bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the benefits of capacity payment, feed‐in‐tariff and time‐of‐use programme on long‐term renewable energy sources integration
Authors: Javadi Mohammad Sadegh , Nezhad Ali Esmaeel , Shafie‐khah Miadreza , Siano Pierluigi , Catalão João P.S.
Published: July 2019

Recently, demand response programmes (DRPs) have captured great attention in electric power systems. DRPs such as time‐of‐use (ToU) programme can be efficiently employed in the power system planning to reform the long‐term behaviour of the load demands. The composite generation expansion planning (GEP) and transmission expansion planning (TEP) known as composite GEP–TEP is of high significance in power systems to meet the future load demand of the system and also integrate renewable energy sources (RESs). In this regard, this study presents a dynamic optimisation framework for the composite GEP–TEP problem taking into consideration the ToU programme and also, the incentive‐based and supportive programmes. Accordingly, the performances of the capacity payment and feed‐in tariff mechanisms and the ToU programme in integrating RESs and reducing the total cost have been evaluated in this study. The problem has been formulated and solved as a standard two‐stage mixed‐integer linear programming model aimed at minimising the total costs. In this model, the ToU programme is applied and the results are fed into the expansion planning problem as the input. The proposed framework is simulated on the IEEE Reliability Test System to verify the effectiveness of the model and discuss the results obtained from implementing the mentioned mechanisms to support the RESs integration.
Optimal placement of data concentrators for expansion of the smart grid communications network
Authors: Zhen Todd , Elgindy Tarek , Alam S.M. Shafiul , Hodge Bri‐Mathias , Laird Carl D.
Published: July 2019

Evolving power systems with increasing renewables penetration, along with the development of the smart grid, calls for improved communication networks to support these distributed generation sources. Automatic and optimal placement of communication resources within the advanced metering infrastructure is critical to provide a high‐performing, reliable, and resilient power system. Three network design formulations based on mixed‐integer linear and non‐linear programming approaches are proposed to minimise network congestion by optimising residual buffer capacity through the placement of data concentrators and network routeing. Results on a case study show that the proposed models improve network connectivity and robustness, and increase average residual buffer capacity. Maximising average residual capacity alone, however, results in both oversaturated and underutilised nodes, while maximising either minimum residual capacity or total reciprocal residual capacity can yield much‐improved network load allocation. Consideration of connection redundancy improves network reliability further by ensuring quality‐of‐service in the event of an outage. Analysis of multi‐period network expansion shows that the models do not deviate significantly from optimal when used progressively (within 5% deviation), and are effective for utility planners to use for smart grid expansion.
Impact of access class barring in narrow band internet of things
Authors: Ramineni Chaturasan , Tiruchirai Gopalakrishnan Venkatesh
Published: July 2019

Low‐power wide‐area network (LPWAN) is an important category of internet of things network topology. LPWAN connects a massive number of low‐cost devices with low‐power consumption and long coverage range. Narrow band internet of things (NB‐IoT) is a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard specifically designed for LPWAN. Owing to massive connectivity random access channel (RACH) of NB‐IoT often gets overloaded. This potential problem needs to be addressed immediately. For controlling the RACH overload, 3GPP has introduced two access barring mechanisms in LTE, which are (i) access class barring and (ii) extended access barring (EAB). In NB‐IoT only EAB mechanism has been adopted. In this study, the authors show through simulations that broadcasting of the access barring factor and barring time in system information block‐2 can be used to improve the success probability and reduce the access delay of random access mechanism of NB‐IoT for different traffic models.
Strategy efficient to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks in a framework of hybrid sensors and vehicular networks for road safety
Authors: Bensiradj Taha , Moussaoui Samira
Published: July 2019

In the last few years, hybrid sensors and vehicular networks (HSVN) has been proposed to create a reliable framework of collaboration between wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployed on roads and the Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET). The main objectives of HSVN are the improvement of road safety and performances of the two networks. To evaluate the performance of HSVN, there are two metrics. These metrics are detection‐efficient of events and best delivery delay of messages while saving as much as possible the sensor energy. In this study, a strategy efficient allowing extending the lifetime of WSNs has been proposed. This strategy is based on three solutions. Firstly, the proposition of an algorithm which is based on the proprieties of roads to decompose the WSNs into clusters. Secondly, achieving a simple method to select clusters’ head according to the sensor energy and its location. Thirdly, proposition of an algorithm using dynamic‐sleeping periods. Obtained results prove that the strategy allows conserving sensor energy while ensuring the best delay of transmission of messages.
Joint node selection, flow routing, and cell coverage optimisation for network sum‐rate maximisation in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Baidas Mohammed W. , Awad Mohamad K. , El‐Amine Ahmad , Hassan Omar A. , Sherman Shen Xuemin
Published: July 2019

