bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TARİHSEL SÜREÇ İÇERİSİNDE ÇALIŞMA VE GİG EKONOMİSİ
Authors: DİLEKOĞLU ÇALCA Sevim , AYDIN Üzeyir
Published: December 2022

Teknolojik gelişmeler ve dijitalleşme ile insan yaşamı pek çok açıdan sürekli değişime uğramaktadır. Bu değişimlerden biri de çalışma yaşamında meydana gelmiştir. Artan internet erişimi ve sosyal medya kullanımıyla geleneksel iş ve çalışma anlayışında büyük değişimler yaşanmaktadır. Uzun süreli iş anlayışı yerini kısa süreli işlere bırakmaktadır. Günümüzde, pek çok insan internet üzerinden veya başka bir aracı ile daimî olmayan işlerde çalışmaktadır. Artık işe ihtiyacı olan ile iş talep edenler çok hızlı bir şekilde çeşitli platformlar aracılığı ile bir araya gelebilmekte ve bahse konu olan iş çok daha kısa sürede tamamlanmaktadır. Gig ekonomisi, bu süreçte tek seferlik veya geçici işlerde çalışanların her geçen gün artmasıyla ortaya çıkan yeni çalışma biçimini tanımlamak için kullanılabilecek kavramlardan yalnızca biridir. Gig ekonomisi bir işveren için çalışmaktan ziyade, her biri ayrı ücret alan, geçici işleri olan veya ayrı işler yapan kişilere dayalı bir çalışma sistemi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu yönüyle gig ekonomisi, son yıllarda giderek artan şekilde araştırmalara konu olmakta ve ekonominin göz ardı edilemeyecek bir parçası haline gelmektedir. Yaşanan gelişmelerin çalışma hayatında da değişim yaratması aslında eskiden beri var olan bir durumdur. Kısa süreli, tek seferlik veya sözleşmeye dayalı çalışma yeni oluşan bir çalışma biçimi değildir, ekonominin birçok sektöründe her zaman var olmuştur. Fakat söz konusu çalışma biçimi günümüz teknolojisi ile bir dönüşüm geçirmekte ve bu dönüşüm gig ekonomisinin yaygınlaşması ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çalışmanın değişimini tarihsel bir süreç içerisinde ele almak, gig ekonomisini analiz etmek ve yerli literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada geçmişten günümüze çalışmanın dönüşümü değerlendirilmekte, gig ekonomisinin kapsamı, yükselişi, avantaj ve dezavantajları incelenmekte ve gig ekonomisi işleyişine yer verilmektedir.
Fatores de risco e distribuição espacial dos óbitos por COVID-19: revisão integrativa
Authors: Alves de Oliveira Rayanne , Santos Neto Marcelino , Gomes Nogueira Ferreira Adriana , Maia Pascoal Lívia , Miranda Bezerra Janaína , Pereira Dutra Richard , Fernandes Pereira Ana Lúcia
Published: December 2022

Justificativa e objetivos: a compreensão sobre os fatores clínico–epidemiológicos e ambientais relacionados aos óbitos por COVID-19 e sua distribuição no espaço podem servir de subsídios para direcionar e implementar ações de saúde mais eficazes às populações vulneráveis. Desse modo, objetivou-se sintetizar as evidências científicas relacionadas aos fatores de risco e distribuição espacial dos óbitos por COVID-19 no mundo. Conteúdo: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, formulando-se a seguinte questão norteadora: quais as evidências científicas relacionadas aos fatores de risco e distribuição espacial dos óbitos por COVID-19 no mundo? Realizaram-se buscas na biblioteca Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science e National Library of Medicine (PubMed) em junho de 2021. Foram considerados estudos originais, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol, sem recorte temporal, sendo excluídos estudos com grupo específico de idade ou com público com comorbidade específica. Foram incluídos 25 estudos, com achados em distintos cenários pelo mundo. Fatores, como idade, sexo e doenças pré-existentes, estiveram associados aos óbitos por COVID-19, que apresentaram distribuição espacial heterogênea e ocorreram em condições ambientais, socioeconômicas e geográficas peculiares desses territórios. Conclusão: idade igual ou maior que 60 anos, sexo masculino, doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus e áreas geográficas com maior poluição ambiental, maior densidade populacional e precárias condições sanitárias influenciaram na mortalidade da COVID-19.
Avaliação da ocorrência de infestação por triatomíneos em ambientes domiciliares no município de Tauá-Ce, 2012
Authors: Araujo Elivan Custodio
Published: December 2022

