bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Composition operator induced by a polynomial of degree n
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we characterize normal composition operators induced by holomorphic self-map , when and .Moreover, we study other related classes of operators, and then we generalize these results to polynomials of degree n.
Effect of environmental conditionsions on some biological aspects of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen ( Diptera : Drosophilidae ) collected from Saidiya and Tuwaitha regions in Baghdad
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The wild populations of the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen from two regions in Baghdad , Saidiya and Tuwaitha were selected for this study to investigating the frequency of the dominant lethality , this parameter was investigated through fecundity and egg hatchability rate which considered as main indicator for the presence of mutation .
The results showed that fecundity rate in Saidiya increased with time , so the lowest rate was 65.5 eggs per female in November and the highest was 87.4 eggs in May , the same results was observed for Tuwaitha except a significantly decrease in fecundity rate that was observed in May which was 42.7 eggs , as well as another significant differences between the two regions was observed in March when the rate was in Saidiya more than Tuwaitha . The hatchability rate increased gradually in Saidiya until March which equal 69.3% , then decreased significantly in May and reached 48.6% , meanwhile , in Tuwaitha the highest hatchability rate was 67.6% in November, then it was decreased until March , while in May it decreased significantly to 24.5% . So , the hatchability rate decreased significantly in Tuwaitha if compared with that of Saidiya in March and May , before that , the opposite was in November and there isn’t any significant differences between the two regions in January .
Effect of Mulching, Manures and chemical fertilizers on anatomical characters of (Solanum tuberosum L.) potato plants
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Anatomy studies were carried out in the experimental field, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to have better understanding of the influence of mulching with black polyethylene sheets, organic manure and chemical fertilizer on the anatomy changes in potato shoot and leaves tissues. Results showed that leaves area, leaves area index and chlorophyll percentage were significantly increased by using mulching and chemical fertilizer by (7463.70 cm2, 3.97, 45.33 SPAD units) respectively. Also this treatment significantly increased total stomata number and in both lower and upper sides of the leaf by (957,721,176) stomata /mm2 respectively. But by using mulching treatment with organic manure significantly increased vessels and sieve tubes diameter by (12.5, 2.75) micron for respectively. However the control treatment significantly increased leaves thickness spongy mesophyll by (45) micron, while the palisade parenchyma thickness was significantly increased to 26.25 micron in mulching and chemical fertilizers treatment.
In conclusion, the interaction between mulching with black polyethylene sheets and fertilizing with organic and chemical manure , caused same anatomy characteristic changes which increased the potatoes plant yield and the ability to drought tolerance.
In Vivo Toxicity Study of Nerium oleander's Leaves and Flowers Aqueous Extracts in Mice (Cytogenetic, Biochemical and Hematological Study)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The present research was carried out to assess the toxic effect of oral administration of the aqueous extract of Nerium oleander leaves and flowers daily at doses of (25) mg/kg body weight for four weeks in mice. The toxicity of this plant parts was determined after two and four weeks by measuring the parameters of cytogenetic (mitotic index, micronucleus %), and serum levels of the hematological (RBC, Hb, WBC) and biochemical (GOT, GPT, ALT, AST) indexes in comparison with that of the control (normal saline), also clinical signs were determined. The results showed a significant decrease in mitotic index while an obvious raise was seen in micronucleus percentage in comparison with that of the control after the two periods of administration. More over significant marked changes was seen in the level of all the hematological and biochemical parameters when compared with the control. In addition to that, diarrhea with some organ lesions were also observed.
The Calculation of the partical distribution function g(r12,r1) for Carbon Ion cases (C+2,C+3,C+4) in the position space
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The aim of this work is study the partical distribution function g(r12,r1) for Carbon ion cases (C+2,C+3,C+4) in the position space using Hartree-Fock's Wave function, and the partitioning technique for each shell which is represented by Carbon Ions [C+2 (1s22s2)], [C+3 (1s22s)] and [C+4 (1s2)]. A comparision has been made among the three Carbon ions for each shell. A computer programs (MATHCAD ver. 2001i) has been used texcute the results.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Fig (Ficus carica) Fruit on Some Hematological Parameters in Female Rabbits
