bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Client Labor: Adults with Hearing Impairment Describing Their Participation in Their Hearing Help-Seeking and Rehabilitation
Authors: Knudsen Line V. , Nielsen Claus , Kramer Sophia E. , Jones Lesley , Laplante-Lévesque Ariane
Published: March 2013

Background:The uptake and use of hearing aids is low compared to the prevalence of hearing impairment. People who seek help and take part in a hearing aid rehabilitation process participate actively in this process in several ways.Purpose:In order to gain more knowledge
on the challenges of hearing help-seeking and hearing aid use, this qualitative study sought to understand the ways that people with hearing impairment describe themselves as active participants throughout the hearing aid rehabilitation process.Research Design:In this qualitative interview
study we examined the hearing rehabilitation process from the perspective of the hearing impaired. In this article we describe how the qualitative interview material was interpreted by a pragmatic qualitative thematic analysis. The analysis described in this article focused on the efforts,
initiatives, actions, and participation the study participants described that they had engaged in during their rehabilitation.Study Sample:Interviews were conducted with people with hearing impairment in Australia, Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The 34 interview
participants were distributed equally between the sites, just as men and women were almost equally represented (56% women). The average age of the participants was 64. All participants had a hearing impairment in at least one ear. The participants were recruited to represent a range of experiences
with hearing help-seeking and rehabilitation.Data Collection and Analysis:With each participant one qualitative semistructured interview ranging between 1 and 2 hr was carried out. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, read through several times, and themes were identified, defined,
and reviewed by an iterative process.Results:From this thematic focus a concept called “client labor” has emerged. Client labor contains nine subthemes divided into three overarching groups: cognitive labor, emotional labor, and physical labor. The participants' experiences
and meaning-making related to these conceptual types of efforts is described.Conclusions:The study findings have implications for the clinical encounter between people with hearing impairment and hearing health-care professionals. We suggest that a patient-centered approach that bears
in mind the client's active participation could help toward improving clinical dispensing, fitting, and counseling practices with the end goal to increase hearing aid benefit and satisfaction.
The Effect of LACE DVD Training in New and Experienced Hearing Aid Users
Authors: Olson Anne D. , Preminger Jill E. , Shinn Jennifer B.
Published: March 2013

Background:Numerous studies have demonstrated that improving the ability to understand speech in noise can be a difficult task for adults with hearing aids (HAs). If HA users want to improve their speech understanding ability, specific training may be needed. Auditory training
(AT) is one type of intervention that may enhance speech recognition abilities for adult HA users.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the behavioral effects of an AT program called Listening and Communication Enhancement (LACE) in the DVD format in new and experienced HA
users. While some research has been conducted using the computer version of this program, no research to date has been conducted on the efficacy of the DVD version of the LACE training program in both new and experienced HA users.Research Design:An experimental, prospective repeated
measures group design, with random assignment.Study Sample:Twenty-nine adults with hearing loss were assigned to one of three groups: new HA plus training, experienced HA plus training, or control (new HA users with no training during the study but provided with training afterward).
New HA aid users were randomly assigned to either the training or control group.Intervention:Participants in the training groups completed twenty 30 min training lessons from the LACE DVD program at home over a period of 4 wk.Data Collection:Participants in both training groups
were evaluated at baseline, after 2 wk of training and again after 4 wk of training. Participants in the control group were evaluated at baseline and after 4 wk of HA use. Several objective listening measures were administered including speech in noise, rapid speech, and competing sentences
tasks. Subjective measures included evaluating the participants' perception of the intervention as well as their perceptions of functional listening abilities.Results:Findings indicate that both new and experienced users improved their understanding of speech in noise, understanding
of competing sentences, and communication function after training in comparison to a control group. Effect size calculations suggested that a larger training effect was observed for new HA users compared to experienced HA users. New HA users also reported greater benefit from training compared
to experienced users. AT with the LACE DVD format should be encouraged, particularly among new HA users, to improve understanding in difficult listening conditions.
Interaural Multiple Frequency Tympanometry Measures: Clinical Utility for Unilateral Conductive Hearing Loss
Authors: Norrix Linda W. , Burgan Briana , Ramirez Nicholas , Velenovsky David S.
Published: March 2013

