bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Phenolic Content in Moringa oleifera and Its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Das Sourav Kumar , J. Bharanii Dharan , P.V. Pavitra , Das Sriya , Behera Smruti Prangya , Veilumuthu P. , Christopher J. Godwin
Published: January 2021

Background: One of the most commonly cultivated plant is Moringa oleifera because it has high medicinal in South India and nutritional values. The phytochemicals in it are widely used for the rapeutic purposes. It has a high economic value because of its usefulness traditionally and has a vast number of bioactive compounds. Phenol is one of the most common antimicrobial compounds found in the seeds of M. oleifera. Methods: In this study we aim to analyse Total Phenolic Compound (TPC) and to observe its antimicrobial activity. Seed extracts were prepared using ethanol in Soxhlet apparatus for 36 hrs. The quantification of phenolic compound was done by spectrophotometric method using gallic acid as standard. The crude extract was characterized by HPLC and FTIR, showed that it contained phenol compounds confirmed by specific peak in some areas. FTIR and showed that it contained phenol compounds confirmed by specific peak in some areas. FTIR revealed the following bonds: 3280.92 cm-1 (O–H groups of phenols), 2922.16 cm-1 (C-H groups of phenols), 1544.98 cm-1 (C=O carbonyl group) and 1230.58 (C-O group of phenol) and 1743.65 cm-1 (C=C group of aromatic compounds). Whereas HPLC analysis of and library search confirmed peaks matches with Gallic acid standard. Moringa seeds were characterized by FTIR before extracted. Therefore the highest Total Phenolic Compound found to be 11.85 mg GAE/g (Gallic Acid Equivalent) was reached at 1: 5 ethanol solvent ratio and 3 days extraction time. Conclusion: This M. oleifera extract showed antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 8561), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160) and Proteus mirabilis (MTCC 3310). The anti-microbial activity of the M. oleifera seed is due to the presence of various phytochemicals like phenols. Also it exhibits, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that proves further research is needed to elucidate other bioactive compounds over other pathogens.
Impact of Heated, Acidified Volcanic Ash and Manures on Properties of Marginal Soil and Growth of Soybean
Authors: . Khusrizal , . Basyaruddin , Rahayu M.S. , Pradipta R. , . Nasruddin
Published: January 2021

Background: The nutrients released from volcanic ash and manures can enhance soil fertility and plant growth. Weathering of minerals in volcanic ash depends on water, temperature and acids. This study aims to examine the influence of heated and acidified volcanic ash and their combination with manures on pH and nutrient levels of marginal soil and soybean growth. Methods: The study was designed using a factorial Randomized Block Design, consisted of two factors with three replications. The first factor was heated and acidified volcanic ash (VA) and the second factor was cow manures (CM) which consist of three levels. Result: The results showed that various of VA treatment, as well as its combination with CM on marginal soils exhibited acidic soil pH, Total-N, exchangeable-K, -Ca were low, while available P and exchangeable-Mg were classified moderate. Various treatments of VA and their combination with CM did not significantly interact on all parameters, except some parameters of soybean. Application of VA and CM on marginal soil interacted significantly on plant height and weight of 100 grains only.
Single Marker Analysis in Groundnut for Tolerance to in vitro Seed Colonization by Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Contamination
Authors: Nadaf Hasanali , Babu B.N. Harish , Chandrashekhara G. , Savithramma D.L. , Naik Manjunath K.
Published: January 2021

