bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of biostimulants on cold resistance and productivity formation in winter rapeseed and winter wheat
Authors: Gavelienė V. , Pakalniškytė L. , Novickienė L. , Balčiauskas L.
Published: October 2018

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of biostimulants on the resistance to freezing under laboratory-controlled cold conditions and on the growth, development, overwintering and productivity of winter rapeseed and winter wheat in natural field experiments. The effect of free amino acids, macroelements and microelements that contain biostimulants Ruter AA, Terra Sorb and Razormin was tested on cultivars of rapeseed, ‘Hornet H’, and winter wheat, ‘Skagen’ and ‘Kovas’, applying morphometrical methods. We found that biostimulants applied to rapeseed at BBCH 13–14 stage and to wheat at BBCH 14–15 stage under controlled cold stress conditions increased the freezing tolerance of seedlings. Biostimulants more actively increased the freezing resistance of rapeseed seedlings at –5°C compared to that of wheat seedlings. The temperature of –7°C was mortal to rape seedlings, while the resistance of wheat seedlings increased under the influence of the tested biostimulants compared to that of the control seedlings. In natural field experiments, these biostimulants produced a significant effect on plant growth in autumn, acclimation to the cold, plant overwintering, vegetation renewal and, due to this, formation of productivity elements. The effects of Razormin (200 mL/ha), Terra Sorb (2 L/ha) and Ruter AA (1 L/ha) were significantly higher on growth parameters of winter wheat compared to the productivity of winter rapeseed.
Functional Heterogeneity within Rat Orbitofrontal Cortex in Reward Learning and Decision Making
Authors: Izquierdo Alicia
Published: October 2018

Rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is located in the dorsal bank of the rhinal sulcus, and is divided into the medial orbital area, ventral orbital area, ventrolateral orbital area, lateral orbital area, dorsolateral orbital area, and agranular insular areas. Over the past 20 years, there has been a marked increase in the number of publications focused on the functions of rat OFC. While collectively this extensive body of work has provided great insight into the functions of OFC, leading to theoretical and computational models of its functions, one issue that has emerged relates to what is defined as OFC because targeting of this region can be quite variable between studies of appetitive behavior, even within the same species. Also apparent is that there is an oversampling and undersampling of certain subregions of rat OFC for study, and this will be demonstrated here. The intent of the Viewpoint is to summarize studies in rat OFC, given the diversity of what groups refer to as “OFC,” and to integrate these with the findings of recent anatomical studies. The primary aim is to help discern functions in reward learning and decision-making, clearing the course for future empirical work.
ALLERGAN
Authors: Dantas Paulo E.C.
Published: October 2018

ALLERGAN
The endocrinology of the brain
Authors: Leng Gareth
Published: October 2018

The brain hosts a vast and diverse repertoire of neuropeptides, a class of signalling molecules often described as neurotransmitters. Here I argue that this description entails a catalogue of misperceptions, misperceptions that feed into a narrative in which information processing in the brain can be understood only through mapping neuronal connectivity and by studying the transmission of electrically conducted signals through chemical synapses. I argue that neuropeptide signalling in the brain involves primarily autocrine, paracrine and neurohormonal mechanisms that do not depend on synaptic connectivity and that it is not solely dependent on electrical activity but on mechanisms analogous to secretion from classical endocrine cells. As in classical endocrine systems, to understand the role of neuropeptides in the brain, we must understand not only how their release is regulated, but also how their synthesis is regulated and how the sensitivity of their targets is regulated. We must also understand the full diversity of effects of neuropeptides on those targets, including their effects on gene expression.
Androgens modulate glucocorticoid receptor activity in adipose tissue and liver
Authors: Spaanderman Dieuwertje C E , Nixon Mark , Buurstede Jacobus C , Sips Hetty H C M , Schilperoort Maaike , Kuipers Eline N , Backer Emma A , Kooijman Sander , Rensen Patrick C N , Homer Natalie Z M , Walker Brian R , Meijer Onno C , Kroon Jan
Published: October 2018

Glucocorticoid signaling is context dependent, and in certain scenarios, glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are able to engage with other members of the nuclear receptor subfamily. Glucocorticoid signaling can exert sexually dimorphic effects, suggesting a possible interaction with androgen sex hormones. We therefore set out to determine the crosstalk between glucocorticoids and androgens in metabolic tissues including white adipose tissue, liver and brown adipose tissue. Thereto we exposed male C57BL/6J mice to elevated levels of corticosterone in combination with an androgen receptor (AR) agonist or an AR antagonist. Systemic and local glucocorticoid levels were determined by mass spectrometry, and tissue expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes and protein was measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. To evaluate crosstalk in vitro, cultured white and brown adipocytes were exposed to a combination of corticosterone and an AR agonist. We found that AR agonism potentiated transcriptional response to GR in vitro in white and brown adipocytes and in vivo in white and brown adipose tissues. Conversely, AR antagonism substantially attenuated glucocorticoid signaling in white adipose tissue and liver. In white adipose tissue, this effect could partially be attributed to decreased 11B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1-mediated glucocorticoid regeneration upon AR antagonism. In liver, attenuated GR activity was independent of active glucocorticoid ligand levels. We conclude that androgen signaling modulates GR transcriptional output in a tissue-specific manner.
Evidence for Stabilizing Selection Driving Mutational Turnover of Short Motifs in the Eukaryotic Complementary Sex Determiner (Csd) Protein
Authors: Koch Vasco , Otte Marianne , Beye Martin
Published: October 2018

