bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plebiscitary Agenda-Setting and Party Strategies
Authors: Müller Wolfgang C.
Published: March 2007

This article explores party strategies in situations where a plebiscitary instrument - the initiative - allows citizens to get a bill on the agenda of parliament. The initiative is a unique means for citizens and opposition parties to attract public attention to an issue both in its pre-parliamentary and parliamentary phases. This article identifies the requirements for an initiative to be successful in terms of building new electoral alliances. While the characteristics of the issue are crucial, the instrument of the initiative, as distinct from the issue itself, has the potential to have an impact on the processes of issue competition and opinion formation. The Austrian experiences make clear how the instrument of the initiative has an in-built advantage for the party employing it.
Risk Culture, Self-Reflexivity and the Making of Sexual Hierarchies
Authors: ADKINS LISA
Published: March 2007

Recent social and cultural theory has emphasized that in risk culture the achievement of a reflexive self-identity is a key resource, for example, in terms of employment, citizenship and intimacy. Commentators on shifts in the organization of health have also stressed the significance of achieving a self-reflexive identity. So, for example, knowing, self-monitoring subjects have emerged as optimal citizens in relation to health. While there is certainly some critical commentary on these kinds of moves, nevertheless reflexive sexual subjects in relation to health have received less critical attention. In this article, through an analysis of HIV antibody testing and, in particular, by looking at the making of reflexivity through the practice of testing, I consider the emergence of a heterosexuality defined in terms of reflexivity. In so doing I suggest that reflexivity should not be understood - as many commentators suggest - as an effect but rather as constitutive of risk culture.
Whores, Slaves and Stallions: Languages of Exploitation and Accommodation among Boxers
Authors: Wacquant LoÏc
Published: March 2007

This article draws on 35 months of ethnographic fieldwork and apprenticeship in a boxing gym located in Chicago's black ghetto to explicate how prizefighters apperceive and express the fact of being live commodities of flesh and blood, and how they practically reconcile themselves to ruthless exploitation in ways that enable them to maintain a sense of personal integrity and moral purpose. The boxer's experience of corporeal exploitation is expressed in three kindred idioms, those of prostitution, slavery and animal husbandry. The first likens the fighter-manager combo to the prostitute-pimp duo; the second depicts the ring as a plantation and promoters as latter-day slave masters; the third intimates that boxers are used in the manner of livestock. All three tropes simultaneously enounce and denounce the immoral marketing of disquiescent bodies. But this acute consciousness is neutralized by the doxic belief in the normalcy of exploitation, in the `agency' of corporeal entrepreneurship, and in the possibility of individual exceptionalism. This practical belief, inscribed in the bodily dispositions of the fighter, helps produce the collective misrecognition whereby boxers collude in their own commercialization.
Consuming Bodies: Cultural Fantasies of Ancient Egypt
Authors: MESKELL LYNN
Published: March 2007

This article explores the legacy of ancient Egypt in popular culture, from the 19th century onwards - through the theme of consumption. A range of media is covered including literature, film and performance. I argue that Egypt has been a constant mirror for contemporary culture in terms of the body, sexuality and the Orient. In the West, Egyptian bodies have always been consumed, literally or metaphorically and in the 1990s a commodified Egypt has to extend beyond normative sexuality. Thus, Egypt has to be queered and to illustrate this ultimate process of othering I consider the film, Stargate.
Marinetti, Chopin, Stelarc and the Auratic Intensities of the Postmodern Techno-Body
Authors: ZURBRUGG NICHOLAS
Published: March 2007

Postmodern culture is usually defined as an age of mechanical reproduction and mechanical degeneration characterized by the eradication of performative aura. This article argues that a crucial distinction should be made between the `anti-auratic' arguments of mainstream 20th-century cultural theory (discussed here in terms of the writings of Benjamin, Baudrillard and Virilio), and the regenerative auratic tradition in 20th-century avant-garde performance (discussed here in terms of the successive explorations of the multimediated body in the work of the Italian Futurist Marinetti, the French sound poet Henri Chopin and the Australian cybernetic body artist, Stelarc). If Baudrillard's and Virilio's most extreme hypotheses argue that postmodern technology reduces the body to the condition of the handicapped, Marinetti, Chopin and Stelarc all demonstrate how technological modifications of the body reinforce the impact of installation art and performance art exploring (and manifesting) individual identity. Significantly, the most interesting subtexts in Benjamin's, Baudrillard's and Virilio's arguments all qualify their accounts of the alleged `death' of aura, and in Baudrillard's case now emphasize the ways in which photography `rediscovers' aura.
Young Single White Mothers with Black Children in Therapy
Authors: Banks N. J.
Published: March 2007

