bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aberration-corrected three-dimensional non-inertial scanning for femtosecond lasers
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Huaming , Hu Qinglei , Cheng Xiaofeng , Chen Ruixi , Lv Xiaohua , Zeng Shaoqun
Published: September 2020

Large aberrations are induced by non-collimated light when the convergence or divergence of the incident beam on the back-pupil plane of the objective lens is adjusted for 3D non-inertial scanning. These aberrations significantly degrade the focus quality and decrease the peak intensity of the femtosecond laser focal spot. Here, we describe an aberration-corrected 3D non-inertial scanning method for femtosecond lasers based on a digital micromirror device (DMD) that is used for both beam scanning and aberration correction. An imaging setup is used to detect the focal spot in the 3D space, and an iterative optimization algorithm is used to optimize the focal spot. We demonstrate the application of our proposed approach in two-photon imaging. With correction for the 200-µm out-of-focal plane, the optical axial resolution improves from 7.67 to 3.25 µm, and the intensity of the fluorescence signal exhibits an almost fivefold improvement when a 40× objective lens is used. This aberration-corrected 3D non-inertial scanning method for femtosecond lasers offers a new approach for a variety of potential applications, including nonlinear optical imaging, microfabrication, and optical storage.
Dissecting the neural divide: a continuous neurectoderm gives rise to the olfactory placode and bulb
Authors: Torres-Paz Jorge , Tine Eugene M. , Whitlock Kathleen E.
Published: September 2020

The olfactory epithelia arise from morphologically identifiable structures called olfactory placodes. Sensory placodes are generally described as being induced from the ectoderm suggesting that their development is separate from the coordinated cell movements generating the central nervous system. Previously, we have shown that the olfactory placodes arise from a large field of cells bordering the telencephalic precursors in the neural plate, and that cell movements, not cell division, underlie olfactory placode morphogenesis. Subsequently by image analysis, cells were tracked as they moved in the continuous sheet of neurectoderm giving rise to the peripheral (olfactory organs) and central (olfactory bulbs) nervous system (Torres-Paz and Whitlock, 2014). These studies lead to a model whereby the olfactory epithelia develop from within the border of the neural late and are a neural tube derivative, similar to the retina of the eye (Torres-Paz and Whitlock, 2014; Whitlock, 2008). Here we show that randomly generated clones of cells extend across the morphologically differentiated olfactory placodes/olfactory bulbs, and test the hypothesis that these structures are patterned by a different level of distal-less (dlx) gene expression subdividing the anterior neurectoderm into OP precursors (high Dlx expression) and OB precursors (lower Dlx expression). Manipulation of DLX protein and RNA levels resulted in morphological changes in the size of the olfactory epithelia and olfactory bulb. Thus, the olfactory epithelia and bulbs arise from a common neurectodermal region and develop in concert through coordinated morphological movements.
Developmental Biology in México
Authors: Merchant-Larios Horacio
Published: September 2020

Contemporary scientific endeavor in México emanates from two great public institutions: the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), founded in 1929 and 1936, respectively. Here, the first research institutes and centers dedicated to various scientific areas were created. Thus, the origin of most laboratories of Developmental Biology in México was like that of other scientific fields. In this article, I have attempted to describe the establishment of a specialized community involved in the understanding of organism development during ontogeny. The use of chick embryos to study heart development was among the first experimental approaches developed in México. Then, a younger group employed chick embryos to study the mechanisms underlying limb development. Various laboratory animal models have been employed, including mouse, rat, rabbit, and recently the naked mole-rat, as well as some wild species, such as sea turtles and bats. Two classical invertebrates, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhadbitis elegans, also form part of the multilayered complex models used by Mexican developmental biologists. My use of animals brought me closer to the pioneer developmental biologists who worked with animal models. Their academic trajectory was more detailed than that of investigators using plant models. However, the pioneering merit and bright contributions of the two groups are on a par, regardless of the biological model. As current scientific knowledge is the sum of individual contributions throughout human history, here I have attempted to describe my suitable experience as a witness to the birth of the fascinating field of developmental biology in my country.
Epigenetic control of cell fate - an interview with Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
Authors: Chimal-Monroy Jesús , Escalante-Alcalde Diana
Published: September 2020

Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla’s research is focused on how cell fate arises from a single-cell embryo, the fertilized egg or zygote. After the initial divisions, cell potency becomes restricted, originating the first cell lineage fates. She studies how epigenetic information controls transitions in cell identity and cellular reprogramming during embryonic development. Currently, she is the founding Director of the Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Centre, and Professor of Stem Cell Biology at the Ludwigs Maximilians University in Munich. In this interview, Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla talks to us about her beginnings in the biology field in Mexico. She also tells us about how she became interested in the control of genome regulation within the nucleus during the transition from totipotency to pluripotency and how the control of gene regulation and chromatin organization during the early stages of cell fate decision in the one-cell embryo occurs. She considers that science has no borders; visiting Mexico gives her the possibility to discuss her work with colleagues and the new generation of students trained in Mexico.
Developmental Biology in Chile: historical perspectives and future challenges
Authors: Concha Miguel L. , Signore Iskra A.
Published: September 2020

