bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Perception of Chronic Kidney Disease in a Semi-urban Community in North-east Nigeria
Authors: Abdu A , Umar M S , Audi K Y
Published: July 2020

Of the nine million individuals on dialysis worldwide, more than 90% are in developed countries with lower figures reported from lower to middle-income countries. This is mainly due to Unaffordability of this therapy by the great majority of people who are poor and living in rural areas. There is, therefore, the need for effective preventive measures to reduce the progression of patients to End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). This can only be achieved by properly educating the people. This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on World Kidney day 2018 at Bayara a semi-urban community near Bauchi metropolis. Interviewer-assisted questionnaires were administered to all individuals to assess the knowledge and perception of the participants. A total of 132 individuals completed the questionnaire out of which 81.8% were females. The mean age of the participants was 39.98±12.5 years and a range of 15-65 years. About 27.3% of the respondents didn’t know the correct number and position of the kidney. 65% didn’t know any risk factor for kidney disease while 4.5% and 1.5% could mention hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Knowledge of Salt intake and Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Adeagbo A O , Omosanya O E , Ayodapo A O , Elegbede O T , Shabi O M
Published: July 2020

As the prevalence of hypertension increases in adult Nigerians, achieving target blood pressure (BP) control has become an important management challenge. High salt intake is an important risk factor for hypertension and its high intake prevents adequate BP control. This study aims to explore the knowledge of salt intake and blood pressure control among hypertensive patients. Data were collected from a cross-sectional sample involving 564 adult hypertensive patients that were followed for at least 3 months prior to recruitment to this study. Data collection comprised interviewer-administered structured questionnaires about demographics, knowledge and practices related to salt, followed by measurement of blood pressure. A majority (92.9%) of the respondents knew that eating too much salt could affect health and less than one-half (40.1%) actually knew that not more than one teaspoon of salt should be consumed daily. Nearly all respondents (516) knew high BP to be a possible consequence of high salt intake. Among those that took a lot of salty food, 87.7% and 78.5% had high systolic BP and diastolic BP respectively. Although the majority of respondents were knowledgeable about the adverse effects of salt, few knew the daily intake recommended value. The higher the dietary salt intake, the higher the chances of having poor BP control. Increased knowledge about recommended salt intake and individual guidance could be important for reducing salt intake in hypertensive patients.
Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Silver Nanoparticles from Securidaca Longepedunculata and Artocarpus Heterophyllus Powders and Evaluation of their Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Ikyenge B A , Agbidye I G , Idoko F R , Adoga S O
Published: July 2020

Aqueous extracts of Securidacalongepedunculata and Artocarpusheterophyllus were screened for photochemicals and both were found to contain saponins, tannins, flavonoid, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and alkaloids. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out from these extracts. The formation and stability of the reduced nanoparticles in the colloidal solutions were monitored using UV-visible spectroscopy. The Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), indicated the presence of bio-molecules responsible for reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. The morphology of the nanoparticles formed from Securidacalongepedunculata was flake like and that from Artocarpusheterophyllus was plate-like as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoparticles from both plants showed potent anti-bacterial activities towards Staphylococcus aureus, a gram positive bacterium.
Wavelet Analysis of Stocks in the Nigerian Capital Market
Authors: Okonkwo C U , Osu B O , Uchendu K , Chibuisi C
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the relationship between some selected stocks in the Nigerian Capital Market was investigated using wavelet analysis. The selected stocks are Dangote Cement (Dans) representing the housing sector, Julius Berger (Jbger) representing the Construction industry, Nestle Nigerian Plc (Nese) representing the food and beverages sector and United Bank of Africa (Ubas) representing the banking sector. The goal is to find out how the different sector relate to each other, t also serve as a guide for investors in the Nigerian stock Market. The result shows that on low frequencies, the coherence between stocks are low but volatile. The cross wavelet showed that there is little or no covariability in the magnitude of the movement among the selected stocks but there are co-variability in the direction of the movement. The continuous wavelet transform (wavelet spectrum) shows that for all the stocks, there is high volatility at the low frequency scales and low volatility at high frequency scales. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) suggests that in the absence of noise, Nese (representing the food and beverage industry is the most volatile stock.
Investigating the Performance of Horvitz-Thompson and Generalized Regression Estimators in Small Domains with Application to Income and Expenditure of Households in Makurdi-Nigeria
Authors: Ikughur A J , Imande M T , Vambe S
Published: July 2020

In this study, efficiencies of Horvitz-Thompson (HT) and Generalized Regression (GREG) estimatorsare investigated in small domains namely Domain 1, 2 and 3. Efficiency criteria include the standarderror of the estimates (SE) and coefficient of variation (CV) Computed for the study population ofsize 1052 households consisting of domain size of 885, 151 and 16 and domain samples sizes of 167,29 and 3 respectively for Domains 1, 2 and 3. The estimates produced by HT estimator GREGestimator performs better than HT estimator with domain
A Chaos based image Encryption Scheme using one Dimensional Exponential Logistic Map.
Authors: Gbaden Terlumun
Published: July 2020

