bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spondias mombin L. attenuates ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory modulation
Authors: Pereira Bruna Letícia Buzati , Rodrigue Alexane , Arruda Fernanda Caroline de Oliveira , Bachiega Tatiana Fernanda , Lourenço Maria Angélica Martins , Correa Camila Renata , Azevedo Paula Schmidt , Polegato Bertha Furlan , Okoshi Katashi , Fernandes Ana Angélica Henrique , de Paiva Sergio Alberto Rupp , Zornoff Leonardo Antonio Mamede , Power Krista Anne , Minicucci Marcos Ferreira
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate Spondias mombin L. (SM) pulp and its influence on cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI). Male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: a sham group (animals underwent simulated surgery) that received standard chow (S; n = 20), an infarcted group that received standard chow (MI; n = 24), an infarcted group supplemented with 100 mg of SM/kg bodyweight/d, (MIS100; n = 23) and an infarcted group supplemented with 250 mg of SM/kg bodyweight/d (MIS250; n = 22). After 3 months of treatment, morphological, functional and biochemical analyses were performed. MI induced structural and functional changes in the left ventricle with worsening systolic and diastolic function, and SM supplementation at different doses did not influence these variables as analysed by echocardiography and an isolated heart study (P > .05). However, SM supplementation attenuated cardiac remodelling after MI, reducing fibrosis (P = .047) and hypertrophy (P = .006). Biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammatory processes and energy metabolism were further investigated in the myocardial tissue. SM supplementation improved the efficiency of energy metabolism and decreased lipid hydroperoxide in the myocardium [group S (n = 8): 267.26 ± 20.7; group MI (n = 8): 330.14 ± 47.3; group MIS100 (n = 8): 313.8 ± 46.2; group MIS250: 294.3 ± 38.0 nmol/mg tissue; P = .032], as well as decreased the activation of the inflammatory pathway after MI. In conclusion, SM supplementation attenuated cardiac remodelling processes after MI. We also found that energy metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with this effect. In addition, SM supplementation at the highest dose is more effective.
Resolvin D1 and D2 inhibit tumour growth and inflammation via modulating macrophage polarization
Authors: Shan Kai , Feng Ninghan , Cui Jing , Wang Shunhe , Qu Hongyan , Fu Guoling , Li Jiaqi , Chen Heyan , Wang Xiaoying , Wang Rong , Qi Yumin , Gu Zhennan , Chen Yong Q.
Published: May 2020

Plastic polarization of macrophage is involved in tumorigenesis. M1‐polarized macrophage mediates rapid inflammation, entity clearance and may also cause inflammation‐induced mutagenesis. M2‐polarized macrophage inhibits rapid inflammation but can promote tumour aggravation. ω‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐derived metabolites show a strong anti‐inflammatory effect because they can skew macrophage polarization from M1 to M2. However, their role in tumour promotive M2 macrophage is still unknown. Resolvin D1 and D2 (RvD1 and RvD2) are docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐derived docosanoids converted by 15‐lipoxygenase then 5‐lipoxygenase successively. We found that although dietary DHA can inhibit prostate cancer in vivo, neither DHA (10 μmol/L) nor RvD (100 nmol/L) can directly inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro. Unexpectedly, in a cancer cell‐macrophage co‐culture system, both DHA and RvD significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation. RvD1 and RvD2 inhibited tumour‐associated macrophage (TAM or M2d) polarization. Meanwhile, RvD1 and RvD2 also exhibited anti‐inflammatory effects by inhibiting LPS‐interferon (IFN)‐γ‐induced M1 polarization as well as promoting interleukin‐4 (IL‐4)‐mediated M2a polarization. These differential polarization processes were mediated, at least in part, by protein kinase A. These results suggest that regulation of macrophage polarization using RvDs may be a potential therapeutic approach in the management of prostate cancer.
Raising European Citizens? European Identity in European Schools
Authors: Rohde‐Liebenau Judith
Published: May 2020

Citizens' identification with Europe could consolidate European integration. European Schools, created for children of EU officials, should mirror the EU's vision of citizens of member states united in (national) diversity. Instead, this study reveals that European School students construct an explicitly European in‐group and deviate from EU visions by differentiating themselves from a more national and less mobile lifestyle. The article draws on qualitative content analysis of in‐depth and focus group interviews with teachers and 101 students in European Schools in Germany, Luxembourg and England. This elucidates the relationship between European schooling and this peculiar but ultimately European identity. In a dual mechanism, by ‘doing Europe’, students actively nourish a transnational social network in school; by ‘telling Europe’, students are more passively exposed to European and diverse national narratives. Both the analysis of how their European identity emerges and descriptive underpinnings show the complexity of European identity construction even under most favourable conditions.
The epidermis‐specific cyclin CYCP3;1 is involved in the excess brassinosteroid signaling‐inhibited root meristem cell division
Authors: Chen Yuxiao , Sun Shiyong , Wang Xuelu
Published: May 2020

