bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart Grid Support the Development of Intelligent Energy Public Service Platform
Authors: Feng Qing Dong
Published: October 2013

This paper presents the smart grid technical framework to support public service platform of smart energy, by means of the establishment of public service platform for communication and information services multi-network fusion, supporting smart residential construction by smart grid, to achieve coordinated and complementary among end-user.
Stress Monitoring Research in Dancing Condition of Transmission Tower Based on FBG Sensors
Authors: Ma Dong Fang , Cai Hong Sheng , Zhang Liu Bin
Published: October 2013

The stress distribution on transmission tower was found out by finite element analysis. Combined with analysis results, FBG(Fiber grating) strain sensors were fixed on upper part of tower, cross-arm of tower and body of tower, to monitor the stress of tower in dancing condition. FBG sensor measuring results and finite element analysis results are consistent, and the error is less than 10%.Research indicates that the 24th point is the maximum point of stress at the wind speed of 20m, and the maximum value is beyond yield stress. So the part of tower needs to be reinforced to avoid danger occurring.
Research on Functional Testing of Substation Equipment On-Line Monitoring System
Authors: Di Jian , Li Shuo , Wang De Wen
Published: October 2013

The functional testing is necessary based on the analysis the shortage of substation equipment on-line monitoring system, such as the problems about difficult interoperability and data sharing in case of the various communication protocols. The substations function is described in detail before introduce the functional testing. In this paper, the system functional testing was given under two kinds of environment. One is the testing platform is used to debugging instrument, another is used to the device for signal-input source and analysis. Finally, a method for substation equipment functional testing of IEC 61850-based system is presented which will contribute to the effectiveness and equivalences of the testing.
Research and Design on Power Distribution Terminal and Back-up Power Applicable to Extremely Cold Area
Authors: Zhang Xi Lin , Xia Yan Dong
Published: October 2013

Equipments for distribution automation terminal and the corresponding back-up power that can be cold started directly without heating equipments in natural environment at -40°C are developed to suit the extremely cold weather in Northeast China. The ultimate goal is to realize normal operation at a temperature ranging from -50°C to +70°C.
Coherency Identification in Large-Scale Power System Using Measured Data
Authors: Li Xiao Dong , Zhang Ji Nan , Li Peng , Jia Hong Jie , Jiang Tao
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a new method to identify coherent generator groups in power system based on projection pursuit. Projection pursuit algorithm is introduced to model wide-area measured time series and analyses high-dimensional data in low-dimensional subspace. It could seek and extract key projection vectors reflecting generator coherent features and identify the coherency of generators according to projection directions of generators. The presented technique could realize real-time identification of coherent generators, in which grouping is based on measured data avoiding the impact of model parameters. It proves that the composition of principal components has corresponding relationship with system oscillation mode. Finally, China Southern Power Grid is used as testing system to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
An Interface Model for Accurate TSP-EMTP Hybrid Simulation of Power Systems
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Fang Da Zhong , Li Wei , Zhao Li Gang
Published: October 2013

An interface model used in hybrid simulation of power system of transient stability program (TSP) and electro-magnetic transient program (EMTP) is proposed. In the hybrid simulation, the EMTP subsystem is modeled by time-variant real and reactive powers for the TSP simulation of the AC subsystem, and an active frequency depended three-phase Norton multi-port equivalent circuit model is used to represent TSP subsystem for the EMTP subsystem simulation. The interface model makes the hybrid simulation results more precise than those produced by traditional hybrid simulation method. Case studies on a modified IEEE 9-Bus and 3-generator and the 4-generator and 2-area AC/DC test systems demonstrate that the model can effectively improve the accuracy of system TSP-EMTP hybrid simulation both for symmetrical and unsymmetrical contingencies.
Analysis of Planning & Implementation Evaluation in Preventive Resettlement
Authors: Hu Zi Jiang , Shi Guo Qing
Published: October 2013

Preventive resettlement of populations located in high-risk areas is a corrective measure in which all or part of a community is relocated because of the high risk of disaster. Such a measure should be seen as a last resort, when it is impossible to mitigate risk factors associated, for example, with landslides, the likelihood of volcanic eruptions, or severe flooding that cannot be controlled. It constitutes aprogressive-corrective measure in which action is taken to address not only exposure to existing risk but also the factors underlying vulnerability. Multilevel multinomial qualitative indicators are involved in evaluation of the planning and implementation of preventive resettlement. In order to enhance the scientific level of planning and implementation, it forms the evaluation index system. AHP approach will be used to determine the index weight. Using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, combined with the TG reservoir resettlement planning and implementation of disaster prevention program, are optimization analysis on obstacle planning scheme and implementation of preventive resettlement.
Fuzzy Optimal Power Flow with Multi-Objective Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm in Power System
Authors: He Xuan Hu , Wang Wei , Wang Ying Nan , Kong Jun , Geng Jing , Fan Sheng Bin
Published: October 2013

