bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of three S‐β‐CDs with different degrees of substitution for the chiral separation of 12 drugs in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Zhaokun , Zhang Qiongwen , Luo Linda , Sun Tiemin , Guo Xingjie
Published: July 2017

Three kinds of sulfated β‐cyclodextrin (S‐β‐CD), including a single isomer, heptakis‐6‐sulfato‐β‐cyclodextrin (HS‐β‐CD), degree of substitution (DS) of 7, which was synthesized in our laboratory and another two commercialized randomly substituted mixtures, a sulfated β‐cyclodextrin with DS of 7 to 11, as well as a highly sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrin with DS of 12 to 15, were used for the enantioresolution of 12 drugs (the β‐blockers, phenethylamines, and anticholinergic agents) in capillary electrophoresis. The enantioseparation under varying concentrations of S‐β‐CD and background electrolyte pH were systematically investigated and compared. Based on the experimental results, the effect of the nature of S‐β‐CD and analyte structure on the enantioseparation is discussed.
Immunogenicity and safety of single‐dose, 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in pediatric and adolescent oncology patients
Authors: Hung Te‐Yu , Kotecha Rishi S. , Blyth Christopher C. , Steed Sarah K. , Thornton Ruth B. , Ryan Anne L. , Cole Catherine H. , Richmond Peter C.
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

Children receiving immunosuppressive treatment for cancer are at high risk for invasive pneumococcal disease. The 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) can prevent pneumococcal disease in healthy children; however, there is an absence of literature regarding the benefit of PCV13 in immunocompromised children with cancer.

METHODS

A prospective, open‐label cohort study recruited children between ages 1 and 18 years who were receiving active immunosuppressive therapy (AIT) or were within 12 months after completing immunosuppressive therapy (CIT). Blood samples were taken before and 4 weeks after the administration of single‐dose PCV13. Serotype‐specific immunoglobulin G antibody titers were measured, and titers ≥0.35 μg/mL were considered protective. Solicited side effects were recorded in a 7‐day diary after vaccination.

RESULTS

Eighty‐five children were recruited. At baseline, ≤50% had protective antibody titers against Streptococcus pneumoniae for 10 serotypes in the AIT group and for 8 serotypes in the CIT group. Postvaccination, ≥70% had protective antibody titers for 9 and 11 serotypes in the AIT and CIT groups, respectively. Both groups had comparable responses to PCV7 serotypes, whereas a significantly higher proportion in the CIT group achieved protective antibody titers to PCV13 serotypes. There was a low rate of serious adverse events (3.5%).

CONCLUSIONS

A single‐dose of PCV13 is safe and immunogenic in children diagnosed with cancer. All children who are receiving therapy for cancer should receive a single dose of PCV13 as soon as possible after diagnosis, regardless of prior PCV exposure. The current data support the recommendation for an additional dose of PCV13 after the completion of immunosuppressive therapy to provide additional protection against invasive pneumococcal disease. Cancer 2017;123:4215–4223. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Association of MYCN copy number with clinical features, tumor biology, and outcomes in neuroblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Campbell Kevin , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , Mann Meegan , Naranjo Arlene H. , Van Ryn Collin , Bagatell Rochelle , Matthay Katherine K. , London Wendy B. , Irwin Meredith S. , Shimada Hiroyuki , Granger M. Meaghan , Hogarty Michael D. , Park Julie R. , DuBois Steven G.
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

High‐level MYCN amplification (MNA) is associated with poor outcome and unfavorable clinical and biological features in patients with neuroblastoma. To the authors' knowledge, less is known regarding these associations in patients with low‐level MYCN copy number increases.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, the authors classified patients has having tumors with MYCN wild‐type tumors, MYCN gain (2‐4‐fold increase in MYCN signal compared with the reference probe), or MNA (>4‐fold increase). Tests of trend were used to investigate ordered associations between MYCN copy number category and features of interest. Log‐rank tests and Cox models compared event‐free survival and overall survival by subgroup.

RESULTS

Among 4672 patients, 3694 (79.1%) had MYCN wild‐type tumors, 133 (2.8%) had MYCN gain, and 845 (18.1%) had MNA. For each clinical/biological feature, the percentage of patients with an unfavorable feature was lowest in the MYCN wild‐type category, intermediate in the MYCN gain category, and highest in the MNA category (P<.0001), except for 11q aberration, for which the highest rates were in the MYCN gain category. Patients with MYCN gain had inferior event‐free survival and overall survival compared with those with MYCN wild‐type. Among patients with high‐risk disease, MYCN gain was associated with the lowest response rate after chemotherapy. Patients with non‐stage 4 disease (according to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System) and patients with non‐high‐risk disease with MYCN gain had a significantly increased risk for death, a finding confirmed on multivariable testing.

