bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum simulation of an extended Dicke model with a magnetic solid
Authors: Marquez Peraca Nicolas , Li Xinwei , Moya Jaime M. , Hayashida Kenji , Kim Dasom , Ma Xiaoxuan , Neubauer Kelly J. , Fallas Padilla Diego , Huang Chien-Lung , Dai Pengcheng , Nevidomskyy Andriy H. , Pu Han , Morosan Emilia , Cao Shixun , Bamba Motoaki , Kono Junichiro
Published: March 2024

The Dicke model describes the cooperative interaction of an ensemble of two-level atoms with a single-mode photonic field and exhibits a quantum phase transition as a function of light–matter coupling strength. Extending this model by incorporating short-range atom–atom interactions makes the problem intractable but is expected to produce new physical phenomena and phases. Here, we simulate such an extended Dicke model using a crystal of ErFeO3, where the role of atoms (photons) is played by Er3+ spins (Fe3+ magnons). Through terahertz spectroscopy and magnetocaloric effect measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field, we demonstrated the existence of a novel atomically ordered phase in addition to the superradiant and normal phases that are expected from the standard Dicke model. Further, we elucidated the nature of the phase boundaries in the temperature–magnetic-field phase diagram, identifying both first-order and second-order phase transitions. These results lay the foundation for studying multiatomic quantum optics models using well-characterized many-body solid-state systems.
On-chip light sheet illumination for nanoparticle tracking in microfluidic channels
Authors: Travers Théo , Delhaye Gaétan , Werts Martinus H. V. , Gindre Denis , Loumaigne Matthieu
Published: March 2024

A simple and inexpensive method is presented to efficiently integrate light sheet illumination in a microfluidic chip for dark-field microscopic tracking and sizing of nanoparticles.
High-performance one-dimensional halide perovskite crossbar memristors and synapses for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Vishwanath Sujaya Kumar , Febriansyah Benny , Ng Si En , Das Tisita , Acharya Jyotibdha , John Rohit Abraham , Sharma Divyam , Dananjaya Putu Andhita , Jagadeeswararao Metikoti , Tiwari Naveen , Kulkarni Mohit Ramesh Chandra , Lew Wen Siang , Chakraborty Sudip , Basu Arindam , Mathews Nripan
Published: March 2024

Pyridinium-templated one-dimensional (1D) halide perovskites are studied as crossbar memristive materials for artificial neural networks with higher on–off ratios, enhanced endurance, and superior retention characteristics.
A microrheological examination of insulin-secreting β-cells in healthy and diabetic-like conditions
Authors: Woolley Lukas , Burbidge Adam , Vermant Jan , Christakopoulos Fotis
Published: March 2024

We provide an insight into the compliance of β-cells and explore structural changes in conditions relevant to type-2 diabetes, showing an altered transport behavior and hindering the effective control of insulin secretion.
Toward morphologically relevant extracellular matrix: nanofiber-hydrogel composites for tumor cell culture
Authors: Liu Xingxing , Ren Yueying , Fu Sijia , Chen Xinan , Hu Mengbo , Wang Fujun , Wang Lu , Li Chaojing
Published: March 2024

The natural extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of a continuous integrated fibrin network and a negatively charged proteoglycan-based matrix.
Bandgap engineering and Schottky barrier modulation of ultra-wide bandgap Si-doped β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 single crystals
Authors: Liu Yiyuan , He Qiming , Mu Wenxiang , Jia Zhitai , Xu Guangwei , Long Shibing , Tao Xutang
Published: March 2024

In order to balance the contradiction between on and off performances of the Schottky diodes, Si-doped β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 (β-AlGaO) single crystals were designed based on the bandgap and impurity engineering of β-Ga2O3.
Ratiometric dual-emitting thermometers based on rhodamine B dye-incorporated (nano) curcumin periodic mesoporous organosilicas for bioapplications
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Premcheska Simona , Skirtach Andre , Poelman Dirk , Kaczmarek Anna M. , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: March 2024

This study explores the potential of combining periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with a fluorescent dye to develop a ratiometric thermometry system with enhanced stability, sensitivity, and biocompatibility.
A novel selenophene based non-fullerene acceptor for near-infrared organic photodetectors with ultra-low dark current
Authors: Qiao Zhuoran , He Qiao , Scaccabarozzi Alberto D. , Panidi Julianna , Marsh Adam , Han Yang , Jacoutot Polina , Nodari Davide , Zhang Tianyi , Way Amirah , White Andrew J. P. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Tsoi Wing Chung , Bakulin Artem A. , Heeney Martin , Fei Zhuping , Gasparini Nicola
Published: March 2024

Organic photodetectors have great potential in near-infrared applications. Here we develop new non-fullerene acceptors with detection above 800 nm and demonstrated large area devices with record performances.
A novel isophorone-based fluorescent probe for recognizing Al3+ and its bioimaging in plants
Authors: Zhao Yanna , Wang Yuqi , Zhang Yingying , Bai Xiaowei , Hou Wentong , Huang Yuqing
Published: March 2024

