bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twenty-Four–hour Duration of Effect of Intranasal Corticosteroids for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms: Clinical Evidence and Relevance
Authors: DuBuske Lawrence M.
Published: July 2012

Background

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) symptoms are often most severe and/or disruptive during overnight and morning hours, resulting in cognitive/performance impairments and reduced quality of life throughout the following day. Surveys of allergy patients and health care practitioners reveal a common perception that intranasal steroids (INSs), many of which are dosed q.d., fail to adequately relieve symptoms for a full 24 hours. This review assessed whether perceptions of the 24-hour duration of action of INSs correspond with duration of action documented in clinical literature.

Methods

SAR clinical trial literature of the last 5 years was reviewed to identify studies of INSs incorporating morning instantaneous (A.M. NOW) or instantaneous assessments of 24-hour duration of action.

Results

In numerous placebo-controlled trials of INSs in patients with SAR, treatment was associated with significantly greater improvements in A.M. NOW symptoms from baseline versus placebo. For congestion, this is noteworthy, because patients often cite this symptom, especially in the morning, as the most bothersome symptom. Comparison of A.M. NOW and daily scores suggests minimal drop in efficacy at 24 hours postdose. In several studies, INS treatment was found superior to intranasal or oral antihistamines in A.M. NOW symptom improvement.

Conclusion

Once-daily INSs have potential for effective 24-hour symptom relief; however, there is an apparent disconnect between these findings and patient/physician perceptions. This discrepancy may be explained, in part, by less-than-ideal treatment adherence among “real-world” patients versus subjects treated in clinical trials. Proactive counseling can encourage proper INS use and help maximize treatment benefits.
Increased Expression of Intelectin-1 in Nasal Polyps
Authors: Park Il-Ho , Park Se-Jin , Cho Jung-Sun , Moon You-Mi , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Sang Hag , Lee Heung-Man
Published: July 2012

Background

Intelectin-1 is a new type of Ca2+-dependant soluble lectin in humans that has affinity for galactofuranose in carbohydrate chains of bacterial cell walls, indicating that intelectin-1 may play a role in immune defense against bacteria. The purpose of the current study was to determine the expression of intelectin-1 mRNA and protein and to localize intelectin-1 protein in nasal polyps and tissues from control subjects.

Methods

Normal sphenoid sinus mucosa was obtained from 10 patients undergoing surgery for pituitary tumor. Nasal polyp samples were obtained from 10 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for intelectin-1 mRNA. Immunofluorescent staining was done for localization of intelectin-1 and quantitatively analyzed using computer-based image analysis. Western blot analysis was performed.

Results

Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that intelectin-1 expression in nasal polyps was increased compared with normal sinus mucosa. Using immunofluorescent staining, intelectin-1 was strongly stained in epithelium and submucosa of nasal polyps, and faint staining was found in normal sinus mucosa.

Conclusions

Intelectin-1 is expressed in human sinus mucosa and is increased in patients with nasal polyps. These results suggest a possible contribution for intelectin-1 in the pathophysiology of nasal polyps.
Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicine Compared with a Macrolide in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps
Authors: Jiang Rong-San , Wu Shang-Heng , Tsai Chen-Chen , Li Ya-Hsin , Liang Kai-Li
Published: July 2012

Background

This study was designed to examine the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without nasal polyps.

Methods

Patients with CRS without nasal polyps were enrolled in the study. Before treatment, they were evaluated by the Taiwanese version of the 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (TWSNOT-20), nasal endoscopy, saccharin test, and bacterial culture. Then, they were randomized to take CHM (Tsang-Erh-San extract granules and Houttuynia extract powder) or erythromycin for 8 weeks. After treatment, they were evaluated again by the TWSNOT-20, nasal endoscopy, saccharin test, and bacterial culture.

Results

Fifty-three patients completed the study with 26 in the CHM group and 27 in the erythromycin group. In both the CHM and the erythromycin groups, TWSNOT-20 scores significantly decreased after treatment, but the decrease was not significantly different between the two groups. However, the saccharin transit times were shortened in more patients in the CHM group than in patients in the erythromycin group.

Conclusion

Our results showed CHM had an efficacy similar to that of macrolides in the treatment of CRS without nasal polyps. However, a placebo effect remained possible in both treatment groups.
Intramucosal Bacterial Microcolonies Exist in Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Inducing a Local Immune Response
Authors: Wood Andrew J. , Fraser John D. , Swift Simon , Patterson-Emanuelson Emma A.C. , Amirapu Satya , Douglas Richard G.
Published: July 2012

Background

Although chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) causes very significant morbidity, much about its pathogenesis remains uncertain. Recent studies have identified polymicrobial biofilms on the surface of sinus mucosa and Staphylococcus aureus within the sinus mucosa of patients with CRS, both with and without nasal polyps. The pathogenic implications of intramucosal bacteria in CRS are unknown. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and species of bacterial colonies within the sinus mucosa of adult patients with and without CRS and to describe the relationship of these bacterial colonies to the host immune response.

Methods

Sinus mucosa from patients with and without CRS was examined using Gram and Giemsa staining, immunohistochemistry, bacterial culture, and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques.

