bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profile Microscopic Profile of Mice (Mus Musculus) Kidney Tissue Fixed with 10% Honey Concentration for 24 Hours
Authors: Brilian Tasya Vita
Published: December 2021

Fixation is used to maintain tissue structure in its original form “life-like state” and can protect proteins and tissue components from degeneration. The solution commonly used is 10% NBF. Formaldehyde is chemical substance that is toxic and not environmentally friendly, several studies have shown alternative substitutes fixation, one of which is the honey solution. The study of Mohammed et al (2020) fixated tissue with honey 10% and 20% shown good coloring properties and similar clarity to fixated with formalin 10%. Honey has acidic and dehydrating properties allow most microorganisms to be killed so that tissues will last for a long time. The research objective is to findout the description of microscopic of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue which were fixation using 10% honey solution for 24 hours. The research is included in qualitative descriptive research. The research design used was a non-eksperimental with a purposive sampling study approach. The sample used was 32 preparation with total of microscopic overview is 160. Microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed using 10% honey solution for 24 hours in 80 visual fields were 12.5% of the preparations is not good and 87.5% is good preparations. The microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed using 10% NBF is better than of the microscopic image of mice (Mus musculus) kidney tissue fixed with 10% honey for 24 hours.
Identifying Barriers to Self-advocacy in Women With Multiple Sclerosis in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   Department of Rehabilitation Administration, School of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Bachari Sara , Mandani Ghazaleh ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran., Ghasemzadeh Roya ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran., Shahali Shadab ,   Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Objective: Chronic Multiple Sclerosis (MS) often occurs in middle-aged people, who are supposed to take their most important roles in the family and community and thus affect their self-advocacy. This study aimed to identify the barriers to self-advocacy in women with MS. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis method. The participants were 10 female members of the MS Association of Khuzestan Province of Iran aged 30-40 years with different educational levels, marital status, and occupations. They were selected using a purposive sampling method. The study data were collected through semi-structured interviews and continued until data saturation from June to November 2019. The content analysis was performed using Lundman and Graneheim’s qualitative content analysis method with an inductive approach conducted continuously and simultaneously with data collection. To evaluate the validity and reliability of qualitative data, we used Lincoln and Guba criteria (credibility, dependability, conformability, and transferability). Results: The data analysis revealed 900 codes, 21 subcategories, and 6 themes of family barriers, medical barriers, job-related barriers, environmental barriers, sociocultural barriers, and psychological barriers. Conclusion: Women with MS face a variety of barriers to self-advocacy; most of them are related to family, environment, and society, in addition to personal barriers. Social support and the availability of sufficient and appropriate information about MS can play an important role in confronting these women with mentioned barriers and realizing their self-advocacy.
Kelayakan Usaha UMKM dengan Pendekatan Finansial
Authors: Yusuf Dedi Nur , Qomariyah Siti Nur
Published: December 2021

A business can be said to be achieve if it fulfills several criteria. Therefore, a study is needed to determine whether or not a business is suitable. One of the potential businesses was ornamental plants. Thus, this study aims to determine the income and feasibility in terms of R/C ratio of the ornamental plant business at Brother Farming. This research was conducted in April 2021 at Sukotirto, Badang Village, Ngoro, Jombang, East Java. Purposive sampling method was used as a method with the consideration that Brother Farming is an ornamental plant business that produces and manages ornamental plants independently. It was located in Badang, Ngoro, Jombang, East Java. The data analysis used in this research includes cost analysis, revenue analysis, income, and R/C ratio. This research obtained primary data, namely interview and documentation. Interview were conducted with business owner and workers. The results of this study indicates that the income earned in 2019 was Rp. 73.667.900 while in 2020 it was Rp. 97.676.900.Therefore, the value of business feasibility of the R/C Ratio  obtained in 2019 was 1,83 and 2,51 in 2020. As a result, the R/C ratio showed a number > 1, which means that the ornamental plant business at Brother Farming profitable and suitable to be developed.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA KERIPIK PISANG
Authors: Naazilah Siti Khoirun
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pendapatan dan kelayakan usaha ditinjau dari R/C Ratio pada UMKM RUS Mekar Sari di Desa Pulorejo Kecamatan Ngoro Kabupaten Jombang. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan secara sengaja ( purposive sampling ) dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan April 2021. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer dalam penelitian ini mengenai data produksi kondisi input,perhitungan biaya,serta kondisi output dan harga jual keripik pisang. Data primer diperoleh dengan wawancara dan observasi serta dokumentasi dengan pemilik usaha. Sedangkan data sekunder adalah Bentuk data yang diperoleh dari pemilik usaha terkait dengan objek yang diteliti dan keperluan peneliti Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis biaya, pendapatan, pendapatan, dan R/C ratio. Pada 2018-2020, hasil penelitian pada RUS Mekar Sari, sebuah usaha kecil, menengah, dan mikro, memperoleh pendapatan Rp. 41.780.433,3, perincian pendapatan 2018 Rp. 12.043.833,3, pendapatan Rp. 11.942.833,3 pada tahun 2019 dan 2020 adalah Rp. 3.970.433.3. Nilai kelayaka R/C ratio yang diperoleh di RUS Mekar Sari tahun 2018 adalah 1,27, kemudian 1,25 pada tahun 2019, kemudian nilai R/C ratio pada tahun 2020 adalah 1,14, dan diperoleh hasil selama tahun 2018-2020 Rasio R/C adalah 1,39. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa UMKM RUS Mekar Sari layak untuk dijalankan.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHATANI JAMBU GONDANGMANIS DI DESA GONDANGMANIS KECAMATAN BANDARKEDUNGMULYO JOMBANG
Authors: Pribadi Ramadhan Galang
Published: December 2021

