bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub-subleading soft graviton theorem from asymptotic Einstein’s equations
Authors: Freidel Laurent , Pranzetti Daniele , Raclariu Ana-Maria
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We identify in Einstein gravity an asymptotic spin-2 charge aspect whose conservation equation gives rise, after quantization, to the sub-subleading soft theorem. Our treatment reveals that this spin-2 charge generates a non-local spacetime symmetry represented at null infinity by pseudo-vector fields. Moreover, we demonstrate that the non-linear nature of Einstein’s equations is reflected in the Ward identity through collinear corrections to the sub-subleading soft theorem. Our analysis also provides a unified treatment of the universal soft theorems as conservation equations for the spin-0,-1,-2 canonical generators, while highlighting the important role played by the dual mass.
Holographic superconductivity in Einsteinian Cubic Gravity
Authors: Edelstein José D. , Grandi Nicolás , Sánchez Alberto Rivadulla
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We study the condensation of a charged scalar field in a (3 + 1)-dimensional asymptotically AdS background in the context of Einsteinian cubic gravity, featuring a holographic superconductor with higher curvature corrections corresponding to a CFT with a non-vanishing value of the stress tensor three-point function t4. As it was previously noticed for higher dimensional Gauss-Bonnet theory, we observe that the critical temperature of the superconducting phase transition is lowered as the higher curvature coupling grows.
Rings and strings: a basis for understanding subleading colour and QCD coherence beyond the two-jet limit
Authors: Forshaw Jeffrey R. , Holguin Jack , Plätzer Simon
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Guided by the colour-diagonal structure of collinear singularities, we identify a set of kinematic basis functions that are well suited to the simplification of soft gluon emission amplitudes. In particular, these basis functions, which emerge naturally in the colour flow basis, isolate the subleading colour contributions and improve the statistical convergence of the CVolver amplitude-evolution code. They also allow us to extend current angular-ordered parton showers beyond the azimuthally-averaged, two-jet limit.
General and age-specific fertility rates in non-affective psychosis: population-based analysis of Scottish women
Authors: MacBeth Angus , McSkimming Paula , Bhattacharya Sohinee , Park John , Gumley Andrew , St Clair David , Barry Sarah J. E.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Women diagnosed with non-affective psychosis have a lower general fertility rate (GFR) and age-specific fertility rate (ASFR) than women in the general population. Contemporary data on GFR in this group remain limited, despite substantive changes in prescribing and management. We calculated contemporary estimates of the GFR and ASFR for women diagnosed with non-affective psychosis compared with the general population of women without this diagnosis.

Methods

A population-based design combined routinely collected historical maternity and psychiatric data from two representative areas of Scotland. Women were included from the NHS Grampian or Greater Glasgow and Clyde areas and were aged 15–44 between 2005 and 2013 inclusive. The ‘exposed’ group had a diagnosis of non-affective psychosis (ICD-10 F20–F29) and was compared to the general population of 'unexposed' women in the same geographical areas.

Results

Annual GFR between 2005 and 2013 for women with non-affective psychosis varied from 9.6 to 21.3 live births/1000 women per year in the exposed cohort and 52.7 to 57.8 live births/1000 women per year in the unexposed cohort, a rate ratio (RR) of 0.28 [p < 0.001; 95% CI (0.24, 0.32)]. ASFR for all 5-year age groups was lower in the exposed cohort than amongst unexposed women.

Conclusion

We highlight continued low fertility rates in women with a diagnosis of non-affective psychosis, despite widespread availability of prolactin-sparing atypical antipsychotics. Accurate estimation of fertility rates remains crucial in developing needs-matched perinatal care for these women. Methodological improvements using routine datasets to investigate perinatal mental health are also urgently needed.
Correlations between 4β-hydroxycholesterol and hepatic and intestinal CYP3A4: protein expression, microsomal ex vivo activity, and in vivo activity in patients with a wide body weight range
Authors: Eide Kvitne Kine , Hole Kristine , Krogstad Veronica , Wollmann Birgit Malene , Wegler Christine , Johnson Line K. , Hertel Jens K. , Artursson Per , Karlsson Cecilia , Andersson Shalini , Andersson Tommy B. , Sandbu Rune , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Skovlund Eva , Christensen Hege , Jansson-Löfmark Rasmus , Åsberg Anders , Molden Espen , Robertsen Ida
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Variability in cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism is mainly caused by non-genetic factors, hence providing a need for accurate phenotype biomarkers. Although 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4βOHC) is a promising endogenous CYP3A4 biomarker, additional investigations are required to evaluate its ability to predict CYP3A4 activity. This study investigated the correlations between 4βOHC concentrations and hepatic and intestinal CYP3A4 protein expression and ex vivo microsomal activity in paired liver and jejunum samples, as well as in vivo CYP3A4 phenotyping (midazolam) in patients with a wide body weight range.

