bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shift work and sleep duration are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in a predominantly Latinx population with high rates of obesity
Authors: Larson Jeannette M. , Bazalakova Mihaela H. , Godecker Amy , DelBeccaro Melanie , Aagaard Kjersti M. , Antony Kathleen M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Shift work has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between sleep disturbances and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods and findings

This was a secondary analysis of a prospective study of participants enrolled in a prospective observational study wherein gravidae were screened for sleep apnea (2010–2012). A screening questionnaire with standard sleep apnea questionnaires as well as novel items about shift work and nocturnal sleep duration was administered at a prenatal care visit. Short sleep duration was defined as less than 7 hours. Prolonged sleep duration was defined as greater than 9 hours.

In a cohort of 1125 pregnant people, 9.4% reported shift work at the time of screening. Gravidae who reported shift work were more likely than gravidae who reported no shift work to develop preeclampsia (28.3% versus 13.0%, P<0.001), preeclamspsia with severe features (16.0% versus 8.5%, P = 0.010), gestational diabetes (28.3% versus 19.9%, P = 0.041), and a composite of adverse obstetric outcomes (61.3% versus 47.8%, P = 0.008). After adjusting for potentially confounding variables, shift work was associated with an increased risk for preeclampsia with (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.70, 95% CI 1.03–2.79, p = 0.036) and without (aRR 2.03, 95% CI 1.43–2.90, p<0.001) severe features, and gestational diabetes mellitus class A1 (aRR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05–2.05, p = 0.023) and class A2 (aRR 1.67, 95% CI 1.13–2.44, p = 0.009). Sleep duration was associated with gestational diabetes (31.3% among those with short sleep duration, 25.2% among those with normal sleep duration and 14.0% among those with prolonged sleep duration, P<0.001) and gestational diabetes class A2 (29.5%, 17.9%, and 10.1%, respectively, P<0.001). Gravidae with prolonged sleep duration experienced less composite adverse pregnancy outcomes at 42.6% compared to 57.4% for those with short sleep duration or 52.5% for those with normal sleep duration, P = 0.002.

Conclusions

Shift work and sleep duration are both associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further research on the impact of sleep disturbance on pregnancy outcomes is warranted.
A determinate method of metrology attribute benchmark of commercial banks’ management efficiency
Authors: Jing Ren , Chang Xin
Published: August 2022

The evaluation or metrology of commercial bank management efficiency is the core of its effective management. The existing management efficiency of commercial banks adopts evaluation scheme rather than metrology. There are four shortcomings with the evaluation scheme, the evaluation is a ranking of advantages and/or disadvantages, all objects should participate in the evaluation, the evaluation results are valid only for the evaluated objects, and the evaluation results lack the metrology benchmark of the object domain. To address this issue, the paper presents a method to determine the benchmark of management efficiency, which is similar to the unit "meter" in the metrology of "length" and the unit "scale" in the metrology of "management efficiency". Firstly, the method of cluster analysis is used to solve the problem of attribute metrology base of management efficiency metrology. Based on the master of certain attribute data of commercial bank management efficiency metrology, cluster analysis is carried out onto the attribute data, and its characteristics and patterns are mined to determine the candidate benchmark set. Secondly, in the candidate datum set, k-means method is used to determine the metrology attribute datum to obtain the general metrology attributes. Finally, the absolute metrology of management efficiency is carried out for any commercial bank according to the benchmark, and the validity and feasibility of the benchmark are verified with an example. In such a way, the deficiencies of four aspects of evaluation are solved. Such a strategy can be adapted to different banks at any different time for their respective measurement, which extends the clustering statistical methods for attribute datum determination. The results can be applied to some other fields wherein object metrology is the basic task.
Environmental drivers of the occurrence and abundance of the Irukandji jellyfish (Carukia barnesi)
Authors: Rowley Olivia C. , Courtney Robert , Northfield Tobin , Seymour Jamie
Published: August 2022

Understanding the links between species and their environment is critical for species management. This is particularly true for organisms of medical and/or economic significance. The ‘Irukandji’ jellyfish (Carukia barnesi) is well known for its small size, cryptic nature, and highly venomous sting. Being the namesake of the Irukandji syndrome, contact with this marine stinger often leads to hospitalization and can be fatal. Consequently, the annual occurrence of this organism is believed to cost the Australian government an estimated $AUD3 billion annually in medical costs and losses for tourism. Despite its economic importance the logistical difficulties related to surveying C.barnesi in situ has led to a paucity of knowledge regarding its ecology and significantly impeded management strategies to date. In this study, we use six years of direct C. barnesi capture data to explore patterns pertaining to the annual occurrence and abundance of this species in the nearshore waters of the Cairns coast. We provide novel insights into trends in medusae aggregations and size distribution and primarily focus on the potential role of environmental drivers for annual C. barnesi occurrence patterns. Using a two-part hurdle model, eight environmental parameters were investigated over four time periods for associations with records of medusa presence and abundance. Final models showed a small amount of variation in medusa presence and abundance patterns could be accounted for by long-term trends pertaining to rainfall and wind direction. However, the assessed environmental parameters could not explain high annual variation or site location effects. Ultimately best-fit models had very low statistical inference power explaining between 16 and 20% of the variance in the data, leaving approximately 80% of all variation in medusa presence and abundance unexplained.
Economic feasibility analysis for an electric public transportation system: Two cases of study in medium sized cities in Mexico
Authors: Sánchez José Tomás , del Río Jesús Antonio , Sánchez Aarón
Published: August 2022

