bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Financial Management: Exploring the Interplay between Strategic Orientation and Financial Decision-Making in Corporate Settings
Authors: Chowdhury Ishtiaq Uz Zaman , Safdar Zoya , Adnan Muhammad , Batool Fatima , Ali Waqas , Abbasi Muhammad Usama , Khan Khushnoor
Published: January 2024

This research aims to enhance comprehension of the relationship between decision-making styles and management and organisational success techniques. The intellectual and practical aspects of the strategic approach to organisational success are first highlighted in this work. Then, this study strengthens the conclusions of previous research on strategic enablers by clarifying the effort required in making decisions to strengthen the managerial structure, particularly the apparent and sensible decision-making styles that little the relationship between the planning process and corporate performance. In conclusion, this study suggests a methodology for evaluating the relationship between business performance and managerial strategy.
Non-Financial Markets and Interconnectedness between US and Emerging Financial Economies: Evidence from Covid-19 Financial Crisis
Authors: Sarwat Ayesha , Akhtar Hameeda
Published: January 2024

During times of financial turmoil, when traditional assets experience significant volatility, commodity markets provide diversification benefits to investors. The objective is to investigate the factors influencing financial contagion between the United States and emerging Asian equity markets (China and India). The study analyzes the influential impact of the volatility index, gold, oil, and USD index on financial contagion among the markets. The dynamic conditional correlation analysis is utilized to explore the correlations during the US subprime and Covid-19 crises, and quantile regression analysis is conducted at different levels of time-varying correlations. The study's results suggest that financial contagion becomes more pronounced during periods of financial turmoil, and global financial crises contribute to alterations in the dependence structure between financial contagion among equity markets and global macroeconomic risk factors. The effect of financial contagion can be abridged through altering portfolio reallocation strategies according to investors’ risk appetite during high market volatility.
A Case Study Of The Sarawak Cultural Village (Scv) Application: An Evaluation Of User Perception Of Scv Application
Authors:   University Malaysia Kelantan, Bin Abdul Ghani Mohamad Shahfik Afendi , Binti Wan Shamsuddin Syadiah Nor ,   Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Binti Rahim Normala ,   Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Hock Kuan Tenh ,   Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Bin Kiffli Sudirman
Published: January 2024

In the wake of the post-Covid-19 challenges affecting tourism and education, this study delves into the growing importance of virtual museum applications as a means of cultural heritage learning. Focusing on the Sarawak Cultural Village (SCV) application, the research explores user perceptions, media availability, and demands related to virtual museums. Utilizing a case study approach involving Sarawakians at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, the investigation evaluates their perception of the SCV application and provides recommendations for its enhancement. Notably, all responses indicate agreement with the significance of virtual museums for cultural heritage learning, with a minimum mean score of 3.95. The findings underscore the value of virtual museums in disseminating cultural heritage knowledge within the local context. The study recommends enriching the SCV application with multimedia elements, such as 3D models, animations, and videos, along with clear operational instructions. Furthermore, it suggests incorporating assessment features to reinforce learning. These recommendations are anchored in an established user experience model aiming to deliver a seamless user experience for local cultural heritage content, particularly within the “virtual tour” section in SCV.
A Review on Advanced Transdermal Paches and Their Evaluation
Authors: A. M. Nashine , S. D. Dafar , N. N. Choudhari. , D. V. Pohane , Y. K. Nandeshwar
Published: January 2024

Transdermal patches are an innovative method of delivering medication directly into the bloodstream through the skin. In 1979, the United States authorized the use of the initial transdermal technique for systemic delivery—a three-day patch that administers scopolamine to alleviate motion sickness. The initial breakthrough in transdermal delivery came with the introduction of nicotine patches. This paved the way for greater awareness and acceptance of transdermal technology in the medical field and among the general population, gaining significant popularity a decade later. Currently, there are 19 different transdermal delivery methods available for medications such as oestradiol, fentanyl, lidocaine, and testosterone. Additionally, there are combination patches available that contain multiple medications for hormone replacement and contraception. There are also iontophoretic and ultrasonic analgesia delivery systems that can be used. They provide several benefits compared to conventional oral medication, such as improved patient adherence, regulated drug delivery, and reduced side effects. The medication is typically contained within a matrix or reservoir within the patch, and is gradually released over a period of time. The patch may require periodic changes, typically every few days or weeks, depending on the specific medication and dosage. Transdermal patches have a broad range of applications, encompassing painkillers, hormones, and nicotine replacement therapy. They are widely regarded as safe and effective, with minimal side effects. It is important to carefully adhere to the instructions for use to avoid potential skin irritation or other issues.
Review on Favipiravir Application Uses and Adverse Effect During Covid-19
Authors: Sejal Kalra  , V. A. Sethi , A. K. Parashar
Published: January 2024

