bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupled effects of wind‐storms and drought on tree mortality across 115 forest stands from the Western Alps and the Jura mountains
Authors: Csilléry Katalin , Kunstler Georges , Courbaud Benoît , Allard Denis , Lassègues Pierre , Haslinger Klaus , Gardiner Barry
Published: June 2017

Damage due to wind‐storms and droughts is increasing in many temperate forests, yet little is known about the long‐term roles of these key climatic factors in forest dynamics and in the carbon budget. The objective of this study was to estimate individual and coupled effects of droughts and wind‐storms on adult tree mortality across a 31‐year period in 115 managed, mixed coniferous forest stands from the Western Alps and the Jura mountains. For each stand, yearly mortality was inferred from management records, yearly drought from interpolated fields of monthly temperature, precipitation and soil water holding capacity, and wind‐storms from interpolated fields of daily maximum wind speed. We performed a thorough model selection based on a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation of the time series. We compared different critical wind speeds (CWSs) for damage, wind‐storm, and stand variables and statistical models. We found that a model including stand characteristics, drought, and storm strength using a CWS of 25 ms−1 performed the best across most stands. Using this best model, we found that drought increased damage risk only in the most southerly forests, and its effect is generally maintained for up to 2 years. Storm strength increased damage risk in all forests in a relatively uniform way. In some stands, we found positive interaction between drought and storm strength most likely because drought weakens trees, and they became more prone to stem breakage under wind‐loading. In other stands, we found negative interaction between drought and storm strength, where excessive rain likely leads to soil water saturation making trees more susceptible to overturning in a wind‐storm. Our results stress that temporal data are essential to make valid inferences about ecological impacts of disturbance events, and that making inferences about disturbance agents separately can be of limited validity. Under projected future climatic conditions, the direction and strength of these ecological interactions could also change.
Mini‐Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form as a useful method of predicting poor 1‐year outcome in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery
Authors: Chu Che‐Sheng , Liang Chih‐Kuang , Chou Ming‐Yueh , Lu Ti , Lin Yu‐Te , Chu Chin‐Liang
Published: June 2017

Aim

The present study aimed to determine whether the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form (MNA‐SF) can predict the 1‐year outcome of orthopedic fracture surgery in elderly patients.

Methods

This 1‐year prospective study assessed nutrition using the MNA‐SF at baseline, and postoperatively at 6 and 12 months. Repeated measures analysis of covariance was used to examine functional change over time for two MNA‐SF categories. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with forward stepwise modeling was carried out to identify risk factors of functional decline, emergency department visit, hospital readmission and mortality at follow up.

Results

There were 312 participants, 11 of whom died (3.53%) during 1‐year follow up. The mean age was 74.04 ± 7.65 years. A total of 88.1% and 11.9% of the participants were well nourished (MNA‐SF 12–14 points) or at risk of undernutrition (0–11 points), respectively. For MNA‐SF as a continuous variable, lower MNA‐SF scores were associated with a significantly higher risk of emergency department visit at 6‐month follow up, and mortality at 12‐month follow up (emergency room visit, adjusted odds ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.63–0.96, P < 0.05; mortality, adjusted odds ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.94, P < 0.05). No association was found between functional decline and hospital readmission, and MNA‐SF scores. For MNA‐SF categories, functional decline was more profound in patients at risk of undernutrition than in well‐nourished patients, especially 6–12 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

The MNA‐SF could be an effective and non‐invasive preoperative screening tool to predict functional decline, emergency department visit and mortality during the year after surgery. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2361–2368.
Feather colours of live birds and museum specimens look similar when viewed by seabirds
Authors: Brunton Martin Amy L. , Gaskett Anne C. , Friesen Megan R.
Published: June 2017

Bird plumage and skin colour can be assessed from museum specimens. To determine whether these accurately represent the colours of live birds when viewed by birds themselves, we analysed the spectral reflectances of live and up to 100‐year‐old museum specimens of five seabird species (White‐faced PetrelPelagodroma marina,Common Diving PetrelPelecanoides urinatrix,Grey‐faced PetrelPterodroma gouldi,Little ShearwaterPuffinus assimilisand Fluttering ShearwaterPuffinus gavia). Live birds had brighter colours than museum specimens, but there were no significant differences in the wavelengths reflected. Modelling indicated that seabirds would be able to detect colour changes in the skin, but not the feathers, of museum specimens, but only for species with blue or pink feet (Pelecanoides urinatrixandPuffinus assimilis). For seabirds, museum specimens are adequate proxies for feather colour but not for skin colour.
Identification of DJ‐1 as a contributor to multidrug resistance in human small‐cell lung cancer using proteomic analysis
Authors: Gao Hongyi , Niu Yuchun , Li Man , Fang Shun , Guo Linlang
Published: June 2017

