bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Complete Campylobacter fetus Genomes Derived from Public Repositories
Authors: Paintsil Ellis Kobina , Adu-Asiamah Cynthia Kyerewaa , Akenten Charity Wiafe , Boahen Kennedy Gyau , Kwarteng Alexander , Berg Stefan , Danso Kwasi Obiri , Dekker Denise , Ofori Linda Aurelia
Published: October 2023

Background: Campylobacter fetus(Cf) causes reproductive problems in livestock and infections in immunocompromised individuals. The pathogenesis of Cf can be better understood by using bioinformatics tools to study their genomes. We report on comparative genomic analysis that includes all 23 publicly available complete genomes of C. fetus, as of 30 June 2023, collected from diverse sources across the globe.
Results: There was no overlap of ST among the Campylobacter fetussubsp. fetus (Cff), Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis(Cfv) and Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum (Cft) genomes. The majority (90.0%) of the C. fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) were ST-4. Although no phenotypicresistance was predicted, the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center software identified a total of 635 antibiotic resistance genes, with gyrA, gyrB, MacA and MacB present in all analyzed genomes. One Cff strain (CFF09A980) from bovine harboured tetracycline and streptomycin resistance genes, tet(44) and ant(6)-Ib. AnotherCftstrain (772) isolated from a human host had the tetracycline gene, tet(o). A total of 185 virulence factors were identified from the 23 genomes with each genome having exactly eight virulence factors: flgC, fliQ, fliM, fliN, fliP, fliI, pseB, and cheY. There were 63 prophage elements detected, but only four were intact. There were no protein family exclusive to only one strain. Proteomic analysis showed that Cft strains Sp3 and 772 have the least percentage identity to the reference genome. Phylogenetic tree of the 23 Cf genomes clustered in two major groups; Cft strains clustered together while Cfv, Cfvi and Cff were on one major clade.
Conclusion: These findings provide greater insights into the degree of pathogenicity and genomic diversity of complete genomes of Cf.
Study on mechanical response and fracture characteristics of rock under full path unloading
Authors: Liu Gang , Wang Dongwei , Li Yingming , Xiao Fukun
Published: October 2023

When the underground roadway of the coal mine passes through the abnormal area of geological structure (fault, collapse column, fracture zone, etc.), the excavation induces the unloading instability of engineering rock mass. The rock mass in the fracture zone is in elastic, plastic, and post-peak stress states. The process of excavation through the fracture zone is essentially unloading from the full stress path. To explore the mechanical response to sandstone under different stress levels, based on the study of the possibility of stress path, the elastic axial pressure unloading confining pressure, the elastic principal stress constant unloading confining pressure, the plastic axial pressure unloading confining pressure, the plastic principal stress constant unloading confining pressure, the plastic axial D1 displacement constant unloading confining pressure, the plastic axial pressure confining pressure proportional unloading, and the post-peak axial pressure confining pressure synchronous unloading path are systematically carried out. The characteristics of a full stress-strain curve under 7 unloading paths are obtained, the deformation law caused by unloading is analyzed, and the relationship between the unloading path and strain increment is studied. It is obtained that with the increase of unloading degree, the unloading deformation modulus E in the elastic stress state first increases, then stabilizes, and then decreases, and the unloading deformation modulus E in the plastic stress state gradually decreases, Poisson's ratio µ both showed an increasing trend, normalized plastic shear strain \({\gamma ^p}/\gamma _{{\hbox{max} }}^{p}\) and dilatancy angle ψ according to the single exponential function, the initial confining pressure is negatively correlated with the dilatancy angle, and the research results can support the enrichment and development of unloading rock mechanics.
Development and initiation of a preceptor program to improve midwifery and nursing clinical education in sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for a mixed methods study
Authors: de Water Brittney van , Renning Kelsey , Nyondo Anda , Sonnie Mustapha , Longacre Ashley , Ewing Helen , Fullah Mary , Chepuka Lignet , Mann Julie
Published: October 2023

Background:Expanding the quality and quantity of midwifery and nursing clinical preceptors is a critical need in many sub-Saharan educational settings to strengthen students’ clinical learning outcomes, and ultimately to improve maternal and child mortality. Therefore, this study was developed to establish a year-long, four step, precepting program to 1) improve partnership building and program development 2) provide an evidence-based course to expand competency and confidence in precepting students 3) select preceptors to become train the trainers and 4) secure accreditation for the program, ultimately to engage and support cohorts of preceptors and continue to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the program over five years.
Methods:Qualitative and quantitative approaches will be used including evaluation of preceptors, faculty and leadership involved with the program, as well as students taught by preceptors. Data will include validated self-assessment scales, objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs), satisfaction surveys, and direct clinical observation, in-depth interviews and/or focus group discussions (preceptors); feedback forms (students); process mapping and organizational readiness for implementing change surveys (faculty and leadership). Median change in scores will be the primary outcome for quantitative data. Content analysis within a deductive framework to identify key implementation and adoption themes will be used for qualitative data analysis.
Discussion:This study aims to assess the readiness and early effectiveness for implementing a preceptor program for midwifery and nursing in Sierra Leone and Malawi. Determining the effectiveness of this program will guide future adaptations in order to strengthen the program for sustainability and potential scale-up.
Auricular acupressure to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions to colonoscopic bowel preparation: a randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Ye Huizhen , Mo Yan , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Beiping , Hu Xuejun , Zhong Cailing
Published: October 2023

