bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular immune response to combined DNA-protein constructs carrying SARS-CoV-2 antigens
Authors: Zadorozhny Aleksey M. , Borgoyakova Maria  B. , Starostina Ekaterina V. , Karpenko Larisa I.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: One approach that makes it possible to create vaccines relatively quickly and inexpensively is the creation of DNA vaccine constructs. They are of particular interest for the prevention of COVID-19, as they induce both types of immune response humoral and T cell. Previously, we have created two DNA vaccines based on the pVAX vector: one encodes the full gene of the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the second only encodes the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Next, the naked DNA was wrapped in a polycationic polyglucin-spermidine complex conjugated with the RBD protein. The resulting combined DNA-protein constructs were named CCV-RBD and CCV-S, respectively.
AIM: To investigate the induction of the T cell immune response of the developed combined DNA protein candidate vaccines in an animal model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized with constructs CCV-RBD and CCV-S, after which their spleens were removed from which splenocytes were isolated. The cellular response was assessed by the ability of splenocytes to secrete cytokines in response to stimulation with viral peptides. The intensity of the response was recorded using the intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) method using flow cytometry.
RESULTS: BALB/c mice were immunized twice with an interval of three weeks with a dose of 100 g of DNA (8 animals per group): 1) CCV-RBD 2) CCV-S and 3) intact animals. It has been shown that both T helper lymphocytes (CD4+) and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+) of animals immunized with CCV-S and CCV-RBD respond with the release of cytokines in response to stimulation with viral peptides.
CONCLUSIONS: In the case of CCV-RBD, a trend towards a higher response in both CD4+ and CD8+ was observed compared to the CCV-S group. Possibly, this difference may be due to more efficient synthesis of the RBD protein than the S protein, providing a DNA vaccine.
Mathematical model of the spread of COVID-19 in the rostov region for 2020–2022
Authors: Denisenko Viktor V. , Aleshukina Anna V.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: In the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, there is a need for forecasting tools that enables us to predict the possible epidemic consequences and evaluate the effectiveness of epidemic control. Mathematical modeling can serve as such a tool.
AIM: The Aim is to present a mathematical model of the spread of COVID-19 in the Rostov Region for 20202022. To be more precise, the aim is to forecast how the number of people infected, recovered, hospitalized and died from the epidemic of the new coronovirus will change over this period of time.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The modeling of the epidemics was based on the extended SEIR model proposed by R. Neyer et al. for forecasting the COVID-19 epidemic and implemented as a freely available web application.
RESULTS: The model under consideration made it possible to forecast the volume of hospitalization and the number of deaths in the course of COVID-19 epidemic in the Rostov region for 20202022.
CONCLUSIONS: The performed simulations demonstrated the capabilities the considered SEIR model for forecasting the COVID-19 epidemic. It was found that the number of hospitalized patients for the entire period covered by the model does not exceed the capabilities of the health care system of the Rostov Region.
Surface expression of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in Enterococcus faecium L3 for live oral vaccine against new coronavirus infection
Authors: Kopteva Olga S. , Desheva Yulia A. , Ivanova Alexandra N. , Vorobyov Maxim G. , Leontieva Galina F. , Gupalova Tatiana V. , Bormotova Elena A. , Suvorov Alexander N.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Probiotic microorganisms are currently considered as a promising platform for the development of recombinant vaccines expressing viral or bacterial antigens. Probiotic-based mucosal vaccines are easy to produce in large quantities, they have a low cost, provide a fairly long T-cell memory.
AIM: The aim was to study expression of mRNA fragment of S1 SARS-CoV-2 gene in Enterococcus faecium L3 culture and to confirm the insertion of S1 SARS-CoV-2 protein fragment into the pili of this bacterial strain by immunoelectron microscopy of original (E. faecium L3) and genetically modified strain (L3-SARS) with human sera obtained from patients with SARS-CoV-2.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: mRNA expression was studied by real-time PCR with reverse transcription using primers specific to S1 protein. Immunoelectron microscopy was aimed to study the structure of E. faecium L3 pili with the expression of viral protein SARS-CoV-2. Bacteria were washed three times in PBS by centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 20 min and suspended in 0.1 M NaCl. A 10-fold bacterial concentrate was used. The source of the primary antibodies was a set of polyclonal human sera containing IgG. Labeling was performed using goat IgG conjugated with 18 nm gold particles.
RESULTS: A sharp increase in mRNA amplification of inserted genetic sequence of S1 SARS-CoV-2 gene fragment relatively to the control was demonstrated. These results confirmed that DNA of S1 gene in E. faecium L3 genome is transcribed together with the target pili gene in E. faecium genome. Specific antigens of SARS-CoV-2 on the surface of L3-SARS were determined using electron microscopy, which demonstrated the correct assembly of chimeric molecules of pili on the surface of bacteria.
CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation in expression of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein after introduction of the corresponding genetic elements into genome of probiotic strain E. faecium L3 allows us to conclude that selected DNA fragments of SARS-CoV-2 were able to direct the synthesis of immunogenic protein S1 that was expressed by the strain E. faecium L3-SARS.
