bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The phenomenon of drought in Ethiopia: Historical evolution and climatic forcing
Authors: Mulualem Getachew Mehabie , Raju U. Jaya Parakash , Stojanovic Milica , Sorí Rogert
Published: May 2024

This study examines drought patterns in Ethiopia's 12 major river basins from 1981 to 2018 using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Both indices reveal historical drought episodes with slight variations, with significant differences in 1984, 2009, and 2015. Except for the Wabi-Shebelle catchment in southern Ethiopia, all river basins show an increasing trend in SPI12 and SPEI12 indices. The eastern and central regions experience more drought according to SPEI3. Seasonal correlations show that during the March–May rainy season, precipitation is negatively correlated with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index, while in the June–September season, it negatively correlates with Nino 3.4 and positively with IOD. The study also found that El Niño leads to less rainfall in the Ethiopian highlands, while La Niña results in more rainfall in the central and northern highlands but less in the south.
Technology for designing structural-mental schemes for calculation tasks
Authors: Pak N. I. , Asaulenko E. V.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study. Modern teaching tools and methods, as a rule, implicitly rely on the “black box” model. In contrast, the “white box” model has clear didactic advantages. Unfortunately, they are difficult to implement in the educational process due to the lack of available ways to construct this model. The purpose of the study is to develop a technology for constructing a “white box” model in the form of a structural and mental scheme of calculation tasks in the field of elementary physics. This technology involves the use of calculation primitives to design task schemes by superposition.

Materials and methods. Development of technology for constructing the “white box” model in the form of a structural and mental scheme of calculation tasks in the field of elementary physics. The use of calculation primitives to construct task schemes by superposition. Determining the complexity of a specific task through the number of primitives involved in the “route” of the solution. Organization of students’ training according to the “white box” model with visualization of the process of forming skills to solve calculation tasks.

Results. Schemes have the ability to ensure the strength and completeness of the formation of the ability to solve problems of the student. At the same time, the variety of routes and the set of weights of the paths make up the information model of learning. As an example, structural and mental schemes on the topic “thermal phenomena” are presented. They show the need to use several types of primitives, in particular, function primitives, sum primitives. Structural and mental schemes allow students to organize training according to the “white box” model, visualize the process of formation and development of students’ skills to solve calculation tasks, thereby ensuring control and self-control of educational activities.

Conclusion. Based on the provisions of the mental approach, a technology for constructing structural and mental schemes representing a cognitive way of thinking in solving computational problems is proposed. The basic technology is computational primitives, with the help of which problem schemes are constructed by superposition. The complexity of a particular task is determined by the number of primitives involved in the “route” of the solution. The proposed technology is applicable to the construction of structural and mental schemes of computational problems in various subject areas.
New Carbothioamide and Carboxamide Derivatives of 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid as Potent VEGFR-2 Inhibitors: Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Cytotoxicity Assessment
Authors: Heriz Mohammad Hamza , Razzak Mahmood Ammar A. , Tahtamouni Lubna H. , Al-Sakhen Mai F. , Kanaan Sana I. , Saleh Khaled M. , Yasin Salem R.
Published: May 2024

Introduction/Background:

Because of the well-established link between angiogenesis
and tumor development, the use of antiangiogenic therapeutics, such as those targeting VEGFR-2,
presents a promising approach to cancer treatment. In the current study, a set of five hydrazine-1-
carbothioamide (compounds 3a-e) and three hydrazine-1-carboxamide derivatives (compounds
4a-c) were successfully synthesized from 3-phenoxybenzoic acid. These compounds were specially
created as antiproliferative agents with the goal of targeting cancer cells by inhibiting VEGFR-
2 tyrosine kinase.

Materials and Methods:

The new derivatives were synthesized by conventional organic methods,
and their structure was versified by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectroscopy. In silico investigation
was carried out to identify the compounds’ target, molecular similarity, ADMET, and toxicity
profile. The cytotoxic activity of the prepared compounds was evaluated in vitro against three
human cancer cell lines (DLD1 colorectal adenocarcinoma, HeLa cervical cancer, and HepG2 hepatocellular
carcinoma). The effects of the leading compound on cell cycle progression and apoptosis
induction were investigated by flow cytometry, and the specific apoptotic pathway triggered
by the treatment was evaluated by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Finally, the inhibitory activities
of the new compounds against VEGFR-2 was measured.

Results:

The designed derivatives exhibited comparable binding positions and interactions to the
VEGFR-2 binding site to that of sorafenib (a standard VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor), as determined
by molecular docking analysis. Compound 4b was the most cytotoxic compound, achieving
the lowest IC50 against HeLa cells. Compound 4b, a strong representative of the synthesized series,
induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, increased the proportion of necrotic and apoptotic
HeLa cells, and activated caspase 3. The EC50 value of compound 4b against VEGFR-2 kinase
activity was comparable to sorafenib’s.