Background: Aflatoxin contamination in groundnut is a serious health concern for both humans and ruminants. Genetic resistance is a viable, cost-effective and eco-friendly approach to manage aflatoxin contamination. Molecular markers particularly SSRs have been proved to be very effective in Marker Assisted Selection. Methods: In this study, single marker analysis using 30 SSR markers in 66 groundnut genotypes was executed to know if any selected SSRs were linked to in vitro seed colonization by Aspergillus flavus (IVSCAF) and/or aflatoxin contamination. Result: Single marker analysis revealed significant association of few SSR markers with tolerance to IVSCAF and/or aflatoxin contamination. Four markers viz., GM-1954, GM-1883, pPGPseq-2F05 and S-03 were found to be associated with in vitro seed colonization by A. flavus. The marker GM-1954 has shown a maximum R2 value of 14.07 indicating that 14.07 per cent phenotypic variation for IVSCAF has been explained by this marker (F=0.002**). Further, three markers viz., S-21, S-80 and GM-1954 were found to be associated with tolerance to aflatoxin contamination. It is evident from the results that, the marker GM 1954 has shown association with both IVSCAF as well as aflatoxin contamination. However, the R2 value of GM 1954, which explains the phenotypic variation for aflatoxin contamination, was less (6.21) as compared to that of IVSCAF (14.07).
RETRO AS AN OBJECT OF LINGUISTIC STUDY
Authors:   Moscow state linguistic university, Murashova Ekaterina P.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with retro as a separate object of linguistic study. Rapid informatization and digitalization raise demand for the «aesthetics of the past», which results in promotion of the values of old times in mass culture. The growing popularity of retro necessitates studying retro from different perspectives, including the linguistic one. At present the phenomenon of retro is insufficiently covered in linguistics, therefore, one needs to specify the linguistic status of retro and develop corresponding terminology. In the present paper an attempt is made to formulate a definition of retro relevant to further linguistic study of retro. Having made an overview of approaches to retro in marketing, art and design, axiology and linguistics, the author differentiates between similar terms like «retro», «stylization», «nostalgia», «antiquity» and «vintage» and suggests two understandings of retro – a broad understanding and a narrow one. The former treats retro as a linguo-cultural concept, a complex hybrid phenomenon bringing together verbal and non-verbal means of manifesting the past, the present and the future to evoke nostalgia and create new cultural knowledge. The latter presupposes that retro is a number of means of verbalizing the past and a structural and meaningful unit of discourse, connecting the past, the present and the future. Either of the understandings facilitates a promising direction in linguistic research into retro. Special attention is paid to the axiological dimension of retro, i.e. its ability to manifest the main eco-humanitarian values – physicality, subjectivity and spirituality, hence, the feasibility of an axiological approach to retro.
«GERMAN GRAMMAR» BY JACOB GRIMM AND SCHOOL GERMAN GRAMMAR BOOKS IN THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY GERMANY
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Lukin Oleg V.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the place of J. Grimm's «German grammar» among school German grammar books of the XIX century Germany. The work that appeared at the beginning of the century opened a new page in the history of linguistics – the development of comparative historical language study and the formation of linguistics as a science. The paper provides information on some of the most important German grammar textbooks in Germany of the XIX century, used in secondary schools. They were grammar books by J. Ch. Gottsched, J. Ch. Adelung, J. Ch. A. Heyse, J. G. Radlof, S. G. A. Herling, F. J. Schmitthenner, M. W. Götzinger, etc. The author of the article compares J. Grimm's «German grammar» with the above-mentioned grammar works of that time and puts forward a hypothesis that in the XIX century Germany there appeared an opposition between scientific approach to grammar and that of school grammar books, which, according to the author, reflects dramatically different goals set by both sides. Unlike school textbooks which task is to consistently initiate students into the system of their native language, often on the basis of the matrix created by Alexandrian grammarians, scientific grammar is based on the results of linguistic research and seeks to answer questions about language phenomena. J. Grimm rejected any normative grammar based on logics, that resulting in the aversion on the part of the pedagogical community. Nevertheless, the publication of «German grammar» resulted in appearance of German language textbooks the writers of which tried to build their work on the basis of Grimm’s work, thereby contributing to the popularization of the ideas of the great linguist both among the pedagogical community and the students (A. F. H. Vilmar and K. A. J. Hoffmann).
BASIC THEORETICAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE CONCEPT OF TEXT TONALITY
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Bogdanova Tatiyana F. , Boichuk Elena I. ,   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky
Published: January 2021

The undertaken research is devoted to the analysis of the concept of text tonality in modern linguistics. The article discusses the definition of the concept of tonality in Russian, English, French and Chinese dictionaries. In studies on the linguistics of the text, the concept of tonality is defined as a category in which the emotional-volitional attitude of the author of the text is reflected. Within the framework of the cognitive approach, it is considered as a complex category in which the determined tonality of the text depends not only on the speaker's personality, his individual understanding of the subject of speech (associations and assessment of the subject), but also on his level of culture, emotional mood. Over the past 20 years, the concept of sentiment has been actively used in the field of computational linguistics, in international research on automatic text analysis. The term «tonality» (or «sentiment») refers to the emotional assessment expressed in the text. The interpretation of this concept is directly related to the emotional component. It is quite logical that the emotive function of language is distinguished in linguistic literature, the purpose of which is to implement a specific form of emotional communication of people. So, the concepts of tonality and emotivity come into close connection with each other, but nevertheless they cannot be considered identical, since tonality as a category of text is a broader concept than emotivity. This is due to the fact that tonality has some polarity, while emotivity is represented by a palette of emotions and can refer the text to either a positive or negative tonality.
«BOBOK» BY F. M. DOSTOEVSKY: TO THE PROBLEM OF THE GENRE
Authors:   OOO NPO «Krista», Gavrilova Liana A.
Published: January 2021

