bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventricular size measurement methods in fetuses considered for prenatal closure of myelomeningocele
Authors: Lundy Paige , Vlastos Emmanuel , Domino Joseph , Mitchell Grace S. , Fickenscher Kristin , Grabb Paul
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Prenatal closure of myelomeningocele is associated with a reduced rate of hydrocephalus treatment. This need for hydrocephalus treatment is positively correlated with fetal ventricular width. When ventricular width is 15 mm or greater, the benefits of prenatal closure, as a method to decrease hydrocephalus treatment, are reduced. Thus, fetal ventricular size is an important factor when counseling families who are considering intrauterine surgery with mitigation of hydrocephalus as the primary goal. This study sought to determine whether imaging modality (ultrasound [US] vs MRI) and interobserver variability were factors in any ventricular size disparity seen on imaging studies.

METHODS

The imaging studies of 15 consecutive fetuses who underwent prenatal myelomeningocele repair at Children’s Mercy Fetal Health Center, Kansas City, Missouri, were reviewed. All fetuses were imaged with US and fetal MRI; on average (range), procedures were performed 3.8 (0–20) days apart. Three comparisons were performed to analyze interobserver and intermodality variability in ventricular width measurements: 1) retrospective comparison of dictated ventricular widths measured with MRI and US by pediatric radiologists (PRs) and maternal-fetal medicine specialists (MFMs), respectively; 2) blinded measurements obtained with US by PRs versus initial US-based measurements by MFMs, and blinded measurements obtained with MRI by PRs versus initial MRI-based measurements by PRs; and 3) blinded measurements obtained with MRI by PRs versus those obtained with US.

RESULTS

Retrospective comparison showed that measurements with MRI by PRs were on average 2.06 mm (95% CI 1.43–2.69, p < 0.001) larger than measurements with US by MFMs. Blinded measurements with US by PRs were on average larger than dictated measurements obtained with US by MFMs, but by only 0.6 mm (95% CI 0.31–0.84, p < 0.001). When PRs measured ventricular size in a blinded fashion with both US and MRI, the mean width determined with MRI was significantly larger by 2.0 mm (95% CI 1.26–2.67, p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The ventricular width of these fetuses was larger when measured with MRI than US by an amount that could impact recommendations for fetal surgery. Every center involved in counseling families about the risks and benefits of fetal intervention for spina bifida needs to be aware of these possible imaging-based disparities.
Late morbidity and mortality following revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease in the pediatric population
Authors: Karsten Madeline B. , Smith Edward R. , Scott R. Michael
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

There are limited reports on long-term morbidity in pediatric patients who have undergone surgical revascularization for moyamoya disease (MMD). Here, the authors report long-term morbidity and mortality in a population of pediatric patients who underwent pial synangiosis for MMD from 1988 through 2016.

METHODS

A single-center retrospective review of the hospital and personal operative databases of the senior authors was carried out to identify all patients who were treated for MMD at Boston Children’s Hospital between 1988 and 2016, and who experienced any episode of late morbidity or mortality, which the authors defined as an event resulting in significant neurological deficit or death occurring more than 1 year after revascularization surgery. Hospital records were reviewed to determine pertinent demographic data, the initial mode of patient presentation, and associated comorbidities. Radiographic studies, when available, were reviewed for documentation of the diagnosis and for confirmation of the late complication, and the literature on this topic was reviewed.

RESULTS

In total, 460 patients with MMD underwent surgery between 1988 and 2016 using the pial synangiosis surgical technique; 15 (3.3%) of these patients (9 females and 6 males) experienced documented late death (n = 14) or severe morbidity (n = 1). The median age at revascularization surgery was 8.0 years (range 1–21 years). The causes of these late complications were grouped into three etiologies: intraventricular or intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 8), systemic complications related to associated comorbidities or preoperative disabilities (n = 5), and the development of malignant brain tumors (n = 2). Four patients whose MMD was associated with a history of cranial radiation therapy died. These events occurred from as early as 2 years to as late as 27 years postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS

The risk of late morbidities and mortality following pial synangiosis for MMD in the pediatric patient appeared to be low. Nevertheless, the occurrence of catastrophic cerebrovascular events, particularly intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage in the otherwise neurologically stable revascularized patient, was concerning. Although there is value in long-term surveillance of patients who have undergone surgery for MMD, from both a neurological and a general medical standpoint, particularly in patients with the risk factor of prior cranial radiation therapy, it is not clear from the data how the late deaths in this population could have been prevented.
Duurzaamheid : ambacht voor het goede leven : deel 2 : duurzaamheid operationaliseren
Authors: de Vries J.W.
Published: July 2021

In heldere en concrete taal wordt besproken wat duurzaamheid is en waar het toe dient, met de bedoeling om concrete en praktische informatie te geven over hoe je naar duurzaamheid kunt kijken en dit kunt inzetten in studie, werk en daarbuiten.
Duurzaamheid : ambacht voor het goede leven : deel 3 : duurzaamheid en de toekomst
Authors: de Vries J.W.
Published: July 2021

In heldere en concrete taal wordt besproken wat duurzaamheid is en waar het toe dient, met de bedoeling om concrete en praktische informatie te geven over hoe je naar duurzaamheid kunt kijken en dit kunt inzetten in studie, werk en daarbuiten.
Wkład Kościoła katolickiego w Republice Litewskiej (1918-1940) w narrację o tworzeniu nowoczesnej Litwy
Authors: Mačiulis Dangiras
Published: July 2021

