bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overseas nurses' experiences of equal opportunities in the NHS in England
Authors: Alexis Obrey , Vydelingum Vasso , Robbins Ian
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To explore the experiences of overseas black and minority ethnic nurses in the National Health Service (NHS) in the south of England.

Methods

Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 12 overseas black and minority ethnic nurses. All interviews were taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. All transcripts were read and re‐read to elicit general themes.

Findings

Qualitative data analysis was undertaken using Van Manen framework and this enabled a number of themes to be identified that were part of overseas black and minority ethnic nurses' experience, however, two main themes would be discussed in this study. Firstly, unequal opportunities in career advancement and secondly, unequal opportunities for skill development and training. Both themes affected overseas nurses chances of promotion in the NHS.

Research limitation/implications

The study has identified a notably gap in the implementation of equal opportunity policies and suggests that a more transparent implementation of such policies is needed in the NHS in the UK where this study was conducted. Additionally, more research is needed to determine whether overseas nurses in other areas experience similar problems.

Practical implications

The findings of this study could encourage managers to re‐examine their equal opportunity policies in the light of these findings. Although this study has explored overseas nurses experiences, the findings cannot be generalised to the wider population.

Originality value

The differences experienced by overseas nurses in relation to career opportunities and skill development and training.
Developing cancer services strategy in primary care in England
Authors: Leese Brenda , Heywood Phil , Allgar Victoria , Walker Reg , Darr Aamra , Din Ikhlaq
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Primary care cancer lead clinicians (PCCLs) act strategically in primary care trusts (PCTs) in England to improve communication and understanding of cancer across primary and secondary care and provide a link between Cancer Networks and primary care. The aim is to evaluate the first three years of the initiative.

Design/methodology/approach

A postal questionnaire was sent to all PCT chief executives in all PCTs in England and some were passed on to other PCT managers for completion. The response rate was 61 per cent. PCT directors of public health were the largest group of respondents (29 per cent). Most (74 per cent) PCCLs were GPs and 22 per cent were nurses.

Findings

PCCLs were most likely to focus on palliative care and preventive services. Key achievements were identified as raising awareness of cancer, developing relationships and promoting primary care. The personal skills of the PCCLs were important as was support of colleagues at all levels. Lack of time was a major barrier to achievement, as was a lack of understanding of the role from others. Links with the Cancer Networks were being developed. About 85 per cent of managers wanted the role to continue.

Originality/value

The paper illustrates that PCCLs are at the forefront of improving cancer services in primary care. They are particularly important in view of the priority of reducing premature deaths and promotion of healthy lifestyles.
Being patient‐centred: creating health care for our grandchildren
Authors: Squire Sarah , Greco Michael , O'Hagan Bridget , Dickinson Kathy , Wall Debbie
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To provide an overview of the learning from four practical programmes that explore different aspects of patient participation in healthcare provision.

Design/methodology/approach

To describe the origin and rationale for each project or programme, and to summarise the learning from it.

Findings

At a variety of levels, involving patients in the design of care services can provide new insights, and leads to more patient‐focused and locally appropriate solutions. Engaging patients appropriately is not a trivial exercise, and those that are engaged need appropriate support, but the resulting solution is often more widely applicable than is first anticipated and can be cost‐neutral.

Originality/value

The active participation of patients in the design and provision of care is a widely voiced public and professional aspiration, but is genuinely realised only rarely. The paper describes the principles, benefits and learning common to four practical expressions of that aspiration.
The Expert Patients Programme
Authors: Squire Sarah , Hill Patrick
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To describe the purpose, establishment, work and achievements of the Expert Patients Programme (EPP) of the NHS Modernisation Agency's Clinical Governance Development Programme.

Design/methodology/approach

The Expert Patients Programme (EPP) is one initiative of the Clinical Governance Support Team (CGST) which provides support for health professionals in implementation of the NHS Clinical Governance Programme arising out of the early work of the Patient Experience Team (PET). “Expert patients” are those with experience of self‐management of long‐term conditions and the programme centres on developing a model of peer support for patients with similar conditions. The EPP team has built on work at Stanford University in the USA where patients and their carers provide peer advice and support – an initiative termed “lay‐led self‐management”. The EPP team developed a six‐week course facilitated by trained lay people based on the Stanford “Chronic Disease Self Management Course” (CDSMC). This course was incorporated in a pilot study which ended in 2004 and in which the NHS collaborated with accredited voluntary organisations. A total of 98 per cent of Primary Care Centres in the UK took part. The methodology and benefits of the support programme are outlined.