This article describes the treatment of 16 single, white women aged 17-23 years with black mixed-parentage children within an integrative psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioural therapy model. Issues of loss, isolation and familial rejection are discussed. The mothers' abilities to cope with their children's ethnic identities in the context of absent fathers are examined, as are the mother-child relationships. Suggestions are made for enabling therapy.
The Pervasive Refusal Syndrome: Learned Helplessness and Hopelessness
Authors: Nunn Kenneth Patrick , Thompson Susan Lynne
Published: March 2007

The Pervasive Refusal Syndrome is a recently described syndrome of child psychiatric disorder. The theory of learned helplessness has an extensive research and treatment literature. We present the case of a 15-year-old girl with Pervasive Refusal Syndrome as an example of learned helplessness. The theory of learned helplessness is traced from its original descriptions to more recent formulations in which the behaviours of helplessness are linked to the loss of hope. The criteria of helplessness and the phenomenology of the Pervasive Refusal Syndrome are compared. The Pervasive Refusal Syndrome is a difficult condition to treat. The learned helplessness/hopelessness formulation provides a helpful theoretical paradigm within which to conceptualise phenomenology, aetiology and treatment.
Psychotherapy with Children who are Blind
Authors: Parmar Ranjana , Gingell Kate
Published: March 2007

Children with many different disorders are seen by therapists in Child Mental Health settings but those with sensory disabilities present rarely. Many child psychiatrists and psychologists are inexperienced in treatment of such children. We describe two children who are registered blind, and discuss the psychodynamic issues raised in treatment, the impact of their disability on their presentation and the progress in therapy
Individual Psychotherapy for Children in Foster Care: Possibilities and Limitations
Authors: Barrows Paul
Published: March 2007

This article gives an account of the conceptual framework informing the practice of child psychotherapy and its applicability to work with children in care. Case material is brought to illustrate the therapeutic potential of this approach, but also the limitations imposed by the need to ensure a sufficiently reliable setting for such a treatment. The consequences and the implications of the failure of that setting are discussed.
A Typical Children Followed-Up in Adolescence
Authors: Demb Howard B. , Papola Pamela , Rosenberg Robert , Plum Ellen
Published: March 2007

Five pre-school children with variability in the quality of their social relationships, unusual or abnormal speech and/or expressive language, and ritualistic or manneristic behaviors, were diagnosed as having an atypical pervasive developmental disorder. In order to study the natural history of this disorder these children were followed-up 10 years later. Four of the adolescents showed evidence of the persistence of social and communicative disorders consistent with a diagnosis of a pervasive developmental disorder (PDDNOS), while one was found to have a social phobia and the residual state of the PDDNOS. One of the PDD adolescents was actively psychotic. We find that young children diagnosed as having a pervasive developmental disorder with atypical features can have thinking disorders and/or poor reality testing which persists into adolescence, and can develop symptoms of childhood and adolescent schizophrenia. The overall cognitive functioning of young children diagnosed as having a pervasive developmental disorder with atypical features tends to be stable or perhaps even improve somewhat as they grow into adolescence. Parents are aware of, and can report, the presence of severe emotional and/or behavioral disturbance in such adolescents. The marked similarities in symptomatology, clinical course, and treatment histories, between this group and a group of adolescents who were not diagnosed as having a PDD until adolescence, suggests that there may be an underreporting or underdiagnosis of young children with pervasive developmental disorders.
The Journey of a Group: Dramatherapy for Adolescents with Eating Disorders
Authors: Wurr Catherine , Pope-Carter Julie
Published: March 2007

Dramatherapy has been used in group therapy for adults with eating disorders with some success. We describe how we adapted the structure of one such group for adolescents with eating disorders. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of dramatherapy techniques in this client group are discussed.
Assessing Beliefs about 'Environmental Illness/Multiple Chemical Sensitivity'
Authors: Gomez Rebecca L. , Schvaneveldt Roger W. , Staudenmayer Herman
Published: March 2007

Knowledge representation was used to characterize beliefs in patients with Environmental Illness/Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (EI/MCS). EI/MCS patients, allergy and asthma patients, doctors and controls made relatedness judgments on concepts relevant to EI/MCS. Associative networks showed that EI/MCS patients viewed these concepts differently from others. Multiple chemical exposure was central in EI/ MCS networks, with many links to every other concept, but was only peripherally connected in the other subject networks. Similarity comparisons to an EI/MCS prototype network discriminated EI/MCS patients from the other control populations, as did an index based on critical concept pairs. This approach shows promise for distinguishing patient groups using belief structure.
Understanding Life's Lottery
Authors: Hallowell Nina , Richards Martin P.M.
Published: March 2007