Diwilayah Kabupaten Jombang memiliki salah satu produk buah unggulan, yang dikenal dengan jambu gondangmanis (Syzygium Malaccense). Jambu gondangmanis biasa ditanam oleh masyarakat pada sekitar rumah maupun pada lahan kebun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pendapatan petani jambu gondangmanis dan menguji dengan menggunakan kriteria kelayakan usahtani untuk mengetahui apakah usahatani jambu gondangmanis ini menguntungkan secara finansial. Kriteria kelayakan menggunakan perhitungan R/C rasio, B/C rasio, NPV, dan IRR. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, dengan data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer di peroleh pada lokasi penelitian dengan cara wawancara dan observasi langsung. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari buku-buku, skripsi terdahulu dan jurnal-jurnal penelitian. Penentuan responden dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang mempertimbangkan bahwa responden memiliki kebun dengan minimal terdapat 10 pohon yaitu berjumlah 10 petani responden. Penelititan ini menghitung hasil usahatani petani dari tahun 2018 hingga 2020. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan rata-rata pendapatan yang diperoleh petani di tahun 2018 sebesar Rp.2.786.633, di tahun 2019 sebesar Rp.5.604.833, serta di tahun 2020 sebesar Rp 5.681.583. Dan hasil dari analisis kelayakan usahatani bila di tinjau dari nilai R/C rasio 4,0 B/C rasio 3,0 dengan nilai NPV Rp. 11.894.941, dan IRR 59,45%. Dengan kriteria nilai R/C rasio > 1, B/C > 1, NPV > 0, dan IRR > suku bunga pinjaman. Dengan besar suku bunga 8,25%, artinya usahatani jambu gondangmanis di Desa Gondangmanis layak untuk dilanjutkan
Strategi Pemasaran Beras Organik di Desa Bareng Kecamatan Bareng Kabupaten Jombang
Authors: Sholehah Nurul Annisa , Nasirudin Mohamad , Naim M Abdu
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research to identify any internal and eksternal factors which can be a strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of marketing organic ricein the Banjarsari farmer group in the Bareng village Bareng sub-district Jombang district. This research uses the SWOT analysis method obtained from the matrik IFAS-EFAS, SWOT quadrant and SWOT matrik. The respondents of this research are head of the Banjarsari farmer group and six member who are members of the Banjarsari farmer group. Based on the results of the IFAS matrik analysis research, the total score is 2,29. EFAS matrik analysis result are 2,67. After knowing the results of the IFAS/EFAS matrik than determining the SWOT quadrant. Quadrant results show the Banjarsari farmer group is in quadrant one (agresif). Namely showing a very favorable situation for the Banjarsari farmer group becausa it has opportunities and strengths so that they can take advantage of existing opportunities. With this research it is hoped that the Banjarsari farmer group can expand market share, maintain the quality of organic rice and improve product packaging.
ANALISIS SALURAN PEMASARAN KERIPIK GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida L.) PADA USAHA HOME INDUSTRY DUA PUTRA JAYA DI KABUPATEN JOMBANG
Authors: Ma'sum Muhammad Amir , Qurmariah Umi Kulsum Nur
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the form of marketing channels, marketing margins, share of the price received by producers and marketing efficiency of gadung chips in the "Dua Putra Jaya" home industry in Jombang Regency. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. Determination of sampling is done purposively. Respondents include producers, retailers, collectors, and consumers. Data were obtained from direct observation in the field through interviews, distributing questionnaires and tracing. The results showed that the marketing channel for Gadung chips "Dua Putra Jaya" consists of three marketing channels, namely; zero-level channels consist of producers (consumers, Level 1 channels consist of producers( retailers (consumers; Level 2 marketing channels consist of producers( collectors( retailers( consumers. The total margin on the zero level channel is non existent, the level 1 marketing channel is IDR 20,000 and the level 2 marketing channel is IDR 20,000. The share of the price received by on the zero level channel does not exist, the price share on the level 1 channel is 75%; while the channel level 2 is 55.5%. There is no efficiency value in the zero level marketing channel, the marketing channel level 1 is 31.6% and the marketing channel level 2 is 35.5%, so that it can be seen that the marketing channel in channel one is more efficient because of the marketing costs incurred in channel one. less first.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN JAMBU GONDANG MANIS JOMBANG
Authors: Aisiyaturrochiyah Triya Titin , Chusnah Miftachul
Published: December 2021

