bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global forest management data for 2015 at a 100 m resolution
Authors: Lesiv Myroslava , Schepaschenko Dmitry , Buchhorn Marcel , See Linda , Dürauer Martina , Georgieva Ivelina , Jung Martin , Hofhansl Florian , Schulze Katharina , Bilous Andrii , Blyshchyk Volodymyr , Mukhortova Liudmila , Brenes Carlos Luis Muñoz , Krivobokov Leonid , Ntie Stephan , Tsogt Khongor , Pietsch Stephan Alexander , Tikhonova Elena , Kim Moonil , Di Fulvio Fulvio , Su Yuan-Fong , Zadorozhniuk Roma , Sirbu Flavius Sorin , Panging Kripal , Bilous Svitlana , Kovalevskii Sergii B. , Kraxner Florian , Rabia Ahmed Harb , Vasylyshyn Roman , Ahmed Rekib , Diachuk Petro , Kovalevskyi Serhii S. , Bungnamei Khangsembou , Bordoloi Kusumbor , Churilov Andrii , Vasylyshyn Olesia , Sahariah Dhrubajyoti , Tertyshnyi Anatolii P. , Saikia Anup , Malek Žiga , Singha Kuleswar , Feshchenko Roman , Prestele Reinhard , Akhtar Ibrar ul Hassan , Sharma Kiran , Domashovets Galyna , Spawn-Lee Seth A. , Blyshchyk Oleksii , Slyva Oleksandr , Ilkiv Mariia , Melnyk Oleksandr , Sliusarchuk Vitalii , Karpuk Anatolii , Terentiev Andrii , Bilous Valentin , Blyshchyk Kateryna , Bilous Maxim , Bogovyk Nataliia , Blyshchyk Ivan , Bartalev Sergey , Yatskov Mikhail , Smets Bruno , Visconti Piero , Mccallum Ian , Obersteiner Michael , Fritz Steffen
Published: May 2022

Spatially explicit information on forest management at a global scale is critical for understanding the status of forests, for planning sustainable forest management and restoration, and conservation activities. Here, we produce the first reference data set and a prototype of a globally consistent forest management map with high spatial detail on the most prevalent forest management classes such as intact forests, managed forests with natural regeneration, planted forests, plantation forest (rotation up to 15 years), oil palm plantations, and agroforestry. We developed the reference dataset of 226 K unique locations through a series of expert and crowdsourcing campaigns using Geo-Wiki (https://www.geo-wiki.org/). We then combined the reference samples with time series from PROBA-V satellite imagery to create a global wall-to-wall map of forest management at a 100 m resolution for the year 2015, with forest management class accuracies ranging from 58% to 80%. The reference data set and the map present the status of forest ecosystems and can be used for investigating the value of forests for species, ecosystems and their services.
Reduction of parasitic reaction in high-temperature AlN growth by jet stream gas flow metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Nagamatsu Kentaro , Tsuda Shota , Miyagawa Takumi , Aono Reiya , Hirayama Hideki , Takashima Yuusuke , Naoi Yoshiki
Published: May 2022

AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have a wide range of applications such as medical diagnostics, gas sensing, and water sterilization. Metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method is used for the growth of all-in-one structures, including doped layer and thin multilayers, using metal–organic and gas source raw materials for semiconductor devices. For AlN growth with high crystalline quality, high temperature is necessary to promote the surface migration of Al atoms and Al-free radicals. However, increase in temperature generates parasitic gas-phase prereactions such as adduct formation. In this work, AlN growth at 1500 °C by a stable vapor phase reaction has been achieved by jet stream gas flow metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy. The AlN growth rate increases with gas flow velocity and saturates at ~ 10 m/s at room temperature. Moreover, it is constant at an ammonia flow rate at a V/III ratio from 50 to 220. These results demonstrate the reduction in adduct formation, which is a typical issue with the vapor phase reaction between triethylaluminum and ammonia. The developed method provides the in-plane uniformity of AlN thickness within 5%, a low concentration of unintentionally doped impurities, smooth surface, and decrease in dislocation density because of the suppression of parasitic reactions.
Radiobiological effects of wound fluid on breast cancer cell lines and human-derived tumor spheroids in 2D and microfluidic culture
Authors: Jeibouei Shabnam , Hojat Ali , Mostafavi Ebrahim , Aref Amir Reza , Kalbasi Alireza , Niazi Vahid , Ajoudanian Mohammad , Mohammadi Farzaneh , Saadati Fariba , Javadi Seyed Mohammadreza , Shams Forough , Moghaddam Maryam , Karami Farshid , Sharifi Kazem , Moradian Farid , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Zali Hakimeh
Published: May 2022

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) could abrogate cancer recurrences, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To clarify the effects of IORT-induced wound fluid on tumor progression, we treated breast cancer cell lines and human-derived tumor spheroids in 2D and microfluidic cell culture systems, respectively. The viability, migration, and invasion of the cells under treatment of IORT-induced wound fluid (WF-RT) and the cells under surgery-induced wound fluid (WF) were compared. Our findings showed that cell viability was increased in spheroids under both WF treatments, whereas viability of the cell lines depended on the type of cells and incubation times. Both WFs significantly increased sub-G1 and arrested the cells in G0/G1 phases associated with increased P16 and P21 expression levels. The expression level of Caspase 3 in both cell culture systems and for both WF-treated groups was significantly increased. Furthermore, our results revealed that although the migration was increased in both systems of WF-treated cells compared to cell culture media-treated cells, E-cadherin expression was significantly increased only in the WF-RT group. In conclusion, WF-RT could not effectively inhibit tumor progression in an ex vivo tumor-on-chip model. Moreover, our data suggest that a microfluidic system could be a suitable 3D system to mimic in vivo tumor conditions than 2D cell culture.
Advanced sleep spindle identification with neural networks
Authors: Kaulen Lars , Schwabedal Justus T. C. , Schneider Jules , Ritter Philipp , Bialonski Stephan
Published: May 2022

