bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the evolution of express packaging recycling strategy considering virtual incentives and heterogeneous subsidies
Authors: Zhilong You , Guisheng Hou
Published: May 2023

With the growth of e-commerce business volume, a large amount of express packaging waste is generated, causing certain damage to the environment. In response to this problem, the China Post Bureau pointed out the plan to strengthen express packaging recycling, and large e-commerce platforms such as JD.com have taken actions. Starting from this background, this paper uses a tripartite evolutionary game model to study the strategies evolution of consumers, e-commerce companies and e-commerce platforms. At the same time, the model considers the influence of platform virtual incentives and heterogeneous subsidies on equilibrium evolution. The study found that with the increase of virtual incentives from the platform to consumers, consumers converge to the strategy of "participating" in express packaging recycling faster and faster. When the assumption of participation constraints for cosumers is relaxed, the virtual incentives of the platform are still effective, but it will be affected by the initial willingness of consumers; when the e-commerce platform uses a single method to subsidize, it can effectively encourage e-commerce companies to use green packaging items. Compared with direct subsidize, the policy flexibility of the discount coefficient is stronger, in addition, moderate double subsidies can also achieve the same effect, and the e-commerce platform can make decisions based on the actual situation. The cyclical fluctuations in the strategies of consumers and e-commerce companies in the case of high additional profit coefficients of e-commerce companies may be the reason why the current express packaging recycling program is not effective. In addition, this article also discusses the influence of other parameters on the equilibrium evolution, and gives targeted countermeasures.
DNA fragmentation and multifaceted toxicity induced by high-dose vanadium exposure determined by the bioindicator Allium test
Authors: Kaya Mehmet , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin , Yalçin Emine , Acar Ali
Published: May 2023

In this study, the toxicity of vanadium (VCI3) inAllium cepaL. was studied. Germination-related parameters, mitotic index (MI), catalase (CAT) activity, chromosomal abnormalities (CAs), malondialdehyde (MDA) level, micronucleus (MN) frequency and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were investigated. The effects of VCI3exposure on the DNA of meristem cells were investigated with the help of comet assay, and the relationships between physiological, cytogenetic and biochemical parameters were revealed by correlation and PCA analyses.A. cepabulbs were germinated with different concentrations of VCI3for 72 h. As a result, the maximum germination (100%), root elongation (10.4 cm) and weight gain (6.85 g) were determined in the control. VCI3treatment caused significant decreases in all tested germination-related parameters compared to the control. The highest percentage of MI (8.62%) was also observed in the control. No CAs were found in the control, except for a few sticky chromosomes and unequal distribution of chromatin (p > 0.05). VCI3treatment caused significant decreases in MI and increases in the frequencies of CAs and MN, depending on the dose. Similarly, the comet assay showed that DNA damage scores increased with increasing VCI3doses. The lowest root MDA (6.50 µM/g) level and SOD (36.7 U/mg) and CAT (0.82 OD240nmmin/g) activities were also measured in the control. VCI3treatment caused significant increases in root MDA levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. Besides, VCI3treatment induced anatomical damages such as flattened cell nucleus, epidermis cell damage, binuclear cell, thickening in the cortex cell wall, giant cell nucleus, damages in cortex cell and unclear vascular tissue. All examined parameters showed significant negative or positive correlations with each other. PCA analysis confirmed the relations of investigated parameters and VCI3exposure.
Solid–liquid phase transition inside van der Waals nanobubbles: an atomistic perspective
Authors: Korneva Mariia , Zhilyaev Petr
Published: May 2023

The liquid–solid phase transition during the confinement of a van der Waals bubble is studied using molecular dynamics simulations.
Carbazole/fluorene-substituted 5-phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine D–π–A fluorophores: photophysical data, hyperpolarizability and CT-indices
Authors: Starnovskaya Ekaterina S. , Valieva Maria I. , Aluru Rammohan , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Khasanov Albert F. , Taniya Olga S. , Novikov Alexander S. , Kalinichev Alexey A. , Santra Sougata , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Ranu Brindban C.
Published: May 2023

A new series of D–π–A push–pull fluorophores containing 2,2′-bipyridine domain acceptor with terminal electron-donating carbazole/fluorene groups has been reported and those exhibit good fluorescence performance.
Optical and electrical features of calcium molybdate scheelite solar cells
Authors: Stigger Ananda Ramires das Neves , Hernandes Vinicius Fonseca , Ferrer Mateus Meneghetti , Moreira Mario Lucio
Published: May 2023

Calcium molybdate (CMO) is a material used in several technological applications.
Conversion of benzyl phenyl ether to monoaromatics in high-temperature aqueous ethanol solution under high-pressure carbon dioxide conditions
Authors: Taniguchi Kenkichi , Kusumawati Etty N. , Nanao Hidetaka , Rode Chandrashekhar V. , Sato Osamu , Yamaguchi Aritomo , Shirai Masayuki
Published: May 2023

Solvolysis of benzyl phenyl ether, which is a model compound of lignin ether linkage, was performed in an aqueous ethanol solution, which can be obtained from bioethanol, under high-pressure carbon dioxide conditions.
Optimized distributed Goppa codes based on spatial modulation
Authors: Zhao Chunli , Yang Fengfan , Waweru Daniel Kariuki , Chen Chen , Xu Hongjun
Published: May 2023

