bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of drainage on fine‐root biomass, production, and turnover in hemiboreal old‐growth forests on organic soils
Authors: Samariks Valters , Ķēniņa Laura , Kitenberga Māra , Aun Kristiina , Varik Mats , Liepiņa Agnese Anta , Jansons Āris
Published: April 2024

Information on the capacity of organic soils to capture and store carbon in old‐growth forests in the hemiboreal forest zone is scarce and fragmented. However, fine‐root data can provide valuable insights into soil carbon fluxes. Thus, the aim of the current study was to provide estimates of the fine‐root biomass (FRB), fine‐root production (FRP), and fine‐root turnover (FRT) rate by tree species and other functional groups in old‐growth (stand age 131–179 years) forests on mesotrophic organic soils dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), with and without the effects of forest drainage. The sequential soil coring method was used to estimate the FRB and FRP. The total FRB was significantly higher in the undrained sites (6.8 ± 0.3 t ha−1) than in the drained sites (3.97 ± 0.1 t ha−1). The FRB of Scots pine in the undrained forest was significantly higher (1.7 ± 0.1 t ha−1) than in the drained forest (0.5 ± 0.1 t ha−1), supporting an extensive foraging strategy. The significantly higher mean FRB of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) (1.4 ± 0.1 t ha−1) in the drained sites than the undrained sites (0.7 ± 0.2 t ha−1) can be explained by there being a higher proportion of spruce in the stand compositions, thus a higher standing volume of this species and an increased FRB. The FRB of dwarf shrubs (2.43 ± 0.2 t ha−1) formed the largest part of the total FRB in the undrained sites and the second largest (1.16 ± 0.1 t ha−1), following Norway spruce, in the drained sites. The total FRP was similar between the undrained (2.05 ± 0.31 t ha−1 year−1) and drained (1.82 ± 0.26 t ha−1 year−1) stands. However, considerable variability in the FRP was observed between different sites of the same forest site type. The FRT rate of Scots pine was twice as high in the drained sites than the undrained sites, suggesting faster nutrient and carbon input into the drained soil compared with the undrained soil. Estimates of FRB, FRP, and FRT rates for different functional groups can be used in carbon‐cycle modeling and in further calculations to estimate the carbon budget (balance) in forests on organic soils.
Recovering short DNA fragments from minerals and marine sediments: A comparative study evaluating lysis and isolation approaches
Authors: Gande Darjan , Hassenrück Christiane , Žure Marina , Richter‐Heitmann Tim , Willerslev Eske , Friedrich Michael W.
Published: April 2024

Marine sediments as excellent climate archives, contain among other biomolecules substantial amounts of extracellular DNA. Through mineral binding, some of the DNA remains protected from degradation which aids its preservation. While this pool of DNA represents genomic ecosystem fingerprints spanning over millions of years, the capability of current DNA extraction methods in recovering mineral‐bound DNA remains poorly understood. We evaluated current sedimentary DNA extraction approaches and their ability to recover short DNA fragments from artificially created DNA‐mineral complexes involving pure clay minerals or quartz, as well as from different types of natural marine sediments. We separately investigated lysis (DNA release) and isolation steps (purification of DNA) comparing five different lysis buffers across two commonly used DNA isolation approaches: silica magnetic beads and liquid‐phase organic extraction and purification. The choice of lysis buffer significantly impacted the amount of recovered mineral‐bound DNA and facilitated selective desorption of DNA fragments. High molarity EDTA and phosphate lysis buffers recovered on average an order of magnitude more DNA from clay minerals than other tested buffers, while both isolation approaches recovered comparable amounts of DNA. In marine sediments, however, liquid‐phase organic extraction caused inhibitory effects in subsequent downstream applications (e.g., PCR), across all assessed DNA extracts, while silica magnetic beads induced inhibition only in half of the tested DNA extracts. Thus, the isolation approach, together with the lysis buffer, played a decisive role in successful library preparation with lysis buffer choice ultimately impacting final library fragment distribution. With this study, we underscore the critical importance of lysis buffer selection to maximize the recovery of mineral‐bound DNA and show its profound impact on recovered fragment lengths in sedimentary DNA extractions, a crucial factor alongside existing isolation approaches in facilitating high‐quality DNA extracts for downstream analysis related to ancient environmental DNA research.
Harnessing idle edge resources for execution of cloud services: A comprehensive review
Authors: Trajano Alex F. R. , de Souza José Neuman
Published: April 2024

This article presents a comprehensive investigation into voluntary resource sharing at the edge of the internet for cloud service execution. Through a systematic review, 460 scientific articles published between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed, compiling the primary recent contributions in the field. The study presents a taxonomy of the results and highlights the state of the art. Despite the growing interest in the topic in recent years due to the expansion of Edge and Fog Computing, numerous challenges and open research gaps were identified for the effective utilization of idle resources for cloud service execution at the edge. This paper delves into these challenges, emphasizing the need for extensive research in areas such as resource management, interoperability, incentive model establishment, and security and privacy concerns.
Intelligent load balancing in data center software‐defined networks
Authors: Gilliard Ezekia , Liu Jinshuo , Aliyu Ahmed Abubakar , Juan Deng , Jing Huang , Wang Meng
Published: April 2024

