bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational Accidents Related to Heavy Machinery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Duarte J. , Marques A. Torres , Santos Baptista J.
Published: March 2021

Surface and underground mining, due to its technical challenges, is considered a hazardous industry. The great majority of accidents and fatalities are frequently associated with ineffective or inappropriate training methods. Knowing that knowledge of occupational accident causes plays a significant role in safety management systems, it is important to systematise this kind of information. The primary objective of this systematic review was to find evidence of work-related accidents involving machinery and their causes and, thus, to provide relevant data available to improve the mining project (design). The Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement methodology was used to conduct the review. This paper provides the main research results based on a systematic review protocol registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), where the research strategy, information sources, and eligibility criteria are provided. From the 3071 articles identified, 16 were considered eligible and added to the study. Results are presented in a narrative-based form, with additional data provided in descriptive tables. The data analysed showed that the equipment often related to mining accidents are conveyor belts, haul trucks, and dumpers, especially during maintenance or repair activities. Attention should be paid to powered tools. Effective monitoring and machine operation control are some of the stated measures to minimise accidents. Particular attention should be paid to less experienced and senior workers, mainly through fatigue control, workload management, and appropriate training programs.
Field, Laboratory and Modeling Evidence for Strong Attenuation of a Cr(VI) Plume in a Mudstone Aquifer Due to Matrix Diffusion and Reaction Processes
Authors: Chapman Steven , Parker Beth , Al Tom , Wilkin Richard , Cutt Diana , Mishkin Katherine , Nelson Shane
Published: March 2021

This study uses a combination of conventional and high resolution field and laboratory methods to investigate processes causing attenuation of a hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) plume in sedimentary bedrock at a former industrial facility. Groundwater plume Cr(VI) concentrations decline by more than three orders of magnitude over a 900 m distance down gradient from the site. Internal plume concentrations generally exhibit stable to declining trends due to diffusive and reactive transport in the low permeability matrix as fluxes from the contamination source dissipate due to natural depletion processes and active remediation efforts. The strong attenuation is attributed to diffusion from mobile groundwater in fractures to immobile porewater in the rock matrix, and reactions causing transformation of aqueous Cr(VI) to low-solubility Cr(III) precipitates, confirmed by high spatial resolution rock matrix contaminant concentrations and comparisons with groundwater concentrations from multi-level sampling within the plume. Field characterization data for the fracture network and matrix properties were used to inform 2-D discrete-fracture matrix (DFM) numerical model simulations that quantify attenuation due to diffusion and reaction processes, which show consistency with field datasets, and provide insights regarding future plume conditions. The combination of field, laboratory and modeling evidence demonstrates effects of matrix diffusion and reaction processes causing strong attenuation of a Cr(VI) plume in a sedimentary bedrock aquifer. This approach has important implications for characterization of sites with Cr(VI) contamination for improved site conceptual models and remediation decision-making.
Do Affiliated Bankers on Board Enhance Corporate Social Responsibility? US Evidence
Authors: Hasan Iftekhar , Li Hui , Wang Haizhi , Zhu Yun
Published: March 2021

In this study, we examine whether and to what extent affiliated bankers on board may affect firms’ corporate social performance. Using a propensity score-matched sample from 2002 to 2016, we find that board directors from affiliated banks exert significantly positive influence on firms’ corporate social performance. Furthermore, board of directors from affiliated banks are negatively associated with firm investments in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities when firms experience financial distress. Finally, we find that the effect of affiliated bankers on board on firms’ CSR performance depends on the affiliated banks’ CSR orientation, as affiliated banker directors from banks with higher CSR orientation have a stronger influence on firms’ investments in CSR activities. The results suggest that improving firm’s CSR performance is consistent with the affiliated banks’ interests.
Resource-Financed Infrastructure: Thoughts on Four Chinese-Financed Projects in Uganda
Authors: Ogwang Tom , Vanclay Frank
Published: March 2021

