bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de amendoim durante o processo de produção
Authors: Barbosa Rafael Marani , Vieira Bruno Guilherme Torres Licursi , Martins Cibele Chalita , Vieira Roberval Daiton
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das etapas do processo de produção sobre a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de amendoim. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 12 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de arranquio das plantas, recolha, transporte, secagem, armazenamento (dois, quatro e seis meses), além das seguintes etapas de beneficiamento: trilha mecânica, classificação por tamanho, separação por densidade e coloração, e tratamento químico. Avaliaram-se: o teor de água, a qualidade sanitária, a germinação e o vigor de sementes, após cada tratamento. Aspergillus spp. e Penicillium sp. foram encontrados nas sementes. No primeiro ano, após a trilha mecânica, as sementes apresentaram baixo desempenho. No processo de produção, o armazenamento promoveu a contaminação de 100% das sementes por Aspergillus spp. O tratamento químico foi eficiente na recuperação da qualidade sanitária da semente. As etapas de trilha mecânica e armazenamento reduzem a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de amendoim.
Zoneamento bioclimático para a raça ovina Dorper no Estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Mendes Aline Medeiros de Paula , Azevedo Marcílio de , Lopes Pabrício Marcos Oliveira , Moura Geber Barbosa de Albuquerque
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o zoneamento bioclimático para ovinos da raça Dorper, no Estado de Pernambuco. Foram utilizados dados meteorológicos médios diários de 246 postos meteorológicos no estado. As variáveis temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar foram utilizadas para o cálculo do índice de temperatura e umidade. Com os valores destas variáveis, traçaram-se as isolinhas por meio do programa Surfer. A região do Agreste pernambucano apresenta melhores condições climáticas para a raça Dorper, durante todo o ano, do que a região que compreende o litoral, a Zona da Mata e o Semiárido. Nos meses mais quentes e nas regiões mais críticas, como o Sertão, é necessária a implementação de manejo, como o provimento de sombra, para amenizar o estresse pelo calor e não comprometer o desempenho produtivo da raça.
O discurso do excesso sexual como marca da brasilidade: revisitando o pensamento social brasileiro das décadas de 1920 e 1930
Authors: Oliveira Cristiane
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o discurso do excesso sexual produzido pelo pensamento social brasileiro das décadas de 1920 e 1930 na sua interlocução com o discurso médico da época. De inspiração foucaultiana, o texto inscreve-se no campo da história dos saberes e está subsidiado por documentos sociológicos e médicos do período de referência. No quadro da recodificação vintecentista sobre o imaginário da brasilidade, o tema do excesso sexual foi revisitado pelo pensamento sociológico local, forjando-o ora como um perturbador do projeto civilizatório nacional, ora como um traço que deveria ser positivado por ter sido a condição de possibilidade da hibridização cultural de suas matrizes identitárias.
Sobre escravos e genes: “origens” e “processos” nos estudos da genética sobre a população brasileira
Authors: Calvo-González Elena
Published: January 2015

Neste artigo examino como geneticistas contemporâneos que pesquisam a história e a configuração da população brasileira interagem com outras disciplinas. Para tanto, tomei como estudo de caso artigos publicados por geneticistas que investigam a presença de variantes da hemoglobina S no Brasil, os quais pretendem claramente contribuir para a análise de questões como escravidão ou identidade étnica no país. Contrastando esses estudos com trabalhos contemporâneos da história e das ciências sociais, problematizo a centralidade explanatória da “origem” nos estudos genéticos analisados, bem como a falta de interação com questões epistemológicas de outras áreas do saber.
O corpo da nação: posicionamentos governamentais sobre a educação física no Brasil monárquico
Authors: Melo Victor Andrade de , Peres Fabio de Faria
Published: January 2015

Associadas a projetos de construção da ideia de nação, no Brasil monárquico foram encaminhadas, pelo governo imperial, algumas iniciativas no sentido de materializar propostas de educação física. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar os sentidos e significados atribuídos ao tema na legislação e nos relatórios anuais do Ministério dos Negócios do Império (1831-1889), com especial interesse pelo que se refere ao Rio de Janeiro. A abordagem do assunto nas fontes pesquisadas evidencia que as visões sobre a educação física se deram a partir de uma matriz que articulava concepções de moral, saúde e civilização, tendo que lidar com as condições concretas de um país recém-independente, periférico e com uma burocracia ainda em formação.
Boys in white: um clássico da pesquisa qualitativa completa cinquenta anos
Authors: Nunes Everardo Duarte , Barros Nelson Filice de
Published: January 2015

O artigo analisa o livro Boys in white: student culture in medical school, de Howard S. Becker, Blanche Geer, Everett C. Hughes e Anselm Strauss, considerado um dos modelos de pesquisa qualitativa em sociologia. A análise aborda as trajetórias dos autores, do livro, da pesquisa qualitativa e dos estudantes de medicina, enfatizando sua importância nas origens da sociologia médica e da sociologia da educação médica. Na trajetória dos autores são apresentados aspectos biobibliográficos; na da pesquisa qualitativa, o modo como essa metodologia de investigação atravessa a construção do trabalho de campo; e na dos estudantes, sua forma de atravessar os primeiros anos da escola médica e construir sua própria “cultura do estudante”.
Outro inferno de Dante numa mina de ouro na época de Vargas: Nova Lima, Minas Gerais
Authors: Maia Andréa Casa Nova
Published: January 2015