Aluminium ions (Al3+) are widely present in industries and daily life and are closely related to human health and environmental protection.
A screening method for the quantitative determination of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) in capsules by high resolution 19F- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Maccelli Alessandro , Borioni Anna , Aureli Federica , Gaudiano Maria Cristina , Manna Livia , Raimondo Mariangela
Published: March 2024

A new method for rapid determination of selective androgenic receptor modulators (SARMs) andarine, cardarine, ligandrol, ostarine and S-23 in capsules by 1H- and 19F-high resolution NMR spectroscopy was described and validated.
Phenalenyl growth reactions and implications for prenucleation chemistry of aromatics in flames
Authors: Frenklach Michael , Jasper Ahren W. , Mebel Alexander M.
Published: March 2024

Phenalenyl growth reactions were studied theoretically. Application of the computed rate constants to all π radicals revealed that the PAH growth proceeds via alternating and sterically diverse acetylene and methyl HACA additions.
Suppression of the plasmon-quenching effect on light amplification in 20-μm-diameter plasmonic whispering gallery mode resonators fabricated from bowl-shaped organic/metal thin films
Authors: Takaishi Minami , Komino Takeshi , Kameda Akihiro , Togawa Kyosuke , Yokomatsu Tokuji , Maenaka Kazusuke , Tajima Hiroyuki
Published: March 2024

20-μm-diameter WGM resonators that include a terfluorene emission layer and a 10-nm-thick layer of Al or Ag were investigated. The plasmon-quenching effect on amplified spontaneous emission was effectively suppressed by the resonator structure.
Carbon nanotubes as a nanocatalyst and nanoreactor for the efficient treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater via CaSO3 activation
Authors: Wang Haoqi , Liu Xiaohong , Wang Yanlan , Tian Yiqun , Huang Yingping , Huang Di , Liu Xiang
Published: March 2024

Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reported as an efficient catalyst and nanoreactor for activating CaSO3 for water decontamination.
Dietary fiber and polyphenols from whole grains: effects on the gut and health improvements
Authors: Wei Xun , Wang Jianhui , Wang Yaxuan , Zhao Yilin , Long Yan , Tan Bin , Li Qing X. , Dong Zhenying , Wan Xiangyuan
Published: March 2024

Cereal dietary fiber and polyphenols improve the intestinal environment and human health
Anti-cancer activity and mechanism of flurbiprofen organoselenium compound RY-1-92 in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cui Bo , Cheng Xianda , Zhang Xin , Chen Lili , Pang Wenqian , Liu Yue , Yang Zhe , Li Hui , He Xianran , Li Xiaolong , Bi Xiuli
Published: March 2024

Flurbiprofen organic selenium compound RY-1-92 has anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer by targeting TRPV1 and its downstream MAPK signaling.
Analytical modelling of the transport in analog filamentary conductive-metal-oxide/HfOx ReRAM devices
Authors: Falcone Donato Francesco , Menzel Stephan , Stecconi Tommaso , Galetta Matteo , La Porta Antonio , Offrein Bert Jan , Bragaglia Valeria
Published: March 2024

The recent co-optimization of memristive technologies and programming algorithms enabled neural networks training with in-memory computing systems.
Practical photocatalytic hydroalkylation of alkenes with chloroacetates mediated by the formate ion
Authors: Malakhova Ekaterina V. , Kostromitin Vladislav S. , Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D.
Published: March 2024

Commodity chemicals are used as alkylating and reducing agents for radical addition to alkenes. The method is based on activation of the strong C–Cl bond by the radical anion of carbon dioxide.
A Pd(ii)-catalyzed denitrative alkyne annulation reaction for the synthesis of cyclopenta[b]chromanes
Authors: Bhorali Pratiksha , Kalita Deep J. , Das Babulal , Gogoi Sanjib
Published: March 2024

The first denitrative Pd(ii)-catalyzed alkyne annulation reaction is reported for the synthesis of cyclopenta[b]chromanes.
Rare-earth-based chalcogenides and their derivatives: an encouraging IR nonlinear optical material candidate
Authors: Feng Ping , Zhang Jia-Xiang , Ran Mao-Yin , Wu Xin-Tao , Lin Hua , Zhu Qi-Long
Published: March 2024

Non-centrosymmetric rare-earth-based chalcogenides and their derivatives could offer novel insights into the targeted design and exploratory synthesis of new IR nonlinear optical candidates.
Regulation of the microenvironment of Pb2O3@Bi2O3-tube by structural reconstruction for boosting the electrochemical ozone production performance
Authors: Shi Huaijie , Wang Xiaosa , Peng Xiaoge , Xue Mingzhe , Xue Yufeng , Gao Fengying , Zhong Xing , Wang Jianguo
Published: March 2024

The morphological reconfiguration of Pb2O3@Bi2O3-tube could optimized the surface microenvironment and enhanced electrochemical properties (FEO3 = 11.29%). And the excellent electrochemical degradation implied the potential environmental application of Pb2O3@Bi2O3-tube.
Suppression of ion migration in lead-free zero-dimensional perovskite FA3BiBr6 single crystals for X-ray detection
Authors: Ji Kangyu , Wang Wenjun , Ma Yuanbo , Wang Zihan , Liu Xuepeng , Ye Jiajiu , Zhang Shu , Pan Xu , Dai Songyuan
Published: March 2024

