bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FT-IR SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF POTSHERDS EXCAVATED FROM THE FIRST SETTLEMENT LAYER OF KURIKI MOUND, TURKEY
Authors: BAYAZIT MURAT , ISIK ISKENDER , CERECI SEDAT , ISSI ALI , GENC ELIF
Published: May 2013

The region covering Southeastern Anatolia takes place in upper Mesopotamia, so it has numerous cultural heritages due to its witness to various social movements of different civilizations in ancient times. Kuruki Mound is located on the junction point of Tigris River and Batman Creek, near Oymatas village which is almost 15 km to Batman, Turkey. The mound is dated back to Late Chalcolithic. Archaeological excavations are carried out on two hills named as “Kuriki Mound-1” and “Kuriki Mound-2” in which 4-layer and 2-layer settlements have been revealed, respectively. This region will be left under the water by the reservoir lake of Ilısu Dam when its construction is completed. Thus, characterization of ancient materials such as potsherds, metals and skeleton ruins should be rapidly done. In this study, 12 potsherds excavated from Layer-1 (the first settlement layer after the surface) in Kuriki Mound-2 were investigated by FT-IR spectrometry. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used as complementary techniques in order to expose chemical and mineralogical/phase contents, respectively. Obtained results showed that the potteries have been produced with calcareous clays and they include moderate amounts of MgO , K 2 O , Na 2 O and Fe 2 O 3 in this context. Additionally, high temperature phases have also been detected with XRD analyses in some samples.
POSITRON LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS IN NATURAL RUBBER WITH DIFFERENT FILLERS
Authors: MANDAL A. , MUKHERJEE S. , PAN S. , SENGUPTA A.
Published: May 2013

Positron annihilation lifetime spectra (PLAS) have been measured for natural rubber polymer with different fillers (Titenium dioxide, Nanosilica and Nanoclay) as a function of filler concentration to investigate how these fillers affect the microstructure of free volume of natural rubber. The lifetime spectra is analyzed by using LT9.0 and the longest lived component(τo-Ps) is attributed to the pick- off annihilation of o-Ps in free volume sites, available mostly in the amorphous region of polymer. On the basis of the τo-Ps values the radii of the free volume holes (Rh) are calculated. The PALS results show that o-Ps lifetime as well as the size of free volume decreases with the increase of filler concentration.
THERMO PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VITRIFIED TILE POLISHING WASTE FOR USE IN TRADITIONAL CERAMICS-AN INITIATIVE OF CGCRI, NARODA CENTRE
Authors: MISRA S. N. , MACHHOYA B. B. , SAVSANI R. M.
Published: May 2013

This paper reports the thermo physical characteristics of Vitrified tile polishing waste materials. As such growing production of vitrified tiles in the country generate large volume of this waste obtained during processing, polishing and cutting of the vitrified tiles to the tune of nearly 10-15 tonnes per day from each plant. The characteristic features of these materials are being studied and investigated to develop suitable technology for finding its gainful use especially in the traditional ceramics. It is known that ceramic as such building materials industry could be a large raw materials consumer and being heterogeneous and thus could utilize this vast quantity as the raw materials. However, the main problem would be it's firing nature as it showed thermal deformation after a particular temperature. Interestingly, the production process of most of the traditional ceramics follows a similar pattern starting from the raw materials processing up to a level of firing. Hence, to suggest suitable utility in the traditional ceramics as raw materials, it was the prime requisite that these waste must be thoroughly studied w. r. t various thermo physical characteristics to make use in this sectors. Hence, the present paper interestingly gone up to various study such as raw materials nature, particle size distribution, chemistry, XRD and DTA study for understanding typical physico chemical properties, and finally thermal properties to make it suitable for use in traditional ceramic industries. The higher fineness of the waste materials indicates its usefulness without extra grinding. The chemistry of typical sludge shows contamination from abrasive particles, sorrel cement bonding materials etc. originated from the polishing wheel and needs special precaution while suggesting use in the ceramic sectors. The firing characteristics of the sludge materials produces a foamy and spongy shapes and this could be the main guiding parameters in selecting the end use of the waste materials w. r. t temperature. The present study only shows various characteristic features of this waste and focuses its important properties to be used as a raw material in large quantity in the ceramic industries.
INTERATOMIC INTERACTIONS AND ZONE CENTRE PHONONS IN MULTIFERROIC BiFeO3 CERAMICS
Authors: SINHA M. M. , RUBY  , GUPTA H. C.
Published: May 2013

The existence of an epitaxially stabilized tetragonal-like (“T -like”) monoclinic phase in BiFeO 3 thin films with high levels of compressive strain has been reported recently. While their structural and ferroelectric properties are different from those of rhombohedral-like (“R-like”) films with lower levels of strain, little information exists on magnetic properties. In this study we have applied a short range force constant model by using normal coordinates to investigate the Raman and the infrared wavenumbers in tetragonal BiFeO 3 having space group P4mm (C4v1). The calculation of zone center phonons has been made by using three stretching and six bending force constants. The calculated Raman and infrared wavenumbers are in very good agreement with the observed ones. The potential energy distribution has also been investigated for determining the significance of contribution from each force constant toward the Raman and the infrared wavenumbers.
EFFECT OF MILLING TIME ON PHASE TRANSITION IN BaTi0.095W0.05O3 NANOCERAMICS SYNTHESIZED BY HIGH-ENERGY BALL MILLING
Authors: DEVI SHEELA , JHA A. K.
Published: May 2013