Developmental Biology is a growing discipline in Chile. It started in the 1950s when Luis Izquierdo challenged the traditional descriptive perspective of embryology and comparative anatomy to explore the mechanisms underlying the origin of form. After this initial drive, Claudio Barros, beginning in the late 1960s and Juan Fernández, in the late 1970s, contributed with unique and complementary facets to the early growth of the discipline. In the 1980s, the community of developmental biologists created its first forms of association together with the reproduction biology community, and in 1993 the first international course of developmental biology was organised. During the 1990s and 2000s, a group of young investigators arrived in Chile after postdocs in Europe and the US to build the first research centres of developmental biology, fostering the discipline to an unprecedented level. In the 2010s, as these centres consolidated, a stream of young developmental biologists established new labs at several institutions, expanding the community size and broadening its scope. The recent organisation of developmental biology meetings fostered the sense of community and nurtured the need of formal organisation, setting the bases for the foundation of the Chilean Society for Developmental Biology. Today, the community of developmental biologists is a mix of young and experienced investigators working in a variety of geographical locations, institutions, topics and model organisms. These characteristics are a strength of an active community that is pushing the discipline to the next level, aiming to make it a relevant actor in national and international settings.
A roadmap for intestinal regeneration
Authors: Quispe-Parra David , Valentín Griselle , García-Arrarás José E.
Published: September 2020

Regeneration of lost or injured organs is an intriguing process in which numerous cellular events take place to form the new structure. Studies of this process during reconstitution of the intestine have been performed in echinoderms, particularly in holothurians. Many cellular events triggered during regeneration have been described using the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima as a research model. More recent experiments have targeted the molecular mechanisms behind the process, a task that has been facilitated by the new sequencing technologies now available. In this review, we present studies involving cellular processes and the genes that have been identified to be associated with the early events of gut regeneration. We also present ongoing efforts to perform functional studies necessary to establish the role(s) of the identified genes. A synopsis of the studies is given with the course of the regenerative process established so far.
Developmental Biology in Central America, the northern region of South America and the Caribbean
Authors: García-Arrarás José E.
Published: September 2020

This review highlights the history of Developmental Biology studies in Latin-American countries of Central America, the northern region of South America and the Caribbean and their impact on the field. For this, we have compiled the contributions made by investigators in various institutions of the region, including universities, as well as agricultural, research and health centers. Most of the contributions focus on particular fields, among them, Evo-Devo, regenerative biology, nervous system development and health related issues. A large share of the contributions originates from a subset of countries, primarily, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama and Puerto Rico. In addition, we underscore the new investigators and the ongoing research in the region.
Patrones de distribución espacial en las necrópolis megalíticas de Majadillas y Hoyas del Conquín (Granada, España). Resultados preliminares
Authors: Cabrero González Carolina , Cámara Serrano Juan Antonio , Esquivel Guerrero José Antonio
Published: September 2020

En el presente trabajo se estudia a través de diversos análisis SIG y estadísticos la organización de las necrópolis megalíticas del río Gor, tomando como muestra dos conjuntos especialmente destacables dentro de las mismas: Majadillas y Hoyas del Conquín.  A partir de los análisis llevados a cabo podemos observar que existe una planificación en la ubicación de los monumentos, así como ciertas variables que parecen indicar unos patrones de uso cambiantes a lo largo de la horquilla temporal en la que funcionaron los megalitos del río Gor como depósitos funerarios (finales del Neolítico – Edad del Bronce). Entre los resultados cabe destacar la preocupación por dominar visualmente todo el valle a partir de la adición de marcadores sagrados (los dólmenes) que, aun con una visibilidad generalmente reducida desde cada uno de ellos, configuran en su conjunto un sistema totalmente articulado de control visual ritualizado.
Sobre un torso masculino en el Museo de Santa Cruz (Toledo)
Authors: Baena del Alcázar Luis
Published: September 2020

Estudio de una escultura masculina conservada en los fondos del Museo de Santa Cruz de Toledo que, por su estructura corporal, recuerda creaciones de Policleto pero cuya tipología se encuadra en esculturas de Praxiteles o de su escuela, las cuales tendrán una gran difusión en época helenística y romana. La identificación de la escultura apunta a la iconografía de Apolo, la cual serviría en alguna villa de la región, muy posiblemente, como elemento decorativo.
Maria Fernanda Bicalho. Un fuerte compromiso con la Historia
Authors: Santos Pérez José Manuel
Published: September 2020

Entrevista con la profesora Maria Fernanda Bicalho, profesora asociada de Historia en la Universidade Federal Fluminense (Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). La profesora Bicalho habla de su trayectoria académica, el porqué de su pasión por la historia, sus contribuciones más importantes a la historiografía del Brasil colonial y sus actuales proyectos de investigación.
Carola Saavedra - Com armas sonolentas. Um romance de formação
Authors: Teixeira Da Silva Lima Aline
Published: September 2020

