bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Surface Plasmon Resonance Absorption of Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles and its Control
Authors: Tuo Yong Feng , Wu Yu Ping , Huang Min , Wang Kai , Huang Yue , Zhou Zhong Hua , Shen Shirley
Published: July 2015

Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a coprecipitation process from a mixed solution consisting of indium chloride and tin chloride. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption was studied under different calcinate atmospheres. The characteristics of the optical properties, especially the absorption of near-infrared (NIR) region was recorded by the UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the SPR absorption peak appears at 2500 nm under an oxidizing atmosphere (air) or at 1300 nm under a reducing atmosphere (a gas mixture of Ar and 5 vol% H2) when calcinated under a single atmosphere. There is no change in the plasmon frequency with the variance of calcinate temperatures and therefore no change in the free carrier concentration. However, when calcinated first at 600 °C under an oxidizing atmosphere and then reheated under a reducing atmosphere at different temperature, the SPR absorption peaks of the ITO NPs are at the range of from 1200 nm to 1430 nm, undergoing a blue shift as the reducing process temperature increases. The SPR absorption of the prepared ITO NPs is easily controlled by calcinate temperature under a process of calcination first under an oxidizing atmosphere and followed by under a reducing atmosphere.
Performance Study of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Lubricant Oil
Authors: Xue Wei Guo , Zhao Zheng Hua , Wang Peng , Jin Zhi Liang , Xu Xiao Hong , Zhou Xu Guang
Published: July 2015

One oil soluble zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared by surface-modification method. Its tribological performance was evaluated by four-ball test, SRV Friction-Wear Test and Mini-Traction machine, its oxidation resistance estimated by Rotating Pressure Vessel Oxidation Test and Pressurized Differential Scanning Calorimetry, all these study were contrast with ZDDP in base oils and API SM Gasoline engine oil. As a result, nanozinc oxide has good anti-oxidative capability, excellent anti-wear properties, In API SM Gasoline engine oil, the comprehensive Performance of nanoZnO additive substitution ZDDP is similar to ZDDP, in particular friction and antioxidative properties, nanoZnO in more outstanding than ZDDP. These results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles were a kind of good performance lubricanting oil additives.
Textural and Fractal Characteristics of KOH-Activated Microporous Carbon Materials and their Carbon Dioxide Storage Performances
Authors: Feng Yan Yan , Yang Wen , Lin Tao , Chu Wei
Published: July 2015

Commercial activated carbon has been activated with KOH in order to investigate the effect of textural characteristics on CO2storage behaviors. The KOH activation has significantly enhanced the textural properties of the adsorbents, as compared to the pristine sample. CO2adsorption tests on the activated carbons were measured at 298 K and pressures up to 5.0 MPa, and the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm was used to ﬁt the adsorption data. The CO2uptake for the resulting adsorbents was signiﬁcantly higher than that of the starting adsorbent in the studied pressure range. To better understand the structures and their influences on the CO2uptake, fractal analysis was conducted for the adsorbents on the basis of Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) equation. Fractal dimensions (D1and D2) that calculated from N2adsorption data were discussed. The results showed that the two fractal dimensions have different influences on CO2adsorption capacity. There was a negative linear correlation between CO2maximum uptake and D1, while CO2adsorption capacity increased with fractal dimension D2increasing. Therefore, it was concluded that appropriate pore structure fractal dimension with narrower PSDs within the microporous range had higher CO2adsorption capacity for the adsorbents.
YMgAl-LDO Synthesis and its Catalytic Performance for Preparation of Isophorone by Condensation of Acetone
Authors: Liu Yan , Luo Wen Yan
Published: July 2015

Y-Mg-Al-LDO is successfully prepared by coprecipitation method and heat treatment. The catalytic performance of Y-Mg-Al-LDO is evaluated in the preparation of isophorone by condensation of acetone. The results shows that the Y-Mg-Al-LDO catalyst has higher activity under the reactive conditions of 300 °C and 6 mL·h-1 charging air speed so as to the conversion of acetone improved 17.8 % and the selectivity of isophorone increased 11.0 %. The products were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, CO2-TPD and BET. The results indicated that the basicity, the number of strong base center and pore volume and pore size of Y-Mg-Al-LDO were increased. Large ion Y3+ softened hydrotalcite porous structure, but did not change its layered crystal structure. The crystallinity of hydrotalcite was affected due to the amount of doped Y3+. Y2O3 was highly dispersed when small amount of Y3+ was doped, and laminates were distorted because of some of Y3+ was risen out of the scope of Mg2+ in the lattice when a large amount of Y3+ was doped.
Synthesis of CeO2-SiO2 Composite Nanoparticles by Coprecipitation Method and Dispersion Stability of their Suspension
Authors: Song Xiao Lan , Lin Kang , Duan Hai Long , Xiao Yan , Zhuang Huang , Zhang Hua Wei , Jiang Nan
Published: July 2015

