bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation of ultrastrong-coupling regime in the Fabry–Pérot microcavities made of metal mirrors containing Lemke dye
Authors: Suzuki Makoto , Nishiyama Kouichi , Kani Nobutaka , Yu Xinping , Uzumi Keiji , Funahashi Masahiro , Shimokawa Fusao , Nakanishi Shunsuke , Tsurumachi Noriaki
Published: May 2019

We investigate the transmission properties of Fabry–Pérot microcavities made of metal mirrors containing the organic dye molecule, generally called Lemke. We synthesized Lemke dye and fabricated the microcavities by using simple vacuum evaporation and spin-coating methods. The vacuum Rabi splitting energy increases in proportion to the square root of the absorption coefficient of the cavity layers and exceeds 1 eV at maximum. The ratio of the vacuum Rabi splitting energy to the matter transition energy reaches 0.42, so we consider that the ultrastrong-coupling regime was attained. The dispersion relation is reasonably interpreted by using the full Hopfield Hamiltonian.
Highly responsive graphene phototransistor for visible light enhanced by poly(3-hexylthiophene)
Authors: Yongli Che , Xiaolong Cao , Yating Zhang , Jianquan Yao
Published: May 2019

A low-cost phototransistor using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a graphene hybrid channel was fabricated by a solution-processing method, which exhibited excellent optoelectronic properties due to the combination of superior light absorption of P3HT and high charge mobility of graphene. The phototransistor exhibited a high hole mobility of up to 18 cm2 V−1 s−1. The device showed a sensitive and stable response in the visible light range with a responsivity (R) of 18 A/W and a short rise/decay response time of 2.2/2.3 ms. These excellent performances were benefited from the fast carrier transfer from P3HT to graphene and the high mobility of graphene. The P3HT-graphene hybrid phototransistor provides an excellent opportunity for developing high performance optoelectronic devices.
Transient phase transitions in single-crystal coppers under ultrafast lasers induced shock compression: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Xiong Qi-lin , Kitamura Takayuki , Li Zhenhuan
Published: May 2019

Transient phase transitions in ⟨100⟩-oriented monocrystal coppers under ultrafast lasers induced shock compression are investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. Due to propagations and attenuations of compressive stress waves induced by ultrafast laser pulses, monocrystal coppers show distinct processes of structural phase transitions, i.e., first, face-centered cubic (FCC) → body-centered cubic (BCC), then BCC → FCC, then FCC → hexagonal close-packed (HCP), and finally some of HCP → FCC. The known Bain's phase transition path of FCC → BCC in copper is discussed in detail and the mechanisms are disclosed by using the modified Born stability criteria and the local minimum energy criterion. By considering the initiation of stacking faults, the mechanism of phase transition of FCC → HCP is well explained. Through the analysis of phonon spectra, the results show that both BCC and HCP phases are unstable phases of monocrystal coppers.
Thermoelectric properties of amorphous ZnOxNy thin films at room temperature
Authors: Hirose Yasushi , Tsuchii Masato , Shigematsu Kei , Kakefuda Yohei , Mori Takao , Hasegawa Tetsuya
Published: May 2019

The thermoelectric properties of amorphous ZnOxNy (a-ZnON) thin films were investigated at room temperature. The a-ZnON thin films fabricated by nitrogen-plasma assisted pulsed laser deposition exhibited good n-type thermoelectric properties, of a power factor of up to 204 μW m−1 K−2. This value was more than twice higher than the value reported for known amorphous oxide semiconductors, which are candidate materials for IoT energy harvesting applications, having low processing temperatures suitable for plastic flexible substrates. The thermal conductivity of the a-ZnON thin films was in the range from 1.1 ± 0.2 to 1.4 ± 0.2 W m−1 K−1, which was low in comparison to amorphous oxide semiconductors. Due to the better properties, the thermoelectric figure of merit reached 0.042 at room temperature, which is significantly higher than that of known amorphous oxide semiconductors.
XUV-beamline for attosecond transient absorption measurements featuring a broadband common beam-path time-delay unit and in situ reference spectrometer for high stability and sensitivity
Authors: Stooß Veit , Hartmann Maximilian , Birk Paul , Borisova Gergana D. , Ding Thomas , Blättermann Alexander , Ott Christian , Pfeifer Thomas
Published: May 2019

Measuring bound-state quantum dynamics, excited and driven by strong fields, is achievable by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Here, a vacuum beamline for spectroscopy in the attosecond temporal and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range is presented, which is a tool for observing and controlling nonequilibrium electron dynamics. In particular, we introduce a technique to record an XUV absorption signal and the corresponding reference simultaneously, which greatly improves the signal quality. The apparatus is based on a common beam path design for XUV and near-infrared (NIR) laser light in a vacuum. This ensures minimal spatiotemporal fluctuations between the strong NIR laser and the XUV excitation and reference beams, while the grazing incidence optics enable broadband spectral coverage. The apparatus combines high spectral and temporal resolution together with an increase in sensitivity to weak absorption signatures by an order of magnitude. This opens up new possibilities for studying strong-field-driven electron dynamics in bound systems on their natural attosecond time scale.
Antiparallel exchange biased multilayers for low magnetic noise magnetic field sensors
Authors: Jovičević Klug M. , Thormählen L. , Röbisch V. , Toxværd S. D. , Höft M. , Knöchel R. , Quandt E. , Meyners D. , McCord J.
Published: May 2019

