bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fake military objects and equipment as an element of military deception. Examples of using dummy targets by the Ukrainian Armed Forces during the armed conflict with the Russian Federation
Authors: Waszczykowski Stanisław Adam
Published: January 2025

Streszczenie

Dezinformacja wojskowa stanowi istotę budowania niematerialnej przewagi nad przeciwnikiem. Jedną z jej metod jest maskowanie operacyjne, w ramach którego wykorzystuje się m.in. sztuczne obiekty i sprzęt wojskowy jako środki pozoracji mające zmylić przeciwnika. Zjawisko to jest obecne od czasów starożytnych, a współcześnie przykłady wykorzystania makiet wojskowych można było zaobserwować podczas wojen w Zatoce Perskiej. Z takich rozwiązań korzysta również Ukraina od czasu pełnoskalowej agresji rosyjskiej. Ukraińskie siły prawdopodobnie używają głównie makiet imitujących środki artyleryjskie, systemy obrony powietrznej i rakietowej oraz systemy radarowe. W ten sposób skutecznie wprowadzają w błąd Rosjan, którzy używają znacznie droższych środków w celu wyeliminowania sztucznych obiektów.

Cel i metody badawcze

Celem badań jest ustalenie rodzajów, zastosowanych przez stronę ukraińską, sztucznych obiektów i sprzętu wojskowego. Wykorzystane zostały teoretyczne metody badawcze oparte na analizie literatury przedmiotu i dostępnych źródeł internetowych. Następnie przeanalizowany materiał został poddany syntezie i abstrahowaniu, a następnie został poddany wnioskowaniu i dedukcji w celu usystematyzowania dotychczasowej wiedzy.

Wnioski / rekomendacje

Analizując obecnie toczącą się wojnę na Ukrainie można uznać, że zastosowanie makiet, jako środka pozoracji stanowi w dalszym ciągu skuteczne narzędzie do prowadzenia dezinformacji wojskowej. Przypuszczalnie najczęściej i najliczniej pozorowane są przez nich środki artyleryjskie, systemy obrony powietrznej i rakietowej oraz systemy radarowe. Zebrane i opisane ukraińskie doświadczenia z wykorzystania sztucznych obiektów i sprzętu wojskowego mogą stanowić również cenne wskazówki dla Polski. Zasadnym jest wznowienie lub kontynuowanie prac w zakresie pozyskiwania i wzmocnienia zdolności do pozorowania sztucznych obiektów i sprzętu wojskowego przez SZ RP.
Consequences of Disinformation: Overview of Selected Manipulation Tools and Techniques
Authors: Kaczmarek Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

Streszczenie

Prawidłowe funkcjonowanie współczesnych społeczeństw, państw i struktur ponadnarodowych opiera się na dostępie do informacji. Wolny obieg informacji jest efektem rozwoju cywilizacyjnego, a przestrzeń informacyjna stała się naturalnym środowiskiem człowieka ery cyfrowej. Ze wszystkimi swoimi korzyściami poznawczymi niesie to ze sobą różne zagrożenia, w tym niebezpieczeństwo rozprzestrzeniania się dezinformacji. Mimo że zjawisko to stanowi poważne zagrożenie, państwa demokratyczne nie dysponują żadnym narzędziem pozwalającym na skuteczną obronę przed nimi. Natomiast dezinformacja, jako element oddziaływania psychologicznego, jest niekinetyczną bronią wykorzystywaną w czasie wojny. W związku z tym istotne staje się znalezienie sposobu na zwiększenie odporności społeczeństwa na dezinformację.

Cel i metody badawcze

Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie dotyczące możliwości skutecznej walki z dezinformacją.
Metody badawcze: badanie literatury przedmiotu, desk research, analiza przypadków.

Wnioski / rekomendacje

Obecnie nie istnieje możliwość całkowitego wyeliminowania wypływu dezinformacji na społeczeństwa demokratyczne. Można jedynie ograniczyć ich wpływ.
Wobec tego jedynym sposobem walki z dezinformacją wydaje się być budowanie społecznej świadomości zagrożeń jakie niesie ze sobą to zjawisko. To z kolei wymaga odpowiedniego modelu kształcenia zawodowego i uniwersyteckiego. Kształcenie to powinno opierać się na praktycznej wiedzy i umiejętnościach osób je prowadzących.
Electrospinning of cellulose acetate fibers from a ternary solvent system
Authors: Matulevičius Jonas , Kliučininkas Linas , Martuzevičius Dainius
Published: January 2025