Activation and modulation of Ire1-Xbp1 pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells (B.1.1.7 Alpha, B.1.617.2 Delta, B.1.1.529 Omicron variants)
Authors: Shishova Anna A. , Baryshnikova Victoria S. , Ermakova Maya Yu. , Turchenko Yuriy V. , Dereventsova Alena V. , Fominykh Kseniya  V.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: The emergence of new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the end of 2020, which became a source of increased risk for global public health, prompted the study of their molecular biological characteristics and pathogenic effects. It is known that one of the reasons for the viruses pathogenic action is their interaction with the defense mechanisms of the cell. Ire1 (inositol-requiring enzyme 1)-mediated splicing of Xbp1 mRNA (X-box binding protein 1) is a protective mechanism that is activated in response to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cell, a situation that occurs due to uncontrolled synthesis of viral proteins during infection. Studying the interaction of different variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with this protective mechanism will help to shed light on various aspects of the pathogenesis of a new coronavirus infection.
AIM: Study of Ire1-Xbp1 defense mechanism activation and modulation in SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the activation of the Ire1 enzyme in Vero cells infected with various variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus using immunoblotting and antibodies to various forms of this protein in the cell. In addition, we studied the activation of Xbp1 mRNA splicing under conditions of infection with various variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a PCR reaction with specific primers.
RESULTS: Reproduction of B.1.1.529 (Omicron) strain in Vero cells is slower than B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) strains of SARS-CoV-2. The whole reproduction cycle is 48 hours.
Ire1-dependent defense mechanism is activated after 12 hours of SARS-CoV-2 infection with either of three variants. However, despite the activation of the Ire1 endonuclease domain, there is no Xbp1 mRNA splicing in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Inhibition of Xbp1 mRNA splicing occurs slower in Vero cells infected with the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant.
CONCLUSIONS: The paper describes the reproduction of various variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero cell culture and the activation of the Ire1-Xbp1 defense mechanism during infection. The Ire1 endonuclease is phosphorylated, however, mRNA splicing of the Xbp1 transcription factor is impaired in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. A decrease in the rate of inhibition of this protective mechanism in Vero cells infected with the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus may be the reason for its lower pathogenicity described in various studies.
Development of a biosafe ELISA-based platform for assessing immunogenicity in the production of an inactivated whole-virion coronavirus vaccine
Authors: Danilov Dmitry V. , Shmeleva Olga A. , Lunin Alexander S. , Kozlovskaya Liubov I. , Piniaeva Anastasia N. , Shishova Anna A.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity is evaluated in neutralization test with live virus. It is performed in a biosafety level 3 zone because requires live virus stage. Therefore, control laboratories should be certified for this class of work. The development of technology based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as an analogue of the neutralization reaction makes it possible to create an immunobiological product in a shorter time and in conditions without special requirements for control laboratories.
AIM: Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for assessing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity by measuring neutralizing antibodies production in immunized animals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Recombinant receptor-binding domain fused to a С-terminal hexahistidine sequence was produced in Escherichia coli cells and purified via metal-affinity chromatography on WorkBeads NiMAC (Bio-Works). Purified protein was used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as an antigen for sorption. The sera of mice immunized with the vaccine preparation were tested for neutralizing activity against the SARS-CoV-2, as well as in the developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS: Sera with high neutralizing titers showed a high degree of binding to recombinant receptor-binding domain fused to a С-terminal hexahistidine sequence in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while sera from non-immunized animals or sera with neutralization titers less than 1:8 were not reactive in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients for neutralization test titers and optical density in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were 0.759 and 0.76, respectively. The developed assay can be used as a semi-quantitative method for assessing the immunogenicity of a vaccine against coronavirus infection.
CONCLUSIONS: The developed platform makes it possible to reliably assess the immunogenicity of an inactivated coronavirus vaccine under conditions that do not require a high biosafety conditions.
Аttenuation мarkers of cold-adapted SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Gracheva Anastasiia V. , Korchevaya Ekaterina R. , Samoilikov Roman V. , Smirnova Daria I. , Leneva Irina А. , Poromov Artem A. , Pankratov Andrey А. , Trunova Galina V. , Khokhlova Varvara А. , Nagieva Firaya G. , Svitich Oksana А. , Zverev Vitaly V. , Faizuloev Evgeny В.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Unprecedented anti-epidemic measures and the widespread use of vaccines against COVID-19 have reduced the rate of hospitalization and mortality from the disease, but have not stopped the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic spread. The development of live vaccines against COVID-19, capable of providing the formation of a long-term humoral and cellular immune response and cross-protection against new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, is relevant. Previously at the I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera SARS-CoV-2 cold-adapted (ca, cold-adapted) variants were obtained. This work is aimed to search for methodological approaches that allow in vitro screening studies to assess the attenuation (att) phenotype of ca SARS-CoV-2 variants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SARS-CoV-2 laboratory strain Dubrovka and its variants were cultured in Vero and Calu-3 cells. Quantitation of the virus was carried out by titration in Vero cells and by real-time RT-PCR. The attenuation (att) phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 variants was determined on an animal model of COVID-19 on Syrian hamsters.
