bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Record of the Family Hahniidae in Ecuador with Description of Thirteen New Species and Three New Genera (Araneae: Hahniidae)
Authors: Dupérré Nadine , Tapia Elicio
Published: January 2024

The Nearctic family Hahniidae is seldom found in South America; only 20 species occur on the continent. Herein, we present the first record of the family in mainland Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species in five different genera. In Amaloxenops: A. minimalista n. sp. (female); in Kasha n. gen.: Kasha patpa n. sp. (male, female); in Neohahnia: Neohahnia catleyi (female) n. sp., N. piemontana n. sp. (male, female), N. pristirana n. sp. (male, female), N. freibergi n. sp. (male, female), N. paramo n. sp. (male, female), and N. chalupas n. sp. (male); in Paramito n. gen.: Paramito papallacta n. sp. and P. oyacachi n. sp.; and in Pristirana n. gen.: Pristirana barthlotti n. sp. (male, female), P. niederi n. sp. (female), and P. nowickii n. sp. (male, female). Distribution maps are presented for all species, as well as a key to the South American Hahniidae genera.
Measures of Distance in Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Gusin Pawel , Burys Daniel , Radosz Andrzej
Published: January 2024

Combining gravity with quantum theory is still a work in progress. On the one hand, classical gravity is the geometry of space-time determined by the energy–momentum tensor of matter and the resulting nonlinear equations; on the other hand, the mathematical description of a quantum system is Hilbert space with linear equations describing evolution. In this paper, various measures in Hilbert space will be presented. In general, distance measures in Hilbert space can be divided into measures determined by energy and measures determined by entropy. Entropy measures determine quasi-distance because they do not satisfy all the axioms defining distance. Finding a general rule to determine such a measure unambiguously seems to be fundamental.
Tachyon Condensation in a Chromomagnetic Center Vortex Background
Authors: Bordag Michael
Published: January 2024

The chromomagnetic vacuum of SU(2) gluodynamics is considered in the background of a finite radius flux tube (center vortex) with a homogeneous field inside and a zero field outside. In this background, there are tachyonic modes. These modes cause an instability. It is assumed that the self-interaction of these modes stops the creation of gluons, and it is assumed that a condensate will be formed. For constant condensates, the minimum of the effective potential is found at the tree level. In the background of these condensates, all tachyonic modes acquire non-zero real masses, which will result in a real effective potential of this system. Considering only the tachyonic modes and adding the energy of the background field, the total energy is found to have a minimum at some value of the background field, which depends on the coupling of the initial SU(2) model. For small coupling, this dependence is polynomial in distinction from the Savvidy vacuum where it is exponentially suppressed. The minimum of this energy will deepen with a shrinking radius of the flux tube. It can be expected that this process can be stopped by adding quantum effects. Using the high-temperature expansion of the effective potential, it can be expected that the symmetry, which is broken by the condensate, will be restored at sufficiently high temperatures.
Inactivation of Human Norovirus GII.4’s Infectivity in Fresh Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) through Thermal Treatment in Association with Propidium Monoazide
Authors: Kim So Hee , Roy Pantu Kumar , Jeon Eun Bi , Kim Jin-Soo , Heu Min Soo , Lee Jung-Suck , Park Shin Young
Published: January 2024

The current study investigated the effects of heat treatment (85 °C or 100 °C for 5–20 min) on human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.4’s capsid stability in fresh oysters. In addition, propidium monoazide (PMA) was used in viral samples to distinguish infectious viruses and evaluated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Further, we explored the effect of the heat treatment on oyster quality (Hunter color and hardness). The titer of HuNoV for oysters significantly (p < 0.05) decreased to 0.39–1.32 and 0.93–2.27 log10 copy number/μL in the non-PMA and PMA-treated groups, respectively, after heat treatment. HuNoV in oysters not treated with PMA showed a decrease of <1.5 − log10, whereas in PMA-treated oysters, a decrease of >1 − log10 was observed after treatment at 85 °C for 10 min. Treatments for both 15 min and 20 min at 100 °C showed a >99% log10 reduction using PMA/RT-qPCR. In the Hunter color, an increase in heat temperature and duration was associated with a significant decrease in ‘L’ (brightness+, darkness−) and an increase in ‘a’ (redness+, greenness−) and ‘b’ (yellowness+, blueness−) (p < 0.05). Our findings confirmed that the hardness of oyster meat significantly increased with increasing temperature and time (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that PMA/RT-qPCR was effective in distinguishing HuNoV viability in heat-treated oysters. The optimal heat treatment for oysters was 10 min at 85 °C and 5 min at 100 °C.
Exploring Paxlovid Efficacy in COVID-19 Patients with MAFLD: Insights from a Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Buchynskyi Mykhailo , Oksenych Valentyn , Kamyshna Iryna , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the intricate interplay between Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and COVID-19, exploring the impact of MAFLD on disease severity, outcomes, and the efficacy of the antiviral agent Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir). MAFLD, affecting a quarter of the global population, emerges as a potential risk factor for severe COVID-19, yet the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. This study focuses on the clinical significance of Paxlovid, the first orally bioavailable antiviral agent granted Emergency Use Authorization in the United States. Notably, outcomes from phase II/III trials exhibit an 88% relative risk reduction in COVID-19-associated hospitalization or mortality among high-risk patients. Despite conflicting data on the association between MAFLD and COVID-19 severity, this research strives to bridge the gap by evaluating the effectiveness of Paxlovid in MAFLD patients with COVID-19, addressing the scarcity of relevant studies.
Mathematical Optimization Strategy for Effectiveness Profile Estimation in Two-Dose Vaccines and Its Use in Designing Improved Vaccination Strategies Focused on Pandemic Containment
Authors: González-Sánchez Óscar A. , Zaldívar Daniel , Cuevas Erik , González-Ortiz L. Javier
Published: January 2024