In response to the increasing demand for efficient resource utilization in data center networks (DCNs), the development of intelligent load‐balancing algorithms has become crucial. This article introduces the dual double deep Q network (DDQN) algorithm, designed for software‐defined networking (SDN) environments within data centers. By leveraging deep reinforcement learning, DDQN addresses the challenges posed by dynamic traffic patterns, diverse flow requirements, and the coexistence of elephant and mice flows. Our algorithm adopts a comprehensive SDN approach, evaluating the network's status by analyzing switch load and bandwidth utilization. Using convolutional neural networks for elephant and mice flows in DCN, our algorithm enables adaptive learning and training tailored to the specific demands of elephant flows. Employing a double deep Q network architecture (DDQN), DDQN optimizes paths for both elephant and mice flows independently. Real‐time adaptation mechanisms make routing decisions based on the robust learning capabilities of DDQN, enhancing network utilization and reducing packet loss by generating optimal forwarding paths according to the current network state and traffic patterns. Simulations conducted in a Mininet environment with RYU as the controller, utilizing a fat‐tree data center topology, validate the efficacy of DDQN. The results demonstrate its effectiveness in achieving higher throughput, lower latency, and superior load balancing compared to traditional algorithms like equal‐cost multipath and Hedera.
Degradation of Orange G, Acid Blue 161, and Brillant Green Dyes Using UV Light‐Activated GA–TiO2–Cd Composite
Authors: Tekin Derya , Birhan Derya , Tekin Taner , Kiziltas Hakan
Published: April 2024

In this study, photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity performance are synthesized by synthesizing graphene aerogel‐supported, cadmium‐doped TiO2 composites by hydrothermal method for the effective degradation of organic dyes in wastewater. Here, GA–TiO2–Cd is investigated as a photocatalyst for the degradation of toxic dyes named Orange G, Acid Blue 161, and Brilliant Green in the UV part of the light spectrum. As a result of the experiments, it is observed that the effective decomposition of organic dyes is due to graphene aerogel (GA) and cadmium‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The results show that for 20 ppm solutions of Orange G, Acid Blue 161, and Brilliant Green, dyes are removed at approximately 81.075%, 84.15%, and 95.18% in 120 min. The morphology and elemental analysis of the synthesized composites are determined using SEM‐EDS, crystal structure analysis by XRD, chemical bond analysis by FTIR, optical properties by UV‐Vis‐NIR spectrophotometry, and thermal resistance by TGA analysis.
Social comparison and aggression: The mediating role of relative deprivation and moderating role of covert narcissism
Authors: Han Lei , Li Weizi , Wang Xujie , Xu Yan , Zhao Jinzhe
Published: April 2024

Social comparison is a universal social phenomenon that profoundly influences aggressive behaviours among young adults. Based on the general aggression model, this study investigated the relationship between social comparison and aggression, and the mediating role of relative deprivation. To further explore the mechanism underlying this influence, covert narcissism was examined as a moderator in this relationship, based on relative deprivation theory. The results from the current study using a total of 726 Chinese college students showed that social comparison was positively correlated with aggression, which was mediated by relative deprivation. Specifically, more frequent social comparison was associated with higher relative deprivation, which was, in turn, associated with higher aggression. Covert narcissism acted as a moderator in this model. Covert narcissism exacerbated the relationships between social comparison and relative deprivation and relative deprivation and aggression. Specifically, compared to individuals with low levels of covert narcissism, those with high levels of covert narcissism exhibited greater relative deprivation when subjected to the same social comparisons, subsequently displaying increased levels of aggression. This study deepens the understanding of the relationship between social comparison and aggression and provides an intervention direction and a theoretical basis for effectively preventing aggression in young adults.
Intravital observation of high‐scattering and dense‐labeling hepatic tissues using multi‐photon fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Chen Runze , Peng Shiyi , Xia Qiming , Wu Tianxiang , Zheng Junyan , Qin Haiyan , Qian Jun
Published: April 2024

