bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNOLOGICAL RESISTANCE IN DIFFERENT
Authors: Golubinskaya E. P. , Filonenko T. G. , Kubyshkin A. V. , Ermola Y. A. , Kalfa M. A. , Kramar T. V.
Published: April 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is a socially significant disease for the entire world community. An important challenge in successfully combating this infection is the avalanche increase in the number of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Currently, among the reasons for the development of pulmonary tuberculosis, a complex of etiological and pathogenic factors contributing to the disruption of the immune response to M. tuberculosis and the formation of secondary immunological failure (SIF) accompanying the disease are of particular importance.
However, the issues of discoordination of cellular components of the local immune system of the lungs leading to T-cell deficiency, as well as the ineffectiveness of the B-cell link, reduction of lymphocyte proliferative activity and activation of apoptosis, cytokine imbalance and activation of immunosuppression mechanisms are not fully studied and have a scattered nature, which does not allow us to assess the overall picture of violations.
The goal: determining the immunophenotype of lymphocyte population in lung tissue biopsy specimens of patients with various forms of secondary tuberculosis depending on resistance in case fibrosecavernous tuberculosis (FCT).
The material in the study was pulmonary tissue fragments of 30 patients with the verified diagnosis of FCT, and distributed in 2 main groups: resistant forms of secondary tuberculosis (n = 15) and 15 patients not resistant forms of secondary tuberculosis. The standard histological method was used. Immunohistochemically panel of markers included CD68, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD138.
The study was conducted at the Center for the collective use of scientific equipment «Molecular Biology» of the Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky in the framework of the grant № ВГ 09/2019, supported by federal state autonomous educational institution of higher education «V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University».
The results of the study have shown that in the conditions of secondary tuberculosis, regardless of resistance, the formation of local immunodeficiency with an immune response along the Th-2 pathway is determined.
The prevalence of cytotoxic lymphocytes in the area of specific granulation tissue and the draining bronchus indicated the prolongation of inflammation and its transfer to the latent phase.
The increase in the number of T-helpers and activated plasma cells can serve a reliable prognostic and diagnostic marker for the reactivation of the tuberculosis process.
La muerte necesita pasaporte. Asesinos a sueldo en el cine español contemporáneo
Authors: Baquero-Pecino Álvaro
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo pretende trazar un panorama de las producciones cinematográficas españolas que desde 1990 a 2010 tuvieron como protagonistas a un asesino sueldo. Para ello, se trazará una breve genealogía de las representaciones de violencia en el cine español y su relación con el desarrollo de la novela negra en España. Posteriormente, se analizarán con más detalle las películas de asesinos a sueldo españolas prestando especial atención a Beltenebros (Pilar Miró, 1991), Nadie hablará de nosotras cuando hayamos muerto (Agustín Díaz Yanes, 1995) y Sólo quiero caminar (Agustín Díaz Yanes, 2008). Mediante este análisis se mostrarán las diversas tendencias mediante las que se han ido configurando el imaginario relativo a estos personajes y cómo se redefinieron las relaciones derivadas del incremento de inmigración hacia España como consecuencia del proceso globalizador y las desigualdades agudizadas en las últimas décadas.
Reapropiación, descolonización y resistencia en la autotraducción mapuche. Adriana Paredes Pinda, Liliana Ancalao, María Teresa Panchillo y Elicura Chihuailaf
Authors: Stocco Melisa
Published: April 2021

En nuestro análisis del carácter político de la autotraducción en la poesía mapuche contemporánea surgen dos aspectos: la singularidad de sus raíces sociohistóricas y sus alcances ético-políticos. Respecto de lo primero, consideraremos el concepto de “arreo” (Mellado 2014) para pensar las motivaciones sociohistóricas no atendidas por la traductología. En segundo lugar, y partiendo de la noción de “literatura menor” (Deleuze y Guattari 1978) analizaremos la autotraducción mapuche como contradispositivo de enunciación que se reapropia del castellano y busca poner al mapudungun en el mismo grado de legibilidad. Estas cuestiones serán interpeladas por textos de cuatro autores: Adriana Paredes Pinda, Liliana Ancalao, María Teresa Panchillo y Elicura Chihuailaf, en los cuales piensan su propia práctica escritural en dos lenguas.
Mit System in den digitalen Werkzeugbau
Authors: Aulbur Thomas
Published: April 2021

Eine moderne Softwarelösung liefert Werkzeugbauern einen exakten Überblick über Kapazitäten und Ressourcen. Sie erstellt Auswertungen, um flexibler zu planen und effizienter zu fertigen. Die Planungs- und Steuerungsfunktionen sind auf die komplexen Anforderungen der Einzelfertigung spezialisiert.
Auftragslokalisierung erhöht die Fertigungstransparenz
Authors: Arnold Daniel , Dittrich Marc , Denkena Berend
Published: April 2021

Durchgängig den Produktionsfortschritt erfassen, Aufträge in der Produktion orten und die aktuellen Produktionskosten im Blick haben – möglich macht dies ein neu entwickeltes Lokalisierungs- und Kommunikationssystem. Ziel des Projekts ist, eine automatisierte betriebsbegleitende Datenerfassung mittels Bluetooth Low Energie (BLE), Maschinendatenerfassung (MDE) und einer Near Field Communication (NFC) zu realisieren.
ARCaide – ein neues Montageplanungstool/ARCaide: a new tool for assembly planning - Automated generation of AR-based assembly instructions using CAD data
Authors: Neb Alexander , Bauernhansl Thomas
Published: April 2021

Montageanleitungen sind unabdingbar, um ein Produkt erfolgreich zu verkaufen. Zugleich sind sie sehr zeitaufwendig in der Erstellung und oft nicht gut verständlich. „ARCaide“ ist eine neue Methode, die vorhandene CAD-Daten nutzt und daraus automatisch eine Montageanleitung erstellt. Ein weiterer Vorteil: Die ausgegebene Anleitung ist intuitiv und reduziert Montagefehler schon während des Prozesses, weil sie den Menschen mithilfe von Augmented Reality (AR) anleitet.

