bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Constraints on Titan’s Stratospheric n-Butane Abundance
Authors: Steffens Brendan L. , Nixon Conor A. , Sung Keeyoon , Irwin Patrick G. J. , Lombardo Nicholas A. , Pereira Eric
Published: March 2022

Curiously, n-butane has yet to be detected at Titan, though it is predicted to be present in a wide range of abundances that span over 2.5 orders of magnitude. We have searched infrared spectroscopic observations of Titan for signals from n-butane (n-C4H10) in Titan’s stratosphere. Three sets of Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer Focal Plane 4 (1050–1500 cm−1) observations were selected for modeling, having been collected from different flybys and pointing latitudes. We modeled the observations with the Nonlinear Optimal Estimator for MultivariatE Spectral AnalySIS radiative transfer tool. Temperature profiles were retrieved for each of the data sets by modeling the ν
4 emission from methane near 1305 cm−1. Then, incorporating the temperature profiles, we retrieved abundances of all of Titan’s known trace gases that are active in this spectral region, reliably reproducing the observations. We then systematically tested a set of models with varying abundances of n-butane, investigating how the addition of this gas affected the fits. We did this for several different photochemically predicted abundance profiles from the literature, as well as for a constant-with-altitude profile. Ultimately, though we did not produce any firm detection of n-butane, we derived new upper limits on its abundance specific to the use of each profile and to multiple different ranges of stratospheric altitudes. These results will tightly constrain the C4 chemistry of future photochemical modeling of Titan’s atmosphere and also motivate the continued search for n-butane and its isomer, isobutane.
Mobile Health Application to Support Family Caregivers in Recurrent Stroke Prevention: Scoping Review
Authors: Firmawati Erfin , Setyopanoto Ismail , Pangastuti Heny Suseani
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Caregivers play a vital role in continuum care for stroke patients. Involvement of caregivers in stroke care was important. With the advancement of information technology and the rapid growth worldwide in cell-phone use and internet connectivity, additional evidence may be needed in the use of mobile applications to support caregivers in stroke care.
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aims of this review was to identify existing mobile application designed to support family caregivers of people with stroke disease.
METHODOLOGY: A scoping review study framework was carried out in this study, using the EBSCO, Cochrane, PubMed, ProQuest, and Science Direct databases using search keywords: ‘family caregiver’, ‘mobile health application’,  and ‘recurrent stroke or secondary stroke prevention’. This review examined studies published between January 2011 and December 2020. Of a total of 728 papers found, 9 journals were selected. RESULTS: The results founded three categories and their attendant sub-categories. The categories was caregivers support, involvement caregivers in stroke care, and barriers. The majority of mobile application was used to provide video education for caregivers. Caregivers involved in stroke care including emotional care, nutrition, exercise, and recurrent stroke prevention. Poor connection was the most barrier in using mobile application.
CONCLUSION: Mobile application can support caregivers in stroke care. Healthcare providers are expected to utilize mobile applications in helping caregivers in post-stroke care.
Comparison Between the Effect of Low-Energy Laser Application and Piezocision on Acceleration of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Al Sherbiny Ahmad Helal , Refai Wael Mohamed Mubarak , Mohamed Kareem M. , Elhiny Omnia A. , Nasef Ahmed
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT the aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of Low Energy Laser Application or piezocisions in accelerating tooth movement, during canine retraction, compared to conventional canine retraction. Patients and Methods: A split mouth study design was done with two groups A and B. Each group confined 10 patients; in each patient one side was used as a control side and the contralateral side received either low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (group A) or piezocisions (group B). The evaluation data was gathered by Intra-oral measurements directly, every 2 weeks, over a 3 months retraction period. Results: Statistical analysis using Repeated measure ANOVA test was used to compare between more than two groups in related samples. Paired sample t-test was used to compare between two groups in related samples. Independent sample t-test was used to compare between two groups in non-related samples. direct intra-oral measurements from Group A illustrated that there was a statistically significant difference between the study and control sides (p<0.001) a total of 4.19 ± 0.5 mm canine retraction has been achieved in the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) assisted canine retraction side versus a 2.83 ± 0.2 mm total canine retraction in the control side. which was statistically significant. Group B illustrated that there was a statistically significant difference between the study and control sides ( p<0.001) that a total of 3.65± 0.4 mm canine retraction has been achieved in the piezocisions assisted canine retraction side versus a 2.79± 0.2 mm total canine retraction in the control side which was a highly statistically significant difference Conclusion: low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and Piezocisions techniques accelerated the rate of canine retraction during orthodontic treatment, with the low-level laser therapy (LLLT)  being slightly more effective.
Management of Complications of Posterior Lumber Spine Fixation for Spondylolithesis
Authors: Mourad Karim , Hasanain Amr Ali , Sakr Sameh Ahmed , Elkatatny Amr Abdelmonam Mostafa
Published: March 2022

