bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sélection des risques : où en est-on ?
Authors: Fromenteau Michel , Ruol Vincent , Eslous Laurence
Published: July 2011

Résumé Les sociétés d’assurance doivent analyser les risques pour, soit les accepter au tarif ordinaire ou à un tarif plus élevé, soit les refuser. Cette technique de sélection des risques est inhérente au système concurrentiel. Mais elle trouve une limite dans le cas particulier des préjudices liés à l’état de santé. La France a développé au fil des années une réglementation qui influence de manière significative les pratiques de marché et qui constitue de fait un compromis entre le principe précédent de sélection et l’enjeu social particulier attaché à des prestations liées à la santé. L’article décrit ces évolutions qui s’efforcent de rester dans une configuration « euro-compatible ».
Binocular Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Walsh Alexander C.
Published: July 2011

The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the field of ophthalmology has increased rapidly in recent years and may continue on this trajectory as more indications for OCT imaging are described. Recent pressures on the healthcare system, such as rising costs, increasing demand, and decreasing reimbursements, suggest that continued growth in OCT use may be unsustainable unless cheaper and more efficient methods are developed. Binocular OCT has the potential to decrease the cost, increase the quality, and improve the efficiency not just of OCT imaging, but of eye care as a whole. Binocular OCT devices should be cheaper to build and operate than conventional OCT instruments. They may be able to replace labor-intensive, qualitative tests with patient-operated, quantitative examinations. They could also usher in a new era of comprehensive, remote eye care and eye disease screening that has the potential to reengineer the practice of ophthalmology.
Inhibition of SOCS1−/− Lethal Autoinflammatory Disease Correlated to Enhanced Peripheral Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Collins Erin L. , Jager Lindsey D. , Dabelic Rea , Benitez Patrick , Holdstein Kaitlin , Lau Kenneth , Haider Mohammed I. , Johnson Howard M. , Larkin Joseph
Published: July 2011

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1-deficient (SOCS1−/−) mice, which are lymphopenic, die <3 wk after birth of a T cell-mediated autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by leukocyte infiltration and destruction of vital organs. Notably, Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to be particularly potent in inhibiting inflammation-associated autoimmune diseases. We observed that SOCS1−/− mice were deficient in peripheral Tregs despite enhanced thymic development. The adoptive transfer of SOCS1-sufficient Tregs, CD4+ T lymphocytes, or administration of SOCS1 kinase inhibitory region (KIR), a peptide that partially restores SOCS1 function, mediated a statistically significant but short-term survival of SOCS1−/− mice. However, the adoptive transfer of SOCS1-sufficient CD4+ T lymphocytes, combined with the administration of SOCS1-KIR, resulted in a significant increase in the survival of SOCS1−/− mice both short and long term, where 100% death occurred by day 18 in the absence of treatment. Moreover, the CD4+/SOCS1-KIR combined therapy resulted in decreased leukocytic organ infiltration, reduction of serum IFN-γ, and enhanced peripheral accumulation of Foxp3+ Tregs in treated mice. These data show that CD4+/SOCS1-KIR combined treatment can synergistically promote the long-term survival of perinatal lethal SOCS1−/− mice. In addition, these results strongly suggest that SOCS1 contributes to the stability of the Foxp3+ Treg peripheral population under conditions of strong proinflammatory environments.
Novel Molecular Markers of Malignancy in Histologically Normal and Benign Breast
Authors: Nasir Aejaz , Chen Dung-Tsa , Gruidl Mike , Henderson-Jackson Evita B. , Venkataramu Chinnambally , McCarthy Susan M. , McBride Heyoung L. , Harris Eleanor , Khakpour Nazanin , Yeatman Timothy J.
Published: July 2011

To detect the molecular changes of malignancy in histologically normal breast (HNB) tissues, we recently developed a novel 117-gene-malignancy-signature. Here we report validation of our leading malignancy-risk-genes, topoisomerase-2-alpha (TOP2A), minichromosome-maintenance-protein-2 (MCM2) and “budding-uninhibited-by-benzimidazoles-1-homolog-beta” (BUB1B) at the protein level. Using our 117-gene malignancy-signature, we classified 18 fresh-frozen HNB tissues from 18 adult female breast cancer patients into HNB-tissues with low-grade (HNB-LGMA; ) and high-grade molecular abnormality (HNB-HGMA; ). Archival sections of additional HNB tissues from these patients, and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissues from six other patients were immunostained for these biomarkers. TOP2A/MCM2 expression was assessed as staining index (%) and BUB1B expression as H-scores (0–300). Increasing TOP2A, MCM2, and BUB1B protein expression from HNB-LGMA to HNB-HGMA tissues to IDCs validated our microarray-based molecular classification of HNB tissues by immunohistochemistry. We also demonstrated an increasing expression of TOP2A protein on an independent test set of HNB/benign/reductionmammoplasties, atypical-ductal-hyperplasia with and without synchronous breast cancer, DCIS and IDC tissues using a custom tissue microarray (TMA). In conclusion, TOP2A, MCM2, and BUB1B proteins are potential molecular biomarkers of malignancy in histologically normal and benign breast tissues. Larger-scale clinical validation studies are needed to further evaluate the clinical utility of these molecular biomarkers.
The Impact of Geography on Hospital Electronic Health Records Implementation in Alabama
Authors: Au D. , Weech-Maldonado R. , Houser S.H.
Published: July 2011

Background: Given relatively less favorable health outcomes in rural Alabama, electronic health records (EHRs) have an even greater potential to improve quality and alleviate disparities if meaningfully used.

