bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGIONALIZATION, ELEMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Popa Florina
Published: January 2018

The regional process that is taking place in Europe in recent decades, was determined by the awareness of the important role that regional policies hold in the balanced development of territories, the goal being the revival of economic and social development, locally, the economic recovery of more underdeveloped areas, to reduce the differences existing among the levels of development of regions. The action is aimed at increasing the efficiency of public authorities (central, local) in the use of resources they dispose of, in the development of some economic and financial policies aimed at encouraging investments, employment increase, living conditions improvement, taking into account the determinants of balancing regional development (resources, the development of technological processes and knowledge, political and institutional framework). The paper briefly presents the concepts of regionalism, regionalisation, whose common denominator is decentralization, that involves a multilevel governance, as well as the importance which the new model of economic and social development, consisting in the transfer of some prerogatives of the central administrative systems towards local communities, hold in solving problems that occur in regional, local plan.
EUROPEAN URBANIZATION – BETWEEN STRENGTHS AND RISKS
Authors: Danu Marcela
Published: January 2018

On the European continent, urban population, representing a significant segment of the market, with features specific to a particular model of purchase, consumption, lifestyle, etc. , has the potential for growth. The possible effects of this increase (strengths or risks), include: increasing opportunities for employment, increasing level and structure of demand for consumer goods and, in conjunction, of the level and structure of supply, raising of the standard of living, changing requirements and personal taste level population, increased interaction, socializing, psycho-social conversions on the recently urbanised population as well as for the people there, etc. but also the increase in demand for land areas intended for dwellings, commercial premises and hence reducing spaces with vegetation, increasing the degree of concentration of the population in a small grounds, effects on air quality, etc. This study highlights dynamic and interdependent effects of European urbanization on the human population, businesses, and the environment.
TASK FOR POST-CRISIS IN ROMANIA: THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY
Authors: Danu Marcela
Published: January 2018

The present paper illustrates the role of industry in economic and social development of Romania, in the context of the propagated effects of the contemporary economic and financial crisis and mission that is in the recovery of gaps in relation to EU countries. The dynamic of the industrial sector after 1989, highlighting the continuing decline in its contribution to the GDP formation and changing industry structure in favor of industries producing consumer goods. The situation has changed, however, after the crisis, the industry producing capital goods coming back in force, and hosting the entire sector. Significant is that the development of the Romanian industry must integrate into a viable and sustainable formula, scientific research and technological development with environmental quality. Moreover, the qualitative and quantitative dimensions of industrial development in Romania should be integrated in the dynamic dimensions of the EU, with all the implications and costs derived from this, in the short term. The plea for industrial development in the post-crisis period is supported by the need to ensure a solid foundation for the development of other economic activities specific to the primary and tertiary sectors.
STRATEGIES FOR SMALL ENTERPRISES NEGOTIATING WITH LARGE FIRMS
Authors: Stan Stefania Anca
Published: January 2018

All around the world business is changing. All traditional business practices have been called into question as markets, customers competitors, problems and solutions have changed. As a result, business practices we once took for granted, like traditional negotiating approaches are falling by the wayside in favor of more collaborative, equally beneficial, win-win strategies. A new negotiation paradigm away from negotiating a deal and toward negotiating a relationship is needed for the twenty first century. Business can no longer stay on top by negotiating short term victories. The key to winning unbeatable, long term results is to negotiate solid, long term relationship. Smart business owners are trying to find ways to leverage their assets, and one important way is to negotiate for long - term relationships. Traditional knowledge and skills remain important. Yet global managers can better respond to global demands by learning continuously managing diversity, and developing a global mindset.
OVERVIEW ABOUT PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Drob Catalin
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study is to emphasize the main aspects regarding project quality management. This study tries to present in the comparative manner, different approaches of the main guidelines, international standards and methodologies regarding project quality management (the PMBOK ® Guide elaborated by the Project Management Institute, the PRINCE method elaborated by the British Office of Government Commerce etc.). The PMBOK® Guide describes three elements (processes) of quality management: quality planning (plan quality management), quality assurance (perform quality assurance) and quality control (control quality). The PMBOK approach regarding project quality management is that quality management must lead to achieving and validating project requirements. According the PRINCE method the quality is one of the six variables involved in any project. The PRINCE approach regarding project quality management considers that strategy in this field must lead to achieving just the level of quality needed to achieve in the project and not to ensuring the best quality.
CONCEPTUAL ISSUES REGARDING REVERSE LOGISTICS
Authors: Olariu Ioana
Published: January 2018

