bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of ROX Index with Mechanical Ventilator Use in Sepsis Patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: Ahn Sejoong , Park Jonghak , Song Juhyun , Kim Jooyeong , Cho Hanjin , Moon Sungwoo
Published: January 2022

Detecting sepsis patients who are at a high-risk of mechanical ventilation is important in emergency departments (ED). The respiratory rate oxygenation (ROX) index is the ratio of tissue oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen to the respiratory rate. This study aimed to investigate whether the ROX index could predict mechanical ventilator use in sepsis patients in an ED. This retrospective observational study included quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) ≥ 2 sepsis patients that presented to the ED between September 2019 and April 2020. The ROX and ROX-heart rate (HR) indices were significantly lower in patients with mechanical ventilator use within 24 h than in those without the use of a mechanical ventilator (4.0 [3.2–5.4] vs. 10.0 [5.9–15.2], p < 0.001 and 3.9 [2.7–5.8] vs. 10.1 [5.4–16.3], p < 0.001, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the ROX and ROX-HR indices were 0.854 and 0.816 (both p < 0.001). The ROX and ROX-HR indices were independently associated with mechanical ventilator use within 24 h (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68–0.90, p < 0.001 and adjusted hazard ratio = 0.87, 95% CI 0.79–0.96, p = 0.004, respectively). The 28-day mortality was higher in the low ROX and low ROX-HR groups. The ROX and ROX-HR indices were associated with mechanical ventilator use within 24 h in qSOFA ≥ 2 patients in the ED.
Trans-Catheter Valve-in-Valve Implantation for the Treatment of Aortic Bioprosthetic Valve Failure
Authors: Buono Andrea , Maffeo Diego , Troise Giovanni , Donatelli Francesco , Tespili Maurizio , Ielasi Alfonso
Published: January 2022

Aortic valve-in-valve (ViV) procedure is a valid treatment option for patients affected by bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV) degeneration. However, ViV implantation is technically more challenging compared to native trans-catheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). A deep knowledge of the mechanism and features of the failed BHV is pivotal to plan an adequate procedure. Multimodal imaging is fundamental in the diagnostic and pre-procedural phases. The main challenges associated with ViV TAVR consist of a higher risk of coronary obstruction, severe post-procedural patient-prosthesis mismatch, and a difficult coronary re-access. In this review, we describe the principles of ViV TAVR.
Feasibility of Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Active Fully Embodied Virtual Reality for Visual Height Intolerance: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Bulteau Samuel , Laurin Andrew , Bach-Ngohou Kalyane , Péré Morgane , Vibet Marie-Anne , Hardouin Jean-Benoit , Sebille Véronique , Lagalice Lydie , Faurel-Paul Élodie , Acier Didier , Rabeyron Thomas , Riche Valéry-Pierre , Sauvaget Anne , Melki Florian , Vigier Toinon , Perreira Da Silva Matthieu , Charlet Olivier , Prié Yannick
Published: January 2022

Background: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) are individually increasingly used in psychiatric research. Objective/Hypothesis: Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility of combining tDCS and wireless 360° full immersive active and embodied VRET to reduce height-induced anxiety. Methods: We carried out a pilot randomized, double-blind, controlled study associating VRET (two 20 min sessions with a 48 h interval, during which, participants had to cross a plank at rising heights in a building in construction) with online tDCS (targeting the ventromedial prefrontal cortex) in 28 participants. The primary outcomes were the sense of presence level and the tolerability. The secondary outcomes were the anxiety level (Subjective Unit of Discomfort) and the salivary cortisol concentration. Results: We confirmed the feasibility of the association between tDCS and fully embodied VRET associated with a good sense of presence without noticeable adverse effects. In both groups, a significant reduction in the fear of height was observed after two sessions, with only a small effect size of add-on tDCS (0.1) according to the SUD. The variations of cortisol concentration differed in the tDCS and sham groups. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the feasibility of the association between wireless online tDCS and active, fully embodied VRET. The optimal tDCS paradigm remains to be determined in this context to increase effect size and then adequately power future clinical studies assessing synergies between both techniques.
5-Year Clinical and Radiographic Results of the Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a Collared Cementless Femoral Short-Stem Prosthesis
Authors: Darwich Ali , Pankert Kim , Ottersbach Andreas , Betsch Marcel , Gravius Sascha , Bdeir Mohamad
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the radiological and clinical outcome of the direct anterior approach (DAA) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a collared cementless femoral short-stem. This retrospective study included 124 patients with 135 THAs operated from 2014 to 2016 using a collared cementless triple tapered hydroxyapatite-coated femoral short-stem (AMIStem H Collared®, Medacta International, Castel San Pietro, Switzerland) implanted with a DAA. Follow-up was performed at three months, 12 months, and five years. Clinical outcome was assessed using the hip osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS) and radiological analysis was done using conventional radiographs, which included evaluation of the femur morphology based on Dorr classification, of radiolucencies based on the Gruen zone classification and of stem subsidence. The mean age was 67.7 ± 11.3 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.4 ± 4.4 kg/m2. The stem survival rate at five years was 99.1% with one revision due to recurrent dislocations. Mean HOOS score improved from 40.9 ± 18.3 preoperatively to 81.5 ± 19.7 at three months, 89.3 ± 10.9 at 12 months, and 89.0 ± 14.0 at five years (all with p < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between age, femoral bone morphology, BMI and HOOS, and the appearance of relevant radiolucencies.
Precision Medicine for Hypertension Patients with Type 2 Diabetes via Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Oh Sang Ho , Lee Su Jin , Park Jongyoul
Published: January 2022

