bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Relationship Between Specific Domain, Intensity, and Dose of Physical Activity and Biological Age: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Huang Jundan , Zhou Shuhan , Li Xiaoyang , Zhao Yinan , Feng Hui , Hu Mingyue
Published: November 2024

Existing studies have separately explored the association between specific intensity and domain of physical activity (PA) and biological age (BA), potentially impeding more precise guide. We used data of 5216 middle-aged and older adults aged 45 and over to explore and compare the relationship of different domains, intensities, and doses of PA and BA. Transport-related walking and leisure-time moderate-intensity PA (MPA) were significantly associated with younger BA, rather than other intensity of work-related PA. There were U-shaped dose-response relationships between transport-related BA or leisure-time MPA and BA. In subgroup analyses for older adults, all intensities of PA were significantly associated with decreased BA. These findings highlighted the importance of considering the domain, intensity, and dose of PA in designing effective age-delaying interventions.
Association Between Workplace Violence and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Healthcare Workers in China, 2020 to 2023
Authors: Dai Xiu , He Zhehao , Chu Xiangyuan , Lei Qiuhui , Wang Jinyong , Chen Weihang , Wen Jing , Liu Jun , Wang Zhizhong , Shi Xiuquan
Published: November 2024

This is the first study in China to investigate the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) and its long-term association with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among healthcare workers. Conducted across various time points from March 27, 2020, to April 10, 2023, the research employed a four-wave repeated cross-sectional design involving 14,993 healthcare workers from 32 provincial administrative regions across the country. Nurses accounted for 34.3% of the sample, while doctors accounted for 65.7% of the sample, with a higher concentration in western China. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors for WPV, and hierarchical logistic regression models were used to examine the association between PTSD and WPV. The findings revealed that 71.4% of healthcare workers reported experiencing or witnessing WPV, with nearly half (47.5%) indicating exposure to violent incidents within the past year. Further analysis revealed significant associations between WPV incidence and various factors, including age, gender, work experience, work setting, and a history of contact with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients (the odds ratio [OR] of these influencing factors ranged from 1.10 to 2.03. All the p-values were less than .05). 28.5% of healthcare workers displayed symptoms of PTSD, with WPV identified as a major risk factor contributing to these symptoms (lifetime WPV: OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.47–1.76]; 1-year WPV: OR = 1.75 [1.61–1.90]). Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize the mental health of healthcare workers and implement effective measures to prevent and mitigate WPV, ensuring their physical and psychological well-being as well as occupational safety.
The paradox of knowledge hiding among academics: Implications for intellectual capital-driven knowledge transfer
Authors: Restrepo-Gil David , Suárez-Castellanos Óscar , Arias-Pérez José
Published: November 2024

This study analyzes the moderating effect of knowledge hiding (evasive hiding, playing dumb, and rationalized hiding) on the relationship between intellectual capital and knowledge transfer from universities to their surroundings. Previous research focused only on intra-university aspects like students’ performance and academic processes (teaching or research). Using structural equations modeling and survey data collected from 442 university research groups at the end of 2020 and early 2021, the findings revealed no negative influence of knowledge hiding. However, evasive hiding showed a significant and positive moderating effect. Contrary to the prevailing view that knowledge hiding hinders academic processes, this study shows that it is expected in both commercial and non-commercial contexts of knowledge transfer. Surprisingly, evasive hiding increases knowledge flow from universities by encouraging the affected researchers’ self-learning and resourcefulness.
Size-dependent transient thermal stress analysis of a rotating thin and moderately thick porous FGM microblade under cooling thermal shock
Authors: Pandey Shashank
Published: November 2024

The present work focuses on the development of a simple finite element formulation for the size-dependent transient thermal stress analysis of a rotating moderately thick and thin porous FGM microblade subjected to cooling thermal shock. The upper and lower layers of the FGM microblade are made of SUS304 stainless steel and AISI 1020 carbon steel, respectively. A cooling thermal shock is applied on the upper metallic surface of the FGM microblade, however, the lower ceramic surface of the same is held constant at room temperature. First-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in conjunction with von Karman-type nonlinearity is used in the development of the finite element formulation. The governing differential equation for the present analysis is obtained using the total Lagrangian formulation in conjunction with the modified coupled stress theory (MCST). Modified Newton–Raphson in conjunction with the Newmark average acceleration method is used to obtain the transient displacements of the porous FGM pretwisted rotating microblade. Further, the transient thermal stresses are obtained from the stress-strain relationship. The results obtained from the present finite element formulation are first compared with the available benchmark for a wide range of parameters. New results are presented to investigate the effect of rotational velocity, intensity of the thermal shock, material scale ratio, porosity, volume fraction index and FGM configuration on the transient thermal stress analysis of a rotating moderately thick and thin SUS304/AISI 1020 porous FGM rotating microblade under cooling thermal shock.
Uncommon Yet Critical: A Case Report of Bilateral Haemorrhagic Thalamic Infarction in a Febrile Infant
Authors: Ebinesh A  , Ashta Aanchal , Krishna Ganesh , Pradhan Gaurav Shanker , Saxena Swarna , Saifi Alfa Shamim
Published: November 2024

Background:

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare form of stroke in infants and young children, with multifactorial causation and a poor prognosis. Bilateral haemorrhagic thalamic infarction secondary to deep CVT is an extremely rare presentation.