Justificativa e Objetivos: Triatomíneos são vetores de Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico da doença de Chagas, parasitose que atinge mamíferos e humanos. A destruição ou transformação dos ecótopos naturais tem se intensificado, resultando na invasão de triatomíneos em domicílios trazendo riscos a população. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar um levantamento de dados sobre a infestação de triatomíneos em localidades do interior do município de Tauá-Ce, em 2012. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo/exploratório de natureza quantitativa, onde os dados secundários foram obtidos junto à Secretaria de Saúde (Núcleo de Endemias) do município. Resultados: O percentual de infestação nas 15 localidades estudadas foi de 26,1%, sendo as localidades mais afetadas: Sítio Central do Incra 50%, Fazenda Brôco 18,2%, Jordão 16,7%, Fazenda Bom Lugar 0%, Fazenda Riacho do Mato 40%, Fazenda Cearauai 37,5%, Sítio Riacho do Mato 30%, Fazenda Cedro 17,4%, Cachoeirinha 27%, Fazenda Várzea do Feijão 24%, Cachoeira do Júlio 41,2%, Fazenda Mutuquinha 9,4%, Sítio Várzea Grande 33,3%, Iparana 9,1% e Cachoeira do Celso 16,7%. Conclusão: O estudo mostrou que há um expressivo índice de infestação triatomínica em ambiente domiciliar, o que representa um grande risco a saúde da população tauaense. Sendo assim, sugere-se um controle entomológico mais frequente, ultrapassando o período de campanhas para um melhor acompanhamento da ocorrência desses insetos na região.
Incidência e letalidade por COVID-19 na população do Distrito Federal: um estudo ecológico
Authors: Gois Teixeira Jackson , Dos Santos Antonio Carlos
Published: December 2022

Justificativa e objetivos: o entendimento da situação social da COVID-19 em países pobres e menos desenvolvidos ainda é dubitável. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo é estimar a incidência e letalidade por COVID-19, de acordo com a renda per capita das regiões administrativas do Distrito Federal (DF). Métodos: trata-se de um estudo ecológico descritivo, baseado em dados secundários. Foram incluídas 31 regiões administrativas do DF, e a população foi composta por 382.488 indivíduos. Consideraram-se como variáveis sexo, incidência, mortalidade, letalidade, faixa etária, estimativa populacional e escolaridade. Resultados: apesar da contaminação maior por parte das mulheres, em termos de mortalidade total, mais homens foram a óbito, representando 57,3% do total de mortos no período. A respeito da influência do grau de escolaridade e da renda na incidência, verifica-se que os maiores índices de casos confirmados aconteceram em grupos com maior nível de escolaridade e de renda. Apesar dessa maior incidência, é o grupo que exibe a menor letalidade e a terceira menor mortalidade por 100.000 habitantes. Conclusão: as mais altas taxas de incidência foram observadas nas regiões com maior renda per capita. Por outro lado, a letalidade ocorreu, de forma mais incisiva, nas regiões de menor poder aquisitivo. Diante disso, é necessário aplicar medidas preventivas de longo prazo em regiões desiguais.
COVID-19 Stress in Married Individuals in Terms of Dyadic Copingand Problem-Solving in Marriage
Authors: KURT İdil Eren , SANBERK İsmail
Published: December 2022

This study aims to examine the relationship between the levels of married individuals being affected by the new life form that has emerged due to COVID-19 and the variables of dyadic coping with stress and problem-solving in marriage. The study group consists of 487 married individuals (77% women, 23% men) living in Turkey. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used in data analysis. It is found that regression model was significant and 46% of the COVID-19 pandemic effect was explained by problem-solving in marriage and dyadic coping with stress. The effect of both predictor variables on the COVID-19 Impact Index was moderate. This finding reveals that the couple can show greater resilience in the face of challenging life events if the ability to jointly cope with stress and problem solving is acquired. Explaining the impact of stressful life events such as Covid 19 on dyadic or triadic relationships with internal variables such as personality provides less information about the nature of relationships. In a couple relationship, the way one of the partners copes with stress and solves problems can be a source of stress for the other. For this reason, there is a need for studies that reflect the social context in studies examining the couple relationship.
IMPACT EVALUATION OF NEW FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ON ECONOMIC SECURITY INDICATORS FOR BUSINESS ENTITIES
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Popov Alexey Yurievich
Published: December 2022

