bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Approaches in Higher Education Development
Authors: Shafer Andrew Aaron
Published: December 2015

Effective approaches in higher education development will look at a variety of topics ranging from corporate and foundation relations, to alumni participation, the importance of online giving, campaigns, top advancement trends in higher education, and the ever-critical cultivation of major and mega gifts. The education of a constituency about the importance of private gifts to both public and private institutions cannot be overstated as well given that tuition costs soar yet prospective students, parents, and boards continue to fight for the value proposition. After reading, reviewing, and studying this chapter, faculty, students, and professionals alike will have surveyed knowledge of effective approach in higher education development and will have a greater appreciation for the work that development staff encounter every day. The objective of this book “to explore contemporary and future philanthropy approaches and development theory in international higher education,” will certainly be enhanced exponentially by the thorough and useful information presented.
Media Literacy Organizations
Authors: Mahajan Iram Mukhtar , Rather Mudasir , Shafiq Huma , Qadri Uzma
Published: December 2015

Media Literacy is reckoned as an integral part of learning innovations in modern day technology enabled learning domains. In order to facilitate the information handling and interaction procedures, essence of media literacy cannot be underestimated. Many Organizations and institutions in different setups play a significant role in inculcating media literacy among the citizens of a nation. These organizations are carrying out initiatives for facilitating critical thinking, awareness about different media setups to different stakeholders in both real and virtual environments. They provide user-friendly tools for facilitating educators, researchers, policy makers, young media makers, and students to find the information they are looking for in a timely and organized manner. This chapter attempts to explore, identify and analyze various such organizations that facilitate media literacy in different settings.
Media Ecology and the 21st Century Classroom
Authors: Cline Benjamin J.
Published: December 2015

This chapter will use media ecology theory to examine educational technology and provide tools for educators to think critically about how to positively affect the learning climate through media choices. In order to do this, the chapter will provide an overview of media ecology theory and explain how media can be studied as environments. Next the chapter will look at several educational trends which are having a media ecological impact in current education. Specifically, the chapter will consider online, hybrid and flipped classrooms as part of the educational media ecology. Next the chapter will examine several emerging media technologies which are poised to have an intense media ecological impact on education. Finally, the chapter will provide researchers and educators with a few specific guidelines to use media ecology in order to think critically about decisions regarding educational media in the classroom.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets-Based Method for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making
Authors: Joshi Bhagawati P. , Kumar Sanjay
Published: December 2015

In this study, the familiarity or expertise of the experts with the evaluation areas (called confidence levels) is also incorporated in the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) process under intuitionistic fuzzy environment, i.e. two types of information is involved: one is the performance of the evaluation objects under intuitionistic fuzzy environment and other is the familiarity or expertise with the evaluation areas. In this direction recently, Yu (2014) proposed some operators to aggregate the two types information described above effectively. In this paper, the weighted confidence level is used instead of simply confidence levels as used by Yu (2014) to enhance MCDM method under intuitionistic fuzzy environment. So, two operators such as intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging operator under weighted confidence level (IFWAOUWCL) and intuitionistic fuzzy weighted geometric operator under weighted confidence level (IFWGOUWCL) are introduced to aggregate the two types of information. Finally, the presented technique is implemented effectively to a real life problem of supply selection.
Scenario Planning
Authors: Boyonas Mark Ismael , Olavarria Luis , Saenz Maria Jesus
Published: December 2015

A crystal ball methodology that foresees the future is probably one of the most sought-after tools by any organization operating in this ever-changing world. The ability to correctly navigate through uncertainties and drastic changes in the external environment is found to be limited when an inward perspective of the company is utilized. The measurement of performance indicator and the mining of usable information in a sea of big data, among other approaches, may provide limited results in guiding the company towards choosing effective strategic decisions that will sustain the company in the future. This chapter is an effort to pursue an alternative perspective in planning by using Scenario Planning, a group thinking process that encourages knowledge exchange and development of mutual deeper understanding of central issues important to the future of an organization. Applying Scenario Planning framework, a structured approach is elaborated to describe a replicable methodology for sensing critical uncertainties in the external environment. These uncertainties are then utilized as the foundations for creating scenarios, which are attempts at vivid visualizations of how the future may look like. In this research, the effectiveness of the methodology has been demonstrated on the supply chain of Clariant, a Specialty Chemicals Company headquartered in Switzerland, by developing three scenarios that are sample representations of a whole range of plausible futures. These scenarios are differentiated by combinations of high and low conditions of the three critical uncertainties identified: (1) Emergence of trading blocks, (2) Changing consumer needs/behavior, and (3) Changes in logistics infrastructure. These critical uncertainties are also used to further design a new breed of indicators that are used as ground-sensors to monitor which direction the future is heading to. In addition, Scenario Planning also provides a fertile platform on which organizational learning can organically grow. The steps used in the methodology forces users of the scenarios to challenge existing mental models resulting to a wider perspective and appreciation of the dynamics that surround and impact an organization in the future.
Indian Handicraft and Globalization
Authors: Srivastav Gaurav , Rawat Pankaj Singh
Published: December 2015