Background:Tympanometry is a routine clinical measurement of the acoustic immittance of the ear as a function of ear canal air pressure. The 226 Hz tympanogram can provide clinical evidence for conditions such as a tympanic membrane perforation, Eustachian tube dysfunction, middle
ear fluid, and ossicular discontinuity. Multiple frequency tympanometry using a range of probe tone frequencies from low to high has been shown to be more sensitive than a single probe tone tympanogram in distinguishing between mass- and stiffness-related middle ear pathologies (Colletti,
1975; Funasaka et al, 1984; Van Camp et al, 1986).Purpose:In this study we obtained normative measures of middle ear resonance by using multiple probe tone frequency tympanometry. Ninety percent ranges for middle ear resonance and for interaural differences were calculated.Research
Design:In a mixed design, normative data were collected from both ears of male and female adults.Study Sample:Twelve male and 12 female adults with normal hearing and normal middle ear function participated in the study.Data Collection and Analysis:Multiple frequency tympanograms
were recorded with a commercially available immittance instrument (GSI Tympstar) to obtain estimates of middle ear resonant frequency (RF) using ΔB, positive tail, and negative tail methods. Data were analyzed using three-way mixed analyses of variance with gender as a between-subject
variable and ear and method as within-subject variables. T-tests were performed, using the Bonferroni adjustment, to determine significant differences between means.Results:Using the positive and negative tail methods, a wide range of approximately 500 Hz was found for middle ear resonance
in adults with normal hearing and normal middle ear function. The difference in RF between an individual's ears is small with 90% ranges of approximately ±200 Hz, indicating that the right ear RF should be either 200 Hz higher or lower in frequency compared to the left ear. This was
true for both negative and positive tail methods.Conclusion:Ninety percent ranges were calculated to determine the difference in middle ear resonance expected between an individual's ears. These ranges can provide critical normative values for determining how pathology in an ear with
a unilateral conductive hearing loss is altering the mass or stiffness characteristics of the middle ear system.
Quantitative Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Analysis in Hepatitis B E Antigen-Positive Nucleoside-Naive Patients Treated with Entecavir
Authors: Gish Robert G , Chang Ting-Tsung , Lai Ching-Lung , De Man Robert A , Gadano Adrian , Llamoso Cyril , Tang Hong
Published: March 2013

Background

Entecavir is a potent nucleoside analogue for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) levels are predictive of response to interferon-α in CHB treatment; however, the clinical utility of qHBsAg in nucleoside/ nucleotide analogue-based CHB therapy is not fully characterized. This study assessed changes in qHBsAg in patients treated with entecavir in the Phase III study ETV-022.

Methods

This retrospective post hoc analysis included nucleoside/nucleotide-naive, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients receiving entecavir (0.5 mg daily) in ETV-022 who had samples available for qHBsAg analysis through week 48. qHBsAg, HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase levels were assessed for the overall patient cohort, for cohorts with or without HBeAg loss or HBsAg loss by week 48, and by HBV genotype.

Results

Overall, 95 patients from ETV-022 had available samples for qHBsAg analysis through week 48. In all cohorts, 48 weeks of entecavir therapy resulted in effective HBV DNA suppression. In the overall cohort, qHB-sAg declined by -0.92 log10 IU/ml through week 48. The decline in qHBsAg was more pronounced in patients with subsequent HBeAg loss or HBsAg loss, and in patients infected with HBV genotype D or A. On-treatment qHBsAg changes did not correlate with changes in HBV DNA; no on-treatment or baseline factor was found to be predictive of HBeAg loss or HBsAg loss.

Conclusions

Through 48 weeks of entecavir therapy, qHBsAg declined predominantly in those patients who achieved seroclearance of HBeAg or HBsAg. However, unlike with interferon-α-based therapy, early qHBsAg decline was not predictive of serological response at year 1 of entecavir treatment.
Mayotte, terre d'émigration massive
Authors: Math Antoine
Published: March 2013

« Le problème de Mayotte, c’est l’immigration massive. » Cette antienne répétée à l’envi par les médias et les responsables politiques de l’île pour expliquer sa situation difficile et les mauvaises conditions de vie de ses habitants ne résiste pas à une analyse sérieuse. Et si le problème de Mayotte n’était pas tant l’immigration que l’émigration ?
Attitudes Among Nurse Educators Toward Homosexuality
Authors: Sirota Theodora
Published: March 2013

Homosexual populations have unique and specific cultures, psychosocial characteristics, health issues, and health care disparities that are currently ignored or insufficiently addressed in nursing education. To understand the reasons for these omissions, this descriptive study explores the attitudes of nurse educators (
N
= 1,282) toward homosexuality and the extent to which demographic, educational, and occupational factors are related to their attitudes. Responding to a direct online survey solicitation, self-selected participants completed the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (ATLG) and a supplementary data questionnaire. Results indicate that the majority of participants have positive attitudes toward homosexuality, which is consistent with prior findings. Most participants believe it is important to teach nursing students about homosexuality, but they consider themselves unprepared to teach this content. Effects of various demographic and occupational factors on participants’ ATLG scores and implications of the findings for nursing education and nursing health care policy are discussed. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(4):219–227.]
The Management of eLearning at University of KKU, Abha
Authors: Al-Saif Fatimah , Gauthaman Dr.Anandhavalli
Published: March 2013

e-Learning, of late, has been witnessing an unprecedented expansion as an opportunity for higher education. This expanding alternative mode calls for ensuring and imparting a sound and qualitative education. So the present case study made an attempt to discuss key aspects of a quality management model for eLearning currently operating at the University of KKU and illustrates the issues related to the quality dimensions of e-learning. Some of these dimensions are: learning process, administrative processes, teaching materials, resources and SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) analysis etc. This study reiterates the relevance of imparting qualitative education through e-learning for quality improvement in ways that facilitate how staff are empowered and supported to develop meaningful eLearning resources for students, how quality improvement is managed, and how organizational learning takes place. The findings of the study further demonstrate that if the concept of e-learning is imparted with a better approach and perspective, the reach will be phenomenal.
Crowd-sourced Open Courseware Authoring with SlideWiki.org
Authors: Auer Sören , Khalili Ali , Tarasowa Darya
Published: March 2013

