bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TENTANG PENYAKIT HIV/AIDS PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI DI SMK NEGERI 1 DENPASAR
Authors: Kholifah Nur Chairunnisa , I Wayan Suanda , Anak Agung Istri Mirah Dharmadewi
Published: October 2023

Abstrak. AIDS merupakan akronim dalam Bahasa Inggris, yaitu Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Sindrom Defisiensi Imun Dapatan), adalah satu kumpulan gejala yang ditimbulkan oleh virus HIV atau Human Immunodeficiency Virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia yang mengakibatkan turunnya atau hilangnya daya tahan tubuh sehingga mudah terjangkit penyakit infeksi. Kenyataannya pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS dikalangan remaja masih tidak cukup. Kurangnya minat mereka dalam menggali informasi karena dianggap masih tabu dan memalukan jika membahas perilaku seks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan sikap tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS pada peserta didik kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Denpasar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 100 responden (peserta didik kelas XI). Data yang dikumpulkan merupakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui angket. Data yang diperoleh melalui teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan bantuan software SPSS versi 29.00 for windows. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh pengetahuan tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS pada peserta didik kelas XI di SMK Negeri 1 Denpasar menunjukkan bahwa dari 100 responden terdapat 70 orang (70%) memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, 29 orang (29%) pengetahuan yang cukup dan 1 orang (1%) pengetahuan kurang. Pada variabel sikap menunjukkan hasil dari 100 orang, sebanyak 96 orang (96%) memiliki sikap positif dan 4 orang (4%) memiliki sikap negatif tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS pada peserta didik kelas XI termasuk baik dan sikap tentang pencegahan penyakit HIV/AIDS peserta didik kelas XI di SMK Negeri 1 Denpasar termasuk positif.
UNA VISTA AL PASADO FERROVIARIO DE SANTA MARTA
Authors: Soto Villa Edgar
Published: October 2023

Desde un principio la ciudad de Santa Marta había venido sufriendo por la falta de oportunidad económica y de expansión gracias a sus contrapartes Barranquilla y Cartagena en lo referente a puertos y movilización de carga. Es gracias a esto que a finales de siglo XIX se comienzan a trazar nueva idea para el desarrollo urbano e industrial en aras para consolidarse una vez más poco puerto importante del caribe colombiano. Es gracias a los informes generados que se tomaron en cuenta los pueblos aledaños de dicha ciudad que se encontró que la producción agrícola de banano y caña de azúcar darían un empuje económico a la región, por lo que se enfocó en la construcción del ferrocarril de Santa Marta para el transporte de dichos productos y su exportación a otros países a través del puerto de Santa Marta, también conllevo a la movilización de ciudadanos dentro del departamento para de esta forma uniendo los pueblos separados por largos trayectos en vehículos de tracción animal en cortos tiempo gracias a los trenes.
Effects of Nigella Sativa and Syzygium Cumini Seed Extracts on Blood Glucose Levels in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Tufael  , Sayed Eqramul Hasan  , Arafath Jubayer  , Khurshida  Akter  , Afsana  Akter  , Fatema  Akter  , Sarder Abdulla Al Shiam  , Atiqur Rahman Sunny
Published: October 2023

A Swiss Albino mouse model was used to study the effects of two species that are common in Bangladesh: Nigella Sativa L. and Syzygium Cumini L. The trial looked at how a blend of methanol extracts from Syzygium Cumini L. and Nigella Sativa L. affected blood sugar levels using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). 40 overnight starved mice were divided into eight groups with a 4:1 male to female ratio. After 120 minutes of glucose injection, blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometric method. However, the mean values of the samples that were only treated with high doses of Syzygium Cumini L. (Group 1) and Nigella Sativa L. (Group 2) were 3.92 mmol/l and 3.8 mmol/l, respectively. Group-5 low dose (50 mg/kg) treated mean value was 4.02 mmol/l, group-6 moderate dose (100 mg/kg) treated mean value was 3.7 mmol/l, group-7 poly medium dose (200 mg/kg) treated mean value was 3.38 mmol/l, and group-8 poly high dose (400 mg/kg) treated mean value was 3.12 mmol/l where combined extract formulations were used. The combined formulation of the methanol extract of Nigella Sativa L. (Seed) and Syzygium Cumini L. (Seed) possesses significant oral hypoglycemic activity at different time intervals in the cases when compared to Control mean value, showing that all doses given significantly reduced blood sugar level
Firm Characteristics and Financial Distress among Manufacturing Firms Listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange Kenya
Authors: Issak Samow Yunis , Oluoch Dr. Oluoch Josephat
Published: October 2023

