bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La construcción de la real armada en filipinas. Marinos españoles en Manila en la segunda mitad del Siglo XVIII = Constructing the Spanish Royal Navy in the Philippines. Navy Officers in Manila during the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Baudot Monroy María
Published: July 2019

La implantación de las reformas administrativas para controlar y rentabilizar el Imperio, promovidas por la Corona española para las Filipinas durante el siglo XVIII, se realizó con muchas dificultades y retrasos, debido a le férrea oposición de la oligarquía manilense a perder privilegios, el control de las instituciones y la gestión del Galeón de Manila, principal fuente de ingresos de la colonia. Este trabajo trata sobre la construcción de la Real Armada en Filipinas, cuya implantación y desarrollo no fue posible hasta que se encomendó a marinos del Cuerpo General de la Armada a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. El esfuerzo de estos hombres sentó las bases para que la Armada contribuyera a la conservación de las Filipinas durante el siglo XIX.mada contribuyera a la conservación de las Filipinas durante el siglo XIX.     AbstractThe implementation of administrative reforms to control and make profitable the Empire, promoted by the Spanish Crown in the Philippines, were carried out with many difficulties and delays due to the strong opposition of the Manila oligarchy who were afraid to lose their privileges and control of the institutions. Especially that of the Manila Galleon, the main source of income for the colony. These article deals with the construction of the Royal Navy, whose implantation and development was not possible until it was entrusted to officers of the Navy from the second half of the 18th century. The effort of these men laid the foundations for the Navy to contribute to the conservation of the Philippines during the 19th century.
Portugal y la fallida paz con Francia: mediación española y corrupción francesa (1796-1800) = Portugal and the Failed Peace with France: Spanish Mediation and French Corruption (1796-1800)
Authors: Chinchilla Galarzo Ainoa
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo pretende mostrar cómo funcionaban los resortes de la alianza hispano-francesa mediante el estudio de uno de los casos diplomáticos más interesantes: el fallido intento de paz entre Portugal y Francia con la mediación española. Unas negociaciones sujetas a multitud de problemas y cambios políticos, así como a la corrupción, a las luchas de poder, a miedos y al cumplimiento de las respectivas alianzas, en el periodo que va de 1796 a 1800. El artículo se ha estructurado en cuatro grandes bloques que dependen del cambio en las conversaciones.AbstractThis paper aims to show how the threads of the Spanish-French alliance worked by studying one of the most interesting diplomatic cases: the failed attempt at peace between Portugal and France with Spanish mediation. These negotiations subject to a multitude of problems and political changes, as well as to corruption, to power struggle, to fears and to the fulfillment of the respective alliances, in the period from 1796 to 1800. The article has been structured in four large blocks that depend on the change in conversations.
Reseña de: Burke, Peter: Hybrid Renaissance. Culture, Language, Architecture
Authors: Urquízar Herrera Antonio
Published: July 2019

Reseña de: Burke, Peter, Hybrid Renaissance. Culture, Language, Architecture. Budapest y Nueva York, Central European University Press, 2016, 271 pp. ISBN: 978-963-386-087-8.
Lo torcido ante todo lo recto
Authors: Bornhauser Niklas , Hamacher Werner
Published: July 2019

Resumen: Entrevista realizada por Niklas Bornhauser a Werner Hamacher, en la que este autor desgrana algunas de sus posiciones sobre la justicia lingüística. Se trata de una aportación en el ámbito de la teoría de la literatura, analizada desde un enfoque filosófico.Absatract: Interview by Niklas Bornhauser with Werner Hamacher, in which this author describes some of his positions on linguistic justice. It is a contribution in the field of the theory of literature, analyzed from a philosophical perspective.
Nación, mito e historia: La guerra hispano-cubano-norteamericana en el cine
Authors: Juan-Navarro Santiago
Published: July 2019

Resumen: El presente ensayo estudia desde una perspectiva comparada las representaciones de la Guerra hispano-cubano-norteamericana en el cine de ficción y no ficción y su trascendencia en la construcción de imaginarios nacionales basados en relaciones de dominación y resistencia. Si el cine norteamericano ha representado la contienda como la confirmación de su Destino Manifiesto y su proyección internacional, en el caso español ha dado lugar a visiones que oscilan entre las nostalgias imperiales del cine franquista y el revisionismo histórico de finales del siglo XX. El cine cubano, por su parte, ha visto en el enfrentamiento el origen de un largo ciclo de insurrecciones que habrían de culminar con el triunfo de la revolución de 1959. En los tres casos, se recurre a una visión maniquea, propagandística y mesiánica de la historia; una visión que responde al ámbito del mito y la escatología, más que al de la historia propiamente dicha.Abstract: Using a comparative perspective, this article explores cinematic (fictional and non-fictional) representations of the Spanish-Cuban-American War, as well as their importance in the construction of national imageries based on relations of dominance and resistance. While US cinema has portrayed the conflict as the validation of the nation´s Manifest Destiny and the beginning of its international projection, in the case of the Spain it has resulted in opposite views that go from the Francoist period´s imperial nostalgia to the revisionist views of the late 1990s. As for Cuban cinema, it has sought in this confrontation the origin of a long series of struggles for independence that culminated with the triumph of the Revolution in 1959. In all three cases, films resort to a Manichean, propagandistic, and Messianic view of history; a view that responds to the realm of myth and eschatology, rather than to the one of history itself.
Raymond Aron y José Ortega y Gasset: dos vidas paralelas en defensa del liberalismo
Authors: González Cuevas Pedro Carlos
Published: July 2019