High sensitivity magnetoelectric (ME) thin film composite sensors, which enable the detection of picotesla magnetic fields, are improved in terms of magnetic noise performance by the elimination of magnetic domain (MD) activity. Using an antiparallel (AP) exchange biasing scheme, suppression of magnetic noise is obtained. Postsetting of AP biased ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic multilayers is accomplished by magnetic field free annealing with in-situ MD control. Overcoming the shape and demagnetization effects, stable single MD configurations in the magnetic sensing layers of magnetic multilayers are formed. Magnetic noise contributions are undetectable. The achieved single domain field stability opens the path to ultralow noise ME sensor applications. The demonstrated AP biasing scheme is applicable to other magnetic layer-based field sensing devices.
Anisotropic ultrafast optical response of terahertz pumped graphene
Authors: Melnikov A. A. , Sokolik A. A. , Frolov A. V. , Chekalin S. V. , Ryabov E. A.
Published: May 2019

We have measured the ultrafast anisotropic optical response of highly doped graphene to an intense single cycle terahertz pulse. The time profile of the terahertz-induced anisotropy signal at 800 nm has minima and maxima repeating those of the pump terahertz electric field modulus. It grows with increasing carrier density and demonstrates a specific nonlinear dependence on the electric field strength. To describe the signal, we have developed a theoretical model that is based on the energy and momentum balance equations and takes into account optical phonons of graphene and the substrate. According to the theory, the anisotropic response is caused by the displacement of the electronic momentum distribution from zero momentum induced by the pump electric field in combination with polarization dependence of the matrix elements of interband optical transitions.
Signed and sign-changing solutions of bi-nonlocal fourth order elliptic problem
Authors: Mao Anmin , Wang Wenqing
Published: May 2019

We study a class of nonlocal fourth order elliptic problem which is seldom studied because of the presence of the biharmonic operator and binonlocal terms. We are interested in the existence of signed and sign-changing solutions. Our approach is based on variational invariant sets of descending flow and cone theory. Our results extend and improve some recent work.
Calibration of cryogenic amplification chains using normal-metal–insulator–superconductor junctions
Authors: Hyyppä E. , Jenei M. , Masuda S. , Sevriuk V. , Tan K. Y. , Silveri M. , Goetz J. , Partanen M. , Lake R. E. , Grönberg L. , Möttönen M.
Published: May 2019

Various applications of quantum devices call for an accurate calibration of cryogenic amplification chains. To this end, we present an experimentally feasible calibration scheme and use it to accurately measure the total gain and noise temperature of an amplification chain by employing normal-metal–insulator–superconductor (NIS) junctions. Our method is based on the radiation emitted by inelastic electron tunneling across voltage-biased NIS junctions. We derive an analytical expression that relates the generated power to the applied bias voltage which is the only control parameter of the device. After the setup has been characterized using a standard voltage reflection measurement, the total gain and the noise temperature are extracted by fitting the analytical expression to the microwave power measured at the output of the amplification chain. The 1σ uncertainty of the total gain of 51.84 dB appears to be of the order of 0.10 dB.
Structural behavior of aqueous t-butanol solutions from large-scale molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Overduin S. D. , Perera Aurélien , Patey G. N.
Published: May 2019

Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are reported for aqueous t-butanol (TBA) solutions. The CHARMM generalized force field (CGenFF) for TBA is combined with the TIP4P/2005 model for water. Unlike many other common TBA models, the CGenFF model is miscible with water in all proportions at 300 K. The main purpose of this work is to investigate the existence and nature of a microheterogeneous structure in aqueous TBA solutions. Our simulations of large systems (128 000 and 256 000 particles) at TBA mole fractions of 0.06 and 0.1 clearly reveal the existence of long-range correlations (>10 nm) that show significant variations on long time scales (∼50 ns). We associate these long-range slowly varying correlations with the existence of supramolecular domainlike structures that consist of TBA-rich and water-rich regions. This structure is always present but continually changing in time, giving rise to long-range slowly varying pair correlation functions. We find that this behavior appears to have little influence on the single particle dynamics; the diffusion coefficients of both TBA and water molecules lie in the usual liquid state regime, and mean square displacements provide no indication of anomalous diffusion. Using our large system simulations, we are able to reliably calculate small angle x-ray scattering and small angle neutron scattering spectra, except at a very low wave vector, and the results agree well with recent experiments. However, this paper shows that simulation of the relatively simple TBA/water system remains challenging. This is particularly true if one wishes to obtain properties such as Kirkwood-Buff factors, or scattering functions at a low wave vector, which strongly depend on the long-range behavior of the pair correlations.
Modulating metallic conductive filaments via bilayer oxides in resistive switching memory
Authors: Sun Y. M. , Song C. , Yin J. , Qiao L. L. , Wang R. , Wang Z. Y. , Chen X. Z. , Yin S. Q. , Saleem M. S. , Wu H. Q. , Zeng F. , Pan F.
Published: May 2019