Case report:

We report the case of a 12-month-old infant with bilateral haemorrhagic thalamic infarction secondary to deep CVT, presenting with fever and seizures. The infant was initially diagnosed with acute meningoencephalitis of viral aetiology and treated accordingly. However, the patient had a sudden clinical deterioration. Neuroimaging revealed deep CVT with bilateral haemorrhagic thalamic infarction. Anticoagulant therapy in conjunction with physiotherapy was initiated and the infant gradually improved and was discharged.

Conclusion:

CVT is a rare form of stroke in infants and young children, with multifactorial causation and poor prognosis. Our case highlights the importance of careful evaluation of cerebral venous drainage on routine neuroimaging in infants with fever and seizures, especially in those who do not respond to standard treatment for meningoencephalitis.

Synopsis:

Here we report a unique and challenging case of deep cerebral venous thrombosis with haemorrhagic infarction of bilateral thalami mimicking viral encephalitis in an infant with acute febrile encephalopathy.
Data Journalism and Journalism Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Serwornoo Michael Yao Wodui , Danso Samuel , Azanu Benedine , Opoku-Mensah Eric
Published: November 2024

The digital era has significantly reshaped journalism, emphasizing the pivotal role of data-driven reporting. This review delves into the nexus of data journalism and journalism education, investigating dominant study characteristics, challenges, and gaps for future research. Examining 41 relevant articles through the Arksey and O’Malley procedure, the findings highlight key impediments to integrating data journalism into curricula: scarcity of technically proficient specialists, resource limitations, absence of concrete methodological approaches, and a reluctance to incorporate mathematical elements into journalism education. This exploration underscores the critical need for overcoming these challenges to foster a seamless integration of data-driven approaches within journalism education.
Similar Age Preference but Different Attentional Control in Mandatory Hospitalized Individuals who Have Committed Sexual Offenses Against Children and Non-hospitalized Individuals With Self-Reported Sexual Interest in Children
Authors: Jordan Kirsten , Müller Isabel , Fromberger Peter , Dobrunz Uwe , Franz Ute , Müller Jürgen Leo
Published: November 2024

Thirty-two forensic persons who have committed sexual offenses against children (FP-SOC), 26 non-forensic persons of whom most have committed sexual offenses against children (NFP-SOC), 14 forensic persons who have not committed sexual offenses against children but have committed other offenses (FP-NSOC), and 53 non-forensic persons who have not committed sexual offenses against children (NFP-NSOC) were instructed to solve a cognitive task, while sexual distractors were presented simultaneously. Behavioral performance and eye movements were measured. FP-SOC and NFP-SOC exhibit same age preference patterns for children and adults, but both groups differ significantly with respect to sexual attentional control. Moderate discrimination accuracy and moderate effect sizes resulted for sexual interest, and good discrimination accuracy and large effect sizes were found for attentional control. Good attentional control in the NFP-SOC, probably reflecting superior sexual self-control and self-regulation abilities, might contribute to a better recognition and control of environmental factors in sexual risk situations, preventing them from being detected and convicted. Otherwise, strong cognitive distortions might serve for them as offense justification. We conclude that those non-forensic persons with sexual offense histories against children (NFP-SOC) with sexual interest in children, good attentional self-control and strong cognitive distortions represent a problematic group which should receive more attention regarding further research but also therapy. Future studies should include more suitable and larger control groups, appropriate instruments to measure independent variables, and investigate whether different classifications of pedophilic interest would be better suited to describe the eye movement patterns of our study participants.
Response of a thin coating of a porous elastic material whose generalised Young’s modulus depends on the density
Authors: Erbaş Barış , Itskov Mikhail , Kaplunov Julius , Rajagopal Kumbakonam R
Published: November 2024

