bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of croplands of winter cereals in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, through unsupervised classification of normalized difference vegetation index images
Authors: Junges Amanda H. , Fontana Denise C. , Pinto Daniele G.
Published: September 2013

This study aimed to propose methods to identify croplands cultivated with winter cereals in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Thus, temporal profiles of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from MODIS sensor, from April to December of the 2000 to 2008, were analyzed. Firstly, crop masks were elaborated by subtracting the minimum NDVI image (April to May) from the maximum NDVI image (June to October). Then, an unsupervised classification of NDVI images was carried out (Isodata), considering the crop mask areas. According to the results, crop masks allowed the identification of pixels with greatest green biomass variation. This variation might be associated or not with winter cereals areas established to grain production. The unsupervised classification generated classes in which NDVI temporal profiles were associated with water bodies, pastures, winter cereals for grain production and for soil cover. Temporal NDVI profiles of the class winter cereals for grain production were in agree with crop patterns in the region (developmental stage, management standard and sowing dates). Therefore, unsupervised classification based on crop masks allows distinguishing and monitoring winter cereal crops, which were similar in terms of morphology and phenology.
Indicador de sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas: estudo de caso em áreas de cultivo de milho
Authors: Capellesso Adinor José , Cazella Ademir Antonio
Published: September 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a eficiência energética de sistemas de produção de milho convencional e orgânico em unidades produtivas do Extremo Oeste Catarinense. Os resultados do estudo de caso apontam que a produção dos híbridos transgênicos e convencionais tem uso intensivo de insumos, alcançando maior produtividade que o sistema orgânico. A conversão dos insumos em energia demonstra a baixa de eficiência energética. Com diferentes níveis de mecanização e adoção de tecnologia, o principal fator responsável pelas entradas energéticas é o uso de adubos nitrogenados de síntese química. As áreas com sistemas de produção orgânica apresentam maior eficiência energética, sendo conduzidas em pequena escala e obtendo menor produtividade.
Regime de crescimento, restrição externa e financeirização: uma proposta de conciliação
Authors: Amitrano Claudio Roberto
Published: September 2013

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em mostrar que os conceitos de regime de crescimento, restrição externa e financeirização presentes em diversos estudos pós-keynesianos sobre crescimento são, não só compatíveis, mas complementares entre si. Tal conciliação pode ser mais bem interpretada com o uso de alguns conceitos da Teoria da Regulação Francesa.
Da matriz historicista ao holismo metodológico no institucionalismo vebleniano
Authors: Silva Vagner Luís da
Published: September 2013

