bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrosion resistance of EPD nanohydroxyapatite coated 316L stainless steel
Authors: Assadian M. , Jafari H. , Ghaffari Shahri S. M. , Idris M. H. , Gholampour B.
Published: July 2014

The effect of nanohydroxyapatite (HA) coating on corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel was investigated. The stainless steel samples were pretreated in different volume concentrations of H2SO4 solution and were electrophoretically coated for various coating time spans and voltages. The coated samples were sintered in a vacuum furnace at different temperatures to modify the coating structure. The quality and morphology of the pretreated samples and the coating were microscopically characterised, and the compounds presented in the coatings were determined. The electrochemical corrosion test was performed in simulated body fluid to evaluate the coating impact on corrosion behaviour of the samples. The results showed that the deposition of nano-HA using moderate voltage and appropriate time span provides a smooth and almost cracked free coating, improving the corrosion resistance of the samples. Increasing the temperature of sintering modified the HA structure, resulting in the formation of denser coating and enhanced corrosion resistance of the samples.
Wear and high temperature oxidation behaviour of wire arc sprayed iron based coatings
Authors: Li R. , He D. Y. , Zhou Z. , Wang Z. J. , Song X. Y.
Published: July 2014

In the present work, FeCrB(CSi) cored wires (C17, C21 and C25) were designed and deposited as coatings by wire arc spraying. The microstructure, microhardness, wear and high temperature corrosion behaviour of the new coatings were investigated in comparison with a commercial Fe–Cr–Al coating. The FeCrB(CSi) coatings presented lamellar microstructures with some pores and microcracks and a few oxide inclusions. The microhardness of the coatings is much harder than those of the substrate and the commercial Fe–Cr–Al coating. The wear resistance of the coatings is much better than that of the uncoated substrate. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the high temperature oxidation behaviour of the coatings at a temperature of 650°C under cyclic oxidation conditions. The results show that the high temperature oxidation resistance of the C17 coating was not as good as the Fe–Cr–Al coating, while the C21 and C25 coatings exhibited better oxidation resistance than the FeCrAl coating.
Impacts of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation on cigarette smoke-induced exacerbated response to bacteria
Authors: Morissette Mathieu C. , Shen Pamela , Thayaparan Danya , Stämpfli Martin R.
Published: July 2014

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by a state of chronic pulmonary inflammation punctuated by microbial exacerbations. Despite advances in treatment options, COPD remains difficult to manage. In this study, we investigated the potential of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ activation as a new therapy against cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and its associated bacterial exacerbation.

C57BL/6 mice were exposed to room air or cigarette smoke for either 4 days or 4 weeks and treated either prophylactically or therapeutically with rosiglitazone. The impact of rosiglitazone on cigarette smoke-induced exacerbated response to the bacterial pathogen nontypeableHaemophilus influenzae(NTHi) was studied using the therapeutic treatment protocol.

We found that rosiglitazone was able to reduce cigarette smoke-induced neutrophilia both when administered prophylactically or therapeutically. Therapeutic intervention with rosiglitazone was also effective in preventing cigarette smoke-induced neutrophilia exacerbation following NTHi infection. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects of rosiglitazone did not lead to an increase in the pulmonary bacterial burden, unlike dexamethasone.

Altogether, our data suggest that pharmacological activation of PPARγ may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve COPD management, as it is able to reduce cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and decrease the magnitude of bacterial exacerbations, without compromising the ability of the immune system to control the infection.
The role of the Hippo pathway in human disease and tumorigenesis
Authors: Barron Daniel A , Kagey Jacob D
Published: July 2014

Understanding the molecular nature of human cancer is essential to the development of effective and personalized therapies. Several different molecular signal transduction pathways drive tumorigenesis when deregulated and respond to different types of therapeutic interventions. The Hippo signaling pathway has been demonstrated to play a central role in the regulation of tissue and organ size during development. The deregulation of Hippo signaling leads to a concurrent combination of uncontrolled cellular proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis, two key hallmarks in cancer development. The molecular nature of this pathway was first uncovered in Drosophila melanogaster through genetic screens to identify regulators of cell growth and cell division. The pathway is strongly conserved in humans, rendering Drosophila a suitable and efficient model system to better understand the molecular nature of this pathway. In the present study, we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanism and clinical impact of the Hippo pathway. Current studies have demonstrated that a variety of deregulated molecules can alter Hippo signaling, leading to the constitutive activation of the transcriptional activator YAP or its paralog TAZ. Additionally, the Hippo pathway integrates inputs from a number of growth signaling pathways, positioning the Hippo pathway in a central role in the regulation of tissue size. Importantly, deregulated Hippo signaling is frequently observed in human cancers. YAP is commonly activated in a number of in vitro and in vivo models of tumorigenesis, as well as a number of human cancers. The common activation of YAP in many different tumor types provides an attractive target for potential therapeutic intervention.
Relationship between acid–base status and inflammation in the critically ill
Authors: Zampieri Fernando G , Kellum John A , Park Marcelo , Ranzani Otavio T , Barbeiro Hermes V , de Souza Heraldo P , da Cruz Neto Luiz Monteiro , Pinheiro da Silva Fabiano
Published: July 2014

Introduction

There is a complex interplay between changes in acid–base components and inflammation. This manuscript aims to explore associations between plasma cytokines and chemokines and acid–base status on admission to intensive care.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study in a 13-bed ICU in a tertiary-care center in Brazil. 87 unselected patients admitted to the ICU during a 2-year period were included. We measured multiple inflammatory mediators in plasma using multiplex assays and evaluated the association between mediator concentrations and acid–base variables using a variety of statistical modeling approaches, including generalized linear models, multiadaptive regression splines and principal component analysis.

