bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desafios para uma agricultura sustentável: abordagem baseada em nos biomas brasileiros
Authors: Buanain Antônio , Favareto Arilson , Ruiz Garcia Junior , Vieira Junior Pedro
Published: March 2021

A reflexão sobre os desafios para uma agricultura sustentável apresentada neste artigo toma como base os biomas, e não os recortes político-administrativos de municípios, unidades da federação e regiões, que não expressam adequadamente a oferta ambiental, que é a base de qualquer sistema agrícola. A abordagem adotada enfatiza as interdependências entre as dimensões econômica, social e ambiental, e as visões apresentadas foram colhidas em reuniões de trabalho realizadas nos 5 biomas, com a participação de pesquisadores, produtores e trabalhadores rurais, organizações não governamentais, formuladores e executores de políticas públicas e empresários direta e indiretamente envolvidos e preocupados com o desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura brasileira.
The Roland von Glasow Air-Sea-Ice Chamber (RvG-ASIC): an experimental facility for studying ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere interactions
Authors: Thomas Max , France James , Crabeck Odile , Hall Benjamin , Hof Verena , Notz Dirk , Rampai Tokoloho , Riemenschneider Leif , Tooth Oliver John , Tranter Mathilde , Kaiser Jan
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Sea ice is difficult, expensive, and potentially dangerous to observe in nature. The remoteness of the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean complicates sampling logistics, while the heterogeneous nature of sea ice and rapidly changing environmental conditions present challenges for conducting process studies. Here, we describe the Roland von Glasow Air-Sea-Ice Chamber (RvG-ASIC), a laboratory facility designed to reproduce polar processes and overcome some of these challenges. The RvG-ASIC is an open-topped 3.5 m3 glass tank housed in a cold room (temperature range: −55 to +30 ∘C). The RvG-ASIC is equipped with a wide suite of instruments for ocean, sea ice, and atmospheric measurements, as well as visible and UV lighting. The infrastructure, available instruments, and typical experimental protocols are described. To characterise some of the technical capabilities of our facility, we have quantified the timescale over which our chamber exchanges gas with the outside, τl=(0.66±0.07) d, and the mixing rate of our experimental ocean, τm=(4.2±0.1) min. Characterising our light field, we show that the light intensity across the tank varies by less than 10 % near the centre of the tank but drops to as low as 60 % of the maximum intensity in one corner. The temperature sensitivity of our light sources over the 400 to 700 nm range (PAR) is (0.028±0.003) W m−2 ∘C−1, with a maximum irradiance of 26.4 W m−2 at 0 ∘C; over the 320 to 380 nm range, it is (0.16±0.1) W m−2 ∘C−1, with a maximum irradiance of 5.6 W m−2 at 0 ∘C. We also present results characterising our experimental sea ice. The extinction coefficient for PAR varies from 3.7 to 6.1 m−1 when calculated from irradiance measurements exterior to the sea ice and from 4.4 to 6.2 m−1 when calculated from irradiance measurements within the sea ice. The bulk salinity of our experimental sea ice is measured using three techniques, modelled using a halo-dynamic one-dimensional (1D) gravity drainage model, and calculated from a salt and mass budget. The growth rate of our sea ice is between 2 and 4 cm d−1 for air temperatures of (-9.2±0.9) ∘C and (-26.6±0.9) ∘C. The PAR extinction coefficients, vertically integrated bulk salinities, and growth rates all lie within the range of previously reported comparable values for first-year sea ice. The vertically integrated bulk salinity and growth rates can be reproduced well by a 1D model. Taken together, the similarities between our laboratory sea ice and observations in nature, as well as our ability to reproduce our results with a model, give us confidence that sea ice grown in the RvG-ASIC is a good representation of natural sea ice.
Irrigation, damming, and streamflow fluctuations of the Yellow River
Authors: Yin Zun , Ottlé Catherine , Ciais Philippe , Zhou Feng , Wang Xuhui , Jan Polcher , Dumas Patrice , Peng Shushi , Li Laurent , Zhou Xudong , Bo Yan , Xi Yi , Piao Shilong
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The streamflow of the Yellow River (YR) is strongly affected by human
activities like irrigation and dam operation. Many attribution studies
have focused on the long-term trends of streamflows, yet the contributions of
these anthropogenic factors to streamflow fluctuations have not been well
quantified with fully mechanistic models. This study aims to (1) demonstrate whether the mechanistic global land surface model ORCHIDEE (ORganizing Carbon and Hydrology
in Dynamic EcosystEms) is
able to simulate the streamflows of this complex rivers with human
activities using a generic parameterization for human activities and (2) preliminarily quantify the roles of irrigation and dam operation in
monthly streamflow fluctuations of the YR from 1982 to 2014 with a newly
developed irrigation module and an offline dam operation model.
Validations with observed streamflows near the outlet of the YR
demonstrated that model performances improved notably with incrementally
considering irrigation (mean square error (MSE) decreased by 56.9 %) and
dam operation (MSE decreased by another 30.5 %). Irrigation withdrawals
were found to substantially reduce the river streamflows by approximately
242.8±27.8×108 m3 yr−1 in line with independent
census data (231.4±31.6×108 m3 yr−1). Dam operation
does not change the mean streamflows in our model, but it impacts
streamflow seasonality, more than the seasonal change of precipitation.
By only considering generic operation schemes, our dam model is able to
reproduce the water storage changes of the two large reservoirs,
LongYangXia and LiuJiaXia (correlation coefficient of
∼ 0.9). Moreover, other commonly neglected factors, such as
the large operation contribution from multiple medium/small
reservoirs, the dominance of large irrigation districts for
streamflows (e.g., the Hetao Plateau), and special management policies
during extreme years, are highlighted in this study. Related
processes should be integrated into models to better project future YR water
resources under climate change and optimize adaption strategies.
Intergenerational Transfers in Infant Mortality in Southern Sweden, 1740-1968
Authors: Quaranta Luciana
Published: March 2021