Nanocrystalline BaTi 0.095 W 0.05 O 3 has been synthesized by mechanical activation process using high-energy ball milling. The powders milled for (10 hours, 20 hours, 30 hours respectively) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy images showed that in W- substituted barium titanate nanoparticles are formed in the range of 20–50 nm. Crystallite size decreases with increasing milling time in the samples. Detailed Dielectric and ferroelectric properties with different milling times are discussed in detail. Diffusivity of the samples increases with milling time. Piezoelectric properties increase with increase in milling time in the samples.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MECHANICALLY FLEXIBLE RUBBER-CERAMIC COMPOSITE DIELECTRICS
Authors: THOMAS DHANESH , SEBASTIAN M. T.
Published: May 2013

Butyl rubber — Ca4La6( SiO4)4( PO4)2O2— composites have been prepared by sigma mixing and hot pressing. The relative permittivity of the composites varies from 3 to 5.3 at 1 MHz. All the composites show low dielectric loss of the order of 10−3at 1 MHz. The experimentally observed values of relative permittivity are correlated with those calculated using various theoretical models. The composites show good temperature stability of relative permittivity.
A NOVEL DIELECTRIC CERAMIC FOR MICROWAVE PASSIVE CIRCUITS
Authors: VARGHESE JOBIN , PRESUME MATHEU , SURENDRAN KUZHICHALIL PEETHAMBHARAN , SEBASTIAN MAILADIL THOMAS
Published: May 2013

The tetragonal Ca 9 Nd 2 W 4 O 24 (CNW) ceramic was prepared by the conventional solid state ceramic route and their dielectric properties were investigated in the radio and microwave frequencies. The CNW ceramics sintered at 1450 °C for 4 h showed a densification 92 % with εr = 16 and tanδ = 0.004 at 15.1 GHz. The thermal conductivity of ceramic at room temperature was found to be 1.6 W m−1K−1 and coefficent of thermal expansion of CNW ceramics was 4.2 ppm/°C measured in the range of 25 to 600 °C. The dielectric and thermal properties of CNW ceramic are reported for the first time.
SINTERING AND MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF AlPO4-MgF2 CERAMIC COMPOSITE
Authors: ABHILASH PULANCHIYODAN , THOMAS DHANESH , SEBASTIAN MAILADIL T.
Published: May 2013

Aluminium phosphate ( AlPO 4)-Magnesium fluoride ( MgF 2) composite has been prepared through solid state ceramic route. The formation of composite has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The variation in εr and tanδ of the composite with frequency in the range (1K Hz – 3 MHz) has been studied. The AlPO 4- MgF 2 has a small temperature dependence of εr. The composite shows low relative permittivity of 3 and low dielectric loss (tanδ = 7×10−3) at 5.85 GHz.
SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF COBALT FERRITE WITH DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGIES
Authors: NAYAK BIBHUTI B. , NAYAK NADIYA BIHARY , MALLIK RAHUL KUMAR , MONDAL APARNA
Published: May 2013

Different morphologies (spherical, flake and rod) of cobalt ferrite were synthesized using cobalt salt, iron salts, hydrazine hydrate (as a precipitating agent) and CTAB (surfactant) in water as well as ethylene glycol solvents. Four different synthesis ways (HIS, SIH, HISCO and HISG) were adopted to synthesize cobalt ferrite nanopowders using precipitation method. The as-prepared powders obtained after different synthesis ways were calcined at 800°C and structure, microstructure as well as magnetic properties are studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and magnetization studies using pulsed field loop tracer were employed to characterize these cobalt ferrite powders, prepared using different precipitation ways. All the samples are identified with single phase cobalt ferrite and the crystallite size was found to be around 40 nm. Nearly spherical (multifaceted), rod with flake-like, nearly spherical and rod-like morphologies are obtained while synthesizing using HIS, SIH, HISCO and HISG ways, respectively. Rod with flake-like (SIH sample) and rod-like morphologies (HISG sample) show higher coercivity, than the spherical-like (SIH and HISCO smaples) morphology. The highest coericivty was found to be around 925 Oe for HISG sample and highest magnetization is 67 emu/g for HISCO sample.
CERIA NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY A POLYMER PRECURSOR METHOD
Authors: SONI B. , BISWAS S.
Published: May 2013

We report a novel synthesis technique of ceria nanoparticles by a sol-gel type chemical process using poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) as a capping as well as a reducing agent. The as-synthesized CeO 2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The XRD analysis reveals the fluorite type face centered cubic structure in the ceria nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 6 nm and 9 nm for the samples calcined at 350°C and 400°C, respectively.
TAILORING THE MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF ALKALINE EARTH GEHLENITE TYPE CERAMIC
Authors: ARUN B. , MANU K. M. , SEBASTIAN M. T.
Published: May 2013

The effect of glass fluxing and isovalent substitution on the microwave dielectric properties of low permittivity Sr 2 Al 2 SiO 7 (SAS) ceramic has been investigated. X – ray diffraction pattern of all the compositions indicate the formation of tetragonal Gehlenite type ceramics with space group [Formula: see text] (no. 113). The addition of small amounts of lithium magnesium zinc borosilicate (LMZBS) glass to Sr 2 Al 2 SiO 7 ceramic enhanced the densification. Glass fluxing also improved the quality factor and relative permittivity. A small partial substitution of Al 3+ and Si 4+ by Ga 3+ and Ge 4+ was found to degrade the dielectric properties of SAS ceramic. The composition Sr 2 Al 2 SiO 7 + 1 wt. % LMZBS glass showed the best dielectric properties with εr = 7.3, Qu×f = 36000 GHz and τf = −23.0 ppm/°C.
EVALUATION OF BENDING STRENGTH IN FRICTION WELDED ALUMINA/MILD STEEL JOINTS BY APPLYING FACTORIAL TECHNIQUE
Authors: JESUDOSS HYNES N. RAJESH , NAGARAJ P. , VIVEK PRABHU M.
Published: May 2013