Large fluctuations of key parameters in cation-based resistive random access memory (RRAM), which originate from stochastic growth of metallic conductive filaments, always impose a significant barrier to the practical application of memory devices. Here, we propose an ordinary bilayer oxide structure of Ag/TaOx/TaOy/Pt (x < y) to address this issue and achieve the performance enhancement of memory cells. This memory device is inclined to form nano-cone-shaped filaments under external bias, and the tips of filaments provide an electric field concentration, achieving an effective control of filament growth. Compared with the single-layer device Ag/TaOx/Pt, the bilayer device manifests a larger ON/OFF ratio, much lower operation voltages and RESET currents, a higher response speed, and better uniformity. The insertion of the oxygen-rich layer also brings about the tunability of switching voltages and the elimination of the negative-SET phenomenon. Our experiments might pave the way for high-density emerging memory commercial applications.
Expression of Vasa, Nanos2 and Sox9 during initial testicular development in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) submitted to sex reversal
Authors: Melo Luis H. , Melo Rafael M. C. , Luz Ronald K. , Bazzoli Nilo , Rizzo Elizete
Published: May 2019

Sexual differentiation and early gonadal development are critical events in vertebrate reproduction. In this study, the initial testis development and expression of the Vasa, Nanos2 and Sox9 proteins were examined in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus submitted to induced sex reversal. To that end, 150O. niloticus larvae at 5 days post-hatching (dph) were kept in nurseries with no hormonal addition (control group) and 150 larvae were kept with feed containing 17α-methyltestosterone to induce male sex reversal (treated group). Morphological sexual differentiation of Nile tilapia occurred between 21 and 25 dph and sex reversal resulted in 94% males, whereas the control group presented 53% males. During sexual differentiation, gonocytes (Gon) were the predominant germ cells, which decreased and disappeared after that stage in both groups. Undifferentiated spermatogonia (Aund) were identified at 21 dph in the control group and at 23 dph in the treated group. Differentiated spermatogonia (Adiff) were found at 23 dph in both groups. Vasa and Nanos2 occurred in Gon, Aund and Adiff and there were no significant differences between groups. Vasa-labelled Adiff increased at 50 dph in both groups and Nanos2 presented a high proportion of labelled germ cells during sampling. Sertoli cells expressed Sox9 throughout the experiment and its expression was significantly greater during sexual differentiation in the control group. The results indicate that hormonal treatment did not alter initial testis development and expression of Vasa and Nanos2 in Nile tilapia, although lower expression of Sox9 and a delay in sexual differentiation was detected in the treated group.
Rivers across the Siberian Arctic unearth the patterns of carbon release from thawing permafrost
Authors: Wild Birgit , Andersson August , Bröder Lisa , Vonk Jorien , Hugelius Gustaf , McClelland James W. , Song Wenjun , Raymond Peter A. , Gustafsson Örjan
Published: May 2019

Climate warming is expected to mobilize northern permafrost and peat organic carbon (PP-C), yet magnitudes and system specifics of even current releases are poorly constrained. While part of the PP-C will degrade at point of thaw to CO
2
and CH
4
to directly amplify global warming, another part will enter the fluvial network, potentially providing a window to observe large-scale PP-C remobilization patterns. Here, we employ a decade-long, high-temporal resolution record of
14
C in dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC, respectively) to deconvolute PP-C release in the large drainage basins of rivers across Siberia: Ob, Yenisey, Lena, and Kolyma. The
14
C-constrained estimate of export specifically from PP-C corresponds to only 17 ± 8% of total fluvial organic carbon and serves as a benchmark for monitoring changes to fluvial PP-C remobilization in a warming Arctic. Whereas DOC was dominated by recent organic carbon and poorly traced PP-C (12 ± 8%), POC carried a much stronger signature of PP-C (63 ± 10%) and represents the best window to detect spatial and temporal dynamics of PP-C release. Distinct seasonal patterns suggest that while DOC primarily stems from gradual leaching of surface soils, POC reflects abrupt collapse of deeper deposits. Higher dissolved PP-C export by Ob and Yenisey aligns with discontinuous permafrost that facilitates leaching, whereas higher particulate PP-C export by Lena and Kolyma likely echoes the thermokarst-induced collapse of Pleistocene deposits. Quantitative
14
C-based fingerprinting of fluvial organic carbon thus provides an opportunity to elucidate large-scale dynamics of PP-C remobilization in response to Arctic warming.
Epithelial retinoic acid receptor β regulates serum amyloid A expression and vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity
Authors: Gattu Sureka , Bang Ye-Ji , Pendse Mihir , Dende Chaitanya , Chara Andrew L. , Harris Tamia A. , Wang Yuhao , Ruhn Kelly A. , Kuang Zheng , Sockanathan Shanthini , Hooper Lora V.
Published: May 2019