Background: During colonoscopic bowel preparation, intolerance symptoms such as abdominal pain and nausea negatively impact patient compliance and the quality of bowel preparation. Chinese auricular acupressure could alleviate this phenomenon and promote gastrointestinal function. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of auricular acupressure for reducing the incidence of adverse reactions during bowel preparation.
Methods: A total of 190 inpatients will be included in this parallel-group randomized controlled trial and will be split equally between the control and intervention groups. The intervention group will receive auricular acupressure during bowel preparation, whereas the control group will receive no additional treatm ent. The total incidence of adverse reactions to bowel preparation is the primary variable, while secondary outcome measures include the incidence and corresponding score of various adverse events, patientwillingness to participate in a future colonoscopy, laxative ingestion time, 100% laxative intake rate, and bowel preparation quality. Analyses will be performed using both intention-to-treat and per-protocol methods. The effects of the intervention will be evaluated by comparing the outcomes between the two arms.
Discussion: This study will provide objective evidenceto evaluate the efficacy and safety of auricular acupressure on the adverse reactionsof bowel preparation providing an important reference for larger trials in the future
Trial registration number: ChiCTR2200061742
A large posterior fragment in pertrochanteric fractures – pathoanatomic and 3D CT study
Authors: Bartoníček Jan , Bartoška Radek , Skála-Rosenbaum Jiří , Alt Jan , Naňka Ondřej , Tuček Michal
Published: October 2023

Background
Three-part pertrochanteric fractures with a large posterior fragment have been reported both in historical and recent 3D CT studies, however, without a detailed description.
Methods
From the collection of the Institute of Anatomy, the authors obtained 6 specimens of hip joints of individuals who had sustained a three-part pertrochanteric fracture with a large posterior fragment, and 7 patients with the same type of fracture were identified in a cohort of 56 patients with a trochanteric fracture documented by 3D CT reconstructions. The study focused on the anatomy of the posterior fragment, the courses of the fracture lines, the integrity of the medial cortex and the lateral trochanteric wall.
Results
Two types of the posterior fragment were identified, the quadrangular and the triangular ones. Separation of either of them markedly weakened the lateral trochanteric wall, more specifically, one quarter to two-thirds of its lateral surface. The triangular fragment was associated with shear instability on the medial aspect of the proximal femur and was markedly displaced in 5 of 7 cases. Exact identification of the shape and size of the posterior fragment was impossible with the use of postinjury radiographs alone.
Conclusion
In agreement with historical and recent CT studies, the findings of this study confirm the existence of a three-part type of pertrochanteric fracture with a large posterior fragment, and provides its detailed description, including its relevance to clinical practice.
Hole quality and thermal defects in drilled CFRP by nanosecond pulsed laser
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Yang Sen , Gao Youdong , Xu Man , Wan Yu , Wu Meng , Li Lin , Wang Chenzhuo , Zhong Mian , Wang Biyi , Jiang Yong
Published: October 2023

To explore the effect of nanosecond pulse laser drilling on the quality of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The effects of laser parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, pulse width and laser frequency on micro-hole quality and the thermal damage generated during the drilling process, were studied by using the univariate methods and the orthogonal experimental method for drilling micro-holes with a diameter of 0.4 mm using a 1064 nm fiber laser. The results indicate that with the use of pumping at the entrance, the hole diameter and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) width at the entrance and exit increased significantly with the increase of laser power, pulse width and frequency, and the decrease of scanning speed. The variation in HAZ width at the exit was correlated with whether the energy reached the carbon fiber ablation threshold. All the holes were tapered and the hole taper was closely related to the magnitude of the change in the laser parameters on the hole diameter at the entrance and exit. Holes with a taper of about 0.3 were obtained when the parameter combination was 99 W, 50 mm/s, 13 ns and 1500 kHz. Experiments indicate that laser power and pulse width are important factors affecting the quality of micro-hole processing. However, thermal damage defects such as striations, micro-cracks, delamination, voids and surface fiber ‘fish scale’ peeling can occur during nanosecond laser drilling.
Novel Electrochemical Sensor based on rGO@TiO2 Composite Material and Ion-Imprinted Polymer Modification for Highly Selective Detection of Cadmium Ions in Real Samples
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Yanmeng , Huang Weihong , Wang Baozhi , Xu Wanzhen , Yang Wenmiing
Published: October 2023