This article reviews studies of risk awareness of carriers of genetic disorders and individuals who attend genetic counselling. It focuses upon investigations of recall of risk estimates following counselling. Six factors are discussed which may influence individuals' recall of genetic risk estimates. These include: mode of genetic transmission, counsellees' reproductive behaviour or intentions, time delay between counselling and data collection, prior familiarity with the disorder, subjective perceptions of risk, and the way that risk information is presented during counselling. It is argued that using counsellees' recall of genetic risk estimates as a measure of the effectiveness of counselling is problematic, both at a methodological and conceptual level. It is suggested that assessments of the effectiveness of genetic counselling must involve an approach which conceptualizes counselling as a dynamic process in which both counsellee and counsellor have active roles to play.
The Effects of the Safe-sun Program on Patrons' and Lifeguards' Skin Cancer Risk-reduction Behaviors at Swimming Pools
Authors: Winett Richard A. , Cleaveland Bonnie L. , Tate Deborah F. , Lombard David N. , Lombard Tamara N. , Russ Christine R. , Galper Daniel
Published: March 2007

The 'Safe Sun' program had the goal of increasing patrons' and lifeguards' skin-protective behaviors and involved informational, prompting, feedback and goal-setting and incentive components coupled with pool lifeguards modeling protective behaviors such as wearing shirts, hats and sunglasses or staying in shaded areas. During two phases of a project involving 27 pools, it was found that while the program increased patrons' and lifeguards' protective behaviors, the largest changes were found at one pool where lifeguards were required to participate in the program. Patrons' protective behaviors at this pool increased from 30.7 percent to 52 percent, and lifeguards' protective behaviors increased from 40.8 percent to 95.7 percent. Social marketing, environmental change and institutionalization processes are needed to make skin-cancer prevention programs more effective.
Modality of Communication and Recall of Health-related Information
Authors: Corston Rod , Colman Andrew M.
Published: March 2007

A health warning was presented to 89 female and 19 male students aged 17-36 years via three modalities or channels of communication: a 'talking head' (video), an audiotape recording (audio) or a printed transcript (print). The verbal content of the message was identical in all three conditions. Participants' free recall, cued recall (recognition) and global recall of the message were then measured. On two separate dependent measures and a combined measure, recall was significantly ( p < .005) better in both the audio and print conditions than in the video condition. No significant differences in recall were found between the audio and print conditions. These results, and those of earlier studies of modality effects on recall of information, are discussed in terms of self-pacing and distraction theories.
Empowerment in the Practice of Making and Inhabiting
Authors: Xing Ruan
Published: March 2007

The Dong is one of the 55 officially recognized ethnic groups in China. Although its history can be traced back thousands of years, Dong culture is essentially non-textualized. It takes forms in 'images', such as music, per formance, textiles, social customs, rituals and, most importantly, architec ture. In the practice of making and inhabiting their architecture, such as 'wind-and-rain bridges' and 'drum towers', the Dong have been able to stra tegically and inventively react to the historical and political constructions, particularly in the mode of textualization and colonization, form the Han Chinese and other ethnic groups and to survive and enhance their cultural ethnicity in the process of cultural reconstruction.
Categorical Approaches to the Diagnosis of Autism
Authors: Volkmar Fred R.
Published: March 2007

Although autism was first reported in 1943 nearly 40 years elapsed before the disorder was included as an official diagnosis in the American (DSM) classification system. In the last two decades guidelines for the diagnosis of this, and related, conditions have evolved based on a growing body of research. An important recent development has been the convergence of the American (DSM) and International (ICD) diagnostic systems. Although these two official systems differ somewhat in format and intended use, the advent of consistent approaches to the diagnosis of autism will facilitate both research and clinical service. Data that have informed the development of these systems are reviewed and areas of continuing controversy are noted.
Is There Really a Link Between Engineering and Autism?
Authors: Jarrold Christopher , Routh David A.
Published: March 2007

Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Scott, Bolton and Goodyear (1997) found that engineering was over-represented as an occupation among fathers of individuals with autism, in comparison to fathers of non-autistic individuals. We present further analyses of their data which suggest that while engineering is indeed more common than would be expected, so too are the occupations of medicine, science, and accounting. In addition, skilled and unskilled manual workers are less common as fathers than would be predicted. Moreover, our analyses indicate that accountancy and science may be as strongly associated with fathers of individuals with autism as is engineering. These results could be seen as being consistent with a link between parental occupation and incidence of autism. However, we also consider whether they might arise from a sampling bias, with generally 'less-professional' occupations being under-represented among Baron-Cohen and colleagues' sample.
Social Defence and International Reconstruction:
Authors: WALTERS REECE
Published: March 2007