Globalization has made the whole world one compartment and makes a single village a global village. Indian handicraft products have great opportunities both in the domestic and international markets. Main products of handicrafts consist of art metal wares, embroidered and crocheted goods, shawls and art wares, and Zari goods, woods wares, hand printed textiles and imitation jewelry. Indian Handicrafts, which constitutes a significant segment of the decentralized sector of the economy, its export has reached at a commendable height. Indian folk art and crafts which are the integral parts of the Indian culture and tradition are in high demand among the western consumers. A lot of manufacturing units are established in rural and small towns, which generate employment for a million of artisans. Indian exports are showing a growing trend. Like every coin has two sides, globalization is not separate from this point it also not only have positive impact on artisans industry but there are some negative consequences too on which this chapter is trying to put some light.
Effective Management of Agro-Industrial Residues as Composting in Mushroom Industry and Utilization of Spent Mushroom Substrate for Bioremediation
Authors: Singh Rajender , Chauhan Mamta
Published: December 2015

Different types of edible mushrooms like Agaricus, bisporus, A. bitoriqus, Pleurotus spp., Volvariella volvacea, Lentinula edodes, Calocybe indica, Flamullina, Ganoderma lucidum etc. are cultivated in industrial scale. Majority of edible fungi secretes extracellular Ligninocellulolytic enzymes like Laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, cellulase etc. for effective conversion of ligninocellulolytic substrate to compositing form which led to fruiting of mushrooms. Consequently, an adequate disposal method is needed for the high quantities of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) generated in this agro-food industrial activity. On the other side, textile industry among the largest water consuming industries in the world and approximately, 10,000 different dyes and pigments are used at industrial scale. It is estimated that nearly 40% of the total dyes used in the dyeing process may find their way in wastewater. So, there is an attempt to utilize the ligninolytic enzymes rich SMS of different mushroom for efficiently biodegradation of textile wastewater & polyaromatic pollutants.
Advances in Bioremediation for Removal of Toxic Dye from Different Streams of Wastewater
Authors: Banerjee Priya , Mukhopadhayay Aniruddha , Das Papita
Published: December 2015

Azo dyes are used in abundance in several industries like textile, printing, paper, plastic, cosmetics, paints, etc. Extensive discharge of such dyes in adjacent water bodies has raised much environmental concern. Azo dyes are toxic to living organisms and their genotoxic and carcinogenic potentials are intensified on being released as mixtures. In the recent years, various microorganisms have been isolated and reported to possess tremendous potential for efficient dye degradation. However, the process of bioremediation is highly controlled by experimental factors like effluent pH, temperature and concentration of dyes in solution. Therefore, appropriate optimization of these factors is to be determined in order to ensure maximum efficiency of this process. This review highlights application of immobilization techniques of bacterial cells for achievement of successful biodegradation. In this study, the existing problems of dye pollution and possible improvisations for obtaining enhanced bioremediation of dyes have also been discussed.
Standardization Commercial Strategy
Authors: Pierce Justin
Published: December 2015

This contribution offers an overview of recent developments in European Union antitrust regulation of single-firm strategies in standardization. The law has moved cuttingly towards a rigid enforcement model securing the foundations and future benefits of standardization. There remains a paradoxical gap between effective single-firm strategy and antitrust enforcement. Whereas firms are maximizing their strategies to a position of strength and maximum security within standardization, the law is acting is suspicious of such activities. The law currently applied to standardization strategies and especially those that involve essential intellectual property represents a strong warning to firms strategizing in t field of standardization. In the main the law has focused on single-firm strategies and largely on the exclusion by a dominant firm of rivals from access to or use of essential technologies protected by intellectual property. This contribution reviews the antitrust repercussions for single-firms in standardization activities under EU antitrust rules.
Standardization of Information and Financial Innovation
Authors: Kaniadakis Antonios
Published: December 2015

Mortgage securitization markets emerged as an extension of the primary mortgage lending markets. This created the need for standardization of information across these two contexts that would enable a collective and universal understanding of credit risk and its management. The securitization industry, however, instead of developing standardization management strategies that would support this vision, it rather chose to implement an organizing vision that was centered around operational efficiency and profit-making supported by a focus on functional specialization. The outcome was the fragmentation of the securitization supply chain via vertical disintegration, which undermined the unity of the risk analysis process. This chapter argues that the effects of technological standardization on innovation in the mortgage industry should be explored beyond a narrow focus on efficiency and profit in relation to an individual organization's business strategy; but rather within an extended scope that includes broader social and policy contexts that guide innovation.
Predatory Strategies in Standards Wars
Authors: Egyedi Tineke Mirjam , Hommels Anique
Published: December 2015

