bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Tratado de Regularización de la Guerra firmado en 1820 entre España y Colombia: un referente del derecho internacional humanitario
Authors: Pita Pico Roger
Published: January 2021

Within the framework of the commemoration of the bicentenary of the Independence of Colombia, the objective of this paper is to analyze the treaty of regularization of the war signed in 1820 between Spaniards and Republicans and, in particular, to observe its application during the armistice phase and during the resumption of the war in the provinces of the Caribbean Coast and the provinces of Popayán and Pasto that were still in dispute. Although for various reasons the peace delegates of Spain and Colombia were never able to reach an agreement to end the war, there is no doubt that this legal instrument saved many lives and alleviated the situation of other combatants in the middle of a prolonged war of more than a decade. This treaty would be, in the end, an important reference for the later developments of the norms in the matter of international humanitarian law and, on the other hand, it would set a normative precedent for the bloody civil wars that hit Colombia throughout the 19th century.
La responsabilidad del Estado por casos de violencia doméstica
Authors: Aprile Natalia Soledad
Published: January 2021

This paper analyzes the position of the State as potentially accountable for the gender violence that occurs in the domestic sphere, that is, outside the traditional schemes established by the human rights framework, in which the State generally responds when it intervenes as a direct perpetrator. The analysis of this type of responsibility contributes to the debate on the new perspectives of administrative law, which makes it necessary to include the gender focus in the discipline to determine the State’s responsibility for not displaying diligent behavior in the prevention of gender violence.
Soberanía y cooperación internacional: análisis crítico de la llegada de tropas estadounidenses a Colombia desde la perspectiva del derecho internacional
Authors: Tello Perlaza Lina Marcela
Published: January 2021

The Governments of Colombia and the United States of America agreed that a specialized agency of the United States army would arrive in Colombia in June 2020, among other reasons, to join efforts in order to counter drug trafficking. However, the arrival of the American troops in Colombia is controversial for three main reasons: (i) the importance of the territory with regard to a state's sovereignty; (ii) the fact that the Colombian Government did not fulfil a constitutional requirement concerning the mandatory Senate authorization regarding the transit of foreign troops; (iii) the belief that the American troops are in Colombia to carry out actions against the current Venezuelan Government led by president Nicolás Maduro. This article argues that military assistance is compatible with the UN Charter if requested by a state to cope with internal matters and is carried out according to the terms and conditions previously agreed upon. Even though there are several treaties that could justify the arrival of American troops in Colombia, the lack of consent expressed by the competent authority renders illegal their presence in Colombia. Nonetheless, based on the International Court of Justice jurisprudence, the article acknowledges that it is too soon to say the agreement between Colombia and the US is invalid according to international law, since the criteria established regarding the invalidity of treaties based on consent is very strict.
Subject — Not Only Object — of Study
Authors: Anduaga Aitor
Published: January 2021

To establish a discipline implies a responsibility. Whose is it? As vascólogos (or
experts in Basque studies) and vascófilos (or scholars of the Basque language),
our first thought should be addressed to discern the Basque studies as an object of study or as
a subject of study. This distinction is fundamental. The historical review of the condition of
object and/or subject in these studies reveals a crucial feature that defines both us and the
Basque studies: our renunciation of their status of subject. This paper suggests
a double task to address this deficiency: instituting, not renouncing, Basque studies as a
subject of study; defining, not stereotyping, Basque studies as an object of study.
Assessing Udaleku 2013
Authors: Petrissans Catherine M.
Published: January 2021

One hundred Basque-American youth between the ages of nine and fifteen were interviewed at the beginning and end of a two week long Udaleku held in Bakersfield California in 2013 to determine: 1) the primary reason children attended Basque camp 2) the skills and abilities participants exhibited at the onset of Udaleku 3) the extent to which youth skills and interest in txistu, song, dance, euskara, pala, and mus changed over the course of camp, 4) the effect Udaleku had on the children’s level of Basque identity and pride 5) the children’s assessment of camp conditions, organization and instruction, and 6) the effects of gender, age, family composition, and Basque community of origin on skills, interests, identity and pride.
Economía de plataformas y COVID-19: Una mirada a las actividades de reparto, los cuidados y los servicios virtuales en España y América Latina
Authors: Arroyo Liliana , Payola Marc , Molina Erika
Published: January 2021

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha acelerado tendencias en la economía digital que no se preveían alcanzar hasta dentro de cinco o diez años, alterado nuestra cotidianeidad, fomentando desde nuevas dinámicas sociales hasta nuevos patrones de consumo, al mismo tiempo que ha supuesto un verdadero punto de inflexión en muchos ámbitos de nuestra vida personal y colectiva. Uno de los sectores que ha sufrido un impacto mayor es el de la economía digital, y, especialmente el de la economía de plataformas, tanto a nivel económico como laboral. Las plataformas digitales han iniciado un proceso de adaptación a este nuevo contexto para ajustarse a las nuevas necesidades de consumidores, empresas y trabajadores. Sin embargo, todavía existe poca información acerca de la magnitud de los impactos de la COVID-19 en la economía de plataformas y sobre las medidas que el sector está tomando para adaptarse a esta nueva realidad. Por ello el laboratorio de Digital Future Society (DFS Lab) y el laboratorio de innovación del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID Lab) han elaborado este informe en el que se recoge la voz de 34 plataformas laborales digitales que operan en España y/o en América Latina en alguno de los tres sectores analizados: los repartos, los cuidados y los servicios virtuales. Este informe presenta sus experiencias en relación con el impacto de la COVID-19 y su percepción del futuro de la economía de plataformas.
Lie Group Analysis of the Time-delayed Inviscid Burgers' Equation
Authors: Zen Lobo Jervin , Valaulikar Y. S.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we discuss group analysis of rst-order delay partial di erential equations and use it to obtain symmetries of the Invis- cid Burgers' equation with delay, its kernel and extensions of the kernel. We obtain a Lie type invariance condition for rst-order delay partial di erential equations by using Taylor's theorem for a function of several variables. We obtain the symmetries admitted by this delay partial di er- ential equation. Further, we obtain representations of analytic solutions and the reduced equations from the symmetries.
A Critical Remark - Some Fixed Point Results Using Property (E.A.)
Authors: Manro Saurabh , Chandok Sumit
Published: January 2021

