bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New methods in optical diagnostics on production engines with only minor modifications
Authors: HENTSCHEL Werner
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the performance of micro-invasive optical diagnostics as advanced tools in
the development process of modern direct-injection (DI) gasoline engines. The use of endoscopes and optical probes
minimise the mechanical modifications on the engine necessary to achieve the optical access to the combustion chamber.
No expensive optical engines with large optical windows are required but only small holes of about 10 mm in the cylinder
head or in a plate between cylinder head and cylinder liner are used to apply laser diagnostics. Basic in-cylinder
phenomena, such as the formation of the flow field, the penetration of the spray at high fuel pressure, the interaction of
spray and flow, the formation of an ignitable mixture and the start of combustion are analysed in detail. High-power
solid-state pulsed lasers emitting ultraviolet or green light, state-of the-art high-speed colour video cameras, and newly
designed optical probes were used for the investigations. Selected results from current research and development work
demonstrate the capability of micro-invasive techniques and pinpoint how the design of the combustion process benefits
from these experimental investigations.
Comparative analysis of two injection systems fueled with biodiesel
Authors: ROSCA Radu , CÂRLESCU Petru , RAKOSI Edward , MANOLACHE Gheorghe
Published: July 2021

The paper presents experimental results concerning the fueling of two injection systems for D.I. Diesel engines with
Biodiesel fuels. The neat Biodiesel (B100) was obtained from waste vegetable oil (collected from a local branch of
McDonald’s), using the base catalyzed method; diesel fuel was also used in order to test the injection equipments and
obtain reference values. The fuel injection pumps used during the tests were RO-PES4A90D410RS2240 (romanian) and a
Bosch type one (PES5MW55/320/RS/120403), with the corresponding high pressure fuel lines and injectors. The injection
equipment was mounted on a MIRKOZ test bed, equipped with pressure transducers, rotation angle transducer and a
BOSCH injection rate meter. The tests were developed at different pump speeds and displacements of the injection pump
control rack. The following injection characteristics were investigated: cyclic fuel delivery, injection duration, pressure
wave propagation time, average injection rate, peak injection pressure. For the both types of injection equipment, cyclic
fuel delivery, injection duration and peak injection pressure increased when biodiesel was used as fuel (compared to
Diesel fuel), while the average injection rate and pressure wave propagation time decreased.
HCCI combustion – a challenge for internal combustion engine
Authors: KOWALEWICZ Andrzej
Published: July 2021

HCCI engine offers a high thermal efficiency combined with low nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions.
However the key problem: controlled autoignition (CAI) on which is focused this paper is still not solved. Attempts to
solve CAI problem as: variable compression ratio (VCR), variable valve train (VVT), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and
application of fuels having different volatility characteristics and sensitivity to autoignition are disused. Also possibility
of fuelling HCCI engine with natural gas (and ignition improver) is presented.
The evaluation of the ecological consequences of the application of bioethanol in municipal public transportation
Authors: CHŁOPEK Zdzisław
Published: July 2021

The paper presents systematized environmental perils resulting from the operation of combustion engines. A serious environmental threat was identified in the sector of public transportation. Hence, pro ecological projects in the public transportation sector have been presented. As a particular ecological solution bioethanol E95 has been presented as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. An analysis of the emissions from city buses has been performed: conventional and hybrid buses, fitted with diesel engines, fuelled with diesel oil and bioethanol E95. It has been observed that the application of bioethanol E95 ready engines leads to much better pro ecological results than the application of hybrid solutions.
Vibroacoustic diagnosis of EGR system
Authors: KAŹMIERCZAK Andrzej , WRÓBEL Radosław
Published: July 2021

The Exhaust Gas Recirculation is a popular system of recirculation of the automotive vehicle emission. The principle of working depends on the forcing in the part of outlet gas to the combustion chamber. The polluted flowing valve of circuit has an influence on stability of engine’s work. The authors presents a new way of diagnosis in automotive vehicle which depend on detection and measure of vibroacustic vibrations that were subjected to digital signal processing. It seems that EGR circuit that does not work properly shouldn’t have an influence on vibrations generated by an engine. However, authors indicate that this statement is wrong.
Simulation and experimental coupled research of rate of heat release in DI diesel engine for various injection strategies
Authors: LEJDA Kazimierz , WOŚ Paweł
Published: July 2021

