bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MORPHOGENESIS OF COLONIC ADENOMAS IN MICE TREATED WITH N.N′‐DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Nakamura Shin‐ichi , Kino Isamu
Published: December 2008

The morphogenesis of colonic adenomas in ICR mice treated with N,N′‐dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) was studied. Treatment of 17 mice with DMH (20 mg/kg/week) for 24 weeks induced 100% incidence of multiple adenomas in the mucosa of the most distal 7cm of the large intestine. These adenomas were composed of atypical epithelium of the absorptive cell type. Forty‐two single atypical gland lesions (single gland adenomas) were detected in the upper part of the mucosa by serial sectioning. These single gland adenomas consisted of atypical epithelium with a narrow lumen and showed endophytic growth to the lamina propria mucosae. Complete serial sections also revealed that single gland adenomas had no direct continuity of the surrounding crypts of Lieberkühn. Single gland adenomas developed into microscopic adenomas consisting of several atypical glands by branching of the small atypical glands. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 32: 473∼481, 1982.
DNA SYNTHESIS‐POTENTIATING ACTIVITY ON MOUSE THYMOCYTES OF SYNOVIAL FLUID OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS
Authors: Ise Kohei , Nakamura Shuji , Ohkawara Susumu , Yoshinaga Masaru
Published: December 2008

DNA synthesis‐potentiating activity in synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was studied in vitro by using phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated mouse thymocytes. The activity was present only in fluids obtained during the active RA phase, and no activity was noted in fluids obtained during the inactive RA phase or in fluids of osteoarthritis deformans patients. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 32: 491∼503, 1982.
ASPLENIA AND POLYSPLENIA SYNDROME
Authors: Shinohara Yasuyuki , Komiya Setsuro , Nakashima Akihiko , Nakashima Teruyuki , Takeuchi Sumitaka , Ono Eiichiro , Yukizane Shigenori , Tanaka Chihei , Matsuishi Toyojiro , Koga Tatsuo , Hieda Yoshio , Nakashima Hirobumi , Ichikawa Akira
Published: December 2008

This report described the morphological characteristics of seven cases of asplenia syndrome and three of polysplenia syndrome. Each syndrome has been characterized by a tendency for symmetric development of normally asymmetric organs, with varying degrees of cardiovascular anomalies. These latter anomalies are usually present in asplenia syndrome to a greater extent than in polysplenia syndrome. While, as observed in our material, the conotruncal anomalies were present more commonly in cases with asplenia, and absence of inferior vena cava with azygos continuation was seen specifically in all the cases with polysplenia. This evidence implied the presence of some pathogenetic distinction between the two syndromes. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 32: 505∼511, 1982.
AMYLOID DEPOSITS IN HEART VALVES
Authors: Iwata Takako , Nakamura Hidenori , Nagasawa Takaaki , Kamei Toshiaki , Fujihara Shigeyoshi , Yokota Tadaaki , Uchino Fumiya
Published: December 2008

Localized amyloid deposits were found in 44% of the surgically removed heart valves. They are recognized only in severely destructed valves and the manner of the deposition closely resembles that of aortic intimal amyloid. Although the amyloid fibril protein of the chronically diseased valves is still unknown, it may be neither protein AA nor AL, and another type of amyloid is suggested.
DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS AND ITS TISSUE CULTURE STUDY
Authors: Yoshida Haruhiko , Matsui Katsuaki , Hashimoto Kimio , Yumoto Tokichi , Mihara Motoyuki
Published: December 2008

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans arizing in the thigh of a 23‐year‐old female is reported with an investigation of tumor cell character by electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, immunological and in vitro tissue culture techniques. The tumor tissue showed histologically a peculiar storiform arrangement of plump spindle cells with dense proliferation. Electron microscope revealed histiocytic cell structures of some tumor cells; lysosomes, phagosomes, and sparse rough endoplasmic reticula. They revealed diffuse positive reactions to acid phosphatase (Ac Pase) and nonspecific esterase. Short‐time culture of the tumor tissue indicated rather round and polygonal cells admixed with spindle cells, positive to Ac Pase and non‐specific esterase with diffuse reaction. Most of the round cells possessed Fc and C3 receptors on their surface and phagocytic activity. Dermatoflbrosarcoma protuberans is probably a histiocytic tumor and structural characteristics of Schwann cells were not recognized.
AMYLOIDOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Kamei Toshiaki , Ishihara Tokuhiro , Fujihara Shigeyoshi , Nakamura Hidenori , Yokota Tadaaki , Imada Naoki , Akizuki Shin'ichiro , Iwata Takako , Uchino Fumiya
Published: December 2008

Clinical and pathological findings are reported in a Japanese girl who died of secondary amyloidosis associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis two years after the onset of symptoms. The patient had intermittent high fever, rheumatoid rash, polyarthralgia, and hepatosplenomegaly. The joints showed the typical histologic changes of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Amyloid deposition was found in various tissues; however, remarkable deposition of amyloid was observed in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the ileum. The amyloid protein in this patient was identified as protein AA using the methods of potassium permanganate treatment and the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase unlabeled antibody technique.
FULMINANT TYPE A VIRAL HEPATITIS IN A CHIMPANZEE
Authors: Abe Kenji , Shikata Toshio
Published: December 2008