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has spurred an urgent search for effective antiviral medications. Favipiravir (FVP), an antiviral medicine, has emerged as a promising solution to halt the replication and spread of the virus within the human body. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the molecular mechanisms of FVP, exploring its ability to combat the coronavirus family, with SARS-CoV-2 as the primary focus. The coronavirus family, notorious for causing respiratory illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), poses a significant threat to global public health. FVP, known for its anti-viral properties, has garnered attention for its potential to address the COVID-19 crisis. This review meticulously examines the harmful effects associated with FVP, shedding light on its safety margins and the evolving understanding of its deteriorating state. Despite its popularity as a go-to anti-COVID-19 drug, it is crucial to understand the nuances surrounding FVP to optimize its usage and mitigate potential risks. As the world grapples with the ongoing pandemic, understanding the intricacies of FVP's efficacy and safety profile becomes paramount. This review aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding FVP, providing insights that are vital for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers in their collective efforts to combat the global health crisis.
Doktrin Qadar Dalam Islam: Memahami Dinamika antara Free Will dan Determinisme
Authors: Sa'diyah Futikatus , Sani Azwar
Published: January 2024

Dinamika antara kebebasan kehendak dan determinisme dalam doktrin Qadar dalam Islam memunculkan perdebatan panjang. Konsep Qadar mencakup elemen-elemen deterministik yang kuat, seperti ketetapan Allah, takdir, pengujian, dan pengetahuan Allah tentang masa depan Ini menciptakan keseimbangan unik antara determinisme dan kebebasan manusia dalam Islam. Pemikiran kontemporer tentang Qadar mencerminkan keragaman pandangan, termasuk perdebatan antara tradisionalis dan modernis, serta pertanyaan tentang sejauh mana determinisme mempengaruhi kebebasan manusia. Berbagai pendekatan interpretatif terhadap Qadar dalam Islam mencerminkan keragaman budaya, sosial, dan intelektual dalam dunia Muslim. Diskusi tentang kebebasan kehendak dan determinisme dalam konteks Qadar adalah isu yang kompleks dan mendalam dalam pemikiran Islam. Konsep Qadar mencakup elemen deterministik yang kuat, tetapi juga mengakui kebebasan manusia dalam membuat pilihan. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif yang mendalam dan berfokus pada analisis literatur. Sebagian besar data diperoleh dari karya-karya cendekiawan dan pemikir terkemuka yang membahas konsep Qadar dalam Islam. Penelitian ini dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research). Data sekunder juga diambil dari buku-buku kalam dan jurnal yang relevan. Pendekatan eksploratif-fenomenologis digunakan untuk mendalamkan pemahaman tentang konsep Qadar dalam konteks Islam.

Kata Kunci: Kebebasan Kehendak; Determinisme; Qadar; Islam.

The dynamics between free will and determinism in the doctrine of Qadar in Islam have sparked lengthy debates. The concept of Qadar encompasses strong deterministic elements, such as Allah's decree, destiny, testing, and Allah's knowledge of the future. This creates a unique balance between determinism and human freedom in Islam. Contemporary thinking on Qadar reflects a diversity of perspectives, including debates between traditionalists and modernists, as well as questions about the extent to which determinism influences human freedom. Various interpretative approaches to Qadar in Islam reflect cultural, social, and intellectual diversity within the Muslim world. Discussions about free will and determinism in the context of Qadar are complex and profound issues in Islamic thought. The concept of Qadar includes strong deterministic elements but also acknowledges human freedom in making choices. This research adopts a deep qualitative approach focusing on literature analysis. Most of the data are derived from the works of scholars and leading thinkers who discuss the concept of Qadar in Islam. This research can be classified as library research. Secondary data are also drawn from relevant philosophy books and journals. An exploratory-phenomenological approach is used to deepen the understanding of the concept of Qadar in the context of Islam.

Keywords: Free Will; Determinism; Qadar; Islam.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN MTS AL-ITTIHAD SAMBIK BANGKOL DALAM MENINGKATKAN JUMLAH PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Aisha Umul Rauhun
Published: January 2024

Madrasah sebagai mana umumnya adalah sebuah sekolah yang menerima siswa-siswi yang ingin bersekolah di tempat tersebut. Sebagaimana MTS Al-Ittihad ini juga menerima siswa-siswi lulusan Sekolah Dasar yang ingin melanjutkan pendidikannya. Sebuah madrasah juga akan di sebut sebagai madrasah bila mana memiliki gedung, pengajar dan siswa-siswi. Maka dari itu, demi mendapatkan siswa-siswi yang minat untuk memasuki sekolah tersebut dibutuhkan sebuah strategi agar para siswa-siswi memiliki keinginan untuk masuk sekolah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana madrasah tersebut dapat menarik perhatian para wali murid untuk menyekolahkan anak-anak mereka di sekolah tersebut. Dan juga bagaimana strategi sekolah untuk menarik minat siswa-siswi untuk bersekolah disana. Serta apa saja hambatan yang terdapat dalam pengembangan jumlah peserta didik di madrasah tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan metode kualitatif. Yang dimana dengan metode ini, penulis bermaksud untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis fenomena yang terjadi di sekolah ini secara lebih jelas dan terperinci. Dalam pengumpulan data juga menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian tentang strategi yang di gunakan sekolah ini dalam meningkatkan jumlah peserta didik terdapat 4 strategi, yakni a. Kerjasama antara guru, wali murid, dan peserta didik. b. Kerjasama antara tokoh agama masyarakat sekitar, komite sekolah, dan juga pemerintah. c. Menjalin hubungan kerjasama dengan kepala sekolah SD yang terdapat di sekitar Madrasah. d. Mengikuti kegiatan atau lomba-lomba yang diadakan di luar, sebagai pengenalan kepada dunia luar tentang madrasah ini. Adapun hambatan yang dihadapi sekolah ini yakni, a. Kurangnya fasilitas. b. Kurangnya pengakreditasian untuk lebih menarik minat peserta didik dan wali murid.
ANTIPLATELET MEDICATIONS IN HEMODIALYSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Giovani Calista , Monica Carissa Theodora , Priska Adelin Claudia
Published: January 2024

