bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern Aspects of Probiotic Microorganisms’ Microencapsulation
Authors:   National University of Food Technologies, Starovoitova S.O. , Kishko K.M. ,   Uzhhorod National University, Bila V.V. ,   Kyiv Perinatal Center, Demchenko O.M. ,   Kyiv Perinatal Center, Spivak M.Ya. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine
Published: February 2023

Numerous studies in recent years have shown that the gut microbiome plays an important role in maintaining various physiological processes in the body, including digestion, metabolism, immune system function, defense against pathogens, biosynthesis of unique metabolites, elimination of toxins, and regulation of the function of the gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota is influenced by the way of birth, child’s feeding, genetic background, and lifestyle, including diet, exercises, medication, stress, and general host’s health. Intestinal microbial populations can vary significantly from person to person, including healthy individuals. Unfavorable changes in the microbial composition and in its functions are characteristic of dysbiosis and indicate pathological disorders in the body. The introduction of pro-, pre-, synbiotics and their other derivatives into the body, as well as transplantation of fecal microbiota, can restore the disturbed microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). There is now a growing interest in functional innovative foods as ideal carriers for probiotics. However, many commercial probiotic products are ineffective because the beneficial bacteria they contain do not survive food processing, storage, and passage through the upper GIT. Th erefore, modern effective strategies are needed to improve the stability of probiotic microorganisms. One of the such strategies is a modern microencapsulation method. Using this technology in the manufacture of functional foods allows maintaining the stability of probiotic microorganisms during storage, protects them from the aggressive conditions of the GIT, and promotes their colonization on the mucous membrane of the large intestine. To achieve better protection and controlled release of probiotics, alginate microgels are most widely used as microcapsule shells.
Modern Interdisciplinary Studies of Hungarian-Ukrainian Borderland
Authors:   M. Rylskyi Institute of Art Studies, Folkloristics and Ethnology, Mushketyk Lesia
Published: February 2023

This article is based on a review and analysis of research on various aspects of Ukrainian-Hungarian contacts, especially included in the collective monograph of the Ivan Krypiakevych Academic Institute of Ukrainian Studies, who carries them out within one of the areas of its activity, namely – determining the identity of Ukrainians through their ties with other countries, cultures, national communities. The subject of analysis in the book Hungarian-Ukrainian Borderland: Ethno-Political, Linguistic and Religious Criteria of Self-Identification of the Population (2020) is formed with a number of current both historical and contemporary problems and issues in this field with a fairly wide range of topics – historical, political, linguistic, ethnographic, socio-cultural, religious, educational and etc., mostly in connection with Transcarpathia, where a large Hungarian minority lives. The project has involved specialists from all over Ukraine and partly from Hungary, of course, from the Institute itself, other institutions in Lviv, as well as Ivano-Frankivsk, Budapest, Kyiv, Uzhhorod, Berehove and others. The book consists of an introduction and four major parts: “Hungarian-Ukrainian Border: Formation, Features, Transformations”, “Hungarian-Ukrainian Borderland in Historical Retrospective Review”, “Self-Identification of the Population of the Hungarian-Ukrainian Frontier” and “Modern Political, Cultural and Educational Problems of the Borderland”. The studies, submitted in each of the chapters are valuable for the latest interpretation of the problems, filling the existing information gaps, use of the latest methods of analysis, outlining new tasks and directions in the mentioned topics, etc. For her part, the authoress adds other results on these issues, her own thoughts and suggestions, believing that the revival of Ukrainian-Hungarian studies in Ukraine and Hungary is a positive trend in scientific as well as political senses.
Synthesis of Word and Image in the Religious Art
Authors:   M. Rylskyi Institute of Art Studies, Folkloristics and Ethnology, Burkovska Liubov
Published: February 2023

