR wavelength range with a high color rendering index of 98.4. The light emission process can last for more than 1,000 hours continuously with very slight change of the spectrum or the intensity in air without a passivation layer.
(Invited) Carbon Nanotube Based Photonics
Authors: Noury Adrien , Le Roux Xavier , Gaufrès Etienne , Vivien Laurent , Izard Nicolas
Published: May 2014

Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (s-SWNT) are efficiently extracted from a raw nanotube powder using an ultracentrifugation method with a conjugated polymer as extracting agent. This method leads to obtention of metallic-free s-SWNT samples, displaying strong photoluminescence properties. An integration scheme to couple s-SWNT optical properties with silicon waveguide using processes compatible with silicon technology is proposed, and we demonstrated the emission of s-SWNT throught the silicon waveguide at a wavelength of 1.3 µm. This integration scheme is used to couple s-SWNT with silicon microring resonators. Sharp emission peaks originating from light coupled and resonning inside the microring are observed, with quality factors around 3000.
(Invited) Lanthanides Fluorides Doped Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Podhorodecki Artur , Noculak Agnieszka , Banski Mateusz , Sojka Bartlomiej , Zelazo Anna , Misiewicz Jan , Cichos Jakub , Karbowiak Miroslaw , Zasonska Beata , Horak Daniel , Sikora Bozena , Elbaum Danek , Dumych T , Bilyy Rostyslav , Szewczyk M
Published: May 2014

In this work, we present optical and structural properties of fluoride nanocrystals doped with lanthanide ions (β-NaGdF4:Eu3+, ß-NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+ and ß-NaGdF4:Yb3+,Tm3+) obtained in modified co-thermolysis method. We discuss some aspects of their functionalization with ligand exchange and silanization approaches and present some potential application of their use as optical labels.
(Invited) Rare Earth Doped Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structures: A Promising Material System or a Dead End of Optoelectronic Evolution?
Authors: Rebohle Lars , Berencén Yonder , Braun M. , Garrido Blas , Hiller Daniel , Liu B. , Ramírez Joan Manel , Sun Jiaming , Wutzler Rene , Helm Manfred , Skorupa Wolfgang
Published: May 2014

The suitability of rare earth doped metal-oxide-semiconductor structures for optoelectronic applications is investigated. To do so, several Tb- and Er-doped devices with different designs and fabricated by different methods are compared among each other with respect to their electroluminescence (EL) properties. In detail, the investigated devices show EL power efficiencies between 2×10-4 and 2×10-3 which, taken individually for Tb and Er, have a linear dependence on the EL decay time for low and medium injection current densities. The excited fraction of Er ions is significantly higher than that of Tb ions and achieves a maximum value of 50% (with a maximum uncertainty factor of 2.25) under optimum conditions.
Influence of Size Purification and Self-Assembly on the Photoluminescence of Silicon Nanocrystal Ensembles
Authors: Miller Joseph , Van Sickle Austin , Anthony Rebecca , Kortshagen Uwe , Kroll Daniel , Hobbie Erik
Published: May 2014

Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) synthesized through a nonthermal plasma reaction are purified through density-gradient ultracentrifugation in mixed organic solvents to achieve highly monodisperse fractions. These fractions show a reduction in photoluminescent (PL) linewidth, increased band alignment, and the emergence of short-range crystalline order in dried films. The films display a significant PL enhancement that we suggest arises from nanocrystal interactions in densely packed arrays and we exploit this to achieve photostable emission. We also explore how this PL enhancement emerges, from the scale of individual nanocrystals up to clusters of more than a thousand, and we examine the influence of different polymers on the self-assembly and PL stability of ensemble structures.
Luminescent Electrochromic Device Based on a Biohybrid Electrolyte Doped with a Mixture of Potassium Triflate and a Europium β-diketonate Complex
Authors: Fernandes Mariana , Botas A. M. P. , Leones R. , Pereira S , Silva M. M. , Ferreira Rute Sa , Carlos Luis D , Fortunato Elvira , Rego Rosa , de Zea Bermudez V.
Published: May 2014

An amorphous poly(å-caprolactone) (PCL(530))/siloxane hybrid doped with potassium triflate (KCF3SO3) and Eu(btfac)3phen (where btfac- is 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-2,4-butanedionate and phen is 1,10-phenantroline) was synthesized by the sol-gel method. This hybrid exhibits a maximum and constant absolute emission quantum yield value of 0.26±0.03 under excitation within 330-360 nm. The performance of a prototype ECD based on a glass/ITO/WO3/electrolyte/NiO/ITO/glass incorporating this material is very encouraging. The device exhibited switching time around 50 s, an optical density change of 0.06, and a coloration efficiency of 23 cm2C-1 in the 2nd cycle. This work demonstrates that the combined use of an ionic salt and a lanthanide complex as active species of an ECD’s electrolyte offers attractive new prospects for the fabrication of light emitting electrochromic windows.
Correlation of Surface Composition to Optical Properties of CdSe Nanocrystals
Authors: Shakeri Behtash , Meulenberg Robert W
Published: May 2014

