bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Applications of the (TMS)3SiH Radical-Based Reagent
Authors: Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Lalevée Jacques
Published: January 2012

This review article focuses on the recent applications of tris(trimethylsilyl)silane as a radical-based reagent in organic chemistry. Numerous examples of the successful use of (TMS)3SiH in radical reductions, hydrosilylation and consecutive radical reactions are given. The use of (TMS)3SiH allows reactions to be carried out under mild conditions with excellent yields of products and remarkable chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. The strategic role of (TMS)3SiH in polymerization is underlined with emphasis on the photo-induced radical polymerization of olefins and photo-promoted cationic polymerization of epoxides.
Synthesis and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Prenylated Phenol Derivatives
Authors: Osorio Mauricio , Aravena Jacqueline , Vergara Alejandra , Taborga Lautaro , Baeza Evelyn , Catalán Karen , González Cesar , Carvajal Marcela , Carrasco Héctor , Espinoza Luis
Published: January 2012

The synthesis of twenty six prenylated phenols derivatives is reported. These compounds were obtained under mild conditions via Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) coupling reactions between phenol derivatives containing electron-donor subtituents and 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol using BF3×OEt2. Dialkylations were also produced with this method. The formation of a chroman ring by intramolecular cyclization between a sp2 carbon from the prenyl group with the hydroxyl substituent in the ortho position occurred with some phenols. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated as antioxidants according to a DPPH radical scavenging activity assay. IC50 values of five synthesized compounds indicated they were as good antioxidants as Trolox™.
The Role of Humoral Innate Immunity in Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Tarr Alexander W. , Urbanowicz Richard A. , Ball Jonathan K.
Published: January 2012

Infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) causes chronic disease in approximately 80% of cases, resulting in chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. Current treatments are not completely effective, and a vaccine has yet to be developed. Spontaneous resolution of infection is associated with effective host adaptive immunity to HCV, including production of both HCV-specific T cells and neutralizing antibodies. However, the supporting role of soluble innate factors in protection against HCV is less well understood. The innate immune system provides an immediate line of defense against infections, triggering inflammation and playing a critical role in activating adaptive immunity. Innate immunity comprises both cellular and humoral components, the humoral arm consisting of pattern recognition molecules such as complement C1q, collectins and ficolins. These molecules activate the complement cascade, neutralize pathogens, and recruit antigen presenting cells. Here we review the current understanding of anti-viral components of the humoral innate immune system that play a similar role to antibodies, describing their role in immunity to HCV and their potential contribution to HCV pathogenesis.
Sealing Teeth Effects on Natural Frequencies of a Short Cylindrical Shell
Authors: Wang Yu , Duan Hai Yang , Qin Gao Ming , Luo Zhong , Han Qing Kai
Published: January 2012

Natural frequencies are calculated for a short cylindrical shell based on semi-analytical method of transfer matrix, especially considering the structural effects of sealing teeth. The thin wall shell with some sealing teeth can be divided into finite segments where the diameters are different. According to the theory of the state vector expression of a structure cross-section, a first-order ordinary differential equation referring to state vectors of continuous segment sections of a short cylindrical shell is established based on governing equations of thin cylindrical shell. Then a total transfer matrix of the shell with sealing teeth is obtained after producing all the transfer matrices of all the segments. The boundary conditions investigated in the study are free-free, free-clamped and clamped-clamped of the two ends of the shell. The natural frequencies can be solved by precise integration of the differential equation of the whole shell with divided segments. The obtained numerical examples show that the sealing teeth have influence on the frequency values of higher circumferential modes, and they also have influence on the natural frequencies in different boundary conditions. The results by the proposed method are also compared with those of finite element method.
Kinematic Analysis on Materials on Counter Flow Screen and Selection of Dynamic Parameters of Machine
Authors: Jiang Jing , Han Qing Kai , Xie Yuan Hua , Han Jin , Liu Shu Ying
Published: January 2012

The paper presents the structural characteristics of counter flow screen. Pieces of plastic film and sandstones with different friction factors and elasticity coefficients are chosen as the research objects. The motion state and the sorting mechanism of materials in the sorting process are studied. According to the motion analysis on pieces of plastic film and sandstones on counter flow screen, it can be concluded that the materials with different friction factors and elasticity coefficients can all be sorted by counter flow screen. The more difference they have in friction factors and elasticity coefficients, the better sorting performance can be achieved. The selection and computation on the dynamical parameters of counter flow screen is carried out, which provides the theory evidence for the design of new friction sorting equipment and opens up new prospects for the application of counter flow screen.
Combinatorial Synthesis and Evaluation of Vanadium Oxide Films
Authors: Wang Qun Jiao
Published: January 2012