This study was aiming at identifying the varieties, causes, treatment and prevention of post lumbar instrumental fixation complications, which was done on a study population of 50 cases, without stratification on bases of sex or age, excluding the patients with known chronic debilitating diseases. Regarding the patients’ population, our demographics shows a clear role of obesity in the pathogenesis of spondylolisthesis in general, regardless of age or sex, the mean BMI was above 30, and this does indeed agree with most studies as mentioned before. Analyzing our results, we found the most affected levels to be L4-5, and L5-S1, which coincides with other studies discussed before, we also found significant dominance of back pain as a presenting complaint, while neurological deficits were rare, by analyzing the etiologies of pathological findings in our patients we found isthmic lythesis followed by spondylolisthesis as the most common etiologies respectively among the studied population.Regarding the positive finding requiring further management in our study, the most common finding was failed prosthesis, and adjacent segment failure, other less frequent findings include Sacroiliac dysfunction, posterior cage migration, screw malpostioning, infection, Dural tear, CSF leak, pseudarthrosis, and one patient with pseudo-meningocele.32 patients (64%) were managed surgically, while the other 18 patients (36%) were managed conservatively, 40 patients had improved complaints, while 10 cases didn’t improve, our results should be seen in the light that our sample size was small, which can be a great limiting factor.
The Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Chitosan and Polysaccharide of Durian Peel Extract against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates
Authors: Sutanto Yusup Subagio , Harti Agnes Sri , Sutanto Magdalena , Puspawati Nony
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) disease is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is transmitted through sputum droplets of sufferers or suspect TB in the air. Chitosan as an antimicrobial agent can be used in the biomedical field because it has a number of hydroxyl groups (OH) and amine groups (NH2). The chemical substance of durian peel extract (Durio zibethinus L.) contains pectin which is multifunctional and can be used in the pharmaceutical field. Chemically, pectin is a polysaccharide polymer of D-galacturonic acid linked by -1,4 glycosidic bonds which can dissolve in water to form colloidal solutions or gels. AIM: This study was to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of chitosan and polysaccharides from durian peel extract (D. zibethinus L.) against M. tuberculosis isolates in vitro. METHODS: The research method is based on an experimental study in vitro. M. tuberculosis isolates in this research from sputum samples of patients suspected of TB in Surakarta Regional General Hospital. The stages of the research were performed that preparation chitosan gel (CG), bioformulation of CG, and polysaccharide gel (PG) durian peel extract are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, and drug susceptibility testing against M. tuberculosis isolates. RESULTS: CG 10% was effective as an antimicrobial against M. tuberculosis isolates but PG durian peel extract (5%; 10%; 15%; 20%; and 25%) was not effective as an antimicrobial against M. tuberculosis isolates. The types of anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) that was effective against M. tuberculosis isolates were ethambutol 80% and streptomycin 40%, while isoniazid and rifampicin were not effective as ATD against M. tuberculosis isolates. CONCLUSION: CG 10% was effective as an antimicrobial against M. tuberculosis isolates, while PG 25% durian peel extract was not effective as an antimicrobial against M. tuberculosis isolates. CG has the potential as an ATD based on natural bioactive ingredients for TB therapy.
Button Batteries and High-Powered Neodymium Magnet Ingestion in Children
Authors: Rashed Yasser , Khalfan Khalid
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Foreign body ingestions in pediatrics are present highly variably. For each case, it is important to consider the size of the child, the age of the child, the size of the object, and the inherently different risk of different objects ingested. It is important to note that regardless of the type of object, any foreign body should be removed from the esophagus. Over the past decade, the medical literature has particularly identified the potential for morbidity and mortality in cases of button battery and magnet ingestions.

AIM: This study aims to describe the complications and how to avoid them in addition to studying the role of early endoscopic intervention in cases of button batteries (BB) and multiple magnets ingestion in children.

METHODS: There were 151 children enrolled in the study, classified into two groups. The first group constitutes ninety children with BB, the other group sixty children with multiple magnets ingestion. In addition to one patient with both multiple magnets and battery ingestion, which are extracted endoscopically from the stomach without complication. BB detected in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in 70 patients were extracted endoscopically. Other 20 patients where the batteries were detected distal to duodenum were observed till the discharge of batteries was confirmed. In patients with multiple magnets, the magnets were in the upper GIT in 46 patients while found distal to the duodenum in 14 patients.

RESULTS: There were 151 children enrolled in the study, classified into two groups. The first group constitutes ninety children with BB, the other group sixty children with multiple magnets ingestion. In addition to one patient with both multiple magnets and battery ingestion, which are extracted endoscopically from the stomach without complication. BB detected in the upper GIT in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in 70 patients were extracted endoscopically. Other 20 patients where the batteries were detected distal to duodenum were observed until the discharge of batteries was confirmed. In patients with multiple magnets, the magnets were in the upper GIT in 46 patients while found distal to the duodenum in 14 patients.