Powstaniu państwa litewskiego i utrwaleniu niepodległości Republiki Litewskiej (1918-1940) towarzyszyło kształtowanie odpowiedniej pamięci zbiorowej i narracji historycznej. Kościół katolicki na Litwie był wówczas instytucją o dużym autorytecie, która wpływała na różne sfery życia wewnętrznego kraju, mogła więc też oddziaływać na pamięć zbiorową. W artykule podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy Kościół katolicki na Litwie w okresie międzywojennym dążył do świadomego kształtowania pamięci zbiorowej. Stwierdzono, że Episkopat Litwy nie przejawiał celowej chęci kształtowania pamięci zbiorowej, ponieważ nie miał jasnego i jednolitego poglądu na kulturę pamięci. Były też inne powody: początkowo utrudnienie stanowiły troski o utworzenie samodzielnej litewskiej prowincji kościelnej (1926), a od końca lat 20. XX wieku napięte stosunki Kościoła z władzami, które ograniczały społeczną aktywność katolików. Kościół świadomie nie kształtował własnej opowieści o powstaniu nowoczesnego państwa litewskiego i historii najnowszej Litwy. Zwracał się jednak do przeszłości, gdy broniąc swobody działania Kościoła katolickiego, chciał podkreślić jego rolę w tworzeniu niezależnego państwa litewskiego.
Co znaleziono we Włodzimierzu Wołyńskim w 1920 roku? Raport Bronisława Gembarzewskiego z poszukiwań regaliów
Authors: Dębowska Maria , Kiper Daniel
Published: July 2021

The published source documents show the unknown details of the history of the search for royal regalia. The main part of them is the report madę by the director of the National Museum, Bronisław Gembarzewski, who sent it to the parish priest of Włodzimierz Wołyński. It includes the description and the explanation of the action carried out on the orders of the Polish govemment in 1920 in the local monastery. The aim of this action was to find the Polish kings'jewels taken from the Wawel treasury in 1794.
Konserwacja rękopisu Mszał z Kraśnika (ok. 1400), inkunabułów i starodruków z Biblioteki Metropolitalnego Seminarium Duchownego w Lublinie
Authors: Oszajca Elżbieta
Published: July 2021

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Rajmund Pietkiewicz, In Search of “the Genuine Word of God”. Reception of the West-European Christian Hebraism the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Renaissance (transl. by Monika and Jacek Szela, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2020).
Authors: Pilarczyk Krzysztof
Published: July 2021

Book Review: Rajmund Pietkiewicz, In Search of “the Genuine Word of God”. Reception of the West-European Christian Hebraism the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Renaissance (transl. by Monika and Jacek Szela, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2020).
Z prawnej problematyki organizacji producentów rolnych – wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Suchoń Aneta
Published: July 2021

Celem rozważań była próba określenia kształtu prawnego zakładania, uznawania i funkcjonowania organizacji producentów rolnych (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zmian regulacji prawnych z 2019 i 2020 r.) oraz ich oceny w kontekście obecnych wyzwań dotyczących gospodarstw i rynków rolnych. Starano się także ustalić, które regulacje prawne stanowią barierę w zakresie zakładania i rozwoju organizacji producentów rolnych oraz wskazać propozycje ich zmiany. Rozważania skoncentrowano przede wszystkim na regulacjach unijnych dotyczących organizacji producentów rolnych (w tym zwłaszcza na rozporządzeniu Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) nr 1308/2013 z 17 grudnia 2013 r. ustanawiających wspólną organizację rynków produktów rolnych) oraz znowelizowanych w 2019 i 2020 r. polskich przepisach. Poruszono zagadnienie europejskiego Zielonego Ładu i strategii na rzecz bioróżnorodności 2030 oraz „od pola do stołu” opublikowanych w maju 2020 r. przez Komisję Europejską. Do realizacji założeń wynikających z tych unijnych dokumentów mogą przyczynić się właśnie organizacje producentów rolnych, są one również ważne w aspekcie rozwoju gospodarstw i rynków rolnych. W dalszej części rozważań wskazano różnice i podobieństwa pomiędzy organizacjami a grupami producentów rolnych. W konkluzji stwierdzono m.in., że czynnikiem stanowiącym barierę w zakresie uznawania organizacji jest prawdopodobnie m.in. wysoka liczba producentów rolnych konieczna do rejestracji, jak i ilość dostarczanych produktów rolnych. Pozytywnie oceniono zmiany regulacji prawnych, które weszły w życie w maju 2020 r. Pozwalają one na korzystanie także przez organizacje producentów rolnych ze środków unijnych z działania „Tworzenie grup producentów i organizacji producentów” objętego Programem Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na lata 2014-2020. Na koniec zaproponowano uchwalenie odrębnej ustawy o organizacjach producentów rolnych, regulującej zasady zakładania i funkcjonowania omawianych podmiotów.
Instytucjonalne koncepcje wsparcia oszczędzania w gospodarstwach domowych o niskich dochodach
Authors: Potocki Tomasz
Published: July 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie argumentów teoretycznych wspierających następującą tezę badawczą: „Brak oszczędzania w gospodarstwach domowych o niskich dochodach wynika m.in. z braku instytucjonalnego wsparcia tych gospodarstw w realizowaniu zarówno krótko-, jak i długoterminowych planów oszczędnościowych”. Artykuł ma charakter metodyczny i przeglądowy. Zastosowano w nim metodę analizy krytycznej źródeł literaturowych. Wnioski formułują kryteria, jakie muszą spełniać rozwiązania instytucjonalne, aby skutecznie wspierały gospodarstwa domowe o niskich dochodach w realizacji ich celów oszczędnościowych.
Procesy deindustrializacji i reindustrializacji przestrzeni miejskich na przykładzie Lublina
Authors: Sagan Mariusz , Olchowska Paulina
Published: July 2021

