bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leben wir in einer Angstgesellschaft?
Authors: Lübke Christiane
Published: May 2019

Christiane Lübke beleuchtet in ihrem Beitrag die Sorgen und Ängste der Menschen in Deutschland. Ihre Analysen mit den Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels zeigen zunächst, dass sich die Menschen seit einigen Jahren zuallererst um die Themen Zuwanderung und Sicherheit sorgen, während sich ökonomische Sorgen aktuell auf einem historischen Tiefstand befinden. Im Zeitverlauf lässt sich, anders als häufig behauptet, kein genereller Anstieg der Sorgen feststellen, der es rechtfertigen würde, von einer Angstgesellschaft zu sprechen. Vielmehr unterliegen die untersuchten gesellschaftsbezogenen Sorgen Schwankungen, die sich meist mit bestimmten gesellschaftlichen Entwicklungen und Ereignissen (wie die aktuelle Flüchtlingszuwanderung) erklären lassen. Starke Sorgenanstiege hat es bereits in früheren Jahren gegeben, und meist sind die Sorgen in den Folgejahren auch wieder zurückgegangen. Insgesamt lassen die Ergebnisse starke Zweifel an der populären Diagnose Angstgesellschaft aufkommen.
Die rechte Mitte?
Authors: Hertel Florian R. , Esche Frederike
Published: May 2019

Der politische Erfolg rechter Parteien und Bewegungen in den letzten Jahren motivierte eine Vielzahl sozialwissenschaftlicher Studien zur näheren Bestimmung ihrer Wählerschaft und Sympathisanten. Dabei stehen sich unterschiedliche Erklärungszusammenhänge gegenüber, die entweder auf die objektive soziale Lage oder die subjektive Verunsicherung abzielen. Unser Beitrag bietet eine differenzierte sozialstrukturelle Standortbestimmung der politischen Rechten. Zudem untersuchen wir mit quer- und längsschnittlichen Verfahren die relative Erklärungskraft objektiver wie subjektiver Faktoren bei der Erklärung rechter politischer Parteiidentifikation und testen ob subjektive Verunsicherungen rechte Parteiidentifikation erklären kann. Wir zeigen, dass objektive Lage und subjektive Faktoren unabhängig voneinander die Wahrscheinlichkeit, sich mit rechten Parteien zu identifizieren, beeinflussen. Somit greifen Erklärungen, die nur auf objektiven oder subjektiven Einflussfaktoren basieren, zu kurz.
Sztuka bez końca
Authors: Fer Briony
Published: May 2019

-
Latin American Popular Art in a Museum: How Things Become Art
Authors: Sanfuentes Olaya
Published: May 2019

In 1943 when Universidad de Chile celebrated its centennial all Latin American nations were invited to participate in the commemorative events. One of the most interesting was the Exhibition of American Popular Art at the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes(National Museum of Fine Arts) which brought together the objects from participating countries. The Universidad de Chile´s invitation asked countries to send functional objects that were part of the people´s daily lives. The exhibition was very successful, critically acclaimed, and highly attended. But above all, it planted the seed for what was to become the Museo de Artes Populares Americanas(American Popular Art Museum) functioning to this day.In this essay I would like to highlight a series of contexts, actors and institutions behind the phenomena: specific incarnations of Pan Americanism during the Second World War; the Latin American perspective in general and in particular, the Chilean perspective of the university´s role in society; the new value of Latin American arts since the 20thcentury. These contexts and events are useful to shed light on the “social life” of the objects that were part of the exhibition and they also help us to understand a dynamic definition of art which emerged from the recognition of craft in use as worthy of exhibition in a National Fine Arts Museum and then to remain at the permanent collection of a popular art museum.The radical importance of this essay is that it constitutes an example of a thing which represents not just art but also other values. In a midst of the World War II, Latin American Popular Art represented peace. The objects of the exhibition were seen as incarnations of Latin American cultural identity and historiography has gone on to view Latin American culture as a specific contribution to peace effort.
Materialność świetlnego zapisu – o rzeczach w dorobku Jerzego Lewczyńskiego
Authors: Kobylińska-Bunsch Weronika
Published: May 2019

The popularity of Jerzy Lewczyński (1924-2014) coincided with the academic interest in the problem of archive, corresponding to Lewczyński’s program of the “archeology of photography,” developed in the 1970s. Lewczyński’s idea consisted in restoring Kantor’s “reality of the lowest rank,” i.e. the rejected microhistories hidden in the anonymous and the forgotten or taken out of an ashtray at the Warsaw Central train station. Today, however, one tends to forget that Lewczyński’s gesture of artistic legitimization did not aim at giving new meanings, but above all at blurring the boundary between everyday items and those which emerged from some kind of “aesthetic situation” (Maria Gołaszewska). This aspect of his art can be seen, e. g, in his visual journal, where the artist included objects of particular importance – next to Xerox copies of his own works or works of other artists, he placed also shopping receipts. Lewczyński equaled the value of cheap receipt paper with the noble velvety quality of bromine. He did not reduce his collected items to their aesthetic function, having rejected the institutionalized idea of the artifact as a work of art to enjoy by the audience. Anticipating the postulates of Bruno Latour, instead of showing objects appropriated by the power of the gaze, he presented actors: things that asked questions on their own.
A química dos refrigerantes em uma abordagem experimental e contextualizada para o ensino médio
Authors: Da Silva Junior Walmir Araújo , Pires Diego Arantes Teixeira
Published: May 2019

