bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Hidden Hot Springs’ as a Source of Groundwater Fluoride and Severe Dental Fluorosis in Malawi
Authors: Addison Marc J. , Rivett Michael O. , Phiri Owen L. , Milne Nigel , Milne Vicky , McMahon Alex D. , Macpherson Lorna M. D. , Bagg Jeremy , Conway David I. , Phiri Peaches , Mbalame Emma , Manda Innocent , Kalin Robert M.
Published: April 2021

Hidden hot springs likely impact rural water supplies in Malawi’s Rift Valley with excess dissolved fluoride leading to localised endemic severe dental fluorosis. Predicting their occurrence is a challenge; Malawi’s groundwater data archive is sporadic and incomplete which prevents the application of standard modelling techniques. A creative alternative method to predict hidden hot spring locations was developed using a synthesis of proxy indicators (geological, geochemical, dental) and is shown to be at least 75% effective. An exciting collaboration between geoscientists and dentists allowed corroboration of severe dental fluorosis with hydrogeological vulnerability. Thirteen hidden hot springs were identified based on synthesised proxy indicators. A vulnerability prediction map for the region was developed and is the first of its kind in Malawi. It allows improved groundwater fluoride prediction in Malawi’s rift basin which hosts the majority of hot springs. Moreover, it allows dentists to recognise geological control over community oral health. Collaborative efforts have proven mutually beneficial, allowing both disciplines to conduct targeted research to improve community wellbeing and health and inform policy development in their respective areas. This work contributes globally in developing nations where incomplete groundwater data and vulnerability to groundwater contamination from hydrothermal fluoride exist in tandem.
Influence of the Evolution of Marine Industry Structure on the Green Total Factor Productivity of Marine Economy
Authors: Wei Xinyi , Hu Qiuguang , Shen Weiteng , Ma Jintao
Published: April 2021

The 14th five-year plan emphasizes the importance of marine ecology and environmental protection, and the green concept is incorporated into the high-quality development system of the marine economy. This research used the data of 11 coastal provinces and cities in China from 2006 to 2016, based on the super-efficiency slack-based measure model and global Malmquist index model. The objective was to calculate the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the marine economy, to study the impact of the evolution of the marine industrial structure on marine economic GTFP. The study found the following: (1) in general, the upgrade of marine industrial structure promoted the growth of marine economic GTFP and presented an inverted “U” trend of initially promoting and then suppressing. Spatially, only the advancement and rationalization of industrial structure in the Yellow and Bohai Sea regions inhibited the growth of marine economic GTFP. In terms of time, the advanced marine industrial structure promoted the growth of GTFP from 2006 to 2010, whereas that of industrial structure inhibited the growth of GTFP from 2011 to 2016. (2) The GTFP of the marine economy showed an increasing trend, but the conversion rate of production technology is low. Falling into the “efficiency trap” of highly advanced technology input and low-efficiency technology output should be avoided. (3) Affected by the mismatch of regional resources or industrial structure, government intervention showed an “opposite” mechanism in areas with different marine economic strengths. Government intervention in areas with higher marine economic strength was conducive to GTFP growth, whereas government intervention in areas with weaker marine economic strength would hinder GTFP growth.
Assessing the Hydroclimatic Movement under Future Scenarios Including both Climate and Land Use Changes
Authors: Kim Sinae , Kim Hakkwan , Kim Kyeung , Jun Sang-Min , Hwang Soonho , Kang Moon-Seong
Published: April 2021

In this study we simulated the watershed response according to future climate and land use change scenarios through a hydrological model and predicting future hydroclimate changes by applying the Budyko framework. Future climate change scenarios were derived from the UK Earth system model (UKESM1), and future land use changes were predicted using the future land use simulation (FLUS) model. To understand the overall trend of hydroclimatic conditions, the movements in Budyko space were represented as wind rose plots. Moreover, the impacts of climate and land use changes were separated, and the watersheds’ hydroclimatic conditions were classified into five groups. In future scenarios, both increase and decrease of aridity index were observed depending on the watershed, and land use change generally led to a decrease in the evaporation index. The results indicate that as hydroclimatic movement groups are more diversely distributed by region in future periods, regional adaptation strategies could be required to reduce hydroclimatic changes in each region. The results derived from this study can be used as basic data to establish an appropriate water resource management plan and the governments’ land use plan. As an extension of this study, we can consider more diverse land use characteristics and other global climate model (GCMs) in future papers.
Removal of Heavy Metals during Primary Treatment of Municipal Wastewater and Possibilities of Enhanced Removal: A Review
Authors: Sylwan Ida , Thorin Eva
Published: April 2021

Resource reuse has become an important aspect of wastewater management. At present, use of sludge in agriculture is one of the major reuse routes. Conventional municipal wastewater treatment does not involve any designated process for removal of heavy metals, and these distribute mainly between effluent and sludge. Enhanced removal of heavy metals during primary treatment may decrease the heavy metal concentrations in both effluent and sludge from secondary treatment and promote long-term reuse of secondary sludge. This review considers heavy metal occurrence and removal during primary settling, together with possible treatment technologies for heavy metal removal in primary settlers and their theoretical performance. The variation in total heavy metal concentrations and dissolved fraction in raw municipal wastewater points to a need for site-specific assessments of appropriate technologies for improved heavy metal removal. Studies examining the heavy metal speciation beyond dissolved/particulate are few. Missing or disparate information on process parameters such as hydraulic retention time, pH and composition of return flows makes it hard to generalize the findings from studies concerning heavy metal removal in primary settlers. Coagulation/flocculation and use of low-cost sorbents were identified as the most promising methods for enhancing heavy metal removal during primary settling. Based on the available data on heavy metal speciation and removal during primary settling, sorption technologies may be most effective for enhancing the removal of Cu and Ni, while coagulation may be efficient for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg removal (but not as efficient for Ni removal).
About Ideology for Russia
Authors: Davydov Aleksandr V.
Published: April 2021