Zmiany zachodzące w sektorze przemysłu w Lublinie po 1989 r. można podzielić na kilka etapów. Transformacja ustrojowa, a przy tym przemiany polityczne i społeczno-ekonomiczne, zweryfikowały funkcjonowanie podmiotów gospodarczych. Po likwidacji dużych zakładów przemysłowych i związanych z tym masowych zwolnieniach Lublin, z miasta znanego z dobrze rozwiniętego przemysłu, stał się symbolem upadku sektora produkcji, czego przejawem był spadek liczby osób pracujących w przemyśle o 75%. Lata 1994–1997 to warunkowany m.in. dobrą koniunkturą rozwój postaw przedsiębiorczych i poprawa sytuacji na rynku pracy. Jednak początek XXI wieku przyniósł kolejne dwie fazy spadkowe: opóźnioną, post-transformacyjną deindustrializację miasta w latach 1999–2002 i globalny kryzys finansowy i gospodarczy w 2008 r. Utworzenie Podstrefy Lublin Specjalnej Strefy Ekonomicznej, a przy tym świadomie i umiejętnie prowadzona od 2011 roku polityka gospodarcza, doprowadziły do niespotykanej dotąd dynamiki rozwoju gospodarczego miasta i kreacji wysoko rozwiniętego pod względem technologicznym przemysłu.
Employment of Adolescents and Children in the Aspect of Polish Educational Reform – Chosen Legal Problems
Authors: Kloczkowska Milena Jolanta
Published: July 2021

The employment of adolescents is an extremely important phenomenon, although doctrine rarely discusses it. This solution enables young people to gain qualifications early and promises long and successful cooperation for the employer. It should be remembered, however, that at such a young age the most important sphere of life is not work, but education and appropriate psycho-physical development. Bearing in mind the delicacy of children and adolescents, it is necessary to create legal constructions which will protect young people from too early collision with problems connected with work such as: stress, exhaustion, and pressure.

The notion of adolescence is constantly intertwined with the notion of child and it is not easy to judge when these terms are used. This article intends to discuss these terms, and to present them through the applicable laws. In addition, the article presents research on the employment of adolescents and children in Poland based on reports from the National Labour Inspectorate.

The legislator had a difficult task - to create appropriate regulations which would not only make work possible, but at the same time properly secure the already mentioned most important spheres of life of adolescents and children. This task undoubtedly becomes even more difficult when the change of other legal acts forces a rush to regulate such a delicate legal sphere. The aim of this article is to present advantages and disadvantages of current legal constructions based on the analysis of regulations and statistics.
Media ethics within the fake news challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Hadžialić Sabahudin , Phuong Vi Thi
Published: July 2021

Every profession needs professional ethics, but some occupations, such as jour­nalism, have special importance and a wide relationship with many people in society, so professional ethics is essential in this case. When the journalists income is at stake, what will their professional ethics be like? The Covid-19 pandemic 2020 is threatening the existence of journalism and the news. Journalists are having a hard time reporting on the pandemic. Between the issue of safety of the journalists, and the implementation of responsibility for reporting, journalists must put ethical issues at the top.

This article analyzes the impact of fake news on the press and the ethical responsibili­ty of journalists when reporting on the Covid-19 epidemic. Ethical behavior and social responsibility of journalists arise in professional journalism. A conflict may occur be­tween professional obligations and basic human impulses of a journalist. They can fight to maintain their sense of fairness, balance, and objectivity. At the same time, they may be asked to lie. Their actions can cause real harm to the public, which in turn causes ethical dilemmas.
Political Identities of Ukrainian Society in the Context of the EU Eastern Partnership Policy
Authors: Dobrzhanska Olena , Pavliuk Oleh
Published: July 2021

The dynamics of European integration in Ukraine, defined by the Eastern Partnership Programme over the last decade, has attained many undeniable successes. Still, the current geopolitical situation leaves room for risks for both Ukraine and the entire community of European states. Faced with Russia’s armed aggression, Ukraine is especially intent upon tackling the barriers of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, which for years have been inherent in its foreign policy, and its choice of European identity. That having been said, the issue of political identity remains as urgent as ever, since taking account of the identifying features, and the study of the evolution and trends of the political identity of Ukrainian society paves the way for Ukraine’s integration into the European political system.

Now, the identity of Ukrainians, which is still at the formative stage, can be described as partially ambivalent. In the meanwhile, a tendency towards acquiring the European system of values, in contrast to the Russian and Soviet ones, is being observed as well.

Among the prevalent political identities that have emerged in Ukrainian societies under various historical, geopolitical, and cultural circumstances, two incompatibles yet competing groups—Western, represented by Ukrainian and European identities, and Eastern, represented by Russian and Soviet identities—can be discerned. In this regard, identities are not interpreted in terms of ethnicity but as politically constructible.

The article analyses Ukraine’s European integration successes over the last years, which not only contributes to the upstream dynamics of European and Ukrainian identities but also prevents competitive identities from going forward. Today, the European foreign policy course indisputably unites the Ukrainian nation, having a positive impact on its cooperation with the European Union in terms of politics, economy, and culture.
Klauzula proporcji w umowie ubezpieczenia majątkowego. Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 28 maja 2019 r., II CSK 454/181
Authors: Wolak Grzegorz Jerzy
Published: July 2021

W glosowanym wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 28 maja 2019 r., II CSK 454/18, poruszono kwe­stię dopuszczalności konstrukcji odpowiedzialności proporcjonalnej ubezpieczyciela w ubezpieczeniu mająt­kowym. Autor zaaprobował stanowisko Sądu Najwyższego o dopuszczalności co do zasady stosowania klauzuli (reguły) proporcji w takim ubezpieczeniu, jak też tezę tego orzeczenia, zgodnie z którą klauzule zawarte w ogól­nych warunkach ubezpieczeń, wprowadzające możliwość dwukrotnej redukcji kwoty odszkodowania z ubez­pieczenia majątkowego najpierw do poziomu sumy ubezpieczenia, a następnie proporcjonalnie do zaniżenia łącznej wartości przedmiotów ubezpieczenia, są nieważne.
Oracle of Doom or Oracle of Salvation? A New Interpretation of Animal Metaphors in Isa 31:4-5 in the Light of Rhetorical Analysis
Authors: Sobierajski Bartłomiej Paweł
Published: July 2021