Measures aimed to improve the efficiency of activities and ensure sustainable growth lead economic entities to a detailed analysis of economic security indicators, with the analysis based on reliable and representative information. Changes in accounting legislation call for adjustments in the methodology applied to assess economic security by the financial statements. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the impact of new federal accounting standards on economic security indicators in order to develop efficient management and financial solutions. Methodologically, the paper considers national and international works in the field under study, the provisions of current legislation, as well as financial statements of the Russian companies. In the course of the work, general scientific and special methods of scientific research were applied: review, analysis, analogy, deduction, etc. The author's indicator-based approaches to assessing the economic security of enterprises revealed the need to standardize the methodology for uniformity and comparability of analytical data. The key principles of changing the reporting indicators which are aimed at improving the quality of financial information and its convergence with international rules are described. However, the new reporting rules significantly affect security indicators. This fact is illustrated by the case with two leasing companies. The conclusion is that the companies developing the programs for better financial stability and fewer threats to economic security should take a more detailed approach to analyzing the information base of financial statements, with its standardization calling for further scientific reasoning.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION UNIONS: A METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors:   Brest State Technical University, Zazerskaya Victoria Vasilievna
Published: December 2022

The processes currently taking place in the global economy, namely globalization, changes in market trends, tougher competition, and the associated uncertainty in international economic and political ties give rise to new imperatives for the mutual arrangement of the states. Thus, economic integration is perhaps the key process contributing to the sustainable development of the leading and developing countries of the world. Regionally integrated territories are becoming increasingly important. At the same time, integration is influenced by the concentration criteria of more intensive economic relations between regions, institutional coordination based on long-term general norms. The regions should be economically managed to ensure the sustainability of the socio-economic system, which means to maintain its functional features and structural components. Economic development is considered to be a fundamental concept rooted in evolutionary and revolutionary approaches and applied to determine the conditions for the development of cross-border regions. Cross-border regions’ development was analyzed, and the results show that this concept was regulated by the theories of globalization, regionalization, and transnationalism at its different stages. The methodological framework was understudied, and this outlined the need to up-grade the classification of socio-economic system development types with a “structural changes” criterion. The economic development of the region is defined as a consistent process leading to better living conditions of the inhabitants. To achieve the target living standard, key target indicators of the socio-economic development should be achieved with the cost-efficient exploitation of the region’s resource capacity. The criteria for the typology of regional integration unions are systematized and divided into the stages of development, the level of management, the models of border and interregional relations, an institutionalization level of cross-border cooperation. The factors which affect regional integration and relevant trends of its development are defined. An institutional and economic approach has been applied to define a modern group of regional integration associations. This approach accounts the interaction of socio-economic and organizational-economic relations and their ties with the efficient powers of the region. The typology of regional integration unions includes a framework, surface, and rational integration.
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AS A STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CONCEPT OF THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Ivanovo State University, Ibragimova Rozaliia Savievna , Golovkin Dmitry Sergeevich ,   Ivanovo State University
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the problems of improving the industrial enterprises management which are becoming relevant due to dynamic changes in the operating environment under the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution, structural transformation of socio-economic and technological processes. The main objective of the work is to find and develop a concept of strategic management which is the most reasonable and appropriate for the modern conditions. This concept should synchronize in-house transformations with the permanent changes in the external environment; provide a timely response to the emerging concerns and opportunities in all aspects of activity, proactive managerial decision-making. Methodologically, the research arises from the classical and modern theories of strategic planning and management, models of sustainable development and endogenous economic growth. The authors offer an approach to the development of a strategic management system. The approach is novel thanks to the integration of the concept of the industrial enterprise economic potential and modern management tools (Balanced Scorecard, Foresight, Benchmarking, Life-cycle Management, Value-Based Management, etc.). Special attention is paid to the strategic planning as the main link of the management system: the company’s strategy is logically designed and described; the vectors of foresight research and prospects of Balanced Scorecard are highlighted; balanced indicators are systematized by the key elements of the company’s economic potential; the methodology for calculating the partial and integral Balanced Scorecard indicators is clarified. The approach to the strategic management proposed in the paper and the presented set of methodological developments can be used in the practices of industrial companies, which is confirmed by the testing results at textile enterprises.
THREE ABSENT FACTS OF MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURALISM
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Lamberov Lev D.
Published: December 2022

The mathematical structuralism of M. Resnik is a possible solution to the problems posed by P. Benacerraf for any adequate philosophy of mathematics. In the paper, the epistemological part of the concept is briefly outlined, and it is shown how, according to M. Resnik, we can obtain the knowledge of mathematical objects by disregarding the perceptual data. The ontological part, according to which con-sistency is taken as a criterion of existence, is also considered. To understand positions, M. Resnik uses the metaphor of a geometrical point. Thus, positions cannot be compared with one another in case they belong to different structures just as points cannot be individuated in case they do not belong to the same plane. Mathematical structures can be in relations of congruence, occurrence, and definitional equiva-lence, but there is no identity relation for them since the positions of the structures do not necessarily co-incide. In addition, the paper compares M. Resnik’s conception of structural relativity with W.V.O. Quine’s ontological relativity. From the conception of structural relativity naturally follows what can be called the doctrine of three types of absent facts. Each type of absent facts is explained separately, then it is demonstrated that some interpretations of P. Benacerraf’s identification problem are incorrect. Keywords: mathematical structuralism, mathematical object, structure, identity, ontological relativity.
RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE IN BUILDING THE MATERIALIST CONCEPT OF ETHNOS AND THE PROSPECT OF ITS PHILOSOPHICAL
Authors:   Perm State University, Koryakin Vyacheslav V.
Published: December 2022

