bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior of magnetic systems of different dimensions in a magnetic field
Authors: Shel’deshova E. V. , Bondar E. V. , Shabanova I. A. , Churaev A. A. , Sokolov E. A. , Matarykin K. A. , Ryapolov P. A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. To investigate the influence of the magnetic field on the formation of structures in magnetic media of various dispersities.

   Methods. Experiments to study the dynamics of magnetic inclusions were carried out on a self-made installation in flat transparent cells by microscopy. The magnetic field was created by an electromagnet FL-1 connected to a power source. Magnetite particles of various sizes, as well as metal balls with a diameter of 0.5 mm, were studied as a magnetic medium. Video recording was performed using a MICMED WiFi 2000X 5.0 microscope.

   Results. The dynamics of magnetic inclusions in a viscous liquid medium under the influence of a magnetic field, as well as under conditions of mechanical shear effects, have been studied. The influence of the magnetic field strength on the growth rate of chain structures, as well as on the angle of deflection under shear action, has been studied. A theoretical interpretation of the observed phenomena is proposed.

   Conclusion. During the experiment, it was found that under the influence of a magnetic field, magnetic inclusions form chain structures. Their size, growth rate and dynamics depend on the physical parameters of the system and the external magnetic field. An intensive increase in the formation of chains of magnetic inclusions was detected at low and medium values of the magnetic field strength. An experimental dependence of the angle of deviation of chain structures from the equilibrium position on the magnetic field strength is obtained, which correlates with known theoretical data, on the basis of which a computational model is proposed. The results of the study can be used to visualize numerical calculations of the dynamics of dispersed systems under external influences.
Tubular Carcinoma of the Breast: The Possibility to Omit Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Authors: YAMANE SAE , MATSUI AKIRA , NAKASHOJI AYAKO , SASAHARA MANAMI , MURATA YUYA , KINOSHITA TAKAYUKI
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: Tubular breast carcinoma, classified as a special type of invasive cancer, has a good prognosis. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of 32 tubular carcinoma cases enrolled at our institution, with a focus on exploring the potential for treatment de-escalation. Patients and Methods: The study included all patients diagnosed with tubular breast carcinoma at our hospital between January 2005 and December 2021. In addition, 549 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 1,524 patients with stage I and II invasive cancers [not otherwise specified (NOS)] were selected for comparison. Results: All participants were female, with an average age of 54.4 years. The median follow-up duration was 64 months. The median tumor diameter was 7 mm, and all cases were Luminal A type. Moreover, no lymph vascular invasion was observed in any case, and no local recurrence, distant metastasis, or death occurred. The sentinel lymph node positive rate was 0% in the tubular carcinoma group, significantly lower than that in the NOS group (25.5%, p=0.0019) and not significantly different from that in the DCIS group (0.2%). The tubular carcinoma group tended to have better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than the NOS group. Furthermore, the tubular carcinoma group was not inferior in OS and DFS compared to the DCIS group. Conclusion: Lymph node metastasis rate, OS, and DFS of the tubular carcinoma group are comparable to those of the DCIS group. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for tubular carcinoma can be omitted with an accurate preoperative diagnosis.
Successful Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Obstruction With Primary Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: YAZAKI TOMOE , MATSUOKA AYUMU , TATE SHINICHI , NISHIKIMI KYOKO , OKUYA RIE , OTSUKA SATOYO , KOGA KAORI , USUI HIROKAZU
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: Upper gastrointestinal obstruction is an extremely rare complication of primary ovarian cancer. We present a case of primary advanced ovarian cancer with gastroduodenal obstruction successfully managed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and conservative treatment. Case Report: A 60-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for advanced ovarian cancer with upper gastrointestinal obstruction. Computed tomography and endoscopy revealed severe duodenal obstruction caused by dissemination. NAC was initiated with conservative management using a nasogastric tube and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). She was able to eat and TPN was stopped after three months. Complete resection was achieved with interval debulking surgery (IDS) not involving pancreatoduodenectomy, which would have been necessary for primary debulking surgery. There were no serious postoperative complications. Conclusion: NAC with conservative management can improve upper gastrointestinal obstruction in patients with primary advanced ovarian cancer. Furthermore, IDS is expected to allow complete resection, avoiding highly invasive surgeries.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index as Prognostic Marker for Elderly Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: KINOSHITA RYOSUKE , NAKAO MAKOTO , KIYOTOSHI HIROKO , SUGIHARA MASAHIRO , KURIYAMA MAMIKO , TAKEDA NORIHISA , MURAMATSU HIDEKI
