bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Our International Journal”: UN Publications and Soviet Internationalism after Stalin
Authors: PORTER LOUIS H.
Published: September 2021

This article explores the role of the United Nations (UN) in the post‐Stalin Soviet internationalist imagination. It analyzes letters that Soviet readers wrote to the editorship of The UNESCO Courier, a monthly magazine translated into the world's major languages and released to a global readership by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). I illustrate how a small but devoted group of Soviet readers received the magazine's message, and how this message commingled for these readers with Soviet internationalist values and practices. The Courier not only featured international news on education, science, and culture, but also acted as a public‐relations arm of UNESCO, promoting ideas of world governance, world civic duty, and international community at the heart of the UN project. The magazine's “Letters‐to‐the‐Editor” section became a platform where Soviet readers articulated their own visions for internationalist solidarity and action inspired by the ideas promoted in the magazine. Hatched by a unique group of Soviet “one‐worlders” whose embrace of the UN and Soviet loyalty coexisted, these remarkably creative visions reveal the existence in the USSR of grassroots support for the UN's brand of world governance and the world body's function as a vehicle for Soviet internationalist expression.
Has DACA promoted work over schooling and professional advancement for qualifying Mexican Dreamers?
Authors: Jones Richard C.
Published: September 2021

Objective

This study questions whether the Deferred Actionfor Childhood Arrivals (DACA) has promoted the educational and career advancement in a subgroup of Mexican youth who crossed illegally by their parents at a young age, or has not promoted such advancement.

Methods

I draw upon recent research on this topic. From the American Community Survey, I drill down to a cohort of young Mexicans who qualified for DACA in 2012, and follow it to 2016.

Results

This cohort (DACAs) entered the workforce and curtailed college attendance between 2012 and 2016 but also completed college, were employed professionally, and increased their income markedly, relative to a cohort of “Dreamers” (an analogous group that did not qualify for DACA).

Conclusion

The integration of DACAs, so beneficial to the country, will be curtailed if DACA is definitively terminated by the disallowal of renewals; DACAs would return to an underclass status resembling that of the Dreamers.
The crowding of social distancing: How social context and interpersonal connections affect individual responses to the coronavirus*
Authors: Leiter Debra , Reilly Jack , Vonnahme Beth
Published: September 2021

Objective

This study investigates the degree to which social connections and social context shape attitudes and behaviors surrounding the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States.

Methods

In April and August 2020, we surveyed Americans about their social context and asked a range of questions related to the coronavirus and social distancing.

Results

Social crowding, social networks, and social context are related to support for social distancing policies and compliance with those policies.

Conclusion

The coronavirus pandemic created hardships; hardships made more difficult by the inability to physically interact with extended family and friends and the inability to find space away from immediate family. This research suggests that understanding compliance with public policies requires attention to interpersonal connections.
Modelling the introduction and transmission of Campylobacter in a North American chicken flock
Authors: Plishka Mikayla , Sargeant Jan M. , Winder Charlotte , Greer Amy L.
Published: September 2021

Campylobacter is the second leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States. Although many food production animals carry Campylobacter as commensal bacteria, consumption of poultry is the main source of human infection. Previous research suggests that the biology of Campylobacter results in complete flock colonization within days. However, a recent systematic review found that the on‐farm prevalence of Campylobacter varies widely, with some flocks reporting low prevalence. We hypothesized that the low prevalence of Campylobacter in some flocks may be driven by a delayed introduction of the pathogen. The objectives of this study were to (a) develop a deterministic compartmental model that represents the biology of Campylobacter, (b) identify the parameter values that best represent the natural history of the pathogen in poultry flocks and (c) examine the possibility that a delayed introduction of the pathogen is sufficient to replicate the observed low prevalence examples documented in the literature. A deterministic compartmental model was developed to examine the dynamics of Campylobacter in chicken flocks over a 56‐day time period prior to movement to the abattoir. The model outcome of interest was the final population prevalence of Campylobacter at day 56. The resulting model that incorporated a high transmission rate (β = 1.04) was able to reproduce the wide range of prevalence estimates observed in the literature when pathogen introduction time is varied. Overall, we established that the on‐farm transmission rate of Campylobacter in chickens is likely high and can result in complete colonization of a flock when introduced early. However, delaying the time at which the pathogen enters the flock can reduce the prevalence observed at 56 days. These results highlight the importance of enforcing strict biosecurity measures to prevent or delay the introduction of the bacteria to a flock.
Singing and Dancing With Neuromuscular Conditions: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Peers Danielle , Eales Lindsay , Jones Kelvin , Toth Aidan , Acharya Hernish , Richman–Eisenstat Janice
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and meaningfulness of a 15-week recreational dance and singing program for people with neuromuscular conditions. Within a transformative mixed-methods design, pulmonary function tests, plethysmography through wearable technology (Hexoskin vests), individualized neuromuscular quality-of-life assessments (version 2.0), and semistructured interviews were used. The interviews were analyzed through inductive, semantic thematic analysis. Although the sample sizes were small (six people with neuromuscular conditions), the authors found no evidence of safety concerns. There was evidence of respiratory improvements and reported improvements in swallowing and speech. The most notable quality-of-life changes included improvements related to weakness, swallowing, relationships, and leisure. The participants shared that the program offered meaningful social connection and embodied skills and safe and pleasurable physical exertion. The authors learned that recreational singing and dancing programs could be a safe and deeply meaningful activity for those with neuromuscular conditions that impact respiration.
Iranian Coaches Forgiveness and Relationship Quality to Their Athletes
Authors: Gharayagh Zandi Hassan , Zarei Sahar , Besharat Mohammad Ali , Houminiyan sharif abadi Davoud , Bagher Zadeh Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Coaching has often been viewed as a context within which coaches operate to largely bring about changes in athlete’s performance and flourishing. One key factor to successful outcomes in coaching is the quality of the relationship between coaches and athletes. The coach–athlete relationship is at the heart of coaching; however, limited studies have been conducted on its antecedents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coaches’ forgiveness and perceived relationship quality toward their athletes through verifying the mediating role of interpersonal behaviors of coaches. A total of 270 Iranian coaches participated in the survey, and the data sets were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that forgiveness positively predicted the coaches’ perceived relationship quality with their athletes, and this pathway was mediated by the coaches’ interpersonal behaviors.
Implementing and Evaluating the Practice Environment Model Using Action Research
Authors: Smith Steve M. , Brown Hazel , Cotterill Stewart T.
Published: September 2021

