bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Semen Freezing and Thawing on Sperm Survival And Motility Rate : A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Dayal Ram , Singh Sumer , Thakur Sunil K , Kumar Prabhat , Singh Kamla , Purkait Pulakes
Published: September 2021

Objective : To compare the rate of sperm survival and motility through semen freezing and thawing during infertility treatment. Methodology: In this bidirectional observational study, we enrolled 31 patients who underwent semen analysis for infertility treatment at the Institute of Reproduction and Child Cares & IRCC IVF Centre, Panchkula, Haryana, from June 2020 to December 2020. Out of these patients, 21 (67.74 %) were considered for semen freezing and thawing. For the rest of the ten patients (32.25 %), sperm count and motility were not good, and we excluded them from this study. Semen freezing based upon sperm count and motility were done. We did semen thawing after two weeks of semen freezing and recorded the sperm survival and motility. Results: Post thaw sperm survival rate and motility was 37.66% compare to pre-cryopreservation (61.82%). The observed rate of sperm motility declining was 24.16 % after cryopreservation/freezing. Conclusion: The present study results concluded that sperm's cryopreservation results in a decrease in sperm motility. There is a need of finding more accurate and reliable methods to freeze and thaw semen.
A Detailed Study on Earthquake Resistant Buildings on Ground Surface by Using E-Tabs
Authors: Hemanth K. , Begum Shamshad
Published: September 2021

In the present investigation to discover the impact of level and slanting ground on structure execution ground inclines of 00 and 100 are considered in displaying of structures of tallness G+15 RCC structures having material properties M40 grade for cement and Fe500 for fortifying steel and structures measurements are length = 6x10= 60m, width = 6x5 = 30m and statures of G+15 is 48m from the plinth level, the help conditions are picked to be fixed base and establishment profundity is considered as 2m beneath the ground level structures are demonstrated utilizing ETABS in seismic zones II, III, IV, V according to IS 1893-2002 strategies utilized for seismic burden age are Linear static examination, Response range examination and Time history examination. The outcomes are appeared as far as charts and tables.
Soccer Clubs and Diminishing Returns: The Case of Paris Saint-Germain
Authors: Hogan Vincent , Massey Patrick
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Paris Saint-Germain (PSG), one of France’s top soccer clubs, was bought by Qatar Sports Investments (QSI) in 2011. Since then, the club’s expenditure has risen precipitously, as have its victories. In this paper, we ask whether this represents value for money. We find that the efficiency of PSG did not deteriorate following the takeover. However, while PSG operated close to the production frontier in terms of converting resources to points, it scored vastly more points than was necessary to win the league. We estimate that PSG spent €140m more than was necessary to win the French league in 2016/2017. Since 2011, PSG is estimated to have overspent by up to €600m. This expenditure could be thought of as being merely the price of creditable performance at a European level, but we show that it has brought less success than would be expected.
Designing GFRP-Reinforced Tilt-up Wall Panels
Authors: Pozo-Lora Fray , Maguire Marc
Published: September 2021

Tilt-up construction was effectively enabled on a wide scale in 1979, when the ACI committee 551 report on Tilt-up construction was published, the Recommended Tilt-Up Wall Design, aka, the Yellow Book and the subsequent ACI-SEASC Task, aka the Green Book, and another Tilt-up design and construction manual developed by the ACI in 1988. The Tilt-up Concrete Association was created in 1986 by a group of industry professionals who had the need of an organization dedicated to the industry. ACI 551 maintains a document outlining the standard practice for contemporary Tilt-up design and construction. The ACI 551 document does not consider walls reinforced with non-ferrous reinforcement. However, recent events have made glass fiber-reinforced polymer rebar a more economical option when compared to traditional steel reinforcement. This white paper is intended to provide the unfamiliar engineer a bridge between the ACI 318, ACI 551 and ACI 440 documents to engineer a tilt-up wall including differences between GFRP reinforcement and steel reinforcement with respect to design.

Steel, is an isotropic ductile metal extensively used in construction, mechanical, and electronic devices. Steel is often designed as elastic-perfectly plastic where it has an elastic modulus of 29,000ksi and yield stress of 60ksi. GFRP reinforcement is considered brittle-elastic with an elastic modulus often between 6,000ksi – 8750ksi and guaranteed ultimate tensile strength between 90-150ksi. Figure 1 presents an example of the design-assumed uniaxial stress versus strain comparing traditional steel and GFRP. While GFRP reinforcement has different physical and mechanical properties the differences and behaviors are well understood by the engineering community. There are ASTM material standards for GFRP bars, namely ASTM D7957 and a complete suite of ASTM test method by which the basic properties are verified. The following sections will illustrate the differences between steel and GFRP reinforced concrete members with a focus on slender tilt-up wall panels.
KAJIAN KUAT TEKAN BETON POLIMER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PASIR PANTAI SEBAGAI PENGGANTI AGREGAT HALUS DAN GENTENG JATIWANGI SEBAGAI AGREGAT KASAR
Authors: Ryanto Muhamad , Nurhadi Lukman , Nurhanifan Rivaldy , Tinambunan Vernando
Published: September 2021

