bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potency of Natural Compounds in Inhaled Micro/Nanoparticle for Lung Infection Therapy
Authors: Azaria1 Shafa  . , Rosita2 Noorma . , Hariyadi Dewi Melani
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary infection is a disease-causing death worldwide that attacks the lower airway organs by various kinds of microorganisms. Antibacterial or antiviral has been used for the therapy of lung infections, but up to this point the case of resistance to drugs is still high. Therefore, to overcome this problem, it is necessary to develop new drugs, namely natural drugs. However, natural drugs have limitations (physicochemical properties and low bioavailability), so the development of inhalation natural drug delivery systems is needed. Various studies have been conducted to develop inhalation natural drug delivery systems such as microparticles, microsponges, nanoparticles, nanomicelles, etc. The use of these delivery systems has been shown to have a positive impact on the physico-chemical properties, bioavailability and antibiotic/antiviral activity of natural drugs through targeted delivery of lungs both in-vitro and in-vivo.
Development and Validation of New Stability Indicating Analytical RPHPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin and Alogliptin.
Authors: Jadhav Pravin B , Nalanda Tanvir Mansuri , Bairagi Vinod A , Ahire Sandip B
Published: October 2024

The current study focuses on developing and validating a reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for quantifying metformin HCL (MET) and alogliptin (ALO) in both dosage and bulk drug forms. ALO and MET in tablet form were determined simultaneously using an RP-HPLC technique. The Reverse Phase (Waters) C18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm; 5 µ) column, a 20-injection loop are the components of the gradient system for the RP manufactured by Agilent Technologies. In the procedure, a 50:50 volumetric combination of methanol and water (0.1% acetic acid) was used as the mobile phase at pH 4.5. The developed approach yielded retention times of 3.856 minutes for MET and 6.302 minutes for ALO. The reliability of the established technique was demonstrated in compliance with the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) standards. In general, all of the metrics including linearity, accuracy, range, and robustness, were found to be within the acceptable ranges. Consequently, the methodology was assessed to be simple, precise, cost-effective, and replicable. Hence, the analysis of MET and ALO in both bulk medication and formulated states can be regularly conducted utilising the procedures specified for the purpose of quality control.
Milk-Derived Exosomes: Innovative Nanocarriers for Enhanced Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Raghuwanshi Gaurav , Bagga Harpritkaur , Chaudhari Gunjan , Vyas Ujwal
Published: October 2024

This in-depth review examines the recently emerging field of using exosomes from milk as anticancer medication nanocarriers. It gives a summary of the most current developments, difficulties, and opportunities in this cutting-edge therapeutic strategy. Exosomes are found in many different body fluids and are considered a promising option for precision medicine due to their biocompatibility and innate cell-targeting abilities. These extracellular vesicles are nanoscale. The review commences with a comprehensive synopsis of the composition and biogenesis of exosomes derived from milk, highlighting their distinct membrane properties and capacity to transport cargo. Interestingly, these naturally occurring nanocarriers hold a variety of bioactive substances that can be precisely delivered as anticancer medications. These substances include proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Because dietary(poly) phenols are rapidly metabolized, their ability to prevent cancer is limited. Extracellular vesicles called exosomes may shield polyphenols from metabolism. Our objective was to evaluate the anticancer effects of free curcumin and resveratrol in breast cancer cell lines compared to their encapsulation in extracellular matrix derived from milk. Breast tissue was disposed of kinetically using rats. Curcumin and resveratrol were assessed using UPLC-QTOF-MS and GV-MS, respectively. Dietary polyphenols have a limited capacity to prevent cancer due to their rapid metabolism. Extracellular vesicles called exosomes may shield polyphenols from metabolism. Our goal was to assess in breast tissue. UPLC-QTOF-MS and GV-MS were used to evaluate curcumin and resveratrol, respectively. Curcumin and Resveratrol anticancer activity and bioavailability were improved by milk extracellular urea, which served as Trojan horses to get around the ABC-mediated chemoresistance of cancer cells. Exosomes derived from milk are being studied for their potential as carriers of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, emphasizing the potential benefits of personalized and precision medicine approaches to cancer treatment. The review also covers the challenges that the clinical translation of milk-derived exosome-based drug delivery systems currently faces, including scalability, standardization and safety profiles. The article's conclusion presents an optimistic view of how milk-derived exosomes will develop in the future in terms of anticancer medication delivery. The review highlights the revolutionary potential of using milk-derived exosomes, nature's nanocarriers, to advance the field toward more precise and effective cancer treatments, anticipating future advancements and emerging trends.
Impact of Drug Delivery Systems on Radiological Imaging Quality; A Comparative Analysis Through Systematic Review
Authors: Alsulimani Anas Abdulaziz , Khubrani Ali Mohammed , Alsubaie Duhaim Fahad Duhaim , Almhmadi Rami Awwad , Al Nemari Mohammed Abduallh , Alotaibi Sameer Sanideh Siraj , Alzahrani Ali Awad , Alasmari Abdulelah Mohammad Nasser , Alhusayni Arwa Hussain Saad , Almehmadi Ahmed Hamed
Published: October 2024