Results

Bacterial microcolonies were observed within the mucosa in 14 of 18 patients with CRS. In 10 of these patients colonies were positively identified as S. aureus. Staphylococcal microcolonies were observed at a lower level (1 of 8 patients) in normal sinus mucosa. There was no correlation between detection of S. aureus on the mucosal surface and microcolonization of the mucosa. Surprisingly, there was no evidence of an immune reaction to microcolonies. Indeed, fewer T lymphocytes (p = 0.03) and eosinophils (p = 0.03) were counted immediately surrounding the microcolonies compared with uninfected areas of the same tissue.

Conclusion

Bacterial microcolonies are prevalent within paranasal sinus mucosa and are commonly S. aureus. These microcolonies do not provoke immune detection and may represent a phenotype that actively evades host immunity. This may underpin the rcalcitrance of CRS to antibiotic therapy. These findings challenge classic views of both infection and mucosal immunity in human chronic disease. The presence of intramucosal bacteria in samples of normal sinus mucosa also questions the sensitivity of detecting nasal carriage of pathogens by swabbing the surface of the anterior nares.
Determination of Reaction and Reorganization Free Energies of Electron Transfer Reactions under Restricted Geometry Conditions
Authors: Lopez-Lopez Manuel , Sanchez Francisco , Marchena María
Published: July 2012

In this paper, different methods of obtaining the two parameters controlling the rate of electron transfer processes (reaction and reorganization free energies, Λ and Δ G0’, respectively) under restricted geometry conditions are considered. The main difficulty of accomplishing this comes from lack of knowledge of the properties in the interfacial region, where the reaction occurs. A general method has been presented and illustrated with the study of intermolecular processes in micelles. This method is optimized when the free energies for (at least) the three reactions required are quite different. For excited state electron transfer, the general approach is based on the appearance of the so-called Marcus inverted region: at the starting point of this region the value of Δ G0’ gives the value of Λ directly. These reaction free energies also present some uncertainties because in their calculation it is necessary to know the value of the local dielectric constant. Finally, it should be mentioned that some authors have suggested that the treatments for electron transfer reactions could not be applicable under restricted conditions. However, experiments do seem to show the applicability of the Marcus-Hush treatment under these conditions.
1H Nmr Technique for Kinetic Investigation of Equilibrium between the Z- and E-Isomers in a Stable Phosphorus Ylide Involving a 2-Indolinone
Authors: Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa Habibi , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Aghdaei Elham , Shahraki Mehdi
Published: July 2012

For the first time, a kinetic investigation of the interchange process in the equilibrium between the Z- and E-isomers of a stable phosphorus ylide involving a 2-indolinone has been undertaken by the 1H NMR technique. Activation parameters such as k-1, k1, ktotal, Ea1, Ea-1, Eatotal, Δ S≠, Δ H≠ and Δ G≠ along with thermodynamic parameters such as Ke, Δ H°, Δ G° and Δ S° were obtained from experimental data for the forward and reverse reactions.
Standardization of Protocol for Agrobacteriummediated Transformation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Molla MMH , Nasiruddin KM , Amin M Al , Haque MS , Zaman Manir Uz
Published: July 2012

The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur- 1701 during July 2007 to June 2008. An efficient and reproducible protocol for the production of transgenic potato plants was developed by inoculating internode explants of potato with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying a binary vector pBI121 having one reporter gene (gus) and selectable marker gene (nptII) resistant to Kanamycin. The transformation experiment was done by optimizing two important parameters names infection time and cocultivation period. Most of the explants produced shoots within 21 days on 5 mg/l Zeatin riboside (ZR) and 50 mg/l Kanamycin supplemented MS medium without introducing callus. The infected explants produced 8.27 and 6.42 shoots in Asterix and Diamant varieties, respectively within 21 days. Transgenes were confirmed by molecular analysis. DNA from well established rooted plants confirmed nptII positive through PCR analysis. The transformation rates were 28.97 and 24.37% in Asterix and Diamant, respectively. Putative transformed plants of Diamant and Asterix varieties produced roots in ½MS medium supplemented with 50/mg Cefotaxim, 50 mg/l Kanamycin and 0.5 mg/l IBA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11220 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 185-194, June 2012
Nitrogen Response Behaviour of Developed Promising Lines of T.Aman Rice
Authors: Saha PK , Islam SMM , Akter M , Zaman SK
Published: July 2012

Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for rice. Modern high yielding rice varieties may have differences in accumulating and using N from soil and applied fertilizer. A field experiment with 8 rice genotypes was conducted during 2008 wet season (T.Aman season) to study the effect of different rates of N fertilization on the yield performance and nitrogen nutrition under irrigated condition. Among the tested varieties/lines, BR7155-20-1-3 produced the significantly highest grain yield of 5.04 t/ha at N30 level followed by Swarna (4.66 t/ha) at the same level of N with similar growth duration (140 days). Agronomic efficiency of added N ranged from 0.7 to 23.3 for the promising line   BR7155-20-1-3 and 3.3 to 27.0 for variety Swarna. Grain yield at No was the highest in BR7155-20-1-3 followed by the variety Swarna and the lowest in BR7870-5 *(Nils)- I 0-HR8. Percent nitrogen recovery ranged from 50 to 63 for variety Swarna and 13 to 30 for promising line BR7155-20-1-3. The promising line BR7155 20-1-3 and the variety Swarna may be economically advantageous over the other varieties/ lines. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11222 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 207-213, June 2012
Effect of BAU-Biofungicide, Neem Oil and a Nematicide on the Root-Knot (Meloidogyne javanica) of Papaya (Carica papaya)
Authors: Pradhan MAA , Rahaman MM , Paul SK , Ahamad MU , Goswami BK
Published: July 2012

In a pot experiment, BAU-Biofungicide (Trichoderma harzianum) neem oil and  curaterr (carbofuran) 5G were tested against root-knot (Meloidogyne javanica)  of two papaya varieties Kashempuri and Deshi papaya. Seedlings were  inoculated with second stage larvae of M. javanica. Neem oil (5 ml/ 10g seeds)  and BAU-Biofungicide (1:4) were used as seed treatant and curaterr as side  dressing. Both the bio-agents significantly increased the root and shoot growth  of papaya plant and reduction of galls and eggmasses and suppressed the  development of J2, J3, and J4 and adult females of M. javanica. Efficacy of  BAU-Biofungicide was to reduce the gall and nematode development and to  increase plant growth was similar to nematicide curaterr. BAU-Biofungicide  gave higher effect in most of the growth characters compared to neem oil and  prevented the development of adult females and juveniles like nematicide  curaterr. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11230 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 271-277, June 2012
Evaluation of Some Selected Agronomic Characters on Yield of Chilli Cultivars/Lines Using Analysis of Covariance
Authors: Masood M Asif , Khokhar Khalid Mahmood , Raza Irum
Published: July 2012

The study was carried out to see the effect of some agronomic variables on yield of chilli cultivars/lines using covariance analysis technique. Data were recorded for yield and other six agronomic variables, namely time to flowering (days), time to maturity (days), fruit weight per plant in grams, average fruit weight in grams, fruit width in centimeters, and fruit length in centimeters. Among six agronomic variables, fruit weight per plant (grams) is highly significant and linearly related to the plant yield having value of correlation coefficient (r) 0.99 whereas average fruit weight (grams) was significant at 5 percent and linearly related to the yield having correlation coefficient value 0.55. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were run by taking fruit weight per plant (grams) as covariate. The error mean square (EMS) without covariate was 1.344 under ANOVA, while error mean square was 0.007 under ANCOVA with covariate. The results depicted that use of covariate reduced error mean square in ANCOVA. It indicated that ANCOVA is more efficient than ANOVA for improving the results of the experiment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11233 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 301-306, June 2012
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROTEIN ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SYNTHETIC BROILER
Authors: Roy SC , Alam MS , Ali MA , Chowdhury SD , Goswami C
Published: July 2012

An experiment was conducted with fifty four, 21 days old synthetic broiler (fifth generation) to study the effect of different levels of dietary protein on the performance of broiler during growing and finisher period. Three levels of protein i.e. T1 (18% CP), T2 (19% CP) and T3 (20%CP) were considered as the dietary treatments. The body weight achieved at 42 days of age was 1422.00, 1705.37 and 1563.67 gm in T1, T2 and T3, respectively which differs significantly (p< 0.01). The live weight gain at 42 days was also highest in T2 (19% CP) diet and significantly (p< 0.05) differed from T1 (18% CP) and T3 (20% CP) diets. Feed conversion ratios at the end of experimental period were 2.20, 1.75 and 1.87 in T1, T2 and T3, respectively which differs significantly (p<0.05). The performance index at 42 days of age was 50.66, 82.67 and 63.58 for T1, T2 and T3 respectively while feed consumption, livability and meat yield were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by dietary treatments. The net profit per kg live broiler was significantly highest (Tk.14.09/kg) (p<0.01) in T2 diet as compared to other treatments. It may be concluded that 19% crude protein diet, was the best with respect to growth, FCR and net profit for synthetic broiler (fifth generation) during growing and finisher period.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2.11193 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8 (2) : 117-122
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS VIRUS IN LAYER CHICKENS
Authors: Islam MS , Khan MSR , Islam MA , Hassan J , Affroze S , Islam MA
Published: July 2012

The present research work was conducted for the isolation and characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus in layer chickens from commercial farms of Gazipur District. A total of 25 field samples were collected from suspected layer chickens of five commercial farms and were cultivated into 10-12 days old embryonated chicken eggs through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route for isolation of field virus. The field viruses were characterized by physico-chemical properties against pH, heat, ether and chloroform, serological test such as virus neutralization test (VNT) and passive haemagglutination (PHA) test and pathogenicity testing. In the embryonated chicken eggs, virus produced discrete pock lesions as early as 2 days of post inoculation and embryo death was recorded within 4-6 days of inoculation. The viruses could be inactivated by pH 4 within 2 hours. Inactivation of viruses was observed at 600C for 6 minutes, 550C for 15 minutes and 380C for 2 days. Ether-chloroform treatment also inactivated the viruses. Virus neutralization test revealed that all the virus isolates were neutralized by antiserum to ILT vaccine. Passive haemagglutination test showed that the tanned sheep RBC sensitized with the virus isolates were agglutinated in presence of the antiserum to ILT vaccine. The pathogenicity test recorded 100% mortality in experimental chickens. Data of this study suggest that the field isolates might be infectious laryngotracheitis virus.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2.11194 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8 (2) : 123-130
RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Islam MA , Samad MA , Rahman AKMA
Published: July 2012