O artigo procura, de modo geral, realçar o papel de Thorstein Veblen na história do pensamento econômico, retomando um dos mais originais críticos do capitalismo norte-americano de fins do século XIX e princípios do XX. Para tanto, o debate que empreendemos concentrar-se-á na abordagem de três tópicos importantes do chamado institucionalismo vebleniano, mas pouco destacados nas discussões do tema: (1) o diálogo com o historicismo alemão e sua influência no universo disciplinar da economia, (2) a incerta defesa do indutivismo como tática investigativa e (3) a percepção do holismo metodológico como a postura mais singular dos textos veblenianos, em franca oposição à tradição neoclássica de época.
Processed foods aimed at children and adolescents: sodium content, adequacy according to the dietary reference intakes and label compliance
Authors: Ribeiro Vera Favila , Ribeiro Marisilda de Almeida , Vasconcelos Margarida Angélica da Silva , Andrade Samara Alvachian Cardoso , Stamford Tânia Lúcia Montenegro
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE: This study determined the sodium content of processed foods aimed at children and adolescents and the adequacy of its content in relation to the dietary reference intakes, and verified label compliance. METHODS: The sodium content of 17 food samples (instant noodles, breaded items, hamburger patties, hot dogs and bologna sausages) was determined by flame photometry and chloride titration, and the results were compared with nutritional data. The labels were checked for compliance with the pertinent laws. RESULTS: According to flame photometry and chloride titration, 13 and 5 products, respectively, had sodium contents that exceeded those reported on the nutrition facts label by more than 20%. All samples had more than 480mg of sodium per serving. The tolerable upper intake level for sodium for children aged 4-8 years was exceeded in 8 instant noodles and 3 breaded items according to flame photometry, and in 9 items according to chloride titration. Regarding the legislation, 5 products used a daily reference intake other than that provided by the legislation to report their percent sodium content per serving. Moreover, the serving sizes of 3 instant noodles, the terminology used in 1 instant noodles and the protein content of 1 breaded item were also not compliant with the legislation. CONCLUSION: The sodium contents in the study samples were high and there was no regard for the legislation.
Diet quality in a sample of adults from Cuiabá (MT), Brazil: association with sociodemographic factors
Authors: Loureiro Anarlete da Silva , Silva Regina Maria Veras Gonçalves da , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Melo , Pereira Rosângela Alves , Wendpap Loiva Lide , Ferreira Márcia Gonçalves
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dietary quality of adults and to identify associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in a sample of adults (n=195), aged 20-50 years, of both genders, from a population-based study in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Food consumption data was collected by a food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and body composition data were also collected. Diet quality was analyzed by the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised. The associations were estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The mean Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised score was 75.2 points (CI95%=74.2-76.1), which differed significantly between the genders (p=0.03). Women had higher scores for whole fruit and sodium (p<0.01), while men had higher scores for oils, nuts, and fish fat (p=0.02). Individuals aged >30 years had higher total Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised score and higher scores for the groups whole fruit; saturated fat; and calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugar (p<0.01). The Poisson regression between high Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised and the independent variables showed that high Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised was associated with being female, being aged 30 years or more, and being from families whose household head had 8 or more years of formal education. CONCLUSION: The factors associated with high Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised were age, gender, and education level of the household head.
Transgenic and conventional Brazilian soybeans don't cause or prevent preneoplastic colon lesions or oxidative stress in a 90-day in vivo study
Authors: Sbruzzi Felipe Augusto , Venâncio Vinícius de Paula , Resck Maria Cristina Costa , Brigagão Maísa Ribeiro Pereira Lima , Azevedo Luciana
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE: The study presents the results of a 90-day safety assessment of rats fed with four varieties of soybeans, BRS 245 RR and BRS Valiosa RR (transgenic), BRS 133 and MG BR46 Conquista (non-transgenic). METHODS: Diets were prepared by incorporating toasted soybean flour to a commercial diet at 1%, 10% or 20% weight In the in vivo experimental the rats' body weight, body weight gain, food consumption, number of aberrant crypt foci, oxidative stress biomarkers, urea and creatinine levels were analyzed and compared between experimental groups, as well as histopathological observations (digestive tract, liver, kidneys). RESULTS: The results indicate that glyphosate-tolerant soy varieties neither induce nor prevent aberrant crypt foci induction, nor do their conventional counterparts. Similarly, none of the four soybean varieties tested induced changes in the digestive tract, liver or kidney. Serum biochemical parameters were also unchanged. CONCLUSION: The consumption of both, conventional and transgenic soybeans, were insufficient to ameliorate dimethylhydrazine-induced oxidative stress.
Factors associated with iron deficiency in pregnant women seen at a public prenatal care service
Authors: Camargo Rosângela Maria Souza de , Pereira Rosângela Alves , Yokoo Edna Massae , Schirmer Janine
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the frequency of iron deficiency and its association with socioeconomic, obstetric, and nutritional factors in pregnant women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included women on the second trimester of pregnancy seen at a public prenatal care facility of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil from May 2008 to May 2009. Socioeconomic, nutritional, and obstetric data were compared with markers of iron stores. RESULTS: During the study period, 146 pregnant women met the inclusion criteria. The frequency of anemia characterized by abnormal hemoglobin level, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume varied from 3% to 5%. However, 11% of the women had high transferrin levels and 39% had low ferritin levels. Before pregnancy, 21% of the women were underweight and 29% were overweight or obese. During pregnancy, the percentage of overweight or obese women rose to 40%. History of miscarriages, higher gestational age, and excess weight before pregnancy were associated with markers of iron stores at abnormal levels. Consumption of specific food groups was not associated with abnormal marker levels. CONCLUSION: Serum ferritin was the most sensitive indicator of iron deficiency. Excess weight and anemia were concomitant.
Olhares sobre a alimentação contemporânea: a gastro-anomia e os corpos de Botero
Authors: Medeiros Michelle , Galeno Alex
Published: September 2013

O excesso de discursos e informação em torno do tema da alimentação gera um cenário em que o comensal já não sabe como decidir pelo que comer. O sociólogo francês Claude Fischler, partindo do conceito durkheimiano, criou o neologismo gastro-anomia para falar sobre o paradoxo que vivenciamos frente à alimentação contemporânea: nunca soubemos tanto sobre os efeitos da alimentação sobre o corpo e, curiosamente, nunca tivemos tantos problemas de saúde relacionados a ela. É sobre este fenômeno gastro-anômico que trata o presente ensaio. Como a anomia se apresenta na sociedade contemporânea quando o assunto é alimentação? Como nutricionistas entendem esta questão? A arte, por realizar a síntese das propriedades intrínsecas da sociedade, foi utilizada como fio condutor das reflexões. O ponto de partida foi análise de duas obras de épocas distintas: Idade Média e contemporaneidade. O casal Arnolfini representado por Jan van Eyck é uma obra que data do século XV, época em que o discurso médico e o religioso eram aqueles que majoritariamente regiam as escolhas alimentares dos indivíduos. A paródia de Botero, por sua vez, traz à tona corpos volumosos, como uma referência ao excesso: o excesso de informações com que se depara o comensal hoje.
Variação Progressiva de Schoenberg em Hermeto Pascoal: análise e realização de duas lead sheets do Calendário do som
Authors: Araújo Fabiano , Borém Fausto
Published: September 2013

Terceira parte de estudo relacionando Arnold Schoenberg e Hermeto Pascoal em relação à harmonia tonal. Aqui adaptamos e aplicamos os conceitos de Forma e Variação Progressiva de SCHOENBERG (1994, 2006), juntamente com outros conceitos (SCHOENBERG,1984, 1993, 1999, 2001, 2004) abordados em artigo anterior (ARAÚJO e BORÉM, 2013, às p.35-69 desse número de Per Musi) na realização de duas canções instrumentais do livro de partituras Calendário do som de Hermeto Pascoal: 23 de junho de 1996 (PASCOAL, 2000a, p.23), e 9 de Junho de 1997 (PASCOAL, 2000a, p.374), cujas partituras (PASCOAL, 2013a e 2013b) são apresentadas às p.96-98 e p.99-101 desse desse número de Per Musi.
O caos organizado de Egberto Gismonti em Frevo: improvisação e desenvolvimento temático
Authors: Pinto Marcelo G. M. Magalhães , Borém Fausto
Published: September 2013