The aim of this note is to point out some mistakes in some recent xed point results using property (E.A.). Also, we rectify these mistakes and improve the results.
The Phenomenon of Quenching for a Reaction-Diffusion System with Non-Linear Boundary Conditions
Authors: Nachid Halima , N'Gohisse F. , Koffi N'Guessan
Published: January 2021

We study the quenching behavior of the solution of a semi- linear reaction-diffusion system with nonlinear boundary conditions. We prove that the solution quenches in finite time and its quenching time goes to the one of the solution of the differential system. We also obtain lower and upper bounds for quenching time of the solution.
Approximation of Signals by Harmonic-Euler Triple Product Means
Authors: Sonker Smita , Sangwan Paramjeet
Published: January 2021

Our paper deals with the approximation of signals by H1.Eθ.Eθ product means of Fourier and its conjugate series. New theorems based on H1.Eθ.Eθ product summability have been established and proved under general conditions. The established theorems extend, generalize and improve various existing results on summability of Fourier series and its conjugate series.
Characterization of Product of Pseudo-Differential Operators Involving Fractional Fourier Transform
Authors: Kumar Dubey Jitendra , Kumar Pandey Pradeep , Upadhyay S. K.
Published: January 2021

Characterizations of product of generalized pseudo-differential operators associated with symbol σ(x,ξ) ∈ Sm are discussed by exploiting the fractional Fourier transform.
Star-Hurewicz Modulo an Ideal Property In Topological Spaces
Authors: Bhardwaj Manoj , Tyagi B. K. , Singh Sumit
Published: January 2021

In this paper, a class of star-Hurewicz modulo an ideal spaces is introduced and studied. For an ideal K of finite subsets of N, a characterization of weakly star-K-Hurewicz extremally disconnected spaces is given using ideal. It is shown that star-Hurewicz modulo an ideal property is hereditary under clopen subspaces. In this manner we obtained relationships of star-Hurewicz modulo an ideal property with other existing Hurewicz properties in literature.
Evaluation of the behavior, anxiety and stress of university students in the new type of coronavirus pandemic
Authors: EMRE Nilüfer , SARI Tugba
Published: January 2021

Objective: Acute respiratory disease called COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 caused a pandemic affecting the whole world. Our aim in this study is to evaluate the cleaning and social behaviors, anxiety, and stress situations of university students caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: At the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic; university students were asked questions about their socio-demographic characteristics, their cleaning, and social habits, and their level of stress about being infected for themselves and their family members and also a questionnaire was applied which includes a common anxiety disorder scale to measure anxiety levels and Impact of Events Scale to assessing traumatic stress symptoms.

Results: It was observed that handwashing behavior increased in 62.4% of 463 participants. The mean of the students' common anxiety score was determined as 3.86 ± 4.86 and 17.5% (n = 81) of all students had high anxiety. The mean scores of the impact of event scale were 14.23 ± 10.9 and the stress point average was found as 5.57 ± 2.9. Students' stress and anxieties affect their cleaning and social behaviors. In addition, when compared between student groups, anxiety, stress, and the impact of event scale and subscales were found to be significantly higher in female students and also in students of faculties other than medical students.

Conclusion: Anxiety and stress caused by infectious diseases and pandemics surrounding the world affect human behavior and society. Moreover, female students and other student groups other than medical students are most affected by these situations.
The effectiveness of favipiravir treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: A single center experience
Authors: DHEİR Hamad , YAYLACI Selcuk , SİPAHİ Savaş , ŞENOCAK Didar , TOPTAN Hande , AŞICI Neşe , DEMİRCİ Taner , TOÇOĞLU Aysel , KOCAYİGİT Havva , AYDEMİR Yusuf , SALİHİ Salih , FIRAT Necattin , KARABAY Oğuz
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of favipiravir (FVP) in severe COVID-19.

Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 142 COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia signs, who received inpatient treatment between March 15 and May 20, 2020. The patients were divided into two groups according to the use of FVP treatment; group 1 (n = 99) included patients who treated with FVP and group 2 (n = 43) who didn’t receive FVP.