O artigo analisa as estratégias de controle existentes no trabalho na mina de Morro Velho, Minas Gerais, e as mudanças resultantes da implementação da legislação trabalhista durante o governo Vargas. Discute as doenças causadas pelo trabalho na mina, silicose e arsenicismo, através de depoimentos de ex-mineiros e do livro de um autor anônimo que aborda as doenças e as relações de poder entre patrões e empregados, apontando os limites da legislação e das lutas operárias. O livro traz um depoimento contundente de como a empresa proprietária, inglesa, burlou, durante muito tempo, leis como a da taxa de insalubridade. Direito que outras mineradoras, não só de propriedade inglesa, costumavam e até hoje costumam desrespeitar pelo mundo.
Para além do combate à ancilostomíase: o diário do médico norte-americano Alan Gregg
Authors: Korndörfer Ana Paula
Published: January 2015

Entre 1916 e 1923, o Distrito Federal e 11 estados brasileiros estabeleceram acordos de cooperação com a divisão internacional de saúde – International Health Board – da Fundação Rockefeller para combater uma endemia rural, a ancilostomíase. Este breve texto apresenta o diário de Alan Gregg, um dos médicos norte-americanos que trabalharam no Brasil entre 1919-1922. Fonte interessante para discutir questões relativas à história da saúde pública no Brasil, o diário do médico, além das informações sobre as atividades de combate à ancilostomíase desenvolvidas pela Fundação Rockefeller no país, apresenta suas impressões relativas à natureza, à cultura, à política e à sociedade brasileiras. Na seleção de trechos do diário ora apresentado, priorizamos, porém, aspectos relativos às atividades profissionais realizadas por Gregg.
Contexto social del debate sobre el control natal en Colombia en las décadas de 1960 y 1970: política, medicina y sociedad
Authors: Chávez Ana María Medina
Published: January 2015

El artículo busca presentar el contexto y aproximación preliminares necesarios para comprender y abordar el debate sobre el control natal en Colombia en las décadas de 1960 y 1970. Recoge las principales posturas en conflicto en dicho período, y los discursos y lógicas que permearon la llegada de los programas de planificación norteamericanos a América Latina como forma de control político de los movimientos revolucionarios.
Medicinas tradicionales andinas y su despenalización: entrevista con Walter Álvarez Quispe
Authors: Quispe Walter Álvarez , Loza Carmen Beatriz
Published: January 2015

Walter Álvarez Quispe, terapeuta kallawaya y biomédico especializado en cirugía general y ginecología, presenta la lucha de los terapeutas tradicionales y alternativos por la depenalización de estos sistemas médicos andinos realizada entre 1960 y 1990. Bolivia se torna el primer país en América Latina y el Caribe en despenalizar la medicina tradicional antes de los planteamientos de la Conferencia Internacional sobre Atención Primaria de Salud (Alma-Ata, 1978). Los datos aportados por el entrevistado aseguran que los logros alcanzados, principalmente por los kallawayas, responden a un proyecto propio y autónomo. Estas conquistas no se deben a las políticas oficiales de interculturalidad en salud, aunque busquen atribuirse para sí los logros alcanzados.
Defectos del tubo neural y del ácido fólico: recorrido histórico de una intervención preventiva altamente efectiva
Authors: Vásquez Adriana Ordoñez , Suarez-Obando Fernando
Published: January 2015

Este artículo describe de forma comprehensiva parte del devenir histórico que han tenido, el conocimiento médico de los defectos del tubo neural (DTN) y el descubrimiento de la vitamina B9 o ácido fólico, así como algunos de los acontecimientos investigativos relevantes que a través de varios siglos definieron las relaciones entre la comprensión de la embriología del sistema nervioso central, el descubrimiento de la vitamina, la correlación del ácido fólico con la proliferación celular y finalmente el desarrollo de medidas preventivas de este tipo de defectos. Se pretende, a través de esta narrativa, exponer los conceptos históricamente relevantes que sustentan las acciones de índole clínico y de impacto poblacional que previenen los DTN a través del consumo preconcepcional de ácido fólico.
Más que curar, prevenir: surgimiento y primera etapa de los Centros de Higiene Infantil en la Ciudad de México, 1922-1932
Authors: Alanís Mercedes
Published: January 2015

Este trabajo aborda las principales características del surgimiento y primeros diez años de funcionamiento de los Centros de Higiene Infantil, establecimientos dependientes del Departamento de Salubridad Pública desde 1922 en la Ciudad de México y que tuvieron como objetivo atender a las madres, desde el periodo de gestación, y a los niños, desde el nacimiento hasta los dos años de edad. Revisa las acciones que dieron origen a este proyecto y su consolidación. Analiza la estructura de estos Centros, las características de las madres y los niños que atendieron, así como las funciones que realizaron médicos y enfermeras enfatizando la noción de prevención de las enfermedades infantiles, para finalmente mostrar un primer balance acerca de los alcances y limitaciones que tuvieron.
Modelling of creep of concrete mixed with expansive additives
Authors: Choi Hyeonggil , Lim Myungkwan , Choi Heesup , Noguchi Takafumi , Kitagaki Ryoma
Published: January 2015