In the paper the rate of heat release analysis in direct injection diesel engine has been presented and discussed. The research has been carried out for two different injection strategies, i.e. for conventional single-phase injection and for triple-phase injection executed by a Common Rail injection system. The calculation methodology of heat release rate based on indicator diagram has been presented as well.
Computerized diagnostic for the fuel injection control system
Authors: DZIUBIŃSKI Mieczysław , WALUSIAK Stanisław , PIETRZYK Wiktor
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study is to carry out the experimental tests for the propulsion unit of the selected passenger car i.e. Skoda Felicia 1.3 MPI provided with Simos 2P system (manufactured by Siemens). The tests were carried out by means of an appropriate measuring equipment, among others AOC1K oscilloscope (digital recorder integrated with PC by means of RS232 interface) and a personal computer.
The measurements of signals on the contacts of the electronic control device encompass the measuring procedures for individual signals, in accordance with the contact symbols: the camshaft position sensor, the engine speed sensor, the lambda probe, the pressure sensor, the throttle position sensor, the idle speed control actuator, the knock sensor.
In some cases it is impossible to confirm the standard codes by the execution of diagnostic tests of the modern control system of ZI combustion engine, using the Simos 2P system.
Numerical analysis of spark plugs number influence on selected parameters of combustion in piston engine
Authors: KOCISZEWSKI Arkadiusz
Published: July 2021

The results of numerical analysis of combustion in multi-spark plug SI engine are presented in the paper. The outcome of computational analysis of lean mixtures combustion in engine with one and two spark plugs are compared. The output data was presented in graphical form as screenshots (temperature distribution) and as pressure and temperature courses in function of crank angle. 3D numerical modelling of combustion in multi-spark plug engine proved that improvement in lean mixture combustion process can be obtained by increasing the number of active ignition points. As conclusion it can be stated that numerical modelling results confirmed the favourable influence of applying two active spark plugs in lean mixtures combustion.
Carbon dioxide emissions in the aspect of applied engine fuels
Authors: BRZEŻAŃSKI Marek
Published: July 2021

The article addresses some questions concerning the exhaust gas carbon dioxide emissions as a result of applying different kinds of engine fuels. The current exhaust emission regulations are provided in the article together with the new standards that have been proposed. In addition, the paper discusses some present methods applied to decrease carbon dioxide emissions from combustion engines, including the use of new fuels. The following part of the article provides a calculation procedure of carbon dioxide emissions and proposes a new comparative method of evaluating carbon dioxide emissions with respect to different fuels. The criterion for the comparison is the value of energy transfer as an air-fuel mixture to the engine. This coefficient of carbon dioxide emissions allows a comparison between emissions in the case of various fuels with reference to gasoline and to draw some conclusions.
Application areas and development trends of combustion turbo engines
Authors: BALICKI Włodzimierz , KORCZEWSKI Zbigniew , SZCZECIŃSKI Stefan
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the development history of structure, applications and operation methods of turbo engines and
their characteristics enabling the application of such engines to propel air and sea means of transport. It describes the
contemporary structural forms and their impact on the usable characteristics. The authors paid attention to the environmental
requirements that force the replacement of oil-derivative fuels with biofuels.
The effect of injection timing parameters for liquid LPG fuel on selected operating parameters of the internal combustion engine
Authors: LEJDA Kazimierz , JAWORSKI Artur , USTRZYCKI Adam
Published: July 2021

This article presents selected results of scientifi c research concerning the infl uence of the LPG fuel sequential injection
parameters on the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine. Research was performed in the Department
of Vehicles and IC Engines on SI MD-111E engine, which has been adapted to LPG fuel supply in multi-point injection
system to the branches of the inlet manifold. During the research the sequential single and double injection were performed.
The tests results obtained show very signifi cant infl uence of the injection parameters (onset of injection and size of
the dose) on the engine operating parameters such as: engine power, torque end effi ciency.
Using Irox Diesel analyser to estimate cetane number of diesel fuel
Authors: WCISŁO Grzegorz
Published: July 2021

Publication presents the new method of determining the cetane number of fuels used for feeding compression ignition
engines. CN determination is done by spectrum analysis in spectro-photometer and by calculations of mathematical
models. The check tests were carried out on more than ten derv samples. The obtained CN values were compared with
the values of this parameter obtained according to norm PN-EN ISO 5165 in trustworthy laboratories. Subsequently the
conclusions were drawn on the possibilities of applying the analyzer for determination of this parameter
The development circumstances of engine industry in Poland
Authors: MERKISZ Jerzy
Published: July 2021

Due to the investments of foreign companies, Poland became in a short time a big manufacturer of modern combustion engines. The success that was achieved should be maintained, as Poland still remains an attractive place for investments, and especially for the manufacturers from Western Europe who are looking for economies. Poland competes for getting new investments with many other countries. This article is an answer to the question concerning the reasons for such a situation, and it covers possible ways of engine industry development in our country in the aspect of the development of vehicle drives and the competitiveness of Polish scientific and technological potential as compared with other countries.
This article presents the position of Poland as a manufacturer of engines as compared with world trends. The facts that decide about the attractiveness of Poland as a place of engine industry investment location are presented in this article as well as the presence of competitive advantage of other countries in some issues.
Diesel perspective in global market vision
Authors: CIPOLLA Giovanni
Published: July 2021