In this study, cellulose acetate fibers (CA) were prepared by the technique of electrospinning. A new ternary solvent mixture consisting of acetone / dichloromethane (DCM)/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at the ratio of 2/1/1 (v/v/v) was used in the electrospinning process. The suggested composition of solvents ensured continuous electrospinning of CA fibers, while other compositions of the same solvent system were not suitable to produce fibers. Smooth fibers with the mean diameter of 241 ± 92 nm were obtained by the solvent system containing more than 11% (w/v) of CA. The morphology and diameter of electrospun CA fibers were highly dependent on the concentration of CA solution.
Analysis of English-Speaking Proficiency Using the Information Gap Method Among First-Year and Second-Year BA English Major Students
Authors: Capacio Jason Philiip , Tira Phattanaphong
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims: This study looks into how well students' English-speaking abilities can be improved using the Information Gap Method. It seeks to determine the method's advantages and drawbacks for promoting fluency and practical language use. Thus, the purposes of this study were: 1) to investigate the effectiveness of the Information Gap Method in enhancing the English-speaking proficiency of BA English major students, 2) to assess the potential of Information Gap Methods to learner fluency, vocabulary acquisition, grammatical accuracy, and the ability to express oneself clearly, while also considering any impact on pronunciation, and 3) to compare the speaking development between first-year and second-year students.
Methodology: The research participants were first-year (n=19) and second-year (n=25) BA-English major students of Nakhon Phanom University, Thailand, utilizing cluster random sampling. The information gap method was implemented during a language course, and its impact was assessed through pre-tests and post-tests focusing on speaking skills.
Results: The research found that 1) the Information Gap Method positively and significantly impacted the student’s English-speaking proficiency as both year groups demonstrated significant improvement. First-year students' average scores increased by 61.51% (from 14.16 to 23.58), while second-year students showed a 48.83% improvement (from 15.75 to 23.44). The paired-sample analyses confirmed statistically significant differences (p < .001) for both groups. 2) Furthermore, information gap activities demonstrated a notably greater positive impact on students' ability to express themselves clearly (21%) and fluency (19.2%) as shown by the scores of both first and second years. While other categories also showed improvement, these two areas exhibited the most significant gains. 3) These results indicated that information gap activities may be particularly effective in accelerating the development of speaking proficiency for first-year students as evidenced by their greater percentage improvement between the pre-test and post-test compared to the higher-scoring second-year students.
Conclusion: These findings proved that the information gap method can be valuable for developing English-speaking skills among BA English major students. The study suggested its potential for wider implementation in language education programs targeting speaking proficiency.
An Analysis of Thai Undergraduate Student’s Needs in English for Secretaries and Office Class
Authors: Pletikosa Jiraporn
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: A needs analysis must be carried out to develop instructional materials and classroom activities that effectively meet the needs of the students. This analysis demonstrates how crucial it is to build syllabuses based on impartial evaluations of students' needs because, in the absence of such assessments, course materials might not be able to ensure that students successfully master the material. Thus, this study aims to analyze the needs of students in learning English for Secretaries. This study aimed to identify the target needs and determine the learning needs of Thai undergraduate students in English for Secretaries class from a government university in Thailand.
Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 24 third-year students from the Business English major who enrolled in English for Secretaries and Office class. In this research study, the mixed-method approach was used to analyze data on the learners’ target needs and learning needs. The questionnaire data were collected and analyzed using percentages and frequencies, as well as arithmetic means and standard deviations. The data from open-ended questions were qualitatively analyzed with interpretations.
Results: The results regarding students’ target needs revealed that most participants were at a basic level of English language proficiency. They targeted improving grammar rules and needed to expand their vocabulary knowledge more than other skills. Additionally, the findings on students' learning needs indicated a preference for classroom activities like brainstorming, practicing, and developing skills required to learn vocabulary. The preferences for the teacher’s role were both a facilitator and a controller.
Conclusion: Students with a basic level of English language proficiency mainly focus on improving grammar and vocabulary. They prefer certain classroom activities that are applicable in the secretary field and the teacher's role as a guide in their learning.
Mobile Learning Application Integration in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom to Improve College Students’ Learning Outcomes
Authors: Xia Shan , Phongsatha Thanawan