RESULTS: In experiments on Syrian hamsters, the presence of the att phenotype in the ca variants of the virus was established. Animals infected with virus ca variants had significantly less weight lost, had less viral load in the lungs and brain and less pronounced pathological changes in the lungs compared to infection with the virulent strain. In vitro experiments on Vero and Calu-3 cells revealed probable attenuation markers of the virus ca variants for syrian hamsters: (1) ability to reproduce at low temperature (ca phenotype); (2) inability to reproduce at 39 C (ts phenotype); (3) changes in the species and tissue specificity of the virus.
CONCLUSIONS: The developed methodological approaches to the identification of SARS-CoV-2 attenuation markers are a valuable tool for monitoring the stability of the phenotype of candidate vaccine strains.
Research of the genetic diversity of human rhinoviruses on the territory of Saint Petersburg 2021–2022
Authors: Ksenafontov Andrey D. , Pisareva Maria M. , Eder Veronica A. , Musaeva Tamila D. , Kiseleva Irina V.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Respiratory viruses circulate everywhere. Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of human upper respiratory tract infections. Therefore, it is necessary to study circulation of their species and types.
AIM: To study circulation of different species and types of rhinoviruses in Saint Petersburg.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Detection of rhinoviruses was carried out by real-time PCR using commercial kits AmpliSens ORVI-screen-FL (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow); the study of the genetic diversity of rhinoviruses was carried out by Sanger sequencing method; alignment of the obtained sequences was carried out in the MAFFT program, the phylogenetic tree was built in the RAxML program, visualization was carried out in FigTree.
RESULTS: The most common species of human rhinoviruses circulating in Saint Petersburg are HRV-A, while the types of rhinoviruses almost never repeat.
CONCLUSIONS: On the territory of St. Petersburg, the genetic diversity of rhinoviruses is very widely represented. From December 2020 to October 2021, 70 rhinoviruses were typed, with HRV-A rhinoviruses being the most common (38 rhinoviruses, or 54%). HRV-C and HRV-B were detected in equal numbers (16 rhinoviruses, or 23% each). Phylogenetic trees of genetic types of rhinovirus species A, B, and C were built. The types of rhinoviruses are highly variable, which complicates their study, as well as the development of vaccines against them. Nevertheless, rhinoviruses significantly affect the epidemiological situation, rhinovirus infections can lead to serious health consequences, so they need to be studied.
Method for the prevention of hospital infection in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Orlov Alexander  V. , Pashkevich Aleksandr  A. , Matveev Vladimir  S. , Vainer Liudmila  B. , Nachinkina Tatiana  A. , Kraeva Liudmila  A. , Romanyuk Fedor  P. , Shutova Tatiana  A. , Kuropatenko Mariya V. , Zhelenina Liudmila  A.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis is one of the most frequent monogenic diseases, in which, in addition to medical measures, measures for the prevention of the infectious process in the lungs are of great importance, which is provided by a clear organization of the work of any medical institution where patients are observed and where medical and rehabilitation measures are carried out.
AIM: The article describes the experience of the childrens Center in St. Petersburg to prevent cross-infection of patients with cystic fibrosis who have the different luge microbiome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The measures taken included a system for monitoring and dynamic control of the seeded pathogenic microflora with a strict separation of patients with cystic fibrosis, who had the isolation and carriage of various pathogens. The system provided for the separation of flows of patients with cystic fibrosis and the prevention of cross-infection, as well as a number of activities related to the disinfection of equipment.
RESULTS: The methods adopted and put into practice have ensured the prevention of cross-infection of patients with cystic fibrosis, excreting various pathogenic bacteria from sputum. The patient management system made it possible to halve the number of hospitalizations of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection per CF patient per year: from 1.3 in 2001 to 0.6 in 2021, reduce the risk of cross-infection, reduce the number of relapses, hospitalizations and the average length of stay of a patient in a hospital.
CONCLUSIONS: The developed system of assistance has shown its effectiveness and can be implemented in one form or another in the work of cystic fibrosis treatment centers in the Russian Federation.
Antiviral activity of adamantane derivatives against respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Shtro Anna A. , Galochkina Anastasiya V. , Nikolaeva Yulia V. , Garshinina Anzhelika V. , Razgulyaeva Daria N. , Ponomarev Konstantin Yu. , Mozhaytsev Evgeny S. , Suslov Evgeny V. , Volcho Konstantin P. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial infection annually affects large segments of the population around the world. Despite the ease of clinical manifestations in most adults, for children under two years of age, this disease is a serious danger, leading to the development of severe bronchiolitis, even death.
