bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supersensitive photonic crystal fiber device (PCFD) for the accurate determination of sugar concentration (SC) in an aqueous solution
Authors: Hasanein Mahmoud Abu , Daher Malek G. , Faragallah Osama S. , Armghan Ammar , Almawgani Abdulkarem H. M. , Upadhyay Anurag , Singh Shivam
Published: October 2024

Presently, photonic crystal fiber devices (PCFDs) have gotten a grand importance in various research arenas as a result of their valuable advantages in different applications. One of the most central applications is their usage as detectors to sense several analytes and this is for the reason that these PCFDs are described by high precision and rapidity in sensing process. In this effort, a PCFD is projected as a detector to determine various SCs in an aqueous solution. COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.6 with the finite element approach (FEA) and perfectly matched sheet (PMS) boundary circumstance is expended to build and examine the suggested PCFD. Zeonex matter is exploited in our PCFD owing to its small absorption loss. Several PCFD configurations are studied at x and y-axis. Most optical factors for the suggested PCFD are analyzed and compared together for each SC at the different PCFD configurations and both polarizations. All these factors are analyzed in the frequency scale from 1.0 to 2.5 THz. The highest relative sensitivity (RSE) values are 99.42% for SC of 30% at y-polarization and optimum + 2% configuration. It is proved that enlarging the dimensions of the core zone compared to the zone of the air holes leads to an improvement in the RSE. Also, this PCFD revealed incredibly tiny values of CLS and EMLS. Moreover, all the other optical factors appeared the adeptness of the suggested PCFD in determining the various SCs in the aqueous solution.
Enhancing the Quality of Jerusalem Artichoke Chips: The Role of Pretreatment Optimization in Combined Vacuum Freezing and Hot Air Drying
Authors: Mu Yuwen , Gao Wenting , Lv Shiqi , Zhao Changming
Published: October 2024

The Jerusalem artichoke emerges as a novel non-food energy crop, with its tuber being a rich source of inulin—the most soluble dietary fiber. This study aims to investigate the impact of pretreatment on the quality of Jerusalem artichoke chips dried using a combined method of vacuum freezing and hot air drying. The evaluation criteria encompass color, hardness, rehydration ratio, and microstructure of the Jerusalem artichoke chips. Blanching duration, NaCl concentration, and maltodextrin concentration in the pretreatment phase are key research parameters. Through a single-factor analysis experiment, optimal levels for each parameter were determined, with 60s for blanching, 0.8% for NaCl concentration, and 10% for maltodextrin concentration. Meanwhile, response surface methodology (RSM) optimization identified the optimal conditions as 67s blanching time, 0.97% NaCl concentration, and 8.35% maltodextrin concentration. Under these conditions, the Jerusalem artichoke chips exhibited an L* value of 79.82 and a rehydration ratio of 3.92. The finished product manifested a loose, porous texture, a well-defined structure, and a crisp palate. The findings from this investigation provide substantive theoretical support for diversified processing approaches for Jerusalem artichoke.
Artificial Intelligence based Power Optimization in Induction Furnace Controlled Melting Process of Foundry Industries along with Reduction of CO 2 Emission
Authors: T Roosefert Mohan , Rajan ANNIE UTHRA , J Preetha Roselyn , M Malathi
Published: October 2024

Day by day the electrical energy consumption is increased to meet the customer demand like new industries development, electric vehicle charging, railway development and raise in population increase etc. Though variable renewable energy resources are added to meet out the demand and reduce greenhouse emission with less carbon di oxide it is necessary to reduce the power consumption of the existing industry for the same productivity to avoid pollution and global warming. The proposed system works on the principle of energy saving is nothing but energy production which optimize the power consumption for the same quantity of production, reduces CO2 emission and reduce the cost of production which increases the profit of the industry. By optimizing the electrical energy conservation, the Green House Emission pollutant gases like CO2, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Sulfur Hexafluoride etc… also reduces from the thermal or atomic electrical power generation which reduce global warming and climate change. Induction furnaces of plant for melting metal are the major power consuming equipment in foundry industries and by providing effective power management system to multiple furnaces and utilizing the power in an optimized way increases the furnace liquid metal productivity and share the energy throughout the plant in an optimized way which eliminates maximum demand penalty by the electricity board during billing and reduces power consumption per tonnage of liquid metal produced which increase the profit of the plant and reduce global warming. In the proposed power management system the power consumption of a foundry is utilized in such a way that when the power of a furnace is utilized less the standard capacity due to operational constraints and production status, the unutilized power from the furnace is fed to the other furnaces of the industry without affecting the safety and quality of the liquid metal produced by the furnaces since abnormal sudden raise in furnace power may lead to liquid metal burst during slag removal and controlled temperature raise of liquid metal for pouring operation.
The impact of coffee genotype and processing method on the sensory and metabolite profiles of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Bollen Robrecht , Rojo-Poveda Olga , Katshela Benjamin Ntumba , Tshimi Ebele Aaron , Stévigny Caroline , Delporte Cédric , Vandelook Filip , Stoffelen Piet , Honnay Olivier
Published: October 2024