This study aims to identify what internal and external factors can be strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the Gondang Sweet Guava development strategy in the Gondang Manis Farmer Group. Gondang Sweet Village, Perak District, Jombang Regency. This study uses the SWOT analysis method obtained from the IFAS/EFAS matrix, SWOT quadrant and SWOT matrix. The respondents of this study were the Head of the Banjarsari Farmers Group and 15 members who were members of the Gondang Manis farmer group. Based on the results of the analysis of the IFAS matrix, the total score is 2.48, the results of the EFAS matrix analysis the total score is 2.51. After knowing the results of the IFAS/EFAS matrix, then determining the SWOT quadrant. Quadrant results show the Gondang Manis farmer group is in quadrant 1 (Grouth), namely the Gondang Manis farmer group in developing Guava needs a strategy to create new strategies to deal with various kinds of threats. The main strategy is to improve the quality of guava by harvesting it properly and properly. And produce other strategies including the strategy of improving the quality of guava through coaching pokdarwis and youth groups, maintaining the quality of guava gondang sweet. increase people's purchasing power, reduce competition between guava farmers.
UJI KETERKAITAN TINGKAT PENERAPAN PHT TANAMAN PADI (Oryza Sativa L) TERHADAP FAKTOR SOSIAL PETANI (STUDI KASUS DI DUSUN BANJARDOWO KECAMATAN JOMBANG)
Authors: Khumairoh Isnani , Susanti Ambar , Maghfiroh Canggih Nailil
Published: December 2021

There are age, education level, and duration of farmers in cultivating rice, are social factors that need to be studied to determine the extent to which these factors affect the implementation of IPM on farmers. This study aims to determine the relationship between social factors of farmers with the level of application of integrated pest control technology (IPM) in Dsn. Banjardowo district. Jombang. The research method used is descriptive analysis method, with a variable consisting of 2 variables, namely the X variable which consists of age, education and duration of farming, and 2 Y variables which consist of the application of IPM. The research population amounted to 112 respondents with a sample of 20 respondents. The questionnaire data collection technique (questionnaire) was used as a measurement with an ordinal scale or score. The factors of age, education level and duration of farming are significantly related to the level of implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Banjardowo Hamlet, Banjardowo Village, Jombang District.
Current trends of canine parvoviral enteritis: Nigeria perspective
Authors: Ukwueze C. S. , Anene B. M. , Nwosuh C. I. , Ezeokonkwo R. C.
Published: December 2021

Background: Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) is currently considered one of the major leading causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) was first isolated in 1978, ever since then the virus has mutated to CPV-2a, CPV-2b and recently CPV-2c, which has made the control and eradication of disease seemingly impossible. The disease has been reported in several parts of the world including; USA, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Taiwan, and Tunisia, South Africa and Nigeria. The identification of the strains of CPV-2 that are currently circulating in the canine population is very essential for the understanding of viral evolution and the development of measures to control its spread. This review therefore, focuses on the current trends and antigenic variants of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) circulating in Nigeria.
Methods: Previous literatures were reviewed on the status of canine parvovirus type 2 in Nigeria. The emphasis was on the antigenic variants of CPV-2 circulating in Nigeria and strains of the virus in the vaccines, and out breaks of infections.
Results: Control and prevention of canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE) has remained a global challenge, and relies mainly on extensive vaccination. Sequence analysis of CPV-2 has revealed the presence of the three antigenic variants in Nigeria. CPV-2c is now predominantly in Nigeria and as such with so many countries of the world, without corresponding vaccines with the variants. Hence understanding the antigenic variants of CPV-2 virus circulating within a geographical area is very essential in controlling the infection.
Conclusion: CPE infection is endemic in Nigeria and mainly infects dogs less than six months of age. The disease is of serious socio-economic importance to dog owners and breeders, as a number one killer disease of dogs. The three stains of the canine parvovirus type 2, (2a, 2b and 2c) exists in Nigeria, with predominantly 2c. The current vaccines mainly used in Nigeria are original CPV-2, 2a or 2b, and do not protect dogs against CPE due to 2c infections. We therefore, recommend that 2c be incorporated in CPV-2 vaccines presently used in Nigeria
大学生体育锻炼时机与睡眠质量相关性的研究
Authors: 黄 容宇 , 梁 平兰
Published: December 2021

了解东莞市五所高校大学生的锻炼习惯与睡眠质量相关性情况,从而寻找合适的锻炼时机,期望大学生的睡眠质量得到改善。为学校提供科学的制定健康教育策略依据。取随机抽样的方法，结合匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)与本课题研究，设计关于锻炼时机对影响睡眠质量因素的问卷调查，并对东莞市五所高校进行200名大学生的问卷调查分析。经过数据整理分析总结得出：运动时间60分钟至90分钟、周运动频率在3到4次、运动时段在18:00-20:00对高校学生睡眠质量有着更好的促进效果。
Goal-Directed Therapy to Improve Gross Motor Function and the Quality of Life of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Palee Suwannika , Ploypetch Teerada , Pajareya Kingkaew , Timdang Suttirat
Published: December 2021

Background: The multiplicity of interventions for the treatment of cerebral palsy (CP) can cause confusion about which are most suited to certain individuals. Hypothesis is that goal-directed therapy (GDT) can guide integrating therapies to improve clinical outcomes compared with conventional therapy (CT).