Methods

The patients (n = 96; 78 with obesity and 18 normal or overweight individuals) were included from the COCKTAIL-study (NCT02386917). Plasma samples for analysis of 4βOHC and midazolam concentrations, and liver (n = 56) and jejunal (n = 38) biopsies were obtained. The biopsies for determination of CYP3A4 protein concentration and microsomal activity were obtained during gastric bypass or cholecystectomy. In vivo CYP3A4 phenotyping was performed using semi-simultaneous oral (1.5 mg) and intravenous (1.0 mg) midazolam.

Results

4βOHC concentrations were positively correlated with hepatic microsomal CYP3A4 activity (ρ = 0.53,p < 0.001), and hepatic CYP3A4 concentrations (ρ = 0.30,p = 0.027), but not with intestinal CYP3A4 concentrations (ρ = 0.18,p = 0.28) or intestinal microsomal CYP3A4 activity (ρ = 0.15,p = 0.53). 4βOHC concentrations correlated weakly with midazolam absolute bioavailability (ρ =  − 0.23,p = 0.027) and apparent oral clearance (ρ = 0.28,p = 0.008), but not with systemic clearance (ρ =  − 0.03,p = 0.81).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that 4βOHC concentrations reflect hepatic, but not intestinal, CYP3A4 activity. Further studies should investigate the potential value of 4βOHC as an endogenous biomarker for individual dose requirements of intravenously administered CYP3A4 substrate drugs.

Trial registration

Clinical.Trials.gov identifier: NCT02386917.
Detection of reproductive trade-offs is influenced by resource availability and maintenance: an experimental study in the burying beetle (Nicrophorus vespilloides)
Authors: Wang Wenxia , Ma Long , Versteegh Maaike A. , Wu Hua , Komdeur Jan
Published: June 2022

Life-history theory predicts trade-offs between investment in current versus future reproduction. However, many studies find no or even positive correlations among these traits. The absence of the trade-off may result from resource availability, as it influences resource allocation to different traits. In addition, since large amounts of resources require additional effort in processing, resource maintenance may affect the detection of reproductive trade-offs. Here, we carried out two breeding attempts to assess the effects of resource availability and maintenance on reproductive trade-offs for both sexes in the burying beetle (Nicrophorus vespilloides). In the first breeding attempt, we simultaneously manipulated carcass size (small versus large) and carcass preparation (non-prepared versus prepared). In the second breeding attempt, we provided parents with same-sized, non-prepared carcasses. For both breeding attempts, we monitored the main and interactive effects of carcass size and carcass preparation on parental effort and reproductive outcome. In the first breeding attempt, males gained more weight and provided more care as carcass size increased, whereas females gained more weight but did not change their care. In addition, when breeding on non-prepared versus prepared carcasses, both parents provided more care and gained more weight. In the second breeding attempt, with increased investment for the first breeding, parents did not show decreased investment for the second brood, vice versa. In contrast, males breeding on large or non-prepared carcasses gained more weight during the first breeding attempt, then provided more care in subsequent reproduction. There were no differences in subsequent female care among different treatments.

Significance statement

Resource availability and resource maintenance may affect the detection of reproductive trade-offs. Here, we simultaneously manipulated carcass size and carcass preparation to assess these effects. This is the first time that the effects of resource availability and resource maintenance on reproductive trade-offs have been separated in burying beetles. Our findings suggest that despite the increased costs of parental care and resource maintenance, parents breeding on large or non-prepared carcasses gained more benefits in terms of increased body weight by staying longer and feeding more from the carcasses. Such benefits gained during the first breeding attempt offset the costs of current reproduction to some degree and masked the reproductive trade-off between current and future reproduction in terms of parental care. These findings enhance the understanding of the effects of resource availability and maintenance on reproductive trade-offs.
Body Contouring Using a Combination of Pulsed Ultrasound and Unipolar Radio Frequency: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Urdiales-Gálvez Fernando , Martín-Sánchez Sandra , Maíz-Jiménez Mónica , Viruel-Ortega Esther
Published: June 2022

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of a new non-invasive body contouring device in patients with localized fat in abdomen or in abdomen and hips. Additionally, we also evaluated the patient satisfaction with the procedure.

Methods

Prospective and non-randomized open label study. The patients underwent four sessions, separated by 1 week each, with the Alma PrimeX, a non-invasive body contouring device that combines pulsed non-focus ultrasound and a Unipolar radiofrequency. The primary end point was the mean change in fat tissue thickness, assessed by diagnostic ultrasound, from baseline to 3-months after the last treatment-session.

