bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Lee Kelvin
Published: September 2021

Journal of Biology and Life Science (JBLS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JBLS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 2Geonyzl Lepiten Alviola, Davao Doctors College, PhlippinesJeriels Matatula, Indonesian Silvicultural Community, IndonesiaJosé Max Barbosa de Oliveira Junior, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, BrazilRagab A. El-Mergawi, National Research Centre, EgyptRajaa Ahmed Mahmoud, University of Basrah, Iraq Kelvin LeeEditorial AssistantJournal of Biology and Life Science-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesTel: 1-702-953-1852 ext.510Fax: 1-702-420-2900E-mail: jbls@macrothink.orgURL: http://jbls.macrothink.org
Investigating the Causality Between Remittances, Infant Mortality, and Economic Growth in India: A Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model Analysis
Authors: Rashid Hassan , Ramirez Miguel D.
Published: September 2021

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of remittances on human development as measured by infant mortality rates and real GDP per capita in India using time series data for the 1975-2018 period. By employing the Zivot-Andrews single-break unit root test and cointegration analysis using the Johansen procedure, a stable long-run relationship is found among the variables. Consequently, by estimating a VECM with dummy variables, results indicate that, in the long run, both remittances and real GDP per capita have a negative and significant impact on infant mortality rates in India. With infant mortality rate as a dependent variable, the adjustment coefficient for the cointegrating vector is negative and significant as the theory predicts. A Granger Block causality test is also conducted, and results indicate that remittances do not Granger cause real GDP and infant mortality rate; however, it is found that infant mortality rate and real GDP per capita Granger cause remittances. Policy implications are discussed.
الصحافة الاستقصائية وتفسير القضايا الاجتماعية المعقدة في السودان
Authors: حسن العوض سيف الدين
Published: September 2021

This study deals with the role of investigative journalism inexplaining complex social issues, especially after it became the subject of all talk after the editor of the Washington Post (Bob Wardard and Carl Prestein) revealed the Watergate Scandal in 1973. This study is a descriptive studies, aimed to skip the stage where the previous Arab studies stood in the treatment of new entrances and current issues in the news coverage and benefit the Professionals in the press to address the investigative journalism. This study seeks to know the role of the investigative journalism in correcting mistakes, uncovering corruption and explaining complex social issues. This study uses the content analysis method, relyed on the content analysis as a tool to collect data on the phenomenon studied. The daily newspapers were selected, namely: Alintibaha, Akhirlahza, andAkhbar El yomNewspaper as a field of study. The period of study was determined during the period from September 2017 until the end of December 2018, with the selection of a sample of the three newspapers using the method of the industrial week during the study period. The study showed that the rate of coverage of the three sectors: correction of errors, interpretation of complex social situations, and detection of corruption, wrongdoing, lawlessness or abuse of power was very low on the three newspapers during the period of study only (125), Coverage over the entire year and two months, and the analysis of the place of publication and accompanying titles showed increasing interest rates in this coverage, where the majority of the cover coverage on the front pages by 72%, but did not appear under important titles such as the title The qualitative analysis showed that the coverage of the three sectors can be arranged in terms of the vitality and relative quality of the knowledge they carry according to the following order: correcting errors first, then detecting corruption, secondly, and finally, explaining complex social situations, as recommended by the study The need to pay attention to the investigative journalism, and the need to unload a number of journalists to do this kind of journalism away from the normal routine press, giving more attention to the interpretation and investigation of information and that the editors and informants to free the survey coverage and submission of the The need to keep abreast of the new technological developments in the use of new techniques in the work of the press in general and the coverage of the survey in particular, as well as away from the excitement and exaggeration in the presentation of issues that correct errors or reveal corruption or explain the issues As well as providing responsible press freedom, freedom of information and protection of resources.
مشاكل القياس والإفصاح المحاسبي عن الأداء البيئي في السودان "دراسة ميدانية تحليلية"
Authors: دياب أحمد صالح د.هدي , حامد إدريس موسى د.الطيب
Published: September 2021

This research aims at the to set the problems on measurement and declaration accounting for the environmental performance in the Sudan. The problem of these research represented in the following questions: 1- Whether the information accuracy fulfilled for the environmental performance to lead solution of problems measurement and declaration accounting for the environmental performance? 2- Whether experts environmental qualified affected for the measurement and declaration accounting for the performance environmental? The research follows the historical and the deductive and inductive methodology. The hypotheses of the study which the researcher tests are the following: 1- The creation relation statistics between information fulfilled and environmental reports and the problems of measurement and declaration for accounting for the environmental performance. 2- The creation relation statistics between experts environmental qualified and problems of measurement and declaration for the environmental performance. The research found the following results: 1- The information accuracy fulfilled and true for environmental performance to decrease problems of measurement and declaration accounting for the environmental performance. 2- There are experts environmental qualified to do measurement for the environmental performance to assistance decrease problems of measurement and declaration accounting for the environmental performance. The research recommendation to make more researches to solution problems of measurement and declaration for the environmental performance.
Los/las jóvenes y las tareas escolares
Authors: Aragón-Flores Gabriela Itzel
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses the issue of homework and some of the conditions under which young people do it. At first, school tasks are defined, and the ongoing debate held by different points of view regarding the issue is introduced; at this point you may also know the approaches and pedagogical perspectives of some researchers about this matter. Up next, three conditions under which students do their schoolwork are presented, some of them can help you when it comes to teamwork, regarding how to follow instructions, use the given materials and organize a time schedule.
CÓMO SE REPLICA EL SARS-CoV-2?
Authors: CASARRUBIAS ELMER JOEL , CARRASCO-TORRES GABRIELA , VÁSQUEZ-GARZÓN VERÓNICA ROCÍO
Published: September 2021

