bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Well-Kill Calculation Model with Deep-Water Engineer’s Method
Authors: Zhi Zhang , Xiao Tai Ping , Fu Jian Hong
Published: December 2011

With the growing demand for oil and gas resources of China, exploration and development face more complex situation and there is an urgent need to move to (deeper than 1000m) deep sea oil and gas exploration and development. As the density window for safe drilling fluid is narrow, the mud line is in high pressure and low temperature environment, and the cycle pressure loss in choker line is larger and other characteristics, Well-kill calculation model with deep-water engineer’s method is disparate with that for land. To this end, combined with the special formation conditions in deep water well control and the characteristics of long choke line, on the basis of considering the impact of the friction of choker line, gas compressibility factor, temperature and other parameters on the casing pressure and stand-pipe pressure, well-kill pressure parameters (including stand-pipe pressure, casing pressure, maximum casing pressure, etc.) calculation model of deep-water engineer’s method is established to carry out example calculation, which has directive significance for on-site well-kill construction.
Chemical Threats Diagnosis Expert System (CTDES)
Authors: Alotaiby Fahad A. , Foda Salah G.
Published: December 2011

Chemical threats in open war fields or terrorist attacks are a serious possibility. Chemical leakage, mass destruction weapons and terrorism attacks are some sources of exposure to chemical agents. If a treatment procedure is implemented soon enough to patients exposed to chemical agents, the number of victims will certainly be reduced. Therefore, the need of an available expert who can diagnose the chemical agent and provides the proper treatment is of a paramount necessity. However, there is a lack for such experts. In this paper we introduce a rule-based expert system that diagnoses the patients and provides a decision mechanism to determine which chemical agent the patient has been exposed to. According to our knowledge, no expert system has been developed for this problem. We will demonstrate the characteristics and side effects of different types of chemical agents and we will choose the important and appropriate set of signs and side effects that construct our decision tree in order to build our knowledge base and inference rules. The CLIPS expert system is used to develop the knowledge-based system. We believe that the proposed expert system would provide a good assistant to medical teams especially in critical periods of time.
Machinability of Heat-Treated 356 and 319 Aluminum Alloys: Methodology for Data Processing and Calculation of Drilling Force and Moment
Authors: Tash Mahmoud M. , Samuel F.H , Alkahtani Saleh
Published: December 2011

Abstract Heat treated Al-Si-Mg and Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloys, belonging to the Al-Si alloy system and represented respectively by 356 and 319 alloys containing mainly α-Fe-intermetallic and related to hardness levels of (100±10 HB), were selected for the machinability study, due to the high demand of these alloys in the automobile industry In this paper, one was provided with an introduction to the force and moment calculations that were used to evaluate the drilling processes as are outlined in a previous work.[1] A new technique was developed whereby a low pass filter was incorporated in the signal processing algorithm which was used in calculating the mean cutting force and moment during the drilling processes. All signals were independently monitored, digitized and recorded into Lab View. Universal Kistler DynoWare software was used for force measurements and data processing of cutting force and moments. Matlab programs were developed for data processing and for calculating the mean value of cutting force and moment and their standard deviations in drilling tests. The raw cutting force data were analysed using the application of a low pass filter and following the detection of points within each cycle in the signal in the drilling tests. 1600 sample points per cycle were acquired for calculating the mean value of cutting feed force (Fz) and 1200 sample points per cycle for the other five components of force and moment (Fx, Fy, Mx, My, and Mz) in each signal (115 cycle or hole/signal) however, only 200 sample points per cycle were used for standard deviation or peak-to-valley calculations. The low Mg-content 319 alloys (0.1%) yielded the longest tool life, more than two times that of 356 alloys (0.3%Mg) and one and half times longer than the high Mg-content 319 alloys (0.28%). It is customary to rate the machinability of the 319 alloy higher than 356 one and the machinability of the low Mg-content 319 alloy higher than the high Mg-content one.
Determination for Enthalpies of Combustion of High-Carbon Fatty Alcohols by Static Bomb Calorimetry
Authors: Zhou Cai Rong , Li Guo Peng , Han Xue Wei , Jiang Deng Gao
Published: December 2011

The standard molar enthalpies of combustion, (298.15K), of high-carbon faaty alochols (tetradecanol, hexadecanol, stearyl alcohol) were obtained by a precise thermal isolation oxygen bomb calorimeter. The values obtained are, respectively, –(9126.39) kJ•mol-1, –(10446.15) kJ•mol-1, and –(11780.49) kJ•mol-1 for tetradecanol, hexadecanol, and stearyl alcohol. It was found that their standand molar enthlpies of combustion increase when the carbon number increases in the substances. There were also good agreement between the experimental and literature results for tetradecanol and tetradecanol. And the standard molar enthalpies of combustion of stearyl alcohol provided necessary thermodynamics basic data. Therefore, these data are available for the exploiting new synthesis method, engineering design and industry production on high-carbon alochols.
Design of Non-Isothermal T-Shaped Microreactors with Engulfment Flow by Using a Simplified Model
Authors: Wang Lin , Kawamura Shinya , Tonomura Osamu , Hasebe Shinji
Published: December 2011