A case of a chimpanzee with fulminant hepatitis caused by spontaneous hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection was reported. The liver at autopsy revealed massive liver cell necrosis with mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. Aggregation of HAV‐like particles (22–25 nm in diameter) were found within the vesicles of hepatocytes under the electron microscope. Immunofluorescent examination of the liver showed positive staining for HAV antigen, C1q, C3, C4, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the hepatocytes and/or Kupffer cells in a granular fashion. The anti‐HAV antibody (IgM type) and circulating immune complexes were detected in the postmortem serum. The present study suggests the possibility that the deposition of immune complexes of HAV and anti‐HAV antibody in the liver cell plays an important role in the pathogenesis of massive liver cell necrosis in fulminant type A viral hepatitis.
THE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SUBSTRATUM FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN MAN
Authors: Ih Seimei , Saitoh Shiu
Published: December 2008

Quantitative studies on the histological sections of the atria including sinoatrial (SA) node, SA junction and internodal preferential pathways in 12 hearts with long‐term atrial fibrillation (Af group) and in 43 hearts with no arrhythmia (control group) have been carried out. The control group was subdivided Into two age‐groups, the younger and older over 50 years for the age‐matched comparison with the Af group. In the Af group, markedly impaired contiguity of the SA junction, severe fibrosis and lipomatosis of atria were common precipitating factors. Regarding the ratio of SA nodal cells to the area of SA node, and patency of SA node artery, there were no significant difference between the Af group and age‐matched (older) control group. In comparison between the two control groups, decreased SA nodal cells, stenosis of SA node artery, impaired contiguity of the SA junction, fibrosis and lipomatosis of atria were more prominent in the majority of the older group than that of the younger. These findings suggest that the pathological lesions of the SA junction and the atrial myocardium in the Af group were the exaggerated aging changes, and these lesions may be the main anatomic substratum for Af.
ALPHA1‐ANTITRYPSIN AND ANTITHROMBIN III IN ATROPHIC NEPHRONS OF CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Yonezawa Suguru , Sato Eiichi , Kakinoki Toshiaki , Ohi Yoshitada
Published: December 2008

In a series of investigation to elucidate the roles of chemical substances in the atrophic process of nephron in chronic pyelonephritis (GPN), two protease inhibitors (PI) and enterobacterial antigen were examined by immunofluorescence (IF). Alpha‐antitrypsin (α1AT) was always found in the sclerotic glomerular tuft (GT) and along the thickened Bowman's capsule (BG) as well as the thickened tubular basement membrane (TBM) In every atrophic nephron of CPN. Antithrombin III (AT III) was always found along the Inside of thickened TBM in every atrophic nephron, but not found in the sclerotic GT nor along the thickened BC. No enterobacterial antigen was present in the sclerotic GT, thickened BC, and thickened TBM. Therefore, α1AT and AT III seem to play significant roles In the process of atrophy of nephrons as a different factor from the persistence of enterobacterial antigen which has been considered to be one of the progressive factors of GPN. AT III was easily dissociated from the thickened TBM after the Incubation in warm (37°C) 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline of various pH (pH 4.0, pH 7.2 or pH 10.0) and cold (4°C) or warm (37°C) 0.75 M hydrazine solutions of the same pH, while α1AT was not dissociated from the atrophic nephrons after the incubation In all solutions. These results may imply different processes of deposition between the two PI in the atrophic nephrons.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL CARBON MONOXIDE ENCEPHALOPATHY IN THE ACUTE PHASE
Authors: Funata Nobuaki , Okeda Riki , Takano Takehito , Miyazaki Yoshifumi , Higashino Fumio , Yokoyama Kuninori , Manabe Masanobu
Published: December 2008

The cerebral and cerebellar lesions of the cats that were exposed to 0.3% carbon monoxide gas under artificial respiration were examined by an electron microscope at different intervals. During the first few days, the most outstanding features were segmental empty axonal swelling, dilatation of the extracellular space, swelling and necrosis of astrocytes and oligodendroglias, and lamellar separation of the myelin sheath predominantly in the deep cerebral white matter. These changes subsided within one week. Instead, collapsed myelin increased in number and phagocytosis of disintegrated myelin was occasionally observed. Astrocytes and oligodendroglias became prominent in size and number. Changes suggestive of selective damage of myelin or oligodendroglia was not encountered. We proposed that GO‐induced experimental cerebral damage may be fundamentally an axonal injury followed by Wallerian degeneration. The pathogenesis of CO‐encephalopathy was also discusseed.
PATHOGENESIS OF 1,2‐DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE‐INDUCED CARCINOMAS IN RAT INTESTINE
Authors: Takemiya Masataka , Miyayama Haruhiko , Takeuchi Tadao
Published: December 2008

Seventy four white male Wistar rats were divided into two groups and given weekly subcutaneous injections of 30 rag 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH) 2HCl/kg body weight for 10 or 15 weeks, respectively, and the histological properties and distribution of DMH‐induced rat carcinomas were investigated. The carcinomas induced by DMH were classified mainly into mucin producing carcinomas and non‐mucln producing ones. In the large intestine, the group treated for 15 weeks induced significant incidences of mucin producing carcinomas composed mainly of cells containing intracellular mucin. Mucin producing carcinomas consisted of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma, and these often coexisted within the same tumor mass. Mucin producing carcinomas tended to develop in the proximal colon and caecum, while non‐mucin producing carcinomas were frequent in the distal colon. This method was thought to be a useful model to sudy glycoproteins of cancer cells.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF EARLY LESIONS OF PANCREATODUODENAL CANCER
Authors: Miwa Atsuo , Kitagawa Masanobu , Tsuji Masahiko
Published: December 2008

