bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-linear physiological responses to climate change: the case of Ceratitis capitata distribution and abundance in Europe
Authors: Gilioli Gianni , Sperandio Giorgio , Colturato Michele , Pasquali Sara , Gervasio Paola , Wilstermann Anne , Dominic Anto Raja , Schrader Gritta
Published: October 2021

Understanding how climate change might influence the distribution and abundance of crop pests is fundamental for the development and the implementation of pest management strategies. Here we present and apply a modelling framework assessing the non-linear physiological responses of the life-history strategies of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann) to temperature. The model is used to explore how climate change might influence the distribution and abundance of this pest in Europe. We estimated the change in the distribution, abundance and activity of this species under current (year 2020) and future (years 2030 and 2050) climatic scenarios. The effects of climate change on the distribution, abundance and activity ofC. capitataare heterogeneous both in time and in space. A northward expansion of the species, an increase in the altitudinal limit marking the presence of the species, and an overall increase in population abundance is expected in areas that might become more suitable under a changing climate. On the contrary, stable or reduced population abundances can be expected in areas where climate change leads to equally suitable or less suitable conditions. This heterogeneity reflects the contribution of both spatial variability in the predicted climatic patterns and non-linearity in the responses of the species’ life-history strategies to temperature.
Path dependence in administrative adjudication: the role played by legal tradition
Authors: Stachowiak-Kudła Monika , Kudła Janusz
Published: October 2021

Based on the theory of path dependence, we show that legal tradition affects the administrative court’s rulings. It also complements the two other reasons for diversified verdicts: the experience of the judges and courts (specialization) and preference (bias) for one of the parties. This effect is persistent even if the verdicts are controversial and result in serious consequences for a party and when the penalty paid by the complainant is perceived as excessive but fulfilling the strict rules of law. We prove that judicial decision making is a function of path dependency stemming from a legal tradition of the court. To confirm this, logistic regression is applied to a sample of 337 erroneous excise duty documentation cases of heating oil sales from all sixteen provincial administrative courts in Poland. Increasing the specialization of judges and having them exchange experiences may be a remedy for the unjustified adjudication differences.
In situ high-energy X-ray diffraction of precipitation and dissolution reactions during heating of Al alloys
Authors: Fröck Hannes , Rowolt Christian , Milkereit Benjamin , Reich Michael , Kowalski Wolfgang , Stark Andreas , Kessler Olaf
Published: October 2021

During heating of Al alloys, typically a sequence of precipitation and dissolution reactions occurs and the single (partly opposing) reactions superimpose. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is one common technique to analyse the kinetic development of precipitation and dissolution in Al alloys, but the superposition of the exothermic precipitation and endothermic dissolution reactions complicates the DSC signal interpretation, as DSC measures the sum of any heat effect. Synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) allows the kinetic development of phase transformations to be obtained and can support the separation of superimposed DSC signals. HEXRD results from this work offer a new approach to separate part of the superimposed reactions and their kinetic development for the equilibrium phases β-Mg2Si in EN AW-6082 and η-Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 in EN AW-7150. Comparing DSC and HEXRD results confirms serious overlap issues. Common DSC evaluation methods alone, using zero crossing between endothermic and exothermic heat flow or peak positions can be misleading regarding individual reaction start and finish temperatures as well as regarding reaction intensities, which can be unambiguously determined by in situ HEXRD.
18F-FET-PET-guided gross total resection improves overall survival in patients with WHO grade III/IV glioma: moving towards a multimodal imaging-guided resection
Authors: Ort Jonas , Hamou Hussam Aldin , Kernbach Julius M. , Hakvoort Karlijn , Blume Christian , Lohmann Philipp , Galldiks Norbert , Heiland Dieter Henrik , Mottaghy Felix M. , Clusmann Hans , Neuloh Georg , Langen Karl-Josef , Delev Daniel
Published: October 2021

Purpose

PET using radiolabeled amino acid [18F]-fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine (FET-PET) is a well-established imaging modality for glioma diagnostics. The biological tumor volume (BTV) as depicted by FET-PET often differs in volume and location from tumor volume of contrast enhancement (CE) in MRI. Our aim was to investigate whether a gross total resection of BTVs defined as < 1 cm3 of residual BTV (PET GTR) correlates with better oncological outcome.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed imaging and survival data from patients with primary and recurrent WHO grade III or IV gliomas who underwent FET-PET before surgical resection. Tumor overlap between FET-PET and CE was evaluated. Completeness of FET-PET resection (PET GTR) was calculated after superimposition and semi-automated segmentation of pre-operative FET-PET and postoperative MRI imaging. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test.