In standards wars, FUD (Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt) is sometimes created to weaken the opponent's market position. Little is known about these strategies, their use in committee standardization settings and how to respond to them. This chapter explores this phenomenon. It (1) identifies various FUD strategies, (2) their context of emergence, and (3) their effect on the dynamics of a standards war in a historical case study: the European standards war on digital mobile radio communication in the 1990s. The study highlights the need to distinguish ‘FUD as perceived' from ‘FUD as intended'. FUD strategies and case-specific characteristics of their emergence are illustrated. The chapter shows that perceived FUD polarizes and entrenches positions of warring parties thereby affecting the course of the standards war. The authors conclude that, given its impact, reflection by corporate standardization managers on (perceived) FUD, preclusion, counter-strategies and the downscaling of standards wars is warranted.
Physical constraints in the deep hypolimnion of a subalpine lake driving planktonic Bacteria and Archaea distribution
Authors: Bertoni Roberto , Ambrosetti Walter , Callieri Cristiana
Published: December 2015

The study of the hydrodynamics of the hypolimnion of a deep holo-oligomictic lake (Lake Maggiore, Northern Italy, zmax¼370 m) during the last 28 years showed that hypolimnetic waters remained isolated, not exchanging with the mixing zone even in winter when the full overturn conditions are most likely. The thickness of the isolated layer can range from 100 to 300 m. Thus, water masses of variable size reside in the lake for many years, and their physical and chemical conditions remain relatively unaffected by seasonal variability and epilimnetic imputs. In the hypolimnetic waters prokaryote abundance is three times lower than in the mixing layer but cell size is significantly higher. In addition, the relative abundance of Archaea and Crenarchaeota increases with depth in respect to that of Bacteria. The heterogeneous distribution of the two domains within the habitat can be attributed to the existence in the same environment of isolated water masses.
Recent advances in the Mediterranean researches on zooplankton: from spatial–temporal patterns of distribution to processes oriented studies
Authors: Fonda Umani Serena , Monti Marina , Minutoli Roberta , Guglielmo Letterio
Published: December 2015

In this review we focus on research performed by Italian scientists on pelagic communities, from microzooplankton to micronekton, mainly in the Italian Seas. We considered published data, mostly as grey literature, and unpublished ones. Firstly we describe data collected over a time span of more than 30 years, during several cruises all around the Italian peninsula on zooplankton composition and distribution. We identified rare vs. common species, which enhanced biodiversity of the pelagic ecosystem. Time series, some also very long, allowed us to describe seasonal recurrent patterns, interannual fluctuations and recent shifts driven by climatic changes. More recently Italian researches were processes oriented and we analyzed results obtained on the impact of predation of both micro- and mesozooplankton on both autotrophic and heterotrophic preys. Carbon fluxes through zooplankton components were variable in space and time, but accounted for important phytoplankton losses, and when this resource became scarce they relied on heterotrophic production. Through respiration measurements of mesozooplankton another aspect of the C flux was estimated showing an increase in C demand in the most oligotrophic area. Egg production by copepods appeared to be mostly controlled by temperature and quantity/quality of available food.
Increased diversity of sessile epibenthos at subtidal hydrothermal vents: seven hypotheses based on observations at Milos Island, Aegean Sea
Authors: Nike Bianchi Carlo , R. Dando Paul , Morri Carla
Published: December 2015

Research on subtidal hydrothermal vent ecosystems at Milos, Hellenic Volcanic Arc (Aegean Sea), suggested that vent activity increased the species richness of sessile epibenthic assemblages. Based on 303 species found in 6 sites (3 close to vents, 3 farther away), the present paper uses correspondence analysis and species/samples curves to examine the species composition and richness of these assemblages. Differences due to vent proximity were more important than those due to bottom depth and distance from the shore. Diversity was confirmed to be higher near the vents, although none of the 266 species found at the vent sites can be considered as obligate vent-associated species. Seven different, although not mutually exclusive, hypotheses are discussed to explain the pattern of increased epibenthic species diversity at the vent sites, namely: (i) vents represent an intermediate disturbance, inducing mortality by the emission of toxic fluids; (ii) higher winter temperature allows for the occurrence of warm-water species, which add to the regional background; (iii) venting disrupts the homogeneity of the water bottom layer, increasing bottom roughness and hence habitat heterogeneity; (iv) deposition of minerals and enhanced bioconstruction by Ca enrichment increment habitat provision; (v) fluid emission induces advective mechanisms that favour recruitment; (vi) vents emit CO2, nutrients and trace elements that enhance primary productivity; and (vii) bacterial chemosynthesis add to photosynthesis to provide a diversity of food sources for the fauna.
Psychology in Cardiac Rehabilitation: where all problems emerge and should be solved
Authors: Majani Giuseppina
Published: December 2015

Not available.
Smoking cessation interventions after Acute Coronary Syndromes. Results of a cross-sectional survey in the Lazio Region of Italy
Authors: Colivicchi Furio , Mocini David , Uguccioni Massimo , Strano Stefano , Imperoli Giuseppe , Santini Massimo
Published: December 2015

