bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Pregnant Women towards Husband’s Attendance in Delivery Room in Erbil City
Authors:   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Saadi Mhadasa , Piro Tiran ,   Department of Midwifery, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University and Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives: Pregnancy is a beautiful and challenging time in a woman's life. A pregnant woman needs more care and support from her husband and family during this time because of physical and hormonal changes in her body. Husbands' attendance and support of women during labor can positively affect pregnant women and child’s health. The purpose of this study is to assess women’s attitudes towards the presence of their husbands during labor in Erbil city. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women who visited primary health care and Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city. Epi Info 7 was used to determine the sample size which Three hundred participants were the sample of the calculation. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26 was used to analyze and organize the data thorough using frequency, percentage, and chi-square test. Result: The study revealed that 62% of the participants were in the age group 20-30 years old. Most of the women obtained an elementary school certificate, with a percentage 23.3%. Most of the participants were urban residents, which was 81.3%. Regarding the income of the participants, the result indicated that most of them were in conditions sufficient for daily living, which was about 57.3%. Women expressed a good level of attitude towards husbands' attendance in the delivery room 80.3%. Conclusion: This survey illustrated that most pregnant women agreed to the husband's attendance in the delivery room. Pregnant women needed their husbands during labor which is important in their life.
Impact of Self-Efficacy Intervention Program on Caregivers Adherence toward Home-based Care Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   Department of nursing, Akre Technical Institute, Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Kurdistan region of Iraq., Othman Shevan , Hasan Shukir ,   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, and Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Tishk International University. Erbil, Kurdistan region, Iraq., Garjees Nadir ,   Department of Pediatric, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan region of Iraq.
Published: March 2024

Background and aims: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with many complications; caregivers’ self-efficacy is essential for sustained home management. The study aimed to find out the effects of nursing intervention programs on caregivers’ self-efficacy regarding adhering to home-based management of child to type1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A quasi‐experimental study design on home-based nursing intervention was conducted and recruited 60 caregivers who took homecare for their diabetes type 1. The systematic sampling method was used to select the participants Who were divided into two groups (30 in an intervention group and 30 in a control group) and who were registered at the Gulan General Hospital in Akre / Duhok city of Iraqi Kurdistan region. Verbal consent was obtained. starting from 3rd of January to the end of 5th September 2022.The home-based lesions were adopted for 5 months, Mann-Whitney U test, and T-Test ware used to identify the comparison between the variables. A p-value of ≤ 0.05, considered statistically significant. Results: There is no significant association between the control and study groups at the pretest before conducting the intervention program, while after conducting a home-based program for the intervention group, the results show that there was a highly significant difference between the pre and post test, the result reflects and successful program to change the self-efficacy of the caregivers from intervention, and it means a provided compared with the control group ( non-intervention group), at a p-value of ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: The results show that the caregivers who participated in the program (Intervention group), were successfully adapted to the self-efficacy program. Applying the program to a wider range of caregivers, to adhere to the caregivers and improve their self -efficacy toward home-based management of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
An enduring role for hippocampal pattern completion in addition to an emergent non-hippocampal contribution to holistic episodic retrieval after a 24-hour delay
Authors: Joensen Bárður H. , Ashton Jennifer E. , Berens Sam C. , Gaskell M. Gareth , Horner Aidan J.
Published: March 2024

Episodic memory retrieval is associated with the holistic neocortical reinstatement of all event information; an effect driven by hippocampal pattern completion. However, whether holistic reinstatement occurs, and whether hippocampal pattern completion continues to drive reinstatement, after a period of consolidation is unclear. Theories of systems consolidation predict either a time-variant or -invariant role of the hippocampus in the holistic retrieval of episodic events. Here, we assessed whether episodic events continue to be reinstated holistically and whether hippocampal pattern completion continues to facilitate holistic reinstatement following a period of consolidation. Female and male human participants learnt ‘events’ that were composed of multiple overlapping pairs of event elements (e.g., person-location, object-location, location-person). Importantly, encoding occurred either immediately before or 24-hours before retrieval. Using fMRI during the retrieval of events, we show evidence for holistic reinstatement, as well as a correlation between reinstatement and hippocampal pattern completion, regardless of whether retrieval occurred immediately or 24-hours after encoding. Thus, hippocampal pattern completion continues to contribute to holistic reinstatement after a delay. However, our results also revealed that some holistic reinstatement can occur without evidence for a corresponding signature of hippocampal pattern completion after a delay (but not immediately after encoding). We therefore show that hippocampal pattern completion, in addition to a non-hippocampal process, has a role in holistic reinstatement following a period of consolidation. Our results point to a consolidation process where the hippocampus and neocortex may work in an additive, rather than compensatory, manner to support episodic memory retrieval.