Background: Vascular access failure is a common complication seen among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Antiplatelet (AP) medications are often prescribed to help reduce thrombosis and increase vascular access patency. Studies on AP agents evaluating the bleeding risk for HD patients have produced inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate the utilization of AP medications among patients who undergo hemodialysis (HD). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies on AP medicaations used in HD therapy. 
Methods: This systematic review used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 as standards. Inclusion criteria for literature eligibility are full-text literature, written in english, and published between 2014 and 2024. Exclusion criteria used for this study were editorials, review articles and identical journal that has been published, and submissions without DOI. Literatures were collected from online reference sources like Pubmed and SagePub.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 23 articles, whereas the results of our search on SagePub brought up 19 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 9 articles for PubMed and 5 articles for SagePub. In the end, we compiled a total of 5 papers, 4 of which came from PubMed and 1 of which came from SagePub. We included five research that met the criteria.
Conclusion:  AP medications are given in HD patients with high cardiovascular commorbidities to increase vascular patency and prevent thrombosis. Aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors (PI) such as clopidogrel are commonly used. AP medications might cause shortened longevity of AV access for HD patients. The benefits of AP therapy for cardiovascular protection needs to be evaluated along with its possible effect on AVG outcomes.
PETROL FİYATINDAKİ DALGALANMALARIN EKONOMİK KALKINMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: PETROL İHRAÇ EDEN ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: Akdağ İlham
Published: January 2024

Petrol, günümüzde petrol ithal ve ihraç eden ülkeler için hala önemini korumakla birlikte petrol fiyatlarındaki dalgalanmalar tüm ülkeleri yakından etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, petrol fiyatlarındaki dalgalanmaların petrol ihraç eden Arap ülkelerinin ekonomik kalkınması üzerindeki etkilerini panel veri analizi yöntemiyle araştırmaktır. Çalışmada 1999-2020 yılları dönemini kapsayan yıllık veriler kullanılarak petrol ihraç eden 12 Arap ülkesi (Bahreyn, Kuveyt, Ürdün, Umman, Katar, Suudi Arabistan, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, Irak, Libya, Yemen, Mısır, Tunus) üzerinde araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, öncelikle verilerin doğal logaritması alınarak panel durağanlık testi yapılmıştır. Sonrasında Panel Regresyon Tahmin Yöntemi (PDOLS) ve VAR Granger Nedensellik Testi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre değişkenler arasında eş bütünleşme ilişkisi bulunmuş ve aynı zamanda kısa ve uzun dönemli ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Petrol fiyatının kişi başına düşen GSYİH, beklenen yaşam suresi ve okuma yazma oranın bir nedeni olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmadan elde edilen önemli bir sonuç ise petrol fiyatı ile ekonomik kalkınma arasındaki ilişkinin “kişi başı reel GSYİH” ile “petrol fiyatı” arasında olmasıdır. Yani petrol fiyatındaki dalgalanma, bu ülkelerde yaşayan insanların gelirlerini doğrudan etkilemektedir.
Pengaruh Media Dan Penanganan Benih Terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Nyamplung (Calopyllum Inophylum)
Authors: Suryawan Ady Suryawan
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media (topsoil dan cocopeat) dan perlakuan pada benih (kontrol,perendaman, peretakan cangkang dan pengupasan cangkang) terhadap pertumbuhan benih nyamplung dari PulauTalise hingga umur 3 bulan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan parameter pengamatan tinggi,diameter, kekokohan semai, dan indeks mutu bibit.  Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa karakter pertumbuhannyamplung dipengaruhi oleh media dan penanganan benih. Media cocopeat akan meningkatkan viabilitas namunmenurunkan tingkat pertumbuhan, sehingga diperlukan penyapihan dengan media yang lebih subur saat penyapihan.Penanganan benih dengan pengupasan cangkang memiliki pengaruh paling baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitasbibit. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, pembibitan nyamplung diperlukan bedeng tabur skarifikasi dengan media cocopeatdan perlakuan pengupasan cangkang sebelum di sapih.
PROSLAVA DESETOGODIŠNJICE ZASJEDANJA AVNOJ-a I ZAVNOBiH-a
Authors: Katz Vera
Published: January 2024

