bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Küçük Çocukların Ev Aritmetik Ortamlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Avcı Kerem , Akman Berrin
Published: January 2024

Ev ortamları, çocukların hayatta kalma ve gelişmesinde kilit bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu sebeple çocukların okul dışındaki yaşamlarının büyük çoğunluğunu geçirdikleri evin, aritmetik ortamının bilinmesi ve çocukların matematik becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik düzenlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Küçük çocukların ev aritmetik ortamlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla uygun örnekleme yönteminin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada, kesitsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, ev aritmetik ortamını belirlemek için bir ölçme aracının Türk Kültürüne ve Türkçe diline uyarlanması yapılarak bu ölçme aracından elde edilen puanların geçerlik ve güvenlikleri hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca ölçme aracından elde edilen toplam puanlar ile bağımsız değişkenler arasında ilişki olup olmadığının araştırılması için hiyerarşik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Faktör analizi, “Ev Aritmetik Ortamı Tarama Aracı (EAOTA)”nın tek faktörlü bir yapı oluşturduğunu göstermiştir. Ölçekten elde edilen puanların ise güvenilir sonuçlar verdiğini sonucuna ulaşılmıştır (α:.72). Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonuçları; yaş, çocuğun kendi odasının olması, sosyo-ekonomik düzeyin, EAOTA toplam puanlarındaki varyansın önemli bir açıklayıcısı olduğunu işaret etmiştir (p<.05).
Antibacterial and Chemical Properties of Sr-BDC∞ Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)
Authors: Vodyashkin A. A. , Kezimana P. , Mbarga J. A. А. , Putirskaya M. Y. , Stanishevskiy Ya. M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. In this work, Sr-BDC MOFs were obtained by a simple solvothermal process without the use of elevated pressure. This method is easily scalable and does not require any special equipment. In this work, the crystals obtained from the synthesis were studied by Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the obtained materials were analysed for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and against Gram-negative bacteria.

Aim. During this work, the main objective was to comparatively evaluate the antibacterial properties of Sr-BDC MOFs activated by different methods (and without activation).

Materials and methods. In this work we used a solvothermal process using terephthalic acid, strontium nitrate and dimethylformamide. The peculiarity of this method is the absence of autoclaving in the synthesis process. Optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used for characterization. Also, to study the antibacterial properties, a medium diffusion test was performed. The combination of these methods will help to establish the relationship between the method of activation and the biological activity of the resulting materials.

Results and discussion. In this work, the chemical structure of Sr-BDC MOFs was studied by Raman spectroscopy. The influence of the activation method on the chemical structure of MOFs was studied. It was found that the characteristic peaks of Raman spectroscopy can be used to confirm the removal of solvent (DMFA) from the crystal structure. In addition, tests on the manifestation of antibacterial activity were carried out for MOFs with different activation method. The MIC and MBC were established for each sample.

Conclusion. In the course of the work the effect of the activation method on the chemical structure of Sr-BDC MOFs was shown. We also found that the activation method could affect the biological activity of the obtained MOFs. It was also demonstrated that MOFs exhibit different antibacterial activities depending on the type of bacteria, which can be primarily related to the composition of the cell wall of microorganisms.
Creative Writing for EFL Classroom: A Perspective from Higher Education
Authors: Mardiningrum Arifah , Sistyawan Yan Nisa Intan , Wirantaka Andi
Published: January 2024

Within the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context of higher education, there is a discernible emphasis on academic writing, often overshadowing the realm of creative writing. Nevertheless, creative writing remains a prevalent and integral component of EFL education. This study endeavors to scrutinize the perceptions of EFL students regarding creative writing and elucidate the potential benefits derived from its practice. Employing a qualitative approach, the research conducted in-depth interviews as its primary mode of data collection, engaging six students enrolled in an English Education Study Program in Indonesia. These students had actively chosen to participate in an elective course centered on literary works. The study's findings revealed nuanced perspectives among students, highlighting the intricacies associated with creative writing. Students perceive creative writing as intriguing, underscoring the necessity for its inclusion in higher education. Simultaneously, they acknowledge its potential difficulty and emphasize the importance of clarity in its instructional delivery. Furthermore, the research discerned that creative writing serves as a valuable tool for emotional expression, a conduit for the development of creativity and imagination, and a means to refine writing and language skills. The implications of these findings extend beyond the conventional realm of language mastery, emphasizing the multifaceted advantages that creative writing offers in an educational context. Consequently, educators in higher education are urged to deliberate and meticulously plan the incorporation of language in creative writing classes or activities. Recognizing and leveraging the broader educational benefits of creative writing can enhance the pedagogical approach, fostering a more comprehensive and enriching learning experience for EFL students.
The Impact of Mobile-Assisted Hybrid Dynamic Assessment on Arabic Language Leaners’ Reading Comprehension Performance
Authors: Mustiah Mustiah , Dayat Dayat , Sadek Nihal
Published: January 2024