While many Learning Content Management Systems are available, the collaborative, community-based creation of rich e-learning content is still not sufficiently well supported. Few attempts have been made to apply crowd-sourcing and wiki-approaches for the creation of e-learning content. In this article, we showcase SlideWiki -- an Open Courseware Authoring platform supporting the crowdsourced creation of richly structured learning content.
Solute Carrier 11A1 Is Expressed by Innate Lymphocytes and Augments Their Activation
Authors: Hedges Jodi F. , Kimmel Emily , Snyder Deann T. , Jerome Maria , Jutila Mark A.
Published: March 2013

Solute carrier 11A1 (SLC11A1) is a divalent ion transporter formerly known as the natural resistance–associated macrophage protein (NRAMP1) and the Bcg/Lsh/Ity locus. SLC11A1 was thought to be exclusively expressed in monocyte/macrophages and to have roles in phagosome maturation and cell activation. We characterized the expression of SLC11A1 in the majority of human and bovine γδ T cells and NK cells and in human CD3+CD45RO+ T cells. Consistent with a role for iron-dependent inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases, SLC11A1+ lymphocytes were more prone to activation and retained tyrosine phosphorylation. Transfection of SLC11A1 into a human γδ T cell–like line rendered the cells more prone to activation. Nonadherent splenocytes from wild-type mice expressed significantly greater IFN-γ compared with cells from Sv/129 (SLC11A1−/−) mice. Our data suggest that SLC11A1 has a heretofore unknown role in activation of a large subset of innate lymphocytes that are critical sources of IFN-γ. SLC11A1+ animals have enhanced innate IFN-γ expression in response to Salmonella infection compared with SLC11A1− mice, which include commonly used inbred laboratory mice. Expression of SLC11A1 in innate lymphocytes and its role in augmenting their activation may account for inconsistencies in studies of innate lymphocytes in different animal models.
α1β1 Integrin-Mediated Adhesion Inhibits Macrophage Exit from a Peripheral Inflammatory Lesion
Authors: Becker Henry M. , Rullo Jacob , Chen Mian , Ghazarian Magar , Bak Sungho , Xiao Haiyan , Hay John B. , Cybulsky Myron I.
Published: March 2013

Integrins are adhesion molecules critical for the recruitment of leukocytes from blood into peripheral tissues. However, whether integrins are also involved in leukocyte exit from peripheral tissues via afferent lymphatics to the draining lymph node remains poorly understood. In this article, we show that adhesion by the collagen IV–binding integrin α1β1 unexpectedly inhibited macrophage exit from inflamed skin. We monitored macrophages exiting mouse footpads using a newly developed in situ pulse labeling technique. Blockade of α1β1 integrin or genetic deletion (Itga1−/−) increased macrophage exit efficiency. Chemotaxis assays through collagen IV showed more efficient migration of Itga1−/− macrophages relative to wild type. Given that macrophages are key orchestrators of inflammation, α1β1 integrin adhesion may represent a mechanism for regulating inflammatory responses by controlling macrophage exit or persistence in inflamed tissues.
Cxcl8 (IL-8) Mediates Neutrophil Recruitment and Behavior in the Zebrafish Inflammatory Response
Authors: de Oliveira Sofia , Reyes-Aldasoro Constantino C. , Candel Sergio , Renshaw Stephen A. , Mulero Victoriano , Calado Ângelo
Published: March 2013

Neutrophils play a pivotal role in the innate immune response. The small cytokine CXCL8 (also known as IL-8) is known to be one of the most potent chemoattractant molecules that, among several other functions, is responsible for guiding neutrophils through the tissue matrix until they reach sites of injury. Unlike mice and rats that lack a CXCL8 homolog, zebrafish has two distinct CXCL8 homologs: Cxcl8-l1 and Cxcl8-l2. Cxcl8-l1 is known to be upregulated under inflammatory conditions caused by bacterial or chemical insult but until now the role of Cxcl8s in neutrophil recruitment has not been studied. In this study we show that both Cxcl8 genes are upregulated in response to an acute inflammatory stimulus, and that both are crucial for normal neutrophil recruitment to the wound and normal resolution of inflammation. Additionally, we have analyzed neutrophil migratory behavior through tissues to the site of injury in vivo, using open-access phagocyte tracking software PhagoSight. Surprisingly, we observed that in the absence of these chemokines, the speed of the neutrophils migrating to the wound was significantly increased in comparison with control neutrophils, although the directionality was not affected. Our analysis suggests that zebrafish may possess a subpopulation of neutrophils whose recruitment to inflamed areas occurs independently of Cxcl8 chemokines. Moreover, we report that Cxcl8-l2 signaled through Cxcr2 for inducing neutrophil recruitment. Our study, therefore, confirms the zebrafish as an excellent in vivo model to shed light on the roles of CXCL8 in neutrophil biology.
Different Modes of Feedback and Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Force During Jump Landing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ericksen Hayley M. , Gribble Phillip A. , Pfile Kate R. , Pietrosimone Brian G.
Published: March 2013

Context:

Excessive ground reaction force when landing from a jump may result in lower extremity injuries. It is important to better understand how feedback can influence ground reaction force (GRF) and potentially reduce injury risk.