Achieving high‐resolution and large‐depth microscopic imaging in vivo under conditions characterized by high‐scattering and dense‐labeling, as commonly encountered in the liver, poses a formidable challenge. Here, through the optimization of multi‐photon fluorescence excitation window, tailored to the unique optical properties of the liver, intravital microscopic imaging of hepatocytes and hepatic blood vessels with high spatial resolution was attained. It's worth noting that resolution degradation caused by tissue scattering of excitation light was mitigated by accounting for moderate tissue self‐absorption. Leveraging high‐quality multi‐photon fluorescence microscopy, we discerned structural and functional alterations in hepatocytes during drug‐induced acute liver failure. Furthermore, a reduction in indocyanine green metabolism rates associated with acute liver failure was observed using NIR‐II fluorescence macroscopic imaging.
PPARγ inhibition promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and fracture healing
Authors: Yang Guohui , Liu Kexi , Ma Shengli , Qi Peiyi
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to explore the effects of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibition on fracture healing of nonunion and the underlying mechanisms. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were treated with PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (5 μM, 10 μM). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin Red S was used to assess early stage of osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation. GW9662 (1 mg/kg/day) were administered intraperitoneally into the rats with bone fracture. Bone healing processes in the rat femur fracture model were recorded and assessed by radiographic methods on Weeks 8, 14, and 20 postoperation. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis at the fracture sites were evaluated by radiographic and histological methods on postoperative Week 20. GW9662 treatment increased ALP activity and Alp mRNA expression in rat BMSCs. Moreover, GW9662 administration increased matrix mineralization and mRNA and protein levels of Bmp2 and Runx2 in the BMSCs. In addition, GW9662 treatment improved radiographic score in the fracture rats and increased osteogenesis‐related proteins, including type I collagen, osteopontin, and osteoglycin, in the bone tissues of the fracture sites. In conclusion, PPARγ inhibition promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs, as well as improves the fracture healing of rats through Bmp2/Runx2 signaling pathway in the rat model of bone fracture.
Shining insights: Deciphering the biogenic synthesis of Ajuga bracteosa‐mediated gold nanoparticles with advanced microscopy techniques
Authors: Afreen Afshan , Hameed Hajra , Tariq Muhammad , Sharif Muhammad Shakeeb , Ahmed Rashid , Waheed Abdul , Kousar Momina Bint , Akram Zeeshan
Published: April 2024

In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were bioreduced from Ajuga bracteosa, a medicinal herb known for its therapeutic properties against various diseases. Different fractions of the plant extract were used, including the methanolic fraction (ABMF), the n‐hexane fraction (ABHF), the chloroform fraction (ABCF), and the aqueous extract for AuNPs synthesis. The characterization of AuNPs was performed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, FT‐IR, XRD, EDX, and TEM. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AuNPs, with peaks observed at 555 nm. FT‐IR analysis indicated strong capping of phytochemicals on the surface of AuNPs, which was supported by higher total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) in AuNPs. XRD results showed high crystallinity and a smaller size distribution of AuNPs. TEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of AuNPs, with an average size of 29 ± 10 nm. The biologically synthesized AuNPs exhibited superior antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities compared to the plant extract fractions. The presence of active biomolecules in A. bracteosa, such as neoclerodan flavonol glycosides, diterpenoids, phytoecdysone, and iridoid glycosides, contributed to the enhanced biological activities of AuNPs. Overall, this research highlights the potential of A. bracteosa‐derived AuNPs for various biomedical applications due to their remarkable therapeutic properties and effective capping by phytochemicals.

Research Highlights

This research underscores the growing significance of herbal medicine in contemporary healthcare by exploring the therapeutic potential of Ajuga bracteosa and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).

The study highlights the notable efficacy of A. bracteosa leaf extracts and AuNPs in treating bacterial infections, demonstrating their bactericidal effects on a range of strains.

The anti‐inflammatory properties of plant extracts and nanoparticles are evidenced through paw edema method suggesting their applicability in managing inflammatory conditions.

These findings position A. bracteosa and AuNPs as potential candidates for alternative and effective approaches to modern medication.
Constructing and validating a risk model based on neutrophil‐related genes for evaluating prognosis and guiding immunotherapy in colon cancer
Authors: Wang Shasha , Wang Lili , Qiu Mingxiu , Lin Zhongkun , Qi Weiwei , Lv Jing , Wang Yan , Lu Yangyang , Li Xiaoxuan , Chen Wenzhi , Qiu Wensheng
Published: April 2024

Background

Colon cancer is one of the most common digestive tract malignancies. Although immunotherapy has brought new hope to colon cancer patients, there is still a large proportion of patients who do not benefit from immunotherapy. Studies have shown that neutrophils can interact with immune cells and immune factors to affect the prognosis of patients.

Methods

We first determined the infiltration level of neutrophils in tumors using the CIBERSORT algorithm and identified key genes in the final risk model by Spearman correlation analysis and subsequent Cox analysis. The risk score of each patient was obtained by multiplying the Cox regression coefficient and the gene expression level, and patients were divided into two groups based on the median of risk score. Differences in overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were assessed by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and model accuracy was validated in independent dataset. Differences in immune infiltration and immunotherapy were evaluated by immunoassay. Finally, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to verify the expression of the three genes in the colon normal and tumor tissues.

Results

We established and validated a risk scoring model based on neutrophil‐related genes in two independent datasets, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, with SLC11A1 and SLC2A3 as risk factors and MMP3 as a protective factor. A new nomogram was constructed and validated by combining clinical characteristics and the risk score model to better predict patients OS and PFS. Immune analysis showed that patients in the high‐risk group had immune cell infiltration level, immune checkpoint level and tumor mutational burden, and were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy.