Dynamic assessment is unity of assessment and instruction based on the sociocultural theory in which mediation is gradually provided to promote the cognitive development.   This study mainly aimed to explore the quantitative and qualitative impact of mobile-assisted hybrid dynamic assessment (MAHDA) on Islamic religious Education (IRE) learners’ Arabic reading comprehension (ARC). This recent study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design and involved twenty participants assigned into experimental and control groups. All groups received pre-and post-tests to compare the intervention. The experimental group was mediated through the MAHDA procedure for two months and the control group received conventional instruction. The interview with the participants was also conducted to assess the learners’ perception of the mediation strategies of MAHDA. The pre- and post-test were analyzed by t-test and the transcribed interviews were thematically analyzed. Quantitatively, the results showed a meaningful distinction between the two groups. It highlighted that MAHDA was significantly effective to enhance the learners’ knowledge of ARC. The qualitative findings also indicated that the participants felt satisfied with the MAHDA in improving the learners’ ARC abilities and social interaction. One of the implications of this research is to promote the use of mobile learning as mediation DA framework to teach various features of Arabic including reading comprehension of Arabic. Further research is required MAHDA with a larger site and samples to generate the effectiveness of MAHDA.
Intra-species variability in migratory movement of hawksbill turtles in the southwest Indian Ocean
Authors: Nivière M , Dalleau M , Bourjea J , Jean C , Ciccione S , Mortimer JA , Didon V , Rowat D , Rocamora G , Ranaivoson R , Mahafina J , Randriamiharisoa LO , Barichasse E , Bousquet O , Barat A , Laforge A , Ballorain K
Published: January 2024

Implementing effective conservation measures to manage migratory populations is challenging, especially in a relatively inaccessible dynamic environment such as the ocean. With limited financial and human resources, efforts must be intelligently prioritized to achieve conservation success and reduce uncertainties of conservation efforts. The southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) hosts some of the world’s most important breeding grounds for the Critically Endangered hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata. However, knowledge gaps remain about the movement patterns of this species. Between 2007 and 2022, we deployed 17 satellite tags onto hawksbill turtles from scattered locations in the SWIO: 16 nesting females—Granitic Islands, Seychelles (n = 9); north Madagascar (n = 5); Moheli, Comoros (n = 1); Juan de Nova, Terres australes et antarctiques françaises (n = 1)—and 1 female bycaught in fisheries (east Madagascar). We found strong variability in migratory movements amongst individuals, particularly in terms of distance and movement persistence. Detailed analysis of movement persistence reveals that these individuals behave differently in neritic and oceanic habitats, with a lower movement persistence in neritic habitats. We identified a total of 12 foraging areas scattered throughout the SWIO, both in coastal and open-sea neritic habitats. These results reinforce the need to consider the importance of neritic habitats, for both migration and foraging, in conservation policies. The quantification of the degree of migratory variability is particularly important to developing conservation plans and strategies at both the national and international level, including the delineation of regional management units (RMUs) in the Indian Ocean.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Karyawan di PT Primayudha Mandirijaya Kabupaten Boyolali Jawa Tengah
Authors: Abadi Andhika Wijaya , Wijono Sutarto
Published: January 2024

Abstract : The purpose of the study was to determine whether there is a relationship between transformational leadership style and psychological well-being of permanent employees of the production department who work at PT. Primayudha Mandirijaya. This research uses quantitative methods and descriptive statistical analysis, with pearson product moment techniques. Determinant of non-probability sampling technique with a total sample of 83 permanent employees of the production department at PT. Primayudha Mandirijaya. The measuring instruments used in this study were the mulmultifactor leadership scale developed by Bass and Avolio (1995) and the psyho logical well-being scales developed by Ryff (1989). The results of the analysis were obtained with a number of 0,435 and a significance value of 0.000 (< p 0.05), meaning that there is a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership style and psychological well-being in permanent employees of the production department at PT. Primayudha Mandirijaya in Ampel, Boyolali District. This means that the higher the transformational leadership style, the higher the psychological well-being, conversely, the lower the transformational leadership style, the lower the psychological well-being.

Keywords: Transformational leadership, psychological well-being, production

department

Abstrak : Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dan kesejahteraan psikologis karyawan para karyawan tetap bagian produksi yang bekerja di PT. Primayudha Mandirijaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan analisa statistik deskriptif, dengan tehnik pearson product moment. Penentu teknik pengambilan sampel non probability sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 83 karyawan tetap bagian produksi di PT. Primayudha Mandirijaya. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mulmultifactor leadership scale yang dikembangkan oleh Bass dan Avolio (1995) dan psyhological well-being scales dikembangkan oleh Ryff (1989). Hasil analisa diperoleh dengan angka 0,435 dan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (< p 0,05) artinya terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dan kesejahteraan psikologis pada karyawan tetap bagian produksi di PT. Primayudha Mandirijaya di Ampel Kab. Boyolali. Artinya semakin tinggi gaya kepemimpinan transformasional maka semakin tinggi pula kesejahteraan psikologis, sebaliknya semakin rendah gaya kepemimpinan transformasional maka semakin rendah juga kesejahteraan psikologis.

