bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Правовой статус тувинских женщин сквозь призму законов Тувинской Народной Республики
Authors: Натсак Органа Доржуевна
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируется эволюция конституционного, гражданско-правового положения тувинских женщин сквозь призму законов Тувинской Народной Республики. Предпринята попытка определения генезиса отдельных норм законодательства в отношении женщин, сделан сравнительный анализ с советским законодательством, также рассматривается вопрос социальных, культурных и политических факторов в тувинском обществе. Источниковую базу исследования составили конституции, уголовные и гражданские законы ТНР, в которых отражена политико-правовая основаэмансипации тувинских женщин.

Правовым ориентиром для ТНР стал законотворческий опыт СССР, в тувинских законах прослеживается прямая рецепция отдельных норм советских законов. Вместе с тем при разработке законов учитывалась социокультурная, общественно-политическая специфика ТНР.

Конституции ТНР дали женщинам политические права, гражданские свободы, конституционно закрепленное равноправие с мужчинами, доступ к управлению государством, образованию, современному здравоохранению. Однако конституционного признания равноправия с мужчинами было недостаточно. Для реального изменения статусно-ролевой функции женщин, политической социализации и включения женщин в экономику страны, было необходимо принятие ряда норм в уголовных, гражданских законах ТНР. Поэтому отдельному разбору в исследовании подверглись уголовные и гражданские законы.

Уголовные законы ТНР наложили запрет на физическое насилие над женщиной, насильственные браки, раннее замужество, привлечение женщины к занятию проституцией. Были введены новая форма регистрации брака, договорное и судебное регулирование имущественных правоотношений супругов при разводе, имущественные отношения при незарегистрированном сожительстве, практика установления отцовства, обязанности биологического отца ребенка, рожденного вне брака. Законы о труде ТНР ввели дифференцированный подход к труду мужчин и женщин, женский труд получил определенные льготы в связи с выполнением репродуктивных функций женщин. Женский труд был включен в производственные отношения, экономику государства. Возникает новый тип работающей по найму женщины с гарантированной государством оплатой труда и трудовыми правами. 

Заключается, что в совокупности и конституции, и уголовные, гражданские законы ТНР явились политико-правовой базой для эмансипации тувинской женщины.
Aspectos epidemiológicos e biopsicossociais em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama
Authors: E Silva Julia Rocha , Rodrigues Ana Luísa Pereira , Guimarães Beatriz Emanuele da Silva Medeiros , Teixeira Gabriella Stéphany de Brito , Caixeta Maria Clara Silveira , Sibalszky Sophia Queiroz Chaves , Orsolin Priscila Capelari , Amâncio Natália de Fátima Gonçalves
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico das mulheres acometidas por câncer de mama no estado de Minas Gerais e identificar os prejuízos psicossociais ocasionados após o diagnóstico. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, do tipo transversal, com coleta de dados do Sistema de Informação do Câncer de Mama (SISMAMA) – DATASUS e no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM), os quais foram projetados na plataforma Microsoft Excel, para confecção de tabelas e gráficos e posterior discussão de dados. Resultados: Traçou-se um perfil epidemiológico das mulheres mais acometidas por tal patologia– brancas, na faixa etária de 45 a 49 anos e com ensino fundamental incompleto – além de ter sido factível verificar como os aspectos biopsicossociais do câncer de mama podem interferir nos fatores prognósticos relacionados a essa neoplasia. Conclusão: A patologia neoplásica discutida no referido trabalho é muito incidente entre as brasileiras, o que demonstrou então a necessidade de maior atenção e cuidado no âmbito psicológico destas mulheres, aspecto esse que infere diretamente no discorrer do quadro prognóstico. Os resultados encontrados foram ao encontro das estatísticas previstas pelo Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA).
Purification of entangled coherent states
Authors: Jeong H. , Kim M.S.
Published: March 2021

We suggest an entanglement purification scheme for mixed entangled coherent states using 50-50 beam splitters and photodetectors. This scheme is directly applicable for mixed entangled coherent states of the Werner type, and can be useful for general mixed states using additional nonlinear interactions. We apply our scheme to entangled coherent states decohered in a vacuum environment and find the decay time until which they can be purified.
Equivalence classes of non-local unitary operations
Authors: Duer W. , Cirac J.I.
Published: March 2021

We study when a multipartite non--local unitary operation can deterministically or probabilistically simulate another one when local operations of a certain kind ---in some cases including also classical communication--- are allowed. In the case of probabilistic simulation and allowing for arbitrary local operations, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the simulation to be possible. Deterministic and probabilistic interconversion under certain kinds of local operations are used to define equivalence relations between gates. In the probabilistic, bipartite case this induces a finite number of classes. In multiqubit systems, however, two unitary operations typically cannot simulate each other with non-zero probability of success. We also show which kind of entanglement can be created by a given non--local unitary operation and generalize our results to arbitrary operators.
Computational model underlying the one-way quantum computer
Authors: Raussendorf R. , Briegel H.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we present the computational model underlying the one-way quantum computer which we introduced recently [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf{86}}, 5188 (2001)]. The one-way quantum computer has the property that any quantum logic network can be simulated on it. Conversely, not all ways of quantum information processing that are possible with the one-way quantum computer can be understood properly in network model terms. We show that the logical depth is, for certain algorithms, lower than has so far been known for networks. For example, every quantum circuit in the Clifford group can be performed on the one-way quantum computer in a single step.
Topino: A Graphical Tool for Quantitative Assessment of Molecular Stream Separations
Authors: Kochmann Sven , Ivanov Nikita A. , Lucas Kevin S. , Krylov Sergey
Published: March 2021

