bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-Year Brain Atrophy Evident in Healthy Aging
Authors: Fjell Anders M. , Walhovd Kristine B. , Fennema-Notestine Christine , McEvoy Linda K. , Hagler Donald J. , Holland Dominic , Brewer James B. , Dale Anders M.
Published: December 2009

An accurate description of changes in the brain in healthy aging is needed to understand the basis of age-related changes in cognitive function. Cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest thinning of the cerebral cortex, volumetric reductions of most subcortical structures, and ventricular expansion. However, there is a paucity of detailed longitudinal studies to support the cross-sectional findings. In the present study, 142 healthy elderly participants (60–91 years of age) were followed with repeated MRI, and were compared with 122 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Volume changes were measured across the entire cortex and in 48 regions of interest. Cortical reductions in the healthy elderly were extensive after only 1 year, especially evident in temporal and prefrontal cortices, where annual decline was ∼0.5%. All subcortical and ventricular regions except caudate nucleus and the fourth ventricle changed significantly over 1 year. Some of the atrophy occurred in areas vulnerable to AD, while other changes were observed in areas less characteristic of the disease in early stages. This suggests that the changes are not primarily driven by degenerative processes associated with AD, although it is likely that preclinical changes associated with AD are superposed on changes due to normal aging in some subjects, especially in the temporal lobes. Finally, atrophy was found to accelerate with increasing age, and this was especially prominent in areas vulnerable to AD. Thus, it is possible that the accelerating atrophy with increasing age is due to preclinical AD.
Central, But Not Basolateral, Amygdala Is Critical for Control of Feeding by Aversive Learned Cues
Authors: Petrovich Gorica D. , Ross Cali A. , Mody Pari , Holland Peter C. , Gallagher Michela
Published: December 2009

Environmental factors contribute to the motivation to eat and can override homeostatic signals to stimulate eating in sated states, or inhibit eating in states of hunger. In particular, stress, fear, and anxiety have been linked to suppression of eating and anorexia nervosa. Here, we use a rodent model of an aversive cue-induced cessation of feeding. In this setting, food-deprived rats suppress eating when presented with a tone [conditioned stimulus (CS)] that was previously paired with footshocks [unconditioned stimulus (US)]. To begin to delineate the underlying neural circuitry we examined the two regions of the amygdala with well known roles in associative learning—the central nucleus (CEA) and the basolateral area (BLA; includes the basolateral, basomedial, and lateral nuclei). We produced selective, bilateral, neurotoxic lesions of the CEA or BLA, and then trained these rats together with sham-lesioned controls in a behavioral protocol that allowed a test for food consumption in the presence of an aversive CS. Both sham- and BLA-lesioned rats showed inhibition of eating when presented with the CS. In contrast, bilateral, neurotoxic lesions of the CEA abolished this effect. These results demonstrate that the CEA, but not BLA, is critical for control of feeding by an aversive CS. Previously we demonstrated that enhancement of eating by an appetitive CS is dependent on the integrity of BLA, but not CEA. Those findings together with the current results show a double dissociation between amygdalar subsystems that control food consumption by appetitive and aversive learned cues.
ApoE4 Decreases Spine Density and Dendritic Complexity in Cortical NeuronsIn Vivo
Authors: Dumanis Sonya B. , Tesoriero Joseph A. , Babus Lenard W. , Nguyen Madeline T. , Trotter Justin H. , Ladu Mary Jo , Weeber Edwin J. , Turner R. Scott , Xu Baoji , Rebeck G. William , Hoe Hyang-Sook
Published: December 2009

The three human alleles of apolipoprotein E (APOE) differentially influence outcome after CNS injury and affect one's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). It remains unclear how ApoE isoforms contribute to various AD-related pathological changes (e.g., amyloid plaques and synaptic and neuron loss). Here, we systematically examined whether apoE isoforms (E2, E3, E4) exhibit differential effects on dendritic spine density and morphology in APOE targeted replacement (TR) mice, which lack AD pathological changes. Using Golgi staining, we found age-dependent effects of APOE4 on spine density in the cortex. The APOE4 TR mice had significantly reduced spine density at three independent time points (4 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year, 27.7% ± 7.4%, 24.4% ± 8.6%, and 55.6% ± 10.5%, respectively) compared with APOE3 TR mice and APOE2 TR mice. Additionally, in APOE4 TR mice, shorter spines were evident compared with other APOE TR mice at 1 year. APOE2 TR mice exhibited longer spines as well as significantly increased apical dendritic arborization in the cortex compared with APOE4 and APOE3 TR mice at 4 weeks. However, there were no differences in spine density across APOE genotypes in hippocampus. These findings demonstrate that apoE isoforms differentially affect dendritic complexity and spine formation, suggesting a role for APOE genotypes not only in acute and chronic brain injuries including AD, but also in normal brain functions.
The Tumor Suppressor p53 Transcriptionally Regulates cGKI Expression during Neuronal Maturation and Is Required for cGMP-Dependent Growth Cone Collapse
Authors: Tedeschi Andrea , Nguyen Tuan , Steele Sonya Ulrike , Feil Susanne , Naumann Ulrike , Feil Robert , Di Giovanni Simone
Published: December 2009

The cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) has multiple functions including a role in axonal growth and pathfinding of sensory neurons, and counteracts Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-induced growth cone collapse. Within the nervous system, however, the transcriptional regulation of cGKI is still obscure. Recently, the transcription factor and tumor suppressor p53 has been reported to promote neurite outgrowth by regulating the gene expression of factors that promote growth cone extension, but specific p53 targets genes that may counteract growth cone collapse have not been identified so far. Here, we show that p53 promotes cGKI expression in neuronal-like PC-12 cells and primary neurons by occupying specific regulatory elements in a chromatin environment during neuronal maturation. Importantly, we demonstrate that p53-dependent expression of cGKI is required for the ability of cGMP to counteract growth cone collapse. Growth cone retraction mediated by Sema3A is overcome by cGMP only in wild-type, but not in p53-null dorsal root ganglia. Reconstitution of p53 levels is sufficient to recover both cGKI expression and the ability of cGMP to counteract growth cone collapse, while cGKI overexpression rescues growth cone collapse in p53-null primary neurons.

