bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pop Culture Society in Neil LaBute’s Fat Pig
Authors: Brahm Smart Constanza
Published: November 2023

The following study discusses the influence of popular culture in American society today by means of analyzing Neil LaBute’s play Fat Pig and the ways in which pop culture shapes the plot, the characters, and the society depicted in the play. As part of his trilogy devoted to the problems and consequences of the obsession with beauty and physical appearance, LaBute’s Fat Pig uses pop references mixed with cruel and witty dialogues to create a reflection of a society that has put pop culture on a pedestal and that has let it shape its people.The paper discusses how the play’s four characters are off-springs of a society that has been shaped by the media (films, television, and magazines) and how Fat Pig is not just about the issues surrounding weight, but goes further inthe search for a self-criticism of the way we judge people who are different in any way. In order to analyze all of these areas, three main authors are discussed: John Storey and his book Cultural Theory and Popular Culture, Manfred Pfister and his bookTheory and Analysis of Drama, and finally Angela McRobbie and her essays comprised inPostmodernism and Popular Culture. To conclude, the link between the theater and the cinema is discussed in order to show how they both enhance each other’s strengths.
Attitude of NRLM Beneficiaries towards Livelihood Diversification in Baghelkhand Region of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Rajpoot Ashutosh Singh , Rajan Parvez , Raut Ajay , Srivastava A. , Singh R. B.
Published: November 2023

In the rural areas, people diversify because of geographical isolation, low quality physical infrastructure, under developing markets, resources scarcity, incidence of some natural disaster and agricultural failure etc. Considering the above statement, find researchable issues were recognize as What are the attitude of NRLM beneficiaries towards livelihood diversification? Livelihood diversification is one of the dynamic solutions that are now occurring in rural regions and acting as a catalyst for economic growth and development. To cope with changing situation, mitigate losses from crop failure, economic and environmental risk rural households are adopting various on-farm and off-farm strategies as drought-tolerant crops and mixed farming, vegetable and fruit production, animal husbandry, eggs and poultry, trade, formally employee, mining, manufacturing, construction, transport, carpentry, petty trade etc. The study was done during 2022-23 in Rewa and Shahdol districts under Baghelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh due to highest number of beneficiaries registered in respective districts under NRLM at state level. In this study Ex-post facto research design, and 3 percent proportionate random sampling technique under multi-stage procedures were adopted. Thus 221 respondents were selected which were personally interviewed by using interview schedule, to analyze the attitude of NRLM beneficiaries towards livelihood diversification. The results of the study revealed that 50.22 percent respondent had medium level of attitude towards livelihood diversification.
Dysfunction of Drosophila mitochondrial carrier homolog (Mtch) alters apoptosis and disturbs development
Authors: González Cristina , Martínez‐Sánchez Lidia , Clemente Paula , Toivonen Janne Markus , Arredondo Juan José , Fernández‐Moreno Miguel Ángel , Carrodeguas José Alberto
Published: November 2023

Mitochondrial carrier homologs 1 (MTCH1) and 2 (MTCH2) are orphan members of the mitochondrial transporter family SLC25. Human MTCH1 is also known as presenilin 1‐associated protein, PSAP. MTCH2 is a receptor for tBid and is related to lipid metabolism. Both proteins have been recently described as protein insertases of the outer mitochondrial membrane. We have depleted Mtch in Drosophila and show here that mutant flies are unable to complete development, showing an excess of apoptosis during pupation; this observation was confirmed by RNAi in Schneider cells. These findings are contrary to what has been described in humans. We discuss the implications in view of recent reports concerning the function of these proteins.
Consumption and the Internet
Authors: Cluley Robert
Published: November 2023

Consumption is the act of choosing, acquiring, using, and disposing of a good. The Internet has profoundly changed what, how, and when people consume – with wide implications for social interactions. Simultaneously, consumption has played a key role in shaping the Internet. Many Internet services are designed to encourage consumption and are funded, ultimately, by branding and advertising. This means that the relationship between consumption and the Internet has implications for social affiliation, communication, identity, politics, and social stratification. This entry explores these issues.
Globalization, Education and
Authors: Seitzer Helen
Published: November 2023

Globalization processes have led to an increase in interdependencies between countries around the globe. This observation also applies to education policy: not only the form, but also the function of state‐led schooling have become increasingly similar. This phenomenon has led to a spread of western rationality, and education has become oriented toward the labor market. The competition for experts and labor between countries facilitated by this globalized world has also increased the communication and policy diffusion between countries. Power imbalances between countries foster this interdependency even more. International organizations influence this process by providing platforms for communication and policy recommendations. Despite the rising enrollments and educational quality due to globalization, educational inequity and inequality still persist.
Gay and Lesbian Politics
Authors: Royce Tracy , Hidalgo Danielle Antoinette
Published: November 2023

Gay and lesbian politics in the United States have had a deep and long‐lasting impact on the twentieth and twenty‐first centuries. Alongside their allies, gay and lesbian political actors have championed issues such as the removal of homosexuality from the American Psychiatric Association's
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, better treatments for people with HIV/AIDS, and the legal recognition of same‐sex marriage. Key developments in the history of gay and lesbian politics continue to affect how identities, practices, and beliefs concerning sexuality and intimate relationships are understood today.
Video Games
Authors: Hunsinger Jeremy
Published: November 2023

