bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jizz in birdwatching activity and clinical practice: how it works and why?
Authors: Grimalt Ramon , Murawiec Sławomir , Tryjanowski Piotr
Published: December 2022

The world “jizz” is part of the language of birding in the English-speaking nations. It’s meaning is combination of characteristics which identify kind of a bird, but this characteristics may not be distinguished individually. Jizz is described as embodied way of seeing that instantaneously reveals the identity of a birds species, suspending the laborious and meticulous study of an diagnostic characteristics. In medicine there is an idea of “clinical intuition” - making judgments and clinical diagnoses without clear awareness of consecutive stages of reasoning. Intuitive decision making has been found in some cases to improve decisions and eventually lead into better performance than analytic deliberation. Can a certain sudden conclusions that appear in minds of both birdwatchers (about bird species) and medical doctors (established diagnosis), based on the use of an incomplete set of information, be accurate? And how we can use this similarity to understand process of formulating medical diagnoses? In this paper we discuss the phenomena of jizz and “clinical intuition” in the light of theory of brain as a tool of making predictions. According to this view the primary function of the brain is to make predictions about the word, rather than laborious analysis of the stimuli coming in from the environment at each successive moment. That theory according to us can explain both Jizz observed by birdwatchers and clinical intuition in medical practice.
Analysis of eating behavior of health science students in terms of emotional eating and restrained eating
Authors: Grajek Mateusz , Krupa-Kotara Karolina , Słoma-Krześlak Małgorzata , Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof
Published: December 2022

Background. Two eating phenomena are associated with emotions and chronic stress: restrained eating and emotional eating. Restrained eating is defined as restricting food intake to control weight and mainly refers to the amount of food eaten. Emotional eating, on the other hand, focuses on eating in response to negative emotions. the literature emphasizes that people with orthorexia have significantly higher levels of stress, depression, and anxiety and lower life satisfaction than healthy individuals. Objective. The purpose of the conducted research was to assess the prevalence of emotionally driven eating behavior and restrained eating among health science students. The premise of the study was also to test whether there was a significant relationship between emotional eating and restrained eating and orthorectic behavior. Material and methods. The study was conducted among 200 randomly selected students of health sciences (dietetics and physical education). The TFEQ-13 and DOS scales were used in the study. Results and conclusions. Based on the study, it was concluded that there is no relationship between the occurrence of emotional eating and orthorexia in the studied group of people associated with health sciences. However, the hypothesis of the existence of these associations between restrained eating and the occurrence of orthorexia was supported. The group of restrained eaters was shown to include individuals with severe behaviors indicative of orthorexic tendencies or a full picture of the disorder.
When (Non)Differences Make a Difference: The Roles of Demographic Diversity and Ideological Homogeneity in Overcoming Ideologically Biased Decision Making
Authors: Solomon Brittany C. , Hall Matthew E. K.
Published: December 2022

Increasing demographic diversity is undoubtedly important and can aid in debiasing decision makers. Yet, the promises of demographic diversity are not always realized due to social integration problems. We consider why and for whom differences combined with homogeneity make a difference for groups in terms of integratively complex thinking and ideological decision making. Although research has shown that decision makers often rely on political biases, that work has not addressed when and why decision-making groups are able to overcome these biases—a pervasive concern in today’s politically polarized social milieu. Drawing on the common in-group identity model and research on integrative complexity, we theorize that demographic diversity ultimately yields less ideological decision making because it prompts integrative complexity; however, demographic diversity only accrues this benefit in the presence of ideological homogeneity. We also reason that the relationship between integrative complexity and reduced ideological decision making emerges for more conservative (versus more liberal) groups. We find support for our expectations using a natural experiment of judges on the U.S. Courts of Appeals. Supplemental analyses indicate that working within a demographically diverse and ideologically homogeneous group also positively predicts integrative complexity in future decision-making groups. Finally, we find that demographic and ideological diversity can substitute for one another, but no additional integrative complexity benefits accrue when both are present. We discuss implications of this research in light of the ongoing conversation about the value of diversity and today’s polarized political climate.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1647 .
ECG of the Month
Authors: Bloe Charles
Published: December 2022

In this issue's ECG of the month, Charles Bloe presents the case of a 94-year-old woman with profound bradycardia who had been experiencing symptoms of fatigue and dizziness for a few weeks.
Impact of Light with Different Spectra on the Photosynthetic Activity of Cucumber Plants under Fusarium Wilt
Authors: Kabashnikova Liudmila , Domanskaya Irina , Molchan Olga , Pashkevich Lyubov , Dremuk Irina , Martysiuk Hanna , Viks Tatsiana
Published: December 2022

