bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre los funcionarios de la Unión Europea y su régimen de seguridad social: los tributos como cotizaciones sociales a efectos del TJUE = Issues about officials of the European Union and its social security regime: taxes as social contributions to the effects of the CJEU
Authors: Guerrero Padrón Thais
Published: October 2017

Resumen: La obligatoria integración y cotización de los funcionarios de la UE en un régimen de seguridad social propio, netamente comunitario, al margen de la competencia estatal y no afectado por el Reglamento de coordinación en seguridad social, les libera de sufragar las prestaciones de seguridad social de su país. El TJUE rechaza que un Estado miembro pueda imponer al funcionario de la UE, con domicilio fiscal en este país, la obligación de pagar ciertos impuestos que gravan sus rentas inmobiliarias, cuando van destinados a financiar determinadas prestaciones de la seguridad social nacional, de lo que se deduce que para el TJUE todo recurso que contribuye a la seguridad social, sea cual sea su naturaleza jurídica, es considerado en sentido amplio “cotización de seguridad social”.Palabras clave: Libre circulación de trabajadores, seguridad social, funcionarios de la Unión Europea, tributos, cotización.Abstract: The officials of the European Union are compulsorily affiliated and subject to the contributions of the social security scheme of the EU institutions. Such scheme lies outside the jurisdiction of the Member States and it is unaffected by the Regulation on the coordination of social security systems. In consequence, the officials of the European Union are exempted from defraying the national social security benefits. In this way, the imposition from a Member State to the official, whose domicile for tax purposes is in that country, to pay some contributions and social levies in respect of income from real estate, is rejected by the CJEU when they are allocated for the funding of the social security scheme of that same Member State. It follows that every source used to pay social security is broadly considered by the Court of Justice as a “social security contribution”, in spite of its legal nature.Keywords: Free movement of workers, social security, officials of the European Union, taxes, social security contribution.
Las dificultades prácticas de la determinación del tribunal competente en el proceso monitorio europeo = Practical difficulties in determining the competent court of the European order for payment procedure
Authors: Blanco García Ana Isabel
Published: October 2017

Resumen: La STJUE de 10 de marzo de 2016, Flight Refund Ltd. vs. Deutsche Lufthansa AG, versa sobre el procedimiento a seguir cuando se ha formulado oposición contra un requerimiento europeo de pago expedido por un órgano o autoridad de un Estado miembro, en este caso, Hungría, cuyos tribunales no son competentes para conocer de la reclamación formulada en el requerimiento, siendo que el Reglamento (CE) nº 1896/2006 no establece criterio de competencia para tales supuestos. En esta sentencia, el Tribunal de Justicia trata de determinar, de forma algo confusa, las facultades del tribunal encargado de designar el órgano jurisdiccional competente para conocer del proceso contencioso derivado de la oposición al requerimiento de pago.Palabras clave: Proceso monitorio europeo, Reglamento (CE) nº 1896/2006, oposición del demandado al requerimiento europeo de pago, competencia internacional.Abstract: CJEU´s decision on the 10th of March 2016, Case Flight Refund Ltd. vs. Deutsche Lufthansa AG analyses the contentious proceeding after the presentation of the statement of opposition to an European order for payment issued by an organ or authority without international jurisdiction (in this case, the Hungarian Courts), taking into consideration that the Regulation (EC) nº 1896/2006 does not establish the general ground of jurisdiction. The CJEU´s decision deals, in a confusing manner, with the power of the competent Court to issue the contentious proceedings arising from the defendant´s opposition to the European order for payment.Keywords: European order for payment procedure, Regulation (EC) nº 1896/2006, defendant´s opposition to the European order for payment, international judicial competence
AVALIAÇÃO DOS PROCESSOS EROSIVOS NO PLANALTO OCIDENTAL PAULISTA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM BUSCA DAS INTERAÇÕES ESPACIAIS
Authors: Zanatta Felipe Augusto Scudeller , Lupinacci Cenira Maria , Boin Marcos Norberto
Published: October 2017

A preocupação com a erosão do solo, sobretudo em áreas rurais, vem aumentando em diversos países. Encontra-se a temática em pesquisas divulgadas em periódicos nacionais e internacionais, os quais indicam a influência significativa da ação humana na escala temporal dos fenômenos denudativos. Considerando o tema, o objetivo deste artigo é avaliar essa problemática na bacia do ribeirão Areia Dourada, localizada no município de Marabá Paulista (SP). Por meio do uso de dados advindos de diversos mapeamentos, informações sobre a região foram quantificadas e sistematizadas na forma de gráfico em rede. Assim, buscou-se avaliar a influência dos fatores físicos e da ação humana no desencadeamento e desenvolvimento das formas erosivas, considerando a área de estudo como um exemplo representativo da problemática erosiva no Oeste Paulista. O esquema de gráfico possibilitou aferir um grande volume de informações em um mesmo modelo, de modo a destacar que o uso da terra, sobretudo a pecuária, impacta de forma significativa no desencadeamento dos processos denudativos, indicando o caráter catalisador da ação humana, que generaliza a ação morfodinâmica. Contudo, os dados também demonstram que as formas erosivas só atingem nível de voçorocamento onde as características físicas sugerem maior predisposição a tais processos, como as concavidades das vertentes. Assim, considera-se que o uso do gráfico em rede possibilitou a avaliação das combinações entre as classes temáticas em que o processo erosivo se desenvolve com maior intensidade, bem como a influência da ação humana. Constatou-se que os fenômenos erosivos, muitas vezes, ocorrem em setores cujas características físicas não indicam potencialidade ao seu desenvolvimento, como o surgimento de feições erosivas lineares em setores de topo com energia do relevo fraca. Fatos como este se devem à ação do uso da terra, principalmente, no caso estudado, das pastagens.
CALCULATING BEDLOAD TRANSPORT IN RIVERS: CONCEPTS, CALCULUS ROUTINES AND APPLICATION
Authors: Macedo Hudson de Azevedo , Stevaux José Cândido , Assine Mario Luis , Silva Aguinaldo , Pupim Fabiano do Nascimento , Merino Eder Renato , Lo Edward
Published: October 2017