Coffee processing involves various steps, from harvest to the storage of dried green coffee beans, each of which can significantly affect the beans' chemical composition and sensory qualities. Yet, a comprehensive evaluation that includes the coffee's genetic background and chemical, sensory, and biological aspects is still uncommon for Robusta coffee. Four Robusta (C. canephora) genotypes from the Democratic Republic of the Congo were subjected to five different coffee processing methods: Strip-picked, unsorted, sundried cherries; Overripe, sorted, sundried cherries; ripe, sorted, sundried (Natural) cherries; ripe, sorted, Pulped, sundried parchment; and ripe, sorted, wet fermented (Washed), sundried parchment were processed separately. The resulting green beans underwent sensory descriptive cupping, seed germination tests, and metabolite profiling using LC-HRMS. The Pulped and Washed methods produced coffees with higher sensory attributes scores, while the Overripe method was associated with the sensory ‘potato taste’ defect. Washed coffee was characterized by smooth, fruity, cocoa notes, and was negatively correlated with rough mouthfeel, tobacco, and leather flavors. The Pulped and Washed method had significantly higher germination success after four months of storage. The processing method influenced caffeine concentration in green beans, depending on the genotype, while trigonelline levels varied significantly between genotypes but not between processing methods. The grouping of the metabolite profiles of roasted coffee and green beans was consistent with their genetic background rather than the processing method. Overall, we demonstrate that genotype plays a significant role in mediating the outcomes of different processing methods.
The Study on the Frequency Evolution of Pulsar Radiation Heights
Authors: Luo ChaoXin , Xu Xin , Du ChangRong , QiJun Zhi
Published: October 2024

We have investigated the multi-frequency radiation altitudes for 104 pulsars collected with multi-frequency observational data from the European Pulsar Network (EPN) and the Australian Telescope National Facility (ATNF), complemented by published literature data. We found that the evolution of radiation altitudes with frequency for the majority of pulsars can be fitted using a power-law function with a constant. In this work, it is found that the frequency evolution of pulsar radiation heights can be divided into three groups according to their different frequency dependencies of radiation heights, radiation altitude decreases with frequency(Group A, η < −0.1), keeps relatively constant with frequency(Group B, −0.1 < η < 0.1), and increases with frequency(Group C, η > 0.1), where η is the radiation height variation rate. We also computed the radiation altitudes across multiple frequency bands for these pulsars and consequently estimated the approximate location of the pulsar radiation region. We found that most pulsar radiation occurs at altitudes of tens to hundreds of kilometers above the polar cap, with differences in radiation heights between the three groups becoming more pronounced at lower frequencies.
Direct Heterogeneous Integration of Molybdenum Disulfide via Spin-on Molecular Chemistry
Authors: Balushi Zakaria Al , Im Healin , Gupta Ayush , Lu David , Buckingham Mark , Ma Ke , Nemsak Slavomir , Higashitarumizu Naoki , Rahman I K M Reaz , Liang Jiayun , Wan Jiawei , Herrera Joshua , Ward-O'Brien Brendan , Swindle Joshua , Spickermann Ellis , Ma Xiaohan , Wu Zili , Wang Ke , Duin Adri Van , Nayir Nadire , Zheng Haimei , Javey Ali , Sherburne Matthew , Lewis David , Long Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), are emerging as key materials for next-generation electronics, addressing challenges in the miniaturization of silicon-based technologies. Despite progress in scaling-up 2D materials, integrating them into functional devices remains challenging, particularly in the context of three-dimensional integration. Here, we present a scalable method for growing high-quality mono- to few-layer MoS2 on large wafers using a spin-on precursor, molybdenum ethyl xanthate. This approach facilitates the formation of a metastable amorphous molybdenum trisulfide phase, which we can then be leveraged for direct heterogeneous integration. We thoroughly investigate the growth dynamics and associated versatile features using comprehensive characterization, reactive force-field molecular dynamics simulations, and Density Functional Theory. Our method allows precise control over film thickness, grain size, and defect density, yielding wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 with reliable optical properties comparable to as-exfoliated samples. Additionally, we achieve area-selective formation of MoS2 and the direct deposition of sub-5 nm high-k oxides using atomic layer deposition, without the need for seeding or surface functionalization. This process enables the fabrication of complex superlattice structures, top-gated FETs, and memristor devices, all from a single-source chemistry. Our findings highlight the versatility of spin-on metal xanthate chemistries for the synthesis and integration of transition metal dichalcogenides, paving the way for advanced nanoscale fabrication processes and enhancing the commercial viability of 2D materials in electronics.
The genetic architecture of brainstem structures
Authors: Yu Chunshui , Xue Hui , Fu Jilian , Geng Zuojun , Cheng Jingliang , Wang Meiyun , Zhang Long Jiang , Cui Guangbin , Yu Yongqiang , Liao Weihua , Zhang Hui , Gao Bo , Xu Xiaojun , Han Tong , Yao Zhenwei , Zhang Quan , Qin Wen , Liu Feng , Liang Meng , Wang Sijia , Xu Qiang , Xu Jiayuan , Wang Caihong , Liu Nana , Ji Yuan , Zhang Peng , Li Wei , Wei Wei , Shi Dapeng , Lui Su , Yan Zhihan , Chen Feng , Zhang Jing , Shen Wen , Miao Yanwei , Wang Dawei , Gao Jia-Hong , Yang Yunjun , Xu Kai , Xian Junfang , Zhang Bing , Zhang Xiaochu , Zuo Xi-Nian , Li Mulin Jun , Ye Zhaoxiang , Qiu Shijun , Zhu Wenzhen
Published: October 2024