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The effect of the aqueous extract of fig (Ficus carica) fruit was studied by using different concentrations of this fruit (15, 20 and 25 mg/kg of body weight) on some hematological parameters (hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, white blood cell count and platelets count) in female rabbits.
Twenty female rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (five animals in each group). Three groups were dosed with the concentrations mentioned above, while the last was administered with distilled water and considered as control group. These animals were orally dosed by aqueous extract using a micropipette.
The results showed that there was a significant (P
Study the effective of annealing on the structural and sensitivity properties for SnO2 thin films to CO2 Gas
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this research thin films from SnO2 semiconductor have been prepared by using chemical pyrolysis spray method from solution SnCl2.2H2O at 0.125M concentration on glass at substrate temperature (723K ).Annealing was preformed for prepared thin film at (823K) temperature. The structural and sensing properties of SnO2 thin films for CO2 gas was studied before and after annealing ,as well as we studied the effect temperature annealing on grain size for prepared thin films .
The optical properties of Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymers doped by Potassium Iodide with different thickness
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Films of pure Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) doped by potassium iodide (KI) salt with percentages (1%) at different thickness prepared by casting method at room temperature. In order to study the effect of increasing thickness on optical properties, transmission and absorption spectra have been record for five different thicknesses(80,140,210,250,320)µm. The study has been extended to include the changes in the band gap energies, refractive index, extinction coefficient and absorption coefficient with thickness.
Annealing Effect on Some Optical Properties of Cr2O3 Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Cr2O3 thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis on a glass substrate.
Absorbance and transmittance spectra were recorded in the wavelength range (300-900) nm before and after annealing.
The effects of annealing temperature on absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and optical conductivity were expected. It was found that all these parameters increase as the annealing temperature increased to 550°C.
Determination of bacterial contamination of milk using fluorometry
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is to determine the feasibility of using fluorometric methods as an indicator for quality and contamination of milk with E.coli bacteria, and selection the suitable wavelength to be used with laser induced auto fluorescence. Three groups of milk samples were used in this study: Fresh pasteurized milk samples, milk samples containing different concentration of E.coli bacteria which were added artificially, and milk samples that were kept in refrigerator for 3-5 days. Thirteen excitation wavelengths were used to get the emission spectra for all milk samples using spectroflourometer .The results showed that the emission spectra at 275nm excitation wavelength gave a good differentiation between these three groups. The data analysis demonstrated that the proposed method can bring progress in identification of milk quality and contamination with rapidness, high sensitivity and low cost diagnostic tool. Laser light at this wavelength that transmitted by optical fiber can be used for milk samples examination in situe and for more precise results.
Pulse Profile Rule in Laser Heating of Opaque Targets in Air
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A theoretical model is developed to determine time evolution of temperature at the surface of an opaque target placed in air for cases characterized by the formation of laser supported absorption waves (LSAW) plasmas. The model takes into account the power temporal variation throughout an incident laser pulse, (i.e. pulse shape, or simply: pulse profile).Three proposed profiles are employed and results are compared with the square pulse approximation of a constant power.
Preparation and Spectral Study of New Complexes of Some Metal Ions with 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-Pyrazol-1-yl Phenyl Methanone
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Many complexes of 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl phenyl methanone with Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV/visible spectra, elemental analysis, room temperature magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity. Cd(II) complex was expected to have tetrahedral structure while all the other complexes were expected to have an octahedral structure.
Development of Embryo Gas Bladder in mosquito fish Gambusia affinis
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