Method: A prospective, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial was done with 23 children with CP (mean age, 4 years 4 months old; SD 1y4mo), who were divided into groups according to their level of gross motor function: GDT and CT. Both groups received 12 physiotherapy (PT) sessions and advice on daily home programs. The GDT group additionally had a team meeting to set a specific goal, and PT programs were shaped toward that goal. Assessments were done at baseline and after treatments, using the Thai-version Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66), CP-Quality of Life (CP-QOL), caregiver burden, and home program compliance.

Results: After the treatments, the GDT group showed significant improvements in GMFM-66, CP-QOL, and caregiver burden, while the CT group revealed improvements in caregiver burden and some domains of the GMFM, including sitting and crawling & kneeling. Comparisons between groups found GDT was more effective than CT in improving GMFM-66 and CP-QOL. Home program compliance was higher in the GDT (69%) than the CT group (42%).

Conclusion: GDT demonstrated clear gains for children with CP regarding gross motor function and QOL improvements. Team communication toward a customized goal was crucial, empowering the children and their caregivers to comply with home programs to achieve the set goal.
Clinical Characteristics of Female Patterned Hair Loss in Patients Attending Hair Clinic in Thailand
Authors: Amornpinyo Warayuwadee , Thuangtong Rattapon , Wongdama Supisara , Triwongwaranat Daranporn
Published: December 2021

Objective: To study the clinical features and associated factors of female pattern hair loss (FPHL) in premenopausal and menopausal women patients.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of FPHL patients visited hair clinic, Siriraj Hospital from June 2012 to May 2015. Demographic data, family history and history of hair loss were evaluated. Factors associated with FPHL were analysed.

Results: There were 267 patients (180 premenopausal women and 87 menopausal women) in this study. The mean age of onset of patients was 35.5±12 years (premenopausal FPHL) and 60.5±7 years (menopausal FPHL). Positive family history of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) was 48.3%, mainly in first-degree relatives. The data showed an increased incidence of FPHL with advancing age. The most common presentation is Ludwig grade I. The study showed that patients also have dyslipidemia (16.9%), hypertension (16.5%), diabetes mellitus (10.9%), hypothyroidism (4.9%), anemia (3.7%), and hyperthyroidism (2.9%). In multivariate analysis, significant associations were found between low ferritin level < 70 µg/L and premenopausal FPHL (OR 5.51, 95% CI 2.26-15.14, P = 0.01).

Conclusion: Maternal family history of AGA seems to have a greater influence on premenopausal FPHL. Low serum ferritin levels < 70 µg/L were significantly associated with FPHL in premenopausal women.
Aflibercept as Adjunctive Treatment for Filtration Surgery in Neovascular Glaucoma
Authors: Kitnarong Naris , Kittipiriyakul Janyawassamon , Jiravarnsirikul Anuwat
Published: December 2021

Objective: To investigate intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) injection as an adjunctive treatment to trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (TMC) and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for neovascular glaucoma (NVG).Materials and Methods: PRP and IVA (2 mg/0.05 ml) injection were given, and TMC was performed within 2weeks after IVA. Additional PRP, laser suture lysis, subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil injection, and bleb needlingwere performed after TMC if indicated. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), surgicalcomplications, and number of anti-glaucoma medications were collected.Results: Five eyes from 5 consecutive patients were included. Two eyes had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 2 central retinal vein occlusion, and 1 ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) (mean initial IOP: 46.8±6.8 mmHg). NVI regression occurred in one eye after PRP alone, and in one eye after PRP and IVA resulting in a good IOP control with topical medical therapy. The other 3 underwent TMC. The preoperative IOP was 34 (OIS), 54 (PDR), and 50 (PDR) mmHg. The 3-month postoperative IOP decreased to 8, 8, and 4 mmHg, respectively, and to 21, 10, and 6 mmHg, respectively, at the last visit. Only the one OIS eye required postoperative topical IOP-lowering medications. Final BCVA was improved, unchanged, and decreased in 2, 2, and 1 eye, respectively. No intraoperative/postoperative complications or NVI recurrence were observed (mean follow-up: 10.7 months).Conclusion: Intravitreal aflibercept was shown to be a potentially effective additional treatment to PRP and TMC in patients with NVG.
A Study of Early Parenteral Nutritional Support and Factors Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Major Pediatric Burn Patients
Authors: Seubmora Weerawat , K.R. Nair Harikrishna , Chinaroonchai Kusuma
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Adequate nutritional support is one of the challenging treatments of major pediatric burns. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is one of the options to achieve daily caloric goal. Latest nutritional guidelines recommend late PN initiation due to unclear benefit over risk based on the limited data. Our study provides the data of parenteral nutrition within 7 days post admission (early PN) and factors affecting clinical outcomes in major pediatric burn patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted regarding pediatric burn patients who had over 15% of their total body surface area (TBSA) with second- or third-degree burns. All the patients were classified as requiring early PN support or non-early PN support.