The distributed Goppa coded spatial modulation (DGC‐SM) scheme is proposed in cooperative scenarios. In the proposed DGC‐SM scheme, the relay chooses the partial information from the source by using the idea of information selection, and then re‐encodes the selected information. At the destination, a distributed Goppa code is obtained corresponding to each selection. In order to get the best possible code, an optimal information selection algorithm is proposed at the relay. In the proposed optimal algorithm, all selections and source message sequences are considered, which results in high complexity. Thus, another optimized information selection algorithm with low complexity is proposed at the relay. To further enhance the capability to get the source information, two efficient joint decoding algorithms called smart decoding algorithm and improved smart decoding algorithm are proposed. Moreover, the bit error rate (BER) performance bound of the proposed DGC‐SM scheme is derived. Through the simulations, the effectiveness of the proposed two optimized information selection algorithms is confirmed. Also, it is observed that the simulation and analytical results closely match at high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).
Development of a portable assistive exoskeleton for human arm movements
Authors: Zhao Yongkun , Mao Juzheng , Todoh Masahiro
Published: May 2023

Over the past two decades, the number of people with arm disabilities has dramatically increased. Many researchers have begun to concentrate on developing technologies to address this challenge. Exoskeleton is one of the most successful technologies out of these since it does not require medical staff to accompany the patients and can continually rehabilitate the patients until they regain the ability to move voluntarily. However, the majority of exoskeletons are anchored to the ground and individuals are unable to purchase one due to its high manufacturing costs. Furthermore, since this type of exoskeleton is anchored to the ground, patients must go to hospitals to get rehabilitation services. In this study, a portable assistive exoskeleton for human arm motions is designed to address this problem. This device can carry patients' arms to the desired position by adhering to a prescribed trajectory by medical specialists. The main parts of this exoskeleton are made of polylactic acid and produced using 3D printing technology. Therefore, the total manufacturing costs of the exoskeleton are not excessive and the weight of it is not high as well.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, …
Authors: Zerbe Holm , Knubben Gabriela , Martin Rainer
Published: May 2023

„Das Unmögliche versuchen, um das Mögliche zu
erreichen“ ist einer der Leitsprüche von Prof. Dr. Rolf Mansfeld,
der zum 1. April 2023 aus dem aktiven Dienst als Professor für
„Euterkunde und Bestandsbetreuung“ an der Tierärztlichen
Fakultät der LMU München in den Ruhestand ausscheidet. Die
Beiträge dieser Ausgabe der Tierärztlichen Praxis sind von
Weggefährt*innen verfasst und dem wissenschaftlichen Wirken von
Prof. Mansfeld gewidmet.
Messtechnische Verfahren im Kontext der DVO Leitlinie – neue
Entwicklungen
Authors: Engelke Klaus , Müller Dirk , Bühring Bjoern , Thomasius Friederike
Published: May 2023

Die Osteodensitometrie, die Bestimmung von Knochendichte und biochemischer
Knochenumbauparameter sind ein integraler Bestandteil der DVO Leitlinie. Dieser
Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über neue Studien und neue
technische Entwicklungen soweit sie insbesondere im Kontext der Leitlinie, also
für Diagnose, Bestimmung des Frakturrisikos und Verlaufskontrolle
relevant sind. Dabei stehen zunächst die Verfahren im Vordergrund, die
unmittelbar zur Anpassung von Empfehlungen geführt haben. Andere
Techniken wie das sogenannte „opportunistic screening“ von
Routine CT Aufnahmen haben zwar noch keinen Eingang in die Leitlinie gefunden,
allerdings scheint aufgrund ihres Potentials, die Identifikation von Patienten
mit hohem Frakturrisiko wesentlich zu verbessern, ein Überblick auch
über diese Methoden im Rahmen dieses Beitrages gerechtfertigt.
Detection of fragment migration into the biceps tendon sheath
originating from a humeral osteochondrosis lesion – A case report and
review of the literature
Authors: Brandstetter Viktoria , Wunderlin Nadja , Günther Charlotte
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this report is to demonstrate that radiographic evaluation of the
canine shoulder joint alone is not sensitive enough to detect migrated
osteochondral fragments within the biceps tendon sheath, as a sequela to
osteochondrosis dissecans of the caudal humeral head. A 6-months-old, male,
35 kg Hovawart was referred due to chronic intermittent lameness on the
left forelimb. Survey radiographs revealed a semilunar radiolucency surrounded
by a moderately sclerotic rim at the caudal aspect of the left humeral head,
referred to as osteochondrosis dissecans. However, only computed tomography
combined with ultrasonography could clearly confirm a dislodged osteochondral
fragment within the left biceps tendon sheath and a consequent tenosynovitis.
Arthroscopic treatment on the clinically affected left forelimb followed by an
additional approach over the left biceps tendon sheath to remove the migrated
fragment resulted in a complete remission of the lameness until the last
follow-up one year after surgery. In our opinion, computed tomography should be
applied in the medical work up of canine shoulder osteochondrosis (OC) as
standard. Combined with ultrasonography, it can further aid in complete
evaluation of the shoulder joint and reliable exclusion of displaced
osteochondral fragments, which might also be missed during arthroscopy when
located too far distally.
Echtzeitanalyse des Geburtsablaufes bei Hündinnen einer
mittelgroßen Rasse
Authors: Bostedt Hartwig , Blim Sarah , Ossig Barbara , Sparenberg Marion , Failing Klaus
Published: May 2023

Gegenstand Verfolgung der Geburt unter kontrollierten Bedingungen bei
gesunden Hündinnen, um detaillierte Kenntnisse über den
natürlichen Geburtsablauf zu gewinnen und zu ermitteln, wann Betreuer
tierärztliche Unterstützung anfordern.