Businesses including companies listed on stock markets strive to predict financial distress to ensure they manage the factors that could potentially lead to such distress. It is however not clear how the various factors affect financial distress particularly firm size; firm activity levels; firm financial leverage; and profitability given that these are some of the biggest determinants of the financial condition of a business. The lack of clarity results from the fact that there are numerous models of financial distress with each providing varying factors some often contradicting each other. It is therefore critical to evaluate how these affects financial distress among manufacturing firms listed at Nairobi Security Exchange (NSE). This study aims to evaluate how firm size, turnover, leverage and profitability influence financial distress as measured by the B-Ratio. This census survey with a population of 13 companies covers the period 2013 to 2022. Three companies however did not meet the data criteria and were therefore excluded from the analysis. This left 100 firm-year observations. The study utilized four theories of financial distress that include neoclassical theory of investment; liquidity preference theory; pecking order theory; and Wreckers theory of financial distress. The study used panel regression analysis to test the hypotheses that firm size, turnover, leverage and profitability have no significant influence on financial distress. Hausman model specification test revealed that the fixed effects panel regression model was the most appropriate for analysis and it was subsequently used in arriving at the inferential findings. T-test and p-value at 95% confidence interval were used in hypotheses testing. All the four hypotheses set for the study were rejected and it was concluded that size, activity, leverage and financial performance are significant determinants of financial distress. The findings reveal that whereas firm size (as shown by firm capitalization ratio), firm activity level (as shown by total asset turnover) and firm profitability (as shown by return on equity) all had a negative effect on B-ratio, financial leverage had a direct positive effect on financial distress. The study was limited to the 10 qualifying companies at the NSE and has suggested that similar studies could be expanded to non-listed companies, listed nonmanufacturing companies as well as with the use of different models such as hazard models.
Analysis of the Trajectory of Free-throws
Authors: CHIH-YUAN CHANG
Published: October 2023

This research paper delves into the intricate realm of free-throw shooting in basketball, combining advanced dataanalytics and artificial intelligence to dissect the trajectory of human-generated free-throws and induce the theoretically“perfect shot” by AI. This study aims to introduce the sport of basketball, provide valuable insights into the science ofbasketball shooting, and ultimately contribute to developing the skill of free-throw shooting. I used a real-life exampleof a free-throw shot to achieve this goal. Using the model, I molded a horizontal and vertical distance-time graph onthe coordinate plane to estimate the velocity at each second. By utilizing some physics kinematics, I was able to drawa free-body diagram of the basketball in motion and analyze the possible factors affecting its trajectory. Finally, as allmy research points toward the same goal, I hope to mathematically optimize the perfect trajectory to maximize thelikelihood of a perfect shot by an AI.
How to Better Explain and Develop Evolution Today
Authors: Gou1 Zehua
Published: October 2023

Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on evolution. An essential discipline gradually formed called evolutionary developmental biology, or evo-devo combines the principles of evolutionary biology and developmental biology to investigate the genetic and environmental factors that affect the development of organisms and how these elements affect evolutionary change. In this discipline, evolution can be explained by genetics, cell biology, and developmental biology. These fields provide crucial insights into how genetic variation, cellular processes, and developmental mechanisms contribute to population changes over time. With the popularity of emerging information technologies such as mobile Internet and big data, the global digital economy is booming. The development of gene sequencing technology has led to the rapid growth of genomic data, and the combination of large-scale genomics, metabolomics, and functional research systems, known as “big data” and bioinformatics, has brought about a “technological revolution” in evolutionary research. Therefore, enhancing the interconnection between scientific research in various fields is extremely necessary and will be effective.
Is it in the interest of justice to extract a confession under torture?
Authors: Wang Zaizai
Published: October 2023

During Kuromiya’s annexation by Russia, freelance journalist Esipenko told the court that he would be tortured with electric shocks, beaten, and threatened with death unless he admitted to spying on behalf of Ukraine. (RFE/RL’s Crimea. Realities, 2021) This action stimulated public discontent and thinking about the justice system. How can society reform a coercive system and move toward a criminal justice system that is logical, and compassionate? The use of torture to get confessions has also been a subject of ongoing debate within this problem.
The relationship between the status of female rights and economic growth in developing countries and how policymakers can help
Authors: Qiang Linqi
Published: October 2023

Globally speaking, the social status of women is relatively low, especially in developing countries. Women face higher barriers than men to attending education, entering the job market, gaining equal wages, and becoming entrepreneurs. As essential economic participants, the status of female rights directly impacts the economy’s growth and should have more attention paid to them. This essay investigates this issue with a particular focus on developing countries, given that the situation is worse for women there, and any changes made to improve the situation will have a more significant impact on economic development. This paper uses economic theories to examine how female rights status affects economic development from three perspectives: education level, entrepreneurship, and the gender pay gap. The education level of females influences the participation rate, employment rate, and earnings, all contributing to economic growth. The female social status affects the difficulty of becoming an entrepreneur, and entrepreneurship creates more job opportunities, increases investment, and stimulates innovations. The gender pay gap would negatively impact the economy because it discourages females from entering the job market and investing in education. Moreover, this paper also looks into various policies in place to address such inequalities and provides a brief evaluation of their implementation. In conclusion, all three points related to female rights are critical, and the government should put more effort into addressing gender inequalities to protect an economy’s future economic development.
Behavioral Economics
Authors: Zhang Yuge
Published: October 2023

This study explores the complicated phenomenon of decision-making framing bias, shedding light on its cognitive roots, real-world implications, and countermeasures. By investigating the interaction between emotional sensitivity and objective judgment, the study illustrates the influence of framing bias on decisions. The essay demonstrates how shifting the framing can impact how something is valued using principles from Prospect Theory. This prejudice is seen in consumer decisions, public policy discussions, and media coverage. Even with education and awareness, it can be challenging to counteract framing bias in a subjective, unconscious, and media-rich environment. In doing so, it sheds light on the complex web of human decision-making and suggests potential future research routes to better understand neurological processes and design focused therapies.
Social Conformity and Universal across cultures
Authors: Xue Zimo
Published: October 2023