The widespread use of images in various sectors of life makes its protection increasingly necessary and important. An improvement over encryption and decryption algorithm using exponential logistic chaotic map was proposed. In this work, we adopt an encryption/decryption strategy for colour images using the exponential logistic chaotic map. The proposed encryption/decryption algorithms are implemented in MATLAB for computer simulation. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms can be used successfully to encrypt/decrypt images with secret keys. The performance analysis using histogram uniformity analysis and correlation coefficient show that the algorithms give larger space, quick speed and easy to realize. The encrypted images have good encryption effect and low correlation coefficient rendering it a good candidate for confidential and secure means of transmitting image information in untrusted networks.
User-Centric Cyber Disaster Recovery as a Service
Authors: Karim U , Inyiama H C , Karim R
Published: July 2020

In a world of interdependent economies and online transactions, a large volume of data hosted on the cyberspace a daily bases. Cyber threats and attacks are steadily increasing. Most time, these threats and attacks are targeted at service providers but service users are greatly affected by the attacks due to their vulnerability level. When disasters knockdown the infrastructures of a single service provider, it will have ripple effects on thousands of innocent service users. Therefore, service users need more than ever to prepare for major crises targeted at their service providers. To cope with this trends, every service user requires an independent business continuity plan (BCP) or disaster recovery plan (DRP) and data backup policy which falls within their cost constraints while achieving the target recovery requirements in terms of recovery time objective (RTO) and recovery point objective (RPO). The aim of this paper is to develop a model for a user-centric disaster recovery system to enable service users to independently develop their data backup policies that best suits their remote databases, and host same as a cloud service deployable on public cloud for users to subscribe to and be billed on pay-as-you-go billing model. The system developed is highly compatible with MYSQL, MSSQL and Oracle databases. A combination of Dynamic System Development Methodology (DSDM) and Object- Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology (OOADM) were used to design the system while Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) is used to develop the system. The encryption and compression mechanisms of the system were tested with various sizes of backup files ranging from 64 Kb to 20Mb and several performance metrics such as (1) Encryption time; (2) Compression size; (3) CPU clock cycles and battery power are compared and analysed with some well-known encryption and compression algorithms.
A Stochastic Model for Assessing the Efficacy of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) on Farmers Living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Agada P O , Apeagee B B , Ogwuche I O
Published: July 2020

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains one of the greatest public health challenges still facing Nigeria and the entire world as it has become drug resistant in some patients. Hence, treatment failure and spread of drug resistant HIV/AIDS results. In view of this, it becomes imperative to assess the efficacy of the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) treatment and hence the life expectancy of the HIV/AIDS patients. This was achieved in this study via a stochastic model based on the Markov chain modelling methodology. The CD4 cell counts of a sample of 28,582 patients (farmers) receiving treatment every six (6) months at the HIV counselling and Testing (HCT) unit of the Federal Medical Centre Makurdi, Benue State was used in the modelling process. The CD4 cell count states were developed based on the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification system as follows; State 1: CD4 cell counts ≥ 500 cells/μL, State 2: CD4 cell count in the range of 200 – 499 cells/ μL, and State 3: CD4 cell count < 200 cells/ μL. They represent the Good, Moderate and Poor health states of the patients respectively. The HIV/AIDS progression in the study was investigated using The N-Step transition probability Matrix of the Markov Chain while, the efficacy of the ART was examined from one CD4 cell count state to another using the Steady State probabilities of the Markov Chain as well as the Mean Recurrence Time of each CD4 count state. The study result shows that; the initial probabilities that a patient will stay in the good, moderate, and poor health states in the first six (6) months of the ART are; 0.834, 0.333 and 0.280 respectively. The overall efficacy of the ART showed a 78%, 19%, and 3.3% chances that a patient will be in the Good, Moderate and Poor health states respectively with respective mean recurrence times of 0.64, 2.69 and 14.99 years. Further results shows that the total life expectancy of patients in the good and moderate health states are 20.425 and 19.275 years respectively. The study recommends that the methodology be applied to a cohort study to further validate study these results.
ANALISIS SITUASI PEMBELAJARAN IPA FISIKA DENGAN METODE DARING DI TENGAH WABAH COVID-19
Authors: Napsawati Napsawati
Published: July 2020

Covid-19. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif.adapun lokasi penelitian yaitu Dusun Seppange, Desa Tungk,Kecamatan Bengo Kabupaten Bone. Informan dalam penelitian ini yaitu peserta didik MTS DDI Seppange dan Guru Mata Pelajaran IPA Fisika MTS DDI Seppange. Fokus penelitian ini yaitu situasi pembelajaran IPA Fisika dengan metode pembalajaran online atau daring di tengah wabah Covid-19. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi wawancara, dan observasi. . Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini yang mengacu pada masalah penelitian yaitu reduksi data, display data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan metode pembelajaran konvensional yang dilakukan secara diskusi, tanya jawab dan tatap muka secara langsung antara guru dan peserta didik menjadi pembelajaran dengan metode daring akibat pandemik wabah Covid -19 menimbulkan masalah baru dalam proses pembelajaran diantaranya, situasi pembelajaran yang kurang kondusif, kesulitan guru dalam mentransfer materi pelajaran kepada peserta didik. Selanjutnya kesulitan peserta didik dalam memahami materi pelajaran khusunya materi perhitungan, keterbatasan sebagian peserta didik dan/atau orang tua peserta didik dalam membeli data internetan dan jaringan internet yang kurang bagus mengharuskan aplikasi yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran adalah aplikasi Massenger.