A series of CeO2-SiO2composite nanoparticles with different cerium and silica (Ce/Si) mole ratios were synthesized via a coprecipitation method using cerium nitrate, tetraethylorthosilicate and ammonia as raw materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectrology (FT-IR), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) were used to characterize the CeO2-SiO2nanoparticles. With the increase of CeO2content, the crystal of CeO2grew up gradually and the average crystallite size of the CeO2decreased. There are Ce-O-Si bonds in the CeO2-SiO2composite nanoparticles. The particle size of the CeO2-SiO2composite nanoparticles with a Ce/Si mole ratio of 1 is about 20–30 nm. The dispersion stability of the CeO2-SiO2composite nanoparticles with a Ce/Si mole ratio of 1 was studied. It was found that cationic and nonionic surfactant could obviously affect the dispersion stability of suspension, but not the anion surfactant. A suspension with CeO2-SiO2composite nanoparticles at 0.1 wt% was added in 0.1 g/L cationic surfactant CTAB, and its pH value was adjusted within the range of 10-10.5. In this condition, the stable suspension without sedimentation time was successfully obtained.
Improved Surface Quality by the Process of Vibratory Grinding
Authors: Dehbi Said , Hamouda Khaled
Published: July 2015

The main purpose of this work is the energy saving by reducing friction and minimizing wear to avoid losses by raising the properties of nanomaterials on the surface layer. Therefore, we develop approaches for studying the tribological behavior phenomena concerning materials on surfaces of the layers to define the mechanical and tribological properties of materials to improve the surface layer materials of the treated parts. It was used for the vibratory grinding method of chemical mechanical processing surface using the technology of low-frequency vibration in the treatment of metal parts in the presence of chemical additives, which have a great influence on the improvement of mechanical and geometrical parameters (roughness, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, micro and macro hardness, structure) of mechanical parts. This method of vibratory grinding has great advantages such as the treatment of complex mechanical parts, the ability to process parts of different types and shapes at the same time. It is also known to be an environmentally friendly process. Thus this work consisted of a surface treatment by vibratory grinding of samples of different materials.
Hydrogen-Induced Hardening in Palladium
Authors: Čížek Jakub , Melikhova Oksana , Procházka Ivan
Published: July 2015

In the present work, positron annihilation spectroscopy was employed for investigation of hydrogen-induced defects in Pd. Well annealed Pd samples were electrochemically charged with hydrogen and development of defects during hydrogen loading was investigated. At low concentrations (α-phase, xH < 0.017 H/Pd) hydrogen loading introduced vacancies. When the hydrogen concentration exceeds 0.017 H/Pd, particles of hydrogen rich α’-phase are formed. This generates dislocations in the sample in order to accommodate the volume mismatch between the α and the α’-phase. Moreover, additional vacancies are introduced into the sample by crossing dislocations. Vickers hardness testing revealed that absorbed hydrogen causes hardening of the sample. In the α-phase region the hardness increases due to solid solution hardening caused by dissolved hydrogen. At higher hydrogen concentrations when dislocations were created hardness increases due to strain hardening caused by dislocations.
The Numerical Analysis of Influence of Crankshaft Main Spindles Regeneration in Marine Engine on Stiffness and Eigenfrequency of the Crankshaft
Authors: Merkisz Jerzy , Markowski Jarosław , Kaluzny Jarosław , Roszak Robert
Published: July 2015

Engine operating conditions of the main propulsion, static in principle with steady-state rotation speed of the crankshaft and engine load, also work under dynamic load conditions. These conditions cause additional distortion of the crankshaft and changes in the operating conditions of the shaft bearings. However, the greatest impact on the long and trouble-free operation has proper engine maintenance. Variable operating conditions and engine operating errors, unfortunately, often cause damage to the main bearings of the crankshaft. Repair of the damaged main bearing spindles of the shaft involves performing the machining of the spindle surface then its re-hardening and selecting new bearing bushings with the appropriate bearing clearance. Trusting the engine manufacturer, there is no check of the influence of the machining of bearing spindles on the structural properties of the shaft. Therefore, the paper presents the model tests of the structure of medium-rev marine engine crankshaft aimed at determining the changes in the mechanical properties of the structure resulting from carrying out the regeneration of the main shaft spindles.
Analysis of Power Installed in Ship Power Plants of Offshore Type Vessels
Authors: Adamkiewicz Andrzej
Published: July 2015

This paper defines factors determining the values of electrical energy fluxes required by chosen bulk carriers and specialized ships. Relations between these factors and unique specifics of offshore type vessels have been pointed out. Basing on the compiled lists of similar vessels, using regression and determination coefficient, the strength of Pearson’s linear correlation between the total power of the main power system of particular types of ships and the required installed electrical energy was determined. The obtained relations were graphically correlated with each other revealing special qualities significant for the operation of offshore vessels, different than for other types of ships.
Spletna platforma EPALE – priložnost za izmenjavo in sodelovanje izobraževalcev odraslih
Authors: Turk Ajda
Published: July 2015

EPALE je spletna platforma, na kateri lahko izobraževalci odraslih iz vse Evrope v svojem jeziku objavijo novice, dogodke, vire in spletne dnevnike. Obenem pa je več kot to. Gre namreč za novo spletno mesto s priložnostmi za sodelovanje in izmenjavo mnenj med strokovnjaki v izobraževanju odraslih – z enim ciljem, tj. izboljšati kakovost učenja odraslih v Evropi. Kdo stoji za EPALE, kaj vse prinaša in kdo lahko soustvarja EPALE, pišemo v nadaljevanju.
Geneza opere Gorenjski slavček
Authors: Pompe Gregor
Published: July 2015

