bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan UMKM di Era New Normal Covid-1 Menuju Desa Ceguk Mandiri Berbasis Edu-Entrepreneur
Authors: Zayyadi Moh , Zali Moh , Aziz Mohammad Toriq
Published: April 2022

Penguatan, pengembangan dan kemandirian desa adalah suatu hal yang wajib dilakukan, karena dengan adanya penguatan desa melalui kemandirian menjadi kekuatan yang sangat besar bagi kemajuan desa tersebut. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan adanya pengembangan UMKM yang dapat memperkuat perekonomian usaha mikro sehingga dapat bertahan, mengembangkan dan lebih mandiri, terutama di dalam situasi pandemi covid-19. Dampak yang ditimbulkan sangat luas diantaranya pada bidang ekonomi dan bidang lainnya. Hal ini dirasakan oleh masyarakat desa Ceguk, pada kondisi pandemi, perekonomian masyarakat semakin menurun, Masalah ini akan terasa semakin parah apabila tidak ada usaha untuk memperkuatnya dan salah satu usaha untuk ini adalah melalui usaha UMKM missal kerupuk puli. Strategi Pemberdayaan UMKM meliputi strategi manajemen inovasi dan teknologi, edukasi entrepreneur untuk perubahan hidup yang lebih baik. Adapun target jangka panjang terhadap rencana pengembangan UMKM ini secara teoretis adalah agar semua masyarakat dapat menikmati kehidupan yang lebih baik, terpenuhi kebutuhan pangan dan sandang tanpa harus tergantung pada orang lain. Untuk merealisasikan rencana pengembangan UMKM ini maka metode yang dilakukan adalah mengunjungi kelompok/masyarakat yang akan dibina, membentuk binaan berupa home industri kecil kerupuk puli, melakukan pelatihan, memperbaiki mutu produk, pelatihan pembuatan kemasan, pembuatan logo produk, pelatihan analisis dan pengembangan usaha melalui strategi pemasaran secara online dan offline.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN MAHASISWA DALAM UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN PILKADA SERENTAK YANG BAIK DAN BERKUALITAS
Authors: Hilman Yusuf Adam , Harsono Jusuf , Khoirurrosyidin Khoirurrosyidin
Published: April 2022

Pelanggaran pilkada serentak di Indonesia merupakan persoalan penting, upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh petugas dirasa belum cukup, tim pengabdi kemudian melihat pelung dikarenakan banyaknya mahasiswa yang menjadi petugas pemilu, kemudian berupaya untuk melakukan optimalisasi pengetahuan dan juga ketrampilan dalam memahami berbagai bentuk pelanggaran pemilu, kemudian melakukan semacam pelatihan dengan dua kegiatan utama yakni webinar dan workshop online dan diakhiri dengan evaluasi kegiatan, dalam kegiatan tersebut kemudian diperoleh hasil bahwa ada peningkatan pemahaman etrkait pelanggaran dalam pemilukada.
DINAMIKA PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sari Ifit Novita , Daud Annisa , Oktavia Pajar , Apriwanti Vina
Published: April 2022

Covid-19 yang melanda dunia termasuk Indonesia menyisakan permasalahan yang tak kunjung selesai. Salah satunya pada ranah pendidikan yang memiliki masalah beragam. Kemampuan guru dalam menguasai teknologi informasi merupakan salah satunya. Demikian juga dengan siswa yang belum lazim dengan beberapa aplikasi pembelajaran online. Masalah ini dialami oleh siswa SD yang ada di wilayah RW. 06 Kelurahan Dinoyo. Mahasiwa KSM-T Unisma memiliki solusi untuk membantu masalah yang dihadapi oleh para siswa SD tersebut. Pendampingan yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa KSM-T kelompok 55 cukup membantu warga yang memiliki putra putri usia SD. Masalah pembelajaran online yang banyak dikeluhkan orang tua dan siswa pada masa pandemi ini mulai dipahami dan teratasi dengan adanya pendampingan yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa KSM-T.
PEMBUATAN STRAP MASK DAN PEMBAGIAN HAND SANITIZER SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN COVID-19 DI DESA RANDUSARI KECAMATAN GADINGREJO KOTA PASURUAN
Authors: Suhadak M , Ma'ruf M , Fitriyah Nabilah Nikmatul , Aulia Rose Mia , Firdaus Azizah
Published: April 2022

Covid-19 masih menjadi momok yang menghantui dunia ini, berbagai kegiatan pun dialihkan dengan sistem online dan dilakukan dari rumah, tidak terkecuali dengan kegiatan kuliah kerja nyata yang dilaksanakan Universitas PGRI Wiranegara Pasuruan pada tahun 2021 ini. Tujuan dari pengabdian masayarakat ini adalah untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dalam penggunaan strap masker dan handsaitizer pada saat keluar rumah. Metode pangabdian yaitu berupa pendampingan belajar untuk mengasah kreativitas remaja putri dan pembagian handsanitizer serta pemaparan cara pembuatannya secara lisan. Strap mask adalah salah satu fashion item yang sedang digandrungi oleh kalangan remaja di era Covid-19 ini, selain menarik saat digunakan, strap mask ini juga berfungsi sebagai penyangga masker ketika di buka agar tidak mudah kotor dan terkontaminasi. Tidak hanya itu, mahasiswa juga mengadakan pembagian hand sanitizer pada hari selanjutnya di Desa Randusari
PENGEMBANGAN DAN PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN ORGANISASI DALAM PENANAMAN NILAI RELIGIUS PADA MAHASISWA ANGGOTA UNIT KEROHANIAN MAHASISWA MUSLIM (UKMM) UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT
Authors: Widaty Cucu , Apriati Yuli , Hidayat Yusuf
Published: April 2022