Rivers are immensely important to human activities such as water supply, navigation, energy generation, and agriculture. They are also an important morphodynamic agent of erosion, transport and deposition. Their capacity to transport sediment depends on their hydraulic characteristics and can be predicted by mathematical models. Several mathematical models can be used to compute bed-load transport. Each one is appropriately better for certain conditions. In this paper, we present an application built in Microsoft Excel to compute the bed-load transport in rivers based on the Van Rijn mathematical model. The Van Rijn model is appropriate for rivers transporting sandy sediments in conditions of subcritical flow. Hydraulic parameters such as channel slope, stream power, and Reynolds and Froude numbers can be calculated using the application proposed here. The application was tested in the Paraná River and results from the calculations are consistent with data obtained from fieldwork surveys. The error of the application was only 20%, which shows good agreement of the model with survey values.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO SEMIAUTOMÁTICA DE CICATRIZES DE MOVIMENTOS DE MASSA POR MEIO DE TÉCNICAS DE DETECÇÃO DE MUDANÇAS
Authors: Gerente Jéssica , Pletsch Mikhaela Aloísia Jéssie Santos , Sothe Camile , Francisco Cristiane Nunes
Published: October 2017

Movimentos de massa são fenômenos naturais que muitas vezes causam perdas e danos à sociedade. Inventários de cicatrizes podem auxiliar no entendimento da suscetibilidade de um local frente a esses processos. Nessa vertente, o uso de ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto para detecção e mapeamento de cicatrizes de movimentos de massa pode ser vantajoso, principalmente em escalas regionais e em áreas de difícil acesso. No entanto, mapeamentos semiautomáticos ainda se mostram incipientes no âmbito nacional. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar múltiplas técnicas de detecção de mudanças para o mapeamento semiautomático de cicatrizes de movimentos de massa. Como estudo de caso, foram analisados os movimentos deflagrados em janeiro de 2011 em uma porção do município de Nova Friburgo (RJ). Para isso, foram geradas imagens de detecção de mudanças por meio das técnicas PCA, ICA, MNF, SA, OSAVI e subtração de bandas espectrais. Os produtos que melhor destacaram os movimentos de massa foram selecionadas como dados de entrada para a classificação por meio do algoritmo Random Forest. A diferença entre o índice de vegetação OSAVI pré e pós-evento foi considerada a técnica de maior importância para o classificador. Já na análise visual, verificou-se que a 3ª e 4ª componentes ICA, MNF e PCA também destacaram bem as cicatrizes. O desempenho da classificação foi considerado satisfatório, uma vez que detectou mais de 80% das cicatrizes de movimento de massa na área de estudo. Esse trabalho permitiu verificar que o uso de métodos semiautomatizados pode ser uma abordagem em potencial para a detecção de cicatrizes de movimento de massa, sobretudo aplicada a mapeamentos preliminares e emergenciais.
FORMAÇÃO DE ESCARPAS DE TEMPESTADE E SEU RECONHECIMENTO NO REGISTRO GEOLÓGICO: PLANÍCIE COSTEIRA DE MARICÁ (RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL)
Authors: Silva Maria Augusta Martins da , Silva André Luiz Carvalho da , Silvestre Carolina Pereira
Published: October 2017

As escarpas de tempestade são feições marcantes em uma praia. Elas apresentam morfologias diagnósticas de seu modo de formação e, devido à possibilidade de preservação, podem ser utilizadas em estudos visando à reconstituição paleoambiental. Essas feições costeiras se formam quando ondas mais altas e de maior energia promovem o corte das camadas de sedimentos que formam as bermas causando o recuo das mesmas. O resultado é: (1) a formação de uma escarpa, cuja altura depende da altura das ondas; (2) o truncamento das camadas plano-paralelas horizontais a sub-horizontais das bermas; (3) a criação de uma superfície planar ou côncava inclinada para o mar na frente da escarpa. Nas últimas décadas, estudos sobre a estratigrafia e as sequências sedimentares quaternárias de áreas costeiras vêm utilizando cada vez mais o ground penetrating radar (GPR), no Brasil e no mundo. Em alguns casos, as imagens de GPR revelam refletores que correspondem a antigas superfícies relativas às escarpas de tempestade, facilmente correlacionadas com as observadas no ambiente moderno. Na região de Maricá (Rio de Janeiro), trabalhos realizados para caracterizar a planície costeira atual, bem como, aqueles conduzidos para desvendar o Quaternário dessa área, mostraram o papel importante das escarpas de tempestade e das superfícies de truncamento associadas como indicadores de antigas praias nas sequências sedimentares mapeadas. Assim, foi possível visualizar as antigas posições das praias formadas durante períodos de nível do mar mais altos que o atual e a subsequente progradação da linha de costa através do reconhecimento de uma sequência de paleoescarpas de tempestade migrando através da planície costeira até alcançar posições próximas à escarpa de tempestade atual.
TERRENOS E PROCESSOS TECNOGÊNICOS NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL CABUÇU-TANQUE GRANDE, GUARULHOS (SP): ANÁLISE, MAPEAMENTO E QUANTIFICAÇÃO
Authors: Santos Eliana Queiroz de Godoi , Ferreira Anderson Targino , Peloggia Alex Ubiratan Goossens , Saad Antonio Roberto , Oliveira Antonio Manoel dos Santos , Santos Marcelo Soares Teles
Published: October 2017

