bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK RAPORLAMASI VE ENTEGRE RAPORLAMA: TÜRK HAVA YOLLARI VE GÜNEY AFRİKA HAVA YOLLARI İNCELEMESİ
Authors: BATTAL Ünal
Published: October 2018

Geleneksel
mali tablolar işletmeler için artık yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle İşletmeler
2000’li yıllarda sürdürülebilirlik raporlaması ve 2010 sonrasında ise entegre
raporlar hazırlamaya başlamışlardır. Sürdürülebilirlik raporlaması entegre
raporlamanın merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bundan dolayı çalışmanın ilk bölümde
sürdürülebilirlik raporlamasının kılavuz ilkeleri ve bildirimleri
açıklanmaktadır. İkinci bölümde ise entegre raporlamanın evrimi, faydaları ve
uluslararası çerçevesi açıklanmaktadır. Son bölümde ise Türk Hava Yolları
Sürdürülebilirlik Raporu ile Güney Afrika Hava Yolları Entegre Raporu vaka araştırması
yöntemiyle incelenmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda Türk Hava Yolları
Sürdürülebilirlik Raporlamasının rapor kılavuzlarına tam uyum sağlamadığı
tespit edilmiştir. Güney Afrika Hava Yoları Entegre Raporu’nun ise entegre
raporlama çerçevesine uyum sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Türk Hava
Yolları’nın gelecekte sürdürülebilirlik raporlaması doğrultusunda eksiksiz bir
entegre rapor hazırlamasının paydaşlar açısından faydalı olacağı
belirtilmiştir.
DOKUMA SEKTÖRÜNDE VERİ ZARFLAMA ANALİZİ VE MALMQUIST TOPLAM FAKTÖR VERİMLİLİĞİ ENDEKSİ / Data Envelopment Analysis And Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index In The Weaving Sector
Authors: AKIN Nalan Gülten
Published: October 2018

Çalışmada BIST’te (Borsa İstanbul’da) kayıtlı olan ve dokuma sektöründe yer alan 17 firmanın etkinliklerinin Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ile ölçülmesi ve Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik (MTFV) endeksi ile firmaların etkinliğinin yıllar itibarıyla nasıl değiştiğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla firmaların 2013 - 2017 yıllarına ait finansal tablolarından ve bilançolarından elde edilen verileri dikkate alınarak, analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizlerde cari oran, asit-test oranı, kaldıraç oranı, finansman oranı, stok devir hızı ve aktif devir hızı olmak üzere altı adet girdi değişkeni ile toplam aktif kârlılığı ve satışların kârlılığı olmak üzere iki adet çıktı değişkeni kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 2013 yılında 8 firmanın, 2014 yılında 6 firmanın, 2015 yılında 4 firmanın, 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında ise 5 firmanın göreli olarak %100 etkinliğe sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Her beş yılda göreli olarak %100 etkinliğe sahip olan tek firma F15’tir.
ANALISIS KEEKONOMIAN PENGOPERASIAN ALAT PERONTOK UNTUK KEDELAI (STUDI KASUS: KECAMATAN MAJALENGKA, KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA)
Authors: Sartika Novi Dewi , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Darmawati Emmy
Published: October 2018

Kabupaten Majalengka merupakan salah satu wilayah yang telah menerapkan teknologi perontokan kedelai dengan menggunakan mesin multiguna. Mesin multiguna yang dioperasikan sangat terkait dengan keberlangsungan usaha perontokan di wilayah tersebut, sehingga analisis ekonomi perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji keekonomian mesin perontok multiguna untuk mendukung perbaikan pascapanen melalui pengembangan dan penggunaan mesin multiguna. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengoperasikan dua mesin perontok multiguna di desa Sindang Kasih yang merupakan daerah penghasil benih kedelai. Pengujian operasional mesin perontok dilakukan dengan mengatur kecepatan putar silinder pada 515-570 rpm dan 580-650 rpm. Susut bobot yang diperoleh dari pengoperasian alat adalah 0,68-3,1%. Hasil analisis biaya pokok operasional alat dengan susut yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 327 – Rp 369/kg.  BEP tercapai pada luasan lahan 15,7-19,2 ha/tahun yang setara dengan 23.562 – 28.852 kg biji kedelai/tahun atau sebesar Rp 9.604.100 - Rp 11.540.649/tahun. Sewa alat yang berlaku, yaitu Rp 400/kg, sudah layak dengan NPV Rp 1.997.037 – Rp 6.523.947, IRR 19,63 - 32,42% dan net B/C 1,11-1,43. Ketersediaan bahan baku kedelai brangkasan yang dirontokkan oleh kedua mesin perontok didapatkan dalam dua periode tanam, yaitu bulan Februari-April sebesar 40 ha dan bulan Juni-Agustus sebesar 10 ha.
EVALUASI PINDAH PANAS KOTAK PENDINGIN DARI PADUAN SEKAM PADI DENGAN RESIN
Authors: Artika Ni Kadek Elvin , Sukmawaty Sukmawaty , Putra Guyup Mahardhian Dwi
Published: October 2018

