bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affinity Bias: An Overlook Threat to Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Efforts
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Having a diverse, inclusive, and equitable workplace has become an important priority for many organizations today, however, diversity alone does not guarantee inclusion or equity as unconscious biases like affinity bias can undermine efforts if left unchecked. Affinity bias refers to the tendency to form stronger connections and have more positive feelings towards others similar in attributes, stemming from cognitive processes that view similarity as trustworthy, commonly impacting opportunities in organizations. It persists due to forces like homophily naturally gravitating towards similarity, unconscious biases operating below awareness, lack of diversity allowing similarity as default, conformity pressures, and more apprehension evaluating dissimilar others. If unaddressed, negative impacts include less diverse pipelines and leadership over time, inequitable experiences and outcomes, lower innovation and problem-solving, and loss of talent. Research shows affinity bias can be overcome through intentional efforts across organizational levels including designing fair structures and systems like instituting consistent talent criteria, unconscious bias training, diverse interview panels and anonymous screening, as well as enhancing diverse social networks through mentoring, sponsorship, and networking programs, providing ongoing DEI learning delivered to all employees on topics related to identity, privilege and inclusion, and modeling inclusive behaviors through KPIs and goals linked to diversity accountability in performance reviews, challenging exclusionary behaviors, and appointing C-level oversight. A case study demonstrates how one firm systematically addressed affinity bias threatening diversity goals through training, anonymous assessments, consultant evaluation, a new sponsorship program, and ongoing learning with leadership commitment and reporting that narrowed representation gaps and improved inclusion within two years. Leaders must recognize affinity bias and commit to fair processes and empowering connections to build truly inclusive cultures reflecting society.
Navigating the Future of Work: Strategies for Developing Exceptional 21st Century Leaders
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: November 2024

The world of work is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by technological advancements, shifting employee expectations, and the growing imperative for organizations to prioritize human-centric leadership. From the critical role of coaching, empathy, and active listening in leadership development to the imperative for building resilience, adaptability, and inclusive cultures, the brief offers a roadmap for cultivating the next generation of exceptional leaders. Drawing on empirical research and real-world case studies, the brief unpacks how organizations can leverage insights around evolving employee expectations, driving change from within, and navigating workplace dynamics and well-being. By tailoring their approach to the unique needs and aspirations of their people, leaders can unlock their full potential and position their organizations for long-term success in an ever-changing world.
Transmutation-Based Approach for Web Data Extraction
Authors: Dimitrov Michael
Published: November 2024

The research article presents an in-depth examination of a C# codebase specifically designed for the intricate handling and transformation of textual data. Central to this exploration is the innovative transmutation methodology, which is operationalized through the construction of a “legend”. This patterned sequence acts as a blueprint, offering a systematic depiction of the content that has been distilled from the data. The coding framework integrates the use of regular expressions to pinpoint patterns, string operations to alter text, and sophisticated data structures to systematically arrange and purify the information that has been gleaned. In an effort to quantify the efficacy of this transmutation-centric technique, the study outlines the findings from a confidential survey administered to experts within the field. These insights are instrumental in formulating weighted indices that measure key performance indicators such as execution time and accuracy. The ultimate objective is to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the transmutation strategy and to benchmark it against an alternative solution that relies exclusively on REGEX for implementation. This comparative analysis is expected to yield valuable insights into the optimization of code for text processing tasks, especially in the field of security-related topics.
The Past and the Future of European Union Strategic Culture and Thinking in the Field of Security and Defense
Authors: Berchev Daniel
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the evolution of European Union strategic documents, considered in the light of the development of the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the European Security and Defense Policy/Common Security and Defense Policy integrated in it. Through comparative analysis, conclusions are drawn that contribute to the understanding of the dynamics shaping strategic thinking and culture in the European Union in the field of Common Foreign and Security Policy/Common Security and Defense Policy.
Авангарден поглед върху професиите на доверието и сигурността
Authors: Chankova Dobrinka
Published: November 2024

The monograph by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mladen Mladenov, "Professions of Trust and Security," 2022, published by PROPELLER, 203 pages, is a logical continuation of the issues laid out in his work "Descriptive Jurisprudence," 2015. This time, the subject of study, according to the author's successful definition, is "definitive professions of trust and security, as well as those tangential to them," which are examined from an unconventional angle, entirely in the author's style. The methodology of the research, initially exploring the content manifestations of these professions and then the legal or guild requirements for their practice, reverses the paradigm of standard scientific work, making this an innovative approach. The interdisciplinary nature of the monograph is a significant strength, making it a valuable contribution to various scientific fields, including law, public administration, management, and security science.
Критичното мислене – основа за качествен разузнавателен анализ
Authors: Vasilev Vasya
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to provide an overview of the concept of critical thinking and, on this basis, to reinforce the need for the application of its tools in the intelligence community. The topicality and importance of the issue is growing more and more given the strengthening regional and global conflict of ideas, views and views on the development of world and national processes. Particularly indicative in this regard is the use of hybrid effects and, first of all, the accelerated technological development of information and cognitive operations, with the ambition to distort attitudes, change the perception of reality and skillfully conceal the truth.
The Evolution of Operational Concepts in Naval Warfare. Review of the Book On Contested Shores: The Evolving Role of Amphibious Operations in the History of Warfare, Vol. 2, by Heck, T., Friedman, B. A., & Mills, W. D. (Eds.)
Authors: Mednikarov Boyan , Kalinov Kalin
Published: November 2024