The development of social psychology presents a complex situation, and behind many current social phenomena, there are shadows of basic sociological concepts and theories. This article is based on understanding the basic concepts of sociology, starting with research experiments on social conformity psychology by multiple sociologists. In response to existing social phenomena in life, it analyzes the underlying sociological principles: the main factors that affect social conformity and the possible consequences of conformity. And the cross-cultural research on the phenomenon of social conformity. This article better reveals the development causes of social conformity and the degree of conformity in different cultures, providing a theoretical basis for us to better understand certain social phenomena.
Similarity Measure of Plithogenic Cubic Vague Sets: Examples and Possibilities
Authors: Anitha S. , Shalini A. Francina
Published: October 2023

The crisp, fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, and neutrosophic sets are the extension of the plithogenic set, in which elements are characterized by the number of attributes and each attribute can assume many values. To achieve more accuracy and precise exclusion, a contradiction or dissimilarity degree is specified between each attribute and the values of the dominating attribute. A plithogenic cubic vague set is a combination of a plithogenic cubic set and a vague set. The key tool for resolving problems with pattern recognition and clustering analysis is the similarity measure. In this research, we characterize and investigate the similarities between two Plithogenic Cubic Vague sets (PCVSs) for (z≡F), (z≡IF) and (z≡N). Also, examples are given to examine similarities in the pattern recognition application problems.
O CRIME DE GENOCÍDIO, SUA CAMINHADA ATÉ A TIPIFICAÇÃO, SEU POSSÍVEL FUTURO E A (D)EFICIÊNCIA GLOBAL NA ATUAÇÃO PREVENTIVA
Authors: Pereira Jefferson Costa Vilela
Published: October 2023

O presente trabalho busca demonstrar o crime de genocídio, trazendo seus elementos históricos, sobretudo a dificuldade de levar o novo tipo ao mundo jurídico, após exitoso, sua evolução dentro do ordenamento jurídico após um tratado internacional e seu ingresso no ordenamento brasileiro. Ainda, ficarão demonstrados fatos históricos ocorridos, principalmente no Brasil e que são pouco desconhecidos, seus descasos junto ao poder judiciário e a pouca punição, ou nenhuma. Ainda, por fim, será levantada uma questão quanto a fragilidade da atuação preventiva de todo o globo, evitando que ocorram grandes crimes dessa natureza, muito embora possua aparato para isso.
The Use of Personal Pronoun in Political Discourse: A Case Study of the Final 2016 United States Presidential Election Debate
Authors: Kaewrungruang Kunyaluck , Yaoharee Ornkanya
Published: October 2023

This study aims to investigate the use of personal pronouns in political speeches made by Donald Trump and Hilary Clinton in the 2016 US Presidential Election Debates. The focus is on uses of the first personal pronouns 'we' and 'I' as strategies to express persuasive messages and political ideologies especially the inclusion and exclusion of the participants’ 'self' and 'group’ reference. The data were selected from the TV broadcasted American Presidential Debate between Mr. Donald Trump and Mrs. Hillary Clinton on October 19, 2016. Textual and discourse analysis were adopted in order to examine in what context each first personal pronoun was used in the speeches. The findings reveal that the occurrences of the pronouns 'we' and 'I' in the speeches of both participants’ diﬀer and the uses of each pronoun in certain contexts also diﬀer significantly. The diﬀerent pronominal choices in diﬀerent contexts in the debates express diﬀerences in the persuasive strategies and political ideologies of the two candidates.
Language and Leadership: Key Linguistic Attributes and Devices Reflecting Charismatic Leadership of King Rama IX of Thailand *Featured Article*
Authors: Rungrojsuwan Sorabud
Published: October 2023

Effective communication is one of the most important factors bringing about people’s confidence in the information and its source. Most charismatic leaders employ some particular rhetorical devices to gain people’s trust with the ultimate goal of bringing peace and prosperity to the nation. The present study aimed at extracting some linguistic devices and attributes in relation to roles of leaders from speeches delivered by King Rama IX—one of the most significant and respectful leaders of Thailand. Data were speeches of HM the King given from 1974 to 1999 on the occasion of the royal birthday anniversaries. Qualitatively, types of attributes and linguistic devices were proposed while frequencies of occurrences of devices, together with frequencies per 1,000-word text, were quantitatively reported. Results found that King Rama IX’s studied speeches comprised three attributes—[HUMBLENESS], [PERSUASIVENESS] AND [SOLIDARITY]—with eight major types of linguistic devices. The proposed attributes and devices were said to enhance confidence of Thai people on his leadership.
MANAJEMEN PERENCANAAN PESERTA DIDIK DI SMPIQU AL-BAHJAH CIREBON
Authors: Fizrih Gina Mukti , Ghadisti Manggi Meiyolly , Fatonaro Putri Muawaliyah
Published: October 2023