O presente estudo permitiu mapear e analisar os terrenos e os processos geológicos e geomorfológicos tecnogênicos (antropogênicos) que têm recentemente transformado de forma significativa a Área de Proteção Ambiental Cabuçu - Tanque Grande (APA-CTG), localizada no município de Guarulhos (SP). A metodologia empregada consistiu na análise e cartografia da diversidade de terrenos tecnogênicos e do relevo associado, bem como da aplicação da Equação Universal da Perda de Solos (EUPS) de forma adequada à particularidade da nova configuração da paisagem gerada pela ação humana. Foram caracterizados terrenos tecnogênicos mistos, modificados, de degradação e agradativos, que juntos ocupam 697 ha e apresentaram um potencial de perda de solo com cerca de 8.610,3 ton ha-1ano-1, principalmente nas áreas de escavações para terraplanagem das obras do Rodoanel Metropolitano Trecho Norte e nas cavas de mineração. Sobrevoos de helicóptero e trabalhos de campo evidenciaram feições tecnogênicas de degradação (escavação e terraplanagem), bem como a formação de relevos tecnogênicos (terraços e planícies aluvionares tecnogênicos) decorrentes da deposição de materiais de fácies gárbica, espólica e úrbica em fundos de vales.
Standardized Note Templates Improve Electronic Medical Record Documentation of Neurovascular Examinations for Pediatric Supracondylar Humeral Fractures
Authors: Cao Jue , Farmer Ryan , Carry Patrick M. , Goodfellow Maria , Gerhardt David C. , Scott Frank , Heare Travis , Miller Nancy H.
Published: October 2017

Update

This article was updated on May 11, 2018, because of a previous error. In the Appendix, the figure that had been missing is now present.

An erratum has been published: JBJS Open Access. 2018 June 7;3(2):e0027ER.

Background:

Optimization of the electronic medical record (EMR) is essential to support the clinician and to improve the quality and efficiency of patient care. The present report describes the development and implementation of a standardized template that is embedded in the EMR and is focused on a comprehensive physical examination during the evaluation of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures. We compared the completeness of physical examinations as well as the timing of detection and documentation of neurovascular injuries before and after implementation of the template. We hypothesized that the use of a template would increase the completeness of examinations and would lead to earlier documentation of neurovascular injuries.

Methods:

A multidisciplinary quality-improvement task force was created to address neurovascular documentation practices for patients who underwent operative treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures. Following a series of formative and process evaluations, a standardized EMR template was implemented. Neurovascular examination documentation practices that were in use before (pre-template group, n = 224) and after (template group, n = 300) the implementation of the template were compared. Logistic regression analyses of the 2 groups were used to compare the likelihood of a complete neurovascular examination and the timing of neurovascular injury identification.

Results:

There was significant improvement in the documentation of the vascular (odds ratio [OR], 70.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 39.5 to 126.6; p < 0.0001), motor (OR, 17.6; 95% CI, 9.5 to 32.7; p < 0.0001), and sensory (OR, 23.9; 95% CI, 12.9 to 44.4; p < 0.0001) examinations in the template group. Neurological injuries were more likely to be identified preoperatively in the template group compared with the pre-template group (OR, 6.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 27.1; p = 0.0067).

Conclusions:

The incorporation of a standardized template in the EMR improved the completeness and timing of documentation of neurological injury. Standardized EMR templates developed by a clinically driven multidisciplinary task force have the potential to improve the quality of clinical documentation and to ease communication among providers.

Level of Evidence:

Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction and Rutin production of Ricinus communis L. plant
Authors: Salih Ghussun S.
Published: October 2017

Ricinus communis L. is an important medical plant hence it contains many active compounds. The aim of this research is to study the effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction and Rutin concentration. A combination of Benzyle adenine (BA) and Indol Acetic acid (IAA) at (0.0,1.0,2.0) mg/L was added to the media, the highest fresh weight of the induced callus from stem explant was (4.97) gr . at (1.0,1.0) mg/L BA and IAA consenquently the same combination gave the highest dry weight of callus (0.42) gr. while the combination at (2.0,1.0) mg/L BA and IAA gave the highest fresh weight of induced callus from Leaves explant (5.28) gr., then (2.0,1.0) mg/L BA and IAA gave the highest dry weight for callus induced from leaves at (0.55)gr.Spectrophotometer used to estimate rutin quantity and results showed that the present of rutin at (126.31) ppm in callus induced from stem at (2.0,2.0) mg/L BA and IAA, the highest value of this compound (121.05) ppm on callus induction from the leaves in the same combination as compared with Rutin quantity in intact plant that reached (94.73) ppm in leaves and (68.42) ppm in stem.
Study of epidermis characters and venation of certain species of Medicago L. in Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family in Iraq
Authors: Al-Tememmi Noor J.J. , Shammary Khalil A.A. Al-
Published: October 2017