The scientific community has worked on strong responses by accelerating research and innovation and has rapidly laid the foundation for understanding the molecular determinants of the current novel coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Replication of the viral genome within infected cells is a key stage in the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2. It is a complex process that involves the action of various viral and host proteins to perform RNA polymerization, proofreading, and final tampon. The cellular receptor that has been identified for the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein is an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Primary interactions between S and host cell factors during the early replication cycle of the coronavirus initiate biogenesis of replication organelles. Although the mechanisms underlying the formation of replication organelles are not fully understood, in this review we provide an update on structural and functional data on key players in the SARS-CoV-2 replication machinery.
LA RESPUESTA INMUNITARIA FRENTE AL VIRUS SARS-CoV-2
Authors: AGUILAR-RUIZ SERGIO ROBERTO , SÁNCHEZ-PEÑA FRANCISCO JAVIER
Published: September 2021

The immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is similar to that against other viruses, where the innate immune system acts at early stages through the secretion of type 1 interferon (type 1 IFN), which prevents viral replication and the activation of natural killer (NK) cells. Later, the adaptive immune system acts through CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and antibody production, which aim to destroy infected cells and block viral entry into cells. All the above leads to the elimination of the virus and mild symptomatology. However, in individuals with a weakened immune system, the viral infection spreads and leads to a potent inflammatory response, which leads to the recruitment of immune cells to the lungs, where they can cause severe pulmonary and even systemic pathology.
فرط الشهية العصبي– فـقد الشهية وعلاقته بصورة الجسم لدى المراهقين
Authors: محيمد نداء
Published: September 2021

التعرف الـــى مستوى فرط – فقدان الشهية العصبي لدى الطلبة المراهقين، والفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في فرط– فقدان الشهية العصبي لدى المراهقين تبعاً لمتغيرالجنس (ذكور- إناث)، وذلك من خلال إختيار عينةبصورة عشوائية وفقاً للأسلوب المتناسب قوامها (450) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة مركز محافظة القادسية " (الصف الرابع الاعدادي) ولكلا الجنسين, للدراسة الصباحية, للعام الدراسي(2015-2016), ولعدم وجود مقياس لقياس فرط- فقدان الشهية العصبي، بما يتوافق مع" طبيعة المرحلة العمرية والثقافية والجغرافية.
Global warming phenomena it’s harms and causes and previntations method
Authors: Krady Mudafar , abd Lammiaa
Published: September 2021

In this paper we study the global warming phenomena and its effect on the humanity and on the atmospheric ,also we study its causes ,harms, and how to prevent it ,that the progressing country have the great effect of causing this phenomena because of its industries and what’s causes of it , ​also we found that the main causes of the global warming was the greenhouse gases effect ,we find that we could reduced or prevent the global warming by encourage the agricultural of wide land of some kind of pants on the earth , and use clean fuel , ​or renewable energy sources to save the life on the earth
Strategic Planning of an Organization (Concept Map)
Authors: Khan Rehan Ahmed , Azhar Tayyaba , Sajjad Madiha
Published: September 2021

Concept Map
Continuing Professional Development for Doctors in Pakistan is need of the hour
Authors: Sethi Ahsan , Wajid Gohar
Published: September 2021

In Pakistan, health professionals get their professional undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications after thorough training and assessment criteria as defined by their respective national regulatory bodies. These qualifications help them get registered and get a license for clinical practice in their respective domains. Any registrations and licenses are renewed by paying the prescribed fee without any requirements for reassessment or recertifications. Over the last few decades, health sciences have shown rapid advancements with the invention of new drugs and technologies. Due to this exponential increase in knowledge, no practitioner can hope to remain competent for more than a few years after graduation without a program of active learning. As such, a well-structured and regulated program of lifelong learning must be followed by all health professionals. To keep health professionals abreast with these changes and to ensure the maintenance of certain minimum competencies, there is a need for Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to be implemented at the national level with strict regulatory compliance. According to World Federation for Medical Education (World Federation for Medical Education, 2015), Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is a process of education and training commencing after completion of basic and postgraduate medical education, thereafter, continuing as long as the health professional is engaged in professional activities. CPD mainly implies self-directed and practice-based learning activities in addition to supervised education, and rarely involves supervised training for an extended period of time. The terms ‘Continuing Medical Education (CME)’ and ‘Continuing Professional Development (CPD)’ are often used synonymously.
Come to the dark side- Make your own OSPES: a pilot study
Authors: Atta Komal
Published: September 2021

