bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Android Platform Security Model
Authors: Mayrhofer René , Stoep Jeffrey Vander , Brubaker Chad , Kralevich Nick
Published: April 2021

Android is the most widely deployed end-user focused operating system. With its growing set of use cases encompassing communication, navigation, media consumption, entertainment, finance, health, and access to sensors, actuators, cameras, or microphones, its underlying security model needs to address a host of practical threats in a wide variety of scenarios while being useful to non-security experts. The model needs to strike a difficult balance between security, privacy, and usability for end users, assurances for app developers, and system performance under tight hardware constraints. While many of the underlying design principles have implicitly informed the overall system architecture, access control mechanisms, and mitigation techniques, the Android security model has previously not been formally published. This article aims to both document the abstract model and discuss its implications. Based on a definition of the threat model and Android ecosystem context in which it operates, we analyze how the different security measures in past and current Android implementations work together to mitigate these threats. There are some special cases in applying the security model, and we discuss such deliberate deviations from the abstract model.
Interview with Norman Meyrowitz
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus
Published: April 2021

Norm Meyrowitz is currently an Adjunct Professor of the Practice of Computer Science at Brown University. He received an Sc.B. in Computer Science from Brown in 1981, and is recognized for his work on linking and multimedia technology for the Internet and for the evolution of Web development software. In the 1980s, Norm served as a Co-Director of Brown University's Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship, where he led the development of Intermedia, a hypermedia system that influenced both the creator of the Web and the creator of the Mosaic Web browser. In mid-1980s, he helped start two ACM conferences - OOPSLA (Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, and Languages) and Hypertext '87, which continue to this day. Following his work in academia, Norm worked for several years as the Director of System/User Software for pen/tablet pioneer GO Corporation before transitioning to his role as President of Product Development at Macromedia (later acquired by Adobe). At Macromedia, Norm oversaw a variety of Web development and multimedia products at Macromedia, including Shockwave, Dreamweaver, Flash, the latter of which had more than 4 billion downloads in its heyday in the 1990s and early 2000s.
Upcoming SIGWEB supported conferences
Authors: Roßner Daniel
Published: April 2021

The Special Interest Group on Hypertext and the Web, SIGWEB was created in 1989 to support the community participating in the annual ACM Hypertext Conference. In its fourth decade, SIGWEB continues its efforts to support a wide range of communities and conferences. Recently, the Web Conference's legal and financial sponsorship was transferred to SIGWEB and thus joins the family of seven annual conferences in 2022. SIGWEB supports several specialized conferences, short courses, and workshops of different sizes, as well as the annual Hypertext Conference. SIGWEB sponsored conferences focus on timely topics in applied and computational hypertext and Web disciplines and provide a place for members and the entire applied Hypermedia and Web community to exchange ideas and to meet with and expand their network of colleagues. In this article, we provide a brief overview of SIGWEB sponsored conferences, in addition to events that are in cooperation with SIGWEB.

Due to the current Corona crisis, many event organizers opted for an online conference format or allow remote participation. These conferences are marked accordingly.
Rho/ROCK-MYOCD in regulating airway smooth muscle growth and remodeling
Authors: Yang Qin , Shi Wei
Published: April 2021

Abnormal airway remodeling is a common pathological change seen in chronic respiratory diseases. Altered proliferation and differentiation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) are the major components of airway remodeling, and the resultant structural abnormalities are difficult to restore. Understanding of airway smooth muscle regulation is urgently needed to identify potential intervention targets. MYOCD (or myocardin) and myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) are key cotranscription factors in muscle growth, which have not been extensively investigated in airway smooth muscle cells. In addition, the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is known to play an important role in airway remodeling partly through regulating the proliferation and differentiation of ASMCs, which may be connected with MYOCD/MRTF cotranscription factors [Kumawat et al. ( Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 311: L529–L537, 2016); Lagna et al. ( J Biol Chem 282: 37244–37255, 2007)]. This review focuses on this newly recognized and potentially important RhoA/ROCK-MYOCD/MRTFs pathway in controlling airway smooth muscle growth and remodeling.
Mechanism, Clinical Significance, and Treatment Strategy of Warburg Effect in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Hui , Wu Qing , Peng Liu , Cao Ting , Deng Man-Ling , Liu Yi-Wen , Huang Jia , Hu Yang , Fu Nian , Zhou Ke-Bing , Yang Mei-Ling , Yang Xue-Feng
Published: April 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The incidence of HCC accounts for more than 90% of primary HCC. Like most solid malignancies, the occurrence and development of HCC are closely related to the Warburg effect. The Warburg effect of HCC is mainly manifested as increased glucose uptake by HCC cells, increased glycolysis, restricted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, increased pentose phosphate pathway in HCC cells, and increased glutamine decomposition. As the contribution of glycolysis to the total ATP of tumor cells generally does not exceed 50% to 60%, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) still makes a considerable contribution to the ATP of tumor cells. In some cases, there will be an anti-Warburg effect. HCC Warburg effect is closely related to HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune escape, migration and invasion, chemotherapy resistance, and treatment failure. The mechanism of the Warburg effect in HCC is complex, involving the expression of stimulating the key glycolysis enzymes by hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1), the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, the continuous activation of related signaling pathways, the participation of noncoding RNA, and the rate of metabolism gene mutation of enzyme. This article synthetically discusses the characteristics of glucose metabolism in HCC cells, the mechanism of Warburg effect, clinical significance, and corresponding treatment strategies and provides new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
Relationship of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress Markers in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Hashemi Majid , Amin Mohammad Mehdi , Chavoshani Afsane , Rafiei Nasim , Ebrahimpour Karim , Kelishadi Roya
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Studies have proved that exposure of adults to phthalates might be related to cardiometabolic risk factors and changes in markers of oxidative stress. Such studies conducted on school-age children and adolescents are limited and fail to assess the simultaneous effect of phthalates on these risk factors and oxidative stress markers. Therefore, it was attempted to identify the relationship of urinary phthalate metabolites with cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress markers in children and adolescents. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 108 children and adolescents, living in Isfahan industrial city of Iran, were examined. Urine samples taken from the participants were analyzed for mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-exohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-methyl phthalate (MMP). Results. Results showed that, among phthalate metabolites, MBP had the highest concentration, followed by MBzP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MEHP, and MMP. Concentrations of these metabolites had a significant relationship with some of the cardiometabolic risk factors including systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and triglycerides (TG) (

