bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Level of Awareness among Parents about Avertive Measures and its Relationship with Dental Health Status of 6–12 Years Old Children in Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
Authors: Singh Swati , Neyaz Nudrat , Singh Alok Vrat , Tanwar Aditi Singh , Beni Krishna
Published: March 2022

Background: A child's oral health is critical to his or her general health as well as well-being, and it is one of the foundations for a disease-free life. Because a parent or caregiver plays such a significant part in a child's life, their understanding together with attitude toward oral health will have a significant influence on the child's oral healthiness.

Aim: The goal of this research is to assess oral health expertise among parents of children within the age group of 6–12 years in Hazaribag and its link to their children's dental health.

Materials and procedures: The research comprised 200 parents of children aged 6–12 years old who had no systemic illness or pathology. The parents were given a detailed questionnaire with apparent validity that included questions on their perspectives about their children's dental health awareness, caries avertion, and the significance of food. SPSS 23 was used to do statistical analysis on the data.

Results: The findings indicated that children of parents with a poor understanding of oral health had higher decaying, missing, as well as filled teeth (DMFT/dmft) scores than children of parents with a good understanding of oral health.

Conclusion: It is critical for parents to be educated about oral health in order to maintain their children's oral health.
Estudo Prospectivo sobre a Cisteamina no Tratamento do Melasma
Authors: Shibayama Marília Dione Salvador , Maranhão Geraldo Neves de Albuquerque , Oliveira Werbeston Douglas de
Published: March 2022

O tratamento de melasma, desordem pigmentar caracterizada por manchas escuras na pele, é difícil e demorado, pois não há cura, apenas controle. Conforme os últimos estudos na área de dermatologia, a Cisteamina, é um ativo que age como corretor de pigmentos, reduzindo a melanina da pele, corrigindo o melasma e a hiperpigmentação da pele. A Cisteamina é um despigmentante, ou seja, é um clareador com efeito antioxidante. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de informações sobre patentes relacionadas ao uso da Cisteamina como um despigmentador da pele com melasma. Utilizou-se o Mapeamento patentário, o Levantamento bibliográfico e a Discussão da Literatura. Percebeu-se que há baixa produção de artigos publicados no Brasil, sendo autores estrangeiros os que mais publicam sobre o tema pesquisado. Assim como nas bases de dados internacionais, o resultado da busca trouxe as diversas formas de se utilizar a Cisteamina, não somente na dermatologia, mas para tratamento capilar, infecções causadas por fungos e vírus, diabetes, cistinose, entre outros. Porém, especificamente para tratar melasma, ainda não há registro no Brasil.
A Contabilidade na Era Digital: prospecção tecnológica para uma análise de tendências
Authors: De Lima Edilson Ponciano , De Matos Erivaldo Oliveira , Ferro Gomes Vinícius José , Lima Santos João Paulo , Santana da Silva Danielle Clara
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho prospectivo busca investigar de forma sistemática os desenvolvimentos tecnológicos de temas que são tendências no universo contábil e financeiro. As informações apresentadas através de busca patentária concentram-se em demonstrar a evolução de depósitos de famílias de patentes por ano de publicação, as famílias de patentes por país de proteção, os principais players do mercado a partir da relação dos principais depositantes e as áreas de domínio das tecnologias pesquisadas. A pesquisa foi realizada através de cruzamentos dos temas tecnológicos relacionados à contabilidade pelos termos “accounting” e “accountancy”, sendo realizada busca no sistema de inteligência Questel-Orbit®. A pesquisa obteve os seguintes resultados por áreas pesquisadas: Data Analytics, Blockchain, Internet of things, auditoria/tributação e, por fim, o uso de inteligências artificiais. Os resultados foram comparados, analisados e debatidos sob a perspectiva de seus impactos sobre a área contábil.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Aplicativo de Conciliação e Resolução de Litígios
Authors: Pantoja Emillyn Bárbara Assunção , Mascarenhas Adison
Published: March 2022

A conciliação é um meio alternativo de resolução de conflitos no qual as partes solucionam o litígio por meio de um acordo que atenda às suas vontades. Assim, na conciliação não há ganhadores e nem perdedores. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a prospecção tecnológica, análise do escopo e as características das patentes relacionadas a aplicativo de conciliação. Para isso foram utilizados os bancos de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Intelectual (INPI) e o Escritório Europeu de Patentes (ESPACENET). Os resultados obtidos indicam que a maioria dos depósitos de patentes relacionados a aplicativo de conciliação que facilita o acordo entre as partes foi feita em 2002 com cinco depósitos, e o país com maior número de depósitos foi o Estados Unidos. No Brasil verifica-se que a temática é pouco explorada.
Transferência de Tecnologia e Estratégia Tecnológica se Completam
Authors: Ulrich Janine , Figueiredo Josiel , Maciel Cristiano
Published: March 2022