Komposisi campuran beton polimer yang digunakan terdiri dari campuran pasta polimer resin polyester dan pasir pantai, dengan agregat kasar berupa pecahan genteng Jatiwangi. Pembuatan benda uji (specimen) menggunakan metode prepacked dengan ukuran 15 x 15 x 15 cm.  Specimen dibuat dengan tiga tipe kadar pasta polimer yang berbeda yaitu 50%, 60% dan 70% dan masing-masing tipe memiliki komposisi agregat kasar yang bervariasi.  Setiap specimen pertama menggunakan ukuran pecahan genteng besar (30mm) sebanyak 100%, untuk specimen kedua menggunakan pecahan genteng besar dan  kecil (10mm) masing-masing sebanyak 50% dan specimen ketiga menggunakan pecahan genteng kecil sebanyak  100%. Dari percobaan didapati kuat tekan beton polimer PG50 memiliki nilai kuat tekan dengan urutan sebagai berikut PG501 (27.5 MPa), PG502 (34.6 MPa) dan PG503 (38.0 MPa).  Persentase besaran kenaikan nilai kuat tekan benda uji yaitu PG501 ke PG502 sebesar 20.5% sedangkan benda uji PG502 ke PG503 sebesar 8.9%.Untuk Specimen PG60 memiliki nilai kuat tekan dengan urutan sebagai berikut PG601 (36.9 MPa), PG602 (38.7 MPa) dan PG603 (57.2 MPa).  Persentase besaran kenaikan nilai kuat tekan benda uji yaitu PG601 ke PG602 sebesar 11.4% sedangkan benda uji PG602 ke PG603 sebesar 32.3%.Dan yang terakhir Specimen PG70 memiliki nilai kuat tekan dengan urutan sebagai berikut PG701 (23.3 MPa), PG702 (26.3 MPa) dan PG703 (52.7 MPa).  Persentase besaran kenaikan nilai kuat tekan benda uji yaitu PG701 ke PG702 sebesar 4.7% sedangkan benda uji PG702 ke PG703 sebesar 50.0%.
PELAKSANAAN SERVICE EXCELLENT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN MAHASISWA, DI BAGIAN SISTEM INFORMATIKA DAN AKADEMIK
Authors: Rachmawati Eva , Jaelani Ridwan
Published: September 2021

Service Exellent
Pengembangan Organisasi Siswa (OSIS) Melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (Studi Deskriptif di SMP Tut Wuri Handayani Kota Cimahi)
Authors: Rahayu Hanny
Published: September 2021

Pendidikan merupakan komponen penting dalam membentuk potensi peserta didik yang dilakukan secara berkesinambungan terutama pada lingkup formal. Potensi yang diharapkan adalah agar peserta didik mempunyai nilai-nilai terhadap Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, baik secara vertikal maupun horizontal, terutama dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara. Untuk mencapai tersebut, maka dibutuhkan wadah pengembangan peserta didik, yaitu salah satunya organisasi siswa (OSIS).  Penelitian ini difokuskan pada upaya pengembangan organisasi siswa (OSIS) melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan pada SMP Tut Wuri Handayani Kota Cimahi. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana mengembangkan organisasi siswa (OSIS) melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Pendekatan kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan secara mendalam mengenai upaya pengembangan organisasi siswa (OSIS) melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pengembangan organisasi siswa (OSIS) melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan adalah meningkatkan nilai-nilai religius dengan mengembangkan sikap saling menghormati kebebasan untuk menjalankan ibadah sesuai dengan agama dan kepercayaannya masing-masing. Selain itu, adanya penerapan cinta tanah air dan mengedepankan nilai-nilai demokrasi.
Adiksi Media Sosial dan Gadget bagi Pengguna Internet di Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan Rudy , Aulia Suci , Supeno Handoko , Wijanarko Andik , Uwiringiyimana Jean Pierre , Mahayana Dimitri
Published: September 2021

Teknologi   internet   telah   menjadi   bagian   penting dan membawa perubahan besar dalam kehidupan manusia. Pengguna   internet   terus   bertambah signifikan   setiap   tahun nya   khususnya   di Indonesia kurang lebih mencapai   73.7 %   dari total populasi, angka ini merupakan hasil survey yang dilakukan oleh APJII (Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia) perioda 2019-2020 (Q2).  Namun penggunaan internet   juga memberikan dampak negatif bagi individu   maupun lingkungannya. Salah satu isu penting yang menjadi fokus dalam dua dekade terakhir adalah internet addiction disorder dan gadget addiction disorder.  Kecanduan internet muncul karena penggunaan internet   berlebihan hingga menyebabkan munculnya dampak negatif atau kecenderungan menimbulkan gejala penyalahgunaan. Pada studi ini kami melakukan survey terhadap 2014 orang responden dengan parameter yang bervariasi seperti sebaran usia dari anak-anak hingga manula, jenis pekerjaan, latar belakang pendidikan, sudah berapa lamakah memakai gadget, hingga durasi pengaksesan social media perhari. Semua parameter tersebut akan dianalisa dengan menggunakan chi square untuk menghitung korelasinya terhadap adiksi internet maupun gadget berdasarkan instrument IAT (Internet Addiction Test). Dari hasil pengujian, alat ukur IAT dinilai valid dan handal. Dari hasil pengukuran terhadap 2014 responden di Indonesia untuk kondisi adiksi internet/media sosial terjadi pada kategori anak-anak 0.16% (1 responden), remaja 73% (467 responden), dewasa 23% (147 responden), dan lansia 3.94% (23 responden). Sedangkan adiksi gadget terjadi pada kategori remaja sebanyak 75% teradiksi (382 responden), kategori dewasa sebanyak 23% teradiksi (117 responden), kategori lansia sebanyak 2% teradiksi (11 responden).
Runoff Prediction Based on Deep Belief Networks
Authors: Nguyễn Thanh Hiên , Tran Thi , Duong Hieu , Tran Hoai
Published: September 2021

