bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychische Erkrankungen: Reformbedarf im Versorgungs-system – Was ist heute nötig?
Authors: Schmid Rudolf
Published: September 2019

Menschen mit einer psychischen Erkrankung benötigen, nicht nur Behandlung, sondern auch Beratung und Betreuung, Hilfen sowohl auf arbeits- und beschäftigungsbezogenen Gebieten als auch in der Tagesgestaltung sowie beim Wohnen und im Bereich der sozialen Beziehungen. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich damit, welche Fortschritte in der Versorgung psychisch kranker Menschen in den letzten Jahrzehnten erreicht wurden sowie welche Herausforderungen sich heute zeigen. Vorrang haben dabei versorgungsstrukturelle und damit verknüpfte konzeptionelle Themen und Gestaltungsvorschläge, die heute die Fachdiskussion prägen
Akademisierung der Pflegeberufe – Weg aus der Angebotsmisere?
Authors: Darmann-Finck Ingrid , Reuschenbach Bernd
Published: September 2019

Durch die Etablierung einer hochschulischen Erstausbildung als zweiten Regelzugang zur Berufszulassung wird das Qualifikationssystem in der Pflege neu konstituiert, das Verhältnis der Qualifikationsniveaus untereinander wird sich neu austarieren. Indem mit der hochschulischen Erstausbildung leistungsstarke junge Menschen an den Beruf gebunden werden und damit insgesamt eine Aufwertung des Pflegeberufs einhergeht, stellt sie einen wichtigen Baustein für die Sicherstellung des Fachkräftebedarfs in der Pflege dar.
O Desenho-Escritura de Ana Hatherly e Mira Schendel
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Martins Marta Lúcia Pereira
Published: September 2019

A arte contemporânea é um regime de saber que tem se tornado cada vez mais permeável, portanto as contaminações entre disciplinas e meios é uma recorrência. Os desenhos de Mira Schendel e Ana Hatherly que se fundem. Com seus textos e escrituras são exemplos do diálogo entre narrativas, memórias e diários que expandem o processo plástico. O presente artigo aborda o desenho das duas artistas e sua relação com a escrita.
“Isto não é um cachimbo”: designares para um desenho e um ensino do Desenho emancipador
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Vasconcelos Flávia Pedrosa
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho busca demonstrar e refletir sobre o Desenho e seu ensino desde compreensões de uma investigação Doutoral em Educação Artística na Universidade do Porto, Portugal, finalizada no ano de 2015. Além disso, discute sobre os métodos de pesquisa escolhidos em Arte/Educação Baseada nas Artes Visuais, de forma a contextualizar as plataformas metodológicas apropriadas para a problemática apresentada. No enfoque e na necessidade de interpretar o que vem a ser “saber desenhar” e “não saber desenhar”, que trago algumas considerações a partir de narrativas visuais no diário de bordo da referida pesquisa, (re)olhando para suas questões próprias, questionando os discursos e as práticas disseminados em cursos de licenciatura na atualidade. Por fim, sugero uma maior atenção para o Desenho e seu ensino na formação de professores de Artes Visuais no Brasil e em Portugal.
Creation of Coping-Profiles of Managers for Obtaining Methods of Coping in Socially Significant Situations during Negotiations
Authors: Gurieva Svetlana D. , Zashchirinskaia Oksana V. , Udavikhina Uliana A.
Published: September 2019

Professional activity of managers, entrepreneurs and other persons who often enter into negotiations implies high density of difficulties and problem situations. This study explored whether social and psychological peculiarities of personality preferred negotiating styles and response to ambiguity may be determinants of productive coping behaviour. The authors surveyed 105 managers of medium and large-sized business aged from 23 to 59. The average age of the respondents is 35.37 years. The study measured an adaptive level of coping strategies by E. Heim's Coping Questionnaire, peculiarities of personality by 5PFQ P. Costa and R. McCrae, preferred negotiating styles and response to ambiguity. Results suggested that adaptive coping strategies more frequently used by less anxious, emotionally healthy managers who in dealing with colleagues and subordinates show respect, willingness to understand and accept the other's point of view, comparative to non-adaptive or relatively adaptive coping strategies using managers with high anxiety, emotional instability and less developed communication skills. It was found the correlation between preferences of the negotiation styles and personality characteristics of respondents. Managers who use adaptive behavioural coping techniques in socially significant and stressful situations are characterized by a higher degree of respect for the people around them (p<0.001), greater emotional relaxation (p<0.001). These social and psychological characteristics may be considered as the determinants of a person's use of adaptive coping ways under challenging situations and more or less serve as a guarantee for their successful overcoming.
La Virgen de la Leche. Arquetipo de mujer y madre en la pintura del Renacimiento español.
Authors: Castiñeyra Fernández Patricia
Published: September 2019

Durante el Renacimiento en España, al igual que en el resto de Europa, se crea todo un imaginario en torno a la gura femenina; un modelo ideal que establece la imagen, el comportamiento, las funciones, la gestualidad, etc., que debían tener las mujeres. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar cómo María, a través de su representación como Virgen de la Leche, se convierte durante el Renacimiento, no sólo en una extendida imagen devocional, sino también en un instrumento para la educación de las mujeres, siendo utilizada para extender el nuevo modelo ideal de mujer creado en esta época. Así, veremos cómo el imaginario femenino es plasmado por los artistas en las pinturas de la Virgen de la Leche realizadas en España durante el Renacimiento.

