bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Seguridad Multidimensional y el Poder Aéreo: doctrinas de la OEA y Fuerza Aérea para fortalecer el desarrollo de la seguridad y la defensa. ¿Cuál es el nuevo panorama de Colombia?
Authors: Barrero David Barrero , Baquero Valdés Fabio , Gaitán Rodríguez Andrés
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo de investigación aborda la temática de la seguridad y defensa de las naciones desde la perspectiva de empleo del Poder Aéreo en Colombia frente a los retos de la Seguridad Multidimensional. Para este propósito se aplicó la metodología de revisión y análisis documental, la que permitió efectuar un examen comparativo de los elementos teóricos, conceptuales y prácticos del Poder Aéreo a partir de tres ejes temáticos específicos. El primero relacionado con las doctrinas de Poder Aéreo en Colombia y las amenazas tradicionales a la Seguridad Multidimensional, el segundo en función a la necesidad de articular el empleo del Poder Aéreo a las nuevas amenazas y sus características a partir de la globalización y aplicación de las TIC, el tercero relacionado con la armonía de empleo del Poder Aéreo frente a los escenarios de preocupaciones y nuevos desafíos a la seguridad, elemento donde reside la postura más revolucionaria del concepto de Seguridad Multidimensional. El anterior proceso facilitó la deducción de hallazgos y la deducción de importantes conclusiones dando respuesta al planteamiento problémico.
Relaciones familiares desde la perspectiva de adolescentes de Querétaro, México: un estudio a partir del enfoque de la democratización familiar
Authors: Gayou Esteva Ursula , Meza de Luna María Elena
Published: July 2018

Las familias han estado sufriendo múltiples transformaciones en las últimas cinco décadas, originando cambios en su estructura, organización y sistema de relaciones. Esta investigación se da a la tarea de hacer una evaluación del grado de democratización con que los adolescentes perciben a sus familias en el contexto actual queretano. Utilizamos un enfoque cuantitativo con la aplicación de un cuestionario a adolescentes de secundaria (n = 286, M = 13.01±1.02 años) para medir cuatro rasgos de democratización familiar: convivencia, comunicación, violencia y autoritarismo. Encontramos una tendencia en la percepción entre adolescentes hacia evaluar a sus familias con rasgos de democratización. Sin embargo, aún hay rezagos del autoritarismo que se manifiestan en el ejercicio de la violencia como un medio de enfrentar los problemas intrafamiliares. Los hallazgos son un desafío para académicos/as y profesionales dedicados a la prevención de la violencia, para crear nuevas estrategias capaces de promover la justicia en las relaciones familiares a través de intervenciones adecuadas.
Komposisi Jenis Alga Makrobentik Divisi Phaeophyta di Zona Intertidal Pantai Pancur Taman Nasional Alas Purwo
Authors: Kumalasari Deris Erlita , Sulistiyowati Hari , Setyati Dwi
Published: July 2018

Phaeophyta merupakan salah satu kelompok makroalga yang tersebar melimpah di zona intertidal. Alga makrobentik ini memiliki struktur talus yang terdiri atas bagian holdfast, stipe, dan blade. Kelompok tersebut memiliki kandungan warna yang disebut pigmen fukosantin. Metode yang digunakan adalah road sampling dengan melakukan penyusuran seluruh area sampling menggunakan GPS (Global Positioning System). Jenis-jenis alga yang ditemukan diidentifikasi dan dideskripsikan secara morfologi. Analisis komposisi jenis dilakukan secara deskripsi kualitatif . Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu terdapat empat jenis Phaeophyta yang terdiri atas Sargassum sp., Padina australis, Spatoglossum sp., dan Turbinaria ornata. Jenis-jenis yang ditemukan umumnya memiliki karakteristik morfologi holdfastnya bentuk cakram dan lempeng, stipe pendek, serta blade berupa lembaran dan silindris.Kata Kunci: Pantai Pancur, Phaeophyta, Struktur Morfologi, Zona intertidal
The synergy of marine fishing and the eco-tourism sector as the solution in resolving poverty of fishermen
Authors: Sunarlan Sunarlan , Kusnadi Kusnadi
Published: July 2018

The socio-economic condition of the traditional fishermen in Blimbingsari Village is considered to be less than the optimum. This problem has happened due to the diminishing revenue from fishing activities. The opportunity to work in the oﬀ-fishing sectors available are also limited, thus this creates a problem for thefishermen when it comes to earning an additional income. The objective of this article is to explore the alternative economic resources’ potential, with the aim of increasing the fishermen's revenue, to overcome poverty, and to improve their welfare. This study used a qualitative method to analyse the data. The results of the study reveal that the diminishing revenue of the fishermen is caused by the scarcity of the fishery resources, the unstable weather conditions that aﬀect the ability to sail, and the limited seafaring coverage. On the other hand, the marine eco-tourism sector may have the opportunity to assist in the improvement of the business diversification of fishing. Although the marine eco-tourism sector is running at a limited capacity, this sector is able to accommodate the development of tourism services. The fishermen's family members are able to be involved in their business activities. For instance, by becoming a helper in the fish stall business or even having the chance to establish their own business. The need for a fish supply for the fish stall business can be obtained from the local fishermen. Therefore, a mutual synergy between the eco-tourism and fishing sectors can be created by involving village-owned business, particularly when it comes to organising the local economic potential. This synergy can provide the chance to develop economic opportunities at a wider range. The rearrangement of the coastal area is also necessary to provide an opportunity for the local people to participate in coastal-based economic activities.
Globalization and Multipliers in the Pacific Alliance Countries: Cases of Peru, Chile and Colombia
Authors: Torres-Zorrilla Jorge
Published: July 2018