Findings

Evaluation by questionnaire confirms data from other countries on showing improvement in patients' conditions and a decrease in their use of health services. Access to the EPP programme is to be widened and will be available throughout the NHS by 2008.

Originality/value

An account of the formation, activities and outcomes to date of the EPP programme are provided.
High rate of inappropriate referrals to specialised day case unit for immunisation
Authors: Thattakkat K. , Jayakumar S. , Sharief N.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Seeks to assess whether referrals for immunisation as day cases are appropriate and to identify any adverse events following hospital‐based immunisation.

Design/methodology/approach

Computerised consent forms and the ward registers were used to generate a list of children immunised in the day case ward of Basildon University Hospital between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2003.

Findings

There were 57 referrals for immunisation under medical supervision in the day case ward during the 12‐month period. General practitioners referred 30 cases (53 per cent) followed by eight (14 per cent) referrals each from the Immunisation Coordinator Clinic and health visitors. The commonest reason for referral was previous reaction to vaccine (21 cases, 37 per cent), followed by history of egg allergy (11 cases, 23 per cent). The types of vaccines that were most frequently administered were the MMR first dose (18 cases, 32 per cent) and the second dose of DPT/OPV/HIB/Men C (13 cases, 23 per cent).

Practical implications

A total of 24 (42 per cent) of the referrals were judged to be inappropriate as per the UK Department of Health's guidelines. No adverse events were noticed during hospital‐based immunisation. Definite guidelines exist in the UK for immunisation. However, a large proportion of children who deserved immunisation in the community were referred to the hospital day case unit.

Originality/value

This paper identifies the inappropriateness of hospital‐based immunisation and emphasises the need to create increased awareness regarding the true contraindications to immunisation among healthcare professionals by further education and training. Further, it is expected to stimulate many paediatric departments to look at their own practice and find ways to improve service efficiency and effective use of resources.
Pregnancy‐related care and outcomes for women with Type 1 diabetes in Scotland
Authors: Kernaghan Dawn , Penney Gillian C. , Pearson Donald W.M.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To assess pregnancy‐related care and outcomes for women with pre‐gestational, Type 1 diabetes.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was a prospective, population‐based, clinical audit in Scotland. A total of 273 and 179 pregnancies in two 12‐month audit periods (during 1998/99 and 2003/04 respectively) were examined.

Findings

In both years, antenatal care for women with diabetes was well organised by dedicated multi‐professional teams. Provision of formal pre‐pregnancy clinics increased (1998, four of 22 maternity units; 2003, six of 20 units). Pregnancies documented as “planned” (1998/99, 116/273, or 42.5 per cent; 2003/04, 105/179, or 58.7 per cent; p=0.001) and periconceptual folic acid supplementation, 5 mg daily (1998/99, 40/273, or 14.7 per cent; 2003/04, 71/179, or 39.7 per cent; p<0.0001) increased over time. In both years, women whose pregnancies progressed to delivery attended early for antenatal care (median eight weeks' gestation) and had meticulous monitoring of diabetic control and foetal wellbeing. In the recent year, fewer women had hypoglycaemia during pregnancy (1998/99, 86/212, or 43.9 per cent; 2003/04, 47/160, or 29.4 per cent; p<0.0001). In both years, macrosomia was common (mean z scores: 1.57 in 1998/99 and 1.64 in 2003/04; standard deviations above a reference population mean) and perinatal mortality appeared higher than for the Scottish population (27.9/1,000 in 1998/99 and 24.8/1,000 in 2003/04). There was a (non‐significant) fall in congenital anomaly rate (1998/99: 13/215 births, or 60/1,000; 2003/04, 6/161 births, or 24.8/1,000).

Originality/value

Re‐audit after a five‐year interval showed that periconceptual care and pregnancy planning for Scottish women with Type 1 diabetes has improved. Although pregnancy outcomes remain poorer than for the general Scottish population, the apparent reduction in congenital anomalies is encouraging.
Cancellation of urology operations
Authors: Shah Jyoti , Ansari Aamir , Bhattacharyya Joya
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To establish the reasons for surgical cancellations in a urology department and to provide suggestions for their reduction.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for all patients who were cancelled between September 2004 and February 2005 were collected to determine the reasons for cancellations and the number of procedures cancelled on the day of surgery.

