bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A metabolic atlas of theKlebsiella pneumoniaespecies complex reveals lineage-specific metabolism that supports co-existence of diverse lineages
Authors: Vezina Ben , Cooper Helena B , Rethoret-Pasty Martin , Brisse Sylvain , Monk Jonathan M , Holt Kathryn E , Wyres Kelly L
Published: July 2024

TheKlebsiella pneumoniaespecies complex inhabits a wide variety of hosts and environments, and is a major cause of antimicrobial resistant infections. Genomics has revealed the population comprises multiple species/subspecies and hundreds of distinct co-circulating sub-lineages that are associated with distinct gene complements. A substantial fraction of the pan-genome is predicted to be involved in metabolic functions and hence these data are consistent with metabolic differentiation as a driver of population structure. However, this has so far remained unsubstantiated because in the past it was not possible to explore metabolic variation at scale. Here we used a combination of comparative genomics and high-throughput genome-scale metabolic modelling to systematically explore metabolic diversity across theK. pneumoniaespecies complex (n=7,835 genomes). We simulated growth outcomes for each isolate using carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur sources under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (n=1,278 conditions per isolate). We showed that the distributions of metabolic genes and growth capabilities are structured in the population, and confirmed that sub-lineages exhibit unique metabolic profiles.In vitroco-culture experiments demonstrated reciprocal commensalistic cross-feeding between sub-lineages, effectively extending the range of conditions supporting individual growth. We propose that these substrate specialisations promote the existence and persistence of co-circulating sub-lineages by reducing nutrient competition and facilitating commensal interactions via negative frequency-dependent selection. Our findings have implications for understanding the eco-evolutionary dynamics ofK. pneumoniaeand for the design of novel strategies to prevent opportunistic infections caused by this World Health Organization priority antimicrobial resistant pathogen.
Precious3GPT: Multimodal Multi-Species Multi-Omics Multi-Tissue Transformer for Aging Research and Drug Discovery
Authors: Galkin Fedor , Naumov Vladimir , Pushkov Stefan , Sidorenko Denis , Urban Anatoly , Zagirova Diana , Alawi Khadija M. , Aliper Alex , Gumerov Ruslan , Kalashnikov Aleksandr , Mukba Sabina , Pogorelskaya Aleksandra , Ren Feng , Shneyderman Anastasia , Tang Qiuqiong , Xiao Deyong , Tyshkovskiy Alexander , Ying Kejun , Gladyshev Vadim N. , Zhavoronkov Alex
Published: July 2024

We present a multimodal multi-species multi-omics multi-tissue transformer for aging research and drug discovery capable of performing multiple tasks such as age prediction across species, target discovery, tissue, sex, and disease sample classification, drug sensitivity prediction, replication of omics response and prediction of biological and phenotypic response to compound treatment. This model combines textual, tabular, and knowledge graph-derived representations of biological experiments to provide insights into molecular-level biological processes. We demonstrate that P3GPT has developed an intuition for the interactions between compounds, pathologies, and gene regulation in the context of multiple species and tissues. In these areas, it outperforms existing LLMs and we highlight its utility in diverse case studies. P3GPT is a general model that may be used as a target identification tool, aging clock, digital laboratory, and scientific assistant. The model is intended as a community resource available open source as well as via a Discord server.
A combination of the geroprotectors trametinib and rapamycin is more effective than either drug alone
Authors: Gkioni Lisonia , Nespital Tobias , Monzó Carolina , Bali Jitin , Nassr Taim , Cremer Anna Lena , Beyer Andreas , Backes Heiko , Grönke Sebastian , Partridge Linda
Published: July 2024

Genetic suppression of activity of the insulin/IGF/mTORC1/Ras network can ameliorate the effects of ageing in animals. The network provides multiple drug targets because of its role in metabolic disease and cancer, and these are candidates for repurposing for geroprotection. For instance, inhibition of the activity of the mTORC1 complex by rapamycin can extend lifespan in multiple organisms including mice, with early indications of efficacy in humans. Trametinib inhibits MEKs in the Ras pathway and can extend lifespan inDrosophila. However, it is not yet known if trametinib alone or in combination with rapamycin can extend mouse lifespan or improve health at older ages. We assessed survival and health indices of female and male mice treated with trametinib or rapamycin alone, or with the two in combination at the same doses. Trametinib treatment extended lifespan in both sexes, while its combination with rapamycin caused further, additive prolongation. Combination treatment reduced liver tumours in both sexes and spleen tumours in males, and ameliorated the age-related increase in brain glucose uptake. There was a striking reduction in inflammation in the brain, kidney, spleen and muscle with combination treatment, accompanied by reduced circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Trametinib alone is therefore geroprotective in mice, but combined trametinib and rapamycin treatment is more geroprotective than treatment with either drug alone, suggesting immediate translational potential for humans.
Understanding multiple timescales in quantum dissipative dynamics: Insights from quantum trajectories
Authors: Gerry Matthew , Kewming Michael J. , Segal Dvira
Published: July 2024