According to the problem of optimal power flow (OPF), the optimization objectives including minimization of total fuel cost for generating units, minimization of emission for atmospheric pollutants, minimization of active power losses and minimization of voltages deviations are established. The paper uses fuzzy membership functions instead of multi-objective functions to form fuzzy optimal power flow in the optimal power flow calculation process. The novel artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is proposed to solve OPF problem with multi-objective. The proposed approach is applied to the OPF problem on IEEE30 test systems. And the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Role of the Offline/Online Data Mapping Table Based on Online Operation Data of Large-Scale Power System
Authors: Ren Guo Wei , Ren Rui , An Ning
Published: October 2013

An important part of the Xinyang power grid voltage stability online intelligent warning system was to research into the current system of EMS real-time power grid operation parameters and power networks offline data splicing integration, forming a set of online PSASP (Power System Analysis Software Package) trend data, implementing preventive voltage stability calculation. By splicing model of Xinyang grid online data integration and practice, summed up the grid online data splicing method and the model, this article mainly introduced the offline and online data mapping change reason, function is established. It had been verified by actual data achieved by the method can significantly improve the accuracy of the data. It was a kind of practical data online and offline networks data integration method.
The Probabilistic Reliability Assessment of Distribution Network Containing Distributed Generation
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Hong , Zhou Li Mei
Published: October 2013

The access of distributed renewable energy enhances the uncertainty of the distribution network reliability, whereas the distribution network reliability evaluation using existing methods cannot fully reflect the stochastic volatility of islanding power supply and loads. For this reason the approach of active distribution network probabilistic reliability evaluation based on point estimation method was proposed. In the framework of Monte Carlo simulation, the islanding random variable was sampled and processed firstly; then the islanding probabilistic reliability was assessed with a nonlinear transformation method of independent random variables based on point estimate method; finally, system probabilistic reliability indexes can be obtained from the probabilistic superimposing of the results of repeating simulated failures. The simulation on the transformed multi-branch feeder model of the IEEE RBTS Bus6 verifies the validity and accuracy of this assessment approach.
Preventive Resettlement of Migrants Inspiration Mechanism in Three Gorges Barrier Region
Authors: Hu Zi Jiang
Published: October 2013

This paper will employ the push-pull theory and Todaro Model of migrants to analyze push force, pull force and resistance and make a multi-dimensional analysis of the relationship of migrants and disaster reconstruction from the perspective of people-land, people-economic, people-social relation. On basis of this, this paper will investigate the gap between the basic appeal from immigrant people in Three Gorges Reservoir Region due to geological disaster and policy supply as well as build a scientific incentive mechanism (interest inspiration, policy guarantee, desire inspiration of livelihood) for population transfer. The practice indicates that establishment of the mechanism provides an important guarantee for smooth implementation of the immigrant project in Three Gorges Reservoir Region and raises Three Gorges people willingness to immigration.
Calculation of Probabilistic Available Transfer Capability in Wind Power Integrated System
Authors: Li Guo Qing , Zhang Fang Jing , Chen Hou He
Published: October 2013

As the number of wind generation facilities in the power system is fast increasing, the research on available transfer capability (ATC) calculation with wind farms has great significance to system operation. With consideration of the uncertainty of the wind powers output, this paper proposes a probability computing method to study the ATC in wind power integrated system. This computing method of ATC is evaluated on non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation, and the ATC of every system state in random sampling is calculated by interior point method. The result shows that the model and algorithm is correct and effective.
The Influence of Measured Trajectory Based Model Parameters Correcting on Simulation Precision of Power System Dynamic Frequency
Authors: Mu Gang , Li Ming , An Jun , Xu Xing Wei , Shao Shuai
Published: October 2013

Although numerical simulation is an important method of researching dynamic frequency process, obvious deviations have been found between numerical simulation and the measured trajectory in many accidents. And the existing simulation model and parameters cannot describe the actual dynamic process of frequency accurately. Research was carried out on the influence of four parameters to the dynamic frequency process, which based on the WSCC system. The four parameters include the inertia constant of generator, generator frequency coefficient, dead band and turbine intermediate superheating coefficient. Northeast China power grid and measured data are used to verify the above research conclusion. Checking the dynamic frequency process simulation model and parameters can improve the accuracy of dynamic frequency process simulation on the base of the measured trajectory and the physical characteristics of the parameters. It can also give efficient foundation for the setting work of UFLS, overcoming the previous conservative operation mode and so on.
Parallel Processing Unified Power Quality Conditioner Control Based on State Variable Feedback
Authors: Hou Yong , Cui Shang Wen , You Guo Dong , Duan Ying Hong
Published: October 2013

A new kind of parallel processing unified power quality conditioner with only one inverter is introduced. The system PI control method has a problem that the DC transient component of supply current does decay because of the linking inductance between power supply and load. A system control method based on state variable feedback is proposed, which indirectly controls the load voltage by controlling the supply current. The proposed control strategy is verified by simulation using Matlab.
Implementation of Seamless Switching of Micro-Grid Operation Mode Based on Multi-Agent System
Authors: Liu Zhi Wen , Xia Wen Bo
Published: October 2013

