bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dental prophylaxis influence in tooth color assessment—Clinical study
Authors: Pereira Ruben , Corado Daniela , Silveira João , Alves Rita , Mata António , Marques Duarte
Published: May 2020

Objective

To evaluate dental prophylaxis influence in tooth color assessment with the use of different methods.

Materials and methods

Volunteers were consecutively recruited and screened according to appropriate inclusion/exclusion criteria. Each participant's upper right central incisive and canine color was measured before and after dental prophylaxis with a one‐week interval. Tooth color assessment was performed by calibrated operators and the patient using a VITA Classical shade guide and by spectrophotometric methods with a proper device (SpectroShade). Color was reported as mean with SD of Commission Internationale De l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* values, ΔEab and ΔE00. One‐way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc were performed to assess differences between methods and paired t test for assessing differences in tooth color coordinates after dental prophylaxis. Values of P < .05 were taken as significant.

Results

Fifty patients were included. Self‐assessed dental prophylaxis effects equated to a significantly different mean ΔE00 value of 2.3 ± 1.7 (P < .01), when compared to the calibrated operator reported 0.8 ± 1.1 and the spectrophotometer 1.0 ± 0.5. Half of volunteer's ΔE00 values surpassed the acceptability threshold, when compared to 28% from investigator and 10% from spectrophotometer.

Conclusion

Performing a dental prophylaxis did have an influence in tooth color perception with a higher self‐perceived effect in the patient assessment.

Clinical significance

The results of this study suggest that performing professional dental prophylaxis presented a perceived effect in tooth color regardless of the method used being that patients precepted whiter and less yellowish teeth. Since extrinsic stain is considered as one of the factors that could influence tooth color assessment, performing professional dental prophylaxis prior to composite or ceramic color selection in anterior teeth restorations could consequently increase treatment predictability.
A Primer for the Use of Multilevel Models in Couple and Family Therapy Research
Authors: Bartle‐Haring Suzanne , Washburn‐Busk Michelle , VanBergen Alexandra
Published: May 2020

This article serves as a primer for understanding how to use multilevel modeling (MLM) techniques in couple and family therapy outcome and process research. It outlines the use of HLM and Mplus—two of many software programs that can perform multilevel modeling—and provides an applied example of using MLM to investigate the use of postsession feedback on couple satisfaction and change, as well as the influence of trauma on the use of postsession feedback. Two graduate students in COAMFTE accredited PhD programs read the primer and provided questions to the first author that arose. Answers to these questions have been incorporated throughout the explanation of this methodological approach in hopes of addressing common stuck points for those using MLM.
Multislice image simulations of sheared needle‐like precipitates in an Al‐Mg‐Si alloy
Authors: CHRISTIANSEN E. , RINGDALEN I.G. , BJØRGE R. , MARIOARA C.D. , HOLMESTAD R.
Published: May 2020

The image contrast of sheared needle‐like precipitates in the Al‐Mg‐Si alloy system is investigated with respect to shear‐plane positions, the number of shear‐planes, and the active matrix slip systems through multislice transmission electron microscopy image simulations and the frozen phonon approximation. It is found that annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF STEM) images are mostly affected by shear‐planes within a distance ∼6–18 unit cells from the specimen surface, whereas about 5–10 equidistant shear‐planes are required to produce clear differences in HRTEM images. The contrast of the images is affected by the Burgers vector of the slip, but not the slip plane. The simulation results are discussed and compared to experimental data.

Lay Description

Pure aluminium is too soft to be viable in most structural applications, but this may be remedied by alloying the metal with various elements. Adding small amounts of silicon and magnesium to pure aluminium allows small particles to precipitate during heat treatment. These precipitates resist plastic deformation and can increase the strength of the alloy and make it viable for a range of industrial applications, such as automotive door panels and load‐bearing profiles. However, if subjected to large loads, the precipitates are sheared and the strength of the alloy changes dynamically. Designing safe products such as cars or buildings require physically based predictions on this dynamical change. Developing models that can provide such predictions depend in turn on experimental observations of the shearing process. Because the precipitates are nm long, experimental observations must be done by transmission electron microscopy. However, understanding these results sometimes require computer simulations of atomic models. In this work, we have performed image simulations of various models of sheared precipitates and compared the results with earlier experiments. The simulations indicate that certain conditions must be met for the sheared precipitates to appear different from unsheared precipitates. These conditions are most likely to be met if precipitates are sheared several times in a relatively homogeneous manner. This is important for two reasons. First, a localized shearing process would lead to large dynamical changes in precipitate strength during deformation, and in turn drastically reduce the work hardening of the alloy. Secondly, a localized shearing process would have promoted earlier fracture and failure of the alloy during deformation. Finally, our results also show how different slip directions influences the images of precipitates. In the future, these influences can be used to further understand the shearing process of these precipitates. Hence, our results can be used to improve model predictions of strength, work hardening, and fracture. In turn, this may improve alloy design and reduce the use of prototype testing in, e.g. the automotive industry.
Role of sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration
Authors: Alaamery Manal , Albesher Nour , Aljawini Nora , Alsuwailm Moneera , Massadeh Salam , Wheeler Michael A. , Chao Chun‐Cheih , Quintana Francisco J.
Published: May 2020