Since late 2019, most efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic have focused on developing vaccines. By mid-2020, some vaccines fulfilled international regulations for their application. However, these vaccines have shown a decline in effectiveness several weeks after the last dose, highlighting the need to optimize vaccine administration due to supply chain limitations. While methods exist to prioritize population groups for vaccination, there is a lack of research on how to optimally define the time between doses when two-dose vaccines are administrated to such groups. Under such conditions, modeling the real effect of each vaccine on the population is critical. Even though several efforts have been made to characterize vaccine effectiveness profiles, none of these initiatives enable characterization of the individual effect of each dose. Thus, this paper presents a novel methodology for estimating the vaccine effectiveness profile. It addresses the vaccine characterization problem by considering a deconvolution of relevant data profiles, treating them as an optimization process. The results of this approach enabled the independent estimation of the effectiveness profiles for the first and second vaccine doses and their use to find sweet spots for designing efficient vaccination strategies. Our methodology can enable a more effective and efficient contemporary response against the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as for any other disease in the future.
Collision Risk in Autonomous Vehicles: Classification, Challenges, and Open Research Areas
Authors: Goudarzi Pejman , Hassanzadeh Bardia
Published: January 2024

When car following is controlled by human drivers (i.e., by their behavior), the traffic system does not meet stability conditions. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of self-driving vehicles, an additional hazard warning system should be incorporated into the adaptive control system in order to prevent any possible unavoidable collisions. The time to contact is a reasonable indicator of potential collisions. This research examines systems and solutions developed in this field to determine collision times and uses various alarms in self-driving cars that prevent collisions with obstacles. In the proposed analysis, we have tried to classify the various techniques and methods, including image processing, machine learning, deep learning, sensors, and so on, based on the solutions we have investigated. Challenges, future research directions, and open problems in this important field are also highlighted in the paper.
Assessing the Benthic Ecological Quality in the Intertidal Zone of Cheonsu Bay, Korea, Using Multiple Biotic Indices
Authors: Liang Jian , Ma Chae-Woo , Kim Seon-Kyu , Park Sang-Hyeok
Published: January 2024

With the growing global focus on marine environmental conservation and management, it is imperative to evaluate the ecological quality of marine ecosystems accurately. In this study, we employed seven biotic indices, namely the AZTI marine biotic index (AMBI), BENTIX, benthic opportunistic polychaetes amphipods index (BOPA), benthic pollution index (BPI), multivariate AZTI marine biotic index (M-AMBI), abundance biomass comparison (W-value), and Shannon diversity index (H’), to assess the benthic ecological quality in the intertidal zone of Cheonsu Bay, South Korea. Except for the H’ and W-value, the indices (AMBI, BENTIX, BOPA, BPI, and M-AMBI) suggest that the ecological quality at most stations in the intertidal zone of Cheonsu Bay was acceptable. Furthermore, the influx of a large amount of eutrophic freshwater has impacted the intertidal zone of Cheonsu Bay, but the applicability of the seven biotic indices requires further investigation.
Potential Dam Breach Flood Assessment with the 2D Diffusion and Full Dynamic Wave Equations Using a Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System
Authors: Pandey Binaya Raj , Knoblauch Helmut , Zenz Gerald
Published: January 2024

Dam breaches have catastrophic consequences, causing severe property damage, life loss, and environmental impact. The potential dam breach downstream flooding of the Kulekhani reservoir, Nepal, was studied using a 2D Diffusion Wave Equation (DWE) and Full Dynamic Wave Equation (FDWE) through an open-source solver, Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). The suitable dam breach model was identified based on the dam geometry and sixteen historical dam failure cases. The simulated downstream peak was tested with an empirical relation, considering reservoir volume and duration of failure. Model comparisons through the flood plain mapping of water depth, flow velocity, flood intensity as per guidelines of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), and arrival time were carried out for flood hazard assessment. FDWE was able to capture the physical flow phenomena in the river bend resulting in higher flow velocity at the outer bend, lower velocity at the inner bend, and formation of eddies due to the application of the turbulence model, considering possible momentum losses, whereas DWE was unable to capture these effects due to a simplified momentum equation. The total area of flood extension was found to be increased by 30% using FDWE than the DWE due to higher water surface elevation. Most of the towns along the Kulekhani River were classified as “Very High” intensity flood regions according to ASCE, due to the V-shape valley. The peak time difference at the Bagmati River confluence was evaluated between the models. This plays an important role in decision-making for the selection of the flood model to make a safe evacuation plan. The application of FDWE was found to be suitable for the rapidly varying unsteady flow in the steep meandering river.
Groundwater Quality Assessment in the Area of the Zinc Smelter in Miasteczko Śląskie (Poland) Using Selected Metal Indices
Authors: Witkowski Andrzej J. , Dąbrowska Dominika , Wróbel Jacek
Published: January 2024