Results

From 30 included patients, PET GTR was achieved in 20 patients. Patients with PET GTR showed improved median OS with 19.3 compared to 13.7 months for patients with residual FET uptake (p = 0.007; HR 0.3; 95% CI 0.12–0.76). This finding remained as independent prognostic factor after performing multivariate analysis (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06–0.62, p = 0.006). Other survival influencing factors such as age, IDH-mutation, MGMT promotor status, and adjuvant treatment modalities were equally distributed between both groups.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that PET GTR improves the OS in patients with WHO grade III or IV gliomas. A multimodal imaging approach including FET-PET for surgical planning in newly diagnosed and recurrent tumors may improve the oncological outcome in glioma patients.
Analysis of the non-periodic oscillations of a self-excited friction-damped system with closely spaced modes
Authors: Woiwode Lukas , Vakakis Alexander F. , Krack Malte
Published: October 2021

It is widely known that dry friction damping can bound the self-excited vibrations induced by negative damping. The vibrations typically take the form of (periodic) limit cycle oscillations. However, when the intensity of the self-excitation reaches a condition of maximum friction damping, the limit cycle loses stability via a fold bifurcation. The behavior may become even more complicated in the presence of any internal resonance conditions. In this work, we consider a two-degree-of-freedom system with an elastic dry friction element (Jenkins element) having closely spaced natural frequencies. The symmetric in-phase motion is subjected to self-excitation by negative (viscous) damping, while the symmetric out-of-phase motion is positively damped. In a previous work, we showed that the limit cycle loses stability via a secondary Hopf bifurcation, giving rise to quasi-periodic oscillations. A further increase in the self-excitation intensity may lead to chaos and finally divergence, long before reaching the fold bifurcation point of the limit cycle. In this work, we use the method of complexification-averaging to obtain the slow flow in the neighborhood of the limit cycle. This way, we show that chaos is reached via a cascade of period-doubling bifurcations on invariant tori. Using perturbation calculus, we establish analytical conditions for the emergence of the secondary Hopf bifurcation and approximate analytically its location. In particular, we show that non-periodic oscillations are the typical case for prominent nonlinearity, mild coupling (controlling the proximity of the modes), and sufficiently light damping. The range of validity of the analytical results presented herein is thoroughly assessed numerically. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that shows how the challenging Jenkins element can be treated formally within a consistent perturbation approach in order to derive closed-form analytical results for limit cycles and their bifurcations.
Rationalizing forecast inefficiency
Authors: Ham Charles G. , Kaplan Zachary R. , Lemayian Zawadi R.
Published: October 2021

We show analysts’ own earnings forecasts predict error in their own forecasts of earnings at other horizons, which we argue provides a measure of the extent to which analysts inefficiently use information. We construct our measure by exploiting two sources of variation in analysts’ incentives: (i) more recent forecasts have greater salience at the time of the earnings release so accuracy incentives are higher (lower) at shorter (longer) forecast horizons and (ii) analysts have greater incentives for optimism (pessimism) at longer (shorter) horizons. Consistent with these incentives affecting the incorporation of information into forecasts, we document (i) current year forecasts underweight (overweight) information in shorter (longer) horizon forecasts and (ii) the mis-weighting is more pronounced when recent news is negative—when analysts have greater (weaker) incentives to incorporate the news into shorter (longer) horizon forecasts. Finally, returns tests suggest that forecasts adjusted for the inefficiency we document better represent market expectations of earnings.
Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Evaluate Investments in the Modernization of Collective Management Irrigation Systems in Valencia (Spain)
Authors: García-Mollá Marta , Puertas Rosa , Sanchis-Ibor Carles
Published: October 2021

Climate change and increased competition for water resources are generating growing concern about how to improve water-use efficiency in agriculture. In turn, this has prompted substantial investments in the installation of water-saving technologies in irrigation systems. The first aim of this research is to use data envelopment analysis to quantify, in terms of gross water savings (GWS), the local-scale efficiency of the irrigation policies adopted in an area of Spain suffering from a structural water deficit. Second, the cross-efficiency method is used to produce a ranking of the irrigation organizations analysed, in order to identify patterns of water-use efficiency performance that can guide future lines of investment. The results reveal that water-use efficiency prior to modernization is a key determinant of the efficiency achieved in terms of GWS at local scale. However, the investments targeted at irrigation modernization often have objectives other than water savings. These and other aspects should be taken into account when allocating public funds to irrigation modernization.
Transmission of Educational Outcomes Across Three Generations: Evidence From Migrant Workers’ Children in China
Authors: Liu Yulan , Deng Zihong , Katz Ilan
Published: October 2021

The migration of parents or children may bring risks to children’s academic performance, but intergenerational effects on the academic performance of migrant workers’ children have been underexplored. This study aims to investigate how grandparents’ socioeconomic status (G1) and parents’ proximal and distal socioeconomic status (G2) influence the academic performance of migrant workers’ children (G3) and the corresponding impacts on the academic performance of migrant and left-behind children. The data used in this study were collected from a survey of 2017 migrant workers conducted in 13 districts and cities of 7 provinces of China in 2014. The results of ordered logistic regression models indicate that G1 grandparent socioeconomic status is positively associated with G2 academic performance and education level. Similarly, G2 parental academic performance and education level are positively linked to G3 academic performance. Parental distal academic performance and education level play an important role in G3 academic performance, but grandparents’ socioeconomic status is not significantly associated with G3 academic performance while controlling for both G1 and G2 variables. In addition, the influence of grandparents’ and parents’ socioeconomic status differs between migrant and left-behind children. Grandparent and parental occupation status only have a significant impact on left-behind children. The educational reproduction of migrant workers’ children has different logics among migrant and left-behind children. Further policies and social services are required to improve the development of migrant workers’ children.
Postbürokratie und die agile Unsicherheitsabsorption in Interaktionen
Authors: Eckstein Bernd , Muster Judith
Published: October 2021