Sleep spindles are neurophysiological phenomena that appear to be linked to memory formation and other functions of the central nervous system, and that can be observed in electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) during sleep. Manually identified spindle annotations in EEG recordings suffer from substantial intra- and inter-rater variability, even if raters have been highly trained, which reduces the reliability of spindle measures as a research and diagnostic tool. The Massive Online Data Annotation (MODA) project has recently addressed this problem by forming a consensus from multiple such rating experts, thus providing a corpus of spindle annotations of enhanced quality. Based on this dataset, we present a U-Net-type deep neural network model to automatically detect sleep spindles. Our model’s performance exceeds that of the state-of-the-art detector and of most experts in the MODA dataset. We observed improved detection accuracy in subjects of all ages, including older individuals whose spindles are particularly challenging to detect reliably. Our results underline the potential of automated methods to do repetitive cumbersome tasks with super-human performance.
The difference between semi-continuum model and Richards’ equation for unsaturated porous media flow
Authors: Vodák Rostislav , Fürst Tomáš , Šír Miloslav , Kmec Jakub
Published: May 2022

Semi-continuum modelling of unsaturated porous media flow is based on representing the porous medium as a grid of non-infinitesimal blocks that retain the character of a porous medium. This approach is similar to the hybrid/multiscale modelling. Semi-continuum model is able to physically correctly describe diffusion-like flow, finger-like flow, and the transition between them. This article presents the limit of the semi-continuum model as the block size goes to zero. In the limiting process, the retention curve of each block scales with the block size and in the limit becomes a hysteresis operator of the Prandtl-type used in elasto-plasticity models. Mathematical analysis showed that the limit of the semi-continuum model is a hyperbolic-parabolic partial differential equation with a hysteresis operator of Prandl’s type. This limit differs from the standard Richards’ equation, which is a parabolic equation and is not able to describe finger-like flow.
Design of high avidity and low affinity antibodies for in situ control of antibody drug conjugate targeting
Authors: Evans Reginald , Thurber Greg M.
Published: May 2022

Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) have rapidly expanded in the clinic, with 7 new approvals in 3 years. For solid tumors, high doses of ADCs improve tissue penetration and efficacy. These doses are enabled by lower drug-to-antibody ratios and/or co-administration of unconjugated antibody carrier doses to avoid payload toxicity. While effective for highly expressed targets, these strategies may not maintain efficacy with lower target expression. To address this issue, a carrier dose that adjusts binding in situ according to cellular expression was designed using computational modeling. Previous studies demonstrated that coadministration of unconjugated antibody with the corresponding ADC at an 8:1 ratio improves ADCs efficacy in high HER2 expressing tumors. By designing a High Avidity, Low Affinity (HALA) carrier antibody, ADC binding is partially blocked in high expression cells, improving tissue penetration. In contrast, the HALA antibody cannot compete with the ADC in low expressing cells, allowing ADC binding to the majority of receptors. Thus, the amount of competition from the carrier dose automatically adjusts to expression levels, allowing tailored competition between different patients/metastases. The computational model highlights two dimensionless numbers, the Thiele modulus and a newly defined competition number, to design an optimal HALA antibody carrier dose for any target.
Relationship between tooth loss and sarcopenia in suburban community-dwelling older adults in Shanghai and Tianjin of China
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Jingru , Han Peipei , Liu Yuewen , Ma Weibo , Zhang Hui , Wu Ning , Sang Sijia , Xia Yining , Pan Jiangtao , Liu Yang , Xie Fandi , Niu Shumeng , Hu Hao , Wang Hongbing , Yu Ying , Guo Qi
Published: May 2022

Both sarcopenia and loss of teeth are associated with aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential relationships between tooth loss and sarcopenia and its components in suburban community-dwelling older adults of Shanghai and Tianjin, China. The subjects were 1494 people over 60 years of age (40.7% men; aged 71.64 ± 5.97 years) from Chongming District of Shanghai and Hangu District of Tianjin. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia(AWGS) criteria were used to define sarcopenia. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer, a grip strength test, and a four-meter walk test, respectively. The subjects were divided into groups depending on self-reported loss of teeth. Our studies found no correlation between tooth loss and sarcopenia or muscle mass. However, the walking speed of female participants with at least 10 teeth lost was 0.059 m/s slower than that of participants with fewer than 10 teeth lost (p < 0.001), and grip strength was 1.577 kg lower among male participants with at least 10 teeth lost than among males with fewer than 10 teeth lost (p = 0.023). These results are consistent with the importance of good oral hygiene in preventing declines of physical performance in older adults.
A comparative analysis depicting the disease characteristics and phylogenetic signature of human cytomegalovirus infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 seropositive patients with end-organ retinitis and gastro-enteric diseases
Authors: Chatterjee Aroni , Roy Debsopan , Mukherjee Sumit , Ghosh Hiya , Maiti Agnibha , Basu Rivu , Chakraborty Nilanjan
Published: May 2022

