bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the "Homeland" Consciousness of the Mongolian People
Authors: Nai manjin
Published: November 2024

This article delves deeply into the "homeland" consciousness recorded in Mongolian language texts such as Jangar and The Secret History of the Mongols, exploring its background, origins, components, and evolution. The study aims to clarify the Mongolian ecological cognition and ecological protection awareness, revealing the embedded humanistic spirit, the ideas of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, and the underlying values.
A Review of Social Semiotics in the Interaction of Text and Image
Authors: MA Sai
Published: November 2024

As the major form of anti-epidemic promotion in network media, anti-epidemic promotion picture applies diversified multi-modal symbol resources in the construction of meaning. By exploring the interactive relationship between visual grammar and conceptual metaphor/metonymy, a joint multimodal research framework is created to clarify the meaning construction and mechanism contained in anti-epidemic pictures. The research shows that conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy not only provide cognitive motivation for the realization of visual grammar, but also inspire the associations of images to the real world. Visual Grammar highlights the cognitive meaning expression of conceptual metaphor and metonymy, stimulates readers’ interpretation of conceptual metaphor and metonymy. The research explores the combination of two mainstream multimodal research paths, and provides a new perspective for multimodal discourse analysis practice.
Exploration and Innovation in Practical Teaching for Computer Science Majors
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Yaxu , Huang Shean
Published: November 2024

Practical teaching in computer science is a key link in cultivating students' practical application skills. This paper conducts in-depth research and practical exploration in this field. By analyzing the problems and challenges of traditional practical teaching, a series of innovative methods and strategies are proposed to improve students' practical operation ability and problem-solving skills. This study adopted an experimental teaching model and verified it in different courses, achieving significant results. Through this research, we provide useful insights and suggestions for the future development of practical teaching in computer science.
Legitimacy and Limits of Administrative Power in the Big Data Era
Authors: Li Huiwen , Tang Chenxuan
Published: November 2024

The advent of the big data era has profoundly transformed the exercise of administrative power, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of administrative decisions while simultaneously posing challenges to legitimacy and the potential for abuse of power. This study examines the impact of big data technology on administrative power, systematically analyzing the foundations and limits of administrative power's legitimacy. It explores how to achieve a balance between legitimacy and limits of administrative power in the context of big data. By examining the intersection of traditional theories of power legitimacy and big data technology, the study proposes strategies for enhancing transparency in administrative decisions, strengthening public participation, and promoting inter-departmental cooperation. It also looks forward to innovative paths for exercising administrative power in the future. The results of this study are significant for both administrative management practices and theoretical development in the big data era.
Research on Ecological Culture in Mongolian Folk Songs from the Hetao Region
Authors: Sodbileg  , Naimanjin
Published: November 2024

Mongolian folk songs are deeply rooted in the vastness of the grasslands and the rhythm of nature. The lyrics reflect a profound reverence and love for the ecological environment, demonstrating a strong awareness of ecology and environmental protection. Especially in the Hetao region, Mongolian culture along the Yellow River's bend showcases a rich and diverse uniqueness, forming a distinctive cultural phenomenon in this area. By deeply analyzing Mongolian folk songs from the Hetao region, this study, through the combined perspectives of literature, linguistics, ethnology, history, and ecology, discusses the ecological values and educational significance of the harmonious relationship between humans and nature as embedded in these songs.
Research on Non-Equilibrium Dynamics Theory in Chemical Thermodynamics
Authors: Ren Panpan
Published: November 2024

Non-equilibrium dynamics theory is an important branch of chemical thermodynamics, widely applied in describing complex chemical reaction systems far from equilibrium. With the advancement of modern science and technology, an increasing number of chemical reactions exhibit unique behaviors under non-equilibrium conditions, such as self-organization and periodic oscillations—nonlinear phenomena. This paper systematically explores the distinctions between non-equilibrium and equilibrium states, introduces the fundamental principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and analyzes cutting-edge issues such as nonlinear phenomena and multi-scale dynamics. Additionally, it discusses the specific applications of non-equilibrium dynamics in far-from-equilibrium reactions, heterogeneous catalysis, and industrial chemical processes, addressing both theoretical and experimental challenges. Through the combination of theoretical analysis and practical application, this paper aims to provide new insights and methodologies for research on non-equilibrium dynamics in the field of chemistry.
Research on Brand Communication Methods of Public Cultural Institutions
Authors: Pang Dingkun
Published: November 2024

This article explores the branding communication methods of public cultural institutions, analyzing the roles and impacts of traditional media, new media communication, event promotion, collaborative communication, and word-of-mouth marketing. Through case studies, the article illustrates how to enhance the social influence and cultural outreach of public cultural institutions. For small to medium-sized public cultural institutions, the article proposes communication strategies based on brand positioning, resource integration, and cross-industry collaboration, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for improving brand communication effectiveness.
Effacements et fulgurances : autour de la mort dans Journal 1 de Jean-Luc Lagarce
Authors: Chevalier Élisabeth
Published: November 2024