The article describes some predictions with regard to developing trends of automotive propulsion systems. According to the author’s opinion, Diesel engines will share with the gasoline one the leadership of the market in the short-to-middle timeframe, with shares depending mainly from regional contingencies. In the middle-to-long timeframe, the hybrid powertrain and fuel cells will became a real alternative option to conventional engine. However, Diesel hybrid powertrain could also became a very interesting opportunity, because the Diesel engine features will further improve the fuel consumption and the fun-to-drive features of hybrid systems.
Multiple-benefit technology development for gasoline-diesel-hybrid powertrains
Authors: FRAIDL Günter , HERZOG Peter
Published: July 2021

Modern spark ignition and compression ignition engine solutions have been characterized in the paper The requirements that the modern engines are currently facing are a compromise between the expectations of the clients and the technological capability of obtaining a significant reduction in the fuel consumption and emissions. The solutions applied in the CI and SI engines contribute to the above expectations and constitute a basis for further development i.e. hybrid propulsion combining SI and CI engines with electric machines providing much higher fuel economy and comfort.
Development of outboard boat engines
Authors: CZAJKA Jakub , WISŁOCKI Krzysztof
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the systematics and major engineering characteristics of outboard engines used to power small vessels. It also includes a brief outline history of the structural and design development of Polish outboard engines and their major design features. The development trends and rating of contemporary engines were pointed out.
Influence of the type of fuel on the heat transfer in internal combustion engine
Authors: BOGUSŁAWSKI Leon , RABIEGA Janusz
Published: July 2021

Due to diminishing liquid fuel resources comparing with gaseous fuel as well as difference in their price one can observe a tendency to substitute liquid fuel with gaseous one. The reduction in the emission of toxic ingredients of fumes is also of extreme importance. However, together with the change of the fuel new problems have occurred. One of them is the increase in heat load that shortens the life of an engine. Therefore, studies on the chosen type of an engine were carried out. A heat flux in representative points of the engine’s head was measured. The engine was firstly fed with petrol, later with LPG. For both types of fuel the obtained power was similar. Studies showed a significant growth in heat load on the surface of the engine’s head after changing the fuel from petrol to LPG.
Optimization index of combustion engines used in agriculture
Authors: KONIUSZY Adam
Published: July 2021

A new method of agricultural tractor engine work evaluation in the scope of maximum use of power supply was presented in the article. On the basis of the optimization index that was created, two diagrams of tractor engine work Z 8401.12 were compared in different agricultural conditions. It was stated that the engine optimum working index may be a comparable measurement of engines with different powers and load ranges.
Cylinder liner lubrication in MAN Diesel marine two-stroke diesel engines
Authors: SIDOROWICZ Piotr
Published: July 2021

The article describes the kinds of lubricators used for lubricating the cylinder liner-piston unit in the MAN Diesel slow-speed diesel engines. It presents the design of the HJ-type mechanical lubricators and the ALPHA lubrication system with the electronic control.
Turbocharger noises in high speed diesel engines
Authors: OPALIŃSKI Arkadiusz , WILLMANN Michael , MASS Ulrich
Published: July 2021

The continuously increasing performance data of the modern diesel engines as well as the fulfillment of the very restricted emission standards cannot be realized without the aid of the turbocharger. Due to the prevalence of the turbo charged engines the customer’s attitude to the emitted noises has been changed. The customer wishes a high power output, but no longer wants to hear it. Thus the consideration of the noise characteristics during the development work is recently as important as the thermodynamic or durability issues. This paper deals with different turbocharger noises, describes its sources, transmission routes and possibilities of noise reduction.
Engine manufacturing industry in Poland
Authors: MERKISZ Jerzy
Published: July 2021

Poland, with its continuously growing engine production – currently exceeding 2 mn units per annum – is becoming a distinguishing engine manufacturer on a world scale. The article, along with a short historical note, characterizes the engine manufacturing industry in Poland. The production profiles have been presented of both, international concerns with their mass production and more specialized Polish plants. The analysis of engine production unveiled the fact that sizeable investment projects have been realized recently in the territory of Poland by several leading engine manufacturers. Such a fact directly influences the growth and improvement of the Polish engine manufacturing industry, not to mention the increase in Poland’s export. Owing to the said changes, combustion engines are on top of the list of Polish export sales. The here presented characteristics of Polish engine production also includes short descriptions of Polish university centers and R&D centers focused on didactics and scientific research in the field. At the end of the paper the author sheds some light on the mission of Polish Scientific Society of Combustions Engines (PTNSS) in the dynamically developing engine manufacturing industry in Poland.
Trends in Gasoline Engines Technology
Authors: FRIEDL Hubert , KAPUS Paul
Published: July 2021