Selanjutnya dalam menghadapi kendala tersebut, guru mata pelajaran IPA Fisika MTS DDI Seppange berusaha untuk memberikanmateri secara bertahap dengan bahasa yang sederhada dan mudah dimengerti untuk membantu peserta didik dalam memahami materi yang ada.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL ELEKTRONIKA DASAR MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN FISIKA UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM MAROS
Authors: Sakti Irma
Published: July 2020

Abstrak : Pengembangan modul elektronika dasar mahasiswa pendidikan fisika Universitas Muslim Maros. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan modul elektronika dasar yang valid dan reliabel. Pengembangan perangkat ini menggunakan model 4D yang meliputi tahap define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Uji coba modul dilaksanakan pada mahasiswa pendidikan fisika Universitas Muslim Maros semester ganjil tahun akademik 2019/2020. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa kualitas perangkat pembelajaran telah memenuhi kriteria sangat valid sebesar 3.77, dan reliabel sebesar 0,87 serta mendapat respon positif dari mahasiswa sebesar 87%.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEMAMPUAN MENGENALI DIRI DAN KEMAMPUAN MENGONTROL DIRI TERHADAP INTENSI MENCONTEK MATA PELAJARAN FISIKA SISWA MA MADANI ALAUDDIN PAO-PAO KAB. GOWA
Authors: Permana Imam , Kadir Fitriani
Published: July 2020

Abstrak: Hubungan antara Kemampuan Mengenali Diri dan Kemampuan Mengontrol Diri dengan Intensi Mencontek Siswa MA Madani Alauddin Pao-Pao Kab. Gowa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginterpretasikan hubungan antara kemampuan mengenali diri dan kemampuan mengontrol diri dengan intensi mencontek mata pelajaran fisika siswa MA Madani Alauddin Pao-Pao Kab. Gowa. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa dengan teknik sampel Proportional Stratified Random Sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial untuk uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis deskriptif diperoleh skor rata-rata kemampuan mengenali diri siswa dan kemampuan mengontrol diri berada pada kategori cukup. Serta skor rata-rata intensi menyontek mata pelajaran fisika siswa berada pada kategori sedang. Adapun hasil analisis inferensial menunjukkan nilai Fhitung adalah 179,38 sedangkan Ftabel pada taraf signifikansi 5% adalah 3,26. Dengan demikian, nilai Fhitung jauh lebih besar dari pada nilai Ftabel maka Ha diterima, artinya terdapat hubungan yang negatif dan signifikan antara kemampuan mengenali diri dan kemampuan mengontrol diri dengan intensi menyontek mata pelajaran fisika siswa MA Madani Alauddin Pao-Pao Kab. Gowa.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBASIS HYPERCONTENT PADA KONSEP SUHU DAN KALOR
Authors: Handayani Yusri , Marisda Dewi Hikmah
Published: July 2020