T-shaped microreactors (T-MRs) with engulfment flow can increase product yield but their high driving pressure is a considerable concern to engineers. Thus, it is important to design a T-MR that can give maximum product yield within a limitation on driving pressure. The use of computational fluid dynamics model is not practical for optimal design of T-MRs due to its heavy computational load. In this research, an extended pseudo three-dimensional lamellar model (eP3DLAM) is proposed as a simple model of non-isothermal T-MRs to efficiently solve the optimal design problems. The usefulness of eP3DLAM is evaluated through a case study on T-MR design. The design result shows that eP3DLAM can accurately predict the concentration and temperature distributions in T-MRs and that the design period of T-MRs can be drastically reduced by using eP3DLAM.
The Effect of Nickel in Zinc Electrowinning
Authors: Xie Gang , Liu Zhi Dong , Yu Xiao Hua , Lu Ying
Published: December 2011

The effects of nickel ions on the cathode polarization process, kinetics equation and parameters in zinc electrowinning have been investigated in this paper. The results of the experiments show that when [Ni2+] ≤ 4 mg•L-1, the current density increases with increasing concentration of Ni2+ and limiting current of the passive point reach maximum, which indicates that the depolarization function of nickel in zinc electrowinning. And when [Ni2+] ≥ 4 mg•L-1, owing to the polarization function of nickel, electrowinning enters into stationary passive range at first and then enters into precipitation range because of the polarization function of nickel.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Gardenia Yellow from Fructus Gardeniae
Authors: Wang Xi Ping , Dong Sheng Xiong , Chen Feng
Published: December 2011

Gardenia yellow was extracted from fructus Gardeniae using water as extracting solvent by means of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). The effects of ratio of water to raw material, exaction time and temperature were investigated by single factor and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the optimal extraction parameters were the extraction temperature of 40°C, ratio of water to raw material of 6:1, and time of 40 min. Under the conditions, the yield of gardenia yellow was 95.15% and the OD value was 1.51. The ratio of water to raw material had the most prominent effect on the process of UAE, followed by the time and then the temperature according to the statistical analysis of orthogonal experiments. Compared with traditional methods, UAE showed a better effect on the extraction efficiency of gardenia yellow from fructus Gardeniae at lower temperature as well as in a shorter time with higher yield when using water instead of organic solvents as extracting solvent.
Function Component Concentration Profile-The Key Factor for the Modified Single Base Gun Propellant
Authors: Liu Bo , Wang Qiong Lin , Liu Shao Wu , Yu Hui Fang , Wang Feng , Zhang Yuan Bo , Zheng Shuang
Published: December 2011

A new generation of gun propellant, named Modified Single Base Propellant (MSBP), was successfully studied recently. The MSBP was prepared from single base propellant grain by impregnation with blasting oil, followed by deterring with deterrent in water medium. The function components in this propellant were nitroglycerine (NG) and polymer ester (NA). The concentration profiles of them were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Microspectroscopy. The combustion performance of this propellant was investigated by means of closed-bomb tests and interior ballistic tests. It is found that the concentration profile of the function component is the key factor in MSBP. The static combustion performance and the characteristic of the interior ballistic are dependent on the concentration profile of function component.
An Improved Chronoamperometry for Electrochemical Real-Time PCR Measurement
Authors: Chen Xu Hai , Du Min
Published: December 2011

Electrochemical real-time PCR (EC-rtPCR) overcomes several shortcomings of fluorescence-based real-time PCR. But traditional electrochemical method has some limitations which reduce the accuracy and efficiency of testing. To overcome the disadvantages of chronoamperometry (CA) we report a novel electrochemical method where a peak current is quickly generated for the current vs. time curve by changing the waveform of voltage excitation in the working electrode. In particular, we derived a mathematical model to illustrate the principle of this method and it can also be used to demonstrate that the peak current is linear with regards to the concentration of the target substance. Moreover, we developed a device with an improved electrochemical circuit to generate the voltage excitation and detect the peak automatically. Finally, the device was used to study the electrochemical behavior of K3[Fe(CN)6]. It’s shown that the method has a better signal to noise ratio and higher sensitivity than chronoamperometry. The obtained peak current is linear with regards to the concentration of the target substance.
Synthesis and Characterization of Iso E Super®
Authors: Zhu Yue Lin , Wang Ji Ne , Xiong Chang Jian
Published: December 2011

A three-step route was used in the study to synthesize the Iso E Super®. Firstly, acetaldehyde was reacted with butanone to obtain 3-methyl-3pentene-2-one, which, in turn, was reacted with myrcene to form a subsitiuted acyl cyclohexene. Finally, the so called Diels-Alder adduct was cyclized. The structure of the products was confirmed by NMR, IR, GC-MS and Roman analysis. The method used has the advantages of readily availability of starting materials, mild reaction conditions, convenient manipulation and moderately high yields, so it has a promising prospect in industrial production
Study on Dephosphorization Technologies in Converter with Semi-Steel
Authors: Zeng Jian Hua , He Wei , Chen Yong , Pan Hong
Published: December 2011

Because of disadvantages of converter steelmaking with semi-steel in Panzhihua Steel, such as slow-footed slag forming, low rate of dephosphorization, high rate of rephosphorization after converter smelting, studies on increasing dephosphorization rate have been carried out. These studies comprise the optimization of slagging process, oxygen supply, bottom argon supply, end-point control of converter smelting, and so on. With these countermeasures, the rate of dephosphorization has been increased obviously. The results show that the average rate of dephosphorization is above 90% with single-slag process during converter smelting. Otherwise, content of phosphorus at the end-point of converter smelting can be controlled below 0.007%, and rephosphorization rate after converter smelting can be controlled below 0.003%, which meets the requirement of [P]≤0.010% for steel products.
Control for Surface Faint-Sliver Defects in Cold-Rolled IF Steel Sheet
Authors: Chen Yong , Zeng Jian Hua , Wu Guo Rong
Published: December 2011

