bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Patient-Facing Visualizations of Personal Health Data
Authors: Turchioe Meghan Reading , Myers Annie , Isaac Samuel , Baik Dawon , Grossman Lisa V. , Ancker Jessica S. , Creber Ruth Masterson
Published: October 2019

Objectives As personal health data are being returned to patients with increasing frequency and volume, visualizations are garnering excitement for their potential to facilitate patient interpretation. Evaluating these visualizations is important to ensure that patients are able to understand and, when appropriate, act upon health data in a safe and effective manner. The objective of this systematic review was to review and evaluate the state of the science of patient-facing visualizations of personal health data.

Methods We searched five scholarly databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ACM Digital Library [Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library], and IEEE Computational Index [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computational Index]) through December 1, 2018 for relevant articles. We included English-language articles that developed or tested one or more patient-facing visualizations for personal health data. Three reviewers independently assessed quality of included articles using the Mixed methods Appraisal Tool. Characteristics of included articles and visualizations were extracted and synthesized.

Results In 39 articles included in the review, there was heterogeneity in the sample sizes and methods for evaluation but not sample demographics. Few articles measured health literacy, numeracy, or graph literacy. Line graphs were the most common visualization, especially for longitudinal data, but number lines were used more frequently in included articles over past 5 years. Article findings suggested more patients understand the number lines and bar graphs compared with line graphs, and that color is effective at communicating risk, improving comprehension, and increasing confidence in interpretation.

Conclusion In this review, we summarize types and components of patient-facing visualizations and methodologies for development and evaluation in the reviewed articles. We also identify recommendations for future work relating to collecting and reporting data, examining clinically actionable boundaries for diverse data types, and leveraging data science. This work will be critically important as patient access of their personal health data through portals and mobile devices continues to rise.
Spontaneous Acute Subdural Hematoma: Beware of the Aneurysm
Authors: Beucler Nathan , Haikal Christelle , Hibbert David , Sellier Aurore , Joubert Christophe , Desse Nicolas , Dagain Arnaud
Published: October 2019

Spontaneous acute subdural hematoma should raise clinical suspicion for underlying pathology, the most common etiology being a ruptured aneurysm. Through this case report, our team developed a clinical decision-making tool to help physicians decide when it is necessary to order an acute subdural hematoma to assess for ruptured aneurysm.
Postoperative Lumbar Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis: An Institutional Review
Authors: Jain Mantu , Sahu Rabi Narayan , Gantaguru Amrit , Das Sudhanshu Sekhar , Tripathy Sujit Kumar , Pattnaik Ashish
Published: October 2019

Background  Postoperative discitis (POD) remains a dreaded complication in the present era of asepsis. The treatment has been traditionally conservative, but the safety of spinal implants in infective settings has prompted the surgeons to provide rigid immobilization for promoting healing. A major concern in a country like ours is huge patient inflow and long waiting list added to the woe of patient's refusal for a second operative intervention after a first undesirable outcome.

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of conservative management of POD and determine the methods of prevention.

Settings and Design  A retrospective case study series in a tertiary-level hospital.

Materials and Methods  Between January 2015 and 2017, 12 cases of POD (10 own and 2 referred) were managed and followed up clinically, radiologically, and with laboratory investigation. Two cases were managed surgically—one with kyphotic deformity and the other with discharging pus. Rest were managed conservatively with analgesics and intravenously followed by oral antibiotics. At 1-year follow-up, patient satisfaction was evaluated using the MacNab outcome assessment.

Statistical Analysis  The descriptive data were analyzed mainly by descriptive statistics using mean, median, standard deviation, and interquartile range.

Results  Mean follow-up in our series was 15.2 months. Except for two operated cases, we did not go for the invasive procedure for isolation of organism in any of our cases. The total duration of antibiotic in our series was for the mean of 7.3 weeks. Visual analog scale score returned from8 initially to baseline and at final follow-up—4 excellent, 6 good, and 2 had fair outcome. There was no adverse outcome.

Conclusions  The majority of POD can be managed conservatively. Surgery is reserved only for special cases. Magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice for diagnosing discitis. Intraoperative use of gentamicin-mixed normal saline wash reduces the incidence of discitis.
Application of Boltzmann's transfer equation to nonlinear propagation of a plane polarized monochromatic EM wave in ionospheric plasma
Authors: Sodha Mahendra Singh , Agarwal Sujeet Kumar
Published: October 2019