Background: Smart, or controlled release systems are one of the major developments in pharmacology which has the potential of improving the efficacy of a drug while reducing the toxic impact it has on the rest of the body. These systems include all the nano-technological strategies and controlled release strategies targeted at delivering drugs to the tissues.
Aim: Verify and quantify the effects of different drug delivery systems throughout the quality of radiological imaging. Thus, the study aims to determine the most useful strategies referring to the improvement of the contrast,
Method: From PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases starting from 2019 to 2024, an electronic search yielded 6858 articles, out of which only relevant English articles were considered. The search criteria included articles and reviews concerning advanced drug delivery system, while exclusion factors were low methodological quality of the studies and articles published in languages other than English. In total, 8 papers were identified that met the criteria for further qualitative analysis, which creates a reasonable and strong foundation for the synthesis of the developments in question.
Results: Evidently, progressive nanocarriers and SDDS were established to improve significantly the quality of radiological imaging over conventional DDS. Liposomes, micelles, and quantum dots, which are examples of nanocarriers, as well as SDDS, exhibited enhanced targeting precision, increased bioavailability, and enhanced contrast in imaging. However, the following drawbacks were highlighted: Toxicity of the materials, biocompatibility problems, and high costs of fabrication.
Conclusion: The current reviewed works are revealing major progresses in the drug delivery systems such as liposomes, micelles and quantum dots nanocarriers employed for the targeted and stimuli-responsive delivery of the drug molecules. Some of the key findings pointed towards the effectiveness of such microsystems in increasing drug solubility and bioavailability, reducing systemic toxicity and in overhauling therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment and other health applications.
Advancing Glaucoma Therapy by Exploring the Efficacy and Potential of Brimonidine Niosomal Gel
Authors: Rajpoot Rimjhim , Chaudhary Jitendra Singh , Tomar Vivek , Shimpi Meghna
Published: October 2024

Glaucoma is a leading cause of permanent vision loss worldwide and is characterised by progressive optic neuropathy with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) as a major risk factor. Although successful, the current therapeutic strategies are often severely limited by their need for chronic dosing, systemic side effects and poor patient compliance. Brimonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist which acts selectively, has been beneficial through its IOP-lowering effects by diminishing aqueous humor production and improving uveoscleral outflow. A novel medication delivery technology to enhance ocular bioavailability and extended drug release is brimonidine, formulated as a niosomal gel. The aim of this study is to highlight its clinical efficacy, formulation strategies and mechanism of action that significantly improved glaucoma therapy. Key studies illuminate its potential benefits in reducing dosing frequency, avoiding side effects and increasing patient compliance. Additional study and optimization required to scale-up manufacturing or ensure long-term stability. Possible future directions: combination medications and delivery systems personalized medicine possible future directions in the treatment of glaucoma might include combination medicines and personalized medicine techniques tailored to patient-specific needs. Brimonidine niosomal gel may be a new approach for glaucoma management and it can change the concept of intraocular drug delivery in the future.
Marine Bioactives in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Rana Amita , Mondal Mrityunjoy , Rana Mahendra , Pargaien Amrita Verma
Published: October 2024

The twice high incidence risk of cancer in men was the reason for over a million new cases and deaths recorded globally in 2018. The two most frequent cancer-related fatalities are lung and breast cancer. Novel therapies have been made possible by developments in immunotherapy, biology, and pharmaceutical design. Novel cancer prevention and therapy elements are being made possible by technological advancements and studies on marine natural resources. The creation of innovative anticancer medications is utilizing marine-derived natural products (MNPs). Biologically active polyketides, high molecular weight organic sugars, terpenes, bioengineered alkaloids, and marine animal peptides are some examples of these MNPs. Anticancer drugs are also developed with the help of plants, animals, invertebrates, and microbes found on land. The National Cancer Institute is exploring the potential of nutrition and food in cancer prevention despite the absence of preclinical and clinical data. Marine organisms contain bioactive compounds that have potential anticancer effects. Polyphenols, polysaccharides, and alkaloids are some of the active components found in marine species. Polyphenols, found in edible seaweeds like Palmaria palmata, can lower cancer cell division and proliferation, while polysaccharides trigger the innate immune system, causing apoptosis in pancreatic islet cancer and human leukemia cells. Alkaloids, derived from marine sources, can inhibit cancer cell development. Peptides, found in various plant species, have shown cytotoxic effects on several human cell lines, including pancreatic, breast, lung, and bladder cancers. Marine drug approval faces challenges like the possibility of a resurgence of different metabolites due to environmental conditions and limited lead compound availability.
EAntiulcer Activity of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. in Gastric Ulcers.
Authors: Dwivedi Sumeet . , Gupta Paras . , Kateja Divyansh . , . Smriti .
Published: October 2024

Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. is an ancient Indian medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of ulcers, wounds, inflammation and pain. The leaves, flowers, and roots are the most important parts that are used traditionally. In the present investigation, antiulcer screening of etOH and aqueous leaves extract was screened in ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats at the selected doses. The results thus obtained were compared with standard drugs and it was found that EATPL exhibited significant results when compared with AETPL.
Potential Benefits of Moringa oleifera for Diabetic Foot Ulcers - Future Research and Applications
Authors: Telrandhe Umesh B , Pethe Mohan M , Pimpalshende Pankaj M  Middlename
Published: October 2024

Diabetic foot ulcers are permanent scars in people with diabetes that result from nerve damage, inadequate blood flow, and infection. The ulcers not only cause significant financial burdens but also remain poorly controlled, necessitating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Moringa oleifera, or Moringa, has the potential to be more valuable in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers due to its long-standing and traditional use. Several civilizations, especially in Africa and Asia, have administered the Moringa plant for quite a long period of time, due to its medicinal values in curing wounds and infections through traditional medicine. It is precisely the extensive composition of phytochemicals, including vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, that shapes this herb's medicinal potential. Ultimately, these are elements that relate to meaningfully striking antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant impacts. The extracts of Moringa are known to carry a pharmacological potential that, importantly, contributes to wound healing. Research indicates that the herb can accelerate wound healing, lower the number of microorganisms, and promote the regeneration of damaged tissue. Some of the basic mechanisms include oxidative stress regulation, promotion of collagen formation, and mitigation of inflammatory reactions, all of which play a crucial role in the improvement of ulcer healing. In the near future, the incorporation of Moringa into treatment against diabetic foot ulcers presents substantial hope. Future studies should focus on formulation procedures to improve and understand the long-term consequences of combined applications with traditional therapies. Applying Moringa's natural healing abilities to ulcer treatment could potentially transform diabetic foot ulcers treatment into long-lasting plant-based solutions, improving patient outcomes.
Dual antiplatelet including clopidogrel and aspirin, cardiac MRI, and speckle tracking echocardiography parameters in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Amin Amr Salah , Mahmou Khaled Sayed , Mourad Mohamed Aboulfotouh , Sayed Mohsen Nasser , Dardeer Ahmed M
Published: October 2024

Coronary artery disease is the medical term for atherosclerotic coronary disease, which causes the coronary arteries to constrict and inadequately provide blood to the heart. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, & unstable angina are the three conditions that comprise acute coronary syndromes. Studied cases with STEMI have been advised to take several drugs in addition to early reperfusion treatment, such as antiplatelet & anticoagulant medications. The goal of antiplatelet medications is to stop platelets from aggregating together. Oral dual antiplatelet medication, which combines lifetime aspirin with an oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, is the main antiplatelet therapy in STEMI. Aspirin ought to be administered to all studied cases immediately following diagnosis, and a low dose of treatment should be continued indefinitely. Heart mortality and severe adverse cardiac events are strongly and independently correlated with the presence & size of scarred tissue seen by cardiac MRI. Scar transmurality measured by cardiac MRI in studied cases with healed infarcts & ventricular dysfunction predicts patient survival and functional recovery following revascularization. Patients with heart illnesses that have a history of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction may be at risk for unfavorable results based on echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac structure & function. Because speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is quick and simple to do, it can be used in acute settings as well. It can be used for further risk stratification following revascularization, before invasive coronary angiography, or in cases when a diagnosis is unclear, if available.
Effect of cephalosporin injection postoperative after cell assisted lipografting in fat survival and improving post burn scar quality
Authors: Eissa Hesham Abdelmoniem , Hassan Khaled Mohammed , El Den Ahmed Adel Nor , Mohamed Ahmed Mahrous
Published: October 2024

Scars have always been an issue, and the majority of treatments have failed to address them adequately. The biggest obstacle that plastic surgeons still face is finding an effective procedure that works for all skin types in the long run. In a non-invasive way, external volume expansion (EVE) devices use suction to mechanically stretch and stimulate tissues. Different studies have proposed various mechanisms for how stretch releases the skin, including mechanical action on individual cells, inflammation, ischemia, and soluble mediators that promote cell proliferation, adipogenesis, and most crucially, vascular remodeling. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a product made from autologous blood that is concentrated in plasma volume and contains an abundance of platelets, growth factors, and chemo/cytokines. The contents of the alpha and dense granules in PRP have the ability to provide a high concentration of growth factors to the tissues that need them. Autologous fat grafting, initially described by Neuber in 1893 and subsequently improved by Coleman, is a relatively new alternative to scar tissue removal. It is believed that autologous fat grafting improves skin quality by increasing dermal thickness and volume via stimulating the neosynthesis of collagen fibers. It is still unclear what impact autologous fat grafting has on scar tissue, despite its growing popularity in the medical field, and the use of postoperative cephalosporin is very essential for guarding against infection and losing of fat. Critics have cast doubt on its usefulness due to the fact that survival rates can range from 30% to 80% , the infection rate and loss of fat
Antibacterial and Healing Efficacy of Mangiferin-Loaded Silver Nanoparticle and Chitosan-Alginate Membrane Dressings
Authors: Khaire Manisha , Bigoniya Papiya
Published: October 2024