Mechanics of a thin elastic coating is analysed using nonlinear constitutive relations based on the concept of a density-dependent Young’s modulus. In contrast to previous considerations on the subject, the proposed framework does not assume weak nonlinearity. Two-term asymptotic expansions are derived for four setups of boundary conditions along the upper face of the coating; in doing so, the lower face is supposed to be clamped. Explicit approximate formulae obtained in the paper have the potential to be implemented in diverse industrial applications related to thin porous coatings.
Using co-designed smartphone apps to cultivate authentic communication and disaster risk resilience in multi-cultural communities
Authors: Krikowa Natalie , Delmo Kate , McDonald Melinda , Millar Jeffrey
Published: November 2024

This article and research was first inspired by fire personnel attending emergencies that could have easily been avoided if the people living in the dwellings had been able to better understand fire hazards and safety preparedness. In response to this, we explore how smartphone technology can be used to empower culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) communities to enhance their disaster risk resilience. It presents the findings of a collaborative research project between Fire and Rescue NSW (FRNSW), a leading state emergency agency in Australia, and researchers from the University of Technology Sydney. The project, funded by the NSW Reconstruction Authority in partnership with the NSW and Australian Governments, addresses the pressing need for cultural competence within emergency and disaster response agencies to mitigate risks and bolster resilience among non-English speaking community members in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Australia's increasingly diverse population, with nearly 30% born overseas, underscores the necessity for further investigation into the preparedness and empowerment 1 of multi-cultural communities in responding to emergencies and disasters. The article focuses on the development of a proof-of-concept smartphone app prototype Ready, Set, Go! that is aimed at empowering our culturally diverse community members. Through a user-centred and co-design approach, the app was collaboratively designed with CaLD community groups, utilising user experience research methodologies. Recognising that a good user experience transcends cultural boundaries, the study integrated cultural fluency into the design process, emphasising the active participation of CaLD community members as key stakeholders in the design process. This article discusses key findings and considerations around co-design and inclusive practices that elicit learning from lived experiences, the importance of personalising the app experience for optimal benefit of CaLD users, and how focusing on visuals, utilising gamification and simplifying language ensures greater accessibility. This research contributes to the existing literature by addressing the question of how to design a disaster risk resilience smartphone app that is accessible and usable for CaLD communities. By emphasising the role of digital technologies in fostering authentic and critical communication between government agencies and diverse community members, this study endeavours to empower CaLD communities in disaster risk resilience, making strides towards a more inclusive and culturally responsive approach to disaster preparedness.
War and peace in the age of AI
Authors: Sticher Valerie
Published: November 2024

As artificial intelligence evolves from predefined narrow applications to more capable general-purpose models, there is growing interest in how this technology affects international security. While most research focuses on the military realm, this reflective essay explores the broader implications of artificial intelligence for international security. It presents three main arguments: (1) the debate over whether we are experiencing an artificial intelligence revolution or just hype distracts from the more subtle but profound transformation already underway; (2) despite the current emphasis on artificial intelligence’s role in spreading disinformation, decision-makers will ultimately gain better and more relevant information about the intentions and actions of their adversaries; and (3) this fundamentally alters the dynamics of interactions within the international system, which are shaped by uncertainties. The essay concludes by posing open questions and proposing a research agenda for international relations scholars.
Simulation of spatially varying non-stationary seismic waves using random frequencies and non-uniform fast fourier transform
Authors: Xing Chenxi , Tao Tianyou , Liu Yaodong , Wang Hao
Published: November 2024

The simulation of spatially varying non-stationary seismic waves is a crucial consideration for the seismic analysis of engineering structures. The traditional approach often incurs substantial computational expenses and suffers from low efficiency due to the extensive implementation of large-scale matrix factorizations at numerous sampling points in both time and frequency domains. In this study, an enhanced approach is developed for the efficient simulation of non-stationary seismic waves. The core of this approach lies in the utilization of random frequency sampling coupled with time-domain interpolation to reduce matrix factorizations, and non-uniform fast Fourier transform for expediting the summation of trigonometric functions. A parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of vital parameters, including the decoupling strategy of time-frequency spectrum, the number of random frequencies, and the number of interpolation knots over time, on both the efficiency and accuracy of the enhanced approach. Consequently, the preferred values for these parameters are determined. By considering the simulation of seismic waves acting on a group of bridges, the enhanced approach is validated in the view of correlation functions. The results demonstrate a high level of fidelity of the simulated seismic waves and proves the effectiveness of the enhanced approach in the efficient simulation of spatially varying non-stationary earthquake ground motions. The developed approach can be used for the simulation of non-stationary seismic waves for a wide range of engineering structures.
Participation of persons living with dementia in research: A means to address epistemic injustice
Authors: Halonen Ulla , Aaltonen Mari , Aerschot Lina Van , Pirhonen Jari
Published: November 2024