Findings

A total of 175 procedures were cancelled in a six‐month period, comprising 14.1 per cent of all elective operations scheduled. Of these, 25.7 per cent were cancelled on the day of surgery. The main reasons for cancellations were patients being unfit for surgery (20 per cent); patient reasons for cancellations, such as the date being inconvenient (20 per cent); operations no longer being necessary (16 per cent); and the surgeon being unavailable or unable to operate (10.3 per cent).

Originality/value

It is believed that at least 26 per cent of all cancellations are avoidable with simple strategies such as effective communication between surgeons and booking office staff. Other methods to reduce the number of cancellations are presented.
Resuscitation: turning guidelines into practice
Authors: Cowan Jane , Haslam Jonathan
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to assess important recent guidelines on resuscitation, published in December 2005.

Design/methodology/approach

The guidelines are put into the context of other attempts to standardise CPR practice. An analysis of recent claims and complaints handled by the Medical Protection Society and problems reported to the National Patient Safety Agency, broadens the discussion.

Findings

A number of issues of concern arose – the competence of health professionals, recognising the deterioration of patients, communication of Do Not Attempt Resuscitation decisions, and equipment failings. Strengthening training, better monitoring and performance management are important in addressing these issues.

Practical implications

Health professionals have a good opportunity to avail themselves of the new CPR guidelines; it is in the public interest to try and achieve these standards.

Originality/value

The paper highlights the continuing risks in providing substandard resuscitation.
Getting the brain into gear: Reuven Feuerstein and structural cognitive modifiability
Authors: Dawes Graham
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to bring to readers' attention the importance of cognitive development, how it comes into play within the world of organizations and that there are resources available for bringing it about.

Design/methodology/approach

Having indicated the author's own recognition of the need for a way to assist managers in their cognitive development, the paper covers the approach of Reuven Feuerstein who has been working for years in this area, though mainly with young people. The paper provides some indication of the elements within Feuerstsein's approach, emphasizing the importance of mediated learning experience.

Findings

The exploration in the study led to finding an approach to cognitive development and one which has proved useful in organizations.

Practical implications

The practical implications are that those concerned with learning and development might put more attention on the cognitive aspects of development and that, as a field, we might explore the available resources for assisting us in this process.

Originality/value

This paper alerts readers to the likelihood that cognitive development will become a much more significant focus of the learning and development field in the future. This is less likely to be recognized while there is unawareness of the existence of resources that can assist in this. Through focussing on one such resource, the work of Reuven Feuerstein, the paper indicates that a good deal of work has already been accomplished in this field and, further, that it aligns significantly with aspects that developers will be familiar with from their own practice.
Improving environmental performance by means of empowerment of contractors
Authors: Liyin Shen , Hong Yao , Griffith Alan
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To present ways for empowering contractors in improving environmental performance particularly to meet the requirements defined in ISO 14000.

Design/methodology/approach

To review the traditional methodologies for protecting the environment in undertaking construction activities, investigate the limitations of these methods and the associated reasons, and apply the principles of ISO 14000 environmental management system (EMS) to develop an effective framework for helping contractors to become competent in implementing environmental management.

Findings

The major methodologies developed for protecting the environment in construction include governmental regulations, economic measures, and EMSs. However, the applications of these measures are limited. The typical causes contributing to the limitation include the clash between cost and environment, environmentally passive culture within construction industry, lack of cooperation among project parties, and clash between contract time and implementing environmental management methods. Furthermore, the practice of environment management is mainly driven by external impetus such as legal enforcement incentive programmes from government. However, the effectiveness cannot be gained if internal motivation does not exist. This paper introduces a framework to help a contractor to cultivate an environmentally friendly culture within its organization.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a framework for empowering contractors in improving environmental performance by identifying the weaknesses of the existing practice and applying a systematic approach of implementing environmental management approaches.
Preliminary assessment of the effects of fertilizers on soil properties in farming areas, southern Kuwait
Authors: Al‐Hurban Adeeba
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The present study aims to determine the residue levels in the soil and water prior to, and after fertilization, as previous soil investigations in Kuwait indicated that different types of fertilizers are used leaving residues in the soil, in order to assist the prospective farmers in choosing environmental sound chemicals for each crop. The importance of the following is to determine the geologic conditions of the soil in such a productive farm area and the effect of the use of fertilizers.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the study purpose soil and water samples were collected over a wide area and chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), cations (Ca+2, Mg+2), and anions (CO3−2,HCO3−,Cl−)) were obtained via the suitable and most appropriate chemical analyses.