The problems of synthesis of religious art and literature in medieval culture are considered in the article. The nature of interactions of the artistic material and its text basis is investigated. Historical lore and the descriptions of the eyewitnesses of the Jesus Christ, the Mother of God, Apostles have been of a great significance at the early stages of icon painting images development. The period of iconography formation on the base of the evidences, memories and sacred texts has lasted till the 8th century. Gradually the icon is transformed into a peculiar sacred matrix, independent cult object, where the problem of historical similarity is replaced by reality, determined by the consent of Christian community. The necessity of comprehension with the help of faith and mind of what is reproduced by the sacred images – their spiritual, true idea – appears in the foreground. Starting from the 17th century Ukrainian masters gain knowledge of iconographic canons, technique of icon painting, theological admonitions and precepts from Herminia – a special reference book-teaching aid for the painters. The image of a certain saint, especially the physiognomic features, is described in them by words. Several descriptions of the saints’ appearance in their lifetime are also known. These are in particular the images of Saint Nicholas, kept in ancient synaxaria. According to the dogma on veneration of icons (adopted by the Second Council of Nicaea in 787), the inscription of the saint name is an integral attribute of the icon painting. It determines sameness between the image and its prototype. Inscriptions, signatures and accompanying texts are introduced consistently into ancient easel works, wall paintings and miniatures. The images of saints are applied to the faithful, showing them the opened books, unfolded scrolls. In the Old Ruthenian art the classical thematic structure of the saints’ life cycles, basing on the Byzantine hagiography, has been supplemented with plots of the actions of Kyiv recording. Sometimes in Ukrainian monuments the inscriptions are placed near the image, on the icon’s background. These are the so-called supplementary texts. The plots of the living icons have been connected with the written sources. The synthesis of written sources and artistic material is the most evident in the book miniature. Observation of convergence of the visual material and literature shows, that the experience of various arts isn’t transferred mechanically on the surface foreign for them, but is changed, transformed, adopted by art, which has perceived it and at the same time crystallizes the peculiarity of each of them.
Great Journey of Plast: from Germany to Australia
Authors:   Institute of the World History of the NAS of Ukraine, Perha Tetiana
Published: February 2023

Insufficiently known pages from the history of Plast are considered in the article. They concern to the revival of the organization in the camps for prisoners of war – DPs – in Germany after World War II and the beginning of the organization activities in Australia. It is concluded that the formation of the first Plast circles during this period has been spontaneous and taken place within the framework of active social, political, cultural, religious and economic life of Ukrainians in the DP camps. The Union of Ukrainian Plast Emigrants (UUPE) leаded by commandant Atanas Figol has been revived to direct this process to organized course. During 1945–1948 he has conducted a number of meetings important for the further development of Plast. Organizational and ideological principles of its activities analyzed in the submitted research are formed at them. It is proved that the Congress in Aschaffenburg of 1948 has become the milestone event for Plast. It has taken place as a part of celebration of the 35th anniversary of the organization creation. Taking into account the beginning of the relocation of many Ukrainians to the places of the new settlement, the Congress has been held under the slogan On a Long Journey to a Great Goal. It is found out that the main threats awaiting Ukrainians abroad in the understanding of the Plast leaders of this period are described. Attention is also paid to moral, spiritual and ideological heritage that Plast members should take in this journey; the requirements for physical development and national-patriotic education; the ideal of a young Ukrainian; ways of preservation of national and cultural space, etc. These guidelines have formed the basis for the development of Plast activities in Australia, where the first wave of Ukrainian emigrants arrive in 1948–1951. The main ways of their implementation, as well as the challenges faced by Ukrainians on the new continent territory are revealed. The names of the first Plast members in Australia, data on their number, location of circles, artistic groups in which they participate, are introduces into scientific circulation in the research.
National Inventivity and Its Significance in the Ukrainian Identity Formation
Authors:   M. Rylskyi Institute of Art Studies, Folkloristics and Ethnology, Diedush Oleksii
Published: February 2023

The phenomenon of national inventivity is considered in the article. It is a complex of ideas and technological inventions that prove historical uniqueness or temporal innovation of Ukrainian nation among other national communities. The national inventivity demonstrates obviously national achievements of a certain nation and it stands out as a powerful generator of national pride and identity. Own typology of the objects of national inventivity and the correlation of each type with its popularity and spread in the mass consciousness are submitted. Because of the symbolic potential, manipulations with this category carries significant risks for use in propaganda, as it has been in the first half of the twentieth century, and is happening now in Russian aggressive autocracy. Certain exaggerations and ambiguous interpretations of the primacy or uniqueness of Ukrainian innovative ideas and inventions still occur not only in the media and social networks, but also in scientific published works. However, in order to claim adequately the entire inventive heritage on the world stage, Ukrainian society have to describe the contribution to the ideological and technological development truthfully and clearly.
Problematic Issues of Localization-Based Development of Mechanical Engineering in Ukraine
Authors: Ishchuk S. , Sozanskyy L. , Kniaziev S.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Mechanical engineering in synthesis with IT forms the economy sector with the highest potential for creating innovations, which in the postwar recovery should become major drivers of the socio-economic development of Ukraine and ensure itsadequate competitive ability in the world market.Problem Statement. The critical state of mechanical engineering in Ukraine requires the use of effective tools to stimulate the development of production, in particular on the basis of localization. The recovery plan of Ukraine foresees the localization of at least 60%.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to substantiate proposals for stimulating the localization-based development of Ukraine’s mechanical engineering in the context of strengthening the national economic security.Material and Methods. Economic analysis; the method for the calculation of localization, the authors’ method for determining the production localization level. The cost-output datasheets for Ukraine and the OECD have been used as information base of the study.Results. The consequences of the negative effect of economic globalization on the domestic mechanical engineering enterprises in the absence of the state protectionism have been analytically established. A new methodological approach to determining the production localization level has been developed and tested. It is based on calculating the share of the domestic component in each basic segment of the sectoral cost structure. The authors’ proposals on the non-tariff stimulation of the development of Ukraine’s mechanical engineering corporations on the basis of localization, in order to defend the interests of domestic manufacturers in terms of the elimination of the consequences of the Russian aggression and the postwar recovery of Ukraine’s economy, structural transformations and increased competition in world markets have been substantiated.Conclusions. The authors’ approach to calculating the production localization level allows determining the key elements (in terms of types of economic activity) of the production cost and the weight of the domestic component in them while forming the strategic nomenclature of mechanical engineering in Ukraine.
КНИЖКОВА КУЛЬТУРА ВИДАНЬ НАН УКРАЇНИ: СПРОБА КВАЛІМЕТРИЧНОГО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ
Authors: Радченко А. , Прокопенко С.
Published: February 2023