Mangiferin, a bioactive constituent of Mangifera indica (family Anacardiaceae), has an impressive therapeutic profile, having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties capable of possessing wound healing potential. Our investigation aims to isolate and characterize mangiferin, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and production of chitosan alginate (Cs/Alg) film dressing loaded with mangiferin Ag-NPs and assess antibacterial and wound-healing properties against infected excision and burn wounds. The isolated mangiferin was authenticated by estimating melting point, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ag-NPs were green synthesized and characterized by UV-visible, particle size, zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (%EE), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and stability study. Chitosan alginate membrane dressing was prepared by incorporating mangiferin Ag-NPs, and film thickness, pH, film weight, water intake capacity, and in-vitro drug release parameters were estimated. Among the four mangiferin Ag-NP batches, MN3 formed stable polydispersity spherical Ag-NPs with smaller particle size and high %EE. Mangiferin-loaded Cs/Alg film MN-CM4 showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) drug content, wettability, release profile, and favorable pH changes. The mangiferin Ag-NPs embedded Cs/Alg film dressing showed a significantly high antimicrobial effect against the gram-positive bacterial strain of S. aureus, commonly found in wounds. MN3 and MN-CM4 treatment showed the shortest epithelialization period and enhanced wound closure. The hydroxyproline content has significantly (p < 0.001) increased, and myeloperoxidase content was reduced by MN3 and MN-CM4 treatment. MN-CM4 treatment showed complete re-epithelialization reduced inflammatory cells with thicker and denser collagen fiber deposition. The effectiveness of the Cs/Alg film of mangiferin Ag-NPs dressing has a synergistic effect on promoting speedy wound healing. The Cs/Alg film of mangiferin Ag-NPs showed rapid wound healing against infected and burned wounds, enhanced collagen synthesis, and anti-inflammatory and antibacterial efficacy.
Examine the Effects of Atomoxtine Alone Versus Atomoxtine Combined with Risperidone at Sample of Egyptian Children Suffering from ADHD.
Authors: Hamouda MD Mohammed M. , MD Amgad Gabr , MD Ismael Sadek , MD Safaa M. Hammouda
Published: October 2024

Background: An estimated 7% of elementary school children suffer from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a mental neuro-developmental condition marked by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and lack of attention. Atomoxetine is one of the most important medications for ADHD however Risperidone has been used as a label for the treatment of ADHD. Aim: To study the Efficacy of Atomoxetine alone vs. Atomoxtine with Antipsychotic (Risperidone) in ADHD children. Subjects and Methods: 54 Egyptian children with ADHD, ranging in age from 6 to 18. They meet the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and have been receiving therapy at Al Hussian Hospital's psychiatry clinic. Conner's 2 scale was used to evaluate each patient for ADHD. Between January and June of 2024, a study was carried out on all children receiving therapy for all forms of ADHD using either Atomoxetine alone or in combination with an antipsychotic (Risperidone). Results: When Atomoxetine was administered to 27 children, it demonstrated a moderate level of efficacy in 12 of 27 patients (44.4%) for all children with ADHD, regardless of type, but it significantly improved the inattention type of ADHD in 4 from 4 patients (100%). Given to 27 children, the combination of Atomoxetine and Risperidone demonstrated a greater effect on 24 of 27 patients with (88.9%) for all ADHD children, and it showed a discernible improvement on 9 out of 9 with (100%) for ADHD hyperactivity type. Conclusion: Patients with Attention deficit variant responded well to Atomoxetine., Patients with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity variant responded well to Atomoxetine/Antipsychotic (Risperidone) combination., Patients with Hyperactivity variants show good responses to Antipsychotics (Risperidone)., All types of ADHD are responsive to Atomoxetine or Atomoxetine / Antipsychotic (Risperidone) combination, But the Atomoxetine effect is more on the Attention deficit variant than other variants, while Antipsychotic (Risperidone) is more effective on hyperactivity and aggression.
Dexmedetomidine vs. Fentanyl for Awake Fiberoptic Intubation Among Adults in Tamil Nadu - A Randomized Control Trial.
Authors: M Rasika Priya , Ganesan Arjun . , VA Sabapathy . , S Sagana .
Published: October 2024