Increasingly common methods for financing public infrastructure in developing economies are Resources-for-Infrastructure (R4I) and Resource-Financed Infrastructure (RFI), usually involving Chinese financial institutions and Chinese construction companies. Although there are advantages to the borrowing country from these project financing arrangements, there are also various issues and governance challenges. In Uganda, expectations around future revenue from oil extraction have led to many infrastructure projects being commissioned, mostly funded by RFI arrangements. To consider the appropriateness of these arrangements and to reflect on whether they are likely to contribute to positive development outcomes or be examples of the resource curse, we examined four public infrastructure projects: Kampala–Entebbe Expressway; Karuma Hydroelectric Dam; Isimba Hydroelectric Dam; and the Malaba to Kampala section of the East Africa Standard Gauge Railway. Although R4I/RFI arrangements are viewed positively by some commentators, others (especially local companies) consider they lack transparency, create unsustainable debt, promote China’s interests over the borrowing country, increase unemployment, unfairly compete with local business, deal in corruption, have poor working conditions, and result in substandard construction. Nevertheless, we conclude that Uganda and other developing countries have generally benefited from Chinese-funded infrastructure, and there is more myth trap than debt trap. However, to ensure positive development outcomes, governments and construction companies should ensure compliance with international standards, especially relating to: environmental and social impact assessment; human rights; benefit-sharing arrangements; livelihood restoration; and project-induced displacement and resettlement.
A Systemic Review on Microalgal Peptides: Bioprocess and Sustainable Applications
Authors: Sathya Raghunathan , MubarakAli Davoodbasha , MohamedSaalis Jaulikar , Kim Jung-Wan
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, microalgal research is predominantly centered on an industrial scale. In general, multipotent bioactive peptides are the advantages over focal points over utilitarian nourishment as well as nutraceuticals. Microalgal peptides are now profoundly connected with biological properties rather than nutritive. Numerous techniques are employed to purify active peptides from algal protein using enzymatic hydrolysis; it is broadly used for numerous favorable circumstances. There is a chance to utilize microalgal peptides for human well-being as nutritive enhancements. This exhaustive survey details the utilization of microalgal peptides as antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-hypersensitive, anti-atherosclerotic, and nutritional functional foods. It is also exploring the novel technologies for the production of active peptides, for instance, the use of algal peptides as food for human health discovered restrictions, where peptides are sensitive to hydrolysis protease degradation. This review emphasizes the issue of active peptides in gastrointestinal transit, which has to be solved in the future, and prompt impacts.
European Union Agricultural Support ‘Coupling’ in Simulation Modelling: Measuring the Sustainability Impacts
Authors: Boulanger Pierre , Boysen-Urban Kirsten , Philippidis George
Published: March 2021

Over the last twenty years, the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union has evolved into a multifunctional policy instrument. As part of this transformation, most farmer receipts are paid independently of production, granting this class of payment production-neutral or ‘fully decoupled’ status. In prospective agricultural market studies, simulation models routinely represent these payments as decoupled, despite academic evidence to the contrary that posits a number of ‘coupling-channels’. To explore the ramifications of differing degrees of coupling on the three pillars of sustainability, a natural-resources focused simulation model is employed. Comparing with a ‘standard’ decoupled baseline to 2030, higher coupling increases global agricultural employment and reduces production intensity on European Union agricultural land and agricultural emissions. Higher coupling also diminishes the Common Agricultural Policy’s capacity as a safety-net for European Union food-security and agricultural employment, whilst there is tentative evidence of increasing emissions ‘leakage’. At the very least, if the non-distorting status of decoupled payments is mis-specified, this has direct implications for the design of greener policy initiatives under the auspices of the Green Deal that promote sustainable fairer trade. As a result, further empirical research on the production distorting effects of the European Union’s decoupled payments is needed.
Constructing Markets for Solar Energy—A Review of Literature about Market Barriers and Government Responses
Authors: Kihlström Victoria , Elbe Jörgen
Published: March 2021

A global conversion of energy production and consumption into renewable alternatives is required if climate targets are to be met. Solar photovoltaic systems (PVs), which convert sunlight into electricity, are an energy source that is receiving increasing attention. However, PVs are not competitive on the energy market and have therefore been dependent on governmental support through market interventions since their introduction. The aim of this paper is to find out what overall conclusions may be drawn after 40 years of experience in trying to establish the PV technology on the market through market interventions. In order to answer that aim, a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed studies on PV technology and market interventions from 1979 to 2019 is presented. The review clearly indicates that market barriers and interventions show great similarities over time and the technology is still dependent on government interference. The need for interventions does not look to decrease in the near future. The review also shows that market constructions by governments are short term in character. A conclusion drawn is that governments may sustain market interventions until nondesirable sources of energy are phased out.
Employee Satisfaction in Labor-Owned and Managed Workplaces: Helping Climate and Participation Spillover to Non-Owners
Authors: De Reuver Renée , Kroon Brigitte , Madinabeitia Olabarria Damian , Elorza Iñurritegui Unai
Published: March 2021

In contrast to shareholder-owned organizations, worker-owned cooperative organizations foster employee wellbeing such as employee satisfaction as an important outcome by itself. Due to expansions and economic fluctuations, larger worker-owned cooperations nowadays use mixtures of employment contracts resulting in varying shares of co-owners, contracted and temporary employees in workplaces. In the current paper, we research if this situation challenges the moral commitment of worker cooperatives to their employees, which derive from the cooperative philosophy on corporate responsibility. Where previous research contrasted employee wellbeing in worker cooperatives with share- holder owner organizations, this paper describes how various shares of co-owners in workplaces change mediating processes of helping climate and workplace participation and ultimately result in different levels of employee satisfaction. Archival data combined with survey data of 5907 employees in 99 hypermarkets were tested with multivariate analyses, and indicated that the helping climate and workplace participation positively mediated the association between the share of co-owners in hypermarkets and employee satisfaction. The findings imply that traditional worker-owned cooperatives, where a majority of all workers are owners, had more success in fostering cooperative values as a strategic outcome.
Innovative Box-Wing Aircraft: Emissions and Climate Change
Authors: Tasca Andrea Luca , Cipolla Vittorio , Abu Salem Karim , Puccini Monica
Published: March 2021

