bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habitar un territorio transfronterizo: propuesta educativa no formal dirigida a jóvenes rurales del cantón de Upala, Alajuela, Costa Rica
Authors: Salas-Acuña Erick Francisco , Ortíz-Vindas Oriana Sujey , Trejos-Trejos Uriel Antonio
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo describe una propuesta de educación no formal desarrollada en el cantón transfronterizo de Upala, Alajuela, Costa Rica. El proceso educativo se llevó a cabo durante el 2017, con la participación de jóvenes pertenecientes a la Red de Jóvenes Migrantes y Transfronterizos, quienes se incorporaron a una serie de talleres dirigidos a la reflexión en torno a lo que significa habitar un territorio rural transfronterizo. Se parte del hecho de que los jóvenes constituyen una población marcada por una exclusión estructural fundada en nociones adultocéntricas que, en el caso particular de esta zona, cobra aún mayor dimensión debido a la condición de ruralidad y migración que históricamente ha caracterizado a estas poblaciones. Upala, cantón rural transfronterizo en la región norte del país, constituye un territorio cuyas dinámicas particulares reflejan una realidad social compleja, pocas veces atendida por las políticas económicas, culturales y educativas de los gobiernos de turno. Este proyecto constituye un esfuerzo por atender a esta población vulnerable, con el fin de reflexionar en torno a su condición de jóvenes rurales migrantes. Se argumenta a favor de la necesidad de promover la inclusión de estos grupos, mediante iniciativas gubernamentales más acordes con las condiciones propias de estas regiones.
Proper orthogonal decomposition method for some parabolic type equations
Authors: Jankevičiūtė Gerda , Leonavičienė Teresė , Čiegis Raimondas
Published: May 2020

In this paper proper orthogonal decomposition method for 1D parabolic type equations is described. First basic ideas of method are presented and application scheme for compiutations is derived. Later the sensitivity of proper orthogonal decomposition method is analyzed depending on the diffusion coefficient and source function. The obtained numerical results are presented in figures and tables.
Pusiau tiesinės hiperbolinės suvidurkintų lygčių sistemos su periodinėmis kraštinėmis sąlygomis tyrimas
Authors: Krylovas Aleksandras , Kriauzienė Rima
Published: May 2020

Darbe nagrinėjama pirmos eilės diferencialinių lygčių silpnai netiesinė hiperbolinė sistema su kraštinėmis sąlygomis ir konstruojama ją atitinkanti suvidurkintų išilgai charakteristikų integralinių diferencialinių lygčių sistema. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti kada suvidurkintas kraštinis uždavinys turi klasikinį periodinį sprendinį.
Application of the discrete distribution in Bayes analYsis of nature area coverage data
Authors: Dučinskas Kęstutis , Baltmiškytė Eglė , Bučas Martynas
Published: May 2020

Classical statistical methods do not always provide desired results for every situation. Therefore, new alternative methods of data analysis are in demand. As the computational power becomes more modern, Bayes statistical methods are increasingly applied for statistical data analysis. This article describes several discrete models for analyzing nature area coverage. These models can be applied for analysis of such areas as forests, water ponds, soil, etc. when data is provided in integer data in percent. Poisson and negative binomial distributions are used in this article. Unknown parameters of the models were estimated using Bayes statistical methods in OpenBUGS modeling environment. The models of nature area coverage analysis were implemented using the data of Baltic Sea bottom algae coverage. This article analyzes coverage dependence of abiotic and physical factors.
Some geometric aspects of polyvalent systems modeling
Authors: Grinis Irus , Ivanauskas Feliksas , Stepanauskas Gediminas
Published: May 2020

In this paper we consider the interaction of ligands and receptors on the plane and in the space.
Outranking multi-criteria methods
Authors: Podvezko Valentinas
Published: May 2020

In the realm of used worldwide multicriteria decision aid methods the two families of methods PROMETHEE and ELECTRE could be distinguished. These methods are rarely used and scarcely known in Lithuania. The methods create rankings of alternatives in accordance with priority levels of each alternative. The methods if different in details use the same core idea: a cumulative criterion comprises values of criteria and their weights indirectly by transforming such values with proprietary priority concordance and discordance indices. In the paper the methods PROMETHEE II and ELECTRE III are compared, their particularities and differences are outlined and discussed. Both methods are utilised for comparison of given alternatives.
Delays and economic systems dynamics
Authors: Švitra Donatas
Published: May 2020

Some mathematical models in economic systems with delay differential equations were presented. Analysis was made with the help of bifurcation theory.
The great ABC book of the samogitians and Lithuania by A. Bendikas (1867– 1939) is the source of arithmetic basics
Authors: Banionis Juozas
Published: May 2020

A. Bendikas is the great book spreader, the publisher of Lithuanian calendars, a teacher in secret Lithuanian schools. In 1906, A. Bendikas published “The ABC book” which is different from other similar works by paying attention to the development of arithmetic basics. The book was not designed only to familiarization with Arabic, Roman numerals and multiplication table but it also presented the teaching of all four arithmetic operations. In familiarizing with four arithmetic operations, the emphasis was put on the method of purposeful tasks and oral tasks which fostered logical mastering of operations and developed students’ thinking.
A competency-based bachelor’s degree in applied math programming model
Authors: Novikienė Regina
Published: May 2020

