bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Air Quality—A Global Review
Authors: Addas Abdullah , Maghrabi Ahmad
Published: September 2021

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a serious public health threat and has had a tremendous impact on all spheres of the environment. The air quality across the world improved because of COVID-19 lockdowns. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, large numbers of studies have been carried out on the impact of lockdowns on air quality around the world, but no studies have been carried out on the systematic review on the impact of lockdowns on air quality. This study aims to systematically assess the bibliographic review on the impact of lockdowns on air quality around the globe. A total of 237 studies were identified after rigorous review, and 144 studies met the criteria for the review. The literature was surveyed from Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Google search engine. The results reveal that (i) most of the studies were carried out on Asia (about 65%), followed by Europe (18%), North America (6%), South America (5%), and Africa (3%); (ii) in the case of countries, the highest number of studies was performed on India (29%), followed by China (23%), the U.S. (5%), the UK (4%), and Italy; (iii) more than 60% of the studies included NO2 for study, followed by PM2.5 (about 50%), PM10, SO2, and CO; (iv) most of the studies were published by Science of the Total Environment (29%), followed by Aerosol and Air Quality Research (23%), Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health (9%), and Environmental Pollution (5%); (v) the studies reveal that there were significant improvements in air quality during lockdowns in comparison with previous time periods. Thus, this diversified study conducted on the impact of lockdowns on air quality will surely assist in identifying any gaps, as it outlines the insights of the current scientific research.
Efficiency Maximization of Grid-Connected Tidal Stream Turbine System: A Supervisory Energy-Based Speed Control Approach with Processor in the Loop Experiment
Authors: Belkhier Youcef , Ullah Nasim , Al Alahmadi Ahmad Aziz
Published: September 2021

Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with a back-to-back power converter is one of the commonly used technologies in tidal power generation schemes. However, the nonlinear dynamics and time-varying parameters of this kind of conversion system make the controller computation a challenging task. In the present paper, a novel intelligent control method based on the passivity concept with a simple structure is proposed. This proposed strategy consists of passivity-based speed control (PBSC) combined with a fuzzy logic method to address the robustness problems faced by conventional control techniques such as proportional-integral (PI) control. The proposed method extracts the maximum power from the tidal energy, compensates for the uncertainty in a damped way where the entire dynamics of the PMSG are considered when designing the control law. The fuzzy logic controller is selected, which makes the proposed strategy intelligent to compute the damping gains to make the closed-loop passive and approximate the unstructured dynamics of the PMSG. Thus, the robustness property of the closed-loop system is considerably increased. The regulation of DC voltage and reactive power to their desired values are the principal objectives of the present work. The proposed method is used to control the machine-side converter (MSC), while a conventional PI method is adopted to control the grid-side converter (GSC). Dynamic simulations show that the DC voltage and reactive power errors are extremely reduced with the proposed strategy; ±0.002 for the DC-link voltage and ±0.000015 in the case of the reactive power. Moreover, the lowest steady-state error and better convergence criterion are shown by the proposed control (0.3 × 10−3 s). Generally, the proposed candidate offers high robustness, fast speed convergence, and high efficiency over the other benchmark nonlinear strategies. Moreover, the proposed controller was also validated in a processor in the loop (PIL) experiment using Texas Instruments (TI) Launchpad.
Unit Commitment for Power Generation Systems Based on Prices in Smart Grid Environment Considering Uncertainty
Authors: Shokouhandeh Hassan , Ahmadi Kamarposhti Mehrdad , Colak Ilhami , Eguchi Kei
Published: September 2021

With the growing demand for electricity, the inability of governments to provide the necessary resources to invest in the electricity industry and the rising price of fossil fuels, the tendency is to study and pay attention to economic issues in power systems studies. In this paper a new modified version of gray wolf optimization (MGWO) is proposed to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem in a power system in case of uncertainty. Market price variation is the main source of uncertainty in the UC program. Therefore, a model based on normal probability density function (PDF) is present for reducing the market price uncertainty effect in the model. Simulations are done for a standard 10 thermal units power system, and the results of the optimization by the proposed MGWO are compared with the previous version of the GWO algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm results. The simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed MGWO algorithm over the two algorithms PSO and GWO.
Ecological Risk Indicators for Leached Heavy Metals from Coal Ash Generated at a Malaysian Power Plant
Authors: Abd Manan Teh Sabariah Binti , Beddu Salmia , Mohd Kamal Nur Liyana , Mohamad Daud , Itam Zarina , Khan Taimur , Machmudah Affiani , Dutykh Denys , Mohtar Wan Hanna Melini Wan , Jusoh Hisyam , Nazri Fadzli Mohamed , Yapandi Md Fauzan Kamal Mohd , Pati Siddhartha , Ahmad Amirrudin , Wan Rasdi Nadiah
Published: September 2021