Runoff prediction has recently become an essential task with respect to assessing the impact of climate change to people’s livelihoods and production. However, the runoff time series always exhibits nonlinear and non-stationary features, which makes it very difficult to be accurately predicted. Machine learning have been recently proved to be a powerful tool in helping society adapt to a changing climate and its subfield, deep learning, showed the power in approximate nonlinear functions. In this study, we propose a method based on deep belief networks (DBN) for runoff prediction. In order to evaluate the proposed method, we collected runoff datasets from Srepok and Dak Nong rivers located in mountain regions of the Central Highland of Vietnam in the periods of 2001-2007 at Dak Nong hydrology station and 1990-2011 at Buon Don hydrology station, respectively. Experimental results show that DBN outperforms, respectively, LSTM, BiLSTM, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) trained by particle swarm optimization (PSO) and MLP trained by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in which gradients are computed using the backpropagation (BP) procedure. The results also confirm that DBN is suitable to employ for the task of runoff prediction.
Land Tenure of Small Islands and Coastal Areas in Economic and Defense Aspects
Authors: DHARSANA I Made Pria , KRESNADJAJA Indrasari , PRAMANDITYA I Gusti Agung Jordika
Published: September 2021

The question of the purpose of statehood hovers again to collect the pledges of the development actors. The goal to become a nation-state that provides a place and humane and proper way of life is still harassing residents of coastal areas and small islands as part of the natural resources bestowed by The One Almighty God to the Indonesian people. Coastal areas and outer small islands are national assets controlled by the state and need to be preserved and utilized as much as possible for the prosperity of the people, both for present and future generations and for the interests of defense and security. related to the threat of remote island tenure which by certain elements were transferred to the land tenure rights that should belong to the village customary land, but there was a process of transferring rights which were then held by foreigners with the argument related to economic issues that were less supportive in the area by nominee or by road rent that threatens the stability of national defense.
The Organized Crime in Western Balkans in the Age of Globalization- Trafficking in Narcotics and Money Laundry
Authors: HALITI Fidan
Published: September 2021

This research addresses the activity of transnational organized crime in the Westerns Balkans region, particularly the activity of trafficking in narcotics and money laundry. This problematic phenomenon is treated on the aspect of newly created circumstances in the age of globalization, where the entire world is facing the transformation in the political and economic aspect - developments that are impacting the field of security as well.
In this period, these countries faced institutional fragility, lack of proper capacities in fight against new forms of organized criminality, lack of inter-state cooperation etc. this situation was used as an opportunity by the criminal organizations with their reach in the entire region, creating the so called Balkan Road which is used for trafficking of narcotics towards Western Europe countries.
In this research is expressed the amount of narcotics trafficked and illicit profits from this activity, divided by regional countries for the period 2009-2012. This paper argues how transnational organized crime by exploiting the globalization era facilities has adapted to these newly created circumstances and is increasingly exceeding the capabilities of the countries of a traditional organizations and forms of security in responding appropriately. The interstate cooperation aspect and the use of an interactive approach at technical and operational levels is increasingly being considered as a tangible opportunity to deal with this phenomenon.
The paper draws conclusions on how the organized crime threats have had influence on security approaches in the Western Balkans as well as pushing the countries towards an inter-state approach in addressing these threats. Security field contemporary literature as well as reports and assessments of various security agencies have been used in drawing research results.
The Effect of Covid-19 on Healthcare Doctors in Turkey: The Case of Istanbul Chapa (Çapa) Hospital
Authors: CHAYCHI SEMSARI Mortaza , KARADAL Kerim
Published: September 2021

After 1945, states began to be more effective on the economy. This situation showed itself under the name of Welfare State or Social State. However, neo-liberal policies were seen as a solution to the economic problems that started to be experienced from the beginning of the 1980s, and the Social State or Welfare State practices began to decline. Depending on the expansion of neo-liberal policies, states have withdrawn from many service areas in accordance with the free market understanding. One of these withdrawals is health services.

          Health services have been transformed into free market conditions through privatization, and the health service that citizens benefit from has been transformed into paid,On the other hand, in line with neo-liberal policies, principles such as performance, contract and productivity have been introduced to healthcare workers.

Healthcare workers and especially doctors are at the forefront of the fight against Covid-19, which started in Wuhan, China and spread to the world. In order to eradicate the epidemic, doctors had to face the worsening working conditions (suspension of the rights to resign and ask for retirement, excessive patient care, etc.) while racing against time to save the patients. This situation brings with it many problems in working life for the doctors who are fighting the epidemic in Turkey as well as in the world.