The article aims – to find out what is competence, how to develop those elements must reflect the competency-based training program for the preparation of undergraduate Applied Mathematics.
Vitality of the sexagesimal system
Authors: Paliokas Eugenijus
Published: May 2020

Some aspects in teaching mathematics are observed for the purpose of revitalizing mathematics adding historical and semantic points of view. Hypothesis of arrising of the sexagesimal system is presented.
Solving of mathematical problems as preimage of creation and developing of scientific theories
Authors: Rudalevičienė Regina , Kašuba Romualdas
Published: May 2020

In the paper some aspects of natural analogy and similarity between problem solving and creation and developing of scientific theories are discussed.
Application of swarm intelligence technique to learning scenario personalization
Authors: Žilinskienė Inga , Kubilinskienė Svetlana
Published: May 2020

The paper is aimed to analyse learning scenario personalization according to learning styles. In order to do that swarm intelligence technique is discussed and modified ant colony optimization method is suggested. Computer simulation is carried out to verify its suitability to the problem of learning scenario personalization. The results of the computer simulation is presented and parameters custamization, long cold-start problems are discuseed.
Proper orthogonal decomposition method for Schrödinger equation
Authors: Čiegis Raimondas , Jankevičiūtė Gerda , Leonavičienė Teresė
Published: May 2020

In this paper we consider the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method for one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. We begin of the review of basic ideas of POD. Later this method is applied to study the linear Schrödinger equation. The generation of optimal basis using POD and model reduction questions are discussed. Also the errors between the POD approximate solutions and the exact problems solutions are calculated. The results of two numerical examples for standing and travelling Gaussian wave are presented and analyzed.
Legendre polynomial order selection in projection pursuit density estimation
Authors: Kavaliauskas Mindaugas
Published: May 2020

Projection pursuit method and its application to probability density estimation is discussed. Method proposed by J.H. Friedman, based on projection density estimation using orthogonal Legendre polynomials, is analysed. Problem of Legendre polynomial order selection is solved. Conclusions are based on Monte Carlo simulation.
Computional modeling of University budget and finance
Authors: Ivanauskas Feliksas , Pikturna Aleksas , Valiulis Karolis
Published: May 2020

The discrete time mathematical model describing fundamental processes of the university, i.e. interdynamics among students, lectures and finances is presented. The model consists of three differential equations.
The analysis of gas dynamics equations with initial and boundary conditions and the construction of the corresponding averaged system
Authors: Krylovas Aleksandras , Kriauzienė Rima
Published: May 2020

In this paper hyperbolic system of the first order gas dynamics PDE with initial and boundary conditions is studied. The aim of the paper is to construct the averaged system of differential equations in order to find the uniformly valid in a large domain asymptotical solution. The averaged system is a new object of asymptotical analysis.
New opportunities of multiple criteria methods
Authors: Podvezko Valentinas , Podviezko Askoldas
Published: May 2020

A substantial amount of practical problems are solved by using multiple criteria optimisation methods, e.g. evaluation and comparison of social and economic development of counties of a country,  choice of the optimal technology project, comparison of investment or innovation projects, ratings of universities, choice of the best strategy, and many similar tasks. The solution of the problem is to determine the best alternative from several available ones, or ranking of alternatives in accordance with the chosen pursued objective. Nevertheless, often a set of alternatives to choose from is not available, and a single object must be evaluated. This could be a unique technology, innovation, or investment project, enterprise. The aim of this paper is to apply principles, ideas, and philosophy of multiple criteria methods, and to propose evaluation methods for evaluation of a single object.
Mathematical model of the intraocular pressure dynamic
Authors: Švitra Donatas , Vilkytė Ramunė
Published: May 2020

In this article the authors performed of the intraocular pressure dynamic mathematical model described one differential equation with delay depends on the search solution, i.e. the Intraocular pressure linear, nonlinear and numeric analyses. Linear analysis was performed D-segmentation method. In the nonlinear analysis was constructed a stable periodic solution application on the bifurcation theory. In the numeric analysis of the intraocular pressure dynamic obtained Runge–Kutta IV series method was compared with the experimental data. Dynamic of the intraocular pressure was calculated applying program “Model Maker”.
Optional subject “Intelligent technologies in warfare” instructional features
Authors: Pincevičius Albertas , Bekešienė Svajonė
Published: May 2020

Make use of the computer algebra package MAPLE and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases. Offered information system, which can simulate a military unit steps and the capacity to carry out the task and display the results of digital experiments on a map. Use Monte Carlo method for simulating the individual soldier’s actions on the battlefield, assess the influence of random factors. The artillery impact assessed carried out and the results displayed on the digital map. It is proposed psychological testing program. With this program is possible determined professional purposefulness, of the organizational and communication skills, leadership, and other personal characteristics of the soldiers.
Visualization of multidimensional numerical arrays of solid-state objects
Authors: Ramašauskas Olegas
Published: May 2020