Short linear motifs (SLiMs) can play pivotal functional roles in proteins, such as targeting proteins to specific subcellular localizations, modulating the efficiency of translation and tagging proteins for degradation. Until recently we had little knowledge about SLiM evolution. Only a few amino acids in these motifs are functionally important, making them likely to evolve ex nihilo and suggesting that they can play key roles in protein evolution. Several reports now suggest that these motifs can appear and disappear while their function in the protein is preserved, a process sometimes referred to as “turnover”. However, there has been a lack of specific experiments to determine whether independently evolved motifs do indeed have the same function, which would conclusively determine whether the process of turnover actually occurs. In this study, we experimentally detected evidence for such a mutational turnover process for nuclear localization signals (NLS) during the post-duplication divergence of the Complementary sex determiner (Csd) and Feminizer (Fem) proteins in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) lineage. Experiments on the nuclear transport activity of protein segments and those of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) sequences revealed that three new NLS motifs evolved in the Csd protein during the post-duplication divergence while other NLS motifs were lost that existed before duplication. A screen for essential and newly evolved amino acids revealed that new motifs in the Csd protein evolved by one or two missense mutations coding for lysine. Amino acids that were predating the duplication were also essential in the acquisition of the C1 motif suggesting that the ex nihilo origin was constrained by preexisting amino acids in the physical proximity. Our data support a model in which stabilizing selection maintains the constancy of nuclear transport function but allowed mutational turnover of the encoding NLS motifs.
Support for the Dominance Theory inDrosophilaTranscriptomes
Authors: Llopart Ana , Brud Evgeny , Pettie Nikale , Comeron Josep M
Published: October 2018

Interactions among divergent elements of transcriptional networks from different species can lead to misexpression in hybrids through regulatory incompatibilities, some with the potential to generate sterility. While the possible contribution of faster-male evolution to this misexpression has been explored, the role of the hemizygous X chromosome (i.e., the dominance theory for transcriptomes) remains yet to be determined. Here, we study genome-wide patterns of gene expression in females and males of Drosophila yakuba, Drosophila santomea and their hybrids. We used attached-X stocks to specifically test the dominance theory, and we uncovered a significant contribution of recessive alleles on the X chromosome to hybrid misexpression. Our analyses also suggest a contribution of weakly deleterious regulatory mutations to gene expression divergence in genes with sex-biased expression, but only in the sex toward which the expression is biased (e.g., genes with female-biased expression when analyzed in females). In the opposite sex, we found stronger selective constraints on gene expression divergence. Although genes with a high degree of male-biased expression show a clear signal of faster-X evolution of gene expression, we also detected slower-X evolution in other gene classes (e.g., female-biased genes). This slower-X effect is mediated by significant decreases in cis- and trans-regulatory divergence. The distinct behavior of X-linked genes with a high degree of male-biased expression is consistent with these genes experiencing a higher incidence of positively selected regulatory mutations than their autosomal counterparts.
OrthoList 2: A New Comparative Genomic Analysis of Human and Caenorhabditis elegans Genes
Authors: Kim Woojin , Underwood Ryan S , Greenwald Iva , Shaye Daniel D
Published: October 2018

OrthoList, a compendium of Caenorhabditis elegans genes with human orthologs compiled in 2011 by a meta-analysis of four orthology-prediction methods, has been a popular tool for identifying conserved genes for research into biological and disease mechanisms. However, the efficacy of orthology prediction depends on the accuracy of gene-model predictions, an ongoing process, and orthology-prediction algorithms have also been updated over time. Here we present OrthoList 2 (OL2), a new comparative genomic analysis between C. elegans and humans, and the first assessment of how changes over time affect the landscape of predicted orthologs between two species. Although we find that updates to the orthology-prediction methods significantly changed the landscape of C. elegans–human orthologs predicted by individual programs and—unexpectedly—reduced agreement among them, we also show that our meta-analysis approach “buffered” against changes in gene content. We show that adding results from more programs did not lead to many additions to the list and discuss reasons to avoid assigning “scores” based on support by individual orthology-prediction programs; the treatment of “legacy” genes no longer predicted by these programs; and the practical difficulties of updating due to encountering deprecated, changed, or retired gene identifiers. In addition, we consider what other criteria may support claims of orthology and alternative approaches to find potential orthologs that elude identification by these programs. Finally, we created a new web-based tool that allows for rapid searches of OL2 by gene identifiers, protein domains [InterPro and SMART (Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool], or human disease associations ([OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritence in Man], and also includes available RNA-interference resources to facilitate potential translational cross-species studies.
Spatiotemporal Gene Expression Analysis of theCaenorhabditis elegansGermline Uncovers a Syncytial Expression Switch
Authors: Tzur Yonatan B , Winter Eitan , Gao Jinmin , Hashimshony Tamar , Yanai Itai , Colaiácovo Monica P
Published: October 2018