Med  slovenskimi  operami  19. stoletja  se  zdi še najbližje  konceptu  nacionalne  opere Gorenjski slavček Antona  Foersterja. Članek se ukvarja s postopno genezo dela: od začetne operetne variante do končne prekomponirane opere. V tej luči interpretira  fragmentarno  ohranjeno  partituro  iz glasbene zbirke ljubljanskega NUK-a kot pomemben vmesni korak, kar pomeni, da je Foerster o operni varianti razmišljal že dve desetletji prej, kot smo mislil do sedaj.
Ob jubileju
Authors: Weiss Jernej
Published: July 2015

Ob jubileju
Nacionalni in transnacionalni vidiki glasbe: študija primera zgodnje recepcije Dvořákovih del na Slovenskem
Authors: Cigoj Krstulovič Nataša
Published: July 2015

Študija primera zgodnje recepcije Dvořákovih del na Slovenskem je izhodišče za opazovanje v muzikološki misli izpostavljenega razmerja »slovanske« in »nemške« glasbe in vnovične osvetlitve vprašanja med nacionalnim in transnacionalnim v glasbi evropskega prostora na prelomu 19. in 20. stoletja. Članek prikaže praizvedbe Dvořákovih del v Ljubljani skozi prizmo poustvarjalnih zmožnosti ter recepcije glasbe pred prvo svetovno vojno. Izpostavljeni so kritiški odmevi ob krstnih izvedbah, še zlasti kantate Mrtvaški ženin(Svatební košile) z ljubljanskim zborom Glasbene matice na Dunaju, ko je dirigiral Dvořák (1896) in prikazan zvezek samospevov, ki ga je Fran Gerbič posvetil Dvořáku.
Cultural isolation of Yugoslavia 1944–1960 and its impact on the sphere of music: the case of Serbia
Authors: Milin Melita
Published: July 2015

In the decades after the end of WW2 and the establishment of the communist regime in Yugoslavia, cultural isolation affected Serbia in more or less the same way as the other five federal republics. This article examines aspects typical of that period, such as the level of musical exchange with the foreign, i.e. Western world; the creative responses of Serbian composers of all generations to post-war avantgarde movements; guest concerts of foreign musicians and ensembles in Serbia and the international tours of Serbian musicians; repertoires on concert and opera programs; and the legacy of the period.
Creation, Transmission and Performance: Guslars in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Talam Jasmina
Published: July 2015

Singing to accompaniment of the gusle is a very important form of vocal-instrumental performance in the musical tradition of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper will present historic sources and research on singing to gusle accompaniment, and the methods by which songs are created, transmitted and performed by guslars.
Excudebat Leonhardus Formica: Leonhard Formica (Lenart Mravlja) und seine Musikdrucke
Authors: Motnik Marko
Published: July 2015

Lenart Mravlja, also named Leonhard Formica, is one of the numerous personalities from Carniola who worked abroad in the sixteenth century. After being educated in Ljubljana and in several protestant German towns, Formica moved to Vienna at the end of the 1580s where he founded a printing office. Before his death in 1605, he produced approximately 70 books, among which are five high quality music prints.
Einem Wunder auf der Spur: Die Mozarts und das Misererevon Gregorio Allegri
Authors: Hochradner Thomas
Published: July 2015

