bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Abstinence Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancies of Tobacco Smoking on the Desire to Quit Among Saudi Women: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis
Authors: Alanazi Abdullah M , Almutairi Shahad F , Alsarami Alanoud A , Alanazi Fay J , Alqahtani Lama H , Alotaibi Tareq F , Algarni Saleh S , Monshi Sarah S , Ismaeil Taha T
Published: February 2022

Background

Smoking is one of the major preventable causes of morbidity and mortality and has been associated with numerous illnesses. While smoking is increasing among Saudi women, the characteristics of smoking behavior related to abstinence self-efficacy, which is a belief regarding one’s ability to successfully resist performing a behavior, and outcome expectancies, meaning the anticipated consequences of performing a behavior, are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to test whether abstinence self-efficacy mediated the relationship between tobacco smoking outcome expectancies and the desire to quit tobacco among Saudi women who smoke.

Methods

This cross-sectional study collected a sample of 211 Saudi women who smoked tobacco, including cigarettes and shisha. A self-administered questionnaire was used to examine several variables, including abstinence self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and desire to quit tobacco smoking. Mediational path analysis was used to answer the research question. Indirect effects were estimated through a bootstrapping of 10,000.

Results

All 4 constructs of outcome expectancies (negative consequences, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and appetite/weight control) were associated with lower abstinence self-efficacy and desire to quit tobacco smoking. In the mediation analysis, the indirect effect of negative consequences (standardized beta = −.013, SE = .008, 95% CI [−.030, −.001]), negative reinforcement (standardized beta = −.012, SE = .006, 95% CI [−.025, −.001]), and appetite/weight control (standardized beta = −.008, SE = .006, 95% CI [−.022, −.001]) through abstinence self-efficacy were significant, suggesting mediation in the relationship between outcome expectancies and desire to quit tobacco smoking.

Conclusion

Cognitive mechanisms that may explain the desire to quit tobacco smoking among Saudi women were identified. Although future longitudinal studies are required to determine relationships prospectively, targeted interventions that correct tobacco smoking outcome expectancies and boost abstinence self-efficacy skills may reduce tobacco smoking among Saudi women.
Percutaneous Removal of Intracardiac Retained Hemodialysis Catheter: A Rare Complication of a Commonly Used Procedure
Authors: Shakerian Behnam , Karbalai Saleh Shahrokh
Published: February 2022

Hemodialysis catheter fracture with distal embolization is a rare complication. The natural process of retained asymptomatic hemodialysis is unclear. This is a report of an iatrogenic fracture of the tip of the hemodialysis catheter in an adult patient who was successfully retrieved using an image-guided endovascular technique. In the event of catheter fracture with distal embolization, percutaneous retrieval is the treatment of choice.
Influence of the structure of a hydrocarbon radical on the antifriction properties of phosphorothionates in biodegradable lubricants
Authors: Mukhortov Igor , Levanov Igor , Yakunina Kseniya , Zadorozhnaya Elena
Published: February 2022

The study aim is to develop methods of efficiency enhancement for the antiwear additives in the lubricants based on hydrocarbon oils. The tribological properties of triaryl and trialkyl phosphorothionates with similar hydrocarbyl groups have been compared. The testing has been carried out in the contact unit of combined rolling and sliding friction. It has been shown that trioctyl phosphorothionate is considerably superior to tribenzyl phosphorothionate and triphenyl phosphorothionate in antifriction and antiwear properties. The obtained results validate the suggestion that for a given polar group contained in an antiwear additive molecule the maximal efficiency can be achieved with sufficiently great hydrocarbonyl groups, when their structures are similar to the prevailing structure of the lubricant hydrocarbon molecules.
State recognition and dynamic sovereignty
Authors: Kyris George
Published: February 2022

This study reflects on sovereignty as dynamic, whereby associated conditions, like recognition, fluctuate in quality and quantity within a unit and over time, and adds to existing discussions that concentrate on changes in the meaning of (rather than associated conditions with) sovereignty or more static approaches to partial sovereignty relative to other actors in international relations (e.g. in the context of hierarchical relations). I do so by reflecting on different degrees of recognition, as associated with external sovereignty, such as extensive but not general recognition (e.g. Kosovo); different types of recognition, such as recognition of a right to (as opposed to the presence of) statehood (e.g. Palestine); as well as change in recognition over time, such as with those witnessing significant fluctuations in their recognition (e.g. Taiwan, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic). Towards explaining these changes and theory development, I argue for historicising sovereignty, and by doing so, I contribute to a literature that has focused more on changes in the meaning of sovereignty across time rather than changes in its within-unit practical manifestations. I also offer some preliminary theoretical assumptions on how internal and external dimensions of sovereignty might interplay over time in processes of state emergence and on issues of agency, particularly on how recognisers define what we understand as sovereignty but also how some statehood claimants navigate or even embrace their lack of recognition to advance their sovereignty. With this range of conceptual and theoretical propositions presented, the study seeks to facilitate the development of further analysis of statehood, recognition and sovereignty.
Recreational travel behavior and COVID-19: Insights from expected utility and the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Ojo Kehinde E , Ferreira Susana , Salazar John , Bergstrom John , Woosnam Kyle Maurice
Published: February 2022