Francia y España han sido dos sociedades muy diferentes. No obstante, hubieron de enfrentarse a una problemática análoga, sobre todo en los años treinta y en el periodo de la guerra fría, como era la de la crisis del sistema liberal. José Ortega y Gasset y Raymond Aron están unidos en su perspectiva de renovación del pensamiento liberal frente a las fuerzas políticas e intelectuales que lo pusieron en cuestión. Ambos defendieron una variedad de liberalismo que el sociólogo italiano Carlo Gambescia ha denominado “liberalismo árquico”, basado en el historicismo y el realismo político.France and Spain were two very different societies. Nevertheless, they had to face a similar problem especially in the 1930’s and during the period of the cold war, as it was the crisis of the liberalism system. José Ortega y Gasset and Raymond Aron are united in their perspective of renewal of liberal thought in front of the political forces and intellectuals who put in question. Both defended a variety of liberalism that the italian sociologist Carlo Gambescia has been called “liberalism archic”, based on the historicism and political realism.
Recensión: Díaz Fernández, Antonio M., La investigación de temas sensibles en Criminología y Seguridad. Madrid: Tecnos, 2019 (251 págs.)
Authors: Del Real Castrillo Cristina
Published: July 2019

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IBN ʿARABĪ/LLANSOL: EL VIAJE A TRAVÉS DE UNA RAZÓN ASOMBRADA
Authors: Alonso Julia
Published: July 2019

Resumen: Esta es una reflexión sobre el viaje espiritual emprendido por Ibn ʿArabī y Maria Gabriela Llansol, dejando patente que la distancia histórica no es óbice para que esta odisea del espíritu se perpetúe en el ser humano impulsado por el anhelo, que conduce a un conocimiento noético capaz de sortear el espacio-tiempo ordinarios y hacernos disfrutar con la «fiesta gadameriana» del instante. Esta atracción inexplicable se halla mediada por la Saudade, la Señora de la Noche pessoana, la diosa de Pascoaes y también de Parménides, la que de su mano conduce a los iniciados al ámbito, el entre-ser, en el que se advierte la presencia de un mundo imaginal al que lleva un sendero poblado de cromatismos que representan otros tantos estados del alma. El juego de los colores en el sufismo y en la obra de Llansol, da lugar a visiones deslumbrantes y paradójicas, poniendo de relieve la existencia de un universo extravagante, tan solo al alcance de los soñadores bienaventurados. Abstract: This is a reflection on the spiritual journey undertaken by Ibn ʿArabī and Maria Gabriela Llansol, making it clear that historical distance is not an obstacle for this odyssey of the spirit to be perpetuated in the human being driven by longing, which leads to a noetic knowledge capable to avoid the ordinary space-time and make us enjoy the «Gadamerian party» of the moment. This inexplicable attraction is mediated by the Saudade, the lady of Pessoa’s night, the goddess of Pascoaes and also of Parmenides, who by her hand leads the initiates to the realm, the between-being [entre-ser], in which the presence is noticed of an imaginary world to be reached through a path full of chromatisms, that represent so many other states of the soul. The game of colors in Sufism and in the work of Llansol, gives rise to dazzling and paradoxical visions, highlighting the existence of an extravagant universe, only within reach of the blessed dreamers.
Obstetric practices developed in two maternities for low risk mothers
Authors: Carvalho Isaiane da Silva , De Brito Rosineide Santana
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la atención prestada a la mujeres y a su hijo durante el parto normal en las maternidades públicas de la ciudad de Natal/RN, Nordeste de Brasil. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, en dos hospitales públicos con 314 madres asistidas en el período de abril a julio 2014. Resultados: Las diferencias entre los hospitales fueron identificadas en cuanto a la oferta de líquidos por vía oral (p=0,018), estímulo a la posición no supina (p=0,002), presencia de partograma (p=0,001), apoyo o atención por profesionales de la salud (p=0,047), infusión intravenosa (p<0,001), posición supina (p<0,001), uso de oxitocina (p<0,001), restricción de líquidos y alimentos (p=0,002), y el hecho del toque ser realizado por más de un examinador (p=0,011). La asistencia durante el proceso del parto y nacimiento mostró mejores resultados en general para la maternidad A.Conclusiones: Se hace necesario implementar mejoras y la readecuación del actual modelo obstétrico.

Objective: Evaluate the quality of care provided to women and children during cases of natural childbirth in municipal public maternity wards of the city of Natal/RN, Brazilian Northeast. Method: A cross-sectional study, quantitative in two public hospitals with 314 puerperal women attending the period between April and July 2014. Results: The differences between the maternity wards were identified with regard to the provision of liquids orally (p=0.018), stimulus for non-supine position (p=0.002), existence of partograph (p=0.001), support or welcoming by health professionals (p=0.047) intravenous infusion (p<0.001), supine position (p<0.001), use of oxytocin (p<0.001), food and liquid restriction (p=0.002), and the fact that the touch is performed by more than one examiner (p=0.011). Assistance during the process of labor and birth showed better results in general for motherhood A. Conclusions: They become necessary to implement improvements and realignment of current obstetric model.