The ionospheric plasma (mainly D and E layers) has been modeled as a slightly ionized plasma, with highly dominant scattering of electrons by N2 and O2 molecules. Scattering by elastic collisions and inelastic collisions with rotational excitation of molecules has been considered on the basis of the measured scattering parameter δ≠2m/M as a function of electron speed. The assumptions in this paper are valid when the collision frequency ν is much larger than the gyro-frequency ωh; this is true for many situations in the D layer and is of academic interest for the E-layer; the present formulation is valid in all the cases when the magnetic field is along the electric vector of the wave. In this paper, the nonlinear propagation parameters of a plane polarized monochromatic electromagnetic wave in the plasma have been obtained by substituting the appropriate expression for the current density J, as a function of E, the electric field of the wave. J is of course obtained using the solution of the corresponding Boltzmann transfer equation. The analysis is limited by ν≫ωh. There are many books and reviews available on nonlinear propagation in plasma. The applications of such studies start from demodulation, cross-modulation, phase modulation, etc., in the ionosphere.
Temperature dependence of twinning stress in Ni49.5Mn38.4Sn12.2 single crystal
Authors: Czaja P. , Chulist R. , Nalepka K. , Tokarski T. , Chumlyakov Y. I. , Maziarz W.
Published: October 2019

Temperature dependence of twinning stress associated with type I twin boundaries in the Ni49.5Mn38.4Sn12.2 single crystal has been measured. At room temperature, the twinning stress amounts to 16.6 MPa, exceeding the typical values observed in the archetypical Ni-Mn-Ga alloys; nonetheless, it shows a remarkable sensitivity to temperature decreasing with a slope of 0.2498 MPa/K. This is a level of magnitude more than in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys. The remarkable sensitivity of twinning stress to temperature is primarily associated with the evolution of lattice parameters during heating. The type II twin boundaries in the same single crystal are activated at the twinning stress of 3.4 MPa, roughly one fifth of the twinning stress recorded for the type I twin boundaries. It is demonstrated that by careful compositional adjustments and thermomechanical training, it may be feasible to exercise magnetic field-induced strain due to twin variant rearrangement outside the Ni-Mn-Ga system.
Defect states of organic lead halide single crystals grown by inverse-temperature crystallization
Authors: Vu Thi Kim Oanh , Lee Dong Uk , Lee Kyoung Su , Park Dae Young , Jeong Mun Seok , Kim Eun Kyu
Published: October 2019

We investigated the defect states of organic lead halide (CH3NH3PbX3: CH3NH3+) methylammonium (MA; X = Br− and I−) by using optical pulse-induced conductance transient spectroscopy. Organic lead halide single crystals having a bandgap ranging from 2.16 to 1.45 eV were grown by inverse temperature crystallization. The shallow trap energy level of MAPbBr2.5I0.5 was Ev + 0.06 eV. The deep level traps of MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 were Ev + 1.24 and Ev + 0.84 eV, respectively. The deep level traps of organic lead halide may have decreased the reactivity between iodide and bromide ions in the crystal lattice. Varying the ratio of halides in the perovskite can change the defect species in the crystals and can increase the photoconversion efficiency by decreasing the density of deep level traps.
Oxide shell layer influences on size-dependent tensile and compressive mechanical properties of iron nanowires: A ReaxFF molecular dynamics study
Authors: Aral Gurcan
Published: October 2019

The systematic understanding of an overall deformation mechanism of metallic iron (Fe) nanowires (NWs) with the pre-existing oxide shell layer (Fe/FexOy) under various mechanical loading conditions is of critical importance for their various applications. Herein, we perform molecular dynamics simulations using ReaxFF reactive interatomic potential to systematically investigate the effect of the pre-existing oxide shell layer on the underlying intrinsic mechanical deformation mechanism and related mechanical properties of metallic [001]-oriented Fe NWs under both uniaxial tension and compressive loading. Three different diameters of the NWs are investigated to elucidate the size effect. The Fe NWs with the preoxide shell layer possess unique and intriguing mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms. In particular, the oxide shell layer with the combined effect of the diameter and the applied uniaxial loading mode dictates the strength and the overall stress-strain behaviors of the NWs. Interestingly, the oxide-coated NWs clearly exhibit the diameter-dependent elastic deformation intrinsic mechanism and related properties as compared to the pristine counterparts. Specifically, the pre-existing oxide shell layer expedites the onset of tensile plasticity by drastically reducing the tensile yield stress and significantly decreasing the tensile elastic limit. Contrary to the tensile loading, the presence of the oxide shell layer reduces or increases the compressive yield stress of the pristine Fe NW with respect to its diameter. However, the pre-existing oxide shell layer leads to a significantly delayed onset of compressive plasticity, that is, a significant increase in the compressive elastic limit.
Stretchable ferroelectric field-effect-transistor with multi-level storage capacity and photo-modulated resistance
Authors: Xiong Liqun , Chen Yun , Yu Jing , Xiong Weiming , Zhang Xiaoyue , Zheng Yue
Published: October 2019

Implementing stretchable memory is the key toward an intelligent device possessing wearability and implantability. In this work, we construct a stretchable ferroelectric field effect transistor (Fe-FET) based on buckled poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/poly(3-hexyl thiophene) [P(VDF-TrFE)/P3HT] bilayers. The fabrication procedure avoids complicated etching steps and photolithography process, which significantly reduce the need for equipment and prevent harm to the polymers. Multilevel storage capacity and photomodulated resistance are achieved in the stretchable Fe-FET, in which the conductance of the P3HT layer can be continuously adjusted by the polarization of the P(VDF-TrFE) layer. The stored information remains stable under 20% tensile deformation and is retained even after 2000 stretching/releasing cycles. The good mechanical stability and multilevel storage capacity make this stretchable Fe-FET potential for utilization in smart labels, epidermal systems, and even biointegrated artificial synapses.
Load sensitive stable current source for complex precision pulsed electroplating
Authors: Nassar Omar , Meissner Markus V. , Wadhwa Sagar , Korvink Jan G. , Mager Dario
Published: October 2019