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) indicates nutritional status based on serum albumin concentration and ideal body weight. Pretreatment GNRI has been suggested as a prognostic factor for various malignancies. However, little is known about the clinical value of GNRI for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), especially in elderly patients. : Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 53 elderly (≥71) patients with extensive-disease (ED) SCLC treated with first-line platinum-doublet chemotherapy in relation to the pretreatment GNRI level in a real-world setting. : Results: Thirty-six patients with a low GNRI (<92) had statistically poorer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than 17 patients with a high GNRI (≥92) (median PFS=80 days vs. 133 days, respectively; p=0.002; median OS=123 days vs. 274 days, respectively; p=0.004). In a multivariate analysis, a low GNRI was also an independent poor prognostic factor for PFS [hazard ratio (HR)=0.396; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.199-0.789; p=0.008] and OS (HR=0.295; 95%CI=0.143-0.608; p<0.001). : Conclusion: The GNRI might be a predictive and prognostic marker in elderly patients with ED-SCLC treated with platinum-doublet chemotherapy.
Impact of Circular Stapler Size on the Risk of Anastomotic Complications in Patients With Left-sided Colorectal Cancer: A Propensity Score-matched Study
Authors: SHIBUTANI MASATSUNE , FUKUOKA TATSUNARI , ISEKI YASUHITO , KASASHIMA HIROAKI , SEKI YUKI , MAEDA KIYOSHI
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: The present study examined the impact of circular stapler size on anastomotic complications, including leakage and stricture in patients undergoing double-stapling technique (DST) anastomosis for left-sided colon or rectal cancer. Patients and Methods: A total of 403 patients were enrolled in this study, with circular stapler sizes of 25, 28, and 29 mm. Results: A small circular stapler (25 mm) was used in 170 cases (42.2%), and a medium-sized circular stapler (28/29 mm) was used in 233 cases (57.8%). After propensity score matching, there was no marked difference in the incidence of anastomotic leakage/stricture between the groups (13.9% vs. 10.9%, 3.0% vs. 1.0%, respectively). Conclusion: The size of the circular stapler was not associated with the incidence of anastomotic leakage or stricture in this cohort.
Laparoscopic Partial Splenectomy May Be Valuable for the Diagnosis of Malignant Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: OGINO SHINPEI , ISHIMOTO TAKESHI , FUJIYAMA JUNSHIN , BAMBA MASAMICHI , MASUYAMA MAMORU
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: Diagnosing primary splenic malignant lymphoma (PSML) is challenging due to the non-specific nature of splenomegaly, necessitating splenic biopsy for confirmation. However, performing partial splenic resection for diagnostic purposes is an elective procedure due to the risk of major hemorrhage. Despite the longstanding practice of splenectomy over the past few decades, it remains invasive and may result in severe early or late complications. Hence, we present laparoscopic partial splenectomy (LPS) in a patient suspicious of PSML for diagnostic purposes in this study. Case Report: An 81-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a one-month history of fever and dry cough. Atypical cells had been detected in her peripheral blood nine months ago. However, at that time, a bone marrow examination did not reveal any atypical cells. The laboratory tests revealed a soluble interleukin receptor-2 levels of 4,667 U/dl and atypical cells were also found in peripheral blood. Abdominal computed tomography showed splenomegaly without any other relevant findings. These findings are suspicious of PSML and LPS without vessel ligation was performed and a small fraction of the spleen from the inferior pole measuring 1.8×1.0 cm was resected. The operation lasted for 63 min with minimal estimated blood loss. Histopathological findings were compatible with the diagnosis of diffuse B-cell lymphoma. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful, and splenomegaly demonstrated improvement six months after the operation. Conclusion: LPS without vessel ligation for biopsy may be valuable for the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma, particularly when there are no swollen lymph nodes, as it offers a less invasive approach.
A Comprehensive Youth Diabetes Epidemiological Data Set and Web Portal: Resource Development and Case Studies (Preprint)
Authors: McDonough Catherine , Li Yan Chak , Vangeepuram Nita , Liu Bian , Pandey Gaurav
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre–diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) has been increasing among youth in recent decades in the United States, prompting an urgent need for understanding and identifying their associated risk factors. Such efforts, however, have been hindered by the lack of easily accessible youth pre-DM/DM data.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to first build a high-quality, comprehensive epidemiological data set focused on youth pre-DM/DM. Subsequently, we aimed to make these data accessible by creating a user-friendly web portal to share them and the corresponding codes. Through this, we hope to address this significant gap and facilitate youth pre-DM/DM research.

METHODS

Building on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018, we cleaned and harmonized hundreds of variables relevant to pre-DM/DM (fasting plasma glucose level ≥100 mg/dL or glycated hemoglobin  ≥5.7%) for youth aged 12-19 years (N=15,149). We identified individual factors associated with pre-DM/DM risk using bivariate statistical analyses and predicted pre-DM/DM status using our Ensemble Integration (EI) framework for multidomain machine learning. We then developed a user-friendly web portal named Prediabetes/diabetes in youth Online Dashboard (POND) to share the data and codes.

RESULTS

We extracted 95 variables potentially relevant to pre-DM/DM risk organized into 4 domains (sociodemographic, health status, diet, and other lifestyle behaviors). The bivariate analyses identified 27 significant correlates of pre-DM/DM (P<.001, Bonferroni adjusted), including race or ethnicity, health insurance, BMI, added sugar intake, and screen time. Among these factors, 16 factors were also identified based on the EI methodology (Fisher P of overlap=7.06×106). In addition to those, the EI approach identified 11 additional predictive variables, including some known (eg, meat and fruit intake and family income) and less recognized factors (eg, number of rooms in homes). The factors identified in both analyses spanned across all 4 of the domains mentioned. These data and results, as well as other exploratory tools, can be accessed on POND.