Joining of metal with ceramics has become significant in many applications, because they combine properties like ductility with high hardness and wear resistance. By friction welding technique, alumina can be joined to mild steel with AA1100 sheet of 1mm thickness as interlayer. In the present work, investigation of the effect of friction time on interlayer thickness reduction and bending strength is carried out by factorial design. By using ANOVA, a statistical tool, regression modeling is done. The regression model predicts the bending strength of welded ceramic/metal joints accurately with ± 2% deviation from the experimental values.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON JOINING OF CERAMICS WITH METAL BY FRICTION WELDING TECHNIQUE
Authors: JESUDOSS HYNES N. RAJESH , NAGARAJ P. , BASIL S. JOSHUA
Published: May 2013

The joining of ceramic and metals can be done by different techniques such as ultrasonic joining, brazing, transient liquid phase diffusion bonding, and friction welding. Friction Welding is a solid state joining process that generates heat through mechanical friction between a moving workpiece and a stationary component. In this article, numerical simulation on thermal analysis of friction welded ceramic/metal joint has been carried out by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software. The finite element analysis helps in better understanding of the friction welding process of joining ceramics with metals and it is important to calculate temperature and stress fields during the welding process. Based on the obtained temperature distribution the graphs were plotted between the lengths of the joint corresponding to the temperatures. To increase the wettability, aluminium sheet was used as an interlayer. Hence, numerical simulation of friction welding process is done by varying the interlayer sheet thickness. Transient thermal analysis had been carried out for each cases and temperature distribution was studied. From the simulation studies, it is found that the increase in interlayer thickness reduces the heat affected zone and eventually improves the joint efficiency of alumina/aluminum alloy joints.
STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF La0.67Sr0.33Mn0.93Zn0.07O3 MANGANITE
Authors: AHMED HILAL , KHAN SHAKEEL , KHAN WASI , NONGJAI RAZIA , KHAN IMRAN
Published: May 2013

The structural and magnetic measurements have been carried out on La 0.67 Sr 0.33 Mn 0.93 Zn 0.07 O 3 (LSMZO) polycrystalline sample. The sample has been prepared through Sol-Gel route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the single phase nature of the sample with orthorhombic crystal symmetry. Field dependent magnetization shows the hysteresis loop with very low coercive field and the magnetization does not saturate up to the field of 5000 gauss in magnitude.
DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOUR OF MANGANESE MODIFIED STRONTIUM TITANATE CERAMICS SYNTHESIZED BY SOLID STATE CERAMIC ROUTE
Authors: SINGH PRAKASH , SINGH PRABHAKAR , PARKASH OM , KUMAR DEVENDRA
Published: May 2013

Various compositions with x=0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 in the system SrTi 1-x Mn x O 3 were prepared by solid state ceramic route. Compositions with x ≤ 0.10 were found to be single phase solid solution. In this paper, the result of investigations on the effect of manganese substitution in SrTiO 3 on dielectric behaviour for the compositions with x ≤ 0.10, which form single phase solid solution have been reported. Average grain size is small, this may be due to segregation of dopant at grainboundaries. Dielectric measurements were made in the temperature range 150–500K. Measurements of dielectric properties show that there is not much space charge polarisation across the grains and grainboundaries interface. This space charge polarisation only occurs at high temperature and one observes large dispersion of dielectric constant and dissipation factor. At low temperatures, dielectric behaviour follows the character of SrTiO 3 with only difference in the values of dielectric constant.
SYNTHESIS OF DIOPSIDE BY SOLUTION COMBUSTION PROCESS USING GLYCINE FUEL
Authors: SHERIKAR BABURAO N. , UMARJI A. M.
Published: May 2013

Nano ceramic Diopside ( CaMgSi 2 O 6) powders are synthesized by Solution Combustion Process(SCS) using Calcium nitrate, Magnesium nitrate as oxidizer and glycine as fuel, fumed silica as silica source. Ammonium nitrate (AN) is used as extra oxidizer. Effect of AN on Diopside phase formation is investigated. The adiabatic flame temperatures are calculated theoretically for varying amount of AN according to thermodynamic concept and correlated with the observed flame temperatures. A “Multi channel thermocouple setup connected to computer interfaced Keithley multi voltmeter 2700” is used to monitor the thermal events during the process. An interpretation based on maximum combustion temperature and the amount of gases produced during reaction for various AN compositions has been proposed for the nature of combustion and its correlation with the characteristics of as synthesized powder. These powders are characterized by XRD, SEM showing that the powders are composed of polycrystalline oxides with crystallite size of 58nm to 74nm.
NEW GENERATION ENERGY EFFICIENT REFRACTORY APPLICATION IN SOAKING PITS OF BHILAI STEEL PLANT, SAIL
Authors: ROY INDRANIL , CHINTAIAH PERUMETLA , BHATTACHARYA AJOY KR. , GARAI SWAPAN KR. , RAY CHOUDHURY PANKAJ KR. , TIWARI LAKSMAN
Published: May 2013

In Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP), soaking pits are used for heating ingots for successive rolling into blooms. Pits are operated at a temperature of around 1350°C. Mixed gas (Mixture of Blast Furnace gas & Coke Oven gas) of calorific value around 2040 kcal/Nm3 is used as fuel. The walls of soaking pits were lined with traditional 38% Al 2 O 3 firebricks and top 500mm was cast with 70% Al 2 O 3 low cement castable (LCC). This type of lining results in frequent damages due to hitting by ingots while being lifted from pit by overhead cranes thus affecting the availability of pit. Life of pits was 2 to 2.5 years in BSP with 3-4 cold repairs and 3-4 hot repairs. Energy loss through the wall is also quite high in this type of lining.