Results

We found a positive association between strong ion gap (SIG) and plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)6, 8, 10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); whereas albumin was negatively associated with IL6, IL7, IL8, IL10, TNF and interferon (IFN)α. Apparent strong ion difference (SIDa) was negatively associated with IL10 and IL17. A principal component analysis including SAPS 3 indicated that the association between acid–base components and inflammatory status was largely independent of illness severity, with both increased SIG and decreased SIDa (both drivers of acidosis) associated with increased inflammation.

Conclusion

Acid–base variables (especially increased SIG, decreased albumin and decreased SIDa) on admission to ICU are associated with immunological activation. These findings should encourage new research into the effects of acid–base status on inflammation.
Aberrant host defense againstLeishmania majorin the absence of SLPI
Authors: McCartney-Francis Nancy , Jin Wenwen , Belkaid Yasmine , McGrady George , Wahl Sharon M
Published: July 2014

SLPI, a potent epithelial and myeloid-derived serine protease inhibitor with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory functions, is induced by the intracellular parasite Leishmania major, and increased SLPI expression is evident within lesions that follow L. major infection. In contrast to self-resolving infection in C57Bl/6 WT mice, Slpi−/− mice launch a strong Th1 response to L. major, yet fail to control infection and develop destructive, nonhealing lesions with systemic spread of parasites. Because SLPI is both produced by murine macrophages and antagonizes their function, we examined the contribution of macrophage polarization to the defective host response in the absence of SLPI. Slpi−/− and Slpi+/+ macrophages were first primed with either IFNγ or IL-4 to generate classically activated M1 or alternatively activated M2 macrophages. After infection with L. major, Slpi−/− M1 macrophages expressed elevated iNOS RNA, whereas arginase was more highly expressed in WT than Slpi−/− M2 macrophages. After in vivo infection, we found that both IFNγ and iNOS were persistently overexpressed in chronic lesions in Slpi−/− mice, but surprisingly, IL-4 and arginase concomitantly remained elevated. Moreover, overexpression of the negative regulators SOCS1 and IL-27 provided insight into the failure of IFNγ to clear L. major from the dermal lesions. Notably, adenoviral delivery of SLPI to L. major-infected Slpi−/− mice significantly limited the progression of infection. These studies suggest that convergence of M1 and M2 macrophage responses may influence the outcome of innate host defense against intracellular parasites and that SLPI is critical for coordinating resistance to chronic leishmaniasis.
Review of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes Systems Used in Cancer Clinical Care
Authors: Jensen Roxanne E. , Snyder Claire F. , Abernethy Amy P. , Basch Ethan , Potosky Arnold L. , Roberts Aaron C. , Loeffler Deena R. , Reeve Bryce B.
Published: July 2014

The number of electronic patient-reported outcome (PRO) systems has increased; systems can be programmed to have numerous features that facilitate PRO assessment integration and routine monitoring in clinical care.
Oral Chemotherapy Food and Drug Interactions: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Segal Eve M. , Flood Megan R. , Mancini Robert S. , Whiteman Robert T. , Friedt Gregory A. , Kramer Adam R. , Hofstetter Mark A.
Published: July 2014

Oral chemotherapies are associated with medication and food interactions. It is essential that health care providers evaluate patients' concurrent medications to provide accurate patient education, therapeutic monitoring, and alternative recommendations whenever oral chemotherapy is prescribed.
Increasing Use of Advanced Radiation Therapy Technologies in the Last 30 Days of Life Among Patients Dying As a Result of Cancer in the United States
Authors: Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh , Liao Kai-Ping , Giordano Sharon H. , Elting Linda S. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Shih Ya-Chen Tina
Published: July 2014

Among patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) in the last month of life, there was a shift away from the simplest technique toward more advanced RT technologies.
Catalytic Activity of Magnetite with Different Shapes for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Yao Jialiang
Published: July 2014

The catalytic activity of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanosheets, particles, and rods for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated. The TG-DTA results showed that Fe3O4 with different shapes exhibited different catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of Fe3O4 occurred mainly during the high-temperature decomposition process of AP. The Fe3O4 nanosheets with exposed high-energy {110} facets showed better catalytic activity than that of particles and rods with {111} facets. The catalytic mechanism for the thermal decomposition of AP was discussed.
Human DDX6 effects miRNA-mediated gene silencing via direct binding to CNOT1
Authors: Rouya Christopher , Siddiqui Nadeem , Morita Masahiro , Duchaine Thomas F. , Fabian Marc R. , Sonenberg Nahum
Published: July 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in a variety of biological processes through widespread effects on protein synthesis. Upon association with the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC), miRNAs repress target mRNA translation and accelerate mRNA decay. Degradation of the mRNA is initiated by shortening of the poly(A) tail by the CCR4–NOT deadenylase complex followed by the removal of the 5′ cap structure and exonucleolytic decay of the mRNA. Here, we report a direct interaction between the large scaffolding subunit of CCR4–NOT, CNOT1, with the translational repressor and decapping activator protein, DDX6. DDX6 binds to a conserved CNOT1 subdomain in a manner resembling the interaction of the translation initiation factor eIF4A with eIF4G. Importantly, mutations that disrupt the DDX6–CNOT1 interaction impair miRISC-mediated gene silencing in human cells. Thus, CNOT1 facilitates recruitment of DDX6 to miRNA-targeted mRNAs, placing DDX6 as a downstream effector in the miRNA silencing pathway.
The order between productivity and non-productivity – are Livonian frequentative verbs derivatives or lexicalised?
Authors: Jantunen Santra
Published: July 2014