Precision medicine is a new approach to understanding health and disease based on patient-specific data such as medical diagnoses; clinical phenotype; biologic investigations such as laboratory studies and imaging; and environmental, demographic, and lifestyle factors. The importance of machine learning techniques in healthcare has expanded quickly in the last decade owing to the rising availability of vast multi-modality data and developed computational models and algorithms. Reinforcement learning is an appealing method for developing efficient policies in various healthcare areas where the decision-making process is typically defined by a long period or a sequential process. In our research, we leverage the power of reinforcement learning and electronic health records of South Koreans to dynamically recommend treatment prescriptions, which are personalized based on patient information of hypertension. Our proposed reinforcement learning-based treatment recommendation system decides whether to use mono, dual, or triple therapy according to the state of the hypertension patients. We evaluated the performance of our personalized treatment recommendation model by lowering the occurrence of hypertension-related complications and blood pressure levels of patients who followed our model’s recommendation. With our findings, we believe that our proposed hypertension treatment recommendation model could assist doctors in prescribing appropriate antihypertensive medications.
Linking Spatial–Temporal Changes of Vegetation Cover with Hydroclimatological Variables in Terrestrial Environments with a Focus on the Lake Urmia Basin
Authors: Foroumandi Ehsan , Nourani Vahid , Dąbrowska Dominika , Kantoush Sameh Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Investigation of vegetation cover is crucial to the study of terrestrial ecological environments as it has a close relationship with hydroclimatological variables and plays a dominant role in preserving the characteristics of a region. In Iran, the current study selected the watersheds of two rivers, Nazloo-Chay and Aji-Chay, to systematically investigate the implications and causes of vegetation cover variations under changing environments. These two rivers are among the essential inflows to Lake Urmia, the second largest saline lake on Earth, and are located on the west and east sides of the lake, respectively. There has been a debate between the people living in the rivers’ watersheds about who is responsible for the decline in the level of Lake Urmia—does responsibility fall with those on the east side or with those on the west side? In this study, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used as a remotely sensed index to study spatial–temporal pattern changes in vegetation. Moreover, the temperature, precipitation, and streamflow time series were gathered using ground measurements to explore the causes and implications of changing vegetation cover. Discrete wavelet transform was applied to separate the different components of the time series. The Mann–Kendall (MK) test was applied to the time series on monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales. The connections and relationship between the NDVI time series and temperature, precipitation, and streamflow time series and any underlying causes were investigated using wavelet transform coherence (WTC). Land use maps were generated for different years using a support vector machine (SVM) in the final stage. The results indicated that the most dominant monthly, seasonal, and annual hydrological periodicities across the watersheds are 8 months, 6 months, and 2 years, respectively. The increasing vegetation cover during stable hydro-environmental periods revealed unusual conditions in the Aji-Chay watershed and reflected agricultural expansion. The WTC graphs indicated sudden changes in mutual periodicities and time-lags with different patterns between variables, which indicates the increasing anthropogenic activities in both watersheds. However, this was more dominant in the Aji-Chay watershed. The land use maps and investigation of the averaged NDVI maps also denoted that the areas of cultivated land have increased by 30% in the Aji-Chay watershed, and crop types have been changed to the crops with a higher demand for water in both watersheds.
Early Biomarkers Associated with P53 Signaling for Acute Radiation Injury
Authors: Li Weihong , Zhou Shixiang , Jia Meng , Li Xiaoxin , Li Lin , Wang Qi , Qi Zhenhua , Zhou Pingkun , Li Yaqiong , Wang Zhidong
Published: January 2022

Accurate dose assessment within 1 day or even 12 h after exposure through current methods of dose estimation remains a challenge, in response to a large number of casualties caused by nuclear or radiation accidents. P53 signaling pathway plays an important role in DNA damage repair and cell apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation. The changes of radiation-induced P53 related genes in the early stage of ionizing radiation should compensate for the deficiency of lymphocyte decline and γ-H2AX analysis as novel biomarkers of radiation damage. Bioinformatic analysis was performed on previous data to find candidate genes from human peripheral blood irradiated in vitro. The expression levels of candidate genes were detected by RT-PCR. The expressions of screened DDB2, AEN, TRIAP1, and TRAF4 were stable in healthy population, but significantly up-regulated by radiation, with time specificity and dose dependence in 2–24 h after irradiation. They are early indicators for medical treatment in acute radiation injury. Their effective combination could achieve a more accurate dose assessment for large-scale wounded patients within 24 h post exposure. The effective combination of p53-related genes DDB2, AEN, TRIAP1, and TRAF4 is a novel biodosimetry for a large number of people exposed to acute nuclear accidents.
Cytoskeleton Markers in the Spinal Cord and Mechanoreceptors of Thick-Toed Geckos after Prolonged Space Flights
Authors: Proshchina Alexandra , Gulimova Victoria , Kharlamova Anastasia , Krivova Yuliya , Barabanov Valeriy , Saveliev Sergey
Published: January 2022