This article examines the technocratic priorities of criminological discourse following the Second World War. In doing so, it charts the role and influence of the United Nations and the doctrine of social defence, and traces those shifts and events that have forged a nexus between criminological endeavour and processes of governance. This article aims to illustrate that social defence and international reconstruction provide a useful framework for understanding the links between power/knowledge and the pragmatic orientations of criminological scholarship.
Masculinities and Crimes Against the Environment
Authors: GROOMBRIDGE NIC
Published: March 2007

This article argues from a green perspective that criminology has failed adequately to address either the environment or masculinities. It explores elements of `car culture' such as `joyriding' and `road rage' as well as protests against road-building and the car. Using methods drawn from cultural studies and Sumner's concept of censure, it seeks a more holistic criminology and crime policy.
Modes of Practice and Models of Science in Medicine
Authors: Dew Kevin
Published: March 2007

The medical profession in many industrialized nations has increasingly been subjected to accountability measures, most notably through the development of quality assurance programmes for practitioners. In New Zealand this development has been enshrined in law under the Medical Practitioners Act 1995. This article looks at some of the concerns raised by these developments, particularly focusing on the ways this might affect practitioners using alternative therapies. From an examination of the debates around accountability in medical practice, and interviews with practitioners who use alternative therapy, three models of medical practice are proposed. These models suggest that medical practices reflect worldviews that revolve around the way relationships between the medical profession, the practitioner, the patient and the patient’s condition are perceived.
Inconspicuous Anomalies: Alexithymia and Ethical Relations to the Self
Authors: Greco Monica
Published: March 2007

This article uses the analysis and discussion of the ‘alexithymia construct’ to approach the question of how we might think about the relationship between ethics and illness. After a brief introduction to the construct, its paradigmatic potential within the broader context of psychosomatic medicine is discussed. The article then elaborates on the sociocultural specificity of alexithymia, both as a construct and as a mode of being, to argue that central to this construct is the cultural value ascribed to the notion of an ‘authentic self’. The implications of the alexithymia construct are then examined in the vocabulary of narrative approaches to self and illness. The construct may be regarded as an expert meta-narrative on the relative value of different self-narratives in relation to the possibility of disease. As a result, the ethical responsibilities associated both with narrative and with illness become expanded and transformed.
Publicity Traps: Television Talk Shows and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Visibility
Authors: Gamson Joshua
Published: March 2007

The article examines daytime talk shows in the USA where non-conforming genders and sexualities have been public for more than two decades. Using interviews, focus group, video and transcript data, the paper highlights three political issues. First, the shows make transparent a class division within gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered communities. Second, the shows encourage a `rowdy outrageousness' which intensifies animosities between populations (e.g. between gays and bisexuality). Finally, the shows trigger battles over public space. The author concludes that talk shows encourage viewers to separate `bad' sexualities from `good' ones, and to link the appearance of sexual non-conformists to inappropriate uses of public space.
The Villagers’Reactions Towards Craziness: An Indonesian Example
Authors: Broch Harald Beyer
Published: March 2007

This article is a descriptive, person-centered ethnographic account of how villagers on a remote, small Indonesian island responded to and interpreted the behavior of a young man they labeled insane. Many local efforts to diagnose the illness, strategies for treatment and the prognosis for recovery were contested among the islanders. The villagers and the mentally ill person alike adhered to culturally prescribed models when they interacted and when they sought to assess what was happening. Although observable traits of severe malfunctioning show a wide cross-cultural distribution, cultural models and practices shape the social response to psychotic behavior.
Nebi-Musa: A Therapeutic Communuity for Drug Addicts in a Muslim Context
Authors: Al-Krenawi Alean , Graham John R.
Published: March 2007

'Maqam Al-Nebi Musa' an eight-centuries old Muslim religious site located between Jerusalem and Jericho, is analyzed as a drug rehabilitation therapeutic community (TC). Male recovering addicts visit the site for upwards of 6 months, and follow a five-stage therapeutic program. The TC was initiated by, and is led by, five Sufi mystics, themselves former addicts. Its therapeutic significance is analyzed in the context of Muslim religious teaching and rituals, traditional Arab culture, and community and familial support systems.
Review : A right to parenthood
Authors: Bartlam Bernadette , Birch Susan
Published: March 2007

■ Many people regard parenthood as a 'right' to which they are entitled; this right is open to debate
Coping with loss: the development and evaluation of a children's bereavement project
Authors: Williams Jan , Chaloner Judith , Bean Dorothy , Tyler Sheila
Published: March 2007

■ The 'Kingfisher Project' is a community-based programme of support groups for bereaved children

■ It has been developed by a multi-disciplinary group of workers from health, education, social services and the voluntary sector

■ Thirty-six children and young people have have been through the first five groups of the programme

■ Children accessing the service are predominantly those at high risk of developing longer-term problems as a result of bereavement

■ Evaluation indicates that the children and young people benefit in terms of increased social, behavioural, emotional and physical well-being

■ Two sub-groups appear to have benefited less: these are children and young people with learning difficulties, and teenage girls

■ Project evaluation has enabled workers to develop insights into the programme's strengths and weaknesses and has raised questions which merit further exploration
Review : Partnership: what does it mean today?
Authors: Lee Polly
Published: March 2007

■ Concept analysis is a useful exercise to ensure that professionals ascribe the same meaning to a concept.