Вступ. Щороку НАН України та її установи продукують близько тисячі назв книг, але не більше 10 % із них випускають професійні видавництва наукової літератури. Значну частину науково-видавничої продукції Академії підготовлено й видано з порушеннями видавничих і поліграфічних правил та стандартів, вона має низькі споживчі якості й інформативність.Проблематика. Комплексна система показників, яка давала б змогу кількісно оцінити видавничу продукцію з точки зору її підготовки та виготовлення, нині відсутня попри значні напрацювання у сфері книжкової культури. Наявність її надасть можливість виявити найчастіші помилки.Мета. Розробка створеної на основі кваліметричного підходу системи й методології оцінювання видавничих і поліграфічних показників видань.Матеріали й методи. Застосовано кваліметричний підхід для створення системи пов’язаних і зважених одиничних показників; математичні методи для обробки отриманих результатів. Матеріалом слугували друковані праці НАН України за 2019—2021 рр.Результати. Розроблено «дерево показників», за яким укладено анкету книжкового видання для експертного оцінювання та проаналізовано 160 видань. Такий підхід до наукових видань в Україні застосовано вперше. Виявлено, що їхній рівень загалом є «задовільним», а поліграфічні якості — значно кращими за видавничі. З’ясовано, що під час виготовлення видань науковці нехтують видавничими стандартами під час підготовки текстів, ілюстративного матеріалу та оригінал-макетів, однак оплачують професійні поліграфічні послуги.Висновки. Нова методика дає можливість кількісно охарактеризувати загальний стан виготовлення наукововидавничої продукції НАН України, засвідчивши неналежний рівень її додрукарської підготовки. Виявлення типових помилок у підготовці книг може стати основою для розроблення практичних рекомендацій для видавничих підрозділів НАН України з метою покращення якості друкованих праць без залучення значних додаткових ресурсів.
Scholarly Research and Applied Approach to the Interdependence of Manufacture and Transportation of Products Based on Intermodality and Multimodality
Authors: Laiko O. , Ilchenko S. , Maslii N. , Demianchuk M.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The integration processes of the transport system are an important factor in the economic development of Ukraine in conditions of increased competition for transit cargo flows. Therefore, it is necessary to develop multimodal transportation of products to ensure the competitiveness of Ukraine in the international transport market.Problem Statement. In the modern conditions of the development of the transport system of Ukraine, there have arisen theoretical and applied problems related to determining the most appropriate means for hybrid cargo transportation.Purpose. This study is aimed at identifying the interdependence of the sphere of manufacture and transportation of products in order to determine and justify the most efficient means of organization of intermodal and multimodal cargo transportation.Material and Methods. The review of existing scientific developments is based on systematic approach and comparative historical analysis of the transport economy, given the economic, geographical, and geopolitical position of Ukraine. The verification and falsification methods, as well as the economic and mathematical analysis and modeling have been used to substantiate the scholarly and applied approach.Results. The theoretical and practical problems of the transport economy development have been analyzed. The trends in the development of cargo transportation by various means of transport have been identified. The dependence of the products sold (goods, services) on the products transported by means of transport has been simulated. The types of activities, which require transport services and are significant for the national economy have been analyzed. The choice of the most appropriate means of transport for cargo transportation based on intermodality and multimodality, in particular rail, sea, and inland water transport, has been justified.Conclusions. The scholarly and applied approach has been proposed to identify the interdependence of manufacture, intermodal and multimodal cargo transportation of products. It can be used to increase the competitive advantages of Ukraine’s transit potential.
Development specifics of Ukrainian sociology under the Russian-Ukrainian war
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv 1, Universitetska Str, Lviv, 79000, Ukraine, Chernysh N. Yo.
Published: February 2023