The application of coal ash (CA) in construction industries has grown rapidly, posing risk to the environment due to heavy metals leaching from the material. This research presents a simulation of ecological risk assessment and model risk indicators (ERI) of leached heavy metals (lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As)) from CA (FA: fly ash and BA: bottom ash) via response surface methodology (RSM). The ERI values were based on quantified leached heavy metals from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP-1311) and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP-1312). The ecological risk index (RI ) values for TCLP were 10.27 × 100 (FA), 9.91 × 100 (BA) and 12.58 × 100 (FA + BA); whereas RI for SPLP were 10.34 × 100 (FA), 9.90 × 100 (BA) and 12.61 × 100 (FA + BA). Twenty-nine combinations of operations were evaluated based on Box-Behnken design with ERI as the response variable. The established model risk indicator (i.e., coded and actual factors) of Pb, Cu, Zn and ‘As’ showed significant model terms that describe their relationship very well, perfectly fit to the corresponding ERI (sum of squares = 0.4160, F value = 682,375.55) with probability of 0.01% for an F-value could occur due to noise. The optimized models were validated with error percentage of less than 5%. The established ERI models showed significant model terms and will be useful for ecological monitoring of CA application in construction industries.
A Novel Analytical Approach for Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generations in Radial Electrical Energy Distribution Systems
Authors: Azad Sasan , Amiri Mohammad Mehdi , Heris Morteza Nazari , Mosallanejad Ali , Ameli Mohammad Taghi
Published: September 2021

Considering the strong influence of distributed generation (DG) in electric distribution systems and its impact on network voltage losses and stability, a new challenge has appeared for such systems. In this study, a novel analytical algorithm is proposed to distinguish the optimal location and size of DGs in radial distribution networks based on a new combined index (CI) to reduce active power losses and improve system voltage profiles. To obtain the CI, active power losses and voltage stability indexes were used in the proposed approach. The CI index with sensitivity analysis was effective in decreasing power losses and improving voltage stability. Optimal DG size was determined based on a search algorithm to reduce active power losses. The considered scheme was examined through IEEE 12-bus and 33-bus radial distribution test systems (RDTS), and the obtained results were compared and validated in comparison with other available methods. The results and analysis verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reducing power losses and improving the distribution system voltage profiles by determining the appropriate location and optimal DG size. In IEEE 12 and 33 bus networks, the minimum voltage increased from 0.9434 p.u and 0.9039 p.u to 0.9907 p.u and 0.9402 p.u, respectively. Additionally, the annual cost of energy losses decreased by 78.23% and 64.37%, respectively.
Promoting Cooperation of Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance of IUU Fishing in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Fujii Iwao , Okochi Yumi , Kawamura Hajime
Published: September 2021

Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is becoming a growing threat to sustainable fisheries and the economy worldwide. To solve this issue, various efforts on monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS) have been made at the national, regional, and international levels. However, there is still the lack of measures against IUU fishing vessels at the multilateral level. Here, we assessed the situations of fisheries, and the current systems and challenges of MCS in eight Asia-Pacific countries with a focus on MCS of IUU fishing vessels at sea. Through a literature review and interviews, we confirmed that IUU fishing was linked with the status of fisheries in each country, and that each country implements various MCS measures with different emphases. However, there was a trend of enhancing or newly establishing four areas of MCS: vessel tracking, patrol, onboard observers, and port State measures, with amended or newly adopted laws. We also identified challenges of MCS such as insufficient MCS in coastal areas and fragmented cooperation among the countries. Based on our findings, we advance several recommendations including the enhancement of cooperation among stakeholders, especially fishers, for co-monitoring in coastal areas and the establishment of a communication platform for Asia-Pacific countries.
Integration of GIS-Based Multicriteria Decision Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process for Flood-Hazard Assessment in the Megalo Rema River Catchment (East Attica, Greece)
Authors: Karymbalis Efthimios , Andreou Maria , Batzakis Dimitrios-Vasileios , Tsanakas Konstantinos , Karalis Sotirios
Published: September 2021

This study deals with the flood-hazard assessment and mapping in the catchment of Megalo Rema (East Attica, Greece). Flood-hazard zones were identified utilizing Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS). Five factors were considered as the most influential parameters for the water course when high storm-water runoff exceeds drainage system capacity and were taken into account. These factors include slope, elevation, distance from stream channels, geological formations in terms of their hydro-lithological behavior and land cover. To obtain the final weights for each factor, rules of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were applied. The final flood-hazard assessment and mapping of the study area were produced through Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) procedures. The final map showed that approximately 26.3 km2, which corresponds to 22.7% of the total area of the catchment, belongs to the high flood risk zone, while approximately 25 km2, corresponding to ~15% of the catchment, is of very high flood risk. The highly and very highly prone to flooding areas are located mostly at the southern and western parts of the catchment. Furthermore, the areas on both sides of the channel along the lower reaches of the main stream are of high and very high risk. The highly and very highly prone to flooding areas are relatively low-lying, gently sloping and extensively urbanized, and host the densely populated settlements of Rafina-Pikermi, Penteli, Pallini, Peania, Spata, Glika Nera, Gerakas and Anthousa. The accuracy of the flood-hazard map was verified by correlating flood events of the last 30 years, the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC–RAS) simulation and quantitative geomorphological analysis with the flood-hazard level. The results of our approach provide decision makers with important information for land-use planning at a regional scale, determining safe and unsafe areas for urban development.
Cooperative Learning to Reduce Inequalities: Instructional Approaches and Dimensions
Authors: Cañabate Dolors , Bubnys Remigijus , Nogué Lluís , Martínez-Mínguez Lurdes , Nieva Carolina , Colomer Jordi
Published: September 2021