Spaceflight may cause hypogravitational motor syndrome (HMS). However, the role of the nervous system in the formation of HMS remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of space flights on the cytoskeleton of the neuronal and glial cells in the spinal cord and mechanoreceptors in the toes of thick-toed geckos (Chondrodactylus turneri GRAY, 1864). Thick-toed geckos are able to maintain attachment and natural locomotion in weightlessness. Different types of mechanoreceptors have been described in the toes of geckos. After flight, neurofilament 200 immunoreactivity in mechanoreceptors was lower than in control. In some motor neurons of flight geckos, nonspecific pathomorphological changes were observed, but they were also detected in the control. No signs of gliosis were detected after spaceflight. Cytoskeleton markers adequately reflect changes in the cells of the nervous system. We suggest that geckos’ adhesion is controlled by the nervous system. Our study revealed no significant disturbances in the morphology of the spinal cord after the prolonged space flight, supporting the hypothesis that geckos compensate the alterations, characteristic for other mammals in weightlessness, by tactile stimulation.
Effects of Laser Surface Texturing and Lubrication on the Vibrational and Tribological Performance of Sliding Contact
Authors: Liu Shunchu , Sai Qingyi , Wang Shuwen , Williams John
Published: January 2022

Various textures are fabricated by a picosecond laser machine on the surfaces of circular stainless steel specimens. Vibrational and tribological effects of laser surface textures are investigated by means of a tribometer and a data acquisition and signal processing (DASP) system. Experimental results show that surface textures can reduce the coefficients of friction (COFs), enhance the wear resistance, and improve the dynamical performance of frictional surfaces. In this study, the surface with micro circular dimples in diameter of 150 μm or textured area density of 25% has the best tribological and dynamical performance. Compared with the non-textured surface, the surface with circular dimples in diameter of 150 μm and 15% textured area density has 27% reduction of COFs, 95% reduction of frictional vibrations, and 66% reduction of frictional noise. The frictional vibrations and noise in the sliding contacts can be effectively reduced by adding graphene to the lubrication oil, and the surface textures enhance the frictional noise reduction performance of lubrication.
A Rapid Self-Assembly Peptide Hydrogel for Recruitment and Activation of Immune Cells
Authors: Luo Ruyue , Wan Yuan , Luo Xinyi , Liu Guicen , Li Zhaoxu , Chen Jialei , Su Di , Lu Na , Luo Zhongli
Published: January 2022

Self-assembly peptide nanotechnology has attracted much attention due to its regular and orderly structure and diverse functions. Most of the existing self-assembly peptides can form aggregates with specific structures only under specific conditions and their assembly time is relatively long. They have good biocompatibility but no immunogenicity. To optimize it, a self-assembly peptide named DRF3 was designed. It contains a hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface, using two N-terminal arginines, leucine, and two c-terminal aspartate and glutamic acid. Meanwhile, the c-terminal of the peptide was amidated, so that peptide segments were interconnected to increase diversity. Its characterization, biocompatibility, controlled release effect on antigen, immune cell recruitment ability, and antitumor properties were examined here. Congo red/aniline blue staining revealed that peptide hydrogel DRF3 could be immediately gelled in PBS. The stable β-sheet secondary structure of DRF3 was confirmed by circular dichroism spectrum and IR spectra. The observation results of cryo-scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy demonstrated that DRF3 formed nanotubule-like and vesicular structures in PBS, and these structures interlaced with each other to form ordered three-dimensional nanofiber structures. Meanwhile, DRF3 showed excellent biocompatibility, could sustainably and slowly release antigens, recruit dendritic cells and promote the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. In addition, DRF3 has a strong inhibitory effect on clear renal cell carcinoma (786-0). These results provide a reliable basis for the application of peptide hydrogels in biomedical and preclinical trials.
The Evaluation of Meloxicam Nanocrystals by Oral Administration with Different Particle Sizes
Authors: Yu Yao , Tian Yang , Zhang Hui , Jia Qingxian , Chen Xuejun , Kang Dongzhou , Du Yimeng , Song Shenghan , Zheng Aiping
Published: January 2022