Proteomic approaches have been proven to provide an important tool in identifying drug resistance‐associated proteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein profiling of drug resistance‐related proteins in small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) by proteomic analysis. The proteomic profiling was performed by two‐dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE) coupled with MALDI‐TOF‐TOF of SCLC in the multidrug‐resistant cell line H69AR and its parental cell line H69. A total of 11 proteins were identified to be >2‐fold up‐or downregulated between the two cell lines. DJ‐1, one of the differently expressed proteins identified by proteomics, was further examined by immunohistochemistry staining in 116 cases of SCLC tissues. Immunohistochemical results demonstrated that DJ‐1 was expressed in 51.7% (60/116) of SCLC. DJ‐1 expression was correlated significantly with survival time of SCLC patients (P < 0.05), but not with other clinical parameters such as gender, age and clinical stage (P > 0.05). Downregulation of DJ‐1 using DJ‐1‐siRNA in H69AR cells sensitized cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs through increasing drug‐induced cell apoptosis accompanied with G0‐G1 phase arrest. These findings suggest DJ‐1 may serve as a potential biomarker for chemoresistance and prognostic factor for patients with SCLC.
Grape juice concentrate alleviates epididymis and sperm damage in cadmium‐intoxicated rats
Authors: Lamas Celina de A. , Cuquetto‐Leite Livia , do Nascimento da Silva Emanueli , Thomazini Bruna F. , Cordeiro Gabriel da S. , Predes Fabrícia de S. , Gollücke Andrea P.B. , Dolder Heidi
Published: June 2017

The possibility of long‐term grape juice concentrate (GJC) consumption conferring a protective effect against cadmium (Cd)‐induced damage to the epididymis, completely preserving sperm profile, was evaluated here for the first time in the scientific literature. MaleWistarrats (n = 6/per group) received an intraperitoneal Cd injection (1.2 mg/Kg) at age 80 days andGJC(2 g/Kg) by gavage from 50 days until 136 days old. Groups receiving either Cd orGJCwere added. An intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.9%) and water by gavage was administered in the absence of treatment with Cd orGJC. Animals were anaesthetized and exsanguinated at 136 days; the vas deferens, left testis and epididymis were removed; and perfusion continued with fixative. The right epididymis was collected for morphological analysis. Cd had a devastating effect demonstrated by reduced sperm count in testes and epididymis, sperm production and normal sperm count, besides increased epididymis sperm transit time and completely disorganized morphology. These alterations were attributed to higher Cd levels in the testes and a lipid peroxidation (LP) process. Consumption ofGJCplus Cd intoxication was effective, reducing metal accumulation andLP. Consequently, we could identify a preserved sperm profile, with improvement in testis and epididymis sperm count, normal sperm structure and sperm transit time. Moreover,GJCextends its protective effect to the epididymis, allowing complete re‐establishment of its morphology, ensuring successful sperm maturation process. In conclusion, our study indicates long‐termGJCas a promising therapy against reproductive chemical intoxication injury damage, preserving sperm prior to ejaculation.
Eliminating the negative effect of monoclinic Nb2O5 on electrical properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics by two‐step sintering
Authors: Jiao Yanlin , Chen Kepi , An Linan
Published: June 2017

This study investigates the electrical properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics prepared by using monoclinic Nb2O5 as the starting material. The results reveal that the samples prepared by two‐step sintering procedure are much better than those prepared by conventional sintering procedure. The piezoelectric constant (d33) reaches the value measured from the samples prepared from orthorhombic Nb2O5, suggesting the two‐step sintering procedure could be an effective method to remove the negative effect of monoclinic Nb2O5. The underlying mechanism for the improving effect is discussed.
Synthesis and growth of anorthite crystal during in situ preparation of porous anorthite ceramics by foam‐gelcasting
Authors: Li Cuiwei , Han Yao , Wu Linghao , Wang Chang‐An
Published: June 2017

Pure anorthite porous ceramics have been fabricated using γ‐Al2O3, CaCO3, and SiO2 as raw materials through foam‐gelcasting method. XRD, thermal analysis, SEM, and TEM were used to study the synthesis and grain growth of anorthite during the in situ process. The results indicated that the initiator (ammonium presulfate) took part in the chemical reaction to form CaSO4, which played an effective role during synthesis of anorthite. Besides, CaO and CaSiO2 were the other intermediate phase during synthesis. Anorthite first occurred at 1050°C, and it was the only phase after it sintered over 1260°C. With sintering temperature increasing from 1300°C to 1450°C, the large sphere pore wall got denser and the anorthite grains obviously showed platelike. It was deduced that the preferential growth of anorthite crystals was parallel to the (004) plane.
Facile preparation of hollow‐structured mesoporous silica spheres with large and ordered mesochannels
Authors: Ma Ning , Zhang Yue , Yang Jinlong , Huang Yong
Published: June 2017

In this study, a facile one‐step method was proposed to prepare pore‐expanded hollow‐structured mesoporous silica spheres. The method hollowed silica spheres, at the same time, expanded mesopores sizes. So this method not only achieved preparation of hollow mesoporous silica spheres by self‐templating strategy but also expanded mesochannels. The influences of different pore‐expanding agents and the reaction time on the degree of hollowing and pore‐expanding were also investigated. The obtained samples possess hollow structure, well‐defined spherical morphology, uniform particle size, large mesoporous volume, ordered, and large mesochannels. In addition, the hollow cavity size and the mesoporous size could be controlled via choosing the appropriate pore‐expanding agent and reaction time.
Consumers’ perceptions of food waste: A pilot study of U.S. students
Authors: Zepeda Lydia , Balaine Lorraine
Published: June 2017