The anatomical study of the epidermis leaflet for seven species and variety wild belonging to the genus Medicago L. species are: M. constricta Dur., M. coronata L., M. intertexta L., M. intertexta.var. ciliaris L., M. laciniata L., M. lupulina L., M. minima L. and M. sativa L. were studied, The search included epidermis characters and stomatal complexes addition to venation system in leaflets. It is revealed through the study, epidermis leaflet type Amphistomatic (the stomata spread on the upper and lower surface) as well as the presence of three types of stomatal complexes namely: Anisocytic (the guard cells surrounded by three unequal cell size), Anomocytic (not differential from subsidiary cells in epidermis) and Anomotetracytic (four cells surrounding the guard cell is irregular and varied). The results showed variations in dimensions and forms stomata and nature vertical walls and tangent to the upper and lower surfaces. The venation system distinguish by all the species studied as one of the type Simple craspedodromous in this system all secondary veins and branching ends at the margin of the blade leaflets, this found in all species. But there are clear differences in the Areoles shape and type of vienlets and at the ends, where these characters taxonomic and diagnostic value of the task in the species under study.
Evaluation of bioactivity against some pathogenic bacteria and oxidation for fungal secondary metabolites of Fusarium solani isolated from soil
Authors: Hateet Rashid Rahim
Published: October 2017

The study included isolate and diagnose fungus Fusarium solani of the local soil and purified and development in the PDB medium and the filtrate extracted using a solvent (Ethyl acetate) to obtain the fungal secondary metabolites extract. This extract has shown bioactivity against both reference isolates (E.coli (ATCC25922) and S.aureus(NCTC6571)) and pathogenic isolates S.pyogenes, K. pneumonia and S.typhimurium using agar disk diffusion technique , The diameters of the inhibition zones of fungal secondary metabolites24.0 mm against E.coli and 31.5 mm against S.aureus,and 34.0 mm against K.pneumoniae and 18.0 mm against S.pyogenes and 33.5mm against S.typhimurium. The test revealed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal extract less inhibitor concentration towards our isolation S.aureus was 6.25 µg/ ml also less deadly concentration (MBC).Also against isolate S.aureus was 12.5µg/ ml. also fungal extract showed no toxicity toward human red blood cells. Tested the antioxidant of the fungal extract by measuring its ability to be reduced iron duo ions (Fe ?) have shown high rates of inhibition. The metabolic product of soil fungi can be an alternative source of commercial anti-bacterial.
Infrared, Mid infrared and UV-Visible spectra study Cobalt chloride CoCl2. 6H2O molecule
Authors: Abed Khalid Hassan
Published: October 2017

IR, MIR, UV – Visible spectra have been studied for Cobalt chloride molecule (CoCl2. 6H2O) compound, In wide range spectra (40000 – 410) cm-1 specially MIR range.
Assignment were achieved for the fundamental vibrational bands of (CoCl2 . 6H2O ) to symmetry stretching ?1 (?^+) Anti – symmetry stretching ?3(?^+), these bands are non-degenerate , and the bending band is ?2(?) is doubly degenerate thought they have activity in IR and Raman , which explain the weakness in symmetry of this molecule, the fundamental bands for the molecule are centered at the following wave numbers
(615, 685, 795, 1115, 1340, 1375, 1616.35, 2091, 2386, 2410, 3364) cm-1 which are corresponding to wave lengths
(16260, 14598, 12578, 8968, 7462, 7272, 6186, 4782, 4191, 4149, 2972 ) nm
The UV and visible spectra of the shows bands centered at (205.7) nm , (48614) cm-1 due to the electronic transition ( n ?^*) , other band centered at (512) nm, (19531) cm-1 due to (n ?^*) electronic transition .
In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles on Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite
Authors: Ahmed Zahra’a A. , Mustafa Thikra A. , Ardalan Naksheen M. , Idan Ekhlas M.
Published: October 2017

The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is a causative agent of amoebiasis, where it causes millions of cases of dysentery and liver abscess each year. Metronidazole is a drug of choice against amoebiasis. The drug is a choice because of its efficacy and low cost, but at the same time it causes several adverse side effects; therefore, it is important to find effective medications to treat amoebiasis without any complications or any side effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different concentrations (50, 75 and 100 µg/ml) of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) against trophozoites stages of E. histolytica in vitro. The results showed a significant decrease (p ? 0.05) in numbers of trophozoites stages after treated with AgNPs and metronidazole when it was compared with the control. Likewise, a significant difference (p ? 0.05) was also observed between AgNPs groups and metronidazole drug, while it did not significantly differ between different concentrations of AgNPs. The mortality rate values of the E. histolytica trophozoites after 48h incubation with AgNPs at a concentration of 50, 75 and 100 ?g/ml, and metronidazole were 37.2%, 42.4%, 46.7% and 100%, respectively. The microscopic studies confirmed that AgNPs were effective enough to induce apoptosis. Based on our results, the anti-parasitic activity of AgNPs at different concentrations will reduce the mean number of E. histolytica trophozoites.
Toxicity Reduction of Reactive Red Dye-238 Using Advanced Oxidation Process by Solar Energy
Authors: Al-Anbari Riyad , Al-Obaidy Abdul Hamed , Abd Eman
Published: October 2017