The presentation (and hence the article) is based on the wills of O.O. Yakuba regarding the analysis of the development features of sociological knowledge at all three levels: general sociological theory, middle-level theories, and empirical research data. It is necessary not only to understand the structure of sociological knowledge but also the interrelationship of all components and the need for the interrelationship of theory and methods relevant to it. The article shows that the development features of sociological knowledge in Ukrainian sociology at the beginning 21st century were characterized by a violation of this organic link, disproportions in the structure of sociological knowledge. However, the search for new non-Marxist explanations at the highest level is now successfully underway as an introduction to the development of a new general theory. According to G. Ritzer’s terminology, these conditions can be evaluated as Mp, i.e. “metatheorizing-prelude”, from which Ukrainian sociology should move on to Mo conditions, i.e. the creation of an arch metatheory. At this level, modern Ukraine (a local entity) is pushed to the centre of the global, which requires a rethinking of the traditional sociological canon. At level: 2) of middle-level theories, in Russia’s ongoing large-scale aggression conditions, two theories, such as the sociology of war and the sociology of the nation, gain the most importance. The author has characterized the main features of the modern sociology of war in Ukrainian sociology, described the differences in the duel between two different social systems: democratic and authoritarian, and showed the main characteristics of the modern sociology of war, which will inevitably end with the victory of Ukraine. At level: 3) of empirical research, we currently experience the greatest success: from the beginning of the phase of the acute military confrontation till the middle of June 2022, representatives of the six leading sociological centres of the country have already carried out 35 national sociological studies of different nature; now Ukrainian sociologists actively present their results in publications and at international scientific conferences. Thus, the structure of modern sociological knowledge in Ukraine, for which Prof. O.O. Yakuba argued, remains unfinished. Still, it is possible to record significant scientific developments at the current stage at all three levels. All this makes it possible to have an optimistic view on the further development of sociology in Ukraine and on the fact that it will be able to help both in the ongoing war and in peaceful post-war reconstruction.
The value of home comfort in the structure of values of individual life activity
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 15, Volodymyr Ivasiuk Prosp., Kyiv, 04210, Ukraine, Zhuleneva O. V.
Published: February 2023

The article provides an interpretation of the value of home comfort and explores its place in the structure of factors of a person’s life, including other personal values. A conceptualisation of the individual value of home comfort is suggested based on psychological and sociological ways of understanding it. The article’s empirical part is based on the results of two online surveys. The first was conducted in March 2020 among students of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (N = 417), and the second – among residents of the Kyiv region in June and July of 2021 (N = 728). The sociological test “Individual values and interests – 13” was used as a key technique for measuring individual values. The value of home comfort is considered through the article’s material and emotional components, namely: good conditions at the place of residence (material component) and home comfort (responsible for the emotional component). Home comfort is impossible without emotional and psychological comfort, which is subjective and can manifest differently for each person, depending on their value system. For statistical analysis, the Condorcet method was used to identify the cumulative rating of values, the chi-square independence test to analyse relationships with external factors, and the Z-test for one sample was applied to explore relationships with other values. Based on these empirical studies, the value “home comfort” ranks 6th among residents of the Kyiv region (2021) and 8th among students (2020) in the structure of proposed individual values. Home comfort yields such values as physical health, interpersonal relationships, psychological comfort, personal freedom, and morality. It can be argued that the weak, positive relationship was fixed between the value of “home comfort” with the level of education, marital status, and the way of spending free time. Among other individual values, “home comfort” is positively related to the value of “interpersonal relations”, and a negative relationship is observed for such individual values as self-realisation, freedom, and morality.
Features and priorities of tourism development in Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of Enterprise and Advanced Technologies “Lviv Polytechnic” National University 18, Horbachevskoho Str., Lviv, 79044, Ukraine, Anhelko I. V. , Vaskovych I. M. ,   Institute of Enterprise and Advanced Technologies “Lviv Polytechnic” National University 18, Horbachevskoho Str., Lviv, 79044, Ukraine, Lekh H. A. ,   National Forestry University 103, Henerala Chuprynky, Lviv, 79057, Ukraine
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the role of tourism in the social and economic development of the separate regions and the country in general. It has been defined that in Ukraine, tourism’s development significantly influences different sectors of the economy, including transport, trade, connection, construction, agriculture, manufacture of consumer goods, etc. The current state of the national tourism industry has been characterised based on analysing the dynamics of tourist flows in Ukraine. It has been determined that despite the preconditions for tourism development in Ukraine, the sector is fully growing its potential not due to the country’s complicated political and economic situation. It has been established that tourist flows in Ukraine are represented by outbound, inbound, and domestic tourism, which is gradually becoming more widespread in current conditions. It has been proven that to encourage (facilitate) the development of domestic tourism in Ukraine, it is necessary to consider the set of actions which, as implemented together, would ensure the priority of domestic tourism in the context of the economic development of the country and replenishment of budgets of all levels. It has been specified that to encourage the development of domestic tourism, it is also crucial to create and ensure the efficient functioning of all required elements of the modern tourism industry, which would enable the possibility of providing excellent tourism services, as well as manufacturing and delivering consumer goods that would meet the requirements of tourists. It has been concluded that positive results of the suggested recommendations for encouraging (facilitating) the development of domestic tourism can be achieved only if implemented comprehensively and with respect to the changes in the market environment. This will allow converting the sector of tourism services into a highly profitable and competitive industry. In its turn, the transformation will guarantee the acceleration of social and economic development of not only separate regions but the country in general, contribute to the improvement in the quality of life of the population, enhance the harmonious development and consolidation of the society, and boost the promotion of Ukraine in the world.
Digest of U-Report surveys: 4th quarter of 2022 (media literacy, youth councils, benefits from volunteering)
Authors:   NGO “YouthUp” 29/6, Shota Rustaveli Str., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine, Demchuk V. S.
Published: February 2023