We synthesized a new type of perovskite single crystal FA3BiBr6, which can effectively solve the problems of device performance degradation and dark current drift caused by ion migration in perovskite X-ray detection applications.
Enhanced thermal conductivity and self‐healing property of PUDA/boron nitride micro‐sheets composites with a small number of graphene nano‐platelets
Authors: Zhang Shiyu , Shang Zhihui , Ding Dongliang , Wang Xu , Wu Ya , Nian Shifeng , Liu Zhenguo , Zhang Qiuyu , Chen Yanhui
Published: March 2024

Self‐healing polyurethane diacrylate (PUDA) composites with outstanding thermal conductivity were prepared with variable boron nitride (BN) and a small number of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) (1 wt%). The thermal conductivity of PUDA composites containing 1 wt% GNPs and 29 wt% BN reached 1.73 W/(m·K), showing 27.2% increment compared to PUDA composites only with 30 wt% BN. BN and GNPs mutually promoted the dispersion in the PUDA matrix, and the small number of GNPs was enough to bridge the gaps between BN, so that GNPs and BN exerted a synergistic enhancement effect on the thermal conductivity of PUDA composites with a synergistic efficiency of 1.343. The PUDA composites maintained the tensile strength of 8.21 MPa with good electrical insulation (4.55 × 109 Ω cm). The high degrees of recovery of mechanical strength (>90%) and thermal conductivities (>84%) were also realised by the healing effect of the reversible DA reaction. The PUDA composites with excellent comprehensive properties show broad application potential in the thermal management of electronic devices.
Radial and azimuthal gradients of the moving groups in Gaia DR3: The slow and fast bar degeneracy problem
Authors: Bernet M. , Ramos P. , Antoja T. , Monari G. , Famaey B.
Published: March 2024

Context. The structure and dynamics of the central bar of the Milky Way (MW) are still under debate whilst being fundamental ingredients for the evolution of our Galaxy. The recent Gaia DR3 offers an unprecedented detailed view of the 6D phase space of the MW, allowing for a better understanding of the complex imprints of the bar on the phase space.

Aims. We aim to identify and characterise the dynamical moving groups across the MW disc, and use their large-scale distribution to help constrain the properties of the Galactic bar.

Methods. We used 1D wavelet transforms of the azimuthal velocity (Vϕ) distribution in bins of radial velocity to robustly detect the kinematic substructure in the Gaia DR3 catalogue. We then connected these structures across the disc to measure the azimuthal (ϕ) and radial (R) gradients of Vϕ of the moving groups. We simulated thousands of perturbed distribution functions using backward integration, sweeping a large portion of parameter space of feasible Galaxy models that include a bar, in order to compare them with the data and to explore and quantify the degeneracies.

Results. The radial gradient of the Hercules moving group (∂Vϕ/∂R = 28.1 ± 2.8 km s−1 kpc−1) cannot be reproduced by our simple models of the Galaxy that show much larger slopes both for a fast and a slow bar. This suggests the need for more complex dynamics (e.g. a different bar potential, spiral arms, a slowing bar, a complex circular velocity curve, external perturbations, etc.). We measured an azimuthal gradient for Hercules of ∂Vϕ/∂ϕ = −0.63 ± 0.13 km s−1 deg−1 and find that it is compatible with both the slow and fast bar models. Our analysis points out that in using this type of analysis, at least two moving groups are needed to start breaking the degeneracies.

Conclusions. We conclude that it is not sufficient for a model to replicate the local velocity distribution; it must also capture its larger-scale variations. The accurate quantification of the gradients, especially in the azimuthal direction, will be key for the understanding of the dynamics governing the disc.
Effects of galaxy environment on merger fraction
Authors: Pearson W. J. , Santos D. J. D. , Goto T. , Huang T.-C. , Kim S. J. , Matsuhara H. , Pollo A. , Ho S. C.-C. , Hwang H. S. , Małek K. , Nakagawa T. , Romano M. , Serjeant S. , Suelves L. E. , Shim H. , White G. J.
Published: March 2024

Aims.In this work we examine how environment influences the merger fraction, from the low density field environment to higher density groups and clusters. We also study how the properties of a group or cluster, as well as the position of a galaxy in the group or cluster, influences the merger fraction.

Methods.We identified galaxy groups and clusters in the North Ecliptic Pole using a friends-of-friends algorithm and the local density. Once identified, we determined the central galaxies, group radii, velocity dispersions, and group masses of these groups and clusters. Merging systems were identified with a neural network as well as visually. With these identifications and properties of groups and clusters and merging galaxy identifications, we examined how the merger fraction changes as the local density changes for all galaxies as well as how the merger fraction changes as the properties of the groups or clusters change.

Results.We find that the merger fraction increases as local density increases and decreases as the velocity dispersion increases, as is often found in the literature. A decrease in merger fraction as the group mass increases is also found. We also find that groups with larger radii have higher merger fractions. The number of galaxies in a group does not influence the merger fraction.