Objective:

To determine the effect of expert-provided (EP), self-analysis (SA), and combination EP and SA (combo) feedback on reducing peak vertical GRF during a jump-landing task.

Data Sources:

We searched the Web of Science database on July 1, 2011; using the search terms ground reaction force, landing biomechanics, and feedback elicited 731 initial hits.

Study Selection:

Of the 731 initial hits, our final analysis included 7 studies that incorporated 32 separate data comparisons.

Data Extraction:

Standardized effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated between pretest and posttest scores for each feedback condition.

Data Synthesis:

We found a homogeneous beneficial effect for combo feedback, indicating a reduction in GRF with no CIs crossing zero. We also found a homogeneous beneficial effect for EP feedback, but the CIs from 4 of the 10 data comparisons crossed zero. The SA feedback showed strong, definitive effects when the intervention included a videotape SA, with no CIs crossing zero.

Conclusions:

Of the 7 studies reviewed, combo feedback seemed to produce the greatest decrease in peak vertical GRF during a jump-landing task.
Heating Capacity of ReBound Shortwave Diathermy and Moist Hot Packs at Superficial Depths
Authors: Hawkes Amanda R. , Draper David O. , Johnson A. Wayne , Diede Mike T. , Rigby Justin H.
Published: March 2013

Context:

The effectiveness of a new continuous diathermy unit, ReBound, as a heating modality is unknown.

Objective:

To compare the effects of ReBound diathermy with silicate-gel moist hot packs on tissue temperature in the human triceps surae muscle.

Design:

 Crossover study.

Setting:

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 12 healthy, college-aged volunteers (4 men, 8 women; age = 22.2 ± 2.25 years, calf subcutaneous fat thickness = 7.2 ± 1.9 mm).

Intervention(s):

On 2 different days, 1 of 2 modalities (ReBound diathermy, silicate-gel moist hot pack) was applied to the triceps surae muscle of each participant for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, the modality was removed, and temperature decay was recorded for 20 minutes.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

 Medial triceps surae intramuscular tissue temperature at a depth of 1 cm was measured using an implantable thermocouple inserted horizontally into the muscle. Measurements were taken every 5 minutes during the 30-minute treatment and every minute during the 20-minute temperature decay, for a total of 50 minutes. Treatment was analyzed through a 2 × 7 mixed-model analysis of variance with repeated measures. Temperature decay was analyzed through a 2 × 21 mixed-model analysis of variance with repeated measures.

Results:

During the 30-minute application, tissue temperatures at a depth of 1 cm increased more with the ReBound diathermy than with the moist hot pack (F6,66 = 7.14, P < .001). ReBound diathermy and moist hot packs increased tissue temperatures 3.69°C ± 1.50°C and 2.82°C ± 0.90°C, respectively, from baseline. Throughout the temperature decay, ReBound diathermy produced a greater rate of heat dissipation than the moist hot pack (F20,222 = 4.42, P < .001).

Conclusions:

During a 30-minute treatment at a superficial depth, the ReBound diathermy increased tissue temperature to moderate levels, which were greater than the levels reached with moist hot packs.
El “tabú” periodístico de la monarquía en España. La crisis real y la crisis coyuntural
Authors: Ramos Fernández Fernando
Published: March 2013

Al resquebrajarse el llamado “pacto de silencio”, con que los medios arroparon a la monarquía en España, desde que fue restituida en 1975, los efectos sobre la opinión pública han sido desoladores para una institución que padece una crisis de la que no consigue salir, según la descarnada evidencia de las encuestas. Además de los escándalos protagonizados por el rey y su familia, la causa de que los españoles se alejen cada vez más de la corona, especialmente los jóvenes, se deben a una razón más profunda que las contingencias puntuales: 7 de cada 10 españoles, menores de 40 años, no asumen la pervivencia de una institución que no comprenden. Las campañas de relaciones públicas institucionales no están reparando lo que ya parece un efecto irreversible.
A Subregional Analysis of Epidemiologic and Genetic Characteristics of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Africa: Senegal, Cape Verde, Mauritania, and Guinea, 2009–2010
Authors: Dia Ndongo , Ndiaye Mbayame Niang , Monteiro Maria de Lourdes , Koivogui Lamine , Bara Mohamed Ould , Diop Ousmane M.
Published: March 2013

During the pandemic 2009 episode, we conducted laboratory-based surveillance in four countries from West Africa: Senegal, Mauritania, Cape Verde, and Guinea. Specimens were obtained from 3,155 patients: 2,264 patients from Senegal, 498 patients from Cape Verde, 227 patients from Mauritania, and 166 patients from Guinea; 911 (28.9%) patients were positive for influenza, 826 (90.7%) patients were positive for influenza A, and 85 (9.3%) patients were positive for influenza B. Among the influenza A positives, 503 (60.9%) positives were H1N1pdm09, 314 (38.0%) positives were H3N2, and 9 (1.1%) positives were seasonal H1N1. The highest detection rate for seasonal influenza viruses (17.1%) occurred in the 5–14 years age group. However, for A(H1N1)pdm09, the detection rate was highest in the 15–24 years age group (35.8%). Based on the present study data, the timeline of detection of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in these four countries should be Cape Verde, Guinea, Mauritania, and finally, Senegal. Genetic and antigenic analyses were performed in some isolates.
Hemophagocytic Syndrome as Uncommon Presentation of Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Adult from Chinese Kunming
Authors: Yang YanFen , Zuo WeiWei , Hu JunJie , Esch Gerald W. , Zuo YangXian
Published: March 2013