Groundwater quality assessment in the region of potential pollution sources can be performed through the use of index-based methods. The aim of this paper was to present the results of the groundwater quality assessment in the region of the zinc smelter in Miasteczko Śląskie (southern Poland) for the Quaternary aquifer based on monitoring data from 2000, 2011, and 2022. The following parameters were used in the analysis: Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Three indices were calculated, i.e., the landfill water pollution index (LWPI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and metal index (MI). The values of the indicators suggest that in the described study area, there are waters that are under the strong influence of the zinc smelter infrastructure and landfills. The highest values obtained are about 17 for LWPI, about 66 for HPI, and about 133 for MI. These values indicate significant anthropogenic pollution of the groundwater of the Quaternary aquifer in the study area. Taking into account the values obtained for all three indices, it can be concluded that the HPI indicator is the least reliable due to the need to select two limit values (background and ideal content in waters for each of the parameters), which would suggest that in some cases, waters are not very contaminated. The other two indices show similarities (mainly in their spatial distribution), and only the choice of parameters determines which of the indices should be used. A comparison of the results of local groundwater quality monitoring with the results of the calculated indices indicate that the values of the calculated MI indices are closest to the actual water quality status.
Dominance of Diarrheagenic E. coli Virulent Types in Integrated Crop–Livestock Farms and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns
Authors: Aditya Arpita , Julianingsih Dita , Tabashsum Zajeba , Alvarado-Martinez Zabdiel , Tung Chuan-Wei , Wall Matthew , Biswas Debabrata
Published: January 2024

Microbial ecology on integrated crop–livestock farms (ICLFs) can impact food safety through pathogen transfer between animals and crops. Recent reports of pathogen-contaminated products sold in local organic retail, roadside, and farmers markets highlight the need for assessment of the ecological patterns of bacterial pathogens. This study investigated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of the virulent type of diarrheagenic E. coli in ICLFs. Over two years, 2973 samples from ICLFs and markets in Maryland and Washington DC were analyzed. Diarrheagenic E. coli was found in 4.30% (128/2973) of collected samples, with a higher isolation rate in environmental (4.42%, 59/1332) and produce (4.20%, 69/1641) samples. Overall, livestock bedding materials had the highest prevalence (8.51%, 4/47). Post-harvest produce exhibited a lower contamination rate of 1.32% (10/756), whereas pre-harvest produce had a higher incidence with 6.67% contamination (59/885), indicating the presence of E. coli. Alarmingly, 92.30% (72/78) of pathogenic E. coli isolates were resistant to common antibiotics. The findings highlight potential risks associated with integrated farming practices and emphasize the importance of safe harvesting and post-harvesting measures, particularly in the context of the growing popularity of local integrated farming. Implementing precautions at on-farm and market levels is crucial to mitigate the risk of antibiotic-resistant E. coli-related enteric illnesses, safeguarding both consumers and the integrity of integrated farming systems.
Desarrollo del modelo TPACK en la educación superior
Authors: Mucha Bonifacio Hever Crisólogo , Guerrero Escobar Kelly Karem , Carpio Mendoza Janet
Published: January 2024

La necesidad por optimizar el aprendizaje en la educación superior ha llevado a integrar recursos tecnológicos para así implementar los conocimientos de los estudiantes. Por ello, objetivo del estudio fue identificar el desarrollo del modelo TPACK en la educación superior, describiendo los principales aportes que se dan en los diferentes contextos educativos. Es así que se aplicó la metodología de la revisión sistemática de fuentes entre el 2020 al 2022, se encontraron 90 estudios, previo a criterios fueron seleccionados 10 artículos. La búsqueda se hizo usando descriptores como “modelo TPACK, “tecnología pedagógica”, “conocimiento digital”, “educación superior”. Estos estudios fueron tomados bases de datos como Exlibris, ProQuest y EBSCO Host. Como conclusión se tuvo que a través del modelo TPACK se potencializan las áreas de las habilidades tecnológicas, los contenidos metodológicos y los conocimientos del área que se enseña. La relevancia se da en la resolución de problemas por medio de la motivación y dinamización del aprendizaje.
Underwater Robots and Key Technologies for Operation Control
Authors: Sun Linxiang , Wang Yu , Hui Xiaolong , Ma Xibo , Bai Xuejian , Tan Min
Published: January 2024

