bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rocuronium-Induced Dilated Nonreactive Pupils in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Report
Authors: Rodrigues Elba da Paixão , da Costa Gustavo Caniné , Braga Douglas Quintanilha , Pinto Jorge Eduardo da Silva Soares , Lessa Marcos Adriano
Published: June 2021

We report the clinical case of a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who had recently undergone neurosurgery and presented with dilated nonreactive pupils during continuous rocuronium infusion, which was reversible with the suspension of the drug. Both the neurosurgical procedure and possible disruption of the blood–brain barrier due to COVID-19 infection may have led to the action of rocuronium in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, clinicians must remember that neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) can cause dilated nonreactive pupils in patients with COVID-19.
Clean and Green
Authors: Craven Sri
Published: June 2021

This short story examines the class and caste dimensions of gender under economic liberalization in India through the experiences of its protagonist, Rani. It elicits the ways the new economic model purportedly ushers in a new modernity, even as the conditions of the poor remain the same within historically established social hierarchies and the damage inflicted on the environment.
The Feminization of Translation
Authors: Godley Min Young
Published: June 2021

The awarding of the 2016 Man Booker International Prize to Deborah Smith’s English translation of The Vegetarian brought global recognition to emergent Korean literature, but domestically it has sparked outrage among numerous Korean scholars who believe the literal inaccuracies in Smith’s translation have brought about a “national disgrace.” Situating this overheated reaction in the larger context of the colonial history of Korean nationalism, this article points out the irony that the “noble cause” of anti-imperialist resistance has historically led to the silencing of women’s voices in the context of preserving and transmitting an idea of quintessential Korean culture to an international audience. Such nationalist tendencies demand the “feminization” of the translator—requesting her to be barely visible while performing a self-effacing humility in deference to the putatively “original” culture. In contrast to this tendency, reading Han’s original and Smith’s translation together makes visible the damages that both colonization and nationalism have inflicted on the representation of female experiences. In the end, what truly scandalizes nationalist critics is not the failure of the translator to accurately convey Korean experiences, but the success of the translation in conveying an area of Korean experience they tend to neglect: that of female subjectivity.
me31B regulates stem cell homeostasis by preventing excess dedifferentiation in the Drosophila male germline
Authors: Jensen Lindy , Venkei Zsolt G. , Watase George J. , Bisai Bitarka , Pletcher Scott , Lee Cheng-Yu , Yamashita Yukiko M.
Published: June 2021

Tissue-specific stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis by providing a continuous supply of differentiated cells throughout the life of organisms. Differentiated/differentiating cells can revert back to a stem cell identity via dedifferentiation to help maintain the stem cell pool beyond the lifetime of individual stem cells. Although dedifferentiation is important for maintaining the stem cell population, it is speculated that it underlies tumorigenesis. Therefore, this process must be tightly controlled. Here, we show that a translational regulator, me31B, plays a critical role in preventing excess dedifferentiation in the Drosophila male germline: in the absence of me31B, spermatogonia dedifferentiate into germline stem cells (GSCs) at a dramatically elevated frequency. Our results show that the excess dedifferentiation is likely due to misregulation of nos, a key regulator of germ cell identity and GSC maintenance. Taken together, our data reveal negative regulation of dedifferentiation to balance stem cell maintenance with differentiation.
More is More? Total Pancreatectomy for Periampullary Cancer as an Alternative in Patients with High-Risk Pancreatic Anastomosis: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Hempel Sebastian , Oehme Florian , Tahirukaj Ermal , Kolbinger Fiona R. , Müssle Benjamin , Welsch Thilo , Weitz Jürgen , Distler Marius
Published: June 2021

Background

Postpancreatectomy morbidity remains significant even in high-volume centers and frequently results in delay or suspension of indicated adjuvant oncological treatment. This study investigated the short-term and long-term outcome after primary total pancreatectomy (PTP) and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) or Whipple procedure, with a special focus on administration of adjuvant therapy and oncological survival.

Methods

Patients who underwent PTP or PPPD/Whipple for periampullary cancer between January 2008 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score-matched analysis was performed to compare perioperative and oncological outcomes. Correspondingly, cases of rescue completion pancreatectomy (RCP) were analyzed.

Results

In total, 41 PTP and 343 PPPD/Whipple procedures were performed for periampullary cancer. After propensity score matching, morbidity (Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) ≥ IIIa, 31.7% vs. 24.4%; p = 0.62) and mortality rates (7.3% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.36) were similar in PTP and PPPD/Whipple. Frequency of adjuvant treatment administration (76.5% vs. 78.4%; p = 0.87), overall survival (513 vs. 652 days; p = 0.47), and progression-free survival (456 vs. 454 days; p = 0.95) did not significantly differ. In turn, after RCP, morbidity (CDC ≥ IIIa, 85%) and mortality (40%) were high, and overall survival was poor (median 104 days). Indicated adjuvant therapy was not administered in 77%.