During Spanish Renaissance, as in the rest of Europe, a new prototype of women was created, establishing how women should behave, which tasks were appropriated for them, how they had to talk or move, or which education they could receive. The purpose of this work is to analyze how Mary, represented as the Nursing Madonna, becomes, during Renaissance, not only an extended image of devotion, but also a tool for female education, spreading the new ideal of women. We will study how this prototype was embodied in paintings of Nursing Madonnas created by Spanish artists during Renaissance.
In Defense of Safe Spaces: A Phenomenological Account
Authors: Fast Jina
Published: September 2019

The notion of “safe space” is one example of a theoretical and pedagogical
resource grounded in studies of marginalized experiences that has recently undergone
backlash in dominant culture and the academy. In this essay, I offer a defense of
safe spaces using the theoretical resources of phenomenology and offer suggestions
for moving past the dichotomy of safe versus unsafe space. I argue that safe space
should be understood not as static and acontextual, as truly “safe” or “unsafe,” but
through the relational work of cultivating such spaces. Furthermore, far from
restricting dialogue in the classroom, safe spaces encourage dialogue through
requiring students to utilize critical thinking in their exchanges and through
supporting marginalized students whose positions and humanity often fail to be
recognized in dominant spaces.
Affective Engagements in the Classroom: An Autoethnography of Exits and
Openings
Authors: FitzGerald Maggie , Montgomery Lauren
Published: September 2019

We provide an autoethnography of gendered encounters in a graduate seminar.
We use an affective lens to argue that these encounters stem from "more than" just
individual sexism. We also use affect to identify how these encounters related to
both exits from and openings for knowledge production in the classroom.
Legal Solutions to Street Sexual Harassment in the #MeToo Era
Authors: Brunsdon Denise
Published: September 2019

Street sexual harassment is the unwelcome commoditization of women’s bodies by fellow citizen-strangers. This harm is under-recognized by traditional, Anglocentric common law. This paper begins by discussing the #MeToo wave, in particular by suggesting that it is a re-branded version of the feminist movement that is helpful but not sufficient to address street sexual harassment. Second, the paper outlines how street sexual harassment harms women. Third, some contextual analysis of why governments and legal systems have been slow to address street sexual harassment are provided. Fourth, the paper assesses the various areas of the law that may be used to curb street sexual harassment. Finally, this paper canvasses the ways other governments have taken action against street sexual harassment. Ultimately, this paper argues that the lack of protection of the basic civil right to use the public sphere free of sexual harassment is a failure of the Canadian justice system, and a criminal response remains essential. Other methods of legal regulation are inadequate without the social condemnation that criminal law carries.
Disciplinary Matters in the Hypatia Controversy
Authors: Mitra Namrata
Published: September 2019

The problem that was thrown up during the Hypatia controversy is a
systemic one. I argue that objections to Tuvel's essay regarding its exclusion of
perspectives from marginalized points of view should be re-framed as a disciplinary
wide issue. I show some ways in which the universal applicability and vantage point
often assumed in canonical writings in philosophy, specifically on history and
personal identity, emerge from specific contexts and points of view. I demonstrate
what is at stake in recognizing the particularity of these contexts. I find that the
false dichotomy between seemingly interested “Social justice” scholarship and
disinterested inquiries into truth, which I hold perpetuates the disciplinary
conditions that produced the Hypatia controversy.
Usages et finalités des registres d’entreprises à l’ère numérique : de l’efficience économique à la surveillance citoyenne des entreprises
Authors: Cornut St-Pierre Pascale
Published: September 2019

Depuis la création d’un registre d’entreprises numérique en 1994, peu de réflexions ont été menées quant aux fins poursuivies par la publicité légale des entreprises au Québec. Dans cette province et ailleurs, les registres d’entreprises se trouvent pourtant au coeur de vifs débats entre organisations de la société civile, gouvernements et milieux d’affaires. L’auteure fait le point sur les finalités des registres d’entreprises en situant les controverses contemporaines dans une perspective historique. Si la numérisation de la publicité légale des entreprises a été initialement menée dans un esprit de libéralisation économique, elle a simultanément élargi le cercle des usagers potentiels de l’information publiée et doté la société civile d’un nouvel instrument de surveillance des entreprises. Bien qu’ils soient controversés, ces nouveaux usages s’avèrent conformes aux finalités historiques des registres d’entreprises : il ne convient pas de les entraver au nom de la protection de la vie privée.
Le droit des technologies de l’information dans la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale
Authors: Bepyassi Ouafo Vicaire
Published: September 2019