This manuscript deals with how cooperative learning in pre-school and primary education can be dimensionalized in terms of reducing gender differences and inequalities. In this study, formulated through instructional approaches delivered in four medium- to very high-complexity schools (the number of students with an immigrant background ranging from 30% to 100%), 376 pre-service teachers and 43 qualified teachers were asked to analyze the instruction that they gave to 1658 pre-school and primary students over two consecutive years. Instruction was defined in terms of contextualized physical education challenges that included cooperative psychomotor physical challenges, guided discovery activities and psychomotor problem-solving. The analysis was based on reflective narratives on both gender differences and inequalities, which evinced 792 comments regarding gender (618 by the pre-service teachers and 174 by the schoolteachers) and 627 comments for inequalities (363 by the pre-service teachers and 264 by the schoolteachers). The analysis produced categories based on critical reflection—on both individual and classroom scales—from the pre-service teachers and the schoolteachers. Each of the cooperative learning dimensions, i.e., positive interdependence, individual accountability, promotive interaction, social skills, and group processing, were investigated to produce a set of principles and competencies that best promoted education for sustainable development. The research produced 42 principles that operated under the tenet of leave-no-one-behind, with positive interdependence and promotive interaction providing the higher number of principles that are best suited to tackle, through cooperation processes, equity and inclusivity issues in pre-school and primary education classrooms.
Toward a Typology of Displacements in the Context of Slow-Onset Environmental Degradation. An Analysis of Hazards, Policies, and Mobility Patterns
Authors: Kaenzig Raoul , Piguet Etienne
Published: September 2021

The aim of this paper is to develop a typology of displacement in the context of slow-onset environmental degradation linked to climate change (desertification, droughts and increasing temperatures, sea level rise (SLR), loss of biodiversity, land/forest degradation, and glacial retreat). We differentiate regions under environmental threat according to their social vulnerabilities, mobility patterns, and related policies, and identify twelve types of vulnerability/policy/mobility combinations. The paper is based on a synthesis of 321 published case studies on displacement and slow-onset environmental degradation, representing a comprehensive collection of the literature since the 1970s. We observe that vulnerability is especially critical in small island and coastal contexts, as well as in mountainous zones and desert regions. Migration processes are often not visible in areas affected by environmental degradation. When they do occur, they remain mostly internal and oriented towards cities with occasional rural-to-rural migration. Non-mobile people, as well as those who depend on natural resource industries for their livelihoods, are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Persons with lower levels of education are more likely to respond to environmental shock through short-distance migration, whereas highly educated individuals may migrate over longer distances. Policies that directly address mobility in relation to climate change—mostly through relocation—are seldom mentioned in the literature. Mobility is often perceived as a last-resort solution, whereas a growing body of research identifies mobility as an adaptation strategy.
Rotating-Frame Overhauser Transfer via Long-Lived Coherences
Authors: Teleanu Florin , Topor Alexandru , Serafin Diana , Sadet Aude , Vasos Paul R.
Published: September 2021

Solution-state distance restraints for protein structure determination with Ångström-level resolution rely on through-space transfer of magnetization between nuclear spins. Such magnetization transfers, named Overhauser effects, occur via dipolar magnetic couplings. We demonstrate improvements in magnetization transfer using long-lived coherences (LLCs)—singlet-triplet superpositions that are antisymmetric with respect to spin-permutation within pairs of coupled magnetic nuclei—as the magnetization source. Magnetization transfers in the presence of radio-frequency irradiation, known as ‘rotating-frame’ Overhauser effects (ROEs), are predicted by theory to improve by the use of LLCs; calculations are matched by preliminary experiments herein. The LLC-ROE transfers were compared to the transmission of magnetization via classical transverse routes. Long-lived coherences accumulate magnetization on an external third proton, K, with transfer rates that depended on the tumbling regime. I,S →K transfers in the LLC configuration for (I,S) are anticipated to match, and then overcome, the same transfer rates in the classical configuration as the molecular rotational correlation times increase. Experimentally, we measured the LLC-ROE transfer in dipeptide AlaGly between aliphatic protons in different residues K = Ala − Hα and (I,S) = Gly − Hα1,2 over a distance dK,I,S = 2.3 Å. Based on spin dynamics calculations, we anticipate that, for such distances, a superior transfer of magnetization occurs using LLC-ROE compared to classical ROE at correlation times above τC=10 ns. The LLC-ROE effect shows potential for improving structural studies of large proteins and offering constraints of increased precision for high-affinity protein-ligand complexes in slow tumbling in the liquid state.
A Study on Some Properties of Neutrosophic Multi Topological Group
Authors: Basumatary Bhimraj , Wary Nijwm , Mwchahary Dimacha Dwibrang , Brahma Ashoke Kumar , Moshahary Jwngsar , Basumatary Usha Rani , Basumatary Jili
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we studied some properties of the neutrosophic multi topological group. For this, we introduced the definition of semi-open neutrosophic multiset, semi-closed neutrosophic multiset, neutrosophic multi regularly open set, neutrosophic multi regularly closed set, neutrosophic multi continuous mapping, and then studied the definition of a neutrosophic multi topological group and some of their properties. Moreover, since the concept of the almost topological group is very new, we introduced the definition of neutrosophic multi almost topological group. Finally, for the purpose of symmetry, we used the definition of neutrosophic multi almost continuous mapping to define neutrosophic multi almost topological group and study some of its properties.
Strategies Used for Implementing and Promoting Adherence to Antibiotic Guidelines in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Foxlee Nicola D. , Townell Nicola , Heney Claire , McIver Lachlan , Lau Colleen L.
Published: September 2021