The early lesions of pancreatoduodenal cancer, which was defined as those in which the site of origin is confined in a single certain anatomical part and the mode of early extension can be pursued, were found in 28 of 52 surgical specimens examined; 12 in the pancreatic portion of the common bile duct (PCBD), 12 in the common channel, 1 each in the terminal portion of the common bile duct and the terminal portion of the pancreatic duct, and 2 in the peripapillary zone of the duodenum. There were roughly two types of tumor growth; one annular flat‐raised, histologically scirrhous tubular adenocarcinoma, principally found in PCBD and the other polypoid, histologically papillary or papillotubular adenocarcinoma, found everywhere. The staining properties of mucin was of no value in differential diagnosis for the site of origin. One typical carcinoid was observed in PCBD. The surface spread of carcinoma beyond the originating part was seen in 10 cases (36%), lymphatic invasion in 23 cases (82%), node metastasis in 9 cases (32%), and venous invasion in 6 cases (21%). Only 2 cases were mucosal carcinomas. From these figures it can be concluded that the carcinoma of this region is of high grade malignancy.
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME WITH DIFFUSE MESANGIAL IgM DEPOSITS
Authors: Kobayashi Yutaka , Shigematsu Hidekazu , Tateno Sumio , Hiki Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2008

The renal biopsies of three cases of nephrotic syndrome were examined by light, electron and immunofluorescent microscopy. The histological appearances were characterized by mild mesangial proliferation and extensive diffuse and global deposition of IgM in the mesangial areas, with some in the capillary walls. C3 and C1q were also identified in two of the cases. Electron microscopy revealed scanty electron dense deposits in the mesangial areas and subendothelial spaces. All three patients had a nephrotic proteinuria but no hematuria. None had hypertension or renal dysfunction throughout their clinical courses. They received steroid therapy and achieved complete remission within one month after the initial treatment. Two of them, however, have had frequent relapses whenever the dosage of steroid was gradually reduced. One case continues to be free of proteinuria. These cases indicate that a distinct disease may exist, because of the uniform immunofluorescent findings. We wish to designate it as IgM nephropathy.
UNUSUAL CYTOPLASMIC INCLUSION BODIES IN MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND
Authors: Kakudo Kennichi , Spurlock Benjamin O. , Miyauchi Akira , Kuma Kanji , Shimaoka Katsutaro , Matsuzuka Fumio
Published: December 2008

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid from a 43‐year‐old patient showed 4 types of unusual cytoplasmic inclusion bodies ultrastructurally. Type 1 inclusion is composed of rod and doughnut‐shaped bodies aggregated In the cytoplasma and not enclosed by a limiting membrane. Typical neurosecretory granules are intermingled with the rod and doughnut‐shaped bodies. The doughnut‐shaped bodies often have an electron dense core which is similar to the neurosecretory granules. The rod‐shaped bodies are bounded by trilaminar unit membrane and have a slightly electron dense matrix. A centriole is often found associated with this type of inclusion. Type 2 inclusion is composed of small secretory granules and clear vesicles. These inclusions can be found either with or without surrounding membrane. Type 3 inclusion is a large osmiophilic body, or secondary lysosome, in which some degenerated organelles are discernible. Type 4 inclusion is a fragmented nucleus with condensation and margination of the chromatin, so‐called karyorrhexis. Routine hematoxylin and eosin sections did not show each type of inclusion but semithin sections stained with Paragon suggested 4 different types of inclusions. Type 3 and 4 inclusions represent forms of degeneration and cell death in the tumor cells and probably represent a remote effect of radiation. Type 1 inclusion is not commonly associated with cell death and may represent a unique organellar aberration in these tumor cells. Type 2 inclusion is simply an aggregation of secretory granules and clear vesicles.
A BREAST CARCINOID TUMOR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY
Authors: Kaneko Hiroshi , Sumida Toshiko , Sekiya Masao , Toshima Muneatsu , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Naito Keishi
Published: December 2008

A case of a carcinoid tumor of the left breast of an 83‐year‐old male is reported. On light microscopy the tumor showed the classical pattern of a carcinoid tumor. Neurosecretory granules were verified ultrastructurally, membrane‐bound, about 180 nm in diameter, and possessing electron‐dense contents. Some tumor cells had long slender cytoprocesses with small clear round granules other than neurosecretory ones.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF LIVER LESIONS IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Tobe Kazuo
Published: December 2008

An 80 μm bile duct with typical features of chronic non‐suppurative destructive cholangitis was examined by electron microscopy. Many inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells infiltrated among epithelial cells of the bile duct. Epithelial cells were compressed and deformed by infiltrating lymphocytes. These lymphocytes were in contact with epithelial cells at small points or large areas. The intercellular distance was about 10 or 20 nm at the contact areas. The mode of contact and intercellular distance coincided with the results of in vitro experiments on lymphocyte cytotoyicity against target cells. Some epithelial cells in contact with lymphocytes showed degenerative changes. Necrotic changes were observed in bile duct epithelial cells undergoing emperipolesis. The invading lymphocyte in the epithelial cell had osmiophilic substances on the surface. These sites of emperipolesis seem to be the areas of lymphocyte cytotoxicity against epithelial cells.
IMMUNE COMPLEX‐MEDIATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS AND INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA SIMULATING GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME
Authors: Fukuda Yuh , Yamanaka Nobuaki , Ishizaki Masamichi , Suzuki Tsunemichi , Masugi Yozo , Yajima Gompachi , Nagata Tsutae
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of what was clinically considered to be Goodpasture's syndrome was Investigated. The lung had hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonia, showing granular patterns of IgG and C3 along the alveoli by the immunofluo‐rescent method and electron‐dense subepithelial deposits by electron microscopy. The kidney had crescentic and segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis associated with membranous nephropathy. Uneven, continuous patterns of immunofluorescent IgG and C3 along the GBM were noted. Electron microscopy showed numerous subepithelial deposits, and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that IgG was not present in the GBM itself but present in the subepithelial deposits. Anti‐GBM antibody activity was not detected in the serum or the kidney eluate. It was suggested that renal and pulmonary lesions occurred through the same mechanism and in association with immune deposits. We propose that there is a disease having immune complex‐mediated renal and pulmonary lesions which clinically resembles the conventional Goodpasture's syndrome.
AN ETIOLOGICAL STUDY ON RENAL ADENOMAS
Authors: Ohmori Takaaki , Murata Yoshio , Kitamura Hajime
Published: December 2008