Studies conducted in historical populations and developing countries have evidenced the existence of clustering in infant deaths, which could be related to genetic inheritance, early life exposures, and/or to social and cultural factors such as education, socioeconomic status or parental care. A transmission of death clustering has also been found across generations. This paper is one of five studies that analyses intergenerational transmissions in infant mortality by using a common program to create the dataset for analysis and run the statistical models with data stored in the Intermediate Data Structure. The results of this study show that in five rural parishes in Scania, the southernmost province of Sweden, during the years 1740-1968 infant mortality was transmitted across generations. Children whose maternal grandmothers experienced two or more infant deaths had higher risks of dying in infancy. The results remained consistent when restricting the sample only to cases where the grandmother had been observed for her entire reproductive history or when controlling for socioeconomic status. When running sex specific models, significant effects of the number of infant deaths of the grandmother were observed for girls but not for boys.
Linking the Historical Sample of the Netherlands with the USA Censuses, 1850–1940
Authors: Paiva Diogo , Anguita Francisco , Mandemakers Kees
Published: March 2021

During the 19th and early 20th century about 220,000 Dutch born persons migrated to the USA. The Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) contains about 85,500 persons born in the Netherlands between 1812 and 1922. In this article we report the way we have matched persons from the HSN with the American censuses from the period 1850 till 1940. For this purpose, a linking process was designed, comprising of three stages: harmonization, matching and validation. The different nature of the two datasets (HSN and the USA Censuses) asked for some harmonization prior to the matching. Once the data had been properly prepared, two strategies were applied in order to link the data sets. The first one, called Similarity Approach, matched individuals from both datasets by comparing on the basis of resemblance of first and last names. The second approach, called Transformation Approach, made use of dictionaries with Anglicized versions of Dutch first and last names and their most common or most likely Dutch original(s). Because of the sample character of the HSN even exact matches showed ambiguity that needs to be resolved. For this reason, a validation process comparing the household context was run to provide a more trustworthy result. In the end we identified 484 individuals present in the HSN database with reliable links to the American censuses. We also evaluated the result in the light of what we know from emigration patterns to the USA over time and period and we concluded that our efforts have produced a reasonable result. Nevertheless, we are aware that we may have missed links. We also found that at least 45% of the emigrants returned to the Netherlands at some point during their life course.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes between Anteromedial and Transtibial Techniques of Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Ran , Li Tao , Zhang Qiuping , Fu Weili , Li Jian
Published: March 2021

This study compared clinical outcomes obtained after single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using the anteromedial (AM) and transtibial (TT) techniques, which comprise the conventional transtibial (cTT) and modified transtibial (mTT) techniques. This study included clinical randomized controlled trials and prospective and retrospective controlled trials with AM and TT techniques from the PubMed and Embase databases and the Cochrane Library. All databases were searched from January 2010 to July 2020. Two independent evaluators verified the quality of the included studies using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Outcome measures analysed included the Lachman test, pivot-shift test, side-to-side difference (SSD), Lysholm score, Tegner activity scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) grade and score. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 16 prospective and retrospective controlled trials were included with a total of 2202 patients. There were 1180 patients and 1022 patients in the AM and TT groups, respectively. Compared to the cTT group, superior postoperative results were observed in the AM group based on the negative rate of the Lachman test and the pivot-shift test, IKDC grade and score, Lysholm score, Tegner activity scale and SSD (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the AM and mTT groups (p > 0.05). Compared to the conventional TT technique, the AM technique exhibited superior clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, the modified TT and AM techniques had comparable results. With neither of the techniques (mTT or AM) producing significantly superior outcomes, surgeons can choose either of them depending on their preferences.
Importance of Financial literacy For Sustainable Future Environment: A Research Among People In Rural Areas With Special Reference To Mandi District,Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Kumari Sunita , Harikrishnan Ampu
Published: March 2021