The notation from memory of Gregorio Allegri’s Misererewas made by Wolfgang Amadé Mozart during his stay in Rome in 1770. The notation – about which the family correspondence reports – was transformed from an occurrence to an anecdote in literature about Mozart, and from an anecdote it was built into a myth. Under scrutiny, Mozart’s achievement is not so spectacular, however new perspectives get articulated about the performance practice of the papal chapel and the liturgical contexts of the Misererein the Sistine Chapel. These basic parameters shed a light on the impressions of  the alleged “hearing  miracle” that must have absorbed the 14 year old Mozart's attention.
Data interoperability software solution for emergency reaction in the Europe Union
Authors: Casado R. , Rubiera E. , Sacristan M. , Schütte F. , Peters R.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Emergency management becomes more challenging in international crisis episodes because of cultural, semantic and linguistic differences between all stakeholders, especially first responders. Misunderstandings between first responders makes decision making slower and more difficult. However, spread and development of networks and IT-based emergency management systems (EMSs) have improved emergency responses, which have become more coordinated. Despite improvements made in recent years, EMSs have not still solved problems related to cultural, semantic and linguistic differences which are the real cause of slower decision making. In addition, from a technical perspective, the consolidation of current EMSs and the different formats used to exchange information offers another problem to be solved in any solution proposed for information interoperability between heterogeneous EMSs in different contexts. To overcome these problems, we present a software solution based on semantic and mediation technologies. EMERGency ELements (EMERGEL) (Fundacion CTIC and AntwortING Ingenieurbüro PartG, 2013), a common and modular ontology shared by all the stakeholders, has been defined. It offers the best solution to gather all stakeholders' knowledge in a unique and flexible data model, taking into account different countries' cultural and linguistic issues. To deal with the diversity of data protocols and formats, we have designed a service-oriented architecture for data interoperability (named DISASTER: Data Interoperability Solution At STakeholders Emergency Reaction) providing a flexible extensible solution to solve the mediation issues. Web services have been adopted as specific technology to implement this paradigm that has the most significant academic and industrial visibility and attraction. Contributions of this work have been validated through the design and development of a cross-border realistic prototype scenario, actively involving both emergency managers and emergency-first responders: the Netherlands–Germany border fire.
Raising risk preparedness by flood risk communication
Authors: Maidl E. , Buchecker M.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. During the last decade, most European countries have produced hazard maps of natural hazards, but little is known about how to communicate these maps most efficiently to the public. In October 2011, Zurich's local authorities informed owners of buildings located in the urban flood hazard zone about potential flood damage, the probability of flood events and protection measures. The campaign was based on the assumptions that informing citizens increases their risk awareness and that citizens who are aware of risks are more likely to undertake actions to protect themselves and their property. This study is intended as a contribution to better understand the factors that influence flood risk preparedness, with a special focus on the effects of such a one-way risk communication strategy. We conducted a standardized mail survey of 1500 property owners in the hazard zones in Zurich (response rate main survey: 34 %). The questionnaire included items to measure respondents' risk awareness, risk preparedness, flood experience, information-seeking behaviour, knowledge about flood risk, evaluation of the information material, risk acceptance, attachment to the property and trust in local authorities. Data about the type of property and socio-demographic variables were also collected. Multivariate data analysis revealed that the average level of risk awareness and preparedness was low, but the results confirmed that the campaign had a statistically significant effect on the level of preparedness. The main influencing factors on the intention to prepare for a flood were the extent to which respondents evaluated the information material positively as well as their risk awareness. Respondents who had never taken any previous interest in floods were less likely to read the material. For future campaigns, we therefore recommend repeated communication that is tailored to the information needs of the target population.
Universal multifractal Martian topography
Authors: Landais F. , Schmidt F. , Lovejoy S.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. In the present study, we investigate the scaling properties of the topography of Mars. Planetary topographic fields are well known to roughly exhibit (mono)fractal behavior. Indeed, the fractal formalism is reproduces much of the variability observed in topography. Still, a single fractal dimension is not enough to explain the huge variability and intermittency. Previous studies have claimed that fractal dimensions might be different from one region to an other, excluding a general description at the planetary scale. In this article, we are analyzing the Martian topographic data with a multifractal formalism to study the scaling intermittency. In the multifractal paradigm, the apparent local variation of the fractal dimension is interpreted as a statistical property of multifractal fields. We analyze the topography measured with the laser altimeter MOLA at 300 m horizontal resolution, 1 m vertical resolution. We adapted the Haar fluctuation method to the the irregularly sampled signal. The results suggest a multifractal behavior from planetary scale down to 10 km. From 10 km to 300 m, the topography seems to be simple monofractal. This transition indicates a significant change in the geological processes governing the Red Planet's surface.
Modelling spatial patterns and temporal trends of wildfires in Galicia (NW Spain)
Authors: Barreal Jesús , Loureiro Maria L.
Published: July 2015

Aim of study: The goal of this paper is to analyse the importance of the main contributing factors to the occurrence of wildfires. Area of study: We employ data from the region of Galicia during 2001-2010; although the similarities shared between this area and other rural areas may allow extrapolation of the present results.Material and Methods: The spatial dependence is analysed by using the Moran’s I and LISA statistics. We also conduct an econometric analysis modelling both, the number of fires and the relative size of afflicted woodland area as dependent variables, which depend on the climatic, land cover variables, and socio-economic characteristics of the affected areas. Fixed effects and random effect models are estimated in order to control for the heterogeneity between the Forest Districts in Galicia.Main results: Moran’s I and LISA statistics show that there is spatial dependence in the occurrence of Galician wildfires. Econometrics models show that climatology, socioeconomic variables, and temporal trends are also important to study both, the number of wildfires and the burned-forest ratio.Research highlights: We conclude that in addition to direct forest actions, other agricultural or social public plans, can help to reduce wildfires in rural areas or wildland-urban areas. Based on these conclusions, a number of guidelines are provided that may foster the development of better forest management policies in order to reduce the occurrence of wildfires.Keywords: Cause-effect relationship; climatology; spatial and temporal indicators; fixed effects; random effects; socio-economic factors.
Workload analysis in logging technology employing a processor aggregated with a farm tractor
Authors: Leszczyński Krzysztof , Stańczykiewicz Arkadiusz
Published: July 2015

Aim of study: The aim of this research was to analyze the workload of the operators while logging at the motor-manual level in coniferous stands undergoing two tending treatments (early and late thinning). The technologies under the investigation employed a power chainsaw, tractor equipped with a cable winch as well as delimbing and cross-cutting Hypro 450W processor.Area of study, materials and methods: The research areas were located in lowlands and in a mountain range of the Western Carpathians. In the analysis it was assumed that the heart rate at work, expressed in beats per minute, would be an indicator of the workload affecting the human organism. Based on the heart rate, three indicators were calculated: relative heart rate at work (%HRR), 50% level of heart rate reserve, ratio of working heart rate to resting heart rate.Main results: The lowest average workload (typical for light work, %HRR<20) was recorded for the processor operator in late thinning (%HRR=16), whereas, the highest one (indicating heavy work, %HRR=48.69>40%) was for the chainsaw operator in early thinning, working with a processor. Cumulative distribution function of the workload at the work station of the skidder operator was characterized by bimodality – an occurrence of two extreme, high and low, workload values.Research highlights: The workload in early thinning was higher by about 7% than in late thinning at the work station of both, the processor operator as well as the chainsaw operator working with a processor.Keywords: logging; tractor processor; heart rate; workload; cardiovascular strain.
Differences in the environmental control of leaf senescence of four Quercus species coexisting in a Mediterranean environment
Authors: Del Río García Teresa , Mediavilla Sonia , Silla Fernando , Escudero Alfonso
Published: July 2015