Les questions relatives à la portée économique des technologies de l’information à l’ère du numérique occupent désormais une place importante dans le droit des activités économiques au sein de l’espace de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale (CEMAC). En effet, le dispositif juridique encadrant les finalités économiques de l’utilisation des technologies du numérique dans la CEMAC mis en place en 2008 a aussitôt entraîné une modification du droit des affaires de l’Organisation pour l’harmonisation en Afrique du droit des affaires (OHADA) en 2010, dans l’intérêt de concilier les conséquences juridiques de l’économie numérique dans le développement économique. Toutefois, la problématique de la contribution du droit des technologies de l’information au développement économique de la CEMAC mérite d’être soulevée après une décennie d’application. Si la volonté du législateur communautaire de faire des technologies du numérique un levier du développement est perceptible à travers l’institution législative d’un marché numérique dans lequel la garantie des droits et la liberté des activités sont assurées, il faut encore relever sa témérité à travailler pour la sauvegarde de l’économie numérique par des règles particulières protégeant les consommateurs des services électroniques.
Le système professionnel québécois d’hier à aujourd’hui : portrait et analyse de l’encadrement des ordres professionnels sous l’angle de la protection du public
Authors: Duclos Cinthia
Published: September 2019

L’article qui suit s’intéresse au système professionnel québécois et à son objectif central de protection du public. Plus précisément, il porte sur l’encadrement juridique des ordres professionnels qui ont pour fonction de contrôler l’exercice des professions au Québec. Cet encadrement inclut des mesures de surveillance et de contrôle de leur mission, de leur gouvernance et de leur fonctionnement interne ainsi que de leurs obligations et de leurs pouvoirs. L’auteure présente les origines et l’évolution de cet aspect du système professionnel québécois des années 50 jusqu’à aujourd’hui sous l’angle de la protection du public, en prêtant attention à la réforme des années 70 et aux récents changements apportés par le projet de loi no 98. Sous le même angle, l’auteure se penche sur les lacunes subsistantes dans l’encadrement actuel des ordres professionnels, en particulier sur celle qui a trait à leurs pouvoirs envers les firmes de professionnels, et propose des pistes de solution pour y remédier.
Punishing while Presuming Innocence : A Study on Bail Conditions and Administration of Justice Offences
Authors: Manikis Marie , De Santi Jess
Published: September 2019

This paper examines the process and outcomes of bail hearings, focusing on cases where defendants’ hearings involved administration of justice and sentencing offences. The data analyzed for this project suggests that despite the presumption of innocence and non-punitive official objectives of judicial release, the practice by law enforcement and courts at this stage of the process tends towards punitiveness. These punitive responses are illustrated by three main findings that relate to the detention of individuals accused of administration of justice or sentencing offences, the number of conditions of release breached per combination of charges, and the breached conditions of release. These processes are understood through a durkheimian lens, using Fauconnet’s work which considers the social function of punitive processes as focused on annihilating the criminal act to establish social order. As will be seen, this function is achieved through the selection of a scapegoat that is rapidly punished, rather than appropriately assigning individual liability.
ImageJ and 3D Slicer: open source 2/3D morphometric software
Authors: Pye Fiona , Raja Nussaȉbah B , Shirley Bryan , Kocsis Ádám T , Hohmann Niklas , Murdock Duncan J E , Jarochowska Emilia
Published: September 2019

In a world where an increasing number of resources are hidden behind paywalls and monthly subscriptions, it is becoming crucial for the scientific community to invest energy into freely available, community-maintained systems. Open-source software projects offer a solution, with freely available code which users can utilise and modify, under an open source licence. In addition to software accessibility and methodological repeatability, this also enables and encourages the development of new tools.

As palaeontology moves towards data driven methodologies, it is becoming more important to acquire and provide high quality data through reproducible systematic procedures. Within the field of morphometrics, it is vital to adopt digital methods that help mitigate human bias from data collection. In addition,m mathematically founded approaches can reduce subjective decisions which plague classical data. This can be further developed through automation, which increases the efficiency of data collection and analysis.

With these concepts in mind, we introduce two open-source shape analysis software, that arose from projects within the medical imaging field. These are ImageJ, an image processing program with batch processing features, and 3DSlicer which focuses on 3D informatics and visualisation. They are easily extensible using common programming languages, with 3DSlicer containing an internal python interactor, and ImageJ allowing the incorporation of several programming languages within its interface alongside its own simplified macro language. Additional features created by other users are readily available, on GitHub or through the software itself.