Participants in this pilot study are asked to rank their perceptions of food waste by choosing between pairs of four types of foods of equal weight: chicken, cheese, bread and peas. We examine whether these perceptions are consistent for proportionally different weights and whether they are linked to the perceived cost of the items. The subjects (n = 106) who are students are randomly assigned to one of three information treatments: a control, a food waste video or the text of the food waste video. We find that the subjects have very accurate perceptions of the environmental impacts of food waste and the relative wastefulness of different food groups. These perceptions are not related to cooking skills or frequency. We find that the perceptions are consistent for proportionally different weights of food: 25 and 50 g. We also find that the perceptions are linked to participants’ assessments of the relative prices of the foods. However, while the participants have somewhat accurate estimates of the relative prices, they vastly overestimate the actual prices of foods. This implies that more accurate information about the true prices could actually decrease their perceptions of the wastefulness of throwing out food. Given that the participants had highly accurate perceptions of the environmental impacts of food waste and the relative wastefulness of animal vs. plant products, we found no significant increase in overall accuracy of perceptions due to information treatment, except for bread, for those who saw the food waste video.
Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis in patients using sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors
Authors: Isaacs Michelle , Tonks Katherine T. , Greenfield Jerry R.
Published: June 2017

Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are an increasingly prescribed class of medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) has been reported in association with SGLT2i use. Clinicians need to understand how to recognise and treat this complication. We describe three cases of euDKA in patients treated with SGLT2i.
Pragmatic approach to chest pain patients discharged with undetectable high‐sensitivity troponin T and normal electrocardiogram: the STABS + CT protocol
Authors: Bishop Warrick , Girao Gary
Published: June 2017

A strategy that discharges chest pain patients with negative high‐sensitivity troponin and non‐ischaemic electrocardiography changes may still result in 0.44% of patients experiencing myocardial infarction within 30 days. We observed that a pragmatic approach that systematically discharged 25 patients on cardio‐protective medications of aspirin, metoprolol and atorvastatin followed with prompt (<10 days) coronary computed tomography angiography resulted in no major adverse cardiac event and adverse drug reaction 30 days post‐presentation. The strategy resulted in three patients (12%) ultimately diagnosed with likely unstable angina, which required planned coronary intervention in two patients and medical management in one patient. No unplanned readmissions for chest pains were noted from initial presentation through to 6‐month follow up.
Opioid addiction and misuse in adult and adolescent patients with cancer
Authors: Pinkerton Ross , Hardy Janet R.
Published: June 2017

In the context of a therapeutic opioid epidemic, particularly in the USA, where increasingly stringent screening for ‘at risk’ individuals and close monitoring of opioid prescription and use is strongly recommended, the issue of misuse within the cancer population must be addressed. Most patients with advanced cancer will have pain requiring opioid therapy at some stage during their disease course. In the majority, this will provide good pain relief with no short‐ or longer‐term adverse sequelae. A subset will present with substance misuse issues that will influence management and prescribing practice. The potential ethical issues of limiting effective analgesia on the basis of addiction risk or history must be acknowledged. Both a judgemental or ‘relaxed’ approach to such patients is problematic. Ignoring the situation will not be in the patient's best interest, but an undue focus on this aspect may damage therapeutic relationships with clinicians and adversely affect a holistic approach to care. Clinical practitioners must be aware of the risk factors for opioid misuse and in patients who are not under palliative care consider screening prior to commencing opioids. Clinicians must be able to manage and monitor those identified as having an opioid misuse problem.
Regulation of CD4 T cells and their effects on immunopathological inflammation following viral infection
Authors: Bhattacharyya Mitra , Madden Patrick , Henning Nathan , Gregory Shana , Aid Malika , Martinot Amanda J. , Barouch Dan H. , Penaloza‐MacMaster Pablo
Published: June 2017

CD4 T cells help immune responses, but knowledge of how memory CD4 T cells are regulated and how they regulate adaptive immune responses and induce immunopathology is limited. Using adoptive transfer of virus‐specific CD4 T cells, we show that naive CD4 T cells undergo substantial expansion following infection, but can induce lethal T helper type 1‐driven inflammation. In contrast, memory CD4 T cells exhibit a biased proliferation of T follicular helper cell subsets and were able to improve adaptive immune responses in the context of minimal tissue damage. Our analyses revealed that type I interferon regulates the expansion of primary CD4 T cells, but does not seem to play a critical role in regulating the expansion of secondary CD4 T cells. Strikingly, blockade of type I interferon abrogated lethal inflammation by primary CD4 T cells following viral infection, despite that this treatment increased the numbers of primary CD4 T‐cell responses. Altogether, these data demonstrate important aspects of how primary and secondary CD4 T cells are regulated in vivo, and how they contribute to immune protection and immunopathology. These findings are important for rational vaccine design and for improving adoptive T‐cell therapies against persistent antigens.
A quality control circle process to improve implementation effect of prevention measures for high‐risk patients
Authors: Feng Haixia , Li Guohong , Xu Cuirong , Ju Changping , Suo Peiheng
Published: June 2017

The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of prevention measures on pressure injuries for high‐risk patients and to establish the most appropriate methods of implementation.

