bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencia estética y formulación científica: el caso del Harmonices Mundi de Johannes Kepler
Authors: Calderón Urreiztieta Carlos
Published: January 2019

La música como modelo explicativo del universo ha estado presente desde el mismo nacimiento de la reflexión filosófica. En el caso de Kepler, la música y la astronomía quedaban homologadas sobre la base de un único arquetipo geométrico, y por ello podían compartir sus observaciones, teorías e, incluso, emotividades. Las condiciones históricas que posibilitaron esta interconexión están fundamentadas en la sólida formación musical de Kepler, su interés por la polifonía de sus contemporáneos y, en especial, por la música de Orlando di Lasso. Visto así, una experiencia estética musical, permitió a Kepler configurar un marco de verdades sobre el que formuló y contrastó sus teorías; tal como puede leerse – y escucharse – en los mismos textos del Harmonices Mundi. Enlace fundamental para este ensayo: http://www.calderon-online.com/anuariomusical/kepler/
Estilo galante y sinfonías de F. J. Haydn en la capilla de música de la catedral de Santiago de Compostela durante el magisterio del Melchor López (1783-1822): la renovación del repertorio instrumental
Authors: Garbayo Montabes F. Javier
Published: January 2019

De manera paralela al desarrollo del magisterio de capilla ejercido por Melchor López en la catedral de Santiago de Compostela (1783-1822), se produjo la renovación de su orquesta hasta alcanzar de un modo estable los patrones del tipo básico de orquesta sinfónica clásica surgido con fuerza en Europa central años antes. Este hecho influyó en la música del maestro, formado en Madrid y admirador de la música de F. J. Haydn, donde el acompañamiento orquestal preciosista a las voces solistas y al coro, se convirtió en protagonista de la misma, posibilitando además la renovación del repertorio instrumental que se interpretaba en las funciones litúrgicas (Misas, Vísperas) y en otros momentos paralelos a los litúrigicos como eran las siestas que se celebraban durante el octavario del Corpus. Dentro de esta renovación, tuvo especial importancia la recepción del estilo de Haydn, cuyas sinfonías llegaron a la catedral en la década de 1790 y son quizá el elemento más representativo de la renovación de dicho repertorio.
Reflexión sobre algunos problemas de semitonía subintelecta (musica ficta) en la música de Cabezón a partir de las fuentes vihuelísticas
Authors: Bernal Ripoll Miguel
Published: January 2019

Las antiguas fuentes españolas para tecla no siempre indican con precisión las alteraciones accidentales, bien por omisión, bien por responder a la práctica habitual de no indicarlas, dejándolas al juicio del intérprete (semitonía subintelecta). Para resolver el consiguiente problema para la práctica interpretativa, se propone examinar situaciones similares en las obras contemporáneas para vihuela, pues la tablatura de este instrumento refleja la altura precisa de las notas.
Las características de los órganos italianos en la época de Antonio de Cabezón
Authors: Donati Pier Paolo
Published: January 2019

En 1548 Antonio de Cabezón fue capaz de hacer un viaje a Italia. En esa ocasión, él sin duda podría aprender y tocar el órgano italiano. Las nuevas fuentes y documentos inéditos, nos han permitido recientemente para identifi car un perfi l nuevo y confi able de los órganos de origen italiano. Eliminado los errores históricos, falsos de fecha y clichés, la adquisición de los datos técnicos distintos de los transmitida por tradición han abierto una nueva perspectiva histórica de la cual aquí se da cuenta. Ilustración actualizada de las características de los órganos del Renacimiento italiano sigue las directrices de la práctica interpretativa que derivan de ella y un enfrentamiento con los instrumentos españoles practicadas por Antonio de Cabezón.

[it] Le caratteristiche degli organi italiani al tempo di Antonio de Cabezón

Nel 1548 Antonio de Cabezón ebbe modo di compiere un viaggio in Italia. In quell’occasione poté sicuramente conoscere e suonare gli organi italiani. Nuove fonti e inediti documenti hanno recentemente permesso di delineare un nuovo ed attendibile profi lo degli organi italiani delle origini. Eliminati falsi storici, errori di cronologia e luoghi comuni, l’acquisizione di dati tecnici diversi da quelli tramandati dalla tradizione hanno aperto ad una nuova prospettiva storica di cui qui viene dato conto. All’illustrazione aggiornata delle caratteristiche degli organi italiani del Rinascimento seguono le indicazioni di prassi esecutiva che ne derivano, e un confronto con gli strumenti spagnoli praticati da Antonio de Cabezón.
Early Risk Detection of Pre-eclampsia for Pregnant Women Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Purwanti Endah , Preswari Ichroom Septa , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: January 2019

Pre-eclampsia still dominates maternal mortality cases in Indonesia. One effort that can be done is to establish early detection of the risk of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. Automated devices with high accuracy are needed to detect the risk of pre-eclampsia so that the maternal mortality ratio can be reduced. This study aims to design an early detection system for the risk of pre-eclampsia based on artificial neural networks. The system is designed with 11 input parameters in the form of risk factors and output in the form of positive or negative risk of pre-eclampsia. The classification tool used in this study is backpropagation neural network with cross validation scenario at the training stage. The advantage of this system is the weighting of risk factor parameters by obstetric and gynecology specialists so that the results of testing the device show high accuracy. In addition, the device for early detection of pre-eclampsia was also conducted by user acceptance tests for a number of pregnant women.
Cervical Cell Classification using Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) Based on Shape and Statistical Features
Authors: Dewi Erlinda Metta , Purwanti Endah , Apsari Retna
Published: January 2019