Le présent article se penche sur les modalités de la mort dans l’oeuvre cinématographique Journal 1, réalisée par Jean-Luc Lagarce (1957-1995) en 1992, alors qu’il était atteint du sida. Ces modalités reposent sur l’intermédialité de l’oeuvre, qui laisse une place prédominante au texte diaristique. Tout tournés vers le monde extérieur, le texte et l'image contribuent à l’effacement du sujet de son propre journal, laissant l’avant-plan de l’oeuvre vacant. En mobilisant la narratologie intermédiale par le biais de notions comme la focalisation, cet article vise à montrer comment la mort, sans être abordée de front ni à la première personne, prend forme dans cet espace. La mort apparaît dès lors comme un sujet collectif plutôt que comme une expérience individuelle.
L’usage politique des photos de victimes du franquisme par les associations mémorialistes en Galice
Authors: Haddioui Eléonore
Published: November 2024

Prenant appui sur un ancrage ethnographique en Galice (État espagnol), cet article propose de décrire et d’analyser des formes contemporaines d’usage mémoriel des images par les membres d’associations pour la récupération de la mémoire historique dont l’action vise principalement retracer les victimes oubliées du franquisme et à leur rendre hommage. Dans un contexte de tension mémorielle, l’usage des photos comme archives et comme matérialisation de l’existence des victimes – ou plutôt de leur absence, dans l’espace public comme dans les arbres généalogiques – est omniprésent. Quelle place pour ces morts dont on a longtemps occulté l’existence, morts invisibles rendues visibles par le travail de mémoire ? Comment la mise en image, en visage, est-elle utilisée pour réparer l’irréparable?
Une politique de prix minimum par verre d’alcool au Québec : analyse des enjeux liés
aux accords commerciaux internationaux1
Authors: Massé Geneviève , Ouellet Richard , Blouin Chantal
Published: November 2024

Alors que plusieurs gouvernements cherchent aujourd’hui à contrôler les risques
associés à la consommation excessive d’alcool, des politiques visant à éliminer les sources
d’alcool à très faible prix émergent. Les politiques de prix minimum établissant un prix
plancher au-dessous duquel il est interdit de vendre de l’alcool causent toutefois
controverses, notamment en Écosse, pour les effets restrictifs au commerce qu’elles peuvent
causer. Lors de l’adoption d’une politique ayant le potentiel effet de restreindre le
commerce d’un certain produit, il est nécessaire d’en évaluer la compatibilité à l’instar du
droit international économique. Cet article examine alors les enjeux entourant la mise en
oeuvre d’une politique de prix minimum par verre d’alcool standard au Québec à la lumière
des engagements commerciaux internationaux applicables. Nous soutenons, après une analyse
des accords de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) et de la jurisprudence qui en
découle, qu’une politique de prix minimum risque d’être considérée comme compatible avec les
engagements qui ressortent du système OMC et qui lient le Québec. Nous évaluons plus
précisément la compatibilité de la mesure avec les obligations concernant le traitement
national et les restrictions quantitatives comprises à l’Accord général sur les tarifs
douaniers et le commerce (GATT), ainsi qu’avec l’Accord sur l’application
des mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires (Accord SPS) et l’Accord sur les
obstacles techniques au commerce (Accord OTC). C’est toutefois en vertu de
l’exception prévue au paragraphe XXb) du GATT portant sur la protection de la vie
des individus que la politique de prix minimum telle que proposée démontre sa compatibilité
au droit de l’OMC.
L’action du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies dans la mise en oeuvre des droits humains
Authors: Toe Roland Melaine
Published: November 2024

Sans doute, la protection des droits humains est le sujet qui préoccupe le plus au sein de la communauté internationale. En la matière, si le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies joue un rôle pertinent tant on lui reconnaît la responsabilité principale du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales, il n’en demeure pas moins des dérives opportunistes dans l’action de ses membres permanents. Ces dérives peuvent s’apparenter à des excès de pouvoir. Autrement dit, le succès de la protection des droits humains dans l’arène internationale repose à bien des égards sur l’attitude individuelle des membres permanents du Conseil de sécurité en fonction des intérêts en jeu. Dès lors, l’obtention de leur faveur semble être de mise. Peut-être la voie de la négociation avec chacun d’entre eux, dans chaque cas, pourrait-elle être ce qui est nécessaire pour satisfaire aux exigences de la Charte des Nations Unies sur le maintien de la paix et la sécurité internationales en ce qui a trait à la mise en oeuvre des droits humains.
Part-of-speech homonyms as a consequence of the step-by-step transposition of the instrumental case of nouns into an adverb
Authors: Shigurov Viktor Vasil'evich , Shigurova Tat'yana Alekseevna
Published: November 2024