Sekam padi merupakan limbah pertanian yang masih dapat difungsikan sebagai isolator panas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perpindahan panas yang terjadi pada kotak pendingin paduan sekam padi dengan resin. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan nilai konduktivitas termal terendah pada kotak pendingin sekam padi dengan nilai berkisar antara 0,111-0,289 W/m2 K. Sedangkan nilai konduktivitas termal tertinggi pada kotak styrofoam berkisar antara 0,204-0,986 W/m2 K. Perbedaan nilai konduktivitas termal suatu bahan akan menyebabkan perbedaan laju perpindahan panas total yang terjadi. Koefisien perpindahan konveksi terendah terdapat pada kotak styrofoam berkisar antara 2,812-5,045 W/m2 K, sedangkan koefisien konveksi terendah terdapat pada kotak sekam padi berkisar antara 1,717-2,217 W/m2 K. Tahanan termal yang tertinggi terdapat pada kotak sekam padi sebesar 10,981 °C/W, sedangkan yang terendah terdapat pada kotak styrofoam sebesar 4,156 °C/W. Tahanan termal menunjukkan kemampuan suatu material menahan laju perpindahan panas. Laju perpindahan panas total tertinggi terdapat pada kotak styrofoam sebesar 12,632 W, sedangkan laju perpindahan panas terendah terdapat pada kotak sekam padi yaitu sebesar 11,845 W. Nilai laju perpindahan panas yang rendah pada kotak sekam padi menunjukkan sekam padi mampu menahan kalor yang berpindah dengan baik.
Donne al lavoro in Italia tra parità formale e disparità sostanziale
Authors: Toffanin Tania
Published: October 2018

The contribution aims to articulate in critical terms the condition of women in Italy, in light of the recent transformations that have affected the welfare state and labour market. In particular, the attention has been paid to the more hidden aspects of the recent reforms implemented by Italian governments, concerning the relation between care work and social and material changes. The casualization of labour among young women is producing a postponement of the reproductive choices while among older ones, especially the unskilled ones, it is producing a returning as a full-time housewives, with all the implications that this dynamic has in terms of loss of emancipation and autonomy. For many women the impossibility to balance work and personal life is leading to their exclusion from the labour market. The reflections developed in this paper aim to highlight the process of invisibilization that continues to mark the reproductive work and the consequences that this process has on the reproduction of class and gender inequalities.
HEROIC TOPOS OF THE EARLY MEDIEVAL SCOTTISH LITERATURE
Authors: Tulup El'zara Refatovna
Published: October 2018

In the article, the author analyzes “Life of Saint Columba” in terms of how the old, pagan, and the new, Christian, traditions interact in this work at the level of its genre structure. The subject of the analysis is the Scottish saint Columba and the historical and biographical context. “Life of Saint Columba” demonstrates two trends simultaneously. On the one hand, the hagiographer shows the spiritual path of his hero as the rejection of the traditional warlike model of heroism and the use of a new heroic model - spiritual missionary work. On the other hand, “Life of Saint Columba” focuses primarily on Columba’s miracles and revelations.
TERRITORIAL AND SOCIAL DIALECTIC VARIATION OF THE BRITISH ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Authors: Zhirova Irina Grigor'evna
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the notion “dialect”, the main language levels of dialects and the modern approach to their classification within the framework of national linguistic geography. This branch of scientific knowledge passes an important stage of arrangement as an independent scientific direction, including such important disciplines as dialectology, linguistic contactology and variantology. The dialect, both territorial and social, is a kind of the language subordinate to the linguistic literary form. The dialect vocabulary is the most significant feature, because it is highly variable, difficult to interpret and affects the overall perception of the utterance.
WAYS OF COMPOUND DERIVATIVE NAVAL TERMS FORMATION IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Authors: Kuritskaya Elena Vladimirovna , Sushko Viktoriya Yur’evna
Published: October 2018

The article considers the ways of compound derivative naval terms formation in the English language. The objective of the work is to analyze the ways of forming such terms. The results obtained by the authors show the most typical ways: adding affixes or semi-affixes to the words belonging to terminological phrases; adding past or present participles, numerals or adjectives, abbreviations and proper names to word combinations. The novelty of the research is in systematizing the most typical ways of forming compound derivative naval terms.
LINGUISTIC INCONSISTENCIES IN THE MEDICAL TEXT TRANSLATION AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE
Authors: Stebletsova Anna Olegovna , Torubarova Irina Ivanovna
Published: October 2018

The research is carried out in the framework of cross-cultural communication, and it is devoted to the study of a topical problem - linguistic interference that occurs when creating texts in a non-native language. The aim of the work is to identify and analyze the most common linguistic inconsistencies when translating original medical articles from Russian into English. The Russian articles and their English versions, published in scientific medical journals, served as the material for the research. Thus, it has been found that the linguistic interference of the Russian language is manifested in all the categories of the identified inconsistencies.
Professional reliability of service center personnel of automotive companies
Authors: Федотов Сергей , Fedotov Sergey
Published: October 2018

The results of the scientific investigations of psychological predictors of personnel professional reliability in service centers by the example of master-consultants in the interests of assurance from the point of view of labor psychology and ergonomics of service system competitive advantage of motor car trusts in the Russian market of services are presented.
Menakar Konstitusionalitas sebuah Kebijakan Hukum Terbuka dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang
Authors: Wibowo Mardian
Published: October 2018

This study attempts to elaborate the definition of the “open legal policy” concept which has stated by the Constitutional Court as the autonomy of the Law- making body whenever UUD 1945 as the constitution did not regulate particular substances of a Law that is being made. In order to prevent this autonomy leans toward arbitrariness, it is necessary to establish a model of review towards open legal policies. One feasable option that the Constitutional Court could adapt is the "maximin" strategy (selecting the best option in numbers of bad possibilities) which is developed from the rational choice approach.
Mewujudkan Keadilan Melalui Upaya Hukum Peninjauan Kembali pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi
Authors: Chakim M. Lutfi
Published: October 2018