Decolorization of red azo dye (Cibacron Red FN-R) from synthetic wastewater has been investigated as a function of solar advanced oxidation process. The photocatalytic activity using ZnO as a photocatalysis has been estimated. Different parameters affected the removal efficiency, including pH of the solution, initial dye concentration and H2O2 concentration were evaluated to find out the optimum value of these parameters. The results proved that the optimal pH value was 8 and the most efficient H2O2 concentration was 100mg/L. Toxicity reduction percent for effluent solution was also monitored to assess the degradation process. This treatment method was able to strongly reduce the color and toxicity of reactive red dye-238 to about (99 and 80) % respectively. It can be concluded, from these experiments, that the using of ZnO as a photocatalysis was exhibited as economical and efficient treatment method to remove reactive red dye-238 from aqueous solution.
Sol- Gel Synthesis of Hematite Nanoparticles and Photo Degradation of Cibacron Red FN-R Dye
Authors: Farhan Ahlam M. , Abdullah Hussein I. , Ali Asmaa J.
Published: October 2017

This paper describes the synthesis of ?- Fe2O3 nanoparticles by sol-gel route using carboxylic acid(2-hydroxy benzoic acid) as gelatin media and its photo activity for degradation of cibacron red dye . Hematite samples are synthesized at different temperatures: 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 ?C at 700 ?C the ?-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are formed with particle size 71.93 nm. The nanoparticles are characterized by XRD , SEM, AFM and FTIR . The 0.046 g /l of the catalyst sample shows high photo activity at 3x10-5M dye concentration in acidic medium at pH 3.
Preparation and Characterization of Cu (II), Mn(II) and Zn(II)complexes with new sulfamethoxazole Compounds
Authors: Jaber Zahraa A.
Published: October 2017

Acetophenone sulfamethoxazole and 3-Nitrobenzophenone sulfamethoxazole were prepared from the reaction of sulfamethoxazole with two ketones. The prepared ligands were identified by (C.H.N) analysis and UV-VIS, FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. Metal complexes of the two ligands were prepared in an aqueous alcohol with Zn (II), Mn (II) and Cu (II) ions with a molar ratio1:1. The proposed general formula for the resulting complexes was [ML.CL2.H2O]H2O .The complexes were characterized by (C.H.N) technique , spectroscopic methods ,conductivity, atomic absorption ,magnetic susceptibility measurements and melting point. According to the results obtained, the suggested geometry is to be octahedral for all the complexes.
Effect of Pod Removal, Foliar Fungicides, and Cultivar on Green Stem Disorder of Soybean
Authors: Phillips Xavier A. , Singh Asheesh K. , Kandel Yuba R. , Mueller Daren S.
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Removing 25 to 75% of pods increases green stem disorder.

Some QoI fungicides combined with pod removal further increases green stem disorder.

Cultivars differ in response to changes in source‐sink balance.

Green stem disorder (GSD) is a type of delayed maturity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] when stems remain green and fleshy after pods reach physiological maturity and are ready to harvest. Although GSD has not been shown to directly impact yield, the immature green stems may lead to harvest issues. The objectives were to determine how GSD is affected by (i) cultivars and levels of pod removal, (ii) foliar fungicide applications, and (iii) a combination of pod removal and foliar fungicides. A source‐sink imbalance caused by abiotic and biotic sources (e.g., drought or pathogen infection) may be a contributing factor to the development of GSD. To simulate a sink‐limiting stress and induce GSD, pods were removed from soybean plants, at magnitudes typically not seen in normal field conditions. Experiments were completed during 2014 and 2015 in Iowa. Higher levels of GSD were observed in 2015 across most locations. Cultivars varied in their response to pod removal within specific levels. Combining pod removal and fungicide application indicated that certain quinone outside inhibitors (QoI)‐containing fungicides may result in more GSD with and without pod removal under specific conditions. However, this result was inconsistent, especially with no soybean pods removed. Soybean farmers should be aware that prophylactic applications of foliar fungicides might increase GSD incidence, especially in cases that plants experience a sink‐limiting stress.
Análisis de una implementación RFID dentro de la industria farmacéutica
Authors: Leguizamón Páez Miguel Ángel , Martínez Pinzón Javier , Misnaza Morales Julian Andres
Published: October 2017