This research was conducted at SMPIQu Al-Bahjah Cirebon with the aim of describing the management of student planning that it implements. The research method used was qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study found that the management of learner planning carried out starts from analyzing the needs of students based on the number of registrants in the previous year, planning learner recruitment by forming a committee and disseminating information with a formal approach, selection planning which is carried out by involving religious exams and reading the Qur'an and involving the boarding school, orientation planning which is carried out jointly by introducing the school environment and boarding school, different placement planning between class VII and classes VIII and IX, as well as recording and reporting using a master book, attendance, and student achievement records. Learner planning management at SMPIQu Al-Bahjah is ideal according to existing theories and regulations and in several stages of learner planning, pesantren characteristics are inserted.
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM DARURAT PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI MAN I CIREBON
Authors: Nasir Ahmad
Published: October 2023

The Covid 19 Pandemic outbreak that hit Indonesia has paralyzed all sectors of life including education. Education managers are required to be creative and innovative to adapt to the changing environment.  The objectives of this study are to: (1) Know the emergency curriculum management planning during the Covid-19 pandemic at MAN 1 Cirebon, (2) Know the implementation of emergency curriculum management during the Covid-19 pandemic at MAN 1 Cirebon (3) Know the evaluation of emergency curriculum management during the Covid-19 pandemic at MAN 1 Cirebon. The scope of curriculum management includes curriculum planning, implementation, and evaluation. This research is qualitative research. Data collection was done through interviews, observation, and documentation. The subjects of this study were the head of the madrasah and educators. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model which consists of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Researchers used three management scopes as a tool to analyze curriculum implementation. The results of the study found that: First, Emergency Curriculum Planning at MAN 1 Cirebon has been running well, involving existing elements, coordinating with the deputy head of the institution, and making options in planning. However, it is still necessary to increase the competence of IT-related teachers in the form of training so that it supports the implementation of KBM well, on target, and not monotonous in learning. Second. Implementation of the emergency curriculum at MAN 1 Cirebon presents the learning process from the material, media, strategies, and evaluation of learning. Third. evaluation of the emergency curriculum at MAN 1 Cirebon conducts an evaluation by collecting data and finding solutions to problems.
Analisis Persepsi Wajib Pajak terhadap Penggunaan E-Filing
Authors: Ningrum Intan Putri Cahya , Hastuti Sri
Published: October 2023

The importance of tax revenue in the APBN encourages the Director General of Taxes to make efforts to increase tax revenues by increasing services in SPT reporting through the e-Filing application. Although the purpose of e-Filing is quite good, until now not all Taxpayers use it, because there are still many Taxpayers who do not understand e-Filing and the ability of Taxpayers to use e-Filing is still minimal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ease of use, security and confidentiality, and satisfaction of Taxpayers on the use of e-Filing. The type of research used is quantitative research. The object of the research is the Individual Taxpayer at KPP Pratama Surabaya Simokerto. The number of Individual Taxpayers registered at KPP Pratama Surabaya Simokerto in 2017 is 36,866 people. Sampling uses simple random sampling technique. The number of samples obtained was 100 people after being calculated using the Slovin formula. This study uses primary data with questionnaire media. The data analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that ease of use and security and confidentiality had no effect on the use of e-Filing, while the satisfaction of Taxpayers affected the use of e-Filing.
Moderating Effect of the Internet Understanding on the Relationship between the E-Filing and E-Billing with Individual Taxpayer Compliance
Authors: Anwar Saiful , Simanjutak Romundang Theresia
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine e-filing, e-billing, and understanding of the Internet as a moderating variable on taxpayer compliance registered at KPP Pratama Surabaya Genteng. The object of this research was an individual taxpayer registered at KPP Pratama Surabaya Genteng. This type of research is quantitative. The sampling technique used the incidental sampling method, and 100 individual taxpayers are responded. For data analysis, the researchers used WarpPLS 6.0. The conclusion of the study was e-filing and e-billing influence individual taxpayer compliance at KPP Pratama Surabaya Genteng. On the other hand, Internet understanding does not moderate the relationship between e-filing and e-billing towards individual taxpayer compliance at KPP Pratama Surabaya Genteng.
Marketing de relacionamento: proposta de implantação do plano tático de atração, fidelização e retenção de clientes em uma empresa de materiais de construção
Authors: Lima Felipe de Oliveira , Ferreira Igor de Souza , Pinto Rayelle Fernanda Alho , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Pinto Junior José Roberto Lira
Published: October 2023