Conclusion:

Overall, the findings suggest that compound 4b has a promising future as a starting
point for the development of new anticancer drugs.
Challenges in Distinguishing Rectal Leiomyosarcoma from Ovarian Malignancy: A Diagnostic Conundrum
Authors: Kumar Naina , Srirambhatla Annapurna , Shetty Aparna , Mangla Mishu , Roy Subhrajyoti
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Rectal leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor accounting
for <0.1% of all malignant colorectal neoplasms and carries a grave prognosis.

Case Presentation:

A 50-year-old postmenopausal, P3L3 woman presented with complaints of abdominal
pain for two months, dark-colored loose stools, 10-15 episodes per day for 2-3 months, and
gradual weight loss for 4-5 months. On ultrasonography and MRI of the pelvis, a large irregular lobulated
ill-defined solid lesion was seen arising from the right side of the pelvis measuring 14x8x14cm.
The right ovary was not observed to be separate from the mass. There was omental thickening and
peritoneal deposits with ascites. The final impression suggested a right-sided malignant ovarian mass
with peritoneal dissemination (ORADS-5) with a differential leiomyosarcoma. Her tumor markers (CA-
125; CA19-9, and CEA) were raised. Given the strong dilemma between ovarian malignancy and leiomyosarcoma
and the advanced stage of the disease, the patient was planned for an ultrasound-guided
biopsy of the lesion. The histopathological report revealed atypical spindle cell proliferation with myoid
features with the presence of multiple mitotic figures. The diagnosis of rectal leiomyosarcoma was further
confirmed with immunohistochemical tests, which were positive for actin and desmin and negative
for CD 117 and S100. The patient was referred to oncosurgeon for further management and was
planned for surgical resection followed by chemotherapy with intravenous doxorubicin.

Conclusion:

Rectal leiomyosarcoma is commonly misdiagnosed as ovarian malignancy because of
its exophytic growth and similar clinical features at the time of the presentation. Hence, clinicians
must be aware of these differentials for the successful management of cases.
Microbiota and COVID-19: A Novel Diagnostic Approach to Health and Diseases
Authors: Venkatesan Dhivya , Kaur Sheetal , Iyer Mahalaxmi , Gomathi Mohan , Rastmanesh Reza , Vellingiri Balachandar
Published: May 2024

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease caused by a novel virus,
SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19-infected people have high chance of altered microbiota in various regions
of the human body, such as gut, oral, and respiratory pathways. In one such case, gastrointestinal
symptoms are mostly caused by the disturbances in gut microbiota. The gut microbiota shows magnificent
changes in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The impairment of microbiota levels in humans
can lead to various neurological diseases. Here, in the present chapter, we have discussed the
probable mechanistic approaches of SARS-CoV-2 infection altering microbiota present in the gut,
oral, and respiratory regions, thereby leading to neurological diseases – Parkinson’s Disease (PD),
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and depression mediated by inflammatory cytokines. We conclude that
although there are many underpinnings in the current knowledge on the mechanism of COVID-19-
related microbiota disturbance, it can be speculated that these mechanistic approaches may be more
than just a coincidence. We advise conducting extensive epidemiologic investigations to develop
diagnostic and therapeutic options in the future.
DNA Polymorphisms and Genetic Fingerprint
Authors: Toor Itrat Fatima
Published: May 2024

DNA polymorphisms are variations in the genetic sequence that occur
within a population. These polymorphisms can be used as genetic markers to identify
individuals, determine familial relationships, and study population genetics. Genetic
fingerprinting is a widely used method for identifying individuals based on DNA
polymorphisms. Genetic fingerprinting involves the analysis of DNA polymorphisms
at multiple loci to generate a unique genetic profile for an individual. The most
common types of DNA polymorphisms used for genetic fingerprinting are short
tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). STRs are short,
repeated sequences of DNA that vary in length between individuals. They are highly
polymorphic and generate DNA profiles by analyzing the number of repeats at each
locus. SNP markers, on the other hand, are single nucleotide variations that occur at
specific positions within the genome. They are less polymorphic than STRs, but
genetic mapping and association studies are widely used. Genetic fingerprinting has
many applications, including forensic science, paternity testing, and conservation
biology. However, the use of genetic data also raises ethical concerns regarding privacy
and discrimination.
Application of Molecular Biology in Gene Therapy
Authors: Shafiq Maheen
Published: May 2024