AIM: The aim of this study was to search for drugs with antiviral activity among adamantane derivatives.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preparations of the group of adamantane derivatives were synthesized in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Compounds of the N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of the compounds were studied in HEp-2 cell culture using the MTT test and enzyme immunoassay, respectively.
RESULTS: There were no drugs with high antiviral properties against RSV in this group.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the absence of drugs with pronounced anti-RSV properties, the information obtained in the course of the work can be used for a targeted search for antitumor substances.
The effect of heat inactivation of ferrets serum samples on the detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies in elisa
Authors: Goshina Arina D. , Matyushenko Victoria  A. , Donina Svetlana  A. , Sychev Ivan  A. , Isakova-Sivak Irina  N. , Katelnikova Anastasia  E. , Rudenko Larisa  G.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: Determination of serum antibody levels to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a necessary tool for assessing humoral immunity in COVID-19 patients or individuals vaccinated with specific vaccines, as well as for studying the immune responses to the viral antigens in animal models. Serum specimens of infected humans and animals are considered potentially infectious material, and therefore heat inactivation of samples at 56 C for 1 hour is recommended to reduce the risk of infection of personnel during serological studies. However, this procedure may affect the detection of virus-specific IgG and IgM antibodies, making interpretation of the results difficult.
AIM: The goal is to evaluate the effect of heat inactivation of ferret serum samples on the binding of IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 antigens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples of SARS-CoV-2 naive and immune ferrets were analyzed in three variants: (1) native sera, (2) serum samples than were heated at 56C for 1 hour, and (3) serum samples that were treated with receptor-degrading enzyme (RDE). The samples were studied in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant RBD protein (receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein) as a substrate, followed by determination of specific antibody levels before and after treatments.
RESULTS: It has been shown that heat inactivation of the ferrets naive serum samples can lead to false-positive results, while RDE treatment can neutralize the effect of non-specific binding of IgG antibodies to the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein.
CONCLUSIONS: Structural rearrangement of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies and the formation of immunoglobulin complexes during heat inactivation of serum samples can affect the avidity of the antigen-antibody complex and lead to false-positive results when performing enzyme immunoassay. One of the possible methods to reduce the risk of artifacts is the treatment of blood sera with RDE, which eliminates the effect of heat inactivation.
Development of pyrosequencing-based assay for genotyping of different coronavirus variants
Authors: Chistyakova Anna K. , Stepanova Ekaterina  A. , Isakova-Sivak Irina  N. , Rudenko Larisa  G.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus, which caused the COVID-19 pandemic, and the emergence of new co-circulating antigenic variants require the development and update of subtyping kits and protocols. Pyrosequencing-based protocols are promising approach for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms.
AIM: In this study we designed the assays for genotyping Variants of Concern of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus using polymerase chain reaction, followed by determination of the virus variant in the sample by pyrosequencing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pyrosequencing assays were designed based on alignment of SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Testing was performed using RNA of SARS-CoV-2 viruses of different lineages (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron). Pyrosequencing was performed using the PyroMark Q24 system.
RESULTS: The protocols of sample preparation and pyrosequencing were developed and tested for sequencing of regions encoding substitutions in amino acid positions: L18F, T19R, T20N; A67V, 69-70; G142D, 143-145; 156-157, R158G; 242-244; K417N/T; L452R; S477N, T478K, E484A/K/Q; H655Y; N679K, P681H/R. The specificity of the system was also evaluated in reactions with a negative control sample (RNA isolated from human nasal swab).
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we developed and initially tested protocol for detecting coronavirus variants (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron) from samples collected from cell culture, based on the PCR technique, followed by genotyping of the variants by pyrosequencing with PyroMark Q24. The developed protocols may be adjusted to the current epidemiological situation by increasing the number of detectable sites.
CUTTING FORCE MODELLING IN ORTHOGONAL TURNING OF C/PEEK AND C/PA12
Authors:   Department of Production Machines and Equipment (RCMT), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, KOVALCIK JAROSLAV , MASEK PETR ,   Department of Production Machines and Equipment (RCMT), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic, ZEMAN PAVEL ,   Department of Production Machines and Equipment (RCMT), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on cutting force modelling in the orthogonal turning of two commonly used types of fibre-reinforced plastic materials. Uncoated cutting tool inserts made of sintered carbide and with different rake angles were used for the designed experiments. In addition to the different rake angles in the experiments, there were also different feeds per revolution and cutting speeds. It was found that the effect of the feed per revolution and the rake angle on the cutting force is statistically significant for both materials. On the other hand, the effect of the cutting speed on the cutting force is statistically insignificant. Therefore, a mathematical model of the cutting force with the impact of the feed per revolution as well as the rake angle was developed and based on the experimental data all constants needed for the proposed mathematical model were found. Based on the comparison of the calculated and experimental cutting forces it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between them, and the proposed model can be therefore considered sufficiently accurate in the given range of the cutting conditions.