The results of surveys of the innovative youth project U-Report for October – December 2022 on media literacy, youth councils, benefits from volunteering.
Significance of Serum C-Reactive Protein and Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting the Diagnostic Outcomes of Renal Mass Biopsy Procedure
Authors: Colakerol Aykut , Sahin Sergen , Yazar Ramazan Omer , Temiz Mustafa Zafer , Yuruk Emrah , Kandirali Engin , Semercioz Atilla , Muslumanoglu Ahmet Yaser
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on renal mass biopsy outcomes. A total of 71 patients with suspected kidney masses who underwent renal mass biopsy procedure between January 2017 and January 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Pathological results after the procedure were obtained and pre-procedural serum CRP and NLR levels were extracted from the patients’ data. The patients were grouped into benign and malignant pathology groups according to the histopathology results. The parameters were compared between the groups. Diagnostic role of the parameters in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values was also determined. Additionally, Pearson correlation analysis, and univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses were also performed to investigate the above association with tumor diameter and pathology results, respectively. At the end of the analyses, a total of 60 patients had malignant pathology on histopathological investigations of the mass biopsy specimens, whereas the remaining 11 patients had a benign pathological diagnosis. Significantly higher CRP and NLR levels were detected in the malignant pathology group. The parameters positively correlated with the malignant mass diameter, as well. Serum CRP and NLR determined the malignant masses before the biopsy with sensitivity and specificity of 76.6 and 81.8%, and 88.3 and 45.4%, respectively. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that serum CRP level had a significant predictive value for malignant pathology (HR: 0.998, 95% CI: 0.940–0.967, P < 0.001 and HR: 0.951, 95% CI: 0.936–0.966, P < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, serum CRP and NLR levels were significantly different in patients with malignant pathology after renal mass biopsy compared to the patients with benign pathology. Serum CRP level, in particular, diagnosed malignant pathologies with acceptable sensitivity and specificity values. Additionally, it had a substantial predictive role in determining the malign masses prior the biopsy. Therefore, pre-biopsy serum CRP and NLR levels may be used to predict the diagnostic outcomes of renal mass biopsy in clinical practice. Further studies with larger cohorts can prove our findings in the future.
The Influence of Obesity and Sedentary Lifestyle on Testosterone Level and the Main Indicators of the Metabolic Status in Young Men
Authors: Osadchuk Ludmila V. , Osadchuk Alexander V.
Published: February 2023