Findings

The soils have several levels of calcareous contents along with varying salinity and alkalinity. Before fertilization on average, soil ECe ranges from 0.93 to 4.37 mS/cm, pH from 7.4 to 7.60, cations 8.00 to 36.00 meq/l, and anions from 4.85 to 29.61 meq/l. After fertilization pH ranges from 7.09 to 7.47, ECe ranged from 3.79 to 12.85 mS/cm, cations ranges from 29.75 to 66.36 meq/l, and anions ranges from 15.18 to 63.32 meq/l; showing that ECe, cations and anions average values has increased by almost three to four orders of magnitude. Furthermore, ECe, pH, cations, and anions values have sharply increased with depth. The evidence from this study shows that vertical leaching adversely contributes to the deterioration of the groundwater quality and rate.

Practical implications

The output of this study is intended to be the building block or the nuclei for a data bank on the prevailed agricultural practices in different aspects, and upon which further studies on the southern area of Kuwait will depend.

Originality/value

The farm areas in the southern region of Kuwait state (case study: Al‐Wafrah farms) suffer from misuse and mismanagement of the agricultural lands in different aspects. This paper provides new source of information on the historical record of farm development and the nature, performance and results of the associated agricultural practices in such areas, as so to be the base or the starting point form which further studies can go forth.
The application of Kruskal‐Wallis technique for flood prediction in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Gobo A.E. , Abam T.K.S. , Ogam F.N.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To evaluate and examine human perception of causes, frequency, duration, impact, adjustment patterns and local attempts of control, protection and flood prediction in Niger Delta. This will enable rural dwellers to appreciate some local flood control measures.

Design/methodology/approach

Through questionnaires administered in reclaimed areas of urban centres and flood prone communities in the Niger Delta. The data abstracted from questionnaires were then analyzed through Kruskal‐Wallis Function. The Kruskal‐Wallis approach was used as it takes care of large data points, which consists of nominal or ordinal data.

Findings

Human perception of flooding as regards impact and local attempts at flood prediction differ among Niger Delta States. The study highlights the socio‐economic implications of flooding as regards to causes, effects, control and predictive measures.

Practical implications

Assist rural dwellers on cheaper local and emergency measures such as use of sand bars, opening up of creeks and assess, cleaning of drainages to allow free flow.

Originality/value

The paper suggests continuous enlightenment programs as a means to encourage local and emergency measures to be adopted when flooding occurs. The work is original as no such work or analysis had been carried out in the Niger Delta in the past. The paper has provided raw data and knowledge, and adds to the limited literature in the Niger Delta. On the flooding cycles of the Niger Delta. It should also raise the awareness of local dwellers on the requirements for flood emergency response and adjustment.
Urban management and heritage tourism for sustainable development
Authors: Nana Ato Arthur Stephen , Victor Mensah John
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To share knowledge with the public, stimulate further ideas for improvement of the project and to encourage other local government authorities to undertake similar projects, where appropriate.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper used library research to generate secondary data. It examined the processes that led to the formulation and implementation of plan dubbed “the Elmina 2015 Strategy” which aims at creating socially and ecologically sustainable urban environment while at the same time stimulating local economic development and preserving the cultural heritage through tourism.

Findings

Elmina has historic assets and a number of strengths and opportunities that could be utilised to enhance local economic development. These are being facilitated within the strategy of Elmina Cultural Heritage and Management Programme (ECHMP), which covers the principles of stakeholder participation, private sector initiative, public‐private partnership and effective urban management. The ECHMP recognises the interconnections between tourism and socio‐economic and ecological factors for sustainable development. The Strategy outlines the development path of the city in the next ten years. The ECHMP has successfully completed a number of planned projects while other projects are under implementation. Urban management must respect and incorporate human practices and actions of the local people into its professional approach to urban development. Empowering and participation of local and other partners in identifying and implementing the local development strategies is capable of improving local economy. Without local participation, sustainable strategy cannot be achieved.

Practical implications

The challenges facing the programme include inadequate local funds, slow response of some development partners, and poor attitudes of some citizens with regard to indiscriminate dumping of waste. Thus, further action is needed to deepen stakeholder participation, urban management and good governance for sustainable heritage development.

Originality/value

The paper strengthens existing information through the use of new arguments.
Statistical methods for analysis of seasonal modifications in the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon
Authors: Camuffo M. , Benvenuto F. , Marani Abbadessa M. , Modenese L. , Marani A.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

To define synthetic indices of changes of vegetation coverage on salt marshes of the Venice lagoon that might be used to model changes of the entire basin.