O setor de materiais de construção é um segmento que, durante a pandemia gerou grandes mudanças no hábito do cliente, cujos consumidores possuem comportamentos muito identificou-se dificuldades  no processo de divulgação e mídia, pela própria ineexistencia de um plano estratégico que potencialize os objetivos claros de marketing e vendas, além do processo inadequado ou até mesmo, inexistente na empresa que identifique as dificuldades em atender seus clientes, nas suas necessidades não atendidas.. Posto isso, desenvolve-se a problemática, com o seguinte questionamento: Quais os impactos de um planejamento de marketing de relacionamento e pós-venda para qualificar a relação com o cliente? este estudo tem como objetivo geral de “Desenvolver  o plano de marketing de relacionamento e do marketing digital, como forma de melhoria para atração, fidelização e satisfação do cliente”.. Metodologicamente, este estudo, do ponto de vista de sua natureza identifica-se como de natureza aplicada, diante da abordagem quali-quantitativa, cuja pesquisa norteou para resultados reais da percepção dos gestores. A metodologia adotada neste estudo é de natureza aplicada, com abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, de cunho pesquisa exploratório, com características de estudo de caso e qualitativamente pesquisa de campo. Os meios de pesquisa é de pesquisa documental  e bibliográfica e os questionários foram realizados na fase preliminar como levantamentos, e, também, com entrevistas, questionários e observação direta. Posto isso, a empresa que se preocupa não apenas com a ampliação das vendas, mas atentar-se às percepções sobre necessidades intrínsecas do cliente. Isso significa atender o cliente muito além de oferta de produtos e serviços, fidelizar os clientes, fazendo com que estejam fidelizados e engajados a reconhecer e referenciar a empresa pela qualidade, comprometimento e estreitamento da relação com maior fidelidade.
Efficacy of Oral Doxycycline versus Intravenous Doxycycline for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Scrub Typhus in Children: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Varma BSK Chandra Deve , Dantuluri Vineela , Premamrutha Karri Sai Guru , Dabbadi Rajeev
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Orientia tsutsugamushi causes acute febrile illness known as scrub typhus, which is spread by the bite of the trombiculid mite. Doxycycline is the first-line treatment for clinically diagnosed cases of scrub typhus. If not diagnosed and treated early, it can lead to complications such as acute renal failure, meningoencephalitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and multiple organ failure. However, there have been no trials comparing the effectiveness of oral and Intravenous (i.v.) doxycycline for scrub typhus treatment. Aim: To assess the efficacy of intravenous versus oral doxycycline in managing uncomplicated scrub typhus. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional research was conducted in the Paediatrics Department at Maharajah’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Vizianagaram, India, from June 2021 to July 2022. Out of a total of 178 children diagnosed with scrub typhus during the study period, 102 children who received either oral or intravenous doxycycline as monotherapy were included. The primary outcome measures studied were the incidence of delayed defervescence and the time of defervescence. The t-test or Mann-Whitney test was applied for continuous data, and the Chi-square test or Fischer’s-exact test was used to compare dichotomous variables. Results: The mean age of children treated with oral doxycycline was 9.5±2.7 years and with i.v. doxycycline was 8.2±2.4 years. Among the 178 children diagnosed with scrub typhus, 102 (57.3%) children treated with doxycycline alone were included in the study. Out of these, 78 (76.4%) cases received oral doxycycline, while 28 (27.4%) cases received intravenous doxycycline. There was no statistically significant difference in the response rate between the two groups. The p-value for time to defervescence was 0.672, and the p-value for the incidence of delayed defervescence was 0.9845. Conclusion: Both oral and intravenous forms of doxycycline demonstrated similar efficacy in the treatment of scrub typhus. Nearly all children in both groups became afebrile within 72 hours after starting treatment.
A Simplified Technique to Treat Bimaxillary Protrusion using Micro-osteoperforation: A Case Report
Authors: Kathade Anjali Sudhakar , Rathi Shruti , Gilani Rizwan , Kamble Ranjit
Published: October 2023

In Asian population, bimaxillary protrusion is a prevalent malocclusion characterised by protruding and proclined upper and lower incisors, as well as increased lip procumbence. A 25-year-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of forwardly placed teeth and bimaxillary protrusion and required fixed mechanotherapy with all four 1st premolar extractions. The patient also desired that the treatment be completed in a short period of time. Since sliding or loop mechanics alone take longer to close extraction spaces, authors chose Micro-osteoperforation (MOP), a minimally invasive procedure used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. MOP involves drilling or perforating distal to the canine for en-mass retraction, causing the alveolar bone to release inflammatory cells that accelerate tooth movement. This non invasive technique was used for the treatment. The average rate of tooth movement in each quadrant was 1.7 mm per month. Taking the procedure into account, the patient reported no side-effects during or after drilling, but mild discomfort was felt. The entire space closure took four months. At the end of space closure, a Class I molar and canine relationship was preserved with normal overbite and overjet, with very minimal anchorage loss on the molars. An extraoral improvement in profile from convex to straight was seen. The treatment was completed within 14 months. The novelty of MOP includes faster treatment times and less discomfort during orthodontic treatment. However, like any medical procedure, MOP does carry some risks, such as infection or damage to surrounding teeth or gums. It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of MOP with your orthodontist before deciding whether to undergo the procedure.
Flaws in the Medicare Advantage Star Ratings
Authors: Meyers David J. , Trivedi Amal N. , Ryan Andrew M.
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint discusses the limitations of the Medicare Advantage star rating system in identifying Medicare Advantage plans that deliver high-quality care.
Advances and Challenges in Human 3D Solid Tumor Models
Authors: Natesh Naveen R. , Varghese Shyni
Published: January 2025