Results: 124 major pediatric burns were reviewed. Eighty-six patients (65.2%) were male, and the median age was three years (0.3-15 years). Early PN showed no association with length of hospital stay (LOS) (p=0.480) or a 30-day mortality (p=0.529). The children’s age, wound infections, and abdominal distension were the independent associated factors of LOS (p=0.025, 0.001, and 0.003 respectively). Pneumonia and urinary tract infection were independent factors associated with 30-day mortality (p=0.025).

Conclusions: Early PN in acute pediatric burns was not associated with LOS or 30-day mortality. It can be considered as options of nutritional support in acute, major pediatric burns. Effective management of wound infections and abdominal distension may reduce LOS.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Loss of PTEN Expression in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Kiatpanabhikul Thiva , Bunyayothin Wasakorn
Published: December 2021

Background: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a major tumor suppressor gene and is involved in cell survival control. PTEN loss of expression (PTEN-) is associated with a poor outcome. Our study investigated the prevalence of PTEN- in terms of its characteristics and disease prognosis for lung cancer patients.

Materials and Methods: In total, 167 tissue blocks from lung cancer patients at Chareonkrung Pracharak Hospital between January 2010 and December 2020 were studied through immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) for PTEN expression. The clinicopathological factors, IHC features, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status were analyzed in association with PTEN- in term of prognosis and the overall survival (OS).

Result: Adenocarcinoma was the major subtype (85.6%) and most patients (90.6%) were diagnosed at stage IV of lung cancer. The prevalence of PTEN- was 66.5%. A location at the left lower lobe (LLL) location and the absence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were significantly associated with PTEN- (p=0.039, p=0.046), while the smoking was likely correlated but not statistically significant (p=0.09). The median OS for PTEN- was not significantly different from PTEN+ (8.88 vs 7.20 months, p=0.38). However, smoking, Eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) status and primary symptoms were significantly associated with poorer OS.

Conclusion: The prevalence of PTEN- was higher in our studies. Absent TILs and a LLL location were independent factors associated with PTEN-. However, a right upper lobe (RUL) location with PTEN- tended to have a poor prognosis. Interestingly, better survival was found in active smokers with PTEN-. Further survival studies in cases with no TILs lesions and active smokers in associations PTEN expression and other immune-related biomarkers, such as programmed death–ligand 1 (PD-L1), are warranted.
A Scenario of COVID-19 Disease on Mental Health Among the General Age-groups
Authors: Das Somadatta , Padhy Rabindra Nath , Pradhan Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causes a respiratory disease with physical and mental health effects, ending at general morbidity and fatality from some latest coronavirus strains, at times. During the present pandemics, people stay mainly at home, contributing to some elevated stress levels. World Health Organization (WHO) contemplates that the additional steps like, quarantine and self-isolation have stimulated daily routines of peoples, leading to a rise in agitation, oppression, sleeplessness, alcohol addiction, drug-addictions and suicidal behaviors; consequently, causing increase in cases of domestic violence, even. At this stage, health service providers cannot help the poor, elderly people, children who are susceptible to pre-medical adverse conditions. This work aims to highlight the general scenario of the mental health locally in India during covid-19 pandemic. Some lifestyles, such as yoga, meditation, Ayurvedic medication, avoiding reading on corona too much and watching TV about it, while staying with the own family with the popular healthier lifestyles are recommended to alleviate stress.
Islamic Culture and Western Civilization: The Prospects of Coexistence in the Thought of Alija Izetbegović
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Sheikh Usman Ali
Published: December 2021

Alija Ali Izetbegović (1925-2003) is one of the outstanding Muslim thinkers in recent history who have re-conceptualized the Islamic worldview and ethos in the context of the contemporary world on the one hand and critically reflected upon the modern Western civilization, on the other. Izetbegović conceives Islam as a system representing a middle path between Christian spiritualism and materialism of modern civilization. However, like any profound philosophical system, his thought requires exposition and interpretation, which the present paper ventures to undertake. Specifically, the paper inquires whether and how far his vision of Islam facilitates coexistence between Muslims and the others, especially regarding the Muslims living in Western societies. The query is crucial because some writers have accused Izetbegović of being a fundamentalist who pursued an agenda of monolithic Islamic culture with little room for meaningful participation of non-Muslims. The paper concludes that contrary to such negative renderings of his thought, Izetbegović was a thinker with a vast intellectual spectrum and an open outlook. Some of his peculiar notions can be conducive to the coexistence between Muslims and other European communities as well as Islamic culture and Western civilization.
Fundamental Human Rights and UNO Charter: A Critical Analysis with Islamic Perspectives.
Authors: Ullah Wattoo Inam , Farooq Yasir
Published: December 2021