Epistemic injustice refers to wronging or mistreating individuals in terms of their capacity as knowers, based on prejudices or negative attitudes. Excluding people with dementia from research is a form of epistemic injustice. In this article, we discuss epistemic injustice associated with data collection processes and the participation of people with dementia in scientific research. The challenges of participation that we discuss pertain to the role of gatekeepers and ethical research perspectives. The arguments presented are based on previous research, experiences from our current project, and critical self-assessment regarding the latter. The aim is to shed light on what enables or prevents people living with dementia from participating in research, and how this is connected to epistemic injustice. It is known that prejudices related to dementia affect both researchers and people living with dementia: the former tend to exclude people with dementia, and the latter may practice self-silencing due to dementia-related stigma. In addition to these individual issues, we argue that epistemic injustice occurs at a structural level, where a major role is played by gatekeepers and research ethics panels. As close family members, health officials, and dementia-related associations are the main gatekeepers, their attitudes and perceptions are highlighted. In terms of ethical issues, the concept of informed consent needs to be elaborated. If the research is not expected to harm participants and may contribute to improving the lives of those with dementia, the perspective should be shifted from informed consent to ongoing consent assessment. While acknowledging the features and symptoms of dementia, researchers should be more courageous, trust in the good cause, and enable persons living with dementia to participate in research that concerns them. This is the only way for researchers to genuinely understand the social world, experiences, and needs of those with dementia and to address epistemic injustice.
Analyse des conditions à l’utilisation de l’évaluation réaliste par des équipes de promotion de la santé : résultats d’une étude de cas multiples en région bruxelloise (Belgique)
Authors: Malengreaux Ségolène , Doumont Dominique , Lambert Anne-Sophie , Aujoulat Isabelle
Published: November 2024

Introduction :

L’évaluation réaliste est de plus en plus plébiscitée dans le champ de la promotion de la santé. Pourtant, cette démarche d’évaluation est encore très peu utilisée par, ou même avec, des équipes de terrain, ce qui vient limiter sa portée pour les pratiques de terrain. Notre étude propose d’explorer les conditions favorables à la pratique de l’évaluation réaliste par des équipes de promotion de la santé.

Méthodes :

Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une étude de cas multiples impliquant une chercheuse et quatre équipes de promotion de la santé en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. Des données qualitatives ont été collectées tout au long de l’expérimentation de l’évaluation réaliste de projets de promotion de la santé avec les quatre équipes bruxelloises.

Résultats :

Nos résultats montrent l’intérêt de l’évaluation réaliste pour orienter les pratiques évaluatives des acteurs de terrain vers des pratiques favorables à la réflexivité. Ils montrent aussi les difficultés rencontrées et les ressources sur lesquelles s’appuyer pour les surmonter. Quatre conditions sont ainsi mises en évidence pour mener une évaluation réaliste de manière participative et capacitante.

Conclusion :

Notre étude encourage à envisager de nouveaux repères pour une pratique pragmatique de l’évaluation réaliste dans le champ de la promotion de la santé, axée sur la participation et la capacitation des parties prenantes.
Haptic search asymmetry does not occur due to different-shaped tactile symbols on capsule paper
Authors: Imori Kento , Watanabe Tetsuya
Published: November 2024

Previous research on haptic search using sandpaper with different roughness levels as a target and distractors showed that rough sandpaper among fine “pops out” and can be searched for in a shorter time than when the roles of the target and distractors are reversed. However, it is not clear whether the same search asymmetry occurs with differences in the shapes of tactile symbols on capsule paper. To explore this possibility, we conducted a haptic search experiment using circles with or without a dot on capsule paper as a target and distractors, which are often used as point symbols in tactile maps for the blind. Contrary to our expectations, haptic search asymmetry did not occur between these two tactile symbols. Regardless of target type, the search times increased in proportion to the number of items (distractors plus target), as participants tended to adopt serial search strategy in which they placed their index or middle finger on the tactile symbol to distinguish it every time they found a new one. The ratio of the search times for target-absent to target-present trials is precise alignment with the occurrence rate of repetitive search trials.
Analysis of educational artificial intelligence tools utilized by vocational education lecturers in teaching and learning in public universities in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Eze Angela Ogechi , Onah Bernadine Ifeoma
Published: November 2024

This study sought to analyze the extent of utilization of educational artificial intelligence in teaching and learning in public universities in Enugu State. The sample of the study was 111 lecturers. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The data collected for this study was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while null hypotheses were tested using independent sample t test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study revealed that ChatGPT and Chatbot are most used to carry out educational functions in teaching and learning in public universities in Enugu State; and there is no significant difference in the mean ratings of male and female Vocational Education Lecturers on the extent of utilization of educational artificial intelligence tools in teaching and learning in public universities in Enugu State. It was therefore recommended among others that there should be regular orientation and re-orientation for vocational education lecturers inform of training on the use of educational artificial intelligence tool in teaching and learning.
Flipkart: Struggling in the big billion Indian e-tailing market
Authors: Juneja Kanika , Choudhary Farah S
Published: November 2024