Understanding what factors play a role in people’s decisions to travel during a pandemic is important to public health officials and to stakeholders in the travel and tourism industry in the United States (US) and worldwide. This study examines factors influencing people’s decisions to cancel/postpone recreational travel within the US amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Our conceptual framework extends the Expected Utility model, commonly used in economics to model decisions under risk and uncertainty, to incorporate subjective norms and perceived behavioral control from the Theory of Planned Behavior. Our results suggest that risk perceptions, subjective norms, and concerns over transmitting COVID-19 to others play a significant role in the decision to cancel and postpone recreational travel. Results also suggest that perceived behavioral control may be less relevant to travel decisions when traveling involves elevated health risks.
Pathic Subjectivation: Guattari’s Experiments with Contact
Authors: Goffey Andrew
Published: February 2022

Engaging with the account of pathic subjectivation developed by Félix Guattari, this article explores the ways in which his thinking about the production of subjectivity takes up and transforms the concept of the pathic dimension of experience that emerges from the rich tradition of existential-phenomenological psychiatry and the thematisation of contact it entails. Explicitly foregrounding the link made within that tradition between aesthetics and existence, this article considers the origins of Guattari’s conception of pathic subjectivation in his work on Proust, the experimental understanding of the semiotic transformations of sensory experience it entails and the practical role it plays in catalysing the creative emergence of new modes of (embodied) existence.
Subjective mental well-being among higher education students in Finland during the first wave of COVID-19
Authors: Sarasjärvi Kiira K. , Vuolanto Pia H. , Solin Pia C.M. , Appelqvist-Schmidlechner Kaija L. , Tamminen Nina M. , Elovainio Marko , Therman Sebastian
Published: February 2022

Aims:

Increased mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic have become a major concern among young adults. Our aim was to understand which COVID-19-related questions predicted mental well-being during the outbreak.

Methods:

Two cross-sectional datasets were used. The primary dataset was collected in May 2020 ( n = 1001), during the initial COVID-19 outbreak, and the secondary in April 2019 ( n = 10866), before the pandemic. Mental well-being was assessed with the Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Relationships between mental well-being and COVID-19-related questions were investigated with lasso regression. As an exploratory analysis, two-way ANOVAs were used to compare mental well-being before and during the outbreak.

Results:

Higher levels of mental well-being were associated with lower levels of academic stress and COVID-19-related worry, along with a higher satisfaction with the procedures and information provided by the higher education institutions and the government. COVID-19-related symptoms and infections did not have an impact on students’ mental well-being during the outbreak. Small to moderate effect sizes across the time points were detected, indicating an overall decrease in mental well-being across age and gender during the outbreak.

Conclusions:

COVID-19 had an impact on higher education students’ mental well-being. Higher education institutes may play a crucial role in protecting their students’ well-being during uncertain times.
Mental health in children of parents being treated by specialised psychiatric services
Authors: Nordh Emme-Lina W. , Priebe Gisela , Grip Karin , Afzelius Maria , Axberg Ulf
Published: February 2022

Background:

One in ten children have a parent diagnosed with a mental illness by specialised psychiatric services. Severe parental mental illness is a well-established risk factor for children’s mental health problems, making the identification and support of these children a public health concern. This study investigated the mental health and family context of children of parents diagnosed with depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder in this clinical setting.

Methods:

Parental reports on 87 children aged 8–17 years were analysed. The children’s mental health was compared with that of a Swedish population-based sample. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate associations between child mental health and child gender, child age, parent symptoms and social status, family functioning, and perceived parental control. Furthermore, a cumulative risk index explored the effect of multiple risk factors on child mental health.

Results:

The children reportedly had significantly more mental health problems than did the population-based sample and about one-third had scores above the clinical cut-off. A significant multiple linear regression explained 49% of the variance in child mental health, with lower perceived parental control and younger child age being associated with more child mental health problems. With more reported risk factors, children reportedly had more mental health problems.

