bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Worldview Attitudes and Self-Determination in Russian Students who are Different Passion Degree of Tolkien Fans
Authors: Zakrevskaya D. , Sadovnikova T.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Self-determination is the developmental task (R. Havighurst) in youth leading to personality psychological well-being and health.

Objectives

The aim was to study the worldview attitudes in Russian youth who are Tolkien fans.

Methods

The techniques were completed by 121 students; 17-28 age (M = 21.7; M/F= 35.5 / 64.5 %); 81 (66.9%) subscribers of the Vkontakte communities dedicated to the work of J.R.R. Tolkien. 1. Incomplete Sentences by Sacks-Levy in authors’ version 2. World assumptions scale (R. Janoff-Bulman) (Padun, Kotelnikova, 2007) 3. Purpose-in-Life Test (J. Crumbaugh, L. Maholick) (Leontiev, 2000) 4. The Level of Escapism (Teslavskaya, Savchenko, 2019).

Results

Three groups of respondents differing in their attitude to the literary genre of fantasy («fans», «amateurs», «indifferent») were identified. Respondents consider the world to be moderately benevolent, and fair, and themselves quite good people, able to control most of the events taking place in their lives. They are sure that they are often lucky in life. «Fans» have the highest tendency to escapism, the most pessimistic view of the world, with a more positive image of the person compared to other respondents. «Fans» consider their lives less emotionally rich and productive, compared to the assessment of their lives by peers of other groups.

Conclusions

The level of escapism expression in fantasy literature fans are higher than in respondents who do not distinguish this genre as preferred. A new theoretical and empirical work is that worldviews can be monitored and taken into account in practical psychological working with at-risk young people.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Doctors’ and nurses’ use of expectancy effects in clinical practice
Authors: Vambheim S. , Bystad M. , Kirkøen J. , Aslaksen P. , Wynn R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Positive treatment expectations among patients are associated with reduced symptoms and reduced negative emotions, stress and anxiety. Patient expectations may be influenced by practitioners who focus on increasing positive treatment effects and reducing psychological and physiological stress.

Objectives

This study examined clinicians’ self-reported utilization of expectancy effects as additive effects to active treatments.

Methods

We applied a questionnaire to investigate clinicians’ utilization of patients´ treatment expectations. The items mapped reasons for increasing patient expectations, ways through which this was done, the frequency and efficiency of increasing expectations, and the understanding of underlying mechanisms of increasing patient expectations. Nurses (N=84) and medical doctors (N=49) employed in general practitioners’ offices, hospitals, nursing homes and home health care services, responded anonymously.

Results

When asked if they had tried to influence patient’s expectations to achieve an additive effect to active treatment, 71.2% reported that they had done so at least one time over the last year, 18.5% at least once per month, 16.9% at least once per week and 32.3% at a daily basis. Neither profession nor practitioner sex influenced these results. The two most frequently reported reasons for trying to influence expectations were to increase the effect of an active treatment and to calm the patient. Optimism and empathy were the two most frequently reported ways through which expectations were influenced.

Conclusions

The strategy of utilizing expectation effects as additive effects to active treatment was frequent among the respondents. The main reported reasons were to increase treatment effects and reduce patients’ stress through expressing optimism and empathy.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Emotional Intelligence and Well-being in Adolescents: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Llamas-Díaz D. , Cabello R. , Megías-Robles A. , Fernández-Berrocal P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Adolescent´s subjective well-being (SWB) can be improved through the training of emotional intelligence (EI).

Objectives

The goal of this study is to determine the general link between EI and SWB in adolescents, to analyze the affective (AWB) and cognitive components (CWB) of SWB, and to investigate the moderating effect of EI models on both types of SWB.

Methods

We searched PsycINFO and WOS from inception to December 2020. Eligible studies reported an association between EI and SWB in adolescents aged from 10 to 19 years using instruments that directly measure SWB. Two meta-analyses were conducted, one for the relationship between EI and AWB and the other for EI and CWB.

Results

A total of 41 studies were included, of which 37 were pooled in the meta-analyses. We obtained a significant positive relationship between EI and AWB (estimated effect size = 0.35) and between EI and CWB (0.29). Concerning EI models, self-report ability showed an estimated effect size of 0.33 for AWB and 0.28 for CWB. For the self-report mixed model, we found an estimated effect size of 0.42 for AWB and 0.38 for CWB.

Conclusions

Establishing a quantitative relationship between SWB and EI makes it possible to implement both clinical and educational prevention measures. Introducing EI training in educational and clinical settings can increase SWB, which could significantly impact the prevention of emotional disorders in adolescents.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Children living in institutional care: How can mentalization-based interventions improve their perspective-taking and conflict resolution skills?
Authors: Szabó B. , Nagy E. , Békefi A. , Futó J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Trauma, stress, and attachment problems are negatively related to the development of mentalization. Children raised in institutional care are more exposed to these difficulties, therefore the development of population-specific interventions that aim to improve mentalization skills would be highly desirable.