Background: Dexmedetomidine and fentanyl are often administered medications for inducing conscious sedation, a technique employed for performing awake fibreoptic intubation. However, there is a scarcity of literature that directly compares the effects of these drugs when administered at equivalent doses. This study sought to assess the effectiveness and safety of using dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in adult patients undergoing Awake Fiberoptic Intubation (AFOI). Methodology: The current research study undertaken was a randomized controlled trial conducted among adult patients at A hospital providing specialized medical services in Salem, Tamil Nadu. There were 60 study participants, 30 participants in each group. A group received the drug dexmedetomidine 1-µg/kg while B group received fentanyl l-µg/kg intravenously. Primary outcomes measured were the efficacy of both drugs for sedation, patients’ comfort and compliance during AFOI, cough score, BP, HR, post-intubation score, and the Ramsay sedation score and SpO2 for 15 minutes intraoperatively. Results: The study found that 80% of study participants in A group had cough score below 2, compared to only 6.7% in group B. Post-intubation cooperation was also higher in group A, with 83.3% of patients showing cooperation. The Ramsay sedation score showed significant differences between the groups. Intubation length was shorter in group A, while group B experienced HR increased, SBP, and oxygen saturation. These findings highlight the importance of individualized care in patient care. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is superior to fentanyl for AFOI. Regarding the provision of heightened sedation, enhanced intubating circumstances, and increased tolerance to intubation, and greater hemodynamic stability, all within a shorter duration for intubation.
Exploring Mixed Hydrotropy Concept in HPTLC Densitometric Estimation of Telmisartan.
Authors: Sheetal Chaudhari . , Vittha Chopade . , Vasudha Bavadekar .
Published: October 2024

Analysis of the poorly water-soluble drugs most frequently carried out by using organic solvents like methanol, ethanol, chloroform, acetonitrile, and hexane. Most of them have toxic effects on humans as well as the natural ecosystem. The volatile nature of organic solvents is a major source of inaccuracy. So, the current study provides the best approach to replace organic solvents as hydrotropic solubilization techniques and developed a green, eco-friendly method to estimate telmisartan by highperformance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Using silica gel coated (60 F254) TLC plates, chromatographic separation was achieved with a mobile phase 30% Sodium Benzoate (SB): 20% sodium acetate (SA): 0.5% citric acid (CA) (6:3:0.5 v/v/v). The retention factor for telmisartan was 0.55. Concentrations were linear in between 500 to 900 µg/mL with a regression coefficient was 0.9930. This approach was successfully validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization and it exhibits satisfactory results for all parameters. The developed approach is capable of being used to conduct routine evaluations of telmisartan in bulk and marketed formulation.
In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis Of Anti-Alzheimer’s Compounds From Methanolic Extraction Of Indigofera Prostrta And Lantana Camara Against Alzheimer’s As A Potential Natural Lead Molecule For New Drug Design.
Authors: Injeti Neelam . , Gubbiyappa Kumar Shiva
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s malady (Advertisement) is neurodegenerative disarranges that have developed as among the genuine wellbeing issues of the 21st century. The drugs as of now accessible to treat Advertisement have restricted adequacy and are related with side impacts. Characteristic items are one of the foremost imperative and traditionalist sources of solutions for treating neurological issues. To assess the neuroprotective impact of MELC, MEIP in silico ponders beginning with atomic docking against Throb (PDB ID: 3LII) targets for Advertisement was conducted utilizing Auto Dock 4.1 and Molegro Virtual Docker computer program. The docking scores (kcal/mol) appeared comparatively higher strength against Advertisement related targets than right now utilized standard drugs. By and large, the potential official partiality from atomic docking, inactive thermodynamics include from MD-simulation and other multiparametric drug-ability profiles propose that MELC and MEIP may well be considered as a reasonable helpful lead for Advertisement treatment. Besides, the show comes about were unequivocally connected with the prior think about on MELC and MEIP an Alzheimer’s creature show. Be that as it may, fundamental in vivo thinks about, clinical trials, bioavailability, porousness and secure dosage organization, etc. must be required to utilize MELC and MEIP as a potential sedate against Advertisement treatment, where the in silico comes about are more supportive to quicken the sedate improvement.
Comparative Investigation of Punica granatum L. Phytochemical Analysis and In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity Screening Using Roots Samples from Urban and Rural Areas Uses Five Different Solvent Extracts .
Authors: Ashwini V Naga , M Revathi . , Manjunathan J .
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial, fungal, and bacterial infections in the human body are the causes of foodborne, waterborne, and airborne illnesses as well as those that arise naturally. Because nosocomial usage increases the presence of both complex and non-complicated microorganisms, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are most common, especially in women. Antibiotics are an amazing tool in the fight against infections; the WHO survey 2022(1) noted that microbial and fungal infections account for 1.5 billion deaths worldwide. The production of natural remedies is becoming a serious concern and is progressing quickly as well. Many phytochemical compounds from flora could be used to treat these infections based on the effect of the respective integrated organism’s host defense efficacy. The therapeutic or pathogen-resistant capacity of the phytochemicals under different chemical classes may reverse and control the antibiotic resistance of resistant pathogens. The aim of the study is to find the roots of Punica granatum L from the urban and rural regions to find the phytochemical efficacy from extracts like petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, carbinol and aqueous. It revealed that a high yield of pharmacological compounds is from a rural sample’s carbinol extract. Quantitative analysis showed the presence of high amounts of majorly anti-cancerous agents in high peaks from rural samples. Using the well diffusion method, in-vitro antimicrobial activity was determined. Against their negative controls, the inhibition activity of Escherichia coli showed a 22 mm inhibition zone from the ethanol extract, Staphylococcus aureus showed a 21 mm inhibition zone, and fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans and Candida krusei showed a 21 mm maximum inhibition zone from the carbinol extracts.
Evaluation of Standardization Parameters for Asthi Sandhanak Lepa an Ayurvedic Formulation .
Authors: Srivastava Yashi . , Daniel Kratika .
Published: October 2024