Conclusions.The decrease in merger fraction as group mass increases is a result of the link between group mass and velocity dispersion. Hence, this decrease in merger fraction with increasing mass is a result of the decrease of merger fraction with velocity dispersion. The increasing relation between group radii and merger fraction may be a result of larger groups having smaller velocity dispersion at a larger distance from the centre or larger groups hosting smaller, infalling groups with more mergers. However, we do not find evidence of smaller groups having higher merger fractions.
Tri des cellules sénescentes par cytométrie en flux
Authors: Rodzinski Élodie , Martin Nathalie , Rouget Raphael , Pioger Adrien , Dehennaut Vanessa , Molendi-Coste Olivier , Dombrowicz David , Goy Erwan , de Launoit Yvan , Abbadie Corinne
Published: March 2024

La sénescence est un état d’adaptation des cellules au stress qui contribue au vieillissement et au développement de nombreuses maladies. Étudier les voies moléculaires modulant l’induction, le maintien ou l’échappement de la sénescence est compliqué par la contamination des populations de cellules sénescentes par des cellules proliférantes pré- ou post-sénescentes. Pour contourner cette difficulté, nous avons développé un protocole de tri par cytométrie en flux, fondé sur trois marqueurs majeurs de sénescence (l’activité SA-β-galactosidase, la taille et la granularité des cellules), qui permet de trier des cellules sénescentes viables, à des degrés choisis d’engagement dans le phénotype.
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense group 2 experimental in vivo life cycle: from procyclic to bloodstream form
Authors: Juban Paola , Bart Jean-Mathieu , Ségard Adeline , Jamonneau Vincent , Ravel Sophie
Published: March 2024

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tbg) group 2 is a subgroup of trypanosomes able to infect humans and is found in West and Central Africa. Unlike other agents causing sleeping sickness, such as Tbg group 1 and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Tbg2 lacks the typical molecular markers associated with resistance to human serum. Only 36 strains of Tbg2 have been documented, and therefore, very limited research has been conducted despite their zoonotic nature. Some of these strains are only available in their procyclic form, which hinders human serum resistance assays and mechanistic studies. Furthermore, the understanding of Tbg2’s potential to infect tsetse flies and mammalian hosts is limited. In this study, 165 Glossina palpalis gambiensis flies were experimentally infected with procyclic Tbg2 parasites. It was found that 35 days post-infection, 43 flies out of the 80 still alive were found to be Tbg2 PCR-positive in the saliva. These flies were able to infect 3 out of the 4 mice used for blood-feeding. Dissection revealed that only six flies in fact carried mature infections in their midguts and salivary glands. Importantly, a single fly with a mature infection was sufficient to infect a mammalian host. This Tbg2 transmission success confirms that Tbg2 strains can establish in tsetse flies and infect mammalian hosts. This study describes an effective in vivo protocol for transforming Tbg2 from procyclic to bloodstream form, reproducing the complete Tbg2 cycle from G. p. gambiensis to mice. These findings provide valuable insights into Tbg2’s host infectivity, and will facilitate further research on mechanisms of human serum resistance.
SFM Fetal Therapy Practice Guidelines: Fetal Medical Therapy
Authors: Vikraman Seneesh Kumar , Bhatt Reema Kumar
Published: March 2024

Fetal medical therapy encompasses a wide range of pharmacological interventions aimed at preventing, treating, or ameliorating specific pathological conditions in the fetus. In contrast to fetal surgery, fetal medical interventions involve administering drugs either through transplacental transfer (maternal oral, intramuscular or intravenous injections) or direct administration to the fetus (intraumbilical, intraamniotic, intramuscular, intraperitoneal and intracardiac). The available interventions can be divided into four categories depending on the impact it has on fetal well-being and physiology, conditions amenable to medical therapy with established benefits, drugs with likely or potential benefits, maternal drug therapy with indirect fetal benefits, and drugs administered for nontherapeutic benefits. Careful selection of the cases, discussion under an institutional review board or a multidisciplinary team, strict adherence to standard guidelines and recommendations, and performance by physicians with adequate expertise are mandatory.
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Treating Lung Cancer with Different Regimens Using the Cheapest and Costliest Brand and the Generic Jan Aushadhi Drugs Marketed in India
Authors: Krishna Abhishek , Palatty Princy Louis , George Thomas , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath
Published: March 2024

Background/Purpose of the Study The costs of chemotherapy drugs which are vital in the treatment of lung cancer can be exorbitant. The current study was undertaken to ascertain cost minimization analysis by comparing costliest and cheapest branded with Jan Aushadhi (JA) drugs marketed in India.

Methods The cost of costliest, cheapest branded, and JA drugs were collected from the designated reference sites. The cost difference, cost ratio, and percentage of cost variation were calculated as per cost minimization study guidelines.

Results The results of the analysis suggest that the JA drugs were much cheaper than the branded drugs and when used in regimens resulted in substantial cost savings. The biggest financial advantage was seen in the commonly used cisplatin–pemetrexed regimen where cost saving of Rs. 268,002 was observed for the whole treatment of six cycles. Using JA drugs also reduced the cost for the targeted therapy with gefitinib and erlotinib.