This review is based on the research interests of the Rector-Commandant of Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy Prof. Dsc Boyan Mednikarov and Deputy-Rector Commandant Captain (N) Prof. Dr. Kalin Kalinov in the field of naval operations and naval tactics. It shares impressions of "On Contested Shores. Volume 2" and highlights the book's successful unification of various aspects of amphibious operations into a single logical structure. Key interests include the operational concepts of Soviet amphibious operations and the continental versus expeditionary models of conducting amphibious operations. The review also emphasizes the importance of interoperability in amphibious operations and traces the geopolitical perspective of such operations.
MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THE NIGERIA EXPERIENCE (2007-2021)
Authors: OSAKWE CHARITY IFUNANYA , JOHN OKOYE NONSO , CHIJIOKE ARINZE VICTOR
Published: November 2024

This paper examined the effect of some macroeconomic variables on economic development of Nigeria. The macroeconomic variables were proxied by inflation, unemployment and real gross domestic product while the economic development was proxied by human development index. The study used ex-post-facto research design. Secondary data was sourced from central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and the Grander Causality test were used to analyses the data. the findings using OLS revealed that Inflation rate and unemployment negatively but insignificantly predicts economic development in Nigeria while Real GDP positively and significantly predicts economic development in Nigeria. The Granger causality tests showed unidirectional causality exists flowing from RGDP and unemployment to HDI in Nigeria, whereas no causality exists between HDI and INFR. Recommendations of the authors from the findings is that the government and monetary authorities should come up with policies that boost real economic productivity in Nigeria, adopt monetary policy measures to reduce inflation to a level that is supportive of economic development in Nigeria and that Government should increase adoption of schemes to improve the rate of unemployment in Nigeria.
Investigating The Functions and Use of Code Switching at Undergraduate Level in ESL Classrooms at Shahee Benazir Bhutto University Shaheed Benazirabad
Authors: Waseem Ahmed Lakhmir  , Altaf Ali Jakhar  , Ruqia Bano Mastoi
Published: November 2024

Code switching has remained one of the inevitable source of communication in bilingual and multilingual classrooms. It has its own charm of sharing ideas among teachers and students in educational settings. The current study aims to investigate the use and functions of code switching in undergraduate ESL classrooms at Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Shaheed Benazir Abad. The current study is quantitative in nature to investigate about the uses and functions of code switching in multilingual teaching and learning environment. Researcher collected the data from 105 ESL learners through a closed ended five point’s likert scale questionnaire to obtain the exact data for analysis. The data has been analysed through SPSS 20TH version software to check the frequency and percentage. Moreover, the study has resulted that code switching performs many positive functions in ESL classrooms along with its excessive use in bilingual and multilingual classroom teaching and learning environment.
Farmers’ Perception of Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in Jaffarabad District of Balochistan
Authors: Mansoor Rasheed1  , Khuram Nawaz Sadozai
Published: November 2024

Climate change is a pressing global issue with far-reaching implications for agriculture, particularly in vulnerable regions like Balochistan, Pakistan. This study explores farmers' perceptions of climate change and their adaptation strategies in the Jaffarabad District of Balochistan, Pakistan. Primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews using an interview schedule, with a sample size of 124 farmers. The findings of the study revealed that a significant majority (67%) were aware of climate change and its adverse impacts. Most farmers (73%) perceived an increase in temperature, 71% observed fluctuations in rainfall patterns, and 62% experienced prolonged droughts. To mitigate these challenges, farmers adopted various strategies, including adjusting farming practices (73%), changing crop varieties (72%), and diversifying cropping patterns (68%). However, the effectiveness of these strategies was often hindered by resource constraints and limited access to modern technologies. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions, such as improved extension services, capacity building, and access to climate-resilient technologies, to enhance farmers' adaptive capacity and ensure the sustainability of agriculture in the region.
The Influence of Positive Thinking Interventions on Reducing Academic Stress among Postgraduate Students during Thesis Writing
Authors: Noor Ul Ain Soomra  , Ishtiaq Ahmad  , Sidra Tul Muntaha  , Javeria Aslam
Published: November 2024