To triumph over the limitations of the conventional lining, a lining design was developed for the walls which consist of special 70% Al 2 O 3 LCC having high hot strength (HMOR) in combination with specially design flexible SS-304 anchors. Ceramic fiber blanket and insulation bricks were provided between castable and the metallic shell of the pit to minimize the heat loss. A heating schedule was developed and introduced based on available infrastructure at BSP for proper curing of modified LCC based lining.

After introduction of modified lining, pit no. 14/2 is running for more than 2.5 years without any repair. To capitalize the success, two more pits i.e. 12/1 and 9/2 were converted to modified lining. These pits are also running satisfactorily for more than 1.5 years. The modification has resulted in higher availability with substantial increase in production. Shell temperature of the modified pits reduced to 90° – 140°C from 120° – 200°C of conventional pits. This shows reduction in heat loss through walls, resulting less fuel consumption and energy saving of about 18%.
STUDY ON THE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION (NANO-PARTICLES) OF MINING MINERALS ON WHITENESS OF TRIAXIAL BODY
Authors: MATHUR RAVI , SONI ADITI
Published: May 2013

White wares produced worldwide represent the foundation of much of the ceramic industry; Porcelain bodies fabricated from triaxial mixtures of clay, quartz and feldspar with different size and amounts of nano particles were investigated. Although the purity of raw materials has a strong effect on the colour of the fired bodies, the particle size of raw materials also effect the whiteness The raw material mining minerals china Clay, Feldspar, quarts were prepared of various sized nano particles contains 10.60 -20.22%, 56.84- 70.80 % and 34.87-50.76 % of 100nm respectively. The fired bodies of raw mining minerals and triaxial bodies were subjected to colour measurement. The differences in whiteness were compared and discussed. The studies so far carried out is upto 400 mesh size while the present study has included up to 100nm particle size. A statistical correlation between whiteness of feldspar and triaxial body was also carried out. The correlation between china clay and triaxial body are 0.53, 0.57 and 0.66 for china clay similarly correlation for feldspar is 0.49, 0.73 and 0.83 for triaxial body it are 0.97, 0.84 and 0.75 for A1, A2 and A3 samples. Correlation between china clay and feldspar with triaxial body are 0.79 and 0.92 respectively.
ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF UNCERTAINTY IN HV MEASUREMENT OF PORCELAIN INSULATORS – A CASE STUDY
Authors: CHOUDHARY RAHUL RAJ , BHARDWAJ POOJA , DAYAMA RAVINDRA
Published: May 2013

The improved safety margins in complex systems have attained prime importance in the modern scientific environment. The analysis and implementation of complex systems demands the well quantified accuracy and capability of measurements. Careful measurement with properly identified and quantified uncertainties could lead to the actual discovery which further may contribute for social developments. Unfortunately most scientists and students are passively taught to ignore the possibility of definition problems in the field of measurement and are often source of great arguments. Identifying this issue, ISO has initiated the standardisation of methodologies but its Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) has yet to be adapted seriously in tertiary education institutions for understanding the concept of uncertainty. The paper has been focused for understanding the concepts of measurement and uncertainty. Further a case study for calculation and quantification of UOM for high voltage electrical testing of ceramic insulators has been explained.
INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN VANADATE BASED GLASSES
Authors: BARDE R. V. , WAGHULEY S. A.
Published: May 2013

The binary glassy systems 60V2O5-(40-x)P2O5 –xB2O3 were prepared by melt quenching technique. The mole of B2O3 was varies from 5 to 20 mol % with constant mol % of V2O5 during preparation of glass samples. The dc electrical conductivity of samples was measured in temperature range 303-473 K and found to be higher for sample 60 V2O5-20P2O5 –20B2O3 . Using the Arrhenius equation of conductivity, the activation energy of conduction is estimated. The conduction in these glasses is takes place by phonon-assisted hopping between the localized states.
MIXED ALKALI EFFECT IN (40-x)K2O–xLi2O-10Na2O–50B2O3 GLASSES—PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL ABSORPTION STUDIES
Authors: SAMEE M. A. , AHMMAD SHAIKH KAREEM , TAQIULLAH SAIR. MD. , EDUKONDALU A. , BALE SHASHIDHAR , RAHMAN SYED
Published: May 2013

So far only a handful of publications have been concerned with the study of the mixed alkali effect in borate glasses containing three types of alkali ions. In the present work, the mixed alkali effect (MAE) has been investigated in the glass system (40–x) K2O–x Li2O –10Na2O–50B2O3. (0≤x≤40 mol%) through density and modulated DSC studies. The density and glass transition temperature of the present glasses varies non-linearly exhibiting mixed alkali effect. We report the mixed alkali effect in the present glasses through optical properties. From the absorption edge studies, the various values of optical band gap (Eo) and Urbach energy (ΔE) have been evaluated. The values of Eo and ΔE show non-linear behavior with compositional parameter showing the mixed alkali effect. The band gap energy based average electronic polarizability of oxide ions αO2–(Eo) , optical basicity A(Eo) , and Yamashita–Kurosawa’s interaction parameter A(Eo) have been examined to check the correlations among them and bonding character. Based on good correlation among electronic polarizability of oxide ions, optical basicity and interaction parameter, the present K2O– Li2O–Na2O–B2O3 glasses are classified as normal ionic (basic) oxides.
PHOTOCATALYTIC AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TITANIUM, FLUORINE AND SILVER CO-SUBSTITUTED HYDROXYAPATITE
Authors: SANDHYARANI M. , RAMESHBABU N. , VENKATESWARLU K. , RAVISANKAR K. V. , ASHOK M. , ANANDAN S.
Published: May 2013

Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), an analogue of the mineral component of bone tissue has been widely used in medicine as bone replacing material. To impart specific properties, HA can be chemically modified by anionic and cationic substitutions during synthesis. Thus the present study was focused in synthesizing nanocrystalline Ti , Ag and F co-substituted HA by microwave synthesis. The prepared powders were characterized by XRD and FTIR for their crystal size, cystallinity and functional groups respectively. XRD spectra reveal that crystal size of prepared powders was in the range of 21–25 nm in as synthesized condition and 45–51 nm in 900 ˚C heat-treated condition. Complete decomposition of HA to tri calcium phosphate was observed for Ti substituted HA powder after heat-treatment. Addition of F improved the thermal stability of Ti substituted HA as indicated by predominant phase of HA after heat-treatment. The photocatalytic activity of co-substituted HA powders was examined by degradation of methylene blue (5 × 10−5 M concentration) under visible light irradiation and the results were compared with pure HA . The degradation efficiency of co-substituted HA with respect to methylene blue was twice as high as that of pure HA. Ti and Ag has improved the visible light photocatalytic activity of HA, further F co-substitution has not affected the photocatalytic activity of substituted HA. The antibacterial effect of prepared powders was observed against 1 × 105 cells/mL of Escherichia coli using spread plate method at 24 h incubation period. Ag co-substituted HA showed complete inhibition of growth of Escherichia coli. Thus, among Ti , Ti-F , Ti-F-Ag substituted HA powders, Ti-F-Ag co-substituted HA with excellent visible light photocatalytic activity and anti-bacterial property is expected to be a potential candidate for biomedical applications.
SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPY OF SOME QUATERNARY OXYFLUORIDE GLASSES DOPPED WITH COPPER
Authors: SRINIVASU CH. , SAMI M. A. , EDUKONDALU A. , RAHMAN SYED
Published: May 2013

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption spectra of copper ions in xLiF-(50-x)Li2O-20SrO-30Bi2O3 glass system have been studied. MDSC studies showed that the glass transition temperature decreases with LiF content. Optical absorption spectra of the pure glasses reveled that the cut off wave length increased and optical band gap energy decreased with increase in LiF content. EPR spectra of all the glass samples exhibit resonance signals characteristic of Cu2+ ions. The Cu2+ ions are in well-defined axial sites but subjected to small distortion leading to the broadening of the spectra. The spin-Hamiltonian parameter values indicate that the ground state of Cu2+ is d x2 y2 and the site symmetry around Cu2+ ions is tetragonally distorted octahedral. The optical absorption spectra exhibited a broad band corresponding to the d-d transition bands of Cu2+ ion. By correlating EPR and optical absorption data, the bond parameters are evaluated from various techniques.
STUDY OF ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA OF LEAD BOROVANDATE GLASSES CONTAINING MoO3 CONTENT
Authors: SANJAY  , KISHORE N. , AGARWAL A. , PAL I. , DAHIYA S.
Published: May 2013

The oxide glasses MoO3-PbO-B2O3:V2O5 have been investigated by the standard melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of studied glasses is ascertained by X- ray diffraction patterns. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of these glasses has been studied. The hyperfine coupling parameter (P) decreases with an increase in MoO3 content. The increase in the value of the Fermi contact interaction term (K) with an increase in MoO3 content is due to an increase in the tetragonality of the V4+O6 complex.
PHYSICAL, ABSORPTION AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTRAL STUDIES OF Pr3+ IONS DOPED LITHIUM BISMUTH BORATE GLASSES
Authors: BHATIA BEENA , PARIHAR VISHAL
Published: May 2013

Glasses of the system: xB2O3-10Bi2O3-30Li2O-xPr6O11 where x =1, 1.5 and 2 were prepared by melt quenching technique. Optical absorption and emission spectra have been recorded. The intensities of f-f transition are calculated in term of Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4 and 6). Using the fluorescence data and these Ωλ parameters, various radiative properties like transition probability (Arad), branching ratio (βR), radiative lifetime (τR), and stimulated emission cross section (σp), of various emission lines have been evaluated. The branching ratio for 3P0→3H4 transition is 56% and the predicted spontaneous radiative transition probability rates are fairly high 16411 s−1. This is beneficial for lasing emission.
SINGLE STEP SINTERED CALCIUM PHOSPHATE FIBERS FROM AVIAN EGG SHELL
Authors: DADHICH PRABHASH , DAS BODHISATWA , DHARA SANTANU
Published: May 2013

Different forms of calcium-phosphate (Hydoxyapatite, α-TCP, β-TCP, CDHA) minerals are found to be major component of bone tissue. Development of calcium-phosphate (CaP) based fibrous microstructures is of significant research interest worldwide owing to its improved mechanical properties and higher interconnectivity. Here we represent a method for single step sintered wet-spun Fibers of calcium phosphate from avian egg shells for biomedical applications.

Raw egg shell powder was mixed with chitosan solution and Phosphoric acid. The mixture is milled in a ball mill overnight and then filtered. The slurry was de-aired using 100 microliter 1-octanol per 100 ml of slurry as antifoaming and wet spun in coagulation bath. Fiber was dried overnight and sintered at different temperatures for microstructure and phase analysis. Both green and sintered Fibers were physico-chemical characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, TGA, DSC, FTIR, and stereo-zoom microscopy. The fibers obtained in this procedure are found to have highly porous interconnected structures which can provide good cell adhesion and therefore can be used for bioactive scaffold making.
EFFECT OF ALUMINIUM IONS ON COVALENT BEHAVIOUR OF Li2CO3-B2O3 GLASSES
Authors: PAL SINGH GURINDER , KAUR PARVINDER , KAUR SIMRANPREET , ARORA DEEPA WALI , SHARMA MOHANDEEP , SINGH D. P.
Published: May 2013