As the power of consumers is growing, the product return for customer service and customer retention has become a common practice in the competitive market, which propels the recent practice of reverse logistics in companies. Many firms attracted by the value available in the flow, have proactively participated in handling returned products at the end of their usefulness or from other parts of the product life cycle. Reverse logistics is the flow and management of products, packaging, components and information from the point of consumption to the point of origin. It is a collection of practices similar to those of supply chain management, but in the opposite direction, from downstream to upstream. It involves activities such as reuse, repair, remanufacture, refurbish, reclaim and recycle. For the conventional forward logistics systems, the flow starts upstream as raw materials, later as manufactured parts and components to be assembled and continues downstream to reach customers as final products to be disposed once they reach their economic or useful lives. In reverse logistics, the disposed products are pushed upstream to be repaired, remanufactured, refurbished, and disassembled into components to be reused or as raw material to be recycled for later use.
THE ROLE OF THE PERFORMANCE DASHBOARD IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MODERN ENTERPRISES
Authors: Dragomirescu Simona Elena , Solomon Daniela Cristina
Published: January 2018

Nowadays, the management of any modern enterprise requires a real-time information system which should allow the continuous and quick display of the data which is critical in order to control the company in the current economic context. The performance dashboard is such an information system. It is made up of quantity, quality or financial management indicators or, in other words, of greatly significant pieces of information put together, which have immediate meaning for the person reading it. We must take into consideration the fact that the data is extremely dense and it is in continuous movement, being used in forming plans, in supporting decisions and in achieving control. The quality of decision and the achievement of performance depend on the quality of the information supplied. That is the reason why, in order to be useful for the decision-making process, the information must be reliable, up-to-date, complete, pertinent and accessible for the decision makers. Thus, an efficient performance dashboard is the one that allows the assessment and management of performance by means of the progress methods set in the strategy, and that helps the management face the changes and the challenges in the current economic climate.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE FISCAL CONVERGENCE CRITERIA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION IN TERMS OF THE SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Bucur Iulia Andreea , Dragomirescu Simona Elena
Published: January 2018

Although the convergence criteria in the Maastricht Treaty led to the creation of the EMU and the euro area has resisted more than some of its critics believed, in the context of major macroeconomic imbalances, the issue of nominal convergence has been the subject of numerous research. This paper aims to analyze the capacity of fiscal criteria to reflect the ability of EU Member States to achieve economic development for the integration in the EMU and to comply strict fiscal policy that governing its operation. In the context of certain technical deficiencies of fiscal criteria, we analyzed the developments of budget deficit and gross public debt in the EU during 2000 and 2012. The results show that until 2007 the EU economies were able, overall, to meet the budget deficit criteria, but due to the financial crisis and the prolonged slowdown in economic growth, the fiscal balance had an unfavorable evolution since 2008, while the evolution of the gross public debt has worsened increasingly. Due to this pressure situation on the sustainability of public finances, examining the adoption, application and enforcement of the fiscal policy rules expressed by the evolution of the Fiscal Rule Index for the period 2000-2011, the importance of rules in the fiscal management of the Union and especially of the euro area appears increasingly obvious.
PROFIT TAX OR INCOME TAX? OPTIONS FOR FISCAL OPTIMIZATION OF ROMANIAN SMALL COMPANIES
Authors: Pacurari Doina
Published: January 2018

Entrepreneurs usually seek for solutions to reduce their tax burden. We can speak about tax optimization as long as these solutions are in accordance with the law; if they are not, they obviously fall into the area of fiscal fraud. This paper addresses the issue of taxation applicable to the Romanian micro-enterprises. These are small entities that fulfil certain conditions regarding total turnover, equity and domain of activity. Although the provisions applying to micro-enterprise taxation were elaborated, among others, with the intention to reduce tax evasion, they also allow the micro-enterprises with losses to avoid tax payment. In a country with low purchasing power and a great number of taxes and fees like Romania, the entrepreneurs are tempted to use any kind of method to reduce the payments due to the state budget. The micro-enterprise owners make no exception in this matter.
ABOUT THE FINANCIAL REPORTING ON THE CAPITAL MARKETS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: REQUIREMENTS OF USING THE IFRS AND THE EQUIVALENCE OF THIRD COUNTRY ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Authors: Rotila Aristita
Published: January 2018