The field of cancer biology and therapeutics has soared in the past several decades with new therapeutic modalities and options for patients, such as chemoradiotherapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy. This dramatic success in expanding patient options is primarily attributed to the development of various model systems to elucidate drivers of oncogenesis, tumor maturation and evolution, and response to therapeutics. While mouse models have been a workhorse of cancer research, technological progress in ex vivo patient‐derived tumor models has afforded more tunable and scrutable systems for patient‐predictive platforms and mechanistic study. This review explores the technological innovations in 3D solid tumor models and their applicability to various aspects of cancer biology and the identification of therapeutics. Features of the tumor and tumor microenvironment like spatial heterogeneity, multicellular populations, and genomic variations are addressed and elaborated through the establishment of new in vitro models. The integration of perfusable vasculature with 3D tumor models and the potentially wide‐ranging applications of these more complex platforms in precision medicine and cancer immunotherapy are further addressed. Finally, an outlook on the future of experimental cancer models for both biological investigation and bench‐to‐bedside pipeline development is provided.
3D Mechanical Response Stem Cell Complex Repairs Spinal Cord Injury by Promoting Neurogenesis and Regulating Tissue Homeostasis
Authors: Jiu Jingwei , Liu Haifeng , Li Dijun , Li Xiaoke , Zhang Jing , Yan Lei , Fan Zijuan , Li Songyan , Du Guangyuan , Li Jiao Jiao , Wu Aimin , Liu Wei , Du Yanan , Zhao Bin , Wang Bin
Published: January 2025

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to acute tissue damage that disrupts the microenvironmental homeostasis of the spinal cord, inhibiting cell survival and function, and thereby undermining treatment efficacy. Traditional stem cell therapies have limited success in SCI, due to the difficulties in maintaining cell survival and inducing sustained differentiation into neural lineages. A new solution may arise from controlling the fate of stem cells by creating an appropriate mechanical microenvironment. In this study, mechanical response stem cell complex (MRSCC) is created as an innovative therapeutic strategy for SCI, utilizing 3D bioprinting technology and gelatin microcarriers (GM) loaded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). GM creates an optimal microenvironment for MSCs growth and paracrine activity. Meanwhile, 3D bioprinting allows accurate control of spatial pore architecture and mechanical characteristics of the cell construct to encourage neuroregeneration. The mechanical microenvironment created by MRSCC is found to activate the Piezo1 channel and prevent excessive nuclear translocation of YAP, thereby increasing neural‐related gene expression in MSCs. Transplanting MRSCC in rats with spinal cord injuries boosts sensory and motor recovery, reduces inflammation, and stimulates the regeneration of neurons and glial cells. The MRSCC offers a new tissue engineering solution that can promote spinal cord repair.
Design of Highly Selective and Sensitive Optical Sensor for Arsenic(III) Based on the Orientational Coupling Between L‐Cysteine and Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kim Hyein , Choi Yeongseon , Oh Kwang‐Suk , Im Jun‐Hyung , Kim Won‐Sik , Shah Asmita , Singh Dharmendra Pratap , Kim Young‐Ki
Published: January 2025

Water pollution by toxic arsenic compounds, As(III), has emerged as a global problem, because prolonged exposure causes serious health issues. Accordingly, it is critical to monitor As(III) in drinking water and food, but conventional techniques still require complex and costly instruments that are not affordable in third‐world countries where As(III) contamination is significant. To resolve this social issue, simple and generalizable principles for the design of As(III) sensors are proposed by integrating the selective binding of L‐cysteine (L‐cys) with As(III) into the unique ability of liquid crystals (LCs) to transduce stimuli into macroscopic optical signals. We revealed significant orientational coupling of L‐cys with LCs that can be modulated by the selective binding of L‐cys with As(III) at the LC‐aqueous interface. When decorated with both L‐cys and surfactants, the LC‐aqueous interface is subjected to competition between the L‐cys‐imposed tangential (bright state) and surfactant‐imposed homeotropic (dark state) anchoring of LCs. Consequently, the competitive intermolecular interactions offers the basis for a highly stable and versatile LC material that can selectively detect As(III) in water and also quantify its concentration from trace to high levels (1 ppb – 4 ppm) via distinct optical outputs within 2 min.
Quantum Dots Illuminating the Future of Greenhouse Agriculture
Authors: Khan Qasim , Wang Aiguo , Li Pandeng , Hu Jinguang
Published: January 2025

Greenhouse agriculture relies heavily on fossil fuels for indoor lighting, resulting in significant greenhouse gas emissions. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy, offers a sustainable solution. Solar energy, being clean and reliable, is ideal for agricultural greenhouses, reducing their dependency on conventional energy sources and lowering emissions. Recent studies have highlighted effective solar technologies for greenhouse integration. This article reviews the role of luminescent materials like quantum dots in optimizing light management. Quantum dots enhance solar energy absorption by converting ultraviolet radiation into visible photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), improving plant photosynthesis and growth conditions in controlled environments. Advancements in solar greenhouses focus on integrating technologies such as light‐to‐light conversion and photovoltaic (PV) systems. Quantum dots, as inorganic semiconductors, are particularly effective in greenhouse covers, converting high‐energy UV radiation into PAR and boosting productivity. Traditional PV modules on greenhouse structures can cause shading, negatively impacting crop growth. However, using bifacial PV modules based on Quantum dots, such as Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSCs), can enhance PAR inside greenhouses while capturing light at the edges to generate electricity for internal use, mitigating shading issues and enhancing efficiency.
Binding Selectivity of Inhibitors to BRD2 Uncovered by Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Bai Qiuxue , Wang Ruige , Qin Shili , Zhao Bing , Chen Lin
Published: January 2025