In the second half of the 20th century, Soviet ethnography, built on materialistic foundations, encountered difficulties in defining an ethnos. Traditionally understanding it as a combination of various kinds of social communities (economic, territorial, linguistic, cultural, mental), it could not explain the discrepancies in their boundaries and identify their ethnic content as such. These difficulties were caused, first of all, by the heuristic limitations of the prevailing abstract-universal dialectical-materialist theory, capable of grasping in development only the general, neglecting the entire variety of the special and the individual. Ethnos is a concrete phenomenon, representing a unity of common, special, and individual aspects of social reality. The definition of its essence is possible only with the deepening of materialist theory, the transition to concrete-universal dialectic, which describes in development both the general and the compressed, generalized form of the entire diversity of the special and the individual. The most promising version of this deepening may be seen in the definition of ethnicity based on the dialectic of the generic and individual human essence. Given this essence, an ethnos can be defined as a separate society that produces itself as humanity for itself and others. This definition allows us to present ethnos as a unity of non-coinciding aspects of social life (various social communities) manifested in the unity of the main development trends (differentiation and in-ternationalization) aimed at the production of common cultural values.
THE WAY TO PSYCHOLOGY: ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOSEMANTICS
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Petrenko Viktor F. ,   Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

The article presents the history of the creation and formation of experimental psychosemantics — a research approach developed by Viktor Petrenko and his colleagues and employees on the basis of the laboratory of communication psychology and psychosemantics of the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov. This approach is developing within the framework of the methodological school of L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontyev and A.R. Luria based on the ideas of G.A. Kelly (personal construct theory) and C.E. Osgood (semantic differential technique). The events of the second half of the 1960s and 1970s which laid the foundation for the future research approach followed by the main stages of its develop-ment in the 1980s and 1990s as well as at present daysare described in detail. Psychosemantic methods are used to study the content of consciousness, ideas of a person in the field of politics, economics, law, ethics, art, his ideas about himself, other people; individual and ethno-social characteristics of categorization and con-struction of the image of the world in relation to the consciousness of both an individual subject and social, ethnic or professional communities and groups. In recent years, the focus of research work in the field of psy-chosemantics has shifted to the physical aspects of the categorization problem, methodological comparisons of the approaches of psychosemantics and quantum physics.
THE CRISIS OF AGENCY IN MODERN SOCIETY
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Kazantseva Vera A.
Published: December 2022

The problem of the crisis of agency in modern society is posed. This is evidenced by such negative phenomena as the crisis of the sovereignty of national states, absenteeism, populism and other realities of political life. And they are typical for many states around the world, since countries in the context of globalization of the country are in-terdependent and mutually vulnerable. Power in our study is understood as a redistribution of agency between the actors of the political process. Agency is defined as an ability to act. The thesis about the need for a harmonious unity of a strong state and a strong civil society is substantiated. The processes of redistribution of agency «bot-tom-up» and «top-down» in modern politics are considered. Their causes and consequences are revealed. The need to establish a harmonious unity of the state and civil society is due to the fact that the world is gradually be-coming truly multipolar, new centers of power are being formed in the international arena. At the same time, some political actors resort to demonstrating agency, while others prefer to hide it for one reason or another, and still others imitate agency. The effective implementation of the agency of the state in the international arena, the protection of national interests is possible only in conditions of cooperation with civil society, its support.
PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE NON-PROFIT SECTOR OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Starshinova Alevtina V. , Chikova Evgeniya V. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Borodkina Olga I. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: December 2022