The brainstem contains numerous nuclei and tracts with vital functions. Genome-wide associations with brainstem substructure volumes are explored in European individuals, however other ancestries are under-represented. Here, we conducted the cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analyses in 72,717 individuals for brainstem and 48,522 for eight substructure volumes, including 7,096 Chinese Han individuals. We identified 122 genetic loci associated with brainstem and substructure volumes at P < 5.56 ×10− 9, including 46 new loci. Three associations had different effect sizes and 292 associations had similar effect sizes between ancestries. We prioritized 550 genes for these brainstem volumetric traits, primarily enriching for neural development. We identified the shared and distinct genetic loci, genes, and pathways for midbrain, pons, and medulla volumes, and the shared genetic architectures with brainstem-related neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions. The results provide new insight into genetic architectures of brainstem and substructure volumes and their genetic associations with brainstem physiologies and pathologies.
Beyond Text Generation: Assessing Large Language Models' Ability to Follow Rules and Reason Logically
Authors: Han Zhiyong , Battaglia Fortunato , Mansuria Kush , Heyman Yoav , Terlecky Stanley R.
Published: October 2024

The growing interest in advanced large language models (LLMs) has sparked debate about how best to use them to enhance human productivities, including teaching and learning outcomes. However, a neglected issue in the debate concerning the applications of LLMs is whether these chatbots can follow strict rules and use reason to solve problems in novel contexts. To address this knowledge gap, we investigate the ability of five LLMs (ChatGPT-4o, Claude, Gemini, Meta AI, and Mistral) to solve and create word ladder puzzles to assess their rule-adherence and logical reasoning capabilities. Our two-phase methodology involves: 1) explicit instruction and word ladder puzzle-solving tasks to evaluate rule understanding, followed by 2) assessing LLMs' ability to create and solve word ladder puzzles while adhering to rules. Additionally, we test their ability to implicitly recognize and avoid HIPAA privacy rule violations in a real-world scenario. Our findings reveal that while LLMs can articulate the rules of word ladder puzzles and generate examples, they systematically fail to apply these rules and use logical reasoning in practice. Notably, all LLMs except Claude prioritized task completion (text writing) over ethical considerations in the HIPAA test. Our findings expose critical flaws in LLMs' rule-following and reasoning capabilities and therefore raise concerns about their reliability in tasks requiring strict rule-following and logical reasoning. We urge caution when integrating LLMs into critical fields, including education, and highlight the need for further research into their capabilities and limitations to ensure responsible AI development.
Annulate Lamellae biogenesis is essential for nuclear pore function
Authors: Sumara Izabela , Lin Junyan , Agote-Arán Arantxa , Liao Yongrong , Schoch Rafael , Ronchi Paolo , Cochard Victor , Zhu Rui , Kleiss Charlotte , Ruff Marc , Chevreux Guillaume , Schwab Yannick , Klaholz Bruno
Published: October 2024