Objetivo: Avaliou-se a qualidade da assistência prestada à mulher e ao filho durante o parto normal nas maternidades públicas municipais da cidade de Natal/RN, Nordeste do Brasil. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, quantitativo, em duas maternidades públicas, com 314 puérperas atendidas no período de abril a julho de 2014. Resultados: As diferenças entre as maternidades foram identificadas quanto ao oferecimento de líquidos por via oral (p=0,018), estímulo a posições não supinas (p=0,002), existência de partograma (p=0,001), apoio ou acolhimento pelos profissionais de saúde (p=0,047), infusão intravenosa (p<0,001), posição supina (p<0,001), uso de ocitocina (p<0,001), restrição hídrica e alimentar (p=0,002), e o fato de o toque ser realizado por mais de 1 examinador (p=0,011). A assistência prestada durante o processo de parto e nascimento apresentou melhores resultados, em geral, para a maternidade A. Conclusões: Fazem-se necessárias à implementação de melhorias e readequação do modelo obstétrico vigente.
Job satisfaction and happiness in Peruvian nurses
Authors: Duche Pérez Aleixandre , Rivera Galdos Gabriela Lucia
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la satisfacción laboral y la felicidad en el personal de enfermería del Hospital Nacional Alberto Seguín Escobedo EsSalud de la ciudad de Arequipa (Perú).Métodos: Mediante el método cuantitativo y el diseño no experimental, transversal-correlacional, se aplicó la escala de Satisfacción Laboral SL-SPC de Palma (1999) y la escala de Felicidad de Alarcón (2006) a una muestra de 83 trabajadoras, entre los 25 a 65 años de edad, que laboran como enfermeras.Resultados: Se encontró que las dimensiones presentan mayor satisfacción laboral en las enfermeras son el “desarrollo personal” y “desempeño de tareas” (≥70, en ambos casos). En el caso de la variable Felicidad, se identificó que la dimensión “Satisfacción con la Vida”, es la que presenta mayor valoración (≥90, en los tres casos). Por otra parte, el estudio identificó la existencia de correlaciones directas e inversas entre las variables de estudio. Conclusión: Se observaron asociaciones positivas entre dimensiones de la satisfacción laboral y factores de felicidad. El compañerismo y el deseo de alcanzar una meta de desarrollo personal y profesional aumenta el sentido de felicidad que las enfermeras perciben en su vida laboral.

 

Objective: To analyze the relationship between job satisfaction and happiness in the nursing staff of the Alberto Seguín Escobedo EsSalud National Hospital in the city of Arequipa (Peru).Methods: Using the quantitative method and the non-experimental, transversal-correlational design, the SL-SPC Labor Satisfaction Scale of Palma (1999) and the Happiness Scale of Alarcón (2006) were applied to a sample of 83 workers, among the 25 to 65 years old, who work as nurses.Results: It was found that the dimensions with higher job satisfaction in nurses are "personal development" and "task performance" (≥70, in both cases). In the case of the Happiness variable, it was identified that the "Satisfaction with Life" dimension is the one with the highest valuation (≥90, in all three cases). On the other hand, the study identified the existence of direct and inverse correlations between the study variables.Conclusion: Positive associations were observed between dimensions of job satisfaction and happiness factors. The companionship and the desire to achieve a goal of personal and professional development increases the sense of happiness that nurses perceive in their work life.
Objeto patológico / objeto panóptico. Diseño para la transparencia y la optimización en dispositivos ponibles
Authors: de Manuel Lozano Alicia
Published: July 2019

«Las dimensiones de comportamiento pueden llegar a responder al diseño del objeto electrónico», así comienza Anthony Dunne su libro sobre diseño especulativo Hertzian Tales (Dunne 2005) cuando se refiere al objeto patológico. Este objeto, manipulado tecnológicamente, sustrae al usuario de un comportamiento estandarizado y genera una experiencia de comportamiento patológico que puede llegar a ser paranoica o sospechosa. Por otro lado, el objeto panóptico, derivado de la teoría de Bentham expuesta después por Foucault en Vigilar y Castigar (Foucault 1975), nos habla de un objeto tecnológico cuya mirada se transforma en un estado de vigilancia, en la que además nada escapa. Los dispositivos ponibles y, por ende, internet de las cosas, forman parte de los dispositivos capaces de ser ambas cosas. Se trata de una tecnología que, gracias al desarrollo del Bluetooth y el abaratamiento de los sensores, ha sido posible desarrollar en la actualidad. Este artículo presenta un análisis de esta nueva tecnología, inscrita bajo el paraguas de internet de las cosas, por medio de una mirada panóptica y otra patológica.
Tamar Jalis’ Bercakap Dengan Jin or Discourse with the Jinn: A Modern-Day Malay Odyssey
Authors: Nazri Abdullah Ahmad , Abu Hassan Maznah
Published: July 2019

