bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El espacio subalterno de Xanenetla y Xonaca: estudios sobre la identidad urbana postcolonial en Puebla, México
Authors: Kurjenoja Anne Kristiina , Ismael Simental María Emilia
Published: May 2020

El pensamiento moderno y sus sistemas urbano-arquitectónicos de un “determinismo ontológico” tenían como propósito promover contextos habitables de formas unificadas, basados en sistemas geométricos de organización de espacios y agrupación de funciones similares a través de sistemas de zonificación de funciones. La resultante ciudad moderna ignoró intencionalmente otras urbanidades y maneras subalternas de concebir espacios habitables (Bachelard, 1969: 212, 215) por contrariar el proyecto de organización económica y política que la ha sustentado. Lo que hoy en día estamos viviendo en la mayoría de las metrópolis y zonas conurbadas, por lo menos del mundo occidental, son ciudades texto que entiende la vida humana de manera cuantitativa. Privilegiando la estética formal, la espectacularidad tecnológica, y la distribución mecánica de las funciones urbanas a lo largo del territorio, el texto urbano-arquitectónico de la ciudad moderna excluye las dimensiones subjetivas, culturales, temporales, corpóreas y sensoriales de la vida urbana con consecuencias adversas para la vida de sus habitantes.
El lenguaje y los lugares construidos
Authors: Fuentes Farias Francisco Javier
Published: May 2020

Mientras no se exponga el papel del lenguaje en la construcción de lugares para vivir, su estudio estará incompleto; por ello, el espacio construido plantea el reto de definir un método de análisis que tome en cuenta el surgimiento de procesos cognitivos en la especie humana, de los cuales la percepción y categorización de los objetos en el espacio parece ser el más difícil de explicar. Y es aquí donde el enfoque en el lenguaje, desde el punto de vista de los estudios de la complejidad, permite interpretar y explicar la evolución de la capacidad constructiva del ser humano. En tal sentido, es necesario revisar el problema de en qué medida puede afirmarse que el lenguaje es innato o aprendido, y si la mente es un papel en blanco al nacer, o tiene una base genética y cómo sería ello. Se examina la adquisición del lenguaje y la cognición, y la construcción de lugares para vivir, como producto de una herencia genético-cultual. Se ofrece un punto de vista necesario acerca de la relación cultura-naturaleza, considerando los lugares construidos como subsistemas de un orden superior y auto-organizado: el espacio construido.
Constraint summation in phonological theory
Authors: Magri Giorgio , Storme Benjamin
Published: May 2020

Classical phonological constraints apply to individual candidates. Yet, some authors have proposed constraints that instead apply to sets of candidates, such as distinctiveness constraints (Flemming 2002) and Optimal Paradigm faithfulness constraints (McCarthy 2005). As a consequence, the classical constraints need to be ''lifted'' to sets by summing across the set. Is this assumption of constraint summation typologically innocuous? Or do the classical constraints make different typological predictions when they are summed? Extending a result by Prince (2015), we characterize those models of constraint interaction for which constraint summation is typologically innocuous. As a corollary, typological innocuousness is established for OT and HG.
Diphthongs are micro-feet: Prominence and sonority in the nucleus
Authors: Krämer Martin , Golston Chris
Published: May 2020

In this paper we look at prominence in diphthongs and argue that diphthongs are structured in the same way metrical feet are. We propose a set of OT constraints that generates a typology of micro-feet. These are either iambic or trochaic or they are quality/sonority-sensitive with default to iamb or trochee in case of sonority plateaus (i.e., ui and iu). Crucially, we did not find any language with quantity-sensitive micro-feet. This gap is explained by the assumption that diphthongs are maximally bimoraic and that length in diphthongs is phonologically represented as mora sharing. For a quantity-sensitivity constraint targeting pairs of moras the two vowels in a diphthong are thus indistinguishable and prominence determination is left to sonority or foot form constraints which locate the prominence at an edge of the foot.
The computational nature of stress assignment
Authors: Koser Nate , Jardine Adam
Published: May 2020

While computational studies of stress patterns as phonotactics have yielded restrictive characterizations of stress (Rogers et al., 2013) with provably correct learning procedures (Heinz, 2009), an outstanding question is the nature of stress assignment as a function which assigns stress to an underlying bare string of syllables. This paper fills this gap by locating stress patterns with respect to the subsequential class of functions (Mohri, 1997), which are argued to be important for phonology in that the vast majority of phonological functions fall within the subsequential boundary (Heinz & Lai, 2013; Chandlee, 2014), with the notable exception of tone and vowel harmony (Jardine, 2016; McCollum et al., under review). The main result is that—while most, if not all quantity insensitive (QI) stress systems are subsequential functions—the same does not hold for quantity sensitive (QS) systems. Counter-intuitively, so-called default-to-opposite QS patterns are subsequential, but default-to-same QS patterns are provably not. It also supports the claim of Jardine (2016) that certain tonal patterns are non-sequential because their suprasegmental nature allows for more a more powerful computation. As stress assignment is also suprasegmental, the existence of non-sequential stress functions adds evidence for this conclusion.
Bedouin Arabic multiple opacity with indexed constraints in Parallel OT
Authors: Nazarov Aleksei Ioulevitch
Published: May 2020