Estudo analítico sobre as práticas composicionais e improvisatórias de Egberto Gismonti na sua música Frevo para piano, especialmente na interseção entre os procedimentos de desenvolvimento temático e improvisação. A partir da versão gravada no disco Alma (GISMONTI,1987a), cuja transcrição foi realizada pelos autores do presente artigo e publicada no presente volume de Per Musi (GISMONTI, 2013, p.125-144), observa-se como Gismonti obtém grande unidade na realização de Frevo a partir da recorrência e diversas transformações de apenas cinco motivos ao longo da obra. A análise também revela uma hibridação de elementos da música popular (frevo, jazz, improvisação) e erudita (com reflexos de métodos da técnica para piano, J. S. Bach, F. Chopin, H. Villa-Lobos, da Primeira e Segunda Escolas de Viena e do período pós-1950).
Influência da aptidão aeróbia no running anaerobic sprint test (RAST)
Authors: Andrade Vitor Luiz de , Kalva-Filho Carlos Augusto , Zagatto Alessandro Moura , Kaminagakura Edson Itaru , Papoti Marcelo , Santiago Paulo Roberto Pereira
Published: September 2013

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a possível influência de diferentes níveis de aptidão aeróbia (VO2MAX) sobre os parâmetros do running anaerobic sprint test (RAST). Para isso, 38 indivíduos (Idade = 18,1±2,5 anos, Estatura = 173±1 cm e Massa corporal = 65,1±6,5 kg) foram classificados em dois grupos, baixa e elevada aptidão aeróbias (GBA: n=22 e GEA: n=16). O VO2MAX foi determinado por um esforço incremental em esteira rolante até a exaustão voluntária. O RAST foi composto de seis esforços máximos de 35m separados por 10s de intervalo passivo. O VO2MAX foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos (GBA = 51,7±1,9 mL.kg-1.min-1; GEA = 58,6±3,1 mL.kg-1.min-1). A potência média (PM) foi significativamente superior no grupo GBA (552,7±132,1 W) em relação ao grupo GEA (463,6±132,8 W). O impulso (ImP) foi significativamente correlacionado com o VO2MAX no GEA. Pode-se concluir que há um indicativo que o metabolismo aeróbio exerce uma influência na realização do RAST.
Desenvolvimento motor e crescimento somático de crianças com diferentes contextos no ensino infantil
Authors: Rodrigues Décio , Avigo Eric Leal , Leite Marlon Magnon Valdevino , Bussolin Robson Alves , Barela José Angelo
Published: September 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos de diferentes contextos no desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais e no crescimento somático de crianças no ensino infantil. Participaram deste estudo 50 crianças: 25 tiveram educação física com um professor da área e 25 crianças tiveram atividades com o professor responsável pela turma. Crianças foram avaliadas no início e final do ano letivo quanto a dados antropométricos, dobras cutâneas, medidas de atividade física e realizaram os subtestes do TGMD-2. No início do ano letivo, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre os grupos. No final do ano letivo, crianças que tiveram atividades com o professor da sala apresentaram redução no nível de atividade física, enquanto que crianças com educação física com o professor especialista apresentaram manutenção no nível de atividade física e melhor desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras. O envolvimento em diferentes contextos de aulas de educação física não é suficiente para promover alteração somática em crianças ao longo do ano letivo. Entretanto, educação física com o professor especialista melhora o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais e promove manutenção do nível de atividade física em crianças no ensino infantil.
Estabilidade locomotora durante a condução de um cão
Authors: Périco Bruna Carla , Mauerberg-deCastro Eliane , Pestana Mayara Borkowske , Porto Larissa Agnes , Magre Fernanda Lopes , Pacheco Stephanie C. Miranda
Published: September 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da percepção háptica na estabilidade locomotora do ser humano durante a condução de um cão com uma guia. Adultos (n=14), com e sem restrição da visão, andaram sobre uma trave de equilíbrio sozinhos, ou, com uma guia, andaram conduzindo um cão sobre um banco estreito ao lado. Quando os participantes caminharam conduzindo o cão, privados da visão, o desempenho locomotor-avaliado através da duração do deslocamento total, da duração das passadas, das fases de duplo suporte e balanço, do comprimento e velocidade das passadas, assim como da variabilidade da fase relativa-melhorou significativamente (p < 0,05) em relação ao desempenho locomotor na condição sem o cão. Nas condições com visão, conduzir o cão não resultou em mudanças nestas variáveis. Concluímos que estes indivíduos foram capazes de utilizar a guia do cão para detectar propriedades hápticas com propósito de melhorar a estabilidade na locomoção.
Complexidade da história e pausas silentes em crianças com e sem distúrbio específico de linguagem
Authors: Befi-Lopes Debora Maria , Bacchin Letícia Bondezan , Pedott Paula Renata , Cáceres-Assenço Ana Manhani
Published: September 2013

