bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing maps with fictional and real road intersections for the evaluation of countdown timer displays for bicyclists
Authors: Keler Andreas , Grigoropoulos Georgios , Kaths Heather , Krämer Klaus , Kaths Jakob , Spangler Matthias , Busch Fritz
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Urban environments are more or less characterized by active travel modes, including the bicycle usage. Present transport infrastructure for bicyclists can often not serve the high traffic volumes, especially in rush hours. Therefore, introducing novel and specific traffic control strategies for bicyclists might serve as supportive element for improving bicycle traffic efficiency and safety. We evaluate a traffic control strategy implying countdown timer displays for bicyclists with one device being permanently installed in Munich (Germany) by (1) extracting cyclist trajectories from video observations before and after the installations, and, (2) introducing a bicycle simulator scenario via a map design approach. The latter includes a sequence of fictional and real road intersections and goes beyond evaluating the present countdown timers in VR, since different other countdown timer display designs are being tested. The whole bicycle simulator study consists of test rides and subsequent questionnaires with test subjects. We explain the design of the first simulator study and show selected results, which imply significant new insights resulting from the first 30 test rides and questionnaires.
Mapping of reforestation progress in Chilean National Park Torres del Paine
Authors: Márquez Ítalo , Staub Guido
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Torres del Paine National Park is one of the most important of the world due to its particular biotic characteristics, climate and geomorphologic conditions (Mattar et. al, 2012), which makes unique with invaluable attractions for tourists and scientists. Furthermore it is one of the main sources of income generated by tourism in Chile. It is located in the southernmost Chilean region namely Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica and comprises a total of 242242 hectares.Since 1980 several forest fires inside the national park have caused great losses to flora and fauna. Despite several initiatives carried out by the national forest cooperation (CONAF) to reduce the number of forest fires, it was not possible to install sustainable management plans. As a consequence, it is still of huge concern that most of the forest fires are caused by tourists and visitors to the national park. Such as those in 2005 and 2011, that caused damage to a total surface of about 33000 hectares. As a consequence CONAF started to implement an updated reforestation strategy in 2012. The plan prepared by the committee was designed for a period of five years (2012–2016) proposing passive and active restoration measures based on the different ecosystems involved in the national park as it is necessary to reconstruct the original ecosystems and to conserve the biodiversity of the park. For this purpose, it was considered a study carried out by Pisano (1974) and the cartography that defined the park before a 1985 forest fire.The aim of the present study is to quantify and to analyse reforestation campaigns carried out since 2012 in the Torres del Paine National Park. Therefore, we processed Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 satellite imagery acquired between 2011 and 2017. Our methodology is based on the calculation and comparison of the Normalized Burn Ratio.Our approach indicates that almost 19000 hectares were affected by forest fires that took place in 2005 and 2012. Of the total area affected, 17761 hectares presented some degree of severity, of which 28% presented a high degree of severity. Up to 2017, a total of 13067 hectares have been recovered, representing a 70% of the total area affected by the forest fires.After 2012, annual soil recovery can be estimated by 11%, or 1100 hectares. Nevertheless, this does not mean that leafy and tall trees can be found in areas affected by forest fires. It just indicates that soil recuperation has taken part and that vegetation seems to grow. As CONAF principally planted Lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) a slow growing tree species, almost 15 years have to pass before notable effects can be perceived.
Spatial Seismic Hazard Variation and Adaptive Sampling of
Portfolio Location Uncertainty in Probabilistic Seismic Risk
Analysis
Authors: Scheingraber Christoph , Käser Martin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Probabilistic Seismic Risk Analysis is widely used in the insurance industry to model the likelihood and severity of losses to insured portfolios by earthquake events. Due to geocoding issues of address information, risk items are often only known to be located within an administrative geographical zone, but precise coordinates remain unknown to the modeler. In the first part of this paper, we analyze spatial seismic hazard and loss rate variation inside administrative geographical zones in western Indonesia. We find that the variation of hazard can vary strongly not only between different zones, but also between different return periods for a fixed zone. However, the spatial variation of loss rate displays a similar pattern as the variation of hazard, without depending on the return period. We build upon these results in the second part of this paper. In a recent work, we introduced a framework for stochastic treatment of portfolio location uncertainty. This results in the necessity to simulate ground motion on a high number of sampled geographical coordinates, which typically dominates the computational effort in Probabilistic Seismic Risk Analysis. We therefore propose a novel sampling scheme to improve the efficiency of stochastic portfolio location uncertainty treatment. Depending on risk item properties and measures of spatial loss rate variation, the scheme dynamically adapts the location sample size individually for insured risk items. We analyze the convergence and variance reduction of the scheme empirically. The results show that the scheme can improve the efficiency of the estimation of loss frequency curves.
Revisiting the vapor diffusion coefficient in dry snow
Authors: Hansen Andrew
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A substantial degree of uncertainty surrounds the value of the diffusion coefficient for water vapor diffusing through snow under the influence of a temperature gradient. A collection of theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies suggest the value of the normalized diffusion coefficient of snow with respect to water vapor diffusing through humid air ranges from near zero to as high as 7. The challenges in quantifying the diffusion coefficient are attributed to the fact that snow is a phase changing mixture of ice and humid air. Phase changes involving sublimation and condensation of water molecules significantly alter diffusion paths that water vapor molecules must travel through in the complex ice/humid air microstructure. I identify 4 major diffusion mechanisms caused by the introduction of an ice phase into humid air that should be accounted for in any calculation of the diffusion coefficient. Mathematical and experimentally motivated arguments enable one to estimate the physical significance of each of these diffusion mechanisms. Using this information, three separate models of increasing complexity are developed to provide estimates of the diffusion coefficient for snow. Finally, several prior studies are anchored to a formal definition of the diffusion coefficient and, if necessary, adjusted to account for the 4 diffusion mechanisms presented. The end result is a remarkable consistency in predicted values for vapor diffusion in snow, showing the normalized diffusion coefficient with respect to water vapor in air to be slightly enhanced at all densities, with typical values between 1 and 1.3. These values are consistent with the models developed herein.
Hydatid Disease in the Central Region of Iran: A 5-year Epidemiological and Clinical Overview
Authors: Farazi Aliasghar , Zarinfar Nader , Kayhani Farhad , Khazaie Firoozeh
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Hydatid cyst is caused by an infection by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Patients with cystic echinococcosis often remain asymptomatic until the hydatid cysts grow large enough to cause symptoms and signs. The cysts grow in the course of several years before reaching maturity and the rate of growth depends on the location of the cyst. Methods: This study was conducted in the Central region of Iran and involved all patients diagnosed with hydatid disease from 2012 to 2016 with the records identifed from 10 centers for disease control. Descriptive statistics including range and percentage were used in analyzing the patient characteristics. Results: Hydatid disease was confirmed in 84 cases. The mean age of patients was (23.1±5.1) years (range: 15-53 years) and 55.9% of cases were female. Single organ involvement was found in 86.9% of cases. 98.8% cases were successfully treated. The most common sites of infection were lung (42.9%), followed by liver (38.1%), and joint liver/lung (10.7%). The diagnosis was established by abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT, and serology in all patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology in 80 (95.2%) of cases. All of cases were treated with albendazole, and 80 (95.2%) of cases had surgical intervention. The prevalence of human hydatidosis in our study was 1.16 per 100,000 population. Conclusions: Hydatid disease is common in Iran and should be a focus of public health interventions. The organ sites affected in this study include lung and liver.
Identidades colectivas, prácticas artísticas y biodiversidad: los casos de Cerezales y Valldaura
Authors: Lozano Álvarez Lorena
Published: July 2019