In this article, we will discuss our efforts towards investigating controlled efforts of ligand exchange in CdSe nanocrystals. Most notably, we focus on the trioctylphosphine oxide coated CdSe system examining the effects of multiple washing of the nanocrystals during the cleaning process. The materials still possess quantum confinement like features, yet are not dispersible in typical organic solvents. Using a host of analytical techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, we probe the how surface coverage is affected during the cleaning process of the nanocrystals. Intriguingly, thin films made from these “excessively cleaned” nanocrystal solutions leads to preferential orientation of particle as observed from powder x-ray diffraction. Lastly, we discuss the impact these surface chemistry treatments have on the photoluminescence of these materials.
(Invited) Monolithic Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits: Process and Design Implications
Authors: Geng Hui , Maresca Luke , Cronquist Brian , Or-Bach Zvi , Shi Yiyu
Published: May 2014

Conventional three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) stack multiple dies vertically for higher integration density, shorter wirelength, smaller footprint, faster speed and lower power consumption. However, the through-silicon-vias (TSVs) in die-stacking based 3D ICs are large in size (>1um) and reduce the benefits that can be attained by the technology. In this paper, we will introduce a new fabrication process that facilitates monolithic 3D die integration and yields much smaller TSVs (~50 nm). We will also discuss various design benefits brought by the monolithic 3D IC technology.
(Invited) Atom Switch Technology for Low-Power Nonvolatile Logic Application
Authors: Tada Munehiro , Sakamoto Toshitsugu , Miyamura Makoto , Banno Naoki , Okamoto Koichiro , Hada Hiromitsu
Published: May 2014

This paper reports Atom switch technology featuring Cu nanometer-scale conducting bridge in a solid-electrolyte. The switch exhibits resistance-switching, which is originated from Cu electrolysis through the solid-electrolyte. Three types of device structure of Atom switches such as two-terminal device, CAS and DCAS are reviewed with the object of the routing switch application to directly replace the conventional CMOS switch element, realizing the low-power, nonvolatile programmable logic.
Effect of Current Compliance on Resistive Switching Characteristics of Amorphous Ternary Rare Earth Oxide SmGdO3 Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Misra Pankaj , Sharma Yogesh , Katiyar Ram S.
Published: May 2014

Effect of current compliance on the resistive switching characteristics of SmGdO3 based resistive random access memory devices has been investigated. It was observed that increasing current compliance during the set process of device decreases the resistance of device in low resistance state and set/reset voltages which was attributed to increase in diameter of conductive filament on increasing current compliance. Switching between low and high resistance states was attributed to formation and rupture these conductive filaments. By systematically varying the current compliance non-volatile and stable 4-level resistance states with sufficient margin of resistance ratios were observed which remained mostly unchanged with respect to time and switching cycles. These findings seem to be promising for futuristic multi-bit nonvolatile memory applications.
Reliability Performances of BST Capacitors for Impedance Tuning Applications
Authors: Bouyssou Emilien , Diatta Marianne Amemagne , Trupkovic Alexandra , Gardes Pascal , Forster Stephane , Charley Sylvain
Published: May 2014

STMicroelectronics recently developed a solution of integrated tunable capacitor based on BST material, which offers excellent RF performances, low power consumption and high linearity required in adaptive radiofrequency tuning applications. This paper focuses more particularly on the development of a predictive reliability model established from highly accelerated tests performed directly at wafer level on dedicated capacitor test structures. The validity of such model, representative of Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) failure mechanism, was confirmed by additional package level reliability tests, carried out on final product samples. The lifetime predictions provided by the model turn out to be perfectly compliant with RF tunable applications, considering typical mission profiles for such products.
Carbon-Electrode Dielectrophoresis for Bioparticle Manipulation
Authors: Martinez-Duarte Rodrigo
Published: May 2014