Kata Kunci : Kepemimpinan transformasional, kesejahteraan psikologis, departemen produksi
Analisa Intensitas Penggunaan Media Sosial dan Adiksi Internet Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Bina Darma
Authors: Mawardah Mutia , Purnamasari Susan Dian , Meinamara Avia
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The objective of this study is to establish the correlation between the level of social media usage and internet addiction among students at Bina Darma University, exploring the contributing factors and negative consequences of internet addiction on afflicted students. The hypothesis posits that there exists a connection between the intensity of social media usage and internet addiction among Bina Darma University students. The research employs a mixed-method approach, with a sample size comprising 226 students from Bina Darma University, and three students participating in interviews. Data collection utilizes purposive sampling, and the measurement tools include the social media usage intensity scale and the internet addiction scale. The analytical method applied in this research involves simple regression analysis. The findings reveal a highly significant relationship between the intensity of social media usage and internet addiction in Bina Darma University students, indicated by a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.205, a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.042, and a p-value of 0.002 (p<0.001) in the simple regression test.

Keywords: analysis, intensity, social media, internet addiction

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi korelasi antara tingkat intensitas penggunaan media sosial dan adiksi internet pada mahasiswa Universitas Bina Darma. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi faktor penyebab dan dampak negatif dari adiksi internet pada mahasiswa yang terkena dampaknya. Hipotesis penelitian menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara intensitas penggunaan media sosial dan adiksi internet pada mahasiswa Universitas Bina Darma. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah metode kombinasi (Mixed Method). Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 226 mahasiswa Universitas Bina Darma, sementara tiga mahasiswa diwawancarai sebagai subjek penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik purposive sampling, dengan menggunakan skala intensitas penggunaan media sosial dan skala adiksi internet sebagai alat ukur. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara intensitas penggunaan media sosial dan adiksi internet pada mahasiswa Universitas Bina Darma, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,205, koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,042, dan nilai p = 0,002 (p<0,001) pada uji regresi sederhana.

Kata kunci: analisis, intensitas, media sosial, adiksi internet
EXPLORING ENGLISH TEACHING TECHNIQUE USED FOR YOUNG LEARNERS
Authors: Hanum Rohmania , Maskhurin Fajarina
Published: January 2024

This research aims to explore the importance of teaching English to young learners. Currently, English language education is not limited to high schools but also extends to young learners' education, both in Indonesia and in other countries. In fact, it is more advantageous to begin learning English at a young age because young learners are in their golden age, during which their memory is exceptionally sharp, facilitating the memorization and learning of new concepts. Prioritizing English language education for young learners is crucial as it equips children with the proficiency in English language skills required for their subsequent levels of education. The research methodology used in this study includes observation, documentation, interviews, and field notes. The results of this research indicate that the process of teaching English to young learners involves a structured lesson plan arranged by the tutor and language materials provided by the Oxford University Press. Teaching techniques for young learners include cooperative learning, the direct method, total physical response, the grammar-translation method, and drilling. Effective teaching media for young learners include flashcards and educational games. Challenges in teaching English to young learners include crowded classrooms, limited individual attention, and complexity. However, supportive factors include creating an English-immersive environment.
MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IN SNOW WHITE AND THE SEVEN DWARFS STORY
Authors: Wibowo Hanafi , Handayani Vina
Published: January 2024