Background: Physiology for BDS is a tediously long course crammed into one year, students going through this cognitive overlook tend to overlook the clinical aspects and underperform in OSPEs , as they are exerting efforts in learning the core content

Aim: to develop a learning technique to promote deeper learning of the practical and critical aspects of Physiology and perform better in the OSPE

Methods: a longitudinal study was conducted with the newly enrolled BDS class of 2018 (n=50), after debriefing and a preliminary OSPE, they were debriefed about the technique of the ROSPE (reverse OSPE) in which they were to make their own questions with answers already provided at the stations. Feedback was provided and reflections of students were recorded and analyzed thematically. After every ROSPE, the test scores of the subsequent OSPEs were compared with the class of the previous year.

Results: test scores of students who had undergone the ROSPE interventions were remarkably higher as compared to those of the previous batch (p=0.0050,0.001,0.001) and results in Professional examination were also better. Thematic analysis showed the ROSPE to be a confidence building activity that promoted deeper learning and team work.

Conclusion: the ROSPE is a successful intervention to improve practical and clinical skills for the OSPE exam.

Key words : peer assisted learning, OSPE, practical skills, cognitive load ,physiology
Knowledge Skill and Attitude among fresh dental graduates about orthodontics
Authors: Zohra Shan , Amin Malik Muhammad Haider
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The field of orthodontics is an essential component of the bachelor in dental surgery program. As stated by the American Association of Orthodontics, it is defined as an area of dentistry that deals with diagnostics, prevention, interceptions, and correcting the relationships between mature or developing orofacial structures. The goals of orthodontic therapy are to improve the aesthetics of a person of which a very important component is the smile, obtain the normal or close to normal occlusion, and establish normal oral function. Due to a growing esthetic awareness among the general population orthodontics is gaining popularity as a profession. Hence dentists need to be trained well in this field to cater to the growing needs of the general population.Objective: The objective of the survey was to find out whether the graduates that are being produced by the dental colleges of Pakistan are knowledgeable and skillful in the field of orthodontics or not.Methods: It was a quantitative descriptive survey carried out in 2018. The questionnaire was developed with the help of an orthodontic expert following the American, European, Canadian, and Australian competencies and piloted before being used for the actual research process. Students who had recently graduated were the target population. Informed consent was obtained from each student before handing them the questionnaire. 33 students in total participated in the study.Results:33 surveys were returned. The questionnaire was divided into knowledge, skills, and attitude portion. For the knowledge part, the majority of graduates felt underconfident and were felt they were not well versed theoretically. In the skills portion, the most common answers were either not confident or fairly confident revealing that students again did not have again enough confidence in their skills and the majority had done either very little or no patients in their final year. For the attitude section, the majority of students were not interested in taking orthodontic as their subject of post-graduation since they did not feel very confident about it.Conclusion: The results of the survey identified the lags in the final year BDS curriculum especially when it came to orthodontics. Serious consideration needs to be given to training students in the particular field so the dental graduates are confident and skilled in all fields of dentistry when they pass out.

Keywords:

Fresh dental graduate, Knowledge, Skill, Attitude
Gender Disparities in Academic Rank and Writing amongst Medical Faculty Members
Authors: Fahim Ayesha , Haider Jafari Fahim
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Pakistan is a developing country with rich cultural values. With increased urban development and high workforce demands in the labor market during the last two decades, we have seen a positive shift in the stereotypical paradigm with an immense influx of female students in all fields of education including medicine. Although there is increased representation of female doctors, their academic contribution and representation in higher academic ranks seem scarce.

Objective:

In this study, we investigate gender differences in academic ranks and research in renowned Medical Institutions of Pakistan.

Methods:

Websites of three institutions were used to identify male and female faculty members, their respective publications were counted using “Pakmedinet.com” and “Scholar.google.com”.

Results:

A one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the male-female ratio at higher academic ranks. This ratio drastically increases at the Full Professor level where males are three times more than female Professors. ANOVA results also show that publications by male faculty members are significantly higher than females. Even on the same rank, women have not published their work in the same capacity as men.

Conclusion:

The results are in alignment with several previous studies that indicate gender disparities between males and females especially as they climb up the academic ladder. Publications are a measure of academic productivity. This study suggests that although female representation as faculty members have increased over the years, their lack of frequent publications might be a factor that hinders women in advancing in academic ranks.