Conclusions

The low‐risk group showed better OS and PFS than the high‐risk group in the neutrophil‐related gene‐based risk model. Patients in the high‐risk group presented higher immune infiltration levels and tumor mutational burden and thus may be more responsive to immunotherapy.
Association between hepatitis C virus genotype 4 and renal cell carcinoma: Molecular and virological studies
Authors: Ahmed Asmaa E. , Abol‐enein Hassan , El‐Morsi Adel A. , El‐Hefnawy Ahmed S. , Elsayed Ashraf A. , Khater Sherry , Hashem Abdelwahab , Zekri Abdel‐Rahman N. , Haroun Samia A. , Shokeir Ahmed A. , Awadalla Amira
Published: April 2024

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common infection worldwide. The correlation between HCV and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still mysterious. Therefore, the relationship between HCV and RCC was investigated. The study included 100 patients with RCC; 32 with HCV infection, and 68 without HCV infection. Expressions of viral proteins (NS3 and NS5A) were tested using an immune electron‐microscope (IEM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC and quantitative real time‐PCR investigated the presentation of human proteins TP53 and p21 genes. Transmission electron (TEM) detected viral‐like particles in infected RCC tissues. The gene and protein expression of P53 was higher in HCV positive versus HCV negative patients and p21 was lower in HCV positive versus HCV negative in both tumor and normal tissue samples. Viral like particles were observed by TEM in the infected tumor and normal portion of the RCC tissues and the plasma samples. The IEM showed the depositions of NS3 and NS5A in infected renal tissues, while in noninfected samples, were not observed. The study hypothesizes that a correlation between HCV and RCC could exist through successfully detecting HCV‐like particles, HCV proteins, and (p53 and p21) in RCC‐infected patients.
Stability mechanism of Monascus pigment–soy protein isolate–maltodextrin complex
Authors: Wang Qiuyu , Li Xiaoyu , Hao Jia , Xu Duoxia
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Monascus pigment (MP) is a natural food coloring with vital physiological functions but prone to degradation and color fading under light conditions.

RESULTS

This study investigated the effect of complex formation of soybean protein isolate (SPI), maltodextrin (MD), and MP on the photostability of MP. Light stability was assessed through retention rate and color difference. Fluorescence spectroscopy (FS), circular dichroism (CD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) explored MP, SPI, and MD interactions, clarifying the MP–SPI–MD complex mechanism on the light stability of MP. Microstructure and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyzed the morphology and thermal properties. The retention rate of MP increased to approximately 80%, and minimal color difference was observed when adding SPI and MD simultaneously. FS revealed hydrophobic interaction between MP and SPI. FTIR analysis showed intensity changes and peak shifts in amide I band and amide II band, which proved the hydrophobic interaction. CD showed a decrease in α‐helix content and an increase in β‐sheet content after complex formation, indicating strengthened hydrogen bonding interactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that MP was attached to the surface and interior of complexes. XRD showed MP as crystalline, while SPI and MD were amorphous, complexes exhibited weakened or absent peaks, suggesting MP encapsulation. The results of DSC were consistent with XRD.

CONCLUSION

SPI and MD enveloped MP through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction, ultimately enhancing its light stability and providing insights for pigment–protein–polysaccharide interactions and improving pigment stability in the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Re‐thinking tourist wellbeing: An integrative model of affiliation with nature and social connections
Authors: Chang Lu , Moyle Brent D. , Vada Sera , Filep Sebastian , Dupre Karine , Liu Biqiang
Published: April 2024

Research on positive psychological outcomes of tourism has experienced exponential growth. However, a critical dimension of tourist wellbeing, affiliation, remains underexplored and conceptually underdeveloped. This study draws on 26 in‐depth interviews with international tourists to Fiji to explore the influence of affiliation with nature and social connectedness on tourist wellbeing. Findings demonstrate the integral role of travel companionship, tourist affiliation with nature and connection with local people as critical determinants of positive psychological outcomes. An integrative model across the domains of gaze, practice and reflection is developed to demonstrate how affiliation with nature and social connectedness influence tourist wellbeing. Future research should explore the multi‐sensual character and the therapeutic potential of tourist social encounters and interactions with nature and subsequent implications for tourist wellbeing.
Curcumin‐Encapsulated Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) Nanoparticles: A Comparison of Drug Release Kinetics from Particles Prepared via Electrospray and Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Roshan Zahra , Haddadi‐Asl Vahid , Ahmadi Hanie , Moussaei Majid
Published: April 2024

Controlled drug release (CDR) is a significant field of research in medical sciences due to its numerous clinical advantages over traditional methods. Encapsulation of a drug in a polymeric matrix is common technique to achieve CDR. In this study, drug‐polymer particles are prepared using poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) as the polymer and curcumin (CUR) as model drug. Two different methods, electrospray and nanoprecipitation, are used to prepare the particles, and optimal samples in each process are selected based on size and polydispersity index (PDI). Samples are characterized using various tests, and entrapment efficiency (EE%) and drug loading (DL%) are calculated using UV spectroscopy. The results showed that nanoprecipitated and electrosprayed PLGA particles successfully encapsulated CUR, with higher encapsulation efficiency (93.2%) and loading capacity (7.2%) for electrosprayed particles. The in vitro drug release showed that electrospray particles have a slower release rate due to higher encapsulation efficiency. The electrospray method turned out to be more viable for synthesizing these polymer‐drug particles due to smaller particle size, lower PDI, higher entrapment efficiency, and drug loading percentage. Finally, the antibacterial behavior of the particles proved that prepared particles provide excellent antibacterial efficacy (99.9%) and can be used as drug delivery systems.
Groups having minimal covering number 2 of the diagonal type
Authors: Fusari Marco , Previtali Andrea , Spiga Pablo
Published: April 2024