This research discusses an analysis of the use of word formation in Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs Story. The aims of this research are to find out types of the word formation process in the text. writer. The writer uses classified the data analysis method. To examine the data, researchers used a descriptive qualitative approach. In this research, the researcher collects the data sources from narrative texts that have word formation processes in them. in collecting the data, in this study the researchers will use primary data. The primary data contains data obtained directly by observing or observing the data source. Based on the theories provided, the data are analyzed one by one to know the types of the word formation in Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs Story. Based on the finding and discussion that answered to first problem questions above the researcher were found 84 data of word formation process in Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs Story. There were 42 data of Verb Inflection or 50%, Derivational of Adjective 17 data or 20%, Compounding Word 11 data or 13%, Derivational of Noun 4 data or 5%, Derivational of Verb 2 data or 2%, Derivational of Number 1 data or 1,1%, and there were 0 data of Inflectional of Adjective and Inflectional of Adverb. In this research the word formation process most used was Verb Inflection.
SLANG WORDS USED IN NOVEL “HARRY POTTER AND THE CHAMBER OF SECRETS” BY J.K. ROWLING
Authors: Zulindra Ryan Achmad Kusuma , Apriyanti Fitri , Buansari Istihayyu
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research was to identify the different types of slang words and their meanings. Slang is an informal word that is often used by a certain group of people and usually differs in each region, so it is necessary to be researched to enjoy reading novel from a foreign country. The data was analyzed by reading the whole novel and looking for phrases that reflected slang words. The method used in this research was qualitative textual analysis and theories from experts. The theories used in this research were based on (Leech, 1974) seven types of slang word meaning: conceptual, connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning, collocative meaning, and thematic meaning, as well as (Connie C. Elbe, 1996) examines that slang is an ever-changing set of colloquial words and phrases that speaker use to establish or reinforce a social identity of cohesiveness within a group or with a trend or fashion in society at large. The result of the research showed that there are sixty eights slang expressions were examined, and the slang words meanings discovered in this research were mostly expressed by their denotative meanings.
Establishment of a mandible defect model in rabbits infected with multiple bacteria and bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Su Jun , Xu Chong-yan , Li Yan-bo , Hu Tong , Li Yi , Yang Li , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Wen-yun
Published: January 2024

Objective: A model of chronic infectious mandibular defect (IMD) caused by mixed infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was established to explore the occurrence and development of IMD and identify key genes by transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.

Methods:S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were diluted to 3 × 108 CFU/mL, and 6 × 3 × 3 mm defects lateral to the Mandibular Symphysis were induced in 28 New Zealand rabbits. Sodium Morrhuate (0.5%) and 50 μL bacterial solution were injected in turn. The modeling was completed after the bone wax closed; the effects were evaluated through postoperative observations, imaging and histological analyses. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed to investigate the function of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

Results: All rabbits showed characteristics of infection. The bacterial cultures were positive, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Cone beam CT and histological analyses showed inflammatory cell infiltration, pus formation in the medullary cavity, increased osteoclast activity in the defect area, and blurring at the edge of the bone defect. Bioinformatics analysis showed 1,804 DEGs, 743 were upregulated and 1,061 were downregulated. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs were enriched in immunity and osteogenesis inhibition, and the core genes identified by the PPI network were enriched in the Hedgehog pathway, which plays a role in inflammation and tissue repair; the MEF2 transcription factor family was predicted by IRegulon.

Conclusion: By direct injection of bacterial solution into the rabbit mandible defect area, the rabbit chronic IMD model was successfully established. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, we speculate that the Hedgehog pathway and the MEF2 transcription factor family may be potential intervention targets for repairing IMD.
“No one told me”: exploring factors influencing physical activity participation in Black Nova Scotian cancer survivors
Authors: Chiekwe C. Joy , Hamilton-Hinch Barbara , Grandy Scott A. , Fowles Jonathon , Keats Melanie R.
Published: January 2024

Background

Few studies have examined differences in cancer survivors' physical activity and exercise behaviors by race/ethnicity and none have explored this relationship in a Canadian context.

Purpose

To explore the underlying factors that influence physical activity and exercise participation in African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) cancer survivors.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight ACB cancer survivors residing in Nova Scotia, Canada. Interviews broadly explored three main topics: (1) Exploring physical activity and exercise knowledge; (2) Barriers and facilitators to physical activity and exercise; and (3) Perceptions of cancer specific exercise trials and programs. Participant interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis.

Results

An overall storyline of “No One Told Me” along with four primary themes emerged from the participant interviews. Theme 1, “the journey” describes the lack of knowledge sharing between healthcare providers and cancer survivors. Theme 2, “what's there for me” unravels participants understanding of physical activity and exercise, knowledge of available support, and guidance to maintain and/or improve wellbeing through exercise. Theme 3, “one step at a time” spotlights participants thoughts and perceptions of participating in physical activity and exercise. Theme 4, “See ME,” considers recommendations to increase awareness and participating in physical activity and exercise trials/programs and the importance of providing safe and welcoming spaces for all.

Discussion

This study offers insight into the barriers confronted by ACB cancer survivors when considering participation in physical activity and exercise. Participants were largely aware of the benefits of being physically active but described a lack of perceived knowledge sharing and welcoming spaces. Further investigation is needed to identify strategies to improve representation of ACB cancer survivors in clinical exercise studies and community, cancer-specific exercise programming.
Microbiota affects mitochondria and immune cell infiltrations via alternative polyadenylation during postnatal heart development
Authors: Liu Xiang , Shao Yijia , Han Linjiang , Zhu Yuanting , Tu Jiazichao , Ma Jianrui , Zhang Ruyue , Yang Zhen , Chen Jimei
Published: January 2024