Hemophagocytic syndrome is a rare disease that is often fatal, despite treatment. An immunocompetent patient was presented with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and hyperferritinemia, which conformed to a hemophagocytic syndrome diagnosis. Despite broad antibiotic treatment, the patient's clinical condition rapidly deteriorated and he died within 8 days of admission. Blood cultures and a serology test were negative; however, based on morphological characteristics, tissue cysts Toxoplasma gondii were found in the bone marrow. Based on polymerase chain reaction analysis, identity of the parasite was confirmed. Although very rare, T. gondii-associated hemophagocytic syndrome should be suspected in the case of cytopenia or multiorgan failure symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first fatal toxoplasmosis case reported from China.
Burning of olive tree branches: a major organic aerosol source in the Mediterranean
Authors: Kostenidou E. , Kaltsonoudis C. , Tsiflikiotou M. , Louvaris E. , Russell L. M. , Pandis S. N.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Aerosol produced during the burning of olive tree branches was characterized with both direct source-sampling (using a mobile smog chamber) and with ambient measurements during the burning season. The fresh particles were composed of 80% organic matter, 8–10% black carbon (BC), 5% potassium, 3–4% sulfate, 2–3% nitrate and 0.8% chloride. Almost half of the fresh olive tree branches burning organic aerosol (otBB-OA) consisted of alkane groups. Their mode diameter was close to 70 nm. The oxygen to carbon (O:C) ratio of the fresh otBB-OA was 0.29 ± 0.04. The mass fraction of levoglucosan in PM1 was 0.034–0.043, relatively low in comparison with most fuel types. This may lead to an underestimation of the otBB-OA contribution if levoglucosan is being used as a wood burning tracer. Chemical aging was observed during smog chamber experiments, as f44 and O:C ratio increased, due to reactions with OH radicals and O3. The otBB-OA AMS mass spectrum differs from the other published biomass burning spectra, with a main difference at m/z 60, used as levoglucosan tracer. In addition to particles, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as methanol, acetonitrile, acrolein, benzene, toluene and xylenes are also emitted. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the ambient organic aerosol data and 3 factors could be identified: OOA (oxygenated organic aerosol, 55%), HOA (hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol, 11.3%) and otBB-OA 33.7%. The fresh chamber otBB-OA AMS spectrum is close to the PMF otBB-OA spectrum and resembles the ambient mass spectrum during olive tree branches burning periods. We estimated an otBB-OA emission factor of 3.5 ± 0.2 g kg−1. Assuming that half of the olive tree branches pruned is burned in Greece 2280 ± 140 tons of otBB-OA are emitted every year. This activity is one of the most important fine aerosol sources during the winter months in the Mediterranean countries.
Interpreting SBUV smoothing errors: an example using the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
Authors: Kramarova N. A. , Bhartia P. K. , Frith S. M. , McPeters R. D. , Stolarski R. S.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) observing system consists of a series of instruments that have been measuring both total ozone and the ozone profile since 1970. SBUV measures the profile in the upper stratosphere with a resolution that is adequate to resolve most of the important features of that region. In the lower stratosphere the limited vertical resolution of the SBUV system means that there are components of the profile variability that SBUV cannot measure. The smoothing error, as defined in the Optimal Estimation retrieval method, describes the components of the profile variability that the SBUV observing system cannot measure. In this paper we provide a simple visual interpretation of the SBUV smoothing error by comparing SBUV ozone anomalies in the lower tropical stratosphere associated with the Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO) to anomalies obtained from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). We describe a methodology for estimating the SBUV smoothing error for monthly zonal mean (mzm) profiles. We construct covariance matrices that describe the statistics of the inter-annual ozone variability using a 6-yr record of Aura MLS and ozonesonde data. We find that the smoothing error is of the order of 1% between 10 hPa and 1 hPa, increasing up to 15–20% in the troposphere and up to 5% in the mesosphere. The smoothing error for total ozone columns is small, mostly less than 0.5%. We demonstrate that by merging the partial ozone columns from several layers in the lower stratosphere/troposphere into one thick layer, we can minimize the smoothing error. We recommend using the following layer combinations to reduce the smoothing error to about 1%: surface to 25 hPa (16 hPa) outside (inside) of the narrow equatorial zone 20° S–20° N.
New plasmapause model derived from CHAMP field-aligned current signatures
Authors: Heilig B. , Lühr H.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. We introduce a new model for the plasmapause location in the equatorial plane. The determination of the L-shell bounding the plasmasphere is based on magnetic field observations made by the CHAMP satellite in the topside ionosphere. Related signals are medium-scale field-aligned currents (MSFAC) (some 10 km scale size). The mid-latitude boundary of these MSFACs is used for determining the plasmapause. We are presenting a procedure for detecting the MSFAC boundary. Reliable L-values are obtained on the night side, whenever the solar zenith angle is below 90°. This means, the boundary is not determined well in the 08:00 to 16:00 magnetic local time (MLT) sector. The radial distance of the boundary is closely controlled by the magnetic activity index Kp. Over the Kp range 0 to 9, the L-value varies from 6 to 2 RE. Conversely, the dependence on solar flux is insignificant. For a fixed Kp level, the obtained L-values of the boundary form a ring on an MLT dial plot with a centre somewhat offset from the geomagnetic pole. This Kp and local time dependent feature is used for predicting the location of the MSFAC boundary at all MLTs based on a single L-value determination by CHAMP. We compared the location of the MSFAC boundary during the years 2001–2002 with the L-value of the plasmapause, determined from in situ observations by the IMAGE spacecraft. The mean difference in radial distance is within a 1 RE range for all local times and Kp values. The plasmapause is generally found earthward of the FAC boundary, except for the duskside. By considering this systematic displacement and by taking into account the diurnal variation and Kp-dependence of the residuals, we are able to construct an empirical model of the plasmapause location that is based on MSFAC measurements from CHAMP. Our new model PPCH-2012 agrees with IMAGE in situ observations within a standard deviation of 0.79 RE.
Technical Note: A mobile sea-going mesocosm system – new opportunities for ocean change research
Authors: Riebesell U. , Czerny J. , von Bröckel K. , Boxhammer T. , Büdenbender J. , Deckelnick M. , Fischer M. , Hoffmann D. , Krug S. A. , Lentz U. , Ludwig A. , Muche R. , Schulz K. G.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. One of the great challenges in ocean change research is to understand and forecast the effects of environmental changes on pelagic communities and the associated impacts on biogeochemical cycling. Mesocosms, experimental enclosures designed to approximate natural conditions, and in which environmental factors can be manipulated and closely monitored, provide a powerful tool to close the gap between small-scale laboratory experiments and observational and correlative approaches applied in field surveys. Existing pelagic mesocosm systems are stationary and/or restricted to well-protected waters. To allow mesocosm experimentation in a range of hydrographic conditions and in areas considered most sensitive to ocean change, we developed a mobile sea-going mesocosm facility, the Kiel Off-Shore Mesocosms for Future Ocean Simulations (KOSMOS). The KOSMOS platform, which can be transported and deployed by mid-sized research vessels, is designed for operation in moored and free-floating mode under low to moderate wave conditions (up to 2.5 m wave heights). It encloses a water column 2 m in diameter and 15 to 25 m deep (∼50–75 m3 in volume) without disrupting the vertical structure or disturbing the enclosed plankton community. Several new developments in mesocosm design and operation were implemented to (i) minimize differences in starting conditions between mesocosms, (ii) allow for extended experimental duration, (iii) precisely determine the mesocosm volume, (iv) determine air–sea gas exchange, and (v) perform mass balance calculations. After multiple test runs in the Baltic Sea, which resulted in continuous improvement of the design and handling, the KOSMOS platform successfully completed its first full-scale experiment in the high Arctic off Svalbard (78°56.2′ N, 11°53.6′ E) in June/July 2010. The study, which was conducted in the framework of the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA), focused on the effects of ocean acidification on a natural plankton community and its impacts on biogeochemical cycling and air–sea exchange of climate-relevant gases. This manuscript describes the mesocosm hardware, its deployment and handling, CO2 manipulation, sampling and cleaning, including some further modifications conducted based on the experiences gained during this study.
Oxygen and indicators of stress for marine life in multi-model global warming projections