 

Keywords:

Gender imbalance, Academic productivity, Medical institutions, Pakistan.
Licuri (Syagrus coronata): características, importâncias, potenciais e perspectivas do pequeno coco do Brasil
Authors: Guimarães Julian Dos Santos , Shiosaki Ricardo Kenji , Mendes Marianne Louise Marinho
Published: September 2021

Conhecida como a “árvore salvadora da vida”, o licuri (Syagrus coronata (Martius) Beccari) é uma das principais palmeiras nativas do Semiárido brasileiro, desenvolvendo um importante papel socioeconômico, cultural e ambiental para a subsistência do sertanejo. Porém, apesar de sua importância, observa-se que os licurizais encontram-se sob ameaça devido ao desmatamento, queimadas e exploração de forma extrativista. Por conta disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma revisão e análise bibliográfica sobre o licuri, destacando sua importância, potenciais, perspectivas futuras e a necessidade de sua preservação e conservação. Para esse fim, recorreu-se às bases de dados Periódico CAPES, SciELO, BDTD e BVS, através dos descritores “Licuri”, “Syagrus coronata” e “Syagrus coronata (Martius) Beccari”, abrangendo a seleção de artigos, manuais, teses e dissertações. Por ser uma planta nativa do Brasil, este trabalho encontra-se cadastrado no Sistema Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético e do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado (SisGen), sob o nº AD6A6AB, atendendo ao previsto em lei e seus regulamentos. A revisão segue estruturada em seções, além da introdução. Na primeira, faz-se uma breve apresentação do licuri sobre suas características gerais e distribuição geográfica. Na segunda, aborda-se a sua importância socioeconômica e cultural, posicionando sua utilização e reconhecimento pela população semiárida. Na terceira, destaca-se a sua indispensável importância ecológica e ambiental, considerada uma “espécie-chave” do bioma Caatinga. Em seguida, como parte fundamental da dieta cotidiana local, apresenta-se seu potencial alimentício e nutricional, expondo principalmente suas utilizações culinárias e sua composição nutricional. Por fim, demonstram-se as perspectivas acerca de seus estudos e espera-se contribuir fornecendo subsídios científicos que ampliem a interiorização da pesquisa, a capacitação e a disseminação de informações acerca do licuri.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN-HPMC POLYMERIC FILMS FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF CAPTOPRIL
Authors: Nair Rajesh Sreedharan , Balamurugan Manickam , Teng Meng Sheng
Published: September 2021

Drug permeation through the skin layers remains a major challenge in transdermal drug delivery. In this study, the permeation enhancing property of chitosan together with its rate-controlling property has been utilized in the development of an efficient transdermal delivery system, using captopril as a model drug. Chitosan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films were developed by solvent evaporation technique. The films were characterized for appearance, thickness, weight uniformity, drug content, folding endurance and moisture absorption. Drug-polymer interaction was assessed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The in vitro permeation carried out in Franz-type diffusion cells using synthetic Strat-M® membrane, demonstrated that the film coded F2 (Chitosan:HPMC = 50:50) showed a significant increase in drug permeation than F1 (Chitosan:HPMC = 90:10) with a flux value 86.7 µg/cm2/h. The physicochemical characterization and the stability studies confirmed that the formulated films were chemically and physically stable.
IN-SILICO AND IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF SYNTHESIZED DIAZENYLSULFONAMIDES AS APOPTOSIS INDUCERS AND RADICAL SCAVENGERS
Authors: Sarangi Priyambada Kshiroda Nandini , Sahoo Jyotirmaya , Sahoo Chita Ranjan , Paidesetty Sudhir Kumar , Mohanta Guru Prasad
Published: September 2021

A series of eight quinoline-thiazole hybrid-bearing diazenylsulfonamides, 4a-4h, were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, FT/IR, 1H NMR and lC-MS. These compounds were formed when two prepared intermediate precursors of Schiff-base compounds, (E)-N-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-4phenylthiazol-2-amine (3a) and (E)-N-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-4-chlorophenylthiazol-2-amine (3b) were converted to the corresponding diazenyl compounds 4a-4h by treating and coupling with the individual diazonium salts of sulfa-drugs. The results of in vitro cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds in two cancer cell lines MCF 7 (human breast cancer cell line) and K562 (myelogenousleukemia cell line) have shown the IC50 values as given: 4b against MCF 7 19.52 and against K562 20.55µM; 4d against MCF 7 15.96 and against K562 13.05µM. Moreover, the compound 4-(((Z)-(2-chloroquinolin-3yl)(4-phenylthiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonic acid (4d) induced maximum percentage of apoptosis. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant activity study revealed that among all the synthesized compounds, compound 4d has an excellent radical scavenging effect. Molecular docking was additionally performed to investigate the binding affinity of H-bonding interaction of synthesized compounds with a targeted enzyme and to compare it with the anticancer drugs, dasatinib, bosutinib and dacarbazine.
LEAD IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROXAMATE DERIVATIVE AS SELECTIVE HDAC2 INHIBITOR USING COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES
Authors: Shirbhate E. Divya , Patel V.K. , Patel P. , Veerasamy R. , Jawaid T. , Kamal M. , Rajak H.
Published: September 2021