This work presents an economic analysis that illustrates the feasibility and the possible benefits related to the replacement of internal combustion vehicles (ICVs)by electric vehicles (EVs) public transportation in medium-sized cities. According to the current operating conditions, we calculate the cost of operating internal combustion vehicles and compare them with a selected EV with approximately the same passenger capacity. We calculate the CO2 emissions in both cases. Moreover, for the case of EV, we analyze two scenarios: 1) Use the grid to charge the EV and 2) a grid-connected photovoltaic system using the available land in the store terminals. The net present value (NPV) indicates the feasibility of two EV replacement scenarios: EV fleet using energy from the grid and EV fleet with a PV system energy generation interconnected to the grid. The economic analysis considers the different prices of electricity according to the existing tariff schemes in Mexico. Due to the electricity generation mix in Mexico, in the case of CO2 emissions, the reduction is not as expected in the only grid connection; but a PV system reduces more than 30% CO2. This analysis was carried out for two medium-sized cities: Morelia, Michoacán, and Cuernavaca, Morelos, both in Mexico.
Improving wellness: Defeating Impostor syndrome in medical education using an interactive reflective workshop
Authors: Ogunyemi Dotun , Lee Tommy , Ma Melissa , Osuma Ashley , Eghbali Mason , Bouri Natalie
Published: August 2022

Background

Impostor syndrome is characterized by fraudulent self-doubt and correlates with burnout, and adverse mental health.

Objective

The objective was to investigate correlates of Impostor syndrome in a medical education cohort and determine if an interactive workshop can improve knowledge and perception of Impostor syndrome.

Methods

From June 2019 to February 2021 interactive educational workshops were conducted for medical education cohorts. Participants completed baseline knowledge and Impostor syndrome self-identification surveys, participated in interactive presentations and discussions, followed by post-intervention surveys.

Results

There were 198 participants including 19% residents, 10% medical students, 30% faculty and 41% Graduate Medical Education (GME) administrators. Overall, 57% were positive for Impostor syndrome. Participants classified as the following Impostor syndrome competence subtypes: Expert = 42%; Soloist = 34%; Super-person = 31%; Perfectionist = 25%; and Natural Genius = 21%. Self-identified contributors of IS included: parent expectations = 72%, female gender = 58%, and academic rat race = 37%. GME administrators compared to physicians/medical students had significantly higher number of self-identified contributors to Impostor syndrome. Knowledge survey scores increased from 4.94 (SD = 2.8) to 5.78 (2.48) post intervention (p = 0.045). Participants with Impostor syndrome competence subtypes had increased perceptions of Impostor syndrome as a cause of stress, failure to reach full potential, and negative relationships/teamwork (p = 0.032 -<0.001).

Conclusion

Impostor syndrome was common in this medical education cohort, and those with Impostor syndrome significantly attributed negative personal and professional outcomes to Impostor syndrome. An interactive workshop on Impostor syndrome can be used to increase perceptions and knowledge regarding Impostor syndrome. The materials can be adapted for relevance to various audiences.
Clinical and biological prognostic factors in follicular lymphoma patients
Authors: Jóna Ádám , Kenyeres Anna , Barna Sándor , Illés Árpád , Simon Zsófia
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet heterogeneous, B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Although most FL patients respond well to treatment, few with specific traits have a poor prognosis; the latter are difficult to define.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from 143 FL patients treated at the University of Debrecen since 2009 and investigated prognostic factors that may influence the survival of FL patients.

Results

A maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) cut-off of 9.85 at the staging positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) (p = 0.0001, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.2535, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1118–0.4878) and a lymphocyte/monocyte (Ly/Mo) ratio of 3.41 (p = 0.0027, HR: 2.997, 95% CI: 1.463–6.142), drawn at diagnosis, significantly predicted FL patients’ progression-free survival (PFS). A staging SUVmax >9.85 with Ly/Mo <3.41 could delineate a high-risk group of FL patients (p<0.0001, HR: 0.0957, 95% CI: 0.03416–0.2685). Similarly, a significant difference was shown with an SUVmax cut-off of 3.15 at the interim PET/CT (p<0.0001, HR: 0.1614, 95% CI: 0.06684–0.3897). A staging SUVmax >9.85 in conjunction with interim SUVmax >3.15 predicted poor prognosis (p<0.0001, HR: 0.1037, 95% CI: 0.03811–0.2824). The PFS difference was translated into overall survival (OS) advantage (p = 0.0506, HR: 0.1187, 95% CI: 0.01401–1.005).