Objectives

Our goal is to develop mentalization-based intervention programs for specific age groups (9-13 years, 14-18 years, and adult staff members of institutional care centers) - that support children’s and adolescents’ social functioning and conflict resolution skills.

Methods

The mentalization-based intervention targeting institutional care staff was launched first. Due to the pandemic, this intervention was executed online with two intervention (N = 17) and two passive control (N = 15) groups. Before and after the intervention, participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, the Mini Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, The Strengths, and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire.

Results

The intervention protocol and our results will be shown at the conference. There was no significant difference between the two intervention and two passive control groups in the demographic features. Mentalization uncertainty and burnout was positively related(rs(23) = .42, p = .034), while mentalization uncertainty and parental competence was negatively associated (rs(23) = - .41, p = .041).

Conclusions

The intervention program will be fine-tuned and optimized based on the results of the pilot study. In the next interventions, we plan to focus on the issues that the staff perceived as most difficult and to conduct interventions among the children.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Studying the relationship between mental health literacy and emotional state among young people in Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Galyautdinova S. , Khukhrin M. , Chuikova T.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Mental health literacy (MHL) could be defined as a knowledge of mental health, comprehension of its importance, adequate attitude to information about mental health, possession of skills and abilities to provide assistance and self-help to maintain and promote mental health.

Objectives

The aim of the present study is to identify possible relationships between the components of mental health literacy and the manifestations of the emotional sphere of the respondents.

Methods

The sample consisted of 220 young people from 16 to 23. Emotional Empathy Questionnaire (A. Mehrabian, M. Epstein), self-assessment of mental states (G. Eysenck), questionnaire from the study of Reavley et al., and the custom MHL questionnaire were used.

Results

Most significant of relationships revealed by Pearson’s Product-moment correlation analysis: Adequate actions of respondents in a mental health-threatening situation inversely correlates with anxiety (r=-0.38, p=0.0002), aggressiveness (r=-0.22, p=0.017), frustration (r=-0.35, p=0.00008), rigidity (r=-0.29, p=0.0012). Comprehension of the importance of specialized care inversely correlates with frustration (r=-0.2, p=0.027). Helping others in difficult situations correlates with empathy (r=0.48, p=0.0000).

Conclusions

A low level of the behavioral component of MHL is often manifested with high anxiety, aggressiveness, rigidity, frustration. Correlation between the cognitive component and frustration may indicate that sufficient level of this component does not allow the individual to fall into a state of deep frustration in mental health-threatening situations. Individuals with low level of anxiety, rigidity, aggression are more inclined to understand the importance of seeking professional help. An individual with lower frustration and aggressiveness will less likely choose destructive behaviors (addictions to alcohol, self-harm, etc.).

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
„I ride with you“ – active promotion of mental health in Bulgaria
Authors: Guevara K.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

One of the main concepts of mental health promotion is proactivity, rather than reactivity. As psychiatrists we must be the first line of mental health advocacy and to do so we must share clear messages and take definitive actions.

Objectives

Inventing a cause that raises mental health awareness in the society. Afterwards creating a page in the social media that uses common language and which represents the main concepts of mental health and also targets prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Taking part in sport events that have the potential to increase the social awareness and reaching national media in order to popularize the cause.

Methods

First came creation of a page in the social media. Afterwards came the preparation of video materials and e-posters on the following topics: mental health, stigma, myths and facts about mental disorders, early trauma, mental disorders. The materials were posted and “boosted”. All this was accompanied by numerous media events and interviews on national media. In order to garner more attention there were two participations in a 750km bike ultra marathons.

Results

The complex approach of the cause „I ride with you” (Az Karam s teb) led to the establishment of a popular page in the social media. Within 1 year the page got 1500 followers. The page content was shared 733 times. There were 12 national media appearances. All these numbers represent a small but significant step in mental health promotion.

Conclusions

In order to promote healthy “mental environment” we must use diverse and contemporary approaches.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Effects of relaxation slide-films on the functional state of psychology students
Authors: Zlokazova T. , Kuznetsova A. , Titova M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Visual images and music have long been known as a means to optimize emotions (Galeev, 1976; Gotsdiner, 1993). Together (eg in audio-visual slide-films) they may help students and professional cope with the negative side of intensive workloads (fatigue, stress, anxiety).

Objectives

Our study attempts a multi-level assessment of the relaxation effect of a slide-film as part of student education.