Background. It is considered an established fact that there is an adverse trend in the male reproductive potential, which has been observed in various countries over the past decades. It is assumed that it can be formed due to the influence of individual lifestyle factors, in particular, a decrease in the level of physical activity and excessive nutrition, leading to obesity. However, the effect of obesity combined with sedentary or physically active lifestyle on the reproductive hormone level and metabolic homeostasis has not been studied well.
Aims the aim of the work was to study the effects of obesity combined with sedentary or active physical lifestyle on the level of reproductive hormones and the main indicators of metabolic status of young men.
Methods. In young male volunteers (median age 23 years, n = 295) from the general population, anthropometry was performed, which included body height and weight, waist and hip circumference, and body mass index (BMI); and they were also asked to fill out a questionnaire containing questions about individual lifestyle. In addition, serum concentrations of follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones, testosterone, estradiol, inhibin B and triglycerides, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, uric acid were evaluated.
Results. The most important lipid metabolism disorders observed in overweight and obesity included an increase in triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Overweight and obesity in men was accompanied by an increase in waist and hip circumference, a decrease in the serum level of testosterone and inhibin B reaching in obese men the testosterone values characteristic for hypogonadism. Sedentary obese men had the increased waist circumference, lower testosterone level (median 13.6 vs. 18.0 nmol/L), elevated glucose level (median 5.8 vs. 4.9 mmol/L) compared to physically active obese men or those who prefer sports or physical recreation.
Conclusions. In men, obesity negatively affects the serum level of testosterone and glucose, increases the accumulation of visceral fat, but a physically active lifestyle and sports give significant advantages to obese men, as it contributes to an increase in testosterone levels and normalization of metabolic parameters.
Systemic Inflammatory Response as a Prognostic Factor in Breast Cancer. Part II. Hematological Markers of Inflammation
Authors: Sergeeva Natalia S. , Karmakova Tatiana A. , Polyak Marianna A. , Alentov Igor I.
Published: February 2023

Chronic inflammation is one of the recognized factors contributing to the onset and progression of malignant neoplasms. At the systemic level, a chronic inflammatory process is accompanied by an increased levels of inflammatory mediators and a change in hematological parameters of peripheral blood. According to numerous clinical studies, the change in the ratio of blood cell populations in cancer patients is an independent prognostic factor in malignant tumors of various localizations. This review is devoted to hematological parameters of the systemic inflammatory response (SIR) in breast cancer (BC). The review presents the characteristics of blood cells used for calculations of hematological indices (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets); approaches for assessing SIR using these indices (NLR, PLR, LMR, etc.); comparative analysis of data on the association of the hematological indices with the clinical and morphological features of BC, patient survival and tumor response to chemotherapy. The data indicating the benefit of SIR hematological markers investigation during monitoring after treatment are summarized. Complex algorithms, including clinical, morphological and hematological factors, which are proposed to improve the quality of prognosis assessment, are considered. The information accumulated to date suggests that hematological indices reflecting SIR activity in BC patients can serve as additional independent prognostic factors. The development of the prognostic algorithms that are informative for certain clinical groups of BC patients is a promising area of research.
The First Domestic Experience of Detecting the Association of Anaerobic Bacteria Filifactor Alocis and Porphyromonas Gingivalis by Molecular Biological Methods in Periodontal Diseases and Comorbid Pathology (Comparative Research)
Authors: Yanushevich Oleg O. , Tsarev Viktor N. , Nikolaeva Elena N. , Balmasova Irina P. , Ippolitov Evgeny V. , Tsareva Tatiana V. , Podporin Mikhail S. , Ponomareva Anna G.
Published: February 2023

Background. The widespread global increase in the incidence of periodontitis and the role of its pathogens in comorbid pathology and systemic complications determines the need to create new molecular genetic systems for diagnosis and the use of metagenomic and bioinformatic analysis methods. Aims to use methods of microbiological genodiagnostics and bioinformatic analysis to prove the etiological role of the key periodontal pathogens Filifactor alocis and Porphyromonas gingivalis, characterizing the degree of progression of chronic periodontitis, and its association with a systemic pathological process (type 2 diabetes mellitus). Methods. A comparative assessment of the identification of key periodontopathogenic species P. gingivalis and F. alocis in different forms of periodontitis according to the degree of progression (84 people) using a previously patented system of primers in patients in 4 comparison groups, differing in the degree of progression. 16S sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed in 69 patients (including 38 with type 2 diabetes mellitus). All nondiabetic patients were required to have HbA1c level 6.0%. Results. A higher frequency of detection of periodontal pathogens was established in patients of group C with a pronounced tendency to progression (93 and 100% respectively). The simultaneous presence of P. gingivalis and F. alocis in chronic periodontitis of grade B was noted in 20% of cases, and in grade C in 93% of cases. Conclusions. The proposed method can be used to effectively determine the degree of periodontitis progression based on the determination of oligonucleotide primers of P. gingivalis and F. alocis, including comorbid pathology periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The History of the Global Spread of the Causative Agent of Anthrax Based on the Whole Genome Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Onishchenko Gennadii G. , Kulichenko Alexandr N. , Eremenko Evgenii I. , Pisarenko Sergey V.
Published: February 2023