Nurses assessed patients using a checklist and factors influencing the prevention of a pressure injury determined by brain storming. A specific series of measures was drawn up and an estimate of risk of pressure injury determined using the Braden Scale, analysis of nursing documents, implementation of prevention measures for pressure sores and awareness of the system both before and after carrying out a quality control circle (QCC) process.

The overall scores of implementation of prevention measures ranged from 74.86 ± 14.24 to 87.06 ± 17.04, a result that was statistically significant (P < 0.0025). The Braden Scale scores ranged from 8.53 ± 3.21 to 13.48 ± 3.57. The nursing document scores ranged from 7.67 ± 3.98 to 10.12 ± 1.63; prevention measure scores ranged from 11.48 ± 4.18 to 13.96 ± 3.92. Differences in all of the above results are statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Implementation of a QCC can standardise and improve the prevention measures for patients who are vulnerable to pressure sores and is of practical importance to their prevention and control.
Influence of composition on the unipolar electric fatigue of Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3‐(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 lead‐free piezoceramics
Authors: Rojas Virginia , Koruza Jurij , Patterson Eric A. , Acosta Matias , Jiang Xijie , Liu Na , Dietz Christian , Rödel Jürgen
Published: June 2017

The lead‐free (1−x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3‐x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 system is considered as promising candidate for the replacement of lead‐based piezoceramics in actuation applications, during which electric fatigue is a major concern. This issue was addressed in this work, where the unipolar fatigue resistance of three (1−x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3‐x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 compositions with different crystallographic structures (rhombohedral, orthorhombic, and tetragonal) was evaluated. Strain asymmetry and development of an internal bias field were observed in all compositions. The decrease in the remanent polarization and the large signal piezoelectric coefficient after 107 unipolar cycles was found to lie between 6%‐12% and 2%‐13%, respectively. The most pronounced fatigue was observed for the orthorhombic composition, which has the largest extrinsic contribution to strain. On the other hand, the best fatigue resistance was observed for the tetragonal composition, which has a predominantly intrinsic strain response. The correlation of fatigue resistance with strain mechanism was corroborated with determination of the Rayleigh parameters and changes in the domain morphology after cycling as confirmed by piezoresponse force microscopy.
Nonaqueous sol‐gel synthesis of InTaO4 nanoparticles and their assembly into macroscopic aerogels
Authors: Rechberger Felix , Tervoort Elena , Niederberger Markus
Published: June 2017

Due to their band gap energy, metal tantalates absorb both ultraviolet and visible parts of the solar spectrum, which is beneficial to applications in photocatalysis. However, tantalates are very challenging to synthesize. In comparison to traditional solid‐state reactions, which often lead to impurities, wet‐chemical approaches starting from molecular precursors offer better homogeneity. In this study, amorphous InTaO4 nanoparticles were synthesised in a nonaqueous sol‐gel method. Subsequent annealing at 800°C yielded crystalline and phase‐pure nanoparticles. In addition, the amorphous nanoparticles could be used as building blocks for the assembly into macroscopic gels by careful centrifugation. After supercritical drying, the three‐dimensionally interconnected microstructure was preserved, resulting in highly porous aerogel monoliths with a large surface area of 357 m2 g−1. Upon calcination, crystallization and 46% shrinkage of the aerogel occurred and a decrease in surface area to 49 m2 g−1 was observed. Uniaxial compression tests revealed the mechanical stability of these nanoparticle‐based aerogels. Although the large surface area and the ability to absorb visible light, combined with the unique mechanical properties, are ideal prerequisites to make these aerogels promising for photocatalytic reactions, the degradation of methylene blue only showed limited success.
Development of crystallographic texture in chemical solution deposited lead zirconate titanate seed layers
Authors: Borman Trent M. , Ko Song Won , Mardilovich Peter , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan E.
Published: June 2017

Direct seeding of {001} textured lead zirconate titanate (PZT) on platinized silicon substrates was achieved by chemical solution deposition. The processing space for {001} PZT texturing was explored, under fixed PZT pyrolysis and crystallization conditions, by varying the lead content in solution, dopant species, and PZT layer thicknesses for deposition on platinized Si substrates with different platinum grain sizes. Strong {001} texture was achieved on fine‐grained (25 nm) platinum deposited at room temperature and dense, large‐grained platinum (80 nm) deposited at elevated temperature. Increases in lead content of solutions (from lead excesses of 10 at.% to 16 at.%) reduced surface pyrochlore coverage, with no substantial influence on orientation or grain size. Seed layer texturing was found to be insensitive to doping (Mn and Nb) on room temperature platinum, although niobium doping increased pyrochlore coverage. Conversely, on platinum deposited at high temperature, manganese doping reduced the perovskite nucleation, producing a rosette microstructure. Undoped seed layers from 30 to 70 nm thick were found to be strongly {001} textured while thicker layers were {111} textured and thinner layers were poorly crystallized.
Spatial relationships and mechanisms of coexistence between dominant and subordinate top predators
Authors: Rebollo S. , Martínez‐Hesterkamp S. , García‐Salgado G. , Pérez‐Camacho L. , Fernández‐Pereira J. M. , Jenness J.
Published: June 2017

Most forest ecosystems contain a diverse community of top‐level predators. How these predator species interact, and how their interactions influence their spatial distribution is still poorly understood.

