bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Housing and living conditions of working youth in the plants of Buryat-Mongolian ASSR during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Soboleva Anastasiya  Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The object of this research is the youth of Buryat-Mongolian ASSR as most active social group within the social structure of 1941 – 1945, which was the major source for replenishment of labor reserves. The subject of this research is the examination of core financial and social problems faced by the youth working at the defense industry plants of the republic. Special attention is given to analysis of the impact of wartime struggles and hardships upon household and food procurement. It is noted that shortage of housing, low salaries, insecure life, poor nutrition, deficit of clothing and footwear often led breach of employee discipline. The article explores the important vectors in the activity of Komsomol with regards to housing and living conditions, as well as various forms of financial and psychological incentives that promote adaptation of youth to working at the industrial plant. The scientific novelty consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of a number of previously unpublished source that were collected specifically for this research. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that working youth, who for the most part came from rural localities to the city, were put in quite difficult social and living conditions, experiencing critical problems in the process of adaptation; however, they accomplished significant labor achievements and made their contribution to the common Victory.
The peculiarities of legal liability for violation of tax legislation in the United States
Authors: Osina Dina
Published: December 2020

Relevance of the selected topic is justified by the importance of the institution of liability for the current tax systems, since taxpayers are not always willing to voluntarily part with their earnings. Drawing on the experience of the developed countries can be valuable in determining advantages and disadvantages of the models of the institution of liability for violations of tax legislation, with future consideration in reforming the corresponding sphere of social relations in Russia. The goal of this work consists in examination of peculiarities of the institution of liability for violation of tax legislation in the United States, jurisdiction with one of the most effective tax systems in the world. For achieving the set goal, the author sets a number of scientific tasks, among which is consideration of the types of liability for violation of tax legislation in the United States and questions of their demarcation, as well as the forms of penalties for violating tax legislation. The following conclusions were made: 1) liability for violation of tax legislation in the United States can be either criminal or civil; 2) both types of liability are established in the same legislative act – the Internal Revenue Code; 3) demarcation of liability is rather conditional, depending on the type of offence, severity of penalties for its commission, as well as procedure of implementation of liability; 4) civil liability for violation of tax legislation in the United States has no parallels with the Russian law, and essentially incorporates the features of administrative and civil liability; 5) since in the United States law, civil penalties can have restorative justice nature, a person can be subject to both administrative and criminal liability for the same offence.
Stress within Families of Patients with Psychotic Disorders: Initial Study
Authors: Nurlainah Lida , Rafiyah Imas , Maulana Indra
Published: December 2020

Psychotic disorders are the most severe form of mental illness. The family is the primary supporter of patients with psychosis; as such, the family is likely to experience stress when caring for psychotic patients and assisting in their recovery. Data analysis regarding stress within families could inform the types of support that family members receive. This study aimed to determine stress within families of psychotic patients in Garut, Indonesia. A descriptive study was carried out using a quantitative approach. The samples collected were of the families who visited an outpatient clinic in Garut. A purposive sample of 70 respondents using the Slovin formula (10%) was recruited. Data were collected using the 42 Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire, and univariate analysis was conducted. Results showed that 5.7% of the respondents experienced medium stress, 54.4% experienced mild stress, 41.4% did not experience stress, and only one person (1.4%) experienced severe stress. The findings suggest that families with psychotic patients experience stress. Further research is recommended to examine the factors and levels of stress within families of long-term acute psychotic patients. Abstrak Stres dalam Keluarga Pasien dengan Gangguan Psikotik. Gangguan psikotik adalah bentuk penyakit mental yang paling parah. Keluarga adalah pendukung utama pasien yang menderita psikosis,keluarga cenderung mengalami stres ketika merawat pasien psikotik dan membantu dalam pemulihan mereka. Analisis data mengenai stres keluarga dapat menginformasikan jenis dukungan yang diterima anggota keluarga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui stres keluarga dengan pasien psikotik di Garut, Indonesia. Studi deskriptif dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang dikumpulkan adalah dari keluarga yang mengunjungi klinik rawat jalan di daerah Garut. Sampel purposive dari 70 responden menggunakan rumus Slovin (10%) yang direkrut. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner 42 Depression Anxietystress Scale (DASS) dengan melakukan analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 5,7% responden mengalami stres sedang, 54,4% mengalami stres ringan, 41,4% tidak mengalami stres, dan hanya satu orang (1,4%) mengalami stres berat. Dapat disimpulkan dari temuan bahwa keluarga dengan pasien psikotik mengalami beberapa bentuk stres. Penelitian lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk memeriksa faktor-faktor dan tingkat stres keluarga dengan pasien psikotik akut lama. Kata Kunci: keluarga, psikotik, stres
The theory of the perturbation for Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs equation
Authors: Pan Liu-Xian  , Zuo Wei-Ming  , Yan Jia-Ren  ,   (1)湖南城市学院物理系,益阳  413049; (2)湖南涉外经济学院电子与信息工程系, 长沙  410205; (3)湖南师范大学物理系,长沙  410081
Published: December 2020

The first-order and second-order effects of perturbation on Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs Soliton have been derived,namely,both the slow time-dependence of the soliton parameters and the first-order and second-order correction has been obtained.
Detecting the nonlinearity for time series sampled from continuous dynamic systems
Authors: Lei Min  , Meng Guang  , Feng Zheng-Jin  ,   (1)上海交通大学机电控制研究所,上海200030; (2)上海交通大学振动、冲击、噪声国家重点实验室,上海200030
Published: December 2020