OBJETIVO: Verificar o tempo médio das pausas silentes em narrativas e a influência da complexidade da história na produção destas pausas nas narrativas de crianças em desenvolvimento típico de linguagem e em crianças com DEL; além de comparar estes aspectos nos dois grupos. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 60 crianças, entre sete e dez anos, sendo 40 em desenvolvimento típico de linguagem e 20 com DEL. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada uma série de 15 histórias, representadas por figuras, compostas por quatro cenas cada. As histórias apresentam complexidade crescente a partir das relações entre os personagens, desde ausência de intencionalidade (sequências mecânicas e comportamentais) até relações entre os personagens com atribuição de estados mentais (sequências intencionais), possibilitando o registro do tempo médio das pausas silentes produzidas nas narrativas. RESULTADOS: A complexidade da história influiu no tempo médio de pausas silentes nas narrativas das crianças em desenvolvimento típico de linguagem, porém, para as crianças com DEL não foi observado tal padrão. A comparação entre os grupos indica diferença significativa em todos os tipos de narrativas, com maior média no grupo com DEL. CONCLUSÃO: As crianças com DEL, devido ao seu comprometimento linguístico, apresentaram pausas silentes mais longas em suas narrativas. A complexidade da história influenciou o tempo médio da pausa silente durante a produção das narrativas das crianças em desenvolvimento típico de linguagem, porém esta influência não ocorreu nas narrativas das crianças com DEL.
Avaliação do desempenho de leitura em estudantes do 3º ao 7º anos, com diferentes tipos de texto
Authors: Dellisa Paula Roberta Rocha , Navas Ana Luiza Gomes Pinto
Published: September 2013

OBJETIVO: Este estudo pretendeu descrever o perfil do desempenho em leitura oral de escolares do terceiro ao sétimo anos do Ensino Fundamental, com diferentes tipos de textos. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 55 alunos entre sete e 14 anos. Para a análise de leitura, quatro textos foram elaborados previamente pela pesquisadora - um composto de palavras curtas, outro de palavras longas, um sintaticamente simples e um sintaticamente complexo. Os textos foram lidos pelos participantes oralmente e, após uma avaliação dos resultados, os dados foram computados e a análise estatística cabível foi aplicada. RESULTADOS: Houve gradual diminuição de tempo na leitura dos textos por ano escolar, além do aumento dos tempos de leitura no texto contendo palavras longas em relação ao de palavras curtas e no texto sintaticamente complexo em relação ao simples, em todos os anos. Observou-se aumento da taxa de leitura com a evolução da escolaridade, assim como uma taxa de leitura sempre maior no texto constituído de palavras curtas em relação ao de palavras longas e no texto sintaticamente simples em relação ao complexo. Houve, no geral, um aumento do número de palavras lidas corretamente com o aumento da escolaridade. Quanto à compreensão, foi encontrado um nível bastante semelhante de resultados, com um desempenho geral acima de 60% para as respostas às questões. CONCLUSÃO: Para construir instrumentos de avaliação, é essencial cuidar da seleção dos textos para a leitura, em relação tanto aos parâmetros psicolinguísticos, como à demanda cognitiva.
Estudo longitudinal da terapia de linguagem de 142 crianças e adolescentes com distúrbios do espectro do autismo
Authors: Amato Cibelle Albuquerque de la Higuera , Santos Thaís Helena Ferreira , Barbosa Milene Rossi Pereira , Fernandes Fernanda Dreux Miranda
Published: September 2013

Os últimos 25 anos proporcionaram mudanças significativas na atuação fonoaudiológica dirigida aos Distúrbios do Espectro do Autismo em todo o mundo. Elas envolvem os critérios diagnósticos, a metodologia de pesquisas e a sistematização de dados de processos diagnósticos e de intervenção. Nesse contexto, os primeiros resultados do uso de um sistema de registros utilizado num serviço especializado reforçam a importância da inclusão das informações referentes a cada processo de intervenção em sistemas confiáveis e acessíveis, garantindo a associação de informações, e evidenciam as possibilidades de estudos com grandes populações, o que não é comum na literatura da área.
Habilidades de leitura em crianças com diagnóstico de hiperlexia: relato de caso
Authors: Lamônica Dionísia Aparecida Cusin , Gejão Mariana Germano , Prado Lívia Maria do , Ferreira Amanda Tragueta
Published: September 2013

Hiperlexia caracteriza-se pela aquisição espontânea e precoce da habilidade de leitura, manifestada antes dos cinco anos, na ausência de instrução formal. Déficit da linguagem expressiva e receptiva, excelente memória, atraso nas habilidades linguísticas, ecolalia, perseverações e dificuldade para compreensão do contexto verbal são sintomas comuns em indivíduos hiperléxicos com transtorno global do desenvolvimento, incluindo a Síndrome de Asperger. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as habilidades de leitura de indivíduos que apresentam hiperlexia. Participaram seis meninos, com histórico de hiperlexia percebida pelos familiares antes dos 36 meses de vida, de idade cronológica variando de quatro anos e quatro meses a cinco anos e dois meses. Foram aplicados os seguintes procedimentos de avaliação: entrevista com os responsáveis, observação do comportamento comunicativo, Teste de Vocabulário por Imagens Peabody (TVIP), reconhecimento de letras do alfabeto e números, Teste de Desempenho Escolar, leitura de texto e compreensão de leitura. Os participantes apresentaram desempenhos diferentes no TVIP, demonstraram reconhecimento de letras e números e de palavras isoladas. Entretanto, foram verificadas diferenças no desempenho deles. Houve dificuldade em responder ao subteste de escrita; a maioria não compreendeu o texto lido e todos demonstraram reconhecer letras e números, sendo alguns deles com habilidade de leitura de palavras e texto. Porém, apresentaram alterações em outras áreas do desenvolvimento da linguagem, como vocabulário receptivo, comportamento comunicativo e compreensão do material lido, somados aos comportamentos alterados de adaptação social, interativos e restritivos.
Using Cognitive Task Analysis to Create a Teaching Protocol for Bovine Dystocia
Authors: Read Emma K. , Baillie Sarah
Published: September 2013