Given the limited research on Italian hospital smoking care practices, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken in April-May 2011 to describe the current status of smoking cessation interventions for ACS patients in cardiovascular institutions of the Lazio Region of Italy. Lazio is a region of central Italy with a resident population of about 5,600,000. According to the data of the Regional Health Authority, about 10.000 patients are admitted for ACS every year in this region of Italy. Acute cardiac care in the region is currently provided by 33 Cardiology Divisions. All of these units were considered as eligible for the survey. The eligible respondent for each unit was the director. A self-report questionnaire was developed based on previous studies that examined the specific features of smoking cessation care provided to hospitalised patients. Questionnaires were forwarded by the Lazio Regional Section of the Italian National Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO). Completed questionnaires were received from 22 of the 33 eligible Divisions (66%). These 22 responding units currently provide acute care to about 70% of all ACS patients of the region. Responding units were more likely to represent public non-teaching hospitals (p=0.002), while non-responders were mostly from private non-teaching institutions (p=0.04). Response rates were not influenced by the presence of either interventional catheterization laboratory (Cathlab)or cardiac surgery within the hospitals. The survey suggest that most of cardiology units fail to provide recommended smoking care interventions to ACS patients. In particular, brief smoking cessation advice before discharge represents the only systematically implemented approach in clinical practice (22 units; 100%). Smoking cessation counselling is provided only in 9 units (40%). Specific pharmacotherapy is prescribed in selected case only in about one third of units (7 units; 32%), with varenicline being the preferred drug. Structural variables and organizational complexity have no influence on smoking care, as hospitals with Cathlab and cardiac surgery do not implement more effective strategies. Overall, this survey shows that the majority of smoking ACS inpatients may receive inadequate smoking care and that hospitals have considerable opportunity for improvement.
Antithesis between יִרְאֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה and רְשׁעָ֔יִם : Malachi 3:13�21 [MT] as a reconciliation of Yahweh�s justice with life�s inequalities
Authors: Boloje Blessing O. , Groenewald Alphonso
Published: December 2015

This article demonstrates the vindictive tone of Malachi�s final sermon by highlighting the amazing reversal of fortunes of the righteous and shocking end of the wicked. Such a reversal or antithesis this article proposes, serves as a climax to the literary motif and artistic brilliance of reversal noticeable in the book of Malachi. The substance of Malachi�s message is that of triumph of Yahweh�s justice over obvious inequalities of life. Malachi 3:13�21 reveals that beyond the horizon of lived reality lies a judgement moment in which good and evil are still criteria of what is acceptable and unacceptable to Yahweh. The article examines the literary structure and content of the this unit of Malachi�s oracle, provides detailed exegesis of the cynicism or antithesis in the text and concludes by synthesising the result in an attempt at reconciling Yahweh�s supposed justice with obvious life�s inequalities. Malachi�s prediction of the ultimate restoration of the fortune of the righteous and shameful end of the wicked, stands as a refutation of the insinuation that to serve Yahweh is worthless.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article not only focuses on the synchronic dimensions of this text, but also the diachronic perspectives. The literary analysis is combined with a historical embeddedness of this text. This text poses a challenge to the reader of the 21st century and invites the modern reader to a explore life, and specifically fullness of life amidst circumstances not conducive to fullness of life.
Studying the Impact of Presence of Alpha Acid Glycoprotein and Protein Glycoprotein in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Imatinib Mesylate in the State of Qatar
Authors: Ai-Dewik Nader I. , Jewell Andrew P. , Yassin Mohammed A. , Morsi Hisham M.
Published: November 2015

Despite the efficacy of imatinib mesylate (IM) in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), there is a high degree of resistance. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein may reduce drug efficacy through its ability to interact with IM and blocks it from reaching its target, while protein glycoprotein (PGP) may reduce the intracellular concentration of the drug via an active pump mechanism. We thus investigated the correlation between AGP and PGP levels and the resistance/response to treatment. A total of 26 CML patients were investigated for AGP and PGP levels at diagnosis and during treatment. There was no significant difference or correlation between AGP levels and the different groups of patients. There was also no significant difference in the fluorescence intensities of PGP levels among the different patient groups. The resistance observed in our CML patient population could not be correlated with AGP and PGP levels. There was no significant pattern of AGP and PGP expression, irrespective of the response or resistance to treatment.
Cancer Metastases: Early Dissemination and Late Recurrences
Authors: Friberg Sten , Nystrom Andreas
Published: November 2015

Background

Metastatic cells from a primary tumor can occur before the primary cancer is detected. Metastatic cells can also remain in the patient for many years after removal of the primary tumor without proliferating. These dormant malignant cells can awaken and cause recurrent disease decades after the primary treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical evidence for early dissemination and late recurrences in human malignant tumors. We used the following definitions: dormancy of cells may be defined as a nonproliferating state or an arrest in the cell cycle that results in a prolonged G0phase. If one accepts the term “late metastases” to indicate a period exceeding 10 years from the removal of the primary tumor, then the two malignancies in which this occurs most frequently are cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched with the keywords “metastases,” “early dissemination,” “late recurrences,” “inadvertently transmitted cancer,” “tumor growth rate,” “dormancy,” “circulating tumor cells,” and “transplantation of cancer.”