The creep phenomenon of hardened cement mixed with expansive additives (EAs) was modelled by considering the creep performance of hydration products of cements and EAs under the assumption that the characteristics of hydration products of cements and EAs are fixed. A new composite model that is appropriate for particle conditions is proposed by considering the balance of the hydration products of cement and EA and the stress redistribution phenomenon of hydration products newly generated by the progress of hydration. Verification of the creep model indicated that the accumulated creep strains calculated by the model and those obtained through experiment were similar, thereby confirming that the model shows excellent estimation and evaluation performance. Furthermore, the stress could be sufficiently estimated by analysing the creep phenomenon corresponding to the progress of hydration under the restrained condition.
Diagnosis and Prediction of CKD Progression by Assessment of Urinary Peptides
Authors: Schanstra Joost P. , Zürbig Petra , Alkhalaf Alaa , Argiles Angel , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Beige Joachim , Bilo Henk J.G. , Chatzikyrkou Christos , Dakna Mohammed , Dawson Jesse , Delles Christian , Haller Hermann , Haubitz Marion , Husi Holger , Jankowski Joachim , Jerums George , Kleefstra Nanne , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Maahs David M. , Menne Jan , Mullen William , Ortiz Alberto , Persson Frederik , Rossing Peter , Ruggenenti Piero , Rychlik Ivan , Serra Andreas L. , Siwy Justyna , Snell-Bergeon Janet , Spasovski Goce , Staessen Jan A. , Vlahou Antonia , Mischak Harald , Vanholder Raymond
Published: January 2015

Progressive CKD is generally detected at a late stage by a sustained decline in eGFR and/or the presence of significant albuminuria. With the aim of early and improved risk stratification of patients with CKD, we studied urinary peptides in a large cross-sectional multicenter cohort of 1990 individuals, including 522 with follow-up data, using proteome analysis. We validated that a previously established multipeptide urinary biomarker classifier performed significantly better in detecting and predicting progression of CKD than the current clinical standard, urinary albumin. The classifier was also more sensitive for identifying patients with rapidly progressing CKD. Compared with the combination of baseline eGFR and albuminuria (area under the curve [AUC]=0.758), the addition of the multipeptide biomarker classifier significantly improved CKD risk prediction (AUC=0.831) as assessed by the net reclassification index (0.303±−0.065; P<0.001) and integrated discrimination improvement (0.058±0.014; P<0.001). Correlation of individual urinary peptides with CKD stage and progression showed that the peptides that associated with CKD, irrespective of CKD stage or CKD progression, were either fragments of the major circulating proteins, suggesting failure of the glomerular filtration barrier sieving properties, or different collagen fragments, suggesting accumulation of intrarenal extracellular matrix. Furthermore, protein fragments associated with progression of CKD originated mostly from proteins related to inflammation and tissue repair. Results of this study suggest that urinary proteome analysis might significantly improve the current state of the art of CKD detection and outcome prediction and that identification of the urinary peptides allows insight into various ongoing pathophysiologic processes in CKD.
Launching STEM Interst: Using Rockets to Propel to Excel in STEM Results of the Lift-Off for Teachers and Youths (LOFTY) Program
Authors: Kachur Reynee , Fleming Michelle , Seidling Sara
Published: January 2015

The Lift-Off For Teachers and Youths (LOFTY) program brought together the UW Oshkosh Science Outreach Program within the College of Letters and Science and College of Education and Human Services faculty to provide a space-related science learning opportunity for in- service teachers that in turn excites and engages the students they teach in aerospace-related science, design and technology. This project dovetailed nicely with many of the other hands-on science programs already conducted by Science Outreach, while at the same time filling a void of increasing the content knowledge of elementary teachers, and increasing the interest and hands-on space-related science experiences for elementary students in Wisconsin. The LOFTY project also emphasized current NASA education goals including helping educators and students develop the critical skills and knowledge base in space-related science. By bringing in elements of an in-service hands-on teacher training, cross disciplinary discussions to incorporate a rocket unit into each subject, planetarium shows at the Buckstaff Planetarium, and using the framework of the Science Olympiad rules and values, the LOFTY project increased interest in and excitement for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).Â
A Celebration of Life XVII: Geology on Earth and Mars! Summer Science for Grades 3-5 and 6-8
Authors: Bielec Barbara
Published: January 2015

The primary goal of â€œA Celebration of Lifeâ€ is to support the continued development of African American and other studentsâ€™ interest in science, and to assist in providing them with the tools for success in school. A long-term goal is to increase the number of minority students who successfully complete high school science courses and who choose to pursue STEM careers. In partnership with the African American Ethnic Academy, Inc. (AAEA), a Madison non-profit organization, the BioPharmaceutical Technology Center Institute (BTC Institute) offered "A Celebration of Life XVII: Geology on Earth and Mars!" during summer 2012. Two week sessions, one for elementary and one for middle school students, were held weekday mornings at the BioPharmaceutical Technology Center, in Madison, Wisconsin. These programs represent a 17-year collaboration between AAEA and the BTC Institute that prioritizes offering a rich range of hands-on science activities for students.Â
EAA Space Week â€“ Lab for Exploring Teachers
Authors: Skiles Jeffrey
Published: January 2015