U članku se nakon kratkog uvoda o datumima i odlukama Drugog zasjedanja AVNOJ-a održanog u Jajcu 1943. i Prvog zasjedanja ZAVNOBiH-a u Mrkonjić Gradu, 1943., analizira proslava povodom desetogodišnjice njihovog održavanja. U kontekstu političkih, ekonomskih i društvenih okolnosti u Jugoslaviji i Bosni i Hercegovini novembra 1953., prezentirane su tekovine tih događaja koji su utemeljili Jugoslaviju poslije Drugog svjetskog rata i Bosnu i Hercegovinu kao ravnopravnu jedinicu u federaciji šest jugoslavenskih republika. Na osnovi govora političara i izvješća novinara, objavljenih u dnevnom listu Oslobođenje, u članku su prezentirana politička mišljenja, sjećanja visokopozicioniranih jugoslavenskih i republičkih političara te praznična atmosfera tijekom održavanja brojnih svečanosti i susreta. Na poseban način je proslavu uveličao dolazak predsjednika FNRJ Josipa Broza Tita u pratnji članova savezne vlade.
DRUGO ZASEDANJE AVNOJ-A U SOCIJALISTIČKIM I POSTSOCIJALISTIČKIM UDŽBENICIMA U SRBIJI: RAZLIČITI NARATIVI RAZLIČITIH DRŽAVA
Authors: Lalić Đorđe
Published: January 2024

Cilj ovog rada je analiza novih narativa i drugačijeg pogleda na Drugo zasedanje AVNOJ-a u postsocijalističkim udžbenicima u odnosu na udžbenike iz perioda socijalizma. Za pisanje ovog rada korišćeni su udžbenici za osnovne i srednje škole u Srbiji. U radu se analizira nekoliko ključnih pitanja koja se potpuno drugačije obrađuju u socijalističkim i postsocijalističkim udžbenicima. Analizirano je koliko je mesta u udžbenicima posvećeno temi AVNOJ-a i kakav odnos udžbenici imaju prema ovom događaju. Takođe, analizirano je i pitanje porekla delegata koji su prisustvovali zasedanju, pisanje udžbenika o Svetosavskom kongresu u selu Ba, kao i pitanje priznanja novih narodnosti.
POSTSOCIJALISTIČKI CRNOGORSKI UDŽBENICI O DRUGOM ZASIJEDANJU AVNOJ-A U JAJCU
Authors: Kuzman Filip
Published: January 2024

Rad se bavi analziom crnogorskih udžbenika i njihovom viđenju Drugog zasijedanja AVNOJ-a u Jajcu. Fokus je stavljen na postsocijalističke udžbenike koji su izlazili od 1993. do 2023. godine. Analizirani su samo srednjoškolski udžbenici, budući da ih je više nego udžbenika za osnovnu školu. Cilj rada je da se kroz analizu teksta vidi da li je pogled na Drugo zasijedanje AVNOJ-a mijenjan tokom vremena.
SLOVENAČKI PUT KA AVNOJ-u. Od nastanka Oslobodilačkog fronta do prisustva na drugom zasjedanju AVNOJ-a
Authors: Mikša Peter
Published: January 2024

Slovenačku teritoriju su ubrzo nakon okupacije Jugoslavije podijelile sve četiri susjedne države: Njemačka, Italija, Mađarska i Nezavisna država Hrvatska. Uprkos veoma kritičnoj situaciji za Slovence, u kojoj su bili međusobno podijeljeni, sa više od 600 kilometara okupacionih granica, još u aprilu je došlo do organiziranog otpora i osnivanja zajedničke organizacije otpora – Oslobodilačkog fronta slovenačkog naroda. On je zacrtao i organizirao otpor protiv okupatora i povezao se sa jugoslovenskim narodnooslobodilačkim pokretom. Članak prikazuje put organiziranja otpora u Sloveniji do ključnog momenta – uključenja, odnosno potvrde rješenja drugog zasjedanja AVNOJ-a krajem 1943. godine.
El Códice Martínez Compañón como portador de epistemologías patrióticas andinas
Authors: García Sudo Alejandro
Published: January 2024