Combinatorial technology is a powerful tool for new material exploration. La1-xCaxVO3composition-spread films were fabricated by combinatorial pulsed laser deposition and their thermoelectric properties were evaluated paralelly by the multi-channel thermoelectric measurement system. Concurrent X-ray analysis verified the formation of solid soluted films in the full composition range (0≤x≤1) as judged from the linear variation of the lattice constants. Growth conditions of LaVO3films were optimized. Good crystallinity of LaVO3film was obtained at 800°C, and the power factor of 0.6 µW/cm K2was achieved. The effects of oxygen content and the substitutions of Ca and Ce ions on TE properties of were also analysed respectively. Large TE properties in vanadium oxide system can be expected with the change of vanadium ion valence from 3+ to 2+. In La1-xCexVO3(0≤x≤1) system, Ce ion takes 3+ although Ce4+is stable in theory.
Adaptive State Feedback Control of Electromagnetic Levitation System for Uncertain Ball Mass
Authors: Park Gyu Man , Hwang Won Jae , Choi Ho Lim
Published: January 2012

For the last several decades, many results have been presented for controlling nonlinear systems that have parameter uncertainty. In this paper, we propose an adaptive state feedback controller based on input-output feedback linearization for electromagnetic levitation system(EMS) with unknown ball mass. We analytically show the regulation of the controlled electromagnetic levitation system by the proposed adaptive state feedback controller. We show the experiment results of electromagnetic levitation system and where there is uncertain ball mass.
Position Control of Ultrasonic Motor Using IMC-PID Combined with Tribes Type NN Algorithm
Authors: Mu Sheng Lin , Tanaka Kanya
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we propose a novel scheme of IMC-PID control combined with a tribes type neural network (NN) for the position control of ultrasonic motor (USM). In this method, the NN controller is employed for tuning the parameter in IMC-PID control. The weights of NN are designed to be updated by the tribes-particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. This method makes it possible to compensate for the characteristic changes and nonlinearity of USM. The parameter-free tribes-PSO requires no information about the USM beforehand; hence its application overcomes the problem of Jacobian estimation in the conventional back propagation (BP) method of NN. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments.
Speech Endpoint Detection in Noisy Environment Based on the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Li Jing Jiao , An Dong , Wang Jiao , Rong Chao Qun
Published: January 2012

Speech endpoint detection is one of the key problems in the practical application of speech recognition system. In this paper, speech signal contained chirp is decomposed into several intrinsic mode function (IMF) with the method of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). At the same time, it eliminates the modal mix superposition phenomenon which usually comes out in processing speech signal with the algorithm of empirical mode decomposition (EMD). After that, selects IMFs contained major noise through the adaptive algorithm. Finally, the IMFs and speech signal contained chirp are input into the independent component analysis (ICA) and pure voice signal is separated out. The accuracy of speech endpoint detection can be improved in this way. The result shows that the new speech endpoint detection method proposed above is effective, and has strong anti-noises ability, especially suitable for the speech endpoint detection in low SNR.
Research on 760mm Hot Tandem Mill Hydraulic AGC Control System
Authors: Tong Kun , Ke Ni , Che Ming Zhe , Song Jin Сhun
Published: January 2012

Through analyzing the 760mm hydraulic AGC production line of a Shandong factory, the characteristics, compositions and the mathematical model of hydraulic system of the hydraulic AGC are introduced. Based on those the system performance is analyzed on the working conditions by simulations through introducing the PID and fuzzy PID controller. The simulation analysis concluded that the system response time and overshoots with the fuzzy PID controller were better than before, which is in flavor of the production line commissioning and eventually running. The performance of AGC system affects the controlling accuracy of sheet thickness and yield of sheet directly. In order to accommodate the requirement of market and improve the competition of product, a steel plant from Shandong province entrusts relevant department to develop a set of hydraulic system, which is being debugged at present. Our paper mainly introduces the structure and feature of the system. With the mathematical model that accord with the working conditions being founded and PID and fuzzy PID based on the mathematical model being added, We have simulated the system using the software of MATLAB/SIMULINK, which supplies corresponding theoretical basis for the system’s final operation [1].
Feature Extraction of Early AE Signal Based on the Lifting Wavelet and Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Li Xue Jun , Deng Zong Qun , Jiang Ling Li , He Kuan Fang
Published: January 2012

To solve the problem of difficult to extract fault features from the early weak AE signal, a method combining lifting wavelet with EMD is proposed. Firstly, the lifting wavelet is used to de-noise the AE signal, then the signal after de-noising is decomposed by EMD, and gets all kinds of different frequency IMFS. Finally, the most relevant IMF with the original signal depends on the size of the correlation coefficients, and the fault characteristic signal is extracted via combining time- frequency analysis and envelope spectrum analysis. The result of simulation and test signal shows that this method can effectively extracts the failure characteristics from early AE signal.
Study on EEG Feature Extraction under LED Color Exposure to Enhance the Concentration
Authors: Lim Jung Eun , Seo Bo Hyeok , Kim Sun Hyun , Chun Soon Yong
Published: January 2012

Since brain waves are expressed in a variety of frequency domains, they were used to analyze a correlation between colors and concentration. In this study, the brain wave reacting when exposed to colors was defined as a color brain wave (CBW). Also the colors on the table were changed during task performance to see colors’ influence on improving concentration and then the brave waves were measured for analysis on and comparison with the findings from the task performance. Based on the biometric data experiment conducted, it was confirmed that the findings during the task performance and those from EEG signals have a correlation and that human’s concentration is thus affected by changes of colors.
Design of Cross-Country Robot Control System Based on Wireless Communication Module
Authors: Yan Shi Yu , Liu Chong , Li Yun Gong , Wang Hong
Published: January 2012