2 - 5,5 cm mosquito fishes (Gambusia affinis) were collected from brooks of Baghdad university .
This study aimed to identify the histological structure and embryonic development of the gas bladder .
The results revealed that the gas bladder of the adult fish consists of single chamber, paraphysoclistous , and its wall consist of three layers.
The primordium of the gas bladder appears in 2,5 mm fish embryo as an evagination from the right side of endoderm of foreguts wall. This primordium consists of two thecae, inner, is simple columnar epithelium and outer originates from undifferentiated mesoderm. Simultaneously with the appearance of gas gland in the ventral side of the sac in 4 mm embryo, morphological and histological changes have taken place for it. However the pneumatic duct protrude Change occurs in the site of pneumatic duct in 5mm embryo from the right side into dorsal right side of the forgut wall.
In 7mm embryo , the wall of the gas bladder distinguish in to three layers and the endothelium of it consists of changeful epithelium (in 8
Clinico – Hemato and Biochemical Study of Anemia in Cachectic Cattle in Baghdad
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The study was carried out in order to evaluate clinically and laboratory cachectic animals suffering from anemia. Animal examined were 50 cow and calf. The study include clinical, hemato and biochemical test for accurate diagnosis of cachexia in cows and calves . Blood smears were conducted for detection of blood parasites , fecal examination for gastrointestinal parasites and Different parameters were applied for classification of cachexia , depending on bony projection specially ribs and pelvic and generalized muscular atrophy. However , The study revealed an incidence of cachexia and anemia of blood parasites was including Theileria, Anaplasma, gastrointestinal parasites, ten cases were shown foreign body syndrome while other tens were diagnosed as other clinical cases. A significant decrease ( P < 0.05) of RBCS, Hb, PCV and WBC count in debility animals were observed . However , a significant lymphocytosis were seen in blood parasites infection and other clinical cases , Neutrophilia in foreign body syndrome and other clinical cases , Esenophilia in gastrointestinal parasites infestation ,Monocytosis in all clinical cases were detected . Different parameters were applied for classification of anemia mainly morphological classification including macrocytic hypochromic anemia mainly recorded in blood parasites infection and other clinical cases while Normocytic hypochromic anemia appeared in gastrointestinal parasites infestation, and foreign body Syndrome.Fecal examination of cachectic animal indicate the identification of (7) species of gastrointestinal parasites including: Cooperia onchophora, Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum phlebtomum, Ostertagia spp., Oesophagostomum radiatum, Trichostrongylus axei and Strongyloides papillosus. However , a mixed infestation parasite was dominant and recorded in Animal.Biochemical changes revealed a. Hypoprotenemia appears in all cachectic animal except in foreign body syndrome cases .
Mechanical properties of carrot fiber - epoxy composite
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Interest has largely centered on the use of plant fibers to reinforce plastics, because these fibers are abundant and cheap. Carrot fibers (Curran) have been extracted from carrot, left over from carrot juice manufacture. The fibers of two sizes fine (50
EFFECT OF REPLACING COW MILK WITH WHEY
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The objective of study is to investigate the effect of using of Whey – Extracted Soyamilk indifferent Proportions instead of Cow s milk on Standing Height of Muffin of 5.5 cm. was reached in the treatment C ( 50% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk ) as compared with a Control treatment A (0% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) at which the Muffin height reached 4.8 cm. About the sensory evaluation , The results showed for the Flavour property , to a significant difference was found between the treatment A (0% whey – Extracted Soyamilk ) which got 6.2 degree as compared with the two treatments namely , D(75% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) and E(100% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) Which got 5.7 and 5.3 degree , respectively. For General Acceptance property , both treatments , B(25% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) and C(50% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) got 6.2 and 6.3 degree, respectively, as compared with treatment A(0% Whey – Extracted Soyamilk) which got 6.1 degree. Finally , from the above results it can be deduced that treatments C and B were the best selective treatments from the stand points of nutrition value and quality properties of Muffin.
Benzoic acid concentration levels recovery in Ketchup and Sauce products available in local market.
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This research is dealing with five sample of tomato ketchup products available in local market that were respectively as follows: Hello-Baghdad Iraq, Tiffany-Abu Dhabi, Melody-Dubai, Baidar-Saudi Arabia, and Altunsa-Turkey. Also it is dealing with four sample of sauce products available in local market that were respectively as follows: Hello-Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Badawi-Baghdad Iraq, Family-Baghdad, Iraq, and Hala-Amman Jordon. Analysis was performed on each sample three times and mean of the reading was taking. Samples were tested through terse and shorthand from lengthened steps. The spectrophotometric method used rely on theoretical and practical bases in extraction and diagnosis by UV spectrophotometer. This method in short notes, consisted of achievement of extraction of the ketchup and sauce aqueous solution in three steps from which benzoic acid extracted in the form of benzoate, through these steps the benzoate form was changed into benzoic acid form, so the sample aqueous solution extracted using diethyl ether and its quantity was transferred by volume. The UV absorbance curve for benzoic acid was drawn in spectral range 200-290 nm, and the spectra for benzoic acid 250-290 nm was also drawn, whereas in this range the higher absorbance at 272 nm was predicted, and the final benzoic acid solution was tested using UV spect. at this proper wavelength, so the benzoic acid reading was obtained using acid standard curve utilization. In this work was also noticed that pH values for ketchup and sauce products are differed and ranging from 2 to 5 instead of the stated values that must be between 3.5 to 4.7.
The higher recorded benzoic acid concentrations in ketchup samples in this work was higher as 1315 and lower as 745 mg/Kg, and it recorded a value 255 mg/Kg which approaches allowable value stated by Iraqi standardization (250 mg/Kg). Whereas the higher recorded benzoic acid concentrations in sauce samples in this work was higher as 2695 mg/Kg, and some of which recorded a value 280 mg/Kg which approaches allowable value stated by Iraqi standardization (250 mg/Kg). In general terms the concentration levels in samples investigated were higher than allowable value stated by Iraqi standardization (250 mg/Kg).