Cell division is precisely regulated and highly tissue‐specific; studies have suggested that diverse signals in the epidermis, especially the epidermal brassinosteroids (BRs), can regulate root growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that integrate hormonal cues such as BR signaling with other endogenous, tissue‐specific developmental programs to regulate epidermal cell proliferation remain unclear. In this study, we used molecular and biochemical approaches, microscopic imaging and genetic analysis to investigate the function and mechanisms of a P‐type cyclin in root growth regulation. We found that CYCP3;1, specifically expressed in the root meristem epidermis and lateral root cap, can regulate meristem cell division. Mitotic analyses and biochemical studies demonstrated that CYCP3;1 promotes cell division at the G2‐M duration by associating and activating cyclin‐dependent kinase B2‐1 (CDKB2;1). Furthermore, we found that CYCP3;1 expression was inhibited by BR signaling through BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), a positive downstream transcription factor in the BR signaling pathway. These findings not only provide a mechanism of how root epidermal‐specific regulators modulate root growth, but also reveal why the excess of BRs or enhanced BR signaling inhibits cell division in the meristem to negatively regulate root growth.
Adjunctive Intermittent Pneumatic Compression in Hospitalized Patients Receiving Pharmacologic Prophylaxis for Venous Thromboprophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Fan Chaofeng , Jia Lu , Fang Fang , Zhang Yu , Faramand Andrew , Chong Weelic , Hai Yang
Published: May 2020

Objectives

This study assessed the effect of adjunctive intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on venous thromboembolism incidence in hospitalized patients receiving pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis.

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register with no language restrictions from inception until May 15, 2019, for randomized clinical trials comparing adjunctive IPC in pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis and pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. Two researchers extracted data from published reports independently. A meta‐analysis was conducted to calculate the risk ratio (RR) using random‐effects models. Primary outcomes were deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Results

Eight trials with a total of 7,354 participants were eligible for analysis. Addition of IPC to pharmacologic prophylaxis compared to pharmacologic prophylaxis alone reduced the risk of DVT by 43% (RR 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.93; I2 = 0%), with benefit only seen in surgical patients (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.15–0.59; I2 = 0%) and not in medical patients (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.60–1.07; I2 = 0%; p for interaction = .008). Addition of IPC reduced the risk for PE by 54% (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.72; I2 = 0%), with benefit only seen in surgical patients (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.24–0.65; I2 = 0%) and not in medical patients (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.32–2.26; I2 = 0%; p for interaction = .18)

Conclusions

Addition of IPC to pharmacologic prophylaxis confers moderate benefit on venous thromboembolism, with benefit confined to surgical patients. For medical patients, there was a trend toward reduced DVT with adjunctive IPC, which warrants further investigation.

Clinical Relevance

Venous thromboembolism is not unusual among hospitalized patients despite pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. Nursing personnel should use adjunctive IPC in surgical patients receiving pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis to prevent venous thromboembolism.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children: What is new?
Authors: Nightingale Scott , Sharma Ajay
Published: May 2020

Abdominal pain‐predominant functional gastrointestinal disorders encompass a group of chronic conditions featuring abdominal pain where no serious gastrointestinal or intra‐abdominal pathology is present. The Rome IV classification system defines and categorises this group based on symptomatology as: functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain – not otherwise specified and abdominal migraine. These conditions can impact the functioning of the child and family significantly and are challenging to manage. Although the causes of these conditions are not clear, recent years have seen an improved understanding of underlying pathophysiology and identification of effective management options for these conditions.
Communication about spinal muscular atrophy and genetic risk within families: An Australian pilot study
Authors: Pieper Ellen , Sexton Adrienne , Ryan Monique M , Forbes Robin
Published: May 2020

Aim

In families with a child diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), siblings who do not have SMA could still be genetic carriers of the condition. This study is the first to explore how siblings of patients with SMA learn about the condition and their genetic risk.

Method

In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with several parents and unaffected siblings of people with SMA types II and III in Australia. Thematic analysis was performed.

Results

Siblings described learning about SMA gradually over time through conversations with their parents and other sources, including the Internet, biology classes and support groups. Parents and unaffected siblings described challenges in family communication due to the emotional intensity associated with having SMA in the family. Most siblings did not report learning from their family how the inheritance of SMA related to their own genetic carrier risk and possible reproductive implications.

Conclusion

Siblings described their parents as being open and honest in communicating about SMA; however, this study found that communication before the age of understanding abstract concepts, in combination with the emotional intensity of SMA, resulted in gaps in knowledge about SMA.
Identification and diagnosis of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis in children
Authors: Day Andrew S , Lemberg Daniel A
Published: May 2020

Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main types of inflammatory bowel disease. High rates of these conditions are seen in Australasian children – furthermore, increasing rates have been evident in recent years. Children can present with typical symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhoea, haematochezia and/or weight loss. Atypical presentations (such as skin lesions or isolated short stature) can also occur: these may be associated with delays in the consideration and diagnosis of IBD. Initial steps in establishing a diagnosis of IBD include delineation of inflammatory markers exclusion of any other likely aetiology. Definitive diagnosis relies upon key endoscopic, histologic and radiological findings. Overall management of IBD encompasses care within a team‐based, child and family‐focused, multi‐disciplinary setting.
High tolerance of two parasites in ornate tree lizards reduces the fitness costs of parasitism
Authors: Paterson J. E. , Blouin‐Demers G.
Published: May 2020