Thesis writing is a critical and often stressful phase for postgraduate students. This study examines the effectiveness of positive thinking interventions in reducing academic stress and enhancing coping strategies among postgraduate students in South Punjab, with a focus on gender differences and baseline stress levels. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the impact of positive thinking interventions on academic stress. Method: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 100 postgraduate students (50 intervention, 50 control). Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Positive Thinking Scale (PTS), and Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) at baseline and post-intervention. The intervention group underwent an eight-week positive thinking program. Data were analyzed using t-tests, correlation analyses, and effect size calculations. Results: the intervention group showed a significant reduction in stress levels compared to the control group (t = 4.56, p < .01, Cohen’s d = 1.15). A strong negative correlation was found between positive thinking practices and stress levels (r = -0.72, p < .01). Female students exhibited greater stress reductions than males (t = 3.21, p < .01, Cohen’s d = 0.85). Problem-focused coping improved significantly in the intervention group (t = 3.45, p < .01, Cohen’s d = 0.78), while avoidance coping decreased (t = -4.11, p < .01, Cohen’s d = 0.92). Students with higher baseline stress levels benefited most from the intervention. Conclusion: Positive thinking interventions effectively reduce academic stress and enhance adaptive coping strategies, particularly for highly stressed postgraduate students and female participants. Integrating such interventions into academic support programs can promote resilience and well-being among students.
The Role of Ulema as a Pressure Group in Policy-Making in Pakistan
Authors: Ghulam Muhammad Channa  , Hina Mugheri  , Jawad Ahmed Gabol
Published: November 2024

This paper investigated the ongoing debate in academia about the role and responsibilities of ulema in society and particularly in policy-making in Pakistan. Ulema, or Islamic scholars, have played a significant role in the policy-making process in Pakistan. They have been able to do so because of their religious authority and the influence they have over the Pakistani public. Ulemas have been able to influence policy in several ways. They have lobbied the government to adopt policies that are in line with Islamic law, and they have also been able to mobilize public opinion against policies that they disagree with. In some cases, ulemas have even been able to bring down governments. It is important to note that not all ulama agree on every issue. There are a variety of different schools of thought within Islam, and the ulema often disagree on how to interpret Islamic law. This leads to divisions within the ulema community, and it also makes it difficult for ulema to speak with a unified voice on certain issues. Despite these divisions, ulema continue to play a significant role in Pakistani society. They are respected by many Pakistanis, and they have a strong influence over public opinion. The factors and motivations behind the influence and their impact on policy-making in general and on society in particular are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the implications or effects of the ulema’s pressure on specifically progressive and secular policymaking in Pakistan. This paper focuses specifically on those ulema that possess a traditional, or, in other words, conservative, approach towards progressive policymaking in Pakistan.
Investigating the benefits and challenges of implementing inquiry-based learning approaches in early childhood education
Authors: Dr Fahd Naveed Kausar  , Muhammad Anwer  , Ailya R. Massey  , Bushra Mussawar  , Umer Javeid  , Ms. Anum Aftab
Published: November 2024

Inquiry-based learning (IBL) in early childhood education nurtures children’s natural curiosity and supports the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, and social skills. However, implementing IBL poses challenges such as the need for teacher training, adequate resources, and balancing open-ended exploration with curriculum demands. The objective of the study was to investigating the benefits and challenges of implementing inquiry-based learning approaches in early childhood education. Quantitative research, survey design was used. The population was comprised off all ECE schools of City Tehsil of district Lahore. Multistage sampling techniques was used. Questionnaire was used to collect the data. The validity of questionnaire was found through experts’ opinions and reliability through pilot testing. For quantitative data analysis, descriptive statistics (Mean and standard deviation) was used while in qualitative data analysis, thematic analysis was used. Findings indicate that inquiry-based learning in early childhood boosts children’s engagement, critical thinking, and collaborative skills, promoting deeper, more meaningful learning experiences. However, challenges such as insufficient teacher preparation and resource limitations hinder its effective implementation.
Impact of Assistive Technology on Acquiring Learning Competence among Learners with Visual Impairment
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Nazir  , Dr. Hina Hadayat Ali  , Muhammad Akram Sabir
Published: November 2024