Two of the largest online retail market giants of India, Amazon and Flipkart are the biggest competitors and provide their customers with ample products from different sellers at differentiated prices. This case study aims at understanding the marketing strategy, SWOT analysis, and five-force analysis of both companies and mainly focuses on the position of Flipkart. It emphasizes on the fact that why Flipkart has never managed to earn profits, since its inception in the year 2007. For this purpose, the authors have utilized the already collected and analyzed secondary data. In addition to this, data has been collected from various sources such as newspapers, journals and the internet. It was found that both the companies initiated the sales October 2023, wherein they had neck-to-neck competition and earned huge profits. Despite heavy sales, Flipkart faced huge losses. The company incurred a huge loss of 45% in comparison to its major rival company Amazon. Thus, this case study is valuable for MBA-level students and other related streams for learning industry analysis. It will help them understand e-commerce industries and their functioning at different levels.
A dynamic relationship between discrimination and psychological distress among rural migrant workers in China
Authors: Liu Sizhe , Zhang Keqing , Ren Qiang
Published: November 2024

Using two waves of China Family Panel Studies data, this study examines the dynamic relationship between discrimination and psychological distress among rural migrant workers, as well as exploring their association over time. Based on latent difference score analysis, we found that discrimination was a risk factor for high levels of psychological distress among rural migrant workers. A significant intra-individual decrease in experience of discrimination and a significant intra-individual increase in psychological distress were identified among rural migrant workers from 2010 to 2014. Finally, discrimination assessed in the baseline data wave (2010) predicted subsequent change in psychological distress, and psychological distress measured in the baseline wave also predicted subsequent change in discrimination. We also found that discrimination is more likely to affect psychological well-being than vice versa. These findings suggest that the government needs to further eliminate social–structural barriers and reduce the negative impact of discrimination on the psychological well-being of rural migrant workers in cities.
Impact of Brief Lactation Rotation in Residency on Decision to Refer for Lactation Support
Authors: Kindred Megan M. , Barta Kelsie R.
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Breastfeeding challenges may be difficult to address within the constraints of a typical well-child visit. A team-based approach, including lactation consultants, can reduce physician workload, increase breastfeeding self-efficacy, and increase patient satisfaction. Continuity of care issues, including absent or delayed referrals, hinder patient access to skilled lactation support.

Objectives:

To examine the post-residency referral patterns of physicians to lactation consultants among physicians who did or did not participate in a brief outpatient lactation rotation at an academic lactation clinic during residency.

Methods:

A cross-sectional online survey of physicians who completed residency programs in pediatrics, family medicine, or medicine-pediatrics between 2013 and 2022 was conducted using REDCap; 46 valid responses were received.

Results:

Respondents who participated in a brief outpatient lactation rotation during residency refer patients to lactation consultants with significantly higher frequency than those who did not complete the rotation. Among those with lactation consultants in their geographic area, this relationship remained significant even when adjusting for residency type, gender, experience with an inpatient lactation consultant, and infant feeding attitudes using multiple linear regression.

Conclusions:

An outpatient lactation rotation during medical residency may increase the likelihood of referring to a lactation consultant in post-residency practice, which can improve breastfeeding outcomes.
Integrating AI into Breast Reconstruction Surgery: Exploring Opportunities, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Gorgy Andrew , Xu Hong Hao , Hawary Hassan El , Nepon Hillary , Lee James , Vorstenbosch Joshua
Published: November 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced various sectors, including healthcare, by enhancing machine capabilities in assisting with human tasks. In surgical fields, where precision and timely decision-making are crucial, AI's integration could revolutionize clinical quality and health resource optimization. This study explores the current and future applications of AI technologies in reconstructive breast surgery, aiming for broader implementation. Methods: We conducted systematic reviews through PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords and MeSH terms. The focus was on the main AI subdisciplines: machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and robotics. This review includes studies discussing AI applications across preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and academic settings in breast plastic surgery. Results: AI is currently utilized preoperatively to predict surgical risks and outcomes, enhancing patient counseling and informed consent processes. During surgery, AI supports the identification of anatomical landmarks and dissection strategies and provides 3-dimensional visualizations. Robotic applications are promising for procedures like microsurgical anastomoses, flap harvesting, and dermal matrix anchoring. Postoperatively, AI predicts discharge times and customizes follow-up schedules, which improves resource allocation and patient management at home. Academically, AI offers personalized training feedback to surgical trainees and aids research in breast reconstruction. Despite these advancements, concerns regarding privacy, costs, and operational efficacy persist and are critically examined in this review. Conclusions: The application of AI in breast plastic and reconstructive surgery presents substantial benefits and diverse potentials. However, much remains to be explored and developed. This study aims to consolidate knowledge and encourage ongoing research and development within the field, thereby empowering the plastic surgery community to leverage AI technologies effectively and responsibly for advancing breast reconstruction surgery.
Cardiac Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors when Used with Antiplatelet Agents
Authors: Dalal Jamshed , Desai Shashank , Pebbilli Kranthi Kiran
Published: November 2024