Abstrak: Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Berbasis Hypercontent pada Konsep Suhu dan Kalor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatkan hasil belajar fisika peserta didik kelas VII A2 SMP Unismuh Makassar melalui melalui model pembelajaran discovery learning berbasis hypercontent. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas VII SMP Unismuh Makassar pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2019/2020 yaitu 120 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VII A2 yang terdiri dari 22 orang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus, di mana tiap siklus mengandung empat tahapan yakni perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, refleksi. Hasil belajar fisika peserta didik kelas VII A2 SMP Unismuh Makassar dari siklus I dengan persentase 86,36% masuk dikategori tidak tuntas sedangkan kategori tuntas masih rendah yaitu sekitar 13, 63% sedangkan siklus II sudah mengalami peningkatan ketuntasan. Persentase siklus II untuk kategori tidak tuntas mengalami penurunan menjadi 36,36 % dan persentase ketuntasan naik menjadi 63,63 %.
PENGARUH RASIO AKTIVITAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN LABA BERSIH PADA PT. JAPFA COMFEED INDONESIA TBK.
Authors: Alwi Muhammad , Dahlan Dahlan
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Rasio aktivitas terhadap pertumbuhan laba bersih pada PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Makassar Tbk. Ini menggunakan metode rasio aktivitas dengan rumus perputaran total assets dan rumus pertumbuhan laba bersih serta regresi sederhana.dan jangka waktu yang di teliti selama lima tahun terakhir yaitu pada tahun 2014 sampai dengan 2018.Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan koefisien korelasi diperoleh sebesar 0,394. Dengan melihat hasil dan tabel pedoman interpretasi koefisien korelasi, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang rendah antara rasio Aktivitas dengan pertumbuhan laba bersih pada PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Makassar Tbk. karena berada pada interval koefisien korelasi yaitu 0,20 -0,399 rendah yakni sebesar 0,155 atau 15,5% dan sisahnya 84,5 % di pengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak di teliti pada penelitian ini.Berdasarkan perhitungan t hitung dengan t tabel menunjukkan bahwa t hitung 0,743 sedangkan untuk t tabel sebesar 3,182 artinya 0,743 < 3,182 ini menandakan bahwa hipotesis di tolak karena t hitung lebih kecil dari pada t tabel.
PENGARUH KEBERADAAN MINIMARKET TERHADAP TINGKAT PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG PASAR TRADISIONAL DI KECAMATAN TURIKALE KABUPATEN MAROS
Authors: Hikma Nurul , Sarnawiah Sarnawiah
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Keberadaan Minimarket Terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Pedagang Pasar Tradisonal di Kecamatan Turikale Kabupaten Maros. Data yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah data primer berupa data yang didapatkan dari hasil wawancara. Sementara data sekunder berupa jumlah Minimarket di seluruh Kabupaten Maros yang didapatkan dari Kantor Dinas Koperasi, UMKM, dan Perdagangan (KOPUNDAG), dan Jumlah Minimarket yang didirikan tiap tahun mulai dari tahun 2011 sampai 2018 serta buku-buku dan jurnal yang mengenai Pengaruh Keberadaan Minimarket terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Pedagang pasar Tradisional.Metode analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan regresi linear sederhana, koefisien korelasi, koefisien determinasi, dan uji t (uji parsial) dengan perhitungan melalui SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Minimarket berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat pendapatan pedagang Pasar Tradisonal di Kecamatan Turikale Kabupaten Maros.
ANALISIS PENGUKURAN, PENGAKUAN DAN PENGUNGKAPAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF PSAK NO. 14 TENTANG AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN
Authors: Anggraeni Dewi
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisa kesesuaian penerapan Pengukuran, pengakuan dan pengungkapan dalam Perspektif Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK) No. 14 tahun 2017 tentang akuntansi persediaan dengan penerapan akuntansi persediaan pada PT. Artha Wahana Surya. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Metode analisis yang digunakan deskristif komparatif. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan penerapan pengukuran, pengakuan dan pengungkapan akuntansi persediaan barang dagang yang diterapkan pada PT. Wirajaya belum sepenuhnya sesuai menurut Perspektif Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK No. 14 tahun 2017)
PENGARUH BIAYA PROMOSI TERHADAP PEROLEHAN LABA BERSIH PADA PT. PRIMA KARYA MANUNGGAL KABUPATEN PANGKEP
Authors: Hanafi Muh. Alam Nasyrah
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Biaya Promosi terhadap Perolehan Laba Bersih pada PT. Prima Karya Manunggal Kabupaten Pangkep.Berdasarkan hasil olah data SPSS versi 22 diperoleh koefesien korelasi sebesar 489, berdasarkan interpretasi nilai r tingkat hubungan antara biaya promosi (X) dengan laba bersih (Y) pada PT. Prima Karya Manunggal di nilai sedang.Berdasarkan hasil olah data SPSS versi 22 diperoleh nilai t hitung sebesar (-.971) < t tabel 2,776 dimana nilai signifikan sebesar 0,403 > 0,05 maka hipotesis ditolak yang artinya biaya promosi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perolehan laba bersih pada PT. Prima Karya Manunggal kabupaten Pangkep.
ANALISIS PERPUTARAN PIUTANG UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. PRIMA KARYA MANUNGGAL KABUPATEN PANGKEP
Authors: Nur Sri Wahyuni , Hidayati Ulfa , Nurfitriani Nurfitriani
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mentgetahui kinerja keuangan dengan menganalisis perputaran piutang dari Tahun 2015 sampai Tahun 2019. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah PT. Prima Karya Manunggal kabupaten Pangkep. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menganalisis rasio perputaran piutang yaitu Receivable Turn Over (RTO), Average Collection Period (ACP), dan Rasio Tunggakan. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil perhitungan RTO setiap tahunya cenderung berfluktuasi berarti kinerja perusahaan sudah efektif dan efisien dalam pengendalian piutang yang dilakukan perusahaan. Hasil perhitungan ACP PT. Prima Karya Manunggal Kabupaten Pangkep yang semakin kecil jumlahnya, akan tetapi jumlah pelanggan yang membayar lewat jatuh tempo masih ada. Hasil perhitungan rasio tunggakan PT. Prima Karya Manunggal Kabupaten Pangkep yang menunjukkan penurunan akan tetapi pada kenyataanya piutang tertunggak perusahaaan bertambah pada setiap kelompok, untuk menguragi piutang tertunggak, seharusnya perusahaan mempunyai batasan kredit, untuk pelanggan yang mempunyai tunggakan tidak diperbolehkan membeli barang lagi sebelum piutang tertunggak dibayar meskipun itu adalah pelanggan lama.
Iklim Komunikasi dan Partisipasi dalam Program Pertanian Perkotaan
Authors: Amaliyah Nizzatul , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi
Published: July 2020