Objectives: We examined rural-urban differences as it pertained to perceived barriers, benefits, and motivating factors of EHR implementation.

Methods: We used multivariate logistic models to analyze data collected from a state-wide, self-completed survey of health information management directors in Alabama hospitals.

Results: Findings from our analyses indicate that fewer rural hospitals (8%) have implemented EHRs as compared with urban hospitals (18%). Rural hospitals were 71% less likely to consider reduction in costs as a benefit of EHRs (OR = 0.29), and were 75% less likely to consider lack of structured technology as a challenge factor of EHR implementation (OR = 0.25).

Conclusion: Promotion of EHRs in rural areas is challenging but necessary. Understanding perceived barriers and motivating factors of EHR implementation among rural hospitals can inform policy decisions, especially in light of recent meaningful use initiatives.
Reflexões sobre as profissões
Authors: Pereira Eliane Aparecida Junckes , Cunha Miriam Figueiredo Vieira da
Published: July 2011

Reflexão sobre as profissões apresentando sua evolução na sociedade, com ênfase na sociedade da informação e sua relação com o Estado. Analisa alguns modelos europeus e norte-americanos de profissionalismo, os processos de profissionalização e apresenta um breve histórico da evolução das profissões no Brasil com ênfase na Biblioteconomia.
Competência informacional do profissional da informação bibliotecário: construção social da realidade
Authors: Vitorino Elizete Vieira
Published: July 2011

Neste trabalho, desenvolvem-se aspectos conceituais e teóricos sobre Competência Informacional, desde a origem do tema até as discussões específicas e atuais – estudos e pesquisas no cenário nacional e internacional. Este estudo está inserido na Linha de Pesquisa “Profissionais da Informação” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação – PGCIN – UFSC. O propósito engrena-se com a compreensão de uma realidade que constitui matéria de investigação científica para a Ciência da Informação. Uma ação reflexiva e prática: esta é a meta que se deseja alcançar; refletir na ação e sobre a ação. Busca-se gerar idéias sobre Competência Informacional, observando-se os insumos advindos da prática, do objeto de estudo: o Profissional da Informação Bibliotecário e a realidade percebida sob esse olhar.
Breakthrough pain in community-dwelling patients with cancer pain and noncancer pain, Part 2: Impact on function, mood, and quality of life
Authors: Portenoy, MD Russell K. , Bruns, PsyD Daniel , Shoemaker, BSN Bonnie , Shoemaker, MD Steven A.
Published: July 2011

Background: Prior studies of breakthrough pain (BTP) largely focus on patients with advanced cancer or those receiving inpatient care. Very few studies have evaluated BTP in populations with chronic noncancer pain. Data that illuminate the impact of BTP may not generalize to other, less selected patient populations.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of BTP in opioid-treated ambulatory patients with chronic cancer pain or noncancer pain treated in community practices.Methods: Eligible patientsâ€”those with any diagnosis who reported chronic pain for at least 3 months, who were receiving long-term opioid therapy, and who met criteria for controlled baseline painâ€”were recruited for a cross-sectional observational study by primary care physicians or community-based oncologists at 17 sites in the United States. The patients responded to a structured interview for breakthrough pain and also completed the Brief Pain Inventory-Modified Short Form (BPI-SF) and the Brief Battery for Health Improvement 2 (BBHI 2).Results: Of 355 patients screened, 191 were eligible and 177 (93 percent) provided data for analysis. Twenty-six of the 78 with cancer pain (33 percent) and 48 of the 99 with noncancer pain (48 percent) had BTP. Compared with those without BTP, both patients with cancer (p = 0.004) and patients without cancer (p = 0.019) with BTP had increased pain interference in function, as measured by the BPI-SF, and patients without cancer were more impaired than patients with cancer. On the BBHI 2, BTP was associated with increased somatic complaints (p = 0.036 cancer and p = 0.024 noncancer) and pain complaints (p = 0.037 cancer and p = 0.037 noncancer); among patients without cancer, BTP was also associated with increased difficulties with functioning (p = 0.023), depression (p = 0.039), and decreased quality of life (p = 0.003).Conclusions: These data extend published observations about the association between BTP and adverse effects on mood and function to populations undergoing routine treatment in the community setting and provide evidence that these associations are greater in those with noncancer pain. They suggest the need for additional studies to clarify causality and determine whether undertreatment of BTP is a factor contributing to adverse pain-related outcomes.
Utility of transdermal fentanyl for prevention of iatrogenic opioid abstinence syndrome in children
Authors: Johnson, PharmD, BCPS Peter N. , Harrison, PhD Donald , Allen, MD Christine
Published: July 2011