CONCLUSIONS

Using NHANES data, we built one of the largest public epidemiological data sets for studying youth pre-DM/DM and identified potential risk factors using complementary analytical approaches. Our results align with the multifactorial nature of pre-DM/DM with correlates across several domains. Also, our data-sharing platform, POND, facilitates a wide range of applications to inform future youth pre-DM/DM studies.
Digital Interventions to Modify Skin Cancer Risk Behaviors in a National Sample of Young Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Heckman Carolyn J , Mitarotondo Anna , Lin Yong , Khavjou Olga , Riley Mary , Manne Sharon L , Yaroch Amy L , Niu Zhaomeng , Glanz Karen
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Young adults engage in behaviors that place them at risk for skin cancer. Dissemination of digital health promotion interventions via social media is a potentially promising strategy to modify skin cancer risk behaviors by increasing UV radiation (UVR) protection and skin cancer examinations.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to compare 3 digital interventions designed to modify UVR exposure, sun protection, and skin cancer detection behaviors among young adults at moderate to high risk of skin cancer.

METHODS

This study was a hybrid type II effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial of 2 active interventions, a digital skin cancer risk reduction intervention (UV4.me [basic]) compared with an enhanced version (UV4.me2 [enhanced]), and an electronic pamphlet (e-pamphlet). Intervention effects were assessed over the course of a year among 1369 US young adults recruited primarily via Facebook and Instagram. Enhancements to encourage intervention engagement and behavior change included more comprehensive goal-setting activities, ongoing proactive messaging related to previously established mediators (eg, self-efficacy) of UVR exposure and protection, embedded incentives for module completion, and ongoing news and video updates. Primary outcome effects assessed via linear regression were UVR exposure and sun protection and protection habits. Secondary outcome effects assessed via logistic regression were skin self-exams, physician skin exams, sunscreen use, indoor tanning, and sunburn.

RESULTS

The active interventions increased sun protection (basic: P=.02; enhanced: P<.001) and habitual sun protection (basic: P=.04; enhanced P=.01) compared with the e-pamphlet. The enhanced intervention increased sun protection more than the basic one. Each active intervention increased sunscreen use at the 3-month follow-up (basic: P=.03; enhanced: P=.01) and skin self-exam at 1 year (basic: P=.04; enhanced: P=.004), compared with the e-pamphlet. Other intervention effects and differences between the Basic and Enhanced Intervention effects were nonsignificant.

CONCLUSIONS

The active interventions were effective in improving several skin cancer risk and skin cancer prevention behaviors. Compared with the basic intervention, the enhanced intervention added to the improvement in sun protection but not other behaviors. Future analyses will explore intervention engagement (eg, proportion of content reviewed).

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03313492; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03313492
Digitally Enabled Peer Support and Social Health Platform for Vulnerable Adults With Loneliness and Symptomatic Mental Illness: Cohort Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Bravata Dena , Russell Daniel , Fellows Annette , Goldman Ron , Pace Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

This study prospectively evaluated the effects of digitally enabled peer support on mental health outcomes and estimated medical cost reductions among vulnerable adults with symptomatic depression, anxiety, and significant loneliness to address the mental health crisis in the United States.
Non-inferiority randomised trial of the web-based Recognise and Respond gatekeeper training program (Preprint)
Authors: Chakouch Cassandra , Martin Ann , Batterham Philip , Rheinberger Demee , Shand Fiona
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Gatekeeper training teaches community members to identify individuals at-risk of suicide and assist them with help-seeking. A new online program (Recognise and Respond; R&R) was created to address the need for a program specific to the Australian context, in consultation with clinicians, researchers, and people with a lived experience of suicide.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective was to examine the short- and medium-term impacts of the R&R gatekeeper training program on gatekeeper confidence to identify and support an individual experiencing thoughts of suicide. Secondary objectives were to examine the short-and medium-term impacts of the R&R program on gatekeeper attitudes towards suicide prevention and knowledge of appropriate responses to signs of suicide.

METHODS

A non-inferiority randomised controlled trial compared R&R with the ‘Question, Persuade, Refer’ (QPR) online program. 524 participants completed baseline and were randomised to receive access to either the R&R (n = 263) or QPR (n = 261) online programs. All outcomes were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up via online surveys. The trial was conducted entirely online, with no face-to-face contact with participants. Data were analysed using mixed effects linear models.

RESULTS

Participants in both groups reported significant improvements in confidence across time indicating non-inferiority of the R&R program. Both groups showed significant improvements on attitudes and knowledge scores at post-intervention and follow-up, relative to baseline. Improvement in attitude scores between baseline and post-test were greater for the QPR group compared to the R&R group but not at follow-up. Gains at post-intervention were maintained at follow-up for both groups on all outcomes. There were no other between-group differences.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings demonstrate that R&R is as effective as QPR online in improving gatekeeper confidence to identify and support someone having thoughts of suicide.