Garonzi and Lucchini explored finite groups possessing a normal 2‐covering, where no proper quotient of exhibits such a covering. Their investigation offered a comprehensive overview of these groups, delineating that such groups fall into distinct categories: almost simple, affine, product action, or diagonal.

In this paper, we focus on the family falling under the diagonal type. Specifically, we present a thorough classification of finite diagonal groups possessing a normal 2‐covering, with the attribute that no proper quotient of has such a covering.

With deep appreciation to Martino Garonzi and Andrea Lucchini, for keeping us entertained.
Preparation of Three Component PVDF‐Bi4V2O11‐SDS Composites with Enhanced Dielectric and Electrical Properties
Authors: Bag Rama Chandra , Moharana Srikanta , Chakroborty Subhendu , Mishra Nilima Priyadarsini , Chandra Priyanka , Mahaling R.N. , Ukhurebor Kingsley Eghonghon
Published: April 2024

In this work, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐bismuth vanadate (Bi4V2O11; BVO)‐sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composite films are fabricated by the solution casting method. The frequency dependence of the dielectric and electric performances of the resultant PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composites on various weight percentages of SDS contents is investigated. The results demonstrate that the three‐component PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composites have a superior dielectric constant (96) and suppressed dielectric loss (<1) at 102 Hz for 20 wt% of SDS contents. The surface morphology of the PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composites shows that SDS is successfully reinforced on the PVDF‐BVO matrix with better homogeneity. The ac conductivity of the PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composites is also improved, which is helpful for the enhancement of the dielectric constant and relatively low loss in the composites. Moreover, the PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composite also exhibits a larger value of the dielectric constant (96) than the pristine PVDF matrix, which is 15 times higher than that of the pristine one. These significantly enhanced dielectric and electrical characteristics of PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composites will fulfill the practical criteria for their use in high dielectric‐constant capacitors and energy storage devices.
Study of Power Sector Reforms for Madhya Pradesh Development
Authors: Wagadare Shraddha , Saha Sonali , Gupta Dhirendra Kumar , Ghosh Papri
Published: April 2024

The nuclear power industry in India plays a significant role in meeting the country's energy demands and fostering economic growth. This research study explores the need for research in the context of India's nuclear power industry, specifically focusing on Madhya Pradesh (MP). The aim is to investigate the potential of nuclear energy as a clean and sustainable resource for economic development in the region. The study considers the interplay between economic growth, resource reduction, and energy consumption within the state.

Highlights of the article importance of nuclear energy in India's overall energy mix and its potential for driving economic progress. The Indian nuclear power industry encompasses various sectors, including industrial, transmission, and commercial. Nuclear energy is recognized as a clean and vital economic resource, capable of providing substantial benefits to the national economy.

The focus of this research is MP, the largest state in terms of nuclear power generation in India. The state's economic growth depends on several factors, including energy consumption. To achieve significant improvements in resource reduction and sustainable development, it is crucial to examine the role of nuclear power within the state's energy sector.

The research study presented in this article addresses the electricity reform of the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board (MPSEB). By evaluating the infrastructure and recent discussions surrounding the Chutka Nuclear Power Plant project, which aims to support the energy sector in the Mandla region, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the potential economic benefits of nuclear power in MP.

The findings from this research will provide valuable insights into the relationship between nuclear energy, economic growth, and sustainable development in the Indian context. It will help policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers in formulating strategies and policies that promote the effective utilization of nuclear power as a catalyst for economic progress while ensuring environmental sustainability. This study ultimately contributes to the knowledge base required for harnessing the full potential of nuclear energy in India's energy landscape.
Recent Advancement in Porous Graphene from Synthesis to Properties: Critical Review on Functionalization Chemistry and Applications
Authors: Vijayan Jyothy G. , Prabhu T. Niranjana
Published: April 2024

