bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAMEL MILK MODULATES LIPID METABOLISM, EXPRESSION OF ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS GENES AND PARAOXONASE ACTIVITY IN RATS FED HIGH CHOLESTEROL DIET
Authors: Alnahas A. A. , El-Bahr Sabry M. , Zabady M. K.
Published: February 2023

Current findings aimed to find out camel milk's effects on lipid metabolism, expression of the genes for antioxidant enzymes and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in rats fed diet-containing cholesterol 1%. Therefore, 30 rats were divided into three groups (10 rats per each). Rats of the first group, which acted as a control group, fed a basic diet. Rats of the second group fed a basal diet that included 1% cholesterol however, rats of the third group fed cholesterol 1% accompanied by oral administration of camel's milk (100mL/24h/cage/5 rats) as the only source of water for them. Diet of cholesterol 1% induced significant increase in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities whereas lower serum PON-1 activity was observed when compared to control. Diet of cholesterol 1% induced significant increase in hepatic Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) however, compared to the control, a significant decrease in the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were detected. These detrimental effects were ameliorated into accepted range in camel milk treated group. Fatty degeneration and fatty cysts in liver tissues were detected in rats fed cholesterol diet but the affected liver showed acceptable degree of recovery in camel milk treated group. Conclusively, camel milk was potential for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia in rats.
CARCASSES AND OFFAL CONDEMNATION AT KOM-ELNOUR ABATTOIR IN DAKAHLIA PROVINCE, EGYPT: MAJOR CAUSES AND ECONOMIC LOSS
Authors: A. Mahmoud Abdallah Fikry , Hafez Abd El-Salam E. , Shata Rania Helmy M. , Ghazaly Emad Ibrahim , El Bayomi Rasha M. , Ras Refaat Atef M. , Eissa Karima Abdallah , Abdel Rahman Mona Mohammed I.
Published: February 2023

An abattoir survey was conducted from October 2020 to September 2021 to identify the primary reasons for offal and carcass condemnation of slaughtered animals in Dakahlia province, Egypt, as well as to estimate their economic loss. During the survey, 643 animals (441 cattle, 178 buffalos, 19 camels, 4 sheep, and one goat) were submitted for antemortem and postmortem inspection. The results of both inspections were collected, analyzed, and the total economic loss was estimated by adding the condemnation of offal and carcasses over a twelve-month period. Retail prices for offal (liver, lung, heart, and tongue) and carcass prices per kg were obtained from local markets. Out of 643 animals slaughtered, 2 (0.31%) were totally condemned. In addition, postmortem inspection revealed that 217 (33.74%) livers, 158 (24.57%) lungs, 5 (0.78%) hearts, 14 (2.18%) heads, and 11(1.71%) tongues were condemned. Offal were condemned mainly due to pneumonia, fascioliasis, telangiectiasis, necrosis, and hydatidosis, whereas carcasses were rejected due to generalized tuberculosis. According to this study, the financial loss at the abattoir owing to carcass and organ condemnations was 244066 Egyptian Pounds over a twelve-month period (15746 USD). The incidence of meat rejection and subsequent financial loss was high compared to the amount of local revenue. The current study concluded that bacterial and parasitic diseases are still prevalent and cause significant economic damage in Dakahlia province, Egypt. This abattoir survey offered regional information on the principal reasons for carcass and organ condemnation in slaughtered animals, as well as an estimate of the direct economic consequences. Furthermore, the findings of the current work underlined the importance of developing an efficient monitoring system for meat condemnation and enforcing animal health strategies in Egypt.
AN ALTERNATIVE ANTIVIRAL THERAPY OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN BROILER CHICKENS: A CLINICAL STUDY OF METHANOLIC NEEM LEAVES EXTRACT
Authors: El Basuni Sawsan , Osman Mai , Soliman Reem , Magdy Yasmeen , Abdalla El-Hadary , Fathy Reda
Published: February 2023

Newcastle disease (ND) is an important viral disease that threatens the global poultry industry. The urgent need for a safe and effective antiviral alternative prompted us to evaluate neem methanolic leaf extract against Newcastle disease virus (NDv) in broilers. A total of Sixty Cobb chicks (day old) were allocated randomly into 4 equal groups; group A was a control negative, and group B was a control positive. Groups C and D received a methanolic neem leaf extract (MNLE) in drinking water for five days at 500 and 1000 µg/kg BW, respectively. At 25th days old, chicks in groups B, C and D were challenged via the oculonasal route with 0.2 ml of virulent NDv. The use of MNLE in groups C and D significantly reduced morbidity and mortality as well as the macroscopic and microscopic scoring lesions of all examined organs compared to the infected untreated group B. The high dose of MNLE (1000 µg/ kg BW; group D) was more efficient and significant in relieving the clinical and pathological abnormalities caused by ND challenge compared with the low dose (500 µg/ kg BW; group C). Moreover, positive effects of the herbal treatment on the experimentally ND-infected chickens were evidenced by reducing viral RNA concentrations in the oropharyngeal swabs at 3, 5, and 7 days post challenge and the infectivity titer of the virus isolated from the trachea, spleen, and cecal tonsils at 7 days post challenge. In conclusion, MNLE possesses potential antioxidant to have a power to control NDv shedding and infection. So, MNLE could be a source of inspiration for new alternative antivirals.
SQUAB AND QUAIL MEATS: MICROBIAL STATUS AND PREVALENCE OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING E. coli
Authors: Ma Jin-Kui , Alsayeqh Abdullah F. , El-Ghareeb Waleed Rizk , Elhelaly Abdelazim Elsayed , Seliem Marwa Magdy , Darwish Wageh Sobhy , Eissa Abdallah Karima Mohamed
Published: February 2023