Electrodeposition is a highly versatile and well explored technology. However, it also depends strongly on the experience level of the operator. This experience includes the pretreatment of the sample, and the composition of the electrolyte settings of the plating parameters. Accurate control over the electroplating current is needed especially for the formation of small structures, where pulsed electrodeposition has proven to reduce many unwanted effects. To bring precision into the formation of optimal recipes, a highly flexible current source based on a microcontroller was developed. It allows a large variety of pulse waveforms, as well as maintaining a feedback loop that controls the current and monitors the output voltage, allowing for both galvanostatic (current driven) and potentiostatic (voltage driven) electrodeposition. The system has been implemented with multiple channels, permitting the simultaneous electrodeposition of multiple substrates in parallel. Being based on a microcomputer, the system can be programmed using predefined recipes individually for each channel, or even adapt the recipes during plating. All measurement values are continuously recorded for the purpose of documentation and diagnosis. The current source is based on a high power operational amplifier in a modified Howland current source configuration. This paper describes the functionality of the electrodeposition system, with a focus on the stability of the source current under different electrodeposition current densities and frequencies. The performance and high capability of the system is demonstrated by performing and analyzing two nontrivial plating applications.
The temperature dependence of magnetic losses in CoO-doped Mn-Zn ferrites
Authors: Beatrice Cinzia , Dobák Samuel , Tsakaloudi Vasiliki , Ragusa Carlo , Fiorillo Fausto
Published: October 2019

CoO-doping is known to stabilize the temperature dependence of initial permeability and magnetic losses in Mn-Zn ferrites, besides providing, with appropriate dopant contents, good soft magnetic response at and around room temperature. These effects, thought to derive from the mechanism of anisotropy compensation, are, however, poorly assessed from a quantitative viewpoint. In this work, we overcome such limitations by providing, besides extensive experimental investigation vs frequency (DC–1 GHz), CoO content (0 ≤ CoO ≤ 6000 ppm), and temperature (−20 °C ≤ T ≤ 130 °C) of permeability and losses of sintered Mn-Zn ferrites, a comprehensive theoretical framework. This relies on the separate identification of domain wall motion and moment rotations and on a generalized approach to magnetic loss decomposition. The average effective anisotropy constant ⟨Keff⟩ is obtained and found to monotonically decrease with temperature, depending on the CoO content. The quasistatic energy loss Wh is then predicted to pass through a deep minimum for CoO = 3000–4000 ppm at and below the room temperature, while becoming weakly dependent on CoO under increasing T. The rotational loss Wrot(f) is calculated via the complex permeability, as obtained from the Landau-Lifshitz equation for distributed values of the local effective anisotropy field Hk,eff (i.e., ferromagnetic resonance frequency). Finally, the excess loss Wexc(f) is derived and found to comply with suitable analytical formulation. It is concluded that, by achieving, via the rotational permeability, value and behavior of the magnetic anisotropy constant, we can predict the ensuing properties of hysteresis, excess, and rotational losses.
Understanding tunneling electroresistance effect through potential profile in Pt/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN ferroelectric tunnel junction memory
Authors: Yoon Jungkyu , Hong Seunghyeon , Song Yong Won , Ahn Ji-Hoon , Ahn Seung-Eon
Published: October 2019

Hafnia ferroelectric materials have gained prominence as promising materials for advanced memory applications due to their high scalability and full-complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatibility. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the electrical properties of Pt/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN asymmetric ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) devices. The ferroelectric behavior of 4- and 5-nm Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films was confirmed by using piezoresponse force microscopy and conductive-atomic force microscopy. The typical current–voltage characteristics of the FTJ devices with two resistance states due to the tunneling electroresistance (TER) effect have been analyzed using a direct tunneling model based on the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation. Further, we have proposed a method to extract the effective mass of the HZO thin film by numerical analysis using the MOS leakage current model. Finally, a dependence of the TER on the HZO thickness is analyzed to realize a high TER ratio.
On the response attainable in nonlinear parametrically excited systems
Authors: Aghamohammadi Mehrdad , Sorokin Vladislav , Mace Brian
Published: October 2019

The response of nonlinear parametrically excited systems is investigated. It is shown that perturbation methods including the method of multiple scales and the averaging method using the Krylov–Bogoliubov technique can provide precise predictions of the behavior of the system in the neighborhood of the principal parametric resonance. However, increasing the excitation frequency, they imply an infinite growth of the vibration amplitudes, which contradicts numerical and practical findings. To tackle this problem, the method of varying amplitudes (MVA) is used. Employing the MVA, an expression for the upper bound to the displacement response of the system is derived. The parametric excitation frequency, at which this response is attained, is defined explicitly. MVA results considering the first harmonic are identical to the results obtained by the first approximation of the Mitropolskii technique and show good agreement with numerical results obtained from direct integration of the equation of motion. Taking the first and third harmonics into account, MVA shows an excellent capability to capture the frequency at which the upper bound response is attained: the difference between the upper bound to the displacement response obtained from the MVA and the one obtained from numerical integration is less than 0.1%.
Suppressed thermal conductivity in fluorinated diamane: Optical phonon dominant thermal transport
Authors: Zhu Liyan , Zhang Tingting
Published: October 2019

Since surface functionalization can profoundly tune the physical and chemical properties of materials, we performed a comparative study on the thermal conductivities of fluorinated diamane (FD) and compared them with the hydrogenated diamane (HD) to examine the influence of functional groups on the thermal transport properties of diamane. Our results reveal a significant impact of a functional group on the thermal conductivity of diamane. The FD shows an 82% reduced thermal conductivity as compared with the HD. Most strikingly, the dominant phonon modes in thermal transport switches from out-of-plane acoustic (ZA) modes in HD to optical modes in FD. Those results can be understood by the heavy atomic mass of fluorine as opposed to the light hydrogen, which leads to remarkably softened phonon dispersion and the entanglement of optical modes with the acoustic modes. These two factors result in reduced group velocities and enhanced phonon scattering in FD, both of which account for the significantly dropped thermal conductivity of FD. Hence, the mass of functional groups could be employed to tune the thermal transport behavior of 2D materials effectively.
Interfacial ferromagnetism and atomic structures in high-temperature grown Fe3O4/Pt/Fe3O4 epitaxial trilayers
Authors: Kikkawa T. , Suzuki M. , Ramos R. , Aguirre M. H. , Okabayashi J. , Uchida K. , Lucas I. , Anadón A. , Kikuchi D. , Algarabel P. A. , Morellón L. , Ibarra M. R. , Saitoh E.
Published: October 2019

Induced Pt ferromagnetism in Fe3O4/Pt/Fe3O4 epitaxial trilayer films has been investigated by means of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Pt L3,2-edges at various temperatures from 300K to 12K, including the metal-insulator transition temperature of Fe3O4 (TV∼114K). At all the temperatures, we observed clear XMCD signals due to Pt ferromagnetism, the amplitude of which was determined to be 0.39μB at 300K and 0.52μB at 12K for the sample with the Pt thickness of ∼2nm. Interestingly, these values are comparable to or even greater than those in Pt/3d-ferromagnetic-metal (Fe, Ni, Co, and Ni81Fe19) junction systems. The results can be interpreted in terms of a possible Fe interdiffusion into the Pt layer and also possible Fe-Pt alloying due to its high-temperature deposition.
Modifications at the C(5) position of pyrimidine nucleosides
Authors: Kozak Witold , Demkowicz Sebastian , Daśko Mateusz , Rachon Janusz , Rak Janusz
Published: October 2019

This review summarizes the state of knowledge on the chemical methods of C(5)-modifications of uridine and cytidine derivatives and may serve as a useful tool for synthetic chemists to choose an appropriate reaction protocol. The synthesis of 5-substituted uracil derivatives is gaining an increasing interest because of their possible applications in medicine and pharmacy. Modifications at the C(5) position of pyrimidine nucleosides can enhance their biostability, bioavailability or(and) biological activity. Among the C(5)-modified nucleosides, 5-halopyrimidines exhibit anticancer, antiviral, radio- and photosensitizing properties. Besides 5-halo-substituted derivatives, there are other examples of nucleosides with confirmed biological activity containing a C–C bond at the C(5) position in the pyrimidine ring. In recent decades, scientists have achieved great progress in the field of cross-coupling reactions. Among them, nickel-catalyzed processes provide a broad spectrum of synthetic methods that are based on less toxic and cheaper starting materials. This review summarizes the synthetic approaches based on the coupling or halogenation reactions, which enable 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides to be obtained. Moreover, the importance of the systems considered for medicine and pharmacy is briefly discussed.

The bibliography includes 197 references.
Carbon stability in a texture contrast soil in response to depth and long-term phosphorus fertilisation of grazed pasture
Authors: Coonan Elizabeth C. , Richardson Alan E. , Kirkby Clive A. , Macdonald Lynne M. , Amidy Martin R. , Strong Craig L. , Kirkegaard John A.
Published: October 2019

It is important to understand the stability of soil organic matter (SOM) sequestered through land management changes. In this study we assessed differences in carbon (C) stability of pasture soils that had high and low C content (2.35% vs 1.73% whole soil C in the 0–10 cm layer) resulting from long-term phosphorus fertilisation. We used soil size fractionation (fine fraction, coarse fraction and winnowing) to assess the amount of stable C and indicators of microbial decomposition capacity (catabolic profiles, metabolic quotient) to assess C stability. As a main effect throughout the 60-cm profile, C concentrations were higher in the fine fraction soil in the high (excess P fertiliser; P2) than low (no P fertiliser; P0) treatments, demonstrating a larger stable C fraction. For both P2 and P0, there was a strong correlation between C measured in the fine fraction and winnowed fraction in the 0–30 cm layer (R = 0.985, P < 0.001), but no correlation was observed for the 30–60 cm layer (R = 0.121, P > 0.05). In addition, we conducted two incubation experiments to assess C stability in the treatments with depth and to assess C stability in the physical soil fractions. For the surface soils (0–10 cm), the highest respiration occurred in fractions containing plant material, including roots (coarse fraction, 0.65 g CO2-C kg–1 soil; whole soil, 1.48 g CO2-C kg–1 soil), which shows that the plant material was less stable than the fine and winnowed soil fractions (0.43 and 0.40 g CO2-C kg–1 soil respectively). Soil respiration, microbial metabolic quotient and substrate utilisation were similar in P0 and P2. Collectively, the data show that the increased C in P2 was associated with increased C concentrations in the more stable fine soil fraction, but with no change in the stability of the C within the fractions.
Influences: Find a friend
Authors: Ashcroft Frances M.
Published: October 2019

Ashcroft reflects on the support and generosity of colleagues who have helped shape her scientific endeavor.
Network Analysis of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Colony: Relation between Spatial Position and Generation
Authors: Meiriska Widya , Purnama F A , Aji D P P , Aprianti D , Viridi S
Published: October 2019

Yeast colony growth which can grow and produce buds can be modelled by using circular granular cells in two-dimensional form. The organizations of particles in granular materials as modelled as yeast colony growth have complex organizations on a spatial scale. Such organizations may affect how materials respond or reconfigure when exposed to external interference or loading. Particles have been studied in theoretical and require the development and application of appropriate mathematical, statistical, physical and computational frameworks. Usually, granular materials have been explored using particles or circuit models that are implicit. Today the development of network science has emerged as a powerful approach to investigate and characterize heterogeneous architecture in complex systems and diverse methods have yielded interesting insights into granular materials. In this study will learn granular materials (yeast colony growth) with the network-based approach and explore the potential of these frames to provide a useful description of yeast colony growth. This study will focus on finding the relation between the spatial position of the cells and generation that is formed.
Robust Control Design For Virotherapy Model Using Successive Method
Authors: Arum Anita Kesuma , Handayani Dewi , Saragih Roberd
Published: October 2019

Bilinear systems is the simplest class of nonlinear systems that represent many real physical processes. As an example, chemotherapy and virotherapy in cancer cells are bilinear systems. Disturbances is a factor that can interfere the work process of the system, and it can make the output of the system to be not in accordance with the desired output. Thus a robust controller must be found to make the system produce the desired output. In designing the controller, it requires a solution to the state dependent algebraic Riccati equation (SDARE). However it is difficult to solve the SDARE. Successive method is one of the methods that can be used to solve this issue. The idea of this method is converting the bilinear systems into time-varying linear system. This method has the following steps : first, we need to obtain the robust control for the linear system by ignoring the multiplicative term of bilinear system. Second, convert the bilinear systems into the time-varying linear systems using the previous result, and then solve the SDARE by the new performance index and the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation. Last, iterate the steps until the convergence of state satisfied. In this research, successive method were applied in virotherapy control problems. The virotherapy model has been widely developed, one of which is the cell cycle-specific model. This model is a bilinear systems. There are four groups in this model: quiescent cells (Q), cancer cells (S), virus (V), and infected cells (I). Virus are injected into the human body as the control input to control the amount of the cancer cells. In this case, virus can only infect the cancer cells, and the infected cells will die when the lysis process occurs. Virus, as a control, is given with the aim of minimizing the energy used in the system. In this model we consider the body’s immune response as an additive disturbances to the model. Simulation show that virotherapy can reduce the number of cancer cells in the body on day 50, so the number of cancer cells in the body is only 16.6%. Based on the simulation, the next virototherapy can be done after the day 50.
Robust H∞ Controller for Bilinear System to Minimize HIV Concentration in Blood Plasma
Authors: Saputra Jonathan , Saragih Roberd , Handayani Dewi
Published: October 2019

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a type of virus which attacks CD4+ T cells. Insufficient numbers of CD4+ T cells will affect the performance of immunity systems so that someone become more risky to have AIDS or other diseases. HIV phenomenon is modelled as nonlinear system with disturbance, but there is no exact method to solve problems that related with analyzing nonlinear systems with control treatment. Thus, the nonlinear system is approximated into a bilinear system by using Carleman Bilinearization method. A robust H
∞ controller is designed as a control input to accomodate the disturbances in the dynamic system. Generally, the treatment for HIV is merely to obstruct the replication process. Therefore, the robust control input is described as the chemotherapy of hypothetical drugs which aimed to clear off the HIV concentration in blood plasma. Robust H
∞ control is built with the coefficient matrix of the bilinear system. The simulation result is analyzed by comparing the effect of the robust control toward bilinear and nonlinear system. From numerical simulations, an individual will experience heavy symptomps if the hypothetical drugs chemotherapy is not given. This finding is strengthening the urgency of robust control as a chemotherapy with a waiting time. Based on the numerical simulation with robust H
∞ control input, bilinear system has trends that give similar interpretation with the trends of nonlinear system. Besides that, robust H
∞ control on bilinear system has demolishing speed of HIV concentration and infected CD4+ T cells concentration which approximately equal to the demolishing speed from nonlinear system. Therefore, we can conclude that the performance of H
∞ robust control on bilinear system is nearly same as the performance of nonlinear system.
Mangrove density impacts on tidal dynamic in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Indonesia
Authors: Tarya Ayi , Sunaringati Larasati C , Ningsih Nining Sari
Published: October 2019

The present study aims to understand the tidal dynamics in a tropical coastal lagoon, Segara Anakan, Java, Indonesia. It is a shallow lagoon, with complex tidal channels and connected to the Indian Ocean by two channel outlets. It covers an overall area of about 12.000 ha. Three–quarters of the lagoons area have mangroves and the remaining quarter is covered by water. The Delft3D model has been implemented and validated using observation data. Scenario with uniform and spatially bottom drag coefficient were created in order to investigate the influence of the mangrove density on tidal dynamics. Based on tidal harmonic analysis, the M2 amplitude attenuates from both the western and the eastern lagoon inlets to the interior of the lagoon as the tidal wave is constricted by the narrow lagoon inlet and shallowness of the lagoon. For the case of uniform mangrove density, tidal harmonic analysis reveals M2 amplitude decreasing of 0.5 to 0.25 m from lagoon inlets toward central lagoon due to bottom friction effect. The tidal propagation into lagoon show increasing M2 tidal phase with maximum delay of 2.5 hours at the central lagoon. For the case of spatially mangrove density, the dampening of the tidal wave is stronger of 18% and the phase delay is longer 0.8 hours compare to the case of uniform mangrove density.
Development of Internet of Things (IoT) Technology and Its Applications on Room Cooling System
Authors: Prasetyo Joshua Dwi , Husein  , Budiman Maman
Published: October 2019

This papers propose a physical model that includes the outdoor temperature to determine thermal characteristics of the room by using IoT technology. The physical model is used in the computation in the cloud. The thermal characteristics obtained is used to minimize the energy consumption in room cooling system. The temperature in the room can be also controlled by processing the thermal characteristics in real-time. This papers only show the compatibility of the model with the real experiments data. The physical model is obtained by using thermodynamics and transport phenomena concepts, which are heat capacity and thermal resistance. This model is tested by using 4 real room temperature data set and the thermal characteristics values obtained is analysed with plotting them to outdoor-indoor temperature difference. The physical model is compatible with the real temperature data. The thermal characteristics doesn’t vary much with the outdoor-indoor temperature difference. The thermal characteristics value when the compressor is on is higher.
Driving the Dephasing Assisted Quantum Transport
Authors: Dwiputra Donny , Sulaiman Albertus , Kosasih Jusak S , Hidayat Wahyu , Zen Freddy P
Published: October 2019

Nontrivial quantum effects in biological systems are of high interest among physicists over the past decade. They allow for information and energy to be exchanged with near-unity efficiency despite hindered by the warm, wet, and noisy environment. Several models suggests that the efficient quantum energy transport is due to the interplay between dephasing dynamics and unitary evolution of the disordered biological systems i.e in photosynthetic complex. However, the proposed models have not yet included the driving force depicting the external perturbation used in the experiment such as laser in 2D spectroscopy involved in the detection of the exciton transfer or an artificial quantum transport experiments. Here, we resolve this issue by subjecting the dephasing assisted transport model by Plenio and Huelga [New J. Phys.
10, 11 (2012)] to a driving force. We analyze dynamical evolution of the driven system and show that further efficiency enhancement achieved by driving the transport site. We also discuss some experimental realizations of the quantum transport system.
Effects of construction activities on the planetary boundaries
Authors: Tunji-Olayeni PF , Omuh IO , Afolabi AO , Ojelabi RA , Eshofonie EE
Published: October 2019

This study presents a part of an ongoing research on construction in developing countries and the need to operate within planetary boundaries for sustainable development. It is a desk-research and it uses the already established planetary boundary concept to provide insights on the negative consequences of construction activities on planet earth. Some of the harmful effects of construction activities include: production of re-suspended dust particles and bituminous aerosols during construction, emission of greenhouse gases from embodied energy in buildings, rapid loss of biodiversity, unsustainable disposal of domestic and industrial waste into oceans and other water bodies and the unsustainable use of limited fresh water. The paper concludes that continued unsustainable construction activities will have devastating and irreversible effects on a planetary scale.
Factors affecting quality management practices on building construction sites in Nigeria
Authors: Oni O Z , Amusan L M , Owolabi J D , Akinbile B F
Published: October 2019

This research evaluates the factors affecting quality management practices on building construction sites with a view to improve quality management on building construction sites. To achieve the aim a convenient sampling technique was used to select the construction sites within the study area, The sampling frame comprise the professionals in the built environments such as Architect, Quantity surveyors, Builder and the Engineers working on each site. A total number of 88 questionnaires was administered out of which 63 was returned completed representing 78.75 response rate. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 21.0 was used to analyze the data. The result of the analysis showed that lack of adequate sanction by the standard assurance organization, non-implementation of National Building Code were among the topmost factors affecting quality management on construction sites in Oyo State. The study concludes that most of the factors affecting effective project quality management in Oyo State were generated by the government, professionals, quality organization agencies construction workers and other stakeholders in construction industry. The study recommends that adequate sanction should be impose on the non-compliance of quality by the standard assurance organization.
Environment Quality in Nigeria: Implications for Poverty Reduction
Authors: Owolabi O.A. , Aderounmu B. , Ogunbiyi T.
Published: October 2019

Poverty in Nigeria is at extremely high levels and represents one of the many economic hardships faced by the Nigeria population. One of the factors potentially contributing to present high poverty levels is poor environment quality which is prevalent in Nigeria and which may result in increased poverty levels as efforts are undertaken to address adverse environment quality. This paper explored the effect of environment quality on poverty reduction in Nigeria using data from the World Bank World Development indicators over the period of 1990 to 2015. The study employed Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test, and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation in analyzing data and the findings of the study revealed that improved environment quality as measured by improved access to sanitation and access to electricity positively and significantly increase poverty level in Nigeria, possibly on account of the increased financial and social costs of gaining access to sanitation and electricity. It is recommended that policy makers ensure that policies aimed at improving environment quality in Nigeria take into account the adverse implications of improving environment quality for poverty so as to ensure that a balance is achieved between improved environment quality and reduced poverty so that a cleaner environment is achieved at lower financial and welfare cost to citizens.
A Secured One Time Password Authentication Technique using (3, 3) Visual Cryptography Scheme
Authors: Oluwakemi Christiana Abikoye , Noah Oluwatobi Akande , Ayomide Victory Garuba , Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun
Published: October 2019

The world is vastly becoming a completely digital one with most transactions carried out over the internet. This has exposed the internet to increasing threats and attacks and has necessitated the need for an internet-based authentication and authorization services. One Time Passwords (OTP) have been introduced to overcome the limitations of static passwords. However, research has shown that OTP are not completely free from middle man attacks. This paper presents a (3, 3) Visual Cryptographic Scheme (VCS) technique for OTP security. The technique secures the generated OTP image by dividing it into three shares, of which one of the shares will be sent to the user while the remaining shares will be stored at different locations on the server. Before the original OTP image will be recovered, all the shares must the retrieved and stacked together. To avoid pixel expansion problem and loss of image quality that have characterized existing VCS technique, progressive visual cryptography was adopted to decrypt the retrieved OTP shares. A high quality OTP image was recovered as revealed by the peak signal to noise ratio values and there was no change in size of the OTP images.
Statistical comparison of Schlumberger arrays using randomized complete block design
Authors: Adetola Sanuade Oluseun , Olayide Amosun Joel , David Oyeyemi Kehinde , Sanmi Fagbemigun Tokunbo , Idowu Faloyo Jane
Published: October 2019

In this study, statistical comparison of the resistivity data acquired using vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique with three arrays (conventional Schlumberger array, Hummel array and half-Hummel array) was performed. The objective is to assess the efficacy of the Hummel and half-Hummel arrays of VES as alternative arrays to the conventional Schlumberger array at areas with limited space for acquisition during groundwater exploration activities. A total of fifteen (15) VES data were acquired for the three arrays at five locations within Phase II of Federal University Oye-Ekiti, southwestern, Nigeria. The electrode spacing (AB/2) varies from 1 to 65 m during the acquisition. The raw VES data were subjected to statistical analysis to compare the three arrays. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to establish if one array could be a perfect or near perfect substitution for other arrays. The responses obtained for all the arrays analysed are statistically the same at some locations which means measurements could either be taken using any of the three arrays. However, responses for the three arrays are different at a location which shows the three arrays are independent in this location. Pairwise comparison analysis at this location shows the difference in the three arrays. We therefore generated acceptance and rejection map of the study area which could be used as a guide prior to any geophysical data acquisition.
Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment using Electrical Resistivity Method in the Northern part of Ado-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Olaseeni O.G. , Oladapo M.I. , Olayanju G.M. , Dada O.J. , Oyebamiji A.R
Published: October 2019

Over the years, the demand for clean and safe water has skyrocketed globally in response to rising population. Since groundwater is a more reliable source of potable water, assessment of aquifer vulnerability becomes a necessity. This research therefore aimed at delineating geo-electric parameters inform of layer resistivity and thickness, towards generating a second order geo-electric section. This study employed the use of electrical resistivity method to evaluate the vulnerability of aquifers to contamination in the northern part of Ado-Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria. Forty Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) locations were studied using the Schlumberger array with current electrodes spacing (AB/2) of 150m. ABEM SAS 300 Resistivity Meter was useful for collecting the VES data which were presented as VES curves and quantitatively interpreted through partial curve matching and Computer Assisted 1-D forward modeling using the WinResist software. Geo-electric section along five (5) traverses, iso-resistivity map of the weathered layer and an isopach map showing the depth to aquifer were generated. Seven (7) different types of VES curves were identified, namely A, H, K, KA, HA, QA and KH types. The four geo-electric layers delineated include the topsoil (resistivity values between 29 – 1176 Ωm; thickness from 0.5 – 4.4 m), lateritic layer (resistivity values between 138– 3787 Ωm; thickness between 1.0 – 63.6m), weathered layer (resistivity values between 6 – 298 Ωm; thickness between 0.7 – 17.8 m), and fresh basement (resistivity values between 331 – 7479 Ωm). The total longitudinal unit conductance (S) values obtained range from 0.009 to 2.972 mhos. This suggests that most parts (northern, central, western and eastern portions of the area) have medium to high protective capacity rating; except the eastern portion. Therefore, most parts (80%) of the study area appear to be less vulnerable to contamination.
Geospatial distribution of heavy metal contamination in Ewekoro Limestone, SW Nigeria
Authors: Oyeyemi K. D. , Aizebeokhia A. P. , Anake W. U. , Sanuade O. A. , Akinsiku A.A. , Olofinnade O. M. , Jonathan H.O. , Ayara W. A.
Published: October 2019

Limestone exploration has numerous advantage to the nation’s economy. However, major anthropogenic activities such as mining of such mineral deposits causes environmental contamination due to heavy metals pollution. The presence of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic can interfere with the biochemical pathways by interaction with enzymes and proteins. They equally have the capacity to alter the DNA repair mechanism and act as the inducers of carcinogenesis. The focus of the research is therefore to detect the extent of heavy metals contaminations within the sampled Ewekoro limestone, southwestern Nigeria and to ascertain the risks they posed to the quarry workers, miners and the people residing in the study area.
Assessment of natural radionuclides in a fertilized farmland in Abeokuta, Nigeria: Implications for environmental radioactivity evaluation and monitoring
Authors: Ekhaguere O. A. , Alatise O. O. , Oyeyemi K. D.
Published: October 2019

In this study, the concentrations of radionuclides were determined for soil samples obtained from a fertilized farm soils in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria. On the average, seven soil samples were obtained and keptin a sealed polythene bags. Then later dried and pulverized. Two hundred grams of each of the pulverized samples was held in a standard plastic container and left for about thirty days to allow for secular equilibrium between radium and its progenies. Radionuclides activity concentrations within the collected samples were measured using a calibrated NaI-based gamma-ray spectrometer. The detected natural radioactivity of soil samples are presented and radiological attributes for effective radiological hazards detection and monitoringfor the study location are equally estimated. The results revealed that the specific activity for K-40 radionuclides at location L7 is higher than the world average concentration of 420 Bq/kg. This is not unconnected to the fertilizer within that portion of the farm. However, the estimated radiological attributes in the farmland are relatively lower that the threshold standards, which implies that the soils in the farmland are free of any radiation hazards and pose no threat to farmers and the residents of that area. It is however recommended that organic manure should be used in the farmland rather than fertilizer and routine check on environmental radioactivity of the farmland should be done regularly for adequate monitoring.
Toxicity Risks of Selected Heavy Metal on Dwellers from Building Materials Used in Nigeria
Authors: Maxwell Omeje , Adewoyin Olusegun O , Joel Emmanuel S , Onumejor Adaeze C , Akinwumi Akinpelu , Arijaje T E , Usikalu Mojisola R. , Uchechukwu Anne Omeje , Promise Ilo , Adagunodo Theophilus A.
Published: October 2019

Chemical toxicity risks from 14 different brands of building materials such as Cements, tiles, marbles and sands were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). This study is aimed at determining the risk exposure to dweller of different age groups. The digested samples analysed using ICP-MS for the concentrations of Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, As and Cd varies from 10 to 183, 8.96 to 68.70, 35.4 to 733.7, 14.4 to 690.5, 0.95 to 4.64 and 0.7 to 14.7 mgkg−1respectively. Statistical Analysis showed that 44% of the Concentrations of Toxic metals measured in the building material samples come from Ni, the scree plots of dermal and inhalation risks exposure to children aged from 0.5 to 11 years showed sharp drop after Ni metal compared to adult with ages ranges from 12 to 70 years where the drop is steady from the first factor. This indicated that Adults are not over-exposed compared to children to these heavy metals. The High factor value of 2.786 was seen in Goodwill Verified. Tile High factor scores were discovered from the exposure of children to both dermal and inhalation risks compared to the Adults. Some of these concentrations and risks exceed the permissible limits of the European Regulatory Standards and USEPA. Significantly, these chemical toxicity risks of heavy metal contents in the building materials may pose health risks on dwellers especially the under-aged children.