In this study, the problems of joint node selection, flow routing, and cell coverage optimisation in energy‐constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are considered. Due to the energy constraints on network nodes, maximising network sum‐rate under target network lifetime, flow routing, cell coverage, and minimum rate constraints is of paramount importance in WSNs. To this end, a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming problem is formulated, where the aim is to optimally select which network nodes to act as sensors or relays while ensuring connectivity to the fusion centre optimised network flows, and full network coverage. The formulated problem happens to be NP‐hard (i.e. computationally prohibitive). In turn, a solution procedure based on the branch and bound with the reformulation‐linearisation technique (BB‐RLT) is devised to provide a ‐optimal solution to the formulated problem. Simulation results are presented to validate the efficacy of the devised BB‐RLT solution procedure. This work provides significant theoretical results on network sum‐rate maximisation for WSNs under a variety of practical constraints.
Monopulse angle measurement with mainlobe interference based on the auxiliary array
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Honggang , Liu Quanhua
Published: July 2019

When there is sidelobe interference in the array pattern, adaptive monopulse angle measurement can suppress interference and improve the accuracy of angle measurement. However, when the interference occurs in the mainlobe, the angle measurement performance will be seriously deteriorated. This problem can be solved well with the monopulse angle measurement algorithm based on auxiliary array. Here, auxiliary array radars are added to the main radar to extend the aperture of the array, and using the MSINR criterion or MMSE criterion to suppress the mainlobe interference, a good measurement accuracy can be obtained. The effectiveness of the method is proved by computer simulation.
Motion classification for radar moving target via STFT and convolution neural network
Authors: Mou Xiaoqian , Chen Xiaolong , Su Ningyuan , Guan Jian
Published: July 2019

Radar moving target detection (MTD) technology is a key technology in the field of radar signal processing. The MTD method of radar has a better performance when applied to uniform motion detection although it has limited performance in other aspects, and it is also difficult to distinguish the type of the moving target. This article presents a new method for detecting and classifying moving targets based on convolutional neural network, which uses the convolutional neural network to learn the motion characteristics of the moving target echo so that realises the detection and classification of moving targets. At first, the authors model the moving target echo. Then the short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) is used to perform time–frequency analysis. The obtained time–frequency graph is used as the input of the convolutional neural network which can automatically learns moving target features through training. Finally, the authors use the trained convolutional neural network model to detect and classify moving targets. The simulation verifies that the method has a great improvement in the detection accuracy rate compared with the traditional MTD.
Application of feature modelling method based on SAR image in target interpretation
Authors: Li Caiping , Zhou Xiaoming , Chang Lei
Published: July 2019

This study starts with the engineering modelling of SAR image features, analyses the platform elements that affect the image features, and designs the acquisition flow of samples and parameters. The two‐dimensional SAR image of the target is processed by three‐dimensional inverse projection and projected to the geometric model of the candidate target, and the three‐dimensional inverse projection scattering graph of the target is obtained. At the same time, the high‐frequency electromagnetic scattering calculation method is used to predict the 3D hot spot distribution of each candidate target, to improve the recognition accuracy of the target, and to achieve the goal of target interpretation. The actual results show that the target interpretation method based on SAR imaging feature modelling proposed here can effectively improve the target recognition rate.
Power divider based on vertical elliptical directional couplers with increased isolation and bandwidth
Authors: Wang Chenhao , Cui Jie , Guo Shanhong , Zhang Renli
Published: July 2019

In this study, a novel high‐isolation wideband divider based on multi‐layer elliptical defected ground structure coupler is presented along with its analytical theory and design procedure. The proposed divider could be conveniently applied for high‐ power applications with less loss for the absence of isolation resistors. The simulation results show that in 3.1–10.6 GHz, the return loss S11 and S22 are <−15 dB, the overall isolation S23 is <−20 dB and the best part achieves−50 dB. Insertion loss S21 and S31 are both >−4 dB within 4–9 GHz, and the amplitude and phase difference between port 2 and port 3 is <1 dB and 2°, respectively.
Design and characteristic analysis of hybrid OFD–LFM–PC waveforms in the MIMO radar
Authors: Hong Sheng , Dong Yantao , Ai Yu , Wang Yuhao , Zhao Zhixin
Published: July 2019

In this study, a new set of hybrid orthogonal frequency division–linear frequency modulation–phase coded (OFD–LFM–PC) waveforms are proposed to improve the detection performance of multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) radars. In the time domain, the inherent sidelobe properties of the spatial synthesised signal of the hybrid OFD–LFM–PC waveforms are analysed. In the space domain, the transmitting power pattern of the designed waveforms is derived. The influence of the modulated PC sequences on the temporal and spatial properties of the proposed waveforms is also studied. The proposed waveforms can suppress the temporal sidelobes greatly and obtain almost omnidirectional transmitting power pattern which is preferred for target detection in wide area. Simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed waveforms over the commonly used OFD–LFM waveforms.
Real‐time detection of traffic congestion based on trajectory data
Authors: Yang Qing , Yue Zhongwei , Chen Ru , Zhang Jingwei , Hu Xiaoli , Zhou Ya
Published: July 2019