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: Mobile Learning Application seems to facilitate the learning process by allowing teachers and students to have more interaction regardless of time and space, thus creating a broader field for the scope of learning. This research explored whether mobile learning application integration in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom helped improve college students’ learning outcomes and further analyzed the psychological factors that worked with mobile applications to influence learning outcomes. The purpose of carrying out the research is to help vocational college students develop better English learning outcomes, this research also aims to explore whether the technology integration of mobile learning applications can effectively improve college students’ learning outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A quasi-experiment was carried out with 224 college students and a survey followed. The findings revealed that MosoTeach as the mobile learning application, improved college students’ learning outcomes in terms of vocabulary& grammar scores, reading scores, and writing scores. Also, the survey with the 224 students revealed that system use together with student self-efficacy, behavior engagement, and social engagement positively influenced the learning outcomes. The aforementioned factors explained 80.0% of the variance in students’ progress.
Results: Although the research result showed that cognitive engagement and affective engagement did not present a significant role in learning outcome improvement, students made progress with the use of MosoTeach. The result affirms that mobile learning application breeds an interactive learning environment, where students learn through both direct experience and observation.
Conclusion: Mobile Learning Application effectively improves college students’ English as a Foreign Language performance.
Integrate UiPath into Robotic Process Automation in Accounting Course Teaching
Authors: Xinna Liang , Li Changhan
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: The study aims to investigate impacting factors of behavioral intention of accounting students in using RPA as a burgeoning technology and selecting UiPath as the preferred tool in accounting course. This study also combines the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) in an attempt to assess students' perceptions of learning with UiPath in the context of using these three models. Testify that perceived behavioral control and attitude play a significant role in behavioral intention to use.
Materials and Method: In this study, a total of 470 junior students in three accounting majors at a private university in Zhanjiang (Guangdong province, China) participated in the study. The research utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) for hypothesis testing.
Results: The study results show that perceived behavioral control and social influence had a more significant impact on behavioral intention to use, and provide relevant information for students majoring in accounting to implement RPA by using UiPath. This research progress is discussed effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and attitude, self-efficacy had a stronger significant impact on perceived behavioral control.
Conclusion: The influence of perceived behavioral control on behavioral intention to use highlights the significance of self-efficacy and facilitating conditions in enabling students to utilize UiPath. Another element impacting students' behavioral intentions toward UiPath is social influence, with a p-value below 0.05. The platform's adoption and acceptance have been greatly aided by the backing and impact of colleagues, advisors, and the broader scholarly circle. Collectively, these findings enhance our comprehension of the intricate factors affecting students' views and actions regarding financial numeration.
An Investigation on Influencing Factors of College Students’ Use Behavioral of Chaoxing Learning Platform
Authors: Li Min , Zhu Lu
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: At present, the school where the researcher works has spent a lot of humans, material, and financial resources to guide teachers and students to use the Chaoxing learning platform. The purpose of this article is to analyze the factors that affect students' use of the platform. Including connected classroom climate (CCC), performance expectancy (PE), social influence (SI), effort expectancy (EE), facilitating conditions (FC), behavioral intention (BI), and use behavioral (UB), and the relationship between these factors, such as PE and BI, SI and BI, FC and BI, CCC and PE, PE and SI, BI and UB. This research is a quantitative study. Data were collected by questionnaire, and through stratified sampling, a total of 500 students from three different majors at Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology of China were investigated. The results of the study are as follows: There is a significant relationship between these influencing factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which each variable affected the Chaoxing learning platform.
Materials and Methods: In this paper, a total of 486 data were collected through questionnaires, and data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Model.
Results: The results of the data analysis show that there are significant effects among the variables, and all hypotheses are verified. Among them, behavioral intention has the greatest impact on the use of behavior. It shows that behavioral intention is the key factor that directly drives individual behavior. At the same time, it also shows that these variables have a significant impact on students' use of the platform.
Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of behavioral willingness in students' use of the Chaoxing learning platform and suggests that enhancing the convenience of platform use may require more attention and support.
Field Efficacy of Different Botanical Protectants against spotted Pod Borer, M. vitrata (Geyer) on Green gram, Vigna radiata
Authors: Kumari Sonu , Singh Balbir , Chauhan Vikas , Kumar Rakesh
Published: January 2025