The psychological factors that influence performance in the practice environment, where competitive athletes engage in deliberate practice, have recently been given specific research attention. The current study employed an action research approach to implement the practice environment model as an education strategy to increase the practice performance of players in a U.K. basketball academy team over a 20-week period. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the education strategy on practice performance. The team competed nationally and consisted of the head coach, the assistant coach, and 18 male players aged 16–19 years. Data were collected through focus groups, joint semistructured interviews, field observations, and a practice environment model web-based questionnaire. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic narrative analysis and the Friedman test analysed quantitative data. Quantitative results suggested that the education strategy decreased perceptions of stress and increased effort, preparation activities, and teammate support. Qualitative results provided an in-depth narrative of the environmental changes undertaken to improve practice performance. Discussion focuses on the key strategies of effort and control, performance expectations, team drive, positive communication, and preparation. This study is the first to apply the practice environment model to a real-world sporting domain.
Developing the Triad of Knowledge in Coaching: Think Aloud as a Reflective Tool Within a Category 1 Football Academy
Authors: Swettenham Laura , Whitehead Amy E.
Published: September 2021

The current study aimed to explore the perceptions of football academy coaches on their use of a novel reflective tool (Think Aloud [TA]) and to understand if this can support the development of knowledge within coaches. Eight male coaches (Mage = 36) employed full time at a Category 1 football academy within the United Kingdom took part. All coaches attended a 2-hr workshop on the use of TA as a reflective tool, with the opportunity to practice TA while coaching. Participants were interviewed on their perceptions of TA as a reflective tool using a semistructured approach. Data were analyzed abductively, which allowed the generation of initial codes and the involvement of the triad of knowledge (professional, interpersonal, and intrapersonal knowledge), which has been adopted within coaching and identified as an approach to developing coaching expertise, within the analysis process. Findings suggest that all three types of knowledge can be developed through the use of TA, with subthemes identified within each type of knowledge: professional knowledge (player and coach development and session design), interpersonal knowledge (communication and relationships), and intrapersonal knowledge (biases, self-awareness, and reflection). This research offers a novel perspective on coach development through the implementation of TA, with potential to support the development of coaching knowledge and expertise.
Ameliorating the hallmarks of cellular senescence in skeletal muscle myogenic progenitors in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Shahini Aref , Rajabian Nika , Choudhury Debanik , Shahini Shahryar , Vydiam Kalyan , Nguyen Thy , Kulczyk Joseph , Santarelli Tyler , Ikhapoh Izuagie , Zhang Yali , Wang Jianmin , Liu Song , Stablewski Aimee , Thiyagarajan Ramkumar , Seldeen Kenneth , Troen Bruce R. , Peirick Jennifer , Lei Pedro , Andreadis Stelios T.
Published: September 2021

The embryonic factor NANOG reverses aging hallmarks and rejuvenates senescent skeletal muscle progenitors.
Hyperbolic band theory
Authors: Maciejko Joseph , Rayan Steven
Published: September 2021

The band theory of solids—including Bloch waves, crystal momentum, and energy bands—is generalized to hyperbolic lattices.
Fast cortical dynamics encode tactile grating orientation during active touch
Authors: Harrell Evan R. , Renard Anthony , Bathellier Brice
Published: September 2021

