bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic role of complete MICM-P in metastatic carcinoma of bone marrow (MCBM) presented with atypical symptoms: A 7-year retrospective study of 45 cases in a single center
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Zhiqiong , Tong Xiwen , Li Yi , Liu Xian , Huang Lifang
Published: November 2022

Metastatic carcinoma of bone marrow (MCBM) tends to present with atypical symptoms and can be easily misdiagnosed or miss diagnosed. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical-pathological and hematological characteristics of MCBM patients in order to develop strategies for early detection, staging, treatment selection and prognosis predicting. We retrospectively analyzed 45 patients with MCBM diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy in our hospital during the past 7 years. The clinical symptoms, hemogram and myelogram features, Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining of bone marrow biopsies, location of primary carcinoma and corresponding treatment of the 45 MCBM patients were analyzed in this study. In total, 35 (77.9%) of all patients presented pains including bone pain (73.3%) as the main manifestation, and 37 (82.2%) patients had anemia. Metastatic cancer cells were found in only 22 patients (48.9%) upon bone marrow smear examination, but in all 45 patients by bone marrow biopsy. The bone marrow of 18 (40.0%) patients was dry extraction. Distribution of metastatic carcinoma was diffuse in 20 (44.4%) patients and multi-focal in 25 (55.6%) patients, complicated with myelofibrosis in 34 (75.6%) patients. For bone marrow biopsy immunohistochemistry, 97.8% of the patients were CD45-negative, while 75.6% of the patients were Cytokeratin-positive. There were 30 patients (66.7%) identified with primary malignancies. The overall survival (OS) of 1 year for MCBM patients was 6.7%. There was a trend that patients with cancer of known primary obtained better prognosis according to the survival curve, but the finding was not statistically significant with Log-rank P = .160. Complete MICM-P plays a significant role in early diagnosis of MCBM. Bone marrow biopsy combined with immunohistochemistry is an underappreciated method for the diagnosis of MCBM, which should be taken as part of regular tests as well as bone marrow smear. Understanding the clinical-pathological and hematological characteristics of MCBM and conducting bone marrow biopsy in time are of great significance for early detection and treatment selection.
Identification of a rare missense mutation in GJB1 and prenatal diagnosis in a Chinese family with CMT: A case report
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Wu Xiaoli , Wu Bei , Mou Jing , Ma Xingwei
Published: November 2022

Rationale:

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a highly heterogeneous genetic disorder. To date, more than 90 genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CMT. Here, we report the identification of a rare causative mutation in a Chinese family with CMT and a pregnant patient underwent prenatal diagnosis.

Patient concerns:

A 33-year-old woman with 21 + 6 weeks of pregnancy presented with progressive weakness of distal extremities after 23 years of age. A total of 8 individuals in 4 generations of her family had similar muscle weakness. On proband whole-exome sequencing (WES), a rare c.121G > A variant in the GJB1 gene was identified.

Diagnosis:

Based on the clinical and genetic findings, this patient was finally diagnosed with CMT.

Interventions:

The prenatal diagnosis was performed on the proband fetus.

Outcomes:

The fetus did not carry this rare variant, and the pregnancy continued.

Lessons:

Our findings provide the first clinical evidence for the causative role of GJB1 c.121G > A variant in CMT. WES is a valuable method for diagnosing patients with CMT.
Low-to-moderate atmospheric ozone levels are negatively correlated with hospital visits by asthma patients
Authors: Lee Soyeon , Lee Minhyeok
Published: November 2022

Asthma is a chronic illness of the airways that affects approximately 300 million individuals worldwide. While it is commonly accepted that high ozone levels exacerbate asthma symptoms, the impact of low to moderate ozone levels on asthma symptoms has received little attention. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between hospital visits by asthma patients showing the severity of their symptoms and moderate ozone levels. Statistical analyses were performed on hospital visit big data for asthma patients in Seoul, Korea, collected between 2013 and 2017. The data set includes outpatient hospital visits (n = 17,787,982), hospital admissions (n = 215,696), and emergency department visits (n = 85,482). The frequency of hospital visits by asthma patients was evaluated in relation to low ozone levels (< 0.03 ppm) and moderate ozone levels (0.03–0.06 ppm) in the Seoul environment. In comparison to low ozone levels, moderate ozone levels resulted in a reduction in outpatient hospital visits (t = 7.052, P < .001). When ozone levels were low to moderate, there was a negative correlation between ozone levels and outpatient visits (r = −0.281, 95% CI: −0.331 to −0.228). Negative associations were also identified between ozone levels and new hospital admissions (t = 2.909, P < .01; r = −0.125, 95% CI: −0.179 to −0.070) and emergency treatments (t = 2.679, P < .01; r = −0.132, 95% CI: −0.186 to −0.076). Additionally, it was verified that moderate ozone levels one day before the visits resulted in a reduction in outpatient visits (t = 5.614, P < .001; r = −0.207, 95% CI: −0.259 to −0.153). A strong relationship was identified between moderate atmospheric ozone levels and a reduction in asthma patient hospital visits.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin’s gland is easily misdiagnosed: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Chen Hao , Guo Hualei , Chen Lei , Zhu Miaoping , Zhu Yingjia
Published: November 2022

Rationale:

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) often occurs in the major and minor salivary glands and other sites containing secretory glands, while ACC of the Bartholin’s gland (BG-ACC) in the vulva is rare and easily misdiagnosed.