Algumas etapas e procedimentos que venham a contribuir para a transmissão do conhecimento desenvolvido são necessárias para a transferência de tecnologia. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é buscar uma melhor compreensão dos conceitos de Transferência de Tecnologia e importância de uma Estratégia Tecnológica por meio dos mecanismos de apoio de inovação, buscando levantar na literatura seus pontos positivos, benefícios e dificuldades. É importante destacar que a Transferência de Tecnologia, aliada a uma Estratégia Tecnológica, a Inovação e as Políticas Públicas são elementos chave na competitividade das organizações, sendo também mecanismos para criar sinergias entre os atores de inovação: universidade, governo, setor produtivo e sociedade. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, apresentamos uma proposta dos conceitos e diversos mecanismos de apoio. Enfim, por meio de todo o estudo realizado concluímos que existe a necessidade de formular Estratégias Tecnológicas que impulsionem a interação entre universidade e empresa, para promover o desenvolvimento socioeconômico em benefício da sociedade.
Painterly, Misfit and Redundant: Challenging Precision and Optimisation with Scavenging
Authors: Tabbarah Faysal
Published: March 2022

Faysal Tabbarah is Associate Dean and Associate Professor of Architecture at the American University of Sharjah and co‐founder of design studio Architecture + Other Things (A+OT). Here he explores alternative forms through the painterly, the natural environment and the architectonic with the aim of developing new and original ways of constructing material that can be used for building.
‘Strange Networks’: Inhabiting the Boundary Condition A Conversation with Thom Mayne
Authors: Ago Viola
Published: March 2022

Guest‐Editor of this AD Viola Ago interviewed the Pritzker Prizewinning architect Thom Mayne, founding member of SCI‐Arc and co‐founder of internationally renowned architectural firm Morphosis, on the publication of his recent book Strange Networks. Also the collective name of his series of speculative drawings and reliefs created over a number of years, ‘Strange Networks’ is an attempt to reveal incidental architectural forms and topologies to expand his architectural language. Here he explains the motivation behind the book and its contents.
An Aesthetic of Collapse: Alternative Form, Disorder and Indeterminacy A Conversation with Jack Halberstam
Authors: Ago Viola
Published: March 2022

Guest‐Editor of this AD Viola Ago discusses societal norms and the aesthetic of collapse within architectural discourse, and the links between physical spaces and the social structures they support, with distinguished author and Columbia University Professor Jack Halberstam, who argues that existing social and architectural structures have inbuilt inequalities and that ‘collapse’ is a better paradigm than ‘repair’ in bringing about social, gender‐based, financial and material equity.
Multi‐Hierarchical Microstructures Boosted Linearity of Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Huang Jingxia , Tang Xiaobin , Wang Feng , Wang Zehuan , Niu Yujuan , Wang Hong
Published: March 2022

Besides the excellent sensitivity, linearity is also highly required for a miniaturization and low power consumption of the flexible sensor system. Herein, multi‐hierarchical microstructures to improve the linearity of capacitive pressure sensor based on poly(vinylidene fluoride)/reduced graphene oxide (PVDF/rGO) multilayer films is designed and constructed. The differentiated hierarchical microstructure in each layer comes from irregular protrusions with various roughness. Excellent sensor performances, such as higher sensitivity (0.18 kPa−1) in the linear range from 0.1 kPa to 11 kPa, lower limit of detection (100 Pa), rapid response time (56.3 ms) compared with some current reports, are obtained in the sensor based on three laminated films with the successive roughness (remarked as 150/400/800 Cw films). Moreover, the device exhibits outstanding stability over 3000 cycles at a pressure of 10 kPa, and successfully works on the falling leaf of 0.16 g and the weight of 100 g as well as high heel pressure. These outstanding properties are attributed to the compressibility of the hierarchical structure and efficient stress distribution between stacked multilayers, which is verified by using the finite‐element analysis (FEA). The work provides a simple and low‐cost route for fabricating high‐performance capacitive sensors with diverse potential applications in wearable electronics.
High Thermoelectric Performance of CaMg2Bi2 Enabled by Dynamic Doping and Orbital Alignment
Authors: Guo Muchun , Zhai Wenya , Li Jingyu , Zhu Jianbo , Guo Fengkai , Liu Zihang , Liu Ming , Zhu Yuke , Dong Xingyan , Zhang Yongsheng , Zhang Qian , Cai Wei , Sui Jiehe
Published: March 2022

Substantial progress in improving the thermoelectric performance of CaMg2Bi2‐based materials has been made, yet existing reports barely discuss the effect of intrinsic Bi impurity on the transport properties. In this study, the first‐principles calculation shows that the Bi‐rich environment associated with Bi impurities facilitates the reduction of cation vacancy formation energy and then increases the carrier concentration. In addition, in the samples containing Bi impurity, a dynamic doping behavior caused by the redissolving of Bi second phase into the matrix with increasing temperature is identified experimentally, which force the carrier concentration to approach the optimal carrier concentration nH,opt, leading to a more than a 5 times enhancement of the figure‐of‐merit (ZT) compared to the single‐phase CaMg2Bi1.94. Moreover, by doping Ba and Yb on the Ca Site, orbital alignment is realized and phonon scattering is also enhanced. The synergistical optimization of electrical and thermal transportation brings a peak ZT of 1.24 at 873 K and a record ZTave of 0.86 (300–873 K) in (Ca0.5Yb0.25Ba0.25)0.995Na0.005Mg2Bi1.98 sample.
Theory‐Guided Material Design Enabling High‐Performance Multifunctional Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics without Optical Modulations
Authors: Liu Wuyue , Sun Shaoming , Xu Shengjie , Zhang Hao , Zheng Yingqi , Wei Zhixiang , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: March 2022

Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) have drawn great attention for promising applications in building‐integrated photovoltaics, providing additional power generation for daily use. A previously proposed strategy, “complementary NIR absorption,” is widely applied for high‐performance ST‐OPVs. However, rational material design toward high performance has not been achieved. In this work, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) model describing this strategy is developed to explore the full potential of material design on ST‐OPV performance. Guided by the model, a novel nonfullerene acceptor (NFA), ATT‐9, is designed and synthesized, which possesses optimal bandgap for ST‐OPVs, achieving a record short‐circuit current density of 30 mA cm−2 and a power conversion efficiency of 13.40%, the highest value among devices based on NFAs with bandgaps lower than 1.2 eV. It is notworthy that, at such a low bandgap, the energy loss of the device is only 0.58 eV, which is attributed to the low energetic disorder confirmed by an ultralow Urbach energy of 21.6 meV. Benefiting from the optimal bandgap and low energy loss, the ATT‐9‐based ST‐OPV achieves a high light utilization efficiency of 3.33% without optical modulations, and meanwhile shows excellent thermal insulation, exceeding the commercial 3M heat‐insulating window film, demonstrating the outstanding application prospects of multifunctional ST‐OPVs.
Reduced‐Dimensional Engineering toward 2D R‐P (OAm)2CsPb2Br7 Perovskite by Metal Ion Enabled Ligands Confinement Effect
Authors: Gao Xupeng , Hu Qiang , Li Xin , Lu Po , Zhong Yuan , Shen Xinyu , Yu William W. , Lu Min , Wu Zhennan , Yu Siyao , Bai Xue , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2022

The dimension is a leading parameter in customization of unique optoelectronic properties of halide perovskite, while it is still challenging to achieve dimension control beyond the well‐developed composition regulation‐based strategy considering their intrinsic feature of ionic crystal. In this paper, ligands‐directed confinement effect is emphasized in rendering the reduced‐dimensional engineering of halide perovskite, and quasi‐2D (OAm)2CsPb2Br7 (n = 2) nanosheets are obtained by introducing a large amount of metal ions. As a representation, with Mg2+ participation, the initial adsorption of organic ligands (i.e., OA and OAm) to inorganic components (i.e., [PbBr6]4−) is promoted, conferring a ligands‐directed surface reconstruction to form the lamellar structure composed of alternate organic and inorganic layers. Namely, the inorganic–organic lamellar ensemble will play as a soft template, which effectively restricts the growth of [PbBr6]4− in the c‐axis direction even after the Cs‐OA injection, thus producing the anisotropic layered perovskite of (OAm)2CsPb2Br7 from CsPbBr3 scenario. Notably, such reduced‐dimensional engineering enables a remarkable luminescence tailoring, of which the deep blue emission centered at 439 nm is achieved. In addition, benefiting from such universal strategy, the luminescence is also dependent on the species of introduced metal ions (e.g., Ca2+, Co2+, Sr2+, and Mn2+).
Visible Light Activated Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Based on Triplet‐to‐Singlet Förster‐Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Zhao Yunhan , Ma Liangwei , Huang Zizhao , Zhang Junji , Willner Itamar , Ma Xiang , Tian He
Published: March 2022

Stimuli‐responsive room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have drawn widespread attention in information encryption, sensors, and bio‐imaging. In this work, a photoactivated organic RTP material through triplet‐to‐singlet Förster‐resonance energy transfer (TS‐FRET) inhibited by visible‐light stimulation is reported. A stable phosphorescence energy donor and a fluorescent dye sensitive to visible light as the energy acceptor are doped into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer matrix to construct an amorphous organic RTP system. Due to the photodegradation characteristic of the energy acceptor, the phosphorescence intensity of the energy donor increases visually upon irradiation with visible light. This study provides a novel strategy to design stimuli‐responsive organic RTP materials.
From Corn Husks to Scalable, Strong, Transparent Bio‐Plastic Using Direct Delignification‐Splicing Strategy
Authors: Zhang Kairui , Zhu Liangliang , Li Huayang , Zheng Mei , Zhang Jun , Zheng Yongjun , Zheng Rongbo
Published: March 2022

Biomass‐based plastics (BPs), produced from natural polymers using a bottom‐up strategy, have been used to alleviate the environmental pollution caused by petrochemical‐based plastics (PCPs). Such BPs, however, typically require complex manufacturing processes, resulting in higher costs and reduced eco‐friendly features. Herein, a delignification‐splicing‐based strategy without adhesives for directly converting corn (Zea mays L.) husks to corn husk‐based plastic (CHP) is described. During this process, lignin is removed from the corn husks and the pores collapse to form a dense structure. The CHP, which combines high mechanical strength (118 MPa) and a Young's modulus of  7.8 GPa with excellent light transmittance (86%), can be prepared in large sheets and can potentially replace non‐renewable, non‐biodegradable PCPs. Each hm2 of cornfield can generate 1.2 hm2 of CHP annually using the strategy. The process is simple, green, scalable, and as low cost as traditional PCPs since the only consumables are corn husks, NaClO, and water. Functional CHPs, such as fluorescent or hydrophobic CHPs, can be fabricated by impregnating delignified corn husk with carbon dots before pressing or by post‐pressing hydrophobilization, respectively. This work develops an alternative green and sustainable technology for eco‐friendly BPs, adds value to agricultural waste, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
Low‐Temperature‐Processed Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Reddy Sathy Harshavardhan , Di Giacomo Francesco , Di Carlo Aldo
Published: March 2022