Switching control of micro-grid operation modes belongs to short time scale control level, this paper proposes three-tier structure of micro-grid energy management system suitable for switching control of micro-grid operation modes on the basis of the analysis of micro-grid operation mode switching requirements for the control system, and builds micro-grid central control system based on multi-agent technology aiming at the coordinated control of micro-grid operation mode switching, which will effectively enhance the implementation effect of switching control strategy, and play important role in achieving the seamless switching control of micro-grid operation modes.
Research on New Type of Voltage and Reactive Power Unified Regulator
Authors: Ma Ming , Sheng Xiao Guang , Xu Bai Yu , Wei Tong Zhen , Huo Qun Hai
Published: October 2013

In rural region, the electrical load increases rapidly as the living standards there improve steadily. Due to reasons such as large radius of power supply and high electrical loss during power transmission, however, the terminal voltage turns more and more unsteady, which affects customer satisfaction greatly. Compared to changing the architecture of the current power supply network, applying the voltage and reactive power unified regulators costs less time and money and it can timely relieve pressure in providing steady power supply in rural region and increase customer satisfaction. In this paper, several technical indicators of the voltage and reactive power unified regulator were estimated firstly. Secondly, a new topology was proposed to suit need of rural distribution network and an analysis was made to the detailed topological structures this regulator and its operation control strategy. Finally, a simulation model was built up to test the working accuracy of the regulator. The simulation results verify the accuracy and feasibility of this new unified regulator.
Determining Harmonic Contributions Based on Reweighted Complex Least Squares Method
Authors: Hua Hui Chun , Jia Xiu Fang , An Hai Qing , Zhang Shao Guang
Published: October 2013

Determining harmonic contribution quantitatively at the point of common coupling is an important task for power quality management. Outliers and influential points could have strong influences on regressors. This paper puts forward a method named reweighted complex least squares to eliminate or reduce the influences to ensure the robustness of the regression. The method can improve precision of the equivalent harmonic impedance and it can get a more reasonable result in harmonic contribution determination than previous methods. A case study based on the IEEE 14-bus test system was conducted, which shows the validity of the proposed method.
Research on the Watershed Ecological Risk Management
Authors: Jin Chun Jiu , Zhang Jian Qiao , Zhang Yi , Li Na , Peng Jun , Jha Ajay Kumar , Liu Chong
Published: October 2013

The risk management of watershed ecology is an important topic in the field of water resources management. To improve the present situation of the water ecological risk management in Songhua River and Liao River watershed, based on the policy of eco-management of the important water function zone in China, and the potential risk source investigation of watershed, investigate hazard components, predict risk probability and the possible negative effects, put forward the mitigation measure on water ecological response in watershed. It is necessary to explore water ecotoxicological variation, resolve biodiversity watershed, establish a suitable ecological evaluation index system, and put forward the multi-objective of optimizing management strategies.
Distributed Modeling Technology for Large Power Grid Modeling Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: Yuan Rong Chang , Wang Zian , Li Li Xin , Di Fang Chun , Ji Zhi Xiang , Dai Jiao
Published: October 2013

As the original grid model cant meet the needs of smart grid development, a distributed grid modeling and integrated management technologies based on cloud computing are proposed in this paper. In this scheme, a multi-level integrated "model cloud" is developed with horizontal collaboration and vertical cut-through using cloud storage, cloud services, cloud computing and other related technologies. The grid models of levels of dispatching institutions are gathered, stored and managed with unified model service. The scheme can dress the issues of device naming, information sharing, model exchanging and model unifying, reduce the maintenance workload, improve the quality of the model and the degree of coordinated automation and enhance the level of dispatching and analysis of the whole power grid.
The Combined Generation-Consumption Scheduling Mode Considering Price-Responsive and Interruptible Loads
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Li Zi
Published: October 2013

In order to provide reserve power supply, consumption dispatch can be integrated into the conventional generation dispatch model. This serves as a feasible approach in connecting intermittent power sources such as hydropower into the power grid. An integrated generation-consumption dispatch model with hydropower is presented considering the consumption dispatch mode, such as consumption stimulation, interruptible load management, and price response, etc. Practical case studies show that price-responsive loads and interruptible loads tend to exert great influence on the load distribution which lead to a reallocation of generation among thermal generation units, run-of-river and storage hydropower generation units, which favours the total reservoir storage of the system so that the overall system operational economy can be improved.
Specifications on OMS Data Exchange between Provincial-Level and Regional Power Dispatching
Authors: Zhang Xi Lin , Zhou Xin
Published: October 2013

Specifications on OMS data exchange of provincial-level and regional power dispatching are discussed from the perspective of general principle, data exchange content and logo specifications, etc. Practical experience in OMS construction proves the necessity and effectiveness of the methods illustrated.
Preliminary Design of Demand Response Management System
Authors: Yan Chun Hua , Lai Xiang Ping , Yan Mi Fang , Shan Mao Hua
Published: October 2013