When learning skilled techniques and procedures, students face many challenges. Learning is easier when detailed instructions are available, but experts often find it difficult to articulate all of the steps involved in a task or relate to the learner as a novice. This problem is further compounded when the technique is internal and unsighted (e.g., obstetrical procedures). Using expert bovine practitioners and a life-size model cow and calf, the steps and decision making involved in performing correction of two different dystocia presentations (anterior leg back and breech) were deconstructed using cognitive task analysis (CTA). Video cameras were positioned to capture movement inside and outside the cow model while the experts were asked to first perform the technique as they would in a real situation and then perform the procedure again as if articulating the steps to a novice learner. The audio segments were transcribed and, together with the video components, analyzed to create a list of steps for each expert. Consensus was achieved between experts during individual interviews followed by a group discussion. A “gold standard” list or teaching protocol was created for each malpresentation. CTA was useful in defining the technical and cognitive steps required to both perform and teach the tasks effectively. Differences between experts highlight the need for consensus before teaching the skill. In addition, the study identified several different, yet effective, techniques and provided information that could allow experts to consider other approaches they might use when their own technique fails.
La compréhension écrite mal traitée ou maltraitée ?
Authors: Fade Pascale
Published: September 2013

Le choix d’enseigner la compréhension écrite aux étudiants de 2e année de Deug, spécialistes d’autres disciplines, n’est plus à justifier. Dans la mesure où une grande majorité d’étudiants a étudié la langue de cinq à sept ans dans le secondaire, l’enseignement devrait logiquement prendre appui sur des connaissances existantes et viser la consolidation et l’approfondissement de compétences acquises précédemment. Dans les faits, les performances en compréhension écrite de bon nombre d’étudiants sont médiocres et l’enseignement consiste en la mise en place, et non la consolidation, des compétences spécifiques à la lecture. La question qui vient immédiatement à l’esprit est la suivante : existe-t-il des conditions ou des raisons particulières qui font ou ont fait que les étudiants « ne savent pas lire » ? Pour apporter quelques éléments de réponse à cette question, l’auteur a consulté les textes officiels relatifs à l’enseignement de l’anglais dans les classes de seconde, première et terminale et analysé quatre manuels d’enseignement afin de mesurer la place accordée à la compréhension écrite et la façon dont elle est traitée dans l’enseignement secondaire.
Un centre de ressources au service d’une approche méthodologique de la compréhension de l’anglais oral pour un public de DEUG indifférencié
Authors: Sabiron Jean
Published: September 2013

Nous relatons dans cet article l’évolution de la nature des prestations d’un Centre de ressources : d’abord, réponse à une demande langagière par la fourniture de documents audiovisuels en vue d’une exposition raisonnée à la langue anglaise authentique, il devient la proposition d’une approche méthodologique multisources intégrée. Celle-ci, de caractère pragmatique, vise à une contextualisation linguistique et extra-linguistique des documents oraux faisant l’objet d’étude, et à la structuration des nouveaux acquis dans une perspective cognitive.
Convergences et divergences : production orale, production écrite
Authors: Perry Evelyn
Published: September 2013

Dans un premier temps, nous examinons un corpus de 20 000 mots écrits en anglais L2 afin de déterminer une taxinomie d’erreurs lexicales commises par des apprenants d’un niveau moyen-avancé. Ces productions font ensuite l’objet d’une analyse contrastive juxtaposant les six catégories d’erreurs lexicales répertoriées à l’écrit aux erreurs commises à l’oral par d’autres étudiants du même niveau.
Identification of a Tissue-Specific, C/EBPβ-Dependent Pathway of Differentiation for Murine Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Cain Derek W. , O’Koren Emily G. , Kan Matthew J. , Womble Mandy , Sempowski Gregory D. , Hopper Kristen , Gunn Michael D. , Kelsoe Garnett
Published: September 2013

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) are distributed throughout the body and play important roles in pathogen detection and tissue homeostasis. In tissues, resident macrophages exhibit distinct phenotypes and activities, yet the transcriptional pathways that specify tissue-specific macrophages are largely unknown. We investigated the functions and origins of two peritoneal macrophage populations in mice: small and large peritoneal macrophages (SPM and LPM, respectively). SPM and LPM differ in their ability to phagocytose apoptotic cells, as well as in the production of cytokines in response to LPS. In steady-state conditions, SPM are sustained by circulating precursors, whereas LPM are maintained independently of hematopoiesis; however, both populations are replenished by bone marrow precursors following radiation injury. Transcription factor analysis revealed that SPM and LPM express abundant CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-β. Cebpb−/− mice exhibit elevated numbers of SPM-like cells but lack functional LPM. Alveolar macrophages are also missing in Cebpb−/− mice, although macrophage populations in the spleen, kidney, skin, mesenteric lymph nodes, and liver are normal. Adoptive transfer of SPM into Cebpb−/− mice results in SPM differentiation into LPM, yet donor SPM do not generate LPM after transfer into C/EBPβ-sufficient mice, suggesting that endogenous LPM inhibit differentiation by SPM. We conclude that C/EBPβ plays an intrinsic, tissue-restricted role in the generation of resident macrophages.
IL-1 Induces Proinflammatory Leukocyte Infiltration and Regulates Fibroblast Phenotype in the Infarcted Myocardium
Authors: Saxena Amit , Chen Wei , Su Ya , Rai Vikrant , Uche Olisambu U. , Li Na , Frangogiannis Nikolaos G.
Published: September 2013