Assistive technologies for teaching visually impaired students encompass a range of tools and strategies designed to accommodate varying levels of visual function. The study was carried out to evaluate the use of assistive technology for students with visual impairment. Objectives of the study were to explore the use of assistive technology for students with visual impairment, ascertain the awareness related to the use of assistive technology for students with visual impairment, and to pinpoint teaching strategies by using the assistive technology to improve the learning skills of students with visual impairment. The population of this study was consisted of all the teachers of students with visual impairment of government special education schools of the district Faisalabad. In sample size, there were 50 teachers of the government special education schools of the district Faisalabad. A structured questionnaire containing 20 questions was developed for the collection of data from the teachers of public special education schools of visual impaired students of district Faisalabad. The research tool was developed under the supervision of research supervisor and collaboration with faculty members of the campus. The questionnaire was distributed by researcher herself and all the requisite information was explained to the respondents. The entire questionnaires were collected back at the spot. The collected data was tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted in the form of mean and standard deviation. The study revealed that Braille, tactile maps and glasses were the mostly used assistive technology by the students with visual impairment in the classroom. It was inferred that a great number of the respondents were highly using the audio books, tactile maps, refreshable display and effective use of audition for the learning of students with visual impairment. The assistive technology was considered playing an important role in education, helps to resolve the educational problems, and it also helps to achieve the desired educational outcomes for the students with visual impairment.
The Relational Approach in Humanitarian Negotiations and the Uncertainty Reduction of armed Counter Parts on the Front Lines: Critical Analysis of current Policy
Authors: Taher Marwan
Published: November 2024

Humanitarian negotiations in frontline conflict zones involve significant challenges, including high uncertainty and complex power dynamics. Current policies emphasize the relational approach, which focuses on building relationships to improve negotiator effectiveness and achieve positive outcomes. Despite recent updates, scholarly literature highlights ongoing issues of security and mistrust, which impede initial uncertainty reduction. This study examines gaps in existing policies regarding the initial interactions with armed counterparts and offers practical recommendations for improvement. Using a qualitative desk literature review, this paper analyzes five policy manuals and relevant experiences through the lens of the Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) of interpersonal communication. The analysis focuses on seven URT axioms: verbal communication, nonverbal expressiveness, information seeking, intimacy levels, reciprocity, similarity, and liking. The URT’s framework is well-suited for analyzing communication between strangers, which mirrors the context faced by humanitarian negotiators. Additionally, URT’s emphasis on fostering future relationships complements the relational approach advocated in humanitarian negotiations. Findings reveal several areas lacking sufficient guidance. Notably, the current policy does not sufficiently address strategies to enhance the predictability of verbal communication—a critical URT principle for trust-building and uncertainty reduction. Moreover, there is an absence of guidance on culturally sensitive nonverbal gestures. The policy also lacks strategies for safely obtaining non-sensitive information from armed actors and offers incomplete advice on avoiding overly personal relationships. Based on these findings, three practical recommendations are proposed. First, adopting URT s “predictability method” for verbal communication to enhance clarity and manage expectations. Second, practicing “reciprocity in information sharing” for obtaining non-sensitive information. Finally, setting boundaries by avoiding high-level intimacy in conversations is emphasized to prevent the development of inappropriate emotional bonds.
Prevalence of HBV Infection and Associated Risk Factors in the General Population of District Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Aziz Samar , Akbar Asma , Iqbal Sheeza , Tawab Faiza , Inayat Naila
Published: November 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its associated risk factors in the general population of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital and Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from December 2023 to July 2024. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 200 patients who tested positive for HBV. The study sample included 143 males (71.5%) and 57 females (28.5%).

Results:

Among the 200 patients, HBV infection was more prevalent in males (71.5%) compared to females (28.5%), with the highest infection rate observed in the 21–40 age group. The majority of HBV-positive cases were found among patients of middle and lower socioeconomic status. Common symptoms included abdominal pain, fever, pale stool, and dark urine. Key risk factors identified were smoking (35%), unsafe blood transfusion (28%), and razor sharing (42%).

Conclusion:

HBV infection rates were significantly higher in males than in females, potentially due to risk factors like smoking, razor sharing in barber shops, and unsafe blood transfusions. These findings underscore the importance of targeted public health interventions to reduce HBV transmission in Peshawar.
Comparison of Interrupted Vs Continuous Suture Urethroplasty in Tabularised Incised Plate Hypospadias Repair. A Prospective Study
Authors: Rafiq Hafiza Mariam , Bashir Muhammad Kashif , Yousaf Abdullah , Aman Nadir , ul Haq Mahwish Noor , Siddiqi Umair Khaliq
Published: November 2024

objectives:

Hypospadias, a congenital malformation characterized by the abnormal positioning of the urethral opening, poses a significant challenge for paediatric urologists. Tabularised incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) is a widely accepted surgical approach, offering reliable function and cosmetic outcomes. While the overall technique remains consistent, the choice between continuous and interrupted suture closure of the urethral plate remains a point of debate. This prospective study aims to compare these two suturing methods in TIP urethroplasty, focusing on key outcomes such as fistula formation, meatal stenosis, glans shape, urethral stricture, surgical site infection and patient satisfaction.

Methods:

This prospective study aimed to evaluate the outcome of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) conducted at the Paediatric Surgery Department of Mayo Hospital Lahore/KEMU, involving 60 paediatric patients with primary sub coronal, distal and mid penile hypospadias from December 2023 to August 2024 who were randomized in two groups: Group A (30) boys received interrupted suture repair and Group B (30) boys received continuous suture repair .