This paper studies the detection of the nonlinearity of time series sampled from continuous dynamics systems by using the surrogate data method. The results show that under the different sampling conditions, the detection finds different nonlinearity of chaotic time series. Especially for the oversampling time series, there can often be some illusive results. For this, we suggest that it is best to apply nonlinear values as testing statistics for detecting nonlinearity of oversampling time series.
Studies on chaotic multiple-quantum-well laser synchronization via controlling phase and its application in secure communication using external chaos phase shift keying modulation
Authors: Yan Sen-Lin  ,   晓庄学院物理系，南京210017
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the control of chaotic externalinjection multiplequantumwell laser synchronization via phasecontrollers is presented and external chaos phase shift keying modulation is proposed for secure communication. Chaotic laser synchronization is numerically achieved under controlling by phasecontrollers. Lasing phase shift is controlled via continuous ON/ON chaos shift keying and chaotic laser signal is transmitted by chaos phase shift keying modulation on end. Chaotic laser demodulation is realized by setting a phase shift of the receiver phasecontrollers. ON/ON chaos phase shift keying communications at bit rates of 01 and 05Gbit/s are numerically simulated. ON/ON chaos phase shift keying communication bit rate，the synchronization characterization and the system parameter mismatch are numerically analyzed, in particular.
Boson expression of hydrogen atom eigenfunction
Authors: Li Xing-Hua  , Yang Ya-Tian  ,   福建师范大学物理与光电信息科技学院,福州  350007
Published: December 2020

The eigenfunction of hydrogen atom is expressed in a unified way with four boson operators and Bogoliubov transformation, and the corresponding relations with t he wave function expressed in spherical coordinates is given as well. The proble m of operator expressions of hydrogen atoms is solved completely.
The main multi-pass amplifier with double-side pumped Ti:sapphire
Authors: Ling Wei-Jun  , Wang Zhao-Hua  , Wang Peng  , Jia Yu-Lei  , Tian Jin-Rong  , Wei Zhi-Yi  ,   中国科学院物理研究所光物理开放实验室，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

Based on the theory of multi_pass amplification, we analyse numerically the character of gain for amplified pulse and design a 6_pass amplifier. With two 13J, 532nm Nd:YAG lasers as the source, amplified pulse energy as high as 1J was obtained, which corresponds to a 38% conversion efficiency.
A study of a kind of hyper chaotic cryptosystem security
Authors: Xie Kun  , Lei Min  , Feng Zheng-Jin  ,   (1)上海交通大学机电控制研究所，上海  200030; (2)新加坡南洋理工大学，新加坡
Published: December 2020

In this note, we apply the sub_sampling idea to the design of the chaotic secure communication system and analyze the Lorenz system and a kind of hyper chaotic system. The result obtained indicates that the security of the cryptosystem is not only determined by the dimension, but also related with the sampling interval. Then, we verify these two systems using the VWK (Volterra_Wiener_Korengerg) nonlinear test and surrogate data test methods.
Phase transition in biaxial nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Liu Hong  , Wang Hui  ,   南京师范大学物理科学与技术学院，南京  210097
Published: December 2020

Assuming a simple biaxial molecular interaction model in nematic liquid crystal, and using the mean field approximation, phase transitions from isotropic to uniaxial nematics, uniaxial to biaxial nematics are obtained. The result obtained shows that at certain temperatures, the biaxial phases are induced by the asymmetry of molecular shape of liquid crystal. In nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, a general relation between order parameters and spectrum frequency splitting is derived, and possible experimental measurement is discussed.
Thermodynamic functions of nanocrystals and its application to the study of phase transformations
Authors: Song Xiao-Yan  , Gao Jin-Ping  , Zhang Jiu-Xing  ,   北京工业大学材料科学与工程学院,新型功能材料教育部重点实验室，北京  100022
Published: December 2020

In the literature, a majority of studies on thermal properties of nanocrystals have taken the thermal features of interfaces as a representative of those of the whole nanocrystal. This treatment may cause big errors in predicting some important parameters such as the transition temperatures and critical sizes of phase for transformation in nanocrystalline materials, when the grain size is larger than several tens of nanometers. In the present paper, a model to calculate the thermodynamic functions of the whole nanocrystal has been developed with the consideration of the effects of both the interfaces and the crystal in the grain interior. The expressions of the enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy, as a functions of the excess free volume at interfaces, temperature and grain size, are derived for single_phase nanocrystals. Using the Co nanocrystal as an example, thermal features of interfaces and the bulk nanocrystal have been compared with the conventional. Furthermore, the characteristics of β_Co→α_Co phase transformation in nanocrystalline materials are studied, the transformation temperatures at different levels of grain size, as well as the critical grain sizes at different temperatures, are predicted and compared with experimental results.
Conductance and thermopower in quantum point contact: effect of magnetic field and temperature
Authors: Li Yu-Xian  , Liu Jian-Jun  , Li Bo-Zang  ,   (1)河北师范大学物理学院，石家庄050016; (2)中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080; (3)中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080;河北师范大学物理学院，石家庄050016
Published: December 2020

We calculate the conductance and thermopower in saddle quantum point contact under a finite temperature and different magnetic fields. The steplike conductance becomes flatter and the length between the peaks of the thermopower becomes longer with increasing magnetic field. The quantization of the conductance is destroyed and the peak structure of the thermopower disapears when the temperature becomes higher.
Mechanism of nodule growth in ion beam sputtering films
Authors: Zhang Dong-Ping  , Qi Hong-Ji  , Shao Jian-Da  , Fan Rui-Ying  , Fan Zheng-Xiu  ,   (1)中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所，上海201800; (2)中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所，上海201800;中国科学院研究生院，北京100864
Published: December 2020