This paper describes the design of the cross-country robot’s control system. It mainly includes two parts, one is the software and hardware system for the lower computer, the other is the man-machine interface for the upper computer. The core of the hardware system is MCU; it controls double relays to drive the motor’s positive and negative rotations, and accordingly carries out the cross-country robot’s forward, backward and other functions. On the other hand, the upper computer uses VB to program and it uses a component named MScomm to communicate with the lower MCU via wireless COM. The double relays’ controlling motor is this paper’s innovation point.
Lowering Objects with a Power Assist Robot: The Preliminary Study
Authors: Rahman S.M. Mizanoor , Ikeura Ryojun , Hayakawa Soichiro , Yu Hao Yong
Published: January 2012

We developed a 1-DOF power assist robot to lower objects from higher position to lower position. Subjects lowered objects of different sizes with the robot and we analyzed heaviness perception, load force, motions (displacement, velocity, acceleration) etc. We determined a psychophysical relationship between actual heaviness and perceived heaviness for objects lowered with the robot system. We tried to identify some control parameters from the analytical results, and proposed them to be used to determine and develop an appropriate control scheme for power assist robots for lowering heavy objects in various industries. This paper reports the preliminary study results on this issue.
The Research of the NURBS Curve Interpolation Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Wen Jie
Published: January 2012

In this article, the definition, the nature and the parameter of the NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-spline) curves are defined, the more thorough analysis and research of the real-time NURBS curve interpolation algorithm and the feed rate adaptive control are carried out.
Simulation of NURBS Curve Interpolation Algorithm and Five S-Phased Acceleration and Deceleration Control Algorithm
Authors: Wang Geng Zhu
Published: January 2012

The computer simulation method is used to test the correctness of the NURBS curve interpolation algorithm, through the comparison of the five S-phased curve acceleration and deceleration control method and the line acceleration and deceleration control method, to validate the superiority of the five S-phased curve acceleration and deceleration control method.
Nonlinear Frequencies for Transverse Free Oscillations of a Transporting Tensioned Beam
Authors: Ding Hu , Chen Li Qun , Jiang Hai Yan
Published: January 2012

This study focuses on the natural frequencies of nonlinear free transverse oscillations of transporting tensioned beams via the standard fast Fourier transform (FFT). The transverse oscillations of transporting tensioned beams can be governed by a nonlinear partial-differential equation or a nonlinear integro-partial-differential equation. Numerical schemes are respectively presented for the two governing equations via the differential quadrature method. For each nonlinear equation, the nonlinear oscillations frequencies are investigated via FFT with the time responses histories. The numerical results depict the tendencies of the frequencies of nonlinear free transverse oscillations of transporting tensioned beams with the changing oscillations amplitude, transporting speed, the nonlinear coefficient and the flexural stiffness.
Fluid-Structure Interaction Vibration of Hydraulic Pipe System
Authors: Lin Jun Zhe , Qin Lei , Zhou En Tao , Wen Bang Chun
Published: January 2012

Based on Newton method, the nonlinear differential equation of FSI vibration of hydraulic pipe on aero-engine has been established. The equation include visco-elastic coefficient, and the dimensionless equation was got. The influence of mass ratio, velocity of fluid and axial force on natural frequency of the pipe was researched by analyzing the FSI vibration equation of the pipe. The influence of fluid pressure on natural frequency was verified by experiment. And vibration response of the pipe was obtained by experiment at different driving frequency. The conclusion of the experiment was consistent with the result of the theory.
Investigation into Noise Frequency Spectrum Characteristics Corresponding to Blade Nonsynchronous Vibration in Multi-Stage Axial Compressor
Authors: Sha Yun Dong , Zhao Feng Tong , Han Jia
Published: January 2012