The PARSIFAL project (Prandtlplane ARchitecture for the Sustainable Improvement of Future AirpLanes) aims to promote an innovative box-wing aircraft: the PrandtlPlane. Aircraft developed adopting this configuration are expected to achieve a payload capability higher than common single aisle analogues (e.g., Airbus 320 and Boeing 737 families), without any increase in the overall dimensions. We estimated the exhaust emissions from the PrandtlPlane and compared the corresponding impacts to those of a conventional reference aircraft, in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Global Temperature Potential (GTP), on two time-horizons and accounted for regional sensitivity. We considered carbon dioxide, carbonaceous and sulphate aerosols, nitrogen oxides and related ozone production, methane degradation and nitrate aerosols formation, contrails, and contrail cirrus. Overall, the introduction of the PrandtlPlane is expected to bring a considerable reduction of climate change in all the source regions considered, on both the time-horizons examined. Moreover, fuel consumption is expected to be reduced by 20%, as confirmed through high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Sensitivity of data, models, and metrics are detailed. Impact reduction and mitigation strategies are discussed, as well as the gaps to be addressed in order to develop a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment on aircraft emissions.
Towards an Iterative Design for Serious Games
Authors: Viudes-Carbonell Sergio J. , Gallego-Durán Francisco J. , Llorens-Largo Faraón , Molina-Carmona Rafael
Published: March 2021

The design and development of Serious Games is a complex task, including a considerable risk of failure. Many attempts end up in non-fun, non-engaging games that fail to meet the purpose of improving education. Many different proposals have been published in the form of design frameworks, with the aim of helping practitioners succeed. Although these frameworks define and explain relevant concepts and guidelines, there is lack of focus in iterative methodologies. These methodologies have proven valuable in other areas on engineering and are also used by commercial game designers. This work proposes the introduction of iterative design for Serious Games and presents an early stage methodology, along with an example of the core mechanic of a game and a prototype for learning the concept of slope of a line.
The Pandemic City: Urban Issues in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Martínez Lina , Short John Rennie
Published: March 2021

Pandemics have shaped the way cities are planned and configured. Throughout history, cities have evolved to solve problems of sanitation, hygiene, and health access while providing space and opportunities for the urban dwellers. COVID-19 will have significant implications in the way cities are planned. This recent crisis highlights a number of issues. This paper looks at the context for the pandemic and then reviews studies and debates in four areas: transformations in the configuration of public spaces, transportation, urban connectivities, and urban economies. This pandemic, like other similar episodes in the past, is forcing us to rethink the nature of urban space and may be an opportunity to plan for safer, more sustainable cities.
Perturbative RG Analysis of the Condensate Dependence of the Axial Anomaly in the Three-Flavor Linear Sigma Model
Authors: Fejős Gergely
Published: March 2021

Coupling of ‘t Hooft’s determinant term is investigated in the framework of the three-flavor linear sigma model as a function of the chiral condensate. Using perturbation theory around the minimum point of the effective action, we calculate the renormalization group flow of the first field-dependent correction to the coupling of the conventional UA(1) breaking determinant term. It is found that, at low temperatures, mesonic fluctuations make the anomaly increase when the chiral condensate decreases. As an application, we analyze the effect at the zero temperature nuclear liquid–gas transition.
Classical and Bayesian Inference for a Progressive First-Failure Censored Left-Truncated Normal Distribution
Authors: Cai Yuxin , Gui Wenhao
Published: March 2021

Point and interval estimations are taken into account for a progressive first-failure censored left-truncated normal distribution in this paper. First, we derive the estimators for parameters on account of the maximum likelihood principle. Subsequently, we construct the asymptotic confidence intervals based on these estimates and the log-transformed estimates using the asymptotic normality of maximum likelihood estimators. Meanwhile, bootstrap methods are also proposed for the construction of confidence intervals. As for Bayesian estimation, we implement the Lindley approximation method to determine the Bayesian estimates under not only symmetric loss function but also asymmetric loss functions. The importance sampling procedure is applied at the same time, and the highest posterior density (HPD) credible intervals are established in this procedure. The efficiencies of classical statistical and Bayesian inference methods are evaluated through numerous simulations. We conclude that the Bayes estimates given by Lindley approximation under Linex loss function are highly recommended and HPD interval possesses the narrowest interval length among the proposed intervals. Ultimately, we introduce an authentic dataset describing the tensile strength of 50mm carbon fibers as an illustrative sample.
Direct and Indirect Neurotoxic Potential of Metal/Metalloids in Plants and Fungi Used for Food, Dietary Supplements, and Herbal Medicine
Authors: Spencer Peter , Palmer Valerie
Published: March 2021

Plants and mushrooms bioconcentrate metals/metalloids from soil and water such that high levels of potentially neurotoxic elements can occur in cultivated and wild species used for food. While the health effects of excessive exposure to metals/metalloids with neurotoxic potential are well established, overt neurological disease from prolonged ingestion of contaminated botanicals has not been recognized. However, the presence of metal elements may affect levels of botanical neurotoxins in certain plants and mushrooms that are established causes of acute and chronic neurological disease.
Novel QSAR Models for Molecular Initiating Event Modeling in Two Intersecting Adverse Outcome Pathways Based Pulmonary Fibrosis Prediction for Biocidal Mixtures
Authors: Seo Myungwon , Chae Chong Hak , Lee Yuno , Kim Ha Ryong , Kim Jongwoon
Published: March 2021