Sphingolipids are a class of lipids highly enriched in the central nervous system (CNS), which shows great diversity and complexity, and has been implicated in CNS development and function. Alterations in sphingolipid metabolism have been described in multiple diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss the role of sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration, evaluating its direct roles in neuron development and health, and also in the induction of neurotoxic activities in CNS‐resident astrocytes and microglia in the context of neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we focus on the metabolism of gangliosides and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, its contribution to the pathogenesis of neurologic diseases, and its potential as a candidate target for the therapeutic modulation of neurodegeneration.

image
Doctors’ identity transitions: Choosing to occupy a state of ‘betwixt and between’
Authors: Gordon Lisi , Rees Charlotte E. , Jindal‐Snape Divya
Published: May 2020

Context

During transitions, doctors engage in identity work to adapt to changes in multiple domains. Accompanied by this are dynamic ‘liminal’ phases. Definitions of liminality denote a state of being ‘betwixt and between’ identities. From a social constructionist perspective, being betwixt and between professional identities may either involve a sense of disrupted self, requiring identity work to move through and out of being betwixt and between (ie, temporary liminality), or refer to the experiences of temporary workers (eg, locum doctors) or those in dual roles (eg, clinician‐managers) who find themselves perpetually betwixt and between professional identities (ie, perpetual liminality) and use identity work to make themselves contextually relevant. In the health care literature, liminality is conceptualised as a linear process, but this does not align with current notions of transitions that are depicted as multiple, complex and non‐linear.

Methods

We undertook a longitudinal narrative inquiry study using audio‐diaries to explore how doctors experience liminality during trainee‐to‐trained transitions. In three phases, we: (a) interviewed 20 doctors about his or her trainee‐to‐trained transitions; (b) collected longitudinal audio‐diaries from 17 doctors for 6‐9 months, and (c) undertook exit interviews with these 17 doctors. Data were analysed thematically, both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, using identity work theory as an analytical lens.

Results

All participants experienced liminality. Our analysis enabled us to identify temporary and perpetual liminal experiences. Furthermore, fine‐grained analysis of participants’ identity talk enabled us to identify points in participants’ journeys at which he or she rejected identity grants associated with his or her trained status and instead preferred to remain in and thus occupy liminality (ie, neither trainee nor trained doctor).

Conclusions

This paper is the first to explore longitudinally doctors’ liminal experiences through trainee‐to‐trained transitions. Our findings also make conceptual contributions to the health care literature, as well as the wider interdisciplinary liminality literature, by adding further layers to conceptualisations and introducing the notion of occupying liminality.
Endothelial progenitors increase vascularization and improve fibroblasts function that prevent medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Doppelt Ofri , Cohen Gal , Tamari Tal , Elimelech Rina , Sabbah Nadin , Zigdon‐Giladi Hadar
Published: May 2020

Objectives

In a previous rat model, MRONJ occurrence was 50%. Our aim was to investigate the potential of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to improve fibroblasts function and prevent MRONJ.

Methods

Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured with EPC‐conditioned media (EPC‐CM); endothelial growth media (EGM‐2) or DMEM followed by incubation with 10 µM zoledronic (ZOL) and dexamethasone (DEX). Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by XTT and scratch wound healing assays. In vivo, ten Lewis rats were treated weekly with ZOL and DEX for 11 weeks. After a week, EPCs or EGM‐2 were injected to the gingiva around the molars. At 3 weeks, bilateral molars were extracted. After 8 weeks, wound healing was assessed, and serum VEGF and blood vessels were quantified.

Results

ZOL/DEX significantly reduced fibroblasts proliferation and wound healing. Treatment with EPC‐CM before ZOL/DEX improved cell proliferation, and scratch healing (p = .007, p = .023). In vivo, local EPC injection before tooth extraction increased serum VEGF (p = .01) and soft tissue vascularization (p = .05). Normal healing was similar (80%) in EPCs and EGM‐2 groups.

Conclusion

EPC rescued fibroblasts from the cytotoxic effect of ZOL/DEX and elevated serum VEGF and vessel density that might reduce MRONJ occurrence to 20% compared to 50% in a similar model.
Orexin B affects the transcriptome of incubated in vitro porcine endometrial explants from the early‐implantation period
Authors: Dobrzyn Kamil , Kiezun Marta , Szeszko Karol , Kisielewska Katarzyna , Rytelewska Edyta , Gudelska Marlena , Zaobidna Ewa , Bors Kinga , Kopij Grzegorz , Szymanska Karolina , Kaminska Barbara , Kaminski Tadeusz , Smolinska Nina
Published: May 2020

