bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecularly Imprinted Materials: Towards the Next Generation
Authors: Ye Lei , Mosbach Klaus , Spivak David A. , Sibrian-Vazquez Martha
Published: April 2017

This brief overview summarizes some recent developments from our Center for Molecular Imprinting related to the topic of this symposium. After a short presentation of the principle of molecular imprinting and recognition, the use of different materials including hybrids for the formation of the host will be discussed, followed by examples given of different formats used such as small polymer beads. In closing, potential directions for the next generation of molecular imprinting technology will be discussed.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Used as Optical Waveguides for the Detection of Fluorescent Analytes
Authors: Brazier Jennifer J. , Yan Mingdi , Prahl Scott , Chen Yin-Chu
Published: April 2017

This article demonstrates the novel approach of fabricating molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as fiber optic waveguides for the detection of fluorescent analytes. Combining a polyurethane system and the soft lithography technique of micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC), polymer waveguides of 50 νm and 100 νm dimensions were patterned onto a silicon substrate. Laser coupling into small waveguide segments has been verified visually. Binding experiments using the waveguides are currently being explored. Some preliminary binding studies have been performed, however, for smaller, freestanding filaments of sizes consistent with conventionally prepared MIP particles. Using fluorimetry measurements, templated fibers of 20 νm dimension preferentially bound the analyte molecules by a factor of 1.5 as compared to control polymers.
Photochemical Enzyme Co-Factor Regeneration: Towards Continuous Glutamate Monitoring with a Sol-Gel Optical Biosensor
Authors: Rickus Jenna L. , Tobin Allan J. , Zink Jeffrey I. , Dunn Bruce
Published: April 2017

Sol-gel encapsulation has recently surfaced as a successful approach to biomolecule immobilization. Proteins, including enzymes, are trapped in the pores of the sol-gel derived glass while retaining their spectroscopic properties and biological activity. Our current work extends the unique capabilities of biomolecule-doped sol-gel materials to the detection of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. We are developing an in vivo fiber optic biosensor for glutamate along with methods to achieve continuous monitoring. In our research to date we have encapsulated GDH in a silica sol-gel film on the tip of an optical fiber. GDH catalyzes the oxidative deamination of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and the simultaneous reduction of NAD+ to NADH. To quantify the glutamate concentration, we observe the rate of change of NADH fluorescence as a function of time. An important consideration for continuous in vivo monitoring is the incorporation of a selfsustaining NAD+ source. We have adopted a photochemical means of regenerating NAD+ from NADH, by irradiating thionine (3,7-diaminophenothiazin-5-ium) which we incorporate into the sol-gel sensor material. When excited with visible light (λabc∼ 596 nm), thionine undergoes a reaction with NADH resulting in a non-fluorescent form of thionine and NAD+. We have characterized the kinetics of this reaction in the sol-gel matrix, and have shown that the reaction results in regenerated co-factor that is usable by GDH for the oxidation of glutamate.
A Novel Latching Relay Fabricated Using an Oxide Molded Tungsten Process
Authors: Fleming J.G. , Baker Michael , Luck David
Published: April 2017

In this paper we describe an oxide molded tungsten process applied to the fabrication of a novel latching relay. The steps in the process are: deposition of a sacrificial oxide, patterning of the oxide, filling of the resulting mold with a blanket film of tungsten using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and then the removal and planarization of excess tungsten through chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). The process for the incorporation of dielectric isolation has also been developed. The resulting tungsten structures are under high tensile stress, which appears to be compensated in process by the compressive stress of the oxide mold. All the steps are low temperature and the entire process is backend CMOS compatible. This process has been used to fabricate a latching relay which relies on the internal stress of the tungsten and always generates force in a pulling mode. Parts have been successfully fabricated and tested, the devices generate very high forces for a MEMS device and give reasonable contact resistances even without noble metal contacts.
Investigation of Electric Characteristics of Nanoscale Composite A1B5C6 Semiconductors: Experiment and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Khlyap H. , Bilozertseva V. , Panchenko L. , Shkumbatiuk P. , Andrukhiv M.
Published: April 2017

Composite semiconductors belonging to the group A1B5C6(Ag3SbS3, Tl3SbS3, Ag3AsS3 and others) are seemed to be among the most promising materials for manufacturing detectors of ionizing radiations (γ-Ray Detectors Based on Composite A1B5C6 Semiconductors, H. Khlyap et al., MRS Proceed. 792 (2004, R3.4.1). Electric properties of these wide-gap semiconductors are almost not studied. The paper reports first experimental results on electric field-induced effects observed in these nanoscaled semiconductor structures under the room temperature. Bulk materials as well as thin films were studied. The experimental data were analyzed according to the semiclassical theory of tunneling in solids.
Significance of Surface Topography on Performance and Lifetime of MEMS Switches and Relays
Authors: Kogut Lior , Komvopoulos Kyriakos
Published: April 2017