Cd(II) has extensive applications in various industries such as electronics, batteries, and coatings, but it is also known as a highly hazardous pollutant. An electrochemical sensor based on ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) and reduced graphene oxide-titanium oxide (rGO@TiO2) was prepared for the selective sensitive determination of Cd(II) in real samples. The IIPs were prepared using modified SiO2 as the carrier by surface imprinting technology, which increased the imprinting sites of the polymer and made template ions easy to eluate and improved the electron transfer rate and separation efficiency. The Cd(II) ion-imprinted electrochemical sensor was constructed by mixing IIPs with rGO@TiO2 in proportion. The morphologies of the imprinted composites were characterized by TEM, FT-IR, and XRD. The electrochemical behavior of imprinted polymers was characterized by CV, DPV, and EIS. The results demonstrated that the sensor has good selectivity for target Cd(II). Under optimized experimental conditions, the electrochemical sensor showed a good linear relationship in the range of 10− 8 ~ 10− 5 mol L-1, and the lowest detection limit was 1.2×10− 8 mol L-1. The sensor had excellent repeatability and stability in addition to high sensitivity and strong selectivity. Finally, the electrochemical sensor has been successfully applied to the determination of trace Cd(II) in practical samples.
Uncovering anisotropic effects of electric high-moment dipoles on the tunneling current in δ-layer tunnel junctions
Authors: Granado Juan Mendez , Mamaluy Denis
Published: October 2023

The precise positioning of dopants in semiconductors using scanning tunneling microscopes has led to the development of planar dopant-based devices, also known as δ-layers, facilitating the exploration of new concepts in classical and quantum computing. Recently it have been shown that two distinct conductivity regimes (low- and high- bias regimes) exist in δ-layer tunnel junctions due to the presence of quasi-discrete and continuous states in the conduction band of δ-layer systems. Furthermore, discrete charged impurities in the tunnel junction region significantly influence the tunneling rates in δ-layer tunnel junctions. Here we demonstrate that electrical dipoles, i.e. zero-charge impurities, present in the tunnel junction region can also significantly alter the tunneling rate, depending, however, on the specific conductivity regime, and orientation and moment of the dipole. In the low-bias regime, with high-resistance tunneling mode, dipole impurities of nearly all orientations and moments can alter the current, indicating the extreme sensitivity of the tunneling current to the slightest imperfection in the tunnel gap. In the high-bias regime, with low-resistivity, only dipole defects with high moments and oriented in the directions perpendicular to the electron tunneling direction can significantly affect the current, thus making this conductivity regime significantly less prone to the influence of dipole defects with low-moments or oriented along the propagation direction.
Induced turbulence in the quantum channel of high dimensional QKD system using structured light
Authors: KAMRAN MUHAMMAD , KHAN MUHAMMAD MUBASHIR , MALIK TAHIR
Published: October 2023

In the last two decades, structured light patterns with orbital angular momentum (OAM) have been extensively utilized in quantum cryptography or quantum key distribution, which is generally considered an unconditionally secure method of secret key transmission between two distant communicating entities. High-dimensional encoding of quantum bits in quantum key distribution improves the security and information-carrying capability of a quantum signal. Significant degradation in the efficiency of such communication is observed due to the aberration of OAM states under atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the impact of atmospheric turbulence on the error-rates of quantum key distribution, which is considered the benchmark in analyzing the security of such communication over the quantum channel in the presence of an intruder (man-in-the-middle). Our results show that turbulence under normal conditions does not significantly affect the successful transmission of secret quantum bits between sender and receiver. Furthermore, we identify an interesting variation in the signature of error-rates to clearly detect the presence of an intruder as a result of medium-level turbulence.
Complex Networks Disintegration Based on Learning Automata
Authors: Eslahi Neda , Masoumi Behrooz
Published: October 2023

Complex network disintegration stands as a paramount challenge within network science, playing a pivotal role in the mitigation of malicious network behaviour. Beyond its defensive role, it offers a strategy with broader applicability, encompassing risk prediction for networks with positive attributes. Complex networks, deeply rooted in graph theory, serve as a fundamental modelling framework across diverse problem domains, ranging from social networks, communications, and telecommunications to security, power distribution, information transmission, and even weather analysis with geographical implications. Yet, the disintegration of real-world networks carries tangible costs, necessitating the development of cost-effective methods a pressing concern when confronting such networks. Additionally, real-world networks often exhibit heterogeneity, mandating practical considerations in proposed solutions. Traditionally, complex network disintegration has relied on graph theory-based algorithms and heuristic methods. Recent years, however, have witnessed the incorporation of learning algorithms that engage dynamically with complex environments. Reinforcement learning, owing to its interactive nature with the environment, emerges as a well-suited methodology. Moreover, this paper introduces an innovative approach leveraging the Learning Automata algorithm to enhance existing disintegration strategies. This research explores the central role of complex network disintegration, bridging conventional graph theory techniques with cutting-edge reinforcement learning methods. The outcome is a more comprehensive and adaptable framework for addressing real-world network challenges, spanning defence against malicious networks with the optimized cost in unknown networks.
Modeling cassava root system architecture and the underlying dynamics in shoot-root carbon allocation
Authors: Nattharat Punyasu , Thaiprsit Jittrawan , Kalapanulak Saowalak , Saithong Treenut ,   Johannes Auke Postma (S108)
Published: October 2023