This work presents the latest application of carbon-electrode Dielectrophoresis, a technique for particle separation. The use of 3D carbon electrodes allows for higher throughput and efficiency when compared to more traditional DEP techniques, such as metal-electrode and insulator-based DEP. The applications presented here all feature a protocol that allows for enrichment and purification of a targeted particle population from a sample; and effectively enables sample preparation for downstream analysis. The final goal is the integration of independent carbon-electrode arrays, optimized in their geometry and polarizing signals, to achieve an automated sample preparation device comprising functions such as concentration, purification and lysis.
Nanostructure-Driven Ion Transport in PCBM-Based Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Sun Che-Nan , Zawodzinski Thomas A. , Ren Fei , Keum Jong Kahk , Chen Jihua
Published: May 2014

In this study, we report the nanostructure, crystallization, mechanical properties, and temperature-dependent ion conductivities of fullerene-based polymer-matrix nanocomposite electrolyte.
Selective Detection of Dopamine against Ascorbic Acid Interference Using 3D Carbon Interdigitated Electrode Arrays
Authors: Kamath Rahul , Madou Marc J
Published: May 2014

Three-Dimensional Carbon Interdigitated electrode arrays were fabricated using a single step 365 nm UV photolithography of a negative photoresist followed by pyrolysis under nitrogen flow. The sensor was applied to selectively detect dopamine via redox cycling in the presence of ascorbic acid under physiological conditions. The sensor didn’t require any chemical modification to achieve selectivity and low limit of detection i.e., 1.5 µM and a linearity range of 5-500 µM in the presence of 0.1 mM ascorbic acid.
3C-SiC on Si: A Biocompatible Material for Advanced Bioelectronic Devices
Authors: Saddow Stephen E. , Frewin Chris , Reyes Meralys , Register Joseph , Nezafati Maysam , Thomas Sylvia
Published: May 2014

Silicon carbide (SiC) has long been known as a robust semiconductor with superior properties to silicon for electronic applications. The cubic form of SiC, known as 3C-SiC, has been researched for non-electronic applications, such as MEMS and biosensors. In particular, our group has demonstrated that 3C-SiC is one of the few semiconductor materials that possesses both bio- and hemacompatibility, thus opening up a plethora of applications for this material. We have pioneered several biomedical devices using 3C-SiC grown on Si substrates, and recently have been investigating the use of this novel material for both continuous glucose monitoring and neural prosthetic applications. We will review nearly a decade of activity in this regard, with particular emphasis on the most promising applications: in vivo continuous glucose monitoring and biomedical implants for connecting the human nervous system to advanced prosthetics.
Fast Hankel Transforms Algorithm Based on Kernel Function Interpolation with Exponential Functions
Authors: Zhang Huaiqing , Chen Yu , Nie Xin
Published: May 2014

The Pravin method for Hankel transforms is based on the decomposition of kernel function with exponential function. The defect of such method is the difficulty in its parameters determination and lack of adaptability to kernel function especially using monotonically decreasing functions to approximate the convex ones. This thesis proposed an improved scheme by adding new base function in interpolation procedure. The improved method maintains the merit of Pravin method which can convert the Hankel integral to algebraic calculation. The simulation results reveal that the improved method has high precision, high efficiency, and good adaptability to kernel function. It can be applied to zero-order and first-order Hankel transforms.
Sawdust Ash as Powder Material for Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Naphthalene Sulfonate
Authors: Elinwa Augustine U. , Mamuda Ahmed M.
Published: May 2014

Tests are carried out to determine the fluidity of Ashaka Portland cement paste and its compatibility with sawdust ash (SDA) as powder material for self-compacting cement (SCC) mixtures. Results of the investigation showed that saturation was achieved at w/c ratios of 0.4 and 0.42, at dosages of naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizers of 3.5% and 2%, respectively. The optimum replacement level for the SCC mixture was 10 wt.% of cement by SDA and 2% of the superplasticizer dosage. The achieved spread and flow time were 26 cm and 8 seconds and are within the specified range of 24 cm to 26 cm and 7 to 11 seconds, respectively. Statistical inference showed that the mix, w/c, and the interaction between the mix and w/c ratio are significant.
A High-Performance Genetic Algorithm: Using Traveling Salesman Problem as a Case
Authors: Tsai Chun-Wei , Tseng Shih-Pang , Chiang Ming-Chao , Yang Chu-Sing , Hong Tzung-Pei
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a simple but efficient algorithm for reducing the computation time of genetic algorithm (GA) and its variants. The proposed algorithm is motivated by the observation that genes common to all the individuals of a GA have a high probability of surviving the evolution and ending up being part of the final solution; as such, they can be saved away to eliminate the redundant computations at the later generations of a GA. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we use it not only to solve the traveling salesman problem but also to provide an extensive analysis on the impact it may have on the quality of the end result. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the computation time of GA and GA-based algorithms while limiting the degradation of the quality of the end result to a very small percentage compared to traditional GA.
Evaluating the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Based on an Artificial Intelligence Model
Authors: Chen Hui , Xiong Shenghua , Ren Xuan
Published: May 2014