El obispo de Trujillo dejó un testimonio gráfico de su visita pastoral a las provincias serranas del norte del virreinato peruano en el llamado Códice Martínez Compañón (1782-1785). Las partituras contenidas en ese documento son una fuente primaria indispensable para aquellos interesados en las músicas vernáculas del mundo andino. De hecho, algunas tonadas y bailes del Códice son, para muchos, evidencia de una historia de mestizaje cultural y de supervivencia de músicas prehispánicas. Otros añaden que la hibridez estilística de esa música podría interpretarse como un espacio de resistencia o contracultura indígena. En este trabajo se argumenta que las posturas anteriores pecan de miopía y se ofrece un tercer derrotero menos frecuentado. La tesis central es que la música del Códice pudo haberse originado como una expresión de orgullo local o patriota que fue avalada por las autoridades de los pueblos que acogieron al obispo. Dichas autoridades andinas movilizaron símbolos y rituales aristocráticos para reclamar legitimidad en una época de incertidumbre política. Se sugiere que Martínez Compañón y varios caciques colaboraron en tal proyecto compartido y que la música del Códice expresaba anhelos de perpetuar antiguas formas de gobierno colonial, no de destituirlas.
ANALISIS NILAI KARAKTER DALAM SEJARAH WAYANG BEBER WONOSARI, KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL, PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Finna Wijayanti
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji nilai karakter dalam sejarah Wayang Beber Wonosari. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis kajian pustaka yang menggali serta menganalisis data berupa literatur, dokumen, buku, majalah, serta kisah sejarah yang memiliki relevansi dengan topik kajian. Analisis data dilakukan melalui analisis isi secara mendalam dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1) analisis nilai karakter dalam sejarah Wayang Beber Wonosari meliputi nilai karakter kejujuran, tanggung jawab, religius, dan disiplin, (2) nilai kejujuran dan tanggung jawab muncul dari pertunjukan Wayang Beber Wonosari yang digunakan untuk hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan pertanian dan tanaman sebagai wujud pengingat bagi masyarakat dalam menjaga alam untuk keselamatan hidup, nilai religius terlihat dari Wayang Beber Wonosari sebagai pertunjukan yang digunakan untuk peringatan suatu peristiwa penting dalam kehidupan manusia sebagai bentuk rasa syukur atas karunia Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, nilai disiplin terlihat dalam pertunjukan wayang untuk ngluwari ujar, kaul, dan syukuran. Sebagai ngluwari ujar adalah Wayang Beber dipagelarkan untuk menepati janji yang telah diucapkan sebelumnya, (3) analisis nilai karakter dalam Sejarah Wayang Beber Wonosari dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan dalam proses transfer nilai kepada masyarakat melalui budaya yang tumbuh dikalangan masyarakat itu sendiri.
KEBIJAKAN POLITIK LUAR NEGERI KONFRONTATIF INDONESIA MASA DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN
Authors: Metrahultikultura
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji kebijakan politik luar negeri Indonesia masa Demokrasi Terpimpin. Kebijakan politik luar negeri Indonesia saat itu bersifat konfrontatif. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis apakah kebijakan politik luar negeri Indonesia pada masa Demokrasi Terpimpin merupakan faktor penggunaan power dalam melakukan hubungan Internasional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research dengan pendekatan realisme. Sumber data yang digunakan berupa buku teori realism dalam hubungan Internasional, dokumen departemen luar negeri Indonesia dan artikel serta jurnal terkait kebijakan politik luar negeri Indonesia pada masa Demokrasi Terpimpin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arah politik luar negeri Indonesia adalah politik bebas aktif. Kebijakan-kebijakan yang dilakukan bersifat konfrontatif dan konflik tidak dapat dihindarkan. Tindakan yang dilakukan Indonesia menimbulkan ketersediaanya untuk membentuk aliansi seperti gerakan non-blok maupun nefos dengan tujuan melawan imperialism dan kolonialisme. Meskipun demikian, Indonesia semakin dikucilkan dari hubungan Internasional apalagi ketika memutuskan keluar dari keanggotaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa
“In Women’s Hands”
Authors: Sørensen Victoria E. Pihl
Published: January 2024

Eugenics had popular appeal and expressions in early 20th-century Denmark. This article tells two stories of what eugenics looked like ‘in the hands’ of bourgeois Danish women as they promoted ‘racial hygiene’ through cultural production. The first story highlights the eugenic feminism of nationally acclaimed women’s rights advocate Thit Jensen through a reading of her play The Stork (1929). The second tells of the Copenhagen Housewife Association’s engagement with new media technology and race science through their eugenics radio Listener Group (1934). Read through a lens that pays especially close attention to race and class, I argue that this work identifies them as significant proponents of eugenic ideology and as contributors to the targeting of the poor and working class in the name of ‘racial hygiene’ – a decidedly racist project.
Economic Development and Canada’s Gateways: A Tale of Two Regional Development Agencies
Authors: Elsibai Khadeja , Montsion Jean Michel , De Fuentes Claudia , Hall Peter V. , Brunelle Dorval
Published: January 2024

The Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency (ACOA) and Western Economic Diversification Canada (WD) are regional development agencies (RDAs) created to forge links between federal economic development priorities and local interests. RDAs in Canada follow a pro-trade agenda in support of local economic growth, but their strategies were adjusted in the 1990s to a new regionalism mindset, which emphasizes decentralized and collaborative leadership. In this article, we examine how both agencies responded, respectively, to the 2007 federal designation of an Atlantic Gateway on the East Coast, and an Asia Pacific Gateway on the West Coast. We combine a content analysis of each RDA’s yearly reports from 2007 to 2020, with a network analysis of their involvement in gateway projects funded by the federal government during this period. The combined analyses show the centrality of ACOA in gateway initiatives in Atlantic Canada, and the peripheral role of WD in Asia Pacific gateway initiatives.
Efficience et attractivité des ports de croisière de la Méditerranée : l’apport du patrimoine culturel et naturel
Authors: Lefrang Sébastien , Figueiredo de Oliveira Gabriel
Published: January 2024

Cet article étudie la relation entre les aménités territoriales en mettant l’accent sur la dotation en patrimoine culturel et naturel, mais aussi sur le score d’efficience technique de 87 ports de croisière du bassin méditerranéen. Le tout, en ayant pour objectif de fournir une définition empirique de l’arrière-pays touristique des ports. Pour ce faire, une analyse en deux étapes a été réalisée, combinant une approche non paramétrique d’analyse par enveloppement des données (DEA) et une régression bootstrap tronquée. Les résultats de la première révèlent que, sur la totalité des ports de l’échantillon étudié, seulement cinq sont efficients. Puis lors de la seconde étape, les résultats montrent que la dotation patrimoniale, tant culturelle que naturelle, a un impact positif sur l’efficience technique des ports de croisière, avec un effet plus diffus sur le territoire pour les monuments culturels que pour les réserves naturelles. Le patrimoine culturel inscrit sur la liste de l’Unesco situé jusqu’à 60 kilomètres affecte les ports contre 20 kilomètres pour le patrimoine naturel. Ces résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension du secteur et peuvent aider les décideurs dans leur stratégie de développement.
Family Ties as Political Attachments
Authors: Manning Kimberley Ens
Published: January 2024