Containing antimicrobial resistance and reducing high levels of antibiotic consumption in low- and lower middle-income countries are a major challenge. Clinical guidelines targeting antibiotic prescribing can reduce consumption, however, the degrees to which clinical guidelines are adopted and adhered to are challenging for developers, policy makers and users. The aim of this study was to review the strategies used for implementing and promoting antibiotic guideline adherence in low- and lower middle-income countries. A review of published literature was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS and the information systems of the World Health Organization and the Australian National University according to PRISMA guidelines and our PROSPERO protocol. The strategies were grouped into five broad categories based on the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care taxonomy. The 33 selected studies, representing 16 countries varied widely in design, setting, disease focus, methods, intervention components, outcomes and effects. The majority of interventions were multifaceted and resulted in a positive direction of effect. The nature of the interventions and study variability made it impossible to tease out which strategies had the greatest impact on improving CG compliance. Audit and feedback coupled with either workshops and/or focus group discussions were the most frequently used intervention components. All the reported strategies are established practices used in antimicrobial stewardship programs in high-income countries. We recommend interrupted time series studies be used as an alternative design to pre- and post-intervention studies, information about the clinical guidelines be made more transparent, and prescriber confidence be investigated.
Personalized Virus Load Curves for Acute Viral Infections
Authors: Contreras Carlos , Newby Jay M. , Hillen Thomas
Published: September 2021

We introduce an explicit function that describes virus-load curves on a patient-specific level. This function is based on simple and intuitive model parameters. It allows virus load analysis of acute viral infections without solving a full virus load dynamic model. We validate our model on data from mice influenza A, human rhinovirus data, human influenza A data, and monkey and human SARS-CoV-2 data. We find wide distributions for the model parameters, reflecting large variability in the disease outcomes between individuals. Further, we compare the virus load function to an established target model of virus dynamics, and we provide a new way to estimate the exponential growth rates of the corresponding infection phases. The virus load function, the target model, and the exponential approximations show excellent fits for the data considered. Our virus-load function offers a new way to analyze patient-specific virus load data, and it can be used as input for higher level models for the physiological effects of a virus infection, for models of tissue damage, and to estimate patient risks.
Just Seeing Is Not Enough for Believing: Immunolabelling as Indisputable Proof of SARS-CoV-2 Virions in Infected Tissue
Authors: Erman Andreja , Wechtersbach Karmen , Velkavrh Daniel , Pleško Jerica , Frelih Maja , Kojc Nika
Published: September 2021

Background: There is increasing evidence that identification of SARS-CoV-2 virions by transmission electron microscopy could be misleading due to the similar morphology of virions and ubiquitous cell structures. This study thus aimed to establish methods for indisputable proof of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virions in the observed tissue. Methods: We developed a variant of the correlative microscopy approach for SARS-CoV-2 protein identification using immunohistochemical labelling of SARS-CoV-2 proteins on light and electron microscopy levels. We also performed immunogold labelling of SARS-CoV-2 virions. Results: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins and subsequent correlative microscopy undoubtedly proved the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virions in the analysed human nasopharyngeal tissue. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 virions was also confirmed by immunogold labelling for the first time. Conclusions: Immunoelectron microscopy is the most reliable method for distinguishing intracellular viral particles from normal cell structures of similar morphology and size as virions. Furthermore, we developed a variant of correlative microscopy that allows pathologists to check the results of IHC performed first on routinely used paraffin-embedded samples, followed by semithin, and finally by ultrathin sections. Both methodological approaches indisputably proved the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virions in cells.
Potential Antiviral Properties of Industrially Important Marine Algal Polysaccharides and Their Significance in Fighting a Future Viral Pandemic
Authors: Geetha Bai Renu , Tuvikene Rando
Published: September 2021

Over the decades, the world has witnessed diverse virus associated pandemics. The significant inhibitory effects of marine sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2 shows its therapeutic potential in future biomedical applications and drug development. Algal polysaccharides exhibited significant role in antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidative, antiviral, anticoagulant, antihepatotoxic and immunomodulating activities. Owing to their health benefits, the sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae are a great deal of interest globally. Algal polysaccharides such as agar, alginate, carrageenans, porphyran, fucoidan, laminaran and ulvans are investigated for their nutraceutical potential at different stages of infection processes, structural diversity, complexity and mechanism of action. In this review, we focus on the recent antiviral studies of the marine algae-based polysaccharides and their potential towards antiviral medicines.
Genomic Instability and DNA Damage Repair Pathways Induced by Human Papillomaviruses
Authors: Kono Takeyuki , Laimins Laimonis
Published: September 2021