Background: Iatrogenic opioid abstinence syndrome (IOAS) can occur in critically ill infants/ children following abrupt discontinuation of opioids. There are no standard guidelines for the prevention of IOAS. Transdermal fentanyl (TF) has been infrequently used at our institution for the prevention of IOAS.Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study of children less than 18 years of age receiving TF for the prevention of IOAS. Baseline demographics, IV sedative/analgesic regimen, TF regimen, and IOAS symptoms were collected. The primary objective was to describe the TF regimen. The secondary objectives were to classify the number/type of withdrawal symptoms and to identify the number of intermittent opioids administered for withdrawal symptoms.Results: Fifteen patients were identified with a median age of 7 years (0.3-17); the median cumulative IV fentanyl dose prior to initiation of TF was 1,356 μg kg−1 (164.1-9595.8). The median initial dose of TF was 1.9 μg kg−1 h−1 (0.4-6.1) or 25 μg h−1 (12.5-500); TF was continued for a median duration of 16 days (5-27). To provide the desired dose, the TF patch was partially covered with Tegaderm™ in eight patients. Eighty-six intermittent opioid doses were administered during TF therapy with 51 (59 percent) administered within 5 days of TF initiation. Seven patients (46.7 percent) had IOAS. No significant differences in IOAS symptoms were observed between patients whose patch was partially covered versus not covered, 3 versus 4, respectively (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between the number of opioid doses administered and IOAS symptoms from days 1 to 5, correlation coefficient 0.347 (p = 0.206).Conclusions: In this cohort, most patients required additional opioids for IOAS symptoms during the first 5 days of TF. TF therapy cannot be routinely recommended for the prevention of IOAS until further prospective studies can confirm these results. This pilot study highlights future directions to standardize documentation and to educate clinicians on IOAS symptoms.
Applying partially occluded fentanyl transdermal patches to manage pain in pediatric patients
Authors: Mitchell, PharmD Amy , Smith, MD Howard S.
Published: July 2011

Fentanyl transdermal patches (FTPs) have been used for many years in the treatment armamentarium for chronic pain. By design, FTPs release drug into the skin at a constant rate and thereby provide drug in a fashion similar to continuous intravenous infusion without the disadvantages of a venous catheter and the constant presence of an analgesia pump. Pediatric patients may require doses of FTP other than the five commercially available strengths. Application of a partial FTP allows for more flexibility in dosing. Yet, very little information is provided in the literature to suggest a procedure for applying partial FTP. A technique of using a partially occluded FTP is presented in an effort to encourage further study of this and perhaps other techniques.
Hydrocodone: Does it have a role in palliative care?
Authors: Prommer, MD Eric
Published: July 2011

Hydrocodone is an epoxy-methoxy-methylmorphinan semisynthetic opioid (6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-6-oxomorphine hydrogen tartrate hemipentahydrate), which is structurally related to codeine, and is classified as a step 2 opioid on the World Health Organization’s stepladder for pain. Hydrocodone is typically found in fixed dose combination with acetaminophen and is often used for pain management. Hydrocodone is a heavily prescribed drug and it is important to understand the evidence base that is guiding this use. This article reviews the pharmacodynamics, pharmacology, and evidence base for the use of hydrocodone in palliative care.
Long-term safety, tolerability, and consistency of effect of fentanyl pectin nasal spray for breakthrough cancer pain in opioid-tolerant patients
Authors: Portenoy, MD Russell K. , Raffaeli, MD William , Torres, MD Luis M. , Sitte Thomas , Deka, MD Akhil Chandra , Herrera, MD Ileana Gonzalez , Wallace, MD Mark S.
Published: July 2011

Objective: To assess the long-term safety, tolerability, and consistency of effect of fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS) in patients with breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP).Design: A multicenter, open-label study.Patients: Patients with chronic cancer pain treated with ≥60 mg/d oral morphine or equivalent experiencing 1-4 episodes per day of BTCP.Intervention: All patients entered into a 16-week treatment phase after undergoing a dose-titration phase with FPNS.Main outcome measures: Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse events (AEs) and by nasal tolerability assessments. Consistency of effect was monitored through additional rescue medication use and FPNS dose change.Results: Four hundred three patients were included in the safety analyses. Of these, 356 patients entered the treatment phase and 110 patients completed the study. FPNS was self-administered for 42,227 episodes. During the treatment phase, 99 patients (24.6 percent) reported treatment-related AEs; most were mild or moderate and typical of opioids. Serious AEs were reported by 61 patients (15.1 percent), but only five were considered related to study drug. Of the 80 deaths that occurred during this study, one was assessed as possibly related to study drug. Nasal assessments revealed no significant local effects. No additional rescue medication was required after 94 percent of FPNS-treated episodes. More than 90 percent of patients required no increase in their initial dose of FPNS.Conclusions: FPNS use for BTCP was associated with AEs, typical of opioids, with no evidence of nasal toxicity. A large proportion of BTCP episodes were treated with a single dose, and doses remained stable over the 4-month period.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of dual-opioid treatment with the combination of morphine plus oxycodone in patients with acute postoperative pain
Authors: Webster, MD Lynn , Richards, MD, PhD Patricia , Stern, PhD Warren , Kelen, RN, BA, CNN Robin
Published: July 2011