Тhe article raises the problem of the genre of the work of F. M. Dostoevsky «Bobok», actualized by M. M. Bakhtin, but still of scientific interest. The purpose of the article is to clarify the understanding of the genre of the «Bobok» work existing in literary criticism. The objectives of the research are related to the identification in the «Bobok» story of the signs of the genres of vision and anecdote and the definition of their role in the formation of the genre specificity of the work and its semantic organization. The article uses an integrated approach to the analysis of the «Bobok» story, including the philological and structural analysis of the text. As a result of the study, the conclusion is drawn: the consideration of the «cemetery history» in the «Bobok» story from the standpoint of the medieval genre of vision – more precisely, the vision-test as a variety of the genre of vision – and the anecdote characteristic of the cultural tradition of the time of F. M. Dostoevsky and his work the structural and synthetic nature of the genre of this work. The vision and anecdote are inserted genres in the «Bobok» story reinforcing its versatility. The vision and the anecdote interact with each other. The appeal to these genres allows F. M. Dostoevsky to combine in his story the traditions of Christian literature of the past, folklore and the literary tradition of the present. The presence of the genres of vision and anecdote in the «Bobok» story allows us to define the positions of the author of the story and his hero: the genre of vision accentuates the position of the author, who creates a situation of spiritual and moral test for the hero; the genre of the joke accentuates the position of the hero, who demonstrates his inner ideological, spiritual and moral paradox. The synthesis of genres within the framework of one literary work forms a complex, multi-focus, optics of seeing the world and man.
ACTUALIZATION, MYTHOLOGIZATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE LITERARY HERO: THE STIRLITZ PHENOMENON
Authors:   Vologda state university, Yakusheva Lyudmila A.
Published: January 2021

Conceptualization of artistic actions of the last XX century is a natural and logical process. In the cultural studies discourse of the Soviet cultural typology we can see a sustained interest in educational problems based on visualized acts of a semiotic and semantic range, which are defined through the cultural context of the epoch. The most recognizable sign-index of the 1970s (in terms of time, ideological system and Soviet mentality) is Maxim IsaevStierlitz. On the one hand, this is an image which artistic value was questioned even when it had appeared. On the other hand, mass popularity turned Stierlitz in a precedent phenomenon, and the consideration of canonization conditions inspired this research. The article continues the author's series of publications dedicated to «homo soveticus» and the phenomena of the Soviet era – communal apartments, shop lines, summer cottages. The author, based on her intuition and also on the synthesis of cultural and literary analysis, actualizes resources of myth-based criticism and history of memory, and reconstructs one of the most popular myth-images in literature and cinema of the second half of the XX century – the image of the popular Soviet spy. The research focuses on the reasons of Stierlitz’s mass popularity, archetypal qualities of this character, and its perception by difference cultural generations. The author analyzes vectors of this character’s mythologization.
MODERN CINEMA AS A REFLEXIVE FIELD OF AMBIUTOPISM
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Didkovskaya Nataliya A. , Bertova Svetlana P. ,   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky
Published: January 2021

The relevance of the study is justified by several points. First of all, it lies in the fact that the topic of ambiutopianity, as well as separately utopia and dystopia, is an eternal philosophical issue, reflected in social practice. The desire of some to live in an ideal society and the denial of such an opportunity by others demonstrates the eternal clash of radical doctrines of the existence of society, which are reflected in ambiutopic cinema. It is also relevant that the phenomenon of ambiutopicity is considered in its cinematic refraction, and today cinema is one of the sought-after forms of art that characterizes it as an important component of the everyday, real world. The process of complicating the genres of utopia and dystopia in cinema and the emergence of a new genre of ambiutopia, in which an ambivalent combination of utopianism and dystopianism are achieved, charged with all their pros and cons, is traced. Formulated and studied are the typological features of anti-utopia such as: pseudocarnival, the hero’s eccentricity, the ritualization of life and its destruction, ideological and semantic allegoricality.
FEATURES OF THE AMERICAN PERIOD OF ICON PAINTER P.M. SOFRONOV’S WORK
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Yurieva Tatiyana V.
Published: January 2021