Over time, the utilization of the Underwater Vehicle-Manipulator System (UVMS) has steadily increased in exploring and harnessing marine resources. However, the underwater environment poses big challenges for controlling, navigating, and communicating with UVMS. These challenges have not only spurred the continuous advancement of related technologies, but also made the development of the UVMS even more captivating. This article firstly provides a review of development status of the UVMS and discusses the current limitations and future directions, and then reviews in detail the dynamic and hydrodynamic modeling methods, and analyzes the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of various approaches. Then, we try to review 2 key technologies of operation control methods, including underwater positioning and navigation technologies and vehicle-manipulator coordinated control approaches. Finally, a reasonable prospect for the future development of UVMS is given.
Hybrid Directed Hypergraph Learning and Forecasting of Skeleton-Based Human Poses
Authors: Cui Qiongjie , Ding Zongyuan , Chen Fuhua
Published: January 2024

Forecasting 3-dimensional skeleton-based human poses from the historical sequence is a classic task, which shows enormous potential in robotics, computer vision, and graphics. Currently, the state-of-the-art methods resort to graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to access the relationships of human joint pairs to formulate this problem. However, human action involves complex interactions among multiple joints, which presents a higher-order correlation overstepping the pairwise (2-order) connection of GCNs. Moreover, joints are typically activated by the parent joint, rather than driving their parent joints, whereas in existing methods, this specific direction of information transmission is ignored. In this work, we propose a novel hybrid directed hypergraph convolution network (H-DHGCN) to model the high-order relationships of the human skeleton with directionality. Specifically, our H-DHGCN mainly involves 2 core components. One is the static directed hypergraph, which is pre-defined according to the human body structure, to effectively leverage the natural relations of human joints. The second is dynamic directed hypergraph (D-DHG). D-DHG is learnable and can be constructed adaptively, to learn the unique characteristics of the motion sequence. In contrast to the typical GCNs, our method brings a richer and more refined topological representation of skeleton data. On several large-scale benchmarks, experimental results show that the proposed model consistently surpasses the latest techniques.
Continuous Kalman Estimation Method for Finger Kinematics Tracking from Surface Electromyography
Authors: Zhang Haoshi , Peng Boxing , Tian Lan , Samuel Oluwarotimi Williams , Li Guanglin
Published: January 2024

Deciphering hand motion intention from surface electromyography (sEMG) encounters challenges posed by the requisites of multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs) and adaptability. Unlike discrete action classification grounded in pattern recognition, the pursuit of continuous kinematics estimation is appreciated for its inherent naturalness and intuitiveness. However, prevailing estimation techniques contend with accuracy limitations and substantial computational demands. Kalman estimation technology, celebrated for its ease of implementation and real-time adaptability, finds extensive application across diverse domains. This study introduces a continuous Kalman estimation method, leveraging a system model with sEMG and joint angles as inputs and outputs. Facilitated by model parameter training methods, the approach deduces multiple DOF finger kinematics simultaneously. The method’s efficacy is validated using a publicly accessible database, yielding a correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.73. With over 45,000 windows for training Kalman model parameters, the average computation time remains under 0.01 s. This pilot study amplifies its potential for further exploration and application within the realm of continuous finger motion estimation technology.
Recent Advances and Perspectives of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Alkali-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Tao , Xu Xijun , Yang Yan , Fan Weizhen , Wu Yanxue , Ji Shaomin , Zhao Jingwei , Liu Jun , Huo Yanping
Published: January 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a novel class of crystalline porous materials constructed by covalent bonds, possess ordered porous structures via thermodynamically controlled polymerization reactions. Because of their structurally diverse, regular pore structures, high surface area, and thermal stability can be functionally tailored through different synthetic methods to meet the needs of various applications including for secondary batteries. This review summarized recent efforts that have been devoted to designing and synthesizing COF-based materials for battery applications, including electrode materials, electrolytes, and separators. Unique characteristics of COFs allow for the rational design of targeted functions, suppression of side reactions, and promotion of ion transport for batteries. This review clarified recent research progress on COF materials for lithium-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries and so on. This review pointed out the structure and chemical properties of COFs, as well as new strategies to improve battery performance. Furthermore, we concluded the major challenges and future trends of COF materials in electrochemical applications. It is hoped that this review will provide meaningful guidance for the development of COFs for alkali-ion batteries.
Data Augmentation-Based Estimation of Solar Radiation Components without Referring to Local Ground Truth in China
Authors: Shao Changkun , Yang Kun , Jiang Yaozhi , He Yanyi , Tang Wenjun , Lu Hui , Luo Yong
Published: January 2024