La deslocalización de la economía y la ubicuidad de la producción son algunas de las consecuencias de la globalización y de las nuevas formas de comunicación, fenómenos que no son ajenos a la producción artística. De hecho, la proliferación de diversos proyectos culturales en las periferias rurales de la Península Ibérica constata que la ciudad y lo urbano ya no son los únicos ámbitos donde se desarrollan las manifestaciones artísticas más relevantes. Muchas de estas iniciativas nacen de la simbiosis entre colectivos artísticos, movimientos sociales y/o instituciones. Su creciente interés por la biodiversidad cultural y su manejo de los nuevos medios tecnológicos abre la posibilidad a experiencias locales que pueden ser territorializadas. ¿Qué percepciones de la biodiversidad y de los nuevos medios coexisten? ¿Cómo se vinculan al territorio los diferentes lenguajes implicados y cómo se componen los saberes vinculados a la biodiversidad? ¿Qué relaciones entre género, comunidad y tecnología se establecen? Para responder a estas cuestiones se llevó a cabo un análisis comparativo de la percepción del paisaje de dos comunidades envueltas en iniciativas de creación cultural y artística en las que conviven identidades campesina, artística y activista. Los resultados ponen de relieve la emergencia de identidades colectivas y reafirman la necesidad de vincular lo natural y lo biológico al aprendizaje empírico y a las prácticas culturales. La discusión puja entre lo orgánico y lo digital y propone los lenguajes y prácticas del arte contemporáneo como motores de nuevos sentidos de comunidad y de procesos de construcción colectiva del conocimiento.
The roles of social media in 21st century populisms: US Presidential campaigns
Authors: Hendrix George Julian
Published: July 2019

In the United States, “populist” is a controversial and often misunderstood signifier in common discourse. In addition, the current state of mass media and introduction of social networking tools has created a hyper-partisan spectacle of politics – especially during presidential campaign seasons. Through the review of literature on populism, traditional and social media, and presidential campaigning in the United States, this article constructs a new view on the relationship between these three topics in the 21st century. Important steps in this article’s process include defining populism and its place within campaigning and media; presenting social media as a political tool and a dynamic personalized informer; and analyzing the US presidential elections since 2008.  Resultantly, because the trends of online activity, on the part of both the citizen and the candidate, impact social media users’ self-informing and political engagement, the process of selecting a new US president has become more susceptible to various populist practices in this century than before.
Partidos emergentes de la ultraderecha: ¿fake news, fake outsiders? Vox y la web Caso Aislado en las elecciones andaluzas de 2018
Authors: Hernández Conde Macarena , Fernández García Manuel
Published: July 2019