The need to build a single European market and to ensure the competitiveness of the community capital markets led to the involvement of European Union in the convergence process taking place on a global level in the realm of financial reporting. This paper is a study on financial reporting for the capital markets in the European Union by analyzing the accounting standards that need to be applied. Specifically, this paper highlights a number of issues concerning: the adoption of IAS / IFRS in the European Union and their compulsory aspect in preparing the consolidated financial statements for the companies listed on a regulated market; the requirement’s extension of using the IFRSs adopted in the European Union to the issuers of certain third countries involving a public offer of securities in European Union or performing transactions with securities on a community regulated market; the establish of a mechanism for the determination of equivalence of certain third country accounting standards with IFRSs in force at European level and, consequently, the possibility of using by some third country issuers, in preparing the consolidated financial statements submitted to the European markets, recognized national standards as equivalent to adopted IFRS.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP IN A CHANGING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Mironescu Roxana
Published: January 2018

Change is a factor of impact on managerial functions especially upon those related to the coordination and training of the human resources. Change management is a broad spectrum of means, referring to different types of change , however, it is generally used in the processing management and in the strategic management, in the information management , including the electronic one. The analysis of changes inside the organization is very important , these changes allow the organizations to be more adaptable and innovative. However, some changes may suddenly occur and will independently act of the managers’will. If we are talking about the human change, then we should mention that the importance of this dimension of the organizational change is essential. The way people relate to change can be affected by the position they occupy inside the organization and the attitudes they adopt facing the change influence the role that they assume with the greatest ease in the change processes. Leadership and the organizational culture are in a tight relationship. Manager evaluates its business, in addition to a number of work processes and products, and the cultural environment too, so conducive, in his view, that it should activate and record the organizational and work performance.
RELATIONSHIP MARKETING IN THE INNOVATION PROCESSES
Authors: Boier Rodica
Published: January 2018

Inspired from the context of business-to-business markets, relationship marketing in the context of innovation have been expanded more and more to the consumer markets as well. The paper starts with a review of several most relevant studies on relationship marketing-innovation topic, from the first references to the current complex approaches. The effective stakeholder involvement in the value creation provides a more fertile ground for further successful innovations. All of the variables generating the success of a relationship marketing approach – trust, commitment, communication, seller’s customer orientation and empathy, experience and satisfaction a.s.o. – are also involved, with specific particularities, in the management of the innovation and new product development processes. The paper also outline the different perspectives to understand the relationship marketing-innovation approaches, coming from the product type, its business-to-business or business-to-consumer settings, the specific industry, the actual stage of the market evolution – emerging or mature –, the level of technological novelty as dimension of technological uncertainty, the position/ status and role of stakeholders as part in the relationships, the state of the new product development process in which the interactions occurs or special issues like sustainable innovation, for profit and not-for-profit areas etc.
WHY DON’T YOU COME OVER? – A DIFFERENT WAY TO PROMOTE ROMANIA
Authors: Patrut Monica
Published: January 2018

Investing in the country brand represents a strategic priority as it consolidates the image and international reputation of the respective members. Although Romania started to invest in this long-term process in 1996, the promotional actions have lacked coordination and efficiency. The Romania’s country image is insufficiently shaped and the Country Brand Index study conducted in 2012 confirms it by placing our country on the last positions. We shall show in this study that by exploiting the collective intelligence principle and the involvement of the Net Generation’s representatives, many echoing campaigns can be created in the virtual environment. The country brand is being built rather by means of every individual’s involvement, by what we do and what we say every day. “Why Don’t You Come Over?” campaign, which has contributed in an unexpected way to improve Romania’s image by spreading humor in the virtual space, should show all actors responsible that there may be successful promotion patterns.
LIFELONG LEARNING AS A PREMISE FOR BUILDING THE LEARNING ORGANIZATION IN THE ROMANIAN SMES
Authors: Mironescu Roxana , Feraru Andreea , Drob Catalin
Published: January 2018