This article is intended for math and computer science subjects study deepening and understanding of multidimensional computer graphics environment. The paper describes multidimensional numeric arrays visualization using object-oriented programming tools. The method allows the multidimensional numeric arrays stored data to simulate virtual reality products which, in turn, can become the reference now intensively developed new embedded system components. Shown an another option to simulate the multidimensional visual objects that may be transformed from capturing or graphically present on the computer screen using a new computational mathematics packages for solving advancedcomputer graphics tasks. It seems comfortable to use new estimated mathematics programs and packages, which already are enriched with digital image processing tools, allowing create a various objects of the real world.
Semiotic square and narrative grammar in one first grade mathematical text
Authors: Kudžma Ričardas , Rukaitė Vitalija
Published: May 2020

Analysis of narrative and logical-semantic levels according to Greimas‘s semiotics of concrete text from the first grade mathematics is presented in this article. Semiotic square is constructed and it is shown how moving in this square creates the meaning of the text.
Variable time step size application in implicit finite difference schemes when modelling operation of biosensors
Authors: Kurbanov Arsenij , Ašeris Vytautas
Published: May 2020

The operation of biosensors is described by mathematical models with reaction-diffusion equations. Due to non-linear reaction members, these models are solved using numerical methods, which often are a very time-consuming. The goal is to propose variable time step size algorithm which would reduce required calculations while preserving the accuracy of results. The proposed algorithm was applied to two biosensor models: with different diffusion and reaction. The applications of this algorithm are wide, because it is based on a few basic requirements, which are true for most biosensors models. The recommendations were made for choosing optimal algorithm parameters in general case. Algorithms efficiency was found to be dependent on mathematical models reaction part. Although the algorithm does reduce step count for all analyzed model parameters, the step count decrease ranges from 30% to tens of millions times.
Application of artificial neural networks and biosensors to determine concentrations of mixture
Authors: Litvinas Linas , Baronas Romas
Published: May 2020

Biosensor response, in case of multi-substrate mixture, has nonlinear dependence on substrate concentrations. This work investigates the possibility to approximate this dependency with artificial neural network. Also the influence of external diffusion layer to results of multi-substrate determination was investigated. The numerically modelled biosensor response was used as experimental data. The principal components analysis was used to reduce the dimension of biosensor response. Prefered method gives acceptable acuratnes on multi-substrate determination and it can be improved by relatively large external diffusion layer.
A rational cotangents of the angles of a triangle
Authors: Mazėtis Edmundas , Melničenko Grigorijus
Published: May 2020

We investigate how rational values cotangents angles of a triangle influence of its properties. The main result: cotangents of any two angles of a triangle are rational then, and only then, when a triangle similar to a triangle whose squares of sides are integer and twice the area is an integer.
Methods of estimation of weights
Authors: Podvezko Valentinas , Podviezko Askoldas
Published: May 2020

The purpose of using quantitative multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods is to identify the best alternative from the ones considered, or to rank the min order of preference in terms of a chosen objective of evaluation. One of major steps of framework of these methods is estimation of weights of criteria, which will be accounted in the research. The reason for using weights is difference of importance of criteria in terms of the objective of evaluation. In the paper different subjective methods of estimation of weights of criteria are discussed, objective and cumulative weights are covered as well.
Axioms of real numbers, and the beginning teaching of the analysis
Authors: Puriuškis Gintaras
Published: May 2020

This paper provides an overview of the definitions of real numbers. We pose the axiomatic definition of correctness question. Provided examples of sets that are consistent with some definitions of real numbers, but not in with us usual set of real numbers. Attention is drawn to the mathematical analysis of teaching beginning and claims proof of clearance.
P. Masiotas in education mathematics equations in periodical journal „Švietimo darbas“
Authors: Ragalytė Birutė , Paukštienė Alma
Published: May 2020

P. Masiotas teaching mathematics equation in periodical journal „Švietimo darbas“ between the two word wars are introduced in article. These articles provide unconventional solutions to the equation.
Mathematics education in distance studies
Authors: Kasparavičiūtė Aurelija , Chadyšas Viktoras
Published: May 2020

The article elaborated the concept of distance learning and consider distance learning techniques, which are currently used in mathematics education, through distance learning in Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU).
Mathematics at National Pedagogical Institute: subjects and teachers
Authors: Banionis Juozas
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the development of the subjects of mathematics and the teachers who taught them at National Pedagogical Institute in 1935–1943. National Pedagogical Institute was initially established in Klaipėda in 1935, moved to Panevėžys in 1939 and in the same year finally established in Vilnius. Alongside with the teachers M. Mačernis, P. Naujokaitis, M. Krikščiūnas who devoted many years to teaching there were well known mathematicians O.E. Stanaitis and G. Žilinskas. In 1935–1943, methodology of calculus and geometry gained the grounds, and content of mathematics developed from elementary mathematics to high mathematics.
Resource description framework based methodology to personalise learning
Authors: Krikun Irina , Kurilovas Eugenijus
Published: May 2020