Study the expression level of beta 2 microglobulin gene on hepatitis C patients before and after treatment with interferon
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study has been carried out to evaluate the expression level of beta 2 microglobulin gene on patients infected by hepatitis C virus before and after treatment with interferon. The study included 117 hepatitis C patients comprising as 63 pre-treated patients, the range of age was between 20-65 year with a mean age of 48.12 ± 16.1 and 54 post-treated patients with age range was between 23-63 year with the mean of 46.1 ± 18.1. Also it was found that more than half of patients were located within third and fourth decade i.e. 30-49 year, with a percentage of 52.4% and 55.6 % for pre-treatment and post-treatment patients respectively. Moreover , regarding both groups, males are more than females with the ratio of ( 3.2:1) among pre-treatment group and 2:1 among post-treatment group. Further , It has been found that the concentration of ?2 microglobulin was (3.425±0.943mg/L) among pre-treatment group and (1.860±0.723 mg/L) among post-treatment group with significant correlation (P=0.05). Besides that , in the present study ,It has been found the concentration of ?2 microglobulin was decrease after treatment from (3.425±0.943 mg/L) to (1.860±0.723mg/L) which was statistically significant (P=0.05) , Thus ?2 microglobulin can be used as a supporting marker of responsiveness to treatment with interferon in hepatitis C patients as well as indicator for monitoring the disease progression.
Evaluation of the Compton (Incoherent) and Rayleigh (Coherent) Differential Cross Sections of Scattering for Rhodium 103Rh45 and Tantalum181Ta73 by Employing CSC model
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The differential cross section for the Rhodium and Tantalum has been calculated by using the Cross Section Calculations (CSC) in range of energy(1keV-1MeV) . This calculations based on the programming of the Klein-Nashina and Rayleigh Equations. Atomic form factors as well as the coherent functions in Fortran90 language Machine proved very fast an accurate results and the possibility of application of such model to obtain the total coefficient for any elements or compounds.
Morphological study of pollen-grains for the wild species of the genus Erysimum L. (Crucifereae) in Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Pollen grains morphology have been studied for the wild species of the genus Erysimum L. which belong to Crucifereae family in Iraq. These species are E. filifolium Boiss. et Hausskn., E. oleifolium J. Gay, E. repandum L., E. eginense Hausskn. ex Bornm., E. aucheranum J. Gay, E. cheiranthoides L., E. alpestre Ky. ex Boiss., E. kurdicum Boiss. et Hausskn., E. tenellum DC., E. strophades Boiss., E. gladiiferum Boiss. et Hausskn., E. nasturtioides Boiss. et Hausskn. The study was performe by using light microscope . The study reveal that there was only one type of pollen grain named Tricoplate in all studied species . The study also demonstrated that there were differences among pollen grains morphology . The species E. kurdicum , E. alpestre , and E. strophades have shown Oblate form , while the species E. oleifolium , E. repandum , E. filifolium , E. aucheranum , and E. tenellum have Oblate-spheroidal form . On the other hand the species E. eginense , E. gladiiferum , E. cheiranthoides , and E. nasturtioides have Sub-oblate pollen . It was also noticed that the outer layer of pollen grains has more thickened wall than the inner layer . The data also shown that there were differences in pollen grains sizes . The species E. oleifolium , E. strophades , E. filifolium , E. gladiiferum , E. E. kurdicum , E. aucheranum , E. tenellum , E. repandum , and E. nasturtioides have very small pollen grains , while they were small to middle in the other species .The data getting from this study showed important taxonomical characters to classifying the studied species
The Relation of IGF-1 and Insulin Resistance in a Sample of Iraqi Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Macrovascular Disease
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is a metabolic disease that is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis by 2-4 folds than in non- diabetics. In general population, low IGF-1 has been associated with higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and mortality .This study aims to find out the relationship between IGF-1 level and other biochemical markers such as Homeostasis Model Assessment insulin resistance(HOMAIR) and Body Mass Index(BMI) in type 2 diabetic patients . This study includes (82) patients (40 females and 42 males) with age range (40-75) years,(34) non obese diabetic patients and (48) obese diabetic patients. The non obese individuals considered as a controls group, all controls and patients groups with type 2 DM, ischemic heart disease and hypertension, and free from other disease by history and clinical exam .The results showed that serum IGF-1 levels were lower in obese diabetic patients than non obese.HOMAIR has been found to be significantly higher in obese than non obese diabetic patients ,there is negative correlation between IGF-1 and HOMAIR. Body mass index (BMI) was in positive correlation with HOMAIR and innegativecorrelationwithIGF-1. Conclusion of this study was the serum level of IGF-1 is significantly lower in obese than non obese type 2 DM , but HOMA IR is significantly higher in obese diabetic subjects .
Adsorption of Congo, Red Rhodamine B and Disperse Blue Dyes From Aqueous Solution onto Raw Flint Clay
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Removal of Congo red, Rhodamine B, and Dispers Blue dyes from water solution have been achieved using Flint Clay as an adsorbent. The adsorption was studied as a function of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature under batch adsorption technique. The equilibrium data fit with Langmuir, Freundlich and Toth models of adsorption and the linear regression coefficient R2 was used to elucidate the best fitting isotherm model. Different thermodynamic parameters, namely Gibb’s free energy, enthalpy and entropy of the on-going adsorption process have also been evaluated. Batch technique has been employed for the kinetic measurements and the adsorption of the three dyes follows a second order rate kinetics. The kinetic investigations also reveal that intraparticle diffusion mechanism was operative
Improving the Estimation of Hydraulic and Thermal Properties of Heterogeneous Media via the Addition of Heat Loss
Authors: Pan Mengqi , Huang Quanzhong , Feng Rong , Xu Xu , Xiong Yunwu , Huang Guanhua
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Heat loss is the main reason for water flux underestimation.