Meloxicam (MLX) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. However, its poor water solubility limits the dissolution process and influences absorption. In order to solve this problem and improve its bioavailability, we prepared it in nanocrystals with three different particle sizes to improve solubility and compare the differences between various particle sizes. The nanocrystal particle sizes were studied through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and laser scattering (LS). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the morphology of nanocrystals. The sizes of meloxicam-nanocrystals-A (MLX-NCs-A), meloxicam-nanocrystals-B (MLX-NCs-B), and meloxicam-nanocrystals-C (MLX-NCs-C) were 3.262 ± 0.016 μm, 460.2 ± 9.5 nm, and 204.9 ± 2.8 nm, respectively. Molecular simulation was used to explore the distribution and interaction energy of MLX molecules and stabilizer molecules in water. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) proved that the crystalline state did not change in the preparation process. Transport studies of the Caco-2 cell model indicated that the cumulative degree of transport would increase as the particle size decreased. Additionally, plasma concentration–time curves showed that the AUC0–∞ of MLX-NCs-C were 3.58- and 2.92-fold greater than those of MLX-NCs-A and MLX-NCs-B, respectively. These results indicate that preparing MLX in nanocrystals can effectively improve the bioavailability, and the particle size of nanocrystals is an important factor in transmission and absorption.
Growth Performance, Biochemical Composition and Nutrient Recovery Ability of Twelve Microalgae Consortia Isolated from Various Local Organic Wastes Grown on Nano-Filtered Pig Slurry
Authors: Su Min , Dell’Orto Marta , Scaglia Barbara , D’Imporzano Giuliana , Bani Alessia , Adani Fabrizio
Published: January 2022

This paper demonstrated the growth ability of twelve algae-microbial consortia (AC) isolated from organic wastes when a pig slurry-derived wastewater (NFP) was used as growth substrate in autotrophic cultivation. Nutrient recovery, biochemical composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of algae consortia were evaluated and compared. Three algae-microbial consortia, i.e., a Chlorella-dominated consortium (AC_1), a Tetradesmus and Synechocystis co-dominated consortium (AC_10), and a Chlorella and Tetradesmus co-dominated consortium (AC_12) were found to have the best growth rates (µ of 0.55 ± 0.04, 0.52 ± 0.06, and 0.58 ± 0.03 d−1, respectively), which made them good candidates for further applications. The ACs showed high carbohydrates and lipid contents but low contents of both proteins and essential amino acids, probably because of the low N concentration of NFP. AC_1 and AC_12 showed optimal ω6:ω3 ratios of 3.1 and 3.6, which make them interesting from a nutritional point of view.
Evaluation of Thermal Properties of Composites Prepared from Pistachio Shell Particles Treated Chemically and Polypropylene
Authors: Salazar-Cruz Beatriz Adriana , Chávez-Cinco María Yolanda , Morales-Cepeda Ana Beatriz , Ramos-Galván Claudia Esmeralda , Rivera-Armenta José Luis
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the present work was to prepare polypropylene (PP) matrix composited filled with chemically treated pistachio shell particles (PTx), and evaluate their effect on the composites’ thermal properties. PP-PTx composites were formulated in different PTx content (from 2 to 10 phr) in a mixing chamber, using the melt-mixing process. The PTx were chemically treated using a NaOH solution and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). According to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the treatment of pistachio shell particles resulted in the remotion of lignin and hemicellulose. The thermal stability was evaluated by means of TGA, where the presence of PTx in composites showed a positive effect compared with PP pristine. Thermal properties such as crystallization temperature (Tc), crystallization enthalpy (∆Hc), melting temperature (Tm) and crystallinity were determinate by means differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); these results suggest that the PTx had a nucleation effect on the PP matrix, increasing their crystallinity. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that stiffness of the composites increase compared with that PP pristine, as well as the storage modulus, and the best results were found at a PTx concentration of 4 phr. At higher concentrations, the positive effect decreased; however, they were better than the reference PP.
Scaled in Cartesian Coordinates Ab Initio Molecular Force Fields of DNA Bases: Application to Canonical Pairs
Authors: Kochikov Igor , Stepanova Anna , Kuramshina Gulnara
Published: January 2022

The model of Regularized Quantum Mechanical Force Field (RQMFF) was applied to the joint treatment of ab initio and experimental vibrational data of the four primary nucleobases using a new algorithm based on the scaling procedure in Cartesian coordinates. The matrix of scaling factors in Cartesian coordinates for the considered molecules includes diagonal elements for all atoms of the molecule and off-diagonal elements for bonded atoms and for some non-bonded atoms (1–3 and some 1–4 interactions). The choice of the model is based on the results of the second-order perturbation analysis of the Fock matrix for uncoupled interactions using the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. The scaling factors obtained within this model as a result of solving the inverse problem (regularized Cartesian scale factors) of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine molecules were used to correct the Hessians of the canonical base pairs: adenine–thymine and cytosine–guanine. The proposed procedure is based on the block structure of the scaling matrix for molecular entities with non-covalent interactions, as in the case of DNA base pairs. It allows avoiding introducing internal coordinates (or coordinates of symmetry, local symmetry, etc.) when scaling the force field of a compound of a complex structure with non-covalent H-bonds.
Secondary Metabolites with Antimicrobial Activities from Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana
Authors: Wu Ming-Der , Cheng Ming-Jen , Chen Jih-Jung , Khamthong Nanthaphong , Lin Wen-Wei , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung
Published: January 2022