This study determined the effect of orexin B (OXB) on the porcine endometrial transcriptome during the embryo attachment phase. Microarray analyses of gene ontology (GO), biological pathways, networks and differentially expressed genes (DEG) were performed. Orexin B influenced the expression of 887 genes (fold change > 1.2; p < .05): 620 genes were up‐regulated, and 267 were down‐regulated. The analysis of the relationship between DEG revealed that OXB interacts with genes linked with processes such as cell hormone binding, regulation of hormone levels, lipid transport, steroid metabolic processes, the apoptotic signalling pathway and the acute inflammatory response, which are pivotal for reproductive success. Orexin B played a bivalent role in the early‐pregnant uterus by limiting the pregnancy outcome, promoting embryo development, suppressing the immune system and, consequently, preventing embryo rejection. These findings suggest that OXB could be responsible for the proper course of gestation by adapting litter size to the metabolic status of the maternal organism.
Enhanced weed‐crop competition effects on growth and seed production of herbicide‐resistant and herbicide‐susceptible annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus)
Authors: Mobli Ahmadreza , Sahil  , Yadav Rajpaul , Chauhan Bhagirath S.
Published: May 2020

Enhanced crop competition could aid in the management of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), a dominant weed of Australian cropping systems. A two‐year pot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting densities (0, 82, and 164 wheat plants/m2) on growth and seed production of glyphosate‐resistant (GR) and glyphosate‐susceptible (GS) biotypes of annual sowthistle. Without competition, both biotypes produced a similar number of leaves and biomass, but the GS biotype produced 80% more seeds (46,050 per plant) than the GR biotype. In competition with 164 wheat plants/m2, the number of leaves in the GR and GS biotypes was reduced by 62 and 61%, respectively, in comparison with the no‐competition treatment, and similarly, weed biomass was reduced by 78 and 77%, respectively. Compared to no‐competition treatment, the seed production of GR and GS biotypes was reduced by 33 and 69%, respectively, when grown with 82 wheat plants/m2, but increasing wheat density from 82 to 164 plants/m2 reduced the number of seeds only in the GS biotype (81%). Both biotypes produced greater than 6,000 seeds per plant when grown in competition with 164 plants/m2, suggesting that increased crop density should be integrated with other weed management strategies for efficient control of annual sowthistle.
Extending Impression Management Theory: The Need for Privacy vs. the Need to Express Information on Instant Messaging Apps
Authors: Grebelsky-Lichtman Tsfira , Adato Ziv , Traeger Shira
Published: May 2020

Impression management (IM) is a central assertion in interpersonal communication. There is increasing interest in exploring IM in new media. However, studies exploring IM in popular instant-messaging apps are lacking. Our main aims in the present study are to fill this gap and extend IM theory toward an innovative theoretical and analytical framework of computer-mediated communication (CMC). This study analyzed the popular instant-messaging app WhatsApp, the largest app for social chatting that has users all over the world.We utilized a multi-variant design of quantitative and qualitative analysis, and conducted content analysis of WhatsApp profiles (n=546); an online survey of WhatsApp users (n=600); and in-depth interpersonal interviews (n=30). The findings demonstrate the structure, motivations, and communication functions of CMC IM. The proposed framework provides composite theoretical explanations, of psychological and sociological perspectives, for the IM’s conflicting motivations: the need for privacy and the need to express information. Moreover, this study delineates the effect of gender and marital status on IM through instant-messaging app. The theoretical and analytical framework develops an impression construct that both reduces and increases information, which activates synchronous and asynchronous features of instant-messaging apps, which affects interpersonal communication.
Effect of Rotation on Leakage and Windage Heating in Labyrinth Seals With Honeycomb Lands
Authors: Nayak Kali Charan
Published: May 2020

One of the basic assumptions of the traditional labyrinth seal leakage calculation is that rotation has minimal or no effect on seal leakage. With the advancement of gas turbine technology, to achieve high performance, seals are run at tight clearances and very high rotational speeds. Due to tight clearances and high speeds, the temperature rise across the seal can be very significant in reducing the seal flow due to the Raleigh line effect. The influence of rotation on the flow dynamics inside the seal region has not previously been studied in detail. In this study the effect of rotation is studied for smooth and honeycomb cells at various seal clearances and rotational speeds. The main objective of this study is to understand the influence of rotation on seal leakage. However, the effect of rotation on swirl and windage heating is also investigated. For this study, the author leveraged the validated 3D computational fluid dynamics methodology for a stationary and rotating labyrinth from previous studies. However, before performing studies on rotation, the numerical modeling approach is benchmarked against experimental data on rotation with smooth stator lands by Waschka et al. The numerical predictions show good agreement with the experimental data. As the rotational speed increases, seal discharge coefficient remains constant until a critical rotational speed is reached. This critical speed is shown to depend non-dimensionally on the ratio of Taylor number to Reynolds number (Ta/Re). As Ta/Re increases above 0.1, seal discharge coefficient can reduce by up to 25% depending on the seal clearance, fin tip speed, and honeycomb cell size.
Block copolymer directed self-assembly defect modes induced by localized errors in chemoepitaxial guiding underlayers: A molecular simulation study
Authors: Delony Jakin B. , Ludovice Peter J. , Henderson Clifford L.
Published: May 2020