This paper describes the concept and classification of demand response as well as the application status of demand response at home and abroad, designs the overall technical architecture of demand response system, and takes direct load control as an example, then design the entire business process, the internal and external information flow of direct load control based Demand Response system. The research results of this paper will provide China useful references for the future development of demand response management system with independent intellectual property rights.
Assessment and Prediction of Mixture Effects of Four Different Types of Organic Pollutants on Photobacterium
Authors: Ge Hui Lin , Liu Shu Shen , Zhou Peng , Wan Yao , Zhang Yan Ling , Mo Ling Yun
Published: October 2013

The low-dose and combined effects of aniline, 2-methyl-aniline, 3-methyl-aniline, 4-methyl-aniline, nitrobenzene, 4-methyl-nitrobenzene, phenol, 2-methyl-phenol, 3-methyl-phenol, 4-methyl-phenol, dimethyl phthalate, and diethyl phthalate on photobacterium Vibrio qinghaiensis were predicted and evaluated by using concentration addition and independent action models. The mixture effects can be predicted by concentration addition and independent action models. Combined effect of environmental pollutants should be considered in risk assessment practice.
Comprehensive Utilization of Solar Assisted Heat Pump and Ground Source Heat Pump in Severe Cold Region
Authors: Zhao Jing Bo
Published: October 2013

In this paper, the principle of solar assisted heat pump and ground source heat pump was introduced, the comprehensive utilization of solar assisted heat pump and ground source heat pump was discussed in severe cold region, the article illustrated the advantages and matters of the system to which need pay attention, and pointed out that the comprehensive utilization of the combination solar assisted heat pump and ground source heat pump had a substantial economic and environmental benefits in severe cold region.
Research on Vehicle Exhaust Waste Heat Power Generation Technology
Authors: Zhang He Fu , Zhou Song , Wang Zhi Yu
Published: October 2013

Vehicle exhaust waste heat utilization can improve automotive vehicle fuel efficiency to optimize energy use and reduce CO2 greenhouse gas emissions to protect the environment. This paper introduces several methods of using engine waste heat, mainly on the Semiconductor thermoelectric power generation technology and the Organic Rankine Cycle power generation technology, and in-depth study on their system structure, principles and key technologies respectively and get important conclusions.
The Research on the Estimation Mode of Ecological Environment Loss from the Perspective of Tourism Development: Jiangxi as an Example
Authors: Xiong Guo Bao , Liang Pei Pei
Published: October 2013

Jiangxi province is abundant in tourism resources. Under the stimulus of Poyang lake strategy, the tourism economy grows continuously, while tourism developments cause more serious environmental damage. Based on the perspective of tourism development, this paper has a study on the estimation of environmental loss by using relatively mature evaluation methods. The results show that environmental loss caused by tourism development can not to be ignored, also further reveal the importance and necessity between Poyang lake region economy sustainable development and endogenous factor of tourism ecological environment. And the harmonious development between tourism economy and environment is imperative.
Performance of a Micro-Cogeneration System Running with Preheated Raw Vegetable Oils
Authors: Yu Hong Dong , Wang Yao Dong , Wu Da Wei , Roskilly Tony , Chen Hai Sheng , Tan Chun Qing
Published: October 2013

A micro-cogeneration system was designed and constructed using a 6.5kWe Yanmar diesel generator as prime mover fuelled with raw vegetable oils preheated to 60°C and 90°C. The system was run under single generation (SG) and cogeneration (CG) modes, and gas oil was used for comparison purpose. The system performance was studied in terms of energy consumption, exhaust gas temperature, recovered waste heat, efficiency and CO2emission. Under CG mode, it performed with over 2.5 times higher efficiency and 60% lower CO2emission compared to that of SG mode. Higher preheating temperature was proved posed positive effect to the system, and the performance of the preheat vegetable oils was comparable to that of the gas oil.
Operative Technology Research of Grange's Energy Conservation Transformation in the Mountains of Eastern Jilin
Authors: Cui De Qin , Liu Xi Feng , Yang Zhong Qing
Published: October 2013

Combined with the local climate characteristics, peasants existing living conditions and economic development level in the mountains of eastern Jilin, the paper analyzed with energy conservation transformation method of the existing grange and expounded the operative technology of energy conservation transformation of auld grange from the point of envelop enclosure, heating system and renewable energy resource, which is now suitable for the new grange in the mountains of eastern Jilin.
Research on Ship Shaft Power Generation System Based on BDFG and its Grid-Connected Control Strategy
Authors: Shen Nai Jun , Liu Hong Da , Pang Yu , Yu Hai Ning , Lan Hai
Published: October 2013