The entry comprises a brief overview of the political economy of video games. It includes recent developments in augmented reality, virtual reality, and casual games combined with a short history of video games. It also presents a few of the challenges around video game production and distribution.
The impact of margin reduction on radiation dose distribution of ultra‐hypofractionated prostate radiotherapy utilizing a 1.5‐T MR‐Linac
Authors: Onal Cem , Efe Esma , Bozca Recep , Yavas Cagdas , Yavas Guler , Arslan Gungor
Published: November 2023

Background

We examined the effects of reducing the planning target volume (PTV) margin in MR‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) on the distribution of radiation dose to target volumes and organs‐at‐risk (OARs). Thus, we compared MR‐Linac (MRL) plans with and without reduced margin and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan with conventional linac for low‐risk prostate cancer patients receiving 36.25 Gy in five fractions of ultra‐hypofractionated radiation therapy.

Materials and Methods

Twenty low‐risk prostate cancer patients treated with 1.5 T MR‐Linac were evaluated. The same planning CT images were used for four plans: the MRL‐R plan with reduced margin planning target volume (PTV‐R) and the MRL‐N plan with normal margin PTV (PTV‐N), which is also used for IMRT plan. In four plans, PTV doses, organs‐at‐risk (OARs) doses, the homogeneity index (HI), and monitor units were compared.

Results

All plans met the criteria for PTV coverage and OARs dose constraints. The maximum and mean PTV doses were significantly higher in the MRL‐R and MRL‐N plans compared to the IMRT plan. The HI was lowest in the IMRT plan (0.040 ± 0.013) and highest in the MRL‐N plan (0.055 ± 0.012; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the PTV dosimetric parameters between the MRL‐R and the MRL‐N plans. The high doses in the rectum was significantly lower in the MRL‐R compared to other plans. The bladder V36.25 Gy was significantly lower in the MRL‐R plan (2.43 ± 1.87 Gy) compared to MRL‐N (4.50 ± 2.42 Gy; p < 0.001), and IMRT plans (4.76 ± 2.77 Gy; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the low‐dose volumes of the body, maximum femur doses, or monitor units across each plan.

Conclusions

Ultra‐hypofractionated MR‐guided RT with 1.5 T MRL is dosimetrically feasible for patients with prostate cancer. The improved soft tissue contrast and the online adaptive plan for 1.5 T MR‐Linac allows for PTV margin reduction resulted in a significant dose reduction in OARs.
The performance of a new type accelerator uRT‐linac 506c evaluated by a quality assurance automation system
Authors: Sun WenZhao , Shi ZhongHua , Yang Xin , Huang SiJuan , Liao Can , Zhang Wei , Li YongBao , Huang XiaoYan
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of our quality assurance (QA) automation system and to evaluate the machine performance of a new type linear accelerator uRT‐linac 506c within 6 months using this system.

Methods

This QA automation system consists of a hollow cylindrical phantom with 18 steel balls in the phantom surface and an analysis software to process electronic portal imaging device (EPID) measurement image data and report the results. The performance of the QA automation system was evaluated by the tests of repeatability, archivable precision, detectability of introduced errors, and the impact of set‐up errors on QA results. The performance of this linac was evaluated by 31 items using this QA system over 6 months.

Results

This QA system was able to automatically deliver QA plan, EPID image acquisition, and automatic analysis. All images acquiring and analysis took approximately 4.6 min per energy. The preset error of 0.1 mm in multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) leaf were detected as 0.12 ± 0.01 mm for Bank A and 0.10 ± 0.01 mm in Bank B. The 2 mm setup error was detected as −1.95 ± 0.01 mm, −2.02 ± 0.01 mm, 2.01 ± 0.01 mm for X, Y, Z directions, respectively. And data from the tests of repeatability and detectability of introduced errors showed the standard deviation were all within 0.1 mm and 0.1°. and data of the machine performance were all within the tolerance specified by AAPM TG‐142.

Conclusions

The QA automation system has high precision and good performance, and it can improve the QA efficiency. The performance of the new accelerator has also performed very well during the testing period.
Improvement of Inflammation and Abnormal Vascularization by TSP1 Treatment Combined with ADSCs Transplantation in Mice with Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ju Mingyan , Wang Zihan , Yang Weiwei , Sui Zhenhua , Wang Wenjing , Sun Kuikui , Ren Chenchun
Published: November 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine disease with a certain degree of chronic inflammation and abnormal ovarian angiogenesis in reproductive women. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potent immunomodulatory properties to regulate ovarian function, while thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) improves the abnormal formation of ovarian vessels. The present study investigated the efficacy of the combined use of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and TSP1 in PCOS mice. The PCOS model is established using dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) by subcutaneous injection. Ovarian apoptosis is assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL). Real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐PCR) and western blotting are used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors and the levels of angiogenesis‐related factors in ovarian tissues. Inflammatory cells count and ovarian angiogenesis are evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. This research shows that TSP1 and ADSCs treatment can significantly reduce the inflammatory state of PCOS mice, relieve the degree of ovarian cell apoptosis, optimize the ovarian histological manifestations, and restore the levels of related hormones. The proportion of CD31‐positive cells in PCOS mice returned to near‐normal levels. The synergistic use of ADSCs and TSP1 therapy can exert a more impressive effect by inhibiting the ovarian inflammatory response and regulating the balance of angiogenesis than the single application in PCOS mice.
Quasi‐2D AgRuO3 Oxide with Facilely Activated Basal Planes for Efficient H2 Evolution
Authors: Kang Yu , Han Yujia , Pohl Darius , Löffler Markus , Tahn Alexander , Rellinghaus Bernd , Schnelle Walter , Ma Keyuan , Cui Yi , Felser Claudia
Published: November 2023