p

 < 0.05). Furthermore, the crude and adjusted linear regression models indicated the significant association of phthalate metabolites with superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (

p

 < 0.05). Conclusion. Although urinary phthalate concentrations could not exactly reflect the long-term exposure level in the studied age groups, the consumption of phthalate-free products during childhood and adolescent development shall be assumed helpful in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. To confirm these findings and develop effective intervention strategies, it would be necessary to perform longitudinal studies on diverse population.
Adipocyte-Specific Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (AFABP) and Chemerin in Association with Gestational Diabetes: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Mosavat Maryam , Mirsanjari Mitra , Lwaleed Bashir A. , Kamarudin Maherah , Omar Siti Zawiah
Published: April 2021

Background. Adipocytokines participate in regulating the inflammatory response in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. However, among these peptides, the role of adipocyte-specific fatty-acid-binding protein (AFABP), chemerin, and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in gestational diabetes (GDM) has not been fully investigated. Method. The maternal fasting level of adipocytokines of 53 subjects with GDM and 43 normal pregnant (NGDM) was measured using multiplex immunoassay at 24–28 weeks, before delivery, immediate postpartum, and 2–6 months postpuerperium. Results. Higher levels of AFABP were associated with a 3.7-fold higher risk of GDM. Low chemerin levels were associated with a 3.6-fold higher risk of GDM. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was inversely associated with the risk of GDM. SPARC had no association with GDM. AFABP was directly correlated to interleukin-6 (

r
=
0.50

), insulin resistance index (

r
=
0.26

), and body mass index (

r
=
0.28

) and inversely correlated to C-reactive protein (

r
=
−
0.27

). Chemerin levels were directly and strongly correlated with IL-10 (

r
=
0.41

) and interleukin-4 (

r
=
0.50

) and inversely correlated to insulin resistance index (

r
=
−
0.23

) in GDM but not NGDM. In the longitudinal assessment, there were no significant differences in AFABP and chemerin concentrations of both studied groups. Conclusion. AFABP and chemerin were associated with a higher risk of GDM. These adipocytokines were related to insulin resistance, body mass index, and inflammation in pregnant women diagnosed with GDM.
Association of Serum Melatonin Level with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Jichen , Lu Jiancan , Zhu Hongling , Zhou Xinglu , Wei Xijuan , Gu Mingjun
Published: April 2021

Objectives. Melatonin is an essential neuroendocrine hormone that participates in the regulation of sleep rhythm and cognitive function. This study aimed to determine serum melatonin levels with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods. A total of 247 T2DM patients were recruited in this retrospective study and divided into 75 subjects with MCI and 172 with normal cognition. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Their blood sample was examined for the level of melatonin and other biochemical parameters. Results. Melatonin concentration was decreased in MCI patients to non-MCI patients (

P

 < 0.001). Melatonin level was negatively correlated with age (r = −0.202;

P

 = 0.001), diabetes duration (r = −0.282;

P

 < 0.001), serum HbA1c (r = −0.195;

P

 = 0.002), hs-CRP (r = −0.324;

P

 < 0.001), and TSH (r = −0.184;

P

 = 0.004) levels and positively correlated with MoCA score, serum HDL-C (r = 0.145;

P

 < 0.001), FT3 (r = 0.241;

P

 < 0.001), and FT4 (r = 0.169;