■ Concept analysis may be undertaken using various methods.

■ Partnership in care has similarities to family- centred care and participation in care.

■ Negotiation, equality of care between parents and nurses, and the involvement of families in care are essential to providing partnership.
Stuart Hall and the antinomian tradition
Authors: Rojek Chris
Published: March 2007

Stuart Hall has always insisted that the main theoretical influences on his thought flow from the continent, notably Marxism and Gramscianism. This paper argues that there are pitfalls in taking Hall at face value. Hall's education in Jamaica bore the stamp of the British public school system. This was reinforced by his early educational experience in the UK as a Rhodes scholar. Despite his much mooted internationalism, the focus of his work has always been British culture and British experience. This paper draws parallels between Hall's work and the antinomian tradition in British history. This tradition speaks for 'another Britain' - an imaginary country unrecognized or spurned by the establishment. Hall may not belong to this tradition, but ignoring its influence exaggerates the singularity of his socio-political approach. Hall's considerable achievements must not be allowed to obscure the continuities between his work and deep-rooted themes in British cultural criticism.
Reinventing Hong Kong
Authors: Ma Eric Kit-wai
Published: March 2007

This paper probes the processes by which commercial television has become an important site for reinventing Hong Kong identity at a key moment of political transition. Analysis foregrounds the complex interplay of local, national and global forces that are transforming Hong Kong media and the popular histories they produce. Of primary importance is how these forces shape collective memories and refigure popular imagination of membership in the Chinese nation-state. The concepts of 'overdetermination' and 'fuzzy' production process are applied to examine the political economy of mediated history. A specific television program, 'Hong Kong Legend', is used to chart the contours of these interactions and to interrogate the role that television is playing in the resinicization of Hong Kong.
On the Virtues of Assuming Minimal Differences in Information Processing in Individuals and Groups
Authors: Kerr Norbert L. , Niedermeier Keith E. , Kaplan Martin F.
Published: March 2007

The metaphor of groups as information processors has been gaining in popularity. If this metaphor’s utility is to be fully exploited, it is first necessary to distinguish - conceptually, theoretically, and empirically - when and how information processing in groups is any different from information processing in individuals. In this paper, several varieties or levels of group information processing are first conceptually distinguished. It is argued that differences between individual and group information processing which are manifest in differences between individual and group output are of greatest interest. However, it is further argued that such individual-group differences in output are not unfailing indicators of such interesting differences in processing. Two empirical illustrations are provided. It is further argued that (a) predictive models assuming little or no individual-group difference in information processing are particularly useful for detecting genuine instances of distinctive group information processing, and (b) that social combination models (such as Davis’ social decision scheme model, 1973) provide one particularly useful class of such models.
Communication and Commitment in Organizations: A Social Identity Approach
Authors: Postmes Tom , Tanis Martin , de Wit Boudewijn
Published: March 2007

Results of two studies show that horizontal communications (informal, with proximate colleagues, of socio-emotional content) are less strongly related to levels of commitment at both organizational and unit level, than are vertical communications (strategic information and communication with management). In addition, it was shown that vertical communication from senior management predicts organizational commitment best, whereas commitment with the unit is predicted better by vertical communication at that level. Results are inconsistent with approaches to commitment in organizations and teams that assume commitment stems from interpersonal relations, but more consistent with approaches to organizational commitment based on a social identity approach which tend to focus on social-level antecedents of commitment and identification.
Intergroup Affect and Social Judgment: Feelings as Inadmissible Information
Authors: Moreno Kristen N. , Bodenhausen Galen V.
Published: March 2007

Affective states can influence evaluative judgments by serving as a source of information in the judgment process. Stigmatized minority groups often elicit negative affective reactions and thus may suffer from the infusion of negative feelings into evaluative judgments made about them. However, a commitment to egalitarian ideals may lead social perceivers to seek to avoid being influenced by their negative affect towards minorities. It was predicted and found that negative feelings about a stigmatized social group (gay men and lesbians) would not be evident in explicit evaluations unless situational cues are present that provide a seemingly legitimate basis for negative evaluation other than the group stigma per se. Thus, even if perceivers consider their negative feelings about minority groups to be `inadmissible information,' when these feelings can be misattributed to some seemingly relevant feature other than the target group's identity, they can indeed result in substantially more negative evaluative reactions.
The Asymmetrical Perception of Men and Women
Authors: Young Heather , Knippenberg Ad van , Ellemers Naomi , Vries Nanne de
Published: March 2007