Layered 2D materials such as transition metal chalcogenides are promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the flexible compositions and distinctive electronic structures. However, their active sites usually stem from the edges, whereas the basal planes with the higher surface area are difficult to activate for water dissociation and H2 evolution. Here, a novel quasi‐2D AgRuO3 compound, which can be readily activated by cyclic voltammetry and split into layered structures with more exposed basal planes is reported. This results in an outstanding HER activity with a low overpotential of only 37 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 36 mV dec−1. It is found that the oxygen vacancies generated on the basal planes during activation can thermodynamically facilitate water adsorption, dissociation, and intermediate OH* desorption compared with the pristine AgRuO3, as revealed by theoretical calculations. Thus, the oxygen vacancies on the exposed basal planes are the active centers. This work sheds light on the evolution of a quasi‐2D metal oxide during HER and highlights the active role of basal planes that can facilitate water dissociation in alkaline water electrolysis.
Mind the Viscous Modulus: The Mechanotransductive Response to the Viscous Nature of Isoelastic Matrices Regulates Stem Cell Chondrogenesis
Authors: Walker Matthew , Pringle Eonan William , Ciccone Giuseppe , Oliver‐Cervelló Lluís , Tassieri Manlio , Gourdon Delphine , Cantini Marco
Published: November 2023

The design of hydrogels as mimetics of tissues’ matrices typically disregards the viscous nature of native tissues and focuses only on their elastic properties. In the case of stem cell chondrogenesis, this has led to contradictory results, likely due to unreported changes in the matrices’ viscous modulus. Here, by employing isoelastic matrices with Young's modulus of ≈12 kPa, variations in viscous properties alone (i.e., loss tangent between 0.1 and 0.25) are demonstrated to be sufficient to drive efficient growth factor‐free chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells, both in 2D and 3D cultures. The increase of the viscous component of RGD‐functionalized polyacrylamide or polyethylene glycol maleimide hydrogels promotes a phenotype with reduced adhesion, alters mechanosensitive signaling, and boosts cell–cell contacts. In turn, this upregulates the chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 and supports neocartilage formation, demonstrating that the mechanotransductive response to the viscous nature of the matrix can be harnessed to direct cell fate.
Polyelectrolyte Complex Hydrogels from Controlled Kneading and Annealing‐Induced Tightly Wound and Highly Entangled Natural Polysaccharides
Authors: Chen Shunlan , Li Dapeng , Wen Ying , Peng Gege , Ye Kexin , Huang Yiwan , Long Shijun , Li Xuefeng
Published: November 2023

Hydrogels usually are fabricated by using monomers or preexisting polymers in precursor solutions. Here, a polyelectrolyte complex biohydrogel (Bio‐PEC hydrogel) made from a precursor dough, by kneading, annealing, and crosslinking the dough of two oppositely charged polysaccharides, cationic chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) and anionic sodium hyaluronate (HA), photoinitiator (α‐ketoglutaric acid), crosslinker glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and water of very small quantity is reported. Controlled kneading and annealing homogenized the dough with respect to transforming randomly distributed, individual polymer chains into tightly wound double‐stranded structures, which, upon UV irradiation, covalently sparsely crosslinked into a highly entangled network and subsequently, upon fully swollen in water, results in Bio‐PEC hydrogel, HACC/HA, exhibiting near‐perfect elasticity, high tensile strength, and high swelling resistance. Via the same kneading and annealing, tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin iron (Fe‐TCPP) metal nanoclusters are incorporated into HACC/HA to obtain photocatalytic, antibacterial, and biocompatible Bio‐PEC hydrogel composite, Fe‐TCPP@HACC/HA. Using SD rat models, the efficacy of Fe‐TCPP@HACC/HA in inhibiting Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth in vitro and the ability to promote wound healing and scar‐free skin regeneration in vivo, or its high potential as a wound dressing material for biomedical applications are demonstrated.
DNA‐Based Nanomaterials for Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Deng Jinqi , Liu Chao , Sun Jiashu
Published: November 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell‐derived nanovesicles comprising a myriad of molecular cargo such as proteins and nucleic acids, playing essential roles in intercellular communication and physiological and pathological processes. EVs have received substantial attention as noninvasive biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Owing to their ability to recognize protein and nucleic acid targets, DNA‐based nanomaterials with excellent programmability and modifiability provide a promising tool for the sensitive and accurate detection of molecular cargo carried by EVs. In this perspective, recent advancements in EV analysis using a variety of DNA‐based nanomaterials are summarized, which can be broadly classified into three categories: linear DNA probes, DNA nanostructures, and hybrid DNA nanomaterials. The design, construction, advantages, and disadvantages of different types of DNA nanomaterials, as well as their performance for detecting EVs are reviewed. The challenges and opportunities in the field of EV analysis by DNA nanomaterials are also discussed.
Sweet but Challenging: Tackling the Complexity of GAGs with Engineered Tailor‐Made Biomaterials
Authors: Le Pennec Jean , Picart Catherine , Vivès Romain R. , Migliorini Elisa
Published: November 2023