 

Assembly instructions are indispensable for successfully selling a product. However, their creation is very time-consuming and often they are hard to understand. ARCaide is a new method using existing CAD data to automatically create assembly instructions. Another advantage is that these instructions are intuitive, reducing assembly errors during the process as users are guided by means of Augmented Reality (AR).
Konzept zur Reduzierung der Lebensmittelverschwendung/AI-based, resource-efficient cheese production – A concept for reducing food waste
Authors: Theumer Philipp , Zipfel Alexander , Colombo Michael , Heim Albert
Published: April 2021

Die Produktionskomplexität in Unternehmen – getrieben durch externe und interne Faktoren – nimmt stetig zu. Gleichzeitig stoßen herkömmliche Ansätze der Datenverarbeitung bei der Analyse von großen Datenmengen in kurzer Zeit an ihre Grenzen. Technologien der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) bieten das Potenzial, diese Limitierung zu überwinden, die Prozesse in unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Produktion zu verbessern und gleichzeitig die Lebensmittelverschwendung zu reduzieren.

 

Production complexity in companies, driven by external and internal factors, is constantly increasing. Conventional data processing approaches quickly reach their limits due to large amounts of data. However, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies allow for improving processes at different production levels while reducing food waste.
The influence of tectonics on the land forms in west Jutland, Denmark
Authors: Madirazza Ivan
Published: April 2021

The structural development and its influence on the present land forms is discussed on the basis of the reflection seismic and gravity data. The study area covers the western part of Jutland which was not glaciated during the Weichselian and is delimited by two Weichsel main stationary lines: the line extending from west to east and the line extending from north to south (these two lines join at Dollerup). The southern border of the study area corresponds approximately to the northern limit of the buried Ringkøbing-Fyn High. In this part of west Jutland the base Zechstein faults can be traced to the surface where they control the drainage system. The faults are mainly NW-SE trending strike slip faults which are active also at the present time. Zechstein evaporates are present in the entire area discussed here.
Late Cenozoic palaeogeography of the eastern North Sea Basin: climatic vs tectonic forcing of basin margin uplift and deltaic progradation
Authors: Huuse Mads
Published: April 2021

The late Eocene to middle Pleistocene development of the eastern North Sea Basin is described by a series of palaeogeographic maps. The maps are based on published information integrated with recent investigations of seismic and well data from the eastern North Sea. The maps provide overviews of the basin geometry at late Eocene, late Oligocene, middle Miocene, late Miocene, late Pliocene and middle Pleistocene time. In post-Eocene time, the eastern and central North Sea Basin was progressively filled by large deltas, which built out from the eastern basin margin. These deltas were fed by ancient rivers from southern Norway (late Paleocene-Oligocene and Pliocene), southern Norway and Sweden (early Miocene), the Baltic region (middle Miocene-early Pleistocene), and finally by rivers flowing northward through the northwest European lowland (middle Pleistocene). It is argued that the Cenozoic evolution of the eastern North Sea Basin may be explained by a ‘self-perpetuating’ passive model. This model involves isostatic uplift of source areas due to erosional unloading of a relief generated by early Palaeogene uplift. The erosional unloading accelerated at the Eocene/Oligocene transition, in the middle Miocene and in the Plio-Pleistocene corresponding to periods of global climatic cooling and long-term eustatic lowering as indicated by δ18O records. The passive model diminishes the need for hypothetical Neogene tectonic events, although the influence of tectonic events cannot be excluded. Previous estimates of Neogene uplift and erosion of the northeastern Danish North Sea of the order of 500–1000 m do not agree with seismic geometries or with the regional palaeogeographic development. This indicates that previous estimates of Neogene uplift and erosion of the northeastern Danish North Sea may be several hundred metres too high.
A post mid-Cretaceous North Sea model
Authors: Nielsen Søren B.
Published: April 2021

The relative importance and causal relationship between tectonics, eustacy and sediment charge is investigated for the post mid-Cretaceous North Sea. Guided by the predictions of a quantitative model and previously published work it is argued that the geological evolution comprises 1) continued subsidence of the central North Sea and its more marginal basin areas, related to Palaeozoic and Mesozoic lithospheric and deeper processes, 2) Cenozoic uplift of the British Isles (Scotland) and western Fennoscandia initiated by the Iceland plume in Paleocene/Eocene, 3) inversion zone dynamics induced by in-plane stress variations from plate boundary processes (the African-Eurasian collision and Atlantic spreading), and 4) denudation controlled by the availability of topography and erosional base level changes. The processes are consistent with the general present day sediment structure of the North Sea. Furthermore, they produced the pattern and amplitude of the burial anomalies in the North Sea region: 1) the continued subsidence of the central North Sea ensured maximum burial here at the present day, 2) Cenozoic uplift of the coastal areas of Scotland and western Fennoscandia, including southern Norway, produced over-burial that decreases away from the coast with a gradient that depends on the flexural strength of the lithosphere, 3) inversion zones (in particular the Sole Pit High and the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone) developed a two phase burial anomaly, firstly by erosion of the narrow strip of topography in the central zone of inversion, and secondly by more regional erosion of the post-compressional rebound topography, involving both the central inversion zone and the marginal troughs. The falling eustatic level generated a burial anomaly by erosional unloading and isostatic uplift of the basin margins. Deep Quaternary erosion enhanced the burial anomaly in, for example, the Farsund Basin and the Skagerrak. The post-compressional rebound of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone is identified as the Neogene tectonic mechanism in the eastern North Sea area.
Order, please! Explicit sequence learning in hybrid search in younger and older age
Authors: Wiegand Iris , Westenberg Erica , Wolfe Jeremy M.
Published: April 2021