The article for the first time gives an analysis of the work of the world famous, but little studied in Russia, Old Believer icon painter and restorer icons Pimen Maksimovich Sofronov in the third, American period. The author systematizes scattered information about his artistic activities in the United States, makes a chronology of the creation of his works during this period, and makes an analysis of them. The description of the temples where P.M. Sofronov worked, and the painting of their interiors, is given for the first time in scientific literature. Analyzing the biographical data and the work of the icon painter in the third, American period, which turned out to be the longest, the author of the article concludes that at this time the quality of the master's work is changing. Since, in Europe, P.M. Sofronov gained the experience of wall painting of churches, now, in North America, he was able to fully realize this side of his talent by making the transition from easel icon painting to monumental painting. Now the researcher's attention has been given to extensive temple complexes, often consisting of both stenographs and iconostases, which have their own specific program. The author interprets the canon in accordance with the architectural space that is provided to him for painting. Each time it is a new theological and artistic task. Having completed such major works as paintings of the interiors of Trinity Cathedral in Brooklyn, the Church of the Three Saints in Ansonia, the Church of Peter and Paul in Syracuse, the Vladimir Church in Trenton, St. Trinity in Weinland, the artist made a significant contribution to the church art of Russian emigration.
THE FUNCTIONAL ASPECT OF THE ZERO NAME IN THE STORIES BY VLADIMIR NABOKOV
Authors:   St. Petersburg state university, Kovaliov Boris V. , Pugach Vadim E. ,   St. Petersburg state university
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the functions of the zero name of proper characters in V. V. Nabokov's short prose. The factors are highlighted on the basis of which an attempt can be made to classify zero names in Nabokov's texts. The first factor is the grammatical person from whom the story is told. Particular cases related to narration from the first and third person are analyzed. The second factor is who in the text is the bearer of the zero name: the main character or the minor one? The authors pay special attention to antonomazia as a way of replacing a proper name with a null name. In the course of the study, it turns out that antonomazia can be used as a means of characterizing a character, as well as a reference not to a specific image, but to a certain class. The third factor is the possible taboo of the name as a technique. In the course of the research, two types of tabooing of a proper name are distinguished: religious and sociopsychological. The second part of the article analyzes V. V. Nabokov's story «The Razor» as an example of a text, on the basis of which one can prove the assertion about the polyfunctionality of a null name. The nomination of each character is studied in detail. The authors conclude that the opposition of full and null names plays a key role in building conflict in the plot. Moreover, the opposition of different types of nominations is a technique that determines the structure of the text, its semantic and associative levels. Based on a review of a number of Nabokov's texts and a detailed analysis of «The Razor» story, eleven functions of the zero name of V. V. Nabokov's own characters are formulated.
HYPE IN COMMUNICATIONS OF FOREIGN COMPANIES IN CONNECTION WITH THE BLACK LIVES MATTER MOVEMENT
Authors:   St. Petersburg state university of economics, Aksenov Kirill V. , Reshetnikova Ilona D. ,   St. Petersburg state university of economics
Published: January 2021

This article deals with the issue of digital communications of companies representing various areas of activity united by one desire – to try to increase public capital by turning to a specific political process taking place in the United States of America. This is a situation that arose after the murder of African American D. Floyd by a police officer in Minneapolis on May 25, 2020. The authors of this article see the problem of modern society in those situations where individuals or organizations focus exclusively on pseudo-actions, touching on a particular socially important issue. This means, for example, the simplest posts on social networks, which are not followed by actions, or such actions that create a pseudo-event in the information space. The famous American cartoon «The Simpsons» is a bright example, whose representatives published a message on a social network in support of the Black Lives Matter movement, and then offered information that can be described as creating a pseudo-event related to the voice of characters in this animated series. The authors of this article studied messages on social networks of more than 70 different foreign companies, evaluated the reaction of the audience, expressed in the number of likes and retweets, as well as the content of these messages. To the deep regret of the authors of the article, a huge number of messages from various organizations were included in the group of pseudo-actions, not real ones. The authors believe that the problem of such hype communications is no less serious for modern society than the very problems around which such communications arise.
MEDIALING AND STYLISTIC FEATURES OF DIRECT TELEVISION INCLUSION
Authors:   Donetsk national university, Karpiy Sergei V.
Published: January 2021

The phenomenon under study as a branch of linguistics and a unique product of speech and cognitive activity is also subject to characterization, linguo-stylistic analysis, because any communication of society is part of speech genres, and for practicing direct inclusion of journalists it is necessary to have the skills to use an oral television text, which is a linguistic organization that attracts attention audience with its anthropocentric nature. It also has a specific style, which completely depends on the composition and construction of media communication, since the quality of an oral message in the context of direct inclusion depends on its logic, connectedness, accuracy and accessibility. Therefore, direct television inclusion, in addition to the creative component, is a complex syntactic and lexical system, which has communicative and functional significance for the scientific and applied environment. Over the more than twenty years of its development, live broadcasting has not only become a strategic component of air, broadcasting and reporting, but has also generated new dynamic genre forms in television journalism, for example, performance, and this, in turn, has led to the emergence of an important trend in television organizations. Its essence is in relying on the reporter, which led to the emergence of such a concept as «universalism», which modern journalists aspire to in order to cope with all the tasks of television production, and therefore to compete confidently in the labor market.
LANGUAGE MEANS OF FOLK NARRATIVE IN THE STORY BY A. F. PISEMSKY «THE TALE OF THE ROOSTER»
Authors:   Kostroma state university, Fokina Madina A.
Published: January 2021