The power generation of bifacial photovoltaic modules is greatly related to the diffuse solar radiation component received by the rear side, but radiation component data are scarce in China, where bifacial solar market is large. Radiation components can be estimated from satellite data, but sufficient ground truth data are needed for calibrating empirical methods or training machine learning methods. In this work, a data-augmented machine learning method was proposed to estimate radiation components. Instead of using observed ground truth, far more abundant radiation component data derived from sunshine duration measured at 2,453 routine weather stations in China were used to augment samples for training a machine-learning-based model. The inputs of the model include solar radiation (either from ground observation or satellite remote sensing) and surface meteorological data. Independent validation of the model at Chinese stations and globally distributed stations demonstrates its effectiveness and generality. Using a state-of-the-art satellite product of solar radiation as input, the model is applied to construct a satellite-based radiation component dataset over China. The new dataset not only outperforms mainstream radiation component datasets, but also has significantly higher accuracy than satellite-based datasets derived from other machine learning methods trained with limited observations, indicating the superiority of our data-augmented method. In principle, this model can be applied on the global scale without additional training with local data.
Strain Engineering and Halogen Compensation of Buried Interface in Polycrystalline Halide Perovskites
Authors: Zhou Bin , Shang Chuanzhen , Wang Chenyun , Qu Duo , Qiao Jingyuan , Zhang Xinyue , Zhao Wenying , Han Ruilin , Dong Shuxin , Xue Yuhe , Ke You , Ye Fengjun , Yang Xiaoyu , Tu Yongguang , Huang Wei
Published: January 2024

Inverted perovskite solar cells based on weakly polarized hole-transporting layers suffer from the problem of polarity mismatch with the perovskite precursor solution, resulting in a nonideal wetting surface. In addition to the bottom-up growth of the polycrystalline halide perovskite, this will inevitably worse the effects of residual strain and heterogeneity at the buried interface on the interfacial carrier transport and localized compositional deficiency. Here, we propose a multifunctional hybrid pre-embedding strategy to improve substrate wettability and address unfavorable strain and heterogeneities. By exposing the buried interface, it was found that the residual strain of the perovskite films was markedly reduced because of the presence of organic polyelectrolyte and imidazolium salt, which not only realized the halogen compensation and the coordination of Pb
2+
but also the buried interface morphology and defect recombination that were well regulated. Benefitting from the above advantages, the power conversion efficiency of the targeted inverted devices with a bandgap of 1.62 eV was 21.93% and outstanding intrinsic stability. In addition, this coembedding strategy can be extended to devices with a bandgap of 1.55 eV, and the champion device achieved a power conversion efficiency of 23.74%. In addition, the optimized perovskite solar cells retained 91% of their initial efficiency (960 h) when exposed to an ambient relative humidity of 20%, with a T80 of 680 h under heating aging at 65 °C, exhibiting elevated durability.
Aggregation Regulated Ultrafast Singlet Fission Pathways in TIPS-Pentacene Films
Authors: Huang Guang , Li Junzi , Zhou Zilin , Huang Zongtao , Kong Wei , Zhang Fangteng , Zeng Youjun , Liu Guanyu , He Tingchao , Ma Lin
Published: January 2024

Singlet fission (SF) is a spin-conserving process converting 1 singlet exciton into 2 triplet excitons. This exciton multiplication mechanism offers an attractive route to solar cells that circumvent the single-junction Shockley–Queisser limit. However, it remains unclear how intermolecular coupling, which is subject to the aggregation extent in thin-film morphology, controls SF pathways and dynamics. The prototype molecule 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) has been extensively studied to investigate SF mechanisms. However, previous literature reports have presented divergent SF mechanisms and pathways in TIPS-pentacene films. In this study, solvent vapor annealing treatment is used to deliberately adjust the aggregation extent in TIPS-pentacene films. This enables us to reproduce various SF pathways reported in the literature under the same experimental conditions, with the only variation being the level of aggregation. These results shed light on the crucial role that molecular aggregation plays in modulating both the SF mechanism and pathway and reconciles the previously contentious SF mechanisms and pathways reported in TIPS-pentacene films. Our study offers substantial insights into the understanding of the SF mechanism and provides a potential avenue for future control of SF pathways in accordance with specific application requirements.
Ultrafast, Single-Event Ptychographic Imaging of Transient Electron Dynamics
Authors: Barolak Jonathan , Goldberger David , Ivanic Bojana , Schmidt David , Schrama Claudia A. M. , Durfee Charles G. , Adams Daniel E.
Published: January 2024

Dynamic phenomena occurring on the ultrafast time scales are inherently difficult to image. While pump–probe techniques have been used for decades, probing nonrepeatable phenomena precludes this form of imaging. Additionally, many ultrafast phenomena, such as electron dynamics, exhibit low amplitude contrast in the optical wavelength range and thus require quantitative phase imaging. To better understand the underlying physics involved in a plethora of ultrafast phenomena, advanced imaging techniques must be developed to observe single events at an ultrafast time scale. Here, we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first ptychographic imaging system capable of observing ultrafast dynamics from a single event. We demonstrate ultrafast dynamic imaging by observing the conduction band electron population from a 2-photon absorption event in ZnSe pumped by a single femtosecond pulse. We verify experimental observations by comparing them to numeric solutions of a nonlinear envelope equation. Our imaging method represents a major step forward in ultrafast imaging, bringing the capabilities of ptychography to the ultrafast regime.
Григорій Сковорода і Йоганн Готліб Фіхте: освіта, самопізнання і наука у контекстах життєтворчості
Authors: Култаєва М. Д.
Published: January 2024