The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) was introduced as an alternative method to avoid unnecessary animal tests. Under the AOP framework, an in silico methods, molecular initiating event (MIE) modeling is used based on the ligand-receptor interaction. Recently, the intersecting AOPs (AOP 347), including two MIEs, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), associated with pulmonary fibrosis was proposed. Based on the AOP 347, this study developed two novel quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for the two MIEs. The prediction performances of different MIE modeling methods (e.g., molecular dynamics, pharmacophore model, and QSAR) were compared and validated with in vitro test data. Results showed that the QSAR method had high accuracy compared with other modeling methods, and the QSAR method is suitable for the MIE modeling in the AOP 347. Therefore, the two QSAR models based on the AOP 347 can be powerful models to screen biocidal mixture related to pulmonary fibrosis.
Molecular Evolution of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus in China
Authors: Duan Kaiyue , Zhao Jingzhuang , Ren Guangming , Shao Yizhi , Lu Tongyan , Xu Lipu , Tang Xin , Zhao Wenwen , Xu Liming
Published: March 2021

Passive virus surveillance was performed in twenty-nine salmon and trout farms from seven provinces and districts in China during the period 2017–2020. A total of 25 infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) isolates were obtained, mainly from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The molecular evolution of these Chinese IPNV isolates and the previously reported Chinese IPNV strains ChRtm213 and WZ2016 was analyzed, based on their VP2 gene coding region sequences (CDS). All 27 Chinese IPNV isolates clustered within genogroups I and V, with 24 of the IPNV isolates belonging to genogroup I (including ChRtm213 and WZ2016), and only three isolates clustering in genogroup V. The Chinese genogroup I IPNV isolates lacked diversity, composing six haplotypes with 41 polymorphic sites, and the identity of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among the entire VP2 gene CDS from these isolates was 97.44%–100% and 98.19%–100%, respectively. Divergence time analyses revealed that the Chinese genogroup I IPNV isolates likely diverged from Japanese IPNV isolates in 1985 (95% highest posterior density (HPD), 1965–1997), and diverged again in 2006 (95% HPD, 1996–2013) in China. Each of the three Chinese genogroup V IPNV isolates has a unique VP2 gene CDS, with a total of 21 polymorphic sites; the identity of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among all VP2 gene CDS from these isolates was 98.5%–99.5% and 98.6%–99.0%, respectively. The data demonstrate that genogroups I and V are more likely the currently prevalent Chinese IPNV genotypes.
Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit Combined with Ginsenoside Rg1 as an Intranasal Adjuvant Triggers Type I Interferon Signaling Pathway and Enhances Adaptive Immune Responses to an Inactivated PRRSV Vaccine in ICR Mice
Authors: Su Fei , Wu Yige , Li Junxing , Huang Yee , Yu Bin , Xu Lihua , Xue Yin , Xiao Chenwen , Yuan Xiufang
Published: March 2021

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major pathogen that has threatened the global swine industry for almost 30 years. Because current vaccines do not provide complete protection, exploration of new preventive strategies is urgently needed. Here, we combined a heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit of Escherichia coli (LTB) and ginsenoside Rg1 to form an intranasal adjuvant and evaluated its enhancement of immune responses in mice when added to an inactivated-PRRSV vaccine. The combination adjuvant synergistically elicited higher neutralizing and non-neutralizing (immunoglobulin G and A) antibody responses in the circulatory system and respiratory tract, and enhanced T and B lymphocyte proliferation, CD4+ T-cell priming, and cytotoxic CD4+ T cell activities in mononuclear cells from spleen and lung tissues when compared to the PRRSV vaccine alone, and it resulted in balanced Th1/Th2/Th17 responses. More importantly, we observed that the combination adjuvant also up-regulated type I interferon signaling, which may contribute to improvement in adaptive immune responses. These results highlight the potential value of a combined adjuvant approach for improving the efficacy of vaccination against PRRSV. Further study is required to evaluate the efficacy of this combined adjuvant in swine.
Akmeniniai gludinti kirviai Lietuvoje. Tipologijos ir terminologijos problemos
Authors: Juodagalvis Vygandas
Published: March 2021

1974–1978 m. Lietuvos istorijos institutas išleido keturtomį „Lietuvos archeologijos atlasą“. Pirmoji, habilituotos daktarės Rimutės Rimantienės redaguota, atlaso knyga skirta akmens ir bronzos amžių paminklams bei pavieniams šio laikotarpio radiniams (Atlasas 1974). Antroji šios knygos dalis (Bagušienė, Rimantienė 1974) apima visus kartografuotus gludintus akmeninius dirbinius, saugomus Lietuvos
muziejuose. Darbe suregistruota 2560 gludintų akmeninių dirbinių iš 1420 radimo vietų, parengti paplitimo žemėlapiai, pagrindinių tipų rodyklė ir tipologinė schema, kuria Lietuvos archeologai ir muziejininkai naudojasi jau beveik pusę amžiaus. Onos Bagušienės ir Rimutės Rimantienės parengtą gludintų akmeninių dirbinių tipologinę schemą vertinu ne kaip nepajudinamą konstantą, o kaip dinamišką klasifikacinę modifikuojamą struktūrą. Straipsnyje pateikiama įžvalgos ir mintys, kilusios rengiant Pietvakarių Lietuvos (Užnemunės) gludintų akmeninių dirbinių duomenų bazę. Nagrinėjama pati gausiausia gludintų dirbinių tipologinė grupė – akmeniniai kirviai su skyle kotui.
BOGUSLAVO RADVILOS ĮVAIZDIS PAGAL JO PRIVATŲ DIENORAŠTĮ – ŠEIMA, ARTIMIEJI, KLIENTAI
Authors: Bagińska Elzbieta
Published: March 2021