This study presents a critical analysis on the charter of human rights of United Nations, as it was design to promote peace and justice in the world but unfortunately it was not come in true. So the concepts and impacts of human rights presented by UN will be examine in the light of Seerah, and to find out the reasons which caused its failure. It is historical observation that fundamental human rights are very essential for justice and peace in the world. All the peoples have equal rights in all respects. No one is allowed to disregard the rights of others on the basis of race, color and religion. Holy Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) founded the state of Yathrab and first time in the history declared the fundamental rights of human and vanished the differences based on race, color and gender. Rights for slaves, war prisoners and women were not only defined but were implemented by legal procedure in very short time. In 1948 United Nation declared a charter for human rights which proclaimed that inherent dignity and equal rights are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace of the world. This charter consist on 30 articles regarding individual and common rights of human. This charter of UN guaranteed the security of all fundamental rights of all human being. Although there are number of articles which caused uneasiness among the people of different religions such as article No. 19. Freedom of opinion and express must be observed but it should must be keep in mind that some irresponsible elements of different societies are using this for their criminal purposes as cartoon contest on Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) by Geert wilders of Holland in recent days caused huge disturbance for world peace. Whereas, the Prophet of Islām ordered the Muslim to respect the clergy of other religions even He (PBUH) halted the Muslims to abuse the idols.
Status of talfīq in the four schools of thought and its applications in contemporary financial transactions: an analytical study
Authors: Razzaq Abdul , Farooq Yasir
Published: December 2021

Talfīq means: to mingle, collect or gather it. The predecessor scholars used this term only to its literal meanings whereas for the successors; an issue comprising the solutions in such a way as its compound form may not be acceptable to any jurists. Talfīq has the same whereabouts as Taqlīd does; only its ijtihādī issues but worth known that talfīq is not allowed in the issues of belief and ethics. Talfīq may be in three various kinds; first Talfīq in various issues like: to adopt Hanafi school of thought and Maliki school of thought in social affairs, second Talfīq in various sub issues under one major issue, third To gather opinion of various jurists about an issue that no jurist will favor its compound form. The writer opines that the majority of predecessor and successor jurists seem agreed to combine the arguments of both these groups. Today, it has now become necessary to solve the contemporary complications in the compilation of Fiqh particularly in collective Ijtihad. Only in Collective Ijtihad, it will be the best way of practice to save it from an illusion.
Western Views of the Muslim Study of Religions: A Critical Overview with Special Reference to Jacques Waardenburg
Authors: Akram Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Muslim study of religions before modern times has claimed the attention of some modern Western scholars. At least three developmental phases of this nascent discursive field are discernable. Firstly, Western views of Muslim writings on different religions started appearing as prefaces, marginal notes, and introductions to the edited manuscripts since the early decades of the nineteenth century. In the next phase, instead of focusing on single books, some scholars started discussing a cluster of Muslim writings on a given religious tradition such as Christianity or Judaism. In the third phase, a few scholars have attempted to present more encompassing and systematic surveys of the Muslim perceptions of other religions. Jacques Waardenburg (1930-2015) is one such scholar, and therefore his views get a special mention in the present paper. The argument is that it is the self-understanding of the academic study of religion that defines the Western scholars’ appraisals of the classical Muslim contributions in this field. The paper proposes that the descriptive studies on religions and the polemics can and should be distinguished as two separate spheres of the classical Muslim intellectual tradition for better prospects of cooperation between the Muslim and Western traditions in the study of religion.
PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE AS A KEY TO REAL PEDAGOGUE’S SUCCESS SOLUTION
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas
Published: December 2021

Pedagogical practice preparing future teachers is, undoubtedly, one of the most important elements of university studies. However, up to now pedagogical practice remains a very problematic sphere. Pedagogical activity, on the whole, is complicated, diverse and manifold. After all, it is an activity requiring creativity, high intellect and good psychological preparation. A student doing pedagogical practice, inevitably encounters various hardships -both specialty/professional and psychological. During the practice many different kinds of pedagogical situations are revealed. Various scientific research studies, carried out in the last few years, show the common situation – students-practitioners lack psychological preparation in communication with students, adjusting to a new environment, understanding them and so on. Actually, pedagogical practice theoretical and practical questions were discussed in the international scientific conference which took place between 1- 5 July, 2013 in Yerevan (Armenia). The conference under the theme „Modernization of Continuous Practice and Implementation of Organizational Mechanisms in the Higher Pedagogical Education System“ was organised by Armenian State Pedagogical University named after Khachatur Abovyan.
THE INFLUENCE OF RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS ON TOBACCO, ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Ferreira Mafalda , Matos Margarida Gaspar de , Diniz José Alves
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyse the relation between risk and protective factor and substance use in adolescence, including tobacco use, drunkenness and consumption of illicit drugs.
The sample included 3494 students, mean age 15 years old, in the 8th and 10th grades from the public school system, of primary and secondary schools in Portugal. Data collection was held within the HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) survey from 2010. For the purpose of this specific study, the questionnaire includes questions about risk and protective behaviors and substance use, namely tobacco, drunkenness and illicit drug consumption.
Results confirmed that adolescents with higher levels of protective factors seem to consume fewer substances and adolescents who present higher levels of risk factors are more likely to consume all the substances in the study. There were statistically significant differences for the majority of risk and protective behaviours regarding tobacco, drunkenness and illicit drugs. Although risk factors have a higher impact on substance use, the existence of protective factors seems to fade such impact.
Key words: adolescence, risk and protective factors, substance use.
DYNAMIC SYSTEM APPROACH IN PSYCHOLOGY: PROPOSITION AND APPLICATION IN THE STUDY OF EMOTION, APPRAISAL AND COGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Gomes Cristiano M. A. , Golino Hudson F. , Costa Bianca C. G.
Published: December 2021