This chapter looks into the notion of family ties as political attachments. It highlights how family ties played a central role in the emergence of the modern political imagination. Moreover, family ties congeal through the emotional highs and lows that political engagement produces and that become knowable to the self. Analyzing family ties as political attachments showcases the complex fabric of family ties that constitute the social movements, political networks, advocacy coalitions, and gendered forms of care work significant for state formation and state capacity. The chapter introduces the four primary states of activism that informed midcentury state formation before considering the states of activism within revolutionary China.
The Chongqing Coalition
Authors: Manning Kimberley Ens
Published: January 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the Chongqing Coalition. In China, women officials built on their friendship and professional and family ties to interlock mass organizations, parties, and the state in a new policy apparatus, which then established a maternalist social policy regime. Moreover, pre-1949 women's mobilizations and networks shaped the discursive and organizational features of Maoist-era social policy reform and the state institutions. Thus, the senior Chinese Communist Party leadership also believed that women-as-mothers had a historic role to play in shaping the new polity. The chapter elaborates on how the Chongqing Coalition established the maternalist social policy regime which became the key to the social policy apparatus of the early People's Republic of China.
The Long March to Yan’an
Authors: Manning Kimberley Ens
Published: January 2024

This chapter tackles the rise of Woman Warrior and Loyal Soldier states of activism. The sacrifices made by women on the Long March to Yan'an reinforced and transformed the heroic model of the Woman Warrior that predated the Chinese Communist Party. The chapter explains how Kang Keqing's struggle to be free from the restraints of motherhood and work reflects the revolutionary field in which her activism materialized. It cites how the Rectification Movement criticized past practices of the women's movement, such as rights-based advocacy. Meanwhile, Cai Chang's efforts to proscribe independent women's organizing contributed to a political climate in which familial relations decisively shaped the possibilities for and enactment of rural women's activism.
Maternal Bodies
Authors: Manning Kimberley Ens
Published: January 2024

This chapter considers the consequences of implementing maternalist reform in a countryside that had been devastated by war and was still at war during the formative first years of the People's Republic of China. As the decade unfolded, the Chinese Communist Party began to increasingly rely on women to play the chief role in maintaining basic family welfare in the countryside. The chapter explains how the maternalist social policy regime played a central role in strengthening the state's capacity to manage its population. The success of the regime allowed a minority of women to control whether they became pregnant and the conditions under which they birthed. The chapter also looks into the relationship between China's healthcare conditions and its productive capacities.
Monasticism
Authors: Caby Cécile
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the emergence of monasticism. It explains that the sporadic raids of the Hungarians and the Saracens precipitated a crisis, which struck right at the very function of monasticism within society at the end of the ninth century. The crisis involved a rapid redefinition of the status of monastic establishments in relation to new territorial law powers or territorial religious powers. Monastic reforms were almost always tied to the personal initiative of certain monks or abbeys, and strongly connected to the local aristocracy. The chapter explains that fascination for solitude and asceticism was the cause of the foundation of new monastic branches.
Lay Confraternities
Authors: Gazzini Marina
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the implications and significance of joining lay confraternities. It defines confraternities as a group variously composed of the laity and clerics, men and women, associated in cities and the countryside for purposes like religious edification and devotional solidarity. The Middle Ages was a golden age for the development of associationism, wherein being part of an association meant entering into a context that protected and conferred an accepted and recognized identity. The chapter cites that the interpretation of specific Italian confraternities depends on the variable of geographical location. Secular and ecclesiastical authorities used lay associations to support projects of social or anti-heretical intervention while simultaneously looking out for the possibility of an adverse effect on the existing order.
Introduction
Authors: Earle Thomas Blake
Published: January 2024

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the centrality of fisheries in US politics during the first century of the United States' existence. Cod fishing in places like the Bay of Fundy, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the Grand Banks operated as a central facet of US statecraft for much of the nineteenth century. Indeed, the phrase “fisheries issue” serves as shorthand for the series of questions that surrounded US commercial fishing in the North Atlantic. Internationally, the question was one of who could fish where, while domestically, the central question concerned the degree to which the US state would support the fishing industry both politically and economically. How the federal state addressed those questions shows the extent to which the state could and did use its power. From the American Revolution through the Civil War, the fisheries were a central concern in Anglo-American relations, tacking with the ups and downs, the cooperation and confrontation that defined the United States' most important foreign relationship.
The Limits of Peace
Authors: Earle Thomas Blake
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses how American fishermen became diplomatic actors in the era of the War of 1812. In the aftermath of war, it was apparent that the recent round of hostilities had done little to pacify Anglo-American relations. Nowhere was this more evident than with respect to the fisheries. Great Britain insisted the war had abrogated the US liberty to fish those waters. US fishermen, realizing that such a diplomatic decision directly threatened their livelihoods, continued to fish, risking capture by the British navy. During the summers of 1816 and 1817, scores of US fishermen were detained. With each boatload of US citizens taken by the British navy, diplomats moved with greater and greater urgency to address the situation. This action culminated with the Convention of 1818, yet this landmark treaty would have never been had fishermen not consciously made decisions that brought diplomats to the bargaining table.
Abandoning the Fishermen and Embracing the British
Authors: Earle Thomas Blake
Published: January 2024