An etiological study on renal adenomas with specific references to dysplastic tubular lesions and adenocarcinomas was made, concentrating on histo‐pathological and statistical surveys. Seventy‐two unilateral kidneys obtained at random in autopsy cases were examined macro‐ and microscopically on the consecutive sliced sections. Adenomas were found frequently in the cortex of 15 cases (20.8%), and particularly dysplastic tubular lesions were considerably associated with adenomas and detected even more frequently in 26 cases (36.1%), whereas fibromas in the medulla of 8 cases (11.1%). Most of the adenomas (86.7%) were found in nephrosclerotic kidneys; i.e., in vascular nephrosclerosis (53.4%), chronic pyelonephritis (13.3%), and in end‐stage kidneys. The morphological feature of adenoma cells were also confirmed in the dysplastic tubular epithelial cells. These data imply that long‐term renovascular and/or renostromal damages may induce dysplastic tubular lesions and further act as important enhancing or promoting factors on adult renal oncogenesis from the cortical tubular epithelium.
ASCENDING PYELONEPHRITIS WITH PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN MICE
Authors: Tanaka Noriko , Une Tsutomu , Ogawa Hidemasa
Published: December 2008

Elastase‐ and protease‐ producing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced ascending pyelonephritis in mice by intracystic challenge. The pelvis was the site of primary foci development and necrotic, purulent lesions spread from the pelvis to the perihilar area and to the cortex. Severe necrosis was a characteristic of the present infection and caused systemic infection and host death without the development of chronic lesions. In animals challenged with inocula great enough to destroy the cystic mucosa, immediate hematogenous systemic infection without cellular responses led to host death.
FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA OF THE NASAL CAVITY AND MAXILLARY SINUS
Authors: Tanaka Toshio , Saito Ryusuke , Kajiwara Masayuki , Soh Seigo , Hashimoto Kimio , Yumoto Tokichi
Published: December 2008

Two cases of fibrous histiocytoma were presented; Case 1: a 46‐year‐old man with a tumor filling the left nasal cavity and maxillary sinus, and Case 2: an 80‐year‐old man with a tumor of the right maxillary sinus destroying its surrounding wall. Histologically, the former was dominated by storiform pattern and onion‐like structures, and the latter by osteoclast‐like multinucleated giant cells. After radical surgery, Case 1 was free of recurrence for more than one year, and Case 2 showed recurrence although still maintaining fairly good health. A total of 29 cases hitherto reported arising in the nasal, paranasal and nasopharyngeal regions were reviewed, pitfall of differential diagnoses was commented especially in our two cases, criteria of malignancy were discussed, and the necessity of repeated samplings was emphasized because of paucity and unfamiliarity of fibrous histiocytoma arising, in particular, from the upper respiratory tract.
BRONCHIOLO‐ALVEOLAR ADENOCARCINOMA WITH MULTIPLE CYSTS
Authors: Imai Shunsuke , Sekigawa Susumu , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Tsubura Yoshihiko , Miyanaga Michiyo , Narita Nobuhiro , Mikami Riichiro
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of bronchiolo‐alveolar adenocarcinoma in the lung is reported. The patient is a 70‐year‐old male who complained of severe cough with 500–600 ml watery sputum a day, loss of weight, and general fatigue. Autopsy revealed numerous whitish tumors in various sizes with multiple cysts in both lungs, with no metastasis being found in any other organs. Histological findings identified the tumor as a bronchiolo‐alveolar adenocarcinoma originating from the lungs. Electron‐microscopic findings showed that the tumor cells were covered by prominent microvilli, and contained abundant irregulary‐shaped cytoplasmic vacuoles suggestive of mucin.
CREUTZFELDT‐JAKOB DISEASE WITH DEMONSTRATION OF VIRUS‐LIKE PARTICLES
Authors: Shibayama Yuro , Sakaguchi Yoshikazu , Nakata Katsuji , Goto Toshiyuki , Nakai Masuyo , Takai Tsuneo , Shirakata Seiya
Published: December 2008

Two kinds of virus‐like particles, doughnut‐shaped particles and particles with dense core, were discovered in a brain tissue from a patient with Creutz‐feldt‐Jakob disease. The two types of virus‐like particles are similar to immature type C and type C particles. Although no direct relationship between Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease and these virus‐like particles can be established, these facts may suggest that viruses play some role in the pathogenesis of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY ON THE RELEASE REACTION OF THE PLATELET
Authors: Kawaguchi Yukihiro
Published: December 2008