During advanced HIV infection, Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been proven to produce devitalizing end-organ diseases (EOD). The interactive co-existence of HIV and HCMV has been reported by many researchers and has been suggested to be linked with a more aggressive disease state. This study has been designed to bring forward an assessment of the clinical risk factors capable of defining the conditions of HCMV induced retinitis and gastro-enteric diseases among HIV1 seropositive patients. We also intended to analyse the phylogenetic variation if any, among the infecting virus types inducing the two separate clinical conditions. The patients were arranged in three different groups; (Group 1 with 26 individuals and group 2 and group 3 with 25 individuals each) based on their current status of HIV and HCMV infections. Serum ELISA, qualitative and quantitative detection of HCMV DNA, Real time mRNA expression study, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed. All statistical analyses and graphs were exercised using relevant software. We found that in HIV patients with HCMV induced end-organ diseases the components of the CXCL9, 10, 11-CXCR3 chemokine pathway is highly expressed with significant differences existing among patients with retinitis and gastrointestinal disease. We found that the gL gene sequences from the retinitis (HR) group clustered almost separately from that of the gastroenteritis (HG) group in the phylogenetic tree. It may be suggested that a form of natural selection pressure is working on the clinical HCMV strains creating a slight divergence in their phylogenetic lineage thereby helping them adapt to the particular tissue microenvironment they are colonizing.
The differences in clinical characteristics and natural history between essential tremor and essential tremor plus
Authors: Lolekha Praween , Dharmasaroja Pornpatr , Uransilp Nattaphol , Sukphulloprat Puchit , Muengtaweepongsa Sombat , Kulkantrakorn Kongkiat
Published: May 2022

The diverse clinical manifestation of essential tremor (ET) has led to the question whether the different phenotypes may affect the clinical outcome and progression. This study aimed to estimate the clinical characteristics and natural history of ET and ET-plus. A total of 221 patients with ET were included, 117 (52.9%) reclassified as ET and 104 (47.1%) as ET-plus. Patients with ET-plus were significantly older in age at onset (P < 0.001); had a higher frequency of cranial tremors (P < 0.001), neurological comorbidities (P < 0.001) and psychiatric comorbidities (P = 0.025); more tremor progression (P < 0.001); and poorer response to medical treatment (P < 0.001) compared to ET patients. Regression analysis revealed that late-onset tremor (OR 11.02, 95% CI 2.79–43.53), neurological comorbidities (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.56–7.31), psychiatric comorbidities (OR 4.29, 95% CI 1.48–12.44), cranial tremors (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.02–4.30), and poor response to medical treatment (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.87–7.19) were associated with ET-plus diagnosis. ET and ET-plus differ in the age of onset, tremor distribution, comorbidities, treatment response rate, and progression. Identifying the ET phenotypes may increase the clinical value in therapeutic strategies and clinical research in the future.
Rapid and efficient testing of the toxicity of graphene-related materials in primary human lung cells
Authors: Frontiñan-Rubio Javier , González Viviana Jehová , Vázquez Ester , Durán-Prado Mario
Published: May 2022

Graphene and its derivative materials are manufactured by numerous companies and research laboratories, during which processes they can come into contact with their handlers' physiological barriers—for instance, their respiratory system. Despite their potential toxicity, these materials have even been used in face masks to prevent COVID-19 transmission. The increasingly widespread use of these materials requires the design and implementation of appropriate, versatile, and accurate toxicological screening methods to guarantee their safety. Murine models are adequate, though limited when exploring different doses and lengths of exposure—as this increases the number of animals required, contrary to the Three R's principle in animal experimentation. This article proposes an in vitro model using primary, non-transformed normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells as an alternative to the most widely used model to date, the human lung tumor cell line A549. The model has been tested with three graphene derivatives—graphene oxide (GO), few-layer graphene (FLG), and small FLG (sFLG). We observed a cytotoxic effect (necrosis and apoptosis) at early (6- and 24-h) exposures, which intensified after seven days of contact between cells and the graphene-related materials (GRMs)—with cell death reaching 90% after a 5 µg/mL dose. A549 cells are more resistant to necrosis and apoptosis, yielding values less than half of NHBE cells at low concentrations of GRMs (between 0.05 and 5 µg/mL). Indeed, GRM-induced cell death in NHBE cells is comparable to that induced by toxic compounds such as diesel exhaust particles on the same cell line. We propose NHBE as a suitable model to test GRM-induced toxicity, allowing refinement of the dose concentrations and exposure timings for better-designed in vivo mouse assays.
Molecular identification and wing variations among malaria vectors in Akure North Local Government Area, Nigeria
Authors: Akeju Adebayo Victor , Olusi Titus Adeniyi , Simon-Oke Iyabo Adepeju
Published: May 2022