Objective: Animal and human studies suggest that coadministration of two opioids with different receptor binding properties may result in enhanced analgesia and fewer opioid-related adverse events (AEs). Q8003 (MoxDuo®), an oral dual-opioid formulation with a fixed ratio (3:2) of morphine and oxycodone, was evaluated for analgesic effects and safety in the management of acute moderate to severe pain.Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose cohort, dose-response study with flexible dosing.Setting: Private clinic.Patients: Adults undergoing unilateral bunionectomy surgery. Following surgery, patients were required to have moderate or severe intensity pain on a 4-point Likert scale and ≥4 on an 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale to continue in the study.Interventions: Q8003 was administered in four ascending-dose cohorts of 3/2, 6/4, 12/8, and 18/12 mg during the 48-hour period following surgery.Main Outcome Measures: Sum of the pain intensity differences from baseline over 48 hours (SPID48), percentage of responders, and use of ibuprofen.Results: Of 263 patients, 256 were randomly assigned to treatment. In patients treated with Q8003, 12 to 18 percent withdrew before study completion versus 30 percent on placebo. The mean dose of morphine/oxycodone per 6-hour period and the mean interdose interval (hours) was 6/4 mg (2.9), 9.8/6.5 mg (4.1), 11/7.5 mg (6.8), and 15/10 mg (6.6) for the 3/2-, 6/4-, 12/8-, and 18/12-mg groups, respectively. The mean SPID48 was significantly greater with each Q8003 dose when compared with placebo (p ≤ 0.0017 for all doses versus placebo). The 12/8-mg group (11/7.5 mg/6 h) had the greatest percentage of patient responders (76 percent; p < 0.001 versus placebo) and required the fewest daily doses of ibuprofen. AEs were typical of those associated with opioid use, with the highest occurrence for nausea (38-65 percent) and low rates of somnolence (2-8 percent). Minimal or no changes in respiration and blood oxygenation were observed and euphoria was not reported.Conclusions: The 12/8 mg dose of Q8003, an immediate-release formulation, provided the optimal combination of analgesic efficacy and tolerability, with the 3/2 and the 6/4 mg doses being an effective alternative for treatment.
The relationship between opioid and sugar intake: Review of evidence and clinical applications
Authors: Mysels, MD, MBA David J. , Sullivan, MD, PhD Maria A.
Published: July 2011

Opioid dependence poses significant public health risks arising from associated morbidity and mortality caused by accidents, infectious diseases, and social ramifications of crime and unemployment, among other complications. Opioid use, acute and chronic, is also associated with weight gain, glycemic dysregulation, and dental pathology. The literature supporting the connection between opiate use and development of preference for sweet tastes is reviewed, and further association with dental pathology, weight gain, and loss of glycemic control are considered. Additionally, the impact of sweet tastes on the endogenous opioid system, as pertaining to analgesia, is also discussed. The authors discuss the clinical implications in relation to the aforementioned conditions while treating the opiate-dependent patient.
Oxycodone-related side effects: Impact on degree of bother, adherence, pain relief, satisfaction, and quality of life
Authors: Anastassopoulos, MS Kathryn P. , Chow, MPH, PharmD Wing , Ackerman, MSE, PhD Stacey J. , Tapia, MHS Crisanta , Benson, MS Carmela , Kim, MBA, MA, PhD Myoung S.
Published: July 2011

Objectives: Oxycodone immediate-release, alone or in combination (hereafter, oxycodone), is widely used to treat pain and is often associated with bothersome side effects. The objective was to assess side effect frequency, degree of bother, and impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods: An online survey was completed by a nationwide convenience sample of patients currently taking oxycodone for nonmalignant pain. Detailed data on any oxycodone-related side effects were collected. Relationships between side effects, pain relief, and HRQoL (Physical Component Summary [PCS] and Mental Component Summary [MCS] of the Short Form 12-Item Health Survey) were explored.Results: Among 601 respondents (average 45 years, 85.0 percent Caucasian, 69.1 percent female, 61.1 percent on oxycodone > 30 days), 84.0 percent were bothered by side effects with 30.8 percent quite a bit or extremely bothered. Over half were bothered by drowsiness (56.2 percent) and constipation (53.1 percent), over two-fifths by lightheadedness (43.6 percent) and dizziness (42.1 percent), approximately one-third by headache (33.1 percent) and nausea (31.3 percent), 27.6 percent itching, and 14.8 percent vomiting, which affected adherence to prescribed dosing regimens and, thus, is inversely associated with the level of pain relief. Patients who experienced less than 50 percent pain relief from oxycodone had worse PCS (33.9 vs 35.7; p = 0.038) and MCS (38.5 vs 42.4; p < 0.001) scores when compared with those who experienced 50 percent or more pain relief.Conclusions: The majority of survey respondents experienced side effects of oxycodone, with a majority being bothered by side effects and impacting their QoL. This raises a question about the unmet need for pain medications with improved side effect profiles.
Efficacy and safety of an extended-release oxycodone (Remoxy®) formulation in patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritic pain
Authors: Friedmann, PhD, MD Nadav , Klutzaritz, BS Vicki , Webster, MD Lynn
Published: July 2011