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role in tissue homeostasis by regulating the activity and diffusion of bioactive molecules. Incorporating GAGs into biomaterials has emerged as a widely adopted strategy in medical applications, owing to their biocompatibility and ability to control the release of bioactive molecules. Nevertheless, immobilized GAGs on biomaterials can elicit distinct cellular responses compared to their soluble forms, underscoring the need to understand the interactions between GAG and bioactive molecules within engineered functional biomaterials. By controlling critical parameters such as GAG type, density, and sulfation, it becomes possible to precisely delineate GAG functions within a biomaterial context and to better mimic specific tissue properties, enabling tailored design of GAG‐based biomaterials for specific medical applications. However, this requires access to pure and well‐characterized GAG compounds, which remains challenging. This review focuses on different strategies for producing well‐defined GAGs and explores high‐throughput approaches employed to investigate GAG–growth factor interactions and to quantify cellular responses on GAG‐based biomaterials. These automated methods hold considerable promise for improving the understanding of the diverse functions of GAGs. In perspective, the scientific community is encouraged to adopt a rational approach in designing GAG‐based biomaterials, taking into account the in vivo properties of the targeted tissue for medical applications.
Soft Kirigami Composites for Form‐Finding of Fully Flexible Deployables
Authors: Zavodnik Jan , Wang Yunbo , Yan Wenzhong , Brojan Miha , Jawed Mohammad Khalid
Published: November 2023

A new class of thin flexible structures is introduced that morph from flat into prescribed 3D shapes through strain mismatch between layers of a composite plate. To achieve control over the target shape, two different concepts are coupled. First, motivated by biological growth, strain mismatch is applied between the flat composite layers to transform it into a 3D shape. Depending on the amount of the applied strain mismatch, the transformation involves buckling into one of the available finite number of deformation modes. Second, inspired by kirigami, portions of the material are removed from one of the layers according to a specific pattern. This dramatically increases the number of possible 3D shapes and allows us to attain specific topologies. An experimental apparatus that allows precise control of the strain mismatch is devised. An inverse problem is posed, where starting from a given target shape, the physical parameters that make these shapes possible are determined. To show how the concept works, it focuses on circular composite plates and designs a kirigami pattern that yields a hemispherical structure. The analysis combines a theoretical approach with numerical simulations and physical experiments to understand and predict the shape transition from 2D to 3D. The tools developed here can be extended to attain arbitrary 3D shapes. The initially flat shape suggests that conventional additive manufacturing techniques can be used to functionalize the soft kirigami composite to fabricate, for example, deployable 3D structures, smart skins, and soft electromagnetic metasurfaces.
Measuring Vascular Graft Cellularity Non‐Destructively: Merging Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Tornifoglio Brooke , Stone Alan J. , Mathieu Pattie , Fitzpatrick Emma , Kerskens Christian , Lally Caitríona
Published: November 2023

Despite significant growth in the field of tissue engineering over the past decades, non‐invasive, non‐destructive methods to characterize the cellularisation of grafts are lacking. Here, in a proof‐of‐concept study, a non‐invasive magnetic resonance imaging method, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), within acellular and cellularised vascular grafts is investigated. Using decellularised porcine carotid grafts, smooth muscle cells are cultured dynamically for two weeks with terminal time points at day 3, 7, and 14. Grafts are fixed at each time point and investigated by DTI in an ex vivo set up. Semi‐quantitative histology is used as a ground truth for collagen, elastin, and cell density changes over time. DTI‐derived metrics, namely the fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and tractography, are significantly different between day 3 and day 7 grafts and distinguish between acellular and cellularised grafts. Specifically, increasing fractional anisotropy is correlated to increasing cell density. The results from this study show the potential of MR‐DTI in the field of tissue engineering, offering non‐invasive, non‐destructive insight into graft cellularisation.
Nanoscale Phase Separations for Versatile Synthesis of Centimeter‐Sized Hierarchically Mesoporous Metal‐Oxide Films
Authors: Jing Jie , Zhu Kerun , Wang Shun , Gao Yihan , Dong Angang , Yang Dong , Nie Zhihong , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2023

Hierarchically porous metal‐oxide materials have immense potential for many fields, which are highly desired to tackle the limitations of mono‐porous architectures, and to combine the advantages of different pore scales. Herein, a simple small‐molecule‐assisted interfacial assembly strategy, which elegantly combines the mesoscale block copolymers (BCPs)‐directed coassembly and nanoscale phase separations of dicyandiamide (DCDA), is developed for the synthesis of centimeter‐sized inorganic metal‐oxide films with multiscale porosity. The synthetic approach is versatile and can be broadly applied for the fabrication of hierarchically mesoporous metal‐oxide films with single (TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3) or binary components (TiO2–ZrO2 and TiO2–Al2O3) on various substrates ranging from 1D to 3D. The as‐prepared films possess ordered structures, uniform thickness, interconnected pores, highly crystallized frameworks, and high surface areas (>200 m2 g−1). As a proof of concept, the photoelectric device assembled by the hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 films (denoted as H–TiO2) shows excellent performance, including a high photocurrent of 0.68 mA cm−2 and outstanding stability. The presented method may provide new insight into the controllable synthesis of hierarchically porous materials.
Construction of Polyheterocyclic Skeletons through C−H Bond Activation‐Initiated Cascade Reactions by Using Cyclopropanol as Alkylating Agent as well as Masked Nucleophile and Electrophile
Authors: Yang Xueying , Cai Xinyuan , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: November 2023