The article presents a philological analysis of the system of linguistic means that determine the stylistic distinctness of the story by Alexei Feofilaktovich Pisemsky «The tale of the rooster» (1865). The purpose of the study is to identify the structural, semantic and pragmatic properties of the textual key elements that create a speech portrait of the narrator, dialogize his story and provide the semantic integrity of the narrative. The study of linguistic techniques and means of stylization of the colloquial speech in a tale is based on the peculiarities of the subject-speech organization in a work of fiction: the convergence of the first person narrator’s speech and the storyteller’s speech, forming a two-voiced narration; a variety of artistic dialogues that reproduce the folk speech of peasants and district police officers. The pragmatic potential of the analyzed linguistic units is manifested in their active influence on the composition and content organization of the fairy tale narration. The article also examines the key metaphorical images created by the lexico-phraseological and syntactic means. A careful consideration in the analysis is also given to hyperbolic comparative patterns and gradation series, which are expressive characteristics of events and characters’ actions. The fictional dialogues are analyzed in detail, revealing the main conflict of the fairy tale narration: the clash of a greedy and hypocritical police officer with the village peasants who seek to avoid the discontent of the authorities at any cost. The key semantic elements combine separate compositional parts of the story into a common narrative space and enhance the dynamics of the action. Dialogization of the narrative monologue is carried out by including the direct speech of the characters and the active interaction of the subject-speech plans of the narrator and the primary storyteller. The comic undertone in a fairy tale narration is created by textual repetitions of different types, parallel syntactic constructions and gradation series, contextual synonymy and antonymy, evaluative vocabulary and phraseology, which forms the emotiveness of a literary text and conveys the irony of the narrator in relation to the events depicted, as well as the changing feelings and moods of a hypocritical police official. As a result of the study of the linguistic features in the story by A. F. Pisemsky «The tale of the rooster», the author of the article brings into focus a system of speech means and stylization techniques that determine the peculiarities of the tale narration and have a high pragmatic potential, as well as explicate the conceptual content of the text and ensure its structural and semantic integrity.
DOCUMENTARY AND ARTISTIC CHRONOTOPE IN THE NOVEL BY I. S. NIKITIN «THE DIARY OF THE SEMINARIAN»
Authors:   Cherepovets state university, Volodina Nataliya V. , Degtyarev Nikolai A. ,   Cherepovets state university
Published: January 2021

The story «Diary of a seminarian», by I. S. Nikitin, as the name implies, is written in the form of a diary: Nikitin imitates the real diary of a young seminarian. The article makes an assumption about the interaction of two discourses, artistic and documentary, in the text of the story. This interaction manifests itself in relation to the spatio-temporal organization of the world of the work. The narrator's time is subordinated to the documentary discourse, which basically does not coincide with the physical time, but is built in accordance with the psychological characteristics of the main character, the author of the diary. On the other hand, the completeness of the temporary whole of the story, the distribution of time in accordance with the aesthetic tasks solved in the work, signals the influence of artistic discourse. The deployment of an event series is also subordinated to the task of interaction between two types of chronotope. On the one hand, the «mosaic» of this series, the set of events included in the text as if not mandatory, create the illusion of authenticity of what is happening; on the other, all these various inclusions are somehow artistically justified and perform certain aesthetic functions. The unfolding of events «here and now», the abundance of dialogues, direct speech of the characters are characteristic features of the artistic chronotope of Nikitin's story. The optics of perception and the language of describing space in the story are constructed in accordance with the value system of the narrator, manifesting itself in the documentary style of the narrative. On the other hand, the detailed description of the spaces familiar to the narrator serves an artistic function: it creates an image of the Seminary. As a result of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the features of the documentary diary chronotope are associated with the image of the narrator, and the artistic diary chronotope – with the image of the author.
DESCRIPTIVE VERBAL-NOMINAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH CAUSATIVE SEMANTICS IN MODERN RUSSIAN
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Laguzova Evgenia N.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses descriptive verbal-nominal constructions with causative verbal components. The relevance of the study is due to the attention of modern linguistics to the problem of analyticism in the Russian language grammar, the lack of study of the structural and semantic features of analytical constructions with causatives. The novelty of the work consists in identifying the features of the semantic structure of sentences with causative verbal components. A feature of causative DVNC is recognized as dismembered semantics. Two varieties of causative constructions formed by descriptive verbal-nominal constructions are distinguished – sentences with arbitrary and automatic causation. The description of statements draws attention to the main semantic components – causative and causable subjects, methods of their formal expression. Differences in the semantic structure of sentences with spontaneous and automatic causation are shown. The purposefulness of causative action in sentences with spontaneous causation and indirectness of influence in sentences with automatic causation are due to the semantic features of the main components of causative statements with DVNC – the causative and causable subject. Constructions with spontaneous causation form polysubject monopropositive, DVNC with automatic causation form polysubject polypropositive structures. The peculiarity of the semantic structure of additional statements of DVNC unpretentious forms – participal – with causative semantics was noted. In sentences with DVNC unpretentious forms, the incentive is mitigated. Additional statements with DVNC form polypropositive constructions. The development of verbal-nominal constructions with causatives is associated with a tendency to analyticism, characteristic of the modern Russian language grammar. The materials of the article will be used in lexicographic practice – when compiling a dictionary of descriptive verbal-nominal constructions, in teaching special courses on the problem of nomination.
PRESERVING THE MEMORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN THE RUSSIAN ONOMASTIC SPACE
Authors:   Voronezh state university, Popov Sergei A. , Gerasimova Ksenia M. ,   Peoples' friendship university of Russia
Published: January 2021