Material und Methoden Von 345 Boxerhündinnen wurden Daten zu
Graviditätsdauer, Geburtsverlauf, Wurfgröße und
neonatologischen Kennwerten erhoben. Die bei der Geburt in Echtzeit erfassten
Daten wurden statistisch ausgewertet (u. a. ein- oder mehrfaktorielle
Varianzanalysen, Korrelations-, Regressionsanalysen sowie nichtparametrische
Verfahren).

Ergebnisse Hündinnen mit geringerer Fetenzahl waren signifikant
länger gravid als solche mit hoher Fetenzahl (p=0,0012). Der
Anteil vitaler Neonaten nahm ab dem 5. Wurf signifikant ab (p=0,0072).
Weibliche Neonaten hatten ein geringeres Geburtsgewicht als männliche
(p<0,0001). Diurnale Einflüsse auf den Eintritt des Stadiums II
bestanden nicht. Die Geburten ließen sich in 3 Gruppen einteilen:
Eutokien (54,6%), Eutokien mit prophylaktischen Maßnahmen
betreuerseits (20,5%) und Dystokien (24,9%). Hündinnen
der Gruppe 1 waren etwas jünger als die der Gruppen 2 und 3. Der Anteil
älterer Primiparae (≥ 4 Jahre) lag in Gruppe 2 und 3 signifikant
höher als in Gruppe 1 (p<0,05). Die Gesamtgeburtsdauer
differierte zwischen Gruppe 1 und 2 signifikant (p<0,0001). In Gruppe 3
war der Anteil an Hündinnen mit einer Wehenschwäche Typ I
auffallend hoch (45,2%). Bei 83,8% der Geburten (Gruppe 1 und 2)
kam es zu einer oder mehreren Wehenpausen (>60 min) mit einer
Abhängigkeit zur Wurfgröße (p=0,0025). Die
Totgeburtenrate stieg in Korrelation zur Geburtsdauer. Gründe
für eine tierärztliche Intervention waren hauptsächlich
eine Wehenschwäche von Typ I und III. Zwischen Erkennen einer
Geburtsstörung und tierärztlicher Vorstellung lagen im Mittel
4,8±3,3 Stunden.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Hündinnen mit Hyperfetie
(+20% über dem Mittel), uni- oder biparer
Gravidität sowie Primigravidae ≥ 4 Jahre sollten im
Hinblick auf die Geburt als Risikopatienten klassifiziert werden. Betreuenden
ist zu raten, die Hündin bei einer Geburtskomplikation in
Abhängigkeit von der Symptomatik zeitnah in einer Praxis/Klinik
vorzustellen, um Fälle von maternaler Inanition und Depression der
fetalen Vitalität zu minimieren.
Bessere Abwehr durch Thermotherapie jenseits natürlicher Quellen?
Authors: Stange Rainer
Published: May 2023

Wärme- und Kälteanwendungen werden seit Jahrhunderten in der Medizin eingesetzt. Moderne Medizintechnik bietet heute verschiedene Möglichkeiten, den gesamten Körper oder einzelne Bereiche schonend zu hyperthermieren sowie extremen hypothermen Bedingungen auszusetzen. Diese Verfahren werden unter anderem angewandt, um die Immunabwehr zu stärken. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse dokumentieren diesen grundsätzlich plausiblen Anspruch bezüglich der Infektionsabwehr bislang allenfalls an einzelnen Parametern, in der onkologischen Abwehr anhand der Wirkungsverstärkung immunologischer Therapien.
Neue Arzneimittel für Kleintiere 2022
Authors: Emmerich Ilka Ute
Published: May 2023

Im Jahr 2022 kamen für Kleintiere 3 neue Wirkstoffe auf den deutschen
Tierarzneimittelmarkt: der periphere selektive
α2-Adrenozeptor-Antagonist Vatinoxan in Kombination mit
Medetomidin (Zenalpha®), mesenchymale Stammzellen aus der Nabelschnur
von Pferden (DogStem®) und das Ektoparasitikum Tigolaner in
Kombination mit Emodepsid und Praziquantel (Felpreva®). Kein
Wirkstoff erhielt eine Tierartenerweiterung. Des Weiteren kamen für
Kleintiere auf den Markt: Vier Wirkstoffe (Acetylcystein, Clindamycin,
Metoclopramid, Oclacitinibmaleat) in einer neuen Darreichungsform, ein Wirkstoff
mit einem neuen Wirkstoffgehalt (Firocoxib) und eine neue Wirkstoffkombinationen
in einer neuen Darreichungsform
(Ketoconazol+Marbofloxacin+Prednisolon).
Tardigrade and Manifold Sign: Two New Signs in Dupuytren's Disease
Authors: Reyntiens Pieter , Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Jager Tjeerd
Published: May 2023

Dupuytren's disease (DD) is a chronic benign fibroproliferative disorder of the palmar and digital fasciae. It is characterized by formation of nodules and fibrous cords that may eventually lead to contractures with permanent flexion of the finger joints. Correction of the flexion contractures in advanced disease is still performed by open limited fasciectomy; ultrasonography (US)-guided minimally invasive treatment is preferred for early disease.