Vitamin A is a dietary component that is essential for the development of intestinal immunity. Vitamin A is absorbed and converted to its bioactive derivatives retinol and retinoic acid by the intestinal epithelium, yet little is known about how epithelial cells regulate vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity. Here we show that epithelial cell expression of the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) is essential for vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity. Epithelial RARβ activated vitamin A-dependent expression of serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins by binding directly to
Saa
promoters. In accordance with the known role of SAAs in regulating Th17 cell effector function, epithelial RARβ promoted IL-17 production by intestinal Th17 cells. More broadly, epithelial RARβ was required for the development of key vitamin A-dependent adaptive immune responses, including CD4
+
T-cell homing to the intestine and the development of IgA-producing intestinal B cells. Our findings provide insight into how the intestinal epithelium senses dietary vitamin A status to regulate adaptive immunity, and highlight the role of epithelial cells in regulating intestinal immunity in response to diet.
Adrenergic receptor antagonism induces neuroprotection and facilitates recovery from acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Monai Hiromu , Wang Xiaowen , Yahagi Kazuko , Lou Nanhong , Mestre Humberto , Xu Qiwu , Abe Yoichiro , Yasui Masato , Iwai Youichi , Nedergaard Maiken , Hirase Hajime
Published: May 2019

Significance

Stroke is one of the most prevalent types of acute brain injury, and rehabilitation poses globally a significant personal as well as socioeconomic burden. We here demonstrate a potent mitigation of stroke-induced brain damage by blocking adrenergic receptors. Stroke induces cortical spreading depolarizations which repeatedly increases extracellular potassium. We show that adrenergic receptor antagonism promotes the normalization of extracellular medium following stroke. From a translational standpoint, this approach may offer an affordable approach to current treatments such as tissue plasminogen activator administration and mechanical thrombectomy.
Molecular structure of an N-terminal phosphorylated β-amyloid fibril
Authors: Hu Zhi-Wen , Vugmeyster Liliya , Au Dan Fai , Ostrovsky Dmitry , Sun Yan , Qiang Wei
Published: May 2019

The structural polymorphism in β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques from Alzheimer disease (AD) has been recognized as an important pathological factor. Plaques from sporadic AD patients contain fibrillar deposits of various amyloid proteins/peptides, including posttranslational modified Aβ (PTM-Aβ) subtypes. Although many PTM-Aβs were shown to accelerate the fibrillation process, increase neuronal cytotoxicity of aggregates, or enhance the stability of fibrils, the contribution of PTM-Aβs to structural polymorphisms and their pathological roles remains unclear. We report here the NMR-based structure for the Ser-8-phosphorylated 40-residue Aβ (pS8-Aβ
40
) fibrils, which shows significant difference to the wild-type fibrils, with higher cross-seeding efficiency and thermodynamic stability. Given these physicochemical properties, the structures originated from pS8-Aβ
40
fibrils may potentially dominate the polymorphisms in the mixture of wild-type and phosphorylated Aβ deposits. Our results imply that Aβ subtypes with “seeding-prone” properties may influence the polymorphisms of amyloid plaques through the cross-seeding process.
Glucose transporter inhibitor-conjugated insulin mitigates hypoglycemia
Authors: Wang Jinqiang , Yu Jicheng , Zhang Yuqi , Kahkoska Anna R. , Wang Zejun , Fang Jun , Whitelegge Julian P. , Li Song , Buse John B. , Gu Zhen
Published: May 2019

Significance

Glucose-responsive insulin analogs or delivery systems are desirable for enhancing health and improving quality of life of people with diabetes. We describe here a simple strategy to engineer a long-acting insulin analog, which can establish an endogenous Glut-associated delivery reservoir of insulin that can modulate glucose metabolism in a blood glucose-dependent manner. Importantly, after subcutaneous injection, in vivo blood glucose regulation was validated in a type 1 diabetic mouse model with negligible hypoglycemia.
Arabic audiovisual translation of taboo words in American hip hop movies
Authors: Al-Yasin Noor F. , Rabab'ah Ghaleb A.
Published: May 2019

This study aims to investigate and identify the connotative equivalence of taboo words in American hip hop/musical movies and their Arabic correspondence in the subtitle/Audiovisual Translation (AVT). The sample of this study consists of English subtitles and their Arabic fansubs of three of the most profane American hip hop movies:8 Mile, Straight Outta Compton, andAll Eyez on Me. The study analyzed the data qualitatively and quantitatively. The researchers adoptedLjung’s (2011)typology of swearing to identify the connotative functions of the English taboo words and examine how the corresponding Arabic translation conforms to them. The findings revealed that the Arab fan subtitler managed to translate these tabooed terms in Arabic using certain translation techniques, viz. euphemisms and omission. These are both mainly used for the same reason, i.e. cultural constraints. The subtitler used the ‘euphemistic swearing’ technique where the word remains a swear-word but the degree of offense and insult is milder and toned down (Montagu 1967). The Arabic subtitles in the selected sample correspond to the connotative functions of English taboo words to a significant extent only when the translator used the euphemism technique. But the connotative functions misfired when the translator resorted to omission. Finally, the research provides some implications for translators when facing such hurdles in translation.
Andersen (1973) and dichotomies of change
Authors: Dawson Hope C. , Joseph Brian D.
Published: May 2019

Henning Andersen in his well-known and oft-cited (1973) article “Abductive and deductive change” (language 49(4).765–793) distinguishes two types of language change: evolutive change – defined as “change entirely explainable in terms of the linguistic system that gave rise to it” – and adaptive change – defined as “a change not explainable without reference to factors outside the linguistic system in question”. In this paper, we present an overview of the evolutive versus adaptive dichotomy in Andersen’s work and the role this dichotomy has played in the field in ensuing years. While this particular terminology has never taken a central role in discussions of these issues, the terms are still in some use, and the field as a whole has seen a proliferation of various terms focusing on this and similar dichotomies.
Induction and tradition
Authors: Nedergaard Thomsen Ole
Published: May 2019