 Gene therapy treats genetic and acquired diseases by introducing functional
genes into cells to replace or correct defective genes. The field of molecular biology
has played a significant role in the development of gene therapy, providing tools and
techniques to manipulate and analyze genes and their expression. One of the main
challenges in gene therapy is the efficient delivery of therapeutic genes to the target
cells. Molecular biology has provided a range of vectors, such as viruses and plasmids,
that can be used to deliver genes to cells and methods to modify these vectors to
improve their efficacy and safety. Molecular biology has also contributed to the
development of gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, which can be used to
correct or modify genes at the genomic level. This approach can potentially treat
genetic disorders by targeting the underlying genetic mutations. In addition, molecular
biology has facilitated the development of methods to regulate gene expressions, such
as gene silencing and RNA interference, which can be used to turn off genes that cause
disease. Despite the progress made in gene therapy, many challenges remain to be
addressed, including ensuring the safety and efficacy of gene therapy approaches.
Continued advancements in molecular biology are critical for developing safe and
effective gene therapies for treating genetic and acquired diseases.
challenges of transitioning from paper to electronic medical records
Authors: Alshammari Nawaf Mithqal Saleh , Alouthah ‏Mohammad Ghatyan Sulaiman , Alrshidi ‏Ahmed Saleh Madws , Alshammari ‏Mateb Falah Nahar , Alrasheidi ‏Bander Mohammad Haia , Alshammari ‏Mansour Fahad Nasser , Alsudais ‏Abdullah Sulaiman Abdullah , Alsaadi ‏Hamoud Faraj Freej , Alshammari ‏Saad Nghimish Khasram
Published: May 2024

The electronic medical record system is an essential instrument for enhancing healthcare by supporting improvements in patient care quality, patient safety, and cost savings via convenient access to medical data. Nevertheless, healthcare professionals' hesitant acceptance of the concept is accompanied by significant caution to guarantee its execution. The objective of this research was to ascertain the primary barriers to the adoption of the electronic medical record system as seen by doctors and nurses. A scoping study was conducted on scientific literature accessible in Pubmed, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to investigate the barriers to the acceptability of EMR systems. The scoping review included research that examined barriers to the use of the electronic medical record system by healthcare professionals. There are seven distinct categories of hurdles that have been identified: i. Technical ii. Financial iii. Time iv. Legal v. Organizational vi. Psychological, and vii. Social. The barriers most often cited were of a technical, financial, temporal, and legal nature. Furthermore, we also identified obstacles of an organizational, psychological, and social nature. The findings presented in this research may serve as a framework for the challenges that health professionals may encounter throughout the deployment process of the EMR system.
What is Diminished Virtuality? A Directional and Layer-Based Taxonomy for the Reality-Virtuality Continuum
Authors: Egger Jan , Gsaxner Christina , Kleesiek Jens , Puladi Behrus
Published: May 2024

The concept of reality-virtuality (RV) continuum was introduced by Paul Milgram and Fumio Kishino in 1994. It describes a spectrum that ranges from a purely physical reality (the real world) to a purely virtual reality (a completely computer-generated environment), with various degrees of mixed reality in between. This continuum is “realized” by different types of displays to encompass different levels of immersion and interaction, allowing for the classification of different types of environments and experiences. What is often overlooked in this concept is the act of diminishing real objects (or persons, animals, etc) from the reality, that is, a diminution, rather than augmenting it, that is, an augmentation. Hence, we want to propose in this contribution an update or modification of the RV continuum where the diminished reality aspect is more prominent. We hope this will help users, especially those who are new to the field, to get a better understanding of the entire extended reality (XR) topic, as well as assist in the decision-making for hardware (devices) and software or algorithms that are needed for new diminished reality applications. However, we also propose another, more sophisticated directional and layer-based taxonomy for the RV continuum that we believe goes beyond the mediated and multimediated realities. Furthermore, we initiate the question of whether the RV continuum truly ends on one side with physical reality.
Shoreline evolution in adjacent to a coastal structure in Hiep Thanh commune, Duyen Hai district, Tra Vinh province
Authors: Dinh Van Duy , Tran Thanh , Pham Dat , Lieu Do Nhut An , Tran Van Ty
Published: May 2024

Coastal erosion is significant along the coastline in Hiep Thanh commune, Duyen Hai district, Tra Vinh province, Viet Nam. In order to address this severe coastal erosion, the local community has constructed a concrete embankment as an emergency solution to protect the coastline. However, this solution exacerbates the issue since the fundamental processes of coastal erosion remain inadequately explored and understood. Specifically, in beach sections without the concrete embankment, erosion still occurs. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the shoreline changes adjacent to the embankment using an integrated approach with remote sensing and diffusion theory. The results show that beach erosion is occurring near the embankment at a rate of 44 meters per year, and the diffusion coefficient for longshore sand transport in the study area is 130 square meters per day. This study offers a practical approach to examining changes in the shoreline adjacent to a coastal structure, particularly valuable in situations where there is a scarcity of measured field data.
An investigation of timber frame housing in Vietnamese Mekong River Delta
Authors: Pham Phi Phuong , Pham Duy Quan , Le Hoang Thien Long , Le Thi Binh Phuong
Published: May 2024