The impending commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is plodding despite the booming power conversion efficiencies and high stabilities. Most high‐performance, stable PSCs are often processed partially with high‐temperature processes, increasing the cost of production and energy payback time. Low‐temperature‐processed PSCs are crucial as they cut down the expenses lowering the barriers to industrial use. In addition, low‐temperature‐processed methods have a wide range of applicability in flexible devices and for tandem applications with other photovoltaic technologies where the temperature budget is limited. Therefore, making stable PSCs under ambient conditions as well as providing low‐cost fabrication techniques is highly desirable. Here, a detailed review is presented on the development of the low‐temperature process strategies for fabricating highly stable PSCs and perovskite solar modules. The effectiveness of low‐temperature processing in various classes of materials is also discussed. First, the authors introduce some major degradation processes in PSCs. Then, the developments and evolving strategies of notable materials using low‐temperature processing routes and a correlation with stability are summarized. A few general trends which are related to stability are also discussed. Overall, this review contributes to a better understanding of the status of low‐temperature‐processed cells and modules.
Hypothesis: Central digit hypoplasia
Authors: Holmes Lewis B. , Nasri Hanah Z.
Published: March 2022

Limb deficiencies are a common birth defect. A malformations surveillance program among many newborns, stillborn fetuses, and malformed fetuses in elective terminations can identify a sufficient number of infants with the same set of abnormalities to characterize a specific limb deficiency phenotype. The active malformations surveillance program was carried out among 289,365 births at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston over a 41‐year period (1972–2012). The research assistants identified the affected infants and fetuses from reading the findings recorded in each newborn's medical record by the examining pediatricians and consultants and by the pathologists in autopsies. One hundred ninety‐four newborn infants and fetuses were found to have a limb deficiency either as an isolated abnormality or as one of multiple malformations. We identified three phenotypes of limb deficiency. We present here the seventeen infants and fetuses with “central digit hypoplasia,” a term we suggest for this phenotype: hypoplasia of the thumb and fifth finger with nubbins of soft tissue in place of fingers 2, 3, and 4 at the level of the metacarpal–phalangeal joint. Central digit hypoplasia is to be distinguished primarily from the terminal transverse limb defect that ends at the wrist. In symbrachydactyly, the middle and distal phalanges of the fingers and toes are hypoplastic. In addition, central digit hypoplasia should be distinguished from the amniotic band syndrome, the most common and incorrect diagnosis suggested by the pediatricians and the consultants in this survey. The affected infant and her/his parents benefit from more accurate and specific counseling.
Drinking frequency in wild lactating chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) and their offspring
Authors: Nelson Rachel S. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Terio Karen A. , Wellens Kaitlin R. , Lee Sean M. , Murray Carson M.
Published: March 2022

Maintaining water balance is essential for organismal health, and lactating females must balance individual needs with milk production and offspring hydration. Primate milk is dilute and presumed to be the primary source for infant hydration for a considerable time period. Few studies have investigated the hydration burden that lactation may place on female primates. In this study, we investigated sources of variation in female and offspring drinking frequency among wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We hypothesized females would experience seasonal and lactation hydration burdens and adjust their drinking behavior to accommodate these, but this hydration burden would vary between females of different dominance ranks. We also predicted that parity would relate to maternal drinking frequency since primiparous females are still investing in their own growth. Finally, we predicted that offspring would drink more in the dry season and as they aged and lost milk as a water source, but that offspring of high‐ranking females would be buffered from these effects. Using 41 years of long‐term data on the behavior of mothers and offspring of Gombe National Park, we found that mothers drank more in the dry season, but there was no significant difference between mothers of different ranks during this period. Low‐ranking females drank significantly more than mid‐ and high‐ranking females during late lactation. Offspring also drank more in the dry season and as they aged, but there was no evidence of buffering for those with high‐ranking mothers. While chimpanzees in our study population drank infrequently, they do demonstrate noticeable shifts in drinking behavior that suggests seasonal and reproductive hydration burdens.
Transfers of disadvantage across three generations using latent class associations within families
Authors: Adams Emma K. , Hancock Kirsten J. , Mitrou Francis , Christensen Daniel , Taylor Catherine L. , Zubrick Stephen R.
Published: March 2022

There is a large volume of research on the persistence of advantage and disadvantage across generations. Intergenerational studies typically address family resources as independent factors, which ignores how risks cluster together and accumulate over time. Using data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, we conducted two latent class analyses to separately identify latent classes based on grandparent and parent characteristics for study children. We then examined the association between our identified latent classes and grandchild educational outcomes in Years 3 to 9. Five distinct latent classes of grandparent characteristics and four latent classes of parent characteristics were identified. There was association between parent and grandparent latent classes indicating intergenerational multiple disadvantage. Grandchildren in at‐risk parent latent classes tended to have significantly lower literacy and numeracy scores from Years 3 to 9. The effects of grandparent latent classes were inconsistent. The developmental circumstances of children can be defined using the characteristics of both parents and grandparents, and the role of grandparents on children's development extends beyond the influence they have on parent outcomes. This study highlights that addressing intergenerational transfers of disadvantage requires multiple, integrated and coordinated policy approaches that go beyond individual indicators of disadvantage.
Association of plasma biomarkers, p‐tau181, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurofilament light, with intermediate and long‐term clinical Alzheimer's disease risk: Results from a prospective cohort followed over 17 years
Authors: Stocker Hannah , Beyer Léon , Perna Laura , Rujescu Dan , Holleczek Bernd , Beyreuther Konrad , Stockmann Julia , Schöttker Ben , Gerwert Klaus , Brenner Hermann
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the future of AD risk assessment. The aim of this study was to determine the association between plasma‐measured phosphorylated tau (p‐tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) levels and risk of clinical AD incidence with consideration to the impact of cardiovascular health.