Two methods were proposed to quantify the heat loss.

More accurate hydraulic properties can be estimated with the addition of heat loss.

Heat has been widely used to investigate water flow in soils and aquifers during the past few decades. However, heat loss as an important characteristic has not been well considered in laboratory heat‐tracing experiments. To evaluate the impact of heat loss on the estimation of hydraulic and thermal properties, a laboratory experiment was conducted using a sandbox packed with heterogeneous silica sand under steady‐state flow condition. Thermocouple probes were used to simultaneously measure the temperature inside and outside of the silica sand during the experiment. The measured temperature of the sand layer was used to estimate the hydraulic conductivities and longitudinal and transverse thermal dispersivities via curve fitting using HYDRUS software. We found that >50% of the sensible heat was dissipated into the shell of sandbox and the surrounding air rather than being absorbed by the sand. Two methods were then proposed to quantify the heat loss and to improve the accuracy of parameter estimation: (i) a conceptual heat balance method that accounted for the change in heat storage in different parts of the system and (ii) a physical process‐based method that described the thermodynamic processes of heat transfer among different parts of the system. On combining these two methods, the relative error between the estimated and measured water flux significantly decreased from 19% to nearly 2%. The results imply that the heat‐tracing method is capable of obtaining accurate hydraulic and thermal properties in a heterogeneous porous medium with the addition of heat loss.
Audiobooks for Assisting EFL Students in Reading Independently
Authors: Imawan Muhammad Riswanda , Ashadi Ashadi
Published: March 2019

Scholars and practitioners have done much research in developing EFL students' reading skill so that they can recall the main points of a text, answer literal and/or inferential questions, and even complete the actual reading of the text. Yet, those mainly have to involve the presence of a teacher or tutor for monitoring whereas students should be trained to be independent in reading. By reviewing related literature, this article is suggesting to use ‘Audiobook' to assist EFL students in reading independently. This article describes how the teaching of reading for EFL students, and how audiobooks can contribute to it. This all finally come with a conclusion that audiobook definitely can assist EFL in students in reading independently that later will supportively develop their reading skill and language competence besides their listening skill itself.
Datos normativos y estandarización de un protocolo de pruebas neuropsicológicas para la evaluación de la memoria en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Puerta Lopera Isabel Cristina , Dussan Lubert Carmen , Montoya Londoño Diana Marcela , Landinez Martinez Daniel Alfredo
Published: March 2019

En el presente articulo se describen los resultados de un estudio de normalización y estandarización de tareas neuropsicológicas para evaluar la memoria en población universitaria. En el estudio participaron 208 estudiantes universitarios de Manizales sin patología neurológica o psiquiátrica asociada, evaluados con el Test de Aprendizaje Auditivo Verbal de Rey, el Test de la figura compleja de Rey, el Test de Audición Serial Pautada (Pasat), y Test de Retención Visual de Benton. En relación con el plan de análisis estadístico puede indicarse que la validez de apariencia fue evaluada mediante juicio de expertos; la de contenido utilizando análisis factorial; la validez de criterio concurrente, a través del coeficiente de correlación; la consistencia interna con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach; la consistencia relacionada con el tiempo de aplicación mediante la proporción de aciertos y la consistencia relacionada con la aplicación por diferentes evaluadores, utilizando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y la proporción de aciertos. Para establecer la normalidad de los datos se empleó la prueba de Shapiro Wilk, la comparación entre puntuaciones medias de hombres y mujeres se realizó con la U de Mann - Whitney o t de Student, finalmente se obtuvieron baremos para los test incluidos. Entre los resultados puede indicarse que se evidenció adecuada validez de apariencia, contenido y criterio concurrente para cada test, altos niveles de consistencia interna, confiabilidad pretest – postest, y confiabilidad relacionada con la aplicación de los diferentes evaluadores para las pruebas.
Psicología de la salud en Colombia: formación e investigación
Authors: Velandia Milady Sofía , Salamanca Camargo Yenny , Alarcón prieto María Fabiola
Published: March 2019

Se trata de una investigación documental, cuyo objetivo fue identificar el estado de la psicología de la salud en Colombia durante los años 2012 a 2018, a partir de la información disponible sobre grupos de investigación y programas de formación en psicología. Los resultados indican que 183 universidades ofertan el programa de pregrado en psicología, de los cuáles 61 incluyen asignaturas relacionadas con psicología de la salud; así mismo, existen siete programas de formación posgradual y tres de formación continuada sobre esta especialidad; respecto a los grupos de investigación en psicología, se identifican 177, de los cuales, 52, investigan sobre psicología de la salud, siendo más frecuente los temas relacionados con evaluación y en menor medida, los afines con gerencia en salud. Se concluye, que existe un incremento en el número de grupos de investigación y de programas en los diferentes niveles de formación profesional en psicología de la salud, identificando mayor interés en la evaluación por encima de la intervención y diferencias entemas de interés y número de horas por asignaturas, independientemente del nivel de formación.
Evidencias psicométricas iniciales de la escala de autoeficacia para envejecer (EAEE) en adultos mayores peruanos
Authors: Caycho-Rodriguez Tomas , Ventura-León José , Azabache-Alvarado Karla , Barboza-Palomino Miguel , Fergusson Cárdenas Ingrid , Rojas-Jara Claudio
Published: March 2019