In the examples presented, an ImageJ plugin “FossilJ” has been developed which provides semi-automated morphometric bivalve data collection. 3DSlicer is used with the extension SPHARM-PDM, applied to synchrotron scans of coniform conodonts for comparative morphometrics, for which small assistant tools have been created.
Linee guida per lo sviluppo di modelli numerici di flusso in acquiferi porosi: Una proposta IRSA-ISPRA
Authors: Romano Emanuele , Preziosi Elisabetta , Araneo Federico , Fiori Chiara , Guerra Maurizio
Published: September 2019

A livello nazionale, nell’ambito dei procedimenti di bonifica dei siti contaminati, disciplinati dalla parte Quarta – Titolo V del decreto legislativo 152 del 2006, l’implementazione di modelli matematici di flusso e di trasporto dei contaminanti è uno strumento che ha acquisito con il tempo sempre maggiore importanza, soprattutto ai fini della definizione e progettazione degli interventi di messa in sicurezza e bonifica delle acque di falda. Modelli matematici sono utilizzati anche a scala di bacino o sottobacino per la caratterizzazione e la gestione delle risorse idriche sotterranee [...].
Evaluation of Plantar Foot Sensation, Balance, Physical Performance, and Fear of Movement in Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Erdoğanoğlu Yıldız , Sayaca Çetin , Çalık Mahmut , Noyan Cemal Onur , Çetin Alptekin , Yertutanol Duygu Kaya , Taşcılar Laçin Naz , Kaya Defne
Published: September 2019

Background

Neuropathologic changes may occur in the nervous system due to long-term substance use, leading to functional disability with altering of balance. We know little about substance-related mechanisms that can cause movement disorders. This study investigated the effects of plantar foot sensation and balance on physical performance as an effect of substance use in detoxified patients.

Methods

Twenty-three users of cannabis, volatile agents, or narcotic/stimulant agents alone or in combination for at least 1 year (mean age, 27.6 years) and 20 healthy volunteers (mean age, 24.6 years) were included. Participant evaluations were implemented immediately after the detoxification process with psychiatrist approval. Depression, state-trait anxiety, and fear of movement levels were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, respectively. Plantar foot sensations were evaluated with light touch, two-point discrimination, and vibration examinations. Balance was assessed with balance software and a balance board and force platform. Balance path, balance path distance, and center of pressure were recorded. Physical performance was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test in the final step.

Results

There was a significant difference in two-point discrimination of patients versus controls (P < .05). Significant differences were also found in balance values, particularly in the sagittal direction (P < .05). TUG test results of patients compared with controls showed a negative influence on physical function (P < .05).

Conclusions

Detailed examination should be performed to understand movement disorders in substance users. Herein, substance users had impaired two-point discrimination and sagittal balance reciprocally. Thus, customized physiotherapy approaches to substance users should be considered to improve their movement disorders.
Light-at-night exposure affects brain development through pineal allopregnanolone-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Haraguchi Shogo , Kamata Masaki , Tokita Takuma , Tashiro Kei-ichiro , Sato Miku , Nozaki Mitsuki , Okamoto-Katsuyama Mayumi , Shimizu Isao , Han Guofeng , Chowdhury Vishwajit Sur , Lei Xiao-Feng , Miyazaki Takuro , Kim-Kaneyama Joo-ri , Nakamachi Tomoya , Matsuda Kouhei , Ohtaki Hirokazu , Tokumoto Toshinobu , Tachibana Tetsuya , Miyazaki Akira , Tsutsui Kazuyoshi
Published: September 2019

The molecular mechanisms by which environmental light conditions affect cerebellar development are incompletely understood. We showed that circadian disruption by light-at-night induced Purkinje cell death through pineal allopregnanolone (ALLO) activity during early life in chicks. Light-at-night caused the loss of diurnal variation of pineal ALLO synthesis during early life and led to cerebellar Purkinje cell death, which was suppressed by a daily injection of ALLO. The loss of diurnal variation of pineal ALLO synthesis induced not only reduction in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neuroprotective hormone, but also transcriptional repression of the cerebellar Adcyap1 gene that produces PACAP, with subsequent Purkinje cell death. Taken together, pineal ALLO mediated the effect of light on early cerebellar development in chicks.
NEIL1 and NEIL2 DNA glycosylases protect neural crest development against mitochondrial oxidative stress
Authors: Han Dandan , Schomacher Lars , Schüle Katrin M , Mallick Medhavi , Musheev Michael U , Karaulanov Emil , Krebs Laura , von Seggern Annika , Niehrs Christof
Published: September 2019

Base excision repair (BER) functions not only in the maintenance of genomic integrity but also in active DNA demethylation and epigenetic gene regulation. This dual role raises the question if phenotypic abnormalities resulting from deficiency of BER factors are due to DNA damage or impaired DNA demethylation. Here we investigate the bifunctional DNA glycosylases/lyases NEIL1 and NEIL2, which act in repair of oxidative lesions and in epigenetic demethylation. Neil-deficiency in Xenopus embryos and differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) leads to a surprisingly restricted defect in cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) development. Neil-deficiency elicits an oxidative stress-induced TP53-dependent DNA damage response, which impairs early cNCC specification. Epistasis experiments with Tdg-deficient mESCs show no involvement of epigenetic DNA demethylation. Instead, Neil-deficiency results in oxidative damage specific to mitochondrial DNA, which triggers a TP53-mediated intrinsic apoptosis. Thus, NEIL1 and NEIL2 DNA glycosylases protect mitochondrial DNA against oxidative damage during neural crest differentiation.
TORC2-Gad8-dependent myosin phosphorylation modulates regulation by calcium
Authors: Baker Karen , Gyamfi Irene A , Mashanov Gregory I , Molloy Justin E , Geeves Michael A , Mulvihill Daniel P
Published: September 2019