The ultrastructural changes of human or rabbit platelets in response to release inducers I were studied by using isolated cells from the respective platelet rich plasma. The changes of platelets were more dynamic in ADP than those in epinephrine and endotoxin though common changes occurred in all cases. In the platelets on release reaction, there were well preserved alpha‐granules and the disappearance of very dense granules accompanied by simultaneous appearance of round vesicles. The contraction wave of the microtubules rarely occurred and the microfibrils increased in amount in the cytoplasm of platelets. The canalicular system in response to ADP alone is morphologically interpreted as the open canalicular system. On the other hand, epinephrine and endotoxin did not cause obvious morphological changes of the open canalicular system. When the contents of very dense granules alone were discharged leaving the round vesicles behind in the release I, it seems likely that the microfibrils play a more important role than the microtubules. Furthermore, the author suggests that the dense tubular system or third canalicular system may play an essential role for the release I as a secretory pathway in place of the open canalicular system.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY ON THE RELEASE REACTION OF THE PLATELET
Authors: Kawaguchi Yukihiro
Published: December 2008

The ultrastructural changes of the platelets stimulated by release inducers II such as thrombin, collagen, and latex particles were studied to compare the differences in morphology of release I and II. The characteristics of platelets in response to thrombin were the decrease in number of alpha‐granules and marked dilation of the open canalicular system containing fibrin preceded by the disappearance of very dense granules. In the platelets in response to collagen or latex, the release of alpha‐granules was initiated after taking the particles into the open canalicular system. In all of the cases, the amount of microfibrils was seen in the cytoplasm, while contraction wave of the microtubules was rare in the cytoplasm during the release and uptake of particles. Accordingly, the release of very dense granules seems to be followed by that of alpha‐granules. It is suggested that the microfibrils play a more important role than the microtubules in the release II as well as release I. Furthermore, the contents of alpha‐granules may be discharged via the open canalicular system on the release II by thrombin, collagen or latex particles.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF HEPARIN, UROKINASE, AND ANCROD ON INTRAGLOMERULAR COAGULATION INDUCED IN PROGRESSIVE MASUGI NEPHRITIS
Authors: Dohi Kazuhiro , Fujioka Masahiko , Nakamoto Yasushi
Published: December 2008

Effects of heparin, urokinase, and ancrod were concurrently compared on intraglomerular coagulation using a model of progressive Masugi nephritis. Evaluations were performed with light and immunofluorescent microscopy. Treatment significantly reduced crescent formation, more markedly with ancrod. In contrast, endocapillary proliferation was enhanced in the groups treated with urokinase and, especially, ancrod. Ancrod appeared to be most effective in decreasing the glomerular deposition of fibrinogen‐related materials as judged from the immunofluorescence, and a relatively high dose was required for urokinase to be comparable with ancrod. However, in some glomeruli from two of 13 animals given ancrod, mesangiolytic lesion developed. Thus, although promising, ancrod has many problems to be solved before using it to control endocapillary proliferation and mesangiolysis.
NODULAR HYPERPLASIA WITH A CENTRAL TELANGIECTATIC FIBROSIS IN THE LIVER OF NON‐CIRRHOTIC PORTAL FIBROSIS (IDIOPATHIC PORTAL HYPERTENSION)
Authors: Nakanuma Yasuni , Wada Michiko , Haratake Joji , Ohta Goroku
Published: December 2008

Unusual nodules of hyperplastic hepatocytes were found In the liver of a 64‐year‐old woman with non‐cirrhotlc portal fibrosis (idiopathic portal hypertension). These nodules were subdivded by stellate fibrous tissues which, in the center of the nodules, contained conspicuous telangiectatic lesions with congestion. The latter was consisted of markedly dilated sinusoids and fibrosis of their walls either in a lack of hepatocytes or with severly atrophic hepatic column. The lesions were different from already described focal nodular lesions in the liver. No drugs and chemicals could be identified as the causative agents. The small arterial changes, namely, hyalinization and thickening of their walls and luminal narrowing or occlusion, were found In the nodular lesions and also in the remaining hepatic tissues, and might be a causative factor for the nodular lesions.
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA COMBINED WITH HEPATIC MESENCHYMAL CELL TUMOR AND SARCOMA
Authors: Kimoto Tetsuo , Ugaki Masaaki
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of hepatocellular carcinoma combined with sarcoma and mesenchymal cell tumor or cholangiole cell carcinoma is presented. The main tumor nodes in the liver consisted of hepatocellular carcinoma and sarcoma. Extrahepatic metastases showed characteristics of monocytic or reticulum cells and hemangioendothelial sarcomas. In this report, some problems concerning hepatocellular carcinoma and sarcomatous representation of the liver tumor are proposed. Differentiation to the monocytemacrophage‐like cells and a reticulum cell pattern were present in the metastatic locations. Thus strongly suggesting that the sarcoma may have arisen from mesenchymal cells, particularly from the Kupffer cells or endothelia consisted of the sinusoid. However, mesenchymal tumor from cholangiole cells might be associated in a part of the sarcomatous cells.
PULMONARY LESIONS IN RATS CAUSED BY INTRAVENOUS INJECTION
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroaki , Imai Shunsuke , Okuyama Takazo , Tsubura Yoshihiko
Published: December 2008