A total of 242 milk and 208 blood samples of goat were collected from three organized goat farms and surrounding rural areas of Bangladesh Agricultural University to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of brucellosis in Black Bengal goats during the period from December 2008 to September 2009. Milk samples were screened by Milk Ring Test (MRT) and serum samples by Rose Bengal test (RBT) and Micro Agglutination Test (MAT) for detection of brucella specific antibody in milk and blood respectively. The overall prevalence was recorded as 13.64% in milk by MRT; 3.85% and 3.37% in serum by RBT and MAT respectively. About 21.21(7/33) % and18.18 (6/33) % of MRT positive goat showed positive reactions in RBT and MAT respectively. Does aged up to 4 years had lower prevalence (3.70%) of brucellosis than those aged over 4 years (12.50%). About 2.1 (odds ratio, OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.21- 4.53) and 47.1(OR = 47.1; 95% CI: 5.3- 416.6) folds increased odds of seropositivity of brucellosis were observed in aborted and placental retention cases respectively. Significantly (p<0.05) higher prevalence of brucellosis was recorded at late lactation stage (17.94%) than those were in mid (16%) and early lactation stage (11.76%). A significantly higher odds of seropositivity of brucellosis was observed in does (OR = 23; 95% CI: 3.08- 173.62). About 7 folds (OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 1.13- 5.32) increased odds of seropositivity was observed in pregnant does.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2.11198 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8 (2) : 141-147
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF MASTITIS IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS AT BAGHABARI MILK SHED AREA OF SIRAJGANJ
Authors: Islam MA , Rahman AKMA , Rony SA , Islam MS
Published: July 2012

A cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 330 lactating dairy cows at Baghabari, Sirajganj to determine the prevalence and risk factors of clinical (CM) and sub-clinical (SCM) mastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT), White Side Test (WST) and Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT) during the period from July to December, 2009. Of all cows tested, 2.12% (n=7) cows were affected with CM and 37.58% (n=124), 36.67% (n=121) and 35.15% (n=116) cows showed positive reaction for SCM by CMT, WST and SFMT respectively. The overall prevalence of SCM was 36.46% and CMT showed better performance in detecting SCM (37.58%) among three indirect tests used. The prevalence of SCM was significantly (p<0.01) higher (47.61%) in age group more than 13 years than others. A significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of SCM was observed in parity number more than 11 than others. The prevalence of SCM was significantly (p<0.01) higher (37.12%) in cows yielding >10L of milk than others. The prevalence of SCM was highest in late lactation (72.45%) followed by early (40%) and mid lactation (27.56%). Herds having 16 or more milch cows had significantly (p<0.05) higher SCM than those with fewer milch cows.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2.11200 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8 (2) : 157-162
ISOLATION AND DETECTION OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS FROM FIELD OUTBREAKS IN BROILER AND LAYER CHICKENS BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTIONPOLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Authors: Haque MH , Hossain MT , Islam MT , Zinnah MA , Khan MSR , Islam MA
Published: July 2012

The present research work was carried out to isolate and identify Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. A total of 160 clinical (blood, tracheal and cloacal swabs) and post-mortem (brain, lung, colon and spleen) samples were collected from chickens of two field outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) in 2006, one in a broiler (Cobb-500) farm of Mymensingh district and other one in a layer (Sonali) farm of Gazipur district. All the samples were inoculated onto 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs through allantoic sac route and in the chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) cell culture. The allantoic fluid (AF) of the dead embryos and the infected culture fluid (ICF) of the CEF were harvested at 48 and 96 hours of post-infection, respectively. The HI and RT-PCR were employed to detect NDV in tissue homogenates of all the clinical and post-mortem samples as well as laboratory samples (AF and ICF). Among the clinical samples, virus isolation rate was found higher from tracheal swab (90%) compared to those of cloacal swab (85%) and serum (65%). On the other hand, among the four different types of post-mortem samples, virus isolation rate was found higher in spleen (100%) compared to those of lungs (80%), colon (60%), and brain (80%) samples. In CEF cell culture system, the rate of virus isolation from all the aforesaid samples was found 100% with the exception of serum samples. The isolation rate of NDV was higher in CEF culture system (93.8%) compared to that of avian embryos (80%). Among the clinical and post-mortem samples, inoculum of only cloacal swab and colon showed HA and HI activities. The anti-NDV hyperimmune serum revealed complete inhibition of the 4 haemagglutination unit of each isolate of viruses isolated from broiler and layer chickens present in the laboratory samples (AF and ICF). The NDV specific primers used in the direct RT-PCR for genome detection of NDV showed equal sensitivity and specificity with the RNA extracted from the clinical, post-mortem and laboratory samples (AF and ICF) as with the genomic RNA of reference NDV. Higher rate of detection of NDV was recorded with RT-PCR assay than HI test. Therefore, the molecular method (RT-PCR) can be introduced for rapid and confirmatory detection of NDV from any form of outbreak of ND in the field level of Bangladesh.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2.9618 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8 (2) : 8792
SEROLOGICAL SURVEY OF SALMONELLA INFECTION IN NON-VACCINATED COMMERCIAL LAYER BIRDS IN KHULNA DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Jalil MA , Islam MT
Published: July 2012