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an encapsulated, highly viscous formulation of extended-release oxycodone designed to resist common physical manipulation and chemical challenges (Remoxy®; King Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bristol, TN, which was acquired by Pfizer Inc. in March 2011).Design: An enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal trial design was used whereby patients entered a double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial after completing an open-label titration phase.Setting: Sixty-one US clinics.Patients: All patients (40-75 years) had experienced moderate to severe chronic osteoarthritic pain in the hip or knee for3 months.Interventions: During 2 weeks of open-label treatment (N ≥ 558), patients were titrated from Remoxy 5 mg twice daily (bid) to 20 mg bid. Patients who tolerated the drug were randomly assigned to Remoxy or placebo bid for 12 weeks. Dose titration was permitted during weeks 1-4 (range, 10-80 mg/d) and fixed thereafter.Main outcome measures: The area under the curve (AUC) for change in pain intensity (PI) scores from prerandomization to the end of the 12-week period was the primary endpoint. Patient assessment of quality of analgesia, global assessment of study medication, quality of life, and safety were also evaluated.Results: The mean AUC for change in PI score was significantly greater for Remoxy than for placebo (p = 0.007). Patients receiving Remoxy reported significantly better scores on quality of analgesia (p = 0.004) and global assessment of study medication (p = 0.007) when compared with patients receiving placebo. Remoxy had a safety profile consistent with other opioids.Conclusions: Remoxy significantly improved analgesia among patients with moderate to severe chronic osteoarthritic pain with an adverse event profile similar to other opioids.
Questioning the epistemic virtue of strategy: The emperor has no clothes!
Authors: French Steven , Kouzmin Alexander , Kelly Stephen
Published: July 2011

A critical analysis of contemporary strategic management theory and practice suggests that modernist, linear thinking has facilitated the development of an abstracted reality which is misleading to managers and fundamentally flawed. It is argued that formulaic strategic tools such as those propounded by Porter fail to capture the reality of the complex environments that confront firms and falsely suggest that an answer can be derived from a predetermined toolbox.

As an alternative to this dominant paradigm, the complexity of markets is presented not as something to be feared and ignored, but rather as a truth to be embraced. As a basis of taking this step, current knowledge on how complex environments work, perspectives on how they can be better understood and how people and organizations can engage within them, is presented. Ultimately it is recognised that both theoretical and practical foundations need significant, further development.
Examining the impact of protean and boundaryless career attitudes upon subjective career success
Authors: Enache Mihaela , Sallan Jose M , Simo Pep , Fernandez Vicenc
Published: July 2011

This research is aimed at analyzing the relationship between the underlying dimensions of boundaryless (boundaryless mindset and organizational mobility preference) and protean (self-directed and values-driven) career attitudes and subjective career success, within today's complex and dynamic organizational context in which careers are unfolding. Drawing on a sample of 150 Spanish professionals from the Catalonia region, which enabled hypotheses testing by means of hierarchical regression analysis, the research results suggest that self-direction in managing one's career and vocational development is instrumental in achieving subjective career success. Organizational mobility preference was found to be negatively associated with individuals' perceptions of the success achieved in their careers. Furthermore, the study suggests some future research lines that could draw more light upon the hypothesized relationships.
Pioneer orientation and new product performance of the firm: Internal contingency factors
Authors: Ortega Maria J Ruiz , García-Villaverde Pedro M
Published: July 2011

In this study we analyze the contingent effects of the firm's internal factors in the influence of pioneer orientation on new product performance. The results obtained show that in dynamic and hostile industries, pioneer orientation has a positive influence on the performance of new products. We have found that technological capabilities, cross-functional integration and internal commitment allow pioneer firms to improve their new product performance. However, strong market intelligence can induce pioneer firms to direct their new products to a secure but limited market, and worsen outcomes. We reinforce first mover advantage (FMA) literature highlighting the promotional role of several internal factors in pioneer advantage. We note the complementary character of the resource based view (RBV), marketing and the organization theory to the explanation of the performance of those firms developing a pioneer orientation.
Duality theory and the management of the change–stability paradox
Authors: Sutherland Fiona , Smith Aaron CT
Published: July 2011

This article proposes that duality theory plays a role in obtaining more nuanced and textured insights into the complex, paradoxical stability–change nexus by illustrating how tensions are managed not through definitive resolution toward one pole or the other, but through improvised boundary heuristics that establish a broad conforming imperative while opening up enabling mechanisms. Duality thinking also reinforces the need to discard assumptions about opposing values, instead replacing them with an appreciation of complementary concepts. The article explores the characteristics of dualities to allow managers to chart what they are seeking from their management interventions and subsequent choices in structural support systems. A key benefit of identifying and explaining duality characteristics comes in attempting to understand how to mediate between two contradictory dimensions of organizing, such as continuity and change. Our argument is that both need to be encouraged, but this requires a particular mindset where the problem of mediation viewed as the need to work towards simultaneity and synergistic mutuality rather than resolution of action between the two opposing dimensions.
Dialogue and distributed agency in institutional transmission
Authors: Whittle Andrea , Suhomlinova Olga , Mueller Frank
Published: July 2011