Results

Fifteen subjects were evaluated. As compared to pre-treatment thickness, Hodges-Lehmann median difference (95% CI) was − 85.3 (− 107.5 to − 62.0) mm, p = 0.0001; − 70.3 (− 95.0 to − 48.5) mm, p = 0.0001; − 100.0 (− 140.5 to − 49.5) mm, p = 0.0039; and − 71.8 (− 132.5 to − 23.0) mm, p = 0.0078 in infraumbilical, supraumbilical, right hip, and left hip, respectively. Pretreatment fat volume was significantly reduced from 32.9% to 31.2%, p = 0.0006. The median (interquartile range) degree of patient satisfaction was 4.0 (1.0–5.0), with 13 (86.7%) patients being “Highly satisfied” or “Satisfied” with the treatment results. The most common adverse event was discomfort, followed by erythema. All the adverse events were mild and were successfully resolved without treatment.

Conclusions

Combine therapy of a Pulsed non-focus ultrasound and Unipolar radiofrequency using the non-invasive device Alma PrimeX was an effective and safe treatment for reducing fat tissue thickness in abdomen and hips in patients with localized fat. Patients’ satisfaction with the procedure was high.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Investigating the Safety of Multiple Body Contouring Procedures in Massive Weight Loss Patients
Authors: Ibrahiem Saad Mohamed Saad
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Deformities after massive weight loss are usually severe and affect many parts of the body, negatively impacting patients’ social and intimate lives. A common request of patients after massive weight loss is to treat more than one anatomical area in one surgical procedure. Advantages include a single recovery period, lower surgical costs, and faster patient satisfaction. Disadvantages may include increased need for blood transfusions, longer hospital stay, and increased risk of common complications.

Objective

The main objective of the study is to compare operative risk, hospital length of stay, complication rate, and patient satisfaction in MWLP according to the number of surgical procedures performed in the same surgical setting.

Patients and Methods

This is a retrospective case–control study of 653 MWLP who underwent multiple contouring procedures simultaneously in a single surgical procedure. All patients underwent surgery between 2016 and 2020. The patients studied were divided into 4 groups according to the number of anatomical areas operated on.

Results

A total of 1254 body contouring procedures were included in the study. Follow-up time ranged from 13 to 41 months, with a mean of 17 months. The mean age in the study was 33 years old. Women accounted for 78% of the studied population and men accounted for 22%.

The overall complication rate (major and minor) was 105 cases (16.07%) in all groups

Conclusion

Patient satisfaction was highest in patients who underwent 2–3 procedures within the same surgical setting compared to patients who underwent +3 procedures. Nevertheless, this is clinically insignificant.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
A further study comparing forward search multivariate outlier methods including ATLA with an application to clustering
Authors: Clarke Brenton R. , Grose Andrew
Published: June 2022

This paper makes comparisons of automated procedures for robust multivariate outlier detection through discussion and simulation. In particular, automated procedures that use the forward search along with Mahalanobis distances to identify and classify multivariate outliers subject to predefined criteria are examined. Procedures utilizing a parametric model criterion based on a$$\chi ^2$$χ2-distribution are among these, whereas the multivariate Adaptive Trimmed Likelihood Algorithm (ATLA) identifies outliers based on an objective function that is derived from the asymptotics of the location estimator assuming a multivariate normal distribution. Several criterion including size (false positive rate), sensitivity, and relative efficiency are canvassed. To illustrate relative efficiency in a multivariate setting in a new way, measures of variability of the multivariate location parameter when the underlying distribution is chosen from a multivariate generalization of the Tukey–Huber$$\epsilon $$ϵ-contamination model are used. Mean slippage models are also entertained. The simulation results here are illuminating and demonstrate there is no broadly accepted procedure that outperforms in all situations, albeit one may ascertain circumstances for which a particular method may be best if implemented. Finally the paper explores graphical monitoring for existence of clusters and the potential of classification through occurrence of multiple minima in the objective function using ATLA.
A finite element based optimization algorithm to include diffusion into the analysis of DCE-MRI
Authors: Sainz-DeMena Diego , Ye Wenfeng , Pérez María Ángeles , García-Aznar José Manuel
Published: June 2022

Pharmacokinetic (PK) models are used to extract physiological information from dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) sequences. Some of the most common models employed in clinical practice, such as the standard Tofts model (STM) or the extended Tofts model (ETM), do not account for passive delivery of contrast agent (CA) through diffusion. In this work, we introduce a diffusive term based on the concept of effective diffusivity into a finite element (FE) implementation of the ETM formulation, obtaining a new formulation for the diffusion-corrected ETM (D-ETM). A gradient-based optimization algorithm is developed to characterize the vascular properties of the tumour from the CA concentration curves obtained from imaging clinical data. To test the potential of our approach, several theoretical distributions of CA concentration are generated on a benchmark problem and a real tumour geometry. The vascular properties used to generate these distributions are estimated from an inverse analysis based on both the ETM and the D-ETM approaches. The outcome of these analyses shows the limitations of the ETM to retrieve accurate parameters in the presence of diffusion. The ETM returns smoothed distributions of vascular properties, reaching unphysical values in some of them, while the D-ETM accurately depicted the heterogeneity of KTrans, v$$_{e}$$

e

and v$$_{p}$$

p

distributions (mean absolute relative difference (ARD) of 16%, 15% and 9%, respectively, for the real geometry case) keeping all their values within their physiological ranges, outperforming the ETM.
S100A1 expression characterizes terminally differentiated superficial cells in the urothelium of the murine bladder and ureter
Authors: Qasrawi Fairouz , Meuser Max , Lehnhoff Finja , Schulte Marjenna , Kispert Andreas
Published: June 2022