This paper takes a look at productive part of derivation of verbs in Finnic languages, frequentative verbs that have an l-derivational suffix in Livonian and how they occur and are constructed. The research is based on data of 15 different l-suffix verbs. The paper investigates how formally frequentative verbs are constructed in Livonian and if they are frequentative in their meaning. An essential criterion to interpret a verb as a derivative is that it has a derivational base, typically an underived word stem, and the paper attempts to find out if Livonian l-suffix verbs have one. Additionally, the paper aims to study if frequentative derivation is still productive in Livonian and to what degree frequentative l-derivatives have been lexicalised. Also other Finnic languages are taken into consideration when examining the derivational base and distribution for Livonian l-suffix verbs.Kokkuvõte. Santra Jantunen: Piir produktiivsuse ja mitteproduktiivsuse vahel – kas liivi keele frekventatiivverbid on derivatiivsed või leksikaliseerunud? Artikkel vaatleb läänemeresoome keeltes produktiivset verbituletuse osa, frekventatiivseid l-tuletisi liivi keeles, kuidas nad esinevad ja on moodustatud. Uurimus põhineb andmetel 15 l-liitega verbi kohta. Artiklis jälgitakse, kuidas vormiliselt frekventatiivsed verbid on liivi keeles moodustatud ning kas need on frekventatiivid ka tähenduse poolest. Oluliseks kriteeriumiks verbi määratlemisel tuletisena on selle tuletusaluse olemasolu; artiklis püütakse selgitada, kas liivi l-liitelistel verbidel on alustüvi. Lisaks on artikli eesmärgiks uurida, kas frekventatiivide tuletamine on veel produktiivne liivi keeles ja millisel määral on frekventatiivsed l-tuletised leksikaliseerunud. Samuti on arvesse võetud teisi läänemeresoome keeli, uurides liivi l-tuletisega verbide tuletusaluseid ja levikut.Märksõnad: liivi keel, läänemeresoome keeled, verbituletus, frekventatiivid, produktiivsus, leksikaliseerumineKubbõvõttõks. Santra Jantunen: Produktīvit ja äbproduktīvit vaili rubīž: või līvõ kīel frekventatīvtīemizsõnād ātõ derivatīvizt agā sõnāviļļõ lǟnõd? Kēra tuņšlõb mūši vāldamiersūomõ kēļši produktīvizt tīemizsõnātultõks jaggõ, īžkiz frekventatīvidi l-tultõkši līvõ kīelsõ, nänt jeddõtulmizt kui ne ātõ vīţõd. Tuņšlõks alīzõks ātõ tietõd iļ 15 l-tīedõksõks tīemizsõnā. Kēras vaņţlõb, kui frekventatīvõd tīemizsõnād formõd ātõ līvõ kīels vīţõd ja või ne ātõ frekventatīvõd ka tǟntõks pūolst. Tīemizsõnā vizāks tīemizõks um tǟdzi täm tultõks alīz vȯlmi; kēra kōļõb klīerõ või līvõ ltultõksõks tīemizsõnādõn um alīztõv. Vel sōb tuņšlõd kēras se, või frekventatīvõd tultimi um līvõ kīels vel produktīv ja kui ātõ frekventatīvõd tultõkst sõnāviļļõ lǟnõd. Nei īž um vaņţõltõd mūḑi vāldamiersuomõ kēļi, tuņšlõs līvõ l-tīedõksõks tīemizsõnād tīedõksalīži ja laigtõkst pands tǟdõl mūḑi vāldamiersūomõ kēļi.
Change-of-state predicates and their use for expressing the future: the case of Livonian
Authors: Norvik Miina
Published: July 2014