The issue of ideology for Russia has become an integral part of the country's political thought. There is a range of opinions: from affirmation that Russia is just a commercial enterprise and does not need any idea, to the statement that Russia is an empire and should behave in an imperial manner. Well, Plato's statement “ideas rule the world” that has become common, can only be strengthened — this is not thoughts that belong to us, but we belong to the thoughts. In the beginning was the Word. After all, everything that exists has its essence — an idea, the expression of which, in other words — a word generates the existence of this being.
Decision Support System in Complex Entrepreneurial Structures as a Developing Management Tool
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, Yudina Svetlana V. , Tsovma Denis V. ,   Public Joint Stock Company TATNEFT named after V.D. Shashin
Published: April 2021

Information support for making strategic decisions in groups of companies can be, on the one hand, very relevant due to the large number of parameters taken into account, on the other hand, it is quite productive due to the objective measurability of these parameters. Unlike traditional approaches to the economic analysis of an independent business entity, subsidiaries and dependent companies (SDCs) are also evaluated in terms of their impact on the parent company and the group of companies as a whole. Therefore, the authors of the study have formed a set of indicators that can be regrouped for various analytical and forecasting purposes, thereby creating and testing the author's methodology for assessing the activities of subsidiaries and affiliates.
Technological Changes in Consumption Strategies in Modern Tourism
Authors:   Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gordienko Stanislav V.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the strategic impact of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, on the tourism sector of the world economy. The content of technology packages 4.0., the impact of the technological transition on the competitiveness of Russian tourism are described. The relevant resolutions of international tourism organizations are discussed, Megatrends of future tourism. A critical assessment of the main provisions of the Strategy for the development of Russian tourism until 2035 has been made. Examples of implementation of technological and social Megatrends in the world tourism and in the regions of Russia industry are given. The results of research of the world's leading enterprises on the revealing of preferences and wishes of modern tourists, the value of digital services for them, and ways to choose locations are studied. Differences in the expectations and preferences of travelers of different ages are formulated. The parameters of technological features of modern tourists and the list of main studies of technological changes at the present stage of production of tourist products are formed.
Prechaos as a Mid-Term State of Global Poliсy and Economics
Authors:   HSE University, Evstaf'ev Dmitrii G.
Published: April 2021

The contemporary world is characterized with slowdown of key processes of global institutional development at the background of instrumental capabilities for geo-economic competition that could now include the methods of political and economic pressure upon competitors. Such a state of affairs could be called «a pre-chaos» that means the backpedaling major developments in the global geoeconomics (including the investment ones) as well as the political one while waiting for the massive turbulence that could include application of force. The USA are interested in maximum prolongation of the pre-chaos state in order to buy time to consolidate the elite and stabilize the society socially. But the prolonged existence of world economy within the frame of pre-chaos model that among other things results in avoiding the longer-term economic decisions including investment-related ones, only increases the destructive potential of future crisis with the destruction of the vital elements of the system of global economic interdependence.
Globalization of the World Economy and Pandemic-2020
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Perskaya Viktoriya V.
Published: April 2021

The impact of the “pandemic 2020” is analyzed both in the short term and taking into account the long-term trend in order to restore national economic sovereignty by national economies; factors of the promotion of economic globalization — the activities of multinational/multinational companies, the US promotion of unilateral sanctions, the level of economic freedom bordering on the ultimate criterion for the loss of national economic sovereignty; financialization of the global economy as a factor in its growth; the dependence of world development on the level of GVCs formed and the existing specialization of the economies of the world, which made them unable to ensure sovereignty, security and health of the nation; it was concluded that the “pandemic 2020” acts as a catalyst for the restructuring of the world economies towards polycentrism and ensuring real reasonable sovereignty, without denying the potential of either vertical or horizontal cooperation and economic interaction
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Authors:   Institute for Economic Strategies, Ageev Aleksandr I.
Published: April 2021

Opening address of the Editor-in-chief
PROCESOS ORGANIZACIONALES VINCULADOS A LA GESTIÓN DE CALIDAD DEL SERVICIO
Authors: Morles Jonnatha
Published: April 2021

Este artículo tiene como finalidad mostrar la caracterización de los procesos organizacionales vinculados a la gestión de calidad del servicio en los departamentos de administración de las instituciones universitarias públicas del municipio Cabimas. Para ello se realizó una investigación de descriptiva, no experimental, transeccional y de campo, con el propósito de analizar las percepciones de los directivos que conforman el nivel gerencial, en torno a: Liderazgo y compromiso de la dirección, participación del personal y toma de decisiones. Como resultado de esta investigación, se determinó que estas organizaciones poseen alta presencia de los procesos organizacionales vinculados a la gestión de calidad del servicio para lograr la misión y los objetivos de la organización que son conducidas por un liderazgo de la dirección y guiadas por una visión así como unas estrategias claramente establecidas a medio y largo plazo, como también por estrategias y políticas de calidad apropiadas.
EL NEUROMARKETING Y EL COMPORTAMIENTO DEL CONSUMIDOR DE CERVEZA
Authors: Segovia Jaramillo Vladimir
Published: April 2021