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat tentang pengembangan dan peningkatan kemampuan organisasi dalam penanaman nilai religius pada mahasiswa anggota Unit Kerohanian Mahasiswa Muslim (UKMM) Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, pengabdian ini merupakan salah satu bentuk ketertarikan tim pengabdian dari Pendidikan Sosiologi ULM dalam permasalahan organisasi pada Unit Kerohanian Mahasiswa Muslim (UKMM). Metode yang digunakan adalah menonton video, ceramah, diskusi, dan evaluasi hasil akhir. Sasaran utama dalam pengabdian ini adalah 20 orang anggota Unit Kerohanian Mahasiswa Muslim (UKMM). Pelaksanaan kegiatan dimulai dengan menonton video bertema organisasi yang berisi seorang kehidupan aktivis mahasiswa pada organisasi keagamaan. Pada sesi akhir kegiatan dilanjutkan dengan diskusi dan sharing. Dalam kegiatan ini tim mencoba mendengarkan pertanyaan dan masukan dari para peserta dan mencari solusi dari permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut, terutama ketika organisasi yang sempat vakum saat pandemi covid-19. Tim pengabdian memberikan saran dan bimbingan cara meningkatkan kemampuan organisasi dalam menanamkan nilai religious yakni dengan memanfaatkan teknologi digital misalnya menjalankan kegiatan melalui virtual, membangun relasi yaitu berkolaborasi dengan organisasi keislaman lain misalnya dengan remaja masjid atau dewan kemakmuran masjid lainnya, memperluas jaringan dengan masyarakat luas, mengadakan bakti sosial dan gerakan infaq sodaqah, aktif di media sosial misalnya Instagram, youtube, twitter, pengurus dan anggota aktif menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan mengenai keislaman dengan mengikuti berbagai kajian. Selain itu tim memberikan dorongan dengan kata-kata positif bagi para anggota Unit Kerohanian Mahasiswa Muslim (UKMM). Tim juga berusaha membangun kepercayaan diri pada anggota Unit Kerohanian Mahasiswa Muslim supaya semangat menjalankan organisasi.
Peningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi Siswa di SDN 01 Arjowilangun
Authors: Samudra Rio Dandy , Chrisyarani Denna Delawanti , Yoel Theresa Christina , Saputro Wisnu Julian , Putri Zulva Nirmalani
Published: April 2022

Kuliah Kerja Nyata Tematik (KKNT) adalah salah satu bentuk pembelajaran dengan memberikan pengalaman belajar kepada mahasiswa di tengah kehidupan masyarakat dengan turut serta membantu memecahkan masalah berdasarkan kompetensi keilmuan. kurangnya sarana pendukung untuk memfasilitasi siswa dalam mengembangkan kemampuan literasi siswa pada SDN 01 Arjowilangun berdampak pada kurangnya pengembangan literasi, dan edukasi terhadap peserta didik. Upaya peningkatan kemampuan literasi dilakukan dengan  pengadaan ruang perpustakaan untuk membuat siswa lebih antusias dalam mengembangkan kemampuan literasinya.  Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan adalah metode observasi, pembagian kuisioner, dan  pendekatan secara langsung melalui kontribusi nyata. Hal ini di buktikan dengan hasil analisa kuisioner, bahwa  antusiasme siswa pada program Literasi Edukasi yang terlihat dari 16 responden, hampir seluruhnya puas dengan peningkatan kemampuan literasi siswa melalui literasi edukasi.  Upaya peningkatan kemampuan literasi dalam program ini dikatakan berhasil setelah melihat respon dari berbagai pihak mengenai keterlaksanaan program, dan peningkatan keefektifan literasi edukasi
Revitalisasi Nilai Kebangsaan pada Lingkup Organisasi Kemahasiswaan
Authors: Caturiani Susana Indriyati , Atika Dewie Brima , Faedlulloh Dodi
Published: April 2022

Organisasi mahasiswa ekstra kampus merupakan salah satu wadah bagi orang muda terdidik untuk berlatih hal keorganisasian. Namun demikian, pengetahuan dan keterampilan berorganisasi saja tidak cukup, karena suatu saat mereka dimungkinkan terlibat dalam organisasi publik, swasta maupun masyarakat sipil. Pengenalan dan kecintaan pada tanah air dan bangsanya merupakan aspek yang amat penting, terlebih ditengah gencarnya penyebaran gagasan-gagasan yang dapat menganggu suasana kebhinekaan Indonesia. Kegiatan ini bertujuan memfasilitasi mereka mengidentifikasi kembali dan mencari cara internalisasi nilai kebangsaan secara kekinian. Kegiatan yang berbentuk workshop ini menggunakan pendekatan partisipasi aktif. Secara umum, para peserta mengalami pengalaman toleran, dua orang pernah mendapatkan perlakuan intoleran dimasa anak-anak dan remaja. Para partisipan memahami dan mempraktikan sikap toleransi, sebagai nilai dasar dalam kebhinekaan. Penyebaran nilai kebangsaan menghadapi tantangan; fanatisme, tingkat pendidikan, sikap apatis para agent of change dan kepentingan kelompok. Solusi dan cara yang ditawarkan adalah edukasi formal dan informal serta mengoptimalkan teknologi informasi dan mereka berperan menjadi agen perubahan didalamnya
OPTIMALISASI PENGUATAN EKONOMI KELUARGA DI PULAU TEGAL SEBAGAI DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Karmilasari Vina , Sutiyoso Bambang Utoyo , Puspawati Ani Agus , Utami Anisa
Published: April 2022