There is a growing body of evidence supporting the significant impact of microbiota on heart development. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a crucial mechanism for gene expression regulation and has been implicated in postnatal heart development. Nonetheless, whether microbiota can influence postnatal heart development through the regulation of APA remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted APA sequencing on heart tissues collected from specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice and germ-free (GF) mice at three different developmental stages: within the first 24 h after birth (P1), 7-day-old SPF mice, and 7-day-old GF mice. This approach allowed us to obtain a comprehensive genome-wide profile of APA sites in the heart tissue samples. In this study, we made a significant observation that GF mice exhibited noticeably longer 3ʹ untranslated region (3ʹ UTR) lengths. Furthermore, we confirmed significant alterations in the 3ʹ UTR lengths of mitochondria-related genes, namely Rala, Timm13, and Uqcc3. Interestingly, the GF condition resulted in a marked decrease in mitochondrial cristae density and a reduction in the level of Tomm20 in postnatal hearts. Moreover, we discovered a connection between Rala and Src, which further implicated their association with other differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Notably, most of the DEGs were significantly downregulated in GF mice, with the exceptions being Thbs1 and Egr1. Importantly, the GF condition demonstrated a correlation with a lower infiltration of immune cells, whereby the levels of resting NK cells, Th17 cells, immature dendritic cells, and plasma cells in GF mice were comparable to those observed in P1 mice. Furthermore, we established significant correlations between these immune cells and Rala as well as the related DEGs. Our findings clearly indicated that microbiota plays a vital role in postnatal heart development by affecting APA switching, mitochondria and immune cell infiltrations.
Uncertainty in humanities network visualization
Authors: Conroy Melanie , Gillmann Christina , Harvey Francis , Mchedlidze Tamara , Fabrikant Sara Irina , Windhager Florian , Scheuermann Gerik , Tangherlini Timothy R. , Warren Christopher N. , Weingart Scott B. , Rehbein Malte , Börner Katy , Elo Kimmo , Jänicke Stefan , Kerren Andreas , Nöllenburg Martin , Dwyer Tim , Eide Øyvind , Kobourov Stephen , Betz Gregor
Published: January 2024

Network visualization is one of the most widely used tools in digital humanities research. The idea of uncertain or “fuzzy” data is also a core notion in digital humanities research. Yet network visualizations in digital humanities do not always prominently represent uncertainty. In this article, we present a mathematical and logical model of uncertainty as a range of values which can be used in network visualizations. We review some of the principles for visualizing uncertainty of different kinds, visual variables that can be used for representing uncertainty, and how these variables have been used to represent different data types in visualizations drawn from a range of non-humanities fields like climate science and bioinformatics. We then provide examples of two diagrams: one in which the variables displaying degrees of uncertainty are integrated/pinto the graph and one in which glyphs are added to represent data certainty and uncertainty. Finally, we discuss how probabilistic data and what-if scenarios could be used to expand the representation of uncertainty in humanities network visualizations.
Students’ motivation to learn English: the importance of external influence on the ideal L2 self
Authors: Ishida Ayame , Manalo Emmanuel , Sekiyama Takashi
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The ideal second/foreign language (L2) self, a concept in second-language acquisition theory, is a learner’s future vision about their language ability. Research on the ideal L2 self is important for finding ways to improve motivation for learning a new language, foreign language teaching strategies, and personalization of instruction for individuals with different backgrounds and aspirations. The present study aimed to better understand the factors that might influence the ideal L2 self among Japanese elementary school students. While there have been numerous studies about the ideal L2 self in English language learning, few have focused on elementary school students’ motivation to learn English.

Methods

Data were collected from 225 4th- and 6th-grade elementary school students in Japan. The data were analyzed by performing t-tests and a hierarchical linear regression to understand the relationships between the pertinent variables and the ideal L2 self.

Results

The analysis results revealed three characteristics of the relationship between elementary school students’ English language skills and their ideal L2 selves. First, the results of the t-test suggested that international travel and English cram school experiences were differentiating factors for the ideal L2 self, suggesting that the groups of participants with and without those factors (experiences) had significantly different ideal L2 selves. Second, the experience of living abroad was not a significant differentiating factor for the ideal L2 self. Third, the results of the regression analysis suggested that school, home, and foreign media influences are significant contributors to the formation of the ideal L2 self. These factors may therefore subsume international travel and English cram school experiences.

Discussion

By understanding the factors that contribute to the ideal L2 self, educators and policymakers can strive to establish a more effective environment to improve students’ motivation to learn English.
Dose-response association between 24-hour total movement activity and testosterone deficiency in adult males
Authors: Wu Shenghao , Chen Wu , Cai Yaoyao , Xia Weiting
Published: January 2024

Background and objectives

Previous studies on the relationship between physical activity and testosterone are limited and controversial. Hence we investigated whether high level of physical activity is associated with a low risk of testosterone deficiency (TD).