CONCLUSION: This study put alarm that multiple magnets ingestion carries a high risk of gastrointestinal perforation compared to battery ingestion. Invitation to ban on the sale of products with high-powered neodymium magnets, such as Buckyballs and Buckycubes, and to keep BB difficult reachable by children. In addition to encouraging urgent endoscopic management of suspected BB or multiple magnets ingestion.
Health Insurance Literacy Levels of Information Intermediaries: How Prepared Are They to Address the Growing Health Insurance Access Needs of Consumers?
Authors: Edward Jean , Thompson Robin A. , Wiggins Amanda
Published: March 2022

Background:

With rising unemployment rates brought on by coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the rates of underinsured and uninsured consumers are likely to rise. Health information intermediaries play a critical role in assisting consumers with navigating the complexities of the United States health care system and the ever-changing health care policy landscape. Not much is known about the health insurance literacy (HIL) levels of information intermediaries and their ability to assist consumers with making informed decisions about their health insurance.

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the association between information intermediary levels of HIL, sociodemographic factors, and confidence and behaviors in assisting consumers with health insurance needs.

Methods:

We surveyed 118 information intermediaries from various roles to assess objective and subjective HIL, frequency, and confidence in assisting consumers, and confidence in understanding changes in federal health reform policies and state Medicaid waiver programs.

Key Results:

Less than one-half (39%) of information intermediaries had high subjective HIL and much fewer (13%) had high objective HIL. The average frequency of assisting consumers with health insurance scores were somewhat low, and confidence in assisting consumers with health insurance scores and confidence with understanding state and federal policies were modest. Results from our logistic regression model indicated that confidence in assisting consumers was found to be the only significant contributor to high subjective HIL. For every one-point increase on the confidence assisting subscale, there was a 35% increase in the information intermediaries having high subjective HIL.

Conclusions:

Findings from this study, coupled with rising uninsured rates, indicate the need for tailored training programs and resources to equip our information intermediaries to provide timely and appropriate health insurance support for consumers. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2022;6(1):e30–e36.

]

Plain Language Summary:

In a sample of 118 information intermediaries, representing community health workers, navigators, and other people in outreach roles, the majority had low subjective and objective HIL. We also found that as confidence with assisting consumers with health insurance needs increases, HIL increased as well. These findings indicate that tailored training programs and resources are needed to equip information intermediaries to provide health insurance support for consumers.
A sharp error analysis for the DG method of optimal control problems
Authors: Choi Woocheol ,   Department of Mathematics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea, Choi Young-Pil ,   Department of Mathematics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we are concerned with a nonlinear optimal control problem of ordinary differential equations. We consider a discretization of the problem with the discontinuous Galerkin method with arbitrary order $ r \in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\} $. Under suitable regularity assumptions on the cost functional and solutions of the state equations, we first show the existence of a local solution to the discretized problem. We then provide sharp estimates for the $ L^2 $-error of the approximate solutions. The convergence rate of the error depends on the regularity of the optimal solution $ \bar{u} $ and its adjoint state with the degree of piecewise polynomials. Numerical experiments are presented supporting the theoretical results.
Eigenvalues of fourth-order differential operators with eigenparameter dependent boundary conditions
Authors: Qin Jianfang ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China, Li Kun , Zheng Zhaowen , Cai Jinming
Published: March 2022

This paper is concerned with a fourth-order differential operator with eigenparameter dependent boundary conditions. We prove that each of the eigenvalues of the problem can be embedded in a continuous eigenvalue branch. Furthermore, the differential expressions of the eigenvalues with respect to each of parameters are given.
Local Pre-Hausdorffness and D-connectedness in $ \mathcal{L} $-valued closure spaces
Authors: Malik Naveed Ahmad ,   Department of Mathematics, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan, Khyzer Sana , Qasim Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Previously, several characterization of local Pre-Hausdorffness and $ D $-connectedness have been examined in distinct topological categories. In this paper, we give the characterization of local $ T_{0} $ (resp. local $ T_{1} $) $ \mathcal{L} $-valued closure spaces, examine how their mutual relationship. Furthermore, we give the characterization of a closed point and $ D $-connectedness in $ \mathcal{L} $-valued closure spaces and examine their relations with local $ T_{0} $ and local $ T_{1} $ objects. Finally, we examine the characterization of local Pre-Hausdorff and local Hausdorff $ \mathcal{L} $-valued closure spaces and study their relationship with generic Hausdorff objects and $ D $-connectedness.
A Knowledge-Based Recommender Framework to Recommend Destination Country for Human Migrants (KBRF)
Authors: Mishra Nilamadhab , Yemataw Baye , P. K. Kishore Kumar
Published: March 2022