The samples of cold-rolled sheets, hot-rolled plates and continuously cast slabs have been analyzed with the condition of faint-sliver defects appeared in IF steel of Pangang, and it was shown that faint-sliver defects in cold-rolled steel sheet were mainly caused by micro-cracks in the surface of strands, slag entrapment in mold during casting and inclusions in sub-surface of strand. Faint-sliver defects were controlled effectively with the technical measures, which were decreasing oxidation of ladle slag, controlling the ratio of CaO/Al2O3 in slag, extending circulation time of deoxidization and alloying in RH process, controlling the casting speed and increasing the viscosity of mold fluxes. Therefore, the ratio of downgrade induced by faint-sliver defects reduced from 10.97% to 1.0%.
Complex Resistivity Method and its Application in Mineral Resource Exploration
Authors: Tang Xin Gong , Xie Xing Bing , Yan Liang Jun
Published: December 2011

Complex resistivity (CR) is one of an electromagnetic method which plays an important role in the exploration of oil and gas, underground water as well as solid mineral resources in recent years. Nowadays China is under fast developing and there is still a big gap between the supply and demand of mineral resources. As an effective controlled source electromagnetic method, CR method can be easily used to judge the content of resources, determine the target reservoir and select a favorable drilling area. In this paper, an introduction to CR method and its application in copper mine exploration in west China is present. The result shows that CR is an effective electromagnetic method in the exploration of deep mineral resources.
Progress in Synthesis of Micro- and Mesoporous Composite Molecular Sieve
Authors: Wu Wen Yuan , Shi Chun Wei , Bian Xue
Published: December 2011

Micro- and mesoporous composite molecular sieves enable to achieve grades distribution of pore sizes and appropriate collocation of acidity,which have potential applications in catalysis and adsorption of large molecules.This review focus on some of the most recent results during the last decades.The techniques applied to synthesize different micro-mesoporous composite molecular sieves includes single template, dual template, crystallization of mesoporous walls, alkaline desilication, vapor-phase transport synthesis,and microwave radiation hydrothermal synthesis.
Study on Chromaticity Variation Relationships of Rosin under High Temperature Treatment
Authors: Gu Yan , Chen Yu Xiang , Zhao Zhen Dong , Guo Chang Tai , Li Dong Mei , Bi Liang Wu
Published: December 2011

The color-lightening of rosin was achieved to give light-colored and qualified rosin that was improved at the optimal conditions for 4 Gardner color grades, while rosin was treated at 180 ~ 270 °C for 1 ~ 4 h in inert gases. The color of rosin was deepened slightly at the initial, and then gradual lightened with the increase of treating temperature. The best color-lightening effect was observed from Pinus massoniana rosin. The acid number and softening point of rosin tended to decrease both accompanying with the color-lightening. According to a general consideration on main requirements such as color, acid number, softening point and the others, the suitable treating conditions for rosin color-lightening were suggested to be as temperature 240 ~ 260 °C and time 1 ~ 3 h.
The Coal Chemical Industry and Technology Innovation Service System Research Review
Authors: Si Xun Lian , Song Shu Xia
Published: December 2011

The vaporization and liquefied coal has important value to answer oil crisis for us, in technological chain support ,The coal chemical industry chain extension dependent on coal chemical industry innovation service system construction. In this paper,the author settled the coal chemical industry and technological innovation service system construction of research and development present situation, puts forward a ultimate extension of the technological chain is mature coal gasification technology, in industry chain the core industry is coal gas industry in the future,While improving the coal chemical industry innovation service system can effectively support technological chain the realization of the goal technique, also can promote the formation of the core industry chain.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Novel Composite Modified Starch
Authors: Li He Ping , Lv Hu Qiang , Zhang Yao , Yang Yong Zhe
Published: December 2011

In the normal pressure and presence of catalyst, a novel composite modified starch or functional surfactant was synthesized by using the cassava starch as the main feedstock through the alkalization, etherification and oxidation etc.. The degree of substitution was up to 1.21. Based on the orthogonal experiment and computer-aid methods, the optimum conditions were resulted as follows: the mass fractions(vs. dry starch) of chloroacetic acid, catalyst and oxidant were 32%, 0.01% and 1.14% respectively, and the reaction temperature of etherification was at 50°C for 4.1h. The structural characterization of the composite modified starch was determined by IR and X-ray diffraction.
Synthesis of Poly(Octylacrylamide/Acrylic acid/Methyl methacrylate/Butylaminoethyl methacrylate/Hydroxypropyl methacrylate) and the Physical Properties of the Copolymer Films
Authors: Zhu Jie , Xiao Weng Fa , Dong Li Tao , Teng Fei
Published: December 2011

the copolymer which as a hair fixing compositions was synthesized by using octyl-acrylamide,acrylicacid,methylmethacrylate,butylaminoethyl-methacrylate,hydroxypropyl methacrylate as monomers, and ammonium persulfate as initiator.The copolymer was charactered by IR .The tensile test and the elasticlty test were used to character the physical properties of the films of the copolymer which showed that the film had revealed excellent features such as sufficient strength and elasticity.
Preparation, Spectral Characterization and Crystal Structure 2-Acetyl-2'-Methoxylacetanilide
Authors: Wang Li Hua
Published: December 2011