Methods

This cross-sectional analysis was conducted in a representative sample of US adult males who participated in the 2011-2014 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used the monitor independent movement summary (MIMS) to assess activity intensity, a novel physical activity metrics developed using raw data collected by accelerometers. Multivariable regression and smooth curve fitting was used to describe the relationships between physical activity and TD, and segmented regression model were used to analyze the threshold effect between them. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using interaction and stratified analysis.

Results

A U-shaped relationship between daily MIMS units and risk of TD was observed. The optimal value of daily MIMS units for the lowest risk of TD was 14.77 (×103), the risk of TD decreased by 5% in patients per unit increase of daily MIMS units when daily MIMS units <14.77 (×103) (adjusted OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.91, 0.99), but increased by 12% per unit increase of daily MIMS units when daily MIMS units ≥14.77 (×103) (adjusted OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.23). In sensitivity analyses, the threshold effect was also similar according to baseline characteristics (P-interaction >0.05).

Conclusion

In a nationally representative sample of US adult males, light to moderate intensity physical activity is associated with a lower odds of TD, while high-intensity physical activity is associated with a higher risk of TD.
Optimal pricing strategies for distribution system operator in coupled power-transportation system
Authors: Lu Zehan , Yang Ninghui , Cui Yan , Du Peng , Tian Xincheng , Hu Zechun
Published: January 2024

The power grid and transportation network are coupled by the charging behavior of electric vehicles. Based on the coupled power-transportation network model, this paper first analyzes the effect of the distribution system operator’s (DSO) electricity selling price on guiding the charging behavior of electric vehicles in the transportation network and then builds the DSO’s optimal pricing formulation. Considering the competition between multiple charging network operators (CNOs), this paper establishes a game model between CNOs and solves it iteratively through the best response dynamic method. An approximation method using the elasticity matrix is proposed to speed up the solution by reducing the multi-layer optimization to a single layer one in each iteration, with its effectiveness validated through numerical tests. Furthermore, the paper discusses the issue of the prisoner’s dilemma that arises among CNOs and explores the potential impact of their cooperative strategies on the overall system.
Modeling the effect of observational social learning on parental decision-making for childhood vaccination and diseases spread over household networks
Authors: Oraby Tamer , Balogh Andras
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we introduce a novel model for parental decision-making about vaccinations against a childhood disease that spreads through a contact network. This model considers a bilayer network comprising two overlapping networks, which are either Erdős–Rényi (random) networks or Barabási–Albert networks. The model also employs a Bayesian aggregation rule for observational social learning on a social network. This new model encompasses other decision models, such as voting and DeGroot models, as special cases. Using our model, we demonstrate how certain levels of social learning about vaccination preferences can converge opinions, influencing vaccine uptake and ultimately disease spread. In addition, we explore how two different cultures of social learning affect the establishment of social norms of vaccination and the uptake of vaccines. In every scenario, the interplay between the dynamics of observational social learning and disease spread is influenced by the network’s topology, along with vaccine safety and availability.
Disentangling associations between multiple environmental exposures and all-cause mortality: an analysis of European administrative and traditional cohorts
Authors: Dimakopoulou Konstantina , Nobile Federica , de Bont Jeroen , Wolf Kathrin , Vienneau Danielle , Ibi Dorina , Coloma Fabián , Pickford Regina , Åström Christofer , Sommar Johan Nilsson , Kasdagli Maria-Iosifina , Souliotis Kyriakos , Tsolakidis Anastasios , Tonne Cathryn , Melén Erik , Ljungman Petter , de Hoogh Kees , Vermeulen Roel C. H. , Vlaanderen Jelle J. , Katsouyanni Klea , Stafoggia Massimo , Samoli Evangelia
Published: January 2024

Background

We evaluated the independent and joint effects of air pollution, land/built environment characteristics, and ambient temperature on all-cause mortality as part of the EXPANSE project.

Methods

We collected data from six administrative cohorts covering Catalonia, Greece, the Netherlands, Rome, Sweden, and Switzerland and three traditional cohorts in Sweden, the Netherlands, and Germany. Participants were linked to spatial exposure estimates derived from hybrid land use regression models and satellite data for: air pollution [fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), black carbon (BC), warm season ozone (O3)], land/built environment [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance to water, impervious surfaces], and ambient temperature (the mean and standard deviation of warm and cool season temperature). We applied Cox proportional hazard models accounting for several cohort-specific individual and area-level variables. We evaluated the associations through single and multiexposure models, and interactions between exposures. The joint effects were estimated using the cumulative risk index (CRI). Cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR) were combined using random-effects meta-analyses.