CLINICALTRIAL

This trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000489998p).
Research on entity recognition of Chinese medical case text for stroke disease by integrating data enhancement and loss weighting (Preprint)
Authors: Zhou Jiawei , Su Tong , Liu Xiufeng
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, and the combination of Chinese medicine is becoming increasingly close, artificial intelligence's powerful data processing capabilities and pattern recognition technology, is widely used in the depth mining of Chinese medicine information.

OBJECTIVE

In order to deeply explore the theoretical knowledge of Chinese medicine contained in Chinese medical cases, this paper explores the named entity recognition technology under the corpus characteristics of Chinese medical cases, and solves the problems of model performance degradation and low classification accuracy caused by sample imbalance.

METHODS

Introducing data enhancement methods to increase the diversity of the original samples, introducing loss-weighting methods to reduce the weight of the majority class and increase the weight of the minority class; extracting the contextual semantic information of the words using the BERT two-layer bi-directional Transformer structure to feature represent the text, and then connecting the BiLSTM-WCRF model to realise the downstream task of named entity recognition.

RESULTS

The experiments show that the Macro-F1 value of the BERT-BiLSTM-CRF(EDA) model is 10.1% higher than that of the BiLSTM-CRF(EDA) model with the introduction of the data enhancement method; and with the introduction of the loss weighting method on top of EDA, the Macro-F1 value of the BERT-BiLSTM-WCRF(EDA) model is 6.8% higher than that of the BiLSTM- WCRF(EDA) model by 6.8%.

CONCLUSIONS

The introduction of both data augmentation and loss weighting methods can mitigate overfitting while improving the model as a whole as well as entity recognition for individual labels.

CLINICALTRIAL

None
Appraisal of Spanish-Language Google Search Patient Education Resources for Kidney Stones: A Review (Preprint)
Authors: Arroyave Villada Juan Sebastian , Restrepo Mateo , Cohen Daniel , Larenas Francisca , Stern Brocha , Wang Daniel , Connors Christopher , Levy Micah , Fulla Juan , Palese Michael
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The internet is a primary source of health information, our study addresses the need to assess the credibility, readability, and reliability of Spanish-language medical websites concerning nephrolithiasis. With the Spanish-speaking population in the United States rapidly approaching 20% and growing, our research endeavors to fill a critical gap by evaluating the quality of online resources in Spanish for this common medical condition.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to better understand the quality, credibility, and readability of spanish language resources for kidney stones that are commonly accessed by internet users via Google searches.

METHODS

In our study, we evaluated the quality of Spanish-language online resources on nephrolithiasis for the growing Spanish-speaking population in the United States. Using Google searches with terms like "cálculos renales" and "nefrolitiasis," we analyzed 80 unique websites using Fernandez-Huerta readability software, HON-code certification, JAMA benchmark criteria, source classification, and brief DISCERN. The evaluation was performed by an expert urologist and a medical student, with discrepancies resolved by a third experienced reviewer.

RESULTS

Interrater reliability was strong for JAMA (ICC: 0.98) and DISCERN (ICC: 0.85). Websites mainly originated from Physician/Community Hospitals (43.75%) and University/Academic institutions (23.75%). Only 32.5% had HON-code certification, and 17.5% met all JAMA criteria. Readability typically matched an 8th to 9th grade level, but 58.75% scored below the good quality threshold on DISCERN, with University/Academic sources performing significantly better than Physician/Community sources (p=0.0078). No significant differences were noted in credibility or readability between these groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate that Spanish-language resources on nephrolithiasis often lack in quality, readability, and credibility, highlighting the need for enhanced online materials to support patient and provider management of kidney stones. University sources provide notably higher-quality information than other resource types.
Cinematic Clinical Narratives: Utilizing A Multimodal AI Approach in Medical Education (Preprint)
Authors: Bland Tyler
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Medical students often struggle to engage with and retain complex pharmacology topics during their preclinical education. Traditional teaching methods can lead to passive learning and poor long-term retention of critical concepts.

OBJECTIVE

To enhance the teaching of clinical pharmacology in medical school by employing a multimodal generative artificial intelligence (AI) approach to create compelling cinematic clinical narratives (CCNs).

METHODS

We transformed a standard clinical case into an engaging, interactive multimedia experience called "Shattered Slippers." This CCN utilized various AI tools for content creation: GPT-4 for developing the storyline, Leonardo.ai and Stable Diffusion for generating images, Eleven Labs for creating audio narrations, and Suno for composing a theme song. The CCN integrated narrative styles and pop culture references to enhance student engagement. It was applied in teaching first-year medical students about immune system pharmacology. Student responses were assessed through the Situational Interest Survey for Multimedia (SIS-M) and examination performance. The target audience comprised 40 first-year medical students, with 18 responding to the SIS-M survey (n=18).