El auge actual de nuevos partidos populistas de ultraderecha a nivel global, muchas veces auto posicionados como outsiders o anti-establishment, ha venido acompañado por una preocupación creciente acerca de las estrategias comunicativas que despliegan dichos movimientos, especialmente por su relación con portales de fake news.  A raíz de las últimas elecciones autonómicas en Andalucía, con la entrada por primera vez en un parlamento del partido Vox, vuelve a hablarse de la emergencia de una ultraderecha outsider que, ignorada por los medios de comunicación de masas, conquista a su electorado gracias al poder propagador de las redes sociales. ¿Qué función cumplen las webs de fake news en la estrategia de la ultraderecha?, ¿se encuentran estas formaciones fuera del espacio de los medios de comunicación de masas? Para responder a estas cuestiones el presente artículo analiza la estrategia comunicativa desplegada por unos de los portales afines a este tipo de partidos durante la campaña electoral andaluza de 2018, con el objetivo de comprobar su nivel de acceso a los medios aplicando los filtros del modelo de propaganda propuesto por Chomsky y Herman. Para ello se realiza un análisis del contenido compartido en redes sociales y un análisis de varias métricas básicas de tráfico a través de herramientas de analítica web. La hipótesis de partida es que la función principal de estos portales no es tanto ejercer como una herramienta para colocar sus temas en la agenda mediática sino reforzar la imagen de outsider de los partidos de ultraderecha.
A Comparative Analysis of Board Disclosures of Selected Pharmaceuticals Companies of Bangladesh and the UK
Authors: Rahman Rehenuma , Kabir Md. Anwarul
Published: July 2019

This research aims to compare the board disclosures in the annual reports of selected pharmaceutical companies in the UK and Bangladesh. The sample consists of 10 purposively selected pharmaceutical companies from both countries. A secondary qualitative research has been held on 10 board issues: board size, board composition, director’s qualification, board training, board independence, board meetings, independent directors, board committees, director’s remuneration and director’s report. The findings indicate that the Bangladesh Security Exchange Commission’s (BSEC) Corporate Governance Notification, 2012 has limited scope compared with the UK Corporate Governance Code, 2014. Selected UK companies are following the UK Corporate Governance Code, 2014 stringently and disclosing all necessary board disclosures in detail manner as per the requirement of the code, whereas none of the sampled Bangladeshi companies are publishing 100% mandatory board disclosures in detailed manner however they still attach a corporate governance compliance certificate in their annual report. The existing corporate governance notification should be improved which will accelerate the extent of mandatory disclosures. The multitude of voluntary disclosure is quite low in Bangladeshi companies compared with UK companies.
Comunicação eletrônica entre profissionais de saúde na assistência ao paciente: revisão integrativa
Authors: Moreira Ana Maria Rodrigues , Sousa Cristina Silva , Turrini Ruth Natalia Teresa
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Analisar a literatura científica a respeito da comunicação por meios eletrônicos entre profissionais de saúde. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados e/ou portais PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Cochrane, até agosto de 2018, com descritores combinados, que respondem à pergunta norteadora: “Como ocorre a comunicação eletrônica entre os profissionais de saúde na assistência ao paciente?. Resultados: Seis artigos foram incluídos, publicados de 2011 a 2016, no idioma Inglês. Os recursos foram smartphone, pager e tablet. Os aplicativos utilizados foram WhatsApp, Medigram e Serviço de Mensagens Curtas (SMS). Agilidade, facilidade de uso e auxílio na tomada de decisão foram as vantagens encontradas no uso desse recurso na comunicação dos profissionais; dentre as desvantagens estão ausência de privacidade e de confidencialidade das informações, interrupções na assistência e inabilidade no uso do recurso tecnológico. Conclusão: O uso de aplicativos para troca de mensagens e comunicação interdisciplinar de fato proporciona agilidade na comunicação, mas a confidencialidade desses dados ainda é uma questão a ser tratada. Assim, cabe ao enfermeiro conduzir a comunicação com os demais profissionais, preservando a privacidade do paciente.
The Degree of Educational Supervisors’ Commitment to Apply the Classroom-Visits Techniques
Authors: Waswas Dima , Jwaifell Mustafa
Published: July 2019

The study aimed to investigate the degree of educational supervisors’ commitment to apply the classroom-visits techniques (before, during, after the visit, and the total). The study population consisted of (652) teachers of the elementary stage in Petra; (169) males and (483) females, in addition to their educational supervisors, which consisted of (16) educational supervisors. About (35%) of the total teachers were randomly selected while keeping on all the educational supervisors. To achieve the study objectives, the analytical and descriptive methodologies were used, the researchers used a questionnaire as a tool for the study which consisted of three domains of the classroom-visit techniques: before, during and after the visit.The study results showed that the teachers and educational supervisors believe that the degree of educational supervisors’ commitment to apply classroom-visit techniques is high. The results also showed that there are significant differences at the level of (a≤0.05) between the means of teachers’ views and the educational supervisors’ views to the degree of educational supervisors’ commitment to apply the classroom-visit techniques in favor of the educational supervisors. They see that they apply the classroom-visit techniques with a higher degree than that of the teachers’ views. The results also indicated no statistical significance according to the variables of gender and years of experience.
Experiences of Family Members of Persons With Mental Illness: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Sibiya Maureen Nokuthula , Naidoo Vasanthrie , Mjajubana Avela
Published: July 2019