Results: Mean age was 66.47 ± 11.89 in group 1, and 68.58 ± 14.78 in group 2. Forty patients (40.4%) in group 1 and 22 (51.2%) in group 2 were treated in the intensive care unit (P > 0.05). The proportion of eosinophil, tendency of increasing thrombocyte counts and eosinophil/neutrophil ratio in FVP group was significantly higher than non-FVP group (p < 0.05). In Group 1, patients had significantly reduced erythroid series, and elevated uric acid levels as side effects of FVP. With respect to complications during hospitalization, there was no significant difference among the groups for mechanical ventilator requirement, acute kidney injury, dialysis requirement, and sepsis (P > 0.05). The mortality rates in Group 1 (n = 26 [26.3%]) were lower than those in group 2 (n = 16 [37.2%]), but it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: While the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia options was limited during the initial stages of the pandemic, the FVP may be effective in severe cases. To confirm this effect, randomized controlled studies are needed in patients of all disease severities.
Cambios en los períodos fundamentales de edificaciones construidas con el gran panel soviético
Authors: Socarrás Cordoví Yamila Concepción , Álvarez-Deulofeu Eduardo Rafael , Lora-Alonso Fidel
Published: January 2021

Se detectaron, tras una inspección visual, a 200 edificios construidos con el sistema prefabricado Gran Panel Soviético en Santiago de Cuba, factores conducentes a daños sísmicos potenciales. Entre estos factores se pueden citar los daños patológicos en elementos estructurales y juntas, con niveles severos de afectación. Igualmente, transformaciones en el peso y/o la rigidez, a causa de las contravenciones de los moradores. Con el objetivo de pronosticar el comportamiento sísmico de estas edificaciones, se determinan en 7 de ellas los períodos fundamentales a través de las vibraciones ambientales. Luego, con estos resultados, empleando métodos de análisis lineal, se calibran los modelos de las edificaciones. En la calibración, se incorporan a los modelos estructurales, de forma iterativa, modificadores de rigidez a flexión. Además, se tienen en cuenta las propiedades de los materiales en base a los resultados de ensayos destructivos y no destructivos al hormigón y al acero. Tanto por vía instrumental como analítica se llegan a alcanzar valores similares de los períodos fundamentales de oscilación ante el sismo de cálculo. Se avizoran cambios en el comportamiento sísmico de estas edificaciones, como producto de incrementos de los períodos fundamentales de oscilación y al acoplamiento de las oscilaciones.
Espacio público e identidad. Tres escenarios de interpretación en la ciudad contemporánea
Authors: Bueno Carvajal Juan Manuel
Published: January 2021

Este estudio explora una aproximación conceptual sobre la identidad urbana, comprendida desde el espacio público como escenario que evidencia vínculos significativos con la ciudadanía. A partir de una categorización de distintas fuentes, se proponen tres escenarios que plantean situaciones sobre la identidad: la idea de la ciudad neutral, como tendencia hacia la estandarización y homogeneidad del espacio público en función del flujo y el movimiento que consolida una identidad global. La simulación del espacio público, que consta del fortalecimiento de experiencias de ciudad contenidas en la esfera privada a través de dinámicas de consumo y seguridad. Y el último, el enfoque desde el género y la diversidad que incluye las manifestaciones de la espacialización de la identidad a partir del uso y acceso igualitario de las personas y sectores sociales puntuales al espacio público. Como resultado, es posible establecer que estos escenarios refuerzan formas de comprender la identidad urbana, que apuntan hacia una forma más universal y menos particular en el reconocimiento de la ciudad, la implementación de sistemas y hábitos urbanos desde el control y la predictibilidad y un conflicto desde la espacialidad y los territorios que pueden dividir o por el contrario generar espacios urbanos inclusivos.
Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Newly Synthesized N,N-Disubstituted Taurinamidobenzenesulfonamide Derivatives
Authors: AKGÜL Özlem , ATEŞ Ayşegül , ERMERTCAN Şafak
Published: January 2021

Herein we synthesized 6 new N,N-disubstituted taurinamidobenzensulfonamide derivatives and characterized their structures by means of 1H and 13C NMR, HR-MS analysis. In addition, their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested against two gram-positive, two gram-negative bacteria, and two fungal strains by using broth microdilution method. Compounds 1 (methoxy substitution) and 2 (methyl substitution) displayed the best antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. E. faecalis was affected by compounds 1, 2, 4, and 6, becoming the most susceptible pathogen compared to other tested bacterial and fungal strains. Interestingly, changing fluoro atom in compound 6 with the chloro atom, as in compound 5, deteriorated the antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains. As a result, these results provide us to investigate the relationship between structural changes and antibacterial/antifungal activity, which can be further used to develop more effective taurine derivatives.
Zastosowanie technologii blockchain w łańcuchach dostaw
Authors: Brzeziński Jakub
Published: January 2021

Wyzwania technologiczne stojące przed przedsiębiorstwami funkcjonującymi w dynamicznym otoczeniu biznesowym, wymagają wdrażania coraz nowszych rozwiązań w zakresie cyfryzacji łańcuchów dostaw. Przejawem nowoczesnej technologii, która jest coraz szerzej wdrażana w globalnych łańcuchach dostaw jest blockchain. Rozwiązanie to może usprawnić wiele procesów i zoptymalizować działania organizacji. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie obszarów, w których blockchain odgrywa obecnie największą rolę oraz wskazanie przykładów i dobrych praktyk funkcjonowania tej technologii w wybranych przedsiębiorstwach.
Proces zdobywania kluczowych kompetencji wspierających wdrożenie zrównoważonego łańcucha dostaw
Authors: Kalinowski Tomasz Bartosz , Rudnicka Agata , Wieteska Grażyna , Wronka Anna
Published: January 2021