Unsteady flow phenomenon occurs in a multi-stage axial compressor. The unsteady flow not only has significant influence on the performance of compressor and the stability of flow, but also can be an excitation source inducing Nonsynchronous vibration (NSV) of rotor blade. NSV is an aeroelastic phenomenon where the rotor blades vibrate at nonintegral multiples of the shaft rotational frequencies in operating regimes where classical ﬂutter is not known to occur. Recently, more and more scholars pay attention to Rotating instabilities (RIs) as one of the unsteady flow phenomenon. RIs have been observed in axial ﬂow fans and centrifugal compressors as well as in low-speed and high-speed axial compressors. They are responsible for the excitation of high amplitude rotor blade vibrations and noise generation. This research aims at revealing the relationships among the unsteady flow behaviors, characteristics of inner sound field and propagation, the vibration of rotor blade in multi-stage axial compressor. The noise in compressor and the vibration of rotor blade have been measured on a high pressure compressor rig testing. The transducer system is connected to the interior casing wall through the acoustic waveguide pipes. The noise is measured by 1/4 inch condenser microphones in different operating of the compressor. The time-domain wave of noise acquired at different work status of the compressor is transformed into frequency spectrum by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to investigate characteristics of sound field in multi-stage axial compressor. And the emphasis is focused on the frequency characteristics of the noise corresponding to blade nonsynchronous vibration. It is found that the vibration amplitude of the rotor blade suddenly increases in a pre-arranged structure adjustment and specific rotating speed, and noise signal with special frequency structures appears simultaneously. High amplitude levels of blade vibration have occurred on the first rotor of a multi-stage high pressure compressor. The frequencies are not in resonance with harmonics of the rotor speed. The frequency analysis show that the noise has a special frequency structures with combination of the appeared characteristic frequency and the blade pass frequency of rotor blade (BPF). Because the similarities between the frequency combination and the specific frequency structure of the fluctuating pressure when the rotating instability (RI) appears in the axial compressor have been identified, the acting mechanism of rotating instability may exist in this compressor, i.e. the vibrational excitation to the rotor blade may be aerodynamically caused and associated with a rotating flow instability in the compressor.
Development of a Neural Network Based Q Learning Algorithm for Traffic Signal Control
Authors: Fu Li Bi , Chong Kil To
Published: January 2012

As one kind of reinforcement learning method, Q learning algorithm has already been proved to achieve many significant results in traffic signal control area. However, when the state of Markov Decision Process is very big or continuous, the computation load and the memory load will become very big and can not be solved then. Therefore, this paper proposed a neural network based Q learning algorithm to solve this problem known as “Curse of Dimensionality”. This new method realized generalization of conventional Q learnig algorithm in huge and continuous state space as neural network is a very effective value function approximator. Experiment has been implemented upon an isolated intersection and simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the traffic efficiency significantly than the conventional Q learning algorithm.
Symmetric Deflection of CFRP-Based Polymeric Laminate
Authors: Lin Wen Yi , Sasaki Minoru , Tamagawa Hirohisa
Published: January 2012

Unlike well-investigated polymer-based soft actuators such as gel, Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite, conducting polymer, a CFRP-based polymeric laminate possesses quite distinguished properties. It was previously reported that a CFRP-PVC laminate exhibited two-way deflection in accordance with environmental temperature, but it was asymmetric deflection due to the asymmetric laminate structure. In this study, we successfully fabricated a new CFRP-based polymeric laminate which can exhibit symmetric deflection. Despite such a successful outcome, there was large room to improve the degree of its deflection. Improvement of temperature control method for the newly fabricated CFRP-based polymeric laminate resulted in enhancement of the degree of its deflection.
Study and Practice on the Performance of Soundproofing for Office Building Wall
Authors: Cao Ping , Xia Wei Hong , Liu Chao Nan
Published: January 2012

Recently, the light materials have been applied in order to reduce the cost of construction. Since its soundproofing is generally poor, it presented a new problem of noise pollution for office building during our noise control projects. Based on “Acoustics - Specifications for the Design of Sound Insulation in Civilian Structure” （GBJ118-88）and taken an office and meeting room for examples in a building, the good soundproofing material was selected and researched and its performance met the noise requirement of various rooms through compared with performance of soundproofing for various wall material. As a result, the noise of office and meeting room reduced from 67.2 dB (A) and 57.3dB(A) to below 55dB(A) and 50dB(A) separately.
Reliability Analysis of Foundation Pit by Improved Response Surface Method
Authors: Zhou Jiang , Cao Jing , He Yu , Song Jie
Published: January 2012

Lacking of explicit limit state function (LSF) will result large quantities of computational efforts for a FEAM based structural reliability analysis. An improved response surface (RS) method is proposed to analyze the failure probability of foundation pit through combining uniform design (UD) and non-parametric regression (NPR). Deferent levels of design parameters are first delicately selected according to UD and then FEAM is used to analysis corresponding pit response parameters including maximum lateral displacement of wall, settlement of ground, safety factor of overall stability, safety factors of against overturning, heave and piping. The RS relationship is then established through NPR based on inputs and responses. At last, a direct Mont Carlo Simulation is carried out to obtain the probability density function of response parameters.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Groundwater of the Proposed Iron and Steel Base in Xichang
Authors: Cao Jing , Gui Yue , Li Bao Zhu , Shen Fei
Published: January 2012

Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the current situation of underground water and its variations rule resulting from site grading at a proposed iron and steel base in Xichang. The comparison shows that the numerical simulations results of underground water level tally with measured results very well. On the basis of the simulation analysis result of current situation of the underground water, its variations rule after site grading was simulated and forecasted. The results show that after site grading, due to recharge, discharge and runoff conditions of underground water have be changed, the underground water level at the dig, fill section and the edge of the site would also be changed too. Specifically, the underground water level of dig section lowers than that before site grading while fill section’s higher than before.
Analysis of Dynamic Response for Suspend-Dome Structure
Authors: Zhang Qing , Gui Yue , Cao Jing , Song Zhi Gang , Huang Cheng Wei
Published: January 2012