Cells respond to changes in their environment through signaling networks that modulate cytoskeleton and membrane organization to coordinate cell-cycle progression, polarized cell growth and multicellular development. Here, we define a novel regulatory mechanism by which the motor activity and function of the fission yeast type one myosin, Myo1, is modulated by TORC2-signalling-dependent phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of the conserved serine at position 742 (S742) within the neck region changes both the conformation of the neck region and the interactions between Myo1 and its associating calmodulin light chains. S742 phosphorylation thereby couples the calcium and TOR signaling networks that are involved in the modulation of myosin-1 dynamics to co-ordinate actin polymerization and membrane reorganization at sites of endocytosis and polarised cell growth in response to environmental and cell-cycle cues.
A Mislead Human Bite Cause a Septic Arthritis with Articular Destruction of the Fifth Metacarpophalangeal Joint: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Elghoul Naoufal , Zine Ali , Jaafar Abdeloihab
Published: September 2019

Due to severe and fatal complications that can cause the human bite injuries to the joint; these injuries were described as “the cancer of the hand”. Human bites are less common than domestic animal bites, accounting for only 2% of hand bites. Moreover, if a human bite wound occurred in the hand, it may lead to severe infection as septic arthritis and osteomyelitis which its incidence account about only 2%. Herein, we report a rare case of a 22 years old man who presented a “minor” wound of the hand due to clenched fist human bite, managed initially inadequately leading to massive destruction of the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint, prompting the patient to undergo surgery. In the operating theater, we realized a debridement of devitalized tissue, collection of bacteriological samples and we curetted the joint surfaces along with copious irrigation with saline serum (2 liters). One gram of Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were administrated after realizing bacteriological samples then one gram every eight hours. The wound was left open and closed secondary. Then, a dressing with betadine was applied followed by careful clinical and biological daily monitoring along with an early postoperative range of motion. At the last follow up, the patient showed no sign of infection with no pain but he kept a residual stiffness of his fifth finger. Through this observation, we emphasize that physicians should be alert about the danger if this injury is underestimated.
Castleman Disease in the Buccal Space Mimicking Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Hashemi Mohsen , Yazdani Javad , Bani Shah Abadi Amir Hossein , Abdollah Zade Baghai Tannaz , Shokouhi Behrouz
Published: September 2019

Castleman disease is a benign lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, more commonly appearing in the mediastinum. Craniofacial involvement is rare. Surgical excision is the only intervention needed for the unicentric type, while systemic treatment would be necessary for the multicentric type. Here, we report a rare case of unicentric castleman disease of the buccal space of a 23-year-old woman. Additionally, we review the radiological and histopathological features of this lesion.
Concurrent design of control software and configuration of hardware for robot swarms under economic constraints
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Ligot Antoine , Birattari Mauro
Published: September 2019

Designing a robot swarm is challenging due to its self-organized and distributed nature: complex relations exist between the behavior of the individual robots and the collective behavior that results from their interactions. In this paper, we study the concurrent automatic design of control software and the automatic configuration of the hardware of robot swarms. We introduce Waffle, a new instance of the AutoMoDe family of automatic design methods that produces control software in the form of a probabilistic finite state machine, configures the robot hardware, and selects the number of robots in the swarm. We test Waffle under economic constraints on the total monetary budget available and on the battery capacity of each individual robot comprised in the swarm. Experimental results obtained via realistic computer-based simulation on three collective missions indicate that different missions require different hardware and software configuration, and that Waffle is able to produce effective and meaningful solutions under all the experimental conditions considered.
The extent to which cancer patients trust in cancer-related online information: a systematic review
Authors: Lange Lukas , Peikert Mona Leandra , Bleich Christiane , Schulz Holger
Published: September 2019

Background

The use of the internet to satisfy information needs is widespread among cancer patients. Patients’ decisions regarding whether to act upon the information they find strongly depend on the trustworthiness of the information and the medium. Patients who are younger, more highly educated and female are more likely to trust online information. The objectives of this systematic review were to examine the extent to which cancer patients trust in cancer-related online information, internet websites as a source of cancer-related information or the internet as a medium of cancer information.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using five databases (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017070190). Studies of any kind were included if they measured cancer patients’ trust in online health information. Study quality was assessed using the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) item bank. A narrative synthesis was undertaken to examine the included studies.

Results

Of the 7,314 citations obtained by the search, seven cross-sectional studies were included in the synthesis. A total of 1,054 patients reported having some or a great deal of trust in online cancer information; 154 patients reported moderately trusting such information; and 833 patients reported having no or little trust in online cancer information, internet websites as a source of cancer-related information or the internet as a medium of cancer-related information. Two of the seven studies reported between group comparisons for the above-stated patient characteristics. The methodological quality of the included studies was diverse.

