bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DO CHARACTERISTICS OF BOARD AFFECT SUSTAINABLE FINANCE DISCLOSURE? EVIDENCE: ASEAN BANKING INDUSTRY
Authors:   Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia, Rukmana Cakti Reysvana , Anni Aryani Y ,   Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
Published: December 2023

Sustainability is an essential aspect of previous investigations on the relationship between business practices and sustainability commitments. These investigations showed how positive changes in this context have guided the banking system toward embracing sustainable finance. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of board characteristics on sustainable finance disclosure within ASEAN banking industry, using a panel data regression model. The results showed that only board size had a positive and significant effect on sustainable finance disclosure. Meanwhile, variables such as board gender, board education, and foreign board was reported to be insignificant. This study provided valuable insight into the empirical understanding of sustainable finance disclosure, particularly within banking industry in ASEAN countries.
THE CLARITY OF BUSINESS MODELS IN INTEGRATED ACCOUNTING REPORTS
Authors:   University of New England, Australia, Donleavy Gabriel
Published: December 2023

In this study, 664 students enrolled in accounting theory courses at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels at the University of New England were tasked with the assignment of critically assessing the decision usefulness and understandability of 2 to 4 integrated accounting reports. A key aspect of their analysis involved a critical examination of how the accounting reports conveyed the business models employed by the respective companies. In the case of consolidated reports, students were expected to observe distinct business models for each segment of the group or identify a robust rationale if only one model was presented. A team comprising both students and faculty examined all submitted reports, coding the embedded models for their complexity and understandability. The ensuing analysis revealed three distinct clusters of models, categorized as simple, orthogonal, or spread. The decision usefulness of these models exhibited significant variation and demonstrated a clear association with their understandability. Given that South Africa is the sole country mandating integrated accounting, a distinctive expectation was formed. Reports from South African corporations were anticipated to exhibit a degree of isomorphism or clustering around a specific model to a notably greater extent than reports from other countries. However, contrary to expectations, no such clustering was identified. Furthermore, it was anticipated that students would more accurately code simple business models, given their inherent simplicity and ease of comprehension. This expectation found substantial support in the results. Finally, the study hypothesized that spread models would be more prone to being cluttered by extravagant claims, messianic declarations, and legitimation discourses compared to simple models. This hypothesis received confirmation through the study's findings.
Climate before and after planting drive divergent outcomes ten years after restoration of a wheat field to grassland
Authors: Mahood Adam , Barnard David , Macdonald Jacob , Green Tim , Erskine Robert
Published: December 2023

Converting croplands to grasslands can restore ecosystem functions and services, but there is uncertainty about why some restoration treatments succeed and others do not. Existing restoration strategies tailor species compositions of seed mixes according to long-term climate means and hardiness zones. However, individual years typically deviate from average climate norms such that restoration activities may be better informed by recent conditions than with climate averages. We monitored a field in eastern Colorado that was converted from winter wheat-fallow to native perennial grassland via seeding. The same seed mix was used to seed half of the strips in 2013 (drier) and the other half in 2014 (wetter). In the strips seeded in 2013, only one native grass and one shrub species from the seed mix established widely, whereas in 2014 all native grasses established. Higher soil moisture preceding seed application was positively associated with perennial grasses, while rhizomatous grasses, shrubs and introduced annuals were associated with other variables. After seeding, high summer soil moisture was positively associated with a rhizomatous C3 grass, while the planted C4 bunchgrasses were negatively associated with high summer soil moisture and positively associated with high fall soil temperatures. We found evidence of facilitatory interactions between grasses and forbs, and antagonistic interactions between native perennial grasses and introduced annuals. These findings highlight the potential for land managers to improve upon current approaches by considering antecedent and forecasted conditions during restoration planning.
Comparative Visual Performance of Ultraviolet Light-filtering and Violet Light-filtering Monofocal Intraocular Lenses of the Same Material and Basic Design
Authors: Tanabe Hirotaka , Tabuchi Hitoshi , Shojo Tomohiro , Yamauchi Tomofusa , Takase Kosuke
Published: December 2023

We compared the visual performance of ZCB00 ultraviolet light-filtering and ZCB00V violet light-filtering monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) (both Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision) with the same materials and basic design in cataract patients treated in 2011-2020, with evaluations performed at 10 weeks following the last surgery for implantation of bilateral lenses ≤3 months apart. The ZCB00 and ZCB00V groups included 904 eyes from 452 patients (age 72.3±6.8 y; women/men, 268/184) and 1374 eyes from 687 patients (age 73.0±7.4 y; women/men, 415/272), respectively. Statistical validity was confirmed using a linear mixed-effects model with binocular data and adjustments for age, sex, subjective refraction cylinder, subjective refraction spherical equivalent, corneal astigmatism, axial length, pupil diameter, and corneal higher-order aberrations. ZCB00 showed slightly but significantly better results (p<0.05, Wald) for uncorrected intermediate/near visual acuity, corrected near visual acuity, and components of the 25-item Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25) (Role_Limitation, Mental_Health, Social_Function, Distance_Vision, Color_Vision). Meanwhile, ZCB00V showed significantly better contrast sensitivity with glare (visual angle of target: 6.3°/4.0°/0.7°; p<0.00068, Wald); slightly but significantly better contrast sensitivity without glare (4.0°/2.5°/1.6°) and with glare (2.5°/1.6°/1.0°), VFQ-25 General_Health scores, and near spectacle independence; and slightly but significantly smaller higher-order aberrations (internal, scaled to a 6-mm pupil; Wavefront_6_post_I_Trefoil) (p<0.05, Wald).
Study on spectral response of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) at different leaf ages and evaluation on photosynthetic energy efficiency of narrow-band LED spotlights
Authors: Gao Dan , Yuan Qing , Pei Weizhong , Zhang Xue , Li Fusheng , Han Qiuyi , Zhang Shanduan
Published: December 2023