Outcomes were assessed through follow-up visits focusing on post-op complication rate and cosmetic appearance.

Results:

This study found interrupted suture technique superior to continuous suture technique in term of better functional and cosmetic outcome and fewer post operative complication. Patient and parent satisfaction were also found higher in interrupted suture.

Post operative complications were most common in continuous group (mean=0.77) compared to the interrupted group (mean=0.20). the former group also had higher fistula rate (mean=0.90 vs 0.50)

For other post operative outcomes, continuous group also shows slightly higher rate but had a better cosmetic appearance than the interrupted group (mean=0.27 vs 0.03)
Unraveling the Complex Landscape of MDR-TB: A Comprehensive Retrospective Study on Treatment History, Demographics, and Drug Resistance Patterns in District Swat
Authors: Jamal Khalid , Khalid Muhammad , Ahad Abdul , Hassan Azan , Khan Shah Hassan , Burhanullah  , Rehman Samid Ur
Published: November 2024

Therapy for tuberculosis (TB) involves the application of first-line medicines (FLDs), such as isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), ethambutol (EMB), and streptomycin (SM). Second-line medications (SLDs) are employed if the first-line therapy fails or the bacteria develop resistance to the FLDs. The present research set out to evaluate the drug-resistant tuberculosis prevalence and determine the drug-resistant patterns in District Swat.

Materials and Methods

This was an observational, hospital-based, retrospective research of previously diagnosed cases of all Drug sensitive TB (DS-TB), MDR-TB, and XDR-TB patients provided by the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant TB (PMDT) Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Swat from January 2015 to December 2019. There were 15,567 isolates of DS-TB and MDR-TB in all from the research. The data was analyzed applying the statistical software SPSS version 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2016).

Results

According to the results, between January 2014 and December 2019, a total of 15,567 patients were registered from 13 District SWAT centers, comprising 15356 (98.64%) new cases and 211 (1.36%) re-treatment cases with known age and sex. The proportion of TB in the male population (51.9%) was higher than in the female population (48.0 %). Overall treatment success rate (TSR) for PBC cases was (3097) 93.9%.

Conclusion

Finding the baseline susceptibility to first- and second-line medications as soon as possible is necessary to prevent developed drug resistance and unfavorable outcomes, according to the investigation's conclusion
The Role of Combination Therapies in Optimizing Diabetes Management
Authors: Amin Rabia , Ali Yasir , Idrees Sana , Bilal Ahmad , Safeer Bushra , Manzoor Adnan
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of combination therapies in optimizing diabetes management among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Pakistan, focusing on glycemic control and treatment adherence. Methodology: A prospective, observational study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from March 2023 to March 2024. A total of 250 patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (combination therapy) or the control group (standard therapy). Glycaemic control was assessed using HbA1c levels, while adherence was measured using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ). Statistical analyses, including t-tests, were performed with a significance level set at (p < 0.05). Results: The intervention group showed significantly lower HbA1c levels (mean ± SD: 6.7 ± 1.0%) compared to the control group (8.1 ± 0.9%; \ (p < 0.0001\)). Adherence scores were higher in the intervention group (87 ± 8%) than in the control group (72 ± 10%; \ (p < 0.0001\)). The intervention group also had better weight control (72.5 ± 10.2 kg vs. 78.3 ± 12.1 kg; \(p < 0.05\)) and maintained better blood pressure profiles. These findings demonstrate the superior efficacy of combination therapies in achieving improved glycemic outcomes and adherence. Conclusion: Combination therapies offer significant advantages in managing T2D in Pakistan, improving glycemic control and adherence. The study underscores the need for broader adoption of combination therapies and further research on their cost-effectiveness and long-term outcomes.
Espacio y género en los poblados de colonización del franquismo
Authors: Cabezas Vega Laura
Published: November 2024

Este artículo analiza la construcción del espacio en los poblados de colonización del franquismo desde una perspectiva de género. El objetivo es desvelar cómo los nuevos núcleos urbanos, a través de su configuración arquitectónica, actuaron como instauradores de un orden no solo espacial, sino también social, que determinaba la asignación de usos diferenciados a hombres y mujeres sustentada en la idea de la superioridad masculina. La comparación de los discursos generados desde el régimen en torno a la diferencia sexual con la realidad de un caso de estudio permite desvelar las contradicciones en las que cayó el propio sistema.
producción histórica de escenarios vacacionales en las políticas turísticas: la urbanización de S’Agaró (1916-1949)
Authors: Fava Nadia , García Vergara Marisa
Published: November 2024