Primary objectives of this work are to discuss the relationship between the level of globalization, the tendencies of import coefficients, and the value of income multipliers in emerging countries in general. The analysis is made via three case studies from The Pacific Alliance countries: Colombia, Peru, and Chile. Statistical results confirm our initial hypothesis of an inverse relationship between globalization and the value of income multipliers. The methodology for calculation of income multipliers is based on the input-output tables of each country for the corresponding years of the analysis.
U.S. Debt: The Next Financial Crisis?
Authors: Stuart Paul
Published: July 2018

As the U.S. economy has mainly recovered from the 2008 Financial Crisis, with unemployment below 5%, inflation below 2%, and the stock market near all-time highs, there is growing concern about the huge amount of U.S. government debt, which today stands at over $20 Trillion dollars and 106% of Debt/GDP. Could this be the next thing to derail the U.S. economy, and in so doing, negatively affecting nearly every other country in the world?  This paper reviews the size and scope of the U.S. National Debt in it’s historical context. There are three reasons to be alarmed about this, especially now. First, the annual budget deficit, which had been shrinking in the later years of the Obama administration, is once again on the rise. Second, the Republican tax reduction bill is estimated to add another trillion dollars to the overall level of government debt in the next 10 years, even with higher GDP growth rates factored in. Third, the Trump administration, while slashing other areas of government spending (State Department, Environmental Protection Agency, and more) is once again seeking major increases in military spending. This scenario is strikingly similar to the early 1980’s, where deficits soared as a result. The paper also offers some solutions as to what can be done to bring it down to a more manageable level (or at least reduce it’s rate of growth). Like many things in economics, the “best” solution is to find ways to return to levels of historical GDP growth rates (3% and above).
Design and Implementation of a Sustainable Development Process Between Fitorremediation and Production of Bioethanol with E. crassipes
Authors: Carreño Sayago Uriel Fernando
Published: July 2018

A E. Crassipes is considered a problem in different aquatic ecosystems, due to its abundance could become a solution to design and build economic and efficient treatment plants, and especially for the production of biofuels such as bioethanol. The objective of this research is to design and implement a sustainable development process between phytoremediation and bioethanol production with E. crassipes, evaluating the incidence of chromium adhered to the biomass of this plant in the production of bioethanol. Materials and methods: A system was installed to evaluate the phytoremediation with E crassipes with water loaded with chromium, determining the effectiveness of this plant to remove this heavy metal even if it is alive in a body of water. After this process, we proceeded to bring the biomass loaded with chromium to bioreactors to evaluate the production of bioethanol, assessing three types of biomass, one without chromium adhered and the other two with chromium adhered to its plant structure. There was an impact of the ethanol production of the E crassipes due to the presence of chromium, but this production can be taken into account for the assembly of an integral system of phytoremediation and bioethanol production, making the most of this biomass.
Expansion, Excess and the Uncanny: Deadly Premonition and Twin Peaks
Authors: Novitz Julian
Published: July 2018

The influence of the cult television series Twin Peaks (1990-91) can be detected in a wide range of videogames, from adventure, to roleplaying to survival horror titles. While many games variously draw upon the narrative, setting and imagery of the series for inspiration, certain element of the distinctive uncanniness of Twin Peaks are difficult to translate into gameplay, particularly its ability consistently disrupt the expectations and emotional responses of its audience. This paper examines the ways in which the 2010 survival horror title Deadly Premonition attempts to replicate the uncanniness of Twin Peaks in both its narrative and gameplay, noting how it expands upon conceptualisations of the gamerly uncanny (Hoeger and Huber 2007). It contends that Deadly Premonition's awkward and uncanny recombination of seemingly inconsistent and excessive gameplay features mirrors the ways in which David Lynch and Mark Frost draw upon and subvert audience expectations for police procedurals and soap operas in the original Twin Peaks, while also providing a similarly disorienting excess of “realistic” detail. Furthermore its exploration of the theme of possession – a central element of the television series – offers a diegetic exploration of the uncanny relationship between the player and their onscreen avatar.
A Literature Review of Retailing Sector and Business Retailing Types
Authors: Hameli MSc. Kujtim
Published: July 2018