The development of vehicle powertrains is increasingly challenged by emission legislation and by the end-users’ fueleconomy demands. In order to meet these requirements it is necessary to continuously improve existing powertrains and to develop totally new generations of engines. For Gasoline engines in passenger cars the most important task is to improve fuel efficiency. Therefore, a big variety of different technologies potentially can be applied. The system range from simple variable charge motion and low cost variable valve timing devices up to highly sophisticated systems like fully variable valve actuation systems and also combustion with auto ignition (HCCI). Direct Gasoline Injection systems of Generation 1 (wall guided systems) and even more the systems of Generation 2 (spray guided systems) improve fuel efficiency, but the significant oncosts for NOx exhaust aftertreatment have to be taken into consideration. Due to its full load benefits homogeneous DGI is a preferred solution for high performance engines as well as in combination with turbocharging for downsizing/downrating concepts. The combination of turbocharging, direct injection and cam phase shifter has proven to be a highly attractive package combining good fuel economy with fun to drive. The different gasoline engines technologies will have to be applied according to the specific needs of their application and brand specific requirements. Even keeping high performance characteristics, fuel consumption will be reduced continuously and future legislative limits can be met. However, system complexity and cost will increase.
Particle emissions of a TDI-engine with different lubrication oils
Authors: CZERWINSKI J. , PÉTERMANN J.-L. , ULRICH A. , MUELLER G. , WICHSER A.
Published: July 2021

Due to increasing concern about health effects of fine and ultra-fine particles (nanoparticles) from combustion engines, the diesel particle filter technology (DPF) was extensively introduced to heavy duty and passenger cars in the last years. In this respect, a very important parameter is the irreversible plugging of the DPF with non-combustible ashes. The quality of lubrication oil, especially the ash content has a certain influence on regeneration intervals of diesel particle filters. In the present study, the effects of different lubrication oils on particle mass and nano-particle size distribution were
investigated. The test engine was a modern diesel engine without particle filter system. A main goal was to find out, how different lubrication oils influence the particulate emissions and the contribution of oil
to total particle emissions. Moreover, first results of a tracing study will be discussed. The comparison of a non-doped lubrication oil with a doped oil should enlighten the contribution of the oil to the particle formation. It has been shown that beside sulphur content the particle emission is also effected by the composition (e.g. additive packages) of the oils.
The application of gas dissolved in fuel with a view to improve the mechanism of spraying
Authors: KOZAK Władysław , BAJERLEIN Maciej , MARKOWSKI Jarosław
Published: July 2021

In the non-equilibrium states of a solution, formed as a result of dissolving gas in a liquid, the gaseous phase is spontaneously released from the solution. This process has a volumetric character and at the appropriate kinetics it is strong enough to be accompanied by the effervescence (bubbling) of the liquid. The authors have undertaken an attempt to evaluate the possibility of applying this process for improving the fuel spraying mechanism in the diesel engines. This paper presents the first part of their work. In this paper presents a concept of the improvement of spraying by adding gas to fuel oil, its dissolving at a high pressure and the use of the effect which accompanies its release during the injection of fuel, for improving the spraying mechanism accompanying its release during the injection of fuel??. The mechanism of spraying improvement has been explained and the general requirements listed, which have to be fulfilled by a fuel injection system design to make the use of gas possible. An evaluation of energetic changes of the fuel stream caused by the presence of gas has been made and the potential possibilities of the extension of the combustion process control, mentioned in the conclusions
The assessment of valve clearance in internal combustion engines based on parameters of vibration – methodological assumption
Authors: CZECHYRA Bartosz , SZYMAŃSKI Grzegorz M. , TOMASZEWSKI Franciszek
Published: July 2021

In this article authors show the possibillities of using the parameters of vibration signals to estimate valve clearance in internal combustion engines. The main methodological assumptions of signal analysis and their results have been presented herein. The concept of research so as to solve the valve clearance diagnostic problem, based on the vibration signal, has been shown as well.
Panel Data Analysis to Identify the Factors Affecting Capital Adequacy Ratio of Deposit Banks
Authors: Özgür Ersan
Published: July 2021

Capital adequacy ratio serves as a basic indicator linking current equities of banks to the amount of risk that they can undertake. Therefore, it is taken into consideration while evaluating banks and expected to be at a normal level. According to the Basel I criteria published by the Basel Committee in 1988 for the international banking sector, capital adequacy ratio as “Total Capital / Credit Risk” should be at least 8%. Basel I Criteria began to be implemented in Turkey in 1992. In this process, it was decided that capital adequacy ratio would be implemented as 8% starting from 1998 in Turkey. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the capital adequacy of state-owned, private and foreign deposit banks operating in Turkey between 2009-2019. The result obtained from the analysis has revealed that the established model is significant. The ratio of independent variables for explaining the dependent variable is 36%. The independent variable OME has a statistically significant and positive effect on the dependent variable at 1% significance level.
Antibiofilm Activity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Flavonoids against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria
Authors: Kunarti Sri , Ramadhani Aulia , Setyowati Laskmiari
Published: July 2021