Human migration is a challenging process in Ethiopia, where special illegal human migrants cross different border countries without any basic information or knowledge. Due to this, there is the difficulty of getting a vast amount of information to know the destination countries. They go without any information, which also wastes more time, cost, violates their human rights, and endangers their lives. This study used a KBRF to assess the user input and compare them with the stored cases. For this, 75,920 cases were collected from MoLSA and central statistical agencies with and attributes selected for the query of users as well as for their solution. The best solutions are displayed for a user after the similarity calculation of the query and the stored cases. Then the users can decide on which similar cases satisfy their needs. KBRF has an average performance, recall, and precision score of 92% (4.60), 0.91 (91%), and 0.63 (63%), respectively, from domain experts and system performance.
International Retirement Migration of European Baby Boomers
Authors: Bilgin Turna Gülçin
Published: March 2022

This chapter examines how retiring knowledge workers from Europe can carry their educational attainment, wealth, competencies, and experience with them to conduct their activities on a transnational scale. A qualitative approach is adopted consisting of observations and interviews with Dutch professors. What's more, a literature review was done about international retirement migration (IRM) and statistics about Europe and Turkey. IRM of thousands of baby boomers can be harnessed across borders through scientific, academic, volunteer, and educational (SAVE) activities, which can contribute to peace and prosperity in the host communities along with the knowledge workers' personal development and well-being. The propensity of retiring knowledge workers to engage in cross-border living, learning, and transition requires the analysis of Turkey's image as a temporary or permanent destination for IRM.
The History of Black Journalism Is the Future for All Journalism
Authors: Quiett-Smith Ceeon D. , Unus Wafa
Published: March 2022

This chapter examines how journalism programs at historically Black colleges and universities inform the future of majoritarian media programs. Only after a series of highly publicized cases of police abuse were caught on camera did many mainstream journalism schools reconsider whether students should be more skeptical of the official stories of police encounters with the public. Because more people of color lack an interest in maintaining the status quo, HBCU students can more effectively interrogate elected officials and investigate/report on institutional racism than journalism programs at primarily white mainstream universities. The chapter intersects with the George Floyd case and weaves through the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement on its way to wondering whether all future journalists who report on police would be better served being trained by outsiders.
The Future of Photojournalism
Authors: Cheers Michael
Published: March 2022

It's impossible to talk about the future of photojournalism without first acknowledging the changes that accelerated its arrival, namely, the monumental layoff of 2013. Many highly regarded photojournalists, some the author knew well, fell victim to this layoff and the chaos that came in its wake. They are mentioned in this chapter with their accomplishments and respective experiences that prove things never stay the same. They are photojournalism's stalwarts, people who weathered the industry's changes and pivoted when it seemed technology would upend their job security and economic well-being. This chapter also pushes back against ideas that would frame the everyday citizen, livestreaming content from a smartphone, as the industry's competitor. On the contrary, smartphones and streaming technologies represent a more egalitarian way to capture world events in real-time, and we're seeing photojournalists adopt and apply these technologies in thoughtful and compelling ways. Therefore, any debate surrounding technological advances and the future of photojournalism is simply esoteric when juxtaposed to the visual storyteller's unwavering responsibility to advance justice and humanity.
A Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis-Based Performance Assessment of European Union Countries' Waste Management Practices
Authors: Altın Fatma Gül
Published: March 2022

Sustainable development is among the emerging priorities in the European Union (EU) in the last decade. Waste management plays an important role in ensuring sustainable development. In this study, waste management performances of EU countries were evaluated using fuzzy data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. The data set for the period 2014-2018 was collected from Eurostat, and five input and five output variables were determined for the analyses. Then, the waste management performances of 28 EU countries were analyzed using the Kao-Liu model. Efficiency scores were calculated for 0, 0.5, and 1 α-cut levels, while triangular fuzzy numbers were used in the model. In the analysis, the output-oriented DEA model was preferred, and overall, technical and scale efficiency values were determined. According to the results of the analysis, only Luxembourg and Cyprus are efficient at the lower and upper bounds for 0, 0.5, and 1 α-cut levels in terms of overall efficiency. When the value given for the α-cut is increased, the number of efficient countries also increases.
A Hybrid Fuzzy MCDM Approach for Sustainable Health Tourism Sites Evaluation
Authors: Taş Mehmet Ali , Çakir Esra
Published: March 2022

Health tourism is the set of activities that patients perform to be treated and to feel good. Each health activity should have its own conditions, and gathering these activities under one building requires expert views. Therefore, choosing the site for health tourism in a sustainable environment is a complex problem. It is also becoming more difficult in terms of developing sustainable health tourism as it involves environmental conditions. This study proposes a strategy that helps to appraise sustainable health tourism areas by combining fuzzy SWARA and fuzzy MARCOS methods. This approach weighs specified criteria via fuzzy SWARA according to the expert evaluations and ranks the alternatives via fuzzy MARCOS. This study aims to select sustainable health tourism site according to the criteria by decision makers. Sensitivity analysis is performed by creating different scenarios, and the results are discussed. According to the results of the proposed approach, it is thought that it can be used in the solution of the problem of sustainable health tourism site selection.
Fuzzy Decision Making on the Impacts of Corporate Environmental Responsibility and Citizen Science Approaches Towards Green Globe
Authors: Martin Nivetha , Karuppiah S. Jegan , Broumi Said
Published: March 2022