Psychological processes are difficult to be studied due to their complexity. The dynamic system approach shows itself as a good tool for psychology to deal with this complexity issue. We propose two fundamental contributions of the dynamic system approach to psychology and apply it in the study of achievement emotions, appraisal and cognitive achievement. Two hypotheses were investigated: 1) More than one correlation pattern between test achievement, appraisal and emotion will be found; 2) Test achievement, appraisal and emotion form a dynamic system which will be explained by a latent variable that is dependent on the previous state of the system. A sample of thirteen students from seventh to ninth grades performed an inductive reasoning test, appraised their achievement, and declared their emotional valences (from extreme positive to extreme negative). Each variable was measured in 20 different occasions. One correlation matrix of each individual was generated and seven qualitative profiles were identified. Then four different states of relations between the variables were identified through a hidden Markov model. The two hypotheses were not refuted. It’s concluded that the dynamic system approach brings new possibilities to the study of psychological processes.
Key words: achievement emotion, appraisal, cognitive achievement, dynamic system approach, methodology.
EFFECTIVE WAYS TO MANAGE STRESS AND UNMASK THE ABILITIES OF PEOPLE WITH ASPERGER’S SYNDROME
Authors: Ishida Riichiro
Published: December 2021

People with Asperger’s syndrome often have superior abilities in various fields, including art, natural science, and solving social problems. However, they tend to become stressed easily due to difficulties in relating to others. This stress sometimes prevents them from showing their full potential. Their abilities and tendency to become stressed are similar to those of people with schizoid temperament. Recent evidence has shown that purpose in life (PIL)/ikigai, moderate aerobic exercise, and diet, which are related to each other and to prefrontal lobe function, are effective methods for coping with stress. PIL/ikigai, which is an attitude in which one seeks to establish meaning of life, is developed through positive experiences, such as cordial human relations with suitable role-models, spending time in beautiful natural surroundings, and being moved by people or events. PIL/ikigai for people without schizoid temperament develops through such positive experiences throughout their life. However, PIL/ikigai for people with schizoid temperament/Asperger’s syndrome develops through positive experiences during a limited number of life stages: infancy, childhood, and adulthood. Moderate aerobic exercise, such as walking, running, and swimming, were linked to finding food during the evolution of mankind. In turn, our diet supplies nutrients to our organs. Therefore, we propose that providing positive experiences during the critical periods and maturation periods of particular brain regions may influence PIL/ikigai, which is related to moderate aerobic exercise and diet. This process may help people with Asperger’s syndrome to demonstrate their full potential abilities and to contribute to various fields.
Key words: Asperger’s syndrome, stress, purpose in life/ikigai, moderate aerobic exercise, diet.
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR EXTRAMARITAL AFFAIRS AS PERCEIVED BY MARRIED ADULTS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
Authors: Ogwokhademhe Maureen , Ishola C. A.
Published: December 2021

The study investigates factors responsible for extramarital affairs as perceived by married adults in Lagos metropolis. Extramarital affair has been described by many authors and scholars and has been identified as one of the causes of marital problem. Descriptive survey method was employed for this study and the population is all married adults in Lagos metropolis. A total number of 200 respondents were randomly selected in Lagos metropolis and a self developed instrument titled “Factors Responsible for Extramarital Affairs Questionnaire” (FAREAQ) was used to collect relevant data from the respondents. Collected data were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive static was employed for the personal data and research question and inferential statistic was used to analyze the hypotheses generated for the study. All hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level. The major finding of the study revealed that “sex related factor” was perceived by married adults in Lagos metropolis to be the highest factor responsible for extramarital affair. Gender, age, religion and educational qualification of the factors responsible for extra marital affairs while family type of the respondents did not influence their perception. Implications of the findings to guidance and counselling therefore is that counselling (Guidance) services should be extended to families so as to educate parents on the effects of extramarital affair on marriage and on the children and also for counsellors to emphasize the effectiveness of “sex” in marital relationship. Based on the findings of the study, it was therefore recommended that counsellors should organize continuously on the mass media enlightenment programme on the various factors responsible for extramarital affairs so that couples can learn and work on themselves to secure their marriage.
Key words: extramarital affairs, factors responsible.
STIMULATED RECALL IN EXPLORING THE CONSTRAINTS OF REFLECTIVE THINKING
Authors: Sántha Kálmán
Published: December 2021