Sequence learning effects in simple perceptual and motor tasks are largely unaffected by normal aging. However, less is known about sequence learning in more complex cognitive tasks that involve attention and memory processes and how this changes with age. In this study, we examined whether incidental and intentional sequence learning would facilitate hybrid visual and memory search in younger and older adults. Observers performed a hybrid search task, in which they memorized four or 16 target objects and searched for any of those target objects in displays with four or 16 objects. The memorized targets appeared either in a repeating sequential order or in random order. In the first experiment, observers were not told about the sequence before the experiment. Only a subset of younger adults and none of the older adults incidentally learned the sequence. The “learners” acquired explicit knowledge about the sequence and searched faster in the sequence compared to random condition. In the second experiment, observers were told about the sequence before the search task. Both younger and older adults searched faster in sequence blocks than random blocks. Older adults, however, showed this sequence-learning effect only in blocks with smaller target sets. Our findings indicate that explicit sequence knowledge can facilitate hybrid search, as it allows observers to predict the next target and restrict their visual and memory search. In older age, the sequence-learning effect is constrained by load, presumably due to age-related decline in executive functions.
Nursing protocol: management of older adults with sensory deﬁcits
Authors: Tkacheva O. N. , Runikhina N. K. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Sharashkina N. V. , Lesina E. I.
Published: April 2021

The prevalence of sensory deﬁcits in older patients is high and is associated with falls, cognitive impairment, depression, functional impairment, disability, and mortality. Regularly assessing sensory systems and organizing adequate care measures is an essential task of nursing elderly patients. Nurses who are most in contact with patients can play a leading role in screening for sensory impairments and ensuring timely corrections.
Nutritional insufﬁciency (malnutrition) in older adults. Clinical recommendations
Authors: Tkacheva O. N. , Tutelyan V. A. , Shestopalov A. E. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Starodubova A. V. , Pogozheva А. V. , Ostapenko V. S. , Runikhina N. K. , Sharashkina N. V. , Krylov K. Yu. , Varaeva Yu. R. , Gerasimenko O. N. , Gorobey А. M. , Livantsova E. N. , Pereverzev A. P. , Shpagina L. A.
Published: April 2021

This document is a clinical guideline on malnutrition in elderly and senile patients, developed by experts from the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians, the National Association of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, the Union of Nutritionists, Nutritionists, and Food Industry Specialists. The Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation approved the document in December 2020. Clinical recommendations are aimed at geriatricians who provide assistance in outpatient and inpatient conditions, general practitioners, general practitioners, nutritionists, anesthesiologists-resuscitators, clinical pharmacologists, and rehabilitologists.

The document outlines the principles of screening, diagnosis of malnutrition syndrome, approaches to managing, preventing, and rehabilitating patients with malnutrition, and organizing medical care for this category of persons and criteria for quality control of its provision.
IntelligenceGym — is an effective tool to improve cognitive functions in the elderly
Authors: Trushkova Nina V. , Zelano G.
Published: April 2021

Aim. The aim of our study was to verify the effectiveness of the innovative IntelligenceGym training in improving cognitive abilities in the elderly.

Material and methods. We developed an original training method that requires interaction between motor and cognitive functions. In our study 123 women and 89 men, aged 68–76 were examined. The inclusion criteria were Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of 23 to 25 at inclusion, autonomy in walking, medical certification to participate in light physical activity. We have proposed to the participants to attend IntelligenceGym training one hour twice a week for 24 weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed before and after intervention included MMSE, Forward and Backward Digit Span Test, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning test (RAVLT), TMT-A, TMT-B. Moreover, motor performance was tested by using the Time Up and Go (TUG) test.

Results.The cognitive assessment after IntelligenceGym training showed statistically significant improvement in all the scores tested (t-test performed). The results showed that participants of the IntelligenceGym training had particularly improved performance in Digit Span, MMSE and TMT-B tests and also improvements in motor TUG test.

Conclusion. These findings indicate that the IntelligenceGym training is an efficient tool to improve cognitive performance in older adults with borderline or mild cognitive deficiency.
Effect Jamblang Stem Barks, Mangosteen Peel, and Cinnamon to Blood Sugar Levels
Authors: Tholib Baladraf Thabed
Published: April 2021