Members of the Anopheles gambiae complex and Anophelesfunestus group are significant vectors of the malaria parasite Plasmodium species in the Afro-tropical region of the world. Molecular identification and variation in the wing were studied among female An.Gambiae complex and An. funestus group, to investigate morphological variations in the wing of local vectors populations of adult female mosquitoes found in five different locations in Akure North Local Government Area of Ondo State (Oba—Ile, Igoba, Isinigbo, Ita—Ogbolu and Iju). The variations in the wing character were found in the 3rd main dark spot area (Pre-apical dark spot—character 8) on the coastal region (Vein region I) of Anopheles gambiae complex wing; with two types (A and B) of wings identified with An. gambiae complex in the study area. Molecular study shows that all the wing type A are Anopheles gambiae s.s., they represent 53.39% of the total An. gambiae complex in the study area. Some of the Anopheles gambiae s.s. (28.30%) and all An. arabiensis (18.30%) were found with wing type B. Among 750 individual Anopheles mosquito species identified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR method), 433 samples representing 57.73% were An. gambiae s.s. while 97 (12.93%) samples were An. arabiensis. Anopheles leesoni was the only member of the An. funestus group identified in the study area. Anopheles leesoni mosquitoes identified in the study location were 182, representing 24.27% of the total Anopheles mosquito species identified using the molecular method. Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, and An. leesoni are only Anopheles mosquito species responsible for malaria transmission in the study area. Anopheles leesoni was the only member of the An. funestus group identified in the study area.
Algorithmic fairness in pandemic forecasting: lessons from COVID-19
Authors: Tsai Thomas C. , Arik Sercan , Jacobson Benjamin H. , Yoon Jinsung , Yoder Nate , Sava Dario , Mitchell Margaret , Graham Garth , Pfister Tomas
Published: May 2022

Racial and ethnic minorities have borne a particularly acute burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. There is a growing awareness from both researchers and public health leaders of the critical need to ensure fairness in forecast results. Without careful and deliberate bias mitigation, inequities embedded in data can be transferred to model predictions, perpetuating disparities, and exacerbating the disproportionate harms of the COVID-19 pandemic. These biases in data and forecasts can be viewed through both statistical and sociological lenses, and the challenges of both building hierarchical models with limited data availability and drawing on data that reflects structural inequities must be confronted. We present an outline of key modeling domains in which unfairness may be introduced and draw on our experience building and testing the Google-Harvard COVID-19 Public Forecasting model to illustrate these challenges and offer strategies to address them. While targeted toward pandemic forecasting, these domains of potentially biased modeling and concurrent approaches to pursuing fairness present important considerations for equitable machine-learning innovation.
An anti-diabetic drug targets NEET (CISD) proteins through destabilization of their [2Fe-2S] clusters
Authors: Marjault Henri-Baptiste , Karmi Ola , Zuo Ke , Michaeli Dorit , Eisenberg-Domovich Yael , Rossetti Giulia , de Chassey Benoit , Vonderscher Jacky , Cabantchik Ioav , Carloni Paolo , Mittler Ron , Livnah Oded , Meldrum Eric , Nechushtai Rachel
Published: May 2022

Elevated levels of mitochondrial iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompany the progression of diabetes, negatively impacting insulin production and secretion from pancreatic cells. In search for a tool to reduce mitochondrial iron and ROS levels, we arrived at a molecule that destabilizes the [2Fe-2S] clusters of NEET proteins (M1). Treatment of db/db diabetic mice with M1 improved hyperglycemia, without the weight gain observed with alternative treatments such as rosiglitazone. The molecular interactions of M1 with the NEET proteins mNT and NAF-1 were determined by X-crystallography. The possibility of controlling diabetes by molecules that destabilize the [2Fe–2S] clusters of NEET proteins, thereby reducing iron-mediated oxidative stress, opens a new route for managing metabolic aberration such as in diabetes.
The impact of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides on gut dysbiosis and inflammation in obesity and diabetes related kidney disease
Authors: Pengrattanachot Nattavadee , Thongnak Laongdao , Lungkaphin Anusorn
Published: May 2022

Mechanisms involved in obesity, diabetes and kidney dysfunction via exacerbation of inflammatory response and its association with gut dysbiosis, and role of FOS on improvement of gut dysbiosis and attenuation of inflammation in obesity and diabetes.
Design and synthesis of a push–pull arylene–vinylene terpyridyl conjugate: multifunctional behaviors exhibited by a single molecule
Authors: Sil Amit , Ghosh Utsav , Dolai Suman , Manna Soumitra , Maity Apurba , Patra Sanjib K.
Published: May 2022

All-round performance: a donor–π–acceptor type push–pull arylene–vinylene conjugated terpyridine showing multifunctional properties of solvatochromism, vapochromism, piezofluorochromism and remarkable fluorescence sensing properties.
Complete surface reconstruction of nanoporous gold during CH4 pyrolysis
Authors: Hou Xingang , Wang Kai , Ge Mengke , Xi Wei , Yuan Wenjuan , Shen Yongli
Published: May 2022

Nanoporous gold (NPG) is prepared with a complete regular surface that exposes the Au {111} and {100} facets through methane pyrolysis. C species significantly affect the migration and recombination of surface atoms.
Excellent upconversion luminescence and temperature sensing performance of CdMoO4:Er3+,Yb3+ phosphors
Authors: Ran Weiguang , Sun Guangshi , Ma Xiaoli , Zhang Zicheng , Yan Tingjiang
Published: May 2022

Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped CdMoO4 phosphors with high upconversion emission intensity and sensitive temperature sensing properties.
Strategies to activate inert nitrogen molecules for efficient ammonia electrosynthesis: current status, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Ren Yongwen , Yu Chang , Tan Xinyi , Wei Qianbing , Wang Zhao , Ni Lin , Wang Linshan , Qiu Jieshan
Published: May 2022

This review emphasizes the strategies to activate N2 molecules in view of microscopic electron effects, macroscopic external field effects, local microenvironment regulation, and characterization techniques.
Assessing potential profiles in water electrolysers to minimise titanium use
Authors: Becker Hans , Dickinson Edmund J. F. , Lu Xuekun , Bexell Ulf , Proch Sebastian , Moffatt Claire , Stenström Mikael , Smith Graham , Hinds Gareth
Published: May 2022