Aims of study: Our aim is to check the effect of different environmental factors on the leaf senescence of four Quercus species with different leaf longevities, to help us better understand the implications of climate change on leaf demography.Area of study: The study was carried out in two sites of theprovince of Salamanca (central-westernSpain), both sites showing differences in their temperatures and soil water availability.Material and Methods: Over four years (2007-2010) we monitored the number of leaves of the different cohorts labelled on five specimens of each species at both sites to elaborate life-tables and calculate mortality rates. Mortality rates were then related to several other variables measured during the same period: air temperature, soil water availability, precipitation, predawn water potentials (Ypd) and leaf N resorption.Main results: In the two deciduous species maximum daily temperatures and the time during which their values remain above a certain threshold (between 11 and12ºC of maximum daily temperature) are the main factors controlling the timing of leaf abscission. In the evergreen species abscission of old leaves showed no relationship with the environmental factors analyzed. By contrast, mortality rates of old leaves were related to seasonal N resorption values, with the maximum mortality of old leaves coinciding in time with the maximum withdrawal of N from shed leaves and also with the emergence of the new leaf cohort.Research highlights: The increase in the duration of the leaves of the two deciduous species, as a result of the delayed senescence by warmer autumnal temperatures, could contribute to reducing the differences in the length of the productive leaf life with respect to the evergreen species. This could improve the competitive capacity of deciduous species as opposed to that of evergreen species, and thus alter their respective distribution patterns.Keywords: climate change; deciduous; evergreen; leaf abscission; temperature; water availability.
Genitourinary tuberculosis in North America: A rare clinical entity
Authors: Sourial Michael W , Brimo Fadi , Horn Ruth , Andonian Sero
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Although tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of mortality from infectious diseases worldwide, genitourinary TB in North America is rare. We review 3 cases of genitourinary TB diagnosed within the last 5 years.Cases: The first case is that of a 76-year-old African-Canadian woman who was referred for percutaneous nephrolithotomy of right lower pole renal stones. Although renal TB was suspected, her initial urinary TB culture was negative. On follow-up imaging, she developed bilateral ureteral thickening and ureteroscopic biopsy confirmed necrotizing granulomata. Repeat urine cultures were positive for M. tuberculosis. The second case is a 73-yearold Italian-Canadian woman who was referred for ureteroscopic biopsy of left thickened ureter to rule out urothelial carcinoma. Initial urine TB cultures were negative, despite biopsies confirming granulomatous inflammation. She was closely followed with urine cytologies and TB cultures. Repeat urine culture was positive for M. tuberculosis. Both patients were treated with a course of anti-tuberculous agents and indwelling ureteral stents to relieve ureteral obstruction. The third case is a 70-year-old Cree woman who was referred for percutaneous nephrolithotomy of a left “staghorn stone” in an atrophic left kidney. Thirty years earlier she had been treated for pulmonary TB in addition to ileocystoplasty for a “thimble” bladder. A computed tomography scan showed autonephrectomized left kidney. Her urine TB cultures were negative. She was placed on prophylactic antibiotics for her recurrent bacterial urinary tract infections.Conclusion: Genitourinary TB may present in various subtle ways, and the astute clinician must have a high index of suspicion for this disease in patients with atypical clinical and radiologic findings. In addition, TB urine cultures should be repeated when there is high index of suspicion.
Relações entre propriedades químicas, físicas e energéticas da madeira de cinco espécies de cerrado.
Authors: Vale Ailton Teixeira do , Dias Íris Santos , Santana Marcos Antônio Eduardo
Published: July 2015

Os objetivos da pesquisa foram caracterizar e avaliar a influência das propriedades químicas (teores de lignina, holocelulose e extrativos) da madeira de cinco espécies lenhosas de Cerrado (Pterodon pubescens, Dalbergia miscolobium, Sclerolobium paniculatum, Stryphnodendron adstringens e Vochysia thyrsoidea) na densidade básica e na contração volumétrica da madeira; nos rendimentos e densidade aparente do carvão vegetal. As amostras foram coletadas em área de manejo florestal em Brasília, provenientes de três árvores de cada espécie, perfazendo um total de 15 amostras. Não houve diferença significativa entre as espécies para o teor de extrativo da madeira e rendimento gravimétrico em carvão vegetal. Pterodon pubescens, Dalbergia miscolobium e Sclerolobium paniculatum se destacaram por apresentarem, respectivamente, as maiores densidades básicas (0,82, 0,80 e 0,78 g/cm3); os maiores teores de lignina (31,74, 32,31 e 31,42%); as maiores densidades aparentes do carvão vegetal (37, 43 e 37%). Por outro lado Stryphnodendron adstringens e Vochysia thyrsoidea apresentaram, respectivamente, os maiores teores de holocelulose (72,22 e 74,84%). O teor de lignina apresentou correlação positiva e significativa com a densidade básica da madeira e com a densidade aparente do carvão vegetal e não apresentou correlação significativa com a retração volumétrica e com o rendimento gravimétrico. O teor de holocelulose apresentou correlação negativa e significativa com a densidade básica da madeira e com a densidade aparente do carvão vegetal. Os extrativos totais não apresentaram correlação significativa com nenhuma das variáveis analisadas.
Diversidade de Trichocomaceae isoladas de solo em dois ecossistemas florestais.
Authors: Fraga Marcelo Elias , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Barbosa Deivison Jesus , Melo Maruzanete Pereira
Published: July 2015