Developmental programs are executed by tightly controlled gene regulatory pathways. Here, we combined the unique sample retrieval capacity afforded by laser capture microscopy with analysis of mRNA abundance by CEL-Seq (cell expression by linear amplification and sequencing) to generate a spatiotemporal gene expression map of the Caenorhabditis elegans syncytial germline from adult hermaphrodites and males. We found that over 6000 genes exhibit spatiotemporally dynamic expression patterns throughout the hermaphrodite germline, with two dominant groups of genes exhibiting reciprocal shifts in expression at late pachytene during meiotic prophase I. We found a strong correlation between restricted spatiotemporal expression and known developmental and cellular processes, indicating that these gene expression changes may be an important driver of germ cell progression. Analysis of the male gonad revealed a shift in gene expression at early pachytene and upregulation of subsets of genes following the meiotic divisions, specifically in early and late spermatids, mostly transcribed from the X chromosome. We observed that while the X chromosome is silenced throughout the first half of the gonad, some genes escape this control and are highly expressed throughout the germline. Although we found a strong correlation between the expression of genes corresponding to CSR-1-interacting 22G-RNAs during germ cell progression, we also found that a large fraction of genes may bypass the need for CSR-1-mediated germline licensing. Taken together, these findings suggest the existence of mechanisms that enable a shift in gene expression during prophase I to promote germ cell progression.
Inferring Population Structure and Admixture Proportions in Low-Depth NGS Data
Authors: Meisner Jonas , Albrechtsen Anders
Published: October 2018

Meisner and Albrechtsen present two methods for inferring population structure and admixture proportions in low depth next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS methods provide large amounts of genetic data but are associated with statistical uncertainty, especially for low-depth...

We here present two methods for inferring population structure and admixture proportions in low-depth next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Inference of population structure is essential in both population genetics and association studies, and is often performed using principal component analysis (PCA) or clustering-based approaches. NGS methods provide large amounts of genetic data but are associated with statistical uncertainty, especially for low-depth sequencing data. Models can account for this uncertainty by working directly on genotype likelihoods of the unobserved genotypes. We propose a method for inferring population structure through PCA in an iterative heuristic approach of estimating individual allele frequencies, where we demonstrate improved accuracy in samples with low and variable sequencing depth for both simulated and real datasets. We also use the estimated individual allele frequencies in a fast non-negative matrix factorization method to estimate admixture proportions. Both methods have been implemented in the PCAngsd framework available at http://www.popgen.dk/software/.
Spatial Vulnerabilities of the Escherichia coli Genome to Spontaneous Mutations Revealed with Improved Duplex Sequencing
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Zhang Xuehong , Zhang Xia , Liao Yuwei , Song Luyao , Zhang Qingzheng , Li Peiying , Tian Jichao , Shao Yanyan , AI-Dherasi Aisha Mohammed , Li Yulong , Liu Ruimei , Chen Tao , Deng Xiaodi , Zhang Yu , Lv Dekang , Zhao Jie , Chen Jun , Li Zhiguang
Published: October 2018

Investigation of spontaneous mutations by next-generation sequencing technology has attracted extensive attention lately due to the fundamental roles of spontaneous mutations in evolution and pathological processes. However, these studies only focused on the mutations accumulated through many generations during long-term (possibly be years of) culturing, but not the freshly generated mutations that occur at very low frequencies. In this study, we established a molecularly barcoded deep sequencing strategy to detect low abundant spontaneous mutations in genomes of bacteria cell cultures. Genome-wide spontaneous mutations in 15 Escherichia coli cell culture samples were defined with a high confidence (P < 0.01). We also developed a hotspot-calling approach based on the run-length encoding algorithm to find the genomic regions that are vulnerable to the spontaneous mutations. The hotspots for the mutations appeared to be highly conserved across the bacteria samples. Further biological annotation of these regions indicated that most of the spontaneous mutations were located at the repeat domains or nonfunctional domains of the genomes, suggesting the existence of mechanisms that could somehow prevent the occurrence of mutations in crucial genic areas. This study provides a more faithful picture of mutation occurrence and spectra in a single expansion process without long-term culturing.
Activity Performance Curves of Individuals With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: van Gorp Marloes , Roebroeck Marij E. , Swan Tan Siok , de Groot Vincent , Gorter Jan Willem , Smits Dirk-Wouter , Schmidt Ann Katrin , Dallmeijer Annet J. ,   on behalf of the PERRIN DECADE Study Group
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Describe development curves of motor and daily activity performance in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).

METHODS:

Participants with CP aged 1 to 20 years at baseline (n = 421) and Gross Motor Functioning Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to V (27% of participants with intellectual disability [ID]) were longitudinally assessed up to a 13-year follow-up period. Motor and daily activity performance were assessed using the relevant subdomains of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales survey. Nonlinear mixed effects analyses were used, estimating the limit (average maximal performance level) and the age by which individuals reached 90% of the limit (age90).

RESULTS:

Limits of motor performance decreased with each lower functional level. Age90 for motor performance was reached at ∼6 to 8 years of age in children with GMFCS levels I to III, and at younger ages in those with lower functional levels. Limits of daily activity performance did not differ between individuals without ID with GMFCS levels I to III. The age90s of daily activities were reached between 11 and 14 (personal), 26 and 32 (domestic), and 22 and 26 years of age (community). Individuals with ID reached lower daily activity performance limits earlier.