Розгляд філософсько-освітніх розвідок Григорія Сковороди і Йоганна
Готліба Фіхте у площині порівняльного аналізу продиктовано не тільки
прагненням ушанувати обох ювілярів з нагоди так званих круглих дат
з дня їхнього народження, бо Фіхте, на 40 років молодший за Сковороду,
фактично залишився поза увагою українських істориків філософії
та педагогіки, які зосередились на шляхетному завданні актуалізації доробку
нашого співвітчизника. Але співставлення поглядів обох мислителів
на людину, її освіту і виховання, як буде показано нижче, може прояснити
деякі сучасні тенденції розвитку останніх у світі та Україні, що нібито
випадають з контекстів сьогодення.
Йдеться не тільки про проблеми пов’язані з опануванням культурних
технік читання і письма або підключення до мережі нових освітніх
комунікацій, а й передусім – про посилення впливу постсекулярних
світоглядних орієнтирів на стратегії і практики виховання, здатні мінімізувати
деформації, спричинені наслідками домінування культури зображення
в освітньому просторі постіндустріальної доби. Отже, досвід минулої
культурної історії України та Європи цілком вписується під рубрику
«пригадування майбутнього». ХVIII століття, яке прийнято називати
педагогічним, постійно надсилає нам сигнали, нібито намагаючись попередити
своїх нащадків про небезпеки прискореного руху на технологічно оновленій
Resistance to Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Kawasaki Disease: Risk Factors, Modern Approaches to Treatment
Authors: Галашевская А.А. , Почкайло А.С. , Лазарчик И.В.
Published: January 2024

Болезнь Кавасаки представляет собой острое лихорадочное заболевание неясной этиологии, диагностика которого затруднена даже при манифестации всех его внешних и достаточно ярких симптомов. Редкость встречаемости болезни Кавасаки, неизвестная до настоящего времени ее этиология, преобладание среди заболевших детей раннего возраста, необходимость применения высокодозового лечения внутривенным иммуноглобулином определяют множество клинических проблем, возникающих перед специалистом при ведении такого пациента. Многие из этих аспектов противоречивы и недостаточно исследованы. Резистентность к традиционному лечению внутривенным иммуноглобулином является одной из таких значимых клинических проблем. В статье представлен обзор современных представлений о факторах риска и подходах к прогнозированию резистентности к внутривенному иммуноглобулину у детей с болезнью Кавасаки, а также о принципах их дальнейшего ведения в реальной клинической практике.

Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness of unknown etiology, the diagnosis of which is difficult even with the manifestation of all its external and rather vivid symptoms. The rarity of the occurrence of Kawasaki disease, the etiology that has not been clarified so far, the prevalence of young children among sick children, the need to use high-dose treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin determine many clinical problems that a specialist faces when managing such a patient. Many of these aspects are controversial and not well researched. Resistance to traditional treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin is one such significant clinical problem. The article provides an overview of current ideas about risk factors and approaches to predicting resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin in children with Kawasaki disease, as well as the principles of their further management in real clinical practice.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing pada Materi Pokok Laju Reaksi untuk Siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA
Authors: Hakim.S Lukmanul , Sugiarti Sugiarti , Jusniar Jusniar
Published: January 2024

This study aims to describe and compare critical thinking skills of students based This research is research and development which aims to arrange and develop student worksheet for Senior High School grade XI based on guided inquiry based on KTSP that can be used as reference or alternative of media for teacher in chemistry instruction in the class and in the laboratory and it also can be used by students as addition of learning source and to know the properness of student worksheet based on guided inquiry. This research subject is students of class XI IPA2 SMA Negeri 2 Polewali in the amount of 32 people with details of 6 men and 26 women. The development of this student worksheet refers to developmental model of 4-D by Thiagarajan, et al that included define phase, design phase, and develop phase. Fourth phase is disseminate was not done. This student worksheet has already validated by validator and through limited try out, as well as revised many times by developer so that obtain valid, effective and practical result. This research showed that: (1) average score of students learning achievement is 81 from ideal score 100 with class completeness 81.25% or amount of 26 complete score students; (2) students activities in psychomotor and affective aspect showed positive tendency with each percentage for psychomotor is in high category is in the amount of 81.25% and in very high category is in the amount of 18.75% while for affective aspect has total average values percentage of whole affective scoring indicators is in the amount of 91% which is categorized very high; (3) commonly students gave positive responses toward used student worksheet with percentage that expressed very good, good, less good is in the amount of 37.50%, 59.38%, and 3.12% in a series, as are teachers responses which gave very positive responses totality with percentage 100% expressed very good with amount of teachers gave responses is 3 chemistry teachers.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery dengan Pendekatan Scientific Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X MS SMA Negeri 12 Bulukumba (Studi Pada Materi Pokok Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit)
Authors: Rostina Rostina , Hussain Halimah , Sugiarti Sugiarti
Published: January 2024