The results of a study of the development in the Russian regions of socially oriented non-profit organizations (SO NPOs) that provide services to families raising children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are ana-lyzed. The study was conducted in the period from 2019 to 2021, 11 semi-structured interviews were selected for analysis with managers and employees of non-profit organizations providing social services to children with ASD and their families (Yekaterinburg, Novorossiysk, Rostov-on-Don, Pyatigorsk and Kislovodsk, Kha-barovsk). It is shown that the need for the development of NPOs working with this group of children is due to an increase in the number of such children and the lack of opportunities to receive services they need in the system of state social service institutions in full. Currently, NGOs have taken a leading position in the social services for children with ASD. However, as this segment of the non-profit sector of social services develops, problems accumulate that hinder its development. Non-profit organizations experience a shortage of resources (financial, personnel, qualification, volunteer), they are characterized by a low organizational culture, limited partnerships with the business community, etc., they are faced with the need to constantly overcome bureau-cratic barriers when interacting with regional departmental governments, and also with manifested «consumer extremism» in a certain part of families raising children with ASD. Representatives of NGOs are concerned that in the near future there will be a critical increase in adult citizens with autism spectrum disorders, for whom the domestic practice of social services currently lacks the necessary ecosystem of assistance that could constitute an alternative to neuropsychiatric boarding schools for adults with ASD. In the future, the develop-ment of a non-profit sector of social services for people with ASD should contribute to the formation of such a system, including early diagnosis, early assistance, adapted training and education, accompanied by social em-ployment / employment, accompanied by accommodation. To create such an ecosystem of assistance, a real in-tersectoral social partnership is needed, in which the role of the non-profit sector can be realized as the prob-lems of its development, which are analyzed in the article, are overcome.
LEGITIMISATION OF RUSSIA'S SPECIAL FOREIGN POLICY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIC NARRATIVES OF RUSSIAN OFFICIALS
Authors:   NRU ", Myasnikov S. A. ,   Higher Stake of Economics"
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of an analysis of the strategic narratives of the President of Russia and representatives of the Russian Foreign Ministry in substantiating Russian military operations abroad. The analysis is carried out on the example of the military operation in Georgia (2008), special operation in Crimea (2014), Crimea joining Russia, and the military operation in Syria (since 2015). The justification for military operations was mainly carried out by the president and representatives of the Russian Foreign Ministry. The justification for military operations was intended to legitimize the military actions and decisions of the Russian Federation. Officials used strategic, national and issue narratives. The core of the justification was the interpretation of historical memory and the description of the actions of Western countries as contrary to international law. The author shows that the justification for Russia's military operation in Georgia differed from that of the Crimea joining Russia, and the military operation in Syria. In the first case, Russian officials blamed Western countries for illegitimate actions to a lesser extent than in the case of justifying the Crimea joining Russia, and the military operation in Syria. Moreover, after 2017 Russian actors began to use narratives about the humanitarian mission of Russia.
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF MASS SUPPORT FOR AUTOCRACIES: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Zubarev N. S.
Published: December 2022

Despite the fact that autocracies are frequently portrayed in art as states where all power belongs to a single person or a group of people, such states need mass political support. The latter signals that attempts at changing the status quo have little chances of success, lowers the probability of violent revolutions, and forms democratic legitimacy, while at the same time weakening the political role of civilian population. A significant share of studies on mass support of autocracies considers economic factors as key variables. Nevertheless, a number of papers point out that such states could be rather resilient to economic shocks. Social psychology has a number of approaches that could offer additional explanations of dynamics of political support in autocracies. This article attempts to systematize results of publications that maintain the significance of these theories. Potential explanatory models include social identity theory, value theories of Inglehart-Welzel and Schwartz as well as Big Five personality traits and emotions in politics.
PATRONAGE AS A KEY PREDICTOR OF GOVERNOR’S ROTATION: FACTORS OF STABILITY OF THE HEADS OF RUSSIAN REGIONS AFTER THE RETURN OF THE GOVERNOR'S ELECTIONS IN 2012
Authors:   NRU HSE, Balandin Yu. А.
Published: December 2022

The return of direct gubernatorial elections in 2012 did not lead to an increase in the autonomy of regional heads - on the contrary, the federal center only strengthened control over the staffing of regional executive power. Moreover, the rotation is only growing despite the positive dynamics of «United Russia» representation and support in the federal and regional legislatures. In this regard, the thesis that the good results of the "party of power" ensure the stability of governors (Reuter, Robertson, 2012) needs to be revised. The study aimed to identify the key predictors influencing the rotation of Russian governors after the return of direct elections of the heads of Russian regions. Using logistic regression analysis on panel data, the high significance of patronage as a predictor of the resignations of Russian governors from 2012 to 2020 was revealed. The hypothesis was confirmed that the higher the degree of patronage of the governor, the lower the likelihood that the head of the region will leave his post or not be promoted in the formal hierarchy. It turned out that the loyalty expressed in the results of the "United Russia" in the regional and federal elections is no longer a key predictor of the rotation of governors.
WHEN ARE AUTHORITARIAN ELECTIONS COMPETITIVE? THE CASE OF ST. PETERSBURG'S LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS
Authors:   European University in St. Petersburg, Kozmin D. A.
Published: December 2022