The article offers an analysis of the private life of Duke Boguslavas Radvila,
Master of the Stables of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Governor of the Duchy of Prussia, various its aspects related to his family, closest relatives as well as his trustees from the nobility who were the Duke’s clients. The period under consideration (1661–1666) was of great importance in Radvila’s private life. It covers the preparations for his marriage to a close relative Ona Marija Radvilaitė as well as the first years of their married life. The period was also marked by another important event – the Duke’s half-brother Francis Erdmann of Saxe-Lauenburg passed away. The main source of research is Radvila’s private diary, covering the period from 1661 to 1666. The Duke’s correspondence has also been invoked.

KEY WORDS: 17th century, Boguslavas Radvila, Ona Marija Radvilaitė, noblemen, clientele,
diaries.
Relationships between body image dissatisfaction and BMI, self-esteem, and eating behaviors in a group of adolescent boys
Authors: Morin Guillaume , Meilleur Dominique
Published: March 2021

Several researchers have suggested an association between body image dissatisfaction and weight, self- esteem and eating concerns in adolescent boys. However, studies on the topic are scarce and results are contradictory. The aim of the current study was to explore the relation between body image dissatisfaction and body mass index (BMI), self-esteem, food restriction and bulimic attitudes and behaviors in a group of 85 adolescent boys recruited through four high schools located in Montreal. A positive correlation was observed between body image dissatisfaction and food restriction. No significant associations were noted between body image dissatisfaction and BMI, self-esteem and bulimic attitudes and behaviors. The results of the present study suggest that BMI might not be an adequate indicator of adolescent boys’ body image dissatisfaction. Moreover, these results suggest that food restriction should be evaluated in adolescent boys dissatisfied with their body image.
La transmission intergénérationnelle et ses déterminants. Enquête sur les habitudes alimentaires belgo-péruviennes et belgo-philippines
Authors: Gonzalez Alvarez Catherine S. , Fresnoza-flot Asunción
Published: March 2021

The intergenerational transmission of food practices in “ mixed” families in which one parent is a migrant has been scantly researched in the works on foods in the context of migration. To explore this theme, this article examines the case of mixed families with Peruvian and Filipino migrant mothers in Belgium. These mothers belong to two migrant populations that differ in terms of migration history and socioeconomic profile, but share certain similarities, which makes it possible to cross their experiences. The analysis of empirical data obtained through semi-structured interviews and observations reveals three food practices that are subject of intergenerational transmission in the families studied : the consumption of dishes typical of the mother’s country of origin, the preparation of foods and table (and clearing up after the meal), and eating together. These practices stand at the intersection of gender and ethnicity and are influenced by the parents’ economic situation and the networks created by the migrant mother.
Cuisine et organisation domestique en migration. Résultats de l’enquête Coralim
Authors: Tichit Christine
Published: March 2021

Everyday dietary habits lend themselves to an exploration of parental practices, addressed here from the point of view of the children of migrants, with the Coralim survey of the French National Institute for Agronomic and Environmental Research. Socially differentiated family cooking influences children’s food preferences. Household organization depends as much on the origin as on the structure of migrant households, with less traditional functioning than expected, more egalitarian practices, and more organizational diversity supported by other adults (adult children, other relatives). This organization determines the children’s participation in housework, which is marginal in egalitarian extended families where tasks are distributed among the adults, whereas the assignment of mothers to the kitchen in traditional and single-parent families strengthens children’s participation, especially that of girls, attesting to the gendered nature of household socialization.
La différenciation sociale du langage à 2 ans. Une approche variationniste des premiers mots à partir de l’enquête Elfe
Authors: Hargis Holly , Pagis Julie
Published: March 2021

Using data regarding words pronounced by 2 year-old children of the Elfe cohort (Enquête longitudinale française depuis l’enfance, French Longitudinal Survey from Childhood), this study addresses the sociogenesis of childhood language styles. First, it quantifies the number of words pronounced by children, highlighting differentiation in language acquisition according to gender and class. The article then looks at the semantic dimension of language and shows that not all words can be perceived as the same. The construction of semantically distinct groups of words (“everyday”, “ abstract”, “ onomatopoeias”, “ animal noises”) reveals social differentiation between these groups. The article thus emphasizes the existence of partly separate symbolic worlds in which 2 year-old children are already growing up.
L’accueil des jeunes enfants par les professionnelles de la petite enfance : un travail éducatif aux formes multiples
Authors: Barbier Pascal , Pellissier Anne , Seiller Pauline , Hertzog Irène-Lucille , Bertron Caroline
Published: March 2021