This research was conducted to design a system that is able to classify cervical cells into two classes, namely normal cells or abnormal cells. We use digital images of single cervical as research materials and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) as classification method.  Prior to classification, the nucleus areas of single cervical cell images were segmented and features were extracted. The features used in this study are 7 kinds of which consist of 2 types of feature, namely shape features and statistical features. The shape features used are area, perimeter, shape factor, and roundness of the nucleus, while the statistical features of the grayscale image histogram used are mean, standard deviation, and entropy. LVQ optimal parameter values based on the highest accuracy of training data, are learning rate 0.1 and learning rate reduction 0.5. The highest accuracy of system obtained from 45 testing data is 93.33%.
The Educational Application Of Virtual Laboratories In Archaeometry
Authors: Sypsas Athanasios , Kiourt Chairi , Paxinou Evgenia , Zafeiropoulos Vasilis , Kalles Dimitris
Published: January 2019

The digital cultural heritage field has been developing in parallel with modern archaeology by collecting and storing data from all aspects of field work, from excavations to virtual representations and to exhibitions, and by transforming data into knowledge and new services, ranging from supporting scientists to offering edutainment content. As an integral part of archaeology, the field of archaeometry deals with exploiting laboratory techniques and ICT tools to examine and analyze archeological findings. The present article briefly review works on the use of virtual environments in the digital cultural heritage field, and secondly reviews applications of virtual laboratories in archaeometry and, finally, based on the observation that virtual laboratories are now increasingly finding their way into education, to highlight the key aspects of a proposal to integrate virtual laboratories in Archaeometry education.
Discursive Construction of News Values in the Headline
Authors: Li Pingyan , Chen Mengxiao , Yang Jianxin
Published: January 2019

The paper makes a discursive analysis of the news value construction in the headlines of new media news. The data chosen is 59 news headlines on coverage of Zimbabwe Crisis released in the apps of BBC from November 6th to November 18th 2017. The data indicates a chronological variance of the news values in the headlines. Specifically, eliteness and negativity are values constantly occurring in the headlines throughout the crisis report. The value of positivity appears only at the final stage of the news coverage. The value of timeliness emerges at the final four days of the news coverage. The value of suspense appears at the middle stage of the event. The value of proximity is employed when the detention just occurred. In terms of the linguistic realization of those news values, the study finds that the frequent use of some words contributed to the realization of news values. This study is important in that it reveals how language resources are used by newsmakers to construct news value in the headlines and how news values are realized in the context of communication.
Factors Related to EFL/ESL Readers' Reading Strategy Use
Authors: Lin Jia
Published: January 2019

This Article systematically reviews the use of reading strategies among college-level English as a foreign/second language (EFL/ESL) learners and its relationship with two non-cognitive factors: gender and motivation. The author reviews empirical studies published from 2000 to 2017 in order to answer two research questions: (a) What gender disparities exist in college-level EFL/ESL learners' use of reading strategies? (b) How do motivation factors relate to college-level EFL/ESL learners' use of reading strategies? Findings indicate that: (1) motivation factors, including achievement goals, interest in reading, and self-efficacy, positively relate to reading strategy use. (2) gender has an influence on strategy use and female readers show higher use of reading strategies. (3) Interaction effects among factors exist. EFL/ESL learners' strategy use is shaped by multiple factors jointly.
Sidney Shapiro's Translatorial Agency
Authors: Liu Honghua
Published: January 2019

Translatorial agencies have gained wider currency in contemporary translation studies. Efforts have been made to delve into it from both translators' individual habits and the contextual elements of their work. But there is still relatively little work done on the variety of translatorial agencies exercised in different actual working conditions. Drawing on available studies and archival primary sources, this article tries to look into the development of translatorial agencies over time and space by uncovering the translator Sidney Shapiro's changeable textual, paratextual and extratextual agency in different translation networks in which he had been involved. The central argument of the article is that the extent to which translatorial agencies are influenced by other actors in the same network depends on whether the translator has the chance, ability, and willingness to negotiate with them.
A Review of the Oxford Chichewa-English/English-Chichewa Dictionary by Steven Paas
Authors: Galafa Beaton , Mulingo Madalitso , Nthara Mtende Wezi
Published: January 2019