Urban farming programs are considered capable of overcoming problems in the city such as food availability. Urban farming activities can be successful if people participate. This study aims to analyze the relationship of individual characteristics with participation level in urban agriculture program, analyzing climate communication relationship of KWT Dahlia Indah and KWT Nusa Indah Lestari with participation level, and to analyze the relationship of participation level in the success of urban farming program in KWT Dahlia Indah and KWT Nusa Indah Lestari. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a questionnaire instrument and supported by qualitative data with in-depth interviews of informants and respondents using question guides. The results of this study indicate that individual characteristics are not related to the level of participation. The existing communication climate in KWT is supportive and related to the level of participation. While the level of participation has a significant relationship with the success rate of urban farming program.
Dialog dan Tindakan Kolektif Kelompok Tani dalam Program Sertifikasi Kakao di Provinsi Sulawesi Barat
Authors: Asia Nur , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi , Gandasari Dyah
Published: July 2020

The cocoa certification program is the implementation of cocoa management practices that meet sustainable agricultural standards. This program is part of the commitment of cocoa sector stakeholders to realize sustainable cocoa. West Sulawesi Province is one of cocoa production centers in Indonesia. The implementation of cocoa certification in this province is still low, about 8.4% of the total cocoa farmers. This study aims to determine the potential for sustainability of the adoption of Cocoa Certification from development communication aspect by conducting an assessment on dialogue and collective action of farmer groups. The research conducted in Luyo Sub-District Polewali Mandar District West Sulawesi Province using survey method with descriptive correlation analysis. The sample size is 41 groups with 205 respondents. Descriptive analysis shows the average index of the implementation of community dialogue and collective action of 56.05,50,88 and 65.72 from a maximum score of 100. The results indicated that perception of farmers on the observability of Cocoa Certification and the role of facilitators are significant related to dialogue and collective action of farmer groups. The dialogue in the group is significant correlated with their collective action. So, some farmer groups have potential to continue to adopt the Cocoa Certification standard but others have potential to quit.
Hibridisasi Ritus Tradisional sebagai Media Komunikasi Pembangunan di Kecamatan Cempa Kabupaten Pinrang
Authors: Suryaalim Andi Muhammad Agriawan , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi , Pertamasari Riko Bintari
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of hybridization results in conventional extension and the traditional rites(especially the ceremony of down to rice field), hybridization requirements, and potential benefits for communication development. The research was conducted in two rice farming communities in Cempa Sub-district, Pinrang District, South Sulawesi Province. The research method used is the ethnography of communication with the taking of data through observation and in-depth interview. Activities observed in this research, namely Rembuk Madya, Tudang Sipulung, and Mappalili (ritual ceremony). In-depth interviews were conducted on 10 purposely selected informants, consisting ofextension officers, traditional leaders, leaders of peasant organizations, and farmers. The results indicate dynamics on hybridization practices in the three activities. These differences are based on communication objectives and participants' information needs. The conditions of hybridization can be categorized based on the internal conditions of the community and community relations with the government. Hybridization in the practice of extension and tradition rites is beneficial for maintaining social capacity, as well as increasing the participation of local farmers in agricultural development programs.
Measuring Learner Outcomes
Authors: Owen Eugene , Moskowitz Jay , Stephens Maria
Published: July 2020

This article describes the work to develop information on learner outcomes being undertaken through the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD) International Indicators of Education Systems (INES) Project.
Educational purposes economicus: Globalization and the Reshaping of Educational Purpose in Three Canadian Provinces
Authors: Wallace Janice
Published: July 2020

I explore the ways in which the discourse of globalization has shaped purposes of public education into what I will call purposes economicus - that is, the reshaping of educational purpose by the perceived demands of a competitive global economy. I argue that the effects of globalization on existing constructions of economic and social privilege have had a pernicious effect on broader possibilities for public schooling in order to enhance private privilege. However, purposes of public education are highly contested and their capture by the perceived inevitability of what have emerged as highly congruent educational policies across Anglo-American capitalist democracies is always incomplete and can, therefore, be resisted.
Review of Text Authenticity Relationship with Language Learner Motivation and Communicative Competence
Authors: Ahmad Hamdi , Millar Robert McColl
Published: July 2020