CONCLUSIONS:

Individuals with CP continue to develop motor performance after gross motor capacity limits are reached. For those without ID, daily activities continue to develop into their 20s. Individuals who are severely affected functionally have the least favorable development of motor performance, and those with ID have the least favorable development of daily activity performance.
Impacto de los indicadores del modelo SCOR para el mejoramiento de la cadena de suministro de una Siderúrgica, basados en el ciclo cash to cash
Authors: Jassir-Ufre Erick , Domínguez Santiago Mildred , Paternina-Arboleda Carlos D. , Henríquez Fuentes Gustavo Rafael
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo, realizado a través de un estudio de caso en una empresa del sector siderúrgico, se apoya en la revisión literaria sobre los indicadores de segundo nivel del modelo SCOR para la gestión de una cadena de suministro. Estos indicadores hacen alusión a la importancia de la planeación de los pagos a los distintos proveedores en una compañía perteneciente al sector de aceros en Barranquilla, Colombia. Para ello, se pretende conocer el impacto que generan en el orden de las finanzas corporativas estos indicadores, siendo el objetivo principal de este artículo demostrar que un buen manejo del ciclo cash to cash en la empresa objeto de estudio coadyuvará a mejorar los índices de liquidez por el impacto que estas variables tienen directamente en el flujo de caja de la compañía. Dentro de los resultados se destaca que las empresas deben garantizar la planeación financiera al momento de cubrir obligaciones que se adquieren con proveedores, permitiendo la optimización de la cadena de suministro y optimizando la labor financiera de la compañía desde la gestión logística. Se propone la optimización en la gestión de cartera para optimizar el flujo de caja de la empresa estudiada.
Editorial
Authors: Castañeda Victor
Published: October 2018

En la actualidad, son muchas las preocupaciones que se generan en el contexto colombiano respecto al financiamiento de la educación pública, en particular por las restricciones fiscales que se hacen evidentes en varios frentes. Cabe mencionar la reducción del presupuesto del Ministerio de Educación para la vigencia del 2019, las modificaciones propuestas al Decreto 1279 del 2002 (el cual establece el régimen salarial y prestacional de los docentes de las universidades públicas) y el anuncio de la terminación del programa Ser Pilo Paga.
Education Sociological Paradigms Importance of Education Sciences
Authors: Trakšelys Kęstutis
Published: October 2018

The paper analyzes the sociological theory. Western type public modernity theories are assumed as a process, for which a developing society is approaching the developed societies reaching a certain level of economic growth, a certain level of public participation and the democratic stage of development, giving the individual more physical, social and economic mobility. Structural functionalism (Parson, 1997; Merton, 1997 et al.). With the approach to this theory, it can be said that inequality in education stems from the ascription to social class, strata, ethnic groups, etc., also due to individual’s achievements, which are usually associated with the innate talents and efforts. The analysis of an individual’s social functioning and social stratification is based on the approach to Capital theory (Bourdieu, 1986). Thus, the participation of education players in education system, also the accessibility of education to an individual depends on the volume and structure of the available capital. Participation in individual’s reproduction process and education system, based on the approach to this theory, is defined by individual’s habits (habitus), and harmony with individual’s social status. The theory of social conflict (Dahrendorf, 1996; Coser, 1969) argues that conflicts can be identified among all social systems and the educational institute. In terms of social conflict society is the actual and potential arena of conflicts. Network activity theory (Burt, 1982; Granovetter, 1973; Castells, 2005) aims to analyze and describe reciprocal link models in the social system. The followers of this theory keep to the opinion that social structures need to be investigated first, as the players’ behavior is constrained by social structures. Very often it is the case at education institution that students from the disadvantaged families, with negative evaluations or various disorders, are often isolated from the classroom and school community.
Effectiveness and Eficiency of Educational Systems in a Context of Shifting Educational Paradigms
Authors: Želvys Rimantas , Dukynaitė Rita , Vaitekaitis Jogaila
Published: October 2018

Neoliberal conceptions are pervading educational context worldwide. Lithuania is not an exception. Originally conceived as a sociocultural educational paradigm is being rapidly replaced by an economical paradigm. Constrained and short-sighted preoccupation with labour market needs is a sharp shift from humanistic and cultural vision of education as social good per se.

Effectiveness and efficiency as an important endeavour of The New Public Management today permeates our education system. Data from international surveys show clear links between investment in education and student learning outcomes, yet, as EBPO PISA 2015 demonstrates, science classrooms in Lithuanian schools come short of laboratory equipment, leaving teachers with traditional chalk and talk methods, significantly lagging behind the international ones. We ask rhetorically “outputs without inputs”?

Despite the criticism of narrow input-output mindset growing numbers of educational efficiency studies are observed. Moving away from economical concerns to focus on the educational process educational effectiveness research includes such variables as classroom microclimate, student motivation, socioeconomic and cultural status, which is proven to have tremendous influence on student learning outcomes and overall wellbeing. Effectiveness and efficiency research though seemingly complement each other but still rarely merge.