This chapter addresses two important events that signaled the continued shift of the fisheries in the US political economy: the creation of the United States Fish Commission (USFC) in 1871 and the Halifax Fisheries Commission in 1877. Headed by a respected naturalist, Spencer Fullerton Baird, the USFC represented the professionalization of fisheries science. Where once fishermen claimed a seat at the table based on intimate and everyday contact with the ocean, now scientists commanded intellectual authority, bolstered by data, statistics, and knowledge enshrined in the printed canon. This transition from vernacular to literary knowledge had important political ramifications. When Anglo-American diplomats finally met in Halifax in 1877 to hammer out what the United States owed Great Britain for the use of inshore waters, it was not the testimony and evidence of fishermen that formed the basis of the US case. Instead, US diplomats called on “expert witnesses” in the form of agents from the USFC. By privileging knowledge gleaned from professionalized science over knowledge earned through physical labor, Anglo-American elites removed fishermen from the diplomatic process.
Introduction
Authors: Schwabe Siri
Published: January 2024

This chapter talks about moving and being moved by memory and about how acts of remembrance can both construct and dismantle barriers brought on by experiences of presence and absence, proximity, and distance. The chapter provides a background on paradoxes that point to ongoing negotiations of memory within, across, and beyond both physical and imagined boundaries that echo wider dynamics of how humans relate to pasts and futures. It also employs the concept of memory in movement within and between people and spaces. The chapter uses the term moving as both a verb and an adjective to denote both the mobile and affective aspects of remembrance and the interconnections between these. It approaches the phenomenon of moving memory from a number of different angles in order to understand mobile and affective aspects.
Together Apart
Authors: Schwabe Siri
Published: January 2024

This chapter traces the Palestinian presence in Santiago, from the earliest days of immigration to current-day notions and practices of being Palestinian in Chile. It locates Palestinian Chilean practices and institutions within the field of tension between the still-unfolding Israeli occupation of Palestine and the continuing state of Chilean postdictatorship. It also considers the fault lines that exist within and beyond what might be considered the Palestinian establishment in Santiago and begins to draw out the texture of moving memory. The chapter shows that boundary-making has a long and intricate history as a constituting factor in the Palestinian establishment in Santiago. It argues that understandings of familial and communal heritage play a significant role in shaping a shared politics that centers on moving memory and the boundaries that are put up around it.
Staging the Past
Authors: Schwabe Siri
Published: January 2024

This chapter carves out the minutiae and vicissitudes of Palestinian Chilean remembrance and its inherent tensions as they play out within Chilean and Palestinian realms of memory politics. It opens an investigation into the affective aspects of moving memory by considering how remembrance moves people to take political action or refrain from doing so. It also argues a wavering between remembrance and oblivion that has come to characterize much of Palestinian Chilean social life within the mnemonic field of tension between the Chilean and the Palestinian. The chapter looks at a field of tension that is subject to constant flows of stories and people through always permeable geographical and sociopolitical boundaries and that itself remains in flux. It explores how Palestine and Chile have seen decades of tumultuous encounters with and over the politics of memory.
Where Memory Moves
Authors: Schwabe Siri
Published: January 2024