Significance StatementThe hippocampus plays a critical role in the recollection of episodic events. However, its role in episodic memory retrieval over time is still debated with theories of systems consolidation predicting both a time-limited and time-invariant role. We used fMRI and an experimental assay of holistic episodic memory retrieval to assess hippocampal pattern completion and its relationship to neocortical reinstatement across delay. We provide evidence that hippocampal pattern completion is associated with neocortical reinstatement following delay, but that some reinstatement can occur without a corresponding signature of hippocampal pattern completion. Our results suggest that hippocampal pattern completion, in addition to an emergent non-hippocampal process, may play an additive role in the recollection of episodic memories following a period of consolidation.
Antropologia Ojców Kościoła pierwszych czterech wieków
Authors: Kuźma Andrzej
Published: March 2024

Anthropology of the Fathers of Church was influenced by Bible and ancient philosophy. The philosophy regarded the human body often as a “prison of soul”, but the Christian’s writers considered that in the process of salvation is participating soul and body.Biblical expression concerning creation of man “in the image and resemblance of God” (Gen. 1,26) was interpretated by Christian’s writers already in the II century. The Fathers of Church generally was talking about the man who was composed of two parts: soul and body. We can find also expressing concerning human being composed of three parts: soul, spirit and body. Dichotomy is regarding as a biblical conception, but trichotomy is influenced by the ancient philosophy.
Świętość człowieka w nauczaniu Kościoła Prawosławnego
Authors: Jezierski Artur
Published: March 2024

What are sanctity and transfiguration of human being? In what way we can define these concepts?Human plays active role in such process. The Holy Bible accepts free choice of human between Good and Evil, as a natural condition of human responsibility. In what way Saints practiced their asceticism and approached to transfiguration of their souls and bodies? mysteries of Saints were penance and humility.The true aim of Christian life are gathering the Holy Ghost and being in unity with Him. Shortage of food, pray to God, charity and all Good which we do in the name of Jesus Christ are means to unification process with the Holy Ghost.The true aim of our life is transfiguration process which concerns ours souls and bodies.We will be punish for lack of success in such transfiguration and for not becoming as a Jesus Christ on the base of His grace.unity with God, feeling of God presence, love to every human being are necessary attributes of human sanctity and necessary conditions for human transfiguration.
Akulturasi Pertunjukan Jaranan Pegon di Trenggalek
Authors: Sugiarto Mellany Octa Salsabila , Yanuartuti Setyo
Published: March 2024

Percampuran dua budaya yang menghasilkan kebudayaan baru merupakan sebuah akulturasi. Jaranan Pegon memiliki indikasi adanya percampuran dua budaya antara Wayang Wong dan Jaranan Breng, demikian pula dengan Jaranan Pegon yang ada di wilayah Trenggalek. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses dan bentuk akulturasi dalam pertunjukan Jaranan Pegon di Trenggalek. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data diperoleh dari person, place, paper dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan tahapan reduksi, pengambilan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses akulturasi antara Wayang Wong dan Jaranan Breng terjadi secara harmonis dan selaras sehingga membentuk pertunjukan Jaranan Pegon khas Trenggalek. Bentuk akulturasi  pertunjukan Jaranan Pegon dapat dilihat dari segi gerak, iringan, busana, tata rias, dan properti yang mencerminkan dari unsur Wayang Wong dan unsur Jaranan Breng. Gerak Jaranan Pegon berasal dari ragam gerak Wayang Wong, ragam gerak Jaranan Breng, serta pengembangan dari keduanya. Iringan Jaranan Pegon menggunakan gending sampak yang biasanya digunakan dalam Wayang Wong dikolaborasikan dengan gending-gending Jaranan Breng. Busana dan tata rias penari jaranan menggunakan kostum Wayang Wong, sedangkan juru gambuh, penari celengan, penari barongan, dan tokoh prentul menggunakan busana dan tata rias Jaranan Breng. Properti yang digunakan penari jaranan yaitu kepang dan selendang sebagai bentuk percampuran kedua unsur.
Strategi Practice Rehearsal Pairs pada Pembelajaran Tari untuk Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar di Sanggar Tari Kembang Sore Kabupaten Tulungagung
Authors: Nabila Amanda Fara
Published: March 2024