Sprague‐Dawley rats in a chronic toxicity test revealed specific pulmonary lesions after 180 days of intravenous injection of samples via the tail vein. Microscopically, thickening of arterial walls, periarteritis, edema of perivascular sheath, arteriosclerosis, vasodilatation, arteriofibrosis, abscess and necrosis of arterial walls, embolism and thrombus of small muscular artery or alveolar capillary, and granulomas sometimes accompanying giant cells were found in the lungs. The emboli consisted of hair of the rats, and granulomas with multinucleated giant cell formation and cellular infiltration were prominent around the emboli. The thrombi was characterized by perivascular cuffing, fibrinous and cellular components. These pulmonary lesions are thought to be caused by hair brought from the tail when intravenous injection was carried out.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON ACUTE INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS
Authors: Okamura Akiharu , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Ohnishi Yoshihisa
Published: December 2008

Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies on two autopsy cases of acute Interstitial pneumonitis caused probably by anticancer agents and intravenous hyperalimentation were reported. SEM revealed clearly the light microscopic findings of acute interstitial pneumonitis; hyaline membrane, Masson body, and glandular metamorphosis. Additionally an organization‐process of Masson body and the relationship between Masson body and hyaline membrane were shown by SEM. TEM revealed three kinds of myelin‐like lamellate structures in the alveolar exudates of both cases, and they were associated with the lamellar body of the B (type II) alveolar epithelium and the secretory granules of Clara‐like cell. The myelin‐like lamellate structures might suggest the degree of alveolar damage.
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE
Authors: Nagata Kazuto , Irie Koji , Morimatsu Minoru , Nakashima Teruyuki , Eriguchi Naofumi , Koga Michihiro
Published: December 2008

A case of a 66‐year‐old male with rhabdomyosarcoma of the right ventricle who presented first with a pleuritic chest pain and later developed congestive heart failure with A‐V block is described. The total period of the disease was about 9 months. At autopsy the right ventricle and wall were found to be replaced by tumor tissue which was diagnosed histologically as rhabdomyosarcoma of the alveolar type. We described one case and 52 rhabdomyosarcomas of the heart from the literature; the ages ranged from 3 months to 92 years with 29 men and 23 women (unknown 1). The primary lesions were right ventricle 29%, right atrium 26%, left atrium 24%, left ventricle 6%, and others 15%.
PELIOSIS HEPATIS Report of Two Autopsy Gases with a Review of Literature
Authors: Asano Shigeyuki , Wakasa Haruki , Kaise Shunji , Nishimaki Tomoe , Kasukawa Reiji
Published: December 2008

Two cases of peliosis hepatis, treated with a large dose of predonine for aplastic anemia and multiple myeloma, respectively, were reported. Case 1 showed no abnormal liver function, but, in Case 2 hepatomegaly, retention of ICG, and elevation of LDH level despite of normal serum transaminase were noted. In both cases, peliotic lesions were incidentally observed at autopsy. In Case 1, the lesion was localized in the right lobe only, but, in Case 2 the lesion was present throughout the entire lobes of the liver involving also a part of the spleen and bone marrow of the sternum. Innumerable blood‐filled cavities were surrounded by incomplete reticulin or injured hepatocytes. In smaller lesions observed in Case 1, focal necrosis, hemorrhage, inflammation, and thrombi were prominent features. On the other hand, in extensive lesions, as in Case 2, a marked liver cell dissociation with sequent irregular reticulin arrangement was present. Though the etiology of peliosis hepatis is still uncertain in these cases, it was assumed that a large dose of predonine might have some correlation to the occurrence.
IDENTIFICATION OF IMMUNE‐COMPLEX DEPOSITION AND T‐LYMPHOCYTE IN FULMINANT B‐VIRAL HEPATITIS WITH IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Abe Kenji , Shikata Toshio , Katsuhara Norimichi , Shiraki Masahiro , Naitoh Katsuyoshi , Kawaoi Akira
Published: December 2008

Cryostat sections of the liver representing fulminant B‐viral hepatitis were investigated with antisera against human immunoglobulin G(IgG), immunoglobulin M(IgM), C3, C4, C1q, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and T‐lymphocytes using the immunofluorescence and immunoperoxldase techniques. The liver showed positive staining for IgG, IgM, C3, C4, C1q, and HBsAg in the viable and necrotic hepatocytes and Kupffer cells in a granular fashion. Furthermore, the cell membrane of lymphocytes present in the liver were positively stained with anti T‐lymphocyte sera. The numbers of T‐lymphocytes recognized were predominant both in portal tracts and within hepatic lobules over those of non‐T‐lymphocytes. It suggests that perhaps some of the end results of fulminant hepatitis inflammatory reactions may be mediated in part by T‐lymphocytes.
FATAL NEONATAL NEMALINE MYOPATHY
Authors: Matsuo Takeshi , Tashiro Takayoshi , Ikeda Takayoshi , Tsujihata Mitsuhiro , Shimomura Chieko
Published: December 2008

Nemaline myopathy was first reported in 1963 and has been considered to be a congenital, non‐progressive myopathy with weakness since birth. However, severe forms leading to death in infancy have been rarely reported. Recently we necropsied a female infant with fatal neonatal nemaline myopathy who required mechanical ventilatory support immediately following delivery. She had suffered from recurrent penumonia and died at five months of age. Light and electron microscopic studies on both muscle biopsy and autopsy specimens were diagnostic of nemaline myopathy. Characteristic rodlike structures were demonstrated within skeletal muscles, and accumulations of thin filaments were seen in numerous muscle fibers. The origin of these structures in the Z‐disks and other morphologic features were the same as those of the rods occurring in congenital cases of rod myopathy. No involvement was observed in the cardiac muscle or in the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. It is likely that involvement of the skeletal muscles of the pharyngeal areas, intercostal spaces, and diaphragm might have contributed to the difficulty in swallowing and respiratory distress.
SUDDEN DEATH DUE TO INFANTILE PANCREATITIS
Authors: Tada Toyohiro , Wakabayashi Takashi , Kishimoto Hidemasa , Nishino Rikio , Hayashi Katsuji
Published: December 2008