Active tactile discrimination of oriented gratings leads to temporally dynamic codes in the barrel cortex.
Brownian lithographic polymers of steric lock-and-key colloidal linkages
Authors: Yu Tianren , Mason Thomas G.
Published: September 2021

Exquisite polymer-like chains of many tiny lock-and-key tiles, designed and printed lithographically, dance after release.
Portable air-fed cold atmospheric plasma device for postsurgical cancer treatment
Authors: Chen Guojun , Chen Zhitong , Wang Zejun , Obenchain Richard , Wen Di , Li Hongjun , Wirz Richard E. , Gu Zhen
Published: September 2021

A portable air-fed cold atmospheric plasma device was invented for postsurgical cancer immunotherapy to inhibit tumor relapse.
3D printed personalized magnetic micromachines from patient blood–derived biomaterials
Authors: Ceylan Hakan , Dogan Nihal Olcay , Yasa Immihan Ceren , Musaoglu Mirac Nur , Kulali Zeynep Umut , Sitti Metin
Published: September 2021

Medical microrobots can be made personal by 3D printing them from patient blood–derived biomaterials.
NPF transporters in synaptic-like vesicles control delivery of iron and copper to seeds
Authors: Chao Zhen-Fei , Wang Ya-Ling , Chen Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Chu-Ying , Wang Peng-Yun , Song Tao , Liu Chu-Bin , Lv Qiao-Yan , Han Mei-Ling , Wang Shan-Shan , Yan Jianbing , Lei Ming-Guang , Chao Dai-Yin
Published: September 2021

Translocation of iron and copper to seeds is dependent on vesicular-localized nicotianamine transporters in vascular tissues.
A genome-engineered bioartificial implant for autoregulated anticytokine drug delivery
Authors: Choi Yun-Rak , Collins Kelsey H. , Springer Luke E. , Pferdehirt Lara , Ross Alison K. , Wu Chia-Lung , Moutos Franklin T. , Harasymowicz Natalia S. , Brunger Jonathan M. , Pham Christine T. N. , Guilak Farshid
Published: September 2021

Genome editing of stem cells creates a living implant that can produce arthritis-fighting drugs in response to inflammation.
Supplemental Material: Propagating uplift controls on high-elevation, low-relief landscape formation in the southeast Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yuan Xiaoping , al. et
Published: September 2021

Landscape evolution model, model setup, and propagating uplift used in this study, river profile morphology analyses, and resulting data.
Supplemental Material: Linking lava morphologies to effusion rates for the 2014–2015 Holuhraun lava flow field, Iceland
Authors: Voigt Joana R. C. , al. et
Published: September 2021

Details about previous established links between emplacement conditions and lava types, data and methods, additional correlation results, and limitations.
Complexity ofMycobacterium aviumcomplex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (MAC-IRIS) in a patient with HIV
Authors: Xerri Thelma , Borg Janice , Casha Ramon , Fsadni Claudia
Published: September 2021

We report a case ofMycobacterium aviumcomplex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (MAC-IRIS) in a patient with HIV positive. Initial presentation was that of a purpuric purple macular rash in-keeping with Kaposi sarcoma as an AIDS defining illness. Three weeks following the initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) she developed chest pain, dry cough and fever. A diagnosis of MAC was made through imaging and sputum cultures and appropriate treatment was initiated. Despite adequate management with evidence of good immunological and virological response, the patient represented with persistent symptoms. Repeat CT of the chest confirmed worsening lymphadenopathy with necrosis. Given these findings, a diagnosis of MAC-IRIS was made with resolution of fever after corticosteroids were initiated. This case highlights the importance of considering MAC as a cause of IRIS in severely immunosuppressed patients with HIV.
Pneumomediastinum in a cannabis smoker precipitated by vigorous sexual intercourse
Authors: Iqbal Mubashar , Hussain Ali , Majeed Zara , Elfaki Husham
Published: September 2021

Primary pneumomediastinum is the presence of air in the interstitium of the mediastinum. The exact aetiology is unclear; nevertheless, it has been reported more frequently in patients with asthma and in individuals who use recreational drugs. It is commonly preceded by a sharp rise in intrathoracic pressure as in a Valsalva-like manoeuvre. We describe a rare case of severe pneumomediastinum with a small pneumothorax related to cannabis smoking and aggravated by vigorous sexual intercourse. The patient was successfully treated conservatively due to clinical and radiological stability and the absence of secondary cause.
A Spy took a bite to get the diagnosis right: the benefit of SpyGlass technology in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis evading traditional diagnostic methods
Authors: Parker Adam Matthew , Schaefer David , Royer Amor , Sonani Hardik , Grunes Dianne , Glover Sarah Camille
Published: September 2021