Saavedra, C (2018). Com armas sonolentas. Um romance de formação. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.El libro de Carola Saavedra, Com armas sonolentas. Um romance de formação, publicado por la editorial Companhia das Letras (2018), cuyo título está inspirado en un verso de la poeta y monja mexicana Juana Inés de la Cruz, que murió en 1695, una artista clave para el feminismo y la literatura latinoamericana, narra la experiencia de tres mujeres, que están interrelacionadas por sus genealogías, sin embargo, tienen historias e identidades de vida muy diferentes, marcadas por un sentimiento constante de incompletitud. El trabajo de Saavedra es un hito sobre las mujeres profundas, fuertes y soñadoras que, al mismo tiempo, no entienden su lugar en el mundo.
Brasilia, ida y vuelta… 60 años después
Authors: Toda Iglesia Fernando
Published: September 2020

En 1962, Eduardo Toda Oliva, Cónsul de España en Río de Janeiro firmó el reportaje “Brasilia, ida y vuelta” para la revista Blanco y Negro, de Madrid (España). Fruto de un viaje que realizó para visitar el terreno destinado a la construcción de la futura sede de la Embajada de España en el país, el texto reúne sus impresiones sobre la capital en construcción. Además de la reproducción parcial del reportaje original, el presente artículo aporta fotografías inéditas del periplo, cedidas por Fernando Toda, catedrático de Traducción de la USAL, que en este año de celebración de los 60 años de la fundación de Brasilia, la Revista de Estudios Brasileños tiene el honor de publicar por primera vez.
La antipolítica de género en el gobierno de Bolsonaro y sus dinámicas de violencia
Authors: Nogueira Cunha Leonam Lucas
Published: September 2020

La ofensiva lanzada por el gobierno brasileño sobre el debate sobre género y sexualidades ha sido una constante desde las últimas elecciones presidenciales. En este estudio, se analizan algunos de los discursos pronunciados por sus representantes que centran las discusiones en un punto común antiprogresista y se investiga cuál ha sido la repercusión práctica de esos mensajes que se han definido como ejes importantes de su postura ideológica partidaria. De acuerdo con la perspectiva crítica introducida por la teoría queer, se busca además dibujar un breve panorama, dentro del marco internacional, de la percepción de Brasil en lo que cabe a demandas ligadas a igualdad de género y respeto a la diversidad, y asimismo se plasma la cuestión a nivel nacional, entendiéndola desde una relación indisociable con las dinámicas de violencia.
Ciudades brasileñas y el capital: segregación y expoliación urbanas y vulnerabilidade
Authors: De Souza Santos Matheus Henrique , Alberto Toledo Rodrigo
Published: September 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo teórico es presentar el diálogo entre el desarrollo de las ciudades brasileñas y los intereses del capital nacional e internacional, bajo la reflexión de las concepciones de segregación urbana, expoliación urbana y vulnerabilidad. El resultado obtenido al final es la consolidación del marco teórico conceptual como instrumento de lectura de la realidad de las ciudades en Brasil que consolida, a lo largo del siglo XX, su desarrollo estrechamente ligado a los intereses del capitalismo local y la necesidad de organización urbana para atender las directrices de la economía global, en la que Brasil se esfuerza por estar incluido.
Simulação do comportamento estocástico do algoritmo KLMS com diferentes kernels
Authors: De Luca Patrick Medeiros , Parreira Wemerson Delcio
Published: September 2020

The kernel least-mean-square (KLMS) algorithm is a popular algorithmin nonlinear adaptive filtering due to its simplicity androbustness. In kernel adaptive filtering, the statistics of the inputto the linear filter depends on the kernel and its parameters. Moreover,practical implementations on systems estimation require afinite non-linearity model order. In order to obtain finite ordermodels, many kernelized adaptive filters use a dictionary of kernelfunctions. Dictionary size also depends on the kernel and itsparameters. Therefore, KLMS may have different performanceson the estimation of a nonlinear system, the time of convergence,and the accuracy using a different kernel. In order to analyze theperformance of KLMS with different kernels, this paper proposesthe use of the Monte Carlo simulation of both steady-state and thetransient behavior of the KLMS algorithm using different types ofkernel functions and Gaussian inputs.
A Adaptabilidade de NPCs em Jogos com Estilo Presa-Predador Usando Algoritmo Genético
Authors: Melo Silva Rafael , Brasil Christiane
Published: September 2020

Recently there has been a major effort to improve intelligence andadaptability in games to satisfy modern gamers. In this sense, thegames area has focused on the application of artificial intelligencealgorithms, especially genetic algorithms. This paper shows anapproching using a genetic algorithm to improve the adaptationof non-player characters (NPCs) in a prey-predator style game,presenting good results.
Conversor de formatos de arquivos de ferramentas de modelagem de Sistemas a Eventos Discretos
Authors: Koops Londello Alberthus , Grando Moreira Benjamin
Published: September 2020

The project of Discrete Event Systems (DES) with the SupervisoryControl Theory uses a group of operations whose algorithms areimplemented in tools to support the development of DES. Severaltools were developed, each one with self-resources, self-file formatand minimal integration between these different tools. This paperpresents a tool proposal to convert different files of some tools forthe development of DES, using a standard intermediated formatdefined to the proposal.
Análise do Comportamento Elétrico e da Robustez à Radiação de Circuitos XOR em Tecnologia Nanométrica FinFET
Authors: Neves de Mello Oliveira Rafael , Meinhardt Cristina
Published: September 2020