The relevance of the work is associated with the need to develop criteria for differentiating functional and functional-semantic homonyms generated by the mechanism of adverbial transposition of the instrumental case of nouns. The novelty of the study is due to the development of criteria for differentiating, on the one hand, nouns, and on the other hand, adverbs arising on their basis. The purpose of the work is to study the features of nouns and adverbs that allow differentiating grammatical and lexical-grammatical homonyms. The object of analysis is substantive word forms involved in the process of adverbialization, the subject of consideration is the stages and features of their adverbial transposition, the criteria for differentiating homonyms. Structural-semantic, distributional and oppositional analysis, linguistic experiment were used. Criteria for differentiating word forms representing different degrees of adverbialization in the zones of the periphery and core of adverbs are established. The meanings of objectivity and adverbiality are recognized as the main criteria. The presence of part-of-speech semantics of the subject in the disputed word forms predetermines the implementation of the categories of gender, number and case, case-numerical paradigms, the system of inflections and the typical function of complement in them. The formation of adverbial semantics in nouns leads to their decategorization, loss of categories and paradigms, transformation of the morphemic structure caused by the degeneration of inflection into a suffix and expansion of the word base, as well as to the acquisition of the typical function of adverbial circumstance. It is proved that as a result of the stepwise adverbialization of the instrumental case of nouns, grammatical homonyms arise that do not break the semantic connection with the substantive lexeme; hybrids and nuclear adverbs that function as lexical and grammatical homonyms.
The potential of the university teacher's Telegram channel for the development of the university's image
Authors: Afanas'eva Anastasiya Georgievna
Published: November 2024

The subject of the study is the content of the Telegram channel of a university teacher as a means of forming the image of the university. The object of the study is the potential of the employee's Telegram channel as a contribution to the organization's public relations. The author examines this issue in detail using the example of higher education organizations, choosing large and small universities for practical analysis and comparing the content of Telegram channels of those teachers who advertise their affiliation to the university. Special attention is paid to two different approaches typical for large and small universities, respectively: in the first case, the professors positions themselves as professionals regardless of teaching activities, in the second – precisely as university employees. As a result of the analysis, recommendations have been developed that will allow universities to productively use the potential of new media. When selecting the research material, the method of continuous sampling of employees leading Telegram channels and the content of the Telegram channels themselves was used. The author used the method of content analysis of publications, analysis of the quantitative composition of the audience, as well as strategies for the interaction of the channel author with his audience through feedback tools. The main conclusions of the conducted research are, firstly, the statement of the fact of the extremely small use of the potential of employees' Telegram channels to build the image of the organization in the field of higher education. With great attention to the personality of the teacher and the significant influence of his personality on the views of students, tastes in the field of art and culture and the choice of a future profession, the professorship does not convert this influence into the space of new media. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the identification of two strategies for the interaction of the personality of the author of the Telegram channel with his profession as a university teacher. Conditionally, they can be designated as the primacy of professional success and personal brand, regardless of teaching, and the primacy of teaching, regardless of personal brand. The novelty of the research lies in the research of the teacher's Telegram channel, undertaken for the first time in Russian science, precisely in connection with the image of the university: for example, there are studies of teachers' Telegram channels in their connection with the teaching process (assignment placement, dialogues with students through the Telegram platform), but the connection with the positioning of the university and its image has not been previously considered.
Technology: metaphors of "machine" and "mechanism" in the history of philosophical thought
Authors: Pluzhnikova Natalia  Nikolaevna , Saenko Natalya Ryafikovna
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of "technology" in the history of philosophical thought. The authors have consistently analyzed the psychological, symbolic and socio-cultural factors of influence on the processes of the origin and evolution of technology, which is represented in the history, primarily of classical philosophy, in the form of metaphors of "machine" and "mechanism". This research focus makes it possible to study the interaction of human and technical in a historically and culturally mediated philosophical discourse. In conclusion, a brief overview of the models of representation of technology and the image of a person associated with it as a machine or mechanism dominating in modern information culture is given, epistemological philosophical and natural scientific factors of the functioning of this process are highlighted, and a conclusion is made about the dominant concept of technology as a "supporting structure" of modern culture Using the comparative method, ancient, medieval, and modern concepts of technology, as well as the binary opposition of "man–machine" formed by it, are studied. For the first time, the reconstruction of the concept of technology was carried out through the analysis of socio-cultural discourse in philosophical constructions. The role of these constructions in culture is determined. The authors came to the following conclusions: 1.The genesis of the concept of technology was associated with the understanding of technology as technology, but technology in ancient thought was a broader concept, denoting the totality of artificial human activity represented in technology (specific objects, images) as a means of defining reality. 2.The "supporting structure" of the concept of technology in Western European culture are the metaphors of "machine" and "mechanism", which laid the foundations for understanding man in a post-industrial society. 3.Modern culture can be considered as a technical and technological reality that continues the reconstruction of the metaphor of the "machine" that has developed in the history of philosophical thought.
Open source as a gateway to artificial intelligence
Authors: Balnaves Edmund
Published: November 2024