The research is a quasi-experimental that aimed to know the effect of discovery learning model by scientific approach toward student’s achievement in class X MS SMA Negeri 12 Bulukumba. The independent variable in this experiment was discovery learning model by scientific approach and the dependent variable was student’s achievement on electrolyte and non electrolyte solution subject matter. The population was class X MS SMA Negeri 12 Bulukumba that consisted of 140 students. Taking technique of sample was random sampling. The sample of this research consisted of two classes, namely class X MS2 as an experiment class with 26 students and class X MS3 as a control class with 25 students. The data of this research were gathered by testing the student’s achievement on electrolyte and non electrolyte solution subject matter. Data analysis technique was done by descriptive and inferential analysis. The hypothesis test by t-test was gathered tcalculated =2.68 more bigger than t(0.05;49)=2.00. Conclude that discovery learning model by scientific approach gives effected toward student’s achievement of class X MS SMA Negeri 12 Bulukumba on electrolyte and non electrolyte solution as subject matter.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Zooming Presentation dalam Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Parepare (Studi Pada Materi Pokok Ikatan Kimia)
Authors: U Umriana , Sulfikar Sulfikar , Sulfikar Sulfikar , Yunus Muh. , Yunus Muh.
Published: January 2024

The research is a quasi-experimental that aimed to know the effect of discovery learning model by scientific approach toward student’s achievement in class X MS SMA Negeri 12 Bulukumba. The independent variable in this experiment was discovery learning model by scientific approach and the dependent variable was student’s achievement on electrolyte and non electrolyte solution subject matter. The population was class X MS SMA Negeri 12 Bulukumba that consisted of 140 students. Taking technique of sample was random sampling. The sample of this research consisted of two classes, namely class X MS2 as an experiment class with 26 students and class X MS3 as a control class with 25 students. The data of this research were gathered by testing the student’s achievement on electrolyte and non electrolyte solution subject matter. Data analysis technique was done by descriptive and inferential analysis. The hypothesis test by t-test was gathered tcalculated =2.68 more bigger than t(0.05;49)=2.00. Conclude that discovery learning model by scientific approach gives effected toward student’s achievement of class X MS SMA Negeri 12 Bulukumba on electrolyte and non electrolyte solution as subject matter.
Using Machine Learning for Recognition of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Transcription Information
Authors: Vishniakou U. A. , Yu Chu Yue
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to perform analytical and prognostic studies on the recognition of Alzhei mer’s disease based on decoded text speech data using machine learning algorithms. The data used in this article is taken from the ADReSS 2020 Challenge program, which contains speech data from patients with Alzhei mer’s disease and healthy people. The problem under study is a binary classification problem. First, the full texts of the interviewees were extracted from the transcribed texts of the speech data. This was followed by training the model based on vectorized text features using a random forest classifier, in which the authors used the GridSearchCV method to optimize hyperparameters. The classification accuracy of the model reached 85.2 %.
Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Thermal Uncooled Bolometric Type Detector Based on Vanadium Oxide
Authors: Tran Van Trieu , Korsak K. V. , Novikov P. E. , Lovshenko I. Yu. , Zavadski S. M. , Golosov D. A. , Stepanov A. A. , Hubarevich A. А. , Kolos V. V. , Solovjov Ya. A. , Liauchuk D. S. , Stempitsky V. R.
Published: January 2024

Determination of optical, mechanical and electrical characteristics is one of the decisive factors in the design of instrumentation structures of thermal uncooled bolometer-type detectors (microbolometers). The paper presents the results of optimization calculations by means of computer simulation of absorption, transmittance and reflection spectra of device structures of microbolometers based on thermosensitive vanadium oxide film by finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD). The characteristics of the investigated microbolometer structure were checked for compliance with mechanical and electrical requirements for this class of devices.
Methodology for Assessing Lung Volumes Based on Recording the Biomechanics of Respiratory Movements
Authors: Revinskaya I. I. , Kamlach P. V.
Published: January 2024

The method for studying the biomechanics of breathing has been developed to determine the volume of inhaled and exhaled air. The technique is based on recording the movements of the walls of the chest and abdomen of a person during breathing. A video camera was used to record movements of the chest and abdominal walls, with a spirometer used as the reference method for measuring lung volumes. According to the proposed technique, studies were conducted among 63 people (age – 18–26 years, body mass index ranged from 18.1–32.6 kg/m2, height – 160–192 cm). Statistical processing of the results showed a strong relationship between the measured volu mes and the relative deviations of the walls of the human chest and abdomen. The developed technique for studying the biomechanics of breathing can be used for indirect assessment of lung volumes.
Ułuda racjonalności? O emocjonalnych postawach społecznego funkcjonowania człowieka
Authors: Kozłowski Tomasz
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the concept of rationality in sociological theory and attempts to identify its significance in the light of research in neurophysics, evolutionary, and neuronal psychology. The author proposes a thesis that the sociological concept of man and human nature and decision making processes which shape social behavior of individuals stand in sharp contrast with the concept of man offered by the most recent studies of human mind. The examples of that specific “backwardness” are the primacy of the role of “I” or the use of outdated terminology suggesting the discrepancy between the spheres of “reason” and “emotions”. The author proposes to abandon such divisions and to treat man not as a decision making center but as a homogenous structure adjusting its actions to the context, which is done primarily through emotions. Based on such assumptions the author suggests a direction in which sociological theory should go. Therefore it is crucial to consider emotional foundations of perception of reality and neuronal basis of social behavior (as necessary compliments of their socio-cultural aspects).
Osobny świat osobliwości
Authors: Wieczorkiewicz Anna
Published: January 2024