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), large protein assemblies embedded into the nuclear envelope (NE), are crucial for bidirectional transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm, a process often disrupted in human diseases. Besides their presence within the NE, NPCs are also found in stacked cytoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes called annulate lamellae (AL)1,2. Despite being discovered in the mid-20th century3, the function and biogenesis mechanisms of AL have remained largely mysterious. While AL were thought to be restricted to germ, embryonic and malignant cells4–12, we find that AL also exist in the cytoplasm of somatic cells under normal physiological conditions and that they can expand upon specific stimuli. We show that AL merge with the NE, supplying the nucleus with new pores which maintains nuclear pore function and nuclear growth during early interphase. NPC protein RanBP2 (Nup358) and ER-associated Climp63 (CKAP4) trigger AL assembly and their NE-integration. The N-terminal phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats of RanBP2 drive the oligomerization of Y-complexes (the NPC outer ring units), and AL-NPCs formation and Climp63 ensures the localization of AL-NPCs to ER sheets and their fusion with the nucleus. These findings uncover a fundamental mechanism of AL biogenesis and highlight the critical role of cytosolic NPCs in the nuclear function and mammalian cellular homeostasis.
Nonlocal Electrical Detection of Reciprocal Orbital Edelstein Effect
Authors: Otani Yoshichika , Gao Weiguang , Liao Liyang , Isshiki Hironari , Kim Junyeon , Go Dongwook , Mokrousov Yuriy , Lee Kyung-Jin , Lee Hyun-Woo
Published: October 2024

Spin-Orbitronics leverages the spin and orbital degrees of freedom in solids for information processing1,2. The orbital Edelstein effect3–5 and orbital Hall effect1,6–9, where the charge current induces a nonequilibrium orbital angular momentum, offer a promising method to manipulate nanomagnets efficiently using light elements1,4–8. Despite extensive research, understanding the Onsager reciprocity of orbital transport—fundamentally rooted in the second law of thermodynamics and time-reversal symmetry—remains elusive. In this study, we experimentally test the Onsager reciprocity of orbital transport in an orbital Edelstein system4,10–12 by utilizing nonlocal measurements13–23. This method enables the precise identification of the chemical potential generated by orbital accumulation, avoiding the limitations associated with local measurements. Remarkably, we observe that the direct and inverse orbital-charge conversion processes produce identical electric voltages, confirming Onsager reciprocity in orbital transport. Additionally, we find that the orbital decay length, approximately 100 nm at room temperature, is independent of Cu thickness and decreases with lowering temperature, revealing a distinct contrast to spin transport behavior15. Our findings provide valuable insights into both the reciprocity of the charge-orbital interconversion and the nonlocal correlation of orbital degree of freedom, laying the ground for orbitronics devices with long-range interconnections.
Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reforms Have Grown More Fragile Since the Paris Conference
Authors: Ross Michael , Mahdavi Paasha , Simoni Evelyn
Published: October 2024

The 2015 Paris Climate Agreement led many countries to make ambitious pledges
of policy reform, including to reduce subsidies for fossil fuels. Yet it is unclear
whether these reforms have been implemented, with prior studies showing conflicting
results. We collect original monthly data on the 21 countries with the largest
gasoline subsidies in the pre-Paris period and evaluate their post-Paris reforms.
After Paris there was an increase in the frequency and ambition of reforms but
a drop in their durability: just 30 percent of the reforms survived for 12 months,
and only 9 percent survived for 36 months. As a result, subsidies rose for 12
countries in our sample and were virtually unchanged in the other 9. Our results
suggest that countries have made little progress toward reducing subsidies since
the Paris Agreement. It also raises questions about the effectiveness of recent
strategies for reducing fossil fuel subsidies.
Real-World Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Chatbots for Providing Sexual Health Information: A Consensus Study Using Clinical Queries
Authors: Latt Phyu Mon , Aung Ei T. , Htaik Kay , Soe Nyi N. , Lee David , King Alicia J , Fortune Ria , Ong Jason J , Chow Eric P F , Bradshaw Catriona S , Rahman Rashidur , Deneen Matthew , Dobinson Sheranne , Randall Claire , Zhang Lei , Fairley Christopher K.
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots could potentially provide information on sensitive topics, including sexual health, to the public. However, their performance compared to human clinicians and across different AI chatbots, particularly in the field of sexual health, remains understudied. This study evaluated the performance of three AI chatbots - two prompt-tuned (Alice and Azure) and one standard chatbot (ChatGPT by OpenAI) - in providing sexual health information, compared to human clinicians.
Methods
We analysed 195 anonymised sexual health questions received by the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre phone line. A panel of experts in a blinded order using a consensus-based approach evaluated responses to these questions from nurses and the three AI chatbots. Performance was assessed based on overall correctness and five specific measures: guidance, accuracy, safety, ease of access, and provision of necessary information. We conducted subgroup analyses for clinic-specific (e.g., opening hours) and general sexual health questions and a sensitivity analysis excluding questions that Azure could not answer.
Results
Alice demonstrated the highest overall correctness (85.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 82.1%-88.0%), followed by Azure (69.3%; 95% CI, 65.3%-73.0%) and ChatGPT (64.8%; 95% CI, 60.7%-68.7%). Prompt-tuned chatbots outperformed the base ChatGPT across all measures. Azure achieved the highest safety score (97.9%; 95% CI, 96.4%-98.9%), indicating the lowest risk of providing potentially harmful advice. In subgroup analysis, all chatbots performed better on general sexual health questions compared to clinic-specific queries. Sensitivity analysis showed a narrower performance gap between Alice and Azure when excluding questions Azure could not answer.
Conclusions
Prompt-tuned AI chatbots demonstrated superior performance in providing sexual health information compared to base ChatGPT, with high safety scores particularly noteworthy. However, all AI chatbots showed susceptibility to generating incorrect information. These findings suggest the potential for AI chatbots as adjuncts to human healthcare providers for providing sexual health information while highlighting the need for continued refinement and human oversight. Future research should focus on larger-scale evaluations and real-world implementations.
Optimizing Positive Content Generation in Prompt-based Abstractive Summarization with Large Language Models
Authors: Monafal Victor , Patterson Lawrence , Petrov Augustus , Robertson Nicholas
Published: October 2024