Conclusions:

The results underline the importance of identifying a patient’s children and assessing multiple relevant risk factors in the child’s life. Furthermore, the results indicate that the needs of younger children and of patients in their parenting role are important to address.
Investigation of in-cylinder soot formation in a DISI engine during transient operation by simultaneous endoscopic PIV and flame imaging
Authors: Fach Christian , Rödel Nico , Schorr Jürgen , Krüger Christian , Dreizler Andreas , Böhm Benjamin
Published: February 2022

A single-cylinder full-metal engine with a real combustion chamber geometry was used to investigate particulate number emissions resulting from transient engine operation. The formation of particulate number emissions depends on mixture formation influenced by the in-cylinder flow and injection, and the formation of fuel films on the in-cylinder walls. For the investigation of this multi-parameter process, simultaneous endoscopic PIV and combustion visualization were applied. Hence, the measurement techniques allowed the investigation of in-cylinder flow, flame propagation, and soot formation. The test rig was modified to apply a generic load step and a realistic tip-in with Miller cycle. The reproducibility of the engine parameters during the transient allowed statistical analysis and the comparison between steady-state operating points. Cause-and-effect chains concerning the formation of soot are concluded by correlation analysis of parameters extracted from the flow field, the flame propagation and the soot luminosity.
Comparing strategies for active participation of students in group discussions
Authors: Rezaei Ali Reza
Published: February 2022

Providing an active learning environment and engaging students in classroom discussion could be quite challenging. This study used a quasi-experimental method to manipulate students’ incentives for participation in group discussion to investigate its impact on students’ learning outcomes. Two research methods courses taught over four years by the author were examined. Eighty samples of students’ online discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to assess the impact of four different strategies on quantity, quality, and outcome of students’ group discussions. The results showed significant differences in all aspects. The implications of the results for teachers who plan to use group discussion in their courses are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.
Whose Party is It?: Lame Ducks, Presidential Candidates, and Evaluations of the Party
Authors: Sievert Joel , Hinojosa Victor
Published: February 2022

Presidents and presidential candidates serve as an important source cue for the mass public’s attitudes toward and evaluations of the political parties. Our study evaluates these dynamics during the transition from a lame duck president, Barack Obama, to a new party standard-bearer, Hillary Clinton. Our analysis takes advantage of the fact that the 2014 and 2016 Cooperative Election Study (CES) and the 2012 and 2016 American National Election Study (ANES) surveys asked respondents to evaluate both Obama, Clinton, and the Democratic Party. These data allow us to examine whether the transition from Obama to Clinton changed the primary referent for public attitudes toward the Democratic Party. Our results provide mixed evidence about a change in the relative importance of attitudes toward Clinton and Obama when the former became the nominee, and the latter was a lame duck. While the public’s view of the connection between Obama and Democratic Party’s ideological profile remained constant across time, respondents did update their affective assessments of the party in the face of a new party leader once Clinton was the nominee.
Plantando Raices en el Nuevo Sur: Mexican-Origin First-Generation College Students’ Transformational Impetus in New Destination States
Authors: Ramos Delma , Camargo Elsa , Bennett Cathryn , Kennedy Brandi
Published: February 2022

This study examines Mexican-origin first-generation college students’ (FGCS) transformational impetus within the sociopolitical context of the Nuevo South. Authors investigate transformational impetus through students’ perceptions of knowledge and tools for advocating for equity and social justice in their communities. Results suggest a greater perceived awareness of equity and social justice tools for community uplift among Mexican-origin FGCS than continuing-generation Mexican-origin college students. Implications for research and practice are provided.
Numerical study on adjustment of the main flow field with guide vanes in transition zone for an S-duct
Authors: Ren Shuili , Liu Peiqing
Published: February 2022

A 30°/30° S-duct is often employed by a modern civil and military aircraft. Due to the vortex generators have poor control effect on the flow separation in the large curvature S-duct, so a new method adjusting the direction of the main flow in the transition zone for S-duct is proposed in the present study. These studies are carried out by solving Navier-Stokes equations with SST k-ω turbulence model. In order to explore the control mechanism of guide vanes on the flow field for S-duct, the internal flow field of S-duct with/without guide vanes is analyzed and compared in detail, including the velocity distribution on the symmetry plane, the secondary vortex intensity at different cross sections, turbulent kinetic energy on different cross sections, total pressure distribution on different cross sections, three-dimensional streamline, and so on. The results show that guide vanes can not only effectively adjust the direction of the main flow, but also restrain the flow separation, reduce the total pressure loss, and improve the uniformity of flow field.
The Kamishibai theatre in work with children with intellectual disability
Authors: Marciniak Agata , Dobińska Gabriela
Published: February 2022