Design/methodology/approach

Remote sensing data from the satellite sensor QuickBird were processed to retrieve vegetation coverage in different seasons, i.e. different phenological stages of the halophytic vegetation. These changes have been described by means of landscape metrics (LSM's) and statistical moments.

Findings

LSM's selected have been useful to describe the dominant shapes of vegetation coverage, while the low variations occurred were only partially explained. The first four statistical moments have been only partially functional to the description of temporal variation of the patches.

Practical implications

These indicators, whose performances have been evaluated by the present work, could be used to detect larger variations on longer period and on wider spatial scale. In this way it could also be possible to easily detect the effects of changes on the hydrodynamic regime that may occur in relation with new projected interventions on the Venice lagoon.

Originality/value

This approach has never been applied to salt marshes of the Venice lagoon. The remote sensing data, in particular LSM's and statistical moments applied together, might be valuable tools to detect shape changes in the delicate environment of salt marshes and suggest possible remedies for problems of managing the Venice lagoon.
The contribution of the UNESCO biosphere reserve concept to urban resilience
Authors: Stanvliet Ruida , Parnell Susan
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the contribution of the UNESCO biosphere reserve concept to urban resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper examines the challenges underpinning the problem of environmental degradation in cities. It then briefly considers available initiatives that can be implemented toward the realization of more sustainable cities. A case is made for the possible contribution of the UNESCO biosphere reserve concept as a useful urban management tool.

Findings

Urban administrators have a range of tools to select from to support the design and management of sustainable cities. It is argued that the UNESCO biosphere reserve concept is potentially a very valuable tool, although, apart from academic studies, not truly tested in an urban context.

Originality/value

Biological diversity is the very essence that sustains life on earth and forms the basis of quality living conditions, even within built‐up areas. Today, cities are facing the pressures of increasing populations and the effects thereof on the environment. The challenge facing cities is how to improve the quality of life of all city dwellers amidst the environmental challenge of dwindling natural resources. The paper looks at a number of initiatives available to city administrators in their quest to create liveable cities. It is perhaps timeous to research the potential applicability of the biosphere reserve framework as an urban tool toward more resilient, environmentally acceptable urban landscapes.
Predicting probability of default of Indian corporate bonds: logistic and Z‐score model approaches
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arindam
Published: July 2006

Purpose

This paper aims at developing an early warning signal model for predicting corporate default in emerging market economy like India. At the same time, it also aims to present methods for directly estimating corporate probability of default (PD) using financial as well as non‐financial variables.

Design/methodology/approach

Multiple Discriminate Analysis (MAD) is used for developing Z‐score models for predicting corporate bond default in India. Logistic regression model is employed to directly estimate the probability of default.

Findings

The new Z‐score model developed in this paper depicted not only a high classification power on the estimated sample, but also exhibited a high predictive power in terms of its ability to detect bad firms in the holdout sample. The model clearly outperforms the other two contesting models comprising of Altman's original and emerging market set of ratios respectively in the Indian context. In the logit analysis, the empirical results reveal that inclusion of financial and non‐financial parameters would be useful in more accurately describing default risk.

Originality/value

Using the new Z‐score model of this paper, banks, as well as investors in emerging market like India can get early warning signals about the firm's solvency status and might reassess the magnitude of the default premium they require on low‐grade securities. The default probability estimate (PD) from the logistic analysis would help banks for estimation of credit risk capital (CRC) and setting corporate pricing on a risk adjusted return basis.
Best execution compliance: new techniques for managing compliance risk
Authors: Mainelli Michael , Yeandle Mark
Published: July 2006

Purpose

New regulatory initiatives, principally MiFID and RegNMS, challenge wholesale financial firms to prove that they can provide best execution for their clients. This article aims to outline the background to the problem and suggest that current research into SVM/DAPR applications may provide a practical approach.

Design/methodology/approach

The article presents a desk review of current issues in “best execution” based on work with European brokers and others, followed by initial, promising trial of SVM/DAPR.

Findings

The article finds that brokers need automated tools, e.g. “sifting engines” that help them to focus compliance efforts on anomalous trades.

Research limitations/implications

Although brokers appear to need assistance in identifying anomalous trades, whether they place significant effort in compliance depends on regulatory enforcement.

Originality/value

MiFID and RegNMS will require changes in current practice. SVM/DAPR approaches appear to be worth further investigation.
The Cramér‐Rao lower bound on variance: Adam and Eve's “uncertainty principle”
Authors: Powers Michael R.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The editorial aims to describe the importance of the Cramér‐Rao lower bound (CRLB) in matters of risk, and consider why this inequality generally receives less attention than it deserves.