Methods

Sample - 46 psychology students. The 20 minute relaxation film was shown after lectures and discussion of a forthcoming examination. Measures: standard psychological and physiological functional state tests and a cognitive task before and after the film (Leonova & Kapitsa, 2003); an original questionnaire revealing individual associations and experiences felt during the film.

Results

The results showed pronounced subjective discomfort and anxiety before the film. The relaxation film resulted in lowered blood pressure, increased subjective comfort, decreased fatigue and acute anxiety, and negative emotion scores, as well as higher productivity in performing the cognitive test (Student t-test, p<0.005-0.001). Concentration on the film subject, as well as the combination of the student’s thoughts and associations around the plot, showed a positive correlation with the amount of relaxation effect.

Conclusions

Our research showed that using the relaxation slide-film (with imagery and music) can provide positive effects on students’ functional state. It also revealed the importance of the relevance of individual experience to the subject of the film to obtain optimal positive effects.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Mindfulness-based interventions and employment: Descriptive analysis of the MER-ACT project
Authors: Castellanos Villaverde T. , Navarro Oliver G. , Torrea Araiz I. , Vidal Bermejo E. , Hospital Moreno A. , Louzao Rojas I. , Fernández-Jiménez E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Evidence shows unemployment as a negative impact factor on a variety of health outcomes. Regarding mental health, unemployment is considered one of the most consolidated risk factors for morbidity. This relationship is considered bi-directional. Prevention and wellness promotion are essential guidelines for mental health providers.

Objectives

To describe the work status in a sample of patients with anxiety disorders after two types of group mindfulness-based interventions in the MER-ACT project.

Methods

A descriptive analysis was conducted on work status before and 6 months after two types of mindfulness-based interventions. The group treatments were Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and a Mindfulness-based Emotional Regulation intervention, during 8 weeks, guided by two Clinical Psychology residents. The employment change was calculated (percentage of change from unemployed or temporary incapacity to employed).

Results

The work status of participants of the sample (n = 40), before and 6 months after interventions, were employed: 55% vs. 60%; temporary incapacity: 12.5% vs. 12.5%; unemployed: 25% vs. 20% and others: 7.5% vs. 7.5%. In the same period, the unemployment rate in the Spanish general population was from 13.8% to 14.5%. After 6 months the percentage of change on work status was 25% (15% improved their employment situation).

Conclusions

Preliminary results show worse work status of participants compared to the Spanish general population. It is recommendable to include well-established risk factor measurements to establish the effectiveness of interventions in mental health. More research is required to determine the impact of interventions on the employment status.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
The effects of Workplace violence on healthcare workers in Tunisia
Authors: Mnif M. , Smaoui N. , Feki R. , Gassara I. , Omri S. , Maalej M. , Charfi N. , Ben Thabet J. , Zouari L. , Maalej M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Exposure to violence affects employees and has implications for the quality of care provided.

Objectives

This study aims to describe the effects of workplace violence on nurses in psychiatric and emergency departments.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study involving 60 nurses practising in the psychiatry and emergency services at the Hedi Chaker and Habib Borguiba University Hospital in Sfax. We collected the socio-demographic and professional data of the participants using a pre-established questionnaire.

Results

The average age was 35 years and 51 % of respondents were female. Ninety-three percent of the respondents were victims of an act of violence. The violence was verbal in 90%, physical in 70%, psychological in 62% and sexual in 11% of cases. The classification of acts of violence according to the scale of seriousness of the national observatory of violence in health care revealed a predominance of level 1 violence characterised by insults (66%) and level 2 violence with threats to physical integrity (65%). Level 3 violence (physical violence) was the most frequent (70%). Two cases of level 4 violence with knives were reported. These acts of violence generated wounds in 21%, fractures in 10%, haematomas in 10% and bruises in 8% of cases. Thirty-six nurses (60%) reported that the act of violence was responsible for a feeling of insecurity.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate the need for hospital center managers to set up organizational policies against workplace violence and to apply them in a rigorous and transparent manner.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychiatric symptoms in autoimmune encephalitis. A case report
Authors: Torregrosa Martínez H. , Franco Soler A. , Cerame A. , Coucheiro Limeres P. , Hortal De Pablo I.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Early stages of autoimmune encefalitis (AE) often present cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as personality change, irritability, axiety, depression, behavioral disorders, hallucinations, disorientation, sleep-wake cycle reversals, …). Thus often these cases are first treated as psychiatric disorders.

Objectives

A literature review throughout a case report presentation.

Methods

We present the case of a 25-year old female with a medical history of iron-deficiency anemia who arrives at the emergency service. She presents the following one week of evolution clinical picture: complex auditive hallucinations, behavioral disturbances, sleep disorder and short term memory impairment. Neurological examination, LP and craneal CT are all normal. CSF analysis has no abnormalities. Thus she entered the psychiatric ward. There she was treated with neuroleptics with no improvement of symptoms presenting a severe psychomotor agitation and language impairment. After neurology interconsultation AE is suspected.