This article seeks to clarify the meaning of animal metaphors contained in Isa 31:4-5. Difficulties in interpreting these metaphors are associated with the Hebrew syntax as well as the proper reading of the symbolism of the characters and animals found within these verses. These issues also raise the question of the message of the whole prophecy: is it an oracle of doom or of salvation? The article provides an overview of previous attempts to explicate the metaphors and proposes a new interpretation of them. It turns out that Isaiah consciously and intentionally uses some ambiguous images and formulas in order to make a specific impression on the addresser. Such literary devices are characteristic of his statements from the last period of his activity (705–701 BC). The new interpretation of animal metaphors presented in this study also results from the structure of the oracle, which has emerged through the use of Hebrew rhetoric methods
Single Axis Solar Tracker for Maximizing Power Production and Sunlight Overlapping Removal on the Sensors of Tracker
Authors: Nahar Mst Jesmin , Sarkar Md Rasel , Uddin Moslem , Hossain Md Faruk , Rana Md Masud , Tanshen Md. Riyad
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the design and execution of a solar tracker system devoted to photovoltaic (PV) conversion panels. The proposed single-axis solar tracker is shifted automatically based on the sunlight detector or tracking sensor. This system also removes incident sunlight overlapping from sensors that are inside the sunlight tracking system. The Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is used as a sensor to sense the intensity of light accurately. The sensors are placed at a certain distance from each other in the tracker system to avoid sunlight overlapping for maximum power production. The total system is designed by using a microcontroller (PIC16F877A) as a brain to control the whole system. The solar panel converts sunlight into electricity. The PV panel is fixed with a vertical axis of the tracker. This microcontroller will compare the data and rotate a solar panel via a stepper motor in the right direction to collect maximum photon energy from sunlight. From the experimental results, it can be determined that the automatic (PV solar tracker) sun tracking system is 72.45% more efficient than fixed panels, where the output power of the fixed panel and automatically adjusted panel are 8.289 watts and 14.287 watts, respectively.
Tumbuhan Duku: Senyawa Bioaktif, Aktivitas Farmaklogis dan Prospeknya dalam Bidang Kesehatan
Authors: Hanum Laila , Kasiamdari Rina S.
Published: July 2021

Lansium domesticumÂ Corr. (Meliaceae) is the popular tropical plant producing economic edible fruits found mainly in Southeast Asia. Seed, leaf, bark, stalks and fruit skin extracts of this plant are potential sourcesÂ for compounds with broad spectrum of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, anticancer, antimalaria, antimelanogenesis, antibacteria and itÂ may lead to the discovery of a new compouds used for antimutagenic and antioxidative stress. Bioactive compounds, pharmacological activities and prospect this plant in medical application will be discussed in this paper.Â Key words: Lansium domesticum, bioactive compounds, pharmacological activities, medical application.Â
PERSONAL ADJUSTMENT FEMALE STUDENT’S BROKEN HOME IN MAN 2 TANAH DATAR
Authors: Detriana Ira
Published: July 2021

Pokok permasalahan dalam artikel ini adalah gambaran penyesuaian diri siswi broken home yang berprestasi di MAN 2 Tanah Datar. Tujuan pembahasan ini untuk mengetahui bentuk penyesuaian diri siswi broken home yang berprestasi di MAN 2 Tanah Datar. Jenis penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang penulis gunakan observasi langsung (participant observation) dan wawancara mendalam (depth interview). Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Dari penelitian yang penulis lakukan di lapangan dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari data yang ada diketahui bentuk penyesuaian diri yang dimiliki siswi berbeda ketika di lingkungan keluarga dan di sekolah. Di lingkungan keluarga mereka cenderung menunjukkan bentuk penyesuaian diri negatif. Namun, ketika di sekolah mereka mampu menyesuaikan diri secara positif dan berprestasi. Penyesuaian diri siswi broken home yang berprestasi di MAN 2 Tanah Datar dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor berikut: kematangan emosional, kondisi lingkungan keluarga dan sekolah.
ANTARA BUNDO KANDUANG “FEMINIM” DAN REALISTIS DI MINANGKABAU
Authors: Helfi Helfi , Afriyani Dona
Published: July 2021

This research background lies on various chances of strategic sectors in society without differentiating gender. The research purpose is to figure out the reposition of Feminist Bundo Kanduang to realistic Bundo Kanduang. Literary synthesis research and observation were conducted in this research. The research findings reflect there was reposition of Feminist Bundo Kanduang to realistic Bundo Kanduang in terms of the theme of Kaba and Novel in Minangkabau, the existence of Bundo Kanduang in politics and Pers in Minangkabau, and the roles of Bundo Kanduang in Education
ANALISIS KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL CALON GURU PAI IAIN BATUSANGKAR BERDASARKAN GENDER
Authors: Pebrina Rizki
Published: July 2021

Having professional competence is a must for prospective teachers. Professional competence of Islamic Education prospective teacher can be seen from the ability to master the theories of Islamic Education. Based on the author's observations on their abilities in mastering and explaining the theories, female prospective teachers are better than male prospective teachers. This research was conducted through observation. The research result shows the professional competence of prospective teachers of Islamic Education in sufficient category. Based on gender, female students gain better competence (59,9%) than male students (55,2%).
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN FREEDOM THEORY IN EARLY EDUCATION
Authors: Fadri Zainal
Published: July 2021

Early childhood education is now an obligation to prepare children for further education. Education in primary schools has levels that must be taken first with the aim that the child is ready to attend lessons first, such as education in kindergarten and early childhood education. This study aims to look at human freedom in undergoing early childhood education and the values contained in education. The theory of freedom is used to examine the harmony between the spirit of preparing for education with the pure value of human freedom, so that it can be said that early childhood education is a freedom. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data analysis was carried out in a holistic manner to achieve an exploration of the theory of freedom contained in early childhood education. The results of this study prove that early childhood education can be said that the implementation of freedom will support the true free human being, that is, free from ignorance and backwardness.
العناصر الاساسية في تخطيط المدن العربية الاسلامية
Authors: Sahab Ayed wasamiy
Published: July 2021