Metabolic syndrome is worldwide public health problem and is a serious threat to people's health and lives. Understanding the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the physical symptoms is a difficult and challenging task, and few studies have been performed in this field. It is important to classify adults who are at high risk of metabolic syndrome without having to use a biochemical index and, likewise, it is important to develop technology that has a high economic rate of return to simplify the complexity of this detection. In this paper, an artificial intelligence model was developed to identify adults at risk of metabolic syndrome based on physical signs; this artificial intelligence model achieved more powerful capacity for classification compared to the PCLR (principal component logistic regression) model. A case study was performed based on the physical signs data, without using a biochemical index, that was collected from the staff of Lanzhou Grid Company in Gansu province of China. The results show that the developed artificial intelligence model is an effective classification system for identifying individuals at high risk of metabolic syndrome.
New Highly Efficient Families of Higher-Order Methods for Simple Roots, Permittingf′(xn)=0
Authors: Behl Ramandeep , Kanwar V.
Published: May 2014

Construction of higher-order optimal and globally convergent methods for computing simple roots of nonlinear equations is an earliest and challenging problem in numerical analysis. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present optimal and globally convergent families of King's method and Ostrowski's method having biquadratic and eight-order convergence, respectively, permittingf′(x)=0in the vicinity of the required root. Fourth-order King's family and Ostrowski's method can be seen as special cases of our proposed scheme. All the methods considered here are found to be more effective to the similar robust methods available in the literature. In their dynamical study, it has been observed that the proposed methods have equal or better stability and robustness as compared to the other methods.
System Level Design of Reconfigurable Server Farms Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography Processor Engines
Authors: Moon Sangook , Park Jongsu
Published: May 2014

As today’s hardware architecture becomes more and more complicated, it is getting harder to modify or improve the microarchitecture of a design in register transfer level (RTL). Consequently, traditional methods we have used to develop a design are not capable of coping with complex designs. In this paper, we suggest a way of designing complex digital logic circuits with a soft and advanced type of SystemVerilog at an electronic system level. We apply the concept of design-and-reuse with a high level of abstraction to implement elliptic curve crypto-processor server farms. With the concept of the superior level of abstraction to the RTL used with the traditional HDL design, we successfully achieved the soft implementation of the crypto-processor server farms as well as robust test bench code with trivial effort in the same simulation environment. Otherwise, it could have required error-prone Verilog simulations for the hardware IPs and other time-consuming jobs such as C/SystemC verification for the software, sacrificing more time and effort. In the design of the elliptic curve cryptography processor engine, we propose a 3X faster GF(2m) serial multiplication architecture.
A Mathematical Model for Optimizing Organizational Learning Capability
Authors: Alikhani Masoomeh , Fazlollahtabar Hamed
Published: May 2014

Learning capability is the basis of evolution in every organization. Since the simplification and development of learning level in any organization seems to be necessary, in this paper we represent a mathematical model to maximize organizational learning capability. The proposed mathematical model focuses on required cost, labor, and capital, for implementation of ten effective factors on learning capability in different parts of an organization so that they are effective in learning capability with least cost for organization. To measure the factors in different parts of an organization some metrics are introduced. Computational tests confirm the effectiveness of the model. The model is optimized by epsilon constraint while it is multiobjective one. The validation of the model is also reported to emphasize the validity and applicability of the proposed methodology.
Quantitative Analysis ofPanax ginsengby FT-NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Xin-fang , Nie Li-xing , Pan Li-li , Hao Bian , Yuan Shao-xiong , Lin Rui-chao , Bu Hai-bo , Wang Dan , Dong Ling , Li Xiang-ri
Published: May 2014

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a rapid and efficient tool, was used to determine the total amount of nine ginsenosides inPanax ginseng. In the study, the regression models were established using multivariate regression methods with the results from conventional chemical analytical methods as reference values. The multivariate regression methods, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR), were discussed and the PLSR was more suitable. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), second derivative, and Savitzky-Golay smoothing were utilized together for the spectral preprocessing. When evaluating the final model, factors such as correlation coefficient (R2) and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were considered. The final optimal results of PLSR model showed that root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and correlation coefficients (R2) in the calibration set were 0.159 and 0.963, respectively. The results demonstrated that the NIRS as a new method can be applied to the quality control ofGinseng Radix et Rhizoma.
Antagonistic Interactions of “Ya-Sa-Marn-Phlae” Ethanol Extract in Combination with Topical Antiseptics against Clinical Isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chusri Sasitorn , Tongrod Sirirat , Chokpaisarn Julalak , Limsuwan Surasak , Voravuthikunchai Supayang Piyawan
Published: May 2014