La aplicación del neuromarketing ha revolucionado el estudio del comportamiento del consumidor, generando beneficios para varios sectores, entre ellos la industria de la cerveza. El objetico de este estudio fue determinar el factor de influencia más relevante en el comportamiento de compra de los consumidores de cerveza en Sucre, Bolivia. Se trata de un estudio mixto con alcance causal que mediante un pre experimento con modelo pretest-postest aplicado a 65 individuos pudo evaluar la preferencia de marca de 3 cervezas, asimismo mediante la observación se comparó las estrategias de marketing aplicadas por estas marcas. Como resultado se comprobó que no existe relación entre estándares de calidad de cerveza (aroma, color, sabor espuma y cuerpo) y preferencia de marca, sino es el neuromarketing el que determina el comportamiento del consumidor. Se concluye que se trata de un comportamiento irracional e inconsciente, motivado por emociones, que debe ser enfocado desde el neuromarketing.
Glucocorticoid Therapy in ANCA Vasculitis: Using the Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index as an Outcome Measure
Authors: Floyd Lauren , Morris Adam , Joshi Miland , Dhaygude Ajay
Published: April 2021

Key Points

Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index provides a global quantifiable assessment tool to assess glucocorticoid associated morbidity.

Cumulative doses of steroids in ANCA associated vasculitis leads to worse glucocorticoid related toxicity.

Whilst glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of AAV treatment, the narrow therapeutic window supports the need for GC-sparing treatments.

Background

ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease. Induction remission and maintenance treatment typically includes high-dose, tapering glucocorticoids (GC), in addition to other immunosuppressive medication. The use of theGlucocorticoid Toxicity Index (GTI) provides a global, quantifiable assessment tool in which clinicians can assess GC-associated morbidity. Recent trials in AAV have exposed the need for systemic assessment of GC burden. In this small cohort study, we look to address these issues and the justification of newer GC sparing agents, such as C5a inhibitors.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of 43 patients with biopsy AAV was constructed from a single center between 2012–2016, and followed up for 48 months. The GTI table made up of adverse features was used to quantify patients’ GC toxicity. Electronic patient records were reviewed and scores calculated according to published methods. GTI scores were compared with cumulative steroid doses at separate intervals and incidences of adverse features in relation to the treatment timeline.

Results

The mean age was 65.9 (±11.06) years and treatment regimens consisted of glucocorticoids alongside cyclophosphamide or rituximab. Our results showed statistical significance in the association of cumulative GC doses and GTI scores (P=0.008; 95% CI, 1.31 to 8.05). Adverse features relating to mood disturbance and GC-induced psychosis occurred early, in contrast to adrenal insufficiency, which typically presented later in the follow-up. Infection-related adverse events were consistent throughout.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that higher cumulative doses of steroids in AAV lead to worse glucocorticoid-related toxicity. Using the GTI creates the potential to individualize and quantify the adverse effects patients experience as a result of GC treatment and permits more patient-centered management. Although glucocorticoids remain the main adjunctive immunosuppression of AAV treatment, the narrow therapeutic window supports the need for GC-sparing treatments.
Tracks of steel development of Ukrainian assistance: specialist i culture – V middle conference
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Oriekhova Svetlana , Sabadash Yuliia ,   Mariupol State University
Published: April 2021

On November 15, 2019, the Department of Cultural Studies and Information Activities of Mariupol State University held the 5th International Scientific and Practical Conference «Tracks of steel development of Ukrainian assistance: specialist i culture – V middle conference».
Structure and content of educational institution’s communication and communication activities
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Kudlai Viacheslav , Belousova Valeriia ,   Mariupol State University
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the peculiarities of "communication" and "communication activity" terms interpretation in the context of higher education institution. The basic elements, forms, types and functions of communication activity are characterized. The main stages of work on creating effective communication in the institution are identified. Communication improvement areas in higher education institutions are highlighted. There are communication activity forms that are the way of communication participants interacting. There are three main communicational forms: imitation, dialogue, management. In its communication activities, university needs to disseminate information about educational services quality, which ensures their competitiveness. The educational services competitiveness of university is the main indicator of the functioning effectiveness. Main factors of educational service competitiveness are: the quality of training; cost of education; specialties demand in the educational market; specialties promotion; graduates employment etc. Higher education institutions’ improved communication is facilitated by the following practices: regulation of information flows; feedback systems improvement; use of modern information technologies; issue newsletters. Communication is a deliberate process of information transmitting, using rules and regulations that help to achieve understanding between the subjects. Communication and communication activities using traditional and electronic information exchange channels are important to ensure the overall objectives of the university and quality educational services provision. The well-established communicational process in educational institutions creates conditions for the information transfer to educational services consumers, which is a prerequisite for successful education development in Ukraine. In the communication activity, the individual and the recipient (the entrant, the student, the teacher, the other staff of the university), the target groups (the student body as the community, the scientific and teaching staff) and the society in general, act as the communicator and the recipient. The communication activity of the educational institution largely depends on modern society needs and new trends impact. The main task of universities’ communication activity is to highlight the strengths in the organization of its work and to focus on them.
European renaissance and Michelle Montaigne: the way of man's understanding himself
Authors:   Samarkand State University, Kurbanov Umidzhon
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to a critical analysis of the text of the philosophical work of M. Montaigne “Experiments” in the aspect of the way a person comprehends himself, which is the key pathos of this work of the outstanding writer and philosopher of the French Renaissance, when a person gains confidence that he is fully capable of change and even construction new world in connection with a new concept for building a national state. It is argued that the main essence of Montaigne's “Experiments” consists, according to the author, in an attempt to set up experiments on oneself and one’s own mind in order to comprehend oneself by a person.
The method of double repetition action in the art of piano playing as an artistic and expressive technique
Authors:   Mariupol College of Arts, Malaieva Tetiana
Published: April 2021

