bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative assessment of immunomodulatory, proliferative, and antioxidant activities of crocin and crocetin on mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Yousefi Forouzan , Arab Fahimeh L. , Rastin Maryam , Tabasi Nafiseh S. , Nikkhah Karim , Mahmoudi Mahmoud
Published: September 2020

Saffron (Crocus sativus L) is a well‐known spice with active pharmacologic components including crocin, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin. Similar to crocin/crocetin, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to display immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties, which could be beneficial in treatment of various diseases. In the current study, we have evaluated the effects of crocin and crocetin on the functions of MSCs. We used the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide assay to evaluate MSCs proliferation, and flow cytometry assay to measure the percentage of apoptotic MSCs and Tregs populations. Furthermore, we used the real‐time polymerase chain reaction method to quantify messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Antioxidant assay was employed to quantify antioxidant parameters including nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels besides superoxide dismutase activity. Our findings indicated that both crocin and crocetin at low concentrations (2.5 and 5 µM) exhibited significant effects on increasing MSCs viability and on protecting them against apoptosis‐induced death. Furthermore, crocin and crocetin at low concentrations (2.5 and 5 µM) displayed a better antioxidant function. Moreover, increased Treg population was observed at lower doses. In addition, crocin/crocetin at low concentrations caused an elevation in mRNA expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor‐β, interleukin‐10 [IL‐10], and IL‐4), while at higher doses (25 and 50 µM) they led to lowering inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17, and interferon gamma). Altogether, both crocin and crocetin at lower concentrations exhibited more efficacies on MSCs with a better effect toward crocin. It seems that crocin and crocetin may be considered as complementary treatments for the patients who undergo MSCs transplantation.
Stomatin is highly expressed in exosomes of different origin and is a promising candidate as an exosomal marker
Authors: Skryabin Gleb O. , Komelkov Andrei V. , Galetsky Sergey A. , Bagrov Dmitry V. , Evtushenko Evgeniy G. , Nikishin Igor I. , Zhordaniia Kirill I. , Savelyeva Elizaveta E. , Akselrod Maria E. , Paianidi Iulia G. , Tchevkina Elena M.
Published: September 2020

Proteins involved in the organizing of lipid rafts can be found in exosomes, as shown for caveolin‐1, and they could contribute to exosomal cargo sorting, as shown for flotillins. Stomatin belongs to the same stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/HflK/C family of lipid rafts proteins, but it has never been studied in exosomes except for extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from blood cells. Here we first show the presence of stomatin in exosomes produced by epithelial cancer cells (non–small cell lung cancer, breast, and ovarian cancer cells) as well as in EVs from biological fluids, including blood plasma, ascitic fluids, and uterine flushings. A high abundance of stomatin in EVs of various origins and its enrichment in exosomes make stomatin a promising exosomal marker. Comparison with other lipid raft proteins and exosomal markers showed that the level of stomatin protein in exosomes from different sources corresponds well to that of CD9, while it differs essentially from flotillin‐1 and flotillin‐2 homologs, which in turn are present in exosomes in nearly equal proportions. In contrast, the level of vesicular caveolin‐1 as well as its EV‐to‐cellular ratio vary drastically depending on cell type.
lncRNA‐POIR promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and suppresses sorafenib sensitivity simultaneously in hepatocellular carcinoma by sponging miR‐182‐5p
Authors: Chen Bryan Wei , Zhou Yue , Wei Tao , Wen Liang , Zhang Yi‐bo , Shen Shi‐chao , Zhang Jian , Ma Tao , Chen Wen , Ni Lei , Wang Yi , Bai Xue‐li , Liang Ting‐bo
Published: September 2020

Sorafenib (SOR) resistance remains a major obstacle in the effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are responsible for this chemoresistance. This study aimed to reveal the essential function of a recently defined lncRNA, lncRNA‐POIR, in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and SOR sensitivity of HCC cells. SOR‐induced cytotoxicity was analyzed via cell counting kit‐8 and ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine incorporation assays, whereas immunoblotting and confocal immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression levels of EMT markers. Furthermore, loss‐ or gain‐of‐function approaches were used to demonstrate the role of lncRNA‐POIR/miR‐182‐5p on EMT and SOR sensitivity in HCC. The direct interaction between lncRNA‐POIR and miR‐182‐5p was verified using a luciferase reporter assay. We found that knockdown of lncRNA‐POIR sensitized HCC cells to SOR and simultaneously reversed EMT. As expected, miR‐182‐5p was confirmed as the downstream target of lncRNA‐POIR. Moreover, miR‐182‐5p overexpression clearly reversed EMT and promoted SOR‐induced cytotoxicity in representative HCC cells, whereas miR‐182‐5p downregulation played a contrasting role; miR‐182‐5p knockdown abolished the modulatory effects of lncRNA‐POIR siRNA on EMT and SOR sensitivity. Together, these pieces of data suggest that lncRNA‐POIR promotes EMT progression and suppresses SOR sensitivity simultaneously by sponging miR‐182‐5p. Thus, we proposed a compelling rationale for the use of lncRNA‐POIR as a promising predictor of SOR response and as a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment in the future.
The value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as complementary diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Jin Zihan , Cai Gaojun , Zhang Ping , Li Xiaohong , Yao Shuang , Zhuang Lin , Ren Min , Wang Qiang , Yu Xiaolong
Published: September 2020

Background

The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have drawn attention in recent years as novel non‐specific inflammatory markers; however, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate their value in RA.