Zirconium singlelayer films were prepared by ion beam sputtering method. By using a novel designed substrate holder in preplanting seeds method, the growth process of the nodular defects in thin films was studied. With the help of high resolution optical microscopy and electron scanning microcopy, the phenomenon that the nodules nucleation exhibits fractal characters in their initial growth period was observed. By using the molecular dynamics theory and diffusion limited aggregation model of film growth, the fractal phenomenon of the nodule nucleation was well explained.
Luminescent properties in Er-Yb-doped oxyfluoride glass ceramics with a nanocrystal line structure
Authors: Meng Jie  , Zhao Li-Juan  , Yu Hua  , Tang Li-Qin  , Liang Qin  , Yu Xuan-Yi  , Tang Bai-Quan  , Su Jing  , Xu Jing-Jun  ,   (1)南开大学物理科学学院光子学中心，天津300071;; (2)南开大学物理科学学院光子学中心，天津300071;南开大学泰达应用物理学院，天津300457
Published: December 2020

Oxyfluoride glass and glass ceramics codoped with Er3+/Yb3+ ions of the same composition were prepared. Nanocrystals in the glass ceramics were formed,characterized by xray diffraction and fluorescence spectra. The measurements by using the differential thermal analysis and the crystal parameter calculation by JuddOfelt theory indicated that the rareearth ions have entered the nanocrystals. At the same time, the ratio of the nanocrystalline phases in glass and glass ceramics before and after annealing was calculated respectively.
Parametric orbit equation and symmetries of classical particle in the field of noncentral force
Authors: Lou Zhi-Mei  ,   绍兴文理学院物理系,绍兴  312000
Published: December 2020

The differential equations of motion of a classical particle in the field of noncentral force are expressed in Ermakov formalism, and the Ermakov invariant is obtained. By rescaling the time, the parametric orbit equations of the classical particle can be expressed in terms of energy H and Ermakov invariant. The Noether symmetry, Lie symmetry and the form invariance of the transformations of two conserved quantities are studied in this paper. The result indicates that the transformations of the two conserved quantities not only possess Noether symmetry but also possess Lie symmetry and form invariance.
New exact solutions for nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations
Authors: Han Zhao-Xiu  ,   浙江工商大学统计与计算科学学院,杭州  310035
Published: December 2020

Using the travelling wave transformation instead of the more general function tr ansformation, the modified Jacobi elliptic function expansion method is improved . Some new periodic solutions of nolinear Klein-Gordon equation are obtained usi ng this method. When modulus m→1 or m→0, these periodic solutions dege nerate to the corresponding solitary wave solutions, trigonometric function solu tions or irregular travelling wave solutions. For some nonlinear equations, the general transformation would degenerate to the travelling wave reduction under certain conditions.
Two-photon resonant nondegenerate four-wave mixing via quantum interference
Authors: Sun Jiang  , Zuo Zhan-Chun  , Mi Xin  , Yu Zu-He  , Wu Ling-An  , Fu Pan-Ming  ,   中国科学院物理研究所光物理实验室，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

We study the quantum interference in two-photon resonant nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NFWM) in a dressed cascade four-level system in which the two upper levels are coupled by a strong laser field. We find that in the presence of a strong coupling field, two-photon resonant NFWM spectrum exhibits Autler-Townes splitting, which reflects the levels of the dressed states. It also leads to either suppression or enhancement of the NFWM signal. This scheme involves the resonant three-photon excitation, therefore, provides a new spectroscopic tool for studying highly excited atomic states with high sensitivity.
Dynamics of two FitzHugh-Nagumo systems with delayed coupling
Authors: Yuan Guo-Yong  , Yang Shi-Ping  , Wang Guang-Rui  , Chen Shi-Gang  ,   (1)北京应用物理与计算数学研究所，北京  100088; (2)河北师范大学物理学院,石家庄  050016; (3)中国工程物理研究院北京研究生部,北京  100088;河北师范大学物理学院,石家庄  050016
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we consider two FitzHugh_Nagumo (FHN) systems with delayed coupling. Firstly, dynamics of two_points with delayed coupling is analyzed. We give parameter regions about the stability of the stationary point. Spiral wave synch ronization, common_stationary states and two different patterns in two systems can be observed. There are more kinds of patterns appearing in transitional reg ions. We also discuss the dynamics of two_points and two FHN reaction_diffusion system with delayed coupling. Quantitative interpretations are given.
Measurements of carrier-envelope-offset in the femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser
Authors: Han Hai-Nian  , Wei Zhi-Yi  , Zhang Jun  , Nie Yu-Xin  ,   (1)中国科学院计量测试高技术联合实验室，北京  100080; (2)中国科学院计量测试高技术联合实验室，北京  100080;中国科学院物理研究所光物理重点实验室，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

It has been an increasing interest in the measurement and control of the carrier-envelope-phase offset (CEO) of femtosecond laser, which leads to an unprecedented progress in both fields of ultrafast laser techniques and frequency metrology. Based on the supercontinuum with a bandwidth of exceeding one octave, we measured and optimized the beat frequency signal by the self-reference technique. A frequency offset of 23 MHz was observed for the Ti:sapphire laser with a power of 500mW and pulse width of 18fs; it corresponds to the CEO of 053π. This work is a significant step toward coherent control of the femtosecond laser.
The colour centers and self-trapped exciton in KMgF33
Authors: Huang Gui-Qin  , Liu Mei  , Chen Ling-Fu  ,   (1)东南大学物理系,南京  210096; (2)南京师范大学物理系,南京  210097
Published: December 2020