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical and other anogenital cancers as well as those of the oropharynx. HPV proteins activate host DNA damage repair factors to promote their viral life cycle in stratified epithelia. Activation of both the ATR pathway and the ATM pathway are essential for viral replication and differentiation-dependent genome amplification. These pathways are also important for maintaining host genomic integrity and their dysregulation or mutation is often seen in human cancers. The APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases are innate immune factors that are increased in HPV positive cells leading to the accumulation of TpC mutations in cellular DNAs that contribute to malignant progression. The activation of DNA damage repair factors may corelate with expression of APOBEC3 in HPV positive cells. These pathways may actively drive tumor development implicating/suggesting DNA damage repair factors and APOBEC3 as possible therapeutic targets.
Quality and Safety of Vaccines Manufacturing: An Online Survey on Attitudes and Perceptions of Italian Internet Users
Authors: Bechini Angela , Zanella Beatrice , Bonito Benedetta , Paoli Sonia , Di Pisa Giulia , Moscadelli Andrea , Ancillotti Leonardo , Bonanni Paolo , Boccalini Sara
Published: September 2021

Background: Vaccination is a worldwide public health practice that requires high uptake levels in order to effectively reduce the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases. The manufacturing of vaccines is a complex process, and little is known about people’s feelings and opinions on that. Our study aimed at investigating perceptions and attitudes of the general population towards the vaccine production process before the availability of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: We designed a 15-question online survey in the Italian language which was spread via Facebook and an Italian website "Vaccinarsintoscana" between January and May 2020. We performed a descriptive analysis and applied statistical tests to assess differences in the given answers according to participants’ sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The collected responses (135 participants) about the perceptions on vaccine production process were largely positive: not being concerned about the vaccine production (70.3%); believing the vials did not contain harmful substances (75.6%) and considering the precautionary withdrawal of some batches as highly effective (83.7%). In contrast, a less positive perception was found for the question about the conflict of interest between manufacturing companies and the control systems (48.9%). Moreover, people’s perceptions towards the vaccine components (i.e., microorganism, adjuvants and opinion on batches withdrawal) also showed a good level of confidence and trust. Conclusions: Our study highlighted a generally positive attitude towards the vaccine production process and showed people’s confidence in the control systems, safety and high standards of quality of the vaccine production process.
The Importance of Quality Control of LSDV Live Attenuated Vaccines for Its Safe Application in the Field
Authors: Haegeman Andy , De Leeuw Ilse , Saduakassova Meruyert , Van Campe Willem , Aerts Laetitia , Philips Wannes , Sultanov Akhmetzhan , Mostin Laurent , De Clercq Kris
Published: September 2021

Vaccination is an effective approach to prevent, control and eradicate diseases, including lumpy skin disease (LSD). One of the measures to address farmer hesitation to vaccinate is guaranteeing the quality of vaccine batches. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the importance of a quality procedure via the evaluation of the LSD vaccine, Lumpivax (Kevevapi). The initial PCR screening revealed the presence of wild type LSD virus (LSDV) and goatpox virus (GTPV), in addition to vaccine LSDV. New phylogenetic PCRs were developed to characterize in detail the genomic content and a vaccination/challenge trial was conducted to evaluate the impact on efficacy and diagnostics. The characterization confirmed the presence of LSDV wild-, vaccine- and GTPV-like sequences in the vaccine vial and also in samples taken from the vaccinated animals. The analysis was also suggestive for the presence of GTPV-LSDV (vaccine/wild) recombinants. In addition, the LSDV status of some of the animal samples was greatly influenced by the differentiating real-PCR used and could result in misinterpretation. Although the vaccine was clinically protective, the viral genomic content of the vaccine (being it multiple Capripox viruses and/or recombinants) and the impact on the diagnostics casts serious doubts of its use in the field.
Malformation of a Mesocolon as a Cause of Colic in an Arabian Foal
Authors: Turek Bernard , Stefanik Elżbieta , Kozłowska Natalia , Drewnowska-Szczepakowska Olga , Górski Kamil , Mickiewicz Julia
Published: September 2021

This paper describes a case of partial lack of the mesocolon in a 7-month-old colt. The foal was referred to the hospital with clinical signs of severe abdominal distension of a few hours duration. Because analgesics did not relieve pain, the foal remained uncomfortable, and distension of the abdomen increased; an exploratory laparotomy was performed under general anaesthesia in dorsal recumbency. The final diagnosis was confirmed intraoperatively. During exploration of the abdominal cavity, other problems like right dorsal displacement and torsion of the colon were recognized. Correction of all problems was completed, and the mesentery was sutured. Recovery from anaesthesia was uneventful. The foal was recovering well a few months after surgery, and the owner did not complain about the results of the treatment.
Key SARS-CoV-2 Mutations of Alpha, Gamma, and Eta Variants Detected in Urban Wastewaters in Italy by Long-Read Amplicon Sequencing Based on Nanopore Technology
Authors: La Rosa Giuseppina , Brandtner David , Mancini Pamela , Veneri Carolina , Bonanno Ferraro Giusy , Bonadonna Lucia , Lucentini Luca , Suffredini Elisabetta
Published: September 2021