The technology of Ship Shaft Power Generation System (SSPGS) is an effective way to save energy, Compared to the traditional SSPGS, the shaft power generation systems based on BDFG has the advantages of smaller capacity of the inverter, lower capital operational costs and higher reliability. In order to utilize rationally the resources, the paper analyses the ship operating mode, and presents the control strategy when the system working at grid-connected mode. The proposed vector control method is developed on the power winding (PW) stator flux frame and can be used to control both the active and reactive power on the grid-connected mode. The generator model and the control system are developed in Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the control strategy has good dynamic performance when the ship speed and power are change.
Application Analysis of Pile Foundation Ground Source Heat Pump System
Authors: Fu Yun Zhun , Du Xin Hui , Zhang Xu
Published: October 2013

Pile foundation thermal response test method was adopted to measure the heat transfer capacity of the pile foundation U-pipe heat exchanger. The heat pump system of pile foundation buried pipe was designed. BIN method was adopted to calculate the annual dynamic load of office in Shanghai and annual energy consumption, and its energy-saving effect was determined by comparing with the air-cooled heat pump air conditioning system. Finally, annual cost method was employed to study the investment and annual operating expenses of pile foundation buried pipe heat pump air conditioner systems, and their economy, advantages and disadvantages by comparing with those of the air-cooled heat pump air conditioning system were analyzed.
Heating Boiler System Efficiency Analysis
Authors: Duan Ying Yong , Hu Jun Sheng , Feng Guo Hui
Published: October 2013

This study applies thermal analysis and exergy analysis under a certain load of coal, oil and gas boiler energy loss of each part, it is concluded that the main energy loss in heat transfer process and exhaust process; And comparing the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency, find that gas boiler efficiency is the highest, follow by oil burning boiler, coal boiler efficiency is lowest. In the actual process of heating should reduce the use ratio of coal-fired boiler, improve the efficiency of energy utilization, achieve the goal of energy saving.
An Analysis Method of the Energy Consumption Characteristics of the Power Units Based on the ε-SVR
Authors: Zhao Ning , Chen Ya Mi , Wang Hui Jie
Published: October 2013

According to multi-borders, nonlinear, time-varying characteristics of the thermal system of large coal-fired power units, the relationships between the operating parameters and the energy consumption characteristics are very complex. The key operating parameters which influenced the standard coal consumption rate are obtained based on rigorous theoretical analysis. On this basis, features are extracted from the characteristics to be used as inputs of ε-SVR for training and testing. Energy consumption distribution model under full conditions of large coal-fired power units based on aforesaid method has high precision.
Cooling Effect of Mechanical Ventilation in Grape Greenhouse Based on CFD Numerical Simulation
Authors: Cao Ling Yu , Wu Jia Hua , Hu Yue , Gu Xue Bo , Liu Wei Wei , Cao Hai Zhong
Published: October 2013

The effect of air volume supplied by top mechanical ventilation on multi-span greenhouse temperature field is studied with different ambient temperatures through CFD numerical simulation. The cooling effects of different mechanical ventilation volumes are compared in the same ambient temperature conditions such as summer calm and high illumination. Thus, the best supply air volume is found to provide a theoretical support for mounting ventilator at multi-span greenhouse top for cooling. Results show that a smaller mechanical ventilation volume can meet the cooling requirements when temperature is lower outside greenhouse. However, single mechanical ventilation has been unable to meet the cooling requirement when ambient temperature is too high outside greenhouse.
Study of Heavy Metal Speciation in Surface Sediments of Lugu Lake, China
Authors: Gu Zheng Gang , Wu Min , Ning Ping
Published: October 2013

The speciation of the heavy metals Cu, Cr, and Pb in surface sediment samples collected from Lugu Lake in China was analyzed by European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction methods. Heavy metal bioavailability was assessed by risk assessment code. This study demonstrates that BCR sequential extraction methods and risk assessment code can be used as valuable tools to assess heavy metal mobility, bioavailability and eco-toxicity. The distribution of Cu, Cr, and Pb in the surface sediment of Lugu Lake showed that all three metals were mainly present in the reducible fraction. The bioavailability of the heavy metals in the surface sediment was in the order Cu > Cr > Pb.
Preparation of NaInS2 with Hierarchical Nanostructure Toward Visible Light-Induced H2 Production
Authors: Yang Bo , Bai Min Di
Published: October 2013

Photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting with semiconductor materials has received intense attention due to its potential to address important energy and environmental problems. In this work, we reported the facile preparation of NaInS2 photocatalyst with hierarchical nanostructure using solvothermal method. The as-prepared NaInS2 photocatalyst was extensively characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the as-prepared NaInS2 was composed of numerous interconnected nanoplates with thickness of around 100 nm. Reaction parameters such as the synthesis temperature and duration were found to be crucial for the formation of crystalline NaInS2. Moreover, ethylene glycol played an important role in tuning NaInS2 with hierarchical nanostructure. The as-prepared hierarchical NaInS2 photocatalyst demonstrated strong absorption in the visible region and appreciable activity for the photocatalytic H2 production from water splitting under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm).
Seasonal Stratification and Phosphorus Release from Sediments at Lake Hongfeng, Southwestern Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Jing Fu , Chen Jing An , Yang Yong Qiong
Published: October 2013