This article reviews the Oxford Chichewa-English/English-Chichewa Dictionary compiled by Steven Paas, published in 2016 by Oxford University Press in Cape Town. Upon a review of the dictionary, a number of issues arise. The dictionary's significance rests in its use as reference material for language learners, its semantic precision and the relevance with which translation and other disciplines treat it. Regardless of its wide coverage of the Chichewa and English lexicons, the dictionary has a number of flaws which are misleading and confusing for the dictionary's users. Such errors include ambiguity over dictionary type, inclusion of proper nouns as lexical entries, lack of detailed grammatical information and silence on morphological typology among others. This paper, therefore, concludes that the dictionary leaves a lot to be desired and recommends that the next edition of the dictionary take into account the highlighted issues.
ADCPs on Surface Buoys: A Brief Look at Legacy Systems and Moving Forward
Authors: Cole Rick
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe discussion constantly comes up when planning an observing project, whether one system or multiple systems in an array: “Full water column current velocity and direction included in with all data streams is required,” usually surface meteorology, density,
and perhaps wave measurements are needed as well (a complete MetOcean sensor suite). Measuring currents means using acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP) in today's ocean observing world. Bottom-mounted systems are now standard and straightforward and the best approach for the cleanest
data sets. Surface-mounted ADCPs, on moving buoys, take some thought. Hardware is relatively easy; data processing is not so easy, at least not at first, until all that is involved below the waterline of the buoy is understood. The main reason for placing the buoy in the water in the first
place is to collect “good,” high-quality data. Here we look at some early applications where ADCPs (RD Instruments/Teledyne RD Instruments) were mounted on surface buoys and discuss some results and ideas on options moving forward.
Ocean-Bottom Strong-Motion Observations in the Nankai Trough by the DONET Real-Time Monitoring System
Authors: Nakamura Takeshi , Takahashi Narumi , Suzuki Kensuke
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe deployment of real-time permanent ocean-bottom seismic and tsunami observatories is significant for disaster mitigation and prevention during the occurrence of large subduction earthquakes near trough areas. On April 1, 2016, a moderate-sized suboceanic earthquake
occurred beneath Dense Oceanfloor Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) stations that were recently deployed in deep ocean-bottom areas near the Nankai Trough in southwest Japan. P-waves arrived at the ocean-bottom station within 4 s of the origin time, which was 6 and 13 s earlier
than the arrival of P- and S-waves at a land station in the coastal area, respectively; this implies earlier detection of strong motion than at land stations. However, the waveforms are amplified by sediment layers and even contaminated with acceleration offsets at some stations, which would
lead to overestimations during source investigations. Such amplification and offset did not occur at a borehole station connected to DONET. The amplifications caused by the sediment layers and the offset were found to have a considerable spatial variation, not only between the DONET stations
and land and borehole stations but also among the DONET stations, implying that the amplitude evaluation could be unstable. Therefore, procedures for correcting or suppressing the amplification and offset problem are required for conducting waveform analyses, such as magnitude estimations
and source modeling, during large subduction earthquakes.
Transforming A Good Institution Into Greatness
Authors: Sreeharan N.
Published: January 2019

No abstract available
Inferior petrosal sinus venous sampling in cushing’s syndrome: potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Pirasath S. , Aravinthan M. , Arthy H.
Published: January 2019

Evaluation of cause of hypercortisolism among patients with Cushing’s syndrome may be challenge for the clinicians (1). The identification between pituitary and ectopic ACTH Production is one of the most complex diagnoses in endocrine practice. Here we reported a rare case of Cushing disease which was diagnosed by Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) method. We report this case to highlight how IPSS helped to resolve the source of ACTH production.
Profound hypernatremia due to central diabetes insipidus in a child with lobar holoprosencephaly
Authors: Aravinthan B. , Srisaravanapavananthan N. , Kesavan V.
Published: January 2019

This case report presents a rare endocrine disorder highlights the significance of serum electrolyte measurement in children with congenital brain abnormalities presenting with convulsion. It also emphasizes the importance of careful urine volume estimation in diapered infants suspected to have polyuria.
Child with recurrent meningitis: Encephalocele causing anterior cranial fossa defect with CSF rhinorrhoea
Authors: Mayoorathy V. , Doluweera S.
Published: January 2019

Recurrent meningitis in children is potentially life threatening, causing long term morbidities and psychological trauma to the patient through the repeated hospital admission and multiple invasive investigations. Immune deficiency and bacterial migration along congenital or acquired pathways connecting CSF pathways to external surfaces are the two important aetiologies which should be taken into consideration1. We report a case of a boy who presented with recurrent meningitis due to defect in the anterior cranial fossa ethmoidal air cells.
Occurrence and prevalence of parasites associated with Gnathonemus senegalensis in Apodu reservoir, Malete, Nigeria
Authors: Oladipo S. O. , Sunday O. J. , Ogunbiyi D. C.
Published: January 2019

The prevalence of ecto- and endo-parasites of Gnathonemus senegalensis (Trunkfish) was determined with the view of quantifying the helminthic burden in Apodu reservoir, Malete. A total of 150 fish of G. senegalensis were caught with gill nets and cast nets between November 2017 and April, 2018. The fish were transported to the Parasitology laboratory, Kwara state University Malete, for parasite examination. The result shows a prevalence rate of 42% (n=150) with Camallanus sp. and Capillaria sp. having prevalence rates of 11.1 % and 60.32%, respectively. Diphyllobothriumlatum, Acanthocephalan sp., Neascus sp., Tetrahymena sp. and Chilodonella sp. had the prevalence rates of 46.03%, 20.63%, 30.16%, 19.05% and 20.63%, respectively. The ranges of physico-chemical parameters of the water body were: temperature (26.4 -26.9 oC); conductivity (66 – 83 μs/cm); pH (7.54 - 7.98); transparency (110 -402 cm); water current (0.04 -0.42 m/s) and total dissolved solids (34 – 44 ppm). The findings suggest that the observed parasitic infections may adversely affect the economic value of G. senegalensis and if not well managed, could also infect human beings who consume the fish.
The isolated beating heart as a model for stem cell transplantation studies
Authors: Pagliaro P. , Penna C. , Raimondo S. , Geuna S.
Published: January 2019