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk  mendorong keluarga di Pulau Tegal Desa Gebang untuk  lebih memahami bagaimana mengoptimalkan ekonomi keluarga di masa pandemi covid-19 dan mendorong para perempuan di Pulau Tegal untuk membantu kepala keluraga dalam rangka penguatan ekonomi keluarga. Kondisi demografi Pulau Tegal Desa Gebang yang sebagian besar penduduknya bekerja sebagai nelayan dan pembuat kapal menunjukkan kehidupan penduduk pulau ini masih jauh dari kata ekonomi sejahtera. Perempaun memiliki peran dalam mendukung ketahanan ekonomi keluarga. Pentingnya pemahaman konsep family preneur dan Melek finansial melalui kolaborasi aktor bertujuan agar perempuan di Pulau Tegal Desa Gebang mampu bertahan dan mendukung ketahanan ekonomi keluarga di tengah kondisi pandemic covid 19. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan metode FGD (Fucus Group Discussion) dengan beberapa tahapan. Metode yang dilakukan ada 3 tahap: A) Analisis situasi dilakukan melalui penelusuran penelitian dan kajian tema yang berkaitan. B) Intervensi Objek dengan ceramah, focus group discussion dan pendampingan. Tema ceramah yaitu 1) Keharmonisan keluarga mendukung ketahanan ekonmi keluaraga; 2) Pentingnya Family Preneur; 3) Melek Finansial; dan 4) Kolaborasi membangun ekonomi keluarga. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan pre dan post test sebagai metode pengukuran kuantitatif terhadap perubahan kognitif sebelum dan setelah pelaksanaan. Secara kuantitatif nilai rata-rata peserta sebelum dilaksanakan kegiatan adalah 63,6 dan mengalami kemaikan menjadi 70,32 setelah dilaksanakan kegiatan pelatihan. Kenaikan rata-rata sebesar 6,72 poin. Perubahan angka kognitif menunjukkan dampak positif kognitif warga tentang penguatan ekonomi keluarga
EVALUASI FORMULASI KEBIJAKAN SMART VILLAGE PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Fitriana Mira , Hermawan Dedy , Caturiani Susana Indriyati
Published: April 2022

This study aims to evaluate the formulation of policies regarding the implementation regulations and locus determination of the Smart Village program of Lampung Province through the issue of process, content and form of policy. The type of research used is descriptive with qualitative approach. Data is generated from interviews, observations and documentation. The results of the study obtained that the policy formulation process of the Smart Village program of Lampung Province uses an institutional approach, namely the Office of Community Empowerment, Village and Transmigration of Lampung Province as a policy formulator in coordination with the Regional Development Planning Agency of Lampung Province as well as harmonization of regulations with the Law Bureau of the Secretariat of Lampung Province. The policy content of the Smart Village program in Lampung Province is in accordance with the problems in the village and the strategic issues of the village in Lampung Province as well as the goals to be achieved in the Smart Village concept. The policy form of The Smart Village program of Lampung Province is in accordance with the macro, micro and word-by-word forms in accordance with the guidelines for the preparation of regional legal products contained in Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs No.80 of 2015 concerning the Establishment of Regional Legal Products. In the future, it is expected that in the smart village policy formulation of Lampung Province also prioritizes a bottom-up approach. In addition, in order to strengthen the implementation, the Master Plan and other technical policies are immediately established. Then in the framework of monitoring and evaluation so that it is not only implemented by the Lampung Provincial Government, but also from the village government and the village community as the recipients of the program so that it becomes an improvement in the formulation process and implementation of the next Smart Village policy of Lampung Province.
Digital Transformation of the Arctic oil and gas industrial complex: new challenges and opportunities.
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Mining university, Tretyakov Nikita A. , Cherepovitsyn Aleksey E. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining university
Published: April 2022

Currently, digital transformation has become one of the global technological trends. For the effective development of the mineral resource base and the implementation of planned projects, it is necessary to update technological solutions in order to optimize business processes along the entire value chain of the product. This topic is especially relevant for the national oil and gas complex. The existing problems associated with the depletion of traditional hydrocarbon reserves, the complication of mining and geological conditions and the need to search for new sources of resource development require fundamentally new technological solutions. Modern conditions for the functioning of energy markets, associated with a high degree of uncertainty in macroeconomic parameters, the activation of "green" trends and the development of approaches to responsible financing, also form new requirements for the industry and the oil and gas companies themselves. Today, the introduction of digital technologies is one of the most important areas for the development of the oil and gas sector. The purpose of the work is to study and justify new challenges and opportunities for digital transformation of the oil and gas complex in the Arctic. The paper defines the role of digital transformation for the mineral resource complex (MCC), explores the key areas, dynamics and development trends of this process. The analysis of the existing experience of domestic and foreign companies in the framework of the introduction of digital technologies in the oil and gas sector was carried out. The decomposition of the tasks of digital transformation of oil and gas companies is given. The role of the digital transformation of the Arctic oil and gas complex is substantiated by systematizing key external and internal challenges. A list of technologies relevant for implementation in the development of hydrocarbon resource potential in the Arctic has been developed, the main effects of digitalization have been systematized, and potential difficulties in implementing this process in the current conditions have been identified.
THE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS GOOGLE TRANSLATE
Authors: Martina Mulyani  , Fakhrunisa Afina
Published: April 2022