Conclusions

In periampullary cancers, PTP may provide surgical and oncological treatment outcomes comparable with pancreatic head resections and might save patients from RCP. Especially in selected cases with high-risk pancreatic anastomosis or preoperatively impaired glucose tolerance, PTP may provide a safe treatment alternative to pancreatic head resection.
Status and codification of karst aquifer systems in Greece
Authors: Voudouris Konstantinos S.
Published: June 2021

Karst groundwater is an important natural resource for the water supply. The karst aquifer systems of Greece are developed within carbonate sedimentary (limestone, dolomite) and metamorphic rocks (marbles) and contribute significantly to water supply for domestic and irrigation use. They are discharged through springs: submarine, coastal brackish and inland freshwater springs. This review presents the general characteristics of karst aquifers focusing on hydraulic properties. Evaluation of the results shows that the hydraulic parameters of the karstic aquifer systems range within a large scale of values depending on karstification, tectonics and stratigraphy. High values of transmissivity and specific capacity are recorded in the upper stratigraphically levels of the karstic aquifer systems. In addition, a total of 229 different karst systems were classified according to five criteria: 1) Lithology, 2) Position, 3) Quality status, 4) Exploitation and quantitative status and 5) Discharge of springs. The majority (80%) of karst systems is developed in sedimentary rocks (limestones) and is of good water quality and quantitative status. Poor water quality status is recorded in coastal karst aquifers (mainly on islands) due to seawater intrusion phenomena. Finally, this work summarizes the characteristics of the karst aquifers in Greece in order to ensure the sustainable management of groundwater resources.
A preliminary study of Japanese co-workers’ attitudes towards migrant workers’ Japanese language skills in blue-collar workplaces
Authors: Morita Liang
Published: June 2021

Background: This is a preliminary study of Japanese co-workers’ attitudes towards migrant workers’ Japanese language skills in blue-collar workplaces. This is an important topic, seeing as Japanese co-workers’ attitudes can result in inequalities at the workplace, directly impacting migrant workers’ everyday lives. Understanding these attitudes and addressing them can improve migrant workers’ experiences.

Methods: The study is based on content analysis of documents taken from English-language sources.

Results: The author found that Japanese co-workers and employers assume ownership of the means of communication, expecting only Japanese to be used at the workplace. They also underrate migrant workers’ Japanese proficiency.

Conclusions: Although the data has its limitations, the study provides some insight and can potentially serve as a base for further research.
Orthostatic hypotension: the last 20 years
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: June 2021

In the second article of the new Neurocardiology series, Helen Cowan looks at the history of orthostatic hypotension
Exoscope-based videocapillaroscopy system for in vivo skin microcirculation imaging of various body areas
Authors: Machikhin Alexander S. , Volkov Mikhail V. , Khokhlov Demid D. , Lovchikova Ekaterina D. , Potemkin Andrey V. , Danilycheva Inna V. , Dorofeeva Irina V. , Shulzhenko Andrey E.
Published: June 2021

The capillary system immediately responds to many pathologies and environmental conditions. Accurate monitoring of its functioning often enables early detection of various diseases related to disorders in skin microcirculation. To expand the scope of capillaroscopy application, it is reasonable to visualize and assess blood microcirculation exactly in the areas of inflamed skin. Body vibrations, breathing, non-flat skin surface and other factors hamper the application of conventional capillaroscopes outside the nailfold area. In this paper, we propose an exoscope-based optical system for high-quality non-invasive computational imaging of capillary network in various areas of the body. Accurate image matching and tracking temporal intensity variations allow detecting the presence of blood pulsations, precise mapping of capillaries and photoplethysmogram acquisition. We have demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed approach experimentally by in vivo mapping and analysis of microvessels in wrist, forearm, upper-arm, breast and hip areas. We believe that the developed system will increase the diagnostic value of video capillaroscopy in clinical practice.
Automated microscope-independent fluorescence-guided micropipette
Authors: Miranda Christopher , Howell Madeleine R. , Lusk Joel F. , Marschall Ethan , Eshima Jarrett , Anderson Trent , Smith Barbara S.
Published: June 2021

Glass micropipette electrodes are commonly used to provide high resolution recordings of neurons. Although it is the gold standard for single cell recordings, it is highly dependent on the skill of the electrophysiologist. Here, we demonstrate a method of guiding micropipette electrodes to neurons by collecting fluorescence at the aperture, using an intra-electrode tapered optical fiber. The use of a tapered fiber for excitation and collection of fluorescence at the micropipette tip couples the feedback mechanism directly to the distance between the target and electrode. In this study, intra-electrode tapered optical fibers provide a targeted robotic approach to labeled neurons that is independent of microscopy.
Tomography of irregular rough particles using the error-reduction algorithm with multi-views interferometric particle imaging
Authors: Delestre B. , Talbi M. , Abad A. , Brunel M.
Published: June 2021

This work reports the 3D reconstruction of a particle from a set of three simulated interferometric images of this particle (from three perpendicular angles of view). The reconstruction of each view from its corresponding interferometric pattern uses the error-reduction (ER) algorithm. The 3D reconstruction enables an estimation of the volume of the particle. The method is tested on a dendrite-like particle. An experimental demonstration of the technique is done using a digital micromirror device (DMD) that generates the interferometric images of “programmable” rough particles.
Decay rate enhancement of diamond NV-centers on diamond thin films
Authors: Li Hao , Ou Jun-Yu , Fedotov Vassili A. , Papasimakis Nikitas
Published: June 2021