Conclusion

Biological prognostic factors, such as the Ly/Mo ratio, may improve the prognostic assessment of staging PET/CT. The survival advantage observed in PFS is translated into OS when determined using a combination of staging and interim SUVmax. We recommend investigating additional biological prognostic factors while highlighting the role of PET/CT in FL.
Viruses in neurodegenerative diseases: More than just suspects in crimes
Authors: Leblanc Pascal , Vorberg Ina Maja
Published: August 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease are fatal neurological diseases that can be of idiopathic, genetic, or even infectious origin, as in the case of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The etiological factors that lead to neurodegeneration remain unknown but likely involve a combination of aging, genetic risk factors, and environmental stressors. Accumulating evidence hints at an association of viruses with neurodegenerative disorders and suggests that virus-induced neuroinflammation and perturbation of neuronal protein quality control can be involved in the early steps of disease development. In this review, we focus on emerging evidence for a correlation between NDs and viral infection and discuss how viral manipulations of cellular processes can affect the formation and dissemination of disease-associated protein aggregates.
Pigment-based chemotaxonomy of the phytoplankton community from a marine mussel farming area
Authors: Niero Henrique , Tamanaha Márcio da Silva
Published: August 2022

Microscopy technique is traditionally employed for assessing phytoplankton taxonomy. However, chemical approaches, such as the identification of biomarker pigments, allow to elucidate microalgae groups more quickly, in addition to detecting these valuable compounds. This study aimed to identify the pigment profile of microalgae species and to determine the seasonal pigment fluctuation in a marine mussel farm. Water samples were collected periodically between the years of 2014 and 2015. Phytoplanktonic organisms were isolated and cultivated in f/2 liquid medium under controlled temperature and light cycle. Cell content extracts from each unialgal culture and water sample were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Pigment profiles of 13 marine microalgae strains were identified (12 Diatoms and 1 Dinoflagellate). Chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin were most present in Diatoms, while peridinin was the major carotenoid in Prorocentrum micans. Bacillariophyceae had higher density in the summer and fall. Dinophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Dictyophyceae and Ebriidea, had an increase in density during winter and spring. Following the trend of phytoplankton groups, pigments such as fucoxanthin, zeaxanthin, diadinoxanthin, chlorophyll c3 and c2, were identified throughout the year. Prasinoxanthin, peridinin, dinoxanthin and antheraxanthin were identified in samples collected during winter and spring.
Revisão Sistemática: Prevenções ao Uso Abusivo de Drogas no Contexto Escolar Brasileiro / Systematic Review: About Drug Abuse Prevention in the Brazilian School Context
Authors: Barbosa Vilkiane Natercia Malherme , De Lavor Filho Tadeu Lucas , Moura Júnior James Ferreira , Pinto Alexandro Rodrigues , Köptcke Luciana Sepúlveda
Published: August 2022

Resumo: O objetivo é apresentar uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica que busca compreender a partir da literatura levantada quais as concepções e/ou estratégias que têm sido desenvolvidas a respeito da prevenção de álcool, crack e outras drogas em contexto escolar com adolescentes e os fatores de risco envoltos ao uso. Pela base BVS e Periódico Capes (2006-2016), a partir de critérios de inclusão/exclusão, foram recuperados e analisados 19 trabalhos. Os estudos abordam os fatores de risco e proteção relacionados ao uso de drogas e a relação destes com as abordagens realizadas em contexto escolar em relação às drogas, a partir de ações de Educação em Saúde. Entre as principais contribuições apresentadas estão possibilidades de intervenções ancoradas em métodos interventivos para a promoção em saúde com enfoque na participação ativa dos adolescentes. Constatou-se a necessidade de investimento em processos contínuos de educação em saúde que incluam a formação de professores para atuação na temática de drogas.Palavras-chave: Drogas; Educação; Educação em saúde; Escola. Abstract: The aim of this study was to present a systematic review that seeks to understand, from the scientific literature, which conceptions and / or strategies have been developed in the prevention of alcohol and other drugs in the school context with adolescents and the related risk factors. Based on the VHL and Periódico Capes database (2006-2016), based on eligibility criteria, 19 studies were retrieved and analyzed. The studies address the risk and protection factors related to drug use and the relationship with approaches carried out in the school context on drugs, based on Health Education actions. The main contributions presented are interventions anchored in interventional methods for health promotion with focus on the active participation of adolescents. There was a need to invest in continuous health education processes that include the training of teachers to work on drugs.Keywords: Drugs; Education; Health education; School.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: August 2022
Authors: Wan David W.
Published: August 2022

Article Title: Clinical Guideline on Gastroparesis
Apresentação - A pedagogia personalizada e comunitária no espaço ibero-americano (1950-1970)
Authors: Dallabrida Norberto , Gutierrez Laurent
Published: August 2022

A historiografia da educação francesa tem feito trabalhos instigantes sobre a pedagogia personalizada e comunitária, elaborada pelo educador jesuíta francês Pierre Faure. Em 1998, Anne-Maria Audic publicou «Pierre Faure s.j. 1904-1988: vers une pédagogie personnalisée et communautaire», livro que aborda a trajetória sócio-pedagógica do padre Faure. A pedagogia fauriana aparece sendo construída nas intervenções educativas desse padre jesuíta ecumênico, particularmente na segunda metade do século XX. Em 2008, foi colocado à lume um volumoso conjunto de textos de Pierre Faure sob o título «Précurseurs et Témoins d`un enseignement personnalisé et communautaire», em que ele analisa as contribuições inovadoras da pedagogia de autores antigos como Jean-Jacques Rousseau e Henri Pestalozzi e educadores do novecentos como Maria Montessori, Ovide Decroly e Célestin Freinet. No ano seguinte, Jean Marie Diem publicou «Pédagogie Personnalisée», que explora o legado pedagógico fauriano, mas avança na análise de experiências educativas contemporâneas. Estas três obras foram publicadas pela «Collection Sciences de l`Éducation da Éditions Don Bosco», dirigida por Guy Avanzini, e proporcionam uma visão consistente sobre a proposta pedagógica de Pierre Faure, construída desde os anos de 1940 até o falecimento de seu autor.
Apresentação - Circulação transnacional de livros de leitura e de manuais pedagógicos (entre fins do século XIX e início do século XX)
Authors: Panizzolo Claudia , Warde Mirian Jorge
Published: August 2022