Results

She was performed an EEG (left temporal epileptiform activity), CSF (inflammatory pattern), MRI (bilateral temporal lobe hyperintensity). Suspecting limbic encephalitis the presence of anti-NMDAR antibodies was tested , which turned out to be positive. First she was treated with corticotherapy with mild results. Then she was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin improving significantly.

Conclusions

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is usually a multistage illness. Early in the course of disease psychiatric manifestations are not rare. Therefore the proper diagnosis and approach of AE may requiere a highly organized assessment, starting with detailed history and physical examination and an appropriate testing to exclude other possible relevant pathologies.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Specifics of Kandinsky–Clérambault syndrome with religious delusion of possession in schizophrenia
Authors: Gedevani E. , Kopeiko G. , Borisova O. , Popovich U.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Kandinsky–Clérambault syndrome with religious delusion of possession (KSRDP) in schizophrenia is insufficiently explored phenomenon. The syndrome characterized by significant severity of clinical state, high social risks and resistance to psychopharmacotherapy and requires the close attention.

Objectives

To analyze psychopathological specifics of KSRDP and to identify the prognosis, dynamics of schizophrenia with KSRDP.

Methods

Thirty four patients (18 women; 16 men; the average age 28 ± 9,5 years) with schizophrenia (F20.0, F20.01, F20.02 according to ICD-10) were examined by psychopathological, psychometrical and statistical methods

Results

The specifics of the syndrome is delusional belief in possession by demonic or divine ‘spiritual being’,
invaded within the body. This possession is interpreted by patients as the totality of mind, body and soul control; and in several cases – as the appearance of a new identity. According to the “classical” Kandinsky–Clérambault syndrome, KSRDP accompanied by extensive psychic automatisms (ideational, cenestopathic, kinaesthetic), haptic and olfactory pseudo-hallucinations. Furthermore the specific hallucinations for KSRDP (Hallucinationen der Gemeingefühlsempfindun by von Krafft-Ebing, R.) are observed, which based on sensory-spatial imaginary sensations, with a clear localization in the field of a visceral sensitivity (as a material object with a certain shape, consistency, size, and weight).

Conclusions

In contrast with “classical” paranoid syndrome of Kandinsky–Clérambault when negative effect is usually perceived by patients as external influence, KSRDP is characterized by delusional idea of ‘spiritual being’s invasion inside the body, mind and soul to control the whole human’s existence. Patients with KSRDP require specific treatment and management due to the religious content of delusion.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Dynamics of emotional disorders in students of medical university in the context of the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Mozgova T. , Leshchyna I. , Tieroshyna I. , Kozhyna H. , Fedorchenko S. , Gaichuk L. , Zelenska K. , Strelnikova I.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The covid-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on the mental health of the entire population.

Objectives

To determine the dynamics of emotional disorders in medical students in the context of the covid-19 pandemic.

Methods

Methods of research. An online survey of medical university students was conducted during the covid-19 pandemic. The Beck scale was used.

Results

Results and its discussion. According to a dynamic study of emotional disorders in medical students, which was held during 12 months of covid-19 pandemic, emotional disturbance in the form of depressive manifestations associated with the covid-19 pandemic did not reduced. In addition, the results of the study indicated a change in the structure of depressive manifestations in the surveyed in favor of milder depressive manifestations (27.2%; 24.0%) and a decrease in the prevalence of moderate and severe manifestations of depression (3.0%; 5.3%).

Conclusions

The long-covid pandemic has a negative effect on the mental health of medical students and lead to emotional disturbances in the form of depressive manifestations of varying severity. The compensatory possibilities of mental activity proceed unilaterally with a change in the structure of emotional disorders; adaptation to a stress factor is not formed. Disclosure of interest.– The authors have not supplied a conflict of interest statement.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Lithium-Renal and brain induced toxicity
Authors: Zrelli M. , Bergaoui E. , Staali N. , Souabni K. , Melki W.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Lithium can induce renal and neurotoxic effects, particularly if it is combined with a neuroleptic or if there is an intercurrent condition. The neurological sequelae may be irreversible.

Objectives

To show the renal and neurotoxic effects of lithium and the risk of its association with haloperidol.

Methods

A case of irreversible lithium neurotoxicity wih renal sequelae.