Conclusion The cost minimization study, which is the first in this field of lung cancer, clearly indicates the usefulness of JA drugs in reducing financial costs for the patient.
3.2.1.1 Encoding Using Double-Stranded DNA: A Headpiece-Based DNA Ligation Strategy
Authors: Zhou Y. , Huang Y. , Xu L. , Xiong F.
Published: March 2024

DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) provide a powerful high-throughput screening platform that is used in both academia and industry. High-quality DELs lay the foundation for reliable DEL selection outcomes, and most pharmaceutical companies would prefer double-stranded DELs (dsDELs) because of their superior stability. Here, we summarize the experimental details for encoding a dsDEL, including the overall encoding strategy, synthetic chemistry of building-block addition, ligation strategies of code elongation, and quality control of the resulting libraries, exemplified with a 320-million-membered benzimidazole dsDEL from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). We also briefly review the successful selection cases involving the presented libraries to highlight the great potential of dsDELs in drug discovery.
Homogeneous water vapor condensation with a deep neural network potential model
Authors: Zhong Shenghui , Shi Zheyu , Zhang Bin , Wen Zhengcheng , Chen Longfei
Published: March 2024

Molecular-level nucleation has not been clearly understood due to the complexity of multi-body potentials and the stochastic, rare nature of the process. This work utilizes molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, incorporating a first-principles-based deep neural network (DNN) potential model, to investigate homogeneous water vapor condensation. The nucleation rates and critical nucleus sizes predicted by the DNN model are compared against commonly used semi-empirical models, namely extended simple point charge (SPC/E), TIP4P, and OPC, in addition to classical nucleation theory (CNT). The nucleation rates from the DNN model are comparable with those from the OPC model yet surpass the rates from the SPC/E and TIP4P models, a discrepancy that could mainly arise from the overestimated bulk free energy by SPC/E and TIP4P. The surface free energy predicted by CNT is lower than that in MD simulations, while its bulk free energy is higher than that in MD simulations, irrespective of the potential model used. Further analysis of cluster properties with the DNN model unveils pronounced variations of O–H bond length and H–O–H bond angle, along with averaged bond lengths and angles that are enlarged during embryonic cluster formation. Properties such as cluster surface free energy and liquid-to-vapor density transition profiles exhibit significant deviations from CNT assumptions.
Footprints of loop extrusion in statistics of intra-chromosomal distances: An analytically solvable model
Authors: Belan Sergey , Parfenyev Vladimir
Published: March 2024

Active loop extrusion—the process of formation of dynamically growing chromatin loops due to the motor activity of DNA–binding protein complexes—is a firmly established mechanism responsible for chromatin spatial organization at different stages of a cell cycle in eukaryotes and bacteria. The theoretical insight into the effect of loop extrusion on the experimentally measured statistics of chromatin conformation can be gained with an appropriately chosen polymer model. Here, we consider the simplest analytically solvable model of an interphase chromosome, which is treated as an ideal chain with disorder of sufficiently sparse random loops whose conformations are sampled from the equilibrium ensemble. This framework allows us to arrive at the closed-form analytical expression for the mean-squared distance between pairs of genomic loci, which is valid beyond the one-loop approximation in diagrammatic representation. In addition, we analyze the loop-induced deviation of chain conformations from the Gaussian statistics by calculating kurtosis of probability density of the pairwise separation vector. The presented results suggest the possible ways of estimating the characteristics of the loop extrusion process based on the experimental data on the scale-dependent statistics of intra-chromosomal pair-wise distances.
Variable aging and storage of dissolved black carbon in the ocean
Authors: Coppola Alysha I. , Druffel Ellen R. M. , Broek Taylor A. , Haghipour Negar , Eglinton Timothy I. , McCarthy Matthew , Walker Brett D.
Published: March 2024

During wildfires and fossil fuel combustion, biomass is converted to black carbon (BC) via incomplete combustion. BC enters the ocean by rivers and atmospheric deposition contributing to the marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. The fate of BC is considered to reside in the marine DOC pool, where the oldest BC
14
C ages have been measured (>20,000
14
C y), implying long-term storage. DOC is the largest exchangeable pool of organic carbon in the oceans, yet most DOC (>80%) remains molecularly uncharacterized. Here, we report
14
C measurements on size-fractionated dissolved BC (DBC) obtained using benzene polycarboxylic acids as molecular tracers to constrain the sources and cycling of DBC and its contributions to refractory DOC (RDOC) in a site in the North Pacific Ocean. Our results reveal that the cycling of DBC is more dynamic and heterogeneous than previously believed though it does not comprise a single, uniformly “old”
14
C age. Instead, both semilabile and refractory DBC components are distributed among size fractions of DOC. We report that DBC cycles within DOC as a component of RDOC, exhibiting turnover in the ocean on millennia timescales. DBC within the low-molecular-weight DOC pool is large, environmentally persistent and constitutes the size fraction that is responsible for long-term DBC storage. We speculate that sea surface processes, including bacterial remineralization (via the coupling of photooxidation of surface DBC and bacterial co-metabolism), sorption onto sinking particles and surface photochemical oxidation, modify DBC composition and turnover, ultimately controlling the fate of DBC and RDOC in the ocean.
Another voice for another language?
Authors: Drouillet Lucie , Astésano Corine , Alazard-Guiu Charlotte
Published: March 2024