Founded in 1953 in Milwaukee, WI, by a small group of enthusiastic aviators interested in building their own aircraft, the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) now brings together hundreds of thousands of people each year at the EAA AirVenture, the worldâ€™s largest aviation event. This international celebration recreates, on a grand scale, the atmosphere of challenge, anticipation, and accomplishment that inspired its founders. Over the decades, the organizationâ€™s mission has expanded to include other aircraft types including antiques, classics, warbirds, aerobatic aircraft, ultralights, helicopters, contemporary manufactured aircraft, and the continuing, expanding frontier of aerospace. AirVenture features educational workshops that promote personal achievement, hundreds of exhibitors who share state-of-the-art technology related to the science of flight, and a daily air show that celebrates the beauty and thrill of flight past, present, and future. Other EAA programs and resources include the EAA AirVenture Museum, the Young Eagles, SportAir Workshops, Timeless Voices, the Air Academy, Women Soar, and Space Week. These EAA programs are designed to serve all ages â€“ from school-age children to adults â€“ with an organizational effort to reach out to those demographic groups that are under-represented in aviation including women and minorities.Â
Searching for Gravitational Waves from Sub-Solar Mass Black Holes
Authors: Wade Madeline , Creighton Jolien
Published: January 2015

We are searching for gravitational-wave signals from sub-solar mass black hole binary systems in initial Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) data. The most likely candidates for such systems are primordial black holes that have formed from the collapse of quantum fluctuations in the early universe. Primordial black holes have not yet been ruled out by microlensing experiments, but the allowable masses have been restricted. The gravitational- wave strain from such an inspiralling binary system is well modeled with the post- Newtonian formalism. Therefore, a modeled search for gravitational-wave signals is employed. The search technique is known as matched filtering and is implemented using a codebase that is well-suited for fast searches with long signals. One of the biggest challenges in performing this search is dealing with the heavy computational burden. The gravitational-wave signals from such low-mass binary systems are long (about 10 minutes) and require a large number of models, or templates, spread across the parameter space. A large effort has been focused on speeding up the search while using a reasonable amount of computational resources.
Black Holes, Lasers and Data Analysis: Contributions to Gravitational Wave Searches with the ExcessPower Pipeline
Authors: Chamberlin Sydney J.
Published: January 2015

Gravitational waves (GWs) are tiny perturbations to the spacetime structure of the universe that propagate freely as wavelike solutions to the Einstein equations. The direct detection of GWs is currently a major goal in experimental physics, and a number of large scale efforts to detect them are currently underway.
Assessment of Ecosystem Photosynthetic Parameters along Two California Climate Gradients
Authors: DuBois Sean
Published: January 2015

Improving coupled Earth system models of current and future climate requires robust observations that accurately provide parameters and observations for evaluation across spatial scales relevant for the model. Photosynthetic parameters Vcmax and Jmax help to characterize the ability of vegetation to assimilate carbon, a required parameter in most land surface modules of climate models. Remote sensing, flux tower data, and field measurements were collected to develop a methodology to estimate the variability in these parameters across diverse landscapes in Southern California and the Sierras, regions experiencing prolonged drought which is expected to become more common in the future. Vcmax maps were generated with NASA hyperspectral airborne AVIRIS imagery by scaling up leaf level measurements to the canopy and evaluated using flux tower data for nine sites across California. These maps illustrate the expected temporal and spatial changes in the parameter. However, Vcmax estimated from inverse modeling of flux tower data did not fall in the range found in field measurements. The methods developed in this study expand the applicability of imaging spectroscopy in estimating ecosystem metabolism.
Driftless Dark Skies Initiative: Training Astronomy Educators
Authors: Kiesau Jonel , Heasley John
Published: January 2015

The Driftless Dark Skies Initiative is training and supporting a cohort of a dozen astronomy educators who make use of the unique resources of the Kickapoo Valley Reserve to inspire and inform school groups and the public about the night sky and space exploration by offering nature programs and public star parties.
Teaching Teachers from Standards to Lessons
Authors: Heeringa Coggin
Published: January 2015

Funds from Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium were used to provide scholarship stipends to upper elementary and middle school teachers, enabling them to take a continuing education class through the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay Education Outreach Program and/or participate in workshops sponsored by Crossroads at Big Creek. The objective of the class and workshops was to help teachers gain content knowledge and develop lessons aligned with the proposed Next Generation Science Standards.
Promoting Women in Physics and Astronomy Through a Public Lecture Series at UW-La Crosse
Authors: Lesher Shelly R.
Published: January 2015

Undergraduate women in the Physics Department at UW- La Crosse form a small percentage of majors and are spread out across years and among sub-programs. In addition, they may encounter few women scientist during their undergraduate career. As a result, they can feel isolated and uncertain about careers in their chosen fields. A women speaker was brought to UW â€“ La Crosse to serve as a role model for undergraduate women in the physics program and to expose them to career opportunities in a space-related field. The speaker gave an interdisciplinary science seminar, a physics specific lecture, and met with students over lunch in small group discussion. Student feedback was very positive, and the visit increased the exposure to the different careers women, and all students, could have in science.
Testing for wildfire feedbacks in forests of the US Northern Rockies
Authors: Harvey Brian J.
Published: January 2015