The shortage of skilled and experienced health workers, lack of facilities, limited psychiatric care and inaccessible mental health care services in the uMsunduzi Municipality in Northern KwaZulu-Natal are causes of concern. With limited access to health services and resources, family members have no choice, but to take care of mentally ill relatives. These underlying problems have warranted the need to explore the experiences of family members living with mentally ill relatives. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design was used to collect data by in-depth one-on-one interviews and findings were analyzed using Tesch’s method of data analysis. This study showed that the uMsunduzi Municipality needed assistance with resources to support family members living with their mentally ill relatives and family members’ lack of knowledge and experience emerged as a major factor that influenced the care, treatment and rehabilitation of their mentally ill relatives. Compounded by inadequate mental health facilities and infrastructure as well as  the implications of the non-implementation of the acts, policies, processes and procedures in the uMsunduzi Municipality; this study recommends the need to enhance community education of all health professionals, providing relevant training in mental illness management. A shared decision-making process is vital, so that a collaborative partnership between family members and health professionals across KZN is established. This will in turn enhance the lived experiences of family members and mentally ill patients.
The Physiology and Biochemistry of the Digestion System of Termites from the Genus Anacanthotermes Jacobson, 1904
Authors: Abdullaev Ikram I. , Doschanova Manzura B. , Matyakubov Zafar Sh. , Iskandarov Abdulla I. , Rakhimbaeva Feruza R.
Published: July 2019

A variety of morphological and functional features of the digestive system of termites is associated with their nutritional adaptation. Wood is mostly the food of termites’ adult larvae, workers and young nymphs. The salivary and intestinal enzymes play an important part in this process. The physiology and biochemistry of the digestion system of termites from the genus Anacanthotermes is still not fully studied. In the present research, we studied the activity of some carbohydrases in termites’ salivary glands. Our data show that the activity of exocellulase in adult termites is 1.5 times more that in young individuals and 3 times more active than in nymphs, while the exocellulase in soldiers remains inactive. Moreover, the activity of celluloses in the intestine of A. turkestanicus is still not fully studied. We observed that exocellulase is involved in the digestion of food polymers in the castes of termites-workers, nymphs and soldiers. Thus, cellulase activity in the intestinal tissue (intrinsic) is manifested at a very low level in all termites’ castes we studied. However, the activity of exocellulase in the intestinal cavity (symbiotic) increases 3.5 times in workers, 3.0 times in nymphs and 2.4 times in soldiers compared to that in intestinal tissue. In addition, the intrinsic activity of this enzyme differed little in all three castes of termites, whereas the symbiotic activity in workers and nymphs was more showed than in soldiers.
Fashion and New Luxury Digital Disruption: The New Challenges of Fashion between Omnichannel and Traditional Retailing
Authors: Aiolfi Simone , Sabbadin Edoardo
Published: July 2019

The digital transformation has changed the rules of the game even in the world of fashion, luxury and fast-fashion retail. The fashion system today faces the challenge of renewing business models to intercept changes in purchasing and consumption behavior. Competition is played in the ability to create multi and omnichannel business models. The present work, after a careful analysis of the literature and the changes that have taken place in the fashion world, aims to study some innovative business models in the fashion system and in particular to investigate the perspectives of the physical store threatened by the digital transformation. The research offers points for reflection on the future of omnichannel fashion retailing. Will technology be able to create value for new consumers in the future? Moreover, from the retailers’ perspective, case analysis will clarify which technologies are characterizing fashion sales points with the best performances in Retail 4.0. Finally, a section will be dedicated to the presentation of a theoretical framework on the adoption of omnichannel fashion retailing figured out through a review of the literature and managerial implications.
FDI Asymmetries in Emerging Economies: The Case of Colombia
Authors: Mora Jose U. , Junior Celso J. Costa
Published: July 2019

We build a DSGE model to study the asymmetries of FDI shocks in an economy like Colombia. Besides nominal wage and price rigidities, we use the fact that Colombia has two productive and differentiated regions, Bogota that produces more than 25% of Colombia GDP (DANE, 2016) and the rest of the country, Ricardian and non-Ricardian agents, habit formation, capital adjustment costs, and modeled an entire foreign sector. Empirical results show that even when in the long run results are not very different in terms of real output, the short run effects are asymmetric implying that a shock to FDI in the rest of the country might cause important microeconomic adjustments that could improve the distribution of income throughout the country.
Het Geocopter-arrest: explicitering van de regel in een uitzonderlijke casus
Authors: van Bekkum J.
Published: July 2019