Block copolymer (BCP) directed self-assembly (DSA) has been presented as a potential economically attractive enhancement to extend the capabilities of optical lithography for semiconductor manufacturing. One concern in DSA is the level of defectivity that can be achieved in such a process. Although entropic effects will always lead to some degree of defectivity, highly ordered structures with a low theoretical equilibrium defect density can be produced by guiding the ordering and placement of the BCP domains using a patterned underlayer. Recent experimental studies have shown that while DSA processes can significantly reduce the observed defect density, defectivity levels are generally still higher than allowable for high-volume manufacturing and higher than what would be anticipated from free energy estimates of the observed defect modes. In particular, bridge defects are one of the most commonly observed defect modes in experimental DSA studies. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origins of these defects. One hypothesis is that so-called affinity defects present in the underlayer can spawn bridge defects in the overlying BCP film. The goal of the work reported here was to investigate the extent to which bridge defects can be generated or further reinforced in lamellae-forming block copolymer films due to affinity defects in the underlayer pattern. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were used to simulate the chemoepitaxial DSA of monodisperse block copolymer films atop underlayers with varying affinity defect sizes. Affinity defects were simulated by creating circular regions of a single polymer block type (which is the opposite block type of that used to pattern the underlayer guiding stripes) in the nominally neutral background region of the underlayer. These affinity defects were positioned in regions of the underlayer where they were the incorrect type to match the overlying block copolymer pattern. It was observed that the presence of an affinity defect in the neutral region of the underlayer caused the energetically preferential polymer block to wet the affinity defect, thus creating the nucleus of what could potentially become a bridge defect—even when the affinity defects were very small. As the radius of the underlayer affinity defect (RoD) increased, the amount of block copolymer of incorrect type (with respect to a perfectly assembled copolymer pattern) that assembled above the affinity defect increased; but, in general, the thickness of the wetting layer in contact with the affinity defect was only roughly one polymer chain thick. These data suggest that an affinity defect in the underlayer alone is unlikely to be noticeably enhanced by significant bridge defect formation in a monodisperse block copolymer film.
Using Data Analytics to Create a Digital Strategy That Drives Engagement and Views on Social Media
Authors: Pierce David , Sherman Geoffre
Published: May 2020

Students are placed into a consulting role with SPT, a sport marketing agency hired to help a sports organization create a new strategy for video content creation on social media. Students are provided a large data set in Tableau with analytics that hold the key to increasing the team’s engagement and views of videos on social media. Can your students find the insights in the data to drive a new video strategy for social media? Can they turn those insights into a creative content plan that will engage and win fans in the future? Students will have the opportunity to demonstrate creativity and innovation, data-based decision making, and digital literacy.
Local sympathetic innervations modulate the lung innate immune responses
Authors: Liu Tingting , Yang Lu , Han Xiangli , Ding Xiaofan , Li Jiali , Yang Jing
Published: May 2020

Local sympathetic innervations negatively modulate the LPS- or IL-33–elicited innate immune response in the lung.
Lidar reveals activity anomaly of malaria vectors during pan-African eclipse
Authors: Brydegaard Mikkel , Jansson Samuel , Malmqvist Elin , Mlacha Yeromin P. , Gebru Alem , Okumu Fredros , Killeen Gerry F. , Kirkeby Carsten
Published: May 2020

Free flying mosquitoes in the Tanzanian countryside confused by eclipse were classified by novel laser radar surveillance.
A novel proangiogenic B cell subset is increased in cancer and chronic inflammation
Authors: van de Veen Willem , Globinska Anna , Jansen Kirstin , Straumann Alex , Kubo Terufumi , Verschoor Daniëlle , Wirz Oliver F. , Castro-Giner Francesc , Tan Ge , Rückert Beate , Ochsner Urs , Herrmann Marietta , Stanić Barbara , van Splunter Marloes , Huntjens Daan , Wallimann Alexandra , Fonseca Guevara Rodney J. , Spits Hergen , Ignatova Desislava , Chang Yun-Tsan , Fassnacht Christina , Guenova Emmanuella , Flatz Lukas , Akdis Cezmi A. , Akdis Mübeccel
Published: May 2020

A novel B cell subset that produces proangiogenic cytokines is increased in pathologies associated with angiogenesis.
Competition between PAF1 and MLL1/COMPASS confers the opposing function of LEDGF/p75 in HIV latency and proviral reactivation
Authors: Gao Ru , Bao Jiaqian , Yan Han , Xie Liya , Qin Wanchang , Ning Hanhan , Huang Shuqi , Cheng Jun , Zhi Renyong , Li Zexing , Tucker Bronwyn , Chen Yupeng , Zhang Kai , Wu Xudong , Liu Zhe , Gao Xin , Hu Deqing
Published: May 2020

LEDGF/p75 differentially regulates viral transcription during HIV latency and proviral reactivation.
Self-driving laboratory for accelerated discovery of thin-film materials
Authors: MacLeod B. P. , Parlane F. G. L. , Morrissey T. D. , Häse F. , Roch L. M. , Dettelbach K. E. , Moreira R. , Yunker L. P. E. , Rooney M. B. , Deeth J. R. , Lai V. , Ng G. J. , Situ H. , Zhang R. H. , Elliott M. S. , Haley T. H. , Dvorak D. J. , Aspuru-Guzik A. , Hein J. E. , Berlinguette C. P.
Published: May 2020