The ab initio method is used to model the colour centers and self-trapped excit ons in KMgF33. The geometry optimization of the defect cluster， incl uding the F center， shows that the relaxation of the lattice around the F center is very small. The calculated Mulliken populations for F center in its ground state and excite state show that the ground state wavefunction of F center is well localized, but the excited state wavefunction of it is more diffuse. Furthermore, our results show that the VKK center moves toward the nearby interstitia l site , but keeping the molecular axis along the［110］ direction. The relaxation of the self-trapped excitons consists of an axial translation superimposed wit h a rotation. The calculated excitation energies of F center, VKK ce nter a nd the emission energy of self-trapped exciton are compared with their experim ental values.
Application of the thermal spike model to amorphous latent tracks in polycarbona te
Authors: Sun You-Mei  , Zhu Zhi-Yong  , Wang Zhi-Guang  , Liu Jie  , Zhang Chong-Hong  , Jin Yun-Fan  ,   中国科学院近代物理研究所,兰州  730000
Published: December 2020

To describe the damage process of polymer in the energetic heavy-ion tracks by thermal spike model, polycarbonate foil (PC，Makrofol KG) stacks were irradiated with various swift heavy ions (1158GeVFe5656, 1755GeVXe13 6136 and 2636GeVU238238) in a very wide range of ele ctronic stopping power (from 19 to 171keV/nm) and the range of fluence fro m 1×101010 to 3×101212ions/cm22. The amorphization processes in the irradiated PC were studied by x-ray diffraction. By using the saturated track model (the damaging process only occur in the cyli ndrical track of area σ), the mean damage radii of tracks of the amorphization were calculated for Fe, Xe and U ion irradiation. The results obtained by using the thermal spike model, proved to be reasonable.
Intermartensitic transformation of Ni-Fe-Ga magnetic shape memory alloys
Authors: Zheng Hong-Xing  , Liu Jian  , Xia Ming-Xu  , Li Jian-Guo  ,   上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,上海  200030
Published: December 2020

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to probe the martensitic transformation behaviors of Ni-Fe-Ga magnetic shape memory alloys. A complete intermartensitic transformation was observed in polycrystallineNi56556.5Fe19019.0Ga2452 4.5和Ni56356.3Fe17017.0Ga2672 6.7 alloys, which is stimulated by the change of temperature and include s an intermartensitic transformation and the corresponding retransformation. The intermartensitic transformation and the martensitic transformation are both the rmoelastic and the martensitic phases existing at room temperature are character ized as a monoclinic 14M structure.
Study on electrical properties of n-type transparent and conductiveCdIn22O44 thin film and the optimum preparation parameters for large- area film
Authors: San Hai-Sheng  , Chen Chong  , He Yu-Yang  , Wang Jun  , Feng Bo-Xue  ,   兰州大学磁学与磁性材料教育部重点实验室,兰州  730000
Published: December 2020

Transparent and conductive oxides CdIn22O44 thin films wer e prepared by radio-frequency reactive sputtering from a Cd-In alloy target in Ar+O22 atmosphere. The structure and constitution of the films were obtained by x-ray diffraction. All films prepared contained the polycrystalline CdIn22O44 while a secondar y crystalline phase of CdO was also present. Theoretically, it is proposed that three types of point defects play the most important role in affecting the carri er concentration and the scattering of conduction electrons, namely, oxygen vaca ncies, impure point defects and dissolved surplus oxygen trap centers. By the me asurement and computing for Hall and themopower, we could get carrier concentrat ion, Hall mobility, effective mass and relaxation time. At the same time, this p aper formulated the effect on optical band-gap due to band-gap narrowing and B urstein-Moss (B-M) shift, and a proper substrate temperature, namely Tss≈280℃, was used in sputtering for getting higher transmittance of light. Analy sis indicated that better thin films were prepared at oxygen density of 8%. By p ost-deposition heat treatment, a charge-carrier mobility of 31×10-4-4m2/V·s and resistivity of 189×10-5Ω·m were obtained, and the thin films also retain high visible transmittance.
Realization and output characteristics analysis of the multiple islands single- electron transistors
Authors: Guo Rong-Hui  , Zhao Zheng-Ping  , Hao Yue  , Liu Yu-Gui  , Wu Yi-Bin  , Lü Miao  ,   (1)河北半导体研究所,石家庄  050053; (2)西安电子科技大学微电子研究所,西安  710071
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a new kind of multiple islands single-electron transistor is prepared successfully with indium quantum dots deposited among nanometer-gap electrodes. The output characteristics are tested and the Coulomb blockade effects are observed. As a result, the harmful co-tunneling effects occurring usually in the single island single-electron transistors are weakened significantly, and a big threshold voltage is got. At the end of the paper, the different transport states from source to drain are discussed.
Preparation and luminescence characteristics of Eu-doped nanocrystalline zinc o xide
Authors: Xin Xian-Shuang  , Zhou Bai-Bin  , Lü Shu-Chen  , Su Wen-Hui  ,   (1)哈尔滨工业大学凝聚态科学与技术研究中心，哈尔滨  150001;中国科学院国际材料物理中心，沈阳  110015; (2)哈尔滨师范大学材料物理与化学黑龙江省重点实验室，哈尔滨  150080; (3)哈尔滨师范大学材料物理与化学黑龙江省重点实验室，哈尔滨  150080;哈尔滨工业大学凝聚态科学与技术研究中心，哈尔滨  150001
Published: December 2020