The present article considers change-of-state predicates in Livonian and their possible development into future copulas. The focus is on the verbs īedõ ‘remain, stay; become’, sǭdõ ‘get; become’, and līdõ (synchronically a future copula), but also the verbs tūlda ‘come’ and lǟdõ ‘go’ are included for comparative purposes. The results show that all five verbs can be used for expressing change of state, but it depends on the particular verb and underlying construction, whether conveying the sense ‘become’ is a central or only a marginal function. This study shows that Courland Livonian fits well to the general picture of Northern Europe where the present tense form of a verb with meaning ‘become’ can be used for marking the future time reference, and at least one verb – līdõ – also appears as a future copula.Kokkuvõte. Miina Norvik: Muutust väljendavad predikaadid liivi keeles ning nende kasutamine tuleviku väljendamisel. Siinne artikkel analüüsib muutust märkivaid verbe liivi keeles ning nende võimalikku arengut tulevikukoopulaks. Põhirõhk on verbidel līdõ (sünkrooniliselt tulevikukoopula), sǭdõ ‘saada’ ja īedõ ‘jääda, saada’, kuid võrdluseks on vaadeldud ka verbe tūlda ‘tulla’ ja lǟdõ ‘minna’. Artiklis näidatakse, et kuigi kõik need viis verbi võivad esineda muutust väljendavana, on verbiti ja ühtlasi konstruktsiooniti erinev, kas muutuse väljendamine on esmane või üksnes marginaalne funktsioon. Uurimusest selgub, et kõige rahvapärasem ning üldisema tähendusega muutusverb liivi keeles on īedõ ‘jääda, saada’, mis siseneb translatiivsesse muutuskonstruktsiooni. Teine sage muutusverb on sǭdõ ‘saada’, kuid selle kasutamises võib vähemalt osaliselt tunda kontaktkeelte mõju, näiteks eelistatakse verbi sǭdõ ‘saada’ tarvitada muutuse väljendamiseks usulistes tekstides. Edasist arengut tulevikoopulaks näitab siiski vaid līdõ, mis ennekõike väljendab tulevikus olemist, kuigi tagaplaanil on sageli tunda ka muutuse tähendust ning ajaline tähenduselement põimub üldjuhul modaalse tähenduselemendiga.Märksõnad: seisundimuutus, koopulad, tuleviku väljendamine, Kuramaa liivi keelKubbõvõttõks. Miina Norvik: Mȭitõksvärbõd līvõ kīelsõ ja nänt kȭlbatõmi tulbiz āiga ulzkītõmiz pierāst. Se kēra tuņšlõb mȭitõksvärbidi līvõ kīelsõ ja nänt tultõkst tulbiz āiga kopulaks. Pǟažālistõz um vaņţõltõd värbidi līdõ, sǭdõ ja īedõ. Nēḑi um tazāntõd värbõdõks tūlda ja lǟdõ. Amād vīž värbõ võibõd ulzkītõ mȭitõkst. Vȱldantõs värbstõ ja konstruktsijst, või se um pǟtǟtõks agā set kūorali tǟntõks. Tuņšlõks nägțõb, ku amā rovvīți mȭitõksvärb um īedõ, mis sōb kȭlbatõd konstruktsijs translatīvõks. Tuoi sagdi mȭitõksvärb um sǭdõ, bet se um lieudtõb emmit vaimližis tekstis. Võib vȱlda, ku se um kontaktkīeld mȯj. Kazāndõkst mȭitõks > tulbiz āiga kopula nägțõb set līdõ. Se kītõb pakāndim vȯlmizt, bet vel võib se kītõ mȭitõkst ja modālizt tǟntõkst.
The Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary as a threshold to the era of language technological applications
Authors: Rueter Jack
Published: July 2014

This article outlines the multiple use of electronic source materials from the Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary of 2012 in a “Kone Foundation” funded project for developing finite-state morphological parsers. It provides an introduction to the project, the language-independent Giellatekno infrastructure at Tromsø, Norway, and the materials utilized in the electronic manuscript of the dictionary. The introduction is followed by an extensive description of what has been developed on the Giellatekno infrastructure with explicit indications of where parallel projects might be initiated.Kokkuvõte. Jack Rueter: Liivi-eesti-läti sõnaraamat lävepakuna keeletehnoloogiliste rakenduste ajastusse. Artikkel annab ülevaate elektroonilise lähtematerjali “Liivi-eesti-läti sõnaraamat 2012” mitmekülgsest kasutamisest Kone fondi rahastatud projektis morfoloogiliste analüsaatorite arendamiseks. Artikli sissejuhatav osa esitab sissevaate projekti ning Tromsøs loodud keelest sõltumatusse Giellatekno taristusse; tutvustatakse ka sõnastiku elektroonilises käsikirjas kasutatud materjale. Seejärel kirjeldatakse Giellatekno tarkvara arendusega loodud võimalusi ning tuuakse näiteid sellest, kuidas saab sarnaseid projekte algatada.Märksõnad: liivi keel, uurali keeled, Kone keeleprogramm, avatud lähtekood, keelest sõltumatu infrastruktuur, HFST, Giellatekno, morfoloogiline analüsaator, õigekirjakontroll, “Morphology-savvy” veebisõnastik, arvutipõhine keeleõpeKubbõvõttõks. Jack Rueter: Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārǭntõz nemē kīeltehnolōgilizt kȭlbatimizt āiga kīndõks. Kēra āndab iļļõvaņtļimiz iļ “Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārǭntõ” amāpūoļiz kȭlbatõmiz, laz kazāntõg loptõb morfolōgiliži analīzijidi. Sīe projektrǭ āndaji um Kone fond. Kēra klīerõb īžpīlijizt Giellatekno infrastruktūrõ, mis um lūodõd Tromsøs Norvēgjis, ja sõnārǭntõ elektrōnilizõs kädkēras kȭlbatõd materiālidi. Nei īž kēra nīžõb iļ võimizt, mis tarmõb Giellatekno lūodõd programvīļa ja nägțõb, kui tämvītliži projektidi võib irgtõ.
REVISITED STRESS EVALUATION IN CONTACT ZONE UNDER CUTTING
Authors: Ryzhkin Anatoly Andreyevich , Vistoropskaya Flora Alexandrovna , Zurek Jan
Published: July 2014