Although the call for a more learner-centered pedagogy has long existed in English language teaching, viewpoints are still very controversial on what type of materials should be used in language classrooms. This paper is aimed at defining and addressing the ambiguities surrounding the concept of text authenticity and its relationship with language learner motivation and communicative competence in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT). However, wherever possible, for the purpose of maintaining criticality, data associated with pedagogic materials are also discussed. The study is based upon the theoretical strategy of research represented in a critical review of a number of research studies aimed at defining the concept of text authenticity and investigating the effects of authentic materials on language learners’ individual differences, namely learner motivation and communicative competence. The findings obtained from the literature review revealed that aspects of text authenticity may be situated in the text itself, the participants, social or cultural situations and purposes of the communicative act, or some combination of these elements. Equally important, the study concluded that a lack in language learners’ motivation and deficiency in their overall communicative competence in the English language can be attributed to teachers’ exclusive reliance on contrived text materials in a typical form of textbooks. The study recommends that teacher training courses should be aimed to develop language teachers’ practical knowledge and skills necessary for evaluating and designing TESOL materials. In addition, to introduce authentic materials into language classrooms, syllabus writers and classroom teachers need to take into consideration this methodological framework consisting of three sequential procedures: 1) conducting a careful analysis of learners’ needs in context, 2) selecting authentic texts in light of learners’ needs already analyzed in context, 3) basing teaching on the Task-Based Learning (TBL) approach that stresses the importance of activating learner schemata, awareness-raising activities and task differentiation. This triangulation methodology is likely to contribute to reducing the difficulty of text authenticity and realizing comprehensible input.
VEGF and TNF-α Responses to Acute and Chronic Aerobic Exercise in the Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rezaee Shoeib , Kahrizi Sedighe , Nabavi Seyed Massood , Hedayati Mehdi
Published: July 2020

Background: Aerobic exercise has been shown to decrease the functional disorders related to multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, the effect of aerobic exercise training on the cytokines and neuroprotective mediators associated with the disease activity has remained relatively unknown. Objectives: The present research was conducted to evaluate the responses of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to single-bout and six-week aerobic exercise training in the patients with MS. Methods: Totally, 20 subjects ((n = 10) patients with MS and (n = 10) controls) who were matched in terms of gender, weight, body mass, and age were included in the study. Participants received aerobic exercise training at approximately 60% of VO2max in 30-min sessions 3 times a week for six weeks. Serum concentrations of the VEGF and TNF-α were analyzed pre- and post-exercise training (in the first session and after 18 sessions of the study). Results: Serum concentration of the TNF-α decreased significantly after a single bout and 6-week aerobic exercise training (P = 0.002 and P = 0.005) in the intervention group. Serum concentration of the VEGF increased significantly only after exercise in the first and 18th sessions in the intervention group (P = 0.017 and P = 0.022). Conclusions: Our results revealed that exercise may influence the VEGF regulation in patients with MS. Although, further research is needed to determine the effect of exercise on the immune variables in patients with MS.
The Production Function of the Hospitals in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kazemi Marjan , Karimi Mohammad Sharif
Published: July 2020

Context: Hospitals are the most important section in relation to health economy, accounting for 50-80% of the health budget in developing countries. Objectives: The present study aimed to estimate the production functions of the hospitals in Iran. Data Sources: This systematic review was conducted via searching in the international databases of Scopus, ISI, PubMed and Persian databases of IDML, SID, MagIran for access to data in 2019 with no time limits using keywords such as hospitals, hospital performance, hospital performance assessment, production function estimation, and Iran. The required data on the authors, year of publication, language of publication, and number of hospitals were extracted from the articles using a checklist. The extracted data were categorized and interpreted in the Excel software. Results: The initial search yielded 334 articles, which were extracted and reviewed based on their title, abstract, and elimination of the duplicates. In total, 12 articles were obtained for the final analysis. The mean elasticity of the inputs for physicians, nurses, active beds, and other staff was 0.22, 0.55, 0.64, and 0.36, respectively. In addition, the marginal production of the factors for physicians, nurses, active beds, and other staff was 53.22, 32.56, 41.10, and 38.56, respectively. The marginal production of all the inputs was positive. Conclusions: Considering the positive marginal production of all the inputs, it is suggested that the utilization of the inputs increase due to their elasticity in order to improve efficiency, which is a priority for using active hospital bed. It is also advisable to assess various sections of each hospital rather than on a hospital level and evaluate productivity and efficiency.
A Rare Cause of Delayed Puberty in Two Siblings: A Case Report
Authors: Kocaay Pınar
Published: July 2020

Introduction: 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency (17-OHD) is an infrequent autosomal recessive disorder in adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis due to the CYP17A1 defect. Affected girls are characterized by delayed puberty, absence of secondary sex characteristics at puberty, and primary amenorrhea. Affected boys show female or ambiguous genitalia. Hormone imbalances result in varying degrees of hypertension and hypokalemia. The increase in corticosterone levels prevents the development of typical adrenal insufficiency symptoms. Glucocorticoid and sex steroid supplementation is the preferred treatment. Case Presentation: We reported two phenotypically female siblings, aged 14 and 25 years, with the 17-OHD from Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. The younger child had a 46,XX karyotype and the older had a 46,XY chromosome pattern. Another feature of the second patient (aged 25 years), was the presence of a large myelolipoma in her right adrenal gland. Conclusions: 17 alpha-hydroxylase patients are usually diagnosed late, and unlike patients with other forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypertension is the major finding, and 10% - 15% of patients have normal blood pressure at diagnosis. The delay in diagnosis causes hypertension and renovascular changes, psychological problems, osteoporosis, and irreversible damage to breast tissue.
Engelske lån i dansk: Nice to have eller need to have?
Authors: Andersen Margrethe Heidemann
Published: July 2020