Opaque interactions between phonological processes (Kiparsky 1973) can be a significant challenge to Optimality Theoretical accounts of phonology (Idsardi 2000, Bakovic 2011). McCarthy (2007) presents the case of multiple opacity in Bedouin Arabic that seems to require extrinsic process ordering (as provided by OT-CC, McCarthy 2007, and Serial Markedness Reduction, Jarosz 2014). It is a counterexample to the Stratal OT approach: one of the opaque processes in the interaction applies across words, which implies that it applies at the phrase level, and should be transparent according to Stratal OT. At the same time, McCarthy points out multiple opacity as a challenge to non-derivational approaches like Turbidity Theory (Goldrick 2001) or Coloured Containment (van Oostendorp 2008).I offer an account of this complex interaction in terms of a modified version of indexed constraint theory (Pater 2000): constraints are indexed to binary non-phonetic features on individual segments (Nazarov 2019, see also Becker 2009 and Round 2017). This account is compatible with Parallel OT and requires no extrinsic ordering between processes: the processes interact opaquely because of indexation. A restrictive (Richness-of-the-Base-proof) account of the opaque interaction is achieved by restricting how segments with particular indices may be realized.
Gradient categories in lexically-conditioned phonology: An example from sound symbolism
Authors: Shih Stephanie S
Published: May 2020

There are many approaches to modeling lexically-conditioned phonology in current formal theories, including lexically-indexed constraints and cophonologies. Nearly all of these existing approaches assume categorical membership in the lexical classes that condition differential phonotactics or phonological behaviours: for example, a lexical item is either a noun or a verb, or of one gender class or another. This paper proposes an implementation of Maximum Entropy Harmonic Grammar with lexically-indexed constraints and gradient symbolic activations over classes that allows us to model differences in phonological patterns over both discrete and gradient class membership. This theoretical implementation is a natural extension of the scales and gradient activations that have been shown to be necessary in recent phonological theory: sound symbolic evidence highlights the necessity for such increased explanatory power in our phonological models. Crucially, we find gradient lexically-conditioned patterns not only in sound symbolism—where they are often most obvious—but also in what is considered “core” language (e.g., morphosyntactic classes), and allowing gradient class structures in our phonological models may ultimately make for cleaner interfaces with other parts of grammar such as morphosyntax.
Sonority-driven stress and vowel reduction in Uyghur
Authors: McCollum Adam
Published: May 2020

A number of authors have argued that sonority differences among vowels may interact with weight-sensitive stress placement (e.g. Kenstowicz 1994, 1997; de Lacy 2006). In previous work on sonority-sensitivity, variable stress placement has usually been assumed. In this paper, I examine the role of sonority in Uyghur, a language with fixed stress. I argue that sonority is encoded as a weight distinction in the language, which drives asymmetric lengthening of word-final high vowels. I demonstrate that a mora-based analysis also offers insight into medial vowel raising in the language, and sketch out an Optimality theoretic account of the data. Findings from this study support the recent claim made by Shih & de Lacy (2019) that sonority differences are only indirectly available to the grammar in the form of weight distinctions.
Navigating the Phonology-Syntax Interface and Tri-P Mapping
Authors: Miller Taylor L
Published: May 2020

While it is widely acknowledged that phonological processes may be restricted to certain domains, appearing in a particular location or spanning some - but not all - junctures within (morpho-)syntactic structure, debate centers on how to derive phonological domains. There are three main models in the current literature: Relational Mapping, Syntax-Driven Mapping, and Syntactic-Spell Out. Comparisons between specific approaches have been made, but the only side-by-side test of all three approaches using the same data is found in Miller 2018. As part of that study, extreme morpho-syntactic complexity or "polysynthesis" is argued to be the crucial test for any interface model. A side-by-side test using data from Kiowa and Saulteaux Ojibwe shows that no current model is entirely successful. Building on those results, this paper introduces the foundations for Tri-P Mapping, a new model of the phonology-syntax interface.
CMI COMPUTING: A CLOUD, MANET, AND INTERNET OF THINGS INTEGRATION FOR FUTURE INTERNET
Authors: Alam Tanweer
Published: May 2020