We demonstrate experimentally two-fold enhancement of the decay rate of NV° centers on diamond/Si substrate as opposed to a bare Si substrate. We link the decay enhancement to the interplay between the excitation of substrate modes and the presence of non-radiative decay channels. We show that the radiative decay rate can vary by up to 90% depending on the thickness of the diamond film.
Security analysis of continuous variable quantum key distribution based on entangled states with biased correlations
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Li Ruixin , Wang Yajun , Wang Xuyang , Tian Long , Zheng Yaohui
Published: June 2021

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entangled states can significantly enhance the secret key rate and secure distance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). In practical imperfections always exist in the preparation of two-mode squeezing (entangled states), which present an asymmetrical variance for the two quadratures. The imperfections induced by the bias effect of the entangled states are commonly treated as part of the untrusted channel to decrease the performance of the system. Here, we theoretically quantify the influence of bias effect on the secret key rate and secure distance, and propose a solution of generating unbiased entangled states protocol. The results demonstrated that the unbiased entangled states protocol guarantees the longest secure distance and highest key rate compared to that of coherent and biased entangled states.
Skin effect photon-trapping enhancement in infrared photodiodes
Authors: Ge Haonan , Xie Runzhang , Chen Yunfeng , Wang Peng , Li Qing , Gu Yue , Guo Jiaxiang , He Jiale , Wang Fang , Hu Weida
Published: June 2021

With the development of infrared optoelectronic technology, high responsivity, ultra-low dark current, and high response speed have become important factors of the next generation of infrared photodiodes. However, the minimum thickness of the absorber layer is limited to approximately one or several wavelength lengths to acquire high quantum efficiency, which results in a long transit time of photogenerated carriers. In this work, we propose a photon-trapping structure that uses the skin effect of metals to generate horizontal local modes to enhance the absorption of infrared photodiodes. The photon-trapping structure consists of an artificial grating structure covered by a metallic film. Importantly, we develop a simplified theoretical model to describe the local mode, which is then being used to design the realistic photon-trapping structure presented in this work. This design method is universal and we discuss the optical properties of the photon-trapping structure in InAs, InSb, InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices, InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattices, and HgCdTe infrared photodiodes. Both absorption of optical properties and responsivity of optoelectrical properties are numerically investigated in a systematic way. The optical simulations indicate that the absorption of the HgCdTe infrared photodiodes exceeds 80% at 8.5 ∼ 11 µm with a maximum value of 95% at 9.73 µm. The optoelectrical simulations show that the responsivity at 7 ∼ 10 µm is significantly enhanced compared to that of the plain HgCdTe infrared photodiodes without the photon-trapping structure. We further investigate the optical crosstalk in the HgCdTe pixel array employing the photon-trapping structure. The optical crosstalk significantly reduces as the pixel spacing increases. Our work provides a design method for developing small pixel, large scale, and low dark current focal plane array infrared photodiodes.
Optimal design of segmented planar imaging for dense azimuthal sampling lens array
Authors: Hu Huiling , Liu Chunyu , Zhang Yuxing , Feng Qinping , Liu Shuai
Published: June 2021

Due to the sparsity and inhomogeneity of sampling points in spatial frequency domain, the effectiveness of the rules for finding two points in the target object from the autocorrelation is limited, and the reconstructed image is blurred. Traditional segmented planar imaging usually needs to enhance image sharpness and minimize artifacts with continuous modification to the reconstruction algorithm. However, if the ideal image quality is not high, there will be less space for actual image optimization after sampling. To solve this problem, a segmented planar imager based on dense azimuthal sampling lens array is proposed in this paper. The radial fill factor of the lens array is 0.5, and the number of radial-spoke photonic integrated circuits (PIC) is twice that of the traditional system, which can effectively mitigate image artifacts and improve ideal image quality. Based on the dense azimuth sampling lens array architecture, the full-chain theoretical model is established, a discrete spectrum matrix reconstruction method is proposed to reduce the space between spatial sampling points. With this method, it can achieve the continuous sampling of all integer multiples fundamental frequency within the highest frequency range including zero frequency along the baseline direction. In addition, the number of radial-spoke PICs and the effective spatial sampling radius are further simulated. The results show that the upper limit of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) can be improved by increasing the number of azimuthal sampling PICs, and reducing the effective spatial sampling radius can weaken the noise and enhance the definition of the actual image. The research results of system performance have certain reference significance for the design of segmented planar imagers in optimizing the number of radial-spoke PICs. The method of combining structural design and sampling is of great significance for improving the imaging quality of the system.
Microscopic origin of thermal droop in blue-emitting InGaN/GaN quantum wells studied by temperature-dependent microphotoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Ishii Ryota , Koyama Yuji , Funato Mitsuru , Kawakami Yoichi
Published: June 2021