RESULTS

The study revealed a marked preference for the AI-enhanced CCNs over traditional teaching methods. Key findings include a high percentage of surveyed students preferring the CCN over traditional clinical cases, as well as high average scores for triggered situational interest, maintained interest, maintained-feeling interest, and maintained-value interest. Students achieved an average score of 88% on exam questions related to the CCN material, indicating successful learning and retention. Qualitative feedback highlighted increased engagement, improved recall, and appreciation for the narrative style and pop culture references.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the potential of utilizing a multimodal AI-driven approach to create CCNs in medical education. The "Shattered Slippers" case effectively enhanced student engagement and promoted knowledge retention in complex pharmacological topics. This innovative method suggests a novel direction for curriculum development that could improve learning outcomes and student satisfaction in medical education. Future research should explore the long-term retention of knowledge and the applicability of learned material in clinical settings, as well as the potential for broader implementation of this approach across various medical education contexts.
Investigation of metal non-opaque foreign bodies of firearm origin by radiation methods
Authors: Khoroshun E.M. , Makarov V.V. , Nehoduiko V.V. , Mykhaylov I.F. , Mykhaylov A.I. , Veryovkin I.V.
Published: July 2024

Background. The purpose is to investigate metal non-opaque foreign bodies of firearm origin. Materials and methods. Five cases of removing soft tissue foreign bodies of gunshot origin were investigated, when radiography of the limb soft tissues didn’t detect foreign bodies, but they were removed during the primary surgical wound debridement. X-ray of soft tissue gunshot wounds found no foreign bodies. To study radiographic density, foreign bodies were placed in a foam model with subsequent multislice computed tomography. For spectral analysis of metal foreign bodies, we used wavelengths unconventional for X-ray, which allowed to conduct X-ray fluorescence and X-ray structural studies. Results. Radiographic density of metal foreign bodies ranged from 989 to 2123 HU. Given the different thickness of foreign bodies, from 0.4 to 3.2 mm, the average was 1700 ± 189 HU. The foam had radiographic density of –969 HU with model dimensions of 200 × 100 × 50 mm. When examining samples of foreign bodies, it was found that they are deformed, have different thicknesses. One of the samples is light and smooth on one side, and dark and rough on the other. X-ray fluorescence results: composition on the light side (% by mass): Al — base, Mn — 0.8, Fe — 0.3, Zn — 0.1, Cr — 0.05, Ti — 0.2, corresponding to Al-Mn alloy. The dark side is an oxidized Al-Mn alloy. In the spectrum of the dark side of the sample, the Br-Kα line was detected, which indicates the participation of bromine compounds in the oxidation process. From the smooth side of the sample, the spectrum of this line is not determined. Conclusions. Non-opaque metal foreign bodies of gunshot origin are a rare phenomenon. Metal foreign bodies with low radiographic density are non-ferromagnetic, the use of modern magnetic surgical instruments will not be effective. Visualization of metal foreign bodies, which are not determined by radiography, is possible with the help of multislice computed tomography. The use of the wavelength of primary radiation, which is unconventional for X-ray spectral analysis, and original X-ray optical schemes allows for quantitative determination of the composition and structure of any metal foreign bodies.
Venous thrombosis and embolism in surgical hospital patients in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Matviychuk B.O. , Fedchyshyn N.R. , Bokhonko R.L.
Published: July 2024

Background. Venous thrombosis and embolism are one of the main and most threatening complications in emergency abdominal surgery in the conditions of global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2, which is constantly worsening the morbidity and mortality rates. Despite the accumulation of sufficient knowledge on the problem of venous thromboembolism in general, understanding the unique prothrombotic pathophysiology of the virus and its potentiation of the coagulation system in patients with COVID-19 remains at a suboptimal level. The purpose of the study is to assess the extent of venous thrombosis in patients undergoing emergency surgery for abdominal pathology with concomitant coronavirus disease and to determine the main measures to improve the effectiveness of prevention and treatment. Materials and methods. The results of the treatment of 3,476 patients in the Surgical center 1 of the CNPE of the Lviv Territorial Medical Union “Multidisciplinary Clinical Hospital of Intensive Treatment Methods and Emergency Medical Care” from April 2021 to March 2022 were analyzed, 89.3 % of them were hospitalized urgently. One hundred and fifty-nine (4.6 %) patients died, mainly from purulent-septic complications, multi-organ (primarily severe respiratory) failure and venous thrombosis and embolism. Results. Non-specific prevention of venous thrombosis and embolism was carried out in all patients. It consisted in elastic compression of the legs before transporting the patient to the operating room and early ambulation after surgery. Adequate analgesia and assistance from medical staff were considered an important component of motor activity recovery. Specific prevention of venous thrombosis was carried out by subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparins once or twice a day. With the beginning of the pandemic and a sharp rise of thromboembolic complications, a longer prophylaxis with increased dose and frequency of anticoagulant administration began to be used in clinical practice. Conclusions. Unresolved issues that stood in the way of optimizing the prevention of venous thrombosis and embolism in the clinic are the new challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, insufficient alertness of doctors to the problem of thromboembolic complications, difficulties in objective assessment of the risk of deep vein thrombosis in the presence of many factors, absence of scales for evaluating the risk of venous thrombosis adapted to today’s conditions.
Kedampingan Hewan Penghela pada Industri Gula di Jawa Abad XX
Authors: Hadi Putro Wasista
Published: July 2024