The subject of analysis in this article is the ranks of proper names that have entered the onomastic space of Russia over the past 75 years, in which the memory of the heroes and events of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 has been preserved. The purpose of the work is to identify the specificity of onomastic units associated with the specified period in the history of our country. The authors of the article suggest calling them heroic toponyms, ergonyms, carabonyms, etc. According to the authors, the onomastic space of the Russian Federation is currently one of the most reliable types of historical memory of the people, since the names, surnames, and occupations of people who have made a significant contribution to the history of a particular settlement, region or country in overall, as well as the names of historical events. The process of this onomastic nomination is presented as part of the state policy of memory. The article examines in the aspect of commemoration toponyms, microtoponyms, oikonyms, urbanonyms, oronyms, carabonyms, astronyms, cosmonyms, ergonyms, as well as modern memorial sports events dedicated to the events and heroes of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The main attention is paid to heroic toponymy, in particular, the specificity of the commemorative nomination in the settlements on the territory of which during the war years hostilities took place (hero cities, cities of military glory, settlements of military valor) are highlighted. The authors come to the conclusion that reliable information about one of the most difficult periods of Russian history will be reliably transmitted from generation to generation through the onomastic space of Russia.
Efek profesionalisme, etika profesi, independensi terhadap kinerja auditor dengan pelatihan auditor sebagai variabel moderasi
Authors: Ing Benedikta Paifum , Halim Abdul , Hariani Lilik Sri
Published: January 2021

This research aims to test the effect of professionalism, professional ethics, independence to auditor performance with auditor training as a moderation variable on auditors of Public Accounting Firm in Malang. The research method used is quantitative method, with sampling used is puposive sampling. The variables of this research consist of professionalism, professional ethics, independence, auditor training and auditor performance. The results showed partial professionalism, professional ethics, independence, auditor training had an effect on auditor performance and auditor training strengthened the effect of professionalism, professional ethics, independence to auditor performance. It is recommended that further research is expected to add other independent variables that affect auditor performance.
Pengaruh intellectual capital terhadap profitabilitas dengan pertumbuhan perusahaan sebagai variabel moderasi
Authors: Angelika Erika , Alfinur  , Sari Ati Retna
Published: January 2021

This study aims to examine and explain the effect of Intellectual Capital on Profitability with Company Growth as a Moderation Variable in Food and Beverage Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018 and analyzed using moderated regression analysis, and using the t test. The number of samples is 13 companies, and the sampling method used is purposive sampling. This research variable consists of Value Added Human Capital, Structural Capital Value Added and Value Added Capital Employed as an independent   variable,  profitability  as  the  dependent  variable,   and   company growth as a moderating variable. The analysis showed that partially VAHU, STVA and sales growth had a significant effect on profitability, and VACA had no significant effect on profitability. Company growth strengthens the influence of VAHU on profitability and company growth strengthens the effect of STVA profitability, while company growth does not moderate the effect of VACA on profitability.
Pengaruh biaya produksi, biaya operasional, struktur modal, dan likuiditas terhadap profitabilitas
Authors: Jannah Afika Roichatul , Sulistyo  , Yogivaria Doni Wirshandono
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the Effect of Production Costs, Operational Costs, Capital Structure, and Liquidity on Profitability. 18 (eighteen) food and beverage sub sector manufacturing companies listed on the IDX became the population in this study, with 11 companies as samples. The sampling technique uses puposive sampling method. The data used are secondary data in the form of financial statements and annual food and beverage companies for the 2014-2017 period which can be accessed through www.idx.co.id. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques, which previously tested classical assumptions and hypothesis testing using simultaneous tests (F test), partial tests (t test), and the coefficient of determination (R Square). The results of this study indicate that Production Costs, Operational Costs, Capital Structure, and Liquidity simultaneously affect Profitability. And partially only Operating Costs that affect Profitability, while Production Costs, Capital Structure, and Liquidity do not affect partially Profitability.
Pengaruh pengawasan fungsional, pengelolaan keuangan, dan kejelasan sasaran anggaran terhadap akuntabilitas kinerja inspektorat kota malang
Authors: Mina Maria Novriana , Made Anwar , Mustikowati Rita Indah
Published: January 2021