To elucidate the microscopic origin of the thermal droop, a blue-emitting indium gallium nitride (InGaN) quantum well grown on epitaxially laterally overgrown gallium nitride was investigated using temperature-dependent microphotoluminescence spectroscopy. Below 300 K, the sample exhibited a well-known dislocation-tolerant luminescence behavior. However, as temperature increases from 300 K to 500 K, the near band-edge emission at the wing region (with lower threading dislocation densities) was stronger than that at the seed region (with higher threading dislocation densities), indicating that threading dislocations are the microscopic origin of the thermal droop. Considering the carrier diffusion length, edge-type threading dislocations should play a major role in the thermal droop of heteroepitaxially grown InGaN-based LEDs.
Design and manufacture of miniaturized immersed imaging spectrometer for remote sensing
Authors: Zhu Jiacheng , Chen Xinhua , Zhao Zhicheng , Shen Weimin
Published: June 2021

A miniaturized immersed imaging spectrometer possessing long slit and large relative aperture is proposed. It is integrated monolithically with three concentric optical components. Through the chief ray tracing, we analyzed its astigmatism characteristic and then deduced the anastigmatic condition for long slit. Meanwhile, it is athermal by matching the suitable lens materials to compensate thermal defocus. Based on the anastigmatic and athermal conditions, we have designed a miniaturized VNIR immersed imaging spectrometer and developed the prototype. Its slit is 48 mm long and it is optically fast with an F-number of 2.5. The new form shows about 12 times smaller in volume than the classic Offner-Chrisp imaging spectrometer and weighs only 2 kg, and has excellent thermal adaptability while temperature changes between -40 °C and 60 °C. Meanwhile, fabrication of core elements and gluing process of the immersed imaging spectrometer are presented. Test results of the prototype show superior performance with high imaging quality and small smile and keystone distortions. Such miniaturized immersed imaging spectrometer will greatly improve the performance and reduce the costs of wide swath hyperspectral remote sensing, and is desirable for usage on small plane or satellite platforms.
Fabrication of nanogap structures through spatially shaped femtosecond laser modification with the assistance of wet chemical etching
Authors: Zhou Shipeng , Li Xiaowei , Huang Ji , Wang Zhipeng , Liu Yang , Gao Shuai , Xu Zhijie , Jiang Lan
Published: June 2021

Fabricating nanostructures with an extremely small feature size through a near-infrared femtosecond laser is a considerable challenge. In this Letter, we report a flexible, facile, and mask-free method that enables the formation of nanogap structures with a controllable size on silicon. This method involves spatially shaped femtosecond laser single-pulse modification assisted with chemical etching. Nanogaps obtained after etching can be divided into two categories, namely a ring dimer with a nanogap (type I) and Crack-nanogap (type II). The nanogap between the ring dimer could be reduced to 68 nm with a gradual increase in the laser fluence. For the Crack-nanogap obtained through crack propagation induced by stress release during a wet etching process, the smallest gap size is approximately 9 nm.
Investigation of a diode-pumped Ti:sapphire laser modelocked using carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mitchell Toby , Castro-Marin Pablo , Sun Jinghua , Reid Derryck T.
Published: June 2021

We report a diode-pumped femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser in which a suspension of single-walled carbon nanotubes spin-coated onto a cavity mirror is the saturable absorber element. Laser performance is presented for single-diode pumping at 462 nm with 51-fs pulses being achieved with an output power of 27 mW. The laser exhibits stable operation with a relative intensity noise of 0.26% and a pulse repetition frequency of 79.24 MHz. Measurements reporting saturable and non-saturable losses each of ∼0.1% illustrate that this saturable absorber element is particularly appropriate for use in a low gain system such as a diode-pumped Ti:sapphire laser.
Experiences and lessons learned from two virtual, hands-on microbiome bioinformatics workshops
Authors: Dillon Matthew R. , Bolyen Evan , Adamov Anja , Belk Aeriel , Borsom Emily , Burcham Zachary , Debelius Justine W. , Deel Heather , Emmons Alex , Estaki Mehrbod , Herman Chloe , Keefe Christopher R. , Morton Jamie T. , Oliveira Renato R. M. , Sanchez Andrew , Simard Anthony , Vázquez-Baeza Yoshiki , Ziemski Michal , Miwa Hazuki E. , Kerere Terry A. , Coote Carline , Bonneau Richard , Knight Rob , Oliveira Guilherme , Gopalasingam Piraveen , Kaehler Benjamin D. , Cope Emily K. , Metcalf Jessica L. , Robeson II Michael S. , Bokulich Nicholas A. , Caporaso J. Gregory
Published: June 2021

In October of 2020, in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, our team hosted our first fully online workshop teaching the QIIME 2 microbiome bioinformatics platform. We had 75 enrolled participants who joined from at least 25 different countries on 6 continents, and we had 22 instructors on 4 continents. In the 5-day workshop, participants worked hands-on with a cloud-based shared compute cluster that we deployed for this course. The event was well received, and participants provided feedback and suggestions in a postworkshop questionnaire. In January of 2021, we followed this workshop with a second fully online workshop, incorporating lessons from the first. Here, we present details on the technology and protocols that we used to run these workshops, focusing on the first workshop and then introducing changes made for the second workshop. We discuss what worked well, what didn’t work well, and what we plan to do differently in future workshops.
Identifying the combinatorial control of signal-dependent transcription factors
Authors: Wang Ning , Lefaudeux Diane , Mazumder Anup , Li Jingyi Jessica , Hoffmann Alexander
Published: June 2021