Praktyczne wdrożenie koncepcji zrównoważonego łańcucha dostaw oznacza dla firmy podjęcie wielu działań związanych z przygotowaniem, wdrożeniem i monitorowaniem planowanych przedsięwzięć. Wiąże się to z koniecznością posiadania specjalistycznej wiedzy. Edukacja na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju pozwala zrozumieć złożoność procesów i mechanizmów stojących u podstaw zrównoważonego rozwoju. Nabycie kompetencji kluczowych nie tylko dla zrozumienia tego obszaru ale i wdrażania konkretnych rozwiązań to ważny element zmiany w podejściu do zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw. Celem artykułu jest omówienie procesu zdobywania kluczowych kompetencji wspierających wdrożenie zrównoważonego łańcucha dostaw.
Zamknięta pętla łańcucha dostaw w branży spożywczej na wybranych przykładach
Authors: Kaczorowski Kamil , Rudnicka Agata
Published: January 2021

Marnowanie zasobów to jedno z kluczowych wyzwań dla współczesnego biznesu. Mając na uwadze kurczące się ilości surowców nieodnawialnych oraz wartość ekonomiczną odpadów firmy szukają rozwiązań, które umożliwiałby efektywną gospodarkę odpadami minimalizując ich ilość oraz ograniczając wielkość zużywanych zasobów. Zamknięta pętla łańcucha dostaw spełnia te kryteria. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenia koncepcji zamkniętej pętli łańcucha dostaw na wybranych przykładach z branży spożywczej
Nitric Oxide Enhances Salt Tolerance through Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Uptake in Pea
Authors: Dadasoglu Esin , Ekinci Melek , Kul Raziye , Shams Mostafakamal , Turan Metin , Yildirim Ertan
Published: January 2021

Background: Salinity is one of the environmental stress factors that restrict the crop production by endangering agricultural areas. Nitric oxide (NO) protects plants from damage caused by oxidative stress conditions in various biological ways. Methods: In this greenhouse investigation during 2018, pea plants were irrigated with three levels of NaCl (0, 50 and 100 mM) solutions. NO solutions were prepared with three different doses (0, 75 and 100 µM SNP). These solutions were applied to the seeds before sowing and then to the leaves of the pea cultivars. The study was conducted to analyze the impact of NO on growth, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient uptake in two pea cultivars under salinity conditions. Result: Salinity reduced fresh-dry weight, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll a and b content of pea. However, NO enhanced these parameters under salt stress. Salinity increased tissue electrical conductance (TEC), H2O2 and MDA content, which were decreased by combined application of NaCl and NO. Salinity caused an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in pea and NO made a significant improvement in their activities under salinity conditions. Salinity treatments decreased the ratio of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ in both cultivars, and application of NO elevated them as compared to the control under salt stress. In conclude, exogenous NO treatment could help pea to tolerate salinity stress by increasing the chlorophyll content and regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient uptake.
Correlation Analysis of Alfalfa Varieties Based on Production Performances, Winter Survival Rates and Fall Dormancies
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Yan Xiaohong , Mi Fugui , Li Hong
Published: January 2021

Selection for fall dormancy (FD) in alfalfa can impact other traits, such as dry matter yield (DMY), winter survival rate (WSR) and chemical compositions. Nine alfalfa varieties were mowed during the early flowering stage from 2015 to 2018. The results showed that the WSRs of both Zhongmu No. 2 and Caoyuan No. 3 exceeded 95% and there was a significant negative correlation between the FD rating and WSR (-0.988; P less than 0.01). The four-year average DMY of Zhongmu No. 2 was the highest (11,912 kg ha-1). The crude protein contents of Caoyuan No. 3 and Zhongmu No. 2 were both greater than 20%. Zhongmu No. 2 had the lowest acid detergent fiber (30.2%) and neutral detergent fiber (48.4%) contents as well as the highest relative feed values (126). Zhongmu No. 2, Adrenalin, Gold Empress and Caoyuan No. 3 (FD 1-4) were the optimum alfalfa varieties for planting in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
Impacto da absortância e transmitância das fachadas na eficiência energética e conforto térmico para habitação de interesse social
Authors: Cavalcanti Fernando Sa
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma discussão acerca da influência que a transmitância térmica e absortância térmica apresentam no conforto térmico e consumo de energia, caso haja a opção pelo uso de ar condicionado para promoção desta sensação em uma habitação de interesse social na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas. Atualmente há uma disseminação do pensamento para a utilização de materiais isolantes em construções de edifícios habitacionais, no entanto para climas quente e úmido, este pensamento é contestado por diversos estudos. A análise aqui realizada ocorreu com o auxílio do software EnergyPlus®, versão 9.3 para 42 configurações da edificação, com variação da Transmitância e da absortância térmicas, com o uso de ar condicionado e sem o uso deste dispositivo, para 1 ren/h, 5 ren/h e 10 ren/h. Os resultados obtidos quantificam o impacto financeiro no orçamento familiar nesta configuração de habitação, caso ocorra a opção pelo uso de ar condicionado e a influência que as propriedades analisadas apresentam no conforto térmico, com influência maior da absortância em relação à transmitância. Pretende-se então a partir desta pesquisa contribuir para a documentação e conscientização pelo uso de estratégias adequadas ao conforto térmico em condições similares às analisadas.
Différences cliniques et anatomopathologiques de deux souches du virus de la peste porcine africaine (PPA) en Angola
Authors: Nsalambi D.
Published: January 2021