This study investigated the relation between seasonal stratification and sediment phosphorus release in a seasonally stratified lake. Lake quality monitoring was conducted for 10 months from April 2010 to January 2011 in Lake Hongfeng, southwestern China. Destratification generated strong mixing from surface to bottom waters in the early autumn. The lake water was well-mixed vertically within 3 days and became anoxic within next few months. Total phosphorus concentrations of the whole water column increased by 15-20% as a result of high surface sediment concentrations of total phosphorus and reactive phosphorus. In seasonally stratified lakes, high reactive phosphorus content in sediments may form a larger flux of dissolved phosphorus in the sedimentwater interface following turnover. Technical measures should be taken to increase dissolved oxygen concentration and control the water circulation in this lake, especially during the cooling period, to weaken the effect of destratification and prevent sediment phosphorus release.
Double Aza-Michael Addition of Thiols to Dienones Catalyzed by L-Proline
Authors: Fan Hao , Lin Yan , Ren Shu Hui , Cui Han Feng
Published: October 2013

In the presence of L-proline, an efficient and direct double aza-Michael addition of thiols with dienones has been realized, affording functionalized sulfur-containing products in excellent yields (94%-97%).
Investigation of Microwave Field Selective Heating on Two-Phase System
Authors: Xing Jian Yu , Song Xiu Ling , Bai Bo , Lu Shao Kun , Liu Hai Peng
Published: October 2013

Microwaves represent an alternative way of power input into distillation process. Through dielectric heating, reaction mixtures are homogenously heated without contact to a wall. Reaction times are significantly reduced compared to conventionally (thermally) heated systems while maintaining selectivity. In this paper, microwave field select heating on two-phase system has been investigated numerically and experimentally. Temperature increasing, heat transfer and evaporation during heating process were analyzed. The possibility of microwave used for distillation was examined and proposed.
Ash Composition Influence on Fusibility of Coal Ash
Authors: Gao Na , Liu Sheng Hua , Guo Yan Hong
Published: October 2013

The coal of Zichang was selected as the sample coal, the physical properties of the ash is analyzed with ICP-AES. The ash fusion temperature was researched by adding different basic oxide contents. The results show that the general trend is decrease firstly, and then increase when adding basic oxides. Blended ash fusion temperatures do not change linearly with blending ratios and ash fusion will decrease when adding the contents of CaO, Na2O and MgO, but the effect is different. Na2O is best and CaO is second. Mineral composition and type at addition oxides were determined by XRD analysis. Some combinations of component coals mineral produce eutectic minerals at high temperature;It can explain the reason of oxides decrease the ash fusion. Vitreous minerals are formed to explain increase the fusion temperature.
Modeling of Biodiesel Cold Filter Plugging Point from their Chemical Composition
Authors: Lai Yong Bin , Cai Ling Ling , Yuan Yin Nan , Chen Xiu , Qiao Xin , Chen Lei
Published: October 2013

This paper studies the chemical composition of biodiesel, cold flow properties, and the influence of chemical composition on cold filter plugging point (CFPP) by using GC-MS and CFPP tester according to the theories of crystallization. Using the method of multivariate linear regression to analyze the correlation between chemical composition and CFPP, the prediction model of CFPP which has a very significant linear correlation and is based on chemical composition is built. The study shows that biodiesel is mainly fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) that is composed of 14-24 even number carbon atoms (C14:0~C24:0 , C16:1~C22:1, C18:2~C20:2 and C18:3). The CFPP increases linearly with the increase of the content of SFAME and the longer the carbon chains are, the greater the increase will be; the CFPP decreases linearly with the increase of the content of UFAME. Among the 120 kinds of biodiesel we studied, the CFPP of Chinese tallow methyl ester (CTME) is the lowest (-14 °C) and the CFPP of peanut methyl ester (PNME) is the highest (13 °C).
Numerical Simulation of Water-Oil Flow on the Falling Film Plate
Authors: Zong Fang , Wang Wei Wen , Zhang Zi Sheng
Published: October 2013

Dimethyldichlorosilane hydrolysis devices are now faced with problems of incomplete reaction and emulsion between the mixture of siloxane and the hydrochloric acid. This paper adopted ideas of falling film and designed a inclined plate to avoid the problems. CFD software was used to simulate the water-oil falling film on the plate.The simulation results show that using a inclined plate within the reactor can expand the contact area between water and oil effectively. The hydrolysis reaction is completed and there is no emulsified phenomenon happening by using the plate.
Study and Design Comprehensive Denoise System for Railway
Authors: Zhou Ying , Gu Wen Jing , Huang Dan Wei , Wang Xi Zhong , Liu Zi Chi , Chen Ya Fei
Published: October 2013