As atividades práticas podem trazer vários benefícios para as aulas de Ciências, isso quando bem planejadas, contextualizadas e abordadas de uma forma investigativa. Este trabalho traz uma proposta de atividade experimental para alunos de ensino médio, e visa associar o cotidiano do aluno aos conteúdos de Química ministrados em sala de aula. Como material experimental na atividade elaborada, foram usados diferentes tipos de refrigerantes, por estarem diretamente ligados ao dia a dia dos alunos e por serem do conhecimento de todos. Por meio da experimentação realizada, foi possível abordar uma série de conteúdos que devem ser ministrados durante o Ensino Médio, como soluções. O experimento proposto foi testado e avaliado com alunos do Ensino Médio e também com alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Química, mostrando-se como uma boa alternativa a ser utilizada em sala de aula.
Integrable generators of Lie algebras of vector fields on ℂ
n
Authors: Andrist Rafael B.
Published: May 2019

There exist three vector fields with complete polynomial flows on

ℂ
n

{\mathbb{C}^{n}}

,

n
≥
2

{n\geq 2}

, which generate the Lie algebra generated by all algebraic vector fields on

ℂ
n

{\mathbb{C}^{n}}

with complete polynomial flows. In particular, the flows of these vector fields generate a group that acts infinitely transitively.
The analogous result holds in the holomorphic setting.
Sublinear elliptic problems under radiality. Harmonic NA groups and Euclidean spaces
Authors: Damek Ewa , Ghardallou Zeineb
Published: May 2019

Let

ℒ

{\mathcal{L}}

be the Laplace operator on

ℝ
d

{\mathbb{R}^{d}}

,

d
≥
3

{d\geq 3}

, or the Laplace–Beltrami operator on the harmonic NA group (in particular, on a rank one noncompact symmetric space). For the equation

ℒ
⁢
u

-

φ
⁢

(
⋅
,
u
)

=
0

{\mathcal{L}u-\varphi(\,\cdot\,,u)=0}

we
give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of entire
bounded or large solutions under the hypothesis of
radiality of φ with respect to the first variable.
A Harnack-type inequality for positive continuous solutions is also proved.
Hat die Fehlallokation von Produktionsfaktoren zur Produktivitätsschwäche in Deutschland beigetragen?
Authors: Jannsen Nils
Published: May 2019

Productivity growth in many advanced economies has decelerated in the last decades. There is increasing evidence that the misallocation of production function has contributed to the weakness in productivity. Factors behind this misallocation could include low interest rates or credit booms. In this paper, I evaluate the most recent findings on the impact of misallocation of production factors on productivity and assess their role for the weakness in productivity growth in Germany. Overall, the misallocation of production factors seem to have been less important in Germany than in other advanced economies. Behind the backdrop of the low interest environment has been in place for an extended period of time, the risks that productivity growth is damped due to the misallocation of production factors is increasing.
Tiempo y espacio en el cruce entre filosofía y música en el pensamiento de Theodor W. Adorno en la década de 1960
Authors: Hervás Muñoz Marina
Published: May 2019

Este texto analiza la importancia del espacio y el tiempo en la filosofía de Theodor W. Adorno en sus últimos textos (algunos aún sin publicar). Primero se traza el giro que dio su pensamiento a partir de 1957, debido a la crítica de H-K. Metzger. Adorno no solo revisa a partir de ella su postura en aspectos musicológicos, sino que la música le lleva a reflexionar sobre la relación dialéctica entre lo estático y lo dinámico, cómo se articula la tensión entre lo sonoro y la imagen y cómo ambos elementos inciden en una configuración del tiempo no representativa, es decir, no reducida a la narrativa lineal. Esto le permite repensar la causalidad y, también, las metáforas visuales comúnmente utilizadas en la comprensión del tiempo. Esto es clave para comprender, entre otras cosas, su crítica a la búsqueda de invariantes o la pregunta por la Ungegenständlichkeit en su Negative Dialektik.
ADÁN VILLAMARÍN, C.: Feminicidio. Unha nova orde patriarcal en tempos de submisión, Galaxia, col. Feminismos, Vigo, 2018, 186p.
Authors: Lopez Souto Africa Beatriz
Published: May 2019

Reséñase este ensaio da colección Feminismos da ed. Galaxia que acaba de comezar. Nel ofrécese o marco teórico do concepto de feminicidio que a autora propón como un novo instrumento para procurar explicar a violencia patriarcal que está instalada na sociedade actual (como nas doutras épocas, pero con características singulares). Cunha linguaxe próxima á persoa lectora, que de seguido se sinte interpelada, ofrécense interesantes panorámicas sobre epistemoloxía feminista, lexislación, reflexións sobre diversos usos da linguaxe neste tema e as súas implicacións, etc.
DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN SCHOOL AND EDUCATIONAL AFFAIR AS A BASIS OF PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION OF THE YOUTH OF UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX-TH CENTURY
Authors: DZHUS OKSANA
Published: May 2019

The formation and development of the Ukrainian school and educational affair as the basis for the professional training of Ukrainian youth in the Western countries in the second half of the XX-th century is examined in the article. The emphasis was given to the complexity and multiplicity of this process, which was caused by the socioeconomic and educational policies of the states, which became a new homeland for the Ukrainians, geography and compactness of their resettlement, employment in the different branches of the economy, the presence in the diaspora of the professional intelligentsia, its national awareness, the state religious life, etc. Accordingly, in different countries (Germany, Great Britain, Poland, Canada, USA, Australia, Argentina), this process was different, more or less intense and had results, but it still remains an object of interest as an important support of native cultural heritage, an inexhaustible source of preserving its spirituality bearers.