The photosynthetic activity of 28-day-old cucumber plants of the Kustovy variety formed under LED illumination with the predominance of red light (RL) or far red light (FRL) and infected with the fungus Fusarium oxisporum sp. (F.ox.) was studied. The predominance of RL or FRL contributed to an increase in the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids per dry leaf weight compared to the plants grown under white light (WL). In the infected plants grown under WL and RL regimes, an increase in the total content of chlorophyll and carotenoids was observed relative to healthy plants, and a decrease in the same parameters for FRL was noted. In healthy cucumber leaves grown under RL and FRL regimes, an increase in the activity of photosystem (PS)1 and PS2 in comparison with WL was observed. Infection of cucumber plants grown under WL did not cause any changes in the functional parameters of PS2 against the background of a slight reduction in PS1 complexes. Under RL and FRL regimes, a decrease in the photochemical activity of PS 1 and PS 2 in infected leaves was noted. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase - one of antioxidant enzymes in chloroplasts decreased in healthy cucumber leaves under RL and FRL compared to WL and increased in infected leaves compared to the healthy ones under all light regimes, especially strongly under RL. The results obtained demonstrate different response mechanisms for cucumber chloroplasts to the infection with a fungal pathogen, depending on the light conditions of growing.
The prevalence and risk factors of Spirocerca lupi in domestic dogs in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam, Tran Nguyen-Ho-Bao , Chuc Thi Nguyen ,   College of Applied Biology, Tay Do University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam, Bang Phi Nguyen ,   An Giang University, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam, Hung Huu Nguyen ,   Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
Published: December 2022

Spirocercosis is caused by Spirocerca spp., which is a chronic disease and might cause life-threatening due to forming cancer in oesophagus in canid carnivores. There are limited studies involving spirocercosis in domestic dogs. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prevalence and analyse risk factors involved in the S. lupi infection in Mekong Delta in Vietnam. In total, 400 fecal samples from domestic dogs were collected from May 2020 to May 2021. The overall prevalence of spirocercosis in domestic dogs in the Mekong Delta was 10.50% by copromicroscope and PCR methods. PCR targeted to the housekeeping gene cytochrome c oxidase I (cox-1) was applied to identify species of Spirocerca spp. and analyse the phylogenetic tree. Outdoor dogs had 5.48 times (CI 95% = 2.45-11.690, p < 0.001) higher risks of S. lupi infection compared to indoor dogs. Besides, seasons and age showed a correlation to the increase the risk of S. lupi infection, while neither dog breeds nor gender influenced the prevalence of this species. The cytochrome c oxidase I (cox-1) gene sequence of S. lupi in the Mekong Delta showed the high homologues to the S. lupi isolates in India, Israel, and the North of Vietnam and belonged to the S. lupi genotype 2.
Morphometrics allometry changes and sexual dimorphism in Caragobius urolepis (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae)
Authors:   Department of Biology, School of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam, Hoang Nguyen Phuc Le , Ly Thi Cam Tran ,   Department of Biology, School of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam, Anh Phan Thu Thi ,   Department of Biology, School of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam, Nguyen Thoai Kim ,   Department of Biology, School of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam, Thao Vo Lam Thi ,   Department of Biology, School of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam, Dinh Quang Minh ,   Department of Biology, School of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
Published: December 2022

The present study reported an alternative way of sex-determining for scaleless worm goby Caragobius urolepis based on the regression relationship of some morphological parameters. A total of 328 samples were collected at the trawl nets in two coastal regions in Bac Lieu and Ca Mau from April to August 2022. After collection, the samples were transported to the laboratory in order to measure the total length (TL), body height (BD), head length (HL), the distance of eye (DE), and mouth width (MD) before surgery for accurate sex determination based on gonads. Regression analysis results of TL-BD (growth pattern A+ in females and I in males), TL-HL (growth pattern A+ in females and A- in males), and TL- MD (growth pattern A- in females and A+ in males) could be used to determine the sex of this fish. Moreover, TL-DE and TL-BD could be used to estimate when the samples were collected, e.g , in the dry or wet season, because DE and BD displayed A+ in the wet season but A- in the dry one. The findings could be used as an alternative way to determine fish sex and catching season for this species and others in the Mekong Delta.
Effects of oil and grape seed tannin extract on intakes, digestibility, milk yield and composition of Saanen goats
Authors:   Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha , Duong Tran Tuyet Mai ,   Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam, Tran Thi Thuy Hang ,   Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Rural Development, Can Tho University, Hau Giang 95000, Vietnam, Lam Phuoc Thanh ,   Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
Published: December 2022