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare form of chronic pancreatitis that is often overlooked and is usually characterised clinically by frequent presentations with obstructive jaundice. Serum IgG4 testing as a means to ‘rule out’ IgG4-related disease may not be as helpful as initially thought and may lead to a missed diagnosis if suspicion is low. We present a patient with a years long history of recurrent pancreatitis ultimately found to have AIP after undergoing evaluation with a relatively new technology, SpyGlass, which allows for direct cholangioscopy and enabled us to make the correct diagnosis.
Who dies where? Estimating the percentage of deaths that occur at home
Authors: Adair Tim
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The majority of low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) have incomplete death registration systems and so the proportion of deaths that occur at home (ie, home death percentage) is generally unknown. However, home death percentage is important to estimate population-level causes of death from integration of data of deaths at home (verbal autopsies) and in hospitals (medical certification), and to monitor completeness of death notification and verbal autopsy data collection systems. This study proposes a method to estimate home death percentage using data readily available at the national and subnational level.

Methods

Data on place of death from 152 country-years in 49 countries from 2005 to 2019, predominantly from vital registration systems, were used to model home death percentage standardised for population age and cause distribution. A national-level model was developed using Bayesian model averaging to estimate national, regional and global home death percentage. A subnational-level model was also developed and assessed in populations where alternative data on home death percentage were available.

Results

Globally, it is estimated that 53.4% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 50.8%–55.9%) of deaths occur at home, slightly higher (59.7%, 95% UI 56.5%–62.7%) in LMICs, substantially higher in low-income countries (79.5%, 95% UI 77.3%–81.5%) and much lower (27.3%, 95% UI 25.2%–29.6%) in high-income countries. Countries with the highest home death percentage are mostly found in South, East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (above 90% in Ethiopia, Chad and South Sudan). As expected, the national model has smaller error than the subnational model.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates substantial diversity in the location of deaths in LMICs and fills a significant gap in knowledge about where people die, given its importance for health systems and policies. The high proportion of deaths in LMICs that occur at home reinforces the need for routine verbal autopsy to determine the causes of death.
Impact of providing patient information leaflets prior to hospital discharge to patients with acute kidney injury: a quality improvement project
Authors: Bonfield Becky
Published: September 2021

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common health issue. It is a sudden episode of kidney failure that is almost entirely associated with episodes of acute illness. AKI is common with as many as 20% of patients arriving at hospital having an AKI, with up to 15% of patients developing AKI in a postoperative period. Patients who have an episode of AKI are more likely to have a further episode of AKI and require readmission to hospital. This project aimed to provide patients with AKI education for self-care and management, with the hope of reducing AKI readmissions.

Using quality improvement methodology, the AKI patient discharge and readmission pathway was reviewed, and information about AKI was given to patients. This was in the form of verbal information and a patient information leaflet. This information was provided on discharge from acute care.

Baseline data were collected that showed more than 80% of patients reported that they were not given information about AKI prior to their discharge from hospital. Due to higher readmission rates, the focus of this improvement project was on acute medical wards. Following implementation, there was a sustained reduction in AKI patient readmission rates. This reduction led to a significant reduction of inpatient bed days and a shorter length of stay for those patients who were readmitted. Quality improvement methods have facilitated a successful reduction in acute AKI readmission to hospital.
Development of preclinical and clinical models for immune-related adverse events following checkpoint immunotherapy: a perspective from SITC and AACR
Authors: Bayless Nicholas L , Bluestone Jeffrey A , Bucktrout Samantha , Butterfield Lisa H , Jaffee Elizabeth M , Koch Christian A , Roep Bart O , Sharpe Arlene H , Murphy William J , Villani Alexandra-Chloé , Walunas Theresa L
Published: September 2021

Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have completely revolutionized cancer treatment strategies. Nonetheless, the increasing incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is now limiting the overall benefits of these treatments. irAEs are well-recognized side effects of some of the most effective cancer immunotherapy agents, including antibody blockade of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed death protein 1/programmed-death ligand 1 pathways. To develop an action plan on the key elements needed to unravel and understand the key mechanisms driving irAEs, the Society for Immunotherapy for Cancer and the American Association for Cancer Research partnered to bring together research and clinical experts in cancer immunotherapy, autoimmunity, immune regulation, genetics and informatics who are investigating irAEs using animal models, clinical data and patient specimens to discuss current strategies and identify the critical next steps needed to create breakthroughs in our understanding of these toxicities. The genetic and environmental risk factors, immune cell subsets and other key immunological mediators and the unique clinical presentations of irAEs across the different organ systems were the foundation for identifying key opportunities and future directions described in this report. These include the pressing need for significantly improved preclinical model systems, broader collection of biospecimens with standardized collection and clinical annotation made available for research and integration of electronic health record and multiomic data with harmonized and standardized methods, definitions and terminologies to further our understanding of irAE pathogenesis. Based on these needs, this report makes a set of recommendations to advance our understanding of irAE mechanisms, which will be crucial to prevent their occurrence and improve their treatment.
Intratumoral injection of TLR9 agonist promotes an immunopermissive microenvironment transition and causes cooperative antitumor activity in combination with anti-PD1 in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Carbone Carmine , Piro Geny , Agostini Antonio , Delfino Pietro , De Sanctis Francesco , Nasca Vincenzo , Spallotta Francesco , Sette Claudio , Martini Maurizio , Ugel Stefano , Corbo Vincenzo , Cappello Paola , Bria Emilio , Scarpa Aldo , Tortora Giampaolo
Published: September 2021