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Neurotechnologies and ethics
Authors: Tramonti F.R.
Published: January 2019

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Evolution of the pathways leading to synthesis and modification of DNA
Authors: Duranti T. , La Teana A. , Cacciamani T. , Volpe P.
Published: January 2019

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Evaluation of vascular increase and density in tumors: study method for an integrative biological parameter applicable to carcinosarcomas of the uterus
Authors: Fulcheri E. , Dellacasa I. , Maganza C. , Podestà G.
Published: January 2019

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Morphology of the male reproductive ducts of Clibanarius erythropus (Anomura Diogenidae)
Authors: Tirelli T. , Campanatico E. , Pessani D.
Published: January 2019

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Quality certification in research laboratories
Authors: Stauder M. , Musizzano Y. , Calafati P. , Rosso R. , Fulcheri E.
Published: January 2019

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Biological, biochemical and mathematical considerations about the use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the study of the connection between platelet fatty acids and major depression. Technical report
Authors: Cocchi M. , Tonello L.
Published: January 2019

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Analysis of ageing in rural communities: demographic aspects, dietary habits and inheritance of longevity
Authors: Salis N. , Girotti M. , Rabino Massa E.
Published: January 2019

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A case of bifid rib from the "G. Marro" egyptian osteological collection
Authors: Boano R. , Fulcheri E. , Rabino Massa E.
Published: January 2019

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Groups of fast homeomorphisms of the interval and the ping-pong argument
Authors: Bleak Collin , Brin Matthew G. , Kassabov Martin , Moore Justin Tatch , Zaremsky Matthew C.B.
Published: January 2019

We adapt the Ping-Pong lemma, which historically was used to study free products of groups, to the setting of the homeomorphism group of the unit interval. As a consequence, we isolate a large class of generating sets for subgroups of Homeo

_+ (I)

for which certain finite dynamical data can be used to determine the marked isomorphism type of the groups which they generate. As a corollary, we will obtain a criterion for embedding subgroups of Homeo

_+ (I)

into Richard Thompson’s group

F

. In particular, every member of our class of generating sets generates a group which embeds into

F

and in particular is not a free product. An analogous abstract theory is also developed for groups of permutations of an infinite set.
Presentations of categories of modules using the Cautis–Kamnitzer–Morrison principle
Authors: Wiggins Giulian
Published: January 2019

We study commuting actions of a complex reductive Lie algebra,

\mathfrak g

, and an algebra

A

on a finite dimensional vector space

V

. We outline how such commuting actions can be used to give a presentation of the category of

A

-modules isomorphic to

\mathfrak g

-weight spaces of

V

. This generalizes a result of Cautis–Kamnitzer–Morrison (2014) in the non-quantum setting. As examples, we apply this to classical Schur–Weyl duality and the Brauer Schur–Weyl dualities. In particular we obtain a diagrammatic presentation, in terms of generators and relations, of the category of permutation modules of the symmetric group,

S_d

. This is used to give a new description of the Kronecker product of the

S_d

-equivariant morphisms between permutation modules.
Osebni zaimki v funkciji osebka: pragmatični vidiki slovnične kategorije
Authors: Pisanski Peterlin Agnes , Mikolič Južnjič Tamara
Published: January 2019

S korpusno analizo je mogoče pridobiti relevantne podatke o slovničnih pojavih, na podlagi katerih se lahko oblikujejo poglobljeni slovnični opisi. Korpusna metodologija je posebej uporabna za slovnične raziskave, ki se osredotočajo na pragmatiko in variacije v rabi izbranih slovničnih elementov. Namen pričujoče raziskave je analizirati rabo osebnih zaimkov v funkciji osebka v slovenščini s pragmatičnega vidika in tako pridobiti nove podatke za bolj podroben opis rabe osebnega zaimka kot osebka v slovenščini. Slovenščina je jezik z opustljivim osebkom, kar pomeni, da osebka stavka v njej ni treba eksplicitno izraziti. Raziskava temelji na korpusni analizi korpusov Kres in Gos; narejena je bila s pomočjo spletne programske aplikacije za analizo besedil NoSketch Engine. Rezultati pokažejo precejšnjo razliko v pogostosti rabe osebnih zaimkov kot osebkov med govornim in pisnim diskurzom. Rezultati prav tako pokažejo, da število osebnih zaimkov upada z naraščanjem formalnosti. N podlagi funkcijske analize so izraženi osebni zaimki v najširšem smislu klasificirani v kategoriji razdvoumljanja in poudarjanja. V okviru razdvoumljanja na rabo osebnih zaimkov kot osebkov vplivajo oblikoslovni, skladenjski in diskurzni dejavniki, in tudi prenosnik. V kategoriji poudarjanja je prenosnik posebej relevanten dejavnik. Analiza pokaže, da je tematika osebnega zaimka kot osebka v slovenščini mnogo kompleksnejša, kot bi lahko sklepali iz dosedanjih opisov. Izsledki raziskave odpirajo nekatera zanimiva vprašanja glede rabe osebnega zaimka kot osebka v slovenščini v zvezi z dialektalno specifiko in v hibridnih internetnih žanrih, prav tako pa tudi vprašanja o vplivu lektorskih posegov in o vplivu usvajanja pismenosti.
Skladenjske konstrukcije med podredjem in priredjem
Authors: Smolej Mojca
Published: January 2019