Design/methodology/approach

The CRLB is discussed in the context of other celebrated equations, one of which (Heisenberg's uncertainty principle) is actually implied by the CRLB. A hypothetical world with no randomness on the macroscopic level is then imagined, and the role of the CRLB in that world is considered.

Findings

It is found that in a world with no macroscopic uncertainty, the CRLB would play a central role in describing the “counterintuitive” concept of randomness.

Originality/value

The editorial identifies and explores an important epistemological result that is under‐appreciated.
Technology roadmapping for the next generation manufacturing enterprise
Authors: Gindy Nabil N.Z. , Cerit Bülent , Hodgson Allan
Published: July 2006

Purpose

For high technology companies, the successful acquisition and management of technology to enable the development and manufacture of innovative products is a key factor in their competitiveness. Seeks to present an integrated technology road‐mapping methodology that enables management to define its technology requirements, taking account of financial and other issues, to assess proposed technology projects against these requirements and to create a balanced technology project portfolio.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology consists of six steps or phases; the first three steps produce a set of technology requirements based on a company's business drivers, products and competitive position; the last three steps enable the creation and assessment of a portfolio of research and development projects.

Findings

Applications of the methodology in industry have demonstrated that the integrated nature of the process, from a derivation of technology requirements to investment decision making, improves the clarity and transparency of decision making. In particular, the linking of technology requirements assessment to portfolio generation makes it easier to justify the assignment of resources to technology assessment.

Practical implications

The methodology has been applied successfully in a high technology manufacturing environment. The formalized methodology ensures that assumptions and preferences have to be externalized and justified. In addition, the results of a road‐mapping or project assessment session can be re‐examined at a later date in order to ascertain the reasoning behind decisions taken.

Originality/value

An integrated road‐mapping methodology is presented which utilizes both financial and non‐financial (including intangible) factors to provide guidance and enable the objective selection and assessment of a portfolio of technology projects. This software‐supported methodology has been applied successfully in high technology manufacturing companies.
Dynamic reconfiguration and simulation of manufacturing systems using agents
Authors: Anosike Anthony I. , Zhang David Z.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

Conventionally, various levels of decisions with regard to production are made in a number of sequential stages such as system design, production/process planning, production scheduling, system reconfiguration and system restructure. This paper aims to present an integrated approach for modelling, restructuring and simulating manufacturing systems to suit changing manufacturing situations as quickly as possible.

Design/methodology/approach

An agent‐based approach is employed where each manufacturing resource is represented by an agent. Simply speaking, the approach enables the machines in a manufacturing system to manage themselves efficiently and effectively.

Findings

The agent‐based modelling and interaction approach enables manufacturing resources to be allocated dynamically in an optimal manner. The modelling approach also enables alternative system configurations to be identified and evaluated using distributed discrete event simulation system. Resource allocation and manufacturing system control can take place simultaneously with simulation.

Originality/value

This paper presents a successful integration of agent‐based modelling, process planning, scheduling, control, identification of alternative system configurations, simulation and analysis of the configurations and PLC reprogramming within a coherent framework for improved manufacturing responsiveness.
Observations on modelling strategies for vendor‐managed inventory
Authors: Sydney White Anthony , Censlive Michael
Published: July 2006

Purpose

This paper sets out to describe transform methods to control vendor‐managed inventory (VMI). It aims to examine the limits of modelling approaches within control‐theoretic models.

Design/methodology/approach

Modelling was achieved with the Simulink package using the equations developed by Disney and Towill for a two‐tier VMI system. Discrete and continuous models were considered together with two forms of production delays: a finite delay and the Forrester exponential delay. Standard control engineering analyses of these delay representations were compared to illustrate how the system response and stability depend on their formulation and to determine the permissible gains.

Findings

Response by a discrete or continuous model to step inputs in sales rates depends on the type of delay representation but the responses do not differ by more than 5 per cent if the same delay form is used in the models. The prime effect of using a finite delay is to deepen the stock‐out and increase the required order rate compared with the same response observed with the use of exponential forms of delay. Total time for recovery is similar with all models. It is shown that the continuous model with an exponential delay is always stable and when using a fixed delay the continuous model can be made stable.

Practical implications

The models presented here illustrate that the various forms of control‐theoretic models present similar results irrespective of technique used, provided that they have the same delay type. The range of gains for the required order rate can be computed for any VMI system, knowing that they can be designed to guarantee stable operation.