Diabetes mellitus ranks seventh as the most deadly disease with a prevalence of 1.9% and is dominated by type 2 diabetes mellitus with 95%. A solution is needed to overcome this problem, one of which is by utilizing jamblang stem barks, cinnamon, and mangosteen peel which are packaged in a popular product, namely steeping tea bags. This research aimed to determine the effect and potential biodiversity of extracts of jamblang stem barks, cinnamon and mangosteen peel as an antidiabetic drug in the form of infusion in rats induced by alloxan. This research used one-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with a linear model. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey. The sample used was male mice aged 2-3 months with a body weight of ± 20 grams. The sample consisted of 25 individuals and divided into 5 groups. group I (control), group II (alloxan induction + jamblang stem barks extract, cinnamon, and mangosteen peel 1.35 grams / 200gBB), group III (alloxan induction + mangosteen peel 1.35 grams / 200gBB), group IV (alloxan induction + wood sweet 1.35 gram / 200gBB), group V (alloxan induction + jamblang stem barks 1.35 gram / 200gBB). Day 21, the amount of increase in blood sugar levels was observed and assessed based on the results of the tools used. The results showed that the infusion of jamblang stem barks, cinnamon and mangosteen peel had a significant effect on reducing blood sugar so that it could prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Analysis of the Effect of Health Service Quality on Patient Satisfaction in Internal Medicine Inpatient Room of Hospital Level II Military Area Health Medan
Authors: Shelly Shelly , Simanjorang Asyiah , Yuniati Yuniati
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of quality on patient satisfaction in the hospital room for the Level II Military area health Medan in 2020. The research design used in this study was an analytic survey with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were all patients in the Internal Medicine Room of hospital Level II Military area health Medan as many as 167 people. The number of samples that will be studied is 118 people. Data analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyzes. The statistical test used was the chi square test and logistic regression.The results of the chi square test showed that the technical competence variable obtained p-value = 0,000, efficiency p-value = 0,000, and patient safety p-value = 0,000 < α 0.05, meaning that there was an influence between technical competence, efficiency and Patient safety on patient satisfaction, from the results of the multivariate analysis, it was found that the most influential variable in this study was the patient safety variable. The conclusion is that there is an influence between technical competence, efficiency and patient safety, while multivariate analysis shows that the most dominant factor is the variable of patient safety on family satisfaction. It is recommended that the hospital be able to improve the technical competence of nurses in the inpatient room of the Public Health Service in Medan by holding training and workshops both internal and external training.
Some reproductive, fattening and milk yield traits of South Karaman sheep
Authors: Tüney Bebek Dilek , Keskin Mahmut
Published: April 2021