When evaluating a thermal state of the cutting zone, there is a need to define the thermal flow capacity on the tool contact areas which are determined by the tension magnitude. A review of the native and foreign research on the tension evaluation under cutting with account for the mechanical behaviour of the process materials, as well as the temperature, strain degree and rate is offered. Specialists in noncutting shaping have obtained experimental dependences that could be also used in machining — when the strain degree and rate can be calculated by the cutting theory formulae. The tension in the shear area can be determined indirectly — using the energy balance equation for the cutting process based on the experimental data on the cutting force components and corresponding speeds. As for the heat calculations, at first, analytic dependences defined on the base of the energy balance equation under cutting are recommended for the shear stress evaluation. Secondly, the dependences including relative shift value for the stress analysis should be used.
AQUA AMMONIA ELECTROLYTIC CHARACTER AND TPP COOLANT CONDUCTOMETRIC QUALITY CONTROL UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES
Authors: Shcherbakov Vladimir Nikolayevich , Vlaskov Grigory Andreyevich
Published: July 2014

To improve the operational conductometric steam quality control at the TPP, CHPP, and NPP, the technique for NaCl and NH4OH concentration in the saturated and superheated steam of the high- and supercritical pressure steam generators is developed, and a device for its implementation is offered. The error of determination in the range of the concentrations specific for the operated power plants is estimated. The equations describing the behavior of the thermodynamic dissociation constant, and limiting equivalent conductance of NH4OH in a wide range of state parameters that can be used in calculating the concentrations according to the proposed technique, as well as in water chemistry organization and management, are proposed. The assessment of the approximation error of dependences for the experimental data on the dissociation constants and limiting equivalent conductance is given.
CALCULATION SPECIFICATION OF ACOUSTIC SCREENS LOCATED IN PRODUCTION AREA
Authors: Bondarenko Veronika Alexandrovna , Boguslavskiy Igor Vladimirovich , Podust Sergey Sergeyevich
Published: July 2014

Acoustic screens are one of the means to provide sound insulation and noise reduction on its path fr om the source to the target point (TP, the workplace). The advantages of the acoustic screens are constru c tive simplicity, light weight, and relat ively low cost. A distin c tive feature of an acoustic screen as a sound insulation system is that the area of maximum attenuation is located in close proximity to the screen. The efficiency effect of th e screens is d etermined by the following factors: - a sm all size of the noise source; - the conversion of high - frequency components of the source noise spectrum; - the location of the work area outside the technological machine; - a short distance from the noise source to the operator's station. All that fully applies to the equipment for various applications, in particular, for the metal and woodworking machinery (lathe, milling, grinding), gear - boxes, and engines on the running sites. The existing d e tailed screen calculations are designed for screen installati on. At free atmosphere, the formation of the acoustic field under the screen insta llation inside the production areas differs essentially due to the multiple reflections of sound waves. The studies on the acoustic performance of screens inside the produ c ti on are resulted in the paper.
THEORY ELEMENTS OF ZERO NEGATIVE-FEEDBACK IN ADAPTIVE FRICTION CLUTCHES
Authors: Shishkarev Mikhail Pavlovich , Kobzev Kirill Olegovich
Published: July 2014

A supplementary friction group in the clutch design increases its load capacity. It is a decided adv antage of adaptive friction clutches of the second generation with combine d feedback. The feedback gain changes depending on the friction coefficient value. The problem of establishing such patterns, and the synthesis of the comm and unit el eme n tary diagram with its parametrization based on this concept, is solved in the paper. T he identified regularity allows stating the following. Under zero thrust force and minimum friction coefficient value, changi ng the gain level does not exceed its limit value. It provides an automatic control with a theoretical “ideal” load ch aracteristic of the clutch. A curve geometric form outlining the side wall of the rolling body socket of the command uni t, and providing an automatic control in the adaptive friction clutch, is found. In this case, the goal is to obtain a theoretically “ ideal ” load cha racteristic of the coupling.
Condition of 137 CS in soils of radioactively contaminated protective forests of Bryansk region
Authors: Маркина  , Markina Zoya , Шошин  , Shoshin Vladimir , Вечеров  , Vecherov V.
Published: July 2014

This paper studies the influence of protective forests on the redistribution of cesium-137 in horizontal and vertical directions. Trial plots are laid in accordance with generally accepted research methods in forest biocenosis and recommendations for the management of radiation monitoring. The methodology is a regular landscape profile stratified sampling of soils. Determination of cesium-137 was performed in stationary conditions on gamma-spectrometric complex "Progress". It is shown that the highest specific activity of radionuclide is observed in protective plantations regardless of tree species.
Modifying the composition of wood during hydrothermal treatment
Authors: Снегирева  , Snegireva Svetlana , Курьянова  , Kuryanova Tatyana , Платонов  , Platonov Aleksey , Михайлова  , Mikhaylova Yu.
Published: July 2014

Wood is a product of plant origin having complex element and component composition. Under the influence of temperature in the presence of moisture lignocarbohydrate complex decomposes and extraction of water soluble substances takes place. Aqueous distillate contains a large number of different chemicals, the most dangerous of which are furfural and formaldehyde. The intensity of the process of extraction in the wood depends on the temperature. The formation of these substances is observed even at low temperatures around 60-70 º C and long duration of exposure, which is characteristic of conditions during chamber wood drying.
Problems of formation of management accounting in the modern enterprise
Authors: Пархоменко  , Parkhomenko L. , Наумова  , Naumova N.
Published: July 2014

To improve the efficiency of enterprise management it is necessary to introduce a system of management accounting. For any enterprise, which is faced with the need to economy, one-circle system that is based on the principles of integration of financial and managerial accounting is certainly preferable. For the introduction of management accounting it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to develop a methodology of management accounting; select software and hardware of automation; develop organizational procedures for collecting, processing and data integration in the accounting and management accounting.
Synergy or Interference: The Effect of Product Placement on Commercial Break Audience Decline
Authors: Schweidel David A. , Foutz Natasha Zhang , Tanner Robin J.
Published: July 2014