Objective

To investigate the value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as complementary diagnostic tools in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Method

This study included 1009 patients with RA, 170 patients with other rheumatic diseases, and 245 healthy individuals from four medical centers. The patients' general data, including complete blood count, C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor (RF), were retrospectively analyzed, and the NLR and PLR were calculated. Potential effective indicators were screened by logistic regression analysis, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate their diagnostic value for RA.

Results

(a) The NLR and PLR were significantly higher in the RA group than in the non‐RA group and the control group (P < .05). (b) Spearman's Rho showed that the NLR was positively correlated with the PLR (r = .584, P < .05), RF (r = .167, P < .01), and CRP (r = .280, P < .01) but was not significantly correlated with ESR (r = .100, P > .05). The PLR was positively correlated with RF (r = .139, P < .01), CRP (r = .297, P < .01), and ESR (r = .262, P < .05). (c) Logistic analysis showed that RF, CRP, ESR, and the NLR had diagnostic value for RA. (d) For the NLR, the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve was 0.831; at the cutoff value of 2.13, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index were 76.7%, 75.9%, 76.4%, and 0.5424, respectively.

Conclusion

The NLR was less effective than CRP and RF but was superior to ESR in the diagnosis of RA. The NLR can thus be used as a complementary diagnostic indicator in the diagnosis of RA.
Ultrasonographic findings and prenatal diagnosis of complete trisomy 17p syndrome: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Li Linlin , Zhang Xinyue , Shi Qingyang , Li Leilei , Jiang Yuting , Liu Ruizhi , Zhang Hongguo
Published: September 2020

Background

Trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 17 is a rare genomic disorder. The clinical features of complete trisomy 17p syndrome have been described. Most cases of this syndrome have been found in infants and children, but only a few cases were found by ultrasound in the prenatal period.

Methods

We report a case of complete trisomy 17p syndrome, which was inherited from paternal balanced translocation t(15;17)(q11.2;q11.2). A pregnant woman underwent an ultrasound examination at 24 weeks of gestation. Amniotic fluid was collected by amniocentesis. Cytogenetic and single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses were performed. We further reviewed the relationship between duplication regions and the clinical phenotype.

Results

Ultrasonographic evaluation showed intrauterine growth retardation and a right choroid plexus cyst, but the gallbladder was not observed. The fetal karyotype was 46,XX,der(17)t(15;17)(q11.2;q11.2)pat. The father's karyotype was 46,XY,t(15;17)(q11.2;q11.2). The single nucleotide polymorphism array results showed arr[GRCh37] 17p13.3q11.1(525‐25309337)×3, which indicated a 25.309‐Mb duplication.

Conclusion

Complete trisomy 17p syndrome shows severe malformations. Intrauterine growth retardation is the most typical manifestation of this syndrome as shown by ultrasonography in the second trimester of pregnancy. The genotype‐phenotype relationships of complete trisomy 17p syndrome are not completely consistent. To further determine these relationships, additional cases are necessary to provide more information from ultrasonographic findings during pregnancy.
Comparison between a new thyroglobulin assay with the well‐established Beckman Access immunoassay: A preliminary report
Authors: Cennamo Michele , La Civita Evelina , Curci Anna , Liotti Antonietta , Braschi Umberto , Terracciano Daniela
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Measurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) plays a key role in the post‐thyroidectomy management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). In this context, the performance of new‐generation thyroglobulin assay has clinical implications in the follow‐up of DTC patients. Aim of this study was to compare the new highly sensitive Liaison Tg II (Tg‐L) with the well‐established Tg Access assay (Tg‐A).

Materials and methods

A total of 91 residual serum samples (23 positive and 68 negatives for Tg auto‐antibodies) were tested by the Beckman Access and Diasorin Liaison assays. Study samples were from 21 patients with pathologically proven DTC and control samples from 70 (16 patients with benign thyroid disease and 54 apparently healthy subjects).

Results

Our results showed that Tg‐L was highly correlated with Tg‐A for both values ranging between 0.2 and 50 ng/mL (Pearson's r = 0.933 [95%CI 0.894‐0.958], P < .001) and higher than 50 ng/mL (Pearson's r = 0.849 [95%CI 0.609‐0.946], P < .001). For Tg values lower than 0.2 ng/mL, the overall concordance rate was 92%. Moreover, we tested 7 fine‐needle aspiration washout fluids (FNA), showing an overall concordance rate in discriminating negative and positive of 100%. Finally, we found no interference by Tg auto‐antibodies (TgAbs) for both Tg‐L and Tg‐A. Conversely, rheumatoid factor (RF) interferes with Tg‐A, but not with Tg‐L in one patient with no relapsing thyroid carcinoma.