تخطيط المدينة العربية الاسلامية كان يقوم على عاملين اساسيين هما مكان العبادة والسكن وهناك دوما ثالوث ديني وسياسي واقتصادي يتمثل في مركز كل مدينة الا وهو المسجد ودار الامارة والسوق ويضاف اليهما الرحبة  او الميدان . الا ان الكثير من الدول العربية تبنت الافكار الغربية في العمارة والتخطيط ، مما ادى الى طمس المعالم وعناصر الاصالة المميزة في تخطيط المدينة العربية الاسلامية،فظهرت المباني ومخططات المدن ذات الشكل الغربي  لا تتوافق مع المعايير التخطيطية الاصيلة التي تحقق الوظائف والاحتياجات البيئية والأنسانية للمجتمع العربي الاسلامي . وقد تبنى العديد من المخططين والمهندسين الفكر الاجنبي في العمارة والتخطيط  حتى اصبح هو الاتجاه السائد.واذا استمر هذا الغزو الفكري الغربي على ما هو عليه سيؤدي حتما الى تغيير في القيم وبالتالي سيفقد المجتمع العربي المسلم قيمه الحضارية وتمحى الشخصية المميزة له.

     لقد ناقش البحث نشأة المدن العذربية الاسلامية ودراسة العناصر الاساسية في تخطيطها وخصائص النسيج الحضري المكون لها بهدف الوصول الى عناصر الاصالة التي كانت تتميز بها المدن العربية الاسلامية والتي يمكن الاستفادة منها في تخطيط المدينة العربية المعاصرة.

 

المقدمة :

        العديد من المدن نمت وتطورت على اثر الفتوحات الإسلامية بفضل الجهود الصادقة للمسلمين ، فضلا عن ما تم تشييده من مدن جديدة أضيفت إلى رصيد المدن القائمة ، حيث اختاروا لها المواقع المتميزة وأضافوا إليها من فنونهم المختلفة والمتعددة في شتى المجالات حتى بلغت المدينة ذروتها ومجدها وأصالتها وعظمتها في ظل الدولة الإسلامية ، حيث كان للمسلمين الرغبة  الحقيقية  في البناء والتعمير وذلك من منطلق عقيدتهم الاسلامية.ولقد كانت الحضارة الاسلامية تموج بديار الاسلام من الاندلس غربا لتخوم الصين شرقا ، وازدهرت مدن حضرية عظيمة مثل الكوفة والبصرة وبغداد ودمشق والقاهرة والفسطاط والعسكر والقيروان والجزائر بينما كانت اوربا وبقية انحاء المعمورة تعيش في ظلام حضاري وجهل مطبق،فكان المسلمون هم السبب في ظهور عصر النهضة الاوربية لأنهم هم الذين حملوا المشاعل التنويرية للعالم في العصور الوسطى حتى اصبحوا سادة العالم و معلمية.

          وقد تميزت المدن في العصور الإسلامية بمورفولوجية كانت وليدة احتياجات وظروف سكانها حيث لم يكن علم التخطيط معروفا بمفاهيمه ونظرياته المعاصرة ، كما أن وسائل وأساليب البناء في العصور القديمة كانت تختلف كل الاختلاف عن مثيلاتها الحالية ، وعلى الرغم من ذلك فقد ظهرت اتجاهات تخطيطية وعمرانية تمثل قيما ومبادئ ومعايير في التخطيط والعمارة ، وعليه تعتبر المدن الإسلامية في العصور الوسطى مثالية من وجهة نظر التخطيط المعاصر بنظرياته الحديثة لما حققته من توافق وتطابق بين الاحتياجات المادية والمعنوية التي جاءت تشكيلا فراغيا يعبر عن المؤثرات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والثقافية والدينية. ودار الزمان دورته وحل العصر الحالي ليشهد ما انحدرت اليه المدينة العربية الاسلامية مقارنة بمدن الغرب ، لأسباب عديدة منها ، التقلص وانحسار النمو والتوسع والامتداد العشوائي نتيجة لمؤثرات سياسية أو اقتصادية أو اجتماعية أو طبيعية في بعض الحالات ، أو نتيجة لأسلوب التغريب الذي ساد العديد من المدن العربية وهو ما يطلق عليه البعض بالاستعمار الذاتي
البيروني عالما اجتماعيا وانثروبولوجيا
Authors: Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Jadou
Published: July 2021

البيروني(  973-1050م ه) أبو الريحان محمد بن أحمد المتخصص في الرياضيات والطب والاجتماع والفلسفة والأنثروبولوجيا والجغرافية . قيُمه العلماء والمستشرقون الاجانب نظراً لعلميته وسعة فكره وصوابيه منهجه وكثرة الأبحاث والمؤلفات التي كتبها ونشرها. فقد قال عنه العالم (سميث ) في كتابه (تأريخ الرياضيات) أن البيروني كان ألمع علماء زمانه في الرياضيات وأن الغربيين مدينون له بمعلوماتهم ومآثرهم في العلوم والآداب والفنون (1) .أما المستشرق( جوزيف شخت ) فقد كان يرى بأن البيروني عبقرياً مبدعاً ذا بصيرة شاملة وعميقة (  2).

        أما( أدوارد سخاو) فقد بلغ إعجابه به حداً جعله يقول فيه " أن الشيخ ابو الريحان البيروني اعظم مفكر ظهر على وجه البسيطة . في حين قال عنه المستشرق الروسي "بار تولد " أن آراءه لا زالت جديرة بعناية قراء اليوم , وأن مؤلفاته تحتل مكانة متميزة من حيث وفرة موادها وتنوع موضوعاتها ودقة حقائقها والتزامها الشديد بأصول البحث العلمي والنظري والتجريبي (  3) .