Bromodomain‐containing protein 2 (BRD2) plays a significant role in the development and progression of various diseases. Investigating the binding selectivity of the two bromodomains BD1 and BD2 of BRD2 (BRD2‐BD1 and BRD2‐BD2) with specific inhibitors can provide valuable insights for rational design of novel therapeutic drugs. Thus, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to evaluate the selective mechanisms of three BRD2 inhibitors, Spd16, BBC0403, and SJ1461, toward BRD2‐BD1 and BRD2‐BD2. Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM‐GBSA) and Solvation Interaction Energy (SIE) methods are further employed to analyze the interaction modes and compare the binding free energies of BRD2‐BD1 and BRD2‐BD2 with these inhibitors. Although these inhibitors exert different effects on the internal structures of BRD2‐BD1 and BRD2‐BD2, their interaction patterns with these two bromodomains are similar. Phe372, Leu381, Tyr386, and Cys425 play key roles in the interaction between BRD2‐BD2 and these three inhibitors, while Pro98, Leu108, Asn156, and Ile162 are the critical residues for the binding of BRD2‐BD1 with these inhibitors. Non‐polar interactions, particularly van der Waals interactions, serve as the primary driving force behind the binding of these inhibitors with BRD2‐BD1 and BRD2‐BD2. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for the rational design of novel BRD2 inhibitors.
Bridged‐Ring Structure Facilitating Ultrahigh Utilization of Active Sites in Organic Molecules for High‐Performance Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Xue Xinhao , Hu Lintong , Shi Minjie , Wang Shuotong , Yan Chao
Published: January 2025

Organic electrode materials have attracted extensive attention for their tunable properties, diverse structure, and environmental sustainability. However, the actual reported capacities are often significantly lower than the theoretical capacities. Here, 6‐cyano‐substituted triptycene‐fused quinacrizine (6CNTFQ) is synthesized, an organic imine molecule characterized by a bridged‐ring structure and extensive 3D π‐conjugated plane, as the negative electrode for aqueous batteries. 6CNTFQ exhibits an impressive capacity of 398 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 (0.25 C), demonstrating 88% of the theoretical capacity, and exhibits exceptional capacity stability over 10 000 cycles. The exceptional performance is a result of the presence of multiple accessible active sites, the conjugated planes within a 3D framework, and the robust bridged ring structure. During the discharge process, K+ preferentially binds to C≡N sites to form 6CNTFQ‐K, subsequently binding to the C═N site to produce 6CNTFQ‐12K. Ni(OH)2//6CNTFQ cells attain a maximum capacity of 190 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, demonstrating exceptional rate performance, remarkable cycle stability exceeding 10 000 cycles, and an energy density of 162 Wh kg−1. This work sheds light on the organic electrode materials featuring a 3D bridged‐ring structure and extended conjugated planes for aqueous batteries.
Impact of body mass index as a continuous variable on short‐ and long‐term outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer
Authors: Aiba Takayuki , Akagi Tomonori , Shiroshita Hidefumi , Nakajima Kentaro , Ohyama Tetsuji , Kinjo Tatsuya , Kanazawa Akiyoshi , Suzuki Nobuaki , Tokunaga Takuya , Yamamoto Manabu , Ichikawa Nobuki , Endo Shungo , Kojima Yutaka , Nakamura Takatoshi , Saito Shuji , Kagawa Yoshinori , Ohnuma Shinobu , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Naitoh Takeshi , Inomata Masafumi
Published: January 2025

Background

The impact of obesity on colon cancer remains unclear. Very few studies of colon cancer surgery have analyzed body mass index (BMI) as a continuous variable, with no such reports from Japan. This study examined the association between BMI as a continuous variable and short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for obese colon cancer patients.

Methods

Obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) patients who underwent laparoscopic radical surgery for Stage II/III colon cancer at 46 participating centers from 2009 to 2013 were included. Associations between short‐ and long‐term outcomes and BMI as a continuous variable were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression models.

Results

Among patients meeting the study criteria, 1036 were examined. BMI as a continuous variable correlated with log‐transformed operative time (regression coefficient: 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.012–0.028, p < 0.05) and blood loss (odds ratio: 1.089, 95% CI: 1.032–1.149, p < 0.05). There was no association between BMI continuous variables and 3‐year relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival. However, 3‐year RFS was possibly better in patients with BMI ≥28.5 kg/m2 versus those with BMI <28.5 kg/m2 (hazard ratio: 0.682, 95% CI: 0.462–1.008, p = 0.055).

Conclusions

This study showed that BMI as a continuous variable correlated with operative time and blood loss. RFS was possibly better in the severely obese patients (BMI ≥28.5 kg/m2), suggesting that the prognosis for highly obese colon cancer patients appears to follow the obesity paradox.
Maximal Fat Oxidation Rate in Healthy Young Adults. Influence of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level and Sex
Authors: Jaén‐Carrillo Diego , García‐Pinillos Felipe , Plaza‐Florido Abel , Riquelme‐Sebastián Leonardo , Fernández‐Navarrete Iván , Ruiz‐Alias Santiago A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the exercise intensity that provokes MFO (FATMAX) are inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy young sedentary adults. However, how both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level and sex influence MFO during exercise and the FATMAX is seldom analyzed.