Wireless networks make it easier for users to connect with each other in the sense of the Internet of Things infrastructure. Smart devices are dynamically connected and set up a network on their own. But there are more barriers to secure connectivity within this own network. Mobile devices like smart home automation access point, smart washing machines, smart platforms, temperature controller, colour-changing smart Lights, smart mobile phones, smartwatches and smart gadgets etc. are prevalent in our everyday lives and is becoming useful tools with wireless networking capabilities that use different wireless protocols that are traditionally used with an IEEE 802.11 access point. On the realism of the Internet, security has been perceived as a prominent inhibitor of embracing the cloud paradigm. It is resource storage and management that may lay in any since the cloud environment is a distributed architecture, which place of the world, many concerns have been raised over its vulnerabilities, security threats and challenges. The involvement of various parties has widened these concerns based on each party's perspective and objective. The Cloud point of view we mainly discuss the causes of obstacles and challenges related to security, reliability, privacy and service availability. Communication Security has been raised as one of the most critical issues of cloud computing where resolving such an issue would result in constant growth in the use and popularity of cloud computing. Our purpose of this study is to create a framework of mobile ad hoc network mobility model using cloud computing for providing secure communication among smart devices network for the internet of things in 5G heterogeneous networks. Our main contribution links a new methodology for providing secure communication on the internet of smart devices in 5G. Our methodology uses the correct and efficient simulation of the desired study and can be implemented in a framework of the Internet of Things in 5G.
MOTION GRAPHIC ANIMATION VIDEO AS ALTERNATIVE LEARNING MEDIA
Authors: Amali Lanto Ningrayati , Zees Nurtianingrat , Suhada Sitti
Published: May 2020

Lack of students’ attention and interest to learn influence the learning process within the class. Thus, their learning achievement decreased. This study aims at designing a motion graphic, video animation learning media in Indonesian history subject. This study uses research and development method based on the modified research model developed by Borg and Gall with five stages model namely, needs analysis, media design, product development, evaluation and product trial, and final product. This study reveals that the average pretest score before the implementation of the learning media is 57.60, whereas the average posttest score after the motion graphic, animation video learning media implementation is 79.20. The fitness of the media feedback from the media experts’ score is 88% with very appropriate criteria. In addition, the material expert gives a score of 89% for the media appropriateness with very appropriate criteria, and users’ (students) feedback on the media is 87.9% with very appropriate criteria. It is concluded that the designed motion graphic, animation video learning media for Indonesian history subject positively influences students’ learning achievement and is appropriate to be applied in Indonesian history subject.
EVALUASI PRAKTIK PENYELARASAN STRATEGI BISNIS DAN STRATEGI TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Lahay Sri Nilawaty , Dirgahayu Raden Teguh
Published: May 2020

This study aims to evaluate the suitability of business strategies and Information Technology (IT) strategies at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo (UNG) with COBIT 5 best practices. Researchers observe how UNG is planning business strategies and IT then compared with the best COBIT practice 5. The method used in this study is qualitative which includes interviews with interested parties and document studies related to business strategies and IT strategies. The model used is COBIT 5 in the APO domain APO02 process which consists of 31 activities and, SCAMPI (Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement) as a valuation method. The results showed that the alignment of business strategy and IT strategy in UNG had approached the process of alignment of business strategy and IT strategy in COBIT 5. Another important thing found in this study was that planning activities for aligning business strategies and IT strategies at UNG had almost approached. COBIT 5 best practice, however, does not guarantee that overall business and IT activities at UNG are aligned, this is evidenced by the finding of 3 processes that have major weaknesses because there is no activity or evidence of practices carried out referring to COBIT 5.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kesesuaian strategi bisnis dan strategi teknologi informasi (TI) di Universitas Negeri Gorontalo (UNG) dengan best practice COBIT 5. Peneliti melakukan pengamatan bagaimana UNG melakukan perencanaan strategi bisnis dan TI kemudian dibandingkan dengan best practice COBIT 5. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yang meliputi wawancara dengan pihak yang berkepentingan dan studi dokumen terkait strategi bisnis dan strategi TI. Model yang dipakai yaitu: COBIT 5 pada domain APO proses APO02 yang terdiri dari 31 aktivitas dan, SCAMPI (Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Proses Improvement) sebagai metode penilaian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aktivitas penyelarasan strategi bisnis dan strategi TI di UNG telah mendekati proses aktivitas keselarasan strategi bisnis dan strategi TI pada COBIT 5. Hal penting lainnya yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah meskipun aktivitas perencanaan penyelarasan strategi bisnis dan strategi TI di UNG telah hampir medekati best practice COBIT 5 namun, tidak menjamin dalam keseluruhan aktivitas bisnis dan TI di UNG selaras, hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan ditemukan 3 proses yang memiliki kelemahan utama karena tidak terdapat aktivitas atau bukti praktik-praktik yang dilaksanakan merujuk pada COBIT 5.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN ZAKAT SEBAGAI ALAT PERENCANAAN PAJAK (TAX PLANNING) PPh BADAN PADA PT TELKOM INDONESIA
Authors: Mustamin Asyraf , Kasim Amrah , Ismawati Ismawati , Murliani Murliani
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan zakat sebagai alat perencanaan pajak dan menguji bukti empiris efisiensi PPh badan pada PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk Makassar untuk laporan keuangan dan laporan perpajakan mulai tahun 2011-2013. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu penelitian lapangan  studi kasus dengan menganalisis data kuantitaif dan menghasilkan data kualitatif. Objek yang diteliti ialah dokumentasi data-data pada PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk Makassar telah melakukan pelaporan perpajakan sesuai dengan peraturan perpajakan yaitu Undang-undang No.36 tahun 2008, setelah melakukan perhitungan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) badan setelah diterapkan zakat sebagai alat perencanaan pajak serta perusahaan wajib mengeluarkan zakat karena keberadaan perusahaan adalah sebagai badan hukum (recht person) atau yang dianggap sebagai orang. Hasil perhitungan perencanaan pajak setelah dilakukan penerapan zakat terdapat potensi efisiensi sebesar 6,3% sehingga hasil perhitungan PPh Badan dengan melakukan penerapan zakat lebih efisien dibandingkan tanpa melakukan penerapan zakat sebagai alat perencanaan pajak.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAHAN, EFEKTIVITAS SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERN DAN KOMPETENSI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Hartono Hartono , Ramdany Ramdany
Published: May 2020