The current study was aimed to study the bio efficacy of botanical protectants against spotted pod borer, M. vitrata in green gram. The field experiments were carried out at CCSHAU, Regional Research station, Bawal, during kharif 2020 and 2021. Considering the significance of eco-friendly pest management, the objective of this study was to test some botanical protectants against spotted pod borer, M. vitrata in green gram. The experimental results revealed that the treatment azadirachtin (0.03%) was found most effective protectants resulted in lowest per cent pod damage (12.94%) followed by neem oil @ 20 ml/l (14.07%) and neem seed kernel extract @ 50 ml/l (14.11%). The least effective treatment against pod damage was eucalyptus leaf extract (18.59%) after control followed by chilli solution (17.68%) and onion extract (17.53%) which were at par with each other. From these findings, it was concluded that among the botanical protectants azadirachtin, neem oil and neem seed kernel extract was the most effective may be incorporated in the pest management strategies against the spotted pod borer of green gram.
Response of Papilio clytia & Euploea core to Environmental Variables: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Hazarika Hirumoni , Dasgupta Sabyasachi
Published: January 2025

Butterflies are susceptible to inordinately warm environments which influence their developmental stages. Moderate temperature increases egg production, survival of eggs, and larval length along with many morphological changes in adult butterflies. However, global temperature increase has negative consequences on overall larval growth. Increased temperature is one of the reasons for the vulnerability of larvae to different diseases and several infections. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of environmental variables like temperature, humidity & precipitation on the developmental stages of larvae Papilio clytia & Euploea core in varying environmental variables. Results have suggested that Papilio clytia & Euploea core developed faster in warm temperature. Gradual warming, humidity, and precipitation affect the number of developmental days during the pre-adult growth period. These extreme variations disrupt normal metabolic activities and species may be unable to endure harsh environments. More research on the effects of environmental variables is needed to provide insight into the butterflies’ response to global climate change for better population management in Tripura.
El saxofón-flamenco en la educación musical de España: generación de un contexto educativo para la inclusión de la música popular
Authors: Estévez García Óscar
Published: January 2025

The study of flamenco in Spanish musical institutions is scarce. In the case of conservatories, this situation is aggravated by the non-inclusion of the subject in the curriculum in most centers, as well as the lack of a specialist teaching profile that can transmit the appropriate knowledge. The saxophone, as a woodwind instrument, offers an educational opportunity to work on the palos, rhythm and harmony of flamenco, enriching the student's musical education and knowledge of popular music. The objective of the research is to know the educational possibilities of the flamenco-saxophone and its implementation in the Spanish educational system. Qualitative methodology is used using interviews with a group of experts as an instrument to extract a trend content analysis, and the extraction of quantitative data from a questionnaire. It is concluded that the diversification of teaching and the change in the study method allow the saxophonist to generate knowledge for the teaching-learning process of flamenco.

El estudio del flamenco en las instituciones musicales españolas es escaso. En el caso de los conservatorios se agrava esta situación por la no inclusión de la asignatura en el currículo en la mayoría de los centros, así como la falta de un perfil docente especialista que pueda transmitir los conocimientos oportunos. El saxofón, como instrumento de viento-madera, ofrece una oportunidad educativa para trabajar los palos, rítmica y armonía del flamenco enriqueciendo la educación musical y el conocimiento de la música popular del estudiante. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer las posibilidades educativas del saxofón-flamenco y su implementación en el sistema educativo español. Se emplea la metodología cualitativa utilizando la entrevista a un grupo de expertos como instrumento para extraer una tendencia, análisis de contenido y la extracción de datos cuantitativos de un cuestionario. Se concluye que, la diversificación de la enseñanza y el cambio del método de estudio permiten al saxofonista generar saber para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del flamenco.
La cartagenera o taranta-cartagenera: una adaptación para quinteto de cuerdas
Authors: Blanco Corbalán Francisco José
Published: January 2025

This article focuses on the cartagenera or taranta-cartagenera, one of the basic styles of the of the cantes minero-levantinos (mining-levantine singings). Based on a recording made by the cantaor Antonio Piñana for Televisión Española, we have proposed to carry out an adaptation for string quintet. Previously, we talked about the origins of the cartagenera, its denominations and its characteristic features. After reflecting on how to bring flamenco to the pentagram, we present our transcription of the aforementioned cante, from which we will describe some of the most outstanding musical elements, as well as explaining certain decisions that, from a rhythmic and melodic point of view, we have had to adopt. This transcription has been the basis for our adaptation of the cartagenera for string quintet, in which we have tried to contribute our most creative side, without distorting, however, the original essence of the cante.

Este artículo se centra en la cartagenera o taranta-cartagenera, uno de los estilos básicos de la familia de los cantes minero-levantinos. Partiendo de una grabación realizada por el cantaor Antonio Piñana para Televisión Española, nos hemos propuesto llevar a cabo una adaptación para quinteto de cuerdas. Previamente, hablamos de los orígenes de la cartagenera, de sus denominaciones y de sus rasgos característicos. Tras reflexionar sobre cómo llevar el flamenco al pentagrama, presentamos nuestra transcripción del cante mencionado, a partir de la cual desgranamos algunos de los elementos musicales más destacables, además de explicar ciertas decisiones, que, desde el punto de vista rítmico y melódico, hemos tenido que adoptar. Dicha transcripción ha sido la base para realizar nuestra adaptación de la cartagenera para quintento de cuerdas, en la que hemos tratado de aportar nuestro lado más creativo, sin desvirtuar, no obstante, la esencia original del cante.
Evaluasi Kinerja Media Sosial Instgram Dalam Menyebarkan Informasi Studi Kasus : Akun Instagram Universitas Amikom Purwokerto
Authors: Lailatur Rochmah  , Kusumas Astri Anggraeni  , Farah Fadhilah  , Ririt Farihatul Kamilah  , Ito Setiawan
Published: January 2025