Objectives

This study is aimed at determining the influence of CRF and sex on MFO.

Methods

Twenty healthy young adults (i.e., 12 men and 8 women) completed a graded treadmill protocol to determine MFO, MFO relative to lean mass (MFOlean), FATMAX and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max).

Results

The k‐means cluster analysis was used to divide the sample into two different groups for CRF level (56.54 ± 2.54 and 46.94 ± 3.07 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001, respectively). The high‐level group revealed higher MFO relative to lean mass (MFOlean) (3.34 ± 1.44 and 2.73 ± 0.87 g · min−1 · kg, p = 0.001, respectively), and FATMAX in km · h−1 (FATMAXv) (7.67 ± 0.90 and 7.00 ± 0.97 km · h−1, p = 0.044, respectively) but not for MFO (0.67 ± 0.19 and 0.71 ± 0.20 p = 0.124, respectively). When divided for sex, men exhibited higher values for MFO (0.76 ± 0.21 vs. 0.69 ± 0.19 g · min−1, p = 0.039) and FATMAXv (7.67 ± 0.96 vs. 7.30 ± 0.98 km · h−1, p = 0.036), while women showed higher values for MFOlean (3.92 ± 1.35 vs. 2.40 ± 0.46 g · min−1 · kg, p = 0.015).

Conclusion

This study highlights the significant influence of CRF level and sex on MFO and FATMAX, offering valuable insights for tailoring exercise programs and optimizing health and performance interventions.
In vivo toxic and lethal cardiorespiratory effects of a synthetic quaternary ammonium salt derivative of haloperidol in mice
Authors: Liao Jilin , Lu Binger , Yang Jinhua , Wang Xiaowan , Li Shuxian , Fu Hongbo , Gao Fenfei
Published: January 2025

Background

To investigate the toxicity of N‐n‐butyl haloperidol iodide (F2), a quaternary ammonium salt derivative of haloperidol, in mice for potential therapeutic purposes.

Methods

The acute median lethal dose (LD50) of F2 was determined using the Bliss method following intravenous administration in mice. Routine surface electrocardiograms (ECGs) and arterial blood pressures (aBPs) were recorded under general anesthesia in untreated and pharmacologically vagotomized mice injected with F2. Sublethal doses of F2 were tested for their effects on aBP, heart rate, and biochemical parameters such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum lactate levels. Histopathological changes in the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys were evaluated after F2 administration.

Results

The acute LD50 of F2 was determined to be 5.11 mg/kg. A 10 mg/kg dose of F2 caused severe hypotension, second‐degree atrioventricular block, progressive prolongation of Pmurr intervals, and death due to cardiac asystole. Similar ECG and aBP changes were observed in atropine‐pretreated mice, indicating that cholinergic effects do not play a major role in F2‐induced toxicity. Sublethal doses of F2 (1.2 and 2.4 mg/kg) caused dose‐dependent decreases in aBP and increases in heart rate. F2 induced significant, dose‐dependent increases in LDH, BUN, and serum lactate levels. Histopathological analysis revealed acute lung lesions at 10 mg/kg, with no significant changes observed in the heart, liver, or kidneys.

Conclusion

Acute intravenous injection of F2 exhibits dose‐dependent cardiopulmonary toxicity, characterized by severe hypotension, arrhythmias, and biochemical changes. These findings highlight the potential risks of F2 and the need for further evaluation of its safety profile for therapeutic use.
A novel model of central precocious puberty disease: Paternal MKRN3 gene–modified rabbit
Authors: Chen Bangzhu , Ye Xing , Chen Lihao , Liu Tianping , Li Guiling , Sa Chula , Li Juan , Liu Ke , Gu Weiwang , Wang Gang
Published: January 2025

Background

Makorin ring finger protein 3 gene (MKRN3) gene mutation is the most common genetic cause of central precocious puberty (CPP) in children. Due to the lack of ideal MKRN3‐modified animal model (MKRN3‐modified mice enter puberty only 4–5 days earlier than normal mice), the related research is limited.

Methods

Therefore, the MKRN3‐modified rabbit was developed using CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) gene editing technology. The genotype identification and phenotype evaluation of MKRN3‐modified rabbits were carried out.

Results

The first estrus of MKRN3‐modified female rabbits was observed ~27 days earlier than that of wild‐type female rabbits, with a typical CPP phenotype. This study found increased gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and decreased gonadotropin inhibiting hormone (GnIH) in the hypothalamus of the CPP rabbit model with MKRN3 gene mutation. Although this study failed to fully clarify the pathogenesis of CPP caused by MKRN3 mutation, it found some differentially expressed genes and potential pathways through transcriptome sequencing.

Conclusions

This study established a novel CPP model: paternal MKRN3 gene‐modified rabbit. It is hoped that the establishment of this model will help researchers better understand, treat, and prevent CPP in the future.