Timber frame housing is one of the most common structures in many countries in the world. In Vietnam, timber frame buildings are well-known for having special whittling techniques that should be considered a lesson for modern methods. In the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta, the housing in rural areas was built mostly with timber frames, and some housing was built with bamboo frames and used natural materials such as nipa-leave, and coconut-leave. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the characteristics of timber frame housing in the Mekong River Delta. To achieve this, firstly, an on-site investigation of ten local housings in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta is carried out. Secondly, the architectural characteristics of local housing are introduced, and finally, we analyze the details of timber frames. The result shows that the timber frame housing in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta has the following features: simple structure, light framing, and a flexible connection to other local materials. These characteristics should be considered in detail as a lesson for housing design in the region.
Старомонгольская письменность в Байкальском регионе на современном этапе: курс на ревитализацию?
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova st., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Aktamov Innokenty G. , Badmatsyrenova Nadezhda B. ,   Banzarov Buryat State University (24a, Smolina st., 670000 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation)
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to provide an analysis of the development of the Mongolian script in the sociocultural context of the Baikal region in modern times. The main purpose of this article is to characterize the key trends in society from the point of view of sociolinguistic processes. Materials and methods. The research is based on a thorough examination of official data from the Government of the Republic of Buryatia, government departments of the Irkutsk region and Transbaikal region, as well as publications in the media and field materials gathered through an expert survey of heads of educational centers and language activists. The authors have adopted a systematic approach and applied a range of general scientific and special methods, including comparative historical and statistical methods, to conduct this study. Results and conclusions. It has been revealed that the Mongolian script has significant role in performing various socio-cultural functions. Mongolian script has gained widespread popularity in the form of calligraphy in the Baikal region. Furthermore, the language is deeply embedded with ethno cultural symbolism, making it a valuable source for the development of the Buryat language and culture as a whole. There is a growing interest in analyzing the language situation in Mongolia and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China, particularly in terms of the implementation of state language policy in perspective. The status and functional role of Mongolian script in these regions are of utmost importance in understanding its impact on the overall language landscape.
Деятельность пятого настоятеля Агинского дацана Галсан-Жимбы Тугулдурова (1817–1872/3)
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Bukhogolova Sayana B. , Batomunkueva Soelma R. , Garmaeva Snezhana P.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The article examines the biography and works of the 5th abbot of Aginsky datsan (Dechen Lhundublin) Galsan Zhimba Tuguldurov. The relevance of the study is determined by importance of the personality of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov. He was one of the most significant Buryat Buddhist leaders of the 19th century. Tuguldurov was one of the bright representatives of the Buryat priesthood, expert in Buddhist philosophy, astrology, medicine and lexicology (he compiled the first Buryat Tibetan-Mongolian dictionary Despite the weight of his multifaceted personality and the presence of works reflecting his activities, the information about the details of G. Tuguldurov's biography and writings continues to remain little known. The purpose of the article is to provide historiographic overview of researches on his biography and creative heritage, introduce some new information into scientific circulation. This information was obtained from archive documents written in Old Mongolic script from the preliminary translation of not studied before biography (namthar) of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov in Tibetan language. The title of the namthar is “The biography of Galsan-Zhimba Balzangpo — the abbot of the datsan Dechen Lhundubling (bde chen lhun grub gling gi khri pa chos rje skal bzang spyin pa dpal bzang po’i rnam thar gyi sa bon bzhugs)”. Materials and methods. The research is based on the works of Russian and Mongolian authors written in different times, archival data from funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia, Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies of the SB RAS and namthar of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov in Tibetan language (archive of Aginsky datsan). The following methods were used: collection, analysis and processing of data, historical-systematic and retrospective analysis. The results of the research helped to restore the chronology of activities of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov. For the first time the biography of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov with additional and clarifying information has been put into scientific circulation. Therefore, the restored biography of G.-Zh. Tuguldurov can make a significant contribution into academic researches, especially into reconstruction of the spread of Buddhism in the region.
Quantitative Exploration of High AI Usage, Self-Efficacy, Learning Performance, and Social Loafing Among Young Adults In Bangalore
Authors: Ullah Aimen Insha Mohd Vasi
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The present paper examines the intricate interplay between self-efficacy, learning performance, social loafing, and AI usage within educational contexts. Key findings unveil moderate positive correlations between self-efficacy and learning performance, juxtaposed with a subtle negative correlation between self-efficacy and AI usage. Yet, a delicate positive correlation emerges between social loafing and AI usage, signaling potential implications for student engagement and collaborative practices. The implications of these findings extend to educators, policymakers, and researchers, underscoring the imperative of ethical and informed AI integration in education. Moreover, the paper advocates for continued exploration into the multifaceted impacts of AI on student learning, offering valuable insights for enhancing educational practices in the digital era.
Enhancing Business Intelligence with Real-Time Sales Dashboards: Integrating SQL Databases and Power BI
Authors: Shelar Pratiksha
Published: May 2024