Het Geocopter-arrest: explicitering van de regel in een uitzonderlijke casus

In het Geocopter-arrest expliciteert de Hoge Raad dat voor kennelijk onbehoorlijk bestuur ex artikel 2:248 BW is vereist dat sprake is van geobjectiveerde wetenschap van benadeling van schuldeisers. Dit zal grote invloed hebben op het processueel debat in artikel 2:248 BW-zaken, maar de uitkomst van dergelijke zaken weinig beïnvloeden.
Het wetsvoorstel ongewenste zeggenschap telecommunicatie
Authors: Breukink E.
Published: July 2019

Het wetsvoorstel ongewenste zeggenschap telecommunicatie

Deze bijdrage gaat over het onlangs verschenen wetsvoorstel Wet ongewenste zeggenschap telecommunicatie. De auteur vergelijkt het wetsvoorstel met de consultatieversie. Hij betrekt daarbij het kritische advies van de Raad van State.
Mito y resistencia en la obra de Gamaliel Churata
Authors: Mancosu Paola
Published: July 2019

El presente texto indaga cómo, en la obra del escritor peruano Gamaliel Churata (1897-1969), el mito se vuelve una forma de resistencia activa frente a las vejaciones y expoliaciones originadas en periodo colonial y todavía vigentes, bajo diferentes formas, en su contemporaneidad. En particular, se analizará la recodificación realizada por el autor de dos figuras simbólicas, el kharisiriy el Wawaku, reelaboración mítico-literaria del despotismo, de la “alteridad” en sus aspectos cambiantes. Figuras puestas en relación por Churata, en El pez de oro(1957), que se convierten en metáforas políticas frente a la injerencia de los procesos de colonización.
Mitos cubanos en el taller narrativo de Alba de Céspedes
Authors: González Iledys
Published: July 2019

La novelista italiana Alba de Céspedes (Roma, 1911-París, 1997), cuya ascendencia cubana la unía a momentos significativos de la historia de Cuba, había estado vinculada al país caribeño, intelectual y políticamente, durante gran parte del siglo xx. Una de las obsesiones literarias a la que no pudo dar término fue un libro autobiográfico contextualizado en el devenir histórico cubano, Con grande amore. Dicho proyecto textual ha quedado conservado en la vastedad del archivo de la autora donde puede apreciarse además la profunda investigación que estableció entre variadas fuentes históricas, literarias y culturales antes de escribir su obra. En los manuscritos conservados de la novela inconclusa se vislumbran dos dimensiones de la narración: histórica/autobiográfica (realista) y mitológica (o de matriz mágico-religioso). Interesa en esta ocasión abarcar la aproximación de la escritora a los mitos cubanos con el fin de componer su propia novela.
Mito y literatura. Los “Mexiquitos” y Pedro Ascencio en la Tierra Caliente de Guerrero
Authors: Villela Flores Samuel
Published: July 2019

En Guerrero (México), existe un cuerpo mítico sobre la creación de poblaciones nahuas que precedieron orgánicamente a la creación de Tenochtitlan.En la Tierra Caliente, hay algunas versiones de los Mexiquitos,  mitos sobre la creación de esos lugares. El cerro del Tequesquite habría sido el escenario referido en el relato fundacional de una ciudad encantada.En El empautado—obra de Celedonio Serrano Martínez— se recrean los mitemas de esa narrativa en un texto costumbrista donde tradiciones y leyendas campiranas enmarcan la referencia al hecho fundacional.Otra expresión mítica relacionada deriva de un relato colonial en torno a Pedro Ascencio de Alquisiras, combatiente insurgente, que habría tenido su guarida en el cerro aludido.Dicho personaje es retomado en la obra de escritores locales: Paul de Anáhuac, Los tesoros de Pedro Ascencio, y Erasto Antúnez, Cuentos del Balsas.
De apropiaciones, recreaciones y cruces: mitos prehispánicos y mitología clásica occidental en la poesía de Centroamérica
Authors: Barrientos Dante
Published: July 2019

En la región centroamericana, los fenómenos de transculturación han sido históricamente muy frecuentes. En este trabajo nos proponemos, en un primer momento, trazar algunas líneas de un panorama general de los cruces mitológicos en América Central y, en un segundo momento, detenernos en algunos casos singulares y representativos a partir de un corpus de textos pertenecientes a Luz Méndez de la Vega (Guatemala, 1919-2012), «Penélope», Tríptico (1980); Roberto Obregón (Guatemala, 1940-1970), «Gucumatz encadenado» (1961), Recuento de poesía(1995); y Amanda Castro (Honduras, 1962-2010), «La Creación», Onironautas(2001).
Mito y literatura: a propósito de la literatura indigenista
Authors: Fernández Teodosio
Published: July 2019

Se analizan algunos de los planteamientos que determinaron la presencia de mitos y leyendas en muestras relevantes de la narrativa indigenista, desde Raza de bronce, de Alcides Arguedas, a Oficio de tinieblas, de Rosario Castellanos. Se procura tener en cuenta la relación de las novelas revisadas con las aportaciones de la antropología y de la etnología que pudieron enriquecer su escritura.
Omezená právní osobnost pobočného spolku a její důsledky
Authors: Brim Luboš
Published: July 2019