· Background and Aims:
Plants store carbohydrates for later use during, e.g., night, drought, and recovery after stress. Carbon allocation presents the plant with tradeoffs, notably between growth and storage. We asked how this tradeoff works for cassava (Manihot esculenta)pre- and post-storage root (SR) formation and if manipulation of the number of storage organs and leaf growth rate might increase yield.
· Methods:
We developed a functional-structural plant model, called MeOSR, to simulate carbon partitioning underlying cassava growth and SR formation in conjunction with the root system's three-dimensional (3D) architecture (RSA). We validated the model against experimental data and simulated phenotypes varying in the number of SR and leaf growth rate.
· Results:
The simulated 3D RSA and the root mass closely represented those of field-grown plants. The model simulated root growth and associated carbon allocation across development stages. Substantial accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) preceded SR formation, suggesting sink-limited growth. SR mass and canopy photosynthesis might be increased by both increasing the number of SR and the leaf growth rate.
· Conclusion:
MeOSR offers a valuable tool for simulating plant growth, its associated carbon economy, and 3D RSA over time. In the first month, the specific root length increased due to root branching, but in the third month, it decreased due to secondary root growth. The accumulation of NSC might initiate SR development in cassava. Cassava growth is relatively slow during the first 3 months, and a faster crop establishment combined with a greater SR growth might increase yield.
Risk Factors, Prognostic Indicators, and a Prognostic Nomogram for Distant Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer Patients without Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Yu Xiaoqing , Deng Qin , He Lingyun , Hu Daixing , Yang Lu
Published: October 2023

Background:
Despite negative lymph node (N0) status, thyroid cancer (TC) patients may still experience distant metastasis (DM), which significantly affects their survival. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for DM in thyroid cancer patients (N0) and develop a predictive nomogram model for analyzing the prognosis of TC N0 patients with DM.
Methods:
Collected data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for 18,487 thyroid cancer patients (N0) between 2004 and 2015 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic and Cox regression models were used to identify independent risk factors for DM and assess 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curve was used to analyze the survival probability and cumulative risk of patients with different variables in the subgroup of DM in TC N0, and the Cox analysis results were used to construct an innovative nomogram model. The nomogram model's performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, concordance index (C-index), and calibration curves.
Result:
Six variables, including age (P < 0.001), race (P = 0.002), grade (P < 0.001), histology (P < 0.001), T stage (P < 0.001), and median income (P = 0.030), were identified as independent predictors of DM in thyroid cancer patients (N0), and we further achieved a good AUC of 0.837 (95% CI: 0.812–0.862) when predicting the risk of DM in TC N0. Similarly, age at diagnosis (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001), grade (p<0.001), histology (p<0.001), T stage (p<0.001), tumor size (p<0.001), and surgery (p<0.001) were identified as independent prognostic factors of DM in thyroid cancer patients (N0). An OS predictive nomogram was developed based on these factors, which demonstrated good performance according to the ROC, C-index, and calibration curves. In the training cohort, the areas under the ROC for 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 0.941, 0.915, and 0.902, respectively, while in the validation cohort, they were 0.929, 0.913, and 0.899.
Conclusion:
This study examined the clinicopathological features
associated with the risk and prognosis of DM in thyroid cancer patients (N0), and successfully established and validated a nomogram capable of predicting OS in individual patients with DM. The nomogram is highly useful for the timely identification of thyroid cancer patients (N0) at high risk of DM by physicians, enabling individualized survival evaluations and treatment for TC patients with DM (N0).
Characterizing the microbiome composition of the nares, oropharynx, and hand of monozygotic twins and its interplay with Staphylococcus aureus carriage
Authors: Dalman Mark , Simison Brian , Nielson Danny , Bhatta Sabana , Ramahi Noor , Yee Clair , Thapaliya Dipendra , Kadariya Jhalka , Cheatham Shanice , Olson Hailee
Published: October 2023

Background
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium commonly found in the nares and oropharynx of one in three individuals and has the potential to cause significant health problems. With antibiotic resistant strains causing 11,000 deaths yearly and ~ 2% of the population nasally colonized with MRSA, a search for predictive markers and causal relationships between carriage have been long-sought goals. Within our study, we leveraged monozygotic twin participants in concert with spatial microbiome analyses to characterize impacts of S. aureus on composition.
Results:
We recruited 147 monozygotic twin pairs and characterized three sites: nares, oropharynx, and hand microbiomes using 16S rRNA v3-v4 sequencing in addition to S. aureus carriage status. Prevalence of S. aureus was highest in the oropharynx followed by nares and hand with concordance between twin pairs highest in the nares, followed by oropharynx. All microbiome sites were significantly modified by the presence of S. aureus as illustrated by beta diversity and DESeq2 analyses. Microbiome composition was most similar in twins’ nares that were S. aureus culture positive concordant, whereas twins that were culture negative concordant had the most similarity in the Oropharynx. Of significance, Moraxella nonliquefacians and Capnocytophaga were inversely associated with S. aureus in the nares and oropharynx, respectively. Based on Maaslin2 analyses, we identify that S. aureus prevalence significantly affected pathways associated with Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites, Infectious Diseases, Amino Acid Metabolism, Cellular Processes and Signaling, and Immune System Diseases only in the nares microbiome.
Conclusions:
This improved understanding of S. aureus colonization on nares, oropharynx, and hand microbiomes in monozygotic twin pairs is a further step towards unraveling the degree to which the microbiome are influenced by host genetics and S. aureus carriage.
A Multimodal Large Language Model for Forestry in pest and disease recognition
Authors: Zhang Maolin , Li Xianyong , Du Yajun , Rao Zihan , Chen Songlin , Wang Weicheng , Chen Xiaoliang , Huang Dong , Wang Shumin
Published: October 2023