Abstract: In today's fast-paced business environment, the ability to make informed decisions swiftly is crucial for maintaining a competitive edge. This project proposes the integration of SQL databases and Power BI to develop a real-time sales dashboard, aimed at transforming how sales data is visualized and analysed within the organization. By harnessing the robust capabilities of SQL databases for structured data management and Power BI for data visualization and analytics, the project seeks to provide comprehensive insights into sales trends, performance metrics, and customer behaviours. The integration will enable the automatic synchronization of sales data from SQL databases to Power BI, facilitating the creation of interactive and dynamic dashboards. These dashboards will not only display key sales indicators and metrics but also allow users to drill down into specific data points for deeper analysis. The real-time nature of the data presented will empower sales managers and executives to make data-driven decisions rapidly, adjust strategies on the fly, and identify opportunities for growth and improvement with unprecedented speed and accuracy.
An Innovative Kot Ordering System for Restaurants
Authors: Saiyad Arshiyanaz
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This study proposes a digital menu ordering system to address challenges in the restaurant industry's digital transformation. Traditional paper-based methods lead to losses and inefficiencies. The system, using QR codes, enables customers to register, log in, and order online, with features like suggesting popular dishes and online payments. Managers gain real-time oversight of orders, tables, and payments, supported by sales data visualization. By automating tasks, the system reduces errors, enhances service, and streamlines operations, offering a transformative solution to industry challenges in the digital era.
BLDC Motor based Air Dessert Cooler
Authors: Awachat Sanidhya , Dadilwar Niyanta , Dhenge Devanshu , Kinake Kshitij , Dhamange Avish , Dharmik Bhavesh
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This paper proposes a new position sensorless drive for brushless DC (BLDC) motors.Growing need for high productivity is placing new demands on mechanisms connected with electrical motors. The demand for low costBrushless DC (BLDC) motor has increased in industrial applications. A simple BLDC motor control algorithm forlow cost motor drive applications using general purpose microcontrollers has been created and presented in this paper. Proposed design will allow the user to rotate the motor either clockwise or counter clockwise direction. Dependingon the rotor position the sensor will give response to the controller circuit. Then the controller circuit will fix the direction of current following to the stator. The design controller circuit is also implemented. The overall design consists of microcontroller circuit, logic gates, switching devices (MOSFET/BJT), BLDC motor, sensors.
Wall Painting Robot
Authors: Prakash Adithya , Ashwini  , Shetty Athmika , Pinto Lloyd Winston , Bhat Sowmya
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The automation of wall painting processes has garnered significant attention due to its potential to enhance efficiency, safety, and quality in the construction industry. This project focuses on developing an Automated Wall Painting system for both interior and exterior surfaces. The system employs readily available components such as Arduino Uno, NodeMCU, L293N HBridge Motor Driver, DC Motors, and other essential elements to achieve its objectives. The system comprises two primary components: the base and the support. The support component houses essential elements such as photoelectric seansors, paint spray mechanism, spray motor, and reservoir. Meanwhile, the base component incorporates four wheels, each driven by a DC motor, an obstacle sensor, and a 12V DC lead-acid battery for power supply. Upon activation, the system initiates the stepper motor, which drives the linear motion necessary for the support's back-and-forth movement along the wall surface. Simultaneously, the spray motor activates to ensure synchronized operation with the support motion, facilitating uniform paint application. This project addresses the challenges associated with manual wall painting, including labor intensiveness, safety concerns, and repetitive tasks. By automating the painting process, it aims to streamline operations, reduce labor dependency, and improve overall efficiency in construction projects. The system's simplicity, portability, and predictable performance make it a viable solution for enhancing productivity and safety in wall painting applications.
Essays on Disclosures
Authors:   , Hussain Sumair
Published: May 2024