IDENTIFICATION OF SUSTAINABILITY RISKS AND THEIR QUANTIFICATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovakia, BESTVINOVA VIERA , PRAJ FILIP ,   Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovakia, CAMBAL MILOS ,   Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovakia
Published: November 2022

The paper deals with sustainability risks and their measurement in the conditions of small and medium-sized enterprises. SMEs in the context of sustainability have to find solutions to many complex issues because, in the transformation of enterprises towards sustainability, significant changes are needed in all business processes from product development through operational execution, logistics, and marketing, not excluding their management. To implement sustainable development, SMEs need to identify and quantify the risks that may affect their path towards sustainability.
8D REPORT APPLICATION IN PRODUCTION PROCESS OF THE REAR SEAT
Authors:   Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Institute of Industrial Engineering and Management, Slovakia, LESTYANSZKA SKURKOVA KATARINA , PRAJOVA VANESSA ,   Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Institute of Industrial Engineering and Management, Slovakia
Published: November 2022

The key elements of a quality management system are a systematic approach to managing non-conformances and continuous improvement. The aim of this paper is to present quality improvement in a seat manufacturing company using statistical methods and quality control techniques. First, Pareto analysis was used to dentify the problem and reveal the critical causes in the management system. Following this, the 8D methodology was applied using a structured eight-step PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) approach to problem solving. The paper presents the solution with respect to a rear seat manufacturing process where customer complaints and the need to rectify defects were identified in November 2021. Using the above methods, the root cause of the problem was identified, and permanent corrective actions were planned and implemented as recommended in the 8D report to reduce the likelihood of the problem recurring and increase customer satisfaction.
Distribution of influenza A and B antibodies and correlation with ABO/Rh blood grouping
Authors: Hakami Abdulrahim R. , Alshahrani Abdullah J. , Alshehri Osama A. , Saif Ahmed , Alshehri Ahmad A.
Published: November 2022

Background: Influenza is a clinically-significant infection with significant number of globally reported annual deaths. The aim of this study was to study the distribution of influenza A and B antibodies in Najran, the Southwest region of Saudi Arabia, and to investigate the correlation between demographic characteristics and influenza virus antibody levels.Methods: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antibody level of influenza A and B. The correlation with ABO/Rh blood groupings was also examined. The total number of participants was 252. Only twenty-four subjects received the flu vaccine.Results: It was found that 33.7% and 24.1% of unvaccinated subjects were IgG-positive for influenza A and B, respectively. Interestingly, the antibody levels of the unvaccinated participants were higher than the vaccinated group. A significant difference was found between unvaccinated participants with O+ and influenza A and B antibody levels (**p=0.0045). The antibody level was inversely correlated with age in influenza B IgG subjects but not influenza A IgG (r=-0.1379; R squared=0.01900; p=0.0375). Forty-three subjects (17%) were positive for antibodies of both influenza A and B.Conclusions: IgG antibody positivity is greater in cases of influenza type A compared to influenza B. A significant correlation was found in the unvaccinated group between influenza B IgG antibody levels and age, but not influenza A (*p=0.0375). More research is needed to investigate the role of O+ blood group in influenza infections.
A Case Study on How Distance Education May Inform Post-Pandemic University Teaching
Authors: Mavroudi Anna , Papanikolaou Kyparisia
Published: November 2022

Higher education recently found itself in the unprecedented situation of being forced to rapidly switch to online education as a demand of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this article is to compare and contrast the experiences of university tutors who teach in two distance education universities with those who teach in a traditional university concerning their online lessons during lockdown. Forty university tutors participated in a survey to capture their teaching experiences. The survey was based on the transactional distance theory. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from both groups. Analysis of the quantitative data indicates no significant differences between the two groups in scores regarding course structure flexibility and the degree of student autonomy; however, significant difference with a high effect size was found regarding instructional dialogue, in favor of the distance tutors’ group. Thematically analyzing the qualitative data allowed the researchers to group the data into three main themes focused on how the instructional dialogue was manifested in the classes of both groups: (a) the learning design approach adopted, (b) the tutor-led interaction for student support, and (b) learner-to-learner communication and the sense of an online community. Ensuing recommendations involve adopting social-constructivist approaches that can sustain high-quality instructional dialogue in online learning settings and creating distance education faculty development programs in traditional universities that will help tutors support dialogical forms of online pedagogy.
Manajemen Risiko Default Pada Pengguna Kartu Kredit Menggunakan Framework NIST 800-30
Authors: Musantono Agus Eko , Musantono Agus Eko , Nisa Atina Khoiron , A’Yuni Ashlih Qurota , Umam Haniful
Published: November 2022

The emergence of credit cards as one of the earliest fintech technologies capable of providing benefits to customers or users, the maturity of the system in its application is very important because it is related to user data. Several problems arise including carding crimes or problems from the users themselves. This study aims to determine demographic factors with the effect of using credit cards. Demographic factors (gender, age, marital status and academic) are related to usage activities as well as in paying off credit card bills. Quantitative research is carried out using available datasets. from the dataset will be processed and the required part will be taken. By using the NIST 800-30 framework, it is hoped that it can assist in risk management and assessment, then it will lead to risk tendencies in using credit cards. The final result of the study show that demographic factors including age, academic and marital status able to show the affect activities in paying credit card bills and the reliability of the credit card issuer's system can reduce the impact of default on credit card users.