Parasites are ubiquitous and are presumed to have strong negative effects on host fitness. Despite this expectation, many parasites have negligible effects on their hosts in nature. Two hypotheses can explain why this might occur. Hosts can evolve resistance to parasites where their immune system attacks parasites (resistance hypothesis). The resistance hypothesis predicts that parasite load will decrease through time because of immune activity and that parasites have fitness costs to hosts. Alternatively, hosts can evolve tolerance to parasites and invest little energy in repelling attacks (tolerance hypothesis). The tolerance hypothesis predicts that parasites have no fitness costs to hosts. We tested these hypotheses with mark‐recapture data from six populations of a lizard host (Urosaurus ornatus) and two common parasites (ectoparasitic Trombiculid mites and haemoparasitic Plasmodium). We found that parasite load was unrelated to lizard growth rates or survival. In addition, mite parasite load did not decrease through time. Thus, our data support the tolerance hypothesis. Ectoparasitic mites and haemoparasitic Plasmodium are therefore unlikely to be strong drivers of variation in Urosaurus ornatus population density at our study sites because of their negligible effects on host fitness. We encourage ecologists to measure carefully the effects of parasites on hosts, rather than assuming fitness costs of parasitism are present.
Can Human Resource Management Improve Schools' Performance?
Authors: Bryson Alex , Stokes Lucy , Wilkinson David
Published: May 2020

Using data for British workplaces, we compare the associations between human resource management (HRM) practices and schools' performance, comparing those effects to the effects of HRM among private sector workplaces. We do so using measures of workplace performance that are common across all workplaces. We find intensive use of HRM practices is correlated with substantial improvement in workplace performance, both among schools and other workplaces. Results are robust to panel estimates of the correlation between changes in performance and changes in HRM.
Relationships between objective sleep parameters and inflammatory biomarkers in pregnancy
Authors: Zhu Bingqian , Bronas Ulf G. , Carley David W. , Lee Kathryn , Steffen Alana , Kapella Mary C. , Izci‐Balserak Bilgay
Published: May 2020

We examined the relationships between sleep and inflammatory biomarkers during late pregnancy. Seventy‐four women underwent an overnight sleep assessment by polysomnography. Blood samples were collected before bedtime and again within 1 h upon awakening to measure C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐6 soluble receptor. Sleep parameters included variables characterizing sleep architecture and sleep continuity. The participants were 32.2 (SD = 4.1) years old, and the average gestational age was 32.8 (3.5) weeks. Controlling for covariates, evening CRP was negatively associated with N3 sleep (β = −0.30, P = 0.010). N3 sleep was also negatively associated with morning CRP (β = −0.26, P = 0.036), with a higher percentage of N3 sleep associated with a lower level of morning CRP. Contrarily, there was a tendency for a positive association between stage N2 sleep and morning CRP (β = 0.23, P = 0.065). Stage N1 sleep was associated with morning IL‐6 (β = 0.28, P = 0.021), with a higher percentage of N1 sleep associated with a higher morning IL‐6. No significant associations were found between morning inflammatory biomarkers and sleep continuity parameters. In conclusion, increased light sleep was associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers, whereas more deep sleep was associated with decreased inflammatory biomarkers. These findings further support the interactions between sleep and the immune system during late pregnancy.
Role of cell cycling and polyploidy in placental trophoblast of different mammalian species
Authors: Zybina Tatiana G. , Zybina Eugenia V.
Published: May 2020

The trophoblast cells that take part in placenta formation are characterized by different modes of multiplication of their genome that largely designates their eu‐ or aneuploidy level. The two main ways of genome multiplication are described in different degree: (a) endoreduplication that involves almost complete shutdown of mitosis and (b) reduced mitosis (‘endomitosis’) in which, by contrast, entry into mitosis and the passage of its initial stages is a prerequisite of genome multiplication. Endoreduplication observed in the trophoblast giant cells (TGC) in a range of mammalian species implies uncoupling of DNA replication from mitosis achieved by reduction of mitotic Cdk activity. The key role in the regulation of endoreduplication and endomitosis play activity of APC/C complex, geminin and E2F family. A programme of genome multiplication and cell cycle progression may include depolyploidization achieved by specific mitotic or non‐mitotic (amitotic) division of the giant nucleus. In some mammalian species (Rodents), this process represents the final step of the giant cell lifespan that coincides with complete cessation of cell or genome reproduction. Meantime, in other species the process may take part in cell reproduction during lengthy pregnancy. The dynamics of fox and human polyploidization is similar by the possibility of a simultaneous increase in the proportion of endopolyploid and low‐polyploid cells. Reduced mitoses, endoreduplication and depolyploidization appear to be an evolution strategy allowing to generate the functionally different trophoblast cell populations depending of the lifestyle of life of the animal species. Some placental pathologies may be accounted for disturbance of the programme of the cell/genome reproduction of the giant and low‐ploid cell populations.
Why Black‐Majority Neighbourhoods Are The Epicentre Of Population Shrinkage In The American Rust Belt
Authors: Hackworth Jason
Published: May 2020

