bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application usability levels: a framework for tracking project product progress
Authors: Halford Alexa J. , Kellerman Adam C. , Garcia-Sage Katherine , Klenzing Jeffrey , Carter Brett A. , McGranaghan Ryan M. , Guild Timothy , Cid Consuelo , Henney Carl J. , Ganushkina Natalia Yu. , Burrell Angeline G. , Terkildsen Mike , Welling Daniel T. , Murray Sophie A. , Leka K. D. , McCollough James P. , Thompson Barbara J. , Pulkkinen Antti , Fung Shing F. , Bingham Suzy , Bisi Mario M. , Liemohn Michael W. , Walsh Brian M. , Morley Steven K.
Published: September 2019

The space physics community continues to grow and become both more interdisciplinary and more intertwined with commercial and government operations. This has created a need for a framework to easily identify what projects can be used for specific applications and how close the tool is to routine autonomous or on-demand implementation and operation. We propose the Application Usability Level (AUL) framework and publicizing AULs to help the community quantify the progress of successful applications, metrics, and validation efforts. This framework will also aid the scientific community by supplying the type of information needed to build off of previously published work and publicizing the applications and requirements needed by the user communities. In this paper, we define the AUL framework, outline the milestones required for progression to higher AULs, and provide example projects utilizing the AUL framework. This work has been completed as part of the activities of the Assessment of Understanding and Quantifying Progress working group which is part of the International Forum for Space Weather Capabilities Assessment.
Intensivmedizinisches Management schwerer Infektionen bei Krebspatienten
Authors: Kochanek Matthias , Kiehl Michael , Liebregts Tobias
Published: September 2019

Despite treatment options of cancer patients have been improved, the treatment of complications is usually very complex and often includes intensive care unit admission. Infections play a major role here. Risk patients and factors, timely detection of infections and septic states, diagnostic options and treatment options in the management of these cancer patients will be presented in this paper.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pelvic Fractures – Part 2: Gaining Information and Clinical Therapeutic Relevance
Authors: Hackenbroch Carsten , Merz Charlotte , Palm Hans-Georg , Friemert Benedikt , Stuby Fabian , Lang Patricia ,   AG Becken III der DGU®
Published: September 2019

Background Magnetic resonance and computed tomography (MRI, CT) has been known to compare the sensitivity for the detection of pelvic fractures with others. It is unclear whether MRI imaging beyond CT leads to therapy change. The aim of our study is to determine the information gained from MRI in the diagnosis of pelvic fractures and to reduce the effects on the form of therapy.

Patients and Methods In a retrospective, clinical study, 31 patients with pelvic fracture and CT and MRI imaging (median 81 ± 20 years, 22 female and 9 male) were examined. There was a classification according to AO classification for adequate or FFP classification for inadequate fractures. In addition, vascular, muscular, haematomatous and organic concomitant injuries as well as bone marrow edema and additional secondary findings requiring evaluation were evaluated. The type of therapy (conservative vs. surgical) and a possible type of therapy change were documented for each patient. Exact test according to Fisher was tested orienting.

Results Overall, MRI showed a greater fracture rate of pelvic fractures in 29% (n = 9) patients than CT. Four type I fractures according to FFP classification were identified as type II fractures and 4 type II fractures as type IV fractures. One type B1 fracture according to AO classification was found to be C2 fracture on MRI. Fisherʼs Exact Test found that the parameters “adequacy of trauma” and “fracture type change” by MRI were p = 0.38. MRI showed a total of 82 concomitant injuries, CT 31. Overall, MRI gained information in 75% (n = 24) of all patients examined. A change from conservative to operative after MRI took place in 2 patients. No patient was surgically changed from planned surgery to conservative. The extent to which MRI caused changes within one form of therapy (conservative, operative) could not be determined retrospectively. In 18% of patients with an inadequate fracture, however, according to the literature, the treatment regimen would have
changed pro forma.

Conclusion In summary, it can be stated that the MRI in our study provided an information gain in the case of adequate and inadequate pelvic fractures as well as their accompanying injuries and that a possible therapeutic relevance of this information gain could be obtained specially at the inadequate fractures showed.
Gemeinsam für die Pflege
Authors: Girts Sabine
Published: September 2019

Mit der Konzertierten Aktion Pflege (KAP) will die Bundesregierung den
Arbeitsalltag der Pflege und die Arbeitsbedingungen von beruflich
Pflegenden spürbar verbessern, sie entlasten und die Ausbildung in der Pflege
stärken. Hier erste Ergebnisse.
Zwischen Verzweiflung und Aufbruchsstimmung
Authors: Vogler Christine
Published: September 2019

Endlich ist er da, der Rahmenlehrplan. Mit ihm können die Schulen sich
vorbereiten auf die Inhalte, die sie ab 2020 anbieten. Christine Vogler,
Vizepräsidentin im DPR, beschreibt, warum die Schulen zwischen Kraftakt,
Verzweiflung und Euphorie schwanken.
Kolorektale Fremdkörper – eine Herausforderung für Patient und Arzt
Authors: Heil Jan , Bechstein Wolf Otto , Schnitzbauer Andreas , Habbe Nils
Published: September 2019

Hintergrund Kolorektale Fremdkörper sind ein nicht ungewöhnlicher Vorstellungsgrund in der Notaufnahme. Die häufig erst verspätete ärztliche Konsultation führt möglicherweise zu einer erhöhten Rate an Komplikationen. Vor jeder rektalen Manipulation sollte die Art des Fremdkörpers bekannt sein. Trotz Lokalisation im Rektum kann die Entfernung des Fremdkörpers schwierig sein und eine Narkose erfordern. Verletzungen sollten nach jeder Intervention ausgeschlossen werden.