Občanský zákoník umožňuje zakládání pobočných spolků, jež jsou právnickými osobami, avšak jejichž právní subjektivita je odvozena od subjektivity hlavního spolku a může být stanovami hlavního spolku omezena. Následující článek rozebírá předpoklady a důsledky takového omezení pro hmotněprávní a procesní jednání pobočného spolku, jakož i problematiku aplikovatelnosti pravidel o omezené právní osobnosti pobočných spolků na odborové organizace založené jinými odborovými organizacemi, jejichž status byl modifikován (a znejasněn) zákonem č. 460/2016 Sb.
Posílení role nezletilého v řízeních péče soudu o nezletilé
Authors: Čamdžićová Sabina
Published: July 2019

Tento článek se věnuje možnostem plnohodnotného zapojení dítěte do řízení, které se ho dotýká, tj. zejména řízení ve věcech péče soudu o nezletilé, ve kterých se rozhoduje o úpravě poměrů tohoto dítěte. V takových řízeních je nejen třeba umožnit dítěti uplatnit svá garantovaná participační práva, ale současně je potřeba, aby řízení představovalo rychlý, efektivní proces, který bude chránit jednak práva dítěte, ale také rodinný život jako takový, protože je třeba, aby stát prostřednictvím nezávislých soudů chránil práva dítěte v aktuální chvíli, ale také především do budoucna tak, aby rodinná situace kolem dítěte byla stabilizována. Jednou z možných cest jak vést takové řízení, je aplikovat principy interdisciplinární spolupráce a také zajistit účinné zastoupení nezletilého, které mu lépe umožní využít svá participační práva.
Cultura, educação e filosofia na perspectiva Nietzschiana
Authors: Marques Alexsandro Da Silva
Published: July 2019

O presente texto se propõe apresentar algumas reflexões acerca dos escritos nietzschianos “Sobre o futuro de nossos estabelecimentos de ensino” (1871) e “Schopenhauer Educador” (1874). As reflexões sobre educação e cultura partem das experiências do filósofo quando ensinava na universidade de Basiléia/Suíça. Segundo este filósofo, para existir cultura é preciso um projeto educativo, pois não haverá educação sem uma cultura que lhe sirva de apoio. Há uma exacerbada valorização de um tipo de saber, busca-se o acumulado em excesso e sem relação com os contextos culturais e sociais dos indivíduos. Nas críticas nietzschianas percebemos uma luta por uma concepção de educação pautada nas experiências vivas de cada indivíduo, pois a vida é percebida como propulsora de diferentes formas de pensar e conhecer. Assim, podemos extrair em Nietzsche ferramentas contraria a uma cultura de massa destinada a padronização, alienação e competitividade e o ensino de filosofia como uma aliada na denúncia e crítica de nossa sociedade e de seu povo. Palavras chaves: Educação; Cultura; Filosofia.
A fotografia como observação no estágio supervisionado em filosofia
Authors: Salvia André Luis La , Ortiz Lilian Alvez , Gennari Cibele De Cássia Nogueira , Nomura Marcio Tokuiti , Matos Alexandre Henrique Luppe de , Ruiz Gabriel Valim Alcoba , Caovila Janice
Published: July 2019

Dentro da perspectiva do estágio docente enquanto campo de pesquisa, o presente artigo pretende refletir sobre as condições em que se deram a proposta, a pesquisa e a realização de um estágio de observação na licenciatura em filosofia. A partir de uma discussão sobre as imagens clichês do ambiente escolar, optou-se por problematizar a observação estimulando a produção de fotografias que escapassem do senso comum e captassem as singularidades da escola observada.
Nietzsche professor: por um Ensino de Filosofia potencializador
Authors: Gomes Acosta Lucas Giovan
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem por finalidade estabelecer uma aproximação entre o pensamento filosófico de Nietzsche e a educação, abordando, mais especificamente, o ensino de filosofia. O estudo visa configurar o pensamento de Nietzsche no campo educacional de maneira a demonstrar pontos de interlocução com algumas questões contemporâneas de educação. Nessa perspectiva, buscar-se-á recuperar alguns conceitos fundamentais para compreensão da configuração do conceito Vontade de Potência no pensamento de Nietzsche, a fim de se problematizar a possibilidade de um ensino de filosofia potencializador, ou melhor, um ensino de filosofia que propulsione a potencialização do educando. O procedimento adotado consiste em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, que tem como fio condutor o conceito de Vontade Potência como força pusional, inerente ao homem; de afirmação da multiplicidade da vida, de criação.Palavras-chaves: Ensino de Filosofia; Vontade de Potência; Força pulsional; Vida; Criação.
Understanding PM2.5 concentration and removal efficiency variation in urban forest park — Observation at human breathing height
Authors: Yan Guoxin , Yu Zibo , Wu Yanan , Liu Jiakai , Wang Yu , Zhai Jiexiu , Cong Ling , Zhang Zhenming
Published: July 2019