Dieser Beitrag in der Zeitschrift GIO schlägt eine äquivalenzfunktionalistische Perspektive auf postbürokratische Reformen vor, die Teile der Unsicherheitsabsorption von Organisationen in Interaktionssysteme verlagern. Postbürokratie versucht, organisationale und gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts auf den Begriff zu bringen. Auch aktuelle agile Managementkonzepte lassen sich der Postbürokratie zuordnen und zeichnen sich unter anderem durch eine Multiplikation von Interaktionen aus. Mithilfe der Theorie sozialer Systeme untersuchen wir wie neue Unsicherheiten in Organisationen durch postbürokratische Reformen entstehen und von agilen Managementkonzepten bearbeitet werden. An den agilen Konzepten Scrum und Holacracy wird gezeigt, dass diese Verlagerung neuen Formalisierungsbedarf produziert. Im Fokus stehen dabei die Zentrierungen kommunikativer Interdependenzen in Interaktionen in der Sach‑, Zeit- und Sozialdimension. Der Beitrag plädiert für eine äquivalenzfunktionalistische Perspektive auf Postbürokratie, die den Zusammenhang von Formalisierungsverzicht in Organisationen und neuen Formalisierungsbedarfen als funktionalen Leistungszusammenhang begreift.
Vom Paradox zur Resilienz in der Krise: Ein Modell für erfolgreiches Krisenmanagement
Authors: Sparr Jennifer L.
Published: October 2021

In diesem konzeptuellen Beitrag für die Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. wird erfolgreiches Krisenmanagement als Weg von paradoxen Spannungen in der Krise zur Resilienz der Organisation beschrieben. Widersprüchliche und doch miteinander verbundene Interessen, Bedürfnisse und Anforderungen in der aktuellen COVID-19 Pandemie dienen als Beispiele. Das Modell betont die Rolle eines paradoxen Mindsets, welches Führungskräften, Entscheidern und Betroffenen ermöglicht, paradoxe Spannungen als solche zu erkennen, anzunehmen und die Chancen im „sowohl-als auch“ (im Gegensatz zu „entweder-oder“) zu finden. Das paradoxe Mindset fördert die Auseinandersetzung mit den Spannungen in einem wiederkehrenden Prozess des Sinnfindens und Sinnstiftens. Dieser Prozess stößt im Austausch mit den unterschiedlichen Stakeholdern die Entwicklung gemeinsamer „sowohl-als auch“ Denkmodelle, kreativer Herangehensweisen und schrittweisen Lernens an. Somit stärkt die paradoxe Sichtweise die Fähigkeit von Organisationen konstruktiv mit Herausforderungen umzugehen und diese in Chancen zu verwandeln – es macht sie resilienter. Der Beitrag schließt mit drei zusammenfassenden Empfehlungen für das Krisenmanagement.
miR-23a-3p regulates the inflammatory response and fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease by targeting early growth response 1
Authors: Sheng Shuyue , Zou Meina , Yang Yanlin , Guan Meiping , Ren Shijing , Wang Xiangyu , Wang Ling , Xue Yaoming
Published: October 2021

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the most common cause of chronic kidney disease. Proteinuria is generally considered one of the clinical indicators of renal damage, and it is also closely related to the progression of DKD. Accumulating evidence indicates that proteinuria induces an upregulation of the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis markers in renal tubular epithelial cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. Previously, we showed that early growth response 1 (Egr1) played a key role in renal tubular injury. However, the upstream mechanism of Egr1 in the development of DKD is poorly understood. In this study, we found that albumin stimulation significantly increased the expression levels of Egr1, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and fibronectin (FN) in HK-2 cells but decreased miR-23a-3p levels. We then identified that miR-23a-3p targeted the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of Egr1 and directly suppressed the expression of Egr1. Moreover, we found that overexpression and inhibition of miR-23a-3p in HK-2 cells attenuated and promoted the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and FN, respectively. Additionally, Egr1 silencing reversed the inflammation and fibrosis caused by the miR-23a-3p inhibitor. Thus, we conclude that miR-23a-3p attenuates the development of DKD through Egr1, suggesting that targeting miR-23a-3p may be a novel therapeutic approach for DKD.
Problems with models assessing influences of tree size and inter-tree competitive processes on individual tree growth: a cautionary tale
Authors: West P. W. , Ratkowsky D. A.
Published: October 2021