Authors: Cocco V. , Joos F. , Steinacher M. , Frölicher T. L. , Bopp L. , Dunne J. , Gehlen M. , Heinze C. , Orr J. , Oschlies A. , Schneider B. , Segschneider J. , Tjiputra J.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Decadal-to-century scale trends for a range of marine environmental variables in the upper mesopelagic layer (UML, 100–600 m) are investigated using results from seven Earth System Models forced by a high greenhouse gas emission scenario. The models as a class represent the observation-based distribution of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), albeit major mismatches between observation-based and simulated values remain for individual models. By year 2100 all models project an increase in SST between 2 °C and 3 °C, and a decrease in the pH and in the saturation state of water with respect to calcium carbonate minerals in the UML. A decrease in the total ocean inventory of dissolved oxygen by 2% to 4% is projected by the range of models. Projected O2 changes in the UML show a complex pattern with both increasing and decreasing trends reflecting the subtle balance of different competing factors such as circulation, production, remineralization, and temperature changes. Projected changes in the total volume of hypoxic and suboxic waters remain relatively small in all models. A widespread increase of CO2 in the UML is projected. The median of the CO2 distribution between 100 and 600m shifts from 0.1–0.2 mol m−3 in year 1990 to 0.2–0.4 mol m−3 in year 2100, primarily as a result of the invasion of anthropogenic carbon from the atmosphere. The co-occurrence of changes in a range of environmental variables indicates the need to further investigate their synergistic impacts on marine ecosystems and Earth System feedbacks.
Mittendrin statt nur dabei: Ethnographie als Methodologie in der Humangeographie
Authors: Müller M.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Interest in the lived mundane practices and embodied experience of subjects has seen a tremendous upsurge in human geography in the past years. With its focus on social interaction and concern with subjects' lifeworlds, ethnography suggests itself as a suitable methodological approach to match this interest. Against the lack of a sustained debate in German-speaking human geography, this special issue seeks to illustrate the potential of ethnography for different conceptual approaches with the help of empirical examples. It is the task of this editorial to review key issues associated with ethnographic research. In so doing, it does not equate ethnography with the method of participant observation, but rather understands it as a methodology with specific implications for the responsibility and position of the researcher, the interpretation of the material and the construction of a narrative.
Ethnographie und ihre Folgen für die Kulturgeographie: eine Kritik des Netzwerkkonzepts in Studien zu translokaler Mobilität
Authors: Verne J.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The aim of this article is to show the difference between an interpretative-hermeneutic ethnographic approach deeply embedded in the history of anthropology and ethnographic methods introduced as part of a social science repertoire. Taking the classical "network" as an example, it contrasts the way this concept is generally used in studies on translocal mobility with interpretations of ethnographic research. This not only opens up critical reflections on the role of "networks" when it comes to understanding translocality as a lived experience, but also illustrates what it actually means to follow an interpretative-hermeneutic approach in which ethnographic material is seen to serve as a way to ground, question and refine abstract concepts. The article thus argues that it is through ethnographies and their inherent openness towards the field that a more enriching and creative engagement with theories and methodologies can be achieved than qualitative social science approaches usually allow for.
Integrating spatial and temporal probabilities for the annual landslide hazard maps in Shihmen watershed, Taiwan
Authors: Wu C. Y. , Chen S. C.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Landslide spatial probability, temporal probability, and landslide size probability were employed to perform landslide hazard assessment in this study. Following a screening process, landslide susceptibility-related factors included eleven intrinsic geomorphological factors and two extrinsic rainfall factors, which were evaluated as effective factors because of the higher correlation with the landslide distribution. Landslide area analysis was first employed to establish the power law relationship between landslide area and noncumulative number, and a probability density function was then used to convert this relationship to cumulative probability of landslide area. The exceedance probability of rainfall with different recurrence intervals was used to determine the temporal probability of those events. Finally, the landslide spatial probability, landslide area probability, and exceedance probability were integrated to estimate the annual probability of each slope-unit with a landslide area exceeding a certain threshold in a watershed. The slope-units with high landslide probability were concentrated in Taigang River watershed, which should be the leading target of future management efforts.
Coastal vulnerability assessment of Puducherry coast, India using analytical hierarchical process
Authors: Mani Murali R. , Ankita M. , Amrita S. , Vethamony P.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Increased frequency of natural hazards such as storm surge, tsunami and cyclone, as a consequence of change in global climate, is predicted to have dramatic effects on the coastal communities and ecosystems by virtue of the devastation they cause during and after their occurrence. The tsunami of December 2004 and the Thane cyclone of 2011 caused extensive human and economic losses along the coastline of Puducherry and Tamil Nadu. The devastation caused by these events highlighted the need for vulnerability assessment to ensure better understanding of the elements causing different hazards and to consequently minimize the after-effects of the future events. This paper advocates an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) based approach to coastal vulnerability studies as an improvement to the existing methodologies for vulnerability assessment. The paper also encourages the inclusion of socio-economic parameters along with the physical parameters to calculate the coastal vulnerability index using AHP derived weights. Seven physical-geological parameters (slope, geomorphology, elevation, shoreline change, sea level rise, significant wave height and tidal range) and four socio-economic factors (population, Land-use/Land-cover (LU/LC), roads and location of tourist places) are considered to measure the Physical Vulnerability Index (PVI) as well as the Socio-economic Vulnerability Index (SVI) of the Puducherry coast. Based on the weights and scores derived using AHP, vulnerability maps are prepared to demarcate areas with very low, medium and high vulnerability. A combination of PVI and SVI values are further utilized to compute the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI). Finally, the various coastal segments are grouped into the 3 vulnerability classes to obtain the final coastal vulnerability map. The entire coastal extent between Muthiapet and Kirumampakkam as well as the northern part of Kalapet is designated as the high vulnerability zone which constitutes 50% of the coastline. The region between the southern coastal extent of Kalapet and Lawspet is the medium vulnerability zone and the rest 25% is the low vulnerability zone. The results obtained, enable to identify and prioritize the more vulnerable areas of the region to further assist the government and the residing coastal communities in better coastal management and conservation.
Long-term monitoring programme of the hydrological variability in the Mediterranean Sea: a first overview of the HYDROCHANGES network
Authors: Schroeder K. , Millot C. , Bengara L. , Ben Ismail S. , Bensi M. , Borghini M. , Budillon G. , Cardin V. , Coppola L. , Curtil C. , Drago A. , El Moumni B. , Font J. , Fuda J. L. , García-Lafuente J. , Gasparini G. P. , Kontoyiannis H. , Lefevre D. , Puig P. , Raimbault P. , Rougier G. , Salat J. , Sammari C. , Sánchez Garrido J. C. , Sanchez-Roman A. , Sparnocchia S. , Tamburini C. , Taupier-Letage I. , Theocharis A. , Vargas-Yáñez M. , Vetrano A.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The long-term monitoring of basic hydrological parameters (temperature and salinity), collected as time series with adequate temporal resolution (i.e. with a sampling interval allowing the resolution of all important timescales) in key places of the Mediterranean Sea (straits and channels, zones of dense water formation, deep parts of the basins), constitute a priority in the context of global changes. This led CIESM (The Mediterranean Science Commission) to support, since 2002, the HYDROCHANGES programme (http//www.ciesm.org/marine/programs/hydrochanges.htm), a network of autonomous conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensors, deployed on mainly short and easily manageable subsurface moorings, within the core of a certain water mass. The HYDROCHANGES strategy is twofold and develops on different scales. To get information about long-term changes of hydrological characteristics, long time series are needed. But before these series are long enough they allow the detection of links between them at shorter timescales that may provide extremely valuable information about the functioning of the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of this paper is to present the history of the programme and the current set-up of the network (monitored sites, involved groups) as well as to provide for the first time an overview of all the time series collected under the HYDROCHANGES umbrella, discussing the results obtained thanks to the programme.
Re-construction
Authors: Devilat Bernadette
Published: March 2013