The Kamishibai theatre is a traditional Japanese method of storytelling using illustrated boards successively taken out of a small wooden chest used as a screen. Although the method has a significant educational and therapeutic potential, researchers devote little attention to it, focusing mainly on its connection with developing language competency and promotion of reading. However, the Kamishibai theatre constitutes an excellent form of working with children with intellectual disability, as we try to demonstrate in this article. The article is devoted to the issues of using Kamishibai theatre in working with children with intellectual disabilities and the role the teacher plays in implementing this stimulation method. Considerations made are based on the results of two previous scientific projects oriented around the epiphanies and key experiences in the biographies of educators and the impact of various forms of communication within the Kamishibai theatre method on the perception of the content presented to children with intellectual disabilities. The article presents the results of our research, supplements the analysis with the indications regarding the role of the teacher conducting art therapy classes and an in-depth reflection on the predispositions a teacher should possess.
Probiotics attenuate alcohol-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia: Preliminary observations
Authors: Green Paul G , Alvarez Pedro , Levine Jon D
Published: February 2022

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major health problem that causes millions of deaths annually world-wide. AUD is considered to be a chronic pain disorder, that is exacerbated by alcohol withdrawal, contributing to a high (∼80%) relapse rate. Chronic alcohol consumption has a marked impact on the gut microbiome, recognized to have a significant effect on chronic pain. We tested the hypothesis that modulating gut microbiota through feeding rats with probiotics can attenuate alcohol-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia. To test this hypothesis, rats were fed alcohol (6.5%, 4 days on 3 days off) for 3 weeks, which induced skeletal muscle mechanical hyperalgesia. Following alcohol feeding, at which time nociceptive thresholds were ∼37% below pre-alcohol levels, rats received probiotics in their drinking water, either Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG (Culturelle) or De Simone Formulation (a mixture of 8 bacterial species) for 8 days; control rats received plain water to drink. When muscle mechanical nociceptive threshold was evaluated 1 day after beginning probiotic feeding, nociceptive thresholds were significantly higher than rats not receiving probiotics. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds continued to increase during probiotic feeding, with thresholds approaching pre-alcohol levels 5 days after starting probiotics; nociceptive threshold in rats not receiving probiotics remained low. After probiotics were removed from the drinking water, nociceptive thresholds gradually decreased in these two groups, although they remained higher than the group not treated with probiotic (21 days after ending alcohol feeding). These observations suggest that modification of gut microbiota through probiotic feeding has a marked effect on chronic alcohol-induced muscle mechanical hyperalgesia. Our results suggest that administration of probiotics to individuals with AUD may reduce pain associated with alcohol consumption and withdrawal, and may be a novel therapeutic intervention to reduce the high rate of relapse seen in individuals with AUD attempting to abstain from alcohol.
Sudan Black B treatment uncovers the distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme2 in nociceptors
Authors: Su Si , Yu Ning , Zhang Hao , Wu Danning , Cui Huan , Ma Chao
Published: February 2022

Nervous system manifestations caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are of great concern. Neurological symptoms and the neurological effects induced by SARS-CoV-2, such as the loss of various sensory perceptions, indicate direct viral invasion into sensory neurons. Therefore, it is very important to identify the distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, in human nervous system. However, autofluorescence from lipofuscin obviously impacted immunofluorescence analysis in previous studies. We demonstrated that Sudan Black B (SBB) remarkably reduced the massive lipofuscin-like autofluorescence and the immunofluorescence signal would be sharpened following the exposure compensation. Additionally, we confirmed that ACE2 was expressed in IB4+, CGRP+, and NF200+ sensory subpopulations. The mapping of ACE2 distribution in hDRG would facilitate the understanding of sensory disorder induced by SARS-CoV-2.
Professional boundary violations in primary care
Authors: Mantova Maria C , Metcalfe Neil H
Published: February 2022

As medical professionals in primary care are faced with an ever-increasing number of patients, it has become vital to understand how to maintain professionalism. Often serious violations of professional boundaries stem from minor crossings that are commonly seen in medical practice. However, doctors are often unaware of the relationship between innocent crossings and irremediable violations, which makes them unable to identify their own unprofessional behaviour. This paper aims to concisely explore the current theories around the development of boundary violations. It looks at the formation of dual relationships in clinical practice and the current guidelines by the General Medical Council and medical defence bodies around professional boundaries. This article thus aims to provide GPs with an understanding of common features encountered in cases of violations of boundaries in primary care, because the ability to identify violations early on is paramount to protect patients’ safety.
Using FaceReader to explore the potential for harnessing emotional reactions to motivate hand hygiene
Authors: Rutter Sophie , Bonne Marc , Stones Catherine , Macduff Colin
Published: February 2022

Background

Handwashing is a key strategy for reducing the spread of infection but hand hygiene practises are often poor. Pre-testing messages prior to a campaign is expensive and time consuming.