In forest growing at any one site, the growth rate of an individual tree is determined principally by its size, which reflects its metabolic capacity, and by competition from neighboring trees. Competitive effects of a tree may be proportional to its size; such competition is termed ‘symmetric’ and generally involves competition below ground for nutrients and water from the soil. Competition may also be ‘asymmetric’, where its effects are disproportionate to the size of the tree; this generally involves competition above ground for sunlight, when larger trees shade smaller, but the reverse cannot occur. This work examines three model systems often seen as exemplars relating individual tree growth rates to tree size and both competitive processes. Data of tree stem basal area growth rates in plots of even-aged, monoculture forest of blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularisSmith) growing in sub-tropical eastern Australia were used to test these systems. It was found that none could distinguish between size and competitive effects at any time in any one stand and, thus, allow quantification of the contribution of each to explaining tree growth rates. They were prevented from doing so both by collinearity between the terms used to describe each of the effects and technical problems involved in the use of nonlinear least-squares regression to fit the models to any one data set. It is concluded that quite new approaches need to be devised if the effects on tree growth of tree size and competitive processes are to be quantified and modelled successfully.
Update zur Extrakorporalen Photopherese
Authors: Knobler R. , Valero T. , Just U.
Published: October 2021

Vor über 30 Jahren wurde ein von der PUVA abgeleitetes Therapiekonzept zur Behandlung von therapierefraktären kutanen T‑Zell-Lymphomen (CTCL), insbesondere dem Sézary-Syndrom, entwickelt. R. Edelson hat Leukapherese mit Photochemotherapie verbunden, wodurch Zellen des peripheren Blutes extrakorporal nach Photosensibilisierung mittels Psoralen mit UVA-Licht bestrahlt und anschließend rückinfundiert werden. Im Jahr 1987 wurde dieses neue Behandlungskonzept mit dem Namen extrakorporale Photopherese (ECP) erstmals publiziert. Nach den ersten positiven Erfahrungen mit CTCL wurde diese Behandlung bei weiteren Indikationen erfolgreich angewendet, darunter Erkrankungen wie akute und chronische Graft-versus-Host-Reaktion (GvHD), Sklerodermie sowie atopische Dermatitis (AD). Eine zunehmende Anwendung hat die ECP in den letzten Jahren in der Behandlung von akuten und chronischen Abstoßungsreaktionen nach Organtransplantation, insbesondere Herz- und Lungentransplantation, erhalten. Im Jahr 2021 gibt es über 200 Zentren weltweit, welche die ECP erfolgreich einsetzen.
Gamma Irradiation Effects on n-ZnSe/n-Si Isotype Heterojunctions
Authors: Vali Indudhar Panduranga , Keshav Rashmitha , Rajeshwari M. , Vaishnavi K. S. , Mahesha M. G. , Shetty Pramoda Kumara
Published: October 2021

To get an insight into the isotype heterojunction (IHJ) properties, the influence of gamma irradiation (GI) on the structural and electrical properties of n-ZnSe/n-Si has been presented. The ZnSe thin films were deposited onto the n-Si substrate by thermal evaporation technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the nanocrystalline nature of ZnSe thin films with prominent (111) orientation. The gamma irradiated samples displayed no crystallographic phase transformation up to 10 kGy irradiation doses. But noticeable and inconsistent modifications in the different lattice parameters were observed due to irradiation-induced effects. From the analysis of I-V characteristics, it has been found a similar trend in the variation of lattice mismatch, Schottky barrier height and interface trap parameter at different irradiation doses. Thus demonstrating the poor rectification properties of n-ZnSe/n-Si IHJs due to intrinsic and gamma-induced defects, and their role in the space charge limited conduction (SCLC) mechanism that significantly dominating over the thermionic emission (TE) mechanism across the barrier.
Collecting and visualizing data lineage of Spark jobs
Authors: Schoenenwald Alexander , Kern Simon , Viehhauser Josef , Schildgen Johannes
Published: October 2021

Metadata management constitutes a key prerequisite for enterprises as they engage in data analytics and governance. Today, however, the context of data is often only manually documented by subject matter experts, and lacks completeness and reliability due to the complex nature of data pipelines. Thus, collecting data lineage—describing the origin, structure, and dependencies of data—in an automated fashion increases quality of provided metadata and reduces manual effort, making it critical for the development and operation of data pipelines. In our practice report, we propose an end-to-end solution that digests lineage via (Py‑)Spark execution plans. We build upon the open-source component Spline, allowing us to reliably consume lineage metadata and identify interdependencies. We map the digested data into an expandable data model, enabling us to extract graph structures for both coarse- and fine-grained data lineage. Lastly, our solution visualizes the extracted data lineage via a modern web app, and integrates with BMW Group’s soon-to-be open-sourced Cloud Data Hub.
The asymmetric nexus of entrepreneurship and environmental quality in a developing economy
Authors: Philip L. D. , Emir F. , Alola A. A.
Published: October 2021