         In this study, the effect of the covid-19 epidemic in Turkey on the pandemic service of Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty Chapa Hospital in the process leading to the liquidation of the social state was investigated.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOWER BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION (BTS) FOOT 4 BETWEEN BRACING TYPE V WITH BRACING TYPE X
Authors: UPNJATIM CI-TECH , Sumaidi
Published: September 2021

This paper explains the comparison 4-foot Base Transceiver Station (BTS) towers between type v bracing and type x bracing in terms of strength and economic aspects using SAP 2000 applications. As technology develops, people's desire for good telecommunications technology is enhancement. The writer analyzes the tower with type v bracing and type x bracing using the SAP 2000 application. BTS towers are used with a height of 25 meters, width of 6 meters, length of 6 meters, height of each segment of 2.5 meters. Then analyze the strengths using the SAP 2000 application based on the TIA / EIA 1991 standard with displacement not exceeding H/200. After the SAP 2000 application is finished running, the results of the building's own weight output are used for economic comparisons. The results of type v bracing analysis obtained a displacement of 0.4 millimeters with a building own weight of 123.668 KN. The result of type x bracing analysis obtained a displacement of 0.6 millimeters with a building weight of 143,440 KN. The results of this analysis recommend the BTS tower to use type v bracing instead of using type x bracing.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRECAST CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB WITH CAST IN SITU AND STRUCTURE STABILITY OF GKB UPN "VETERAN" EAST JAVA
Authors: UPNJATIM CI-TECH , Rumaseb Alma Christine Puspasari , Astawa Made Dharma , Sumaidi
Published: September 2021

Gedung Kuliah Bersama was modified into ten floors, constructed using precast pretension slabs, namely hollow core slabs on the second to five floors and cast in situ slabs, namely steel deck on floors six to ten. Gedung Kuliah Bersama is located at the UPN “Veteran” East Java in the city of Surabaya. Geologically and tectonically, Surabaya City is in an active fault zone, so that the tectonic activity that occurs can cause damage to building structures and construction materials. Pushover analysis is an analysis that can be used to determine the pattern of structural collapse when an earthquake occurs. Based on the results of the analysis, precast pretension slabs (hollow core slabs) with segments of 1500 mm × 7000 mm × 150 mm with PC Wire reinforcement ϕ7-121 mm and cast in situ (steel deck) slabs with a thickness of 120 mm with wiremesh reinforcement M8-150 mm. The difference in the bending strength of the two types of slabs is 38.73%. The results of the pushover analysis show that the structural performance at the Damage Control (DO) level shows that the building is able to withstand the earthquake that occurs and the risk of casualties is very small.
SUROBOYO BUS FARES SUFFICIENCY WITH WILLINGNESS TO PAY ASPECTS
Authors: UPNJATIM CI-TECH , Utomo Nugroho , Sholichin Ibnu , Wiradiansyah Praswidi
Published: September 2021

Suroboyo Bus is the one of public transportations based on Bus Rapid Transit as the implementations of Surabaya Municipality policy to fulfill needs of Surabaya citizens about proper public transportation according to security, safety and comfortable aspects. After it’s launching at April, 7th 2018, Suroboyo Bus has so many interests from Surabaya citizens who want to try for grand rides which it payments using plastic waste such as used drinking bottle or glass of mineral water. Payments method by using this plastic waste of drinking bottle in order to complying the objectives of Surabaya Municipality is reducing plastic wastes also citizens shouldn’t make a littering anywhere.  This research is conducted to calculate how much Suroboyo Bus fares that sufficient with existing payments method due to Suroboyo Bus operations needs with using Willingness To Pay (WTP) analysis and Vehicle Operations Cost regulations.As the research results value of Willingness To Pay on weekday is IDR 4.784,12 and then on weekend is IDR 4.602,50.  Value of Vehicle Operations Cost that Suroboyo Bus needed is IDR 13500 according with regulation standard from Directorate General of Land Transportations. Reviewed on load factor value 70% that appropriate with standards from Department of Transportations, so government must subsidize Vehicle Operations Cost for Suroboyo Bus with value IDR 300/passengers-km
OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ROCK ASH AS FINE AGGREGATES WITH THE ADDITION OF ADDITIVES TO THE CONCRETE MIXTURE WITH A COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF 350 Kg/cm2
Authors: Triaswati  , Srie Subekti  , Sulchan Arifin  , Febri Aditya
Published: September 2021

Stone dust nowadays is a side product of the stone crushing industry, the quality of which is quite a lot that it becomes a waste that needs to be handled. This study is intended to find out the composition of stone dust by adding some additive substance type D and type F to reach a compressive strength of 350 kg/cm2. The variation of percentage of stone dust on the composition of concrete mixture is 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%. The design of concrete mixture composition refers to the procedure of making preparation of the normal concrete mixture. SNI 03-2384-1993. The size of the cylinder test object is 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height.