A cross sectional study was conducted on 164120 non-vaccinated layer birds of 96 farms in six upazilas (Sadar, Batiaghata, Dumuria, Dighulia, Rupsha and Fultala) of Khulna district to determine the seroprevalence of Salmonella infection (S. pullorum and S. gallinarum) during the period from August 2009 to July 2010. Sera samples were collected from 1268 layer birds of different ages and the birds were selected through a disproportionate stratified random sampling technique based on the flock size of each farm. Sera samples were tested by Serum plate agglutination (SPA) test applying commercial Salmonella antigen (Nobilis® SA, Intervet International B.V. Boxmeer- Holland) to detect the presence of antibodies against Salmonella. The overall seroprevalence of Salmonella infection was recorded as 65.9%. The significantly higher seroprevalence (76.6%) of Salmonella infection was recorded in layer birds of >56 weeks of age than those of other age groups. Seasons had significant influence on the seroprevalence of Salmonella infection. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in summer (82%) than that in rainy (66.8%) and winter (50%) seasons. The location of farms, i.e. upazilas also had significant association with the occurrence of Salmonella infection. The seroprevalence significantly differed between the different categories of flock size. The flock size of 5001 and above had the highest seroprevalence (81.4%) among other categories. It may be concluded that above 60% layer birds in 92 out of 96 farms are infected with Salmonella organism, which requires keeping of vigilant eye of the poultry farmers and the hatchery owners in the control of Salmonella infection in poultry farms.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11206Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 27-31
CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH PNEUMONIA IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS
Authors: Momin MA , Islam MA , Khatun MM , Rahman MM , Islam MA
Published: July 2012

The present research work was undertaken for the characterization of the bacterial pathogens responsible for pneumonia in black Bengal goats. Nasal swab samples (n = 50) were collected from the pneumonic black Bengal goats in Mymensingh and Sirajgonj districts. Samples were inoculated onto nutrient agar, eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, MacConkey agar, and blood agar media for isolation of bacteria. Identification of bacteria was performed by the Gram's staining method, cultural properties and biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates was performed against 11 antimicrobial agents. Pasteurella spp were isolated from 25 cases, and Staphylococcus spp from 13 cases. Mixed infection caused by the Pasteurella spp and Staphylococcus spp. were recorded in 12 cases. Pasteurella spp produced whitish, opaque circular and translucent colonies on nutrient agar, smooth, convex, glistening colonies on EMB agar and no hemolysis on blood agar. Staphylococcus spp have shown gray white or golden yellowish colonies on  nutrient agar. Golden yellow colonies without hemolysis or whitish colonies with hemolysis were also produced by Staphylococcus spp. on the blood agar media. Pasteurella spp were indole positive, MR-VP negative and ferment dextrose, sucrose and mannitol with the production of acid. The Staphylococcus spp were positive to MR-VP, coagulase and catalase reactions, negative to indole test and fermented five basic sugars with acid production. Results of cultural and biochemical tests supported that these two isolates belonged to P. multocida and S. aureus. P. multocida were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and resistant to penicillin. S. aureus found to be highly sensitive to erythromycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin and less sensitive to amoxicillin. DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11215Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 67-71
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL SERODIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR THE SEROPREVALENCE STUDY OF BRUCELLOSIS IN STRAY DOGS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Talukder BC , Samad MA , Rahman AKMA
Published: July 2012

A prospective study of Brucella sero-prevalence was conducted in 30 stray dogs in Mymensingh Municipal Corporation area of Bangladesh during the period from January to December 2009. All the sera were screened primarily by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Positive, doubtful and negative serum samples were further confirmed with Slow Agglutination Test (SAT), Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) and indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and all the SAT, STAT and ELISA negative samples were confirmed as negative. The sensitivity of RBPT, SAT and STAT was found to be of 100%, 66.67% and 66.67% with considering ELISA as a standard test while specificity was found to be of 96.29%, 100% and 100% in stray dogs. This indicates that the SAT and STAT are found more specific than RBPT. Evaluation of comparison of sero-prevalence rates of canine brucellosis with the four sero-tests advocated to use ELISA for diagnosis of canine brucellosis. The overall sero-prevalence of canine brucellosis was recorded as 13.33%, 6.67%, 6.67% and 10.0% with RBPT, SAT, STAT and ELISA, respectively. Sero-results have analyzed on the basis of two age groups (up to 6 months and 7 to 36 months) and sex (male and female). Significantly (p<0.01) higher sero-prevalence rate of canine brucellosis was recorded in stray dogs aged between 7 to 36 months (14.81%, 7.40%, 7.40% and 11.11%) in comparison to aged group up to 6 months ( 0%, 0%, 0% and 0% ) with RBPT, SAT, STAT and ELISA, respectively. The sero-prevalence rate of canine brucellosis was found significantly (p <0.01) higher in female dogs (15.78%, 10.52%, 10.52% and 15.78%) in comparison to male (9.09%, 0%, 0% and 0%) with RBPT, SAT, STAT and ELISA, respectively. It appears from this study that brucellosis is an endemic disease and measures are needed to reduce this high prevalence of canine brucellosis in Bangladesh.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11217 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 79-83
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SEROVARS FROM DIARRHOEIC STOOL SAMPLES OF HUMAN
Authors: Nesa MK , Khan MSR , Alam M
Published: July 2012