Switches and relays that have emerged from the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology have the potential to replace traditional solid-state devices due to broader operating temperature range, higher breakdown voltage, and much higher off-state resistance. Interest in MEMS switches and relays has surged recently, principally due to the demonstrated performance in switching radio-frequency signals. However, understanding of the effect of the surface topography on performance and lifetime of these microdevices is rather empirical. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the role of surface topography in various physical phenomena encountered at contact interfaces of MEMS switches and relays. Emphasis is given on the dependence of pull-in voltage, electric field, and electrical breakdown on surface topography and interpretation of contact interface phenomena associated with surface erosion and adhesion in the context of surface topography effects. In addition, current obstacles in the study of the influence of the surface topography on the performance of MEMS switches and relays are discussed in light of recent findings.
Chirality Characterization of Dispersed Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Namkung Min , Williams Phillip A. , Mayweather Candis D. , Wincheski Buzz , Park Cheol , Namkung Juock S.
Published: April 2017

Raman scattering and optical absorption spectroscopy are used for the chirality characterization of HiPco single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) dispersed in aqueous solution with the surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Radial breathing mode (RBM) Raman peaks for semiconducting and metallic SWNTs are identified by directly comparing the Raman spectra with the Kataura plot. The SWNT diameters are calculated from these resonant peak positions. Next, a list of (n, m) pairs, yielding the SWNT diameters within a few percent of that obtained from each resonant peak position, is established. The interband transition energies for the list of SWNT (n, m) pairs are calculated based on the tight binding energy expression for each list of the (n, m) pairs, and the pairs yielding the closest values to the corresponding experimental optical absorption peaks are selected. The results reveal (1, 11), (4, 11), (5, 12), and (5, 9) among the most probable chiralities for the semiconducting nanotubes. The results also reveal that (4, 16), (6, 12) and (8, 8) are the most probable chiralities for the metallic nanotubes. Directly relating the Raman scattering data to the optical absorption spectra, the present method is considered the simplest technique currently available. Another advantage of this technique is the use of the, E11S, E33S, and E22M peaks in the optical absorption spectrum in the analysis to enhance the accuracy in the results.
Zinc Powder Evaporation: an Efficient Way of Synthesizing a Wide Range of High-quality ZnO Nanostructures at Lower Temperature
Authors: Zhang Yue , He Jian , Huang Yunhua , Gu Yousong , Ji Zhen , Zhou Cheng
Published: April 2017

We developed an efficient method in achieving a wide range of high-quality ZnO nanostructures by zinc powder evaporation at lower temperature. The synthesis under specific conditions of ZnO nanostructures, such as comb-like structures, well-aligned nanorods, nanonails and core-shell ZnO/SiOx nanowires, were introduced in detailed respectively in this letter. Meanwhile, SEM, TEM, HRTEM and EDX investigations were performed on the products and revealed the crystal structure and the growth mechanism. These high-quality nanostructures enriched the family of ZnO nanomaterials and may have potential applications in optoelectronics, sensors and nanoscale mechanics research.
Spontaneous Growth of Nickel Silicide Nanowires and Formation of Self-Assembled Nanobridges by the Metal Induced Growth Method
Authors: Kim Joondong , Anderson Wayne A. , Song Young-Joo
Published: April 2017

Nickel monosilicide (NiSi) nanowires (NWs) have been fabricated by the metal induced growth (MIG) method. Ni as a catalyst was deposited on a SiO2 coated Si wafer. In a DC magnetron sputtering system, the Ni reacts at 575°C with sputtered Si to give nanowires. Different metal catalysts (Co and Pd) were used to prove the MIG NW growth mechanism. NiSi NWs were a single crystal structure, 20-80 nm in diameter and 1-10 μm in length. The linear NW growth property provided nanobridge formation in a trenched Si wafer. The trenches in a Si wafer were made by dry etching and a simple, conventional metal lift off method. The self-assembled nanobridge can be applied to form nanocontacts at relatively low temperatures. The MIG NB is a promising 1 dimensional nanoscale building block to satisfy the need of ‘self and direct’ assembled ‘bottom-up’ fabrication concepts.
Fine-Tuning of the Spectral Collection Efficiency in a Multilayer Junction Through the LSP Technique
Authors: Fernandes M. , Fantoni A. , Niehus M. , Louro P. , Lavareda G. , Carvalho C. N. , Vieira M.
Published: April 2017

We report in this paper the recent advances we obtained in optimizing a color image sensor based on the LSP technique. A device structure based on a a-SiC:H/ a-Si:H pin/pin tandem structure has been tested for a proper color separation process that takes advantage on the different filtering properties due to the different light penetration depth at different wavelengths inside the a-Si:H and a-SiC:H absorbers. Under reverse bias the green and the red images give, in comparison with previous tested structures, a weak response, while this structure shows a very good recognition of blue color, leaving a good margin for future device optimization in order to achieve a complete and satisfactory RGB image mapping. The physics behind the device functioning is explained by recurring to a numerical simulation of the internal electrical configuration of the device in dark and under different wavelength irradiations. Considerations about conduction band offsets, electrical field profiles and inversion layers will be taken into account to explain the optical and voltage bias dependence of collected photocurrent.
Mechanically Tunable Nanophotonic Devices
Authors: Park W. , Schonbrun E. , Tinker M. , Wu Q. , Lee J.-B.
Published: April 2017