Here we studied interactions among top predators in a guild of diurnal forest raptors in order to test the hypothesis that predation among competing predators (intraguild predation) significantly affects the spatial distribution of predator species, causing subordinate species to nest farther away from the dominant ones.

The study analyzed a guild in southwestern Europe comprising three raptor species. For 8 years we studied the spatial distribution of used nests, breeding phenology, intraguild predation, territory occupancy, and nest‐builder species and subsequent nest‐user species.

The subordinate species (sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus) nested farther away from the dominant species (goshawk A. gentilis), which preyed on sparrowhawks but not on buzzards Buteo buteo, and closer to buzzards, with which sparrowhawks do not share many common prey. This presumably reflects an effort to seek protection from goshawks. This potential positive effect of buzzards on sparrowhawks may be reciprocal, because buzzards benefit from old sparrowhawk nests, which buzzards used as a base for their nests, and from used sparrowhawk nests, from which buzzards stole prey. Buzzards occasionally occupied old goshawk nests.

These results support our initial hypothesis that interspecific interactions within the raptor guild influence the spatial distribution of predator species in forest ecosystems, with intraguild predation as a key driver. We discuss several mechanisms that may promote the coexistence of subordinate and dominant predators and the spatial assembly of this raptor guild: spatial refuges, different breeding phenology, spatial avoidance, low territory occupancy between neighboring nesting territories, nest concealment and protection, and diet segregation.
Reputation as a governance mechanism? Evidence from payout policy of insider‐controlled firms in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Liang‐wei
Published: June 2017

This paper examines the effect of entrenched insiders’ reputational concerns on corporate payout policy in Taiwan, a market in which typical public firms are controlled by a single dominant shareholder who is subject to weak takeover threats and has incentives and abilities to extract private benefits by oppressing minority equity holders. The reputation‐building hypothesis predicts that firms with higher expropriation risk by a controlling shareholder make more payouts to credibly commit not to expropriate minority shareholders, thereby establishing reputation in the capital market for risk diversification and low‐cost external financing. I show that corporate payout intensity is significantly and positively correlated with measures related to the moral hazard of dominant owners. The reputation effect manifests in firms that most value it; the interaction analyses indicate that younger, smaller, or growth firms with higher controlling shareholder expropriation risk pay more cash dividends. Moreover, firms are less likely to omit dividends and more likely to resume dividends when their controlling shareholders are more entrenched. Finally, I show that the value of cash dividends is higher for firms with higher controlling shareholder expropriation risk and that expected dividend increases in these firms are value enhancing.
A prospective clinical trial to assess the optical efficacy of pink neck implants and pink abutments on soft tissue esthetics
Authors: Gil Mindy S. , Ishikawa‐Nagai Shigemi , Elani Hawazin W. , Da Silva John D. , Kim David M. , Tarnow Dennis , Schulze‐Späte Ulrike , Bittner Nurit
Published: June 2017

Objective

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical study was to analyze the optical effects of an anodized pink colored implant shoulder/abutment system in the peri‐implant mucosa of immediately placed dental implants.

Materials and Method

Forty subjects with a restoratively hopeless tooth in the maxillary esthetic zone, were recruited and randomized to receive either a pink‐neck implant, or a conventional gray implant. All patients received an immediate implant and immediate provisional and two identical CAD/CAM titanium abutments with different surface colors: pink and gray, and one zirconia all‐ceramic crown. The color of the peri‐implant mucosa was measured using a dental spectrophotometer and analyzed using CIELAB color system.

Results

The overall color difference between the peri‐implant mucosa with a pink abutment and a gray abutment was ΔE = 4.22. Patients with gray implants presented a color change of ΔE = 3.86‐4.17 with this abutment change, while patients with pink implants had a color change of ΔE = 3.84‐4.69. The peri‐implant mucosa with a pink abutment was significantly more red when compared with a gray abutment (P ≤ .01).

Conclusions

When a pink abutment was used, there is a significant color change of the peri‐implant mucosa that is above the detectable color threshold.