Patient concerns:

A 58-year-old female was referred to our hospital for further valuation of a mass occurring on the left side of her vulva. In the other hospital, the beginning of the period, local ultrasound showed a vulva mass, which was suspected to be a Bartholin’s gland cyst. Mixed neoplasms were considered in some biopsies. When transferred to our hospital, virtuous tumors were considered by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Pathology initially considered benign hyperplastic active tumor or borderline tumor.

Diagnoses:

Histological, immunochemical, and molecular tests confirmed a diagnosis of BG-ACC, negative surgical margin, without lymphatic metastasis.

Interventions:

Extended excision of the mass at left labia majora plus left inguinal lymph node dissection was performed.

Outcomes:

The patient received surgery therapy, no recurrence was observed during a 18-month follow-up period.

Lessons:

Due to its lack of specific characteristics in clinical, ultrasound and imaging, it is easy to be misdiagnosed, Due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical, radiologic and ultrasonographic manifestations, BG-ACC can be easily misdiagnosed. And its pathomorphological features overlap with other benign and malignant tumors occurring at vulva, BG-ACC can be easily misdiagnosed, and diagnosis by puncture biopsy is extremely difficult. Use of paraffin sections to identify tumor growth characteristics, combined with immunohistochemical findings, is the key to the diagnosis of ACC. In rare sites, MYB gene split are helpful in making a definite diagnosis.
Pseudo-malignant paranasal invasive aspergillosis showing bone destruction and FDG uptake on PET/CT: A case report
Authors: Tsuda Takeshi , Takeda Kazuya , Fujii Soichiro , Hayama Masaki , Inohara Hidenori
Published: November 2022

Rationale:

Aspergillosis is a rare disease that often occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus or compromised hosts. This study describes a 60-years-old woman with unusual pseudo-malignant paranasal invasive aspergillosis with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake treated by endoscopic sinus surgery. To the best of our knowledge, there are few reported cases of paranasal fungal infection with 18F-FDG uptake.

Patients concerns:

A 60-years-old woman was presented with headache and nasal obstruction.

Diagnoses:

Computed tomography (CT) showed a shadow with bone destruction in the sinus cavity and accumulation of 18F-FDG uptake. The patient was diagnosed with a malignant tumor or pseudo-malignant paranasal invasive aspergillosis.

Interventions:

The patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery; no neoplastic lesions were detected in the areas with CT shadows. All the observed fungal mass reservoirs were removed.

Outcomes:

The patient remained hospitalized for 1 week after the surgery with no significant postoperative abnormalities. There was no recurrence of the disease for 6 months, and the patient’s symptoms resolved, indicating a good course of follow-up.

Lessons:

Invasive aspergillosis should be considered a differential disease when positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans show FDG uptake, CT shows bone destruction, and T2-weighted MRI scans show a low signal.
Comparison of the C-MAC D-blade video laryngoscope and the McCoy laryngoscope for double-lumen endotracheal tube intubation: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Kim Kyung Mi , Seo Kwon Hui , Kim You Jung , John Hyunji , Moon Hyun Soo , Kim Namhyun , Yeon Nayoung
Published: November 2022

Background:

Inserting a double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) poses more challenge than inserting a single-lumen tube. The C-MAC D-blade videolaryngoscope is a useful alternative to the direct laryngoscope. However, no study has compared its performance with that of the McCoy laryngoscope, which has a hyperangulated blade tip similar to that of the C-MAC D-blade. We aimed to compare the performance of the C-MAC D-blade videolaryngoscope with that of the McCoy laryngoscope in DLT intubation.

Methods:

In this prospective randomized controlled study, 90 patients requiring DLT intubation were randomly allocated to either the C-MAC D-blade videolaryngoscope group (group C, n = 47) or McCoy laryngoscope group (group M, n = 43). During intubation, the percentage of glottic opening, modified Cormack–Lehane grade, time taken for intubation, malposition of the bronchial lumen, and hemodynamic parameters were recorded. After intubation, we assessed the intubation difficulty scale score and, a postoperative sore throat in the recovery room.

Results:

The time taken for intubation was 35.85 ± 10.77 seconds and 33.18 ± 11.97 seconds in groups C and M, respectively (P = .269). The modified Cormack–Lehane grade was significantly lower in group C than in group M (P = .000). Percentage of glottic opening was significantly higher in group C (79.36 ± 13.42%) than in group M (53.49 ± 29.83%) (P = .000). The intubation difficulty scale score was significantly lower in group C than in group M (P = .030). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of malposition status, hemodynamic parameters, or visual analog scale score for a postoperative sore throat.

Conclusion:

Although the time taken for intubation was comparable between the 2 intubation devices, the C-MAC D-blade videolaryngoscope facilitated glottis visualization and reduced the intubation difficulty scale better than the McCoy laryngoscope in patients undergoing DLT intubation.
Tension-free hiatal hernia repair with biological mesh: A real-world experience
Authors: Cheng Fahui , Liang Hongyan , Zhang Yu , Zeng Hui , Gao Xiao , Tan Lipeng , He Hengzheng
Published: November 2022

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and esophagoplasty are the standards for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia (HH) repair. Biologically derived mesh is also associated with reduced recurrence. This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of a biological mesh in the 4K laparoscopic repair of HH. This retrospective study reviewed patients with a severe GERD complicated with HH from August 2019 to August 2020. All patients underwent the HH repair using a biological mesh under a 4K laparoscope accompanying Nissen fundoplication. Up to 16 months postoperatively, GERD-health-related quality-of-life (GERD-HRQL) scale, radiologic studies on HH recurrence, and symptoms were recorded. The mean surgical time and postoperative hospital stay were 70.9 ± 8.72 min, 4.8 ± 0.76 days, respectively. The postoperative symptom relief rate was 96.5%, and no recurrence exhibited during follow-up. Dysphagia occurred in 10 (9.43%) patients. There were no intraoperative vagus nerve injury or postoperative complications, mesh infection, and reoperation for mesh. The tension-free repair of HH with the biological mesh is an option for clinical use, with effectiveness and few short-term complications being reported.
Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 (myalgic encephalomyelitis): An international cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaheen Nour , Shaheen Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Background:

As a result of prolonged effects on multiple organs, recovery from COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 cannot be verified. This study seeks to understand chronic and acute long-term symptoms of COVID-19 lasting from a few weeks after diagnosis. The study also aims to gain insight into prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis, a potentially comorbid condition for several months after the infection, in addition to taking a broad perspective on rare symptoms that may have developed during or after the infection.

Study design:

Cross-sectional questionnaire\descriptive study.

Methods:

The questionnaire was developed to assess the long-term effects of the global pandemic of COVID-19 using DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-2. The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, and other symptoms that have been introduced by literature review.

Discussion:

A large cohort of people from all over the world will be examined to understand the differential effects of people who have experienced COVID-19, as well as the potential occurrence of ME. In total, 20,000 COVID patients are expected to be included in the study by Sep 1, 2022. Patients who have experienced COVID-19 will be asked about their persistent symptoms from 1 week up to more than 6 months after catching or recovery from the infection.
Acupuncture-related techniques for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with pre-diabetes: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Haoze , Wu Xingquan , Lei Siyuan , Wang Ying , Sun Weichen , Yang Qingwei , Song Bailin
Published: November 2022

Background:

In modern society, the incidence of diabetes is increasing year by year. Most individuals pass through a phase of prediabetes before developing full blown diabetes. Acupuncture-related has been widely used in the treatment of diabetes, but there is no systematic review of acupuncture-related on the control of blood glucose in prediabetes. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy of acupuncutre-related therapy in preventing the development of diabetes in patients with prediabetes.

Methods:

We will search Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan-Fang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP Database) from their respective inception dates to September 1, 2022 to identify potentially eligible studies. We will use the Review Manager 5.4 software provided by the Cochrane Collaborative Network for statistical analysis. We then assessed the quality and risk of the included studies and observed the outcome measures.

Results:

This meta-analysis further elucidates the protective effects of acupuncture-related techniques on patients with prediabetes.

Conclusion:

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of acupuncture- related techniques on blood glucose in patients with prediabetes, and to provide more methods for clinical prevention of conversion from prediabetes to diabetes.
Proteomes of Extracellular Vesicles From Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
Authors: Pan Sharon , Lai Lisa A. , Simeone Diane M. , Dawson David W. , Yan Yuanqing , Crnogorac-Jurcevic Tatjana , Chen Ru , Brentnall Teresa A.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bound vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular environment. Studies have implicated EVs in cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, angiogenesis, and mediating the interaction of tumor cells and microenvironment. A systematic characterization of EVs from pancreatic cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) would be valuable for studying the roles of EV proteins in pancreatic tumorigenesis.

Methods

Proteomic and functional analyses were applied to characterize the proteomes of EVs released from 5 pancreatic cancer lines, 2 CAF cell lines, and a normal pancreatic epithelial cell line (HPDE).

Results

More than 1400 nonredundant proteins were identified in each EV derived from the cell lines. The majority of the proteins identified in the EVs from the cancer cells, CAFs, and HPDE were detected in all 3 groups, highly enriched in the biological processes of vesicle-mediated transport and exocytosis. Protein networks relevant to pancreatic tumorigenesis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, complement, and coagulation components, were significantly enriched in the EVs from cancer cells or CAFs.

Conclusions

These findings support the roles of EVs as a potential mediator in transmitting epithelial-mesenchymal transition signals and complement response in the tumor microenvironment and possibly contributing to coagulation defects related to cancer development.
Six novel Micromonospora species associated with the phyllosphere and roots of leguminous plants: Micromonospora alfalfae sp. nov., Micromonospora cabrerizensis sp. nov., Micromonospora foliorum sp. nov., Micromonospora hortensis sp. nov., Micromonospora salmantinae sp. nov., and Micromonospora trifolii sp. nov.
Authors: Riesco Raúl , Ortúzar Maite , Román-Ponce Brenda , Sánchez-Juanes Fernando , Igual José Mariano , Trujillo Martha E.
Published: November 2022

Six actinobacterial strains isolated from diverse legume tissues collected in various locations in Spain were characterized to determine their taxonomic status. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the strains were primarily identified as members of the genus

Micromonospora

with more than 99 % similarity. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization values and average nucleotide identities between the six strains and the nearest type strains confirmed that each strain represented a novel species. Genome sequences were analysed to infer their metabolic profiles, their potential to produce secondary metabolites and plant growth promoting features. Chemotaxonomic and physiological studies were carried out to complete the phenotypic characterization and to distinguish the new

Micromonospora

species. The genomic and phenotypic characterization of the

Micromonospora

strains strongly support their classification as representatives of new species with the following names: Micromonospora alfalfae sp. nov., Micromonospora cabrerizensis sp. nov., Micromonospora foliorum sp. nov., Micromonospora hortensis sp. nov., Micromonospora salmantinae sp. nov. and Micromonospora trifolii sp. nov., with the type strains MED01T, LAH09T, PSH25T, NIE111T, PSH03T and NIE79T, respectively.
A relationship between Emotional intelligence and perceived parenting styles among undergraduate in Delhi University, India
Authors: Mishra Dipti , Singh Ranjana
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Emotional Intelligence makes a major contribution and important factor in mental health. Parenting plays a pivotal role in training emotional intelligence because parents are responsible for the overall development of child. Not many studies have been done to find the association between emotional intelligence and parenting style. The objective of the study was to find the level of emotional intelligence in college students and if there is an association with perceived parenting style whether gender was as an effect modifier on the relationship between emotional intelligence and parenting style among young adults.

Methods

The study was conducted as a cross sectional study among college students in the age group of 18 to 24years. The study revealed that majority of the participants reported their parents parenting style as authoritative, followed by authoritarian.

Result

The proportion of authoritative father was 36% and authoritative mother was 37%. In this study the parenting style of mother was authoritative for both genders. The study results showed maternal authoritarian style (OR=0.3; 95%CI: 0.1, 0.5) and permissive style (OR=0.2; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.2) was negatively associated with high emotional quotient when compared to authoritative parenting style. Gender was an effect modifier in relationship between emotional intelligence and parenting style of father.

Conclusion

Emotional intelligence can be learned and modified and parents play a crucial rule in emotional development of child. They should acknowledge the developmental needs of child, listens to them, give them freedom and independence and also hold them accountable for their mistakes and behavior.
A study on packed cell volume for deducing hemoglobin: Cholistani camels in perspective
Authors: Farooq Umer , Idris Musadiq , Lashari Mushtaq Hussain , Ahmad Shahbaz , Sajjad Nouman , Zia-Ur-Rehman  , Rashid Haroon , Mahmood Aisha , Hameed Sajid
Published: November 2022

In human medical practice, a hematological rule of three has been validated for healthy human populations. One such formula is estimating hemoglobin (Hb) levels as 1/3rdof Packed Cell Volume (PCV). However, no such hematological formulae have been devised and validated for veterinary medical practice. The present study was devised with an aim to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) in camels (n=215) being reared under pastoralism, and to devise a simple pen-side hematological formula for estimation of Hb from PCV. The PCV was determined through microhematocrit method whereas Hb estimation by cyanmethaemoglobin method (HbD). The Hb was also calculated as 1/3rdof PCV and was dubbed as calculated Hb (HbC). Overall HbD and HbC were significantly (P≥0.05) different. Similar results were attained for all study groupsi.e. males (n=94) and females (n=121), and young (n=85) and adult (n=130) camels. The corrected Hb (CHb) was deduced through regression prediction equation attained from linear regression model. Scatter-plots were drawn, linear regression was carried out, and Bland Altman chart was built for agreement of both methods of Hb estimation. A non-significant (P≥0.05) difference was noticed between HbD and CHb. Bland Altman chart revealed good agreement between HbD and CHb and there was no proportional bias on the distribution of data around the mean difference line (Mean= 0.1436, 95% CI= 3.00, -2.72). We accordingly recommend a simplified pen-side hematological formula for deducing Hb concentration from PCVviz. Hb concentration (g/dL)=0.18(PCV)+5.4 for all age and gender groups of camels instead of its calculation as one-third of PCV.
Deciphering anti-infectious compounds from Peruvian medicinalCordoncillosextract library through multiplexed assays and chemical profiling
Authors: Vásquez-Ocmín Pedro G. , Cojean Sandrine , Roumy Vincent , Marti Guillaume , Pomel Sébastien , Gadea Alice , Leblanc Karine , Dennemont Indira , Ruiz-Vásquez Liliana , Cotrina Hivelli Ricopa , Mesia Wilfredo Ruiz , Bertani Stéphane , Mesia Lastenia Ruiz , Maciuk Alexandre
Published: November 2022

High prevalence of parasitic or bacterial infectious diseases in some world areas is due to multiple reasons, including a lack of an appropriate health policy, challenging logistics and poverty. The support to research and development of new medicines to fight infectious diseases is one of the sustainable development goals promoted by World Health Organization (WHO). In this sense, the traditional medicinal knowledge substantiated by ethnopharmacology is a valuable starting point for drug discovery. This work aims at the scientific validation of the traditional use ofPiperspecies (“Cordoncillos”) as firsthand anti-infectious medicines. For this purpose, we adapted a computational statistical model to correlate the LCMS chemical profiles of 54 extracts from 19Piperspecies to their corresponding anti-infectious assay results based on 37 microbial or parasites strains. We mainly identified two groups of bioactive compounds (called features as they are considered at the analytical level and are not formally isolated). Group 1 is composed of 11 features being highly correlated to an inhibiting activity on 21 bacteria (principally Gram-positive strains), one fungus (C. albicans), and one parasite (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense). The group 2 is composed of 9 features having a clear selectivity onLeishmania(all strains, both axenic and intramacrophagic). Bioactive features in group 1 were identified principally in the extracts ofPiper strigosumandP. xanthostachyum. In group 2, bioactive features were distributed in the extracts of 14Piperspecies. This multiplexed approach provided a broad picture of the metabolome as well as a map of compounds putatively associated to bioactivity. To our knowledge, the implementation of this type of metabolomics tools aimed at identifying bioactive compounds has not been used so far.
A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India
Authors: Chakrapani Venkatesan , Newman Peter A. , Shunmugam Murali , Rawat Shruta , Mohan Biji R. , Baruah Dicky , Tepjan Suchon
Published: November 2022

Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people’s health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevalence; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical services in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Overall, LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non- communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Dedicated funding and training for junior investigators conducting LGBTQI+ health research is crucial to building a comprehensive evidence base to inform health policies and programs.
Median eminence myelin continuously turns over in adult mice
Authors: Buller Sophie , Kohnke Sara , Hansford Robert , Shimizu Takahiro , Richardson William D , Blouet Clemence
Published: November 2022

Objective

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation is regulated by nutritional signals in the adult median eminence (ME), but the consequences on local myelination are unknown. The aim of this study was to characterise myelin plasticity in the ME of adult mice in health or in response to chronic nutritional challenge.

Methods

We assessed new oligodendrocyte and myelin generation and stability in the ME of healthy adult male mice using bromodeoxyuridine labelling and genetic fate mapping tools. We assessed the contribution of microglia to ME myelin plasticity in PLX5622-treated C57BL6/J mice and inPdgfra-Cre/ERT2;R26R-eYFP;Myrffl/flmice, where adult oligodendrogenesis is genetically blunted. Finally, we investigated how 45% high fat diet or 70% caloric restriction feeding paradigms impact ME oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination in C57BL6/J mice.

Results

We show that myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) are continuously and rapidly generated in the adult ME. Paradoxically, OL number and myelin amounts remain remarkably stable in the adult ME. In fact, the high rate of new OL and myelin generation in the ME is offset by continuous turnover of both. We show that microglia are required for continuous OL and myelin production, and that ME myelin plasticity regulates the recruitment of local immune cells. Finally, we provide evidence that ME myelination is regulated by the body’s energetic status, decreased in calorie-restricted animals, and increased in mice fed a high fat diet.