Graphene is the main allotropy of carbon which exhibits properties like super conductivity, high electron transfer, and large surface area. Porous graphene (PG) has unique porous structure and many exposed edges. In 2D graphene pore ranges from several angstroms to nanometers. Similar to 3D graphene, which also has a porous structure, there are four different types: foam, sponge, and graphene hydrogel (GH). Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are used to create PG. This review focuses on various methods of synthesis of PG along with its inherent properties and methods to modify its properties by surface functionalization. Emphasis is also given on the discussion of various techniques that are involved in the PG characterization. This article discusses the formation of hybrids, and composites using PG. Applications and limitations of PG have also been indicated. This review shows an extensive overview of the main principles and the recent synthetic technologies about fabricating various innovative 3D graphene‐based materials. Subsequently, recent progresses in electrochemical energy devices and hydrogen energy generation/storage are explicitly covered. The applications of PG and its composites in the fields such as energy storage, solar units, sensors, supercapacitors, etc. have been discussed The up to date progress for pollutants detection and environmental remediation are also reviewed. Finally, challenges and outlooks in materials development for different applications are suggested.
Nanocellulose as an Ecofriendly Source in Nanoscience: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications—A Review
Authors: Vijayan Jyothy G. , Prabhu T. Niranjana , A. G. Jineesh
Published: April 2024

Nanocellulose is a promising future material which has got attention due to its unique characteristics. Properties which make nanocellulose special are the eco‐friendliness, high strength, stiffness, renewability, abundance, tunable surface characteristics, and low weight. This review addresses major factors like processing of nanocellulose, modification, properties, preparation of nanocomposites from nanocellulose, and their application in different fields. This review facilitates the selection of biomass sources, processing techniques for NC synthesis, application, and challenges. This review also emphasizes on different applications of nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites in different areas such as biomedical, packaging, electronic and environmental remediation, etc. Recent developments in the processing of cellulose nanocomposites using solution casting and other complex methods have been highlighted. As an emerging functional polymeric material, nanocellulose has become a research hotspot. The importance of nanocellulose in future includes the design of nanocellulose as per the specific user requirements, reduction of the production cost, and making customized products using nanocellulose using green processing. Hence this review is intended to provide new insights into the field of eco‐friendly fundamental materials with in‐depth perspectives and current research trends in its future applications.
Evaluating the Effect of Different Percentage Addition of SiC on Mechanical and Wear Properties of Al6061 Composite
Authors: Dubey Amit , Kumar Sagar , Dubey Maneesh
Published: April 2024

Aluminum 6061 alloy using silicon carbide (SiC) particles as a reinforcement is a promising metal matrix composite (MMC) that has gained significant attention in the automotive and aerospace industries. Till now the effect of the addition of SiC particles in Al6061 composite is not studied in depth and also very few studies are reported the on‐wear properties of Al6061‐SiC composite. So, to further enhance the properties of Al6061 alloy and to study in depth this work is carried out. In this study, MMCs are prepared using the stir casting route with varying weight fractions (5–10 wt%) of SiC particles. The properties of composites including tensile strength, compression strength, and wear are evaluated experimentally. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of SiC particles into the Al alloy matrix leads to a notable improvement in mechanical and wear parameters. The tensile and compression strength of the Al composites increases with an increase in the weight percentage addition of SiC particles (from 5% to 7.5%). At 7.5 wt% addition of SiC, it is found that the particles are uniformly distributed throughout the Al6061 alloy matrix. And also shows higher mechanical and wear properties as compared to 5% and 10% addition.
Structural Properties, Energy Interaction, and Applications of CdS Nanomaterial Doped with Rare‐Earth Ions
Authors: Singh Jitendra Pal , Pal Sudha , Nag Atanu , Sharma Y. K.
Published: April 2024

Spectroscopic analysis of trivalent praseodymium (Pr+3) and neodymium (Nd+3) ions have received very much interest and reveals good fluorescence efficiency in visible and near IR (NIR) region. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanomaterial sample doped with Pr+3 and Nd+3 ions are synthesized at room temperature by simple chemical precipitation method. The synthesized sample has been characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction studies, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectra. Absorption spectra of CdS:Nd3+ and CdS:Pr3+ nanoparticles have been recorded at room temperature. Various parameters such as interplanar spacing, micro strain, dislocation density, distortion parameter, and particle size of nanomaterial are computed. TEM and XRD analysis reveal the spherical structure of the CdS:Nd3+ and CdS:Pr3+ nanoparticles in the prepared samples. Energy interaction parameters of the CdS:Nd3+ and CdS:Pr3+ nanoparticles are computed using UV‐visible absorption spectrum. Actually, CdS nanoparticle amplifies the luminescence intensity of Pr+3, Nd+3 ions by up conversion processes. So energy transfer can be observed from CdS nanoparticles doped with Pr+3, Nd+3 ions. Therefore, the use of pump sources and diode lasers in the UV range can be used to excite these samples to work as lasers. CdS:Nd3+ and CdS:Pr3+ nanoparticles find potential application as a window material for hetero‐junction solar cell, light emitting diodes (LED), biological sensors, address decoders, gas detectors, opto‐electronic devices, etc. CdS nanomaterials are also used as pigment in paints and in engineered plastic due to their good thermal stability.
The evolution mechanism of green products supply and demand in a demand‐driven market
Authors: Jin Shuai , Qiao Na , Dabuo Francis Tang , Zhu Changchun
Published: April 2024