In the context of generative multimodal dialogue, the amalgamation of image and text forms the fundamental basis for a wide array of visual and language tasks. Despite the proliferation of large language models (LLMs), research on training LLMs for multimodal reasoning has remained relatively scarce. The progression of existing multimodal models has been propelled by using expansive image-text datasets in broader domains. Nevertheless, these models need refinement when comprehending and engaging in dialogue concerning Chinese forestry biological images. This paper proposes an efficient and adaptive multimodal large language model for forestry (MLLM-For) in pest and disease recognition. The central concept involves harnessing our meticulously constructed, expansive Chinese forestry biological image caption dataset. We utilize open-ended instruction-following data to master the intricacies of open-ended dialogue semantics, facilitating the comprehensive assimilation of knowledge within forestry biology. In particular, the Querying Transformer (Q-Former) module is a conduit linking pre-trained visual and language models. Using image-text pairs, the China Open Source Chat Language Model (ChatGLM) can now align vocabulary specific to forestry pests and diseases. By aligning image features with the pre-trained language model, we undertake concurrent Low-Rank Adaptive (LoRA) fine-tuning of the ChatGLM model. Furthermore, we engage in high-caliber instruction data fine-tuning to 1 tailor it to the proposed multimodal task. The proposed MLLM-For model show-cases impressive proficiency in comprehending and engaging in dialogue regarding Chinese forestry pests and disease images. It also displays exceptional capabilities in multimodal dialogue and is adept at adhering to open-ended directives for retrieving information about forestry pests and diseases. Empirical findings affirm the competitive performance of the MLLM-For model within the realm of Chinese multimodal dialogue, surpassing five leading multimodal large language models.
Investigation of genetic variants causing Bardet–Biedl syndrome in Iranian families: Identification of a founder mutation in BBS2, p.T157T
Authors: Feizabadi Masoumeh Heidari , Alerasool Masoome , Eslahi Atieh , Esmaeilzadeh Emran , Mehrjardi Mohammad Yahya Vahidi , Saket Mitra , Farokhi Shima , Fatahi Zohreh , Khorshid Hamid Reza Khorram , Mojarrad Majid
Published: October 2023

Background
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare inherited ciliopathy disorder characterized by a wide range of clinical symptoms affecting multiple body systems. All BBS genes are involved in cilia function as a part of the BBSome complex. Mutations of BBS genes are not completely understood, suggesting that more research is needed to develop a molecular diagnostic strategy for this syndrome.
Methods and Results
Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on eighteen patients. A comparative study based on Runs of homozygosity (ROH (calling was performed using the BCFtools/RoH software on WES data. The potential pathogenicity of the detected mutations and the effect on splicing was predicted by in-silico analysis. Copy Number Variation (CNV) analysis was performed from the read depth of WES data using the ExomeDepth pipeline in unsolved BBS patients. Eight variants including four novel mutations, and a synonymous splicing variant (c.G471A) in BBS2 were identified. By examining homozygous regions among these patients, the existence of common homozygous regions containing the identified mutation was proved in patients with Baloch ethnicity. In-silico analysis predicted the effect of the c.G471A mutations on BBS2 mRNA splicing, this mutation leads to broken wild-type donor site and intron retention in the mature mRNA. CNV analysis revealed a deletion of exons in the BBS1 gene.
Conclusion
Our results declared the founder mutation c.G471A in the BBS2 gene in the Baloch ethnicity of the Iranian population, which can determine the diagnostic approach of this syndrome in future studies.
Bayesian inversion of MDJ seismograms for source parameters of contained DPRK underground nuclear explosions
Authors: Ziolkowski Anton
Published: October 2023