Results

This case report is about a 57-year-old patient with a bipolar disorder type 1. She was well stabilized on lithium.On December 2020, the patient had an increased level of creatinine, therefore her medication was stopped. She developed a manic episode then she was switched on Haldol 25mg and lithium. After 4 days, she had a neuroleptic malignant syndrome with renal and neurological sequelae.. She was referred to us after her discharge from intensive care. The patient was agitated, anxious, sad with a superficial contact and a well-structured speech. She had delusional ideas of prejudice about her husband. On physical examination, she had a parkinsonian syndrome, moderate organic renal failure with a clearance of 45.93 ml/min. On the cerebral MRI, she had a diffuse cotico-subcortical atrophy with bilateral frontal predominance and vascular leukopathy. The most probable cause was the iatrogenic effects of the association of lithium and haloperidol. We decided to stop all medications and the patient got better.

Conclusions

Recognizing the neurotoxic effect of lithium and making an early diagnosis is a crucial determinant in the evolution of the disease and its irreversibility. Polypharmacy and comorbidities appear to be important precipitating factors for lithium toxicity.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Patterns of clozapine use, misuse and disuse in a mental health area in southern Spain
Authors: Muñoz-Manchado L.I. , Mongil-Sanjuan J.M. , Pascual Paño J.M. , Rodríguez-Gómez C. , Torrecilla-Olavarrieta R. , Pérez-Revuelta J.I. , González-Saiz F. , Villagrán-Moreno J.M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Evidence supports clozapine as the best treatment in terms of efficacy, effectiveness and well-being, and as the gold standard in treatment-resistant psychotic disorders. Clozapine remains still underused, suffering initiation delays from 1.1 to 9.7 years. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of data about patterns of use, showing high variability worldwide (0.6-189.2/100. 000 inhabitants).

Objectives

The main objective of this work is to carry out an analysis of the use of clozapine in our mental health catchment area. Thus, off-label use, the percentage of patients with clozapine depending on diagnosis, age and sex, and its use in mono and polytherapy are established. Besides, dosage and time between the first contact and the start of treatment with clozapine are recorded.

Methods

A descriptive study has been developed on the patients with clozapine who consulted in the catchment area of the Jerez Mental Health Service between 2018 and 2019. Data were extracted from medical records.

Results

From our population of 456.752 inhabitants, 449 patients received clozapine. 278 (61.9%) had a schizophrenia diagnosis; 33 (7.3%) delusional disorder and 34 (7,6%) schizoaffective disorder. The off-label use of clozapine was 19,1 %. The average mean dose used was 246,2 mg/day and 59% of the patients on clozapine were on polytherapy. Only 14,7% of these patients had a previous trial with clozapine on monotherapy.

Conclusions

Rates of polytherapy, previous trials of clozapine monotherapy, off label use, rates of discontinuation and other variables are to be considered to precisely map the adequate use of clozapine in clinical settings.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Treating Patients with Aripiprazol: A Safe Gamble?
Authors: Leal B. , Vila-Chã D. , Garcia S. , Pinto I. , Mateiro R. , Avelino M. , Martins M. , Salgado J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Aripiprazole (ARI) is an atypical antipsychotic drug with D2 partial agonist properties, usually prescribed to treat mood disorders (major depression or bipolar disorder) and schizophrenic disorder (schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder). Dopamine receptor agonists, as is ARI, have been implicated in some cases of impulse-control problems, such as gambling disorder (GD), increased spending, hypersexuality and compulsive eating.

Objectives

Currently, it is hypothesized that aripiprazole may cause impulse-control problems because it can produce a hyperdopaminergic state in the mesolimbic pathway (reward system) through its predominant action on dopamine D3 receptors. We intend to do a non-systematic review of the scientific information regarding this subject.

Methods

The authors revised the published literature about this topic, selecting relevant articles, systematic reviews and case reports, with the topic words: “aripiprazol”, “gambling disorder” and “dopamine receptor” in scientific data base.

Results

Overall, a few cases of ARI-induced pathological gambling as well as ARI-induced hypersexuality have been reported. In one study it was verified that comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders were common among those who have experienced GD or worsened GD after beginning ARI treatment. In another study, it was verified that the group of patients who reported this alleged side-effect were mostly young (mean age, 33.6 years), mostly men (88.2%) and most lived alone.

Conclusions

Attributing to dopamine agonists the only factor that can explain the onset of GD is simplistic and dangerous. Many other potential risk factors, including individual vulnerability factors (temperament, genetics) as well as environmental factors, must be considered.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Therapeutic use of ayahuasca: a review of the evidence of its use in approaching depressive disorders
Authors: Simões G. , Jesus S. , Silva R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Ayahuasca (AYA) is a psychotropic plant from South America used for religious purposes by indigenous people of the Amazon. Increasing evidence indicates that AYA may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of mental health disorders like depression – a common life-disrupting, highly recurrent disorder – that is among the leading causes of disability worldwide.