Information technology has changed the way educational institutions interact. Instagram, one of the visual-based social media platforms, has become a strategically used platform to create image, increase interaction, and disseminate information. Instagram is a tool used by Amikom Purwokerto University to disseminate information, both academic and non-academic, to students and the general public. However, problems such as unattractive format, inconsistent accuracy, and suboptimal delivery speed have been faced by the campus. The End-User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) method was used in this study to evaluate the performance of Amikom Purwokerto University's Instagram account. Content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness are the five dimensions used to assess. The results showed an overall good level of satisfaction; the content dimension had the highest mean score (3.86), while the timeliness dimension had the lowest mean score (3.46).In this study, the researchers found that social media account managers at Amikom Purwokerto University can use strategic recommendations to improve the effectiveness of information dissemination. The findings can also be used as a reference for other educational institutions to use social media as a more interactive and responsive communication tool.
Optimizing Distributed Management in Cloud Computing Operating Systems
Authors: Silvi Fara Dita  , Tatia Deswita Anggraeni  , Elkin Rilvani
Published: January 2025

Pengembangan sistem operasi pada platform terdistribusi, terutama dalam konteks Cloud Computing, memainkan peran penting dalam mengelola sumber daya komputasi secara efisien. Manajemen terdistribusi mengacu pada penggunaan terintegrasi dari berbagai komponen di berbagai lokasi, menghadirkan tantangan yang signifikan dalam mengelola dan memantau sumber daya yang tersebar. Komputasi awan menawarkan solusi infrastruktur fleksibel yang memungkinkan pengguna mengakses sumber daya komputasi tanpa memerlukan manajemen infrastruktur fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan manajemen terdistribusi dalam sistem operasi komputasi awan dengan memanfaatkan algoritma pembelajaran mesin untuk meningkatkan efisiensi alokasi sumber daya dan meningkatkan keamanan data. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode observasi sistematis dan tinjauan pustaka. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan algoritme prediktif di lingkungan cloud secara signifikan mengurangi waktu respons dibandingkan dengan metode manual dan memperkuat perlindungan data melalui deteksi intrusi yang ditingkatkan. Selain itu, sistem berbasis pembelajaran mesin memungkinkan skalabilitas yang lebih baik dan adaptasi yang lebih cepat terhadap permintaan sumber daya dinamis tanpa waktu henti sistem. Makalah ini menyumbangkan wawasan berharga dalam mengoptimalkan kinerja komputasi awan melalui manajemen sumber daya terdistribusi yang ditingkatkan.
Perancangan E-Commerce Toko Kerupuk Udang Manda menggunakan Framework Laravel
Authors: Muhammad Aprizal  , Sepriano Sepriano  , Albet Triadi
Published: January 2025

E-commerce is all activities selling goods and services carried out through electronic media. Shrimp Cracker Shop, is a business that operates in the field of selling typical souvenirs. Currently, sales of goods are still carried out manually, namely by buyers coming directly to the shop or by purchasing by telephone. This type of research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. This research provides an accurate description and explanation of the conditions or symptoms faced. The materials used in this research are data obtained from the results of interviews and later the results of the interviews can find out what needs are needed to build a website. System Design Methods in Designing a The system definitely requires modeling so that the results of the system design that you want to achieve can obtain maximum results. What the author uses is Unified Modeling Langue (UML). Which consists of use case diagrams, class diagrams, and activity diagrams. In this research the author uses the Rapid Application Development system development method. The software development method in this research uses the Rapid Application Development (RAD) model system development method. After the design is carried out, the researcher draws conclusions namely the e-commerce design of the Manda Shrimp Cracker Shop was successfully created to help promotion and sales. The results of testing the Blackbox Testing software system were declared successful, and the feasibility test using a Likert scale resulted in a score of 93% (very feasible). Overall, the results were successful and in accordance with what was designed.
Strategic Modeling for Future Agriculture in Asia
Authors: Cenacchi Nicola , Sulser Timothy B
Published: January 2025

This APO report pinpoints the declining agricultural productivity situation in APO economies since 2019 and explores how key measures could accelerate progress achieving food security and mitigating undernourishment by improving calorie availability per person.
Key challenges include slowed agricultural productivity, climate change, land degradation, insufficient R&D investment, water scarcity, and inefficiencies in markets.
The report examines measures such as policy interventions and investments in R&D, irrigation, and water use efficiency to enhance productivity, food security, and sustainable resource use. Such measures could accelerate progress toward achieving food security and mitigating undernourishment by improving calorie availability per person.
Visual and Symbolic Elements of the Sema Ceremony in Graphic Design, with a Focus on Rumi's Sema
Authors: Sanei Elham
Published: January 2025