Using seismograms recorded at Mudanjiang (MDJ) seismic station in China, I propose a new approach to obtain source parameters of the five Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) contained underground nuclear explosions. The contained events were located within about 1 km of each other at the DPRK Punggye-ri nuclear test site at Mount Mantap, a granite peak. The Green’s function from Punggye-ri to MDJ is assumed to be the same for each source. Each source is modelled as a spherical cavity in a homogeneous isotropic elastic full space, with four independent parameters constrained by published data on the properties of granite and analysis of the recorded MDJ seismograms. The effect of the ground surface is included as a planar reflection that modifies the pressure at the cavity boundary. The Green’s function for each event is estimated by deconvolving the seismogram for the estimated source time function. Very fast simulated annealing (VFSA) is used to search the parameter space to minimise the root-mean square difference among the estimated Green’s functions and their mean. The estimated Green’s functions are not identical, but are similar, and differ in amplitude by less than a factor of 4. The estimated source time functions may be used to obtain Green’s functions from Punggye-ri nuclear test site to other seismic stations by deconvolution of the corresponding seismograms. Mapping the nonlinear zones surrounding each explosion indicates that this part of the site was destroyed by the underground nuclear tests before its official destruction on 24 May 2018.
Evaluation of eGFR methods in a Sub-Saharan African community-based pediatric population
Authors: Alao Michael Abel , Ibrahim Olayinka Rasheed , Asinobi Adanze Onyenonachi , Ademola Debo Adebowale , Ekrikpo Udeme Ekpenyong , Olowu Wasiu A
Published: October 2023

Backgrounds
Accurate eGFR assessment is crucial for early CKD detection, management and optimal medication dosing, but its validation, especially for Cystatin C-based equations, are limited in African children and adolescents with CKD. This study evaluates eGFR equations utilising Cystatin C and creatinine in this population.
Methods:
This prospective community-based cohort study assessed CKD in children aged 1 to 18 using Cystatin C and serum creatinine. We evaluated eGFR performance with the Bland-Altman plot and ROC curve. Lin's concordance assessed agreement between various equations and the reference standard (Schwartz CKiD equations). Pairwise ROC curve comparisons determined statistical differences in estimation equation performance.
Results:
The mean age of 688 children and adolescents evaluated for CKD was 7.8 (± 3.9) years, with 341 (49.6%) being male. The Pottel equation had the lowest mean bias (-3.41, 95% CI: -2.57 to -4.25), highest discriminatory power (0.989), highest accuracy across all age groups, and highest CKD detection. Bouvet's formula had the highest mean bias [-48.66 (95% CI: -50.75 to -46.57)] across all age groups, but an average ROC discriminatory power of 0.889. Zappitelli had a lower ROC discriminatory value (0.547) but a modest bias (-20.22; 95% CI -22.21 to -18.23). Lin's concordance with Schwartz CKiD was highest with Pottel (0.99) and lowest with Bouvet (0.08). Zappetti and Chehade disagreed most, but Pottel and Chehade agreed closely on equation pairwise comparisons.
Conclusion:
In African children with CKD, Pottel's height-independent equation outperformed Chehade, Zappitelli, and Bouvet in terms of ROC discriminatory value, accuracy, and Schwartz CKiD concordance.
A Pilot Feasibility Evaluation of a Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback App to Improve Self-Care in COVID-19 Healthcare Workers
Authors: Mensinger Janell L. , Weissinger Guy M. , Cantrell Mary Ann , Baskin Rachel , George Cerena
Published: October 2023

COVID-19 exacerbated burnout and mental health concerns among the healthcare workforce. Due to high work stress, demanding schedules made attuned eating behaviors a particularly challenging aspect of self-care for healthcare workers. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness-based heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) mobile app for improving well-being among healthcare workers reporting elevated eating distress during COVID-19. We conducted a mixed methods pre-mid-post single-arm pilot feasibility trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04921228). Deductive content analysis of participants’ commentary generated qualitative themes. Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in pre- mid- to post-assessment scores on well-being outcomes. We consented 28 healthcare workers (89% female; 82% Non-Hispanic White; 79% nurses) to use and evaluate an HRVB mobile app. Of these, 89% fully enrolled by attending the app and device training; 82% were engaged in all elements of the protocol. Over half (52%) completed at least 10 minutes of HRVB on two-thirds or more study days. Most participants (75%) reported being likely or extremely likely to continue HRVB. Common barriers to engagement were busy schedules, fatigue, and technology difficulties. However, participants felt that HRVB helped them relax and connect better to their body’s signals and experiences. Results suggested preliminary efficacy for improving interoception, mindful self-care, body appreciation, intuitive eating, stress, resilience, and disordered eating. HRVB has potential as a low-cost adjunct tool for enhancing well-being in healthcare workers through positively connecting to the body, especially during times of increased stress when attuned eating behavior becomes difficult to uphold.
Contrasting packing modes for tubular assemblies in chlorosomes
Authors: Miloslavina Yuliya A. , Thomas Brijith , Reus Michael , Gupta Karthick Babu Sai Sankar , Oostergetel Gert T. , Andreas Loren B. , Holzwarth Alfred R. , de Groot Huub J.M.
Published: October 2023