The corrosive zone at the anode of a proton exchange membrane water electrolyser extends only ∼200 μm into the porous transport layer under typical operating conditions, allowing replacement of platinum-coated titanium with much cheaper materials.
Cinnamaldehyde decreases the invasion and u-PA expression of osteosarcoma by down-regulating the FAK signalling pathway
Authors: Chu Shu-Chen , Hsieh Yih-Shou , Hsu Li-Sung , Lin Chin-Yin , Lai Yi-An , Chen Pei-Ni
Published: May 2022

Cinnamaldehyde reduced the u-PA activity and invasiveness of the osteosarcoma cells by targeting the FAK pathway and reducing the expression ofN-cadherin and fibronectin and suppressed the pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma in mice.
Voltage-tunable elastomer composites that use shape instabilities for rapid structural color changes
Authors: Xiao Ming , Mao Jie , Kollosche Matthias , Hwang Victoria , Clarke David R. , Manoharan Vinothan N.
Published: May 2022

Combining dielectric elastomers with photonic glasses enables homogeneous structural colors that can be rapidly tuned using voltage-triggered shape instabilities.
Solution NMR methods for structural and thermodynamic investigation of nanoparticle adsorption equilibria
Authors: An Yeongseo , Sedinkin Sergey L. , Venditti Vincenzo
Published: May 2022

Solution NMR methods provide structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic information on complex sorption equilibria involving multiple intermediates and adsorbed species.
A high-responsivity CsPbBr3 nanowire photodetector induced by CdS@CdxZn1−xS gradient-alloyed quantum dots
Authors: Wei Ying , Liu Xiao , Miao Yu , Liu Yuxin , Wang Chuanglei , Ying Xiangjing , Zhang Gaotian , Gu Huaimin , Zhang Menglong , Chen Hongyu
Published: May 2022

We have developed a novel QD/CsPbBr3 nanowire (NW) hybrid structure photodetector. The responsivity of the CsPbBr3 NW photodetector has been significantly improved via integrating gradient-alloyed QDs with CsPbBr3 NW as a photoactive layer.
Deciphering pathological remodelling of the human cartilage extracellular matrix in osteoarthritis at the supramolecular level
Authors: Jaabar Ilhem Lilia , Cornette Pauline , Miche Antoine , Wanherdrick Kristell , Dupres Vincent , Ehkirch François-Paul , Cambon Binder Adeline , Berenbaum Francis , Houard Xavier , Landoulsi Jessem
Published: May 2022

Osteoarthritis induces a combination of chemical, structural and nanomechanical changes to collagen fibrils and aggrecan aggregates, the main building blocks of cartilage ECM, that may be mimicked by specific enzymatic reactions.
Nickel-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] benzannulation of alkynes: a new route to the synthesis of highly substituted naphthalenes
Authors: Thavaselvan Sampath , Parthasarathy Kanniyappan
Published: May 2022

The Ni(ii)-catalyzed aromatic homologation of various directing groups with alkynes to afford highly substituted naphthalene products via C–X bond cleavage followed by alkyne insertion and C–H activation is described.
Quinoline alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activity from Zanthoxylum avicennae
Authors: Ji Kai-Long , Liu Wei , Yin Wei-Hang , Li Jing-Ya , Yue Jian-Min
Published: May 2022

Ten quinoline alkaloids from Zanthoxylum avicennae, of which 1 possesses an unusual structure and 6 exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in macrophages.
Base-promoted direct E-selective olefination of organoammonium salts with sulfones toward stilbenes and conjugated 1,3-dienes
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Runji , Chen Jiani , Liu Long , Huang Tianzeng , Li Chunya , Tang Zhi , Chen Tieqiao
Published: May 2022

A base-promoted direct deaminative olefination of organoammonium salts was developed.
Structure and morphology of isotactic polypropylene–polyethylene block copolymers prepared with living and stereoselective catalyst
Authors: Di Girolamo Rocco , Santillo Chiara , Malafronte Anna , Scoti Miriam , De Stefano Fabio , Talarico Giovanni , Coates Geoffrey W. , De Rosa Claudio
Published: May 2022

Isotactic polypropylene–polyethylene block copolymers prepared with living and stereoselective catalyst allow linking incompatible crystalline polymers giving a lamellar morphology defined by competition between phase separation and crystallization.
Preferred coordination of polymers at MOFs enables improved lithium-ion battery anode performance
Authors: Idrees Muhammad , Batool Saima , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Ud Din Muhammad Aizaz , Imran Muhammad , Chen Zhangwei
Published: May 2022

A rationally designed hybrid multifunctional ZnO–C@SiOC nanocomposite derived from ZIF-8 coordinated linear chain of organosilicon polymer exhibits superior electrochemical storage performance as anode for lithium ion batteries.
Rhodium(i)-catalyzed C–S bond formation via enantioselective carbenoid S–H insertion: catalytic asymmetric synthesis of α-thioesters
Authors: Sun Yu-Tuo , Rao Xiaofeng , Xu Weici , Xu Ming-Hua
Published: May 2022

The first rhodium(i)-catalyzed asymmetric S–H insertion of α-diazoarylacetates with tert-butyl mercaptan using chiral diene as the ligand has been developed.
Tuning the affinity of amphiphilic guest molecules in a supramolecular polymer transient network
Authors: Schotman Maaike J. G. , Fransen Peter-Paul , Song Jiankang , Dankers Patricia Y. W.
Published: May 2022