Background

Complex tumor and immune microenvironment render pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, a strategy to convert the immune hostile into an immunopermissive tumor is required. Recent studies showed that intratumoral injection of Toll-like receptor 9 agonist IMO-2125 primes the adaptive immune response. Phase I and II trials with intratumoral IMO-2125 demonstrated its safety and antitumoral activity.

Methods

We generated an array of preclinical models by orthotopically engrafting PDAC-derived cell lines in syngeneic mice and categorized them as high, low and no immunogenic potential, based on the ability of tumor to evoke T lymphocyte or NK cell response. To test the antitumor efficacy of IMO-2125 on locally treated and distant sites, we engrafted cancer cells on both flanks of syngeneic mice and treated them with intratumoral IMO-2125 or vehicle, alone or in combination with anti-PD1 ICI. Tumor tissues and systemic immunity were analyzed by transcriptomic, cytofluorimetric and immunohistochemistry analysis.

Results

We demonstrated that intratumoral IMO-2125 as single agent triggers immune system response to kill local and distant tumors in a selected high immunogenic subtype affecting tumor growth and mice survival. Remarkably, intratumoral IMO-2125 in combination with systemic anti-PD1 causes a potent antitumor effect on primary injected and distant sites also in pancreatic cancer models with low immunogenic potential, preceded by a transition toward an immunopermissive microenvironment, with increase in tumor-infiltrating dendritic and T cells in tumor and lymph nodes.

Conclusion

We demonstrated a potent antitumor activity of IMO-2125 and anti-PD1 combination in immunotherapy-resistant PDAC models through the modulation of immune microenvironment, providing the rationale to translate this strategy into a clinical setting.
Surveys are not simple: beware of the pitfalls
Authors: Welsby Philip D , Weatherall Mark
Published: September 2021

Surveys are quick and easy to produce. This paper outlines some of the many problems that should be anticipated.
The Hawking black-hole radiation spectrum has a short tail
Authors: Hod Shahar
Published: September 2021

It is proved that the Hawking emission spectrum of a semiclassical Schwarzschild black hole of mass [Formula: see text] has a sharp cut at the frequency scale [Formula: see text]. In particular, taking into account the nonlinear gravitational coupling between the tunneled Hawking quanta and the emitting black hole, it is explicitly shown that the upper bound [Formula: see text] on the energies of the emitted Hawking quanta is a direct consequence of the famous Thorne hoop relation.
BONNIE: Building Online Narratives from Noteworthy Interaction Events
Authors: Segura VinÍcius , Barbosa Simone D. J.
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, we have access to data of unprecedented volume, high dimensionality, and complexity. To extract novel insights from such complex and dynamic data, we need effective and efficient strategies. One such strategy is to combine data analysis and visualization techniques, which are the essence of visual analytics applications. After the knowledge discovery process, a major challenge is to filter the essential information that has led to a discovery and to communicate the findings to other people, explaining the decisions they may have made based on the data. We propose to record and use the trace left by the exploratory data analysis, in the form of user interaction history, to aid this process. With the trace, users can choose the desired interaction steps and create a narrative, sharing the acquired knowledge with readers. To achieve our goal, we have developed the
BONNIE
(
Building Online Narratives from Noteworthy Interaction Events
) framework. BONNIE comprises a log model to register the interaction events, auxiliary code to help developers instrument their own code, and an environment to view users’ own interaction history and build narratives. This article presents our proposal for communicating discoveries in visual analytics applications, the BONNIE framework, and the studies we conducted to evaluate our solution. After two user studies (the first one focused on history visualization and the second one focused on narrative creation), our solution has showed to be promising, with mostly positive feedback and results from a
Technology Acceptance Model
(
TAM
) questionnaire.
GLOVE: Towards Privacy-Preserving Publishing of Record-Level-Truthful Mobile Phone Trajectories
Authors: Gramaglia Marco , Fiore Marco , Furno Angelo , Stanica Razvan
Published: September 2021