Open source has been widely adopted across the entire solution set in the library world, including software for traditional library services, digital libraries, discovery systems, identity management and persistent identifier solutions. Open source is also foundational in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions. Open source AI toolkits have driven the adoption of AI in machine learning, image recognition, video analysis and many other areas relevant to library systems. The communities supporting open source library software are among the largest and most dynamic in the library world. The Koha library management system is supported by a community of developers, librarians, service providers and participating libraries around the world, and is probably the most widely adopted library management system in the world. This article explores the evolution of open source in libraries and the ways in which the open source solutions can facilitate the introduction of AI in libraries in a way that gives libraries agency on the AI model development and implementation. Examples are provided on the use of AI toolkits in the library context.
Developing a digital management system for museum collections using RFID and enhanced GIS technology
Authors: Wang Yun , Zhang Ying , Zhang LingYu
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the integration of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology with deep learning has revolutionized the Internet of Things (IoT), leading to significant advancements in object identification, management, and control. Museums, which rely heavily on the meticulous management of collections, require precise and efficient systems to monitor and oversee their valuable assets. Traditional methods for tracking and managing museum collections often fall short in providing real-time updates and ensuring optimal environmental conditions for preservation. These shortcomings place a considerable burden on museum staff, who must manually track, inspect, and maintain extensive collections. This study addresses these challenges by proposing an advanced electronic management system that leverages the synergy between RFID technology and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). By integrating an enhanced LANDMARC algorithm into our geoinformation framework, the system visually represents the real-time location of museum collections on custom electronic maps, significantly improving the accuracy and timeliness of environmental monitoring. Additionally, RFID technology is utilized to continuously identify the real-time location of museum staff, facilitating the evaluation of their inspection tasks. This dual approach not only enhances the operational efficiency of collection management but also supports the development of intelligent, automated systems for museums, advancing the application of RFID technology in item identification and location management.
Servicio circular polifuncional de tratamiento de aguas rural: Sistema de Humedales Construidos como infraestructura medioambiental para Lo Abarca
Authors:   , Hidalgo Jerez María Jesús
Published: November 2024

Lo Abarca, ubicado en la comuna de Cartagena en la provincia de San Antonio, es uno de los centros rurales junto a Lo Zarate y El Turco, que se encuentra dentro de las comunas declaradas con escasez hídrica 2023 – 2024, que además de tener problemas para acceder a agua potable por APR, presenta un deterioro en los equipamientos comunitarios y en la conservación de la flora del lugar, en especial en torno a la quebrada en la cual se configura. El uso de suelo de la localidad se centra en la vivienda, sin presentar un sistema formal de alcantarillado por lo que utiliza fosas sépticas y pozos de absorción. En la búsqueda de complementar la fuente de abastecimiento de agua, es que se plantea la utilización de Humedales Construidos descentralizados y polifuncionales para tratar las aguas residuales y con ellas habilitar equipamientos comunitarios y regenerar la vegetación nativa afectada. El sistema se instala entorno a la Quebrada Lo Abarca al considerarse un punto de conexión entre las dinámicas hidrológicas, urbanas, productivas y culturales que definen a la localidad rural. Considerando sus cualidades particulares, es que se plantea consolidar en ella la interfaz que permita la interacción entre las dinámicas propias utilizando los Humedales Construidos como elemento configurador y gatillador de la nueva urbanización y la conservación ecológica. Se considera su integración por medio de abertura de caminos, diseño de senderos y activación programática.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Effects of Pregnancy on Thyroid Volume in a Nigerian Cohort
Authors: Ugboma Enighe W , Wekhe Chidinma
Published: November 2024

Background: During pregnancy, the thyroid gland experiences physiological changes critical for metabolism regulation. Ultrasonography provides a non-invasive means to assess these changes effectively. Thyroid gland responds physiologically to increased demands for iodine and energy which is the case in pregnant women.
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the physiological and pathological alterations in the thyroid gland of pregnant women across gestational ages (0-40 weeks) at a specialist hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study is also aimed at giving normative values of thyroid volume in pregnancy which helps in ascertaining when a pregnant woman develops goiter as well as properly monitor thyroid hormones.
Methods: A prospective study involving 559 healthy pregnant women was conducted from September 2023 to May 2024. Data collected included age, BMI, weight, and height. Thyroid volume was assessed via ultrasound. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0 with a significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results: The mean maternal age was 29.95 ± 6.34 years. Significant positive correlations were observed between thyroid volume in the right lobe and variables such as age, BMI, weight, and height. The left lobe volume showed a positive correlation with parity.
Conclusion: The study confirms thyroid volume increases during pregnancy, with significant correlations to specific demographic and anthropometric factors. These findings underscore the importance of routine ultrasonographic evaluation of the thyroid in pregnant women for early detection and management of potential disorders.
Citronella Oil as Additives in Active Carrageenan -based Food Packaging Films: A Review
Authors: Sopyan  , Rochima Emma , Hasan Zahidah , Rostini Iis
Published: November 2024