In April, 1981 Variasari, a Malay vernacular magazine that deals in the occult and the paranormal, published its first series of supernatural horror thriller written by a writer who went by the pseudonym Tamar Jalis titled Bercakap Dengan Jin or Discourse with the Jinn. The stories were apportioned into 284 series which saw the final instalment published in January, 2005. It was an unprecedented event in the history of Malay vernacular magazines’ success story. The story is about a teenager named Tamar who accompanied his grandfather, a faith healer and ghost buster of extraordinary prowess, on his journey to several places in Malaysia and Indonesia in the late sixties to help those who were in dire needs of assistance in fighting demonic–related cases. This paper attempts to discuss the collection of stories as a modern-day Malay odyssey. It will discuss four important elements in the story: the narratives of wandering; the ritualistic strands in the story; the theme of endurance as a mode of heroism; and the feminist role in the narratives. These are some of the elements that make the series of stories appeal to its die-hard fans. The series of stories simply had an uncanny effect on the Malay psyche. In its own unique way, the series of stories is akin to a modern-day Malay odyssey.
Narrative Realism at the Interplay of Traditionality and Modernity in Ousmane Sembene’s God’s Bits of Woods and Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s The River Between
Authors: Ndour Moustapha
Published: July 2019

This paper articulates the interactions between a traditional and modern world as embodied by the colonizer and the colonized, focusing on Ousmane Sembène’s God’s Bits of Woods (1960) and Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s The River Between (1965). It argues that both narratives can be read as realist novels that counter the hegemonic power of the European empire. While Sembène engages in critiquing imperialism and its social and cultural effects in the West African community –Senegal, Mali and Niger – Ngugi concentrates on the internal problems of the Gikuyu as they respond to the contact with the Western culture. The essay claims that the sociopolitical agendas in these novels should be understood within the context of French and British colonial regimes concerned with finding a legitimizing basis and control in an era when social and political forces of the colonies were energetically asserting themselves.
Unfolding The Female Journey in Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49 and Alameddine’s An Unnecessary Woman
Authors: Al-Khatib Ms. Dina , Awad Dr. Yousef
Published: July 2019

This study explores the representations of the female journey and its interconnectedness with female development in Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49 (1966) and Rabih Alameddine’s An Unnecessary Woman (2014). By re-visioning psychotherapist and author Maureen Murdock’s journey paradigm and condensing it into three essential stages (The Separation, The Descent and The Rebirth), this study maintains the applicability of the heroine’s journey to the two male-authored novels. Each heroine’s journey begins when she becomes conscious of the fact that she has been living on the margins of her own life. Consequently, she becomes determined to challenge the conceptualization of traditionally-defined femininity, break free from the oppressive gender roles that were prescribed to them by patriarchy and ultimately define themselves as whole. The significance of this study stems from the fact that it provides an interpretation of how the two heroines’ internal struggles are translated into the outside world in the framework of the postmodern novel, and that it juxtaposes the journeys of two women of different ages, times, social and cultural backgrounds, in order to foreground the universal, multi-dimensional, and transcultural nature of the journey motif.
On the interplay between historical pragmatics and sociolinguistics. The case of the Spanish pragmatic marker nada and its recent grammaticalization process
Authors:   Ghent University (Bélgica), Enghels Renata , Tanghe Sanne ,   Ghent University
Published: July 2019

This article examines the hypothesis according to which the increasing use of nada as a pragmatic marker is the recent outcome of a grammaticalization process, mainly observed in youth language. In addition to providing an overview of its polyfunctionality, it examines in detail the functional and structural changes that the poorly studied marker has undergone in contemporary Spanish. The stage of grammaticalization reached by nada is carefully examined through a diachronic corpus analysis, quantitatively and qualitatively tracking its behavior during four contemporary time periods (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, >2000), and documented in various databases of spoken language. The study further argues in favor of combining different methodologies in the analysis of (recent) language change, and the development of pragmatic markers in particular, namely a real-time analysis, an apparent-time analysis and a crossover between both
Selenium Contents of Common Cereal and Legume Staples in Central Nigeria
Authors: Zarmai Saidu , Eneji Ishaq S. , Sha’Ato Rufus
Published: July 2019

The selenium contents of three selected cereals (maize, millet and sorghum) and four selected legumes (soybeans, groundnuts, white and brown beans) grown and consumed in Central Nigeria was determined using hydride generation–atomic absorption spectrophotometry (HG–AAS). Results of the analysis showed that mean concentrations (µg/kg) of selenium in the cereals were 82.2 ± 27.7; 57.8 ± 12.2 and 38.6 ± 7.9 for maize, millet and sorghum, respectively.  Similarly, analytical results showed that among the legumes, brown beans contained the highest mean selenium contents (82.5 ± 18.9 µg/kg), followed by ground nuts (66.5 ± 15.4 µg/kg); the contents in soybeans (35.7 ± 9.3 µg/kg) and white beans (34.7 ± 7.2 µg/kg) were comparable. The mean values for selenium contents obtained in this work are generally higher than literature values for similar foodstuff, most of the values lie within the limit referred to as lower and safe upper reference nutrient intake. The differences could be determined due to the total selenium concentration and its bioavailability in the soils on which these crops are grown. The trend of selenium contents in the cereal and legume staples was as follows: maize > brown beans > groundnuts > millet > sorghum > soybeans > white beans.
Characterization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) P848L, an unusual EGFR variant present in lung cancer patients, in a murine Ba/F3 model
Authors: Sarcar Bhaswati , Gimbrone Nicholas T. , Wright Gabriela , Remsing Rix Lily L. , Gordian Edna R. , Rix Uwe , Chiappori Alberto A. , Reuther Gary W. , Santiago‐Cardona Pedro G. , Muñoz‐Antonia Teresita , Cress William Douglas
Published: July 2019