The effectiveness of immune responses depends on the precision of stimulus-responsive gene expression programs. Cells specify which genes to express by activating stimulus-specific combinations of stimulus-induced transcription factors (TFs). Their activities are decoded by a gene regulatory strategy (GRS) associated with each response gene. Here, we examined whether the GRSs of target genes may be inferred from stimulus-response (input-output) datasets, which remains an unresolved model-identifiability challenge. We developed a mechanistic modeling framework and computational workflow to determine the identifiability of all possible combinations of synergistic (AND) or non-synergistic (OR) GRSs involving three transcription factors. Considering different sets of perturbations for stimulus-response studies, we found that two thirds of GRSs are easily distinguishable but that substantially more quantitative data is required to distinguish the remaining third. To enhance the accuracy of the inference with timecourse experimental data, we developed an advanced error model that avoids error overestimates by distinguishing between value and temporal error. Incorporating this error model into a Bayesian framework, we show that GRS models can be identified for individual genes by considering multiple datasets. Our analysis rationalizes the allocation of experimental resources by identifying most informative TF stimulation conditions. Applying this computational workflow to experimental data of immune response genes in macrophages, we found that a much greater fraction of genes are combinatorially controlled than previously reported by considering compensation among transcription factors. Specifically, we revealed that a group of known NFκB target genes may also be regulated by IRF3, which is supported by chromatin immuno-precipitation analysis. Our study provides a computational workflow for designing and interpreting stimulus-response gene expression studies to identify underlying gene regulatory strategies and further a mechanistic understanding.
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children
Authors: Niemeier-Walsh Christine , Ryan Patrick H. , Meller Jaroslaw , Ollberding Nicholas J. , Adhikari Atin , Reponen Tiina
Published: June 2021

Background

Exposure to particulate matter has been shown to increase the adhesion of bacteria to human airway epithelial cells. However, the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the respiratory microbiome is unknown.

Methods

Forty children were recruited through the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a longitudinal cohort followed from birth through early adolescence. Saliva and induced sputum were collected at age 14 years. Exposure to TRAP was characterized from birth through the time of sample collection using a previously validated land-use regression model. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S and ITS fungal rRNA genes was performed on sputum and saliva samples. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa and diversity indices were compared in children with exposure to high and low TRAP. We also used multiple linear regression to assess the effect of TRAP exposure, gender, asthma status, and socioeconomic status on the alpha diversity of bacteria in sputum.

Results

We observed higher bacterial alpha diversity indices in sputum than in saliva. The diversity indices for bacteria were greater in the high TRAP exposure group than the low exposure group. These differences remained after adjusting for asthma status, gender, and mother’s education. No differences were observed in the fungal microbiome between TRAP exposure groups.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that exposure to TRAP in early childhood and adolescence may be associated with greater bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract. Asthma status does not appear to confound the observed differences in diversity. These results demonstrate that there may be a TRAP-exposure related change in the lower respiratory microbiota that is independent of asthma status.
Comparison of the effect of hyaluronic acid injection versus extracorporeal shockwave therapy on chronic plantar fasciitis: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz , Sevilla Davy , Oliveira Carolinne Nascimento , Junior Luiz Carlos Nogueira , Arliani Gustavo Gonçalves , Oliveira Victor Otávio , Pereira Filho Miguel Viana
Published: June 2021

Background

Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of pain in the plantar region of the heel, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is an option used in cases where conservative treatment fails. Hyaluronic acid (HA), initially used for osteoarthrosis, is a treatment option because it has been applied to extra-articular regions, such as tendons, ligaments, and fascia. The aim of the present study will be to evaluate the outcomes of pain, function, and personal satisfaction after a single injection of HA and to compare the results with those of ESWT in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis.

Methods

The study will include 80 patients who will be randomized to receive three sessions of ESWT (n = 40) or a single ultrasound-guided HA injection in the plantar fascia (n = 40). The outcomes will include the visual analog pain scale score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). All of the assessments will be performed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Statistical analysis will be performed using the repeated measures ANOVA (analysis of variance test) for primary and secondary outcomes and also Fisher’s Least Significant Difference, a Post-Hoc test. We will use R software for statistical analysis, randomization, and sample size calculation.

Results

Recruitment and data collection will begin in November 2020, with completion scheduled for November 2022 and final publication available in March 2023.

Conclusion

This trial will evaluate the effects of a single ultrasound-guided HA injection for the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis.