La peste porcine africaine (PPA) existe à l'état enzootique en Angola. Elle est provoquée par plusieurs souches de virus dont celles de Silva-Porto et de Huambo 85. Une étude clinique et anatomopathologi que de la maladie naturelle et de l'affection expérimentale, a montré des différences significatives dans le comportement de ces deux souches. Silva-Porto engendre un tableau clinique caractérisé par une diathèse hémorragique généralisée plus accusée sur la peau, dans les organes et les viscères. De plus, les lésions anatomopathologiques sont plus intenses et plus évidentes que celles entraînées par Huambo 85. Cette différence d'intensité dans l'évolution clinique et l'hétérogénéité des lésions anatomopathologiques dépend non seulement de l'état physiologique antérieur des animaux, des susceptibilités de type ou de race, mais aussi des souches elles-mêmes et des particularités biologiques propres à chacun des virus en cause.
Lutte contre Glossina tachinoides au Bénin. Utilisation particulière de piège-pneus imprégnés de deltaméthrine
Authors: Dehoux J.P.
Published: January 2021

Cette étude a été effectuée au nord-est du Bénin au cours des saisons sèches 1992 et 1993, avec pour but de comparer l'efficacité de deux types de leurres imprégnés de deltaméthrine (les piège-pneus d'Hanotier et les écrans de Laveissière), sur Glossina tachinoides, autour de retenues d'eau servant d'abreuvoirs à du bétail taurin. Les écrans se sont révélés rapidement très efficaces (80 à 100 % de réduction des densités apparentes) tandis que l'utilisation des piège-pneus n'a pas permis de réduire significativement les populations de glossines.
Gestation et reprise de l'activité sexuelle après le part chez la brebis Djallonké, variété "Mossi"
Authors: Boly Hamidou , Koubaye A. , Viguier Martinez M.C. , Yenikoye A.
Published: January 2021

Cette étude vise à déterminer les caractéristiques physiologiques de la gestation et de la reprise de la cyclicité après le part chez la brebis Djallonké variété "Mossi" (n=52). L'observation des gestations sur 20 brebis saillies naturellement en octobre et en novembre (saison sèche et fraîche), permet d'évaluer à 149 plus ou moins 2,4 jours la durée de gestation, à 92 % le taux de fertilité, à 118 % le taux de prolificité, à 108 % le taux de fécondité et à 7,1 % le taux de resorption embryonnaire. La croissance du foetus et de ses annexes est lente durant les 2 premiers mois (< 10 g/j). A partir du troisième mois, elle s'accélère avec 27 g/j. La progestèronémie plasmatique maternelle augmente durant cette deuxième période. Sur 14 autres brebis le suivi de l'activité sexuelle après la parturition, par l'observation de la de la reprise des chaleurs pour des mises bas survenues entre décembre et janvier (saison sèche et froide), indique un intervalle d'agnelage-premier oestrus de 56,6 plus ou moins dix jours. Le suivi d'un groupe expérimental de 18 brebis placées en boxes individuels avec un niveau alimentaire variable (80, 100 et 120 % des besoins) soumises à l'allaitement pendant 4, 5 et 6 semaines montre que le délai d'apparition des chaleurs dépend à la fois de ce niveau alimentaire et de la durée de l'allaitement (P < 0,05).
Indices de primarité de chèvres au Nord Cameroun et au Tchad
Authors: Lauvergne J.J. , Bourzat Daniel , Souvenir Zafindrajaona P. , Zeuh Voumparet , Ngo Tama Anne Clarisse
Published: January 2021

Une enquête de juin 1992 sur les ressources génétiques caprines dans le cadre du Projet régional de recherches sur les petits ruminants (PRRPR, au Niger, au Cameroun et Tchad) portait sur 12 sites (5 au Nord Cameroun et 7 au Tchad). Au total 215 chèvres femelles adultes (105 au Nord Cameroun et 110 au Tchad) ont été examinées. Comme les populations après la domestication se caractérisent par une grande variabilité de l’extérieur – due à l’accumulation de mutants qui ne sont plus éliminés par la sélection naturelle que l’homme a considérablement atténuée en maintenant les animaux sous sa protection – on a utilisé ce phénomène pour mesurer le degré d’appartenance à la catégorie taxonomique appelée “population primaire”. Deux indices ont ainsi été utilisés : l’indice de primarité loci en ségrégation (IPs) et l’indice de primarité allèles au locus Agouti (IPa). Ces deux indices peuvent varier de 0 (race complètement standardisée : absence de variabilité de l’extérieur) à 1 (primarité totale, avec conservation de tous les variants accumulés depuis les débuts de la domestication).Pour IPs les estimées étaient de 0,77 au Nord Cameroun et de 0,84 au Tchad et pour IPa de 0,75 au Nord Cameroun et de 0,88 au Tchad. Des valeurs aussi élevées indiquent que, dans les deux pays, on est pratiquement en présence de populations primaires, au moins avec ce mode mesure. Ces valeurs sont fort proches de celles mesurées sur d’autres populations également considérées comme primaires, dans le Bassin méditerranéen et au Brésil [la SRD (Sem Raça Deﬁnida) du Ceará]. L’emploi de ces indices de primarité, est suggéré pour la cartographie des ressources génétiques caprines africaines, au moins dans une première phase d’approche.
Comparaison morpho-biométrique de chèvres au Nord Cameroun et au Tchad
Authors: Bourzat Daniel , Souvenir Zafindrajaona P. , Lauvergne J.J. , Zeuh Voumparet
Published: January 2021