In molecular-stream separation (MSS), a stream of a multi-component mixture is separated into multiple streams of individual components. Quantitative evaluation of MSS data has been a bottleneck in MSS for decades as there was no conventional way to present the data in a reproducible and uniform fashion. The roots of the problem were in the multi-dimensional nature of MSS data; even in the ideal case of steady-state separation, the data is three-dimensional: intensity and two spatial coordinates. We recently found a way to reduce the dimensionality via presenting the MSS data in a polar coordinate system and convoluting the data via integration of intensity along the radius axis. The result of this convolution is an angulagram — a simple 2D plot presenting integrated intensity vs angle. Not only does an angulagram simplify the visual assessment, but it also allows the determination of three quantitative parameters characterizing the quality of MSS: stream width, stream linearity, and stream deflection. Reliably converting an MSS image into an angulagram and accurately determining the stream parameters requires an advanced and user-friendly software tool. In this technical note, we introduce such a tool: the open-source software Topino available at https://github.com/Schallaven/topino. Topino is a stand-alone program with a modern graphical user interface that allows processing an MSS image in a fast (<2 min) and straightforward way. The robustness and ruggedness of Topino were confirmed by comparing the results obtained by three users. Topino removes the analytical bottleneck in MSS and will be an indispensable tool for MSS users with varying levels of experience. p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; direction: ltr; line-height: 115%; text-align: left; orphans: 2; widows: 2 }a:link { color: #0000ff }
A Study with Peptide Dendrimers Reveals an Extreme pH Dependence of Antibiotic Activity Above pH 7.4
Authors: Cai Xingguang , Javor Sacha , Gan Bee-Ha , Köhler Thilo , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: March 2021

In our efforts to develop peptide dendrimers as a new class of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against Gram-negative bacteria, we investigated their activity at acidic and basic pH, which correspond to the conditions of the site of bacterial infections on skin or biofilms and chronic wounds respectively. Removing the eight low pKa amino termini of our reference dendrimer G3KL by substituting the N-terminal lysine residues with aminohexanoic acid provided dendrimer XC1 with a broader pH-activity range. Furthermore, raising the pH to 8.0 revealed strong activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) against which the dendrimers are inactive at pH 7.4, an effect which we also observed with polymyxin B and tentatively assign to stronger binding to the bacteria at higher pH as observed with a fluorescence labeled dendrimer analog.
Multiplexed Flow Cytometric Approach for Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgM and IgA Using Beads Covalently Coupled to the Nucleocapsid Protein
Authors: Zattoni Ingrid Fatima , Huergo Luciano F. , Gerhardt Edileusa C. M. , Nardin Jeanine M. , Santos Alexia Marques Fernandes dos , Rego Fabiane Gomes de Moraes , Picheth Geraldo , Moure Vivian Rotuno , Valdameri Glaucio
Published: March 2021

Flow cytometry has emerged as a promising technique for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In this study, we described a new methodology to detect simultaneously IgG, IgM and IgA of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in human serum by flow cytometry. The Nucleocapsid protein was covalently bound on functional beads surface applying sulfo-SMCC chemistry. BUV395 anti-IgG, BB515 anti-IgM, biotinylated anti-IgA1/IgA2 and BV421 streptavidin were used as fluorophore conjugated secondary antibodies. Serum and antibodies reaction conditions were optimized for each antibody isotype detection and a multiplexed detection assay was developed. This new cell-free multiplex approach based on flow cytometry was able to efficiently discriminate COVID-19 negative and positive samples. The simultaneous detection of IgG, IgM and IgA showed a sensibility of 88.5-96.2% and specificity of 100%. The combined detection of antibody isotypes offers greater spectrum for detection and monitoring of COVID-19 vaccines and seroconversion. This novel strategy opens a new avenue for flow cytometry-based diagnosis.
High Yielding Flow Synthesis of a Macrocyclic Molecular Hinge
Authors: Jones Christopher , Cook Laurence J. Kershaw , Marquez-Gamez David , Luzyanin Konstantin V. , Steed Jonathan , Slater Anna
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT: Many molecular machines are built from modular components with well-defined motile capabilities, such as axles and wheels. Hinges are particularly useful, as they provide the minimum flexibility needed for a simple and pronounced conformational change. Compounds with multiple stable conformers are common, but molecular hinges almost exclusively operate via dihedral rotations rather than truly hinge-like clamping mechanisms. An ideal molecular hinge would better reproduce the behavior of hinged devices, such as gates and tweezers, while remaining soluble, scalable and synthetically versatile. Herein, we describe two isomeric macrocycles with clamp-like open and closed geometries, which crystallize as separate polymorphs but interconvert freely in solution. An unusual one-pot addition cyclization reaction was used to produce the macrocycles on a multigram scale from inexpensive reagents, without supramolecular templating or high-dilution conditions. Using mechanistic information from NMR kinetic studies and at-line mass spectrometry, we developed a semi-continuous flow synthesis with maximum conversions of 85-93% and over 80% selectivity for a single isomer. The macrocycles feature voids that are sterically protected from guests, including reactive species such as fluoride ions, and could therefore serve as chemically inert hinges for adaptive supramolecular receptors and flexible porous materials.
A Comprehensive Guide to select a Suitable Journal for Research Publication
Authors: Rajasekaran A  , Thiruvengadarajan V S
Published: March 2021