Despite a clear association between the most African‐American neighbourhoods and overall population shrinkage in Rust Belt cities, few have explored the theoretical challenges that this poses. First, if racial prejudice is the key ingredient for this relationship, why would this result in overall population loss and not simply a reduction of White residents? Second, why if stigmatisation generates the pre‐conditions for in‐migration and investment – as the gentrification and urban ecologies literatures suggest – why would Black neighbourhoods not be the epicentre of population growth? This paper explores these questions through a theoretical synthesis of the residential choice, shrinking cities, and racial prejudice literatures. I rely on an intra‐city examination of neighbourhood change in Cleveland, Detroit and Pittsburgh. I argue that three factors in shrinking Rust Belt cities limit the application of more general neighbourhood change paradigms: (i) the persistence of racial prejudice; (ii) abundant housing supply; and (iii) housing stock characteristics.
Small‐area patch‐merging method accounting for both local constraints and the overall area balance
Authors: Li Chengming , Yin Yong , Dai Zhaoxin , Wu Wei
Published: May 2020

Small‐area patch merging is a common operation in land use data generalization. However, existing research on small‐area patch merging has mainly focused on local compatibility measures, which often lead to area imbalances among land use types from a global perspective. To address the shortcomings of previous studies by resolving local and global concerns simultaneously, this article proposes a merging method that considers both local constraints and the overall area balance. First, a local optimization model that considers three constraints—namely, the areas of neighboring patches, the lengths of shared arcs, and semantic similarity—is established. The areas of small patches are first pre‐allocated. Subsequently, in accordance with an area change threshold for individual land use types, land use types with area changes that exceed this threshold are identified. The patches corresponding to these land use types are subjected to iterative adjustments while considering the overall area balance. Based on their area splitting abilities, the split lines for small‐area patches are determined, and small‐area patches are merged. Finally, actual data from Guangdong Province are used for validation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of preserving the local compatibility of patches while balancing the overall area associated with each land use type.
Why Not Road Ethics?
Authors: Ori Meshi
Published: May 2020

More than 1.2 million people are killed annually in road crashes all over the world, and still it seems that philosophers and, perhaps more importantly, professional ethicists have not devoted thought to the many moral issues that road traffic was bound to create. This article tries to understand why road ethics is all but ignored by philosophers and ethicists, and makes a plea for a change. By exploring ethically the traffic safety problem of speeding it will be shown that ethical analysis is not only appropriate but mandatory.
How do I establish a stool bank for fecal microbiota transplantation within the blood‐ and tissue transplant service?
Authors: Kragsnaes Maja Skov , Nilsson Anna Christine , Kjeldsen Jens , Holt Hanne Marie , Rasmussen Kristina Fruerlund , Georgsen Jørgen , Ellingsen Torkell , Holm Dorte Kinggaard
Published: May 2020

Worldwide, there is a rising demand for thoroughly screened, high‐quality fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) products that can be obtained at a reasonable cost. In the light of this evolving therapeutic area of the intestinal microbiota, both private and public stool banks have emerged. However, some of the larger difficulties when establishing stool banks are caused by the absence of or international disagreement on regulation and legislative formalities. In this context, the establishment of a stool bank within a nonprofit blood and tissue transplant service has several advantages. Especially, this setting can ensure that every step of the donation process, laboratory handling, and donor‐traceability is in agreement with the current expert guidelines and meets the requirements of the European Union's regulative directives on human cells and tissues. Although safety and documentation are the top priority of the stool bank setup presented here, cost‐effectiveness of the production is possible due to a high donor screening success rate and the knowhow, infrastructure, facilities, personnel, and laboratory‐ and quality‐management systems that were already in place. Overall, our experience is that a centralized, nonprofit, blood and tissue transplant service is an ideal and safe facility to run a stool bank of high quality FMT products that are based on stool donations from volunteer, unpaid, healthy, blood donors.
Theoretical Basis for Creation of a Model of Potential for Entrepreneurship Competencies
Authors: Křeménková Lucie , Novotný Jan Sebastian , Marešová Hana
Published: May 2020

The article provides a theoretical basis for a model of potential for entrepreneurship competencies. Recently more stress has been put on a support of entrepreneurship during the school age in the context of the effort to educate “new wave of entrepreneurs” through supporting entrepreneurship competencies of young people. Entrepreneurship education is nowadays understood as an indispensable part of many government actions of EU countries. However, there exist no precise definition of current practice in entrepreneurship education and there can be found a wide range of different methodologies which differ between individual countries as well as within them, where they differ in relation to individual educational facilities. So-called entrepreneurship competencies have become a key term and they can be defined as knowledge, skills and attitudes which influence willingness and ability to carry out business activities and creating new value, and which can be measured directly or indirectly and improved through education. Currently, there exists a range of concepts of entrepreneurship competencies focusing predominantly on adult (already self-employed) population and they fall within one of the two main trends in understanding these competencies—as innate personal characteristics and as skills which can be acquired through education and experience. Based on the current knowledge we defined our own modified theoretical model of potential for entrepreneurship competencies. The model includes three main dimensions with a range of sub-factors—attitudinal competencies (e.g. self-esteem, ability to tolerate ambiguity instead of control), behavioural competencies (e.g. persistence, initiative, creativity, risk capacity) and management skills (e.g. systematic planning, communication skills, ability to solve problems). The focus is mainly on the question of potential for entrepreneurship competencies, which are developmentally adequate for pupils of a lower-secondary level, and which create space for the development of entrepreneurship competencies as such later in life.
Domínio das planilhas eletrônicas por profissionais da área contábil-financeira na América hispânica
Authors: Miranda Claudio De Souza , De Lima João Paulo Resende , Vendramin Elisabeth De Oliveira
Published: May 2020