This study aims to measure the effect of Government Accounting Standards (GAS), Effectiveness of Internal Control, Competence of Human Resources (HR) on the Quality of Financial Statements. Data sourced from questionnaires and processed using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that GAS, the effectiveness of the Government's Internal Control System, HR partially and simultaneously had a significant effect on the quality of financial statements.
Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Gusherinsya Rio , Samukri Samukri
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of accounting information systems on the quality of financial statements at PT. CSM Cargo. The research approach used in this research is descriptive analysis and causality using primary data. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling using saturated samples. The statistical analysis used in this study is a simple linear regression analysis test, hypothesis testing using t test. The population of this research is the administration at PT. CSM Cargo. The research sample used was 47 people with data sources obtained through the results of filling out the questionnaire. Based on the results of research conducted can be seen that the application of accounting information systems affect the quality of financial statements. The results of this study indicate that the application of accounting information systems properly and correctly can improve the quality of financial statements.
Study on the Invention of Real-time Internet Document Automatic Search & Analysis System for MND's Digital Identity
Authors: Jang SangHoon , Lee SukJun
Published: May 2020

As Internet media develops, not only individuals but governments have digital identities (digital identity includes images made by digital media), in addition, as Internet media develops, chances are high that images will be determined by digital identity. Therefore, companies are meeting customer needs through digital image management and data analysis. This is also necessary for government organizations like the Ministry of National Defence (MND). At least we can prevent the damage caused by fake news and can see the Internet’s response to defense policy. Therefore, we invented an automatic search and analysis program for real-time internet documents. Also, through experiments with the policy of MND, we studied the significance and possibility of the project.
Introduction to EU Defence Directive
Authors: Park Seongwan
Published: May 2020

This study aims at brief introduction of EU Defence Directive which was declared in 2009. To this end, it is necessary to understand both security circumstances of Europe and the progress of the single market firstly. In this context, the present research shows developing process of military and security coalition of European countries in chronicle order with the background of political and economic integration. Secondly, given that this Directive plays a role under the framework of TFEU and the EU single market, the study explores areas ruled by this Directive and ones that ruled outside the Directive by EDA, OCCAR, LoI separately. Thirdly, this article reviews legal structure of the Directive and its main features such as flexibility, security of supply and security of information.
Correlation of Capute Scores with CD4 Count among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Children in Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Supadma I. Nyoman , Budiapsari Putu Indah , Wati Ketut Dewi Kumara , Artana I. Wayan Dharma
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Cognitive, motoric, and language development in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected child is an important issue that affects developmental milestone and quality of life. The effect of HIV infection on cognitive function must be detected early to prevent delayed cognitive, motoric, and language function.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the correlation of cognitive scores with CD4 count among HIV-infected children in pediatrics polyclinic Sanglah Hospital, Bali.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 68 HIV-infected children age 0–36 months old as participants. Cognitive score was assessed using Cognitive Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS) scores and HIV status, and CD4 count was obtained from the medical record.
RESULTS: The result showed that mean of CD4 count among subject was 29.85 cells/mm3, there was positive correlation between CAT scores with CD4 count (r = 0.33, p = 0.006) and also between CLAMS scores with CD4 count (r = 0.307, p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that CD4 count correlated with Capute scores on HIV-infected children.
Is Shortwave Diathermy Effective on Mortality of Protoscolices?
Authors: Eslamirad Zahra , Hajihossein Reza , Soleimani Homa
Published: May 2020