Pembelajaran akan berhasil apabila pembelajaran yang direncanakan sesuai dengan karakter dan kondisi anak usia sekolah dasar agar tujuan pembelajaran tercapai dan berkesan dalam benak anak, khususnya pembelajaran tari. Guru telah menerapkan strategi practice rehearsal pairs yang mana strategi tersebut sesuai dengan kondisi siswa dalam belajar menari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi practice rehearsal pairs pada pembelajaran tari untuk anak usia sekolah dasar di Sanggar Tari Kembang Sore. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Subjek penelitian adalah pelatih tari dan siswa tari. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan di Sanggar Tari Kembang Sore Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Kauman Kabupaten Tulungagung  merupakan salah satu sanggar yang memiliki prestasi seni, hal ini dibuktikan dengan peminat keanggotaan yang tinggi. Informan diambil sebanyak 34 siswa kelas Dasar dari 68 jumlah keseluruhannya. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi practice rehearsal pairs telah berhasil mengubah kemampuan siswa tari menjadi lebih aktif, percaya diri dan muncul sikap kerjasama terhadap pasangan belajarnya melalui arahan guru serta gerakan tari yang diajarkan dapat dikuasai oleh siswa. Harapan peneliti adalah pelatih tari dapat menjadi tutor, motivator, apresiator dan fasilitator untuk pembelajaran tari, selain itu siswa tari diharapkan mampu mengembangkan minat dan bakat seni tari melalui sanggar tari kembang sore.
Analisis Koreografi Tari Tarhib Al - Banjary
Authors: Salsabilla Salsabilla , Indrayani Putri Dyah , Nugraheni Edlin Yanuar
Published: March 2024

Tari Tarhib Al-Banjary merupakan tari kreasi baru di Sanggar Kamilau Intan Martapura karya Bapak Rhony Arifin S.Pd. Tari Tarhib Al-Banjary ini terbentuk berlandaskan tari sinoman hadrah yang menjadi akar inspirasi dari tari ini. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan proses penciptaan tari dan analisis koreografi Tari Tarhib Al-Banjary. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan koreografis dengan teknik kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa peninjauan secara langsung (observasi), wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah analisis koreografi Tari Tarhib Al-Banjary dimulai dari proses penemuan ide,eksplorasi, improvisasi. Adapun bentuk analisis terdiri atas judul karya, pola garap, iringan, tata rias dan busana serta properti. Tari Tarhib Al-Banjary memiliki keunikan dalam gerakan tarinya yang terdiri atas gerak tradisional dan kontemporer yang digabungkan menjadi sajian tari yang menarik. Dan juga penggunaan warna kostum yang mencolok membuat tari kreasi ini tidak jauh kesannya dari tari sinoman hadrah.
The Textual and Contextual Study of Lengger Banyumasan Dance Performance in Sea Alms Ceremony in Sidanegara Village
Authors: Salsabila Zaharani , Wiyoso Joko
Published: March 2024

The lengger Banyumasan performance at the sea alms ceremony in the village of Sidanegara is a folk art that is presented in a ritual culture of the community. These rituals affect textual and contextual values in the lengger dance performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the textual and contextual values in the lengger Banyumasan performance at the sea alms ceremony in the village of Sidanegara. Field data was processed using qualitative research methods and a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The data validity technique used is the triangulation technique. Data were analyzed using data reduction, presentation, and conclusion stages. The results show that the performance of the lengger Banyumasan dance at the sea alms ceremony has a performance pattern consisting of the lenggeran round which is included in the procession and tasyakuran evening and has a performance function consisting of individual functions that have spiritual values such as supplication, worship, and expression of gratitude to God Almighty, social functions consisting of entertainment and economic functions, as well as association or brotherhood functions. Suggestions from the researchers for artists to maintain cohesiveness to continue to develop and preserve the lengger Banyumasan art form.
Community Perception of Kuda Lumping Art in The Simpang Kiri Sub-District Subussalam City
Authors: Rahmawati Mifta , Maimun Maimun , Ali Hasbi
Published: March 2024

This research is about "public perception of kuda lumping art in Simpang Kiri District, Subulussalam city". The researcher tries to describe: (1) the implementation of kuda lumping art in Simpang Kiri District, Subulussalam city. (2) the public's perception of the presence of kuda lumping art in the city of Subulussalam. The purpose of this study was to find out the implementation and public perception of kuda lumping art. This research belongs to the type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach. While collecting data using interview techniques. Informants in this study amounted to 8 (eight) people. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of kuda lumping was performed by 8 or more young people who rode horses made of woven bamboo and then dressed in typical Javanese traditional dress and accompanied by musical instruments that were played on the spot. At the end of the event some players will experience a kind of possession. The community accepts the existence of kuda lumping art and is quite enthusiastic about watching this art. Of course, this art reaps good and bad responses from the community. But the community still accepts and expects the preservation of kuda lumping art. The conclusions of this study are: (1) The art of kuda lumping in its implementation is dancing using a piggyback made of woven bamboo directly accompanied by traditional Javanese musical instruments. (2) the art of Kuda Lumping is well received by the people of Subulussalam City without neglecting the existing arts.
Rasch Model Analysis: Development of Literacy Numeracy Assessment Instrument of Electromagnetic Induction
Authors: Susanti Nurul Apriani , Sarwi Sarwi , Aji Mahardika Prasetya
Published: March 2024