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases and often occurs in the community caused by bacteria. Attached bacteria in the tooth surface for a long time will form a biofilm and will lead to demineralization characterized by damage in the structure of the tooth enamel. The bacteria that cause dental caries and can form biofilms is Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria inside biofilms are more resistant to antibacterial agents. Flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract can be a cleaner alternative for the anti-biofilm cavity that has properties against Streptococcus mutans. Purpose: To determine the activity of flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract at a certain concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Streptococcus mutans were diluted according to the Mc Farland dilution standard 106 in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium and put in a flexible U-bottom microtiter plate. Then it was incubated for 5x24 hours and checked using crystal violet simple staining to see the formation of biofilms. Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp performed serial dilution in a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78% was added, and the incubation process were conducted for 1x24 hours. OD (Optical Density) readings were done with a wavelength of 595 nm. Results: There was a significant difference between the test groups and the positive control group. The concentration of 100% had the anti-biofilm activity and showed the value of the highest percentage of inhibition, whilst the concentration of 0.78% showed a minimum biofilm inhibition concentration. The results were demonstrated by a statistical analysis test. Conclusion: Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp at a certain concentration has anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilm.
The Antibacterial Potential of Tannin from Mangosteen pericarp Extract against Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Rahmatari Bandaru , Subiwahjudi Agus , Lunardhi Cecilia G.J.
Published: July 2021

Background: Deep dentinal caries cannot defect the vitality of dental pulp. The microbial populations involved in dental caries are known to be highly complex and variable. Lactobacillus casei is one of the most common carious dentine bacteria. Tannin contained in mangosteen pericarp extract is known to have an antibacterial potency. Purpose. This study aims to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of tannin from mangosteen pericarp extract against Lactobacillus casei. Method. This study is an experimental laboratory with a post-test only control group design. Tannin from mangosteen was extracted by 96% ethanol. Lactobacillus casei was diluted into several concentrations using the serial dilution method in the Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) medium and inserted in several reaction tubes. Every reaction tube was incubated for 24 hours. After being incubated, each concentration was taken and swabbed into Mueller Hinton in the petri dish. Then, every petri dish was incubated for 24 hours and colonies' growth was counted manually in the Colony Forming Unit (CFU). Result. Bacterial colonies' growth at a concentration of 1.56% was 90% less than the positive control group and there was no bacterial colonies growth at the concentration of 3.12%. Conclusion. Tanin from mangosteen pericarp extract has an antibacterial effect against Lactobacillus casei. The MIC of tannin from mangosteen pericarp extract against Lactobacillus casei was at 1.56% and MBC was at 3.12%.
The Difference of Irrigant Solution between Red Pine Extract (Pinus densiflora) and Green Pine Extract (Pinus merkusii) Against Cleanliness of Root Canal Walls
Authors: Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin , Setyabudi Setyabudi , Sukaton Sukaton , Krishartini Yuline
Published: July 2021

Background: Smear layer is an accumulation of organic material, debris, and inorganic material in root canal wall. Irrigant solution must be able to eliminate organic and inorganic materials. Herbal extract such as pine contain saponins that can dissolve organic and inorganic materials. Korea is a country that has used pine in this case red pine as an antibacterial medicament. In Indonesia, there are also green pine species. Purpose: To explain the differences in cleanliness of the root canals after irrigation using extracts of red pine (Pinus densiflora) and green pine (Pinus merkusii). Methods: This study used twenty-seven mandibular premolar teeth which were divided into 3 groups each group consisted of 9 premolar teeth. All samples were prepared using ProTaper for Hand Use and irrigated. Group I was irrigated using 2.5% NaOCl, group II was irrigated with red pine extract, and group III was irrigated using green pine extract. Tooth that has been prepared, were cut vertically into 2 and cut horizontally in 1/3 apical section. The root canal surface was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Photomicrograph was observed by three observers using a score and performed an analysis test. Results: There were no difference between red pine (Pinus densiflora) and green pine (Pinus merkusii) in root canal cleanliness with a significance value of 0.169 (p> 0.05) Conclusion: Red pine extract had the same smear layer cleaning power as green pine extract.
Kepraktisan dan Keefektifan Handout Populasi Tumbuhan Hutan Pantai Tabanio Sebagai Materi Pengayaan Mata Kuliah Ekologi Tumbuhan
Authors: Dharmono Dharmono , Riefani Maulana Khalid
Published: July 2021

One of the causes of learning difficulties in the population concept is that there are not many locally-based materials. The purpose of this study was to obtain a Handout of Plant Populations of the Tabanio Coastal Forest as a practical and effective Plant Ecology Enrichment Course. This research is a development research using Education Design Research (EDR) design through formative evaluation of the Tessmer model at the small group test stage to determine the practicality of expectations and the effectiveness of expectations from the developed Handout. The subjects of this study were 10 students of the Biology Education Study Program, FKIP University of Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin with the object of research being plant population structures found in the coastal forest of Tabanio, Tanah Laut Regency. The results of the research show that the teaching materials in the form of handouts developed are very practical and very effective to be used as material for enriching the population concept in improving learning outcomes for the Plant Ecology course.
Implementasi Pendekatan Saintifik Pada Lingkungan Sekitar Dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Martapura Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Rusdiyana Rusdiyana
Published: July 2021