Elections in authoritarian regimes are commonly defined as “unfair and uncompetitive,” but is it always true? The author argues that in the case of the heterogeneity of elite groups in the region and the emergence of a conflict among them, regional elections become an "arena for confrontation" for competing actors of the political system. To test this assertion, data on the results of elections and the characteristics of election campaigns in 25 single-member districts in the elections to the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg in 2021 are used. With the method of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), the hypothesis of the existing conflict among elite groups is confirmed. In case the city administration "approved" a candidate from the opposition party instead of the ruling one, and also if the previous deputy in the district is not re-elected in the same district, the elections are competitive, and the victory of a particular candidate is unpredictable. As a result of the analysis, such factors of election competitiveness as the number of candidates on the ballot and high turnout are also identified. Thus, in the event of a conflict between regional elites, authoritarian elections fulfill their original function: serve as platforms for the competitive struggle of various political groups.
THE DEPORTATION OF NORTH CAUCASIAN PEOPLES IN THE PUBLIC PERCEPTION: CASES OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHECHNYA AND THE REPUBLIC OF INGUSHETIA
Authors:   European University in St. Petersburg, Ushparov I. A.
Published: December 2022

The memory of tragic events plays an important role in the formation of collective identity. Not all ethnic groups’ historical narratives coincide with the official state historical policy. The deportation of 1944 played a key role in determining ethnic identity for Chechen and Ingush groups. This article examines the process of construction and evolution of the local historical narrative about the deportation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples in Soviet and post-Soviet period. The analysis shows that the existing way of commemoration and interaction with the memory of the tragic events in the Republics are different. In the Chechen Republic a low level of institutionalization of memory of deportation can be observed, and in-family form of sharing remains the dominant approach. The authorities of the Republic actively displace the memory of the deportation from the memorial and public space, linking it with the political crisis in the 1990s. However, they continue to use the narrative to mobilize citizens. In the Republic of Ingushetia, on the contrary, the appeal to memorials, as well as the consolidation of the status of trauma as a key historical event, is institutionalized and generally shared, supported by both the authorities of the Republic and the public.
Masticatory function according to body mass index. Part II: electromyographic analysis
Authors:   Dental School, Research Centre for Dental Sciences (CICO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile., Farfán Constanza ,   Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile., Venegas Camila ,   Dental School, Research Centre for Dental Sciences (CICO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,   Master program in Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile., Lezcano María ,   Dental School, Research Centre for Dental Sciences (CICO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile,   Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile., Fuentes Ramón ,   Dental School, Research Centre for Dental Sciences (CICO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile,   Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The objective of this study was to explore the electrical activity of the superficial muscles of mastication required to exert unilateral maximum bite force in subjects with different body mass index. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a sample of 21 participants with an average age of 22.9 ± 3.5 years who were classified according to their body mass index, forming three study groups: normal weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9) and obesity (≥30), with seven participants each. Through surface electromyography, the superficial muscles of mastication during right and left maximum bite force were evaluated. Results: No statistically significant differences in the maximum bite force were observed between the study groups. The data obtained from the electromyographic analysis of the superficial muscles of mastication demonstrate a trend indicating that subjects with a normal body mass index similarly activate the muscles on each side when performing a maximum bite force on a particular side, while overweight or obese subjects demonstrated significantly greater activation of the temporalis muscle associated with the side where the maximal bite force is performed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the maximum bite force is not influenced by body mass index and that during the performance of a maximum bite force subjects with increased body mass index present a greater activation of the temporalis muscle associated with the side where the maximum bite force was performed.
Self-report on COVID-19: A survey of Paraguayan dentists.
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Facultad de Odontología. Asunción, Paraguay., Díaz-Reissner Clarisse , Jara Cynthia ,   Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Facultad de Odontología. Asunción, Paraguay., Cataldi Leticia ,   Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Facultad de Odontología. Asunción, Paraguay., Adorno Carlos G. ,   Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Facultad de Odontología. Asunción, Paraguay.
Published: December 2022

Aim: To determine the frequency of signs and/or symptoms compatible with COVID-19 in Paraguayan dentists, as well as the possible source of contagion. Material and Methods: Online survey consisting of 13 questions, applied to all dentists in Paraguay from January 20 to February 15, 2021. Results: A total of 433 dentists participated in the survey; 47.5% displayed symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and 13.39% indicated that they had contracted the disease, providing confirmation via a positive test result. Headache, loss of smell, loss of taste, cough, and fatigue were the most prevalent symptoms among COVID-19 positive cases. The main source of contagion was the family nucleus. Only one participant reported having contracted the disease while providing dental care. Conclusion: Almost half of the dentists displayed symptoms compatible with COVID-19. Only 13.39% tested positive for COVID-19. Only one case of contagion was reported to have happened during the provision of dental care.
Enseigner la littérature en UPE2A
Authors: ANSELMO Marielle
Published: December 2022