Den engelske påvirkning af dansk er et emne der ofte debatteres i Danmark, men holdningerne til om den er en trussel eller ej, er delte. Mens mange medier og sprogbrugere opfatter engelskpåvirkningen som kraftig og potentielt truende, betragter mange sprogfolk påvirkningen som mindre kraftig og ikketruende. Tidligere undersøgelser af almensproget, defineret som det sprog man finder i landsdækkende aviser, har tidligere vist at mængden af engelske lån i løbende tekst er relativt beskeden, men andre tekstarter (fx ugeblade) kan være mere påvirkede end avissproget, ligesom især unges uformelle talesprog ofte nævnes som et område hvor man finder relativt mange engelske lån. I artiklen her undersøges det derfor hvor mange engelske lån der findes i en række ugeblade og i det sprog som unge anvender i realityprogrammet Ex on the Beach. Resultatet af undersøgelsen er at mængden af engelske lån også her er meget begrænset, men at forskellige faktorer kan få engelskpåvirkningen til at virke større end den reelt er. Ikke mindst det at engelske lån som regel ikke tilpasses dansk ortografi og fonologi, og at der findes relativt mange engelske lån i nogle bestemte pågående genrer, fx reklamer og annoncer, har betydning for den almindelige sprogbrugers opfattelse af hvor kraftig engelskpåvirkningen er.
Dansk under påvirkning af spansk: Sporene af det spanske  se  i argentinadansk
Authors: Hartling Anna Sofie
Published: July 2020

Dansk tales i dag af en lille minoritet af efterkommere af danske udvandrere i Argentina og har i mere end 150 år været i kontakt med det omgivende majoritetssprog spansk. Denne kontakt har udmøntet sig i alle typer af overførsel af sprogligt materiale fra spansk til dansk. Under en antagelse om at dels meget frekvente strukturer, dels intersystemisk ækvivalente strukturer i særlig grad indlånes og reanalyseres i modtagersproget, undersøger artiklen påvirkningen fra konstruktioner med den spanske se-partikel i argentinadansk. Artiklen har fokus på se-påvirkede konstruktioner som indeholder sig (mig, dig, os, jer), især hvor det er anvendt reciprokt, men undersøgelsen kan påvise at alle se’s funktioner i spansk er repræsenteret med sig i argentinadansk. I lyset af analysen af se-påvirkede sig-konstruktioner, som viser sig at være et felt med stor intra- og intertalervariation, diskuterer artiklen om argentinadansk kan anses for at være en ny selvstændig varietet af dansk.
”Hvad betyder wallah?”: Sociolingvistisk forandring, sprog-i-brug og arabisk i dansk
Authors: Sif Karrebæk Martha
Published: July 2020

Børn i Danmark i dag møder sproglige ressourcer, som knyttes til forskellige måder at tale på; ’dansk’, ’arabisk’ eller den måde, man taler på med vennerne. Dermed er sproglig diversitet et (hverdags)faktum. Hvad det betyder for såvel udviklingen af dansk som for sprogbrugerne selv, er et væsentligt spørgsmål. I en social tilgang til sprog inddrages mere end ét semantisk niveau i betydningsanalysen. Aktiviteter, domæner og de forhandlinger, der foregår gennem og i forhold til sprog, er væsentlige for, hvad sproget kommer til at betyde. I denne artikel vil jeg bidrage til diskussionen af relationen mellem sociolingvistisk sprogforandring og børns situerede sproglige møder. Jeg undersøger sprogi- brug hos børn i en ret almindelig københavnsk skoleklasse med elever fra forskellige sociale, etniske og sproglige baggrunde fra 0. til 4. klasse. En dreng med dansk baggrund er den centrale deltager. Fokus er på den ideologiske og metapragmatiske forståelse af sproglige ressourcer, der associeres med ikke-dansk. Bidraget anvender et begrebsapparat fra den lingvistiske antropologi såsom registergørelse, indeksikalitet, det komplette sproglige faktum og forskelsskabende akser. Data inkluderer optagelser af hverdagsliv og mere eliciteret sprog-i-brug.
The Importance of Risk Management for the Introduction of Modern Warehouse Technologies
Authors: Muha Robert , Škerlič Sebastjan , Erčulj Vanja
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study is to determine whether the presence of risk management in a warehouse requires the implementation of modern warehouse technology. On the basis of the literature analysis, it was possible to determine that there is a correlation between the presence of the highest level of risk management and the use of modern warehouse technology in individual warehousing processes. For this purpose, a statistical analysis was carried out on a sample of companies operating in the Slovenian automotive industry. The results did not reveal a tangible correlation between the presence of risk management with the use of individual modern warehouse technology, the motivation for its use and errors in its use. The results of the study therefore, highlight the problems that are present in the warehousing system of the Slovenian companies in the automotive industry, which are related to substandard technological equipment in the warehouses and to the discrepancy between the level of manufacturing automation and the level of warehousing automation. The results are important for the Slovenian automotive industry in terms of the implementation of modern warehouse technology in the high-tech automotive industry.
Impact of Economic Crisis on Passenger Transportation – Case of Travelling to the Greek Mainland from Crete
Authors: Chita Eleni , Drimili Efi , Gareiou Zoe , Milioti Christina , Vranna Antigoni , Poulopoulos Stavros , Zervas Efthimios
Published: July 2020