Os estudos relativos à transnacionalidade de artefatos e práticas pedagógicos, bem como o seu potencial de transnacionalização, têm se apresentado há um par de anos em periódicos de História da Educação de diversos países ocidentais. Com isso, o exame do tema avançou consideravelmente, mas está longe de ter se esgotado; há muito o que estudar sobre os livros escolares e sua circulação mundo afora. Por isso, esse dossiê investe no aprofundamento de um tópico relativo ao tema: circulação transnacional de materiais pedagógicos impressos, quer tenham nascido com destinação escolar quer tenham ganhado ulterior uso escolar. Tornou-se quase que sinônimo da modernidade a circulação de materiais impressos dados ao acesso pelas mais diferentes formas que vão do empréstimo à venda superfaturada; da impressão em folha solta a encadernados luxuosos; de versões vernaculares a traduções pouco ou nada amistosas, incluídas às muitas “apropriações” alimentadas por peculiares visões dos “gostos locais”.
‘Quando il Mondo era Roma’: livros escolares para fascistizar os italianos no exterior, o caso brasileiro (1922-1938)
Authors: Luchese Terciane Ângela
Published: August 2022

Escolas com marcas étnicas pelo idioma, saberes e modo como operavam se proliferaram no Brasil em fins do século XIX e início do XX. Escolas italianas foram inspecionadas por cônsules ligados ao Ministério das Relações Exteriores desde 1870. A remessa e distribuição de livros foi efetivada por meio de cônsules que, no fascismo, foram centrais. O objetivo é compreender políticas, produção, circulação e distribuição de livros escolares fabricados durante o fascismo para as escolas italianas no exterior, atentando para aqueles que circularam no Brasil entre 1922 até 1938 quando da nacionalização e fechamento das escolas étnicas. Como exemplo, ‘Quando il Mondo era Roma’, livro de “breves notícias sobre um pequeno povo que soube dar ao mundo uma grande civilização” (FASCI ITALIANI, 1932, p. II). A partir da História da Educação e História Cultural foi realizada a análise documental histórica de leis, correspondências, relatórios de cônsules, fotografias, livros escolares e jornais.
E não merecerá a Athenas Brasileira um “Bolo de Noiva”? Um prédio para a Biblioteca Pública do Maranhão.
Authors: Castro Cesar Augusto , Furtado Luciana Nathalia Morais , Castellanos Samuel Luis Velázquez
Published: August 2022

Tratamos neste artigo da trajetória da Biblioteca Pública no Maranhão com destaque para as reivindicações para a construção de um prédio definitivo para alojar o seu acervo e atender seus leitores. Em princípio, tratamos de situar a Biblioteca no período imperial, depois, abordamos os debates estabelecidos na República e, em seguida, a construção da sua edificação permanente. Para tanto, utilizamos fontes documentais diversas com destaque para os relatórios dos seus diretores, analisados a partir da História Cultura. Concluímos que a construção do prédio da instituição se constituiu em um movimento que tem a sua gênese na sua criação e se encerra na década de 1950, quando é edificado e entregue à sociedade maranhense o prédio que a biblioteca desde então ocupa em São Luís.
Magistério Público no Brasil: remuneração e primeiros ensaios estatutários
Authors: Machado Jarbas de Paula
Published: August 2022

Este artigo discute a remuneração do magistério público no Brasil, identificada nas normas oficiais, considerando o período de 1759 a 1889. Trata-se de um ensaio de caráter documental e bibliográfico. Mostra que no período analisado não houve o reconhecimento da atividade docente com evidências que apontem para dignas condições salariais, principalmente para aqueles que se dedicavam às “primeiras letras”. Apesar disso, são apresentados elementos sugestivos de que nesse período tenham sido instituídas as primeiras normas estatutárias e de carreira para o magistério público regulado pelo Estado.
A nova pedagogia e a modernização da arquitetura escolar no Rio Grande do Sul (1937-1945): O G.E. Silveira Martins de Bagé/RS
Authors: Sá Jauri dos Santos , Werle Flávia Obino Corrêa
Published: August 2022

O presente texto é uma abordagem da modernização da rede pública escolar do Rio Grande do Sul sob o olhar da arquitetura, alicerçado em dois eixos: análise histórica e análise de forma e espaço. O primeiro explora o assunto a partir das reformas na educação e das demandas centralizadoras da Era Vargas, examinando a arquitetura escolar à luz dos princípios da Escola Nova. O segundo traz à pauta a perspectiva da análise gráfica e explora o edifício mediante diagramas interpretativos. Sistematizados a partir do projeto do Grupo Escolar Silveira Martins, de Bagé/RS, contemplam itens, como: perímetro, acessos, circulação, setorização e composição. Os dados evidenciam que a modernização pedagógica que ocorreu nos grandes centros se fez sentir em solo rio-grandense em um período que representou a concretização das políticas de expansão. O conjunto de critérios permitiu identificar algumas estratégias projetuais, como: marco arquitetônico, uso de formas geométricas e aproximação aos princípios da arquitetura moderna.
Educação infantil e mulheres no Jornal do Comércio: Manaus, década de 1970
Authors: Vasconcelos Kelly Rocha de Matos , Kuhlmann Júnior Moysés
Published: August 2022