The result of this research shows that the mixture using stone dust has quite an effect on the compressive strength of concrete. From the result of the experiment, it is shown that for compressive strength of 350 kg/cm2, we can use 100% of stone dust with a resulted compressive strength of 445 kg/cm2.
Consuming Probiotic Foods Copes with Stress in The Pandemic Era
Authors: Syafa Zafira , Khusna Fauziatul , Rahmatika Sania
Published: September 2021

One of the problems facing today is the Covid-19 pandemic. This problem has an impact on health, economic, social, religious, and psychological aspects. Psychological issues include anxiety and stress. The authors suggest consuming probiotic foods such as tempeh and yogurt to cope with stress Probiotics contain bacteria in the intestines having an essential role in brain function, stress,  and neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, it has a beneficial effect on physical and psychological health.
Effectiveness of Gotu Kola Extract Lotion (Centella Asiatica) in Reducing Stretch Marks
Authors: Indria Indria , Rahayu Asti
Published: September 2021

Stretch marks result from mechanical factors, namely stretching of the skin due to the development of subcutaneous structures (interstitial adipose tissue) or biochemical factors (the presence of excessive glucocorticoids that inhibit fibroblast activity and proliferation). There is no truly effective treatment for removing striae once they have formed. This study evaluates the effectiveness of administering Gotu Kola Extract (Centella asiatica) on the stretch mark. This paper was a Quasi-Experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. This study was conducted at the Independent Practice Midwife (IMP) Zummatul Atika in October-December 2020. The population was postpartum mothers (days 0-6) with stretch marks. Meanwhile, there were 12 respondents by purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was Gotu kola extract lotion, while the dependent variable was stretch marks with ratio data. Collecting data with a structured interview to gather the characteristics of respondents and participant observation to evaluate changes (number of stretch marks, color, moisture, and skin condition) in stretch marks before and after intervention during one month. The Gotu kola extract lotion was made in the pharmacy laboratory of PGRI Adi Buana University Surabaya within several stages. The data analysis used the paired T-test, and the result showed p= 0.000, indicating a significant difference before and after the intervention. This study concludes that administering Gotu Kola Extract (Centella asiatica) lotion effectively reduces skin pigmentation and lines in stretch marks, increases skin moisture, and refines skin texture.
Puberty: An approach to diagnosis and management with an osteopathic component
Authors: Chinsky Ravi , Lilaporia Shehtaaj , Li To , Chan Thomas
Published: September 2021

Puberty is generally known as the emotional and physical maturation of a child to adulthood. This allows for sexual maturation and the means to reproduce. Children will undergo a pubertal growth spurt, as well as changes to the reproductive organs. While puberty is mostly associated with changes in reproduction and endocrine systems, it is multifaceted and affects the musculoskeletal, behavioral and vascular systems. Puberty occurs due to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and a progressive increase in the amount of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released. The average age of puberty is 13 years old in girls and 14 years old in boys. Associated pubertal diseases are usually split into two categories, based on whether the physical indicators appear earlier or later than expected. When these indicators occur at two standard deviations (SD) early, it is known as precocious puberty, and when they are 2–2.5 SDs late, it is known as delayed puberty. Because of the inseparability of physical and mental health, osteopathic medicine offers a practical approach for treatment of pubertal conditions using osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). Osteopathic medicine takes a holistic view of the person in which somatic, visceral and psychological dysfunction are united. Thus, physicians who incorporate OMT into their practice will be able to aid in promoting proper development during puberty as well as addressing accompanying somatic dysfunctions. In this paper, we will discuss the physiology of puberty, pubertal disorders, the epidemiology of puberty, current management protocols, osteopathic considerations in puberty and OMT’s role in treatment.
SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, prevention, risk factors, evaluation, diagnosis, management and vaccines
Authors: Al-Nabolsi Moneer , Alhusein Dalia , Marchewka Tiffany , Kucera Molly , Daher Ali , Venida Rohan , Beydoun Alhan , Surati Rushi , Deland Abigail , Sebastian Matthew
Published: September 2021

What we have learned about COVID-19 is ongoing as research continues to evolve. This article will serve to provide a succinct, comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 with respect to epidemiology, risk factors, prevention, presentation, management and vaccinations.
A pediatric case of orbital cellulitis with pansinusitis and subperiosteal abscess
Authors: Derwitz Karly , Sahhar Hanna , Ward Kelly
Published: September 2021

While less common than preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis can have severe complications. With the proper use of a computed tomographic (CT) scan, physicians can more quickly recognize the clinical signs of orbital cellulitis and begin interventions to properly treat the condition. This case report highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and successful intervention for orbital cellulitis by recognizing infection progression.
Effect of Abutilon indicum in thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism in rat
Authors: Jabeen Qaiser , Khan Muhammad Sohaib , Qureshi Abdul Wahid , Rasheed Hafiz Muhammad Farhan
Published: September 2021