Understanding the complex responses of forested landscapes to changing fire regimes is critical for predicting land-cover patterns under a warming climate. Using decades of existing NASA satellite imagery and extensive field-calibration data on burn severity I tested whether successive forest fires in the Northern Rocky Mountains interact through feedbacks, and identified factors that are more likely to lead to two successive high-severity (stand- replacing) fires. Feedbacks among wildfires depended on forest type and interval between the first and second fire. Feedbacks in wildfire severity shifted from negative to positive with increasing elevation and with interval between two fires. Areas characterized by two successive stand-replacing fires were in subalpine forests at higher elevations, shallower slopes, and northeasterly aspects where the interval between fires was longer. Further analyses are underway, and results will identify when and where fire-catalyzed shifts in vegetation are occurring or are likely to occur with continued climate change and altered fire regimes.
Clarifying the Role of Thermodynamics in Self-gravitating Dark Matter Systems
Authors: Egerer Colin
Published: January 2015

Astrophysicists currently favor the idea that the vast majority of mass in the uni- verse exists in a collisionless form that interacts only through gravity. This paradigm has been successful in allowing computer simulations of cosmological volumes to re- produce structures similar to those observed. Our work aims to better understand the physics at work in collisionless systems, in general. Specifically, we investigate how well thermodynamics-based approaches to understanding equilibrium structures agree with results of computer simulations. Using a suite of N -body simulations with differ- ing initial conditions, we examine the density and velocity profiles of self-gravitating collisionless systems. Statistical comparisons between simulated equilibrium struc- tures and two thermodynamics-based models indicate the relative appropriateness of the models. We find that no single model can describe systems resulting from the entire range of initial conditions investigated here. Our major result is that these thermodynamics-based models can successfully reproduce equilibria that arise in gen- tly evolving systems. However, the failure of thermodynamics-based models to de- scribe the equilibria of more violent evolutions suggests that they must retain some memory of their initial conditions.
2014 HUNCH SPIDER
Authors: Woods Jonathon
Published: January 2015

HUNCH is an instructional partnership between NASA and high school, intermediate school, and middle school students. This partnership benefits both NASA and students. NASA receives cost-effective hardware, while students receive real-world hands-on experiences. The results of this cooperation is the inspiration for the next generation of researchers and space explorers. Our team was comprised of seven members: Eli Rand, Nicholas Nolting, Jonathon Woods, Luke Goetsch, Paul D'Amico, Joey Dominski, and Daniel Barr. Each member of our team had designated roles within the group, but we all worked together to advance towards goals and meet deadlines.
2014 WSGC Elijah High-Altitude Balloon Payload Project
Authors: Jadee Kellog , Lambert Madeline , Ochoa Danny , Schilling Evan , Stefik Michael , Wiznitzer Michael
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development and findings of the experiments performed on the high altitude balloon payload. After some bonding time in the beginning of the summer, the team got together and decided on the four following experiments: Atmospheric Electric Field, Breakdown Voltage, IR Imaging, and Solar Efficiency/Payload Spin. Subsequently, research and fabrication began which involved learning new skills such as Arduino programming, 3-D modeling, foam cutting, and more. The launch was successful, and the results retrieved were more or less what were expected. This internship opportunity proved to be an amazing learning experience for the team which will be valued for each of their future career experiences.
Rocket Science for Educators Workshop for Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics
Authors: Treichel Todd H. , Bateman Daniel W.
Published: January 2015

The Wisconsin AIAA chapter has leveraged the talent of its members to provide a variety of outreach opportunities for precollege aged students. Hands-on demonstrations, visual aids, and real-life space flight examples provide a foundation for bringing precollege aged students face-to-face with space-related science, designed hardware, technology, and potential benefits; increased interest in aerospace and space related fields that lead to study at the university level followed by career. The Rocket Science for Educators program consists of a workshop used to assist schools in implementing rocket science into respective math or science curriculums. Grant assistance provided by the Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium (WSGC) makes this workshop possible. In 2014 Spaceport Sheboygan teamed with AIAA for a training event where participating educators attended a weekend workshop and received design software training and associated set of rocket science materials that they may take back to their respective schools.
WSGC Collegiate Rocket Competition Report Wombat 1 Team Night Skies
Authors: Zeit Grace , Sutherland Christine , Jarosh Aaron , Lutz Randy
Published: January 2015

N/A
Team Whoosh Generator 2014: WSGC Collegiate Rocket Competition
Authors: Pajunen Kirsti , Johnson Eric , Ihrcke James , Skibinski Stephan , Baisley Kathryn
Published: January 2015

The objective of the 2014 Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium (WSGC) Collegiate Rocket Competition is to design, build, and fly a single-stage, high-powered rocket to accurately reach an apogee of 3000 feet, along with design restrictions and two added design objectives. The rocket must use a motor as specified by WSGC, have a maximum length of 72 inches, have a body tube diameter between 4 and 6 inches, use a flight data recorder provided by WSGC, and be safely recovered in a flyable condition by an electronically deployed parachute system. Also, a system in addition to the altimeters already on board must be implemented that records data which can be used to find the rocketâ€™s velocity and acceleration during ascent. Finally, the time to rocket recovery must be minimized. Included in this report are design details considered, anticipated performance, photos of constructed components, and flight results.
Ultraviolet photodegradation facilitates microbial litter decomposition in a Mediterranean climate
Authors: Baker Nameer R. , Allison Steven D.
Published: January 2015