Objectives

The aim of this exploratory study is to gather and assess scientific evidence about clinical effects of AYA in the treatment and symptomatological expression of patients with depression.

Methods

A literature research was conducted on PubMed, starting from the MeSH terms: “Banisteriopsis” and “Depression”. Results corresponding to investigations using AYA, and based on an adult population with depressive disorders, were selected for our analysis.

Results

The research provided 8 results, of which 6 met the defined criteria. Different types of studies with variable samples were considered, including retrospective and prospective observational studies, meta-analysis and a narrative review. Overall, evidence about the use of AYA in depressive disorders is associated to reductions in depression scales, to significant antidepressant effects and in mediating improvement of grief symptoms. AYA administration increased introspection and positive mood, self-acceptance, empathy, openness and potentiated improvements in emotional processing. The underlying potential mechanisms, adverse effects and the current limitations related to its study and use are analysed and discussed.

Conclusions

The use of AYA in depression shows promising results that should be further explored in controlled trials with larger sample sizes, in order to better evaluate its clinical effects, safety profile and related short and long-term effects.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Rare occurence of amennorrhea associated with olanzapine : a case report
Authors: Khivsara A. , Goya D. , Nebhinani N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Amenorrhea secondary to hyperprolactinemia is one of the frequent adverse effects associated with the use of atypical antipyschotics. It is often neglected but can interrupt the compliance of treatment. Several studies indicate that olanzapine does not significantly affect serum prolactin levels in the long term, although contrary has been observed in few case reports.

Objectives

To report a case of olanzapine-induced amenorrhea due to hyperprolactinemia.

Methods

A 27-year-old woman with history of stillbirth 5 months prior, presented to OPD with hallucinatory behaviour and socio-occupational dysfunction for 5 months. She was on tianeptine 12.5 mg, escitalopram 10 mg and alprazolam 0.5 mg at presentation and was having regular menses. On assessment, she was diagnosed with unspecified psychosis. Her ongoing medications were stopped and she was started on Olanzapine (optimized to 20 mg/day) after which she reported significant improvement however developed amenorrhea within next 2 months hence advised to consult Obgyn. Urine pregnancy test came out negative and prolactin level was found to be 64.2 ng/ml. Other investigations including MRI were within normal limit. Olanzapine was cross tapered with Aripiprazole (maintained at 10 mg/day). Clonazepam was advised SOS for anxiety.

Results

After 1 month of aripiprazole treatment, monthly menses resumed and prolactin level returned to normal range. No biological dysfunction or other side effects were reported by the patient.

Conclusions

Olanzapine-induced amennorhea secondary to hyperprolactinemia, is a rare but possible event. We report a case in which olanzapine induced amenorrhea normalized after switching to aripiprazole. Baseline prolactin level should be obtained as they help in the management of patients with neuroleptic-induced hyperprolactinemia.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Monitoring sertraline and clozapine levels
Authors: Rodriguez Campos A. , Rodriguez Andrés L. , Medina Ojeda G. , Santos Carrasco I. , Gonçalves Cerejeira J. , Gonzaga A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

One of the most frequent side effects seen when prescribing sertraline and clozapine together is the appearance of a seizure crisis. This event is usually related to an increase of plasmatic concentration due to interactions of these drugs with blood components.

Objectives

To investigate the effects of clozapine when combined with other drugs, especially its effects increasing plasmatic concentration.

Methods

A patient was treated sith 300 mg/day of clozapine followed by a treatment with sertraline 50 mg/day, which increases plasmatic concentration. The combination of these treatments produced seizures. Other works published about interactions are reviewed.

Results

It is important to monitor clozapine dosages to avoid increasing plasmatic concentration, especially if other drugs that have this effect are also administered.

Conclusions

It is important to monitor clozapine dosages to avoid increasing plasmatic concentration, especially if other drugs that have this effect are also administered.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Dopamine dysregulation syndrome after prescription of dopamine agonists: a case report
Authors: Costa M.L. , Cerame A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

We present the case of a 65-year-old woman with multiple and chronic psychosomatic symptoms. Due to motor impairments she was diagnosed in 2009 with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) by the neurology department and empirical treatment with levodopa was prescribed. However, the patient increased her levodopa intake by three times the recommended dose. The patient presented many adverse effects, including psychotic symptoms, that were interrupted after the levodopa intake was ended during a two month internament in a psychiatric unit. Dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) is a condition in which patients with PD increase their levodopa intake without an objective worsening of motor symptoms. Higher-than-prescribed doses are taken by patients who develop tolerance and dependence to dopaminergic agonists.

Objectives

To analyse the prevalence of DDS, its diagnosis and treatment as well as the identification of risk factors.