Conclusions

Liaison Tg II demonstrated a good correlation with Access Tg assay both for sera and FNAs. Further studies on larger population are needed to evaluate Tg‐L clinical impact on DTC patient's follow‐up.
Fetoscopic Release of Amniotic Band Syndrome
Authors: Minella Chris , Costantino Benedicte , Ruano Rodrigo , Koch Antoine , Weingertner Anne‐Sophie , Favre Romain , Sananes Nicolas
Published: September 2020

Amniotic band syndrome is a rare condition. There have been few cases reported of fetoscopic band dissection. The aim of this case series is to report 3 cases of fetoscopic treatment for amniotic band syndrome, including indication for surgery, technical aspects, complications and outcomes.

Fetoscopic treatment was performed respectively at 23 5/7, 26 5/7 and 18 3/7 weeks' gestation. Two procedures were performed with a laser fiber through a single trocar whereas one surgery was performed with scissors.

In conclusion, fetoscopic release of the amniotic bands in case of amniotic band syndrome is feasible with encouraging results in order to prevent amputation and dysfunction of the extremities.
Ultrasound Image–Based Radiomics
Authors: Qin Hui , Wu Yu‐quan , Lin Peng , Gao Rui‐zhi , Li Xin , Wang Xin‐rong , Chen Gang , He Yun , Yang Hong
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To develop radiomic models of B‐mode ultrasound (US) signatures for determining the origin of primary tumors in metastatic liver disease.

Methods

A total of 254 patients with a diagnosis of metastatic liver disease were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the origin of the primary tumor: group 1 (digestive tract versus non–digestive tract tumors), group 2 (breast cancer versus non–breast cancer), and group 3 (lung cancer versus other malignancies). The patients in each group were allocated to a training or testing set (a ratio of 8:2). The region of interest of liver metastasis was determined through manual differentiation of the tumors, and radiomic signatures were acquired from B‐mode US images. Optimal features were selected to develop 3 radiomic models using multiple‐dimensionality reduction and classifier screening. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to assess each model's performance.

Results

A total of 5936 features were extracted, and 40, 6, and 14 optimal features were sequentially identified for the development of radiomic models for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with training set AUC values of 0.938, 0.974, and 0.768 and testing set AUC values of 0.767, 0.768, and 0.750. The differences in age, sex, and number of liver metastatic lesions varied greatly between the 4 primary tumors (P < .050).

Conclusions

B‐mode US radiomic models could be effective supplemental means to identify the origin of hepatic metastatic lesions (ie, unknown primary sites).
Microinvasive Carpal Tunnel Release Using a Retractable Needle‐Mounted Blade
Authors: Hebbard Peter , Thomas Peter , Fransch Shaneil V. , Cichowitz Adam , Franzi Stephen
Published: September 2020

We report 166 microinvasive ultrasound‐guided carpal tunnel releases using the MICROi‐Blade (Summit Medical Products, Inc, Sandy, UT), a needle‐based tool for cutting under ultrasound guidance. The 6‐month follow‐up of the first 21 cases, including 5 bilateral releases, showed a progressive reduction in median pain scores, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) Symptom Severity Scale scores, and BCTQ Functional Status Scale scores. The median return to work was 7 days. The 3‐month follow‐up of 62 subsequent cases showed similar improvement in the BCTQ scores and return to work. There were no complications. This report supports the effectiveness of the technique.
Expanding Beyond Maximum Grade: Chemotherapy Toxicity over Time by Age and Performance Status in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in CALGB 9730 (Alliance A151729)
Authors: Wong Melisa L. , Gao Junheng , Thanarajasingam Gita , Sloan Jeff A. , Dueck Amylou C. , Novotny Paul J. , Jatoi Aminah , Hurria Arti , Walter Louise C. , Miaskowski Christine , Cohen Harvey J. , Wood William A. , Feliciano Josephine L. , Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Wang Xiaofei
Published: September 2020

Background

Prior comparisons of chemotherapy adverse events (AEs) by age and performance status (PS) are limited by the traditional maximum grade approach, which ignores low-grade AEs and longitudinal changes.

Materials and Methods

To compare fatigue and neuropathy longitudinally by age (<65, ≥65 years) and PS (0–1, 2), we analyzed data from a large phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel versus paclitaxel for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (CALGB 9730, n = 529). We performed multivariable (a) linear mixed models to estimate mean AE grade over time, (b) linear regression to estimate area under the curve (AUC), and (c) proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratio of developing grade ≥2 AE, as well as traditional maximum grade analyses.

Results

Older patients had on average a 0.17-point (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.00–0.34; p = .049) higher mean fatigue grade longitudinally compared with younger patients. PS 2 was associated with earlier development of grade ≥2 fatigue (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.07–2.27; p = .02). For neuropathy, older age was associated with earlier development of grade ≥2 neuropathy (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.00–1.97; p = .049). Patients with PS 2 had a 1.30 point lower neuropathy AUC (95% CI, −2.36 to −0.25; p = .02) compared with PS 0–1. In contrast, maximum grade analyses only detected a higher percentage of older adults with grade ≥3 fatigue and neuropathy at some point during treatment.