This contribution takes Henning Andersen’s model of linguistic change as a logical starting point. In addition to his use of Abduction and Deduction, I suggest that Induction plays an important role as well, since it represents Conventionalization. All three types of reasoning are subsumed under Tradition, which itself represents the final of three aspects simultaneously performed in each and every instance of Language Gaming, the first two being the communicative tandem of Communion and Practice. The logical inference types profiled on this meta-communicative level of Tradition are operative on all three levels of Language Gaming. The Competence targeted in Tradition occurs in three modes of being, according to the inference type: hypothetical (Result, in Abduction), procedural (Case, in Deduction), and declarative (Law, in Induction). It is the procedural-effectual variant that is applied in the communicative tandem. An idio-poietic process operationalizes the declarative Convention so that it may be applied in individual use. A triune Universal Competence is presupposed by – and functions as major premise in – communicative tandem and meta-communicative Tradition. It is procedural (genotoken) and likewise occurs in the three aspects, viz. panchronic (Communion), synchronic (Practice), and diachronic (Tradition).
Reanalysis in the Russian past tense
Authors: Bjornflaten Jan Ivar
Published: May 2019

The large majority of the Slavic languages have in historical times lost the synthetic past tenses of the aorist and the imperfect. These tenses were replaced by a new past tense based on the erstwhile perfect. This transformation created space for new ways of forming a past tense, and one of these was a novel past tense based on the past active participle, also called the gerundial past tense, a past tense found in Northwest Russia, above all in the Pskov area, cf. Pskov dialectal i jon pom'orši toper’ uže, versus Standard Russia i on teper’ uže umer, ‘and he died now already’. The point of this article is to demonstrate how the emergence of the l-participle as the general past tense opened up for a reanalysis of the past active participle as a finite past tense verb-form. The actualization process following this reanalysis is illustrated by examples from the Pskov Chronicle.
A complicated relationship
Authors: Olander Thomas
Published: May 2019

The Baltic and Slavic subgroups of the Indo-European language family are more closely related to each other than to any of the other surviving subgroups; yet it is debated whether they form a subgroup of Indo-European descending from a uniform Balto-Slavic proto-language. While most historical linguists do operate with a Balto-Slavic subgroup and a matching proto-language, others remain sceptical.

In this contribution I focus on one of the most salient similarities between Baltic and Slavic: the paradigmatic accentual mobility found in both subgroups. Following a discussion of non-trivial shared innovations as a diagnostic tool in linguistic subgrouping, I examine the Balto-Slavic problem in the light of three different hypotheses on the origin of accentual mobility.
Burlas y magia en La cueva de Salamanca de Ruiz de Alarcón
Authors: Arellano Ignacio
Published: May 2019

El trabajo discute algunas interpretaciones de la burla y la magia en la comedia de Ruiz de Alarcón La
cueva de Salamanca, negando las implicaciones subversivas de ambos elementos, que han sido advertidas por algunos
estudios críticos poco atentos al texto de la obra.
An overview of ash (
Fraxinus
spp.) and the ash dieback disease in Europe.
Authors: Enderle R. , Stenlid J. , Vasaitis R.
Published: May 2019

Ash dieback, caused by the invasive fungal pathogen
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
, has become a serious threat to ash trees (
Fraxinus
spp.) and ash-related ecosystems in Europe. The fast emergence and expansion of this new disease has called for an intensive investigation, which resulted in a large number of research projects in Europe. Recently, as a result of the European cooperation and exchange programme FRAXBACK, numerous reports containing detailed information about the situation of ash dieback in different countries and related research have been published. For this review, we performed a systematic analysis of these country reports. We focussed on differences and similarities between European regions and countries regarding the importance, genetics and resistance of ash, the spread, monitoring, impact and management of the disease and on factors that have an influence on its severity. By including most recent scientific literature, this review provides a concise yet substantial overview about ash and ash dieback in Europe.
Centrality Dependence of Charmed-Meson Photoproduction in Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions*
Authors: Yu Gong-Ming , Cai Yan-Bing , Bai Zhen , Hu Qiang
Published: May 2019

We calculate the centrality dependence of inclusive cross section of large-pT charmed-meson (D0, D∗, D∗+, and

D
s
+

) from heavy quark fragmentation by the hard photoproduction processes in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The numerical results indicate that the contribution of the hard photoproduction processes cannot be negligible for the inclusive charmed-meson production in Au-Au collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Pb-Pb collisions at Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
Entropy of Schwarzschild-de Sitter Black Hole with Extra Term Correction*
Authors: Tang Hao , Wu Bin , Sun Cheng-Yi , Yue Rui-Hong
Published: May 2019