Google Translate (GT) is a tool commonly used by those who learn translation in higher education. While the research on GT mostly evaluated GT through experimental design, very few studies have focused on student perceptions of GT. Hence, this research intends to investigate their students’ attitudes of GT performance. 24 students of higher education in Cimahi participated in the study. The data about students’ attitude include behavior, cognitive, and affective attitude. They were gathered through questionnaire and interview. The result revealed that in behavioral attitude, the students’ often use GT to check the meaning of unknown word and translating a sentence. Meanwhile, the cognitive attitude indicated that few students assume that GT is ethically acceptable regardless of how it is used because it is helpful in the language learning process. In the affective attitude, GT is positive because they felt like using GT in translation. Even, some of them felt helped by GT’s assistance and the other reason was GT was easy to use. In short, student’s regard GT as a useful tool in translation depending on the way how one uses the tool.
Efficacy of Li-Zhong Decoction in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors:   Heilongjiang University of TCM, Liu Yuzhou , Zhang Yang , Zhang Zhijia , Fu Qiang , Fu Yin , Li Zhixiang , Zhang Chenyu , Wang Xiaoyu
Published: April 2022

Review question / Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of LZD in the treatment of FD. In this study, all theory is adopted the soup randomized controlled trials for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Condition being studied: Although the disease is not life-threatening, it can take a psychological and financial toll on sufferers. At present, the efficacy of conventional treatment is not significant. Previous studies have shown that Lizhong decoction is safe and effective, but there is a lack of systematic evaluation. The purpose of this study was to systematically study the efficacy of LZD in the treatment of FD patients.
EDTECH START-UPS IN THE EDUCATION ECOSYSTEM IN THE POST-COVID-19 ERA IN INDIA
Authors: Sikandar M.A. , Rahman P.F.
Published: April 2022

The widespread and growing use of digital technology is reshaping the teaching-learning process in India. Covid-19 pandemic accelerated such online learning and gave birth to several Education Technology (EdTech) start-ups in India and across the globe. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the forced online has created a digital divide in developing countries like India. The digital divide is not restricted to developing countries but also some developed countries. EdTech companies promise cost-saving, flexible and a personal learning experience (LeX). It is also scalable to reach the unreached population of the country to improve the gross enrollment ratio (GER). These Edtech companies have existed for close to two decades and promised a great future in the education space. The sudden growth of EdTech companies in India also tapped learners' skilling and up-skilling or learning new skills while still enrolling with the colleges and university institutions. As per the funding pattern, India is the most preferred country for Edtech funding by foreign investors. The Government of India has been giving a digital push in the education sector through its various regulatory agencies, fueling growth for Edtech companies in India. The present study evaluates the changing nature of the education ecosystem because of the unexpected impetus of EdTech start-ups in India. The study also explores the potential growth opportunities and sustainability of the Edtech start-ups in India.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF USING INSTAGRAM ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Authors: Prajapati Sneha H. , Chaudhari Ansuya N.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research paper is to find the consequences on the English Language by the use of Instagram. In the Age of Information and Technology, people are connected with each other with the help of using various Social Networking Sites like WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Telegram, etc. With the help of all these Social Networking Sites, one can share his/her views, ideas and knowledge to anyone in the world. All these things have played an important role to form the English Language as the ‘World Language’. All these are the positive impacts but there are some negative impacts on the English Language of using all these communicative applications. The researcher will analyse the consequences of Instagram messages on English Language with the help of various parameters like transformation in grammar: articles, spellings and improper capitalization, sentence structure, abbreviations, punctuation marks, transliteration and use of numbers and symbols.
Computational Modelling of the Aerodynamic Noise of the Full-Scale Pantograph of High-Speed Trains
Authors: Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad  , Naser Mohammed Aljameel  , Ramy Elsayed Shaltout
Published: April 2022

High speed rail systems have significantly developed due to the increased demand on the rail transportation in the recent years. The necessity for enhancing the environmental sustainability of the rail systems imposed many challenges for the researchers to decrease the level of noise generated by the high speed rail systems. This paper aims to investigate the aerodynamic noise of the pantograph of the high-speed trains in different operating conditions. Computational fluid dynamics technique was used to assess the acoustic noise of the pantograph components. Three-dimensional computational simulations were performed using FLUENT software. Comprehensive analyses of the acoustic pressure and the air velocity distributions were accomplished for the detailed full-scale pantograph components. A modified model for the pantograph was introduced to reduce the aerodynamic noise of the pantograph’s panhead. Good agreement was found between the obtained results and the reported results in the literature. Different design profile for the collector was then presented as a possible solution for the reduction of both the aerodynamic noise and the reduction of the fluctuating forces at the panhead-catenary interaction, which affects the quality of the power transmitted to the high-speed train. Vortex shedding was the main source of noise at the pantograph panhead and knee. Based on the obtained computational results, it was found that the use of an elliptic-edge cross-section bars can be a potential modification in the collector shape that can reduce the aerodynamic noise at the panhead.
Associations of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A Levels with Obesity in Children: The Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015 to 2017
Authors: Seo Moon Young , Moon Shinje , Kim Shin-Hye , Park Mi Jung
Published: April 2022

Background: Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are synthetic chemicals widely used in daily life. This study investigated urinary phthalate and BPA levels in Korean children and their associations with obesity. Methods: A total of 2,351 children aged 3 to 17 years who participated in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2015 to 2017 were included. Urinary dilution was corrected using covariate-adjusted standardization (CAS). We examined the geometric mean (GM) concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolites, including di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (mono [2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl] phthalate, mono [2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl] phthalate, and mono [2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl] phthalate [MECPP]), mono-benzyl-phthalate (MBzP), mono (carboxyoctyl) phthalate (MCOP), mono (carboxy-isononyl) phthalate (MCNP), mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, and mono-n-butyl-phthalate (MnBP), and BPA. We also analyzed the odds ratio (OR) for obesity according to the quartiles of each analyte. Results: The urinary GM levels of DEHP metabolites and MnBP were notably higher among Korean children than among American, Canadian, and German children. The CAS-applied GM concentrations of most analytes, except for MBzP, MCOP, and MCNP, were higher in children aged 3 to 5 years than in those aged 6 to 17 years. The OR for obesity in the highest quartile of MECPP was significantly higher than in the lowest quartile after adjusting for covariates. However, the other phthalate metabolites and BPA were not significantly associated with obesity. Conclusion: The concentrations of urinary DEHP metabolites and MnBP were higher in Korean children than in children in Western countries. Urinary MECPP exposure, but not other phthalates or BPA, showed a positive association with obesity in Korean children. Further studies are required to elucidate the causal relationships.
mRNA AŞILARINDA GÜNCEL YAKLAŞIMLAR
Authors: BATUR Kamil , YARDIMCI Hakan
Published: April 2022