AIM: Aprevious study confirmed the effect of microwaves on protoscolices in vitro. In the current study, the effect of shortwave diathermy (SWD) on the protoscolices of hydatid cysts was investigated.
MATERIALS AN DMETHODS: The hydatid cyst was collected from the slaughterhouse and its contents were drained sterilized. SWD therapy was done in continuous mode. The experiment was conducted based on electrode area, power of device, and exposure time.GraphPad and SPSS software was used for data analysis.
RESULTS: The study results showed that the two main factors of time exposure and power of the machine could significantly effective in the mortality rate of protoscolices compared to control (p < 0.0001). Scolicidal activity of SWD in 450 w was 4.5%, 8.3%, and 10%, respectively, after 2, 5, and 10 min with ΔT = 0.5°C, 14°C, and 16°C. The results of the study showed that the simultaneous effect of two factors of power and time exposure increased significantly death rate of protoscolices compared to control (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Since the application of SWD has limited risks, ease of use, and relative low cost and it can induce hyperthermia in depth of tissues, continuous SWD can be used as a tool for preoperative in surgery. However, it is likely that scolicidal activity can be observed by changing the device mode in pulse short wave at a lower temperature and also the possible side effects need further investigation in vivo.
Bacterial Isolates of Urine and their Susceptibility to Antimicrobials
Authors: Mahdi Batool , Khudhur Haneen Basim , Abdul-Hussein Mustafa Mohammad
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a collective term used to describe the microbial invasion of any part of the urinary tract, which consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It is one of the most common bacterial infections in both sexes with a predilection in females.
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to isolate the bacteria causing UTI and the highest resistance microorganisms with resistance rates to different antibiotics.
STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study.METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 1000 patients both inpatient and outpatient referred to the laboratory of Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital for urine culture and antibiotic susceptibility examination.
RESULTS: Of 1000 samples, 318 (31.8%) urine samples were found positive while 682 (68.2%) were negative. Females with bacteriuria held the highest percentage (72.3%) over males (27.7%). Most frequent pathogen was Escherichia coli (40.5%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (25.7%) which together accounted for 66.2% of the total uropathogens. The uropathogenic bacterial isolates showed different resistance rates to antimicrobial agents: Cefixime (74%), ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (73.87%), rifampin (68.75%), ceftriaxone (60.31%), cefepime (44.44%), ciprofloxacin (43.65%), aztreonam (33.78%), nitrofurantoin (29.61%), gentamicin (25.64%), and amikacin (7.31%) being the most effective with a susceptibility rate of (89.63%).
CONCLUSIONS: E. coli remains to be the most frequent bacterial uropathogen causing urinary infections. Effective drug may be in the clinical study, in microbiology is only that bacteria were most susceptible to amikacin. β-lactams have the highest resistance rates, and the most resistance antibiotic in this study is cefixime.
Antidepressant Activity of Alpha-lactalbumin in Chronic Unpredictable Stress Model in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Asaad Gihan F. , Ahmed Rania F. , Nada Somaia A. , Eldenshary Ezz El-Din S. , Arafa Nadia M. S. , Farid Omar A. H. A.
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause for morbidity and mortality. Whey protein components are recently used as functional foods with health benefits. Alpha-lactalbumin (A-LA) is an important component of whey protein. It is a good source of the essential amino acids.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the possible antidepressant effect of whey protein against MDD induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in mice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: CUS model is used to induce depression in mice for 24 consecutive days and aimed to evaluate the ability of A-LA compared to fluoxetine to recover depression symptoms. Thirty minutes before exposure to the physical stressor, mice were given A-LA daily in a dose of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg bwt.
RESULTS: The highest dose of A-LA (300 mg/kg bwt.) lessens depression induced in mice.
CONCLUSION: This effect might contribute to elevate the level of glutamate and monoamine neurotransmitters, γ-amino-butyric acid inhibition, and enhancement of glutathione in brain tissue.
Vidal de la Blache historiador
Authors: Lira Larissa Alves de
Published: May 2020

Este artigo procura situar o geógrafo Vidal de la Blache (1845-1918) num “lento” processo de institucionalização da geografia, em fins do século XIX e início de XX, e na transição de Vidal de la Blache da posição de historiador para a posição de geógrafo. Seus trabalhos sobre o Mediterrâneo são especiais para os nossos objetivos, dado que eles atravessam toda a carreira de Vidal de la Blache, inclusive no papel de historiador. Lidamos com os pressupostos metodológicos de uma história social das idéias, que se manifesta em nossa tentativa de estabelecer a relação de Vidal com intelectuais fora e dentro do campo da geografia. Também recorremos ao recurso de uma história das permanências e das continuidades para esta reconstituição histórica, perspectiva metodológica que nos levou à consideração de que, para evitar anacronismos, seria preciso observar que Vidal de la Blache não deixou de ser historiador ao se tornar geógrafo. A formação original de Vidal de la Blache como historiador na Escola Normal e na Escola de Atenas, e as relações subsequentes que manteve com os historiadores (mesmo já reconhecido como geógrafo), marcaram a formação e a carreira de Vidal de la Blache. Dessa confluência, surgiu uma concepção original de tempo geográfico. É esta noção que procuramos caracterizar e definir como uma ferramenta metodológica importante para os estudos de Geografia Humana e, notadamente, para o geógrafo de campo.
Design of Dynamic Inversion and Explicit Model Following Flight Control Laws for Quadrotor UAS
Authors: Saetti Umberto , Horn Joseph F. , Lakhmani Sagar , Lagoa Constantino , Berger Tom F.
Published: May 2020