Leaf photosynthesis largely determines the daughter corm yields in vegetative growth for saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Most of previous researches focuses on spectral response in various species, but lacking the study on saffron leaves at different leaf ages. In this study, the action spectrum based on photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and irradiance were distinguished and interpretated. The optical properties and photosynthetic performances of leaves were respectively investigated at two leaf ages, dependence on customized narrow-band LED spotlights from 380 nm to 780 nm with an interval 20 nm and a band width 10 nm. The younger leaves charactered higher reflectance and transmittance at 500 − 600 nm, resulting in lower absorptance compared to the older leaves. The spectral response curves including action spectrum and quantum yield for younger leaves were higher than the older, but their relative curves displayed coincidence. The spectral response curves exhibited two peaks at 440 and 640 nm, but not low between 500 and 600 nm. Nevertheless, the photosynthetic energy efficiency of spotlights demonstrated very low in green/yellow region. Accordingly, more attentions should be paid to green and yellow LED lighting during the vegetative stage for saffron, as well as improving their manufacturing technology.
Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm., a suitable plant species for phytoremediation of crude oil and mercury contaminated soil
Authors: Talukdar Parismita , Baruah Aryan , Bhuyan Sameer Jyoti , Boruah Swati , Borah Pujashree , Bora Chittaranjan , Basumatary Budhadev
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Costus speciosus in the degradation of crude oil and mercury (Hg) from the contaminated soil in pot experiments in the net house for 180 days. C. speciosus was transplanted in soil containing 19150 mg kg− 1 crude oil and 3.2 mg kg− 1 Hg. The study includes the evaluation of plant height, root length, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and Hg degradation in soil, TPH and Hg accumulation in plants grown in fertilized and unfertilized pots, and rhizospheric most probable number (MPN) at 60 days interval. The average biomass production and heights of C. speciosus in contaminated treatments were significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to the unvegetated control. Plants grown in contaminated soil showed relatively reduced root surface area compared to the uncontaminated treatments. TPH degradation in planted fertilized, unplanted and planted unfertilized pot was 63%, 0.8% and 38% respectively. However, compared to unvegetated treatments, TPH degradation was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in vegetated treatments. Comparison of fertilized and unfertilized soils showed that TPH accumulation in plant roots and shoots was relatively higher in fertilized soils. Hg degradation in soil was significantly (p < 0.05) more in planted treatment compared to unplanted treatments. The fertilized soil showed relatively more Hg degradation in soil and its accumulation in roots and shoots of plants in comparison to unfertilized soil. MPN in treatments with plants was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than in without plants. It was observed that C. speciosus accelerated the biodegradation of crude oil and Hg in soil and their accumulation in roots and shoots.
Enhancing Nematicidal Effect of Prodigiosin via Nano-Encapsulation Using Chitosan as a Novel Carrier Substance
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hanh , Wang San-Lang , Phan Tu Quy , Nguyen Thi Huyen , Nguyen Anh Dzung , Nguyen Van Bon
Published: December 2023

In this study, Chitosan (CS) was newly found as an effective carrier for nano-encapsulation of Pg by spray drying technique for enhancing its bioactivity. Among various tested polymers, CS was screened as the most suitable substance for creating encapsulated Pg/CS nanoparticles (E-Pg/CS-NPs) with high recovery yield and good nanoscale properties. CS was further combined with other carbohydrate polymers and used for nano-encapsulation of Pg, however, no enhancing yield or better properties of encapsulated Pg NPs were found. Further experiments indicated that the size of the spaying needle of 55µm and the Pg concentration used at 0.05% were the most effective for producing E-Pg/CS-NPs. In nanoscale properties characterization, the E-Pg/CS-NPs were found spherical with smooth surfaces, good stability (Zeta potential of + 80.1mV), and average sizes at 529.5nm. Especially, the E-Pg/CS-NPs demonstrated a potent nematicidal effect against both J2-nematodes and their egg-hatching, besides, the activity of E-Pg/CS-NPs was improved by about 4-fold compared with pure Pg. The molecular docking and enzyme inhibition assays suggested the possible path-way of the nematicidal effect of Pg released from E-Pg/CS-NPs via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. This study thus provides a novel and effective protocol to produce E-Pg/CS-NPs with potential use for managing black pepper nematodes.
Predictive modeling of angiotensin-converting enzyme and its gene-polymorphisms in the occurrence of cerebral small-vessel disease
Authors: Dong Zijian , Yang Xinyi , Luo Dadaong , Dou Shannan , Zhao Kui , Guo Xinlu , Tian Chao , Liu Xuhui
Published: December 2023