Deux populations de chèvres femelles adultes du Nord Cameroun et du Tchad (105 animaux au Nord Cameroun et 110 au Tchad) ont été comparées en utilisant une mesure biométrique simple (la hauteur au garrot : HG) et deux mesures combinées (l'indice de gracilité (IGS) = vide sous-sternal/profondeur du thorax et l'indice auriculaire thorax (IAT) = longueur de l'oreille/ profondeur du thorax). Les trois mesures retenues sont facilement calculables, elles sont très discriminantes et peuvent être utilisées avec profit pour la cartographie des ressources génétiques caprines de cette zone de l'Afrique.
Pluviosité et productivité des herbages de l'aire pastorale de Wiidu Thiengoli au Ferlo (Nord Sénégal). Estimation des charges fréquentielles
Authors: Akpo Léonnard Elie , Grouzis Michel , Gaston André
Published: January 2021

Les caractéristiques pluviométriques et leurs influences sur la production des herbages ont été étudiées à partir de 15 années d'observation (1974-1988) autour du forage de Wiidu Thiengoli situé dans le Nord Sénégal. Les résultats font apparaître une très forte variabilité temporelle des précipitations et de la production. Un modèle simple de simulation de cette production en fonction de la pluviosité a été élaboré. Les charges fréquentielles établies à partir de cette formulation et de la série chronologique des pluies obtenues à Wiidu Thiengoli, comparées aux charges actuelles, font apparaître un déficit en disponible fourrager d'autant plus important que la période est sèche. Ce type de situation représente une menace pour les groupes pastoraux exploitant ce forage car la végétation naturelle constitue la quasi-totalité de l'alimentation des troupeaux dans ces systèmes de production.
THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF IMPLEMENTED INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH (ICF) MODEL FOR REHABILITATION TREATMENT IN SUBACROMIAL IMPINGEMENT SYNDROME
Authors: Chlebuś Ewa , Liniński Przemysław
Published: January 2021

Introduction The ICF classification describes, based on categories, functioning at the body level (disability), people (activities) and people in society (participation) taking into account the environmental factors. ICF tools were developed based on ICF Core Set for the management of the rehabilitation process. Aim This publication, based on a case study, presents a proposal for a set of categories for functional assessment of the upper limb for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome and a proposal for intervention by individual members of the rehabilitation team. Material and methods We present a retrospective study (analysis of medical records) of a 55-year-old woman hospitalized in the Out Patient Ward of the Rehabilitation Clinic because of left shoulder pain not caused by injury. The rehabilitation tretament provided to this patient included 5 patient management components : examination, evaluation, prognosis, diagnosis, and intervention using the ICF-based documentation tool. Results After rehabilitation, resting pain in the shoulder girdle (from VAS 8 to VAS 3) decreased, muscle strength increased ( from 4 to 5 on the Lovett scale) and range of movement without pain, no changes in shoulder imaging results were noted. The patient regained partial independence in self-service activities. She still had trouble performing her upper limb elevation. Conclusions The ICF classification enables effective global and specific goals of the rehabilitation program, as well as facilitates planning the intervention of individual members of the rehabilitation team. The presented case report was the first clinical study on the use of ICF in the shouldertight syndrome.
The choice of indicators influences conclusions about the educational gradient of sex-specific alcohol consumption
Authors: Schulz Florian , Wolstein Jörg , Engelhardt-Wölfler Henriette
Published: January 2021

There has been considerable public interest in reports on harmful alcohol consumption of higher educated females. This study assesses the robustness of this finding with representative German data using ten different indicators of alcohol consumption. This cross-sectional study used data of the Epidemiological Survey on Substance Abuse from 2012. 4,225 females and 3,239 males represent the German population aged 18–64. It presents ten indicators of alcohol consumption by sex and education and provides group specific means and 95 %-confidence intervals. The main results are: (1) Higher educated males and females are drinking alcohol more frequently than lower educated males and females. (2) When drinking, higher educated males and females tend to drink less alcohol than lower educated males and females. (3) Only when using an indicator for hazardous alcohol consumption with different thresholds for males and females, the results indicate a pattern that significantly exposes hazardous alcohol consumption in the group of higher educated females. Concerning the choice of indicators, this study shows that sex-specific threshold-based indicators of alcohol consumption may lead to different conclusions as the majority of other indicators.
A saúde do regente: uma revisão bibliográfica em fontes das áreas da Música e da Saúde
Authors: Geraldo Jorge Augusto Mendes , Fiorini Carlos Fernando
Published: January 2021