Objective

This study investigates (1) emotional reactions to handwashing messages based on four different theoretical constructs (Knowledge of Risk, Comfort, Disgust and Social Norms), (2) how images may influence emotional reactions and (3) the influence of emotion, images and theoretical construct on handwashing motivation.

Methods

A novel methodology was employed whereby FaceReader, software that automatically analyses emotions, was used to identify reactions to handwashing messages. Thirty-one participants from The University of Sheffield were recruited for this laboratory study.

Results

Most participants did not react strongly to any message and emotional reactions were similar for messages from different theoretical constructs. Adding images to text messages intensified some emotional reactions, particularly Happy and Disgusted for the two messages from the Disgust theoretical perspective. Moreover, participants thought that messages that used images were 1.8 times more likely to encourage handwashing. Knowledge of Risk messages (most encouraging) were 2.9 times more likely to be selected as encouraging handwashing than Comfort messages (least encouraging). An increase in the Disgusted emotion was also associated with an increase in encouragement.

Discussion

This study suggests that handwashing messages should be designed to exploit emotional reactions but more research is needed to understand how to design messages for these reactions. Whether disgust is as important post Covid-19 requires future investigation. FaceReader can be usefully and inexpensively employed to pre-test handwashing messages.
The use of behaviour change theory for infection prevention and control practices in healthcare settings: A scoping review
Authors: Greene Carolynn , Wilson Jennie
Published: February 2022

Background

Infection prevention and control (IPC) practices performed by healthcare workers are key to the prevention and management of infections. Compliance with IPC practices is often low, they are therefore commonly the focus of improvement interventions. Designing interventions that are based on behaviour change theories may help to improve compliance to practice. The aim of this review is to synthesise the evidence on the application of behaviour change theories to interventions to improve IPC practice in healthcare settings.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework. The theories of focus were the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B) and Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). Studies which applied these theories to any IPC practice were included.

Results

Eleven studies were identified which met the inclusion criteria. The IPC behaviours investigated were hand hygiene (7), antimicrobial stewardship (3), and MRSA screening (1). Nine studies explored barriers and facilitators to existing IPC practice; three used their findings to design a behaviour change intervention or tool. Domains of ‘beliefs about consequences’, ‘environmental context/resources’, and ‘social/professional role and identity’ were identified as key across all three IPC behaviours.

Discussion

This review has demonstrated the use of behavioural theories to understand determinants of behaviour related to IPC practice. Currently, there are few published examples of interventions to improve IPC practice that have been underpinned by behavioural theory. Practitioners in IPC should consider the use of these methods to enhance the efficacy of strategies to change healthcare worker behaviour.
Synthesis and Melanogenesis Effect of 7,8-Dimethoxy-4-Methylcoumarin via MAPK Signaling-Mediated Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor Upregulation
Authors: Kang Min-Sung , Jang Sung-Chan , Park Taejin , Kim Min-Seon , Park Jin-Soo , Chi Won-Jae , Kim Seung-Young
Published: February 2022

Tyrosinase ultimately controls the melanogenesis rate of the skin, and tanning and haircare products generally induce the activation of tyrosinase. Moreover, various enzymes, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2), mediate melanogenesis in which microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a master regulator. One coumarin family member 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (DHMC) shows extensive biological activities with beneficial health effects; however, it also induces cytotoxicity and its melanogenic effect has not been reported yet. Therefore, we first synthesized DHMC derivatives via methylation to obtain 7,8-dimethoxy-4-methylcoumairn (DMMC), and investigated the pro- or anti-melanogenic effects of DHMC and DMMC in B16-F10 melanoma cells as well as the underlying mechanism. DHMC showed cytotoxicity at all tested concentrations, whereas DMMC did not reduce cell viability, even at the high concentration. DMMC also drives the significant increase in intracellular melanin and tyrosinase activity. Moreover, DMMC induced MITF expression by significantly increasing tyrosinase activity, which activates the gene expression of TRP1 and TRP2. Western blotting confirmed that DMMC induced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling by the phosphorylation of C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), resulting in the increased melanin production and the decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase B. Collectively, this study showed the pro-melanogenic effect of DMMC and its potential as a safe tanning and dyeing agent.
Validity and Reliability of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Score for the English-Literate Singapore Population With Hallux Valgus
Authors: Tan Chin Chuen , Sayampanathan Andrew Arjun , Kwan Yu Heng , Yeo William , Singh Rikhraj Inderjeet , Yeo Nicholas Eng Meng
Published: February 2022

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal (AOFAS MTP-IP) score in patients with hallux valgus in Singapore.