The increasing demand for automated summarization systems that can generate content with not only factual accuracy but also emotional alignment has led to significant interest in developing models that can control both tone and content coherence. Introducing a novel approach to fine-tuning text generation models, this work focuses on the use of prompt engineering to steer output toward positive sentiment while preserving the essential elements of the source text. By combining sentiment-aware prompts with an iterative fine-tuning process, the model successfully balances the requirements of factual fidelity and emotional tone, producing summaries that are not only accurate but also aligned with user-specified emotional guidelines. Quantitative evaluations using ROUGE and BLEU scores, alongside sentiment analysis and diversity metrics, confirm that sentiment control enhances the linguistic richness and positivity of the generated summaries. Furthermore, the experiments reveal the trade-offs involved in maintaining content fidelity while steering tone, highlighting the importance of prompt design in managing these competing priorities.
Queen Bee characteristics among female leaders in UK finance and the underrepresentation of women in senior roles.
Authors: Babafemi Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Researchers have long needed clarification on the continued underrepresentation of women in senior leadership roles in the United Kingdom finance sector. This study seeks to determine if the concept of the Queen Bee is still relevant to this subject. The study adopted a qualitative feminist methodology and collected data during interviews with 14 female leaders in Finance. The data showed that the women leaders did not regard themselves as Queen Bees. In general, they did not engage in negative behaviours towards other females. However, at times, they did exhibit the characteristics of a Queen Been. They tended to support other females, but their support was inconsistent because they held opinions similar to Queen Bees. Women leaders in Finance, because of some of their negative leadership traits, are not doing enough to support other women, and at times, they are reinforcing some gendered barriers and creating environments that do not support females’ advancement. The study found that the concept of the Queen Bee remains relevant to female underrepresentation in the workplace. Strategies should be implemented to rectify this and create more inclusive workspaces necessary for wellness and the flourishing of females in Finance.
Formation of the Corporate Culture of the Organization as a Factor of Increasing Competitiveness (on the Example of LlC “Trading Company”, Moscow)
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Solovyova Marina V.
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the title problem is determined by the universal understanding that the formed corporate culture of the organization with its unique appearance in the eyes of partners and customers is one of the most important factors of the company’s competitiveness in market conditions. The object of the study is the corporate culture of LLC “Trading Company”, the subject is the factors influencing the corporate culture formation of LLC “Trading Company”. The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate the main indicators that influence the corporate culture formation of Trading Company LLC. The tasks, in relation to Trading Company LLC, are to assess the effectiveness of the state of corporate culture, develop stages of organizational culture reform, formulate the mission of the organization, design a plan to change corporate culture. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle and the principle of comprehensiveness, complex and systematic approaches. The solution of the tasks was carried out on the basis of the use of general logical methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. From private methods, the method of sociological survey is used. As a result of the study, it has been found that the management of the organization is ready to change the culture and introduce new values, which requires reforming most of the existing business processes, the system of relationships and communications. However, the implementation of changes requires a significant period of time, a stable human resource potential, as well as a certain management structure. In addition, financial resources are required for various events that contribute to the consolidation of new values and the identification of the organization in a new format. The proposed list of measures will have a positive impact on the indicators of the socio-psychological, labor climate of the organization, as well as on the indicators of the financial and economic activities of the organization.
Discourses of Euro-Islam
Authors:   Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shimanskaya Olga K. , Senyutkina Olga N. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University named after N. A. Dobrolyubov
Published: October 2024