The urothelium is a stratified epithelium that lines the inner surface of the components of the urinary drainage system. It is composed of a layer of basal cells, one or several layers of intermediate cells, and a layer of large luminal superficial or umbrella cells. In the mouse, only a small set of markers is available that allows easy molecular distinction of these urothelial cell types. Here, we analyzed expression of S100A1, a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins, in the urothelium of the two major organs of the murine urinary tract, the ureter and the bladder. Using RNA in situ hybridization analysis, we found exclusive expression of S100a1 mRNA in luminal cells of the ureter from embryonic day (E)17.5 onwards and of the bladder from E15.5 to adulthood. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that expression of S100A1 protein is confined to terminally differentiated superficial cells of both the ureter and bladder where it localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. We conclude that S100A1 is a suitable marker for mature superficial cells in the urothelial lining of the drainage system of the developing and mature mouse.
Endoscopic duodenal stenting is efficient, but has higher rate of reoperations than gastrojejunostomy in palliative treatment for gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Laitamäki Matti , Tyrväinen Tuula , Lehto Juho T. , Laukkarinen Johanna , Ukkonen Mika
Published: June 2022

Background

Surgical gastrojejunostomy has traditionally been the palliative treatment of choice for patients with advanced malignancies and gastric outlet obstruction syndrome. Recently, palliative endoscopic duodenal stenting has increased in popularity. We report outcomes after gastrojejunostomy and duodenal stenting when used for palliative indications.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing palliative gastrojejunostomy or palliative endoscopic duodenal stenting in a Finnish tertiary referral center between January 2015 and December 2020 were included. The postoperative outcomes of these two palliative interventions were compared. The main outcome measures were mortality and morbidity, rate of reoperations, postoperative oral intake ability, and length of hospital stay.

Results

A total of 88 patients, 46 (52%) patients underwent palliative gastrojejunostomy and 42 (48%) duodenal stenting. All patients had malignant disease, most typically hepatopancreatic cancer. Nineteen (44%) patients in duodenal stenting group and 4 (8.7%) patients in gastrojejunostomy group required subsequent interventions due to persisting or progressing symptoms (p < 0.001). Median delay until first oral intake was 2 days (1–24) after gastrojejunostomy and 0 days (0–3) after stenting (p < 0.001). Postoperative morbidity was 30% after gastrojejunostomy and 45% after stenting (p < 0.001). Median length of hospital stay was 7 days (1–27) after surgery and 5 days (0–20) after endoscopy (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Patients undergoing endoscopic duodenal stenting are more able to initiate rapid oral intake and have shorter hospital stay. On the other hand, there are significantly more reoperations in stenting group. If the patient’s life expectancy is short, we recommend stenting, but for patients whose life expectancy is longer, gastrojejunostomy could be a better procedure, for the reasons mentioned above.
Role of the soluble epoxide hydrolase in the hair follicle stem cell homeostasis and hair growth
Authors: Naeem Zumer , Zukunft Sven , Günther Stephan , Liebner Stefan , Weigert Andreas , Hammock Bruce D. , Frömel Timo , Fleming Ingrid
Published: June 2022

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are used as traditional remedies to treat hair loss, but the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects are not well understood. Here, we explored the role of PUFA metabolites generated by the cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway in the regulation of the hair follicle cycle. Histological analysis of the skin from wild-type and sEH−/− mice revealed that sEH deletion delayed telogen to anagen transition, and the associated activation of hair follicle stem cells. Interestingly, EdU labeling during the late anagen stage revealed that hair matrix cells from sEH−/− mice proliferated at a greater rate which translated into increased hair growth. Similar effects were observed in in vitro studies using hair follicle explants, where a sEH inhibitor was also able to augment whisker growth in follicles from wild-type mice. sEH activity in the dorsal skin was not constant but altered with the cell cycle, having the most prominent effects on levels of the linoleic acid derivatives 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME), and 12,13-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-DiHOME). Fitting with this, the sEH substrate 12,13-EpOME significantly increased hair shaft growth in isolated anagen stage hair follicles, while its diol; 12,13-DiHOME, had no effect. RNA sequencing of isolated hair matrix cells implicated altered Wnt signaling in the changes associated with sEH deletion. Taken together, our data indicate that the activity of the sEH in hair follicle changes during the hair follicle cycle and impacts on two stem cell populations, i.e., hair follicle stem cells and matrix cells to affect telogen to anagen transition and hair growth.
AFM-based nanoindentation indicates an impaired cortical stiffness in the AAV-PCSK9DY atherosclerosis mouse model
Authors: Achner Leonie , Klersy Tobias , Fels Benedikt , Reinberger Tobias , Schmidt Cosima X. , Groß Natalie , Hille Susanne , Müller Oliver J. , Aherrahrou Zouhair , Kusche-Vihrog Kristina , Raasch Walter
Published: June 2022