Methoden Retrospektiv wurden die Fälle mit der Diagnose „Fremdkörper im Anus und Rektum (inkl. Sigmoid)“ zwischen 2002 und 2017 ausgewertet. Von 56 Patienten konnten 33 (59%) Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Zusätzlich wurde eine Literaturrecherche mit den Suchbegriffen „colon AND foreign bod*“, „rectum AND foreign bod*“ und „colorectal AND foreign bod*“ in den Datenbanken PubMed (1623) und Cochrane Libary (17) sowie in der Suchmaschine Google Scholar (300) vorgenommen.

Ergebnisse Durchschnittlich erfolgte die Vorstellung nach 33 h. Eine Entfernung in der Notaufnahme gelang in 2 Fällen (6%). 31 Patienten (94%) benötigten eine Narkose. Eine notfallmäßige Laparotomie wurde in 3 Fällen (9%) vorgenommen. Komplikationen traten nicht auf. Die Entlassung erfolgte im Schnitt nach 1,5 d.

Schlussfolgerung Eine verspätete Vorstellung führt nicht zu einem komplizierteren Verlauf. Nach abschließender Rektoskopie ist eine weitere Bildgebung nicht erforderlich. Eine kurzzeitige Überwachung ist nach unauffälliger Klinik ausreichend.
Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em crianças atendidas pelo serviço de Atenção Básica na região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Libanio Isabela Faraco de Freitas , Correa Rafaela da Silveira , Monteiro Andresa de Souza , Vallandro Juliana Paludo
Published: September 2019

Objetivo Investigar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados na alimentação das crianças brasileiras de 2 a 9 anos da região Sul do Brasil.

Metodologia Estudo transversal, no qual foram utilizados os dados públicos dos relatórios do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional. Utilizou-se os dados de consumo alimentar de crianças de 2 a 9 anos dos anos de 2015 e 2016. Os grupos de alimentos utilizados para as análises foram: consumo de biscoitos, bolachas recheadas e guloseimas; bebidas adoçadas; macarrão instantâneo, salgadinho e biscoito de pacote e hambúrguer/e ou embutidos.

Resultados Foram analisados os dados de 22.761 crianças. Destas, 55,8% tinham idade entre 2 e 4 anos e 44,1% entre 5 e 9 anos. O grupo bebidas adoçadas (70,45%), seguido pela categoria macarrão instantâneo, salgadinhos e biscoitos de pacotes (63,25%) foram os que apresentaram maior média de consumo entre as duas faixas etárias. Quando comparado às prevalências do Brasil, o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi significativamente maior na região Sul. Em relação à faixa etária, verificou-se que o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por crianças de 5 a 9 anos foi superior, quando comparadas às crianças de 2 a 4 anos (p < 0,002).

Conclusões Há necessidade da implementação de ações de saúde e educação efetivas que possam diminuir as prevalências do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados no Brasil, especialmente na região Sul.
Palatal Abscess in a Pediatric Patient: Report of a Case
Authors: Sumer A. Pina , Celenk Peruze
Published: September 2019

The palatal mass can pose a difficult diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. In differential diagnosis of the palatal mass, dental causes must be considered because they are so common. The palatal abscess typically represents the palatally directed drainage of an infection of pulpal or periodontal origin. The palatal abscess is often observed in the premolar-molar region and presents as a compressible mass or swelling usually lateral to the midline. This study reports the unusual case of a 5-year-old girl with a palatal abscess adjacent to the midline. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:291-293)
Harlequin Syndrome after Thoracoscopic Repair of a Child with Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
Authors: Wagner Richard , Lacher Martin , Merkenschlager Andreas , Markel Moritz
Published: September 2019

Harlequin syndrome (HS) is a rare dysautonomia of the sympathetic nervous system leading to asymmetric facial flushing and sweating. In the literature, only a few cases of HS after thoracoscopic tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) repair are reported. We report on a newborn with TEF who developed HS after thoracoscopic repair. On the first day of life, the girl (3,480 g, gestation age: 41 week) underwent thoracoscopic repair of a type C esophageal atresia (TEF; OR time 105 minute) without complications. The postoperative course was uneventful, the patient swallowed and thrived well and did not require esophageal dilatations. At 2 years of age, missing facial flushing, transpiration, and warming on the right side of her face during agitation were noticed. As no further intervention was required, the girl and her parents adapted well to the symptoms. Our report shows that the late onset of HS after the surgical procedure is unlikely a direct causal relation to the thoracoscopic operation but rather a shared embryological pathogenesis, like a neurocristopathy.
Reconstruction of Lower Extremity Defects Using the Serratus Anterior Free Flap: A Systematic Review and Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Karir Aneesh , Stein Michael J. , Shiga Sarah , Zhang Jing
Published: September 2019

Background Free tissue transfer is the most common modality for distal third lower extremity reconstruction, yet complication rates remain high. The serratus anterior muscle free flap, which can be harvested alone or as a chimeric flap, is a robust and reliable option that remains the primary modality for distal third lower extremity defects at our institution. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of lower extremity reconstruction with the serratus anterior free flap and provide a retrospective review of cases at our institution.

Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (PROSPERO CRD42018110692). Articles reporting reconstruction of lower extremity and foot defects using serratus anterior free flaps in adults were included. A retrospective cohort study of serratus anterior free flaps was then performed from 2012 to 2018 at our institution.

Results Thirty-seven articles meeting inclusion criteria provided data on 198 flaps: 125 (63%) serratus-only flaps and 73 (37%) chimeric flaps based on the subscapular axis. Among the serratus-only flaps, defects were primarily due to chronic wounds (51%) or acute infections (33%). Flap survival rate was 97%, and the major and minor complication rates were 5 and 9%, respectively. Of the 10 cases included in the case series, flap survival rate was 100%, there were no major complications, and the minor complication rate was 44%. The average time to flap healing was 95 days and average lower extremity functional scale score was 58/80 among five patients.

Conclusion Serratus anterior muscle free flaps are a versatile and reliable option for distal third lower extremity reconstruction.
Esophagojejunal anastomotic leak managed with self expandable metallic stent
Authors: Annapillai Arvind Madurandagam , Ramachandran Biggs Saravanan , Ponniah Senthilkumar , V. Hemamala , B. Kesavan , Karunakaran Premkumar , Raju Prabhakaran , G. Manoharan , Murugesan Chandramohan Servarayan , Muhammed Mohammed Ali
Published: September 2019

Esophagealjejunal anastomotic leak after gastrectomy is a serious surgical emergency with high mortality. This report describes a 57-year-old male with esophagojejunal anastomotic leak following total gastrectomy for gastric cancer and was managed successfully with self-expandable metallic stent. To our knowledge this is the first such report from India. This case report highlights the need of interdisciplinary coordination in managing this difficult clinical situation. Endotherapy with self-expandable metallic stent (SEM) provided twin benefits of improving respiratory embarrassment and the joy of eating. Therapy of such difficult cases must be individualized; however, and SEM stent usage is a viable option (J Dig Endcsc 2013;4(1):13–15)
Direct observation of electronic structure change by resistance random access memory effect in amorphous alumina
Authors: Kubota Masato , Nigo Seisuke , Kato Seiichi , Amemiya Kenta
Published: September 2019

We measured X-ray absorption spectra of amorphous alumina with vacancy-type oxygen defects (AlOx) which exhibits the resistance random access memory (ReRAM) effect. We were able to detect changes in the electronic structure owing to the ReRAM effect. A major difference in the spectra near the O K-absorption edge was observed between a low resistance state (LRS) and a high resistance state (HRS). The subpeak profile within the band gap appeared in the LRS, while it was suppressed in the HRS. By contrast, the spectra near the Al K-absorption edge in the LRS and HRS appeared almost identical, indicating that no byproducts are generated. These findings imply that the distribution of charged electrons primarily changes near oxygen sites from the HRS to the LRS. The features of the subpeak profile are analogous to those of the mid-gap profile, as speculated by the first-principles calculation [Momida et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 042102 (2011)]. The LRS was mainly detected near the surface of the thin film.
Atomic scale investigation of chemical heterogeneity in β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films using atom probe tomography
Authors: Mazumder Baishakhi , Sarker Jith , Zhang Yuewei , Johnson Jared M. , Zhu Menglin , Rajan Siddharth , Hwang Jinwoo
Published: September 2019

We investigated atomic scale chemical heterogeneity in β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin films with different aluminum (Al) concentrations using atom probe tomography. Two film samples with an Al molar concentration of x = 0.2 and x = 0.5, grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy, were analyzed and compared. The measured overall compositions were found to be in agreement with the target compositions in both cases. The film with the higher Al content showed a significant chemical heterogeneity, which could be attributed to the low growth temperature.
Effects of printing conditions on cell distribution within microspheres during inkjet-based bioprinting
Authors: Xu Heqi , Casillas Jazzmin , Xu Changxue
Published: September 2019

Inkjet-based bioprinting have been widely employed in a variety of applications in tissue engineering and drug screening and delivery. The typical bioink used in inkjet bioprinting consists of biological materials and living cells. During inkjet bioprinting, the cell-laden bioink is ejected out from the inkjet dispenser to form microspheres with cells encapsulated. The cell distribution within microspheres is defined as the distribution of cell number within the microspheres. The paper focuses on the effects of polymer concentration, excitation voltage, and cell concentration on the cell distribution within microspheres during inkjet printing of cell-laden bioink. The normal distribution has been utilized to fit the experimental results to obtain the mean and standard deviation of the distribution. It is found that the cell distribution within the microspheres increases with the increase of the cell concentration, sodium alginate concentration, and the excitation voltage.
Low-energy mass-selected ion beam deposition of silicon carbide with Bernas-type ion source using methylsilane
Authors: Yoshimura Satoru , Sugimoto Satoshi , Takeuchi Takae , Murai Kensuke , Kiuchi Masato
Published: September 2019