Tarihteki ilk aşının 1796 yılında Edward Jenner tarafından geliştirilmesinden günümüze kadar geçen süreçte birçok hastalığa karşı aşı geliştirilmiştir ve etkili olarak kullanılmıştır. Son yıllarda giderek popülerleşen mRNA aşılarının geçmişi 90’lı yıllara kadar dayanmaktadır. Wolf ve arkadaşlarının 1990 yılında lusiferaz ve beta-galaktosidaz enzimlerini kodlayan mRNA’ları farelere kas içi uyguyalarak bu proteinleri in vivo olarak gözlemlemeleri mRNA aşılarının gelişiminde önemli bir basamak olmuştur. mRNA aşıları bir Cap Bölgesi, 5’ ve 3’ translasyona uğramayan bölgeler, açık okuma bölgesi ve Poli A kuyruğundan oluşur. Geleneksel mRNA aşıları ve kendi kendini çoğaltan mRNA aşıları olarak iki gruba ayrılırlar. İki grup da hücre translasyon mekanizmalarını kullanarak antijen üretir. mRNA’nın stabilitesini ve translasyon verimini arttırmak için Cap, UTR, Poli A kuyruğu gibi bölgeler ve nükleotid bazlar optimize edilmelidir. mRNA’nın hücre içine iletimi için viral vektörler, peptid, polimer ve lipid tabanlı vektörler kullanılabilir. Hedef bölge sakansını içeren bir pDNA tasarımı ile başlayan üretim süreci, optimizasyon ve kalıntılardan arındırma ile devam eder. Son ürün bir taşıma sistemi içerisine dahil edilir ve ürünün proteine çevrilme yeteneği test edilir. mRNA aşıları, genome entegre olmaması, nispeten kolay ve hızlı bir şekilde üretilebilmeleri ve güçlü bir bağışıklık yanıtı oluşturmaları gibi avantajları nedeniyle tercih edilen bir aşı platformu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemede mRNA aşıları ve optimizasyonu hakkında genel bilgiler verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
HALK SAĞLIĞI AÇISINDAN ÖNEMLİ GIDA KAYNAKLI VİRAL ETKENLER
Authors: ÇAKMAK Ömer , ACARÖZ Ulaş , GÜN Hüseyin
Published: April 2022

Son yıllarda gıda kaynaklı viral enfeksiyonlar artan bir önem kazanmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışması, gıda kaynaklı virüsler ile ilgili literatür ve bulgular hakkında bir güncelleme sağlamaktadır. Virüsler düşük enfeksiyon dozuna sahip olan stabil ve enfektivite kaybı olmaksızın gıdalarda uzun süre kalabilen zorunlu hücre içi mikroorganizmalardır. Bu nedenle gıdalar viral etkenlerin insanlara bulaşmasında vektör durumundadır. Mide asiditesi, bağırsak enzimleri ile alkali şartlar ve konakçı savunma sistemi gibi olumsuz koşullarda canlılıklarını sürdürebilirler. İnsan norovirüsü (HuNoV), insan rota virüsü (HRV), hepatit A virüsü (HAV), hepatit E virüsü (HEV), insan astrovirüsü (HAstV), Aichi virüsü (AiV), sapovirüs (SaV), insan adenovirüsü HAdV) ve enterovirüs (EV) halk sağlığı açısından gıda kaynaklı en önemli viral etkenler olarak bilinmektedir. Ayrıca, bulaşıcı kuş gribi virüsü (H5N1) ve Nipah virüsü (NiV) hem insan hem de hayvanlarda son yıllarda ciddi hastalık nedeni olarak görülen önemli zoonoz etkenlerdir. Gıda kaynaklı viral enfeksiyonlarda bulaşma esas olarak, fekal-oral yolla olmaktadır. Dışkı ile kontamine sulardan avlanan kabuklu deniz ürünleri başta olmak üzere bazı gıdalar veya su viral etkenlerin potansiyel kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Diğer taraftan enfekte personel tarafından hazırlanan çiğ veya yeterince pişirilmeden tüketilen ya da pişirildikten sonra kontamine olan gıdalar da önemli bulaşma kaynağıdır. Günümüzde gıda kaynaklı viral etkenlerin tespitinde PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) temelli yöntemler yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Virüslerin kontrolünde gıda maddelerine uygulanan soğutma ve dondurma işlemlerinin haricinde son dönemlerde yüksek basınçlı işleme (HPP: High pressure processing), soğuk plazma (CP: Cold plasma), ultraviyole ışık (UV: Ultraviolet light), ışınlama ve darbeli elektrik alanı (PEF: Pulsed electric field) gibi termal olmayan teknolojik gıda işleme yöntemlerinin kullanımı da önem kazanmaktadır.
LINKING SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES: A PROPOSED FRAMEWORK
Authors: Saad Nourhan Ahmed , Elgazzar Sara , Mlaker Kac Sonja
Published: April 2022