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have transformed the way acid-peptic diseases are treated, offering improved patient tolerance, safety, and treatment outcomes. This article explores the critical issue of co-administering PPIs with dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for cardiac patients, particularly those at risk of gastrointestinal bleeding due to DAPT. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of individual PPIs, including omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, and rabeprazole, is essential. Variations in hepatic metabolism can impact clinical efficacy and contribute to drug interactions. Of particular concern is the potential for PPIs to counteract clopidogrel’s antiplatelet effects, thereby influencing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). This review sheds light on the intricate interplay between PPIs and antiplatelet agents. It emphasizes the necessity for cautious consideration when co-prescribing PPIs to cardiac patients on DAPT. This article advances our understanding of these interactions and their implications for cardiac safety, offering valuable insights for clinicians and researchers.
Qigong and Tai Chi for ME/CFS: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Markwart Michaela , Felsenstein Donna , Mehta Darshan H. , Sethi Samreen , Tsuchiyose Erika , Lydson Melis , Yeh Gloria Y. , Hall Daniel L.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic and debilitating illness with symptoms such as post-exertional malaise and cognitive dysfunction that can be challenging for patients to manage independently. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined mind-body and psychological approaches that teach patients coping skills for mitigating ME/CFS symptoms, including emerging literature on Qigong or Tai Chi instruction programs. This systematic review aims to summarize the characteristics of these trials and highlight potential areas for future optimization and refinement.

Methods

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase.com, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO via Ovid, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched in April 2023 using controlled vocabulary and keywords for the following eligibility criteria: Sample (ME/CFS), Design (RCT), Behavioral Intervention (mind-body or psychological interventions). Data extraction and reporting followed Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

“Qigong” and “Tai Chi” yielded 142 and 80 abstracts, respectively. Of the 222 abstracts, full texts were available for 5 RCTs of Qigong ( k = 5; N = 481). Notably, no trials of Tai Chi utilized a randomized control design. Among the 5 Qigong RCTs, the publication range was from 2012 to 2023. Details regarding intervention components and effects were summarized. Qigong intervention sessions (median = 12, mode = 10, 12) tended to last between 1-2 hours and occur across 5-12 weeks (median = 7, mode = 5). The Qigong interventions were all delivered in groups and incorporated at-home practice. Daily practice was a requirement ( k = 4) or an advisement ( k = 1). Patient-reported outcomes suggest an emerging evidence base for diffuse benefits on physical and emotional health outcomes.

Conclusions

Qigong interventions are promising, yet relatively understudied, in improving ME/CFS symptom severity and frequency. Future trials must implement standardized eligibility criteria for ME/CFS history, integrate Qigong or Tai Chi with other empirically supported mind-body and psychological practices, and assess long-term resiliency outcomes relevant to ME/CFS survivorship.
Co-producing theory: Epistemic tyrannies of urban conversations
Authors: Falahat Somaiyeh
Published: November 2024

I rethink the epistemic and geographical locations of the urban conversations which aim to create a collective ‘we' from among transnational urban diversity and glocalized Indigeneity. I argue that the first and most fundamental step in enabling the emergence of a collective global ‘we', in whose formation the ‘Indigenous others' have equal presence, is to develop epistemic tools for co-creating a collective understanding of the ‘urban'. This is because we are not yet equipped with the necessary thinking-feeling structures to hold fair conversations between the ‘transnational' and the ‘Indigenous’
Respiratory support and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants born at 22–26 weeks gestation in Sweden, 2004–2007 and 2014–2016
Authors: Löfberg Linn , Abrahamsson Thomas , Björklund Lars J. , Hellström Westas Lena , Farooqi Aijaz , Domellöf Magnus , Ådén Ulrika , Gadsbøll Christian , Källén Karin , Ley David , Normann Erik , Sävman Karin , Elfvin Anders , Håkansson Stellan , Norman Mikael , Sindelar Richard , Serenius Fredrik , Um-Bergström Petra
Published: November 2024

Background

Our aim was to evaluate if increased survival and new ventilation strategies were accompanied by a changed incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in Sweden over a decade.