The objectives of this paper are to advance dynamic inversion (DI) and explicit model following (EMF) flight control laws for quadrotor unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and to develop an efficient strategy to compute the stability and performance robustness statistics of such control laws
given parametric model uncertainty. For this purpose, a parametric model of a quadrotor is identified from flight-test data. The identified model is validated both in frequency and time domains. Next, DI and EMF flight control laws are designed for both inner attitude and outer velocity loops.
Finally, a novel approach based on an unscented transform is used to evaluate the statistics of the controller's performance based on the statistics of the uncertain model parameters.
Gestione forestale e prevenzione del dissesto idrogeologico in territori ad elevata vulnerabilità in Campania
Authors: Iovino Francesco , Nicolaci Antonino , De Dominicis Alessio , De Nardo Alfonso
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on the compatibility between forest management and soil conservation with reference to chesnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) and especially Manna Ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) mixed hop Hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) coppices stands, located on slopes of Campania and characterized by intensely pedogenised pyroclastic coverage, but unstable when facing intense rainy events. Based on the Corine Land Cover system (2012), we divided the areas into the three physiognomic types; thus, the proportion of surfaces falling under the pyroclastic coverage, which are the more instable, were obtained by overlapping the land systems and soil map produced by the Campania region (2014). For each type of coppice, we examined all the different structural conditions (traditional coppices, coppices past traditional rotation age and coppice in conversion to high forest) and underlined the most important critical issues due to clearcutting, We summarized the different types of silvicultural interventions to improve the forest management sustainability, especially in those areas which are vulnerable to hydrogeological instability. We also stressed that forest planning is the essential tool for sustainable management of coppices, together with the catchment area and the fire-fighting planning.
Implications of Non-Performing Loans on the Nigerian Deposit Money Banks
Authors: Tomi Saliu Hakeem , Emmanual Idih Ogwu , Adeyinka Adewole Joseph
Published: May 2020

The study examined the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the implications of non-performing loans on the Nigerian deposit money banks. The main objective is to examine the effect of Non-Performing loan on the Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. A systematization literary approach for data analysis was Auto Regression distribution lag (ARDL) bound tests. Findings revealed that there exist a long run significant relationship between Non performing loan and the Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. It was revealed that persistence increase in Non-performing loans results in poor Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. It was also discovered that Non Performing Loan reduces deposit money banks return on asset. The study therefore recommends that deposit money banks should employ competent risk managers that always use their skills to reduce the incident of non-performing loans in the Nigerian deposit money banks. The study also recommends that deposit money banks in Nigeria should always monitor the end-use of funds given to their customers in order to curb the incident of fund diversion which may result in non-performing loan.
Price Discount and Retention of Customers of Pay Television Sector in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Adebule Samuel Olufemi
Published: May 2020

Aim: To determine the correlation between price discount and customer retention in the Nigerian pay television sector particularly in Ekiti State, Nigeria. 

Study Design: Descriptive survey research design was used for the study.

Place and Duration of Study: Ekiti State, Nigeria between February and November, 2019.

Methods: Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select the 390 subscribers of pay television in Ekiti State namely Startimes, Dstv and Gotv who are respondents of the study. Primary data used for the study were collected through a well-structured questionnaire and were analysed using percentages, frequency table and multiple regressions.

Results: Findings from the study revealed that provision of price discount had a significant positive effect on retention of customers of pay television in Nigeria. Also the study revealed that reduction in subscription fees at interval has a positive effect on customer continuous patronage of the pay television service provider.

Conclusion: The study concluded that increased sales promotion led to increased customer retention in the pay television sector in Nigeria. It recommended that pay television service providers should give more of price discounting and free to view stations to customers with a view to attracting potential customers and retaining the existing ones.
Towards a Knowledge-rich Curriculum
Authors: Dinh Hanh
Published: May 2020

This action research is to develop a framework of knowledge-rich curriculum from the knowledge-based curriculum. Rather than to replace current approaches to knowledge-based learning, this article enriches the knowledge mining orientations with additional criteria for organizing and assessing knowledge to ensure the quality of educational experience through which those orientations are developed. The proposed curriculum is characterized by principles for specific components: content, teacher roles, teaching sequence, and assessment. It presents one typical class session and teacher reflections that actualized the framework put into practice with Secondary education for English as a Foreign Language in Vietnam during 2016-2017 academic year.
Pengetahuan Lokal dan Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Berguna Pada Masyarakat Batulanteh, Pulau Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat: Sebuah Kajian Etnobotani
Authors: Rahayu Mulyati , Arifa Nissa , Nikmatullah Muhamad , Keim Ary Prihardhyanto
Published: May 2020