Methylsilane-derived fragment ions obtained from a Bernas-type ion source were investigated using a low-energy mass-selected ion beam system. Based on mass-energy analyzer measurements, these ions were determined to be H+, H2+, H3+, CH3+, Si+, and SiCH5+. The SiCH5+ ions were selected and injected into a Si(111) substrate at 750 °C. The ion energy was 40 eV. This injection led to the formation of a silicon carbide film on the Si substrate. An analysis of this film indicates that this type of ion beam deposition method can efficiently form silicon carbide film.
Temperature impact on parameters of In0.3Ga0.7As PV cell under laser irradiation condition
Authors: Li Guangji , Wang Chengmin , Lu Jian , Zhang Hongchao
Published: September 2019

The parameters of In0.3Ga0.7As PV cell applied in laser wireless power transmission (LWPT) system dependence on temperature was investigated at a temperature range of 5-90°C under 100mW/cm2 laser intensity with 1070nm wavelength. The pollination algorithm method was used to extract parameters, viz., photocurrent, series and shunt resistance, reverse saturation current, and ideality factor from the I-V curves at each temperature point. The results show that the short circuit current decrease exponentially with temperature increasing, which is obviously different from the condition with solar irradiation. As temperature increases, the conversion efficiency and the open circuit voltage decreases linearly at the rate of 0.095%/°C and 1.89mV/°C, respectively. In addition, the dependence of series and shunt resistance, ideality factor, and fill factor on temperature was also analyzed. This research gives us a new understanding of PV cells under laser irradiation condition, also provides a direction for manufacturing the cells used in LWPT system.
Differential densimetry: A method for determining ultra-low fluid flux and tissue permeability
Authors: Hale Christopher S. , Bhakta Heran C. , Jonak Carrie R. , Yonan Jennifer M. , Binder Devin K. , Grover William H. , Rodgers V. G. J.
Published: September 2019

Osmotic transport devices (OTDs) are forward osmosis membrane devices that we recently developed to remove accumulated fluid from swollen tissue, in-vivo, under severe conditions. As such, the relative volume of the fluid required to be removed and the volumetric flowrate may be two orders of magnitude less than the operating volume and tangential flowrate of the device. This makes it challenging to measure the rate of fluid flow from the swollen tissue. Here, we introduce a differential densimetry method for determining ultra-low volumetric flux through tissue samples. This technique uses two vibrating tube density sensors, one placed upstream of the membrane in contact with the tissue sample, and one placed downstream. Any flow of biological fluid withdrawn through the tissue will combine with the OTD operating fluid resulting in an observed density shift in the second density sensor. By measuring the difference in density between the upstream and downstream fluids, one can calculate the amount of fluid flowing across the tissue with a relatively high level of sensitivity. This method is also relatively insensitive to drift from temperature fluctuations and capable of continuously monitoring tissue permeability in real time. As a proof of concept, we used this technique to measure fluid flow across ex-vivo rat spinal tissue for an appropriately scaled OTD. The repeatability error had a maximum of only 12%. This implies that this method can provide highly acceptable flux measurements with reasonable reproducibility in real-time applications of fluid removal in-vivo.
Partial discharge characteristics of C6F12O/CO2 mixed gas at power frequency AC voltage
Authors: Tian Shuangshuang , Zhang Xiaoxing , Wang Yang , Rao Xiajin , Ye Fanchao , Li Yi , Xiao Song
Published: September 2019

The greenhouse effect of SF6 has made its application in various types of gas-insulated equipment increasingly restricted. C6F12O combines the advantages of insulation strength, safety and environmental friendliness and is considered to have potential for use in medium and low voltage equipment when mixed with buffer gas. In this paper, an experimental study on the partial discharge characteristics of C6F12O/CO2 mixed gas was carried out. The partial discharge initial voltage and the partial discharge extinction voltage of the mixed gas under the power frequency voltage are measured, and compared with the breakdown voltage. It was found that the partial discharge initiation voltage and the extinction voltage of the mixed gas gradually increased with the mixing ratio, and the influence of the gas pressure on the high mixing ratio was large. Compared with pure CO2, the difference between the partial discharge starting voltage and the breakdown voltage of the mixed gas is large. The research in this paper can provide guidance for the operation and maintenance of C6F12O mixed gas in the application of medium and low voltage equipment.
Experimental investigation of the frequency breakdown characteristics of C4-PFN/CO2 mixtures under the nonuniform electric field
Authors: Tian Zengyao , Zhao Hu , Lin Hui , Deng Yunkun
Published: September 2019