An experiment was conducted as a 4×4 Latin square design using 4 lactating Saanen goats, 19 months old and 47.9±1.04 kg of body weight, to evaluate the effect of oil and grape seed tannin extract (GSTE) supplementation on feed intake, digestibility, milk yield and milk composition. Each experimental period lasted for 21 days including 16 days for adjustment and 5 days for sampling. Goats were fed a control diet (Ctrl) consisting of 60% concentrate and 40% fresh Para grass (dry matter, DM, basis) while other 3 treatments were supplementation of 2.5% soybean oil (SO); 2.5% soybean oil + tuna fish oil at 3:2 w:w (SFO); 2.5% soybean oil + tuna fish oil at 3:2 w:w + 0.8% GSTE (OCT). The results showed that oil and GSTE did not affect feed intake, digestibility, milk yield and composition of goats (P > 0.05). However, digestibility of EE was higher (P < 0.05) in SFO and OCT diets (85.4% and 84.7%, respectively) compared with Ctrl (76.2%). Combined data suggested that feeding 2.5% oil blend with or without 0.8% GSTE increased EE digestibility in goats without affecting intake, animal performance and milk composition.
Entrapment of a jejunocecostomy anastomosis in the epiploic foramen in a horse
Authors:   Equine Clinic, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Sean, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Apichaimongkonkun Tawanhathai , Laikul Aree ,   Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Sean, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Limratchapong Sarocha ,   Equine Clinic, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Sean, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Leklub Jutamas ,   Equine Clinic, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Sean, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Cherdchutham Worakij ,   Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Sean, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
Published: December 2022

A mare aged 9 years underwent surgical correction of a small intestinal volvulus using a side-to-side, hand-sewn jejunocecal anastomosis. Nine months after the jejunocecostomy, the horse developed colic signs and ultrasonographic examination revealed gas in the large colon in the upper right flank region and several enlarged loops of the small intestine in the lower right flank area. The differential diagnosis was right dorsal displacement of the large colon or small intestinal strangulation. The exploratory celiotomy found epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE) of the jejunocecostomy anastomosis, including parts of the distal jejunum and cecum. Manual reduction of herniation of the bowel in the epiploic foramen (EF) was impossible and the horse was euthanized. The postmortem gross finding revealed the enlarged edematous at the distal end of the jejunum and the initial body portion of the cecum had passed into the EF in the right-to-left (antegrade) direction. To the authors’knowledge, this is the first report of the antegrade epiploic foramen entrapment of a jejunocecostomy bowel part and this may be one of the complications encountered during the long-term survival period of a surgical jejunocecostomy in horses.
Biphasic bone graft substitute in revision total hip arthroplasty with significant acetabular bone defects
Authors: McPherson Edward J. , Stavrakis Alexandra I. , Chowdhry Madhav , Curtin Nora L. , Dipane Matthew V. , Crawford Brooke M.
Published: December 2022

Aims

Large acetabular bone defects encountered in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) are challenging to restore. Metal constructs for structural support are combined with bone graft materials for restoration. Autograft is restricted due to limited volume, and allogenic grafts have downsides including cost, availability, and operative processing. Bone graft substitutes (BGS) are an attractive alternative if they can demonstrate positive remodelling. One potential product is a biphasic injectable mixture (Cerament) that combines a fast-resorbing material (calcium sulphate) with the highly osteoconductive material hydroxyapatite. This study reviews the application of this biomaterial in large acetabular defects.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review at a single institution of patients undergoing revision THA by a single surgeon. We identified 49 consecutive patients with large acetabular defects where the biphasic BGS was applied, with no other products added to the BGS. After placement of metallic acetabular implants, the BGS was injected into the remaining bone defects surrounding the new implants. Patients were followed and monitored for functional outcome scores, implant fixation, radiological graft site remodelling, and revision failures.

Results

Mean follow-up was 39.5 months (36 to 71), with a significant improvement in post-revision function compared to preoperative function. Graft site remodelling was rated radiologically as moderate in 31 hips (63%) and strong in 12 hips (24%). There were no cases of complete graft site dissolution. No acetabular loosening was identified. None of the patients developed clinically significant heterotopic ossification. There were twelve reoperations: six patients developed post-revision infections, three experienced dislocations, two sustained periprosthetic femur fractures, and one subject had femoral component aseptic loosening.

Conclusion

Our series reports bone defect restoration with the sole use of a biphasic injectable BGS in the periacetabular region. We did not observe significant graft dissolution. We emphasize that successful graft site remodelling requires meticulous recipient site preparation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(12):991–997.
IDENTIDADE FRÁGIL
Authors: Kreibich Susiane
Published: December 2022

Resenha:

RICOEUR, Paul. Identidade Frágil: Respeito ao outro e identidade cultural.

Texto publicado em Os direitos da pessoa em questão, Europe Europa 2000, publicação FIACAT.

Tradução de Douglas Carré, Claudia Tiellet e Noeli Dutra Rossatto, publicada em Saber Humano, v. 10, n. 17, p. 7-15, jul/dez. 2020. (ISSN 2446-6298).
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA ABORDAGEM RICOEURIANA PARA A PESQUISA QUALITATIVA EM PSICOLOGIA
Authors: Zanata Albertini Rafael , Freitas Pinto Weiny César , Costa Márcio Luís
Published: December 2022