Lung cancer patients with mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) benefit from treatments targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, both intrinsic and acquired resistance of tumors to TKIs are common, and EGFR variants have been identified that are resistant to multiple TKIs. In the present study, we characterized selected EGFR variants previously observed in lung cancer patients and expressed in a murine bone marrow pro‐B Ba/F3 cell model. Among these EGFR variants, we report that an exon 20 deletion/insertion mutation S768insVGH is resistant to erlotinib (a first‐generation TKI), but sensitive to osimertinib (a third‐generation TKI). We also characterized a rare exon 21 germline variant, EGFR P848L, which transformed Ba/F3 cells and conferred resistance to multiple EGFR‐targeting TKIs. Our analysis revealed that P848L (a) does not bind erlotinib; (b) is turned over less rapidly than L858R (a common tumor‐derived EGFR mutation); (c) is not autophosphorylated at Tyr 1045 [the major docking site for Cbl proto‐oncogene (c‐Cbl) binding]; and (d) does not bind c‐Cbl. Using viability assays including 300 clinically relevant targeted compounds, we observed that Ba/F3 cells transduced with EGFR P848L, S768insVGH, or L858R have very different drug‐sensitivity profiles. In particular, EGFR P848L, but not L858R or S768insVGH, was sensitive to multiple Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitors. In contrast, cells driven by L858R, but not by P848L, were sensitive to multikinase MAPK/extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) kinase and ERK inhibitors including EGFR‐specific TKIs. These observations suggest that continued investigation of rare TKI‐resistant EGFR variants is warranted to identify optimal treatments for cancer.
Novel P397S MAPT variant associated with late onset and slow progressive frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Borrego‐Écija Sergi , Antonell Anna , Puig‐Butillé Joan Anton , Pericot Inmaculada , Prat‐Bravo Carme , Abellan‐Vidal Maria Teresa , Mallada Javier , Olives Jaume , Falgàs Neus , Oliva Rafael , Lladó Albert , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel
Published: July 2019

Mutations in the MAPT gene cause frontotemporal dementia with tau deposits. We report the novel p.P397S MAPT variant in eight subjects from five apparently nonrelated families suffering from frontotemporal dementia with autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. In silico analysis reported conflicting evidence of pathogenicity. The segregation analysis support that this variant is likely pathogenic. The mean age at onset (61.4 years) and mean disease duration (13.9 years) of these subjects and their affected relatives were significantly higher compared with our series of p.P301L MAPT mutation carriers. These findings suggest that p.P397S variant could be a new MAPT mutation associated with a less aggressive phenotype than other MAPT mutations.
Spin Frustration Drives Exchange Bias Sign Crossover in CoFe2O4–Cr2O3 Nanocomposites
Authors: Testa‐Anta Martín , Rivas‐Murias Beatriz , Salgueiriño Verónica
Published: July 2019

A combined Raman spectroscopy and magnetometry study of CoFe2O4–Cr2O3 nanocomposites demonstrates the presence of spin–phonon interactions and exchange bias at the interface between the ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 and the antiferromagnetic and magnetoelectric Cr2O3 phases. The pinned layer of uncompensated spins at the surface of the chromium oxide nanocrystals provides a source of unidirectional anisotropy and changes the sign of the exchange bias when transitioning from a canted to a frustrated situation, that is, as increasing the percentage of CoFe2O4 or decreasing the percentage of Cr2O3 in the composites. This assessment of the distinctive interfaces attained in the final oxide heterostructures offers a prospective route for hybrid materials which uphold a magnetoelectric effect.
Enantioselective Syntheses of α‐exo‐Methylene‐Lactones via Organocatalytic Halolactonization
Authors: Wang Wei , He Haoquan , Gan Min , Wang Haitao , Wang Yuqiang , Jiang Xiaojian
Published: July 2019

α‐exo‐Methylene‐γ‐butyrolactones and α‐exo‐methylene‐δ‐valerolactones constitute an important group of natural and bioactive products. An enantioselective halolactonization of dienoic acids using (DHQD)2PHAL catalyst is described. Various halogenated α‐exo‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactones and α‐exo‐methylene‐δ‐valerolactones were obtained in high yields and enantioselectivities. The resulting enantioenriched halogenated α‐exo‐methylene‐lactones were found to exhibit significant tumor‐inhibiting activities.