The Greek economic crisis of 2009 onwards has affected all aspects of social and economic life of the country, including transportation. The present study focuses on the impact of economic crisis on the long distance transportation between the island of Crete in Greece, the largest Greek island and one of the largest in the Mediterranean Sea, and the Greek mainland. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the opinions of the Cretans on the way the economic crisis influenced their transportation to the Greek mainland. The results of the survey show that the frequency of the Cretans’ travels was significantly limited, owing to the increased direct or indirect associated cost, due to the economic crisis. Especially for those who struggled to make ends meet, the transportation to the mainland dropped to the bare essentials. Furthermore, the respondents deemed that the deregulation of the Greek maritime and airline markets was also to blame for the high fares, thus they favoured a regulated public transport sector and were against privatization. Inevitably, financially vulnerable individuals were the most preoccupied with these issues. A feeling of isolation and exclusion was revealed by the sample on occasions when the scheduled trips were cancelled by the operators due to exogenous parameters.
Rail-based Public Transport Service Quality and User Satisfaction – A Literature Review
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad Nazrul Hakimi , Borhan Muhamad Nazri , Md. Yusoff Nur Izzi , Ismail Amiruddin
Published: July 2020

While rail-based public transport is clearly a more advanced and preferable alternative to driving and a way of overcoming traffic congestion and pollution problems, the rate of uptake for rail travel has remained stagnant as a result of various well-known issues such as that commuters either use a more reliable and comfortable alternative to get from A to B and/or that they are not satisfied with the quality of service provided. This study examined the factor of user satisfaction regarding rail-based public transport with the aim of discovering precisely what factors have a significant effect on the user satisfaction and uptake of rail travel. This was approached using both the Delphi approach and a thorough review of the current literature, focusing on a total of nine possible factors affecting passenger satisfaction with rail travel availability of service, accessibility of service, ticket or pass, punctuality, clarity of information, quality of customer service, comfort, safety, and image. Also discussed were 29 extra possible attributes and several measures that were implemented in various countries to increase the service quality. It was concluded that this review will provide valuable information for policymakers, researchers and service providers in terms of specifying the service factors most worth investigating if the quality of this crucial means of transport is to be raised.
Analytical, Logit Model-based Examination of the Hungarian Regional Parallel Public Transport System
Authors: Lakatos András , Mándoki Péter
Published: July 2020

The ongoing competition between bus and railway systems in the Hungarian regional passenger transport is a current problem, because these subsectors need to complement each other, instead of being in the government-funded competition. Long-term sustainability and efficiency in passenger transport require a balanced transport policy. The parallel bus and railway links, which are present in all regions of Hungary can result in competition. This research explores the solutions to this issue for long-term environmental and economic sustainability optimization. An objective index and interventions developed in previous studies have been applied here. This investigation is to validate the objective index and the interventions by using the Logit model.
Pedestrian Throw Distance Prediction from Vehicle Damage Intensity
Authors: Saulić Nenad , Papić Zoran , Ovcin Zoran
Published: July 2020

One of the main points to be addressed when analysing vehicle-pedestrian collisions is the vehicle impact speed. If the traffic accident is not recorded on camera, and there are no skid marks nor tachograph in the vehicle, the parameter is determined on the basis of empirical models. All empirical models for ascertaining vehicle speed are based on the pedestrian throw distance, which is not always known because of an unidentified vehicle-pedestrian collision point or the final rest position of the pedestrian after collision. This paper shows a description of a vehicle damage recorded in an ordinal scale and determines the pedestrian throw distance prediction model from the vehicle damage established in such a way. If the accident scene is documented by photographs, the damage can be classified, and by applying a validated model, the pedestrian throw distance envisaged. Then, by applying an empirical model, one can determine the speed of the vehicle at the time of collision with a pedestrian. Two databases were formed during the research. The first is based on real-life traffic accidents (expert witnessing of the professors from the Faculty of Technical Sciences). The second is based on traffic accident simulations as part of PC Crash software package.
Simulation and Optimization of Pedestrian Regular Evacuation in Comprehensive Rail Transit Hub – A Case Study in Beijing
Authors: Chen Qiaochu , Bai Yan , Zheng Nan
Published: July 2020

Extensive efforts have been made in pedestrian evacuation of urban rail transit systems, since there has emerged an increasing number of congestion problems. However, few studies focus on the comprehensive urban rail transit hubs. As a comprehensive interchange hub integrating urban railway and intercity railway lines, Beijing West Railway Station was taken as a case study object. The pedestrian evacuation characteristics were analysed first. Then, a social force-based simulation model of Beijing West Railway Station was constructed in PTV Viswalk. The model was applied to visually display a real evacuation process and help identify evacuation bottlenecks. The results showed that the risk points at different facilities had various causes and features. Furthermore, the simulation model could also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of different optimization measures as long as certain model parameters were changed beforehand.