The article presents freak shows as a specific kind of social and cultural phenomenon which constitutes the effect of a cultural compilation of the significance of human diversity. Here the human oddity is understood to be a certain cultural category and also a specific role to be played on the stage of social life. The typical freak shows which took place at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century are recon structed. The issue of the creation of the identity of human oddities is then considered. The fundamental question is “what social and cultural points were being made during such shows?” The final part concentrates on the question of whether equivalents of them can be found today. In connection with this popular science films of a medical nature are analysed. Whatever pseudo-medical, politically correct narratives are woven round the motives for seeking the reasons for the deviations or their treatment and although the work towards the public acceptance of people with bodies which differ from the norm, they reveal clear signs of an ambivalent and abnormal fascination with the human body.
Ekstremalne metamorfozy — projekt idealnego człowieka i perfekcyjnego życia w ponowoczesnym świecie
Authors: Bogunia-Borowska Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

The extreme makeover culture is a consequence of global changes and a market appetite for ever greater profits. The question arises nevertheless, as to whether this is a culture which is tending to homogenize societal groups, their lifestyles, the manner in which they spend their free time, their way of eating, furnishing and decorating the interiors of their homes in accordance with the tastes of others — specialists. The extreme makeover culture can be treated as a culture of optimism, realizing the desire for freedom and equality. It can be treated as a culture of pessimism, condemning various spheres of human life to homogenization and the processes of aesthetics as dictated by the canons of the experts. The idea of the extreme makeover originated in the Unites States, where the maintenance of an appropriately attractive appearance and a youthful life style is a passport to obtaining a better job, and the good aesthetics of ones milieu is a cultural prerequisite. The first transmission of the TV-program Extreme Makeover was in 2002. It quickly became a media success, which initiated the production of spin-offs. The basic themes and construction of these programs are essentially identical, however there are some minor differences. The author recognizes and describes them.
A high-efficiency and wide-load current range LDO with dynamic loop gain control technique
Authors: Lo Yu-Lung , Chiu Yu-Chun , Lin Chia-Wei , Yang Wei-Bin
Published: January 2024

The design proposes a low-dropout regulator incorporating dynamic loop gain control to accommodate a wide load current range. It introduces a multi-phase error detection mechanism, a tri-state damping selector, and a dynamic integration shift register. These elements predict load variations and dynamically increase loop gain when the load variation is significant, all without increasing the input clock. This approach achieves a fast response and low power consumption simultaneously. The chip was implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS, with an input operating voltage of 1.2 V and an output voltage of 1 V. The measured results revealed that it could provide output currents from 0.5 to 150 mA, indicating that it had a 300 times wider current range. The maximum current efficiency was 99.93%, and the core area was 0.198 mm2.
Application of an overlay for spurious suppression of multi-layered surface acoustic wave resonators with double busbar configuration
Authors: He Yiwen , Yang Ying , Yang Zijiang , Wu Ting , Bao Jingfu , Hashimoto Ken-ya
Published: January 2024

This paper discusses the suppression of a spurious resonance called the gap mode which appears when the double busbar configuration is applied to multi-layered surface acoustic wave resonators. Two kinds of overlay structures are proposed for the gap mode mitigation. First, the use of lossy ones is studied. The results indicate that the lossy overlay can effectively mitigate the gap mode response when the viscosity is adequate. The layer thickness has a negligible impact on the mitigation. Then, the discussion is extended to the application of high-acoustic-velocity materials as the overlay. The resonance frequency of the gap mode can be moved to the upper-frequency side without affecting the main resonance by simply depositing a high-velocity overlay to the gap region. Finally, the comparison and choice of overlay materials are also studied. The results point out that Si3N4 is the optimum choice for industrial use.
Relation between quadrupole ultrasonic resonance and shear viscoelasticity of polymer droplets with different glass transition temperatures
Authors: Ishimoto Kenichiro , Tsuji Kazuto , Hiromoto Mayu , Leroy Valentin , Norisuye Tomohisa
Published: January 2024

When observing the ultrasonic signal transmitted through a suspension of particles dispersed in a liquid, a peak is observed in the frequency spectrum of the attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic energy. This peak mainly reflects shear elasticity, even though longitudinal ultrasound is used. Hence, the shear modulus of a single particle dispersed in a liquid can be obtained in a non-contact manner. In this study, we used ultrasound to analyze the process of polymer particle formation from an oil-in-water emulsion, in which a polymer solution containing an organic solvent is used as the oil phase, and the organic solvent is evaporated in water. Furthermore, the liquid-to-solid transition was quantified for microparticles consisting of various polymeric materials (liquid, rubber, and glass), and the relationship between the glass transition temperature, peak behavior of ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, and shear modulus was clarified.