Methods

Data from two Swedish population-based studies of live-born infants with gestational age (GA) 22–26 weeks, born during 2004–2007 (n=702) and 2014–2016 (n=885), were compared for survival, any BPD, moderate BPD and severe BPD and the composite outcomes of any BPD or death and severe BPD or death at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). Ventilation strategies and interventions were analysed. Any BPD was defined as the use of supplemental oxygen or any respiratory support at 36 weeks PMA, moderate BPD as nasal cannula with <30% oxygen and severe BPD as ≥30% oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or mechanical ventilation.

Results

Survival to 36 weeks PMA increased from 72% to 81% (p<0.001). Total days on mechanical ventilation increased from a median of 9 to 16 days (p<0.001). High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was introduced between the cohorts, and days of CPAP and HFNC increased from 44 to 50 days (p<0.001). Any BPD was unchanged at 65%versus68%. Moderate BPD increased from 37% to 47% (p=0.003), while the incidence of severe BPD decreased from 28% to 23% (p<0.046). Severe BPD or death decreased from 48% to 37% (p<0.001), while any BPD or death remained unchanged at 74%versus75%.

Conclusion

Even though an increased survival of infants born at 22–26 weeks GA was accompanied by an increased duration of invasive and non-invasive respiratory support, the incidence of any BPD remained unchanged, while severe BPD decreased in infants alive at 36 weeks PMA.
Relationship between age, sex, geography and incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in Denmark from 1991–2022
Authors: Dahl Victor N. , Pedersen Andreas A. , van Ingen Jakko , Andersen Aase B. , Lillebaek Troels , Wejse Christian M.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate age, sex, and geographical differences in nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) incidence in Denmark.

Methods

A nationwide register-based study of all patients with NTM isolates in Denmark from 1991 through 2022 based on centralised microbiological data from The International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. A Poisson regression model was used to calculate incidence rates (IRs) and rate ratios (IRRs).

Results

4123 patients had NTM isolated for the first time. Their median age was 59 years (Interquartile range 33–72), which increased over time. Males were younger than females. The proportion of female patients increased significantly over time. The type of NTM and patient age were closely associated. Pulmonary NTM isolation was increasingly common with higher age, while extra-pulmonary NTM isolation was mainly seen in small children. Pulmonary NTM IRs were almost twice as high for females in 2008–2022 compared to 1991–2007 (IRR 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7–2.1, p<0.001), with increases mainly seen in older age groups. The increase was less pronounced for males (IRR 1.3, 95%CI 1.1–1.4, p<0.001). There were considerable geographical differences, with age- and sex-adjusted NTM IRs being 10–40% higher in countryside, provincial, and catchment municipalities than in the capital.

Conclusion

Age, sex, and geography are essential determinants in NTM epidemiology. We found that rates of pulmonary NTM have been increasing, particularly in older females, while changes for males were less pronounced. Finally, we observed considerable geographical differences in NTM IRs in Denmark, with higher rates in less populated municipalities.
Lung recruitment maneouvres strategies in paediatric intensive care units across Europe
Authors: Poletto Elisa , Daverio Marco , Blokpoel Robert George Theodoor , Brigiari Gloria , Gregori Dario , Pons-Odena Marti , Tosoni Alvise
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In severe paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS)Lung Recruitment Manoeuvres(LRMs) may be applied to improve oxygenation, but their application is still controversial. The aim of this survey is to report what the current practice is across European PICUs.

Methods

Online survey distributed to PICUs in 19 European countries targeting paediatric intensivists, nurses and respiratory therapists. One reply per unit was allowed.

Results

151 PICUs out of 276 (54.8%) responded. Of those, 75.9% have more than 300 admissions per year and 45.1% are Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) centres. LRMs are employed in 78.9% of surveyed PICUs. Twenty-three out of 105 (21.9%) PICUs have a standardised protocol. LRM are mainly performed by physicians (99%), supported by nurses (38.4%) and/or respiratory therapists (11.5%). The main reported contraindications are air leak (86.7%), hemodynamic instability (75.2%) and intracranial hypertension (63.8%).

Staircase Recruitment Manoeuvres (SRMs) are the most commonly (69.5%) practiced LRM while sustained Inflation (SI) is used in 44.8% of PICUs, alone or in addition to SRMs. The success of LRMs is measured through oxygenation improvement (Oxygenation Index or PaO2/FiO2). Profound hypotension is the most reported complication (49.5%), while 35.2% did not report any complication. Lack of familiarity is the main obstacle to the application of LRMs (67.9%).