Methods

Within a community‐based cohort, biomarker levels were measured at baseline using single molecule array technology in 768 participants (aged 50–75) followed over 17 years. Associations among biomarkers and AD, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia incidence were assessed.

Results

GFAP was associated with clinical AD incidence even more than a decade before diagnosis (9–17 years), while p‐tau181 and NfL were associated with more intermediate AD risk (within 9 years). Significant interaction was detected between cardiovascular health and p‐tau181/NfL.

Discussion

GFAP may be an early AD biomarker increasing before p‐tau181 and NfL and the effect modifying role of cardiovascular health should be considered in biomarker risk stratification.
New developments of biofluid‐based biomarkers for routine diagnosis and disease trajectories in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: del Campo Marta , Zetterberg Henrik , Gandy Sam , Onyike Chiadi U , Oliveira Fabricio , Udeh‐Momoh Chi , Lleó Alberto , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Pijnenburg Yolande
Published: March 2022

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) covers a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders with different phenotypes, genetic backgrounds, and pathological states. Its clinicopathological diversity challenges the diagnostic process and the execution of clinical trials, calling for specific diagnostic biomarkers of pathologic FTD types. There is also a need for biomarkers that facilitate disease staging, quantification of severity, monitoring in clinics and observational studies, and for evaluation of target engagement and treatment response in clinical trials. This review discusses current FTD biofluid‐based biomarker knowledge taking into account the differing applications. The limitations, knowledge gaps, and challenges for the development and implementation of such markers are also examined. Strategies to overcome these hurdles are proposed, including the technologies available, patient cohorts, and collaborative research initiatives. Access to robust and reliable biomarkers that define the exact underlying pathophysiological FTD process will meet the needs for specific diagnosis, disease quantitation, clinical monitoring, and treatment development.
Neurological Events Reported after COVID‐19 Vaccines: An Analysis of Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Frontera Jennifer A. , Tamborska Arina A. , Doheim Mohamed F. , Garcia‐Azorin David , Gezegen Hasim , Guekht Alla , Yusof Khan Abdul Hanif Khan , Santacatterina Michele , Sejvar James , Thakur Kiran T. , Westenberg Erica , Winkler Andrea S. , Beghi Ettore ,   contributors from the Global COVID‐19 Neuro Research Coalition
Published: March 2022

Objective

To identify the rates of neurological events following administration of mRNA (Pfizer, Moderna) or adenovirus vector (Janssen) vaccines in the U.S.

Methods

We used publicly available data from the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) collected between January 1, 2021 and June 14, 2021. All free text symptoms that were reported within 42 days of vaccine administration were manually reviewed and grouped into 36 individual neurological diagnostic categories. Post‐vaccination neurological event rates were compared between vaccine types and to age‐matched baseline incidence rates in the U.S. and rates of neurological events following COVID.

Results

Of 306,907,697 COVID vaccine doses administered during the study timeframe, 314,610 (0.1%) people reported any adverse event and 105,214 (0.03%) reported neurological adverse events in a median of 1 day (IQR0‐3) from inoculation. Guillain‐Barre Syndrome (GBS), and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) occurred in fewer than 1 per 1,000,000 doses. Significantly more neurological adverse events were reported following Janssen (Ad26.COV2.S) vaccination compared to either Pfizer‐BioNtech (BNT162b2) or Moderna (mRNA‐1,273; 0.15% vs 0.03% vs 0.03% of doses, respectively, p < 0.0001). The observed‐to‐expected ratios for GBS, CVT and seizure following Janssen vaccination were ≥1.5‐fold higher than background rates. However, the rate of neurological events after acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was up to 617‐fold higher than after COVID vaccination.

Interpretation

Reports of serious neurological events following COVID vaccination are rare. GBS, CVT and seizure may occur at higher than background rates following Janssen vaccination. Despite this, rates of neurological complications following acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are up to 617‐fold higher than after COVID vaccination. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:756–771
Ultrasound‐Responsive Aqueous Two‐Phase Microcapsules for On‐Demand Drug Release
Authors: Field Rachel D. , Jakus Margaret A. , Chen Xiaoyu , Human Kelia , Zhao Xuanhe , Chitnis Parag V. , Sia Samuel K.
Published: March 2022