The urea has been used as a precipitant agent to react with soluble Zn2+2+ salt and Eu3+3+ salt for preparing ZnO:Eu3+3+ nanocrystals. The particle size, the crystal structure and morphology of the nan ocrystalline ZnO:Eu3+3+ were characterized by x-ray diffractio n and transmission electron micrograph. Narrow-sized, finely dispersed nanocrys talline ZnO:Eu3+3+ with a small size about 8nm has been obtained by homogeneous precipitation method. By using different preparation methods, obtai ning different dimensions of crystals with different doping concentrations, the luminescence characteristics of nanocrystalline ZnO:Eu3+3+ were stu died. The results indicate that the homogeneous precipitation method is a kind o f superior preparation technique for nano-size doped materials, and also demons trate the feasibility of nanocrystalline ZnO:Eu3+3+ for luminescent applications.
Fuzzy matching of images based on shape description matrix
Authors: Wang Yi  , Zhai Hong-Chen  , Mu Guo-Guang  ,   南开大学现代光学研究所，天津  300071;光电子信息技术科学教育部重点实验室，天津  300071
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a fuzzy matching criterion of membership function based on shape description matrix (SDM) is presented to analyze and compare shape characteristi cs of images. Analysis and experimental result show that by applying this approa ch to image retrieval, more effective image retrieval can be achieved.
Form invariance for Hamiltonian Ermakov systems
Authors: Lou Zhi-Mei  ,   绍兴文理学院物理系，绍兴  312000
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study the Hamiltonian Ermakov systems using the method of form invariance. In terms of the form invariance of the Hamiltonian Ermakov systems,the generator of point symmetry transformations and the partial differential equations for the potential energy are obtained by comparing the coefficients of all monomials.The result indicates that under the point symmetry transformations,only the autonomous Hamiltonian Ermakov systems possess form invariance.
Superposition of two arbitrary coherent states and its quantum statistical properties
Authors: Ma Zhi-Min  , Ma Ai-Qun  , Zeng Ran  , Wang Qu  , Liu Shu-Tian  ,   (1)哈尔滨工业大学应用物理系，哈尔滨  150001; (2)哈尔滨工业大学应用物理系，哈尔滨  150001;珠海市城市职业技术学院，珠海  519015;黑龙江大学物理科学与技术学院，哈尔滨  150080; (3)哈尔滨师范大学呼兰学院物理系，哈尔滨  150500
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the quantum statistical properties of the superposition state,a｜ β〉+beiφ｜mβeiδ〉,which involves two arbitrary coh erent states, are investigated. The results show that this kind of super-positio n states generally exhibits squeezing effect or anti-bunching effect. The quantu m effects of the superposed state depend on β2 and the amplitude coe fficient m, as well as the changes of the phase difference between two coherent states δ, and the phase difference between two superposition coefficients φ al so plays an important role in squeezing or anti-bunching effects.
Ions extraction and collection using the RF resonance method and taking into consideration the sputtering loss
Authors: Xie Guo-Feng  , Wang De-Wu  , Ying Chun-Tong  ,   清华大学工程物理系，北京  100084
Published: December 2020

One_dimensional ions extraction and collection using the RF resonance method is studied by PIC-MCC simulation. The energy and angle distribution of extracted ions is recorded and the sputtering loss is calculated. The results show that compared with parallel electrode method, RF resonance method has advantages such as shorter extraction time, lower collision loss and sputtering loss and higher col lection ratio; the extraction time and collision loss are decreased with increas ing extraction voltage, but the sputtering loss increases and collection ratio d ecreases; collision loss is decreased with increasing magnetic field, but the sp uttering loss increases and collection ratio decreases.
The effects of non-diagonal disorder and dimensions in low-dimensional disordered electronic system
Authors: Song Zhao-Quan  , Xu Hui  , Li Yan-Feng  , Liu Xiao-Liang  ,   中南大学物理学院，长沙  410083
Published: December 2020

Based on the negative eigenvalue theory we discuss the non-diagonal disorder and dimensional effects for the electronic structure in low-dimensional disordered systems. The result shows that: It is the non-diagonal disorder and the dimensio nal effect that strongly affects the electronic structure in the low-dimensional disordered system. The non-diagonal disordered mainly shows the changes of the structure and the boundary effects of the particles in the system. From one- dim ensional system to narrow gap one, the number of the electronic bandgap decrease s, the degree of local states increases, and the structure of the energy gap wil l be more complicated.
Time-resolved photoluminescence of Te isoelectronic center in ZnS
Authors: Yang Xu-Dong  , Xu Zhong-Ying  , Luo Xiang-Dong  , Fang Zai-Li  , Li Guo-Hua  , Su Yin-Qiang  , Ge Wei-Kun  ,   (1)香港科技大学物理系，香港; (2)中国科学院半导体所超晶格国家重点实验室,北京  100083
Published: December 2020

The recombination dynamics of localized exciton in ZnS1-xTex ternary alloys has been investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) in a large Te concentration range from 0005 to 085. It is found that the radiativ e recombination lifetimes of different Te isoelectronic centers show a significa nt difference, varying from a few nanoseconds to tens of nanosecond. The lifetim e reaches a maximum of ～ 40 ns in the sample of x=015. The present result s could be understood in terms of the exciton localization effect. When the Te c oncentration is small, the Te isoelectronic centers evolve gradually from a sing le Te impurity (Te1) to the Te clusters (Ten). The exciton localization is enhanced, resulting in the increase of exciton recombination lifetime. When t he Te concentration is further increased, the Te clusters (Ten) becom e lar ge enough to hybridize the Te localized states and the host valence band states. Therefore, the excitons bound to Te isoelectronic centers become more or less d elocalized, resulting in a shorter lifetime. Furthermore, the concentration depe ndence of the exciton binding energy and the PL intensity variation with tempera ture have been mearsured. The results further confirm the above conclusion.
Investigation of the spectra of Sr2CeO4 due to charge transfer transition
Authors: Fu Shi-Liu  , Dai Jun  , Ding Qiu-Ke  , Zhao Wei-Ren  ,   汕头大学物理系，汕头  515063
Published: December 2020