P

 = 0.008) levels. The multivariable analysis indicated that fewer years of formal education, longer diabetes duration, higher serum HbA1c, higher serum hs-CRP, and lower serum melatonin are the predisposing factors for MCI. Conclusion. Lower melatonin level was associated with cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM. Melatonin might serve as a potential protective molecule against cognitive dysfunction in T2DM.
Synchronous Generator Excitation System for a Ship Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control
Authors: Wang Rongjie , Liu Xiangyu , Huang Yuyuan
Published: April 2021

To solve synchronous generator oscillations in marine power systems which cannot be effectively suppressed, according to the nonlinearity and time variability of the ship power system, a method of synchronous generator excitation control for a ship based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed. Under different working conditions, three methods are automatic voltage regulator (AVR), automatic voltage regulator with power system stabilizer (PSS), and ADRC methods, which are applied to the two-generator parallel-running excitation system of a ship in simulations. The simulation results show that the excitation control system based on ADRC is faster and has better anti-interference ability and has a better restraining effect on synchronous generator oscillation.
Breast Cancer Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Female University Students, Gaza
Authors: Abo Al-Shiekh Samira S. , Ibrahim Mohamed Awadelkarim , Alajerami Yasser S.
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer is the highest public detected cancer among female population in the majority of countries worldwide. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a useful screening tool to empower women and raise awareness about their breast tissues and help detect any breast abnormalities when they occur. This study aimed to assess the level of female university students’ knowledge and practice of BSE. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge about breast cancer and related items, and an observation checklist was used to test practicing BSE using a breast simulator. Eighty-six students participated in the study, 58.1% studying nursing and 41.9% studying clinical nutrition in the third (40.7%) or the fourth level (59.3%). Of them, 24.4% had previous family history of breast cancer. The majority of the students (80.2%) had previous information about breast cancer acquired from different sources, university studies (57%), the Internet (45%), and social media (41%). Findings showed good scores (≥70%) regarding signs and symptoms and risk factors of breast cancer; however, low knowledge scores (<70%) were detected regarding general knowledge about breast cancer disease, methods of early detection and management, and applying steps of practicing BSE. Roughly all the students (96.5%) have heard about BSE, and 69.8% knew the time to do BSE; however, only 31.4% practice it regularly. Three barriers to practice were dominant among students who do not have a breast problem (39.7%), do not know how to do it (37.9%), and being busy 31%. On the other hand, breast cancer early detection purpose and the presence of family history of breast cancer were considered facilitators to regular practice BSE. A statistically significant relationship existed between knowledge about the steps of applying the BSE and regular practicing. A training program should be implemented to increase the level of awareness about BC and practicing BSE.
Optical Prior‐Based Underwater Object Detection with Active Imaging
Authors: Shen Jie , Xu Zhenxin , Chen Zhe , Wang Huibin , Shi Xiaotao
Published: April 2021

Underwater object detection plays an important role in research and practice, as it provides condensed and informative content that represents underwater objects. However, detecting objects from underwater images is challenging because underwater environments significantly degenerate image quality and distort the contrast between the object and background. To address this problem, this paper proposes an optical prior‐based underwater object detection approach that takes advantage of optical principles to identify optical collimation over underwater images, providing valuable guidance for extracting object features. Unlike data‐driven knowledge, the prior in our method is independent of training samples. The fundamental novelty of our approach lies in the integration of an image prior and the object detection task. This novelty is fundamental to the satisfying performance of our approach in underwater environments, which is demonstrated through comparisons with state‐of‐the‐art object detection methods.
Histological Ex Vivo Evaluation of the Suitability of a 976 nm Diode Laser in Oral Soft Tissue Biopsies
Authors: Palaia Gaspare , Renzi Federico , Pergolini Daniele , Del Vecchio Alessandro , Visca Paolo , Tenore Gianluca , Romeo Umberto
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Laser-induced thermal effects can preclude a safe histological evaluation of biopsy resection margins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of a 976 nm diode laser in oral soft tissue biopsies in an ex vivo study. Materials and Methods. A 976 nm diode laser (Solase®, Lazon Medical Laser, China) has been used in the contact mode, using a 400 μm fiber tip, at different parameters from 4 to 6 W in the continuous wave (CW), with a fluence between 3184 and 4777 J/cm2, and pulsed wave (PW) mode, with a fluence between 318,4 and 477,7 J/cm2, to obtain 30 samples from fresh pig cadaver tongues. All specimens were subdivided into 6 groups (from A to F), and each group consisted of 5 samples. Two sections were obtained from each sample. A histological analysis was performed using an optical microscope at magnifications of 5x and 10x. Statistical analysis was carried out using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s tests. Results. The results showed that histological readability was optimal in all the samples. The thermal damage was negligible in all groups. The average thermal damage was 208.40 ± 133.81 μm in the epithelial tissue and 330.14 ± 147.45 μm in the connective tissue. The statistical analysis showed no differences between the groups (

p

 > 0.05). Conclusion. A 976 nm diode laser demonstrated good surgical effectiveness that provoked little peripheral damage in the cut edges and allowed a safe histological diagnosis. Clinical Relevance. In oral pathology, many times, there is fear in using the laser to remove some lesions due to its thermal effect on the tissues close to the lesion. This effect is always present in the use of the laser, but the intent is to minimize this effect to have as little alteration as possible on the surrounding tissues.
A Manipulation Prevention Model for Blockchain-Based E-Voting Systems
Authors: Taş Ruhi , Tanrıöver Ömer Özgür
Published: April 2021