The perfluoronitriles and its mixtures have great dielectric strength and are environmentally friendly, which are considered as a typical class of alternative gases. This paper investigates the frequency breakdown characteristics of C4-PFN/CO2 mixtures in the nonuniform electric field. The influences of the electric field distribution, pressure and the C4-PFN component ratio on the dielectric strength of C4-PFN/CO2 mixtures are studied, which is compared with the cases for SF6 under the same conditions. It is shown that the sensitivity of C4-PFN/CO2 mixtures to the nonuniform electric field increases with the increase of the C4-PFN component ratio. For C4-PFN/CO2 mixtures containing more than 5% C4-PFN, the sensitivity is much greater than that of SF6.
Modeling Quasielastic Neutron Scattering from Protein Powders
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: September 2019

A new frequency-domain analysis shows promise in analyzing instrument-broadened quasielastic neutron scattering spectra of proteins.
A state-and-transition model to guide grassland management
Authors: Sinclair Steve J. , Zamin Tara , Gibson-Roy Paul , Dorrough Joshua , Wong Nathan , Craigie Vanessa , Garrard Georgia E. , Moore Joslin L.
Published: September 2019

Grassland ecosystems across the globe have been extensively modified and degraded by agriculture and urban development, leaving conservation managers with a complex set of interacting legacies and opportunities to contend with. We advocate the use of state-and-transition models to assist conservation managers to deal with this complexity. Using a major development and compensation project as a case study (The Melbourne Strategic Assessment under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999), we discuss the uses and limitations of state-and-transition models for conservation management. We define a state-and-transition model for an endangered Australian temperate grassland. Soil and vegetation data are used to evaluate the model and confirm that the assigned states relate to observable agro-ecological patterns. We then discuss the use of this model for several different interacting purposes: as a tool for the simple communication of complex ecological processes; as a tool for landscape stratification to aid the spatial application of management and experimentation; as a framework to set and define conservation objectives; and as an aide for adaptive management.
Air lasing: Phenomena and mechanisms*
Authors: Li Helong , Yao Danwen , Wang Siqi , Fu Yao , Xu Huailiang
Published: September 2019

Air lasing is a concept that refers to remote no-cavity (mirrorless) optical amplification in ambient air with the air constituents as the gain media. Due to the high potential of air lasing in view of applications in atmospheric sensing, a variety of pumping schemes have been proposed so far for building up population-inverted gain media in air and producing forward and/or backward directional lasing emissions. This review paper presents an overview of recent advances in the experimental observations and physical understanding of air lasing in various pumping schemes of air molecules by intense laser fields. Special emphasis is given to the strong-field-induced

N
2
+

air lasing, the mechanism of which is currently still in a hot debate.
Simulation of a folded airbag inflating underwater with IMM method
Authors: Chen Yan , Chen Guo-Ping , He Huan
Published: September 2019

Folded airbags have a wide range of applications in underwater salvage. Considering the influence of water pressure and inflation parameters, whether the airbag can be rapidly and steadily inflated is the key problem. Numerical simulations of the airbag can be used as a powerful tool to reduce the development time. To enable the behavior of the flotation bag to be accurately modeled, a combined Euler-Lagrange analysis was carried out in the finite element software MSC.Dytran using a general coupling surface. Two finite element models of the same cylinder flotation bag were established using the Initial Metric Method (IMM). One model is called Initial state and the other is called Reference state. The IMM folding technique can avoid negative deform of membrane elements significantly especially the final shape of the deformed bag. Besides, the relationships between the aeration rate and airbag parameters (volume and pressure) were discussed.
Hybrid energy harvesting from the natural wind and magnetic field
Authors: Xu Xueping , Han Qinkai , Chu Fulei
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes a hybrid energy harvester scheme from the natural wind and magnetic field. A prototype is fabricated with a piezoelectric sheet and a Galfenol substrate cantilever. The energy harvester from natural wind not the tunnel wind is simulated and verified by the experiment results. Moreover the performances of hybrid energy harvester with respect to the single energy collection are in-depth investigated. The optimal output criterion is defined and the hybrid output voltages for the optimal parameters can be predicted. The optimal ranges of magnetic field intensity for different wind speeds are presented. Experiment results demonstrate the superiority of the hybrid energy harvester over individual harvesters. Suggestions for the rational design of this hybrid energy harvester are illustrated. This paper provides a feasible solution for the hybrid energy harvester from natural wind and magnetic field, which can be significant for improving the capacity and reliability in energy harvesting.
Prediction of the sound insulation of panel structures based on the virtual testing room
Authors: Wang Gang , Li Guofang , Feng Zhihua , Ni Junfang
Published: September 2019

The sound transmission through an elastically bounded panel between rooms is presented in this paper. A fully-coupled modal is used to investigate the effect of elastic boundary of the panel on the sound transmission by using Spectro-Geometric Method (SGM) which is a meshless and parametric modeling technique for general vibro-acoustic analysis. Unlike the traditional modal superposition methods, the continuity of the normal velocities is faithfully enforced on the interfaces between the flexible panel and the (interior and exterior) acoustic media. The sound insulation structures can represent a simple panel or a complex structure with various structural and/or acoustical design features. This model can be effectively used to virtually test the acoustic performance of sound insulation designs under different environments and application conditions.
Numerical simulation of overtopping in the earth-filled dam based on material point method
Authors: Yang Yong-Sen , Qiu Liu-Chao , Tian Lei , Li Jing-Jun , Han Yu
Published: September 2019