V prispevku se najprej osredotočamo na različne tipe odvisniških stavkov in jih razdelimo v štiri osnovne skupine: v skupino odvisnikov, ki so del matičnega stavka, skupino odvisnikov, ki niso del jedrne propozicije matičnega stavka, skupino odvisnikov, ki so izhodiščno nestavčnočlenski, in skupino členkovnih odvisnikov. V nadaljevanju podrobno analiziramo zadnji dve skupini, saj sta bili do sedaj v slovenskem jezikoslovju skoraj popolnoma prezrti. Izhajajoč iz analize, predstavimo tudi možne nadaljnje teoretične obravnave odvisnikov.
Besednovrstna kategoriziacija kot slovnični temelj pomenskega opisa v slovarju
Authors: Snoj Jerica
Published: January 2019

V prispevku se obravnava besednovrstna kategorizacija s stališča navajanja besednovrstnih oznak v slovarskem opruiročniku za slovenski jezik na splošni ravni, veljavni ne glede na določeni slovarski koncept. Uvodoma je prikazana svojskost besednovrstnega kategoriziranja v slovnični teoriji, čemur sledi ponazoritev vloge besednovrstnega določanja leksikalnih enot znotraj slovarskega pomenskega opisa. Ob primerih za povedkovnik, členek in izdeležniške tvorjenke je prikazan razvoj besednovrstnega kategoriziranja v doslejšnjih slovenskih slovarjih in na osnovi tega so podane smernice za besednovrstno označevanje leksikalnih enot v prihodnjih slovenskih slovarskih priročnikih.
Formulaičnost v slovenskem jeziku
Authors: Dobrovoljc Kaja
Published: January 2019

Številne empirične raziskave povezovanja besed v jeziku razkrivajo, da je jezik prepreden z večbesednimi vzorci, ki vsaj na neki točki jezikovne rabe delujejo kot nerazstavljiva celota. To potrjujejo tudi dosedanje raziskave večbesednih enot v slovenščini, ki se običajno osredotočajo predvsem na strukturno ali pomensko zaključene enote, kot so kolokacije, stalne besedne zveze ali frazemi. Da bi omogočili bolj celovit vpogled v obseg in naravo formulaičnega jezika v slovenščini, ki bi ga bilo smiselno vključevati tudi v bodoče leksikalne in slovnične opise, v članku raziščemo alternativni koncept formulaičnih besednih nizov, tj. neprekinjenih nizov dveh ali več besed z izstopajočo pogostostjo pojavljanja, ne glede na njihovo strukturno, pomensko ali zaznavno celovitost. Predstavimo postopek identifikacije formulaičnih besednih nizov v referenčnih korpusih pisne in govorjene slovenščine, jih kvantitativno in kvalitativno analiziramo ter primerjamo. Velik delež identificiranih formulaičnih nizov v obeh korpusih dokazuje določeno stopnjo formulaičnosti, še zlasti v govorjeni slovenščini. Čeprav v obeh oblikah jezikovne rabe prevladujejo predvsem strukturno nezaključeni nizi funkcijskih besed, ugotavljamo več pomembnih razlik v skladenjskih in funkcijskih lastnostih najpogostejših nizov pisne in govorjene slovenščine, ki potrjujejo vpliv specifičnih sporazumevalnih okoliščin in ciljev na razvoj in obseg formulaičnega jezika.
Relaxation Interventions for Antepartum Mothers on Hospitalized Bedrest
Authors: Yeager Jenna
Published: January 2019

Women with a high-risk pregnancy on hospitalized bedrest engaged in relaxation interventions, including guided imagery, visual imagery, and listening to music. Qualitative interviews gathered their perspectives on the effects of hospitalized bedrest on well-being and the subjective experiences related to the relaxation interventions. Benefits identified included improved physical well-being and sleep. Such relaxation interventions were concluded to have the potential to positively influence the occupational well-being of this population, resulting in more positive outcomes for mothers.
Are we ready for terrorism? Emergency medical technicians' and paramedics' training and self-perceived competence since September 11
Authors: Clawson, MS Art , Menachemi, PhD, MPH Nir , Kim, MPH Unho , Brooks, MD, MBA Robert G.
Published: January 2019

The US continues to be a target for terrorist activities that threaten the lives of the populace. Training on preparedness and response for emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics is critical to the success of an early response to any such attack. Previous surveys have suggested that terrorism-specif-ic training has been modest at best since September 11. In order to gain further insight into emergency personnel’s level of training and competence, we sent surveys to 4,000 EMTs and paramedics in the state of Florida in late 2005 and early 2006. Results show a much higher level of training than previously reported from other states and suggest a direct correlation between the amount and type of training and self-reported competence. Our results suggest that most emergency personnel are receiving terrorism-specific training, but gaps in competencies exist and require the attention of educators and policymakers.
Triage in mass casualty incidents: Challenges and controversies
Authors: Briggs, MD, MPH, FACS Susan
Published: January 2019