This thesis examines disclosures related to firms. The first chapter “Disclosures Surrounding Cyber Attacks” (solo-authored) investigates whether how US-domiciled firms disclose (i.e. filing choice and content) a cyber-attack incident is associated with differential stock market reaction surrounding the first disclosure made to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The first chapter uses empirical archival data to illustrate disclosure choice and content is associated with differential stock market reactions. The first chapter also provides evidence that cybersecurity risk factor disclosures reflect cybersecurity risk, as textual properties of these risk factor disclosures change following a cyber-attack incident when benchmarked with a control firm that did not disclose a cyber-attack incident in the same period. The results of the first chapter may help guide the SEC's ongoing task of improving cybersecurity-related disclosures. The second chapter “Seeing is Believing: The Effect of R&D as a Separate Income Statement Line Item on Financial Statement Users’ Judgement” (co-authored with Jeppe Christoffersen and Thomas Plenborg) investigates the flexibility permitted under International Accounting Standard 1 (IAS 1), where firms can report the income statement using either the by function or by nature format. Specifically, the second chapter investigates the effect of (not) reporting research and development (R&D) expenses as a separate line item on the income statement. The second chapter uses an experimental setting to investigate if this (non) disclosure affects the users’ perception of the firm’s level of innovativeness and future profitability. The results suggest that the (non) disclosure does lead to differential perception, despite the final net income being held constant. The results of the second chapter may contribute to the ongoing debate related to the presentation format flexibility permitted under IAS 1. The third chapter “How Similar are CAMs and KAMs? Evidence from Twin Audit Matters” (co-authored with Brian Burnett and Bjørn Jørgensen) examines the similarity between Critical Audit Matters (CAMs) and Key Audit Matters (KAMs). CAMs and KAMs are recent disclosure requirements that are part of the expanded auditor report disclosure initiative that aims to increase audit transparency in the US and EU, respectively. Auditors of firms listed in the US are required to disclose CAMs whereas those listed on a European Union (EU) regulated stock exchange are required to disclose KAMs. The third chapter exploits a unique set of EU-domiciled firms that for the same fiscal year, have both CAMs and KAMs disclosures. Furthermore, this chapter exploits a subset of firms that disclose financial statements under both IFRS and US GAAP for the same fiscal year. Therefore, the two sets of firms allow for a difference-in-differences analysis to isolate the effect(s) of accounting standards on audit matters. The results of the third chapter may help guide the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)’s ongoing task of evaluating audit matter disclosures.
Commentary in Ancient India
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lidova Natalia R.
Published: May 2024

The article explores the origin, development, and function of commentary as a specific genre of the ancient Indian literary tradition. The author connects the appearance of commentary literature to the formation in the middle of the 1st millennium BC of the tradition of the sacred “recollection” (smṛti), which inherited the authority of the Vedic canon of divine revelation (śruti). It is argued in the paper that another important factor contributing to the formation of commentary literature consisted in public debates on religious and philosophical issues, in which traditional Brahmanic wisdom was compared for the (cт.32) first time to the unorthodox worldview of new religious movements (primarily, Buddhism and Jainism).The main form of discourse in the tradition of smṛti became the aphoristic verbal formulas (sūtras). The collections compiled with the help of these verbal formulas functioned as basic (“root”) texts in various fields of knowledge, but the understanding of these concise manuals without commentaries was almost impossible. Commentaries, created to explain short aphorisms of various “root” texts, became a universal genre that ensured the continuity of the smṛti tradition and the progressive development of various fields of knowledge. The author differentiates two distinct approaches to commenting of the ancient Indian texts: “technical” commentary, connected to the practice of oral learning, and “analytical”, originated from the theoretical discourse and polemic style of oral debates. The paper, furthermore, provides a detailed description of various types of commentary (bhāṣya, vārttika, ṭīkā), appeared during the period of written fixation of “root” texts and reflective of a new paradigm of written literature. Keywords: commentary, Sanskrit, Indian literature, authorship, śruti, smṛti, sūtra, bhāṣya, śāstra, vārttika, ṭīkā.
“…The Main Thing Is not Shakespeare, but the Notes to Him”: Academic and Educational Commentary, Commentary as an Autobiography, Research and Investigation
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanova Evgeniia V.
Published: May 2024

The article examines the development of academic commentary standards in the Soviet era when commented editions were issued only by the publishing house “Nauka”, together with its traditional components: the description of the text sources and of its story, commentary on realia. A separate paragraph considers commented editions for educational institutions and illustrates them by the example of the collection of A.S. Pushkin’s works in 5 vols., edited by L.I. Polyvanov. The article describes briefly N.L. Brodsky’s commentary on the Eugene Onegin for secondary schools, that was harshly criticized by V.V. Nabokov, and Ju.M. Lotman’s work for school teachers presenting both Pushkin’s biography and commentary on the Onegin. The article goes on analyzing the Russian version of Nabokov’s Commentary to Eugene Onegin, that became a new step in the development of commentary as a genre, transforming it into an autobiography and a tool of self-knowledge. Another transformation of the genre of commenting is exemplified by S.Z. Lushchick’s commentary book on V.P. Kataev’s novel Werther Has Already Been Written, where commentary becomes real research that discovered an unknown page of Kataev’s biography.
Commentary on Mandelshtam’s Texts: Problems and Practice
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Surat Irina Z.
Published: May 2024