The consumption of exotic meats, such as squab and quail meats, is common in many parts of the world. However, little is known about the safety of these foods. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial characteristics of squab and quail meats, with a particular interest in the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Meat samples were examined for total bacterial counts, total mold counts, most probable number of coliforms, total E. coli counts, and the prevalence of STEC. The presence of virulence genes (stx1, stx2, and eae) in STEC isolates was also investigated. Results from microbial analyses revealed poor hygienic status of squab and quail meats. E. coli was isolated from 16% and 10% of squab and quail meats, respectively. Six E. coli serotypes were recovered, including O26, O78, O111, O114, O119, and O127, and STEC genes were detected in all these isolates. Squab liver had the highest E. coli prevalence rates, followed by gizzard, heart, spleen, and breast muscles. The prevalence of E. coli in quail meat samples was similar across all tissues. STEC serotypes showed notable multidrug resistance profiles. We then used ascorbic and rosmarinic acids to increase the safety of breast muscle. Treatment of breast muscles with these acids significantly improved their microbial safety. These findings highlight the potential role of squab and quail meats as a vehicle for STEC transmission to humans, and the beneficial effect of treatment with ascorbic and rosmarinic acids on enhancing the safety of exotic meats.
Key words: food safety; shiga toxin; E. coli; squab; quails; meat
Жидкостные методы химической обработки поверхности HgCdTe
Authors: Закиров Е.Р. , Кеслер В.Г. , Сидоров Г.Ю. , Голяшов В.А. , Терещенко О.Е. , Марин Д.В. , Якушев М.В.
Published: February 2023

Предварительная химическая обработка и очистка поверхности является одной из ключевых операций в полупроводниковых технологиях. Развитие методов подготовки поверхности теллурида кадмия–ртути (КРТ, HgCdTe) является актуальной задачей в связи с широким спектром существующих и потенциальных применений этого материала в фотоэлектронике. С помощью методов РФЭС и АСМ в работе исследовалось влияние различных химических обработок на химический состав и микрорельеф поверхности HgCdTe. Среди всех рассмотренных травителей только водный аммиак эффективно удаляет собственный оксид КРТ, не оставляет поверхностного слоя металлического теллура, и обеспечивает близкий к стехиометрии химический состав поверхности. Предложено оптимальное время обработки в водном аммиаке.
Строение и цитотоксическая активность комплекса марганца(II) c 5-метилтетразолом и 4,7-диметил-1,10-фенантролином
Authors: Ермакова Е.А. , Голубева Ю.А. , Смирнова К.С. , Клюшова Л.С. , Лидер Е.В.
Published: February 2023

Синтезирован новый моноядерный комплекс марганца(II) с 5-метилтетразолом и 4,7-диметил-1,10-фенантролином, который охарактеризован физико-химическими методами анализа (элементный и рентгенофазовый анализ, ИК-спектроскопия). Рентгеноструктурный анализ показал, что координационное окружение атома марганца(II) можно описать как искаженный октаэдр. Методом оптической спектроскопии изучена стабильность комплекса в водном растворе и фосфатно-солевом буфере. Цитотоксическая активность полученного соединения изучена на клетках карциномы гортани человека (Hep-2) и неопухолевых фибробластах человека (MRC-5). Показано, что комплекс проявляет выраженные цитотоксические свойства в исследованном диапазоне концентраций: IC50 на раковой клеточной линии Hep-2 составляет 11,1 ± 0,4 мкМ и 0,63 ± 0,05 мкМ на клеточной линии MRC-5.
Особенности кристаллизации координационных соединений LiI-CrIII с анионами циклобутан-1,1-дикарбоновой кислоты
Authors: Бажина Е.С. , Шмелев М.А. , Кискин М.А. , Ерёменко И.Л.
Published: February 2023

Для получения гетерометаллических LiI-СrIII координационных соединений исследована реакция Cr(NO3)3·9H2O и Li2(cbdc) (получен реакцией нейтрализации LiOH·H2O и циклобутан-1,1-дикарбоновой кислоты (H2cbdc)), взятых в соотношении 1 : 3, в водном и метанольном растворах. Обнаружено, что синтез в водной среде и последующая кристаллизация реакционного раствора приводит к образованию с низким выходом (9%) кристаллов 2D-полимерного соединения {[CaLi6Cr4(OH)4(cbdc)8(H2O)16]·7H2O}n (1), формирующегося в результате протекания гидролиза карбоксилатного комплекса хрома(III) и внедрения в структуру ионов Ca2+, источником которых является примесь в исходном LiOH·H2O. Использование метанола в качестве растворителя в аналогичной реакции с последующим длительным выдерживанием ведет к формированию кристаллов соединения [Li5Cr(cbdc)4(H2O)5]n (2, выход 55%), 3D-полимерная структура которого содержит независимые фрагменты с пятью ионами Li+ и не содержит ионов Ca2+. Кристаллические структуры соединений 1 и 2 установлены методом монокристального РСА (CCDC № 2161744 (1), № 2161745 (2)).
Direito do mercado financeiro e de crédito
Authors: Pimenta Eduardo Goulart
Published: February 2023