In conclusion, this study identifies p53 as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of cGKI during neuronal maturation and cGMP-dependent inhibition of growth cone collapse.
Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells Isoform c4 (NFATc4/NFAT3) as a Mediator of Antiapoptotic Transcription in NMDA Receptor-Stimulated Cortical Neurons
Authors: Vashishta Aruna , Habas Agata , Pruunsild Priit , Zheng Jing-Juan , Timmusk Tõnis , Hetman Michal
Published: December 2009

During cortical development, when NR2B subunit is the major component of the NMDA glutamate receptors (NMDARs), moderate NMDAR activity supports neuronal survival at least in part by regulating gene transcription. We report that, in cultured cortical neurons from newborn rats, the NMDARs activated the calcium-responsive transcription regulator nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Moreover, in developing rat cortex, the NFAT isoforms c3 and c4 (NFATc3 and NFATc4) were expressed at relatively higher levels at postnatal day 7 (P7) than P21, overlapping with the period of NMDAR-dependent survival. In cultured cortical neurons, NFATc3 and NFATc4 were regulated at least in part by the NR2B NMDAR. Conversely, knockdown of NFATc4 but not NFATc3 induced cortical neuron apoptosis. Likewise, NFATc4 inhibition prevented antiapoptotic neuroprotection in response to exogenous NMDA. Expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was reduced by NFATc4 inhibition. NFATc4 regulated transcription by the NMDAR-responsivebdnfpromoter IV. In addition, NMDAR blockers including NR2B-selective once reduced BDNF expression in P7 cortex and cultured cortical neurons. Finally, exogenous BDNF rescued from the proapoptotic effects of NFATc4 inhibition. These results identifybdnfas one of the target genes for the antiapoptotic signaling by NMDAR–NFATc4. Thus, the previously unrecognized NMDAR–NFATc4–BDNF pathway contributes to the survival signaling network that supports cortical development.
Diagnosis, management and therapeutic outcome in prepubertal Cushing's disease
Authors: Dias R P , Kumaran A , Chan L F , Martin L , Afshar F , Matson M , Plowman P N , Monson J P , Besser G M , Grossman A B , Savage M O , Storr H L
Published: December 2009

Objectives

Cushing's disease (CD) in prepubertal children is very rare and presents important diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report experience of the management of this subpopulation of CD patients.

Study design/methods

Retrospective patient case note review.

Results

Between 1985 and 2008, 17 prepubertal children (13M, 4F), aged 5.7–14.1 years presented to our centre for diagnosis and management of CD. All children had subnormal linear growth and excessive weight gain at presentation. A high proportion (85% of males, 75% of females) had evidence of excessive virilisation. Striae and hypertension were seen in 41% of patients. The investigation with highest sensitivity (100%) for CD was excessive increase of serum cortisol to i.v. CRH (mean increase 113%). Pituitary imaging performed in all the patients showed poor concordance with findings at surgery (31%). In contrast bilateral simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BSIPSS), performed in 11/16 subjects showed a high correlation with surgical findings (91%). In 16 patients, transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy (TSS) achieved a cure rate of 44%. However, in the 11 patients who had pre-operative BSIPSS, the cure rate was 64%. Of the 16 patients, 9 patients who were not cured by TSS received external pituitary radiotherapy.

Conclusions

Prepubertal CD had distinctive features with increased frequency in males, abnormal auxology and excessive virilisation. The cortisol response to i.v. CRH administration was particularly exuberant and contributed to diagnosis. BSIPSS was much more helpful than pituitary imaging in localisation of the microadenoma and was associated with improved cure rate by TSS.
Proteomic comparison of detergent-extracted sperm proteins from bulls with different fertility indexes
Authors: D'Amours Olivier , Frenette Gilles , Fortier Marlène , Leclerc Pierre , Sullivan Robert
Published: December 2009

Intrinsic factors such as proteins modulate the fertilising ability of male gametes. We compared detergent-extracted sperm protein composition of bulls with different fertility indexes in order to highlight putative fertility markers of sperm. Frozen semen from 23 Holstein bulls with documented fertility was used. According to their ‘fertility solution’ (SOL), as calculated by the Canadian dairy network, bulls were divided into four groups: high fertility (HF) (SOL>3.0;n=6), medium-HF (2.9>SOL>2.0;n=5), medium-low fertility (−2.8>SOL>−4.9;n=8) and low fertility (LF; SOL<−5.0;n=4), with a SOL=0 being the average. Triton X-100 protein extracts from ejaculated spermatozoa were subjected to two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, and polypeptide maps were quantitatively analysed by ImageMaster software. Nine protein spots showed significant differences between the HF and LF groups, and eight of these proteins were identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. T-complex protein 1 subunits ε and θ (CCT5 and CCT8), two isoforms of epididymal sperm-binding protein E12 (ELSPBP1), proteasome subunit α type-6 and binder of sperm 1 (BSP1) were more expressed in the LF group than in the HF group. On the other hand, adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1) and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1) were more expressed in the HF group than in the LF group. The presence and expression level of ELSPBP1, BSP1, AK1 and PEBP1 were confirmed by western blot. A linear regression model established that CCT5 and AK1 explained 64% (P<0.001) of the fertility scores. The reported functions of these proteins are in agreement with a putative involvement in defective sperm physiology, where lower or higher levels can jeopardise sperm ability to reach and fertilise the oocyte.
Optimum time for phosphorus fertilization on Egyptian alluvial soil
Authors: El-Ghamry A. , Mosa A. , El-Naggar E.
Published: December 2009