Open quantum systems with nearly degenerate energy levels have been shown to exhibit long-lived metastable states in the approach to equilibrium, even when modelled with certain Lindblad-form quantum master equations. This is a result of dramatic separation of timescales due to differences between Liouvillian eigenvalues. These metastable states often have nonzero coherences that die off only in the long-time limit once the system reaches thermal equilibrium. We examine two distinct situations that give rise to this effect: one in which dissipative dynamics couple together states only within a nearly degenerate subspace, and one in which they give rise to jumps over finite-energy splittings, between nearly degenerate subspaces. We find, in each case, that a change of basis can often lead to a representation that more naturally captures the impact of the system-bath interaction than does the energy eigenbasis, revealing that separate timescales are associated with separate processes (e.g., decoherence into a nonenergy eigenbasis, decay of population correlations to the initial state). This approach is paired with the inspection of quantum trajectories, which further provide intuition as to how open system evolution is characterized when coherent oscillations, thermal relaxation, and decoherence all occur simultaneously.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Cryo2RT: a high-throughput method for room-temperature macromolecular crystallography from cryo-cooled crystals
Authors: Huang Chia-Ying , Aumonier Sylvain , Olieric Vincent , Wang Meitian
Published: July 2024

Advances in structural biology have relied heavily on synchrotron cryo-crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy to elucidate biological processes and for drug discovery. However, disparities between cryogenic and room-temperature (RT) crystal structures pose challenges. Here, Cryo2RT, a high-throughput RT data-collection method from cryo-cooled crystals that leverages the cryo-crystallography workflow, is introduced. Tested on endothiapepsin crystals with four soaked fragments, thaumatin and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, Cryo2RT reveals unique ligand-binding poses, offers a comparable throughput to cryo-crystallography and eases the exploration of structural dynamics at various temperatures.
Contextualised strategies and interventions for ageing in place in low-population density areas
Authors: Resendiz-Villasenor Carla , Pour Rahimian Farzad , Najafi Mina , Carnemolla Phillippa , Rodriguez Sergio
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to support the global initiatives that advocate for ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for everyone, regardless of age, while allowing people to stay at their homes as long as they desire. The built environment (BE) plays a crucial role in achieving this, but in some countries, such as the UK, the housing stock has been found to require extensive adaptations to support resident’s health and well-being. While much research has been done on care provisions and later living housing, these solutions are unsuitable for low-population density areas (LPDAs).

Design/methodology/approach

The study is encompassed by investigations around a systematic product development guided by the Double-Diamond Design Framework. This research focused on the “Discovery” phase, which involved online in-depth interviews, incorporating elements from the Human-Activity-Space-Technology Model, supplemented by an interactive board to discover key activities, elements and actors involved in supporting strategies for ageing in place.

Findings

This paper presents strategies to help people age in place, focusing on LPDAs. The interventions identified in this paper encompass fundamental elements such as layout design and smart home technologies.

Originality/value

The results provide contextualised BE interventions applicable to creating age-friendly communities, focusing on house design and service delivery from a product design approach.
What makes the second-largest apparel-exporting nation? An in-depth analysis of competitiveness and comparative advantage in Bangladesh’s apparel industry
Authors: Hasan Md Rokibul , Das Debanjan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the export competitiveness of Bangladesh's apparel industry by identifying the specific product categories that help sustain its export comparative advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) and market share (MS) are calculated between 2011 and 2020 at the two- and four-digit level apparel product categories within the harmonized system (HS) to analyze the industry’s growth and export dominance. Trade competitiveness (TC) at the four-digit level, revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) at the two-, four- and six-digit-level apparel product categories are computed for the same 10-year period to investigate the industry’s export competitiveness. Major export destinations of the top 5 exporting product categories are identified to understand the factors facilitating the industry’s growth. A non-parametric Spearman rank correlation analysis evaluated the association between the RCA and NRCA indices.

Findings

Among the 34 product categories at the four-digit level, 29 consistently demonstrated an export comparative advantage, as did 34 out of 217 six-digit level sub-categories. In contrast, 12 sub-categories at the six-digit level consistently exhibited a comparative disadvantage in Bangladesh's export competitiveness. Furthermore, the TC measure identified 28 categories at the four-digit level with a robust comparative advantage. 30 categories displayed a positive CAGR, and Bangladesh asserted significant market dominance over 26 product categories at the four-digit level.