Este artículo analiza la relación entre las políticas de promoción turística implementadas para atraer el primer turismo de élite a Catalunya y la producción de identidades nacionales en la primera mitad del siglo XX, en un contexto histórico de significativos cambios sociales y políticos tanto en España como en Europa. El análisis del proyecto de la Ciudad jardín de S’Agaró (1916-1926), junto con su documentación promocional, nos permite relacionar la construcción de los espacios destinados al turismo y el proceso de resignificación de los mismos en el marco de las confrontaciones y convergencias entre las políticas regionalistas catalanas y las nacionalistas promovidas por el régimen franquista. El resultado pondrá en evidencia cómo se escenificó y materializó el imaginario turístico en Cataluña, en estrecha correspondencia con la emergencia de la moderna sociedad de consumo.
Luchando por los alimentos y el combustible: la historia de las protestas de subsistencia en Europa Central
Authors: Reick Philipp
Published: November 2024

Este artículo explora la historia de las protestas de subsistencia en Europa Central mediante el análisis de los cambios en las reivindicaciones y repertorios de tales protestas, así como de la investigación sobre los factores que alimentaban o mitigaban la violencia. Centrándose en el estudio de las protestas en torno al acceso a alimentos y combustible que se produjeron en la Europa de entreguerras, este texto cuestiona la tesis predominante de que los motines de subsistencia se habrían desvanecido en Occidente en la segunda mitad del s. xix, un periodo que experimentó una rápida modernización. El artículo concluye que los estudios históricos poseen un importante potencial para llegar a una mejor comprensión de la emergencia de luchas similares, a la luz del reciente impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 y del efecto de las sanciones económicas contra Rusia.
Juegos de azar en la Navarra renacentista. Una perspectiva desde la casuística, la moral y la jurisprudencia de la época
Authors: Sáenz del Castillo Velasco Koldobika
Published: November 2024

El juego es una actividad que ha estado presente en todas las sociedades y culturas a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad. En el difuso umbral que separó la Edad Media de la modernidad, los juegos de azar fueron un destacado entretenimiento popular que, pese a estar proscritos en buena medida, parecieron contar con el favor generalizado. Sin embargo, este fenómeno social fue tomado como un problema que debía de ser atajado, ya que iba en contra de las convicciones morales de la época. En este trabajo se explorará el papel de las apuestas y los juegos de azar en la sociedad navarra renacentista, analizando su soterrada trascendencia y la respuesta moral y religiosa que fue capaz de comportar.
Relationship Between Hypertension and Diabetes Understanding Their Co Morbidity and Clinical Management
Authors: Sarker Kantish Kumar
Published: November 2024

Background: Hypertension and diabetes frequently co-exist, compounding morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-resource settings like Bangladesh. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of hypertension-diabetes co-morbidity, evaluating management efficacy in a Bangladeshi tertiary hospital. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Department of Cardiology, Jamalpur Medical College, Jamalpur from January 2023 to June 2024, involving 114 patients diagnosed with both hypertension and diabetes. Patient data were obtained through medical records and structured interviews. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests to compare categorical variables, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Among 114 patients, 68.4% were male and 31.6% female, with an average age of 57.5 years. Patients over 60 years were significantly more likely to exhibit co-morbid complications (54%, p = 0.03). A high prevalence of obesity (47.3%) and sedentary lifestyle (64%) was noted. Poor glycemic and blood pressure control was prevalent, with only 28% achieving target blood pressure levels (p = 0.04) and 35% within target HbA1c ranges (p = 0.02). Cardiovascular complications were present in 42.1% of patients, while early-stage renal impairment was observed in 21% (p = 0.01). These findings underscore suboptimal co-morbidity management, highlighting limited implementation of lifestyle interventions. Conclusions: The study demonstrates a significant burden of hypertension-diabetes co-morbidity and supports the need for integrated management strategies to enhance patient outcomes in Bangladesh.
MEKONYUM İLEUSUNDAN KİSTİK FİBROZİS TANISINA; BİR YENİDOĞAN OLGUSU
Authors: Kaya Karaca Aynur , Altunhan Hüseyin , Tarakçı Nuriye
Published: November 2024

Kistik fibrozis, epitel hücresi membranındaki klor kanal defekti ile ortaya çıkan, otozomal resesif geçiş gösteren, kalıtsal, multisistemik bir hastalıktır. Otozomal resesif kalıtılan hastalıklar içerisinde en sık görülenidir ve mortalitesi yüksektir. Mekonyum ileusu kistik fibrozisin en erken belirtilerindendir ve hastaların %20 sinde görülür. Kistik fibrozis, aile öyküsü, klinik ve laboratuvar bulguları birlikte değerlendirilerek tanı alır. Bu yazımızda postnatal üçüncü günde mekonyum ileusu nedeniyle opere olan, takiplerinde kistik fibrosiz tanısı alan, kardeşinde intestinal atrezi öyküsü bulunan olgu sunulmuştur. Aile öyküsü varlığında prenatal dönemden itibaren izlem yapılmasının gerekliliği, erken tanı için mekonyum ileusu başta olmak üzere yenidoğan bulguları ve tarama testlerinin önemi vurgulanmak istenmiştir.
Pengaruh Display Product Dan Discount Terhadap Impulsive Buying Pada Produk Rabbani (Survei Pada Konsumen Rabbani Di Kota Tasikmalaya)
Authors: Solihah Ulia Inayatu , Pauzy Depy Muhamad , Oktaviani Nita Fauziah
Published: November 2024