The rapid fixation of phosphorus fertilizers in soil with a high content of calcium carbonate requires efficient management methods for phosphorus fertilization, especially as regards the time of application. For this purpose, a field experiment was carried out in the summer season of 2006/2007 in the experimental farm of the Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt to evaluate the best time for phosphorus fertilization to cowpea on Egyptian alluvial soil. The results showed that adding half the recommended phosphorus fertilization rate at sowing and the other half before the first irrigation was the best treatment to enhance phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency, contributing to an increased uptake of phosphorus by cowpea, reflected in the higher phosphorus concentration in the grains. Increased phosphorus uptake also caused an increase in the nitrogen and potassium concentrations in cowpea grains, whereas the zinc and iron concentrations decreased.
Traditional maize heterosis sources in Eastern Central Europe
Authors: Hadi G.
Published: December 2009

The main characteristics of the European heterosis sources Mindszentpusztai, Rumai and Many-Rowed Early Flint probably developed in Eastern Central Europe. Little time and few funds are currently spent on their improvement, so they are constantly being eroded in number and their relative breeding value has declined. The elaboration of methods for the utilisation of European sources could be of great assistance in achieving improvements in maize yield potential and crop safety on a global scale. The first step in this work will be the clarification of the possible origin of the heterosis sources.
Differences in staining of the unicellular algae Chlorococcales as a function of algaenan content
Authors: Zych M. , Burczyk J. , Kotowska M. , Kapuścik A. , Banaś A. , Stolarczyk A. , Termińska-Pabis K. , Dudek S. , Klasik S.
Published: December 2009

Algal strains belonging to the
Chlorococcales (Chlorophyceae)
show significant differences in the extent of staining with the commonly used dye, crystalline violet. This seems to depend on the cell wall composition and on the occurrence of the acetolysis-resistant biopolymer algaenan in the algal cells.Eighteen algal strains were investigated using 24 h staining with 0.2% crystalline violet and it was confirmed that algal strains which did not contain algaenan and had a trilaminar structure in the cell wall showed strong staining ability, while non-algaenan strains were stained very weakly, if at all. The simple method presented here may be helpful to distinguish both kinds of algal strains.
Studies on the effect of N fertilisation on the growth of maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids II. Plant growth analysis and growth parameters
Authors: Berzsenyi Z.
Published: December 2009

The use of growth analysis and growth parameters could make an important contribution to improving the utilisation of N fertiliser by maize hybrids. In 2001 and 2002 the effect of four N fertiliser rates (0, 80, 160, 240 kg ha
−1
) on the growth and productivity of three maize hybrids with different vegetation periods was studied in a long-term experiment involving continuous maize, representing a stress environment, set up in Martonvásár on chernozem soil with forest residues almost 50 years ago. Each year eight samples were taken at 14-day intervals for the destructive method of growth analysis. N fertiliser was found to have a significant effect on the growth parameters of individual plants (RGR, NAR, LAR) in both the vegetative and generative stages of growth, up to N rates of 80 and 160 kg ha
−1
, respectively. The value of RGR increased until the N
160
treatment and that of NAR until N
80
, while LAR declined significantly in response to N fertilisation. RLGR was enhanced by N fertiliser up to a rate of N
80
, and all the N treatments reduced the extent of leaf withering. Among the growth parameters of the canopy, the values of CGR and HI rose significantly up to N
160
and that of LAI
max
up to N
80
. The cumulative values of LAD and BMD were highest in the N
160
treatment. All the growth parameters increased as the vegetation period of the hybrids lengthened, and all reflected the year effect. Compared to the highest N rate, N stress of 29–38% was calculated for the control treatment. On average, N fertilisation resulted in a 6–27% relative decline in LAI after flowering.
Effect of heavy metals on the leaf disc ferricyanide reduction in cucumber
Authors: Rabnecz G. , Záray G. , Lévai L. , Fodor F.
Published: December 2009

The effect of heavy metals on the leaf plasma membrane electron transport systems was investigated in connection with the tissue Fe concentration in Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient cucumber leaves. Ten M μPb in the nutrient solution inhibited leaf ferricyanide reduction by 20–26%, whereas 10 M μCd had a more drastic effect, with 80–83% inhibition. Ferricyanide reduction decreased by 14% when 1 mM Pb was applied
in situ
by vacuum infiltration into control leaf discs, whereas it decreased by 40% when 0.1 mM Cd was applied. Ferricyanide reduction was completely inhibited by 1 mM Cd. The ferricyanide reduction values were correlated with the heavy metal, Fe and chlorophyll concentrations in the leaves. A significant linear correlation was only found with the chlorophyll concentration. The data suggest that there are also direct effects on membranebound reductases, but these are of less significance. Using differentially Fe-deficient plants (grown with 0 to 300 nM Fe in the nutrient solution), a chlorophyll concentration of 0.9–1.0 mg g
−1
fresh weight was estimated as the threshold for achieving the ferricyanide reduction levels found in the controls.
Exogenous ascorbic acid or thiamine increases the resistance of sunflower and maize plants to salt stress
Authors: Hamada A. , Al-Hakimi A.
Published: December 2009