2-Acetyl-2'-methoxylacetanilide has been synthesized by the reaction of 2-methoxylaniline and ethyl acetoacetate in toluene solution. The compound was characterized by MS, Infrared spectrum, 1HNMR and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The results show that the compound is target product. The crystal data for 2-acetyl-2'-methoxylacetanilide: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, Mr= 207.22, De = 1.309 g/cm3, F (000) = 440, R = 0.0826 and wR = 0.1822. The complex forms layered structure through ••• stacking interaction.
Improve the Synthesis of (S)-1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol
Authors: Qiu Fei , Wei Lin , Lu Chen Yi
Published: December 2011

The synthesis of (S)-1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol is described. Starting from L-malic acid and benzylamine, we improved the synthesis of (S)-1-benzyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-2, 5-dione via melting reaction, without using any solvent. Followed by reduction with sodium borohydride-iodine in tetrahydrofuran, we synthesized the target compound. We used IR spectra to study the process of the reduction and modified the reaction conditions. It is the first time we reported (S)-1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol-borane which is the intermediate of the reduction with sodium borohydride-iodine system, and its spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 11B NMR, MS spectroscopy).
Surface Modiﬁcation of Carbon Electrodes for Supercapacitor Using Ammonia Water
Authors: Wang Ren Qing , Deng Mei Gen
Published: December 2011

In this work, activated carbon was modiﬁed by ammonia water. Cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge were used to characterize the electrochemical performance of the samples in 1.0 mol/L Et4NBF4-PC solution. As a result, optimal conditions for surface modiﬁcation of activated carbon have been examined as an ammonia solution concentration of 5wt.%. Speciﬁc capacitance can be improved signiﬁcantly by surface modiﬁcation of carbon materials. The specific capacitance of the carbon modified with 5.0wt.% ammonia water reached 114 F/g at a current density of 3.0 mA/cm2, which is 14% higher than that of untreated sample. In addition, the modiﬁed carbon materials possess excellent power performance.
Chemical Synthesis and the Stability of Theanine
Authors: Zhang Zheng Zhu , Yan Shou He , Li Da Xiang , Ling Tie Jun , Meurens Marc , Larondelle Yvan
Published: December 2011

A chemical synthesis procedure for theanine from L-pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid (L-PCA) and ethylamine was modified. L-PCA was allowed to react with excess anhydrous ethylamine (>99%) to produce theanine at 35°C for 10 days. The theanine crystallized from 84% ethanol (V/V) at 4°C with yield of 17-30%. Results shown that L-PCA was conversed into theanine and a 98.2% yield of theanine was obtained by freeze-drying of the reacted mixture directly after reaction in the same manner. The synthesized products were identified by 1H-NMR and MS analysis. Both the isomers existed in products while the L-theanine was dominant. When 10% L-PCA aqueous solution was kept at 4°C for 60 days, about 13% L-PCA decomposed to yield glutamic acid. Since the aqueous solution of ethylamine is a kind of strong base, which may result in decomposed of L-PCA and L-theanine to form glutamic acid. Therefore, the anhydrous ethylamine was used as the substrate. The optimal conditions for theanine crystallization were also discussed.
Study on Synthesis and Application of Methylmethoxyphosphonate Aluminum
Authors: Yu Qing , Li Xin Jin , Wang Zhong Wei
Published: December 2011

A novel flame retardant of methylmethoxyphosphonate aluminium (MMPA) was synthesized via the reaction of anhydrous aluminum chloride and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The effects of introducing order of reactants, reaction time and washing agents were investigated to get pure target compound with higher yields.Application experiments indicates that MMPA is an effective flame retardant for PBT, especially when it is used in intumescent flame retardant（IFR） systems. When the composition of IFR is 20% wt., the limited oxygen index(LOI) value of the IFR-PBT is 30 and can pass the UL94 V-0 test.
Study on Separation Technology of Lead and Silver from Bulk Concentrate
Authors: Yu Xiao Hua , Li Yong Gang , Yang Da Jin , Shi Zhe , Wang Ji Kun , Xie Gang
Published: December 2011

A laboratory-scale method for treating bulk concentrate for reclaiming lead and silver was developed utilizing new hydrometallurgical technology as an alternative to the traditional pyrometallurgical processing. The condition experiments of every chief segment in the whole flowsheet have been systematically investigated, and then the whole hydrometallurgical processing flowsheet was determined. The main contents are followed as: Bulk concentrate was treated using pressure leaching in autoclave, the optimal leaching conditions were determined. The elemental sulphur was deprived from the pressure leaching residue using flotation-distillation. Carbonate conversion -silicofluoric acid leaching on flotation gangue containing lead sulfate using hydrometallurgy was carried. And Leaching silver using thiourea from the residue was carried after extracting lead. Through the whole hydrometallurgy flowsheet, the reclaiming of lead and silver was actualized.
Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Hydrazine in Environmental Water Samples
Authors: Yu Lan , Zhang Xin Shen , Yu Ling Yun
Published: December 2011