Research limitations/implications

This study's implications are significant for various stakeholders in Bangladesh and other apparel-exporting industries, encompassing government entities, industry officials, policymakers, investors, researchers and students. Nevertheless, limitations arise from the study's reliance on RCA and NRCA as competitiveness indicators, particularly its adoption of a macro-level approach for measurement without exploring a micro-level perspective. This constitutes a notable constraint in the study's analytical framework.

Originality/value

This study contributed novelty and enrichment to the existing academic literature by identifying distinct apparel product categories that contribute to the industry's growth.
Digitally transforming the organization through knowledge management: a socio-technical system (STS) perspective
Authors: Thomas Asha
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, innovation is the cornerstone for every organization. Knowledge management (KM) is crucial for developing sustainable competitive advantage by fostering innovation. This study aims to identify the key drivers of KM in the context of digital transformation through qualitative research.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews with senior KM officers, including chief knowledge officers and directors who spearhead KM in their respective organizations. This research identifies four key dimensions, shedding new light on the drivers of KM in the context of digital transformation.

Findings

This study’s findings reveal that the integration of important drivers from the lens of social-technical system (STS) theory is categorized into the four dimensions of KM, namely, motivation, technology, people interaction and organizational drivers. These factors jointly impact and design the effectiveness of KM in the digital age.

Originality/value

This study makes a unique contribution to the field of digital transformation. It presents a conceptual framework from the lens of the STS theory that encompasses four critical dimensions of KM: motivation, technology, people interaction and organizational dimensions, each with sub-codes. This framework can be utilized by practitioners and scholars alike.
Leading impactful research: applying platform thinking to drive collaborative inquiry in the innovation field
Authors: Trabucchi Daniel , Bellis Paola , Buganza Tommaso , Canterino Filomena , Shani Abraham B. (Rami) , Verganti Roberto , Press Joseph
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the application of collaborative inquiry within innovation management, employing platform thinking to address challenges of generalizability and relevance. The aim is to integrate Collaborative Inquiry methods, characterized by participatory, diffuse, and reflective practices, to transform research into a tool for impactful change in organizations in the field of innovation management.

Design/methodology/approach

A longitudinal participatory case study approach focuses on the IDeaLs case—a research platform that collaborated with multiple companies over several years. The data gathered and analyzed comes from the research project within the research platforms over the first two editions and from the research platform management and coordination activities.

Findings

The study introduces the Collaborative Research Platform Approach (CRPA), demonstrating its effectiveness in addressing typical constraints of traditional research methodologies through a real-world application within the IDeaLs case. The findings highlight the CRPA's potential in fostering a dynamic, co-creative research environment that bridges theoretical knowledge with practical applications, thus enhancing both scholarly and organizational outcomes while pursuing a future change within the organizations.

Research limitations/implications

There are two main research implications. First, it proposes platform thinking as a theoretical lens to read a multi-stakeholder phenomenon in the research domain, confirming its nature of value-creation mechanisms, using it outside the business model and strategic space. Second, it offers a methodological contribution by presenting the CRPA framework.

Practical implications

The CRPA framework offers organizations a structured approach to managing collaborative research projects that align with both academic rigor and practical relevance. Companies engaged in the study reported enhanced ability to implement actionable insights from research, influencing real-time decision-making processes.

Social implications

By fostering collaborative engagements across multiple stakeholders, the CRPA promotes a research culture that values inclusivity and practical impact, potentially leading to broader societal benefits through improved innovation management practices.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the innovation management field by proposing the CRPA, which integrates principles of Platform Thinking with Collaborative Inquiry. This novel approach is designed to improve the applicability and scope of innovation research, offering a robust framework that enhances engagement and utility across academic and business domains. It uses platforms as a theoretical lens to read a multi-stakeholder environment in the research domain.
The friendship investment: exploring the soft power of Australian international scholarships and the impact of alumni networks and connections with Australia
Authors: Haddow Amanda , Edwards Daniel , Doyle Jo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper draws on two studies from a wider research program exploring the long-term graduate outcomes of Australia’s international development scholarships, the Australia Awards. The paper’s focus is on exploring how soft power can be identified through international scholarships and outlines conditions for success in achieving such outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

This article discusses a mixed-methods sequential design that uses a quantitative online survey to identify themes to explore in a case study using a quantitative social networks approach.

Findings

The research identified two outcomes linked to the soft power of international scholarships, these are: (1) The value of existing connections – exposure and opportunity for scholarship recipients to build professional networks while in-country, influences the likelihood of alumni actioning these positive experiences by developing partnerships with host-country organisations after returning home; and (2) The value of alumni interconnectivity – the critical mass of peer-to-peer alumni relationships is a soft power asset that donors can harness to influence their international development and diplomacy objectives. Together, these findings also provide evidence that soft power attraction engendered in international scholarship participants can have longevity.