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July/August 2007
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: January 2019

Vol. 2, No. 4
The utility of handheld ultrasound in an austere medical setting in Guatemala after a natural disaster
Authors: Dean, MD Anthony J. , Ku, MD Bon S. , Zeserson, MD Eli M.
Published: January 2019

Objective: To identify equipment needs, utility, clinical applications, and acuity of diagnoses made by hand-carried ultrasound (HCU) after a natural disaster.Methods: An HCU with four probes (curved array, linear array, phased array, and endocavitary) was taken to the site of a natural disaster in Guatemala as part of the relief effort after mudslides killed approximately 1,000 people. Ultrasound (US) scans were classified by transducer type, anatomic region, presenting complaint, and therapeutic urgency of treatment.Results: Ninety-nine patients received 137 US: 58 pelvic, 34 right upper quadrant, 23 renal, six other abdominal, five orthopedic, four cardiac, three pleura and lung, three soft tissue, and one focused assessment by sonography in trauma. Acuity of presenting illness: 23 percent 24 hours, 15 percent 1-14 days, 44 percent 14 days. Eighteen percent were performed in prenatal clinic. Results of US ruled in 12 percent with an emergent problem and excluded disease in 42 percent. In 14 percent, US diagnosed a problem needing f/u in 2 weeks, and 32 percent with a problem needing long-term observation. Transducer utilization was general purpose curved array 88 percent, linear array 10 percent, endocavitary 8 percent, and phased array 4 percent.Conclusions: HCU has a range of applications in an austere medical setting after a natural disaster. Most can be dealt with using a single transducer.
Pandemic preparedness and hard to reach populations
Authors: Vlahov, PhD David , Coady, MS Micaela H. , Galea, MD, DrPH Sandro , Ompad, PhD Danielle C. , Barondess, MD Jeremiah A.
Published: January 2019

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Effective healthcare system response to consecutive Florida hurricanes
Authors: Banks, DVM, MPH Laura L. , Shah, MD Mark B. , Richards, MD, MPA Michael E.
Published: January 2019

In September 2004, two consecutive hurricanes (Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne) made landfall in Stuart, FL, and created healthcare needs that overtaxed the capacity of the local healthcare system. To determine the character and structure of the response to these hurricanes, researchers from the University of New Mexico, Center for Disaster Medicine conducted both a structured written survey of employees and a guided group interview with healthcare system management. The written survey queried staff on topics related to their ability and willingness to get to work and stay at work during the storms. The roundtable interview with leadership resulted in analysis of the preexisting Emergency Operations Plan and its use during the storms, including preparation and execution of plans for staffing, facility operation, communication, community resource utilization, and recovery. In addition, the interaction with federally deployed Disaster Medical Assistance Teams was documented and reviewed. In general, prior planning on the part of the healthcare system in Stuart, FL, resulted in a successful response to both hurricanes. Employees were willing and able to provide the necessary care for patients during the hurricanes, overcoming many physical and emotional barriers that arose during the month-long response. These barriers included concern for the safety of family and pets, inoperable or insufficient communication methods, and damage to employees’ personal property and homes. Recommendations for healthcare system preparedness and response were formulated by the researchers based on this healthcare system’s successful response to back-to-back hurricanes, including recommendations for interacting with disaster medical resources.
Visual disability in selected acts of terror, warfare, and natural disasters of the last 25 years: A concise narrative review
Authors: Gee, MD Christopher J. , Bonkowske, MD Jeremy , Kurup, MD Shree K.
Published: January 2019

Objective: A review of ocular injury related to mass disaster over the past 25 years, including injury type, treatment, and final visual outcome.Design: Retrospective review.Main Outcome Measures: Injury types, treatment, and final visual acuity.Results: Acts of terror and war result in significant and increasingly more common ocular injury. Natural disasters were much less likely to cause lasting or permanent injury.Conclusions: Final visual acuity was rarely reported. Primary prevention is superior to treatment in acts of war and terror. Ocular injury is rarely reported by first response to natural disaster.
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure: Improving communication to reduce mortality during bioterrorism responses
Authors: Brandeau, PhD Margaret L. , Zaric, PhD Gregory S. , Freiesleben, PhD Johannes , Edwards, PhD Frances L. , Bravata, MD, MS Dena M.
Published: January 2019