Selection of suitable Journal for publication of research findings in a peer-reviewed Journal is very critical and challenging for researchers. Selection of Journal for publication involves many factors, where the main factor is Journal metrics. In light of the proliferation of journals, some journals have come under increased scrutiny recently with terms such as questionable, illegitimate, dishonest, used to describe these journals. Generally, the young researchers or the first-time authors, would like to publish their findings in a less reputed Journal with very less rejection rate, as they want to publish their articles quickly. Wrong choice of journal for publishing spells outright rejection. Even if the article is very encouraging with sound and rigorous scholarly work, it will not stand the test. Another option for authors is to consult with librarians affiliated with organization or local public library. Librarians are well-suited to provide guidance in helping authors with selecting quality journals to consider for publication. Transparency and objectives are essential elements for scientific research and peer review process. Bibliographic software such as EndNote or RefWorks assist the authors to format reference section and to perform corrections suggested by reviewers. Hence, this review was delineated to provide an insight for the researchers to prefer a Journal based on the impact factor, H-index, SNIP, SJR and timeline of publication.
Diagnostic accuracy of BAL Gene Xpert compared to BAL AFB staining in Sputum negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis Suspects
Authors: Sowmitha S G  , Ashok Kumar Aradhyula  , Gangadharan V  , Sathish Kumar M
Published: March 2021

Tuberculosis has stood the test of time over the millennia and still wreaks havoc on human life all over the world. We have studied the role of bronchoscopy in smear negative PTB suspects and have compared the results of BAL Gene Xpert with BAL AFB staining among the study population. We have also determined the microbiological profile in cases who are MTB negative. We retrospectively reviewed the respiratory samples (sputum and BAL) of 82 sputum negative PTB suspects from july 2018 – july 2019 for ZN stain and Gene Xpert. 25 cases were detected by Gene Xpert additionally to the 11 cases detected by BAL afb staining alone. Out of the 36 cases detected on gene Xpert 3(8%) were RIF resistant. These 5 samples which were positive on BAL AFB and negative on Gene Xpert,are suspected to be NON TB mycobacteria. Out of the remaining 41 samples, non TB culture results showed 8 Acinetobacter, 10 pseudomonas, 12 klebsiella, 2 e.coli,2 candida, 7 no growth on culture. According to our study, the bronchoscopic samples when subjected to Gene Xpert detect a higher number of cases which would go undetected otherwise compared to BAL AFB staining. Hence, bronchoscopy must be performed on such smear negative suspects and Gene Xpert could replace smear microscopy as initial diagnostic testing. It also helps in detecting first line drug resistance in addition.
A study to assess the effectiveness of breathing exercises on selected pulmonary parameters on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at selected hospitals Chennai
Authors: Ambiga K
Published: March 2021

The most frequent chronic lung disease characterized by increased resistivity to airflow as a result of airway obstruction. A study to assess the effectiveness of breathing exercises on selected pulmonary parameters on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To assess the pulmonary function before administering breathing exercises, to assess the pulmonary function after administering breathing exercises. The research design used in this study was quasi-experimental, two groups before and after design. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was followed to allow the samples to an experimental and control group. The tool contains 3 parts part A-demographic variables, part B-measurement of pulmonary parameters and part C-self-instructional module on breathing exercises. The practicing of breathing exercise was found to be effective in improving the pulmonary parameters. Younger age patients gained more breathing hold time after practicing breathing exercise. Non-smokers gained more chest expansion and PEFR after practicing breathing exercise. The results of the study were concluded that selected breathing exercises (Pursed lip and Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise) given to the COPD patients was effective to improve in their pulmonary parameters.
Awareness of Diabetic Eye Diseases in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mahalakshmi K  , Anuradha Krishnan P
Published: March 2021

The study aims to assess the awareness of diabetic eye disease among diabetic patients. Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly growing global concern that may cause several complications. The ophthalmic complications that diabetic patients are prone to are diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and glaucoma. One of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy. The study is a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study involving 100 diabetic patients who visited a tertiary care hospital, Saveetha Medical College who gave consent for the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). The 100 study participants filled up a structured questionnaire with 26 questions that were validated by two experts in the field. The age, gender, educational status, occupation, duration of diabetes, undergoing treatment, associated risk factors, awareness regarding diabetes caused ophthalmic complications, their knowledge on how important regular eye check-ups are for the diabetic patients, and whether they are aware that it could cause blindness. The questionnaire also assessed their practice patterns for regular eye check-ups. The results were presented in the form of text, pie charts, tables, and figures. 86% of the study participants knew that diabetes could cause eye diseases. 8% knew that diabetes could cause cataract. 65% knew that diabetes could cause glaucoma.70% knew that diabetes could cause diabetic retinopathy. These results were compared to the results of similar research papers. Though there is awareness amongst the majority of the study participants, the practice pattern shows that 54% of the study participant do not go for regular eye check-ups. More community awareness is required for better efficiency to prevent treatable blindness in India.
A Study on Postoperative Care in the General Surgery Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rohit  , Preetha Selva  , Sana Aboosalih
Published: March 2021