Rates of litter decomposition in dryland ecosystems are consistently underestimated by decomposition models driven by temperature, moisture, and litter chemistry. The most common explanation for this pattern is that ultraviolet radiation (UV) increases decomposition through photodegradation of the litter lignin fraction. Alternatively, UV could increase decomposition through effects on microbial activity. To assess the mechanisms underlying UV photodegradation in a semiarid climate, we exposed high‐ and low‐lignin litter to ambient and blocked UV over 15 months in a Mediterranean ecosystem. We hypothesized that UV would increase litter mass loss, that UV would preferentially increase mass loss of the lignin fraction, and that UV would have a negative effect on microbial activity. Consistent with our first hypothesis, we found that UV‐blocking reduced litter mass loss from 16% to 1% in high‐lignin litter and from 29% to 17% in low‐lignin litter. Contrary to our second hypothesis, UV treatment did not have a significant effect on lignin content in either litter type. Instead, UV‐blocking significantly reduced cellulose and hemicellulose mass loss in both litter types. Contrary to our third hypothesis, we observed a positive effect of UV on both fungal abundance and the potential activities of several assayed extracellular enzymes. Additionally, under ambient UV only, we found significant correlations between potential activities of cellulase and oxidase enzymes and both the concentrations and degradation rates of their target compounds. Our results indicate that UV is a significant driver of litter mass loss in Mediterranean ecosystems, but not solely because UV directly degrades carbon compounds such as lignin. Rather, UV facilitates microbial degradation of litter compounds, such as cellulose and hemicellulose. Thus, unexpectedly high rates of litter decomposition previously attributed directly to UV in dryland ecosystems may actually derive from a synergistic interaction between UV and microbes.
Atypical Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture Below an Arthritic Hip
Authors: Yuasa Takahito , Maezawa Katsuhiko , Taniguchi Yu , Aritomi Kentaro , Kaneko Kazuo
Published: January 2015

Case:

We present a case of a sixty-nine-year-old woman with an atypical subtrochanteric femoral fracture below an arthritic hip; the patient had a history of long-term bisphosphonate treatment. We performed a one-stage total hip arthroplasty with a plate and cables because the healing of atypical femoral fractures in patients with a history of bisphosphonate use can be prolonged.

Conclusion:

The combined use of a plate and total hip arthroplasty is a potential intervention for atypical proximal femoral fractures associated with hip arthritis.
Genetic polymorphism of kappa casein and casein micelle size in the Bulgarian Rhodopean cattle breed
Authors: Hristov P. , Neov B. , Sbirkova H. , Teofanova D. , Radoslavov G. , Shivachev B.
Published: January 2015

The present study aimed to compare the size of casein micelle in cow milk
sample in function of kappa casein (CSN3) genetic polymorphism. Sixteen cows
from Bulgarian Rhodopean cattle breed were genotyped by PCRRFLP analysis.
Milk samples from the three found CSN3 genotypes (AB, AA and BB) were
employed for the determination of casein micelles size by Dynamic Light
Scattering (DLS). The results showed differences in the size and
polydispersity of the casein micelles between the milks of cows with
different genotypes. Hydrodynamic radii of micelles at a scattering angle of
90?C varied from 80 to 120 nm and polydispersity varied from 0.15 to 0.37. In
conclusion casein micelle size of CSN3 AA cows (~ 120 nm) exceed with about
60% cows with (~ 80 nm) and BB genotype (~ 70 nm). These results could be
useful for improving technological properties of the milk.
Changes in blood values of glucose, insulin and inorganic phosphorus in healthy and ketotic cows during an intravenos glucose tolerance test
Authors: Djokovic R. , Kurcubic V. , Ilic Z. , Cincovic M. , Davidov I. , Petrovic M.D. , Trifkovic J.
Published: January 2015

The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of blood glucose
utilization by peripheral tissue on the basis of changes in blood
concentrations of glucose, insulin and inorganic phosphorus in healthy (n=8)
and cows with ketosis (n=7) after intravenous infusion of glucose solution.
After intravenous infusion of a total of 500 ml of 50 % of glucose solution,
glucose and insulin blood values in both groups of cows increased
significantly within 10 and 30 minutes of the experiment (P < 0.05). After
intravenous infusion of glucose, it was established that values of inorganic
phosphorus were decreased (P < 0.05) in blood in both groups of cows. Within
testing period there was a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the blood value
of inorganic phosphorus in ketotic cows in comparison with healthy ones. This
is linked with the active entry of glucose into the glucolytic pathway of
peripheral tissues. It can thus be concluded that there is a higher degree of
blood glucose utilization by peripheral tissues in ketotic cows.
The content of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the blood serum of sheep depending on the season and physiological state
Authors: Stojkovic J. , Ilic Z. , Petrovic M.P. , Caro-Petrovic V. , Muslic Ruzic , Kurcubic V. , Djokovic R.
Published: January 2015