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Advanced NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging Technology for In Vivo Precision Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Li Chunyan , Wang Qiangbin
Published: July 2019

As a cutting‐edge imaging technology, fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) window has attracted tremendous attention. Compared to the classical fluorescence imaging in the visible (400–650 nm) and NIR‐I (650–950 nm) window, the NIR‐II fluorescence imaging greatly improves photon penetration in living bodies with high fidelity due to its minimized tissue absorption, scattering, and autofluorescence. It is considered to be the next‐generation intravital fluorescence imaging technique which has great potential for biomedical research and clinical practice. Herein, the progress of NIR‐II fluorescence imaging in tumor theranostics is summarized. The recent advances in tumor diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation using this novel imaging technique are highlighted, and its current challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
Influence of Algorithm Parameters of Bayesian Optimization, Genetic Algorithm, and Particle Swarm Optimization on Their Optimization Performance
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Lei , Ogawa Toshio , Adachi Yoshitaka
Published: July 2019

In response to modern materials research, a data‐driven properties‐to‐microstructure‐to‐processing inverse analysis is proposed for use in material design. In the present work, machine learning optimization algorithms of Bayesian optimization, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization are used to perform inverse analysis with a maximum property search. The use of machine learning algorithms readily involves careful tuning of learning parameters, which is often carried out by a trial‐and‐error method requiring expert experience or general guidelines, and the choices of such parameters can play a critical role in attaining good optimization performance. Thus, the influence of various parameters on the optimization performance of the aforementioned algorithms are systematically investigated to provide a protocol for selecting adequate algorithm parameters for a given optimization problem in data‐driven material design.
Dynamics of Anisotropic Break‐Up in Nanowires of FCC Lattice Structure
Authors: Gorshkov Vyacheslav N. , Sareh Pooya , Tereshchuk Vladimir V. , Soleiman‐Fallah Arash
Published: July 2019

Nanowires are known to be thermally unstable and may break up into chains of nanoparticles at temperatures below their melting point. This phenomenon is reminiscent of the well‐known Rayleigh–Plateau instability of liquid jets, when periodic sausage‐like perturbations of the jet surface increase with time. The corresponding nanowire/jet shape modifications must be followed by a decrease in total surface energy. However, unlike isotropic liquid jet surfaces, the realization of this abatement in the system with a strong lattice structure and physical dissimilarity of bounding facets, leads to specific features of nanowire break‐up, namely, significant variations in the size of nanodrops and the average distance between them, the formation of long‐living dumbbells, and zigzag‐like structures. Here, the physical mechanisms of such diversity are analyzed. Apart from scientific insights, the yielded results can be potentially useful in applications such as the development of optical waveguides based on ordered nanoparticles chains.
American Indian Researcher Perspectives on Qualitative Inquiry About and Within American Indian Communities
Authors: Walden Angela L. , West Amy E.
Published: July 2019

Highlights

Conducting research on American Indian (AI) issues may present unique challenges for AI researchers.

Here, two AI researchers reflect upon qualitative research focused on AI issues and/or communities.

Their reports highlight the need to increase personal and institutional support for AI researchers.
Community‐Engaged Neighborhood Revitalization and Empowerment: Busy Streets Theory in Action
Authors: Rupp Laney A. , Zimmerman Marc A. , Sly Kathleen W. , Reischl Thomas M. , Thulin Elyse J. , Wyatt Thomas A. , Stock John (Jack) P.
Published: July 2019

Busy streets theory predicts that engaging residents in physical revitalization of neighborhoods will facilitate community empowerment through the development of sense of community, social cohesion, collective efficacy, social capital, and behavioral action. Establishing safe environments fosters positive street activity, which reinforces neighborhood social relationships. A community‐engaged approach to crime prevention through environmental design (CE‐CPTED) is one promising approach to creating busy streets because it engages residents in collaborative interactions to promote safer environments. Yet, few researchers have studied how CE‐CPTED may be associated with busy streets. We interviewed 18 residents and stakeholders implementing CE‐CPTED in Flint, Michigan. We studied three neighborhoods with different levels of resident control over CE‐CPTED. Participants described how CE‐CPTED implementation affected their neighborhood. Participants from all three neighborhoods reported that CE‐CPTED was associated with positive street activity, sense of community, and collective efficacy. Participants from neighborhoods with higher resident control of CE‐CPTED reported more social capital and behavioral action than those from neighborhoods with less resident control. Our findings support busy streets theory: Community engagement in neighborhood improvement enhanced community empowerment. CE‐CPTED that combines physical revitalization with resident engagement and control creates a potent synergy for promoting safe and healthy neighborhoods.
PAPSS2‐related brachyolmia: Clinical and radiological phenotype in 18 new cases
Authors: Bownass Lucy , Abbs Stephen , Armstrong Ruth , Baujat Genevieve , Behzadi Gry , Berentsen Ragnhild Drage , Burren Christine , Calder Alistair , Cormier‐Daire Valérie , Newbury‐Ecob Ruth , Foulds Nicola , Juliusson Petur B. , Kant Sarina G. , Lefroy Henrietta , Mehta Sarju G. , Merckoll Else , Michot Caroline , Monsell Fergal , Offiah Amaka C. , Richards Allan , Rosendahl Karen , Rustad Cecilie F. , Shears Deborah , Tveten Kristian , Wellesley Diana , Wordsworth Paul ,   Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, Smithson Sarah
Published: July 2019