Recent years have seen a considerable rise in the use of product placement in television shows. Taking advantage of second-by-second product placement, advertising, and audience tuning data, this research explores the impact of such product placement on the extent to which viewers tune away from downstream advertisements. Motivated by the behavioral priming literature, we examine how this impact relates to the brand- and category-match between product placement and subsequent advertising, as well as the temporal distance between them. Our analysis suggests that the coveted first position of a commercial break holds a greater audience when preceded by product placement from the same brand. This indicates a positive synergy between the two activities that can reduce audience decline by more than 10%. Product placements by other brands, however, can actually exacerbate audience loss, thus interfering with the reach of advertisements by competitors. Significantly, these changes in audience size are not temporary, but are retained across the remaining commercials in the same break. We discuss the managerial implications of these findings and directions for future research in the rapidly changing media landscape.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx/doi.org/10.1287.mksc.2014.0864 .
Timing of Product Allocation: Using Probabilistic Selling to Enhance Inventory Management
Authors: Fay Scott , Xie Jinhong
Published: July 2014

This paper examines probabilistic selling (PS) as an inventory-management mechanism, paying special attention to the impact of the timing of product assignment to buyers of probabilistic goods. In practice, sellers tend to offer probabilistic products only after major demand uncertainty has been resolved. By deferring product assignments, a firm is able to obtain more information about demand for each specific product before deciding which product to assign to consumers. However, our analysis demonstrates that PS can be an effective inventory-management mechanism even if the firm allocates products before knowing which product will be more popular and, thus, scarcer. Interestingly, we show that it can be more profitable for the firm to allocate products to consumers before, rather than after, learning the true demand for a product because, although early allocation imposes higher inventory costs (as a result of larger required inventory levels), it also enables the firm to charge higher prices. Our results also reveal that, when introducing probabilistic goods, the firm should order less inventory (relative to the case where probabilistic goods are not offered) if costs are very low but more inventory otherwise. Finally, we show that PS, as an inventory-management mechanism, can create a win–win situation, both improving profit and increasing social welfare.

This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
The Effect of Crop Residue Application to Soil Fauna Community and Mungbean Growth (Vigna radata)
Authors: SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
Published: July 2014

Litterbag experiment was carried out to determine the effect of crop residue application to soil fauna community andmungbean growth. The experiment arranged in randomized complete design with triplicate. The four treatment application of crotalarian, rice straw and bananaâ€™s aerial stem residues as well as without residue application as control. Soil fauna community and mungbean growth measured at 8 weeks after mungbean sown. Soil fauna extracted by modified Barless-Tullgren extractor apparatus. Height and dry weight of mungbean measured as crop growth parameters. The results indicated that the soil fauna densities and diversities as well as the growth of mungbean tended to increase by the application of crop residues. The effect of the treatment decreasing in thefollowing order: bananaâ€™s aerial stem residue > crotalarian residue > rice straw > without residue application. Therewere high correlation between mungbean growth and soil fauna diversities.Â© 2001 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Key words: crop residue, soil fauna, mungbean.
Plankton Biodiversity at Jabung Swamp, Lamongan and Tuban Districts
Authors: ASTIRIN OKID PARAMA , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2014

Plankton, an aquatic biota, often used as an indicator of water quality. The objectives of the research were to know: (1) diversity of both phyto- and zooplankton at Jabung swamp, East Java; (2) water quality at the swamp, and (3) diversity of fish that act as primary consumer of the plankton. Field sampling procedures were done at the swamp, followed with identification and data analysis at laboratory. Sampling locations were at the inlet, pools in the swamp and at the outlet. Sample were taken triplicate at each location between September and November, 1999 using a plankton net, while fish data were collected by interview and direct observation at the field. Thirty-one species of plankton were found in this research consisting of 17 species of phytoplankton and 14 species of zooplankton. The results of the plankton analysis indicate that Jabung swamp categorizes as moderately polluted at the inlet, polluted free at the pools inside the swamp, and lightly polluted at the outlet. There were 15 fish species found at the swamp both of cultivated and non-cultivated fish.Â© 2000 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: biodiversity, plankton, Jabung swamp, water pollution
Scaling the output power of a diode end pumped Nd:YAG slab laser with a hybrid resonator
Authors: Schmidt G. , Schnitzler C. , Giesekus J. , Wester R. , Du K.-M. , Loosen P. , Poprawe R.
Published: July 2014

This report deals with a Nd:YAG slab laser that is partially end pumped by a diode laser stack with 14 diode lasers. The pumped volume has a rectangular cross section. A hybrid resonator, which is stable in the plane of small dimension and unstable in the plane of large dimension of the gain cross section, is used to yield highly efficient laser operation at high beam quality. In this report we will describe the modelling of the laser and the experiments concerning the scaling of the output power. A cw- output power of 190 W was obtained with a beam propagation factor M2 ≤ 7.
All-solid-state optical pulse shaper for the OMEGA laser fusion facility
Authors: Okishev A. V. , Skeldon M. D. , Keck R. L. , Seka W.
Published: July 2014

An integral part of the contemporary high-power laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research is a flexible pulse-shaping system that is able to produce a laser pulse temporal profile specified in advance and controlled to a high degree of accuracy.
Large mode area fiber lasers and their applications
Authors: Richardson DJ , Offerhaus HL , Broderick NGR
Published: July 2014