In this paper we contribute to the body of work on agency and institutional transmission by proposing two new concepts: distributed agency and dialogue. Distributed agency is a companion concept to that of ‘institutional entrepreneurship’. Whilst institutional entrepreneurship emphasizes the deliberate institution-building by a select few, distributed agency highlights the emergent institution-building that involves any and every organizational member. In turn, dialogue supplements the models of institutional diffusion by drawing attention to the situated interactions between the ‘champions’ and the ‘recipients’ of institutional innovations, to the frictions that accompany institutional transmission, and to the deviations that emerge from those interactions. We use these concepts to analyze the micro-discursive processes during a crucial event in the institutionalization of a new organizational template in a UK public–private partnership. We found that the implementation hinged upon enabling the audience (i.e. the employees expected to apply the template in their work) to act as agents (hence, distributed agency) by engaging in a dialogue that sought to define the audience's identity vis-à-vis coercive pressures, articulate and address its interests, and recognize its rights to modify the template to suit the local circumstances.
Chemical ageing and transformation of diffusivity in semi-solid multi-component organic aerosol particles
Authors: Pfrang C. , Shiraiwa M. , Pöschl U.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Recent experimental evidence underlines the importance of reduced diffusivity in amorphous semi-solid or glassy atmospheric aerosols. This paper investigates the impact of diffusivity on the ageing of multi-component reactive organic particles approximating atmospheric cooking aerosols. We apply and extend the recently developed KM-SUB model in a study of a 12-component mixture containing oleic and palmitoleic acids. We demonstrate that changes in the diffusivity may explain the evolution of chemical loss rates in ageing semi-solid particles, and we resolve surface and bulk processes under transient reaction conditions considering diffusivities altered by oligomerisation. This new model treatment allows prediction of the ageing of mixed organic multi-component aerosols over atmospherically relevant timescales and conditions. We illustrate the impact of changing diffusivity on the chemical half-life of reactive components in semi-solid particles, and we demonstrate how solidification and crust formation at the particle surface can affect the chemical transformation of organic aerosols.
A subgrid parameterization scheme for precipitation
Authors: Turner S. , Brenguier J.-L. , Lac C.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. With increasing computing power, the horizontal resolution of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models is improving and today reaches 1 to 5 km. Nevertheless, clouds and precipitation are still subgrid scale processes for most cloud types, such as cumulus and stratocumulus. Subgrid scale parameterizations for water vapor condensation have been in use for many years and are based on a prescribed PDF of relative humidity spatial variability within the grid, thus providing a diagnosis of the cloud fraction. A similar scheme is developed and tested here. It is based on a prescribed PDF of cloud water variability and a threshold value of liquid water content for droplet collection to derive a rain fraction within the model grid. Precipitation of rainwater raises additional concerns relative to the overlap of cloud and rain fractions, however. The scheme is developed following an analysis of data collected during field campaigns in stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) and fair weather cumulus (RICO) and tested in a 1-D framework against large eddy simulations of these observed cases. The new parameterization is then implemented in a 3-D NWP model with a horizontal resolution of 2.5 km to simulate real cases of precipitating cloud systems over France.
Stream recession curves and storage variability in small watersheds
Authors: Krakauer N. Y. , Temimi M.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. The pattern of streamflow recession after rain events offers clues about the relationship between watershed runoff (observable as river discharge) and water storage (not directly observable) and can help in water resource assessment and prediction. However, there have been few systematic assessments of how streamflow recession varies across flow rates and how it relates to independent assessments of terrestrial water storage. We characterized the streamflow recession pattern in 61 relatively undisturbed small watersheds (1–100 km2) across the coterminous United States with multiyear records of hourly streamflow from automated gauges. We used the North American Regional Reanalysis to help identify periods where precipitation, snowmelt, and evaporation were small compared to streamflow. The order of magnitude of the recession timescale increases from 1 day at high flow rates (~1 mm h−1) to 10 days at low flow rates (~0.01 mm h−1), leveling off at low flow rates. There is significant variability in the recession timescale at a given flow rate between basins, which correlates with climate and geomorphic variables such as the ratio of mean streamflow to precipitation and soil water infiltration capacity. Stepwise multiple regression was used to construct a six-variable predictive model that explained some 80 % of the variance in recession timescale at high flow rates and 30–50 % at low flow rates. Seasonal and interannual variability in inferred storage shows similar time evolution to regional-scale water storage variability estimated from GRACE satellite gravity data and from land surface modeling forced by observed meteorology, but is up to a factor of 10 smaller. Study of this discrepancy in the inferred storage amplitude may provide clues to the range of validity of the recession curve approach to relating runoff and storage.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Femoral Neck Causes Deformity in Children: A Case Report
Authors: Xiao Jun , Lam Stephen K. L. , Shi Zhanjun , Zhou Hongbo , Luo Xia
Published: July 2011

Intra-articular osteoid osteoma (IAOO) is rare and non-specific both in clinical and radiographic presentations, thus often associated with delayed diagnosis. Synovitis and muscle atrophy occur in adult IAOO. Bony deformity can occur in children and has been ascribed to muscle contractures. We report a case of a child with IAOO in the femoral neck. There was an absence of muscle contracture during surgery, and therefore the femoral deformity may have been induced directly by IAOO in the early stage of the disease.
Influence of Leg Length Discrepancy on Clinical Results after Total Hip Arthroplasty - A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Plaass Christian , Clauss Martin , Ochsner Peter E. , Ilchmann Thomas
Published: July 2011

The effect of leg length differences on early clinical outcome after total hip arthroplasty remains uncertain.