This study examines the individuation versus categorization of men and women. Several researchers have argued for structural status differences between men and women - men occupy societal positions of high status, and women positions of low status. This line of research predicts that male participants will individuate other men, but categorize women. Conversely, female participants will individuate men as well as women. In the present study, male and female participants were presented with eight stimulus persons, four men and four women, each described by four attributes. In addition, stimulus-category fit was manipulated such that the attributes were either stereotypical of the gender group they described or gender neutral. Information clustering in free recall and name-matching were main dependent measures. The results support the hypotheses and are discussed in terms of status differentials and contemporary theories of person perception.
Divide and Rule
Authors: Hindess Barry
Published: March 2007

Academic discussion of citizenship focuses primarily on the citizen in relation to the particular state of which s/he is a member. From this perspective the modern spread of citizenship, first in a few western states and then somewhat more generally, is usually regarded as a definite advance in human well-being, as turning what had once been the privileges of the few into the rights of the many. This paper aims, if not entirely to undermine, then at least to unsettle this celebration of citizenship. It suggests that an understanding of the impact of citizenship in the modern world must consider not just its role in bringing together members of particular sub-populations and promoting some of their interests, but also the effects of rendering the global population governable by dividing it into sub-populations consisting of the citizens of discrete, politically independent and competing states.
The Other's Decision in Me
Authors: Critchley Simon
Published: March 2007

In this article, I attempt to explore the relation between two sets of terms in Derrida's work: friendship and democracy, and ethics and politics. On the basis of a reading of Derrida's interpretation of Blanchot in The Politics of Friendship, I argue that Blanchot's notion of a non-traditional conception of friendship is a reconstruction of Levinas's notion of the ethical relation to the other, which in turn provides the basis for the formalistic ethical affirmation of Derrida's work, an affirmation found most clearly in his remarks on justice. I then move from the The Politics of Friendship to Derrida's more recent text on Levinas, Adieu, and try to explore the relation between ethics and politics in Derrida's work, with particular reference to the question of democracy. My concluding thesis is that Derrida's recent work is attempting to articulate, through notions such as democracy to come and the new international, what I call 'a repoliticization of Marxism'.
Impact of China's Accession to the Bangkok Agreement on Intraregional Trade Flows
Authors: Ratnayake Ravi
Published: March 2007

Regional Trading Arrangements (RTAs) have been recognized as useful building blocks of a broader trade liberalization strategy over the past two decades with nearly 150 RTAs notified to the WTO. The Bangkok Agreement (BA) established in 1975 is one of the oldest among them. BA was established to promote intra regional trade through exchange of tariff concessions by Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, the Republic of Korea and Lao PDR. China has recently acceded to BA. Due to limited membership and product coverage BA has had limited success in promoting intraregional trade in the past. The accession of China is expected to inject dynamism to it. This article examines the impact of China's accession to the Bangkok Agreement on other member countries. The analysis of the article shows that accession of China is likely to generate vast trading opportunities for the current member countries of BA.
An Ethical Advisory Group in a Learning Disability Service
Authors: Malin Nigel A. , Wilmot Stephen
Published: March 2007

This, the third paper on the work of an ethics group in learning disabilities uses the perspective of group members/participants to identify the nature and scope of the group’s work and its achievements. Fairly lengthy audiotaped interviews were undertaken with 15 individual members which were subsequently transcribed and content analysed to obtain information about the ethics group: its purpose, focus, perceived benefits to service users and staff from different professional disciplines, and manner of operation. The fact that the group had been in existence for a reasonable duration, but with slightly changed membership, meant that members would have a historical record of the diversity of individual cases presented for the group’s attention. The ethics group was perceived as benefiting service users, professional care staff and the Trust organization as a whole. Its style of approach was to seek out consensus for a specified course of action and to offer both pragmatic and trial/error solutions. Issues considered by the group, more frequently than not, involved allegations of exploitation of users (either sexual, psychological or financial) and the associated balance between risk, autonomy and promoting independence. Suggestions were put forward to enhance the effectiveness of the ethics group including raising its overall profile within the Community Trust – widening membership, monitoring outcome and increasing clerical/administrative support. The main generally perceived advantage concerned the process of giving reassurance to professional care staff and in helping problem-solving and decision-making centred around care provision for individual adults with learning disabilities.
Rethinking Cross Cultural Management in a Globalizing Business World
Authors: Søderberg Anne-Marie , Holden Nigel
Published: March 2007