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been established as a novel class of anticancer agents. The HDAC enzyme plays a vital role in gene transcription for regulation of cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis, immune pathways and angiogenesis. In this work, a series of 49 hydroxamate derivatives with available IC50 data were analyzed by computational method for the identification of leads. 3D-QSAR and pharmacophore modeling investigation were accomplished to identify the crucial pharmacophoric features and correlate 3D-chemical structure with HDAC inhibitory activity. The e-pharmacophore script and phase module were used for development of pharmacophore hypotheses, which characterized the 3D arrangement of molecular features necessary for the presence of biological activity. The 3D-QSAR analyses were carried out for five partial least square (PLS) factor model with excellent information and predictive ability, acquired R2 =0.9824, Q2 =0.8473 and with low standard deviation SD=0.2161. Molecular docking studies showed intermolecular interactions between small molecules and some amino acids, such as GLY140, Zn501, HIS132 and PHE 141 with good GlideScore as compared with that of vorinostat (SAHA).
NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TUKHME KARAFS (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L.) AGAINST GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: Naushad Mohd , Urooj Mohd , Ahmed Tasleem , Husain Gulam Mohammed , Kazmi Munawwar Husain , Javed Ghazala , Zakir Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Tukhme Karafs is the seed of Apium graveolens L., which is an important aromatic plant grown globally as a fresh herb and widely used as salad crop. This seed possesses potential pharmacological activity like hepatoprotective, diuretic and lithotriptic. The present study was designed to evaluate nephroprotective effect of Tukhme Karafs against gentamicin (80 mg/kg BW) induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. The effect was tested at two dose levels i.e. 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg BW (calculated based on clinical dose mentioned in Unani literature). The study was divided into curative and protective models. The efficacy was determined based on estimation of biochemical parameters (creatinine, uric acid, BUN and serum electrolytes) along with quantification of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) using ELISA method in kidney tissue homogenate and histopathological study of kidney tissue. The findings of the study showed that Tukhme Karafs at both tested doses showed prominent reduction of biochemical parameters as compared to negative control group in both models. KIM-1 reduction was observed but was not statistically significant in both the models. Histopathological changes showed that drugs have inhibited gentamicin induced injury in both models. These results confirm the nephroprotective effect of Tukhme Karafs.
NEED FOR REGULATORY AFFAIRS PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Narayana D B Anantha
Published: September 2021

Dear Reader, Scientists seldom try to read regulations, let alone understand or interpret them. Most pharmacy students would have studied a subject called Forensic Pharmacy and read the almost bible like book by late Prof. B M Mittal with the same title. Late Mr. KattiShettar, the then Drugs Controller of Karnataka taught me this subject. He used to bring printed cartons, labels, literature while teaching Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Rules in 1970-71. He used to tell me “what kind of research scientist would you become if you don’t know regulations?”
The Investigation of Savonius Type and Darrieus H Type Wind Turbine Simulation with Wind Speed Variable
Authors: Utama Wibby Aditya Putra , Bow Yohandri , Yusi M. Syahirman
Published: September 2021

The demand for electrical energy that continues to increase along with the advancement of civilization and also the increasing number of people as well as the reduced level of fulfillment and availability of non-renewable energy sources, it is necessary to have renewable energy resources that capable of fulfill these energy demand in a more environmental friendly. One of the natural energies that we can use is wind energy, which is easy to get and lasts continuously. This research examines the comparison of the power generated from the vertical axis wind turbine savonius type and darrieus H type. The wind that use in this research get from from the fan. The test is doing by varying the wind speed by adjusting the fan speed. The fan is directed to the wind turbine to rotate the wind turbine. To measure the wind speed produced by the fan, a digital anemometer is used. The result of this research is the relation data of voltage to rpm and voltage to wind speed of wind turbine.
Syngas Characteristics from UCG Gasification Process with Lignite and Subbituminous Coal Types
Authors: Sarmidi  , Yerizam Muhammad , Syarif Aida
Published: September 2021