The reconsideration is an extraordinary legal remedy to the decision of Court that have legally binding (inkracht van gewisjde). The Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 34/PUU-XI/2013 stated that extraordinary legal remedy aims to obtain justice and truth material, so the provisions of Article 268 paragraph (3) Criminal Procedure Code states that, “request reconsideration of a decision can only be done once only” contrary to the 1945 Constitution and does not have binding force. The decision of Constitutional Court raises the pros and cons, on one side there are statements that reconsideration more than once is an effort to protect the rights of the public in obtaining justice, but on the other side there are statements that reconsideration is more than once is a violation of the principle of legal certainty. After analyzing the decision of the Constitutional Court No. 34/PUU-XI/2013  it could be concluded that, first, the reconsideration is more than once in accordance with the public interest to obtain justice in law enforcement, because in obtaining justice and truth material can not be limited by time. Second, the decision of the Constitutional Court are final and binding, despite raises the pros and cons, then all are required to implement the decision of the Constitutional Court. Therefore, the Supreme Court is expected to soon complete the Regulation of the Supreme Court about filing reconsideration in criminal cases by adjusting the decision of the Constitutional Court.
Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 92/PUU-X/2012 Terkait Kewenangan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dalam Pembentukan UndangUndang
Authors: Laksono Fajar , Triningsih Anna , Ramdan Ajie , Karmadaniah Indah
Published: October 2018

Why Constitutional Court verdict Number. 92/PUU-X/2012 attractive to serve as an object of research? The main reason is, there is a problem that is visible on   the implementation of the Decision. The problem shown in fact that can be observed after the verdict was pronounced in the plenary session of the Constitutional Court. Up to almost 1 (one) year later, since pronounced in the plenary session, the Constitutional Court also considered yet implemented. This research seeks to express the fact that covers the implementation of Constitutional Court Decision No. 92/PUU-X/2012. Therefore, although more as a normative-doctrinal research and/or prescriptive with the focus of study that leads to the question of “how it should act”, this research is very likely propose another style that touches the issue of  “what happened” and “why it happened”. The purpose of the implementation of this study was to determine and explain about the implementation of the Constitutional Court Number 92/PUU-X/2012, including to identify and explain the obstacles  and difficulties in the implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 92/PUU-X/2012, and find out and explain the legal politics legislation following the Ruling of the Constitutional Court Number 92/PUU-X/2012. In this theoretical framework introduced some basic concepts that are key aspects to strengthen the argument in this study. In this regard, this study uses a few basic concepts, namely: (1) the law not only as a rule (rule) but also behavior (behavior), (2) awareness  and compliance with the law; (3) The strength of binding court decisions, and (4) Due to legal and implementation models court decision.
The Role of Self-Efficacy and Identity in Mediating the Effects of STEM Support Experiences
Authors: Syed Moin , Zurbriggen Eileen L. , Chemers Martin M. , Goza Barbara K. , Bearman Steve , Crosby Faye J. , Shaw Jerome M. , Hunter Lisa , Morgan Elizabeth
Published: October 2018

We report results from two studies testing the Mediation Model of Research Experiences (MMRE), which posits that science (or engineering) self-efficacy and identity as a scientist (or engineer) mediate the association between support programs and students’ commitment to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. Study 1 included 502 matriculated and recently graduated undergraduate STEM students. Structural equation modeling analyses indicated that research experience, instrumental mentoring, and involvement in a community of scientists were associated with commitment to a STEM career, mediated through science/engineering self-efficacy and identity as a scientist/engineer. There were few interactions with ethnicity and none with gender. In Study 2, 63 undergraduate students in science/engineering support programs were surveyed with a similar instrument at the beginning and end of their programs. Pre-post analyses indicated that increases over time in community involvement were associated with increases in science/engineering self-efficacy, and increases over time in science/engineering identity were associated with increased commitment to a STEM career. Taken together, these two studies show the importance of psychological processes such as identity and self-efficacy in understanding the specific ways in which science/engineering support programs lead to enhanced commitment to a career in STEM among white and underrepresented minority undergraduate students.
Coordinating postural sway: Do children with and without a neurodevelopmental disorder differ?
Authors: Vink Roy , Hasselman Fred , Wijnants Maarten , Cillessen Antonius H. N. , Bosman Anna
Published: October 2018

Children with a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as autism, ADHD and dyslexia, often experience learning problems. However, many of them also experience problems with postural control. One potential explanation is that this is the result of a deficit in the cerebellum, which may result in a timing deficit. In the present study, we examined one such timing mechanism, namely the synchronization or coordination of postural sway. In a cooperative task, postural sway of both normally developing dyads and those consisting of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder was obtained. While performing the task, the children stood on a Nintendo Wii Balance Board that recorded their postural sway. The level of synchronization or coordination of postural sway in the dyads was analyzed using Cross Recurrence Quantification Analysis and subsequently subject to a Multilevel Regression Analysis. Our results showed, as expected, that normally developing children outperformed children with a neurodevelopmental disorder in the cooperative task. However, both groups showed similar coordination of postural sway. Thus, although the outcome is different, the underlying process appears to be similar for both groups.
Heat Transfer during Quenching of Inconel Probe in Non-Edible Vegetable Oils
Authors: Nayak U. V. , Prabhu K. N.
Published: October 2018

Non-edible vegetable oils of Karanja and neem were used as quench media in the present investigation. The cooling characteristics of quenchants were obtained using Inconel 600 alloy probe and were compared with that of a fast-quenching mineral oil quench medium. Spatiotemporal heat flux was estimated using inverse heat conduction method. Heat removed from the probe during quenching showed higher and faster heat extraction by karanja oil quench medium compared to the mineral oil. Heat transfer characteristics of neem oil were comparable with the mineral oil. Rewetting time and temperature of vegetable oils were found to be higher than that of the mineral oil.
DESIGN OF A HIGH-SPEED, RECONFIGURABLE, DIGITAL RANK ORDER FILTER
Authors: Toscano George John , Saha Pran K. , Alam A.H.M Zahirul
Published: October 2018