O estudo do Direito Empresarial sempre passou, desde os tempos em que a disciplina era denominada Direito Comercial, pelo estudo dos Títulos de Crédito. Baseada na apresentação e análise das normas sobre a Letra de Câmbio, Nota Promissória, Cheque e Duplicatas, a matéria tornou-se, com o tempo, objeto de crescentes críticas, ao fundamento de que se desconectava da realidade das transações envolvendo o uso do crédito. É, de fato, inegável que os quatro modelos fundamentais sobre os quais a disciplina se apoiava caíram, em maior ou menor proporção, em desuso, o qual se aprofundou a partir da massificação das transações pela internet. Apesar disso, ainda é indispensável, para a boa compreensão da regulação jurídica das relações creditícias, o conhecimento de institutos como endosso, aval e protesto, os quais têm, ainda hoje, grande utilidade. Conciliar a necessária abordagem destes temas, ainda caros ao estudo da disciplina, com questões decorrentes, em sua maioria, da já aludida massificação das transações pela internet, foi o ambicioso objetivo deste trabalho. Desta forma, o texto procura apresentar e analisar institutos ligados à forma tradicional do tema e, em sequência, conciliá-los com questões atuais, como a disseminação de arranjos de pagamento, smart contracts, data science e financiamento participativo, entre outros. Neste caminho, a abordagem se divide em dois grandes eixos, sendo um deles dedicado ao estudo do fornecimento de crédito com patrimônio próprio e o outro referente ao fornecimento de crédito realizado a partir de dinheiro captado, pelo fornecedor, no mercado.
Enhancing Indonesian college students’ views of social responsibility of scientists and engineers: The enact model intervention
Authors: Erna Maria , Alimin Masnaini , Lee Hyunju , Suryawati Evi , Albeta Sri Wilda , Priyambada Gunadi
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ENACT model on promoting Indonesian college students’ views of social responsibility of scientists and engineers. The ENACT model emphasized the students’ epistemological understanding of science and technology using socio-scientific issue (SSI) approaches to enhance the social responsibility, and their science/engineering practices and experiences of taking action to resolve the issues. A total of 80 college students enrolled in a chemistry course in a university in Indonesia participated in the study, 40 of which majored in chemistry education, and the other 40 majored in chemical engineering. An instructor taught and implemented the ENACT project over 10 weeks as a part of the course. Data was collected by a questionnaire called “views of social responsibility of scientists and engineers (VSRoSE)” to explore the changes in students’ views on social responsibility. The participating students responded to the questionnaire before and after the intervention. In results, the effects of the ENACT project were notable in the chemical engineering (ENG) group. The chemistry education (EDU) group scored much higher than the ENG group in all the eight factors of VSRoSE in the pre-test. However, the score patterns changed after the intervention. The EDU group still exhibited high scores, but not much changed. The ENG group scores significantly increased in five factors and have presented similar score patterns with the ones of the EDU group.
The design of a servo motor control system for an industrial sewing machine based on PLC s7-1200
Authors: The- Thanh Bui  , Duc-Hung Pham
Published: February 2023

A servo motor is used as a motor for industrial sewing machines because it produces less noise, consumes less power, and is lightweight. The only disadvantage of the servo motor is its low minimum speed of up to 5000 rpm, which is why the sewing machine cannot be used at high speeds. When working on complex parts or with thick fabrics, slowing down the machine allows for greater accuracy and avoids needle breakage. When the operator works with thinner fabrics and produces more products, the speed of the machine is usually increased. In this paper, a servo motor control system based on PLC S7-1200 is proposed. The system is designed to control the actuators of the machine, such as electromagnets and gas pedals, in addition to the main shaft motor. The comparison shows that the results obtained with the author's control system are identical to those obtained with the control system of the sewing machine JUKI DDL 8700-7.
Yield response of common bean to different types and rates of blended fertilizers in Hawassa Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mulugeta Habte  , Atinafu Assefa  , Abay Ayalew
Published: February 2023

Despite the importance of common bean to farmers and its contribution to the national economy, limited information is available on the use of inorganic fertilizers containing macro and micro nutrients for its production in Hawassa area. A trial was conduct to evaluate different fertilizer types containing macro and micro nutrients and to determine their optimum rates for common bean production in Hawassa zuria woreda during the main cropping seasons of 2016 and 2017.Three fertilizer types (NPS, NPSB and NPSBCu) were arranged in different levels and tested on two farms. The experiment consisted of a total of ten treatments: control (no fertilizer) and three levels of each NPS, NPSB and NPSBCu. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Besides crop parameters, economic analysis was also performed to investigate feasibility of the fertilizers for common bean production. In general, it was observed that application of inorganic fertilizers increased grain yield, where economically feasible treatments improved yield by 34% to 36% over the control plot. The highest net benefit was obtained from NPS at nutrient ratio of 23: 16.5: 7kg/ha with acceptable marginal rate of return of 120%, even under the projected input price, which was sufficient to justify the additional investment needed for this treatment. Similarly, NPSB with 23 kg N + 15.7 kg P + 6.7 kg S + 0.71 kg B/ha also gave the required economic return. Therefore, both treatments could be recommended for common bean production in Hawassa area.
Preparation and evaluation of mango oat bar fortified with chia seeds
Authors: Neha Mahendra Yadav  , Dhanya Joseph
Published: February 2023

Ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal bars have undergone numerous advancements that blend various components to produce alternative cereal bar options. In conclusion, this study sought to create a high-energy cereal bar with a satisfying texture and high consumer acceptance using regional ingredients from local market. Other ingredients, such as exotic fruits and organic residues, can be utilized to make cereal bars and are still added to the final product as enrichment. From the breakfast table to the dinner table, cereal goods have been consumed in the form of flakes, rice, chapatti, or cereal bars as a snack. Cereals are essential in the creation of ready-to-eat snacks including cereal bars, energy bars, and quick bars. Because whole grains and their products include all three components in the same ratio as found in the intact original grain, people have come to appreciate their consumption. Mango is also discovered to be a high source of antioxidants such ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds, as well as dietary fibers, starch, and pectin. A good number of dietary antioxidants like ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds is found in the fruit mango (Mangifera indica L.). Cereal bars made with mango pulp at concentrations of 40%, 45%, and 50% were one such product developed.
Mixed corticotropic and somatotropic pituitary adenoma: A case report
Authors: CAMARA M’BALLOU  , RAFI SANA  , El MGHARI GHIZLANE  , El ANSARI NAWAL
Published: February 2023

Multi-secreting pituitary adenomas are relatively rare. The mixed somatotropic and corticotropic pituitary adenoma is very rare. The most widely described association is that coupling hypersecretion of GH and prolactin. We report the case of a patient with a pituitary adenoma bi-secreting GH and ACTH. He was a 28-year-old patient admitted for pituitary tumor syndrome, cushing syndrome. The hormonal assessment found a dependent ACTH cushing syndrome. The other hypothalamohypophysial axes were without abnormality. The hypothesis of a pituitary adenoma was raised. The brain scan confirmed the diagnosis by showing a macroadenoma with supra-sellar development with infiltration of the cavernous sinus. After trans-sphenoidal surgery, there was a complete regression ofcushing syndrome. The pathology examination showed a pituitary adenoma; at immunohistochemistry cells expressing anti-ACTH and anti - GH antibodies with KI 67 at 1%.
Peripheral hypothyroidism and TAFRO syndrome: Particularity of management
Authors: CAMARA M’BALLOU  , MENNANI FATIMA EZZAHRA  , BOUKHALFA AHMED  , RAFI SANA  , El MGHARI GHIZLANE  , El ANSARI NAWAL
Published: February 2023

TAFRO syndrome is defined by the presence of thrombocytopenia, hydrops, fever, fibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly and can be seen with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) or as an isolated process without iMCD. The pathophysiology of TAFRO is not well understood, but it is thought to be related to hypercytokinemia. Subclinical hypothyroidism may be a potential factor in the pathogenesis and symptomatology of TAFRO syndrome with elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).There are no clear guidelines for the treatment of TAFRO in the absence of a definitive diagnosis of iMCD, resulting in suboptimal management and high morbidity. We report a case of hypothyroidism revealed by TAFRO syndrome.
Dietary interference for the prevention of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Pradeep M
Published: February 2023

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) provided by a registered dietician into primary care of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is necessary to achieve the goals of improving overall metabolic measures beyond calorie restriction and weight loss. Misconceptions about nutrition in T2DM add to the challenges of executing MNT in a culturally sensitive population. The current review provides insights into MNT for the prevention and management of T2DMbased on both evidence and experience. It revisits historical Indian studies and provides information on appropriate dietary intake of carbohydrates (60–70%), proteins 20% and fats 10% that will be acceptable and beneficial in T2DM population. It discusses nuances of types of carbohydrates and fats and explains associations of increased dietary fiber intake, balanced intake of low and high glycemic index foods and substitution of saturated fats with plant-based polyunsaturated fats in improving outcomes of T2DM and attenuating risk factors. The article also deliberates upon special patient populations with comorbid conditions and diseases and the necessary adjustments needed in their nutritional care.
Impact of influencers’ Facebook pages in cultivating fear and terror among youths during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Omar Reham Gamal Ahmed Salem , Casero-Ripollés Andreu
Published: February 2023

Many research studies defined news pages that connect users with public affairs as social media influencers. This includes opinion leaders, journalists, media personnel, editors, and political experts. In this sense, news consumption on influencers’ Facebook pages can have the same cultivation impact as consuming news on any offline platform, particularly during times of threat. Within this, we aim to reexamine the cultivation theory in the context of social media. Thus, we explore the role of influencers on Facebook in cultivating threat perception among youths during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, to examine the possible correlation between threat perception and favoring of more restrictive policies on Facebook news coverage. For this, we used the survey method (n=1,309) on youths aged 18-35 years in Egypt, Spain, and the USA. In this respect, our data revealed a significant relationship between news consumption on influencers’ Facebook pages and threat level. The more people consume news on influencers’ Facebook pages, the higher their threat perception is. Our findings also demonstrate that even though the cultivation assumption is valid in the context of Facebook, there are variations from the TV context postulation. Nowadays, people are aware of the effect of their news exposure on shaping their perception yet being aware did not mediate the cultivation effect.
Determinants of Employee Performance at Public Health Centers
Authors: Sefnedi  , Reni Yuliviona  , Miza Sulasmi
Published: February 2023