The thermodynamical quantities are usually considered as the independent ones in the case of the existence of multi-horizons. Comparing the first laws for the event horizon and cosmological horizon of Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time, we find them share the same values of mass, charge and cosmological constant, which might imply that there exists entanglement between the two horizons. Naturally we attempt to add an extra term, which contributed to the total entropy of the black hole. We recalculate the total entropy and the effective specific heat by taking the globally effective first law and find that they will be emanative when the two horizons approach to each other.
Temperature Dependence of In-plane Resistivity and Inverse Hall Angle in NLED Holographic Model*
Authors: Gan Qing-Yu , Wang Peng , Yang Hai-Tang
Published: May 2019

In the strange metal phase of the high-Tc cuprates, it is challenging to explain the linear temperature dependence of the in-plane resistivity and the quadratic temperature dependence of the inverse Hall angle. In this paper, we investigate the temperature dependence of the in-plane resistivity and inverse Hall angle in the nonlinear electrodynamics holographic model developed in our recent work. Maxwell electrodynamics and Born-Infeld electrodynamics are considered. Both cases support a wide spectrum of temperature scalings in parameter space. For Maxwell electrodynamics, the T-linear in-plane resistivity generally dominates at low temperatures and survives into higher temperatures in a narrow strip-like manner. Meanwhile, the T-quadratic inverse Hall angle dominates at high temperatures and extends down to lower temperatures. The overlap between the T-linear in-plane resistivity and the T-quadratic inverse Hall angle, if occurs, would generally present in the intermediate temperate regime. The Born-Infeld case with a > 0 is quite similar to the Maxwell case. For the Born-Infeld case with a < 0, there can be a constraint on the charge density and magnetic field. Moreover, the overlap can occur for strong charge density.
Contactless electrical impedance and ultrasonic tomography: correlation, comparison and complementarity study
Authors: Jiang Yandan , Soleimani Manuchehr , Wang Baoliang
Published: May 2019

Electrical tomography (ET) and ultrasonic tomography (UT) techniques are effective and promising super-sensing tools with uses in many industrial process applications. They can create internal mapping images of both electrical and mechanical properties from measurements at the exterior boundaries of domains of interests. There are several different types of ET methods and different modes of UT imaging. Here we focus on contactless ET and contactless UT imaging for liquid masses, enabling fully non-intrusive, integrated mechanical and electrical imaging because direct contact to the process material is often a major limiting factor. ET is sensitive to the distribution of dielectric parameters inside the region of interest, and the highest sensitivity often lies near the outer surface of the boundary. UT has very good responses to the intersections of different phases of materials and has the highest resolution in the central area. Capacitively coupled electrical impedance tomography (CCEIT) is proposed as a contactless ET technique. This work investigates CCEIT based on phase measurements of the electrical impedance between transmitting and receiving electrodes, and UT based on the transmission mode, measuring the time-of-flight between the transmitted signal and the first received signals. A combined sensor which comprises a 16-electrode CCEIT array and a 16-transducer UT array is developed. Experimental results show the performances of the two tomography systems and their dual modality combination. This work highlights various aspects of the correlation, comparison and complementarity between these two contactless imaging techniques. Inclusion material characterization and identification is demonstrated using this novel dual modality.
A study of coherent and incoherent resonances in high intensity beams using a linear Paul trap
Authors: Martin L K , Machida S , Kelliher D J , Sheehy S L
Published: May 2019

In this paper we present the first quantitative measurement of the change in frequency (tune) with intensity of four transverse resonances in a high intensity Gaussian beam. Due to the nonlinear space charge forces present in high intensity beams, particle motion cannot be analytically described. Instead we use the simulator of particle orbit dynamics and the intense beam experiment, two linear Paul traps (LPTs), to replicate the system experimentally. In high intensity beams a coherent resonant response to both space charge and external field driven perturbations is possible, these coherent resonances are excited at a tune that differs by a factor C

m
from that of the incoherent resonance. By increasing the number of ions stored in the LPT and studying the location of four different resonances we extract provisional values describing the change in tune of the resonance with intensity. These values are then compared to the C

m
factors for coherent resonances. We find that the C

m
factors do not accurately predict the location of resonances in high intensity Gaussian beams. Further insight into the experiment was gained through simulation using Warp, a particle-in-cell code.
Electrically triggered dual-band tunable terahertz metamaterial band-pass filter based on Si3N4–VO2–Si3N4 sandwich*
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Hu Fangrong , Xu Xinlong , Jiang Mingzhu , Zhang Wentao , Yin Shan , Jiang Wenying
Published: May 2019

We experimentally demonstrate an electrically triggered terahertz (THz) dual-band tunable band-pass filter based on Si3N4–VO2–Si3N4 sandwich-structured hybrid metamaterials. The insulator–metal phase transition of VO2 film is induced by the Joule thermal effect of the top metal layer. The finite-integration-time-domain (FITD) method and finite element method (FEM) are used for numerical simulations. The sample is fabricated using a surface micromachining process, and characterized by a THz time-domain-spectrometer (TDS). When the bias current is 0.225 A, the intensity modulation depths at two central frequencies of 0.56 THz and 0.91 THz are about 81.7% and 81.3%, respectively. This novel design can achieve dynamically electric–thermo–optic modulation in the THz region, and has potential applications in the fields of THz communications, imaging, sensing, and astronomy exploration.
A novel multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler*
Authors: Shao Han-Bo , He Huan , Chen Yan , Chen Guo-Ping
Published: May 2019