CONCLUSIONS

Increasing MYCN copy number is associated with an increasingly higher rate of unfavorable clinical/biological features, with 11q aberration being an exception. Patients with MYCN gain appear to have inferior outcomes, especially in otherwise more favorable groups. Cancer 2017;123:4224–4235. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Estimator‐based adaptive neural network control of leader‐follower high‐order nonlinear multiagent systems with actuator faults
Authors: Zhou Ning , Chen Riqing , Xia Yuanqing , Huang Jie
Published: July 2017

The problem of distributed cooperative control for networked multiagent systems is investigated in this paper. Each agent is modeled as an uncertain nonlinear high‐order system incorporating with model uncertainty, unknown external disturbance, and actuator fault. The communication network between followers can be an undirected or a directed graph, and only some of the follower agents can obtain the commands from the leader. To develop the distributed cooperative control algorithm, a prefilter is designed, which can derive the state‐space representation to a newly constructed plant. Then, a set of distributed adaptive neural network controllers are designed by making certain modifications on traditional backstepping techniques with the aid of adaptive control, neural network control, and a second‐order sliding mode estimator. Rigorous proving procedures are provided, which show that uniform ultimate boundedness of all the tracking errors can be achieved in a networked multiagent system. Finally, a numerical simulation is carried out to evaluate the theoretical results.
Imprint cytology of clear cell sarcoma‐like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract in the small intestine: A case report
Authors: Kato Takashi , Ichihara Shin , Gotoda Hiroko , Muraoka Shunji , Kubo Terufumi , Sugita Shintaro , Hasegawa Tadashi
Published: July 2017

Clear cell sarcoma‐like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract (CCSLGT) is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm in the digestive tract. Its cytomorphologic features have never previously been reported. Here, we describe a case of CCSLGT, including its cytologic examination findings. A 47‐year‐old woman presented with a mass in the small intestine, which was resected and sent for imprint cytology. Imprint smears revealed tumor cells with light eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm in a necrotic background. Many of the tumor cells were arranged in a perivascular growth with a pseudopapillary formation, and there were some non‐neoplastic osteoclast‐like giant cells. Histological examination revealed solid nests and a pseudopapillary pattern of the tumor cells with clear or pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with small nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry showed positive for vimentin, S‐100, and SOX‐10, and negative for SMA, c‐KIT, cytokeratin, HMB‐45, and MelanA. The EWSR1 gene split signal was detected by reverse transcriptase fluorescence in situ hybridization, and EWSR1–CREB1 gene fusion was indicated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. From these findings, we diagnosed the tumor as CCSLGT. To best of our knowledge, this is the first description of the imprint cytology features of CCSLGT.
Dimensionality of a Coordination Polymer as a Tool To Control Thermal Expansion in a Polymorphic Coordination Compound
Authors: Saha Binoy K. , Rather Sumair A. , Saha Arijit
Published: July 2017

Establishment of structure–property relationships is a subject of utmost importance in structural chemistry and materials science. The thermal expansion of strong bonds is known to be smaller than that of weaker bonds. Can this tendency be used to correlate the dimensionality of coordination polymers to their thermal expansion? In this study, we found that two 1D polymers of the polymorphic coordination complex of ZnCl2 and 4,4′‐bipyridine exhibit much higher thermal expansion than the corresponding 2D polymer. This finding suggests that higher dimensionality can induce lower thermal expansion in coordination compounds. The thermal expansion has also been used here to explain the solid‐state phase transformation between the 1D and 2D structures. We anticipate that the dimensionality would be considered as an effective tool in designing new coordination polymers with desired thermal expansion properties and thermal expansion studies would be used in explaining solid‐state phase transformations in many cases.
Simple and Fast Picomolar Detection of Ochratoxin A Using a Reusable Label Free Aptasensor Built with a Layer‐by‐layer Procedure
Authors: Simão Estéfani P. , Cao‐Milán Roberto , Costa‐Pedro Graciela , De Melo Celso P. , Cao Roberto , Oliveira Maria D. L. , Andrade Cesar A. S.
Published: July 2017

A label free impedimetric aptasensor for simple, fast and reusable picomolar detections of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in grape juices was designed. Two main factors were observed to affect the accurate detections of the toxin: i‐lateral interactions between self‐assembled aptamers ii‐ adsorption of large molecules present in complex matrixes like grape juices. Lateral interactions between aptamers were minimized by constructing the aptasensor in a Layer‐by‐Layer procedure. The interferences associated to the unspecific and irreversible adsorption of large molecules present in grape juice, were reduced by submitting samples to ultrafiltration prior to analysis. With this protocol, a 0.12 pM limit of detection and 0.24 pM limit of quantification in spiked grape juices were achieved after only 5–7 mins of interaction with the samples. The presented aptasensor can be recovered after a simple immersion in hot water (90 °C) for ten minutes.
Stripping Voltammetry for the Real Time Determination of Zinc Membrane Diffusion Coefficients in High pH: Towards Rapid Screening of Alkaline Battery Separators
Authors: Duay Jonathon , Lambert Timothy N. , Aidun Ruby
Published: July 2017

An anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) sensing platform which provides real time determination of zincate diffusion through membrane separators in alkaline electrolyte with total experimental times on the order of hours is presented. Advanced separators are essential for future rechargeable alkaline zinc batteries. In order to be screened, these membranes need to be evaluated for their zincate blocking performance. Current complexometric titration and elemental analysis methods for zincate membrane diffusion characterization can take days to weeks to obtain results as well as include large sample dilution factors and require additional sample processing. The anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) sensing platform presented here provides real time determination of zincate diffusion in alkaline electrolyte with total experimental times on the order of hours. This method eliminates the need for sample dilution and post experiment sample processing. This technique significantly increases the throughput for the screening of advanced alkaline battery separators resulting in rapid turnaround times in the analysis of these vital membranes. To evaluate the utility of this method, zincate diffusion through commercial Celgard 3501 and Cellophane 350P00 was monitored using both ASV and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) methods. The obtained zincate diffusion coefficients for both techniques were found to compare favorably.
Simplex space‐time meshes in two‐phase flow simulations
Authors: Karyofylli Violeta , Frings Markus , Elgeti Stefanie , Behr Marek
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we present the numerical solution of 2‐phase flow problems of engineering significance with a space‐time finite element method that allows for local temporal refinement. Arbitrary temporal refinement is applied to preselected regions of the mesh and is governed by a quantity that is part of the solution process, namely, the interface position in 2‐phase flow. Because of local effects such as surface tension, jumps in material properties, etc, the interface can in general be considered a region that requires high flexibility and high resolution, both in space and in time. The new method, which leads to tetrahedral (for 2D problems) and pentatope (for 3D problems) meshes, offers an efficient yet accurate approach to the underlying 2‐phase flow problems.
Time is money: An empirical investigation of delivery behavior in the U.S. T‐Bond futures market
Authors: Breton Michèle , Ben‐Abdallah Ramzi
Published: July 2017

This paper analyzes the delivery behavior observed in the CBOT T‐Bond futures market over the period spanning 1985–2016 in order to assess how timing decisions were made, and whether these decisions were optimal. During that period, delivery was generally deferred to the last possible moment, but early delivery episodes were also observed regularly. A regression model identifying the determinants of early exercise over the last three decades is proposed, along with a case‐by‐case analysis of specific delivery patterns. Finally, the optimality of the observed delivery strategies is assessed a posteriori.
Returns to scientific publications for pharmaceutical products in the United States
Authors: Slejko Julia F. , Basu Anirban , Sullivan Sean D.
Published: July 2017

Drug‐specific clinical and health economic and outcomes research (HEOR) publications have amassed, but their effect on drug sales is largely unknown. We estimated the impact of publications on pharmaceutical sales in 3 markets (statins, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma drugs) with varying generic competition. An event‐study approach with fixed effects and difference‐in‐fixed‐effects modeling was used to estimate the causal effects of drug‐specific publications on subsequent quarter's drug‐specific sales and volume. High‐impact clinical and HEOR publications have significant positive effects on sales (mediated through price) and volume in the statin market (high generic competition). High‐impact clinical publications have a significant positive effect on sales (mediated through volume) in low‐generic competition market (asthma). The effects of publications in the rheumatoid arthritis market (no generic competition) on sales were null. Manufacturers' investment in clinical and HEOR publications needs to be strategic and should be anticipated and complemented by public investments in such studies.
Extending decomposition analysis to account for unobserved heterogeneity and persistence in health behavior: Income‐related smoking inequality among Swedish women
Authors: Kjellsson Gustav
Published: July 2017

This article suggests an enrichment of the standard method for decomposition of the concentration index to account for unobserved heterogeneity and persistence in health behavior. As the underlying regression model in the decomposition, this approach uses a dynamic random‐effect probit that both consider individual heterogeneity, using a Mundlak type of specification, and applies a simple solution to account for smoking persistence. I illustrate the suggested approach using a panel of Swedish women in Statistics Sweden's Survey of Living Conditions for one vital health‐related behavior, smoking. The results highlight the importance of persistence and show that education and living in a single household are the main drivers of income‐related smoking inequality.
A pilot phase II study of ofatumumab monotherapy for extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma of the mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Neuper Ortrun , Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Dolak Werner , Lukas Julius , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Raderer Markus
Published: July 2017

These are the final results of the Ofatumumab in MALT lymphoma study (O‐MA 1), a pilot phase II trial evaluating the capacity and safety of ofatumumab to induce objective responses in patients with Helicobacter pylori eradication refractory or extragastric MALT lymphoma. Ofatumumab was given at 4 weekly doses (1000 mg) followed by 4 doses at 2‐month intervals starting at week 8. According to protocol, a total of 16 patients were recruited (median age 69 years; range 38‐85). Thirty one percent (5/16) of patients had primary gastric MALT lymphoma while the remaining 69% (11/16) presented with extragastric manifestations. Seventy‐five percent (12/16) had localized lymphoma and 4 patients disseminated disease. The overall response rate to treatment with ofatumumab was 81% (13/16), with the median time to best response being 5.5 months. In detail, 50% (8/16) achieved complete remission; 31% (5/16), partial remission; and 19% (3/16), disease stabilization as best response. However, 1 patient with gastric lymphoma and complete remission at second restaging had a relapse at final assessment but ongoing complete remission during further follow‐up. Tolerability was excellent accept low‐grade infusion reactions occurring in 86% (14/16). At a median follow‐up time of 25 months only 1 patient has relapsed suggesting durable responses in the majority of patients. This pilot trial shows clearly that ofatumumab is active and safe for the treatment of MALT lymphoma.
Increasing water losses from snow captured in the canopy of boreal forests: A case study using a 30 year data set
Authors: Kozii Nataliia , Laudon Hjalmar , Ottosson‐Löfvenius Mikaell , Hasselquist Niles J.
Published: July 2017