Trial registration

Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (Register Number: RBR-97vkx4) http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-97vkx4/.
Survival prediction based on the gene expression associated with cancer morphology and microenvironment in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Takashima Yasuo , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Fukai Junya , Iwadate Yasuo , Kajiwara Koji , Hondoh Hiroaki , Yamanaka Ryuya
Published: June 2021

Dysregulation of cell morphology and cell-cell interaction results in cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Besides, a balance between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) is required for cancer cell morphology and angiogenesis. Here, we determined gene signatures associated with the morphology and microenvironment of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) to enable prognosis prediction. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) on 31 PCNSL samples revealed gene signatures as follows: ACTA2, ACTR10, CAPG, CORO1C, KRT17, and PALLD in cytoskeleton, CDH5, CLSTN1, ITGA10, ITGAX, ITGB7, ITGA8, FAT4, ITGAE, CDH10, ITGAM, ITGB6, and CDH18 in adhesion, COL8A2, FBN1, LAMB3, and LAMA2 in ECM, ADAM22, ADAM28, MMP11, and MMP24 in MMP. Prognosis prediction formulas with the gene expression values and the Cox regression model clearly divided survival curves of the subgroups in each status. Furthermore, collagen genes contributed to gene network formation in glasso, suggesting that the ECM balance controls the PCNSL microenvironment. Finally, the comprehensive balance of morphology and microenvironment enabled prognosis prediction by a combinatorial expression of 8 representative genes, including KRT17, CDH10, CDH18, COL8A2, ADAM22, ADAM28, MMP11, and MMP24. Besides, these genes could also diagnose PCNSL cell types with MTX resistances in vitro. These results would not only facilitate the understanding of biology of PCNSL but also consider targeting pathways for anti-cancer treatment in personalized precision medicine in PCNSL.
Estimating ventilation rates in rooms with varying occupancy levels: Relevance for reducing transmission risk of airborne pathogens
Authors: Deol Arminder K. , Scarponi Danny , Beckwith Peter , Yates Tom A. , Karat Aaron S. , Yan Ada W. C. , Baisley Kathy S. , Grant Alison D. , White Richard G. , McCreesh Nicky
Published: June 2021

Background

In light of the role that airborne transmission plays in the spread of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the ongoing high global mortality from well-known airborne diseases such as tuberculosis and measles, there is an urgent need for practical ways of identifying congregate spaces where low ventilation levels contribute to high transmission risk. Poorly ventilated clinic spaces in particular may be high risk, due to the presence of both infectious and susceptible people. While relatively simple approaches to estimating ventilation rates exist, the approaches most frequently used in epidemiology cannot be used where occupancy varies, and so cannot be reliably applied in many of the types of spaces where they are most needed.

Methods

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of a non-steady state method to estimate the absolute ventilation rate, which can be applied in rooms where occupancy levels vary. We used data from a room in a primary healthcare clinic in a high TB and HIV prevalence setting, comprising indoor and outdoor carbon dioxide measurements and head counts (by age), taken over time. Two approaches were compared: approach 1 using a simple linear regression model and approach 2 using an ordinary differential equation model.

Results

The absolute ventilation rate, Q, using approach 1 was 2407 l/s [95% CI: 1632–3181] and Q from approach 2 was 2743 l/s [95% CI: 2139–4429].

Conclusions

We demonstrate two methods that can be used to estimate ventilation rate in busy congregate settings, such as clinic waiting rooms. Both approaches produced comparable results, however the simple linear regression method has the advantage of not requiring room volume measurements. These methods can be used to identify poorly-ventilated spaces, allowing measures to be taken to reduce the airborne transmission of pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, measles, and SARS-CoV-2.
A preliminary study on assessment of wellbeing among veterinary medical house officers
Authors: Chigerwe Munashe , Barter Linda , Dechant Julie E. , Dear Jonathan D. , Boudreaux Karen A.
Published: June 2021

Mental wellness is an important topic among practicing veterinarians. Peer reviewed studies focusing on veterinary house officers’ wellbeing are lacking in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to assess wellbeing of house officers using validated surveys for anxiety, burnout, depression, and quality of life. A cross-sectional survey of 103 house officers (residents, interns, and fellows) was performed. Respondents were invited to voluntarily complete the online surveys. Anxiety, burnout, depression, and quality of life were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Short Form-8 (SF-8), respectively. Descriptive statistics were calculated. For qualitative analysis, respondents were requested to rate their perception of the level of stress regarding various work-related stressors. The first survey was completed in 2017 with 60 respondents of which 51 (85%) identified as females and nine (15%) identified as males. The second survey was completed in 2018 with 43 respondents of which 35 (81.4%) identified as females and 8 (18.6%) identified as males. Respondents reported high levels of burnout characterized by high levels of emotional exhaustion and lack of personal accomplishment but reported mild levels of anxiety and depression. The mental component of their quality of life score was lower than the general US population, whereas the physical component score was consistent with the general US population. Respondents indicated moderate scores of stress for concerns regarding patient management, research, teaching, work-life balance, relationships, organizational skills, time management, finances, and the mental and emotional impact of the work environment. The high levels of burnout, and low mental quality of life in house officers require specific intervention programs to improve wellbeing.
Diagnostic accuracy of Panbio rapid antigen tests on oropharyngeal swabs for detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ngo Nsoga Marie Thérèse , Kronig Ilona , Perez Rodriguez Francisco Javier , Sattonnet-Roche Pascale , Da Silva Diogo , Helbling Javan , Sacks Jilian A. , de Vos Margaretha , Boehm Erik , Gayet- Ageron Angèle , Berger Alice , Jacquerioz-Bausch Frédérique , Chappuis François , Kaiser Laurent , Schibler Manuel , Renzoni Adriana , Eckerle Isabella
Published: June 2021

Background

Antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 offer new opportunities for testing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) are the reference sample type, but oropharyngeal swabs (OPS) may be a more acceptable sample type in some patients.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study in a single screening center to assess the diagnostic performance of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test (Abbott) on OPS compared with reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) using NPS during the second pandemic wave in Switzerland.