An autonomous laboratory for thin film discovery is used to optimize the doping and annealing of organic semiconductors.
Cassowary gloss and a novel form of structural color in birds
Authors: Eliason Chad M. , Clarke Julia A.
Published: May 2020

An integrative approach reveals strategies for producing conspicuous structural coloration in feathers in a key avian lineage.
Effect of structure: A new insight into nanoparticle assemblies from inanimate to animate
Authors: Huang Chuanhui , Chen Xiangyu , Xue Zhenjie , Wang Tie
Published: May 2020

Previous studies overlooked dynamic properties of NP assemblies; therefore, we highlight recent advances in animate properties.
Heat-evolved microalgal symbionts increase coral bleaching tolerance
Authors: Buerger P. , Alvarez-Roa C. , Coppin C. W. , Pearce S. L. , Chakravarti L. J. , Oakeshott J. G. , Edwards O. R. , van Oppen M. J. H.
Published: May 2020

Coral bleaching tolerance can be enhanced through directed evolution of their microalgal symbionts.
A distinct class of plant and animal viral proteins that disrupt mitosis by directly interrupting the mitotic entry switch Wee1-Cdc25-Cdk1
Authors: Jin Huaibing , Du Zhiqiang , Zhang Yanjing , Antal Judit , Xia Zongliang , Wang Yan , Gao Yang , Zhao Xiaoge , Han Xinyun , Cheng Yanjun , Shen Qianhua , Zhang Kunpu , Elder Robert E. , Benko Zsigmond , Fenyvuesvolgyi Csaba , Li Ge , Rebello Dionne , Li Jing , Bao Shilai , Zhao Richard Y. , Wang Daowen
Published: May 2020

A distinct class of mitosis regulators, conserved between plant and animal viruses, play active roles in viral pathogenesis.
Nuclear receptor PXR targets AKR1B7 to protect mitochondrial metabolism and renal function in AKI
Authors: Yu Xiaowen , Xu Man , Meng Xia , Li Shumin , Liu Qianqi , Bai Mi , You Ran , Huang Songming , Yang Li , Zhang Yue , Jia Zhanjun , Zhang Aihua
Published: May 2020

PXR is crucial for protecting against AKI by targeting the AKR1B7/mitochondrial metabolism axis.
ACTRIIA-Fc rebalances activin/GDF versus BMP signaling in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Yung Lai-Ming , Yang Peiran , Joshi Sachindra , Augur Zachary M. , Kim Stephanie S. J. , Bocobo Geoffrey A. , Dinter Teresa , Troncone Luca , Chen Po-Sheng , McNeil Megan E. , Southwood Mark , Poli de Frias Sergio , Knopf John , Rosas Ivan O. , Sako Dianne , Pearsall R. Scott , Quisel John D. , Li Gang , Kumar Ravindra , Yu Paul B.
Published: May 2020

ACTRIIA-Fc, an activin and GDF8/11 ligand trap, improves hemodynamics and exerts antiremodeling effects in experimental pulmonary hypertension.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Cross-Resistance Patterns among Common Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in U.S. Hospitals, 2013 to 2018
Authors: Zilberberg Marya D. , Nathanson Brian H. , Sulham Kate , Shorr Andrew F.
Published: May 2020

In the face of increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance in complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs), clinicians need to understand cross-resistance patterns among commonly encountered pathogens. We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study in the Premier database of approximately 180 hospitals, from 2013 to 2018. Using an ICD-9/10-based algorithm, we identified all adult patients hospitalized with cUTIs and included those with a positive blood or urine culture. We examined the microbiology and susceptibilities to common cUTI antimicrobials (3rd-generation cephalosporin [C3], fluoroquinolones [FQ], trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP/SMZ], fosfomycin [FFM], and nitrofurantoin [NFT]) singly and in groups of two.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Characterization of Tebipenem, an Oral Carbapenem
Authors: Cotroneo Nicole , Rubio Aileen , Critchley Ian A. , Pillar Chris , Pucci Michael J.
Published: May 2020

The continued evolution of bacterial resistance to the β-lactam class of antibiotics has necessitated countermeasures to ensure continued effectiveness in the treatment of infections caused by bacterial pathogens. One relatively successful approach has been the development of new β-lactam analogs with advantages over prior compounds in this class. The carbapenems are an example of such β-lactam analogs possessing improved stability against β-lactamase enzymes and, therefore, a wider spectrum of activity.
A Novel Combination of
CYP51A
Mutations Confers Pan-Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Macedo Daiana , Brito Devoto Tomás , Pola Santiago , Finquelievich Jorge L. , Cuestas María L. , Garcia-Effron Guillermo
Published: May 2020