This research discusses the relationship of draft animals and humans in Java has been historically intertwined, reaching a turning point at the end of the 19th century. This period saw the initiation of various industries, especially sugar factory, ethical awareness regarding the welfare of animals, as well as a collective awareness of the identity of a new of Indonesian society and workers. Consequently, the concept of human-animal relationship periodically undergoes changes to harmonize with the new world order. As a result, the values of human-animal relationship, and especially humans with nature, are now characterized by relationships that are always based on transactional relations. This results in the dissolution of the identity of Javanese society, which has a close relationship with nature and animals in line with the concept of “underworld and upperworld”. This article uses historical method with the approachment of environmental history. The primary sources for this article are contemporaneous newspapers, PG Gondang Baru’s 1958 Annual Report, and other documents in the form of contemporaneous photographs, complemented by other secondary references.
“Pearl Rush” and the Construction of Australian Imagination of Aru Islands, 1869-1937
Authors: Rasyid Rangga Ardia
Published: July 2024

In the early 20th century, the Aru Islands emerged as an economic centre in Eastern Indonesia’s lesser known region. Australian pearling industry entry into its maritime zone created the “Pearl Rush”. This western-mode of natural exploitation shaped Aru’s conception as a thriving pearling centre. This image of Aru was therefore a direct result of a constructed imagination reinforced by the active Australian pearling zone. Movement of Australian mariners and pearling fleets influenced the public views of the region, as reflected in the Australian newspapers and popular magazines. Such views connected the Aru Islands’ image into the greater “Pearl Zone” of North and Western Australian cities. This paper examines how Australia’s views of Aru’s natural resources impacted and shaped the understanding of the islands’ commercial role and it will highlight the role of the pearling industry in creating the allure of imagined valuable resources, which paved the way for its exploitation.
Ke Mana Arah Historiografi Indonesia Hari Ini?
Authors: Utama Wildan Sena
Published: July 2024

Indonesiasentris dianggap merupakan pendekatan yang tepat dalam penulisan sejarah Indonesia; ia mendekolonisasi pandangan Eropasentris atau lebih spesifiknya Neerlandosentris yang telah mengakar sebelumnya dengan mengangkat agensi orang-orang Indonesia sebagai subjek utama dalam sejarahnya sendiri. Secara historis, benih-benih dari Indonesiasentris lahir dari kesadaran kritis yang timbul dalam awal abad ke-20 didorong oleh para sarjana Belanda yang terpengaruh oleh ilmu sosiologi dalam merekonstruksi sejarah Indonesia. Dari titik ini embrio Indonesiasentris terkonseptualisasi lebih jelas ketika Indonesia bertransisi dari rezim kekuasaan kolonial menjadi negara baru pascakolonial yang membutuhkan konstruksi identitas yang baru. Desakan terhadap pendekatan Indonesiasentris muncul dalam iklim dekolonisasi di tahun 1950an saat para sarjana, intelektual, dan sejarawan yang saat itu jumlahnya masih terbatas membutuhkan sebuah formulasi yang dapat memayungi penulisan sejarah Indonesia yang ‘baru’, yang mampu membingkai narasi dan merepresentasikan rupa dari sebuah negara-bangsa yang baru muncul. Namun, dekolonisasi untuk menciptakan ‘manusia baru’ seperti yang diungkapkan oleh Frantz Fanon dalam karya klasiknya The Wretched of the Earth belum menciptakan karya tentang sejarah Indonesia seperti yang diharapkan, malahan ia melahirkan ‘mitos-mitos baru’ yang dipengaruhi oleh pandangan nasionalisme yang sempit. Dalam kondisi negara-bangsa yang masih baru dan rentan terkoyak akibat dipenuhi berbagai ragam tantangan, konflik antara pusat dan daerah, ketidakstabilan politik, dan perdebatan yang belum selesai atas sistem politik negara, maka penciptaan mitos-mitos yang dipenuhi oleh semangat nasionalis cenderung dilakukan.
Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Human Capital on Corporate Digitalization
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin
Published: July 2024

Using panel data from A-share listed companies between 2007 and 2021, this study empirically examines the theoretical mechanisms through which human capital influences the digitalization of Chinese enterprises. The findings reveal that upgrading corporate human capital effectively empowers the digitalization of Chinese firms, a conclusion that is robust across a series of tests. Mechanism analysis indicates that the enhancement of human capital primarily facilitates corporate digitalization through improvements in R&D innovation and management levels. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive impact of human capital upgrading on corporate digitalization is more pronounced in the eastern and central regions, technology-intensive firms, and high-tech enterprises. These conclusions provide valuable insights for further promoting corporate human capital enhancement and digitalization.
ETHNIC STUDY OF ADUWA KO JAANR, A LESSER-KNOWN FERMENTED GINGER MILD ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE OF EASTERN HIMALAYAS
Authors: RAI AAWAJ KULOONG , JOSHI SANTA RAM
Published: July 2024