A green environment is one of the sustainability goals, and all nations are striving hard to make the environment free from pollution. The overwhelming corporate sectors should devise strategies towards promoting and preserving the environment from getting degraded by manufacturing activities. To control the environmental degradation, the industries should devise strategies to attain the goal of the green globe through the sub-goals such as livelihood sustainability, community progression, energy conservation, consumer compatibility, and resources revamp. This chapter explores the possible ways of handling the environmental mishaps, and it throws light on the possible contributions of corporate environmental responsibility and citizen science that involves the participatory approaches of the citizens as a whole. To make a decision on 16 proposed strategies, the hybrid decision-making method on multi goals cum strategies is proposed, and the integrated approach of FUCOM (full consistency method fuzzy additive ration assessment) and fuzzy ARAS (fuzzy additive ratio assessment) is applied.
Effect of Financial Reporting Fraud on the Performance of Firms in the Nigerian Exchange Group
Authors: Oyewobi Ifeoluwapo Adebimpe
Published: March 2022

Financial reporting fraud affects corporate organizations as stakeholders express lack of self-confidence in financial reports. The chapter assessed the effect of financial reporting fraud, improper expense recognition and fictitious revenue on the performance of firms in the Nigerian Exchange Group return on assets (ROA). Secondary data were collected from the firm annual accounts. Correlation and regression analysis were employed. The results revealed that improper expense recognition has a negative significant relationship with ROA. Also, fictitious revenue reflected a positive but insignificant relationship with ROA. The chapter concluded that financial reporting fraud somewhat affects the performance of firms as supported by a positive relationship reflected by fictitious revenue and negative relationships shown by improper expense recognition. The chapter recommended that financial reporting fraud needs to be investigated to reveal the fraud that affects the performance of firms to aid better and easier forensic accounting investigation.
Video Call-Based Real-Time Crime Reporting System
Authors: Dhabe Priyadarshan , Hatekar Vedika , Wankhade Sagar , Kulkarni Ishwari , Chaudhary Rishabh , Patwari Divya Deepak
Published: March 2022

Most of the crimes that happen these days don't reach the police either because nobody reports them or there is no real time proof. The citizens don't have the real-time images, videos related to the crime, and hence, it goes unreported. This chapter presents a real-time video call-based crime reporting system, where the crime victim or an eye witness can start an end-to-end encrypted video call with the police present in the nearest police station. A data science approach is used to find the nearest police station. Once the police officer picks up the call, he will get the location of the crime and nearest route to reach the crime spot. Police can even catch the criminals or handle the crime while it is happening. After the video call ends, a recording of that call will also be available to the police.
Understanding the Application of Gamification to Business When Applied to Marketing
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos
Published: March 2022

The internet is a technology that has provided changes, giving rise to new trends and concepts applied in the most diverse areas. One of these trends is gamification, as it is a concept applied in several areas: education, information technology, management, communication, and marketing. Companies understand that gamification applied to marketing can be an opportunity to strengthen the relationship between brands and consumers, increasing consumer engagement and loyalty. Marketing strategy based on gamification can boost marketing results, increase brand engagement, generate more motivation among users, promote knowledge retention, encourage cooperation, and provide a competitive advantage and valuable feedback. It becomes pertinent to understand how gamification can attract, engage, and understand a brand's audience. This chapter is based on the methodology of a systematic bibliometric literature review with a qualitative approach to understand the application of gamification to business when applied to marketing in order to verify research themes and development patterns.
Narcissistic Personality and Financial Risk Tolerance
Authors: Şen Süleyman
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between an individual’s narcissistic personality and his/her financial risk tolerance in an emerging country sample. The sample consists of undergraduate university students who have been taking finance classes in their student life. The data is examined using mean differences and regression analyzes in this study. The main findings show that men tend to be more narcissistic and more risk-tolerant than women. The regression analysis result shows that narcissism and financial risk-taking have a statistically positive and significant relationship. In other words, the increase in the narcissism level of an individual leads him/her to be more risk-tolerant. This study has two main contributions to the literature; providing a framework for measuring the link between narcissism and financial risk tolerance and providing evidence about “narcissism bias” from an emerging country.
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Insertion of HIV Long Terminal Repeat within BACH2 Promotes Expansion of T Regulatory–like Cells
Authors: Christian Michelle L , Dapp Michael J , Scharffenberger Samuel C , Jones Hank , Song Chaozhong , Frenkel Lisa M , Krumm Anthony , Mullins James I , Rawlings David J
Published: March 2022