Conclusion

Our comparison of complementary but distinct aspects of chemotherapy toxicity identified important longitudinal differences in fatigue and neuropathy by age and PS that are missed by the traditional maximum grade approach. Clinical trial identification number: NCT00003117 (CALGB 9730)

Implications for Practice

The traditional maximum grade approach ignores persistent low-grade adverse events (AEs) and changes over time. This toxicity over time analysis of fatigue and neuropathy during chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer demonstrates how to use longitudinal methods to comprehensively characterize AEs over time by age and performance status (PS). We identified important longitudinal differences in fatigue and neuropathy that are missed by the maximum grade approach. This new information about how older adults and patients with PS 2 experience these toxicities longitudinally may be used clinically to improve discussions about treatment options and what to expect to inform shared decision making and symptom management.
Neuronal Differentiation of LUHMES Cells Induces Substantial Changes of the Proteome
Authors: Tüshaus Johanna , Kataka Evans Sioma , Zaucha Jan , Frishman Dmitrij , Müller Stephan A. , Lichtenthaler Stefan F.
Published: September 2020

Neuronal cell lines are important model systems to study mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. One example is the Lund Human Mesencephalic (LUHMES) cell line, which can differentiate into dopaminergic‐like neurons and is frequently used to study mechanisms of Parkinson's disease and neurotoxicity. Neuronal differentiation of LUHMES cells is commonly verified with selected neuronal markers, but little is known about the proteome‐wide protein abundance changes during differentiation. Using mass spectrometry and label‐free quantification (LFQ), the proteome of differentiated and undifferentiated LUHMES cells and of primary murine midbrain neurons are compared. Neuronal differentiation induced substantial changes of the LUHMES cell proteome, with proliferation‐related proteins being strongly down‐regulated and neuronal and dopaminergic proteins, such as L1CAM and α‐synuclein (SNCA) being up to 1,000‐fold up‐regulated. Several of these proteins, including MAPT and SYN1, may be useful as new markers for experimentally validating neuronal differentiation of LUHMES cells. Primary midbrain neurons are slightly more closely related to differentiated than to undifferentiated LUHMES cells, in particular with respect to the abundance of proteins related to neurodegeneration. In summary, the analysis demonstrates that differentiated LUHMES cells are a suitable model for studies on neurodegeneration and provides a resource of the proteome‐wide changes during neuronal differentiation. (ProteomeXchange identifier PXD020044).
How grid‐spacing and convection representation affected the wind speed forecasts of four polar lows
Authors: Hallerstig Matilda , Magnusson Linus , Kolstad Erik W. , Mayer Stephanie
Published: September 2020

The horizontal resolution in numerical weather prediction models can have a large impact on the quality of polar low forecasts. However, there are few studies on the effect of the horizontal grid spacings which are currently in operational use at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Here, we evaluate the 10 m wind speed forecasts for four polar lows in November and December 2016 against remote and in situ observations. We study the 18 km grid spacing, used in the ensemble, 9 km for the current operational deterministic model runs, and 5 km for the planned future deterministic runs. The 9 and 5 km versions fall within the range of grid spacings that resolve convection partly but not fully. Therefore, we also do sensitivity tests with and without deep convection parametrization. Finally, we examine the added value from the operational limited‐area model AROME‐Arctic with 2.5 km grid spacing. The 18 km version performed worst in magnitude of wind speed, but it did forecast the locations of the polar lows as well as the other models. Thus, the ensemble can be used for polar low probability products. The 5 and 9 km versions with parametrized convection were the best‐performing models over the ocean, while AROME‐Arctic was the best model along the coast and over land. The 5 and 9 km versions with resolved deep convection produced fewer but larger convective cells with patches of both under‐ and overestimation of wind speed. The fact that there was almost no difference between the 9 and 5 km grid spacing, but a clear impact from the handling of convection, suggests that, to improve polar low forecasts in the ECMWF deterministic runs, special attention to convection is needed.
Thermosolutal Convection with a Navier–Stokes–Voigt Fluid
Authors: Straughan Brian
Published: September 2020

We present a model for convection in a Navier–Stokes–Voigt fluid when the layer is heated from below and simultaneously salted from below, the thermosolutal convection problem. Instability thresholds are calculated for thermal convection with a dissolved salt field in a complex viscoelastic fluid of Navier–Stokes–Voigt type. The Kelvin–Voigt parameter is seen to play a very important role in acting as a stabilizing agent when the convection is of oscillatory type. The quantitative size of this effect is displayed. Nonlinear stability is also discussed, and it is briefly indicated how the global nonlinear stability limit may be increased, although there still remains a region of potential sub-critical instability, especially when the Kelvin–Voigt parameter increases.
Sampling behavioral model parameters for ensemble-based sensitivity analysis using Gaussian process emulation and active subspaces
Authors: Erdal Daniel , Xiao Sinan , Nowak Wolfgang , Cirpka Olaf A.
Published: September 2020