Our most important educational documents – Lithuania’s progress strategy “Lithuania 2030”, National Education Strategy, Education Act, The Good School Concept are characterized by humanistic rhetoric stressing the importance of social and cultural aspects of education, but more than often indicators of success are oriented towards the implementation of the neoliberal economic education paradigm which leaves a lot to be desired.
Association of Soluble TNFR-1 Concentrations with Long-Term Decline in Kidney Function: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Bhatraju Pavan K. , Zelnick Leila R. , Shlipak Michael , Katz Ronit , Kestenbaum Bryan
Published: October 2018

Background

TNF receptor-1 (TNFR-1), which plays a causative role in endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammation, is expressed on the cell surface in glomerular and peritubular capillary endothelium of the kidneys. Higher soluble TNF receptor-1 (sTNFR-1) concentrations are associated with kidney disease progression among persons with established diabetic kidney disease. However, no studies have assessed sTNFR-1’s role in long-term kidney function changes in a multiethnic population without cardiovascular disease at baseline.

Methods

We tested associations between baseline sTNFR-1 concentrations and 10-year decline in eGFR (incident ≥40% decline and annual proportional decline) among 2548 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a prospective cohort study. Serum creatinine concentrations were determined at enrollment and study years 3, 5, and 10.

Results

Mean age of participants was 61 years old, 53% were women, and mean baseline eGFR was 79 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Serum sTNFR-1 was inversely associated with baseline eGFR. Over median follow-up of 9.3 years, 110 participants developed ≥40% decline in eGFR; each SD higher concentration of sTNFR1 was associated with higher risk of 40% eGFR decline (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.16 to 1.77;P<0.001). The highest sTNFR-1 tertile was associated with adjusted annualized decline in eGFR of 1.94% (95% CI, 1.79 to 2.09). Associations persisted across subgroups defined by demographics, hypertension, diabetes, and baseline CKD status.

Conclusions

Elevated serum sTNFR-1 concentrations are associated with faster declines in eGFR over the course of a decade in a multiethnic population, independent of previously known risk factors for kidney disease progression.
EKSTRAKSI SELULOSA DARI SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU SENGON MELALUI PROSES DELIGNIFIKASI ALKALI ULTRASONIK
Authors: Trisanti Prida Novarita , H.P., Sena Setiawan , Nura’ini Elysa , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: October 2018

Kayu sengon (Albizia chinensis) merupakan salah satu jenis kayu yangmelimpah di Indonesia. Kandungan selulosa pada kayu sengon cukup tinggi sebesar 41,17%. Proses ekstraksi selulosa dari kayu sengon dapat dilakukan melalui proses delignifikasi atau penghilangan kandungan lignin. Umumnya, proses delignifikasi dilakukan dengan larutan alkali pada konsentrasi tinggi, suhu tinggi dan waktu yang lama.Agar konsentrasi alkali yang digunakan rendah dan waktu lebih pendek, proses delignifikasi dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan ultrasonik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh kondisi operasi (suhu dan waktu) proses delignifikasi dengan ultrasonik terhadap kadar selulosa yang diperoleh. Proses delignifikasi dilakukan denganmencampur serbuk kayu sengon (40 mesh) dengan larutan NaOH (0,3M) dengan perbandingan 1:30 (w/v). Kondisi operasi yang digunakan adalah suhu 30 °C dan 40 °C pada berbagai waktu (10menit hingga 70menit). Setelah proses delignifikasi, produk di bleaching dengan NaOCl hingga warnanya menjadi putih. Analisis yang dilakukan antara lain adalah metode Chesson, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil dari analisa menunjukkan bahwa kristalinitas tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 77,05 % pada 40 °C selama 30 menit dan kadar lignin turun hingga mencapai 0,41%.
BAKÜ BELEDİYE BİNASINDAKİ FİGÜRLÜ ARMALARIN İKONOGRAFİK YORUMU
Authors: AKTEMUR Alimurat
Published: October 2018

Özet

İstiklaliyet caddesi’nde
yer alan 1870 tarihli Belediye Binasının mimarı aslen Polonyalı olan İ.V. Goslavski’dir.

Meclis Binası, Belediye
Binası gibi adlarla anılan bu yapı, genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde,
Neo-Barok ve Art-Nouveau üsluplarında ve XIX. yüzyılda Bakü’ye hakim olmaya
başlayan Avrupai tarzda yapıldığı görülür.

Pencere alınlıklarındaki
kabartma şeklinde işlenmiş armaların ikonografisine genel olarak baktığımızda;
sağlık ve tıbbın,  işgücü ve üretimin,
eğitim ve ilmi araştırmaların, dünyayı ilmi araştırmalarla tanımanın, doğanın
önemine vurgu yapıldığı, tüm bunların insan yaşamı ve medeniyeti için
vazgeçilmez olduğunun üzerinde durulduğu görülür.

Anahtar
Kelimeler: Bakü, Belediye Binası, Arma, İkonografi
ÇANKIRI-ÇORUM-AMASYA HATTI ÜZERİNDEKİ HİTİT YERLEŞİMLERİNİN LOKALİZASYON SORUNLARIYLA İLGİLİ GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: SİR GAVAZ Özlem
Published: October 2018

Son
yıllarda Hititler Dönemi Anadolu’nun tarihi coğrafyası ile ilgili değerli araştırmalar
yapılmış ve bu yöndeki çalışmalar artış göstermiştir. Bu çalışmalarda ortaya
konulan yeni görüşler ve isabetli lokalizasyon önerileri, özellikle günümüzde
Çankırı, Çorum ve Amasya İllerini kapsayan bölgenin tarihi coğrafyasını
aydınlatmada yol gösterici olmuştur. Fakat yapılan yeni teklifler bir takım sorunları
da beraberinde getirmiştir. Zira zaten tarihi coğrafya açısından problemli olan
bu bölge, kuzeydeki Kaška sorunsalı ile de büsbütün çıkmaza girmektedir.