The treatment of invasive and chronic aspergillosis involves triazole drugs. Its intensive use has resulted in the selection of resistant isolates, and at present, azole resistance in
Aspergillus fumigatus
is considered an emerging threat to public health worldwide. The aim of this work is to uncover the molecular mechanism implicated in the azole resistance phenotype of three
Aspergillus fumigatus
clinical strains isolated from an Argentinian cystic fibrosis patient under long-term triazole treatment.
Xylose-Inducible Promoter Tools for
Pseudomonas
Species and Their Use in Implicating a Role for the Type II Secretion System Protein XcpQ in the Inhibition of Corneal Epithelial Wound Closure
Authors: Callaghan Jake D. , Stella Nicholas A. , Lehner Kara M. , Treat Benjamin R. , Brothers Kimberly M. , St. Leger Anthony J. , Shanks Robert M. Q.
Published: May 2020

Pseudomonas
species are enormously important in human infections, in biotechnology, and as model systems for investigating basic science questions. In this study, we have developed a xylose-inducible promoter system, evaluated it in
P. aeruginosa
and
P. fluorescens
, and found it to be suitable for the strong induction of gene expression. Furthermore, we have demonstrated its efficacy in controlled gene expression to show that a type II secretion system protein from
P. aeruginosa
, XcpQ, is important for host-pathogen interactions in a corneal wound closure model.
In-Depth Longitudinal Study of Listeria monocytogenes ST9 Isolates from the Meat Processing Industry: Resolving Diversity and Transmission Patterns Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Fagerlund Annette , Langsrud Solveig , Møretrø Trond
Published: May 2020

Listeria monocytogenes
is a deadly foodborne pathogen that is widespread in the environment, and certain types can be established in food factories. The sequence type ST9 dominates in meat processing environments, and this work was undertaken to obtain data needed for the tracking of this subtype. By using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we revealed the presence of cross-contamination routes between meat factories as well as within a single factory, including the spread from different reservoirs within the same room. It was also possible to estimate the time frame of persistence in the factory, as well as when and how new clones had entered. The present work contributes valuable information about the diversity of ST9 and exemplifies the potential power of WGS in food safety management, allowing the determination of relationships between strains both in an international context and locally between and within factories.
Orf Virus-Based Therapeutic Vaccine for Treatment of Papillomavirus-Induced Tumors
Authors: Schneider M. , Müller M. , Yigitliler A. , Xi J. , Simon C. , Feger T. , Rziha H.-J. , Stubenrauch F. , Rammensee H.-G. , Iftner T. , Amann R.
Published: May 2020

Viral vectors are widely used for the development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of tumors. In our study we have used Orf virus (ORFV) strain D1701-V for the generation of recombinant vaccines expressing cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) early proteins E1, E2, LE6, and E7. The therapeutic efficacy of the ORFV-CRPV vaccines was evaluated in two independent experiments using the outbred CRPV rabbit model. In both experiments the immunization achieved significant suppression of tumor growth. In total, 84.6% of all outbred animals benefited from the ORFV-CRPV vaccination, showing reduction in tumor size and significant tumor growth inhibition, including one animal with complete tumor regression without recurrence.
Phased Diploid Genome Sequence for the Fast-Growing Microalga
Picochlorum celeri
Authors: Becker Scott A. , Spreafico Roberto , Kit Jennie L. , Brown Rob , Likhogrud Maria , Fang Wei , Posewitz Matthew C. , Weissman Joseph C. , Radakovits Randor
Published: May 2020

Picochlorum celeri
is a fast-growing marine microalga with high biomass productivity. Here, we report the use of PacBio sequencing to assemble the phased diploid genome of
P. celeri
.
Draft Genome Sequence of Biological N
2
-Fixing Bacterium Rhizobium tropici A12, Isolated from Root Nodule of Tropical Soybean (Glycine max), TGx-1148 Variety
Authors: Khayi Slimane , Mentag Rachid , Jemo Martin
Published: May 2020

Here, we present the genome sequence and annotated features of
Rhizobium tropici
strain A12, which is able to nodulate tropical
Glycine max
(soybean). The draft genome of the strain consists of 107 contigs totaling 6.5 Mbp in size. The annotation revealed 6,204 protein-coding genes, 52 tRNAs, and 7 rRNAs.
Plasmid Sequences of Four Large Plasmids Carrying Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Beef Cattle in Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Shiori , Kitagawa Wataru , Nakano Motoki , Asakura Hiroshi , Iwabuchi Eriko , Sone Teruo , Asano Kozo
Published: May 2020

Escherichia coli
is a common reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes that can be easily transformed to possess multidrug resistance through plasmid transfer. To understand multidrug resistance plasmids, we report the plasmid sequences of four large plasmids carrying a number of genes related to antimicrobial resistance that were found in
E. coli
strains isolated from beef cattle.
Complete Genome Sequence of Feline Leukemia Virus Kawakami-Theilen Strain KT-FeLV-UCD-1
Authors: Chin Pei-Ju , La Neve Fabio , Zanda Valeria , Khan Arifa S.
Published: May 2020

This full-length genome sequence of a feline leukemia virus Kawakami-Theilen strain (designated KT-FeLV-UCD-1), produced from the chronically infected FL74-UCD-1 cell line, was obtained using high-throughput sequencing. It consisted of 8,464 bp and had a genomic organization similar to that of other gammaretroviruses, containing long terminal repeats and open reading frames for Gag, Pol, and Env.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Geobacillus
sp. Strain E55-1, Isolated from Mine Geyser in Japan
Authors: Miyazaki Kentaro , Hase Erina , Tokito Natsuko
Published: May 2020