Registered childminders, daycare assistants and nursery staff are encouraged to do “ educational” work with children. From a qualitative survey conducted between 2017 and 2019 by observations in daycare centers, childminding centers and the homes of home-based registered childminders, and by interviews with daycare assistants, registered childminders, nursery staff and early child educators, an analysis was carried out on the place of instructions emanating from institutions, which contribute to the “ professionalization” of the sector, in the practices and discourse of these professionals. It shows how a concern for the “ stimulation” of young children and “ educational” expectancies from their care has become widespread. Professionals’ concrete practices and their relation to work are analyzed, and their relation to children’s autonomy and safety, and how they routinely categorize the children in particular. From these two aspects of work, the article shows the broad variety of practices found among the early childhood professionals, and how they daily steer between prescribed work norms and real work among the children.
« Aimer d’amour et aimer d’amitié, c’est pas pareil ! » Les représentations socialement différenciées des sentiments chez les enfants
Authors: Diter Kevin
Published: March 2021

Bien que les questions concernant les définitions de l’amour et de l’amitié reviennent fréquemment dans les discussions des enfants, très peu de choses existent sur la manière dont les filles et les garçons caractérisent ces deux sentiments et les distinguent. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique et d’un questionnaire de terrain, l’article souligne que la plupart des enfants âgés de 6 à 11 ans savent différencier l’amour de l’amitié. Alors que le premier est un sentiment perçu comme féminin et hétérosexuel, le second apparaît comme principalement homogame et neutre du point de vue du genre. Au-delà des attributs liés au sexe, la principale différence que les enfants opèrent entre ces deux sentiments concerne la présence ou non d’une proximité physique. Dès qu’une relation entre les enfants met en scène des bisous ou des câlins, elle est immédiatement requalifiée comme une relation amoureuse. Cependant, cette proximité physique ne constitue pas l’unique frontière entre ces deux sentiments. D’autres caractéristiques telles que le fait d’être toujours ensemble peuvent également être utilisées. Ce déplacement des frontières dépend des propriétés sociales des enfants et de leurs représentations différenciées des relations amicales et amoureuses.
En finir avec les sanctions physiques envers les enfants. Rapports différenciés à un nouvel interdit
Authors: Cartier Marie , David Marion , d’Halluin Estelle , Rafin Nicolas
Published: March 2021

Dans un contexte politique, militant et médiatique de disqualification du recours aux châtiments corporels, qu’en est-il des pratiques concrètes des familles ? Comment perçoivent-elles cette nouvelle norme éducative et dans quelle mesure l’appliquent-elles ou non ? Il s’agit, ici, d’interroger ce phénomène de normalisation éducative par une analyse des expériences et discours parentaux. À partir d’une campagne d’entretiens menés auprès de trente-huit parents d’enfants âgés de 2 à 15 ans, l’article met d’abord en évidence le profond discrédit qui entoure aujourd’hui le recours aux sanctions physiques éducatives, mais aussi la diversité des degrés d’adhésion à ce nouvel interdit éducatif qui, loin de s’expliquer par un facteur unique tel le genre ou la classe, engage bien d’autres dimensions des trajectoires individuelles. Cependant, tout discrédité qu’il soit, ce recours aux sanctions physiques éducatives perdure en pratique, dans certaines circonstances et en fonction d’arbitrages et de catégorisations des gestes parentaux et des comportements enfantins. Ces décalages entre les convictions morales et les pratiques éducatives quotidiennes génèrent un «travail de soi » dans différentes classes sociales dont l’article détaille les formes.
Politiques d’accueil du jeune enfant et d’indemnisation du congé parental. Schémas nationaux d’articulation en Allemagne, en France et en Suède
Authors: Collombet Catherine , Math Antoine
Published: March 2021

Les politiques d’accueil du jeune enfant et de congé parental font souvent l’objet d’analyses séparées mais répondent à un besoin commun, celui de la prise en charge des enfants âgés de moins de 3 ans. Or, c’est en les étudiant ensemble que l’éventail des possibilités sur la période pour les enfants et leurs parents peut être appréhendé, ainsi que la cohérence des deux dispositifs dans la couverture de l’ensemble de la tranche d’âge. Cet article examine si des schémas nationaux d’articulation entre ces deux dispositifs peuvent être mis en évidence en prenant l’exemple de trois pays, l’Allemagne, la France et la Suède. Il aboutit à distinguer la France, caractérisée par un schéma alternatif de recours à l’un ou l’autre de ces deux dispositifs, et la Suède et l’Allemagne, qui présentent un schéma successif.
Aspek Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pemboman Ikan dengan Bahan Peledak Potasium
Authors: Munir  , Juhriati
Published: March 2021