El estudio examina las evidencias psicométricas de la Escala de Autoeficacia para Envejecer (EAEE) en una muestra de 400 adultos mayores (75.2% mujeres y 24.8% hombres) de la ciudad de Trujillo (Perú) con una edad promedio de 73.37 años (DE = 7.86). Los participantes completaron la EAEE junto con medidas de satisfacción con la vida y depresión. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), reveló que la EAEE presentaba una estructura factorial unidimensional. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), mostró que el modelo unidimensional tenía un ajuste aceptable (S-Bχ2 = 54.02, df = 345 p = .001; S-Bχ2/df = 1.54; CFI = .97; RMSEA = .052 [IC90% .021, .078]; y SRMR = .049; AIC= 118.96) y una confiabilidad adecuada (ω = .88 [IC95% .84 – .91]; α = .88 [IC95%: .84 - .91]). Los puntajes de la EAEE se correlacionaron de manera positiva con la satisfacción con la vida (r = .56, p< .01 [IC95%: .46, .79]) y negativa con la depresión (r = -.48, p< .01 [IC95%: -.37, -.73]). Los resultados sugieren que la EAEE presenta evidencias de validez basada en la estructura interna, convergente y discriminante, así como una adecuada confiabilidad.
The improvement of management of social and labor relations as one of the directions of economic development
Authors: Mуkhalchenko Hanna
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the main problems in management of social and labor relations, which are vital for economic development. The relevance of the research in accordance with the attempts of Ukraine to get closer to European standards of quality of life while minimize existing demographic problems, increasing inequality, impoverishment of the population, deterioration in the quality of labor resources is proved. The purpose of the research is to identify the main problems of social and labor relations related to employment of the population and to justify ways to improve their management and determine practical recommendations for the implementation of effective economic and social policies in this direction. In order to provide solutions to scientific problems general scientific methods are used in the research. They allow determining the state of employment of the population, its dynamics, compliance with the minimum wage in Ukraine, as one of the main standards, guaranteed by the state, similar to the standards adopted in the European Union; also perform comparisons of the average wage in Ukraine with other countries. Taking into account significant migration trends, the causes, characteristics and consequences of internal and external migrations for the socio-economic development of the country are analyzed. As a result, it is proved that for the regulation of the labor market a general improvement in the economic situation and capital investment activity is needed, which will allow increasing in the number of jobs and labor requirements. Thus, the main task of effective regulation of the social and labor sphere should be the creation of satisfactory economic conditions for the sustainable and expanded reproduction of the total labor force in accordance with the needs of the country and its regions. According to the results of the research, the measures to improve the system of state and regional regulation of social and labor relations, which would correspond to existing market relations, sustainable economic development of the country and take into account the economic interests of all participants in social and labor relations in society, are proposed.
Refinement of the engineering practice of evaiuation of the wear rate of excavator impiement components
Authors: Gadoiina I. V. , Pobegayio P. A. , Kritsky D. Yu. , Papić L.
Published: March 2019

The existence of humankind on Earth largely depends on the energy at its disposal. It is mostly generated by processing minerals extracted from the Earth’s crust by open-cut mining. The quality and low cost of extraction are largely defined by the dependability of employed machines and mechanisms, plants and process engineering solutions. Various types of excavators are the backbone of a mining machine fleet. Their parts that principally interact with the environment (rock) are components of implements, i.e. primarily the buckets and components of bucket(s). It must be noted that in the process of interaction with the environment (rock) the excavator implements and their components are exposed to so-called abrasive wear. Since abrasive wear of implement components (most frequently excavator bucket teeth) causes their recurrent replacement, this inevitably affects the performance of the excavator as a whole and those process flows it is part of. Occasional interruptions of operation and repairs reduce the availability factor, the most important complex indicator of equipment dependability. Given the above, the aim of this paper is to refine the previously known formula proposed more than thirty years ago in VNIISDM (Reysh A.K.) for evaluation of the rate of abrasive wear of excavator bucket teeth. For the first time, with a sufficient accuracy we examined the multitude of operating modes of mining equipment, i.e. operation of excavators in various conditions, e.g. on different soils. Additionally, we extended Reysh’s approach from single-bucket machines to continuous operation multi-bucket ones. For that purpose, the authors used a method of data integration from known sources, method of full-scale experiment under the operating conditions of a specific excavator and method of mathematical simulation (a form of the Monte Carlo method). All of that allowed revising the values of the parameters in the Reysh formula. The refined formula that we obtained can now be used for the dependability evaluation of machines operating under varying conditions, as well as for the purpose of appointing the time of preventive inspections.
Corticosteroid Catabolism by Klebsiella pneumoniae as a Possible Mechanism for Increased Pneumonia Risk
Authors: Chattopadhyay Pritam , Banerjee Goutam
Published: March 2019

Background:

Several strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are responsible for causing pneumonia
in lung and thereby causing death in immune-suppressed patients. In recent year, few investigations
have reported the enhancement of K. pneumoniae population in patients using corticosteroid containing
inhaler.