Promoting the production and consumption of green products is one of the essential ways to achieve sustainable development. However, although some studies have explored the evolution mechanism of the supply and demand system, these scholars have not noticed that in today's prosperous economy, demand‐driven markets have become mainstream in many countries. This paper establishes an evolutionary game model with producers and consumers in a demand‐driven market and analyzes the evolution mechanism of the system. The results indicate that (1) producers are willing to produce green products only if they can obtain excess green profits; (2) the lack of supply is the critical factor hindering consumers from purchasing green products; (3) additionally, there are multiple evolutionary paths under different substitution relations of different products; (4) interestingly, green premium and the consumers' sensitivity can simultaneously mitigate the perceived losses even when green products are insufficient. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are further discussed.
1,2,4,5‐Tetraoxane derivatives/hybrids as potent antimalarial endoperoxides: Chronological advancements, structure−activity relationship (SAR) studies and future perspectives
Authors: T. A. Abdul Rahaman , Rajendra Thakar Neha , Suhas Kshirsagar Prasad , Ippagunta Sirish K. , Chaudhary Sandeep
Published: April 2024

Malaria is a life‐threatening disease that affects tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Various drugs were used to treat malaria, including artemisinin and derivatives, antibiotics (tetracycline, doxycycline), quinolines (chloroquine, amodiaquine), and folate antagonists (sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine). Since the malarial parasites developed drug resistance, there is a need to develop new chemical entities with high efficacy and low toxicity. In this context, 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes emerged as an essential scaffold and have shown promising antimalarial activity. To improve activity and overcome resistance to various antimalarial drugs; 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes were fused with various aryl/heteroaryl/alicyclic/spiro moieties (steroid‐based 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes, triazine‐based 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes, aminoquinoline‐based 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes, dispiro‐based 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes, piperidine‐based 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes and diaryl‐based 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes). The present review aims to focus on covering the relevant literature published during the past 30 years (1992–2022). We summarize the most significant in vitro, in vivo results and structure–activity relationship studies of 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxane‐based hybrids as antimalarial agents. The structural evolution of different hybrids can provide the framework for the future development of 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxane‐based hybrids to treat malaria.
Auriculocondylar syndrome 2 caused by a novel PLCB4 variant in a male Chinese neonate: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhang Yongli , Zhao Yuwei , Dai Liying , Liu Yu , Shi Zifeng
Published: April 2024

Background

Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a rare congenital craniofacial developmental malformation syndrome of the first and second pharyngeal arches with external ear malformation at the junction between the lobe and helix, micromaxillary malformation, and mandibular condylar hypoplasia. Four subtypes of ARCND have been described so far, that is, ARCND1 (OMIM # 602483), ARCND2 (ARCND2A, OMIM # 614669; ARCND2B, OMIM # 620458), ARCND3 (OMIM # 615706), and ARCND4 (OMIM # 620457).

Methods

This study reports a case of ARCND2 resulting from a novel pathogenic variant in the PLCB4 gene, and summarizes PLCB4 gene mutation sites and phenotypes of ARCND2.

Results

The proband, a 5‐day‐old male neonate, was referred to our hospital for respiratory distress. Micrognathia, microstomia, distinctive question mark ears, as well as mandibular condyle hypoplasia were identified. Trio‐based whole‐exome sequencing identified a novel missense variant of NM_001377142.1:c.1928C>T (NP_001364071.1:p.Ser643Phe) in the PLCB4 gene, which was predicted to impair the local structural stability with a result that the protein function might be affected. From a review of the literature, only 36 patients with PLCB4 gene mutations were retrieved.

Conclusion

As with other studies examining familial cases of ARCND2, incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity were observed within different families' heterozygous mutations in PLCB4 gene. Although, motor and intellectual development are in the normal range in the vast majority of patients with ARCND2, long‐term follow‐up and assessment are still required.
Discovery of a pocket network on the domain 5 of the TrkB receptor – A potential new target in the quest for the new ligands
Authors: Antonijevic Mirjana , Sopkova‐de Oliveira Santos Jana , Dallemagne Patrick , Rochais Christophe
Published: April 2024

The important role that the neurotrophin tyrosine kinase receptor ‐ TrkB has in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative conditions such are Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, has been well described. This shouldn't be a surprise, since in the physiological conditions, once activated by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin‐4/5 (NT‐4/5), the TrkB receptor promotes neuronal survival, differentiation and synaptic function. Considering that the natural ligands for TrkB receptor are large proteins, it is a challenge to discover small molecule capable to mimic their effects.