Dams breach by overtopping is a serious natural disaster. Numerical simulation, as a efficient research method, is widely used to study the failure mechanism and predict the destroyed process of earth dams. Traditional numerical methods such as the finite element method (FEM) only provide the capacity of small deformation analyses due to mesh distortion. The Material Point Method (MPM), a mesh-free method, has been worked well for large deformation analyses. In this paper, a double-point MPM is introduced to analysis the failure process of earth-filled dams due to overtopping. Finally, it shows that the MPM predicts the flow propagation, the development of breach cross section and breach longitudinal profile well. Moreover, MPM provides an alternative method for the risk assessment of dam breach.
The phase-change heat conduction analysis during solidification processes by a hybrid generalized FDM
Authors: Liu Hui , Lei Jun , Xu Yanjie
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the single-domain enthalpy model is adopted for heat transfer analysis of phase change during solidification processes. The resulting second-order parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) with varying thermophysical coefficients is numerically solved by a hybrid generalized finite difference method (GFDM) under mixed boundary conditions. The spatial derivatives in the PDEs are approximated by the Taylor series expansions combining with the moving-least squares technique. The temporal derivative is evaluated with a six-point symmetric difference by the classical Crank-Nicholson technique. The Newton-Raphson iteration method is used to solve the resulting nonlinear algebraic equations. Finally, the transient temperature field and the moving phase-change interface are obtained by analysing the nodal temperature distribution. Several examples are presented for verify the stability and effectiveness of this meshless method.
Modeling and simulation of the structural and electrical characteristics for a polarized piezoelectric sensor actuator
Authors: Zhang Chong , Shan Xiaobiao , Peng Gaoliang , Xie Tao , Dong Xin
Published: September 2019

The present work aims to design a new polarized piezoelectric sensor actuator. This sensor actuator not only can achieve sensing and execution at the same time, but also has the advantages of small size and high integration. A mathematical model of stack displacement with input voltage and number of layers was established. The relationship between the charge generated by quartz crystal and external force was numerically analysed. The static and modal analysis of the structure were carried out to obtain the measured force range and the maximum working frequency. The transient simulation is used to verify the follow-up law of the actuator to the alternating signal. The Electric field interference analysis of the piezoelectric sensor actuator was performed to eliminate the interference from the electric field generated by the actuator. The results show that the measured force range of the actuator is up to 1 kN, with the maximum working frequency is 1000 Hz, and the actuator can follow the drive voltage signal well, with an almost negligible electric field interference in the sensor part. This paper provides a new method and theory for the study of self-sensing actuators.
Nonlinear breathing vibrations of a circular mesh antenna based on a equivalent model of a composite laminated circular cylindrical shell with membranes
Authors: Liu T , Zhang W , Zheng Y , Liu H
Published: September 2019

This paper is focused on the nonlinear breathing vibrations of the circular mesh antenna based on a composite laminated circular cylindrical shell with radially pre-stretched membranes at both ends and clamped along a generatrix. The finite element model of the circular mesh antenna are established, we study the effects of different mesh stiffness on the first six orders frequencies. It is found that there is an approximate threefold relationship between the first-order frequency and the forth-order frequency. Based on the particular integer multiple relationship, we can conclude that there is the 1:3 resonance between the first-order and the forth-order vibrations of the circular mesh antenna. The method of multiple scales is employed to obtain the four-dimensional nonlinear averaged equation based on the two degree of freedom non-autonomous nonlinear equations of the equivalent model of circular mesh antenna and the 1:3 internal resonance is considered here. Then, based on the numerical method, the chaotic dynamics of the equivalent model of circular mesh antenna are studied by the bifurcation diagrams, the phase portraits, the waveforms, the power spectrums and the Poincaré map. The temperature parameter excitation shows that the complex chaotic phenomena occur under the certain initial conditions.
Effect of Shear Flow on Flow Characteristics of The PTC Cylinder
Authors: Zhang Dahai , Li Tianjiao , Feng Lei , Huang Wenxiu , Ji Chunning
Published: September 2019

In this paper, FLUENT software was used to simulate the flow characteristics of the passive turbulence control (PTC) cylinder in shear flow field. In the range of Reynolds number 3.5×104 ⩽Re⩽7.0×104, shear rate (K) and Reynolds number (Re) can affect the dynamic characteristics of the PTC cylinder. The results show that, in shear flow field, the trends of CDrms and CDrms of the PTC cylinder are the same as those in uniform flow field. When the parameter K is constant, CDrms and CDrms decrease with the increase of the parameter Re. When Re is constant, both CDrms and CDrms decrease with the increase of K. When Reynolds number is 3.5×104, the results about the wake shape of the PTC cylinder in the shear flow field show that the characteristics of the incoming flow will influence the pressure distribution to a greater extent and offset the influence of partial randomness to a certain extent. Compared with the randomness of KH instability of shear layer in the symmetric flow field, the difference of pressure distribution on the upper and lower surfaces of a cylinder in the shear flow field makes it easier to excite the periodic vorticity phenomenon.
Parameters optimization design of tape spring considering fatigue performance
Authors: Shi Xuesong , Ye Hongling , Li Bowen
Published: September 2019