Presented herein is a synthesis of indane fused bicyclic pyrazolidinones based on the reactions of aryl azomethine imines with cyclopropanols. Mechanistically, the formation of product involves Rh(III)‐catalyzed direct aryl C(sp2)−H alkylation of aryl azomethine imine with cyclopropanol through in situ ring‐opening, followed by cascade intramolecular C‐ and N‐nucleophilic addition. In this tandem process, cyclopropanol acts as not only an alkylating agent but also masked nucleophile and electrophile to participate in the construction of both the indane and the bicyclic pyrazolidinone scaffolds. To our knowledge, such a cascade reaction pattern has not been disclosed. In general, this synthetic protocol has advantages such as easily obtainable substrates, valuable products, concise synthetic procedure, unique reaction pathway, and good compatibility with diverse functional groups.
Bioactive Cellulose Nanopapers Impregnated with Cinnamon Essential Oil for Sustainable Antibacterial Packaging and Extended Shelf Life of Coriander Leaves
Authors: K. V. Neenu , Begum P. M. Sabura , Kumar Aswathy V. , Kanoth Bipinbal Parambath , Sankar Sameera , Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar , Badawi Michael , Dominic C D Midhun
Published: November 2023

This study introduces a novel approach by developing cellulose nanopapers derived from pineapple pomace and impregnated with cinnamon essential oil (CEO) in the range of 1–5 wt.%. This innovative material aims to enhance the shelf life of coriander leaves through antibacterial packaging. Comparative analyses encompassed structural, crystalline, morphological, physico‐mechanical, water barrier, permeability, and antibacterial properties against control samples. Incorporating CEO yielded a reduction in crystallinity index and tensile strength, attributed to a plasticizing effect. The addition of 5 wt.% CEO led to a remarkable 46% increase in elongation at break. Enhanced thermal stability, with a Tmax  rise of 26 °C, is attributed to hydrogen bonding between CEO and cellulose molecules. The nanopapers exhibited notable reductions in oxygen and water vapor transmission rates (24% and 32% respectively) compared to control nanopapers. Impressive antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli is observed. These developed nanopapers are applied as active packaging for coriander leaves, extending their shelf life by up to 3 and 15 days without and with refrigeration. Moreover, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and moisture content in coriander leaves stored with CEO‐loaded nanopapers remained akin to fresh leaves. Thus, this study presents an environmentally friendly antibacterial packaging solution with potential for sustainable application.
Simultaneous ozone and hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis via defect modulation in Ni, Sb‐doped SnO2 electrocatalysts
Authors: Ding Lei , Li Wenwen , Xue Mingzhe , Peng Xiaoge , Shi Huaijie , Liu Jia , Wang Xiaosa , Jiang Chenghang , Xue Yufeng , Wang Shibin , Zhong Xing , Wang Jianguo
Published: November 2023

Electrochemical synthesis of green oxidants O3 and H2O2 is valuable for applications, but challenges persist in enhancing the O3 and H2O2 generation activity and combined application. Herein, we modulate the surface Ni active sites and oxygen vacancy defects content in Ni‐Sb‐SnO2 electrocatalysts to enhance selectivity for electrochemical ozone generation (EOP) and two‐electron electrochemical oxygen reduction reactions (2e− ORR). The Ni active sites and oxygen vacancy defects enriched electrocatalysts resulting in an ozone faradaic efficiency of 48.1%, while non‐enriched electrocatalyst obtained 90% selectivity for H2O2. Theoretical calculations revealed that Ni‐Sb‐SnO2 efficiently captures O2 with defective Ovac2 stabilize intermediates, facilitating O3 and H2O2 synthesis. Moreover, concerted EOP and 2e− ORR enable concurrent generation of O3 and H2O2 for efficient synergistic degradation of organic pollutants, while attenuating the energy demands of the electrolyzer. This study provides an appealing strategy for simultaneous production of O3 and H2O2 with applications in wastewater treatment.
Eine allgemeine Strategie zur Synthese von nanostrukturierten leitfähigen MOFs aus isolierenden MOF‐Vorläufern für Superkondensatoren und chemiresistive Sensoren
Authors: Huang Chuanhui , Sun Weiming , Jin Yingxue , Guo Quanquan , Mücke David , Chu Xingyuan , Liao Zhongquan , Chandrasekhar Naisa , Huang Xing , Lu Yang , Chen Guangbo , Wang Mingchao , Liu Jinxin , Zhang Geping , Yu Minghao , Qi Haoyuan , Kaiser Ute , Xu Gang , Feng Xinliang , Dong Renhao
Published: November 2023