Water losses from snow intercepted by forest canopy can significantly influence the hydrological cycle in seasonally snow‐covered regions, yet how snow interception losses (SIL) are influenced by a changing climate are poorly understood. In this study, we used a unique 30 year record (1986–2015) of snow accumulation and snow water equivalent measurements in a mature mixed coniferous (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris) forest stand and an adjacent open area to assess how changes in weather conditions influence SIL. Given little change in canopy cover during this study, the 20% increase in SIL was likely the result of changes in winter weather conditions. However, there was no significant change in average wintertime precipitation and temperature during the study period. Instead, mean monthly temperature values increased during the early winter months (i.e., November and December), whereas there was a significant decrease in precipitation in March. We also assessed how daily variation in meteorological variables influenced SIL and found that about 50% of the variation in SIL was correlated to the amount of precipitation that occurred when temperatures were lower than −3 °C and to the proportion of days with mean daily temperatures higher than +0.4 °C. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of understanding the appropriate time scale and thresholds in which weather conditions influence SIL in order to better predict how projected climate change will influence snow accumulation and hydrology in boreal forests in the future.
Alterations of oncogenes expression in NK cells in patients with cancer
Authors: Zakiryanova Gulnur K. , Kustova Elena , Urazalieva Nataliya T. , Amirbekov Aday , Baimuchametov Emile T. , Nakisbekov Narymzhan N. , Shurin Michael R.
Published: July 2017

Introduction

C‐kit/SCF signaling plays a key role in regulating NK cell homeostasis, maturation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. C‐kit‐deficiency in NK cells results in significant reduction of their number, suggesting an imperative role for c‐kit signaling in NK cell biology. We have recently showed that human NK cells express not only c‐kit‐receptor, but also both membrane‐bound and soluble forms of c‐kit ligand—Stem cell factor. The goal of this study was to characterize the c‐kit/SCF autocrine loop in peripheral blood NK cells obtained from patients with cancer.

Methods

Using Smart Flare and qRT‐PCR, we have characterized expression of c‐kit and two forms of SCF in patients’ NK cells and correlated these results with the expression of c‐myc and STAT3.

Results

Our results demonstrated that the expression of proto‐oncogenes c‐myc and c‐kit was significantly decreased in NK cells from all cancer patients. Expression of membrane‐bound SCF in NK cells correlated with the presence of remote metastases.

Conclusions

We suggest that the abnormal signaling and expression of c‐kit/SCF, c‐myc, and STAT3 in NK cells is responsible for the defect in their cytolytic activity in cancer and these defects at the gene expression level may be the cause rather than the result of tumor progression.
Euro area time‐varying fiscal sustainability
Authors: Afonso António , Jalles João Tovar
Published: July 2017

We assess the time‐varying features of fiscal sustainability in the euro area via revisiting the empirical relationship between the primary budget surplus and the debt‐to‐GDP ratio. Focusing on a sample of 11 Euro‐area countries between 1999Q1 and 2013Q4 and by means of time series analyses, we find that (a) fiscal policy seems to have been sustainable in Belgium, France, Germany, and the Netherlands and a Ricardian (monetary dominant) regime might have been present; (b) debt exhibited a negative response following an innovation in the budget surplus in half of the sample; (c) the time‐varying coefficient model shows that the 2008–2009 global economic and financial crisis exerted a sizeable negative impact on fiscal sustainability; and (d) expenditure‐based fiscal rules are strong determinants of fiscal sustainability. All in all, we found some evidence against the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level.
Fast noninvasive functional diffuse optical tomography for brain imaging
Authors: Dai Xianjin , Zhang Tao , Yang Hao , Tang Jianbo , Carney Paul R. , Jiang Huabei
Published: July 2017