In the modern world, the increasing pace of globalization strengthens inter-civilization interaction, its consequence is the Europeanization of non-European social worlds and cultures, and the response to it was the orientalization of Europe, that is the emergence and integration of significant Muslim diasporas on the territory of European states. The Europeanization of the Islamic regions of the East and the increase as a result of migration of Muslim communities in European countries poses the problem of a painless and, preferably, fruitful synthesis of the European way of life and values with the ethics and lifestyle of followers of Islam. The purpose of the article is to consider the positions assessing the interpenetration of Islam and Western European culture in the discussions of Islamic scholars, politicians and religious figures. The object of the study is discussions about the concept of “Euroislam” in modern Russian and foreign oriental literature. The subject of the study is the content of the concept of “Euroislam” in relation to modern socio-political life and religious practices of Muslims. The objectives of the study are: to analyze the genesis of the emergence of the concept of “Euroislam” among thinkers of different regions of residence of Muslims in new and modern times; to define the concept of “Euroislam” in domestic science and the religious and political field; to identify the relationship of the concept of “Euroislam” with the realities of the life of the Muslim world, as well as the existence of Muslim communities in Russia and Europe. The work is carried out on the basis of the general scientific principles of objectivity, consistency, historicism using the hermeneutic method, methods of content analysis and comparative studies, as well as formal-logical procedures for deduction and induction, definition and classification. Using comparative techniques, the authors have made an attempt to answer the question of how much Euroislam affects such components of classical Islam as its dogma, rituals and organization of religious life. This approach to Islamic issues allows to a certain extent to enrich the methodology of humanitarian research with additional experience in the use of comparative studies. The case of Euro Islam raises the question of the possibility of the “joint existence” of different ethnic groups and faiths and the “collective habit” (that is, the incorporation of the individual’s social and political experience), on the one hand, and the basic principles of democracy of the Western European model, on the other.
Border Contrast Between Russian Regions on the Trajectories of Achieving National Development Goals
Authors:   V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Blanutsa Viktor I.
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that when studying socio-geographical borders, the main attention has been paid to state borders and their impact on the socio-economic development of border and cross-border regions. The object of the study is the system of national development goals of Russia, and the subject of the study is the spatial and temporal inequality in achieving development goals between Russian regions. The aim of the study is to determine the differences between neighboring regions of Russia along the trajectories of achieving national development goals in order to identify contrasting borders and clarify the emerging territorial structure. The values of 19 indicators of achievement of national development goals in 2021–2030 for 85 Russian regions are used. The sequence of isolation of individual regions and groups of regions using contrasting borders is determined. This made it possible to identify a specific territorial structure for achieving the national development goals of the Russian Federation, consisting in the existence of a capital territory that differs from all, surrounded by regions with relatively similar rates of achieving the goals and “displacing” contrasting regions to the southern (south-western) and northern (north-western) state borders in European part of Russia, as well as beyond Ural Mountains. This structure differs significantly from the distribution of Russian regions by Federal Districts, clusters of promising economic specialization, macro-regions and geostrategic territories. Due to the relative divergence of the trajectories of the development of regions within the federal districts, it is possible to assume the complexity of effective coordination in achieving the set goals through the system of federal districts of Russia. The macro-regions and geostrategic territories approved in the spatial development strategy, according to their territorial structure, also cannot be used to coordinate the trajectories of achieving national goals. The results obtained can be used to adjust national goals and monitor the implementation of the schedule for achieving the goals. Seven directions of further research are proposed.
Territorial Management of a Regional University: Growth Management Factors
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Tomskikh Andrey A.
Published: October 2024