In our study we have attempted to assess and evaluate the rationality of drugs given during post-operative period using standard WHO indicators. A total of 602 patients were included with maximum number of patients in 20-40 and 40- 60 years’ age group. The most common diagnoses for admission were Sebaceous cyst (65), Hernia (52), Diabetic ulcer/ abscess (47) and Cholelithiasis (43). The most common procedures performed in our hospital were Excision biopsy (109), Incision & drainage (55), Wound debridement (48) and Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (39). 208 patients received general anaesthesia, 233 received local anaesthesia and 161 of them were given spinal anaesthesia. Maximum number of patients stayed for a period of 2-4 days.  The common group of drugs prescribed were antibiotics (976), I.V. fluids (652), analgesics (652), gastrointestinal drugs (590) and antiseptics (328). The most common analgesics given were Paracetamol (385) and Tramadol (173). The most common antibiotics given were Cefotaxim (420), Metronidazole (451). An average of 6.12 drugs was prescribed per patient. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was (21.3%). Percentage of antibiotics prescribed per prescription was 100%. Percentage of encounters with injection was 88.9%. Percentage of drugs from NLEM was 90.09%. To conclude, the duration of stay in the hospital, the post-operative treatment given and the average number of drugs given per encounter in our study is acceptable.The clinicians should be encouraged to prescribe generic drugs from the list of essential medicines. Antibiotic stewardship should be followed for facilitating the rationale use of antibiotics.
Intravenous neurotropic vitamin b injection in chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis: patient’s perspective
Authors: Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon  , Radian Adhiputra Antonius
Published: March 2021

Chronic kidney disease is characterized by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and lasts over 3 months. Meanwhile, patient perspectives include patient compliance in treatment and care programs. Vitamin B combination plays a role in reducing the risk of mortality for cardiovascular disease. This study aims in measuring perspective on patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis to intravenous vitamin B injection. This is a cohort retrospective study of patients on dialysis that were injected with intravenous vitamin B two times a week after dialysis. The subjects studied were chronic kidney disease patients who underwent hemodialysis at Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta and Panti Rapih Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study involved 58 patients, comprising 38 male (65.5%) and 20 females (34.5%). Total 41 patients (70.7%) with age under 60 years. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (86.2%), diabetes mellitus (25.9%), and cardiovascular disease (20.7%). Patients' perspectives on improvement of fatigue symptoms are higher in patients with hypertension comorbidity (88.9%), sleep quality higher in diabetes mellitus comorbidity (80%), daily activity higher in patients with other comorbidity (84.6%) and mood higher in other comorbidity (88.9%). Overall, most of the patients were satisfied with the treatment (98.3%), satisfied that it reduced fatigue (96.6%), said no side effects appeared (91.4%), were confident in the treatment (94.8%), considered it resulted in greater benefit than costs (84.5%). Patients' perspectives in the treatment of intravenous vitamin B combination injections for chronic dialysis patients have satisfactory treatment quality.
Assessing the Emotional Intelligence (EI) among Dental Students in Chennai — A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Indumathy Pandiyan  , Leelavathi L  , Meignana Arumugham Indiran  , Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu  , Srisakthi Doraikannan  , Jayashri Prabakar
Published: March 2021

The significance of emotional intelligence (EI) in the prosperous act of medical field has been very much entrenched. However, attempts to investigate the alike in India, especially in dentist and medical professionals, are insufficient. Hence the present study aimed to assess the emotional intelligence among dental students in Chennai. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 177 interns in dental colleges in Chennai. Schutte et al Emotional Intelligence scale was used to measure the EI of the study participants. The emotional intelligence score ranges from 33 to 165, greater scores representing greater EI. Frequency and percentage distribution of the scores were calculated. Independent t-test was done to analyse the difference in EI scores among the participants. The EI ranges among the study participants with a mean of 123.9 and standard deviation of 12.4. Mean score was highest among the perception of emotion and managing own emotion domain when compared with other domains. The present study revealed, there was no much remarkable differences in the overall EI score among male and female participants and it was found to be statistically insignificant. More consideration towards the improvement of emotional intelligence among students by dental professional, pay way to betterment of educational and clinical presentation.
Nanoemulsion Drug Delivery System: A Review
Authors: Ashish B. Budhrani  , Shubhra R. Rai  , Aarati S. Panchbhai  , Rajshri B. Dongarwar
Published: March 2021

Nano-emulsion dosage forms have nano-sized droplets of disperse phase and are kinetically stable dosage form. Nano-emulsions are included under the category of new drug delivery system containing emulsified water in oil/oil in water system having mean globule size ranges from 10 nm to 1000 nm.  In the field of pharmacy, nano-emulsions play an essential role in the delivery of medication through various drug administration routes like parenteral, topical and oral route. Nano-emulsions are nano-sized emulsions which are used under high investigation as a drug carrier for enhancing the delivery of therapeutic agents. Nano-emulsions have enhanced functional properties as compared to standard emulsions. They are nowadays growing work for utilizing nano-sized particles in the research of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food products.  Mainly, intrigue has been creating simultaneously with higher emulsification techniques and mechanisms of stabilization. Nano-emulsions are formulated by both methods like high energy emulsification or low energy emulsification methods. Rapid energy emulsification technique includes high shear mixing, high-pressure homogenization or ultrasonication. In contrast, low energy emulsification technique includes the merit of the physicochemical characteristics of the system, which exploits phase transitions to obtained nano-emulsion. This review article is an effort to summarize comparative aspects like introduction, types, advantages, disadvantages, components, factors affecting, methods of preparations, methods of analysis of nano-emulsion and applications of nano-emulsion.
الحكم الكوتي لبلاد وادي الرافدين(2250-2130 ق.م) دراسة نقدية للنصوص المسمارية
Authors: Salih Taib Mohammed
Published: March 2021