Advances in epilepsy studies have shown that specific changes in hemodynamics precede and accompany seizure onset and propagation. However, it has been challenging to noninvasively detect these changes in real time and in humans, due to the lack of fast functional neuroimaging tools. In this study, we present a functional diffuse optical tomography (DOT) method with the guidance of an anatomical human head atlas for 3‐dimensionally mapping the brain in real time. Central to our DOT system is a human head interface coupled with a technique that can incorporate topological information of the brain surface into the DOT image reconstruction. The performance of the DOT system was tested by imaging motor tasks‐involved brain activities on N = 6 subjects (3 epilepsy patients and 3 healthy controls). We observed diffuse areas of activations from the reconstructed [HbT] images of patients, relative to more focal activations for healthy subjects. Moreover, significant pretask hemodynamic activations were also seen in the motor cortex of patients, which indicated abnormal activities persistent in the brain of an epilepsy patient. This work demonstrates that fast functional DOT is a valuable tool for noninvasive 3‐dimensional mapping of brain hemodynamics.
Pharmacological inhibition of S6K1 impairs self‐renewal and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Gu Xiaohui , Fu Xuejie , Lu Jihang , Saijilafu  , Li Bin , Luo Zong‐ping , Chen Jianquan
Published: July 2017

mTORC1 signaling not only plays important physiological roles in the regulation of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, but also mediates exogenous Wnt‐induced protein anabolism and osteoblast differentiation. However, the downstream effectors of the mTORC1 signaling in the above processes are still poorly understood. In this study, we explored the specific role of S6K1, one of the major targets of the mTORC1 pathway, in BMSCs self‐renewal and osteogenic differentiation. We first found that S6K1 was active in primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells, and further activated upon osteogenic induction. We then determined the effects of S6K1 inhibition by LY2584702 Tosylate, a selective inhibitor of S6K1 (hereafter S6KI), using both primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells and ST2 cells. Colony‐Forming Unit‐Fibroblast (CFU‐F) assays showed that S6KI dramatically reduced the total number of colonies formed in primary BMSCs cultures. Under the basal osteogenic culture condition, S6KI significantly inhibited mRNA expression of osteoblast marker genes (Sp7, Bglap, Ibsp, and Col1a1), ALP activity and matrix mineralization. Upon Wnt3a treatments, S6KI inhibited Wnt3a‐induced osteoblast differentiation and expression of protein anabolism genes in ST2 cells, but to a much lesser degree than rapamycin (a specific inhibitor of mTORC1 signaling). Collectively, our findings have demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of S6K1 impaired self‐renewal and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, but only partially suppressed exogenous Wnt3a‐induced osteoblast differentiation and protein anabolism.
Genetic variation in the DNA repair pathway as a potential determinant of response to platinum‐based chemotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Beheshti Farimah , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Khazaei Majid , Hosseini Mahmoud , ShahidSales Soodabeh , Hasanzadeh Malihe , Maftouh Mina , Ferns Gordon A. , Avan Amir
Published: July 2017

Platinum‐based chemotherapy is often used as a first‐line treatment for patient with breast cancer. Platinum agents bind to DNA, forming adducts that contain intra and inter‐strand crosslinks. It is possible that genetic variations of the DNA repair pathways may affect the activity, or efficacy of platinum, and hence resistance to platinum chemotherapy may be related to these genetic variants. We have summarized the known variants in the DNA repair pathway that have been reported to predict the response to platinum‐based therapy in breast cancer.
Triptolide prevents extracellular matrix accumulation in experimental diabetic kidney disease by targeting microRNA‐137/Notch1 pathway
Authors: Han Fei , Wang Shanshan , Chang Yunpeng , Li Chunjun , Yang Juhong , Han Zhe , Chang Baocheng , Sun Bei , Chen Liming
Published: July 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in multiple biological functions via suppressing target genes. Triptolide is a monomeric compound isolated from a traditional Chinese herb, which exerts protective roles in many kinds of glomerular diseases. However, our understanding of the triptolide effect on miRNAome is still limited. In this study, we found that triptolide significantly decreased albuminuria and improved glomerulosclerosis in rats with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). And triptolide also inhibited extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation and the notch1 pathway activation under diabetic conditions. MiR‐137 was significantly decreased in the HG (high glucose)‐treated HRMCs and in the kidney tissues of the diabetic rats, but was upregulated by triptolide. In addition, overexpression of miR‐137 exerted similar effects to those of triptolide, while miR‐137 inhibition aggravated ECM protein accumulation. Luciferase reporter assay results demonstrated that miR‐137 directly targets Notch1. Furthermore, the miR‐137‐dependent effects were due to Notch1 suppression that in turn inhibited ECM protein expression, key mediators of glomerulosclerosis. Finally, downregulation of miR‐137 reversed the ECM inhibition role of triptolide in HG cultured HRMCs. Taken together, these findings indicate that triptolide is a potential therapeutic option for DKD and that miR‐137/Notch1 pathway play roles in the anti‐glomerulosclerosis mechanism of triptolide.
An accurate parasitic parameters extraction method based on FW‐EM for AlGaN/GaN HEMT up to 110 GHz
Authors: Jia Yonghao , Xu Yuehang , Xu Ruimin , Li Yanrong
Published: July 2017

In this paper, an accurate parasitic parameters extraction method based on full wave electromagnetic for 0.1 μm GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) small‐signal equivalent circuit up to 110 GHz is presented. To describe the distribution effects of HEMTs electrodes at extremely high frequency, a 2‐stage distributed transmission line equivalent circuit model is also presented. To minimize the distribution effects, a shorter gate‐width device, called partial transistor model, is used to extract the second stage (N = 2) parasitic capacitance before extracting the first stage (N = 1) parameters. An AlGaN/GaN HEMT with gate length of 0.1 μm is used for validation, and the experimental results show that good agreement has been achieved between measured and simulated scattering (S) parameters up to 110 GHz.
Myelin as an inflammatory mediator: Myelin interactions with complement, macrophages, and microglia in spinal cord injury
Authors: Kopper Timothy J. , Gensel John C.
Published: July 2017