The study focuses on exploring the reflective constraints of a pedagogue in the framework of reflective thinking. By applying the qualitative technique of stimulated recall, video-taped lesson analysis and commentaries on real life classes it shows the factors restricting reflective thinking. The participant in the study was a secondary school teacher of mathematics pursuing his teaching career for nine years. The pedagogue’s three lessons were recorded with the help of a technical expert. The recording of the lessons took place on three consecutive days, in the same class covering the same topic. The research was conducted by triangulation. Text analysis was carried out using the MAXQDA software by combining deductive and inductive coding processes. The findings show that emotions attached to teaching, lack of pedagogical knowledge and school context restricted the reflective thinking of the pedagogue. The results justified that developing reflective thinking contributes to making teacherly activities more effective and reflection can also further differentiate pedagogical knowledge. The results of the research might be applied in teacher training and further education. In addition the qualitative method called stimulated recall might also be relevant for researchers dealing with qualitative methodology.
Key words: reflective thinking, stimulated recall, text analysis.
RESTRAIN OF FEAR: PARTICIPATION OF GABA NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEM
Authors: Shulgina Galina I. , Berezhnaya Darya A. , Parfentyev Nikolai A.
Published: December 2021

In experiences on rats in the conditions of free behavior at development of a conditioned of passive avoidanсe reflex (the first series) and a defensive reflex and a conditional inhibition (the second series) it is revealed, and elaboration of internal inhibition and Phenibut – a nonspecific agonist of GAMKA and GAMKB receptors cause in experimental animals weakening of freezing arising in a dangerous situation, and a disinhibition of research behavior. Results of experiences in the accounting of data of the literature allow to assume that both factors, and elaboration of internal inhibition, and Phenibut weaken freezing – the phenomenon used in experiments as a biological analog of fear, owing to increase of level of activity of the GABA neurotransmitter system of a brain.
Key words: training, freezing, fear, inhibition, disinhibition, GABA, Phenibut.
Co-firing of gas coal dust fine particles and synthetic peat gas. Part 1. Simulation of processes of steam-air gasification of peat in a fixed bed and combustion of dust and gas mix in a stream
Authors: Rokhman B.B , Dunayevska N.I , Vyfatnuik V.G , Beztsennyi I.V
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To build a model of solid fuel gasification in a fixed bed taking into account the velocity of particles, which allows obtaining detailed information about the technological process. To develop an optimal technological scheme of co-firing of pulverized coal particles and peat gas in the TPP-210A boiler. To investigate the process of a binary mix burning. Methodology. The objects of research were pulverized coal of Ukrainian deposits and peat from Volyn region deposits. The developed model was used to calculate the peat gasification process. To study the process of burning a binary blend, ANSYS FLUENT package was used. Findings. A model of solid fuel gasification in a fixed bed has been developed, which differs from the existing models by taking into account the particle velocity and its change. With the aid of this model the detailed information on temperature and concentration fields of the two-phase environment is received. The process of burning binary mix in a TPP-210A boiler is investigated. Originality. It was found that in the time interval 2200 < < 3200 s a stable stationary process of thermochemical processing of peat with q4.1 = 0.130.3% is formed. The profile of the dispersed phase velocity distribution resembles a mirror reflection of the profile of the particle diameter dependence. Practical value. Using the constructed model, the process of thermochemical processing of 28939 kg/h of raw peat in three reactors with a fixed bed at a pressure of 1.5 MPa was numerically investigated. The composition of the generator gas at the reactor outlet was determined.
A New Variety of Abrus Precatorius L. (Fabaceae) From Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Md Abul , Rahman M Oliur , Afroz Sumona
Published: December 2021

A new variety Abrus precatorius L. var. albo-spermum Hassan, Rahman et Afroz, var. nov. is described and illustrated from Bangladesh. The new variety is closest to Abrus preactorius L., but differs by its white coloured oval shaped seeds, short gynoecium which is half the length of longer filaments and with a short style.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(2): 289-294, 2021 (December)
New Records of Some Euglenoid Algae From Bangladesh
Authors: Alfasane Md Almujaddade , Akhtar Ashika , Mehnaz Maliha , Mst Ayesha - , Begum ZN Tahmida , Moustafa Mahmoud
Published: December 2021

The following taxa belong to eight species under five genera of euglenoid algae, namely, Euglena anabaena Mainx., Phacus glaber Pochmann (Defl.) Posch, Phacus indicus Skvortzov, Protaspis obovata Skuja, Strombomonas lanceolata (Playfair) Deflandre, Trachelomonas hexangulata (Swir) Playf., T. obovata var. klebsiana Defl. and T. pseudocaudata Defl. are described here for the first time for Bangladesh.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(2): 311-315, 2021 (December)