This article is a deep study of the technical possibilities of the modern piano and the use of this knowledge in the musical and pianistic development of the personality. The history of the modern piano begins in the XIX century. In 1823, Sebastien Erar in Paris invented the mechanism of double rehearsal. It was a double rehearsal that marked the beginning of a new history of the modern piano. Its main task is to achieve the sensation of closing a fingertip with a string. Similarly, as the ligaments of the vocalist close or the bow with the string of the violinist. Double rehearsal is a thin spring mechanism that allows you to repeatedly press a key from half or a quarter of a key's stroke without lifting your finger from the key.This mechanism drives the hammer, and the damper remains motionless. This creates a pedal sound effect. Possession of a double rehearsal allows the pianist to understand that any touch to the keyboard affects the quality and color of the sound. Touching the keyboard is called Touche - unfortunately a forgotten professional concept. Frederic Chopin owned an excellent touche, for which he was called the "Singer of the piano." Famous musician, conductor, pianist, composer, music theorist, philosopher, human rights activist, Honored Artist of Russia Mikhail Arkadyev is considered a modern researcher of double rehearsal. Mastering a double rehearsal is achieved by repeating a single sound or akorda of three, four sounds on a legato without using the right pedal. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the very beginning and the first touch. There are many examples of the use of double rehearsal in music literature. It can be any repetition of the same sounds. She creates a variety of musical images. Possession of a double rehearsal contributes to the technical freedom of the pianist, aesthetic and physical support when playing the piano. The research of the ordered topic revealed that the sophisticated mechanism of the double rehearsal is the first and true "soul of the piano" (pedal - "friend") She (double rehearsal) contributes to the technical maintenance of the perfect performance of the musical work and requires a painstaking work as a music teacher, and his students. And this must be done from the beginning of education and education of music school students. As a conclusion of the study, it should be emphasized that today in education the personal-oriented pedagogy comes to the fore. Therefore, the upbringing, development, formation of individual and personal qualities in pupils with the means of music should occupy the current place in the work of musical schools. And this only confirms the relevance of the topic of research and requires its further development.
Retrospective of understanding Volyn’s history and culture in the chronicles of Theodosiy Sofonovych
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Nikolchenko Yuzef , Nikolchenko Tamara ,   Mariupol State University
Published: April 2021

The «Chronicles of Ancient Chronographers» Theodosius Sofonovich is a unique monument of Ukrainian history and culture, the creation of which coincides with the period of the National Liberation War of the Ukrainian people of 1648-1658 when political reality contributed to the development of Ukrainian national education and culture, headed by Kyiv Mohyla Collegium and patriotic Orthodox clergy. «Chronicles ...» consists of three parts: «About Russia», «The beginning and the name of Lithuania», «About the land of Poland». The first part covers the history of Kievan Rus, the second and third – the history of Ukraine XIV–XVII centuries. on the background of the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland (after 1569 – the Commonwealth). In the «Chronicles ...»Theodosius Sofonovich contains twenty messages on the problem being investigated, in particular: «Volyn» – 18; «Volyn lands» – 1; «Volyn» (city) – 1. With the help of the messages «Chronicles ...», an important role played by Volyn and Volyn lands in national history and culture from the time of the settlement of the Slavs in Eastern Europe to the events of the initial period of the National Liberation War in June 1648 was determined. Considering only one particular issue in the pages of «The Chronicles of the Chroniclers of the Ancients» Theodosius Sofonovich, the authors of the article came to the conclusion that this work not only greatly represents the bright national historiography of the New time, but also gives the opportunity to a modern researcher to find out the features of the historical, socio-political, social, economic and cultural development of Ukraine and its separate lands from ancient times to the last quarter of the XVII century.
Scholar, historian, political scientist, educator, science promoter and higher education manager
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Sabadash Yuliia
Published: April 2021

To the 70th anniversary of the rector of Mariupol State University, Doctor of Political Science , Professor, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Consul Honorary of Republic of Cyprus in Mariupol., Honored Education Worker Kostyantyn V. BALABANOV
Application of cloud technologies in the system of information and communication activities of libraries
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Oriekhova Svetlana , Lynska Nataliia ,   Mariupol State University
Published: April 2021