We provide an overview of the detailed anatomy of the palmar aponeurosis and the structures that may be involved in DD. Although magnetic resonance imaging is used as the gold standard, these small anatomical structures are often better visible on US. We describe two new morphological signs due to thickening of these small structures in patients with DD: the tardigrade
sign and the manifold
sign.

Familiarity with detailed imaging anatomy and these new imaging signs of DD will help confirm a correct and early diagnosis and distinguish this disease from various other entities.
Ankle and Foot Deformities in Children
Authors: Inarejos Clemente Emilio J. , Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , Catala March Jordi , Restrepo Ricardo
Published: May 2023

Ankle and foot deformity is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in children and a leading cause of functional impairment and diminished quality of life when not treated. A spectrum of conditions may produce foot and ankle deformities, with congenital disorders the most frequent cause, followed by acquired conditions. Congenital disorders include congenital talipes equinovarus or congenital clubfoot, metatarsus adductus, skewfoot, congenital vertical talus, and tarsal coalition.

Some of these deformities are frequent and easily diagnosed based on clinical features, but clinical overlap between pathologies can be challenging. Thus imaging plays a paramount role in evaluating these patients. Radiographs are the first imaging modality of choice, but they may not be sufficient in infants due to the lack of ossification of the tarsal bones. Ultrasonography allows not only a detailed visualization of the cartilaginous structures but also permits a dynamic study of the foot and ankle. Computed tomography may be necessary in certain conditions such as tarsal coalitions.
Ankle Instability Update
Authors: Cerezal Alvaro , Ocampo Ronald , Llopis Eva , Cerezal Luis
Published: May 2023

Sprains are the most frequent injuries of the ankle, especially in sports. Up to 85% of cases affect the lateral ligament complex. Multi-ligament injuries with associated lesions of the external complex, deltoid, syndesmosis, and sinus tarsi ligaments are also common. Most ankle sprains respond to conservative treatment. However, up to 20 to 30% of patients can develop chronic ankle pain and instability.

New concepts have been recently developed, based on arthroscopic advances, such as microinstability and rotatory ankle instability. These entities could be precursors of mechanical ankle instability and at the origin of frequently associated ankle injuries, such as peroneus tendon lesions, impingement syndromes, or osteochondral lesions.

Imaging methods, especially magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR arthrography, are key in precisely diagnosing ligament lesions and associated injuries, facilitating an adequate therapeutic approach.
Improved microwave SQUID multiplexer readout using a kinetic-inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier
Authors: Malnou M. , Mates J. A. B. , Vissers M. R. , Vale L. R. , Schmidt D. R. , Bennett D. A. , Gao J. , Ullom J. N.
Published: May 2023

We report on the use of a kinetic-inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier (KITWPA) as the first amplifier in the readout chain of a microwave superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexer (μmux). This μmux is designed to multiplex signals from arrays of low temperature detectors, such as superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters. When modulated with a periodic flux-ramp to linearize the SQUID response, the flux noise improves, on average, from 1.6 μΦ0/Hz with the KITWPA off to 0.77 μΦ0/Hz with the KITWPA on. When statically biasing the μmux to the maximally flux-sensitive point, the flux noise drops from 0.45 μΦ0/Hz to 0.2 μΦ0/Hz. We validate this new readout scheme by coupling a transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter to the μmux and detecting background radiation. The combination of μmux and KITWPA provides a variety of new capabilities including improved detector sensitivity and more efficient bandwidth utilization.
Wind-driven transport on the rotating spherical Earth
Authors: Paldor N. , Friedland L.
Published: May 2023

The dynamics of a water column at the surface of the ocean on the rotating spherical Earth forced by zonal wind stress is analyzed by substituting the angular momentum for the zonal velocity as one of the system's dependent variables. This substitution results in a model of the column's trajectory as a quasiparticle in a time dependent potential well. Explicit solutions are derived for the temporal changes in the angular momentum and the associated minima of the potential well as well as for the oscillations about these minima. The analytic results are confirmed by numerical solutions of the fourth-order nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations. For the eastward directed wind stress, our results provide exact formulas for the time it takes a column to reach the equator, where the dynamics is trivially described by the non-rotating paradigm of a particle subject to a constant force. In mid-latitudes, the analysis underscores the pivotal role played by the latitude where the wind-stress changes sign. Columns originating north or south of this latitude either converge to it or diverge away from it depending on whether the latitudinal change of the wind stress at this latitude is positive or negative. The oscillatory motion about this latitude is linearly unstable, and the growth rate of the amplitude is proportional to the gradient of the wind stress at that latitude.
Argument indexing in Kamang
Authors: Walker Katherine , Faghiri Pegah , van Lier Eva
Published: May 2023