The area of fiber lasers has undergone rapid developments in recent years. Gone are the days when fiber lasers were seen as something of an irrelevant curiosity, offering interesting performance features, but always with power levels or other performance limitations, that made them unsuitable for all but a few applications.
Cladding-pumped Yb:YAG planar waveguide laser
Authors: Griebner U. , Huschke J. , Grunwald R. , Schoennagel H. , Erbert G.
Published: July 2014

Rare-earth-doped diffusion bonded planar crystal waveguides have the potential to yield efficient, diode-pumped lasers and amplifiers. For the optimization of diode-pumped waveguides, stable, compact and mode-selective resonator- and gain structures are essential. For this purpose, we used a new modified cladding pump scheme for planar waveguides.
Thermal lensing measurements in an intracavity LiIO3 Raman laser
Authors: Revermann M. , Pask H. M. , Blows Justin L. , Omatsu T.
Published: July 2014

We present measurements of thermal lensing in a crystalline Raman laser, with negative focal lengths as short as 24cm measured for a Raman power ~1W.
Reentrant Two-Mirror Laser Ring Cavity for the Generation of Single Frequency Green Laser
Authors: Huang Sheng-Lung , Cheng Huy-Zu , Huang Pi-Ling
Published: July 2014

A non-planar and reentrant two-mirror ring cavity is proposed. It is compact and astigmatism free. With unidirectional control, single frequency green laser is demonstrated.
Intracavity KTP OPO within a thermal bifocussing and birefringence compensated Nd:YAG laser cavity
Authors: Wu R. F. , Phua P. B. , Lai K. S.
Published: July 2014

We have obtained 6.5W of 2µm from an intracavity KTP OPO pumped by a Nd:YAG laser with thermal bifocussing/birefringence compensation using a 45° Faraday rotator with re-entrant mirrors.
Improvement of laser damage durability of CLBO surface for high-repetition-rate UV laser
Authors: Kamimura T. , Nakai K. , Murase K. , Yoshimura M. , Mori Y. , Sasaki T. , Yoshida K.
Published: July 2014

We investigate the laser damage durability of CsLiB6O10(CLBO) surface for 266-nm beams. In high-power UV generation, an as-polished CLBO surface was damaged due to absorption of the polishing compound embedded inside the crystal surface. In the as-polished surface of CLBO, polishing compound ZrO2 (absorption edge is about 300 nm) was detected to a depth of 60 nm. We have removed polishing compound with ion beam etching without degrading the surface quality. Etched CLBO surface exhibits an improvement of the lifetime more than 4 times longer than that of as- polished surface.
High-power optical parametric oscillator with large-aperture periodically poled KTiOPO4
Authors: Hellström J. , Pasiskevicius V. , Karlsson H. , Tellefsen J. A. , Laurell F.
Published: July 2014

Electric field poling has been employed to fabricate 3 mm -thick periodically poled KTi0P04 crystal for a high-power optical parametric oscillator. The maximum output power of the single-resonant optical parametric oscillator reached 12.5 mJ with 45% efficiency when pumped with a 2.2 mm diameter beam from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The influence of the cavity design on the spectral and spatial qualities of the output parametric radiation is also discussed.
Optimization of Room-Temperature Continuous-Wave Cr4+: Y AG Lasers: Experiment and Modeling
Authors: Sennaroglu Alpban , Konca A. Ozgun
Published: July 2014

Experimental and numerical methods were employed to investigate the influence of thermal effects in room-temperature continuous-wave Cr4+:YAG lasers. Pump saturation, laser threshold, and laser efficiency data were first analyzed by accounting for the temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime, pump-induced heating in the gain medium, excited-state absorption at the lasing wavelength, and saturation effects. Best-fit values of the absorption, emission, and excited-state absorption cross sections were determined to be 11.2×10−19 cm2, 0.47×10−19 cm2, and 0.093×10−19 cm2, respectively. Based on the best-fit cross-section values, numerical calculations show that the optimum crystal length and absorption coefficient are 2 cm and 0.56 cm−1, respectively.
Cross Relaxation in a Tm3+-Doped Low-Phonon Energy Laser Material
Authors: Ganem Joseph , Schmidt Paul , Bowman S. R.
Published: July 2014

Concentration-dependent cross relaxation is reported for thulium ions in the low-phonon energy host YCl3. Absorption, emission, and fluorescence lifetimes are reported.
Pulse shaping and compression using SHG with QPM gratings in the presence of the group velocity dispersion
Authors: Imeshev G. , Arbore M. A. , Kasriel S. , Fejer M. M.
Published: July 2014

We develop a theory which incorporates group velocity dispersion in the description of ultrafast SHG with QPM gratings and show how it can be accounted for in the design of the QPM grating shaper.
Nd:YAG thin disk laser
Authors: Johannsen I. , Erhard S. , Müllier D. , Stewen C. , Giesen A. , Contag K.
Published: July 2014

Results for the Nd: YAG thin disk laser are presented. An output power of 65 W is achieved with a two disk laser. Fundamental mode operation is possible at the expense of a reduced efficiency due to the strong and aspherical thermal lens. Using thinner crystals will overcome this problem and a first attempt to preserve the high efficiency is made by increasing the number of pump beam passes. Laser operation at 1.3 µm as well as Q-switch operation with one disk and two disk lasers is also demonstrated.
90-fs diode-pumped Yb:GdCOB laser
Authors: Courjaud A. , Hönninger C. , Salin F. , Druon F. , Balembois F. , Georges P. , Brun A. , Aron A. , Mougel F. , Aka G. , Vivien D.
Published: July 2014