Electronic circuits are becoming more susceptible to errorscaused by radiation due to scaling down technological nodeand high operating frequencies [4, 5, 11].This work presentsa comparative analysis of the sensitivity radiation fordifferent XOR gate topologies 16 nm. The doors wereimplemented considering two different devices:Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS bulk)and Fin Field-Effect Transistor (FinFET) and two logics:Complementary Logic (CMOS logic) and Logic PassageTransistor (PTL). To allow a more detailed comparison, thiswork also discusses the critical delay results, power and thePower-Delay Product (PDP), a metric that defines thepower dissipated by the circuit to perform an operation, foreach version of XOR. The doors PTL-based XORs showedsuperior improvements 13% for the critical delay and 11%for the PDP in relation to CMOS logic. The topologies of thePTL family still showed greater robustness against the effectsof radiation when compared to ports implemented withCMOS logic, with a Linear Energy Transfer (LET) beingalmost 30% higher for CMOS devices and approximately20% higher for FinFET devices. In addition, circuits basedon FinFET are about 70% faster, have a PDP 80% smallerand are approximately 300x more robust than CMOStechnology, with an improvement in the LET threshold ofboth logical families evaluated.
Identificação de Perfis Depressivos em Redes Sociais Utilizando Aprendizado de Máquina: um Mapeamento Sistemático
Authors: Casani Vinicius , Gomes Mantovani Rafael , Cristinne Correa Souza Alinne , Carlos Monteiro Souza Francisco
Published: September 2020

Depression is a psychological disorder that affects millions of peoplein theworld, regardless of their age, social class or nationality. In theliterature, different techniques have been studying to analyze andrecognize this disease such as Natural Language Processing, SentimentAnalysis, and Machine Learning. In this paper, we describe asystematic mapping to identify evidence regarding techniques thatare often used to identify depressive profiles.We analyzed 472 studiesand we selected 25 primary studies. These studies indicate thatthe SVM and NB techniques have been most used to detect possibledepressive profiles in social networks. Furthermore, Twitter andFacebook with 35,5% and 22,6%, respectively were the social mediamost have been used by users’ express their feelings regarding themost varied subjects.
O Mooc de Lovelace Acessível: Uma Chamada de Meninas Surdas para as Carreiras de Computação Introdução ao Pensamento Computacional
Authors: Gonçalves de Oliveira Márcia , Leite Ana Carla Kruger , Bodart Clara Marques , Ferreira Silva Lopes Mônica , Barbosa Costa Chagas Lucineia , Silva Nascimento Gabriel , Pinto Pancieri Jussara
Published: September 2020

This paper introduces Lovelace's Mooc course on ComputationalThinking for the female audience and accessible to the deafcommunity. The course's video lessons are produced together witha deaf translator who expresses in LIBRAS the contents of theclasses in sync with the teachers' speech in a deaf to deafcommunication. The differentials of this MOOC proposal are torescue the principles of simplicity and collaboration of DistanceEducation, to promote the accessibility of deaf and to implement ameta-active course methodology oriented to the development ofComputational Thinking skills and the generation of newknowledge from collaborative work without tutoring. Movingforward in this proposal, we have already started the RoboticLovelace's MOOC accessible with some video lessons translatedinto LIBRAS. In addition to video lessons, another importantcontribution of the deaf translator of the Lovelace’s MOOC videolessons was the creation of the sign in LIBRAS for Ada deLovelace, in celebration of Ada Lovelace’s day.
Taxonomia de Falhas em Programas Concorrentes em Elixir
Authors: Deon Bordignon Matheus , Adamshuk Silva Rodolfo
Published: September 2020

Computer processing capacity is becoming increasingly insufficientand it encourages the use of concurrent programming to developapplications that reduce the computing time. Due to features suchas communication, synchronization and non-determinism, concurrentprograms may present concurrency-related errors. This paperpresents a defect taxonomy for Elixir concurrent programs consideringthe functions present on Kernel and Task modules. Defectpatterns were identified from the insertion of small disturbancesinto concurrent functions present in a benchmark of concurrentElixir programs. The association between entered defects and concurrentprogramming errors has resulted in defect taxonomy forconcurrent Elixir programs. The defined taxonomy will be used tosupport the definition of criteria and testing tools for concurrentElixir programs.
Busca Hill-Climbing Modificada aplicada à Observação de Alvos Cooperativos (CTO) movendo-se sobre um Grafo Planar
Authors: Porto Figueredo Levi , Everardo Bessa Maia José
Published: September 2020

In the Cooperative Targets Observation (CTO) problem, a groupof observing agents with limited vision should be commanded inorder to keep the observation of multiple target agents in motion inorder to maximize the average number of targets observed duringthe period under consideration. Targets are cooperative in the sensethat they do not run away from observers. This article describes andevaluates the application of a modified Hill-Climbing algorithm tothe CTO problem when the movement of the targets is restricted to aplanar graph. It is argued howthis newconfiguration of the problemcan be representative of a practical situation. The performance ofthe proposed algorithm surpasses that of two other algorithmswidely applied to the problem that are classic Hill-Climbing andK-Means.
Comparação de Topologias de Full Adders para Computação Aproximada
Authors: Silva Pedro , Meinhardt Cristina
Published: September 2020