Investigating atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction has mainly become established in genetically modified ApoE−/− or LDL-R−/− mice transgenic models. A new AAV-PCSK9DYDY mouse model with no genetic modification has now been reported as an alternative atherosclerosis model. Here, we aimed to employ this AAV-PCSK9DY mouse model to quantify the mechanical stiffness of the endothelial surface, an accepted hallmark for endothelial dysfunction and forerunner for atherosclerosis. Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 N mice were injected with AAV-PCSK9DY (0.5, 1 or 5 × 1011 VG) or saline as controls and fed with Western diet (1.25% cholesterol) for 3 months. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured after 6 and 12 weeks. Aortic sections were used for atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements or histological analysis using Oil-Red-O staining. Mechanical properties of in situ endothelial cells derived from ex vivo aorta preparations were quantified using AFM-based nanoindentation. Compared to controls, an increase in plasma TC and TG and extent of atherosclerosis was demonstrated in all groups of mice in a viral load-dependent manner. Cortical stiffness of controls was 1.305 pN/nm and increased (10%) in response to viral load (≥ 0.5 × 1011 VG) and positively correlated with the aortic plaque content and plasma TC and TG. For the first time, we show changes in the mechanical properties of the endothelial surface and thus the development of endothelial dysfunction in the AAV-PCSK9DY mouse model. Our results demonstrate that this model is highly suitable and represents a good alternative to the commonly used transgenic mouse models for studying atherosclerosis and other vascular pathologies.
Interpreting and assessing confidence in network meta-analysis results: an introduction for clinicians
Authors: Yang Alan , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Aoyama Kazuyoshi
Published: June 2022

Purpose

We aimed to provide clinicians with introductory guidance for interpreting and assessing confidence in on Network meta-analysis (NMA) results.

Methods

We reviewed current literature on NMA and summarized key points.

Results

Network meta-analysis (NMA) is a statistical method for comparing the efficacy of three or more interventions simultaneously in a single analysis by synthesizing both direct and indirect evidence across a network of randomized clinical trials. It has become increasingly popular in healthcare, since direct evidence (head-to-head randomized clinical trials) are not always available. NMA methods are categorized as either Bayesian or frequentist, and while the two mostly provide similar results, the two approaches are theoretically different and require different interpretations of the results.

Conclusions

We recommend a careful approach to interpreting NMA results and the validity of an NMA depends on its underlying statistical assumptions and the quality of the evidence used in the NMA.
The impact of a structured weight-loss treatment on physical fitness in patients with psoriatic arthritis and obesity compared to matched controls: a prospective interventional study
Authors: Bilberg Annelie , Larsson Ingrid , Björkman Sofia , Eliasson Björn , Klingberg Eva
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of weight loss treatment on physical fitness in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and obesity compared to matched controls.

Methods

In total, 46 patients with PsA (CASPAR) and BMI ≥ 33 kg/m2 and 52 obese persons were included in this 12-month prospective open intervention study with a very low energy diet (640 kcal/day), followed by structured reintroduction of an energy-restricted diet and brief support for physical activity. The primary outcome was muscle strength assessed with hand-grip strength (Grippit) and leg muscle strength (timed stand test). Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and physical functioning (SF-36PCS). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6 (M6), and 12 months (M12). Nonparametric statistics were used.

Results

Median weight reduction at M6 was 18.9 kg in patients and 23.0 kg in controls, (p = 0.546). At M12, patients’ median weight loss from baseline was 16.1 kg, corresponding with significant loss of total fat mass (− 30.1%), and lean mass (total − 7.0%, arm − 13.7%, and leg − 6.0%). Leg muscle strength improved in patients and controls at M6 (p < 0.001) and remained improved at M12 (p < 0.01), while hand-grip strength was unchanged in both groups. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased in controls at M6 (p = 0.018) and M12 (p = 0.028) but not in patients. Physical functioning improved in both groups at M6 (p < 0.001) and remained improved at M12 (p = 0.008) and (p < 0.01), respectively.

Conclusion

The intervention resulted in positive effects on body weight and total body fat. Despite reduced lean body mass, the muscle strength did not deteriorate in patients with PsA and controls.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02917434, registered on September 21, 2016-retrospectively registered.