We report a novel tunable nanophotonic device concept based on Mechanically Controlled Photonic Crystal (MCPC), which is comprised of a periodic array of high index dielectric material and a low index polymer. Tunability is achieved by applying mechanical force with nano-/micro-electron-mechanical system actuators. The mechanical stress induces changes in the periodicity of the photonic crystal, to which the photonic band structure is extremely sensitive. This consequently produces tunability much greater than that achievable by electro-optic materials such as liquid crystal. Our theoretical investigations revealed that we could achieve dynamic beam steering over a wide range of angles up to 75° with only 10% mechanical stretching. We also predicted tunable sub-wavelength imaging in which we could tune the frequency response and focal length of negative index PC lens. For experimental demonstration, we fabricated the PC structures on Si-on-insulator substrates. Optical characterizations clearly showed the anticipated negative refraction in which the incident beam was refracted back to the side it was incident. The experimental demonstration of negative refraction at optical frequencies in a Si-based photonic crystal structure is a significant step toward the next-generation nanophotonics.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN BENIH GURAME DALAM PEMELIHARAAN SISTEM RESIRKULASI DENGAN PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBEDA
Authors: Hatimah Sri , Heruwati Endang Sri
Published: April 2017

Penelitian pemeliharaan benih gurame (Osphronemus gouramy) menggunakan sistemresirkulasi dengan jenis pakan berbeda telah dilakukan di Banyumas, Jawa Tengah, untuk mengetahui keragaan perlumbuhan dan sintasan larvanya.
PENAMBAHAN VITAMIN C DAN PENGGUNAAN ARGON DALAM PAKAN LELE LOKAL (Clarias batrachus) DI KOLAM TADAH HUJAN
Authors: Suryanti Yanti , Priyadi Agus , Suhenda Ningrum
Published: April 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian penambahan vitamin C dan Argon dalam pakan buatan lele loka (Clarias batrachus) yang dipelihara di kolam tadah hujan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan sintasannya.
Geotechnical properties of a natural zeolite
Authors: Georgiannou Vasiliki N. , Lefas Demetrios , Konstadinou Maria , Perraki Maria
Published: April 2017

An investigation into the geotechnical properties of a natural, crushed and ground zeolite used as a compacted soil liner in geoenvironmental applications was carried out to ensure adequate strength and permissible compressibility. Tests aimed at examining the influence of gradation, density and stress level on strength show that the zeolite behaves as any granular material with its shear strength in direct shear increasing with density and stress level and decreasing with increasing uniformity. To validate these findings direct shear tests were performed on two quartz sands of similar mean diameter and varying gradations and grain shape. The results of the tests on the zeolite and the sand of similar gradation and grain shape nearly coincide. For the zeolite under consideration, which is mainly composed of clinoptilolite, grain crushing is negligible for stress levels common in engineering construction. Finally, the influence of wetting on the shear strength of the zeolite is insignificant. The results indicate that these materials can be analysed within the framework of behaviour for quartz sands.
HOW THE STUDY OF WHITE SUPREMACISM IS HELPED AND HINDERED BY SOCIAL MOVEMENT RESEARCH*
Authors: Blee Kathleen M.
Published: April 2017

Scholars of white supremacism adopted the framework of social movement research later and less completely than did scholars of progressive movements. Although the shift to considering racist groups as a social movement had many analytic benefits, it also nudged analysis away from some of the most central aspects of white supremacism. This article suggests how social movement research and scholarship on organized racism can benefit from a more reflective engagement with each other.
Clinical study of open versus laparoscopic management for gastroduodenal perforation
Authors: Ullah Sami , Uddin Warda Mohay , Iqbal Zafar , Ullah Irfan , Iqbal M. Asad , Jie Wang , Sun Wang , Dong Tong , Daorong Wang
Published: April 2017

Background: This study was organized to compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic and open repair of gastroduodenal perforation, and to provide the impressive surgical method of treatment for gastroduodenal perforation.Methods: The present study was conducted with 174 consecutive patients treated for gastroduodenal perforations. These patients included 121 with perforated gastric ulcers, 53 with perforated duodenal ulcers, Whereas 31 patients were treated laparoscopically, and 143 patients underwent conventional (open) surgery.Results: A total of 174 patients were studied with men and women ratio of 4:1. This observational study revealed 80% male preponderance, with mean age of 48 years. Gastric perforations (n=77, i.e., 84.62%) were more common than duodenal perforations (n=14, i.e., 15.38%). Simple closure with omental patch (n=74, i.e., 81.32%) was the most common surgical method for duodenal perforation. While for gastric perforations were repaired primarily with two layered sutures.  The mean operating time of open were 61 min and 86 min for laparoscopic surgery. Wound infection was the commonest post-operative complication which was seen in 31 (17.81%) patients.Conclusions: Laparoscopic gastroduodenal perforation repair is safe and reliable, has good clinical efficacy, the incidence of complications compared with open surgery does not increase, and has less surgical trauma, less bleeding, advantages of fast recovery of gastrointestinal function and short hospitalization time, Thus it has great clinical significance and should be promoted in surgery.
Terrorism catastrophising and hazardous alcohol use among students of a tertiary institution in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Okonoda Kingsley M. , Obindo James T. , Onifade Peter O. , Makput Duwap M. , James Bawo O.
Published: April 2017