Results

402 outpatients were enrolled in a COVID-19 screening center, of whom 168 (41.8%) had a positive RT-qPCR test. The oropharyngeal Ag-RDT clinical sensitivity compared to nasopharyngeal RT-qPCR was 81% (95%CI: 74.2–86.6). Two false positives were noted out of the 234 RT-qPCR negative individuals, which resulted in a clinical specificity of 99.1% (95%CI: 96.9–99.9) for the Ag-RDT. For cycle threshold values ≤ 26.7 (≥ 1E6 SARS-CoV-2 genomes copies/mL, a presumed cut-off for infectious virus), 96.3% sensitivity (95%CI: 90.7–99.0%) was obtained with the Ag-RDT using OPS.

Interpretation

Based on our findings, the diagnostic performance of the Panbio™ Covid-19 RDT with OPS samples, if taken by a trained person and high requirements regarding quality of the specimen, meet the criteria required by the WHO for Ag-RDTs (sensitivity ≥80% and specificity ≥97%) in a high incidence setting in symptomatic individuals.
Asthma increased in young adults from 2008–2016 despite stable allergic rhinitis and reduced smoking
Authors: Vasileiadou Styliana , Ekerljung Linda , Bjerg Anders , Goksör Emma
Published: June 2021

Background

Studies have produced inconsistent results on prevalence trends in asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). We surveyed young adults about asthma in 2008 and 2016 and examined the impact of gender, AR and smoking.

Methods

Thirty-thousand randomly selected subjects aged 16–75 years in Western Sweden received postal questionnaires in 2008 and 50,000 in 2016. This study is based on responders aged 16–25 years, 2,143 in 2008 and 2,484 in 2016.

Results

From 2008–2016 current asthma increased from 9.3% to 11.5% (p = 0.014) and was significant in males without AR (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.09–3.07) and male smokers (aOR 3.02, 95% CI 1.12–8.13). In both years the risk of current asthma was reduced by growing up on a farm (aOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.81–0.84 and aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23–0.996), independent of a family history of asthma or allergy. AR did not differ significantly from 2008–2016 (22.5% vs 24.4%, p = 0.144). Current smoking decreased from 20.3% to 15.2% (p<0.001), especially in females (23.5% to 16.2%, p<0.001). Female smokers started smoking later and smoked fewer cigarettes in 2016 than 2008. In 2016, 4.8% of the cohort reported using electronic cigarettes. Of those, 60.7% also smoked tobacco and more than two-thirds who used both (67.2%) were heavy smokers.

Conclusion

Current asthma increased in respondents aged 16–25 from 2008–2016, mainly among males without AR and male smokers. Current AR levelled off in this young population, while current smoking decreased among females.
Prioritising topics for developing e-learning resources in healthcare curricula: A comparison between students and educators using a modified Delphi survey
Authors: Lim Hooi Min , Ng Chirk Jenn , Teo Chin Hai , Lee Ping Yein , Kassim Puteri Shanaz Jahn , Nasharuddin Nurul Amelina , Yong Phelim Voon Chen , Sellappans Renukha , Yap Wei Hsum , Lee Yew Kong , Abu Hassan Zahiruddin Fitri , Krishnan Kuhan , Ghazali Sazlina Shariff , Idris Faridah , Hassan Nurhanim , Ayub Enna , Konstantinidis Stathis , Taylor Michael , Poussa Cherry , Karlgren Klas , Stathakarou Natalia , Mordt Petter , Nilsen Arne Thomas , Wharrad Heather
Published: June 2021

Background

Engaging students in the e-learning development process enhances the effective implementation of e-learning, however, students’ priority on the topics for e-learning may differ from that of the educators. This study aims to compare the differences between the students and their educators in prioritising the topics in three healthcare curricula for reusable e-learning object (RLO) development.

Method

A modified Delphi study was conducted among students and educators from University Malaya (UM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and Taylor’s University (TU) on three undergraduate programmes. In Round 1, participants were asked to select the topics from the respective syllabi to be developed into RLOs. Priority ranking was determined by using frequencies and proportions. The first quartile of the prioritised topics was included in Round 2 survey, which the participants were asked to rate the level of priority of each topic using a 5-point Likert scale. The mean score of the topics was compared between students and educators.