Security and trust are seen as the most important issues in electronic voting systems. Therefore, it is necessary to use cryptographic procedures to ensure anonymity, security, privacy, and reliability in these systems. In recent years, blockchain has become one of the most commonly used methods for securing data storage and transmission through decentralized applications. E-voting is one of these application areas. However, data manipulation is still seen as a major potential problem in e-voting systems. In theproposed model, administrators or miners are prevented from previewing election results which are normally accessible data due to the blockchain structure. A double-layer encryption model is proposed and tested to prevent manipulations that may occur with the election results. It is ensured that the election results can be counted after the participation of all stakeholders at the end. In this way, potential manipulations may be prevented during the election period. As a result of the model, the privacy of voters is ensured, no central authority is needed, and the recorded votes are kept in a distributed structure.
Tuning Frontiers of Efficiency in Tissue P Systems with Evolutional Communication Rules
Authors: Orellana-Martín David , Valencia-Cabrera Luis , Song Bosheng , Pan Linqiang , Pérez-Jiménez Mario J.
Published: April 2021

Over the last few years, a new methodology to address the P versus NP problem has been developed, based on searching for borderlines between the nonefficiency of computing models (only problems in class P can be solved in polynomial time) and the presumed efficiency (ability to solve NP‐complete problems in polynomial time). These borderlines can be seen as frontiers of efficiency, which are crucial in this methodology. “Translating,” in some sense, an efficient solution in a presumably efficient model to an efficient solution in a nonefficient model would give an affirmative answer to problem P versus NP. In the framework of Membrane Computing, the key of this approach is to detect the syntactic or semantic ingredients that are needed to pass from a nonefficient class of membrane systems to a presumably efficient one. This paper deals with tissue P systems with communication rules of type symport/antiport allowing the evolution of the objects triggering the rules. In previous works, frontiers of efficiency were found in these kinds of membrane systems both with division rules and with separation rules. However, since they were not optimal, it is interesting to refine these frontiers. In this work, optimal frontiers of the efficiency are obtained in terms of the total number of objects involved in the communication rules used for that kind of membrane systems. These optimizations could be easier to translate, if possible, to efficient solutions in a nonefficient model.
An Affinity Propagation-Based Clustering Method for the Temporal Dynamics Management of High-Speed Railway Passenger Demand
Authors: Wang Wenxian , Shi Tie , Zhang Yongxiang , Zhu Qian
Published: April 2021

The number of passengers in a high-speed railway line normally varies significantly by the time periods, such as the peak and nonpeak hours. A reasonable classification of railway operation time intervals is essential for an adaptive adjustment of the train schedule. However, the passenger flow intervals are usually classified manually based on experience, which is subjective and inaccurate. Based on the time samples of actual passenger demand data for 365 days, this paper proposes an affinity propagation (AP) algorithm to automatically classify the passenger flow intervals. Specifically, the AP algorithm first merges time samples into different categories together with the passenger transmit volume of the stations, which are used as descriptive variables. Furthermore, clustering validity indexes, such as Calinski–Harabasz, Hartigan, and In-Group Proportion, are employed to examine the clustering results, and reasonable passenger flow intervals are finally obtained. A case study of the Zhengzhou-Xi’an high-speed railway indicates that our proposed AP algorithm has the best performance. Moreover, based on the passenger flow interval classification results obtained using the AP algorithm, the train operation plan fits the passenger demand better. As a result, the indexes of passenger demand satisfaction rate, average train occupancy rate, and passenger flow rate are improved by 7.6%, 16.7%, and 14.1%, respectively, in 2014. In 2015, the above three indicators are improved by 5.7%, 18.4%, and 14.4%, respectively.
Voltammetric Determination of Amoxicillin Using a Reduced Graphite Oxide Nanosheet Electrode
Authors: Pham Thi Hai Yen , Mai Thi Trang , Nguyen Hoang Anh , Chu Thi Thu Hien , Vu Thi Thu Ha , Le Quoc Hung
Published: April 2021