Asthi Sandhanak Lepa is an Ayurvedic Formulation widely used in the form of herbal paste to treat fractures and dislocations and is applied externally for the treatment of the same. The formulation is also used to reduce pain and inflammation. In the present investigation, various standardization parameters, viz., morphological studies, physical characters and physicochemical studies of the raw material/herbs that are used in the preparation of ayurvedic formulation, were studied.
Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts: Insights into Potential Therapeutic Applications .
Authors: O Mullaikodi . , M Komala
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the phytochemical composition and in-vitro antioxidant activities of various extracts such as Boswellia serrate (Bs), Zingiber officinale (Zs), Tribulus terrestris (Tt), Camellia sinensis (Cs), Withania somnifera (Ws), and Piper longum (Pl). Using soxhlet extraction, the plants were processed with various solvents, including n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, and water. Phytochemical screening revealed a diverse range of compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, varying by extract. The antioxidant activities were assessed using superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, and lipid peroxidation assays. The hydroalcoholic extract of C. sinensis exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with significant superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging capabilities. T. terrestris and W. somnifera also demonstrated strong antioxidant properties, aligning with their traditional medicinal uses. Moderate activity was observed in P. longum, attributed to its bioactive compound, piperine. Meanwhile, B. serrata and Z. officinale showed lower antioxidant activities but are noted for their anti-inflammatory benefits. This research corroborates previous findings on the antioxidant potential of these plants, highlighting the importance of further investigations into their pharmacological applications. The study underscores the therapeutic potential of these extracts in oxidative stress-related conditions and supports their continued exploration in modern medicine.
Evaluation of Immediate Release Tri-Layer Tablets for Analgesic and Antiulcer Properties in Experimental Animals.
Authors: V Karthikeyan . , Soni Rupesh .
Published: October 2024

Using animals as a test subject, we aimed to determine whether tri-layer tablets filled with ibuprofen and ranitidine had any effect on pain or ulcers. The effectiveness against ulcers caused by acetic acid and cold stress was tested. Six rats made up each of the four groups that were randomly assigned. As a control, I was given a solvent and placed in the group. The second group served as the control, while groups III and IV were used to evaluate 100 mg and 200 mg tri-layer tablets, respectively. The oral gavage method was used to administer all medications. It was shown that the number of writhing was 5.12 in the T2 group compared to the control group, indicating a decrease in the medication-treated groups. The heated technique demonstrated the substantial analgesic activity of the medication under examination. After 120 minutes, the drug-treated groups had a latency time that was 9.8 seconds longer than the control group. Treatment with the experimental medicine lowered the ulcer index in an ulcer model generated by acetic acid. T2 had a value that was 0.43 lower than the control group. T2 group showed a significant reduction in ulcer index to 0.33 in ulcers generated by cold restraint stress. This study provides support for the use of multilayered tablets in the treatment of pain and ulcer disorders, since it demonstrated the analgesic and antiulcer benefits of the test medicine in animal models. More studies to determine the exact mechanism are necessary.
Advanced, Cutting-Edge RP-HPLC Methodology for the Comprehensive Quantitative Analysis of Assay of Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide in Co-Formulated Pharmaceutical Products.
Authors: Mehetre Nitin , Singh Inderbir .
Published: October 2024

In the current study, a simple and economic stability-indicating RP-HPLC method development and validation was carried out to estimate the bictegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir from the pharmaceutical dosage form. 0.1M ammonium acetate in 0.5% v/v acetic acid solution and 1g of 1-octane sulfonic acid and adjustment of pH to 4.2 with dilute orthophosphoric acid done and methanol (40:60 v/v) was utilized as the mobile phase. The analysis was done using Inertsil ODS 3V (250 x 4.6 mm x 5 µm) column with column temperature kept at 30°C with an injection volume of 20 μL, flow rate of 1.0 ml/ minute and detection was carried out at 260 nm. The method was developed and it was validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The RT of bictegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir were determined to be 12.23, 3.0 and 8.5 minutes, providing a reliable marker for its identification. The method was found linear from about 50 To 150% Of the target concentration of bictegravir emtricitabine and tenofovir with of 0.999. Significant degradation was observed in acidic, basic and peroxide stress conditions. Hence, it can be concluded that tablets are sensitive to acidic, basic and oxidation stress conditions. RSD for the peak area responses of emtricitabine, 0.03 and 0.03, respectively, indicating that the system is precise. The testing procedure was accurate from about 50 to 150%. Of the target concentration of emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide and bictegravir. The method was robust In relation to flow variation, column oven temperature variation, mobile phase variation and pH variation. In conclusion, our proposed RP-HPLC method provides a sensitive, accurate, and precise means of analyzing emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide and bictegravir from pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Innovative Proniosomal Formulation of Cilnidipine, Optimization and InDepth Characterization.
Authors: Ashwini J . , Bakshi Vasudha .
Published: October 2024