Seven new compounds, including one dimer novel skeleton, chamaecyformosanin A (1); three diterpenes, chamaecyformosanins B–D (2–4); one sesquiterpene, chamaecyformosanin E (5); and two monoterpenes, chamaecyformosanins F and G (6 and 7) were isolated from the methanol extract of the bark of Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana. Their structures were established by the mean of spectroscopic analysis and the comparison of NMR data with those of known analogues. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical evidence, in-depth NMR spectroscopic analysis, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the isolated compounds were subjected to an evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. Metabolites 1, 3, and 4 present antibacterial activities. It is worth mentioning that the chemical composition of the bark of C. obtusa var. formosana has never been studied in the past. This is the first time the barks from C. obtusa var. formosana were studied and two new skeleton compounds, 1 and 7, were obtained.
New Bicyclic Azalide Macrolides Obtained by Tandem Palladium Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation/Conjugated Addition Reaction
Authors: Alihodžić Sulejman , Čipčić Paljetak Hana , Čikoš Ana , Elenkov Ivaylo Jivkov
Published: January 2022

Unprecedented tandem allylic alkylation/intermolecular Michael addition was used in the preparation of novel bicyclic azalides. NMR spectroscopy was used not only to unambiguously determine and characterize the structures of these unexpected products of chemical reaction but also to investigate the effect the rigid bicyclic modification has on the conformation of the whole molecule. Thus, some of the macrolides prepared showed antibacterial activity in the range of well-known antibiotic drug azithromycin.
Discrimination of Adulterated Ginkgo Biloba Products Based on 2T2D Correlation Spectroscopy in UV-Vis Range
Authors: Walkowiak Agata , Wnuk Kacper , Cyrankiewicz Michał , Kupcewicz Bogumiła
Published: January 2022

Ginkgo biloba is a popular medicinal plant widely used in numerous herbal products, including food supplements. Due to its popularity and growing economic value, G. biloba leaf extract has become the target of economically motivated adulterations. There are many reports about the poor quality of ginkgo products and their adulteration, mainly by adding flavonols, flavonol glycosides, or extracts from other plants. In this work, we developed an approach using two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2T2D COS) in UV-Vis range combined with multilinear principal component analysis (MPCA) to detect potential adulteration of twenty G. biloba food supplements. UV-Vis spectral data are obtained for 80% methanol and aqueous extracts in the range of 245–410 nm. Three series of two-dimensional correlation spectra were interpreted by visual inspection and using MPCA. The proposed relatively quick and straightforward approach successfully differentiated supplements adulterated with rutin or those lacking ginkgo leaf extract. Supporting information about adulteration was obtained from the difference between the DPPH radical scavenging capacity of both extracts and from chromatographic (HPLC-DAD) fingerprints of methanolic samples.
Optimised Method for Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiling of Bovine Milk and Serum
Authors: Li Cheng , Liu Zhiqian , Bath Carolyn , Marett Leah , Pryce Jennie , Rochfort Simone
Published: January 2022

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, C2-C5) in milk and serum are derived from rumen bacterial fermentation and, thus, have the potential to be used as biomarkers for the health status of dairy cows. Currently, there is no comprehensive and validated method that can be used to analyse all SCFAs in both bovine serum and milk. This paper reports an optimised protocol, combining 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3-NPH) derivatisation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis for quantification of SCFA and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) in both bovine milk and bovine serum. This method is sensitive (limit of detection (LOD) ≤ 0.1 µmol/L of bovine milk and serum), accurate (recovery 84–115% for most analytes) and reproducible (relative standard deviation (RSD) for repeated analyses below 7% for most measurements) with a short sample preparation step. The application of this method to samples collected from a small cohort of animals allowed us to reveal a large variation in SCFA concentration between serum and milk and across different animals as well as the strong correlation of some SCFAs between milk and serum samples.
High Throughput Identification of the Potential Antioxidant Peptides in Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Tong Xinxin , Guo Jinlin
Published: January 2022

Ophiocordyceps sinensis, an ascomycete caterpillar fungus, has been used as a Traditional Chinese Medicine owing to its bioactive properties. However, until now the bio-active peptides have not been identified in this fungus. Here, the raw RNA sequences of three crucial growth stages of the artificially cultivated O. sinensis and the wild-grown mature fruit-body were aligned to the genome of O. sinensis. Both homology-based prediction and de novo-based prediction methods were used to identify 8541 putative antioxidant peptides (pAOPs). The expression profiles of the cultivated mature fruiting body were similar to those found in the wild specimens. The differential expression of 1008 pAOPs matched genes had the highest difference between ST and MF, suggesting that the pAOPs were primarily induced and play important roles in the process of the fruit-body maturation. Gene ontology analysis showed that most of pAOPs matched genes were enriched in terms of ‘cell redox homeostasis’, ‘response to oxidative stresses’, ‘catalase activity’, and ‘ integral component of cell membrane’. A total of 1655 pAOPs was identified in our protein-seqs, and some crucial pAOPs were selected, including catalase, peroxiredoxin, and SOD [Cu–Zn]. Our findings offer the first identification of the active peptide ingredients in O. sinensis, facilitating the discovery of anti-infectious bio-activity and the understanding of the roles of AOPs in fungal pathogenicity and the high-altitude adaptation in this medicinal fungus.
Mechanochemical Applications of Reactive Extrusion from Organic Synthesis to Catalytic and Active Materials
Authors: Calcio Gaudino Emanuela , Grillo Giorgio , Manzoli Maela , Tabasso Silvia , Maccagnan Simone , Cravotto Giancarlo
Published: January 2022