Brachyolmia is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by short spine‐short stature, platyspondyly, and minor long bone abnormalities. We describe 18 patients, from different ethnic backgrounds and ages ranging from infancy to 19 years, with the autosomal recessive form, associated with PAPSS2. The main clinical features include disproportionate short stature with short spine associated with variable symptoms of pain, stiffness, and spinal deformity. Eight patients presented prenatally with short femora, whereas later in childhood their short‐spine phenotype emerged. We observed the same pattern of changing skeletal proportion in other patients. The radiological findings included platyspondyly, irregular end plates of the elongated vertebral bodies, narrow disc spaces and short over‐faced pedicles. In the limbs, there was mild shortening of femoral necks and tibiae in some patients, whereas others had minor epiphyseal or metaphyseal changes. In all patients, exome and Sanger sequencing identified homozygous or compound heterozygous PAPSS2 variants, including c.809G>A, common to white European patients. Bi‐parental inheritance was established where possible. Low serum DHEAS, but not overt androgen excess was identified. Our study indicates that autosomal recessive brachyolmia occurs across continents and may be under‐recognized in infancy. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of short femora presenting in the second trimester.
Sinonasal mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a review of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Triantafillou Vasiliki , Maina Ivy W. , Kuan Edward C. , Kohanski Michael A. , Tong Charles C. , Patel Neil N. , Carey Ryan M. , Workman Alan D. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Brant Jason A.
Published: July 2019

Background

Primary sinonasal mucoepidermoid carcinoma (SN‐MEC) is a malignancy arising from seromucinous glands of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Given its rarity, few large‐scale studies have been performed. In this study we describe the incidence and determinants of survival of patients with SN‐MEC leveraging the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Methods

This was a retrospective, population‐based cohort study of patients diagnosed with SN‐MEC between 2004 and 2012 within the NCDB. The main outcome measure was overall survival (OS).

Results

A total of 164 patients were identified. The cohort was composed of 47.6% males. Mean age at diagnosis was 59.7 years. The maxillary sinus was the most common primary site, accounting for 45.7% of cases. Eleven percent of patients presented with nodal disease, whereas 2.1% had distant metastases. Stage IV disease was seen in 30.4% of cases. A total of 79.8% of the patients underwent surgery, 61.0% received radiation therapy, and 15.1% had chemotherapy. OS at 1, 2, and 5 years was 83%, 77.0%, and 57%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, Medicaid insurance status (hazard ratio [HR], 7.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74‐30.57), advanced tumor size (HR, 4.94; 95% CI, 1.19‐20.5), and advanced nodal disease (N1: HR, 9.48; 95% CI, 1.66‐54.23; N2B: HR, 19.3; 95% CI, 1.07‐350.64) were associated with worse OS.

Conclusion

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common salivary gland malignancy but a rare sinonasal malignancy, with 5‐year survival for SN‐MEC approximating 50%. A significant proportion of patients present with advanced disease. Both socioeconomic factors and tumor characteristics are associated with survival.
Sonochemical synthesis of library benzodiazepines using highly efficient molecular ionic liquid supported on Fe‐MCM‐41 nanocomposites as a recyclable catalyst
Authors: Nejadshafiee Vajihe , Naeimi Hossein , Islami Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2019

In this study, library substituted benzodiazepines was synthesized using molecular ionic liquid supported on Fe‐MCM‐41 nanocomposites (Fe‐MCM‐41‐IL). This protocol using ultrasound provided advantages such as rapid, clean conversion and simplicity in experimental setup that led to rapid generation of benzodiazepines under mild condition. The catalyst can be easily isolated by using an external magnetic field and reused in the next reaction up to six cycles without obvious activity decreasing.
Adsorption behavior of Pt embedded on N‐doped graphene sheets toward NO and NH3 molecules
Authors: Gao Zhengyang , Li Xiang , Li Ang , Ma Chuanzhi , Liu Xiaoshuo , Yang Jianmeng , Yang Weijie
Published: July 2019

NO and NH3 are key gases involved in the selective catalytic reduction reaction. To gain insight of gas adsorption characteristics, Pt‐decorated graphene with four different graphene‐based supports for adsorbing NO and NH3 has been investigated by first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption structure, adsorption energy, charge distribution and electronic properties of NO and NH3 on Pt/xN‐GN surface are thoroughly explored. Additionally, density of states and Fermi softness are calculated to analyze the support effects. It is found that NO is strongly adsorbed on Pt/xN‐GN with considerable adsorption energy of 1.68–4.41 eV, while NH3 is relatively weaker adsorbed on the same catalysts with adsorption energy of 0.84–1.79 eV. In addition, Fermi softness and bond length of Pt atom and N atom of adsorbate were found to be effective descriptors of adsorption on the Pt/xN‐GN surface. Our work reveals that Pt/xN‐GN can adsorb NO and NH3 well, which may be a useful clue for following selective catalytic reduction reaction.
Electrical percolation of silicone rubber filled by carbon black and carbon nanotubes researched by the Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Lu Yingchun , Wu Hao , Liu Jian , Liu Yue , Zhao Junnan , Liu Ping , Wang Junfeng , Liang Huaguo , Huang Ying , Song Aiguo
Published: July 2019

Electrical percolation of carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) filled into silicone rubber (SR) is analyzed by the three‐dimensional (3D) Monte Carlo simulation. First, the 3D models and simulation parameters of CB and CNTs are researched to narrow the deviation between simulation and experimental results of CB/SR and CNTs/SR. The degree of agglomeration is the most important parameter in simulation for CB. The 3D model of CNTs is the most important factor in simulation for CNTs. Then, the 3D Monte Carlo simulation for CB/CNTs/SR is developed based on the optimized 3D models and parameters of CB and CNTs. The results yielded by the simulation with optimized parameters are similar to the experiments and synergistic conductive effect of two hybrid fillers in nanocomposites exists. This work has demonstrated that the quantification of the electrical percolation of two hybrid fillers in nanocomposites by Monte Carlo simulation is feasible. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48222.
Nonlinear resistivity in epoxy composites containing Mn‐based ferrite magnetic particles
Authors: Matsuzaki Hidehito , Suzuki Akifumi , Naka Yumiko , Le Khoa V. , Sasaki Takeo
Published: July 2019