Çalışmada Hititçe metinlerde geçen bazı
önemli yerleşimler ve bu yerleşimler için yapılan farklı lokalizasyon
tekliflerinin yol açtığı tartışmalar değerlendirilecektir.  Özellikle Hititlerin başkenti
Boğazkale/Hattuša, Ortaköy/Šapinuwa, Maşathöyük/Tapigga ve Oymaağaç/Nerik
eşitlikleri esas alınarak yerleşimler için yapılan farklı görüşler
karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulacaktır.
STABILITY ANALYSES FOR DOUBLE CROPPING IN SOYBEAN [(Glycine max L.) Merrill]
Authors: ILKER Emre , KOCATURK Mehmet , KADIROGLU Abdullah , ALTINBAS Metin , YILDIRIM Aliye , OZTURK Gulsum , YILDIZ Hakan
Published: October 2018

Double crop agriculture is a great advantage for the coastal Mediterranean climate. Although a number of
soybean varieties have been recommended for cultivation, the information on the stability for double cropping
is lacking for the agro-climatic conditions of Mediterranean coastal zone. Ten high-yielding advanced soybean
[Glycine max (L.) Merr] lines and four registered soybean varieties having maturity group III and IV
(ARISOY, ATAEM7, BRAVO and NOVA) were evaluated for double cropping in different regions and years
(2014, 2015 and 2016 in Izmir-Bornova, 2015 and 2016 in Antalya-Aksu). The F test was first applied to check
differences of the deviation variances from the zero. In addition, statistics of ecovalance (Wi2
) and stability
variance (σi2
), estimating the contribution of a genotype to total Genotype x Environmental interaction (GxE),
were estimated. As a result of this research, two different conclusions were determined. If sufficient water is
provide (500-700 mm) BATEM 306 and BATEM 317 lines can be grown, otherwise, the other two (BATEM
207 and BATEM 223) can be suitable to grow in the regional conditions.
Modelling aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of an Atlantic mountain grassland based on time series approach
Authors: Salaberria A. , García-Baquero G. , Odriozola I. , Aldezabal A.
Published: October 2018

Because primary productivity is related both with the energy that sustains food webs and with species diversity, it is usually considered a key ecosystem property and a reliable indicator of available forage. In this work the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) of an Atlantic mountain grassland system was modelled in order to attempt producing short-term forecasts. Since grazing influences productivity, two treatment levels (grazing and exclusion) were experimentally applied in each of three field sites. Monthly ANPP data were then collected over three consecutive vegetative periods (2006-2008), thereby obtaining six time series (one per plot). Since no significant differences among sites (within treatments) were found, these six series were later reduced through averaging to only two series (one per treatment level). Two kinds of statistical models were then used to attempt monthly ANPP forecasting: exponential smoothing methods and ARIMA models. Both methodologies turned out to produce inadequate forecasts due to the presence of marked local features (innovative outliers) in our relatively short time-series data. Nonetheless, useful information for a more innovative shepherding management was revealed (e.g. the presence of within-year variation in ANPP, and differences between the grazing and exclusion treatments). Longer data series, which would require a more demanding effort in sampling investment, are likely necessary in order to obtain adequate forecasts using these time series methodologies.
Estimativas de recarga aquífera com uso de filtros digitais em sub-bacias hidrográficas do Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral no estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Bortolin Taison Anderson , Reginato Pedro Antonio Roehe , Presotto Marco Antonio , Schneider Vania Elisabete
Published: October 2018

A estimativa de recarga aquífera possui grande relevância nos estudos de águas subterrâneas e cálculo de disponibilidade hídrica em diferentes regiões. Este estudo teve por objetivo estimar a recarga de águas subterrâneas a partir de 3 diferentes métodos através da estimativa de parâmetros de escoamento de base em 11 sub-bacias, inseridas no Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral localizadas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul a partir de dados diários de 30 anos de vazão (1977/2006). Para tal foram utilizados filtros recursivos digitais como métodos de separação de escoamento de base como o proposto por Eckhardt, onde é possível obter o fluxo de base nos cursos d’água através da separação da vazão em dois elementos: escoamento superficial (direto) e escoamento de base (indireto). O resultado dessa separação é definido por um índice de escoamento de base (BFI), sempre restringido a um valor máximo (BFImax). Para este fim, foram aplicados 3 valores de BFImax: um predefinido por Eckhardt conforme geologia local, um obtido através da razão das vazões de permanência Q90/Q50 e outro através da utilização de um filtro inverso proposto por Collischonn e Fan (2013). Após, calculou-se as taxas de recarga (TR), relacionando os valores da vazão de base média obtidos em cada estação fluviométrica analisada e as áreas de drenagem de cada sub-bacia. Pode-se constatar que para a região de estudo os parâmetros predefinidos de Eckhardt apresentam valores mais baixos na maior parte das bacias se comparado aos outros. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que há diferenças estatisticamente significativas no emprego de diferentes métodos. Para as 11 sub-bacias do Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral, foram encontradas recargas que variaram entre 9,23% utilizando o método 2 até 35,87% da precipitação com o emprego do método 3. Destaca-se, entretanto, que as diferenças nos valores, além de depender dos parâmetros e métodos utilizados podem estar associadas a uma série de fatores fisiográficos e climatológicos da bacia, sendo de suma importância sua avaliação na estimativa de recarga.  http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v6iss2p21
Didáctica de las matemáticas y tecnologías de la información y la comunicación
Authors: Parra Rozo Omar , Díaz Pérez Vianney Rocío
Published: October 2018