The paper aims to analyse Educational Data Mining/Learning Analytics application trends to personalise learning. First of all, systematic literature review was performed. Based on the systematic review analysis, the main trends on applying educational data mining methods to personalise learning were identified. Second, three main tendencies on educational data mining/learning analytics application in education were formulated. They are: (a) Educational Data Mining/Learning Analytics support self-directed autonomous learning; (b) Educational Data Mining/Learning Analytics systems become essential tools of educational management; and (c) most teaching is delegated to computers, and Educational Data Mining/Learning Analytics based recommendations become better and more reliable than those that can be produced by even the best-trained teachers.
A puzzle or mathematical problem?
Authors: Mačys Juozas Juvencijus , Sušinskas Jurgis
Published: May 2020

In the paper it is illustrated by some examples the difference between a mathematical problem, computer problem and puzzle. It is given detailed solution of the mathematical problem considered.
Funny math: games during lectures
Authors: Suboč Olga
Published: May 2020

In this article are introduced some techniques to present mathematical tasks in puzzle or game form to add variety during lectures and help students to uptake new theoretical knowledge and concepts. Sudoku-type puzzles are constructed using basic problems that students solve during practice lectures. Crosswords of concepts are used to summarize through lectures received theoretical knowledge.
Henrikas Jasiūnas – the founder of the museum of Lithuanian mathematicians
Authors: Laurinčikas Antanas , Verikaitė Vitolda
Published: May 2020

In the paper, a survey on the life and activity of the former and longtime chief of the Lithuanian museum of mathematicians Doc. Henrikas Jasiūnas (1925–2015) is given. The main directions of the museum work in variuos periods are shortly discussed, the public importance of this cultural institution is disclosed.
Artificial neural network for learning personalisation
Authors: Berniukevičius Andrius , Kurilovas Eugenijus
Published: May 2020

The paper aims to suggest a method of using artificial neural for learning personalisation. Learning personalisation consists form learning style identification then linking it to learning activities and objects which correspond to learning style. But the problem is that learning style identified by questionnaire cannot guarantee adequacy and objectivity. In order to overcome this issue we can use artificial neural network which could analyse learner in learning activities and interactionwith learning objects and correct learning style and scenarios characteristics according to collected information.
New record of metacercariae of the North American Posthodiplostomum centrarchi (Digenea, Diplostomidae) in pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) in Hungary
Authors: Cech Gábor , Sándor Diána , Molnár Kálmán , Paulus Petra , Papp Melitta , Preiszner Bálint , Vitál Zoltán , Varga Ádám , Székely Csaba
Published: May 2020

Two species of the genus Posthodiplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomatidae) (Posthodiplostomum brevicaudatum Nordmann, 1832 and Posthodiplostomum cuticola Nordmann, 1832) are known as parasites of Hungarian native fishes. Metacercariae of P. cuticola are widespread in Europe and cause black spot disease. Several species of Posthodiplostomum were described also from North America but none of them has been isolated in Hungary up to now. Posthodiplostomum centrarchi Hoffman, 1958 has been detected recently in pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus L., 1758) in several European countries. Posthodiplostomum centrarchi was isolated for the first time in Hungary from pumpkinseeds caught in the Maconka water reservoir in 2015. Thereafter, several natural waters (e.g. the River Danube, Lake Balaton and the Sió channel) were sampled in order to determine its presence and distribution. Only the native species P. cuticola was detected in Lake Balaton on cyprinids but a relatively high infection rate of P. centrarchi was observed in the Sió channel close to the lake. Pathological changes were absent, and metacercariae were mostly attached to the surface of the liver, kidney and heart. The phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and COI sequences of P. centrarchi and P. cuticola clustered into two distinct branches, which was in agreement with the morphological results.
First broad-range molecular screening of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) kaiseri, with special emphasis on piroplasms
Authors: Hornok Sándor , Sándor Attila D. , Földvári Gábor , Ionică Angela M. , Silaghi Cornelia , Takács Nóra , Schötta Anna-margarita , Wijnveld Michiel
Published: May 2020

Recently, the occurrence of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) kaiseri has been reported for the first time in several European countries, but data on the molecular analysis of this hard tick species are still lacking. Therefore, in this study DNA extracts of 28 I. kaiseri (collected from dogs and red foxes in Germany, Hungary and Romania) were screened with reverse line blot hybridisation (RLB), PCR and sequencing for the presence of 43 tick-borne pathogens or other members of their families from the categories of Anaplasmataceae, piroplasms, rickettsiae and borreliae. Rickettsia helvetica DNA was detected in one I. kaiseri female (from a red fox, Romania), for the first time in this tick species. Six ticks (from red foxes, Romania) contained the DNA of Babesia vulpes, also for the first time in the case of I. kaiseri. Molecular evidence of R. helvetica and B. vulpes in engorged I. kaiseri does not prove that this tick species is a vector of the above two pathogens, because they might have been taken up by the ticks from the blood of foxes. In addition, one I. kaiseri female (from a dog, Hungary) harboured Babesia sp. badger type-B, identified for the first time in Hungary and Central Europe (i.e. it has been reported previously from Western Europe and China). The latter finding can be explained by either the susceptibility of dogs to Babesia sp. badger type-B, or by transstadial survival of this piroplasm in I. kaiseri.
Modulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system by steroid hormones during the oestrous cycle in mares
Authors: Satué Katy , Montesinos Paloma , Muñoz Ana
Published: May 2020