In spite of the vital role entrepreneurship plays in an economy, recent observations especially from the perspective of climate-related economic activities are indications for the inclusive probe of other salient elements responsible for environmental challenges. Considering the aforementioned framework, therefore, this study explores the asymmetric impact of entrepreneurship on the environmental quality for a developing economy such as Turkey. In a unique dimension, this study utilizes the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model with the aid of yearly data from 1985–2016 while incorporating other related determinants of environmental sustainability. The estimation results depict the presence of asymmetric short-run and long-run impact of the explanatory variables on environmental quality. Interestingly, the results confirm a negative impact of entrepreneurial activities, energy utilization, financial development, and economic growth on the environmental quality irrespective of the nature (either positive or negative) of the shock in the short and long run. However, a positive (negative) shock in trade openness worsens (improve) environmental quality in the short and long run. Furthermore, the investigation affirms the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for Turkey. The main outcome from this paper shows that entrepreneurship has a crucial effect on the environment of Turkey. Generally, this study suggests the introduction of incentives to motivate the creation of sustainable businesses, technological innovation, and smart cities to mitigate its negative impact on the environment is far begging for critical attention in the country.
Religion: A resource in european climate politics? An examination of faith-based contributions to the climate policy discourse in the EU
Authors: Klinkenborg Hannah , Fuchs Doris
Published: October 2021

Recent research has considered the contribution of faith-based actors (FBAs) and religious norms to global sustainability and climate governance. However, as yet, it has paid little attention to the relationship between religion and climate politics in the EU. The EU is supposedly a secular body. Nevertheless, FBAs participate in its climate policy discourse, and, therefore, their normative contributions are of interest. In this article, therefore, we explore the role of FBAs in the EU climate discourse with respect to two specific questions: what, if any, specific normative arguments and claims do the FBAs contribute to the EU’s climate policy discourse; and, can or do the relevant normative arguments and claims serve as a basis for collaboration or are they a source of normative conflict between different FBAs or between FBAs and non-FBAs? To answer these questions, we draw on the EU’s transparency register and a content analysis of a specific dialogue between FBAs and the EU’s institutions. On this basis, we identified a range of active FBAs within EU climate politics and demonstrated that they contribute to the European climate discourse by adding deep-rooted values. One way this is achieved is through the connection of climate values to “creation” and the divine command to mankind which can give specific meaning to one’s understanding of nature and fellow humans, as well as one’s sense of responsibility towards both. Furthermore, we find a basis for both agreement and conflict in references to religious norms and ideas. Many actors from different faiths and secular backgrounds emphasize the compatibility of faith-based and other norms. However, other actors highlight differences in perspectives and challenges to climate governance that arise from “conservative” religious norms.
Gläubige Zweifler. Eine Fallanalyse zur medialen Inszenierung freikirchlicher Religiosität
Authors: Totaro Adrian
Published: October 2021

Religion wandelt in sich modernisierenden Gesellschaften ihre Form und wird zur Wahl; Gemeinden suchen in medialen Arrangements zunehmend nach Aufmerksamkeit. Im Zuge der Pluralisierung stehen sie vor zwei zentralen Herausforderungen: einerseits der Auseinandersetzung mit einer säkularen Gesellschaft und andererseits der Konkurrenz mit anderen Sinnanbietern. Der Beitrag diskutiert anhand eines exemplarischen Falls eine spezifisch kommunikative Problembearbeitung im religiösen Feld. Mit der Wissenssoziologischen Videohermeneutik wird das Webvideo einer christlich-freikirchlichen Gemeinde auf seine mediale Gestalt, das räumliche Setting und die darin körperlich und sprachlich vollzogene Handlung hin untersucht. Die Analyse rekonstruiert auf der medialen Ebene ein Wechselspiel zwischen vertrauten Formen massenmedialer Kommunikation und der Kreation von etwas Eigenem sowie inhaltlich die Auseinandersetzung zwischen Religion und Säkularität. Abschließend werden das dem Datum inhärente Inszenierungsmoment und der über den Fall hinausverweisende Inszenierungstypus eingeordnet.
A GPU-Based Kalman Filter for Track Fitting
Authors: Ai Xiaocong , Mania Georgiana , Gray Heather M. , Kuhn Michael , Styles Nicholas
Published: October 2021

Computing centres, including those used to process High-Energy Physics data and simulations, are increasingly providing significant fractions of their computing resources through hardware architectures other than x86 CPUs, with GPUs being a common alternative. GPUs can provide excellent computational performance at a good price point for tasks that can be suitably parallelized. Charged particle (track) reconstruction is a computationally expensive component of HEP data reconstruction, and thus needs to use available resources in an efficient way. In this paper, an implementation of Kalman filter-based track fitting using CUDA and running on GPUs is presented. This utilizes the ACTS (A Common Tracking Software) toolkit; an open source and experiment-independent toolkit for track reconstruction. The implementation details and parallelization approach are described, along with the specific challenges for such an implementation. Detailed performance benchmarking results are discussed, which show encouraging performance gains over a CPU-based implementation for representative configurations. Finally, a perspective on the challenges and future directions for these studies is outlined. These include more complex and realistic scenarios which can be studied, and anticipated developments to software frameworks and standards which may open up possibilities for greater flexibility and improved performance.
Books (Are Not Like People): A Postdigital Fable
Authors: Costello Eamon , Soverino Tiziana , Girme Prajakta
Published: October 2021