This investigation was aimed at assessing a possible interaction of a traditional Thai herbal recipe, “Ya-Sa-Marn-Phlae (YSMP),” used for wound treatments with topical antiseptics, povidone-iodine (PI) solution and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and effects of THR-SK010 alone and the combinations onStaphylococcus aureus. Antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts from the herbal recipe were determined against both methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA). YSMP exhibited remarkable antistaphylococcal activity with MIC values of 3.9–7.8 μg/mL. This recipe possessed bacteriostatic activity and did not reduce the tolerance of both MRSA and MSSA isolates to the high ionic strength. Interaction between THR-SK010 and the antiseptics was carried out by checkerboard testing and time-kill assay. Both indifferent and slightly antagonistic effects were observed with THR-SK010/PI and THR-SK010/H2O2combinations against the tested isolates. In addition to commercially available antiseptics, THR-SK010 offered additional therapeutic options for the decolonization of MRSA and MSSA. Topical application of plant extracts with antioxidant activity, such as THR-SK010, should not be used immediately with PI or H2O2and further investigation on this interaction is needed.
Diploneis fenestrata sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new aerophilic diatom species from Zambia, Africa
Authors: TAYLOR JONATHAN C. , KARTHICK BALASUBRAMANIAN , COCQUYT CHRISTINE , LANG PAULINE
Published: May 2014

Diploneis fenestrata, a new aerophilic diatom is described from Lumangwe falls, Zambia. This novel species occurs as an epiphyte on the roots and stems of trees located within the spray zone of the falls. Its morphology was examined with both light and scanning electron microscopy. Diploneis fenestrata is distinguished from other taxa in the genus Diploneis by its prominent square openings ranging in number from 4-14 occurring within the area of the longitudinal canal only at the outer cell wall. The occurrence of these characteristic square openings found in the genus Diploneis is further discussed.
Examining Representation of the Non-Local
Authors: Naduvath Jaibal
Published: May 2014

This article examines how the United Kingdom’s media represents contemporary China. Using the context of the Beijing Olympics, the article examines the UK media’s representation of China through the prisms of ideology, history and geopolitics. Using Content Analysis, the inquiry examines news reports on the Olympics published in the UK’s ‘national newspapers’ (as classified by Lexis Nexis) between 9 May 2008 and 8 August 2008, the three-month period immediately preceding the games. The article finds the UK media’s narrative on China prejudiced by ideological differences, biases traceable to historical presuppositions, and anxieties emanating from China’s resurgence on the world stage.
Production Networks and the Organization of the Global Manufacturing Economy
Authors: Mahutga Matthew C.
Published: May 2014

In this article, I explicate an organizational theory that links global models of networked organization to cross-national variation in manufacturing specialization. To subject the theory to empirical scrutiny, I derive cross-nationally comparable measurements of the average network position of resident firms in two industries with ideal-typical forms of network governance—garments and transportation equipment. Analytical results suggest that manufacturing specialization varies by network position in both industries, even when controlling for time-invariant country-specific organizational unobservables and conventional thinking on international specialization. Moreover, these networks matter only during the period after which the two types of governance are alleged to have become the predominant organizational logic of the two industries, and are more important for manufacturing specialization in the transport-equipment industry. The article concludes by implicating these findings in discussions of the distribution of the gains from networked forms of economic organization.
Competing Logics of Commemoration
Authors: Saito Hiro , Wang Yoko
Published: May 2014

Recent studies in collective memory point to the emergence of cosmopolitan commemoration that takes humanity, rather than nationality, as a primary frame of reference. But these studies have yet to specify how cosmopolitan commemoration emerges and articulates with existing nationalist commemoration. To solve this problem, we examine the “history problem” between Japan and South Korea by focusing on how relevant political and civic actors negotiated cosmopolitanism and nationalism in commemorating Japan’s past colonial rule and wartime atrocities. In light of our historical analysis, we argue that a synthesis of theories of institutional logics and social movements is useful in illuminating how the emergence of cosmopolitan commemoration is embedded in specific networks of political and civic actors as mobilizing structures, and how the content and trajectory of its articulation with nationalist commemoration depends on political opportunities available to competing networks aligned differently with the two logics of commemoration.
Model Looks, Motives, and Affective Outcomes
Authors: Dickinson-Delaporte Sonia , Ford John B. , Gill Donna
Published: May 2014