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs) poses an increased risk to global public health and underlines the need to prioritise monitoring and research to better respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Wastewater monitoring can be used to monitor SARS-CoV-2 spread and to track SARS-CoV-2 variants. A long read amplicon sequencing approach based on the Oxford Nanopore technology, targeting the spike protein, was applied to detect SARS-CoV-2 variants in sewage samples collected in central Italy on April 2021. Next-generation sequencing was performed on three pooled samples. For variant identification, two approaches–clustering (unsupervised) and classification (supervised)–were implemented, resulting in the detection of two VOCs and one VOI. Key mutations of the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) were detected in all of the pools, accounting for the vast majority of NGS reads. In two different pools, mutations of the Gamma (P.1) and Eta (B.1.525) variants were also detected, accounting for 22.4%, and 1.3% of total NGS reads of the sample, respectively. Results were in agreement with data on variant circulation in Italy at the time of wastewater sample collection. For each variant, in addition to the signature key spike mutations, other less common mutations were detected, including the amino acid substitutions S98F and E484K in the Alpha cluster (alone and combined), and S151I in the Eta cluster. Results of the present study show that the long-read sequencing nanopore technology can be successfully used to explore SARS-CoV-2 diversity in sewage samples, where multiple variants can be present, and that the approach is sensitive enough to detect variants present at low abundance in wastewater samples. In conclusion, wastewater monitoring can help one discover the spread of variants in a community and early detect the emerging of clinically relevant mutations or variants.
Os desafios da Comissão Setorial Própria de Avaliação do Campus de Governador Valadares (CSPA-GV) no processo de Autoavaliação Institucional da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
Authors:   , Vasconcelos Maria Alice Franco de
Published: September 2021

A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão estudado aborda a Comissão Setorial Própria de Avaliação do Campus de Governador Valadares (CSPA-GV). Criada com a atribuição de coordenar a Autoavaliação Institucional (AAI) do Campus GV, a CSPA iniciou suas atividades em 2014, num contexto de implantação do Campus, e adotou uma série de iniciativas ao longo dos primeiros anos para se institucionalizar e desenvolver a AAI. Entretanto, a partir de 2016, deixou de atuar como nos anos anteriores, o que tem impactado o desenvolvimento da AAI no Campus GV e em sua participação na AAI da UFJF. Diante disso, a pergunta norteadora definida para o presente estudo é: por que a Comissão Setorial Própria de Avaliação (CSPA) tem deixado de avançar em seu processo de institucionalização no Campus de Governador Valadares? O objetivo definido para esse estudo foi analisar por que a CSPA-GV tem deixado de avançar em seu processo de institucionalização e propor ações que contribuam para retomada desse processo. O estudo parte de reflexões sobre a teoria da institucionalização de Tolbert e Zucker (1998) e Berger e Luckmann (1996); conceitos e noções em torno da avaliação e avaliação institucional de Dias Sobrinho (1996, 2003), Belloni (1999), Brandalise (2010), Peixoto (2009). A metodologia de pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, na qual foi adotado o estudo de caso, com pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os atores envolvidos no processo de AAI. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram fatores que prejudicaram a evolução da CSPA-GV em seu processo de institucionalização, não conseguindo avançar para a fase de sedimentação e legitimação completa. Como o processo de institucionalização da CSPA-GV se encontra, ainda, em curso, a comissão tem encontrado desafios na construção de uma cultura de Autoavaliação Institucional no âmbito do Campus GV. Dessa forma, será apresentado um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE) cujo objetivo é sugerir intervenções que fortaleçam a CSPA-GV, com vistas a sua consolidação, e que minimizem os desafios encontrados pela comissão na coordenação e articulação do processo de Autoavaliação Institucional no Campus da UFJF em Governador Valadares.
Preditores de excesso de peso em pessoas que vivem com HIV em uso de TARV: aspectos nutricionais, clínicos, sociodemográficos e comportamentais
Authors:   , Cunha Renata Lima
Published: September 2021