تستهدف هذه الدراسة تغيير الفكرة السائدة لدى العديد من الباحثين كما ظهرت من خلال بحوثهم ومؤلفاتهم، بأن العصر الكوتي عبارة عن فترة مظلمة في تاريخ بلاد وادي الرافدين(العراق) وأن عملية البناء الحضاري قد توقفت ووصفوا الكوتيين بالهمجية لأنه حسب رأيهم كانوا السبب في شيوع الفوضى وفقدان الأمن والإستقرار في البلاد. وقع اولئك الباحثون من العرب والاجانب تحت تأثير الكتابات المسمارية التي دونها السومريون عنهم؛ التي وصفتهم بالأعداء ولقبوهم بعقارب وثعابين الجبال وأتهموهم بأخذ الملوكية(نظام الحكم السومري) إلى الجبال. كما أن اولئك الكتاب والباحثين نظروا إلى الكوتيين بمنظار الحاضر ودفعت بهم ثقافتهم المحلية إلى اعتبار الكوتيين غزاة اجانب جاؤوا من خارج بلاد سومر، لذا ينبغي مقاومتهم وطردهم، حتى ان الباحث الدكتور فاضل عبدالواحد يسمي جلاء الكوتيين عن بلاد أكد (وسط العراق) وبلاد سومر (جنوب العراق) إلى الشمال من مرتفعات حمرين ومنطقة كركوك، بعد تعرضهم لضغط السومريين، بحرب التحرير، علماً أن الكوتيين هم من سكان بلاد وادي الرافدين، عاشوا في المنطقة الواقعة بين نهري الزاب الصغير غرباً وديالى شرقاً، كما عاش إلى جوارهم اللوبيون في منطقة شهرزور. تحاول هذه الدراسة تصحيح مسار الأحداث التاريخية إستناداً إلى تحليل النصوص المسمارية والإعتماد على اراء بعض الباحثين المنصفين ومنهم الدكتور إبراهيم شريف في كتابه: "موقع العراق الجغرافي وأثره في تاريخه، القاهرة 1964" الذي إعتمد على المعطيات الجغرافية والبيئية مبيناً تأثيرها على سير الأحداث التاريخية، فضلاً عن دراسات الدكتور جمال رشيد عن الكرد عبر العصور القديمة. سيتضح اثناء الدراسة بأن سبب شيوع الفوضى وفقدان الامن والإستقرار في بلاد وادي الرافدين في اوائل العهد الكوتي يرجع إلى السياسة الخاطئة التي أتبعها ملوك الدولة الأكدية، الذين إستغلوا موارد البلاد لا من أجل البناء الحضاري، بل من أجل شن الحملات العسكرية ضد البلدان والمناطق المجاورة وإستعباد سكانها وإستغلال مواردها مثل بلاد عيلام وكردستان وسوريا، فضلاً عن قضائهم على الإستقلال الذاتي لدول المدن السومرية وهدم أسوارها والتطاول على معابد الالهة وأملاكها، مما أدى إلى إرتباك الوضع الداخلي وتمرد المدن السورية ضد السلطة، فساد الفوضى في البلاد قبل تسلم الكوتيين زمام السلطة في بلاد وادي الرافدين بعشرات السنين. سوف تتناول الدراسة طبيعة الحكم الكوتي وسياسة ملوكهم ومدى تأثرهم بحضارة وادي الرافدين ثم تعاونهم مع الأكديين والسومريين، لإدارة البلاد، بعد أن منحوهم نوعاً من الحرية في إدارة مدنهم ومناطقهم، مقابل إعترافهم بسلطة الملك الكوتي ودفع الأتاوة إليه. أدت السياسة التي أتبعها الكوتيون مع سكان بلاد وادي الرافدين إلى سيادة الإزدهار الإقتصادي خلال بعض فترات حكمهم وإنتعش إقتصاد البلد. تمثل ذلك الإزدهار بشكل جلي في عدد من المدن السومرية مثل أوما وأور وأريدو ولطش والوركاء. فاقت مدينة لطش في إزدهارها المدن السومرية الاخرى ومارست التجارة مع بلاد عيلام ومنطقة الخليج وكركوك بعد أن نجح الكوتيون في فرض الإستقرار والسيطرة على الطرق التجارية.
Bridging White Supremacist Discourse: An ethnography of the online world of the ‘Alt-Right’
Authors:   , Botha Daniel
Published: March 2021

This thesis examines the social world of white supremacy using online ethnography of an Alt-Right forum on 4chan. For four months, I conducted fieldwork on 4chan’s “politically incorrect” (/pol/) message board three to four days a week, observing the interaction of users in real time, compiling ethnographic fieldnotes, and archiving relevant documents and forum threads. This data was systematically analysed and provides the foundation for the case studies at the centre of this thesis: (1) users use of the metaphor of “red pills” to describe their entry to the Alt-Right and adoption of core tenants of movement ideology; (2) the way they translated this ideology for a wider (offline) audience through a campaign to poster the phrase, “It’s Okay to be White” around local neighbourhoods; and (3) the way they constructed collective meaning out of an act of racist violence from a self-identified insider to the community, Stephan Balliet, who killed two people near a synagogue in Halle, Germany, during the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur.

This ethnographic examination of 4chan not only provides a ground-up view of what is generally regarded as among the darkest corners of the internet, based on the everyday interactions of participants in the community, but contributes to wider academic debates about the contemporary landscape of racial inequality and online white supremacy.
Preparation of raw materials, creation of compositions and granulation from obsolete sludge, peat and biomass
Authors: Petrova Zh.O. , Novikova Yu.P.
Published: March 2021

The article presents research on the preparation of raw materials, creation and granulation of compositions from obsolete sludge deposits of peat and biomass. Studies of raw material preparation processes have shown that obsolete sludge deposits have excessive ash content. To reduce ash content, it is advisable to add peat and biomass to sludge. During the study of peat, it was determined that peat extracted from the floodplain of Irpen has a high ash content, so for further research used peat from Chernihiv.
The created compositions were subjected to granulation in different compositions and ratios. Preliminary dehydration of peat in the drying cabinet and moistening of the sludge were performed to create different sludge-peat mixtures with different moisture content of sludge and peat. When creating two-component compositions to sludge-peat add biomass. Studies have allowed us to choose the optimal ratio for granulation.
Changes in restored soils subject to weathering and their implication in Mexican environmental regulations
Authors: Méndez-Moreno José del C. , De la Garza-Rodríguez Iliana M. , Torres-Sánchez Sonia A. , Jiménez-Pérez Nelly del C. , Sánchez-Lombardo Irma , López-Martínez Sugey , Lobato-García Carlos E. , Morales-Bautista Carlos M.
Published: March 2021

An overview of current Mexican legislation regarding soil restoration and updating needs is made through the analysis of three case studies located in the southeastern México: a) soil affected by spillage of congenital waters (Zone 1), b) soil contaminated by hydrocarbons (Zone 2) and, c) a site adjacent to urban infrastructure (Zone 3). It was performed a comparative analysis of the soils conditions in the short and long term after the anthropogenic impact and restoration process that were carried out in each studied location. It was found that important properties of the soils do not recover after the weathering process, for instance in Zone 1, DR and DA as well as %Po did not reach equivalent values to the control sample and the soil texture is different even after a long recovery period. For Zone 2, it was detected important variations in the concentration of Ca, Na and K in both the impacted and recovered soils which affect the growth of plantations. In Zone 3, there were found signif icative differences in DA, %Po; %L, %R, %MO and CEC parameters. The current normative considers general aspects, but does not contemplate the actual site situation, there is an information gap due to this, although it was observed achievement of physical and chemical properties for the recovery soil use in each site, it was also noticed that the evaluations do not consider if these properties can change over time due to weather conditions, therefore, they could influence the success of each restoration process in the long term. The information generated can be used to make decisions about government rescue programs for the primary sector or as a starting point in the implementation of Environmental Bases Lines (LBA) for the hydrocarbon sector.
Desarrollo y producción de la col (Brassica oleracea var. Royal vantage) bajo diferentes presiones osmóticas y biofertilizada con consorcios bacterianos
Authors: Aguilar-Flores Iris Margarita , Espinosa-Victoria David , Carcaño-Montiel Moisés , Rodríguez-Mendoza María de las Nieves
Published: March 2021

Se evaluó el desarrollo y producción de la col (Brassica oleracea var. Royal vantage) en invernadero, bajo diferentes presiones osmóticas de la solución nutritiva Steiner y biofertlizada con consorcios bacterianos. Se estableció un diseño factorial 4 × 3, donde los factores fueron cuatro niveles de presión osmótica (0.18, 0.36, 0.54 atm y un testigo sin solución nutritiva), y dos consorcios bacterianos: Azospirillum brasiliense + Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (AA) y Raoultella terrigena + Chromobacterium violaceum (RC), y un testigo sin inocular. Se establecieron seis repeticiones por cada tratamiento. Las semillas inoculadas con el consorcio AA presentaron el mayor porcentaje de emergencia (100%), así como la tasa de emergencia más alta (20.5), en comparación con consorcio RC y las plantas no inoculadas. La inoculación con el consorcio AA y la presión osmótica de 0.54 atm produjeron plantas más altas (60-65%), y un tallo con mayor diámetro (35-46%). El peso de la biomasa fresca y la acumulación de materia seca se duplicaron en las plantas inoculadas con respecto a las no inoculadas. Se observó mayor concentración de K en plantas inoculadas con AA y RC (20-35% y 25-45%, respectivamente) respecto a las plantas no inoculadas. La concentración de nitratos en las plantas se incrementó entre 200-350% y 60-230% con la inoculación de los consorcios AA y RC, respectivamente. La concentración de P se incrementó entre 200-500% con el consorcio AA y entre 100-400% con el consorcio RC. La inoculación con los consorcios AA y RC, a presión osmótica de 0.54 atm, indujo el mayor desarrollo de las cabezas de la col (clasif icadas como 5 y 4, respectivamente). Se concluye que la col, bajo fertilización mineral moderada en invernadero, responde favorablemente a la inoculación de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal.
Potencialidades de oligogalacturónidos y quitosacáridos en el enraizamiento de las plantas
Authors: Reyes-Pérez Juan José , Ramos-Remache Rommel Arturo , Llerena-Ramos Luis Tarquino , Ramírez-Arrebato Miguel Ángel , Falcón-Rodríguez Alejandro Bernardo
Published: March 2021

Los oligogalacturónidos y los quitosacáridos son miembros de una nueva clase de sustancias bioactivas en plantas que se conocen como oligosacarinas. Estas sustancias que incluyen poli y oligosacáridos de diferente origen, son consideradas una nueva jerarquía de hormonas que funcionan en la planta antes de la acción de las hormonas tradicionales, como las auxinas, citoquininas y giberelinas. Sus características f isicoquímicas y estructurales también influyen signif icativamente en su actividad biológica y en especial en los procesos de enraizamiento tanto en condiciones in vitro como in vivo. En este trabajo se discuten los efectos benéf icos, que causa la aplicación de estas sustancias en el proceso de enraizamiento vegetal y la acción indirecta relacionada con la interacción con microorganismos simbióticos del suelo, tales como rhizobacterias y hongos micorrízicos arbusculares que mejoran el crecimiento y el funcionamiento de las raíces en las plantas.
Number of clinical trials of new therapeutic agents in the European Union countries of Central and Eastern Europe, 2000–2019
Authors: Bartoszkiewicz Mikołaj , Kufel-Grabowska Joanna , Litwiniuk Maria
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
The clinical research market of the European Union (EU) countries of Central and Eastern Europe has been experiencing a dynamic growth of clinical trials in the last 10 years. Oncology and cardiology are the areas where the most clinical trials are conducted.

Aim:
This study aims to analyze the clinical research market including countries, medical fields and trial phases in the EU countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The comparative analysis of countries is divided into 5-year periods.

Material and methods:
Clinical research market analysis was carried out in 11 EU countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. In searching for the number of clinical trials, the ClinicalTrials.gov database was used.

Results and discussion:
From 2000 to 2019, 6497 clinical trials were conducted in the EU countries of Central and Eastern Europe. There were 1840 clinical trials registered in Poland, 1188 in Czechia, and 1005 in Hungary. The most clinical trials were registered in the field of oncology (22%), followed by cardiology (16%) and neurology (12%). Phase III trials representing as much as 60% (n = 2854) of all conducted medical experiments. The highest increase in the number of clinical trials in the last two 5-year periods (2010–2014 and 2015–2019) was recorded in Estonia, at 471%.

Conclusions:
There has been a significant increase in the number of clinical phase III trials in the EU countries of Central and Eastern Europe, mainly in Poland, Czechia, and Hungary.
Effects of Salicylic Acid on Triticale under Salt Stress
Authors: ERKAN İbrahim Ertan , ARAS AŞCI Özlem
Published: March 2021

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of salicylic acid (50 µM) on triticale grown under salt stress. In this study, we investigated shoot and root lengths, malondialdehyde, proline, ion leakage, relative water content, chlorophyll content. The results indicated that salicylic acid is quite effective to deal with salt stress. Anatomically shoot and root lengths as well as relative water content and chlorophyll content were increased by salicylic acid under salt toxicity. Moreover malondialdehyde, proline and ion leakage were decreased by the application of salicylic acid. Overall our results indicated that salicylic acid can be used for agricultural production of triticale under salt stress.
PENENTUAN KOMPONEN KRITIS UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN KEANDALAN MESIN CETAK
Authors: Susetyo Ag Eko , Nurhardianto Eko
Published: March 2021

Equipment maintenance activities are very important in the operation of a system or equipment in the industry. With the maintenance strategy and methods that can affect the occurrence of damage resulting in equipment can operate in the long term. The methods used are Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) data required are working hours data, corrective time data, Supply Delay Time (SDT) and Administrative Delay Time (ADT) data, and prevetive maintenance data. To determine whether the data obtained suadah match, then used the exponential distribution, from the form of the data then it can be found treatment. From the exponential distribution will get the value of cumulative function, machine reliability, Maen Time Batwen Failure (MTBF), Mean Time Battery Maintenance (MTBM), machine readiness time (availability) for each machine. There are two critical components: laker / bearing and felt print. From the data processing obtained reliability of printing machine unit 1 99.9%, machine unit 2 92.52%, unit 3 91.85% machine. for that we need preventive maintenance. In addition to the reliability also obtained MTBM as a schedule of preventive maintenance on mesn print unit 1 66.105, unit 2 93.037 machine, machine unit 3 106,893 hours once.Keywords: Reliability, RCM, Preventive Maintenance
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BAMBU PETUNG UNTUK DAKTILITAS BETON
Authors: Yasin Iskandar , Priyanto Agus
Published: March 2021

Pada masyarakat luas, bambu selalu digunakan untuk membuat berbagai sarana maupun prasarana. Sifat bamboo yang mampu tumbuh dimana-mana dan harganya yang sangat murah maka bahan ini menjadi primadona masyarakat. Dalam pengolaan bamboo maka dihasilkan serpihan-serpihan yang tidak berfungsi lagi sehingga oleh masyarakat hannya dibuang atau untuk kayu bakar. Jika sampah-sampah sisa pengolahan bamboo ini dicamput dengan campuran adukan beton maka diharapkan dapat memperkuat daktilitas beton.Pengujian dilakukan dengan uji fisik dan mekanik dan uji blok geser laminasi bambu petung. Pada pengujian sifat fisik dan mekanik berdasarkan pada peraturan ISO 1975. Pengujian sifat fisik bambu petung meliputi uji kuat tekan sejajar serat, uji kuat tekan tegak lurus serat, uji kuat tarik, uji kuat geser dan uji kuat lentur. Pengujian kuat tekan beton untuk mengetahui kekuatan daktilitas beton mempuyai variasi campuran serpihan bambu 0,25 , 0,50 dan 0,75 dengan masing-masing 9 ulangan pengujian tekan.Kerapatan bambu petung diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 0,63 t/mÂ³ dan kadar air rata-rata bambu petung sebesar 12,83 %. Kuat tekan sejajar serat rata-rata sebesar 26,85 MPa dan kuat tekan tegak lurus serat rata-rata sebesar 9,62 MPa. Kuat Tarik bambu petung rata-rata sebesar 226,39 MPa dan kuat geser rata-rata bambu petung sebesar 7,88 MPa. Pada pengujian kuat lentur bambu petung rata-rata sebesar 95,08 MPa. Pengjian kuat tekan beton untuk 25/CAMP/BTN diperoleh kuat tekan rata-rata sebesar 19,18 MPa. Pada campuran 50/CAMP/BTN diperoleh kuat tekan beton rata-rata sebesar 22,36 MPa. Untuk campuran 75/CAMP/BTNdiperoleh kuat tekan beton rata-rata sebesar 17,91 MPa.
PERBANDINGAN PERFORMA KRIPTOGRAFI ASIMETRIS PADA PROSES KEY EXCHANGE
Authors: Ashari Wahid Miftahul
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah pengujian kecepatan dan tingkat konsumsi memory yang dibutuhkan dalam menjalankan sebuah kriptografi kunci publik yang digunakan saat ini.
ISOLASI BAKTERI PENDEGRADASI PESTISIDA DAN HERBISIDA
Authors: Ratnaningsih Hanim Rahayuani , Prameswari Di Ajeng , Taopan Rizki Adiputra
Published: March 2021

Pestisida dalam tanah dan lingkungan air yang terkontaminasi telah menjadi salah satu masalah yang paling sensasional karena efek merusak terhadap kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mencari isolat potensial mikroba pendegradasi pestisida dari beberapa penggunaan lahan dan menguji potensinya terhadap degradasi pestisida. Hasil yang diperoleh terdapat empat isolat pendegradasi herbisida dan dua isolat pendegradasi pestisida, empat isolat pendegradasi herbisida adalah H1RST1,Â HRT25, Â H3RSH2 dan HRT100, sedangkan dua isolat pendegradasi pestisida adalah PRT50 dan P1RST1. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan adalah pewarnaan gram, uji patogenitas dan uji viabilitas. Uji gram menunjukan semua isolat merupakan gram negatif dengan bentuk sel kokus, basil panjang dan basil pendek. Uji patogenitas pada daun tembakau menunjukan semua isolat tidak bersifat pathogen pada tanaman dengan tidak adanya gejala nekrosis. Uji viabilitas meekrosis. Uji viabilitas menunjukan isolat HRT25 memiliki nilai OD tertinggi 4,0, sedangkan isolat P1RST1 dan H3RST2menunjukan nilai OD terendah yaitu 0 pada masa inkubasi 48 jam.
DETEKSI BUNGA ANGGREK DENGAN METODE K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR PADA MATRIX CO-OCCURANCE
Authors: Asharudin Firman
Published: March 2021

Merubah citra dari RGB menjadi keabuan, kemudian memperbaiki kualitas citra inputan agar memudahkan proses pengenalan pola tanpa menghilangkan informasi utamanya, lalu sudut-sudut pola gambar, dan membuang bagian daerah selain pola gambar sehingga hanya bagian pola kelopak bunga saja yang diproses dan normalisasi merupakan teknik yang dapat meningkatkan pendeteksian pola kelopak bunga angrek. Penambahan nilai matriks pada sudut-sudut tertentu pada gambar juga dapat mempertegas feature pada gambar meskipun tidak signifikan. Namun, meskipun kenikan nilai feature tidak banyak, penambahan nilai matriks dapat menyepurnakan deteksi feature pada sebuah gambar. Metode ini digunakan karena metode ini berfokus pada masalah segmentasi teksturnya saja, lebih sederhana dibandingkan dengan metode lainnya. Maka dirasa perlu untuk mengukur seberapa tinggi tingkat akurasi pendeteksian bentuk bunga anggrek menggunakan metode matrix co-occurrence. Selanjutnya menggunakan K-NN untuk mengklasifikasikannya citra bunga anggrek. Permasalahan yang muncul yaitu pada kualitas kamera yang digunakan dan media gambar yang ditangkap oleh kamera. Namun keduanya tidak mempengaruhi terhadap nilai feature yang telah dihitung.
EKSPLORASI HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN KUIS DAN TUGAS PADA E-LEARNING EDMODO DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Trisniawati Trisniawati , Rhosyida Nelly , Muanifah Mahmudah Titi
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe student learning outcomes through quizzes and assignments on e-learning edmodo in the covid-19 pandemic era. This study also aims to determine the implementation of learning through edmodo by utilizing features in edmodo such as uploading material, videos, poll, quiz, and assignment. The subjects of this study were the second semester studentâ€™s elementary school education program of the Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University who were taking elementary school mathematics classes. The instrument used was in the form of multiple choice questions, essay, and true false statements. The results obtained by the 2D class obtained an average quiz score of 78.81 and an average grade of 72.85; Class 2E obtained an average quiz score of 83.14 and an average grade of 70.23; and grade 2I obtained an average quiz score of 92.23 and an average grade of assignments of 73.12. Student learning outcomes in all three classes namely 2D, 2E and 2I are included in both categories so that learning using edmodo can be implemented well and can further be modified with other e-learning platforms.