Clinical significance

Esthetic outcomes are important for the success of implant treatment of maxillary anterior implants. The phenomenon of the gray color of a dental implant and abutment shining through the peri‐implant mucosa has been documented in the literature. The objective of this study was to assess the optical effect of an anodized pink‐neck implant and a pink abutment on the color of peri‐implant mucosa. This study demonstrates that using pink‐neck implant and a pink abutment would contribute positively to the overall esthetic outcome for an anterior implant.
Public Participation: Moving Beyond the Four Walls of Therapy
Authors: Jordan Lorien S. , Seponski Desiree M.
Published: June 2017

Family therapists have an ethical responsibility for public participation, to work toward creating a better society. Serving the public interest and developing laws to promote the profession and the public good can be achieved through policy advocacy and political participation. Political and policy work are important but overlooked aspects of family therapy, which is significant given the consequences differing policies have for clients and the profession. This paper reports on results from a random, national survey of licensed family therapists’ (N = 174) advocacy actions. Findings indicate family therapists have overarching policy concerns yet lack proactive legislative and activist engagement. The exploration of therapists’ actions and beliefs presented in this paper, serves as a springboard for therapists’ movement into the public arena.

Video abstract accessible by clicking here.
Targeted unlabeled multiple reaction monitoring analysis of cell markers for the study of sample heterogeneity in isolated rat brain cortical microvessels
Authors: Gomez‐Zepeda David , Chaves Catarina , Taghi Méryam , Sergent Philippe , Liu Wang‐Qing , Chhuon Cérina , Vidal Michel , Picard Martin , Thioulouse Elizabeth , Broutin Isabelle , Guerrera Ida‐Chiara , Scherrmann Jean‐Michel , Parmentier Yannick , Decleves Xavier , Menet Marie‐Claude
Published: June 2017

Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry‐based targeted absolute protein quantification (in fmol of the analyte protein per μg of total protein) is employed for the molecular characterization of the blood–brain barrier using isolated brain microvessels. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of the sample regarding the levels of different cells co‐isolated within the microvessels and bovine serum albumin (BSA) contamination (from buffers) are not always evaluated. We developed an unlabeled targeted liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method to survey the levels of endothelial cells (ECs), astrocytes, and pericytes, as well as BSA contaminant in rat cortical microvessels. Peptide peak identities were evaluated using a spectral library and chromatographic parameters. Sprague–Dawley rat microvessels obtained on three different days were analyzed with this method complemented by an absolute quantification multiple reaction monitoring method for transporter proteins P‐gp, Bcrp, and Na+/K+ ATPase pump using stable isotope labeled peptides as internal standard. Inter‐day differences in the cell markers and BSA contamination were observed. Levels of cell markers correlated positively between each other. Then, the correlation between cell marker proteins and transporter proteins was evaluated to choose the best EC marker protein for protein quantification normalization. The membrane protein Pecam‐1 showed a very high correlation with the EC‐specific transporter P‐gp (Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient (r) > 0.89) and moderate to high with Bcrp (r ≥ 0.77), that can be found also in pericytes and astrocytes. Therefore, Pecam‐1 was selected as a marker for the normalization of the quantification of the proteins of endothelial cells.

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Clk1‐regulated aerobic glycolysis is involved in glioma chemoresistance
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Huicui , Zhang Wenbin , Liang Zhongqin , Huang Qiang , Xu Guoqiang , Zhen Xuechu , Zheng Long Tai
Published: June 2017

Chemoresistance remains a major challenge for the treatment of glioma. In this study, we investigated the role of Clock 1 (Clk1), which encodes an enzyme that is necessary for ubiquinone biosynthesis in glioma chemoresistance in vitro. The results showed that Clk1 was highly expressed in GL261 mouse glioma cells which were most sensitive to 1,3Bis (2‐chloroethyl) 1 nitrosourea (BCNU) while was low expressed in BCNU resistant cells such as glioma cancer stem cells, T98G, U87MG and U251 glioma cells. Knockdown of Clk1 in GL261 glioma cells significantly reduced BCNU‐ or cisplatin‐induced cell apoptosis, whereas the proliferative activity and the expression of multidrug resistance‐related genes including MDR1, O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase, and GSTP1 were not changed. When Clk1 was re‐expressed in Clk1 knockdown GL261 glioma cells, the BCNU sensitivity was restored. The mechanistic study revealed that knockdown of Clk1 in GL261 glioma cells increased aerobic glycolysis including high glucose consumption, lactate production, and up‐regulation of glycolysis‐associated genes. Inhibition of glycolysis can reverse the chemoresistance elicited by Clk1 knockdown in GL261 cells. Moreover, knockdown of Clk1 induced HIF‐1α expression in GL261 glioma cells which was found to be mediated by AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Both metformin and rapamycin reversed the chemoresistance of Clk1 knockdown GL261 glioma cells. Over‐expression of Clk1 significantly increased the sensitivity of T98G or U251 human glioblastoma cells to BCNU which was accompanied by decreased lactate secretion, decreased expression of HIF‐1α, AMPK activation, and inhibition of mTOR pathway. Inhibition of glycolysis or activation of AMPK did not alter Clk1 expression in variant glioma cell lines suggesting that aerobic glycolysis is not an upstream event of Clk1 expression in glioma cells. Taken together, our results revealed, for the first time, that mitochondrial Clk1 regulated chemoresistance in glioma cells through AMPK/mTOR/HIF‐1α mediated glycolysis pathway.