Background: Being a maladaptive means of coping with stress, alcohol abuse may be associated with level of terrorism in a community. Jos has had a number of terrorists’ attacks which have had devastating effects on the city and its environs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of terrorism catastrophizing, hazardous alcohol use as well as the relationship between terrorism catastrophizing and hazardous alcohol use among students of the Plateau State Polytechnic, Jos Campus.Methods: A cross sectional study of 230 students in the departments of accountancy, business administration and management who completed self-administered questionnaires during one of their classes following a random cluster sampling of departments.Results: The TCS showed that 43.5% of the participants had terrorism catastrophizing. Pearson correlation showed a high significant positive correlation (p<0.05) across the three dimensions of terrorism catastrophizing: rumination, r=0.807; magnification, r=0.726; and helplessness, r=0.754. However, no significant correlation exists between terrorism catastrophising (rumination, magnification and helplessness), alcohol use disorder, r = -0.016, p = 0.817 (AUDITc), and problem drinking behavior, r= -0.157, p=0.06.Conclusions: There was no positive correlation between terrorism catastrophizing and hazardous alcohol drinking.
A prospective observational study for the evaluation of maternal and fetal outcome in patient with eclampsia
Authors: Dora Santosh Kumar , Nayak Lalmohan , Pande Benudhar , Dandapat Atal Bihari
Published: April 2017

Background: Eclampsia continues to be a measure health issue in developing country. In order to get a comprehensive data on eclamptic patients we conduct a prospective observational study to address the maternal and fetal complication during pregnancy.Methods: It is a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care medical college between the periods September 2016 to February 2017. During the period all patients with eclampsia admitted to the labour room were taken. Any patients with known epilepsy were excluded from the study.Results: During the period 3780 women were admitted to the labour room, out of which 56 women had eclampsia with an incidence of 1.48%. Out this antenatal eclampsia was most common with an incidence of 91.08% followed by intra partum 4 (7.14%) and postpartum eclampsia 1 (1.78%). Majority of patients 54 (96.43%) were unbooked or inadequately supervised. Most of the patient had normalization of blood pressure after oral nifedipine 46 (82.14%), only 10 (17.86%) patient required additional injection labetalol for control of blood pressure. The maternal complications were placental abruption 8 (14.28%), HELLP 6 (10.71%), pulmonary edema 1 (1.78%), acute renal failure 1 (1.78%), DIC 1 (1.78%) and maternal death 2 (3.57%). Out of fifty six babies delivered 42 (75%) had live birth and 14 (25%) had still birth. A total of 17 (40.42%) had IUGR, 17 (40.47%) require SNCU admission post-delivery.Conclusions:Eclampsia still remains the major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity. In low resource countries improvement in health care facility, adequate antenatal supervision, and timely referral will reduce the maternal and fetal complication.
Cutaneous manifestations in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Baghel Nekram , Awasthi Sankalp , Kumar Sweta S.
Published: April 2017

Background: Skin lesions both benign and malignant occur frequently in renal transplant recipients receiving long term immunosuppressive drugs. Aim was to study cutaneous manifestations in renal transplant recipients (RTRs).Methods: Thirty two patients with chronic kidney diseases who underwent renal transplant were included in the study. All of the patients were fully examined for cutaneous, hair, nail and mucosal changes. Diagnostic measures such as scraping and biopsy of the lesions was carried out, where necessary.Results: Out of 32 patients, 23 (71.8%) were male and 9 (28.1%) were females. Skin infections occurred in 84.3% of the patients and most of them were fungal infections (37.5%), followed by viral infection in (31.2%) patients. Oral mucosal changes, hair and nail comprising of (34.3%), (71.8%), (43.7%) patients respectively. Only malignancy seen in one patient was basal cell carcinoma. Drug induced cutaneous manifestations were acneiform eruptions (18.75%), hirsutism (15.6%), hypertrichosis (9.3%), striae (6.25%), gingival hyperplasia (3.12%) and skin atrophy (3.12%).Conclusions: Skin lesions are a significant problem in renal transplant recipients. A careful monitoring of these patients is recommended for early diagnosis and treatment.
Radiological significance of isolated ethmoid sinus infections in asymptomatic patients of recurrent acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Sahu Niranjan , Mohapatra Satya Sundar G. , Rath Siba N. , Padhy Rabindra N.
Published: April 2017