Maraknya pemboman ikan dengan bahan peledak potasium diwilayah perairan pesisir Indonesia menjadi masalah yang sangat serius dan menghawatirkan banyak pihak, tanpa campur tangan pemerintah maka tinggal menunggu kerusakan yang lebih parah akibat pemboman. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah harus segera melakukan antisipasi terhadap pemboman ikan karena dapat merusak biota laut seperti terumbu karang yang berdampak pada kerusakan lingkungan. Sebab aktivitas pemanfaatan sumber  daya perikanan yang tidak ramah lingkungan, dalam jangka pendek  akan punah.  Ekosistim laut saat ini terancam punah dan ekologi laut menjadi tercemar dengan zat yang sangat berbahaya. Salah satu bentuk pelanggaran hukum yang dilakukan oleh warga pesisir adalah melakukan pemboman ikan dengan bahan peledak jenis potasium. Metode penelitian hukum yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum Normatif. Bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum pelaku pemboman ikan dengan menggunakan bahan peledak potasium adalah sanksi bagi pelaku penangkapan ikan dengan bahan peledak potasium diancam dengan hukuman penjara paling lama 6 (enam) tahun dan denda paling banyak Rp1.200.000.000,00
Mniejszości narodowe i ich ochrona w prawie międzynarodowym w XX w. Kwestie definicyjne na przykładzie Polaków i Węgrów na Ukrainie
Authors: Illés Veronika
Published: March 2021

Problematyka mniejszości narodowych analizowana jest już od wielu lat. Pomimo uwzględniania różnorodnych podejść nie wypracowano jednak dotychczas jednolitej, powszechnie obowiązującej definicji. Występuje bowiem szereg czynników, które skłaniają ustawodawców do ochrony określonych cech danych grup społecznych. W artykule przeanalizowano czynniki umożliwające uzyskanie kompleksowego obrazu tego, co oznacza status mniejszości, ochrona mniejszości, a także zakres rozwoju ich praw w XX w. Współczesny kształt międzynarodowego prawa ochrony mniejszości ukształtował się po I wojnie światowej. W wyniku powstania nowych państw, przesunięcia granic zaistniało szereg nowych mniejszości. Dlatego też nieuniknione było uporządkowanie ich sytuacji w ramach uregulowań międzynarodowych. Niewątpliwie doświadczenie I wojny światowej zmieniło stosunek do mniejszości. Po II wojnie światowej dokonana została swoista ewolucja tego podejścia. Akcenty przesunięte zostały z praw zbiorowych na prawa jednostki i prawa człowieka, a prawa mniejszości znalazły się na dalszym planie. Problem ten został omówiony na przykładzie sytuacji w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej, przede wszystkim mniejszości polskiej i węgierskiej mieszkających na Ukrainie.
Bezpieczna tożsamość. Cele aktywności organizacyjnej mniejszości niemieckiej na Warmii i Mazurach
Authors: Gałęziowska Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka bezpiecznej tożsamości narodowej członków stowarzyszeń mniejszości niemieckiej na Warmii i Mazurach jako wytworu celowych działań tych stowarzyszeń. Bezpieczna tożsamość jest definiowana jako niekonfliktowa tożsamość narodowa, odpowiednia w warunkach złożonej przeszłości regionu. Powstaje ona w rezultacie bezpośrednich i pośrednich relacji komunikacyjnych i rzeczowych w stowarzyszeniach, jest podtrzymywana poprzez kontakty z organizacjami niemieckimi. Charakterystyka bezpiecznej tożsamości jest rezultatem analizy działalności stowarzyszeń mniejszości niemieckiej, zadeklarowanej w statutach i opisanej w czasopismach stowarzyszeń. W analizie treści uwzględniono wskazania na cechy kontaktów pośrednich i bezpośrednich, cechy przeszłości służące do kształtowania tożsamości oraz najważniejsze obszary działalności stowarzyszeń.
Bezpieczeństwo w wymiarze indywidualnym
Authors: Jakubiuk Martyna
Published: March 2021

nie dotyczy
Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
Authors: Liaszenko Sergio
Published: March 2021

nie dotyczy
THE ROLE AND PLACE OF STRESS-COPING BEHAVIOR IN THE FORMATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MALADAPTATION IN WIVES OF PATIENTS WITH PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Gerasimuk V.A. , Agisheva N.K.
Published: March 2021

In order to study the role and place of stress-coping behavior in the formation of psychological maladaptation in wives whose husbands are suffering from paranoid schizophrenia (PS). depending on the duration of the disease. on the basis of the «Vinnitsa Regional Psychoneurological Hospital named Yushchenko» surveyed 120 women. whose men were ill with PS and 50 women. whose men had no mental and behavioral disorders. The comprehensive examination included the use of clinical. psychological. psychodiagnostic and statistical methods of investigation. As a result of the study. the hypothesis about the presence in wives of patients with PS of the signs of mental. family. psychosocial and personality- behavioral disadaptation of different content and expression. the constellation of which constitutes a clinical picture of the holistic phenomenon of psychological disadaptation of women. can be confirmed. It implemented in two clinical and psychological variants: submaladaptive coupling-dependent. inherent in the wives of men with a duration of mental illness up to 8 years. and maladaptation separation-distance. inherent in the wives of men with disease duration from 8 to 15 years. In the course of the research it is proved that in the process of formation and dynamics of development and progression of psychological maladaptation the leading place belongs to stress-overcoming behavior. which is simultaneously its descriptor and predictor. The findings should be taken into account in the development of personalized psychological support measures for the wives of male patients with PS.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH A PRIMARY EPISODE OF BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER
Authors: Mysula Yu.I.
Published: March 2021