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Geobacillus
sp. strain E55-1, isolated from the hot sediments of Mine Geyser in Japan. This strain exhibited ∼85% average nucleotide identity and ∼98.5% 16S rRNA sequence identity with the most closely related
Geobacillus
species.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus velezensis Strain S4, Isolated from Biochar-Treated Soil
Authors: Hempel Priscilla P. , Yao Mengyin , Yannarell Sarah , Shevchenko Olga , Vogt Franziska , Donofrio Nicole , Maresca Julia A.
Published: May 2020

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Bacillus velezensis
strain S4, which was isolated from biochar-amended agricultural soil collected in Smyrna, Delaware. The genome is 4.07 Mbp, encodes 3,918 predicted proteins, and has a GC content of 46.4%.
Complete Genome Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 Strains Detected in Malaysia
Authors: Chong Yoong Min , Sam I-Ching , Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Syed Omar Sharifah Faridah , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Munusamy Vijayan , Wong Chee Kuan , Jamaluddin Fadhil Hadi , Gan Han Ming , Chong Jennifer , Teh Cindy Shuan Ju , Chan Yoke Fun
Published: May 2020

We sequenced four severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes from Malaysia during the second wave of infection and found unique mutations which suggest local evolution. Circulating Malaysian strains represent introductions from different countries, particularly during the first wave of infection. Genome sequencing is important for understanding local epidemiology.
Draft Genome Sequence of Proteus mirabilis UMB1310, Isolated from the Female Urinary Tract
Authors: Allen Olivia , Miller-Ensminger Taylor , Voukadinova Adelina , Wolfe Alan J. , Putonti Catherine
Published: May 2020

Proteus mirabilis
is a Gram-negative bacterium that is linked to common complications within the urinary tract. Here, we present the draft genome for
P. mirabilis
UMB1310, which was isolated from the urine of a woman with a urinary tract infection.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus jensenii Strain UMB7766, Isolated from the Female Bladder
Authors: Miller-Ensminger Taylor , Wolfe Alan J. , Putonti Catherine
Published: May 2020

Lactobacillus jensenii
is a beneficial and prominent community member within both the vaginal and female urinary microbiota. As more genomes for
L. jensenii
strains are made publicly available, we gain more knowledge about this beneficial community member. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
L. jensenii
UMB7766, which was isolated from a urine specimen from a catheterized female patient with recurrent urinary tract infections.
Draft Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium coyleae UMB8490, Isolated from the Female Urinary Tract
Authors: Ali Khan Abbas , Miller-Ensminger Taylor , Voukadinova Adelina , Wolfe Alan J. , Putonti Catherine
Published: May 2020

Here, we present the draft genome sequence for
Corynebacterium coyleae
UMB8490, isolated from the catheterized urine of a female with overactive bladder symptoms. The size of the genome is 2,483,223 bp assembled in 62 contigs with an observed GC content of 61.42%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus anginosus UMB1296, Isolated from the Female Urinary Tract
Authors: Temelkova Sara , Miller-Ensminger Taylor , Voukadinova Adelina , Wolfe Alan J. , Putonti Catherine
Published: May 2020

We present the draft genome sequence of a
Streptococcus anginosus
strain isolated from the female urinary tract. The
S. anginosus
UMB1296 draft genome has a size of 1,924,009 bp assembled into 35 contigs with a GC content of 38.69%. Genome annotation revealed 1,775 protein-coding genes, including several known virulence factors.
Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus epidermidis UMB7765, Isolated from the Urobiome of a Woman with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Kemper Lucy , Miller-Ensminger Taylor , Voukadinova Adelina , Wolfe Alan J. , Putonti Catherine
Published: May 2020

Staphylococcus epidermidis
is a Gram-positive bacterium that is resistant to many antibiotics. Here, we present the 2.5-Mb draft genome of
S. epidermidis
UMB7765, isolated from a voided urine sample from a female with recurrent urinary tract infections.
Lipotransfer provides effective soft tissue replacement for acquired partial lipodystrophy
Authors: Jeon Faith Hyun Kyung , Griffin Michelle , Frosdick Carole , Butler Peter Edward Michael
Published: May 2020