Traffic congestion is common in most cities. It not only affects people's normal travel time but also causes more traffic crashes. To solve the traffic congestion and reduce the corresponding hazards, it is necessary to quickly detect the location of traffic congestion. In view of the fact that the trajectory data record the temporal and spatial information of moving objects, this article presents two methods for the real‐time detection of traffic congestion through real‐time processing of trajectory data. One is to use distributed densit‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering to detect the location of traffic congestion. The other is to perform distributed topology analysis of trajectory data to find congested areas. Finally, extensive experiments that involved using three real datasets to simulate both real‐time detection methods on Spark Streaming demonstrated the efficiency of the two methods.
Multi‐objective linear fractional inventory model with possibility and necessity constraints under generalised intuitionistic fuzzy set environment
Authors: Garai Totan , Garg Harish
Published: July 2019

This study presented a multi‐objective linear fractional inventory (LFI) problem with generalised intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. In modelling, the authors have assumed the ambiances where generalised trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (GTIFNs) used to handle the uncertain information in the data. Then, the given multi‐objective generalised intuitionistic fuzzy LFI model was transformed into its equivalent deterministic linear fractional programming problem by employing the possibility and necessity measures. Finally, the applicability of the model is demonstrated with a numerical example and the sensitivity analysis under several parameters is investigated to explore the study.
A Hypoxic Environment Attenuates Exercise-Induced Procoagulant Changes Due to Decreased Platelet Activation
Authors: Kicken Cécile H. , van der Vorm Lisa N. , Zwaveling Suzanne , Schoenmaker Evi , Remijn Jasper A. , Huskens Dana , de Laat Bas
Published: July 2019

Introduction Although physical exercise is protective against cardiovascular disease, it can also provoke sudden cardiac death (exercise paradox). Epidemiological studies suggest that systemic hypoxia at high altitude is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Forthcoming, this study investigated the effect of repeated exercise at high altitude on blood coagulation, platelet function, and fibrinolysis.

Methods Six trained male volunteers were recruited. Participants ascended from sea level to 3,375 m altitude. They performed four exercise tests at 65 to 80% of their heart-rate reserve during 2 hours: one time at sea level and three times on consecutive days at 3,375 m altitude. Thrombin generation (TG) was measured in whole blood (WB) and platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma. Coagulation factor levels were measured. Platelet activation was measured as αIIbβ3 activation and P-selectin expression. Fibrinolysis was studied using a clot-lysis assay.

Results Normoxic exercise increased plasma peak TG through increased factor VIII (FVIII), and increased von Willebrand factor (VWF) and active VWF levels. Platelet granule release potential was slightly decreased. After repetitive hypoxic exercise, the increase in (active) VWF tapered, and there was no more distinct exercise-related increase in peak. Platelet aggregation potential and platelet-dependent TG decreased at high altitude. There were no effects on fibrinolysis upon exercise and/or hypoxia.

Conclusion Strenuous exercise induces a procoagulant state that is mediated by the endothelium, by increasing VWF and secondarily raising FVIII levels. After repetitive exercise, the amplitude of the endothelial response to exercise diminishes. A hypoxic environment appears to further attenuate the procoagulant changes by decreasing platelet activation and platelet-dependent TG.
A ConFlat iris diaphragm device for direct beam control and alignment inside a vacuum chamber
Authors: Zhang Yi C. , Lee David Y.
Published: July 2019

We describe an easy-to-assemble and robust design of a ConFlat (CF) iris diaphragm device installed in a vacuum environment with its aperture size directly adjustable by users outside the vacuum. This design involves commercially available vacuum equipment, 3D-printed but vacuum-compatible components and a minimal need of professional machining to be straightforwardly taken advantage by a wide range of research groups. The iris diaphragm is centered in a 4.5 in. o.d. double-sided CF flange with user-customizable mounting orientation to allow a maximum range of aperture opening from 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. Installation of this device does not require an additional pump for differential pumping across the iris diaphragm. The functionality of this device is examined at a pressure of ∼7 ×10−9 Torr to provide continuous control on the cross section of a light beam passed through the aperture.
A method of using geomagnetic anomaly to recognize objects based on HOG and 2D-AVMD
Authors: Zheng Jianyong , Fan Hongbo , Yin Gang , Li Zhining
Published: July 2019