This research proposes a framework linking supply chain management (SCM) practices to customer relationship management (CRM) objectives through better organizational performance. First, critical review was conducted to identify the relationship between SCM practices and organizational performance. Then, a systematic review of published research work on CRM objectives for last two decades was conducted with the purpose of identifying key variables for CRM objectives and their impact on SCM practices through managing organizational performance. The review revealed a set of main variables for CRM objectives (customer satisfaction and customer loyalty). Upon which, a theoretical framework has been developed linking SCM practices to CRM objectives through enhancing organizational performance. This work brings together the concepts of SCM practices and organizational performance. It also provides a comprehensive review on CRM objectives over a time span (2000–2019) in order to develop the framework between SCM practices and CRM objectives through better organizational performance. The proposed framework can help practitioners to understand SCM practices that can lead to better CRM and hence better organizational performance.
Dynamical Architecture of the HD 107148 Planetary System
Authors: Eberhardt Jan , Trifonov Trifon , Kürster Martin , Stock Stephan , Henning Thomas , Wollbold Anna , Reffert Sabine , Lee Man Hoi , Zechmeister Mathias , Rodler Florian , Zakhozhay Olga , Heeren Paul , Gandolfi Davide , Barragán Oscar , Tala Pinto Marcelo , Wolthoff Vera , Sarkis Paula , Brems Stefan S.
Published: April 2022

We present an independent Doppler validation and dynamical orbital analysis of the two-planet system HD 107148, which was recently announced in Rosenthal et al. Our detailed analyses are based on literature HIRES data and newly obtained HARPS and CARMENES radial-velocity (RV) measurements as part of our survey in search for additional planets around single-planet systems. We perform a periodogram analysis of the available HIRES and HARPS precise RVs and stellar activity indicators. We do not find any apparent correlation between the RV measurements and the stellar activity indicators, thus linking the two strong periodicities to a moderately compact multiplanet system. We carry out orbital fitting analysis by testing various one- and two-planet orbital configurations and studying the posterior probability distribution of the fitted parameters. Our results solidify the existence of a Saturn-mass planet (HD 107148b, discovered first) with a period of P
b ∼ 77.2 days and a second, eccentric (e
c ∼ 0.4), Neptune-mass exoplanet (HD 107148c) with an orbital period of P
c ∼ 18.3 days. Finally, we investigate the two-planet system’s long-term stability and overall orbital dynamics with the posterior distribution of our preferred orbital configuration. Our N-body stability simulations show that the system is long-term stable and exhibits large secular osculations in eccentricity but in no particular mean motion resonance configuration. The HD 107148 system, consisting of a solar-type main-sequence star with two giant planets in a rare configuration, features a common proper-motion white dwarf companion and is therefore a valuable target for understanding the formation and evolution of planetary systems.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Dust Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk: Crystalline to Amorphous Silicate Ratio in Comets
Authors: Okamoto Tamami , Ida Shigeru
Published: April 2022

The observationally inferred crystalline abundance in silicates in comets, which should have been formed in the outer region of a protoplanetary disk, is relatively high (∼10%–60%), although crystalline silicates would be formed by the annealing of amorphous precursors in the inner disk region. In order to quantitatively address this puzzle, we performed a Monte Carlo simulation of the advection/diffusion of silicate particles in a turbulent disk in a setting based on the pebble accretion model: pebbles consisting of many small amorphous silicates embedded in an icy mantle are formed in the outer disk region, silicate particles are released at the snow line, crystalline silicate particles are produced at the annealing line, silicate particles diffuse beyond the snow line, and they eventually stick to drifting pebbles to return to the snow line. In the simple case without sticking and with steady pebble flux, we show through the simulations and analytical arguments that the crystalline components in silicate materials beyond the snow line are robustly and uniformly ≃5%. On the other hand, in a more realistic case with sticking and with a decaying pebble flux, the crystalline abundance increases to ∼20%–25%, depending on the ratio of the decay to diffusion timescales. This abundance is consistent with the observations. In this investigation, we assume a simple steady-accretion disk. The simulations coupled with the disk evolution are needed for a more detailed comparison with observed data.
RW Aur A: SpeX Spectral Evidence for Differentiated Planetesimal Formation, Migration, and Destruction in an ∼3 Myr Old Excited CTTS System
Authors: Lisse C. M. , Sitko M. L. , Wolk S. J. , Günther H. M. , Brittain S. , Green J. D. , Steckloff J. , Johnson B. , Espaillat C. C. , Koutoulaki M. , Moorman S. Y. , Jackson A. P.
Published: April 2022

We present 2007–2020 SpeX VISNIR spectral monitoring of the highly variable RW Aur A CTTS. We find direct evidence for a highly excited, IR-bright, asymmetric, and time-variable system. Comparison of the spectral and temporal trends found determines five different components: (1) a stable continuum from 0.7 to 1.3 μm, with color temperature ∼4000 K, produced by the CTTS photospheric surface; (2) variable hydrogen emission lines emitted from hot excited hydrogen in the CTTS’s protostellar atmosphere/accretion envelope; (3) hot CO gas in the CTTS’s protostellar atmosphere/accretion envelope; (4) highly variable 1.8–5.0 μm thermal continuum emission with color temperature ranging from 1130 to 1650 K, due to a surrounding accretion disk that is spatially variable and has an inner wall at r ∼ 0.04 au and T ∼ 1650 K and outer edges at ∼1200 K; and (5) transient, bifurcated signatures of abundant Fe ii + associated S i, Si i, and Sr i in the system’s jet structures. The bifurcated signatures first appeared in 2015, but these collapsed and disappeared into a small single-peaked protostellar atmosphere feature by late 2020. The temporal evolution of RW Aur A’s spectral signatures is consistent with a dynamically excited CTTS system forming differentiated Vesta-sized planetesimals in an asymmetric accretion disk and migrating them inward to be destructively accreted. By contrast, nearby coeval binary companion RW Aur B evinces only a stable WTTS photospheric continuum from 0.7 to 1.3 μm + cold CO gas in absorption + stable 1.8–5.0 μm thermal disk continuum emission with color temperature ∼1650 K.
Influences of Internal Forcing on Atmospheric Circulations of Irradiated Giant Planets
Authors: Lian Yuchen , Showman Adam P. , Tan Xianyu , Hu Yongyun
Published: April 2022