Traditional implanted drug delivery systems cannot easily change their release profile in real time to respond to physiological changes. Here we present a microfluidic aqueous two‐phase system to generate microcapsules that can release drugs on demand as triggered by focused ultrasound (FUS). The biphasic microcapsules are made of hydrogels with an outer phase of mixed molecular weight (MW) poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate that mitigates premature payload release and an inner phase of high MW dextran with payload that breaks down in response to FUS. Compound release from microcapsules could be triggered as desired; 0.4 μg of payload was released across 16 on‐demand steps over days. We detected broadband acoustic signals amidst low heating, suggesting inertial cavitation as a key mechanism for payload release. Overall, FUS‐responsive microcapsules are a biocompatible and wirelessly triggerable structure for on‐demand drug delivery over days to weeks.
Insights into Dynamic Surface Bromide Sites in Bi4O5Br2 for Sustainable N2 Photofixation
Authors: Dong Xing'an , Cui Zhihao , Shi Xian , Yan Ping , Wang Zhiming , Co Anne C. , Dong Fan
Published: March 2022

Simulating photosynthesis has long been one of the ideas for realizing the conversion of solar energy into industrial chemicals. Heterogeneous N2 photofixation in water is a promising way for sustainable production of ammonia. However, a mechanistic understanding of the complex aqueous photocatalytic N2 reduction is still lacking. In this study, a light‐dependent surface hydrogenation mechanism and light‐independent protection of catalyst surface for N2 reduction are revealed on ultrathin Bi4O5Br2 (BOB) nanosheets, in which the creation and annihilation of surface bromine vacancies can be controlled via a surface bromine cycle. Our rapid scan in situ FT‐IR spectra verify that photocatalytic N2 reduction proceeds through an associative alternating mechanism on BOB surface with bromine vacancies (BrV‐BOB). This work provides a new strategy to combine light‐dependent facilitated reaction with light‐independent regeneration of catalyst for advancing sustainable ammonia production.
Self‐Regulating Colloidal Co‐Assemblies That Accelerate Their Own Destruction via Chemo‐Structural Feedback
Authors: Sharma Charu , Walther Andreas
Published: March 2022

Biological self‐assemblies self‐ and cross‐regulate each other via chemical reaction networks (CRNs) and feedback. Although artificial transient self‐assemblies have been realized via activation/deactivation CRNs, the transient structures themselves do mostly not engage in the CRN. We introduce a rational design approach for chemo‐structural feedback, and present a transient colloidal co‐assembly system, where the formed co‐assemblies accelerate their destruction autonomously. We achieve this by immobilizing enzymes of a deactivating acid‐producing enzymatic cascade on pH‐switchable microgels that can form co‐assemblies at high pH. Since the enzyme partners are immobilized on individual microgels, the co‐assembled state brings them close enough for enhanced acid generation. The amplified deactivator production (acid) leads to an almost two‐fold reduction in the lifetime of the transiently formed pH‐state. Our study thus introduces versatile mechanisms for chemo‐structural feedback.
Metal‐Insulator‐Semiconductor Anodes for Ultrastable and Site‐Selective Upconversion Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Zhao Yiran , Descamps Julie , Ababou‐Girard Soraya , Bergamini Jean‐François , Santinacci Lionel , Léger Yoan , Sojic Neso , Loget Gabriel
Published: March 2022

Photoinduced electrochemiluminescence (PECL) allows the electrochemically assisted conversion of low‐energy photons into high‐energy photons at an electrode surface. This concept is expected to have important implications, however, it is dramatically limited by the stability of the surface, impeding future developments. Here, a series of metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) junctions, using photoactive n‐type Si (n‐Si) as a light absorber covered by a few‐nanometer‐thick protective SiOx/metal (SiOx/M, with M=Ru, Pt, and Ir) overlayers are investigated for upconversion PECL of the model co‐reactant system involving the simultaneous oxidation of tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) and tri‐n‐propylamine. We show that n‐Si/SiOx/Pt and n‐Si/SiOx/Ir exhibit high photovoltages and record stabilities in operation (35 h for n‐Si/SiOx/Ir) for the generation of intense PECL with an anti‐Stokes shift of 218 nm. We also demonstrate that these surfaces can be employed for spatially localized PECL. These unprecedented performances are extremely promising for future applications of PECL.
A Heterogeneous Palladium Catalyst for the Polymerization of Olefins Prepared by Halide Abstraction Using Surface R3Si+ Species
Authors: Gao Jiaxin , Dorn Rick W. , Laurent Guillaume P. , Perras Frédéric A. , Rossini Aaron J. , Conley Matthew P.
Published: March 2022

The silylium‐like surface species [iPr3Si][(RFO)3Al−OSi≡)] activates (N^N)Pd(CH3)Cl (N^N=Ar−N=CMeMeC=N−Ar, Ar=2,6‐bis(diphenylmethyl)‐4‐methylbenzene) by chloride ion abstraction to form [(N^N)Pd−CH3][(RFO)3Al−OSi≡)] (1). A combination of FTIR, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, and reactions with CO or vinyl chloride establish that 1 shows similar reactivity patterns as (N^N)Pd(CH3)Cl activated with Na[B(ArF)4]. Multinuclear 13C{27Al} RESPDOR and 1H{19F} S‐REDOR experiments are consistent with a weakly coordinated ion‐pair between (N^N)Pd−CH3+ and [(RFO)3Al−OSi≡)]. 1 catalyzes the polymerization of ethylene with similar activities as [(N^N)Pd−CH3]+ in solution and incorporates up to 0.4 % methyl acrylate in copolymerization reactions. 1 produces polymers with significantly higher molecular weight than the solution catalyst, and generates the highest molecular weight polymers currently reported in copolymerization reactions of ethylene and methylacrylate.
A Rational Biphasic Tailoring Strategy Enabling High‐Performance Layered Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cheng Zhiwei , Fan Xin‐Yu , Yu Lianzheng , Hua Weibo , Guo Yu‐Jie , Feng Yi‐Hu , Ji Fang‐Di , Liu Mengting , Yin Ya‐Xia , Han Xiaogang , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wang Peng‐Fei
Published: March 2022