This work provides an analysis of a set of approximate full addercircuits in 16nm CMOS device technology, with the goal of identifyinghow these designs behave in a specific environment andapplying voltage scaling when compared to conventional exactadders, focusing on reduction in power consumption. The resultsallow designers to evaluate the pros and cons of each design in errortolerant applications, especially in comparison with exact adders.In nominal tension, there was reduction of up to 90% in power consumptionin XNOR based inexact FAs, and up to 75% gain in powerand 25% gain in delay with CMOS simplifications. In near-thresholdvoltages, it was possible to obtain up to 22% improvement in delayand 50% in power consumption, when comparing the same designsoperating under nominal voltage. The best results were obtainedwhen applying voltage reduction in approximate designs, whichreached improvements in power of up to 98%.
Processamento e Navegação por Tópicos em Imagens de Páginas de Jornais Históricos
Authors: Almeida Sá Gildácio José de , Bessa Maia José Everardo
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the architecture and operation of a HistoricalNewspaper Page Image Topic Navigation System designed tofacilitate the access and use of social and historical research tothe historical newspaper collection. The system consists of fourmodules which are: Text Subimage Segmentation, Text Extractionand Preprocessing, Topic Network Extraction, and Document Viewingand Retrieval Interface. The algorithmic and technological approachesof each module are described and the initial test resultsare presented.
A Aplicabilidade de uma Ferramenta de Correção Automatizada em Exercícios de Pensamento Computacional
Authors: Ugarte Calvet da Silveira Heitor , Mattos Mauro , Araújo Kohler Luciana , Fronza Leonardo , Kohn Jorge , Fibrantz Guilherme
Published: September 2020

The computer area is elementary to many knowledge areas. In thisway, the computational thinking was included in Common BaseNational Curriculum to teach the children since the elementaryschool. The Computational Thinking (CT) is associate to developmentof habilities that involves abstraction capabilities of a context,allow to express to a generic solution, it supports the analysis andevaluation of a solution proposed. With the CT in the schools it iselementary that the teacher understand the basic concepts aboutprogramming to teach the students and manage to correct and evaluatethe exercices developed by them. In this context, many toolswere developed to support the teachers in the evaluate exercicesprocess. In this way, this paper presents a tool to set right the exercicesas a automated way. The purpose of this paper is identify theimpact caused by tool in relation to the manual evaluation process,besides validate its applicability in a classroom.
Uma Arquitetura para Integrar Processos de Negócios e Situações Contextuais por Meio de Regras de Negócio
Authors: Augusto Melo Rohten Luis , Gonçalves Pereira Filho José
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the concept of situational-awareness has been exploredby the information systems areas in order to analyze contextsensitivedata. This approach seeks to detect a particular state ofinterest in reality, that is, a contextual situation and react accordingly,helping to improve adaptability to changing domain conditions.In this paper, we describe a conceptual architecture focused onthe representation of contextual situations through business rulesand their integration with business processes. As a proof of concept,an application for real-time monitoring of medical deviceswas implemented. This work has shown that bringing situationalawareness to information systems can reduce the complexity ofbusiness processes as well as increase the reliability of the domainrepresentation model.
Aplicação Mobile para Automatização do Registro de Presença de Estudantes
Authors: Rufino Ajiki Luyara , Souza dos Santos Munir , Fernando Delboni Lomba Luiz
Published: September 2020

Since attendance monitoring and recording plays a key role in the school environment, especially regarding the duties of students and guardians, the purpose of this paper was to develop a mobile application to automate student attendance recording using Near Field Communication technology. (NFC). Students record their presence by approaching an NFC tag (present on ID badges) from a teacher’s mobile device, which receives identification data from the students present. This verification method is an additional option for making calls and enables recorded data to be exported and used in the school’s academic system.
Desenvolvimento de um Software para Auxílio na Comunicação de quem tem Transtorno do Espectro Autista - TEA
Authors: Ribeiro Doria Julia , Cavalcante Lopes Mariana , Azuaga Braga Paulo , Da Silva Oliveira Junior Adair
Published: September 2020

Autistic Spectrum Disorder - TEA is marked by a number of characteristics that influence the daily lives of citizens with the disorder. This change consists of difficulty in communicating with society, badly social interaction and restricted and repetitive behavior, of- ten not dealing with changes in routine. Due to these obstacles faced by autists, forms of intervention arise in order to social inclusion towards these people, such as alternative methods that help autistics communicate. The Picture Exchange Communication System - PECS is one of these assistive tools, based on picture communication, one simulates autism and others everyday foods and objects. However, this method has some issues, for example, some of them cannot associate an illustrative figure that represents an object in reality, causing the PECS to be unusable. From this, this project based on the development and implementation of the site “SeuPecs”, based on the above Communication System, with the creation of unique PECS for each autistic in order to contribute to the communication of who has the TEA.
Contando Histórias com Realidade Aumentada Livro Interativo para Crianças com Necessidades Especiais em Lábrea–AM
Authors: KauanadaSilva Francisca , NascimentoRodrigues Mizael , MatthausBarbosa Fabiann
Published: September 2020