Originality/value

This work extends that of Disney and Towill to include different modelling representations. It allows operational gains to be safely chosen for stable operation.
A study on the value‐chain strategies of enterprises adopting electronic marketplaces in free and controlled markets
Authors: Fu Hsin‐Pin , Chang Tien‐Hsiang , Lee Wan‐I , Lu Cheng‐Chin
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of the research is to explore electronic marketplace (EM) strategies adopted by enterprises in free markets and controlled markets. Meanwhile, their differences are compared.

Design/methodology/approach

In the research, the EM strategies adopted by enterprises in free markets from the value‐chain perspective are discussed first. Then, in‐depth interviews with enterprises in controlled markets are followed.

Findings

The effect on corporations' marketing effectiveness is rather limited because fewer competitors resulted in little competition and more monopolization in a controlled market. Also, the buyer focuses on product quality without a high awareness of the concept of cost.

Practical implications

The results indicate that there are differences in EM strategies adopted by enterprises in free and controlled markets from the value‐chain perspective.

Originality/value

Faced with the expanding internationalized markets, companies must carefully consider the operational modes and strategies of EMs.
Customer‐supplier integration forms in the air‐conditioning industry
Authors: Furlan Andrea , Romano Pietro , Camuffo Arnaldo
Published: July 2006

Purpose

This paper explores what suppliers and customers do in order to integrate their operations across the supply chain. It also identifies on what contextual factors these specific CSI practices are contingent.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses the multiple case study methodology as a basis for theory formulation. Insights from nine cases of OEM‐supplier relationships in the Italian high precision air conditioning industry are used to address the research questions and formulate theoretical propositions.

Findings

The paper develops four theoretical propositions derived from a framework that identifies four CSI forms contingent on two contextual variables – the value impact of goods purchased from each supplier and the degree of purchasing goods customization.

Research limitations/implications

This paper provides a framework that advances the understanding of effective supplier relations management in two ways. Firstly, it gets over the traditional dichotomy between arm's length relationships and strategic partnerships by identifying a more articulated typology of CSI forms. Secondly, it characterizes each of the four CSI forms in terms of the practices buyers and suppliers apply to manage four key business processes.

Practical implications

The paper provides a template to configure integration in customer‐supplier relations and suggests the different mix of integrative practices business partners should use in diverse supply chain environments.

Originality/value

The proposed framework improves existing theory that either considers one single aspect of customer‐supplier relations (i.e. pricing, logistics, or new product development) or interprets interfirm collaboration as a single dimension phenomenon.
MUDPY ontology: a tool for multimedia project planning, design and development
Authors: Jakkilinki R. , Sharda N. , Ahmad I.
Published: July 2006

Purpose

This paper seeks to describe the process used to develop the multimedia design and planning pyramid (MUDPY) ontology, and the role played by the MUDPY ontology as a planning, design and development tool in multimedia projects.

Design/methodology/approach

The MUDPY model was implemented for the semantic web by developing an ontology for it. This ontology facilitates defining the concepts existing in that domain, their attributes and the relationships between them.

Findings

The MUDPY ontology can guide developers through the various phases of a multimedia project in a systematic fashion by allowing them to create a project proposal, specify the functional requirements, decide on the navigational structure and create a storyboard, and thus create high‐quality projects.

Research limitations/implications

The current system is a prototype. This MUDPY ontology can be extended by adding more classes in order to increase its functionality; for example, one can develop special plug‐in widgets to generate project reports required during multimedia project planning and design.

Practical implications

By using the MUDPY ontology, developers can follow a systematic process for project development, and better manage the complexity of multimedia projects.

Originality/value

The paper introduces the MUDPY model and its ontology, and shows a multimedia author the pathway to manage a multitude of concepts and assets required in a multimedia project.
Demand chain effectiveness – supply chain efficiencies
Authors: Walters David
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to argue that a number of organisations focused their efforts on developing sophisticated supply chains such that their managerial focus became myopic, and many lost sight of their markets and their customers, missing the fact that the customers, failing to realise their expectations, switched their loyalties. Thus it is argued here that it is essential to understand the demand chain prior to making supply chain structure decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The first step is to reinforce the point that both supply chain management and demand chain management are about process management. The second step is to re‐validate the notion of the demand chain as a separate entity from the supply chain.