A pesquisa qualitativa em Psicologia continua a se desenvolver a partir de diversos pressupostos filosóficos, que colaboram para sua riqueza e pluralidade. O intuito deste artigo é apontar algumas contribuições teóricas e metodológicas do filósofo francês Paul Ricoeur para esse tipo de pesquisa. Percorre-se a vasta obra deste autor – que ganhou fama a partir de uma interpretação original de Freud – a fim de destacar os aspectos mais significativos sobre o tema. Conclui-se que o aporte ricoeuriano confere três notas essenciais à pesquisa qualitativa: a nota fenomenológica, porque visa à descrição das experiências tal como são vividas pelos participantes; a nota hermenêutica, posto que busca o sentido dessas experiências em suas expressões simbólicas, interpretadas mediante sucessivos círculos de interpretação; e a nota narrativa, porquanto entende as histórias de vida como descoberta e construção da subjetividade. Essas notas coadunam e corroboram com tradições qualitativas já em uso, mostrando-se de grande valia, especialmente para a pesquisa em Psicologia.
SOBRE OS LIMITES DA EPISTEMOLOGIA HERMENÊUTICA DE PAUL RICOEUR
Authors: Lauxen Roberto
Published: December 2022

O presente estudo explora alguns interstícios do pensamento epistemológico-hermenêutico de Paul Ricoeur e o alcance do “modelo do texto” para o conjunto das ciências humanas. Com base em uma distinção estratégica entre limites “internos” e “externos” demonstramos como a hermenêutica de Ricoeur se constitui de forma crítica em relação ao seu outro e em relação a si mesma. Apontamos ao menos três tipos de sombreamentos “internos” de sua hermenêutica: a maneira própria de Ricoeur realizar o “enxerto” hermenêutico na fenomenologia (1), a crítica à hermenêutica ontológica (2) e a aposta de confronto da hermenêutica com a filosofia analítica (3). Quanto aos “limites externos”, exploramos alguns pontos de ruptura da epistemologia hermenêutica de Ricoeur centrada no “modelo do texto” (4) em confronto com a microsociologia no campo das ciências sociais (4.1); a psicanálise e as neurociências no campo da psicologia (4.2).
Cultural identity and legal philosophy of multiculturalism
Authors: Funta Ratislav , Plavčan Peter
Published: December 2022

This scientific article objective is to investigate the cultural identity and legal philosophy of multiculturalism. The subject area extends into different disciplines such as politics, philosophy, law and international relations. The question of who has the right to determine who belongs to a particular ethnic community and who does not is a pervasive one. In the following we focus on the social and political dimensions of multicultural life. The analysis requires an examination of the appropriate legal framework. From the scientific methods we have used the analytical and descriptive method to analyse the current situation.
Industrial Revolution 4.0 and its impact on the evolution of the firm’s organization and management
Authors: Kora Holta , Beluli Rajmonda
Published: December 2022

Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 refers to the evolution of industries, particularly in the manufacturing and chain production areas. Executive managerial decisions this industry have a substantial impact on technology, data management and analytics, data security, risk management, regulatory compliance, validation, and human resource practices, among other things. Artificial Intelligence, sensors, enterprise-level solution platforms, and Machine Learning will all be used extensively in the fourth industrial revolution. In industry 4.0, the volume of external and internal Internet of Things (IoT) data is expected to expand, resulting in a drastic shift in information.
The IR4.0 will result in an abundance of data flowing to quality experts in real-time, and this data will come from various sources at the same time, necessitating intelligent utilization to enable quick and effective decision-making. Managers and quality control employees must make the necessary decisions to provide a smooth transition to digital technology, which will increase the efficiency and quality of manufactured goods and services. Companies will be required to employ effective risk management strategies as part of the fourth industrial revolution in order to improve product quality and operational efficiency by allowing machine learning and Artificial Intelligence to give the finest services. As a result, the risk management team must develop plans to ensure that these tactics are implemented properly.
Furthermore, quality managers must ensure that Quality 4.0, which will coincide with the fourth industrial revolution, is implemented effectively. Previous research into how Industry 4.0 affects managerial decisions has been lacking and unsatisfactory. As a result, the article tries to provide a complete assessment of the fourth industrial revolution’s management implications.
Remote teaching and research of tax law during the COVID-19 pandemic: side reflections
Authors: Parente Salvatore
Published: December 2022

The pandemic emergency from COVID-19, an unexpected and dramatic event, alongside the effects of a health, economic and social nature, has had repercussions on teaching and research activities at university level. The essay sets out some reflections on the meaning and quality of the teaching and research functions at a distance and in hybrid mode, in the context of tax law, in a perspective of sharing and “cross-fertilization”.
High-security constellation shaped self-homodyne coherent system with 4-D joint encryption
Authors: Chen Yizhao , Chen Junda , Zhang Mingming , Li Weihao , Liu Deming , Tang Ming
Published: December 2022