retail sector probably is the most important sector of economy because it has to do directly with consumer. It includes all stores, from kiosks and small groceries to supermarket chains and shopping malls that sell products and services to final consumer for personal and household use. The aim of this paper is to make an investigation of retail sector and its business type. To gather the data, second resources has been used. A deeply scanning of literature has been performed. According to the investigation, the retailing sector generally is organized in two main groups: the retailing within the store and retailing out of the store.Retailing within the store is classified according to different characteristics, but the most important types of classification are those based on the form of the ownership, merchandise and price. According to the ownership-based classification, the most important types are independent stores, chain stores, franchising and leased department stores. According to the merchandise-based classification the most important types of retailing are department stores, supermarkets, specialty stores, convenient stores, superstores and retailer services. According to the price-based classification, the most important types of retailing are discount stores, factory outlets, category killers, off-price stores, warehouse clubs and hypermarkets. According to the place-based classification the most important type of retailing are shopping centers. The most important types of retailing out of the store are direct selling, direct marketing and automatic vending machines selling.
Differences in efficiency of innovation performance among EU candidate countries and EU 28 countries
Authors: Stojanovska Dr. Sc. Slagjana , Madzova Dr. Sc. Violeta
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper is to identify if there are differences in the efficiency of innovation performance between the two groups of countries: EU candidate countries such as Macedonia, Serbia and Turkey and the average level of innovation performance in EU-28 countries from 2010 - 2017. The further paper’s analysis aims to identify the most crucial factors and indicator that contribute to the efficiency of innovation performance in both groups of countries.In that sense, the comparative analyses of the two observed groups of countries has been done, using   the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) data as well as 12 EIS indicators for the period 2010 - 2017. For benchmarking of the countries three indicators are created: sub-index Input Innovation (II), sub-index Output Innovation (OI) and the Innovation Efficiency Performance Index (IEPI).The findings show that there is a difference in efficiency of innovation performance indicators between the observed two groups of countries, but as well as among each the EU candidate country. In fact, Macedonia (IEPI=2.33) has twice higher efficiency of transforming innovation inputs into innovation output unlike the EU28 countries (IEPI=1.17), Serbia (IEPI=1.06) and Turkey (IEPI=.24).It can be noted as well that Macedonia managed to use its limited resources to input (sub-index II= 0.13) in much more efficient/productive way (IEPI= 2.33) and to obtain most output innovation (sub-index OI= 0.29). This paper’s findings can be used for designing better innovation policy in the observed EU candidate countries.
Examination of Finland Integrated Water Management Sample of EU’s Hydro Political Approach for Sustainable Ecological Planning
Authors: Karafak Dr. Sc. Filiz
Published: July 2018

First rule of sustainable ecological planning is to maintain continuously the balance between available amount and demand of ecological resources. A water resource, which is one of the most important ecological resources, is one of the resources that must be protected with priority since it is one of the most initial conditions of continuity of life. Upon this perspective, EU countries are developing various water policies and calling attention to the effects of insensibly usage of water on the ecology. Among EU countries, Finland is a very rich country in terms of water resources. According to water quality charts, Finland is at the top of the list among 122 countries within the scope of UN World Water Evaluation Report of World Water development reports issued in 2003. Additionally, it is one of the richest of 147 countries evaluated according to the water poverty index which was conducted by World Water Council and British Center for Ecology and Hydrology. Finland has developed many policies for sustainable use of this ecological value of its, and has made progress on many aspects from resource preservation to wastewater reclamation. Purpose of this study is to reveal AB hydro politic approaches and to examine water policies of Finland which conducts integrated water management. This study subject has been presented verbally at the International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering in 2015.
The Characteristic of Traffic Accidents Occurred On Mayjen Sungkono Street Malang due to Environmental Factors
Authors: Ratnaningsih S.T., M.T Dwi
Published: July 2018

The number of motor vehicles which persistently increases every year arises the impact of congestion issues and the increasing number of traffic accidents. According to the data obtained from the Traffic Police Corps of Malang District Police, Mayjen Sungkono Street which is located in Kedung Kandang, Malang, has a high accident rate since 2008 until 2012. The result of analysis indicates that several behaviours influencing traffic accident rate on Mayjen Sungkono Street include the occupation of perpetrators, in which 87% of them work as private entrepreneurs; the address of the perpetrators, in which 53, 07% of them come from Malang Regency; the age of perpetrators, in which 46,296% of them aged between 26 and 45 years old; and the age of pedestrians involved in which 35,484% of them aged less than 17 years old or between 17 and 25 years old. Besides, according to the data, the highest accident rate occurs in 2011 with the total percentage of 38, 89%.
SURGICAL MINI-FLANK APPROACH TO THE KIDNEY WITH LOCALIZED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Samartseva E. E. , Nosov A. K. , Petrov S. B. , Lushina P. A. , Reva S. A.
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study was an attempt to improve the results of organ-preserving treatment of patients with localized renal cell  carcinoma by developing and using abdominal intermuscular mini- flank approach to the kidney.

Material and methods. We analyzed the data of 119 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma at the N.N.  Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology from 2004 to  2013 years from three types of surgical approach: through an open  classical lumbotomy, laparoscopically and through the original  abdominal intermuscular mini-flank approach. The following  parameters were studied: the duration of the operation, the time of  renal artery ischemia, the volume of blood loss, the number of  patients requiring hemotransfusion, as well as the oncological and  functional results of partial nephrectomy, the cosmetic effect and the frequency of the formation of chronic postoperative pain.