A novel multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler is proposed. The multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler is composed of steel structures and silicone membranes. With suitable construction, the Helmholtz muffler can be designed to exhibit negative mass density in low frequency, and the muffling frequency can be adjusted when we change the internal structure of the cavity, which will be very attractive for noise control. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the membranes and the cavities on noise reduction characteristics with theoretical calculations and simulations. The results show that the numbers of membranes and the volumes of the cavities can have a great effect on the position of the muffling frequency. The number of cavities can have a great effect on the width of the muffling frequency (reduce the noise by 10 dB). With different combinations of the membranes and cavities, we can get different muffling frequencies, which can meet different muffling demands in practical applications and is more flexible than the traditional Helmholtz cavity.
Direct numerical simulation on relevance of fluctuating velocities and drag reduction in turbulent channel flow with spanwise space-dependent electromagnetic force*
Authors: Jiang Dai-Wen , Zhang Hui , Fan Bao-Chun , Wang An-Hua
Published: May 2019

Based on the Fourier–Chebyshev spectral method, the control of turbulent channel flow by space-dependent electromagnetic force and the mechanism of drag reduction are investigated with direct numerical simulation (DNS) methods for different Reynolds numbers. A formula is derived to express the relation between fluctuating velocities and the friction drag coefficient. With the application of electromagnetic force, the in-depth relations among the fluctuating velocities near the wall, Reynolds stress, and the effect of drag reduction for different Reynolds numbers are discussed. The results indicate that the maximum drag reductions can be obtained with an optimal combination of parameters for each case of different Reynolds numbers. The fluctuating velocities along the streamwise and normal directions are suppressed significantly, while the fluctuating velocity along the spanwise direction is enhanced dramatically due to the spanwise electromagnetic force. However, the values of Reynolds stress depend on the fluctuating velocities along the streamwise and normal directions rather than that along the spanwise direction. Therefore, the significant effect of drag reduction is obtained. Moreover, the maximum drag reduction is weakened due to the decay of control effect for fluctuating velocities as the Reynolds number increases.
On-node lattices construction using partial Gauss–Hermite quadrature for the lattice Boltzmann method*
Authors: Ye Huanfeng , Gan Zecheng , Kuang Bo , Yang Yanhua
Published: May 2019

A concise theoretical framework, the partial Gauss–Hermite quadrature (pGHQ), is established to construct on-node lattices of the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method under a Cartesian coordinate system. Compared with the existing approaches, the pGHQ scheme has the following advantages: extremely concise algorithm, unifies the constructing procedure for symmetric and asymmetric on-node lattices, and covers a full-range quadrature degree of a given discrete velocity set. We employ the pGHQ scheme to search the local optimal and asymmetric lattices for

n
=
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7

moment degree equilibrium distribution discretization on the range

−
10
,
10

. The search reveals a surprising abundance of available lattices. Through a brief analysis, the discrete velocity set shows a significant influence on the positivity of equilibrium distributions, which is considered as one of the major impacts of the numerical stability of the LB method. Hence, the results of the pGHQ scheme lay a foundation for further investigations to improve the numerical stability of the LB method by modifying the discrete velocity set. It is also worth noting that pGHQ can be extended into the entropic LB model, even though it was proposed for the Hermite polynomial expansion LB theory.
Temporal and spatial evolution of air-spark switch plasma investigated by the Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Huang Jie , Yang Lin , Zhang Hongchao , Chen Lei , Wu Xianying
Published: May 2019

An air-spark switch plasma was diagnosed by the Mach–Zehnder laser interferometer with ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution. The interferograms containing plasma phase shift information at different time were obtained. The phase shift distributions of the plasma were extracted by numerically processing the interferograms. The three-dimensional (3D) electron density distributions of the air-spark switch plasma were then obtained. The working process of the air-spark switch was described by analyzing the temporal and spatial evolution of the plasma electron density.
A revised jump-diffusion and rotation-diffusion model
Authors: Li Hua , Chen Yu-Hang , Tang Bin-Ze
Published: May 2019

Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) has many applications that are directly related to the development of high-performance functional materials and biological macromolecules, especially those containing some water. The analysis method of QENS spectra data is important to obtain parameters that can explain the structure of materials and the dynamics of water. In this paper, we present a revised jump-diffusion and rotation-diffusion model (rJRM) used for QENS spectra data analysis. By the rJRM, the QENS spectra from a pure magnesium-silicate-hydrate (MSH) sample are fitted well for the Q range from 0.3 Å−1 to 1.9 Å−1 and temperatures from 210 K up to 280 K. The fitted parameters can be divided into two kinds. The first kind describes the structure of the MSH sample, including the ratio of immobile water (or bound water) C and the confining radius of mobile water a
0. The second kind describes the dynamics of confined water in pores contained in the MSH sample, including the translational diffusion coefficient D
t, the average translational residence time τ
0, the rotational diffusion coefficient D
r, and the mean squared displacement (MSD)