Este estudo analisa a importância que os profissionais da área contábil e financeira atribuem às habilidades no uso de planilhas eletrônicas. Trata-se de um levantamento efetuado a partir de uma amostra de 237 profissionais (auditores, contadores, controllers e analistas financeiros) da América Hispânica, captados pelo LinkedIn. Observa-se que as planilhas eletrônicas estão entre as habilidades mais necessárias para estes profissionais e seu nível de conhecimento é, em média, elevado, principalmente entre os controllers. Por outro lado, ferramentas mais avançadas como Macros e Visual Basic for Application –VBA–, apresentam níveis de conhecimento ainda baixo. O conhecimento é adquirido principalmente no trabalho e no autoaprendizado mais que nas faculdades. Os resultados revelam que os novos entrantes têm um nível de conhecimento inferior aos seus pares. Igualmente, para a maioria dos profissionais as instituições de ensino superior deveriam capacitar melhor aos alunos nestas ferramentas.
La fiscalidad en España: ¿una limitación al desarrollo de las Pymes?
Authors: Maldonado Gutiérrez David , Benito Mundet Helena
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo analiza razones fiscales y contables que explican por qué las empresas españolas pymes no evolucionan hacia empresas de mayor tamaño, a pesar de las ventajas que puede ofrecer una mayor dimensión empresarial en términos de productividad, atracción de talento, financiación, innovación, etc. Para ello, se hace una aproximación teórica a la situación actual de las empresas según su dimensión, y también a la normativa vigente en materia contable, laboral y tributaria. Adicionalmente, se presenta un ejercicio de simulación que permite observar el impacto del impuesto de sociedades en empresas de distinta dimensión, y los efectos del desestímulo tributario a las empresas de mayor tamaño.
An Investigation Into the Optothermal Behavior of a High Power Red Light Emitting Diode: Impact of an Optical Path
Authors: Muslu Ahmet Mete , Ozluk Burak , Arik Mehmet
Published: May 2020

Monochromatic light emitting diodes (LEDs) are getting more attention day by day for a very wide range of applications such as general lighting, signage, automotive lighting, display, water purification, and skin imaging. While they are taking place in a large number of applications, thermal challenges associated with the operation of LEDs have become a significant issue to address since their performance is greatly affected by thermal conditions. Thus, this study focuses on identifying thermal, optical, and electrical characteristics of an AlGaInP-based red LED considering the impact of the LED dome on the chip performance. The junction temperature measurement results obtained with forward voltage change method were validated with thermal imaging method (TIM) and computational models. It was observed that the LED dome may critically affect the thermal, optical, and electrical behaviors of the LED chip. In fact, a 3.7% increase in junction temperature and a 6.1% drop in optical conversion efficiency were found at the normal operation of the red LED after the LED dome was removed. The results were also compared with a blue LED, and lower junction temperatures were measured for the red LED at each driving current. The difference in junction temperature became even more noticeable at higher driving currents. Results have shown a good agreement between three different methods with a maximum variation of 6.9%.
A new genus and species of larval Neothrombiidae (Trombidiformes: Prostigmata) from Iran with a key to world genera

Authors: Noei Javad
Published: May 2020

Razgthrombium ganjii gen. et sp. nov. (Acari: Neothrombiidae) is described and illustrated based on larval from soil and litter, Razg village, Birjand city, South Khorasan province, Iran. Also, a key to genera of Neothrombiidae of the world (larva) is presented.
Repeated Electrical Point Stimulation (EPS) Treatments for Myofascial Trigger Points in the Upper Trapezius Muscle
Authors: Long Blaine C.
Published: May 2020

Electrical point stimulation (EPS) is suggested to decrease myofascial trigger point (MTrP) pain without influencing pressure pain threshold (PPT) following one treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine if repeated EPS treatments decrease pain perception or PPT. EPS decreased pain immediately following and 10 min following (p < .05) application. For those receiving EPS, pretreatment pain on day 1 was greater than pre- and posttreatments on days 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (p < .05). Patients receiving EPS experienced less pain than placebo and control. Pain did not change for placebo or control (p > .05). PPT did not change for treatment, time, or day (p > .07).
No Effect of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Recovery of Muscle Damage Following Running a Half-Marathon
Authors: Costello Rianne , Willems Mark E.T. , Myers Stephen D. , Myers Fiona , Lewis Nathan A. , Lee Ben J. , Blacker Sam D.
Published: May 2020