A simple, accurate, sensitive and selective flow injection spectrophotometric method for rapid determination of amounts of hydrazine was proposed in this paper, which was based on p-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde (pDAB) reacts with hydrazine originating aldazine. The resulting yellow colored product is stable in acidic medium and has a maximum absorption at 460 nm. Upon the optimal condition, the absorption intensity linearly increased with the concentration of hydrazine in the range from 2.0–100.0μgL-1 and 100.0–1500.0μgL−1 with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.998(n=11) and and R2=0.9997(n=11), respectively. The experimental detection limit of 0.016μg L-1. The sampling frequency is 24 samples h-1 and the relative standard deviation was 0.38% for 0.1mg L-1. This method is suitable for automatic and continuous analysis, and successfully applied to determine the content of hydrazine in river water, pond water and waste water.
Comparative Research on Aroma from Mango Juice Extracted by Different Methods
Authors: Yan Dong Mei , Yu Lian
Published: December 2011

Aroma was extracted from fresh Mango juice by solvent extraction, simultaneous distilled extraction and solid phase micro-extraction. The chemical components of aroma were analyzed by GC-MS and check up, compared carefully. The results show that the ingredients and contents of the aroma obtained by these different ways are different. The main chemical components that were extracted by solvent extraction are Terpinolen(73.65%), Ocimen(6.46%), beta-Pinene (3.2%), Limonene(2.4%); that by simultaneous distilled extraction are Terpinolen(81.77%),Ocimene (5.79%), Limonene(2.68%), 3-Caren(2.21%); that by solid phase micro-extraction are Terpinolen(82.09%), 3-Caren(5.21%), Limonene(4.35%), Ocimene (3.47%).
Study on Application of Organo-Silicon in Papermaking Industry
Authors: Ma Yong Sheng , Sun Xian Hui
Published: December 2011

Organosilicon compound are widely used in pulping and papermaking industry. The quality and capability of paper sheet are distinctly affected by the use of organosilicon. The application of organosilicon used as softening agent, defoamer agent, strengthening agent were introduced one by one in this paper.
Application of Response Surface Methodology to Optimise Preparation High Antioxidant Activity Product from Pinctada fucata Muscle
Authors: Wu Yan Yan , Li Lai Hao , Duan Zhen Hua , Yang Xian Qing , Shang Jun , Chen Sheng Jun
Published: December 2011

The high antioxidant activity product was isolated from Pinctada fucata muscle by a method of Alcalase hydrolysis. Optimization using response surface methodology was performed and 3D response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical model. The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: pH 7.0, temperature 61°C, E/S 3.01%, hydrolysis time 3h, under the conditions of hydrolysis products of the DPPH radical scavenging rate of 67.3% and the degree of hydrolysis of 31.2%, which was in good agreement with the predicted model value.
Analysis and Assessment of Food Traceability Status in China
Authors: Liu Li Mei , Qian Heng , Gao Yong Chao , Wang Ding
Published: December 2011

Food traceability is a support tool for preventing and improving food safety problems. The purpose of food traceability is to collect the flow and transformation information of food-related materials in the food chains. When faced with a food safety crisis, we can find the source of the problem and track the flow of products from the information, and effectively carry out food recalls. In this paper, the status of food traceability in China is deeply analyzed from the laws, regulations, standards, traceability techniques and systems construction, and validity of internal and external traceability in food chains is assessed retrospectively. Then some recommendations for the further development of China's food traceability are proposed.
Adsorption and Release of rhbFGF from the Mesoporous Molecular SBA-15 In Vitro
Authors: Song Yu , Sun Li Wei , Jiang Rui , Feng Kai , Ma Rui , Chen Xue Nan
Published: December 2011

A mesoporous molecular SBA-15 was synthesized using Pluronics P123 (PEO20PPO70PEO20) as a structure-directing agent and TEOS as the silica source under acidic condition, and the structure of SBA-15 was determined by X-ray powder diffractometer and N2 adsorption desorption. As it has been reported that siliceous SBA-15 adsorbents can have a very high affinity and capacity for proteins, the recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) which is a kind of unstable protein was adsorpted by SBA-15, then the properties of SBA-15/bFGF complex were studied. The results had shown that the adsorption rate of rhbFGF by SBA - 15 reached 69.31% in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer at 4 °C. After 14 days, the released rate of rhbFGF from SBA-15 was 41.40% and 43.51% respectively in pH 10 phosphate buffer at 4 °C and 25 °C. Furthermore, the proliferation activity on NIH3T3 cells of the released rhbFGF still can be detected by MTT assay. Therefore, SBA-15 is possible to be used as a kind of material for bFGF adsorption and releasion.
Effect of Xylanase Modification on Pulp and Paper Properties of Masson Pine Mechanical Pulp
Authors: Luo Qing , Li Xin Ping , Liu Ye , Liu Jun Hua
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the effects of xylanase modification on pulp and paper properties of masson pine mechanical pulp were investigated. After the modification, the Zeta potential of pulp and the cationic demand of whitewater increased，the drainage property of the pulp increased obviously. At the same time, the amount of shives decreased, it showed that using bio-enzyme could improve the utilization rate of raw materials as well as reduces the energy consumption of the mechanical pulp. On the other hand, xylanase modification had great effect on the dynamic contact angle, with the dosage of xylanase increased, the contact angle of the pulp first increased and then reduced.
Purification of Soyasaponin with Macroporous Resin
Authors: Li Tuo Ping , Li Su Hong , Fu Wei Na , Sun Yang , Jia You Feng , Zhao Zhong Sheng , Zhu Ru Gang
Published: December 2011