تتلمذ على يد كبار أساتذة عصره في الرياضيات وعلم الفلك والطب والجغرافية والاجتماع وقواعد اللغة . وأتصل بالعديد من مفكري وفلاسفة عصره وحاورهم وحضر محاضراتهم ودروسهم ،منهم أبن سينا والفارابي والكندي والمسعودي. كما تأثر وهو( من مفكري بلاد الشرق) بالثقافة اليونانية والحكمة الهندية التي درس الكثير عنها في مكتبة أحد أمراء الدولة السامانية . وكان متمكناً من أصول اللغة العربية عالماً بأسرارها وقواعدها وآدابها . وكان يجيد الى جوارها اللغة الفارسية واللغة السنسكريتية (لغة شعب الهند) واليونانية والعبرية والسريانية(4) .

      لم تتوقف عالميته عند هذا الحد , بل امتدت لتشمل العديد من الدول التي تدعي شرف أنتسابها اليه أو تقول أنه  احد مواطنيها الأبرار . فالروس يعدونه  أحد مواطنيهم , إذ  اقيم له تمثالاً في متحف جامعة موسكو تقديراً له , كما سميت كلية الدراسات الشرقية بجامعة طشقند بكلية البيروني . وهناك عدد من الباحثين الروس قد كرسوا جهودهم العلمية على تحقيق تراثه المعرفي (5  ) . والترك هم الأخرون  ينازعون الروس في ادعاءهم  شرف انتسابهم الى البيروني , إذ يعدونه تركماني الأصل . كما أن الفرس ينازعون هؤلاء وهؤلاء في شرف انتماء البيروني إليهم . وهو في حقيقته من أصل فارسي، لكنه حسم هذه القضية بنفسه عندما اختار اللغة العربية لسانا  والإسلام دينا له . (6) ،كيف لا وهو عربي اللسان, مسلم العقيدة ،عالمي الفكر و المكانة.
العلاقة بين استراتيجيات التعلّم والدافعية للتعلم لدى طلبة كلية التربية الثالثة بجامعة البعث
Authors: Mosse Ahmed Haj
Published: July 2021

هدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على العلاقة الارتباطية بين استراتيجيات التعلّم والدافعية للتعلم لدى عينة من طلبة كلية التربية الثالثة بجامعة البعث، كما هدف إلى كشف الفروق بين متوسط درجاتهم على مقياس استراتيجيات التعلّم ومقياس الدافعية للتعلم تبعاً لمتغير السنة الدراسية، ونوع الشهادة الثانوية، والجنس، وتم استخدام الأدوات الآتية: مقياس استراتيجيات التعلّم إعداد (بنترش وآخرون) عام 1991 ومقياس الدافعية للتعلم إعداد (بنترش) عام 1991 وذلك بعد التأكد من صدقهما وثباتهما، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من(260) طالباً وطالبة من طلبة كلية التربية الثالثة.

ومن أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث:

1ـ وجود علاقة ارتباطيه ذات دلالة إحصائية بين درجات الطلبة على مقياس استراتيجيات  التعلّم ودرجاتهم على مقياس دافعية التعلّم.

2ـ عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات درجات الطلبة على مقياس دافعية التعلّم تبعاً لمتغير السنة الدراسية ( أولى ـ ثانية ـ الثالثة ).

3ـ عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات درجات الطلبة على مقياسي استراتيجيات التعلّم ودافعية التعلّم تبعاً لمتغير نوع الشهادة الثانوية ( علمي ـ أدبي )، ومتغير الجنس ( ذكور ـ إناث ).

4ـ وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في استراتيجيات التعلّم لدى أفراد عينة البحث تبعاً لمتغير السنة الدراسية لصالح الطلبة في السنة الأولى
الأدب العباسي في مجلة كلية الآداب
Authors: Abd Al-Ridha Bushra Salam , Hamza Nasirah Ahmad
Published: July 2021

يقف المنهج التاريخي في طليعة المناهج النقدية الخارجية التي تتناول دراسة الأدب وتحليله مقارنة بالمناهج السياقية الأخرى، كالمنهج الاجتماعي والنفسي..، فهو يبحث في دراسة ما يحيط بالأدب من ظروف ومؤثرات تتعلق بالعمل الادبي وتؤثّر في نشأته باستحضار بيئة الأديب وعصره، وعدّها عواملَ هامّة في بلورة الأدب ونضجه. وقد لوحظ في مجلة كلية الآداب إن معظم بحوث الأدب العباسي المنشورة فيها تخضع للمنهج التاريخي في دراستها، ويظهر ذلك جليّا عِبْرَ النماذج المُختارة للجانب التطبيقي. وقد تضمّن هذا البحث في دراسته الأدب العباسي في ضوء المنهج التاريخي دراسات تحقيق التراث، إذ نشطت حركة التأليف في مجال تحقيق التراث الأدبي كون هذا النوع من التأليف هو من صُلب المنهج التاريخي، الى جانب دراسة السيرة الأدبية التي اتخذت من الاهتمام بحياة المبدع وسيرة حياته منطلقا في دراسة الأدب وتحليله على وفق المنهج التاريخي، وقد استعنت ببعض النماذج من البحوث المنشورة في مجلة كلية الآداب لتمثيل الجانب التطبيقي في دراسة الأدب العباسي.
دور الخدمة الاجتماعية في مواجهة العود لتعاطي المخدرات
Authors: Jasim Sabreen Hussein , Abdullah Zainab
Published: July 2021

تناول البحث دور الخدمة الاجتماعية في مواجهة مشكلة الإدمان وتعاطي المخدرات والوقاية منها باستخدام الأساليب الفنية المختلفة، والتخفيف من الآثار المترتبة عن التعاطي، مبيناً مراحل العلاج للخدمة الاجتماعية والأهداف الأساسية، وممارسات الخدمة الاجتماعية للمدمنين العائدين، وطرق الوقاية من الانتكاسة.