Ensemble-based uncertainty quantification and global sensitivity analysis of environmental models requires generating large ensembles of parameter-sets. This can already be difficult when analyzing moderately complex models based on partial differential equations because many parameter combinations cause an implausible model behavior even though the individual parameters are within plausible ranges. In this work, we apply Gaussian Process Emulators (GPE) as surrogate models in a sampling scheme. In an active-training phase of the surrogate model, we target the behavioral boundary of the parameter space before sampling this behavioral part of the parameter space more evenly by passive sampling. Active learning increases the subsequent sampling efficiency, but its additional costs pay off only for a sufficiently large sample size. We exemplify our idea with a catchment-scale subsurface flow model with uncertain material properties, boundary conditions, and geometric descriptors of the geological structure. We then perform a global-sensitivity analysis of the resulting behavioral dataset using the active-subspace method, which requires approximating the local sensitivities of the target quantity with respect to all parameters at all sampled locations in parameter space. The Gaussian Process Emulator implicitly provides an analytical expression for this gradient, thus improving the accuracy of the active-subspace construction. When applying the GPE-based preselection, 70–90% of the samples were confirmed to be behavioral by running the full model, whereas only 0.5% of the samples were behavioral in standard Monte-Carlo sampling without preselection. The GPE method also provided local sensitivities at minimal additional costs.
Analysis of an application possibility of geopolymer materials as thermal backfill for underground power cable system
Authors: Ocłoń Paweł , Cisek Piotr , Matysiak Marcelina
Published: September 2020

The circular economy is a closed cycle that allows one to reuse the industrial waste, as well as minimize the energy and resources losses during the production process. This paper presents an innovative idea of the application of a geopolymer cable backfill for underground power cable system installation. The closed cycle, in this case, is formulated as follows: the primary resource is the waste from the combustion of fossil fuels, i.e., fly ash that is utilized to form the geopolymer matrix. The geopolymer then is used as thermal backfill in underground power cable systems. Utilization of combustion by-products in the form of a geopolymer is a highly profitable solution since landfill waste disposal, in this case, generates considerable costs for the electrical energy producers. In typical applications, geopolymers are used as insulators. By adding individual components, the thermal conductivity of 2.0 W/(m K), higher than of typical thermal backfills (Fluidized Thermal Backfill), which value is close to 1.5 W/(m K), is reached. What is very important, geopolymers can absorb water better than typical sand–cement mixtures. As a result, a high thermal conductivity with the temperature increase is maintained. The application of geopolymers as thermal backfills has the potential to improve the flexibility of underground power cable systems, as well as to minimize the material costs of installation. The case study is presented to show the economic benefits of using the combustion by-products as a geopolymer thermal backfill. The finite element method model of an underground power cable system is developed, and optimization of backfill dimensions is provided to minimize the material costs using the geopolymer thermal backfill and to maximize the underground power cable system performance. The main result of this paper is that the application of geopolymers leads to a decrease in underground power cable system costs, compared to traditional backfill (sand–cement mixture). The reason is the higher value of thermal conductivity, which allows selecting a cable with a smaller cross-sectional area. Also, the environmental benefits of geopolymer application for cable bedding are discussed.

Graphic abstract
Evaluation of 311 contemporary cases of stereotactic biopsies in patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions—diagnostic yield and management of non-diagnostic cases
Authors: Pasternak Krystyna Agnieszka , Schwake Michael , Warneke Nils , Masthoff Max , Zawy Alsofy Samer , Suero Molina Eric , Stummer Walter , Schipmann Stephanie
Published: September 2020

Stereotactic biopsies are an established tool for obtaining diagnosis of unclear brain lesions. However, non-diagnostic biopsies still occur. We aimed to analyze the contemporary diagnostic yield of stereotactic biopsies, predictors for non-diagnostic biopsies, outcome, and follow-up strategy after non-diagnostic biopsy. We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 311 adult patients undergoing stereotactic biopsies due to a newly diagnosed lesion at our department between 2012 and 2018. Patient data regarding comorbidities, presenting symptoms, imaging features, and non-invasive diagnostic procedures were obtained. The overall diagnostic yield was 86.2% and differed significantly between the various suspected diagnosis groups and was the highest when suspecting primary brain tumor compared with non-neoplastic lesions (91.2% vs. 73.3%, p > 0.001). Predicators for non-diagnostic biopsies were small lesion size, lack of contrast-enhancement, presence of sepsis, or underlying hemato-oncological disease. In case of non-diagnostic biopsy, a re-biopsy was performed in 12 cases, revealing a final diagnosis in 75%. In 16 cases, empiric therapy was started based on the suspected underlying disease. Close follow-up was performed in the remaining 15 cases. We showed that stereotactic biopsy is a safe procedure with reasonable diagnostic yield even for non-neoplastic lesions, when non-invasive diagnostic was inconclusive. In addition, we developed treatment recommendations for cases of non-diagnostic biopsies.
Integration of a Building Energy Model in an Urban Climate Model and its Application
Authors: Jin Luxi , Schubert Sebastian , Fenner Daniel , Meier Fred , Schneider Christoph
Published: September 2020