Education and Role of technology is a right combination that allows the people to make the right decision for sustainable development. It has been observed that financial education is a challenge globally. Financial education plays fundamental role for better understanding the needs of combat climate change. Education and Environmental awareness are important to create global networks among the different corporation that include public and private sectors. Financial literacy is closely connected with sustainable growth of economy. Sustainable behaviors of individuals are required for ensuring the sustainable development in the society. This paper is to discuss the importance of financial literacy for sustainable future Environment. It deals with the concept of financial literacy, sustainable development and to study the respondent demographic profile as well as the knowledge about financial literacy for sustainable future environment. The paper is designed is on Primary data and secondary data. Primary data is collected through survey. A questionnaire is used which is most common tool for collection of data. Secondary data is gathered through various reports, Articles, journals or through literature review focus on financial literacy for sustainability.This paper analysis important of financial literacy for sustainable future environment with special reference to Rural people of particular District of Himachal Pradesh. This study has covered only one district of Himachal Pradesh.
Endoscopic Botulinum Toxin Injection for Refractory Enuresis Based on Urodynamic Assessment
Authors: Jung Gyoohwan , Im Young-Jae , Jang Gwan , Suh Jun Kyo , Park Kwanjin
Published: March 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the urodynamic characteristics of refractory enuresis and explored whether those characteristics can be managed through differential endoscopic injections with botulinum toxin.Methods: In total, 27 patients with nonmonosymptomatic enuresis who showed no response after conservative treatment for more than 12 months were included. The patients then underwent a videourodynamic study and received a differential endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin on the same day. Reduced capacity, detrusor overactivity, and bladder neck widening were the 3 major abnormal findings assessed during the filling phase, while sphincter hyperactivity was the only abnormality assessed during the emptying phase. An intravesical or intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin was attempted according to the videourodynamic study findings. Follow-up was conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment.Results: The median age was 10 years (range, 7–31 years). Although 19 and 8 patients had a preoperative diagnosis of overactive bladder or dysfunctional voiding, respectively, the urodynamic diagnosis was different in more than half of the patients. Those showing detrusor overactivity benefited from intravesical botulinum toxin injection, whereas those with only sphincter hyperactivity benefited from both intravesical and intrasphincteric injections. Treatment resistance to botulinum toxin seemed to be attributable to bladder neck widening. Time had no apparent effect on efficacy, which persisted 6 months after the injection. More than 80% of the patients maintained the benefits of the injection after 1 year.Conclusions: Videourodynamic studies were useful for identifying the reasons underlying refractory nonmonosymptomatic enuresis and helpful for determining the appropriate site of botulinum toxin injection.
فاعلية استخدام مقياس مقترح لاكتشاف المهارات في توجيه الطلاب والطالبات للتخصص الجامعي المناسب وتحديد أكثر المجالات التي تتناسب مع طلاب وطالبات الصف الثالث الثانوي بمنطقة القصيم
Authors:   مدير جامعة شقراء، رئيس جامعة المستقبل (سابقًا)، المملكة العربية السعودية, السيف أ. د. علي بن محمد الخلف , عبده د. هيام نصر الدين ,   أستاذ مناهج وطرق تدريس اللغة العربية المساعد، جامعة المستقبل، المملكة العربية السعودية
Published: March 2021

تهدف الدراسة إلى معرفة مدى فاعلية مقياس مقترح لاكتشاف المهارات في توجيه الطلاب والطالبات ‏للتخصص الجامعي المناسب وتحديد أكثر المجالات التي تتناسب مع طلاب وطالبات الصف الثالث الثانوي وبالتالي السعي إلى التحاقهم بالتخصص الجامعي الذي يتناسب مع مهاراتهم وقدراتهم، ومن أجل إتمام هدف الدراسة، قام الباحثان بإعداد المقياس المقترح لاكتشاف وتحديد مهارات الطلاب والطالبات، وتكون المقياس من عشر مهارات رئيسة وهي: مهارات الإدارة والابتكار، مهارات الحاسب الآلي والتقنية‏، مهارات الإلقاء والتعبير والعمل وفق قوانين، المهارات الهندسية، مهارة إدارة المجتمع وتصميم المشاريع، مهارات المجالات العلمية‏، مهارات الاهتمام بالبيئة‏، مهارات التاريخ والفلك والجغرافيا، مهارات القيادة والتفاعل مع الآخرين، مهارات التفاوض والإقناع‏.
Influence of Mineral Fertilization and Liming on Maize Production on Argic Chernozem in the Burnas Plain
Authors: Stănilă Anca-Luiza
Published: March 2021

In order to elucidate some aspects regarding the content of nutrients in the soil or humus, the bioaccumulation and mineralization process of organic matter and correction of the soils reaction in the experimental field, within the agricultural holding SC Orhideea SRL Plopsoru, Locality Daia, Giurgiu County, research has been done with chemical fertilizers with NPK and liming - Ca(OH)2 on argic chernozem in maize culture from the Burnas Plain in different doses.Obtaining appropriate agricultural production on argic chernozems is limited by a number of factors such as relief, clay loam, low-medium permeability just below the plowed horizon advanced degree of soil compaction, located between 20-35 cm from the surface (plow sole) and climatic conditions.
Los incidentes, excepciones y nulidades del proceso penal hondureño
Authors: Flores Rodríguez Enrique
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo pretende establecer de forma general, pero clara, la íntima relación que tiene el proceso penal con los derechos fundamentales constitucionalmente establecidos y protegidos por el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Estableciendo el alcance y características que tienen los incidentes, las nulidades y excepciones del proceso penal hondureño.
El bioderecho: relación entre la bioética y los derechos humanos
Authors: Rosillo Martínez Alejandro
Published: March 2021