A new architecture to realize a modular, high-speed, reconfigurable, digital Rank Order Filter (ROF) is presented in this paper. A bit-level algorithm by Kar and Pradhan has been modified in this work to implement the proposed ROF. Using the proposed digital rank selection circuit it is possible to find the element of a certain rank in a given sequence of N elements in each window in M steps, where M is the number of bits used in binary representation for the elements of the sequence. The size of the proposed ROF increases only linearly with the number of samples in each window to be ranked. The proposed ROF is also modular in nature, which means function of each part of the ROF is well defined and so the circuit can be easily expandable for larger window size. The proposed ROF has been implemented in FPGA and post-fit simulation results are presented in this paper. HSPICE simulation of the proposed ROF is also done for 0.18um CMOS process. The simulation result shows that the circuit could be operated at a clock speed of 500 MHz.
PREDICTION OF SIGNAL ATTENUATION DUE TO DUSTSTORMS USING MIE SCATTERING
Authors: Islam Md. Rafiqul , Omer Elshaikh Zain Elabdin , Khalifa Othman O. , Alam Ahm Zahirul , Khan Sheroz , Naji A. W.
Published: October 2018

The present trend in radio design calls for the use of frequencies above 40 GHz for short links carrying wide-band digital communication signals. In order to utilize the new frequency band efficiently, signal attenuation studies due to duststorms is needed urgently for desert areas. This paper presents a mathematical model which has been developed to predict the signal attenuation due to duststorm. The proposed model enables the convenient calculation of the signal path attenuation based on Mie solution of Maxwell's equations for the scattering of electromagnetic wave by dust particles. The predicted values from the proposed mathematical model are compared with the measured values observed in Saudi Arabia and Sudan and show relatively close agreement.
FAST ZEROX ALGORITHM FOR ROUTING IN OPTICAL MULTISTAGE INTERCONNECTION NETWORKS
Authors: Shahida T. D. , Othman M. , Abdullah M. K.
Published: October 2018

Based on the ZeroX algorithm, a fast and efficient crosstalk-free time- domain algorithm called the Fast ZeroX or shortly FastZ_X algorithm is proposed for solving optical crosstalk problem in optical Omega multistage interconnection networks. A new pre-routing technique called the inverse Conflict Matrix (iCM) is also introduced to map all possible conflicts identified between each node in the network as another representation of the standard conflict matrix commonly used in previous Zero-based algorithms. It is shown that using the new iCM, the original ZeroX algorithm is simplified, thus improved the algorithm by reducing the time to complete routing process. Through simulation modeling, the new approach yields the best performance in terms of minimal routing time in comparison to the original ZeroX algorithm as well as previous algorithms tested for comparison in this paper.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NO IN DIESEL EXHAUST OVER CU-ZN/ZSM-5 CATALYST USING CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi , Abdullah Hamidah , Bhatia Subhash , Salamatinia Babak , Razali Noraini
Published: October 2018

The optimization of the operating conditions in nitric oxide (NO) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process over Cu-Zn/ZSM-5 bimetallic catalyst using combined Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD) is reported. A bimetallic catalyst containing 6 wt. % Cu and 8 wt. % Zn was prepared through a combined impregnation and ion-exchange process. The process conditions investigated were temperature (300 -400 ?C), NO concentration (900-2,000 ppm) and iso-butane (reductant) concentration (900 - 2,000 ppm). The weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) was fixed at 13,000 h-1. Cu-Zn/ZSM-5 catalyst proved its potential for the SCR process. Statistical analyses showed that the NO reduction was affected by all the operating conditions with the temperature as the most dominant one. Based on the experimental design, a second order mathematical model was successfully developed and satisfactory fitting to the experimental data was demonstrated. Interactions between variables were also analyzed at 99.99 % confidence level. The optimum conditions obtained were 624 ppm for the NO concentration, 2,440 ppm for the iso-butane concentration and 389 Â°C for the reaction temperature to give a corresponding NO reduction ofÂ  96.13 %.
ANALYSIS OF WEB MINING APPLICATIONS AND BENEFICIAL AREAS
Authors: Ahmad Khaleel
Published: October 2018

The main purpose of this paper is to study the process of Web mining techniques, features, application ( e-commerce and e-business) and its beneficial areas. Web mining has become more popular and its widely used in varies application areas (such as business intelligent system, e-commerce and e-business). The e-commerce or e-business results are bettered by the application of the mining techniques such as data mining and text mining, among all the mining techniques web mining is better.
On-orbit Demonstration of a Sun Sensor on the Micro-Satellite MAIDO-1
Authors: Okubo Hiroshi
Published: October 2018