¿Cuál o cuáles serían los mecanismos para apoyar a la industria farmacéutica en cuanto a la mejora de sus procesos con herramientas tecnológicas para combatir los medicamentos espurios? Ante este planteamiento se enfrentan las sociedades a nivel mundial, quienes ven con preocupación cómo el mercado de medicamentos falsificados aumenta en una proporción similar a las muertes por su consumo. Este escenario plantea grandes retos para los gobiernos quienes deberán tomar decisiones que intenten detener la fabricación, expendio y consumo de medicamentos espurios, de etiquetado engañoso o de imitación. Existen numerosos riesgos dentro la industria farmacéutica, tales como las imitaciones, procesos incorrectos de fabricación y condiciones no apropiadas de transporte y almacenamiento, que ocasionan riesgos a los diferentes actores como los fabricantes, distribuidores y clientes, de tal manera que pueden llegar a tener pérdidas económicas o afectaciones en la salud. Así, en este documento se pretende mostrar cómo algunas implementaciones que utilizan tecnologías con radiofrecuencia en la industria farmacéutica, ayudan a mitigar la posibilidad de riesgo en las diferentes etapas a lo largo de la cadena de producción y suministro de medicamentos, buscando mejorar la calidad en los procesos y la seguridad en los fármacos.
The representation of history in the era of digital media
Authors: Gmyzina Elvira Viktorovna
Published: October 2017

The article deals with the problems associated with the representation of historical knowledge in the digital era, the role of new media in documenting the events and the peculiarities of perception of historical knowledge by a mass audience.
Effect of Processing and Frozen Storage on the Phenolic Profile, Bioative Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity, and Enzymatic Activity of Mangaba Pulp
Authors: Gonçalves Gilma A.S. , Resende Nathane S. , Carvalho Elisângela E.N. , de Resende Jaime V. , de B Vilas Boas Eduardo V.
Published: October 2017

Backgound: The mangaba, an exotic fruit of the Brazilian Cerrado, has high nutritional and
bioactive value, but processing can induce changes to these characteristics.

Objective: Evaluate the stability of the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant and enzymatic capacity
of mangaba pulp subjected to pasteurization, freezing methods, and prolonged storage.

Method: The pulps were submitted to two levels of pasteurization (unpasteurized and pasteurized),
two freezing methods (static air and forced air), and five frozen storage times (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12
months). The vitamin C, carotenoids, total phenolics, profile of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity,
and enzymes polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase were analyzed in the fruit and pulps.

Results: The fruit showed a high vitamin C and total phenolics content and a high antioxidant capacity,
including chlorogenic acid and routine predominant phenolics. The forced air freezing method is
more efficient in vitamin C retention, and pasteurization favors higher retention of total phenolics and
antioxidant capacity, as well as lower enzymatic activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase. Frozen
storage for up to six months retains most of the individual phenolics, with (+) - catechin and transcinnamic
acid being the most stable.

Conclusion: Mangaba pulp is a good source of bioactive compounds and has good antioxidant capacity,
even after one year of frozen storage.
Effect of Preparation and Freezing Methods on the Concentration of Resistant Starch, Antinutritional Factors and FODMAPs in Beans
Authors: Ávila Bianca P. , Bragança Guilherme C.M. , Pereira Aline , Gularte Márcia A. , Elias Moacir C.
Published: October 2017

Background:

During frozen storage, the properties of vegetables are greatly influenced by
storage conditions, especially temperature and time, even at low temperatures, suffering important
quality attributes modification as a result of the action of biochemical activity, chemical and physical
phenomena. The effect of freezing on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cowpea bean (Vigna
unguiculata L. Walp.) processed under domestic processing conditions was evaluated to investigate
the contents of resistant starch, oligosaccharides (raffinose and stachyose), phytate levels, protein digestibility
and the inhibitory trypsin activity.

Methods:

The beans were cooked after different pre-soaking treatments and frozen (-20°C) for one,
two and three weeks respectively.

Results:

A reduction was observed in the content of resistant starch by the use of the pre-soaking
treatments; however, it increased significantly after freezing the samples from the treatments in which
the soaking water was maintained and in which the cooked beans were frozen for 7 days. In the case
of oligosaccharide content (raffinose and stachyose), cowpea beans had higher levels than the common
beans, with changes in their values after 7 days of freezing. In the treatments in which the soaking
water was discarded before cooking, raffinose and stachyose showed variable levels. In cowpea,
the treatment in which the soaking water was not used in cooking showed a reduction in the content of
phytate at 14 days of freezing, with inhibition of trypsin at 21 days compared with the initial time. Digestibility
in all treatments was improved after freezing.

Conclusion:

The increase in resistant starch content, removal of phytate and trypsin inhibitors, and
bean flatulence factors were significant in cooked beans after freezing between 14 and 21 days.
Contribution of Bamboo for Vibratory Comfort in Biomechanics of Cycling
Authors: Chiementin Xavier , Crequy Samuel , Feron Robin , Munera Marcela , Abdi Ellie , Provot Thomas , Taiar Redha
Published: October 2017

Background:

Vibrations in cycling produced by road irregularities could cause health problems and affect the cyclist’s comfort and performance. Therefore researchers and manufacturers focus their efforts to reduce the vibrations.

Objective:

The agro materials appear to consume important properties which help in reducing the values of vibrations. This study offers a perspective on the agro materials’ contribution in the bicycle design.

Methods:

Three bicycle frames were compared in two situations: (i) real locomotion conditions at three speeds 15, 25, and 35 km/h on slightly grainy road with paved sector and bumps, and (ii) laboratory conditions on a vibrating platform with frequencies ranging between 20 and 80 Hz. The used frames’ materials were carbon, aluminum and agro materials (bamboo and flax).