New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) contains anthocyanins, known to moderate blood flow and display anti-inflammatory properties that may improve recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. The authors examined whether NZBC extract supplementation enhances recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage after a half-marathon race. Following a randomized, double-blind, independent groups design, 20 (eight women) recreational runners (age 30 ± 6 years, height 1.73 ± 0.74 m, body mass 68.5 ± 7.8 kg, half-marathon finishing time 1:56:33 ± 0:18:08 hr:min:s) ingested either two 300-mg/day capsules of NZBC extract (CurraNZ™) or a visually matched placebo, for 7 days prior to and 2 days following a half-marathon. Countermovement jump performance variables, urine interleukin-6, and perceived muscle soreness and fatigue were measured pre, post, and at 24 and 48 hr after the half-marathon and analyzed using a mixed linear model with statistical significance set a priori at p < .05. The countermovement jump performance variables were reduced immediately post-half-marathon (p < .05), with all returning to pre-half-marathon levels by 48 hr, except the concentric and eccentric peak force and eccentric duration, with no difference in response between groups (p > .05). Urine interleukin-6 increased 48-hr post-half-marathon in the NZBC group only (p < .01) and remained unchanged compared with pre-half-marathon levels in the placebo group (p > .05). Perceived muscle soreness and fatigue increased immediately post-half-marathon (p < .01) and returned to pre-half-marathon levels by 48 hr, with no difference between groups (p > .05). Supplementation with NZBC extract had no effect on the recovery of countermovement jump variables and perceptions of muscle soreness or fatigue following a half-marathon in recreational runners.
No Differences Between Beetroot Juice and Placebo on Competitive 5-km Running Performance: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Hurst Philip , Saunders Samantha , Coleman Damian
Published: May 2020

The authors examine the effect of an acute dose of beetroot juice on endurance running performance in “real-world” competitive settings. In total, 70 recreational runners (mean ± SD: age = 33.3 ± 12.3 years, training history = 11.9 ± 8.1 years, and hours per week training = 5.9 ± 3.5) completed a quasi-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 5-km competitive time trials. Participants performed four trials separated by 1 week in the order of prebaseline, two experimental, and one postbaseline. Experimental trials consisted of the administration of 70-ml nitrate-rich beetroot juice (containing ∼4.1 mmol of nitrate, Beet It Sport®) or nitrate-depleted placebo (containing ∼0.04 mmol of nitrate, Beet It Sport®) 2.5 hr prior to time trials. Time to complete 5 km was recorded for each trial. No differences were shown between pre- and postbaseline (p = .128, coefficient variation = 2.66%). The average of these two trials is therefore used as baseline. Compared with baseline, participants ran faster with beetroot juice (mean differences = 22.2 ± 5.0 s, p < .001, d = 0.08) and placebo (22.9 ± 4.5 s, p < .001, d = 0.09). No differences in times were shown between beetroot juice and placebo (0.8 ± 5.7 s, p < .875, d = 0.00). These results indicate that an acute dose of beetroot juice does not improve competitive 5-km time-trial performance in recreational runners compared with placebo.
Accuracy of Thresholds Based on Cadence and Lifestyle Counts per Minute to Detect Outdoor Walking in Older Adults With Mobility Limitations
Authors: Webber Sandra C. , Hahn Francine , Lix Lisa M. , Tittlemier Brenda J. , Salbach Nancy M. , Barclay Ruth
Published: May 2020

Objective: To determine the optimal threshold, based on cadence and lifestyle counts per minute, to detect outdoor walking in mobility-limited older adults. Methods: Older adults (N = 25, median age: 77.0 years, interquartile range: 10.5) wore activity monitors during 80 outdoor walks. Walking bouts were identified manually (reference standard) and compared with identification using cadence thresholds (≥30, ≥35, ≥40, ≥45, and ≥50 steps/min) and >760 counts per minute using low frequency extension analysis. Results: Median walking bout duration was 10.5 min (interquartile range 4.8) and median outdoor walking speed was 0.70 m/s (interquartile range 0.20). Cadence thresholds of ≥30, ≥35, and ≥40 steps/min demonstrated high sensitivity (1.0, 95% confidence intervals [0.95, 1.0]) to detect walking bouts; estimates for specificity and positive predictive value were highest for ≥40 steps/min. Conclusion: A cadence threshold of ≥40 steps/min is recommended for detecting sustained outdoor walking in this population.
Incorporating Behavior Change Strategies Into an Exercise Trial to Improve Physical Activity Maintenance Among Adults at High Risk for Type II Diabetes
Authors: West Ashley B. , Konopka Adam R. , LeBreton Kelli A. , Miller Benjamin F. , Hamilton Karyn L. , Leach Heather J.
Published: May 2020

This study examined the feasibility and effects of a 1-hr physical activity (PA) behavior change (PABC) discussion session on PA, 12 weeks after completing an exercise trial. Adults at high risk of Type II diabetes were randomized to the PABC or a control group. PA was self-reported using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Chi-square tests compared the proportion of participants classified as moderately active or greater at the 12-week follow-up. Participants (N = 50) were M = 61.8 ± 5.5 years old and mostly female (80%). All participants completed the PABC discussion session, and compliance with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at 12-week follow-up was 78%. Barrier self-efficacy increased immediately following the PABC (MΔ0.5 ± 0.9; t(22) = −2.45, p = .023). At 12-week follow-up, 88% in the PABC were moderately active or greater, compared with 50% in the control (p = .015). Incorporating a PABC discussion session as part of an exercise efficacy trial was feasible and may help improve PA maintenance.
Motor Skill Development and Youth Physical Activity: A Social Psychological Perspective
Authors: Weiss Maureen R.
Published: May 2020