To increase our knowledge of PM2.5 concentrations near the surface in a forest park in Beijing, an observational study measured the concentration and composition of PM2.5 in Beijing Olympic Forest Park from 2015 to 2016. This study analyzed the meteorological factors and removal efficiency at 1.5 m above the ground (human breathing height) over the course of the day in the forest. The results showed that the average concentrations of PM2.5 near the surface peaked at 07:00–09:30 and reached their lowest at 12:00–15:00. In addition, the results showed that the annual concentration of PM2.5 in the forest was highest during winter, followed by spring and fall, and was lowest during summer. The main chemical components of PM2.5 near the surface in the forest were SO42− and NO3−, which accounted for 68.72% of all water-soluble ions that we observed. The concentration of PM2.5 in the forest had a significant positive correlation with relative humidity and a significant negative correlation with temperature. The removal efficiency near the surface showed no significant variation through the day or year. In the forest, the highest removal efficiency occurred between 07:00 and 09:30 in summer, while the lowest occurred between 09:30 and 12:00 in winter.
Antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of leaves of Azadirachta indica in vivo
Authors: Mali Akash S , Thorat Mahesh B , Ghadge Dhairysheel M , Nikam Kumodini A , Sawant Shraddha D , Shaikh Farida , Vhatkar Nayana M , Shinde Swapnja , Dhongade Kavyshree D , Tamboli Munaf A
Published: July 2019

Background: Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a communal plant of Meliaceae family called Neem Or Kadunimb in Maharashtra, India Neem stated anti-inflammatory through regulation of proinflammatory enzyme activities with COX and LOX enzyme. Previous studies show that Azadirachta Indica (neem) and its chief constituents play essential role in anticancer management via the modulation of different molecular pathways including NF- κ B, p53, PI3K/Akt, Bcl-2, pTEN and VEGF. Many parts of the plant are traditionally used in the treatment of various pharmacological action, the analgesic activity of Neem Seed Oil has already reported but Neem Leaves. Methods: The antinociceptive activity of Azadirachta Indica Leaves (AZIL) was examined using heat-induced-mechanical (hot-plate and tail-immersion test) and chemical-induced (acetic acid, formalin, glutamic acid, cinnamaldehyde) nociception models in mice at 50,100, and 200 mg/kg doses. ATP-sensitive K+ channel pathway, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway and involvement of opioid system was also tested using glibenclamide, methylene blue and naloxone/morphine respectively. The methanolic extract of leaves of A.Indica was assessed by using different in vitro antioxidant models of screening like scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radical. Results: AZIL showed antinociceptive activity and antioxidant activity. In both hot plate and tail immersion tests AZIL significantly increases the latency to the thermal stimuli. In acetic acid-induced writhing test the extract repressed the number of abdominal writhing. Similarly, AZIL produced substantial dose-dependent inhibition of paw licking in both neurogenic and inflammatory pain induced by intraplanar injection of formalin. As well, AZIL also expressively withdrawn cinnamaldehyde-induced pain and the glutamate-induced pain in mice. It was also proved that pretreatment with naloxone significantly reversed the antinociception produced by AZIL in mechanical tests signifying the involvement of opioid system in its effect. Furthermore, administration of methylene blue, enhanced AZIL induced antinociception while glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel antagonist, could not converse antinociceptive activity induced by AZIL. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study it can be said that AZIL keeps significant antinociceptive activity which acts in both central and peripheral mechanisms.
Ground data confirm warming and drying are at a critical level for forest survival in western equatorial Africa
Authors: Bush Emma R , Jeffery Kathryn , Bunnefeld Nils , Tutin Caroline , Musgrave Ruth , Moussavou Ghislain , Mihindou Vianet , Malhi Yadvinder , Lehmann David , Edzang Ndong Josué , Makaga Loïc , Abernethy Katharine A
Published: July 2019

Background.The humid tropical forests of Central Africa influence weather worldwide and play a major role in the global carbon cycle. However they are also an ecological anomaly, with evergreen forests dominating the western equatorial region despite less than 2000mm total annual rainfall. Meteorological data for Central Africa are notoriously sparse and incomplete and there are substantial issues with satellite-derived data because of inability to ground-truth estimates and persistent cloudiness. Long-term climate observations are urgently needed to verify regional climate and vegetation models, shed light on the mechanisms that drive climatic variability and assess the viability of evergreen forests in equatorial Africa under future climate scenarios.

Methods. We have the rare opportunity to analyse a 34-year dataset of rainfall and temperature (and shorter periods of absolute humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and aerosol optical depth) from Lopé National Park, a long-term ecological research site in western equatorial Africa. We used linear mixed models and spectral analyses to assess seasonal and inter-annual variation, long-term trends and oceanic influences on local weather patterns.

Results. Lopé’s weather is characterised by a light-deficient, cool, long dry season. Long-term climatic means have changed significantly over the last three decades, with warming occurring at a rate of 0.23°C per decade (minimum daily temperature) and drying at a rate of 50mm per decade (total annual rainfall). Inter-annual variability is highly influenced by sea surface temperatures of the major oceans. In El Niño years Lopé experiences both higher temperatures and less rainfall with increased contrast between wet and dry seasons. Lopé rainfall observations lend support for the role of the Atlantic cold tongue in “dry” models of climate change in the region.