Kamang (Alor-Pantar, non-Austronesian/Papuan) has a typologically unusual system of argument indexing, in which the S or P argument can be indexed on the verb by one of several prefix paradigms. Some verbs always show indexing, while others exhibit differential argument indexing (DAI). In DAI, the use of a particular prefix paradigm or zero marking depends on different (combinations of) factors. We investigate the effects of argument role (S, P), independent argument realisation, the animacy and topicality of the indexed argument, and lexical stipulation. We perform a quantitative analysis of these factors for the first time in Kamang discourse, drawing on an annotated corpus of spoken Kamang. A complex picture emerges in which Kamang argument indexing is best viewed not as a single system, but as multiple subsystems for which different factors are relevant in a given context, and which do not operate on all verbs or all indexing strategies equally.
Gina DeNicola: In vivo veritas
Authors: Morgado-Palacin Lucia
Published: May 2023

Gina DeNicola investigates the metabolism of cancer cells in vivo with a focus on NRF2 and the tumor microenvironment.
Ultra-Broadband Thermal Emitter for Daytime Radiative Cooling with Metal-Insulator-Metal Metamaterials
Authors: Yin Huaiyuan , Fan Chunzhen
Published: May 2023

A novel thermal emitter with metal-insulator-metal design is proposed to realize efficient daytime radiative cooling. It can achieve ultrahigh absorption of 99.67% in the first atmospheric window and strong reflection of 94.86% in solar band. Analysis on the cooling performance with different real and imaginary parts of refractive index is carried out to provide a guide line in the material choice. As a case study, three inorganic materials are substituted to get enhanced absorption and it is verified that the refractive index matching is desirable to obtain high absorption. In addition, such high emissivity persists under different incident angles in both TE and TM modes. A net cooling power of 96.39 W/m2 is achieved in the daytime with the incorporation of convection coefficients. Finally, this thermal emitter achieves an average temperature drop of 5.1 °C based on the solution of conduction equation at 300 K. Therefore, our design with an excellent cooling ability can further bolster development in managements of radiative cooling or thermal radiation.
Polarization-sensitive UV detector based on a double-layer subwavelength grating of Al and ZnO
Authors: Li Gaoming , Yan Qianwen , Zhao Xiaolong , He Yongning
Published: May 2023

Polarization-sensitive detectors are of great importance in the fields of remote sensing and imaging, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnosis. The surface plasmon effect can the enable polarization sensitivity of photodetectors through metallic gratings. However, limited by the precision of the nano-fabrication process, it is difficult to fabricate an ultraviolet (UV) polarization-sensitive detector integrated with sub-wavelength metal gratings and the polarization extinction ratio is relatively low. In this paper, an Al–ZnO composite double-layer grating structure was designed. The ZnO active layer and the Al layer were both fabricated into same-sized grating structures. Through this design, the slit width could be enlarged to some degree, while the response to 90° polarized light remained low. It is beneficial to realize a high polarization ratio and to spare the need for rigid fabrication accuracy. In addition, the influence of the structural parameters of the grating on the performance of the detector was studied by simulation. It was found that the resonance wavelength can be adjusted by changing the slit width and grating height, respectively. This provides a useful means for polarization-sensitive detection in different wavelength ranges. The polarization extinction ratio of the detector with a double-layer composite grating can reach 52 in the UV band (365 nm). This provides a good alternative to replace the traditional framework relying on the combination of polarizers and detectors. Moreover, it is a promising structure for high-density integrated photodetectors and imaging chips in the future.
Peculiarities of measuring fluorescence decay times by a streak camera for ps-TALIF experiments in reactive plasmas
Authors: Invernizzi Laurent , Duluard Corinne Y , Höft Hans , Hassouni Khaled , Lombardi Guillaume , Gazeli Kristaq , Prasanna Swaminathan
Published: May 2023

We present a detailed methodology for (i) correctly configuring a streak camera to capture raw picosecond two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence signals (ps-TALIF) of H-atom in low- and atmospheric-pressure plasmas, and (ii) properly processing the recorded raw experimental data with a dedicated mathematical signal processing method to infer actual ps-TALIF signals of H-atom. The goal is the accurate determination of the decay time of the recorded ps-TALIF signals of H-atom. A ps-laser is used to excite atomic hydrogen produced in both plasmas and the raw fluorescence signals are detected by the streak camera using different time windows/ranges (TR). It is shown that the choice of the TR affects the shapes and the decay times of the recorded raw TALIF signals. This is defined as the instrumental function of the streak camera and has a Gaussian profile as determined by recording the ultrafast laser pulse at different TR. To remove this instrumental distortion and extract the actual shape of the TALIF signals, the captured raw TALIF signals were fitted using the mathematical procedure developed in this study, which involved an exponentially modified Gaussian function. The application of our methodology leads to more reliable measurements of hydrogen atoms decay times after respecting the following acquisition conditions: (i) the TR of the streak camera should be sufficiently large to capture the complete (raw) TALIF signal, and (ii) the time width of the instrumental function of the streak camera should be as small as possible compared to the actual decay time of the fluorescence, while ensuring an optimal signal-to-noise ratio. This work demonstrates the remarkable potential of the combination of ps-TALIF and streak cameras in state-of-the-art optical plasma diagnostics.
Dimensional XCT comparison campaign on an aluminium object
Authors: Obaton Anne-Françoise , Tanich Anis , Fischer Nicolas , Antona Sophie , Montagner Florian , Genot Sylvain , Brzuchacz Sébastien , Soete Patrick De , Duboeuf Kevin , Beuvier Thomas , Nanjareddy Rakesh , Coutant Nicolas , Cochennec Nicolas , Gay Lionel
Published: May 2023