The large number of sheep, especially the ones that spend the majority of
time on pastures, is been fed with the meals, which do not contain all the
necessary mineral substances. The level of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium
on natural pastures is too low in relation to the needs of sheep. Therefore,
the irregularity in the feeding of sheep occurs because of the absence of the
other food sources. These irregularities are in the range from the acute
mineral deficit or illness to the mild temporary forms, which could hardly
diagnose, but they affect the level of production. The content of calcium,
phosphorus and magnesium in the blood serum of sheep, as one of the
indicators of the supplementation of sheep with these substances, has given
in this paper. The average level of calcium in the blood serum of the control
group of sheep was 2.61 mmol/l, phosphorus 1.04mmol/l and magnesium 1.31
mmol/l of serum. In the blood serum of the tested group, the average contents
of calcium was 2.33 mmol/l, phosphorus 0.92 mmol/l and magnesium 1.37 mmol/l.
Influence of different growing conditions on production, milk composition and body condition score for Alpina goat breed
Authors: Memisi N. , Stanisic N.
Published: January 2015

This paper presents the results of testing the impact of different farming
systems on milk production, milk composition (milk fat, protein and dry
matter without fat) and body condition score of Alpine breed goats in
different growing systems during one production year. Control of the amount
and chemical composition of milk included a total of 59 French Alpine goats
at the age of 2-3 years (2-3 lactations), which are divided into two groups
with approximate similar body weight. In the first group of goats a stable
diet was applied. Goats had a sufficient amount of alfalfa hay available (ad
libitum) and the addition of about 0.5 kg of concentrate that is administered
twice a day. Goats in the second group in addition to 0.5 kg of alfalfa hay,
received 0.25 kg of concentrate and in the period from April to October
during the day stayed at the outlet and the surrounding pasture. Control of
body weight of goats and body condition were performed once every two months
from March to October, while the rate of body condition (BCS) was given score
of 1-5. Somatic cell count and chemical quality of milk were controlled on a
daily basis in the laboratory for raw milk AD Mlekara - Subotica on the
device CombiFoss 6200 FC. Both groups of goats had a statistically
significant increase in production of milk (about 45 l) and the average daily
milk yield (of about 0.15 l) in the second compared with the third lactation
(p <0.01). It was also determined statistically significant effect of
lactation on content of protein, dry matter without fat (DMwF) and the number
of somatic cells in milk in both groups of goats. Body condition score of the
analyzed groups of goats varied over time, and statistically significant
differences were found in July (p = 0.021) and September (p = 0.013), where
goats from the second group that remained at the pasture in the examined
period had higher scores for BCS compared with the first group.
Clinical, haematobiochemical and ruminal changes during the onset and recovery of induced lactic acidosis in sheep
Authors: Zein-Eldin M , Ghanem M.M. , El-Raof Abd , El-Attar H.M. , El-Khaiat H.M.
Published: January 2015