Dynamicity plays a central role in biological systems, which can be mimicked by tuning dynamicity in hydrogel networks.
Reactions of [60]fullerene with alkynes promoted by OH−
Authors: Chang Wei-Wei , He Fa-Hui , García-Peñas Alberto , Shekh Mehdihasan I. , Li Zong-Jun
Published: May 2022

In the current work, the reactions of [60]fullerene with alkynes promoted by OH− (base) are addressed. The treatment of C60 with alkynes in the presence of TBAOH produces alkynylation products (R-C60–H) with high selectivity in o-DCB at 100 °C.
Highly dispersed ruthenium nanoparticles on nitrogen doped carbon toward efficient hydrogen evolution in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes
Authors: Li Gen , Gao Rui , Qiu Zhongyu , Liu Wei , Song Yujiang
Published: May 2022

Ultrafine ruthenium nanoparticles on nitrogen doped carbon show exceptional activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline and acidic electrolytes.
Design and synthesis of TiO2/C nanosheets with a directional cascade carrier transfer
Authors: Wu Si-Ming , Wang Yi-Tian , Xiao Shi-Tian , Zhang Yan-Xiang , Tian Ge , Chen Jiang-Bo , Zhao Xiao-Fang , Janiak Christoph , Shalom Menny , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Wang Li-Ying , Yang Xiao-Yu
Published: May 2022

Directional charge transfer in TiO2 nanosheets is achieved by design of TiO2 lattice-Ti vacancy-interlayered sp2 carbon at the interface.
Hetero-perovskite engineering for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Cheng Xiaohua , Han Ying , Cui Bin-Bin
Published: May 2022

This review summarizes and discusses the HPSC engineering and optimization mechanism, and provides systematic knowledge and prospects of their development in the photovoltaic field.
The fluctuation-driven dielectric properties of liquid crystalline 8OCB and its nanocolloids
Authors: Łoś Joanna , Drozd-Rzoska Aleksandra , Rzoska Sylwester J. , Starzonek Szymon , Czupryński Krzysztof
Published: May 2022

Results of broadband dielectric spectroscopy studies in liquid crystalline octyloxycyanobiphenyl (8OCB) and its colloids with BaTiO3 nanoparticles (paraelectric, diameter d = 50 nm) are presented.
Active depletion torque between two passive rods
Authors: Li Longfei , Liu Peng , Chen Ke , Zheng Ning , Yang Mingcheng
Published: May 2022

Active depletion torque experienced by two anisotropic objects in an active bath is studied by performing Brownian dynamics simulations.
Dual stimuli-responsive porous ionic liquids with reversible phase transition behavior based on ionic liquid crystals for CO2 and C2H4 adsorption
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Wang Dechao , He Zhongjie , Su Fangfang , Zhang Jing , Wang Yudeng , Xin Yangyang , Wang Hongni , Yao Dongdong , Li Mingtao , Zheng Yaping
Published: May 2022

SRPILs is initially proposed to upgrade the liquids adsorption technology. Tailoring the phase state of SRPILs depending on requirements can simultaneously alleviate liquids states and solids states limitations, maximizing PLs applications.
Hydrogels for underwater adhesion: adhesion mechanism, design strategies and applications
Authors: Ma Xintao , Zhou Xun , Ding Junjie , Huang Bin , Wang Puying , Zhao Yi , Mu Qiyu , Zhang Shaohua , Ren Chunguang , Xu Wenlong
Published: May 2022

This review summarizes the adhesion mechanism and design strategies of underwater adhesion hydrogels, and generalizes their underwater application fields (adhesives, motion monitoring, marine environmental exploration and coatings).
Phase transition of metal–organic frameworks for the encapsulation of enzymes
Authors: Ren Zhen , Zhou Weiqiang , Weng Jiena , Qin Ziyue , Liu Liwei , Ji Ning , Chen Cheng , Shi Haohao , Shi Wenxiong , Zhang Xinglong , Khalil Islam E. , Zheng Bing , Wu Jiansheng , Zhang Weina , Huo Fengwei
Published: May 2022

Enzyme/MOF composites with high activity and stability were synthesized via the pressure-induced-stimulated-aging (PISA) strategy.
Gram-selective antibacterial activity of mixed-charge 2D-MoS2
Authors: Sahoo Jagabandhu , De Mrinmoy
Published: May 2022

The development of nanomaterial based Gram-selective antibiotic.
Effect of spatial folding of molecules on two-photon absorption and nonlinear refraction in foldamers
Authors: Roy Samrat , Nandi Sujay Kumar , Haldar Debasish , Pal Bipul
Published: May 2022

The role of spatial folding of molecules on their nonlinear optical properties such as two-photon absorption and self-focusing due to nonlinear refraction has been studied experimentally on a newly designed foldamer having a D–π–A–π–D structure.
Comparison of Involuntary and Volitional Responses to Pitch-Shifted Auditory Feedback: Evidence for Tone Speakers' Flexibility to Switch Between Opposing and Following Responses
Authors: Ning Li-Hsin
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Our audio–vocal system involves a negative feedback system that functions to correct for fundamental frequency (
f
0
) errors in production. Therefore, automatic and opposing responses appear when an unexpected change in voice pitch is present in auditory feedback. This study explores following responses to pitch perturbation in auditory feedback in tonal language speakers, which have been commonly overlooked or discarded by past research. We examine whether the number of response types (opposing vs. following) and their dynamic
f
0
contours in tone word production vary as a function of instruction (involuntary [“to ignore”] vs. volitional [“to compensate”]).