Re-construct: to build again. The necessary reconstruction process after an earthquake can be seen as an opportunity to improve previous conditions. All damaged buildings undergo a renovation process in which every piece is carefully returned to its original place. The photograph shows roof reconstruction work in San Pedro de Alcántara, a heritage area in the central valley of Chile, which was particularly affected by the 2010 earthquake.
Effect of Maize Stover Application as Soil Mulch on Yield of Arabica coffee (Coffee arabica L., Rubiaceae) at Western Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Bekeko Zelalem
Published: March 2013

An experiment was conducted during the dry seasons in western Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia at the Haramaya University Chiro Campus to determine the effect of maize stover as soil mulch on yield of Arabica coffee. Five levels of maize stover as soil mulch at a rate of: 0t/ha, 2t/ha, 4t/ha, 6t/ha and 8t/ha were applied in randomized complete block design with four replications from 2008 to 2011. Yield data was recorded during specific phenological stage of the plant. Result from the analysis of variance from the application of maize stover as soil mulch over years showed the presence of significant difference among treatments on bean yield of Arabica coffee. The highest bean yield (1070 kg/ha) and the lowest bean yield (520 kg/ha) were noted at 8 tons/ha and 0 ton/ha, respectively. Similarly, the pooled analysis of variance over seasons corroborated that the effect of maize stover as a soil mulch at a rate of 6t/ha and 8t/ha showed the presence of no significant difference on bean yield of coffee (p<0.05). The result of the present study also elucidated that, the unmulched control plots had the lowest coffee bean yield. While application of 8 tons/ha of maize stover as a soil mulch significantly increased coffee yield both in 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. Therefore, on the basis of these results, it can be concluded that applying maize stover as soil mulch during the dry seasons at west Hararghe can help to sustain Arabica coffee production. Thus, it is recommended that application of 8tons/ha maize stover as soil mulch can significantly increase the yield of Arabica coffee and sustains its productivity over years.
Fatores de risco cardiovascular em ingressantes do curso de educação física: comparação entre os sexos
Authors: Gasparotto Guilherme Da Silva , Gasparotto Lívia Pimenta Renó , Silva Michael Pereira da , Bontorin Maicon Siqueira , Lissa Marlene , Campos Wagner De
Published: March 2013