Real-World Evidence on the Effectiveness of Plexiglass Barriers in Reducing Aerosol Exposure
Authors: Cadnum Jennifer , Jencson Annette , Memic Samir , Osborne Andrew , Torres-Teran Maria , Wilson Brigid , Deshpande Abhishek , Donskey Curtis
Published: November 2022

Reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Foundation ©2022. All Rights Reserved
Background: Barriers are commonly installed in workplace situations where physical distancing cannot be maintained to reduce the risk for transmission of respiratory viruses. Although some types of barriers have been shown to reduce exposure to aerosols in laboratory-based testing, limited information is available on the efficacy of barriers in real-world settings. 
Methods: In an acute care hospital, we tested the effectiveness of in-use plexiglass barriers in reducing exposure of staff to aerosolized particles. A nebulizer was used to release 5% NaCl aerosol 1 meter from staff members with and without the barrier positioned between the point of aerosol release and the hospital staff. Particle counts on the staff side of the barrier were measured using a 6-channel particle counter. A condensed moisture (fog) generating device was used to visualize the airflow patterns. 
Results: Of 13 in-use barriers tested, 6 (46%) significantly reduced aerosol particle counts detected behind the barrier, 6 (46%) reduced particle counts to a modest, non-significant degree, and 1 (8%) significantly increased particle counts behind the barrier. Condensed moisture fog accumulated in the area where staff were seated behind the barrier that increased particle exposure, but not behind the other barriers. After repositioning the ineffective barrier, the condensed moisture fog no longer accumulated behind the barrier and aerosol exposure was reduced. 
Conclusion: In real-world settings, plexiglass barriers vary widely in effectiveness in reducing staff exposure to aerosols, and some barriers may increase risk for exposure if not positioned correctly. Devices that visualize airflow patterns may be useful as simple tools to assess barriers.
Teknik Peningkatan Kesuburan Lahan Berpasir Dengan Perlakuan Pupuk Kandang Ayam Pada Budidaya Kacang Tanah
Authors: Saijo Saijo
Published: November 2022

The study aimed to analyze the effective dose of chicken manure in the peanut cultivation using sandy soil. The data were analysed by a one-factor randomized block design with 4 levels repeated 4 times, therefore that 16 experimental units were obtained. The treatment dose level was in the form of fertilizer, sometimes chicken. The variables observed were: plant height (cm), number of wet pods planted (pods), weight of wet pods planted (g), weight of dry pods planted (g), number of seeds planted (seeds) and weight of dry seeds planted (g). The result showed treatment of chicken manure dose at a dose of 15 t ha-1 (A3) gave a very significant effect on all plant height variables. Treatment dose of manure 5 t ha-1 also had a significant effect on yield variables in the form of number of pods, wet pod weight, and dry pod weight. The most effective doses were 10 t ha-1 (A2) and 15 t ha-1 (A3). In addition, the variable number of seeds and dry seed weight of treated pods at a dose of 10 t ha-1 (A2) gave the highest number of seed pods at 76.50 seeds plant-1 and the heaviest pod dry weight was 45.06 g plant-1.
Use of learning media through technology for biology education students
Authors: Maulana Indra , Harahap Risma Delima , Safitri Islamiani
Published: November 2022

Education is a learning process in increasing the knowledge and insights possessed by these students. The existence of technology for biology education students can be useful for the learning process and as a learning medium. This type of research is qualitative with descriptive method. The population used is the sixth semester of Biology Education Students, the total sample is 35 people, the data collection technique is done by giving questionnaires, the questionnaires are given to students directly and through google form. The results of the study obtained from 5 indicators (1) The use of learning media applications through the use of technology obtained a percentage of 60.29%, (2) Increased motivation obtained a percentage of 59.78%, (3) Effectiveness obtained a percentage of 61.30%, (4) Learning Media obtained the percentage of 56.36%, (5) Interest in Using Technology obtained a percentage of 57.96%, With the existence of learning media through the use of technology, it can support the implementation of learning for students and can get better knowledge insights.AbstrakPendidikan merupakan suatu proses pembelajaran didalam menambah pengetahuan wawasan yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa tersebut. dengan adanya Teknologi bagi  mahasiswa pendidikan biologi dapat bermanfaat untuk proses pembelajaran  dan sebagai  media pembelajaran Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dang mengetahui penggunaan media pembelajaran melalui pemanfaatan teknologi bagi mahasiswa  pendidikan biologi memiliki peran penting didalam menunjang pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Jenis Penelitian ini kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Populasi yang digunakan adalah Mahasiswa/i Pendidikan Biologi Semester enam,Total sempel berjumlah 35 orang, Tehnik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemberian angket, Angket tersebut diberikan kepada Mahasiswa/i yang secara langsung dan melalui google form. Hasil Penelitian yang diperoleh dari 5 indikator (1) Penggunaan Aplikasi  media pembelajaran melalui pemanfaatan teknologi memperoleh persentase sebesar 60.29%, (2) Peningkatan Motivasi memperoleh persentase sebesar 59.78%, (3) Keefektifan memperoleh persentase sebesar 61.30%, (4) Media Pembelajaran memperoleh persentase sebesar 56.36%, (5) Minat Penggunaan Teknologi memperoleh persentase sebesar 57.96%, Dengan adanya media pembelajaran melalui  pemanfaatan teknologi  bisa menunjang  didalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran  bagi mahasiswa dan bisa mendapatkan wawasan  pengetahuan yang lebih baik.