The paper undertakes the preparation of Aluminium oxide doped Lithium borate glasses and characterizes to investigate the physical and optical studies of these glasses using density and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Results had been obtained with the help of FTIR Spectra in our previous work which indicate that Al2O3 acts as a network modifier by converting three coordinated boron atoms [ BO3 ] to four coordinated boron atoms [ BO4 ]. The effect of aluminium content on the optical properties of the present glass system has been studied from the optical absorption spectra. It shows the shifting of the band edge towards the higher wavelength and that there is corresponding decrease in the band gap, which is due to the conversion of BO3 to BO4 units. The evaluation of the compact structure of prepared glass samples with the presence of [ BO4 ] groups has been made in terms of the physical properties such as density and molar volume. It is also confirmed by average boron-boron separation results. The research findings confirm that the addition of Aluminium oxide increases the covalent value and corresponding decrease in ionicity behaviour.
STUDY OF GLASS TRANSITION KINETICS FOR Co66Si12B16Fe4Mo2 METALLIC GLASS
Authors: PATEL ASHMI T. , PRATAP ARUN
Published: May 2013

Metallic glasses have received considerable attention in comparison to normal metallic materials due to their superior physical, mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Understanding the glass transition kinetics of metallic alloys is of great importance in order to know its thermal stability. In the present paper, kinetics of glass transition of metallic glass Co66Si12B16Fe4Mo2 is studied using thermal analysis technique, i.e. differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), by non-isothermal heating of the sample at four different heating rates. The activation energy (E) of the glass transition region is determined by two most frequently used methods, namely, Moynihan’s method and Kissinger’s equation. The fragility index, m is also calculated using Tg, which is a measure of glass forming ability of the given system. The results show that the fragility index ‘m’ of the given system falls below 16. This clearly indicates that the given system is strong liquid with excellent glass forming ability (GFA).
STUDY OF GLASS FORMING ABILITY PARAMETERS OF Mg-Ni-Pr-BASED METALLIC GLASSES
Authors: PRAJAPATI SONAL R. , PATEL ASHMI T. , PRATAP ARUN
Published: May 2013

Knowledge of Glass forming Ability (GFA) of metallic glasses is of great importance as it gives an insight of a better Glass former. Number of GFA parameters like Gibb’s free energy difference ∆G, ∆S, ∆H, η, γ, γm, Q, Trg (=Tg/Tl) etc. are calculated and compared for Mg-Ni-Pr- based metallic glass forming alloys to predict which parameter describes the best GFA criterion. On the basis of these parameters the excellent glass forming composition is identified. Also the GFA parameters of Mg-Ni-Pr- based alloys are studied in air and argon atmosphere. Present work suggests that ∆G is the best GFA criterion and Mg-Ni-Pr- based metallic glassy alloys can be successfully fabricated in air due to its high oxidation resistance ability.
OPTICAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF THE COBALT DOPED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES
Authors: MANGROLA M. H. , JOSHI V. G. , PARMAR B. H. , PILLAI A. S.
Published: May 2013

Cobalt doped Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) were synthesized by a standard solid-state reaction method. The dielectric constant and loss have been measured as a function of frequency (100 Hz-1 KHz) and temperature (50°C to 300°C). Similar behavior is observed between dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Both dielectric constant and dielectric loss are found to decrease with increasing frequency. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were taken at different excitation wavelength. PL emission spectra shows a broad spectra in the range 400 nm to 500 nm.
DIELECTRIC AND OPTICAL BEHAVIOR OF STRONTIUM DOPED TiO2 SYNTHESIZED BY SOLID STATE REACTION METHOD
Authors: MANGROLA M. H. , JOSHI V. G. , PARMAR B. H. , PILLAI A. S.
Published: May 2013

In the present study, Strontium doped Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) were synthesized by standard solid-state reaction technique. The dielectric property of the synthesized samples has been studied in the present work. The dielectric constant and loss have been measured as a function of frequency (100 Hz-1 KHz) and temperature (50°C to 300°C). Strontium doped TiO2 shows interesting optical properties promising a variety of optical applications. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra was obtained at different excitation wavelength. PL emission spectra show that positions of PL peaks gradually shifts towards the violet region with increase of Sr ion dosage from 3% to 5%. The results are discussed in details.
OPTICAL ABSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF Co (II) ION DOPED PVA ASSISTED CdSe NANOPARTICLES
Authors: RAVINDRANADH K. , RAVIKUMAR R. V. S. S. N. , RAO M. C.
Published: May 2013

CdSe is an important II-VI, n-type direct band gap semiconductor with wide band gap (bulk band gap of 2.6 eV) and an attractive host for the development of doped nanoparticles. Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a capping agent to stabilize the CdSe nanoparticles. The optical properties of Co (II) ion doped PVA capped CdSe nanoparticles grown at room temperature are studied in the wavelength region of 200-1400 nm. The spectrum of Co (II) ion doped PVA capped CdSe nanoparticles exhibit five bands at 1185, 620, 602, 548 and 465 nm (8437, 16125, 16607, 18243 and 21499 cm-1). The bands observed at 1185, 548 and 465 nm are correspond to the three spin allowed transitions 4T1g (F) → 4T2g (F), 4T1g (F) → 4A2g (F) and 4T1g (F) → 4T1g (P) respectively. The other bands observed at 602 nm and 620 nm are assigned to spin forbidden transitions 4T1g (F) → 2T2g (G), 4T1g (F) → 2T1g (G) . The small value of the Urbach energy indicates greater stability of the prepared sample.
STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF LaCo1-xNixO3
Authors: KUMAR VINOD , KUMAR RAJESH , KUMAR RAVI
Published: May 2013