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Drug‐coated balloon: Long‐term outcome from a real world three‐center experience
Authors: Zivelonghi Carlo , Ghione Matteo , Benfari Giovanni , Cuman Magdalena , Fede Alfredo , Lunardi Mattia , Cordone Stefano , Botta Marco , Pacchioni Andrea , Bellone Pietro , Reimers Bernhard , Ribichini Flavio L.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

In‐stent restenosis (ISR) and diffuse small vessel disease still represent challenging subsets for percutaneous coronary interventions, also in the new‐generation DES era. We aim at reporting on the long‐term clinical outcome of drug‐coated balloons (DCB) in all‐comers population.

Methods

Consecutive patients treated with DCB between January 2011 and December 2014 were retrospectively studied in three centers of northern Italy. The measured end‐points were cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as combination of cardiac death, MI, and TLR.

Results

We included 143 patients. Of the 167 lesions treated, 41 (24.5%) were de novo lesions in small coronary vessels (<2.5 mm) and 126 (75.4%) were ISR. Among ISR lesions, 78.5% were DES‐ISR, 32.5% were focal, 15.8% multifocal, 30.1% diffuse, 18.2% proliferative, and 3.1% were total occlusions. Procedural success was achieved in 94.6% of cases. Overall survival free from MACEs was 91.6% at 12 months, and 75.3% at 48 months, with a total of 3 cardiac deaths, 8 MI, and 27 TLR. No thrombotic event occurred in the treated segments. There were no differences in MACESs between the ISR and de novo lesions groups. At multivariate analysis, acute coronary syndromes, previous MI, previous surgical revascularization, peripheral arterial disease and diabetes were independent predictors of MACEs at long‐term follow‐up.

Conclusions

DCB proved a valid revascularization strategy in an all‐comers population of patients with ISR and de novo lesions in small vessels, with an acceptable rate of cardiac events up to 48 months follow‐up.
Tongue–palatal contact changes in patients with skeletal mandibular prognathism after sagittal split ramus osteotomy: an electropalatography study
Authors: Kojima S. , Kaku M. , Yamamoto I. , Yasuhara Y. , Sumi H. , Yamamoto T. , Yashima Y. , Izumino J. , Nakajima K. , Nagano Y. , Kono M. , Yoshimura A. , Ueasa M. , Tanimoto K.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in tongue–palatal contact patterns using electropalatography (EPG) before and after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) in patients with mandibular prognathism. Nine clients who underwent SSRO for mandibular setback and seven control subjects were participated in this study. Tongue–palatal contact patterns for /t/, /s/ and /k/ production were investigated using EPG before surgery and 3 months after surgery. The mean value of whole total of palate contact (WT) in the maximum contact frame was examined before and after SSRO. The correlation quantity between the change of center of gravity (COG) value and the amount of mandibular setback was also evaluated. The mean value of WT for /t/ and /s/ significantly increased after SSRO, and the EPG pattern became normal. However, a remarkable change in WT for /k/ was not observed, and the mean value was significantly larger in the SSRO group before and after surgery than in the control group. A negative correlation between COG variation and the amount of mandibular setback for /t/ and positive correlation for /s/ was observed. This study demonstrated that tongue–palatal contact patterns for /t/ and /s/ articulation improved clearly after SSRO. There was a significant correlation between COG variation and the amount of mandibular setback. However, no significant change was detected through perceptual assessment before and after SSRO. Further investigation is needed to determine whether these results will change over time.
Mother–Adolescent Dialogues and Adolescents' Behavior Problems in a Multicultural Sample: The Mediating Role of Representations
Authors: Sher‐Censor Efrat , Koren‐Karie Nina , Getzov Smadar , Rotman Pazit
Published: June 2017

This study examined whether the link between higher maternal sensitive guidance of emotional dialogues and fewer adolescent behavior problems is mediated by adolescents' more coherent representations of their mothers. The study also explored the consistency of this model across families from varied cultural backgrounds. Participants were 143 Jewish‐Israeli mother–adolescent dyads from three cultural groups: immigrants from the Former Soviet Union, immigrants from Western countries, and native‐born Israelis. Maternal sensitive guidance was observed during mother–adolescent dialogues about emotional experiences. Adolescents' representations were assessed via their narratives regarding their mother and their relationship. Examiners reported adolescents' behavior problems. Results indicated that across cultural groups adolescents' more coherent representations partially mediated the association between higher maternal sensitive guidance and fewer adolescent behavior problems.
LGBTQ Youth's Views on Gay‐Straight Alliances: Building Community, Providing Gateways, and Representing Safety and Support
Authors: Porta Carolyn M. , Singer Erin , Mehus Christopher J. , Gower Amy L. , Saewyc Elizabeth , Fredkove Windy , Eisenberg Marla E.
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

Gay‐Straight Alliances (GSAs) are school‐based clubs that can contribute to a healthy school climate for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth. While positive associations between health behaviors and GSAs have been documented, less is known about how youth perceive GSAs.

METHODS

A total of 58 LGBTQ youth (14‐19 years old) mentioned GSAs during go‐along interviews in 3 states/provinces in North America. These 446 comments about GSAs were thematically coded and organized using Atlas.ti software by a multidisciplinary research team.