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is the process of converting the materials used to make synthetic gas in a feasible and economically attractive manner as a method for harnessing energy from underground coal sources. Coal gasification will produce a gas producer in the form of synthetic gas (syngas) with the main components consisting of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) and low pollutants. The highest temperature produced with MT 47 lignite coal using an oxygen velocity of 5 liters/minute was 2400 C at the 35th minute, while the lowest temperature was 950 C at the 95th minute. For Subbituminous AL 51 coal using an oxygen velocity of 5 liters/minute, the highest temperature is 3540 C at 75 minutes, while the lowest temperature is 1060 C at 130 minutes. At an oxygen velocity of 5 liters/minute the flash point / burn test is on the MT 47 lignite coal type in the 10th minute and at a temperature of 1700 C. Meanwhile, the AL 51 subbituminous coal type is in the 30th minute and at a temperature of 3130 C. Based on the discussion and analysis of data from the gasification test of lignite and subbituminous coal with variations in oxygen velocity of 5 liters/minute, the results obtained are that lignite coal burns faster (burn test) in the 10th minute at a temperature of 1700 C, in the subbituminous type it has higher temperature 3130 C and longer burn test at 30 minutes.
Analysis of the Performance of The Four-Blade Darrieus Wind Turbine at the Jamik Bukit Asam Mosque Complex Tanjung Enim South Sumatra
Authors: Kamal Mustafa , Arifin Fatahul , Rusdianasari
Published: September 2021

Several types of renewable energy have been developed, such as solar energy, biomass, hydro energy, geothermal, and wind energy. Wind energy is an up-and-coming alternative and renewable energy. Wind energy is more environmentally friendly than available energy sources and has more accessible operational and maintenance costs. Indonesia has a relatively small natural wind energy potential because the wind speed in Indonesia is on average 3-6 m/s due to its location. Geographically, it is located in the equatorial area, especially the Muara Enim area, South Sumatra. This study aims to design a prototype the four-blade darrieus type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) needed for the utilization of wind energy which is used for Coffee Shop electricity needs at the Jamik Bukit Asam Tanjung Enim Mosque complex, South Sumatra, with the conclusion that the wind turbine, wind turbine rotation, the magnitude of the output voltage and The current generated significantly affects the wind speed in the area.
THE EPIDEMICS OF COVID-19
Authors: Siddique A , Fateh A , Idrees N , Ali Q , Hafeez MM , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Due to modernization and industrialization the whole world population is under the threat of new diseases. With the passage of every day even every moment the diseases are taking the world by large. Recently, there is a new public health issue which started from China and has raised the eyebrow of the whole world population. The reversal and modified coronavirus, known as novel coronavirus leading to acute Respiratory syndrome coronavirus, (SAR-CoV-2) is causing deaths throughout the world. This Virus has been originated and usually found in bats with an ability to be transmitted to humans or animals through various unknown intermediate vectors from Wuhan, The Hubei Province of China ( December 2019). This virus has been named as COVID-19, which spread through inhalation or even through contacting with the infected person. The survival and the incubation period of this virus have been found to be ranged from 2-14days. Most one of the three people suffering are found to be asymptomatic, act as carrier and they are source of transmitting it to the healthy people. The disease has been found to be remained mild in most of the people with symptoms which are usually in the form of cough, fever, fatigue, sore throat, malaise, breathlessness lack of taste and among others, it may lead to pneumonia, multi-organ dysfunction and severe respiratory disorders, the fatality rate is 2-3%. It can be diagnosed by respiratory secretion through molecular test. The tomographic scan of chest has been found abnormal in most of cases, even among those patients who have been suffered with mild or no symptoms. Antiviral agents are being used in treating the disease due to lack of solid medicine in the market. It has been recommended to isolate the person with mild, severe of chronic symptoms and to take possible precautionary measures as the virus spread faster than its two previous strains as SAR CoV and Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MER-CoV) which had low fatality rate.
Bios Theōrētikos, Bios Politikos
Authors: Bennington Geoffrey
Published: September 2021

The difficult relation of politics and philosophy has most often been negotiated with reference to the distinction between the bios theōrētikos and the bios politiōs. It is argued that this opposition is unstable from Aristotle onwards, and that effects of that instability can be read throughout the tradition, through Kant and Hegel, up to and including Hannah Arendt and John Rawls, Jacques Ranciere, Alain Badiou, Giorgio Agamben and Hardt & Negri. The instability of that distinction calls for a deconstructive rather than a dialectical understanding of difference.
Democracy (Arendt, Aristotle)
Authors: Bennington Geoffrey
Published: September 2021

Aristotle’s recognition of an irreducible plurality in politics is pursued initially in the context of his effaced recognition of the issue of sexual difference, as ambiguously retrieved for political thinking in Hannah Arendt. More generally, the complexities of Aristotle’s account of democracy as the least bad of “deviant” regimes is shown to lead to a more affirmative view of democracy once it is established that all political regimes are in a certain sense “deviant.” Aristotle’s own attempt to master the potential excess of democracy by appealing to the notion of the “mean” is shown to be incoherent, and his account of an extreme form of democracy as collapsing into anarchy is retrieved as an insight into the potentially catastrophic effects of trying to think democracy in teleological terms.
Nature, Sovereignty, Government (Spinoza, Rousseau)
Authors: Bennington Geoffrey
Published: September 2021