In order to identify the shape of underground small magnetic anomaly objects, we use Support Vector Machines (SVM) to identify the underground magnetic anomaly targets. Firstly, as the SVM needs a lot of training data, and we also need to make full use of the magnetic field signal, nine component signals including total magnetic intensity (TMI) and five independent components of tensor are calculated from the original detected magnetic signal. Secondly, the nine component signals are subjected respectively to two-dimensional adaptively variational mode decomposition (2D-AVMD), which is advanced based on the two indicators, namely Mutual information (MI) and empirical entropy (EE), and we can get the nine primary signals from the decomposition results of nine component signals called the Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF). Then, the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) of the nine primary signals is extracted, and the feature data would be constructed into feature vectors. In the end, Support Vector Machines (SVM) are adopted to process these feature vectors. The output of the SVM can indicate the result of small objects’ shape recognition under the ground. Experiments prove that the shape recognition accuracy of underground small magnetic anomaly object recognition reaches 90%.
Label-free chemical imaging flow cytometry by high-speed multicolor stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Kobayashi Koya , Wakisaka Yoshifumi , Deng Dinghuan , Tanaka Shunji , Huang Chun-Jung , Lei Cheng , Sun Chia-Wei , Liu Hanqin , Fujiwaki Yasuhiro , Lee Sangwook , Isozaki Akihiro , Kasai Yusuke , Hayakawa Takeshi , Sakuma Shinya , Arai Fumihito , Koizumi Kenichi , Tezuka Hiroshi , Inaba Mary , Hiraki Kei , Ito Takuro , Hase Misa , Matsusaka Satoshi , Shiba Kiyotaka , Suga Kanako , Nishikawa Masako , Jona Masahiro , Yatomi Yutaka , Yalikun Yaxiaer , Tanaka Yo , Sugimura Takeaki , Nitta Nao , Goda Keisuke , Ozeki Yasuyuki
Published: July 2019

Combining the strength of flow cytometry with fluorescence imaging and digital image analysis, imaging flow cytometry is a powerful tool in diverse fields including cancer biology, immunology, drug discovery, microbiology, and metabolic engineering. It enables measurements and statistical analyses of chemical, structural, and morphological phenotypes of numerous living cells to provide systematic insights into biological processes. However, its utility is constrained by its requirement of fluorescent labeling for phenotyping. Here we present label-free chemical imaging flow cytometry to overcome the issue. It builds on a pulse pair-resolved wavelength-switchable Stokes laser for the fastest-to-date multicolor stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy of fast-flowing cells on a 3D acoustic focusing microfluidic chip, enabling an unprecedented throughput of up to ∼140 cells/s. To show its broad utility, we use the SRS imaging flow cytometry with the aid of deep learning to study the metabolic heterogeneity of microalgal cells and perform marker-free cancer detection in blood.
Patronus is the elusive plant securin, preventing chromosome separation by antagonizing separase
Authors: Cromer Laurence , Jolivet Sylvie , Singh Dipesh Kumar , Berthier Floriane , De Winne Nancy , De Jaeger Geert , Komaki Shinichiro , Prusicki Maria Ada , Schnittger Arp , Guérois Raphael , Mercier Raphael
Published: July 2019

Significance

Accurate chromosome segregation at mitosis and meiosis is crucial to prevent genome instability, birth defect, and cancer. Accordingly, separase, the protease that triggers chromosome distribution, is tightly regulated by a direct inhibitor, the securin. However, securin has not been identified, neither functionnally nor by sequence similarity, in other clades that fungi and animals. This raised doubts about the conservation of this mechanism in other branches of eukaryotes. Here, we identify and characterize the securin in plants. Despite extreme sequence divergence, the securin kept the same core function and is likely a universal regulator of cell division in eukaryotes.
The flowering hormone florigen accelerates secondary cell wall biogenesis to harmonize vascular maturation with reproductive development
Authors: Shalit-Kaneh Akiva , Eviatar-Ribak Tamar , Horev Guy , Suss Naomi , Aloni Roni , Eshed Yuval , Lifschitz Eliezer
Published: July 2019

Florigen, a proteinaceous hormone, functions as a universal long-range promoter of flowering and concurrently as a generic growth-attenuating hormone across leaf and stem meristems. In flowering plants, the transition from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase entails the orchestration of new growth coordinates and a global redistribution of resources, signals, and mechanical loads among organs. However, the ultimate cellular processes governing the adaptation of the shoot system to reproduction remain unknown. We hypothesized that if the mechanism for floral induction is universal, then the cellular metabolic mechanisms underlying the conditioning of the shoot system for reproduction would also be universal and may be best regulated by florigen itself. To understand the cellular basis for the vegetative functions of florigen, we explored the radial expansion of tomato stems. RNA-Seq and complementary genetic and histological studies revealed that florigen of endogenous, mobile, or induced origins accelerates the transcription network navigating secondary cell wall biogenesis as a unit, promoting vascular maturation and thereby adapting the shoot system to the developmental needs of the ensuing reproductive phase it had originally set into motion. We then demonstrated that a remarkably stable and broadly distributed florigen promotes
MADS
and
MIF
genes, which in turn regulate the rate of vascular maturation and radial expansion of stems irrespective of flowering or florigen level. The dual acceleration of flowering and vascular maturation by florigen provides a paradigm for coordinated regulation of independent global developmental programs.
Exposing the inadequacy of redox formalisms by resolving redox inequivalence within isovalent clusters
Authors: Bartholomew Amymarie K. , Teesdale Justin J. , Hernández Sánchez Raúl , Malbrecht Brian J. , Juda Cristin E. , Ménard Gabriel , Bu Wei , Iovan Diana A. , Mikhailine Alexandre A. , Zheng Shao-Liang , Sarangi Ritimukta , Wang SuYin Grass , Chen Yu-Sheng , Betley Theodore A.
Published: July 2019