A comprehensive system of treatment and rehabilitation measures for the initial episode of bipolar affective disorder is proposed, which is implemented in three interrelated stages: a psychodiagnostic stage, which provides a comprehensive clinical and psychodiagnostic analysis to determine the clinical option; the stage of complex therapy, which involves the combination of psychopharmacology with normotymics, antidepressants, atypical neuroleptics with psychoeducation, compliance therapy, family therapy, work with comorbid mental and narcological pathology; and the stage of psychosocial rehabilitation and prevention, which includes supportive psychopharmacological therapy and psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation activities. We conducted a clinical psychodiagnostic examination of 88 patients with a primary episode of Bipolar Affective Disorder (PE BAD) who were treated at the Ternopil Regional Psychoneurological Hospital during the period 2011-2016 in compliance with the principles of biomedical ethics. The following groups were formed from them: 1) 34 patients with depressed variant of PE BAD, who received treatment according to the proposed scheme; 2) 33 patients with depressive variant of PE BAD who received treatment according to the traditional scheme; 3) 11 patients with a manic variant of PE BAD who received treatment according to the proposed scheme; 4) 10 patients with a manic variant of PE BAD who received treatment according to the traditional scheme. The results were compared in pairs in each of the clinical groups according to the clinical version of PE BAD. The evaluation was performed before the start of treatment and 6 months after the start of treatment in three main areas: dynamics of mental state (complete clinical remission, significant improvement of mental state, improvement of mental state, slight improvement of mental state); dynamics of changes in psycho-emotional state based on the results of evaluation using standardized psychodiagnostic tools (M. Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales, The Zung self-Rating Depression Scale, Bipolar Diagnostic Scale); the dynamics of quality of life indicators according to the Scale of Quality of Life Mezzich et al. in the adaptation of N.O. Maruta. The comparative analysis showed a higher effectiveness of the proposed therapy compared to the traditional relative clinical effect, normalization of the affective sphere and improvement of the quality of life of patients.
HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE OF CHILDREN WITH SHIGELLOSIS AND INFECTED WITH CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
Authors: Bukiy S.M.
Published: March 2021

A comparative analysis of the humoral immune response in shigellosis in 90 children aged four to ten years infected with cytomegolovirus (CMV) was performed. It was found that shigellosis in young children on the background of CMV infection is characterized by torpid changes in the parameters of the main classes of immunoglobulins in the dynamics of the disease. with the exception of serum IgG. The IgG content in patients with shigellosis and infected with CMV is significantly higher both in comparison with the control group. and in children without concomitant infection. The revealed features of the response of the humoral immune system can be an auxiliary diagnostic criterion for the infection of CMV in children with shigellosis. as well as the cause of the development of an unfavorable course of the disease. which requires further investigation.
The Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education
Authors: Crompton Helen , Song Donggil
Published: March 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is seeping into many aspects of our everyday lives, with common internet applications, smartphones and even household appliances. Within education, AI is a rapidly emerging field and there is a strong potential for AI to greatly extend and enhance teaching and learning in higher education (Crompton et al., 2020). AI is defined as “computing systems that are able to engage in human-like processes such as learning, adapting, synthesizing, self-correction and use of data for complex processing tasks” (Popenici & Kerr, 2017). In the Horizon Report 2020 report (Brown et al., 2020), AI is listed as one of six technologies with the potential for high impact in higher education. The Horizon Report (2020), is an annual publication that examines the major trends in educational technology that are shaping global higher education. This paper will highlight some of the ways AI is supporting both students and faculty members including bespoke learning, intelligent tutoring systems, facilitating collaboration, and automated grading. This is followed by a section on ethical implications.
Aportes de la revisión de literatura al diseño de una ruta de apropiación TIC, vinculada con el modelo tecnológico-pedagógico-disciplinar
Authors: Lopera Pérez Marisol , Arias Vanessa , Jiménez María Mercedes , Ospina Pineda Diana Patricia , Valderrama Muñoz Ángela María
Published: March 2021

La formación en tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) de docentes universitarios es uno de los retos para lograr la transformación digital. Ante esto, la investigación que acá se presenta está vinculada con la metodología de investigación basada en diseño, la cual propone como fase inicial una revisión de literatura, con el objetivo de reconocer los avances y las perspectivas teóricas referenciadas, y al mismo tiempo, aportar al diseño de una ruta de formación. En particular, la revisión de literatura se realizó en cinco fases, siguiendo criterios de búsqueda e inclusión, y utilizando diferentes ecuaciones de búsqueda en bases de datos; por su parte, a los documentos rastreados se aplicó análisis de contenido a luz de categorías establecidas a priori. Los resultados dieron cuenta de diversos instrumentos que permiten caracterizar las prácticas de los docentes, relacionadas con las TIC; además, posibilitan la aproximación al modelo Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), y a otras tendencias para el aprendizaje digital, reportadas por la literatura en los contextos nacional e internacional. Así mismo, se reconocieron elementos estructurales que se pueden incorporar en el diseño de una ruta de formación contextualizada, cuyo fin será aportar a la formación de docentes de la región para hacer un uso transformador y alternativo de las TIC en la educación superior.