Itisobservedthattheconstantevolutionoftechnologyistakingeducationtonewdirections,emphasizingtheuseofnewtoolsandprovidingeffectiveimprovementsintheteaching/learningprocess.AugmentedReality(AR)technologycanbeagreattoolineducationandcanalsotargetchildrenwithspecialneeds.ARapplicationsineducationcanbenefitallwhohavemoreorlessneedsandcanbecomeausefulandinnovativetoolineducation.Thus,thispaperaimstopresentthedevelopmentofasysteminARthroughaninteractivechildren'stextbooktellingthestoryofthemunicipalityofLabrea,intheinteriorofAmazonas,exploringthedifficultiesofstudentswithautismandcerebralpalsy,showingthestudentinteractionwithabstractknowledgecompletelyandfacilitatingthewaytotheunderstandingoftheoriesandconcepts.
Pare Certo -Fiscalização Automática de Vagas de Estacionamento Reservadas
Authors: Alves de Araujo Letícia , Jose Luiz Junior Olavo , Fioravante Ferro Humberto
Published: September 2020

In Brazil, public and private parking lots have to reserve 2% of theirparking spaces for people with physical disabilities (PCD).However, since those spots are seldom monitored properly, somedrivers with no mobility issues deliberately use them. To preventsuch abuses, this work proposes the use of a surveillance devicecalled Pare Certo to monitor reserved parking spaces. By using acamera and computer vision algorithms, Pare Certo captures theimage of a car and recognizes its license plate. In case the vehicle isnot entitled to use reserved spots, the device will beep until thevehicle is removed and, in case the offender ignores the warning, anotification with the vehicle data will be sent via wi-fi to an officerwho can take the appropriate measures. A prototype was built tovalidate the concepts developed in this project and performedsatisfactorily in the tests performed.
Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Lamivudine and Stavudine using π-Acceptors as Analytical Reagents
Authors: Sayanna  , Veeraiah T. , Ramana Reddy Ch. Venkata
Published: September 2020

Two new sensitive and precise spectrophotometric methods have been proposed and developed for the simultaneous estimation of lamivudine and stavudine in pure mixture and in pharmaceutical binary dosage forms. A new concept of area under curve (AUC) is proposed for simultaneous estimation of two drugs by these methods. Method A involves the use of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as analytical reagent and the AUC between 390 nm and 690 nm for DDQ was used for determination. Method B involves the use of p-chloranilic acid: 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4- benzoquinone (p-CA) as an analytical reagent and the AUC between 400 and 700 nm for p-chloranilic acid was used for deter-mination. The methods developed and construction of calibration curves using two analytical reagents viz., DDQ and p-chloranilic acid are described. Optical and analytical parameters for the individual and simultaneous determination of lamivudine and stavudine using AUC are tabulated. The methods have been validated and compared with HPLC methods in terms of standard deviation, t-test and F-test.
Synthesis of Thienyl-Isoxazolines and in vitro Screening for their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Vagish C.B. , Renuka N. , Ajay Kumar K. , Jayadevappa H.P.
Published: September 2020

A series of thiophene conjugated isoxazoles were efficiently synthesized using a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst Amberlyst-15 in good yields. The synthesized new compounds 5(a-j) were characterized by spectral and elemental analysis and screened in vitro for their antimicrobial potencies. Amongst the synthesized series; compounds 5c and 5j having chloro substitution on both thiophene and aromatic ring exhibited excellent inhibition against the tested species.
Catalyst and Solvent Free Synthesis and Biological Activities of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine
Authors: B. Gundlewad Gangadhar , Wagh S.S. , R. Patil Bhagwan.
Published: September 2020

A series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were synthesized by the reaction of α-chloroacetophenone and 2-aminopyridine under catalyst and solvent free condition. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. These imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were screened for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced rat hind paw edema model. Good anti-inflammatory activity was shown by few compounds. The antibacterial activity was studied against two Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis, two Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and S. typhi and antifungal activity against P. chrysogenum, F. moneliforme, A. flavus and A. niger. All the synthesized compounds were desplayed good antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Some of the compounds were shown higher antibacterial activity than reference drug penicillin.
Estudo dos egressos do Programa de Iniciação Científica PIBIC/CNPQ na área da Ciência da Informacão
Authors: Angelo Edna da Silva , Oliveira Carlos Alexandre de , Oliveira Marlene , Dias Thiago Magela Rodrigues
Published: September 2020