To become more competitive, the SMEs in our study should encourage learning at all the organizational levels, meaning becoming learning organizations. The lifelong learning has become a vital necessity of the contemporary society, it is a theoretical principle and it acts to describe a specific reality of our century. The lifelong education should not be conceived as a mere preparation for life but as an important dimension, a continuous existential one, whose duration is overlapped with the life span. This research aims to capture the boundaries, inside the SMEs, where the organizational culture acts as an impulse for learning. The used investigation method was based on the findings and attitudes revealed by a questionnaire survey, on a systematic observation upon the phenomena and from the synthesis of some previous studies in this area. The paperwork emphasizes the importance of the strategic orientation towards knowledge management, stressing that the main advantage that such an economic entity as a SME can have is the ability to systematically and continuously exploit the obtained knowledge. The organizational learning may be even a means to achieve certain strategic objectives.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ROMANIAN HIGHER EDUCATION - EVIDENCE ON LINKED DYNAMIC
Authors: Nichifor Bogdan
Published: January 2018

The link between education, in general, and information technologies is one that does not necessarily have to be demonstrated. But it is interesting to see the specific link that is established between these two components of modern society. In recent years, part-time education forms tend to occupy an increasingly important position in the Romanian higher education from the perspective of the total number of students opting for distance learning or traditional part-time learning. This development occurred amid expansion of information technology - more and more households have Internet access and frequency of its use is increasing from year to year – in the context in which forms of part – time learning require the use of this means of information and communication. On this background more and more people over 25 years become interested in further developing their studies, including employed persons opting for further studies, increasing the share of students over 25 years in total students and the share of employed population over 25 years with higher education in total in respective age group.
AN OVERVIEW ON RETAIL REVERSE LOGISTICS
Authors: Olariu Ioana
Published: January 2018

This article is a theoretical approach on retail reverse logistics. Environmental concern and the current marketing strategy have spurred retailers to implement strategies to facilitate product returns from end customers. Reverse logistics, indicating the process of this return flow, encompasses such activities as the movement of returned products, facilities to accommodate returned items, and overall remedy process for returned items. The retail industry, under great competitive pressure, has used return policies as a competitive weapon. Grocery retailers were the first to begin to focus serious attention on the problem of returns and to develop reverse logistics innovations. Grocery retailers first developed innovations such as reclamation centers. Reclamation centers, in turn, led to the establishment of centralized return centers. Centralizing returns has led to significant benefits for most firms that have implemented them. Over the last several years, retailers have consolidated. Now, more than ever, reverse logistics is seen as being important. This reverse distribution activity can be crucial to the survival of companies, because the permanent goodwill of the company is at stake. Businesses succeed because they respond to both external and internal changes and adjust in an effective manner to remain competitive.
THE INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS ON CREDIT RISK: CASE OF ROMANIAN BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: Bucur Iulia Andreea , Dragomirescu Simona Elena
Published: January 2018

This paper aims to explore the interactions between macroeconomic conditions, such as: real GDP growth rate, inflation rate, market interest rate, broad money supply, foreign exchange rate fluctuation and unemployment rate, and credit risk in Romanian banking sector during 2008-2013. The interrelations of indicators’ complexity imply a multidimensional statistical analysis in order to find a relation between the macroeconomic conditions and the credit risk. Our regression analysis findings confirm the hypothesis according to which the money supply growth rate and the market foreign exchange rate are negatively related with credit risk and the unemployment rate is positively related with it. Furthermore, our findings revealed that the credit risk is significantly and negatively affected by the exchange rate fluctuation and significantly and positively affected by the unemployment rate. The results do not indicate a significant relationship between credit risk and real GDP growth rate.
THE IMPACT OF THE LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENT ON THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN ROMANIA
Authors: Prihoanca Diana
Published: January 2018

The accession of Romania to the European Union on the 1st of January, 2007, after the Accession Treaty, signed on the 25th of April, 2005, was ratified by all the Member States of the Union, led to changes in the legislative environment governing the electoral market. Our country organized in May 2014, for the third time, elections for the European Parliament. The election system practiced in Romania does not provide incentives for candidates to develop a competitive election bid, explained in detail to the electorate, so the performance during the mandate can be assessed. The Romanian representatives in the European Parliament are elected under a system of closed national list vote, which reduces the power of voters to distinguish the candidates in the vote. At the European Union level, there is not a unique voting system adopted, in the context that most Member States practice competitive electoral systems, in which candidates have the opportunity to differentiate themselves by an electoral offer.
THE INSTITUTION OF ACCOUNTING NORMALISATION IN ROMANIA – HISTORY AND PRESENT
Authors: Rotila Aristita
Published: January 2018