Background: Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS) being a low form chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), is relatively under diagnosed many times because of lack of awareness regarding pattern of the disease presentation. Aim of the study is to evaluate the radiological significance of isolated ethmoid sinusitis in patients of RARS during the asymptomatic interval in between acute episodes of rhinosinusitis.Methods: Total 124 patients with history suggestive of RARS who had undergone computed tomography study of brain during April 2015 to October 2016 for indications other than sinonasal diseases, were evaluated for isolated ethmoid sinusitis in the department of Radiology. Patients having any inflammatory or expansile sinonasal masses were excluded.Results: Of total 124 patients of RARS aged from 18 to 70 years (mean age of 38.6 years), the study population included only seventy-two (58%) patients having isolated ethmoid sinus infections, were classified in to mild unilateral group I (46%) cases with grade I or II sinus infections and relatively severe bilateral group II (54%) cases having grade III or IV infections. Infective process involving two to three ethmoid cells each on either side is the most common variety encountered in 39% cases. Prevalence of infective process was fairly equal among all age groups. Statistical correlation between the severity of RARS in patients having group II variety of isolated ethmoid sinus infections was found highly significant.Conclusions: Isolated ethmoid sinus infections are commonly encountered CT findings in adult RARS patients while they are asymptomatic from acute episodes of rhinosinusitis.
Axillary lymph node status, age at presentation and menopausal status in female breast cancer patients attending a government tertiary care teaching hospital in Mysore, Karnataka, India
Authors: S. Chandrashekar , V. L. Ajith , A. Ashwin Raghavendra
Published: April 2017

Background: Breast cancer is now the leading cause of cancer among Indian women. This study was aimed at creating a database of female breast cancer patients with emphasis on age, menopausal and axillary lymph node metastasis.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 103 female breast carcinoma patients who sought treatment in the Department of General Surgery from 2016 January to December. Various data including age at presentation, menopausal status, lymph node status, grade of the tumor, family history of breast cancer, location, size of the tumor and histopathological types were studied.Results: Mean age of the study population was 52.7years. Of the 103 patients, 70.9% were post-menopausal. Among different clinical and pathological variables, Grade of the tumor and menopausal status were showing statistically significant association with positive axillary lymph nodal status.Conclusions: The variables which are predictive of axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer are tumour grade and menopausal status. The current data may be used to tailor the management protocol of patients with breast carcinoma in this region of the country.
Evaluation of suspicious Hirschsprung disease in children using radiologic investigation method: a prospective observational study
Authors: Sahu Ramesh Kumar , Kothari Sanjay , Rahaman Sk. Rafikul , Chattopadhyay Abhishek , Dasgupta Sayandev , Sen Shipra
Published: April 2017

Background: Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a developmental disorder characterized by absence of ganglia in the distal colon, resulting in a functional obstruction. It is a common cause of pediatric intestinal obstruction. Objective of present study was to evaluate a checklist of radiologic and clinical signs to determine the probability of HD in suspicious patients.Methods: In a diagnostic accuracy study, 19 children with clinical manifestations of HD attended pediatric OPD in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Haldia from January 2014 to December 2016 were assessed. A checklist was used to evaluate the items proposed by contrast enema (CE), based on six subscales, including transitional zone, rectosigmoid index (RSI), irregular contractions in aganglionic region, cobblestone appearance, filling defect due to fecaloid materials and lack of meconium defecation during the first 48 hours after birth. The patients were classified as high score and low score. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for identifying HD, in comparison with pathologically proved or ruled out HD.Results: Of the 19 patients, 11 (57.89%) cases had HD and 08 (42.11%) cases were without HD. The mean age was 2.793 ± 4.21 months. Abdominal distension, lack of meconium defecation, and constipation were the most common clinical symptoms with frequencies of 15 (78.9%), 11 (57.8%), and 14 (73.68%), respectively. In summary, the mean sensitivity of detecting the radiological signs of transition zone, spastic colon, reversed recto-sigmoid index and the overall impression in histological confirmed HD patients are 59.09%, 49.99%, 59.09% and 56.06% respectively.Conclusions: The mean specificity of detecting the absence of the radiological signs of transition zone, spastic colon, reversed recto-sigmoid index and the overall impression in histological confirmed non-HD patients are 68.75%, 81.25%, 87.5% and 79.17% respectively. This would in turn give an overall mean specificity rate of 79.17% in successfully excluding HD with the above mentioned radiological signs from the contrast enema.
Assessment of different stress responses after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in patients attending tertiary care hospital, Bhuj, Gujarat, India: a prospective study
Authors: Kothari Bhavin , Rao Gyaneshwar
Published: April 2017

Background: Surgical trauma by incision and dissection of tissue stimulates the body to respond proportionately to the extent of injury. This study was conducted with an aim to compare metabolic and inflammatory responses after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy namely serum cortisol and C-reactive protein levels before and after operation at Bhuj, Kutch, India.Methods: Present study was non-randomized, and comparative study carry out in the General Surgery Department at Gujarat Adani prospective institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India for an era of two years. One hundred and two patients were included in this study and were divided into two groups of open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Out of these 102 patients, 41 undergo open cholecystectomy and 61 laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative and anesthetic medications were consistent in all the patients.Results: It was found that metabolic responses like serum cortisol were significantly higher after open procedure 6 hours and 48 hours postoperatively. Similarly, inflammatory response indicator C-reactive protein was raised significantly higher 48 hours after open as compared to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Conclusions: Open cholecystectomy caused further tissue responses as compared to its laparoscopic alternative.
Urinary tract infection in children: clinical aspects and utility of urine dipstick test
Authors: Mod Harsh K. , Jeeyani Hetal N. , Shah Bhairavi M.
Published: April 2017