Aims: In this study, reproductive, lamb growing, fattening and milk yield characteristics of South Karaman ewes and lambs were investigated.Methods and Results: The animal material of the study consisted of South Karaman sheep raised in the nomadic system in Tarsus district of Mersin province. The flock was managed under breeders’ condition. In addition to the pasture, straw and concentrate feed were given to the animals during their stay in Tarsus. The feeding of animals was provided only by grazing in the pasture during the highland period. Lambing rate, number of lambs per ewe at mating period, number of lambs per ewe giving birth, survival rate and single and twin birth rates were calculated to determinate the reproductive characteristics. Fattening characteristics were determined by applying 60 days of fattening in 20 head male animals randomly selected from lambs of similar weight and three months old. Milk yield controls were made at 30 days interval. The Holland method was used for each lactation milk yield calculation. At the end of the study number of lambs per ewe at mating period, birth weight, weaning weight, daily weight gain and lactation milk yield were detected as 1.24, 3.4±0.07 kg, 16.7±0.18 kg, 232.8±10.24 g and 37.7 L, respectively.Conclusions: South Karaman sheep has low milk yield, fattening and reproductive characteristics similar to other fat-tailed native breeds under semi-intensive breeding conditions.Significance and Impact of the Study: At the end of the study, it can be stated that South Karaman sheep is an important breed to sustainable sheep production systems. The reproductive, fattening and milk yield characteristics of this breed are sufficient for sheep farmers, especially nomadic breeders.
İvesi koyunu yetiştiriciliğinde kızgınlık toplulaştırma ve süperovulasyon için bir model
Authors: Gül Sabri , Erdoğan İbrahim Ethem
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Kilis ilinde yetiştirilen İvesi koyunlarında kızgınlığın toplulaştırılması ve süperovulasyon elde etmek amacıyla iki farklı hormon uygulaması yapılmıştır.Yöntemler ve Bulgular: Araştırmada, Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında 200’er baş olmak üzere toplam 400 baş hayvan kullanılmıştır. Haziran döneminde deneme (P4) grubundaki 100 baş hayvana 14 gün süre ile progesteron içeren sünger, vaginal yolla uygulanmış ve süngerin çıkarılmasına müteakip 500 IU gebe kısrak serumu hormonu (PMSG) enjekte edilmiştir. Kontrol grubuna ise herhangi bir muamele yapılmamıştır. Temmuz ayında ise 100 baş koyuna 11 gün ara ile 2 doz prostaglandin F2α (PG grubu) analoğu enjekte edilmiştir. Bu hayvanlara 2. dozu müteakip 500 IU PMSG enjeksiyonu yapılmış ve bu dönemde kontrol grubuna herhangi bir muamele yapılmamıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler SPSS paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda, Haziran ayında deneme ve kontrol grubunda koç altı koyuna göre doğum oranını % 53 ve % 39 (P>0.01), doğuran koyuna göre kuzu verimini % 1.47 ve % 1.15 (P<0.01); Temmuz ayında yine aynı grup ve özellik sıralamasına göre % 68 ve % 58 (P>0.05); 1.29 ve 1.13 (P<0.05) olarak hesaplanmıştır.Genel Yorum: Sonuç olarak PMSG uygulamasının koyunlarda kuzu verimini artırdığı ve bu uygulamaların Ağustos ve Eylül aylarında da yapılarak çalışmanın genişletilmesinin yararlı olabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Araştırma neticesinde ülkemizin ihtiyaç duyduğu kırmızı et üretimine katkı sağlamak amacıyla her bir koyundan elde edilen kuzu sayısı artmış, aynı zamanda mevsim dışı doğumlarda meydana gelen kuzu ölümlerinin önüne geçilmiş olacaktır.
Armut işletmelerinin teknik özellikleri: Antalya ili Korkuteli ilçesi örneği
Authors: Kart Fidan Merve , Gül Mevlüt
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Antalya ili Korkuteli ilçesinde armut üretim faaliyeti yapan tarım işletmelerinin bu üründe kullandıkları girdi ve kültürel işlemlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamında birincil veriler yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle 96 adet armut işletmesinden elde edilmiştir. Araştırma verileri 2018 üretim dönemine aittir. Çalışmada üreticilerin armut üretimine ilişkin bilgileri, yetiştirdikleri çeşitler, ağaç sayıları, uyguladıkları kültürel işlemler, girdi kullanımı ve en fazla etkilendiği hastalık ve zararlılar tespit edilmiştir. İşletmeler armut alanına göre gruplandırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular çapraz tablolar ile verilmiştir. Görüşülen üreticilerin bitkisel üretimde deneyiminin 27.75 yıl, armut üretiminde deneyimi ise 22.93 yıldır. Üreticilerin yarıdan fazlası (%52.21’i) armut yetiştiriciliği konusunda bilgi düzeylerinin yüksel seviyede bildirmiştir. Çiftçilerin önemli bir kısmı (%74.04’ü) armut yetiştiriciliğinden memnun olmadıklarını ifade etmiştir. Çalışmanın yapıldığı bölgede üreticilerin tamamına yakını (%93.75’i) klasik yetiştiricilik sistemi uygulamaktadır. Araştırma bölgesinde görüşülen işletmelerin armut alanının %48.56’sını Korkuteli Karyağdı çeşidi, %28.13’ünü ise Margarit çeşidi oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. En önemli hastalığın ateş yanıklığı, en önemli zararlının armut psillidi olduğu saptanmıştır. Görüşülen işletmelerin armut üretiminde dekar başına ortalama 45.71 kg azot, 35.46 kg fosfor ve 10.04 kg potasyum kullandıkları hesaplanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra armut üretiminde kullanılan dekara ortalama fungusit miktarı 1182.26 gr, insektisit miktarı 403.90 gr ve herbisit miktarı ise 166.73 gr olarak hesap edilmiştir.Genel Yorum: Bölgede ele alınan üreticilerin armut üretiminde deneyim sürelerinin ve bilgi düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Buna karşın memnuniyet düzeyleri düşük ifade edilmiştir. Bunun nedenleri yıllar itibariyle girdi unsurlarının fiyatlarındaki yükselmeler ve ürün fiyatının oynaklığı olarak ifade edilir. Girdi kullanımı düzeylerinde yüksek miktarlar söz konusudur. Bu açıdan üreticiler girdi kullanımı, zamanı, miktarı, uygulama şekli gibi konularda daha fazla bilinçlendirilmelidir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Armut üretiminin teknik özellikleri ilgili çalışmalar oldukça sınırlı olması bu çalışmanın özgünlüğünü arttırmaktadır. İlgili araştırmacılara çiftçilerin çeşitli teknik uygulamaları sunulmuştur. Bu açıdan armut üretiminde teknik yapıdaki iyileştirmelerin hangi noktalarda olması gerektiğinin üzerinde de düşünce sağlayacaktır.
Black Magic üzüm çeşidinde organik ve organomineral gübre uygulamalarının verim, kalite ve bitki beslemeye etkileri
Authors: Demir Serkan , Tangolar Serpil
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, 1103 P asma anacı üzerine aşılı Black Magic üzüm çeşidine organik ve organomineral sıvı gübrelerin verim, kalite ve bitki beslemeye etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla planlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışmada yapraktan ve topraktan olmak üzere organik (BioGas, sırasıyla, 400 cc 100 L-1 ve 4 L da-1) ve organomineral (AminoSEL-K, sırasıyla, 300 cc 100 L-1 ve 4L da-1) gübre uygulamaları ayrı ayrı ve birlikte yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda verim ve salkım ağırlığı ile bitki besleme üzerine gübre uygulamalarının etkisi önemli çıkmamış, şıra özellikleri üzerine etki önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek Suda Çözünebilir Kuru Madde değeri, organomineral (% 17.63) ve organik+organomineral (% 17.48) uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada uygulama şeklinin önemli olduğu saptanmıştır. En yüksek verim ve salkım ağırlığı (sırasıyla, 8145 g ve 407.3 g) yapraktan yapılan uygulamalardan elde edilmiştir.Genel Yorum: Sonuç olarak gübreler ve uygulama şekli konusunda kesin yargıya varabilmek için çalışmanın devam eden yıllarda da sürdürülmesinin uygun olacağı kanısına varılmıştır.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Çalışmada kullanılan sıvı organik ve organomineral gübrelerin yapraktan uygulanmasıyla üzüm verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin ilk yıldan itibaren görülebileceği, devam eden yıllarda da etkinin artarak devam edeceği görüşü oluşmuştur.
Tarım topraklarındaki ağır metallerin kirlilik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: Osmaniye örneği
Authors: Şimşek Tuğba , Kalkancı Nilgün , Büyük Gökhan
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yoğun tarım yapılan toprakların sürdürülebilir olarak kullanılabilmesi ve gıda güvenliğini korumak için bu topraklarda potansiyel toksik ağır metal elementlerin belirlenmesi ve tematik olarak haritalandırılmasıdır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Osmaniye ili ve ilçelerinde tarımsal üretim yapılan toprakları temsil eden alanlardan 0-20 cm derinlikten alınan 165 adet (Merkez, 40; Kadirli, 83; Düziçi, 25; Hasanbeyli, 6; Toprakkale, 10 ve Bahçe, 1 adet) toprak örneği alınmıştır. Bu örneklerin potansiyel toksik element analizdeki sonucu toplam Mn, Fe, Ni, Cd ve Cr konsantrasyon değerleri belirtilen sınır değerlerin üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.Genel Yorum: Bölge Toros dağlarının eteğinde olması ana kayada serpantin olması ve/veya kromun cevherleşmesinden dolayı Cr ve Ni gibi bazı ağır metallerin yüksek olması bu nedenlerden dolayı olabilir. Ama yoğun gübreleme yapıldığından Cd birikiminin fosfatlı gübreden kaynaklanabileceği de söylenebilir. Bu alanlarda Fe eksikliğinin bitkilerde gözle görülebilir olması ve bu eksikliğin ağır metallerin fazlalığından kaynaklanabileceği gözardı edilmemelidir. Çalışma alanından alınan topraklarda alınabilir Fe analizlerinde toprakların demir içeriklerinin %92,7’si az; %3,7’sı orta; 3,6’sı yüksek bulunmuştur.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Elde edilen sonuçlar bu metallerin yapılacak araştırmalarla bitkilere, hayvanlara ve insanlara gıda zinciriyle geçişi dikkatlice izlenmesi gıda güvenliği açısından önemli olup olmadığı uygun ekstraktörlerle analiz edilip söz konusu ekstraktörün koreleasyon kalibrasyon çalışmaları ile seçilmesi sonucu elde edilen veriler, limit değerlerle karşılaştırılıp toksik olup olmayacağı farklı bir araştırma ile netleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma durum çalışması olup, söz konusu kayaçların olası ağır metal potansiyelini ortaya koyan bir araştırmadır. Ancak çözünerek bitkiye geçişi veya diğer elementlerin alımına antagonistik etki yapıp yapmayacağı, çeşitli kileyt çözücülerle ekstrakte edilebilir dozunun belirlenmesinin araştırılması ile mümkün olabilecektir.
Effects of foliar sulfur applications in cotton crop on stomatal conductance under water stress
Authors: Kazgöz Candemir Derya , Ödemiş Berkant
Published: April 2021