Method

A total of 121 English-literate patients with hallux valgus identified between October 2017 and May 2020 were analyzed. Reliability was assessed via Cronbach α. Construct validity was evaluated through 20 a priori hypotheses by correlating the AOFAS MTP-IP score for hallux and lesser toes with other patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Standardized response means (SRMs) were calculated to evaluate responsiveness at 6 months postoperative. Structural validity was evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) whereby a good fit was indicated when comparative fit index (CFI) is >0.95, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) is >0.95 and standardized root mean residual (SRMR) is <0.08.

Results

The AOFAS MTP-IP score demonstrated reliability with a Cronbach α of 0.837. Convergent construct validity was confirmed when all a priori hypotheses were fulfilled. Structural validity was established with our AOFAS MTP-IP score model that displayed good fit for a 1-factor structure (CFI = 0.988, TLI = 0.960, SRMR = 0.034). Responsiveness of the AOFAS MTP-IP score for hallux was demonstrated by an SRM score of 1.28.

Conclusion

The AOFAS MTP-IP score displayed adequate reliability and validity among English-literate patients in Singapore with an operatively managed hallux valgus.

Level of Evidence:

Level III: Retrospective cohort study
Outcomes and Complications of the INFINITY Total Ankle: A Systematic Review
Authors: Doyle Matthew D. , Ishibashi Megan A. , Sherick Ryan M. , Mitchell Logan H. , Castellucci-Garza Francesca M. , Rao Nilin M.
Published: February 2022

Ankle arthroplasty is a viable treatment option for end-stage ankle arthritis and has shown improvements in pain relief, motion, as well as function and gait. Newer generation total ankle prostheses have improved instrumentation and surgical techniques, as well as minimal bone resection on both the tibia and talus. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the short-term clinical success of the INFINITY total ankle, including the common complications and rate of revision with this prosthesis. We performed a systematic review of electronic databases that included reported complications and revisions using this prosthesis. Complications were recorded according to the Glazebrook classification. Six total published studies with clinical outcomes and complications and 432 prostheses were included. The weighted mean follow-up was 24.5 months and weighted mean patient age was 62.3 years. There were 43 (10.0%) total complications—9 low grade, 16 medium grade, and 18 high grade. There were 26 total revision procedures (6.0%). Revisions were mostly performed for deep infection, aseptic loosening, and subsidence. When including deep infections, the overall implant survivorship was 94%. When excluding the 8 deep infections requiring revision, implant survivorship was 96%. The INFINITY has acceptable short-term complication and revision rates. This fourth-generation prosthesis compares to prior reported studies with earlier generation ankle implants in the short term.

Level of Evidence:

IV
When Good People Break Bad: Moral Impression Violations in Everyday Life
Authors: Guan Kate W. , Heine Steven J.
Published: February 2022

The present research investigated the emotional, interpersonal, and impression-updating consequences of witnessing events that violate the moral character impressions people hold of others. Across three studies, moral character violations predicted broad disruptions to participants’ sense of meaning, confidence judging moral character, and expectations of others’ moral characters. Participants who were in real life closer to perpetrators, directly victimized, and higher in preferences for closure and behavioral stability reported more negative outcomes. Moreover, experimental manipulations showed that character violations lead to worse outcomes than the comparable experience of encountering consistently immoral others. The authors discuss implications for research on moral perception and meaning, as well as on understanding responses to everyday revelations about people’s characters.
Bony hypertrophy of the forearm in bareback rodeo athletes
Authors: Douthit Christian , Cox Cameron , Chow Nathan , Foster Rick , MacKay Brendan J
Published: February 2022

Objective:

Activities that require increased load bearing are known to cause bony hypertrophy. This phenomenon has been documented in the dominant arm of athletes in sports requiring significant utilization of a single limb. The literature addressing this effect in rodeo athletes, however, is minimal. Studies evaluating rodeo athletes are primarily focused on acute injury management rather than chronic symptoms resulting from changes in bone and soft tissue. We designed a study to evaluate bony hypertrophy in athletes without acute injury.

Method:

Rodeo bareback riders presented with frequent pain in their grip arm, no radiographic evidence of injury, and clinical signs of peripheral nerve compression. Anteroposterior and lateral X-rays taken for initial evaluation in 17 bareback rodeo athletes were retrospectively reviewed. The diameter of bilateral ulnas was measured at its longitudinal midpoint. Ratio of Ulnar Diameters (grip arm/free arm) and Percentage Diameter Difference were calculated. An independent samples t-test was used to assess differences in diameters of grip and non-grip arms.

Result:

The mean ulnar diameter was 18.4 ± 3.5 in the grip arm and 16.6 ± 3.5 in the non-grip arm ( p < 0.001). The mean ratio of grip to free arm ulnar diameter was 1.42 ± 0.21 (range = 1.05–1.92). The mean diameter percent difference measured 42.3% (range = 4.7%–92.0%), and the grip arm was observed to have a greater ulnar diameter compared to the non-grip arm.