Methods

A case report is presented alongside a review of the relevant literature regarding DDS.

Results

The available evidence suggests that the main risk factors for DDS are a history of mood disorders and behavioural disorders, but more studies are needed. Given that DDS is considered a rare adverse effect, physicians usually overlook voluntary dose increase by patients.

Conclusions

DDS, even though uncommon, has severe adverse effects such as dependence and acute psychosis. Before prescription of dopamine agonists, individual risk factors (such as psychiatric comorbidities or history of substance abuse) should be assessed. Also, patients and families should be informed and trained in alarm signs detection. Further studies would be justified to determine DDS prevalence, early diagnosis and treatment.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Telepsychiatry for the Elderly
Authors: Stoppe G.
Published: September 2022

For many old people with mental health problems, access to psychotherapeutic and psychiatric help is often difficult. This is partly because going to a psychiatrist is still stigmatised, especially among the older generation. On the other hand, therapists with an interest in and competence for older people are often not sufficiently available even in the well-supplied western countries. In this situation, digitalisation offers various opportunities. Basically, the internet is a good way to promote health literacy. Classic psychoeducation can certainly be offered on the internet. And psychotherapy can also be administered with the help of the internet. Especially in the COVID-19 pandemic, the possibilities of internet-based therapies, for example Zoom or other techniques, were practised. This means that people with limited mobility can also receive therapy over long distances. This technology also makes it possible, for example, for the migrant population to receive therapy in their national language. All these possibilities are under development, but may become routine in the future. With the help of the digital possibilities, it is possible to organise helper conference. The professional exchange between relatives, family doctors, psychiatrists and other people in the help system can be easily organised in this way. The method also saves travel time, which is often not reimbursed in the health systems.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. A case report
Authors: Cerame A. , Franco Soler A. , Coucheiro P. , De Hita R. , Costa M.L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Hyperammonemic encephalopathy is an unusual side-effect of the treatment with valproic acid. According to several sources, this side effect could be underdiagnosed and underreported.

Objectives

We present the case of a 54-year-old patient institutionalized in a psychiatric hospital who was referred to a general hospital after an episode of delirium of unknown etiology. The patient had been diagnosed with Schizoaffective disorder 26 years prior to his admittance and had started treatment with valproic acid the previous month.

Methods

A case report is presented alongside a review of the relevant literature regarding valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy, its differential diagnosis and treatment.

Results

During his hospital stay, the patient underwent a complete panel of tests including CT Scan, EEG, toxic panel and complete blood tests. In them the only altered parameter was hyperammonemia, therefore valproic acid was removed and was treated with lactulose and rifaximin to reduce ammonium levels.

Conclusions

Hyperammonemic encephalopathy in the context of the treatment with valproic acid is a side-effect which is more prevalent than what was thought in the past. Valproate could reduce ammonium elimination therefore increasing the levels of the molecule. It should be administered carefully in cases where the patient may be presenting with other causes of increased ammonium metabolism or decreased elimination. It is important to bear in mind this possible side-effect to increase patient’s safety.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychocardiology in a heartbeat: cardiac complications to consider in psychopharmacology
Authors: Conde Moreno M. , Ramalheira F. , Amador R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Antidepressants and antipsychotics have a wide range of cardiac side effects. Although the absolute risk is considered low, some are potentially life-threatening.

Objectives

We aim to review the main cardiological complications of antidepressants and antipsychotics and their management. We will consider 1) QTc prolongation and arrhythmia 2) heart rate 3) blood pressure 4) myocarditis.

Methods

Review of cardiological complications of antidepressants and antipsychotics.

Results

Qtc prolongation is correlated with arrhythmia risk. QTc is obtained with Bazett’s formula, which has limitations. All inpatients and some outpatients starting antipsychotic should undergo ECG. Increased QTc can result in different approaches, depending on severity. Most antidepressants do not significantly affect QTc, except for escitalopram and tricyclics, mostly in overdose. Sinus tachycardia can occur with most antipsychotics. Tricyclics can also produce this effect. Other causes should be excluded, and management can be achieved with bisoprolol. Other antidepressants most commonly produce a slight decrease in heart rate or have a minimal to no effect. Antipsychotics can cause hypertension or hypotension depending on the degree of affinity to specific adrenergic receptors. Tricyclics can lead to postural hypotension. Antidepressants interfering with noradrenaline can cause hypertension. Myocarditis is mostly associated with clozapine. Patients should be screened for clinical signs and laboratory findings - especially in the presence of risk factors. Suspicion should prompt echocardiological examination and confirmation leads to cardiology referral.