The conditions for purification of soyasaponin by macroporous resin adsorption strategies were analyzed. The results showed that macroporous resin D3520 was a suitable resin for the purification of soyasaponin. Static adsorption assay showed that 20:1 (w/w) D3520/soyasaponin at 40 oC for 2h adsorption were optimal for soyasaponin purification. In the column chromatography, 0.5BV (bed volume)/h flow rate would be suitable to reach higher purity of near 90 % soyasaponin.
Gel Properties of k-Carrageenan-Konjac Gum Mixed Gel and their Influence Factors
Authors: Wei Yu , Wang Yuan Lan , He Xin Jian
Published: December 2011

In order to verify the properties of Konjac-κ-Carrageenan mixed gel, some effects were studied in this paper, including κ-Carrageenan-Konjac on their mixtures viscosity, temperature, heating time, concentration, storage temperature and time, KCl, CaCl2 and NaCl concentration in storage condition. The results showed that great synergism interaction existed among κ-Carrageenan and Konjac gum (such as viscosity and strength) for the action of molecular power. Moreover, the suitable conditions of gelation formation were mixed gel concentration 1.0%, 80°C water for 30 minutes, and then at room temperature for 6h, storage temperature (refrigeration, -5～18°C), KCl concentration 0.1%, CaCl2 concentration 0.1%～0.4% and NaCl concentration 0.6%～0.8%. These results could be theoretical reference for mixed gel application in food industry.
Electrospun Poly(Styrene-co-maleic anhydride) Nanofibers for β-D-Galactosidase Immobilization and Enzymatic Transgalactosylation
Authors: Li Peng Ju , Zhang Yu Fei , Zhang Song Ping , Wang Ping , Wang Min
Published: December 2011

Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) nanofibers with a uniform diameter of about 400 nm were prepared by eletrospinning a solution containing 50 % (w/v) polymer and 1% (w/v) LiCl, 25 cm gap between jection needle tip and collector, a flow rate of 200 L/h, and an applied voltage of 24 kV. β-D-galactosidase was immobilized to the electrospun nanofibers and subsequently used for synthesizing hexyl-galactoside, an important nonionic surfactants, by catalyzing the transgalactosylation reaction between hexanol and lactose. Co-electrospun LiCl was found leading to a significant enhancement in the enzyme loading and activity of the immobilized β-D-galactosidase compared to nanofiber without LiCl. After 7 reusing cycles at 37oC, the immobilized enzyme retained about 33% of its original activity.
The Study on the Antioxidative Activity of Resveratrol in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone/8 (SAMP8)
Authors: Liu Gui Shan , Zhang Ze Sheng , Yang Bo , He Wei
Published: December 2011

In the present study, we examined resveratrol(RES)extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum on antioxidative effects in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM). We fed resveratrol to young adult SAM mice at doses of 25,50,100mg/(kg•bw) in their standard powder diet for 8-week. The body weight, organ weights and oxidation products of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver of the SAM were determined. The results showed that the SAM mice were no dose-related change in either body weight or organ weights, the amount of MDA declined distinctly in the mouse liver. In conclusion, resveratrol may have an antioxidant effect.
Kinetics of Impinging Streams Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Fan Qing Chun , Wu Tian , He Guang Wei , Duan Fei Hong
Published: December 2011

This study is focused on the effects of the amount of initiator (potassium persulfate, KPS), monomer (styrene, St), emulsifiers, and temperature on the rate of polymerization. The experiment results show that the rate of polymerization is: Rp=K[KPS]1.374[St]1.479[S]0.875, and the apparent activation energy of polymerization is 94.64 kJ/mol.
Synergistic Effect between Cellulase and Xylanase Acting on Alkaline Pretreated Rice Straw
Authors: Zou Shui Yang , Shao You Yuan
Published: December 2011

An experiment was carried out using rice straw pretreated with 2% diluted NaOH at 28 °C for 24 h followed by a combination of commercial reagents of xylanase (Pentopan) and cellulase (Primafast 200), with the latter either purified by affinity adsorption or unpurified, for enzymatic saccharification of the pretreated rice straw. Significant synergistic effects of the enzyme combinations were observed in the released amounts of reducing sugar, glucose and xylose at a lower loading of purified Primafast 200. The synergy was shown to be the result of interaction between cellulase and xylanase. Moreover, the enzymatic performance of unpurified Primafast 200 can be also improved by the addition of Pentopan, with greater synergistic effect at 50 °C rather than at 40 °C. Sugars released by mixed enzymes treatment were more than that using unpurified Primafast 200 alone in the whole hydrolysis course, however, the hydrolysis rate superiority of mixed enzymes was mainly observed during the first 6 hours. Application of the synergistic effect between cellulase and xylanase can improve the hydrolysis efficiency and reduce the cost of enzymatic saccharification of mild alkaline pretreated rice straw.
Biosynthesis of Adenine Arabinoside by Whole Cells of Enterobacter aerogenes HXY2222
Authors: Feng Kui , Cui Li
Published: December 2011