This paper analyzed natural vibration frequencies and vibration modes of suspend-dome structure with finite element method. Firstly, to get the corresponding vibration mode of each frequency of the structure, understand the distribution of directional stiffness in the structure, and realize the basic natural vibration characteristics, this paper analyzed the natural vibration characteristics of suspend-dome structure. And then, this paper analyzed such four parameters as rise, roofing mass, sectional stiffness of the rods, and prestress in the cables. Through comparison of the four parameters, we can get the similarities and differences among their frequencies and vibration modes, and whether or not the mass and the stiffness are harmonious, and draw some valuable conclusions for structural design.
A Model for Seismic Vulnerability Score Assignment of Road Infrastructure Using Linear Regression Technique
Authors: Mohammadreza Yadollahi , Zin Rosli Mohammad , Mohammadreza Vafaei
Published: January 2012

Past earthquake damages to road and highway structures such as bridges and tunnels demonstrate that it can severely disrupt network performance. These types of lifeline damages negatively impact the economy of the region, as well as post-earthquake emergency response and recovery. The seismic performance of these structures is almost difficult to model, because performance is a function of design, age, and local geotechnical conditions. In addition, earthquake intensity is also highly uncertain. Since the vulnerability of transportation network is not a rapidly quantifiable concept, and road networks are vulnerable to many events, many of researchers tried to find acceptable definitions in this regard. This pilot study presents a Seismic Vulnerability Score Assignment Model (SVSA) applying linear regression technique for two types of road structures; namely bridges and tunnels as samples. This model helps the project managers and decision makers rank the road structures based on seismic vulnerability scores easily.
An Efficient Two-Factor User Authentication Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhao Jing Ying , Guo Hai , Wei Wei
Published: January 2012

Nowadays, Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are appeared to be new and promising solutions for next generation real-time wireless monitoring applications. These WSNs could become a threat if suitable security is not considered before the deployment. However, if there is any loophole in security, that might opens the door to attackers and hence, endanger for the applications. So, user authentication is one of the core requirements to protect WSNs data access from the unauthorized users. In this regard, we propose an efficient two-factor user authentication for WSNs, which is based on password and smart card (two-factors). Our scheme provides mutual authentication, enables the user to choose and change their password frequently. Moreover, they provides strong protection against different kind of attacks at reasonable computation cost.
Chongqing Bridge and its Combination Bridge
Authors: Xiang Zhong Fu , Zeng Yong
Published: January 2012

A brief introduction is given about the history and current situation of Chongqing Bridge. Several combination bridges are introduced in detail about structure characteristic and innovation: Chongqing Wushan Yangtze River Bridge--steel tube- concrete composite arch bridge; Twinning of Chongqing Yangtze River Bridge--steel-concrete composite rigid frame bridge; Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge --steel truss - arch composite bridge; Caiyuanba Yangtze River Bridge --Rigid Frame - Tied Arch Bridge.
Structural Analysis of the First Iron Bridge in the World Using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Wang Chang J. , Tang Guo Ning , Roberts Ibiye A. , Mynors Diane J.
Published: January 2012

The Iron Bridge completed in 1779 was the world’s first bridge. It is located at the world heritage site of Ironbridge Gorge in Shropshire, England. In order to predict the stress distribution and deformation in the bridge, the Iron Bridge was modelled and analysed using the finite element method. The maximum tensile stress was predicted to occur in the strut close to the middle of the bridge, which could be the reason why the strut failed. The numerically predicted deformations in the circles and ogees in the Iron Bridge are in agreement with the observed deformations. It is concluded that for the conservation and maintenance of the historic Iron Bridge, modern numerical simulations are invaluable for providing guidance.
Safety Evaluation of Pier under Impact of Bridge Girder Erection Machine
Authors: Zhou Yi Tang , Yan Kun
Published: January 2012

A tie beam in a pier is demaged owing to the collapse of the bridge girder erection machine in the construction. In order to evaluate the safety of the pier stud, the effect of force induced by the impact of the collapse is analyzed. The results show that the concrete in bottom of the pier is compressed and that the tensile stress of concrete in the root of the damaged tie beam is less that the designed tensile strength of the concrte. The analyzed results are in line with the real state of the damaged tie beam.
Solar Powered Automatic Controlled Advertising Light Box System
Authors: Zhu Qing Yuan , Wen Cheng Lu , Xie Wen Yi , Ye Jun Jun , Yin Hui
Published: January 2012

This paper introduces a solar powered automatic controlled advertising light box system functioning box rotation and poster cycling displaying of each panel, which overcomes the disadvantages of ordinary advertising light boxes of humdrum displaying and high energy consumption. The system includes three parts which are box rotation system, poster scrolling system and single-axis sun tracking system which can improve the solar energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. Sun tracking system which effectively combined the sun angle tracking and photoelectric tracking method can automatically switch between the work mode and hibernate mode according to time and weather condition so as to maximize energy efficiency. A hierarchical control strategy which contained main control system and sun tracking system is adopted to control light box rotation, panel displaying and sun tracking at the same time. The solar advertising light box system was verified by tests that with the hierarchical control strategy the power generated by solar panel increased 38.2% than fixed panel. Experiment results show that the light box works stably and has potential to apply under the situations where cable laying is not convenient.
Buckling and Vibration of Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in Polyethylene Polymers
Authors: Shi Dai , Wang Quan
Published: January 2012