O artigo analisa a publicação de notícias sobre educação das crianças de 0 a 7 anos de idade, na década de 1970, no Jornal do Comércio do Amazonas. Segue a perspectiva da história social e cultural e situa a educação no quadro das relações sociais. O texto apresenta uma contextualização da Educação Infantil no período e do jornal pesquisado, para em seguida tratar das notícias. Selecionamos oito artigos localizados no Caderno Feminino e na coluna Mulher, sobre os seguintes temas: políticas de creche e jardim de infância; importância do brinquedo, da atividade de brincar e da socialização para o desenvolvimento da criança; transição da pré-escola para o 1º grau e férias escolares. Conclui-se que, no contexto de expansão da educação pré-escolar naquele período, o jornal privilegiou a discussão sobre a educação infantil nas seções para as mulheres, sem uma clara distinção entre o espaço doméstico e o público.
A Escolologia como uma proposta da pedagogia Antipoffiana para a formação de professores em Minas Gerais na década de 1930
Authors: Almeida Marilene Oliveira , Campos Regina Helena de Freitas
Published: August 2022

A proposta inovadora de uma nova área de pesquisa denominada Escolologia – a ciência da escola - iniciada pela psicóloga e educadora Helena Antipoff na Escola de Aperfeiçoamento de Professores de Belo Horizonte, nos anos de 1930, é examinada através de investigação documental. A Escolologia apoiava-se em conceitos da Psicologia da Criança e da Pedagogia Experimental, de Édouard Claparède, e no método de Experimentação Natural, de Alexander Lazursky, visando obter uma síntese objetiva das relações entre o desenvolvimento físico, mental e social dos escolares, suas origens sociais e as práticas culturais de suas famílias, os procedimentos pedagógicos adotados e o funcionamento institucional das escolas. Os estudos escolológicos permitiram identificar os fatores que influenciavam no aproveitamento escolar dos alunos, tais como: o alto índice de retenção no primeiro ano de escolarização, as condições de higiene e nutrição das crianças, o método pedagógico, a organização escolar e as condições socioeconômicas e culturais das famílias.
O binômio “Segurança e Desenvolvimento”: propaganda, controle social e educação superior durante a ditadura militar no Brasil (1964-1988)
Authors: Mansan Jaime Valim
Published: August 2022

O binômio segurança e desenvolvimento, em boa parte através da influência da Escola Superior de Guerra, constituiu um dos fundamentos ideológicos da ditadura implantada no Brasil a partir do golpe de 1964. A disseminação daquela ideia ocorreu, dentre outros meios, através da propaganda, um dos principais elementos do sistema de controle social configurado após a deposição do presidente Goulart. A educação superior possuía importância estratégica para o grupo então no poder. A análise das funções cumpridas por aquele binômio nos processos de propaganda voltados para a educação superior permite compreender um pouco melhor tanto o funcionamento daquele meio de controle social quanto as diretrizes ideológicas que fundamentavam aquele regime autoritário.
Using the Apple Watch to Record Multiple-Lead Electrocardiograms in Detecting Myocardial Infarction: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Li Ke , Elgalad Abdelmotagaly , Cardoso Cristiano , Perin Emerson C.
Published: August 2022

Although the outcome after myocardial infarction depends on the time to treatment, a delay between symptom onset and treatment is common. Apple Watch, a popular wearable device, provides the ability to perform an electrocardiogram. We review the progress made in using the Apple Watch to record multiple electrocardiogram leads for diagnosing myocardial infarction. Although the data are encouraging, many limitations remain, and more research is needed. Nevertheless, the Apple Watch could eventually serve as a self-check tool for patients who have chest pains or other symptoms of myocardial infarction, thus substantially decreasing the time to treatment and improving the outcome after myocardial infarction.
The Proper Treatment of Cash Holdings in DCF Valuation Theory and Practice
Authors: Canessa James L. , Jarrell Gregg A.
Published: August 2022

The discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model is widely used for valuing corporate assets. But valuable assets that do not generate cash flows will be missed by the DCF approach. Because cash interest income is generally not included in the projected net cash flows of operating assets, the value of cash is regarded as a non-operating asset whose value must be added to the DCF enterprise value. Unfortunately, it has become standard practice on Wall Street and for the courts to exclude some amount of cash from non-operating assets on the basis that it will be used to finance the immediate operations of the business. The exclusion of so-called “operating” or “working-capital” cash is widely accepted as necessary and is recommended in virtually all valuation texts and treatises. We disagree and show that all cash should generally be added as a non-operating asset, except in unique circumstances where “wasting cash” is not earning a fair market return. We explain that excluding operating cash is correct only if either the interest income on cash is included in the net cash flows projections used to compute DCF value, or if the specific (near-term) operating expenses that will be covered by operating cash are excluded from the net cash flow projections. In either case, the full economic benefits of owning operating cash are fully reflected in the DCF enterprise value of the company, causing the DCF value to be higher by the exact amount of operating cash that is excluded. We call this the symmetry principle of operating cash. In practice, neither condition is normally met, so that all cash should generally be treated as a non-operating asset.
The Compensation of Non-Pecuniary Loss in GDPR Infringement Cases
Authors: Knetsch Jonas
Published: August 2022