The review presents current data on the history of distribution, phylogeography, population structure, features of the evolution of the causative agent of anthrax. The results of foreign publications and our own original materials on the territorial distribution of genetic lines of Bacillus anthracis, the genetic relationship of variants isolated in Russia and abroad, the ways of distribution of variants of the pathogen in Russia and neighboring countries summarized. Based on the limited possibilities of spreading anthrax infection with sick animals and the high stability of pathogen spores in the environment, the leading role of human activity in the spread of B. anthracis shown. The probable ways of spread of the pathogen over long distances described, determined by the historical migration of people, the routes of conquerors, trade routes and the import of livestock products. The spread of the causative agent of anthrax on the territory of the Russian Federation began with Eastern Siberia and through the south of Siberia reached the European part of the Russian Federation, including the North Caucasus.
A case study of Northern Cyprus: The voice of senior academic administrators on education
Authors: Irkad Ulus , Sonyel Bengi , Caner Hamit
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study reported on here was to introduce the perceptions of senior academic administrators in the Northern Cyprus Ministry of Education on the structure of the current education system as a whole. In order to carry out this case study, the views of 14 senior academic administrators were obtained through semi-structured interviews. There is no doubt that in qualitative research semi-structured interviewing is a flexible and powerful tool to capture the voices and the ways in which people make meaning of their experiences (Kvale, 2007). As Yin (2009:18) states: “An empirical inquiry about contemporary phenomena (e.g., ‘case’), set within its own real-world context – especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident.” Therefore, by reflecting on the current education system in Northern Cyprus as a case, we tried to show the real context of the education system itself. The data collected from the semi-structured interviews were analysed through content analysis. According to the findings of this research study, the current education system must be reconstructed considering the curriculum, strategies in teaching and learning approaches, developing of collaborative and student-centred classrooms, applying active learning strategies and voicing the voices of the senior academic administrators during the decision-making process.
Pre-service teachers’ experiences of schooling: Implications for preparation for inclusive education
Authors: Rusznyak Lee , Walton Elizabeth , Kenny Jacqueline
Published: February 2023

Teacher educators in South Africa face challenges of preparing new teachers for an inclusive education system that has been accepted as policy but is not yet fully realised in school contexts. Pre-service teachers entering teacher preparation programmes are themselves a product of a schooling system in which many inequalities and marginalising practices are still prevalent. In this article, we present an analysis of the extent to which pre-service teachers’ personal experiences within the schooling system influenced their perceptions about the benefits and drawbacks of 2 common organisational arrangements made for learners who experience barriers to learning. An analysis of empirical data from a questionnaire and individual interviews suggests that participants who had personally observed or experienced particular arrangements were more likely to hold fixed views about their potential benefits or drawbacks. We consider the implications of this finding for teacher education programmes that seek to produce teachers who can teach inclusively in the South African schooling system.
Service-based learning experiences of pre-service Turkish teachers: Language teaching to Syrian refugees
Authors: Biçer Nurşat , Alan Yakup
Published: February 2023

With this study we aimed at determining the service-learning experiences of pre-service Turkish language teachers in teaching Turkish to Syrian refugee students. The Community Service Practices course plays an important role in the integration of pre service teachers in the society. A phenomenological design was used in the study in which we investigated the opinions of pre service teachers about the service-learning processes. The study was conducted with 23 pre-service Turkish language teachers in Kilis 7 Aralık University. The community service practice was realised in a state school where Syrian secondary school students receive education. Interviews were conducted to collect data from the participants, and the content analysis method was used to analyse the data obtained from the interviews. Themes were formed by classifying and interpreting the data. In the study, the experiences of pre-service teachers with students, the teaching process, teaching environment, students, and service-based learning process were analysed. The results indicate that pre-service teachers developed their awareness, took social responsibility, attained occupational experience, and improved their communication with the refugees during the Community Service Practices course. Considering the results obtained it could be argued that service-learning practices have significant benefits for pre-service teachers and students.
Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) Tempeh: ACE-Inhibitory Peptide Formation during Absorption in the Small Intestine
Authors: Puspitojati Endah , Cahyanto Muhammad Nur , Marsono Yustinus , Indrati Retno
Published: February 2023