Increasing NaCl levels retarded the net photosynthetic rate, biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and membrane integrity of maize and sunflower seedlings; a serious effect was exhibited when NaCl was applied at high concentration. On the other hand, the K
+
efflux increased at increasing NaCl levels. In addition, the various salt levels induced considerable variations in the concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The vitamins applied were generally effective in partially or completely countering the inhibitory effects of salt stress on net photosynthetic rate, pigments biosynthesis and membrane integrity, exerting a stimulatory action on these parameters, especially in plants subjected to moderate and low salinity levels. The leakage of K
+
was reduced by the application of both ascorbic acid (AsA) and thiamine (B
1
). Soaking the seeds of salt-stressed plants in AsA or B
1
had a favourable effect on the accumulation of certain ions and antagonized or ameliorated the inhibitory effect of salt stress.
Detection of the 1RS chromosome arm in Martonvásár wheat genotypes containing 1Bl.1Rs or 1Al.1Rs translocations using SSR and STS markers
Authors: Schneider A. , Molnár-Láng M.
Published: December 2009

Several molecular markers have been reported for the detection of the 1RS chromosome arm. The aim of the present experiments was to study the reliability and reproducibility of six molecular markers specific to the 1RS rye chromosome (GPI, Bmac213, 5S, IAG95, SCM9 and RMS13) in distinguishing between wheat genotypes with and without the 1BL.1RS or 1AL.1RS translocations. In the course of the analysis, PCR products of the expected size were obtained with all the markers, which were found to give a reliable indication of the presence of the 1RS chromosome arm in the wheat genome.
Spot blotch and terminal heat stress tolerance in south Asian spring wheat genotypes
Authors: Rosyara U. , Subedi S. , Sharma R. , Duveiller E.
Published: December 2009

Terminal heat stress and spot blotch disease (caused by
Cochliobolus sativus
) are the most important stresses responsible for significant yield losses every year in warm South Asian plains. Both of these stresses are very severe in late planted wheat, which is common in rice-wheat and rice-rice-wheat cropping systems. The development of genotypes tolerant to both stresses might be very useful for increasing yield and reducing yield losses. Information is limited on how different genotypes respond to both stresses (individually and combined) and on the degree of tolerance present in South Asian wheat genotypes. The study was done to evaluate the tolerance of South Asian wheat genotypes to both stresses by comparing the stress factor susceptibility index (SFSI). Eleven diverse South Asian genotypes were evaluated under spot blotch stress (non-fungicide protected plots), heat stress (late planted and fungicide protected), both stresses (non-fungicide protected and late planted) and normal planting situations (fungicide protected and normal season planted) at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Both stresses reduced the grain yield and thousand-kernel weight (TKW), but not other yield components, including grains/spike and spikelets/spike. Genotypes BL 1473, Gautam and NL971 were moderately to highly tolerant to both types of stress. Generally genotypes that are tolerant or resistant to spot blotch also showed tolerance to heat stress, suggesting a common physiological mechanism to combat both stresses in tolerant genotypes.
Enzymatic antioxidant defence mechanisms of maize and sorghum after exposure to and recovery from pre- and post-flowering dehydration
Authors: Takele A. , Farrant J.
Published: December 2009

Drought stress is often the most limiting factor for maize and sorghum production in the semi-arid areas. This study evaluates the enzymatic antioxidant protection mechanism response of maize (cv Melkassa-2) and sorghum (cv. Macia) after exposure to and recovery from pre- and post-flowering dehydration.The response of enzymatic antioxidant protection systems revealed that in both test crops dehydration during both the pre- and post-flowering stages resulted in increased activities of enzymatic antioxidant protection mechanisms (SOD, GR, CAT and APX). There were, however, differences between the species in the type and extent of enhanced developmentally-induced and dehydration-induced antioxidant activities. Differences were also noticed in the relative water contents at which changes in enzymatic antioxidant activities occurred. Under dehydration conditions, sorghum was generally found to have relatively higher enzymatic antioxidant activities, providing it better protection against oxidative stress by minimizing the level of lipid peroxidation.Lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA content, was increased in both species during pre- and post-flowering dehydration, but the increase was greater in maize than in sorghum during both developmental stages. Sorghum appeared to be able to reduce MDA on rehydration, but maize contained only 85% less MDA after rehydration as compared to the control following pre-flowering rehydration. During post-flowering rehydration, neither species was able to decrease the MDA content to the control level.The results indicated that tolerance to drought in sorghum is well associated with the consistent enhanced capacity of the enzymatic antioxidant system under both pre- and post-flowering dehydration conditions, and that the sensitivity of maize to drought is linearly correlated to the decreased capacity of the antioxidant system. It may be concluded that, since differences were observed between the species in the response of enzymatic antioxidants to pre- and post-flowering dehydration/rehydration, with sorghum exhibiting comparatively higher overall activities of enzymatic antioxidants and a lower level of MDA than maize during both pre- and post-flowering dehydration, selection based on these criteria may help in the development of genotypes tolerant to dehydration.
Analytical and technological aspects on bioactive compounds in spice red pepper
Authors: Daood H.
Published: December 2009