In women and females of different species of laboratory animals, oestrogens stimulate the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) by increasing tissue and circulating levels of angiotensinogen and renin during the preovulatory period. Progesterone and cortisol compete with aldosterone for mineralocorticoid receptors, which results in increased Na+ reabsorption during the postovulatory period. The purpose of the current research was to analyse the relationship of oestradiol-17β, progesterone and cortisol with RAAS in 23 mares during an oestrous cycle. During the preovulatory period, significant positive correlations of oestradiol-17β with renin and aldosterone concentrations and negative correlations of progesterone with renin and aldosterone concentrations were found. In contrast, during the postovulatory period, oestradiol-17β concentrations were positively correlated with angiotensin concentrations and progesterone was negatively correlated with this component of the RAAS. Cortisol concentrations were not correlated with the hormones of the RAAS, neither before nor after ovulation. This research demonstrates that, as occurs in other species, changes in the RAAS during the periovulatory period in mares may be modulated by variations in the concentrations of steroid hormones.
Characterization of automorphisms of twisted tensor biproducts
Authors: Xing Wang , Quanguo Chen , Dingguo Wang
Published: May 2020

We study certain subgroups of the full group of Hopf algebra automorphisms of twisted tensor biproducts.
Piety, Practices of Reading, and Inquisition. A Catalan Saint Cyprian Prayer from 1557 and Its Context1
Authors: Smid Bernadett
Published: May 2020

The author of this article focuses on a defendant of an Inquisition trial (1641–1644) and its sources, namely a healing hermit and the Saint Cyprian prayer, published in Catalan in 1557 and used by the hermit as a verbal charm. Beyond the philological and folkloristic study of the prayer text, this paper presents the vulgarisation of reading skills and the realization of reading practice in a specific social context in the Principality of Catalonia. The author uses the most important and relevant theological literature of the period and the attestations of the trial as keys of reading. She pays special attention to the context of prayer and its actual social use. Her aim is to analyse the textual elements and gestures of the healing rite; hence, she investigates the probable readings of the healing specialist, which makes possible to reach a deeper understanding of the hermit’s role as a cultural mediator.
Native and Non-native Saints in Eighteenth and Nineteenth-Century Irish-Language Charm Historiolas
Authors: Wolf Nicholas
Published: May 2020

An examination of surviving healing charm texts originating in Ireland between 1700 and the mid-nineteenth century suggests a strong link between the contents of this corpus and a select few national saints (Columcille, Bridget, and Patrick) and international Catholic religious figures (Christ, Mary, and the Apostles). By contrast, local Irish saints, which otherwise figure so prominently in religious practices of the time, are significantly underrepresented in the Irish charm corpus of this time period. This essay looks at the long-term status of highly localized saints in religious and medical discourse, the effect of church centralization in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, and the rise of select national saints as factors in this feature of the Irish charms.
The Etiology of a Disorder (Dis-ease) and the Restoration of Order (Therapy). Α Case of a Greek Belief Narrative Connected with Charms against Abdominal Diseases
Authors: Passalis Haralampos
Published: May 2020

Although belief narratives and charms are regarded as two different folklore genres with different modes of transmission, performance and function, they are both in a constant dialectical relationship, yielding mutual feedback. One of the main forms of this interactive relationship concerns the etiology of a dis-ease (construction of a dis-order, i.e. belief narratives) and its therapeutic treatment (restoration of order, i.e. charms). This relationship between the cause of diseases and their treatment is clearly reflected in a Christian content belief narrative closely associated with incantations used to heal abdominal diseases. The basic personage embodying this belief narrative – registered in many and different areas of Greece – is the figure of a monk or Christ himself, who, often disguised as a beggar, is hosted by a family. Violations of both religious norms associated with fasting and social ethics connected with accepted behaviour towards a guest have as a result the manifestation of an abdominal disease, which eventually the monk or Christ treats using an incantation. This article shows that the parallel analysis of legends and charms, where possible, is necessary since it can provide useful information, not only on the ways by which the charm text is produced and reproduced, but also on the position and status of the genre in the context of a wider folk religious system. Furthermore, it could contribute to the understanding of the charm text, without which the knowledge of the belief narrative is often incomprehensible, if not nonsensical.
THE MULTIPLE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE PRONOUN ʾULĀʾIKA IN THE QURʾĀN
Authors: Yehudit Dror
Published: May 2020