Children and youth participate in physical activities to develop and demonstrate physical competence, attain social acceptance and approval, and experience enjoyment. Satisfying these motives enhances interest in sustaining physical activity, which contributes to improved motor skills, self-confidence, social relationships, and other positive outcomes. My essay explores motor skill development and youth physical activity through a social psychological lens and the benefits of integrating scientific knowledge from our respective fields to inform research and professional practice. Motor development and sport psychology researchers can collaborate to address critical issues related to motor and perceived competence and physical activity. I recommend five ways for integrating knowledge: (1) applying social psychological theory to guide research questions, (2) using more longitudinal designs, (3) using a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods, (4) designing studies on physical literacy, and (5) employing a positive youth development (PYD) approach for improving motor and social-emotional skills. These efforts can assist teachers, coaches, and parents in creating opportunities for youth to learn and improve fundamental motor and sport skills and to achieve feelings of competence, autonomy, relatedness, and joy for motivating a lifetime of physical activity.
Neutrophil extracellular traps exacerbate neurological deficits after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Vaibhav Kumar , Braun Molly , Alverson Katelyn , Khodadadi Hesam , Kutiyanawalla Ammar , Ward Ayobami , Banerjee Christopher , Sparks Tyler , Malik Aneeq , Rashid Mohammad H. , Khan Mohammad Badruzzaman , Waters Michael F. , Hess David C. , Arbab Ali S. , Vender John R. , Hoda Nasrul , Baban Babak , Dhandapani Krishnan M.
Published: May 2020

Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps worsens cerebrovascular outcomes after traumatic brain injury.
Treatment of severe sepsis with nanoparticulate cell-free DNA scavengers
Authors: Dawulieti Jianati , Sun Madi , Zhao Yawei , Shao Dan , Yan Huize , Lao Yeh-Hsing , Hu Hanze , Cui Lianzhi , Lv Xiaoyan , Liu Feng , Chi Chun-Wei , Zhang Yue , Li Mingqiang , Zhang Ming , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi , Leong Kam W. , Chen Li
Published: May 2020

Cationic nanoparticles ameliorate severe sepsis progression through scavenging cell-free DNA.
Mfsd2a and Spns2 are essential for sphingosine-1-phosphate transport in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier
Authors: Wang Zhifu , Zheng Yongtao , Wang Fan , Zhong Junjie , Zhao Tong , Xie Qiang , Zhu Tongming , Ma Fukai , Tang Qisheng , Zhou Bin , Zhu Jianhong
Published: May 2020

Mfsd2a and S1P regulate the BBB and the delivery of neurological drugs in the CNS.
Ancient genome-wide DNA from France highlights the complexity of interactions between Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers
Authors: Rivollat Maïté , Jeong Choongwon , Schiffels Stephan , Küçükkalıpçı İşil , Pemonge Marie-Hélène , Rohrlach Adam Benjamin , Alt Kurt W. , Binder Didier , Friederich Susanne , Ghesquière Emmanuel , Gronenborn Detlef , Laporte Luc , Lefranc Philippe , Meller Harald , Réveillas Hélène , Rosenstock Eva , Rottier Stéphane , Scarre Chris , Soler Ludovic , Wahl Joachim , Krause Johannes , Deguilloux Marie-France , Haak Wolfgang
Published: May 2020

Shedding light on first encounters between late hunter-gatherers and early farmers in western Europe.
Temporal pressure enhanced topical drug delivery through micropore formation
Authors: Lio Daniel Chin Shiuan , Chia Rui Ning , Kwek Milton Sheng Yi , Wiraja Christian , Madden Leigh Edward , Chang Hao , Khadir S. Mohideen Abdul , Wang Xiaomeng , Becker David L. , Xu Chenjie
Published: May 2020

Temporal pressure improves transdermal drug delivery of molecules and nanoparticles via micropore formation.
De novo design of functional zwitterionic biomimetic material for immunomodulation
Authors: Li Bowen , Yuan Zhefan , Jain Priyesh , Hung Hsiang-Chieh , He Yuwei , Lin Xiaojie , McMullen Patrick , Jiang Shaoyi
Published: May 2020

An innovative biomimetic polymer integrates zwitterionic non-fouling properties with immunomodulatory functionality.
Unsupervised experience with temporal continuity of the visual environment is causally involved in the development of V1 complex cells
Authors: Matteucci Giulio , Zoccolan Davide
Published: May 2020

Unsupervised learning of visual temporal statistics drives postnatal development of position invariance in visual cortex.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
clinical isolates carry mutational signatures of host immune environments
Authors: Liu Qingyun , Wei Jianhao , Li Yawei , Wang Mei , Su Jun , Lu Yonghui , López Mariana G. , Qian Xueqin , Zhu Zhaoqin , Wang Haiying , Gan Mingyun , Jiang Qi , Fu Yun-Xin , Takiff Howard E. , Comas Iñaki , Li Feng , Lu Xuemei , Fortune Sarah M. , Gao Qian
Published: May 2020

Massive single-colony sequencing revealed that mutation rates varied between different bacilli from the same patient.
Oncoprotein SND1 hijacks nascent MHC-I heavy chain to ER-associated degradation, leading to impaired CD8
+
T cell response in tumor
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wang Xinting , Cui Xiaoteng , Zhuo Yue , Li Hongshuai , Ha Chuanbo , Xin Lingbiao , Ren Yuanyuan , Zhang Wei , Sun Xiaoming , Ge Lin , Liu Xin , He Jinyan , Zhang Tao , Zhang Kai , Yao Zhi , Yang Xi , Yang Jie
Published: May 2020