In this report we examine a family of trinuclear iron complexes by multiple-wavelength, anomalous diffraction (MAD) to explore the redox load distribution within cluster materials by the free refinement of atomic scattering factors. Several effects were explored that can impact atomic scattering factors within clusters, including 1) metal atom primary coordination sphere, 2) M−M bonding, and 3) redox delocalization in formally mixed-valent species. Complexes were investigated which vary from highly symmetric to fully asymmetric by
57
Fe Mössbauer and X-ray diffraction to explore the relationship between MAD-derived data and the data available from these widely used characterization techniques. The compounds examined include the all-ferrous clusters [

n

Bu
4
N][(
tbs
L)Fe
3
(μ
3
–Cl)] (1) ([
tbs
L]
6–
= [1,3,5-C
6
H
9
(NC
6
H
4
-
o
-NSi

t

BuMe
2
)
3
]
6–
]), (
tbs
L)Fe
3
(py) (2), [K(C
222
)]
2
[(
tbs
L)Fe
3
(μ
3
–NPh)] (4) (C
222
= 2,2,2-cryptand), and the mixed-valent (
tbs
L)Fe
3
(μ
3
–NPh) (3). Redox delocalization in mixed-valent 3 was explored with cyclic voltammetry (CV), zero-field
57
Fe Mössbauer, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography techniques. We find that the MAD results show an excellent correspondence to
57
Fe Mössbauer data; yet also can distinguish between subtle changes in local coordination geometries where Mössbauer cannot. Differences within aggregate oxidation levels are evident by systematic shifts of scattering factor envelopes to increasingly higher energies. However, distinguishing local oxidation levels in iso- or mixed-valent materials can be dramatically obscured by the degree of covalent intracore bonding. MAD-derived atomic scattering factor data emphasize in-edge features that are often difficult to analyze by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Thus, relative oxidation levels within the cluster were most reliably ascertained from comparing the entire envelope of the atomic scattering factor data.
The absence of God
Authors: Dadà Silvia
Published: July 2019

Famously, the dialogical dimension is central to Levinas’ notion of ethical relationship, as the intersubjective relation is interpreted in terms of responsibility, that is, as the answer to the call of the other. This relationship, however, is not exhausted in the I-Thou dimension, but finds its ultimate meaning in a third person, God (illeity). In this article, I am going to consider the role of God in this dialogical dimension, and how this role can contribute in answering the problems of the contemporary debate about interreligious dialogue. In order to do this, I will start by considering the different ways in which Levinas talks about God and about His role in the ethical relationship. In particular, I will focus on the notions of “trace” and “enigma”, and on how these point to the particular mode of being of God that is, to His absence. Indeed, God “comes to mind” in the face of the other man, but He is never directly present: it is a trace that testifies to the passage of something that is not there anymore. This peculiarity of God makes it so that His revelation is never complete but, on the contrary, He conceals Himself to the point of effacement.

Finally, on these grounds, I will consider how this aspect of Levinas’ thought can be useful to develop a strategy for the interreligious dialogue. In particular, I will consider how the fact that God reveals himself with a view to His own effacement has two separate goals: first, to make it so that the responsibility is directed completely at the other man, without being contaminated by the hope for a reward or the fear of a punishment and, secondly, to avoid His Name giving raise to conflicts.
The “water memory affair”
Authors: Ragouet Pascal
Published: July 2019

In the sociology of science, certain authors claim that the analysis of controversies may take place in an analytical framework which states that science is not an activity that is regulated by shared standards and that nature may play only a marginal role in the assessment and validation of scientific knowledge. From the case of the water memory controversy, we will show that one of the conditions determining the possibility of scientific debates relates to the existence of an epistemic ethos constituted of three norms (realism, coherentism and skepticism). These norms frame argumentative exchanges. Moreover, the aporias of the empirical sub-determination of controversies will be highlighted by discussing in particular the argument of the experimenter’s regress.
Metaphor in the age of mechanical production
Authors: Veale Tony
Published: July 2019

A large repository of familiar linguistic metaphors is also an implicit repository of the knowledge any agent needs to generate and understand novel linguistic metaphors. Moreover, a sufficiently large repository of resonant juxtapositions is a rich source of the potential metaphors that an active imagination can rework and reframe as deliberate metaphors of its own. When using Web data as a knowledge resource for metaphor, it makes sense to think of the algorithms and tools for manipulating this knowledge as services that can be called upon to generate and understand deliberate metaphors on demand. A Web service called MetaphorMagnet that provides this functionality to third-party clients is presented, allowing other applications to exhibit a measure of their own figurative creativity.
VisMet and the crowd
Authors: Bolognesi Marianna , Timmermans Benjamin , Aroyo Lora
Published: July 2019

This chapter describes the data collection and analysis related to a new digital resource soon to be added to the VisMet 1.0 corpus of visual metaphor (http://www.vismet.org/VisMet/, Bolognesi, van den Heerik, van den Berg, 2018), consisting of crowdsourced tags.1 Tags are keywords used by online coders,2 non-expert of metaphors, to annotate and describe the images to which they were exposed, for different amounts of seconds.