An x-ray computed tomography (XCT) interlaboratory comparison campaign, involving an aluminium-machined object, whose dimensions (92 × 78 × 63 mm3) are significant for a 225 kV XCT system, was performed for the purpose of investigating the performances of industrial XCT systems for dimensional measurements in terms of accuracy, i.e. precision and trueness, and to evaluate the influence of the measurement protocol (i.e. measurement strategy), of the operator and of the software on the results by comparison to reference measurements. In this campaign, we came to the conclusion that the measurement strategy is predominant, except for distance; that the measurement process is affected by the operator only for cylindricity and coaxiality; that there is no or little influence of the software except for coaxiality and position; and that a volumetric Gaussian filter allows to improve the measurements only for some participants’ measurements Furthermore, different behaviours, in terms of precision and trueness, are observed depending on the type of measurands when performed by different operators. The diameter measurements are reproducible with XCT, lower than 30 µm which corresponds to a subvoxelic factor of 2.5 and the trueness is lower than 22 µm. The distance measurement is also reproducible with XCT, 15 µm which corresponds to a subvoxelique factor of 4.9 and the trueness is 8 µm. For these mesurands, their measurements do not depend on the used XCT system. However, the XCT reproducibility for cylindricity, coaxiality and position is worse as well as of the trueness except for the position which has a trueness of 1 µm. The process measurement should be revised regarding cylindricity and coaxiality measurements. Finally, overall, the ability of the participants to perform measurements with XCT, whatever their system, is statistically comparable except for a few measurements.
A speed loop control method of a laser tracing measurement control system
Authors: He Ruibin , Chen Hongfang , Liu Bailin , Sun Yanqiang , Song Huixu , Shi Zhaoyao
Published: May 2023

In a laser tracking control system, a motor drives the load to achieve continuous forward and reverse rotation speed control, and the magnitude of the load changes periodically during the motor rotation to realize tracking. Based on these characteristics, we propose an integral-separated improved variable universe fuzzy proportional-integral (PI) control method with torque feedforward compensation method in this study. The proposed method achieves the control performances of fast response, high steady-state accuracy, and strong anti-interference. The conventional fuzzy PI control method achieves good performance only in the unidirectional acceleration of a motor; therefore, we have improved its fuzzy rules, and designed a novel universe contraction–expansion factor. Additionally, a load torque observer is introduced to observe and compensate for the external load and to further improve the anti-interference performance of the tracking control system. The experimental results demonstrate that the integral-separated improved variable-universe fuzzy PI control method achieves better performance in the forward and reverse speed regulation processes of the motor. The overshoot is 92% less than that of the conventional PI control when the target speed is set to ±500 rpm. The Luenberger observer is introduced to observe and compensate for the load torque. After the stabilizing the speed and applying an external load of 0.2 N m to the motor, the maximum speed reduction is observed to be 59% less than that obtained using the conventional PI control. The improved PI control method satisfies the speed loop control requirements of the laser tracking control system and can improve the steady-state tracking accuracy and robustness of the system.
A novel SE-weighted multi-scale Hedging CNN approach for fault diagnosis of wind turbine
Authors: Wen Xiaoqiang , Yang Kaixun , Xin Peng , Wang Jianguo
Published: May 2023

This paper proposes a novel weighted SE MSH CNNs approach to make full use of time-series data and solve the problem of low WT fault diagnosis accuracy. Firstly, the operating data of WTs are collected through the SCADA system and expanded by the SWM. Then, the SE network is constructed to adaptively determine the weights of each parameter to focus on the effective fault features, and the stacking layers are used to extract the multi-scale features. After that, the obtained features are hedged to get the differentiated features, and two global pooling layers are employed to extract further and fuse the multi-scale features. The proposed method is put into an application case to verify its superior effectiveness and generalization ability in WT fault diagnosis. Experimental results show that: (1) the proposed method effectively extracts multi-scale differentiated features, thereby improving the identifiability of WT faults; (2) the proposed model outperforms all the other considered models in terms of accuracy and other evaluation metrics, showing that it is more appropriate for WT fault diagnosis; (3) the superiority and generalization ability of the proposed method are further verified through various experimental strategies.
Integrable differential systems for deformed Laguerre–Hahn orthogonal polynomials
Authors: Rebocho Maria das Neves , Witte Nicholas
Published: May 2023

Our work studies sequences of orthogonal polynomials{Pn(x)}n⩾0of the Laguerre–Hahn class, whose Stieltjes functions satisfy a Riccati type differential equation with polynomial coefficients, which are subject to a deformation parametert. We derive systems of differential equations and give Lax pairs, yielding nonlinear differential equations intfor the recurrence relation coefficients and Lax matrices of the orthogonal polynomials. A specialisation to a non semi-classical case obtained via a Möbius transformation of a Stieltjes function related to a deformed Jacobi weight is studied in detail, showing this system is governed by a differential equation of the Painlevé type PVI. The particular case of PVIarising here has the same four parameters as the solution found by Magnus (1995J. Comput. Appl. Math.57215–37) but differs in the boundary conditions.
Linear instabilities in the hot-ion regime in a high-field spherical tokamak
Authors: Ren Y , Kaye S M , Anastopoulos Tzanis M S , Sertoli M , Dnestrovskii A , Romanelli M
Published: May 2023