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common genitourinary disease in children and accounts for significant morbidity. To prevent the potentially dangerous sequel, early detection of UTI in childhood is essential. This depends entirely on strong clinical suspicion and urine culture report. Recently, advances in investigations are taking place to diagnose UTI rapidly. Urine dipstick is one such bedside method to diagnose UTI. This study aims at studying the clinical features of UTI and evaluating sensitivity and specificity of urine dipstick in diagnosing UTI.Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara from January 2013 to June 2014, on 60 children admitted with clinical suspicion of urinary tract infection. Along with study of clinical features, results of urine dipstick tests (Nitrite and Leukocyte esterase), urine microscopy and urine culture were compared. Accuracy of urine dipstick tests was assessed statistically by evaluating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values considering urine culture as a gold standard.Results: Fever was found to be the most common presenting features (53%) in all the patients studied. The sensitivity of urine microscopy, Nitrite test and Leucocyte esterase test was 63.5%, 50% and 61% and specificity was 25%, 31% and 25% respectively. Combination of Nitrite and Leucocyte Esterase test had an improved sensitivity (68%).Conclusions: Urinary tract infection can present with variety of non-specific signs and symptoms especially in younger age. Dipstick test using Leucocyte Esterase and Nitrite together is better than urine microscopic examination alone. Urine culture as a confirmatory test still remains gold standard.
Clinical profile and outcome of Henoch Schonlein purpura in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Abbas Shanavas , S. Geetha , R.V. Deepthi , Kamar Jubin , Uthup Susan
Published: April 2017

Background: Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common systemic vasculitis in children. It is an immunoglobulin A (IgA) mediated systemic small-vessel vasculitis, with IgA deposition in vessel walls leading to symptoms involving the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. The objective of present study was to identify and describe the clinical profile, pattern of joint involvement, histopathological features, treatment modalities and complications of Henoch Schonlein purpura.Methods: 52 children less than 12 years diagnosed to have Henoch Schonlein Purpura according to the European League against Rheumatism criteria were included in the study. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking and thorough examination. The clinical features, investigations, management and complications of the disease were studied. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the results.Results: The common clinical features were palpable purpura (100%) followed by arthritis (66%) and abdominal pain (50%). Renal manifestations were in the form of hematuria in 12% of the patients. Skin biopsy was done in 25 patients of which 19 had findings suggestive of Henoch Schonlein purpura. Steroids were used in 42% of patients. The severity of illness was associated with lower mean age, arthritis, leg edema and stool occult blood.Conclusions: The clinical features of Henoch Schonlein purpura in the population were different from the previously published studies. Renal involvement was less common. The short-term outcome of the patients were satisfactory.
A study on profile of poisoning in pediatric population
Authors: Devaranavadagi Ranganatha A. , Patel Shruthi , Shankar Poornima
Published: April 2017

Background: Children are curious and explore their world with all their senses. As a result, surroundings can be a dangerous place when poisonous substances are inadvertently ingested - every year millions of calls are made to poison control centres when this happens and thousands of children are admitted to emergency departments. Poisoning patterns change according to age group, the nature and dose of the poison, type of exposure. This study is aimed at understanding the incidence, aetiology and manner of poisoning, outcome among children less than 18 years admitted to Paediatric department KIMS.Methods: Prospectively, 38 poisoning cases admitted to Paediatric intensive care, KIMS Bangalore from August 2015 to July 2016 were included in this study. The age and sex of the patient, poisoning agent, manner of poisoning, duration of hospital stay and outcome of all the patients were recorded and analysed.Results: Out of 38, 16 (42%) are males, 22 (58%) are females. 13 (34%) cases are <5years of age, 2(5%) cases are between 5-10 year, 23 (61%) cases are above 10 years. Among all, 13 (34%) cases of drugs consumption, among these 11 cases were above 10 years representing purposeful consumption. 5 (13%) cases of kerosene consumption. Out 4 (11%) cases of Organophosphorous poison, 3 cases are above 10 years representing purposeful consumption. 4 (10%) cases of acid consumption. 4 (11%) cases of aluminium phosphide poisoning. 3 (8%) cases of Good night oil consumption. 2 (5%)cases of eucalyptus oil consumption. 3(8%) cases of camphor poisoning. 2 (5%) cases died due to aluminium phosphide poisoning. Duration of hospital stay varied from 1 day to 6 days. Conclusions: Accidental poisoning is common in children below 5 years of age. Suicidal poison incidence is increasing among teenagers either due to exam stress or peer pressure. Accidental poisoning can be reduced by simple measures like parental education, replacing the poisoning agent with one of lower toxicity, legislation regarding the child resistant packaging of necessary poisons.
Factors involving extramarital affairs among married adults in Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Yasmin , Chowdhury Abu Sayeed , Rahman S. M. Atiqur , Chowdhury Sajeda , Khair Zara , Huq K. A. T. M. Ehsanul , Rahman Md Moshiur
Published: April 2017