Este artigo trata de uma revisão bibliográfica realizada com o objetivo de reunir e avaliar de forma exploratória informações existentes na literatura científica sobre sintomas e doenças com o potencial de serem caracterizados como decorrentes do exercício da atividade de regência ou do ambiente em que ela é realizada. Uma motivação para desenvolvimento do estudo foi o fato de haver poucos dados disponíveis sobre o tema, encontrados de forma dispersa nas fontes científicas. Outra motivação foi a existência de relatos de regentes acometidos por problemas de saúde em textos biográficos e na mídia informativa. Foi realizada uma busca em bases de dados e diretamente em periódicos científicos da área da Música ou de abrangência interdisciplinar. Após a busca e organização da bibliografia levantada, foi separado para estudo um conjunto de dezesseis artigos constituído de pesquisas populacionais, estudos de caso, trabalhos teóricos e de revisão relacionados ao tema. A literatura consultada aponta índicios de comprometimento ocupacional de ordem osteomuscular e postural, vocal, auditiva, cardiovascular e psicológica relacionado à regência. Apesar do número pequeno de artigos encontrados sobre o tema, foi possível identificar algumas relações entre os sintomas e doenças citadas e características específicas da regência, indicando a necessidade de pesquisas aprofundadas sobre os aspectos abordados na literatura.
Música como ciência, ciência como música: provocações epistemológicas
Authors: Noleto Rafael Da Silva
Published: January 2021

O peso epistemológico das Ciências Musicais é aqui interpelado tendo em vista que a Música é um campo que está situado em dois regimes de conhecimento: o artístico e o científico. Se, dentro de contextos universitários de pesquisa, as Ciências Musicais se configuram como área interdisciplinar, quais são as implicações epistêmicas na relação com outros campos disciplinares? Percebe-se que, para se constituírem como área de pesquisa, diversos subcampos das Ciências Musicais recebem interferência epistêmica direta da Antropologia, Filosofia e História. Entretanto, a Música não parece ser protagonista dos grandes debates que mudam os rumos teóricos desses outros campos do saber. Com foco de análise direcionado para a Etno/Musicologia, este texto realiza uma abordagem antropológica das Ciências Musicais no intuito de sugerir caminhos possíveis para a afirmação de sua importância epistêmica num escopo mais amplo de produção do conhecimento.
Tendon Geometry Optimization Using Path Integrals
Authors: Lehrecke Jack , Osman-Letelier Juan Pablo , Schlaich Mike
Published: January 2021

The implementation of post-tensioned elements in concrete structures offers a multitude of benefits with regards to the overall structural behavior, with the efficacy of the applied tendons depending heavily on their geometry. However, the derivation of an optimal tendon geometry for
a given structure is nontrivial, requiring engineering experience or the use of complex and often computationally demanding methodologies, e.g.the use of topology optimization strategies. This paper aims to investigate the possibility for optimizing tendon geometries using a path integral
based objective function developed at the TU Berlin. For this purpose, the mathematical background is first presented to illustrate the proposed concept. Beginning with a tendon geometry optimization of a simply supported beam and progressing to more complex systems, a generalized approach
for doubly curved spatial structures will be presented.
PHOTOCATALYTIC SOLAR OXIDATION OF ACESULFAME-K. EFFECT OF INITIAL pH, CATALYST DOSE AND OXIDANT CONCENTRATION
Authors: Morales Mejía Julio César
Published: January 2021

Aqueous acesulfame-K was oxidized in a pilot solar photocatalytic reactor, equipped with a compound parabolic collector (CPC). The reactor has an area of 0.40 m2 of CPC collectors with geometrical concentration ratio of 1 and a simple mechanical configuration. The experiments of photocatalytic oxidation of acesulfame-K were performed by treating 2 L of water with an initial concentration of 15 mg/L. The photocatalyst used was P25 (Aeroxide TiO2) from Evonik. One of the goals of the research work was to find a set of conditions to efficiently remove this emerging concern pollutant. Results allowed proposing a set of reaction conditions that lead to a high removal of acesulfame-K. In addition, the experimental design allowed determining the effect of initial pH as well as the impact of initial concentrations of photocatalyst and chemical oxidant. The removal efficiency of acesulfame-K and related UV-absorbing species reached values up to 96-99 % and there was not a quantifiable amount of intermediate products (analyzed as UV absorbing species). Despite reaction time was fixed in 3 h for all the experiments, oxidation efficiencies higher than 95 % were reached at 2 h of reaction or even before.
IDENTIFICATION OF MINING RESIDUAL POLLUTANTS IN THE SONORA RIVER BASIN (NORTHWESTERN MEXICO) USING THERMOMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Barceinas Cruz Hermenegildo , Ortega Guerrero Beatriz , Martín Romero Francisco , Sedov Sergey , Ramos Pérez Daniel
Published: January 2021

In Cananea, Sonora (northwestern Mexico), occurred a spilling of 40 000 m³ of an acid solution coming from the Buenavista del Cobre mine, which reached some tributaries and the main water stream of the Sonora River basin. This study aims to evaluate magnetic properties as proxies to assess residual pollution in soils and sediments affected by this kind of events. Particularly, the study focused on the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility. Measurements of volume magnetic susceptibility vs temperatures were performed, heating samples to 700 ºC and cooling them back to room temperature. A strong increase (from three to six times the initial value) of magnetic susceptibility during heating was observed on precipitates of the acid solution dam, and on affected soils and sediments, starting at ~330 ºC, and reaching a maximum at ~430 ºC. An even stronger increase was observed during cooling. These increases are due to the transformation of iron bearing minerals (as jarosite, goethite and ferrihydrite) to ferrimagnetic iron oxides (as magnetite). Samples of non-affected soils and sediments did not exhibit this increase during heating, but a decrease at ~550 ºC related to (titano)magnetite Curie temperature, and they presented lower κ values during cooling. The transformation of these iron-bearing minerals (commonly occurring in mine wastes and acid drainage) marked by a strong κ increase during heating, can be used as an indicator of the presence of residual pollution.
Bioactivity – Symphony or Cacophony?
Authors: Darvell Brian W
Published: January 2021