Highly attractive models are intended to impact psychologically on message receivers and improve awareness, expectations, attitudes, beliefs, and advertising effectiveness; however, benefits accrue in only particular situations. This study examines how advertising triggers affect when comparison motive is paired with a particular model beauty type. Qualitative work preceded empirical study, which involved use of three types of model beauty (classic, sexual, and cute), two comparison motives (self-evaluation headline and self-improvement headline), and two product contexts (problem-solving and enhancement). Female university students ( N = 1,170) were surveyed with findings indicating that viewers do react differently depending on the beauty type, with evidence of an interaction between beauty type and comparison motive.
Emergence and Social Transformation of Charitable Medical Institutions in Delhi
Authors: Nundy Madhurima
Published: May 2014

This article examines the transformation of charitable medical institutions in Delhi within the context of the changes in medicine, science, charity and society. To elucidate this, it traces the emergence, growth and transformation of institutions from the colonial era to post-partition. The article provides the larger context within which these institutions emerged, the colonial state and its interactions with various actors, the differential patronage provided by the colonial state to allopathic institutions, the changing social composition and the transformation of the institutions.
Microstructures and properties of friction stir spot welded DP590 dual phase steel sheets
Authors: Sarkar R. , Pal T. K. , Shome M.
Published: May 2014

DP590 steel sheets were joined by friction stir spot welding using polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool with an objective to produce bond diameters similar to conventional spot welding nuggets. A range of spindle rotation (400–2400 rev min−1) and plunge speeds (0·03–3·8 mm s−1) were exercised to attain defect free welds in 1·6 mm thick sheets. A bond diameter of 4 t1/2, alike minimum nugget diameter criteria for resistance spot welds, resulted in superior mechanical properties than conventional spot welds. The heat inputs corresponding to different welding parameters influenced the weld microstructure, including grain size, phases and their morphology. The bond diameter was higher for higher heat inputs. However, low heat input welds with weld time cycles ∼4 s produced more refined microstructure and exhibited similar strengths even with reduced bond size. Plug type failure was associated with larger bond diameters (∼7·1 mm), while interfacial failure was observed with smaller welds (∼5·4 mm).
Formation mechanisms for the dominant kinks with different angles in InP nanowires
Authors: Zhang Minghuan , Wang Fengyun , Wang Chao , Wang Yiqian , Yip SenPo , Ho Johnny C
Published: May 2014

The morphologies and microstructures of kinked InP nanowires (NWs) prepared by solid-source chemical vapor deposition method were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Statistical analysis and structural characterization reveal that four different kinds of kinks are dominant in the grown InP NWs with a bending angle of approximately 70°, 90°, 110°, and 170°, respectively. The formation mechanisms of these kinks are discussed. Specifically, the existence of kinks with bending angles of approximately 70° and 110° are mainly attributed to the occurrence of stacking faults and nanotwins in the NWs, which could easily form by the glide of {111} planes, while approximately 90° kinks result from the local amorphorization of InP NWs. Also, approximately 170° kinks are mainly caused by small-angle boundaries, where the insertion of extra atomic planes could make the NWs slightly bent. In addition, multiple kinks with various angles are also observed. Importantly, all these results are beneficial to understand the formation mechanisms of kinks in compound semiconductor NWs, which could guide the design of nanostructured materials, morphologies, microstructures, and/or enhanced mechanical properties.
PAR2-Mediated Upregulation of BDNF Contributes to Central Sensitization in Bone Cancer Pain
Authors: Bao Yanju , Hou Wei , Liu Rui , Gao Yebo , Kong Xiangying , Yang Liping , Shi Zhan , Li Weidong , Zheng Honggang , Jiang Shulong , Li Conghuang , Qin Yinggang , Hua Baojin
Published: May 2014

Background:

Bone cancer pain is currently a major clinical challenge for the management of cancer patients, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the spinal sensitization remain unclear. While several studies demonstrated the critical role of proteinase-activated receptor (PAR2) in the pathogenesis of several types of inflammatory or neuropathic pain, the involvement of spinal PAR2 and the pertinent signaling in the central sensitization is not determined yet in the rodent model of bone cancer pain.