During the last decades comprehensive data in the field of chemistry, biology and technology of spice red pepper (paprika) have rapidly accumulated. In food science and technology the research work focused on, among others, developing accurate, simple, rapid, reliable, and of high sensitivity analytical methods to determine paprika pigments and antioxidants. The research concentrated mainly on the development and optimisation of liquid chromatographic methods to determine the carotenoids, tocopherols (vitamin E) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). In the area of plant biology/physiology characterisation of ripening of traditional and new cultivars and hybrids of spice red pepper was the main objective of research work carried out by research groups in different countries. In the field of paprika processing and technology special interest has been given to the effect of different drying technologies on the quality components of paprika and their stability during drying, milling and storage. The aim of many research programs was to produce paprika with high colouring capacity, antioxidant content and storage stability. The objective of this article is to review the research works done on spice red pepper in the Central Food Research Institute, Budapest.
Problem-based evidence: nem konvencionális klinikai vizsgálati metodikák a sebészetbenr
Authors: Szűcs Ákos , Harsányi László
Published: December 2009

Absztrakt

A bizonyítékalapú orvoslás világában egy innováció elfogadtatásához a randomizált, kontrollált vizsgálatok elengedhetetlenek. A farmakológiai vizsgálatok gyakorlatával ellentétben azonban a sebészi innováció számos buktatót rejt: kontrollcsoport felállítása sokszor nem egyszerű, a placebo fogalma sem könnyen definiálható, az álműtétek alkalmazása sem jogi, sem etikai formában nincs kellően szabályozva, ugyanakkor esetleges szakmai előnyei is kétségesek. A tanulási folyamatból eredő, időben és térben változó kockázat is a sebészeti kutatások sajátos velejárója. Igény mutatkozik tehát olyan vizsgálati módszertan keresésére, amely az előbb említett nehézségeket áthidalja, klinikailag mégis releváns és széles körben elfogadtatható eredménnyel járhat. A nemzetközi irodalomban egyre többször találkozhatunk a problem-based evidence kifejezéssel, amely az evidenciákat konkrét gyakorlati problémákból kiindulva, a felhalmozódó szakmai tudásból és tapasztalatokból nyeri, ezért a manuális szakmák kutatásait illetően számos előnyt jelenthet a randomizált vizsgálatokkal szemben. Ilyen vizsgálati metodikákkal a jelenleginél jóval szélesebb körben nyílhat lehetőség sebészi kutatások indítására és nemzetközi elfogadtatására.
Különleges eredetű feszülő légmellr
Authors: Ember Ágoston , Ittzés Balázs , Heckmann Veronika , Jegesy Andrea , László Terézia , Molnár F. Tamás
Published: December 2009

Absztrakt

Esetismertetés: Középkorú férfibeteg típusosnak induló spontán légmellesetét ismertetjük, aki bal oldali secundaer ptx miatt került felvételre. A drainage-t követő periódus eseménytelenül zajlott a harmadik napig, az érintett oldali tüdő szépen kitágult. Egy fatális véletlen folytán azonban a beteg önkényesen saját mellkasi drainjére csatlakoztatta az oxigénellátás csövét. A túlnyomás bal, majd kétoldali feszülő légmellet és subcutan emphysemát, cardiopulmonalis katasztrófát idézett elő. Az újraélesztés sikertelen volt. Szándékos önkezűséget a rendőrorvosi vizsgálat nem igazolt. Megbeszélés: Tudomásunk szerint az irodalom esetünkhöz hasonló mechanizmussal létrejött, túlnyomásos légmell esetét nem ismeri. A legközelebbi kórkép a túlnyomásos lélegeztetés során előforduló tüdősérülés és a következményes légmell lehet.
High prevalence of work-family conflict among female physicians: lack of social support as a potential antecedent
Authors: Ádám Szilvia
Published: December 2009