Key Points• Patients with PsA and obesity can benefit from weight loss treatment without the risk of deterioration in muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness.• Muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness were below suggested normative values for the majority of the patients at all time points, implying that more structured exercise strategies might be warranted to counteract physical fitness deficiencies in patients with PsA undergoing weight loss treatment.
Simplified Histologic Mucosal Healing Scheme (SHMHS) for inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide multicenter study of performance and applicability
Authors: Caputo A. , Parente P. , Cadei M. , Fassan M. , Rispo A. , Leoncini G. , Bassotti G. , Del Sordo R. , Metelli C. , Daperno M. , Armuzzi A. , Villanacci V. ,   The SHMHS Study Group
Published: June 2022

Background

Assessment of mucosal healing is important for the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but endoscopy can miss microscopic disease areas that may relapse. Histological assessment is informative, but no single scoring system is widely adopted. We previously proposed an eight-item histological scheme for the easy, fast reporting of disease activity in the intestine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of our Simplified Histologic Mucosal Healing Scheme (SHMHS).

Methods

Between April and May 2021 pathologists and gastroenterologists in Italy were invited to contribute to this multicenter study by providing data on single endoscopic–histological examinations for their IBD patients undergoing treatment. Disease activity was expressed using SHMHS (maximum score, 8) and either Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (categorized into grades 0–3) or Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (range 0–3).

Results

Thirty hospitals provided data on 597 patients (291 Crohn’s disease; 306 ulcerative colitis). The mean SHMHS score was 2.96 (SD = 2.42) and 66.8% of cases had active disease (score ≥ 2). The mean endoscopic score was 1.23 (SD = 1.05), with 67.8% having active disease (score ≥ 1). Histologic and endoscopic scores correlated (Spearman’s ρ = 0.76), and scores for individual SHMHS items associated directly with endoscopic scores (chi-square p < 0.001, all comparisons). Between IBD types, scores for SHMHS items reflected differences in presentation, with cryptitis more common and erosions/ulcerations less common in Crohn’s disease, and the distal colon more affected in ulcerative colitis.

Conclusions

SHMHS captures the main histological features of IBD. Routine adoption may simplify pathologist workload while ensuring accurate reporting for clinical decision making.
A Case for Playful Engagement: Synchrony and Interaction Quality During Mirroring in ASD. Conceptual Framework and Case Study
Authors: Manders Elizabeth , Koch Sabine C. , Fuchs Thomas
Published: June 2022

The social challenges in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can present as qualitative differences in interactions that make individuals on the autism spectrum appear less engaged with others. Limited interactional synchrony and other nonverbal movement patterns may contribute to these qualitative differences. This article uses the case of Hans, an adult on the autism spectrum, to describe patterns of synchrony and interaction quality during mirroring activities in dance/movement therapy. Raters scored videos of Hans and his partners on affective engagement, flow of the interaction, and interpersonal synchrony. They also qualitatively described his movements and interactions. Hans consistently participated in mirroring, but showed different patterns of attention and engagement when leading, following, interacting, or dancing in an open-ended dance. Hans was able to move in synchrony with partners, showed positive affect, and increased his movement repertoire by returning to others’ movements in later sessions. He was the most engaged when following a playful movement theme with a dance/movement therapy student partner. His affective engagement increased, but only in the less structured open-ended dance and only across the five sessions with this same dance/movement therapy student partner, and not when the sessions with his other partners, including others on the autism spectrum, were included. This points to a potential need to have dance/movement therapists model developing a movement relationship using flexible and playful contexts to emotionally engage the individual and reflect the complexity of everyday social situations. We present clinical recommendations and suggestions for future studies.
Fine-scale fern ecological responses inform on riparian forest habitat conservation status
Authors: Bonari Gianmaria , Fattorini Niccolò , Fruchter Sophie Rose , Angiolini Claudia , Baragatti Elisa , Landi Marco
Published: June 2022

The recognition of the ecological quality of ecosystems and habitats therein is increasingly important in the Anthropocene. However, there are still scarcely explored ways of how and what to assess to obtain a sound ecological status of habitats. Ferns are an understudied plant group, especially given their usefulness as ecological indicators. Disentangling biotic and abiotic factors that drive fine-scale fern distribution could provide insight into the quality of their habitats. We investigated the environmental factors affecting the distribution of different largely distributed fern species in Europe. We studied their presence and abundance at different life stages in a forest habitat of European priority conservation concern. Our aim was to understand whether fern species can be used as an ecological indicator group in riparian alderwood habitat. We sampled 120 plots of 50 m2 in randomly selected transects along streams of a riparian forest habitat characterized by the presence of many fern species in the understory, controlling for the effects of geology and elevation. Within each plot, fern species were recorded, including vegetative and generative stages of each ramet (rosette of fronds). We modelled fern occurrence and abundance for the different fern life stages, and diversity indices of the fern community in relation to environmental predictors. We found that population- and community-level responses of ferns mainly depended on soil granulometry and, to a lesser extent, moss cover and stream orientation. We also found that the generative life stage compared to the vegetative adult stage benefits from different ecological characteristics for certain fern species. Alterations of the natural hydrology might lead to a general deterioration in habitat quality for ferns. We suggest that some fern species acting as early-warning species, and potentially their life stages, can be used as an ecological quality indicator for riparian forest habitats. This study deepened the understanding of the fine-scale ecology of an array of European ferns in riparian forests and provides valuable information to assist in the conservation of fern species and their populations.
A meiotic driver alters sperm form and function in house mice: a possible example of spite
Authors: Winkler Lennart , Lindholm Anna K.
Published: June 2022