Extramarital affairs have become a common occurrence in modern society. Many studies have pointed to the lack of variety in a relationship as a contributing factor related to divorce and extramarital affairs. This study wants to explore the reasons behind developing the extramarital affair in married adults. The study is based upon the information gathered through scanning newspapers, journals, books, and browsing the Internet and all related papers which were published from 1980 to 2016. However, there is a limited data on the specific topic. After reviewing literatures, we found some common factors that might be responsible for extramarital affairs. Based on that we have made some recommendations for lowering this devastating situation. From this study, we expect that the stakeholders and policy makers can develop some new thoughts and strategies to let down this overwhelming condition.
Influencers of Inflation in Ghana
Authors: Acquah-Sam Emmanuel
Published: April 2017

The effects of inflation on the economic life of the citizenry of a country and the theoretical causes have led to numerous researches in the area. Annual inflation rates in Ghana since 1990 show a fluctuating trend depicting how unsuccessful various governments and policy-makers have battled with changes in the general price level. The theoretical and empirical literature on inflation seem to suggest that the causes of inflation are multifaceted, and time specific, as well as dependent on the level of development of a country. This paper attempts to explore some of major triggers of inflation Ghana for decision-making and implementation as well as adding to existing researches in the area. It uses multiple linear regression analysis based on structural equation modelling through path analysis. It concludes that interest rate, proxied by Treasury bill rates, is the only major variable that has a positive and significant effect on inflation in Ghana with regard to the time period studied. Factors such as GDP growth, market capitalisation, gross fixed investment, and foreign direct investments proved insignificant in influencing inflation in Ghana. This study lends support to the fact that inflation reacts positively to changes in interest rates, therefore, governments and policy-makers must consider it critical when pursuing propoor growth policies.
Diagnóstico Y Análisis De La Comercialización De Arroz Para Elaborar Una Alternativa En Mejorar La Rentabilidad De Los Productores De La Zona De Babahoyo
Authors: Suárez Maribel Vera , Paredes Joffre León , Mora Rosa Guillén , Betancourt Ricardo Chávez , Barbotó Víctor Molina , Perez Álvaro Pazmiño , López Sergio Cristóbal Suárez
Published: April 2017

The development of the production of arrocera in Ecuador was possible because it consolidated a complementary industrial sector. The rice industry, however, appears as a consequence and condition for the consolidation of this branch of production. The general advancement of the production process takes into account the growth of an industrial sector devoted to the decorticamiento of the gramínea. This is based on the fact that the industrialisation of the grain is a condition for the increase of consumption. In turn, one can understand the growth of the latter (especially in the sierra), if they take into account the new forms of utilisation of the rice that the processing gives place. This is a fundamental requirement for the development of the industry and, therefore, the general production. It should be emphasised that after the harvesting process, the primary production concludes with the storage of the grain in sacks or silos. The industrialisation of rice begins with the drying of the grains. Once these are completely dehydrated, it proceeded to the husked and the removal of the husk thereof. As a result of this process, you can get the brown rice which in some cases is treated with specialized polishing machines to obtain the white rice that is consumed regularly. Usually, the process of industrialization ends with the packaging of the rice for human consumption. In actuality, the rice sector faces great challenges. This is the same ones that make it essential to form rice associations for small and medium producers to handle their own industrialization process. It, however, begins with the drying of rice Peel, storage in silos, hulling and elimination of husk, polishing (white rice) and packaging, and taking care of the marketing in the domestic market, i.e. direct selling, especially in supermarkets and Points of Sale being the best option. For Producers, the commercial opening is an opportunity for rice activity.
Determinants of Capital Structure of Agricultural Firms in Kenya
Authors: Kinyua John Brian , Muriu Peter W
Published: April 2017

This paper contributes to the capital structure literature by investigating the determinants of capital structure of agricultural firms in Kenya, using annual data for the period 2010-2015. An empirical model to analyze the determinants was specified and estimated using both fixed and random effects estimation techniques. The estimation results provide evidence that profitability, liquidity, age and size of the firm are significant determinants of capital structure. Specifically, the results reveal a negative relationship between profitability and long term debt and a positive relationship between age of the firm and long term debt. We also established a positive influence of age on short term debt, while a negative link is evident between liquidity, the size of the firm and short term debt. The evidence adduced is important for forming credit markets policies for agricultural firms both at the macro and the micro level.
La Justice Libanaise Au Service Des Entreprises
Authors: Kazzi Habib
Published: April 2017

Inevitable consequence of the fierce competition between the actors of globalization, domestic judicial systems and legal frameworks become a competitive weapon in the same way as a technical business management or financial tactics. In such circumstances, this paper endeavors to emphasize the degree of competitiveness of the Lebanese judicial system through the analysis of the strategic use of certain instruments, seemingly trivial, of our substantive and procedural rules.
Duncan Pedersen y el estudio integral de la Salud Mental Global
Authors: Alarcón-Guzmán Renato D.
Published: April 2017