In recent years, the self-homodyne coherent (SHC) system and the constellation shaping (CS) technique have drawn considerable attention due to their abilities to further improve the transmission capacity for various scenarios. From the security point of view, the CS technique and the SHC infrastructure also provide new dimensions for encryption. We propose a high-security and reliable SHC system based on the CS technique and the digital chaos. With a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system, chaotic sequences are generated and used for the exclusive or operation, chaotic constant composition distribution matching, phase disturbance, and optical-layer time-delay disturbance. Moreover, 64-ary circular quadrature amplitude modulation (64CQAM) format is adopted for transmission due to its advantages of sensitivity to phase noise, immunity to conventional digital signal processing, and ability of time-mismatch masking, which is verified by simulation in a SHC system. Last, we conduct an experimental verification in a 20GBaud probabilistically shaped 64CQAM SHC system. Consequently, with a large-linewidth laser source, optical-layer security can be protected by time mismatches of tens of picoseconds. And the digital-layer security is protected by an enormous key space of 10127. The proposed scheme can provide reliable real-time encryption for the optical fiber transmission, serving as a potential candidate for the future high-capacity inter/intra-datacenter security interconnect.
Compact laser modulation system for a transportable atomic gravimeter
Authors: López-Vázquez A. , Maldonado M. A. , Gomez E. , Corzo N. V. , de Carlos-López E. , Franco Villafañe J. A. , Jiménez-García K. , Jiménez-Mier J. , López-González J. L. , López-Monjaraz C. J. , López-Romero J. M. , Medina Herrera A. , Méndez-Fragoso R. , Ortiz C. A. , Peña H. , Raboño Borbolla J. G. , Ramírez-Martínez F. , Valenzuela V. M.
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, atom-based quantum sensors are leaving the laboratory towards field applications requiring compact and robust laser systems. Here we describe the realization of a compact laser system for atomic gravimetry. Starting with a single diode laser operating at 780 nm and adding only one fiber electro-optical modulator, one acousto-optical modulator and one laser amplifier we produce laser beams at all the frequencies required for a Rb-87 atomic gravimeter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an atomic fountain configuration can also be implemented with our laser system. The modulated system reported here represents a substantial advance in the simplification of the laser source for transportable atom-based quantum sensors that can be adapted to other sensors such as atomic clocks, accelerometers, gyroscopes or magnetometers with minor modifications.
Overcoming the field-of-view to diameter trade-off in microendoscopy via computational optrode-array microscopy
Authors: Guo Ruipeng , Sorenson Reed , Scharf Robert , Koch Austin , Groover Andrew , Sieburth Leslie , Blair Steve , Menon Rajesh
Published: December 2022

High-resolution microscopy of deep tissue with large field-of-view (FOV) is critical for elucidating organization of cellular structures in plant biology. Microscopy with an implanted probe offers an effective solution. However, there exists a fundamental trade-off between the FOV and probe diameter arising from aberrations inherent in conventional imaging optics (typically, FOV < 30% of diameter). Here, we demonstrate the use of microfabricated non-imaging probes (optrodes) that when combined with a trained machine-learning algorithm is able to achieve FOV of 1x to 5x the probe diameter. Further increase in FOV is achieved by using multiple optrodes in parallel. With a 1 × 2 optrode array, we demonstrate imaging of fluorescent beads (including 30 FPS video), stained plant stem sections and stained living stems. Our demonstration lays the foundation for fast, high-resolution microscopy with large FOV in deep tissue via microfabricated non-imaging probes and advanced machine learning.
Full-field optical spectroscopy at a high spectral resolution using atomic vapors
Authors: Hutchins Romanus , Zanini Giulia , Scarcelli Giuliano
Published: December 2022

Spectral imaging techniques extract spectral information using dispersive elements in combination with optical microscopes. For rapid acquisition, multiplexing spectral information along one dimension of imaged pixels has been demonstrated in hyperspectral imaging, as well as in Raman and Brillouin imaging. Full-field spectroscopy, i.e., multiplexing where imaged pixels are collected in 2D simultaneously while spectral analysis is performed sequentially, can increase spectral imaging speed, but so far has been attained at low spectral resolutions. Here, we extend 2D multiplexing to high spectral resolutions of ∼80 MHz (∼0.0001 nm) using high-throughput spectral discrimination based on atomic transitions.
Non-reciprocal spatial and quasi-reciprocal angular Goos-Hänchen shifts around double CPA-LPs in PT-symmetric Thue-Morse photonic crystals
Authors: Ni Hao , Zhou Guopeng , Chen Xiaoling , Zhao Dong , Wang Yang
Published: December 2022

We theoretically investigate the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts of reflected light beams in Thue-Morse photonic crystals. The systems are constituted by two Thue-Morse dielectrics multilayers and satisfy parity-time (PT) symmetry. Double coherent perfect absorption laser points (CPA-LPs) are achieved in the parameter space composed of the incident angle and the gain-loss factor. Dramatic changes in the phase of reflection coefficient induce giant positive and negative spatial GH shifts at the CPA-LPs, while great angular GH shifts exist around the exceptional points (EPs). The spatial GH shifts present non-reciprocity for the forward and backward incident light waves near the double CPA-LPs, while the angular GH shifts are quasi-reciprocal. Increasing the Thue-Morse sequence number, these characteristics are approved around multiple CPA-LPs as well. Our work could pave the way to explore high-accuracy optical sensors.
Off-resonant modulated driving gate protocols for two-photon ground-Rydberg transition and finite Rydberg blockade strength
Authors: Sun Yuan
Published: December 2022