Results

Several case reports of early dissemination and late recurrences of various types of malignancies were found. Analyses of the growth rates of several malignant tumors in the original host indicated that the majority of cancers had metastasized years before they were detected. CMM, RCC, and malignant glioblastoma were the three most common malignancies resulting from an organ transplantation. CMM and RCC were also the two most common malignancies that showed dormancy. In several cases of transplanted CMM and RCC, the donor did not have any known malignancy or had had the malignancy removed so long ago that the donor was regarded as cured.

Conclusion

(1) Metastases can frequently exist prior to the detection of the primary tumor. (2) Metastatic cells may reside in organs in the original host that are not usually the site of detectable secondary tumors, for example, the kidneys and heart. (3) Metastatic cells remain dormant for decades after the primary tumor has been removed. (4) Dormancy might be reversible and lead to late recurrences.
An Unusual Case of Hepatosplenic αβ T-Cell Lymphoma Presenting with Coombs'-Negative Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Ibrahim Feryal A. , Shanmugam Vignesh , Amer Aliaa , El-Omri Halima , Al-Sabbagh Ahmad , Taha Ruba Y. , Soliman Dina S.
Published: December 2015

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare and aggressive extranodal T-cell lymphoma that comprises <5% of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. The majority of cases harbor the γδT-cell receptor (TCR), but recently, a few cases have been shown to express the αß TCR. Comparison of these two subtypes (αβ and γδ) shows similar clinicopathologic and cytogenetic features; however, due to the paucity of reported cases, it is not clear whether they are prognostically distinct entities. We report a case of αβ HSTCL with a rather unusual presentation of Coombs'-negative hemolytic anemia. Diagnosis proved challenging due to an unusual blastoid morphology with the absence of typical intrasinusoidal distribution of tumor cells in the bone marrow. This unique case adds to the growing list of this rare subtype of T-cell lymphomas, which warrant urgent attention due to the lack of effective treatment options and dismal prognosis.
Incidente de Múltiples Víctimas, Una Prueba Para un Sistema de Emergencias Nuevo, Sur de Ecuador, 2014
Authors: Molina Juan Carlos Salamea , Sacoto Hernan , Serrano Leonardo , Sacoto Daniel
Published: December 2015

Antecedentes

A medida que las ciudades crecen, la gestión de seguridad es más compleja, El Gobierno ha invertido más de 6 veces en seguridad, la creación del sistema integrado de seguridad SIS ECU-911, articula a todos los organismos de respuesta ante cualquier situación de contingencia.1 Pese a ello, las estadísticas de seguridad vial de la agencia nacional de tránsito (ANT) indican un incremento de accidentes de tránsito.2 El presente estudio intenta mostrar las fallas que aún tiene el sistema de seguridad en cuanto a la coordinación operativa de respuesta.

Diseño

Observacional descriptivo: reporte de caso.

Resultados

El incidente produjo 44 lesionados. El SIS ECU-911 fue alertado. La primera ambulancia arribó a 45 minutos. Se realizó triage y manejo inicial por paramédicos, sin embargo esta no pudo tomar control sobre las demás víctimas, produciendo una evacuación no sistemática del resto de lesionados mediante el usos de vehículos particulares. El SIS ECU-911 falló, provocando retrasos en la transmisión de la información entre ellos y el centro de trauma. En los hospitales de referencia, se produjo la llegada imprevista de los lesionados sin una preparación previa del personal; Si bien se pudo hacer un correcto triage inicial intrahospitalario, se pudo evidenciar la falta de recursos materiales. En el presente caso, el enfermo es el automotor y su chofer, con una lista de problemas: 1. Falta de mantenimiento. 2. Imprudencia e impericia. 3. Exceso de pasajeros.

Conclusiones

El SIS ECU-911 en nuestro país es nuevo. Existen deficiencias, las que deben resolverse; sin embargo consideramos que se dirige por buen camino. La implementación de simulacros periódicos ayudaría a detectar falencias del sistema con el fin de tener una sociedad más segura. Igualmente campañas de prevención, como las que actualmente se desarrollan con el proyecto de las ligas de trauma pudieran evitar accidentes futuros.

How to cite this article

Serrano L, Sacoto D, Sacoto H, Salamea JC. Incidente de Múltiples Víctimas, Una Prueba Para un Sistema de Emergencias Nuevo, Sur de Ecuador, 2014. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(1):30-35.
Cheek Hematoma: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Devasamudra Chidananda Ramappa , Sagar Niveditha J
Published: December 2015

Background

A 28-year-old lady presented with cheek hematoma on the right side after the self-fall. This patient had severe facial disfigurement due to diffuse swelling of cheek, discoloration of facial skin and sclera. The facial expressions were also compromised.