Objetivos: Comparar, entre sexos, fatores de risco cardiovascular de universitários ingressantes em Educação Física. Métodos: Analisaram-se, com t-Student, diferenças em tempo gasto com atividades físicas moderadas, vigorosas e na posição sentada, um dia semanal. Realizaram-se distribuições de frequência para variáveis: estado civil, classificação socioeconômica, tabagismo, etilismo, hábitos alimentares, atividade física, IMC, CC e pressão arterial. Analisaram-se diferentes proporções do nível de atividade física e fatores de risco cardiovascular entre os sexos, por teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, significância em p
Confiabilidade intra e interavaliador por fotogrametria para avaliação do ângulo poplíteo
Authors: Ribeiro Camila Lima , Martins Mateus Neiva , Amaro Lívia Lúcio De Mattos , Pinto Sávia Alves , Barbosa Alexandre Wesley Carvalho , De Souza Renato Aparecido , Oliveira Murilo Xavier
Published: March 2013

Introdução: Ângulos utilizados pela fotogrametria carecem de confiabilidade para uso rotineiro. Objetivo: Avaliar a confiabilidade inter e intra-avaliador da fotogrametria pelo software SAPO do ângulo poplíteo. Métodos: Participaram 20 voluntários. Realizaram-se três medidas goniométricas e fotografias tomadas do goniômetro e ângulo poplíteo (M1). Três avaliadores analisaram as fotografias pelo SAPO. As mensurações foram repetidas 48 h após M1 (M2), e os dados analisados pelo teste “t” pareado e independente, pelo coeficiente Pearson (r), pelo coeficiente de variação (CV) (reprodutibilidade relativa e absoluta, respectivamente) e a consistência pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC), com p