The use of libraries’modern cloud technologies in information and communication activity is analyzed. It is considered the problems of cloud technologies implementation in libraries documentation and information circulation. of Advantages and disadvantages of cloud service’simplementation are revealed. Authors outlined transition prospects in the future to the cloud network and cloud technologies’use in library activity. Cloud service providers allow us to lease computing power and disk space online. Clouds are physically located in data centers - buildings that house powerful computers that are connected by a single network. Such unified computers also contain the virtual servers that are required for cloud services to work. It has been found that for libraries as social institutions that are unable to acquire and administer their own data warehouses, the use of cloud technologies is a unique opportunity to improve their work. The use of cloud technology in libraries helps to save money on acquiring a fleet of computers and licensed software. Book collections are successfully stored in large amounts on "clouds", which significantly unloads the work of local library networks, an automated library information system and its own server. Cloud services include those that are used to learn how to work with web services and standard documents. In particular, the Microsoft 365 cloud platform provides the opportunity to practice known office applications through a web browser. It includes e-mail and calendars, standard Office applications. Security is achieved through One Drive backup and two-factor authentication with face or fingerprint recognition or PIN to further protect files. Given the complexity of using security tools in cloud repositories, digital literacy plays an important role in effective communication for library users and their employees. It is resoluted that cloud services giveto library staff additional opportunities for organizing management activities. This includes, in particular, multimedia web resource services use (photo services - Picasa, Panoramio; video services – Youtubevideo, geoservices - Google maps; workflow - Slideshare, Google Docs, SkyDrive, etc.), which are free to usefor any user so we can freelystore and use image, audio and video resources. These systems can be used in management practice not only as a source of accumulation of multimedia educational web resources, but also as a system of storing library video, photo and audio archives, as well as improving the processes of information service for readers in libraries.
Marshall Olkin Alpha Power Extended Weibull Distribution: Different Methods of Estimation based on Type I and Type II Censoring
Authors: ALMETWALLY Ehab M.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we insert and study a novel five-parameter extended Weibull distribution denominated as the Marshall–Olkin alpha power extended Weibull (MOAPEW) distribution. This distribution's statistical properties are discussed. Maximum likelihood estimations (MLE), maximum product spacing (MPS), and Bayesian estimation for the MOAPEW distribution parameters are obtained using Type I and Type II censored samples. A numerical analysis using Monte-Carlo simulation and real data sets are realized to compare various estimation methods. The supremacy of this novel model upon some famous distributions is explicated using different real datasets as it appears the MOAPEW model achieves a good fit for these applications.
Mexico’s alleged influence on poverty reduction strategies in Latin America
Authors:   El Colegio de México, Boltvinik Julio
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a case study of the origins of Progresa–Oportunidades, the conditional cash transfer program for which Mexico has gained an international reputation. The main argument is that, though Mexico is held up as a leader in this area, this is little more than a façade. Rather, Mexico is used by the World Bank to propel its favoured policies and NAFTA has limited its ability to engage in autonomous policymaking. Furthermore, it is shown that the alleged role of Mexico as an emerging power is misleading and that we can best characterize it as a sinking middle power.
Evaluación de combinaciones antimicrobianas/aceite esencial de Melaleuca armillaris Sm. como alternativas terapeúticas para el tratamiento de mastitis bovina por Staphylococcus aureus
Authors:   , Buldain Daniel Cornelio
Published: April 2021

El objetivo principal de esta Tesis Doctoral fue evaluar la capacidad del aceite esencial (AE) de Melaleuca armillaris de actuar como coadyuvante de antimicrobianos utilizados en el tratamiento de la mastitis bovina por Staphylococcus aureus, en busca de una alternativa más eficaz frente a infecciones de difícil resolución. El AE fue obtenido de plantas cultivadas en la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se caracterizó fisicoquímicamente para establecer parámetros de calidad, presentando 1.8 cineol (72.3%), limoneno (7.8%) y alfa-pineno (6%) como componentes principales. Se determinaron las Concentraciones Inhibitoria y Bactericida Mínimas (CIM y CBM) del AE y de cloxacilina, eritromicina y rifaximina, frente a S. aureus a diferentes pHs (7.4; 6.5 y 5.0), emulando condiciones extra e intracelulares. Utilizamos cepas sensibles a los 3 antimicrobianos, resistentes a eritromicina, una cepa meticilino resistente (SARM) y S. aureus ATCC 29213 como control. El sinergismo entre el AE y los antimicrobianos se estimó por el índice de Concentración Fraccionaria Inhibitoria (CFI) y mediante modelado matemático de la cinética de muerte bacteriana. El AE demostró actividad antimicrobiana frente a S. aureus, la que mejoró al disminuir el pH. Se observó sinergismo al combinarlo con cloxacilina o rifaximina, que se vio favorecido en condiciones ácidas, de manera particularmente importante para cloxacilina frente a la cepa SARM. La combinación AE/eritromicina presentó sinergismo parcial. El AE afectó la viabilidad de los polimorfonucleares (PMNs) a bajas concentraciones, por lo que no se pudo evaluar su actividad a nivel intracelular. El AE de M. armillaris es un interesante coadyuvante de los antimicrobianos. Estos hallazgos lo convierten en una herramienta natural e innovadora para el desarrollo de nuevas formulaciones alternativas a los antibióticos convencionales para el control de mastitis bovinas estafilocócicas. Sin embargo, se debe avanzar en la evaluación de su citotoxicidad sobre PMNs y estrategias para disminuirla.
Study on estimation of surface roughness by separation of reflection and backscattering components using ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging
Authors: Nagata Kazunori , Nagaoka Ryo , Wilhjelm Jens E. , Hasegawa Hideyuki
Published: April 2021