Result

A total of 43 educators and 377 students participated in this study. For UM and TU Pharmacy, there was a mismatch in the prioritised topics between the students and educators. For UPM, both the educators and students have prioritised the same topics in both rounds. To harmonise the prioritisation of topics between students and educators for UM and TU Pharmacy, the topics with a higher mean score by both the students and educators were prioritised.

Conclusion

The mismatch in prioritised topics between students and educators uncovered factors that might influence the prioritisation process. This study highlighted the importance of conducting needs assessment at the beginning of eLearning resources development.
Balancing fertility and livelihood diversity in mixed economies
Authors: Hackman Joseph V. , Kramer Karen L.
Published: June 2021

Mixed economies provide a unique context for testing theories of fertility change. Because they have a stake in two traditions, mixed-economy households balance the demands of both a labor-based subsistence economy, which benefits from a large family, and a wage-labor economy, which benefits from reduced fertility. Additionally, household size changes over the course of its life-cycle and shapes available economic opportunities. Here we argue that in mixed economies, fertility may reflect opportunities for livelihood diversity rather than simply responding to the restricted socioeconomic benefits of small families. While low fertility may in some cases have an economic benefit, low fertility can also limit the livelihood diversity of a household which is a key strategy for long-term economic success. We test this prediction with longitudinal data from a Maya community undergoing both a sustained decline in fertility and rapid integration into the market economy. Using household-level fertility, number of adults, and livelihood diversity at two time points, we find that household size is positively related to livelihood diversity, which in turn is positively related to household income per-capita. However, household size also has a negative association with income per capita. The results reflect a balancing act whereby households attempt to maximize the economic diversity with as few members as possible. Broadly, these results suggest that theories of fertility decline must account for how households pool resources and diversify economic activities in the face of increasing market integration, treating fertility as both an outcome and an input into economic and reproductive decision-making.
Effects of low-dose X-ray medical diagnostics on female gonads: Insights from large animal oocytes and human ovaries as complementary models
Authors: Martino Nicola Antonio , Vicenti Rossella , Macciocca Maria , Seracchioli Renato , Marzano Giuseppina , Mastrorocco Antonella , Lacalandra Giovanni Michele , Tomaiuolo Michele , Marchesani Giuliana , Chiaravalle Eugenio Antonio , Klinger Francesca Gioia , Marcozzi Serena , Fabbri Raffaella , Dell’Aquila Maria Elena
Published: June 2021

Diagnostic imaging has significantly grown over the last thirty years as indispensable support for diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic and monitoring procedures of human diseases. This study explored the effects of low-dose X-ray medical diagnostics exposure on female fertility. To aim this, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered from the ovaries of juvenile sheep and human ovaries were used as complementary models for in vitro studies. In the sheep model, the effects of low-dose X-rays on oocyte viability and developmental competence were evaluated. In human ovaries originated from two age group (21–25 and 33–36 years old) subjects with gender dysphoria, X-rays effects on tissue morphology, follicular density and expression of apoptosis-related (NOXA, PUMA, Bcl2, Bak, γH2AX) and cell cycle-related genes (p21 and ki67) were investigated. It was noted that in sheep, the minimum dose of 10 mGy did not influence most of examined parameters at oocyte and embryo levels, whereas 50 and 100 mGy X-ray exposure reduced oocyte bioenergetic/oxidative activity but without any visible effects on oocyte and embryo development. In addition, blastocyst bioenergetic/oxidative status was reduced with all used doses. Overall data on human ovaries showed that low-dose X-rays, similarly as in sheep, did not alter any of examined parameters. However, in women belonging to the 33–36 year group, significantly reduced follicular density was observed after exposure to 50 and 100 mGy, and increased NOXA and Bax expression after exposure at 50 mGy. In conclusion, used low-doses of X-ray exposure, which resemble doses used in medical diagnostics, produce weak damaging effects on female fertility with increased susceptibility in advanced age.
A gross margin analysis for Nguni cattle farmers in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Nkadimeng Mapule Valencia , Makombe Godswill , Mapiye Obvious , Mapiye Cletos , Oluwatayo Isaac , Dzama Kennedy , Mojapelo Cedric , Mollel Naftali , Ngambi Jones , Mautjana Madimetja Human
Published: June 2021

Factors such as increases in population, urbanization, growth in per capita income and changes in consumer taste and preferences are causing gradual increases in livestock product consumption and demand. South Africa is addressing this predicted increase in livestock products demand by commercializing smallholder livestock producers. The Limpopo Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) Nguni Cattle Development Project is an example of such effort. The economic performance of these efforts needs to be evaluated. We use gross margin analysis to evaluate the performance of the Limpopo IDC Nguni Cattle Development Project. Additionally, we use regression analysis to identify factors influencing gross margins. Our results indicate that although smallholders show potential to commercialize, they lack commercial farming experience and require that a strong extension support system be used as one of the strategies to improve profitability. We also noted that individual farmers were more profitable than group farmers. Multiple regression analysis shows that three variables could be used to stimulate gross margin among the Limpopo IDC Nguni Cattle Development Project farmers. These are herd size, distance to market and farm size. Since farm size is a given, policy should focus on assisting farmers to build their herds and to have better access to markets.