RESULTS

A total of 3 themes describe youth‐perceived attributes of GSAs. First, youth identified GSAs as an opportunity to be members of a community, evidenced by their sense of emotional connection, support and belonging, opportunities for leadership, and fulfillment of needs. Second, GSAs served as a gateway to resources outside of the GSA, such as supportive adults and informal social locations. Third, GSAs represented safety.

CONCLUSIONS

GSAs positively influence the physical, social, emotional, and academic well‐being of LGBTQ young people and their allies. School administrators and staff are positioned to advocate for comprehensive GSAs. Study findings offer insights about the mechanisms by which GSAs benefit youth health and well‐being.
Implementation of a Computerized Tablet‐Survey in an Adolescent Large‐Scale, School‐Based Study
Authors: Delk Joanne , Harrell Melissa B. , Fakhouri Tala H.I. , Muir Katelyn A. , Perry Cheryl L.
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

Computerized surveys present many advantages over paper surveys. However, school‐based adolescent research questionnaires still mainly rely on paper‐and‐pencil surveys as access to computers in schools is often not practical. Tablet‐assisted self‐interviews (TASI) present a possible solution, but their use is largely untested. This paper presents a method for and our experiences with implementing a TASI in a school setting.

METHODS

A TASI was administered to 3907 middle and high school students from 79 schools. The survey assessed use of tobacco products and exposure to tobacco marketing. To assess in‐depth tobacco use behaviors, the TASI employed extensive skip patterns to reduce the number of not‐applicable questions that nontobacco users received. Pictures were added to help respondents identify the tobacco products they were being queried about.

RESULTS

Students were receptive to the tablets and required no instructions in their use. None were lost, stolen, or broken. Item nonresponse, unanswered questions, was a pre‐administration concern; however, 92% of participants answered 96% or more of the questions.

CONCLUSIONS

This method was feasible and successful among a diverse population of students and schools. It generated a unique dataset of in‐depth tobacco use behaviors that would not have been possible through a paper‐and‐pencil survey.
Implementing and Evaluating Environmental and Policy Interventions for Promoting Physical Activity in Rural Schools
Authors: Baker Elizabeth A. , Elliott Michael , Barnidge Ellen , Estlund Amy , Brownson Ross C. , Milne Anne , Kershaw Freda , Hashimoto Derek
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

Schools are an important setting for improving behaviors associated with obesity, including physical activity. However, within schools there is often a tension between spending time on activities promoting academic achievement and those promoting physical activity.

METHODS

A community‐based intervention provided administrators and teachers with a training on evidence‐based public health and then collaborated with them to identify and implement environmental (walking track) and local school policy interventions (brain breaks). The evaluation included conducting in‐depth interviews and SOPLAY observations to assess the facilitators and barriers and impact of the dissemination of environmental and policy changes.

RESULTS

Individual, organizational, intervention, and contextual factors influenced dissemination. Teachers reported that brain breaks increased student focus and engagement with classroom material and decreased student behavioral problems. Students decreased sedentary behavior and increased vigorous behavior. Of the 4 schools, 2 increased walking.

CONCLUSIONS

Active dissemination of environmental and policy interventions by engaging school administrators and teachers in planning and implementation shows potential for increasing physical activity in rural school settings.
Melatonin reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and corneal dystrophy‐associated TGFBIp through activation of endoplasmic reticulum‐associated protein degradation
Authors: Choi Seung‐il , Lee Eunhee , Akuzum Begum , Jeong Jang Bin , Maeng Yong‐Sun , Kim Tae‐im , Kim Eung Kweon
Published: June 2017

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is emerging as a factor for the pathogenesis of granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2). This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of melatonin on ER stress in GCD2. Our results showed that GCD2 corneal fibroblasts were more susceptible to ER stress‐induced death than were wild‐type cells. Melatonin significantly inhibited GCD2 corneal cell death, caspase‐3 activation, and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 cleavage caused by the ER stress inducer, tunicamycin. Under ER stress, melatonin significantly suppressed the induction of immunoglobulin heavy‐chain‐binding protein (BiP) and activation of inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and their downstream target, alternative splicing of X‐box binding protein 1(XBP1). Notably, the reduction in BiP and IRE1α by melatonin was suppressed by the ubiquitin‐proteasome inhibitor, MG132, but not by the autophagy inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, indicating involvement of the ER‐associated protein degradation (ERAD) system. Melatonin treatment reduced the levels of transforming growth factor‐β‐induced protein (TGFBIp) significantly, and this reduction was suppressed by MG132. We also found reduced mRNA expression of the ERAD system components HRD1 and SEL1L, and a reduced level of SEL1L protein in GCD2 cells. Interestingly, melatonin treatments enhanced SEL1L levels and suppressed the inhibition of SEL1L N‐glycosylation caused by tunicamycin. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which melatonin confers its protective actions during ER stress. The results also indicate that melatonin might have potential as a therapeutic agent for ER stress‐related diseases including GCD2.