Objectives:

The biological mechanism(s) behind this increased incidence has not been elucidated.
Therefore, the objective of this investigating was to explore the relation between Klebsiella pneumoniae
and increment in carbapenamase producing Enterobacteriaceae score (ICS).

Methods:

The available genomes of K. pneumoniae and the amino acid sequences of steroid catabolism
pathway enzymes were taken from NCBI database and KEGG pathway tagged with UniPort database,
respectively. We have used different BLAST algorithms (tBLASTn, BLASTp, psiBLAST, and
delBLAST) to identify enzymes (by their amino acid sequence) involved in steroid catabolism.

Results:

A total of 13 enzymes (taken from different bacterial candidates) responsible for corticosteroid
degradation have been identified in the genome of K. pneumoniae. Finally, 8 enzymes (K. pneumoniae
specific) were detected in four clinical strains of K. pneumoniae. This investigation intimates
that this ability to catabolize corticosteroids could potentially be one mechanism behind the increased
pneumonia incidence.

Conclusion:

The presence of corticosteroid catabolism enzymes in K. pneumoniae enhances the ability
to utilize corticosteroid for their own nutrition source. This is the first report to demonstrate the corticosteroid
degradation pathway in clinical strains of K. pneumoniae.
Efficacy of Zofenopril Alone or in Combination with Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients with Kidney Dysfunction
Authors: Omboni Stefano , Borghi Claudio
Published: March 2019

Hypertension and kidney disease often coexist, further increasing the risk of future cardiovascular
events. Treatment of hypertensive adults with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
in case of concomitant kidney disease may slow disease progression. The third-generation
liphophilic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril, administered alone or combined
with a thiazide diuretic, has proved to be effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients
and to reduce the risk of fatal and non-fatal events in post-acute myocardial infarction and
heart failure. In almost three-hundred hypertensive patients with kidney impairment zofenopril administered
for 12 weeks showed a similar blood pressure-lowering effect irrespective of the stage of
the disease, with larger effects in combination with a thiazide diuretic, particularly in patients with
slightly or moderately impaired kidney function. In animal models, zofenopril produced a significant
and long-lasting inhibition of kidney angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and prevented
kidney morphological and functional alterations following kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Treatment of hypertensive patients for 18 weeks with a combination of zofenopril 30 mg and hydrochlorothiazide
12.5 mg resulted in a reduction in albumin creatinine ratio of 8.4 mg/g (49.6%
reduction from baseline values) and no changes in glomerular filtration rate, variations in line with
those obtained in the control group treated with a combination of irbesartan 150 mg and hydrochlorothiazide
12.5 mg. Thus, some preliminary evidence exists to support that relatively long-term
treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril alone or combined with hydrochlorothiazide
is effective in controlling blood pressure and may confer some kidney protection
due to ACE inhibition properties.
Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Seo Hyun-Ju , Kim Soo Young , Sheen Seung-Soo , Cha Youngju
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) is used to strengthen patients’ self-care management, facilitate communication between patients and service providers, provide information to improve health behaviors and decision making, prevent health-related complications, and improve health-related quality of life. Among the chronic diseases, type 2 diabetes is a critical health problem with increasing incidence, prevalence, and complications worldwide.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses concerning mHealth interventions aimed to examine service platforms, program types, outcomes of interest, current status of research activities, and effectiveness for type 2 diabetes self-care management among community-dwelling adults, and identify research gaps.

METHODS

This scoping review adopted the method developed by Arksey and O’Malley. The databases searched were Ovid Medline and Ovid EMBASE, and the period was from inception until April 2018. Two reviewers independently screened, selected, and charted studies using a piloted charting form. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus, after which the results were collated, summarized, and thematically analyzed.

RESULTS

The final sample (N=81) included systematic reviews or meta-analyses reporting the clinical effectiveness of mHealth interventions (n=64), behavioral outcomes related to mHealth interventions (n=47), and the usability of mHealth interventions (n=14). The most common sub-types of mHealth interventions for type 2 diabetes care were patient monitoring (32.5%), treatment adherence (30.7%), and diabetes-related advice and education (20.9%). Mobile devices were most often used to provide such mHealth services (40%), followed by the internet (28.9%). The mHealth intervention strategy that was effective for controlling blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes was a multimodal intervention consisting of treatment advice and education, treatment adherence/reminder methods, and patient monitoring. The intervention strategy that showed behavioral effects was the one consisting of treatment adherence/reminder methods and/or patient monitoring. The usability of mHealth interventions was controversial.