Aims: This study was performed in 2015-2016 in order to determine how the foliar application of sulfur helped reduce the effects of long-term water stress in Carisma variety cotton plants in different periods of development, namely vegetative growth (VG), flowering and boll development (FB), and boll opening (BO) periods.Methods and Results: The study was set up in randomized complete block with three replications. Development periods (OOO, TTT, TOO, OTT, OTO, TOT) were assigned to main plots and sulfur doses (S0: Control, S1: 150 ml da-1, S2: 250 ml da-1, S3: 350 ml da-1) were assigned to sub-plots. Measurements were made on stomatal conductance, as well as evaporatranspiration and yield to evaluate the physiological effects of water stress. The average amounts of irrigation water used in each full irrigation were 127.5 and 138 mm respectively, for the treatment years. As for the evaporatranspiration values, in the first treatment year it was found between 304 and 1012 mm and in the second year from 256 to 1070 mm. Stomatal conductance values ranged from 269 to 1067 mmol m-2 s-1 in the first year and from 205 to 407 mmol m-2 s-1 in the second year with the highest stomatal conductance value obtained from full irrigation (TTT) during all growth periods in both years.Conclusions: The effects of sulfur dosage on stomatal conductance and yield varied due to exposure to long-term water stress at different developmental periods; however, generally speaking, the doses of S1 and S2 cause these values to increase.Significance and Impact of the Study: In the Amik Plain, there was no detailed study to determine how foliar sulfur applications changed the stomatal conductance of cotton when drip-irrigated and subjected to water stress during the different development stages. This research revealed in what dose sulfur should be given to reduce the effects of long-term water stress in Carisma variety cotton plants in Amik plain.
Yozgat ili elma ve armut üretim alanlarında ateş yanıklığı [Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.] hastalığının mevcut durumunun belirlenmesi
Authors: Ozturk Murat , Soylu Soner , Kayaaslan Zeliha
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, 2018 yılında Yozgat ili elma ve armut üretim alanlarında bakteriyel ateş yanıklığı hastalığının mevcut durumunu belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Survey yapılan elma ve armut bahçelerindeki ağaçlar hastalık yönünden değerlendirilmiş, enfekteli bitkilerden hastalık etmeni izole edilerek, morfolojik, biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve moleküler yöntemlerle teşhis edilmiştir. Enfekteli 45 farklı bitki örneğinden elde edilen 86 bakteri izolatı arasından 20 izolatın morfolojik, biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve moleküler testlemeler sonucunda Erwinia amylovora olduğu belirlenmiştir. Survey yapılan armut bahçelerinde hastalık yaygınlığı %91, bulunma oranı %20, hastalık şiddeti %29 düzeyinde olup, elma bahçelerinde hastalığın yaygınlığı %70, bulunma oranı %0.87, hastalık şiddeti %5.93 düzeyinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.Genel Yorum: Hastalığın Yozgat ili genelinde armut ağaçlarında elma ağaçlarına kıyasla daha yaygın sıklıkta görüldüğü, benzer şekilde hastalık şiddetinin armut ağaçlarında elma ağaçlarına göre daha yüksek düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Elde edilen sonuçlar hastalığın Yozgat ilinde mevcut durumunu ortaya koyarken, armut ağaçlarında ciddi sorunlara neden olması nedeniyle yeni tesis edilen bahçelerde hastalığa karşı ciddi tedbirlerin alınmasının gerekliliği bu çalışma ile bir kez daha öne çıkmıştır.
High Serum-Induced AhRL Is Associated with Prevalent Metabolic Syndrome and Future Impairment of Glucose Tolerance in the Elderly
Authors: Pak Youngmi Kim , Choi Hoon Sung , Park Wook Ha , Im Suyeol , Lind P. Monica , Lind Lars , Lee Hong Kyu
Published: April 2021