Adenine Arabinoside were prepared from Ara-U and adenine using whole cells of Enterobacter aerogenes HXY2222. After incubated for 16h, 10% wet cells was added to the reaction mixture, containing 10mM AraU and adenine. The transarabinosylation reaction was carried out at 60°C, in pH 7.5 phosphate buffer, for 30h, and the yield was achieved 83%, based on the molar ratio of both substrates. When the reaction was carried out with 30mM AraU and adenine, the yield of AraA droped significantly due to the low solubility of adeine. 20%~25% (v/v) DMSO were added into the reaction mixture, and a yield of 77% was achieved.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene/polystyrene Blends
Authors: Sang Xiao Ming , Zhang Lei , Wang Run Zeng , Chen Xing Gang , An Man , Shen Yi
Published: December 2011

The styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene/polystyrene (SEBS/PS) blends were prepared by melt blending. The mechanical properties of PS/SEBS blends were influenced by the increase of SEBS contents. When the content of SEBS increased to 13 wt%, the impact strength of SEBS/PS blends boosted the maximum value. Young’s modulus and tensile strength of SEBS/PS blends decreased with the increase of SEBS. The fracture surfaces obtained during Izod impact resistance tests were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the number of particles of SEBS dispersed in PS matrix. The diameters of particles of SEBS were about 1.5-3 µm. SEBS/PS blends absorbed more energy than pure PS during impact resistance tests.
Study on the Preparation and Amplification Experiment of Al-Pillared Montmorillonite
Authors: Chen Gang , Yan Chun Jie , Shou Jin Feng , Mei Juan , Chen Nan Nan
Published: December 2011

A method of preparation and pilot scale production of Al-pillared montmorillonite has been developed. There is a minimum of time and amount of liquid. And it is simpler to operate than the conventional method of pillaring by using the commercial aluminium hydroxychloride(PAC) powder as the pillaring agent. Here, the effect of the major factors such as the mass ratio of PAC to montmorillonite, the concentration of montmorillonite slurry, the sodium agent pretreatment, washing times and drying temperature on the Al-pillared montmorillonite are studied. Then the optimal technical parameters is determined. XRD, BET surface area and micropore volume are applied in order to study the structure and properties of Al-pillared montmorillonite. As a result, the amplification experiment under the optimum conditions shows that this method offers the potential for extension to an industrial-scale process.
Isolation of Grifolan Synthase (GS) and its Partly Enzymatic Properties
Authors: Wang Wei Guo , Li Peng , Cui Yu Jia , Zhao Yong Liang , Gu Ya Nan
Published: December 2011

Abstract: Purpose To search for an isolation method of grifolan synthase, and research grifolan synthase partly enzymatic properties. Methods Taking Grifola frondosa as material, the mycelium was broken by ultrasonic, and then centrifugated, the supernatant was collected, GS was precipitated by different concentrations of ethanol, ammonium sulfate and acetone, the suitable isolation method of GS was researched out by taking enzyme activity and protein content as parameters. Reducing sugar, protein content and total sugar content were determined respectively by using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, Coomassie brilliant blue method and phenol-sulfuric acid method. Taking glucose as substrate, GS activity was reflected by the consumption of glucose. Consumption of glucose was measured by DNS method. The optimal temperature and pH of GS enzyme reaction was determined by carrying out the enzyme assay at different temperatures and pH levels.The acid-base stability of GS was determined by subjecting GS to different pH levels for 60 minutes, and the heat stability of GS was determined by subjecting GS to different temperatures for 30 minutes. The direction of GS enzymatic reaction was determined by measuring the consumption of β-glucan in 1 minute. The possibility of GS existing extracellular was judged by determining GS activity in extracellular fermentation liquor. Results The proper isolation method of GS is that the mycelium was collected from fermentation liquor and broken by ultrasonic for 1min, then centrifugated at 5000rpm for 10 minutes and a supernatant was collected. Ammonium sulfate was added to the concentration of 60%, and then centrifugated at 12000rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C, the pellets was collected as GS crude enzyme. Using this method, 93.86mg of crude enzyme which enzyme activity was 5700U/mg was obtained from 100g mycelium with moisture content of 87.28%, extraction rate of crude enzyme was 0.7379%. The optimum pH of GS enzyme reaction was pH=5.0 and the optimum temperature was 15°C, GS was most stable at pH=5.0 and in the range of 30 °C to 50 °C. Just 0.6996μg β-glucan was hydrolyzed in 1 minute by GS which can actually consume 5700μg glucose per minute in the synthetic reaction of β-glucan, considering the error in actual measurement, it can be considered that GS is a one-way enzyme that it can only catalyze the synthesis of β-glucan. GS activity in extracellular Grifola frondosa fermentation liquor was -0.1875U/ml, indicating that GS is one kind of intracellular enzyme and without GS activity in fermentation liquor or extracellular. Conclusion An isolation method of grifolan synthase form the mycelium of Grifola frondosa was researched out, and grifolan synthase partly enzymatic properties were studied in this paper. It can lay the foundation for the further study on the structure and function of GS and grifolan production.
The Variation of Bioactive Components in Rosemary Extracts by Adding Organic Acid Synergists
Authors: Li Da Wei , Bi Liang Wu , Zhao Zhen Dong , Li Dong Mei , Gu Yan , Wang Jing , Liu Xian Zhang
Published: December 2011