Conclusions

This study uncovers a previously unappreciated form of ME structural plasticity and mechanism of myelin remodeling in the adult brain.
Evaluating Quantitative and Functional MRI As Potential Techniques to Identify the Subdivisions in the Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Authors: Yildirim Irem , Hekmatyar Khan , Schneider Keith A.
Published: November 2022

Segmenting the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) divisions of the human lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) has been challenging yet remains an important goal because the LGN is the only place in the brain where these two information streams are spatially disjoint and can be studied independently. Previous research used the amplitude of responses to different types of stimuli to separate M and P regions (Denison et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2015). However, this method is confounded because the hilum region of the LGN exhibits greater response amplitudes to all stimuli and can be mistaken for the M subdivision (DeSimone & Schneider, 2019). Therefore, we have employed two independent methodologies that do not rely upon the functional response properties of the M and P neurons to segment the M and P regions: 1) structural quantitative MRI (qMRI) at 3T to measure the T1 relaxation time, and 2) monocular and dichoptic functional MRI (fMRI) procedures to measure eye-specific responses. Our qMRI results agreed with the anatomical expectations, identifying M regions on the ventromedial surface of the LGN. The monocular fMRI procedure was better than the dichoptic condition to identify the eye-dominance signals. Both procedures revealed significant right eye bias, and neither could reliably identify the first M layer of the LGN. These findings indicated that the qMRI methods are promising whereas the functional identification of contralateral layers requires further refinement.

Highlights

T1 parameter in qMRI segregates M and P regions of LGN in individual subjects at 3T.

Eye-specific voxels in LGN respond more strongly to monocular than dichoptic viewing.

Clusters of eye-specific regions but not layers can be separated at 1.5 mm resolution.
Cross-linking mass spectrometry discovers, evaluates, and validates the experimental and predicted structural proteome
Authors: Bartolec Tara K. , Vázquez-Campos Xabier , Norman Alexander , Luong Clement , Payne Richard J. , Wilkins Marc R. , Mackay Joel P. , Low Jason K. K.
Published: November 2022

Significant recent advances in structural biology, particularly in the field of cryo-electron microscopy, have dramatically expanded our ability to create structural models of proteins and protein complexes. However, many proteins remain refractory to these approaches because of their low abundance, low stability or – in the case of complexes – simply not having yet been analysed. Here, we demonstrate the power of combining cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) with artificial intelligence-based structure prediction to discover and experimentally substantiate models for protein and protein complex structures at proteome scale. We present the deepest XL-MS dataset to date, describing 28,910 unique residue pairs captured across 4,084 unique human proteins and 2,110 unique protein-protein interactions. We show that integrative models of complexes driven by AlphaFold Multimer and inspired and corroborated by the XL-MS data offer new opportunities to deeply mine the structural proteome and interactome and reveal new mechanisms underlying protein structure and function.
Targeting Staufen 1 with antisense oligonucleotides for treating ALS and SCA2
Authors: Scoles Daniel R. , Paul Sharan , Dansithong Warunee , Figueroa Karla P. , Gandelman Mandi , Royzen Feliks , Anderson Collin J. , Pulst Stefan M.
Published: November 2022

Staufen1 (STAU1) is a multifunctional RNA binding protein that controls mRNA degradation and subcellular localization. STAU1 interacts with the ATXN2 protein, that is polyglutamine expanded in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). We previously showed that STAU1 is elevated and aggregated in cells from SCA2 patients, cells from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, and in SCA2 and ALS mouse models. We also found that reduction of STAU1 abundancein vivoby genetic interaction improved motor behavior in an SCA2 mouse model, normalized the levels of several SCA2-related proteins, and reduced aggregation of polyglutamine-expanded ATXN2. Here we developed antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) lowering STAU1 expression toward developing a therapeutic that may be effective for treating SCA2 and ALS. We performed a screen of 118 20mer phosphorothioate 2’-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) ASO gapmers targeting across theSTAU1mRNA coding region for lowering STAU1 expression in HEK-293 cells. ASO hits lowering STAU1 by >45 % were rescreened in SCA2 patient fibroblasts, and 10 of these were tested for lowering STAU1 abundancein vivoin a new BAC-STAU1 mouse model. This identified efficacious ASOs targeting humanSTAU1 in vivothat normalized autophagy marker proteins, including ASO-45 that also targets mouseStau1. When delivered by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, ASO-45 normalized autophagy markers and abnormal mRNA abundances in cerebella of ATXN2-Q127 SCA2 mice, as well as ChAT, NeuN and cleaved caspase-3 in spinal cord ofThy1-TDP-43 transgenic mice. TargetingSTAU1may be an effective strategy for treating ALS and SCA2 as well as other disorders characterized by its overabundance.
Malaria drives unique regulatory responses across multiple immune cell subsets
Authors: Dooley Nicholas L. , Chabikwa Tinashe G. , Pava Zuleima , Loughland Jessica R. , Hamelink Julianne , Berry Kiana , Andrew Dean , Soon Megan S.F. , SheelaNair Arya , Piera Kim A. , William Timothy , Barber Bridget E. , Grigg Matthew J. , Engwerda Christian R. , López J. Alejandro , Anstey Nicholas M. , Boyle Michelle J.
Published: November 2022