Background: High circulating levels of dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals, acting via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), have previously been linked to diabetes. We now investigated whether the serum AhR ligands (AhRL) were higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in subjects who had developed a worsened glucose tolerance over time.Methods: Serum AhRL at baseline was measured by a cell-based AhRL activity assay in 70-year-old subjects (n=911) in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. The main outcome measures were prevalent MetS and worsening of glucose tolerance over 5 years of follow-up.Results: AhRL was significantly elevated in subjects with prevalent MetS as compared to those without MetS, following adjustment for sex, smoking, exercise habits, alcohol intake and educational level (P=0.009). AhRL at baseline was higher in subjects who developed impaired fasting glucose or diabetes at age 75 years than in those who remained normoglycemic (P=0.0081). The odds ratio (OR) of AhRL for worsening glucose tolerance over 5 years was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.81; P=0.003, continuous variables) and 2.81 (95% CI, 1.31 to 6.02; P=0.008, in the highest quartile) adjusted for sex, life style factors, body mass index, and glucose.Conclusion: These findings support a large body of epidemiologic evidence that exposure to AhR transactivating substances, such as dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals, might be involved in the pathogenesis of MetS and diabetes development. Measurement of serum AhRL in humans can be a useful tool in predicting the onset of metabolic disorders.
Apresentação: o tempo da China no novo mundo : desafios para a América Latina
Authors: Puty Claudio Alberto Castelo Branco , Jia Liu , Barros Pedro Silva
Published: April 2021

Esta edição da Revista Tempo do Mundo apresenta textos que oferecem uma análise abrangente da crescente relação entre China e América Latina, destacando o aumento do comércio, investimento e cooperação econômica entre as regiões. Os textos discutem a evolução histórica dessas relações, os impactos macroeconômicos nas economias latino-americanas e os desafios enfrentados, como a dependência de commodities e as políticas de desenvolvimento. Além disso, examinam casos específicos de cooperação bilateral, como os acordos de swap cambial e a colaboração em projetos de infraestrutura. A diversidade de abordagens busca oferecer uma compreensão mais profunda das dinâmicas em jogo e seus efeitos na América Latina.
China’s trade specialization pattern with Latin American and African Economies: revisiting the core-periphery dichotomy
Authors: Borghi Roberto Alexandre Zanchetta
Published: April 2021

China’s economic rise has led to the rethinking of international relations not only between developed and developing economies, but also within developing economies. This paper compares the trade pattern established between China and Latin American and African economies in the 21st century. Results show that the importance assumed by China through asymmetrical trade relations with other developing peers renews core-periphery development concerns central to the structuralist theory. It is highlighted that there are important differences observed among countries, but overall relations should move toward greater economic and technological upgrading, as both Latin American and African economies face difficulties to industrialize or, in some cases, the risk of deindustrialization.
An Astronomical Image Content-based Recommendation System Using Combined Deep Learning Models in a Fully Unsupervised Mode
Authors: Teimoorinia Hossen , Shishehchi Sara , Tazwar Ahnaf , Lin Ping , Archinuk Finn , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Kavelaars J. J.
Published: April 2021

We have developed a method that maps large astronomical images onto a two-dimensional map and clusters them. A combination of various state-of-the-art machine-learning algorithms is used to develop a fully unsupervised image-quality assessment and clustering system. Our pipeline consists of a data pre-processing step where individual image objects are identified in a large astronomical image and converted to smaller pixel images. This data is then fed to a deep convolutional auto-encoder jointly trained with a self-organizing map (SOM). This part can be used as a recommendation system. The resulting output is eventually mapped onto a two-dimensional grid using a second, deep, SOM. We use data taken from ground-based telescopes and, as a case study, compare the system’s ability and performance with the results obtained by supervised methods presented by Teimoorinia et al. The availability of target labels in this data allowed for a comprehensive performance comparison between our unsupervised and supervised methods. In addition to image-quality assessments performed in this project, our method can have various other applications. For example, it can help experts label images in a considerably shorter time with minimum human intervention. It can also be used as a content-based recommendation system capable of filtering images based on the desired content.
The Evolution of Plasma Composition during a Solar Flare
Authors: To Andy S. H. , Long David M. , Baker Deborah , Brooks David H. , van Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia , Laming J. Martin , Valori Gherardo
Published: April 2021

We analyze the coronal elemental abundances during a small flare using Hinode/EIS observations. Compared to the preflare elemental abundances, we observed a strong increase in coronal abundance of Ca xiv 193.84 Å, an emission line with low first ionization potential (FIP < 10 eV), as quantified by the ratio Ca/Ar during the flare. This is in contrast to the unchanged abundance ratio observed using Si x 258.38 Å/S x 264.23 Å. We propose two different mechanisms to explain the different composition results. First, the small flare-induced heating could have ionized S, but not the noble gas Ar, so that the flare-driven Alfvén waves brought up Si, S, and Ca in tandem via the ponderomotive force which acts on ions. Second, the location of the flare in strong magnetic fields between two sunspots may suggest fractionation occurred in the low chromosphere, where the background gas is neutral H. In this region, high-FIP S could behave more like a low-FIP than a high-FIP element. The physical interpretations proposed generate new insights into the evolution of plasma abundances in the solar atmosphere during flaring, and suggests that current models must be updated to reflect dynamic rather than just static scenarios.
Optimal Softening for Gravitational Force Calculations in N-body Dynamics
Authors: Das Hirakjyoti , Deb Sukanta , Baruah Amiya
Published: April 2021