What are books? In 2054, where reading and writing have been banned, a scholar in a dystopian academy known as University V might legitimately pose such a question. This article uses speculative fiction as a form of narrative enquiry to explore the socio-materiality of the iconic educational artefact of the textbook. It gives an empirical account of socio-material practices of textbook use (and non-use) gathered from a series of interviews with online distance education students. We analyse these interviews via speculative fiction. We engage in a sense-making activity of the student testimony by narrating their story, via a scholar looking back at our times from a post-literature future. We seek to contribute to a relative dearth of future studies that use real student data. We give an example of how speculative fiction may be used as a form of research method to analyse and interpret such data. In so doing, we seek to cast a light on current educational practices, to show how books and people are entangled. As people, objects and spaces of education intertwine, they call our attention to the interplay of form and function. They decentre the human actor. We attempt to show how form legitimates certain types of knowledge, certain people, indeed people themselves from other non-human actors. We conclude that knowledge is not disembodied, is not stable and is not locked up in books. In our final analysis, we conclude what may seem obviously true, that books are not like people.
Effect of the Matric Potential on Growth and Water, Nitrate and Potassium Absorption of Vegetables under Soilless Culture
Authors: Peçanha Diego Alves , da Cunha-Chiamolera Tatiana Pagan Loeiro , Chourak Yasmina , Martínez-Rivera Evelynn Yoselinn , Urrestarazu Miguel
Published: October 2021

To exploit the full potential of plants, it is essential to provide an adequate water balance during critical growth stages. With knowledge of the substrate’s matric potential, it is possible to realistically measure the amount of water available to the plant. The objective of this research is to study the effect of the matric potential of the substrate on the growth of beans, lettuce, sweet peppers, watermelon, and cauliflower plants. The research goal was to evaluate the effect of the matric potential on the main fertigation parameters of horticultural plants. The plants were cultivated at the University of Almería (Spain) in a controlled chamber in a pot with 250 mL of coconut fiber substrate from block propagation. For treatments T15, T30, T45, and T60, new irrigation was applied when easily available water (EAW) depletion levels of 15, 30, 45, and 60% were reached, respectively. The efficiency of the use of water (WUE), nitrate (NUE), and potassium (KUE) was measured. From T15 to T60, a significant effect was found for the absorption of water, nitrate and potassium, WUE, NUE, and KUE. T60 reduced the plant growth by half. The largest growth was between 15 and 30% of the level of use of EAW. Two different models were constructed according to each plant. It is possible to have a small depletion in the available water and still have plant growth, if there is a balance between the air and water needs of the substrate.
Resuscitation of an Unconscious Victim of Accidental Hypothermia in 1805
Authors: Wallner Bernd , Giesbrecht Gordon , Pasquier Mathieu , Gordon Les , Lechner Raimund , Brugger Hermann , Paal Peter , Darocha Tomasz , Zafren Ken
Published: October 2021

In 1805, W.D., a 16-y-old boy, became hypothermic after he was left alone on a grounded boat in Leith Harbour, near Edinburgh, Scotland. He was brought to his own house and resuscitated with warm blankets, smelling salts, and massage by Dr. George Kellie. W.D. made an uneventful recovery. We discuss the pathophysiology and treatment of accidental hypothermia, contrasting treatment in 1805 with treatment today. W.D. was hypothermic when found by passersby. Although he appeared dead, he was rewarmed with help from Dr. Kellie and his assistants over 200 y ago using simple methods. One concept that has not changed is the critical importance of attempting resuscitation, even if it seems to be futile. Don’t give up!
Introduction to Cosmology
Authors: Ryden Barbara
Published: October 2021

This second edition of Introduction to Cosmology is an exciting update of an award-winning textbook. It is aimed primarily at advanced undergraduate students in physics and astronomy, but is also useful as a supplementary text at higher levels. It explains modern cosmological concepts, such as dark energy, in the context of the Big Bang theory. Its clear, lucid writing style, with a wealth of useful everyday analogies, makes it exceptionally engaging. Emphasis is placed on the links between theoretical concepts of cosmology and the observable properties of the universe, building deeper physical insights in the reader. The second edition includes recent observational results, fuller descriptions of special and general relativity, expanded discussions of dark energy, and a new chapter on baryonic matter that makes up stars and galaxies. It is an ideal textbook for the era of precision cosmology in the accelerating universe.
Guiding principles to maintain public trust in the use of mobile operator data for policy purposes
Authors: Jansen Ronald , Kovacs Karoly , Esko Siim , Saluveer Erki , Sõstra Kaja , Bengtsson Linus , Li Tracey , Adewole Wole A. , Nester Jade , Arai Ayumi , Magpantay Esperanza
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of mobile operator data to support public policy, although without a universal governance framework for its application. This article describes five principles to guide and assist statistical agencies, mobile network operators and intermediary service providers, who are actively working on projects using mobile operator data to support governments in monitoring the effectiveness of its COVID-19 related interventions. These are principles of necessity and proportionality, of professional independence, of privacy protection, of commitment to quality, and of international comparability. Compliance with each of these principles can help maintain public trust in the handling of these sensitive data and their results, and therefore keep citizen support for government policies. Three projects (in Estonia, Ghana, and the Gambia) were described and reviewed with respect to the compliance and applicability of the five principles. Most attention was placed on privacy protection, somewhat at the expense of the quality of the compiled indicators. The necessity and proportionality in the choice of mobile operator data can be very well justified given the need for timely, frequent and granular indicators. Explicitly addressing the five principles in the preparation of a project should give confidence to the statistical agency and its partners, that enough care has been exercised in the set up and implementation of the project, and should convey trust to public and government in the use mobile operator data for policy purposes.
Evaporation of a thin droplet in a shallow well: theory and experiment
Authors: D'Ambrosio Hannah-May , Colosimo Teresa , Duffy Brian R. , Wilson Stephen K. , Yang Lisong , Bain Colin D. , Walker Daniel E.
Published: October 2021