Conclusion

The results of the included studies indicates that approximately half of cancer patients appear to trust cancer-specific online information, internet websites as a source of cancer-related information or the internet as an information medium. However, the small number of included studies, high heterogeneity of participants, methods and outcomes calls for further systematic research. It is important to understand that cancer patients do and will increasingly use trusted cancer information websites to search for information concerning their disease. Therefore, physicians and other health care providers should provide more support and advice to these patients.
Identification and characterization of hirudin-HN, a new thrombin inhibitor, from the salivary glands ofHirudo nipponia
Authors: Cheng Boxing , Liu Fei , Guo Qiaosheng , Lu Yuxi , Shi Hongzhuan , Ding Andong , Xu Chengfeng
Published: September 2019

Transcriptome sequencing data (6.5 Gb) of the salivary glands of the haematophagous leechHirudo nipponiawas obtained by using the BGIseq-500 platform. After identification and analysis, one transcript (Unigene5370) was annotated to hirudin HV3 fromHirudo medicinaliswith ane-value of 1e-29 and was named hirudin-HN. This transcript was a new thrombin inhibitor gene belonging to the proteinase inhibitor I14 (hirudin) family. Hirudin-HN, with a 270-bp cDNA, encodes an 89-aa protein containing a 20-aa signal peptide. The mature hirudin-HN protein contains the typical structural characteristics of hirudin, e.g., three conserved disulfide bonds and the PKP and DFxxIP motifs. Proteins (HirandM-Hir) were obtained via prokaryotic expression, and the mature hirudin-HN protein was shown to have anticoagulant activity and thrombin affinity by using the chromogenic substrate S2238 and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) interaction analysis, respectively. The N-terminal structure of the mature hirudin-HN protein was shown to be important for anticoagulant activity by comparing the activity and thrombin affinity ofHirandM-Hir. The abundances of Hirudin-HN mRNA and protein were higher in the salivary glands of starving animals than in those of feeding or fed leeches. These results provided a foundation for further study on the structure-function relationship of hirudin-HN with thrombin.
Vegetation change in response to climate factors and human activities on the Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Meng Meng , Huang Ni , Wu Mingquan , Pei Jie , Wang Jian , Niu Zheng
Published: September 2019

Background

Vegetation in the Mongolian Plateau is very sensitive to climate change, which has a significant impact on the regulation of terrestrial carbon cycle.

Methods

We analyzed spatio-temporal changes of both growing season and the seasonal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using simple linear trend analysis. Besides, correlation analysis was applied to explore the climate factors’ effects on vegetation growth at temporal and spatial scale. Potential effects of human factors on vegetation growth were also explored by residual trend analysis.

Results

The results indicated that vegetation growth showed a greening trend in the Mongolian Plateau over the past 30 years. At the temporal scale, the growing season NDVI showed an insignificant increasing trend (at a rate of 0.0003 yr−1). At the spatial scale, a large region (53.8% of the whole Mongolian Plateau) with an increasing growing season NDVI, was primarily located in the southern and northern parts of the plateau. The correlation analysis suggested that temperature and precipitation were the main limiting factors that affected vegetation growth in spring and the growing season, respectively. The residual trend analysis showed that human activities primarily stimulated the growth of grasslands and shrublands, while croplands displayed a decreasing trend due to human disturbances, implying that anthropogenic factors may lead to croplands abandonment in favor of grasslands restoration. Our results provided detailed spatial and temporal changes of vegetation growth, and explored how climate and human factors affected vegetation growth, which may offer baseline data and scientific suggestions for local land and resources management, and facilitate the sustainable development of the terrestrial ecosystems.
On‐Demand Nanoscale Manipulations of Correlated Oxide Phases
Authors: Schrecongost Dustin , Aziziha Mina , Zhang Hai‐Tian , Tung I‐Cheng , Tessmer Joseph , Dai Weitao , Wang Qiang , Engel‐Herbert Roman , Wen Haidan , Picard Yoosuf N. , Cen Cheng
Published: September 2019

Controlling material properties at the nanoscale is a critical enabler of high performance electronic and photonic devices. A prototypical material example is VO2, where a structural phase transition in correlation with dramatic changes in resistivity, optical response, and thermal properties demonstrates particular technological importance. While the phase transition in VO2 can be controlled at macroscopic scales, reliable and reversible nanoscale control of the material phases has remained elusive. Here, reconfigurable nanoscale manipulations of VO2 from the pristine monoclinic semiconducting phase to either a stable monoclinic metallic phase, a metastable rutile metallic phase, or a layered insulating phase using an atomic force microscope is demonstrated at room temperature. The capability to directly write and erase arbitrary 2D patterns of different material phases with distinct optical and electrical properties builds a solid foundation for future reprogrammable multifunctional device engineering.
DMSO/H2O2 Promoted Regioselective Synthesis of Benzoimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles from 2‐Mercaptobenzimidazoles and Ketones in Water
Authors: Xu Jingxiu , Deng Renjin , Chen Jiaxi , Tang Xiaodong , Zhao Jinwu
Published: September 2019

We report a green and regioselective process for the construction of benzoimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole skeletons in water using DMSO/H2O2 as an oxidant. The experimental data lend support to a mechanism in which the transformation is initiated by oxidizing methylene of ketone into carbon radical under the oxidation of DMSO/H2O2. This operationally simple and metal‐free procedure could facilitate a diverse collection of benzoimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole derivatives.