Sr2CeO4 and Ca2+/Ba2+ doped Sr2 CeO4 samples with two different formation mechanisms were prepared by a solid-state method and their luminescent properties were investigated. For the Sr2CeO4(Ⅰ) sam ples formed by the direct reaction between SrO and CeO2, the peak of the strong excitat ion band appeared at about 256 nm while that for the Sr2CeO4(Ⅱ) sa mples obtained by the reaction between SrCeO3 and SrO was observed at about 279nm. It w as found that the solubility of Ca2+ in Sr2CeO4(Ⅱ) w as very low while Ca2+ could replace part of Sr2+ in Sr2CeO 4(Ⅰ). The substitution of Sr2+ by Ca2+ in Sr2CeO4(Ⅰ) led to r ed shift of the strong excitation band and its spectral shape approached that of Sr2CeO4(Ⅱ) with the in crease of Ca2+. The strong excitation band was attributed to the char ge tr ansfer transition of the terminal Ce4+—O2- bonds of CeO6 octahedr a. The peak of the weak excitation band located at about 340nm remained unchange d in all the samples, however, its intensity was found to increase with red shif t of the strong excitation band. This band might originate from the charge trans fer transition of the equatorial Ce4+—O2- bonds of CeO6 octahedra . The formation mechanism and the doping of Ca2+ had no effect on the emission spectra. Ba2+ was not incorporated in the Sr2CeO 4 phase in any formation mechanism and it only produced a second crystalline phase of BaCeO3.
Spectroscopic properties of new erbium-doped tellurite glass
Authors: Chen Bing-Yan  , Liu Yue-Hui  , Chen Dong-Dan  , Jiang Zhong-Hong  ,   (1)华南理工大学 光通信材料研究所，广州  510640;特种功能材料及其制备新技术教育部重点实验室(华南理工大学)，广州  510640; (2)华南理工大学 光通信材料研究所，广州  510640;特种功能材料及其制备新技术教育部重点实验室(华南理工大学)，广州  510640;中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所，上海  201800
Published: December 2020

A new Er3+-doped tellurite glass has been studied. According to the a bsorp tion spectrum, Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters were determined and used to calcu late the radiation rates, fluorescent branch ratio and radiative lifetimes of Er 3+ in Er3+-doped tellurite glasses. The J-O parameters wer e o btained as follows, Ω2=479×10-20cm2,Ω 4=152×10 -20cm2,Ω6=070×10-20cm2. The stimulated emission cross-sections (σ e=1040×10-21cm2)， of the Er3+ io n 4I13/2→ 4I15/2 transition was calculated using the McCumber th eory. The FWHM(FWH M=655nm) of the 4I13/2→4I 15/2 emission and lifetimes of every level of Er3+ ion were measured and the lifetime of 4I1 3/2 level obtained is 399ms. The spectroscopic properties of Er3+ ion were compared with those in different glasses. These studies indicate that tellu rite glass is much more beneficial for optical fiber amplifiber to realize broad band and high gain amplification.
Hardness and microstructure of the nanocrystallined TiN coating by reactive plasma spray
Authors: Feng Wen-Ran  , Yan Dian-Ran  , He Ji-Ning  , Chen Guang-Liang  , Gu Wei-Chao  , Zhang Gu-Ling  , Liu Chi-Zi  , Yang Si-Ze  ,   (1)河北工业大学材料学院,天津  300130; (2)中国科学院物理研究所,北京  100080; (3)中国科学院物理研究所,北京  100080;河北工业大学材料学院,天津  300130
Published: December 2020

The basic idea of the reactive plasma spray (RPS) was presented. The TiN coating was successfully deposited on Q235 steel substrate by using the gas_tunnel plasma spray gun via RPS. Micro_hardness of the TiN coating under different loads has been measured, revealing an obvious indentation size effect, and a weak work_hardening effect. XRD, TEM and HRTEM were employed to analyze the prepared coating samples. Results obtained show that nanocrystalline TiN coating has been achieved via RPS, which is composed of TiN crystals of about 57—70nm in diameter and the amorphous TiN.
Influence of quantum degeneracy on the performance of a Stirling refrigeration cycle
Authors: He Ji-Zhou  , Wang Lei  , Li Jun-Bin  ,   (1)江西交通职业技术学院,南昌  330013; (2)南昌大学建筑系, 南昌  330029; (3)南昌大学物理系, 南昌  330047
Published: December 2020

Based on the equation of state of the ideal quantum gas, regenerative characteristics of the quantum Stirling refrigeration cycle is analyzed. The general expression for the coefficient of performance is derived. Under the condition of strong and weak gas degeneracy, the special expressions for the coefficient of performance are discussed. These results will be significant for the research of a Stirling refrigerator in the low temperature range.
Tunnel current in carbon fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Luo Lai-Long  ,   武汉理工大学理学院，武汉  430063
Published: December 2020

For tunnel systems in carbon fiber_reinforced concrete, the train of thoughts of approximate calculation using the variational method is precented. And approxim ate Hamitonian quantity of the tunnel system by Lwdin transform is obtained.Th en the tunnel current through the potential barrier is deduced.
On double-peak probability density functions of a Duffing oscillator under narrow-band random excitations
Authors: Rong Hai-Wu  , Wang Xiang-Dong  , Xu Wei  , Meng Guang  , Fang Tong  ,   (1)佛山大学数学系，佛山  528000; (2)佛山大学数学系，佛山  528000;上海交通大学振动、冲击、噪声国家重点实验室，上海  200030; (3)上海交通大学振动、冲击、噪声国家重点实验室，上海  200030; (4)西北工业大学数学系，西安  710072
Published: December 2020