In the contemporary era, where visual arts have expanded significantly, words have largely given way to visual art, and sometimes to a phrase or a word in an artistic or literary work that serves as a symbol or sign. Artists, especially poets, illustrators, and graphic designers, have a specific goal and correct path in using these elements. Therefore, to understand and analyze the artist's intention, it is necessary to recognize their visual logic and language. In art that deals with spiritual meanings, semiotics gains more importance, which can be found in the poetry of Rumi. The choice of Samaa in this research is significant because it is primarily performed with specific movements and costumes, each of which has its unique semiotic meaning. The rhythmic movements and coordinated actions ultimately unite the dancer with the creator and the entire cosmic system, symbolizing unity and oneness. The aim of this research on Samaa is to identify the symbols and the relationship between visual elements that create a connection between form, space, and letters in environmental graphics. In addition to analyzing Rumi's poems, this research also depicts the movements of Samaa in combination with calligraphy and environmental graphics. To achieve these goals, the study was conducted based on library resources, and visual works, including visual arts and architecture, were studied during the research. The nature of the research is descriptive-analytical and applied. The primary purpose of conducting such research was the author's interest in Rumi and Samaa, and secondly, to discover the connection between the visual elements that constitute it with environmental graphics. The resulting outcome is a collection of stages of the dervishes' Samaa, followed by a semiotic approach and environmental graphics, creating visual works and introducing them to contemporary society.
Public International Law and the Islamic Foundations for Engaging with It
Authors: Odeh Eman Azmi Mustafa
Published: January 2025

This research explores Public International Law as a primary tool for regulating relations between states and achieving justice and peace. It examines the evolution, principles, and objectives of international law, highlighting the challenges of its practical implementation, especially during global crises such as those in Gaza and Ukraine. These crises reveal the contradictions between the theoretical principles of international law, such as justice and equality, and its practical application, which is often influenced by political interests and double standards. The study also addresses the balance Public International Law seeks to achieve between idealism, grounded in justice and human rights, and realism, driven by political and economic interests. Additionally, the research highlights the Islamic foundations for engaging with international law, presenting Sharia as a stable ethical framework rooted in justice, peace, and universal human values. It emphasizes that achieving justice and peace requires strong ethical and practical frameworks.
Research on the Historical and Humanistic Values of Urban Ancient Trees and Environmental Evaluation
Authors: Zhou Wei
Published: January 2025

The monograph examines the historical, humanistic and ecological aspects of ancient urban trees, emphasizing their role as living monuments and ecological energy sources in the urban environment. The historical significance of these trees is examined, tracing their origin and their relationship to urban development and cultural heritage. The humanistic values of ancient trees are analyzed, emphasizing their cultural, spiritual and educational contribution to the development of urban societies. In addition, the study assesses the environmental impact of ancient trees, emphasizing their ecological functions, including biodiversity support, climate regulation and carbon sequestration. Combining historical documents with dendrochronology, this monograph provides a comprehensive understanding of the significance of ancient urban trees and their conservation needs. It synthesizes perspectives from urban ecology, cultural studies, and environmental science to suggest strategies for preserving these natural monuments. This work is a valuable resource for scientists, urban planners and conservationists, offering perspectives on sustainable urban development and the integration of natural heritage into modern cities.

Wei Zhou, born in April 1987, is an assistant research fellow and currently a full-time teacher at the School of Art and Design in Guilin University of Electronic Technology in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. He obtained his PhD from College of Landscape Architecture and Art in Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, with research interests in landscape plant planning, ornamental plant design, and landscape ecology. In the past five years, he chaired one provincial-level project, one municipal-level project, and two university-level projects. Besides, he participated in two provincial-level projects and several municipal-level projects. He is the author of the number of scientific articles published in the scientific peer-reviewed journals.
THE USE OF ANIMATION MEDIA FOR SCIENCE LEARNING IN GROUP B CHILDREN AT RA CAHAYA INSANI
Authors: Afsoh Irza Pradita , Akhtim Wahyuni
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to describe the application of animation media in science learning and evaluate its effects on the understanding and interest of group B children at RA Cahaya Insani. The focus is on how animation media facilitates comprehension and fosters enthusiasm for learning abstract concepts. Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, utilizing observations, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. This method allowed for an in-depth exploration of the interactions between children, teachers, and the animation media. Results: The findings indicate that animation media significantly improves children's grasp of abstract concepts, such as the water cycle, by providing engaging and clear visualizations. Children exhibited increased enthusiasm and active participation in class activities. Teachers found that animation media eased the delivery of complex materials while encouraging critical thinking among students. Despite technical challenges like limited device availability, these were effectively addressed through meticulous planning and creative strategies by teachers. Novelty: This study highlights the innovative use of animation media in early childhood education, emphasizing its potential to enhance both cognitive and social development. It underscores the role of technology in creating effective and enjoyable science learning experiences, suggesting its broader application for diverse science topics in the future.
THE ROLE OF THE PRINCIPAL AS A ROLE MODEL IN DEVELOPING EDUCATOR AND EDUCATIONAL STAFF HUMAN RESOURCES
Authors: Chasbullah Wahib , Rindaningsih Ida
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study investigates the strategic role of school principals in enhancing the competence and professionalism of educators and educational staff. It focuses on their role in managing infrastructure, providing continuous training, and optimizing technology to address evolving educational challenges. Methods: Using a literature review approach, this research identifies and examines key issues faced by school principals, including budget constraints, underutilization of technology, and the absence of systematic training programs. Results: The findings reveal that principals with transformational leadership styles significantly contribute to creating a positive, collaborative, and innovative work culture. Effective principals act as agents of change, improving the quality of learning and facilitating the integration of modern technological advancements into education systems. Novelty: This research underscores the pivotal role of school principals as transformational leaders and their potential to drive educational institutions toward a progressive future. It provides actionable recommendations for developing managerial and leadership strategies tailored to meet future educational demands.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE, FIRM SIZE, AND EFFECTIVE TAX RATE ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF AUTOMOTIVE SUBSECTOR COMPANIES
Authors: Nurasik  , Ningdiyah Endra Wahyu , Abidin Fitiyan Izzah Noor
Published: January 2025