As a crucial part of micro-satellite, the spatial deployable mechanism has the direct effects on satellite performance and success or failure of flight mission. With requirements of lightless and low cost for satellite, the tape spring hinges are widely used for their simple structural form, high reliability of deployment, high-driving performance and accurate positioning in deployable mechanism. Strain energy stored in the folding process of tape spring hinge is transformed into kinetic energy to achieve the deployment of solar panels. When in full deployment, the tape spring hinge can realize self-locking based on its critical moment. Tape spring is the crucial component of a novel space deployable structure that applied to solar panels. Its full deployment determines the normal function of satellite in space. Mechanical properties, steady-state moment and fatigue life, are observed in folding and deploying processes, which are affected by geometric parameters. Influences of thickness, subtended angle, radius and length on the fatigue life of tape spring are carried out to through numerical simulations so as to ensure a multi folding and deploying cycles for tape spring hinge. Results show that thickness has the greatest influence on the fatigue life, subtended angle and radius are second, and the influence of length on fatigue life is relatively small. On the basis, the optimal model is established based on response surface methodology with the thickness and radius as design variables, steady moment as constraint, and fatigue life as optimization objective. By using genetic algorithm to solve the model, optimal design is obtained within the constraint, and then the optimal design is remodeled and simulated, and the obtained results indicate the accuracy of the optimal design. This research could be a reference for the stability design of space deployable structures.
Study on the vibration of functionally graded microcantilevers immersed in fluids under photothermal excitation
Authors: Gu S , Song Y Q , Zheng Q
Published: September 2019

In this study, the dynamic response of FGM (Functionally graded materials) micro-cantilever immersed in fluids under high-frequency photothermal excitation was investigated theoretically. The temperature along the length of microcantilever can be obtained analytically by using Fourier heat conduction theory. The axial thermal stress varying along the thickness can be obtained by the temperature distribution. Using concept of physical neutral surface and thermal stress, photothermal driving force was obtained analytically by using thermoelastic theory. The hydrodynamic force was presented by means of Sader’s method. Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam model, effective bending modulus and effective density of the FGM cantilever, dynamical deflection fields in fluids can be obtained analytically by using mode superposition method. Theoretical analysis showed that the influence of volume fraction in vacuum or air is more significant than in fluids, and the volume fraction has a less influence when the dimension of microcantilever get smaller. This study can be valuable to users and designers of FG microcantilever-based structures in MEMS/NEMS.
Experimental study on underwater fin-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester based on wake galloping
Authors: Wang Yicong , Shan Xiaobiao , Feng Ju , Xie Tao
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a novel piezoelectric energy harvester based on wake galloping in water. This harvester consists of a bluff cylinder and a fin connected with a macro fiber composite (MFC) piezoelectric plate. The fluid flows through the upstream bluff cylinder and produces alternating shedding vortices behind it. Vortex shedding produces periodic crosswise vortex-induced force to drive the fin and piezoelectric plate vibrating to generate electricity. An experimental platform was established and several prototypes of energy harvesters were fabricated. The experimental results show that, under different flow velocity domains, the harvesting effect of the bluff cylinder with a diameter of 30 mm is the most ideal for the energy harvester with a fin length of 20, 30 and 40 mm. When the fin length is 20 mm, the output voltage changes most smoothly. To obtain stable open circuit output voltage, the spacing distance between the bluff cylinder with a diameter of 25 mm and the fin should be controlled within 3D, while, the spacing distance between the bluff cylinder with a diameter of 30 mm and the fin should be controlled within 2D. When the bluff cylinder with a diameter of 30 mm, a spacing distance of 100 mm, and a flow velocity of 0.427 m/s, the maximum open circuit output voltage of 7.289 V can be obtained. The present work provides an effective experimental foundation for the research of underwater fin-shaped vehicle’s dynamic endurance.
Fractal characterization of the oxidation structure in ZrB2-SiC composite after thermal shocks
Authors: Qi F , Meng S H , Wu P , Guo H , Zhao D , Chen T
Published: September 2019

The effect of the oxidation structure on the residual strength of ZrB2-SiC composite after repeated thermal shocks was investigated. The silica-rich glasses on the oxidation surface and pores in the oxidation layer were characterized using the fractal geometry method. Their fractal dimensions were calculated by Box-counting method. The increase of silica-rich glasses and the decrease of pores contributed to the increase of the residual strength of ZrB2-SiC after thermal shocks.
Some recent progress in singular stochastic partial differential equations
Authors: Corwin Ivan , Shen Hao
Published: September 2019

Stochastic partial differential equations are ubiquitous in mathematical modeling. Yet, many such equations are too singular to admit classical treatment. In this article we review some recent progress in defining, approximating, and studying the properties of a few examples of such equations. We focus mainly on the dynamicalΦ4\Phi ^4equation, the KPZ equation, and the parabolic Anderson model, as well as a few other equations which arise mainly in physics.
4. Scepticism as a way of life
Authors: Pritchard Duncan
Published: September 2019