Consumption of fermented foods and beverages is a part of the dietary cultures of the Himalayan community and is prevalent amongst various ethnic groups in this region. Native of the Himalayan range ferment food and beverages using 'ethno-microbiological' knowledge acquired and practiced since ages, which lacks documentation. This knowledge is transmitted through practice and verbally to new generations. Women folk are engaged in this traditional fermentation culture with cultural and ethnic significance. In addition to its distinctive tastes, fermented foods and beverages provide health advantages to indigenous people. It becomes essential to highlight their scientific value due to their health benefits and ethnic relevance. The diverse nature of fermented foods and beverages, the fermentation process, and the traditional knowledge behind fermentation are a heritage of the eastern Himalayas. Traditional fermentation, in which raw materials are organic and natural starter culture is used, is part of the people's socio-economic lifestyle. Their preservation highlights organic and conventional practices as an excellent alternative to a healthy lifestyle. The present study documents a lesser-known mild-alcoholic fermented beverage, 'Aduwa ko Jaanr,' from the Eastern Himalayan region. A steady decline in traditional fermentation practices has recently been observed due to changes in food habits and culinary practices.
REVIEW ON CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF GENUS JUNIPER
Authors: MAJID GHINA ABDUL , ALI HIJAZI MOHAMAD , EL LAKANY ABDALLA , ABOUL ELA MAHA
Published: July 2024

Juniper species belonging to the family Cupressaceae are evergreen shrubs or trees that thrive in dry, rocky, or sandy soils. There are roughly 67 species in the genus, all indigenous to the northern hemisphere. Several species of this genus have been reported to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. Additionally, some species have been shown to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties in Parkinson's disease patients. The majority of these activities are caused by the phytochemical constituents found in these species. This article covers most of the constituents of plants of the genus juniper reported from 2010 to 2023. Furthermore, the biological activities of plants of the genus juniper are presented.
A SIMULATION APPROACH FOR NOVEL 1,3,4 THIADIAZOLE ACETAMIDE MOIETIES AS POTENT ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL AGENTS
Authors: VARGHESE SAIRA SUSAN , MATHEWS SANTHOSH M.
Published: July 2024

Objective: To design novel series of 1,3,4 thiadiazoles and to evaluate their anti-mycobacterial potency via In silico modeling.
Methods: In silico modeling comprising of Lipinski rule evaluation, ADMET prediction, Molecular docking and Simulation studies aimed to identify potent 1,3,4 thiadiazoles.
Results: The various physiochemical parameters and molecular descriptors of the proposed 1,3,4 thiadiazoles were predicted. And they exhibited good binding score compared with standard drug INH. The simulation studies showed minimal fluctuation of the ligand receptor complexes.
Conclusion: The MD simulation and binding affinity of designed 1,3,4 thiadiazoles proved their  efficiency as InhA inhibitors. The potency of the selected derivatives can be confirmed by further in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Exploring the Physiological Traits of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Cultivated in a Sandponics Growing System
Authors: Salman Jehan Rashed , K. Abd-Alwahab Suaad.
Published: July 2024

Sandponics is an advanced system that promotes food security. It involves growing plants and fish together in a recycled ecosystem that uses natural bacterial cycles to use fish waste as plant nutrition. Eggplant is considered one of the most important crops known for its nutritional benefits. Eggplant (French Flomorin species), were grown in Sandponics panels and regular ground, where five plants were randomly selected from each experimental unit in the vegetative growth stage, physiological indicators and antioxidant were recorded. The results showed that there was a significant difference for water quality in total chlorophyll content, showing higher levels in plants irrigated with fish-free water than those with fish water, and there were no significant differences for water quality in chlorophyll A concentration and chlorophyll B concentration. The results also indicate that there is a significant difference between water quality for the concentration of glutathione, as the highest concentration was recorded in fruits irrigated with fish water compared to fruits irrigated with fish-free water. While there is a significant difference between the quality of water for the concentration of proline, as the highest concentration was recorded in fruits irrigated with fish-free water compared to fruits irrigated with fish wat. There are significant differences in water quality for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and iron. The average concentrations are higher when watered with fish water, compared to the average concentrations when irrigated with fish-free water. ‏
Impact of Filtration on Grey Water Quality: A Comprehensive Analysis of Christian Hospital Taxila's Grey Water before and after Treatment
Authors: Rafiq Arnold , Babar Mustafeez , Abbas Damin , Masih Daud
Published: July 2024