The study was designed to investigate the antithyroid activity of the crude methanolic (70%) extract of aerial parts of Abutilon indicum in male albino rats. The extract was prepared and analyzed for the presence of phytochemical constituents through preliminary chemical analysis, antioxidant assay and GC-MS. The in vivo antithyroid activities in thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism were studied. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols, also verified by the data obtained from GC-MS. Thyroxine increased the levels of triiodothyronine (4.9 ± 0.1 ng/mL) and total thyroxine (9.4 ± 0.2 μg/dL); while, A. indicum at the doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg, showed significant decrease in the elevated levels of triiodothyronine (3.0 ± 0.1 and 2.6 ± 0.2 ng/mL) and thyroxine (7.7 ± 0.2 and 7.1 ± 0.2 μg/dL), respectively. Histopathological studies showed the restoration of filled follicular colloids in extract-treated animals. The results show that A. indicum exhibits dose-dependent antithyroid effects.
Noise Induced Hearing Loss among Aircrews of Bangladesh Air Force
Authors: Islam Iftekharul , Jobair Md Abdullah Al , Ahsan Mohammad Ahmed , Ahmad Mushtaq , Hossain Mohammad Delwar , Wahab Md Abdu
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Noise-induced hearing loss is a significant, often unrecognized health problem among the military pilots. Advanced aircraft are powerful and more efficient but generate high noise causing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among military pilots.
Aim: To determine the prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss among pilots of the Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) and its association with aircraft type and flying hours.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Central Medical Board (CMB), Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) Dhaka from April 2017 to March 2018. The audiometry was done in the ENT department of CMB, BAF. Pure-tone audiometry was used to measure hearing thresholds and following pure tone frequencies were used for the test: 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz. The association between flight hours and the development of noise-induced hearing loss was analyzed in the different age groups.
Results: The study revealed NIHL in the aircrew was 16.5% with a higher prevalence among the helicopter pilots (18.6%) as compared with fighter (16.7%) and transport (11.5%) pilots. The left ear was affected in most of the cases than the right ear. Pilots of more than 40 years old and ≥1500 flying hours had a significantly higher hearing threshold compared with other categories.
Conclusion: Exposure to noise in aircrew is unavoidable. By avoiding prolonged exposure to loud noise environments and utilization of personal hearing safety devices can prevent noise-induced hearing loss.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 1 (June) 2020: 12-15
Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast versus Methotrexate in the Treatment of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Rosie Tawhida Nawazesh , Latif Khan Abdul , Islam Khan Md Shirazul , Yazdi Quazi Salim , Karim ATM Rezaul
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Psoriasis is a common, chronic, inflammatory and proliferative disease of the skin, also affecting nail and joints. Although there are a range of treatment options available, none have proved to wane the symptoms fully and also they reappear in course of time.
Aim: To explore the safety and efficacy of Apremilast and Methotrexate on chronic plaque psoriasis patients.
Methods: A randomized open clinical trial was done among fifty clinically diagnosed chronic plaque psoriasis patients in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka from 1st July 2017 to 30th June 2018. Patients were divided randomly into two equal treatment groups, 25 for Methotrexate and 25 for Apremilast. Involvement of body surface by plaque psoriasis, erythema, scaling and induration were recorded in a 3 points scale before treatment and 8 weeks after starting the treatment and finally at 12th week.
Results: Reduction of psoriasis at 1st follow up in Methotrexate and Apremilast groups were 29.9±9.0 and 31.9±11.6 respectively and at 2nd follow up were 85.9±7.3 and 28.48±39.3 respectively. Significantly higher improvements were observed in Methotrexate group than Apremilast group both at 1st and 2nd follow up (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Methotrexate is a better therapeutic option than Apremilast in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 1 (June) 2020: 39-41
Epidemiological Study on Acute Viral Hepatitis Outbreak in Chattogram Cantonment Area
Authors: Chowdhury Md Ismail , Hossain Md Delwar , Rahman SM Mijanur , Islam Miah Mohammad Ariful
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) incidence had suddenly increased at Artillery Centre and School (AC&S) at Halishahore under Chattogram (Ctg) cantonment area from 16 April 2018 to 25 June 2018. Total 1304 cases of AVH got admitted and received treatment from Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Ctg during that period.
Aim: To find out the incidence, cause, predisposing factors, clinical course and to prevent such outbreaks in future.
Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted from 16 April 2018 to 25 June 2018. Total 1304 acute viral hepatitis cases were studied for epidemiological analysis to find out the causes, mode of spread, laboratory findings and outcome.
Results: Among 1304 AVH cases 90% belonged to age group of 18-45 years and most of them were combatants and the age range was 5 to 60 years with mean age 30.31±11.29 years. HEV was 99% etiological factor and patients’ hospital stay were 10 to 55 days. Thirteen cases developed hepatic encephalopathy, 01 case developed acute pancreatitis and 108 cases had thrombocytopenia. No specific source of contamination was detected within AC&S, although coliform bacteria were identified in drinking water supplied to the area by WASA of Ctg city.
Conclusion: We came to the conclusion that the source of infection was contaminated water supplied by WASA of Chattogram city. As we had also found that high incidence of AVH due to HEV were prevailing in Ctg city area during the same period of the outbreak.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 1 (June) 2020: 3-7
Safe Food Practices among the Regimental Food Handlers of Selected Military Unit
Authors: Anwarul Hoque Muhammad , Rahman Nazmin , Mahmud Mohammad Khalid
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Food safety is a key public health concern. Food handlers play an important role in ensuring food safety throughout the chain of preparation, storage and serving.
Aim: To assess the food safety practice level among the food handlers of selected unit messes in Dhaka Cantonment.
Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among the food handlers of selected unit messes in Dhaka Cantonment from January 2013 to December 2013. A total of 133 food handlers were selected following convenient sampling technique. Data were collected by face to face interview using a predesigned semi-structured questionnaire and check list. All completed questionnaires were validated manually and data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) verson 15.0 by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: In this study, the food handlers had a mean age of 32.94 years; all were male and Muslim. Regarding educational qualification, majority (42.9%) were between class VI to X and 80.5% were married. The mean monthly income of the participants was taka 17,115.8 and 53.4% belonged to nuclear family. Majority (65.4%) of the participants were cook and 39.8% had family members between 4-5 persons. It was found that out of all food handlers 12% had good, 78.9% had average and 9.0% had poor food safety practice status. Descriptive statistics revealed that occupation, education and marital status played a major role for food safety practice level.
Conclusion: Efforts need to be taken to improve the awareness among the food handlers. Safety practices and further studies are recommended on determinants of non-compliance to safety practices by the food handlers.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 1 (June) 2020: 65-68
Access to Maternal Healthcare in Rural Bangladesh: A literature-based Analysis on Factors Affecting Maternal Healthcare Utilization in Bangladesh
Authors: Noor Rafat , Rushdi Saif Aumeo
Published: September 2021