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers chronic intraspinal inflammation consisting of activated resident and infiltrating immune cells (especially microglia/macrophages). The environmental factors contributing to this protracted inflammation are not well understood; however, myelin lipid debris is a hallmark of SCI. Myelin is also a potent macrophage stimulus and target of complement‐mediated clearance and inflammation. The downstream effects of these neuroimmune interactions have the potential to contribute to ongoing pathology or facilitate repair. This depends in large part on whether myelin drives pathological or reparative macrophage activation states, commonly referred to as M1 (proinflammatory) or M2 (alternatively) macrophages, respectively. Here we review the processes by which myelin debris may be cleared through macrophage surface receptors and the complement system, how this differentially influences macrophage and microglial activation states, and how the cellular functions of these myelin macrophages and complement proteins contribute to chronic inflammation and secondary injury after SCI.
Preferences for groundnut products among urban residents in Ghana
Authors: Meng Ting , Florkowski Wojciech J , Klepacka Anna M , Sarpong Daniel B , Resurreccion Anna V A , Chinnan Manjeet S , Ekielski Adam
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

The present study identifies factors influencing preferences for common groundnut products using information about product perceptions from residents in Ghana's cities collected in 2011. In Ghana, domestically produced groundnuts, processed into a variety of groundnut products, are a vital source of protein and other nutrients.

RESULTS

Response summaries provide insights about the eating frequency of various products, whereas a bivariate ordered probit model identifies factors influencing preferences for groundnut paste and roasted groundnuts. Attributes such as taste, protein content and healthfulness are important for roasted groundnuts, whereas aroma, taste and protein content are associated with a preference for groundnut paste. Large households prefer paste, whereas the less educated and those from households with children prefer roasted groundnuts. Adding a child (4–12 years old) increases probability of ‘liking very much’ roasted groundnuts and an additional adult at home changes that probability regarding groundnut paste. College‐educated consumers prefer groundnut paste less than those with less education. Consumers from Tamale and Takoradi prefer roasted groundnuts and groundnut paste more than Accra households.

CONCLUSIONS

Taste and protein content are attributes of groundnut paste and roasted groundnuts preferred by consumers. Location is a significant factor shaping preference for roasted groundnuts and groundnut paste. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Favorable factors for preserving bladder function after nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy: A protocol‐based validation study
Authors: Kim Hee Seung , Kim Miseon , Luo Yanlin , Lee Maria , Song Yong Sang ,   on behalf of the FUSION Study Group
Published: July 2017

Objectives

To investigate favorable factors of nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH) for preserving the pelvic autonomic nerves and subsequent bladder function and to compare the safety between NSRH and conventional radical hysterectomy (CRH) for cervical cancer.

Methods

We recruited 87 consecutive patients with IB1‐IIA cervical cancer who underwent NSRH, and reviewed the information of 81 patients who received CRH for historical comparisons. One gynaecologic oncologist performed all operations.

Results

IB1 disease was the only favorable factor for unilateral or bilateral preservation (adjusted OR, 0.245; 95% CI, 0.077‐0.774), whereas IB1 disease and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) were favorable for bilateral preservation (adjusted ORs, 0.336 and 0.116; 95% CIs, 0.162‐0.982 and 0.023‐0.581). The median duration of postoperative catheterization (DPC) was different among bilateral, unilateral and failed preservation (median 6 vs 18 vs 90 days; P < 0.001). The median DPC was shorter in NSRH patients with stage IB1 disease or SqCC (7 vs 14 days; P < 0.05) despite no difference between NSRH and CRH in those with IB2‐IIA disease or non‐SqCC. Survival was not different between NSRH and CRH patients.

Conclusions

IB1 disease and SqCC are favorable for preserving the pelvic autonomic nerves and subsequent bladder function without compromising survival outcomes in patients treated with NSRH.
Comparison of long‐term clinical outcomes among different vascularized lymph node transfers: 6‐year experience of a single center's approach to the treatment of lymphedema
Authors: Ciudad Pedro , Agko Mouchammed , Perez Coca John Jaime , Manrique Oscar J. , Chang Wei‐Ling , Nicoli Fabio , Chen Shih‐Heng , Chen Hung‐Chi
Published: July 2017

Background

This study evaluated the long‐term clinical outcomes among different vascularized lymph node transfers (VLNT) used at our institution.

Methods

Between July 2010 and July 2016, all patients with International Society of Lymphology (ISL) stages II‐III who underwent VLNT were evaluated. Demographic and clinical data (limb circumference, infectious episodes, lymphoscintigraphic studies) were recorded pre‐operatively. Clinical outcomes, complications, and additional excisional procedures were analyzed post‐operatively. At least 2‐year follow‐up was required for inclusion.