The largest light-harvesting antenna in nature, the chlorosome, is a heterogeneous helical BChl self-assembly that has evolved in green bacteria to harvest light for performing photosynthesis in low-light environments. Guided by NMR chemical shifts and distance constraints for Chlorobaculum tepidum wild-type chlorosomes, the two contrasting packing modes for syn-anti parallel stacks of BChl c to form polar 2D arrays, with dipole moments adding up, are explored. Layered assemblies were optimized using local orbital density functional and plane wave pseudopotential methods. The packing mode with the lowest energy contains syn-anti and anti-syn H-bonding between stacks. It can accommodate R and S epimers, and side chain variability. For this packing, a match with the available EM data on the subunit axial repeat and optical data is obtained with multiple concentric cylinders for a rolling vector with the stacks running at an angle of 21° to the cylinder axis and with the BChl dipole moments running at an angle ~ 55° to the tube axis, in accordance with optical data. A packing mode involving alternating syn and anti parallel stacks that is at variance with EM appears higher in energy. A weak cross-peak at -6 ppm in the MAS NMR with 50 kHz spinning, assigned to C-181, matches the shift of antiparallel dimers, which possibly reflects a minor impurity-type fraction in the self-assembled BChl c.
Comparing the effectiveness of adulticide application interventions on mitigating local transmission of dengue virus
Authors: Kummer Allisandra G. , Wilke André B.B. , Ventura Paulo C. , Vasquez Chalmers , Medina Johana , Unlu Isik , Gonzalez Yaziri , Ejima Keisuke , Ajelli Marco
Published: October 2023

The southern US is vulnerable to importations of dengue. Understanding the effectiveness of mosquito control interventions to be employed in response to a dengue outbreak, such as adulticide spraying, are critical for mitigating the risks posed by the dengue virus (DENV). By leveraging a unique dataset of diel activity patterns of Ae. aegypti in Miami-Dade County, FL, and Brownsville, TX, we used a mechanistic model to simulate a local DENV outbreak and assess adulticide spraying interventions at varying times of day. We then performed a comparative analysis of DENV transmission dynamics produced by the model between scenarios that differ by the presence of interventions and the time of day that the interventions are implemented. We observed that spraying adulticide for 14 consecutive days at 7am or 8pm were highly effective in educing the outbreak potential (10% in the absence of interventions vs. 0.1% for Miami-Dade County; 7.8% vs. 0.1% for Brownsville) and the median number of symptomatic infections after outbreak identification (67.0 in the absence of interventions vs. 1.0 for Miami-Dade County; 15.0 vs. 1.0 for Brownsville). These findings show that adulticide application when Ae. aegypti is most active translates into a remarkable effect of in mitigating DENV transmission. Our modeling analysis provides valuable insights to inform vector control authorities on the effectiveness of adulticide spraying interventions in different contexts.
Machine Learning Advancements in SQL Injection Detection: NLP and Feature Engineering Strategies
Authors: Rattrout Amjad , Jaradat Majdi , Jayousi Rashid
Published: October 2023

This research proposes the DSQLIA model, which enhances the accuracy of machine learning (ML) algorithms in detecting SQL injection attacks. Traditional rule-based and signature-based methods face limitations in effectively identifying evolving attack techniques. To address this, DSQLIA employs feature engineering and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Relevant features capturing the unique characteristics of SQL injection attacks are identified and created through feature engineering. NLP techniques are applied to analyze the textual content of SQL queries and extract meaningful information for distinguishing between legitimate and malicious queries.The DSQLIA model evaluates different ML algorithms, including decision trees, support vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN), on a dataset. Various performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are used to assess algorithm effectiveness. Results show that the SVM algorithm achieves the highest accuracy of 0.994, followed by the decision tree with 0.975, and the ANN with 0.966. This highlights the improved performance of SVM in accurately classifying SQL queries.By combining feature engineering and NLP techniques, the DSQLIA model enhances ML accuracy in SQL injection detection, offering a valuable approach to mitigating the risks posed by these vulnerabilities in web applications.
A Nomogram Model for Early Predicting In-Hospital Mortality Risk in Patients with Large Hemispheric Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Ding Jian , Ma Xiaoming , Yue Chunxian , Huang Wendie , Xu Geman , Wang Yumei , Liu Meng , Sheng Shiying , Yuan Jie , Ren Yi
Published: October 2023

Background: Large Hemispheric Infarction (LHI) poses significant mortality and morbidity risks, necessitating predictive models for in-hospital mortality. Previous studies have explored LHI progression to malignant cerebral edema (MCE) but have not comprehensively addressed in-hospital mortality risk, especially in non-decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) patients.
Methods: Demographic, clinical, risk factor, and laboratory data were gathered. The population was randomly divided into Development and Validation Groups at a 3:1 ratio, with no statistically significant differences observed. Variable selection utilized the Bonferroni-corrected Boruta technique (p < 0.01). Logistic Regression retained essential variables, leading to the development of a nomogram. ROC and DCA curves were generated, and calibration was conducted based on the Validation Group.
Results: This study included 314 patients with acute anterior-circulating LHI, with 29.6% in the Death group (n = 93). Significant variables, including Glasgow Coma Score, Collateral Score, NLR, Ventilation, Non-MCA territorial involvement, and Midline Shift, were identified through the Boruta algorithm.
The final Logistic Regression model led to a nomogram creation, exhibiting excellent discriminative capacity. Calibration curves in the Validation Group showed a high degree of conformity with actual observations. DCA curve analysis indicated substantial clinical net benefit within the 5% to 85% threshold range.
Conclusions: We have utilized NIHSS score, Collateral Score, NLR, mechanical ventilation, non-MCA territorial involvement, and midline shift to develop a highly accurate, user-friendly nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality in LHI patients. This nomogram serves as valuable reference material for future studies on LHI patient prognosis and mortality prevention, while addressing previous research limitations.
Determination on the Thickness of Superficially Weathered Layer of Stone Cultural Relics
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Luo Hongjie , Yu Haidong , Xiong Can , Dai Hui , Huang Xiao
Published: October 2023