The present study aimed at isolation and identification of Salmonella serovars from human stool and characterization of the isolated serovars using biochemical, serological, molecular and antimicrobial sensitivity techniques. A total of 25 samples were collected of which 16% were positive to Salmonella serovars. All the culturally positive isolates fermented dextrose, maltose and mannitol with the peoduction of acid and gas but not fermented sucrose and lactose. The same isolates showed Indole and V-P tests negative but M-R test positive. All the culturally and biochemically positive Salmonella serovars showed agglutination with poly O and poly H antisera. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the isolated Salmonella serovars were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and moderately sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, cotrimoxazol and nalidixic acid. However, the positive isolates were resistant to erythromycin. The present study indicates that ciprofloxacin can be used as a first line therapy for the treatment of Salmonella gastroenteritis.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11218Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 85-93
Simple and Efficient One-Pot Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Crystal Structure of Methyl 5-(4-Chlorobenzoyloxy)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate
Authors: Khan Imtiaz , White Jonathan M.
Published: July 2012

A facile one-pot synthesis of methyl 5-(4-chlorobenzoyloxy)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (4) is described. The title compound was efficiently synthesized by the reaction of phenyl hydrazine, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride in dichloromethane under reflux in good yield. The structure of the target compound was deduced by modern spectroscopic and analytical techniques and unequivocally confirmed by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal of the title compound belongs to orthorhombic system, space group P 21 21 21 with cell parameters a = 6.6491(3) Å, b = 7.9627(6) Å, c = 30.621(5) Å, α = β = γ = 90° and Z = 4. The crystal packing of the compound (4) is stabilized by an offset π-stacking between the planar benzoyl-substituted diazole moieties.
The Global Inventory of Methane Hydrate in Marine Sediments: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Wallmann Klaus , Pinero Elena , Burwicz Ewa , Haeckel Matthias , Hensen Christian , Dale Andrew , Ruepke Lars
Published: July 2012

The accumulation of methane hydrate in marine sediments is controlled by a number of physical and biogeochemical parameters including the thickness of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ), the solubility of methane in pore fluids, the accumulation of particulate organic carbon at the seafloor, the kinetics of microbial organic matter degradation and methane generation in marine sediments, sediment compaction and the ascent of deep-seated pore fluids and methane gas into the GHSZ. Our present knowledge on these controlling factors is discussed and new estimates of global sediment and methane fluxes are provided applying a transport-reaction model at global scale. The modeling and the data evaluation yield improved and better constrained estimates of the global pore volume within the modern GHSZ ( ≥ 44 × 1015 m3), the Holocene POC accumulation rate at the seabed (~1.4 × 1014 g yr−1), the global rate of microbial methane production in the deep biosphere (4−25 × 1012 g C yr−1) and the inventory of methane hydrates in marine sediments ( ≥ 455 Gt of methane-bound carbon).
Comparison of Different Ranking Methods in Protein-Ligand Binding Site Prediction
Authors: Gao Jun , Liu Qi , Kang Hong , Cao Zhiwei , Zhu Ruixin
Published: July 2012

In recent years, although many ligand-binding site prediction methods have been developed, there has still been a great demand to improve the prediction accuracy and compare different prediction algorithms to evaluate their performances. In this work, in order to improve the performance of the protein-ligand binding site prediction method presented in our former study, a comparison of different binding site ranking lists was studied. Four kinds of properties, i.e., pocket size, distance from the protein centroid, sequence conservation and the number of hydrophobic residues, have been chosen as the corresponding ranking criterion respectively. Our studies show that the sequence conservation information helps to rank the real pockets with the most successful accuracy compared to others. At the same time, the pocket size and the distance of binding site from the protein centroid are also found to be helpful. In addition, a multi-view ranking aggregation method, which combines the information among those four properties, was further applied in our study. The results show that a better performance can be achieved by the aggregation of the complementary properties in the prediction of ligand-binding sites.
MicroRNA-125b Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Jia Hong-Yan , Wang Yu-Xuan , Yan Wen-Ting , Li Hui-Yu , Tian Yan-Zhang , Wang Shi-Ming , Zhao Hao-Liang
Published: July 2012