Cross cultural management is often regarded as a discipline of international management focusing on cultural encounters between what are perceived as well-defined and homogeneous entities: the organization and the nation-state, and offering tools to handle cultural differences seen as sources of conflict or miscommunication. The authors argue that this approach is out of phase with the business world of today, with its transnational companies that face the challenges of the management of global knowledge networks and multicultural project teams, interacting and collaborating across boundaries using global communication technologies. The authors emphasize the need for an alternative approach which acknowledges the growing complexity of inter- and intra-organizational connections and identities, and offers theoretical concepts to think about organizations and multiple cultures in a globalizing business context.
Application of Box-Jenkins Models for Assessing the Effect of Unusual Events Recorded by Structural Health Monitoring Systems
Authors: Moyo Pilate , Brownjohn James M. W.
Published: March 2007

In-service civil infrastructure experience short-lived and transient changes in strain from time to time resulting for example from ground movements, development of cracks, heavy traffic, and accidents. With the advent of instrumented structural monitoring it is now possible to capture these events. In this paper, an approach based on Box-Jenkins transfer functions is proposed for assessing the effect of these events on structural behaviour and performance. The analysis is based on strain data recorded by a structural health monitoring system installed in a major bridge at construction stage.
Why Battered Women Do Not Leave, Part 1
Authors: BARNETT OLA W.
Published: March 2007

There is an urgent need to identify the factors that impede battered women's flight from violent relationships. This article is organized into two articles: Part 1 centers on external inhibiting factors within society (partiarchy, economics, and the criminal justice system) that influence battered women's stay/leave decisions. Answering the questions surrounding stay/leave decisions calls for a comprehensive, current overview and evaluation of methodologically rigorous research, including unpublished dissertations, qualitative studies, and opinions of advisory panels. However, the subject matter is sensitive, and some informants may be unsympathetic or uncooperative. This, in addition to the newness of scientific inquiry in the area, has restricted the empirical knowledge available. Part 1 of this review concludes that the patriarchal and sexist structure of society along with women's economic dependency and the inadequate practices of the criminal justice system are the primary obstacles battered women must overcome to leave their abusive partners.
Why Battered Women Do Not Leave, Part 2
Authors: BARNETT OLA W.
Published: March 2007

This article is Part 2 of a review of factors hindering battered women's chances of leaving violent relationships. Part 1 covered major external inhibiting factors (e.g., women's economic dependency and the shortcomings of the criminal justice system). Part 2 centers on additional external inhibiting factors, such as inadequate social support from workplaces and community agencies, and addresses internal inhibiting factors, including the processes and effects of socialization, psychological and victimization events, and victim traits. Evidence suggests that workplaces, health care practitioners, clergy, and social service agencies fail to provide the level of social support needed by battered women to leave. This article also documents a number of internalized socialization beliefs (e.g., acceptance of partner abuse) that affect battered women's decisions not to leave. Finally, several psychological processes (e.g., fear) and traits of victims (e.g., depression) complicate battered women's efforts to leave.
Data Driven Policy: The Case for Certification Research
Authors: Cary Ann H.
Published: March 2007

This article describes the program of research being implemented to investigate the outcomes of certification in the U.S. and Canadian workforce and its relevance to the goal of providing policy makers with pragmatic, action-oriented recommendations. Such recommendations encompass policy issues of workforce production, regulation, distribution, financing, and oversight of credentialing organizations. Few studies exist to substantiate the association between certification credentialing and practice outcomes, thereby leaving policy makers, consumers, and nurses in a vacuum when pushed to protect the public through the credentialing vehicles. The Nursing Credentialing Research Coalition (NCRC) has embarked on a research program that will reveal the relationship between certification and its influence on a nurse’s personal, professional, and practice characteristics as well as those judged by consumers and employers. Selected findings and implications for policy are described. Certified nurses’ reports of early interventions for complications are important quality measures for policy.
Building Consensus Using the Policy Delphi Method
Authors: Rayens Mary Kay , Hahn Ellen J.
Published: March 2007

This article describes the use of the policy Delphi method in building consensus for public policy and proposes a technique for measuring the degree of consensus. The policy Delphi method is a systematic method for obtaining, exchanging, and developing informed opinion on an issue. It can be used to develop consensus either for or against policy issues. The method includes a multistage process involving the initial measurement of opinions (first stage), followed by data analysis, design of a new questionnaire, and a second measurement of opinions (second stage). The interquartile deviation is presented as one way of measuring consensus, and the McNemar test is described as a way to quantify the degree of shift in responses from the first to second stage. The application of the method is illustrated by a case example from a study of state legislators’ views on tobacco policy.
An International Perspective on Hospital Nurses’ Work Environments: The Case for Reform
Authors: Aiken Linda H. , Clarke Sean P. , Sloane Douglas M. , Sochalski Julie A.
Published: March 2007