The institution of accounting normalization at a national level can essentially be as public, private and mixed. On its nature depend the way of accepting/imposing the accounting norms and also the character of these norms, character which can be more or less restrictive. The present article is a study regarding the institution of normalization of accounting in Romania from the beginning (when the process of normalizing the Romanian accounting began) to present, following its changes through two stages which have marked the evolution of our country in the second half of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century: the stage of socialism, having a centralized economy, and the stage of transition to a market economy, which started right after the 1989 Revolution. Within post-revolutionary stage, under the Ministry of Finances, the institution of accounting normalization in Romania, a mixed organism was created, which sums up a large series of “actors” interested in the accounting information and has the role of allowing those actors to involve into the process of normalization, which would let the Romanian accounting normalization pass from an exclusively public approach to a mixed one.
RISK AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ROMANIA
Authors: Drob Catalin
Published: January 2018

This paper tries to present the main categories (types) of risks that affect the inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Romania, such as: country risk, political risk, economic risks, sovereign risks and so on. FDI is an important factor contributing to the economic development and to the economic growth of a country. In order to recuperate its economic handicap as compared to the other countries in the EU, Romania needs a massive inflow of foreign capital, especially in the form of direct investment. The paper also presents the evolution of FDI inflows in Romania and how they were influenced by the main factors affecting the FDI. In principle, between risk and the level of FDI inflows there is a direct dependency relationship: the higher the risk is in a country, the lower the level of FDI inflows is in that country. This is demonstrated by the empirical studies regarding FDI. These studies show that countries with high risk have major difficulties in attracting foreign investment. Therefore, it is important to identify very precisely the main risks that may affect the level of FDI inflows in Romania, in order to propose and implement strategies to mitigate these risks and to attract more foreign direct investment in Romania.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF ADVERTISING - SOME INSIGHTS
Authors: Nichifor Bogdan
Published: January 2018

Advertising as a tool of communication, but mostly as a marketing tool is subject to many theories and explanatory and normative models. Its contents and performed functions are not yet defined in general recognized theory. Present article focuses on the analysis of advertising in terms of its specific persuasive effort and communication process. Advertising seen as a process is based on the general scheme of the marketing communication process, with a number of specific features related to its content. The persuasive effort is related to creation of favorable attitudes or reinforcing existing attitudes. This process of persuasion is closely linked to the concept of attitude. Most theories of advertising have explored the connection between persuasion and attitude, identifying possible responses that the receiver can give to advertising information. Following lines develop these two important aspects associated with advertising theory, even if they are not the only issues that are debated in the literature.
FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT, IN THE CASE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Pocovnicu Dorian
Published: January 2018

Efficient communication is one the most important instruments used for the purpose of generating change inside and outside an organization. It can contribute to adjusting attitudes and the manner of approaching the present and future challenges and to changing behavioral patterns. The mission and the objectives of organizational communication are highly interrelated with organizational change and environment characteristics, in which the organization functions. The communication performed by the public administration institution outside is an institutional communication, extra-organizational, which presents the following purposes: strengthening its image, stimulating an environment of trust and affinity from the citizens (Kotler & Lee, 2007). We are of opinion that the management of communication performed by a public administration institution features three fundamental aspects, relevant for institutional communicators when designing and managing the institutional communication: communication efficiency, communication process and the implications of the new information and communication technologies (ICT) for this process.
THE TAX SYSTEM AND TAXPAYERS BEHAVIOR
Authors: Tudose Mihaela Brindusa , Tiplic Gabriela
Published: January 2018

The aim of the paper was to examine the behavioural coordinates of tax subjects and the intensity of the interaction between taxpayers and authorities. Research on the behaviour of subjects of the tax system is justified given the tension existing between taxpayers, on the one hand, and the tax system, on the other. The tax systems of the world have been classified into two models: antagonistic and synergistic. As long as in Romania the tax elements have been and continue to be an overwhelming burden on taxpayers, their behaviour has evolved and adjusted to a negative outlook. This type of behaviour, associated with the behaviour of tax authorities built on lack of trust and virulent anti-tax avoidance strategies, has generated a tense and antagonistic tax environment.
RELATIONAL MECHANISMS IN INNOVATION CO-CREATION
Authors: Boier Rodica
Published: January 2018