Results. It is demonstrated that the proposed original intermuscular mini- flank approach as well as laparoscopic approach provides a good cosmetic effect, preserves the function of the  anterior abdominal wall and reliably reduces the incidence of chronic postoperative pain compared to open classical lumbotomy.
How do recommendation systems and nitrogen recovery efficiency work together?
Authors: Flis Sally
Published: July 2018

As technology in seed, fertilizer, crop monitoring, and data collection continues to advance, nitrogen recommendation systems will need to adapt. The influence of source, timing, and placement on rate is essential to consider in recommendations. Additionally, the influence of weather, soil, and other conservation practices on yield and efficiency measures like nitrogen recovery efficiency needs further consideration in the advancement of nitrogen recommendation systems. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/601.
Embracing data uncertainty in water decision-making: an application to evaluate water supply and sewerage in Spain
Authors: Ezbakhe Fatine , Pérez-Foguet Agustí
Published: July 2018

Analyses of complex water management decision-making problems, involving tradeoffs amongst multiple criteria, are often undertaken using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques. Various forms of uncertainty may arise in the application of MCDA methods, including imprecision, inaccuracy or ill determination of data. The ELECTRE family methods deal with imperfect knowledge of data by incorporating ‘pseudo-criteria’, with discrimination thresholds, to interpret the outranking relation as a fuzzy relation. However, the task of selecting thresholds for each criterion can be difficult and ambiguous for decision-makers. In this paper, we propose a confidence-interval-based approach which aims to reduce the subjective input required by decision-makers. The proposed approach involves defining the uncertainty in the input values using confidence intervals and expressing thresholds as a function of the interval estimates. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated by applying it to evaluate the water supply and sewerage services in Spain. Results show that the confidence interval approach may be interesting in some cases (e.g. when dealing with statistical data from surveys or measuring equipment), but should never replace the preferences or judgments of the actors involved in the decision process.
Comparative Evaluation of A Partial Dopamine Agonist with A Preferential D2 and D3 Receptor Antagonist on Ethanol Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
Authors: Yazdani Muhammad Akmal , Anwar Muhammad Jamir , Parveen Bushra , Vohora Divya
Published: July 2018

Background:

The role of dopamine receptor sub-families in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse has been established in numerous studies.  Objectives: In view of the extensive role of mesolimbic dopaminergic transmission in rewarding and reinforcing effect of abused drugs including ethanol, the present study evaluated three mechanistically different drugs viz a partial dopaminergic agonist (PDA, aripiprazole), preferential D3 (mixed D2/D3) receptor antagonist (nafadotride), and a preferential D2 antagonist (haloperidol), on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice.  Method: The study was carried out in Swiss strain albino mice. Ethanol (20%, 2g/kg) was used to induce CPP in mice. After the acquisition of CPP, behavioral tests (elevated plus maze and locomotor activity) were conducted and effect of drugs on expression and on reinstatement (after extinction) was studied.

Results:

We found that aripiprazole (1 and 2 mg/kg but not 0.5mg/kg), haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg), and nafadotride (4.5 mg/kg) administered for 1 week during the conditioning phase prevented acquisition, expression and reinstatement of ethanol-induced CPP. All the three drugs reduced the ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and produced antianxiety effects in elevated plus maze following the acquisition of ethanol CPP.

Conclusion:

Partial dopaminergic agonism by aripiprazole was found to be a better strategy for normalizing dopaminergic neurotransmission in alcoholics as seen in rodents.
Compensating Resonant Frequency via Adjusting Adjustable Coil Automatically
Authors: Xu Jin , Zhao Yuting
Published: July 2018

Background:

Detuning is the main problem that affects the efficiency and transmission
distance of the resonant coupling Wireless Power Transmission (WPT). The distance of load and the
offset of the load position could cause serious detuning.

Methods:

This paper presents an adjustable coil in which inductance can be adjusted. Then a model
of WPT was established that could compensate resonant frequency automatically using the adjustable
coil. Next, the relationship between the primary resonant frequency and the transmission efficiency
is analyzed from the circuit. The analysis proved that the design of the adjustable coil could
improve the transmission efficiency of the WPT system. Finally, a prototype of WPT system was
built.

Results:

The experimental results showed that WPT system with adjustable coil can improve the
transmission efficiency which proves the theoretical research. At the same time, it has essential reference
value for the future research of WPT.

Conclusion:

In this paper, aiming at the system detuning caused by some other factors, such as the
position shift of the load during the wireless power transmission, an adjustable coil is proposed.
Design and Optimization of Rectangular Patch Antenna Based on FR4, Teflon and Ceramic Substrates
Authors: Pandian Manickam Karthigai , Chinnadurai Thangam
Published: July 2018

Background:

Modern communication devices are very much dependent on the operation of
low profile antennas. The objective of this paper is to perform the design and simulation of a rectangular
microstrip patch antenna at a resonant frequency of 9.5 GHz.

Methods:

Design of the antenna is given with various substrates like FR4, Teflon and Ceramic
substrates at the desired frequency. For each substrate, the performance of the antenna is measured in
terms of its return loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR).

Results:

Ansoft High-Frequency Structure Simulator is used to simulate the antenna characteristics.