Employee performance has become the center of attention for academics and practitioners. However, until now, the determinants of employee performance are still being debated. This study investigates the determinants of employee performance at public health center. The population of this study was all employees at the health center in the Kuranji sub-district, Padang, West Sumatra, totaling 118 employees. In data analysis, this research uses SEM-PLS software. This study found that organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on work motivation and organizational commitment but had no effect on employee performance. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment and employee performance. Furthermore, organizational commitment also positively and significantly influences employee performance.
The involvement of phonological information during spoken language prediction: evidence based on Chinese tone sandhi
Authors: Shun Liu , Chen Xuemei , Wang Suiping
Published: February 2023

Can listeners predict phonological information? Do they use phonological cues for prediction? Previous studies on prediction have often conouded phonological and orthographic factors, making it unclear whether phonological prediction exists. Additionally, previous studies have primarily focused on abstract semantic or syntactic cues, leaving a gap in research on whether listeners use low-level features (e.g., phonology) for prediction. This study used a visual world paradigm (VWP) experiment and an event-related potentials (ERPs) experiment to look for evidence of phonological information involvement in prediction based on Chinese tone sandhi (tones are a purely phonological feature that is perfectly separated from orthography). The results showed that, in the VWP experiment, when listeners heard tone-bearing words in a sentence, they could predict the tone of the upcoming word based on the tone of the tone-sandhi-bearing word, indicating that listeners can not only predict upcoming tonal information, but also that the prediction process uses tonal information. In the ERPs experiment, tone-bearing words that violated the predicted tone induced a greater negative wave, confirming the robustness of tonal prediction. These results provide empirical evidence for the involvement of phonological information in language prediction processing.
Online stress and offline stress: Uniqueness, differences, and cumulative effect on multiple well-being
Authors: Huang Shunsen , Lai Xiaoxiong , Wolfers Lara , Li Yajun , Dai Xinran , Zhao Xinmei , Wang Huanlei , He Ying , Wang Yun
Published: February 2023

The penetration of digital media has led to a close interaction between our offline and online life. While this interaction is a challenge for studying the effect of stress on people’s well-being and health, as there may be a mixture of online and offline stress. This study used a large sample of adolescents to test the uniqueness of online stress, the distinction between online and offline stress, and their co-occurrence and cumulative effects. The results showed that after controlling for offline stress (daily hassles, perceived stress, major life events), online stress (smartphone stress) still contributed to multiple well-being outcomes (physical complaints, anxiety, depression, social maladjustment). Correspondence analysis revealed that online stress was more similar to daily hassles/perceived stress compared to major life events. Latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed that adolescents who experienced certain levels of offline stress also experienced similar levels of online stress, indicating that they co-occur. Besides, the effects of online and the three types of offline stress are consistent with the cumulative damage hypothesis of stress. Its theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Gravitation, and quantum theory, as emergent phenomena
Authors: SINGH TEJINDER PAL
Published: February 2023

There must exist a reformulation of quantum field theory, even at low energies, which does not depend on classical time. The octonionic theory proposes such a reformulation, leading to a pre-quantum pre-spacetime theory. The ingredients for constructing such a theory, which is also a unification of the standard model with gravitation, are : (i) the pre-quantum theory of trace dynamics – a matrix-valued Lagrangian dynamics, (ii) the spectral action principle of non-commutative geometry, (iii) the number system known as the octonions, for constructing a non-commutative manifold and for defining elementary particles via Clifford algebras, (iv) a Lagrangian with $E_8 \times E_8$ symmetry. The split bioctonions define a sixteen dimensional space (with left-right symmetry) whose geometry (evolving in Connes time) relates to the four known fundamental forces, while predicting two new forces, $SU(3)_{grav}$ and $U(1)_{grav}$. This latter interaction is possibly the theoretical origin of MOND. Coupling constants of the standard model result from left-right symmetry breaking, and their values are theoretically determined by the characteristic equation of the exceptional Jordan algebra of the octonions. The quantum-to-classical transition, precipitated by the entanglement of a critical number of fermions, is responsible for the emergence of classical spacetime, and also for the familiar formulation of quantum theory on a spacetime background.
Reward-driven and memory-driven attentional biases automatically modulate rapid choice
Authors: Le Pelley Mike , Newell Ben R
Published: February 2023

In two experiments we examined the influence of ‘history-driven’ attentional biases on choice behavior. In Experiment 1 we used a value-modulated attentional capture procedure to induce an automatic reward-related attentional bias, and found that this bias shaped choice in a subsequent task in which participants were required to pick the highest number from a briefly displayed choice array. In Experiment 2 we investigated the influence of a working memory manipulation, and found that choice in the number-selection task was influenced by the current (and prior) contents of memory, consistent with an influence of memory-driven attentional bias on information encoding. Our findings indicate that history-driven attentional biases can translate to an influence on overt, downstream processes of behavioural choice, and should be incorporated into models of the interaction between attention and choice.
Revisiting the role of verbal suggestion in dissociative psychopathology
Authors: Wieder Lillian , Brown Richard , Terhune Devin B
Published: February 2023