The present operating high-field compact spherical tokamak ST40 is an important step toward an ST-based fusion reactor (Gryaznevich and Asunta 2017 Fusion Eng. Des.
123 177; McNamara 2023 Nucl. Fusion 63 054002). Temperature and density profiles and their uncertainties in recent hot ion ST40 plasmas with central ion temperatures exceeding 8.6 keV, have been inferred using an integrated analysis of several diagnostics including line-of-sight integration and volume average measurements, as well as limited profile information from a charge-exchange-recombination spectrometer. A linear gyrokinetic stability analysis has been carried out to identify the most unstable micro-instabilities in these hot ion plasmas. In one of these plasmas, it is found that linear growth rates of both ion- and electron-scale (

k
θ

ρ
s

⩾
0.2

where k

θ
is the poloidal wavenumber and ρ

s
is the ion gyro-radius with sound speed) modes decrease from the edge toward the core of the plasma (i.e. from ρ = 0.8 to 0.3 where ρ is the square root of the normalized magnetic flux), while the change of linear growth rates at

k
θ

ρ
s

<
0.2

is non-monotonic. In particular, at ρ = 0.3 no unstable mode was found at

k
θ

ρ
s

>
5

, and about an order of magnitude reduction in the maximum linear growth rate in the ion-scale wavenumber range of

0.2
⩽

k
θ

ρ
s

<
1

is seen at ρ = 0.3 compared with the ρ = 0.8 location. It is found through parametric scans that while the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode/trapped electron mode (TEM) and kinetic ballooning mode (KBM)/kinetic shear Alfvén (KSA) mode are more important in the plasma core, ubiquitous mode (UM) is found to be the important ion-scale instability at

ρ
⩾
0.6

. At ρ = 0.8, two instabilities are found at the electron scale, with one being the typical electrostatic electron temperature gradient (ETG) mode at ρ

e
scale and beyond and the other being an unidentified low-real-frequency instability (at the intermediate scale between electron and ion gyroradii) which can propagate in the ion direction and is driven by ETG. The existence of UM at the ion scale and the low-real-frequency instability and ETG mode at the electron scale at ρ = 0.8 is supported by an extensive linear gyrokinetic stability analysis of another ST40 hot ion plasma in a wider parametric range, taking into account the uncertainties in the experimental profiles.
Sustainability performance evaluation of fruit chip SMEs
Authors: Santoso Imam , Pranonowo Dodyk , Wijana Susinggih , Choirun Annisa’u , Putra Vicky Pratama
Published: May 2023

Due to increasing competition in various business sectors, business actors must adopt modern and effective management methods and tools to maintain their competitive advantage. Sustainability indicators are a key factor in maintaining competitive advantage and successful performance of Fruit Chips SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) in Malang City. This study adds environmental and social perspectives as part of the sustainability balanced scorecard (SBSC), so that performance measurement is identified using six perspectives. This study contributes to theory and practice by creating a model to measure the sustainability of the performance of Fruit Chips SMEs. Then, the results of the calculation of the sustainability performance index are classified based on the sustainability category so that the sustainability status of the Fruit Chips SMEs can be obtained by 87%. This percentage is included in the category of good sustainability performance.
Policy and action plan to increase national sugar production
Authors: Sinuraya J F , Suryadi M , Ariningsih E , Ashari  , Puwantini T B
Published: May 2023

As a national strategic commodity, sugar sufficiency has become one of the government’s priorities. However, until recently, Indonesia is still experiencing a deficit in sugar due to production and consumption gaps. This paper aims to assess the performance of national sugar production and consumption and the government’s efforts to overcome the shortage. This study used primary and secondary data. Descriptive qualitative and Grid analysis was employed, supported by a literature review from various relevant sources. The study results show that during the 2015–2020 period, national sugar consumption was higher than its production. The low national sugar production was due to (1) a decrease in sugarcane area, (2) stagnation of sugarcane yield and sugar content, (3) not optimal process of modernization and revitalization of sugar mills, and (4) policies related to trade and prices of sugarcane and sugar. Out of nine policy options to increase sugarcane yield, the use of sugarcane seedlings of high-yielding varieties has become a priority policy. An action plan is required to support such policy, i.e., structuring of variety; coordination, technical guidance, socialization, and extension; and government assistance programs, especially capital aid.
Broiler farmers preferences for partnership contract attributes in Indonesia: A study using the choice experiment method
Authors: Junaidi Efri , Jamhari  , Masyhuri
Published: May 2023