A reduced graphite oxide nanosheet electrode (RGOnS) was prepared as a sensor for amoxicillin (AMX) detection, an antibiotic commonly used in the livestock farm, by the square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry technique. Graphite oxide with nanosheet shape was produced from a graphite electrode by a chronoamperometry process at 5 V and then an electrochemical reduction process was carried out to form RGOnS with restored long-range conjugated networks and better conductivity. The electrodes were characterized by SEM, EDX, and FTIR spectroscopy. The RGOnS electrode prepared at an optimal reduction potential of −1 V for 120 s exhibits a larger electrochemical active surface area, and the obtained oxidation signal of AMX is approximately ten times higher than that of the pristine graphite electrode. The analytical conditions such as the pH of electrolyte and accumulation time were optimized. The calibration curve built under the optimal conditions provided a good linear relationship in the range of AMX concentration from 0.5–80 µM with the correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The limit of detection was calculated as 0.193 µM. Satisfactory results are obtained from the detection of the AMX in different samples using the prepared electrode.
Complexity Construction of Intelligent Marketing Strategy Based on Mobile Computing and Machine Learning Simulation Environment
Authors: Mao Shuai , Huang Rong
Published: April 2021

Mankind’s research on marketing has a history of hundreds of years, and it has been fruitful in continuous summary and research. Now the theory of marketing has gradually penetrated into the minds of every company and even individual. A successful marketing strategy is the inevitable result of scientific planning and effective implementation. However, the current marketing strategy has gradually failed to meet the needs of corporates. In order to find the best solution for corporate marketing strategy, we built a simulation environment based on mobile computing and machine learning and compared the differences by simulating several companies of the same size in this city (corporate efficiency and revenue and expenditure under the marketing strategy). The results of the study found that intelligent marketing based on machine learning is more suitable for enterprises than general marketing strategies. The efficiency of enterprises has increased by about 20%, and the income of enterprises has increased by more than 30% compared with traditional marketing strategies. This shows that the intelligent marketing strategy based on mobile computing and machine learning to build a simulated environment plays an extremely important role in the peculiarities.
Antioxidative Potentials of Incretin‐Based Medications: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Yaribeygi Habib , Maleki Mina , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: April 2021

Glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitors are medications used for managing diabetes, mimicking the metabolic effects of incretin hormones. Recent evidence suggests that these medications have antioxidative potentials in the diabetic milieu. The pathophysiology of most diabetic complications involves oxidative stress. Therefore, if incretin‐based antidiabetic medications can alleviate the free radicals involved in oxidative stress, they can potentially provide further therapeutic effects against diabetic complications. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these medications protect against oxidative stress are not fully understood. In the current review, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms behind these pharmacologic agents’ antioxidative properties.
Treatment of Gingival Recession with Microinvasive Surgical Technology
Authors: Cao Qiong , Lu Ruohuang , Chen Jun , Pan Hao , Feng Hui , Liu Binjie , Wang Yuehong
Published: April 2021

Objective. The purpose of this clinical research was to evaluate the result of microinvasive surgical technology: vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) in multiple gingival recession. Methods. A total of 20 patients with 25 Miller I and 30 Miller III gingival recession teeth were treated with VISTA+SCTG. The data at baseline and 12 months were assessed: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession depth (RD), gingival recession width (RW), width of keratinized tissue (WKT), and gingival biotype (GB), and percentage of root coverage (RC) and complete root coverage (CRC) were calculated. Results. The average root coverage was

1.52
±
0.70

 mm in Miller I and

0.82
±
0.79

 mm in Miller III. The mean root coverage rate was

99.00
%
±
5.00
%

in Miller I and

60.73
±
37.90

% in Miller III. The width of clinical attachment loss of keratinized tissue was significantly improved. Conclusions. VISTA and SCTG are effective in the treatment of both Miller class I and III multiple gingival recessions. Gingival increment in Miller class I is better than that in III. It is the same for maxillary and mandibular teeth.
Gene Polymorphism of MUC15, MMP14, BRAF, and COL1A1 Is Associated with Capsule Formation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Yongchao , Liu Bozhi , Duan Youjia , Li Wei , Chen Jinglong
Published: April 2021

Background. The presence of a capsule is an important prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Capsule formation is affected by tumor-host interaction, which may include collagen deposition and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Purpose. This study aimed to examine whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes for COL1A1 MUC15, MMP14, CD97, SMYD3, BRAF, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β) are related to capsule formation. Methods. We prospectively recruited and analyzed 185 patients with HCC with or without a capsule between 2019 and 2020. The SNPs involved were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Differences in the allele and genotype frequency between the cases and controls were evaluated using the chi-square test. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex. Stratification analyses were also performed with preselected variables. Results. The single-locus analysis showed that the presence of a capsule was significantly associated with five SNPs : MUC15 rs17309195