The luminal surface of the arterial wall roughens in the early-stage atherosclerosis. A possible differentiation between the reflected and scattered components in the ultrasonic echo from the arterial wall potentially can serve as a diagnostic tool when such roughening occurs. This study presents a method for the differentiation of reflection and scattering components by creating ultrasonic beams from different directions using the synthetic aperture method. The technique was evaluated in experiments on urethane rubber phantoms. The average magnitude of the echo signals from each phantom and the ratio of the mean values of the reflection and scattering components were found to be proportional to the arithmetic average roughness evaluated with a laser surface profilometer. These results show that the proposed separation technique has potentials in evaluation of surface roughness.
AUKŠTŲJŲ MOKYKLŲ PSICHOSOCIALINĖ MOKYMOSI APLINKA
Authors: Bendžiūtė Skirmantė , Stanislavovienė Jelena
Published: April 2021

Mokymosi aplinka daro tiesioginį poveikį studentų aukštesniųjų mąstymo įgūdžių ugdymui, psichologinei savijautai ir mokymuisi. Prie mokymosi efektyvumo prisideda psichosocialinė aplinka. Šią aplinką sudaro aukštosios mokyklos aplinka, studento, dėstytojų ir bendrakursių bei mokomosios medžiagos sąveika. Psichosocialiniai veiksniai yra labai reikšmingi prognozuojant studentų akademinę sėkmę. Akademiniai ir socialiniai reikalavimai gali sukelti ir emocinę įtampą. Svarbu įvertinti studentų patiriamus psichosocialinius veiksnius, turinčius įtakos jų psichologinei gerovei ir sveikatai. Tyrimo tikslas – remiantis moksliniais šaltiniais, apžvelgti psichosocialinius veiksnius, galinčius paveikti aukštųjų mokyklų studentų akademinius pasiekimus, sveikatą ir gerovę.
PACIENTŲ, PATYRUSIŲ MIOKARDO INFARKTĄ, JUDĖJIMO BAIMĖS, FIZINIO AKTYVUMO IR SU SVEIKATA SUSIJUSIOS GYVENIMO KOKYBĖS SĄSAJOS
Authors: Matulaitytė Alvigita , Mikulėnaitė Giedrė , Venskaitis Raimundas
Published: April 2021

Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti pacientų, patyrusių miokardo infarktą, gyvenimo kokybę bei jos sąsajas su fiziniu aktyvumu bei baime judėti. Tyrimas atliktas 2019 metų vasario–balandžio mėn. Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santaros klinikų IV stacionariniame reabilitacijos skyriuje. Tyrime dalyvavo 30 pacientų, patyrusių pirmąjį miokardo infarktą. Tyrimas momentinis, atliktas vieną kartą, reabilitacijos pabaigoje. SF-36 su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės klausimynu įvertinta respondentų gyvenimo kokybė, Tampa kineziofobijos skale – judėjimo baimė, o tarptautiniu fizinio aktyvumo klausimynu – vidutinis vaikščiojimo ir sėdėjimo valandų skaičius per dieną. Duomenys statistiškai apdoroti naudojant R Commander paketą, rezultatai grafiškai pavaizduoti naudojant Microsoft Excel 2007 ir R Commander programas. Rezultatai. Reabilitacijos pabaigoje su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės bendras klausimyno vidurkis – 56,15 ± 6,89 balo. 16 reabilitacijos dieną buvo įvertinta pacientų judėjimo baimė. Bendras klausimyno balų vidurkis – 28,97 ± 2,37 balo. Įvertinus fizinį aktyvumą gauta, jog pacientai vidutiniškai per savaitę vaikščiojo 6,73 ± 0,25 dienas, po 2,97±0,58 valandas, o sėdėjo po 4,9 ± 0,66 valandas per dieną. Nustatytos statistiškai reikšmingos gyvenimo kokybės ir kineziofobijos sąsajos. Išnagrinėjus atskiras gyvenimo kokybės sritis, rastos sąsajos tarp kineziofobijos, fizinio aktyvumo ir bendrosios sveikatos. Nustatyta statistiškai reikšminga sąsaja tarp gyvenimo kokybės fizinio aktyvumo srities bei vidutinio sėdėjimo per dieną laiko. Išvados. 1. Išanalizavus pacientų kineziofobijos rezultatus nustatyta, jog 90 proc. respondentų neturi judėjimo baimės, 10 proc. baimė judėti yra didelė. 2. Įvertinus pacientų fizinio aktyvumo sritis: vaikščiojimo ir sėdėjimo vidutinio laiko per dieną, gauta, jog daugiausia pacientų vidutiniškai vaikščiojo 7 dienas per savaitę ir sėdėjo 5 valandas per dieną. 3. Nustačius sąsajas tarp gyvenimo kokybės, kineziofobijos ir fizinio aktyvumo gauta, jog gyvenimo kokybė ir kineziofobija koreliuoja vidutiniškai, o duomenys yra statistiškai reikšmingi (p<0,05). Rezultatuose apskaičiuota vidutinė ir statistiškai reikšminga (p<0,05) koreliacija tarp baimės judėti ir fizinio aktyvumo sričių. Fizinį aktyvumą ir vidutinį sėdėjimo laiką per dieną sieja vidutinis statistiškai reikšmingas (p<0,05) ryšys.
KŪRYBINIŲ VEIKLŲ POVEIKIS PACIENTŲ DĖMESIO KONCENTRACIJOS KAITAI PO GALVOS SMEGENŲ INSULTO
Authors: Buzytė Jomantė , Jonaitienė Rūta
Published: April 2021

Tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti kūrybinės veiklos poveikį pacientų dėmesio koncentracijai po galvos smegenų insulto. Tyrimo metodai. Tyrimas atliktas Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santaros klinikų Reabilitacijos, fizinės ir sporto medicinos centro I stacionarinės reabilitacijos skyriuje. Tyrimo laikotarpis 2017 m. spalis – 2018 m. kovas. Tyrime dalyvavo 30 pacientų, po galvos smegenų insulto atvykusių į stacionarinę reabilitaciją ir turinčių dėmesio koncentracijos problemų. Tiriamieji, atitikę įtraukimo į tyrimą kriterijus, atsitiktinės atrankos būdu suskirstyti į dvi grupes: tiriamąją ir kontrolinę po 15 asmenų. Tyrimui taikytas anketinis testavimas: sociodemografinių duomenų anketa, Trumpas protinės būklės vertinimo testas (Mini Mental), Monrealio kognityvinis testas (MOCA) bei Skaičių pakeitimo simboliais testas (Digit-Symbol substitution test, DSST), kurie padėjo įvertinti tiriamųjų dėmesio sutelktumą, apimtį ir perkėlimą. Taikyti įprastinės ergoterapijos užsiėmimai, kūrybinės veiklos ir gautų duomenų statistinė analizė. Rezultatai: kūrybinės veiklos terapija daro teigiamą įtaką pacientų po galvos smegenų insulto dėmesio sutelktumui. Visiems tiriamosios grupės pacientams dėmesio sutelktumas pagerėjo 30 procentų. Apskaičiavus taikyto poveikio reikšmingumą, skirtumas tarp I ir II tyrimo rezultatų laikomas statistiškai patikimu (p<0,05). Dėmesio apimties sutrikimų po taikytos kūrybinės veiklos neturėjo 67 proc. pacientų. Apskaičiavus taikyto poveikio reikšmingumą, skirtumas tarp I ir II tyrimo laikomas statistiškai nepatikimu (p>0,05). Pacientų, kuriems buvo taikoma kūrybinės veiklos terapija, dėmesio perkėlimas pagerėjo vidutiniškai 3,6 balo. Apskaičiavus taikyto poveikio reikšmingumą, skirtumas tarp I ir II tyrimo rezultatų laikomas statistiškai patikimu (p<0,05).
ANESTEZIJOS IR INTENSYVIOSIOS TERAPIJOS IŠPLĖSTINĖS PRAKTIKOS SLAUGYTOJAS ŪMINĖS PRIEŽIŪROS KOMANDOJE
Authors: Stravinskaitė Dovilė , Gedrimė Lina , Kutkauskienė Jelena , Fatkulina Natalja
Published: April 2021

Slaugytojai, studijuodami išplėstinės praktikos slaugą, susiduria su profesine resocializacija, o profesijos naujumas kelia didelius iššūkius ir reikalauja nuolatinio tobulinimo naujo vaidmens kūrimo, įgyvendinimo ir vertinimo procese. Prieš integruojant išplėstinės praktikos anestezijos intensyviosios terapijos slaugytojo (IPAITS) vaidmenį į komandinį darbą, svarbu paruošti stiprius klinikinius specialistus, kurie turėtų gilesnių žinių, aiškiai žinotų savo teises, pareigas, kompetenciją ir atsakomybę, gebėtų dirbti dinamiškoje aplinkoje bei turėtų tvirtą klinicisto požiūrį. Tikslas – atliekant sisteminę literatūros analizę, apžvelgti išplėstinės praktikos anestezijos intensyviosios terapijos slaugytojo integravimą į ūminės priežiūros komandas.

Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Mokslinių straipsnių paieška vyko Medline, Google Scholar duomenų bazėse ir eLABa bei Cochrane talpyklose, naudojantis Vilniaus universiteto prieiga. Analizuojami straipsniai buvo skirstomi į tris pogrupius pagal išsikeltus uždavinius. 1. Reanimacijos intensyviosios terapijos skyriuje (RITS) IPAITS komandos darbą papildo teikdamas į pacientą orientuotą, mokslu grįstą medicininę priežiūrą pacientams, taip užtikrindamas geresnę sveikatos priežiūros kokybę ir sumažindamas darbo krūvį kitiems komandos nariams. Operacinėse (OP) IPAITS gali padidinti darbo našumą, dirbdamas savarankiškai pagal gydytojo anesteziologo reanimatologo sudarytą anestezijos planą, gydytojui prižiūrint. 2. Veiksniai, trukdantys sklandžiai integruoti IPAITS į RITS ir OP komandas. 3. Išplėstinės praktikos anestezijos ir intensyviosios terapijos slaugytojo bendradarbiavimo galimybės.

Rezultatai. IPAITS vaidmuo RITS ir OP komandose formuojasi atsižvelgiant į kvalifikacinius komandos narių laipsnius, vidaus dokumentuose aprašytas pareigybes ir funkcijas bei komandos susitarimus. Siekiant sėkmingai integruoti IPAITS specialistą, pagrindinės problemos kyla dėl profesinio pasitikėjimo trūkumo, prasto IPAITS vaidmens išgryninimo, skirtingų išsilavinimo reikalavimų bei slaugytojų nomenklatūros skirtumų tarptautiniu mastu. Pastebėta, kad tarpprofesinio bendradarbiavimo galimybės yra palankesnės esant pozityviam komandos narių požiūriui.
DIDELIŲ DOZIŲ C, D VITAMINŲ IR CINKO NAUDA, GYDANT COVID-19 SERGANČIUS PACIENTUS
Authors: Žiogaitė Raimonda , Misevičiūtė Goda , Šimonytė Lina , Macas Andrius
Published: April 2021