The institutional forms and types of obtaining of pedagogical education by Ukrainians in the Western countries of the second half of the 20th century, the peculiarity of teaching and educational activities in different types of educational establishment and the main tendencies of the development of the Ukrainian school and educational affairs are presented. Among them: an expansion of the network of pre-school establishments, primary, secondary and high schools in connection with the arrival of emigrants to countries of Western Europe, America and Australia; public uniting efforts of leading Ukrainian public associations in preserving the national identity and spirituality of Ukrainians born outside Ukraine's native land; development of scientifically grounded, adapted to the needs and conditions of Ukrainians living in the diaspora of the theory of teaching and national education of younger generations; improving the content of studying and educational process in all types of schools, bringing it to the standards of the existing state education system and the increased requirements of economic and cultural life of the countries that have become a new homeland for Ukrainians.
Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Chiarelli Catherine
Published: May 2019

Clinical Diagnosis: Optic Nerve Head Drusen
The efficacy of the Hiline gas permeable contact lens for the management of Keratoconus
Authors: Zhong Xingwu , Wu Richard , Tan Gang , Gong Xiangming , Yang Xiao , Dai Zuyou , Wei Ling , Li Shuxing
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To investigate the efﬁcacy of the Hiline® gas permeable contact lens (Hiline® GP) for keratoconus in clinical practice in correcting visual acuity.

Methods: 218 eyes of 126 patients with keratoconus were ﬁtted with Hiline® lenses. The ﬁt of the lenses was evaluated. Visual acuity measurements were taken with spectacle lenses and with the Hiline lenses. The period of follow-up to observe for complications ranged from 3 to 27 months.

Results: In all eyes, the Hiline® GP provided acceptable vision. There was a statistically signiﬁcant improvement in vision with the Hiline® GP compared with spectacle lenses (t=10.90, p<0.0001). Initial evaluation showed that 169 lenses (77.52%) demonstrated a three-pointtouch relationship with the cornea 38 lenses (17.43%) had an apical clearance relationship with the cornea and 11 lenses (5.05%) had an apical bearing relationship. No severe complications were observed.

Conclusions: Using corneal topography as a guide, a high success rate was achieved with the Hiline® GP design. It is easy to reach the ideal ﬁt and to improve the visual acuity. These indicate the usefulness of Hiline® lens in clinical practice.
Competency Corner, Part One: Optometrists – What do we do?
Authors: Winslade T , Winslade N , Chou R , Burbine S , Hawkins B , Ryall L
Published: May 2019

In 2001 the Canadian Examiners of Optometry mandated the Competence Committee to describe the competencies required of Canadian Optometrists to provide safe and effective optometric care. The goal of this work was to provide a framework for revision of the Canadian Standard Assessment in Optometry so that questions on this exam could be directly linked to the practise-requirements of Canadian Optometrists. Work from the World Health Organization (WHO) provided an excellent foundation for the Competence Committee’s deliberations, emphasizing that Optometrists have professional responsibilities beyond providing eye and vision care. The Competence Committee followed WHO’s framework and identiﬁed four critical roles of Optometrists. These roles relate to: i. providing eye and vision care; ii. collaborating with and referring to other health care providers; iii. managing their practice, and; iv. educating within their profession. A second set of general attributes was also identiﬁed. These general attributes are needed to successfully perform the majority of the professional competencies. The Competence Committee identiﬁed ﬁve underlying general attributes: knowledge, reasoning and skills; planning and implementation; communication; values and ethics; and, selfdirected learning. The next article in this four part series provides the detailed descriptions of these professional competencies and underlying general attributes required of Canadian Optometrists.
Optometric Care of the Patient with Diabetes 2008: A Core Document of the Canadian Association of Optometrists
Authors: Koltun Len
Published: May 2019

The objective of this document is to provide the reader with an overview of the epidemic of diabetes currently facing Canada and the morbidity and mortality associated with this growing healthcare burden. Specifically, an evidence based, patient centered, cost effective role of the optometrist in the eye care of Canadians with diabetes will be presented.
Diagnostic clinique
Authors: Lam Norris , Hrynchak Patricia
Published: May 2019

Diagnostic clinique: PSEUDO-TROU MACULAIRE OU TROU LAMELLAIRE MACULAIRE
Caractéristiques et traitements du kératocône
Authors: Simard Patrick , Giasson Claude
Published: May 2019

La présente revue de littérature traite du kératocône, un amincissement progressif de la cornée. Le kératocône induit habituellement de l’astigmatisme irrégulier de sorte que les patients les plus affectés ont une acuité visuelle diminuée limitant ainsi la correction à l’aide de lentilles ophtalmiques. La CLEK (Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus) est une étude effectuée dans plusieurs centres dans le but de décrire l’évolution et les associations entre les manifestations visuelles et physiologiques des kératocônes. Étant donné que le traitement du kératocône varie selon la sévérité, le présent article propose un sommaire des résultats du CLEK et un survol des options thérapeutiques.
Delayed Visual Maturation – A Clinical Case
Authors: Corbeil Marie-Eve
Published: May 2019

A first eye examination is performed on a two and a half month old patient who presents with no visual response to fixation or to pursuing a target or a light despite an unremarkable ocular health assessment. This temporary eye condition is known as Delayed Visual Maturation (DVM).