Findings:

Implantation of tumor cells into the tibias induced significant thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, and enhanced glutamatergic strength in the ipsilateral dorsal horn. Significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was detected in the dorsal horn, and blockade of spinal BDNF signaling attenuated the enhancement of glutamatergic strength, thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the rats with bone cancer pain. Significantly increased spinal PAR2 expression was also observed, and inhibition of PAR2 signaling ameliorated BDNF upsurge, enhanced glutamatergic strength, and thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway, the downstream of PAR2 signaling, also significantly decreased the spinal BDNF expression, glutamatergic strength of dorsal horn neurons, and thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrated that activation of PAR2 triggered NF-κB signaling and significantly upregulated the BDNF function, which critically contributed to the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission in spinal dorsal horn and thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the rats with bone cancer. This indicated that PAR2 – NF-κB signaling might become a novel target for the treatment of pain in patients with bone cancer.
Synovial explant inflammatory mediator production corresponds to rheumatoid arthritis imaging hallmarks: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Andersen Martin , Boesen Mikael , Ellegaard Karen , Christensen Robin , Söderström Kalle , Søe Niels , Spee Pieter , Mørch Ulrik GW , Torp-Pedersen Søren , Bartels Else Marie , Danneskiold-Samsøe Bente , Vendel Nina , Karlsson Lars , Bliddal Henning
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Despite the widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Doppler ultrasound for the detection of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity, little is known regarding the association of imaging-detected activity and synovial pathology. The purpose of this study was to compare site-specific release of inflammatory mediators and evaluate the corresponding anatomical sites by examining colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and MRI scans.

Methods

RA patients were evaluated on the basis of CDUS and 3-T MRI scans and subsequently underwent synovectomy using a needle arthroscopic procedure of the hand joints. The synovial tissue specimens were incubated for 72 hours, and spontaneous release of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) and IL-8 was measured by performing multiplex immunoassays. Bone marrow oedema (BME), synovitis and erosion scores were estimated on the basis of the rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score (RAMRIS). Mixed models were used for the statistical analyses. Parsimony was achieved by omitting covariates with P > 0.1 from the statistical model.

Results

Tissue samples from 58 synovial sites were obtained from 25 patients. MCP-1 was associated with CDUS activity (P = 0.009, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.41), RAMRIS BME score (P = 0.01, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.42) and RAMRIS erosion score (P = 0.03, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.31). IL-6 was associated with RAMRIS synovitis score (P = 0.04, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.50), BME score (P = 0.04, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.31) and RAMRIS erosion score (P = 0.03, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.35). MIP-1β was associated with CDUS activity (P = 0.02, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.38) and RAMRIS synovitis scores (P = 0.02, approximate Spearman’s ρ = 0.63). IL-8 associations with imaging outcome measures did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

The association between imaging activity and synovial inflammatory mediators underscores the high sensitivity of CDUS and MRI in the evaluation of RA disease activity. The associations found in our present study have different implications for synovial mediator releases and corresponding imaging signs. For example, MCP-1 and IL-6 were associated with both general inflammation and bone destruction, in contrast to MIP-1β, which was involved solely in general synovitis. The lack of association of IL-8 with synovitis was likely underestimated because of a large proportion of samples above assay detection limits among the patients with the highest synovitis scores.
Morphometric analyses of the Paracentral Lobe.
Authors: Oliveira Neto Moacyr , Nascimento Payron Augusto , Rodrigues Renan Barbosa , Machado William Browne de Oliveira , Oliveira Lean de Sousa , Silva Filho Antônio Ribeiro da
Published: May 2014

Introduction:There are no studies that evaluate measurements of the distances between the grooves that delimit the Paracentral Lobule (PCL) in the literature. This study seeks to contribute to the knowledge regarding the anatomy of the PCL, conducting an analysis of morphometric measurements in this region and its correlation with the paracentral sulcus, marginal branch of the cingulate and central sulcus.Methods:42 hemispheres were evaluated, 20 were right and 22 left. Using digital caliper Dc - 6 Western ®, measurements of the size of PCL in the sagittal axis and coronal axis were made, in addition to measures of the Central Sulcus to the Paracentral Sulcus (motor area) and Central Sulcus to Marginal Branch of the Cingulate Sulcus (somesthetic area), comparing the prevalence of each of these lengths between hemispheres.Results:The average length between the Paracentral Sulcus and the Central Sulcus was 24.49 cm(14.2 to 38.6 cm) in the right hemisphere and 25.50 cm(11.7 to 37.0 cm) in the left. As between the Central Sulcus and the Marginal Branch of the Cingulate Sulcus was in average 10.03 cm(2.6 to 22.7 cm) in the right and in the left PCL 9.17cm(2.6 to 22.7 cm). In the right hemisphere, 19 samples(86,4%) presented greater motor area than somesthetic and, in the left hemisphere, 19 samples(95%)  had greater motor area.Conclusion:The motor area showed prevalence in relation to the sensory area in the analysis of the two hemispheres, while the comparison of other measures between the two hemispheres showed no significance.
Developing an instrument for assessing fidelity to the intervention in the Critical Time Intervention – Task Shifting (CTI-TS) - preliminary report
Authors: Silva Tatiana , Lovisi Giovanni , Conover Sarah
Published: May 2014