Datasets of mobile phone trajectories collected by network operators offer an unprecedented opportunity to discover new knowledge from the activity of large populations of millions. However, publishing such trajectories also raises significant privacy concerns, as they contain personal data in the form of individual movement patterns. Privacy risks induce network operators to enforce restrictive confidential agreements in the rare occasions when they grant access to collected trajectories, whereas a less involved circulation of these data would fuel research and enable reproducibility in many disciplines. In this work, we contribute a building block toward the design of privacy-preserving datasets of mobile phone trajectories that are truthful at the record level. We present GLOVE, an algorithm that implements
k
-anonymity, hence solving the crucial
unicity
problem that affects this type of data while ensuring that the anonymized trajectories correspond to real-life users. GLOVE builds on original insights about the root causes behind the undesirable unicity of mobile phone trajectories, and leverages generalization and suppression to remove them. Proof-of-concept validations with large-scale real-world datasets demonstrate that the approach adopted by GLOVE allows preserving a substantial level of accuracy in the data, higher than that granted by previous methodologies.
The Emerging Phylogenetic Perspective on the Evolution of Actinopterygian Fishes
Authors: Dornburg Alex , Near Thomas J.
Published: September 2021

The emergence of a new phylogeny of ray-finned fishes at the turn of the twenty-first century marked a paradigm shift in understanding the evolutionary history of half of living vertebrates. We review how the new ray-finned fish phylogeny radically departs from classical expectations based on morphology. We focus on evolutionary relationships that span the backbone of ray-finned fish phylogeny, from the earliest divergences among teleosts and nonteleosts to the resolution of major lineages of Percomorpha. Throughout, we feature advances gained by the new phylogeny toward a broader understanding of ray-finned fish evolutionary history and the implications for topics that span from the genetics of human health to reconsidering the concept of living fossils. Additionally, we discuss conceptual challenges that involve reconciling taxonomic classification with phylogenetic relationships and propose an alternate higher-level classification for Percomorpha. Our review highlights remaining areas of phylogenetic uncertainty and opportunities for comparative investigations empowered by this new phylogenetic perspective on ray-finned fishes.
Utilizing Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Mechanism for Theater Performance Scheduling Management in China
Authors: Yan Cong
Published: September 2021

The prevailing theater industry requires new state-of-the-art mechanisms for better evaluation so as to meet the expectations of the audience and to capture the attention of more and more public, thereby making the industry profitable. In modern times, when technology is employed in approximately all walks of life, it is necessary to come up with an automated system that can evaluate the performance of theaters effectively, can provide with more efficient scheduling mechanisms for better management of human resource and other assets, and can improve the traditional booking and reservation mechanisms. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based comprehensive evaluation system to closely examine the theater performance in order to construct an intelligent model for rational arrangement of the theater performances as per the demand of the audience. From the perspective of e-commerce, an advanced ticketing system is proposed for better user experience where online reservation of theater seats is performed by using the online facility. This also provides real-time scenario of reservation/availability of seats for a particular program so that the user can make reservations as per his/her preferred schedule. The proposed model is rigorously tested and statistically studied to support the theoretical claims of the research. From the results of the chart analysis, it could be noticed that the evaluation model proposed in this paper is very effective.
An Unusual Presentation of Multiple Superficial Mucoceles Occurring with Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Rungraungrayabkul Dulyapong , Lapthanasupkul Puangwan , Panpradit Naruemon , Okuma Nis
Published: September 2021

Superficial mucoceles, a rare variant of the mucocele occurring simultaneously with oral lichen planus, are uncommon. This report introduces a case of multiple superficial mucoceles developing with oral lichen planus in a 76-year-old Thai female and provides information to avoid misdiagnosis and over-management of this lesion. Pathogenesis and clinicopathological characteristics of this phenomenon are also discussed.
Some Inequalities for the Maximum Modulus of Rational Functions
Authors: Gardner Robert , Govil Narendra Kumar , Kumar Prasanna
Published: September 2021

For a polynomialpzof degreen, it follows from the maximum modulus theorem thatmaxz=R≥1pz≤Rnmaxz=1pz. It was shown by Ankeny and Rivlin that ifpz≠0forz<1, thenmaxz=R≥1pz≤Rn+1/2maxz=1pz. In 1998, Govil and Mohapatra extended the above two inequalities to rational functions, and in this paper, we study the refinements of these results of Govil and Mohapatra.
An Effective Algorithm for Intrusion Detection Using Random Shapelet Forest
Authors: Li Gongliang , Yin Mingyong , Jing Siyuan , Guo Bing
Published: September 2021

Detection of abnormal network traffic is an important issue when builds intrusion detection systems. An effective way to address this issue is time series mining, in which the network traffic is naturally represented as a set of time series. In this paper, we propose a novel efficient algorithm, called RSFID (Random Shapelet Forest for Intrusion Detection), to detect abnormal traffic flow patterns in periodic network packets. Firstly, the Fast Correlation‐based Filter (FCBF) algorithm is employed to remove irrelevant features to decrease the overfitting as well as the time complexity. Then, a random forest which is built upon a set of shapelet candidates is used to classify the normal and abnormal traffic flow patterns. Specifically, the Symbolic Aggregate approXimation (SAX) and random sampling technique are adopted to mitigate the high time complexity caused by enumerating shapelet candidates. Experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Treatment of Homozygous Type II Antithrombin Heparin-Binding Site Deficiency in Pregnancy
Authors: Fiskvik Hilde , Jacobsen Anne F. , Iversen Nina , Henriksson Carola E. , Jacobsen Eva-Marie
Published: September 2021

Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Previous VTE and severe thrombophilia are important risk factors. Our case was a 36-year-old woman, gravida 6, para 0, with antithrombin (AT) deficiency caused by a homozygous mutation in the heparin-binding site (HBS). Her history included seven prior VTEs, three early and two late pregnancy losses. She was prophylactically treated with both human plasma-derived AT concentrate (hpATC) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), resulting in a successful 6th pregnancy and a healthy live born baby. There is limited evidence and guidance on the management of AT deficiency in pregnancy. Dosing and monitoring of anticoagulants, alone or together with hpATC, must be based on individual risk assessment. The severity of clinical manifestations varies with the type of AT deficiency. Characterization of the AT mutation may aid in the decision-making process and optimize pregnancy outcomes.
Grey Relational Entropy Calculation and Fractional Prediction of Water and Economy in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
Authors: Wu Lifeng , Guo Xiaorui , Chen Yan
Published: September 2021

The implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy promotes the rapid development of the regional economy, but the consequent water shortage has become a major concern. How to optimize the allocation of water resources, promote the cooperation of water resources among various water-using departments, and maximize the water efficiency of the limited water resources in the region has become the main issue of research. Thus, this paper mainly studies the entropy value and the entropy difference of the grey relational entropy between water resources and economic systems. First, use the grey correlation entropy method to calculate the existing data to explore the relationship between the two systems, then use the FGM(1, 1) model to predict the grey correlation entropy value of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in 2020–2024, and finally, calculate the entropy difference of the grey relation entropy for the region from 2015 to 2024. The results show the following: (i) The connection between the water resources system and the economic system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is poor, the entropy value between the two will continue to decrease from 2015 to 2024, and the degree of coordination has shown a decreasing trend. (ii) The entropy change value between the water resources system and the economic system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region reflects a gradual and orderly change trend. The research results can provide reasonable suggestions for improving the correlation between water resources and economic systems for government departments, local residents, and industrial enterprises in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, ultimately realizing the sustainable development of water resources and economic systems.
Dynamic Prediction Model of Multisource Gas Emissions in a Fully Mechanized Top Coal Caving Based on the Coal Particle Size Distribution
Authors: Gao Han , Gong Xuanping , Cheng Xiaoyu , Yu Rui
Published: September 2021