Findings

It is interesting to postulate that the differences between the demand chain‐led organization and the supply chain‐led organisation are based on emphasis. The paper attempts to make this point by suggesting that, while supply chain management is to a degree customer‐focused, the emphasis is on efficiency. Management concern is cost‐led and attempts to provide an adequate level of service. The danger here is that customers may be “aggregated” or fitted into categories that appear to be nearly relevant. Thus the link between supplier relationship management and customer relationship management is tenuous. By contrast the demand chain approach is a broader view of relationship management, taking a view that supplier and customer relationship management overlap, and that effective management is to integrate the two. If this is achieved, it results in bringing often conflicting objectives more closely together.

Research limitations/implications

Contrasting the demand chain approach as a broader view of relationship management, and taking the view that effective management is to integrate the two. The view is that, if this is achieved, it results in bringing often conflicting objectives more closely together. Clearly more research is needed before such a view can be held with conviction.

Practical implications

This paper argues that a number of organisations focused their efforts on developing sophisticated supply chains such that their managerial focus became myopic, and many lost sight of their markets and their customers, missing the fact that the customers, failing to realise their expectations, switched their loyalties.

Originality/value

It is argued here that it is essential to understand the demand chain prior to making supply chain structure decisions.
Issues in supplier partner selection
Authors: Banks Pidduck Anne
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this conceptual paper is to attempt to answer the related questions of how and why supply chain partners are chosen. Research objectives are to understand how and why collaborative partners are chosen, by learning the actual decision‐making processes and key factors in partner selection.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed methods approach was chosen, comprising: a focused literature review, to identify key issues, and informal interviews, leading to the development of a Partner Negotiation Model; a multiple case study approach, involving formal interviews about two partnerships, supplemented by documentation, contracts, correspondence and other records; and some manual data analysis and a qualitative research tool. The whole resulted in identification of significant issues for partner negotiation and selection.

Findings

Contrary to accepted theory in the alliance, partner selection, and decision‐making literature, the results show that alliance partners are chosen through a complex negotiation process rather than rational selection. The research and interviews with software industry collaborators suggest roles for factors such as complexity, cyclic negotiation, several types of partners, several levels of alliance formation, and hidden factors, such as personal friendship or perceived reputation. Overall, the problem of collaborative partner selection was found to be much more complex than expected.

Research limitations/implications

Research results are limited by the small sample of partnerships reviewed, but the results can be used as a starting‐point for further larger‐scale studies.

Practical implications

Supply chain partners in business can use these results to help them better understand the process and criteria for future supply partner selection.

Originality/value

The results may be used to develop a set of partner selection recommendations for practitioners. For specific firms that become involved in organizing supply chain alliances, the results of this work will provide decision support in terms of choosing among partners or indeed whether to engage in a particular relationship.
Optimizing success in supply chain partnerships
Authors: Maheshwari Bharat , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Uma
Published: July 2006

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to take an emergent process theory perspective and model the supply chain partnering process as a series of four linked models that correspond to the phases of the partnership lifecycle, from initiation to maturity/termination, and discuss the management issues in those phases critical for optimal success of partnerships. The framework developed in this paper provides a road‐map to manage and optimize realization of partnership benefits.

Design/methodology/approach

The “partnership formation to business value” process is described as a series of four linked models that correspond to the phases of partnership lifecycle: foundation, implementation, shakedown, and onwards and upwards. The outcomes of one phase become starting conditions for the next. Thus, decisions and actions in a phase may subsequently increase or decrease the potential for optimal success.

Findings

Optimal partnership success is conceptualized and a framework for approaching optimal success in four broad phases is developed. It is believed that business organizations can considerably improve the realization of partnering benefits by focusing on the critical issues in the partnering process. Organizations cognizant of the critical issues in the various phases of supply chain partnerships can make systematic efforts to manage them better by providing training, incentives, leadership, and an overall environment that facilitates partnering and realization of partnering objectives.

Research limitations/implications

A natural extension of this study could be to explore empirically the critical issues which have been identified, in greater detail. Given the wide variation in organizations due to size, products, and sectors, specific studies of supply chain partnerships, which compare partnerships along these dimensions, would also be valuable for understanding specific concerns. Empirical studies would also help to clarify the use of supply chain partnerships as a means to establish and sustain competitive advantage.

Practical implications

The framework developed in this paper provides a road‐map to manage and optimize realization of partnership benefits.

Originality/value

The prime benefit of this study is that it provides valuable insight on key issues in managing supply chain partnerships. Optimal partnership success is conceptualized and a framework for approaching optimal success in four broad phases is developed.