A stresszelmélet szerint a munkahelyi és munkahelyen kívüli támogatás (az úgynevezett társas támogatás) befolyásolhatja a munkahelyi és családi szerepek közötti konfliktus szintjét. Annak ellére, hogy a munkahely-család konfliktus – a stressz egyik forrása – nagyon gyakori orvosnők körében, nem áll rendelkezésre empirikus adat a munkahely-család konfliktus és a társas támogatás közötti kapcsolatról olyan tradicionális és családcentrikus társadalomban, ahol a női szerepekkel szembeni elvárások magasak. A szerző feltételezte, hogy az orvosnők gyakori munkahely-család konfliktusának hátterében a társas támogatás hiánya húzódik meg.
Célkitűzés:
A társas támogatás pszichoszociális jellemzőinek és gyakoriságának, valamint a munkahely-család konfliktussal való kapcsolatának feltárása orvosnők körében.
Módszer:
Kvantitatív és kvalitatív vizsgálat önkitöltős kérdőívekkel (
N
= 420) és mélyinterjúkkal (
N
= 123) orvosnők és férfi orvosok körében.
Eredmények:
A munkahely-család konfliktus szintje és prevalenciája szignifikánsan magasabb volt orvosnők körében (
N
= 219), mint férfiaknál (
N
= 201). Az orvosok leggyakrabban munkahelyfüggő munkahely-család konfliktusról számoltak be, de szignifikánsan több orvosnő jelentett családfüggő munkahely-család konfliktust és stresszalapú munkahely-család konfliktust, mint férfi (39% vs. 18% és 68% vs. 20%). Szignifikánsan több férfi orvos számolt be időalapú munkahely-család konfliktusról a nőkhöz képest. Az interjúk tartalmi analízise a társas támogatás alábbi formáit tárta fel orvosok körében: szülői támogatás a pályaválasztásban, partneri támogatás a házimunkában, munkatársi támogatás (példaképek/mentorok kijelölése, a nemi egyenlőség fenntartása), valamint szervezeti támogatás (például családbarát szabályzatok megteremtése). Az orvosnők szignifikánsan kevesebb szülői, partneri és munkatársi támogatásról számoltak be, mint a férfiak. Azok az orvosnők, akik nem részesültek szülői, munkatársi vagy szervezeti támogatásban, szignifikánsan magasabb munkahely-család konfliktust jelentettek azokhoz képest, akik részesültek ilyen típusú támogatásban. Lineáris regressziós analízisekben a magas munkahelyi követelmények és munkateher, a munkahelyi stressz, a nagy gyerekszám, a fiatalabb életkor és a munkahelyi támogatás hiánya bizonyultak a munkahely-család konfliktus legerősebb prediktorainak (R
2
0,59).
Következtetések:
A társas – különösképpen a szülői, munkatársi és szervezeti – támogatás hiánya fontos patogenetikai szerepet játszhat a munkahelyi és családi szerepek közötti konfliktus kialakulásában orvosnők körében.
Follow-up our patients with proximal humeral fractures between 2000 and 2005
Authors: Bauer Ottó , Horváth István , Kelemen Péter , Hepp Balázs
Published: December 2009

A szerzők 2000-ben új módszert vezettek be osztályukon a felkar proximalis végének műtéti ellátására. A vállízület anatómiai adottságai olyanok, hogy különös hangsúlyt kap az ízületet burkoló lágy részek védelme, a minimálisan invazív műtéti technika. Ugyanakkor az időskorban jelentkező osteoporosis megnehezíti a csontegyesítő műtétet, a szövődmények aránya a leggondosabb ellátás mellett is magas. Hat év anyagát összegyűjtve a szerzők visszarendelték operált betegeiket, fizikális és röntgenvizsgálat végzése után eredményeiket Constant-score alapján értékelték. Külön értékelték szövődményeiket a tekintetben, hogy azok milyen mértékben befolyásolhatók a műtéti módszerrel, vagy függetlenek attól. Az egyik leggyakoribb szövődmény a rögzítő fémanyagok elvándorlása, a törés ismételt elmozdulása. Ennek megakadályozására – a külföldön kifejlesztett módszereket a szerzők a hazai gyakorlat számára túlságosan költségesnek találva – a hazai gyártású Kurucz-féle menetes tűződrótot alkalmazták. Következtetéseikben megállapítják, hogy az alkalmazott implantátum a célnak megfelel, a szövetkímélő műtéti eljárástól elvárt eredményeket hozza. Mindemellett nem tekinthetjük a súlyosan poroticus vállízületi töréseket megoldottnak. A felkarfejnekrózisok magas aránya a módszertől független szövődmény. Azok kezelésére a vállízületi endoprotetika szélesebb körű alkalmazása szükséges.
The importance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in adolescent hypertension
Authors: Páll Dénes , Juhász Mária , Katona Éva , Lengyel Szabolcs , Komonyi Éva , Fülesdi Béla , Paragh György
Published: December 2009

A serdülőkori hypertonia prevalenciája növekszik. A hazai epidemiológiai vizsgálat 2,5%-os, míg a legújabb nemzetközi eredmény 4,5%-os gyakoriságot jelez. A jelenleg elérhető európai ajánlás a diagnózis felállításához ismételt eseti méréseket tart szükségesnek, nem követeli meg az ambuláns vérnyomás-monitorozás elvégzését. Az elmúlt években a serdülőkori ambuláns vérnyomás-monitorozással kapcsolatosan számos adat látott napvilágot. Bizonyított, hogy eredményei jobban korrelálnak a célszervkárosodásokkal, mint az eseti mérések. Az ismételt mérések alapján hypertoniásnak minősített fiatalok 21–47%-ánál a 24 órás monitorozás normotoniát bizonyított, vagyis fehérköpeny-hypertonia igazolható. Szintén e módszerrel lehetséges a maszkírozott hypertonia felismerése, amelynek gyakorisága 7–11%-ra tehető. Szekunder hypertonia gyanúja esetén is hasznos adatokat nyerhetünk. Az új európai konszenzus megjelenéséig is célszerű serdülőkorban szélesebb körben élni az ambuláns vérnyomás-monitorozás nyújtotta lehetőségekkel, fontos az eseti mérések alapján felállított diagnózis megerősítése. Fehérköpeny-, illetve maszkírozott hypertonia gyanúja, célszervkárosodás igazolódása, valamint terápiarezisztens hypertonia esetén is feltétlen ajánlott az elvégzése. Serdülőkorban vérnyomáscsökkentő gyógyszeres kezelés indítása előtt a szerzők mindenképpen szükségesnek tartják az ambuláns vérnyomás-monitorozás elvégzését.
Methods for the analysis of large gene deletions and their application in some monogenic disorders
Authors: Gergics Péter , Tőke Judit , Szilágyi Ágnes , Szappanos Ágnes , Kender Zoltán , Barta György , Tóth Miklós , Igaz Péter , Rácz Károly , Patócs Attila
Published: December 2009