This research aims to determine the effect of Product Display and Discount on Impulsive Buying of Rabbani Products. The method used is quantitative with a research sample of 100 respondents. The data used are primary and secondary data. The analytical tool used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25. Based on the results of this research, it shows that Product Display and Discount simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Impulsive Buying of Rabbani Products. Product Display partially has a significant effect on Impulsive Buying. Discounts partially have a significant effect on Impulsive Buying.
Investigating the development of number sense in a 6th grade class in Taiwan
Authors: Reys Robert E. , Yang Der-Ching
Published: November 2024

This research study reports snapshots of a 6th grade Taiwanese class depicting how a teacher investigated and promoted his students’ development of number sense. It illustrates students' tendency to rely on written algorithms and reveals some misconceptions that may exist among students that are generally proficient in written computation. It demonstrates an effort to integrate number sense activities into the mathematics class in ways that encourage exploration, discussion, thinking, and reasoning.
Conceptual understanding of the dot product
Authors: Carlsen Martin
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to illuminate the development of conceptual understanding of the dot product through analyses of smallgroup dialogues. In the study we will focus on language, i.e. on the nature of the argumentation that develops. The article presents a rationale for conceptual learning and collaborative learning from a socio-cultural perspective. The article focuses on four sequences that make intelligible how the students use mathematical language and show a highly coordinated thinking-together mode. In spite of inaccurate mathematical formulations, the problem-solving process evolves and the students understand each other. The sequences also show how the students’ argumentation evolved, how it changed because of the listeners’ contributions, and in which way definitions are understood, used and applied.
Limits of functions – traces of students’ concept images
Authors: Juter Kristina
Published: November 2024

Students at a Swedish university were subjects in a study about learning limits of functions. The students’ perceptions were investigated in terms of traces of concept images through interviews and problem solving. The results imply that most students’ foundations were not sufficiently strong for them to understand the concept of limit well enough to be able to form coherent concept images. The traces of the students’ concept images reveal confusion about different features of the limit concept.
Student reasoning constrained by the didactical contract
Authors: Måsøval Heidi S.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an analysis of an observation of student teachers’ small-group work on a generalization problem in algebra. I begin my analysis by looking at the student teachers’ attention to the teacher educator’s thinking, at the cost of their own interpretation of the problem. Further analysis deals with the difficulties in changing representation from natural language to mathematical symbols. The analysis is based on Brousseau’s theory of didactical situations in mathematics, and a semiotic approach to the problem of algebraic reference, informed by Radford.
The third year of activities in the Nordic graduate school in mathematics education
Authors: Grevholm Barbro
Published: November 2024

The board of NoGSME had its first meeting of 2006 in Malmö, just before the Madif 5 research seminar, and planned the activities for 2006. Here we offer some first insights into the programme of 2006.
New chief editors on the job
Authors: Blomhøj Morten , Valero Paola
Published: November 2024

Ledare / Editorial
The great variation in the field of mathematics education
Authors: Blomhøj Morten , Valero Paola
Published: November 2024

Ledare / Editorial
The Nordic Graduate School in Mathematics Education
Authors: Grevholm Barbro
Published: November 2024

–
The use of reasoning in the resolution of geometric problems
Authors: Koleza Eugenia , Kabani Elisabeth
Published: November 2024

The cognitive processes of 15-year-old students, when they solve geometrical problems involving the construction of isosceles triangles, and the different forms of rea- soning which they use, are investigated in this paper. First we explore the large variety of reasoning processes which appear, categorize them in three approaches (visual, heuristic and theoretical) and look at the language which is used by each one. Then we focus on the weaknesses of students’ reasoning and examine their reasons. The analysis of the data intends to support teachers to recognize and understand the relationship between students’ reasoning (nature of justification) and their geometrical thought.
Historical aspects on special education in mathematics
Authors: Magne Olof
Published: November 2024

Research on failure to master mathematics (often used term: disability) is a modest speciality, compared with related domains. Research on low attaining persons appears to be too much directed towards a small number of topics en vogue while other issues, often more impressive ones, are mainly left unnoticed. Not the least disquieting is the excessive concentration on computation with small natural numbers in a setting of formalism. This presentation has the aim to demonstrate that the number of parameters (factors, vectors, dimensions) is great in the field of research on education and learning mathematics and that research is a problematic matter, due to the complex relations between mathematics, individual and environment (MIE).
Matematikvanskeligheder i inkluderende undervisning for børn, unge og voksne
Authors: Lindenskov Lena
Published: November 2024