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of multiple cellular processes, and the deregulation of miRNA is a common event in diverse human diseases, particularly cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between disordered miRNA expression and tumorigenesis have remained largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated the down-regulation of miR-125b in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and HCC cell lines by Northern blot and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. The ectopic expression of miR-125b reduced the cellular proliferation and cell cycle progression of HCC cells by targeting Mcl-1 and IL6R. Furthermore, the miR-125b-induced inhibition of cell proliferation was rescued by the expression of Mcl-1 or IL6R variants that lacked 3' UTRs. Thus, this study revealed the differential expression of miR-125b in HCC cells and elucidated its potential as a tumor suppressor in HCC development.
Extraction of Dihydroquercetin from Larix gmelinii with Ultrasound-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Alternant Digestion
Authors: Ma Chunhui , Yang Lei , Wang Wenjie , Yang Fengjian , Zhao Chunjian , Zu Yuangang
Published: July 2012

An ultrasound and microwave assisted alternant extraction method (UMAE) was applied for extracting dihydroquercetin (DHQ) from Larix gmelinii wood. This investigation was conducted using 60% ethanol as solvent, 1:12 solid to liquid ratio, and 3 h soaking time. The optimum treatment time was ultrasound 40 min, microwave 20 min, respectively, and the extraction was performed once. Under the optimized conditions, satisfactory extraction yield of the target analyte was obtained. Relative to ultrasound-assisted or microwave-assisted method, the proposed approach provides higher extraction yield. The effect of DHQ of different concentrations and synthetic antioxidants on oxidative stability in soy bean oil stored for 20 days at different temperatures (25 °C and 60 °C) was compared. DHQ was more effective in restraining soy bean oil oxidation, and a dose-response relationship was observed. The antioxidant activity of DHQ was a little stronger than that of BHA and BHT. Soy bean oil supplemented with 0.08 mg/g DHQ exhibited favorable antioxidant effects and is preferable for effectively avoiding oxidation. The L. gmelinii wood samples before and after extraction were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the UMAE method is a simple and efficient technique for sample preparation.
The Tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate D609 Triggers Ceramide Increase and Enhances FasL-Induced Caspase-Dependent and -Independent Cell Death in T Lymphocytes
Authors: Milhas Delphine , Andrieu-Abadie Nathalie , Levade Thierry , Benoist Hervé , Ségui Bruno
Published: July 2012

D609 is known to modulate death receptor-induced ceramide generation and cell death. We show that in Jurkat cells, non-toxic D609 concentrations inhibit sphingomyelin synthase and, to a lesser extent, glucosylceramide synthase, and transiently increase the intracellular ceramide level. D609 significantly enhanced FasL-induced caspase activation and apoptosis. D609 stimulated FasL-induced cell death in caspase-8-deficient Jurkat cells, indicating that D609 acts downstream of caspase-8. At high FasL concentration (500 ng/mL), cell death was significantly, but not completely, inhibited by zVAD-fmk, a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, indicating that FasL can activate both caspase-dependent and -independent cell death signaling pathways. FasL-induced caspase activation was abolished by zVAD-fmk, whereas ceramide production was only partially impaired. D609 enhanced caspase-independent ceramide increase and cell death in response to FasL. Also, D609 overcame zVAD-fmk-conferred resistance to a FasL concentration as low as 50 ng/mL and bypassed RIP deficiency. It is likely that mitochondrial events were involved, since Bcl-xL over-expression impaired D609 effects. In PHA-activated human T lymphocytes, D609 enhanced FasL-induced cell death in the presence or absence of zVAD-fmk. Altogether, our data strongly indicate that the inhibition of ceramide conversion to complex sphingolipids by D609 is accompanied by an enhancement of FasL-induced caspase-dependent and -independent cell death in T lymphocytes.
Cyclisation Increases the Stability of the Sea Anemone Peptide APETx2 but Decreases Its Activity at Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 3
Authors: Jensen Jonas E. , Mobli Mehdi , Brust Andreas , Alewood Paul F. , King Glenn F. , Rash Lachlan D.
Published: July 2012

APETx2 is a peptide isolated from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. It is the most potent and selective inhibitor of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and it is currently in preclinical studies as a novel analgesic for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain. As a peptide it faces many challenges in the drug development process, including the potential lack of stability often associated with therapeutic peptides. In this study we determined the susceptibility of wild-type APETx2 to trypsin and pepsin and tested the applicability of backbone cyclisation as a strategy to improve its resistance to enzymatic degradation. Cyclisation with either a six-, seven- or eight-residue linker vastly improved the protease resistance of APETx2 but substantially decreased its potency against ASIC3. This suggests that either the N- or C-terminus of APETx2 is involved in its interaction with the channel, which we confirmed by making N- and C-terminal truncations. Truncation of either terminus, but especially the N-terminus, has detrimental effects on the ability of APETx2 to inhibit ASIC3. The current work indicates that cyclisation is unlikely to be a suitable strategy for stabilising APETx2, unless linkers can be engineered that do not interfere with binding to ASIC3.
Direct Oxygen Supply with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Membranes Induces a Spontaneous Organization of Thick Heterogeneous Liver Tissues from Rat Fetal Liver Cells in Vitro
Authors: Hamon Morgan , Hanada Sanshiro , Fujii Teruo , Sakai Yasuyuki
Published: July 2012