La incursión de las nuevas herramientas peda­gógicas en el contexto educativo en matemáticas; genera una transformación socio-cultural concer­niente a la praxis pedagógica y didáctica actual. La investigación que derivó en el presente artículo pretende resaltar y fundamentar los procesos de incidencia de las TIC sobre la resolución de pro­blemas en el marco de la didáctica de las mate­máticas. Desde esta perspectiva; se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de fuentes especializadas a partir de una metodología descriptiva basada en la sistematización y clasificación de textos para dar un sustento crítico-argumentativo. Se identificaron unos núcleos de trabajo: Historia y didáctica de las matemáticas; resolución de problemas y tecnolo­gías de la información y la comunicación. El mar­co cuestionador se enfocó hacia el acercamiento a una reestructuración curricular en las matemá­ticas; retomando la vinculación del pensamiento matemático y una didaxis hacia la comprensión mediada por las tecnologías y el software espe­cializado; como recurso implícito en la conceptua­lización de la disciplina matemática en el contexto.
Age-related peculiarities of some linear parameters of metacarpal bones in men of Tajikistan
Authors: Matyushechkin S. V.
Published: October 2018

The aim of the study was to study the linear parameters (length and width of the diaphysis) of metacarpals (MB) in males of Tajik nationality permanently residing in Tajikistan in the age aspect, as well as establishing the possibility of using linear MB parameters to determine the age of the examined. Material and methods . An examination of 117 X-rays was carried out in males of Tajik nationality aged 6-17 years living in Kanibadam in Tajikistan. The length of the MB, the width of the diaphysis of the MB were studied on the radiographs. The relationship between the length and width of the MB diaphysis with age was determined using the Pearson's parametric correlation coefficient - «r» and the nonparametric correlation coefficient - «rs». Comparison of the results with the size of MB in St. Petersburg residents was made. Results. Morphometric examination showed that in boys in Tajikistan, the length of the MB and the width of the diaphysis of the MB significantly increased with age, which is confirmed by the data of the correlation analysis. Dependence of the length and width of the MB on age is described by the linear regression equation, which is an analytical solution to the question of the nature of the dependence of the length and width of the MB diaphysis and the age of the examined. The presence of differences in the size of MB in different age periods was found in boys in Russia and Tajikistan, especially at the age of 14 years. Ethno-territorial differences are more often expressed in the width of the MB than in the length. Conclusions. It was established, that the correlation between the age of the examined and the length of the MB is closer than between the age and the width of the MB diaphysis. To determine the age of the examinee, it is better to use the MB length parameters than the width of the MB. The highest reliability in determining the age of males in Tajikistan from the data obtained was determined according to the length of MB II, and the lowest index was the width of the MB V diaphysis.
Ingeniería didáctica para el aprendizaje de la función lineal mediante la modelación de situaciones
Authors: Campeón Becerra Milton Cesar , Aldana Bermudez Eliecer , Villa Ochoa Jhony Alexander
Published: October 2018

En el presente artículo se analiza la forma cómo aprenden los estudiantes el concepto de función lineal a partir de una ingeniería didáctica, en la cual desarrollarán tareas de modelación de situaciones en contexto, El propósito principal es potenciar el aprendizaje del concepto de función mediante la modelación de situaciones, lo cual se logra a través de la confrontación entre las concepciones a priori y a posteriori de los estudiantes en la fase 4 de la ingeniería. La metodología empleada, los instrumentos utilizados y los objetivos trazados hacen de esta una investigación cualitativa dado que no se pretende evaluar modelos, ni validar hipótesis o teorías preconcebidas para analizarlas por métodos matemáticos. Entre los resultados obtenidos se encontró que las dificultades relacionadas con el aprendizaje del concepto de función lineal están asociadas con el traslado a través de los diferentes registros semióticos de representación que esta posee, especialmente el traslado a los registros algebraico y gráfico. Se concluyó que efectivamente es posible alcanzar un aprendizaje del concepto de función en el cual los estudiantes desarrollen el pensamiento variacional mediante el reconocimiento, percepción y caracterización de la variación y el cambio en diferentes contextos, para modelarlo, describirlo y representarlo utilizando diferentes registros semióticos, como lo plantean los lineamientos curriculares propuestos por el Ministerio deÂ
Percepción docente del fenómeno de la repitencia en LICEL-UIS
Authors: Arciniegas Díaz Hugo Armando , Suárez Cruz Pamela Andrea , Carreño Carrillo Sergio Andrés
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo se propone ampliar el conocimiento sobre la repitencia en la Licenciatura en Español y Literatura de la Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) (fenómeno no muy estudiado en la universidad, según los rastreos bibliográficos realizados de manera previa a esta investigación). De manera específica, la percepción docente, tanto de planta como de cátedra, de tal fenómeno. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo una serie de encuestas y otra de entrevistas a fines de 2016. Las encuestas las respondieron 20 profesores vinculados actualmente con el programa, sin distingo alguno, y las entrevistas las respondieron dos profesores, uno de cátedra y otro de planta, de cada línea de énfasis del programa: literatura, lingÃ¼ística, lengua extranjera, y didáctica y procesos pedagógicos. A partir del análisis de tales resultados, y con la ayuda de un soporte teórico sobre la repitencia, se descubrió cómo los profesores, de manera general, encontraban que, si bien la repitencia en el programa no era muy alta entonces, los pocos estudiantes que repetían lo hacían porque no tenían una buena formación previa; tenían malos hábitos de estudio; faltaban mucho a clase, o no tenían una vocación docente, entre otras causas. Se concluyó cómo la repitencia es un fenómeno multidimensional sobre el que influyen diversas causas, y se sentó el precedente para futuros estudios sobre la repitencia universitaria tanto en las licenciaturas como en otros programas de la UIS.
Methodological Approach for Developing a KMS: A Case Study
Authors: Griman Anna , Rojas Teresita , Pérez María
Published: October 2018