Conclusion: A subsequent eye examination was performed at age five and a half months only to reveal that the child’s visual behaviour was now considered to be appropriate for his age. The diagnosis of DVM remains a diagnosis of exclusion and requires a comprehensive eye examination, electrodiagnostic testing and imaging techniques which may eventually include MRI.
Le retard de maturation visuelle; un cas clinique
Authors: Corbeil Marie-Eve
Published: May 2019

Lors de son premier examen visuel complet, le patient de deux mois et demi ne fixe pas et ne suit pas la cible ou la lumière présentée et ce, malgré un examen visuel normal. Cette condition temporaire est appelée retard de maturation visuelle.

Conclusion: À cinq mois et demi, le comportement visuel de l’enfant s’est normalisé. Le retard de maturation visuelle est un diagnostic d’exclusion qui nécessite un examen oculo-visuel complet, des tests électrodiagnostiques et si requis, d’imagerie par résonance magnétique.
Nutrition and Behavior as it Applies to Systemic and Ocular Disease
Authors: Alexander Larry J
Published: May 2019

Nutrition and Behavior as it Applies to Systemic and Ocular Disease
Plasticité et substitution sensorielle
Authors: Giasson Claude J , Casanova Christian
Published: May 2019

Plasticité et substitution sensorielle
Third Party/Managed Care – An objective analysis
Authors: North Kirsten
Published: May 2019

Third Party/Managed Care – An objective analysis
Incidence du régime alimentaire et du mode de vie sur les affections systémiques et oculaires
Authors: Alexander Larry
Published: May 2019

Incidence du régime alimentaire et du mode de vie sur les affections systémiques et oculaires
Managing patients at risk for age-related macular degeneration: a Canadian strategy
Authors: Somani Sohel , Hoskin-Mott Ann , Mishra Adit , Bois Alain , Book Brian H , Chute Mark , Gaucher Ronald , Winter Barry
Published: May 2019

Background: To develop a consensus strategy for the management of patients at risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) for Canadian ophthalmologists, optometrists and physicians.

Methods: Development of a consensus strategy began with a review of the literature and existing guidelines. A panel of retina specialists, ophthalmologists, and optometrists from across Canada assessed this evidence to distill what was learned and use this knowledge as the basis for developing a consensus strategy for managing patients at risk of AMD.

Results: The expert panel has developed a series of recommendations for Canadian eyecare providers (eg. ophthalmologists, optometrists) and physicians to adopt as a preventive strategy for patients at risk of AMD.

Interpretation: This consensus strategy is a practical guideline that can be adopted in the office setting to manage patients at risk of AMD and to advise patients with questions and concerns about AMD.
Relative usefulness of the Bayer ratio as an indicator of the hardness of different coatings
Authors: Frenette Benoît , Lucea Valentina
Published: May 2019

Purpose: To show that with better performance of scratch-resistant coatings on plastic lenses, the use of the Bayer ratio does not appropriately discriminate between recently introduced products.

Methods: Nine groups of 5 to 10 CR-39 lenses were ordered with various scratch-resistant treatments. All the lenses underwent the Bayer test on the same apparatus. Haze was measured using a Cary5000 spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere.

Results: The lens groups with the latest generation of anti-scratch treatments show a significant decrease in diffusion. The variability of the Bayer ratio increases depending on whether the quotient is obtained by calculating the ratio using the minimal haze values or the maximum haze values. When the Bayer ratio is greater than 10, it no longer discriminates between the products satisfactorily.

Conclusions: This test, or others, will inevitably have to be refined to increase precision and give a better perspective of the quality of the next generation of scratch-resistant coatings.
Conjunctival trauma following inadvertent use of nail glue containing cyanoacrylate, leads to patient education pamphlet
Authors: Bitton Etty
Published: May 2019

Similarities in packaging, bottle size and cap design of nail glue with ophthalmic products has led to patient confusion and inadvertent use of nail glue causing ocular trauma both in the adult and pediatric population. Despite efforts and pressures from several reports, little has been achieved with respect to unregulated health and beauty products. This case report describes a conjunctival trauma caused by inadvertent use of nail glue and highlights the importance of patient education. Basic precautions, such as reading the label of ophthalmic medication under proper lighting and with adequate correction coupled with the segregation of ophthalmic products from others in the medicine cabinet, could prevent ocular injury. To this end, an awareness pamphlet has been created to bring further awareness to this issue.
Diabetes and Aboriginal vision health / Le diabète et la santé oculaire des Autochtones
Authors: Chris Paul
Published: May 2019

Diabetes and Aboriginal vision health / Le diabète et la santé oculaire des Autochtones
Vision, Neuroscience and Rehabilitation
Authors: Giasson Claude J , Casanova Christian
Published: May 2019

Vision, Neuroscience and Rehabilitation
Eye care for your patients with diabetes — screening, diagnosis and treatment options
Authors: Beatty Margaret
Published: May 2019

Eye care for your patients with diabetes
Observance des cédules de remplacement des lentilles jetables et des silicone hydrogels par les patients et les praticiens au Canada
Authors: Richter Dorris , Dumbleton Kathy , Guthrie Sarah , Woods Craig , Jones Lyndon , Fonn Desmond
Published: May 2019

Objet : Évaluer la fréquence de remplacement (FR) des silicone hydrogels (SH) et des lentilles cornéennes journalières jetables (JJ) au Canada recommandée actuellement par les optométristes, déterminer les taux de non-conformité aux recommandations par les optométristes et les patients, et analyser les raisons de la non-conformité.