Originality/value

This article builds on early literature examining the effectiveness of international scholarships for developing countries in achieving soft power for scholarship donors. It provides a new view of these outcomes by looking at alumni networks individually and as a critical mass, to demonstrate how these contribute to achieving the diplomacy objectives of this type of state-sponsored student mobility program.
Dung beetles drive direct and indirect changes in ecosystem multifunctionality
Authors: Hasan Fevziye , Wallace Kiri J. , Fowler Simon V. , Schipper Louis A. , Hemmings Zac , Berson Jacob D. , Barnes Andrew D.
Published: July 2024

Measuring ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) could be a valuable method for assessing whether nature‐based solutions, such as introducing non‐native species to benefit ecosystem functioning, yield net positive outcomes. While EMF metrics may provide a coarse overview of the functioning of a system, such metrics can obscure the interactions among multiple simultaneously occurring ecosystem functions. This could limit the predictive value and overall efficacy of EMF metrics for the management of environmental change impacts on ecosystem functioning.

We carried out a mesocosm experiment with dung beetle temporal species richness (diversity) treatments in a pasture ecosystem in Aotearoa New Zealand and quantified cascading biotic and abiotic effects of introduced dung beetles (Onthophagus binodis and Onitis alexis) on multiple ecosystem functions. We measured nine individual ecosystem functions affected by dung beetles, including dung removal, total soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, soil microbial respiration, nitrate N, ammonium N, anaerobically mineralisable N and pasture biomass production.

We first tested the effects of temporal dung beetle diversity on the nine individual ecosystem functions. We then tested how introduced dung beetle temporal diversity affects ecosystem multifunctionality by calculating EMF metrics using the averaging, threshold and the Hill numbers approaches. Finally, to investigate the underlying interactions among individual functions, we tested the direct and indirect effects of introduced dung beetles on the nine ecosystem functions using structural equation modelling (SEM).

Only one out of the nine individual ecosystem functions was significantly affected by dung beetle introductions, whereas five of the six calculated EMF metrics increased significantly with temporal diversity of introduced dung beetles. However, when modelled within an SEM framework, dung beetle temporal diversity was found to directly affect dung removal, but with cascading effects on total N and anaerobically mineralisable N.

Our results suggest that introducing and increasing dung beetle temporal diversity enhances the provisioning of multiple ecosystem functions, but that our ability to detect and explain changes in ecosystem multifunctionality is critically dependent on how EMF is quantified.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Understanding spatiotemporal effects of food supplementation on host–parasite interactions using community‐based science
Authors: Knutie Sarah A. , Bahouth Rachel , Bertone Matthew A. , Webb Caroline , Mehta Mahima , Nahom Mia , Barta Rachael M. , Ghai Sharan , Love Ashley C. , Horan Sydney , Soldo Alexandria , Cochrane Elizabeth , Bartholomew Jenna , Cowan Emily , Bjerke Heather , Balenger Susan L. , Butler Michael W. , Cornell Allison , Kennedy Ashley C. , Rolland Virginie , Schultz Elizabeth M. , Stanback Mark , Taff Conor C. , Albery Gregory F.
Published: July 2024

Supplemental feeding can increase the overall health of animals but also can have variable effects on how animals defend themselves against parasites. However, the spatiotemporal effects of food supplementation on host–parasite interactions remain poorly understood, likely because large‐scale, coordinated efforts to investigate them are difficult.

Here, we introduce the Nest Parasite Community Science Project, which is a community‐based science project that coordinates studies with bird nest box ‘stewards’ from the public and scientific community. This project was established to understand broad ecological patterns between hosts and their parasites.

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of food supplementation on eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) and their nest parasite community across the geographic range of the bluebirds from 2018 to 2021. We received 674 nests from 69 stewards in 26 states in the eastern United States. Nest box stewards reported whether or not they provided mealworms or suet near nesting bluebirds, then they followed the nesting success of the birds (number of eggs laid and hatched, proportion that hatched, number and proportion of nestlings that successfully fledged). We then identified and quantified parasites in the nests.

Overall, we found that food supplementation increased fledging success. The most common nest parasite taxon was the parasitic blow fly (Protocalliphora sialia), but a few nests contained fleas (Ceratophyllus idius, C. gallinae and Orchopeas leucopus) and mites (Dermanyssus spp. and Ornithonyssus spp.). Blow flies were primarily found at northern latitudes, where food supplementation affected blow fly prevalence. However, the direction of this effect varied substantially in direction and magnitude across years. More stewards fed bluebirds at southern latitudes than at northern latitudes, which contradicts the findings of other community‐based science projects.