According to art 82(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), ‘any person who has suffered material or non-material damage as a result of an infringement of this Regulation shall have the right to receive compensation from the controller or processor for the damage suffered’. This provision is at the core of the private enforcement of data protection rights; its interpretation could thus have major implications for business, administration and other organisations. Despite its potential for mass litigation, the case law under art 82(1) GDPR is limited and, five years after the Regulation entered into force, several questions remain still unanswered. This paper gives an overview of the most significant issues relating to the right of data subjects to the compensation of non-pecuniary loss, pending five significant CJEU judgments, which are expected to be delivered in 2023.
Comparison of time extension provisions between the Joint Contracts Tribunal and Iraqi Standard Bidding Document
Authors: Zain-alabdeen Wurood R. , Rasheed Sawsan M.
Published: August 2022

Many contractors face challenges in completing the project on time due to delays arising for various reasons, including reasons beyond the contractor’s control, such as force majeure, exceptionally bad weather conditions, changes,etc.As a result, contractors submit a time extension claim to make up for lost time and set a later completion date to complete the project. Each contract has its terms for the extension of time (EOT). Therefore, the objective of this article is to study the provisions for extending the time when the reasons are beyond the control of the contractor according to Iraqi Standard Bidding Documents for Procurement of Works (SBDW) and the Joint Contracts Tribunal (SBC/Q 2016). The article also aims to show the extent of the difference between the two contracts in applying these provisions. The study found that when submitting a claim in the Iraqi SBDW, the contractor shall consider the notifications relating to it as per the specified period. Therefore, they will not be considered if claims are submitted after that period. In SBC/Q 2016, submitting a claim notice is not required to gain additional time. Therefore, the failure to provide notice does not forfeit the right to claim additional time. This study enhances the contractor’s knowledge of the terms related to the EOT under the two contracts, reducing the disputes resulting from a misunderstanding of these provisions.
Effect of austenitizing temperature on microstructure and properties of a high-speed cobalt steel
Authors: Pan Yongliang , Jin Tounan , Yuan Naibo , Ma Tiejun , Fu Hanguang
Published: August 2022

The effect of different austenitizing temperatures on the type, morphology, distribution of carbides and martensite content in cobalt high-speed steel is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometry. The results show that the eutectic MC carbides hardly dissolve during austenitizing process, and the lamellar M2C carbides decompose into MC and M6C carbides at 1100 °C. A large amount of M23C6 carbides uniformly distributed on the matrix are dissolved into austenite at 1100 °C. With the increase of austenitizing temperature, alloy element dissolves into matrix and the effect of solid solution strengthening of martensite enhances, which increases the hardness of cobalt high-speed steel. However, when the austenitizing temperature exceeds 1050 °C, the excess alloying elements in the matrix reduce the Ms point and increase the volume fraction of retained austenite, resulting in decrease of hardness of cobalt high-speed steel. The peak hardness with 66.4 HRC appears when the austenitizing temperature reaches 1050 °C.
Effect of hot rolling process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of continuously cooled low-carbon high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel
Authors: Küçükakarsu Furkan Yılmaz , Ayhan İsmail İrfan , Alan Emre , Taştemür Demet , Gündüz Süleyman
Published: August 2022

In this work, high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel with 0.22 wt% carbon was produced in laboratory scale and hot rolled with a total deformation of 42% via 4, 5, or 6 passes. After multipass hot rolling process, samples were examined either in as-rolled (AR) or as-rolled and heat-treated (ARH) conditions. The results indicated that microstructural and mechanical properties of HSLA steels are influenced by hot rolling conditions for both cases. It was observed that strength values in AR samples have a tendency to increase with increment in rolling pass number. In contrast to AR samples, it was seen that the mechanical properties were slightly decreased in ARH samples that were austenitized at 1150 °C for 45 min and then cooled in still air. Microstructural investigations showed that finer precipitates in AR samples are obviously more than that of ARH samples, as an evidence for higher strength results by precipitation hardening. In addition to precipitation strengthening, refinement of lath bainite and amount of blocky martensite/austenite in AR samples favor the increase in strength.
Crystal structure of 3-(1,3-dinitropropan-2-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one, C12H10N2O6
Authors: Li Wu-Wu , Zheng Min-Yan , Han Ning-Ning , Yang Meng , Li Jiao , Cao Sha-Sha
Published: August 2022

C12H10N2O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.6017(10) Å, b = 6.8095(4) Å, c = 13.0101(8) Å, β = 113.075(7)°, V = 1190.10(14) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0405, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0976, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-7-bromo-2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, C18H15BrO2
Authors: Zhang Yu-Long , Liu Shu-Lian , Hou Gui-Ge , Zhang Xiao-Fan , Wang Lei , Xin Wen-Yu
Published: August 2022