Számos monogénesen öröklődő kórképben a betegséget okozó gén teljes vagy részleges deletiója, illetve kópiaszámának megváltozása patogenetikai tényezőként jön számításba. A direkt DNS-szekvenálás nem alkalmas a gén nagy deletiójának, illetve kópiaszám-változásának kimutatására. Az összefoglalóban a szerzők áttekintik a nagy géndeletio vizsgálómódszereit, és két, monogénesen öröklődő betegségben végzett saját vizsgálataik példáján keresztül bemutatják a módszerek gyakorlati alkalmazásának lehetőségeit. Vázolják a géndeletio-vizsgálat hagyományos (kromoszóma-sávtechnika, Southern-blot, fluoreszcens in situ hibridizáció) és polimeráz láncreakcióra alapozott módszereit (denaturáló nagy felbontóképességű folyadékkromatográfia, kvantitatív valós idejű polimeráz láncreakció, mikroszatellitamarker-analízis, multiplex amplifikálhatópróba-hibridizáció, multiplex ligatióspróba-analízis), valamint a technikai és informatikai haladás legújabb vívmányait (komparatív genomhibridizálás, „array” analízis). Saját vizsgálataikban von Hippel–Lindau-szindrómában szenvedő betegekben kvantitatív valós idejű polimeráz láncreakció és multiplex ligatióspróba-amplifikálás alkalmazásával bemutatják a
VHL,
illetve congenitalis adrenalis hyperplasiás betegekben a
CYP21A2
géndeletio-vizsgálat eredményeit és ezek klinikai jelentőségét.
A note on generalized twisted fields and autotopisms of translation planes
Authors: Alali Mashhour , Tarawneh Sahem
Published: December 2009

The first part of this paper is a discussion of autotopism groups of certain translation planes. The second part shows that there is a certain class of semifields of order
q4
having nuclei of order
q2
, and their translation planes are not desarguesian and not isomorphic to generalized twisted field planes.
An asymptotic formula for a class of approximation processes of King’s type
Authors: Agratini Octavian
Published: December 2009

In this paper we present a general class of linear positive operators of discrete type reproducing the third test function of Korovkin theorem. In a certain weighted space it forms an approximation process. A Voronovskaja-type result is established and particular cases are analyzed.
Embedding semilattices of subspaces of vector spaces
Authors: Juhász Máté , Pongrácz András
Published: December 2009

Let V be a left vector space over the division ring D and let dim DV = κ. Let (SubV; ∩) and (Sub V; +) denote the meet-semilattice and join-semilattice of the subspaces of V, respectively. We prove that for κ finite (Sub V; ∩) embeds into (Sub V; +) if and only if D embeds into Dop. We show that the similar statement holds for every infinite κ if and only if it holds for κ = ℵ0. For vector spaces over fields we obtain that (Sub V; ∩) always embeds into (Sub V; +).
A note on overtwisted contact structures
Authors: Yilmaz El.if
Published: December 2009

In this note, we use the recent work of Honda-Kazez-Matić [3] to prove that a closed contact 3-manifold admitting a compatible open book decomposition with a nontrivial monodromy which can be presented as a product of left handed Dehn twists is overtwisted.
Correlation between Facial Morphology and Esthetics in Patients with Repaired Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Russell K. A. , Tompson B.
Published: December 2009

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were correlations between anthropometric nasolabial measurements and subjective assessments of nasal esthetics in individuals with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP).

Participants:

The sample consisted of 28 individuals with repaired CUCLP and 20 age- and gender-matched individuals without clefts.

Outcome Measures:

Nasolabial morphology was assessed using 2D and 3D measurements made on frontal photographs, lateral cephalometric radiographs, and plaster nose casts. A panel of orthodontists rated nasal esthetics from frontal, lateral, three-quarter, and basal view photographs and plaster nose casts using visual analog scales, and they also order ranked the nose casts. Based on the nasal esthetics ratings and rankings, two groups that had the best and the worst esthetics representing the extremes of nasolabial esthetics were statistically identified. Measurements were compared between the cleft and noncleft and the best and worst groups using t tests and analysis of variance.

Results:

Differences in anthropometric measurements between the groups were identified. The columellar width and nose base and nasolabial angles significantly differed between the best and worst groups (p < .05). Differences in panel ratings of nasolabial esthetics between the best and worst groups were statistically detected using lateral and three-quarter view photographs (p < .05).

Conclusions:

Although morphologic differences between the cleft and noncleft and between the best and worst groups were identified, the slight morphologic differences noted were not sufficient to explain the subjective esthetic evaluation by the panel.
Future declines of the binational Laurentian Great Lakes fisheries: the importance of environmental and cultural change
Authors: Rothlisberger John D , Lodge David M , Cooke Roger M , Finnoff David C
Published: December 2009