Recently, the concept of two-qubit controlled phase gate via off-resonant modulated driving has been introduced into the neutral atom qubit platform, with respect to both single-photon and two-photon ground-Rydberg transitions. In order to reach a better performance practically, further developments are in need to overcome a few known limitations in previous discussions. Here, we thoroughly analyze a variety of modulation styles for two-photon transitions, demonstrating the versatility of off-resonant modulated driving protocols. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to refine the designing process for improved performances for specific finite Rydberg blockade strength values. In particular, a reduced requirement on the blockade strength can be directly linked to an improvement of connectivity in qubit array of neutral atoms. These progress are closely related to the core feature that the atomic wave function acquires a geometric phase from the time evolution, which begins and finishes at the same quantum state. Under reasonable experimental conditions readily available nowadays, we anticipate that the fidelity of such protocols can reach as high as the essential requirement of NISQ even if the effects of technical errors and cold atoms’ nonzero temperatures are considered.
Coregistered transcranial optoacoustic and magnetic resonance angiography of the human brain
Authors: Ni Ruiqing , Deán-Ben Xosé Luís , Treyer Valerie , Gietl Anton , Hock Christoph , Klohs Jan , Nitsch Roger M. , Razansky Daniel
Published: December 2022

Imaging modalities capable of visualizing the human brain have led to major advances in neurology and brain research. Multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) has gained importance for studying cerebral function in rodent models due to its unique capability to map changes in multiple hemodynamic parameters and to directly visualize neural activity within the brain. The technique further provides molecular imaging capabilities that can facilitate early disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, transcranial imaging of the human brain is hampered by acoustic attenuation and other distortions introduced by the skull. Here, we demonstrate non-invasive transcranial MSOT angiography of pial veins through the temporal bone of an adult healthy volunteer. Time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were further acquired to facilitate anatomical registration and interpretation. The superior middle cerebral vein in the temporal cortex was identified in the MSOT images, matching its location observed in the TOF-MRA images. These initial results pave the way toward the application of MSOT in clinical brain imaging.
Integrating unsupervised language model with triplet neural networks for protein gene ontology prediction
Authors: Zhu Yi-Heng , Zhang Chengxin , Yu Dong-Jun , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2022

Accurate identification of protein function is critical to elucidate life mechanisms and design new drugs. We proposed a novel deep-learning method, ATGO, to predict Gene Ontology (GO) attributes of proteins through a triplet neural-network architecture embedded with pre-trained language models from protein sequences. The method was systematically tested on 1068 non-redundant benchmarking proteins and 3328 targets from the third Critical Assessment of Protein Function Annotation (CAFA) challenge. Experimental results showed that ATGO achieved a significant increase of the GO prediction accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art approaches in all aspects of molecular function, biological process, and cellular component. Detailed data analyses showed that the major advantage of ATGO lies in the utilization of pre-trained transformer language models which can extract discriminative functional pattern from the feature embeddings. Meanwhile, the proposed triplet network helps enhance the association of functional similarity with feature similarity in the sequence embedding space. In addition, it was found that the combination of the network scores with the complementary homology-based inferences could further improve the accuracy of the predicted models. These results demonstrated a new avenue for high-accuracy deep-learning function prediction that is applicable to large-scale protein function annotations from sequence alone.
Mechanistic model for human brain metabolism and its connection to the neurovascular coupling
Authors: Sundqvist Nicolas , Sten Sebastian , Thompson Peter , Andersson Benjamin Jan , Engström Maria , Cedersund Gunnar
Published: December 2022

The neurovascular and neurometabolic couplings (NVC and NMC) connect cerebral activity, blood flow, and metabolism. This interconnection is used in for instance functional imaging, which analyses the blood-oxygen-dependent (BOLD) signal. The mechanisms underlying the NVC are complex, which warrants a model-based analysis of data. We have previously developed a mechanistically detailed model for the NVC, and others have proposed detailed models for cerebral metabolism. However, existing metabolic models are still not fully utilizing available magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data and are not connected to detailed models for NVC. Therefore, we herein present a new model that integrates mechanistic modelling of both MRS and BOLD data. The metabolic model covers central metabolism, using a minimal set of interactions, and can describe time-series data for glucose, lactate, aspartate, and glutamate, measured after visual stimuli. Statistical tests confirm that the model can describe both estimation data and predict independent validation data, not used for model training. The interconnected NVC model can simultaneously describe BOLD data and can be used to predict expected metabolic responses in experiments where metabolism has not been measured. This model is a step towards a useful and mechanistically detailed model for cerebral blood flow and metabolism, with potential applications in both basic research and clinical applications.
Safeguarding Drosophila female germ cell identity depends on an H3K9me3 mini domain guided by a ZAD zinc finger protein
Authors: Shapiro-Kulnane Laura , Selengut Micah , Salz Helen K.
Published: December 2022