This article consists of two parts. The first one is theoretical and examines the problem of commenting on O.E. Mandelstam’s texts: it analyzes previous experiences, compares different commentarial approaches realized in former editions, discusses possibilities and shortcomings of intertextual and biographical commentary. Specific examples illustrate problems concerning the choice of data for commentary. The second part of the article fully examines three passages that underlies commentary. The allusion to Tyutchev’s “Two Voices” in Mandelstam’s “Let’s Celebrate the Dusk of Freedom, Brethren” (1918) is commented in the context of the wider problem of Mandelstam’s perception of Tyutchev. The author shows that the quote from Tyutcnev is fully motivated by the fact that the general idea of the poem comes from the historiosophy of Tyutchev, “the giver of a strong and logical view of life”. However, Mandelstam accentuates the idea of individuality and “the ideal of perfect virility” demanded by the revolution. The second commented passage is the image of “dense curbs” in the poem “Keep My Voice Forever…” (1931). Firstly, the article gives some available interpretations of the image (Gasparov, Ronen); then compares Mandelstam’s motive with the real dungeons (“porub”) described in the Russian chronicles since the 9th century and well known to Mandelstam through some later examples (Avvakum Petrov, Daria Saltykova). The image of the “dense curbs” is compared to the relevant for that time theme of “relegating execution”, that was practiced by the Bolsheviks during the Revolution. Finally, the article examines the phrase “stolen air” (from The Fourth Prose, 1930) and proves that it goes back to Paul Verlaine’s poem “Art Poetique”.
Ideology vs. Poetics: Commentaries on the Anniversary Edition of Goethe’s Works (1932–1949)
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Lagutina Irina L.
Published: May 2024

This article examines the instrumentalization of literature in Soviet ideology during the Stalin era. It considers the (im)possibility for humanities scholars in the 1930-s to maintain the balance between poetics and ideology while working with classical material, in particular, to interpret Goethe’s works on the edge between Marxism and bourgeois literary studies, between Engels and Gundolf. The Anniversary Edition of Goethe’s Works, scheduled for the 100th anniversary of the author’s death, illustrates the structure and composition of commentaries in academic publications of foreign classical writer’s collected works, developed by the curator of the project, A.G. Gabritchevsky. His main idea was based on three components: a conceptual commenting introduction, “factographic” notes, and commentaries explaining the principles of translation.
From the Experience of Commenting V.S. Vysotsky’s Poetry in His Collected Works in 11 Volumes (2012)
Authors:   Vladimir I. Dahl State Museum of the History of Russian Literature, Fokin Pavel E.
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the experience of preparing the commentary for Vladimir Vysotsky’s Collected Works in 11 volumes. It outlines the history of the edition and the main characteristics of previous comments. It examines the concrete structure of the commentary, its recipients, the nature and amount of information offered by the commentary, the relationship between commentary and interpretation, the place of commentary in identifying the author’s intention; it also considers commentary as a tool for the analysis of poetics in general, and of the imagery of the present work in particular. The information and interpretation potential of visual commentary, its tasks and purpose, its place in the system of traditional forms of commentary are discussed separately.
Pengaruh Faktor Pribadi Terhadap Keputusan Jamaah dalam Memilih PPIU
Authors: Istiqomah  , Yuliar Ade
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor pribadi terhadap keputusan jamaah dalam memilih PPIU. Faktor pribadi menjadi variabel independen, sedangkan keputusan jamaah menjadi variabel dependen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data penelitian berasal dari kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada jamaah Hajar Aswad tahun 2018 dan 2019. Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan regresi linear sederhana melalui SPSS 25. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 54 reponden yang dilakukan dengan teknik insidental sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor pribadi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keputusan jamaah dalam memilih PPIU.
Strategi Pelayanan Ibadah Umrah Terhadap Jemaah Disabilitas
Authors: Ortega Herwidi Yatmo , Amin Juhdi
Published: May 2024

Ibadah umrah merupakan ibadah yang bukan hanya memerlukan kemampuan secara finansial namun lebih kepada kemampuan secara fisik, karena dalam pelaksanaannya membutuhkan kekuatan fisik yang maksimal dengan dihadapkan dengan situasi daerah yang panas serta ekstrim, terlebih bagi jamaah disabilitas yang membutuhkan pelayanan khusus dalam menjalankan ibadah umrah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui strategi pelayanan yang diberikan oleh PT. Hajar Aswad Mubaraq terhadap jemaah umrah disabilitas. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif deskriptif. Dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian, bahwa PT. Hajar Aswad Mubaraq memberikan pelayanan kepada jemaah umrah disabilitas, dapat dilihat dari strategi pelayanan yang diterapkan biro baik mulai dari penyambutan para jemaah. Hingga memprioritaskan jemaah disabilitas baik ketika prosesi manasik di tanah air maupun ketika dalam melaksanakan ibadah di Tanah Suci serta tidak membeda-bedakan jemaah disabilitas dengan jemaah normal lainnya.
Penerapan Sistem Informasi Masjid dalam Meningkatkan Pelayanan di Kantor Kemenag Kendal
Authors: Muhammad dika  , Hakim Lukmanul
Published: May 2024

Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Masjid (SIMAS) merupakan sistem online yang dikembangkan oleh Kementerian Agama RI untuk pengelolaan data masjid dan mushalla secara menyeluruh di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji implementasi Sistem Informasi Masjid (SIMAS) dalam rangka meningkatkan pelayanan di Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Kendal. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian bahwa pelayanan SIMAS di kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Kendal dalam pelaksanaannya dilakukan dengan cara mendata masjid dan mushalla yang ada di kabupaten kendal, kemudian memasukannya secara online di website Sistem Informasi Masjid (SIMAS). Dan melakukan pengontrolan dengan kerja sama antara pihak Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA), kelurahan dan kecamatan. Adanya SIMAS dari segi pelayanan mengalami peningkatan karena pendataan masjid dan mushalla tidak lagi manual. Lalu dengan adanya sumber daya manusia yang memadai, maka pelayanan SIMAS telah berjalan efektif.
Manajemen Penyelenggaraan Bimbingan Manasik Haji Lansia di Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Klaten Tahun 2023
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad Taufik Nur , Amin Juhdi
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang bimbingan manasik haji lansia di Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Klaten tahun 2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyelenggaraan bimbingan manasik haji lansia di Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Klaten pada tahun 2023 dan faktor pendukung serta penghambatnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan manajemen penyelengaraan bimbingan manasik haji di Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Klaten pada tahun 2023 sudah baik dengan menjalankan tugas berdasarkan fungsi manajemen yang meliputi perencanan, pengorganisasian, penggerakkan, pengawasan. Faktor pendukung penyelengagaraan bimbingan manasik haji meliputi sumber daya manusia yang baik dan kerjasama dengan beberapa pihak. Sedangkan untuk faktor penghambatnya yaitu  pendataan jamaah karena waktu pelunasan yang diundur dan latar belakang jamaah haji yang berbeda.
Study on the Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Ginsenoside Rg3 on Rats with Radiation Proctitis
Authors: Li Xuxia , Lin Lili , Dai Jiuju , Duan Xiaoyu , Hu Tingting , Cai Hongyi
Published: May 2024

Radiation proctitis (RP) refers to rectal injury caused by radiation
treatment of pelvic and retroperitoneal malignancies, which seriously
affects the treatment prognosis and life quality of cancer patients.
However, effective medicine for treating RP has not found yet.
Ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3) is a tetracyclic triterpene saponin monomer,
which is the main bioactive component of ginseng extract. In this study,
we found that GRg3 significantly improved the general condition and
histopathological damage on RP rats. In addition, it has been found out
that GRg3 decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α) and
increased the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10).
Meanwhile, RT-qPCR and Western blot assays showed that GRg3
significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB and Caspase-8 signaling
pathways. The results suggest that GRg3 may reduce the inflammatory
response by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and improving the
balance of inflammation-related factors. GRg3 may also inhibit
intestinal cell apoptosis by suppressing the TNF-α/Caspase-8 signaling
cascade, thereby reducing radiological rectal injury. Therefore,
ginsenoside Rg3 may be a promising therapeutic agent for RP.
Extracellular vesicles originating from steatotic hepatocytes promote hepatic stellate cell senescence via AKT/mTOR signaling
Authors: Wu Zongmei , Xia Mengmeng , Wang Junyu , Aguilar Magnolia Martinez , Buist-Homan Manon , Moshage Han
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver
disease (MASLD) is increasing rapidly due to the obesity epidemic. In
the inflammatory stages of MASLD (NASH), activation of hepatic stellate
cells (HSCs) leads to initiation and progression of liver fibrosis.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cell types and play
an important role in intercellular communication. However, the role of
EVs released from hepatocytes in the context of MASLD is largely
unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of
EVs derived from both normal and steatotic (free fatty acid-treated)
hepatocytes on the phenotype of HSCs via the senescence pathway. Primary
rat hepatocytes were treated with free fatty acids (FFAs: oleic acid and
palmitic acid). EVs were collected by ultracentrifugation. EVs markers
and HSCs activation and senescence markers were assessed by Western
blot, qPCR and cytochemistry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production
was assessed by fluorescence assay. RNA profiles of EVs were evaluated
by sequencing. We found that EVs from hepatocytes treated with FFAs
(FFA-EVs) inhibit collagen type 1 and α-smooth muscle actin expression,
increase the production of ROS and the expression of senescence markers
(IL-6, IL-1β, p21 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity) in
early activating HSCs via the AKT-mTOR pathway. Sequencing showed
differentially enriched RNA species between the EVs groups. In
conclusion, EVs from FFA-treated hepatocytes inhibit HSC activation by
inducing senescence via the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Determining the
components in EVs that induce HSC senescence may lead to the
identification of novel targets for the intervention of MASLD.