The semantic information retrieved through this Social tagging
3 experiment allows us to explore the type of information that users extract from visual metaphors, in a setting that better resembles the natural environment in which these images are usually experienced (i.e., for very limited amounts of seconds).4 We hereby provide methodological guidelines on this innovative procedure and report the results of our data collection and content analysis in which we manually classified the type of semantic information encoded in the tags.
MetaNet.HR
Authors: Despot Kristina Š. , Tonković Mirjana , Essert Mario , Brdar Mario , Perak Benedikt , Ostroški Anić Ana , Nahod Bruno , Pandžić Ivan
Published: July 2019

This paper describes the theoretical background, methodology, tasks, results, and challenges of the MetaNet.HR (Croatian Metaphor Repository) project. It combines a theory-driven introspective top-down approach that analyzes the system of conceptual metaphors in the Croatian language (following the methodology of the MetaNet project) with a bottom-up corpus-based approach that analyzes how metaphors are used in language corpora. The project involves linguistic, computational, and psychological tasks. The main result of the project is a figurative language database – MetaNet.HR (http://ihjj.hr/metafore/). This database lists conceptual metaphors and metonymies decomposed into source-target relations among cognitive primitives, image schemas, and semantic frames, which are further decomposed into semantic roles. The database includes annotated metaphor examples and links to experiments, if applicable.
Mereology in the flesh
Authors: Devylder Simon
Published: July 2019

Figurative language repositories typically encompass expressions that are coded manually in formal content analyses. This chapter proposes to discuss a number of theoretical and methodological issues related to mereology – the study of parts, wholes, and their relation – that are crucial for coding part–whole figurative expressions. This contribution draws the attention to the importance of: distinguishing language and experience of part whole relations; taking into account the existence of two different kinds of whole; and finding ways to implement these distinctions in coding schemes to be used to annotate figurative expressions in electronic repositories. Finally, based on cognitive scientific evidence, this chapter formulates a hypothesis on how part–whole relations are acquired through bodily experiences and therefore could indeed said to be “in the flesh”.
En voie de
Authors: Mulder Walter De
Published: July 2019

This contribution presents a comparison of the French prepositional expressions en voie de on the
one hand and en route / en chemin (pour) on the other. We aim to show that être en route and
être en chemin can be used as complex predicates resulting from a lexicalisation process, whereas
être en voie de has been transformed into a marker of grammatical aspect as a consequence of a
grammaticalization process. We then propose that the different evolution of both expressions can be explained by the fact that
voie had already in Old French a more abstract meaning than chemin and
route, which allowed it to designate a series of actions in direction of an objective. Finally, we propose to
explain the emergence of en voie de + deverbal noun / infinitive as an aspectual marker by noticing that it was
created at the moment French developed other analytic aspectual expressions in accordance with an abstract constructional pattern
‘expression/verb of movement + infinitive’.
On grammaticalized complex prepositions in Portuguese
Authors: Pinto de Lima José
Published: July 2019

Some complex prepositions (CPs) have long stories of grammaticalization behind them. In Portuguese, such is the case of the CPs that have started from simple elements such asanteortrás. In the present paper, I will observe the changes that have given rise to present-day Ptdiante de,perante,atrás de,detrás de, among other complex formations. It will be seen that spatial signaling (place or direction) plays an important role on the development of these prepositions, but that a tendency to neutralization of semantic differences may lead more recent forms to convey meanings already expressed by older forms, which in turn may spur the emergence of even more complex formations (de diante de,por detrás de, …). Increased complexity, however, seems to bring redundancy with it, a fact that calls for a satisfactory explanation. The complexification process is accompanied by context extension, from spatial to the temporal, and from these to more abstract realms (cause, condition, circumstance, …). As is to be expected from prepositions that are frequently used, they compete with other units, with which they may at first be in a complementary relation, but whose affinities in distribution and meaning may cause their replacement in the long run (diante deversusem face de,face a). Finally, another important phenomenon concerning these formations is their capacity to expand beyond their category, giving rise to morphologically related nouns and verbs.
Influence of homodyne-based feedback control on the entropic uncertainty in open quantum system*
Authors: Hu Juju , Xue Qin
Published: July 2019

For an open quantum system containing two qubits under homodyne-based feedback control, we investigate the dynamical behaviors of quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty. Moreover, we analyze the influence of feedback modes and coefficients on the entropic uncertainty. Numerical investigations show that the memory qubit should be placed in a non-dissipative channel if the single dissipative channel condition can be chosen, which helps reduce the entropic uncertainty of the system. For the homodyne feedback control

F
=
λ

σ

x

(or

F
=
λ

σ

y

)

, due to different roles of the entangled qubits A and B, when they are subject to feedback control with different feedback coefficients λ, the exchange of feedback coefficients will cause variations of the entropic uncertainty. When the feedback coefficient corresponding to the memory qubit B is larger (

λ

B

>

λ

A

)

, the steady value of the entropic uncertainty will be small, which is conducive to enhancing the robustness of the system. However, for the feedback control