H3K9me3-based gene silencing is a conserved strategy for securing cell fate, but the mechanisms controlling lineage-specific installation of this epigenetic mark remain unclear. InDrosophila, H3K9 methylation plays an essential role in securing female germ cell fate by silencing lineage inappropriatephf7transcription. Thus,phf7regulation in the female germline provides a powerful system to dissect the molecular mechanism underlying H3K9me3 deposition onto protein coding genes. Here we used genetic studies to identify the essential cis-regulatory elements, finding that the sequences required for H3K9me3 deposition are conserved acrossDrosophilaspecies. Transposable elements are also silenced by an H3K9me3-mediated mechanism. But our finding thatphf7regulation does not require the dedicated piRNA pathway components,piwi,aub,rhino,panx, andnxf2, indicates that the mechanisms of H3K9me3 recruitment are distinct. Lastly, we discovered that an uncharacterized member of the zinc finger associated domain (ZAD) containing C2H2 zinc finger protein family, IDENTITY CRISIS (IDC; CG4936), is necessary for H3K9me3 deposition ontophf7. Loss ofidcin germ cells interferes withphf7transcriptional regulation and H3K9me3 deposition, resulting in ectopic PHF7 protein expression. IDC’s role is likely to be direct, as it localizes to a conserved domain within thephf7gene. Collectively, our findings support a model in which IDC guides sequence-specific establishment of an H3K9me3 mini domain, thereby preventing accidental female-to-male programming.
Xianling Gubao attenuates high glucose-induced bone metabolism disorder in MG63 osteoblast-like cells
Authors: Chen Xinlong , Li Yan , Zhang Zhongwen , Chen Liping , Liu Yaqian , Huang Shuhong , Zhang Xiaoqian
Published: December 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are prone to osteoporosis, and high glucose (HG) can affect bone metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of traditional Chinese herbal formulation Xianling Gubao (XLGB) on HG-treated MG63 osteoblast-like cells. MG63 cells were incubated with control (mannitol), HG (20 mM glucose) or HG + XLGB (20 mM glucose+200 mg/L XLGB) mediums. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were examined using CCK8, colony-formation, flow cytometry, Hoechst/PI staining, wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. ELISA, RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the levels of osteogenesis differentiation-associated markers such as ALP, OCN, OPN, RUNX2, OPG, and OPGL in MG63 cells. The levels of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway related proteins, cell cycle-related proteins, and mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins were detected using western blot analysis. In HG-treated MG63 cells, XLGB significantly attenuated the suppression on the proliferation, migration and invasion of MG63 cells caused by HG. HG downregulated the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and the expressions of cell cycle-related proteins, while XLGB reversed the inhibition of HG on MG63 cells. Moreover, XLGB significantly reduced the promotion on the apoptosis of MG63 cells induced by HG, the expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins were suppressed by XLGB treatment. In addition, the expressions of osteogenesis differentiation-associated proteins were also rescued by XLGB in HG-treated MG63 cells. Our data suggest that XLGB rescues the MG63 osteoblasts against the effect of HG. The potential therapeutic mechanism of XLGB partially attributes to inhibiting the osteoblast apoptosis and promoting the bone formation of osteoblasts.
A novel histopathological classification of implant periapical lesion: A systematic review and treatment decision tree
Authors: Gong Jiaming , Zhao Ruimin , Yu Zhanhai , Li Jianxue , Mei Mei
Published: December 2022

Background

Implant periapical lesion (IPL), as a peri-implant disease originating from implant apex, maintains coronal osseointegration in the early stage. With the understanding to IPL increasingly deepened, IPL classification based on different elements was proposed although there still lacks an overall classification system. This study, aiming to systematically integrate the available data published in the literature on IPL associated with histopathology, proposed a comprehensive classification framework and treatment decision tree for IPL.

Methods and findings

English articles on the topic of “implant periapical lesion”, “retrograde peri-implantitis” and “apical peri-implantitis” were searched on PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from 1992 to 2021, and citation retrieval was performed for critical articles. Definite histopathology and radiology of IPL are indispensable criteria for including the article in the literature. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022378001). A total of 509 papers identified, 28 studies were included in this review. In only one retrospective study, 37 of 39 IPL were reported to be at the inflammatory or abscess stage. 27 cases (37 implants) were reported, including acute non-suppurative (1/37, developed to chronic granuloma), chronic granuloma (5/37), acute suppurated (2/37), chronic suppurated-fistulized (6/37), implant periapical cyst (21/37), poor bone healing (2/37), foreign body reaction (1/37). Antibiotics alone did not appear to be effective, and the consequence of surgical debridement required cautious interpretation because of the heterogeneity of lesion course and operation. Implant apicoectomy and marsupialization were predictable approaches in some cases.