Conclusions. Dry season cloud in western equatorial Africa plays a key role in reducing evaporative demand during seasonal drought and maintaining evergreen tropical forests despite relatively low annual rainfall. In the context of a rapidly warming and drying climate, urgent research is needed into the sensitivity of clouds to ocean temperatures and the viability of humid forests in this dry region should the clouds disappear.
Weber’s Protestant Ethic Thesis in Five Steps
Authors: Chriss James J.
Published: July 2019

As a result of many years of reading about and teaching Max Weber’s famous Protestant Ethic thesis, I have developed an approach to covering this material in both my undergraduate and graduate theory courses which has been beneficial to students and has helped them make sense of the rather complex argument developed by Weber. I provide a working model of all such scholarly inquires geared off the Science Triad, culminating in a five-step approach to organizing and explaining the Weber thesis. In addition, I provide an annotated bibliography of selected scholarly ruminations on Weber’s work in general and the Protestant Ethic thesis in particular.
Quine on the Dogmas of Empiricism
Authors: Marsonet Michele
Published: July 2019

In his works the American philosopher Willard van Quine constantly rejects the analytic/synthetic distinction claiming that it is not justified. This happens because, in his opinion, human statements about the external world face the tribunal of experience not individually but as a corporate body, which implies that the judgment on their validity ultimately rests on experience itself. Many problems arise at this point, since even language plays a fundamental role in the Quinean view, and it must be accommodated into the picture if the picture itself means to be coherent. Conceptual scheme and external world are both necessary, but language does not seem to be a factor whose ultimate legitimacy relies on something outside the conceptual sphere, and this means in turn that we face a dualistic situation. Conceptual schemes or world-views, like the ones provided by Newtonian mechanics or quantum theory, are the primary bearers of truth, and the truth of a statement strictly depends from the particular conceptual scheme one currently adopts.
Poetry & Not - Notes on the Political and Social Significance of Poetry Inside Modern Cities
Authors: Crimi Davide C.
Published: July 2019

This short essay will treat metric and free verse, with the awareness of the anachronistic quality of these topics. Notwithstanding, this is the purpose of this short essay which dares to start from the astral consideration of the meaning of poetry. Through this way, coming back to its inner metric and structure, poetry may compose the partiture of an urban renovation movement, creating conditions for a modern interpretation of urban spaces as common goods, where the ineffable power of the poetical word can introduce a new perception of life into the cities.
Defective AMH signaling disrupts GnRH neuron development and function and contributes to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Malone Samuel Andrew , Papadakis Georgios E , Messina Andrea , Mimouni Nour El Houda , Trova Sara , Imbernon Monica , Allet Cecile , Cimino Irene , Acierno James , Cassatella Daniele , Xu Cheng , Quinton Richard , Szinnai Gabor , Pigny Pascal , Alonso-Cotchico Lur , Masgrau Laura , Maréchal Jean-Didier , Prevot Vincent , Pitteloud Nelly , Giacobini Paolo
Published: July 2019

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a condition characterized by absent puberty and infertility due to gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency, which is often associated with anosmia (Kallmann syndrome, KS). We identified loss-of-function heterozygous mutations in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor, AMHR2, in 3% of CHH probands using whole-exome sequencing. We showed that during embryonic development, AMH is expressed in migratory GnRH neurons in both mouse and human fetuses and unconvered a novel function of AMH as a pro-motility factor for GnRH neurons. Pathohistological analysis of Amhr2-deficient mice showed abnormal development of the peripheral olfactory system and defective embryonic migration of the neuroendocrine GnRH cells to the basal forebrain, which results in reduced fertility in adults. Our findings highlight a novel role for AMH in the development and function of GnRH neurons and indicate that AMH signaling insufficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of CHH in humans.
The mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel is required for bone formation
Authors: Sun Weijia , Chi Shaopeng , Li Yuheng , Ling Shukuan , Tan Yingjun , Xu Youjia , Jiang Fan , Li Jianwei , Liu Caizhi , Zhong Guohui , Cao Dengchao , Jin Xiaoyan , Zhao Dingsheng , Gao Xingcheng , Liu Zizhong , Xiao Bailong , Li Yingxian
Published: July 2019

Mechanical load of the skeleton system is essential for the development, growth, and maintenance of bone. However, the molecular mechanism by which mechanical stimuli are converted into osteogenesis and bone formation remains unclear. Here we report that Piezo1, a bona fide mechanotransducer that is critical for various biological processes, plays a critical role in bone formation. Knockout of Piezo1 in osteoblast lineage cells disrupts the osteogenesis of osteoblasts and severely impairs bone structure and strength. Bone loss that is induced by mechanical unloading is blunted in knockout mice. Intriguingly, simulated microgravity treatment reduced the function of osteoblasts by suppressing the expression of Piezo1. Furthermore, osteoporosis patients show reduced expression of Piezo1, which is closely correlated with osteoblast dysfunction. These data collectively suggest that Piezo1 functions as a key mechanotransducer for conferring mechanosensitivity to osteoblasts and determining mechanical-load-dependent bone formation, and represents a novel therapeutic target for treating osteoporosis or mechanical unloading-induced severe bone loss.