A família Trichocomaceae inclui os gêneros de fungos anamórficos, Aspergillus e Penicillium. Muitos membros dessa família são importantes causadores de degradação de alimentos, biodeterioração, patogênicos a animais, e algumas espécies são usadas em biotecnologia e podem produzir micotoxinas. O presente trabalho foi realizado em duas áreas, durante o período de um ano (2006-2007) com coletas em área de plantio de pinus (Pinus elliotti) e Corymbia (Corymbia citriodora) com idade aproximada de 20 anos, no campus da UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Na área de cada cobertura vegetal foi estabelecida uma parcela de aproximadamente 500 m2, onde foram coletadas aleatoriamente dez amostras simples, em intervalos regulares de 70 dias. No momento da coleta foram medidas as temperaturas do solo com geotermômetro digital. Durante o de estudo também foi quantificada a precipitação pluviométrica e a temperatura ambiente. No período, foi verificada uma pequena variação da temperatura do solo nas áreas, valores de 21,93 a 27,69oC na área de pinus e 22,22 a 26,58oC na área de Corymbia. A variação mensal da umidade relativa mínima foi de 27,2/20,5 e máxima de 82,6/63,2 e os maiores valores de precipitação observados foi no mês de janeiro (22 dias). Em relação à micobiota, foi observada uma variação crescente da unidade formadora de colônia (UFC) nos período de maior temperatura e umidade relativa com índices variando de 12,8/58,2 e 20,3/83,3x103 para Corymbia e pinus respectivamente. O número total de fungos foi de 190 isolados, pertencentes a cinco gêneros e 54 espécies diferente, sendo 32 Penicillium spp., 19 Aspergillus spp., um Eupenicillium javanicu, um Eurotium chevalieri e um Sclerocleista ornata. A espécie mais abundante foi Penicillium decumbens, sendo encontrada em todas as coletas. Os períodos de maior concentração de UFC estão correlacionados com os períodos de chuva, umidade relativa e temperatura. As variáveis climáticas precipitação e temperatura foram os fatores que mais influenciaram na sucessão da micobiota no solo.
Determinação do estoque de carbono em Teca (Tectona grandis L. F.) em diferentes idades
Authors: Almeida Eleusa Maria , Campelo Júnior José Holanda , Finger Zenesio
Published: July 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a quantidade de carbono em cultivo de Teca (Tectona grandis L.f.), com 0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5 e 5,5 anos de idade ao longo de um ano pertencentes à empresa BrasTeca Agroflorestal Ltda, localizada no município de Santo Antônio do Leverger, MT. O estoque de carbono em cada idade foi obtido a cada 90 dias, por meio da determinação da quantidade de massa seca da serapilheira acumulada, do teor de carbono orgânico no perfil do solo, da densidade de raízes no solo e da mensuração do volume do fuste e da copa em três plantas escolhidas ao acaso. A avaliação do tamanho das plantas, em altura total, diâmetro à altura do peito e projeção da copa, foi realizada em vinte plantas preservadas em cada idade. A quantificação do carbono da parte aérea foi realizada por meio do corte de três plantas em cada idade, obtendo a massa fresca total por componente. Para determinar a massa seca de raízes, utilizou-se a relação entre volume de solo e densidade de raiz de três plantas por idade, sendo realizadas quatro perfurações por planta, com seis subamostras cada, até a profundidade de 0,90 m. O teor de carbono no solo e na serapilheira acumulada, a cada coleta e por idade, foi obtido após análise em laboratório. A quantidade média de carbono encontrada por hectare foi de 122,5 t de C para 0,5 ano, de 104,3 t de C para 1,5 ano, de 180,8 t de C para 2,5 anos, de 303,1 t de C para 3,5 anos e de 322,3 t de C para 5,5 anos, considerando o número de plantas por hectare nas diferentes idades. Verificou-se que a distribuição média de carbono por componente no sistema foi de 90,8% no solo, 5,04% para a parte aérea, 3,04% nas raízes e de 1,21% na serapilheira acumulada.
Estabelecimento a campo de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis micorrizadas com Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116) em solo arenoso.
Authors: Mello Andréa Hentz de , Antoniolli Zaida Inês , Kaminski João , Souza Eduardo Lorensi de , Schirmer Guilherme Karsten , Machado Rafael Goulart , Lupatini Manoeli , Júnior Carlos Moro
Published: July 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sobrevivência e o crescimento inicial de mudas de eucalipto micorrizadas com o fungo ectomicorrízico Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116), após o transplante para uma área sujeita à arenização no município de São Francisco de Assis, RS. A área foi dividida em quatro blocos, cada qual com quatro tratamentos (turfa fértil com e sem fungo, Neossolo Quartzarênico com e sem fungo). Cada parcela foi composta por 16 mudas dispostas em quatro linhas no espaçamento de 1,5 m x 1,5 m, totalizando em cada bloco 64 mudas. Aos 90 dias após o plantio no campo, as mudas de eucalipto produzidas no substrato turfa fértil com fungo, apresentaram uma taxa de sobrevivência de 100%, enquanto que as produzidas em turfa fértil sem fungo, a taxa de sobrevivência foi de 92%. As mudas produzidas no Neossolo Quartzarênico com e sem fungo tiveram uma taxa de sobrevivência variando em torno de 98 e 89% respectivamente. As mudas produzidas com turfa e fungo apresentaram diferenças significativas no crescimento em altura, e diâmetro do caule. Conclui-se que mudas de Eucalyptus grandis produzidas em substrato turfa fértil e micorrizadas com o isolado Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116), conseguem manter bom estabelecimento e desenvolvimento no campo.
Enraizamento de estacas de duas espécies de Salix com vistas à estabilização de taludes fluviais.
Authors: Rosa Suzana Ferreira da , Durlo Miguel Antão
Published: July 2015