SARS-CoV-2 yra koronavirusų šeimos virusas, neretai sukeliantis įvairius viršutinių ir apatinių kvėpavimo takų simptomus, sunkesniais atvejais ir ūmų respiracinio distreso sindromą (ŪRDS) ar kvėpavimo nepakankamumą, bei lemiantis mirtiną COVID-19 ligos eigą. Sunkiai nusakomas viruso plitimas ir ligos eiga lėmė efektyvių gydymo metodų paiešką. Šiuo metu didelis dėmesys skiriamas C ir D vitaminų bei cinko (Zn) skyrimui COVID-19 liga sergantiems pacientams. Straipsnyje analizuojama mokslinė literatūra, kurioje apžvelgiama C, D vitaminų bei Zn nauda sunkia ligos forma sergantiems asmenims. Literatūros šaltinių paieška atlikta kompiuterinėse bibliografinėse mokslinių darbų bazėse, naudojant raktinius žodžius ir jų derinius: COVID–19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, vitamin C, vitamin D ar Zinc. Analizė parodė, jog šių mikroelementų skyrimas gali palengvinti ligos simptomus, eigą, sutrumpinti dirbtinės plaučių ventiliacijos poreikį ar hospitalizacijos trukmę, sumažinti komplikacijų riziką COVID-19 liga sergantiems asmenims.
ŠIRDIES AMILOIDOZĖ: TIPAI, EPIDEMIOLOGIJA, ETIOPATOGENEZĖ, LIGOS EIGA IR IŠTYRIMAS. PAPILDOMI DIAGNOSTINIAI TYRIMAI, JŲ YPATUMAI IR PROGNOZĖ
Authors: Rėkus Algirdas , Rėkutė Rugilė , Rėkus Edmantas
Published: April 2021

Širdis, kaip ir bet kuris kūno organas, yra jautrus amiloido kaupimuisi. Nors amiloidozę gali sukelti daugiau nei 30 baltymų rūšių, kliniškai reikšmingos dvi rūšys: lengvųjų grandžių ir transtiretino amiloidozė. Amiloidinė kardiomiopatija paprastai yra pagrindinis ligos baigtį lemiantis veiksnys, o diagnozuoti širdinę amiloidozę dažnai nepakanka įrodymų dėl nespecifinių simptomų ir požymių subklinikinėje stadijoje. Širdies amiloidozės diagnozė dažniausiai patvirtinama atliekant endomiokardo biopsiją, tačiau invazinis būdas susijęs su didesne komplikacijų rizika, todėl ne visada gali būti taikomas klinikinėje praktikoje. Neseniai atsiradus novatoriškiems širdies amiloidozės įvertinimo metodams, neinvaziniai metodai tampa vis svarbesni, ypač siekiant nustatyti ankstyvą diagnozę, tipą, prognozę ir gydymą. Šia literatūros apžvalga siekiama įvertinti naujausius neinvazinius metodus širdies amiloidozei nustatyti, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant ligos eigai ir radiologinei diagnostikai.
Aprendizaje ubicuo como metodología emergente en la formación de docentes
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de Sevilla., Corujo Vélez Mª del Carmen , Vargas Vergara Montserrat ,   Universidad de Cádiz
Published: April 2021

Desde la experiencia docente se ha apreciado que las competencias de los estudiantes universitarios en el uso de dispositivos móviles, puede que sean óptimas para una actividad lúdica, pero dista mucho de ser la esperada con fines formativos, de desarrollo y como recurso didáctico. El capítulo parte de esta preocupación ya que su desarrollo profesional se va a producir en una Escuela 2.0, y por ello se han desarrollado diferentes procedimientos para integrar el aprendizaje móvil en las aulas universitarias. Los objetivos son conocer las tecnologías que utilizan los estudiantes habitualmente, identificar el tiempo de conexión a la red, y su disponibilidad; descubrir si se producen cambios en su modo de utilizar las tecnologías como recurso educativo, tras su formación y recoger sus percepciones como futuros profesores sobre el uso del móvil. Se trata de una investigación mixta, con un diseño exploratorio y no experimental (Ex Post-Facto), que, mediante el uso de dos instrumentos, cuantitativo (cuestionario) y cualitativo (foro), en el que han participado 194 estudiantes del Máster Universitario en Profesorado en Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas (MAES) en la Universidad de Cádiz, se analizan los resultados utilizando SPSS y análisis documental. Los resultados muestran un alto uso de dispositivos electrónicos (ordenador portátil, teléfono inteligente, reproductor de música y memorias USB por encima del 75%, mientras que las tablest o los E-books, tienen un uso menor al 30%), sólo el 8,7% no suele conectarse a la red diariamente. Respecto a la valoración de las actividades formativas mediante el uso de tecnologías, el 82,4% creen que han facilitado su trabajo porque dominaban las herramientas, pero casi un 15% lo considera complicado o una inversión de tiempo añadida. Por último, destacar que el uso del foro no fue la esperada, ya algunos estudiantes no lo saben utilizar adecuadamente, a pesar de haber recibido instrucciones sobre su uso. Es necesario seguir trabajando para transformar a nuestros estudiantes en “residentes digitales” e incorporar el aprendizaje ubicuo en un modelo de aprendizaje profundo y no superficial, que es el que utilizan generalmente con el móvil.