The discovery of buckling instability and vibration of polyethylene/ carbon nanotube matrices is reported by molecular mechanics simulations. The research is aimed to acquire a high strength design of PE-CNT matrix with proper PE/CNT ratio as well as discovering the dynamic characteristics of the PE-CNT composites. The buckling strains and the resonance frequencies are found to decrease with an increase in the number of polyethylene chains in the polyethylene/carbon nanotube matrices. Van der Waals forces are collected to explain the relation of the PE chains to the buckling strain and the resonance frequency of the composites.
Experimental Study on Mixing Ratio of Concrete Adding Fly Ash and Slag Powder
Authors: Yao Lei , Kang Hong Zhen , Jia Kai Wu
Published: January 2012

13 Groups of C20 concrete specimens and 11 groups of C60 concrete specimens adding different content of fly ash and slag powder, comparing with normal concrete specimens, were tested to analyze compressive strength and workability. The test results show: When adding fly ash only, equivalent replacing volume should not exceed 30%, and for lower strength concretes (such as C20) the adding volume should be lower than 30%, otherwise, the compressive strength was influenced greatly. When adding slag powder only, the replacing volume should increase to 40%, meanwhile the workability must be supervised. When adding fly ash and slag powder simultaneously, the adding volume should reach to 50%, and the ratio of fly ash to slag should be controlled. For C20 concrete the ratio of fly ash to slag powder should not exceed 10% and for C60 concrete the ratio should reach to 25%.
The New Rotor Diameter Selection of Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher Based on EDEM
Authors: Duan De Rong , Zhao Fang , Chen Xian Xin , Guo Wei
Published: January 2012

The five rotor models of traditional 850mm, 200*400,200*500,250*500,300*500 and 300*600 were imported into EDEM for dynamic simulation, indicated that the acceleration efficiency of new rotor was better than the traditional. In the new rotor, when the subject rotor radius was the constant, the greater the impact plate installation radius, the better the acceleration efficiency; when the impact plate installation radius was the constant, the greater the subject rotor radius, the better the acceleration efficiency.
Effects of Doping ZnO-2B2O3-7SiO2 Glass by Sol-Gel Method on BaO-Sm2O3-4TiO2 Ceramics
Authors: Yan Zhong , Huang Jin Liang , Gu Yong Jun , Li Li Hua , Wang Xiao
Published: January 2012

BaO-Sm2O3-4TiO2 (abbreviated BST) ceramic powder was prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The effects of doping ZnO-2B2O3-7SiO2 (abbreviated ZBS) glass by sol-gel method on the sintering behaviors, microstructure, phase composition and dielectric properties of BST ceramics were investigated. The experimental results reveal that the main phase of samples doped with ZBS glass is tungsten bronze structure type BaSm2Ti4O12 phase, a litter Sm2Ti2O7 phase is also observed. The sintering tenperature of BST ceramics is remarkably reduced from 1350°C to 1050°C and the good dielectric properties of εr=60.2，tanδ=0.004，τf=-7.9ppm/°C were obtained for BST ceramics doped with 6wt% ZBS glass by sol-gel method sintered at 1050°C for 3h.
The Study of Type Twin Annealing in High Mn Steel
Authors: Razavi Gholam Reza
Published: January 2012

TWIP steels are high manganese steel (Mn: 17% - 35%) which are used for shaping car bodies. The structure of this kind of steels remains austenite even in room temperature. Due to low SFE (Stacking Fault Energy) twinning of grains is governing reformation mechanism in this kind of steels which strengthen TWIP steel. Regarding heat treatment influences on mechanical properties of TWIP steels, in this paper we discuss twinning phenomenon resulting from this kind of treatment. For this, following casting and hot rolling processes, we anneal the steel at 1100°C and different time cycles and study its microstructure using light microscope. The results showed that with decreasing grain size the number of twin annealing added And four types of annealing twin in the microstructure, in the end they all become one twin and then turn into grain.
Experimental Study of Mine AE Signal Based on Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Cheng Xiu Zhi , Yu Zhen , Zhu Guang
Published: January 2012

Because the wavelet transform can characterize the local signals in time and frequency domain, in the coal mine’s sound signals’ process, an audio signal processing based on wavelet analysis is proposed, the audio signal P wave is isolated and determined by wavelet transform, at the same time, the earthquake source can be located. Through the research of the mine AE signal’s activity patterns, the sound monitoring technology to forecast the mine power disaster is achieved.
Oxidation of Austenitic Steel TP347HFG Exposed to Supercritical Water with Different Dissolved Oxygen Concentration
Authors: Zhang Nai Qiang , Li Bao Rang , Bai Yang , Xu Hong
Published: January 2012