Results

We observed over 3.1 million deaths out of approximately 204 million person-years. In administrative cohorts, increased exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and BC was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (pooled HRs: 1.054, 1.033, and 1.032, respectively). We observed an adverse effect of increased impervious surface and mean season-specific temperature, and a protective effect of increased O3, NDVI, distance to water, and temperature variation on all-cause mortality. The effects of PM2.5 were higher in areas with lower (10th percentile) compared to higher (90th percentile) NDVI levels [pooled HRs: 1.054 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.030–1.079) vs. 1.038 (95% CI 0.964–1.118)]. A similar pattern was observed for NO2. The CRI of air pollutants (PM2.5 or NO2) plus NDVI and mean warm season temperature resulted in a stronger effect compared to single-exposure HRs: [PM2.5 pooled HR: 1.061 (95% CI 1.021–1.102); NO2 pooled HR: 1.041 (95% CI 1.025–1.057)]. Non-significant effects of similar patterns were observed in traditional cohorts.

Discussion

The findings of our study not only support the independent effects of long-term exposure to air pollution and greenness, but also highlight the increased effect when interplaying with other environmental exposures.
Identification and validation of hub genes and molecular classifications associated with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhong Fangmin , Yao Fangyi , Xu Shuai , Zhang Jing , Liu Jing , Wang Xiaozhong
Published: January 2024

Background

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a kind of malignant blood tumor, which is prone to drug resistance and relapse. This study aimed to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for CML.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by differential analysis of the CML cohort in the GEO database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify CML-related co-expressed genes. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to screen hub genes and construct a risk score model based on hub genes. Consensus clustering algorithm was used for the identification of molecular subtypes. Clinical samples and in vitro experiments were used to verify the expression and biological function of hub genes.

Results

A total of 378 DEGs were identified by differential analysis. 369 CML-related genes were identified by WGCNA analysis, which were mainly enriched in metabolism-related signaling pathways. In addition, CML-related genes are mainly involved in immune regulation and anti-tumor immunity, suggesting that CML has some immunodeficiency. Immune infiltration analysis confirmed the reduced infiltration of immune killer cells such as CD8+ T cells in CML samples. 6 hub genes (LINC01268, NME8, DMXL2, CXXC5, SCD and FBN1) were identified by LASSO regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed the high diagnostic value of the hub genes in the analysis and validation cohorts, and the risk score model further improved the diagnostic accuracy. hub genes were also associated with cell proliferation, cycle, and metabolic pathway activity. Two molecular subtypes, Cluster A and Cluster B, were identified based on hub gene expression. Cluster B has a lower risk score, higher levels of CD8+ T cell and activated dendritic cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint expression, and is more sensitive to commonly used tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Finally, our clinical samples validated the expression and diagnostic efficacy of hub genes, and the knockdown of LINC01268 inhibited the proliferation of CML cells, and promoted apoptosis.

Conclusion

Through WGCNA analysis and LASSO regression analysis, our study provides a new target for CML diagnosis and treatment, and provides a basis for further CML research.
Trypanosoma cruzi antigen detection in blood to assess treatment efficacy and cure in mice models of Chagas disease
Authors: de Araujo Fernanda Fortes , Nagarkatti Rana , Mazzeti Ana Lia , Gonçalves Karolina Ribeiro , Figueiredo Diniz Lívia de , Campos do Vale Isabela , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , Debrabant Alain , Bahia Maria Terezinha , Teixeira-Carvalho Andréa
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Although endemic mainly in Latin America, CD has become a global public health problem due to migration of infected individuals to non-endemic regions. Despite progress made in drug development, preclinical assays for drug discovery are required to accelerate the development of new drugs with reduced side effects, which are much needed for human treatment.

Methods

We used a cure model of infected mice treated with Fexinidazole (FZ) to further validate a novel Enzyme Linked Aptamer (ELA) assay that detects parasite biomarkers circulating in the blood of infected animals.

Results

The ELA assay showed cure by FZ in ~71% and ~77% of mice infected with the VL-10 and Colombiana strains of T. cruzi, respectively. The ELA assay also revealed superior treatment efficacy of FZ compared to Benznidazole prior to immunosuppression treatment.

Discussion

Our study supports the use of ELA assay as an alternative to traditional serology or blood PCR to assess the efficacy of antichagasic drugs during their preclinical phase of development. Further, the combination of high sensitivity and ease of use make this parasite antigen detection assay an attractive new tool to facilitate the development of much needed new therapies for CD.
Sub-optimal temperatures lead to altered expression of stress-related genes and increased ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ accumulation in potato psyllid
Authors: Fisher Tonja W. , Munyaneza Joseph E. , Brown Judith K.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli is the insect vector of the fastidious bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’. The bacterium infects both B. cockerelli and plant species, causing zebra chip (ZC) disease of potato and vein-greening disease of tomato. Temperatures are known to influence the initiation and progression of disease symptom in the host plant, and seasonal transitions from moderate to high temperatures trigger psyllid dispersal migration to facilitate survival.