Motivated by the industrial manufacture of organic light-emitting-diode displays, we formulate and analyse a mathematical model for the evolution of a thin droplet in a shallow axisymmetric well of rather general shape both before and after touchdown that accounts for the spatially non-uniform evaporation of the fluid, perform physical experiments using three cylindrical wells with different small aspect ratios, and validate the mathematical model by comparing the present experimental results with the corresponding theoretical predictions for a cylindrical well.
Observing linguistic evolution in an Irish archipelago
Authors: Ó Direáin Séamas
Published: October 2021

This article describes the results of a research project carried out over a period of 25 years on the spoken Irish Gaelic of the Aran Islands, Co. Galway, Ireland. It combines microdialectology with sociolinguistics and investigates a wide range of phonological, grammatical, and lexical variables. In addition to revealing complex patterns of geolinguistic variation involving small local areas on the main island and on neighboring islands, it also shows the clear influence of age, gender, and individual creativity on the patterns of variation.
ISOLATED SUBGROUPS OF FINITE p-GROUPS
Authors: SONG QIANGWEI , AN LIJIAN
Published: October 2021

We say that a subgroup H is isolated in a group G if for each
$x\in G$
either
$x\in H$
or
$\langle x\rangle \cap H={1}$
. We determine the structure of finite p-groups with isolated minimal nonabelian subgroups and finite p-groups with an isolated metacyclic subgroup.
Casting Ballots When Knowing Results
Authors: Araújo Victor , Gatto Malu A.C.
Published: October 2021

Access to information about candidates' performance has long stood as a key factor shaping voter behaviour, but establishing how it impacts behaviour in real-world settings has remained challenging. In the 2018 Brazilian presidential elections, unpredictable technical glitches caused by the implementation of biometrics as a form of identification led some voters to cast ballots after official tallies started being announced. In addition to providing a source of exogenous variation of information exposure, run-off elections also enable us to distinguish between different mechanisms underlying the impact of information exposure. We find strong support for a vote-switching bandwagon effect: information exposure motivates voters to abandon losing candidates and switch support for the frontrunner – a finding that stands in the second round, when only two candidates compete against each other. These findings provide theoretical nuance and stronger empirical support for the mechanisms underpinning the impact of information exposure on voter behaviour.
Globally important refuge for the loggerhead sea turtle: Maio Island, Cabo Verde
Authors: Patino-Martinez Juan , Dos Passos Leno , Afonso Inês O. , Teixidor Arnau , Tiwari Manjula , Székely Tamás , Moreno Rocío
Published: October 2021

One of the largest nesting colonies of the Vulnerable loggerhead sea turtleCaretta carettais in Cabo Verde. Here we present the first comprehensive study of loggerhead turtle nesting on the island of Maio in Cabo Verde. During 2016–2019 we monitored 38 km of undeveloped sandy beaches that have minimal artificial lighting and where all nesting on Maio takes place. We counted 4,063 nests in 2016, 5,429 in 2017, 14,364 in 2018 and 7,937 in 2019. The estimated total number of females was 1,016, 1,357, 3,591 and 1,984 in each of these years, respectively. Our findings suggest there are more loggerhead turtles nesting in Cabo Verde than previously estimated, and that this could be the species’ largest nesting subpopulation (followed by Florida, USA and Oman). The inter-annual hatching success (the proportion of eggs producing hatchlings) was 29–38% for the whole island but varied between sites. Our study of 250 clutches showed that flooding affected 38–61% and predation by crabs 40–42%, with hatching success on different beaches in the range of 1–59%. Poaching of eggs was rare (< 2% of clutches), but dogs predated 68.4% of all clutches on the beach nearest the largest human settlement. We evaluated different nest management strategies at multiple sites and estimated productivity of hatchlings (the number of hatchlings that would reach the sea for each management strategy), finding that hatcheries are not always the best option for nest management. As the beaches on Maio are relatively undisturbed, and there is a high abundance and density of turtle nests, the island should be protected as a globally important site for the conservation of the loggerhead turtle, and of coastal biodiversity more broadly.
Psychotherapeutic interventions for the prevention of suicide re-attempts: a systematic review
Authors: Sobanski Thomas , Josfeld Sebastian , Peikert Gregor , Wagner Gerd
Published: October 2021