The natural degradation process of plastics is slow and harmful to the environment, making biodegradable films a more advantageous option. These films not only reduce environmental pollution but also have the potential to preserve food products and extend their shelf life. This study explores the potential of utilizing iota carrageenan-based films in combination with essential oils for food packaging applications. Iota carrageenan, known for its high elasticity and thixothrophic properties, serves as an ideal base material for film formation. Essential oils, with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, are incorporated into the packaging material to enhance shelf life and prevent food spoilage. Citronella oil demonstrates effective antimicrobial and antioxidant activities for food preservation. The presence of essential oils acts as plasticizers in the film, improving flexibility but requiring careful consideration of concentration to maintain network strength.
Inter-Connection between Refractivity Gradient Variations and Intertropical Discontinuity over Nigeria
Authors: S.O Ogodo , S.A Abosede
Published: November 2024

Radio signal transmission is significantly impacted by the troposphere's complexity. As a result, refractivity gradients has been a crucial parameter for path clearance estimation and propagation effects including ducting, super-refraction, and sub-refraction. Through empirical formulations, this study focuses on the correlations that exist between Intertropical Discontinuity (ITD) and Refractivity Gradient. One important factor influencing West African weather patterns is the ITD. Utilising hourly temperature and relative humidity data for the years 2017 and 2018 at two levels (surface and 1000 hpa) gathered from the archives of the European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts (ECMWF) for twenty meteorological stations in Nigeria, the refractivity gradient values were computed. Using ANOVA method, five regression models (Linear, Cubic, Quadratic, Power and Log) were developed between refractivity gradient and ITD. The linear model (L = B0 + B1RG) have been found to be mostly significant with coefficient of determination ranging between 97% and 99%) across all the regions.
The Future of Accounting: Efficacy of Big Data on Accountant’s Functions in the Accounting Information Systems
Authors: Raji Yusuf, , Dagunduro Muyiwa E.,
Published: November 2024

Before the advent of big data, accounting operations were performed mainly using historical and structured data. The emergence, however, introduced the use of big data to enhance and complement functions in the accounting information system, which improves the real-time and effective management of accounting data for varying uses of stakeholders. This study examined the efficacy of big data on accountant’s functions in the accounting information system in Nigeria. The study utilised survey research design method by administering structured Likert scaled questionnaire. This study was rooted in resource-based view theory and agency theory. The targeted population and the sample size was 283, which comprised accountants with experience in information systems. A purposive sampling technique was adopted to determine the respondent. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The empirical findings revealed that big data proxied with prescriptive analytics, predictive analytics, machine learning, and the Hadoop ecosystem had significant but negative effect on accountant’s functions in accounting information systems in Nigeria. This suggests that although these technologies are relevant and influential, their integration may be challenging or counterproductive to accountants' traditional roles. The negative effect could be due to factors like complexity, the need for new skill sets, inefficiencies in system adaptation, or resistance to change, which may hinder the effectiveness of accountants in fully leveraging these technologies within their work processes. This study concluded that while big data has the potential to significantly enhance accounting information systems, its integration into the accounting profession in Nigeria has been problematic. It was recommended that organizations should invest in comprehensive training programs for accountants, focusing on developing the necessary skills to handle big data tools effectively.
Fungicidal Potentials of Leaf and Bark Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Seed Fungi
Authors: Odira Johnson Oledibe, , Jude Ezejiofor Amadi, , Joel Uka Chiedozie , Ozioma Nwakuche Adaugo
Published: November 2024

In Nigeria, Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) is an important grain legume which besides being a food crop serves as a major source of income for rural households. The action of pathogens on stored seeds causes huge post-harvest and economic losses to cowpea farmers in Nigeria. This research was aimed at isolating and identifying the spoilage pathogens of cowpea seed and testing the potentiality of ethanol extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum on the isolates. Spoilt cowpea seed samples were purchased from different markets in Anambra State. They were transported to Alpha Research Laboratory, Awka in sterile polythene bags for microbial isolation. The spoilage organisms were isolated from the seeds through microbial culture. The media used for the isolation were Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar. Pathogenic fungi were isolated from the spoilt cowpea seeds. The findings indicated that Aspergillus aculeatus, Fusarium solani, Penicillium citrinum, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Aspergillus flavus were present. The pathogenicity test also showed that the above organisms were responsible for cowpea spoilage. These isolates were tested for their in-vitro antifungal activity against the leaf and bark extracts of Bryophyllum Pinnatum. The antifungal activity ethanol extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum on the isolated microorganisms were investigated using the disc method. Three different concentrations (25%, 50%, 100%) of extracts were used for the test. Fusarium solani showed the highest percentage of inhibition with antifungal medication while Penicillium citrinum showed the least percentage of inhibition with antifungal medication. The antifungal potential of Bryophyllum pinnatum extract on spoilage pathogens of stored cocoyam corms encourages more research on the active ingredient of the plant for easy use by farmers as alternative to commercial/ synthetic fungicides.
Dietary Ecology of Predatory Insects Examining the Role of Prey and Non Prey Foods of Ladybird Beetle
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Jin Miao , Jizhen Wei , Uzair Muhammad , Duan Yun , Dhiloo Khalid Hussain , Ling Li Hui , Fatima Sehar
Published: November 2024