The first protocol measured the effective values in four points of the bicycle (fork, stay, stem, and saddle) in real locomotion condition. The transmissibility was calculated between the input points of vibration and the output points in contact with the rider. The second protocol defined dynamic behavior of the three frames on a vibrating platform at the range of 20-80 Hz.

Results:

It was noted that the Root Mean Square values (RMS) were significantly higher with the agro materials in 44.4% of the cases and the values were significantly lower in 1 case (Road with 15km/h). The agro materials absorbed a significant part of vibrations in comparison to other materials (19.1%, 14.7%, and 17.2% for agro materials, aluminum, and carbon, respectively).

Conclusion:

Vibration comfort for cyclists is related to the choice of the frame. The contribution of relevant biomaterials can be relevant. Indeed, agro materials have remarkable properties for the absorption of vibrations.
Validation of the EuroSCORE II in a Greek Cardiac Surgical Population: A Prospective Study
Authors: Stavridis G. , Panaretos D. , Kadda O. , Panagiotakos D. B.
Published: October 2017

Objective:

The objective of this study was to examine the validity of EuroSCORE II in the Greek population.

Methods:

A prospective single-center study was performed during November 1, 2013 and November 5, 2016; 621 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled. The EuroSCORE II values and the actual mortality of the patients were recorded in a special database. Calibration of the model was evaluated with the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and discrimination with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results:

The observed in-hospital mortality rate was 3% (i.e. 18/621 patients). The median EuroSCORE II value was 1.3% (1st quartile: 0.86%, 3rd quartile: 2.46%), which indicates a low in-hospital mortality. Area under the ROC curve for EuroSCORE II was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75-0.94), suggesting very good correct classification of the patients.

Conclusion:

The findings of the present work suggest that EuroSCORE II is a very good predictor of in-hospital mortality after cardiac surgery, in our population and, therefore can safely be used for quality assurance and risk assessment.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and the Modelling of Alzheimer’s Disease: The Human Brain Outside the Dish
Authors: Tong Godwin , Izquierdo Pablo , Raashid Rana Arham
Published: October 2017

Background:

Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are a global health issue primarily in the elderly. Although AD has been investigated using primary cultures, animal models and post-mortem human brain tissues, there are currently no effective treatments.

With the advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogrammed from fully differentiated adult cells such as skin fibroblasts, newer opportunities have arisen to study the pathophysiology of many diseases in more depth. It is envisioned that iPSCs could be used as a powerful tool for neurodegenerative disease modelling and eventually be an unlimited source for cell replacement therapy. This paper provides an overview of; the contribution of iPSCs towards modeling and understanding AD pathogenesis, the novel human/mouse chimeric models in elucidating current AD pathogenesis hypotheses, the possible use of iPSCs in drug screening, and perspectives on possible future directions.

Key messages:

Human/mouse chimeric models using iPSCs to study AD offer much promise in better replicating AD pathology and can be further exploited to elucidate disease pathogenesis with regards to the neuroinflammation hypothesis of AD.
Ethics in Quality Improvement with in Health Care - Focusing on the Improvement
Authors: Sandman Lars
Published: October 2017

Background:

Health-care is permeated with ethical values and norms and so there are ethical implications to all interventions which changes practice, and this includes quality improvement (QI). The interest for ethics in QI so far has not had an explicit focus on the ethics of the actual improvement. Contrasting this with health technology assessment (HTA), we there find an almost exclusive interest in the ethics of the developed technology, and less regard for the other ethical aspects related to development, evaluation and implementation of the technology.

Method:

We identify how a research ethics perspective on QI differs from the ethics of the actual improvement or change. It will be argued that the field of ethics in QI can benefit from the development of ethics within HTA by raising awareness of the need to ethically assess the actual improvement or change, and by using models for this found within HTA. For an ethical analysis of quality improvement, elderly care in the Swedish context will be given as a tentative example.

Conclusion:

The existing frameworks for ethical assessment within HTA need further development for use within QI. In essence, the introduction of new technologies within health-care could be viewed as a quality improvement, where considerations generally acknowledged within QI are relevant to consider in relation to all potential technologies to be used within health-care.
Language-Games and Quality Improvement in Healthcare in England
Authors: Newman Stephen
Published: October 2017

Background:

Quality in healthcare is high on the political agenda in England. This paper examines the model of inspection used by the Care Quality Commission to inspect healthcare provison in England.

Methods:

The paper comprises a critical review of the literature to examine the model of judgement used by the Care Quality Commission in their inspection framework.

Results:

It is argued that the model of judgement used makes various assumptions which throw into doubt the notion that such inspections provide an objective picture of quality in healthcare. However, the contrary view, that such inspections are highly subjective, is rejected in favour of developing a perspective informed by the later philosophy of Wittgenstein; one which recognises the importance of social agreement and understanding in developing meaning.