We performed a prospective study on 94 patients who were evaluated preoperatively and one year after surgery for clinical leg length differences, which were then compared with radiological measurements. The effect of leg length differences on walking ability, limp, pain and patient satisfaction was studied.

The mean clinical leg length difference after operation was 0.05 cm (–1.5 to 1.5, SD 0.5). Clinical and radiological measurements correlated poorly (ω=0.36 pre- and ω=0.186 postoperatively). Patients with a shorter operated leg on clinical assessment were more prone to limping (p<0.05), and patients with a longer leg had more pain compared to patients with equal leg lengths (p<0.05). Walking ability, Harris Hip Score and patient satisfaction were only marginally affected by leg length differences.

Virtually equal leg length was achieved for most patients but small differences had a negative influence in relation to limping and pain. Patients should be counselled pre-operatively about possible leg length differences and associated symptoms.
Femoral Artery Injury during Revision of A Dislocated Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Okahisa Shohei , Fukunishi Shigeo , Fukui Tomokazu , Nishio Shoji , Fujihara Yuki , Yoshiya Shinichi
Published: July 2011

Although rarely encountered, major vascular injury is a serious complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). We report the case of an 85-year-old woman who sustained a deep femoral artery injury associated with a superficial femoral artery thrombosis during revision of a dislocated bipolar hemiarthroplasty to a THA. Altered anatomy due to migration of the femoral head was thought to be one of the factors leading to this complication. Following the revision procedure, no signs of vascular insufficiency were detected in the immediate postoperative period, but ischaemia was clinically evident 12 hours after surgery. The importance of careful preoperative and postoperative assessment is addressed.
Developmental Dysplasia in Male Infants: Risk Factors, Instability and Ultrasound Screening
Authors: Koşar Pinar , Ergun Elif , Yiğit Hasan , Gökharman Fatma Dilek , Koşar Ugur
Published: July 2011

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between risk factors and presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in male infants, and to compare the efficiency of different ultrasound (US) screening protocols.

Materials and Methods

1321 male infants were included in the study. Ultrasound examinations were performed by combining Graf's static method and Harcke's dynamic method. The relationship between the risk factors and DDH and the effect of risk factors on sonographic worsening in type 2a hips were assessed by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.

Results

The incidence of DDH was 1.4%. 13% of the cases had type 2a morphology, among whom in 3.1% sonographic deterioration occurred. The treatment rate was 1.8%. The rate of follow-up US was 17.5%. No risk factor was found to have a statistically significant influence on DDH (≥ type 2b morphology). Among the 32 cases with DDH, 23 (72%) had a risk factor or positive clinical finding while 9 (28%) did not (p:0.006).

Conclusion

Risk factors do not have a statistically significant relationship with DDH in male cases. In our study 28% of the cases with DDH would be missed by a selective US screening protocol. We recommend assessment of all male infants with hip US.
The Changing Nature of Research in theTransportation Journal: Some Historical Perspectives
Authors: Murphy Paul R. , Poist Richard F. , Crum Michael R.
Published: July 2011

There is a long-standing history of retrospective articles in the peer-reviewed literature when a particular journal reaches some type of publication milestone, generally an anniversary that ends in zero (e.g., 10 years) or five (e.g., 25 years). With this in mind, the purpose of this article is to present a retrospective of the research published in Transportation Journal (TJ) during its first five decades. More specifically, this article analyzes the first (1961–70), third (1981–1990), and fifth (2001–10) decades of articles published in TJ in terms of select author and article characteristics. With respect to author characteristics, for example, our analysis indicates a dramatic increase between 2001 and 2010 in terms of the number of TJ articles with at least one non-U.S. author. Based on this and other historical perspectives from the study, the article concludes with a discussion of topics likely to appear in TJ in the coming years.
Advances in Information Technology Applications for Supply Chain Management
Authors: Stenger Alan J.
Published: July 2011

This article reviews and summarizes a number of major information technology (IT) initiatives applicable to supply chain management and developed over the past 25 years. We begin by differentiating between logistics and supply chain management; and then discuss a process framework for managing supply chains, useful for organizing and categorizing IT initiatives. Within the framework, we discuss the various IT applications designed to support the planning and execution of work in each process. Finally, we make some comments on the future evolution of IT applications in supply chain management, fully recognizing that unanticipated technologies will almost certainly arise to offer new opportunities for more effectively managing supply chains.
Meeting the Challenge of Educating the Transportation and Logistics Professional: The American Society of Transportation and Logistics on the 50th Anniversary of Transportation Journal
Authors: Pohlen Terrance L.
Published: July 2011