Méthodes : Des trousses de questionnaires ont été envoyées aux optométristes au Canada qui avaient accepté de participer à l’enquête. Les patients ont répondu à des questions d’ordre démographique et à d’autres sur leurs habitudes de port de lentilles cornéennes, notamment la FR recommandée et effectivement suivie. Les optométristes devaient fournir des renseignements sur les lentilles et la FR qu’ils recommandaient. Cinquante-huit optométristes ont renvoyé 654 questionnaires, dont 578 ont pu être analysés.

Résultats : Soixante-dix pour cent des patients étaient des femmes présentant un âge médian de 32 ans. La répartition par type de lentille s’établissait comme suit : 18 % JJ, 35 % SH de deux semaines et 47 % SH d'un mois. Six pour cent des lentilles étaient à port prolongé. Les patients ont indiqué porter leurs lentilles pendant une période médiane de 12 heures par jour; dans le cas des JJ, la médiane était de cinq jours/semaine, tandis qu’elle a été de sept jours/semaine pour les SH (deux semaines et un mois). La FR recommandée par les optométristes a été différente de celle des fabricants dans 6 % des JJ, 35 % des SH de deux semaines et 2 % des SH d'un mois. Parmi les patients qui n’ont suivi ni les recommandations du fabricant ni celles de l’optométriste, 12 % portaient des JJ, 43 %, des SH de deux semaines et 31 %, des SH d'un mois. Les patients qui ne respectaient pas les recommandations avaient pour la plupart oublié quel jour ils devaient remplacer leurs lentilles. Cinquante-six pour cent des patients ont précisé qu’un système de rappel les aiderait à se conformer à la FR. Un pourcentage plus élevé de patients ont respecté la FR parce qu’ils avaient confiance dans leur optométriste.

Conclusions : En général, les optométristes ont adopté la fréquence de remplacement recommandée par les fabricants dans le cas des lentilles JJ et des SH d'un mois, mais ils ont souvent recommandé des intervalles plus longs pour les SH de deux semaines. Ce sont les porteurs de lentilles JJ qui ont le plus suivi les recommandations, mais ce sont les porteurs de SH de deux semaines qui se sont le moins conformés aux recommandations. La conformité s’accroîtrait sans doute s’il y avait un système de rappel ou si l’optométriste insistait sur les risques susceptibles de découler de la non-observation des règles.
Diabetes meds: some things old, some things new Les antidiabétiques : du vieux, du neuf
Authors: Chous Paul
Published: May 2019

Diabetes meds: some things old, some things new Les antidiabétiques : du vieux, du neuf
A Paradigm Shift in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Eltis Mark
Published: May 2019

The definition, diagnosis and management of glaucoma have changed radically over the last decade. This paper reviews recent advances in primary open angle glaucoma and how they were applied to the case of a 68-year-old patient.
Survol des principaux types de lentilles cornéennes chez les enfants aphaques âgés de moins de 5 ans
Authors: Corbeil Marie-Eve , Ganivet Amélie , Michaud Langis
Published: May 2019

L’ajustement en lentille cornéenne est souvent le premier choix pour la correction visuelle des enfants aphaques. Il existe plusieurs types de lentilles qui peuvent être ajustées avec succès pour corriger l’amétropie, stimuler adéquatement le développement visuel, mais également préserver la santé oculaire. Plusieurs facteurs sont déterminants pour le choix du type de lentille. Habituellement, la lentille initialement ajustée est en silicone élastofilcon A (Silsoft; Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, ny) avec une migration vers une lentille silicone hydrogel sur mesure avec le temps. Bien que l’ajustement chez les jeunes enfants aphaques présente de nombreux défis, les lentilles cornéennes demeurent souvent l’option de choix de la correction des amétropies après une chirurgie de cataracte congénitale. Un survol des principaux types de lentilles cornéennes disponibles pour les enfants aphaques ainsi que leurs caractéristiques sera présenté.
New Surgical Options in Glaucoma
Authors: Heckler Lisa V , Dorey Michael W , Damji Karim F
Published: May 2019

The treatment of glaucoma is undergoing constant change. In the last decade, there has been a surge of novel surgical options that aim to lower intraocular pressure while providing improved safety profiles compared to traditional incisional glaucoma surgery. This article summarizes four such options— trabectome, iStent, canaloplasty and endocyclophotocoagulation— including descriptions of the procedures and evidence behind them.
Reviewing Guidelines on Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Is there consistency amongst practitioners?
Authors: Xiaoke Li Katherine , Lovell Marge , Evans Keira , Gallego Patricia H
Published: May 2019

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common eye disease and a leading cause of visual impairment in patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Retinopathy screening for T1DM varies according to the age of disease onset and diabetes duration. Retinal screening varies from standard fundal examination to more advanced methods of screening. An online survey was conducted in February 2014. The purpose of this survey was to assess the frequency and methods of eye examinations routinely performed in children and adolescents with T1DM. Data on local practices were collected from a group of optometrists and ophthalmologists in the London-Middlesex area. One hundred and one surveys were e-mailed out and the response rate was 37.6%. Results indicated that different screening methods vary according to individual practices. These results may have an impact on the findings of retinopathy in this population. A review of utilized screening methods and comparisons to established guidelines will be highlighted.
Bilateral Inferior Altitudinal Defects Secondary to Stroke: A Case Series
Authors: Chong Stacey , :abreche Tammy , Hrynchak Patricia , Steenbakkers Michelle
Published: May 2019

Strokes or cerebrovascular accidents are the third leading cause of death in Canada, comprising 6% of all deaths in the country.1 The elderly and the very young (fetus or newborn infants) are at highest risk for having a stroke with an associated increased risk of death or lasting neurological disability.