A 50-kg-class microsatellite “MAIDO-1 (SOHLA-1)” was launched, along with six other piggyback subsatellites, by a Japanese H-2A rocket on January 23, 2009. The fundamental and detailed designs of the satellite were developed by university students under the technical guidance of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). A string-type sun sensor (Fudai Sun Sensor; FSS) was also developed by the students with the technical assistance of JAXA and Advanced Engineering Services (AES) Co. Ltd. The FSS was mounted on the satellite as an experimental component. This paper reports the development of MAIDO-1 and FSS as well as the satellite operation by the students and the results of on-orbit experiments. ABSTRAK: Satu mikrosatelit kelas 50 kg “MAIDO-1 (SOHLA-1)” telah dilancarkan, bersama enam lagi subsatelit gendong, dengan menggunakan roket H-2A (Jepun) pada 23 Januari, 2009. Reka bentuk satelit yang asas dan terperinci dibangunkan oleh para pelajar universiti di bawah bimbingan teknikal Agensi Explorasi Aeroangkasa Jepun (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)). Sejenis penderia matahari bertali (Fudai Sun Sensor; FSS) juga dibangunkan oleh para penuntut dengan bantuan teknikal dari pihak JAXA dan Advanced Engineering Services (AES) Sdn. Bhd. FSS telah dilekapkan ke satelit sebagai komponen eksperimental. Kertas ini membentangkan perkembangan MAIDO-1 dan FSS, operasi satelit oleh pelajar-pelajar dan keputusan eksperimen semasa dalam orbit.
Spray cone angle and air core diameter of hollow cone swirl rocket injector
Authors: Abdul Hamid Ahmad Hussein
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT : Fuel injector for liquid rocket is a very critical component since that small difference in its design can dramatically affect the combustion efficiency. The primary function of the injector is to break the fuel up into very small droplets. The smaller droplets are necessary for fast quiet ignition and to establish a flame front close to the injector head, thus shorter combustion chamber is possible to be utilized. This paper presents an experimetal investigation of a mono-propellant hollow cone swirl injector. Several injectors with different configuration were investigated under cold ï¬‚ow test, where water is used as simulation fluid. This investigation reveals that higher injection pressure leads to higher spray cone angle. The effect of injection pressure on spray cone angle is more prominent for injector with least number of tangential ports. Furthermore, it was found that injector with the most number of tangential ports and with the smallest tangential port diameter produces the widest resulting spray. Experimental data also tells that the diameter of an air core that forms inside the swirl chamber is largest for the injector with smallest tangential port diameter and least number of tangential ports.ABSTRAK : Injektor bahan api bagi roket cecair merupakan satu komponen yang amat kritikal memandangkan perbezaan kecil dalam reka bentuknya akan secara langsung mempengaruhi kecekapan pembakaran. Fungsi utama injektor adalah untuk memecahkan bahan api kepada titisan yang amat kecil. Titisan kecil penting untuk pembakaran pantas secara senyap dan untuk mewujudkan satu nyalaan di hadapan, berhampiran dengan kepala injektor, maka kebuk pembakaran yang lebih pendek berkemungkinan dapat digunakan. Kertas kerja ini mebentangkan satu penyelidikan eksperimental sebuah injektor ekabahan dorong geronggang kon pusar. Beberapa injektor dengan konfigurasi berbeza telah dikaji di bawah ujian aliran sejuk, di mana air digunakan sebagai bendalir simulasi. Kajian ini mendedahkan bahawa suntikan bertekanan tinggi menghasilkan sudut semburan kon yang besar. Kesan tekanan suntikan ke atas sudut semburan kon lebih ketara pada injektor yang mempunyai lubang tangen yang kurang Tambahan pula, injektor yang mempunyai jumlah lubang tangen yang paling banyak dan lubang tangen berdiameter paling kecil menghasilkan semburan yang paling lebar. Data eksperimental juga menunjukkan bahawa diameter teras udara terbesar terhasil di dalam kebuk pusar injektor yang mempunyai diameter lubang tangen terkecil dan jumlah lubang tangen yang paling kurang.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF CHOCKED CONVERGING-DIVERGING NOZZLES FOR THRUSTER APPLICATION
Authors: Mohd Noh Mohd Hafiz
Published: October 2018

The need for low-thrust propulsion systems for small scale spacecraft is growing. Low thrust characteristics generally lead to low Reynolds number flows from propulsive devices that utilize converging-diverging nozzle. In the present work, seven choked converging-diverging nozzle flow characteristics operating at Reynolds number of 46000 are numerically investigated using a commercial software FLUENT 6.1.22. Computational work is carried out using axisymmetric flow Spalart-Allmaras model, two-dimensional, axisymmetric, coupled solver and linearized using implicit scheme. The nozzles, which are intended to be used for thruster application, have a throat diameter of 11 mm and an area ratio of 4. All six nozzles are derived from a nozzle with divergence angle of 28°, where the divergence angle is reduced while maintaining the area ratio. The main objective of this work is to investigate the performance and flow characteristic of nozzles with different geometry. Numerical findings show that there is thrust reduction observed as the divergence angle reduces from 28° to 10°, except for nozzle with divergence angles of 16° and 18°, where they produce thrusts higher than their derivative one. Numerical result also reveals that the flow separation phenomenon occurs inside all nozzles, where normal shock forms inside nozzles with divergence angle of 20°, 14° and 10°, and this shock degrades the performance of the nozzle in term of the thrust produced.ABSTRAK : Keperluan sistem kuasa kipas tujahan rendah bagi pesawat angkasa berskala kecil makin meningkat. Umumnya ciri-ciri tujahan rendah membawa kepada aliran nombor Reynolds yang rendah dari alat dorongan yang menggunakan muncung tumpu-capah. Buat masa ini, tujuh muncung cekik tumpu-capah beroperasi pada nombor Reynolds 46000 telah dikaji menggunakan perisian komersil FLUENT 6.1.22. Kerja pengiraan dijalankan dengan menggunakan model aliran simetri sepaksi Spalart-Allmaras, dua dimensi, simestri sepaksi, penyelesai terganding dan dilinearkan menggunakan skim tersirat. Muncung tersebut, yang tujuannya adalah untuk digunakan dalam aplikasi penujah, mempunyai lubang berdiameter 11 mm dan bernisbah luas 4. Kesemua enam muncung diterbitkan daripada satu muncung dengan sudut capahan 28°, dimana sudut capahan telah dikurangkan sementara nisbah keluasan dikekalkan. Tujuan utama penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji prestasi dan ciri aliran muncung yang berbeza geometri. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kuasa tujahan menurun apabila sudut capahan dikurangan dari 28° ke 10°, kecuali muncung bersudut capahan 16° dan 18°, yang menghasilkan kuasa tujahan lebih tinggi berbanding muncung-muncung terbitan yang lain. Keputusan berangka juga menunjukkan bahawa fenomena pemisahan aliran berlaku di dalam kesemua muncung, dimana kejutan normal terjadi di dalam muncung dengan sudut capahan 20°, 14° dan 10°, dan kejutan ini mengurangkan prestasi muncung tersebut dari segi kuasa tujahan yang dihasilkan.
Comparison of the Production of Recombinant Protein in Suspension Culture of CHO Cells in Spinner Flask and Shake Flask System
Authors: Zainul Abidin S.N.Z , Anuar And N.
Published: October 2018