This article describes the construction of a Knowledge Management System (KMS) by applying fundamental concepts and principles of Software Engineering, such as process, models, methodology, technology and architectures, among others. They are applied to the field of Knowledge Management as a means of improving the process of developing applications in this domain, in an endeavor to increase its effectiveness.

This paper’s main contribution is a methodological approach progressing from knowledge processes to a set of appropriate systems. The use of modeling techniques and technologies that may prove helpful to the Software Engineer are suggested as part of this approach, while the technological, social and organizational aspects to be considered are highlighted. This proposal was evaluated through the development of a Knowledge Management System for a Venezuelan organization – a research center.

The evaluation proved the effectiveness of the methodological aspects proposed. These may be of use as inputs for some Learning Software Organizations dedicated to the development of this type of system.
Análise de atos de currículo na educação física em escolas da rede municipal de Simão Dias - SE e Paripiranga - BA
Authors: Macêdo Libni David de Santana , Ramos Tiago de Melo , Purificação Thaís Almeida , Neira Marcos Garcia
Published: October 2018

Atos de Currículo se constituem como toda e qualquer ação curricular planejada e desenvolvida pelos atores educacionais. Na Educação Física, estes vem sendo motivados e influenciados pelas teorias curriculares tradicionais, crítica e pós-critica. Este trabalho surge a partir das inquietações pautadas em quais teorias curriculares estão vinculados os Atos de Currículo na Educação Física escolar no ensino fundamental II em escolas da Bahia e Sergipe. Objetivamos analisar os planos de ensino da disciplina Educação Física, buscando vestígios das correntes teóricas. A metodologia caracterizada como pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa do tipo documental. Analisamos o conteúdo por categoria. O objeto de estudo foram os planos de ensino de dois professores (P1 e P2), do 6º e 9º ano de duas escolas (E1 e E2). Os resultados apontam certa dificuldade na organização dos planos. Ambos apontam para a repetição dos esportes coletivos como temas dominantes, pautados principalmente em concepções tradicionais do currículo. Concernindo à Educação Física escolar um papel reducionista de fomentar corpos biologicamente harmoniosos para o lazer, o trabalho e a aprendizagem de outros conhecimentos. Outro traço é a falta de progressão dos conteúdos a serem ensinados.
Não foi casualidade - o circo como opção profissional: entrevista com André Sabatino
Authors: Bortoleto Marco Antonio Coelho , Miranda Rita de Cassia Fernandes
Published: October 2018

Mais do que o resultado de uma entrevista, o presente texto expressa um diálogo que se prolongou por muitos anos. Trata-se, pois, de um relato comentado e referenciado sobre a trajetória profissional de André Sabatino desde sua formação inicial em Educação Física até a consolidação de sua carreira como artista circense. Seu percurso mostra claramente que a universidade pode e deve ser um espaço mais arejado, amplo e diverso. Suas palavras reforçam a ideia de que as experiências formativas no campo da Educação Física precisam oferecer diferentes oportunidades e permitir “alçar distintos voos”, incluindo, por que não, o da profissionalização artística. Um exemplo potente de que as fronteiras do conhecimento e das “disciplinas universitárias” precisam ser revistas, visando contribuir para uma educação alinhada aos desafios contemporâneos
Um estudo da mudança das ações docentes de um supervisor do PIBID-Matemática
Authors: Carvalho Diego Fogaça , Arruda Sergio De Mello , Passos Marinez Meneghello
Published: October 2018

Neste artigo analisamos a ação docente de um supervisor do PIBID-Matemática, por meio de um instrumento de análise denominado Matriz 3x3. O instrumento permite categorizar as relações estabelecidas pelos professores com o saber, o ensinar e o aprender para qualquer conteúdo escolar. Os dados foram obtidos pela observação das aulas do supervisor para três turmas do sexto ano do ensino fundamental. Com base em comparações realizadas sobre a ação desse professor, antes e após uma intervenção feita pelo pesquisador no campo, observamos que essas ações mudaram: antes, suas aulas focavam mais o ensino, demonstrando maior interesse com sua conduta e a maneira como a exposição do conteúdo e manutenção da ordem eram realizadas; após a intervenção, elas passaram a focar mais a aprendizagem, possibilitando que os alunos fossem mais ativos durante esse processo, considerando suas percepções e soluções apresentadas sobre o conteúdo abordado.