This study aims to identify the implementation of a scientific approach in the surrounding environment to build the students character of elementary school in Martapura, South Kalimantan. This type of research is quantitative research with survey method. The research population is all elementary school teachers in Martapura city. The research sample from 24 public teachers in 4 elementary schools who had implemented the 2013 curriculum. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and observations. The questionnaire was used to measure the results of the implementation of the scientific approach in shaping the character of elementary school students. Observations by means of visiting class sampling were carried out on 4 elementary school teachers. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The results of research on the implementation of a scientific approach to the surrounding environment in shaping the character of elementary school students averaged 82.53 with a good category. The results of observations on 4 teachers obtained an average score of 87.50 with a good category and the results of observations in 4 classes obtained an average score of student characters of 82.64 with a good category.
Supply Chain Strategies in Virtually Distributed Supply Chain Project Teams During and Post-COVID-19
Authors: Jones Erick , J.L Goldston
Published: July 2021

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of employees transitioned into virtually distributed supply chain project team environments for the first time in their careers due to shelter-in-place and social distancing mandates that impacted industries around the world. With project managers implementing processes and procedures remotely to employees fielding calls from home while caring for children, the world entered into an unprecedented time and an unknown unknown. As the pandemic required organizations to implement agile practices, project managers within various industries had to adjust operational processes, while at the same time had to ensure project team needs were addressed. In an effort to mitigate the risk of transitioning back to conventional management approaches, a qualitative survey method was performed in this study to understand supply chain project team member experiences during this transition period. The results of the survey uncovered that the creation of a supply chain uncertainty management plan, demonstrating the benefits of virtual supply chain project teams, and the continuous integration of collaborative technology tools may contribute positive outcomes from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Demographic transformation and the influence of eleven selected socio-demographic variables on the face validity of an engineering English for specific purposes approach at a South African university
Authors: Moyo J. , Mann C. C.
Published: July 2021

In English for Specific Purposes (ESP), as accountable education, face validity, which could be an undesirable “negative” or a desirable “positive”, is one of the ways in which we determine the learners’ attitudes toward, and probable consequent motivation for, ESP learning programmes. In this study, we sought to explain the reactions of the 226 first year Engineering student respondents to Likert items by their sociodemographic characteristics. We measured and classified as an undesirable “negative” (if the mean was < 3.50), or a desirable “positive” (if the mean was ≥ 3.50), the face validity generated by eleven sociodemographic characteristics for an ESP approach employed in the design and delivery of a compulsory ESP module (Engineering Communication) at a university in South Africa’s Gauteng Province. We subjected the data to statistical significance testing with the ANOVA suite of inferential statistics to identify statistically significant relationships between the sociodemographic variables and the face validity variables, of which 20 were confirmed, and then measured the variance (influence) in the latter that could be associated with the former. The aggregate influence explainable by the sociodemographic variables was an eta2 of .908 (90.8%), of which High School Type (19.8%) recorded the most, and Engineering Work Experience (1,7%), the least. Whereas, Race was associated with the most “negative” influence, the Black1 and White groups were practically indistinguishable in attaining unequal, but “negative”, scores. When we compared the sample demographic statistics to available institutional and national statistics to check for demographic transformation, the statistics suggested that the research university was transforming demographically at a fast pace, given its history.
KOMPETENSI PERANGKAT DESA DALAM TATA KELOLA PEMERINTAHAN DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Indranika Devit Bagus , Puspita Dyah Retna , Faozanudin Muslih
Published: July 2021

Ditetapkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa menjadi dasar otonomi desa. Otonomi desa dapat menjadi sebuah harapan baru sekaligus tantangan bagi pemerintah desa terutama di Kabupaten Banyumas dalam tata kelola pemerintahannya. Pada kenyataannya semakin kompleksnya kewenangan dan urusan yang harus dikelola desa tidak diimbangi kompetensi aparatur pemerintah desa Kabupaten Banyumas terutama kompetensi para perangkat desa yang ada. Kompetensi Perangkat Desa dalam tata kelola pemerintahan di Kabupaten Banyumas diukur dari tiga dimensi diantaranya adalah kompetensi manajerial, kompetensi sosio kultural dan kompetensi teknis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dan menganalisis kompetensi Perangkat Desa dalam tata kelola pemerintahan di Kabupaten Banyumas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan pengumpulan data kuisioner, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi Perangkat Desa dalam tata kelola pemerintahan di Kabupaten Banyumas dapat dikatakan baik dengan indeks 82,9.
Efektifitas Laboratorium Virtual Dalam Pembelajaran Praktikum Analisis Farmasi Pada Mahasiswa Farmasi Saat Pandemic Covid-19
Authors:   Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Nugroho Ardi
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan laboratorium virtual sebagai media pembelajaran praktikum analisis farmasi di Universitas Islam Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuesioner. Laboratorium Virtual membantu mahasiswa memahami proses praktikum. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan peningkatan rata-rata nilai akhir dan respon kinerja dosen. Hasil belum bisa dibandingkan karena perbedaan kondisi dan metode penilaian dengan praktikum luring.
Pengembangan Pembelajaran Ilmu Falak Daring Melalui Website
Authors:   Fakultas Ilmu Agama Islam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Budiwati Anisah
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk pengembangan pembelajaran website untuk memenuhi CPMK (Capaian Matakuliah) Ilmu Falak sebagai matakuliah praktik yang dilaksanakan secara daring dan mengidentifikasi kesulitan, kelebihan, dan kekurangan dari bentuk pengembangan tersebut. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif untuk melihat bentuk pengembangan pembelajaran ilmu falak menggunakan website. Temuan dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa pembelajaran matakuliah ilmu falak yang merupakan matakuliah praktik terbantu dengan adanya website untuk mengkurasi banyak aplikasi yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa dalam keperluannya memenuhi CPMK Ilmu Falak. Kesulitan dari pembelajaran matakuliah praktik secara daring adalah membangun motivasi mahasiswa untuk dapat melakukan dan mempraktikan matakuliah secara menyeluruh. Kelebihan dari pembelajaran praktik secara daring melalui website adalah bahan kajian dapat terintegrasi dalam satu website sedangkan kekurangannya Dosen harus tetap mempertahankan penjelasan terutama dalam interaksi secara tatap maya. Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini hanya fokus pada bentuk pengembangan website aplikasi ilmu falak dengan pemanfaatan software-software ilmu falak. Saran pengembangan dari penelitian ini adalah perlu diterapkan model pembelajaran website dalam matakuliah praktik daring dengan menambah e-reference dalam fitur website untuk kasus-kasus yang tidak dapat dibahas secara langsung secara daring. Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini adalah terbentuknya desain model pembelajaran matakuliah praktik ilmu falak di masa pandemi Covid-19 yang akan menjadi contoh untuk pembelajaran matakuliah praktik lainnya secara daring.
Meningkatkan Partisipasi Peserta Didik Melalui Flipped dan Blended Learning Sebagai Upaya Optimalisasi Capaian Pembelajaran pada Mata Kuliah Wajib Universitas
Authors:   Fakultas Ilmu Agama Islam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Kusuma Sofwan Hadi , Kholis Nur ,   Fakultas Ilmu Agama Islam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Syibly M Roem ,   Fakultas Ilmu Agama Islam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Safitri Junaidi ,   Fakultas Ilmu Agama Islam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Krismono Krismono ,   Fakultas Ilmu Agama Islam, Universitas Islam Indonesia
Published: July 2021

Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini telah menggeser efektivitas model pembelajaran konvensional menuju model pembelajaran baru berdasarkan penggunaan media teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat partisipasi mahasiswa pada perkuliahan MKWU Islam Ulil Albab di Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas selama pandemi Covid-19 melalui model pembelajaran campuran berbasis flipped dan blended learning. Penelitian ini menggunakan Classroom Action Research (CAR), dengan subyek 82 mahasiswa yang sekaligus mengikuti program studi mandiri, mahasiswa dari program studi. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama kurang lebih empat bulan dalam perkuliahan aktif pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2020-2021, dengan total 14 pertemuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran campuran berdasarkan flipped dan blended learning memiliki peningkatan partisipasi siswa dalam setiap pertemuan dan hasil CPMK tercapai dengan baik.
Discharge Plan to Promote Patient Safety and Shared Decision by a Multidisciplinary Team of Healthcare Professionals in a Respiratory Unit
Authors: Nnate Daniel A. , Barber David , Abaraogu Ukachukwu O.
Published: July 2021

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often require frequent hospitalization due to worsening symptoms. Preventing prolonged hospital stay and readmission becomes a challenge for healthcare professionals treating patients with COPD. Although the integration of health and social care supports greater collaboration and enhanced patient care, organizational structure and poor leadership may hinder the implementation of patient-oriented goals. This paper presents a case of a 64-year-old chronic smoker with severe COPD who was to be discharged on long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). It further highlights the healthcare decisions made to ensure the patient’s safety at home and further provides a long-lasting solution to the existing medical and social needs. The goal was accomplished through a discharge plan that reflects multidisciplinary working, efficient leadership, and change management using Havelock’s theory. While COPD is characterized by frequent exacerbation and hospital readmission, it was emphasized that most failed discharges could be attributed to bureaucratic organizational workflow which might not be in the patient’s best interest. It was further demonstrated that healthcare professionals are likely to miss the window of opportunity to apply innovative and long-lasting solutions to the patient’s health condition in an attempt to remedy the immediate symptoms of COPD
Precisely Equal Group Size and Allocation Bias in Nursing Randomized Controlled Trials: A Scientiometric Study
Authors: Gray Richard , Bressington Daniel , Jones Martin , Thompson David R.
Published: July 2021