Aim of the study

The fidelity of an intervention can be defined as the degree to which a program implemented following the program model, i.e. the set of well-defined procedures for such intervention. This article aims to describe the steps taken to develop the assessment tool of fidelity to the original protocol of intervention for critical time intervention – task shifting (CTI-TS)

Subject or material and methods

The development of an instrument to assess the fidelity includes some key stages, as definition of the intervention model, definition of the key components of the intervention, preparation of a preliminary scale, development of assessment sheets fidelity, development of a manual application of scale fidelity, training assessor fidelity and test the preliminary scale carrying out a pilot study

Results

According the experts opinion, 18 key components of the intervention were defined. From these components, was built the fidelity scale which consists of 20 items, divided into three sections, each evaluating one of the types of fidelity: compliance, context and competence.

Discussion

The CTI-TS had its fidelity assessment method developed in accordance with the recommendations in the current literature.

Conclusions

The protocol compliance is essential for the results, whether positive or not, can be credited to the intervention itself.
Complexity and Approximation Results for the Balance Optimization Subset Selection Model for Causal Inference in Observational Studies
Authors: Sauppe Jason J. , Jacobson Sheldon H. , Sewell Edward C.
Published: May 2014

Matching is widely used in the estimation of treatment effects in observational studies. However, the matching paradigm may be too restrictive in many cases because exact matches often do not exist in the available data. One mechanism for overcoming this issue is to relax the requirement of exact matching on some or all of the covariates (attributes that may affect the response to treatment) to a requirement of balance on the covariate distributions for the treatment and control groups. The balance optimization subset selection (BOSS) model can be used to identify a control group featuring optimal covariate balance. This paper explores the relationship between the matching and BOSS models and shows how BOSS subsumes matching. Complexity and approximation results are presented for the resulting models. Computational results demonstrate some of the important trade-offs between matching and BOSS.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2013.0583 .

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Consumer Informedness and Firm Information Strategy
Authors: Li Ting , Kauffman Robert J. , van Heck Eric , Vervest Peter , Dellaert Benedict G. C.
Published: May 2014

Consumer informedness plays a critical role in determining consumer choice in the presence of information technology deployed by competing firms in the marketplace. This paper develops a new theory of consumer informedness. Using data collected through a series of stated choice experiments in two different research contexts, we examine how consumer characteristics and observed behaviors moderate the influence of price and product informedness on consumer choice. The results indicate that different types of consumer informedness amplify different consumer behaviors in specific consumer segments. In particular, we found that price informedness is more influential among consumers in the commodity segment. They exhibit greater trading down behavior, which represents stronger preferences for choosing the products that provide the best price. In contrast, product informedness is more influential among consumers in the differentiated segment. This group exhibits greater trading out behavior, involving stronger preferences for choosing products that best suit their specific needs. These results suggest that firm information strategy should take into account consumers' characteristics, their past observed behaviors, and the impact of consumer informedness. We also discuss the theoretical contributions of this research and its broader implications for firm-level information strategy.
Transparency of Information Acquisition in a Supply Chain
Authors: Li Tian , Tong Shilu , Zhang Hongtao
Published: May 2014

A firm hires a consultant to acquire demand information. The outcome of information acquisition may turn out to be successful such that the firm learns much about the market demand, thus becoming “informed,” or unsuccessful such that it learns very little about the market demand, thus remaining “uninformed.” After the outcome becomes clear, the firm knows its information status, informed or uninformed, and the information content if informed. The client firm usually requires strict confidentiality that forbids the consultant to make any disclosure about the information acquisition, believing that greater informational advantage will surely be to its own benefits. As a result, neither the information content nor the information status is known to any third party. But should the firm always care so much about strict confidentiality? Will it be beneficial if the firm's information status, but not the information content, is known to its partners or any other firms? We investigate this issue in the context of a two-tier supply chain. A manufacturer offers a menu of contracts for supplying a product to a retailer who sells it in a market with random demand that has a known continuous distribution. The retailer hires a consultant to acquire demand information, with uncertain outcome. With probability t, the retailer becomes informed about the market demand, and with probability 1 − t, he remains uninformed, where the probability t can be regarded as representing the retailer's information acquisition capability. We find that disclosing its information status benefits the retailer if its information acquisition capability is less than stellar and the market variability is intermediate. Our investigation shows that there are benefits that are foregone by following strict confidentiality but can potentially be recovered by switching to a policy of partial confidentiality.