CONCLUSIONS

This scoping review outlined the clinical effects, behavioral effects, and usability of mHealth interventions in literature focused on diabetes self-care management via mHealth technologies. In order to improve clinical and behavioral outcomes, the process of applying mHealth interventions should include strategies for improving interaction between patients and health care service providers. Systematic reviews of mHealth interventions using comprehensive mobile apps, containing at least three major components of treatment advice, reminders, patient monitoring, and social networking services are needed. In addition, systematic reviews on the effectiveness of mHealth interventions in pre-diabetics are needed.

CLINICALTRIAL

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Editorial
Authors: Hall-Lew Lauren
Published: March 2019

It is my pleasure to present the second issue of the second volume of Lifespans & Styles: Undergraduate Working Papers on Intraspeaker Variation. This issue includes six papers from nine authors. The first three papers are by undergraduate students in Dr Laurel MacKenzie’s class, Language Change Across the Lifespan, at the University of Manchester. The fourth and fifth papers come from former students of my class, Sociolinguistics, at the University of Edinburgh, and the sixth paper is based on a University of Edinburgh Honours dissertation. As in the two previous issues, Volume 2, Issue 2 offers a breadth of approaches to the study of within-speaker, or intraspeaker, variation.
‘Ow Cockney is Beckham Twenty Years On? An Investigation into H-dropping and T-glottaling
Authors: Dahou Sofia , Hamlin Jasmine
Published: March 2019

This research paper examines how language change can occur across the lifespan through the linguistic analysis of East Londoner, and world renowned football player, David Beckham. Specifically, we look at his use of the consonantal variables of t-glottaling and h-dropping and how the frequency of these forms change over a 20-year period. We discuss the background of the linguistic phenomena under investigation and the common environments in which these non-standard variants are likely to occur. We also take a closer look at how the forms are being used in certain phonotactic environments, for example, word-medial and word-final positions, and the potential reasons behind them being less common when preceding or following certain sounds. We discuss some common theories associated with language change across the lifespan, using quantitative data to find trends and qualitative interpretation to suggest social causes for our findings. The paper allows us to critically evaluate language change theories, such as Labov’ s (1978) apparent time theory.In designing our study, we hypothesised that Beckham would be seen to undergo linguistic change from his classic East London Cockney features to more prestigious forms. As t-glottaling and h-dropping are stigmatised forms which are commonly associated with a working-class background, we believed that Beckham would go from using a high rate of these variants in his teenage years, due to his lower socioeconomic background, to producing standard /t/ and /h/ more frequently, reflecting his dramatic upward social climb. Due to his rise to fame, we expected that his celebrity status would bring an added pressure to speak in a “correct”  manner, therefore influencing Beckham to opt for the standard variants more frequently. The variants we looked at are also commonly associated with younger speakers, so we expected Beckham’ s aging to further affect his language.Our results support our hypothesis, showing the extent to which David Beckham’s language choices have changed over time. We found that he showed a significant decrease in both h-dropping and t-glottaling in all phonotactic environments. However, we also found a surprisingly high rate of t-glottalisation before consonants and after vowels in Beckham’ s 2014 recordings. Our data support theories concerning age, social class, sex and dialect convergence. Overall, our paper offers insight into the methodology and theory surrounding language change across the lifespan through the analysis of particular linguistics variables of an English speaker.
Word-final T-deletion in Southern German
Authors: Scrimgeour Anna
Published: March 2019

The recordings of 20 native German speakers were analysed to identify the strongest factors affecting the rates of word-final t-deletion. Deletion rates were shown to be higher for /t/s in semiweak verbs, when preceded or followed by sibilants, and in a conversational speaking style. In addition to this, frequent words showed higher deletion rates. English and German t-deletion were comparable to some extent in this study. However, deletion rates by morphological complexity showed differences between the languages: monomorphemic words, in particular, had lower deletion rates in German than in English. It was also shown that reading aloud reduces the deletion rates significantly which is in line with previous research.
O papel do discurso do outro na crônica (The role of discourse of someone else in chronicle)
Authors: Wittke Cleide Inês
Published: March 2019

A voz do outro está presente no nosso falar cotidiano, no dizer retórico, e no discurso literário. Nessas condições e sob uma perspectiva dialógica e polifônica bakhtiana (1981, 1992), este artigo objetiva identificar e compreender o modo como o discurso do outro, mostrado ou velado, segundo Authier-Revuz (1982, 1998), manifesta-se no dizer literário. Para tanto, selecionamos duas crônicas, ambas publicadas no jornal Zero Hora (RS), com o intuito de analisar sob quais estratégias discursivo-linguísticas a voz do outro se manifesta, e também os efeitos de sentido que produz no texto. Investigamos o funcionamento dos discursos direto, indireto e indireto livre, bem como de outros indicadores, marcados ou não, relacionando-os com o dizer do locutor/narrador que, ora busca aproximar-se, ora, afastar-se da voz do outro, dependendo do efeito semântico que busca produzir.