In the past, the use of mechanochemical methods in organic synthesis was reported as somewhat of a curiosity. However, perceptions have changed over the last two decades, and this technology is now being appreciated as a greener and more efficient synthetic method. The qualified “offer” of ball mills that make use of different set-ups, materials, and dimensions has allowed this technology to mature. Nevertheless, the intrinsic batch nature of mechanochemical methods hinders industrial scale-ups. New studies have found, in reactive extrusion, a powerful technique with which to activate chemical reactions with mechanical forces in a continuous flow. This new environmentally friendly mechanochemical synthetic method may be able to miniaturize production plants with outstanding process intensifications by removing organic solvents and working in a flow mode. Compared to conventional processes, reactive extrusions display high simplicity, safety, and cleanliness, which can be exploited in a variety of applications. This paper presents perspective examples in the better-known areas of reactive extrusions, including oxidation reactions, polymer processing, and biomass conversion. This work should stimulate further developments, as it highlights the versatility of reactive extrusion and the huge potential of solid-phase flow chemistry.
Evaluation of Transplacental Antibody Transfer in SARS-CoV-2-Immunized Pregnant Women
Authors: Shen Ching-Ju , Fu Yi-Chen , Lin Yen-Pin , Shen Ching-Fen , Sun Der-Ji , Chen Huan-Yun , Cheng Chao-Min
Published: January 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy could result in adverse perinatal outcome. Clinical data on the assessment of the immune response in vaccinated pregnant women and subsequent transplacental antibody transfer are quite limited. Objective: To assess maternal and neonatal neutralizing antibody levels against both wildtype and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants after maternal mRNA vaccination. Study Design: This cohort study was conducted 29 pregnant women who were vaccinated at least one dose of Moderna (mRNA-1273) vaccine. Both neutralizing antibody (wildtype and Delta variant) and S1 receptor binding domain IgG antibody levels were evaluated in maternal and cord blood on the day of delivery. Results: Superiority of antibody level was significant in fully vaccinated women compared with the one-dose group (maternal sera, median, 97.46%; cord sera, median, 97.37% versus maternal sera, median, 4.01%; cord sera, median, 1.44%). No difference in antibody level was noted in relation to interval of second immunization to delivery in the two-dose group (95.99% in 0–2 weeks, 97.45% in 2–4 weeks, 97.48% in 4–8 weeks, 97.72% in 8–10 weeks). The most pronounced reduction was observed for the Delta variant. The wildtype neutralizing antibody level of full-vaccinated women was not influenced by the pertussis vaccination. Conclusion: The data underscore the importance of full vaccination in pregnancy and support the recommendation of COVID-19 immunization for pregnant women. The lower level of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies for the Delta variant indicates insufficient protection for mother and newborn and highlights the need for development of effective vaccine strategies.
Development and Application of an Urban Flood Forecasting and Warning Process to Reduce Urban Flood Damage: A Case Study of Dorim River Basin, Seoul
Authors: Won Yong-Man , Lee Jung-Hwan , Moon Hyeon-Tae , Moon Young-Il
Published: January 2022

Early and accurate flood forecasting and warning for urban flood risk areas is an essential factor to reduce flood damage. This paper presents the urban flood forecasting and warning process to reduce damage in the main flood risk area of South Korea. This process is developed based on the rainfall-runoff model and deep learning model. A model-driven method was devised to construct the accurate physical model with combined inland-river and flood control facilities, such as pump stations and underground storages. To calibrate the rainfall-runoff model, data of gauging stations and pump stations of an urban stream in August 2020 were used, and the model result was presented as an R2 value of 0.63~0.79. Accurate flood warning criteria of the urban stream were analyzed according to the various rainfall scenarios from the model-driven method. As flood forecasting and warning in the urban stream, deep learning models, vanilla ANN, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Stack-LSTM, and Bidirectional LSTM were constructed. Deep learning models using 10-min hydrological time-series data from gauging stations were trained to warn of expected flood risks based on the water level in the urban stream. A forecasting and warning method that applied the bidirectional LSTM showed an R2 value of 0.9 for the water level forecast with 30 min lead time, indicating the possibility of effective flood forecasting and warning. This case study aims to contribute to the reduction of casualties and flood damage in urban streams and accurate flood warnings in typical urban flood risk areas of South Korea. The developed urban flood forecasting and warning process can be applied effectively as a non-structural measure to mitigate urban flood damage and can be extended considering watershed characteristics.
The image of a grandmother in TIK TOK
Authors:   St. Petersburg Polytechnic University of Peter the Great, Guliev V. A.
Published: January 2022