Com a introdução da terapia antirretroviral houve um declínio nas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade por AIDS em todo o mundo. Os efeitos adversos da medicação, as interações do vírus com o organismo e as alterações metabólicas e de composição corporal podem levar às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e à obesidade, reforçando a necessidade da intervenção nutricional para que se identifique, trate e previna os distúrbios nutricionais. O presente estudou buscou relacionar o excesso de peso das pessoas que vivem com HIV em terapia antirretroviral à fatores socioeconômicos, sociodemográficos e clínicos, comportamentos, tempo de contágio e classe de antirretroviral. Estudo transversal descritivo, realizado com 65 pessoas que vivem com HIV em uso de terapia antirretroviral, assistidas no Serviço de Assistência Especializada do Departamento Municipal de DST/ AIDS de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Os participantes responderam a um questionário para avaliação sociodemográfica, socioeconômica, clínica e de comportamento. Foi realizada avaliação antropométrica e de composição corporal e pesquisa aos prontuários. Para a análise dos dados, foram utilizados a estatística descritiva e a regressão logística para dados univariados e multivariados. Foram avaliados 65 pacientes recebendo terapia antirretroviral, com média de idade de 41 anos; 35 (54%) do sexo feminino, média de tempo de contágio de 98 meses e 47 (72%) com a carga viral indetectável. A proporção de avaliados com excesso de peso foi de 60% (39), 38 (58,5%) com RCE de alto risco e os indicadores CC e CP apontaram 37 (57%) e 28 (43%), respectivamente, com excesso de gordura corporal. O excesso de peso associou-se à idade, circunferência da cintura, renda, tempo de contágio e carga viral. Demonstrando que além das interações existentes entre o vírus e o sistema imunológico e cardiometabólico que demandam nossa atenção, é importante compreender os fatores que influenciam nas alterações nutricionais e tratar o excesso de peso para prevenir as múltiplas comorbidades.
Dinâmica ecológica de potenciais vetores de riquétsias e aspectos de vulnerabilidade para febre maculosa no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors:   , Grillo Emília de Carvalho Nunes
Published: September 2021

A Febre Maculosa (FM) é uma doença causada por bactérias do gênero Rickettsia, transmitidas principalmente por carrapatos. Com cenários ecoepidemiológicos variados no país, é a principal doença transmitida por carrapatos para humanos no Brasil e o Estado de Minas Gerais é o terceiro em números de casos da doença. Conhecer os aspectos de transmissão da doença no Estado, auxilia no entendimento do seu comportamento e traz melhores estratégias de prevenção, controle e conscientização da população, gerando melhores estratégias preventivas ao serviço de saúde. Com o objetivo de aprofundar a interpretação das informações epidemiológicas dos casos de FM em MG à luz dos registros ocorridos entre 2007 e 2019, foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo a partir de dados presentes no SINAN. A análise de dados foi realizada utilizando linguagem de programação Python, biblioteca Pandas e confecção de mapas pelo Qgis. Foram realizadas análises moleculares para identificação do bioagente em amostras biológicas coletadas pelo Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica de MG, resultante de investigação de caso. Dos 298 casos confirmados de FM em MG, 98 evoluíram para óbito, o número de casos aumentou a partir de 2011 e o cenário da doença apresentou uma letalidade de 32,8 %. Do total de casos, 207 (69,4 %) eram do sexo masculino, e entre homens e mulheres a letalidade foi maior no grupo masculino 60,46%. A faixa etária mais atingida é a de 30 à 59 anos e a maior parte dos pacientes relatou ter tido contato com animais como carrapato, capivara e animais domésticos. Não foram observados óbitos na região de Cerrado do Estado e os casos estão concentrados em áreas com cobertura artificial do solo, caracterizando a urbanização da doença. Os resultados corroboram com estudos em áreas de casos graves no Brasil. Apesar dos relatos de casos de FM para o Bioma Cerrado em MG, as análises evidenciam que os casos graves ocorrem em áreas antropizadas dos biomas Mata Atlântica e em área de transição entre este e o Cerrado. Estudos multidisciplinares complexos, longitudinais, associados à ecoepidemiologia, devem ser realizados na busca da construção de algorítimos capazes de predizer, no tempo e espaço, os fatores de riscos associados aos casos graves e óbitos por FM, buscando evitar sua ampliação.
COMPOSIÇÕES DESEJANTES: POR UMA PRODUÇÃO DE NOVOS MOVIMENTOS CURRICULARES NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Rodrigues Vânia Cristina da Silva
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho é um recorte de uma pesquisa em andamento que traz para as discussões curriculares sobre formação de professores o conceito de desejo como produção a partir de uma perspectiva filosófica. Com base, especialmente, nas teorizações de Deleuze e Guattari, junto a algumas ações desenvolvidas com alunos(as) da disciplina de estágio supervisionado da Licenciatura em Matemática questiona-se a ideia de estudantes e professores desejáveis construídos em textos curriculares. A partir de resultados de pesquisas, argumenta-se que os estudantes e professores desejáveis compõem uma engrenagem social que colabora para um funcionamento neoliberal. Tal ponto de partida possibilita problematizar o que se tem desejado nos currículos, e como o desejo ao ser tomado de outros modos pode impulsionar e expandir a força de movimentos coletivos na/da escola e, assim, criar resistências às políticas neoliberais e neoconservadoras e produzir novos movimentos curriculares.
PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS DOS PROFESSORES DA ESCOLA DO CAMPO: ATRAVESSAMENTOS SINGULARES ENTRE O VER E O SENTIR O CURRÍCULO E A VIDA NA AMAZÔNIA TOCANTINA PARAENSE
Authors: Correa Edilena Maria , Leão Joelma de Jesus Dias
Published: September 2021