In Hobbes’s wake, Spinoza is shown to demonstrate an affinity between democracy and the immediately pre-political state of nature and is credited with an insight into the essentially failing structure of sovereignty in general. After a brief analysis of Kant, the importance of the transitional moment from nature to politics is pursued in Rousseau, who explicitly brings out the implication of language in this transition. Rousseau’s own notion of sovereignty as inherently collective is explored, and it is shown that that sovereignty must rely on at least two originary supplements in order to have a chance of being in fact sovereign. The first supplement, the legislator, has been discussed at length elsewhere: this chapter focuses on the second, namely government, and it is again stressed that the formation of any government in Rousseau’s account again involves a moment of proto-democracy. It is shown how in Rousseau this government, without which the sovereign would not be sovereign, inevitably ends up usurping the sovereignty it supposedly allows for and supports.
Postscript
Authors: Bennington Geoffrey
Published: September 2021

The “poetic,” rhyming affinity of “scatter” and “matter” is noted, and an unpublished seminar of Derrida’s is quoted to establish the possibility of a cautious elaboration of a materialism that accompanies a generalized “politics,” no longer thought of in the traditional terms the book has been concerned to deconstruct.
Racial Inclusion and Justice at Catholic Colleges and Universities: From Tokenism to Participation
Authors: Beyer Gerald J.
Published: September 2021

The chapter considers various elements of the discussion concerning racial equity and inclusion on college campuses today. It presents some statistics showing persistence of racism on college campuses today, higher education’s historical ties to slavery and white supremacy, the prevalence of micro-aggressions and racial battle fatigue, and some recent resistance to diversity and inclusivity on Catholic campuses. The author argues that Catholic social teaching requires moving beyond tokenism to promoting the equality and right to participation of people of color in all facets of campus life and offers some practical suggestions for achieving this goal. As in the case of U.S. higher education as a whole, some progress has been made at Catholic colleges and universities to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion of racially minoritized students, faculty, and staff. However, the author contends much work remains to be done.
Introduction: The Philosophical Conjuncture
Authors: Brown Nathan
Published: September 2021

The Introduction argues that the mutually reinforcing relationship between speculation and critique depends upon sustaining a methodological tension between rationalism and empiricism. I explicate the stakes of this tension through engagements with Gaston Bachelard’s epistemology of science and Louis Althusser’s theory of the epistemological break. I frame the contemporary relevance of the “rationalist empiricist” approach developed by these thinkers through Quentin Meillassoux’s After Finitude, showing how tools from Bachelard and Althusser enable the construction of a more rigorous materialist epistemology than that offered by Meillassoux. I conclude with a critique of the “subjective dogmatism” of Kant’s theory of purposiveness and with a reflection upon Alfred North Whitehead’s definition of philosophy.
Hegel’s Cogito: On the Genetic Epistemology of Critical Metaphysics
Authors: Brown Nathan
Published: September 2021

Chapter 3 pursues the consequences of Hegel’s claim that his method in the Science of Logic does not obey the opposition of the a priori and the a posteriori. Positioning my account of Hegel with respect to other major interpretations, I argue that Hegel’s dialectic depends upon a constant movement between the experience of thinking and its rational consequences, between “what happens in thought” and “what has to be said.” From this perspective, I develop a theory of the relation between the possible and the actual, the necessary and the contingent in “The Logic of Essence.”
Where’s Number Four?: The Place of Structure in Plato’s Timaeus
Authors: Brown Nathan
Published: September 2021

Through a detailed reading of the Timaeus, I show that the concept of structure plays an implicitly central but untheorized role in Plato’s philosophy. Plato holds apart form and matter, while theorizing the participation of particulars in universal ideas. I argue that “structure” is the concept necessary to understand the doctrine of participation, and that it mediates between the ideal and the material, the formal and the physical, in Platonic theory. This argument is developed through an engagement with the theory of the so-called Platonic solids in the Timaeus: Plato’s account of the geometrical structure of the elements. The chapter concludes by positioning this theory of structure in relation to Badiou’s “Mark and Lack” and Derrida’s Introduction to Husserl’s Origin of Geometry.
Badiou After Meillassoux: The Politics of the Problem of Induction
Authors: Brown Nathan
Published: September 2021

Chapter 8 reads Quentin Meillassoux’s revival of the problem of induction back into the work of his mentor, Alain Badiou. I argue that Badiou’s theory of the event and of truth procedures can be understood in terms of the aporetic relation of the past to the future theorized by Hume’s famous critique of the grounds of inductive judgment. While Hume overcomes his sceptical doubts through a pragmatic theory of habit (rather than a theory of rationally or empirically grounded knowledge of cause and effect), Badiou’s theory of the subject depends upon a capacity to act within the default of habit: in situations where the genesis of habits in the past is inadequate to the construction of the future in the present. Exemplifying this approach to political action through the political sequence of Occupy Oakland (2011–2012), the chapter develops an account of the political relay between theory and practice.
Conclusion: The True, the Good, the Beautiful
Authors: Brown Nathan
Published: September 2021