Oncoprotein SND1 induces ER-associated degradation for nascent MHC-I heavy chain, leading to impaired CD8
+
T cell response in tumor.
Three-dimensional DNA tweezers serve as modular DNA intelligent machines for detection and regulation of intracellular microRNA
Authors: Zhou Lin , Gao Mingxuan , Fu Weiling , Wang Yunxia , Luo Dan , Chang Kai , Chen Ming
Published: May 2020

Modular DNA intelligent machines for detection and regulation of intracellular microRNAs.
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 through recombination and strong purifying selection
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Giorgi Elena E. , Marichannegowda Manukumar Honnayakanahalli , Foley Brian , Xiao Chuan , Kong Xiang-Peng , Chen Yue , Gnanakaran S. , Korber Bette , Gao Feng
Published: May 2020

Frequent recombination and strong purifying selection facilitate the cross-species transmission of coronaviruses to humans.
Contribution of Complex I NADH Dehydrogenase to Respiratory Energy Coupling in Glucose-Grown Cultures of
Ogataea parapolymorpha
Authors: Juergens Hannes , Hakkaart Xavier D. V. , Bras Jildau E. , Vente André , Wu Liang , Benjamin Kirsten R. , Pronk Jack T. , Daran-Lapujade Pascale , Mans Robert
Published: May 2020

Since popular microbial cell factories have typically not been selected for efficient respiratory energy coupling, their ATP yields from sugar catabolism are often suboptimal. In aerobic industrial processes, suboptimal energy coupling results in reduced product yields on sugar, increased process costs for oxygen transfer, and volumetric productivity limitations due to limitations in gas transfer and cooling. This study provides insights into the contribution of mechanisms of respiratory energy coupling in the yeast cell factory
Ogataea parapolymorpha
under different growth conditions and provides a basis for rational improvement of energy coupling in yeast cell factories. Analysis of energy metabolism of
O. parapolymorpha
at extremely low specific growth rates indicated that this yeast reduces its energy requirements for cellular maintenance under extreme energy limitation. Exploration of the mechanisms for this increased energetic efficiency may contribute to an optimization of the performance of industrial processes with slow-growing eukaryotic cell factories.
Comparability of Titers of Antibodies against Seasonal Influenza Virus Strains as Determined by Hemagglutination Inhibition and Microneutralization Assays
Authors: Heeringa Marten , Leav Brett , Smolenov Igor , Palladino Giuseppe , Isakov Leah , Matassa Vincent
Published: May 2020

We compared titers of antibodies against A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B influenza virus strains collected pre- and postvaccination using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays and data from two vaccine trials: study 1, performed with a cell-grown trivalent influenza vaccine (TIVc) using cell-grown target virus in both assays, and study 2, performed with an egg-grown adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aQIVe) using egg-grown target virus. The relationships between HI- and MN-derived log-transformed titers were examined using different statistical techniques.
Influence of Different Inactivation Methods on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA Copy Number
Authors: Chen Hailong , Wu Rui , Xing Yuan , Du Quanli , Xue Zerun , Xi Yanli , Yang Yujie , Deng Yangni , Han Yuewen , Li Kaixin , Luan Yang , Zhang Yalan , Wei Xiaoguang , Yu Tongtong , Li Hao , Zhu Lingxiang , Su Shisheng , Lian Hao , Lu Linping , Tan Chianru , Zheng Haichao , Chen Baozhong , Yu Pengbo , Guo Yong , Ma Chaofeng
Published: May 2020

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across the world and was characterized as a pandemic. To protect medical laboratory personnel from infection, most laboratories inactivate the virus causing COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in clinical samples before testing. However, the effect of inactivation on the detection results remains unknown. Here, we used a digital PCR assay to determine the absolute SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy number in 63 nasopharyngeal swab samples and assess the effect of inactivation methods on viral RNA copy number.
Supporting Students from Day 1 of College: The Importance of Relatedness to Inclusivity
Authors: Scogin Stephen C. , Austin Michelle , Alexander Cindy , Mader Catherine , Best Aaron , Rietberg Katrina , Supanich Katherine , Iaderosa Lara , Sommavilla Carly , Barber Julie
Published: May 2020

Day 1: Watershed (WS) is a first-year program designed to provide an inclusive environment for students and immerse them in research from day 1 of college. Originally developed to support students from underrepresented groups (URGs) including first-generation students and students of color, WS provides authentic research experiences for all students as they collect and analyze water and microbiological samples from the local watershed. WS also includes a living–learning community with students living in the same dorm and taking common courses during their first year. In the first year of our study, researchers investigated students’ anxieties, feelings of belonging or isolation, supports received, and personal habits. In year 2 (the primary year reported), researchers used mixed-methods and self-determination theory to determine how WS students differed from students in other introductory and research-based courses in terms of basic psychological needs satisfaction (including autonomy, competence, and relatedness). Results indicated that although WS students felt less autonomous and, at times, less competent than other students, 90% reported a positive experience. Furthermore, findings suggest that WS students’ feelings of connection with classmates and instructors, as well as a sense of belonging in the course, provided the necessary motivational support to facilitate a positive learning experience. These findings indicate that the WS program can be a viable model for supporting students in early science courses and making them feel included.