Increasingly, producers and customers establish relationships to mutually undertake the development of an innovative product. Consequently, it will be always of interest for an innovative company to know the degree to which different related suppliers are willing to form partnerships by participating in its new product development process. Several managerial implications flow from the link between relationship marketing and innovation processes, ranging from tactical product-related decisions to strategic competitor-related decisions, usually made in a relatively short period of time. Dedicated customer relationship systems track the interactions with customers and improve the flow of ideas for new products. When trying to develop long-term customer relationships, the ability to provide superior value to stakeholders is a must. Through carefully conducted relationships, customers are linked with the innovation company during the entire innovation process, and create a space for mutual understanding, learning and value co-creation. In order to co-create business value through online, also combined with offline innovation-related activities, customer orientation should be implemented throughout the organization – its culture, their systems, including the whole range of interactions.
RECENT EVOLUTION OF THE CAPITAL MARKETS IN ROMANIA
Authors: Drob Catalin
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study is to emphasize the main aspects regarding the establishment, development and evolution of the capital market in Romania. This study tries to present the main milestones which marked the evolution of the national capital market from the beginning until now. Even if the first Romanian stock exchange was established in 1881, the modern capital market in Romania is a relatively young, which began to function with the reestablishment of Bucharest Stock Exchange in 1995. The capital market in Romania has a great potential of development. Statistical data presented in this paper, regarding the evolution and the development of the capital market in Romania, emphasizes that this market was and is strongly linked to developments in the real economy.
SPECIFIC MODELS OF REPRESENTING THE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL
Authors: Feraru Andreea , Ciucescu Nicoleta
Published: January 2018

Various scientists in the modern age of management have launched different models for evaluating intellectual capital, and some of these models are analysed critically in this study, too. Most authors examine intellectual capital from a static perspective and focus on the development of its various evaluation models. In this chapter we surveyed the classical static models: Sveiby, Edvisson, Balanced Scorecard, as well as the canonical model of intellectual capital. In a spectral dynamic analysis, organisational intellectual capital is structured in: organisational knowledge, organisational intelligence, organisational values, and their value is built on certain mechanisms entitled integrators, whose chief constitutive elements are: individual knowledge, individual intelligence and individual cultural values. The organizations, as employers, must especially reconsider those employees’ work who value knowledge because they are free to choose how, and especially where they are inclined to invest their own energy, skills and time, and they can be treated as freelancers or as some little entrepreneurs .
BUSINESS ETHICS, BETWEEN THE THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND THE ROMANIAN FIRMS’ PRACTICES
Authors: Mironescu Roxana
Published: January 2018

Business ethics reflects the philosophy of business, of which one aim is to determine the fundamental purposes of a company. If a company's purpose is to maximize shareholder returns, then sacrificing profits to other concerns is a violation of its fiduciary responsibility. Ethical issues include the rights and duties between a company and its employees, suppliers, customers and neighbors, its fiduciary responsibility to its shareholders. Issues concerning relations between different companies include hostile take-overs and industrial espionage. Related issues include corporate governance; corporate social entrepreneurship; political contributions; the marketing of corporations' ethics policies. Business ethics issues are complex, due to the extensive consequences, to the many alternatives and to the conflicting results, uncertainties and the personal implications. Managers make decisions and develop actions affecting the others; if the effects are adverse, if the others are suffering, then we are dealing with an ethical issue that requires a certain level of an ethical analysis, in addition to the usual economic analysis. But what is more important above all is the recognition that every business decision or action that may affect the others. In the business Romanian environment the unethical behavior is not just an exception.
THE PERFORMANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Ciucescu Nicoleta , Feraru Andreea
Published: January 2018

Operation of NGOs is dependent on the correct identification of the needs in the community and their ability to attract the necessary funds to cover them. Non-profit organizations interest to performance measuring and fulfilling the objectives has increased lately, this it become an essential element for the survival of the organization. The main reasons that underlie the increasing interest are: increasing the number of new organizations; increasing the budgetary reductions; the decrease in the number of donors; increasing the challenges arising from the multiplicity of social cases. In addition, the majority of the stakeholders associated with the NGOs want to know if the programs or services they claim have a prominent and positive impact on the community. Such organizations felt the need to demonstrate the effectiveness of the programs they provide and the correctness of using the funds are made available. The article intends to present the issues related to the concept of performance for NGOs, to clarify the content of each performance categories, namely economic performance, managerial performance and social performance.
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ARMENIA
Authors: Tunian Arus
Published: January 2018