Layered oxide cathodes usually exhibit high compositional diversity, thus providing controllable electrochemical performance for Na‐ion batteries. These abundant components lead to complicated structural chemistry, closely affecting the stacking preference, phase transition and Na+ kinetics. With this perspective, we explore the thermodynamically stable phase diagram of various P2/O3 composites based on a rational biphasic tailoring strategy. Then a specific P2/O3 composite is investigated and compared with its monophasic counterparts. A highly reversible structural evolution of P2/O3–P2/O3/P3–P2/P3–P2/Z/O3′–Z/O3′ based on the Ni2+/Ni3.5+, Fe3+/Fe4+ and Mn3.8+/Mn4+ redox couples upon sequential Na extraction/insertion is revealed. The reduced structural strain at the phase boundary alleviates the phase transition and decreases the lattice mismatch during cycling, endowing the biphasic electrode a large reversible capacity of 144 mAh g−1 with the energy density approaching 514 Wh kg−1.
Superhydrophilic 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Broadband Absorbers for Efficient Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Yan Xiaoli , Lyu Shanzhi , Xu Xiao‐Qi , Chen Weiben , Shang Pengna , Yang Zongfan , Zhang Guang , Chen Weihua , Wang Yapei , Chen Long
Published: March 2022

The intrinsic hydrophobicity and limited light absorption especially in the near‐infrared (NIR) region of porous organic polymers are two bottlenecks impeding their applications in solar steam generation (SSG). Herein, we develop a 1,4,5,8‐tetrakis(phenylamino)anthracene‐9,10‐dione (TPAD)‐based covalent organic framework (COF) (TPAD‐COF) featuring both superhydrophilicity and broad light absorption covering from the entire UV/Vis to NIR regions for SSG. TPAD‐COF serving as a highly efficient photothermal conversion material without any additives displays an excellent water evaporation of 1.42 kg m−2 h−1and achieves a high energy conversion efficiency of 94 % under 1 sun irradiation. Further extension of the light absorption range of the TPAD‐based COF is realized through post‐synthetic modification by chelating BF2moieties. Systematic control experiments and analysis confirm that the hydrophilicity of photothermal conversion materials plays a more dominant role in the current TPAD‐based COFs for SSG.
Pillararene‐Induced Intramolecular Through‐Space Charge Transfer and Single‐Molecule White‐Light Emission
Authors: Li Qi , Wu Yitao , Cao Jiajun , Liu Yang , Wang Zeju , Zhu Huangtianzhi , Zhang Haoke , Huang Feihe
Published: March 2022

The fabrication of single‐molecule white‐light emission (SMWLE) materials has become a highly studied topic in recent years and through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) is emerging as an important concept in this field. However, the preparation of ideal TSCT‐based SMWLE materials is still a big challenge. Herein, we report a bifunctional pillar[5]arene (TPCN‐P5‐TPA) with a linear donor‐spacer‐acceptor structure and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property. The bulky pillar[5]arene between the donor and acceptor induces a twisted conformation and a non‐conjugated structure, resulting in intramolecular TSCT. In addition, the AIE feature and pillar[5]arene cavity endowTPCN‐P5‐TPAwith responsiveness to viscosity and polar guests, by which the TSCT emission is triggered. The combination of blue locally‐excited state emission and yellow TSCT emission ofTPCN‐P5‐TPAgenerates SMWLE. Therefore, we provide a new and versatile strategy for the construction of TSCT‐based SMWLE materials.
An effortless approach to synthesize two structurally diverse nano copper(II) materials and assessment of their apoptosis‐inducing ability on lung cancer cell line
Authors: Biswas Sneha , Karim Suhana , Zangrando Ennio , Chandra Arpita
Published: March 2022

Two architecturally dissimilar coordination complexes, namely, C1 = [CuL1(NO2)]2 and C2 = [CuL2(NO3)] (L1 = (4‐bromo‐2‐[(2‐isobutylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenolate and L2 = (4‐bromo‐2‐[(2‐propylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenolate) have been synthesized from two different organic ligand backbones. The synthesized complexes have been identified using some common techniques like elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The X‐ray structural analysis revealed that C1 is a dinuclear complex realized through one bridging nitrite anion, whereas for C2, nitrate anions bridge the complexes to accomplish a 1D coordination polymer. C1 and C2 when slashed down by rapid and green mechanical method by using a simple hand grinding technique, mortar and pestle, resulted in NC1 and NC2 nanoparticles, whose average size was characterized by PXRD, SEM, and DLS.