In the infarcted myocardium, activation of the inflammatory cascade clears the wound from dead cells, whereas stimulating matrix degradation and chamber dilation, thus contributing to the development of heart failure. IL-1 is critically involved in the postinfarction inflammatory reaction and mediates adverse dilative remodeling. We hypothesized that IL-1 may regulate postinfarction repair and remodeling through cell-specific actions on leukocytes and fibroblasts. Flow cytometry demonstrated that in mouse infarcts, early recruitment of proinflammatory Ly6Chi cells expressing IL-1R1, the signaling receptor for IL-1, was followed by infiltration with cells expressing the decoy receptor, IL-1R2. Increased expression of IL-1R2 may serve to terminate IL-1–driven inflammation after infarction. Loss of IL-1 signaling in IL-1R1 null mice globally attenuated leukocyte recruitment, reducing the number of infiltrating Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo cells. Nonmyeloid CD11b− cells harvested during the inflammatory phase of cardiac repair exhibited marked upregulation of chemokines and cytokines; their inflammatory activation was IL-1R1 dependent. Moreover, IL-1β attenuated TGF-β–induced contractile activity of fibroblasts populating collagen pads, attenuated α-smooth muscle actin expression, and stimulated matrix metalloproteinase synthesis in an IL-1R1–dependent manner. The effects of IL-1 on TGF-β responses in cardiac fibroblasts were not due to direct effects on Smad activation, but were associated with endoglin suppression and accentuated expression of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor, a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling. IL-1 may orchestrate fibroblast responses in the infarct; early stimulation of fibroblast IL-1R1 signaling during the inflammatory phase may prevent premature activation of a matrix-synthetic contractile phenotype until the wound is cleared, and the infarct microenvironment can support mesenchymal cell growth.
Cooperation of TLR12 and TLR11 in the IRF8-Dependent IL-12 Response to Toxoplasma gondii Profilin
Authors: Raetz Megan , Kibardin Alexey , Sturge Carolyn R. , Pifer Reed , Li Haiying , Burstein Ezra , Ozato Keiko , Larin Sergey , Yarovinsky Felix
Published: September 2013

TLRs play a central role in the innate recognition of pathogens and the activation of dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we establish that, in addition to TLR11, TLR12 recognizes the profilin protein of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and regulates IL-12 production by DCs in response to the parasite. Similar to TLR11, TLR12 is an endolysosomal innate immune receptor that colocalizes and interacts with UNC93B1. Biochemical experiments revealed that TLR11 and TLR12 directly bind to T. gondii profilin and are capable of forming a heterodimer complex. We also establish that the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 8, not NF-κB, plays a central role in the regulation of the TLR11- and TLR12-dependent IL-12 response of DCs. These results suggest a central role for IFN regulatory factor 8–expressing CD8+ DCs in governing the TLR11- and TLR12-mediated host defense against T. gondii.
Large Spectrum of HLA-C Recognition by Killer Ig–like Receptor (KIR)2DL2 and KIR2DL3 and Restricted C1 Specificity of KIR2DS2: Dominant Impact of KIR2DL2/KIR2DS2 on KIR2D NK Cell Repertoire Formation
Authors: David Gaëlle , Djaoud Zakia , Willem Catherine , Legrand Nolwenn , Rettman Pauline , Gagne Katia , Cesbron Anne , Retière Christelle
Published: September 2013

The interactions of killer Ig–like receptor 2D (KIR2D) with HLA-C ligands contribute to functional NK cell education and regulate NK cell functions. Although simple alloreactive rules have been established for inhibitory KIR2DL, those governing activating KIR2DS function are still undefined, and those governing the formation of the KIR2D repertoire are still debated. In this study, we investigated the specificity of KIR2DL1/2/3 and KIR2DS1/2, dissected each KIR2D function, and assessed the impact of revisited specificities on the KIR2D NK cell repertoire formation from a large cohort of 159 KIR and HLA genotyped individuals. We report that KIR2DL2+ and KIR2DL3+ NK cells reacted similarly against HLA-C+ target cells, irrespective of C1 or C2 allele expression. In contrast, KIR2DL1+ NK cells specifically reacted against C2 alleles, suggesting a larger spectrum of HLA-C recognition by KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 than KIR2DL1. KIR2DS2+ KIR2DL2− NK cell clones were C1-reactive irrespective of their HLA-C environment. However, when KIR2DS2 and KIR2DL2 were coexpressed, NK cell inhibition via KIR2DL2 overrode NK cell activation via KIR2DS2. In contrast, KIR2DL1 and KIR2DS2 had an additive enhancing effect on NK cell responses against C1C1 target cells. KIR2DL2/3/S2 NK cells predominated within the KIR repertoire in KIR2DL2/S2+ individuals. In contrast, the KIR2DL1/S1 NK cell compartment is dominant in C2C2 KIR2DL2/S2− individuals. Moreover, our results suggest that together with KIR2DL2, activating KIR2DS1 and KIR2DS2 expression limits KIR2DL1 acquisition on NK cells. Altogether, our results suggest that the NK cell repertoire is remolded by the activating and inhibitory KIR2D and their cognate ligands.
The MyD88 Pathway in Plasmacytoid and CD4+ Dendritic Cells Primarily Triggers Type I IFN Production against Measles Virus in a Mouse Infection Model
Authors: Takaki Hiromi , Takeda Makoto , Tahara Maino , Shingai Masashi , Oshiumi Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Misako , Seya Tsukasa
Published: September 2013