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been most widely used as the production host for the commercial production of biopharmaceuticals product. They have been extensively studied and developed, and today provide a stable platform for producing monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins. This study was focusing on comparison of suspension culture system by using spinner flask and shake flask for the growth and production of recombinant protein in CHO cell line. The CHO cells were transfected with an expression of DNA plasmid containing lac Z gene which codes for Î²-galactosidase. The recombinant genes in these CHO cells and the Î²-galactosidase expressing cells were adapted to suspension culture. The agitation speed for both spinner and shake flask were adjusted accordingly. The experiments were carried out in duplicate and samples were taken for cell count, determination of glucose consumption, lactate production and protein level by using biochemical assay. The result showed that, the cell growth in spinner flask is more favorable then in shake flask. The cell concentration in spinner flask is 58% higher than in shake flask. On the other hand, specific activity of Î²-galactosidase is 25% higher in spinner flask compared to shake flask, at the same agitation speed.ABSTRAK: Sel ovari hamster China (Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)) digunakan secara meluas dalam hos pembiakan untuk tujuan komersil produk biofarmaseutikal. Ia telah dikaji dan dibangunkan secara ekstensif, dan kini ia menyediakan landasan yang stabil untuk penghasilan antibodi monoklon dan protein rekombinan. Kajian ini memfokuskan tentang penghasilan protein rekombinan menggunakan kultur ampaian sel CHO di dalam kelalang putar dan kelalang goncang. Sel CHO dimasukkan dengan plasmid DNA yang mengandungi gen lac Z yang juga memberikan kod untuk β-galaktosidase. Sel CHO β-galaktosidase-terungkap dimasukkan ke dalam kultur ampaian. Kelajuan agitasi untuk kedua-dua kelalang putar dan kelalang goncang disesuaikan dengan sewajarnya. Eksperimen dijalankan menggunakan pendua dan sampel yang diambil untuk kiraan sel, penentuan penggunaan glukosa, penghasilan laktat dan aras protein dengan menggunakan cerakin biokimia. Keputusan menunjukkan tumbesaran sel di dalam kelalang putar lebih menggalakkan daripada dalam kelalang goncang. Kepekatan sel dalam kelalang putar adalah 58% lebih tinggi daripada dalam kelalang goncang. Sebaliknya, pada kelajuan agitasi yang sama, aktiviti tertentu β-galaktosidase adalah 25% lebih tinggi dalam kelalang putar dibandingkan dengan kelalang goncang.
Removal of Nitrate and Phosphate from Municipal Wastewater Sludge by Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platensis and Scenedesmus quadricauda
Authors: K.C.A Jalal , Alam Md Zahangir , W. A. Matin , B. Y. Kamaruzzaman , J. Akbar , Hossain And Tofazzel
Published: October 2018

Nitrate and phosphorus in wastewater contribute to health and environmental threats as they are linked to illnesses as well as ecosystem disruption via algal blooms in contaminated water bodies. Based on above perspectives a comparative study was conducted on three local freshwater microalgae:Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platensis and Scenedesmus quadricauda to evaluate their effects on nitrate and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater sludge (MWS). Algae performance in removing nitrate and phosphorus was evaluated by measuring nitrate and phosphorus content of MWS incubated with the strains for 7 days. Instantaneous readings were taken every 48 hours to determine periodic levels of the nutrients phosphate and nitrate. BOD5 was also evaluated to identify the strain with the most robust growth that would demand for oxygen the most in the dark. Spirulina platensis was shown as the most efficient microalgae to reduce nitrate in MWS and the best-growing among the three strains, while Chlorella vulgaris removed phosphorus the most effectively. Thus Spirulina and Chlorella could be potential candidates by showing their intrinsic merit for the reduction of phosphate and nitrate in wastewater treatment.ABSTRAK: Nitrat dan fosforus dalam air sisa menggugat kesihatan dan mengancam alam sekitar memandangkan ia berkait dengan penyakit-penyakit serta gangguan terhadap ekosistem melalui pembiakan alga dalam air yang tercemar. Berdasarkan perspektif di atas, satu kajian perbandingan telah dijalankan terhadap tiga mikro alga air tawar tempatan : Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platensis dan Scenedesmus quadricauda untuk dinilai kesannya terhadap penyingkiran nitrat dan fosforus dari enap cemar air sisa bandaran (municipal wastewater sludge (MWS)). Kebolehan alga dalam penyingkiran nitrat dan fosforus dikaji dengan menyukat kandungan nitrat dan fosforus dalam MWS yang dieramkan dengan strain ini selama 7 hari. Bacaan serta-merta diambil setiap 48 jam untuk menentukan tahap berkala nutrien fosfat dan nitrat. BOD5 juga dinilai untuk mengenal pasti strain yang membesar dengan cepat yang memerlukan bekalan oksigen paling banyak dalam gelap. Spirulina platensis dikenal pasti sebagai mikro alga yang paling cekap dalam pengurangan nitrat dalam MWS dan paling cepat tumbesarannya, manakala Chlorella vulgaris menyingkir fosforus dengan paling berkesan. Maka Spirulina and Chlorella berpotensi dalam mengurangkan fosfat dan nitrat dalam rawatan air sisa.
Computer Aided Design of Polygalacturonase II from Aspergillus niger
Authors: Noorbatcha Ibrahim Ali , Ismail Nur Izzah , Salleh And Hamzah Mohd.
Published: October 2018