En el presente artículo se aborda el Bioderecho como una disciplina que tiene su fundamento en la relación entre la bioética y los derechos humanos, en cuanto éstos se comprenden que son principios que en su aplicación afectan cuestiones del desarrollo de la vida humana. Se desarrolla el concepto de derechos humanos, su calidad de normas principialistas y se muestran ejemplos de la manera en que el Poder Judicial de la Federación de México los ha aplicado en cuestiones bioéticas.
Esclavitud contemporánea desde la perspectiva de la jurisprudencia interamericana y la filosofía de Byung-Chul Han
Authors: Salgado Mejía Rafael Andree
Published: March 2021

El presente ensayo académico propone un análisis y consecuentemente un comparativo entre el concepto de esclavitud contemporánea realizada por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en la sentencia del caso Hacienda Brasil Verde Vs Brasil y la definición elaborada por Byung-Chul Han a través de sus diversas obras, como ser, psicopolítica; la sociedad del cansancio y la agonía del Eros.
Influencia de la constitución española de 1978 en la constitución hondureña de 1982
Authors: Taylor Santos Jorge Alberto
Published: March 2021

El presente ensayo académico presenta un análisis contrastando los textos constitucionales de España y Honduras, de 1978 y 1982 respectivamente, a fin de identificar cual fue la influencia que pudo ejercer la Constitución española, en el texto constitucional hondureño, y de esta forma determinar que instituciones o clausulas, son una incorporación de las mismas en el ámbito nacional hondureño.
Macrofungi on Three Nonnative Coniferous Species Introduced 130 Years Ago, Into Warmia, Poland
Authors: Damszel Marta , Piętka Sławomir , Szczepkowski Andrzej , Sierota Zbigniew
Published: March 2021

In fall 2018 and 2019, we assessed colonization by fungi on Douglas fir trees [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco], white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and red cedar (Thuja plicata D. Don.) on selected experimental plots of the former Prussian Experimental Station, where nonnative tree species were introduced from North America over a century ago. The presence of sporocarps on trunks, root collars, and stumps as well as the litter layer in the soil within a radius of 0.5 m around the trunk of the tree was determined. Additionally, the volume of dead wood on the forest floor of the entire plot was assessed. We recorded numerous fungi on trees and stumps as well as in the litter and soil. For the 31 plots in 12 forest districts, we determined 745 sporocarps of 48 taxa, with 335/19 on the wood of P. menziesii trees and stumps, 377/15 on P. strobus, and 33/6 on T. plicata trees. The highest share of trees with various trunk damage levels was found for T. plicata (70.3%) and the lowest for P. menziesii (6.2%). Among the root parasitic fungi, Heterobasidion sp. and Armillaria sp. were found, especially on the collars and stumps of T. plicata and P. strobus; we did not find basidiomata of both pathogens on P. menziesii. The volume of dead wood within the P. menziesii plots averaged 7.1 m3/ha, whereas in T. plicata plots, it was 56.3 m3/ha. We identified 10 taxa that have not been reported in association with P. strobus for Poland (Cylindrobasidium laeve, Dacrymyces sp., Exidia pithya, E. saccharina, Gymnopilus pnetrans, Leptoporus mollis, Mycena sanguinolenta, Tapinella panuoides, Trametes versicolor, and Xylaria hypoxylon) and three taxa (Exidia pithya, Leptoporus mollis, Serpula himantioides) associated with T. plicata.
Cardiac function in elderly inpatients in the recovery phase of rehabilitation: determining methods of treatment during the heart failure pandemic
Authors: Takahashi Hakuo
Published: March 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate cardiac function in elderly inpatients admitted to a recovery phase rehabilitation ward. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was statistically analyzed, along with other laboratory and demographic variables.
Methods: Laboratory parameters included NT-proBNP, serum albumin, hemoglobin (Hb), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In addition, number of medications and trends in the use of cardiovascular agents were examined.
Results: Four hundred fifty-seven patients were admitted throughout the year 2017 (188 men and 269 women, aged 83 ±10.1 years). The number of patients with NT-proBNP levels of more than 125, 400, and 900 pg/mL were 347 (75.9%), 204 (44.6%), and 109 (23.9%), respectively. The percentage of patients had been treated for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia were 51.8%, 20.5%, and 18.0%, respectively. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide positively correlated with age (p=0.003), and negatively albumin (p<0.0000) and Hb (p=0.0000). Multiple regression analysis of NT-proBNP with age, albumin, eGFR, Hb, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and number of medications as independent variables revealed significant negative correlation only with albumin (p<0.0000) and eGFR (p<0.0000) independently.
Conclusions: These results indicate that 3 out of 4 elderly inpatients in the recovery phase of rehabilitation are affected by chronic congestive heart failure, and management of nutrition is essential for prevention and progression of heart failure in this group.
Huellas nómadas: Un poema en el bolsillo de Héctor Abad Faciolince
Authors: Pittarello Elide
Published: March 2021