The autopsy of a 10‐month‐old infant girl who died suddenly after a 2‐day illness revealed acute pancreatitis and DIG. While the definitive etiology remains unknown, retention of pancreatic juice accompanying proliferation of papillary epithelium within the pancreatic duct adjacent to the ampulla Vater was suggested. Acute interstitial pancreatitis was assumed to have resulted from suppurative inflammation of the pancreatic duct. DIC was probably caused by the release of pancreatic enzymes.
CLASSIFICATION AND CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES OF PRECANCEROUS LESIONS IN THE DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY TRACTS
Authors: GBUNDMANN Ekkehard
Published: December 2008

The adequate appraisal of precancerous changes is of the utmost importance in our everlasting fight against cancer, and its socio–rnedical relevance is acknowledged world–wide. In every country where epidemiologists register a rising incidence of malignant neoplasms, endeavours must focus not only on the early diagnosis of existing cancers, but even more on detecting the signs of coming tumors. That is why today the precancerous lesions are a main point of interest in cancer research all over the world for pathologists, radiologists, surgeons, obstetricians, etc. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 195–217, 1983.
RETARDED MESANGIAL TRANSPORT AND ITS PATHOMORPHOLOGIC SEQUELAE IN HUMAN AND EXPERIMENTAL RENAL DISEASES
Authors: MASUGI Yozo , MASUDA Yukinari , SATO Shigeru , ISHIZAKI Masamichi , SAWAGUCHI Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Human renal biopsy specimens (472 cases) from varied kidney diseases, especially minimal glomerular change group and other idiopathic glomerular diseases having nephrotic manifestation of mainly juvenile individuals, showed morphologic evidence of paraarterial deposits of afferent arterioles at the glomerular entrances in more than 50% of examined cases. Because these deposits were often accompanied with concomitant mesangial, intraarterial and subendothelial deposits of afferent arterioles, it was felt that retarded mesangial transport which is ordinarily associated with certain glomerular diseases might be an important factor to produce these particular paraarterial deposits. The referred deposits of minimal glomerular change group cases were thought to predispose the occurrence of focal sclerotic capillary lesions at the vascular poles of glomeruli. The experimental chronic nephrotic rats produced by daily administration of aminonucleoside of puromycin revealed mesangial dysfunction with increased uptake and retarded disposal of secondarily overloaded aggregated human gamma globulin at mesangial areas in glomeruli. Besides, the increased deposits of autologous serum proteins in mesangial areas and arteriolar walls were common findings in those rats, and these deposits were observed to be always preceded to the occurrence of segmental sclerotic changes of glomeruli, which were often associated in the later stage of this experiment. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 219∼236, 1983.
EARLY STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPLACENTALLY INDUCED GLIOMA WITH ETHYLNITROSOUREA IN RATS
Authors: IKEDA Takayoshi , MATSUO Takeshi , KOHNO Shigeru , TASHIBO Takayoshi , MAEBA HirosH
Published: December 2008

Proliferative activity of possible preneoplastic cells (subependymal cells and glioblasts), early neoplastic cells and glioma cells induced by transplacental ethylnitrosourea (ENU) treatment in the rat was analysed by historadioautography and electron microscopy. Labeling index of 2H–thymidine in subependymal cells was the highest in the cerebrum of postnatal age, but no difference was observed between the normal and ENU treated groups. Thus, preneoplastic cells could not be distinguished from normal cells by morphology and proliferative activity. Focus of early neoplastic proliferation was composed of rather heterogenous and less differentiated cells, such as oligodendroblast–, glioblast– and subependymal cell–like cells, and preferentially located around the periventricular areas. Labeling index of early neoplastic proliferation was very low although the value gradually increased with age. Proliferative activity of glioma cells was higher than that of the early neoplastic cells and lower than subependymal cells, and further differed according to the degree of differentiation and morphological type. Finally, it is suggested that glioma might develop mainly through the differentiation from the focus of early neoplastic proliferation. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 237–247, 1983.
SEQUENTIAL ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF ARTERIES IN RATS INDUCED BY RESTRAINED STRESS
Authors: SHIRAISHI Masaynki , MATSUO Kakara , TAKEBAYASHI Shigeo
Published: December 2008

Single and repeated restrained stresses in rats were conducted as a model for evaluating sequential changes of gastric submucosal arteries evoked by stressful stimuli with an emphasis on medial alterations. By single restrained stress, three distinct acute changes of the media were found after a short time of the stress–withdrawal; (1) focal cytoplasmic necrosis, (2) fibrin in–sudation, and (3) leukocyte migration. These acute lesions were readily healed within 20 days without cellular increase or fibrous thickening of the intima. When the stress was repeated over a long period of time, medial smooth muscle cells showed marked degenerative changes (“atrophy with moth–eaten structure”) with an increase of granular cell debris and basement membranelike materials. The results suggest that angiopathic effects of stresses may be attributed to the unsuited responsiveness of small artery to vasospasm and its sequential hemodynamic derangements. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 265 –273, 1983.
ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON HUMAN THYMUS AND ITS AGE CHANGE
Authors: HIROKAWA Katsuiku , SAITOH KiyosM , HATAKEYAMA Shgeru
Published: December 2008