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de verificar a aptidão biotécnica de duas espécies de Salix (Vime-amarelo e Vime-vermelho) em obras de bioengenharia, por meio da análise do enraizamento e da época de coleta de estacas. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com coletas mensais de material vegetativo, durante um ano. As estacas, com 40 cm de comprimento e diâmetro variável, foram mantidas em água durante 60 dias para a contagem do número e medição do comprimento das raízes emitidas. A maior produção de raízes para as duas espécies ocorreu nos meses de março e abril. O período em que houve a menor emissão de raízes foi o do verão, especialmente para as estacas coletadas em dezembro. Para essa coleta, não foi observado emissão de raízes no decurso de dois meses de observação. O Vime-amarelo produziu raízes maiores e mais numerosas que o Vime-vermelho, na maioria dos meses de coletas. O diâmetro da estaca influenciou significativamente a produção de raízes de ambas as espécies, em diversos meses de coleta. O resultado do estudo permite concluir, ainda, que as duas espécies de Salix apresentam boa aptidão biotécnica para trabalhos de bioengenharia.
Inoculação de Fusarium oxysporum e Fusarium solani e níveis de sombreamento na erva-mate: influência na severidade da podridão-de-raízes
Authors: Poletto Igor , Muniz Marlove Fátima Brião , Ceconi Denise Ester , Araujo Maristela Machado , Rodrigues Johnathan , Mezzomo Ricardo
Published: July 2015

A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) é uma espécie amplamente cultivada na Região Sul do Brasil. Com o aumento da área plantada, sobretudo na última década, os problemas fitossanitários causados por pragas e doenças aumentaram e, dentre estes, a podridão-de-raízes vem se tornando um dos principais. Dentre os patógenos causadores dessa doença, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. e Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc são os principais. Esses fungos provocam sérios danos decorrentes da destruição do sistema radicular, ocasionando, nos casos mais graves, a morte da planta. Suspeita-se que a incidência e a severidade da doença são influenciadas pelo cultivo de ervais em diferentes níveis de sombreamento ou a pleno sol. Assim, foram instalados experimentos na área do Viveiro Florestal pertencente ao Departamento de Ciências Florestais/CCR/UFSM com o objetivo de confirmar tal hipótese. O experimento foi conduzido em um esquema fatorial (2 x 5), composto pela inoculação de Fusarium oxysporum e Fusarium solani e por níveis de sombreamento. Verificou-se que as plantas submetidas aos menores níveis de sombreamento ou a pleno sol ficaram predispostas à doença.
Análise do comportamento temporal dos preços da borracha natural no mercado internacional
Authors: Coelho Junior Luiz Moreira , Rezende José Luiz Pereira de , Sáfadi Thelma , Calegário Natalino
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho analisou o comportamento dos preços da borracha natural no mercado internacional, no período de janeiro de 1982 a dezembro de 2006, em função de sua oferta e demanda agregadas, evidenciando os principais países produtores e consumidores. Especificamente a pesquisa analisou a evolução dos preços e do quantum comercializado da borracha natural no mercado internacional. Caracterizou, identificou, estimou e analisou modelos para a série de preços reais mensais da borracha crua RSS 1 (US$/t) e; testou a precisão dos modelos estimados na previsão dos preços dessa commodity, no período de jan./2006 a dez./2006. Os modelos estudados foram das classes ARIMA-ARCH. Os principais resultados encontrados foram: 0s preços reais da borracha natural, no período estudado, apresentam tendência decrescente; A identificação e estimação dos modelos da família ARIMA mostraram a existência de heteroscedasticidade na série estudada e a necessidade de identificar, estimar e analisar os modelos da família ARCH; O modelo que melhor ajustou os retornos da série de preços da borracha crua RSS 1 foi o AR(1) para um GARCH(1,1); Os modelos da família ARIMA não satisfizeram as condições de previsão da série estudada; o modelo AR (1)-GARCH (1,1) se mostrou preciso para a realização de prognoses do preço da borracha.
Produção de pinhão na região de Caçador, SC: aspectos da obtenção e sua importância para comunidades locais
Authors: Vieira-da-Silva Camila , Reis Maurício Sedrez dos
Published: July 2015