The principal resonance of Duffing oscillator under the narrow-band random exter nal excitation is investigated. The method of multiple scales is used to determi ne the equations of modulation of amplitude and phase. The one-peak probability density function of each of the two stable stationary solutions is then calculat ed by perturbation analysis in the resonant case. These two functions are combin ed by using the probability of realization of the two stable stationary solutions to calculate the double_peak probability density function approximately. Theor etical analyses are verified by numerical results.
Stochastic resonance for periodically modulated noise in a linear system
Authors: Jin Yan-Fei  , Xu Wei  , Li Wei  , Xu Meng  ,   (1)西北工业大学应用数学系，西安  710072; (2)西北工业大学自动控制系，西安  710072
Published: December 2020

Stochastic resonance (SR) in an overdamped linear system with periodically modul ated noise is studied. The explicit expressions of the first two moments and sig nal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are obtained when we introduce the asymmetric dichotomo us noises to the system. Through analyzing the SNR, we find the bona fide SR and conventional SR. Meanwhile, the effects of the asymmetry and correlation time o f the multiplicative noise and cross_correlated noise intensity on the SNR are d iscussed.
One-dimensional traffic cellular automaton model with considering the vehicle moving status
Authors: Hua Wei  , Lin Bo-Liang  ,   北京交通大学交通运输智能技术和系统教育部重点实验室,北京  100044
Published: December 2020

Based on the single lane traffic cellular automaton(CA) model introduced by Nagel and Schreckenberg(called NS model), Xue Yu et al proposed an improved single lane traffic CA model by considering the relative motion of vehicles(called i mproved NS model).Several faults in the improved NS model using two examples is pointed out and also another single lane traffic CA model by introducing vehicle _moving_status variable and feedback rule is proposed. These methods help to pre vent vehicle from moving backward and stopping hurry. Numerical simulations are carried out and the results indicate that the deceleration probability and traff ic density have a heavy impact on the evolution process of traffic flow. Under t he condition of high deceleration probability, there may happen local traffic ja ms even with low traffic density. And with a constant deceleration probability, the global free phases and jam phases will appear alternately as the traffic den sity increases to a certain level. The phenomenon is very similar to the propaga tion of wave. The traffic flow is higher in the new model than in the improved N S model. This proves that the stop status of the whole traffic flow has been imp roved.
Analysis of atom focusing for nanostructure fabrication with a completely off-resonant optical standing wave
Authors: Chen Xian-Zhong  , Yao Han-Min  , Chen Xu-Nan  ,   中国科学院光电技术研究所微细加工光学技术国家重点实验室，成都  610209
Published: December 2020

The focusing of a thermal atomic beam to nanometer_scale dimensions can be rea lized by a completely off_resonant standing_wave laser field, which can decrease the difficulty of atom lithography experiments. The effects of atom source on a tom focusing are analyzed using the Monte_Carlo scheme and trajectory tracing me thod, and the simulation results have shown that the effective size of the targe t has a much more important effect on feature width than beam spread and longitu dinal velocity spread. Several methods for improving experiments are presented.
Aluminum-induced crystallization during deposition of silicon films by inductively coupled plasma CVD
Authors: Wang Xiao-Qiang  , Li Jun-Shuai  , Chen Qiang  , Qi Jing  , Yin Min  , He De-Yan  ,   兰州大学物理系,兰州  730000
Published: December 2020

Silicon thin films were deposited on Al-coated glass substrates by inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition(ICP-CVD) in SiH4/H2 mixtures at a low temperature of 350℃. The structure of the films was characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectrum, atomic force microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. It has been shown that the films are of a highly ordered structure with a strong (111) orientation. Grain size is larger than 300 nm. There is no residual Al in the films. Considering the high electron density in inductively coupled plasma, a preliminary interpretation is given for the mechanism of Al-induced crystallization during low-temperature deposition of Si films.
Experimental generation of two EPR entangled states with classical coherence
Authors: Jia Xiao-Jun  , Su Xiao-Long  , Pan Qing  , Xie Chang-De  , Peng Kun-Chi  ,   量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室，山西大学光电研究所，太原  030006
Published: December 2020

Quantum entanglement swapping, i.e. the teleportation of entanglement state, i s a basic method used for developing quantum communication and quantum informati on network. It is necessary to produce two independent entangled states for impl ementing the quantum entanglement swapping. To experimentally demonstrate the en tanglement swapping of continuous variables, we should firstly generate two elec tron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) entangled states with classical coherence and w ithout any correlation of quantum fluctuation. Using a home_made continuous Nd3+YAP/KTP laser to pump two nondegenarate optical parametric amplifiers with the same configuration, we obtained a pair of independent EPR entangled states with classical coherence. The experimental technology of generating two sets of EPR beams is introduced and the influence of mode match on the detection of quan tum correlation is discussed.
Dynamical evolution of rigid holographic bright solitons based on photorefractive two-wave mixing with moving grating
Authors: Liu Jin-Song  , Du Ze-Ming  ,   华中科技大学激光技术国家重点实验室,武汉  430074
Published: December 2020

It has been investigated that dynamical evolutions of spatial optical solitons i n dissipative photorefractive systems based on two-wave mixing with a moving gra ting. Numerical results show that the stability of rigid photorefractive hologra phic solitons in such systems depends strongly on the system parameters. The sol iton for some sets of system parameters can propagate stably in the crystal over a distance that is long enough. The larger the ratio of the phase to intensity coupling coefficient of two-wave mixing, the better the stability of solitons. P otential application in optical switches, repeaters or splitters is discussed.
Molecular dynamics simulation for thermophysical parameters of sodium chloride solids at high temperature and high pressure
Authors: Cui Shou-Xin  , Cai Ling-Cang  , Hu Hai-Quan  , Guo Yong-Xin  , Xiang Shi-Kai  , Jing Fu-Qian  ,   (1)辽宁大学物理系，沈阳  110036; (2)聊城大学物理科学与信息工程学院，聊城  252059; (3)聊城大学物理科学与信息工程学院，聊城  252059;中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验室，绵阳   621900;辽宁大学物理系，沈阳  110036; (4)中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验室，绵阳   621900
Published: December 2020