It is increasingly clear that future long‐term environmental challenges (eg climate change) are being driven by economic and cultural choices, as well as by physical and biological mechanisms. We looked at the extent to which these apply to potential future changes in fisheries in the Laurentian Great Lakes. These fisheries rank among the most valuable freshwater fisheries in the world, but have declined markedly in recent decades. To investigate how these fisheries might develop in the future, we elicited projections from experts in fisheries and related fields. Experts provided assessments on variables relating to US and Canadian commercial (pounds landed) and sport (participation and expenditures) fisheries for the years 2006 and 2025. We measured each expert's ability to quantify their uncertainty, producing performance‐weighted combinations of expert estimates. All experts expected commercial fisheries to decline from 2006 to 2025, with greater declines in the US (25%) than in Canada (9%). Expectations for sport fishing differed more between lakes and less between countries, with median expected declines ranging from 1% to 13%. Experts attributed expected declines primarily to changes in economic market demands and shifts in societal interests. Increased attention to social and economic trends could aid Laurentian Great Lakes fishery policy and management.
Guiding concepts for park and wilderness stewardship in an era of global environmental change
Authors: Hobbs Richard J , Cole David N , Yung Laurie , Zavaleta Erika S , Aplet Gregory H , Chapin F Stuart , Landres Peter B , Parsons David J , Stephenson Nathan L , White Peter S , Graber David M , Higgs Eric S , Millar Constance I , Randall John M , Tonnessen Kathy A , Woodley Stephen
Published: December 2009

The major challenge to stewardship of protected areas is to decide where, when, and how to intervene in physical and biological processes, to conserve what we value in these places. To make such decisions, planners and managers must articulate more clearly the purposes of parks, what is valued, and what needs to be sustained. A key aim for conservation today is the maintenance and restoration of biodiversity, but a broader range of values are also likely to be considered important, including ecological integrity, resilience, historical fidelity (ie the ecosystem appears and functions much as it did in the past), and autonomy of nature. Until recently, the concept of “naturalness” was the guiding principle when making conservation‐related decisions in park and wilderness ecosystems. However, this concept is multifaceted and often means different things to different people, including notions of historical fidelity and autonomy from human influence. Achieving the goal of nature conservation intended for such areas requires a clear articulation of management objectives, which must be geared to the realities of the rapid environmental changes currently underway. We advocate a pluralistic approach that incorporates a suite of guiding principles, including historical fidelity, autonomy of nature, ecological integrity, and resilience, as well as managing with humility. The relative importance of these guiding principles will vary, depending on management goals and ecological conditions.
Successful Implementation of Horizontal Openhole Gravel Packing in the Stybarrow Field, Offshore Western Australia
Authors: Napalowski Ralf , Hill Robin , Stomp Robert , Fagervik Egil , Derkach Edward , Manning David
Published: December 2009

Key sandface completion challenges were faced in the selection, design, planning, and execution phases of the openhole horizontal gravel-pack completions in the deepwater Stybarrow field, offshore Western Australia. Only limited technical experience and infrastructure were available in the country to support such a complex operation. Additionally, the lateral reservoir-quality variations and challenging sand/shale heterogeneities have necessitated an early focus on appropriate reservoir-drilling-fluid (RDF) design, detailed sand-screen selection, and gravel-pack modeling to minimize premature screenout during gravel packing and to ensure minimal formation damage.

This paper documents the multidisciplinary approach that commenced during the field-appraisal and data-acquisition stages to derive the sand-management plan and that culminated in the successful implementation of four horizontal openhole gravel packs. A novel RDF design, extensive formation-damage testing, and the selection of the circulating gravel-packing technique have led to the successful sand-control implementation, with pack factors in excess of 100%. Attention to detail during detailed design, extensive contingency planning, and diligent execution were major contributing factors in delivering high-quality wells capable of producing as per basis of well design, proved by early production performance. The Stybarrow development represents the first successful implementation of horizontal openhole gravel packing in Australia.
Campus Involvement, Perceived Campus Connection, and Alcohol Use in College Athletes
Authors: Brenner James W. , Metz Stacie M. , Brenner Christina J.
Published: December 2009

This research study examined the relationship of college athletes' levels of campus involvement and campus connection to their alcohol use. A survey measuring alcohol use, campus involvement and campus connection was administered to 720 athletes at nine institutions. Participants who reported having 5 or more drinks on one occasion in the past two weeks had higher levels of campus connection than those who did not report that level of alcohol consumption; but, conversely these college athletes also reported lower levels of campus involvement. It is suggested that increasing campus involvement of college athletes could be an effective strategy to reduce high-risk alcohol use by college athletes and possibly even college students as a whole.
Assessing Police Community Readiness to Work on Youth Access and Possession of Tobacco
Authors: Kunz Charlotte B. , Jason Leonard A. , Adams Monica , Pokorny Steven B.
Published: December 2009

Researchers are only beginning to investigate how to measure a community's readiness to engage in an intervention. In this study, we investigated the readiness of police departments to deal with tobacco policies about youth access to tobacco and youth possession of tobacco. Police officers in 24 towns completed structured interviews designed to assess each police department's community readiness to enforce tobacco sales and possession laws. Community readiness ratings were compared to outcome measures in the community, such as tobacco sales and possession enforcement activity, youth knowledge of such activities, and youth reports of smoking history. Higher readiness ratings on the youth tobacco possession enforcement scale was related to higher youth possession citation rates, higher number of youth reporting knowing someone who received a possession ticket, and a smaller number of youth reporting seeing minors smoking in their community. Youth in communities with higher possession readiness ratings in Efforts and Knowledge Regarding the Efforts had lower reports of youth reporting ever having smoked. Higher readiness ratings in the Leadership dimension of tobacco sales enforcement was related to lower tobacco commercial sales rates in the community. Higher tobacco sales readiness ratings in the Efforts, Knowledge Regarding the Efforts, and Knowledge Regarding the Problem dimensions were related to a lower number of youth reporting ever having smoked. The implications of these findings are discussed.