Infection by measles virus (MV) induces type I IFN via the retinoic acid–inducible gene I/melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5/mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) pathway in human cells. However, the in vivo role of the MAVS pathway in host defense against MV infection remains undetermined. CD150 transgenic (Tg) mice, which express human CD150, an entry receptor for MV, with the disrupting IFNR gene (Ifnar−/−), are susceptible to MV and serve as a model for MV infection. In this study, we generated CD150Tg/Mavs−/− mice and examined MV permissiveness compared with that in CD150Tg/Ifnar−/− mice. MV replicated mostly in the spleen of i.p.-infected CD150Tg/Ifnar−/− mice. Strikingly, CD150Tg/Mavs−/− mice were not permissive to MV in vivo because of substantial type I IFN induction. MV barely replicated in any other organs tested. When T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from CD150Tg/Mavs−/− splenocytes were cultured with MV in vitro, only the DCs produced type I IFN. In vitro infection analysis using CD150Tg/Mavs−/− DC subsets revealed that CD4+ and plasmacytoid DCs, but not CD8α+ and CD8α−CD4− double negative DCs, were exclusively involved in type I IFN production in response to MV infection. Because CD150Tg/Mavs−/− mice turned permissive to MV by anti-IFNAR Ab, type I IFN produced by CD4+ DCs and plasmacytoid DCs plays a critical role in antiviral protection for neighboring cells expressing IFNAR. Induction of type I IFN in these DC subsets was abolished by the MyD88 inhibitory peptide. Thus, production of type I IFN occurs via the MyD88-dependent and MAVS-independent signaling pathway during MV infection.
Shining fresh light on the evolution of photosynthesis
Authors: Samal Areejit , Martin Olivier C
Published: September 2013

There are two types of photosynthesis, C3 and C4, and computational techniques have been used to explore how C4 plants evolved from their C3 ancestors.
Project Based Learning: A Sustainable Advocacy For Environmental Education Conservation
Authors: ROBLES AVA CLARE MARIE O. , NICART JIOHARIA L.
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a clear-cut research on how PBL was employed. This contributes to the realistic environmental application by equipping learners in addressing environmental vulnerabilities and threats, which are often compounded to economic devastation. It was an exploratory qualitative research design which employed a case-study method. This study reveals that PBL has a sustainability mechanism once used as advocacy for environmental conservation. The utilization of this endeavour has a strong force to the holistic learning of the students. Likewise, it contributed directly in developing students’ values in line with environmental sustainability through the preservation of communities’ sensitive areas. This is said to be one of the major keys in attaining environmental conservation, since it incorporates economic, environmental and inter-generational learning.Keywords: Project based learning, environmental advocacy, environmental educationconservation, environmental initiatives, community immersion, descriptive design,Philippines
Usage of Instructional Materials among Teacher Education Faculty in Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines
Authors: TOMINEZ BONIMAR A. , DELA CRUZ LEILA M. , GABATINO BRYAN B.
Published: September 2013

Some learning takes place from the things that learners hear; more learning takes place from the things that learners see; and, still more learning transpires from what learners do. Hence, the importance of providing adequate, appropriate and varied instructional materials to concretize and substantiate learning. This study is a descriptive research that ascertained the extent of usage of instructional materials of teacher education faculty members of the Nueva Vizcaya State University, School Year 2011-2012. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from randomly selected teacher education students and teachers. Frequency counts, means, percentages and correlation procedures were employed to treat the collected data. The students thought that teachers use all kinds of instructional materials from time to time while the teachers perceived themselves to habitually use all kinds of instructional materials. Both teachers and students viewed that teachers remarkably consider the characteristics of the different instructional materials when utilizing them in the teaching-learning process. The teachers consider the age and year level of their students as well as their attendance to relevant seminars when using different kinds of instructional materials in facilitating learning. Additionally, the students’ age and gender contribute to the teachers’ effective use of instructional materials with consideration to their characteristics.Keywords: Education, learning aids, instructional materials, teaching-learning process,facilitating learning, student learning, quality instruction, Philippines
Extent of Extension Services Delivery in Tertiary State Technological Institutions of the Philippines
Authors: QUIMBO ELIZABETH M.
Published: September 2013