We present a 48-year-old female patient who presented with features consistent with acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL) also known as ‘Barraquer-Simons syndrome’. It is a rare disease characterised by a gradual and progressive onset of lipoatrophy limited to the face, neck, upper limbs, thorax and abdomen and sparing the lower extremities. The resultant physical appearance can have significant psychosocial sequelae, further compounded by misdiagnosis and delay in recognition and management. Treatment is aimed at surgical correction of soft tissue destruction. Autologous fat transfer is an established plastic and reconstructive procedure that is safe and minimally invasive and can be used to reconstruct a variety of soft tissue defects and has shown to be an effective treatment modality in patients with APL.
Maternal and newborn outcomes of antenatal breastmilk expression: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Foudil-Bey Imane , Murphy Malia SQ , Keely Erin J , El-Chaâr Darine
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Mothers with diabetes face unique challenges associated with breastfeeding initiation and maintenance. Antenatal breastmilk expression (BME) may be suggested to mothers, including mothers with diabetes, to improve breastfeeding, maternal, and infant outcomes postpartum. However, there have been few evaluations of the potential harms and benefits of this practice. The objective of our scoping review will be to broadly examine the literature describing maternal and infant outcomes of antenatal BME.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will address the research question: ‘Among women who engaged in antenatal BME, what maternal and infant outcomes have been evaluated?’ A search of published and unpublished studies available in English will be conducted in February 2020 using the following databases: Medline (OVID), Embase (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (OVID). A search of the British Library E-Theses Online Services (EThOS) database and OpenGrey will be conducted to identify relevant grey literature. This scoping review will use a five-step framework to guide the selection, extraction, and analysis of eligible studies. Clinical consultation will be included as a sixth step to our methodology. Literature reporting on the effect of antenatal BME on maternal and infant outcomes, breastfeeding initiation and duration, and the experiences of women who have engaged in the practice will be considered. The data will be summarised with attention paid to high-risk obstetrical populations such as women with diabetes. Our results will be reported as outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews.

Ethics and dissemination

Research ethics board approval will not be required due to the nature of the study’s methodology. The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presentation at relevant conferences.

Trail registration number

Open Science Framework (osf.io/gfp2q).
Taking stock of vaccine hesitancy among migrants: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Tankwanchi Akhenaten Siankam , Jaca Anelisa , Larson Heidi J , Wiysonge Charles S , Vermund Sten H
Published: May 2020

Introduction

At the 72nd World Health Assembly of May 2019, WHO member states prioritised a global action plan to promote migrant and refugee health. Five months earlier, WHO had declared vaccine hesitancy—the reluctance to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccination services—as one of the top 10 threats to global health. Although vaccination is often a requirement for immigration, repeated outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases within certain immigrant communities in some host nations suggest that vaccine hesitancy could be a factor in their susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases. Studies of the prevalence and determinants of vaccine hesitancy among migrants globally seem to be lacking. This scoping review will (1) identify articles on vaccine hesitancy among migrants; (2) examine the extent and nature of the extant evidence; and (3) determine the value of undertaking a full systematic review.

Methods and analysis

The framework for the scoping review proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used. The reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Studies published in English or French between January 1999 and December 2019 will be drawn from most or all of the following multidisciplinary databases: Africa-Wide Information, Allied and Complementary Medicine, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, International Bibliography of Social Sciences, Literature in the Health Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean, Medline, Proquest Theses/Dissertations, PsycInfo and Web of Science. The search will include an extensive list of keywords to capture multiple dimensions of confidence and hesitancy vis-à-vis vaccines among migrants. Findings will be reported through summary narratives, tables, flowcharts and evidence maps.

Ethics and dissemination

This review is exempted from ethical approval and will be published in a peer-reviewed open-access journal to ensure wide dissemination.
Prediction of childhood brain outcomes in infants born preterm using neonatal MRI and concurrent clinical biomarkers (PREBO-6): study protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: George Joanne M , Pagnozzi Alex M , Bora Samudragupta , Boyd Roslyn N , Colditz Paul B , Rose Stephen E , Ware Robert S , Pannek Kerstin , Bursle Jane E , Fripp Jurgen , Barlow Karen , Iyer Kartik , Leishman Shaneen J , Jendra Rebecca L
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Infants born very preterm are at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including cognitive deficits, motor impairments and cerebral palsy. Earlier identification enables targeted early interventions to be implemented with the aim of improving outcomes.

Methods and analysis

Protocol for 6-year follow-up of two cohorts of infants born <31 weeks gestational age (PPREMO: Prediction of Preterm Motor Outcomes; PREBO: Prediction of Preterm Brain Outcomes) and a small term-born reference sample in Brisbane, Australia. Both preterm cohorts underwent very early MRI and concurrent clinical assessment at 32 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and were followed up at 3, 12 and 24 months corrected age (CA). This study will perform MRI and electroencephalography (EEG). Primary outcomes include the Movement Assessment Battery for Children second edition and Full-Scale IQ score from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children fifth edition (WISC-V). Secondary outcomes include the Gross Motor Function Classification System for children with cerebral palsy; executive function (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function second edition, WISC-V Digit Span and Picture Span, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64 Card Version); attention (Test of Everyday Attention for Children second edition); language (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals fifth edition), academic achievement (Woodcock Johnson IV Tests of Achievement); mental health and quality of life (Development and Well-Being Assessment, Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 Items Child version and Child Health Utility-9D).

Aims

Examine the ability of early neonatal MRI, EEG and concurrent clinical measures at 32 weeks PMA to predict motor, cognitive, language, academic achievement and mental health outcomes at 6 years CA.

Determine if early brain abnormalities persist and are evident on brain MRI at 6 years CA and the relationship to EEG and concurrent motor, cognitive, language, academic achievement and mental health outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from Human Research Ethics Committees at Children’s Health Queensland (HREC/19/QCHQ/49800) and The University of Queensland (2019000426). Study findings will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12619000155190p.

Web address of trial

http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12619000155190p