C18H15BrO2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.1704(9) Å, b = 16.5309(13) Å, c = 10.3528(12) Å, β = 112.368(12)°, V = 1451.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0405, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0677, T = 149.99(10) K.
Indigenous Online Creative Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Western Australia
Authors: Budrikis Amy , Bracknell Clint
Published: August 2022

In response to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, many communities of endangered Indigenous languages have utilised digital technologies and created online language resources with renewed motivation. In this article we explore the ways that Noongar community members have shifted, adapted and persisted in creating new language revitalisation resources for their endangered Aboriginal language, describing three case studies of video content created and shared online through social media as localised responses to the pressing need for easily produced, accessible and engaging online approaches to support Indigenous communities and their languages.
Multiscale Computer Modeling of Spreading Depolarization in Brain Slices
Authors: Kelley Craig , Newton Adam J. H. , Hrabetova Sabina , McDougal Robert A. , Lytton William W
Published: August 2022

Spreading depolarization (SD) is a slow-moving wave of neuronal depolarization accompanied by a breakdown of ion concentration homeostasis, followed by long periods of neuronal silence (spreading depression), and is associated with several neurologic conditions. We developed multiscale (ions to tissue slice) computer models of SD in brain slices using the NEURON simulator: 36,000 neurons (two voltage-gated ion channels; three leak channels; three ion exchangers/pumps) in the extracellular space (ECS) of a slice (1 mm sides, varying thicknesses) with ion (K+, Cl–, Na+) and O2diffusion and equilibration with a surrounding bath. Glia and neurons cleared K+from the ECS via Na+/K+pumps. SD propagated through the slices at realistic speeds of 2–4 mm/min, which increased by as much as 50% in models incorporating the effects of hypoxia or propionate. In both cases, the speedup was mediated principally by ECS shrinkage. Our model allows us to make testable predictions, including the following: (1) SD can be inhibited by enlarging ECS volume; (2) SD velocity will be greater in areas with greater neuronal density, total neuronal volume, or larger/more dendrites; (3) SD is all-or-none: initiating K+bolus properties have little impact on SD speed; (4) Slice thickness influences SD because of relative hypoxia in the slice core, exacerbated by SD in a pathologic cycle; and (5) SD and high neuronal spike rates will be observed in the core of the slice. Cells in the periphery of the slice near an oxygenated bath will resist SD.
New Subregions of the Mouse Entopeduncular Nucleus Defined by the Complementary Immunoreactivities for Substance P and Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptor Combined with Distributions of Different Neuronal Types
Authors: Miyamoto Yuta , Fukuda Takaichi
Published: August 2022

The entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) constitute the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, but studies on the EPN are limited compared with those on the SNr. Both nuclei receive projections from the striatum with axons containing substance P (SP) and cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R), and immunoreactivities for these substances show complementary patterns in the striatum and SNr. In this study, we revealed a similar complementarity in the mouse EPN, combined it with region-specific neuronal distributions, and defined subregions of the EPN. First, the EPN was divided into two areas, one showing low SP and high CB1R (lSP/hCB1R) immunoreactivities, and the other showing high SP and low CB1R (hSP/lCB1R). The former received inputs from the dorsolateral striatum that are innervated by sensorimotor cortices, whereas the latter received inputs from the medial striatum that are innervated by limbic/association cortices. Then, the lSP/hCB1R area was further divided into the dorsolateral subregion in the rostral EPN and the core subregion in the caudal EPN, the latter characterized by the concentration of parvalbumin-positive neurons targeting the ventral anterior–ventral lateral thalamic nucleus. The hSP/lCB1R area was divided into the ventromedial subregion in the rostral EPN and the shell subregion in the caudal EPN, the former characterized by the concentration of nitric oxide synthase-positive neurons targeting the lateral habenula (LHb). Somatostatin-positive neurons targeting the LHb were located diffusely in three subregions other than the core. These findings illuminate structural organization inside the basal ganglia, suggesting mechanisms for sorting diverse information through parallel loops with differing synaptic modulation by CB1R.
Intramedullary nailing for impending or pathologic fracture of the long bone: titanium vs carbon fiber peek nailing
Authors: Pala Elisa , Procura Alberto , Trovarelli Giulia , Berizzi Antonio , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to compare titanium vs carbon fiber intramedullary (IM) nailing in terms of response to radiotherapy, local control of the disease, time of surgery, fluoroscopy exposure, and complications.

Methods

From 2015 to 2021, 52 impending or pathologic fractures were treated with IM nailing in 47 patients: 18 males and 29 females with a mean age of 73. Titanium nails were used in 27 cases: femur (17 cases), humerus (8 cases), and tibia (2 cases). Carbon fiber nails were used in 25 cases: femur (17 cases), humerus (7 cases), and tibia (1 case).