The choice of the optimal value of the softening length (ϵ

i
) of each particle dealing with N-body simulations has a profound impact on error values in the gravitational force calculation. A slight deviation from its exact optimal value may result in a large error in the calculation. In this paper we augment the accuracy of the existing gravitational force calculation methods by providing a new technique to calculate the individual optimal values of ϵ

i
for various configurations of the Plummer density model. We have proposed an expression

that relates each particle by considering the average characteristic length (λ

i
) and density (ρ

i
), unlike previous studies that considered ϵ

i
as an exclusive function of ρ

i
. We have performed gravitational force calculations for each and every particle from the Plummer density model using compact as well as noncompact gravitational force methods based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics. We have tested our new equation for the entire range of numerical simulations performed during the study. It is found that the errors in our force calculations are not only lower than those estimated from previous studies but also remain flat for various considerations of nearest neighboring particles (N
neigh). The adjusted expression of ϵ

λ,i
in our study has less dependence on N
neigh in the Plummer sphere. Finally, based on the results obtained using the method proposed in this study, we find that it remarkably improves both the accuracy as well as the stability of the gravitational force calculation.
Magnetic Helicity Flux across Solar Active Region Photospheres. II. Association of Hemispheric Sign Preference with Flaring Activity during Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Park Sung-Hong , Leka K. D. , Kusano Kanya
Published: April 2021

In our earlier study (Paper I) of this series, we examined the hemispheric sign preference (HSP) of magnetic helicity flux dH/dt across photospheric surfaces of 4802 samples of 1105 unique active regions (ARs) observed during solar cycle 24. Here, we investigate any association of the HSP, expressed as a degree of compliance, with flaring activity, analyzing the same set of dH/dt estimates as used in Paper I. The AR samples under investigation are assigned to heliographic regions (HRs) defined in the Carrington longitude–latitude plane with a grid spacing of 45° in longitude and 15° in latitude. For AR samples in each of the defined HRs, we calculate the degree of HSP compliance and the average soft X-ray flare index. The strongest flaring activity is found to be in one distinctive HR with an extremely low-HSP compliance of 41% as compared to the mean and standard deviation of 62% and 7%, respectively, over all HRs. This sole HR shows an anti-HSP (i.e., <50%) and includes the highly flare-productive AR NOAA 12673, however this AR is not uniquely responsible for the HR’s low HSP. We also find that all HRs with the highest flaring activity are located in the southern hemisphere, and they tend to have lower degrees of HSP compliance. These findings point to the presence of localized regions of the convection zone with enhanced turbulence, imparting a greater magnetic complexity and a higher flaring rate to some rising magnetic flux tubes.
The JAGWAR Prowls LIGO/Virgo O3 Paper I: Radio Search of a Possible Multimessenger Counterpart of the Binary Black Hole Merger Candidate S191216ap
Authors: Bhakta D. , Mooley K. P. , Corsi A. , Balasubramanian A. , Dobie D. , Frail D. A. , Hallinan G. , Kaplan D. L. , Myers S. T. , Singer L. P.
Published: April 2021

We present a sensitive search with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array for the radio counterpart of the gravitational wave candidate S191216ap, which is classified as a binary black hole merger and suggested to be a possible multimessenger event, based on the detection of a high-energy neutrino and a TeV photon. We carried out a blind search at C band (4–8 GHz) over 0.3 deg2 of the gamma-ray counterpart of S191216ap reported by the High-Altitude Water Cerenkov Observatory (HAWC). Our search, spanning three epochs over 130 days of postmerger and having a mean source-detection threshold of 75 μJy beam−1 (4σ), yielded five variable sources associated with active galactic nucleus activity and no definitive counterpart of S191216ap. We find <2% (3.0% ± 1.3%) of the persistent radio sources at 6 GHz to be variable on a timescale of <1 week (week–months), consistent with previous radio variability studies. Our 4σ radio luminosity upper limit of ∼1.2 × 1028 erg s−1 Hz−1 on the afterglow of S191216ap, within the HAWC error region, is 5–10 times deeper than previous binary black hole (BBH) radio afterglow searches. Comparing this upper limit with theoretical expectations given by Perna et al. for putative jets launched by BBH mergers, for on-axis jets with energy ≃1049 erg, we can rule out jet opening angles ≲ 20° (assuming that the counterpart lies within the 1σ HAWC region that we observed).
« Inverser les imaginaires en écrivant un récit commun, mobilisateur et positif »
Authors: Servigne Pablo , Moncond’huy Léonore , Fourreau Éric
Published: April 2021

À des endroits différents, ils incarnent la nouvelle génération de l’engagement écologique et solidaire face aux crises climatique, biologique (biodiversité, pandémies), sociale et démocratique que nous traversons. Maire de Poitiers à 30 ans, Léonore Moncond’huy expérimente à l’échelle d’une ville moyenne un nouveau logiciel politique, en rupture avec les pratiques descendantes, patriarcales et dirigistes du siècle passé. Initiateur de la collapsologie, chercheur et co-fondateur du magazine Yggdrasil , Pablo Servigne s’est imposé comme une figure majeure de la pensée radicale sur l’effondrement et le changement de modèle de société. DARD/DARD les a fait se rencontrer pour nourrir le nouveau récit à construire. Autant le dire d’emblée : entre eux, ça a « matché » !