This research aimed to describe the validity of a numeracy literacy assessment instrument of electromagnetic induction based on minimum capability assessment (MCA) which was develop using Rasch model analysis assisted by Winstep software. The research employed the research and development design with a modified Mardapi model. The instrument was constructed by developing fifteen questions. The analysis of the instrument was utilized to measure the construct and item validity, reliability, item difficulty level, and item discriminatory. This research involved 32 participants in the small-scale test and 206 participants in the large-scale trial. The test result showed that the fifteen questions were suitable to use because it has values that meet the criteria for all measurement variables both on small scale and large-scale tests and could be assess students' numeracy literacy skills.
Symmetry Energy in the Inner Crust Region of Neutron Stars: A Study Around the Neutron Drip Density Point using the Compressed Liquid Drop Model
Authors: Sulistyani Eko Tri , Wisnuaji Yusuf Panji , Budhi Romy Hanang Setya
Published: March 2024

The properties of neutron star’s inner crust have been investigated using the Compressible Liquid Drop Model, particularly around the neutron drip density region, which is the boundary between the outer and inner crust. Symmetry energy in the equations of state SLy4 and BSk3 was calculated to determine the density data between the outer and inner crusts.  The properties of the inner crust can be understood through parameters such as the change in the number of nucleons in the atomic nucleus, the asymmetry parameter in surface energy, and volume energy. It was shown that the choice of the symmetry energy expansion coefficient (L) of order-1 results in a distinct energy range of 9-11 MeV within the neutron drip region. This contrasts significantly with the energy symmetry observed around saturation density, which reaches (30 ± 4) MeV in the reference models used. Furthermore, it was found that symmetry energy affects the neutron composition in the inner crust. As the density increases, neutron numbers rise, while proton counts exhibit relative stability within the range of 40 to 50 for each atomic nucleus. Importantly, we observe a marked decrease in proton fraction at the onset of the neutron drip region, where ???? ≅10 MeV, suggesting electron capture processes transforming protons into neutrons. This phenomenon contributes to the presence of neutron and free neutron gas layers within the inner crust.
The Effect of Brisk Walking Exercise on Changes in ESR Levels and CRP in Old Women with Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Anam Muhammad Saiful
Published: March 2024

Examination of the sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) is recommended as an initial examination in patients suspected of having symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Brisk walking is a form of moderate activity aerobic exercise using fast walking techniques for 20-30 minutes with an average speed of 4-6 km/hour. This training model is effective enough to increase the maximum capacity of the heart rate, stimulate muscle contraction, breakdown of glycogen and increase tissue oxygen. The method in this study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test – post-test group design without a control group. The sample in this research is 10 respondents. The data collection used was in the form of pre-test and post-test data using data analysis techniques using the independent sample t test and processed using the SPSS application version 20. The results showed 1) There was a significant effect between giving brisk walking exercise to ESR levels (mm/h) in elderly women with rheumatoid arthritis symptoms from the t-test results that the value of P <0.05. 2) There is a significant effect between giving brisk walking exercises on CRP (mg/L) levels in elderly women with rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, this can be seen from the results of the t-test that the value of P <0.05. 3) There is a significant effect between giving brisk walking exercise to ESR levels (mm/h) and CRP levels in elderly women with rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, this can be seen from the results of the t-test that both P <0.05.
The Effect of Physical Activity on Physical Fitness in Early Childhood
Authors: Santri Aski Ratna , Anggita Gustiana Mega
Published: March 2024

In the era of digital life, it provides convenience in various aspects of life. Children familiar with gadgets tend to prefer playing with them or choosing to watch. This raises sedentary behaviour in children so that children do less physical activity and can trigger other diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, respiratory, psychological, etc. This research is a literature study that discusses the effects of physical activity on children's health. The primary literature consists of 15 national and international journals. The results showed that physical activity has a positive effect in terms of health and academics.
Adolescencia y socialización: construcciones desde el rap
Authors: Gonçalves da Silva Cláudia Yaísa , Fernandes da Motta Ivonise
Published: March 2024

This paper seeks to identify the expression of socialization in rap lyrics, reflecting its possible results and influence for adolescents from peripheral communities. It is a qualitative and documentary research that analyzed musical excerpts from São Paulo rap, based on the theoretical framework of the English psychoanalyst D. W. Winnicott. It was found that rappers tend to assume the role of identification models for this population, who share experiences that support a relationship of brotherhood, belonging and that contribute to the organization of personal identity. It was concluded that the musical genre of rap can act as a facilitator of the socialization experience of adolescents from peripheral communities, also contributing to the emotional development of this population.
Variables predictoras del inicio y del abandono de la prostitución en mujeres pobres dominicanas
Authors: Manjarres Herrera Andrea , Gimeno Collado Adelina , González Sala Francisco
Published: March 2024