P
=
0.01

, rs12271124

P
=
 
0.02

, rs10430847

P
=
0.04

, MMP14 rs17884816

P
=
0.01

, and BRAF rs74512895

P
=
0.03

. Adjusted logistic regression revealed that the decreased capsule formation was statistically significantly associated with BRAF rs76603725, COL1A1 rs2269336, and MUC15 rs17309195, while MMP14 rs17884816 and MUC15 rs10430847, rs2063278, and rs967490 were associated with increased capsule formation. The MUC15 block 2 haplotype was associated with increased capsule formation. Conclusions. MUC15, MMP14, BRAF, and COL1A1 gene polymorphisms are associated with capsule formation in HCC. Studies involving larger samples are needed to confirm our results.
Record of Oldenlandia hygrophila Bremek. (Spermacoceae: Rubiaceae), a lesser known herb from Palghat Gap of Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Authors: Vadakkeveedu Jagadesh Aswani  , Vasudevan Ambat Rekha  , Pathiyil Arabhi  , Manjakulam Khadhersha Jabeena  , Kunnamkumarath Jisha  , Maya Chandrashekaran Nair
Published: April 2021

Oldenlandia hygrophila Bremek., a lesser known taxon has been relocated from the type location in the Palghat (Palakkad) gap region of southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India, and is described.  Setiform cuticular protuberances all over the plant, branching pattern, stipule length, axillary solitary blue flower, corolla lobes not spreading during anthesis, size of flower, presence of hyaline hairs inside corolla tube, calyx lobe reaching one-fourth of the corolla tube, exerted anthers with glabrous filaments, sub - globose capsule and seed surface pattern are some of the peculiar features which makes this taxa different from other Oldenlandia species.  After its type collection in 1972, this endemic taxa could not be relocated from its type locality till date.
Type specimens housed in the herpetological collections at Museo de La Salle Bogotá and their historical importance for the consolidation of herpetology in Colombia
Authors: CRUZ-RODRÍGUEZ CRISTIAN , LYNCH JOHN D. , CÁRDENAS JULIETH S. , CAICEDO-PORTILLA JOSÉ RANCÉS
Published: April 2021

We present a catalog of type specimens deposited in the Herpetological collections at the Museo de La Salle (MLS), Bogotá, Colombia. The list includes 85 type specimens comprising 36 holotypes and 49 paratypes. Also, we include the types belonging to other institutions, corrections in the catalog numbers and localities, additions and updates to the information in the original descriptions, as well as rediscovery of material that was considered lost until now.
A new species of Anoplophora Hope, 1839 allied to A. freyi (Breuning, 1947) from Sichuan, China (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)
Authors: WANG CHENG-BIN , HE LI
Published: April 2021

A new species of longhorn beetle, Anoplophora puxian sp. n. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini) is described from Sichuan, China. It is closely related to A. freyi (Breuning, 1947). Diagnostic characters of the two species are illustrated and compared.
Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: IV. Infraorder Anomura: Superfamilies Chirostyloidea, Galatheoidea, Hippoidea and Paguroidea
Authors: MANTELATTO FERNANDO L. , MIRANDA IVANA , VERA-SILVA ANA L. , NEGRI MARIANA , BURANELLI RAQUEL C. , TEROSSI MARIANA , MAGALHÃES TATIANA , COSTA ROGÉRIO C. , ZARA FERNANDO J. , CASTILHO ANTONIO L.
Published: April 2021

This checklist is the fourth contribution resulting from a long-term multidisciplinary project which combined morphological analyses and molecular techniques (mitochondrial DNA markers) for accurate identification of marine and coastal decapod crustaceans of São Paulo State (Brazil). We provide a list of 63 species of the following 11 families of 4 superfamilies of Anomura: Albuneidae (4 spp.), Blepharipodidae (1 sp.), Chirostylidae (1 sp.), Diogenidae (18 spp.), Hippidae (1 sp.),  Munididae (8 spp.), Munidopsidae (1 sp.), Paguridae (13 spp.), Parapaguridae (2 spp.), Porcellanidae (13 spp.), and Pylochelidae (1 sp.). Seven species previously reported from the region were neither collected nor found in museum collections during our study, including one (Sympagurus dimorphus) that we suggest to be removed from São Paulo coast fauna lists. We generated new sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (barcode region) and 16S genes of 44 species. This anomuran inventory may serve as guideline for future studies on taxonomy, conservation, population genetics, biogeography, and phylogenetics, which might flag species that deserve further investigations and concerns.
A Victorian Curate
Authors: Yeandle David
Published: April 2021

The Rev. Dr John Hunt (1827-1907) was not a typical clergyman in the Victorian Church of England. He was Scottish, of lowly birth, and lacking both social connections and private means. He was also a witty and fluent intellectual, whose publications stood alongside the most eminent of his peers during a period when theology was being redefined in the light of Darwin’s Origin of Species and other radical scientific advances.

Hunt attracted notoriety and conflict as well as admiration and respect: he was the subject of articles in Punch and in the wider press concerning his clandestine dissection of a foetus in the crypt of a City church, while his Essay on Pantheism was proscribed by the Roman Catholic Church. He had many skirmishes with incumbents, both evangelical and catholic, and was dismissed from several of his curacies.