An extension service is one of the fourfold functions of higher education institutions. This study assessed the extent of implementation of the extension services programs of state technological institutions in a geographic region in the Philippines. The program implementers were sampled to draw data along the aspects of attainment of objectives, program relevance, and effectiveness of the strategies and activities adopted as well as the attainment of objectives, program relevance, and effectiveness of the strategies and activities adopted as well as the extent of the adequacy of resources available to the implementers. The findings showed two of three institutions with favorable results as to attainment of objectives, program relevance and strategies adopted as well as the extent of adequacy of resources in the delivery of services. To address gaps, this study further identified recommendations to enhance the capabilities of implementers such as trainings in extension services delivery, fund sourcing and forging institutional linkages or networking.Keywords: Education, Extension Services Delivery, Tertiary State Technological Institutions,Philippines
Beneficial Effects of Ashitaba (Gynura nepalensis): Users’ Testimonies
Authors: URSULOM FLORIDA U. , RIALUBIN ANICETO R.
Published: September 2013

Ashitaba (Gynura nepalensis, Gynura procumbens, Gynura acutifolia) is the ashitaba grown in the Philippines. Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei Kodzumi) originated in the Island of Hachijo, Japan. Both ashitaba have been studied by researchers using animals and in test tubes and have been claimed to be anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and anti-diabetic. Generally, this study aimed to widen the dissemination of the beneficial effects of ashitaba (Gynura nepalensis) based from testimonies of users. This study utilized the descriptive method of research with data presented in tabular form and analyzed in textual manner, used quota sampling, interview with guide questions, and frequency and percentage and rank. Findings showed that giving a lighter and healthier feeling, emitting stomach gas and giving a lighter feeling, and giving energy ranks 1, 2, and 3, respectively; on the other hand, aiding in dialysis, treating pharyngitis, goiter, and pain in nipples ranks last among the testimonies of respondents. Based on findings, it is concluded that ashitaba (G. nepalensis), is a health enhancer, medicine and good for health maintenance. Further, it is recommended that the result of this study be widely disseminated to be of help particularly to the poor, rich, pharmacologists, food businessmen, researchers, and other interested identities.Keywords: Social Sciences, Gynura nepalensis, Gynura precumbens, Angelica keiskei Kodzumi,quota sampling, Philippines
Analysis of High School Students’ Teaching Style Preferences
Authors: ABORDO IAN C. , AGUILLON CARTHY JOY T
Published: September 2013

The students are the best witnesses to how the teachers perform their instructional duties. Students develop particular expectations to teaching style preferences. This study investigates the students’ self-assessments of their teaching style preferences against their observed teaching styles that their year level teachers have used and determined the relevance of Teeters’ (2001) teaching style model. Teeters’ (2001) instructor style inventory was used to collect data from 114 high school students of an academy in Valencia, Bukidnon, Philippines. Results revealed that the students highly preferred all the teaching styles. Students in different year levels also rated their teachers’ safe, stimulating, spontaneous, and systematic teaching styles moderate and high. Significant differences in all the students’ observed teaching styles were found between the year levels. Teaching styles with “no difference” and “there is difference” depend on the year levels. School administrators and teachers in this academy may consider the viability of Teeters’ teaching style model in their teaching-learning processes.Keywords: Education, teaching styles, teaching-learning process, Teeter’s teaching stylemodel, Bukidnon, Philippines
Comparison of Paper Pencil Test and Web-based Test Taken by BS Information Technology Students of Leyte Normal University, Philippines
Authors: CALUZA LAS JOHANSEN B.
Published: September 2013

Evaluations, tests, and examinations are terms used to assess the knowledge or skills learned or acquired by students. Teachers must implement these tests in the most effective way. Two ways of administering the same test were investigated to gauge whether or not scores are affected by the kind of test taken. A paper pencil test and web-based test were created for the midterm examination of BS Information Technology Fourth Year students. Both examinations have the same content and each has its own policies and procedures. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative research design was used in this study. A survey was also conducted to determine the perceptions of the respondents about the two tests and the factors that affect their scores. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between paper pencil test and web-based test; however, there were factors that affected the scores of the respondents and these factors were very vital. The result of this research provides an additional knowledge to future researchers who will study similar topics.Keywords: Psychometrics, evaluation, test comparison, paper pencil test, web-based test,perception, time pressure test, qualitative-quantitative design, Philippines
Logical Connectors in the Discussion Sections of Research Journal Articles
Authors: DJUWARI _
Published: September 2013

In research articles (RAs), the writers always express their arguments especially in discussion section. In this case, most of the writers tend to relate one idea to another to make their ideas coherent. This research article is done to investigate the logical connectors used by the writers of research articles, especially the logical connectors of three categories: logical connectors, frame markers, and Code Glosses. These linguistic devices are commonly used by the writers in academic or research articles (RAs). This is a qualitative research using the documents for analysis. These documents are taken from the research articles published in the academic journals which are collected by means of purposive sampling from the discussion sections of the RAs. The instrument used is called Taxonomy of Textual Meta-discourse. The results show that the writers have different strategies in using the logical connectors depending on which point they relate the ideas in the discussion sections. The results are expected to provide the readers with some logical connectors and some perspectives of the strategies of using logical connectors in research writing especially in the discussion sections. It is recommended that the research writers use logical connectors for making the ideas coherent.Keywords: Linguistics, logical connectors, frame markers, code glosses, Textual Metadiscourseanalysis, academic journal articles, research articles (RAs), Indonesia