This research was conducted to examine and determine the effect of functional supervision, financial management, and clarity of budget targets on the performance accountability of the Inspectorate of Malang. This type of research is quantitative research, the source of the data used is primary data, sampling techniques using total sampling method, then analyzed with multiple linear regression models. The results showed that functional oversight, financial management and clarity of budget objectives simultaneously affect performance accountability, functional supervision partially influences performance accountability, financial management influences performance accountability and clarity of budget targets affects performance accountability
Determinants of Vessel Defects in Superficial and Deep Vascular Layers in Normal-Tension Glaucoma Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Lee Jiyun , Park Chan Kee , Park Hae-Young
Published: January 2021

We investigated the characteristics of localized vessel density defects (VD) either in the deep or superficial vascular layer of normal-tension glaucoma patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 74 eyes with localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect were included. The relationships between the widths of the VD in the superficial and deep layer and ocular factors were evaluated. Eyes with greater deep VD were significantly older (P = 0.023). Baseline and treated IOPs were significantly related to the width of the deep VD (P=0.009 and 0.014, respectively). By contrast, average ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT) was substantially related to the width of the superficial VD (Both Ps=0.004). In logistic regression analysis, aging was noticeably associated with wider deep VD, whereas worse pattern standard deviation (PSD) had a significant association with wider superficial VD (Both Ps=0.001). In sum, while changes of the superficial layer seemed an overall ramification of glaucomatous damages, the deep layer was more likely to be affected by factors related to ocular microcirculation, such as IOPs and older age. Thus, looking into the deep vascular layer using OCTA could identify risk factors related to the disturbance in ocular microcirculation.
Characteristic Features and Comparative Analysis of Essential Oil Composition of Selected Species of Ocimum Sanctum L. Through GCMS
Authors: Sharma Prerna , Upadhyaya Kumud
Published: January 2021

Background: The main aim of this research is to provide a literature of the Ocimum plant, to know the significance of the Ocimum species carried out by pharmacognostical study and experimental design for GC-MS.Ocimum are very important for their therapeutic potentials. among the most important aromatic herbs for its enormous medicinal properties.Methods: An extreme Attention has been put on those literature reports wherein the utilization of Tulsi and their pharmacognostical study has been done by performing morphological and microscopic leaf and experimental design by using essential oil by GC-MS instrumentation methodResults: The utilization of these characteristics would be important for the drug discovery scientist to develop a specific formulation of the crude drug, which will be a magical therapeutic agent in the future, with the many advantageous. GC-MS chromatogram of the Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum canum and Ocimum gratissimum oil showed major peaks and has been identified after comparison of the mass spectra with NIST library, indicating the presence of three phytocomponents. From the results GC-MS study suggested that anethole which is well reported antimicrobial compound is more in O. canum (2.66%) in comparison to O. sanctum (1,28%) but absent in O. Gratissimum. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activity is more in O. canum due to presence high amount of anethole in comparison to O.Gratissimum, and O. Sanctum. The GC-MS study suggested that anethole which is well reported antimicrobial compound is more in O. canum (2.66%) in comparison to O. sanctum (1,28%) but absent in O. Gratissimum.Conculsion: The result showed that microscopic character of O. canum, with the characteristic GC MS analysis of the extracts, to identify different species of the ocimum plant. Ocimum sanctum L. and further experiments are required for better exploitation of essential oil for its commercial purposes.
Analysis of the Impact of Road Traffic on the Urban Air Quality
Authors: Wang Qi , Feng Haixia , Feng Haiying , Li Jian , Ning Erwei
Published: January 2021

With a focus on the hot topics of traffic congestion and smog (air quality), in this study, the impact of road traffic on urban air quality was the first quantitatively analyzed based on the aerosol optical thickness (AOD) and geographical weighted regression (GWR) models, including the road network density, road area occupancy, intersection number, and bus network density. The main research conclusions are as follows. There is a strong positive correlation between the peak congestion delay index (PCDI) and air quality. Based on the GWR model, AOD has high correlations with four road network traffic characteristic parameters, and these correlations are much higher than ordinary linear regression, that is, GWR refines the local spatial changes in the AOD and the road parameters. The correlation was mainly positive. The correlation between AOD and the road area occupancy was the highest, and the correlations between PM2.5 and the density of the bus network and the number of intersections were higher than those with the road network density. Thus, bus route planning, bus emission reduction, road network planning, and signal timing (intersection) have a greater impact on air quality, especially in areas with traffic jams. This study has a certain guiding significance for traffic planning and traffic control, and it provides support and a basis for traffic planning and control.
Knowledge Mapping of Migraine: a Bibliometric Analysis (2000-2019)
Authors: Zhao Yanqing , Li Wen-tao
Published: January 2021