En 2006 el escritor colombiano Héctor Abad Faciolince (1958) consigue un asombroso éxito internacional con El olvido que seremos, un delicado homenaje literario al padre asesinado en 1987 por sicarios paramilitares. Cruzando culturas y fronteras, el libro enlaza una tragedia fa-miliar con la violencia política del país, pero dejando abierto el final mientras la justicia transi-cional no dé acceso a la verdad. En 2015 Daniela Abad, hija del escritor, y Miguel Salazar ruedan el documental Carta a una sombra, en parte basado en este libro. Ahora la post-memoria fílmica de un crimen de lesa humanidad alcanza un público innumerable y globalizado, mientras el escritor sigue llevando a cabo su forma de reparación personal. Viajando entre dos continentes, averigua la autenticidad del poema de J. L. Borges que el padre llevaba consigo cuando murió. En 2009 publica el resultado —“Un poema en el bolsillo”— primero en la revista Letras Libres, luego en Traiciones de la memoria, un libro ilustrado con muchos documen-tos. Las combinaciones verbo-visuales de esta memoria en movimiento aportan nuevos cronotopos, analizados con el planteamiento de los Visual Studies. En particular, destaca una ima-gen superviviente del trauma como prueba de que cada metamorfosis aplaza el trabajo del duelo.
What Does Success in Online Teaching Look Like?
Authors: Schuman Boaz Faraday ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2021

What does success in online teaching look like? There are two ways to answer this question. The first defines success in terms of replacement of educational means: for example, how closely does an online lecture approximate its offline counterpart? The second defines success in terms of educational goals: for example, how well does an online lecture facilitate learning, compared with its offline counterpart? The first is a trap: it commits us to an endless online game of catch-up with offline models of teaching. Instead, we should adopt a goal-oriented approach, mindful of obstacles to online teaching. As a case study, I present practices developed using this approach to teach philosophy online in 2020. An important upshot is that this approach leaves us open to ways in which online teaching is actually better than its offline counterpart. I conclude with some examples of these, and discuss their future implementation.
Associations of Skeletal Muscle With Symptom Burden and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: van Seventer Emily , Marquardt J. Peter , Troschel Amelie S. , Best Till D. , Horick Nora , Azoba Chinenye , Newcomb Richard , Roeland Eric J. , Rosenthal Michael , Bridge Christopher P. , Greer Joseph A. , El-Jawahri Areej , Temel Jennifer , Fintelmann Florian J. , Nipp Ryan D.
Published: March 2021

Background: Low muscle mass (quantity) is common in patients with advanced cancer, but little is known about muscle radiodensity (quality). We sought to describe the associations of muscle mass and radiodensity with symptom burden, healthcare use, and survival in hospitalized patients with advanced cancer. Methods: We prospectively enrolled hospitalized patients with advanced cancer from September 2014 through May 2016. Upon admission, patients reported their physical (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS]) and psychological (Patient Health Questionnaire-4 [PHQ-4]) symptoms. We used CT scans performed per routine care within 45 days before enrollment to evaluate muscle mass and radiodensity. We used regression models to examine associations of muscle mass and radiodensity with patients’ symptom burden, healthcare use (hospital length of stay and readmissions), and survival. Results: Of 1,121 patients enrolled, 677 had evaluable muscle data on CT (mean age, 62.86 ± 12.95 years; 51.1% female). Older age and female sex were associated with lower muscle mass (age: B, –0.16; P<.001; female: B, –6.89; P<.001) and radiodensity (age: B, –0.33; P<.001; female: B, –1.66; P=.014), and higher BMI was associated with higher muscle mass (B, 0.58; P<.001) and lower radiodensity (B, –0.61; P<.001). Higher muscle mass was significantly associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.97; P<.001). Notably, higher muscle radiodensity was significantly associated with lower ESAS-Physical (B, –0.17; P=.016), ESAS-Total (B, –0.29; P=.002), PHQ-4-Depression (B, –0.03; P=.006), and PHQ-4-Anxiety (B, –0.03; P=.008) symptoms, as well as decreased hospital length of stay (B, –0.07; P=.005), risk of readmission or death in 90 days (odds ratio, 0.97; P<.001), and improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.97; P<.001). Conclusions: Although muscle mass (quantity) only correlated with survival, we found that muscle radiodensity (quality) was associated with patients’ symptoms, healthcare use, and survival. These findings underscore the added importance of assessing muscle quality when seeking to address adverse muscle changes in oncology.
Colon Cancer, Version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Benson Al B. , Venook Alan P. , Al-Hawary Mahmoud M. , Arain Mustafa A. , Chen Yi-Jen , Ciombor Kristen K. , Cohen Stacey , Cooper Harry S. , Deming Dustin , Farkas Linda , Garrido-Laguna Ignacio , Grem Jean L. , Gunn Andrew , Hecht J. Randolph , Hoffe Sarah , Hubbard Joleen , Hunt Steven , Johung Kimberly L. , Kirilcuk Natalie , Krishnamurthi Smitha , Messersmith Wells A. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey , Miller Eric D. , Mulcahy Mary F. , Nurkin Steven , Overman Michael J. , Parikh Aparna , Patel Hitendra , Pedersen Katrina , Saltz Leonard , Schneider Charles , Shibata David , Skibber John M. , Sofocleous Constantinos T. , Stoffel Elena M. , Stotsky-Himelfarb Eden , Willett Christopher G. , Gregory Kristina M. , Gurski Lisa A.
Published: March 2021