This study examines crosslinguistic vocal register variations (pitch level and range) within speakers of L1
French-L2 English and L1 English-L2 French. Participants were recorded on three tasks: reading aloud, video retelling, and free
speech, in both French and English. A separate analysis of the f 0 of voiced pauses in relation to vocal register is presented. The
main hypothesis is that French is spoken on a higher vocal register than English, the difference being due to the divergent prosodic systems of the two languages, as opposed to an effect of the language status for the speaker (L1 or L2). The results partially
confirm it, although the L1 and the task type influence the language effect. In addition, results indicate that pitch level and
pitch range can vary independently; that the task has a significant effect on vocal register; and that the f 0 of voiced pauses is
lower than the average speaking f 0, thus impacting its measure and raising methodological issues for the study of vocal
register.
Changes in the translator’s position on the author and readers
Authors: Lee Sang-Bin
Published: March 2024

This study explores the evolving perspectives of a Korean feminist translator through a detailed analysis of translatorial peritexts in three editions of Virginia Woolf’s Three Guineas. The first edition is a heavily edited translation tailored for uninitiated readers, featuring omissions of Woolf’s voluminous notes and additions such as chapter summaries and glossaries. The second edition includes a postface written as a letter to Woolf, where the translator critiques Woolf’s feminism and suggests postcolonial feminism as a better framework for Korean women. The final edition is a full translation with an introduction and notes from a renowned scholar, where the translator refrains from critiquing Woolf, focusing instead on expanding Woolf’s ideas and the scholar’s commentary. This study reveals various aspects of paratextuality, such as the variability of translatorial peritexts, tensions between authorial text and translatorial peritext, and the relation of the translator’s peritexts to their perceptions of the author and readers.
Model-based compensation of a concave nonlinear hysteresis in the electro-hydraulic pisition servo system
Authors: Sang Yong , Liao Lianjie , Guo Lianlong , Jiang Luming , Liu Jiakuo
Published: March 2024

Nonlinearity exerts a profound influence on the displacement performance of actuators within electro-hydraulic servo systems, particularly in the context of hysteresis. This article analyses a specific hysteresis responsible for control instability, a consequence of the concave-hysteresis loop, giving rise to a notable peak phenomenon in displacement. The behavior of the concave-hysteresis loop is studied in the step load experiment of a triaxial apparatus. Subsequently, an accurately formulated mathematical model utilizing a mathematical function is derived. Notably, the article introduces an efficacious model-based compensation algorithm that integrates nonlinear iteration and fuzzy control. This strategic approach effectively addresses the issue associated with calculating the inverse model when the sensor is located in a nonlinear, hook-shaped domain. Simulation and experimentation verified the concave-hysteresis loop model and the compensation algorithm. The experiment demonstrated the elimination of peak phenomena and a decrease in sensor error from 3.7 mm to below 0.5 mm.
An interactive method based on multi-objective optimization for limited-angle CT reconstruction
Authors: Wang Chengxiang , Xia Yuanmei , Wang Jiaxi , Zhao Kequan , Peng Wei , Yu Wei
Published: March 2024

Objective. Limited-angle x-ray computed tomography (CT) is a typical ill-posed inverse problem, leading to artifacts in the reconstructed image due to the incomplete projection data. Most iteration CT reconstruction methods involve optimization for a single object. This paper explores a multi-objective optimization model and an interactive method based on multi-objective optimization to suppress the artifacts of limited-angle CT. Approach. The model includes two objective functions on the dual domain within the data consistency constraint. In the interactive method, the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) is regarded as the value function of the decision maker (DM) firstly. Secondly, the DM arranges the objective functions of the multi-objective optimization model to be optimized according to their absolute importance. Finally, the SSIM and the simulated annealing (SA) method help the DM choose the desirable reconstruction image by improving the SSIM value during the iteration process. Main results. Simulation and real data experiments demonstrate that the artifacts can be suppressed by the proposed method, and the results were superior to those reconstructed by the other three reconstruction methods in preserving the edge structure of the image. Significance. The proposed interactive method based on multi-objective optimization shows some potential advantages over classical single object optimization methods.
ZnPc based multifunctional devices designed as fast capacitors, rectifiers, infrared detectors and microwave resonators adequate for 6 G technology applications
Authors: Qasrawi A F , Daragme Rana B
Published: March 2024

Herein Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) based multifunctional devices are fabricated and characterized. The device fabrication included formation of an Au nanosheets onto n-Si wafers and coating these nanosheets with 500 nm thick ZnPc layer. Silver and platinum were used to form a Schottky and an ohmic contacts with n-Si and ZnPc, respectively. The device hybrid structure (Ag/n-Si/Au/p-ZnPc/Pt; abbreviated as ASZ) is composed of Ag/n-Si Schottky arm and p- and n- layers forming pn junction separated by Au nanosheets. Electrical and photoelectrical measurements on the ASZ devices have shown their ability to perform as conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (CMOS). These CMOS devices showed light and frequency controlled charge accumulation, depletion and inversion mechanisms within the range of 1.0–50 MHz. The flat band and threshold voltages of the ASZ capacitors are engineered by the imposed ac signal frequency and by infrared (IR) light. In addition, ASZ devices performed as biasing controlled IR photosensors and as current rectifiers. A rectification ratio of 103, IR light sensitivity of 39, specific detectivity of .96