The manipulation of participant allocation in randomized controlled trials to achieve equal groups sizes may introduce allocation bias potentially leading to larger treatment effect estimates. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of nursing trials that have precisely equal group sizes and examine if there was an association with trial outcome. Data were extracted from a sample of 148 randomized controlled trials published in nursing science journals in 2017. One hundred trials (68%) had precisely equal group sizes. Respectively, a positive outcome was reported in 70% and 58% of trials with equal/unequal groups. Trials from Asia were more likely to have equal group sizes than those from the rest of the world. Most trials reported a sample size calculation (n=105, 71%). In a third of trials (n=36, 34%), the number of participants recruited precisely matched the requirement of the sample size calculation; this was significantly more common in studies with equal group sizes. The high number of nursing trials with equal groups may suggest nurses con-ducting clinical trials are manipulating participant allocation to ensure equal group size increasing the risk of bias.
Drivers and Distribution of Henipavirus-Induced Syncytia: What Do We Know?
Authors: Gamble Amandine , Yeo Yao Yu , Butler Aubrey , Tang Hubert , Snedden Celine , Mason Christian , Buchholz David , Binghman John , Aguilar Hector , Lloyd-Smith James
Published: July 2021

Syncytium formation, i.e., cell-cell fusion resulting in the formation of multinucleated cells, is a hallmark of infection by paramyxoviruses and other important viruses. This natural mechanism has historically been a diagnostic marker for paramyxovirus infection in vivo and is now widely studied for virus-induced membrane fusion in vitro. However, the role of syncytium formation in within-host dissemination and pathogenicity of viruses remains poorly understood. The diversity of henipaviruses and their wide host range and tissue tropism make them particularly appropriate models to characterize the drivers of syncytium formation and its implications for virus fitness and pathogenicity. Based on the henipavirus literature, we summarized current knowledge on the mechanisms driving syncytium formation, mostly acquired from in vitro studies, and on the in vivo distribution of syncytia. While these data suggest that syncytium formation widely occurs across henipaviruses, hosts and tissues, we identified important data gaps that undermined our understanding of the role of syncytium formation in virus pathogenesis. Based on these observations, we propose solutions of varying complexity to fill these data gaps, from better practices in data archiving and publication for in vivo studies, to experimental approaches in vitro.
An Updated Review Of the Invasive Aedes Albopictus in the Americas; The Minimum Infection Rate Suggests That Is More Efficient in the Vertical Than Horizontal Transmission of Arboviruses
Authors: Garcia-Rejon Julian E. , Navarro Juan-Carlos , Cigarroa-Toledo Nohemi , Baak-Baak Carlos M.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the work was to update the distribution range of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse in the Americas, review the blood feeding patterns and compare the minimum infection rate (MIR) between studies of vertical and horizontal transmission of arboviruses. The current distribution of Ae. albopictus encompasses 21 countries in the Americas. In eleven published papers on the blood feeding pattern of Ae. albopictus, DNA from 16 species of mammals and five species of avian species was found. The most common host is humans, and dogs. We found 24 published papers on the identification of arboviruses in wild populations of Ae. albopictus with the potential to infect humans and animals. Eight arboviruses have been isolated in different studies carried out in Brazil, USA, Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica. Fifty-eight percent (14/24) of the publications reported vertical transmission of arbovirus. Positive pools were higher in vertical (8.45%) compared to horizontal transmission (0.97%). This was supported by the MIR, which was 3 times greater in vertical (MIR=3.21) than horizontal transmission (MIR= 1.08). In conclusion, Ae. albopictus is an invasive mosquito with wide phenotypic plasticity to adapt to broad and new areas, high vectorial competence to transmit several arboviruses mainly by transovarial transmission, it can participate in the endemic transmission, and serve as a bridge vector for emerging arboviruses between sylvan, rural, and urban areas.
Noninvasive Optical Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow and EEG Spectral Responses after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Poon Chien-Sing , Rinehart Benjamin , Langri Dharminder S. , Rambo Timothy M. , Miller Aaron J. , Foreman Brandon , Sunar Ulas
Published: July 2021

Survivors of severe brain injury may require care in a neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU), where the brain is vulnerable to secondary brain injury. Thus, there is a need for noninvasive, bedside, continuous cerebral blood flow monitoring approaches in the neuro-ICU. Our goal is to address this need through combined measurements of EEG and functional optical spectroscopy (EEG-Optical) instrumentation and analysis to provide a complementary fusion of data about brain activity and function. The present case demonstrates in a patient with traumatic brain injury, noninvasive cerebral blood flow transients can be recorded that correlate with gold-standard invasive measurements and with the frequency content changes in the EEG data during clinical care.
Afirmação e tensões da área do ensino de História: a Revista História Hoje no período de 2013-2015
Authors: Silva Wesley Garcia Ribeiro
Published: July 2021

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