Method:

Twenty-four native speakers of Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM) produced three disyllabic TSM words while receiving pitch perturbation through headphones. The three disyllabic words were

tsau
55
-im
55

(“out of tune”; HH),

kau
33
-uann
33

(“exchange”; MM), and

pan
11
-an
11

(“handle a case”; LL) that carry an identical high-, mid-, or low-level tone. The participants were instructed either “to ignore” or “to compensate” for the pitch shifts.

Results:

Results from a Bayesian Poisson regression show that the number of opposing and following responses were split nearly 50–50 for the “ignore” condition and 55%–35% for the “compensate” condition. The simulation results indicate that the speakers were able to switch between the feedback and the feedforward mode during the testing. On the other hand,
f
0
contour analyses using generalized additive models show that pitch-increasing responses (i.e., oppose to downshifts or follow upshifts) were significantly larger than pitch-decreasing responses (i.e., oppose to upshifts or follow downshifts) for the MM and LL words, but not for the HH word.

Conclusions:

Our results provide support for the view that, for tone speakers, following responses are not uncommon. The magnitudes of pitch shift response trajectories have to do with the available pitch range for moving up or down in tone word production.
Data‐driven lumped dynamic modelling of wind farm frequency regulation characteristics
Authors: Li Shaolin , Lu Jianmou , Qin Shiyao , Hu Yang , Fang Fang
Published: May 2022

High proportion of wind power in the power grid leads to the problem of power system frequency instability, which requires the wind farm itself to have the ability of frequency adjustment; therefore, it is particularly important to conduct modelling of wind farm frequency regulation (WFFR) response characteristics. During the modelling process, it is generally necessary to establish a model for each working condition separately, which will bring huge workload. In addition, the accuracy of the model decreases when the frequency response is non‐linear. Therefore, this paper investigates the modelling of WFFR response characteristics in different working conditions. A data preprocessing method based on WFFR strategy and modelling methods is introduced. Then, data‐based transfer function models of WFFR response characteristics for different working conditions are constructed. After that, the gaps between different models are measured using a gap metric technique to analyse dynamic similarity between models. Finally, in order to make up for the defect of transfer function models, a non‐linear autoregressive with exogenous input neural networks (NARXNN) model of WFFR response characteristics is constructed utilising lumped data of all working conditions; then, the trained model is tested by the data of each working condition to verify the accuracy and universality.
Partial discharge characteristics of free moving metal particles in gas insulated systems under DC and AC voltages
Authors: Sun Jixing , Wu Nana , Fan Yongzhi , Lei Dong , Yang Sile , Guo Xugang , Wang Huili , Song Sibo
Published: May 2022

Free conductive particles in a gas‐insulated metal‐enclosed system produce partial discharges during movement, resulting in insulator flashover and insulation failures. This study focuses on the partial discharge property of free conductive particles under DC and AC voltages. The relationship between the micro‐discharge property and the intrinsic properties of the particles was obtained based on experimental tests. The results show that under DC conditions, the local discharge property varies linearly with particle size and density. The discharge probability of particles in SF6 is significantly reduced compared with that in air, while the discharge magnitude rapidly increases if the lift voltage exceeds a certain value. Under AC conditions, the partial discharge generated by the particle becomes less random, and the amplitude and phase angle of the discharge are not significantly related. As the size of the electrode decreases, the partial discharge current generated by the particles on the surface of the electrode with an uneven electric field increases significantly. This research provides a basis for the optimization of withstand voltage test method and its applications.
A risk‐based resilient distribution system planning model against extreme weather events
Authors: Zare‐Bahramabadi Majid , Ehsan Mehdi , Farzin Hossein
Published: May 2022

Due to the accelerated climate change, it is anticipated that the number and severity of natural disasters such as hurricanes, blizzards, and floods will be increased in the coming years. In this regard, this paper presents a distribution system planning model to improve the system resilience against hurricane. A scenario‐based mathematical model is proposed to capture the random nature of weather events. Moreover, a stochastic optimization model is developed to simultaneously harden the distribution lines and place different types of distributed generation (DG) units such as microturbines (MTs), wind turbines (WTs), and photovoltaic cells (PVs). The conditional value at risk (CVaR) is used as a risk index to manage the system risk against different failure scenarios. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model that can be solved by various commercial solvers. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, it is implemented on the IEEE 33 bus system, and various case studies are defined. The results show the effectiveness of our mathematical model in improving the distribution system resiliency and managing the system risk.
Underwater passive manoeuvring target tracking with isogradient sound speed profile
Authors: Su Jun , Li Yaan , Ali Wasiq
Published: May 2022

Compared with the traditional tracking problem, the underwater 3‐D passive manoeuvring target tracking faces the following challenging problems: (1) Since the signal propagation delay is varying and unknown, the relationship between the two adjacent target states is hard to describe; (2) limited by the underwater environment, it is more difficult to establish a target manoeuvring motion model; (3) the propagation speed of the underwater acoustic signal varies with the depth, and the propagation path will be curved instead of straight. Various parameters including signal propagation delay, target pitch angle and receiving frequency measured by the observer cannot be calculated as usual. In this paper, we improved a 3‐D constant turn (3D‐CT) model to match the underwater target motion. For the problems (1) and (3), this paper proposes a novel interacting multiple model underwater Gauss‐Helmert unscented Kalman filter (IMM‐UGHUKF) with isogradient sound velocity profile, which analytically describes the relationship between the state to be estimated and the passive measurement. This method augments the unknown signal emission time into the state with implicit equations, and transits the state by the Gauss–Helmert model. Simulation tests have been carried out, and the results show that IMM‐UGHUKF can significantly reduce the estimation error compared with other approaches.
A study of natural frequencies in a dynamic corona – disk system
Authors: Mastichiadis A. , Petropoulou M. , Kylafis N. D.
Published: May 2022

Context. Black-hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) in the hard and hard-intermediate spectral (and temporal) states exhibit in their power spectra characteristic frequencies called type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). Various models that can explain them with various degrees of success have been proposed, but a definitive answer is still missing.