Results

Overall, 83 patients (Stage II:47, Stage III:36) met the inclusion criterion. Mean follow‐up was 32.8 months (range, 24‐49). Lymph node flaps used were groin (n = 13), supraclavicular (n = 25), gastroepiploic (n = 42), ileocecal (n = 2), and appendicular (n = 1). Total mean circumference reduction rate was 29.1% (Stage II) and 17.9% (Stage III) (P < 0.05). A paired t‐test showed that VLNT significantly decreased the number of infections (P < 0.05). Three patients reported no improvement of the symptoms. Major complications included one flap loss and one donor site hematoma. After the period of follow‐up, 18 patients (21.7%) underwent additional excisional procedures.

Conclusion

VLNT is a promising technique used for the treatment of lymphedema and appears to be more effective in moderate stages (Stage II). Patients with advanced stage lymphedema (Stage III) may benefit from additional excisional procedures.
Portal vein territory identification using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging: Technical details and short‐term outcomes
Authors: Kobayashi Yuta , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Kobayashi Kosuke , Mori Kazuhiro , Arita Junichi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kokudo Norihiro
Published: July 2017

Background and Objectives

Portal vein (PV) territory identification during liver resection may be performed using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging technique. However, the technical details of the fluorescence staining technique have not been fully elucidated. This study was performed to demonstrate the technical details of PV territory identification using fluorescence imaging and evaluates the short‐term outcomes.

Methods

From 2011 to 2015, 105 underwent liver resection at the University of Tokyo Hospital with one of the following fluorescence staining techniques by transhepatic PV injection or intravenous injection of ICG: single staining (n = 36), multiple staining (n = 31), counterstaining (n = 22), negative staining (n = 13), or paradoxical negative staining (n = 3).

Results

The PV territory was identified as a region with fluorescence or a defect of fluorescence using one of the five staining techniques. ICG was administered by transhepatic PV injection in all but the negative staining technique, which employed intravenous injection. No adverse events associated with the ICG administration occurred. The mortality, postoperative total morbidity, and the major complication (Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥III) rates were 0.0%, 14.3%, and 7.6%.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated the technical details of five types of fluorescence staining techniques. These techniques are safe to perform and facilitate clear visualization of the PV territory in real time, enhancing the efficacy of anatomical removal of such territories.
Information and profit sharing between a buyer and a supplier: Theory and practice
Authors: Li Kai , Liu Xin‐Yang , Jacobson David
Published: July 2017

This paper is about aspects of an optimal relationship between 2 firms, a supplier and a retailer, in a 2‐party supply chain. The focus is on sharing private information when demand uncertainty exists so as to better coordinate the supply chain. It draws inspiration from a real case in Ireland of a new fish‐processing company, Oceanpath, and a supermarket chain, Superquinn, in which information was shared. The argument is that sharing the retailer's information increases supply chain profit, as well as benefiting consumers. Profit sharing will be needed to guarantee that both the retailer and the supplier gain when information is shared.
The role of diffusion MRI in neuroscience
Authors: Assaf Yaniv , Johansen‐Berg Heidi , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel
Published: July 2017

Diffusion‐weighted imaging has pushed the boundaries of neuroscience by allowing us to examine the white matter microstructure of the living human brain. By doing so, it has provided answers to fundamental neuroscientific questions, launching a new field of research that had been largely inaccessible. We briefly summarize key questions that have historically been raised in neuroscience concerning the brain's white matter. We then expand on the benefits of diffusion‐weighted imaging and its contribution to the fields of brain anatomy, functional models and plasticity. In doing so, this review highlights the invaluable contribution of diffusion‐weighted imaging in neuroscience, presents its limitations and proposes new challenges for future generations who may wish to exploit this powerful technology to gain novel insights.
Reconstruction of Socioeconomic Status in the Medieval (14th–15th Century) Population of Grevenmacher (Luxembourg) Based on Growth, Development and Diet
Authors: Trautmann B. , Wißing C. , Díaz‐Zorita Bonilla M. , Bis‐Worch C. , Bocherens H.
Published: July 2017

Numerous historical sources describe many aspects of the estate‐based society in medieval times; the detection of socioeconomic status within populations through skeletal remains is a topic of growing interest in anthropological studies. In medieval times, it was common for members of high social rank to be buried within or next to a church. This was certainly the case in Grevenmacher (Luxembourg), where remains of a church building and an adjacent cemetery from the 13th until the beginning of the 15th century were subjected to archaeological and anthropological analysis. By integrating archaeological and anthropological elements, as well as stable isotope analysis, we documented osteological manifestations as indicators of diet differentials in two subsamples (first group consists out of 56 individuals, second one out of 184 individuals) from the medieval cemetery of Grevenmacher. We could distinguish two subsamples that we assumed as different in their socioeconomic status with regards to the burials' position in the cemetery and burial characteristics. Differences in osteological traits such as bone length, stature and body mass indicated differences in diet between sample groups. To substantiate these outcomes, stable isotopic analysis (δ13C, δ15N) were made; the results displayed a clear separation between the sample groups on the basis of their diet. Therefore, we were able to confirm certain individuals in the medieval population of Grevenmacher in relationship to their socioeconomic status. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robustness properties preservation in suboptimal T1DM H∞ control: ω‐SPR substitutions
Authors: Hernández‐Medina Anna , Flores‐Gutiérrez Claudia , Femat Ricardo
Published: July 2017