Background: There has been rapid development of migraine research in the past 20 years in China and around the world. We analyzed the development trend of migraine research, and made a bibliometric analysis on the growth trend of the total number of publications, countries, institutions, authors, cited references and keywords from 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2019 by applying visualization software, and constructed the relevant knowledge map, and found the trends and hot spots in the field through comparison. Methods: Retrieved the literature on migraine in the Web of Science database from 2000-2009 and 2010-2019 respectively, and then utilized CiteSpace to conduct bibliometric analysis to acquire the knowledge mapping. Results: The total number of publications each year has increased year by year, and the average annual growth rate from 2000 to 2009 was 7.999%, while from 2010 to 2019 was 5.348%, with a faster growth rate from 2000 to 2009. According to the cluster analysis of institutions, authors, cited references, and keywords, 10/11, 12/11, 12/11, and 8/9 categories were obtained from 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2019 respectively. The most productive countries, institutions, and authors are the USA, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and Lipton RB from 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2019, whose frequency is 4274/7107, 322/592, and 279/472 respectively. However, the most important of them are Belgium/ Pakistan, Houston Headache Clin/ Amgen Inc, and Lipton RB/ Klatt J, owing to their highest centrality, they are 1.20/1.08, 1.13/1.32, and 1.22/0.89 separately. Moreover, Cited references that contributed to the most co-citations are Silberstein SD (2004)/ Bes A (2013) from 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2019, however, the most vital cited reference is Welch KMA (2001)/ Goadsby PJ (2017). Keywords such as migraine, headache, prevalence, and the double blind are the most frequently used. But prevalence is the crucial keyword. In the cluster analysis of institutions, authors, cited references, and keywords from 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2019, the more convincing research categories are potential anti-migraine agent/ chronic migration prevention, reducing headache recurrence/ following symptomatic treatment, to-left shunt/ placebo controlled phase, spectrum study/ family study hemiplegic migraine, with S values of 0.952/0.956, 0.985/0/986, 0.981/0.970 and 0.985/0.982 respectively. Furthermore, the hotspots in this field are “stimulation”, “triptan” from 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2019. Conclusion: Based on the bibliometric analysis in the past 20 years, the knowledge mapping of the country, institution, author, cited reference, and the keyword is gained, which has an important guiding significance for quickly and accurately positioning the trend in this field.
A Landscape-Level Assessment of Composition, Structural Heterogeneity and Distribution Pattern of Trees in Temperate Forest of Kashmir Himalaya, India
Authors: DAR ASHAQ AHMAD , Parthasarathy Narayanaswamy
Published: January 2021

Background: A landscape-level quantitative assessment of tree species was conducted across three forest types viz., low-level blue pine (BP), mixed conifer (MC) and subalpine (SA) forests of Kashmir Himalaya, India to ascertain patterns of species composition, and stand structure heterogeneity. We performed analyses of tree composition and structural heterogeneity, and multivariate ordination for the distribution of species across the landscape. Results: In total, thirteen tree species ranging from five in SA forest to ten species in MC forest were recorded. There was an overall forest compositional dissimilarity among the forest types. Pinus wallichiana and Abies pindrow were exclusive dominants under BP and SA forests, respectively, whereas, Abies pindrow and Pinus wallichaiana prevailed in sampled plots from mid-elevation MC forest. Pinaceae family contributing more than 98% individual stems was the most speciose and dominant, followed by Sapindaceae (0.52%) and Betulaceae (0.44%). Stand density, basal area, as well as mean DBH differed among the forest types with an overall positive response to elevation. Besides MC forest, the diameter class distribution of BP and SA forests displayed characteristics ‘reverse J-shaped’ pattern, concluding its degenerated forest structure. Abies pindrow and Pinus wallichiana across the forests showed bell-shaped tree size distribution, indicated sporadic recruitment and/or due to targeting specific size classes. A single cluster in SA forest and two sub-clusters in BP and MC forests were displayed in abundance and species-based Bray-Curtis cluster analysis. Topographical factors, elevation and slope, were identified as the principal factors of tree species distribution patterns and positively correlated with Canonical Correspondence Analysis 1 (CCA1) and CCA2, respectively. Conclusions: The quantitative landscape-level inventory of diversity across forest types indicated an overall less heterogenous tree composition with structural heterogeneity. CCA predicted elevation and slope as principal drivers determining species distribution. Information about these forest attributes are expected to provide better ecological insights and prospects for sustainable forest management and utilisation, and improving conservation strategies and ecosystem services.