O artigo identifica o perfil científico dos bolsistas de iniciação científica PIBIC do CNPq entre os anos de 2001 e 2013 na área de Ciência da Informação do Brasil. O objetivo é verificar se esse fomento está contribuindo para a formação de recursos humanos para a pesquisa, por meio de uma perspectiva censitária e análise descritiva. Conhecer essa realidade é o tipo de indício para apoiar as políticas públicas de fomento. Analisaram-se as 1.940 bolsas concedidas e o perfil dos 899 bolsistas contemplados. Por fim, certifica a eficácia do investimento na área, que apresenta indicadores maiores que a média global.
Incidence, Factors, and Patient-Level Data for Spontaneous HBsAg Seroclearance: A Cohort Study of 11,264 Patients
Authors: Yeo Yee Hui , Tseng Tai-Chung , Hosaka Tetsuya , Cunningham Chris , Fung James Yan Yue , Ho Hsiu J. , Kwak Min-Sun , Trinh Huy N. , Ungtrakul Teerapat , Yu Ming-Lung , Kobayashi Mariko , Le An K. , Henry Linda , Li Jiayi , Zhang Jian , Sriprayoon Tassanee , Jeong Donghak , Tanwandee Tawesak , Gane Ed , Cheung Ramsey C. , Wu Chun-Ying , Lok Anna S. , Lee Hyo-Suk , Suzuki Fumitaka , Yuen Man-Fung , Kao Jia-Horng , Yang Hwai-I , Nguyen Mindie H.
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance, the functional cure of hepatitis B infection, occurs rarely. Prior original studies are limited by insufficient sample size and/or follow-up, and recent meta-analyses are limited by inclusion of only study-level data and lack of adjustment for confounders to investigate HBsAg seroclearance rates in most relevant subgroups. Using a cohort with detailed individual patient data, we estimated spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance rates through patient and virologic characteristics.

METHODS:

We analyzed 11,264 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B with serial HBsAg data from 4 North American and 8 Asian Pacific centers, with 1,393 patients with HBsAg seroclearance (≥2 undetectable HBsAg ≥6 months apart) during 106,192 person-years. The annual seroclearance rate with detailed categorization by infection phase, further stratified by hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status, sex, age, and quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg), was performed.

RESULTS:

The annual seroclearance rate was 1.31% (95% confidence interval: 1.25–1.38) and over 7% in immune inactive patients aged ≥55 years and with qHBsAg <100 IU/mL. The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year cumulative rates were 4.74%, 10.72%, 18.80%, and 24.79%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, male (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.66), older age (41–55 years: aHR = 1.16; >55 years: aHR = 1.21), negative HBeAg (aHR = 6.34), and genotype C (aHR = 1.82) predicted higher seroclearance rates, as did lower hepatitis B virus DNA and lower qHBsAg (P < 0.05 for all), and inactive carrier state.

DISCUSSION:

The spontaneous annual HBsAg seroclearance rate was 1.31%, but varied from close to zero to about 5% among most chronic hepatitis B subgroups, with older, male, HBeAg-negative, and genotype C patients with lower alanine aminotransferase and hepatitis B virus DNA, and qHBsAg independently associated with higher rates (see Visual Abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/CTG/A367).
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Reoperation Rate Has Decreased Over Time If Corrected by Prevalence
Authors: Santiago Mafalda , Magro Fernando , Correia Luís , Portela Francisco , Ministro Paula , Lago Paula , Trindade Eunice , Dias Cláudia Camila
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Despite the recent emergence of expensive biologic therapies, hospitalization and surgery remain important contributors for the overall costs of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we aimed to describe the burden of reoperations in patients with IBD by evaluating reoperation rates, charges, and risk factors over 16 years.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective analysis of all hospital discharges, with focus on reoperations and with a primary diagnosis of IBD, in public hospitals between 2000 and 2015 in mainland Portugal from the Central Administration of the Health System's national registry. We collected data on patient, clinical, and healthcare charges. We used multivariate regressions to estimate the risk factors of IBD-related reoperations.

RESULTS:

We found that 5% of IBD-related hospitalizations were related to reoperations. The number of reoperations per year increased by approximately 200%. However, when corrected by the prevalence of the disease, IBD reoperation rates decreased. Mean IBD-related charges per hospitalization were 7,780 € in 2000 and 10,592 € in 2015, with total charges reaching 6.7 million euros by the end of the study. Risk factors for reoperation include urgent hospitalization, in patients with ulcerative colitis (odds ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.19–3.17, P = 0.008), and colic disease, in patients with Crohn's disease (odds ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.06–2.34, P = 0.025).

DISCUSSION:

To obtain an accurate scenario of reoperations among patients with IBD, it is mandatory to adjust the number of reoperations to the prevalence of the disease. Reoperation and its risk factors should be closely monitored to decrease the burden of IBD to the healthcare system.
On Emily Paul on Brian Leftow
Authors: Collier Matthew James
Published: September 2020