Salud Mental Global (SMG), en tanto que conceptualización relativamente reciente de aspectos teóricos, clínicos y heurísticos de la enfermedad mental, su etiopatogenia, variantes y modalidades de manejo desde la perspectiva de salud pública a lo largo del mundo, es materia de esta breve revisión. Su elaboración se basa fundamentalmente en las contribuciones de Duncan Pedersen, renombrado psiquiatra, antropólogo e investigador argentino-canadiense, docente de la Universidad de McGill y autor de numerosos estudios en el Perú y en varios otros países, recientemente fallecido. Su afronte enfatizó enfoques objetivos en el uso de recursos propios o locales combinados, con sello genuinamente humanístico, con avances científicos, tecnológicos y financieros y programas de justicia social. Trauma y sus numerosas secuelas globales a nivel físico, emocional, individual y colectivo, constituyó un factorprimum inter pares de este enfoque,conduciendo luego a hallazgos de psicopatologías adicionales, comprobaciones epidemiológicas y discrepancias a veces insalvables con las concepciones de la medicina de Occidente. Modalidades culturales de manejo, estudio de temas tales como tratamiento inter- y multidisciplinario, renovación de conceptoséticos, resiliencia y otros dentro y más allá de factores neurobiologicos inducirán soluciones sistemáticas y sostenibles a los problemas actuales y futuros de la SMG.
Monoparesia motora pura braquial como manifestación de infarto cerebral cardioembólico: Reporte de un caso
Authors: Yachi-Fierro Yanet , Abanto-Argomedo Carlos , Ecos-Quispe Rosa L. , Novoa-Mosquera María E. , Calle la Rosa Pilar , Núñez-Alcántara Nátali V. , Valencia-Chávez Ana M.
Published: April 2017

La monoparesia motora pura (MMP) es un déficit motor aislado en una extremidad, superior o inferior, producido por un evento vinculado a enfermedad cerebrovascular. Es un trastorno raro y podría confundirse con otras causas de déficit motor por lo que la diferenciación con otras etiologías se debe realizar a través de una adecuada evaluaciónclínica y de estudios de neuroimágenes. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 56 años de edad con antecedente de hipertensión arterial, que debuta súbitamente con una monoparesia motora pura braquial izquierda. En la IRM cerebral se evidenció hiperintensidad en los protocolos de FLAIR y difusión e hipointensidad en el coeficiente dedifusión aparente (ADC) en el territorio de arteria cerebral media derecha, segmento M4, correspondiente al área prerolándica en la distribución somatotópica del miembro superior. Se discuten diferentes aspectos etiológicos y de tratamiento de este cuadro. En pacientes que presenten déficit motor agudo de una extremidad, con historia de factores de riesgo vascular, debe considerarse activamente la posibilidad diagnóstica de MMP.
Capital Structure and Investment Growth Opportunity of Listed Pharmaceutical Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Hassan Shehu Usman , Aitimon Joseph
Published: April 2017

This study assesses the impact of capital structure on investment opportunity growth, using listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria. The main objective of the study is to ascertain the level to which capital structures influences the investment opportunity growth of listed pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria. The methodology employed is the use of secondary data and the ex-post facto research design. The population of the study is all 7 pharmaceutical firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at 31st December, 2013. The study used regression as a tool of analysis. Findings show that Short term debt, total debt and performance were found to have significant, negative and strong effect on investment growth opportunity of Listed Pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria, while long term debt have no effect on investment growth opportunity of Listed Pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria, within the sturdy period. The study recommends that pharmaceutical firms should maintain a minimal level of short term debt because tying down too much of it current assets will reduce investment opportunity, also the management of listed Pharmaceutical firm should increase the level at which the organization uses long term debt to finance its business activities, as this may go a long way in increasing the investment opportunity potentials of the organizations, we also recommend that mmanagement should reduce the combination of its short term debt and long term debt and channel such to a highly profitable investment so that so that it will encourage them to invest more in other business opportunity that will bring more fortune to the business and shareholders at largemore room.
Examination of Multi-Spectral Radiance of the Landsat 8 Satellite Data for Estimating Biomass Carbon Stock at Wetland Ecosystem
Authors: Risdiyanto Idung , Fakhrul Muhamad
Published: April 2017

The assessment of biomass carbon stocks was conducted at plot scale as a sample to estimate for all vegetation areas by using destructive sampling and or allometric equation method. Remote sensing is one of the techniques can be used to estimate and mapping biomass carbon stock for the entire areas. The objectives of the study are the identification and determine the range of electromagnetic wave of Landsat 8 satellite data that most suitable for assessing and mapping biomass carbon stock distribution. This research analyses exponential regression equation between spectral radiance values (Lλi) for with biomass measurement results on the field to find the best correlation based on the coefficient of determination value (R2). It also analyses the relationship between field biomass and NDVI value (Normal Differences Vegetation Index) from satellite data. The study area consists of 54.9% bush (Bs), 24.5% scrub (Sc), 16.8% secondary forest (Sf), while the rest (3.8%) is a water body. The with average biomass carbon stock value 4.11 tons.ha-1, 64.43 tons.ha-1, and 85.36 tons.ha-1, for strata Sc, Bs, and Sf respectively. Spectral radiance of SWIR (Shortwave Infra-Red) band 6 is determined as a spectral characteristic that can be used to estimating carbon stock with following the equation Y= 12657(EXP(-0.642(Lλband6)) with r2 = 0.75. Correlation NDVI and field biomass showed the low r2 value (0.08), so in this study, NDVI cannot be used to estimate the biomass carbon stock.