This selection from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Colon Cancer focuses on systemic therapy options for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), because important updates have recently been made to this section. These updates include recommendations for first-line use of checkpoint inhibitors for mCRC, that is deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high, recommendations related to the use of biosimilars, and expanded recommendations for biomarker testing. The systemic therapy recommendations now include targeted therapy options for patients with mCRC that is HER2-amplified, or BRAF V600E mutation–positive. Treatment and management of nonmetastatic or resectable/ablatable metastatic disease are discussed in the complete version of the NCCN Guidelines for Colon Cancer available at NCCN.org. Additional topics covered in the complete version include risk assessment, staging, pathology, posttreatment surveillance, and survivorship.
Adaptación de la asignatura de Responsabilidad Social del grado de Periodismo a la docencia en línea, en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: De la Calle Maldonado Carmen , Miró López Susana , De Dios Alija Teresa , De la Rosa Ruiz Daniel
Published: March 2021

La COVID-19 ha sido una oportunidad de mejora en la docencia de la asignatura de Responsabilidad Social en la UFV. La urgente necesidad de que los medios de comunicación informen con veracidad ha adquirido mayor relevancia durante la pandemia y eso es algo que ha de aprenderse ya desde la Universidad. La formación en valores como la ética y la justicia social de los estudiantes de periodismo también puede hacerse a través del aprendizaje-servicio en línea.
Se procede a hacer un descriptivo de la asignatura, así como su adaptación curricular por el confinamiento utilizando nuevos recursos. Realizamos un análisis cualitativo, mediante Atlas.ti sobre el material producido por los estudiantes, para mostrar cómo estos se han convertido en agentes de cambio social.
La principal consecuencia es el aumento significativo del grado de responsabilidad social del universitario durante la pandemia mediante formas de comunicación diferentes a las habituales. La pandemia ha supuesto una oportunidad para replantear la asignatura y ha enriquecido la experiencia del universitario en la búsqueda de soluciones colaborativas y de ayuda, reforzando su compromiso social con el bien común a través de las nuevas tecnologías.

COVID-19 has been an opportunity to improve the teaching of Social Responsibility at the UFV. The pandemic has increased the urgency of trustworthy mass media and that is something to be taught at University. Training in values such as ethics and social justice for journalism students can also be done through online service-learning.
We proceed to make a description of the subject, as well as its curricular adaptation using new resources due to confinement. We carry out a qualitative analysis, applying Atlas.ti on the material produced by the students, to show how they have become agents of social change.
The main consequence is the significant increase in the degree of social responsibility of the university student during the pandemic through different forms of communication from the usual ones. The pandemic has provided an opportunity to rethink the subject and has enriched the experience of the university student in the search for collaborative solutions and help, reinforcing their social commitment to the common good through on line learning.
Análisis de las políticas de enseñanza universitaria en España en tiempos de Covid-19. La presencialidad adaptada
Authors: Area-Moreira Manuel , Bethencourt-Aguilar Anabel , Martín-Gómez Sebastián , San Nicolás-Santos Mª Belén
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se analizan las propuestas de política educativa que las universidades públicas españolas han preparado para el nuevo curso escolar 2020-21 condicionado por la pandemia de la pandemia Covid-19. El estudio se basa en las recomendaciones ofrecidas por el Ministerio de Universidades del Gobierno de España, así como las distintas resoluciones o indicaciones que han realizado los equipos de gobierno de distintas universidades españolas. El estudio pretende dar respuesta a tres cuestiones básicas: ¿En qué consisten las políticas destinadas a la implementación de la presencialidad adaptada? ¿Existe consenso o disonancia en la interpretación de este concepto? ¿Qué visiones pedagógicas y estratégicas subyacen a las políticas de las universidades españolas sobre la “presencialidad adaptada”?

El artículo concluye señalando que existe una política similar para el sistema universitario español derivado de las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Universidades sobre la presencialidad adaptada. Asimismo, se indica que dicho concepto no existe en la bibliografía académica, pero que responde a la modalidad de la enseñanza semipresencial, híbrida o de blended learning. Se finaliza señalando que estas políticas son de corto plazo y que responden a la emergencia sanitaria careciendo de una visión estratégica sobre la transformación digital de la educación superior para los tiempos posCovid-19.