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the big cause of stroke, and there are many causes of CSVD. The aim of this study is to screen the key causes of CSVD and finally explore the association of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its gene polymorphisms with CSVD by constructing a multivariate modeling research method based on Lasso regression. Clinical data were collected from 184 CSVD patients and 120 controls, and then lasso regression was used to select the four most relevant clinical characteristics of CSVD. Then we divided the sample size of the training set and the validation set according to the ratio of 7:3, and used the ROC curve and DCA curve to evaluate the diagnostic and survival value of the prediction results. Finally, serum ACE expression and ACE genotyping were tested by Elisa and PCR. Four characteristic variables were selected by lasso regression, including age, sex, serum ACE concentration and ACE genotyping. ROC diagnostic curve showed that the AUC value of the validation set was 0.98, which had high diagnostic value. The subsequent DCA curve also showed that these four characteristic variables had a close clinical correlation with CSVD. The final results also confirmed that the serum ACE value of CSVD patients was higher than that of the Control group (p < 0.001), and the gene frequency (D\I = 291\79) in the CSVD group. And Control group gene frequency (D\I = 46\194) There were also some differences (p < 0.0001). The expression of ACE and its genotype, age, and gender contribute to CSVD.
Stratified Graph Indexing for Efficient Search in Deep Descriptor Databases
Authors: Rahman M M Mahabubur , Tešić Jelena
Published: December 2023

Searching for unseen objects in extensive visual archives is challenging, demanding efficient indexing methods that can support meaningful similarity retrievals. This research paper presents the Stratified Graph (SG) approach for indexing similar deep descriptors by sorting them into distance-sensitive layers. The indexing algorithm incrementally constructs a bi-directional m-nearest neighbor graph within each layer, with additional 1-nearest neighbor links from outer layers, providing a distant scaling property in the graph structure. The search process starts from the innermost layer, and the same layer neighbors enhance Average Recall (AR), while the distant scaling property enhances search speed, maintaining logarithmic complexity scaling. We compare and contrast SG with six state-of-the-art retrieval methods in four deep-descriptor and two classical-descriptor databases, and we show that the SG indexing and search has smaller memory usage (up to four times) and the Mean Average Precision and AR improve up to 8% over state-of-art for all six datasets at five retrieval depths.
Fault-Tolerant Metric Dimension (FTMD) of M-polynomial of Zigzag Edge Coronoid Fused by Starphene
Authors: Farooq Umar , Chudhary Faryal , Afzal Deeba , Abbas Waseem
Published: December 2023

The application of graph invariants serves as a valuable tool for analyzing the complex structures of molecular graphs, attracting researchers across various fields. Graph theory has played a pivotal role in explaining chemical structures and finding practical applications. Representing chemical compounds as graphs enable theoretical exploration and yield meaningful insights. Among graph parameters, metric dimension stands out as a key metric, quantifying the minimum vertices needed for unique identification within a graph. The concept of fault-tolerant metric dimensions extends this idea, considering identification robustness in the face of faulty vertices or edges. This research applies metric dimension and fault-tolerant metric dimension to molecular graphs and networks, with a focus on the unique structural properties of the "M-polynomial of zigzag edge coronoid fused by starphene" molecule. Through graph theory, we deepen our understanding of this compound's intricate molecular architecture.
Mathematics Subject Classification 2023: 05C12
Revealing the therapeutic mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa-Sculellaria barbata in lung cancer through network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Zhu Dantong , Liang Shiying , Chen Jianjun , Jiang Mingzhe , Li Shun , Ren Xijing , Bu Fanxu , Zheng Zhendong
Published: December 2023

Objective: Elucidating the therapeutic mechanism of the combination of Hedyotis diffusa and Sculellaria barbata for lung cancer through network pharmacology and molecular docking.
Method: We employed network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques to identify effective components and targets using the TCMSP database. Furthermore, relevant lung cancer targets were retrieved from the GEO database. The main targets of Hedyotis diffusa- Sculellaria barbata for lung cancer treatment were visualized using Cytoscape. Cytoscape 3.7.1 and the STRING database platform were utilized to respectively construct the active ingredient-target network map and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common target proteins. To identify the therapeutic targets of the combination of Hedyotis diffusaand Sculellaria barbata for lung cancer treatment, a topological analysis was performed using cytoNCA, followed by network integration. The molecular targets and genes obtained were subjected to gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. The molecular docking of key action targets and major active ingredients was conducted using the AutoDockTools 1.5.6 software.
Results: A total of 32 bioactive constituents were identified in the medicinal combination of Hedyotis diffusa-Sculellaria barbata, comprising 7 compounds from Hedyotis diffusa and 25 compounds from Sculellaria barbata. Notably, quercetin, baicalin, flavonoids, and luteolin emerged as key components with significant relevance to lung cancer treatment. The target analysis revealed AKT1, HSP90AA1, SRC, CASP3, and MAPK1 as potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer treatment. The GO enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of 376 biological process-related items, 50 cell composition-related items, and 116 molecular function-related items in the targets. A total of 51 pathways were identified through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The molecular docking results confirmed the stable binding of ATK1 to the active ingredients baicalein and luteolin, HSP90AA1 to baicalein and flavonoids, SRC to all four active ingredients, and CASP3 to quicaletin and luteolin.
Conclusion: The treatment of lung cancer with Hedyotis diffusa-Sculellaria barbata exhibits the characteristics of being multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway, thereby providing a scientific foundation for both basic research and clinical application.
Study on the Permeability Mechanism of Aramid Fiber/Glass Fiber Hybrid Fabrics
Authors: Liang Qirui , Ye Jinrui , Liu Kai , Sun Xiaowei , Yan Bingyue , Bai Yu
Published: December 2023