We investigated the effect of Ni doping on the structural and electrical properties of LaCoO3 . Single phase LaCo1-xNixO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) were synthesized using solid state reaction method. Space group, lattice constants and atomic positions were determined by Rietveld refinement of powder diffraction data. The unit cell parameters found to increase with Ni doping. Four-probe direct current conductivity measurements were also carried out to investigate transport behavior of compounds. Samples were found to exhibit temperature dependent semiconducting behavior. The drastic improvement of the room-temperature conductivity of doped samples with respect to the pure compound has been observed and explained in terms of decrease in band gap. The transport mechanism in different regions of temperature has been investigated by fitting Arrhenius and variable range hopping (VRH) models.
STRUCTURAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF MgAl2-2xY2xO4 NANOPARTICLES
Authors: SAMKARIA ROHAN , SHARMA VIMAL
Published: May 2013

A series of Nano MgAl2-2xY2xO4 (x = 0.00, 0.07 & 0.10) was prepared by chemical co-precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that a secondary phase appears at x = 0.10 along with the spinel phase. The broad peaks in the XRD pattern and particle size analysis by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed nanocrystalline nature of the samples. Room temperature dielectric response as a function of frequency (1 kHz to 1MHz) shows that dielectric constant loss tangent and ac conductivity decreases with increase in yttrium content. The variation of dielectric constant as a function of frequency indicates the dielectric dispersion due to Maxwell-Wagner Polarization. The variation of AC conductivity with frequency suggests the conduction mechanism due to small polaron hopping.
THERMOLUMINESCENCE RESPONSE OF GAMMA IRRADIATED SrAl2O4:Eu2+/Dy3+ NANOPHOSPHOR
Authors: BEDYAL A. K. , KUMAR VINAY , LOCHAB S. P. , SINGH FOURAN , NTWAEABORWA O. M. , SWART H. C.
Published: May 2013

In this paper, we report on the thermoluminescence response of nanocrystalline co-doped alkaline earth aluminates synthesized by combustion method using metal nitrate as precursor and urea as fuel. A broad TL glow peak was observed at 367 K with a shoulder at 400K. TL Anal program has been used for GCD curve fitting. The Kinetic parameters like, the activation energy (Eα), the frequency factor (s) and the order of kinetics were calculated for the SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ nanophosphors. The best dopants combination was Eu (1 mol%) and Dy (2 mol%). The samples were irradiated with γ-dose in the range 20Gy–800Gy, at room temperature. A shift from 367 K to 376 K was also observed in the main peak with an increase in irradiation dose which suggest that the irradiation doses affect the distributions of traps produced by the gamma-ray irradiations. Kinetic parameters also suggest that TL glow curve in SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ nanophosphors is obeying second order kinetics. The nanophosphors show linear response with dose.
EPR AND MIXED IONIC-ELECTRONIC CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES OF PURE AND COPPER DOPED LAYERED LITHIUM SODIUM TITANATE (LiNa)Ti3O7
Authors: PAL DHARMENDRA , ABDI SHAHANSHAH HAIDER , TRIPATHI GHANSHYAM , MAURYA VIRENDRA KUMAR , KHAN SAGIR AHMED , YADAV JITENDRA KUMAR , SACHAN KAPIL
Published: May 2013

Sodium (50%) mixed layered Li2Ti3O7 and its 0.01, 0.05 & 1.0 molar percentage CuO doped derivatives have been prepared through high temperature solid state reaction and characterized through X- ray diffractometer, d.c. conductivity in the temperature range 373–700K and room temperature EPR investigation. Room temperature X-ray diffratograms confirm the phase evolution. Room temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data show that Cu2+ occupies Ti4+ lattice sites giving rise to electric dipoles which increases electric permittivity. The absorption peak in EPR spectra gets broadened due to increased exchange interaction in heavily doped derivatives. Four distinct regions have been identified in the Ln(σT) versus 1000/T plots. Various electrical conduction mechanisms have involved during the whole temperature range of study
CARBON DIOXIDE GAS SENSING APPLICATION OF GRAPHENE/Y2O3 QUANTUM DOTS COMPOSITE
Authors: NEMADE K. R. , WAGHULEY S. A.
Published: May 2013

Graphene/Y2O3 quantum dots (QDs) composite was investigated towards the carbon dioxide (CO2) gas at room temperature. Graphene synthesized by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. The composite prepared by mixing 20-wt% graphene into the 1 g Y2O3 in organic medium (acetone). The chemiresistor of composite prepared by screen-printing on glass substrate. The optimum value of sensing response (1.08) was showed by 20-wt% graphene/Y2O3 QDs composite. The excellent stability with optimum sensing response evidenced for the composite. The gas sensing mechanism discussed on the basis of electron transfer reaction.
SPECIFIC HEAT OF Tb0.5Sr0.5CoO3 CERAMICS
Authors: THAKUR RASNA , THAKUR RAJESH K. , GAUR N. K.
Published: May 2013

We have investigated the thermal and allied properties of Tb0.5Sr0.5CoO3 for the temperature range 1K≤T≤300K using the Modified Rigid Ion Model (MRIM). The calculated bulk modulus, specific heat, and other thermodynamic properties obtained from MRIM have presented proper interpretation of the experimental data, for Sr ions doped TbCoO3 . In addition, the results on the cohesive energy (φ), Debye temperature (θD) and Gruneisen parameter (γ) are also discussed.
THERMO LUMINESCENCE STUDY OF SrB4O7: Cu PHOSPHOR PREPARED BY COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS
Authors: BAJAJ N. S. , OMANWAR S. K.
Published: May 2013

The polycrystalline sample of SrB4O7 doped with copper was prepared by employing the combustion synthesis and studied for its thermo luminescence properties when exposed to Gamma-rays. The Kinetic parameters were calculated using peak shape method. The effect of dose Variation and concentration of copper on SrB4O7 phosphor were also studied.
SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF ERBIUM IONS DOPED IN BISMUTH BORO-SILICATE GLASSES
Authors: BHARDWAJ SUNIL , SHUKLA RAJNI , SANGHI SUJATA , AGARWAL ASHISH , PAL INDER
Published: May 2013