The 50th anniversary of Transportation Journal represents a key milestone for transportation and logistics professionals. During the last 50 years, the profession has emerged from what Peter Drucker (1962, 103) aptly described as the “Dark Continent” to one in which transportation or logistics frequently appears in the title of senior executives. Transportation Journal and the American Society of Transportation and Logistics (AST&L) have played key roles in this transformation by promoting education and preparing individuals for careers in the profession.
Transportation Changes in Europe
Authors: Martín Juan Carlos
Published: July 2011

Changes in the discipline of transport economics in Europe have implications for different modes, topics, and agents within the field. This article presents some of the most important changes, with a focus on the situation within the European Union (EU). The EU offers a coherent institutional basis for presenting some important regulations toward liberalization, in this case, those that are part of so-called European Common Transport Policy. The selection of the topics has depended largely on the interest and expertise of the author; obviously, other important topics developed by experts from individual countries or even transport authorities within their boundaries could expand the discussion.
Synthesis and Inhibiting Activity of Some 4-Hydroxycoumarin Derivatives on HIV-1 Protease
Authors: Stanchev Stancho , Jensen Frank , Hinkov Anton , Atanasov Vasil , Genova-Kalou Petia , Argirova Radka , Manolov Ilia
Published: July 2011

Six novel 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives were rationally synthesized, verified, and characterized by molecular docking using crystal HIV-1 protease. Molecular docking studies predicted antiprotease activity of (7) and (10). The most significant functional groups, responsible for the interaction with HIV-1 protease by hydrogen bonds formation are pyran oxygen, atom, lactone carbonyl oxygen and one of the hydroxyl groups. The newly synthesized compounds were biologically tested in MT-4 cells for inhibiting HIV-1 replication, exploring the protection of cells from the cytopathic effect of HIV measured by cell survival in MTT test. One derivative −7 showed 76–78% inhibition of virus infectivity with IC50 = 0.01 nM, much less than the maximal nontoxic concentration (1 mM). Antiprotease activity of 7 in two different concentrations was detected to be 25%. Nevertheless, the results of study of (7) encourage using it as a pharmacophore for further synthesis and evaluation of anti-HIV activity.
Hepatitis C Virus-Related Lymphomagenesis in a Mouse Model
Authors: Tsukiyama-Kohara Kyoko , Sekiguchi Satoshi , Kasama Yuri , Salem Nagla Elwy , Machida Keigo , Kohara Michinori
Published: July 2011

B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a typical extrahepatic manifestation frequently associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The mechanism by which HCV infection leads to lymphoproliferative disorder remains unclear. Our group established HCV transgenic mice that expressed the full HCV genome in B cells (RzCD19Cre mice). We observed a 25.0% incidence of diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (22.2% in male and 29.6% in female mice) within 600 days of birth. Interestingly, RzCD19Cre mice with substantially elevated serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor α-subunit (sIL-2Rα) levels (>1000 pg/mL) developed B cell lymphomas. Another mouse model of lymphoproliferative disorder was established by persistent expression of HCV structural proteins through disruption of interferon regulatory factor-1 (irf-1_/_/CN2 mice). Irf-1_/_/CN2 mice showed extremely high incidences of lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders. Moreover, these mice showed increased levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and Bcl-2 as well as increased Bcl-2 expression, which promoted oncogenic transformation of lymphocytes.
A Profile of Cases of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia at a Large Tertiary Centre in Dubai
Authors: Rangwala Tasneem H. , Badawi Faiza
Published: July 2011

Objectives. To study (1) the prevalence of different types of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) in the local and nonlocal population of women at Al Wasl Hospital, a tertiary level referral centre for northern Emirates, (2) the safety of cervical preparation before uterine evacuation, (3) the role of repeat uterine evacuation in curing these cases, and (4) the percentage of cases ultimately requiring chemotherapy. Material and Methods. Retrospective analysis of case records of 35 women with diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia were managed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Al Wasl Hospital, over a 2-year period between January 2007 to December 2008. Results. 35 cases of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia were seen in a 2-year period (January 2007 to December 2008) at Al Wasl Hospital, with 7000 deliveries per year, prevalence being 1 in 400 live births. 60% cases were local Arabs. Histopathology revealed complete mole in 13 cases, partial mole in 17 cases, hydropic degeneration of villi in 4 cases, and no identifiable tissue in 1 case. No cases of choriocarcinoma or placental site trophoblastic tumour were seen during the study period. 34% cases received cervical preparation with prostaglandins prior to surgical curettage. Complications were minor. 62% were cured by primary suction curettage, 12% after second (repeat) uterine evacuation, and 25% needed single drug chemotherapy. 8% cases defaulted after primary evacuation and were lost to followup. Conclusions. Prevalence of GTN in the local Arab population is similar to other Asian populations. The majority of cases are cured by simple suction uterine curettage. Cervical preparation with prostaglandins should be done in selected cases to avoid perforation during evacuation. Second (repeat) uterine evacuation can be curative in some cases with strict selection criteria and avoid the need for chemotherapy. Regional registry of cases is needed to estimate the true incidence of this disease.
The Texas Medical Board and the Futility of Medical Exceptions to Abortion Bans
Authors: Sepper Elizabeth , White Kari , Beasley Anitra
Published: May 2024

This Viewpoint describes the failure of yet another state institution to generate meaningful guidance about medical exceptions to abortion bans.