This chapter interrogates the tensions inherent in Palestine's mnemonic landscape and scrutinizes the relationships between memory, oblivion, and place making. It argues that Club Palestino continues to evolve as a node in the built environment of postdictatorship Santiago. It also explains how Club Palestino constantly undergoes negotiation as a site of both remembrance and oblivion and a spatial extension of wider struggles with and for memory. The chapter highlights how the bundles of practices and materializations of memory that constitute it sometimes clash with and challenge each other. It treats Club Palestino and the activities that take place within it as a bundle that adds to the texture of the wider mnemonic landscape in Santiago.
Producing Consumption Space
Authors: Friedman Michael T.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the physical and symbolic environments of shopping malls, theme parks, and urban entertainment districts (UEDs). It looks at the evolution of consumption and the broader landscapes in which they are constituent parts in response to consumer demand for goods, services, and experiences. It also discusses the processes of rationalization and reenchantment in order to explore the history, development, and principles of shopping mall, theme park, and UED design. The chapter reviews the underlying design principles of consumption spaces, which offer highly rationalized and varied consumption opportunities within environments rich with meaningful symbolic elements. It provides essential context to understand the spatial practices and conceptions of mallparks.
Grounds, Ballparks, and Superstadiums
Authors: Friedman Michael T.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the development of spatial practices in terms of consumption amenities, aesthetic environment, and position within the urban landscape over the three generations of baseball stadiums before the mallpark. It traces the varied architecture, quirky features, and the events hosted over a half-century that idealized ballparks as the proper sites for watching baseball. It also recounts the replacement of ballparks by superstadiums in the 1950s due to aging structures, geographical changes, and new form of urban governance. The chapter highlights generic designs, poor sightlines, lack of intimacy with the game, and isolation from the surrounding urban fabric that alienated fans, causing superstadiums to age poorly. It examines the transition to the mallpark that expressed changes in consumer demands, aesthetic trends, and urban development and governance.
The Spatial Practices of the Mallpark
Authors: Friedman Michael T.
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the ways in which contemporary baseball stadiums are highly efficient spaces for consumption, immerse consumers within themed environments, and exist within broader urban landscapes. It explains how mallparks offer diverse, price-differentiated experiences for consumers that go well beyond the capabilities of previous stadium generations. It also illustrates upscale amenities, multiple dining and shopping options, and various recreational offerings presented within sophisticated thematic environments that call upon historical and cultural memories about baseball and are essential parts of the mallpark experience. The chapter explores thematic elements that include embedding mallparks within the local context as civic leaders use baseball stadiums as key sites for urban regeneration efforts. It also investigates how the spatial practices of mallparks are rooted in baseball's urban history and the design principles of shopping centers and theme parks.
Camden Yards
Authors: Friedman Michael T.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the conception of Camden Yards as designers worked together to produce Major League Baseball's first retro stadium by merging a thematic environment with a highly rationalized, consumption-oriented structure. The chapter covers the Baltimore Orioles, Maryland Stadium Authority, and HOK Sport. It also focuses on how designers attempted to incorporate Camden Yards physically into the surrounding urban landscape and symbolically into Baltimore's tourist-oriented redevelopment strategy. The chapter highlights how designers imagine what a space could be and do, render abstract notions into visual forms, and concretize them into the built environment. It examines the architectural and planning practices conceiving mallparks.
Truist Park
Authors: Friedman Michael T.
Published: January 2024

This chapter investigates the future of baseball stadium design by focusing on the conceptions of space and spatial practices found in Atlanta's Truist Park and The Battery Atlanta multiuse development. It recounts how Truist Park has achieved distinctions by being the first stadium to replace a mallpark. It also mentions New York Times architectural critic Paul Goldberger, who argues that Truist Park and The Battery Atlanta blur the distinction between the real city and the artifice of the ballpark. The chapter highlights the $1.1 billion mixed-use development of The Battery Atlanta, which features high-end retail stores, chef-driven restaurants, a four-thousand-person-capacity theater, a sixteen-floor hotel, 550 residential units, and a nine-story office building. It talks about how Truist Park and The Battery Atlanta portend a new generation of baseball stadium design, noting the mallparks that became economically obsolete.
Making Baseball Great Again
Authors: Friedman Michael T.
Published: January 2024

This chapter takes a broad view of mallpark development and offers thoughts about the future of baseball stadium design and usage. It recognizes that the same cultural trends underpinning the nostalgic appeal of retro stadium designs that are implicated within the political rise of Donald Trump. It also speculates what baseball stadiums could become if sports leagues and stadium design in the future are shaped by different, more inclusive principles related to Henri Lefebvre's “Right to the City.” The chapter discusses how the “Right to the Stadium” prioritize a person's commitment to the team over their ability to pay and reimagine the relationships between stadiums and their surrounding communities. It considers how the ballparks of early twentieth-century America are celebrated within mallparks as spaces that produced, reproduced, and celebrated inequities.
Introduction
Authors: Desai Adhaar Noor
Published: January 2024

This introductory chapter explains that experiences of discomposition might become integral to the pedagogy of early modern English literature. It highlights the importance of experiences of discomposition, which were fundamental to how early modern writers understood the practice of poesy. In the modern times, literature courses, especially courses organized around historical periods, are often constrained by tacit or explicit imperatives to cover content while quietly assenting to marginalization. The chapter considers the demand for a shift in the classroom's formal treatment of the study of writing. It elaborates on poesy as critical pedagogy while considering the disciplinary field of William Shakespeare.
Invention
Authors: Desai Adhaar Noor
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores poetry by situating experiences of hesitation at the intersection of poetic thinking and rhetorical argument. Similar to critical thinking, poetic invention stems from the moments when technical knowledge yields uncertainty. The chapter presents Philip Sidney's work called Astrophil and Stella, which highlights the writer being part of the generation of shame. By recognizing the inherent shamefulness and triviality of their poetic endeavors, these poets foregrounded how the shameful and trivial may be understood not as hindrances to thought but as enablers of it. The chapter considers ways in which the early modern literature classroom may help students grow comfortable with experiences of self-doubt.
Editing
Authors: Desai Adhaar Noor
Published: January 2024

This chapter explains that Lady Anne Southwell's poetry demonstrated how the process of editing might serve as a model for critical engagement. Additionally, the model is aligned with Kathleen Fitzpatrick's framework. The complicated provenance and frequent illegibility of Southwell's manuscript poems elucidate how early modern poetic composition before publication must be understood in terms beyond originality and ownership. Thus, the editing process allows the authors' texts to be brought into alignment with perspectives other than their own. The chapter clarifies that the work of Southwell supports poetic writing instead of poesy, so it embraces representations of authorship rooted in collaboration, resonance, and a culture of editing.