Oxygen is a vital nutrient for growth and maturation of in vitro cells (e.g., adult hepatocytes). We previously demonstrated that direct oxygenation through a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane increases the oxygen supply to cell cultures and improves hepatocyte functions. In this study, we removed limits on oxygen supply to fetal rat liver cells through the use of direct oxygenation through a PDMS membrane to investigate in vitro growth and maturation. We chose fetal liver cells because they are considered a feasible source of liver progenitor cells for regenerative medicine therapy due to their highly efficient maturation and proliferation. Cells from 17-day-old pregnant rats were cultured under 5% and 21% oxygen atmospheres. Some cells were first cultured under 5% oxygen, and then switched to a 21% oxygen atmosphere. When oxygen supply was enhanced by a PDMS membrane, the rat fetal liver cells organized into a complex tissue composed of an epithelium of hepatocytes above a mesenchyme-like tissue. The thickness of this supportive tissue was directly correlated to oxygen concentration and was thicker under 5% oxygen. When cultures were switched from 5% to 21% oxygen, lumen-containing structures were formed in the thick mesenchymal-like tissue and the albumin secretion rate increased. In addition, cells adapted their glycolytic activity to the oxygen concentrations. This system promoted the formation of a functional and organized thick tissue suitable for use in regenerative medicine.
Islet Purification Method Using Large Bottles Effectively Achieves High Islet Yield from Pig Pancreas
Authors: Shimoda Masayuki , Noguchi Hirofumi , Fujita Yasutaka , Takita Morihito , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Chujo Daisuke , Naziruddin Bashoo , Levy Marlon F. , Kobayashi Naoya , Grayburn Paul A. , Matsumoto Shinichi
Published: July 2012

Porcine islets are a promising resource for xenotransplantation. However, low efficacy of islet isolation because of their marked fragility remains a problem. Recently we found that the standard purification method using COBE 2991 cell processor (COBE) with Ficoll density gradient solution damaged islets mechanically by high shearing force. In this study, we evaluated our new purification method using large plastic bottles for the efficacy of islet purification. Ten porcine pancreata were used. The average warm ischemic time was over 40 min; therefore, these pancreata were considered to be in a marginal condition. After digestion, the digested tissue was divided into three groups. Each group was purified using either top loading method with bottle (top group) or bottom loading method with bottle (bottom group) or standard COBE method (COBE group). Islet yield per pancreas weight (IEQ/g) and the rate of postpurification recovery in the top group were significantly higher than the COBE group (top: 8060 ± 1652 IEQ/g, bottom: 4572 ± 614 IE/g, COBE: 3900 ± 734 IE/g. p < 0.02 in top vs. COBE; top percentage of recovery: 99.3 ± 12.3%, bottom: 62.6 ± 8.8%, COBE: 49.5 ± 6.7%, p < 0.02 in top vs. bottom and COBE). The average sizes of purified islets in the top and bottom groups were significantly larger than COBE group (Average diameter top: 156 ± 8 μm, bottom: 147 ± 6 μm, COBE: 119 ± 6 μm, p < 0.01 in top vs. COBE and in bottom vs. COBE), which indicated that bottle method can reduce shear force during purification. Our new purification using top loading bottle method enabled us to obtain a high yield of porcine islets from marginal pancreata.
Bone Marrow-Derived Conventional, But Not Cloned, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress Lymphocyte Proliferation and Prevent Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Rats
Authors: Kitazawa Yusuke , Li Xiao-Kang , Xie Lin , Zhu Ping , Kimura Hiromitsu , Takahara Shiro
Published: July 2012

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could exert a potent immunosuppressive effect, and therefore may have a therapeutic potential in T-cell-dependent pathologies. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether MSCs could be used to control graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). MSCs were isolated from Lewis rat bone morrow and then cultured in 10% FBS DMEM at 37°C for 4 weeks. The enriched conventional MSCs and macrophages were purified by auto-MACS. Cloned MSCs were obtained by cloning using the limiting dilution method and expanded up to more than 6 months. The identity of MSCs was confirmed by their typical spindle-shaped morphology and immunophenotypic criteria, based on the absence of expression of CD45 and CD11b/c molecules. Both types of MSCs were also tested for their ability to differentiate into adipocytes. We showed that MSCs, like macrophages, exhibit immunomodulatory properties capable of inhibiting T-cell proliferation stimulated by alloantigens, anti-CD3e/CD28 mAbs, and ConA in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. After performing adoptive transfer, MSCs suppressed systemic Lewis to (Lewis × DA)F1 rat GvHD. In contrast to the immunosuppressive activities of conventional MSCs, the cloned MSCs enhanced T-cell proliferation in vitro and yielded no clinical benefit in regard to the incidence or severity of GvHD. Therefore, these rat models have shown intriguing differences in the suppression effects of lymphocyte proliferation and GvHD prevention between short-term cultured conventional MSCs and cloned MSCs.