Aramid fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites exhibit exceptional mechanical and insulating properties, so they are widely used in ultra-high-voltage power transmission applications. Permeability, an inherent property of the fiber fabric, plays a critical role in defect control in aramid fiber composites. Currently, permeability properties of aramid fibers and their hybrid counterparts have not been researched. In this study, the permeability properties of aramid fiber fabrics, glass fiber fabrics, and hybrid fabrics are investigated using digital cameras and pressure sensors. Fabric structure was studied using a combination of three-dimensional ultra-deep microscopes, AFM and SEM, using various hybrid methods. The wettability of materials with different hybridization is evaluated by analyzing the dynamic contact angle and surface free energy. The research results show that the in-plane permeability of aramid/glass fiber hybrid fabrics is 36.19% higher than that of aramid fibers, while the out-of-plane permeability is 16.79% higher. Within the layers, the in-plane permeability of the hybrid fabric with glass fibers increased by 64.97%, while the out-of-plane permeability increased by 30.1%. These results show a positive hybrid effect of the fiber combination, which has higher permeability within the layers than between the layers.
Microwave – assisted catalytic degradation efficiency of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) using magnetically separable magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticles
Authors: Zia Jannatun , Rafi Mudassir , Aazam Elham S. , Riaz Ufana
Published: December 2023

In the present study, we report the green synthesis of novel magnetically separable MgFe2O4 nanoparticles using Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp leafs via combustion method. The MgFe2O4 were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The crystalline structure of MgFe2O4 NPs was confirmed via XRD electron micrograph and TEM showed that the MgFe2O4 NPs were nearly spherical particles with particle size ranging between 5-15 nm. UV-vis DRS study showed the optical band gap of MgFe2O4 NPs was found to be 1.0 eV. Microwaves (MW) assisted degradation of PCM-dolo drug on MgFe2O4 were performed at different operating parameters such as time (0-30 min), drug concentration (PCM-dolo 50 mg/L), initial concentration of MgFe2O4 (0 mg/L -110 mg/L), and microwave power (100W-600W) to obtained the residual absorbance of PCM-dolo on MgFe2O4. Experimental data was used to compute the degradation efficiency of PCM-dolo on MgFe2O4. The enhanced catalytic performance could be ascribed to the production of MW-induced active species, such as holes (h+), superoxide radicals (•O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in the degradation process. A possible degradation mechanism and pathway was proposed in MW/MgFe2O4 system. Moreover, MgFe2O4 as an eco-friendly catalyst could be easily separated and recycled by a magnet.
Association between time of assessment within a school year and physical fitness of primary school children
Authors: Teich Paula , Golle Kathleen , Kliegl Reinhold
Published: December 2023

The dissociation of effects of age, time of assessment and cohort is a well-known challenge in developmental science. We examined effects of time of assessment in the school year on children’s physical fitness using data from 75,362 German third-graders from seven cohorts. Children were tested once either in the first or second school term of third grade. Tests examined cardiorespiratory endurance (6-min run), coordination (star-run), speed (20-m sprint), lower (standing long jump) and upper (ball-push test) limbs muscle power, and flexibility (stand-and-reach test). We estimated the effect of time of assessment using a regression discontinuity design specified in a linear mixed model with random factors child and school and adjusted for age and cohort effects. Coordination, speed, and upper limbs muscle power were better in second compared to first school term, with boys exhibiting a larger increase of upper limbs muscle power than girls. There was no evidence for changes in cardiorespiratory endurance, lower limbs muscle power, and flexibility between assessments. Previously reported age and sex effects as well as secular fitness trends were replicated. Thus, there is evidence for improvement of some physical fitness components beyond age and cohort effects that presumably reflects the benefit of physical education. Effects of assessment time should be taken into consideration in performance-based grading or norm-based selection of children.
Reduced pyrethroid morbidity and resistance of jointly exposed Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes: implications for malaria-lymphatic filariasis co-intervention plans
Authors: Obembe Abiodun , Yahaya Fatima , Oduola Adedayo , Wahedi Jasini , Awolola Samson
Published: December 2023