This book analyses his career in London and St Ives (Cambs.) through the lens of his autobiographical narrative, Clergymen Made Scarce (1867). David Yeandle has examined a little-known copy of the text that includes manuscript annotations by Eliza Hunt, the wife of the author, which offer unique insight into the many anonymous and pseudonymous references in the text.

'A Victorian Curate: A Study of the Life and Career of the Rev. Dr John Hunt' is an absorbing personal account of the corruption and turmoil in the Church of England at this time. It will appeal to anyone interested in this history, the relationship between science and religion in the nineteenth century, or the role of the curate in Victorian England.
9. St Ives, Hunts
Authors: Yeandle David
Published: April 2021

This chapter examines Hunt’s very significant curacy (8) in St Ives (1865–66), where he nearly succeeded in becoming vicar, following the incumbent’s death, but was thwarted when the patrons appointed a ‘high ritualist’. There is a wealth of detail given by Hunt about the ensuing clash of churchmanship, resulting once more in his dismissal. The last section looks at his final curacies at St Mary’s, Lambeth (9) (1866–76) and St Nicholas’s, Sutton, Surrey (10) (1876–78).
Climate Change and Human Well-Being in the 2020s: Lessons From 2020
Authors: Sheehan Mary C.
Published: April 2021

Behind the coronavirus headlines the year 2020 set multiple extreme weather records, including unprecedented wildfires in Australia and California, massive flooding in China, and back-to-back hurricanes in Central America. The impacts on the well-being of local populations have been devastating. We reviewed these extreme weather events, together with the year’s newly published climate and health science reports, and identified three important themes for building health resilience in the decade ahead: (1) preparing for greater magnitude and intensity of climate hazards, extreme events, and population health impacts; (2) better anticipating cascading and compound impacts on population well-being, particularly for the most vulnerable; and (3) identifying appropriate, effective preparedness tools and strategies. While decarbonizing the economy is the urgent goal to protect both human and planetary health from a changing climate, 2020 demonstrates that recognizing the likely magnitude and complexity of future extreme weather events, and preparing local public health agencies and communities with the knowledge and tools to respond to them, will be essential in this critical decade.
‘From our ownselves’: Acompañamiento with Indigenous Women in Perú
Authors: Carranza Mirna E
Published: April 2021

This article contributes to the ethical and practical conceptualizations of centring marginalized voices in research across borders. This project worked within the parameters of international social work (ISW) in Perú, which is a space where the advancement of globalization and colonization has deepened the historical exclusion and marginality of Indigenous women. To work towards social justice, this project developed creative innovative approaches to engagement and resisted western notions of progress. As research is not neutral, deconstruction of contextual forces that shape research makes visible how knowledge(s) are understood and subjugated in ISW, in particular that of Indigenous women.
Distinct Microbial Signatures between Periodontal Profile Classes
Authors: Marchesan J.T. , Moss K. , Morelli T. , Teles F.R. , Divaris K. , Styner M. , Ribeiro A.A. , Webster-Cyriaque J. , Beck J.
Published: April 2021

Precise classification of periodontal disease has been the objective of concerted efforts and has led to the introduction of new consensus-based and data-driven classifications. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbiological signatures of a latent class analysis (LCA)–derived periodontal stratification system, the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) taxonomy. We used demographic, microbial (subgingival biofilm composition), and immunological data (serum IgG antibody levels, obtained with checkerboard immunoblotting technique) for 1,450 adult participants of the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, with already generated PPC classifications. Analyses relied on t tests and generalized linear models with Bonferroni correction. Men and African Americans had higher systemic antibody levels against most microorganisms compared to women and Caucasians ( P < 0.05). Healthy individuals (PPC-I) had low levels of biofilm bacteria and serum IgG levels against most periodontal pathogens ( P < 0.05). Subjects with mild to moderate disease (PPC-II to PPC-III) showed mild/moderate colonization of multiple biofilm pathogens. Individuals with severe disease (PPC-IV) had moderate/high levels of biofilm pathogens and antibody levels for orange/red complexes. High gingival index individuals (PPC-V) showed moderate/high levels of biofilm Campylobacter rectus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Biofilm composition in individuals with reduced periodontium (PPC-VI) was similar to health but showed moderate to high antibody responses. Those with severe tooth loss (PPC-VII) had significantly high levels of multiple biofilm pathogens, while the systemic antibody response to these microorganisms was comparable to health. The results support a biologic basis for elevated risk for periodontal disease in men and African Americans. Periodontally healthy individuals showed a low biofilm pathogen and low systemic antibody burden. In the presence of PPC disease, a microbial-host imbalance characterized by higher microbial biofilm colonization and/or systemic IgG responses was identified. These results support the notion that subgroups identified by the PPC system present distinct microbial profiles and may be useful in designing future precise biological treatment interventions.
Halo or Cannibalization? How New Software Entrants Impact Sales of Incumbent Software in Platform Markets
Authors: Allen B.J. , Gretz Richard T. , Houston Mark B. , Basuroy Suman
Published: April 2021