Close-in giant planets with strong stellar irradiation show atmospheric circulation patterns with strong equatorial jets and global-scale stationary waves. So far, almost all modeling works on atmospheric circulations of such giant planets have mainly considered external radiation alone, without taking into account the role of internal heat fluxes or just treating it in very simplified ways. Here, we study atmospheric circulations of strongly irradiated giant planets by considering the effect of internal forcing, which is characterized by small-scale stochastic interior thermal perturbations, using a three-dimensional atmospheric general circulation model. We show that the perturbation-excited waves can largely modify atmospheric circulation patterns in the presence of relatively strong internal forcing. Specifically, our simulations demonstrate three circulation regimes: a superrotation regime, a midlatitude-jet regime, and a quasi-periodic oscillation regime, depending on the relative importance of external and internal forcings. It is also found that strong internal forcing can cause noticeable modifications of the thermal phase curves.
Variability Timescales of Hα on Active Mid-to-late M dwarfs
Authors: Medina Amber A. , Charbonneau David , Winters Jennifer G. , Irwin Jonathan , Mink Jessica
Published: April 2022

We present a study of the variation timescales of the chromospheric activity indicator Hα on a sample of 13 fully convective, active mid-to-late M stars with masses between 0.1 and 0.3 solar masses. Our goal was to determine the dominant variability timescale and, by inference, a possible mechanism responsible for the variation. We gathered 10 or more high-resolution spectra each of 10 stars using the TRES spectrograph at times chosen to span all phases of stellar rotation, as determined from photometric data from the MEarth Observatories. All stars varied in their Hα emission. For nine of these stars, we found no correlation between Hα and rotational phase, indicating that constant emission from fixed magnetic structures, such as star spots and plage, are unlikely to be the dominant source of Hα emission variability. In contrast, one star, G 7–34, shows a clear relationship between Hα and stellar rotational phase. Intriguingly, we found that this star is a member of the AB Doradus moving group and hence has the young age of 149 Myr. High-cadence spectroscopic observations of three additional stars revealed that they are variable on timescales ranging from 20 to 45 minutes, which we posit may be due to flaring behavior. For one star, GJ 1111, simultaneous TESS photometry and spectroscopic monitoring show an increase in Hα emission with increased photometric brightness. We conclude that low-energy flares are able to produce variation in Hα on the timescales we observe and thus may be the dominant source of Hα variability on active fully convective M dwarfs.
A Channel to Form Fast-spinning Black Hole–Neutron Star Binary Mergers as Multimessenger Sources
Authors: Hu Rui-Chong , Zhu Jin-Ping , Qin Ying , Zhang Bing , Liang En-Wei , Shao Yong
Published: April 2022

After the successful detection of a gravitational-wave (GW) signal and its associated electromagnetic (EM) counterparts from GW170817, neutron star–black hole (NSBH) mergers have been highly expected to be the next type of multimessenger source. However, despite the detection of several NSBH merger candidates during the GW third observation run, no confirmed EM counterparts from these sources have been identified. The most plausible explanation is that these NSBH merger candidates were plunging events mainly because the primary black holes (BHs) had near-zero projected aligned spins based on GW observations. In view of the fact that neutron stars (NSs) can be easily tidally disrupted by BHs with high projected aligned spins, we study an evolution channel to form NSBH binaries with fast-spinning BHs, the properties of BH mass and spin, and their associated tidal disruption probability. We find that if the NSs are born first, the companion helium stars would be tidally spun up efficiently, and would thus finally form fast-spinning BHs. If BHs do not receive significant natal kicks at birth, these NSBH binaries that can merge within Hubble time would have BHs with projected aligned spins χ

z
≳ 0.8 and, hence, can certainly allow tidal disruption to happen. Even if significant BH kicks are considered for a small fraction of NSBH binaries, the projected aligned spins of BHs are χ

z
≳ 0.2. These systems can still be disrupted events unless the NSs are very massive. Thus, NS-first-born NSBH mergers would be promising multimessenger sources. We discuss various potential EM counterparts associated with these systems and their detectability in the upcoming fourth observation run.
On the Conservation of Turbulence Energy in Turbulence Transport Models
Authors: Wang B.-B. , Zank G. P. , Adhikari L. , Zhao L.-L.
Published: April 2022

Zank et al. developed models describing the transport of low-frequency incompressible and nearly incompressible turbulence in inhomogeneous flows. The formalism was based on expressing the fluctuating variables in terms of the Elsässar variables and then taking “moments” subject to various closure hypotheses. The turbulence transport models are different according to whether the plasma beta regime is large, of order unity, or small. Here, we show explicitly that the three sets of turbulence transport models admit a conservation representation that resembles the well-known WKB transport equation for Alfvén wave energy density after introducing appropriate definitions of the “pressure” associated with the turbulent fluctuations. This includes introducing a distinct turbulent pressure tensor for 3D incompressible turbulence (the large plasma beta limit) and pressure tensors for quasi-2D and slab turbulence (the plasma beta order-unity or small regimes) that generalize the form of the WKB pressure tensor. Various limits of the different turbulent pressure tensors are discussed. However, the analogy between the conservation form of the turbulence transport models and the WKB model is not close for multiple reasons, including that the turbulence models express fully nonlinear physical processes unlike the strictly linear WKB description. The analysis presented here both serves as a check on the validity and correctness of the turbulence transport models and also provides greater transparency of the energy dissipation term and the “turbulent pressure” in our models, which is important for many practical applications.
Exponential Integrators for Resistive Magnetohydrodynamics: Matrix-free Leja Interpolation and Efficient Adaptive Time Stepping
Authors: Deka Pranab J. , Einkemmer Lukas
Published: April 2022