Plasmodium falciparummalaria results in immunoregulatory responses across multiple cell subsets, which protects the individual from inflammatory mediated immunopathogenesis. However, these anti-inflammatory responses also hamper the development of effective anti-parasitic immunity. Understanding malaria induced tolerogenic responses in specific cell subsets may inform the development of strategies to boost protective immunity during drug treatment and vaccination. Here, we analysed the immune landscape with single cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during falciparum malaria and at convalescence in children and adults from a low malaria transmission area in Malaysia. To understand malaria driven changes specific to each immune cell subset, we interrogated transcriptional changes in sub-clustered major immune cell types during infection. We found that malaria drove development of immunosuppressive monocytes, alongside NK and γδ T cells which regulated inflammatory function but maintained cytolytic capacity. IL10-producing CD4 T cells and IL10-producing regulatory B cells were also induced. Type I interferon responses were identified across all cell types, linking Type I interferon signalling with the induction of immunoregulatory networks during malaria. Together, these findings provide insights into cell-specific and shared immunoregulatory changes induced during malaria, and provides a data set resource for additional analysis of anti-parasitic immunity and disease pathogenesis.
Novel therapeutic strategies for injured endometrium: Autologous intrauterine transplantation of menstrual blood-derived cells from infertile patients
Authors: Hosoya Satoshi , Yokomizo Ryo , Kishigami Harue , Fujiki Yukiko , Kaneko Erika , Amita Mitsuyoshi , Saito Takakazu , Kishi Hiroshi , Sago Haruhiko , Okamoto Aikou , Umezawa Akihiro
Published: November 2022

Background

Menstrual blood-derived cells show regenerative potential as a mesenchymal stem cell and may therefore be a novel stem cell source of treatment for refractory infertility with injured endometrium. However, there have been few pre-clinical studies using cells from infertile patients, which needs to be addressed before establishing an autologous transplantation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic capacity of menstrual blood-derived cells from infertile patients on endometrial infertility.

Methods

We collected menstrual blood-derived cells from volunteers and infertile patients, and confirmed their mesenchymal stem cell phenotype by flowcytometry and induction of tri-lineage differentiation. We compared the proliferative and paracrine capacities of these cells. Furthermore, we also investigated the regenerative potential and safety concerns of the intrauterine transplantation of infertile patient-derived cells using a mouse model with mechanically injured endometrium.

Results

Menstrual blood-derived cells from both infertile patients and volunteers showed phenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells.In vitroproliferative and paracrine capacities for wound healing and angiogenesis were equal for both samples. Furthermore, the transplantation of infertile patient-derived cells into uterine horns of the mouse model ameliorated endometrial thickness, prevented fibrosis and improved fertility outcomes without any apparent complications.

Conclusions

In our preclinical study, intrauterine transplantation of menstrual blood-derived cells may be a novel and attractive stem cell source for the curative and prophylactic therapy for injured endometrium. Further studies will be warranted for future clinical application.
Xrn2 substrate mapping identifies torpedo loading sites and extensive premature termination of RNA pol II transcription
Authors: Cortazar Michael A. , Erickson Benjamin , Fong Nova , Pradhan Sarala J. , Ntini Evgenia , Bentley David L.
Published: November 2022

The exonuclease torpedo Xrn2 loads onto nascent RNA 5′-PO4ends and chases down pol II to promote termination downstream from polyA sites. We report that Xrn2 is recruited to preinitiation complexes and “travels” to 3′ ends of genes. Mapping of 5′-PO4ends in nascent RNA identified Xrn2 loading sites stabilized by an active site mutant, Xrn2(D235A). Xrn2 loading sites are approximately two to 20 bases downstream from where CPSF73 cleaves at polyA sites and histone 3′ ends. We propose that processing of all mRNA 3′ ends comprises cleavage and limited 5′–3′ trimming by CPSF73, followed by handoff to Xrn2. A similar handoff occurs at tRNA 3′ ends, where cotranscriptional RNase Z cleavage generates novel Xrn2 substrates. Exonuclease-dead Xrn2 increased transcription in 3′ flanking regions by inhibiting polyA site-dependent termination. Surprisingly, the mutant Xrn2 also rescued transcription in promoter-proximal regions to the same extent as in 3′ flanking regions. eNET-seq revealed Xrn2-mediated degradation of sense and antisense nascent RNA within a few bases of the TSS, where 5′-PO4ends may be generated by decapping or endonucleolytic cleavage. These results suggest that a major fraction of pol II complexes terminates prematurely close to the start site under normal conditions by an Xrn2-mediated torpedo mechanism.
Crystal structure of poly[tetrakis(4-methylanilinium) [octa-μ-chlorido-dichloridotricadmium(II)]]: a two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite
Authors: Subashini A. , Crochet Aurelien , Ramamurthi K. , Ramesh Babu R. , Stoeckli-Evans Helen
Published: November 2022