Zweidimensionale konjugierte metallorganische Gerüstverbindungen (2D c‐MOFs) entwickeln sich zu einer einzigartigen Unterklasse von geschichteten kristallinen Koordinationspolymeren, die gleichzeitig Porosität und elektrische Leitfähigkeit besitzen und ein breites Anwendungspotenzial in Energiespeicherung und elektronischen Geräten haben. Um die intrinsischen elektronischen Eigenschaften und strukturellen Besonderheiten von 2D c‐MOFs optimal nutzen zu können, ist die kontrollierte Synthese von hierarchisch nanostrukturierten 2D c‐MOFs mit hoher Kristallinität und maßgeschneiderten Morphologien unerlässlich, was eine große Herausforderung darstellt. In diesem Artikel stellen wir eine Template‐Strategie zur Synthese einer Bibliothek von 2D c‐MOFs mit kontrollierten Morphologien und Dimensionen über eine Transformation von isolierenden MOFs zu c‐MOFs vor. Die daraus resultierenden hierarchisch nanostrukturierten 2D c‐MOFs weisen höhere intrinsische elektrische Leitfähigkeiten und größere Oberflächen als die literaturbeschriebenen 2D c‐MOFs auf, was für einen verbesserten Zugang zu aktiven Seiten und einen verbesserten Massentransport von Vorteil ist. Als Proof‐of‐Concept‐Anwendungen zeigen die hierarchisch nanostrukturierten 2D c‐MOFs eine überlegene Leistung für Anwendungen welche auf ihren elektrischen Eigenschaften basieren (hohle Cu‐BHT‐Nanowürfel‐basierte Superkondensatoren und Cu‐HHB Nanoblumen‐basierte chemiresistive Gassensoren). Diese erreichen eine Verbesserung der spezifischen Kapazität und der Ansprechintensität von über 225 % bzw. 250 % gegenüber den entsprechenden durch Bulk‐Synthese erhaltenen c‐MOFs.
Sculpting Mesoscopic Helical Chirality into Covalent Organic Framework Nanotubes from Entirely Achiral Building Blocks
Authors: Zha Xinlin , Xu Guilin , Khan Niaz Ali , Yan Zhong , Zuo Mengjuan , Xiong Yi , Liu Ying , You Haining , Wu Yi , Liu Ke , Li Mufang , Wang Dong
Published: November 2023

The diversification of chirality in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) holds immense promise for expanding their properties and functionality. Herein, we introduce an innovative approach for imparting helical chirality to COFs and fabricating a family of chiral COF nanotubes with mesoscopic helicity from entirely achiral building blocks for the first time. We present an effective 2,3‐diaminopyridine‐mediated supramolecular templating method, which facilitates the prefabrication of helical imine‐linked polymer nanotubes using unprecedented achiral symmetric monomers. Through meticulous optimization of crystallization conditions, these helical polymer nanotubes are adeptly converted into imine‐linked COF nanotubes boasting impressive surface areas, while well preserving their helical morphology and chiroptical properties. Furthermore, these helical imine‐linked polymers or COFs could be subtly transformed into corresponding more stable and functional helical β‐ketoenamine‐linked and hydrazone‐linked COF nanotubes with transferred circular dichroism via monomer exchange. Notably, despite the involvement of covalent bonding breakage and reorganization, these exchange processes overcome thermodynamic disadvantages, allowing mesoscopic helical chirality to be perfectly preserved. This research highlights the potential of mesoscopic helicity in conferring COFs with favourable chiral properties, providing novel insights into the development of multifunctional COFs in the field of chiral materials chemistry.
Lichtinduzierte Polymerisation katalysiert durch Kohlenstoff‐Nanomaterialien
Authors: Luo Xiongfei , Zhai Yingxiang , Wang Ping , Tian Bing , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian , Yang Chenhui , Strehmel Veronika , Li Shujun , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Yilmaz Gorkem , Strehmel Bernd , Chen Zhijun
Published: November 2023

Kohlenstoffnanomaterialien insbesondere Kohlenstoffpunkte und Kohlenstoffnitride spielen als heterogene Photoinitiatoren sowohl in radikalischen als auch in kationischen Polymerisationsprozessen eine besondere Rolle. Diese kürzlich eingeführten Materialien stellen herausragende Lösungen im Hinblick auf die Grenzen der gegenwärtigen homogenen Systeme dar und zeigen eine neue Herangehensweise für die Photopolymerisation. Dieser Übersichtsartikel stellt die Herstellung und die photokatalytische Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Nanomaterialien in den Mittelpunkt und hebt ihre Anwendung in verschiedenen Polymerisationstechniken einschließlich der photoinduzierten a) freien radikalischen, b) RAFT, c) ATRP und d) kationischen Polymerisation hervor. Außerdem diskutiert er deren Potential im Hinblick auf die gegenwärtigen Herausforderungen und erläutert Perspektiven auf diesem Gebiet. Darüber hinaus zeigen insbesondere Kohlenstoffnitride eine außergewöhnliche Sauerstofftoleranz, was für radikalische Polymerisationsprozesse von besonderer Bedeutung ist und Anwendungen wie beispielsweise den 3D Druck, Oberflächemodifizierungen von Überzügen und die technische Entwicklung von Hydrogelen erlaubt.
Wide‐Range Color‐Tunable Organic Scintillators for X‐Ray Imaging Through Host‐Guest Doping
Authors: Wang Hailan , Peng Chenxi , Chen Minghong , Xiao Yuxin , Zhang Tiantian , Liu Xiaowang , Chen Qiushui , Yu Tao , Huang Wei
Published: November 2023