The study was conducted in Batulanteh District, Sumbawa regency, Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara, which is aimed to reveal the knowledge of the Samawa people on the diversity of useful plants and their uses. It documented 111 plant species, in which 47.5% are used as traditional medicine. Also, the sudy found that wild honey bees (Apis dorsata) is having a conspicuous association with plants in producing natural honey, which plays an important role in the local economy. The interviews with selected respondents showed that the Samawa people totally understand the importance of forest conservation in relation with the existence of the honey bees’ life.
A History of Shiʿi Islam
Authors: Daftary Farhad
Published: May 2020

I.B.Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies

Shi'i Muslims have played a crucial role, proportionally greater than their relative size, in furthering the civilizational achievements of Islam. Indeed, the Shi'i scholars and literati of various branches and regions, including scientists, philosophers, theologians, jurists and poets, have made seminal contributions to Islamic thought and culture. There have also been numerous Shi'i dynasties, families or individual rulers who patronized scholars, poets and artists as well as various institutions of learning in Islam. In spite of its significance, however, Shi'i Islam has received little scholarly attention in the West, and when it has been discussed, whether in general or in terms of some of its subdivisions, it has normally been treated marginally as a 'sect' or a 'heterodoxy'. The present book draws on the scattered findings of modern scholarship in the field, attempting to explain the formative era of Shi'i Islam, when a multitude of Muslim groups and schools of thought were elaborating their doctrinal positions.

Subsequent chapters are devoted to the history of the Ithna'asharis, or Twelvers, the Ismailis, the Zaydis and the Nusayris (now more commonly known in Syria as the Alawis), the four communities that account for almost the entirety of the Shi'i Muslim population of the world. The result is a comprehensive survey of Shi'i Islam that will serve as an accessible work of reference for academics in both Islamic and Middle Eastern studies, as well as the broader field of the History of Religions, and also more general, non-specialist readers.
Iranian Cinema Uncensored
Authors: Rahbaran Shiva
Published: May 2020

The New Iranian Cinema is considered by many to be the most fascinating cultural phenomenon produced within the Islamic Republic of Iran. Containing twelve first-hand interviews with the most renowned film-makers living and working in contemporary Iran, this book provides insights into film-making within a society often at odds with its rulers. Reflecting upon the 1979 revolution and its influence on their work, as well as the effect of their films on Iranian audiences, film-makers such as Abbas Kiarostami and Jafar Panahi highlight the key issues surrounding the reception of Iranian cinema in the West and also its role in the development of Iran’s global image. Through these conversations Shiva Rahbaran reveals that the seeds of the New Iranian Cinema were sown long before the revolution, and that Iranian film-makers gave rise to a cinema which became a global phenomenon despite censorship, sanctions and political isolation.
Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Fletcher Charles D
Published: May 2020

Christian-Muslim dialogue grows increasingly important, but little is known about individual Muslim dialogical thinkers. Born in Palestine in 1921, Ismail al-Faruqi was a leading figure in the development of conversation and debate across faiths in North America in the second half of the twentieth century, and was actively engaged in inter-faith study and dialogue. Al-Faruqi founded the Islamic Studies programme at Temple University, Pennsylvania where several distinguished Muslim intellectuals have taught, such as Seyyid Hossein Nasr, Mahmoud Ayoub and Hasan Hanafi. Along with Kenneth Cragg and Wilfred Cantwell Smith, al-Faruqi was an active participant in Muslim-Christian dialogues in the 1970s and the 1980s. Charles Fletcher here presents the first study dedicated to Ismail al-Faruqi’s theory and practice of interfaith dialogue. Analysing al-Faruqi’s sometimes provocative ideas on the comparative study of religion, dialogue and practical engagement, the author provides an illuminating study of the life and thought of this important scholar.

Tracing the development of al-Faruqi’s ideas and practice of inter-faith dialogue, Fletcher shows how Muslim intellectuals engaged in such attempts viewed their role as representatives of the worldwide Muslim community. With perceptive insights into the history of contemporary Muslim-Christian dialogue, this book will be invaluable for all those interested in inter-faith relations, comparative religious studies, North American Muslims and Islamic studies.
Language Education in the School Curriculum
Authors: Cruickshank Ken , Black Stephen , Chen Honglin , Tsung Linda , Wright Jan
Published: May 2020

There is widespread concern in all English speaking countries at the rapid decline in study of languages. The promise of ‘languages for all’ in the UK and North America in the 1970s marked a shift from languages as élite subjects for the privileged few, but this promise has not been fulfilled. This book explores the reasons for and solutions to this decline. More importantly, it looks at how these trends have been reversed in successful school programs and the implications of this for language education policy makers. The study draws on an analysis of data from 600 primary, secondary and community languages schools over six years and from detailed case studies in a representative sample of 45 successful schools. The book proposes a range of strategies to address the decline: from engaging classroom learning, assessment outcomes and embedding languages as central in school curriculum on the one level, to a mix of incentives and mandation for language study, especially at upper secondary school level.