〈

u

2

〉

. The rJRM is a new practical method suitable to fit QENS spectra from porous materials, where hydrogen atoms appear in both solid and liquid phases.
Studying the charge carrier properties in CuInS2 films via femtosecond transient absorption and nanosecond transient photocurrents*
Authors: Tan Mingrui , Liu Qinghui , Sui Ning , Kang Zhihui , Zhang Liquan , Zhang Hanzhuang , Wang Wenquan , Zhou Qiang , Wang Yinghui
Published: May 2019

The carrier behavior in CuInS2 thin films at femtosecond and microsecond time scales is discussed in detail. Transient absorption data suggests that the photo-generated carriers relax rapidly accompanied by a change in energy. The photo-generated charge carriers are extracted by a bias electric field E in the nanosecond transient photocurrent system. An applied E improves the efficiency of photon conversion to charge carriers and enhances the velocity of the extracted charge carriers. In addition, there exists a threshold of illumination intensity in the extraction process of charge carriers in the CuInS2 thin film, above which carrier recombination occurs. The corresponding loss further increases with illumination intensity and the recombination rate is almost independent of E. Our results provide useful insights into the characteristics of carriers in the CuInS2 thin film and are important for the operation of optoelectronic devices realized with these films.
Low-temperature growth of large-scale, single-crystalline graphene on Ir(111)*
Authors: Guo Hui , Chen Hui , Que Yande , Zheng Qi , Zhang Yu-Yang , Bao Li-Hong , Huang Li , Wang Ye-Liang , Du Shi-Xuan , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: May 2019

Iridium is a promising substrate for self-limiting growth of graphene. However, single-crystalline graphene can only be fabricated over 1120 K. The weak interaction between graphene and Ir makes it challenging to grow graphene with a single orientation at a relatively low temperature. Here, we report the growth of large-scale, single-crystalline graphene on Ir(111) substrate at a temperature as low as 800 K using an oxygen-etching assisted epitaxial growth method. We firstly grow polycrystalline graphene on Ir. The subsequent exposure of oxygen leads to etching of the misaligned domains. Additional growth cycle, in which the leftover aligned domain serves as a nucleation center, results in a large-scale and single-crystalline graphene layer on Ir(111). Low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy experiments confirm the successful growth of large-scale and single-crystalline graphene. In addition, the fabricated single-crystalline graphene is transferred onto a SiO2/Si substrate. Transport measurements on the transferred graphene show a carrier mobility of about

3300

cm

2

·

V

−
1

·

s

−
1

. This work provides a way for the synthesis of large-scale, high-quality graphene on weak-coupled metal substrates.
Variational and diffusion Monte Carlo simulations of a hydrogen molecular ion in a spherical box*
Authors: Xiao Xuehui , Bao Kuo , Wang Youchun , Xie Hui , Duan Defang , Tian Fubo , Cui Tian
Published: May 2019

The variational and diffusion Monte Carlo approaches are used to study the ground-state properties of a hydrogen molecular ion in a spheroidal box. In this work, we successfully treat the zero-point motion of protons in the same formalism with as of electrons and avoid the Born–Oppenheimer approximation in density function theory. The study shows that the total energy increases with the decrease in volume, and that the distance between protons decreases as the pressure increases. Considering the motion of protons, the kinetic energy of the electron is higher than that of the fixed model under the same conditions and increases by 5%. The kinetic energy of the proton is found to be small under high pressure, which is only a fraction of the kinetic energy of the electron.
Effects of chemical pressure on diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)2As2*
Authors: Peng Y , Yu S , Zhao G Q , Li W M , Zhao J F , Cao L P , Wang X C , Liu Q Q , Zhang S J , Yu R Z , Deng Z , Zhu X H , Jin C Q
Published: May 2019

Chemical pressure induced by iso-valent doping has been widely employed to tune physical properties of materials. In this work, we report effects of chemical pressure by substitution of Sb or P into As on a recently discovered diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)2As2, which has the record of reliable Curie temperature of 230 K due to independent charge and spin doping. Sb and P are substituted into As-site to produce negative and positive chemical pressures, respectively. X-ray diffraction results demonstrate the successful chemical solution of dopants. Magnetic properties of both K-under-doped and K-optimal-doped samples are effectively tuned by Sb- and P-doping. The Hall effect measurements do not show decrease in carrier concentrations upon Sb- and P-doping. Impressively, magnetoresistance is significantly improved from 7% to 27% by only 10% P-doping, successfully extending potential application of (Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)2As2.
Equivalent electromagnetic parameters for microwave metamaterial absorber using a new symmetry model*
Authors: Zhang Junming , He Donglin , Wang Guowu , Wang Peng , Qiao Liang , Wang Tao , Li Fashen
Published: May 2019

Transmission line theory uses the complex nature of permeability and permittivity of a conventional magnetic absorber to evaluate its absorption properties and mechanism. However, because there is no method to obtain the electromagnetic parameters of a metamaterial-absorber integrated layer (composed of a medium layer and a periodic metal array), this theory is seldom used to study the absorption properties of the metamaterial absorber. We propose a symmetry model to achieve an equivalent complex permittivity and permeability model for the integrated layer, which can be combined with the transmission line theory to calculate metamaterial absorption properties. The calculation results derived from both the transmission line theory and the high-frequency structure simulator are in good agreement. This method will be beneficial in practical investigations of the absorption mechanism of a metamaterial absorber.