Conclusion:

Performance characteristics of the antenna with three different substrates are compared to
identify the substrate that provides the accurate return loss and VSWR.
Interaksi Sosial dalam Kejadian Abortus Provokatus Kriminalis di Kabupaten Bulukumba Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Ridwan Rizal , Prawitasari Shinta , Prawirodihardjo Leo Prawirodihardjo
Published: July 2018

Background: Many factors influence the decision to commit abortions, among all are marital status and educational status which most are still in school, economic pressure, multiparity or contaception failure. The social interaction is a connection between t the people who perform abortion and their suggestive environment.Objective: to observe the social interaction that happend among the person who perform abortion and the surrounding society.Method: This research makes use of qualitative method to understand the motives behind abortion practice, through an indepth interview. The sample collection is performed on H. A. Sulthan Dg Radja Hospital and Daffiku Hospital Bulukumba.Result and Discussion: Subject who performed abortion was influenced by internal and external factors. The internal factors include anxiousness, financial worrisome to support the child and fear of embarrassing the family in an unmaried women. As for the external factor includes pressure from families and friends who insist on performing abortion and the help from traditional healer on performing abortion. These two factors are not independent, and between them there are interactions to materialize abortion practice.Conclussion: Social interaction between individuals and between individual and the environment are an important role against abortion in decision making to have an provocative abortion. Keywords: Social interaction, abortion, factors for abortion
Robekan Perineum pada Persalinan Vaginal di Bidan Praktik Swasta (BPS) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Indonesia Tahun 2014-2016
Authors: Pangastuti Nuring
Published: July 2018

Background: Vaginal delivery is the most preffered mode of delivery by all women, and the birth attendants. The vaginal delivery assistance was conducted by various health professionals such as midwives, physicians, and obstetricians. Various complaints of pelvic floor dysfunction and complaints related to the perineum as a result of vaginal perineal laceration during childbirth can affect the quality of life of a woman.Objective: To identify and conduct an analysis of maternal factors (maternal age, parity, gestational age), fetal factor (birth weight), and the labor factor (duration of 2nd stage of labor), with the occurrence of perineal rupture in vaginal delivery at the 5 Midwife’s Private Clinic (MPC), Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Method: Retrospective medical record searching, from January 2014 until December 2016.Result and Discussion: There were 1595 obtained samples of data that met the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Number of perineal laceration reached 1201 (75.3%), with 1.9% of them are grade 3. Perineal rupture occurred in 80.55% of vaginal deliveries at young age, 69.14% in more than 35 years old women, and 85.05% primiparas. There was significant negative correlation (0.186) between parity and perineal rupture (p=0.000). The less the parity, the higher the incidence of perineal rupture (p=0.002). There was significant correlation between baby’s weight less than 2500 gram and perineal rupture but not for the baby’s weight more than 4000grams (p=0.304). The correlation was positive which meant that the heavier the baby’s weight the higher the incidence of perineal rupture. There was significant positive correlation (p=0,018) for the duration of 2nd stage of labor between 30-60 minutes and perineal rupture(0.061). The correlation was positive as well (0.092) for the duration of 2nd stage of labor more than 60 minutes and perineal rupture( p=0.002). The longer the duration of the 2nd stage of labor the higher the incidence of perineal rupture.Conclusion: There was significant relationship between parity, and duration of the 2nd stage of labor and perineal rupture in vaginal delivery. Keywords: perineal rupture, vaginal delivery, parity, duration of the 2nd stage of labor
Pemaknaan Menopause pada Perempuan Bangsawan Keraton Jawa
Authors: Sulistiyani Lisy , Suci Eunike Sri Tyas
Published: July 2018

Background: In most cases, women experience menopause with various kind of physical and psychological symptoms. Women’s understanding on menopause is influenced by their cultural background. Royal Javanese women are not sepatared from various Javanese traditions, such as “pitutur-pitutur”, “laku Jawa”, et cetera. Such traditions are the foundation they construct menopause experience.Objective: The purpose of this research is to obtain the meaning of menopause as experienced by Royal Javanese Women.Method: A qualitative method with in-depth interview is used in this research. Informants are seven Royal Javanese Women from three Javanese palaces: Solo, Yogyakarta and Cirebon; who were selected with purposive sampling technique.Result and Discussion: Based on this research, the meaning of menopause as experienced by Royal Javanese Women is significantly influenced by their construction of Javanese culture. Menopause is understood as an important event occurred to woman’s body. As an important event, Royal Javanese Women carry out several preparations and anticipative efforts prior to Menopause. Preparations are outer and inner treatment and applied in day-to-day activities such as taking Javanese traditional herbs (jamu) and carry out Javanese traditions or rituals (fasting, meditation, et cetera).Conclusion: The Acceptance of manapausal symptoms are the result of cultural exposure and aaptation in royal live enviroments.Keywords: Menopause, Javanese Culture, Royal Javanese Women, Meaning
Floristic and Soil Characteristic at The RPH Sentul-Probolinggo Protected Low Land Forest, East Java
Authors: Fiqa Abban Putri , Darmayanti Agung Sri
Published: July 2018

East Java’s forest has a less ideal area based on predetermined requirements. Therefore, rehabilitation was done to meet these requirements and to improve the quality of existing forests. This research was conducted to identify the character of protected forest in Resort Pemangku Hutan (RPH) Sentul area, about vegetation structure and abiotic factor of lowland forest area with low rainfall. The research was conducted by explorative method with plot making for tree plant, sapling and ground cover to inventory and determine the forest vegetation structure inside the area, also by measuring the environmental parameters (temperature, humidity and light intensity) and making soil sampling to analyze biophysical condition. Data were analyzed descriptively both on vegetation condition and physical condition of land and its environment. The result showed that there were identified 84 species from 39 plant families either as trees, sapling or ground cover, with species of Moraceae as the largest contributor. The diversity index of the three types of vegetation shows a medium categorized, while the index of evenness indicates a good categorized that is close to one. Based on the existence of exotic species, especially on ground cover, within protected forest areas, this area has been degraded although not large. However, the physical condition of the soil and environmental conditions in the forest still indicate that this area is still quite good when used as a reference area on rehabilitation program with similar geographical conditions.Keywords: vegetation structure, soil characteristic, low land forest, RPH Sentul Probolinggo
Effects of Cetylpyridinium Chloride and Peroxyacetic Acid Treatment of Broiler Frames on Salmonella Incidence and Mechanically Separated Chicken Quality
Authors: Perez Saxon M. , Dhowlaghar Nitin , Kim Taejo , Siberio Lurdes , Heiti Vitor , Cord Christine Leick , Schilling M. Wes
Published: July 2018

Mechanically separated chicken (MSC) has a high incidence of Salmonella since it is separated and homogenized from multiple broiler frames. In addition, limited research has been reported on the reduction of naturally contaminated Salmonella on chicken carcasses or chicken frames. Therefore, broiler frames were treated with antimicrobial solutions of 0.1% peroxyacetic acid (PAA) or 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride with Citrilow (CPC) for contact times of 30, 60, 90, or 120 s and evaluated for their effectiveness at reducing the incidence of naturally contaminated Salmonella spp. on broiler frames and decreasing Salmonella counts on inoculated frames that were ground and sieved into MSC. Treatment times for PAA and CPC did not affect (P > 0.05) % incidence of Salmonella on naturally contaminated broiler frames. While CPC30 showed a greater % reduction in incidence (P < 0.05) than PAA30, CPC90 and CPC120 did not differ (P > 0.05) from PAA90 and PAA120. However, the CPC treatments imparted a greater decrease in incidence of Salmonella on frames than PAA. For inoculated frames, both antimicrobial treatments at all treatment times had fewer (P < 0.05) Salmonella counts in MSC than their controls. Treated MSC samples were evaluated for pH, color, cook loss and protein bind. On average, CPC treatments were lighter (CIE L*; P < 0.05) than PAA treatments, and PAA treatments were more red (CIE a*) and more yellow (CIE b*; P < 0.05) than CPC treatments. All treatments produced MSC with lesser hue values than their controls. Protein bind and cook loss results indicated that the PAA treatments had no significant impact on MSC quality. Frames that were treated with CPC for 60 s yielded less protein bind than the control, which indicates less protein functionality.
Historia de la regulación de los medicamentos genéricos en México: 1977 a la fecha
Authors: Becerril-Ruiz Víctor Hugo , Ortiz-Reynoso Mariana , Santillán-Benítez Jonnathan Guadalupe
Published: July 2018

Esta es una revisión del desarrollo histórico de la legislación en materia de medicamentos genéricos en México, con especial énfasis en la evolución del Cuadro Básico de Medicamentos desde 1975 hasta la actualidad y en la Norma Oficial Mexicana 177 versiones 1998 y 2013. Se discute también el impacto que tienen estos insumos para la salud en la economía nacional, puesto que México está considerado como el primer exportador de medicamentos en América Latina. Se revisa el uso de la prueba in vitro de disolución como una herramienta necesaria tanto en la fase de investigación y desarrollo, como en la de la producción industrial de medicamentos. Asimismo, se revisa el sistema de clasificación biofarmacéutica, un modelo que puede ser usado como guía para definir una prueba de intercambiabilidad. Los medicamentos genéricos son un insumo de especial importancia para el Estado mexicano porque son un elemento clave para abatir el gasto en salud pública.
Latest issue of Slavic Linguistic Atlas “Personal characteristics of a human” (arealogical commentary)
Authors: Вендина Татьяна , Vendina Tatiana
Published: July 2018

The article deals with spatial and temporal interpretation of the vocabulary, which is represented on the maps of new 12th volume “Personal characteristics of a human” of “Slavic Linguistic Atlas” (SLA). It gives the answer for the question what the Atlas maps tell. The article is based on the SLA materials that ensure reliability and truthfulness of the research results. The author interprets the revealed lexical isoglosses in terms of genetic, areal and typological aspects.

Analyzing the maps of “Slavic Linguistic Atlas”, the author states that three factors played an important role in the historical evolution of the Slavic dialect continuum, specifically the factor of genetically inherited, the factor of universal typological and the factor of contact convergence. This conclusion is affirmed with the vast materials and allows to reveal a complex pattern of areal relations between Slavic dialects.
The system of supreme power in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War: historiography, sources and research prospects
Authors: Хлевнюк Олег , Khlevnyuk Oleg
Published: July 2018

The paper is dedicated to the main tendencies of the development of system of supreme power in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War due to a transformation of mechanics of decision-making and one-man dictatorship were transformed. The current published works on this subject aim to study formal structures of power, yet practices of the government and its qualitative characteristics have been insufficiently studied. This article analyzes the main archive funds that reflect activities of soviet leaders and changes in the supreme power system at various stages of the War. The study and comparison of these documental funds will determine research prospects in the field.
A Russian Island in the Orthodox East: Mount Athos in the 19th – early 20th Centuries
Authors: Герд Лора , Gerd Lora
Published: July 2018

Mount Athos holds a special place in the East Christian world. The Russian monastery foun-ded in the 11th century experienced its height in the 19th – early 20th centuries, when it received an official title “Russian” and its brethren numbered up to 1800 people. The deep respect towards the Holy Mount in Russia, the diplomatic support from the Russian Embassy at Constantinople and the rich donations contributed to the prosperity of “Russian Athos”. The systematic indepth study of the sources made it possible to rewrite the history of this unique phenomenon on the Balkans.
Blurred Boundaries: Drugs, Immigration & Border Policy Along the U.S.-Mexico Divide
Authors: Carmichael Logan
Published: July 2018

Drugs, immigration, and border policy are intrinsically linked in the context of the United States-Mexico divide.  However, there are often misunderstandings that border policy and immigration from Mexico are the root causes of a ‘drug epidemic’ in America.  This paper dispels these misconceptions by exploring the diverse sources of illicit narcotics and examining the ideologies, government policies, and underlying domestic issues that comprise this epidemic.
The Influence of Institutional Interplay on the Development of the BRICS Bank
Authors: Kiefer Valerie
Published: July 2018

With a greater degree of integration than ever before in areas such as trade, the environment, migration, etc., international institutions have emerged in an attempt to achieve greater cohesion and regulation among the plethora of global actors and issues that exist today. The consideration of international institutions and actors in terms of a network of interrelated bodies is referred to as a regime complex. One of these institutions is the BRICS Bank, or the New Development Bank (NDB), forged by the BRICS nations, namely Brazil, Russia, India, China, and more recently, South Africa. By applying different frameworks for considering the role and influence of institutional interplay within a greater regime complex, a clear link can be seen in how international institutions effect one another, their development, structures, and objectives.
Improving Counter-Terrorism Policy Integration in the European Union: An Analysis
Authors: Wieczorek Christopher
Published: July 2018

This paper takes as its starting point recent terror attacks in the European Union and seeks to understand why the EU has suffered such a wave of high-profile, damaging attacks. Specifically, the paper explores counter-terrorism policy at the EU level and investigates why the integration of EU counter-terrorism policy is not higher among individual member states. Following an examination of previous terrorist incidents in the history of the EU and a literature review on EU-level counter-terrorism policy, the paper explores counter-terrorism institutions and mechanisms within the EU. A substantial analysis of the level of integration (or lack thereof) of these institutions and mechanisms is then undertaken, before by a concluding section that offers policy revisions to increase the implementation of policies by member states. The paper ultimately argues that implementation of counter-terrorism policy is lacking because individual member states are reluctant to cede their sovereignty over such an important policy area. The suggestion is also made that future EU counter-terrorism efforts should both focus on demonstrating how EU-level efforts will make member states safer, and, importantly, on creating mechanisms and institutions that will be of practical benefit to member states within their own domestic arenas.
A FUNÇÃO DA CULPABILIDADE NO PENSAMENTO DE CLAUS ROXINbr/>THE FUNCTION OF CULPABILITY IN THE THINKING OF CLAUS ROXIN
Authors: Siqueira Leonardo Henrique Gonçalves de
Published: July 2018

O presente trabalho pretende discutir a função da culpabilidade na obra de Claus Roxin. O autor, em virtude da abertura proporcionada pela política criminal, pretende funcionalizar o conceito de culpabilidade inserindo-o dentro de um elemento mais amplo, a responsabilidade. Dentro do conceito de responsabilidade também faz parte como elemento a necessidade de pena, ou, melhor dizendo, a prevenção geral positiva. Assim, a culpabilidade ficaria reduzida ao papel de limitar o poder de punir do estado, estabelecendo apenas o limite máximo da pena privativa de liberdade aplicada no caso em concreto. Todavia, defende-se a hipótese que a função de contenção do poder de punir na visão do funcionalista é apenas simbólica e, no fundo, no momento da medida da pena, a culpabilidade é relegada a segundo plano e fica completamente submetida a questões de prevenção geral e especial.
EUGÊNIO COSERIU E A LINGUÍSTICA DO TEXTO NO BRASIL
Authors: Pinheiro Clemilton Lopes
Published: July 2018