One key barrier to curative therapies for HIV is the limited understanding of HIV persistence. HIV provirus integration sites (ISs) within BACH2 are common, and almost all sites mapped to date are located upstream of the start codon in the same transcriptional orientation as the gene. These unique features suggest the possibility of insertional mutagenesis at this location. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based homology-directed repair in primary human CD4+ T cells, we directly modeled the effects of HIV integration within BACH2. Integration of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) and major splice donor increased BACH2 mRNA and protein levels, altered gene expression, and promoted selective outgrowth of an activated, proliferative, and T regulatory–like cell population. In contrast, introduction of the HIV-LTR alone or an HIV-LTR-major splice donor construct into STAT5B, a second common HIV IS, had no functional impact. Thus, HIV LTR-driven BACH2 expression modulates T cell programming and leads to cellular outgrowth and unique phenotypic changes, findings that support a direct role for IS-dependent HIV-1 persistence.
T Cell–Specific Deletion of TRAIL Receptor Reveals Its Critical Role for Regulating Pathologic T Cell Activation and Disease Induction in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Chyuan I-Tsu , Chu Ching-Liang , Hsu Chia-Lang , Pan Meng-Hsun , Liao Hsiu-Jung , Wu Chien-Sheng , Hsu Ping-Ning
Published: March 2022

Recent evidence from several autoimmune animal models has demonstrated that TRAIL suppresses the activation of T cells and inhibits autoimmune inflammation via an apoptosis-independent pathway. However, it remains unclear whether the immunosuppressive effects of TRAIL are dependent on its direct effects on T cells or on other immune cells to regulate T cells for the induction of disease. Therefore, we generated mice with T cell–specific TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) conditional knockout to investigate the impact of TRAIL on autoimmune inflammation and disease induction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). T cell–specific TRAIL-R knockout mice were found to completely reverse the TRAIL-mediated suppression of inflammation and disease induction, indicating that TRAIL-R on T cells is essential for TRAIL-mediated suppression of inflammation and disease induction in EAE. Moreover, the immune suppression effects were not due to the induction of cell apoptosis, but to the direct inhibition of T cell activation. In addition, RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis revealed that TRAIL-R signaling significantly downregulated the genes involved in TCR signaling pathways, T cell differentiation, and proinflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that TRAIL-R on T cells is critical for pathologic T cell activation and induction of inflammation in EAE, suggesting that TRAIL-R serves as a novel immune checkpoint receptor in T cell–mediated autoimmune diseases.
The concept of monotheism in the Book of Proverbs and an African (Yoruba) perspective
Authors: Adamo David T.
Published: March 2022

The uniqueness of the Book of Proverbs among other wisdom books is incontestable because it uses הוהי as the name of God. Its regular use of the name means that the Book is concerned about God’s monotheism. The mention of that proper name (הוהי) 94 times and the generic name םיהלא only twice (this generic name still refers to הוהי), emphasises the concept of monotheism. Monotheism in ancient Israel is not the denial of the existence of other gods, but the exclusive worship of Yahweh as the only one true God. The origin and the meaning of Yahweh although debatable, the majority of scholars believe that it is Exodus 3:13–15. The definition of proverbs although debatable, they can be defined as a traditional saying that gives advice and instruction. It is ‘a relic of ageless tradition’ that contains a pithy structure. Generally, scholars believe that Yoruba religious tradition also holds the fact that Yahweh is monotheistic by the name given to him (Olodumare). Unfortunately, the Yoruba translation of the Hebrew word יהוה is Oluwa instead of Olodumare.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This makes the Yoruba readers of the Book of Proverbs miss this monotheistic context. Can the retranslation of the Book of Proverbs make the monotheism of God in Yoruba be clearer? This article, therefore, emphasises the need for a retranslation of the present translation of the Book of Proverbs in Yoruba. This article will be an eye opener for some readers who are not sure of the concept of monotheism in the Book of Proverbs and in Yoruba religious tradition.
Detachable Hollow Cheek Plumper with Salivary Reservoir – An Innovative Method to Improve Esthetics and Function in a Conventional Complete Denture
Authors: Sharma Pushpa , Ferreira Amanda Nadia , Aras Meena , Chitre Vidya
Published: March 2022

The feeling of dryness in the mouth is referred to as xerostomia. Multiple factors can lead to xerostomia ranging from physiologic conditions like aging, to radiotherapy given for the treatment of oral carcinoma. Xerostomic patients are not able to tolerate conventional complete dentures. In most geriatric individuals due to aging, there is bone resorption and loss of soft-tissue elasticity, which may result in sunken cheeks. This case report describes the rehabilitation of a totally edentulous patient with xerostomia and sunken cheeks using a simple innovative design and technique of fabricating a hollow cheek plumper with a built-in salivary reservoir for better denture acceptability.
Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome
Authors: Nyodu Topi , Pal Soumen , Gayen Khooshbu , Nanmaran P. N. , Sarkar Subir
Published: March 2022

Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a congenital, uncommon but a well-recognized disorder, characterized by cutaneous hemangiomas, varicosities, and unilateral bone and soft tissue hypertrophy with different localization. Generally diagnosed at birth or first few years of life. KTS represents a syndrome of interest for those in the field of oral and maxillofacial radiology and pathology because of high incidence of variations seen in the orofacial region in affected patients. A case of a 3-year-old female patient with KTS reported to the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry for extraction, and we have documented and tabulated the Orodental manifestation of this patient.
Perspectivas para abordar la inteligencia artificial en la enseñanza de periodismo. Una revisión de experiencias investigadoras y docentes
Authors: Gómez-Diago Gloria
Published: March 2022

Introducción: En un contexto en el que los medios de comunicación utilizan cada vez más la inteligencia artificial (Neuman, 2021), y en el que esta tecnología está ausente en los planes de estudio de los grados y de los másteres de comunicación en España (Sanchez García; Calvo Barbero; Diez Gracia, 2021; Ufarte; Calvo; Murcia, 2020; Ufarte; Fieiras; Túñez, 2020). Metodología: Se han localizado proyectos de investigación y experiencias docentes internacionales que abordan la inteligencia artificial y que la introducen en la enseñanza de periodismo. Además, durante el año 2021, se ha participado en seis eventos académicos nacionales e internacionales de los que se obtuvieron ideas acerca de cómo abordar la inteligencia artificial en tres ámbitos del campo de la comunicación: el ámbito investigador, el contexto profesional, y la docencia universitaria. Resultados: Las ideas, y las iniciativas investigadoras y docentes recogidas afrontan la inteligencia artificial fundamentalmente, desde dos perspectivas, una perspectiva crítica que atiende a las consecuencias sociales del uso de esta tecnología y una perspectiva aplicada que busca, de manera principal, formar a los estudiantes en tres competencias: la obtención y el tratamiento de datos, la creación de contenido automatizado y la verificación de contenido. Conclusiones: Aun siendo escasas las iniciativas investigadoras y docentes disponibles, estas aportan vías para introducir la inteligencia artificial en los planes de estudio de grado y de másteres en periodismo y en comunicación, desde una perspectiva crítica que, atendiendo a lo que realizan los medios, asuma los retos formativos derivados del uso y de la extensión de esta tecnología.
Fluvoxamine for the Early Treatment of COVID-19: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Guo Christina M. , Harari Ofir , Chernecki Cameron , Thorlund Kristian , Forrest Jamie I.
Published: March 2022

Fluvoxamine is widely prescribed as an antidepressant. Recent studies show the drug may have a clinical benefit in treating COVID-19. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the existing randomized trials of fluvoxamine compared with placebo on the early treatment of COVID-19 patients. We included only randomized clinical trials enrolling ambulatory patients with early-stage disease (symptoms < 7 days) for the prevention of hospitalization. We searched MEDLINE and clinicaltrials.gov databases to identify trials and extract data with clarifications from the study investigators. We performed a fixed-effects meta-analysis and sensitivity analyses via R to evaluate the pooled estimate of hospitalization. We included three randomized trials: STOP COVID 1 and 2, and the TOGETHER Trial. The studies included a total of 2,196 patients. The STOP COVID trials measured clinical deterioration whereas the TOGETHER Trial measured hospitalization as the primary outcome. All trials reported on hospitalization up to day 28. The meta-analysis results show that patients receiving fluvoxamine were 31% less likely to experience clinical deterioration or hospitalization compared with placebo (risk ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54–0.88). A sensitivity analysis using the definition of hospitalization resulted in a risk reduction of 21% (95% CI, 0.60–1.03). Data from three randomized controlled trials show that fluvoxamine was associated with a reduction in the primary outcome measure (either clinical deterioration or composite outcome of hospitalization or extended emergency setting observation), although analysis of hospitalization-only was not statistically significant. More evidence from future trials is still needed to support the findings of this meta-analysis.
Development of Zinc and Low Carbon Steel Coatings on ABS Plastic by Electric ARC Spraying
Authors: Suryanarayana Ramesh Chinnakurli , G Koppad Praveennath , R Suresh Kumar , R Keshavamurthy
Published: March 2022