Research background. High blood pressure is the most significant cause of mortality globally. Some fermented foods include ACE-inhibitory peptides that help fight this disease. The ability of fermented jack bean (tempeh) to inhibit ACE during consumption has not been demonstrated yet. This study identified and characterised ACE-inhibitory peptides from jack bean tempeh produced by small intestine absorption using the everted intestinal sac model.
Experimental approach. Sequentially, the protein extract of jack bean tempeh and unfermented jack bean was hydrolysed using pepsin-pancreatin for 240 min. The hydrolysed samples were then evaluated for the peptide absorption using three-segmented everted intestinal sacs (duodenum, jejunum and ileum). The peptides absorbed from all intestinal segments were mixed in the small intestine.
Results and conclusions. The data showed that both jack bean tempeh and unfermented jack bean had the same peptide absorption pattern, with the highest percentage of peptide absorption in the jejunum, followed by the duodenum and ileum. The absorbed peptides of jack bean tempeh exhibited equally strong activity of ACE inhibition in all intestinal segments, while the unfermented jack bean showed strong activity only in the jejunum. The mixture of the peptides from jack bean tempeh absorbed in the small intestine had higher ACE-inhibitory activity (81.09 %) than the unfermented jack bean (72.22 %). The peptides produced from jack bean tempeh were identified as pro-drug ACE inhibitors and had the mixed inhibition pattern. The mixture of peptides consisted of seven types of peptides with a molecular mass of 826.86–978.20 Da (DLGKAPIN, GKGRFVYG, PFMRWR, DKDHAEI, LAHLYEPS, KIKHPEVK, and LLRDTCK).
Novelty and scientific contribution. This study discovered that consuming jack bean tempeh generated more potent ACE-inhibitory peptides during small intestine absorption than cooked jack beans. Absorbed tempeh peptides have high ACE-inhibitory activity.
Ruehssia magalloniae (Apocynaceae; Asclepiadoideae), una especie nueva del bosque mesófilo de montaña de la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, México
Authors: Alvarado-Cárdenas Leonardo O. , García-Mendoza Abisaí Josué , Sandoval-Gutiérrez Daniel
Published: February 2023

Background: As part of an expedition to checklist the Flora of Oaxaca, a fieldtrip was carried out in the cloud mountain forest of the ‘Sierra Norte’, during which there was a climbing plant found of the genus Ruehssia that differs of any other species in the genus.
Questions: The morphology of the corolla, the gynostegial corona and the fruit, as well as the geographical distribution are all elements that provide a basis for distinguishing between species of Ruehssia. Here we propose a new species on the grounds of the cohesive concept of species.
Studied species: Ruehssia sp. nov.
Study site and dates: Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, México; 1989-2022.
Methods: An analysis of the morphology and distribution of the populations of the species in question and related taxa was conducted using the collected specimens and herbarium material. In respect to the IUCN criteria, a vulnerability category was established for the species.
Results: The species is similar to Ruehssia rzedowskiana and R. calichicola, but there is a morphological difference regarding the corolla, the gynostegial corona, and its distribution. A morphological description of the new species is provided, in addition to images of the revised taxa, and a map of its geographical distribution and state of conservation. A key to the 18 species of Ruehssia in Oaxaca is also included.
Conclusions: Ruehssia magalloniae is recognised as a new species in science. This discovery increases the number of species of Ruehssia listed in Mexico to 39 with a 58 % of endemism.
Communicative and psychological portrait of a female leader
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Chernyavskaya Nadezhda , Usacheva Olga ,   Samara National Research University, Temnikova Natalia ,   Samara State Transport University, Metshanova Natalya ,   Samara National Research University, Filippova Elena ,   Samara State Transport University
Published: February 2023

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the specifics of the feminine management style, to describe the main features of the communicative behavior of women leaders. To achieve this goal, interviews with six female heads of transport companies were reviewed. The analysis assumed the identification of key ideas in the respondents’ statements related to the speakers’ understanding of their experience in managing the company, as well as evaluating themselves in the position of a leader. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of thematic and comparative analysis. The theoretical basis of this article consists of works on gender leadership issues by both domestic and foreign authors. Findins. Thematic analysis of empirical data allowed us to identify six key ideas that make up the semantic “framework” of respondents’ statements. These topics are “Leadership self-determination”, “Leadership and gender”, “Recipes for female leadership”, “Leadership as the ability totransform the world”, “Leadership as power over people”, “Career and personal life”. The composition of the headings and the content of these topics indicate that women managers are aware of the features of their management model. On the one hand, the female leadership style involves the use of typically male communication strategies (result orientation, rationalism, clear hierarchy in the company). On the other hand, the behavior of female leaders includes other traits, that are different from masculine: establishing emotional contact with subordinates and clients, empathy. Consequently, the specificity of the feminine management style is not only in the use of tactical and strategic thinking, but also in the use of developed emotional intelligence. A woman leader is characterized by a combination of two instruments for influencing colleagues and partners — authority and feminine charm. The value of the results. The study revealed the personal qualities of women that allow them to take leading positionsin traditionally male areas of production: an urgent need for social and professional success; internal willingness to compete with men; the ability to create and manage a functional team of professionals; flexibility in the choice of methods of influence and decision-making.