Emily Paul has recently argued that Brian Leftow’s account of why the import of God’s becoming Incarnate is not temporal but modal fails. She argues that Leftow’s required modal variation is not satisfied. That is, we do not have the required variation across logical space concerning the Incarnation. Paul examines her argument on two possible worlds theories: theistic ersatzism and (what I call) Lewisian theism. She thinks that both possible worlds theories face difficulties. I argue that Paul fails to provide a compelling argument against Leftow because, firstly, her defence of one her premises fails, and, secondly, she misjudges what is required for some of Leftow’s claims to be true. I also argue that some of the problematic consequences that Paul raises for theistic ersatzism and Lewisian theism either are not problematic or can be avoided.
La perichoresis e la grammatica teologica dei primi sette Concili ecumenici
Authors: Maspero Giulio
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the history of the term perichoresis in the space of time embraced by the first seven ecumenical councils. After the Christological debut of the terminology in the fourth century in the work of Gregory of Nazianzus to indicate the dynamism of the relationship of the two natures of Christ in the hypostatic union, the text shows how this theological transition was the basis of the development in Maximus the Confessor. In the seventh century he applied the theological gain of Gregory of Nazianzus to divinization, making explicit the Christological foundation of Christian salvation. The journey ends in the 8th century with John Damascene, who applies perichoresis to both Christology and divinization, as already seen before him, but extends the terminology to the Trinitarian dimension, thus sealing the parable of theological thought. This makes it possible to recognize a true theological grammar which, consistently with Timothy Pawl's studies, reveals the architectural value of a Conciliar Trinitarianism, as a Trinitarian epistemology based on a Trinitarian anthropology, in turn rooted in a Trinitarian ontology. 

Abstract: L'articolo analizza la storia del termine perichoresis nello spazio di tempo abbracciato dai primi sette concili ecumenici. Dopo l'esordio cristologico nel IV secolo della terminologia nell'opera di Gregorio di Nazianzo per indicare la dinamicità del rapporto delle due nature del Cristo nell'unione ipostatica, si mostra come questo passo teologico sarà la base dello sviluppo in Massimo il Confessore. Questi nel VII seccolo applicherà il guadagno teologico del Nazianzeno alla divinizzazione, esplicitando il fondamento cristologico della salvezza cristiana. Il percorso si conclude nell'VIII secolo con Giovanni Damasceno, il quale applica perichoresis sia alla cristologia, sia alla divinizzazione, come già prima di lui, ma estende la terminologia anche alla dimensione trinitaria, sigillando così la parabola del pensiero teologico. Ciò permette di riconoscere una vera e propria grammatica teologica che, coerentemente con gli studi di Timothy Pawl, rivela il valore architettonico di un Conciliar Trinitarianism, come epistemologia trinitaria che si fonda su un'antropologia trinitaria, a sua volta radicata in una ontologia trinitaria.
Diversidad y distribución de briófitos epífilos en Beilschmiedia costaricensis (Mez & Pittier) C.K. Allen (Lauraceae)
Authors: Guerra Batista Nikelly , Arrocha Clotilde , Rodríguez Quiel Eyvar , Benítez Chávez Angel Raimundo
Published: September 2020

En los bosques montanos tropicales los briófitos son importantes en términos de diversidad y funcionamiento; allí, los briófitos que crecen sobre hojas son particularmente abundantes. El objetivo fue evaluar la riqueza y composición de comunidades epífilas en tres zonas del dosel de un árbol hospedador en el Parque Internacional La Amistad, Panamá. En cada árbol se colocaron seis hojas al azar, dos por zona de la copa (baja, media y alta). Se registró en total 48 especies, 89 % pertenecen a Marchantiophyta y 11 % a Bryophyta. La familia Lejeuneaceae representó el 70 % de las especies. La riqueza de especies disminuye desde la zona baja del dosel hacia la parte alta; sin embargo, las comunidades son similares entre zonas. Condiciones microclimáticas específicas del sotobosque podrían favorecer una mayor riqueza en la zona baja del dosel. Realizar investigaciones teniendo en cuenta factores ambientales y estructurales del bosque permitirá una mejor comprensión de estos cambios en diversidad.
BALL KICKING BIOELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF MUSCLES IN STUDENTS PLAYING SNOW FOOTBALL
Authors: Kapilevich L , Gaevaya Yu , Ilyin A
Published: September 2020

Aim. The article aims to explore the features of a ball kicking bioelectric activity of lower limbs muscles in students playing snow football. Materials and methods. 30 males aged 21–25 years old were examined (3–4-year students): the control group consisted of 15 people playing football; the main group included 15 people playing snow football. Athletes kick a ball on a normal and on a slippery surface, imitation of a slippery surface was carried out using a GYMSTICK Power Slider 61131-PRO slide board. To record the bioelectric activity of the muscles, the Neuro-MVP-4 multifunctional computer system was used (Neurosoft, Ivanovo, Russia). The bioelectric activity of the calf muscles (the medial lateral head of the calf muscle), the rectus femoris muscle, and the adductor longus muscle was studied. Results: It has been shown that athletes playing football and snow football have different and largely opposite motor stereotypes of intermuscular coordination when kicking the ball in usual conditions. When this action is repeated under unusual conditions, stereotype distortion is observed. Football players are characterized by a partial stereotype distortion, while people playing snow football are almost completely disorganized on a normal surface. Conclusion: Football training for students playing various types of football should be carried out in different conditions and implement various strategies. In particular, it should be aimed at various muscle groups. Ball kicking in unusual conditions should be used carefully, as this can be accompanied by a negative transfer of skills and reduce the effectiveness of athletes’ performance.