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is a highly sought-after engineering plastic for industrial applications, particularly in modern aircrafts. It offers better balance of impact strength, tensile strength, thermal resistance, dimensional stability, processing ability and affordability, the aircraft interior parts are made up of ABS plastic. However, ABS plastic is not a good choice for heavy-duty industrial applications that require corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and durability. Several studies have been published on surface metallization of ABS plastic using conventional electroplating and electroless methods, but there is little information is available on the use of thermal spray technique. This opens up a huge opportunity for research in this area to be conducted using most commonly used materials like zinc and low carbon steel. In the light of the above, the current work employs an electric arc spray technique to coat zinc and low carbon steel on ABS plastic. Prior to coating the alumina grit blasting was carried on tensile and bending samples which were prepared as per ASTM D638 and ASTM D790 standards respectively. Comparative studies showed that the zinc coated ABS samples showed better tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus than that of low carbon steel coated ABS specimen. Visual examination showed good surface finish with no surface damage for zinc coated ABS component.
Yaw Stability Analysis of a Tractor Semitrailer Using Yaw Plane Model
Authors: Arjunkumar A. , Paramhans Rishavkumar , Palanivelu Sakthivel
Published: March 2022

Lateral dynamics of a road vehicle refers to its directional control and stability. Bicycle model is the classical proven model for this study. This paper presents a4 degrees of freedom mathematical model, representing a three-axle tractor semitrailer, to investigate its yaw stability in combined cornering and braking manoeuvres. The equations of motion governing the system are derived using Newtonian mechanics and then converted into a state space form for simulation. A non-linear tire model and a load transfer model are implemented to accurately incorporate the effect of braking on yaw stability. In the first step, steady state analysis is performed to determine the variation of steady state gain characteristics such as yaw velocity gain and articulation angle gain for different loading conditions of the vehicle. Yaw response characteristics such as articulation angle, articulation rate, lateral velocity and yaw rate are simulated in MATLAB. In the second step, the directional responses of the vehicle during jackknifing and trailer swing are studied by performing simulations under wheel lock-up condition on different axles and are compared with the no-wheel-lock up condition. Eigen value analysis is used to observe the variation in stability under different simulation conditions. Finally in the third step the effect of increasing forward speed on the stability is also simulated.
Divinities and Ancestors: A Preliminary Comparison between African and Confucian Cosmologies
Authors: Hu Jiechen
Published: March 2022

This paper reflects on two sets of terms in the field of religious studies, mainly through a comparative study with the divinities and ancestorship between African and Confucian cosmologies: the first one is the classification of monotheism, polytheism and animism; and the second is so-called ‘ancestor worship’. I argue that the classification system of monotheism, polytheism, and animism is partially invalidated in both African religions and Chinese Confucianism. This is because in both traditions, even if there is a supreme or original being, it is on a continuum or spectrum with other divinities and even human beings, rather than an absolute Other. Similarly, the use of the simple word ‘worship’ to summarise ancestorship in African religions and Chinese Confucianism is actually a simplification of the relationship between the living and ancestors across both traditions.
Pathways Towards a Global Philosophy of Religion: The Problem of Evil from an Intercultural Perspective
Authors: Wang Jun , Cordeiro-Rodrigues Luís
Published: March 2022

In this article, we will make the case for an intercultural philosophy of religion with a special focus on interculturality between Chinese and African philosophies. We will provide an overview of the kind of intercultural philosophy that has already been undertaken between the East and the South and point out that a philosophy of religion has been left out. We will then make the case for a global philosophy of religion approach and why Chinese and African philosophies of religion should engage in philosophical interchanges. We will then highlight some directions for carrying out such a philosophy and explain why the problem of evil may be better addressed from an intercultural perspective.
The Question of the Nature of God from the African Place
Authors: Ogbonnaya L. Uchenna
Published: March 2022

What is the constituent nature of God? Most scholars project the idea that God is an absolute, pure spirit devoid of matter. In this paper, I engage this position from the African philosophical place. First, I contend that the postulation that God is pure spirit stems from an ontological system known as dualism. This system bifurcates reality into spirit and matter and sees spirit as good, and matter as evil. Therefore, scholars who subscribe to this theory of dualism, posit that God, the Supreme Being is the ultimate good that is, and is pure spirit. Secondly, I disagree with this position. Using the African theory of duality, I argue that everything that is has both spirit and matter, and that spirit and matter are good. Thus, God as an existent reality consists of spirit and matter. I will support my argument using Asouzu’s Ibuanyidanda ontology and Ijiomah’s Harmonious Monism, two African culture-inspired philosophical systems. In this paper, I employ conversationalism as my philosophical method.
Giant ossifying fibroma of the mandible
Authors: Fernández Ernesto Carmona
Published: March 2022

Ossifying fibroma is classified as a benign bone tumour. It is often considered to be a type of fibro-osseous lesion. It can affect both the mandible and the maxilla, particularly the mandible. This bone tumour consists of highly cellular, fibrous tissue that contains varied amounts of bone or cementum resembling calcified tissue. This case report is of an unusual peripheral ossifying fibroma involving the left side of mandible in a 22-year-old female patient, who presented to the dental department with a painless hard swelling which impaired proper breathing and mastication. The lesion was treated by surgical resection.