Aims. The hot Comptonizing corona interacting with the cold accretion disk, both of which are central in understanding BHXRBs, is essentially a dynamical system. Our aim is to investigate if the radiative coupling between the two components can produce QPOs.

Methods. We write and solve the time-dependent equations that describe energy conservation in the system corona – accretion disk. We examine both constant and variable mass accretion rates. By necessity, in this first investigation we use a simple model, but it contains all the essential ingredients.

Results. For a constant mass accretion rate and certain justifiable conditions, the dynamic corona – disk system exhibits oscillations, which die out after a few cycles. The characteristic frequencies of these oscillations are similar to the ones observed in the power spectra of BHXRBs. For most parameters, the natural frequencies persist even in the case of variable accretion rates.

Conclusions. We argue that type-C QPOs in BHXRBs could, in principle, arise from the interaction of the hot Comptonizing corona with the much colder accretion disk. If this picture is correct, it has immediate implications for other systems that contain the above constituents, such as active galactic nuclei.
Influence of design properties of printed electronics on their environmental profile
Authors: Prenzel Tobias M. , Gehring Florian , Fuhs Franziska , Albrecht Stefan
Published: May 2022

In the context of an Internet of things (IoT) vision, printed and embedded electronics have gained serious momentum over recent years. Large leaps in innovation promote the applicability of the technology and help reduce device cost significantly. Additionally, printed electronics are often perceived as a green technology with high potential of replacing established subtractive manufacturing methods and act as an enabler in many areas of society. However, their environmental impacts are still rarely investigated thoroughly. Device development for printed electronics typically starts with the definition of functionalities rather than exact knowledge about components and materials, making an integrated early-stage life cycle assessment (LCA) of the devices challenging due to the typically large amount of possible technical solutions for each use case. This contribution fundamentally supports the idea that getting involved with environmental considerations as early as possible in the development is pivotal in avoiding sustainability pitfalls from the start. Consequently, several LCA studies are summarised focusing on three different sustainability scopes: material, production and device, as well as use-phase and end-of-life. The work aims to provide an overview over the sustainability potentials and risks of the production processes of printed electronics from flexible substrates and conductive inks based on micro- and nano-sized particles. Different filler materials for the inks are considered, as their impact heavily influences the overall device impacts. In conclusion, recommendations for further work in the field are derived, summarising potentials of printed electronics, while equally considering remaining challenges. Thus, the conducted work contributes to a better understanding of environmental impacts in the development of printed electronics and helps applying the findings already at the very first development stages.
Sehnenpathologien im Bereich des Fußes – Inflammation
versus Degeneration: wo liegen die Unterschiede?
Authors: Arnold Ingo
Published: May 2022

Die Ursachen für Tendopathien bzw. Tenosynovialitiden sind mannigfaltig.
Stoffwechsel und Genaktivität der Bindegewebszellen im Sehnengewebe
reagieren sehr empfindlich auf mechanische Beanspruchung und aber auch
entzündliche Reize im Hinblick auf die Integrität der
extrazellulären Matrix. Hierin unterscheiden sich entzündliche
und degenerative Sehnenerkrankungen nicht. Die verbesserten
medikamentösen Möglichkeiten einer nachhaltigen
Entzündungskontrolle erlaubt es dem Rheumaorthopäden auch
häufiger sich an den fusschirurgischen Prinzipien eines Gelenkerhaltes
orientieren zu können. Weiterhin erfordert jedoch die mit chronisch
degenerativen Prozeßen nicht vergleichbare
Entzündungsintensität einen ausreichenden Erfahrungsschatz im
peri- und intraoperativen Umganges mit den RA, SpA und PsA Patienten.
A review of the internationalization of state-owned firms and sovereign wealth funds: Governments’ nonbusiness objectives and discreet power
Authors: Cuervo-Cazurra Alvaro , Grosman Anna , Megginson William L.
Published: May 2022

We review and bridge the literature on the internationalization of state-owned firms and sovereign wealth funds to provide a novel understanding of how government ownership affects foreign investments in three ways. First, we explain how state-owned firms and funds behave differently from private ones because they need to balance governments’ nonbusiness objectives and firms’ business goals. This results in competing predictions on whether government ownership helps or hinders internationalization due to particular nonbusiness objectives. Second, building on the review, we provide suggestions on how to extend research topics and theories of the firm by incorporating these nonbusiness objectives in the internationalization decisions in four areas: home government’s endowments, characteristics, and attitudes; host-country expansion’s support, influence, and impact; home- and host-country relationship conflicts, mediation, and disguising; and management’s orientation, opacity, and arbitrage. Third, we capture how governments may use state-owned multinationals and sovereign wealth funds to nudge host-country governments by introducing the concept of discreet power and the use of four strategies (recognition, values, development, and supremacy) to achieve it. This helps to outline the beginning of a unified approach to how governments use their foreign investments to achieve nonbusiness goals.