The modeling theory to railway noise is applied and made a noise reduction system for the first time in this paper. Through test and analysis, the sound barriers and train skirts with better performance were selected to form a comprehensive denoise system. The performance of T-type sound barriers works better than straight-type; with the comprehensive denoise system, the railway noise in the simulative boundary alongside railway line and acoustic environment functional area II decrease by 9.24 dB(A) and 8.40 dB(A), respectively. In terms of energy, sound energy decline to 11.8% and 14.4%, separately; after installing the comprehensive denoise system, the day-time noise of all the points in acoustic environment functional area II reach the limits; as to the night-time noise, 75% points reach the national standard limits.
The Adaptability Analysis of the N-Alkanes and the Pour Point Depressant for Hainan Crude Oil in Liaohe Oil Field
Authors: Zhang Hong Jun , Zheng Meng
Published: October 2013

With the high temperature gas chromatography, wax compositions and different n-alkanes content of typical well 7-1 in Hainan block of Liaohe Oil Field is analysed completely, obtained average carbon numbers of oil wax. And under its cloud point temperature separately,original oil and additive crude oil are separated by the centrifuge. From the centrifugate and the gel wax components analysis, the LHPPH-2 pour point depressant used in Hainan block and wax components of 7-1 well have a good adaptability, show an excellent effect.
Study on the Concentrations and Fractionation of Rare Earth Elements in Filtered Water, Suspended Particles and Surface Sediments of the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River of China
Authors: Liu Jing Jun , Xiao Hao Yue , Liu Ying
Published: October 2013

The concentrations and fractionation of 14 rare earth elements (REEs) such as La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu in filtered water, suspended particles and surface sediments at 10 sampling sites from Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia sections of the Yellow River of China were studied by HR-ICP-MS. The results demonstrated that the total concentrations of REEs (REEs) in filtered water varied from 0.017 to 0.079 μg/L and had high concentration at S3 (0.079), S1 (0.070) and S4 (0.063) in Inner Mongolia section, while in suspended particles and surface sediments, the ranges were 148.9-246.8 mg/kg (mean 176.4) and 109.9-252.0 mg/kg (mean 179.9), respectively, and showed high concentration at S9 (246.8), S7 (252.0), S8 (229.8) in Baiyin (Gansu section) and S1 (209.5) in Baotou (Inner Mongolia section). The ratios of L/H, δEu and δCe in suspended particles and surface sediments implied light-REEs enrichment in the water compared with the background value of Chinese soil. And the chondrite-normalized REEs patterns of the suspended particles and surface sediments also showed light REEs enrichment at S1, S7, S8 and S9. The high concentrations of REEs in the Yellow River were probably due to the weathering of soil and anthropogenic activities near the river.
Natural and Forced Vibration of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Shuo , He Wei , Han Li Jin
Published: October 2013

In this paper, the natural vibration characteristics of a hybrid vehicle powertrain are simulated. The nonlinear dynamic model is proposed by using the lumped parameter method, and the dynamic response characteristics of the powertrain with a wide range change of engine speed and torque are studied. The conclusions provide the basis for the system design and control strategies constituting of hybrid vehicle powertrain.
Development and Prospect of Regenerative Braking Technology of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Han Jun Fei , Tao Jun , Lu Hui Juan , Xin Dong Hao
Published: October 2013

The recovery of braking energy is an important characteristic of electric vehicles, and the technology of regenerative braking is one of the key technologies for electric vehicles. In this paper, after analyzing the main technical problems in regenerative braking of electric vehicles, the relevant research and development at home and abroad is introduced in detail, and its prospect of development is introduced at the end of this paper.
Study on Promoting Clean Energy Vehicles in the Urban Transport of China
Authors: Chen Xu Mei , Zhu Yun , Li Zhen Yu , Yu Xiao Xi
Published: October 2013

The application of clean energy vehicles in urban transport affects not only the operational performance of the bus system but also the technology development for mobile industry, the energy consumption and emission level and the facility over its lifetime. With the survey data from 4cities in China (Jinan, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Chengdu), this article clarifies the policy environment and technology status, makes a policy assessment for the policies on promoting clean vehicles in China, analyzes the effectiveness of emission reduction cost and benefits, and proposes policy recommendations for promoting clean energy vehicles in place of the conventional vehicles in Chinese cities.
Long-Term Development Scale and Charging Load Forecasting of Electric Vehicle
Authors: Cai Zi Long , Shu Hong Chun
Published: October 2013

Because of the energy crisis and environment deterioration, there is a general consensus about the development of new energy vehicle especially electric vehicle in the world. The development of electric vehicles has brought new challenges to the distribution network. The charging strategy, the location planning of electric vehicle charging stations and sizing, the coordination planning between electric vehicle and the distribution grid depends on the future development scale electric vehicles and charging load forecasting. Because there is a certain distance from commercial operation in china, the prediction theory and method of the electric vehicle development scale and charging load are not mature. By using the method of artificial neural network to establish the development scale and charging load forecasting model of electric vehicle. The model is proved its correctness through an example of the electric vehicle scale and charging load forecasting of Kunming, a big city in West China. The paper provides a new way for future development scale and charging load forecasting to electric vehicle of China.
Control Measurements and Evaluation of Cooling Tower Noise
Authors: Xu Nan
Published: October 2013