Overall, food supplementation of birds was associated with increased host fitness but did not appear to play a consistent role in defence against these parasites across all years. Our study demonstrates the importance of coordinated studies across years and locations to understand the effects of environmental heterogeneity, including human‐based food supplementation, on host–parasite dynamics.
A proposal for cut marks classification using machine learning: Serrated vs. non‐serrated, single vs. double‐beveled knives
Authors: Steiger Giada Sciâdi , Borrini Matteo
Published: July 2024

In tool mark identification, there is still a lack of characteristics and methodologies standardization used to analyze and describe sharp force trauma marks on skeletal remains. This study presents a classification method for cut marks on human bones, providing an applicable methodology for their examination and the relevant terminology for describing cases of sharp force trauma. A total of 350 cut marks were produced by stabbing pig ribs (Sus scrofa) with seven knives. The samples were analyzed under a stereomicroscope with a tangential light source. Through the analysis of cut marks, eleven traits were identified as significantly associated with the type of knife used. These traits included the general morphology of the kerf shape, the entrance and exit cross‐profile shapes, the location of the rising on the entrance and exit cross‐profile, the presence or absence of feathering, the presence or absence of shards and the location and the general morphology of the mounding. Binary logistic regression models were later trained and tested using nine out of the eleven traits. The first model categorized the cut mark as either produced by a serrated or non‐serrated blade, while the second, as either produced by a single‐ or double‐beveled blade. Classification scores of those models ranged between 63%–85% for the serration class and 63%–89% for the blade bevel class. This study proposes a new set of traits and the use of machine learning models to standardize and facilitate the analysis of stab wounds.
Glucagon‐like peptide agonists for weight management in antipsychotic‐induced weight gain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bak Maarten , Campforts Bea , Domen Patrick , van Amelsvoort Therese , Drukker Marjan
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Managing body weight in patients with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain (AIWG) is challenging. Besides lifestyle interventions, pharmacological interventions may contribute to weight loss. This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated the effect on weight loss and adverse effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists in patients with AIWG.

Materials and Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a meta‐analysis of blinded and open‐label randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non‐randomised controlled trials and cohort studies that evaluated treatment with GLP‐1 in patients with AIWG, regardless of psychiatric diagnosis. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Primary outcome measures were changes in body weight and BMI. Secondary outcomes were changes in adverse effects and severity of psychopathology due to GLP‐1 agonists.

Results

Only data for exenatide and liraglutide could be included, that is, five RCTs and one cohort study. For exenatide the mean weight loss was −2.48 kg (95% Confidence Interval (CI) −5.12 to +0.64; p = 0.07), for liraglutide the mean weight loss was −4.70 kg (95% CI −4.85 to −4.56; p < 0.001). The mean change in BMI was −0.82 (95% CI −1.56 to −0.09; p = 0.03) in the exenatide groups and −1.52 (95% CI −1.83 to −1.22; p < 0.001) in the liraglutide groups. Exenatide and liraglutide did not adversely affect psychopathology. The most common adverse events were nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

Conclusion

The GLP‐1 agonists exenatide and liraglutide are promising drugs for inducing weight loss in patients with AIWG. The adverse effects are acceptable, and the addition of GLP‐1 does not increase the severity of psychopathology. However, more research is needed.
Effects of telephone nursing education and counselling on discharge satisfaction level and self‐care strength of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: İlgin Vesile Eskici , Oral Semra Erdağı , Gürkan Zeynep , Özer Nadiye
Published: July 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nursing education and counselling provided by telephone to individuals undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery on their discharge satisfaction levels and self‐care power levels.

Method

The study was conducted using a randomized controlled experimental research model with a pre‐test‐post‐test control group (30 individuals in the experiment group and 30 individuals in the control group). Routine nursing care was applied to the patients in the control group throughout their attendance, and no training or intervention was made after discharge. By contrast, in addition to routine nursing care, the for 4 weeks in the experimental group received nursing education and counselling services by phone in the post‐discharge period. A ‘Personal Information Form,’ ‘Discharge Training Satisfaction Scale,’ and ‘Self‐Care Strength Scale,’ which were prepared by the researchers and included the personal information of the patients, were used to collect the data.

Results

The difference between the pre‐test self‐care power scale and discharge education satisfaction scale sub‐dimensions of the groups and the mean score of the total score was not statistically significant. The post‐test self‐care power scale and discharge education satisfaction scale sub‐dimensions and total score averages of the patients in the experimental group were higher than in the control group, and the difference between them was statistically significant (P <0.05).

Conclusion

The nursing education and counselling services given to the patients on the phone increased their self‐care skill levels and discharge satisfaction levels.
Student–teacher relational entitlement and its association with students' and teachers' characteristics
Authors: Tolmacz Rami , Ben‐Eliyahu Adar , Mikulincer Mario , Efrati Yaniv
Published: July 2024

Introduction

One's sense of entitlement—the subjective perception of what one deserves from another person—can contribute to social attitudes and behaviour in positive or negative ways, depending on the way in which one construes this subjective sense. Previous work has examined how adolescents' sense of entitlement towards their parents contributes positively or negatively to their well‐being. In this study, we extend this line of research and focus on adolescents' sense of entitlement towards another important authority figure—teachers, while examining its associations with both students' and teachers' characteristics and implications for students' functioning at school.