Conclusion:

There are significant anatomic differences in the grip arm of bareback rodeo athletes compared to the contralateral arm. In cases of persistent pain in the grip arm and no evidence of acute injury, these differences may be relevant to pain symptoms and should be considered as part of the assessment and treatment algorithm.
Assessing the Quality of Undergraduate Education for International Students in China: A Perspective of Student Learning Experiences
Authors: Tian (田美) Mei , Lu (陆根书) Genshu , Li (李丽洁) Lijie
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The number of international students in China has been increasing over the recent decades. The rapid expansion of the international student population aroused concerns over the capacity of Chinese universities to fulfill international students’ expectations toward academic development. Perceiving student learning experiences as an important indicator of higher education quality, this article focuses on undergraduate international students in China and discusses their learning experiences from three perspectives, i.e., perceived learning environment, academic engagement, and student development.

Design/Approach/Methods

Data were generated by a survey involving 1,428 international students studying for an undergraduate degree at 34 universities in China. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and the structural equation model was applied.

Findings

The research showed the respondents’ academic development in a range of skills and abilities, while their learning experiences at the Chinese higher education institutions (HEIs) were largely unsatisfactory. Specifically, the research revealed the respondents’ moderate-to-low-level evaluation of perceived classroom learning environment, their low level of academic engagement, and the significant negative influences of the perceived classroom learning environment and academic engagement on their academic development.

Originality/Value

The analysis holds implications for the enhancement of positive learning experiences of international undergraduate students in China and the improvement of the quality of Chinese international student education. Student learning experiences are an important indicator of the quality of college teaching. Drawing on the data generated by a survey involving 1,428 international students studying for an undergraduate degree at 34 universities in China, this presentation explores the characteristics of international undergraduate students’ learning experiences in Chinese universities and analyzes the relationship among the three dimensions of their learning experiences.
Mood Beta, Sentiment and Stock Returns in China
Authors: Li Yuan
Published: February 2022

We examine the cross-sectional seasonality of stock excess returns in China. We find that stocks’ historical excess returns are positively related to their future excess returns under a congruent-mood period and negatively associated with their future excess returns under a noncongruent-mood period. Besides, stocks with larger mood beta tend to outperform during mood periods, and this impact is still significant after differentiating companies. Moreover, consistent with our hypotheses, mood beta has stronger explanatory power after China’s unique Split-Share Structure Reform and RMB Exchange Rate Reform. Finally, mood beta has stronger explanatory power compared to sentiment beta during ascending and descending mood months.
Do Age-Related Variations Of Sagittal Alignment Rely On SpinoPelvic Organization? An Observational Study Of 1540 Subjects
Authors: Prost Solène , Blondel Benjamin , Bauduin Eloïse , Pesenti Sébastien , Ilharreborde Brice , Laouissat Féthi , Riouallon Guillaume , Wolff Stéphane , Challier Vincent , Obeid Ibrahim , Boissière Louis , Ferrero Emmanuelle , Solla Federico , Le Huec Jean-Charles , Bourret Stéphane , Faddoul Joe , Abi Lahoud Georges Naïm , Fière Vincent , Vande Kerckhove Michiel , Campana Matthieu , Lebhar Jonathan , Giorgi Hadrien , Faure Aymeric , Sauleau Erik A. , Charles Yann Philippe ,   The French Spine Surgery Society (SFCR)
Published: February 2022

Study design

Descriptive radiographic analysis of a prospective multi-center database.

Objective

This study aims to provide normative values of spinopelvic parameters and their correlations according to age and pelvic incidence (PI) of subjects without spinal deformity.

Methods

After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, 1540 full spine radiographs were analyzed. Subjects were divided into 3 groups of PI: low PI < 45°, intermediate PI 45–60°, high PI > 60°, and then stratified by age (20–34, 35–49, 50–64, > 65 Y.O). Pelvic and spinal parameters were measured. Statistical analysis between parameters was performed using Bayesian inference and correlation.

Results

Mean age was 53.5 years (845 females, 695 males, range 20–93 years). In low PI group, lumbar lordosis (LL) decrease was mainly observed in the 2 younger age groups. In medium and high PI groups, loss of lordosis was linear during aging and occurred mainly on the distal arch of lordosis. Moderate PI group had a stable lordosis apex and thoracolumbar inflection point. High PI group had a stable thoracolumbar inflection point and a more distal lordosis apex in elderly subjects. For all subjects, kyphosis and pelvic tilt (PT) increased with age. There was a constant chain of correlation between PI and age groups. Proximal lumbar lordosis (PLL) was correlated with kyphosis and sagittal vertical axis (SVA C7), while the distal lumbar lordosis (DLL) was correlated with PI and PT.