Methods

‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ -infected and uninfected psyllids were reared at previously established ‘permissible’, optimal, and ‘non-permissible’ and temperatures of 18°C, 24°C, and 30°C, respectively. Gene expression profiles for ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’-infected and -uninfected adult psyllids reared at different temperatures were characterized by Illumina RNA-Seq analysis. Bacterial genome copy number was quantified by real-time quantitative-PCR (qPCR) amplification.

Results

Relative gene expression profiles varied in psyllids reared at the three experimental temperatures. Psyllids reared at 18°C and 30°C exhibited greater fold-change increased expression of stress- and ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ invasion-related proteins. Quantification by qPCR of bacterial genome copy number revealed that ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ accumulation was significantly lower in psyllids reared at 18°C and 30°C, compared to 24°C.

Discussion

Temperature is a key factor in the life history of potato psyllid and multiplication/accumulation of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ in both the plant and psyllid host, influences the expression of genes associated with thermal stress tolerance, among others, and may have been instrumental in driving the co-evolution of the pathosystem.
Experimental and numerical simulation study on coupling tripping of partial trapezoidal threaded casing head and casing coupling
Authors: Zhang Jun , Ding Chao , Li Yanan , Dong Hai , Ayala Madi , Li Mingzhi
Published: January 2024

Casing connection is a common connection method in oil and gas reservoir production, and the tripping of casing will seriously hinder the production process. To study the casing tripping process and the minimum tensile load required for casing tripping under different loosening buckle states, three kinds of casing tripping tensile tests were carried out. The thread morphology of the casing head and casing coupling was analyzed by local cutting at the end of the experiment, and the thread failure area was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, and then other loosening states were studied and analyzed using numerical simulation. The research results show that as the number of loosening buckles increases, the minimum tensile load required for the casing head and casing coupling to trip decreases. The observation of the thread shape shows that the thread part of the casing head was seriously damaged. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the fracture mode at the thread of the casing head is ductile fracture. Numerical simulation results show that the maximum stress area during the tripping process is at the contact position between the thread heads. Based on the experimental and numerical simulation results, the relationship between the number of casing loosening and the minimum tensile load required for casing tripping is obtained. The research results can be used as the experimental and theoretical basis for the investigation of casing tripping accidents and can also provide experimental reference for the design of the next-generation of casing.
Sub-0.3 volt amorphous metal WNx based NEMS switch with 8 trillion cycles
Authors: Mayet Abdulilah Mohammad , Muqeet Mohammed Abdul , Alhashim Hala H. , Kurdahi Fadi , Eftekhari-Zadeh Ehsan
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The mechanical nature of nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switches makes them sluggish yet desirable for ultra-low-power, harsh environment applications. Two- and three-terminal NEM switches have been demonstrated using onedimensional, two-dimensional, and thin films, but sub-0.3 V operation with improved mechanical and electrical reliability is still elusive.

Method: This study presents WNxnano-ribbon-based NEM sensor switches that operate at 0.6 V, 30 nanosecond switching time, 8 trillion cycles, and 0.5 mA ON current with less than 5 kΩ ON resistance, without stiction, mechanical welding, or short circuits. WNx’s high Young’s modulus gives it great elasticity and mechanical restoring force, which may overcome van der Waal and capillary forces.

Results and Discussion: With its high Young’s modulus, the device’s nanoscale size facilitated low operating voltage. WNxnano-ribbon without grain boundaries is amorphous and more mechanically strong. Hammering and high current flow may destroy the nano-ribbon contact surface and interface, which is practically immaculate. Pull-out time (dominant delay factor) is 0 owing to high Young’s modulus, hence hysteresis loss and delay are absent. Elasticity and Young’s modulus increase speed.
Lubrication subjected to effects of electric and magnetic fields: recent research progress and a generalized MEMT-field Reynolds equation
Authors: Wang Xiaoman , Wang Q. Jane , Ren Ning , England Roger
Published: January 2024

Electric and magnetic fields have been used in various ways to enhance the performance of lubrication systems. The presence of these fields can significantly change the properties of lubricants. The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has presented new lubrication-related challenges due to the presence of electric current. There is an urgent need for an in-depth study of lubrication systems subjected to such fields. This paper highlights recent research works on several key areas of lubrication involving electric or magnetic fields, which are:1) electric double layer in lubrication, 2) electrorheological fluids, 3) magnetorheological fluids, 4) ferrofluids, and 5) typical fluids used in the current EVs and typical surface failures of bearing components in EVs. Commonly used lubricants in each area are reviewed; lubrication mechanisms and related mathematical models are summarized; methods for and results from numerical analyses and experimental explorations are discussed; and common features of lubrications in different fields are explored. Based on the current research progress in these fields and the classic generalized Reynolds equation, a generalized mechanical-electro-magnetic-thermal-field (MEMT-field) Reynolds equation is proposed to describe the aforementioned lubrication scenarios and the effects of coupled mechanical, electric, magnetic, and thermal fields, which can be solved with a numerical iteration method.