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of economic growth in Armenia. It is identified the nature of the balance of payments of the country, indicating a net debtor position, which leads to inherent deterioration of the international investment position. A small open economy of Armenia moves to a new phase of development, in the frame of the integration processes within the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. One of the main characteristics of the Armenian economy vulnerability remains a negative balance in foreign trade, which continues to grow, despite the export growth. Economic growth is provided, as before, mostly due to the sale of raw materials - non-ferrous metals and metal ores, both in the primary as well as in the previous preprocessing. Estimating the econometric VAR models revealed that the negative current account impacts on GDP growth negatively.
TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY - INFLUENCE FACTOR OF THE ECONOMIC GROWTH POTENTIAL. PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Authors: Popa Florina
Published: January 2018

Adequate to the new requirements of economy, the economic research has achieved progresses in addressing the issues regarding the growth and development, the economists drawing a number of theories and models, in order to find resorts that lead to sustainable growth. The paper refers to the means of assessment and forecast of the potential growth of an economy, by using a mathematical model, whose production function takes into consideration the role of three factors, being highlighted the role of the Total Factor Productivity, as an element of influence on growth with the other two factors. The study includes an application of the model use, for the analysis of the growth potential of the economy, at national level.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF GESTURES TO PERSONAL BRANDING
Authors: Amălăncei Brînduşa-Mariana
Published: January 2018

A form of (self-)promotion but also an authentic strategic choice, the personal brand has become a topical preoccupation of marketing specialists. Personal branding or self-marketing represents an innovative concept that associates the efficiency of personal development with the effectiveness of communication and marketing techniques adapted to the individual and that comprises the entire collection of techniques allowing the identification and promotion of the self/individual. The main objective is a clear communication with regard to personal identity, no matter by means of which method, so that it gives uniqueness and offers a competitive advantage. Although online promotion is increasingly gaining ground for the creation of a personal brand, an individual’s verbal and nonverbal behaviour represent very important differentiating elements. Starting from the premise that gestures often complement, anticipate, substitute or contradict the verbal, we will endeavour to highlight a number of significations that can be attributed to the various body movements and that can successfully contribute to the creation of a powerful personal brand.
CANDIDATES IN THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN ROMANIA (2014): THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN POLITICAL MARKETING
Authors: Patrut Monica
Published: January 2018

The phenomenon of social media has drawn the attention of the specialists from the political marketing because it contributes quickly and efficiently to the increase of the political product’s visibility and appeals to its supporters for content creation and viral promotion of the political messages. In addition, the candidate can communicate directly with the citizens and may involve them in creating virtual communities. In our study we briefly present the way in which social media was used, timidly at first, during the campaign for the 2008 parliamentary elections, for the 2009 presidential elections and for the 2012 local and parliamentary elections. The importance of social media increased during the 2012 Romanian presidential impeachment referendum and contributed decisively to rallying voters to go to the polls and, implicitly, to the Klaus Iohannis’s victory in the 2014 presidential elections. We have focused especially on Facebook, as social network, because it has managed to attract the largest number of users in Romania. The success of the 2.0 political actors does not imply (only) to use the network as an alternative news channel, but especially to establish the bidirectional connection and constant interaction with virtual friends.
THE OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE ROMANIAN SMEs
Authors: Mironescu Roxana , Turcu Ovidiu Leonard , Ceocea Costel
Published: January 2018

The prerequisite for the smooth functioning of the business risk management is the correct identification. Basically, identifying business risks is fundamental to determine the optimal level of protection for a given activity. If the risk is underestimated, the protection will be insufficient to cover losses and, if overstated, the cost of protection will reduce the excess proceeds of the activity. The objective of this research was to identify the internal and external major factors which influence the present activities and the future of the SMEs from the North East region The method used in this paper work is based on a questionnaire applied to a sample of 120 top managers coming from various fields of activity, operating on the market for more than two years. The management of information and the data collection was conducted in the late 2013. In the first stage, a total of 35 risks was identified. The further evaluation of the results used the probability and the impact of the identified risks, based on questionnaires and by processing information from the documentation provided by the managers of SMEs taken under the analysis.
OVERVIEW ABOUT THE MANAGEMENT OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE IN PROJECTS
Authors: Drob Catalin
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study is to emphasize the main aspects regarding the management of the human resource in projects. This study tries to present in the comparative manner, different approaches of several guidelines, international standards and methodologies regarding the management of the human resource in projects (the PMBOK ® Guide elaborated by the Project Management Institute and the PRINCE method elaborated by the British Office of Government Commerce). The PMBOK® Guide describes four elements (processes) of human resource management: human resource planning, acquire project team, develop project team and manage project team. The PMBOK approach regarding human resource management is focused on utilizing the people involved in the project in the best way. According the PRINCE method the management of the human resource is focused on the roles and responsibilities of the human resource within the project. In this standard, the responsibilities are viewed like a roles. Everybody involved in the project can have one or more roles and a role can be fulfilled by several persons.
A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH ON PRESS CONFERENCE
Authors: Olariu Ioana , Nichifor Bogdan
Published: January 2018