The ability to subvert independent assortment of chromosomes is found in many meiotic drivers, such as thethaplotype in house miceMus musculus, in which thet-bearing chromosomal homolog is preferentially transmitted to offspring. This is explained by a poison-antidote system, in which developing + andtsperm in testes of + /tmales are exposed to ‘poison’ coded bytloci, from whichtsperm are protected, allowingtsperm an overwhelming fertilisation advantage in monogamous matings. This system is thought to result in poorly and normally motile sperm subpopulations within + /tsperm, leavingtsperm unharmed. Conversely, we found that the fastest quartile of sperm from + /tmales swam more slowly, both forwards and along their travel path, and had reduced straightness and linearity, compared to the fastest quartile of + / + sperm. Moreover, sperm from + /tmales had shorter tails and narrower heads than + / + sperm, and these morphological differences covaried with motility differences. Finally, + /ttraits did not show evidence of bimodal distributions. We conclude that thethaplotype drive results in lasting damage to the motility of both + andtdeveloping sperm, although previous studies indicate that + must be more harmed thantsperm. This damage to all sperm may explain the low success of + /tmales in sperm competition with + / + males, seen in earlier studies. We propose that the harm thetcauses to itself could be termed ‘spiteful’, which may also be common to other gamete-harming meiotic drive systems.
Simulating local fields in carbon nanotube-reinforced composites for infinite strip with voids
Authors: Nasser Mohamed M. S. , Kalmoun El Mostafa , Mityushev Vladimir , Rylko Natalia
Published: June 2022

A numerical simulation of the thermal properties is conducted for an isotropic and homogeneous infinite strip composite reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and containing voids. The CNTs can be uniformly or randomly distributed but are non-overlapping. We model the CNTs as thin perfectly conducting elliptic inclusions and assume the voids to be of circular shape and act as barriers to heat flow. We also impose isothermal conditions on the external boundaries by assuming the lower infinite wall to be a heater under a given temperature, and the upper wall to be a cooler that can be held at a lower fixed temperature. The mathematical model, which takes the form of a mixed Dirichlet–Neumann problem, is solved by applying the boundary integral equation with the generalized Neumann kernel. We illustrate the performance of the proposed method through several numerical examples including the case of the presence of a large number of CNTs and voids.
Molecular identification and habitat requirements of the hybrid Ranunculus circinatus × R. fluitans and its parental taxa R. circinatus and R. fluitans in running waters
Authors: Gebler Daniel , Zalewska-Gałosz Joanna , Jopek Magdalena , Szoszkiewicz Krzysztof
Published: June 2022

Ranunculus species grouped in the section Batrachium (water crowfoots) indicate the most valuable fluvial habitat in Europe under the EU Habitats Directive, and recognition of their environmental preferences plays a crucial role in efficient conservation. Moreover, water crowfoots are used in various monitoring systems throughout Europe. The aim of this study was to identify the distribution patterns of two common water crowfoot species (Ranunculus fluitans, R. circinatus) and their hybrid (R. circinatus × R. fluitans) in relation to environmental variables in rivers. Various chemical and hydromorphological parameters were estimated for 54 river sites where 58 different Batrachium populations were recorded. Our study revealed the most distinct positive reaction of R. fluitans to rhithral conditions characterized by rapid currents and coarse substrate. R. circinatus × R. fluitans preferred larger channels, although this taxon also flourished in rhithral rivers. The preferences of R. circinatus were not so evident confirming its occurrence under a wide range of habitat conditions. The ecological reaction of the hybrid was compared with its parental species, revealing their ecological specificity, which is useful in designing appropriate conservation programmes.
A hybrid genetic algorithm for parallel machine scheduling with setup times
Authors: Adan J.
Published: June 2022

This paper addresses the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with sequence and machine dependent setup times and machine eligibility constraints. The objective is to minimize the maximum completion time (makespan). Instances of more than 500 jobs and 50 machines are not uncommon in industry. Such large instances become increasingly challenging to provide high-quality solutions within limited amount of computational time, but so far, have not been adequately addressed in recent literature. A hybrid genetic algorithm is developed, which is lean in the sense that is equipped with a minimal number of parameters and operators, and which is enhanced with an effective local search operator, specifically targeted to solve large instances. For evaluation purposes a new set of larger problems is generated, consisting of up to 800 jobs and 60 machines. An extensive comparative study shows that the proposed method performs significantly better compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms, especially for the new larger instances. Also, it is demonstrated that calibration is crucial and in practice it should be targeted at a narrower set of representative instances.
Cultural Protection from Polysubstance Use Among Native American Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Brockie Teresa N. , Campbell Jacquelyn C. , Dana-Sacco Gail , Farley Jason , Belcher Harolyn M. E. , Kub Joan , Nelson Katie E. , Ivanich Jerreed D. , Yang Li , Wallen Gwenyth , Wetsit Lawrence , Wilcox Holly C.
Published: June 2022