Education strategy for farmers in Kamanasa to controlling the population of golden snails (Pomacea canaliculated L.)
Authors: Atini Blasius
Published: November 2022

The high population of golden snails is a pest of rice for farmers in Kamanasa. Proper education is needed so the farming community can solve this golden snail pest problem independently and sustainably. This study aims to analyze the population density of golden snails in the Malacca Regency Kamanasa rice field area, determine the environmental factors that influence it, and analyze appropriate educational strategies for farming communities. The method used to record the population density of golden snails is a survey method with field observation points determined by purposive sampling. At the same time, the determination of educational strategies is carried out by studying literature. The population density data were analyzed using the population density formula by Odum and Barrett. Based on the research data, the population density of golden snails at observation points I, II, III, IV, and V shows that the density of golden snails in the rice fields of Kamanasa, Malacca Regency is relatively high. Direct learning is the most suitable educational method because people with different cognitive backgrounds can more easily understand concepts through direct interaction in the field. In addition, guidelines written in popular languages are needed so that the community can independently sustainably manage the golden snail.Abstrak Populasi keong emas yang tinggi menjadi hama padi bagi petani di Kamanasa. Edukasi yang tepat diperlukan agar masyarakat tani dapat menyelesaikan masalah hama keong emas ini secara mandiri dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepadatan populasi keong emas di areal persawahan Kamanasa di Kabupaten Malaka, mengetahui faktor-faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi, dan menganalisis strategi pendidikan yang tepat untuk masyarakat tani. Metode yang digunakan dalam mendata kepadatan populasi keong emas adalah metode survei dengan titik pengamatan lapangan ditentukan secara purposive (Porpusive sampling method), sedangkan penentuan strategi pendidikan dilakukan dengan studi literatur. Data kepadatan populasi keong emas dianalisis menggunakan rumus kepadatan populasi menurut Odum dan Barrett. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian kepadatan populasi keong emas pada titik pengamatan I, II, III, IV, dan V menunjukan tingkat kepadatan keong emas di areal persawahan Kamanasa Kabupaten Malaka tergolong tinggi. Direct learning (pembelajaran langsung) merupakan metode pendidikan yang paling cocok karena masyarakat dengan latar belakang kognitif yang berbeda dapat lebih mudah memahami konsep melalui interaksi langsung di lapangan. Selain itu, diperlukan pedoman yang ditulis dengan bahasa populer, sehingga masyarakat secara mandiri dapat melakukan penanggulangan keong emas secara berkelanjutan.
Improving student biology learning outcomes through guided inquiry assisted mind mapping
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Adlini Miza Nina
Published: November 2022

Guided inquiry can make students active in solving problems with the skills and knowledge that students have. This supports the improvement of student learning outcomes and fosters student creativity in understanding learning materials through mind mapping. The purpose of this study was to examine the guided inquiry model with the aid of mind mapping on the biology learning outcomes of class X high school students. This type of research uses a quasi-experimental with Pre-test and Post-test Non Equivalent Control Group Design. The population of the study was class X students as many as 3 classes with a total of 108 people. The sample consisted of 2 classes, namely X IPA1 as the control class and X IPA2 as the experimental class. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. The data was taken using a test instrument in the form of multiple choice questions 20 questions. Data analysis was carried out using the t test, the results obtained were tcount> ttable  so H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of guided inquiry model with mind mapping on biology learning outcomes. This guided inquiry learning model with mind mapping can help students participate in the learning process and observation and can make students understand the subject matter better.Abstrak Inkuiri terbimbing dapat membuat siswa aktif dalam memecahkan masalah dengan keterampilan dan pengetahuan yang dimiliki siswa. Hal ini mendukung peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dan menumbuhkan kreatifitas siswa dalam memahami materi pembelajaran melalui mind mapping. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat model inkuiri terbimbing berbantuan mind mapping terhadap hasil belajar biologi siswa kelas X SMA. Jenis penelitian menggunakan quasy experimental dengan Pre-test and Post-test Non Equivalent Control Group Design. Populasi dari penelitian adalah siswa kelas  X  sebanyak 3 kelas dengan jumlah 108 orang. Sampel terdiri atas 2 kelas yakni X IPA1 sebagai kelas kontrol dan X IPA2 sebagai kelas eksperimen. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data diambil menggunakan instrumen tes berupa soal pilihan berganda berjumlah 20 soal. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t, diperoleh hasil thitung> ttabel jadi H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh model inkuiri terbimbing dengan mind mapping  terhadap hasil belajar biologi. Model pembelajaran guided inquiry dengan mind mapping  ini bisa membantu siswa berpartisipasi dalam proses pembelajaran maupun pengamatan serta dapat membuat siswa lebih memahami materi pelajaran.