The oxidation of austenitic fine-grained steel TP347HFG exposed to supercritical water at 550 °C and 25 MPa with the dissolved oxygen concentration of 100 ppb, 300 ppb and 2000 ppb was investigated. The results indicated weight gain increased with the dissolved oxygen increasing. The herpes-shaped oxides were formed on the sample surface. The oxide layer was a typical dual-layered structure with a Fe-rich outer layer and a Fe-Cr-Ni-rich inner layer. The influences of the dissolved oxygen concentration and grain size on oxidation behavior were discussed finally.
Effect of Casting Parameters on Porosity in LFC
Authors: Izman S. , Shayganpour Amirreza , Idris M.H.
Published: January 2012

Cast aluminium alloys often contain microstructural defects resulting from the casting process such as porosity. Developments of Lost foam casting (LFC) process is considered as one of the most rapid in casting technology owing to its unique advantages on energy savings and capabilities to produce castings with thin sections. In the present research, experimental investigations in lost foam casting of aluminium-silicon cast alloy, LM6, were conducted. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different pouring temperatures, slurry viscosities, vibration times and sand sizes on the porosity of castings. A stepped pattern was used in the study and the focus of the investigations was at the thinnest 3 mm section. A full 2-level factorial design experimental technique was employed to plan the experiment and subsequently identify the significant factors which affect the casting porosity. The result shows that increasing in the pouring temperature decreases the porosity in the thin-wall section and finer sand size is more favourable than coarse size for LFC mould making process.
Experimental Research on a New-Type Concrete Antifreeze
Authors: Wang Bao Min , Song Kai , Tu Ni
Published: January 2012

Basic performance test was performed on a newly-developed compound antifreeze and experiment was carried out to study the basic performance, mechanical property and durability of the concrete mixtures containing 0%, 4% and 5% antifreeze. The result shows the antifreeze may be used for the concrete construction at 20°C below zero and it has favorable performance for winter construction. When the amount to be added is 4% and 5%, the ratio of compressive strength of 28 days shall be 105% and 107% respectively; the ratio of compressive strength of 56 days shall be 114% and 112% respectively. In freeze-thaw cycle experiment, 50 times of freeze-thaw strength loss rate is 45.3% and 44.8% of the strength loss rate of the concrete without the antifreeze. The water-reducing ratio of the antifreeze, ratio of bleeding rate, air content, difference in setting time, strength ratio, ratio of shrinkage, permeated height ratio and other performance indexes all satisfy specification requirements.
Determination the Heat Price of a Combined Heat and Power Plant with the Energy Grade Theory
Authors: Li Zhong Min , Li Zhi , Guo Jun
Published: January 2012

The combined heat and power plant furnish heat and electric, which are two different quality energy. And benefit returns to electric, benefit returns to heat and their trade off compose three methods to share the cost of the combined heat and power plant. Theory of energy grade is the thermodynamic viewpoint, which is not only considering the energy conservation, but also the energy matching. It takes into account all the quality and quantity of the utilized energy. In the present article, theory of energy grade is applied to analyze the heat usage of heat consumer. That takes the price of electric as basis. This method simplifies the calculation, has the reasonable theory foundation and meets the practice condition. It also reflects the idea of using energy according to the quality and high quality, high price
Improving the Granulating and Sintering Performance by Pretreating Concentrates Using Extrusion Machine
Authors: Mo Ya Ping , Pan Jian , Zhu D.Q , Chun T.J. , Chen D.
Published: January 2012

In this paper, the pretreatment of concentrates by extrusion machine was present to improve the granulation of blends comprising some 30% iron ore concentrates and enhance the sintering performance. It is shown that by pretreatment of fine concentrates through extrusion machine, the content of +3mm fractions of granulation mixture and sinter mixture permeability are elevated by 10% and 35%, respectively. In the meantime, an increase in sinter productivity from 1.51 to 1.62t.m-2.h-1 is attainted in pot tests with similar sinter tumble index and at lower coke rate. The mechanism of the pretreatment of concentrates process to improve sintering performance of fine iron ore concentrates was demonstrated by mineralogy that better permeability help form more calcium ferrite and good microstructure of sinter, further proven by the better metallurgical performance of sinter.
Classification of Underwater Echo Based on Fractal Theory and Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network
Authors: Tang Pu Hua , Zhou Mu Rong , Bu Ying Yong
Published: January 2012

A classification method for underwater echo is introduced, which based on fractal theory and learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network. The fractal dimension was extracted from the underwater echo by continuous wavelet transform. Combining with accumulative energy as input of a LVQ neural network, neural network was used to classify four kinds of underwater echo. The experimental results showed this method is effective and reliable.
Effect of Rare Earth Salt on Ceramic Membrane Formed by Micro-Arc Oxidation
Authors: Li Shi Jie , Ma Rui Na , Xue Juan Juan , Du An
Published: January 2012