Countries like Nigeria have launched Malaria-Lymphatic Filariasis (Malaria-LF) co-intervention plans by targeting joint Anopheles and Culex mosquito human host-seeking behaviour with synergistic insecticide-based control tools. However, insecticide resistance currently threatens mosquito vector control. This study investigated separate and joint pyrethroid insecticide exposure response of Anopheles gambiae and Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes collected from mixed breeding sites in Ilorin, Nigeria. Adult Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes reared from larval collections were exposed in separate and joint insecticide susceptibility tests to permethrin, deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin using WHO kits. Mosquito molecular identifications and knock down resistance (kdr) mutation detection were carried out. Mosquito knockdown times (kdt), percentage knockdown, and mortality for the different mosquito and exposure types were compared. Both mosquitoes were resistant to all pyrethroid insecticides tested. Significantly higher deltamethrin Anopheles knockdown was recorded compared to Culex for the joint (Anopheles 79–89%, Culex 44–50% P ≤ 0.011) and separate (Anopheles 67–88%, Culex 46–47% P ≤ 0.048) exposures respectively. Time to 95% knock down were shorter by half during separate (2200.9 mins) than in joint (4513.9 mins) Anopheles and Culex mosquito exposures. Faster Anopheles (kdt50 18.7–68.8) than Culex (kdt50 22.1–98.8) knockdown was recorded in separate and joint insecticide exposures. Higher but not significantly different (P ≥ 0.083) mosquito mortalities were recorded from separate (Anopheles 43–77%, Culex 43–72%) than in joint exposures (Anopheles 44–68%, Culex 41–69%). There were no significant (P ≥ 0.072) differences between Anopheles 43–77% and Culex 41–72% mortalities for separate and joint exposures. Anopheles arabiensis (≥ 81.4%), An. gambiae (≥ 10.7%), An. coluzzii (0-1.8%) with different kdr frequencies (44–67%) and Cx. quinquefasciatus without kdr occurrence were identified. The speed of action and morbidity effects of the pyrethroid insecticides tested were lower during joint than in the separate mosquito exposures. Reduced pyrethroid speed of action and morbidity along with multiple mosquito resistance noted could threaten insecticide user-acceptability, performance perception and Malaria-LF co-intervention in the field.
Wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) do not participate in SARS- CoV-2 circulation in Poland
Authors: Goll Aleksander , Krupinska Martyna , Nowicka Joanna , Baranowicz Karolina , Rabalski Lukasz , Lass Anna , Gorska Aleksandra , Kant Ravi , Grzybek Maciej
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Biomonitoring is an essential activity for identifying possible vectors and reservoirs of pathogens and predicting potential outbreaks. Wild red foxes are present in both sylvatic and synanthropic environments, making them potential carriers of zoonotic pathogens. Experimental studies have shown that both coyotes and red foxes can transmit SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in wild red foxes hunted in northern Poland.
(2) Methods: Oral swabs and blood clots were collected from 292 red foxes hunted in northern Poland. We used both molecular (RT-PCR) and serological (IFA) approaches to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in the sampled animals.
(3) Results: We did not find any evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the collected samples, using both molecular and serological methods.
(4) Conclusions: Despite foxes having frequent contact with humans, human waste, and other animals, they do not appear to participate in the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in our geographical region. Nevertheless, we believe that continuous biomonitoring should be performed to assess the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological situation in the wild.
Clinical, laboratory and ultrasound heterogeneity of Graves’ disease with coexistence of Antinuclear antibodies
Authors: Zhao Xin , Wang Ningning , Wang Jing , Wu Fen , Zhao Shunfeng , Jiang Shihe , Fan Xiaotao , Sun Mengjiao , Song Run , Lan Tian , Zhu Huimin , Jiang Hongwei , Ma Jia , Jia Beibei , Chen Wentao , Chang Haoxiao , Du Ganqin , Jin Wei-Na
Published: December 2023

Background The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease (GD), which is caused by stimulating thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor autoantibodies (TRAbs). Many observational studies discussed the heterogeneity of other systemic autoimmune diseases with coexistence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), but the relevance between ANA and GD has rarely been reported. Methods This retrospective study was conducted in four medical centers in China. We included 241 patients with GD and correlated their laboratory tests, paraclinical immunological evaluation, ultrasound features, main symptoms, and follow-up outcomes. Results Compared with patients with ANA-negative GD, 44.8% (108) of patients with ANA-positive GD had higher serum IgG, IgA, total cholesterol (TC), FT4, and TRAb levels and lower serum triglyceride (TG) levels, which were correlated with ANA titer. The prevalence of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab), weight loss, and anemia were significantly higher in ANA-positive patients, whereas the incidence of coexisting Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) and hypokalemia were significantly higher in the ANA-negative group. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with TG-Ab, TPO-Ab, anemia, and weight loss had a higher proportion of ANA titer. At ultrasound, TRAb levels were correlated with bilateral thyroid volume, thyroid isthmus length, and total thyroid volume. ANA titer was correlated with length, width, thickness, left thyroid volume, and total thyroid volume. The remission rate of the ANA-positive group was significantly lower than that of the ANA-negative group. Conclusion ANAs were frequent in patients with GD. The coexistence of ANAs in patients with GD showed distinct differences in laboratory tests, clinical manifestations, ultrasound features, and ANA-positive patients more easily develop a severe disease course. Our findings indicated the clinically importantance to screen ANAs in patients with GD.
Neighborhood-Assisted Point Cloud Inference
Authors: ROUABHIA Djaber , HADJADJ Ismail
Published: December 2023