Reservation-based Native American youth are at disproportionate risk for high-risk substance use. The culture-as-treatment hypothesis suggests aspects of tribal culture can support prevention and healing in this context; however, the protective role of communal mastery and tribal identity have yet to be fully explored. The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the relationship between cultural factors and high-risk substance use, which includes polysubstance use, early initiation of alcohol and illicit drugs, and binge drinking, and (2) substance use frequency and prevalence of various substances via cross-sectional design. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to analyze data from 288 tribal members (15–24 years of age) residing on/near the Fort Peck Reservation in the Northern Plains. When controlling for childhood trauma and school attendance, having at least a high school education (OR = 0.434, p = 0.028), increased communal mastery (OR = 0.931, p = 0.007), and higher levels of tribal identity (OR = 0.579, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with lower odds of polysubstance use. Overall prevalence of polysubstance use was 50%, and binge drinking had the highest single substance prevalence (66%). Prevalence of early initiation of substances (≤ 14 years) was inhalants (70%), alcohol (61%), marijuana (74%), methamphetamine (23%), and prescription drug misuse (23%). Hydrocodone, an opioid, was the most frequently misused prescription drug. Findings indicate programs focused on promoting education engagement, communal mastery, and tribal identity may mitigate substance use for Native American adolescents living in high-risk, reservation-based settings.
Special Considerations for Women of Reproductive Age on Anticoagulation
Authors: Azenkot Tali , Schwarz Eleanor Bimla
Published: June 2022

Anticoagulation poses unique challenges for women of reproductive age. Clinicians prescribing anticoagulants must counsel patients on issues ranging from menstruation and the possibility of developing a hemorrhagic ovarian cyst to teratogenic risks and safety with breastfeeding. Abnormal uterine bleeding affects up to 70% of young women who are treated with anticoagulation. As such, thoughtful clinical guidance is required to avoid having young women who are troubled by their menses, dose reduce, or prematurely discontinue their anticoagulation, leaving them at increased risk of recurrent thrombosis. Informed by a review of the medical literature, we present current recommendations for assisting patients requiring anticoagulation with menstrual management, prevention of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts, and avoiding unintended pregnancy. The subdermal implant may be considered a first-line option for those requiring anticoagulation, given its superior contraceptive effectiveness and ability to reliably reduce risk of hemorrhagic ovarian cysts. All progestin-only formulations—such as the subdermal implant, intrauterine device, injection, or pills—are generally preferred over combined hormonal pills, patch, or ring. Tranexamic acid, and in rare cases endometrial ablation, may also be useful in managing menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea. During pregnancy, enoxaparin remains the preferred anticoagulant and warfarin is contraindicated. Breastfeeding women may use warfarin, but direct oral anticoagulants are not recommended given their limited safety data. This practical guide for clinicians is designed to inform discussions of risks and benefits of anticoagulation therapy for women of reproductive age.
The Effect of Standardized Hospitalist Information Cards on the Patient Experience: a Quasi-Experimental Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abid Muhammad Hasan , Lucier David J. , Hidrue Michael K. , Geisler Benjamin P.
Published: June 2022

Background

Communication with clinicians is an important component of a hospitalized patient’s experience.

Objective

To test the impact of standardized hospitalist information cards on the patient experience.

Design

Quasi-experimental study in a U.S. tertiary-care center.

Participants

All-comer medicine inpatients.

Interventions

Standardized hospitalist information cards containing name and information on a hospitalist’s role and availability vs. usual care.

Main Measures

Patients’ rating of the overall communication as excellent (“top-box” score); qualitative feedback summarized via inductive coding.

Key Results

Five hundred sixty-six surveys from 418 patients were collected for analysis. In a multivariate regression model, standardized hospitalist information cards significantly improved the odds of a “top-box” score on overall communication (odds ratio: 2.32; 95% confidence intervals: 1.07–5.06). Other statistically significant covariates were patient age (0.98, 0.97–0.99), hospitalist role (physician vs. advanced practice provider, 0.56; 0.38–0.81), and hospitalist-patient gender combination (female-female vs. male-male, 2.14; 1.35–3.40). Eighty-seven percent of patients found the standardized hospitalist information cards useful, the perceived most useful information being how to contact the hospitalist and knowing their schedule.

Conclusions

Hospitalized patients’ experience of their communication with hospitalists may be improved by using standardized hospitalist information cards. Younger patients cared for by a team with an advanced practice provider, as well as female patients paired with female providers, were more likely to be satisfied with the overall communication. Assessing the impact of information cards should be studied in other settings to confirm generalizability.