TiO2 layers were fabricated via micro-arc oxidation process in the electrolyte of adding rare earth and in original electrolyte solution respectively .The ceramic membrane and the change of voltage were analysed.The results indicated, the ceramic membrane were formed faster in electrolyte solution of addingrare earth. Surface morphology and voltage changed obviously by adding rare earth salt. The optimal concentration of ceric sulfate and lanthanum nitrate were 0.018 mol /L and 0.046 mol /L respectively.
The Microstructure and Texture of Fine Grain High-Strength IF Steel after Continuous Annealing
Authors: Zhang Li Wen , Wang Zhen Ming , Zhang Hong Mei , Hou Jue
Published: January 2012

In this paper,the fine grain high-strength IF steel after cold-rolling and continuous annealing was studied.The microstructure under different holding time of fine-grain high strength IF steel was observed by the OM and the TEM technology. The influence of texture on continuous annealing time was analysed by Electron Back-Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) technology. It is proposed that the {111} recrystallization texture of fine-grain high strength IF steel is enhanced firstly, and then is weakened along with the increase of holding time, which confirms the strongest {111} texture is occurred at 120s holding time.
A Comparative Study on Scoping Numerical Calculations of Anisotropic Diffusion Experiment in Clay
Authors: Yang Qing Chun
Published: January 2012

Safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal in a deep geological repository requires understanding and quantifying radionuclide transport through the hosting geological formation. Radionuclide diffusion is the main transport mechanism in clay formations since they usually have small hydraulic conductivities. Thus, understanding diffusion and determining diffusion parameters under real conditions is crucial for the performance assessment of a deep geological repository. In this paper, a comparative analysis is performed which focus on the dimensions of the packed-off section where tracers are injected and the packer between the intervals, diffusion of neutral (HTO), anionic (I) and sorbing cationic tracers with different distribution coefficients (22Na and 85Sr) has been simulated considering the anisotropy effect. The results indicate that The expected anisotropy has been clearly measurable for the sake of a short injection interval, in the final geometric configuration, the length of injection interval is larger than the transport distance, so the anisotropy effect is not as clearly measurable as in the preliminary because practically no tracer breakthrough from one interval to the other is expected if diffusion anisotropy is confirmed. The tracer depletion in the final design is larger than in the preliminary design.
Miniature Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Rectangular Slots for GPS Application
Authors: Deng Zhong Liang , Hong Man Zu , Yao Yi Dong
Published: January 2012

A miniature circularly polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna with rectangular slots for GPS application is presented. The antenna structure is composed of a square radiating patch and two rectangular slots. The two rectangular slots are incorporated to obtain CP characteristic, with one slot on the lower left corner of the square patch and the other on the upper right corner. By adjusting the dimensions and positions of the slots, the proposed antenna can exhibit CP radiation. Moreover, miniature properties are achieved by the use of very high permittivity substrate material. Simulated results by Ansoft HFSS are given.
Research on the Design of Diamond Size in Diamond Drill Bits and Diamond Saw Blades
Authors: Yang Jun De , Lin Wen Li , Wang Yuan
Published: January 2012

In this paper, it is assumed that diamond’s cross-section is hexagonal, which is similar to the actual condition. At first the diamond cutting depth of diamond drill bits and diamond saw blades has been calculated and analyzed. A variety of diamond size and diamond exposure difference has also been calculated and analyzed. It is shown that the cutting depth of single diamond was generally below 0.02mm and the difference on diamond exposure between coarse and fine diamond must be less than diamond cutting depth to achieve efficient rock breaking. Some diamond size design methods are acquired via the calculations and analysis.
Wide Spectrum Absorption of CuGaS2 with Intermediate Bands
Authors: Qin Ming Sheng , Huang Fu Qiang , Chen Ping
Published: January 2012

The intermediate bands materials CuGa1-xQxS2 (Q = Ge, Sn) were investigated, and the narrow half-ﬁlled intermediate bands were successfully introduced into the chalcopyrite CuGaS2 when Ga3+ ion were partially replaced by Ge4+(Sn4+) impurities. The absorption edge of CuGa1-xQxS2 red shifts greatly with the increasing in the doping content due to the form of Ge-4s (Sn-5s) and S-3p hybridization orbits intermediate band, even small Q-doping content(2mol %), considerable red shifts are still achieved. CuGa1-xQxS2 (Q = Ge, Sn) with IBs extend the range of solar spectrum and could be the excellent candidates for the theoretical predictions of enhanced solar cell efficiency.
Performance Analysis of MIA Algorithm for LDPC Codes in near Space Rain Attenuation Channel
Authors: Su Yi Dong , Chen Shu Xin , Wu Hao
Published: January 2012

According to the influence of grand reflector to the channel, near space Ka-band rain attenuation channel model of area coverage is improved. According to RRWBF algorithm and UMP BP-Based algorithm of LDPC codes, a mixed iterative decoding algorithm is proposed. The algorithm takes advantage of low complexity of hard-decision algorithm and high performance of soft-decision algorithm, so in near space rain attenuation channel, the decoding complexity significantly reduced when bit error rate performance does not decline. Simulation results show that in near space rain attenuation channel, MIA algorithm can reduce decoding complexity by about 30%, compare with the UMP BP-Based algorithm.