A history of suicide attempt (SA) is a strong predictor of future suicide re-attempts or suicide. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions specifically designed for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. A systematic search from 1980 to June 2020 was performed via the databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Only randomized controlled trials were included which clearly differentiated suicidal self-harm from non-suicidal self-injury in terms of intent to die. Moreover, psychotherapeutic interventions had to be focused on suicidal behaviour and the numbers of suicide re-attempts had to be used as outcome variables. By this procedure, 18 studies were identified. Statistical comparison of all studies revealed that psychotherapeutic interventions in general were significantly more efficacious than control conditions in reducing the risk of future suicidal behaviour nearly by a third. Separate analyses revealed that cognitive-behavioural therapy as well as two different psychodynamic approaches were significantly more efficacious than control conditions. Dialectical behaviour therapy and elementary problem-solving therapy were not superior to control conditions in reducing the number of SAs. However, methodological reasons may explain to some extent these negative results. Considering the great significance of suicidal behaviour, there is unquestionably an urgent need for further development of psychotherapeutic techniques for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. Based on the encouraging results of this systematic review, it can be assumed that laying the focus on suicidal episodes might be the key intervention for preventing suicide re-attempts and suicides.
TOPICS, DOUBLE CODING AND FORM FUNCTIONALITY IN THOMAS ADÈS'S PIANO QUINTET
Authors: Donaldson James
Published: October 2021

This article interrogates the formal and expressive roles of the opening horn-call topic in Thomas Adès's Piano Quintet (2001). Although William Caplin describes the relationship of topics to form as ‘rather tenuous’, he notes that some topics have a ‘likely’ formal relation.1Within this, he includes the rising horn call as an initiating function. Drawing upon Charles Jencks’ influential concept of double coding, which describes a sign's ‘attempt to communicate with both the public and a concerned minority’,2I show how the Piano Quintet's horn-call opening satisfies, on one level, the familiar (tonal) initiating formal function that Caplin describes but, understood in the context of two significant reversals of the horn call's characteristic rising contour to descending horn fifths (the openings of Beethoven's ‘Les Adieux’ sonata and Ligeti's Horn Trio), Adès's opening can be understood as transgressive. This Janus-faced interpretation of the opening bars engages both positively and critically with these references to the past, a double-coded understanding which points to Adès's continued popularity in both academic and concert spheres.
‘JUST A WORD ON A STAVE AND THERE IS THE OPERA’: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MUSIC AND LIBRETTO IN PHILIP VENABLES’ 4.48 PSYCHOSIS
Authors: Crathorne Tom
Published: October 2021

The success of Philip Venables’ opera adaptation of Sarah Kane's 4.48 Psychosis is underpinned by its powerful presentation of the play's text. This is predominantly facilitated by the other musical forces present, rather than through clever text-setting alone. Venables uses an array of timbral techniques, theatrical performance directions, referential sound effects, interactions with literary devices in the text and allusions to other musical genres in the opera to support and supplement his vocal writing. This article argues that the instrumental composition in 4.48 is critical in ensuring comprehension of the libretto and that, because of his working methods, Venables’ adaptation is faithful to Kane's sensitive play.
Aprosodia Subsequent to Right Hemisphere Brain Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Stockbridge Melissa D. , Sheppard Shannon M. , Keator Lynsey M. , Murray Laura L. , Lehman Blake Margaret ,   Right Hemisphere Disorders working group, Evidence-Based Clinical Research Committee, Academy of Neurological Communication Disorders and Sciences
Published: October 2021

Objective:

To identify which aspects of prosody are negatively affected subsequent to right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) and to evaluate the methodological quality of the constituent studies.

Method:

Twenty-one electronic databases were searched to identify articles from 1970 to February 2020 by entering keywords. Eligibility criteria for articles included a focus on adults with acquired RHD, prosody as the primary research topic, and publication in a peer-reviewed journal. A quality appraisal was conducted using a rubric adapted from Downs and Black (1998).

Results:

Of the 113 articles appraised as eligible and appropriate for inclusion, 71 articles were selected to undergo data extraction for both meta-analyses of population effect size estimates and qualitative synthesis. Across all domains of prosody, the effect estimate wasg= 2.51 [95% CI (1.94, 3.09),t= 8.66,p< 0.0001], based on 129 contrasts between RHD and non-brain-damaged healthy controls (NBD), indicating a significant random effects model. This effect size was driven by findings in emotional prosody,g= 2.48 [95% CI (1.76, 3.20),t= 6.88,p< 0.0001]. Overall, studies of higher quality (rpb= 0.18,p< 0.001) and higher sample size/contrast ratio (rpb= 0.25,p< 0.001) were more likely to report significant differences between RHD and NBD participants.

Conclusions:

The results confirm consistent evidence for emotional prosody deficits in the RHD population. Inconsistent evidence was observed across linguistic prosody domains and pervasive methodological issues were identified across studies, regardless of their prosody focus. These findings highlight the need for more rigorous and sufficiently high-powered designs to examine prosody subsequent to RHD, particularly within the linguistic prosody domain.
The IALS Library Transformed!
Authors: Gee David
Published: October 2021

In this article David Gee, the Librarian at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (IALS), describes the recent two year ‘IALS Transformation Project’ that Charles Clore House at 17 Russell Square has undergone and the benefits for the Institute and its library that have resulted from the refurbishment work that has been carried out. He looks at the aims of the project, explains how a continuity of services and activities during the works has been assured and how the transformation of the building meets the needs of the postgraduate law students and legal researchers of today.