Après avoir rappelé le fonctionnement des dispositifs d’accueil pour élèves allophones en France (les UPE2A ou Unités pédagogiques pour élèves allophones arrivants) depuis leurs plus récentes évolutions (2012), nous examinons le rôle dévolu aux enseignante.s dans ces classes et nous penchons sur la question de l’enseignement de la littérature, en relevant les difficultés auxquelles cet enseignement se trouve confronté. Nous montrons comment le recours à la pratique artistique et à la pédagogie de projet peuvent constituer un levier efficace face à ces difficultés, en évoquant en particulier un travail mené autour du mythe d’Orphée.
Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of Nanostructured Cellulose Obtained through Chemical and Biological Methods
Authors:   Institute of combustion problems (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Vassilyeva Natalia V. , Savitskaya Irina S. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Zhantlessova Sirina D. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Mansurov Zulkhair A. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Almaty, Kazakhstan),   Institute of combustion problems (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Smagulova Gaukhar T. ,   Institute of combustion problems (Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Published: December 2022

The authors obtained samples of chemically pure, crystalline, microand nanostructured cellulose of various modifications using two approaches – biological and chemical. They studied these cellulose samples via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. To prepare cellulose microcrystals, they used the mild acid treatment method based on glycerolacid mixtures for treating cotton fibers. They showed that the chemical processing of cotton fiber ensured its dispersion with generation of microcrystals surrounded by a partially preserved amorphous shell. The authors produced bacterial cellulose (BC) films using the Komagataeibacter xylinus C3 strain in surface cultivation conditions. With a view of obtaining higher-quality SEM images, they applied chemical fixation of lipids and proteins with critical drying to fix the process of nanofiber synthesis by bacterial cells. The two-step fixation method helped find the fibrillar structure of a cellulose film, while the morphology of bacterial cells was not deformed. The authors made a comparative analysis of the IR spectroscopy results between chemically synthesized cellulose microcrystals and BC. The obtained cellulose samples do not contain lignin and hemicellulose, both samples are highly crystalline. The BC has an ordered structure, higher crystallinity and gets carbonized when exposed to air pyrolysis. A thermogravimetric analysis of the samples shows the absence of thermally stable impurities. Both cellulose samples of biological and chemical origin are thermally stable, and the initial decomposition temperature is high enough for cellulose materials. These results show that the authors have managed to create nanocellulose materials that might be potentially applied in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, functional composites, engineering, etc.
Andromonoecy and Floral Protandry of Oenanthe aquatica (Apiaceae)
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Godin Vladimir N. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhipova Tatyana V. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Vetlova Maria A. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Kuranova Natalia G. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University
Published: December 2022

The paper studies the synflorescence structure and flowering biology of the biennial monocarpic wetland plant Oenanthe aquatica. This species has a set of adaptations to prevent self-pollination, including generation of a pseudanthium, andromonoecy, intra- and interfloral protandry, and a specific sequence of flowering within its umbels. The synflorescence of O. aquatica is a panicle of umbels. The size of perfect and male flowers consistently decreases as the order of synflorescence axes grows. The size-related differences between perfect and staminate flowers on axes of the same branching order consist only in the length of their calyx abaxial teeth, corolla diameter, width of abaxial petals, length and width of anthers, and length and height of stylopodium. We have identified two arrangements of staminate flowers in O. aquatica: male flowers are located at the periphery or in the center of the umbellets. The share of staminate flowers in umbels increases as an axis order grows. The female phase of flowers on axes of one order occurs simultaneously within entire synflorescences with the male phase of flowers on axes of the next order, which might mean geitonogamy. Perfect flowers live for five to seven days, while staminate flowers function for no more than one day. The article contains 4 Figures, 2 Tables, 32 References. The Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Exact solution of the fundamental equation of acoustics for a pressure wave developing in two directions
Authors:   Gazprom transgaz Tomsk LLC, Borodin Vladislav I. , Lun-Fu Alexandr V. ,   Gazprom transgaz Tomsk LLC, Bubenchikov Mikhail A. ,   Tomsk State University, Bubenchikov Alexey M. ,   Tomsk State University, Mamontov Dmitriy V. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2022