Demonstrative pronouns may function as deictic or anaphoric pronouns. The demonstrative pronoun ʾulāʾika in Arabic is the focus of this paper. It is argued that in the Qurʾān, besides being an anaphoric/resumptive pronoun, which primarily functions as the syntactic subject, it has three additional functions: (1) as a resumptive pronoun of the left-dislocation construction, helping in retrieving the predicate, which usually consists of a short clause following a ‘heavy’ subject. (2) Possibly it has the same function as ḍamīr al-faṣl, ‘separation pronoun’—namely, ʾulāʾika occurs in a simple sentence where it separates a definite subject and a definite predicate. It also occurs between subject and predicate, while both are constructed as relative clauses, and between a ‘heavy’ subject and indefinite predicate. (3) As a number marker in conditional clauses that are headed by the conditional particle man, and two kinds of number agreement are exhibited in the clause: singular and plural.ʾulāʾika in this case marks the transition from the grammatical-number feature associated with man to the notional number of man.
Social Distancing and Coordination
Authors: Sipahi Esra , Artantaş Erkin
Published: May 2020

The social distance critical to alleviate the spread of COVID-19 is quite insufficient. In order to contribute to the literature, "(1) When a rare virus such as COVID-19 appears, when the total level of social distance has natural inertia; (2) Open national public statements are essential to reduce this inertia and adjust the public's behavior to a new, optimal social distance level. (3) When individuals are not adequately informed about optimal social distance levels over time, national communication is more effective than local communication.
Fundamental Research in Oncology and Thrombosis 2 (FRONTLINE 2): A Follow-Up Survey
Authors: Kakkar Ajay K. , Bauersachs Rupert , Falanga Anna , Wong John , Kayani Gloria , Kahney Alex , Hughes Rodney , Levine Mark
Published: May 2020

Background

Fundamental Research in Oncology and Thrombosis (FRONTLINE) is a global survey of physicians' perceptions and practice in the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer.

Materials and Methods

The present survey, FRONTLINE 2, follows the original FRONTLINE survey (published in The Oncologist in 2003) and provides insights into how physicians perceive risk of VTE in cancer and approach its prophylaxis and treatment.

Results

Between November 2015 and February 2016, 5,233 respondents participated, representing cancer physicians and surgeons. Most believed that less than one in five patients with any cancer might be at risk of VTE, with a slightly higher risk in patients with brain, pancreatic, and lung tumors. The most frequently reported reasons for giving prophylaxis were prior history of VTE (74.6%), abnormal platelet count (62.0%), and obesity (59.5%). In surgical and medical cancer patients, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was the most popular prophylactic measure, used by 74.2% and 80.6%, respectively. Oral anticoagulants (OACs) were given in less than one fifth of cases. In surgical patients, prophylaxis was usually provided for 1 month postoperatively. Following a diagnosis of VTE, patients initially received treatment with LMWH and were maintained long term on OACs, primarily warfarin, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban. Most surgical and medical cancer patients underwent treatment of VTE for 3–6 months.

Conclusion

Compared with the original FRONTLINE survey, FRONTLINE 2 reveals some differences in the management of VTE in patients with cancer. Newer anticoagulants such as fondaparinux, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban are being incorporated into the contemporary management of VTE in patients with cancer.

Implications for Practice

This globally conducted survey of more than 5,000 cancer clinicians revealed a number of insights into the perceived risk for venous thromboembolism as well as contemporary approaches to its prevention and treatment. Although guidelines have consistently recommended anticoagulant medications for prevention and treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis, clinicians report substantial variation in their practice.
Tissue Sample Preparation for LC-MS Analysis v1
Authors: Chan Joanne , Jian Ruiqi , jiang lihua
Published: May 2020

This protocol describes the procedure for protein lysate extraction, enzymatic digestion, TMT labeling for LC-MS analysis, and clean-up procedures using acetone precipitation and desalting methods. Proper sample preparation and clean-up are extremely important to ensuring quality LC-MS data and reproducibility. Tissues tend to vary more than cells and extra care should be taken as MS is sensitive to any sample variation. In addition, proper clean-up is a preventative measure to less damage to the instruments and superior data. Here, we describe each step in detail on how to process tissue samples prior to analysis.
EVALUATION OF TEST ITEMS EFFICACY IN PROMOTING STROKE REHABILITATION IN THE RAT STROKE MODEL (t-MCAO). v1
Authors: Levy Aharon , Krakovsky Michael
Published: May 2020

The objective of this protocol is to present the details of the procedures for evaluating test items’ (such as small molecules, biologics, and others) efficacy in promoting stroke rehabilitation, in the rat transient Middle Cerebral Carotid Occlusion (t-MCAO) model.
Imaging Mass Cytometry Antibody Staining v1
Authors: Daniel Michelle , Jorgensen Marda
Published: May 2020

The following SOP describes procedures required for the antibody staining of formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. In this SOP, the term “samples” refers to FFPE tissue samples.
Cardiac risk stratification in stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Tolpygina S. N. , Martsevich S. Yu.
Published: May 2020