Even though, the surface of receptor that is interacting with BDNF or NT‐4/5 is known, there was always a question which pocket and interaction is responsible for activation of it. In order to answer this challenging question, we have used molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and Pocketron algorithm which enabled us to detect, for the first time, a pocket network existing in the interacting domain (d5) of the receptor; to describe them and to see how they are communicating with each other. This new discovery gave us potential new areas on receptor that can be targeted and used for structure‐based drug design approach in the development of the new ligands.
CPEB1 induces autophagy and promotes apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Xuan Feilan , Ren Yuefang , Lu Jiali , Zhou Weimei , Jin Ruiying , Chen Aixue , Ye Yongju
Published: April 2024

Inflammatory damage in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) is a key mechanism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein‐1 (CPEB1) is important in inflammatory regulation, however, its role in PCOS is unclear. We aim to research the mechanism of CPEB1 in ovarian GCs in PCOS using dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)‐induced PCOS rat models and testosterone‐incubated GC models. The pathophysiology in PCOS rats was analyzed. Quantitative‐realtime‐PCR, TUNEL, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were applied for quantification. Additionally, cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and Monodansylcadaverine staining were performed. We found that PCOS rat models exhibited a disrupted estrus cycle, elevated serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), increased LH/FSH ratio, and heightened ovarian index. Furthermore, reduced corpus luteum and increased follicular cysts were observed in ovarian tissue. In ovarian tissue, autophagy and apoptosis were activated and CPEB1 was overexpressed. In vitro, CPEB1 overexpression inhibited cell viability and sirtuin‐1 (SIRT1), activated tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐6 levels, as well as apoptosis and autophagy; however, CPEB1 knockdown had the opposite effect. In conclusion, overexpression of CPEB1 activated autophagy and apoptosis of ovarian GCs in PCOS.
#StillServing: Engaging younger veterans in continued service
Authors: Rinella Jennifer F. , Neil Merritt
Published: April 2024

This case study examines the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) efforts over the past 3 years through #StillServing, a movement to highlight the stories and voices of veterans who continue to serve their communities in various ways, provide avenues for communities to coalesce around volunteerism, and attract younger generations for a wider range of engaged veterans. With an overarching goal to amplify the perception of the VFW as a place for dedicated veterans of all stripes to continue their service to country and their communities, the campaign spotlights men and women who exemplify the best of what it means to be a VFW member through storytelling emphasizing diversity, tenacity, and an enduring commitment to serve. Informed by findings from individual interviews conducted with a diverse group of U.S. military veterans, targeted messages with specific calls to action were developed for younger veterans. The association sought to take advantage of the most relevant and effective media to share its message while ultimately encouraging the veteran and military community to share their own stories of continued service through #StillServing. The case shares lessons learned from the campaign's iterative approach and offers creative, tested strategies for other programs seeking to engage younger generations.
Flexible High Lithium‐Ion Conducting PEO‐Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte with Liquid Plasticizers for High Performance Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Abe Ayaka , Mori Daisuke , Wang Zhichao , Taminato Sou , Takeda Yasuo , Yamamoto Osamu , Imanishi Nobuyuki
Published: April 2024

Lithium‐ion secondary batteries (LIB) with high energy density have attracted much attention for electric vehicle (EV) applications. However, LIBs have a safety problem because these batteries contain a flammable organic electrolyte. As such, all‐solid secondary batteries that are not flammable have been extensively reported recently. In this study, we have focused on polymer electrolytes, which is flexible and is expected to address the safety problem. However, the conventional polymer electrolytes have low electrial conductivity at room temperature. Various attempts have been made to solve this problem, such as the addition of inorganic fillers and ionic liquids; however, these composite polymer electrolytes have not yet reached a practical level of lithium‐ion conductivity. In this study, high electrical conductivity and lithium dendrite formation‐free PEO based composite electrolytes are developed with both a filler of Li6,4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 and liquid plasticizers of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 1,2 dimethoxyethane. The proposed flexible polymer electrolyte shows a high electrical conduciviy of 6.01×10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C.
Study on the pyrolysis characteristics, kinetics, thermodynamics, volatile products, and chemical reactions of micron polyamide waste, a typical marine plastic microfragment
Authors: Liu Yitao , Zheng Wenfang , Wu Yueqiang , Chen Ruiyu
Published: April 2024

The pollution of waste plastic microfragments to the marine ecosystems is an increasingly serious problem. Pyrolysis is widely recognized as a viable technique for the treatment of such plastic waste materials. The pyrolysis behaviors, characteristic parameters, kinetics, thermodynamics, volatiles, and possible chemical reactions during the pyrolysis of micron polyamide waste (the main component of fishing gear abandoned in the marine environment) are studied in inert atmosphere in the present work. The results show that the pyrolysis of micron polyamide may be regarded as a one‐step reaction. The peak and average reaction rates decrease significantly when the heating rate increases. The calculated kinetic parameters can effectively predict the pyrolysis behaviors of micron polyamide. The pyrolysis of micron polyamide is characterized as an endothermic reaction that occurs non‐spontaneously. Furthermore, the information of volatiles was obtained. The volatiles with higher content were –CH2 groups, CO2, and lactam, and the volatiles with smaller content were: –NH groups, NH3, HCN, H2O, CO, and amide derivatives. In addition, an analysis was conducted to explore the potential chemical reactions.

Highlights

The pyrolysis of micron polyamide can be considered as a one‐step reaction.

The obtained kinetic parameters can well predict the pyrolysis process.

Pyrolysis of micron polyamide is a non‐spontaneous and endothermic reaction.

Specific volatile products are determined by Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometry.

The chemical reactions that may occur during the pyrolysis have been inferred.