According to the National Stroke Association recovery guidelines, 10% of stroke survivors will recover almost completely, 25% will recover with minor impairments, 40% will survive with moderate to severe impairments that require specialized care, 10% will require care in a long-term care facility, and 15% will die shortly after the stroke. The National Stroke Association estimates that there are 7 million people in the United States that have survived a stroke and are living with impairments. The Heart and Stroke Foundation’s 2013 Stroke Report has estimated that 315,000 Canadians are living with the effects of stroke. This case series serves as a reminder that, although rare, bilateral inferior altitudinal visual field defects can also occur as the result of a stroke, to highlight the difficulties of orientation and mobility that can result, and to offer potential rehabilitative strategies.
Étude de cas : Utilisation de lentilles de contact pour la prise en charge des complications suite à une intervention combinant réticulation cornéenne et kératectomie photoréfractive guidée par topographie pour la dégénérescence pellucide marginale
Authors: Yeung D , Sorbara Luigina
Published: May 2019

Ce cas décrit deux complications à long terme importantes rencontrées par une patiente après le traitement de la dégénérescence pellucide marginale (DPM). Deux ans après avoir subi une kératectomie photoréfractive guidée par topographie (T-PRK) combinée à une procédure de réticulation du collagène cornéen (CXL), la patiente continuait à éprouver des éblouissements et une sécheresse associés à une opacité stromale persistante et à un œil sec. Ces procédures ont causé une insatisfaction avec le résultat final, ce qui a conduit la patiente à utiliser des lentilles de contact pour corriger sa vision. La prise en charge des séquelles oculaires symptomatiques avec des lentilles de contact toriques souples spécialement conçues pour les cornées irrégulières a favorisé sa rééducation visuelle.
Devenir visionnaire : évaluation d’une clinique d’examen de la vue complet dans un contexte de réadaptation gériatrique
Authors: Klein Jennifer , Schmidt Cathryn , Bandali Aleem , McKenzie Ross
Published: May 2019

Dans la population adulte âgée, les déficiences visuelles sont très prévalentes, mais en grande partie non diagnostiquées. La recherche a démontré que ces déficiences alourdissent le risque de chutes, de dépression et de mortalité chez les adultes âgés. Il n’y a pas d’études portant sur l’effet de l’implantation d’une clinique d’examen de la vue en contexte hospitalier. Cette étude proposée visait à évaluer la faisabilité de demander à des optométristes communautaires d’offrir une clinique d’examen de la vue complet (EVC) afin de détecter la perte de vision en contexte de réadaptation gériatrique. Les résultats ont révélé que l’on a diagnostiqué chez quatre-vingt-trois pour cent des participants des problèmes oculovisuels détectables dont plus de la moitié n’avaient pas été diagnostiqués auparavant. Le tiers des participants n’avaient pas consulté un spécialiste des yeux depuis deux ans. La clinique d’EVC a été établie, entraînant des dépenses minimes, imposant une faible charge de travail au personnel. Elle a permis aussi de repérer d’importants problèmes oculovisuels chez de nombreux participants.
Innovations In Eye Care
Authors: Karpecki Paul
Published: May 2019

Innovations In Eye Care
La neuropathie optique ischémique antérieure bilatérale durant le traitement à l’interféron et à la ribavirine
Authors: Rinehart Jason , Stottlemyer Lisa
Published: May 2019

Le virus de l’hépatite C (HC) est un agent pathogène à transmission hématogène qui cause souvent une infection chronique du foie et expose les patients à la cirrhose, à la décompensation hépatique et au carcinome hépatocellulaire. Le traitement vise à faire disparaître le virus afin de réduire au minimum la morbidité et la mortalité causées par l’hépatite C. Comme traitement traditionnel, on utilise une combinaison interféron pégylé (IFN) et ribavirine qui cause souvent des effets secondaires à la fois systémiques et oculaires. Les hémorragies rétiniennes et les nodules cotonneux constituent les effets secondaires oculaires les plus courants, même si l’on a attribué, dans de rares cas, des événements indésirables ophtalmiques plus importants au traitement à l’IFN.

Nous discutons ici d’un cas de neuropathie optique ischémique antérieure (NOIA) bilatérale qui s’est produit au cours d’un traitement à l’IFN et à la ribavirine contre l’hépatite C de génotype 1. Nous passons en revue la pathogénèse proposée des effets secondaires oculaires de ce traitement, ainsi que la pathogénèse et les facteurs de risque associés à la NOIA même. Enfin, nous formulerons des recommandations cliniques portant sur le dépistage d’autres problèmes en sus de la rétinopathie si un patient se présente avec des complications ophtalmiques.
Dry Eye Diseases and Ocular Surgery: Practical Guidelines for Canadian Eye Care Practitioners
Authors: Karpecki Paul M. , Prokopich C. Lisa , Racine Louis , Bitton Etty , Caffery Barbara , Harasymowycz Paul , Michaud Langis , Pegado Victor D. , Dufour Jean-Sébastien , Neumann Paul , Webber Andrew , Ashkenas John
Published: May 2019