Conclusion

This study provides a detailed repository of sagittal spinopelvic parameters normative values with detailed analysis of segmental kyphosis and lordosis distribution according to gender, age, and PI.
“We Are Trying to Communicate the Best We Can”: Understanding Districts’ Communication on Twitter During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Michela Esther , Rosenberg Joshua M. , Kimmons Royce , Sultana Omiya , Burchfield Macy A. , Thomas Tayla
Published: February 2022

While educators’ uses of social media for purposes such as professional learning and networking are now well-established, our understanding of how educational institutions use social media—including to engage key stakeholders during periods of crisis—is limited. In this study, we used a public data mining research approach to examine how K–12 school districts in the United States used Twitter as a communication tool during a critical period of the COVID-19 pandemic, March-April, 2020. Through a three-step grounded theory approach of 1,357 district tweets from 492 school districts, we found that districts worked to build community and share time-sensitive announcements in alignment with social media crisis communication recommendations. Announcements were more common during the early stages of the pandemic (and were engaged more collaboratively), with community-building posts more common later on. This study demonstrates how researchers can use publicly available (social media) data to understand districts’ communication priorities and strategies during and beyond periods of crisis.
Proximal Tubule Dysfunction Secondary to Salicylate Intoxication
Authors: Taylor Zachary C. , Carroll Vanessa G. , Parker Hinah G.
Published: February 2022

Aspirin overdose is still a common cause of presentation to the emergency department and is commonly seen in the setting of one-time, accidental or intentional ingestion of large amounts of salicylate-containing compounds, though can occur with long-term ingestion of super-therapeutic doses of medications. Salicylate toxicity has a predictable progression from early respiratory alkalosis to late metabolic acidosis. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl who intentionally ingested a handful of Aspirin and despite appropriate therapy, developed transient proximal tubule dysfunction. This case highlights the need for a change in the short-term medical management of children presenting with salicylate toxicity.
Vanguard Projects as Intermediation Spaces in Sustainability Transitions
Authors: Gasparro Kate , Zerjav Vedran , Konstantinou Efrosyni , Casady Carter B.
Published: February 2022

In response to climate change issues, increasing numbers of vanguard projects are being established to help governments achieve sustainability goals through rapid technology development. We focus on the transition intermediation literature to argue that vanguard projects, as intermediation spaces, enable core and external project actors to assume intermediary characteristics to align, negotiate, and pursue policy level goals beyond the remit of conventional project goals. We contribute to project studies by providing a macrolevel contextualization of vanguard projects in the wider sociotechnical transitions debates. We suggest that transition intermediation is key for understanding projects and their achievement of wider policy goals.
Aquatic toxicity integrated testing and assessment strategies (ITS) for difficult substances: case study with thiochemicals
Authors: Nendza Monika , Ahlers Jan
Published: February 2022

Background

An Integrated Testing and Assessment Strategy (ITS) for aquatic toxicity of 16 thiochemicals to be registered under REACH revealed 12 data gaps, which had to be filled by experimental data. These test results are now available and offer the unique opportunity to subject previous estimates obtained by read-across (analogue and category approaches) to an external validation. The case study thiochemicals are so-called difficult substances due to instability and poor water solubility, challenging established ITS.

Results

The new experimental data confirm the previous predictions of acute aquatic toxicity with the new test results indicating a 2–5 times lower toxicity than previously predicted. The previous predictions thus are conservative and close to the new experimental results. The good agreement can be attributed to the fact that we had limited the extrapolations to narrow chemical groups with similar SH-group reactivities. The new experimental data further strengthen and externally validate the existing trends based on similarity in chemical structures, mode of action (MoA), water solubility and stability of source and target compounds in aquatic media. Based on the new experimental data, reliable revised PNECs could be derived and the REACH requirements for these thiochemicals are largely fulfilled. Appropriately adapted ITS are therefore able to reduce in vivo tests with fish even for difficult substances and replace them with alternative information.

Conclusions

Both experimental and alternative information for difficult substances such as thiochemicals that are rapidly transformed in water are subject to considerable uncertainty. For example, the use of either nominal, initial or time-weighted average concentrations contributes to the variability of aquatic toxicity data. In the case of these thiochemicals, a weight-of-evidence (WoE) approach to determining aquatic toxicity based on nominal and time-weighted average concentrations may be the most appropriate choice to reflect environmental conditions. Overall, uncertainties in historical test results and alternative information, here from read-across, have to be considered in relation to how much uncertainty is acceptable for environmental protection on the one hand and how much certainty is technically feasible on the other.