Pectin is a complex polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants and consisting mainly of esterified D-galacturonic acid resides in α-(1-4) chain. In production of fruit juice, pectin contributes to fruit juice viscosity, thereby reducing the juice production and increasing the filtration time. Polygalacturonase improves the juice production process by rapid degradation of pectin. In this project we have designed a novel polygalacturonase enzyme using computer aided design approaches. The three dimension structure of polygalacturonase is first modeled on the basis of the known crystal structure. The active site in this enzyme is identified by manual and automated docking methods. Lamarckian genetic algorithm is used for automated docking and the active site is validated by comparing with existing experimental data. This is followed by in silico mutations of the enzymes and the automated docking process is repeated using the mutant enzymes. The strength of the binding of the ligands inside the active site is evaluated by computing the binding score using Potential Mean Force (PMF) method. The in silico mutations R256Q and K258N are found to decrease the binding strength of the ligand at the active site, indicating lowering of enzyme activity, which is consistent with the experimental results. Hence in silico mutations can be used to design new polygalacturonase enzymes with improved enzyme activity.ABSTRAK: Pektin adalah polisakarida kompleks yang terdapat di dalam dinding sel tumbuhan dan sebahagian besarnya terdiri daripada asid D-galakturonik terester yang ditemui di dalam rantaian α-(1-4). Dalam penghasilan jus buah-buahan, pektin menyumbang dalam kepekatan jus buah-buahan, di mana ia mengurangkan penghasilan jus dan menambahkan masa penapisan. Poligalakturonase meningkatkan proses penghasilan jus dengan pemecahan pektin dengan cepat. Dalam projek ini, kami telah merangka satu enzim poligalakturonase baru dengan menggunakan pendekatan reka bentuk berbantukan komputer. Struktur tiga dimensi poligalakturonase ini pada permulaannya dimodelkan berasaskan kepada struktur kristal. Tapak aktif enzim ini dikenali pasti dengan kaedah mengedok manual dan automatik. Algoritma genetik Lamarckian digunakan untuk dok berautomatik dan tapak aktif ini disahkan dengan perbandingan dengan data eksperimental yang sedia ada. Kaedah ini diikuti pula dengan mutasi in siliko enzim dan proses mengedok automatik diulangi dengan menggunakan enzim mutan. Kekuatan ikatan ligan yang berada di dalam tapak aktif dinilai dengan mengira kiraan ikatan menggunakan kaedah Min Keupayaan Daya (Potential Mean Force (PMF)). Mutasi in siliko R256Q dan K258N merupakan penyebabpenurunan dalam kekuatan ikatan ligan di tapak aktif, menunjukkan pengurangan dalam aktiviti enzim, di mana ianya konsisten dengan keputusan ekperimental. Jesteru, mutasi siliko boleh digunakan untuk mereka enzim poligalakturonase baru dengan mempertingkatkan aktiviti enzim.
High Discharge Rate Electrodeposited Zinc Electrode for Use in Alkaline Microbattery
Authors: Nor Hairin A. L. , Othman Raihan , Ani Mohd Hanafi , Saputra Hens
Published: October 2018

High discharge rate zinc electrode is prepared from electrodeposition process. The electrolytic bath consists of zinc chloride as the metal source and ammonium chloride as the supporting electrolyte. The concentration of the supporting electrolyte is varied from zero until 4 M, while the concentration of zinc chloride is fixed at 2 M. The aim is to produce a porous zinc coating with an enhanced and intimate interfacial area per unit volume. These characteristics shall contribute towards reduced ohmic losses, improved active material utilization, and subsequently producing high rate capacity electrochemical cell. Nitrogen physisorption at 77 K is used to measure the BET surface area and pore volume density of the zinc electrodeposits. The electrodeposited zinc electrodes are then fabricated into alkaline zinc-air microbattery measuring 1 cm2 area x ca. 305 µm thick. The use of inorganic MCM-41 membrane separator enables the fabrication of a compact cell design. The quality of the electrodeposited zinc electrodes is gauged directly from the electrochemical performance of zinc-air cell. Zinc electrodeposits prepared from electrolytic bath of 2 M NH4Cl produces the highest discharge capacity.ABSTRAK: Elektrod zink dengan kadar discas tinggi telah dihasilkan dengan proses saduran elektrokimia. Takungan elektrolit terdiri daripada zink klorida sebagai sumber logam dan ammonium klorida sebagai elektrolit sokongan. Kepekatan elektrolit sokongan diubah daripada sifar hingga 4 M, sementara kepekatan zink klorida ditetapkan pada 2 M. Ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan saduran zink yang poros dengan luas permukaan per unit isipadu dan sentuhan antaramuka yang dipertingkatkan. Ciri-ciri ini akan menyumbang terhadap pengurangan kehilangan disebabkan kerintangan, pertambahan dalam gunapakai bahan aktif dan akhirnya menghasilkan sel elektrokimia berprestasi tinggi. Physisorpsi nitrogen pada 77 K telah digunakan untuk mengukur luas permukaan BET dan isipadu liang saduran zink. Saduran zink kemudiannya dijadikan elektrod bagi bateri mikro zink-udara beralkali dengan saiz 1 cm2 luas x ca. 305 µm tebal. Penggunaan membran tak organik MCM-41 membolehkan pembuatan sel dengan rekabentuk padat. Kualiti elektrod saduran zink telah dinilai secara lansung daraipada prestasi elektrokimia sel zink-udara. Saduran zink yang disediakan daripada takungan elektrolit 2 M NH4Cl menghasilkan kapasiti discas tertinggi.KEY WORDS (keyword)):  Zinc electrodeposition, High discharge rate electrode, MCM-41 separator, Zinc-air cell and Alkaline microbattery.
Feasibility Analysis Of Free Space Earth To Satellite Optical Link In Tropical Region
Authors: M. Nor Norhanis Aida , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Al-Khateeb Wajdi
Published: October 2018