This study aims to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of cilnidipine as a dual L/N-type calcium channel blocker for hypertension using proniosomes. Proniosomes are dry powders that turn into niosomes when they come into contact with water, improving drug encapsulation and stability. Different concentrations of Span-60, cholesterol, and sorbitol were tested in the Box-Behnken design. The entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, thermal characteristics, crystalline structure and in-vitro drug release were evaluated for 17 formulations. Entrance effectivity was highest in F3 at 71.83%, while a controlled released rate of over 85.28% was observed within 12 hours. The median particle size showed a moderate stability of -11.2 mV with zeta potentials indicating this fact (902.7 nm). When, cilnidipine was inserted into proniosome systems, considerable changes occurred both thermally and crystallinity-wise according to DSC as well as XRD measurements were taken during an experiment where various mathematical models showed first-order kinetics dominated among other processes involved in drug release along Higuchi’s Equation.
A Clinical Prospective Randomised Comparative Study Of Ultrasound Guided Bilateral Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block And Port Site Infiltration With Bupivacaine For Post-Operative Analgesia In Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
Authors: N Viswa Abhishek , M Sunitha . , Hugar Khajabanu Y , P Sreedhar . , Padma Sneha .
Published: October 2024

Background: Post-operative pain management is critical in laparoscopic cholecystectomy to enhance patient recovery and satisfaction. This study compares the efficacy of ultrasound-guided bilateral subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and port site infiltration with bupivacaine for post-operative analgesia. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, comparative study, 60(30/30) patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group A received an ultrasound-guided bilateral subcostal TAP block with 0.25% bupivacaine (20 ml on each side), while Group B received port site infiltration with 0.25% bupivacaine (5 ml per port). The primary outcome was the duration of post-operative analgesia, assessed by the time to first rescue analgesic request. Secondary outcomes included total analgesic consumption in the first 24 hours post-operatively, pain intensity measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours, and any complications related to the procedures. Results: The TAP block group (Group A) demonstrated a significantly longer duration of analgesia compared to the port site infiltration group (Group B) (p < 0.05). Group A also exhibited lower total analgesic consumption and lower VAS scores at all time points. No significant complications were observed in either group. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided bilateral subcostal TAP block with bupivacaine provides superior post-operative analgesia compared to port site infiltration in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with a longer duration of pain relief and reduced analgesic requirements. This technique should be considered a viable option for enhancing post-operative recovery in these patients.
Antidiabetic activity and Safety evaluation of Triticum aestivum (wheatgrass) extract in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats model.
Authors: Pethe Mohan M. , Rapelliwar Anil . , Varma Sushil K , Singh Pawan . , Telrandhe Umesh B
Published: October 2024

Triticum aestivum (wheatgrasses) extract was studied for antidiabetic activity using alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Triticum aestivum at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg showed significant antidiabetic activity; it effected profound reductions in blood glucose over 28 days, especially the higher doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, which were more effective than Glibenclamide. At 2000 mg/kg, the extract did not lower the blood glucose of normoglycemic rats- an indication of its safety and lack of hypoglycemic responses under non-diabetic conditions. It would appear that the antidiabetic activity of Triticum aestivum is through the protection and regeneration of beta cells that enhance insulin secretion, which in turn increases the utilization of glucose and normalizes carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. This gradual lowering of blood glucose levels brought on by Triticum aestivum is clinically highly desired. The elicited antidepressant effect of Triticum aestivum was very likely due to its antioxidant effects and beta-cell regeneration activity. Thus, Triticum aestivum can meet the demand for a nontoxic, safe alternative to orthodox antidiabetic agents. Triticum aestivum, antidiabetic activity, alloxan-induced diabetes, insulin secretion, beta-cell regeneration, glucose metabolism, safety, and Glibenclamide.
Simultaneous Estimation of Monoterpenes (Eugenol, Eucalyptol And R-Limonene) by HPTLC Densitometric Method and Its Validation .
Authors: P Singh . , SK Yadav , MK Gupta . , S Sardana .
Published: October 2024

Plant-derived monoterpenes have various pharmacological applications, but the problem lies with their detection and estimation. Hence, it is crucial to develop a robust technique to overcome this problem. This work was aimed at developing a swift, accurate and reproducible technique for the simultaneous detection of three monoterpenes, namely, eugenol, eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), and R-limonene, using the high-performance thin-layer chromatography technique, as per ICH guidelines. The best results were obtained in the eluent mixture prepared by using hexane: toluene: ethyl acetate (6:3:1, v/v/v), and silica gelcoated aluminum TLC plates 60F254 as a stationary phase that produced very sharp and well-resolved symmetrical peaks for eugenol, eucalyptol, and R-limonene at Rf values of 0.47 ± 0.03, 0.56 ± 0.03, and 0.71 ± 0.03, respectively. The linear range for eugenol, eucalyptol, and R-limonene was 1 to 15 ng/spot (r2 = 0.9906), 100 to 600 ng/spot (r2 = 0.99625), 50 to 300 ng/ spot (r2 = 0.9873), respectively. Furthermore, the LoD and LoQ values for eugenol were obtained at 0.0129 and 0.0391 ng/spot, followed by eucalyptol (0.82 and 2.48 ng/spot) and R-limonene (0.594 and 1.8 ng/spot), respectively. To the best knowledge, we are the first to report a quick and reproducible HPTLC technique for the simultaneous determination of eugenol, eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), and R-limonene. This method can further be used for the quantification of these secondary metabolites in plant extracts, enriched fractions, and pharmaceutical formulations.
Formulation and Optimization of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Zidovudine.
Authors: Yadav Somdutt . , Kalra Naresh . , Arora Pankaj .
Published: October 2024