Measuring the Cooling Tower Noise by Standard Method, Analyzing the Radiation Noise Spectrum Characteristics, this Paper Carried on Full Analysis in the Principle and Control Methods. Noise Emission Meets the Standards and Showing Remarkable Economic Benefits and Social Benefits.Cooling Towers in Hotels, Shopping Malls, Office Buildings and so on were Usually Installed on the Roof or Deck. when they were Run, the Motor, the Fan and Dropping Water Produced Noise, which Diffused through the Air or Solid Conduction, Polluting the Environment.
The Study on Heat Transfer Model and Algorithm of Multi-Sectional Regenerative Air Heater in Power Plant Boiler Based on Analytical Method
Authors: Tong Ying , Zhong Wei , Wu Yan Ling , Tong Shui Guang
Published: October 2013

Tri-sectional regenerative air heater is used widely because of its compactness and better performance. Study on the matching analytical calculation method of heat transfer is rarely carried out because of the complicated heat transfer process. This paper developed a model to solve the heat transfer calculation of multi-sectional regenerative air heaters, which usually have several layers. Then we designed the computational procedure to carry out the model. One example of a tri-sectional regenerative air heater with hot layer and cold layer shows the effectiveness of the algorithm, and the results suggest that this approach is valid. The impact of leakage on performance of the regenerative air heater was discussed. There is a negative linear correlation between exhaust gas temperature and air leakage, and boiler efficiency has a nearly linear negative correlation with air leakage.
Heat Transfer Analysis of the Operation in Delayed Coking Coke Drum
Authors: Lu Cheng Qing , Wu Nai Ming , Yang Kai Quan
Published: October 2013

Delayed coking coke drum is the core equipment of delayed coking technology, which experiences almost all the thermal and mechanical loadings during operation. In this study, two coke drum finite element models have been created with four material models and the thermal boundary conditions are determined based on the temperature measurement data. Finite element analysis methods known as function loading and multiple steps analysis are used through the simulation. Temperature distributions and temperature variation curves of different nodes are then obtained by finite element heat transfer analysis. Numerical results show that temperature distribution is complex in the transition section and the water cooling stage has the highest temperature change rate.
Research and Experimental Verification of the Heat and Mass Transfer Models of the Spraying Cooler
Authors: Zhou Xiao Wei , Zhang Xin Yu , Yang Bin , Yu Ping An
Published: October 2013

Cooler is an essential part of closed cycle diesel (CCD) system. Based on the main principle of mass and heat transfer of water-air system, the thesis create the cooler model and discretize the calculation domain. The kinematic, heat and mass transfer process is studied based on similarity theory. Experiments on spraying cooler under different working parameters are carried out to verify the model. The result shows that the model can describe the heat and mass transfer process in the cooler and predict the cooling effect.
Research on General DCS Configuration Training Platform
Authors: Yin Li Jie , Zhen Ya , Fan Qi Li
Published: October 2013

To meet different DCS training requirements of thermal staff, while addressing the high cost of purchasing several sets of DCS, this paper presents the general DCS configuration training platform, which is based on Ovation system, could simulate the Symphony, XDPS and other DCS training environments, and complete basic operations such as configuration, compilation, downloading and debugging. This platform gets significant savings in expenses, and provides a new idea for thermal training.
The Simulation of Boiling Heat Transfer in Metal Foam Tube
Authors: Sun Bin , Cui Bin Bin , Liang Chao
Published: October 2013

A three-dimensional physical mode of metal foam tube was built by CFD software. The Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy equation and user-defined function (UFD) of the mass transfer and energy transfer between vapor phase and liquid phase compiled by C language were used in the simulation of boiling heat transfer in metal foam tube. The results show that, at a given mass flow rate, the pressure drop nonlinearly increases as the vapor quality rises; At the low mass flow rate, with the increasing of vapor quality, the flow pattern is transferred to wavy flow from stratified flow and then transfer to stratified wavy flow, while the heat transfer coefficient decreases with the increasing of vapor quality. At the high mass flow rate, with the increasing of vapor quality, the flow pattern is transferred to annular flow from slug flow, while the heat transfer coefficient increases with the increasing of vapor quality. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data.
The Evaluation of the Simulation of Thermal Conductivity Coefficient Based on the Concrete with Minimum Thermal Resistance
Authors: Zhao Chao , Ting Du Shun
Published: October 2013

The coefficient of thermal conductivity is one of the important parameters of concretes thermal performance and it has a relatively great influence on the temperature field inside its structure. This paper explores the basic equipments of the experiment on concretes coefficient of thermal conductivity and the requirements on configuration of primary materials. In the meanwhile, it studies the establishment of the model of concretes coefficient of thermal conductivity from the theoretical basis of thermal conductivity simulation, the division of thermal fluxs pathways and that of K in the formula of the coefficient of thermal conductivity.