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Micro‐ and Nanosystems for Advanced Transdermal Delivery
Authors: Yan Li , Alba Maria , Tabassum Nazia , Voelcker Nicolas H.
Published: September 2019

The skin is the largest and most accessible organ in the human body and, as such, it appears as the most convenient portal for drug delivery. However, the skin is also a formidable barrier which, while protecting us from physical, chemical, and immunological agents, requires appropriate technology for effective delivery. Today, the most effective administration method for large, lipophobic, and polar molecules continues to be hypodermic injection, which is associated with pain, needle phobia, and stick injury. As an alternative, a range of advanced strategies to overcome the skin barrier have been established over the last few decades including chemical enhancement, sonophoresis, iontophoresis, electroporation, thermal ablation, and mechanical approaches. Encouraged by the advances in nanotechnology, micro‐ and nanosystems have emerged as powerful tools to overcome the skin barrier, enabling significant advances on the existing methods. In particular, microneedle‐ and nanoparticle‐assisted transdermal delivery has gained significant traction and will most likely have a strong impact in the field. In this review, the most recent progress in the field of transdermal delivery based on microneedle and nanoparticle delivery systems is discussed and examples of key therapeutic application are provided. Finally, a critical summary is presented alongside a vision for future research directions.
The Origin of Superhydrophobicity for Intrinsically Hydrophilic Metal Oxides: A Preferential O2 Adsorption Dominated by Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Qi Gaocan , Liu Xijun , Li Chao , Wang Cheng , Yuan Zhihao
Published: September 2019

The superhydrophobicity of intrinsically hydrophilic materials is still not well understood. Now, intrinsically hydrophilic metal oxides with different topographic structures are taken as model materials to reveal the origin of their superhydrophobicity. These metal oxides show enhanced hydrophobicity or superhydrophobicity in O2 relative to that in air, but exhibit superhydrophilic behavior in N2. The presence of rich oxygen vacancies greatly enhanced the adsorption of O2 with an adsorption energy larger than N2 and H2O, resulting in a stable O2 adsorption rather than air‐trapping within grooves of rough‐textured surfaces, which endows these intrinsically hydrophilic oxides with superhydrophobicity. Our results highlight a further understanding of the origin of superhydrophobicity for intrinsically hydrophilic materials, and is of great significance for designing novel devices with desired wettability.
Structure‐Based Site‐Specific PEGylation of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Facilitates Rational Selection of Conjugate Sites
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Qi , Wu Jiamin , Zhou Chuanren , Cao Yu , Li Xiaokun , Niu Jianlou
Published: September 2019

Polyethylene glycol modification (PEGylation) can enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic proteins by the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the surface of a protein to shield the protein surface from proteolytic degradation and limit aggregation. However, current PEGylation strategies often reduce biological activity, potentially as a result of steric hindrance of PEG. Overall, there are no structure‐based guidelines for selection of conjugate sites that retain optimal biological activity with improved pharmacokinetic properties. In this study, site‐specific PEGylation based on the FGF2‐FGFR1‐heparin complex structure is performed. The effects of the conjugate sites on protein function are investigated by measuring the receptor/heparin binding affinities of the modified proteins and performing assays to measure cell‐based bio‐activity and in vivo stability. Comprehensive analysis of these data demonstrates that PEGylation of FGF2 that avoids the binding sites for fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and heparin provides optimal pharmacokinetic enhancement with minimal losses to biological activity. Animal experiments demonstrate that PEGylated FGF2 exhibits greater efficacy in protecting against traumatic brain injury‐induced brain damage and neurological functions than the non‐modified FGF2. This rational structure‐based PEGylation strategy for protein modification is expected to have a major impact in the area of protein‐based therapeutics.
Laccase‐Mediated Catalyzed Fluorescent Reporter Deposition for Live‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Cisneros Brandon T. , Devaraj Neal K.
Published: September 2019

Catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) is a widely established method for labeling biological samples analyzed using microscopy. Horseradish peroxidase, commonly used in CARD to amplify reporter signals, requires the addition of hydrogen peroxide, which may perturb samples used in live‐cell microscopy. Herein we describe an alternative method of performing CARD using a laccase enzyme, which does not require exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Laccase is an oxidative enzyme which can carry out single‐electron oxidations of phenols and related compounds by reducing molecular oxygen. We demonstrate proof‐of‐concept for this technique through the nontargeted covalent labeling of bovine serum albumin using a fluorescently labeled ferulic acid derivative as the laccase reporter substrate. We further demonstrate the viability of this approach by performing live‐cell CARD with an antibody‐conjugated laccase against a surface‐bound target. CARD using laccase produces an amplified fluorescence signal by labeling cells without the need for exogenous hydrogen peroxide.
A comparative study of the functionality and protein quality of a variety of legume and cereal flours
Authors: Stone Andrea K. , Nosworthy Matthew G. , Chiremba Constance , House James D. , Nickerson Michael T.
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives

The functionality of legume and cereal flours is difficult to compare within the literature due to the lack of standardized methodologies and differences in processing methods. The aim of this research was to investigate the functional (pasting, water/oil holding, foaming, and emulsification) attributes and protein quality of flours derived from a wide range of cereal and legume market classes (Canada) for comparative purposes.