Free Space Optics (FSO) becomes a great attention because of the chances in transmitting data up to 2.5Gbps. There are a lot of advantages offered by FSO such as easily deployment with saving time and cost and no electromagnetic interference. In spite of the advantages, FSO has an uncontrolled drawback which is highly sensitive to atmospheric phenomena because uses air as tranmission medium. Current studies and researches are only focusing on FSO terrestrial link with short path length and based on data from temperate region. Therefore, this paper is aiming to provide feasibility analysis of FSO link from earth to satellite especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO) based on atmospheric data in tropical region. The analysis will include the losses from geometrical attenuation, absorption, scintillation, haze attenuation, and rain attenuation. ABSTRAK: Ruang Bebas Optik (Free Space Optics (FSO)) mendapat perhatian kerana kebolehannya memancarkan data pada kelajuan tinggi. Di sebalik kelebihannya, FSO amat sensitif terhadap fenomena atmosfera kerana ia menggunakan udara sebagai perantara transmisi. Penyelidikan dan kajian terkini hanya memfokus kepada jalinan darat FSO dengan kepanjangan jarak pendek dan bergantung kepada kawasan tenang.  Oleh itu, kertas ini menyasarkan untuk memberikan analisis kebolehlaksanaan  jalinan FSO dari bumi ke satelit terutamanya Orbit Rendah Bumi (Low Earth Orbit (LEO)) bergantung kepada data atmosfera di kawasan tropika. Analisa termasuklah kehilangannya akibat pengecilan geometri, penyerapan, kelipan, pelemahan jerebu dan pelemahan hujan.KEYWORDS:  feasibility; Free Space Optics; availability; atmospheric attenuation; beam divergence angle; elevation angle
Theoretical Modeling and Simulation of Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for Clock Data Recovery (CDR)
Authors: Mohamad Ashari Zainab , Nordin Anis Nurashikin
Published: October 2018

Modern communication and computer systems require rapid (Gbps), efficient  and large bandwidth data transfers. Agressive scaling of digital integrated systems  allow buses and communication controller circuits to be integrated with the microprocessor on the same chip. The  Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) protocol handles all communcation between the central processing unit (CPU) and hardware devices. PCIe buses require efficient clock data recovery circuits (CDR) to recover clock signals embedded in data during transmission. This paper describes the theoretical modeling and simulation of a phase-locked loop (PLL) used in a CDR circuit. A simple PLL architecture for a 5 GHz CDR circuit is proposed  and elaborated in this work. Simulations were carried out using a Hardware Description Language, Verilog-AMS. The effect of jitter on the proposed design is also simulated and evaluated in this work. It was found that the proposed design is robust against both input and VCO jitter.ABSTRAK: Sistem komunikasi dan komputer moden memerlukan pemindahan data yang cekap (Gbps), dan bandwidth yang besar. Pengecilan agresif menggunakan teknik sistem digital bersepadu membenarkan bas dan litar pengawal komunikasi disatukan dengan  mikroprocessor dalam cip yang sama. Protokol persisian komponen sambung tara ekspres (PCIe) mengendalikan semua komunikasi antara unit pemprosesan pusat (CPU) dan peranti perkakasan. Bas PCIe memerlukan litar jam pemulihan data (CDR) yang cekap untuk mendapatkan kembali isyarat jam yang tertanam dalam data semasa transmisi. Karya ini menerangkan teori pemodelan dan simulasi gelung fasa terkunci (PLL) untuk CDR. Rekabentuk 5 GHz PLL yang mudah telah dicadangkan dalm kertas kerja ini. Simulasi telah dijalankan menggunakan perisian verilog-AMS. Simulasi mengunnakan kesan ketar dalam reka bentuk yang dicadangkan telah dinilai. Reka bentuk yang dicadangkan terbukti teguh mengatasi ganguan ketar di input dan VCO.KEY WORDS:  phase-locked loop (PLL); jitter; phase detector; low-pass filter; voltage-controlled oscillator
Muslim Views On Organ Transplant
Authors: Shuriye Abdi Omar
Published: October 2018

In Islamic worldview human cadaver is considered holy and sacred as of the living person. The human dignity bestowed on all mankind applies and it is extended to the corpse.  For this reason, in the Muslim world at least, organ transplant has been contentious process. This paper is a study on the procedures and ethical implications of organ transplant. It evaluates the Islamic views on the issue. ABSTRAK: Pada panndangan Islam, mayat manusia adalah suci dan mulia sebagaimana orang yang masih hidup. Atas sebab ini, pemindahan organ dalam dunia Islam memerlukan proses yang teliti. Kertas ini mengkaji prosedur dan implikasi etika pemindahan organ dari sudut pandangan Islam.KEYWORDS: organ transplant; ethics; religion;Muslim views
TORSIONAL DEFORMATION AND FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF 6061 ALUMINIUM ALLOY
Authors: Marno Marini , Ismail Ahmad badri
Published: October 2018

Torsional deformation and fatigue behaviour of both solid and thin-walled tubular specimens were made from as-received and heat treated 6061 aluminium alloy were studied. 6061 aluminium alloy have been widely used as a candidate material in automobile, aerospace, aircraft and structural application because of their superior mechanical properties such as high strength to weight ratio, good ductility and others. The differences in cyclic deformation and fatigue behaviours between round and solid specimens where a stress gradient exist, and thin-walled tubular specimens where a uniform stress state is commonly assumed, are also discussed. Von Mises and Tresca criteria has been used to predict the monotonic and cyclic deformation curve and compared to the torsional data obtained from the experiment. The S-N curve was used to present and evaluate the fatigue life of the specimens. Through fractographic analysis, failure criteria of fracture surfaces were observed and discussed.