We report the ability of an urban canopy model, coupled with a regional climate model, to simulate energy fluxes, the intra-urban variability of air temperature, urban-heat-island characteristics, indoor temperature variation, as well as anthropogenic heat emissions, in Berlin, Germany. A building energy model is implemented into the Double Canyon Effect Parametrization, which is coupled with the mesoscale climate model COSMO-CLM (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdelling in CLimate Mode) and takes into account heat generation within buildings and calculates the heat transfer between buildings and the urban atmosphere. The enhanced coupled urban model is applied in two simulations of 24-day duration for a winter and a summer period in 2018 in Berlin, using downscaled reanalysis data to a final grid spacing of 1 km. Model results are evaluated with observations of radiative and turbulent energy fluxes, 2-m air temperature, and indoor air temperature. The evaluation indicates that the improved model reproduces the diurnal characteristics of the observed turbulent heat fluxes, and considerably improves the simulated 2-m air temperature and urban heat island in winter, compared with the simulation without the building energy model. Our set-up also estimates the spatio–temporal variation of wintertime energy consumption due to heating with canyon geometry. The potential to save energy due to the urban heat island only becomes evident when comparing a suburban site with an urban site after applying the same grid-cell values for building and street widths. In summer, the model realistically reproduces the indoor air temperature and its temporal variation.
Efficacy of left atrial plication for atrial functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Matsumori Masamichi , Kawashima Motoharu , Aihara Takamitsu , Fujisue Jun , Fujimoto Masato , Fukase Keigo , Nomura Yoshikatsu , Tanaka Hiroshi , Murakami Hirohisa , Mukohara Nobuhiko
Published: September 2020

Objective

Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) is caused by atrial fibrillation and left atrial enlargement. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of left atrial plication (LAP) for AFMR.

Methods

Of 1164 mitral valve surgery patients at our hospital from January 2000 to May 2019, 22 patients underwent surgery for AFMR. Our retrospective analysis divided the patients with AFMR into two groups according to whether LAP was performed (LAP + group, n = 9; LAP − group, n = 13). Mitral valve angle (MV angle) (horizontal inclination of mitral valve) was measured by pre- and post-operative computed tomography scan. Individuals with type II mitral regurgitation, left ventricular ejection fraction of < 55%, males with left ventricular endo-diastolic dimension of > 60 mm and females with > 55 mm, aortic valve disease, mitral valve calcification, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, and both “redo” and emergency cases were excluded.

Result

Mitral valve replacement was performed in 6 patients and mitral ring annuloplasty in 16 cases. No recurrence of mitral regurgitation or structural valve deterioration occurred during the follow-up period. There were no hospital deaths; 3 deaths occurred during the follow-up period. Compared to the LAP − group, the LAP + group demonstrated a significantly greater decrease of MV angle (16.6 ± 8.1° vs. 1.2 ± 6.9°, p < 0.01) and left atrial dimension (18.4 ± 7.0 mm vs. 6.9 ± 14.6 mm, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Surgical results of AFMR were satisfactory. LAP may be appropriate for correcting the angle of a mitral valve tilted horizontally. More cases need to be considered in the future.
The effect of nanoparticles on reservoir wettability alteration: a critical review
Authors: Eltoum Hilmy , Yang Yu-Long , Hou Ji-Rui
Published: September 2020

A novel concept of treating oil reservoirs by nanofluids is being developed to improve oil recovery and reduce the trapped oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Nanoparticles show great potential in enhancing oil recovery under ambient conditions. In this paper, the approaches of wettability alteration by using nanofluid, stability of nanofluids, and the most reliable wettability alteration mechanisms associated with variant types of nanoparticles have been reviewed. Moreover, the parameters that have a significant influence on nanofluid flooding have been discussed. Finally, the recent studies of the effect of nanoparticles on wettability alteration have been summarised and analysed. Furthermore, this paper presents possible opportunities and challenges regarding wettability alteration using nanofluids.
Intuitions About the Reference of Proper Names: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: van Dongen Noah , Colombo Matteo , Romero Felipe , Sprenger Jan
Published: September 2020

The finding that intuitions about the reference of proper names vary cross-culturally (Machery et al. Cognition 92: 1–12. 2004) was one of the early milestones in experimental philosophy. Many follow-up studies investigated the scope and magnitude of such cross-cultural effects, but our paper provides the first systematic meta-analysis of studies replicating (Machery et al. Cognition 92: 1–12. 2004). In the light of our results, we assess the existence and significance of cross-cultural effects for intuitions about the reference of proper names.
A Survey on Learning-Based Robotic Grasping
Authors: Kleeberger Kilian , Bormann Richard , Kraus Werner , Huber Marco F.
Published: September 2020

Purpose of Review

This review provides a comprehensive overview of machine learning approaches for vision-based robotic grasping and manipulation. Current trends and developments as well as various criteria for categorization of approaches are provided.

Recent Findings

Model-free approaches are attractive due to their generalization capabilities to novel objects, but are mostly limited to top-down grasps and do not allow a precise object placement which can limit their applicability. In contrast, model-based methods allow a precise placement and aim for an automatic configuration without any human intervention to enable a fast and easy deployment.