O texto traz reflexões acerca dos processos formativos dos educadores do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo ofertado da Federal do Pará-Campus do Tocantins, a partir das questões: os processos formativos do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo seguem linhas singulares dos modos de vida em processos formativos? Como a alternância pedagógica tem se efetivado no sentido de possibilitar movimentos singulares que escapem à universalidade e às linhas duras dos processos formativos da docência? O presente ensaio dialoga com autores que discutem sobre a educação do campo e com a filosofia da diferença no sentido de movimentar o pensamento a respeito dos processos formativos dos docentes do campo a partir de relatos de egressos do curso. Entende-se a formação como processo que ocorre por inúmeras experiências, que foge às certezas, aos caminhos retos traçados por currículos e práticas pedagógicas que negligenciam as singularidades e os modos de vida.
FOTOGRAFIA E PRÁTICA DE SI: ENTRELACES ENTRE ARTE, AFETOS E COTIDIANO
Authors: Sakuma Fernanda Ayumi , Stubs Roberta
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem como proposta pensar um processo de criação artística que se utiliza da fotografia para a potencialização de transbordamentos, sentimentos, vivências e acontecimentos. Considerando esta proposta, surgiu a problemática: como a fotografia cotidiana pode possibilitar singularizações, práticas de sí e a criação de outras realidades a partir dos acontecimentos que permeiam meu dia a dia? Para responder à essa problematica, me respaldo em autores como Suely Rolnik e Félix Guattari (2013) com o livro “Micropolítica: cartografias do desejo” e Suely Rolnik (1997), com eles, busco relações entre processo artistico e subjetividade.
OS RESPIRADORES QUE GANHARAM CORPOS NA ESCOLA
Authors: D'Avila Junior Francisco De Paulo
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão teórica sobre uma prática artístico-pedagógica, realizada em escolas públicas, e que promoveu uma performatividade corporal diferente no contexto de sala de aula. Para auxiliar nesta reflexão, do ponto de vista da prática realizada, fotos e relatos dos estudantes serão utilizados. Se soma a discussão, conceitos e ideias sobre as pesquisas de Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari acerca da ideia de corpo, e outros desdobramentos de suas obras. Na prática intitulada Respiradores, os estudantes experimentaram uma outra possibilidade de ser e de estar na escola.
ATRAVESSAMENTOS DE UM CORPO-MEMÓRIA: O ATO DE CRIAR COMO DEVIR-LEMBRANÇA.
Authors: Silva Fonseca Roseany Karimme
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho propõe os atravessamentos possíveis de um corpo localizado pela memória. Partindo do texto “O Ato de Criação” de Gilles Deleuze (1999), no qual este autor aponta a ideia de espaço-tempo, além de descrever o criador como alguém que produz por necessidade. Pesquisa-se no presente trabalho o ato de criar como devir-lembrança. São explicitadas as semelhanças e as diferenças entre os conceitos de memória e lembrança, tendo como base a obra “Espaços da Recordação”, da autora Aleida Assmann (2011). Por meio de uma abordagem metodológica de pesquisa comparativa, que possibilita intersecções entre ambas as obras, objetiva-se compreender como este corpo-memória atravessa e é atravessado no processo de criação artística por meio da relação com o tempo e o espaço, estejam estes localizados no passado ou no presente.
DOCÊNCIAS-NÔMADE NA EDUCAÇÃO: O QUE NOS FORÇA A PENSAR?
Authors: Souza Letícia Regina Silva , Justiniano Ana Carolina , Da Silva Tamili Mardegan
Published: September 2021

Trata-se de um recorte atemporal de pesquisas que apresentam como seus intercessores teóricos Deleuze e Guattari e que estão interessadas nos acontecimentos produzidos pelas docências nos territórios movediços da educação, tendo como um de seus principais objetivos problematizar as composições das formas e dos fluxos que produzem outras docências possíveis. Movimentos que, deslocados pela filosofia da diferença, entrelaçam-se aos pensamentos abertos que provocam e forçam ao exercício de (des)apropriar, (des)continuar e (des)alocar o arcabouço de uma educação que esteve, e ainda está, legitimada nos princípios da padronização, da verdade e da homogeneização do fazer pedagógico, ou seja, de uma ciência moderna, pautada nos ideais cristalizados de uma educação régia. Objetiva, ainda, defender que as docências se realizam com as experiências e com os encontros vivenciados cotidianamente por docentes-discentes, nos diferentes territórios da educação, na efemeridade de uma vida-corpo, que rompe com o instituído.
O ÊXTASE DO CORPO EM "MISS ALGRAVE" DE CLARICE LISPECTOR
Authors: Veiga Ademilson Filocreão , Da Costa Gilcilene Dias
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo, a partir do conto de Clarice Lispector intitulado “Miss Algrave”, intenta a discussão do corpo como território carregado de “textos culturais”, segundo estudos de Preciado (2014). Essa dimensão, ao mesmo tempo em que é múltipla e potencializadora, também fabrica políticas manipulatórias a respeito do ser e do viver. Butler (2003) expõe e questiona os atributos expressivos e esperados para “macho” e fêmea” e Deleuze e Guattari (2010) propõem a existência de n sexos, concomitantemente existindo numa mesma pessoa. O conto Miss Algrave é o cerne da discussão, na qual a personagem título está tensionada entre viver o que lhe é esperado e sucumbir às expectativas sociais ou transgredi-las para (re) descobrir seus desejos.