The objectives of the present study were to know what factors differentiate women who in poverty practice prostitution from those who do not practice it and what factors differentiate women who decide not to continue practicing prostitution from those who continue to practice it. The sample consisted of a total of 308 women from the Dominican Republic with an average age of 25.46 years, of which 200 were in poverty and 108 women in poverty and prostitution. The results indicate different psychosocial profiles between women who start prostitution compared to those who do not practice it and between women who leave prostitution and those who continue to practice it. While a greater number of children, having a partner and a better family climate predict the initiation of prostitution in women affected by poverty, a lower age and lower confidence predict the abandonment of prostitution. It can be concluded that in the Dominican context, among poor women, the sociodemographic variables related to being a mother, having a partner and age are relevant variables both in the exercise and in the abandonment of prostitution.
Vulnerabilidad para ejercer el autocuidado en Cartagena
Authors: Melguizo Herrera Estela , Marta Marta , Manrique-Anaya Yolima
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Latin American families have presented transformations that affect their members in practicing self-care of health exposed to vulnerability of care in the different situations or events of daily life. Dorotea Orem in her theory mentions that the Basic Conditioning Factors allow to evaluate the condition of vulnerability of peoples and families.Objective: To know the vulnerability to exercise self-care in families in two localities of the area of influence of the Primary Care Center of the Universidad de Cartagena (University of Cartagena) in 2019. Methodology: Descriptive study. Population made up of 29 families from which a sample of 132 people was taken. Sampling was random. A single survey was conducted to investigate the basic determinants and the Care Vulnerability Index.  Descriptive statistics were applied. Ethical aspects were considered. Results: 61% of the participants were women, of these, 40% were in adult life.  90% of participants feel developed according to their life cycle, 77% of women emphasized that gender is not an obstacle to exercise self-care, 80% of the people said that the environment favors their self-care, they have enough time and resources to maintain self-care say 65% and 49%. The Care Vulnerability Index was maximum 0.23 points. People can identify the basic factors that provide them an effective health management. Conclusions: Adults and older adults perceive maintaining their basic factors according to their perception of the environment and family support.
The Views of Students Regarding the Use of Virtual Reality Applications in Elementary Science Classes
Authors: Urhan Osman , Akpinar Ercan
Published: March 2024

Recently, Virtual reality (VR) technologies have started to be used increasingly in the field of education, as in many other fields. With the widespread use of virtual reality applications, there is a need to investigate the effects of virtual reality applications in the field of education. The results obtained from these researches can contribute to the creation of effective and efficient virtual reality-supported learning environments. VR applications, one of the technology-supported learning environments, come to the forefront to help students learn concepts more easily and permanently. Since VR is very new and not a common practice in classrooms yet, it is necessary and important to investigate how VR can be used in science lessons and students’ views on these practices. The main goals of this study were to develop the Virtual Reality Solar System Model (VRSSM) for the unit “Sun System and Eclipses” for the 6th grade students and to find out what the students think about using virtual reality applications in science classes. This is a qualitative study and 16 students participated in this study and used the VRSSM. The semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool. The data was analyzed using content and descriptive analysis. The results of this research revealed that the students want VR to be used not only in science lessons but also in other lessons, they think that the knowledge they have gained is permanent and that they believe that this application can increase their science achievement. Additionally, students think that the application increases their interest in science lessons and affects their learning positively.
Discursividad e historia en las vanguardias centroamericanas
Authors: Bonilla Navarro José Francisco
Published: March 2024

An approach is offered for the study of discursive manifestations of the avant-garde historical movements in Central American literature to delimit their aesthetic, ideological and thematic features in comparison with the aesthetic framework of the Spanish American avant-garde. Works by four writers are analyzed: Rafael Arévalo Martínez and Luis Cardoza y Aragón, in Guatemala; José Coronel Urtecho and Pablo Antonio Cuadra, in Nicaragua. The analysis of the texts attempts to fill a void that Central American literary criticism has not addressed for several decades, perhaps due to the lack of institutionalization that these artistic manifestations had in Central American countries.
The Need to Empower Future Teachers
Authors: Fallas Escobar Christian
Published: March 2024