The title polymeric compound, (C7H10N)4[Cd3Cl10], involves a centrosymmetric [Cd3Cl10]4− tetra-anion, which is made up of three face-sharing CdCl6 octahedra, linked by four corner Cl atoms, forming layers propagating in the ab plane. The p-methylanilinium cations, situated between the layers, form N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds to the layers, which stack up the c-axis direction. There are no π–π or C—H...π interactions involving the aromatic rings, which are inclined to each other by 42.3 (1) ° in the asymmetric unit.
Analysis of large-scale correlations on temperatures over Iraq
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Wheed , Al-Asadi Kadhim Abdul Wahab Hassan
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of communicating with your esteemed magazine is your continuous support with Arab researchers and your sponsorship of research on the Arab world.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design was based on the APA style, and the methodology used in this research study is statistical and applied analysis to reach the desired results.

Findings

The results of this study provide an interesting perspective on the factors that influence changes in variables in Iraq: The prevailing patterns of temperature in Iraq are characterized by a clear pattern, and it is noticeable that they are linked to patterns of distance connection, but it is affected by some local influences, including the different terrain in Iraq. The highest values recorded by the correlation relationship were for the oscillation NAO and EA-WR with −0.812, −0.805, respectively. It is clear from the results that the correlation values are different between the northern and southern stations regions, and that the most influential appeared during the month of January, meaning that the effects of the remote correlation patterns are clearer during the winter season. Most of the correlation values of temperature were at the significance level of 0.5 and 0.1, in addition to that, the correlation was inverse, meaning that when the values of the distance correlation patterns rise, the temperature rates drop above the study stations and vice versa. The effect of SOI appeared during the months of December, April and May, and it recorded a strong correlation with the temperature variable. Most of the oscillations showed different effects with temperature, and it cannot be inferred that the effect is subjected and affected by the oscillation without reference to the extensions of pressure systems and their effects on the local conditions over Iraq.

Research limitations/implications

There are no restrictions.

Originality/value

The topic of the research is one of the modern topics that researchers have not taken up in a large way, and the apparent thesis in the research is one of the effects of the newly observed climate changes with the aim of addressing and limiting the effects of these phenomena on the Arab world.
Storytelling as a multidimensional pedagogical tool in practice-based doctoral training for design disciplines
Authors: Ottaviani Dorotea , De Marinis Cecilia , Buoli Alice
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The paper investigates the pivotal role of storytelling as a pedagogical tool in tertiary education, specifically in the context of the practice-based doctoral framework in design disciplines. In such a doctoral model, storytelling assumes different meanings and nuances that open to a study in relation to the self-reflective process at the core of the learning paradigm.

Design/methodology/approach

The research methodology integrates a qualitative and participatory approach with visual and design-based methods through which the authors interact with primary sources (the body of work of PhD candidates) and relevant research literature.

Findings

Drawing on the expanding field of creative practice research, the research work evidences the emergence of storytelling as a research method and learning tool applied at different levels of the candidates' Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) journey and provides methodological insights into the practice-based doctoral training paradigm.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates the role of storytelling as a learning tool and evidences the multiple levels that storytelling assumes over the course of a practice-based doctoral journey, integrating processual, operational and contextual dimensions.
Intermediate short food supply chains: a systematic review
Authors: Renkema Marije , Hilletofth Per
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Intermediate short food supply chains (SFSC) have been presented as a possible solution to unsustainable global food supply chains. There is currently a knowledge gap about intermediate SFSC. Thus, this review synthesizes the available literature to identify prominent themes and their main considerations.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is based on a systematic literature review including peer-reviewed journal articles until December 2021. Inductive data coding resulted in the identification of four themes related to intermediate SFSC.

Findings

The identified themes illustrate the complex landscape intermediate SFSCs operate in and focus on the key relationships within these supply chains. The established relationships have implications for the governance of intermediate SFSCs. The organization of intermediate SFSCs affects numerous sustainability indicators.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should focus on the position intermediate SFSCs have in food systems and the roles intermediaries have in intermediate SFSCs. There is furthermore an opportunity for researchers to investigate different types of intermediaries and explore the factors influencing them.

Originality/value

Creating sustainable food supply chains is one of the major societal challenges of today. The current state of the art suggests that intermediate SFSCs could play an important role in achieving this. So far, this area is underdeveloped and this review highlights knowledge gaps in the literature and suggestions for a future research agenda are proposed.