In 2014, the Canadian Dry Eye Disease Consensus Panel published Guidelines for screening, diagnosis and management of dry eye diseases (DED). These did not address the implications of DED for individuals who are being considered for or have recently undergone ocular surgery. DED is common in certain surgical cohorts, and the perisurgical setting poses specific challenges, both because surgery can complicate preexisting DED and because symptomatic and non-symptomatic DED place the patient at risk of poor surgical outcomes. The Consensus Panel has developed this Addendum to the 2014 Guidelines to offer guidance on DED care before and after ocular surgery.
Lignes directrices pratiques pour les professionnels canadiens des soins oculovisuels concernant la sécheresse oculaire et la chirurgie de l’œil
Authors: Karpecki Paul M. , Prokopich C. Lisa , Racine Louis , Bitton Etty , Caffery Barbara , Harasymowycz Paul , Michaud Langis , Pegado Victor D. , Dufour Jean-Sébastien , Neumann Paul , Webber Andrew , Ashkenas John
Published: May 2019

En 2014, le Groupe de consensus canadien sur la sécheresse oculaire a publié un document intitulé Dépistage, diagnostic et prise en charge de la sécher-esse oculaire : guide pratique à l’intention des optométristes canadiens. Ce guide pratique ne traitait pas des répercussions de la sécheresse oculaire chez les personnes en voie de subir une intervention chirurgicale de l’œil ou ayant récemment subi ce genre d’intervention. La sécheresse oculaire est courante dans certaines cohortes ayant subi une intervention chirurgicale, et le contexte périopératoire pose des problèmes précis; d’une part parce qu’une intervention chirurgicale peut compliquer une sécheresse oculaire préexistante et, d’autre part, parce la sécheresse oculaire symptomatique et asymptomatique expose le patient au risque d’obtenir des résultats chirur-gicaux médiocres. Le groupe de consensus a élaboré cet addenda au guide pratique de 2014 pour offrir des conseils sur les soins relatifs à la sécheresse oculaire avant et après une intervention chirurgicale aux yeux.
Optometric Management of a Third Nerve Palsy in a Prison Setting
Authors: Tousignant Benoît
Published: May 2019

Third nerve palsy (TNP) is a neuro-ophthalmic condition that is likely to be encountered by optometrists in various clinical settings. It affects extraocular muscles and may impair eyelid and pupil functions to various degrees. Its aetiology in adults is often linked to compressive lesions of the central nervous system or to vascular ischemic causes from systemic disease such as diabetes and hypertension. This case report presents the management of a TNP in a multidisciplinary Canadian prison setting, where the patient population is often underserved. Current practices for neuroimaging cases of TNP in a conventional clinical setting are pre-sented. The challenges and advantages of management of TNP in a prison setting are discussed, highlighting the particularities of caring for the vul-nerable patient population in the prison setting.
Gestion optométrique d’une paralysie du troisième nerf crânien dans un milieu carcéral
Authors: Tousignant Benoît
Published: May 2019

La paralysie du troisième nerf crânien (PTN) est un trouble neuro-oph-talmique que les optométristes peuvent rencontrer dans divers contextes cliniques. Elle affecte les muscles extraoculaires et peut nuire à divers degrés aux fonctions de la paupière et de la pupille. Chez les adultes, son étiologie est souvent associée à des lésions par compression du système nerveux central ou à des causes d’ischémie vasculaire découlant de mala-dies systémiques comme le diabète et l’hypertension. Le présent rapport de cas s’intéresse à la gestion d’une PTN dans un milieu carcéral canadien multidisciplinaire, milieu dans lequel la population de patients est souvent mal desservie. Il présente les pratiques actuelles en matière de neuro-imag-erie pour les cas de PTN dans un contexte clinique conventionnel. Il aborde également les enjeux et avantages de la gestion de la PTN dans un milieu carcéral, en soulignant les particularités des soins aux patients vulnérables en milieu carcéral.
Ocular Hypertension: A Review And Evidence-Based Roadmap
Authors: Rixon Andrew John
Published: May 2019

Increased intraocular pressure is arguably the most important, and currently the only modifiable, risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Ocular hypertension is often encountered by clinicians in daily practice and is expected to be seen with increasing frequency as the population ages. Awareness and understanding of the extensive research performed on this subject, with particular focus on the work of the Ocular Hypertension Study Group, are critical for comprehensively assessing the risk of conversion to glaucoma. Although management decisions can be complex, they can be aptly handled by the well-informed optometrist in consultation with their patients.
The PHQ-2 as a Screening Tool for Clinical Depression in a Primary Eye-Care Clinic
Authors: Schwartz Steven H. , DellaBella Matias , Nehmad Leon
Published: May 2019

Purpose: Screening tests for clinical depression, a highly prevalent and often disabling condition, have not been investigated in primary-care eye settings. The purpose of the present study was to determine the percent of patients in an urban primary-care eye clinic who fail the PHQ-2 screening tool. The PHQ-2 is an ultra-short screener consisting of 2 items regarding mood and anhedonia.

Methods: The two-question PHQ-2 was administered (as part of a larger questionnaire that included data on gender, age, and ethnicity) to patients seated in the Primary Care Clinic of the SUNY College of Optometry [University Eye Center] in Manhattan, NY. A total of 739 surveys were completed over a two-month period, with a completion rate of 69%. All surveys were completed anonymously, and unfinished surveys were not included in the final data set.