Se plantea y analiza la pertinencia de que los programas de formación de profesores de inglés guíen a los practicantes para elaborar su propia filosofía de enseñanza y estar en condiciones de evaluar su propia práctica profesional. Estos programas deben adoptar un modelo reflexivo que prepare a los profesores para desarrollar una pedagogía conforme a las necesidades diversas y cambiantes de los estudiantes.This article addresses the need for teacher-education programs to guide student-teachers in defining their teaching philosophy and developing the skills required to reflect upon and assess their own teaching practices. Thus these future teachers will be able to adapt their teaching practices to cater to their learners’ diverse and changing needs.
The In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Hygroexpansional Properties of Paper
Authors:   Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Salmén Lennart , Fellers Christer ,   Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Htun Myat ,   Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory
Published: March 2024

This paper describes some studies of the effects of drying restraints and sheet density on the in-plane and out-of-plane hygroexpansivity of paper. It is shown that drying restraints in the RTE range, i.e. between 20% and 0% moisture content, greatly influence hygroexpansivity, with in-plane hygroexpansivity being lower the lower the RH to which the paper has been dried under restraint. For sheets of high density, the volume expansivity is not of affected by the drying restraint, and the reduction in in-plane hygroexpansivity is compensated by an increase in out-of-plane hygroexpansivity. For freely dried sheets both the in-plane and the out-of-plane hygroexpansivity increase with increasing density. The volume hygroexpansivity at various densities is similar to that for wood of the same density. For sheets dried under restraint the density has only a slight influence on the in-plane hygroexpansivity. The out-of-plane hygroexpansivity is higher than for freely dried sheets but includes changes which are probably irreversible, particularly at low densities.
The Relationship Between Strength and Light Scattering Coefficient for Filled Papers
Authors:   English China Clays International, Brown R.
Published: March 2024

The apparent light scattering coefficient of a filler can be shown to be dependent on pulp type, freeness and sheet forming conditions . This is because a large part of this apparent light scattering is in fact due to the effect filter has on pulp. In this paper an attempt is made to provide a mechanistic model for the interaction and provide a quantitative expression relating light scattering to the effect of filler on the fibre as represented by the change in sheet strength. Examples are given of the use of this model to explain the effects of changes in wet pressing pressure and filler aggregation on the apparent light scattering of the filler.
On the Dry and Wet Surface Strengths of Coated Paper
Authors:   Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Paper Technology Department, Pettersson Irene , Rigdah Mikael ,   Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Paper Technology Department, Fineman Ingrid ,   Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Paper Technology Department, Engström Gunnar ,   Swedish Forest Products Research Laboratory, Paper Technology Department
Published: March 2024

Lack of surface strength in coated paper can cause significant problems both in offset printing and in different converting operations. Several factors can influence this surface strength. The first part of this paper summarizes previous work concerning the relation between the mechanical properties of the coating film itself and the dry surface strength of coated paper. From studies including both clay and CaC03 pigments, it was concluded that both the in-plane mechanical properties of the coating films and the dry surface strength were to a large degree determined by the choice of pigments and the type of styrene-butadiene (SB) copolymer used as binder. The difference between clay-based and CaCO3-based coatings was of special interest in this study. The second part of this paper describes a laboratory method for measuring the wet strength of coated paper. The method has been applied to paper coated with either clay or CaC03, the coatings being bonded with different amounts of SB. The fracture in the coating in the wet state is shallow and, contrary to the fracture in a dry coating, does not penetrate down to the base paper. The particles removed are also rather small, typically 10-30 4m in diameter. Paper coated with CaC03 had a higher wet surface strength than paper coated with clay. This may be due to a higher degree of adhesion between CaC03 and SB than between clay and SB, which would yield a higher water resistance.
Sizing and its Effect of Paper-Polymer Adhesion
Authors:   IBM Corporation, Information Products Division, Borch J.
Published: March 2024

Using simple, joint-strength measurements, the bond between printing papers and various thermoplastic-polymer formulations is defined. It is demonstrated that the bond strength to the paper-polymer interface strongly depends on the sizing processes with which the paper has been treated during manufacturing. Increased amounts of rosin sizes and synthetic, cellulose reactive sizing agents both lower the paper-polymer adhesion. However, the effect is more pronounced for synthetic-sizing agents, as also demonstrated by Swanson and others for extrusion-coated papers and board. The decrease in bonding strength correlates with a decrease in paper wettability, as measured by capillary penetration of organic liquids of suitable surface tension, or as defined by surface energetics using the elution gas-chromatography technique.
Sizing mechanisms and the effect of fillers
Authors:   Laurel Research Center, Westvaco Corporation, Marton Joseph
Published: March 2024