Both approaches to robotic grasping and manipulation with and without object-specific knowledge are discussed. Due to the large amount of data required to train AI-based approaches, simulations are an attractive choice for robot learning. This article also gives an overview of techniques and achievements in transfers from simulations to the real world.
Angle measurement technology based on magnetization vector for narrow space applications
Authors: Huang Yinguo , Zhang Shiyu , Gao Le , Zheng Yelong
Published: September 2020

With the wide application of laser in the field of skin plastic surgery, micro laser galvanometer scanner has made great progress in this field with its portability. However, the measurement method used to measure the deflection angle of laser galvanometer in the narrow space of scanner with high precision remains to be studied. In this paper, an angle measurement method based on magnetic field is proposed, and the effect of the shapes of permanent magnets (PMs) on the measurement is studied by theoretical and experimental study under the condition that the maximum available space for the PMs is a 10 mm side cube. An angle measuring experimental device is set up, and the contrast experiment is carried out with different PMs which are the same as simulation. The experimental results show that cylindrical PM is more suitable than other PMs, which is consistent with the simulation results, and the maximum nonlinearity error is 0.562%. This method has the advantages of small volume, non-contact measurement, small moment of inertia, good dynamic response and no external excitation for the PMs, so it has a broad application prospect in micro laser galvanometer scanner.
Global Patterns of Recent Mass Movement on Asteroid (101955) Bennu
Authors: Jawin E. R. , Walsh K. J. , Barnouin O. S. , McCoy T. J. , Ballouz R.‐L. , DellaGiustina D. N. , Connolly H. C. , Marshall J. , Beddingfield C. , Nolan M. C. , Molaro J. L. , Bennett C. A. , Scheeres D. J. , Daly M. G. , Al Asad M. , Daly R. T. , Bierhaus E. B. , Susorney H. C. M. , Kaplan H. H. , Enos H. L. , Lauretta D. S.
Published: September 2020

The exploration of near‐Earth asteroids has revealed dynamic surfaces characterized by mobile, unconsolidated material that responds to local geophysical gradients, resulting in distinct morphologies and boulder distributions. The OSIRIS‐REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security‐Regolith Explorer) mission confirmed that asteroid (101955) Bennu is a rubble pile with an unconsolidated surface dominated by boulders. In this work, we documented morphologies indicative of mass movement on Bennu and assessed the relationship to slope and other geologic features on the surface. We found globally distributed morphologic evidence of mass movement on Bennu up to ~70° latitude and on spatial scales ranging from individual boulders (meter scale) to a single debris flow ~100 m long and several meters thick. The apparent direction of mass movement is consistent with the local downslope direction and dominantly moves from the midlatitudes toward the equator. Mass movement appears to have altered the surface expression of large (≥30m diameter) boulders, excavating them in the midlatitudes and burying them in the equatorial region. Up to a 10 ± 1 m depth of material may have been transported away from the midlatitudes, which would have deposited a layer ~5 ± 1 m thick in the equatorial region assuming a stagnated flow model. This mass movement could explain the observed paucity of small (<50‐m diameter) craters and may have contributed material to Bennu's equatorial ridge. Models of changes in slope suggest that the midlatitude mass movement occurred in the past several hundred thousand years in regions that became steeper by several degrees.
Australian Social Work Research: An Empirical Study of Engagement and Impact
Authors: Tilbury Clare , Bigby Christine , Fisher Mike , Hughes Mark
Published: September 2020

Internationally, non-academic research impact is assessed by governments as part of evaluating the quality of publicly funded research. A case study method was used to investigate the non-academic impact of Australian social work research. Interviews were conducted with fifteen leading researchers about outputs (research products, such as publications and reports), engagement (interaction between researchers and end-users outside academia to transfer knowledge, methods or resources) and impact (social or economic contributions of research). Twelve case studies were prepared using a standardised template. Content analysis highlighted examples of impact, and theoretical and in vivo coding uncovered processes of engagement and impact. Different types of engagements with research end-users influenced impact in three areas: legislation and policy; practices and service delivery; and quality of life of community members. Engagement and impact were intertwined as research altered policy discourses and illuminated hidden social issues, preparing ground for subsequent, more direct impact. Likewise, academic and non-academic impacts were intertwined as research rigour and academic credibility were perceived to leverage influence. There was no evidence of achieving impact simply through the trickle-down effect of scholarly publication. The findings broaden understandings of how research influences policy and practice and iterative and indirect relationships between engagement and impact.
Preschool autism services: A tale of two Canadian provinces and the implications for policy
Authors: Smith Isabel M , Waddell Charlotte , Ungar Wendy J , den Otter Jeffrey , Murray Patricia , Vezina Francine , D’Entremont Barbara , Flanagan Helen E , Garon Nancy
Published: September 2020