Despite a gradually decreased mortality from cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD), they remain the main cause of death in the world. In the coming decades, an increased prevalence of CAD is expected. While methods that are more sensitive are used to diagnose CAD and mortality of the acute forms decreases due to high-tech treatment methods, the prevalence of CAD chronic forms is gradually increasing. According to the modern clinical guidelines, examination and treatment of a particular patient with stable CAD depends on its prognosis, since only in high-risk patients myocardial revascularization can improve life prognosis, however, most patients receive unified therapy. Despite the fact that there are many prognostically significant factors, models and indices developed to assess the risk of death and cardiovascular complications in CAD, a unified approach to risk stratification does not currently exist. The article provides a literary review of how historically the main prognostically significant signs were identified (including clinical anamnestic and psychosocial characteristics, comorbidity, data of non-invasive instrumental studies such as electrocardiography, echocardiography, tests with dosed physical activity, invasive coronary angiography and some of the existing prognostic models and indices that can help a practitioner in stratifying the risk of cardiovascular complications in a patient with stable CAD.
Scleroderma as a paraneoplastic syndrome and tumors associated with scleroderma
Authors: Shostak N. A. , Klimenko A. A. , Demidova N. A. , Andriyashkina D. Yu.
Published: May 2020

Patients with systemic scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis (SS), have an increased risk of developing malignant neoplasms. Cancer can be diagnosed immediately prior to SS symptoms, at the stage of diagnosis and years after SS diagnosis. The first two cases may indicate scleroderma-like paraneoplastic syndrome. In this case, the main mechanism of paraneoplastic syndrome development is associated with immune system activation by antigens, expressed by tumor cells, which leads to the development of antibodies that cross-react with body tissues, causing damage and secondary regeneration. Thus, cancer induces autoimmunity – mutation-specific T-cell immune response, and pathogenetic mechanisms can be the same for fibrogenesis and oncogenesis.SS clinical and laboratory characteristics that indicate paraneoplastic etiology include minimum time difference between diagnosing scleroderma and cancer, as well as oncopathology in a patient’s or family cancer history, late disease onset (after 50 years), SS symptoms in a man, sudden onset and rapid progression of clinical symptoms, expressed or atypical SS symptoms (malaise, fever, significant weight loss), asymmetric or absent Raynaud syndrome, antibodies against RNA polymerase III, absence of anticentromeric antibodies and anti-Scl70, deviations in laboratory tests indicating possible oncopathology (anemia, hypercalcemia, hypergammaglobulinemia), no response to SS treatment, disappearance of SS symptoms after anticancer treatment and their appearance when cancer reactivation. On the other hand, patients with scleroderma have an increased risk of all types of cancer, with men at higher risk than women. Continuous autoimmune stimulation, B-cell activation, chronic inflammatory process and fibrosis in SS patients can lead to malignant transformation in certain organ systems, especially in lungs.The most important risk factor for lung cancer in SS patients is interstitial lung disease, requiring special attention from a physician. In addition to lung cancer, SS patients more likely than the general population suffer from malignant hematologic diseases, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and bladder cancer. Scleroderma-like skin changes are also possible when cytotoxic drugs are used to treat cancer (docetaxel, paclitaxel, bleomycin, etc.), as well as during radiation therapy.
Possibilities of therapy with beta‑blockers in the perioperative period in patients during cardiac and extra‑cardiac surgery
Authors: Kotova D. P. , Shemenkova V. S. , Demina V. A.
Published: May 2020

Сardiac complications are the most frequent non-surgical complications after surgical interventions, increasing the length of the patient’s stay in the hospital, the economic costs and the percentage of deaths. The frequency of patients with cardiovascular diseases who require surgery is also high. Optimization of drug therapy in the perioperative period is one of the factors of successful outcome of the surgical intervention.

The pathophysiological basis for the development of many cardiac events in the postoperative period is an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which leads to an increase in heart rate (HR) and myocardial oxygen demand. These changes may increase the risk of myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular events in the early postoperative period. For example, the development of myocardial infarction (MI) in the perioperative period leads to an increase in hospital mortality by 15–25 %, and increase in the risk of developing cardiac death in the next few months.

The main group of drugs for relieving these effects is beta-blockers (BB). This drug class has a wide range of applications: treatment of angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, MI, heart failure. Currently, there is a large evidence for the possibility and feasibility of using BB in patients undergoing surgery.

In this article, the authors highlights the issues of prescribing BB in patients with comorbid pathology in the perioperative period. The analysis and comparison of studies on various aspects of BB use in the perioperative period performed. Currently, there is a mixed opinion about the benefits and risks of perioperative therapy of BB, which causes the high relevance of this issue for discussion.
Dostoevsky in English Literature
Authors: Golovyashkina M.A.
Published: May 2020