Ladybird beetles consume a wide variety of non-prey items in their natural habitats, including aphids, fruits, plants, fungi, honeydew, and nectar. These non-prey foods play several critical roles, such as boosting fertility, decreasing mortality during dormancy, supporting migration, and enhancing survival during times when prey is scarce. Larval ladybird beetles have more specialized nutritional needs compared to adults, with simple carbohydrates being crucial nutrients that can improve adult beetle function and reproductive success. Non-prey foods often provide similar or greater nutritional and caloric content compared to prey. Each non-prey item has distinct defense mechanisms and nutritional benefits, influencing its suitability for ladybird beetles. Research comparing diets consisting solely of prey with mixed diets that include non-prey foods revealed that while pollen improved larval and adult performance, a diet high in sugar alone was less effective for reproduction compared to an aphid-based diet. Wheat, which lacks essential nutrients such as proteins, could not adequately support egg production and larval development. Although pollen did enhance overall performance, it could not completely offset the nutritional shortcomings of a diet high in sugar. Adding sugar to a diet did not markedly enhance the performance of ladybird beetles compared to a diet composed entirely of prey. This review underscores the need to understand the varied diet of ladybird beetles within their ecological context, as it has significant implications for the success of conservation-oriented biological control effort.
Drought Stress Screening in Backcross Inbred Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Germination and Seedling Stage
Authors: Pavithran Pooja , A Adheena Ram , G Seeja , R Beena , J S Bindhu
Published: November 2024

Drought is a key stress factor that limits rice production globally.  The present study was carried out to identify drought tolerant rice lines at the germination and seedling stages using polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced stress. Twenty promising high yielding BC2F4 lines, stacked with drought yield QTLs qDTY₁⸳₁ and qDTY₁₂.₁, derived from the cross between Manu Ratna X Improved White Ponni, were subjected to drought stress. Drought was imposed during germination using three levels (0, 10 and 15%) of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) concentrations. The experiment was conducted in factorial completely randomized block design with three replications and the observations on number of seeds germinated, root length, shoot length, germination index, germination stress tolerance index, fresh weight stress tolerance index, dry weight stress tolerance index and seedling vigour index were evaluated after stress treatment. A significant difference was noted among lines for characters under drought stress. Among the lines, MIB-29-2-3-1, MIB-29-8-5-35, MIB-43-5-3-66 and MIB-119-5-7-33 were selected which showed higher germination percentage, root length, shoot length, germination stress tolerance index and and seeding vigour index. The selected lines can be further evaluated in the field to develop drought tolerant rice varieties.
Standardization of Assay Method of Urease Activity in Inceptisol
Authors: G.J. Avinash , Patil S.R. , M.T. Apoorva , Thakare R.S. , Naik R. M.
Published: November 2024

Urea is the most important nitrogen fertilizer widely used in crop production and its fate in soils is regulated largely by the soil enzyme urease. The use of precise assay method for urease is an important aspect in regulating activity of soil urease which is the most useful to improve use efficiency of urea, and minimize the problems related to use of urea. In this context, the present laboratory investigation was undertaken with the objective to standardize the assay media components of soil urease activity in Inceptisol of MPKV, Rahuri soils. The Typic Haplustept was selected as a representative of Inceptisol and used for present study of optimizing assay media components for in vivo assay method for measuring activity of urease from Inceptisol. All the assay components viz., substrate concentration (0.2 M), buffer strength (0.05 M), weight of soil (5 g), amount of toluene (0.2 ml) and incubation time (2 h) were found optimum as per Tabatabai and Bremner (1972) except THAM buffer pH. The THAM buffer with a pH 8.5 was found to be optimum for measuring the activity of urease from Inceptisol. The values of urease activity from the 2g weight of soil and 1 h incubation time also found statistically at par with values of 5 g weight of soil and 2 h incubation time, respectively. Hence, the use of 2 g soil and 1 h incubation time in assay procedure are also sufficient for measuring urease activity, if the soil sample size and time are limiting factors.
Unveiling Genetic Diversity in Grain Amaranth through K-Means Clustering and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: T. N. Dhanalakshmi. , K. Madhusudan , S. Ramesh. , A. Mohan Rao. , K M. Srinivas Reddy. , S. R. Anand
Published: November 2024

Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a highly versatile and nutrient-dense pseudo-cereal that has gained increasing importance in global food systems. Developing diverse varieties and hybrids of grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is essential for harnessing its full potential as a climate-resilient and nutritionally rich crop. Germplasm studies provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity within amaranth, facilitating the breeding of improved cultivars that combine desirable traits such as higher yield, enhanced nutritional content, and increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Varietal development and hybridization can optimize characteristics like seed size, growth habit, and adaptability, making amaranth more suitable for a range of agroecological zones. In this direction present study conducted by evaluating 180 grain amaranth germplasm accessions for yield and contributing factors during the summer 2024 at the ICAR-IISS Regional Station in Bengaluru adjacent to NSP. Genetic distances among 180-grain amaranth germplasm accessions were determined using K-means clustering, resulting in 06 distinct groupings. Cluster V comprised of more number of accessions (48) and the least number of accessions in cluster VI (15). As per PCA, eight eigen values explains the total variance; among which PC1 explained maximum variance 82.06% followed by PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6, PC7 and PC8  explained 8.87%, 5.39%, 1.63%, 1.02%, 0.51%, 0.45% and 0.07 % respectively.
Comparative Field Assessment of Sowing of ragi by Seed Cum Fertilizer Drill and Broadcasting Techniques
Authors: R.Thiyagarajan  , C.Sivakumar  , Parasuraman P. , Selvan N.Tamil
Published: November 2024

One of the primary challenges in ragi cultivation is the reliance on traditional farming methods, which involve labor-intensive practices from land preparation to post-harvest operations. This not only increases production costs but also contributes to excessive drudgery. Labor shortages, especially during peak farming periods, further exacerbate the situation by driving up costs and reducing overall productivity. In this context, mechanization has become critical for ensuring timely agricultural operations, which are key to maximizing crop yields. The evaluation of tractor-operated seed drills has shown promising results, including a reduction in seed usage when compared to traditional methods.  It is found that the effective field capacity and field efficiency is 0.77 ha/h and  92.7 per cent  respectively. Cost of savings when compared to the broad casting is Rs. 239/ha. Moreover, the mechanization of ragi sowing has effectively eliminated the drudgery associated with manual sowing, making the process more efficient and cost-effective.
Effect of Nano-fertilizers in Wheat Crop Nutrition: A Review
Authors: Syed Saniya , Kumar Ashutosh , Singh Ramesh , Singh Devendra , Yadav Krishnanand , Karotiya Neetiraj
Published: November 2024

The use of nano - fertilizers in wheat cultivation represents a promising approach to overcoming some of the inefficiencies and environmental challenges associated with conventional fertilizer practices. Traditional fertilizers often suffer from low nutrient use efficiency, leading to excessive application, nutrient runoff, and environmental harm. Nano fertilizers, due to their nano-scale size and enhanced reactivity, improve nutrient uptake by plants, leading to better growth, higher yields, and reduced nutrient wastage. Studies show that Nano formulations of both macronutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and micronutrients (like zinc and iron) can significantly enhance wheat productivity. Nano fertilizers not only increase crop yield but also reduce the overall cost of fertilizer application by minimizing nutrient loss and improving absorption by the plants.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Fiber-reinforced Cement-based Materials
Authors: Jin Congying
Published: November 2024

Fiber reinforced cement-based materials are used to add various kinds of fibers to ordinary cement-based materials to improve their tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, flexural strength, flexural strength and impact resistance. There are many kinds of fiber, including steel fiber, carbon fiber, glass fiber, polypropylene fiber and basalt fiber, etc. The type, shape, content and length-diameter ratio of fiber will affect the performance of cement-based materials. In this paper, the research status of steel fiber, polypropylene fiber and basalt fiber on cement-based materials is reviewed, and the application of fiber reinforced cement-based materials is prospected.
Impact of Combining Bio-Inoculants along with Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Biological Characteristics in Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crop
Authors: Yadav Rishikesh , Kumar Robin , Singh Anand , Kumar Vinod , Yadav Dev Narayan , Kumar Umesh
Published: November 2024

A field experiment was carried out during the Kharif season in the year 2022 to assess the impact of inorganic fertilizers along with Bio-inoculants on soil biological properties in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consists of seven treatments viz., T1 Control, T2 100% RDF (150, 60, 40 N2, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1), T3 80% RDF + 10 kg BGA ha-1 Soil application + PSB (Phosphate solubilizing bacteria) 3kg/ha, T4 60% RDF + 10kg BGA ha-1 Soil application + PSB, T5 80% RDF + 500kg Azolla ha-1 Soil application +PSB, T6 60% RDF + 500kg Azolla ha-1 Soil application +PSB and T7 10kg BGA ha-1 Soil application + 500kg Azolla ha-1 Soil application + PSB were comprised in Randomized Block Design with three replication. The incorporation of inorganics, Azolla PSB, and BGA (bio-inoculants) actively activated microbial activities, resulting in a greater increase in the populations of total bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi was observed throughout all growth stages, regardless of the treatments applied, when compared to their initial densities. This phenomenon supports the notion of a stronger rhizosphere effect. This trend aligns with the rise in organic carbon content. Moreover, soil dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase activities, along with microbial biomass carbon, displayed an upward trend in tandem with the progressive growth phases of the rice plant.
Comparative Analysis of 4G and 5G Network Speeds Across Adailiya, Kaifan, and Yarmouk in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Ali Eng. Mohammad , Dokhan Eng. Nazeeha Al-
Published: November 2024