A press conference is an important tool of public relations. The primary role of public relations is to manage a company’s reputation and help build public consent for its enterprises. The goal of PR is to develop and maintain goodwill with most, if not all, of its publics. Failure to do so may mean loss of customers and revenues, time lost dealing with complaints or lawsuits, and loss of esteem. A company’s publics change constantly. Well-executed public relations is an ongoing process that molds good long-term relationships and plays an important role in relationship marketing and integrated communications. Companies often call press conference when they have significant news to announce, such as the introduction of a new product or advertising campaign. Although used less often by organizations and corporations, this form of delivery can be very effective. The topic must be of major interest to a specific group before it is likely to gain coverage.
MODELING THE PROCESS OF ASSIMILATION AND OPERATIONALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT OF MARKETING BY ROMANIAN LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Zait Luminita
Published: January 2018

This paper proposes a model that wants to offer some pertinent answers about the process of assimilation and operationalization of the marketing concept in the practice of local organizations in Romania. Considering the reality of organizational practice in Romania, which revealed a lack of consistency in the approach of assimilation and operationalization of the marketing concept, the model tries to capture a range of factors that determine and explain this phenomenon. Reality shows that many Romanian organizations either do not perceive the need and importance of marketing in their activity or assimilate and develop a priori, actions carried out by transnational companies that do not meet the particular context of the Romanian market and / or of internal environment. The model attempts to capture the peculiarities of the process of assimilation and operationalization of the concept of marketing in local organizations and describe the characteristics of each identified organizational structures.
THE ROLE OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT IN IMPLEMENTING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN ROMANIA
Authors: Danu Cornelia Marcela , Nechita Elena , Manea Liliana Rozemarie
Published: January 2018

In the present paper we analyzed the position of the Romanian urban environment in the process of implementing the circular economy, with the correlations and interdependences between the phenomena and demo-economic processes and the forms for the application of the circular economy. The poor implementation of the circular economy in the urban areas in Romania is conditioned by the low level of income, the expenditure, the consumption expenditure and the degree of low urbanization, the low level of labour productivity, etc., and by the psychology of the decision makers that is still not adjusted to the requirement to make the best choices for sustainable development of the economic system. We have highlighted the correlations between: the municipal waste recycling rate and the resource productivity in Romania; the total income of the population in the urban areas of residence in Romania and the waste recycling rate; the total average expenditure per person in urban areas and the municipal waste recycling rate; the monthly average consumption expenditure per person, in urban areas and municipal waste recycling rate; the employed population rate in urban areas and the municipal waste recycling rate; the urban population living in the 41 counties of Romania and Bucharest and the municipal waste recycling rate.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ON THE CONCEPT OF MARKETING ASSIMILATION AND OPERATIONALIZATION BY LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS IN PRACTICE
Authors: Zait Luminita
Published: January 2018

In the last 10 years the Romanian society was in a long process of change, all the economic, social, political factors knowing a new dynamic in trying to adapt to conditions specific to new marketing environment. An important feature of Romanian society, which is relevant in the context of the proposed article, is that the economy encourages and facilitates the penetration of transnational organizations in the domestic markets with involved advantages and disadvantages. This article is part of a larger study that targeted the issue of assimilation and operationalization of the marketing concept and market orientation vision of the local organizations in the context of market globalization, to identify, on the one hand, the influence of transnational organizations on the local organizations practices, through the incorporation of marketing vision and culture, and, on the other hand, the extent to which local organizations have specific practices aligned to transnational organizations practices acting on the market in Romania.