The authors proceed from the hyperbolic equation for acoustic pressure. Using the integral Fourier transform along the axial coordinate, an equation in partial derivatives for the kernel of this transformation is found. This equation contains only one spatial coordinate and time. Applying the integral Laplace transform in time to the last equation, we obtain an ordinary differential equation with respect to the radial coordinate for the corresponding image. It turns out that the solution of the last equation is the well-known Macdonald function. For this function, it was possible to find the original image according to Laplace. All this made it possible to write an integral formula for the pressure in a sound wave. If the function of the initial pressure distribution along the pipe axis is taken in the form of a Gaussian impulse, then the integrals included in the representation of the desired solution are taken explicitly. As a result, we obtain an explicit compact formula for the acoustic pressure distribution in the axisymmetric case. It is convenient to use this formula to analyze the distribution of sound disturbances both along the pipe axis and in the radial direction. Therefore, the results are presented as isobars in the (z, r) plane corresponding to different times.
Uniqueness of recovery of the Sturm-Liouville operator with a spectral parameter quadratically entering the boundary condition
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Mammadova Leyla I. , Nabiev Ibrahim M. ,   Baku State University; Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan; Khazar University
Published: December 2022

The work is devoted to the study of the inverse problem for the Sturm-Liouville operator with a real square-integrable potential. The boundary conditions are non-separated. One of these boundary conditions includes a quadratic function of the spectral parameter. A uniqueness theorem is proved and an algorithm for solving the inverse problem is constructed. As spectral data, we use the spectrum of the considered boundary value problem, the constant term of the quadratic function of the spectral parameter included in the boundary condition, and some special sequence of signs. From these spectral data, the characteristic function of the boundary value problem is first reconstructed in the form of an infinite product and the parameters of the boundary conditions, and then the problem is reduced to the inverse problem of reconstructing the potential of the Sturm-Liouville operator from the spectra of two boundary value problems with separated boundary conditions. The results of the article can be used for solving various versions of inverse problems of spectral analysis for differential operators, as well as for integrating some nonlinear equations of mathematical physics.
Simulation of the coal mine ventilation with account for gob areas
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Kolegov Grigoriy A. , Krainov Aleksey Yu. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: December 2022

Mine ventilation network models are widely used in underground coal mining in Russia. The models cover a variety of practical problems ranging from simple air distribution in active mine workings to changes in the static air pressure gradient associated with complex technological or hazardous processes occurring in mines. Isolated gob areas are integral parts of ventilation networks in coal mines. The most commonly used underground coal extraction technology in Russia is the longwall mining. A gob forms when a coal seam is extracted, and the upper layers of the rock cave in. Gobs are isolated from active mine entries with seals, but there is always air leakages from active faces inducing the air circulation in isolated areas. Gobs join different coal seams and often become the sources of underground fires. Therefore, the inclusion of gobs in mine ventilation network models would help contain accidents and eliminate the caused damage. The study uses the method of representative elementary volumes to incorporate a porous medium into mine ventilation network models. Quadratic resistances are assigned to the edges of the model, where Kirchhoffs laws are valid. The aerodynamic resistances of the gob edges are calculated using the Ergun equation. The proposed method has been used to evaluate pressure gradients in the gob area of the Raspadskaya mine. Several scenarios of the aerodynamic resistance variation in the active mine workings surrounding the gob area, such as partial flooding and drilling of boreholes from the surface, have been simulated, and the corresponding changes in pressure gradients have been analyzed.
A new processing algorithm for photoelasticity method data
Authors:   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Likhachev Aleksey V. , Tabanyukhova Marina V. ,   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: December 2022

The photoelasticity method is a reliable tool for studying the stress state of flat elements in building structures using the models made of optically sensitive materials. In this paper, the classical photoelasticity is considered. The experimental data obtained with the use of the method are presented as interferograms. A decoding procedure implies the obtaining of some normal and tangential stress values in the plane of the model. The polarization-projection installations that are used in optical methods are rather simple. However, the digital processing of the images obtained during the loaded model transmission requires high-intelligent software. Nowadays, national and international laboratories, working with polarization-optical methods, strive to develop digital photoelasticity. For some reasons, the authors of the presented work needed to develop their own algorithms for decoding experimental data of the photoelasticity method. This work is mainly devoted to a formulation of the problems to be solved. Some of them have already been solved, and the results obtained are presented here. The authors place special emphasis on the description of the algorithm for tracing of interference fringes based on the analysis of the image gradient.
Aerodynamic patterns of sound functioning in vocal music
Authors:   Tomsk State Philharmonic, Klimenko Vyacheslav
Published: December 2022

The article presents a view of the singing process of a vocalist from the point of view of the connection of this process with the laws of aerodynamics. Some concepts from the sphere of physics - aerodynamics are given, a number of singing features are considered. This approach is unusual for the traditionally pedagogical and humanitarian approach of most authors. It is also very important that the singing process is described at once from different approaches.