Materials and methods

Detailed history taken, examination done to rule out motor vehicle accident (MVA), domestic violence and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Computed tomography scan was done to know the extent of hematoma and to rule out the oromaxillofacial bone fractures. Incision and drainage was done to remove the blood clot from the buccal space. Incision was given in the buccal mucosa to avoid external scar.

Result

Swelling was completely reduced on 3rd postoperative day. Facial movements and expressions were regained.

Conclusion

Intraoral Incision and drainage is the treatment of choice for cheek hematoma to reduce the size of the swelling and avoid external scar.

How to cite this article

Sagar NJ, Devasamudra CR. Cheek Hematoma: A Rare Presentation. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(1):39-42.
Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in a Violently Injured Civilian Population: A Need for Hospital Identification and Resources
Authors: Jordan Anne , Bivins Julie , Hogue Bonita , Wolfe Luke , Aboutanos Michel B
Published: December 2015

Background

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become a recognized healthcare crisis. Urban trauma centers (UTC) treat a high rate of violently injured patients, a known risk factor for PTSD. A quality improvement (QI) project related to PTSD was implemented to assess the prevalence of PTSD symptomology post-discharge and the need for inpatient screening and referral.

Study design

In 2013, 3,525 patients were admitted to a UTC, of which 560 suffered a violent injury. One hundred and twentysix (23%) were provided PTSD education and offered resources for mental health treatment (MHT). Patients in police custody, with self-inflicted injuries, with injuries related to domestic violence, or who were non-English speaking were not included in the QI analysis (37%). At 4 to 6 weeks post-discharge, patients were contacted and administered a four item PTSD screening tool. Referral to MHT was offered and provided if requested.

Results

One hundred and twenty-six patients were evaluated. Sixty-four (51%) patients were reached at 4 to 6 weeks postdischarge and 60 (48%) completed the full 4-item tool. Fifty (78%) had GSW, 7 (11%) had stab wounds, and 7 (11%) had assault. Sixty-two percent reported experiencing at least one major symptom of PTSD, and 52% experienced >2 major symptoms. Eighty-seven percent of patients who developed symptoms of PTSD refused referrals pre-discharge. Post-discharge, patients with at least one PTSD symptom (37) requested MHT at a significantly higher rate than those without symptoms (23; p = < 0.0001). Patients with 3 to 4 symptoms requested referral information at a higher rate than those with 0 to 2 symptoms (p ≤0.0001).

Conclusion

Violently injured patients are at risk for the development of PTSD symptoms post-discharge. Trauma centers have a unique opportunity to implement PTSD screening, referral and post-discharge follow-up to effect change for this at-risk population.

How to cite this article

Jordan A, Goldberg S, Bivins J, Hogue B, Wolfe L, Aboutanos MB. Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in a Violently Injured Civilian Population: A Need for Hospital Identification and Resources. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(2):54-58.
Discusión sobre Políticas de Internacionalización en la Educación Superior: análisis de citas
Authors: Sánchez-Tarragó Nancy , Santos Raimundo Nonato Macedo dos , Bufrem Leilah Santiago
Published: December 2015

En la línea de propiciar una comprensión sobre la Internacionalización en la Educación Superior, como parte de una investigación más amplia que explora sus diferentes aristas desde la Ciencia de la Información, la investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los trabajos de mayor trascendencia en la temática y el análisis de su estructura intelectual. Para ello se realiza un análisis de citación y cocitación de la producción científica registrada en la base de datos Scopus y un análisis documental de los artículos más citados. Se emplean técnicas de análisis multivariado como análisis de clúster y escalamiento multidimensional. Se identifican autores y revistas en torno a temas como Conceptos y modelos de internacionalización;  Comunicación intercultural; Movilidad internacional y migraciones; Neoliberalismo, globalización y capitalismo académico. Los ejes temáticos permiten reflexionar sobre aspectos claves para el establecimiento de políticas universitarias de internacionalización, entre ellos, las motivaciones y los objetivos de la internacionalización y la dicotomía entre la búsqueda de visibilidad internacional y la dimensión intercultural.
A literatura internacional sobre e-science nas bases de dados LISA e LISTA
Authors: Costa Maira Murrieta , Cunha Murilo Bastos da
Published: December 2015

Apresenta brevemente o conceito de e-science. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo que analisa as publicações sobre o tema e-science na área da ciência da informação. O universo da pesquisa é formado por 202 registros de documentos das bases de dados LISA e LISTA. A análise dos dados revela um crescimento do volume de publicações sobre o tema e demonstra que dentre os 202 registros analisados, 172 são de artigos de periódicos. Ainda, confirma o fenômeno de que poucos autores publicam muito. A Inglaterra foi o país que mais se destacou na análise dos dados, visto que demonstrou pioneirismo em programas de governo para e-science. Dentre as associações profissionais da ciência da informação, destaca-se a atuação da Association of Research Libraries. Ressalta-se que foram encontrados 3 artigos de autores brasileiros indexados sobre o tema.
As políticas de direitos autorais e de reuso presentes nas revistas brasileiras de acesso aberto das áreas biológicas e de saúde disponibilizadas na plataforma SciELO-Brasil
Authors: Furnival Ariadne Chloe Mary , Almeida Bianca Miranda de , Silva Marco Donizete Paulino da
Published: December 2015