Conclusions

The diversiform nature of IPL in the case reports confirms the need for such histopathological classification, which may enhance the comparison and management of different category.
A basic macroeconomic agent-based model for analyzing monetary regime shifts
Authors: Peters Florian , Neuberger Doris , Reinhardt Oliver , Uhrmacher Adelinde
Published: December 2022

In macroeconomics, an emerging discussion of alternative monetary systems addresses the dimensions of systemic risk in advanced financial systems. Monetary regime changes with the aim of achieving a more sustainable financial system have already been discussed in several European parliaments and were the subject of a referendum in Switzerland. However, their effectiveness and efficacy concerning macro-financial stability are not well-known. This paper defines the economic requirements for modeling the current monetary system and introduces the corresponding macroeconomic agent-based model (MABM) in a continuous-time stochastic agent-based simulation environment with a provenance model. This MABM aims to present a starting point for exploring and analyzing monetary reforms. In this context, the monetary system affects the lending potential of banks and might impact the dynamics of financial crises. MABMs are predestined to replicate emergent financial crisis dynamics, analyze institutional changes within a financial system, and thus measure macro-financial stability. The used simulation environment makes the model more accessible and facilitates exploring the impact of different hypotheses and mechanisms in a less complex way. Moreover, the model replicates a wide range of stylized economic facts, which validates it as an analysis tool to implement and compare monetary regime shifts.
Delirium in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Predictors and implications for patient outcome
Authors: Wilke Vera , Sulyok Mihaly , Stefanou Maria-Ioanna , Richter Vivien , Bender Benjamin , Ernemann Ulrike , Ziemann Ulf , Malek Nisar , Kienzle Katharina , Klein Constantin , Bunk Stefanie , Goepel Siri , Mengel Annerose
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Delirium is recognized as a severe complication of coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19-associated delirium has been linked to worse patient outcomes and is considered to be of multifactorial origin. Here we sought to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of delirium in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, along with its impact on clinical outcome.

Methods

Consecutive adult COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary academic referral hospital between March 1st and December 31st, 2020 were included. Potential risk factors for delirium were evaluated, including: age, gender, disease severity (as per the highest WHO grading reached during admission), laboratory parameters for infection and renal function (as per their most extreme values), and presence of comorbidities. To assess the relative strength of risk factors for predicting the occurrence of delirium, we performed a random-forest survival analysis.

Results

347 patients with positive COVID-19 PCR test and median age 68.2 [IQR 55.5, 80.5] years were included. Of those, 79 patients (22.8%) developed delirium, 81 (23.3%) were transferred to ICU, 58 (16.7%) died. 163 (73.8%) patients were discharged home, 13 (5.9%) to another hospital, 32 (14.5%) to nursing homes, 13 (5.9%) to rehabilitation with an overall median admission-to-discharge time of 53 [IQR 14, 195] days. The strongest predictors for the occurrence of delirium were blood urea nitrogen (minimal depth value (MD): 3.33), age (MD: 3.75), disease severity (as captured by WHO grading; MD: 3.93), leukocyte count (MD: 4.22), the presence of a neurodegenerative history (MD: 4.43), ferritin (MD: 4.46) and creatinine (MD: 4.59) levels.

Conclusion

The risk of delirium in COVID-19 can be stratified based on COVID-19 disease severity and–similar to delirium associated with other respiratory infections–the factors advanced age, neurodegenerative disease history, and presence of elevated infection and renal-retention parameters. Screening for these risk factors may facilitate early identification of patients at high-risk for COVID-19-associated delirium.
Interactive framework for Covid-19 detection and segmentation with feedback facility for dynamically improved accuracy and trust
Authors: Sailunaz Kashfia , Bestepe Deniz , Özyer Tansel , Rokne Jon , Alhajj Reda
Published: December 2022

Due to the severity and speed of spread of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, fast but accurate diagnosis of Covid-19 patients has become a crucial task. Achievements in this respect might enlighten future efforts for the containment of other possible pandemics. Researchers from various fields have been trying to provide novel ideas for models or systems to identify Covid-19 patients from different medical and non-medical data. AI-based researchers have also been trying to contribute to this area by mostly providing novel approaches of automated systems using convolutional neural network (CNN) and deep neural network (DNN) for Covid-19 detection and diagnosis. Due to the efficiency of deep learning (DL) and transfer learning (TL) models in classification and segmentation tasks, most of the recent AI-based researches proposed various DL and TL models for Covid-19 detection and infected region segmentation from chest medical images like X-rays or CT images. This paper describes a web-based application framework for Covid-19 lung infection detection and segmentation. The proposed framework is characterized by a feedback mechanism for self learning and tuning. It uses variations of three popular DL models, namely Mask R-CNN, U-Net, and U-Net++. The models were trained, evaluated and tested using CT images of Covid patients which were collected from two different sources. The web application provide a simple user friendly interface to process the CT images from various resources using the chosen models, thresholds and other parameters to generate the decisions on detection and segmentation. The models achieve high performance scores for Dice similarity, Jaccard similarity, accuracy, loss, and precision values. The U-Net model outperformed the other models with more than 98% accuracy.