As far as we know, this is the first report where the nano‐formulation has been used while maintaining the structural integrity of the Schiff base complex. The proliferative properties of these complexes have been assessed in vitro using human lung carcinoma cell line A549. Being a polymer, the number of metal centers in NC2 is much higher; accordingly, this complex is more vital in terms of biological activity in comparison with NC1.
2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Recommendations for Nonpharmacologic Therapies, Medication Monitoring, Immunizations, and Imaging
Authors: Onel Karen B. , Horton Daniel B. , Lovell Daniel J. , Shenoi Susan , Cuello Carlos A. , Angeles‐Han Sheila T. , Becker Mara L. , Cron Randy Q. , Feldman Brian M. , Ferguson Polly J. , Gewanter Harry , Guzman Jaime , Kimura Yukiko , Lee Tzielan , Murphy Katherine , Nigrovic Peter A. , Ombrello Michael J. , Rabinovich C. Egla , Tesher Melissa , Twilt Marinka , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa , Barbar‐Smiley Fatima , Cooper Ashley M. , Edelheit Barbara , Gillispie‐Taylor Miriah , Hays Kimberly , Mannion Melissa L. , Peterson Rosemary , Flanagan Elaine , Saad Nadine , Sullivan Nancy , Szymanski Ann Marie , Trachtman Rebecca , Turgunbaev Marat , Veiga Keila , Turner Amy S. , Reston James T.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To provide recommendations for the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with a focus on nonpharmacologic therapies, medication monitoring, immunizations, and imaging, irrespective of JIA phenotype.

Methods

We developed clinically relevant Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes questions. After conducting a systematic literature review, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to rate the quality of evidence (high, moderate, low, or very low). A Voting Panel including clinicians and patients/caregivers achieved consensus on the direction (for or against) and strength (strong or conditional) of recommendations.

Results

Recommendations in this guideline include the use of physical therapy and occupational therapy interventions; a healthy, well‐balanced, age‐appropriate diet; specific laboratory monitoring for medications; widespread use of immunizations; and shared decision‐making with patients/caregivers. Disease management for all patients with JIA is addressed with respect to nonpharmacologic therapies, medication monitoring, immunizations, and imaging. Evidence for all recommendations was graded as low or very low in quality. For that reason, more than half of the recommendations are conditional.

Conclusion

This clinical practice guideline complements the 2019 American College of Rheumatology JIA and uveitis guidelines, which addressed polyarthritis, sacroiliitis, enthesitis, and uveitis, and a concurrent 2021 guideline on oligoarthritis, temporomandibular arthritis, and systemic JIA. It serves as a tool to support clinicians, patients, and caregivers in decision‐making. The recommendations take into consideration the severity of both articular and nonarticular manifestations as well as patient quality of life. Although evidence is generally low quality and many recommendations are conditional, the inclusion of caregivers and patients in the decision‐making process strengthens the relevance and applicability of the guideline. It is important to remember that these are recommendations. Clinical decisions, as always, should be made by the treating clinician and patient/caregiver.
Molecular Fluorescent Probes for Liver Tumor Imaging
Authors: Liu Qian , Huang Jia , He Longwei , Yang Xuefeng , Yuan Lin , Cheng Dan
Published: March 2022

Liver cancer is a malignant tumor with both high morbidity and mortality. The traditional treatment method is mainly based on hepatectomy for liver tumor. However, it is difficult to accurately distinguish the tumor tissue and its boundary with the naked eye and palpation, leading to an ambiguous resection result, finally causing high recurrence of liver cancer. Molecular fluorescent probes possessing numerous advantages, such as non‐invasiveness, high sensitivity, and real‐time imaging, have been extensively studied in liver cancer imaging and therapy. In this review, we briefly introduce the recent developments of always‐on and activatable fluorescent probes in liver cancer imaging and therapy. Future potential challenges of the fluorescent probes for liver tumor imaging are also discussed. We expect that this review would improve the fluorescent probes development for real clinical application of liver cancer disease.
Generation of reproductive transgenic pigs of a CRISPR‐Cas9‐based oncogene‐inducible system by somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Eun Kiyoung , Hwang Seon‐Ung , Kim Mirae , Yoon Junchul David , Kim Eunhye , Choi Hyerin , Kim Gahye , Jeon Hee‐Young , Kim Jun‐Kyum , Kim Jung Yun , Hong Nayoung , Park Min‐Gi , Jang Junseok , Jeong Hyeon Ju , Kim Sung Jin , Ko Bong‐Woo , Lee Sang Chul , Kim Hyunggee , Hyun Sang‐Hwan
Published: March 2022

Alternative cancer models that are close to humans are required to create more valuable preclinical results during oncology studies. Here, a new onco‐pig model via developing a CRISPR‐Cas9‐based Conditional Polycistronic gene expression Cassette (CRI‐CPC) system to control the tumor inducing simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LT) and oncogenic HRASG12V. After conducting somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), transgenic embryos were transplanted into surrogate mothers and five male piglets were born. Umbilical cord analysis confirmed that all piglets were transgenic. Two of them survived and they expressed a detectable green fluorescence. The test was made whether CRI‐CPC models were naturally fertile and whether the CRI‐CPC system was stably transferred to the offspring. By mating with a normal female pig, four offspring piglets were successfully produced. Among them, only three male piglets were transgenic. Finally, their applicability was tested as cancer models after transduction of Cas9 into fibroblasts from each CRI‐CPC pig in vitro, resulting in cell acquisition of cancerous characteristics via the induction of oncogene expression. These results showed that our new CRISPR‐Cas9‐based onco‐pig model was successfully developed.