This research introduces a novel method for efficient 3D reconstruction, focusing on accelerating point cloud inference using silhouettes. Addressing the limitations of traditional reconstruction techniques, this approach streamlines the generation of point clouds by leveraging geometric data from silhouettes and incorporating a neighborhood-assisted algorithm for rapid depth calculation.
The method involves capturing video of rotating objects, extracting silhouettes, and inferring pixel depths to form point clouds. This technique, distinct from conventional stereoscopy and active vision approaches, emphasizes efficiency and simplicity.
Experimental results demonstrate the method's effectiveness in significantly enhancing the speed of point cloud generation without compromising accuracy. The experiments, conducted with a variety of objects, validate the method's precision and temporal efficiency.
This study has broad implications, offering a practical solution for rapid 3D modeling in fields such as virtual reality, cultural heritage, and medical imaging. It marks a significant advancement in 3D reconstruction, providing a foundation for further research aimed at optimizing computational efficiency and integrating with more detailed reconstruction methods.
A modified molecular typing approach for breast cancer based on immunohistochemical staining
Authors: Guo Rui , Li QianQian , Li Dan , Wang Yan , Tian Yi , Huang Xiaozhong , Zhang Shuqun , Yang Jun
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Anti-HER2 antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated positive results in the treatment of breast cancer with HER2 low expression; however, traditional molecular typing does not evaluate HER2 low expression. Therefore, modified methods need to be designed to promote the use of ADCs for breast cancer treatment. This study propose a modified molecular typing approach for breast cancer based on immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 to guide the application of ADCs for the treatment of breast cancer with low HER2 expression.
Methods
According to the classification criteria for the modified molecular typing based only on IHC staining of ER, PR, and HER2 status, 1448 breast cancer specimens were divided into luminal HER2 positive (LH+); luminal HER2 low positive (LH±); luminal HER2 negative (LH−); non-luminal HER2 positive (NLH+); non-luminal HER2 low positive (NLH±); and non luminal HER2 negative (NLH−).
Results
Among 1448 breast cancer specimens: 7.8% (113/1448) were LH+; 51.2% (741/1448) LH±; 16.5% (238/1448) were LH−; 10.4% (151/1448) were NLH+; 7.5% (109/1448) were NLH±; and 6.6% (96/1448) were NLH−. Significant differences were identified in the age at onset, lymphatic metastasis, TNM stage, and Ki67 index among the six molecular types of breast cancer according to the modified molecular typing approach.
Conclusions
Based only on IHC staining of ER, PR, and HER2 status, this study classifies breast tumors with low HER2 expression as an independent molecular subtype and proposes a modified molecular typing approach to divide breast cancer into six types, including luminal HER2+, luminal HER2 low positive, luminal HER2−, non-luminal HER2+, non-luminal HER2 low positive, and non-luminal HER2−. This molecular typing approach not only better distinguishes the molecular and biological characteristics of different molecular types of breast cancer, but it also guides the application of ADCs for breast cancer treatment.
Safe Marriage for Thalassemia Prevention: The Gap Between Knowledge and Practices among Bangladeshi University Students
Authors: Hossain Md. Jubayer , Das Manisha , Akter Mst.Mahfuza , Maruf Md. Fakhrul Islam , Towhid Syeda Tasneem
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate thalassemia awareness and prevention among university students in Bangladesh, with a focus on demographic factors, attitudes, and opinions regarding safe marriage influencing their knowledge and behavior. Key findings showed that 54% of the participants were female, emphasizing the need for targeted educational efforts to address gender disparity. Furthermore, 92% of the participants were unmarried, highlighting the importance of preventive measures for this group. Science students exhibited higher knowledge levels (75%) than non-science students, emphasizing the necessity of extending thalassemia education to various disciplines. While students generally expressed positive attitudes towards thalassemia awareness, reservations about interacting with thalassemic individuals indicated social stigma that requires targeted efforts. There was strong support for both compulsory (85%) and voluntary (62%) screening for thalassemia. Demographic characteristics, including age, sex, residence, institute type, academic year, and economic status, significantly influenced knowledge levels, enabling tailored awareness campaigns. This study revealed the influence of demographic characteristics, disciplinary distinctions, attitudes, and opinions on thalassemia awareness and prevention among university students in Bangladesh. The statistical significance of these factors underscores their impact, and provides a foundation for evidence-based public health initiatives. By leveraging the positive attitudes found, customized interventions can effectively raise awareness, promote prevention, and reduce the burden of thalassemia among this vital demographic.
Integration of Solid-state Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization of Elephant Dung for Elephant Sanctuary Waste Management
Authors: Saipa Sasithorn , Charnnok Boonya , Nitayavardhana Saoharit , Reungsang Alissara , Chaiprapat Sumate , Sawatdeenarunat Chayanon
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research was to develop an integrated biorefinery process of solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for the co-production of methane and hydrochar using elephant dung (ED) as substrate. With a leachate recirculation rate of 4 times/day, the SS-AD presented the highest cumulative methane yield of 83.2 ± 1.7 NmL/g VSadded and VS removal efficiency of 53.9 ± 0.3%. In subsequent HTC, the maximum HHV of 10078.5 ± 288.5 MJ/ton dry wt. was achieved for the digested ED without leachate recirculation under HTC temperature of 170 ºC. In addition, the optimum mass and energy yields were 76.3 ± 0.8% and 84.1 ± 0.3%, respectively. The produced hydrochar had higher HHV compared to the raw digestate. Moreover, the HHV of the hydrochar was higher than and ash content was identical to a conventional coal (lignite). An assessment of a full-scale elephant-sanctuary waste management scheme integrating SS-AD and HTC indicates that more than 10078.5 ± 288.5 MJ of energy and 563.0 ± 5.2 kg dry weight of hydrochar could be recovered per ton dry weight of ED. The proposed waste management platform could lower the energy cost for elephant sanctuary by the produced hydrochar while addressing its environmental issues.
Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical properties of lattice structures inspired from polycrystalline materials
Authors: Liu Yabo , Bai Guangwei , Qu Zhipeng , Xu Xiaochang
Published: December 2023