This article analyzes the educational policy proposals that the Spanish public universities have prepared for the new 2020-21 school year conditioned by the Covid-19 pandemic. The study is based on the recommendations offered by the Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain, as well as the different resolutions or indications that the government teams of different Spanish universities have made. The study tries to answer three basic questions: What are the policies for the implementation of adapted presence? Is there consensus or dissonance in the interpretation of this concept? What strategic visions underlie the policies of Spanish universities on "adapted presence"?

The article concludes by noting that there is a similar policy for the Spanish public university system derived from the recommendations of the Ministry of Universities on adapted face-to-face attendance. It is also indicated that this concept does not exist in the academic bibliography, but that it responds to the modality of blended, hybrid or blended learning teaching. It ends by noting that these policies are short-term and that they respond to the health emergency, lacking a strategic vision on the digital transformation of higher education for the post-Covid-19 times.
Praktikums. Ķīmijas tehnoloģijas procesi un aparāti. Mehāniskie, siltuma un masas apmaiņas procesi
Authors: Ozoliņš Jurijs , Bušs Armands , Kreicbergs Imants
Published: March 2021

Praktikums paredzēts kā palīgs studentiem ķīmijas teh-noloģijas procesu un aparātu izzināšanā. Tajā ir ietverti meto-diski norādījumi un deviņu laboratorijas darbu apraksti par me-hāniskajiem, siltuma un masas apmaiņas procesiem, kas notiek jebkurā ķīmiskajā ražotnē.
Mayday sustains trans-synaptic BMP signaling required for synaptic maintenance with age
Authors: Sidisky Jessica M , Weaver Daniel , Hussain Sarrah , Okumus Meryem , Caratenuto Russell , Babcock Daniel
Published: March 2021

Maintaining synaptic structure and function over time is vital for overall nervous system function and survival. The processes that underly synaptic development are well understood. However, the mechanisms responsible for sustaining synapses throughout the lifespan of an organism are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a previously uncharacterized gene,CG31475, regulates synaptic maintenance in adultDrosophilaNMJs. We namedCG31475 maydaydue to the progressive loss of flight ability and synapse architecture with age. Mayday is functionally homologous to the human protein Cab45, which sorts secretory cargo from the Trans Golgi Network (TGN). We find that Mayday is required to maintain trans-synaptic BMP signaling at adult NMJs in order to sustain proper synaptic structure and function. Finally, we show that mutations inmaydayresult in the loss of both presynaptic motor neurons as well as postsynaptic muscles, highlighting the importance of maintaining synaptic integrity for cell viability.
Sequential perturbations to mouse corticogenesis following in utero maternal immune activation
Authors: Canales Cesar P , Estes Myka L , Cichewicz Karol , Angara Kartik , Aboubechara John Paul , Cameron Scott , Prendergast Kathryn , Su-Feher Linda , Zdilar Iva , Kreun Ellie J , Connolly Emma C , Seo Jin Myeong , Goon Jack B , Farrelly Kathleen , Stradleigh Tyler W , van der List Deborah , Haapanen Lori , Van de Water Judy , Vogt Daniel , McAllister A Kimberley , Nord Alex S
Published: March 2021

In utero exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) is an environmental risk factor for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Animal models provide an opportunity to identify mechanisms driving neuropathology associated with MIA. We performed time-course transcriptional profiling of mouse cortical development following induced MIA via poly(I:C) injection at E12.5. MIA-driven transcriptional changes were validated via protein analysis, and parallel perturbations to cortical neuroanatomy were identified via imaging. MIA-induced acute upregulation of genes associated with hypoxia, immune signaling, and angiogenesis, by 6 hr following exposure. This acute response was followed by changes in proliferation, neuronal and glial specification, and cortical lamination that emerged at E14.5 and peaked at E17.5. Decreased numbers of proliferative cells in germinal zones and alterations in neuronal and glial populations were identified in the MIA-exposed cortex. Overall, paired transcriptomic and neuroanatomical characterization revealed a sequence of perturbations to corticogenesis driven by mid-gestational MIA.
Retrograde ERK activation waves drive base-to-apex multicellular flow in murine cochlear duct morphogenesis
Authors: Ishii Mamoru , Tateya Tomoko , Matsuda Michiyuki , Hirashima Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2021

A notable example of spiral architecture in organs is the mammalian cochlear duct, where the morphology is critical for hearing function. Genetic studies have revealed necessary signaling molecules, but it remains unclear how cellular dynamics generate elongating, bending, and coiling of the cochlear duct. Here, we show that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation waves control collective cell migration during the murine cochlear duct development using deep tissue live-cell imaging, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based quantitation, and mathematical modeling. Long-term FRET imaging reveals that helical ERK activation propagates from the apex duct tip concomitant with the reverse multicellular flow on the lateral side of the developing cochlear duct, resulting in advection-based duct elongation. Moreover, model simulations, together with experiments, explain that the oscillatory wave trains of ERK activity and the cell flow are generated by mechanochemical feedback. Our findings propose a regulatory mechanism to coordinate the multicellular behaviors underlying the duct elongation during development.
Targeted molecular profiling of rare olfactory sensory neurons identifies fate, wiring, and functional determinants
Authors: Arguello J Roman , Abuin Liliane , Armida Jan , Mika Kaan , Chai Phing Chian , Benton Richard
Published: March 2021