Platform markets involve indirect network effects as two or more sides of a market interact through an intermediary platform. Many platform markets consist of both a platform device and corresponding software. In such markets, new software introductions influence incumbent software sales, and new entrants may directly cannibalize incumbents. However, entrants may also create an indirect halo impact by attracting new platform adopters, who then purchase incumbent software. To measure performance holistically, this article introduces a method to quantify both indirect and direct paths and determine which effect dominates and when. The authors identify relevant moderators from the sensations–familiarity framework and conduct empirical tests with data from the video game industry (1995–2019). Results show that the direct impact often results in cannibalization, which generally increases when the entrant is a superstar or part of a franchise. For the indirect halo impact, superstar entrants significantly increase platform adoption, which can help all incumbents. Combining the direct and indirect impacts, the authors find that only new software that is both a superstar and part of a franchise increases platform adoption sufficiently to overcome direct cannibalization and achieve a net positive effect on incumbent software; all other types of entrants have a neutral or negative overall effect.
Preliminary evidence for the phosphodiesterase type-4 inhibitor, roflumilast, in ameliorating cognitive flexibility deficits in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Livingston Nicholas R , Hawkins Peter CT , Gilleen James , Ye Rong , Valdearenas Lorena , Shergill Sukhi S , Mehta Mitul A
Published: April 2021

Background:

Cognitive flexibility deficits are present in patients with schizophrenia and are strong predictors of functional outcome but, as yet, have no pharmacological treatments.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the phosphodiesterase type-4 inhibitor, roflumilast, can improve cognitive flexibility performance and functional brain activity in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:

This was a within-subject, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-period crossover study using a version of the Intradimensional/Extradimensional (ID/ED) task, optimised for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in 10 patients with schizophrenia who were scanned after receiving placebo, 100 µg or 250 µg roflumilast for 8 consecutive days. Data from an additional fMRI ID/ED study of 18 healthy participants on placebo was included to contextualise the schizophrenia-related performance and activations. The fMRI analyses included a priori driven region of interest (ROI) analysis of the dorsal frontoparietal attention network.

Results:

Patients on placebo demonstrated broad deficits in task performance compared to the healthy comparison group, accompanied by preserved network activity for solution search, but reduced activity in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex for attentional set-shifting and reduced activity in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for reversal learning. These ROI deficits were ameliorated by 250 µg roflumilast, whereas during solution search 100 µg roflumilast reduced activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex, right DLPFC and bilateral PPC, which was associated with an improvement in formation of attentional sets.

Conclusions:

The results suggest roflumilast has dose-dependent cognitive enhancing effects on the ID/ED task in patients with schizophrenia, and provides sufficient support for larger studies to test roflumilast’s role in improving cognitive flexibility deficits in this clinical population.
Child Sexual Abuse in Pakistan: Using Evidence Based Social Ecological Model for Explanation and Policy Formulation
Authors: Abbas Syed Saleem , Jabeen Tahira
Published: April 2021

Due to recent high profile media reported cases of child sexual abuse in Pakistan a serious public concern is observed with a strong punitive public demand rather than proactive and preventive approach as solution. Instead of reactive approach, it is needed to formulate a policy based on valid causal ground for solution of this problem. Purpose of this cross sectional study is to provide a causal ground based on evidence based social ecological model for holistic policy response for addressing issue of CSA. Using ICAST-R, equal number of male and female 274 university students were asked about experience of CSA, re-victimization, age at the time of CSA, perpetrators, disclosure patterns and social support after disclosure of CSA. On the basis of data, evidence based social ecological model was used for explanation of individual, family, societal and institutional factors related to CSA in Pakistan for formulation of effective prevention strategy. According to findings most frequent age at the time of CSA is between 6th to 18th year of age with 9th year as most frequently reported. Experience of CSA was reported more frequently by boys than girls. Peers were identified as highest reported perpetrators and majority of the perpetrators were known to the child. Instead of reactive and punitive approach towards issue of CSA it is needed to formulate a policy based on social ecological factors of society.
Learner profile mapping: Stimulating autonomous motivation in entrepreneurship education
Authors: Donaldson Colin , Villagrasa Jorge , Sánchez Felipe
Published: April 2021

Entrepreneurship education represents a popular area of contemporary study. Nonetheless, topical interest is heavily biased towards final outcomes, such as entrepreneurial intentions or ending motives to become an entrepreneur. In this regard, further development is needed to unearth the pedagogical processes that allow these perceived beneficial outcomes to emerge. The aim of this paper is to approach a commonly studied outcome variable – student motivation – from a novel perspective. An attempt is made towards its reframing as a processual construct that energises and directs effective engagement in learning itself. Contributing to the sharing of innovative pedagogical best practice and the linking of outcomes to methods of teaching, a way through which students’ motivation can be ignited and sustained is exposed. Specifically, an original approach towards increasing student autonomy is put forward and critiqued.