Grey water, defined as wastewater excluding toilet effluents, contains varying levels of contaminants and necessitates precise reuse strategies. This study focuses on the treatment of grey water sources with relatively lower levels of contaminants, specifically excluding those from toilets which contribute the majority of harmful substances such as chemicals, body lipids, and oils. The study evaluated the physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters of household grey water, including pH, conductivity, turbidity, and the presence of elements such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium, as well as contaminants like nitrates and sulfates. The treatment system employed consisted of multiple filtration stages using sand, coconut husk, pebbles, activated charcoal, limestone, and gravel, complemented by reverse osmosis. Results indicated significant improvements post-treatment: normalization of pH, reduced conductivity, elimination of color, and substantial reductions in major contaminants. Notably, the system achieved 100% removal of E. coli, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms. The findings underscore the effectiveness of greywater treatment in reducing water toxicity and enhancing its suitability for various applications, thereby contributing to pollution reduction and resource conservation. Such recycling initiatives can significantly address water scarcity issues and encourage sustainable water resource management.
A Review on Fire Accidents in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Sekhar Gopisetti Chandra
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Electric vehicles are replacing internal combustion engines drastically because of high performance and efficiencies compared to internal combustion engines. Weight and cost of production are also very low compared to ICE's. Nowadays electric vehicle usage is high and some of the EVs are catching fire because of various external factors. In this study, we are going to identify the factors for fire accidents in Electric vehicles by following real-life case studies and discuss some safety measures to prevent the vehicles from catching fire.
Server-Assisted Security Model for Edge Computing: A Packet Tracking Approach
Authors: VA Mamlesh
Published: July 2024

Abstract: In current network systems, many applications run on edge computing devices, but these devices often lack safety and security measures to protect against hackers. To address this issue, we have developed a prototype model that enhances security. Our model connects the edge computing device to a main server via a socket connection. If the edge device detects any threats, it can alert the server immediately
Comparison of Dry, Wet and Microwave Digestion Procedures for the Determination of Heavy Metal in Yoghurt Samples
Authors: Bansal Aarti
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This work proposes a novel technique for utilizing the most suitable digestion process to determine concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Al, As, Zn, and Fe in Yoghurt samples using AAS. Conventional digestion techniques often involve time-consuming and tedious procedures, which leads to the loss of analyte and reduced accuracy. In this study, we propose the utilization of microwave-assisted digestion, a rapid and efficient technique that offers complete digestion of the samples and minimizes the risk of analyte loss. In order to get optimal efficiency and precision, this study outlines the optimization of the microwave-assisted digestion parameters, such as power, time, and reagent concentrations. The proposed method was validated by calculating the recovery % among dry, wet and microwave digestion methods. Results show that among all, the recovery percentage was found to be highest in the microwave digestion method.
Inconsistency in freedom of contract for banking dispute resolution in Indonesia
Authors: Suryadi Suryadi , Marwa Muhammad Habibi Miftakhul , Muhammadi Fauzan , Zuliyah Siti , Megawati Megawati
Published: July 2024

This research interprets the manner and existence of contradictions in POJK No. 61/POJK.07/2020's declaration regarding the freedom of contract while choosing banking dispute resolution forums. Primary and secondary legal materials comprise most of the secondary data in this normative legal study. The information was gathered from the literature and examined using analytical and interpretive methods. The study's findings emphasised how Indonesian banking dispute resolution forums are chosen inconsistently with the idea of freedom of contract. The findings demonstrated the necessity of legal harmony in rulemaking to guarantee the coherence and consistency of all legal principles underlying different laws. This article argues that legal harmony is essential for aligning various legal concepts across diverse regulations and significantly contributes to the identification of the policy's inconsistency, which restricts the ability to choose a banking dispute settlement venue without restriction. The findings of this study may provide the basis for more research on how the policy affects banks and their clients. The findings could also be used as a reference for policymakers to improve the current policy and to ensure that the principle of freedom of contract is preserved in banking dispute resolution. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the current policy and its impact on the banking industry in Indonesia.
Relationship between Diabetes and Hyperuricemia in Zakho city – Kurdistan region of Iraq: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gardi Brisik
Published: July 2024

Objective: This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to explore the prevalence of hyperuricemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and identify associated factors.
Methods: A total of 228 adult patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. Data including demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, and serum uric acid levels were collected from medical records. Patients were categorized into two groups based on uric acid levels: hyperuricemia (≥7 mg/dL for males, ≥6 mg/dL for females) and non-hyperuricemic. Descriptive statistics and unpaired t-tests were utilized for analysis.
Results: A total of 228 patient were included (60.53% of them were female), according to standard guidelines hyperuricemia was defined as (≥ 7 mg/dl for male and ≤ 6 mg/dl for female) among them, 39.47% exhibited hyperuricemia. Mean uric acid level was 5.84±2.03. Significant associations were observed between uric acid levels and age (p = 0.0003), marital status (p = 0.0358), duration of diabetes (p = 0.0013), and HbA1c levels (p < 0.0001). However, other factors such as gender, smoking status, family history of diabetes, body mass index, and waist circumference did not show significant associations with uric acid levels.
Conclusion: This study highlights a notable prevalence of hyperuricemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Factors such as older age, longer duration of diabetes, and poorer glycemic control were associated with higher uric acid levels. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and managing uric acid levels in diabetic patients to mitigate potential metabolic complications. Further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of this relationship.