Method

We adapted the Adolescents' Sense of Relational Entitlement towards Parents scale to tap students' relational entitlement towards their teachers. We then examined the factor structure of the adapted scale and its associations with students' and teachers' relevant psychological measures in three samples (N = 1588).

Results

Findings confirmed the three‐factor structure of student–teacher entitlement. Studies 2–3 also revealed that students' sense of entitlement was associated with both students' variables (e.g., psychological well‐being, self‐esteem, perceptions of teachers' acceptance of them and students' school engagement) and teachers' emotional difficulties. Study 3's findings indicated that students' sense of entitlement was associated with their school engagement.

Conclusion

Students' sense of entitlement towards teachers seems to be associated with teachers' emotional makeup and attitudes towards students. In addition, this subjective sense is associated with students' school engagement. These findings suggest that there is theoretical value and practical implications for further unpacking both teachers' and students' factors associated with students' sense of entitlement and examining its association with academic functioning at school.
In silico optimization of analogs derived pro‐adrenomedullin peptide to evaluate antimicrobial potential
Authors: Quigua‐Orozco Raquel M. , Andrade Isadora E. P. , Oshiro Karen G. N. , Rezende Samilla B. , Santos Alexandre Duarte O. , Pereira Julia A. L. , da Silva Viviane G. , Buccini Danieli F. , Porto William F. , Macedo Maria L. R. , Cardoso Marlon H. , Franco Octávio L.
Published: July 2024

Diverse computational approaches have been widely used to assist in designing antimicrobial peptides with enhanced activities. This tactic has also been used to address the need for new treatment alternatives to combat resistant bacterial infections. Herein, we have designed eight variants from a natural peptide, pro‐adrenomedullin N‐terminal 20 peptide (PAMP), using an in silico pattern insertion approach, the Joker algorithm. All the variants show an α‐helical conformation, but with differences in the helix percentages according to circular dichroism (CD) results. We found that the C‐terminal portion of PAMP may be relevant for its antimicrobial activities, as revealed by the molecular dynamics, CD, and antibacterial results. The analogs showed variable antibacterial potential, but most were not cytotoxic. Nevertheless, PAMP2 exhibited the most potent activities against human and animal‐isolated bacteria, showing cytotoxicity only at a substantially higher concentration than its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Our results suggest that the enhanced activity in the profile of PAMP2 may be related to their particular physicochemical properties, along with the adoption of an amphipathic α‐helical arrangement with the conserved C‐terminus portion. Finally, the peptides designed in this study can constitute scaffolds for the design of improved sequences.
Associations Between Tinnitus and Systemic Disease in Adolescents: Implications of Vitamin D Deficiency and Anaemia
Authors: Han Sang‐Yoon , Kim Young Ho
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Tinnitus is one of the irritating symptoms that should be addressed in adolescents. Since tinnitus affects mental health, it is important to treat it. However, identifying the cause of tinnitus is very challenging and the treatment strategies of tinnitus are controversial. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of tinnitus in adolescents and systemic diseases as risk factors of adolescent tinnitus to find evidence for new treatment strategies.

Materials and Methods

We extracted the subjects and data using the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2012. One thousand five hundred ninety‐three adolescents with bilateral normal tympanic membranes and availability of the results of physical, laboratory and audiological examinations, were selected. We evaluated their systemic diseases based on these results and assessed the association of tinnitus with demographic factors, systemic diseases and hearing levels.

Results

The prevalence of tinnitus in Korean adolescents was 21.7%. The hearing level was not associated with tinnitus. Tinnitus was significantly associated with age (p = 0.005), 25(OH)‐D level (p = 0.007) and anaemia (p = 0.003). After controlling the other factors, age (p = 0.045), 25(OH)‐D level (p = 0.041) and anaemia (p = 0.019) were independently related to tinnitus.

Conclusion

Tinnitus in adolescents was significantly associated with age, vitamin D and anaemia. Physicians should consider the higher likelihood of these deficiencies or diseases in adolescent tinnitus patients. Additionally, recognizing these associations may be helpful in developing treatment strategies for adolescent tinnitus.
Overparenting and romantic relationships in emerging adulthood: Roles of relationship efficacy and parent–child relationship quality
Authors: Jiao Chengfei , Cui Ming , Fincham Frank D.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Guided by the theory of emerging adulthood and social cognitive theory, we investigated whether overparenting was associated with romantic relationship quality among emerging adults through relationship efficacy and dependent on parent–child relationship quality.