The authors explore the impact of learning languages on the thinking, educational experiences and outcomes of young people across a range of ethnic backgrounds and socioeconomic statuses. They show the importance of having equal access to languages study in a world where young people will have increasingly more diverse working lives and argue that the gap in languages between policy and uptake is really a gap in the thinking of policy makers and government.
Contemporary British Television Drama
Authors: Chapman James
Published: May 2020

The early twenty-first century has seen the emergence of a new style of television drama in Britain that adopts the professional practices and production values of high-end American television while remaining emphatically 'British' in content and outlook. This book analyses eight of these dramas – Spooks, Foyle's War, Hustle, Life on Mars, Ashes to Ashes, Downton Abbey, Sherlock and Broadchurch – which have all proved popular with audiences and in their different ways represent the thematic and formal paradigms of post-millennial drama.

James Chapman locates new British drama in its institutional and economic contexts, considers their critical and popular reception, and analyses their social politics in relation to their representations of class, gender and nationhood. He demonstrates how contemporary drama has mobilised both new and residual elements in re-configuring genres such as the spy series, cop show and costume drama for the cultural tastes of modern audiences. And it concludes that television drama has played an integral role in both the economic and the cultural export of 'Britishness'.
The Opinions of Science Teachers on the Weaknesses and Strengths of LGS and TEOG Systems (The Case of Kars Province)
Authors: Diken Emine Hatun
Published: May 2020

This study aims to determine the opinions of science teachers working in secondary schools in Kars province of Turkey regarding the comparison of the High School Entrance Exam (LGS) which is currently being applied in Turkey and the transition from primary to secondary education (TEOG) which was applied in Turkey before this exam system. The study was conducted with a screening model and data was collected through structured questions. The study group consists of 48 Science Teachers, who have teaching experience “1-10, 10-20 and over 20 years”, working in 13 different secondary schools in Kars. The main categories were tried to be determined using explanatory and inferential codes that appeared in the analysis of forms for teachers' views. As a result of the research, it was found that most science teachers expressed the opinion that it was not necessary to abolish the TEOG and enact the LGS, and that the TEOG exam served its purpose better than the LGS. Again, as a result of the research, it was found that science teachers who thought that TEOG was a stronger test than LGS expressed the opinion that TEOG should be more systematic, process-oriented, be compensated, have more impact on written exams in school, and that the exam should be a process-oriented exam spanning two semesters. It was determined that science teachers who thought that LGS was a stronger test than TEOG had expressed the opinion that LGS was a highly distinguishable test and that LGS questions were questions based on high-level thinking, high selectivity, based on interpretation, requiring knowledge, far from recitation, covering all subjects.
Robust Evolution in Historical Time
Authors: Miller Jerome A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2020

The normalized, deterministic conception of evolution espoused by Dennett is increasingly being challenged by theorists who, following Gould, emphasize the role that historical contingencies play in it. I explore the conflict between these views and argue that correcting our understanding of the relationship between nature’s systematic necessities and historical temporality can resolve it. The mathematically precise laws science formulates describe the systematic patterns of nature abstractly and, as abstractions, these laws do not preclude but allow for the contingencies of historical time. Drawing on Heidegger and Hume, I argue that historical time is characterized by the ingression of the unprecedented future into the present. This is the ontological infrastructure that makes the evolution of unprecedented ontological alterities possible.
Unravelling the “Black Box”: Treatment-Staff Perceptions of Hermon Prison’s Drug-Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Zelig A. , Shoham E. , Haviv N. , Hasisi B. , Weisburd D.
Published: May 2020

This current qualitative study analyzed treatment-staff perceptions of the advantages and weaknesses of Israeli’s primary prison-based drug rehabilitation program, as implemented in Hermon Prison in Israel. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 social workers and recovery mentors who worked as therapists in Hermon Prison during the research period. The analysis showed that the main advantages described were that the program was varied (included psychotherapy, education, vocational training, and work) and required a 1-year stay in a therapeutic community setting, with intensive exposure to eclectic psychotherapy methods and was delivered in a prison that is organizationally and architecturally designed to serve treatment goals. The primary weaknesses that the therapists perceived were shortages of treatment staff (staff turnover was high), individual psychological therapy and of follow-up treatment in the community. The research suggests that reducing these deficiencies may improve the program’s effectiveness, and it offers an initial theoretical model for creating an effective drug rehabilitation program.