Human thymuses, ranging in age from newborn to 62 years old, were studied enzyme histochemically. The thymic epithelial cells covering cortical surface and bordering vascular areas in the medulla were positive for 5′–nucleotidase, but not for other enzymes. The thymic epithelial cells composing Hassall's corpuscles were positive for acid phosphatase, esterases, –glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase, regardless of age, but totally negative for 5′–nucleotidase and ATPase. All enzymes examined except for glucuronidase were demonstrated income of the thymie epithelial cells scattered in the medulla, although the pattern of distribution and the degree of positivity were different by enzymes. These findings suggest that the thymic epithelial cells are composed of functionally heterogenous subpopula–tions. Acid phosphatase was demonstrated in thymocytes in both cortex and medulla, but 5′–nucleotidase and ATPase were observed in some thymocytes in the medulla of young thymus. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 275–285, 1983.
A LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON THE PANCREATIC DUCTAL SYSTEM
Authors: KODAMA Takaya
Published: December 2008

To Investigate morphological features of the human pancreatic ductal system, light and electron microscopic studies were performed, on the comparative basis with those of several species of mammals. The human pancreas possessed relatively well–developed ductal system, as compared with those of other mammals. Furthermore, it had unique centroacinr cells containing numerous mitochondria. The mode of innervation to the ducts, and cytological features such as cilia formation and mucin production were also revealed. Several kinds of endocrine cells including A, B, D1, ECn, presumptive EC1, and presumptive EC2 or K could be identified, but a few remained unclassiflable. The above findings are considered to be prerequisite for understanding the physiology, especially of bicarbonate production, and pathology, especially of oncogenesis of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 297–321, 1983.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DUODENAL SOMATOSTATINOMAS
Authors: KANEKO Hiroshi , TOSHIMA Muneatsu , KOBAYASHI Hiroshi , KITAZAWA Mikio
Published: December 2008

This report describes the general ultrastruetural characteristics of somatostatlnoma cells and Schwann–like cells in two cases of duodenal somato–statinomas. Duodenal somatostatlnoma cells had common findings to endodermal cells, i.e. the granules of exocrine type, intracytoplasmic canaliculi, microvilli, small clear vesicles and others. This may suggest that endocrine cells of the gut are of endodermal origin. On the other hand, a few Schwann–like cells were discovered in the tumor nests. Schwann–like cells surrounding the nest of tumor cells were characterized by multilayered piled up cytoplasm, abundant microfilaments and others. This fact suggests that somatostatinoma has some relationship to the nerve. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 347–357, 1983.
GLOMERULAR TISSUE INJURY IN IgA NEPHRITIS
Authors: SHIGEMATSU Hidekazu , KOBAYASHI Yutaka , TATBNO Sumio , HIKI Yasuyuki , KUWAO Sadahito
Published: December 2008

The glomerular lesions In 129 cases of IgA nephritis were analyzed. The development of glomerular injury occurred in two ways, one being a chronic mesangial depositive and sclerosing lesion commonly found in most glomeruli, and the other an acute but local injury initiating from the local peripheral glomerular basement membrane abnormality, i.e., thinning and/or splitting, which was seen at least in one third of all cases. The activation of the local coagulatory process could add segmental glomerular changes including small crescents, adhesion, and local tuft necrosis to the mesangial lesion. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33; 367–380, 1983.
TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS WITH PULMONARY AND LYMPH NODE INVOLVEMENT
Authors: KAKU Tsimehisa , TOYOSHIMA Satoshi , ENJOJI Munetomo
Published: December 2008

A rare case of classical tuberous sclerosis complex with pulmonary and lymph node involvement is presented. The lungs showed small cysts or honeycombing associated with smooth muscle proliferation in the walls of bronchioles, blood vessels, lymphatics, and alveolar septa. In the enlarged mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, the normal structure was replaced by interlacing bundles of proliferated smooth muscle cells. These features were consistent with those of lymphangiomyomatosis. The close relationship between tuberous sclerosis and lymphangiomyomatosis is discussed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 395–401, 1983.
NON–OAT CELL SMALL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS
Authors: KISHIDA Hidemi , SODEMOTO Yukio , USHIGOME Shin'icHro , KUBOTA Sunao , KATABA Yoshiaki
Published: December 2008

A resected case of undifferentiated, non–oat cell type small cell carcinoma of the esophagus in a 78–year–old Japanese male is presented. Biopsy of a lower esophageal tumor that showed protrusions and centrally ulcerated features on esophageal roentgenograms, was initially misinterpreted as probable malignant lymphoma, because the absence of epithelial arrangement and the presence of abundant fine reticulin fibers encircling individual tumor cells. However, sections of the resected specimen disclosed minute foci consisting of nest formations of tumor cells suggesting an epithelial nature. Electron microscopy demonstrated immature round tumor cells, some of which showed occasional villous projections, desmosomal attachment devices, intra–cytoplasmlc filaments resembling primitive tonofllaments. No neurosecretory granules as have been reported in oat–cell carcinoma of the esophagus were identified in the present case. The results suggest that this tumor is derived from the primitive cells of the esophageal mucosal epithelium or the duct of the esophageal glands. This tumor should be discriminated from oat–cell carcinoma on the basis of its histogenesis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 403–413, 1983.