How is the concept analysis ability of high school students in Ilir Barat 1 Palembang?
Authors: Dewi Safira Permata , Huzaifah Siti , Zen Djunaidah
Published: November 2022

This study used the survey method to overview the concept analysis skills of high school students in Palembang City. This research was limited by the concept of the respiratory system and the circulatory system. The research sample (n=412) was a high school student from a school in Ilir Barat I District, Palembang City. The data was collected by using concept analysis questions, totalling 25 questions. The results showed that the concept analysis skills of high school students in Palembang City is “enough” (44,24%). The results of this study also showed that the analysis of the concept of high school students in Palembang City on the material of the respiratory system is better than the material of the circulatory system. The highest and lowest achievements per item can be seen in the respiratory system material (the highest achievement on item number 9 and the lowest achievement on item number 5). The results of this study indicated the importance of learning and assessment that train students' higher order thinking skills, so that concept analysis skills can also be increased.Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang kemampuan analisis konsep pada siswa SMA di Kecamatan Ilir Barat 1 Kota Palembang dengan menggunakan metode survei. Penelitian ini dibatasi oleh konsep sistem respirasi dan sistem peredaran darah. Sampel penelitian (n=412) merupakan siswa SMA yang berasal dari sekolah di Kecamatan Ilir Barat I Kota Palembang. Data dijaring dengan menggunakan soal analisis konsep yang berjumlah 25 soal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan analisis konsep siswa SMA di Kecamatan Ilir Barat 1 Kota Palembang terkategori cukup (44,24%). Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa analisis konsep siswa SMA di Kota Palembang pada materi sistem respirasi lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan materi sistem peredaran darah. Capaian tertinggi dan terendah per item soal terlihat pada materi sistem respirasi (capaian tertinggi soal nomor 9 dan capaian terendah pada soal nomor 5). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pentingnya pembelajaran dan penilaian yang melatihkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa, sehingga kemampuan analisis konsep pun dapat meningkat.
The use of multimedia in biology learning: MAS Subulussalam Sumberjo student responses
Authors: Julianti Cici , Harahap Risma Delima , Safitri Islamiani
Published: November 2022

The use of the lecture method in learning biology in the classroom does not provide opportunities for students to develop skills and express their opinions. Multimedia learning media is needed to increase the interest and quality of student learning. This study uses a qualitative method. The subjects of this study were 44 students of MAS Subulussalam Sumberjo, Torgamba District, South Labuhanbatu. The focus of this research is on students of class X MIPA-A and X MIPA-B, and the results obtained are in the form of observation data, interviews and questionnaires to determine student responses to the use of multimedia in learning biology. Indicators that are used as a reference to see student responses to the use of multimedia are learning with the lecture method, the implementation of multimedia learning in the form of animated videos, the quality of multimedia presentation, and the effect of using multimedia in the form of animated videos. In conclusion, the learning indicator using animated video media has a large percentage value compared to the number of other indicators, namely 90%, so that student reactions can be interpreted as follows: The use of multimedia is very good, because the use of multimedia makes students more active and enthusiastic in learning biology.Abstrak Penggunaan metode ceramah dalam pembelajaran biologi di kelas tidak memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk mengembangkan keterampilan dan mengemukakan pendapatnya. Media pembelajaran multimedia dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan minat dan kualitas belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 44 siswa MAS Subulussalam Sumberjo Kecamatan Torgamba Labuhanbatu Selatan. Fokus penelitian ini pada siswa kelas X MIPA-A dan X MIPA-B, dan hasil yang diperoleh berupa data observasi, wawancara dan angket untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap penggunaan multimedia dalam pembelajaran biologi. Indikator yang dijadikan acuan untuk melihat tanggapan siswa terhadap penggunaan multimedia adalah pembelajaran dengan metode ceramah, pelaksanaan pembelajaran multimedia dalam bentuk video animasi, kualitas penyajian multimedia, dan pengaruh penggunaan multimedia dalam bentuk video Animasi. Kesimpulannya, indikator pembelajaran dengan media video animasi memiliki nilai persentase yang besar dibandingkan dengan jumlah indikator lainnya yaitu 90%, sehingga reaksi siswa dapat diartikan sebagai berikut: Penggunaan multimedia sangat baik, karena penggunaan multimedia membuat siswa lebih aktif dan bersemangat dalam pembelajaran biologi.