The article examines publications under the hashtag #бабушка on the Tik Tok social network and analyzes thematic profiles. This article examines grandmothers’ appearance. In 54% cases old women look like «grandmother from the village». In 35% cases granny’s look like typical pensioner from the city. And in 11% cases granny’s dress «stylishly». From these data we can fing that in 89% cases grandmothers do not dress modern. The most grandmothers’ activities are cooking(39%), doing entertaining content(18%), talking about useful life hacks(19%). These data shows us, that the majority of granny doing some practically useful content. I also would like to note the obscene language in videos with granny’s .In 21% of videos there is obscene language. This data shows us, that the majority of granny’s are polite. The comments of Internet users were also analyzed. About 77% of commentators have a positive attitude towards grandmothers. 15% of commentators have a negative attitude towards grandmothers and their family members. Overall, commentators have a positive attitude towards grannys. Thus, we can conclude that the grandmothers on Tik Tok are filming interesting and practically applied content.
Prospects for the development of relations and cooperation between Iran, Russia and China
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Momeni Mani , Larina Elena Dmitrievna ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: January 2022

Тhe article talks about building diplomatic relations between Russia, China and Iran. They talk about building a Russia-China-Iran coalition, as well as about bilateral relations between these countries
Gestión de los residuos sólidos urbanos y su efecto en el aire, agua y suelo
Authors: Dávila Sámano Alma Regina , Linares Hernández Ivonne , Castillo Suárez Luis Antonio , Martínez Miranda Verónica
Published: January 2022

Los rellenos sanitarios (RS) y los vertederos abiertos son responsables de la generación significativa de altas cantidades de lixiviados y gases que se incorporan al agua subterránea y a la atmósfera, principalmente compuestos orgánicos volátiles, metales pesados, macro inorgánicos (N y P). Debido a que los RS bien diseñados conllevan altos costos de instalación, operación y mantenimiento, la gestión de RSU se queda a nivel de sitios controlados y no controlados. Como es el caso del RS de Zinacantepec. En este trabajo se aplicó la metodología causa-efecto a través de la matriz de Leopold para analizar el impacto ambiental en el aire, agua y suelo en concordancia con el método de gestión municipal y de concesión privada. Los resultados indicaron que el RS de Zinacantepec carece de la información necesaria sobre la cuantificación de lixiviados y gases emitidos. Se puede concluir que se requiere un estudio en el que se monitoreen las características  físicas y químicas del agua subterránea y del aire con la finalidad de evitar  daños a la salud de los trabajadores y de la población circundante y al ecosistema.
Contenido mineral y proteína en germinados de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)
Authors: Huaraca Aparco Rosa , Kari Ferro Aydee , Tapia Tadeo Fidelia , Alvarez Arias Celinda
Published: January 2022

El consumo de cereales germinados tiene una potencial importancia en la alimentación con un amplio nivel de nutrientes, las vitaminas, minerales, proteínas, carbohidratos, ácidos grasos y enzimas. Los germinados son una alternativa alimenticia que contribuye con la disminución de la desnutrición en niños, madres gestantes y lactantes. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el contenido de proteína, hierro y calcio en tres variedades de quinua germinada (blanca Junín, negra ccollana y pasankalla) cultivas en la provincia de Andahuaylas. Se realizaron análisis de contenido de proteína, hierro y calcio mediante el método AOAC. los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA para comparar las variedades de quinua germinada. Los granos de quinua germinada analizadas presentan 12,19% de proteína (rango 11,86 – 12,48%) con una media de 5,79mg de hierro/100g (rango 5,54–6,16), y 66,56 mg de calcio/100g. La variedad pasankalla mostro un mayor contenido de hierro en comparación con las variedades negra ccollana y blanca junin (p <0.05). Todas las variedades presentan un contenido considerable de proteínas y calcio. Los resultados muestran información relevante con fines de obtención de formulaciones nutritivos para niños.
Compostaje del residuo papelero aplicado al cultivo de maíz
Authors: Velásquez Barbachán Juan
Published: January 2022

La industria del papel proveniente de celulosa tiene un crecimiento de 2.5% anual, sin embargo, existe la tendencia creciente del uso de papel reciclado para los procesos de fabricación. Durante este proceso se genera un residuo papelero que no tiene una disposición final adecuada hecho que contribuye a la contaminación ambiental. El objetivo del trabajo es establecer una formulación de compost de residuo papelero que pueda aplicarse al cultivo de maíz, evaluando su rendimiento como  alternativa  para la gestión de residuos de la industria papelera. El diseño experimental utilizado fue de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro  tratamientos  T1:15  t ha-1; T2:20 t ha-1; T3:25 t ha-1; T4:30 t ha-1  y cuatro repeticiones. No existió diferencia significativa en la relación raíz/vástago a los 40, 80 y 120 días después de la siembra, así como en el número de mazorcas por planta. Por otro lado, en el peso de mazorcas por planta, el rendimiento de forraje verde y rendimiento de materia seca el T4 presentó diferencia significativa. En conclusión, el compostaje en una relación 3:1 de residuo papelero y estiércol de vaca puede ser una opción viable en la gestión de residuos provenientes de la industria papelera ya que tiene efectos sobre el rendimiento de maíz.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ТЕСТУВАННЯ У СФЕРІ ІНШОМОВНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ АВІАЦІЙНИХ ФАХІВЦІВ
Authors: Нечепорук Яна
Published: January 2022