General Background: Financial performance is a crucial indicator of a company's success and sustainability, particularly in competitive industries such as the automotive subsector. Various factors, including capital structure, firm size, and effective tax rate, are considered significant determinants of financial performance. Specific Background: In the context of the automotive subsector, these factors have garnered considerable attention due to the industry's capital-intensive nature and its exposure to dynamic market conditions. However, existing research often overlooks the combined impact of these variables within this specific sector. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies have comprehensively examined the influence of capital structure, firm size, and effective tax rate on the financial performance of automotive subsector companies, particularly during the period 2020-2023, characterized by global economic uncertainty. Aims: This study aims to analyze the effects of capital structure, firm size, and effective tax rate on the financial performance of automotive subsector companies in Indonesia. Results: Using a quantitative approach and multiple linear regression analysis on data from 12 purposively sampled companies during the 2020-2023 period, the findings reveal that all three variables—capital structure, firm size, and effective tax rate—significantly influence financial performance. Novelty: The study provides fresh insights into the interrelation of these financial determinants within the automotive subsector, highlighting their unique impact during a period of global economic flux. Implications: These findings offer valuable implications for corporate management and policymakers in designing strategies to enhance financial performance, emphasizing the need for optimal capital structuring, scaling strategies, and effective tax planning. Further research could explore longitudinal impacts and sectoral comparisons to deepen understanding of these dynamics.
DOES EXPERIENTIAL DIGITAL STORYTELLING HELP PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS LEARN DIGITAL LITERACIES IN INDONESIA?
Authors: Zulikhatin Nuroh Ermawati , Liansari Vevy
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to document the practices of preservice English teachers (PSETs) in integrating digital storytelling (DST) during their teaching practicum. It seeks to identify challenges, opportunities, and the pedagogical knowledge required to utilize DST effectively in English language teaching. Method: The study involved three preservice English teachers who implemented DST projects in three public secondary schools in Indonesia. Data collection was conducted through observation and interviews. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis to explore technical, pedagogical, and practical aspects of DST integration.  Results:  The findings highlight three key areas: (1) Technical challenges associated with software design and use, (2) Opportunities and challenges in utilizing DST as a teaching partner, (3) The pedagogical content knowledge necessary for effective DST integration. The results suggest that equipping preservice teachers with DST knowledge and providing scaffolding can enhance the effectiveness of teaching practices. Novelty: This study contributes to the limited body of research on integrating DST in English language teaching in the Indonesian context. It emphasizes the need for further studies to evaluate the impact of English teacher education on learning outcomes and recommends developing educational programs that focus on DST.
MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE QUR'AN AND HADITH IN THE MODERN ERA
Authors: Nuryanti  , Fauji Imam
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to analyze the principles of organizing management from the perspective of the Qur'an and hadith and its relevance in the modern era. The research explores how Islamic teachings provide a framework for effective organizational management that aligns with contemporary demands. Method: Using a qualitative approach, the study employs a literature review method, collecting and analyzing data from 15 relevant articles. The data are processed through problem formulation, comparative analysis, and synthesis to draw conclusions. Results: The findings reveal that the concepts of organizing management outlined in the Qur'an and hadith emphasize values such as trust (amanah), consultation (shura), justice (‘adl), and accountability (muhasabah). These principles demonstrate high relevance when applied to modern organizational systems, providing a robust foundation for fostering collaboration, efficiency, and ethical practices in organizational development. Novelty: This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by bridging classical Islamic principles with modern management practices, highlighting the applicability and timelessness of Qur'anic and prophetic teachings in addressing contemporary organizational challenges.
EMPOWERMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION TEACHERS THROUGH TRAINING IN THE USE OF CANVA FOR CREATING TEACHING MEDIA
Authors: Iffatur Rocmah Luluk , Rindaningsih Ida , Ratna Indra Astutik Ika , Zahrotun Nisa’ Gitsa
Published: January 2025