Suboptimal
controllers have been proposed to deal with robust glucose regulation problem at type 1 diabetic patients. The features of such controllers involve robust stability and robust performance. These suboptimal
controllers are designed at a specific frequencies response, which corresponds to a diabetic type 1 under specific physiological conditions. An open problem stands for preservation of the robustness controller properties for a different frequencies interval beyond the used for designing. This problem is motivated by the possibility of finding distinct frequency response at T1DM patients around the world or under different physiological conditions. In this contribution, the SPR functions are exploited to analyze the robust stability and robust performance preservation. This analysis is done for each one transfer function in closed‐loop related to intake; our results are relevant because of the design range of the controllers can be extended which means that the controllers can be used on the patients with different physiological conditions.
Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus‐nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant
Authors: Wang Chao , Wu Yicheng , Li Yingchun , Shao Qian , Yan Xingru , Han Cui , Wang Zhe , Liu Zhen , Guo Zhanhu
Published: July 2017

A phosphorous‐nitrogen intumescent flame‐retardant, 2,2‐diethyl‐1,3‐propanediol phosphoryl melamine (DPPM), was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) with DPPM (DPPM‐RPUF) as fire‐retardant additive were prepared. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical performance testing showed that DPPM exhibited a favorable compatibility with RPUF and negligibly negative influence on the mechanical properties of RPUF. The flame retardancy of DPPM on RPUF was investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test and cone calorimeter. The LOI of DPPM‐RPUF could reach 29.5%, and a UL‐94 V‐0 rating was achieved, when the content of DPPM was 25 php. Furthermore, the DPPM‐RPUF exhibited an outstanding water resistance that it could still obtain a V‐0 rating after water soaking. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the residual weight of RPUF was relatively low, while the charring ability of DPPM‐RPUF was improved greatly. Real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the thermo‐oxidative degradation reactions of DPPM‐RPUF. The results revealed that the flame‐retardancy mechanism of DPPM in RPUF was based on the surface charred layer acting as a physical barrier, which slowed down the decomposition of RPUF and prevented the heat and mass transfer between the gas and the condensed phases.
Hepatocellular carcinoma‐associated single‐nucleotide variants and deletions identified by the use of genome‐wide high‐throughput analysis of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Liu Wen‐Chun , Wu I‐Chin , Lee Yen‐Chien , Lin Chih‐Peng , Cheng Ji‐Hong , Lin Yih‐Jyh , Yen Chia‐Jui , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Li Pei‐Fu , Cheng Yi‐Ting , Cheng Pei‐Wen , Sun Koun‐Tem , Yan Shu‐Ling , Lin Jia‐Jhen , Yang Jui‐Chu , Chang Kung‐Chao , Ho Cheng‐Hsun , Tseng Vincent S , Chang Bill Chia‐Han , Wu Jaw‐Ching , Chang Ting‐Tsung
Published: July 2017

This study investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) and deletion mutations linked with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ninety‐three HCC patients and 108 non‐HCC patients were enrolled for HBV genome‐wide next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. A systematic literature review and a meta‐analysis were performed to validate NGS‐defined HCC‐associated SNVs and deletions. The experimental results identified 60 NGS‐defined HCC‐associated SNVs, including 41 novel SNVs, and their pathogenic frequencies. Each SNV was specific for either genotype B (n = 24) or genotype C (n = 34), except for nt53C, which was present in both genotypes. The pathogenic frequencies of these HCC‐associated SNVs showed a distinct U‐shaped distribution pattern. According to the meta‐analysis and literature review, 167 HBV variants from 109 publications were categorized into four levels (A–D) of supporting evidence that they are associated with HCC. The proportion of NGS‐defined HCC‐associated SNVs among these HBV variants declined significantly from 75% of 12 HCC‐associated variants by meta‐analysis (Level A) to 0% of 10 HCC‐unassociated variants by meta‐analysis (Level D) (P < 0.0001). PreS deletions were significantly associated with HCC, in terms of deletion index, for both genotypes B (P = 0.030) and C (P = 0.049). For genotype C, preS deletions involving a specific fragment (nt2977–3013) were significantly associated with HCC (HCC versus non‐HCC, 6/34 versus 0/32, P = 0.025). Meta‐analysis of preS deletions showed significant association with HCC (summary odds ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval 2.3–3.9). Transfection of Huh7 cells showed that all of the five novel NGS‐defined HCC‐associated SNVs in the small surface region influenced hepatocarcinogenesis pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum‐stress and DNA repair systems, as shown by microarray, real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Their carcinogenic mechanisms are worthy of further research. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.