In the last decade, Bangladesh has made substantial improvements of maternal and newborn mortality, such the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) had dropped from 574 per thousand live births in 1990 to 170 per thousand live births in 2013. Despite these improvements, Bangladesh is still lagging in achieving equity in service utilization. Literature manifested significant healthcare inequities across different socio-demographic factors and religious and cultural views. The primary aims of this analysis are – i) to assess the disparities in the quality and availability of maternal healthcare in Bangladesh and its relation to the service utilization in rural Bangladesh, ii) to identify demand-side interventions implemented in developing countries and relevant considerations to promote maternal healthcare utilization in rural Bangladesh. A narrative literature review was conducted using Rudolph Matas Library, Tulane University online resources, Google Scholar and PUBMED. Articles published between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2018 describing quality, availability and  utilization of maternal healthcare services; existing disparities and barriers in healthcare utilization in rural Bangladesh are included in the analysis. This analysis also includes articles describing the impact of demand-side interventions on healthcare utilization in developing countries. A total of 10 articles met the selection criteria. Bibliographies of selected articles were also searched to include additional information in this analysis. Reviews of the literature revealed a significant healthcare equity gap according to place of residences, wealth status, age at birth, and parity of mothers in Bangladesh. According to available study findings, the level of mothers’ education, cultural and social views, women’s employment status, distance of health facility, and perceived quality of care act as significant factors influencing maternal healthcare utilization in rural Bangladesh. Studies have shown that demand-side interventions considering cultural context and other existing barriers result in improved uptake of maternal healthcare and improved health outcome. Only availability of services cannot translate into better outcomes, unless those services are of acceptable quality and the population irrespective of their socio-demographic status can attain those services without any perceived barrier. The analysis suggested, along with ensuring availability and quality of healthcare, the need for demand-side interventions addressing existing barriers make services accessible to the rural communities in Bangladesh.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 1 (June) 2020: 848
Factores sociodemográficos y nivel de conocimiento asociado al uso de la anticoncepción oral de emergencia
Authors: Velarde Cárdenas María Angela , Cachicatari Vargas Elena , Imaña Morales Natanael Luis , Mendoza Mamani Katty Giovana
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Determinar los factores sociodemográficos y nivel conocimiento asociado al uso de la anticoncepción oral de emergencia en usuarias del centro médico INPPARES de la ciudad de Tacna, en el año 2020. Material y métodos: El estudio fue básico de nivel correlacional, no probabilístico con un muestreo por conveniencia de 1200 mujeres atendidas en el centro médico, quienes fueron encuestadas para medir su nivel de conocimiento y uso de la anticoncepción oral de emergencia (AOE), identificando factores sociodemográficos como la edad, estado civil y grado de instrucción. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el software SPSS 25 y se empleó Chi cuadrado con un nivel de significancia de 95 %. Resultados: Se identificó que el 57,5 % de las mujeres encuestadas tienen un conocimiento bajo de la anticoncepción oral de emergencia frente a un 7,6 % con un conocimiento alto. Con respecto al uso del AOE se identificó que 85,9 % lo utilizó por lo menos una vez en su vida; el 47,4 % lo usó por lo menos una vez al año; el 50,6 % tienen entre 15 y 25; el 59,1 % cuenta con grado de instrucción de nivel secundario; y el estado civil del 64,9 % es soltera. Conclusión: Existe relación entre el nivel de conocimientos y factores sociodemográficos asociados al uso de la anticoncepción oral de emergencia.
EDUKASI EKONOMI KEUANGAN SYARIAH BAGI SISWA SMAN 1 PADANG DAN SMAN 4 PADANG
Authors: Sardiana Anna , - Puspita , - Zulfison , Amalia Alvien Nur , Darniaty Will Andilla , Sabila Salma
Published: September 2021

The majority of Indonesian are Muslim. As a country with the largest Muslim population, Indonesia has the potential to develop sharia economics and finance, especially in support of funding the priorities of development, such as infrastructure projects, education, and Agriculture. However, the development of sharia finance in Indonesia is not yet in accordance with expectations. This is reflected by the sharia financial market share including banking and insurance that is still relatively small, which is only reached 8.6 percent until January 2019, specifically for new Sharia banking reached 5.6 percent. Departing from this, it is proposed a community dedication to education regarding the Sharia financial economy. The event was held on 14-15 November 2019. The material presented in relation to values and principles of Sharia economics, and introduction of Sharia banking. Overall the event went smoothly. For the future this activity should be done continuously.
Effects of oral contraceptives to bone mineral density of young women
Authors: Ververidou Niki , Servitzoglou Nafsika-Georgia , Siountas Anastasios , Vavilis Dimitrios , Rousso David , Karagiannis Vasileios
Published: September 2021