Results: The demographics collected in this study mirror those of the population that this clinic serves; overall very diverse, with good representation from each age group. Thirteen percent of the sample received a score of 3 or higher, the standard cutoff score for failure of the PHQ-2.

Conclusions: The failure rate on the PHQ-2 in a primary eye-care, urban population approaches that found in general medical practice, suggesting similar rates of clinical depression. Thus, the PHQ-2 may be a beneficial tool for screening for depression, however, it is important to follow-up with a referral to a mental health specialist.
Amiodarone-Associated Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Weidmayer Sara L.
Published: May 2019

A 72-year old male presented symptomatic for unilateral inferior visual field loss, but was found to have bilateral optic neuropathy. Clinical features, an extended minimally symptomatic course and a temporal relationship to amiodarone use implicated amiodarone-associated optic neuropathy.  Serial ancillary testing analyses provided insight into this entity’s natural course.  This patient developed the greatest retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in the inferior quadrant; this may correlate with anatomically larger-diameter axons, supporting a previous publication which suggested that larger-diameter optic nerve axons are more susceptible to amiodarone-induced lipidosis. While rare, amiodarone-associated optic neuropathy may develop and cause permanent loss of visual function.
Éditorial
Authors: Chou B. Ralph
Published: May 2019

L'article principal de ce numéro porte sur un modèle de prise en charge multidisciplinaire de la conjonctivite allergique.
Hiring & Managing A Millennial Workforce
Authors: Charest Trudi
Published: May 2019

The average Canadian Optometry practice is shifting. Millennial employees are quickly becoming the majority of staff in an Optometry practice. Millennials change careers more than any other previous generation so becoming a better recruiter will be a crucial business skill as you will be hiring more frequently than before.
Mhealth
Authors: Herrle Jeannette
Published: May 2019

Web-based applications (email, websites, portals) have long been the favoured digital modality for interacting with the public in health care, in part because they enable institutional control of the flow of health data. But today, smartphones are becoming the default portal in many people’s daily lives. Their presence is increasingly felt in health care, whether as a means of connecting patients with practitioners or satisfying a desire for instant access to health information.
Association canadienne des optométristes/Société canadienne d’ophtalmologie ´Énoncé de position conjoint
Authors: Optométristes Association canadienne des , D'ophtalmologie Société canadienne
Published: May 2019

La prévalence de symptômes oculaires liés aux écrans électroniques est estimée à 50 à 90 % chez les utilisateurs adultes d’écrans électroniques. ´Étant donné l’insuffisance de la littérature scientifique sur le sujet, les chiffres correspondant à la prévalence chez l’enfant ne sont pas connus. On sait néanmoins que l’utilisation des écrans électroniques est aujourd’hui plus courante chez les enfants (à la maison comme à l’école), qu’elle commence plus tôt et s’effectue sur de plus longues durées.

Les constatations sur la prévalence des symptômes liés aux écrans électroniques chez l’adulte et les lignes directrices correspondantes ne peuvent s’appliquer automatiquement aux enfants. En effet, les systèmes oculaire et physique de l’enfant diffèrent de ceux de l’adulte et sont en cours de développement. De plus, les enfants utilisent les écrans différemment et pour des tâches diverses. La présente question de principe examine la littérature disponible sur les symptômes oculaires et visuels liés à l’utilisation d’écrans électroniques chez l’enfant et propose des recommandations fondées sur des données probantes pour une utilisation sans risque. Le présent énoncé ne tient pas compte des répercussions du temps passé devant un écran sur les étapes du développement cognitif et autre de l’enfant.
Review: Ocular Complications of Mosquito-Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Segu Bhagya , Riese Nicole Auchter , Nguyen Kim Thien Hong , Leung Michael , Segu Pat
Published: May 2019

The World Health Organization estimates that 1 billion cases of infectious disease originate from vector transmission, resulting in several million deaths annually. Mosquitos are the primary vector for multiple diseases in humans that cause self-limiting to sight-threatening ocular complications and significant systemic illness. The 2015-2016 outbreak of the mosquito-borne Zika virus in North and South America brought to the forefront how quickly mosquitoes can spread disease between continents, especially among vulnerable patient populations. Optometrists should be familiar with the associated ocular complications in order to effectively diagnose, co-manage, treat, and educate patients who have been infected by mosquito-borne disease. This paper reviews the ocular manifestations of mosquito-transmitted diseases including Zika virus, West Nile virus, Malaria, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, and Dirofilaria.
L’avenir – L’optométrie perturbatrice
Authors: Angle Daryan , Larsen Grant , Ulsifer Alan , Lacoste Patrice
Published: May 2019

Le changement est la seule constante. La façon dont notre profession embrasse les perturbations sera la clé de notre avenir collectif. Le rythme des perturbations, tant dans notre monde que dans notre industrie, s’accélère, forçant les optométristes indépendants à examiner leurs pratiques en vue de répondre aux besoins changeants des clients et d’adopter la technologie, tout en assurant la sécurité des patients. Cette possibilité permet à la profession de l’optométrie de prendre les devants et de diriger le changement, plutôt que d’en être victime. L’Association canadienne des optométristes a invité quatre chefs de le de l’industrie à donner leur point de vue sur l’optométrie perturbatrice et sur la façon dont les optométristes peuvent être l’auteur des perturbations plutôt que leur victime.