مهنة الخدمة الاجتماعية تقوم بدور مهم في عملية تأهيل المدمنين ، وهذا الدور لا يقل أهمية عن الدور العلاجي، بل هو جزء منه ، كما أن الدور التأهيلي هو جزء من الخطة العلاجية المتكاملة للعمل في مجال الإدمان، ويدعى هذا الجزء بالرعاية اللاحقة. وتهتم على وضع الحقائق عن ظروف العائدين وتطلعاتهم عند تخطيط البرامج لرعايتهم ، وتتعرف على ميولهم وتدرس احتياجاتهم، وتجعل منها مادة للخطط.
CargO-S: A pattern-based well-founded legal domain ontology for the traceability of goods in logistic sea corridors
Authors: El Ghosh Mirna , Abdulrab Habib
Published: July 2021

Building legal domain ontologies is a prominent challenge in the ontology engineering community. The ontology builders confront issues such as the complexity of the legal domain, the difficulty of applying existing ontology engineering approaches, and the intention of developing legal models faithful to realities. In this paper, we discuss constructing a well-founded legal domain ontology, named CargO-S, for the traceability of goods in logistic sea corridors. For building CargO-S, a pattern-oriented approach is applied, supported by ontology-driven conceptual modeling, ontology layering, and ontology reuse processes. CargO-S is grounded in the unified foundational ontology UFO by using the ontology-driven conceptual modeling language OntoUML. Besides, ontology layering is proposed to simplify the development process by dividing CargO-S into three layers located at different granularity levels: upper, core, and domain. For building the upper and core layers, conceptual ontology patterns are reused from the foundational ontology UFO and the legal core ontology UFO-L. These patterns are applied, either by extension or analogy with legal rules, for building the domain layer. CargO-S is then validated by implementing the ontology as OWL and SWRL rules. Finally, the performance and the semantic accuracy of CargO-S are evaluated using a dual evaluation approach.
Enhancing racial equity in LIS research by increasing representation of BIPOC
Authors: Senteio Charles R. , Montague Kaitlin E. , Campbell Bettina , Campbell Terrance R. , Seigerman Samantha
Published: July 2021

The escalation of discourse on racial injustice prompts novel ideas to address the persistent lack of racial equity in LIS research. The underrepresentation of BIPOC perspectives contributes to the inequity. Applying the Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach meaningfully engages BIPOC to help guide LIS investigations that identify evolving needs and concerns, such as how systematic racism may contribute to social justice issues like environmental and health inequity. Engaging with BIPOC, using the CBPR approach, can help address racial equity in LIS because it will result in increased racial representation which enables incorporation of the perspectives and priorities of BIPOC. This shift to greater engagement is imperative to respond to escalating attention to social injustice and ensure that these central issues are adequately reflected in LIS research. The discipline is positioned to help detail the drivers and implications of inequity and develop ways to address them. We underscore the importance of working across research disciplines by describing our CBPR experience engaging with BIPOC in LIS research. We highlight the perspectives of community partners who have over two decades of experience with community-based LIS research. We offer lessons learned to LIS researchers by describing the factors that make these initiatives successful and those which contribute to setbacks.
A Linear Bound on the k-rendezvous Time for Primitive Sets of NZ Matrices
Authors: Catalano Costanza , Azfar Umer , Charlier Ludovic , Jungers Raphaël M.
Published: July 2021

A set of nonnegative matrices is called primitive if there exists a product of these matrices that is entrywise positive. Motivated by recent results relating synchronizing automata and primitive sets, we study the length of the shortest product of a primitive set having a column or a row with k positive entries, called its k-rendezvous time (k-RT), in the case of sets of matrices having no zero rows and no zero columns. We prove that the k-RT is at most linear w.r.t. the matrix size n for small k, while the problem is still open for synchronizing automata. We provide two upper bounds on the k-RT: the second is an improvement of the first one, although the latter can be written in closed form. We then report numerical results comparing our upper bounds on the k-RT with heuristic approximation methods.
Persistent Stochastic Non-Interference
Authors: Hillston Jane , Marin Andrea , Piazza Carla , Rossi Sabina
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we study an information flow security property for systems specified as terms of a quantitative Markovian process algebra, namely the Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA). We propose a quantitative extension of the Non-Interference property used to secure systems from the functional point view by assuming that the observers are able to measure also the timing properties of the system, e.g., the response time of certain actions or its throughput. We introduce the notion of Persistent Stochastic Non-Interference (PSNI) based on the idea that every state reachable by a process satisfies a basic Stochastic Non-Interference (SNI) property. The structural operational semantics of PEPA allows us to give two characterizations of PSNI: one based on a bisimulation-like equivalence relation inducing a lumping on the underlying Markov chain, and another one based on unwinding conditions which demand properties of individual actions. These two different characterizations naturally lead to efficient methods for the verification and construction of secure systems. A decision algorithm for PSNI is presented and an application of PSNI to a queueing system is discussed.
A Modified CAIDE Risk Score as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults
Authors: Tolea Magdalena I. , Heo Jaeyeong , Chrisphonte Stephanie , Galvin James E.
Published: July 2021