Farmers preferences need to be considered in the preparation of contract design attribute in broiler partnerships for the existence of smallholder broiler farmers’ businesses. This study aimed to explore the preferences of farmers on the attributes of contract in broiler partnerships. This study used the choice experiment method on 180 broiler farmers in Banten Province. The results of this study found that the attributes of a partnership contract that can increase the utility of farmers were the price of live bird, the form of written contract, harvest age of 29-35 days, input quality of grade A for DOC and feed, payment time of one week after harvest and technical assistance from the company core. Furthermore, the willingness to pay (WTP) values were positive to all contract attributes indicated that willingness of farmers to pay additional production costs to participate in broiler partnership contracts. The results of this study imply that the willingness of the core company to include contract design attributes that were in accordance with the preferences of farmers will determine the continuity of implementation on broiler partnership in the long term.
The Role of Farmer Groups In Increasing of Rice Farmers In Lakekun Village, Kobalima Sub-District, Malaka District East Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Nalle Mardit N , Asa Maria Lara M , Indrasti Rita
Published: May 2023

This research aims to analyze farmer groups’ role in increasing income in Lakekun Village, Kobalima Sub-District Malaka District. This research had been conducted in Lakekun Village by using Purposive sampling as a method. The total sampling taken of the group farmers is seventy-six respondents with a sloven formula. The formula of analysis used to answer the role of group farmers in increasing Income is the Chi-Square analysis which there consisted of three categories to answer the role of the farmer’s group as decision-making, as a vehicle for cooperation, and as planning management. The research showed that the role of farmer groups as decision-making media is distributed as the normal value where it has affected an increase of income for farmer groups in Lakekun Village, Kobalima Sub-District whereas farmer groups as a vehicle for cooperation and farmer groups in Planning Management have not been affected by increasing of income of farmer groups.
Mapping community participation in the food estate program of Ria-ria village, Pollung district, Humbang Hasundutan regency, North Sumatra province
Authors: Syahputra OK H , Siburian J D P , Anggraini N
Published: May 2023

Awareness of the importance of food security is increasing due to the estimated population that is increasing rapidly. This encourages the government to formulate a national food policy. The fulfillment of food security is manifested in the Food Estate program which involves community participation in its management. This study was aimed to analyze the level of community participation in the Food Estate program, determine the factors that influence the level of community participation and determine aspects that need to be improved for the development of community participation in Pollung Ria-Ria Village. Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra Province. This research used quantitative methods (questionnaires, interviews and observations) and data analysis using a Likert scale. The results showed that the level of community participation in the Food Estate program in the planning, implementation and evaluation categories were quite high. The factors that influence community participation in this program are public doubts about the land that will be used as Food Estate land and the unimplemented andaliman culture and incense cultivation. Aspects that need to be improved in developing community participation in this program are the availability of labor, availability of facilities, mindset, resources and community support.
Refractory Behçet disease succesfully treated with roflumilast
Authors: Peñuelas Leal Rodrigo , Labrandero Hoyos Carolina , Grau Echevarría Andrés , Martínez-Doménech Alvaro , Casanova Esquembre Andrés  , Zaragoza Ninet Violeta , Pérez Ferriols Amparo , Sánchez Carazo Jose Luis
Published: May 2023

We report the first case of refractory Behçet disease with spectacular response to roflumilast 250 μg per day and no notable adverse effects beyond a self-resolving headache.
Treatment Outcomes After Offering Same-Day Initiation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment—How to Interpret Discrepancies Between Different Studies
Authors: Labhardt Niklaus Daniel , Brown Jennifer Anne , Sass Nikita , Ford Nathan , Rosen Sydney
Published: May 2023

The World Health Organization recommends same-day initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all persons diagnosed with HIV and ready to start treatment. Evidence, mainly from randomized trials, indicates offering same-day ART increases engagement in care and viral suppression during the first year. In contrast, most observational studies using routine data find same-day ART to be associated with lower engagement in care. We argue that this discrepancy is mainly driven by different time points of enrollment, leading to different denominators. While randomized trials enroll individuals when tested positive, most observational studies start at the time point when ART is initiated. Thus, most observational studies omit those who are lost between diagnosis and treatment, thereby introducing a selection bias in the group with delayed ART. This viewpoint article summarizes the available evidence and argues that the benefits of same-day ART outweigh a potential higher risk of attrition from care after ART initiation.
Vegetarian or vegan diets and blood lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Koch Caroline A , Kjeldsen Emilie W , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth
Published: May 2023

Aims

Due to growing environmental focus, plant-based diets are increasing steadily in popularity. Uncovering the effect on well-established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide, is thus highly relevant. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the effect of vegetarian and vegan diets on blood levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B.

Methods and results

Studies published between 1980 and October 2022 were searched for using PubMed, Embase, and references of previous reviews. Included studies were randomized controlled trials that quantified the effect of vegetarian or vegan diets vs. an omnivorous diet on blood lipids and lipoprotein levels in adults over 18 years. Estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. Thirty trials were included in the study. Compared with the omnivorous group, the plant-based diets reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels with mean differences of −0.34 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, −0.44, −0.23; P = 1 × 10−9), −0.30 mmol/L (−0.40, −0.19; P = 4 × 10−8), and −12.92 mg/dL (−22.63, −3.20; P = 0.01), respectively. The effect sizes were similar across age, continent, duration of study, health status, intervention diet, intervention program, and study design. No significant difference was observed for triglyceride levels.

Conclusion

Vegetarian and vegan diets were associated with reduced concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B—effects that were consistent across various study and participant characteristics. Plant-based diets have the potential to lessen the atherosclerotic burden from atherogenic lipoproteins and thereby reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.