We propose a novel algorithm for the temporal integration of the resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. The approach is based on exponential Rosenbrock schemes in combination with Leja interpolation. It naturally preserves Gauss’s law for magnetism and is unencumbered by the stability constraints observed for explicit methods. Remarkable progress has been achieved in designing exponential integrators and computing the required matrix functions efficiently. However, employing them in MHD simulations of realistic physical scenarios requires a matrix-free implementation. We show how an efficient algorithm based on Leja interpolation that only uses the right-hand side of the differential equation (i.e., matrix free) can be constructed. We further demonstrate that it outperforms Krylov-based exponential integrators as well as explicit and implicit methods using test models of magnetic reconnection and the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Furthermore, an adaptive step-size strategy that gives excellent and predictable performance, particularly in the lenient- to intermediate-tolerance regime that is often of importance in practical applications, is employed.
Free Inclinations for Trans-Neptunian Objects in the Main Kuiper Belt
Authors: Huang 黄 Yukun 宇坤 , Gladman Brett , Volk Kathryn
Published: April 2022

There is a complex inclination structure present in the trans-Neptunian object (TNO) orbital distribution in the main classical-belt region (between orbital semimajor axes of 39 and 48 au). The long-term gravitational effects of the giant planets make TNO orbits precess, but nonresonant objects maintain a nearly constant “free” inclination (I
free) with respect to a local forced precession pole. Because of the likely cosmogonic importance of the distribution of this quantity, we tabulate free inclinations for all main-belt TNOs, each individually computed using barycentric orbital elements with respect to each object’s local forcing pole. We show that the simplest method, based on the Laplace–Lagrange secular theory, is unable to give correct forcing poles for objects near the ν
18 secular resonance, resulting in poorly conserved I
free values in much of the main belt. We thus instead implemented an averaged Hamiltonian to obtain the expected nodal precession for each TNO, yielding significantly more accurate free inclinations for nonresonant objects. For the vast majority (96%) of classical-belt TNOs, these I
free values are conserved to < 1° over 4 Gyr numerical simulations, demonstrating the advantage of using this well-conserved quantity in studies of the TNO population and its primordial inclination profile; our computed distributions only reinforce the idea of a very coplanar surviving “cold” primordial population, overlain by a large I-width implanted “hot” population.
The complete mitochondrial genomes of five Agrilinae (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) species and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Wei Zhonghua
Published: April 2022

Five complete mitochondrial genomes of five species from the subfamily Agrilinae were sequenced and annotated, including Coraebus diminutus Gebhardt, 1928 (15,499 bp), Coraebus cloueti Théry, 1893 (15,514 bp), Meliboeus sinae Obenberger, 1935 (16,108 bp), Agrilus sichuanus Jendek, 2011 (16,521 bp), and Sambus femoralis Kerremans, 1892 (15,367 bp). These mitogenomes ranged from 15,367 to 16,521 bp in length and encoded 37 typical mitochondrial genes: 13 protein-coding genes (13 PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (2 rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (22 tRNAs), and a control region (CR). Most of PCGs had typical ATN start codons and terminated with TAR or an incomplete stop codon T–. Among these five mitogenomes, Leu2, Ile, Phe, Ser2, Gly, Met, and Val were the seven most frequently encoded amino acids. Interestingly, in A. sichuanus, a 774 bp insertion was present at trnW and trnC junction, which is unusual in Buprestidae. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses were performed based on three kinds of nucleotide matrixes (13 PCGs, 2 rRNAs, and 13 PCGs + 2 rRNAs) using Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood methods. The results showed that the clade of Buprestidae was well separated from outgroups and all Agrilinae species formed to a single highly supported clade. The tribe Coraebini was polyphyletic, as the genus Meliboeus (Coraebini) clustered with the genus Trachys (Tracheini). The rRNA genes had important impact for the tree topology of Agrilinae. Compared to the tribes Tracheini and Agrilini, the tribe Coraebini is a younger group.
Andreas Huber, Linda Erker, Klaus Taschwer, Der deutsche Klub. Austro-Nazis in der Hofburg , Vienne, Czernin Verlag, 2020, 299 p.
Authors: Dedryvère Laurent
Published: April 2022

L’ouvrage retrace l’histoire d’une organisation pangermaniste autrichienne, le Deutscher Klub , depuis sa fondation à Vienne en 1908 jusqu’à sa dissolution en 1939, et même au-delà. En 1957 l’organisation a été ressuscitée sous le nom de Neuer Klub , et elle existe encore aujourd’hui. Ce livre propose une très bonne étude de l’histoire du pangermanisme et de l’extrême droite en Autriche sur le temps long.
Le criminologue au sein de la cité
Authors: Seron Vincent
Published: April 2022

La criminologie semble à l’heure actuelle constituer une voie de plus en plus prisée par les étudiants en quête de formation. Mais qu’adviendra-t-il de ces futurs diplômés ? En retraçant la quête du criminologue pour ancrer sa place dans la cité, cette contribution revient sur les questionnements relatifs à l’identité professionnelle du criminologue ainsi que sur les leviers et les obstacles auxquels il est confronté. S’il a pu par le passé être caractérisé comme une lente marche à l’ombre, ce voyage semble aujourd’hui revêtir les atours d’une véritable conquête notamment pour revendiquer une place au sein de l’appareil pénal et de l’institution judiciaire auxquels il est intimement lié.