With the increasing demands of X‐ray detection and medical diagnosis, organic scintillators with intense and tunable X‐ray excited emission have been becoming important. To guarantee the X‐ray absorption, heavy atoms were widely added in reported organic scintillators, which led to emission quenching. In this work, we propose a new strategy to realize organic scintillators through the host‐guest doping strategy. Then the X‐ray absorption centers (host) and emission centers (guest) are separated. Under X‐ray excitation, these materials displayed intense and readily tunable emissions ranging from green (520 nm) to near infrared (NIR) regions (682 nm). Besides, the relationship between the X‐ray absorption and spatial arrangement of the heavy atoms in the host matrix was also revealed. The potential application of these wide‐range color tunable organic host‐guest scintillators in X‐ray imaging were demonstrated. This work provides a new feasible strategy for constructing high‐performance organic scintillators with tunable luminescence properties.
Light‐Mediated Polymerization Catalyzed by Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Luo Xiongfei , Zhai Yingxiang , Wang Ping , Tian Bing , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian , Yang Chenhui , Strehmel Veronika , Li Shujun , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Yilmaz Gorkem , Strehmel Bernd , Chen Zhijun
Published: November 2023

Carbon nanomaterials, specifically carbon dots and carbon nitrides, play a crucial role as heterogeneous photoinitiators in both radical and cationic polymerization processes. These recently introduced materials offer promising solutions to the limitations of current homogeneous systems, presenting a novel approach to photopolymerization. This review highlights the preparation and photocatalytic performance of these nanomaterials, emphasizing their application in various polymerization techniques, including photoinduced i) free radical, ii) RAFT, iii) ATRP, and iv) cationic photopolymerization. Additionally, it discusses their potential in addressing contemporary challenges and explores prospects in this field. Moreover, carbon nitrides, in particular, exhibit exceptional oxygen tolerance, underscoring their significance in radical polymerization processes and allowing their applications such as 3D printing, surface modification of coatings, and hydrogel engineering.
Guidelines in Practice: Medication Safety
Authors: Speth Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Medication errors are preventable events that health care professionals, consumers, and medication manufacturers report to the US Food and Drug Administration. The agency receives more than 100,000 medication‐related reports each year, and some reports involve patient death. A variety of sources provide perioperative nurses with information on interventions and practices to prevent medication errors, including the US Pharmacopeia, The Joint Commission, medication manufacturers’ instructions for use, safety data sheets, and the updated AORN “Guideline for medication safety.” This article provides an overview of the guideline and discusses recommendations for organizational oversight, procurement and storage, retrieval and preparation, labeling, and hazardous medications. It also includes a scenario that illustrates perioperative nursing practices for administering an antineoplastic medication intraoperatively. Perioperative nurses should review the guideline in its entirety and implement recommendations in operative or procedural settings.
Effect of fluorescent brighteners on the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and LdMNPV on Lymantria dispar asiatica in Korea
Authors: Mezione de Carvalho Lucas , Hwang Hwal‐Su , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll
Published: November 2023

Stilbene‐based fluorescent brighteners (FBs) have been demonstrated to improve the insecticidal activities of entomopathogenic viruses; however, there is limited information regarding their effect on entomopathogenic bacteria. We conducted this study to investigate the effect of two FBs (FB 28 and FB 71) on the insecticidal activities of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) and Lymantria dispar multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV) on Lymantria dispar asiatica. FB 28 and Btk combination at low concentration (1.6 × 102 IU/mL) increased the mortality, whereas FB 71 and Btk combination at intermediate and high concentrations (1.6 × 103 and 1.6 × 104 IU/mL) slightly reduced the mortality compared with that with Btk alone. The lethal time was also shorter with combinations of Btk and FB 28 than with FB 71. Both FB 28 and FB 71 increased the mortality in combination with LdMNPV at all concentrations (3 × 102, 3 × 104, and 3 × 106  polyhedral occlusion bodies/mL compared with that with LdMNPV alone. Our results suggest that FBs improve the insecticidal activities of Btk and LdMNPV, and their activities depend on their interactions with the midgut structures of the host insect species.
Emerging green synthetic routes for thiazole and its derivatives: Current perspectives
Authors: Patel Maitri , Bambharoliya Tushar , Shah Drashti , Patel Krina , Patel Mehul , Shah Umang , Patel Swayamprakash , Mahavar Anjali , Patel Ashish
Published: November 2023