Conclusion:

This perspective highlights the importance of the different social groups that work in healthcare, and those who are treated in the healthcare system, for developing shared understandings and meanings of terms such as ‘quality’.
Mid-Term Outcomes After Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Dorsal Fracture-Dislocations Through a Volar, Shotgun Approach and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Giugale Juan Marcelo , Wang Juntian , Kaufmann Robert A. , Fowler John R.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) fracture dislocations remain a complex injury pattern to treat. There are several treatment methods available aimed to restore stability, preserve range of motion, and reconstitute the articular surface. This study looked at the mid-term clinical and radiographic results of open reduction internal fixation through a shotgun approach of comminuted PIP fracture dislocations.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted of all PIP fracture dislocations treated through a volar, shotgun approach at a single institution over a 15-year period. Patients identified were contacted and asked to return to the office for clinical and radiographic evaluation. Patient reported outcomes were assessed with the Michigan hand questionnaire (MHQ) and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain.

Results:

5 patients returned to the office for further evaluation with average follow-up of 69 months (range, 33-133 months). 3 patients were found to have post traumatic arthritis on radiographs. 1 case had recurrent instability and one case had a deep infection, both necessitating further surgical intervention. Average PIP arc of motion was found to be 79°. Average VAS score of 0 and MHQ result of 95 (out of a possible score of 100) indicating no residual pain and excellent functionality of the affected hand.

Conclusion:

Open reduction internal fixation of comminuted PIP fracture dislocations utilizing the volar, shotgun approach provides excellent mid-term functional results despite the high incidence of post traumatic arthritis.
Presumed Chemotherapy-Induced Optic Neuropathy and Maculopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Mathew David J. , Arthur Anupriya , John Sheeja Susan
Published: October 2017

Purpose:

With the advent of more aggressive cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens, the incidence of ocular toxicity due to these drugs is also on the rise. We report a case of Presumed Chemotherapy-Induced optic neuropathy and maculopathy secondary to treatment with cytarabine and daunorubicin for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML).

Case report:

A 50-year-old man with AML developed sudden decrease in vision in his left eye after three cycles of chemotherapy with cytarabine and daunorubicin. He presented to us six weeks later with bilateral optic atrophy and foveal atrophic changes with early bull’s eye maculopathy. A diagnosis of presumed chemotherapy-induced optic neuropathy with maculopathy was made, and the patient was put on an alternative chemotherapeutic regimen. There was no further decrease in vision on follow up.

Conclusion:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of clinically demonstrable macular toxicity in the form of macular atrophic changes and bull’s eye maculopathy associated with the use of cytarabine and daunorubicin. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of such cases is imperative to prevent further visual deterioration.
3D PRINTING TECHNIQUE FOR PATIENT-SPECIFIC INSTRUMENTATION IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Karyakin N. N. , Malyshev E. E. , Gorbatov R. O. , Rotich G K.
Published: October 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of knee arthroplasty using patient specific guides produced using physical prototypes and 3D printing that are applied for positioning of resection blocks. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the treatment outcomes of 4 patients during the period from 2015 to 2016 who underwent total knee arthroplasty for posttraumatic gonarthrosis of III-IV stage with the use of patient specific guides for resection blocks positioning. The mean age of patients was 59±12 years. Initially, all patients reported marked limitation of movement in the knee joint. The average flexion prior to surgery was 53.3±35.1°. According to FLFS roentgenography all patients had a varus deformity of the lower limb with an average value of 15.0±12.3°.Results. In all cases the axis of the lower limb was normalized postoperatively. The average KOOS score for “pain” was 85.2±14.0, for “daily physical activity” — 74.5±14.8, for “symptoms and stiffness” — 69.0±11.0, for “quality of life” — 62.5±12.5 points. Average knee ROM after arthroplasty: flexion 113.3±5.787° and full extension. Such outcomes can be considered as excellent considering preoperative marked knee movement limitations in all patients.Conclusion. Preoperative planning using the technology of producing patient specific guides and prototyping on physical tibia and femur models allowed to restore normal axis of the lower limb. The authors observed a significant improvement in joint function and a pain syndrome reduction in all patients. In authors’ opinion patient specific precision guides can be used in the following cases: inflammatory process or deformation of the femur in patient’s history; when the use of intramedullary guides is difficult and does not allow positioning of the prosthesis components with sufficient accuracy or is associated with an increased risk of a purulent-inflammatory process; ipsilateral hip joint prosthesis when it is desirable to avoid opening the medullary canal; substantial bone defects or massive osteophytes of the posterior portion of femoral condyles that impede correct rotation of the femoral component; severe movement limitations in the knee joint, when it is technically impossible to perform TKA using computer navigation and the use of a standard set of instruments poses significant technical difficulties.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SEMINOMA METASTASIS IN CLAVICLE (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Mikailov I. M. , Zasulsky P. Yu. , Grigoriev P. V. , Dubrovskaya M. V.
Published: October 2017

Clavicle is a very rare localization for primary tumor process as well as for metastatic lesion thereby there are few papers in medical literature dedicated to the surgical treatment of a clavicle tumor lesion. Mainly the authors report on experience on total or subtotal claviculectomy without replacement of the defect. There are singular publications on defect replacement with clavicle allograft, rib or fibula autograft or with synthetic materials. The authors report the experience of clavicle metastatic lesion treatment in a patient with testicular seminoma. The authors resected clavicle metastasis and replaced the post resection defect by a locking plate with angular stability and bone cement. The functional outcome evaluated in three months postoperatively was29 ptson MSTS score with a full range of motion in the left shoulder. Described method can be recommended for young patients with a primary tumor process or metastatic lesion of a clavicle who have high demands in respect of cosmetic and functional result.