Dissociative symptoms, which are characterised by a disruption between normally integrated cognitive-perceptual systems, and suggestion effects, such as changes in awareness, perception and behaviour in response to verbal suggestions, are historically intertwined and long believed to share a family resemblance.1 This association continues to figure prominently in contemporary debates regarding the aetiology of dissociative psychopathology with prominent theories diverging regarding aberrant suggestibility in the dissociative disorders. The sociocognitive model proposes that greater responsiveness to suggestion (suggestibility) among dissociative disorder patients facilitates false memories of trauma through an admixture of processes including iatrogenesis and responsiveness to sociocultural cues (Figure 1a). By contrast, the trauma model maintains that dissociation functions as a coping response to traumatic stress that progresses to psychopathology in certain individuals independently of suggestion (Figure 1b). Proponents of the sociocognitive model have recently conceded that suggestibility is not strongly related to dissociation, intimating a potential emerging consensus. Irrespective of the merits of these models, here we correct the record on responsiveness to suggestion in dissociative psychopathology.
The Nature and Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety: State of the Science and Opportunities for Accelerating Discovery
Authors: Grogans Shannon Elizabeth , Bliss-Moreau Eliza , Buss Kristin A. , Clark Lee Anna , Fox Andrew S. , Keltner Dacher , Cowen Alan , Kim Jeansok J. , Kragel Philip A. , MacLeod Colin , mobbs dean , Naragon-Gainey Kristin , Fullana Miguel , Shackman Alexander J.
Published: February 2023

Fear and anxiety play a central role in the lives of humans and other animals, and there is considerable interest in clarifying their nature, identifying their biological underpinnings, and determining their consequences for health and disease. Although important strides have been made over the past half-century, it has become clear that our understanding remains far from complete. Here we provide a roundtable discussion on the nature and biological bases of fear- and anxiety-related states, traits, and psychiatric disorders. The discussants include scientists familiar with a wide variety of human and animal populations and a broad spectrum of basic, translational, and clinical science methods. The goal of the roundtable was to take stock of the state of the science—both basic and clinical—and provide a general roadmap to the next generation of fear and anxiety research. Much of the discussion centered on the major gaps and challenges facing the field, the most important avenues for future theoretical and empirical work, and emerging opportunities for accelerating discovery, with implications for scientists, trainees, funders, and other stakeholders. Understanding fear and anxiety is a matter of practical as well as theoretical importance. Anxiety disorders are a leading burden on global public health and existing treatments are far from consistently curative, underscoring the urgency of developing a deeper understanding of the factors governing threat-related emotions, and the myriad ways in which they influence the way we think, feel, and behave.
A comparison of basic color terms in Mandarin and Spanish
Authors: Xu Mingshan , Zhu Jingtao , Benítez-Burraco Antonio
Published: February 2023

Humans can discriminate between hundreds of colors, which are clustered into a smaller number of color categories that can receive distinctive linguistic labels. Being color perception universal, languages differ in the set of basic color terms (BCTs) they have. Despite numerous prior studies, the exact number of BCTs in Mandarin (Sino-Tibetan, China) and Spanish (Indo-European, Spain) is still debated. Also, cross-linguistic differences can be expected with regards to how BCTs are used for referring to color, as well as concerning the naming strategies used for making reference more specific. For clarifying this, we recruited 21 speakers of Mainland Mandarin and 21 speakers of Castilian Spanish and assessed them in two related tasks: the list task, in which participants are asked to write down as many color names as they can recall; and the color naming task, in which they were asked to name color chips from the Munsell color chart that are presented randomly. Our results suggest that Mandarin has 9 BCTs, while Spanish has 12 BCTs. Additionally, we found that, in order to make color reference more exact, speakers of Mandarin use more modified terms and compounds, whereas speakers of Spanish rely more on monomorphemic non-basic terms. Finally, we observed that speakers of Mandarin use some colors (gray, blue and purple) less consistently, although the color space is partitioned similarly by these two languages. Our results reinforce the view that there are universal constraints on color naming, that are compatible with subtle cross-cultural differences in how colors are used.
Цивилизационные стратегии современности: от геополитики к биополитике
Authors:   С.-Петербургский гос. университет, Наумова Е.И. , Соколов А.М. ,   С.-Петербургский гос. университет, Бондарев В.Г. ,   Северо-западный филиал Российского государственного университета правосудия
Published: February 2023

Учебно-методическое пособие «Цивилизационные стратегии современности: от геополитики к биополитике» подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями Основной образовательной программы магистратуры ФГОС ВО — ВМ.5864.* «Философский дискурс современности» по уровню высшего образования и компетентностно-ориентированного учебного плана по направлению подготовки 47.00.00 Философия, этика и религиоведение. Данный курс ориентирован на выработку у обучающихся навыков социально-философского анализа процессов, определяющих содержание и характер современной цивилизации. Пособие включает в себя основные требования и организационно-методические рекомендации по изучению дисциплины. Представленные материалы будут полезны преподавателям и аспирантам в практической деятельности, помогут студентам в формировании систематического знания об основных цивилизационных стратегиях современности.
Dream of Polio Free Pakistan - when will it become a reality?