O termo Acesso aberto se refere à disponibilização online, gratuita e livre de restrições, da literatura científica. No Brasil, essa dinâmica se dá, majoritariamente, através das revistas em Acesso Aberto, a chamada “via dourada”. A publicação de tais revistas tem crescido continuamente desde a abertura da plataforma SciELO no Brasil, em 1997, e do sistema OJS pelo IBICT. Apesar da ampla divulgação mundial dos conceitos e definições sobre Acesso Aberto, e, sobretudo, em relação a questões de Direitos Autorais, autorização de reuso e arquivamento em repositórios, a hipótese aqui levantada é de que ainda existem situações conflitantes nas políticas de algumas revistas brasileiras de Acesso Aberto, conflitos relativos aos Direitos Autorais e aos direitos de reuso pelos leitores-usuários-autores. O artigo relata um estudo que teve como objetivo principal analisar e averiguar o conceito de Acesso Aberto, explícita e implicitamente usado nas revistas levantadas, sinalizando, de certa forma, o grau de “abertura” destas, tal como definido recentemente no folheto “HowOpenIsIt?” publicado por SPARC, PLoS e OASPA. Foram estudadas as políticas de Direitos Autorais de uma amostra composta por 117 periódicos correntes da área das Ciências Biológicas e Ciências de Saúde na plataforma SciELO-Brasil. Os resultados demonstram que existe uma variedade de apropriações e significações do termo “Acesso Aberto” que se manifestam na redação da política dos Direitos Autorais de tais revistas, dando espaço para confusões entre autores e leitores no que se refere aos direitos de reuso e disseminação posteriores à publicação, direitos estes intrínsecos às definições “clássicas” de Acesso Aberto
Mapping Progress : Human Rights and International Students in Australia
Authors: Jakubowicz Andrew , Monani Devaki
Published: December 2015

The rapid growth in international student numbers in Australia in the first decade of the  2000s was accompanied by a series of public crises. The most important of these was the outbreak in Melbourne Victoria and elsewhere of physical attacks on the students. Investigations at the time also pointed to cases of gross exploitation, an array of threats that severely compromised their human rights. This paper reviews and pursues the outcomes of a report prepared by the authors in 2010 for Universities Australia and the Human Rights Commission. The report reviewed social science research and proposed a series of priorities for human rights interventions that were part of the Human Rights Commission’s considerations.  New activity, following the innovation of having international students specifically considered by the Human Rights Commission, points to initiatives that have not fully addressed the wide range of questions at state.
Mixing state and sources of submicron regional background aerosols in the northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and the influence of biomass burning
Authors: Li W. J. , Chen S. R. , Xu Y. S. , Guo X. C. , Sun Y. L. , Yang X. Y. , Wang Z. F. , Zhao X. D. , Chen J. M. , Wang W. X.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to obtain morphology, size, composition, and mixing state of background aerosols with diameter less than 1 μm in the northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) during 15 September to 15 October 2013. Individual aerosol particles mainly contained secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA – sulfate and nitrate) and organics during clean periods (PM2.5 mass concentration less than 2.5 μg m−3). The presence of K–Na–Cl associated with organics and an increase in soot particles suggest that an intense biomass burning event caused the highest PM2.5 concentrations (> 30 μg m−3) during the study. A large number fraction of the fly-ash-containing particles (21.73 %) suggests that coal combustion emissions in the QTP significantly contributed to air pollutants at the medium pollution level (PM2.5: 10–30 μg m−3). We concluded that emissions from biomass burning and from coal combustion both constantly contribute to anthropogenic particles in the QTP atmosphere. Based on size distributions of individual particles at different pollution levels, we found that gas condensation on existing particles is an important chemical process for the formation of SIA with organic coating. TEM observations show that refractory aerosols (e.g., soot, fly ash, and visible organic particles) likely adhere to the surface of SIA particles larger than 200 nm due to coagulation. Organic coating and soot on surface of the aged particles likely influence their hygroscopic and optical properties, respectively, in the QTP. To our knowledge, this study reports the first microscopic analysis of fine particles in the background QTP air.
Cointegration and Causality between Macroeconomic variables and Stock Prices: Empirical Analysis from Indian Economy
Authors: Joshi Pooja , Giri A. K.
Published: December 2015