A total number of five sheep were used in cross over design with an interval
of three weeks for induction of lactic acidosis with sucrose, and treated
with sodium bicarbonate as antacid, yeast as probiotics and gentian root
powder as medicinal herbs. The acidoteic sheep showed significant (P<0.05)
decrease in body temp, significant increase in respiratory rate, pulse rate
and reduction of ruminal movement with depression, weakness, semisolid feces
and stand with their head held lowered. There were significant changes in
heamatobiochemical, ruminal parameters, these changes were more obvious at 24
hours after induction of acidosis. The clinical, heamatobiochemical, ruminal
parameters of induced lactic acidosis were improved rapidly post-treatment
with sodium bicarbonate and yeast, whereas these parameters showed slow
improvement post treatment by gentian root powder. It was concluded that
treatment of induced lactic acidosis in sheep by sodium bicarbonate and yeast
give a good result and improve general health condition of the animal but
it?s preferable for treatment of lactic acidosis using a combination of both
sodium bicarbonate and live yeast as sodium bicarbonate raise the ruminal pH
rapidly and yeast stabilizes it. Treatment of lactic acidosis by oral
administration of freshly grated gentian root showed slow improvement, so
further investigation must be done before using gentian root alone in
treating lactic acidosis.
Effects of dietary garlic addition on productive performance and blood lipid profile of broiler chickens
Authors: Puvaca N. , Kostadinovic Lj. , Ljubojevic D. , Lukac D. , Popovic S. , Dokmanovc B. , Stanacev V.S.
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary garlic powder
addition on productive performance and blood lipid status of broiler chicken.
At the beginning of experiment, three treatments of 150 one day old broiler
chickens of hybrid line Hubbard per treatment, on a total of 450 chickens
were formed. Every treatment was divided in four groups which represents four
replicates of the experiment. Control treatment (T1) was fed with mixtures
without addition of garlic powder, while experimental treatments were fed
with addition of 0.5% (T2) and 1.0% (T3) of dietary garlic powder,
respectively. Experiment lasted 42 days. After the completion of experimental
period the highest achieved body weight of chicken was at treatment T2
(2371.1g) which was followed by treatment T3 (2336.1 g) with statistically
significant differences (p<0.05) compared to control treatment. For the
entire experimental period, feed conversion ratio was lowest in treatment T2
(1.8 kg/kg) and the highest in control treatment T1 (2.1 kg/kg), without
statistically significant (p>0.05) differences. Addition of garlic powder led
to a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in values of EBI in compare
to a control treatment T1. The highest mortality rate (5.1 %) and the lowest
EBI (220.4 %) were recorded in control treatment. Addition of garlic powder
in the amount of 1.0% (T3) significantly (p<0.05) decreased LDL
concentrations in blood serum. The lowest concentration of total cholesterol
was recorded at treatment T2 (p<0.05). The highest concentration of HDL (44.8
and 39.6 mg/dl) was recorded in treatments T3 and T2. It could be concluded
that the addition of garlic has positive influence on chicken production and
blood lipid status, but the further investigation of their mode of action is
still necessary.
Variation of traits of fatteners under the impact of various factors
Authors: Gogic M. , Petrovic M. , Radovic C. , Zivkovic B. , Radojkovic D. , Stanisic N. , Savic R.
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the sire breed, sire
within sire breed, genotype of fatteners, gender of fatteners, gender within
sire breed, season of birth of fatteners and mass of warm carcass side on the
following traits: back fat thickness - middle of the back (DSL), back fat
thickness - lower back (DSK), meat yield of carcass sides (JUSKG) and
percentage/share of meat in carcass sides (JUSPRO). The research was
conducted in the experimental slaughterhouse and laboratory of the Institute
for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, and included females and castrated male
animals. Sires of fatteners were pure breeds: Swedish Landrace (SL, n = 10),
Large White (LW, n = 3) and Pietrain (P, n = 3), while the offspring belonged
to the following genotypes: pure breed - Swedish Landrace (SL, n=252), and
crosses of Large White ? Swedish Landrace (LW ? SL) (n=170), Pietrain ?
Swedish Landrace (P ? SL) (n=13), [Pietrain ? (Large White ? Swedish
Landrace)] P ? (LW ? SL) (n=35), [Swedish Landrace ? (Large White ? Swedish
Landrace)] SL ? (LW ? SL) (n=33) and [Large White ? (Large White ? Swedish
Landrace)] LW ? (LW ? SL) (n=33). The study included total 536 offspring of
which 276 are male castrated and 260 female animals. In the winter 24 piglets
were born, in the spring 95, in the summer 148 and autumn 269 piglets. It was
established that the sire within sire breed Pietrain (S:P) does not affect
the variation of the studied traits of fattening pigs (P>0.05); sire within
sire breed Swedish Landrace (S:SL) does not affect the varying of the trait
JUSPRO (P>0.05); season of birth within the Model 1 does not affect the
traits yield and share of meat (P>0.05); the offspring gender within genotype
(Gender : Genotype) does not affect the variation of fat thickness at the
centre of the back (P>0.05). All other factors (sire breed, sire within the
sire breed - Large White, gender and genotype of fattening pigs, gender
within sire breed, the mass of warm carcass side, and also birth season of
fattening pigs in the Model 2) included in the models showed statistically
significant impact on the variability of traits of fattening pigs (P<0.05;
P<0.01 and P<0.001).
Biochemical characteristics of Streptococcus suis strains isolated from healthy and deceased pigs
Authors: Stanojkovic А. , Petrovic М.M. , Skrbic Z. , Mandic V. , Stanisic N. , Gogic M. , Stanojkovic-Sebic A.
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical properties of
Streptococcus suis strains isolated from healthy and deceased pigs. For this
research we tested 34 S. suis strains isolated from deceased pigs that had
clinical signs of septicemia and meningitis, as well as from clinically
healthy pigs. The strains that have been already confirmed with specific
antisera were tested using commercial battery of biochemical tests (API 20
Strep and ID 32 Strep) to determine the dominant biochemical characteristics
that can be used in diagnosis of bacterial infection if specific S. suis
antisera are not available. The main results showed that all S. suis strains
were postive in esculine, trehalose, glycogen, lactose, sacharose, starch,
leucine aminopeptidase, alanine-phenyl-alanine-proline arylamidase tests,
while negative in Voges-Proskauer, hipurate, ribose, arabinose and sorbitol
tests. S. suis strains were in high percentage positive in arginine
dihydrolase, ?-glucoronidase, ?-galactosidase, ?-galactosidase,
methyl-?-dglucopyranoside, glycyl-tryptophan arylamidase and inulin tests.
Athough S. suis is in highly positive in some tests, it can be concluded that
Voges-Proskauer, hipurate, trehalose, esculine tests, along with
?-glucoronidase (?GUR) and ?- galactosidase (?GAL), were significant in
differentiation of this bacteria from other similar streptococci, along with
some other crucial features (? hemolysis on blood sheep agar, absence of
growth in 6,5% NaCl broth).
Changes in chemical and physicochemical characteristics during the production of traditional Sremska sausage
Authors: Stanisic N. , Parunovic N. , Petrovic M. , Radovic C. , Lilic S. , Stajic S. , Gogic M.
Published: January 2015

The aim of this trial was to investigate changes in chemical and
physico-chemical parameters during the production of traditional Sremska
sausage (dry fermented sausage) from pork of three pig breeds: Mangalitsa
(MA), Moravka (MO) and Swedish Landrace (SL). Analyses of all variants of
sausages were carried out after stuffing (day 0) and on production days 3, 7,
14 and 21. The reduction in moisture during production caused the increase in
protein, fat and ash contents (p<0.001) in all three variants of sausages,
were found to be within the range for this type of sausages. Higher fat
content in MA and MO sausages compared to SL variant was most likely a result
of the different chemical composition of the meat from pigs of autochthonous
breeds. All three sausage variants had a similar final pH value, but the
mildest drop of pH was determined in MA sausages. Pig breed significantly
affected (p<0.05) all three indicators of oxidative changes (thiobarbituric
acid value, peroxide value and free fatty acid content). It was found that
they were higher in SL compared with MA and MO sausages and to significantly
increase during the production process.