Conclusions

Weighing the risks and benefits of these medications is a continuous process. Management of cardiological complications is possible and may involve a multidisciplinary approach.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Clinical difficulties in the treatment of restless legs syndrome: it is the dose that makes poison
Authors: Petrykiv S. , Arts M. , Jonge L.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Polyfarmacy and unjustified use of high dosages of medicaments represent an unmet need in modern psychiatry. Therefore, tidal medication review of hospitalized geriatric patients is an essential step of the disease management as it can be often of vital importance and, as illustrated by current case, can exhibit a tremendeus impact on their quality of life.

Objectives

A case rapport on geriatric patient with iatrogenic damage due to ultra high dosage of ropinirole as a treatment for restless legs syndrome

Methods

Authors of current paper address pharmacodynamic particularities of psychopharmaca and their reasonable choice in context to RLS

Results

A clinical case of a 72 y.o. patient, known with chronic minor depressive symptomes over the past decades. Since few years he did not take any medicaion, except ropinirol for RLS. Because of the worsening of RLS symptomes, he decided on his own to increase the dose of ropinirol up to 12 mg/day. Two moths later he has been admitted to the psychiatric ward with major depression symptomes, suicidal plans, insomnia and profound edema of his both lower legs.

Conclusions

Current case demonstrates that high dose of ropinirole led to tremendous decrease of quality of life of the patient, and pushed him towards concrete suicidal plans. We advocate for careful assessing of the dose of every drug used; avoiding of polypharmacy by any means and for keeping in consideration that the majority of psychopharmaca leads to deterioration of RLS symptoms through modulation of dopamine pathways.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Idiopathic serontonin syndrome. Can we prevent it?
Authors: Gallardo Borge L. , Santos Carrasco I.D.L.M. , Marqués Cabezas P. , Rodriguez Andrés L. , Rodriguez Campos A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Serotonin syndrome is a mild to potentially life-threatening syndrome associated with excessive serotonergic activity within the central nervous system. Serotonin syndrome is associated with medication use, drug interactions and overdose. All drugs that increase central serotonin neurotransmission at postsynaptic 5-HT1A and 5-HT 2A receptors can produce SS.

Objectives

Clinical case and literature review.

Methods

A 74-year-old female, married, diagnosed of major depressive disorder. Treated with: lithium 600 mg, quetiapine 50 mg, venlafaxine 300 mg. The doses had been maintained for the last months. Lithium levels in the normal range.

Results

In an emergency room, she received a tramadol injection because of strong backpain. After a few hours, she felt an overall worsening, sleepiness and lack of response to external stimuli. Given the persistence of the symptoms and decreased appetite along with decreased water intake, she attended to Hospital. She had a high fever, rigidity and myoclonus. Her language was incoherent. Blood tests showed high CK, and high AST and ALT.

Conclusions

SS is a potentially fatal iatrogenic complication of serotonergic polypharmacy. Considered idiopathic in presentation, it appears tipically after initiation or dose escalation of the offending agent to a regimen including other serotonergic agents. While serotonin syndrome is often associated with the use of selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRI), an increasing number of reports are being presented involving the use of tramadol. It is vital that clinicians are aware of the potential for SS when psychotropic and non-psychotropic agents are co-administered to certain patients, such as those with both depression and pain.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Priapism secondary to antipsychotic treatments with favorable response to amisulpride
Authors: Pérez Balaguer A. , Sanz-Aranguez-Ávila B. , Estévez-Peña B. , Fernández-Guisasola P. , Moyano-Ramírez E.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Priapism is an abnormally prolonged erection, painful and irreducible, unrelated to sexual stimulation. Around 25-40% of cases are iatrogenic, especially associated with pharmacological treatments, of which antipsychotics (first and second generation) account for 50%.

Objectives

The aim is to discuss a clinical case to provide further evidence.

Methods

The patient was a 37-year-old man with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who was admitted for clinical decompensation. He had stopped antipsychotic treatment three months earlier due to side effects. He reported previous episodes of priapism associated with Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, and Paliperidone. At admission, he was administered Asenapine 20mg with development of priapism. Treatment was stopped. The urologists performed a lavage of the corpora cavernosa and administered adrenaline. In the absence of effectiveness, surgical intervention was successfully performed. Given the psychopathological improvement, he was discharged without antipsychotic treatment and close follow-up.

Results

He presented a new admission one month later. Amisulpride was prescribed up to 800mg/day with good evolution and no adverse effects.

Conclusions

Antipsychotic-induced priapism appears to be related to the blockade of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in the corpora cavernosa. There is a positive correlation between the affinity for the receptor and the propensity to cause priapism. The dose and duration of the medication do not appear to be correlated. Other risk factors are a history of previous episodes, restarting medication after noncompliance, use of concomitant substances or medications that cause priapism. Our choice of amisulpride was based on the fact that it has no affinity for alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.