The modernization of vocational education in the country has been going on for three decades. During this time, about ten major programs have been implemented only at the federal level and many projects in the regions. The most significant tasks were solved in terms of positioning the country’s vocational education system in the world. Their reflection was the world rankings. Management decisions on the development of regional universities in the country have not yet led to any significant result in solving the issue of the disproportion of the development of higher education in the “center/periphery” system. The object of the study is the territorial organization and differences of vocational education in Russia at the regional level; the subject of the study is the factors of territorial management. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of growth management factors and decision making. Research objectives are analysis of the sectoral, territorial situation and potential opportunities. Leading scientific and educational centers «continue» to draw on the main financial, human and intellectual resources, which does not contribute to the socio-economic development of peripheral regions. One of the key problems of the regional universities’ development has become a constant decrease in the number of students as a result of a shortage for the first year. For the university itself, the line is marked for the loss of scientific and pedagogical schools due to the reduction of personnel and their reproduction dynamics, and the associated further degradation as a university in its classical mission. Traditional methods of career guidance used in universities do not work properly. It is concluded that there is a need for other approaches to the organization of processes based on the formation of growth management factors – territorial clusters “school-university” and “school-university-business” in terms of creating a business environment, building social capital for students along the entire chain of interaction. The university of the future and students should be involved in the economic, socio-cultural space of the region at the modern level of interactions and processes, and not only territorially.
Use of Modern Information Systems to Improve the Quality of State Management in the Sphere of Subsoil Use
Authors:   Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS, Glazyrina Irina P. , Kalgina Irina S. ,   Transbaikal State University, Chavkin Andrey Yu. ,   Development of Information Systems "SOVA", Aslezov Yuriy A. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the article is to create information tools aimed at improving the efficiency of public and state control in the field of placer gold mining in the Transbaikal Territory through the development and application of modern information systems. The problem statement is based on the conceptual approach of institutional economics, which substantiates the importance of the factor of inclusiveness for the effectiveness of economic institutions. The relevance is due to the fact that the management and control bodies in the field of environmental management in the information cannot effectively carry out their functions without the active involvement of local residents in environmental control and decision-making procedures. The object of the study is management activity in subsurface use, in the segment of placer gold mining. The subject of the research is tools based on modern information technologies to improve the efficiency of industry regulation in the context of the interaction «state-society-ecology». A key role in improving the effectiveness of industry regulation is played by the availability of high-quality and timely information on a systematic basis. This is the task that the created network resource is designed to solve. Development languages and frameworks are used: HTML, CSS, Django, Python, PHP, SQL, MySQL, Jquery, Java, C#/C++; as well as development tool environments: PyCharm, IntelliJ IDEA, GitHub, Visual Studio Code, Visual Studio, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Android Studio, XCode. Modern means of obtaining up-to-date data are needed to improve the processes of implementing public and state control in the field of placer gold mining. An information and analytical system has been developed that will facilitate the active participation of regulatory and supervisory authorities, subsurface user enterprises, and the local population. The system will provide the possibility of entering data on the environmental obligations of the manufacturer and regular reporting on their performance; will provide information tools for monitoring, organizing constructive cooperation of the local community, business and public authorities. This is not the only, but a very important tool for coordinating environmental and economic interests, along with others that are proposed by the scientific community and public environmental organizations.
Economic Efficiency of the Implementation of Sports Student Projects in the Context of State Youth Policy
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Soloveva Marina V.
Published: October 2024

In the Russian Federation, there is a high level of interest in the formation of a healthy lifestyle among the youth and the development of student sports. The relevance of the title problem is determined by the general understanding that those states that can effectively and productively use the innovative potential of development, the main carrier of which is the youth, will have strategic advantages. The object of the study is the Student Basketball Association (SBA) of Russia as one of the priority actors in the implementation of the state youth policy in the field of sports, the subject is the effectiveness of the implementation of student sports projects (on the example of the NCAA Russia Tour basketball tournament). The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate the main indicators that affect the formation and effectiveness of the implementation of the basketball project. The task (in relation to the project of the NCAA Russia Tour basketball tournament) is to evaluate the effectiveness of the main performance indicators of the ASB. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle and the principle of comprehensiveness, complex, activity and system approaches. The solution of the task has been carried out on the basis of the application of general logical methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. Of the private scientific methods, the method of a pilot sociological survey has been used. As a result of the study, it is found that the current state problem of the development of youth sports can also be implemented through the development of profitable basketball projects. As a result of the study, the structure of the main consumers of services and participants in the ABS was established; Calculation and evaluation of the financial indicators of CSB projects are carried out, which has showed that with professional management and marketing, basketball tournaments can be profitable. The main conclusion of the study is that the development and implementation of such projects contributes to the creation of favorable conditions for physical culture and sports, the promotion of the values of a healthy lifestyle for young people, the creation of conditions for the formation of a harmonious, constantly improving, erudite, competitive personality.
Directions and trends of the digital transformation process development in the agro-food sector
Authors:   East Siberia State Technology and Management, Dugina Evdokia L. , Dorzhieva Elena V. ,   East Siberia State Technology and Management, Dugin Alexander V. ,   LCC “Mayak”,
Published: October 2024