‘Scepticism as a way of life’ considers the case for a moderate scepticism, by looking at the work of the philosopher Aristotle (384–322 bce). This idea concerns the role of the virtues, and the intellectual virtues in particular, in the ‘good life’ of human flourishing; what the ancient Greeks called eudaimonia. Understanding the role that the intellectual virtues play in the good life enables us to see how embracing a moderate scepticism could be necessary for living such a life. It also helps us to resolve a possible tension between adopting a healthy moderately sceptical attitude while at the same time living a life of genuine conviction.
3. Politics
Authors: Gutting Gary
Published: September 2019

It is difficult to classify Foucault in political terms and he was quite proud of that. ‘Politics’ explains that Foucault, like many other intellectuals of his generation, grew up in the shadow of Sartre, whose politics had an influence. Sartre’s defining political experience was the Second World War and German occupation in France. Foucault was an adolescent during the war. His adulthood started during a time of political instability in post-war France. He criticized Sartre’s idea of ethical and political absolutes. His attitude to politics is best described as ambivalent, especially towards Marxism. He seemed reluctant to judge, as there can be no authority of judgement except by those directly involved in a situation.
11. Foucault after Foucault
Authors: Gutting Gary
Published: September 2019

Foucault died leaving a large body of lectures and drafts unpublished. Of particular importance were thirteen years of lectures he delivered at the Collège de France, from 1971 to 1984. ‘Foucault after Foucault’ describes the content of these lectures, published in 1997, which exhibit the twists and turns of a mind constantly processing new material and reformulating its ideas. The lectures set out a general theme—the relation of truth and power—and show his research on sexuality was becoming complexly intertwined with studies of subjectivity, governmentality, and truth. In 2018, The Confessions of the Flesh was published, which was the next step in Foucault’s history of sexuality, dealing with the Christian Middle Ages.
5. The computer that cried
Authors: Evans Dylan
Published: September 2019

The most recent discipline to have entered the debate on emotion is artificial intelligence. Since the early 1990s, computer scientists have become increasingly interested in building systems and devices that can recognize and simulate human emotions, and workers in robotics are already making some progress in this area. ‘The computer that cried’ discusses recent developments in affective computing and speculates on where it will lead. Will we succeed in building robots that have feelings just like we do? What might be the consequences of such technology? We may find that building artificial life forms with emotions—either virtual agents in a simulated world or real physical robots—helps us to understand more about our own emotions.
Validation and Implementation of an Ordering Alert to Improve the Efficiency of Monoclonal Gammopathy Evaluation
Authors: Uljon Sacha N , Simmons Daimon P , Rudolf Joseph W , Baron Jason M , Dutta Sayon , McEvoy Dustin S , Murali Mandakolathur , Dighe Anand S
Published: September 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the use of a provider ordering alert to improve laboratory efficiency and reduce costs.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study to assess the use of an institutional reflex panel for monoclonal gammopathy evaluation. We then created a clinical decision support (CDS) alert to educate and encourage providers to change their less-efficient orders to the reflex panel.

Results

Our retrospective analysis demonstrated that an institutional reflex panel could be safely substituted for a less-efficient and higher-cost panel. The implemented CDS alert resulted in 79% of providers changing their high-cost order panel to an order panel based on the reflex algorithm.

Conclusions

The validated decision support alert demonstrated high levels of provider acceptance and directly led to operational and cost savings within the laboratory. Furthermore, these studies highlight the value of laboratory involvement with CDS efforts to provide agile and targeted provider ordering assistance.
A case report of Histoplasma capsulatum prosthetic valve endocarditis: an extremely rare presentation with characteristic findings
Authors: Adigun Rosalyn O , Baddour Larry M , Geske Jeffrey B
Published: September 2019

Background 

Histoplasma capsulatum is an extremely rare cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and can present with non-specific symptoms leading to a delay in diagnosis with unfavourable outcomes.

Case summary 

A 65-year-old male patient with a history of a bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement and non-obstructive coronary artery disease was admitted for altered mentation, failure to thrive, and a 20-pound unintentional weight loss over the past 4 months. Upon examination, he was lethargic but afebrile and haemodynamically stable. A late peaking ejection murmur was heard on exam. Skin exam was significant for embolic phenomenon involving the extremities. Inflammatory markers and serum calcium were elevated. A bedside echocardiogram showed severe obstruction across the aortic valve prosthesis. Two years prior, he had an echocardiogram with a normal functioning prosthesis. Routine blood cultures were negative and serologic screening was unrevealing. Urine Histoplasma antigen screen was positive on hospital day 3 and on hospital day 10, fungal blood cultures were positive for H. capsulatum. Unfortunately, the patient died shortly afterwards as a result of multiorgan failure from embolic manifestations of the infection.

Discussion 

Based on our patient's findings and those of previously reported cases in the literature, H. capsulatum PVE should be strongly considered in patients from endemic areas with non-specific symptoms and negative routine blood cultures.