The mechanism of sizing with soluble rosin soap size differs from the sizing mechanism of dispersed rosin acid size. Cationic fixing agent has to be used with the latter size to assure proper attachment of the size to furnish components. The problem of size attachment is not unlike that for the alkaline AKD size emulsion. The relative extent of attachment is assessed by a high shear stirring test. Sizing involves a complex array of interactions in which surface reactions play an important role. The large surface area fines and fillers in the furnish reduce sizing efficacy. Size accumulates on fillers/fines to a higher extent than expected from surface area alone. On the basis of experimentally determined adsorptivities, size distribution in a furnish can be estimated. Size on fiber appears to be more efficient than on fillers/fines, compared at equal surface coverage. This requires that we minimize the amount of fine particulates in the furnish. Fillers/fines capture a significant amount of applied size; thus, first pass fillers/fines retention has to be maximized to retain size in the sheet. Size distribution also can be affected by the proper choice of process conditions.
Neutral Sizing and the Mechanism of Alkyl Ketene Dimer Sizing
Authors:   Department of Paper Science University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Roberts J. C. , Garner D. N. ,   Department of Paper Science University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Akpabio U.D. ,   Department of Paper Science University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Published: March 2024

The principle of reactive sizing is discussed, and the variety of sizes which have been considered is reviewed. The reactivity of tetradecyl ketene dieter towards water and model compounds for cellulose has been shown to be very low and the results suggest that very little ß -keto ester formation would be expected under normal papermaking conditions. A study has also been made of the retention of C-14 labelled tetradecyl ketene dimer in laboratory handsheets, and of the degree of sizing which is induced. The results show that the dieter is present in the sheet predominantly in its unreacted form, but that a small percentage is present in a form which is not amenable to extraction by chloroform. This residual size exerts a considerable sizing effect, and the amount present in the sheet is related to the curing conditions used. The nature of the unextractable material has been studied by mild hydrolysis and the results are compatible with a low level of ß -keto ester formation. Comparisons have been made with C-14 labelled hexadecyl hexadecanoate, a compound of similar structure and physical characteristics but which is unable to undergo reaction with cellulose. A study has also been made of the influence of aluminium sulphate on alkyl ketene dieter sizing. The retention of size in sheets made in the presence of aluminium sulphate is reduced, but not to a sufficiently low level to account for the loss in sizing which is observed. An explanation in terms of the inhibition of reaction of the dieter with cellulose as a result of adsorbed aluminium species is proposed.
The Chemistry of Aluminum Salts in Papermaking: II Influence on the Adsorption of a Cationic Polyelectrolyte
Authors:   The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wisconsin, Crow Roger D. , Stratton Robert A. ,   The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Appleton, Wisconsin
Published: March 2024

The adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte onto cellulose fibers in the presence of aluminum species was investigated. Solutions of either aluminum chloride or aluminum sulfate (alum) were used in the pH range 4.1-5.5. An apparatus was designed to simulate the mixing and turbulent conditions and to permit the short polyelectrolyte adsorption times found on typical paper machines. The effect of the aluminum species on the polymer adsorption depended on their concentration, counter-ion, pH, and time. From a knowledge of the equilibria of the aqueous aluminum species, it was possible to identify two distinct pH regions for aluminum and polyelectrolyte adsorption. At low pH, only soluble aluminum species were present and both aluminum salts reduced the rate and amount of polymer adsorption. At high pH the two aluminum salts formed distinctly different precipitates having very different effects upon polymer adsorption. The adsorption characteristics of each region are discussed and related to papermaking.
Discharge Time of Day and 30-day Hospital Reutilization at an Academic Children’s Hospital
Authors: Lee Jimin , Fazzari Melissa J. , Rinke Michael L.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Pediatric hospital discharge is a complex process. Although morning discharges are operationally preferred, little is known about the association between discharge time of day and discharge outcomes. We assessed whether children discharged from the hospital in the evening have a higher 30-day hospital reutilization rate than those discharged in the morning or afternoon.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study on discharges from a children’s hospital between July 2016 and December 2019. The cohort was divided into morning, afternoon, and evening discharges. Multivariable modified least-squares regression was used to compare 30-day all-cause hospital reutilization rates between morning, afternoon, and evening discharges while adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics.

RESULTS

Among 24 994 hospital discharges, 6103 (24.4%) were in the morning, 13 786 (55.2%) were in the afternoon, and 5105 (20.4%) were in the evening. The unadjusted 30-day hospital reutilization rates were 14.1% in children discharged in the morning, 18.2% in children discharged in the afternoon, and 19.3% in children discharged in the evening. The adjusted 30-day hospital reutilization rate was lowest in the morning (6.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.1%–8.2%), followed by afternoon (9.0%, 95% CI 7.0%–11.0%) and evening discharges (10.1%, 95% CI 8.0%–12.3%). Morning discharge had a significantly lower adjusted 30-day all-cause hospital reutilization rate compared with evening discharge (P < .001), whereas afternoon and evening discharges were not significantly different (P = .06).

CONCLUSIONS

The adjusted 30-day all-cause hospital reutilization rate was higher for evening discharges compared with morning discharges, whereas the rate was not significantly different between afternoon and evening discharges.
Una experiencia sistematizada de implementación de SoTL
Authors: Veas Alfaro Maribel , Covarrubias Apablaza Carmen Gloria , González Marino Israel
Published: March 2024

Si bien la literatura ha demostrado el valor de SoTL, es necesario avanzar hacia lineamientos de cómo llevarlo a cabo. Por ello, se presenta una experiencia sistematizada de implementación de SoTL, en el contexto de una comunidad de aprendizaje profesional. La experiencia se asienta en tres pilares: motivación, colaboración e interdisciplina; y contempla cuatro etapas: planificación, ejecución, evaluación y reflexión que se complejizan y enriquecen continuamente. Los resultados de la experiencia sistematizada se traducen en la participación en instancias de encuentro académico y publicaciones en revistas y libros colectivos. Se concluye que los aportes de SoTL son incuestionables en el ámbito de la educación superior y que la sistematización de la experiencia presentada permite identificar etapas claramente diferenciadas, actividades concretas y desplegadas con niveles de complejidad ascendente. Esto podría contribuir a orientar el quehacer de quienes se inician o quieren avanzar en la adopción de SoTL. De todas formas, la propuesta constituye una primera aproximación sujeta a revisión y mejora, de manera que su idoneidad y consistencia tendrá que ser objeto de validación y puesta a prueba.
Innovación docente en carreras STEM: Centros de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la co-creación de valor
Authors: Bravo Nicolás , Arrosamena José , Zurita Enzo
Published: March 2024

La presente investigación busca estimar el impacto de un modelo concursable de gestión de innovaciones docentes, mediado por un centro de en- señanza y aprendizaje, en la Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas de la Universidad de Chile. Se analizan 47 proyectos ejecutados durante el período 2021-2022 para identificar las temáticas que abordan, las estrategias que adoptan y los contextos en que se ejecutan. El diseño consideró la aplicación de 10 entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes que se adjudicaron los fondos para evaluar sus percepciones sobre la iniciativa. Se observa que una gran cantidad de los proyectos adjudicados durante el año 2021 se orientaron a la adaptación de cátedras a la virtualidad, mientras que los proyectos del año 2022 se enfocan en la formación de competencias y habilidades específicas. Además, los docentes declaran la necesidad de mayor inserción estudiantil en el proceso, como también desarro- llar medios de difusión de las innovaciones pedagógicas.
Mapas de innovación educativa: territorios y redes en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Authors: Parra R. Jaime , Barrero T. Gabriel , Ramírez Gamboa Andrés
Published: March 2024

Las universidades públicas latinoamericanas se enfrentan al gran desafío de aumentar la equidad en oportunidades educativas de todos los estudiantes sin importar sus orígenes étnicos, capacidades o diferencias en sus historias escolares previas al ingreso universitario. El artículo presenta una herramienta cartográfica que permite caracterizar de manera exploratoria la innovación educativa en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia UNAL, desde una visión ecosistémica, y cuya información visualizada contribuye a activar innovaciones educativas que favorecen la equidad en oportunidades educativas. Los resultados muestran que las innovaciones que experimentan con currículos y métodos pedagógicos que integran la reflexión conceptual con el trabajo experiencial de campo y en territorios, desde los primeros semestres, promovidas por profesores que participan en redes de colaboración pedagógica, desde un modo democrático de gestión del conocimiento, contribuyen a la inclusión educativa. Así mismo, se encuentra que un factor clave de movilización de innovaciones en vías de la equidad educativa es el reconocimiento social de iniciativas de cambio educativo de personas o de grupos, en las sedes de presencia nacional, que no han sido generadas desde convocatorias o con recursos institucionales
Contabilidad ambiental en las universidades del Cauca- Colombia
Authors: Hoyos Castañeda Judy Melissa
Published: March 2024

Generar procesos académicos que permitan reconocer la problemática ambiental desde áreas de conocimiento económico en las instituciones de educación superior como la contaduría pública, permite a los individuos en formación reconocer un pano- rama más amplio e incluir variables sociales y ambientales que inicialmente no están insertas en su profesión. El estudio tuvo como objetivo reconocer los elementos claves que configuran un proceso de inserción de la dimensión ambiental en las universidades del Cauca por medio de la aplicación de metodología de tipo cualitativo- hermenéutico. Para la recolección de los datos se tomó en cuenta el currículo universitario y a los docentes en las universidades como parte de un complejo sistema que alude a la formación de profesionales comprometidos con su entorno. Como resultado se muestra un proceso insipiente de la inserción de la dimensión ambiental en los ámbitos educativos en las universidades con relación a programas de índole económico contable.