Objective: To identify communication needs and evaluate the effectiveness of alternative communication strategies for bioterrorism responses.Methods: We provide a framework for evaluating communication needs during a bioterrorism response. Then, using a simulation model of a hypothetical response to anthrax bioterrorism in a large metropolitan area, we evaluate the costs and benefits of alternative strategies for communication during a response.Results: Expected mortality increases significantly with increases in the time for attack detection and announcement; decreases in the rate at which exposed individuals seek and receive prophylaxis; increases in the number of unexposed people seeking prophylaxis; and increases in workload imbalances at dispensing centers. Thus, the timeliness, accuracy, and precision of communications about the mechanisms of exposure and instructions for obtaining prophylaxis and treatment are critical. Investment in strategies that improve adherence to prophylaxis is likely to be highly cost effective, even if the improvement in adherence is modest, and even if such strategies reduce the prophylaxis dispensing rate.Conclusions: Communication during the response to a bioterror attack must involve the right information delivered at the appropriate time in an effective manner from trusted sources. Because the response system for bioterror communication is only fully operationalized once an attack has occurred, tabletop planning and simulation exercises, and other up-front investments in the design of an effective communication strategy, are critical for effective response planning.
Automated dental aging for child victims of disasters
Authors: Kieser, BDS, PhD, DSc, FDSRCSEd Jules , De Feijter, BCA Jacob , TeMoananui MDS, DOrth RCS Raymond
Published: January 2019

In disasters, one of the major challenges is the identification of the dead. This is complicated in cases where young victims and, sometimes, young survivors are involved. Often, there are no dental treatment records that can be usefully employed and, hence, identification has to be relied heavily on ageing. Developing teeth are generally considered to be the most reliable indicators of maturation and, by extension, of chronological age at death. This is because teeth are more durable, their degree of development can be observed directly from the living or deceased individual, and tooth formation is relatively unaffected by disease, malnutrition, or endocrine disorders. Unfortunately, the calculation of dental maturation and its conversion to a useful indicator of chronological age is a time-consuming process, which can be frustrating in the face of an overwhelming demand after a disaster such as the Thai Tsunami or Hurricane Katrina. The authors report on the development of a novel, automated “point and click” graphical user interface that can be used to calculate the age of a known individual from a simple dental radiograph. The authors apply the method to three ethnic populations living in New Zealand: children of European, Maori, and Pacific Island descent.
March/April 2008
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: January 2019

Vol. 3, No. 2
A unique role for dental school faculty: Telephone triage training and integration into a health departments’ emergency response planning
Authors: Fernandez, RDH, MPH Jill B. , Glotzer, DDS David L. , Triola, MD Marc M. , Psoter, DDS, PhD Walter J.
Published: January 2019

Objective: Dental professionals with proper training and integration into existing protocols for mobilization can be one additional re-source during catastrophic events. A pilot project on training of dental school faculty in telephone triage in the event of an avian flu pandemic is described. A partnership was established with a grant from the Department of Justice/Department of Homeland Security, between the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, and New York University to initiate a pilot program to increase the manpower resources available to the health agency should an overwhelming public health event be present in the New York City area.Methods: Eight faculties from New York University College of Dentistry were selected to receive telephone triage training consisting of 15 hours of formal presentations. This training was specifically designed to give participants a background in “outbreak investigations,” and included a mock influenza outbreak. Also, a “phone triaging” training during a surge event was practiced.Results: The training resulted in enabling alternative healthcare providers as capable personnel and one alternative source for a surge manpower pool. This was the innovative use of dental school faculty to bolster critically understaffed and overwhelmed areas in the NYCDOHMH infrastructure, such as call centers and for telephone triage, in their disaster scenarios, particularly in their response to avian flu.Conclusions: The established public health systems and medical community must understand the need to preplan for medical surge events and accept that a potential source of additional manpower could be the dental profession or other nontraditional healthcare personnel.
Bioterrorism versus radiological terrorism: Notes from a bio/nuclear epidemiologist
Authors: Goffman, MD, FACP Thomas E.
Published: January 2019

The antiterrorism and disaster planning communities often speak of the high potential for bioterrorism and possible potential for radioterrorism, specifically the explosion of a fission device on US soil. Information gained from an epidemiologist’s work in the national and international scene, which inevitably involves Intel regarding the cultures and subcultures being studied, suggest that bioterrorism is far less likely to be a major threat, that has been over-emphasized at the state level due to warnings from Homeland Security, and that Homeland Security itself appears biased toward bioterrorism of late with very little available rational basis.
Mortality and injury following the 2007 Ica earthquake in Peru
Authors: Doocy, PhD Shannon , Daniels, MHS Amy , Study Team Inppares-JHSPH-CUNY , Aspilcueta, MD, MPH Daniel
Published: January 2019

Objective. To quantify earthquake injury and mortality from the 2007 Ica earthquake in Peru and to assess earthquake-related risk and vulnerability.Design. A population-based cluster survey of households in the region most affected by the earthquake. A stratified cluster survey design was used to allow for comparison between urban, periurban, and rural areas, where different outcomes were anticipated as a result of variation in building practices and access to post-earthquake assistance. A total of 42 clusters of 16 households were planned to allow for comparison between the location types and to ensure adequate spatial coverage.Setting. The four affected provinces in Southern Peru: Ica, Pisco, Chincha, and Canete.Participants. A total of 672 randomly selected households with a combined population of 3,608 individuals, of which 3,484 (97 percent) were reported as household members on the day of the earthquake.Results. Mortality and injury rates in the four most affected provinces were estimated at 1.4 deaths/ 1,000 exposed (95 CI: 0.5-3.3) and 29 injuries/1,000 exposed (95 CI: 6-52). Older adults and members of households of lower socioeconomic status faced increased risk of injury. No significant differences in injury rates were observed between rural, urban, and peri-urban residence areas.Conclusions. Populations of lower socioeconomic status faced increased risk of injury; however, no differences in injury rates were observed between rural, urban, and peri-urban communities. Study findings suggest that earthquake preparedness and mitigation efforts should focus on population subgroups of lower socioeconomic in both rural and urban areas of earthquake- prone regions.
Humanitarian assistance and disaster relief: Changing the face of defense
Authors: Laraby, MD, MS, MPH, MBA, FACOEM Patrick R. , Bourdeaux, MD Margaret , Casscells, MD The Honorable S. Ward , Smith, MD, MS, CPE, FACOEM David J. , Lawry, MD, MSPH, MSc Lynn
Published: January 2019