Fast-dissolving tablets (FDTs) have emerged as a prominent alternative to conventional oral dosage forms, particularly for drugs requiring rapid onset of action. This study aims to formulate and optimize fast-dissolving tablets of zidovudine, an antiretroviral medication used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The primary objective was to enhance patient compliance by ensuring the tablet disintegrates and dissolves quickly in the oral cavity without the need for water. Using various superdisintegrants like sodium starch glycolate and cross-carmellose sodium into, multiple formulations were prepared. The optimized formulation was evaluated based on pre-compression and post-compression parameters, including hardness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution profile, and drug content uniformity. The study found that the incorporation of superdisintegrants significantly improved the dissolution rate of zidovudine, thus offering a promising approach for patients with swallowing difficulties and ensuring better therapeutic efficacy.
Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Posaconazole Assay Using QbD Approach.
Authors: Diksha Vibhute . , Anant Deshpande . , Shinde Komal . , Wankhede Priyanka .
Published: October 2024

The development and optimization of analytical techniques utilizing the quality by design methodology is essential in the pharmaceutical industry. This approach helps in the direction of identifying and optimizing critical parameters during drug development and assesses their impact on key quality attributes. A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for quantifying posaconazole in bulk and tablet forms utilizing the quality-by-design approach. The Box-Behnken design optimized buffer flow rate, organic modifier percentage, and temperature, affecting retention time, theoretical plate count, and symmetry factor. Chromatography was performed on a Symmetry C18 column with a mobile phase of 0.01N potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile (57.4:42.6% v/v), at a flow rate of 1.11 mL/min, detection at 220 nm, and column temperature of 30°C. Posaconazole’s retention time was 3.663 minutes, with precise, accurate, and linear signals (R² = 0.999). The method is simple, fast, cost-effective, and ideal for routine quality control.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antidiabetic Evaluation of N-((5-(3- chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) carbamothioyl) Benzamide Derivatives.
Authors: Kenoosh Hadeel Ahmed , D P Anto Emmanuel , Bhat Ramesh S , Nayak Janardhana . , D’souza Alphonsus . , R Arun Kumar
Published: October 2024

A series of novel N-((5-(3-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) carbamothioyl) benzamide derivatives (2a-2h) were synthesized and characterized for their potential antidiabetic properties. The synthesis involved multi-step reactions starting from 3-chloro-4-nitrobenzoic acid, and the final compounds were purified by recrystallization. The structures were confirmed using melting points, TLC, FTIR, 1 H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS. In-silico pharmacokinetic analysis using SwissADME indicated favorable drug-likeness properties for the synthesized compounds, particularly those with electron-withdrawing substituents. In-vitro assays demonstrated significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, with compounds 2a, 2g, and 2h showing the highest potency (IC50 values: 23.19-28.61 µM for α-amylase and 23.25-28.25 µM for α-glucosidase), comparable to the standard drug acarbose. The presence of electron-withdrawing groups enhanced the inhibitory effects, while electron-donating groups reduced efficacy. These findings suggest that the synthesized compounds, particularly 2a, 2g, and 2h, hold promise as effective antidiabetic agents.
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could be a Future in Biomedicine.
Authors: Prasad Utkarsh . , Ingle Rahul G , Sonwane Sandip M
Published: October 2024

The discovery of mAbs has fundamentally changed the field of biomedicine by offering precise treatment options for a variety of illnesses, including autoimmune disorders and cancer. Future developments in the state of affairs and breakthroughs in mAbs in the multidisciplinary fields of biomedicine were explored. We begin by reviewing the developments in mAb technology, the production of fully human antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, all of which have greatly increased the potency and specificity of their therapeutic effects. Next are the latest developments in mAb engineering, such as the use of AI in antibody discovery and optimization and the development of novel delivery systems that maximize bioavailability while minimizing side effects. The most recent developments in clinical practice and scientific research that will boost the therapeutic potential of mAbs for many applications, including rare diseases and personalized medicine, are also reviewed. In summary, the present research highlights the difficulties that the discipline faces due to large run-costs and the need for new methods. While not providing a comprehensive overview of this ever-evolving topic, the study does offer enough information to understand how mAbs in biomedicine could impact the development of novel treatment techniques in the future.