The influence of consumption of contraceptives to female body’s hormones could affect bone formation. The purpose of this study was to assess any possible change in bone density of young women who were taking oral contraceptives, compared with those who were not. Women who participated in this study were 18-25 years old and were divided into two groups, experimental and control. Contraceptive tablets containing 20 μgrs ethinyl estradiol and 3 mgr drosperinonis were given to women of the experimental group for 21 days. Data necessary for every woman was recorded (weight, height, gynecological age, chronological age). Bone density was measured at the lumbar spine [O2-O4] and femoral neck with the DEXA method [DMS Challenger]. Measurements were taken at the beginning of the study and after the period of 12 and 24 months. Our study concluded that oral contraceptive use did not cause any significant change to bone density group of young women.
The clinical significance of cutaneous metastasis and paraneoplastic skin lesions in ovarian cancer. A rare but not minor manifestation
Authors: Machairiotis Nikolaos , Thomakos Nikolaos , Malakasis Anastasios , Rodolakis Alexandros
Published: September 2021

Ovarian cancer results in the formation and proliferation of abnormal cells that have the ability to proliferate faster than normal/typical ovarian cells and then spread to other parts of the body either in a local or in a systemic way. The areas to which the metastases of ovarian cancer can be located include the lining of the abdomen, lining of the bowel and bladder, lymph nodes, lungs, liver and in very rare cases the skin. We performed a review of the literature in order to find and document the cutaneous manifestations of the different types of ovarian cancer. Skin is a rather unusual organ for the localization of metastatic ovarian cancer but it must not be overseen. Cutaneous metastasis from carcinoma are relatively uncommon in clinical practice but they are very important to recognize. Cutaneous metastasis may herald the diagnosis of internal malignancy, and early recognition can lead to accurate and prompt diagnosis and timely treatment. However, a high index of suspicion is required because the clinical findings may be subtle. Our understanding of skin disease remains mainly descriptive rather than pathophysiologic. The variation and the multipotent skin expression of the ovarian as well as other intrabdominal, supradiaphragmatic malignancies reveal their similarity to autoimmune diseases, leading to the inert question if it is immunologic modulated.
Okul Yöneticilerinin Müzakere Becerilerinin Yordayıcısı Olarak Etkileme Davranışları
Authors: YILMAZ Ercan , IRMAK Adnan
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışma, öğretmen algılarına göre okul yöneticilerinin müzakere becerilerinin yordayıcısı olarak etkileme davranışlarını incelemek üzere yapılmıştır. Araştırma, nedensel karşılaştırma ve ilişkisel tarama modelinde olup nicel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubuna 2019 -2020 eğitim öğretim yılı Konya İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı kamu okullarında görev yapan 736 öğretmen katılmıştır. Araştırmada okul yöneticilerinin müzakere becerileri düzeyini belirlemek üzere “Müzakere Becerileri Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Okul yöneticilerinin etkileme davranış düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla da “Etkileme Davranış Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Demografik özelliklerin betimlenmesinde kategorik ikili karşılaştırmada t testi; çoklu karşılaştırmalarda ise tek yönlü varyans analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada iki değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek üzere korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca bağımlı değişkenin bağımsız değişken üzerinde etkisini belirlemek üzere regresyon analizine başvurulmuştur. Analiz sonucunda öğretmen algılarına göre okul yöneticilerinin müzakere becerilerinde, cinsiyet durumu ve okul türü durumu değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılaşma bulunurken; kıdem durumu ve öğrenim durumu değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılaşma bulunmamıştır. Öğretmen algılarına göre okul yöneticilerinin müzakere becerileri alt boyutlarıyla etkileme davranışları alt boyutları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmen algılarına göre okul yöneticilerinin etkileme davranışlarının müzakere becerileri alt boyutlarından güven ortamı oluşturma ve çözümden yana olma alt boyutunu yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularından yola çıkarak sonuç ve önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluğun Örgütsel Adalet ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisi: İstanbul’da Beş Yıldızlı Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: YILDIRIM Yusuf , GÖKTEPE Sevinç , BAYRAM Ayhan , AKOVA Orhan
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk uygulamalarının otel işletmeleri iş görenlerinin örgütsel adalet ve örgütsel bağlılık algıları üzerindeki etkisini ölçmektir. Araştırma kapsamında İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde çalışan 263 iş görene anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda otel işletmeleri iş görenlerinin kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk, örgütsel adalet ve örgütsel bağlılık algılarının yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Bunun yanında otel işletmeleri iş görenlerinin yasal sorumluluk, normatif bağlılık ve etkileşimsel adalet algılarının da oldukça yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Soru formu ile elde edilen veriler basit doğrusal regresyon ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda örgütsel adalet ve örgütsel bağlılıktaki değişimin kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk tarafından, örgütsel bağlılıktaki değişimin ise örgütsel adalet tarafından açıklandığı, kurumsal sosyal sorumluluğun örgütsel adalet ve örgütsel bağlılığı, örgütsel adaletin ise örgütsel bağlılığı pozitif yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.