Weathering is commonly observed in stone cultural relics around the world. Superficial weathering in forms of granular disaggregation, powdering and flaking on the stone surface is one of the most serious damages to the stone relics, since the surface carries most of artistic, historical information. Apparently, the determination on the thickness of superficially weathered layer of stone cultural relics is critical to their conservation. However, the methodology for quantitative analyses of the thickness of superficial weathered layer on stone relics remains very limited. In this study, we carefully study the moisture absorption and pore structure evolution of stone relics with respect to its weathering. We find out that the thickness of superficial weathered layer can be derived from the moisture absorption or pore structure information. Data acquired from these methods are consistent with each other and in well agreement with the results obtained by currently using techniques such as drilling resistance measurement etc.
Mendelian Randomization Study of the Causal Relationships between Food and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Authors: Yu Du , Jiang Huiyu , Liu Qing , Wu Wenxi , Wang Yu
Published: October 2023

Background
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive disorder that affects the quality of life of millions of people. Although many lifestyle factors, such as diet, are thought to be associated with GERD, the causal relationships are unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method that uses genetic variation to infer causality. We aimed to evaluate the causal relationships between food and GERD using MR.
Method
We included 17 food variables, including Alcohol intake frequency, Beef, Bread, Cereal, Cheese, Coffee, Cooked vegetable, Dried fruit, Fresh fruit, Lamb/mutton, Non-oily fish, Oily fish, Pork, Poultry, Processed meat, Salad / raw vegetable, and Tea in our analysis. We performed sensitivity tests, heterogeneity tests, and pleiotropic tests to ensure the validity of our results.
Result
Our results showed that Alcohol intake frequency, Bread, Cereal, Cheese, Dried fruit, Poultry and GERD were causally related through two-sample MR and multi-variate MR analysis.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that modifying certain dietary factors may help reduce the risk of GERD.
Unveiling the Presence of Limestone, Chert and Fossil Leaves in Disang Group Exposed in the North- easternmost Part of Assam-Arakan Basin, India: An Integrated Study on Lithology, Petrography, and Clay Mineralogy
Authors: Kachari Dimple Moni , Taye Chaitra Dhar , Chutia Ananya
Published: October 2023

Disang Group of the north-easternmost part of Assam-Arakan Basin is predominantly made up of shales with sandstone and siltstone. The current study attempts to investigate its provenance, tectonic setting, paleoclimate, and diagenetic history using integrated approach of field investigation, petrography, and clay mineralogy. It has revealed for the first time that the Disang Group of the present study area also comprises fossil leaves, limestone, and chert in addition to the already reported shales, sandstone, and siltstone. Petrographic analysis of sandstones has shown that they are fine to medium-grained, poorly to moderately sorted, with sub-angular to sub-rounded grains, and are classified as quartz arenite, quartz wacke, arkosic wacke, and lithic greywacke. The studied rocks were derived mostly from plutonic as well as metamorphic source rocks in a variable climatic condition from arid to tropical humid, and the source areas were of low to moderate relief. Tectonic discrimination diagrams have suggested craton interior and recycled orogen provenance. The occurrence of clay minerals like chlorite, illite, and smectite-montmorillonite has implied weathering in a cold, arid climate. The diagenetic processes involved were of early to late stages. The presence of chert beds indicates deep marine and that of carbonates indicate shallow marine environment, whereas the fossil leaves are indicative of their deposition in a much shallower part of the basin. Thus, there must have been a change in environment from deep marine to shallow marine during the deposition of the Disang Group under study.
Network Analysis of Social Support and Anxiety Dimensions Among College Students
Authors: Feng Tingwei , Ren Lei , Li Danyang , Wu Lin , Mi Mingdi , Wang Yifei , Wang Buyao , Wang Hui , Liu Xufeng
Published: October 2023

Background
Previous research has suggested that transitioning from the level of impairment to the level of symptoms may provide a more nuanced understanding in psychopathology. This study aims to explore the relationships between the three dimensions of perceived social support (i.e., family support, friend support, and other support) and individual symptoms of anxiety among college students.
Methods
We conducted a network analysis of anxiety symptoms and perceived social support in a sample of 4105 college students. Two networks were constructed in this study, namely the Perceived Social Support-Anxiety network. Bridge centrality indices were calculated for variables within both networks.
Results
In this sample, perceived social support showed a significant association with anxiety symptoms. Bridge centrality analysis revealed that, in both networks, family support had negative bridge expected influence values, while friend support and other support had positive bridge expected influence values.
Conclusions
The results unveil specific roles of perceived social support in relation to anxiety at the symptom level.