O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar aspectos da obtenção de pinhão e sua importância como fonte de renda para comunidades locais. Para tanto, foram realizados estudos visando à produção de pinhão numa população natural (RGFC - Reserva Genética Florestal de Caçador) e num reflorestamento com araucária (FLONA - Floresta Nacional de Caçador); identificar o perfil dos coletores de pinhão no Distrito de Taquara Verde, seu conhecimento acerca do recurso e a importância dessa fonte de renda para eles. Para tanto, foram marcados 36 indivíduos femininos de araucária na Flona e 25 RGFC. A produção de pinhão foi estimada com base na contagem do número de plantas femininas num hectare, número de estróbilos por planta, número de sementes por estróbilo e peso de sementes. E os demais objetivos foram feitos por meio de entrevistas abertas e semi-estruturadas com os coletores da Taquara Verde. Encontrou-se na área da RGFC uma produção de 44,3kg.ha-1 e Flona uma produção de 24,6kg.ha-1, sendo as diferenças associadas à alta densidade da área da Flona e a diferença de idade das matrizes das áreas. Quanto à importância do pinhão, constatou-se que este é tido pela comunidade como importante fonte de renda e de alimento podendo assim separar os coletores em quatro perfis, sendo observado também que quanto mais dependente é a família do recurso como fonte de renda, maior é o número de pessoas envolvidas na atividade, maior é a frequência em que a atividade é praticada, mas não necessariamente o conhecimento a cerca do recurso é maior. Por fim, os resultados deste estudo indicaram um bom potencial desse recurso para o incremento da renda de comunidades carentes, reforçando a importância dos remanescentes florestais na exploração de pinhão e trazendo subsídios para o estabelecimento de políticas que possam efetivamente aliar uma valorização dos recursos florestais, o desenvolvimento destas comunidades junto com a conservação dos remanescentes florestais.
The equatorial position of the metaphase plate ensures symmetric cell divisions
Authors: Tan Chia Huei , Gasic Ivana , Huber-Reggi Sabina P , Dudka Damian , Barisic Marin , Maiato Helder , Meraldi Patrick
Published: July 2015

Chromosome alignment in the middle of the bipolar spindle is a hallmark of metazoan cell divisions. When we offset the metaphase plate position by creating an asymmetric centriole distribution on each pole, we find that metaphase plates relocate to the middle of the spindle before anaphase. The spindle assembly checkpoint enables this centering mechanism by providing cells enough time to correct metaphase plate position. The checkpoint responds to unstable kinetochore–microtubule attachments resulting from an imbalance in microtubule stability between the two half-spindles in cells with an asymmetric centriole distribution. Inactivation of the checkpoint prior to metaphase plate centering leads to asymmetric cell divisions and daughter cells of unequal size; in contrast, if the checkpoint is inactivated after the metaphase plate has centered its position, symmetric cell divisions ensue. This indicates that the equatorial position of the metaphase plate is essential for symmetric cell divisions.
A well‐balanced FV scheme for compound channels with complex geometry and movable bed
Authors: Minatti L.
Published: July 2015

This work focuses on the implementation of a Shallow Water‐Exner model for compound natural channels with complex geometry and movable bed within the finite volume framework. The model is devised for compound channels modeling: cross‐section overbanks are treated with fixed bed conditions, while the main channel is left free to modify its morphology. A capacitive approach is used for bed load transport modeling, in which the solid flow rates are estimated with bed load transport formulas. The model equations pose some numerical issues in the case of natural channels, where bed load transport may occur for both subcritical and supercritical flows and geometry varies in space. An explicit path‐conservative scheme, designed to overcome all these issues, is presented in the paper. The scheme solves liquid and solid phases dynamics in a coupled manner, in order to correctly model near critical currents/channel interactions and is well‐balanced, that is able to properly reproduce steady states. The Roe and Osher Riemann solvers are implemented, so as to take into account the spatial geometry variations of natural channels. The scheme reaches up to second‐order accuracy. Validation is performed with fixed and movable bed test cases whose analytical solution is known, and with flume experimental data. An application of the model to a real case study is also shown.
High‐Performance Broadband Circularly Polarized Beam Deflector by Mirror Effect of Multinanorod Metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Zhaocheng , Li Zhancheng , Liu Zhe , Li Jianxiong , Cheng Hua , Yu Ping , Liu Wenwei , Tang Chengchun , Gu Changzhi , Li Junjie , Chen Shuqi , Tian Jianguo
Published: July 2015

Manipulation of light phase and amplitude by plasmonic metasurfaces has immensely promising applications in optical imaging, information processing, communications, and quantum optics. However, the controllability of efficiency and bandwidth is relatively low for the single‐layer metasurfaces. Here, a high efficiency and broadband circularly polarized (CP) beam deflector based on multirod single‐layer metasurfaces is presented. Each unit can be regarded as an imperfect polarizer, and the phase and amplitude induced by the mirror effect can be easily controlled. Owing to the plasmonic hybridization, the high efficiency and broadband characteristics of the proposed metasurfaces are theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. Meanwhile, an easy way to determine the polarization degree of the incident light based on Poincaré sphere is also proved by the multirod metasurfaces. Our work provides a simple alternative way to enhance the efficiency of CP anomalous light and thus has robust applications in nanophotonics and nanooptics.