For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition, assessment and treatment services vary widely across Canada—potentially creating inequities. To highlight this, the Preschool Autism Treatment Impact study compared children’s services and outcomes in New Brunswick (NB) and Nova Scotia (NS). Diagnostic practices, service delivery models, wait times, and treatment approaches differed, as did children’s 1-year outcomes and costs for families and the public sector. Considering NB and NS strengths, we suggest that an optimal system would include: rapid access to high-quality diagnostic and intervention services; adherence to research-informed practice guidelines; interventions to enhance parents’ skills and self-efficacy; and measures to minimize financial burdens for families. Our results also suggest that provinces/territories must do more to ensure equitable access to effective services, including sharing and reporting on national comparative data. Canadian children with ASD deserve access to effective and consistent services, no matter where they live.
VIII Renaissance Drama: Excluding Shakespeare
Authors: McEvilla Joshua , Wilkinson Kate , Cryar Jennifer Jenny , Ragni Cristiano , Equestri Alice
Published: September 2020

This chapter has three sections: 1. Editions and Textual Matters; 2. Theatre History; 3. Criticism. Section 1 is by Joshua McEvilla; section 2 is by Kate Wilkinson; section 3(a) is by Jennifer Cryar; section 3(b) is by Cristiano Ragni; section 3(c) is by Alice Equestri.
Retention Strategies for Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in Adults: A Rapid Evidence Review
Authors: Chan Brian , Gean Emily , Arkhipova-Jenkins Irina , Gilbert Jennifer , Hilgart Jennifer , Fiordalisi Celia , Hubbard Kimberly , Brandt Irene , Stoeger Elizabeth , Paynter Robin , Korthuis Philip Todd , Guise Jeanne-Marie
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

Although medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) save lives, treatment retention remains challenging. Identification of interventions to improve MOUD retention is of interest to policymakers and researchers. On behalf of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, we conducted a rapid evidence review on interventions to improve MOUD retention.

Methods:

We searched MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library from February 2009 through August 2019 for systematic reviews and randomized trials of care settings, services, logistical support, contingency management, health information technology (IT), extended-release (XR) formulations, and psychosocial interventions that assessed retention at least 3 months.

Results:

Two systematic reviews and 39 primary studies were included; most did not focus on retention as the primary outcome. Initiating MOUD in soon-to-be-released incarcerated people improved retention following release. Contingency management may improve retention using antagonist but not agonist MOUD. Retention with interventions integrating medical, psychiatric, social services, or IT did not differ from in-person treatment-as-usual approaches. Retention was comparable with XR- compared to daily buprenorphine formulations and conflicting with XR-naltrexone monthly injection compared to daily buprenorphine. Most psychosocial interventions did not improve retention.

Discussion:

Consistent but sparse evidence supports criminal justice prerelease MOUD initiation, and contingency management interventions for antagonist MOUD. Integrating MOUD with medical, psychiatric, social services, delivering through IT, or administering via XR-MOUD formulations did not worsen retention. Fewer than half of the studies we identified focused on retention as a primary outcome. Studies used different measures of retention, making it difficult to compare effectiveness. Additional inquiry into the causes of low retention would inform future interventions.

Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42019134739
Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Glaser Margaret A. , Hughes Lauren M. , Jnah Amy , Newberry Desi
Published: September 2020

Background:

Early-onset sepsis, occurring within 72 hours of birth, and late-onset sepsis, occurring after this time period, present serious risks for neonates. While culture-based screening and intrapartum antibiotics have decreased the number of early-onset cases, sepsis remains a top cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the United States.

Purpose:

To provide a review of neonatal sepsis by identifying its associated risk factors and most common causative pathogens, reviewing features of the term and preterm neonatal immune systems that increase vulnerability to infection, describing previous and the most current management recommendations, and discussing relevant implications for the neonatal nurse and novice neonatal nurse practitioner.

Methods/Search Strategy:

An integrative review of literature was conducted using key words in CINAHL, Google Scholar, and PubMed.

Findings/Results:

Group B streptococcus and Escherichia coli are the most common pathogens in early-onset sepsis, while Coagulase–negative staphylococci comprise the majority of cases in late-onset. The neonatal immune system is vulnerable due to characteristics including decreased cellular activity, underdeveloped complement systems, preferential anti-inflammatory responses, and insufficient pathogenic memory. Blood cultures remain the criterion standard of diagnosis, with several other adjunct tests under investigation for clinical use. The recent development of the sepsis calculator has been a useful tool in the management of early-onset cases.

Implications for Practice:

It is vital to understand the mechanisms behind the neonate's elevated risk for infection and to implement evidence-based management.

Implications for Research:

Research needs exist for diagnostic methods that deliver timely and sensitive results. A tool similar to the sepsis calculator does not exist for preterm infants or late-onset sepsis, groups for which antibiotic stewardship is not as well practiced.

Video Abstract available at
https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/Pages/videogallery.aspx?autoPlay=false&videoId=40
Information Security in Nursing
Authors: Kang Jiwon , Seomun GyeongAe
Published: September 2020

The concept of information security in nursing can improve the basic understanding of security issues in nursing. This study aimed to report on information security in nursing that considers the technical, physical, and administrative aspects of information. We used a hybrid model to analyze the concept and conducted on-site interviews. The analysis revealed 7 attributes: physical aspect: environmental control, facility stability; technical aspect: information accessibility, taking advantage of features; and administrative aspect: systematicity of work, execution of education, professional responsibility. Our model could help identify the physical, technical, and administrative attributes and definitions of information security in nursing.