Conclusions

To our best knowledge this is the first survey providing an overview of current LRMs application among European PICUs. Practise is diverse among countries and PICUs. Further research is necessary to build stronger evidence to support a more standard application of LRMs.
Upregulation of ENAH by a PI3K/AKT/β-catenin cascade promotes oral cancer cell migration and growth via an ITGB5/Src axis
Authors: Chan Xiu-Ya , Chang Kai-Ping , Yang Chia-Yu , Liu Chiao-Rou , Hung Chu-Mi , Huang Chun-Chueh , Liu Hao-Ping , Wu Chih-Ching
Published: November 2024

Background

Oral cancer accounts for 2% of cancer-related deaths globally, with over 90% of cases being oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Approximately 50% of patients with OSCC succumb to the disease within 5 years, primarily due to the advanced stage at which it is typically diagnosed. This underscores an urgent need to identify proteins related to OSCC progression to develop effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Methods

To identify OSCC progression-related proteins, we conducted integrated proteome and transcriptome analyses on cancer tissues from patients and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model mice. We investigated the role of protein-enabled homolog (ENAH), identified as an OSCC progression-associated protein, through proliferation, transwell migration, and invasion assays in OSCC cells. The mechanisms underlying ENAH-mediated functions were elucidated using gene knockdown and ectopic expression techniques in OSCC cells.

Results

ENAH was identified as a candidate associated with OSCC progression based on integrated analyses, which showed increased ENAH levels in primary OSCC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous counterparts, and sustained overexpression in the cancer tissues of PDX models. We confirmed that level of ENAH is increased in OSCC tissues and that its elevated expression correlates with poorer survival rates in patients with OSCC. Furthermore, the upregulation of ENAH in OSCC cells results from the activation of the GSK3β/β-catenin axis by the EGFR/PI3K/AKT cascade. ENAH expression enhances cell proliferation and mobility by upregulating integrin β5 in oral cancer cells.

Conclusions

The upregulation of ENAH through a PI3K/AKT/β-catenin signaling cascade enhances oral cancer cell migration and growth via the ITGB5/Src axis. These findings offer a new interpretation of the ENAH function in the OSCC progression and provide crucial information for developing new OSCC treatment strategies.
Chromosome level assemblies of Nakaseomyces (Candida) bracarensis uncover two distinct clades and define its adhesin repertoire
Authors: Marcet-Houben Marina , Księżopolska Ewa , Gabaldón Toni
Published: November 2024

Background

The Nakaseomyces clade is formed by at least nine described species among which three can be pathogenic to humans, namely Nakaseomyces glabratus (Candida glabrata), the second most-common cause of candidiasis worldwide, and two rarer emerging pathogens: Nakaseomyces (Candida) nivarensis and Nakaseomyces (Candida) bracarensis. Early comparative genomics analyses identified parallel expansions of subtelomeric adhesin genes in N. glabratus and N. nivarensis/bracarensis, and suggested possible links with the emergence of the virulence potential in these species. However, as shown for N. glabratus, the proper assessment of subtelomeric genes is hindered by the use of incomplete assemblies and reliance on a single isolate.

Results

Here we sequenced seven N. bracarensis isolates and reconstructed chromosome level assemblies of two divergent strains. We show that N. bracarensis isolates belong to two diverging clades that have slightly different genomic structures. We identified the set of encoded adhesins in the two complete assemblies, and uncovered the presence of a novel adhesin motif, found mainly in N. bracarensis. Our analysis revealed a larger adhesin content in N. bracarensis than previously reported, and similar in size to that of N. glabratus. We confirm the independent adhesin expansion in these two species, which could relate to their different levels of virulence.

Conclusion

N. bracarensis clinical isolates belong to at least two differentiated clades. We describe a novel repeat motif found in N. bracarensis adhesins, which helps in their identification. Adhesins underwent independent expansions in N. glabratus and N. bracarensis, leading to repertoires that are qualitatively different but quantitatively similar. Given that adhesins are considered virulence factors, some of the observed differences could contribute to variations in virulence capabilities between N. glabratus and N. bracarensis.
Multiple skin abscesses due to Nocardia neocaledoniensis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Jun , Chen Taigui , Peng Shijie , Li Lianbao , Wang Liling , Li Jun , He Wei
Published: November 2024

N. neocaledoniensis is a very rare infectious pathogen that causes human disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. In this case report, we describe the successful diagnosis of N. neocaledoniensis in a patient confirmed by mNGS and the treatment of multiple skin abscesses due to N. neocaledoniensis infection. mNGS is an important diagnostic method complementary to routine bacterial culture and identification methods, especially for rare, novel, co-infected pathogens, and pathogens that are difficult to culture. This report may provide a reference for the clinical treatment and diagnosis of N. neocaledoniensis infection in humans.