×

10

9

Jones and current responsivity exceeding 9.0 mA W−1 are recorded at biasing voltage of 4.5 V. Moreover ASZ devices displayed microwave resonator characteristics presented by negative capacitance effect, resonance –antiresonance phenomena and high microwave cutoff frequency. The latter is larger than 10 GHz nominating the device for 6 G technology applications.
The generation of ultra-long longitudinally polarized optical needle with multi-belt complex phase filter
Authors: Liu Mingyu , Zhang Yang , Li Xiaobing , Sun Jiayang , Wu Wenzhi , Kong Degui
Published: March 2024

In the paper, a multi-belt complex phase filter was optimized by increasing the number of belts and changing phase and amplitude parameters of the filter. By focusing radially polarized sinh-Gaussian beams in single objective system with high-NA lens, longitudinal polarized optical needles were obtained with super-resolution in focal plane. And the super-resolution optical needle owned 36.6λ depth of focus and 0.42λ of full–width at half-maximum. The aspect ratio of the obtained optical needle was 87.14. The beam quality reached to 87.7%. The results demonstrated that the optimized multi-belt complex phase filter can lengthen depth of focus and compress transverse size simultaneously. The obtained longitudinally polarization optical needles can be used in the fields of optical data storage, super-resolution imaging, particle trapping, nanolithography and so on.
How a student becomes a teacher: learning and forgetting through spectral methods
Authors: Giambagli Lorenzo , Buffoni Lorenzo , Chicchi Lorenzo , Fanelli Duccio
Published: March 2024

In theoretical machine learning, the teacher–student paradigm is often employed as an effective metaphor for real-life tuition. A student network is trained on data generated by a fixed teacher network until it matches the instructor’s ability to cope with the assigned task. The above scheme proves particularly relevant when the student network is overparameterized (namely, when larger layer sizes are employed) as compared to the underlying teacher network. Under these operating conditions, it is tempting to speculate that the student ability to handle the given task could be eventually stored in a sub-portion of the whole network. This latter should be to some extent reminiscent of the frozen teacher structure, according to suitable metrics, while being approximately invariant across different architectures of the student candidate network. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art conventional learning techniques could not help in identifying the existence of such an invariant subnetwork, due to the inherent degree of non-convexity that characterizes the examined problem. In this work, we take a decisive leap forward by proposing a radically different optimization scheme which builds on a spectral representation of the linear transfer of information between layers. The gradient is hence calculated with respect to both eigenvalues and eigenvectors with negligible increase in terms of computational and complexity load, as compared to standard training algorithms. Working in this framework, we could isolate a stable student substructure, that mirrors the true complexity of the teacher in terms of computing neurons, path distribution and topological attributes. When pruning unimportant nodes of the trained student, as follows a ranking that reflects the optimized eigenvalues, no degradation in the recorded performance is seen above a threshold that corresponds to the effective teacher size. The observed behavior can be pictured as a genuine second-order phase transition that bears universality traits. Code is available at: https://github.com/Jamba15/Spectral-regularization-teacher-student/tree/master.
Performance of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Rubber Compound Modification
Authors: Muhamad L , Saparin M A , Salleh H
Published: March 2024

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the research on Piezoelectric energy harvester. Piezoelectric energy harvester is capable of producing electrical charge when mechanically deformed. The application is to be used to power up mobile electronic. The common problem in the piezoelectric energy harvester is the material is brittle and causes fatigue failure at the same time the material is relatively costly. One of the method to address this problem is to add a rubber compound layer which can improve the flexibility and power output of the energy harvester. It can also improve the cost per output density of the piezoelectric energy harvester because the rubber compound has low cost. But, currently none of existing literatures explore into this type application. Thus, the objective of this paper is to investigate the voltage output and effectiveness of piezoelectric energy harvester with rubber compound modification. The test in the laboratory was set up to optimize PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) Energy Harvester cantilever beams using rubber compound layer as modification. The tests were conducted using frequency range of 30 Hz to 70 Hz with fixed RMS 0.25g acceleration. The result shows promising output for the PZT energy harvester with rubber compound, with an increase of between 16.6% to 61.2% open circuit voltage when compared to the standard PZT.
A short review on the effect of mechanical vibration in the evaluation and replacement of bone cement-anchored implants in human bone
Authors: Kadoura A , Abdul Jalil N A , Arumugam M , Azman M A
Published: March 2024

Mechanical vibration can be defined as the regular or irregular repetitive movement that makes the body leave its resting state. Mechanical vibrations have an important role in keeping the bones and joints healthy. This review study aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical vibration in the evaluation and replacement of bone cement-anchored implants in human bone. The empirical studies related to mechanical vibrations and bone cement-anchored implants were reviewed. The combinations used to search for studies related to the topic included mechanical vibrations, evaluation, replacement, bone, cement-anchored implants, and human bone. The reviewed studies show that mechanical vibration, either local or whole-body, promotes bone growth in and around the implant. The stimulation of bone growth is important for the strength and durability of cement-anchored bone implants. Through the reviewed studies, it was concluded that local or whole-body mechanical vibration improves the stability and durability of bone and bone implants. Mechanical vibration achieves this effect by increasing bone formation in and around the implants and by improving the contact between the implant and the bone.
Tradescantia Zebrina as New Creeping Plant for Good Sound Absorption Performance
Authors: Redzuan I H , Darus N , Haron Z , Abidin N I , Galip N S , Kassim A S F A
Published: March 2024