Background: Although an efficacious dementia-risk score system, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) was derived using midlife risk factors in a population with low educational attainment that does not reflect today’s US population, and requires laboratory biomarkers, which are not always available. Objective: Develop and validate a modified CAIDE (mCAIDE) system and test its ability to predict presence, severity, and etiology of cognitive impairment in older adults. Methods: Population consisted of 449 participants in dementia research (N = 230; community sample; 67.9±10.0 years old, 29.6%male, 13.7±4.1 years education) or receiving dementia clinical services (N = 219; clinical sample; 74.3±9.8 years old, 50.2%male, 15.5±2.6 years education). The mCAIDE, which includes self-reported and performance-based rather than blood-derived measures, was developed in the community sample and tested in the independent clinical sample. Validity against Framingham, Hachinski, and CAIDE risk scores was assessed. Results: Higher mCAIDE quartiles were associated with lower performance on global and domain-specific cognitive tests. Each one-point increase in mCAIDE increased the odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by up to 65%, those of AD by 69%, and those for non-AD dementia by > 85%, with highest scores in cases with vascular etiologies. Being in the highest mCAIDE risk group improved ability to discriminate dementia from MCI and controls and MCI from controls, with a cut-off of ≥7 points offering the highest sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Conclusion: mCAIDE is a robust indicator of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling seniors, which can discriminate well between dementia severity including MCI versus controls. The mCAIDE may be a valuable tool for case ascertainment in research studies, helping flag primary care patients for cognitive testing, and identify those in need of lifestyle interventions for symptomatic control.
Short-term forecast model of taxi demand based on time and space heterogeneity
Authors: Yan Zhiyu , Lv Shuang
Published: July 2021

Accurate prediction of traffic flow is of great significance for alleviating urban traffic congestions. Most previous studies used historical traffic data, in which only one model or algorithm was adopted by the whole prediction space and the differences in various regions were ignored. In this context, based on time and space heterogeneity, a Classification and Regression Trees-K-Nearest Neighbor (CART-KNN) Hybrid Prediction model was proposed to predict short-term taxi demand. Firstly, a concentric partitioning method was applied to divide the test area into discrete small areas according to its boarding density level. Then the CART model was used to divide the dataset of each area according to its temporal characteristics, and KNN was established for each subset by using the corresponding boarding density data to estimate the parameters of the KNN model. Finally, the proposed method was tested on the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC) data, and the traditional KNN model, backpropagation (BP) neural network, long-short term memory model (LSTM) were used to compare with the proposed CART-KNN model. The selected models were used to predict the demand for taxis in New York City, and the Kriging Interpolation was used to obtain all the regional predictions. From the results, it can be suggested that the proposed CART-KNN model performed better than other general models by showing smaller mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) value. The improvement of prediction accuracy of CART-KNN model is helpful to understand the regional demand pattern to partition the boarding density data from the time and space dimensions. The partition method can be extended into many models using traffic data.
A deep learning approach to injury forecasting in NBA basketball
Authors: Cohan Alexander , Schuster Jake , Fernandez Jose
Published: July 2021

Predicting athlete injury risk has been a holy grail in sports medicine with little progress to date due to a variety of factors such as small sample sizes, significantly imbalanced data, and inadequate statistical approaches. Data modeling which does not account for multiple interactions across factors can be misleading. We address the small sample size by collecting longitudinal data of NBA player injuries using publicly available data sources and develop a state of the art deep learning model, METIC, to predict future injuries based on past injuries, game activity, and player statistics. We evaluate model performance using metrics appropriate for imbalanced data and find that METIC performs significantly better than other traditional machine learning approaches. METIC uses feature learning to create interactive features which become meaningful in combination with each other. METIC can be used by practitioners and front offices to improve athlete management and reduce injury incidence, potentially saving sports teams millions in revenue due to reduced athlete injuries.
Medical decision in COPD: the evidence-based history
Authors:   Médico de Família, Duarte-de-Araújo António , Guimarães Miguel ,   Médico de Família, Teixeira Pedro ,   Médico de Família, Hespanhol Venceslau ,   Médico de Família, Correia-de-Sousa Jaime ,   Médico de Família
Published: July 2021

Randomized controlled trials together with systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been the cornerstone of clinical research. Some studies, because of the size of the sample, the use of randomization and well-defined measurements, the participation of multiple institutions, or long-term follow-up, are able to give a significant level of evidence. We chronologically describe and comment on a group of trials on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that have significantly influenced the scientific and medical community in understanding and managing the disease in the first years of the XXI century. They contributed to the different versions of the GOLD strategy.
Urticária multiforme: a propósito de um caso clínico
Authors:   Médico de Família, Monteiro Diana Reis , Fernandes Sofia ,   Médico de Família
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O exantema em idade pediátrica representa frequentemente um desafio na prática clínica diária, na medida em que pode estar enquadrado numa grande variedade de patologias, com atingimento cutâneo isolado ou sistémico, incluindo patologias benignas e autolimitadas e situações de maior gravidade que podem requerer uma atitude mais interventiva. Os autores relatam um caso de urticária multiforme, com o objetivo de recordar os aspetos semiológicos característicos desta patologia, o seu caráter benigno, os diagnósticos diferenciais a considerar e a terapêutica a instituir. Descrição do caso: Lactente de onze meses, do sexo masculino, sem antecedentes patológicos de relevo, trazido ao serviço de urgência por exantema evanescente e edema periférico com cerca de 24 horas de evolução, sem febre ou outras queixas associadas. Tinha terminado amoxicilina com ácido clavulânico por otite média aguda dois dias antes da vinda. Ao exame físico destacava-se um exantema maculopapular, com lesões anulares, policíclicas, de halo eritematoso e centro claro, disperso pela face, tronco e membros, pruriginoso, associado a edema ligeiro das mãos, pés e face, sem petéquias, sem atingimento das mucosas nem outras alterações relevantes. Não se considerou necessária a realização de exames complementares, tendo tido alta com diagnóstico de urticária multiforme em contexto pós-infecioso/pós-farmacológico, medicado com anti-histamínico e corticoide por via oral. Verificou-se resolução completa das lesões cerca de 48 horas depois. Comentário: A urticária multiforme é uma patologia benigna e autolimitada que surge sobretudo em idade pediátrica, caracterizada pelo aparecimento de exantema maculopapular eritematoso, com lesões anulares e policíclicas, evanescente, facilmente confundível com outras patologias mais graves. Inicialmente pode assemelhar-se a eritema multiforme, doença do soro-like, vasculite urticariforme e edema hemorrágico da infância; no entanto, estas entidades representam patologias distintas, com abordagens e prognósticos diferentes, sendo extremamente importante a distinção clínica entre as mesmas.