As primeiras pesquisas sobre o texto, no Brasil, surgiram no início da década de 1980, quando apareceram as primeiras publicações que apresentaram ao leitor brasileiro uma visão geral do que se estudava na Europa sobre o tema, sobretudo em países como Alemanha e França. Atualmente, os estudos do texto no país estão consolidados, ainda sob a influência de autores europeus, mas buscam sua identidade. O nome de Eugenio Coseriu fui silenciado, no Brasil, nesse campo. Sem querer discutir as razões desse desinteresse dos pesquisadores que impediu a influência de Coseriu nos estudos do texto no Brasil, propomos, neste trabalho, uma reflexão sobre duas perspectivas do programa de pesquisa sobre o texto desenvolvida no país: a Perspectiva textual-interativa e a Perspectiva sociocognitivo-discursiva. Para isso, tomaremos como base a distinção coseriana entre gramática do texto e linguística do texto.
ESTUDO SEMÂNTICO-DISCURSIVO DA REFERÊNCIA TEXTUAL SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA LINGUÍSTICA SISTÊMICO-FUNCIONAL
Authors: Sippert Luciane , Rottava Lucia
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo, fundamentado na Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1978; HALLIDAY e MATTHIESSEN, 2004, 2009 e 2014), aborda a referência com base na metafunção textual. Nosso objetivo foi explicitar os sistemas discursivos de identificação e periodicidade, a fim de contribuir para a reflexão relacionada ao estudo do texto no Brasil, em uma perspectiva sistêmico-discursiva (MARTIN e ROSE, 2007). Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa e interpretativa, realizado a partir da análise de cinco textos do gênero resenha escritos em contexto acadêmico. Esta análise contemplou a metafunção textual proporcionando o entendimento da progressão textual, a partir dos processos de identificação e periodicidade. Os tipos de referências e de estrutura temática presentes nos textos levou a conclusão de que os alunos têm um conhecimento implícito destas estratégias de construção textual, no entanto requerem um trabalho sistematizado para explorar as potencialidades da linguagem a fim de contribuir para o aprimoramento do letramento acadêmico.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DO REFERENTE EM UMA ANÁLISE DO PATHOS NA POLÊMICA
Authors: Brito Mariza Angélica Paiva , Oliveira Rafael Lima de
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho busca compreender como se constitui o apelo ao pathos dentro da polêmica discursiva, abordada por Amossy (2017), atualizada em comentários de postagens em páginas do Facebook. Para atingir esse objetivo, basear-nos-emos nos construtos teóricos de Aristóteles (2005), Plantin (2008), Charaudeau (2010) e Amossy (2017) acerca do pathos, e analisaremos a construção dos referentes com apoio em Custódio Filho (2011), Cavalcante e Brito (2016) e Cavalcante, Custódio Filho e Brito (2014), para fundamentar as evidências de certas disposições do locutor para representar os referentes conforme uma dada visão de mundo, a partir de valores partilhados socialmente. Tais valores também se relacionam, segundo Charaudeau (2010), à manifestação das emoções do sujeito.
UM OLHAR PARA O EFEITO-TEXTO: A MUDANÇA DE POSIÇÃO-SUJEITO DA ESCRITA À REESCRITA DE TEXTOS NA UNIVERSIDADE
Authors: Juchem Aline
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a mudança de posição-sujeito no processo de escrita e reescrita de textos no contexto acadêmico. A partir da perspectiva discursiva, cuja unidade de análise é o texto, busca-se lançar um olhar para o efeito da relação entre sujeito-língua-história, visto que o ponto de vista do analista do discurso não visa a desvendar o que o texto quer dizer, mas como o texto significa. Desse modo, considera-se que o sentido do texto é efeito de um processo de significação, que, neste trabalho, se instaura entre a escrita e a reescrita de textos na universidade, a partir do qual se tecem os sentidos do discurso emergidos pelo efeito-texto e a partir do qual são ressignificados em sala de aula. Da escrita à reescrita, sujeito e sentido se repetem e se deslocam para outros sentidos, para novas posições na linguagem, e esse olhar significa o estudo do texto.
REFERENCIAÇÃO E TÓPICO DISCURSIVO: CATEGORIAS ANALÍTICAS E CATEGORIAS INTERACIONAIS
Authors: Costa Sanches Vignoli Jacqueline , Zimmermann Machado Daniela
Published: July 2018

Artigo com o objetivo de discutir a noção de tópico discursivo como categoria sociocognitiva a partir da relação entre os estudos sobre objeto de discurso e tópico discursivo (TD), considerando a construção de referentes (ou apenas de sentidos) em textos do gênero charge. A noção de objeto de discurso, oposta à noção de objetos do mundo, pode ser entendida como uma construção “mental” de referentes resultante de uma atividade discursiva (que não recai no reducionismo de que a língua reflete o mundo). O TD é uma unidade abstrata de análise, tendo nos segmentos tópicos sua materialização a partir das propriedades de centração e organicidade. Entendemos que a topicalidade seja um aspecto constitutivo dos textos em geral e que sua manifestação ocorra a partir de uma relação global entre diversos tipos de conhecimentos, sendo necessário que o TD seja extraído do texto pelo analista, conforme demonstraremos com análise de três charges.
EM DEFESA DA NOÇÃO SOBRE REDES REFERENCIAIS NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO TEXTO
Authors: Gomes Matos Janaica
Published: July 2018

Nosso artigo se centra na necessidade de rediscutirmos a noção mais clássica em torno das cadeias referenciais, na Linguística Textual e, com base nisto, repensarmos um novo tratamento a conferir sobre o fenômeno, sugerindo chamá-lo de redes referenciais, de modo mais compatível com os pressupostos sociocognitivo-discursivos, na área de estudos da referenciação. Para tanto, apoiamo-nos, principalmente, em obras como a de Cavalcante (2011; 2012), Cavalcante, Custódio Filho e Brito (2014) e Custódio Filho (2011). Nossa proposta é resultante de nossa pesquisa de tese sobre as tessituras de referentes, atendendo aos parâmetros do gênero textual e à construção das recategorizações aplicadas à nota jornalística.