In this study, magnetic particles were employed as nonlinear resistive materials in electric stress grading composites. Epoxy resin films containing either manganese‐based ferrite magnetic (Mn‐FM) particles or manganese‐magnesium‐based ferrite magnetic particles were prepared, and the threshold voltages required for these films to exhibit nonlinear resistivity were determined. The sample containing Mn‐FM particles having irregular shapes [Mn‐FM(i)] at 20 vol % showed the highest nonlinear resistivity. Assessments of the magnetic characteristics of these materials demonstrated a relationship between magnetic flux density and nonlinear resistivity. The magnetic flux density of the Mn‐FM(i) composite was the highest among the various specimens, indicating that magnetic flux density may affect nonlinear resistivity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48229.
Preparation and properties of thermosetting powder/graphene oxide coatings for anticorrosion application
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Fei , Mao Jian
Published: July 2019

The goal of this research was to simplify the preparation process of graphene‐contained powder coatings for metal anticorrosion. To do this, thermosetting powder/graphene oxide (TP@GO) composites were prepared via a facile planetary ball‐milling technique and were painted onto tinplates by electrostatic spraying. After immersion in a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution for 9 days, potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed superior anticorrosion performance for the 1.5 wt % graphene oxide coating (TP@GO15), providing 74.1% decreased corrosion current and 34.2% increased corrosion potential compared to pure thermosetting powder coating. After 48 days of immersion, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of the prepared materials revealed that the anticorrosion properties were in the sequence TP < TP@GO10 < TP@GO20 < TP@GO15. The results indicated that addition of moderate amount of graphene oxide to prepare TP@GO coatings can significantly promote the anticorrosion performance of metals. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48264.
Corrosion protection by epoxy/poly(aniline‐co‐pyrrole)/ZnO nanocomposite coating
Authors: Golshekan Mostafa , Shirini Farhad
Published: July 2019

Anticorrosion behavior of epoxy/poly(aniline‐co‐pyrrole)/ZnO (EPAPZ) coating on stainless steel 304 alloys is investigated using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method, and the coating is compared with epoxy/polyaniline/ZnO (EPAZ) and pure epoxy (EP) coatings. Scanning electron microscopy images are used for structural characterization and to compare the particle size of nanoparticles. EIS result showed that coating resistance for EPAPZ, EPAZ, and EP coatings after 90 days of immersion in 3.5% NaCl was 1.18 × 107, 1.08 × 106, and 4.28 × 104 Ω cm−2, respectively. In addition, the volume percentage of water absorbed by the coating, which could be obtained by coating capacitance, is 2.81, 4.21, and 9.11, respectively. Immersion tests showed 0.063, 0.194, and 0.752% of weight loss in the metals under EPAPZ, EPAZ, and EP coatings, respectively. These results show that the EPAPZ coating has superior anticorrosive performance compared with EPAZ and EP coatings. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48265.
Eco‐friendly thermal insulation material from cellulose nanofibre
Authors: Jose Jasmine , Thomas Vinoy , Raj Archana , John Jancy , Mathew Raji Mary , Vinod Vrinda , Rejeena Ibrahimkutty , Mathew Sebastian , Abraham Rani , Mujeeb Abdulhassan
Published: July 2019

Nano cellulose is a material of current interest that has attracted considerable attention from researchers due to its interesting properties such as low toxicity, availability, natural abundance, biodegradability, and flexible surface chemistry. Cellulose fiber, usually derived from wood, plant walls or cotton is an eco‐friendly thermal insulation material. The cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) described in this work were derived from cotton via sulfuric acid hydrolysis followed by ultrasonication. The formation of CNF and its morphology were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermooptic parameters of the prepared sample, which to the author's knowledge has not been reported so far, were studied by the dual beam mode‐matched thermal lens technique. Thermal diffusivity (2.61 × 10−8 m2/s) and thermal conductivity (0.108 W/mK) values of the prepared CNFs clearly point to the application potential of the material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48272.
Variation of the auroral oval size and offset for different magnetic activity levels described by the Kp‐index
Authors: Wagner Daniel , Neuhäuser Ralph
Published: July 2019

The understanding of the behavior of the auroral oval is crucial for the correct reconstruction of its size and location during past centuries by using historical aurora sightings. Therefore, we investigated the radius of the intensity maximum of the oval as well as the offset from the geomagnetic poles for different magnetic activity levels described by the Kp‐index. The Spin‐Scan Auroral Imager mounted on the Dynamics Explorer 1 satellite provides image data from 1981 to 1991, which were used for this purpose. Geometrical analysis of the oval's intensity maximum for each image, transformed into quasi‐dipole coordinates, gives the center of the oval and its radius. The results show a linear dependence between the Kp‐index and radius and a nearly constant shift of the oval center toward the midnight sector of around 4.5°. Furthermore, the images show that the Holzworth mathematical model underestimates the size of the auroral oval in the dawn and dusk sector especially for high magnetic activities.