The current nursing shortage, high hospital-nurse job dissatisfaction, and reports of uneven quality of hospital care are not uniquely American phenomena. This article presents reports from 43,000 nurses at more than 700 hospitals in the United States, Canada, England, Scotland, and Germany during 1998 and 1999. Nurses in countries with distinctly different health care systems report similar shortcomings in their work environments and the quality of hospital care. Although nurse and physician competence and nurse-physician relationships appear satisfactory, core problems in work design and workforce management threaten care provision. Resolving these issues, which are amenable to managerial intervention, is essential to preserve patient safety and provide care of consistently high quality.
Public Policy Decisions Related to Disability and Rehabilitation: Is it Time for a New Paradigm?
Authors: Schroeder Mary Ann , Buckley Kathleen M. , Debisette Annette Tyree
Published: March 2007

Nurses are frequently called on to advocate for specific vulnerable populations. People with disabilities form a large cohort of those in need of rehabilitation or other health and social services. Availability of these services is greatly influenced by politics, price, and principles that culminate in public policy. Currently, it is difficult to discern a rationale that underpins some public policy decisions regarding disability and rehabilitation. The allocation of government resources appears to be inconsistent. When nurses advocate for specific groups, such as those with disabilities, it is important for them to understand the political context of their actions. This article identifies the major factors that influence the present system and suggests a new paradigm to use in making decisions about allocation of certain health care resources.
Recommended Policy for the Utilization of Indiana Tobacco Settlement Funds
Authors: Rigsby Vicki , Canty-Mitchell Janie
Published: March 2007

The award of tobacco settlement funds to the state of Indiana provides an opportunity for legislators and other stakeholders to formulate health policies that will prevent tobacco-related diseases and promote primary health care to Indiana’s adults and children. Nurses can be active participants in helping to develop, implement, and evaluate effective health policies surrounding tobacco settlement funds. The authors identify social, economic, ethical, and political aspects of the tobacco settlement funds and recommend several policy alternatives that are possible when considering the use of the funds for health-related programs. Each policy alternative is evaluated based on cost, political, and other criteria. The ultimate goals of any policy should be to prevent further use of tobacco-related products, implement smoking-cessation programs to reduce risks for future health problems, and provide primary health care to people who have chronic debilitating conditions related to tobacco use.
Justice-Making: Nursing’s Call
Authors: Boykin Anne , Dunphy Lynne
Published: March 2007

This article presents stories from Florence Nightingale’s life to return the reader to caring as the basis for justice-making. The authors present a view that true justice-making is not an analytic concept but rather one that is grounded in compassion and caring.
Control of Air Emissions
Authors: Gleaves R.J. , Dean J.F.
Published: March 2007

For any industry faced with the prospect of having to implement new emission control procedures the important question is what technique or technology should be used. This paper discusses both source reduction and abatement techniques and provides an overview of the technologies. It is concluded that:
Recording Pressure and Melt Temperature in Extrusion
Authors: Steward Edward L.
Published: March 2007

Analyzing single screw extrusion performance is usually a practice of watching the results at the exit end of the machine and guessing as to what is taking place inside the barrel. Pressure transducers, melt thermocouples, and high speed analysis equipment have been used for years by some extrusion engineers, but this practice is not universally understood. The data can be quite useful for op timizing or troubleshooting extruder problems and is invaluable to screw design efforts, but the method of the measurements are important to the results. Extrusion supervisory systems often measure the data from transducers and thermocouples of trending and reporting functions. These devices must use data acquisition rates that are capable of adequately defining the process.

This paper will discuss the method for gathering the data along the extruder barrel and in the die system and show some of the conclusions that are possible when proper attention is paid to the data acquisition rates.
State Legislative Reform
Authors: Roeder Phillip W.
Published: March 2007

This research is designed to answer the question-what social, economic, and political factors lead to variations in state legislative professionalism and capability, and what impact do these variations have on state public policy? Using a causal model with multiple measures of the concepts and a multiple-partial correlation technique, it is found that legislative reform is not directly related to socioeconomic change and inequality; rather the relationship is mediated by executive reform. In addition, the effects of these environ mental forces on certain policies are mediated by executive and legislative characteristics of the states.
Partisan Conversion in the Northeast
Authors: Hadley Charles D. , Howell Susan E.
Published: March 2007

Gerald Pomper and others who have studied realignment/ dealignment contend that the study of change in geographic subunits is necessary to understand change observed from a national perspective. The South has been the most common regional focus, yet the Northeast has experienced disproportionate partisan change as well. This research documents declining Republicanism in the Northeast since the early 1960s, draws parallels with the South, identifies social and political sources of that decline, and speculates about the future of partisan identification in the Northeast.