I conclude by assessing the stakes of my theory of rationalist empiricism for concepts of the True, the Good, and the Beautiful. Thus, I return to the three concepts corresponding to Kant’s three Critiques and rethink their import from the position of speculative critique, rather than transcendental critique. The conclusion engages all four major fields in which the book intervenes: epistemology, ontology, political theory, and aesthetics.
Introduction: Secularization and the Resurrection of the Flesh
Authors: Gil Daniel Juan
Published: September 2021

The introduction traces the intellectual history of resurrection from the Hellenistic era through the Reformation and up to the advent of the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century. To make the idea of resurrection more compatible with an emerging secular modernity it is gradually modified in the direction of dualism by positing a detachable soul that lives on after death. But the ancient hope for the resurrection of the body and its flesh lives on as an oppositional discourse that challenges key institutions of an emerging secular modernity including the models of selfhood, subjectivity, and agency it assumes and privileges. The critical potential of the residual idea of the resurrection of the body and its flesh is most evident in the most experimental poetry of the century, which I argue anticipates the avant-garde poetry of the early twentieth century theorized by Renato Poggioli and Peter Bürger. The formally experimental poetry of Donne, Herbert, Vaughan, and Jonson is a tool for bringing to light a deranging experience of being vibrant matter at the heart of the socialized self.
Wanting to Be Another Person: Resurrection and Avant-Garde Poetics in George Herbert
Authors: Gil Daniel Juan
Published: September 2021

George Herbert’s poetry frames the body in the light of an eventual resurrection as a way of deranging any conventional sense of self or identity. Herbert is interested in the hypothesis that beneath the ambitions, emotions, and personal history of his socially conditioned self, there is another self that inheres in the body and that is in some sense “truer” than his social self. Herbert thus uses his poetry to seek a self (and a voice) that is different than the highly acculturated social person “George Herbert.” For Herbert, formally experimental poetry is a way of articulating the voice of this other self. Herbert drives his poetry to the point where his “own” voice is drowned out by a voice that is associated with the body. The chapter also examines what Herbert’s poetic theory of identity implies about an understanding of the emotions which are a key focus of many of Herbert’s poems. The chapter ends by examining the impact Herbert had on readers. By moving from a vision of poetry as representation or as beautiful object to a vision of poetry as social praxis that creates communities, Herbert anticipates avant-gardist movements of the early twentieth century
Resurrection, Dualism, and Legal Personhood: Bodily Presence in Ben Jonson
Authors: Gil Daniel Juan
Published: September 2021

This chapter argues that Ben Jonson’s Volpone charts a massive cultural shift in which, within a rising capitalist order, a fully dualist understanding of resurrection is transformed into a legal personhood that allows the individual’s will to survive past the limit of death. Volpone represents the elegiac death knell for the specific form of counter-secularization that the rest of the book charts in which materialist and monist ideas of resurrection are celebrated for their critical power. However, Jonson’s own corpus of work is bifurcated between Volpone and his poetry, and most especially his poetry of praise and memorialization. In Jonson’s poetry he imagines that the separation of soul and body creates a gap in the symbolic fabric of the world, and he wants his poetry to fill this gap and he imagines his poems as an ersatz body. Jonson’s fantasy about poetry’s ability to make people present as textual bodies is similar to modern fantasies about the special incantatory power of “code” whether genetic code or computer-based code as a kind of language that does not represent but that enacts presence in the world.
Leaning Out, Caught in the Fall
Authors: Butler Judith
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, Judith Butler emphasises the importance of ambivalence in our affective ties, including the maternal ties that Cavarero celebrates. Butler indicates that Cavarero’s stereotypical reading risks enacting the very move that she seeks to avoid, for it could work to deny the dependency of the male subject. Butler shows how Kant’s description of the vertigo that philosophy experiences in the encounter with the sublime reveals the inclination that is already at the heart of philosophy. To finish, Butler argues that it may be necessary to distinguish inclination from bodily posture and from pre-dispositions if we are to think non-violence productively. Indeed, we may choose not to act on an inclination understood as a pre-disposition, and this may be the decisive moment in resisting violent action.
How to Do Things with Inclination
Authors: Honig Bonnie
Published: September 2021

Bonnie Honig argues that care relationships are often rather more ambivalent than Cavarero seems to acknowledge, emphasising the agonism that she identifies at the heart of social relations. In turning to Sophocles’ plays Antigone and also The Bacchae, she identifies figures of inclination characterised by sorority—at times agonistic—rather than maternity. Turning to Freud—so often disavowed or ignored by Cavarero and many Italian feminists—Honig recalls his argument that there is the figure of a vulture hidden in the folds of Leonardo’s painting The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne. This draws attention to the darker side of maternal care. Honig concludes by questioning whether Cavarero’s ethics of inclination might be too separatist, failing to act against the order of rectitude. She instead posits the need for a politics of refusal, that, sometimes erect, can stand against dominatory power.