Background

Establishing healthy and lasting intimate relationships is one of the primary developmental tasks during emerging adulthood. Although it is well established that overparenting has negative implications for emerging adults' psychological adjustment, researchers know little about the relationship between overparenting and romantic relationship outcomes during emerging adulthood.

Method

This study used data from a sample of college students (N = 378, Mage = 19.91, SD = 1.23) collected at two time points over a 12‐week interval from a large university in a southeast region of the United States. The majority of the participants were female and White.

Results

Results from structural equation modeling showed that overparenting was negatively associated with later romantic relationship quality through lower relationship efficacy. The negative association between overparenting and relationship efficacy was stronger for those who reported experiencing better parent–child relationship quality.

Conclusion

Our study further highlights the importance of exploring linkages between overparenting and relational functioning among emerging adults and extends the literature by considering the conceptual context of overparenting through the lens of parent–child relationship quality.

Implications

Practitioners, therapists, and educators in higher education institutions should promote college students' relational well‐being by highlighting the necessity of considering the role of overparenting behavior in treating or counseling college students' romantic relationship difficulties.
Community members as design partners: Codesign workshops of the families tackling tough times together program
Authors: Rosenberger Claire A. , Elias Cezanne , Ruiz Yumary , Toombs Austin , Lee Sohee , Marceau Kristine , MacDermid Wadsworth Shelley , Kimiecik Carly , Millspaugh Lillian , Cloutier Chloe , Rutherford Lauren , Che Liying , McCormick Carolyn E.B.
Published: July 2024

Objective

This community‐engaged codesign project identified the changes needed to tailor a family resilience‐building program, the Families Tackling Tough Times Together (FT), into a community setting.

Background

There is a need for low‐burden resources to help families mitigate stressful times and build resilience. Guided by Walsh's family resilience framework, FT aims to improve families' ability to cope, recover, and build resilience. Due to the success of FT during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the program is now being modified to help families in the state of Indiana.

Method

Three codesign workshops were held with community service providers (CSP) and families. Participants engaged with the FT materials and discussions related to program usability and feasibility. Data were analyzed using a rapid analysis approach.

Results

CSPs stated that FT program materials fit with their goals and workload. Families felt the FT program aligned with their personal needs and day‐to‐day lives. Challenges and concerns with the FT materials included activities that required additional resources or that may be intimidating for families to complete. Both CSPs and families provided helpful suggestions on how to modify the materials.

Conclusion

The FT program was well received by participants and was viewed as a valuable addition to the services CSPs offer. Modifications will be made to the FT materials based on knowledge gained from the workshops.

Implications

This work highlights the collaborative nature of the codesign process as well as the insights gained from participants regarding the use of the FT materials by CSPs as part of their routine service delivery with families in the community.
The effect of residual stress on high‐cycle fatigue properties and its evaluation method of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy
Authors: Chang Shuai , Zhang Kun , Tan Jianping , Tu Shantung
Published: July 2024

To assess the contribution of residual stress to the improvement of high‐cycle fatigue (HCF) properties, HCF tests are performed on Ti‐6Al‐4V specimens with different residual stress levels but no other evident surface state modification induced by machining. Results indicate that compressive residual stress induced by machining significantly improves the HCF performance of Ti‐6Al‐4V specimens. Of all the specimens, the fatigue strength of specimens with a surface residual stress level of −400 MPa is increased by approximately 16.4%. Furthermore, to accurately predict the fatigue life based on three mean stress correction equations (e.g., Walker, Goodman, and Smith–Watson–Topper), the method of reducing surface residual stress by a reduction factor and then adding to the mean stress is proposed. A reduction factor of 0.55 is found to be appropriate for the alloy under the test condition, with majority of the predicted data falling within a factor of three scatter band.
Para rubber seed oil and its fatty acids alleviate photoaging and maintain cell homeostasis
Authors: Lourith Nattaya , Kanlayavattanakul Mayuree , Khongkow Mattaka , Chaikul Puxvadee
Published: July 2024

Objective

Para rubber seed oil was indicated for skin dullness and hair loss in regard to its cutaneous beneficial fatty acids. Nonetheless, the oil's potency against photoaging remains unexplored. We proposed that para rubber seed oil could alleviate photoaging.

Methods

Para rubber seed oil was investigated in cocultures of human HaCaT cells and dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Photoaging protectant efficiency was monitored in terms of IL‐6 and IL‐8 as well as MMP‐1 (collagenase) and MMP‐9 (gelatinase) in a comparison with its fatty acid components.

Results

Para rubber seed oil standardized in fatty acids was indicated as the promising plant oil for photoaging treatment. Its photoprotection mechanism was demonstrated in the coculture system of keratinocyte and fibroblast cells for the first time. Where the oil and its fatty acid constituents (100 μg/mL) were indicated to be safe and efficiently protect the cocultures against UV damage. The oil significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed UV‐induced IL‐6, IL‐8, MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 secretions. The revealed photoprotection proficiency was abided by its fatty acids, particularly the unsaturated C18 ones.