Findings

Overall, legume flours (mean 1.77 g/g) had slightly higher oil holding capacities than cereal flours (mean 1.50 g/g), whereas their water hydration capacities were similar. In general, legume flours produced more foam with better stability than cereal flours. All legume flours had similar emulsifying properties, whereas for the cereals, oat flour had much lower emulsion stability (52.5%) than the other cereals examined (77.3%–97.7%). The in vitro protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (IV‐PDCAAS) of oat flour (62.46%) was much higher than that of wheat (~42%), whereas hull‐less barley (54.29%) was in between these values. Of the legumes studied, soybean and desi and kabuli chickpea flours had high protein quality (IV‐PDCAAS 72%–82%); red lentil was inferior to the aforementioned flours with an IV‐PDCAAS of 43.63%.

Conclusions

Legume and cereal flours differed mostly in terms of their oil holding, foaming properties, emulsion activity and pasting properties. Selection of a cereal or legume flour will depend on the attributes desired.

Significance and novelty

Information relating to various legume and cereal flour functionality and nutritional quality will enable for better ingredient selection for various food applications.
Additive‐Free Electrophoretic Deposition of Graphene Quantum Dots Thin Films
Authors: Nguyen Tam D. , Geuli Ori , Yeo Loo Pin , Magdassi Shlomo , Mandler Daniel , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong
Published: September 2019

The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of graphene‐based materials on transparent substrates is highly potential for many applications. Several factors can determine the yield of the EPD process, such as applied voltage, deposition time and particularly the presence of dispersion additives (stabilisers) in the suspension solution. This study presents an additive‐free EPD of graphene quantum dot (GQD) thin films on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate and studies the deposition mechanism with the variation of the applied voltage (10–50 V) and deposition time (5–25 min). It is found that due to the small size (≈3.9 nm) and high content of deprotonated carboxylic groups, the GQDs form a stable dispersion (zeta‐potential of about −35 mV) without using additives. The GQD thin films can be deposited onto ITO with optimal surface morphology at 30 V in 5 min (surface roughness of approximately (3.1±1.3) nm). In addition, as‐fabricated GQD thin films also possess some interesting physico‐optical properties, such as a double‐peak photoluminescence at about λ=417 and 439 nm, with approximately 98 % visible transmittance. This low‐cost and eco‐friendly GQD thin film is a promising material for various applications, for example, transparent conductors, supercapacitors and heat conductive films in smart windows.
Porous Molybdenum Carbide Nanostructures Synthesized on Carbon Cloth by CVD for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: He Mengci , Shi Hongyan , Wang Peng , Sun Xiudong , Gao Bo
Published: September 2019

Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) is a promising noble‐metal‐free electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), due to its structural and electronic merits, such as high conductivity, metallic band states and wide pH applicability. Here, a simple CVD process was developed for synthesis of a Mo2C on carbon cloth (Mo2C@CC) electrode with carbon cloth as carbon source and MoO3 as the Mo precursor. XRD, Raman, XPS and SEM results of Mo2C@CC with different amounts of MoO3 and growth temperatures suggested a two‐step synthetic mechanism, and porous Mo2C nanostructures were obtained on carbon cloth with 50 mg MoO3 at 850 °C (Mo2C‐850(50)). With the merits of unique porous nanostructures, a low overpotential of 72 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 52.8 mV dec−1 was achieved for Mo2C‐850(50) in 1.0 m KOH. The dual role of carbon cloth as electrode and carbon source resulted into intimate adhesion of Mo2C on carbon cloth, offering fast electron transfer at the interface. Cyclic voltammetry measurements for 5000 cycles revealed that Mo2C@CC had excellent electrochemical stability. This work provides a novel strategy for synthesizing Mo2C and other efficient carbide electrocatalysts for HER and other applications, such as supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries.
Two‐Dimensional Organometallic TM3–C12S12 Monolayers for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Liu Jin‐Hang , Yang Li‐Ming , Ganz Eric
Published: September 2019

Organometallic nanosheets are a versatile platform for design of efficient electrocatalyst materials due to their high surface area and uniform dispersion of metal active sites. In this paper, we systematically investigate the electrocatalytic performance of the first transition metal series TM3–C12S12 monolayers on CO2 using spin‐polarized density functional theory. The calculations show that TM3–C12S12 exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in the catalytic reduction in CO2. The main reduction products of Sc, Ti, and Cr are CH4. V, Mn, Fe and Zn mainly produce HCOOH, and Co produces HCHO, while CO is the main product for Ni and Cu. For Sc, Ti, and Cr, the overpotentials are >0.7 V, while for V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, the overpotentials are very low and range from 0.27 to 0.47 V. Therefore, our results indicate that many of the TM3–C12S12 monolayers are expected to be excellent and efficient CO2 reduction catalysts.