The study aims at examining how fiscal fundamental macroeconomic variables affect the performance of the stock market in India by using monthly data from April 2004- July 2015. The study makes use of Ng-Perron unit root tests to check the non-stationarity property of the series; the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test and a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for testing both short and long run dynamic relationships. The variance decomposition (VDC) is used to predict the exogenous shocks of the variables. The findings of the bounds test confirm that there exists a long-run co-integrating relationship between different macroeconomic variables and the stock prices in India. The ARDL result suggests a long-run negative relationship exists between crude oil prices, inflation and stock prices. The results of the influence of both the variables on stock prices are consistent in the short run as well. The results of the short-run estimation confirm positive and significant relationship for Gold, T-bill rates and Real Effective Exchange Rate. The VECM result shows a bidirectional causality is running between Inflation and CNX nifty index. Further, the result indicates the presence of long run causality for the equation with a CNX nifty index as the dependent variable. The results of VDC analysis and IRF show that a major percentage of stock prices change is its own innovative shocks. The study implies that appropriate policy measures should be taken by the proficient authorities for the purpose of controlling inflation, which ultimately leads to the control of volatility of the stock market.
Complicaciones neurológicas relacionadas con la mordedura de serpiente venenosa: Reporte de un Caso Clínico
Authors: Ordoñez Flores Milixsa Dixiana , Medina Morgan
Published: November 2015

La mordedura de serpiente venenosa es una condición de emergencia pediátrica, que predomina en países tropicales y subdesarrollados, afecta a millones de personas a nivel mundial, produciendo alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Las complicaciones neurológicas pueden ser producidas por efecto de neurotoxinas o por alteraciones en la cascada de coagulación.Se presenta caso de un adolescente mordido por una serpiente barba amarilla que no recibió tratamiento oportuno y manifestó desde las primeras 48 horas, alteraciones hematológicas y a partir del cuarto día de evolución presentó signos de encefalopatía. Posteriormente se analiza el mecanismo mediante el cual se produjeron estos eventos.Acta Pediátrica Hondureña, Vol. 4, No. 2 / Octubre 2013 a Marzo 2014: 318-322
Methodological considerations in discriminating olive-orchard management type using olive-canopy arthropod fauna at the level of order
Authors: Jerez-Valle Carlos , García-López Pedro A. , Campos Mercedes , Pascual Felipe
Published: December 2015

The cultivation of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) has great importance in the entire Mediterranean basin, so that the implementation of organic practices in their management directly affects the sustainability of the agricultural system. Bioindication with arthropods can help to detect the different agricultural practices. In this work, we analyse the most appropriate methodology for discriminating between management using arthropods at the taxonomic level of order, with the novelty of taking into account the weather conditions to select the sampling dates. Between 12 and 15 sampling stations (depending on the year) were selected from olive orchards belonging to organic, conventional non-tillage, and strict conventional management, being sampled by beating the canopy fortnightly in the spring-summer period of 2007, 2008 and 2009. Organic management was more abundant and richer than the rest for the three years. Most groups with significant differences in terms of relative abundance were more abundant in organic orchard, except Neuroptera. Finally, different discriminant methods were evaluated (Linear Discriminant Analysis, Multiple Discriminant Analysis, and Support Vector Machine) with several different data sets. The discriminant analysis with interannual variability reached 97.9% accuracy in differentiating between organic and non-organic management using the LDA method, considering the taxa with significant differences from the abundance, excluding pests, and using samples with more uniform and stable weather patterns (late summer).
Organic cultivation of field pea by use of products with different action
Authors: Georgieva Natalia , Nikolova Ivelina , Delchev Grozi
Published: December 2015

The possibilities for increasing the productivity and control of the pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum L.) in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) organic cultivation by the use of following bioproducts NeemAzal T/S and Pyrethrum FS-EC (insecticides), applied individually and in combination with Polyversum (growth regulator and fungicide) and Biofa (foliar fertilizer), as well as to evaluate the stability of the used mixtures were studied. Synthetic products Nurelle D and Flordimex 420 (alone and in combination) were used as a standard. The products were applied once (at budding stage) or twice (at budding and flowering stages). The results showed that forage pea productivity was influenced positively by the application of all organic products. The plants treated with the organic combinations formed an average yield of 3190.2 kg/ha, which was only 4.7% lower than that for the synthetic combination of Flordimex+Nurelle D. The highest yield was produced under application of two mixtures: Biofa+Pyrethrum and Polyversum+Pyrethrum at budding and flowering stages (22.0 and 21.8% above untreated control, respectively). These combinations were also distinguished for their most pronounced protective effect against the attack of the pea weevil and decrease in its numbers of 37.0 and 38.5%, respectively. Pyrethrum was distinguished for a lower degree of damaged seeds and a toxic effect against the pea weevil in comparison with NeemAzal. Technologically the most valuable variant, which united high stability, productivity and protection against pea weevil, was the combination of Biofa+Pyrethrum applied twice. Further investigations are indispensible to expand the range of products (bioinsectides, biofertilizers and growth regulators), which provides good insect control and high productivity in pea organic farming conditions.