Conclusion

The oil was indicated on its potential to maintain skin homeostasis and would alleviate senescence ageing in regard to its photoprotection abilities exhibited. Para rubber seed oil is warranted as a new generation of photoaging protectant agent with the profiled safety and efficacy demonstrated in the epidermal coculture system. The findings encourage the development of innovative anti‐ageing products containing the oil, which is categorizable as a sustainable specialty material for photoaging treatment.
A cross‐sectional study on gender differences in body dysmorphic concerns in patients with skin conditions in relation to sociodemographic, clinical and psychological variables
Authors: Sampogna F. , Samela T. , Abeni D. , Schut C. , Kupfer J. , Bewley A. P. , Finlay A. Y. , Gieler U. , Thompson A. R. , Gracia‐Cazaña T. , Balieva F. , Ferreira B. R. , Jemec G. B. , Lien L. , Misery L. , Marron S. E. , Ständer S. , Zeidler C. , Szabó C. , Szepietowski J. C. , Reich A. , Svensson A. , Altunay I. K. , Legat F. J. , Grivcheva‐Panovska V. , Romanov D. V. , Lvov A. N. , Titeca G. , Vulink N. C. , Tomás‐Aragones L. , van Beugen S. , Evers A. W. M. , Dalgard F. J. ,   European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP) Study collaborators
Published: July 2024

Background

Dysmorphic concern is an overconcern with an imagined or slight defect in physical appearance that can be a symptom of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Appearance‐related concerns are frequently reported by people with dermatological conditions. However, relatively little remains known about the relationship between dysmorphic concern and other variables within persons with different skin conditions.

Objectives

The aim of this multicentre, cross‐sectional study was to investigate gender differences regarding dysmorphic concern and the prevalence of BDD in a large sample of patients with skin conditions, in relation to sociodemographic, clinical and psychological variables.

Methods

Participants aged ≥18 years with skin conditions were consecutively enrolled in dermatological clinics of 22 European centres. Dysmorphic concern and the possible presence of BDD were measured using the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ) and compared between men and women in relation to sociodemographic, clinical and psychological variables, and separately for each skin condition.

Results

The DCQ questionnaire was completed by 5290 dermatological patients. In all categories, mean scores were significantly higher in women than in men. Mean DCQ scores were also higher in women for most skin conditions, with the highest effect size in vitiligo. The percentage of patients who screened positive for BDD on the DCQ was 10.5%, 7.7% of men and 12.7% of women. The prevalence of BDD positive was 6.9% in patients with mild clinical severity, 11.1% for moderate and 19.1% for severe condition. In the multivariate model in patients with mild skin condition, the presence of BDD was positively associated with stress and stigma both in men and in women.

Conclusions

Dysmorphic concern and BDD were more frequent in women than in men with skin conditions. Both received and actual stigmatization might have an impact on body‐related concerns, in particular in women, who may be more at risk for sociocultural reasons.
Tracking the invasive and euryhaline pikeperch Sander lucioperca in the lower River Thames using acoustic telemetry indicates no movements into areas of relatively high salinity
Authors: Stakėnas Saulius , Gregory Stephen D. , Britton J. Robert , Marsh Jessica E. , Tarkan Ali Serhan , Zięba Grzegorz , Wesley Keith J. , Copp Gordon H.
Published: July 2024

Native to Central and Eastern Europe, the euryhaline pikeperch Sander lucioperca can acclimatize to elevated salinity levels (e.g., up to 30‰), but it remains unknown whether their invasive populations use this ability to inhabit and/or disperse through brackish waters, such as estuaries and inshore areas. To test whether invasive pikeperch show a propensity to move into areas of relatively high salinity, their spatial use and movement patterns (e.g., home range, distances moved, and movement rates) were assessed using acoustic telemetry in the upper River Thames estuary, southeast England. Analyses revealed that individual pikeperch were capable of moving relatively long distances in a short time (e.g., speeds up to 70 m min−1), with movement patterns associated more with tidal state and elevation at the water surface (both assumed to relate to changes in salinity) than diurnal changes. There were no recorded movements of any pikeperch into the more saline, downstream waters of the estuary where salinity levels were recorded to over 40‰, with the mean salinity in the most downstream area where pikeperch were detected being 1.39‰ (range of logger: 1.22–1.71). The results suggest that these pikeperch did not use high salinity waters when less saline waters were available, and thus the risk that they will use to move through high salinity areas to expand their invasive range appears low. Accordingly, efforts to minimize risks of the further dispersal of invasive pikeperch populations can focus on control and containment programmes within fresh waters.