Results

At a mean follow-up of 8.4 months, most patients died from the disease (63.4%). Fracture healing without osteolysis progression was present in 52% of titanium nailing at a mean time of 6 months and in 53% of carbon fiber nails at a mean time of 4.6 months. No statistically significant difference has been shown in terms of healing (P = 0.5), intraoperative fluoroscopy (P = 0.7), and time of surgery in femoral nailing (P = 0.6), while a significantly lower surgical time for carbon fiber humeral nailing (P  = 0.01) was found. Two breakages of carbon fiber femoral nails were observed, and both were treated with revision with modular tumor megaprosthesis.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that surgical time and fluoroscopy exposure are not longer for carbon fiber nails compared to titanium ones. Healing seems to be faster in carbon fiber nails. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify the long-term outcomes of these implants.
Incisional negative pressure wound therapy to reduce surgical-site infections in major limb amputations: a meta-analysis
Authors: Frodl A , Geisteuer N , Fuchs A , Nymark T , Schmal H
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) has shown effectiveness in the treatment of high-risk surgical wounds. Especially patients with diabetes-induced peripheral arterial disease undergoing major limb amputation have a high intrinsic risk for post-surgical wound infections. While normal gauze wound dressings do not cause stimulation of microvasculature, iNPWT might improve wound healing and reduce wound complications. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature for rates of wound complications and readmissions, as well as post-surgical 30-day mortality.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review searching the Cochrane, PubMed, and Ovid databases. Inclusion criteria were the modified Coleman methodology Score >60, non-traumatic major limb amputation, and adult patients. Traumatic amputations and animal studies were excluded. Relevant articles were reviewed independently by referring to the title and abstract. In a meta-analysis, we compared 3 studies and 457 patients.

Results

A significantly overall lower rate of postoperative complications is associated with usage of iNPWT (odds ratio (OR) = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30–0.89; P = 0.02). There was no significant improvement for 30-day mortality, when iNPWT was used (OR= 081; 95% CI: 0.46 – 1.45; P = 0.48). Nevertheless, we did not note a significant difference in the readmission rate or revision surgery between the two groups.

Conclusion

Overall, the usage of iNPWT may reduce the risk of postoperative wound complications in major lower limb amputations but does not improve 30-day mortality rates significantly. However, to anticipate surgical-site infection, iNPWT has shown effectiveness and thus should be used whenever applicable.
Timeline of the Decade of Ocean Science: 2021
Authors: SHCHYPTSOV O.A. , SHUNDEL O.I.
Published: August 2022

Proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2017, the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021—2030) (hereinafter — the Decade) aims to stimulate the develop- ment of ocean science and generate knowledge to stem the trend of deterioration of the ocean ecosys- tem and stimulate the use of new opportunities for its sustainable development in accordance with the paradigm of the Decade: «The science we need for the ocean we want». The Decade of Ocean Sciences provides scientists and stakeholders across sectors with a framework to develop the scientific knowl- edge and partnerships needed to accelerate and harness advances in ocean science to advance under- standing of the ocean system and provide science-based solutions to implement the Agenda Sustainable Development Day 2030. The UN General Assembly instructed the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO to coordinate the preparation and implementation of the Decade. The article presents the most important events held since January 2021 by the IOC in the framework of the events of the Decade.
Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Teramoto Kanako , Teng Tiew-Hwa Katherine , Chandramouli Chanchal , Tromp Jasper , Sakata Yasuhiko , Lam Carolyn SP
Published: August 2022

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection (HFpEF) constitutes a large and growing proportion of patients with HF around the world, and is now responsible for more than half of all HF cases in ageing societies. While classically described as a condition of elderly, hypertensive women, recent studies suggest heterogeneity in clinical phenotypes involving differential characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms. Despite a paucity of disease-modifying therapy for HFpEF, an understanding of phenotypic similarities and differences among patients with HFpEF around the world provides the foundation to recognise the clinical condition for early treatment, as well as to identify modifiable risk factors for preventive intervention. This review summarises the epidemiology of HFpEF, its common clinical features and risk factors, as well as differences by age, comorbidities, race/ethnicity and geography.
Clinical study on ureteritis observed in contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the emergency department
Authors: Chung Jihyuk , Na Ji Ung , Lee Jang Hee , Han Sang Kuk , Choi Pil Cho , Shin Dong Hyuk
Published: August 2022

Objective We aimed to investigate the causes and clinical and laboratory features of patients with ureteritis observed on intravenous contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography (APCT) conducted in the emergency department (ED).Methods All APCTs conducted in the ED from November 2017 to November 2020 were investigated for the presence of ureteritis. The incidence of ureteritis, presumed cause of ureteritis, and clinical as well as laboratory features of patients with ureteritis were retrospectively analyzed.Results Ureteritis was observed in 422 out of 7,386 patients (5.7%) who underwent APCTs. The two main reasons for undergoing APCT in the ED were abdominal pain (49%) and infection focus workup (33%). The first major cause of ureteritis was urinary tract infection (UTI) (351 of 422, 83%). Most patients (85%) were febrile, but 208 (59%) exhibited no urinary symptoms such as dysuria, increased frequency, or residual urine sense. The second major cause of ureteritis was ureteral stones (42 of 422, 10%). Thirty-two of 42 patients (76%) had simple obstructive uropathy, while 24% of patients had a combined infection along with an obstruction. Other rare causes were malignancy and the spread of adjacent inflammation.Conclusion Ureteritis was a common finding observed in 5.7% of patients who underwent APCTs at the ED, and most of them were secondary to UTIs and ureteral stones. UTIs can cause ureteritis even without typical symptoms or signs suggestive of UTI, and diagnosis without an APCT can be difficult. More liberal use of APCTs should be considered when the cause of fever is difficult to diagnose.