To internationale tendenser af afgørende betydning for, hvordan matematikvanskeligheder kan forstås og imødegås, identificeres i artiklen: Matematikholdig kompetence som nøglekompetence og inkluderende skole. På denne baggrund og ud fra empiriske undersøgelser argumenteres for en ny og pragmatisk begrebssætning af matematikvanskeligheder. Et overordnet begreb regnehuller til støtte for forståelse af det faglige indhold i vanskelighederne og for inspiration til videre matematiklæring. Desuden en model til forståelse af elevers oplevelser. Modellens elementer er matematik som system, mening og forståelsesbehov, blokeringer og modstand, undervisning og eleven i klassen/på holdet. De behandlede spørgsmål og udviklingstendenser er generelle, men danske resultater og dokumenter bruges i artiklen som case.
The Nordic Graduate School into its fourth year of activities
Authors: Grevholm Barbro
Published: November 2024

The year 2007 is the fourth year of the Nordic Graduate School. The funding from NordForsk will be given for five years ...
Primary school teachers’ beliefs about teaching mathematics
Authors: Palu Anu , Kikas Eve
Published: November 2024

The main aim of the study was to investigate the beliefs about the purposes and methods of teaching mathematics in primary school teachers with different teaching experience. The sample consisted of 103 practicing teachers and 26 pre-service teachers. It was shown that teachers with different teaching experience were concordant in their evaluations of the purposes of teaching mathematics – they evaluated the purpose of acquiring knowledge higher than the purpose of the development of personality. Also, all groups of teachers valued formalist teaching methods the least. However, teachers with different teaching experience held different beliefs about using traditional, formalist and social teaching methods.
Developing numeracy in the workplace
Authors: FitzSimons Gail E. , Wedege Tine
Published: November 2024

Internationally, adult literacy and numeracy are in general recognized as cultural techniques. However, the two competences and their development are contested among politicians and researchers. Numeracy is often subsumed under literacy and/ or described in isolation from the situational context. Adult numeracy at work is often described unproblematically as transfer from school to workplace. With reference to Bernstein’s theoretical framework, we claim that adult numeracy on the labour market is a horizontal discourse, in contrast to the vertical discourse of mathematics. This article draws on the findings from an Australian study into numeracy in the context of chemical spraying and handling, utilising a methodology based on activity theory. The main findings are that mathematically straightforward skills become transformed into workplace numeracy competence, when the complexities associated with successful task completion as well as the supportive role of mediating artefacts and the workplace community of practice are taken into account.
To change or not to change – how primary school teachers speak about stability and change
Authors: Pehkonen Leila
Published: November 2024

Changing mathematics education and teachers has proved to be difficult. In this case study the matter has been turned upside down. The purpose is to approach the question of change from the perspective of stability. In this paper I will discuss how primary school teachers speak about stability, and – in this connection – about changes in mathematics teaching. The data consists of semi-structured interviews of nine primary school teachers and is analyzed qualitatively. The findings suggest complex relationships between the need for continuity and the desire for changes.
Gender and strategy use in proportional situations: an Icelandic study
Authors: Steinthorsdottir Olof B. , Sriraman Bharath
Published: November 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of contextual and number structures on individuals’ use of strategies in solving missing value proportion problems, and to examine gender differences in strategy use. Fifty-three eighth graders in one school in Reykjavik, Iceland, participated in this study. Twenty-seven females and twenty-six males were individually interviewed as they solved sixteen missing value proportion problems. The problems represented four contextual structures. No gender differences were identified in the overall success rate. However, girls were more successful than boys in handling associated sets and symbolic problems, and boys were more successful than girls in part-part-whole problems. Moreover, the data suggest that the contextual structures influence females’ choice of strategy more than that of males.
Developing mathematics teaching and learning through research
Authors: Editors The
Published: November 2024

Ledare / Editorial
Classroom settings, self-regulated learning skills and grades in mathematics
Authors: Samuelsson Joakim
Published: November 2024

The overall purpose of this study is to present plausible influences on students’ selfregulated learning skills. This study concentrates on the contextual aspects of the educational preconditions. The group climate seems to be the most influential factor to students’ self-regulated learning skills in mathematics. A supportive climate is related to the view of mathematics as something important, while a non-supportive climate is related to difficulties in mathematics. Students with difficulties in mathematics are affected by classroom settings that they perceive as demanding in terms of objectives, and in teacher centred instructions. To some students, high demands, distinct information and invitations to participate can result in positive relationships with mathematics. However, the same conditions can create difficulties in mathematics among other students.
The fifth year of the Nordic Graduate School
Authors: Grevholm Barbro
Published: November 2024

The ninth seminar for supervisors organised by NoGSME ...