We present a 90-fs passively mode-locked diode-pumped Yb:GdCOB laser producing 40 mW of average output power centered at 1046 nm.
Passively mode-locked diode-pumped surface-emitting semiconductor laser
Authors: Häring R. , Paschotta R. , Morier-Genoud F. , Keller U. , Garnache A. , Oesterle U. , Roberts J. S. , Hoogland S. , Dhanjal S. , Tropper A. C.
Published: July 2014

For the first time we passively mode-locked a vertical-extemal-cavity
surface- emitting laser using a semiconductor saturable absorber
mirror. We achieved 5-ps pulses with 15.3 mW average power or 12-ps
pulses with 40 mW.
Shooting Bollywood abroad: The outsourcing of Indian films in Italy
Authors: Cucco Marco , Scaglioni Massimo
Published: July 2014

Since the end of the 1990s, Indian producers have been outsourcing an increasing number of film productions to western countries (especially in Austria, Italy, Switzerland, Spain, in the United Kingdom and United States). The outsourcing is part of a corporatization process that is laying roots within the Indian film industry and pushing its producers to play an important role in the global media landscape. In light of these trends, the article investigates the reasons motivating Indian producers to move their film shoots abroad. It especially analyses the phenomenon of Indian films shot in Italy, and explains why Italy is currently so appealing for Indian producers. The article is based on some in-depth interviews conducted in India and Italy with some key-players of their respective film industries, and on a survey submitted to the Italian film commissions.
Responses When the Earth Trembles: The Impact of Community Awareness Campaigns on Protective Behavior
Authors: Okazaki Shintaro , Benavent-Climent Amadeo , Navarro Angeles , Henseler Jörg
Published: July 2014

This study takes a social marketing perspective to explore community disaster preparedness by considering (1) appropriate sources of information about disaster severity, (2) the ways that community members process information, and (3) how social marketing programs might improve people's ability to protect themselves against natural disasters. With a foundation in the persuasion knowledge model and a scenario-based approach, the authors apply a latent moderated structural equation model to data collected in southern Spain. Consumers first develop persuasion knowledge about a social marketing campaign by performing a threat appraisal and then engage in information seeking, which drives persuasion coping, before activating protective behavior. Systematic processing attenuates the effect of response barriers on persuasion coping but strengthens the subsequent effects of persuasion coping on protective behavior. Social marketers should encourage consumers to engage with community programs and help revise public policy to enhance communities' capacities to react to seismic disasters. This article also suggests implications related to the uses of social media and the adoption of the European Union's advanced seismic code.
Do university students change after taking a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development?
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ma Cecilia M.S.
Published: July 2014

The changes in university students after taking a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development (“Tomorrow’s Leaders” at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) are presented in this paper. Adopting a pre-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest design), 1029 students responded to a questionnaire assessing different aspects of development, including measures of positive youth development and life satisfaction. While students showed positive changes in self-determination, thriving and life satisfaction, their scores declined in some measures of positive youth development. The present findings are consistent with the previous findings that the subject is able to promote the holistic development of university students in Hong Kong, but it also generated some odd findings to be clarified in future studies.
Membrane Penetration in Granular Materials at High Pressures
Authors: Bopp Paul A. , Lade Poul V.
Published: July 2014

The Roscoe dummy-rod method was employed to determine the influence of membrane penetration over a large pressure range for Cambria sand. Specimens with three different initial relative densities were subjected to increasing isotropic confining pressures, up to a maximum stress of 60 MPa. A relationship between effective confining pressure and volume change due to membrane penetration was established. Results indicate that above a confining pressure of approximately 8 MPa, membrane penetration decreases with increasing confining pressure. This is believed to be a function of particle crushing. It was also found that over a large pressure range initial relative density influences the degree of membrane penetration.
Do Candidate Genes Mediating Conspecific Sperm Precedence Affect Sperm Competitive Ability Within Species? A Test Case in Drosophila
Authors: Civetta Alberto , Finn Scott
Published: July 2014

When females mate to multiple males, the last male to mate fathers the majority of progeny. When males of different species inseminate a female, the sperm of the male conspecific to the female is favored in fertilization in a process known as conspecific sperm precedence (CSP). A large number of studies in Drosophila have assayed the genetic basis of sperm competition, with a main focus on D. melanogaster and accessory gland protein genes. Only a few studies have attempted to disentangle the genetic basis of CSP between related species of Drosophila. Although there is no a priori reason to believe that genes influencing intraspecific sperm competitive ability might also mediate conspecific sperm precedence, no study has addressed the question. Here, we test a group of candidate CSP genes between D. simulans and D. mauritiana for their effect on sperm competition in D. melanogaster. The use of P-element insertion lines identified CG14891 gene disruption as the only one causing a significant decrease in second male paternity success relative to wild-type and ebony tester males. The gene disruption affected both sperm displacement and the sperm fertilizing ability. Out of five genes tested using RNA interference, only gene knockdown of CG6864 (Mst89B) significantly reduced the male’s ability to father progeny when second to mate. Our results suggest that CG14891 and CG6864 might have been co-opted from an intraspecies gene function (i.e., sperm competition) into an interspecies avoidance phenotype (i.e., CSP). Alternatively, the dual role of these genes could be a consequence of their pleiotropic roles.