Authors: Yadav Reetika , Hariprasad Roopa , S. Nandhini  , S. Vallikavitha
Published: February 2023

Pakistan is one of the two endemic countries for polio, reporting co-circulation of WPV1 and cVDPV2. Pakistan is classified by the International Health Regulations (IHR) as a state infected with Wild Poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) and circulating Vaccine derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) with potential risk of international spread. We describe an ongoing outbreak of WPV1 in North Waziristan district of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province in Pakistan and the last documented outbreak of cVDPV2. The first case of the WPV1 outbreak was documented in the month of April 2022, after more than a year of polio free status. Since then, 20 cases in total have been reported, of which 87 percent had never received OPV through essential immunization. Major reasons which might be responsible for Pakistan’s failure in the eradication of polio including governance issues, lack of health facilities, low routine immunization, or refusal of immunization, security threat to immunization staff, extensive public movement, and presence of polio reservoirs/zones in border regions with Afghanistan. Pakistan’s struggle against polio eradication was further fuelled by the COVID-19 pandemic which brought a standstill to the routine immunizations. The threat to the Global Polio Eradication stems from reintroduction of the poliovirus and emergence of circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV) in the polio-free countries. Hence, control of the WPV1 and cVDPV2 transmission in Pakistan is an international concern.
Dioniso contra Sócrates: notas sobre metafísica, otimismo e pessimismo em O nascimento da tragédia de Friedrich Nietzsche
Authors: Jota Pereira Camilo Lelis
Published: February 2023

Este artigo tem o objetivo de expor a contra doutrina dionisíaca ao otimismo a partir da discussão sobre a interpretação que o filósofo Friedrich Nietzsche faz de Sócrates no livro O nascimento da tragédia. Nossa discussão traz em perspectiva a crítica nietzschiana ao denominado socratismo estético, o qual coloca a filosofia socrática longe da sua proposta para o dionisíaco na arte. Para tanto, reconstruímos os argumentos de Nietzsche e investigamos o alcance dos mesmos, como também apresentamos as considerações de Paul de Man sobre a tensão emergente. Como conclusão, apontamos para a abrangência dos conceitos de pessimismo e otimismo dentro do escopo construído.
Os desafios da sorte epistêmica e uma possível solução por meio da epistemologia das virtudes
Authors: Rosauro João Victor
Published: February 2023

Conhecimento e sorte parecem dois conceitos excludentes, isto é, em ordem de atribuirmos conhecimento a alguém, tal sucesso cognitivo deve excluir elementos de sorte da aquisição intelectual. Entretanto, desde o artigo de Edmund Gettier “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” (1963), tem se reconhecido cada vez mais a envergadura que elementos de sorte assume no conhecimento, a ponto de chegarmos a uma conclusão cética no campo epistemológico. A questão que fica, então, é como solucionar a atribuição de conhecimento, com fatores de sorte praticamente onipresentes. Dito isso, o objetivo do trabalho será dois: (i) primeiro, irei expor os desdobramentos do debate da sorte epistêmica, ou seja, mostrar sua amplitude, classificações, conceituação e algumas respostas ao problema. Após (ii) pretendo argumentar sobre as vantagens de se abordar a sorte epistêmica fora do campo proposicional a partir de uma abordagem da epistemologia das virtudes que foque em outros bens epistêmicos além da crença verdadeira.
A teoria do destino condicional no Corpus hermeticum 12.5-9
Authors: Lira David Pessoa de
Published: February 2023

O tópico do presente artigo é a teoria da εἱμαρμένη [heimarmenē]. Ele analisa focalmente a relação da teoria da εἱμαρμένη do Corp. Herm. 12.5-9 e de fontes médio-platônicas. Os resultados da análise se limitam a responder as teorias da εἱμαρμένη do hermetismo e do médio-platonismo. No entanto, existem diferentes pontos de vista sobre a teoria da εἱμαρμένη no médio-platonismo. Assim, o escopo envolve principalmente o Corp. Herm. 12.5-9, De Fato de Plutarco de Queroneia, De Doctrina Platonis de Alcínoo e De Platone de Apuleio de Madaura. O presente artigo demonstra, por meio do método filosófico histórico-comparativo, que a teoria da εἱμαρμένη do Corp. Herm. 12.5-9 é predominantemente médio-platônica apesar das incidências das proposições (neo)estoicas. Assim, em particular, este artigo assume que o Corp. Herm. 12.5-9 tem uma combinação da heimarmenologia com a teoria platônica do νοῦς [nous]. Primeiramente, serão apontados os significados de εἱμαρμένη e seus correlatos no Corp. Herm. como um todo em comparação com o platonismo. Depois, discutir-se-á a escolha de ações prudentes e apaixonadas pela alma no Corp. Herm. 12.-5-9. Em seguida, procurar-se-á explicar quais são as implicações da εἱμαρμένη no ἐλλόγιμοι (prudentes) no Corp. Herm. 12.-5-9. Por fim, será demonstrado que este texto é influenciado pela teoria do destino condicional ou hipotético diferentemente de uma doutrina puramente estoica.
Crítica social e política pública: rearticulando a ideia de progresso como mediação à justiça social no programa “Mais IDH”
Authors: Assai José Henrique Sousa
Published: February 2023