Glasses with composition 20B2O3.(79.5-x)Bi2O3.xSiO2 (10 ≤ x ≤ 40) containing 0.5mol% of Er3+ ions were prepared by melt-quench technique. Optical absorption and fluorescence spectra were recorded at room temperature for all glass samples. Based on the Judd-Offelt theory, spectroscopic properties of Er3+ ions are discussed by changing the host glass compositions. The intensity parameters Ω2 , Ω4 , and Ω6 are determined by applying least square analysis method. The variation of Ω2 and Ω6 with Bi2O3 content has been attributed to changes in the asymmetry of the ligand field at the rare earth ion site and to the changes in the rare earth oxygen (RE-O) covalency. The variation of Ω4 with Bi2O3 content has been attributed to rigidity of the samples. Using these intensity parameters various radiative properties like spontaneous emission probability, branching ratio, radiative life time and stimulated emission cross-section of various emission lines have been evaluated. An intense green luminescence bands with maximum around 516 nm and 536 nm are assigned to the 2H11/2→ 4I15/2 and 4S3/2→ 4I15/2 transitions respectively has been obtained.
OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF TERNARY COMPLEX OF PRASEODYMIUM IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT
Authors: GUPTA ANUP KUMAR , UJJWAL SHRI KISHAN
Published: May 2013

The optical absorption spectra of complex of Praseodymium in different solvents i.e water, Methanol, Ethanol & Acetic Acid have been recorded in visible region (360-620 nm for Pr3+ ) using amino acid as primary ligand and diol as secondary ligand. The value of energies & intensities of various transitions have been calculated using Judd-Ofelt relation is in good agreement with experimental result. The study of complex found it to be covalent in nature. The spectra in visible region have been recorded on model uv-2601 Rayleigh analytical instrument corp.
ELECTRICAL AND PHOTOELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF A-Ge20Te80-xBix (x = 0, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0) THIN FILMS
Authors: SHARMA AMBIKA , ANSHU KUMARI , YADAV PREETI
Published: May 2013

Bulk samples of Te-rich Ge20Te80-xBix (x = 0, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0) glassy alloys are prepared by melt quenching technique. The thin films of the bulk samples are deposited by using vacuum evaporation technique for their electrical and photoelectrical measurements. Keithley 6487 picoammeter has been used to study the electrical and photoelectrical characteristics of Ge20Te80-XBix thin films kept in vacuum. Temperature dependent dark and photoconductivity is studied in the temperature range 300-360 K and voltage V = 80V. Photoconductivity with intensity at room temperature follows a power law where power γ lies near to 0.5, suggesting that the recombination is bimolecular in nature. The density of defect states and photosensitivity are found to follow an opposite trend with each other. The differential life time is determined from the rise and decay of photocurrent w.r.t. time. The dispersion parameter and localized state distribution parameter are estimated from decay curves and reported for the studied composition.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PURE AND Zn-DOPED SnO2 NANOPOWDERS
Authors: GUPTA PARUL , VYAS RISHI , CHOUDHARY B. L. , SACHDEV K. , PATIL D. S. , SHARMA S. K.
Published: May 2013

Pure and 4.5 wt% Zn- doped SnO2 nanopowders were synthesized by sol-gel method. These nanopowders were characterized by X- ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, I-V measurements and R-T measurements. XRD results confirmed the formation of tetragonal rutile type SnO2 with the average crystallite size of 14 ± 1 nm which decreased to 9 ± 1 nm with 4.5 wt% Zn addition. Increase in band gap is observed from UV-Vis spectroscopy. Electrical characterizations revealed increase in resistivity with Zn addition. Temperature dependent resistance measurement showed that both the pure and the Zn- doped samples are suitable for gas sensing applications. A detailed study of these synthesized nanostructured samples is presented and discussed in the paper.
THERMO GRAVIMETRIC AND DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS OF CLAY OF WESTERN RAJASTHAN (INDIA)
Authors: SHEKHAWAT M. S.
Published: May 2013

The paper presents the study of thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis of blended clay. Western part of Rajasthan (India) is rich resource of Ball clays and it is mainly used by porcelain, sanitary ware, and tile industry. The quality and grade of clay available in the region vary from one deposit to other. To upgrade the fired colour and strength properties, different variety of clays may be blended together. The paper compares the results of thermal analysis one of blended clay B2 with reference clay of Ukraine which is imported by industries owners. The result revealed that the blended clay is having mineral kaolinite while the Ukrainian clay is Halloysite.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF NANOCRYSTALLINE Ca FERRITE
Authors: SAMARIYA ARVIND , PAREEK S. P. , SHARMA P. K. , PRASAD ARUN S. , DHAWAN M. S. , DOLIA S. N. , SHARMA K. B.
Published: May 2013

Dielectric behaviour of Nanocrystalline CaFe2O4 ferrite synthesized by advanced sol- gel method has been investigated as a function of frequency at different temperatures. Rietveld profile refinement of the XRD pattern confirms formation of cubic spinel structure of the specimen.The dispersion in dielectric behavior of CaFe2O4 ferrite sample has been observed in the temperature range of 100-250˚C as a function of frequency in the range 75 kHz to 10 MHz Both the real value of dielectric constant (ɛ′) and the dielectric loss factor (tanδ) decrease with frequency. This decrease in the values of ɛ′ and tanδ could be explained on the basis of available ferrous, i.e. Fe2+ , ions on octahedral sites such that beyond a certain frequency of applied electric field the electronic exchange between the ferrous and ferric ions i.e. Fe2+↔Fe3+ cannot follow the applied alternating electric field.