F
=
λ

σ

z

, the difference between the feedback coefficients has no effect on the steady values of the entropic uncertainty.
Explosive synchronization of multi-layer frequency-weighted coupled complex systems*
Authors: Jin Yan-Liang , Yao Lin , Guo Wei-Si , Wang Rui , Wang Xue , Luo Xue-Tao
Published: July 2019

Synchronization is a phenomenon that is ubiquitous in engineering and natural ecosystems. The study of explosive synchronization on a single-layer network gives the critical transition coupling strength that causes explosive synchronization. However, no significant findings have been made on multi-layer complex networks. This paper proposes a frequency-weighted Kuramoto model on a two-layer network and the critical coupling strength of explosive synchronization is obtained by both theoretical analysis and numerical validation. It is found that the critical value is affected by the interaction strength between layers and the number of network oscillators. The explosive synchronization will be hindered by enhancing the interaction and promoted by increasing the number of network oscillators. Our results have importance across a range of engineering and biological research fields.
Multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer*
Authors: Yin Yue-Xin , Wu Zhifa , Sun Siwen , Tian Liang , Wang Xibin , Wu Yuanda , Zhang Daming
Published: July 2019

We propose a novel and efficient multi-functional optical fiber sensor system based on a dense wavelength division multiplexer (DWDM). This system consists of an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber strain sensor, and a 48-channel DWDM. This system can monitor temperature and strain changes at the same time. The ranges of these two sensors are from −20 °C to 100 °C and from −1000

μ
ε

to 2000

μ
ε

, respectively. The sensitivities of the temperature sensor and strain sensor are 0.03572 nm/°C and 0.03808 nm/N, respectively. With the aid of a broadband source and spectrometer, different kinds and ranges of parameters in the environment can be monitored by using suitable sensors.
Lamb waves topological imaging combining with Green’s function retrieval theory to detect near filed defects in isotropic plates*
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Hai-Yan , Xu Meng-Yun , Fan Guo-Peng , Zhu Wen-Fa , Chai Xiao-Dong
Published: July 2019

A method of combining Green’s function retrieval theory and ultrasonic array imaging using Lamb waves is presented to solve near filed defects in thin aluminum plates. The defects are close to the ultrasonic phased array and satisfy the near field calculation formula. Near field acoustic information of defects is obscured by the nonlinear effects of initial wave signal in a directly acquired response using the full matrix capture mode. A reconstructed full matrix of inter-element responses is produced from cross-correlation of directly received ultrasonic signals between sensor pairs. This new matrix eliminates the nonlinear interference and restores the near-field defect information. The topological imaging method that was developed in recent ultrasonic inspection is used for displaying the scatterers. The experiments are conducted on both thin aluminum plates containing two and four defects, respectively. The results show that these defects are clearly identified when using a reconstructed full matrix. The spatial resolution is equal to about one wavelength of the selectively excited mode and the identifiable defect is about one fifth of the wavelength. However, in a conventional directly captured image, the images of defects overlap together and cannot be distinguished. The proposed method reduces the background noise and allows for effective topological imaging of near field defects.
Analysis of extreme ultraviolet spectral profiles of laser-produced Cr plasmas*
Authors: Wu L , Su M G , Min Q , Cao S Q , He S Q , Sun D X , Dong C Z
Published: July 2019

Radiation from laser-produced plasmas was examined as a potential wavelength calibration source for spectrographs in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region. Specifically, the EUV emission of chromium (Cr) plasmas was acquired via spatio-temporally resolved emission spectroscopy. With the aid of Cowan and flexible atomic code (FAC) structure calculations, and a comparative analysis with the simulated spectra, emission peaks in the 6.5–15.0 nm range were identified as 3p–4d, 5d and 3p–4s transition lines from Cr5+–Cr10+ions. A normalized Boltzmann distribution among the excited states and a steady-state collisional-radiative model were assumed for the spectral simulations, and used to estimate the electron temperature and density in the plasma. The results indicate that several relatively isolated emission lines of highly charged ions would be useful for EUV wavelength calibration.
Control on β conformation of poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene) via solvent annealing*
Authors: Chao Zhang Zhi , Yue Zhang Bing , Yan Weng Yu , Hui Zhang Tian
Published: July 2019

Films of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) are of great importance in fabricating light emitting diodes. In practice, the (β-phase of PFO is expected due to its high efficiency in the transport of charge carrier. To promote the formation of (β-phase, PFO films are immersed and annealed in the mixture of solvent/nonsolvent. The effects of temperature, solvent/nonsolvent ratio, and annealing time are examined systematically. It is found that the fraction of (β-phase can be highly improved by increasing the ratio of solvent/nonsolvent. The reconfiguration of PFO molecules for (β-phase in annealing is generally finished in 10 min. The finding in this study demonstrates that solvent-assisted annealing offers a fast and economic approach for mass annealing.
Multiple trapping using a focused hybrid vector beam*
Authors: Zhang Li , Qiu Xiaodong , Zeng Lingwei , Chen Lixiang
Published: July 2019