Sob o ponto de vista da teoria crítica e de uma crítica social, e mais recentemente, a ideia do progresso parece se estabelecer em uma ambivalência: de um lado, os postulados de Amy Allen encetaram uma “Aufklärung” da concepção de progresso (ao qual eu chamo de concepção “negativa”) e os seus possíveis desdobramentos para a teoria crítica bem como para a crítica social; por outro, a concepção de progresso pode ser compreendida como uma “forma positiva” na qual se orienta junto ao escopo constitutivo de uma teoria crítica ao corporificar, por exemplo, a justiça social enquanto mediação socionormativa ao processo de emancipação. Levando em consideração as assertivas supracitadas, revisitarei, nesta pesquisa, a centralidade da concepção de progresso em Amy Allen (1) para daí interpor uma ideia “positiva”. Nesse sentido, tomarei por referência socioinstitucional e empírica a política pública do programa social ‘Mais IDH’ ao qual se constitui tanto como uma resposta ao conceito de progresso em Amy Allen quanto uma condição possível de efetivação à justiça social (entendida basicamente pelas condições mínimas de existência) (2).
O fundamento de deliberação moral e a dimensão da normatividade em Ser e tempo: a posição de Steven Crowell em face da interpretação de E. Tugendhat
Authors: Fernandes Christiane Costa de Matos
Published: February 2023

Esse trabalho pretende apresentar a problemática da ação moral e da normatividade em Ser e tempo a partir da posição de Steven Crowell expressa no texto Conscience and Reason: Heidegger and the Grouds of Intentionality [2007], em face da interpretação de Ernst Tugendhat, exposta no texto “Wir sind nicht fest verdrahtet”: Heideggers “Man” und die Tiefendimensionen der Gründe [1999].
Contribuições do personalismo para a logoterapia e análise existencial
Authors: Sepúlveda Jose
Published: February 2023

A contribuição do personalismo para a Logoterapia, será de fundamental importância, especificamente através do conceito de pessoa como dimensão noética. Para V. Frankl conhecer a pessoa para trata-la terapeuticamente, se tornará o lema que fará da Logoterapia essa busca positiva por sentido, por meio das vivências e da realização de valores superiores. Max Scheler será um filósofo que inspirará de forma ampla e direta o pensamento logoterapêutico de Frankl, fundamentalmente através da teoria dos valores e com sua contribuição fenomenológica da antropologia. A busca por sentido e valor é uma espécie de motivação humana intuída emocionalmente em nossas vivências e compreendida pela nossa consciência. Por isso conceitos como o de pessoa e o de valor são peças importantíssimas para a Logoterapia e a Análise Existencial.
A felicidade utilitarista de John Stuart Mill
Authors: Spagnolo Léo
Published: February 2023

Para John Stuart Mill prazer e felicidade não são a mesma coisa, pois uma determinada quantidade de prazer desfrutado não significa necessariamente que a pessoa alcance a felicidade na mesma proporção. A felicidade seria um apanhado geral de bem estar presente não apenas no indivíduo, mas em toda a sociedade na qual ele vive. Desta forma Mill compreende que não pode haver uma sociedade onde todos os indivíduos tenham uma quantidade ilimitada de prazeres e que sendo assim existiram pessoas sofrendo e infelizes dentro da sociedade. Contudo essa situação se alterna com o tempo entre os indivíduos, e seu ponto de vista valoriza o somatório do bem estar presente entre todas as pessoas, levando ao seu princípio da maior felicidade. Felicidade esta que não é igual a presente na escola das virtudes ou mesmo na deontológica, ela se diferencia por abordar outras questões como a razão para promover o bem, a implementação do princípio da prevenção de danos, da ajuda aos inocentes e a consideração de que os números efetivamente contam, ou seja, sua preocupação vai além do aspecto individual. Para tanto, a felicidade não pode estar desvinculada da moralidade, assim a análise das consequências das ações em pro da maior felicidade não deve contrapor os princípios morais da sociedade humana. Esses princípios morais servem como um guia para o julgamento das ações humanas, que por sua vez se são considerados corretos e bons, tendem ao caminho do prazer e consequentemente da felicidade do ponto de vista utilitarista de Mill.
A efemeridade dos entes e a eternidade de Deus na terceira via tomásica
Authors: Da Luz Clodoaldo
Published: February 2023

A fugacidade é própria de todo o ente, pois esse recebe o ser e não tem por si a sua existência. Já a eternidade é atributo único do Ser, de Deus, pois é o necessário por si. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo visa refletir sobre a efemeridade dos entes corruptíveis e dos entes incorruptíveis, bem como acerca da eternidade de Deus na terceira via tomásica. Deste modo, em primeiro lugar, apresentar-se-á a referida prova acerca da existência de Deus. Num segundo momento, será tecido um apontamento acerca da efemeridade dos entes corruptíveis, os quais sofrem os efeitos da dinâmica da geração e corrupção. Depois, verificar-se-á que os entes incorruptíveis também possuem uma existência efêmera, pois podem ser aniquilados por Deus. Por fim, será elucidado que Deus é o Ser necessário por si e por isso é eterno. Haja vista que Deus concede e mantém a existência de todo o ente.