The article considers the relevance of the problem of digital transformation development in the context of global economic changes. The issues of the agro-food sector of development are investigated, the factors hindering the digitalizations of process development of the agro-industrial complex are identified. The research uses process, structural, institutional and integrated approaches. Their advantages are shown, limitations of their use are revealed. The directions of the process of digital transformation of development in the agro-food sector are determined, in particular, the creation of a digital education system for training and retraining of personnel, the development of new digital products, innovative technologies, infrastructure, an adaptive mechanism for managing digital processes, etc. The assessment of process development in Germany, Singapore, Israel is given. The necessity of using the experience of foreign countries, taking into account the peculiarities of the development of the digitalization process in Russia, is shown. In modern conditions, ensuring technological independence, national and food security is carried out under the influence of severe turbulence of foreign policy and economic sanctions from unfriendly countries. Therefore, new digital innovative technologies of development is becoming a driver of economic growth and improving the level and quality of life of the population of many countries. The creation and implementation of new digital innovative technologies of the future will contribute to a large-scale transformation in the production and management process in the agro-food sector. The use of new opportunities of digital transformation will significantly strengthen competitive advantages in the development of the economy of enterprises, industries, regions and the country as a whole. At the same time, structural problems in the agro-food sector of the country hinder the development of the digitalization process. In solving these problems, it is advisable to use digital innovative technologies, design the development of new digital products taking into account the peculiarities of the development of the agro-food sector. This will significantly increase the volume of food production and strengthen Russia’s food independence.
American Media Coverage of the USSR Collapse: Content Analysis of Print Media (1989–1992)
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Logunov Timur A.
Published: October 2024

The article summarizes the preliminary results of studying contemporary American print media coverage of the USSR collapse. The purpose of the work is to determine the relevance of this topic not only for the American political establishment, but also for the public in general. Moreover, the use of media material is intended to complement the range of topics covered in official sources in connection with the discussion of the United States’ role in the development of political processes in the last years of the USSR’s existence and the consequences of the Soviet Union collapse for Americans. The study employs quantitative content analysis of the corpus of texts compiled on the basis of a continuous sampling by given lexical markers from the most popular US newspapers, as well as from the regional press. As a result, the frequency of distribution of materials along the time axis was revealed, indicating a relatively high, but short-term interest in the historical process in question. In addition, the main macro-topics of these texts were identified indicating the priority issues for the American reader. The most significant discussion aspects and assessments of the events in the USSR covered in the press included, firstly, the need to support the ongoing processes in the Soviet Union, which also reflects the role of the United States in the emerging relations, and secondly, the choice of partners (emerging actors) within the USSR for the further formation of policies. It is ensuring the national security of the US that determines the solution of these issues for the American audience. It is assumed that the study of media coverage can be a valuable addition to the analysis of other types of sources, both of official and personal origin, since it expands the range of views and attitudes presented.
Political Parties of the Federal Republic of Germany at the Present Stage
Authors:   Far Eastern State Transport University, Spassky Evgeny N.
Published: October 2024

The topic of the paper is research on the relationships among the political parties of the FRG after the federal election for the 20th German Bundestag (2021). The purpose of the research is to study the factors that determine the development of the German party system at the present stage. The research objectives are as follows: the analysis of the balance of forces between governing and opposition parties after the election for the Bundestag; the explication of the factors of stability and conflictogenicity within the governing coalition; the characteristic of the results of the 2022–2023 regional elections as an intermediate result of the interparty competition; and the study of the present political potential of the parliamentary opposition. The research resulted in the identification of the specific features of the interparty distribution of power during the current legislature period; the description of the scenarios within the governmental coalition as well as amongst the Parliamentary opposition; the explication of the reasons for instability and potential risks for the existing government; and the analysis of factors that stabilize the actions of the latter and ensure the government against possible disintegration or collapse. The conclusions of the research are as follows: the major domestic factor in the preservation of the governing coalition is the weakness of the SPD’s key competitor – the CDU/CSU Union – which does not allow the latter to offer a real political alternative to the government in power. The intermediate results of the activities of the governing coalition testify to the existence of a tension amongst the coalition members. This refers especially to its minority partners – Alliance 90 / The Greens and FDP which are balanced by the Social Democrats. The results of the 2022–2023 regional elections became important indicators of their political influence for the German political parties. Examining these results through the prism of competition between the “people’s parties” – CDU and SPD – leads to the conclusion that their competition proceeded with varying success. The Greens turned out to become the absolute winners of those regional elections. The political well-being of the opposition parties vary. The CDU/CSU Union is undergoing the stage of reconstruction and gradual gain in its public impact. The Alternative for Germany (AfD) is also gaining in popularity. The Left Party is undergoing a structural crisis and the ways of the crisis resolution found by the party will determine its further existence and the place within the German party system.