A study to track and detect the variation of bioactive components in rosemary extraction solution and extracts, by adding organic acid synergists, such as citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid, was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ultrasound was also used to increase the extraction efficiency, improve the yields of rosemary extracts and shorten the extraction time. The experimental results showed that the content of the key bioactive component carnosic acid was easier to reduce during the storage of extraction solution and extracts, meanwhile, adding citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid during the extraction could actually slow down the trend of the reduction of the bioactive components, especially for carnosic acid.
Study on the Synthesis and Properties of Water-Soluble Chitosan Grafted Copolymer
Authors: Lai Shui Li , Yang Ning , Chai Qiang
Published: December 2011

Grafted chitosan(CTS) copolymer was synthesized by the aqueous solution polymerization method, using the ammonium persulfate as initiator graft, Acrylamide（AM）and methacrylamide trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DMC) as the grafted monomer. The effects of reaction conditions on grafted copolymerization were studied. When the deacetylation degree of chitosan as raw material is 86%, the optimum reaction to produce CTS -AM-DMC ternary graft copolymers by first AM and then DMC sequence were obtained at [initiator] 0.08%, 50°Cand 3.5h.The structure of CTS-AM-DMC was characterized by FTIR and XRD. When the dosage of synthetic product is 0.3mg/L, the effect of flocculation on the papermaking wastewater is obvious better, which can make the light transmission up to 99%, and CODCr to 9mg/L.
Function Analysis of Luciferase Reporter Plasmid with AQP1 Gene Promoter
Authors: Jiang Yong , Sun Zhe , Zhang Tong Cun
Published: December 2011

The aquaporins (AQP) are a family of homologous water transporting proteins that are expressed in many epithelial, endothelial and other tissues. Myocardin is important for SMC differentiation, but its precise role in regulating the initiation of AQP1 transcription activity is less clear. Function analysis of AQP1 promoter luciferase reporter plasmid will provide the theory basis for researching the function of transcription activity. In this study, the rat and human myocardin promoter luciferase reporter construct were successfully constructed. Then to determine whether AQP1 transcription activity were regulated by myocardin, luciferase repoeter assays were performed in COS-7 cells. The results illustrated that myocardin significantly activated rat and human AQP1 promoter. AQP1 promoter transactivity was inhibited by △Q. The present study provided the first evidence that myocardin may have an influence on the expression of AQP1 and reveal a basis of the mechanism transcriptional regulation of AQP1.
Effect of Germination on Physicochemical, Morphological and Rheological Properties of Rice Starch from Germ-Remaining Polished Rice
Authors: Liu Yong Le , Li Xiang Hong , Yu Jian , Wang Fa Xiang , Wang Jian Hui
Published: December 2011

The effects of germination on physicochemical, morphological and rheological properties of rice starch from germ-remaining polished rice (GRPR) have been investigated. The properties of starches from raw GRPR, brown rice and germinated brown rice were also characterized as the comparison. The results showed that a decrease in amylose content was observed after germination and the amylose content of germinated GRPR was lower than that of germinated brown rice. Scanning electron microscopy did not reveal any distinct difference in the appearance of the starches except some slight alteration of the starch granule edges. Rheological investigation illustrated that the starches of GPRG with lower amylose content showed lower peak G’ in the four rice samples.
Synthesis of a New Chiral Selector Base on Pracoterol for Chiral Stationary Phase
Authors: Zhang Yi Wen , Zeng Hao , Yao Shun , Song Hang
Published: December 2011

According to the chiral resolution mechanism and structures of Pirkle’s chiral stationary phase (CSP), a new amide chiral selector base on pracoterol has been prepared in this thesis. In order to get a better yield, all the conditions and purification conditions of the reactions were investigated, and the key products were characterized by HPLC, FT-IR and 1H NMR. This chiral selector may be developed as chiral selector of CSP.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Poly (aryl ether sulfone ketone) S Containing M-Sulfonylbenzonyl Linkage in the Main Chains
Authors: Ding Feng , Wang Da Zhi , Zhang Shao Yin , Liu Tian Xing
Published: December 2011

A low expense chloro-monomer, 1-(4'-chloro-1-benzoyl)-3-(4'-1-choro-benzene sulfonyl)-benzene(CBCBSB), was synthesized by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of m-chlorosu1fonyl benzoyl chloride with chlorobenzene. A novel poly (aryl ether sulfone ketone)s (PAESK) containing m-sulfonylbenzoyl linkages in the main chains were prepared by copolycondensation of CBCBSB with hydroquinone in N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The structure of PAESK was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and characterized by XRD. thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) were carried out to demonstrate its good melt processability. The polymer exhibited the better solubility in chloroform, N-methyl-2-pyrrlidone(NMP), dimethylacetamide(DMAC), dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and excellent mechanical performance.
Synthesis of 3-Methyl-1-[2-(1-Piperidiny) Phenyl]-butyl Amine
Authors: Liu Hui Xian , Huang Dao Wei , Zhang Yue
Published: December 2011

3-Methyl-1-[2-(1-piperidiny) phenyl]-butyl amine (1) is an important intermediate for synthesis of Repaglinide, a well-known oral medicine for diabetes. It has been reported that 1 could be obtained from o-flurobenzaldehyde undergoing Grignard reaction, oxidition, piperidine substitution, oximation and reduction. In the process of reduction, the oximate 3-methyl-1-[2-(1-piperidiny) phenyl]-butyl oxime (6) was reduced by NiCl2-NaBH4 with many impurities, difficult workup, low yield and a lot of environmental problems. Herein the environmental friendly catalytic hydrogenation with simple work-up was developed and the yield was of 95.5%. The structure of 1 has been confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR.