bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB EFUSI PLEURA DI RUMAH SAKIT PUSRI PALEMBANG TAHUN 2017
Authors: Admin  , Oscar Ari Wiryansyah
Published: March 2021

Menurut WHO memperkirakan 20% penduduk kota dunia pernah menghirup udara kotor akibat emisi kendaraan bermotor, sehingga banyak penduduk yang berisiko tinggi penyakit paru dan saluran pernafasan seperti efusi pleura. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab efusi pleura. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini ditujukan pada responden yang di rawat Rumah Sakit Pusri Palembang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sebagian pasien yang  dirawat di Rumah Sakit Pusri Palembang tahun 2017 yang berjumlah 55 responden. Dalam penelitian ini sampel penelitian akan diambil dengan menggunakan teknik retrospektif yaitu pengambilan sampel berdasarkan kriteria atau pertimbangan yang peneliti buat sendiri. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa ada hubungan antara umur dengan kejadian efusi pleura.dengan nilai p value = 0,008. Ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian efusi pleura dengan nilai p value = 0,007. Ada hubungan antara riwayat tuberculosis dengan kejadian efusi pleura.dengan nilai p value = 0,000. Diharapkan agar petugas kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pelaksanaan penyuluhan dan konseling mengenai penyakit efusi pleura, serta dapat meningkatkan standar pelayanan kesehatan sehingga dapat menghindari sedini mungkin penyakit efusi pleura.
HUBUNGAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA (0-59 Bulan) DI PUSKESMAS PEMBINA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2017
Authors: Admin  , Lely Meriaya Sari
Published: March 2021

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) adalah penyakit infeksi akut berlangsung selama 14 hari  yang menyerang salah satu bagian atau lebih dari saluran nafas mulai dari hidung (saluran atas) hingga alveoli (saluran bawah) termasuk jaringan adneksanya seperti sinus, rongga telinga tengah dan pleura (Depkes RI, 2005). Berdasarkan hasil riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007, menunjukkan prevalensi nasional ISPA 25,2 % (16 prevalensi di atas angka nasional), angka kesakitan (morbiditas) pneumonia bayi 2,2 % dan balita 3 %, angka kematian (mortalitas) pada bayi 23,8% dan pada balita 15,5% (Depkes, 2009). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Pembina Palembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Pembina Palembang. penelitian ini adalah merupakan survey analitik dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional, dimana penelitian dilakukan dengan mengukur Variabel independen dan Variabel dependen dalam waktu yang bersamaan (Notoatmodjo, 2005). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama satu semester Tahun  2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu-ibu yang mempunyai balita usia 0 bulan sampai 59 bulan yang berobat. di Puskesmas Pembina Palembang berjumlah 352 orang Dari populasi tersebut di ambil sampel, jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini dibulatkan menjadi 78 balita dan 10% dari sampel cadangan jika terjadi drop out. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dilapangan dan analisis statistik Chi-Square secara Univariat, Bivariat serta dilakukannya perbandingan dengan teori-teori dan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya maka di simpulkan bahwa ada hubungan  secara simultan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pembina Palembang tahun 2017 dan ada hubungan secara parsial faktor ASI Eksklusif dengan kejadian ISPA di Puskesmas Pembina Palembang Tahun 2017.
PENGARUH DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KEPATUHAN DIET DAN PEMBATASAN CAIRAN PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA DI RUMAH SAKIT PUSRI PALEMBANG TAHUN 2018
Authors: Admin  , Leni Wijaya  , Afrializa
Published: March 2021

Gagal ginjal kronik merupakan kerusakan pada ginjal yang membuat tubuh gagal untuk mempertahankan metabolisme keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit yang menyebabkan uremia, terapi yang dilakukan yaitu hemodialisa. Terapi tersebut membutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga pasien membutuhkan dukungan dari keluarga serta pengawasan diet dan pembatasan cairan selama menjalankan pengobatannya agar tidak terjadi komplikasi yang dapat memperburuk keadaan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap kepatuhan diet dan pembatasan cairan pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani  hemodialisa di Rumah Sakit Pusri Palembang Tahun 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 1-10 Juli 2018. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian Deskriptif Analitik, melalui pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisa dengan teknik Total Sampling yaitu  52 responden.  Hasil analisis univariat diketahui dukungan keluarga baik sebanyak 24 responden (46,2%) dukungan keluarga kurang baik sebanyak 28 responden (53,8%), Kepatuhan diet kategori patuh sebanyak 22 responden (42,3%) dan kategori tidak patuh sebanyak 30 responden (57,7%), pembatasan cairan kategori  patuh sebanyak 19 responden (36,5%) dan tidak patuh sebanyak 33 responden 63,5%). Hasil analisa bivariat diketahui ada pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap kepatuhan diet pasien gagal ginjal kronik dengan nilai p value = 0,040 < α 0,05, Ada pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap pembatasan cairan pasien gagal ginjal kronik dengan nilai p value = 0,031 < α 0,05. Diharapkan perawat dapat memberikan pengetahuan langsung pada pasien dan keluarga mengenai kepatuhan diet dan pembatasan cairan sehingga dapat mengurangi angka kematian.
HUBUNGAN PERAN TENAGA KESEHATAN, DUKUNGAN SUAMI DAN MEDIA INFORMASI DENGAN PEMERIKSAN INSPEKSI VISUAL ASAM ASETAT (IVA) DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TALANG JAYA TAHUN 2019
Authors: Admin  , Riztia Rahmadini  , Minarti
Published: March 2021

Penyakit kanker merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian dengan jumlah terbanyak di dunia. Berdasarkan estimasi data World Health Organization (WHO) Tahun 2013 terdapat hanya 5% wanita di negara berkembang yang hanya melakukan deteksi dini.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan peran tenaga kesehatan, dukungan  suami dan media informasi dengan pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Talang Jaya Kabupaten Banyuasin tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Dengan jumlah sampel berjumlah 77 responden dan diperoleh hasil uji statistik chi square pada batas α = 0,05 dan df = 1. Perant tenaga  kesehatan p value = 0,000, Dukungan Suami p value = 0,007 dan Akses informasi p value = 0,002 ≤ α = 0,05 hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara peran petugas kesehatan, dukungan suami dan  akses informasi. dengan pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini ada hubungan peran tenaga kesehatan, dukungan suami dan media informasi dengan pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Talang Jaya. Saran diharapkan agar penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan dalam  pengambilan keputusan, dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dan penyuluhan khususnya tentang pemeriksaan IVA sehingga penderita kanker servik dapat diatasi sedini mungkin.
TEORIAS FONOLÓGICAS E SEUS PRIMITIVOS DE ANÁLISE
Authors: COSTA L. T.
Published: March 2021

Neste texto, discutem-se e explicitam-se os primitivos de análise no domínio sonoro ou componente fônico de três teorias marcantes na história da Linguística: a Fonologia Estruturalista (SAUSSURE, 2012) e o conceito de fonema como um som da cadeia sonora da fala que tenha a funcionalidade de uma unidade distintiva; a Fonologia Gerativa (CHOMSKY; HALLE, 1968) e o conceito de traço distintivo como propriedades mínimas de caráter acústico ou articulatório e binárias que compõem simultaneamente os sons da fala; e, por último, no escopo da Fonologia de Laboratório, a Fonologia Gestual (BROWMAN; GOLDSTEIN, 1992) e o conceito de gesto articulatório, uma unidade de análise que contempla o categórico e o variável, abordando a gradiência da fala. Após apresentar as três teorias selecionadas e seus primitivos de análise, menciona-se a abordagem possível de cada teoria na interface fonética e fonologia
O PADRÃO SILÁBICO CVC DO INGLÊS POR APRENDIZES BRASILEIROS
Authors: ALVES A. C. , CAVALCANTE D. A. , PEDROSA Juliene Lopes Ribeiro
Published: March 2021

As línguas do mundo apresentam peculiaridades que podem causar estranhamento por parte dos aprendizes em L2, que, ao serem expostos a um novo sistema, podem demonstrar ineficácia quanto ao conhecimento do padrão base da língua-alvo. Dentre os aspectos a serem observados nesse processo, encontram-se os padrões silábicos, que podem distinguir-se da língua materna do aprendiz. Assim sendo, este trabalho objetivou investigar como falantes aprendizes brasileiros de inglês configuram o padrão silábico CVC do inglês, sendo estes distribuídos em dois grupos: aprendizes que receberam instrução, e aprendizes que não receberam instrução explícita, quanto aos aspectos fonético-fonológicos de tal estrutura. A base teórica apresenta as ideias de Alves (2012), Barbosa e Madureira (2015), Collischonn (2014), Pedrosa (2012) e Selkirk (1982), dentre outros. Os resultados demonstram que os grupos apresentaram estratégias distintas para a produção da sílaba CVC. Mesmo no grupo em que houve produções esperadas (sílaba CVC), os aprendizes pareceram compensar a ausência vocálica alongando a oclusiva em coda, demonstrando processos variáveis interessantes. Tal pesquisa visa contribuir com o ensino do inglês (L2), bem como demonstrar que diversas pistas acústicas verificadas no desenvolvimento linguístico de L2 não devem ser negligenciadas, pois podem fornecer respostas interessantes no percurso desenvolvido pelo aprendiz.
Kazakhstan-Thailand Relations: Past Ties and Future Prospects
Authors: Rangsimaporn Paradorn
Published: March 2021

The article examines relations between Kazakhstan and Thailand. It looks at their political, economic and socio-cultural relations as well as their cooperation within multilateral fora so far. It then examines the prospects for future cooperation and puts forward the view that relations are likely to be enhanced due to increasing interest in each other. Kazakhstan’s central role in China’s Belt and Road Initiative has attracted Thailand’s greater attention, while Kazakhstan seeks to enhance relations with Thailand, as well as other ASEAN countries, to bring greater balance in its relations and provide some counterweight to increasing Chinese economic influence.
INDONESIAN COVID-19 PREVENTION POLICIES ANALYSIS USING CUMULATIVE CASES DATA REGRESSION
Authors: Hakim Bhustomy , Fauzi Akhmat
Published: March 2021

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or called COVID-19 which occurred in China at the end of 2019 has become a global public health problem. Indonesia government made and apply some public health prevention policy against coronavirus outbreak. They applied their first big scale social distancing (PSBB policy) that order people to stay, work, study, and pray at home.  Indonesia government also warned people not to travel through outer city due to Eid Al-Fitr, Islamic big annual event, (MUDIK policy) which usually lead people to travel through the cities to meet their family to celebrate. Indonesian PSBB policy has flattened 7.30% of the curve according to the prediction of situation with and without PSBB. But for MUDIK policy, it seems people get scared of they couldn’t make it to cross the city to meet their family and travel instead then make the spreading of the cases were increased. The publishing move of the policy also should be calculated, because people will take future act regarding to the information they get.
A survey on the effect of immigration on Canadian population
Authors: Ghaeli Mohammad Reza
Published: March 2021

Immigration plays an essential role for population growth in many countries. Immigrants create jobs and opportunities in immigration-based countries. Canada is the host of millions of people from different ethnic groups and regions. Every year, thousands of new immigrants come to Canada and many of them are in the form families. This paper presents a review on studies associated with population growth and immigration policies in Canada. The survey performs research on 128 selected articles from 1958 to 2022.
Uso de Instagram para la comunicación de las marcas de moda de lujo
Authors: Velar-Lera Marga , Herrera-Damas Susana , González-Aldea Patricia
Published: March 2021

En un contexto de cambios globales, el propósito de esta investigación fue examinar de qué modo las marcas de moda de lujo pueden aprovechar este canal en su comunicación de marca y cómo lo están haciendo. Para ello, llevamos a cabo un análisis de contenido de las publicaciones realizadas por veinte marcas seleccionadas según criterios de antigüedad, relevancia y actividad digital. El periodo de estudio comprendía seis meses (julio-diciembre de 2017) para recoger la actividad en periodos de “normalidad” e intensidad. El corpus integrado por 6.977 publicaciones fue codificado a partir de un mismo código que incluía variables relativas al contenido y a cuestiones de tipo formal. Los resultados indican que las marcas de moda de lujo todavía no han diseñado estrategias específicas para Instagram. Advertimos que existe poca diferencia entre los contenidos que publican. La mayoría comparte un mismo patrón: presentan la marca en espacios similares (habitualmente en eventos o con fondos neutros), los personajes suelen encarnar uno o dos arquetipos y las imágenes suelen ser inexpresivas. Las marcas tampoco aprovechan la capacidad que ofrece Instagram para estimular la participación y generar comunidad. Solo lo hace el 3,7 % del total de la muestra. De esta forma, concluimos que las marcas de moda de lujo en Instagram todavía no han logrado desarrollar una comunicación atractiva que genere interés y en la que realmente se busque construir la marca de un modo que se involucre a todos los públicos interesados.
Reportear bajo amenaza: violencia, profesionalización y modernización irregular del sistema mediático mexicano
Authors: González Rubén Arnoldo , Díaz-Cerveró Elba , Barredo-Ibáñez Daniel
Published: March 2021

Un sistema mediático considerado como moderno requiere, entre otros aspectos, el ejercicio de un periodismo libre y profesional. Sin embargo, en México, esto no ha sido del todo posible, porque la creciente violencia contra los periodistas se ha erigido como uno de los principales obstáculos para su trabajo. En ese sentido, a partir de 93 entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas en 23 de los estados más violentos del país, el objetivo es describir las respuestas de los periodistas mexicanos hacia las constantes amenazas y agresiones que enfrentan. Los resultados indican que, en relación con la profesionalización del periodismo, la violencia contra los medios tiene principalmente dos implicaciones. En primer lugar, los ataques han favorecido el desarrollo de mejores prácticas periodísticas, tales como apego a los datos y hechos, diversificación de fuentes de información, despliegue de coberturas colaborativas y creación de asociaciones de periodistas. En segundo lugar, en no pocos casos, la violencia ha inhibido el ejercicio de la prensa, fomentando la autocensura o la dependencia de los boletines oficiales de gobierno. La coexistencia de ambas reacciones pone de manifiesto el carácter irregular del sistema mediático mexicano y su proceso de modernización.
The impact of COVID-19 on local government stakeholders' perspectives on local food production
Authors: Campbell Catherine
Published: March 2021

Local food production (LFP) can play an impor­tant role in ensuring access to food during supply chain disruptions. Because the drafting, adoption, and implementation of policies regulating LFP is under the purview of local governments in many U.S. states, researchers at University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Exten­sion conducted a study to assess whether COVID-19 affected local government stakeholders’ (LGS) (N=92) perspectives on LFP and the role that LFP can play in responding to public health emergen­cies. LGS who oversee the drafting, adoption, and implementation of LFP policies include staff responsible for code enforcement, sustainability initiatives, and planning, as well as elected and ap­pointed leaders, such as mayors, city and county managers, and city and county commissioners. The survey assessed LGS’ attitudes and knowledge about LFP. The survey also asked LGS about their perceptions and awareness of LFP in their commu­nities, including their perceptions of the benefits of and barriers to LFP and the ways in which LFP producers were using the food they produced. Sur­vey questions also focused specifically on COVID-19 and the role of LFP in public health emergen­cies. In particular, survey questions asked whether LGS perceived a change in their own attitudes, knowledge, and perspectives; whether there had been a change in the LFP activi­ties in their communities following COVID-19; and what they thought the role of LFP was in responding to public health emergencies. Direct comparisons of LGS who responded to a 2019 survey (N=43) were assessed for statistically sig­nificant changes in overall attitudes, knowledge, or perceived benefits of LFP following COVID-19. This study found that LGS have generally positive attitudes and perceptions of benefits of LFP, including its role in public health emergencies, but have limited knowledge about LFP or awareness of barriers to its implementation. The results of this study indicate that LGS understand the potential benefits of LFP in public health emergencies but would benefit from information and training to support the development of policies and programs in their communities.
Healthcare workers’ knowledge, risk perception, safety-relevant practices, and work situation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A quantitative survey from Switzerland
Authors: Riguzzi Marco , Gashi Shkumbin , Bischofberger Iren
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers and healthcare students in higher education and to assess their clinical knowledge, media use, risk perception, perception of governmental measures, and adherence to preventive guidelines to provide policymakers with field-based evidence.Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted by two-stage cluster sampling among Swiss healthcare workers, who performed patient care during the first pandemic wave, and who also pursued an education at a university of applied sciences at the same time (a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in nursing or an executive degree in healthcare). 75 individuals participated between 5th May and 1st June 2020. Their data was analyzed by bivariate hypothesis testing and multiple logistic regression.Results: Considerable levels of task-related and emotional stress were prevalent, accompanied by a large proportion of respondents who did not have sufficient protective materials or necessary decisions in place to effectively protect themselves or others from infection with COVID-19. Knowledge was considerably limited, especially regarding the efficacy of standard hygiene as a preventive measure. The preparation of the government and the healthcare sector was perceived as insufficient.Conclusions: Comprehensive management of infodemic challenges and foresighted development of education, human resources, clinical processes, and protective materials are highly recommended.
Optimal Synovial Fluid Leukocyte Count Cutoff for Diagnosing Native Joint Septic Arthritis After Antibiotics: A Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis of Accuracy
Authors: Massey Patrick A. , Clark Michael D. , Walt Jennifer S. , Feibel Benjamin M. , Robichaux-Edwards Lindy R. , Barton R. Shane
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Urgent treatment of septic arthritis is key in preventing devastating morbidity or mortality. Accurate diagnosis is critical, and the standard diagnostic cutoff of 50,000 synovial leukocytes may be altered by previous administration of antibiotics. Our objective was to identify and compare a cutoff synovial leukocyte count with a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of septic arthritis in patients who received antibiotics and those who had not. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to provide a discriminate cutoff value for diagnosing septic arthritis.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of 383 patients was done over a 13-year period including those who had arthrocentesis of any joint. Two groups were created, those who had not been given antibiotics within 2 weeks (control) and those who received intravenous or oral antibiotics within 2 weeks before arthrocentesis. Relevant data included synovial leukocyte count and differential cell count. Additional metrics included temperature, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. A ROC curve determined the optimal synovial white blood cell cutoff for diagnosing septic arthritis in native joints for each group.

Results:

The ROC curve determined that patients who received antibiotics had an optimal cutoff of >16,000 cells (sensitivity = 82%, specificity = 76%), and a neutrophil percentage cutoff of >90% (sensitivity = 73%, specificity = 74%). The control group had an optimal synovial leukocyte cutoff of >33,000 cells (sensitivity = 96%, specificity = 95%). The optimal neutrophil percentage cutoff in the control group was >83% neutrophils (sensitivity = 89%, specificity = 79%).

Conclusion:

When a patient is given antibiotics before arthrocentesis, a diagnostic value of >16,000 synovial leukocytes should be used to guide treatment of septic arthritis. A diagnostic value of >33,000 synovial leukocytes yields the highest accuracy for diagnosis of septic arthritis in patients who have not been given antibiotics before arthrocentesis.

Level of Evidence:

III
Cognitive Training in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Anderson Matthew J. J. , deMeireles Alirio J. , Trofa David P. , Kovacevic David , Ahmad Christopher S. , Lynch Thomas S.
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Over the past two decades, various factors have led to fewer opportunities for hands-on learning in the operating room among orthopaedic surgery trainees. Innovative training platforms using anatomic models, cadaveric specimens, and augmented reality have been devised to address this deficiency in surgical training, but such training tools are often costly with limited accessibility. Cognitive training is a low-cost training technique that improves physical performance by refining the way in which information is mentally processed and has long been used by professional athletes and world-class musicians. More recently, cognitive training tools have been developed for several orthopaedic surgery procedures, but the overall utility of cognitive training in orthopaedic surgery remains unknown.

Methods:

The purpose of this study was to review the existing literature regarding the use of cognitive training in orthopaedic surgery and to summarize the results of investigations comparing cognitive training tools with other methods of learning. To that effect, the PubMed and Embase databases were systematically reviewed for articles related to cognitive training in orthopaedic surgery.

Results:

Eleven publications met the inclusion criteria, including six randomized controlled trials. Cognitive task analysis and mental rehearsal were the most common forms of cognitive training identified. All 11 publications supported the use of cognitive training in orthopaedic surgery training. In the six randomized controlled trials, the utilization of cognitive training was associated with notably improved surgical performance and increased knowledge compared with traditional methods of learning.

Discussion:

Based on the limited evidence presented in this review, cognitive training represents a promising, low-cost adjunct to traditional orthopaedic surgery training. Further efforts should be directed at developing and evaluating additional cognitive training tools for orthopaedic surgery trainees.
Green Infrastructure Mapping in Urban Areas Using Sentinel-1 Imagery
Authors: Gašparović Mateo , Dobrinić Dino
Published: March 2021

High temporal resolution of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery (e.g., Sentinel-1 (S1) imagery) creates new possibilities for monitoring green vegetation in urban areas and generating land-cover classification (LCC) maps. This research evaluates how different pre-processing steps of SAR imagery affect classification accuracy. Machine learning (ML) methods were applied in three different study areas: random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB). Since the presence of the speckle noise in radar imagery is inevitable, different adaptive filters were examined. Using the backscattering values of the S1 imagery, the SVM classifier achieved a mean overall accuracy (OA) of 63.14%, and a Kappa coefficient (Kappa) of 0.50. Using the SVM classifier with a Lee filter with a window size of 5×5 (Lee5) for speckle reduction, mean values of 73.86% and 0.64 for OA and Kappa were achieved, respectively. An additional increase in the LCC was obtained with texture features calculated from a grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The highest classification accuracy obtained for the extracted GLCM texture features using the SVM classifier, and Lee5 filter was 78.32% and 0.69 for the mean OA and Kappa values, respectively. This study improved LCC with an evaluation of various radiometric and texture features and confirmed the ability to apply an SVM classifier. For the supervised classification, the SVM method outperformed the RF and XGB methods, although the highest computational time was needed for the SVM, whereas XGB performed the fastest. These results suggest pre-processing steps of the SAR imagery for green infrastructure mapping in urban areas. Future research should address the use of multitemporal SAR data along with the pre-processing steps and ML algorithms described in this research.
POSSIBILITIES OF IMPLEMENTING THE SMART DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT IN RURAL AREAS FROM A BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE.
THE EXAMPLE OF EASTERN POLAND
Authors: Zwolińska-Ligaj Magdalena Anna
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper was the evaluation of the impact of selected background conditions for implementing the smart village concept in the opinion of entrepreneurs. The assessment was based on an opinion poll on a sample of 240 entrepreneurs from three regions of Eastern Poland, using a questionnaire. The results were presented using descriptive analysis, including a comparative analysis of areas with low and high levels of smart growth potential. The presented results show that rural areas in the abovementioned regions, in general, create disadvantageous conditions for enhancing innovativeness through business activity, and the surveyed agents are characterised by a low level of innovativeness. In the opinion of the surveyed entrepreneurs, on the impact of selected factors on enterprise innovativeness, the potential impact of the local environment is above average. The findings point to a need to develop the endogenous potential of rural areas from peripheral regions by increasing access to modern ITC infrastructure and the role of the institutional environment in the process of knowledge transfer to the local sector of companies, the development of local connections in the business sector and within the scope of cooperation of local authorities with entrepreneurs.
RAISING THE LEVEL OF SAFETY IN PASSENGER TRANSPORT BY IMPLEMENTING MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Authors: Jarocka Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

Safety in transport is a key issue raised in both national and EU regulations. Transport companies are implementing technological solutions as part of raising the level of safety. The article cites the cases of technological applications that increase safety in public transport in Poland.
MODEL OF QUALITY ASSESSMENT THE SYSTEM STRATEGIC COST MANAGEMENT (SSCM) OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Petrov Aleksander
Published: March 2021

The article presents a model for assessing the quality of the strategic cost management system of an enterprise, which by its characteristics is descriptive and evaluative, aimed at forming a set of qualitative characteristics of the strategic cost management system based on the results of its functioning. The model is built on the basis of the development of a set of indicators (effectiveness, efficiency, standard reliability, adequacy), for each of which their content is disclosed, the calculation procedure is provided, and boundary values are determined. Combining the gradations of such indicators in tabular form made it possible to form an overall assessment of the quality of the strategic cost management system.
CREATING AN IMAGE OF EMPLOYER IN ORGANIZATION IN ASPECT OF EMPLOYER BRANDING ON THE EXAMPLE OF RECRUITMENT AGENCIES FROM THE IT INDUSTRY IN WROCŁAW. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Socha Dariusz , Magońska Aleksandra
Published: March 2021

Management process of human resources as a result of rapid technological developments has evolved for years, nowadays with increasing intensity of competition, numerous companies with their human resources department are ahead and face with the big challenges. Most of all, these challenges relate in skillful way to attract in various ways and keep the most talented workers in the company (also known as talents) on for a long cooperation. Activities like these are essential key for the survival of the organization in the business world. That’s why employer branding has gained in importance because to reach a success in fight of talents on the labor market, organizations must keep up-to-date and pull analysis of changes in environment off and react quickly to them. In addition, companies are
forced to reach for such methods like thoughtful and consistent game plan and send proper statements to potential workers and thereby, lead up to reach competitive advantage.
DEALING WITH ANXIETY OF POLISH AND CHINESE MANAGERS
Authors: Copp Tomasz
Published: March 2021

Anxiety is one of the most important categories influencing the work of managers. A certain level of anxiety ensures that the manager is properly motivated. Inflated fear, in turn, negatively affects the work of the manager and so the entire enterprise. The aim of the article is to present the sources of managers anxiety and the areas of its occurrence as also to propose measures to reduce the anxiety of managers. The article presents an analysis of anxiety studies conducted among Polish and Chinese managers.
TYPES AND STRUCTURE OF BUDGET SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN THE SCOPE OF CAP
Authors: Runowski Henryk
Published: March 2021

The aim of the article is to identify the types and structures of applied instruments of financial support for agricultural producers from the budget support in the scope of CAP, justify the aims of financially supporting agricultural producers as well as analyse the structure of this support by incorporating various CAP instruments in the years 2014-2020. Analyses were conducted on the basis of data from the European Court of Auditors for particular EU countries. On the basis of averaged data for this period, it was established that the basic instrument of budget support for agricultural producers are direct payments (BPS or SAPS depending on the EU country). The second most significant instrument is payments for “greening”. Other support instruments are of lesser significance, though continue to play an important social and economic role. In the scope of CAP, there are discrepancies between both the significance and structure of particular budget support instruments for agricultural producers.
Ungarns neues Strafgesetzbuch
Authors: Küpper Herbert
Published: March 2021

In 2012, Hungary enacted a new Criminal Code. The Fidesz government intended this law to embody their ‘new’, i. e. stricter criminal policy. The core piece of that policy, a sort of ‘three-strikes-and-you-are out’ rule, was very soon struck down by the then still independent Constitutional Court. In general, the code has the tendency to impose higher punishments than its precursor, but we can find the opposite tendency as well, in particular in the field of petty crime against material values. Life-long imprisonment may mean now imprisonment until death without release; the European Court of Human Rights, however, mitigated some of the more inhuman traits of that concept. In another point, the code openly contradicts several judgements of the ECtHR: using the red star continues to be a crime in Hungary. In the General Part it is noticeable that the code continues the socialist category of ‘dangerous to the society’. In the timeline prior to the attempt of a crime lies the ‘preparation’ of a crime which is now punishable in quite a few cases. For some crimes, the age of responsibility was lowered from 14 to 12 years. The Special Part is not so very different from other continental criminal codes. It contains a large number of ‘modern’ crimes such as genetic or medical crimes or violations of international sanctions. These provisions have been an empty shell so far. Also the quite impressive range of corruption crimes has remained inactive because the Procurator General defines his principal task to protect the inner power circle and their oligarchs from indictments of their - more and more overt - corrupt practices. In some cases special provisions support various government policies, e.g. the crimes protecting the border fence on the southern border, the punishment of persons and organisations who help refugees, or, quite recently, the highly conflictual paragraph on media coverage of anti-corona measures which, i. a. due to its vagueness, may be abused in order to silence critical journalism.
Die Änderung der russischen Verfassung 2020 – Auswirkungen auf die Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit
Authors: Wieser Bernd
Published: March 2021

The Russian Constitution of 1993 was subjected to its most extensive revision in 2020. The primary purpose of the changes was to strengthen the role of the President of the Republic. In addition, the position of the Constitutional Court was also significantly modified. The various extensions of the Constitutional Court‘s powers can only superficially be classified as “strengthening” the court itself. In terms of “power politics” they primarily benefit the President. He can now dismiss constitutional judges without major procedural obstacles. In all the newly added competencies for preventive abstract normative control, the President is the only body entitled to file an application. In this respect, it is him who can influence and control legislation even more efficiently than before, and the Constitutional Court is realistically no more than its “auxiliary organ.” The fact that the Constitutional Court‘s position as a “defensive instance” against decisions of international courts has been strengthened leads to Russia‘s legal self-isolation and is likely to burden cooperation in international organizations. Other constitutional amendments may well be understood as “upgrading” the Constitutional Court or strengthening the constitutional state. This applies in particular to the considerable expansion of the objects of review in the procedure of individual constitutional complaints and in the procedure of concrete review of norms.
Beyond the Hydrocarbon Economy: The Case of Algeria
Authors: Camporeale Cecilia , Del Ciello Roberto , Jorizzo Mario
Published: March 2021

The energy sector is vital to efforts to combat climate change as well as achieve economic development. The economy of many Middle East and North African (MENA) countries, such as Algeria, Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, is completely based on hydrocarbons which represent the main source of the state revenue. Investing in renewable energy and efficiency is a winner strategy, allowing both to ensure the necessary availability of energy to cover the country’s domestic energy demand and to make more resources available for export to guarantee the state earnings. Renewable sources can be a solution for a transition to a more sustainable economy and a response to the economic stability of these countries affected by the volatility of oil prices. Such a strategy is reflected in improving the attractiveness of foreign investment in the renewable energy sector. Focusing on Algeria, in this article, we analyze the link between the Algerian economy and energy, underlining the current weakness. This work is partially based on the research financed by the meetMED project (WP 3.1) on barriers for domestic and international investors in the energy sector of Algeria.
Innovative Circular Business Models: A Case from the Italian Fashion Industry
Authors: Tortora Marco , Tortora Giuseppe
Published: March 2021

Transition to a sustainable economy signed by a circular vision and culture asks firms for huge investments to innovate their own management, strategies, business models, products, and marketing approaches. The Agenda 2030 and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are an important framework for businesses to change their approach and contribute positively to the global movement to fight climate change. The question is what and how micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMES) can contribute to reduce their impacts while creating more value for them and their stakeholders. This paper aims to answer to this question presenting a case study from Italy where an artisan small firm is innovating to create more positive impacts in circular terms. The focus will be on circular economy and the firms’ material and energy strategies. In doing so, the paper will try to answer the following questions: how easy is for micro and small firms to apply circular economy strategies to contribute to reduce their environmental impacts? Does their strategy coherently compose energy and material flows? The case study will refer to the fashion system in Italy.
Development and Psychometric Assessment of Lapse Management Program and Educational Content After Quitting in Patients with Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Khoshbakht Hoda , Nakhaei Maryam , Esmaeili Aliakbar  , Sharifzadeh Gholamreza , Vagharseyyedin Seyyed Abolfazl
Published: March 2021

Background: Despite advances in the treatment of substance abuse disorders, some clients experience lapse and relapse after treatment. As a stage before relapse, the lapse is a major challenge in the treatment of addiction. Objectives: This study attempted to develop and psychometrically assess a lapse management program and its educational content after quitting in patients with substance use disorders. Methods: This study was performed in two parts. In the first part, the program and its educational content were designed, and in the second part, it was validated using the opinions of 10 experts in two phases. For program validation, face validity and content validity were used both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: The lapse management program and its educational content were designed based on self-awareness skills in eight sessions. The validation results showed that the minimum and maximum CVR values for each component of the program were calculated as 0.8 and 1, respectively. Also, the minimum and maximum CVI values were 0.86 and 1, respectively. Moreover, the average content validity index for the entire program was 0.94. Conclusions: The results showed that the lapse management program and its educational content had a good face and content validity for recovering clients and enjoyed the necessary validity for educational, clinical, and research applications.
Comparison of In Situ Hybridization, Immunohistochemistry, and Reverse Transcription–Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Testing in Tissue
Authors: Roden Anja C. , Vrana Julie A. , Koepplin Justin W. , Hudson Angela E. , Norgan Andrew P. , Jenkinson Garrett , Yamaoka Satoko , Ebihara Hideki , Monroe Robert , Szabolcs Matthias J. , Majumdar Ramanath , Moyer Ann M. , García Joaquín J. , Kipp Benjamin R.
Published: March 2021

Context.—

Small case series have evaluated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and/or RNA in situ hybridization (RNAish).

Objective.—

To compare droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, IHC, and RNAish to detect SARS-CoV-2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue in a large series of lung specimens from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Design.—

Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and RNAish used commercially available probes; IHC used clone 1A9. Twenty-six autopsies of COVID-19 patients with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 62 lung specimens, 22 heart specimens, 2 brain specimens, and 1 liver, and 1 umbilical cord were included. Control cases included 9 autopsy lungs from patients with other infections/inflammation and virus-infected tissue or cell lines.

Results.—

Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction had the highest sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 (96%) when compared with IHC (31%) and RNAish (36%). All 3 tests had a specificity of 100%. Agreement between droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and IHC or RNAish was fair (κ = 0.23 and κ = 0.35, respectively). Agreement between IHC and in situ hybridization was substantial (κ = 0.75). Interobserver reliability was almost perfect for IHC (κ = 0.91) and fair to moderate for RNAish (κ = 0.38–0.59). Lung tissues from patients who died earlier after onset of symptoms revealed higher copy numbers by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (P = .03, Pearson correlation = −0.65) and were more likely to be positive by RNAish (P = .02) than lungs from patients who died later. We identified SARS-CoV-2 in hyaline membranes, in pneumocytes, and rarely in respiratory epithelium. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction showed low copy numbers in 7 autopsy hearts from ProteoGenex Inc. All other extrapulmonary tissues were negative.

Conclusions.—

Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction was the most sensitive and highly specific test to identify SARS-CoV-2 in lung specimens from COVID-19 patients.
High-Resolution Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Diagnosing Biliary Diseases
Authors: Koda Hiroki , Hara Kazuo , Nozomi Okuno , Kuwahara Takamichi , Nobumasa Mizuno , Haba Shin , Akira Miyano , Hajime Isomoto
Published: March 2021

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy is an endoscopic technique that enables in vivo histological evaluation using fluorescent pigment. The ability to diagnostically differentiate between benign and malignant biliary disease using the “CholangioFlexTM”, a dedicated biliary device, has been reported. However, the Miami and Paris classifications, used as diagnostic criteria, mainly evaluate findings in the submucosa, and visualizing the epithelium as the main site of lesions remains difficult. To address this problem, we verified the imaging findings and diagnostic ability of three types of probes: CholangioFlexTM, GastroFlexTM, and AlveoFlexTM. With GastroFlexTM, the clear mucosal epithelium was observed, and differential diagnoses as benign/malignant could be made based on epithelial findings. GastroFlexTM may be a good first-choice probe for probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy of biliary diseases, and a new diagnostic classification based on bile duct epithelial findings may provide useful criteria independent of the Miami or Paris classifications.
Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Portal Vein Thrombus in the Diagnosis and Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Eskandere Dina , Hakim Hazem , Attwa Magdy , Elkashef Wagdi , Altonbary Ahmed Youssef
Published: March 2021

Background/Aims: Malignant portal vein thrombus (PVT) is found in up to 44% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The nature of the thrombus influences treatment selection. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in determining the nature of PVT in liver cirrhosis and/or HCC.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 34 patients with liver cirrhosis and/or HCC with PVT. Under EUS guidance, PVT was punctured using a 22 G FNA needle (Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) followed by monitoring of the puncture tract using color Doppler. Patients were followed for adverse events 2 hours after recovery.Results: Throughout the 30-month study period, 34 patients, including 24 males with a mean age of 59±8 years, were enrolled. There were 8 patients with known HCC and 26 with no liver masses detected by computed tomography (CT). EUS-FNA from PVT was positive for malignancy in 3 patients (8.8%), of which only 1 patient was diagnosed with HCC by CT and 2 patients were newly diagnosed with HCC after EUS-FNA. No major complications were reported.Conclusions: EUS-FNA is a safe and effective technique for determining the nature of PVT that does not fulfill the malignant criteria via imaging studies in patients with liver cirrhosis and/or HCC.
Feasibility of Wearable Display Glasses for Medical Students in the Endoscopy Room
Authors: Lee Kang Won , Choi Hyuk Soon , Chun Hoon Jai , Lee Jae Min , Kim Eun Sun , Keum Bora , Seo Yeon Seok , Jeen Yoon Tae , Um Soon Ho , Lee Hong Sik
Published: March 2021

Background/Aims: Several attempts have been made to incorporate smart glasses in the medical field. We applied wearable display glasses to show the position of an observer during endoscopy and compared students’ responses between the conventional and new methods.Methods: We surveyed 28 medical students regarding the use of wearable display devices. The students used wearable display glasses to observe an endoscopic procedure and answered the prepared questionnaire. Their collected responses were analyzed for statistical correlations between each variable.Results: The survey of medical students revealed disadvantages including dizziness (dissatisfied and very dissatisfied: 21.5%) and eye fatigue (25% dissatisfied) and advantages including concentration (satisfied and very satisfied: 57.2%) and securing patient rights (71.4%). The students showed more positive than negative reviews regarding the new devices (32.1% vs. 21.5%).Conclusions: We investigated the advantages and disadvantages of viewing the endoscope image with new wearable display glasses compared to the conventional method using the survey to record user experience. The results revealed relatively positive responses from the medical students in the survey. If the new device compensates for some shortcomings, its use in the endoscopy room will be feasible.
ENQUÊTE SUR LES SERVICES REÇUS ET LES BESOINS DE SOUTIEN DE PARENTS DE PERSONNES PRÉSENTANT UNE DÉFICIENCE INTELLECTUELLE AU QUÉBEC
Authors: Picard Isabelle , Morin Diane , Rutt Karen
Published: March 2021

Une vaste enquête a été réalisée auprès de 567 parents de personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle (DI) dans le but de recenser les services reçus, l’aide perçue quant à ces services ainsi que les besoins de soutien des parents. Les résultats révèlent des différences significatives selon l’âge et le niveau de DI de la personne. Les besoins les plus exprimés par l’ensemble des répondants concernent l’avenir et le vieillissement de la personne présentant une DI. Les types et les sources de soutien considérés les plus et les moins aidants sont aussi présentés. Des objectifs visant à expliquer les profils d’utilisation des services, de l’aide perçue et des besoins sont discutés.