Coal particle size is an important factor affecting the gas emission law. Taking Wangjialing coal mine as the research object, the particle size distribution of coal mining and caving is analyzed via field tests in order to develop the gas emission theoretical model from granular coal. We also perform the numerical simulation of the coal body and longwall face gas emission characteristics under different particles. Finally, the gas emission rules of coal cutting, caving, longwall face, and goaf in Wangjialing coal mine are analyzed, and the dynamic prediction model, which accounts for the time influence of the coal cutting and coal caving speed based on the particle size distribution characteristics, is derived. Results demonstrate the wide distribution of the coal particle size at Wangjialing coal mine, with a higher proportion of small‐ and large‐sized particles. The smaller the coal particle size, the faster the gas emission and the smaller the desorption ratio of coal at ≥20 mm within 30 min. The comprehensive emission intensity of coal mining and caving can be described by an exponential function. The initial emission intensity of coal mining is observed to exceed that of coal caving, while the attenuation laws of the two are essentially equal, and the majority of the gas emission is completed within 5 min. The error between the results of the multisource dynamic prediction model and the field measurement is small, which is of practical application significance.
The Dietary Supplement γ‐Oryzanol Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and HMGB1/NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Du Yichao , Zhong Furui , Cheng Huanli , Li Tongxi , Chen Yifan , Tan Peng , Huang Meizhou , Liang Tiancheng , Liu Yu , Xia Xianming , Fu Wenguang
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effect of γ‐oryzanol (ORY) against hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) injury and the potential protective mechanisms of ORY. ORY is an important biologically active ingredient isolated from rice bran oil, which has anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. However, it is still unknown whether ORY can protect the liver from the HIR damage. In this study, ORY was administered orally for seven days, after which the animals were subjected to liver ischemia for 60 minutes and reperfused for 6 hours. Related indicators were analyzed. The results showed that ORY pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of AST and ALT, relieved hepatocellular damage and apoptosis, and attenuated the exhaustion of SOD and GSH and accumulation of MDA and MPO. Interestingly, ORY treatment could significantly decreased ER stress. Furthermore, ORY pretreatment remarkably reduced the protein expressions of HMGB1, NLRP3, caspase‐1 (p20), and IL‐1β to protect the liver from I/R‐induced inflammasome activation and apoptosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated the potential effect of ORY in modulating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammasome activation during HIR.
Circulating Metabolomic Analysis following Cecal Ligation and Puncture in Young and Aged Mice Reveals Age‐Associated Temporal Shifts in Nicotinamide and Histidine/Histamine Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Cyr Anthony , Kohut Lauryn , Chambers Lauran , Stratimirovic Sladjana , Zuckerbraun Brian
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Aged individuals are at higher risk for morbidity and mortality following acute stressors than similarly stressed young people. Evaluation of age‐associated metabolic changes could lead to the identification of specific therapeutic targets to improve outcomes from acute stressors, such as infections, in the elderly. We thus compared the plasma metabolomes of both young and old mice following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), an accepted model of acute infection and stress. Methods. Young (9‐17 wks) and aged (78‐96 wks) male C57bl/6 mice were subjected to a retro‐orbital bleed and two‐week recovery prior to sham surgery (laparotomy alone) or CLP. Animals were sacrificed at 4 h, 8 h, or 12 h following intervention, and plasma was isolated from blood for subsequent analysis. Metabolomic analysis of samples were performed (Metabolon; Durham, NC). Results. Aged animals demonstrated greater intraprocedural mortality than young (30.2% vs. 17.4%, χ2p = 0.0004), confirming enhanced frailty. Principal component analysis and partial‐least squares discriminant analysis of 566 metabolites demonstrated distinct metabolomic shifts following sham surgery or CLP in both young and aged animals. Identification of metabolites of interest using a consensus statistical approach revealed that both the histidine/histamine pathway and the nicotinamide pathway have significant age‐associated alterations following CLP. Conclusions. The application of untargeted plasma metabolomics identified key pathways underpinning metabolomic responses to CLP in both young and aged animals. Ultimately, these data provide a robust foundation for future mechanistic studies that may assist in improving outcomes in frail patients in response to acute stressors such as infection, trauma, or surgery.
On the Hosoya Indices of Bicyclic Graphs with Small Diameter
Authors: Wu Tingzeng , Yu Yong
Published: September 2021

Let

G

be a graph. The Hosoya index of

G

, denoted by

z

G

, is defined as the total number of its matchings. The computation of

z

G

is NP-Complete. Wagner and Gutman pointed out that it is difficult to obtain results of the maximum Hosoya index among tree-like graphs with given diameter. In this paper, we focus on the problem, and a sharp bound of Hosoya indices of all bicyclic graphs with diameter of 3 is determined.
UAV‐Based Collaborative Electronic Reconnaissance Network for 6G
Authors: Yang Fucheng , Song Jie , Xiong Wei , Cui Xutao
Published: September 2021

In unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) collaborative electronic reconnaissance network, single UAV is always restricted by flyability and sensing capacity; hence, a cooperative network is built to realize the electronic reconnaissance. In this paper, a three‐level electronic reconnaissance network is proposed, including the radiation target, UAV‐based electronic reconnaissance equipment, and the command center. Each of the UAVs is capable of monitoring several radiation targets at the same time. Since the topology of the UAV network influences the effect of electronic reconnaissance, in this contribution, optimization is achieved based on the improvement of radiation coverage. If there is no radiation target within the sensing scope, the corresponding UAV will remove according to our novel strategy. Iterate operations are carried out for the relative optimum performance. Simulation results show that the UAV network topology optimization is capable of improving the coverage of radiation targets effectively.
Data Transmission Evaluation and Allocation Mechanism of the Optimal Routing Path: An Asynchronous Advantage Actor‐Critic (A3C) Approach
Authors: Ding Yahui , Guo Jianli , Li Xu , Shi Xiujuan , Yu Peng
Published: September 2021

The delay tolerant networks (DTN), which have special features, differ from the traditional networks and always encounter frequent disruptions in the process of transmission. In order to transmit data in DTN, lots of routing algorithms have been proposed, like “Minimum Expected Delay,” “Earliest Delivery,” and “Epidemic,” but all the above algorithms have not taken into account the buffer management and memory usage. With the development of intelligent algorithms, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm can better adapt to the above network transmission. In this paper, we firstly build optimal models based on different scenarios so as to jointly consider the behaviors and the buffer of the communication nodes, aiming to ameliorate the process of the data transmission; then, we applied the Deep Q‐learning Network (DQN) and Advantage Actor‐Critic (A3C) approaches in different scenarios, intending to obtain end‐to‐end optimal paths of services and improve the transmission performance. In the end, we compared algorithms over different parameters and find that the models build in different scenarios can achieve 30% end‐to‐end delay decline and 80% throughput improvement, which show that our algorithms applied in are effective and the results are reliable.