Стаття присвячена аналізу інноваційних тенденцій тестування майбутніх і діючих авіаційних фахівців. Досліджено процес впровадження Вимог щодо володіння професійною мовою (LPR) та зазначено, що значну кількість тестів на знання авіаційної мови було розроблено та впроваджено кожним суб’єктом надання освітніх послуг окремо. Підкреслено, що незважаючи на те, що їх розроблення, можливо, здійснено у відповідь на LPR ІСАО відповідно до керівних матеріалів, викладених у Документі ICAO 9835, вони мають відмінності у тлумаченні основного матеріалу, методах тестування та, власне, у тому, що є ефективним тестовим інструментом LPR. Це зумовило відмінності у стандартах і практиках їх апробації. У статті висвітлено низку проблем, які можуть свідчити про недостатність ефективності іншомовної підготовки LPR ІСАО, що може поставити під загрозу безпеку авіації.У статті обґрунтовано актуальність і доцільність підвищення рівня професійної іншомовної підготовки спеціалістів з цивільної авіації, а також критерії оцінки мовної компетентності. Висвітлено особливості авіаційної англійської мови для ведення радіопереговорів та їх вплив на безпеку польотів. Зауважено, що авіаційне професійне спілкування набуває все більшого значення, а методи його підготовки та перевірки постають як актуальні для наукових досліджень. Зазначено, що LPR ICAO безпосередньо стосуються зв’язку між пілотами та диспетчерами повітряного руху, а оцінка кваліфікації у сфері радіотелефонного зв’язку відіграє в LPR ICAO провідну роль. Обґрунтовано ряд ключових критеріїв як головних елементів загальної системи тестування, що мають безпосередній вплив на ефективність тесту з авіаційної англійської мови. Підкреслено, що ці критерії дозволяють визначити, наскільки добре тестування відповідає цілям LPR та наскільки загалом результативність тестування є достовірною та справедливою.Ключові слова: тестування ІСАО; іншомовна підготовка; LPR ІСАО; пілот; диспетчер УПР.
ВЧИТЕЛЬ НОВОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ШКОЛИ: ВЕКТОРИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Хомич Лідія
Published: January 2022

У статті автором проаналізовано проблему професійного розвитку вчителя нової української школи. Актуальність досліджуваної проблеми визначається концептуальними підходами обґрунтованими у законодавчих документах про освіту, зокрема Концепцією Нової української школи. В умовах її впровадження важливо вдосконалювати підготовку майбутніх вчителів у закладах педагогічної освіти, а також сприяти професійному розвитку працюючого вчителя. Вектори професійного розвитку вчителя НУШ визначені з урахуванням концептуальних засад реформування сучасного освітнього простору та впровадження педагогічних інновацій в освітню діяльність. Вони визначають потреби вчителя НУШ: оволодівати новими функціями які пов’язані зі зміною ролі вчителя; бути фасилітатором, тьютером, коучем в освітній діяльності; бути наставником, який готовий ділитися з учнем власним досвідом; бути новатором, використовувати новітні технології та сучасні практики в навчанні учнів; орієнтуватися в інформаційному освітньому просторі. Професійний розвиток вчителя, як відомо, здійснюється у системі формальної, неформальної та інформальної післядипломної освіти. Доведено, що прагнення до самовдосконалення, самоосвіта є важливими чинниками професійного зростання вчителя, забезпечує розвиток його творчих можливостей, пізнавальних інтересів та формування творчої індивідуальності.Ключові слова: вчитель; професійний розвиток вчителя; Концепція Нової української школи; функції вчителя; освітня діяльність; самоосвіта вчителя.
ЗМІСТ І СУТНІСТЬ ПРОФОРІЄНТАЦІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ВИКЛАДАЧА ЗАКЛАДУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Шакун Наталія , Буцик Ігор
Published: January 2022

В оглядовій статті розглядається проблема визначення змісту та сутності профорієнтаційної компетентності викладача закладу вищої освіти в контексті підготовки його до здійснення профорієнтаційної роботи, передбаченими професійними завданнями щодо залучення абітурієнтів до вступу. Виділено потребу та основні завдання профорієнтаційної діяльності викладача закладу вищої освіти з орієнтирами на професійний стандарт.У результаті проведеного авторами аналізу наукових праць виокремлено загальні характерні складові профорієнтаційної компетентності, що дозволило її розглядати як інтегровану якість особистості, об’єднану готовністю й здатністю до здійснення цілеспрямованої профорієнтаційної діяльності з майбутніми вступниками на основі попередньо сформованих знань, умінь, навичок, якостей, інтересів і цінностей.Авторами публікації пропонуються узагальнені результати аналізу наукових поглядів у даному напрямі, на основі чого виокремлено у змісті профорієнтаційної компетентності викладача закладу вищої освіти інтегровані компоненти (когнітивний, мотиваційно-ціннісний, діяльнісний та особистісно-рефлексивний), які характеризуються сформованістю знань, умінь, навичок та якостей особистості, які покладено в основу ефективної профорієнтаційної роботи. У результаті проведеного дослідження авторами уточнено сутність поняття «профорієнтаційна компетентність викладача закладу вищої освіти».Ключові слова: компетентність; профорієнтаційна діяльність; профорієнтаційна компетентність; викладач закладу вищої освіти; здатність особистості.