In the pursuit of better treatments, the concept of a chemically-active material, responding to local conditions by causing reactions, or reacting to produce substances that are deemed beneficial, seems laudable. Ultimately, the goal appears to be to recruit natural biological processes such that a natural ‘repair’ is effected. This goal seems to be the reason for prefixing “bio-“ to many terms with a view to advertising the desire, yet without presenting evidence that it has occurred, or indeed that it is capable of occurring, relying instead on non-biological processes to justify the claims. The dogma is such that all work where local ‘responsive’ chemistry is involved must receive the label “bioactive” to legitimize and promote. Nevertheless, the primary evidence adduced is flawed, and the claim must fail. A rethink to restore scientific sense and confidence in the endeavour is essential if real progress is to be made.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA WITH MIND MAP CONCEPT IN VIDEO PROCESSING SUBJECT
Authors: Manurung Desy Cobena
Published: January 2021

This research aims to create an interactive learning media with mind map concept in Video Processing subject Method used in this research was research and development with 5 steps, (1) problem and potency analysis, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) design validation, and (5) design improvement. Media’s advisibility, which had developed,  in percentage are 89% from media expert, 92% from material expert, 85% from users (limited) and 87% from users (expanded). It can be concluded that the design of learning media is “very appropriate”.The benefits of the learning media are: (1) interactive and fun, (2) equipped with videos tutorial, (3) equipped with exercises which able to scored and able to see the correct answers.
Are the Keyboards Weightier than the Biros? The Effect of Computer-Based Testing on Students’ Achievement and Anxiety in Mathematics
Authors: AWOFALA ADENEYE OLAREWAJU
Published: January 2021

Are the keyboards weightier than the biros? This question is the focus of the present study in which the investigation of the modes of testing in mathematics (computer-based testing-CBT and paper-based testing-PBT) was carried out using mathematics achievement and mathematics anxiety as dependent measures. Through a pre-test post-test experimental research, the study tested two null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance using an independent samples t-test. The study lasted for four weeks in two Nigerian senior secondary schools. Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean mathematics achievement scores of students tested by the computer-based test and the paper-based test. Also, there was no significant difference between the mean mathematics anxiety scores of students tested by the computer-based test and the paper-based test. The implication of these results is that assessing students using the two modes showed no variations in their achievement and anxiety in mathematics. Thus, the mode of testing showed no differential effect on students’ learning outcomes in mathematics. Based on the findings of this study, government at levels in Nigeria need to put in place the enabling environment and infrastructural facilities needed for schools to benefit fully from the advantages inherent in the CBT mode of assessment.
Assessing Lecturers’ Acceptance towards Online Learning System: The Institutional Theory Perspective
Authors: Kusuma Anggraini Candra , Basori Basori , Budiyanto Cucuk Wawan
Published: January 2021

This research aims to assess the lecturers’ acceptance level in using the Online Learning System (SPADA). The institutional theory is an extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which is it analyzed variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, coercive pressure, normative pressure, mimetic pressure and behavior intention. This research used quantitative research design with survey method. Meanwhile, the sampling technique used cluster random sampling. The respondents of this research were lecturers who had applied SPADA at a state university in Central Java. In this research, the assessment of the questionnaire used the Likert scale. Besides, the tests used instrument test, classic assumption test, multiple regression analysis, and hypothesis testing by using SPSS. The result shows that from the six hypotheses that had been tested, the hypotheses of H1, H2, H3, H4 have no significant influence and the hypotheses of H5 and H6 have significant influence. It means the lecturers who have high social status are influencing others lecturers who have low social status in adopting SPADA although all variables have contribution in influencing the lecturers on behavior intention to adopt SPADA. It indicates the social factor is being attention in analyzing behavior intention in adopting technology.
Efektivitas sistem penyediaan air bersih Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) di kawasan permukiman sekitar Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta
Authors: Ulfarina Murena , Yudana Galing , Aliyah Istijabatul
Published: January 2021

Penyediaan air bersih kawasan permukiman sekitar kampus Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Surakarta dilayani oleh Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) Jurug dengan air baku berasal dari Sungai Bengawan Solo. Sistem penyediaan air bersih Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) terdiri dari lima unit yaitu unit air baku, transmisi, produksi, distribusi, dan pelayanan. Pola persebaran permukiman juga memiliki keterkaitan terhadap sistem penyediaan air bersih. Efektivitas sistem penyediaan air terbagi menjadi tiga kategori, yaitu tidak efektif, kurang efektif dan efektif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data sekunder yang didapat dari survey data ke PDAM dan BAPPPEDA Surakarta, sedangkan data primer didapat dari wawancara dan kuesioner pelanggan PDAM. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Data primer dan sekunder diolah menggunakan teknik analisis skoring, sedangkan pola persebaran permukiman dianalisis menggunakan analisis tetangga tedekat pada software ArcGIS 10.1 kemudian didapatkan pola persebaran permukiman yaitu mengelompok. Pola persebaran permukiman mengelompok mempermudah dalam pendistribusian air bersih. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa sistem penyediaan air bersih di kawasan permukiman di sekitar Kampus Kentingan UNS Surakarta kurang efektif namun sudah mendekati efektif.