Determining the molecular properties of neurons is essential to understand their development, function and evolution. Using Targeted DamID (TaDa), we characterize RNA polymerase II occupancy and chromatin accessibility in selectedIonotropic receptor(Ir)-expressing olfactory sensory neurons inDrosophila. Although individual populations represent a minute fraction of cells, TaDa is sufficiently sensitive and specific to identify the expected receptor genes. UniqueIrexpression is not consistently associated with differences in chromatin accessibility, but rather to distinct transcription factor profiles. Genes that are heterogeneously expressed across populations are enriched for neurodevelopmental factors, and we identify functions for the POU-domain protein Pdm3 as a genetic switch of Ir neuron fate, and the atypical cadherin Flamingo in segregation of neurons into discrete glomeruli. Together this study reveals the effectiveness of TaDa in profiling rare neural populations, identifies new roles for a transcription factor and a neuronal guidance molecule, and provides valuable datasets for future exploration.
Glial insulin regulates cooperative or antagonistic Golden goal/Flamingo interactions during photoreceptor axon guidance
Authors: Takechi Hiroki , Hakeda-Suzuki Satoko , Nitta Yohei , Ishiwata Yuichi , Iwanaga Riku , Sato Makoto , Sugie Atsushi , Suzuki Takashi
Published: March 2021

Transmembrane protein Golden goal (Gogo) interacts with atypical cadherin Flamingo (Fmi) to direct R8 photoreceptor axons in theDrosophilavisual system. However, the precise mechanisms underlying Gogo regulation during columnar- and layer-specific R8 axon targeting are unknown. Our studies demonstrated that the insulin secreted from surface and cortex glia switches the phosphorylation status of Gogo, thereby regulating its two distinct functions. Non-phosphorylated Gogo mediates the initial recognition of the glial protrusion in the center of the medulla column, whereas phosphorylated Gogo suppresses radial filopodia extension by counteracting Flamingo to maintain a one axon-to-one column ratio. Later, Gogo expression ceases during the midpupal stage, thus allowing R8 filopodia to extend vertically into the M3 layer. These results demonstrate that the long- and short-range signaling between the glia and R8 axon growth cones regulates growth cone dynamics in a stepwise manner, and thus shapes the entire organization of the visual system.
Material-discursive changes: posthuman methodologies to (re)conceptualize postgraduate encounters in/with/through language
Authors: Evans Sarah
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to demonstrate how posthuman research methodologies foster change in analytical thinking strategies to encourage new understandings of academic literacy. It details data and insights from a recent PhD study exploring postgraduate students undergoing transformational entanglements of becomings with ‘academic language’. By presenting fragments of interviews with postgraduate students sites of contradictions and assumed expectations of communicative competence are explored. This is analysed by overlaying several thoughts on top of Deleuzo-Guattarian concepts major and minor language, desire, and the pre-personal. Posthuman methodologies are used to re-think ‘the problem’ of academic language, unsettling longstanding ‘deficit model’ understandings of academic literacy. Exploring possibilities of the ‘more than’ in and of language creates generative spaces for new possibilities in analytical processes. Thus, I unsettle my own thinking practices by re-turning to the data to offer multiple diffracted readings for alternative ideas about the role of language in postgraduate learners’ becomings.
How to expand the boundaries: feminist posthumanist elaborations on change in education
Authors: Gunnarsson Karin
Published: March 2021

Change is a vital matter connecting to key educational concerns of teaching and learning and also involves questions of ethics. By deploying a feminist posthumanist framework, this paper elaborates change together with the notions of boundaries and responsibility. This is done by exploring moments from a collaborative research project conducted in a Swedish upper secondary school concerning a teaching unit focusing on equality and norms. The questions guiding the paper are: How is change enacted within the teaching? And, how to unfold the responsibilities the teaching entails? By working within the interplay of empirical enquiry and theoretical elaboration, the paper addresses how a multitude of encounters become involved in enactments of change.  Further, it unfolds how change entails both unpredictability and responsibility for teaching and learning. In the concluding notes the ambiguities of change are stressed addressing the call within posthuman ethics of how to expand the boundaries.
What “what we know” does – a posthuman review methodology
Authors: Sauzet Sofie
Published: March 2021

This article unfolds a case, an argument and methodology for a posthuman approach for doing reviews from the vantage point of knowledge-fields where educational politics and knowledge production are entangled. As case, the article draws on a review on the topic of ‘social educators in schools’, following a reform of the public school in Denmark. From this review, an analytical strategy for performing ‘extendings’, is developed. ‘Extendings’ are defined as the analytical performance of co-existing, contradictory, statements concerning the same object of knowledge, within and across publications. ‘Extendings’ are proposed as an empirically embedded concept, as posthuman reviewing is considered performative of what particular knowledge-political fields do to their objects of knowledge. A posthuman, performative review methodology, then, is suggested to afford a change in knowledge-claims. The change involves a move away from representations of “what we know”, towards analytical performances of what “what we know does” to educational practice.