In this work, polycrystalline-like lattice structures are designed inspired from the geometry of polycrystalline materials. They are generated by filling the periodic lattice structures into the voronoi diagram. Then, finite element analyses of two periodic and eight polycrystalline-like lattice structures are performed to compare their mechanic properties. The numerical results show that polycrystalline-like lattice structures consisting of anisotropic rectangular X-type periodic unit cell are isotropic at the macro scale. And they have higher specific stiffness and specific strength than periodic lattice structures under compression. Then the energy absorption capability are investigated. Four energy absorption indicators (energy absorption, energy absorption per unit volume, specific energy absorption per unit mass, crush stress efficiency and plateau stress) revel that polycrystalline-like lattice structures are better energy absorption structures. Furthermore, the defect sensitivity of struts missing are also discussed. The findings of this work offer a new route of designing novel lattice structures.
Argonaute protein assisted drug discovery for miRNA-181c-5p and target gene ATM translation repression: a computational approach
Authors: Tak Harshita , Anirudh Jivanage , Chattopadhyay Arpan , B Hemanth Naick
Published: December 2023

The miRNA binds to AGO's seed region, prompting the exploration of small molecules that can offset miRNA repression of target mRNA. This miRNA-181c-5p was found to be upregulated in the chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a prevalent neurodegenerative disease in contact sports and military personals. The research aimed to identify compounds that disrupt the AGO-assisted loop formation between miRNA-181c-5p and ATM, consequently repressing the translation of ATM. Target genes from commonly three databases (DIANA-microT-CDS, miRDB, RNA22 and TargetScan) were subjected to functional annotation and clustering analysis using DAVID bioinformatics tool. Haddock server were employed to make miRNA-181c-5p:ATM-AGO complex. A total of 2594 small molecules were screened using Glide XP based on their highest binding affinity towards the complex, through a three-phase docking approach. the top 5 compounds (DB00674 - Galantamine, DB00371 - Meprobamate, DB00694 - Daunorubicin, DB00837 - Progabide, and DB00851 - Dacarbazine) were further analysed for stability in the miRNA-181c-5p:ATM-AGO-ligand complex interaction using GROMACS (version 2023.2). Hence, these findings suggest that these molecules hold potential for facilitating AGO-assisted repression of ATM gene translation.
Genesis and evolution of deep K-rich confined brine in Mahai Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Yang Fukang , Fan Qishun , Han Guang , Wang Shenglu , Liu Jiubo , Bai Hongkui
Published: December 2023

Mahai Basin (MH), situated in the northern Qaidam Basin (QB), occurred abundant K-rich brine resources. The study on origin of deep K-rich confined brine and variation in K-Mg elements correspond to evolution in MH light on the significance of the sustainable development and utilization of brine deposits. This study presents multiple isotopes (δ18O and δD, 87Sr/86Sr) and hydrochemical characteristics for river waters, surface brines, intercrystalline brines, confined brines, gravel-type brines and anticlinal brines in the MH. The results indicate that: (1) Compared with anticlinal brine, confined brine is characterized by high K, low Ca and Sr contents, and close to the supply path of water chemistry in Yuqia River (from Na-HCO3-SO4 field to Cl-SO4 field in Ca-SO4-HCO3 equivalent diagram), deciphering river water is the main water source for confined brine. (2) The δ18O-δD values of confine brine are spatially various in MH and fall on the right side of the local evaporation line in this study, which implies that confined brine underwent evaporation and concentration successively. (3) The 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7114298–0.7114522) of confined brine is between river water and Lenghu anticlinal water, and both river water and confine brine dominate in low Sr field, further verified that more recharge budget of river water. (4) Combining with the evolution of sedimentary facies (Dezongmahai lake area as an example), K and Mg concentrations in MH increased progressively from west to east and from south to north, demonstrating the enrichment of K and Mg aligns to the evolution of MH and northeastern part of this basin serving as the final depositional center.
Electrophysiological assessmentsof different working memory states for Alzheimer's mice
Authors: Wu Linyan , Huang Liang , Li Sinan , Zhang Wenlong , Zhou Ping , Liu Tian , Wang Jue
Published: December 2023