This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the outdoor performance of 4G and 5G networks across the neighborhoods of Adailiya, Kaifan, and Yarmouk in Kuwait. The analysis focuses on key performance metrics, including ping (latency), jitter (latency variation), download speeds, and upload speeds. Field tests conducted in various outdoor locations reveal that 5G significantly outperforms 4G in all measured parameters. Average download speeds on 5G reached up to 444 Mbps, while 4G managed 50 Mbps. Similarly, upload speeds were markedly higher on 5G, averaging 53 Mbps compared to 31 Mbps on 4G. Furthermore, 5G networks demonstrated substantial improvements in latency and jitter, ensuring a more stable and responsive connection. These findings underscore the transformative potential of 5G for enhancing outdoor connectivity in residential areas and highlight the need for further infrastructure development to ensure consistent coverage and performance.
Detection of Malicious Privileged Access Using a RuleBased Approach
Authors: Nasraddin Jehan Turki , Balkhair Eynas Hassan , Salamh Dr. Manar
Published: November 2024

Privilege insiders are harder to detect by organizations. An organization's systems are subjected to threats that will affect missions, assets, and individuals of the organization. Many organizations affected by threats over a year. This paper modeled the path of actors that aims to publish and share sensitive data of the company such as files to unauthorized users by insider attack by using State Transition Diagram and developed detection of the modeled insider attack paths using the rule-based approach. There are seventy-seven attack steps that can be taken to achieve goals of publishing and sharing sensitive company files which are done by an insider attack. After deep studying of the attacks steps, the designed diagram has layered the attack steps based on analysis and aggregated them to five groups. This paper also uses offline analysis, which use the log file after the attack occurred, publish process is not affected in offline analysis. Rules and pseudocode are explained in detail.
Implementation of Low‐Power Electronic Devices Using Solution‐Processed Tantalum Pentoxide Dielectric
Authors: Heo Jungwoo , Park Song Yi , Kim Jae Won , Song Seyeong , Yoon Yung Jin , Jeong Jaeki , Jang Hyungsu , Lee Kang Taek , Seo Jung Hwa , Walker Bright , Kim Jin Young
Published: May 2018

The development of solution‐processed field effect transistors (FETs) based on organic and hybrid materials over the past two decades has demonstrated the incredible potential in these technologies. However, solution processed FETs generally require impracticably high voltages to switch on and off, which precludes their application in low‐power devices and prevent their integration with standard logic circuitry. Here, a universal and environmentally benign solution‐processing method for the preparation of Ta2O5, HfO2 and ZrO2 amorphous dielectric thin films is demonstrated. High mobility CdS FETs are fabricated on such high‐κ dielectric substrates entirely via solution‐processing. The highest mobility, 2.97 cm2 V−1 s−1 is achieved in the device with Ta2O5 dielectric with a low threshold voltage of 1.00 V, which is higher than the mobility of the reference CdS FET with SiO2 dielectric with an order of magnitude decrease in threshold voltage as well. Because these FETs can be operated at less than 5 V, they may potentially be integrated with existing logic and display circuitry without significant signal amplification. This report demonstrates high‐mobility FETs using solution‐processed Ta2O5 dielectrics with drastically reduced power consumption; ≈95% reduction compared to that of the device with a conventional SiO2 gate dielectric.
Silica‐Coated Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles in Action
Authors: Hanske Christoph , Sanz‐Ortiz Marta N. , Liz‐Marzán Luis M.
Published: May 2018

Hybrid colloids consisting of noble metal cores and metal oxide shells have been under intense investigation for over two decades and have driven progress in diverse research lines including sensing, medicine, catalysis, and photovoltaics. Consequently, plasmonic core–shell particles have come to play a vital role in a plethora of applications. Here, an overview is provided of recent developments in the design and utilization of the most successful class of such hybrid materials, silica‐coated plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Besides summarizing common simple approaches to silica shell growth, special emphasis is put on advanced synthesis routes that either overcome typical limitations of classical methods, such as stability issues and undefined silica porosity, or grant access to particularly sophisticated nanostructures. Hereby, a description is given, how different types of silica can be used to provide noble metal particles with specific functionalities. Finally, applications of such nanocomposites in ultrasensitive analyte detection, theranostics, catalysts, and thin‐film solar cells are reviewed.