There is the task of studying the degree of influence of the famous works of F.M. Dostoevsky on English-language literature and culture in general. Statements are given and the opinion of the great English-speaking literary classics about the works of Dostoevsky and the Russian-language novel is described. The author considers the main critical articles, essays and theses related to the Dostoevsky and his works, written by famous English-speaking novelists and literary critics of that era and the next one. Among them: Matthew Arnold, George Gissing, George Meredith, Oscar Wilde and others. The article describes the interpretation of their opinions about the great Russian writer’s works and on the degree of his influence on the literary trends of his contemporaries. The author gives a comparison between the images of the characters of the Dostoevsky novels and other English-speaking authors, which is sometimes amazing. In addition, the article presents a list of special courses that are currently being studied at universities and colleges in the USA and Great Britain dedicated to Dostoevsky.
Dostoevsky, Western Writers and Schola
Authors: Gubanova L.V. , Petrova M.O. , Vejber E.N.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the review of the relations of the great Russian writer F. M. Dostoevsky, Western writers and scientists. We consider the mutual influence of Dostoevsky on Western literature and Vice versa. Dostoevsky belongs to writers whose biography is closely connected with their work. Dostoevsky's attempts to penetrate deeply into the soul are attempts to understand himself. This is why he was able to penetrate so deeply into the soul of his characters. Despite the fact that Dostoevsky was strongly influenced by Western European writers (Dickens, Schiller, Hoffman, etc.), he believed that the European way is disastrous for Russia and the great future of Russia, which will save the whole world, is possible only in Christ, in Orthodoxy, in the Church. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky is a writer who created unforgettable realistic pictures of the world. Dostoevsky can be loved, admired, and hated (like Nabokov), but the fact that he is a genius writer cannot be denied.
Labialization in Ægean and Nakh-Daghestanian Languages
Authors: Tardivo G.
Published: May 2020

This article consists of three parts: 1. the Substratum of the Greek language; 2. Synchronous studies of the vocabulary of the Nakh-Dagestani languages; 3. Diachrony. It is well known that languages of the same group or even of the same family undergo a fixed process of sound changes. The Greek written form of substratum words has preserved its original sound; or, in any case, it shows its final stage of development, caused by joint articulation and monophthonging. There is no reason to claim a "bad vocal system" for these languages. However, there are serious reasons to believe that the words of the pre-Greek substratum preserved in modern Greek, and some native words of the Nakh-Dagestan subgroup of the Iberian-Caucasian languages may have a common history or go back to the same form. For example, the Lak language shows the same situation as pre-Greek, as I. Tsertsvadze writes in the article " On the question of vowels e and o in Lak.
A Lexicographic Description of the Concept “Anger”
Authors: Yarovikova Y.V.
Published: May 2020

The paper seeks to outline the content of the concept “anger” as it is represented both in print and online lexicographic resources. The study is based upon the data gained directly from mono- and bilingual thesauruses, dictionaries of etymology, phraseology and idioms. The subject of the study is the semantic structure of the lexeme “anger” that names the corresponding concept in the English language. Etymological, definitional and contextual analyses revealed the lexeme’s diachronic transformations that underlie its semantics in Modern English. The data obtained in the analyses also contributed to identifying a wide range of usual cognitive characteristics that constitute the notional component of the concept. The choice of this issue is determined primarily by linguists’ continuing interest in representing a person’s interior by language means. The findings of the study make a contribution to the further development of issues relating to the linguistic expression of the human inner world in Modern Germanic languages from linguocognitive and anthropological perspectives.
Inmunoterapia en cáncer: de los inicios al premio Nobel
Authors: Vasquez Liliana , Castro Denisse , De León Joel , Beltrán Brady
Published: May 2020

La inmunoterapia ha significado un gran avance científico en el tratamiento del cáncer en los últimos años, siendo considerada como la piedra angular terapéutica de algunas neoplasias. Sin embargo, en algunos tipos de cáncer sólo una fracción de pacientes alcanza beneficio, planteando los desafíos y limitantes que nos llevan a la necesidad de entender la complejidad de la biología tumoral, el microambiente tumoral y la capacidad de respuesta de cada agente. Los resultados superan actualmente lo alcanzado por la quimioterapia convencional, aunque aún no se puede precisar si estas respuestas son duraderas o representan curación. En la presente revisión, se propone un enfoque amplio sobre la inmunoterapia en cáncer, desde los conceptos básicos hasta su aplicación clínica, descubrimiento que fue galardonado con el Premio Nobel de Medicina en el 2018.
Sensibilización a aeroalérgenos en una población pediátrica peruana con enfermedades alérgicas
Authors: García-Gomero David , López-Talledo María del Carmen , Galván-Calle César , Muñoz-León Ricardo , Matos-Benavides Edgar , Toribio-Dionicio Crhistian , Córdova-Calderón Wilmer
Published: May 2020

Con el objetivo de determinar el perfil de sensibilización a aeroalérgenos en pacientes pediátricos con asma y/o rinitis alérgica se realizó un estudio transversal en 411 pacientes usando una prueba cutánea de alergia. Se analizó la edad, sexo, nivel de IgE total y eosinófilos. La edad media fue de 8,1 ± 3,7 años y el 60,6% fueron varones. La media de los eosinófilos y el nivel de IgE total fue de 450,1 ± 377,3 células/mm3 y 861,7 ± 757,6 IU/mL, respectivamente. Los ácaros fueron los alérgenos sensibilizantes más frecuentes (79,8%) y el Dermatophagoides farinae (65,2%) fue el más común. La polisensibilización estuvo presente en el 76,2% de los pacientes. La sensibilización se evidenció en la mayoría de los pacientes con asma y/o rinitis alérgica y estuvo asociada con la edad, grupos etarios y nivel de IgE total.