The increasing need to address the environmental consequences of noise and visual pollution caused by infrastructure and industrial projects in residential regions has led to the implementation of regulations. These regulations aim to minimize such impacts and have resulted in a rising demand for acoustic barriers and visual screening solutions. Presently, green plants are being employed globally not only for creating a sustainable environment within green buildings but also for their sound absorption capabilities. The choice of plants suitable for green walls primarily focuses on tropical and annual species that demonstrate effortless growth capabilities. This research examines the capability of sound absorption of chosen creeping plants namely Tradescantia Zebrina (TZ) that potentially be used for green facades. The physical properties including morphology and acoustical properties by measuring the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) using two microphone impedance tubes. The plant with the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) was investigated further for the effect of the thickness of the plant on the sound absorption performance of a wall. The results showed 0.23, 0.35, and 0.52 NRC values respectively obtained from the different thicknesses of TZ There was an increment of sound absorption as the plants were attached to concrete brick as a green facade on its surface. On this basis, the capability to absorb sound by TZ as the green facade can be considered when designing the environmental structure.
Evaluation of viscous damper on the vibration transmission to the piping system and the support structure exposed to sinusoidal vibration in vertical, horizontal, and lateral directions.
Authors: Ahmad Radzi M F , Dzubir F A Abd. , Abdul Jalil N A , Zulkefli Z A , Putra A
Published: March 2024

Viscous dampers have been shown to be a potential solution to addressing piping vibration problems. The primary objective of this study is to confirm the ability of viscous dampers in addressing piping vibration problem in a piping system at different supporting structural stiffness. The piping systems were fabricated and arranged horizontally, vertically, and axially with respect to the direction of the input vibration force. Input force was applied to the piping system using an electromagnetic shaker. A sinusoidal vertical vibration at a 5 Hz frequency (21 mm/s RMS) was applied at one end of the piping system. The use of viscous damper was varied from no viscous damper to one, two and three dampers. Results showed that having three viscous dampers installed caused the piping vibration at point P2 showed the maximum reduction in vibration of up to 80% for three axes, respectively. For the case of structural vibration, the measurement results showed that point S1 experienced the highest vibration exposure before the installation of the viscous dampers, in all axes. With the three viscous dampers installed, the maximum vibration reduction for the sinusoidal vibration test case at point S1 were 86% and 91% for the x- and z-axes, respectively. In conclusion, viscous dampers able to reduce both the piping and structural vibration in multiple axes. This study also highlights the importance of positioning dampers in reducing piping vibration and vibration transmitted to the structure, with reduction up to 90% amplitude for sinusoidal input and 80% for random input.
Vibration Monitoring using Arduino Data Acquisition to Detect Anomalies in the Operation of Water Pump.
Authors: Bin Mohd A , Md Rezali K A , Abdul Rahim S , Zainal Abidin A M , Mohamad Yunus M F
Published: March 2024

Arduino Data Acquisition (ADAQ) is a popular development device among hobbyists nowadays because of its cheap price. Arduino comes in many forms, and recently, Arduino has been used in many industries for many applications, including vibration monitoring. This study aimed to investigate feasibility of using an Arduino data acquisition to detect anomalies in the operation of a water pump. An Arduino Mega was used with an ADXL345 accelerometer attached to a water pump motor to measure vibration continuously. Vibration was measured with a sampling rate of 530 Hz. Water pump vibration data abnormal conditions were measured and analysed to determine the problem. Results showed that vibration during anomalies was significantly greater than that in normal conditions. This study concludes that Arduino Data Acquisition with ADXL345 can detect abnormal water pump running conditions.
Magnetorheological Damper Force Prediction using Particle Swarm Optimization and Long Short-Term Memory Model
Authors: Ain Fatihah Murad Nur , Syahril Ramadhan Mohd Saufi Mohd , Hafizal Mohd Yamin Ahmad , Firdaus Isham Muhammad , Hussin Ab Talib Mat
Published: March 2024

Smart materials, like magnetorheological (MR) fluid, are gaining attention for their ability to rapidly change properties under magnetic influence, making them useful in vibration control systems for vehicles, medical devices, and civil engineering structures. Common parametric models, such as Bouc-Wen and Bingham, are traditionally employed to model MR damper dynamics behavior. However, the manual tuning of numerous parameters in these models increases complexity and hinders the identification of inverse models, potentially leading to unpredictable optimum target forces. In response to these challenges, this study suggested a non-parametric approach using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models to predict the optimum target force of MR dampers. Unlike parametric models, LSTM models capture dynamic behavior without the need for extensive manual tuning. To optimize the LSTM model, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to fine-tune hyperparameter values, ensuring robust performance. The proposed non-parametric method, specifically the PSO-LSTM model, demonstrates faster processing times compared to traditional parametric approaches. The proposed model produced an accurate damping force prediction with a root mean square error of less than 5%, This novel approach simplifies the modeling process and offers an efficient and precise alternative to traditional parametric methods.