Objective: To enhance teachers' creativity in creating poster-based learning media by training them to use the Canva application, focusing on the flipped classroom method. Method: The training was conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo on August 21, 2024, targeting IGABA teachers. Following the training, a mentoring program ran from August 22 to 27, 2024, to assist teachers in designing poster media. Evaluation encompassed three aspects: material usefulness, flipped classroom implementation, and creativity in design.  Results:  The training significantly improved teachers' understanding and skills in utilizing Canva for learning media. Participants demonstrated enhanced creativity and innovation, contributing to improved learning quality and increased student motivation. Novelty: This initiative integrates Canva application training with the flipped classroom approach to foster creativity among early childhood education teachers, addressing the need for innovative teaching strategies in the digital era.
Prévention de l’anxiété péri-opératoire : Apport de la distraction audiovisuelle
Authors: Haddad Faten , Rais Sirine , Arfaoui Hajer , Kammoun Emna , Naimi Skander , Mebazaa M'hamed Sami
Published: January 2025

Introduction : La distraction audiovisuelle (DAV) constitue un des moyens non pharmacologiques de la prévention de l’anxiété. Cependant, peu d’études ont évalué son effet en périopératoire chez l’adulte.
Objectif : Évaluer l'apport de la DAV dans la prévention de l'anxiété périopératoire des patients adultes proposés pour une chirurgie sous rachianesthésie.
Méthodes : Étude prospective randomisée contrôlée effectuée sur une période de 3 mois à dater du 1er juillet 2021. Nous avons inclus les patients adultes classés ASA I à III, proposés pour chirurgie viscérale ou orthopédique sous rachianesthésie. 90 patients étaient randomisés en deux groupes : un groupe témoin T et un groupe A ayant eu une DAV tout au long de l'acte opératoire. Le critère de jugement principal était l’anxiété évaluée par l’échelle visuelle analogique (EVA).
Résultats : Les caractéristiques démographiques, le score d’anxiété (Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale) ainsi que le niveau de douleur en préopératoire étaient comparables. Au cours de l'acte, 22 (48,9%) patients du groupe T versus 3 (6,7%) patients du groupe A ont nécessité le recours au midazolam (p < 0,001). L’anxiété ainsi que la douleur en fin d’acte évaluées selon l’EVA étaient moins élevées dans le groupe A (p < 0,001 et p = 0,004 respectivement). Un score de satisfaction (Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale version française) ≥ 5,4 était plus fréquemment observé dans le groupe A (p < 0,001).
Conclusion : La DAV permettait de réduire l’anxiété périopératoire ainsi que de diminuer le recours...(résumé tronqué à 250 mots).
Challenges and Implications of Military Attacks on Hospitals: A Critical Analysis of International Legal Standards and the Pursuit of Accountability
Authors: Gaddas Meriem , Ben Saad Helmi
Published: January 2025

not applicable, this is an editorial
Predictive factors of persistent/recurrent pediatric obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome after adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Msaad Sameh , Khemakhem Rim , Abdelmouleh Dorra
Published: January 2025

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FABLAB SPECTROMETER WITH ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
Authors: Karamehmedović Emir
Published: January 2025

This paper describes the design of a 3D printed spectrometer for the visible and near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum of light. The device has a resolution of about 2 nm and forms only one part of the whole, which still consists of a suitable light source, sample container or cuvette, and accompanying optical cables. The spectrum of light is displayed on a computer in an application developed specifically to demonstrate the work of this instrument. The spectrometer is low-budget, and it is adequate as a
teaching aid in schools or for simpler projects, aimed at obtaining information about the spectrum of light in a fast and simple way.
The Effect of Encapsulator Machine Speed ​​on Composite Microcapsule Size
Authors: Insyira Athalla Rania , Athari Hafizha Nur , Sukardi Purnama , Wijaya Rudy
Published: January 2025

Microcapsules are small round particles with uniform walls or layers around them that generally have a diameter from 0.2 to 5000 µm. Microencapsulation is a process that converts solid or liquid materials into capsule form which aims to protect and maintain active ingredients from environmental influences such as humidity, high temperature, light exposure, or oxidation processes. Microcapsule formation can be done using the crosslink method. Microcapsule size is affected by the stirring speed of the encapsulator machine. During microencapsulation of fish meal with eggs and gelatin using the crosslink method, the stirring speed is 3000 rpm, 3500 rpm, 4000 rpm, 4500 rpm, and 5000 rpm. In the microencapsulation process of fish meal with eggs and gelatin, the smallest average diameter at a speed of 5000 rpm, which is 18.220 ± 3.3 µm and has a yield of 26% while the largest diameter at a speed of 3000 rpm, which is 33.53 ± 4.8 µm and has a yield of 28.4%. Based on the results of the Tukey SPSS test, the speeds of 3000 rpm (33.53 ± 4.8 µm), 3500 rpm (30.25 ± 4.4 µm), 4000 rpm (26.30 ± 3.5 µm), 4500 rpm (22.50 ± 4.1 µm), and 5000 rpm (18.220 ± 3.3 µm) were very significantly different (P <0.05) in each treatment.