Reduced working memory is one of the important manifestations of senile dementia. Analyzing different brain regions in different states of working memory can help diagnose Alzheimer's disease and provide targets for intervention and treatment. In this study, we designed a Y-maze behavioral paradigm with voltage stimulus feedback and classified working memory states based on the selection of mice in continuous Y-maze behavior. We compared the differences in memory function between AD model mice and normal mice at the electrophysiological level. We found that: 1) the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus may play a more important role in working memory function than the frontal lobe, and the cingulate gyrus may become a new target for studying memory function; 2) Compared to the left brain region, the right brain region plays a more important role in the process of working memory; 3) Remembering the right events is more helpful for memorizing itself than remembering the incorrect events; 4) AD mice exhibit abnormalities in all three aspects mentioned above, especially abnormal brain connectivity during the correct memory process, leading to their inability to complete learning. Our research results provide an electrophysiological mechanism for the memory process, paving the way for further research into the mechanism of memory dysfunction in AD, and proposing potential intervention targets and strategies to improve memory dysfunction in AD.
Diversity and abundance of odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) and lepidopteran (butterflies) fauna of Kalyani Lake park, Nadia district, West Bengal, India
Authors: Dolai Sayak , Mallick Md. Abu Imran , Ghorai Narayan
Published: December 2023

Butterflies, dragonflies and damselflies are indeed important for ecosystem productivity, playing roles in pollination and insect control, contributing to a balanced and thriving ecosystem. Their presence showcases the health and abundance of the ecosystem. Biodiversity protection and conservation are indeed essential aspects of both national and international agendas, as they contribute significantly to the sustainable development of regions and countries. Biodiversity ensures the health and stability of ecosystems, provides ecosystem services crucial for human survival and well-being, and supports various industries such as agriculture, fisheries, and tourism. Lepidoptera and Odonata assemblage along with Kalyani Lake Park of Nadia district in West Bengal has been investigated. The dragonflies, damselflies and butterflies species were studied from August 2021 to September 2023. In this survey 25 species of dragonflies, 10 species of damselflies and 75 species of Butterflies were recorded. Among the odonate species, Libelluidae and Coenagrionidae were the dominant families with maximum number of species being 23 and 08 respectively. In the case of butterflies, Nymphalidae was the dominant family with 27 species while others have fewer representatives. Relative abundance and diversity indices were calculated for all species group. However, in the case of the urban forest area, the observed high anthropogenic disturbances create significant biotic pressure on the Kalyani Lake Park. Given the significance of understanding the insect diversity in this study area, a detailed list of recorded Odonata and Lepidoptera from the study would provide valuable insights into the specific species present, their distribution, and their potential interactions with the environment.
The Vulnerability of Communities to Climate Change-Induced Water Scarcity in Ethiopia and Kenya: A Systematic Review
Authors: Deresse Teshome
Published: December 2023

Climate change, as it is in many other parts of the world, is one of the many variables affecting the availability of water in Ethiopia and Kenya. Water scarcity problems are brought on by a lack of precipitation combined with a quick and persistent rise in temperature. The objective of this review paper is to examine how vulnerable communities in Ethiopia and Kenya are affected to water scarcity brought on by climate change, as well as how they can adapt. The analysis of 23 studies using systematic review methods identifies the characteristics of planned and spontaneous adaptations to water scarcity in Ethiopia and Kenya. Impacts of climate change were primarily caused by dry weather and uncertainty. According to empherical evidences, Ethiopia and Kenya are currently experiencing rising temperatures and fluctuating rainfall, and future forecasts point to an even worse situation. On a spatiotemporal basis, yet climate change varied, and in both countries, changes in the quantity and quality of water resources were among the effects that famed out. Population density, growing urbanization, and industrial are other factors that contribute to and exacerbate water scarcity in Ethiopia and Kenya. Nearly every economic sector in Ethiopia and Kenya has been impacted by the effects of climate change on water resources, including agriculture through unpredictable rainfall patterns, human health through water-borne illnesses during flooding, and trade through the destruction of road and telecommunication infrastructure. The degree of community susceptibility varies by nation, area, and geographic capabilities, with women and children being particularly vulnerable to climate change-related water scarcity that requires adaptation or mitigation. Building Ethiopia's and Kenya's resilience to the impacts of climate change on water resources necessitates a holistic strategy that integrates systems thinking and risk management techniques. The prevention of a water shortage depends on prompt action using science, technology, and innovation, rules governing water audit and management, and involvement of the private, public, and international sectors.