By means of molecular dynamics simulation and the effective optimized two_body Tosi-Fumi potential, the isothermal compression curve and thermophysical parameters of sodium chloride solids in the temperature range 298—1073?K are calculat ed.The result demonstrates that the Gruneisen parameter of sodium chloride γ= γ0(V/V0)q is approximately correct in the te mperature range 298—1073? K and the pressure range 0—80?GPa,and the exponent q in the formula is abo ut 1078.
Repulsion mechanism of nanoparticle colliding with monocrystalline silicon surface
Authors: Duan Fang-Li  , Luo Jian-Bin  , Wen Shi-Zhu  ,   清华大学摩擦学国家重点实验室，北京  100084
Published: December 2020

Molecular dynamics simulation of nanoparticle colliding with monocrystalline silicon surface has been carried out in order to investigate the repulsion behavior of nanoparticles. The dynamical behavior of the nanoparticle, the atomistic structure of elastic and plastic deformation of the substrate, and the transformati on of energy during the collision process are analyzed. A hemispherical crater i s formed on the Si(001) substrate, and there exists an amorphous layer on the wa ll of the crater. In the collision process, the atoms of the substrate that lie near the nanoparticles transform to amorphoustate immediately. And the elastic d eformation which is characterized by the reversible (111)［110］ glide structure is produced outside the amorphous layer. During the incidence stage, the substr ate undergoes compressed elastic deformation. And during the repulsion stage, th e potential energy of the substrate declines oscillatory with compressed elastic deformation and tensed elastic deformation formed alternately. The compressed e lastic deformation energy stored in the substrate is transferred to the transnat ional kinetic energy of the nanoparticle, which forces it back from the surface.
Molecular dynamics study on self-assembly of C36 clusters
Authors: Wang Yin  , Li Peng  , Ning Xi-Jing  ,   (1)复旦大学现代物理研究所，上海  200433; (2)复旦大学现代物理研究所，上海  200433;复旦大学材料科学系，上海  200433
Published: December 2020

A tentative plan to prepare new clusters by self-assembly of C36 clusters in gas-phase is given in this paper. The growth process of the carbon clusters under a real He atmosphere is simulated by molecular dynamics method. We find that the ambient temperature is the key factor to affect the final structures of the n ew clusters: from 1000 to 2000 K, the new clusters keep a pod shape after self-assembly of C36 clusters; and above 2000 K, the structures of the final clusters change into a ball shape.
Structural and optical properties and charge transfer study for C60-PMMA composite films
Authors: Ma Hua-Li  , Li Ying-Lan  , Yang Bao-Hua  , Wang Feng  ,   北京理工大学理学院物理系，北京  100081
Published: December 2020

C60-PMMA composite films were prepared by the sol-gel method, and the structure, Uv-Vis absorption, Raman scattering, IR absorption of the films were s tudied. The charge-transfer effect was studied between C60 and PMMA by an alyzing their Uv-Vis absorption spectra, Raman scattering spectra, IR absorption spectra.
Investigations of magnetic interactions and spin-Hamiltonian parameters for 4B1(3d3) state ion in a tetragonal crystal field
Authors: Yang Zi-Yuan  , Hao Yue  ,   (1)西安电子科技大学微电子所，西安  710071; (2)西安电子科技大学微电子所，西安  710071;宝鸡文理学院物理系，化学物理研究所，宝鸡  721007
Published: December 2020

The magnetic interactions as well as the microscopic origins of the spin_Hamilto nian (SH) parameters including b02, g∥, g⊥,Δg for 4B 1(3d3) state ion in a tetragonal crystal field have been investigated usin g the complete diagonalization method (CDM). It is found that the contribution t o the spin_Hamiltonian parameters arising from the spin_orbit (SO) magnetic inte raction is the most important for most part of the crystal field (CF) ranges. H owever, the contributions to the zero_field split (ZFS) parameter b02 fr om the other three mechanisms including the SS mechanism and SOO mechanism as we ll as SO_SS_SOO combined coupling mechanism exceed 20% for most part of the CF ranges, especially for some CF ranges, in which the contributions to the ZFS pa rameter b02 from the other three mechanisms exceed tha t from the SO mech anism. It is shown in present studies that the approximate expression of ZFS par ameter b02 developed by Macfarlane is not convergent f or most part of t he CF ranges. The microscopic origins of the splitting in the lowest existing st ate 2Eg are studied. Different mechanisms of the splitting 2 Eg state for C4v and C3v crystal fiel ds are explained using group theory.
Effect of proton implantation on photoluminescence of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots
Authors: Tang Nai-Yun  , Ji Ya-Lin  , Chen Xiao-Shuang  , Lu Wei  ,   中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 红外物理国家重点实验室  200083
Published: December 2020

Both the effects of the intermixing induced by the implantation dose and the annealing temperature on the light-emission efficiency of the quantum dots are studied. The intensities of photoluminesce (PL) are determined by the carriers c apture time and non-radiative center lifetime.Annealing can partly eliminate the non-radiative center (NRC), so the NRC generation rate is a sublinear function of the proton dose (N). The carrier capture efficiency enhancement is induce d by intermixing and degradation by the implantation damage which mutually compe te, so there exists a critical implantation dose (NC). When N is less than NC, the intermixing is the main effect and the PL intensity increases with the implantation dose. On the other hand, when N is larger than N C, the implantation damge is so large that the intensity decreases wi th the do se. The higher the annealing temperature, the larger the NC becom es.