The US Department of Defense (DOD) is evolving to meet new security challenges in the twenty-first century. Today’s challenges result from growing political, environmental, and economic instability in important areas of the globe that threaten national and global security. Immediate outreach to foreign nations in times of violent instability or natural disaster fosters security and stability both for the affected country and for the United States.Foreign humanitarian assistance (FHA) is a rapidly evolving military mission that addresses conflict prevention, conflict, postconflict, and natural disasters. With DOD’s extensive global medical resources, it is often uniquely qualified to execute a critical role in relief and/or public health efforts.When and how the American military will act in FHA and disaster relief is a still evolving doctrine with three issues deserving particular attention: aligning operations with host government leadership, preserving humanitarian space, and tailoring the US military’s unique resources to the specific political and medical situation at hand.The DOD’s response to a large-scale earthquake in Peru suggests useful approaches to these three issues, provides a template for future FHA mission, and points to strategic decisions and operational capabilities that need further development to establish the FHA mission firmly within DOD’s repertoire of security engagement activities.
Multiple information sources in the analysis of a disaster
Authors: Barnhart, DO Stephanie , Cody, DO Patrick M. , Hogan, DO, MPH, FACEP David E.
Published: January 2019

Objective: Disasters are complex events making epidemiologic studies and determination of accurate denominators difficult due to the poor nature of available records. However, these data are essential to perform useful calculations and accurate descriptions of disaster medical impacts. This study was undertaken to identify the availability and utility of various information sources in the analysis of a mass casualty disaster. In addition, characteristics of cases presenting for care are described.Design: This is a retrospective cohort study abstracting medical records and other documents relating to an explosion and fire. Public domain documents are obtained by written request or by filing a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request.Setting: A rural EMS and tertiary hospital.Cases: Individuals directly exposed to the forces of the explosion.Outcome Measures: The number of cases detected by various information sources. In addition, the demographics, dispositions, and nature of the physical injuries of the cases are reported.Results: Seven sources of case information were identified. The most cases were identified by investigative agencies (33) and the fewest by medical records (18). Rates include; injury 0.68, admission 0.20, and operative 0.14, with no deaths. Case locations during the explosion were determined for all cases. No association was noted between admission and location in the building.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the availability and usefulness of data in the public domain. Using FOIA requests or partnerships with public or private agencies may more clearly define denominator data in epidemiologic evaluations of disasters.
A decision framework for coordinating bioterrorism planning: Lessons from the BioNet program
Authors: Manley, PhD Dawn K. , Bravata, MD, MS Dena M.
Published: January 2019

Background: Effective disaster preparedness requires coordination across multiple organizations. This article describes a detailed framework developed through the BioNet program to facilitate coordination of bioterrorism preparedness planning among military and civilian decision makers.Methods: The authors and colleagues conducted a series of semistructured interviews with civilian and military decision makers from public health, emergency management, hazardous material response, law enforcement, and military health in the San Diego area. Decision makers used a software tool that simulated a hypothetical anthrax attack, which allowed them to assess the effects of a variety of response actions (eg, issuing warnings to the public, establishing prophylaxis distribution centers) on performance metrics. From these interviews, the authors characterized the information sources, technologies, plans, and communication channels that would be used for bioterrorism planning and responses. The authors used influence diagram notation to describe the key bioterrorism response decisions, the probabilistic factors affecting these decisions, and the response outcomes.Results: The authors present an overview of the response framework and provide a detailed assessment of two key phases of the decision-making process: (1) pre-event planning and investment and (2) incident characterization and initial responsive measures. The framework enables planners to articulate current conditions; identify gaps in existing policies, technologies, information resources, and relationships with other response organizations; and explore the implications of potential system enhancements.Conclusions: Use of this framework could help decision makers execute a locally coordinated response by identifying the critical cues of a potential bioterrorism event, the information needed to make effective response decisions, and the potential effects of various decision alternatives.
The current state of affairs for disaster planning for a nuclear terrorist attack
Authors: Goffman, MD, FACP Thomas E.
Published: January 2019

The author presents current thinking on the effects of an atomic bomb blast from a medical point of view and will argue that current US Federal plans for a nuclear disaster are simply crude, insufficient, disarticulated, and principally relies on martial law as a means of crowd control. The simple physics of a fusion reaction bomb is discussed along with the plans of other countries, apparently “secret” American plans, which show a poor knowledge of the physics of nuclear bombs as well as poor insight into what will be needed to help the maximum number of citizens. An alternative plan involving computer modeling and educating the public to the effects of a fission explosion are presented. The key issue of statewide planning is discussed, as the Federal government has dumped medical problems on “the local level.”