This review article provides an overview of the green synthesis of thiazole derivatives, emphasizing sustainable and environmentally friendly methodologies. Thiazole derivatives possess significant value and find diverse applications across various fields. However, conventional synthesis methods often involve hazardous reagents and generate substantial waste, posing environmental concerns. The green synthesis of thiazole derivatives employs renewable starting materials, nontoxic catalysts, and mild reaction conditions to minimize environmental impact. Innovative techniques such as microwave irradiation, ultrasound synthesis, green solvents, a green catalyst‐based approach, and mechanochemistry‐mediated synthesis are employed, offering advantages in terms of scalability, cost‐effectiveness, and purification simplicity. The resulting thiazole derivatives exhibit comparable or enhanced biological activities, showcasing the feasibility and practicality of green synthesis in drug discovery. This review paper underscores the importance of sustainable approaches in functional molecular synthesis and encourages further research in this domain.
Synthesis of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthohydrazide‐based hydrazones and their implications in diabetic management via in vitro and in silico approaches
Authors: Tasleem Mussarat , Ullah Saeed , Halim Sobia Ahsan , Urooj Ifra , Ahmed Nadeem , Munir Rabia , Khan Ajmal , El‐kott Attalla F. , Taslimi Parham , Negm Sally , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Shafiq Zahid
Published: November 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has prevailed as a chronic health condition and has become a serious global health issue due to its numerous consequences and high prevalence. We have synthesized a series of hydrazone derivatives and tested their antidiabetic potential by inhibiting the essential carbohydrate catabolic enzyme, “α‐glucosidase.” Several approaches including fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR were utilized to confirm the structures of all the synthesized derivatives. In vitro analysis of compounds 3a–3p displayed more effective inhibitory activities against α‐glucosidase with IC50 in a range of 2.80–29.66 µM as compared with the commercially available inhibitor, acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 M). Compound 3h showed the highest inhibitory potential with an IC50 value of 2.80 ± 0.03 µM, followed by 3i (IC50 = 4.13 ± 0.06 µM), 3f (IC50 = 5.18 ± 0.10 µM), 3c (IC50 = 5.42 ± 0.11 µM), 3g (IC50 = 6.17 ± 0.15 µM), 3d (IC50 = 6.76 ± 0.20 µM), 3a (IC50 = 9.59 ± 0.14 µM), and 3n (IC50 = 10.01 ± 0.42 µM). Kinetics analysis of the most potent compound 3h revealed a concentration‐dependent form of inhibition by 3h with Ki value = 4.76 ± 0.0068 µM. Additionally, an in silico docking approach was applied to predict the binding patterns of all the compounds, which indicates that the hydrazide and the naphthalene‐ol groups play a vital role in the binding of the compounds with the essential residues (i.e., Glu277 and Gln279) of the α‐glucosidase enzyme.
Adaptive robust control for unmanned combat platform: Obstacles avoiding and dynamic trajectory tracking
Authors: Sun Qinqin , Chen Yu , Wang Xiuye , Wang Yinlong
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes an adaptive robust control scheme to deal with the uncertainty problem of unmanned combat platform. Under the constraint of the controller, the rescue vehicle aims to follow the trajectory of the reconnaissance vehicle and avoid obstacles (e.g., craters and destroyed tanks), while they eventually reach the defined target location (an accident area). First, for the control objective, the original constraints are innovatively separated into two parts: arrival constraint and tracking‐avoidance constraint. An approximate constraint‐following control substitutes for the triple problem, and the constraint‐following error is subsequently established. Second, for the control strategy, a
‐measure is introduced to measure the constraint‐following error. To ensure the tracking‐avoidance constraint and the arrival constraint can be fully satisfied by the system, an adaptive robust control is designed. Finally, for the fast time‐varying uncertainty with unknown boundary, an adaptive law is introduced to evaluate the triple tracking‐avoidance‐arrival performance. In conclusion, the main contribution of this paper is to achieve triple tracking‐avoidance arrival for unmanned combat platform, and the problem of military detection and rescue on complex battlefields can be eliminated.
Weighted Nash equilibrium of incomplete‐profile networked evolutionary games with multiple payoffs
Authors: Yu Ling , Fu Shihua , Pan Jinfeng , Feng Jun‐e , Wang Ziyun
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the existence and convergence of weighted Nash equilibrium for incomplete‐profile networked evolutionary games with multiple payoffs. First, the incomplete‐profile networked evolutionary game under probabilistic myopic best response adjustment rule is transformed into an algebraic form based on the semi‐tensor product of matrices. Second, a method for calculating weighted Nash equilibrium is presented, and the relationship between weighted Nash equilibrium and positive‐probability fixed point is derived. Furthermore, a criterion is provided to verify whether the profiles in the feasible profile set can converge to the set of weighted Nash equilibriums with probability one. Finally, an illustrative example is given to support the new results obtained in this paper.
On the limitations of deep learning for statistical downscaling of climate change projections: The transferability and the extrapolation issues
Authors: Hernanz Alfonso , Correa Carlos , Sánchez‐Perrino Juan‐Carlos , Prieto‐Rico Ignacio , Rodríguez‐Guisado Esteban , Domínguez Marta , Rodríguez‐Camino Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become one of the state‐of‐the‐art techniques for downscaling climate projections. They are being applied under Perfect‐Prognosis (trained in a historical period with observations) and hybrid approaches (as Regional Climate Models (RCMs) emulators), with satisfactory results. Nevertheless, two important aspects have not been, to our knowledge, properly assessed yet: (1) their performance as emulators for other Earth System Models (ESMs) different to the one used for training, and (2) their performance under extrapolation, that is, when applied outside of their calibration range. In this study, we use UNET, a popular CNN, to assess these two aspects through two pseudo‐reality experiments, and we compare it with simpler emulators: an interpolation and a linear regression. The RCA4 regional model, with 0.11° resolution over a complex domain centered in the Pyrenees, and driven by the CNRM‐CM5 global model is used to train the emulators. Two frameworks are followed for the training: predictors are taken (1) from the upscaled RCM and (2) from the ESM. In both frameworks, the performance of the UNET when applied for other ESMs different to the one used for training is considerably worse, indicating poor generalization. For the linear method a similar deterioration is seen, so this limitation does not seem method specific but inherent to the task. For the second experiment, the emulators are trained in present and evaluated in future, under extrapolation. While averaged aspects such as the mean values are well simulated in future, significant biases (up to 5°C) appear when assessing warm extremes. These biases are larger by UNET than those produced by the linear method. This limitation suggests that, for variables such as temperature, with a marked signal of change and a strong linear relationship with predictors, simple linear methods might be more appropriate than the sophisticated deep learning techniques.