We propose a simple and efficient method that uses a single focused hybrid vector beam to confine metallic Rayleigh particles at multiple positions. We study the force mechanisms of multiple trapping by analyzing the gradient and scattering forces. It is observed that the wavelength and topological charges of the hybrid vector beam regulate the trapping positions and number of optical trap sites. The proposed method can be implemented easily in three-dimensional space, and it facilitates both trapping and organization of particles. Thus, it can provide an effective and controllable means for nanoparticle manipulation.
Assessment of wind fields over forested sites with LES and a nacelle lidar
Authors: Olivares-Espinosa H , Arnqvist J , Ivanell S
Published: July 2019

The capability of a model based on Large-Eddy Simulations to reproduce turbulence measurements over a forest of heterogeneous density is assessed. Measurements are obtained from an experimental campaign with a continuous wave lidar mounted on the nacelle of a wind turbine (not considered in this work) that scans over a cone in the upstream direction. The measurements are then compared with the results of the LES of the atmospheric boundary layer in neutral stability conditions. The model comprises a full description of the forest over a large area upstream of the lidar by using plant area density data obtained with airborne laser scans, which also provides the terrain elevation. Although the relatively restricted mesh refinement of the LES leads to a limited representation of turbulence towards higher frequencies, comparisons with the measurements show that the model is capable of reproducing the turbulence levels and spatial coherence in the hypothetical rotor plane. Results permit to conclude that the LES-based model is a suitable tool to identify and predict the microscale effects that terrain features have in the wind resource for sites of high complexity. This work exemplifies the challenges associated to the process and interpretation of data from the employed lidar and its setup, for which a filtering technique potentially useful in future studies is presented.
Evaluation of Wind Speed Retrieval from Continuous-Wave Lidar Measurements of a Wind Turbine Wake Using Virtual Lidar Techniques
Authors: Debnath M. , Doubrawa P. , Herges T. , Martínez-Tossas L.A. , Maniaci D.C. , Moriarty P.
Published: July 2019

Wind lidar technology is being extensively used in utility-scale wind turbine wake measurements because of its capabilities to capture the dominant structures of interest in the near-wake region. However, wind lidar devices provide only line-of-sight (LOS) measurements, and retrieval of horizontal wind speed from the LOS measurements of a single lidar in the wind turbine wake could introduce errors due to the assumptions used in the retrieval process. With that in mind, the goals of this paper are to estimate the errors associated with the retrieval processes and provide guidelines for best practices. To achieve these goals, virtual lidar samples are obtained with large-eddy simulations (LES) by sampling the flow field with a model of the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) SpinnerLidar. LES is chosen to simulate the neutral and unstable atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), a benchmark case of the International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme (IEA Wind TCP) Task 31. The precursor ABL simulation is validated with the reference data provided by the IEA Wind Task 31 benchmark case. The data from the precursor simulation is used to drive a simulation of a wind turbine submerged in the ABL. A weighting function is applied to the LES data to mimic the real DTU SpinnerLidar measurements. In the end, the virtual lidar data are processed and compared with the original LES data to estimate the errors. Results show that lidar captures mean ABL profile without any noticeable error, whereas turbulence intensity is underpredicted ≈ 15% at hub height for the neutral case. Volume averaging by the lidar technology has a significant effect in the shear layer of a wind turbine wake.
Engineering Wake Induction Model For Axisymmetric Multi-Kite Systems
Authors: Leuthold R , Crawford C , Gros S , Diehl M
Published: July 2019

Multi-kite airborne wind energy systems (MAWES) fly two or more kites in a high-altitude orbit that allows a main tether to unroll a generator. An engineering wake induction model could simplify the (axisymmetric) aerodynamics of such an unsteady actuator-annulus with variable thrust-coefficient, flight-radius, and downwind-direction apparent velocity, in comparison to high-fidelity wake models. To the authors’ knowledge, existing engineering models do not predict the influence of variable flight radius. The goal of this paper is to synthesize a MAWES engineering model, a closed-form function approximating the axial induction factor ã, specifically at the kite mid-span, using linearized wake parameters, as available from a dynamics solver. A vortex tube model is used to construct a plausible approximation of the induction, which is then heavily simplified for computation tractability while retaining important flow physics.
A numerical study of correlations between wake meandering and loads within a wind farm
Authors: Moens Maud , Coudou Nicolas , Philippe Chatelain
Published: July 2019

This paper aims at the better understanding of the correlations between rotor loads and the wake meandering inside a wind farm. The flow rotor dynamics are simulated by means of Large Eddy Simulations coupled to Actuator Disk models. The wake meandering is captured through a centerline tracking, itself based on the available power in the flow. Two turbulence intensities are investigated, TIs = 6% and 10%. Results show that the yawing moment is very well correlated to the wake movement, even for wind turbines located deeper into the the wind farm. Correlations can also be found between the wake oscillation and the root bending moments. Wake signatures can also be identified from the amplitude of the high-frequency oscillations of the root bending moments; however, the correlation is sometimes less visible, and deviations can be correlated to wind events or wake decay.