bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integração das metodologias do PDP e Pmbok na área de gestão do design
Authors: Alves Milena Carneiro , Azevedo Patrícia Silva
Published: May 2017

O desenvolvimento de produtos esteve atrelado desde o início das civilizações à racionalidade humana em satisfazer as suas necessidades. Com a evolução industrial, conceitos, gerenciamentos e processos de produção de objetos foram se modificando, buscando sempre a rapidez, mas com baixa eficiência e impactos negativos.  Atualmente o Designer compreende informações metodológicas de diferentes áreas, viabilizando a melhor interação estratégica de produção. Assim, busca-se neste trabalho o aprimoramento do processo de Gestão em Design, por meio da integração de seus conceitos, com as metodologias do Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produto (PDP) e do Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK).
Estratégias de replicação e soluções de design para uma organização Criativa e colaborativa: inovação social no acesso à leitura e educação básica
Authors: Barauna Debora , Teixeira Edson Sidnei Maciel , Chaves Liliane Iten
Published: May 2017

A inovação social têm emergido de organizações criativas e colaborativas. Pressupõe-se que tais iniciativas podem ser replicadas e/ou melhoradas por meio de soluções de design. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi difundir a ideia da organização Omunga Grife Social. Esta iniciativa promove o acesso à leitura para crianças e adolescentes. O método aplicado foi o estudo de caso, apoiado pelo toolkit da Rede Internacional DESIS e ferramentas do design de serviços. Os resultados obtidos foram o delineamento do modelo de gestão da organização e o entendimento do seu sistema de atuação e processo de interação entre as partes interessadas.
Identification and Quantification of Natural Lecithin Phospholipids and Their Residuals in Freeze-Dried and Drum-Dried Fruits and Vegetables by LC-MS and HPLC-ELSD
Authors: Xia Xiaoyan , Gallegos-Peretz Tiffany , Nemzer Boris V.
Published: May 2017

Sunflower lecithin is commonly used as a food processing agent. In this study, residues of sunflower lecithin phospholipids in drum-dried fruits and vegetables were investigated. The contents of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were of interest due to their natural levels in fresh fruits and vegetables as well as their residues after the drum drying process. Identification of these compounds in freeze-dried and drum-dried fruits and vegetables was conducted by normal-phase and reverse-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with Q Exactive Orbitrap electrospray mass spectrometry. Quantification of phosphatidylcholine in various fruits and vegetables was performed using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). The quantification results from these various products demonstrate that use of de-oiled sunflower lecithin as a processing agent in the drum drying production process does not affect the quality of final drum-dried products.
Self-Regulated Learning and the Use of Online Portfolios: A Social Cognitive Perspective
Authors: Sasai Lalida
Published: May 2017

This study highlights the interrelationship among self-regulated learning (SRL) skills, the use of online portfolios, and social cognitive learning theory. It was conducted as a longitudinal mixed-methods study over one academic year with students enrolled in a postgraduate professional practice programme. The study used both quantitative and qualitative statistical analyses. Results showed a strong positive correlation between SRL skills and the perceptions of the usefulness of online portfolios. Based on these results, the researcher have suggested a new model which integrates students′ use of online portfolios; the influence of online portfolios on students′ SRL skills and vice versa; and the three social cognitive learning theory factors of person, behaviour and environment and their effect on students′ SRL skills across the three phases of forethought, performance, and self-reflection within an online learning environment.
Financial Literacy Level of Individuals and Its Relationships to Demographic Variables
Authors: Yıldırım Murat , Bayram Fatih , Oğuz Ahmet , Günay Gülay
Published: May 2017

Families act in an environment of financing system which includes the pressure of the economic powers. Under these economic conditions, standards of living of individuals who fail to take optimal financial decisions and to exhibit due financial behaviors undergo some change. Individuals’ self-consciousness on financial issues will not only prepare them for prospective hard economic conditions that may emerge in the future but also supports the development of the country on strong basis. In this perspective, the awareness of financial literacy will help to use the limited sources more affectively. Recently in this economic pressure financial literacy has become an increasingly important topic. The main purpose of this study is examining individual’s financial literacy level and determining the relationship between demographic variables and financial literacy. Participants in the study consist of individual who are employees in iron and steel industry and dwelling in Karabuk, Turkey. A total of 304 employees are participated in the study on a voluntary basis. Data were collected through a demographic information form, Financial Literacy Index developed by Van Rooji et al. (2011). Financial Literacy Index includes two sections: basic financial literacy (5 items) and advantage financial literacy (11 items). Results indicated that only 8.9% of the participants have correctly answered the five basic financial literacy items. The proportion of the correct answered in advantage financial literacy section (11 items) was too low (0.3%). The statistical analyses displayed that from demographic variables only education and monthly income was important determinant, both of basic and advantage financial literacy (p<0.05). The results of this research have significant implications for individuals, policymakers and educators in their search of strategies for improving individuals’ financial literacy level.
Factors Militating Against Prompt Delivery of Construction Projects in Lagos Megacity, Nigeria: Contractors’ Perspective
Authors: Ogunde Ayodeji Olubunmi , Dafe Odje Emmanuel , Akinola Gbemisola Ajoke , Ogundipe Kunle Elizah , Oloke Olayinka Clement , Ademola Sakariyau Adeboye , Akuete Eseohe , Olaniran Hezekiah Farayola
Published: May 2017

Delay is a common issue faced in the construction industry all over the world especially in developing countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors causing delays and their effects on construction projects in Lagos Mega City, Nigeria from the contractors’ perspective. It is predicated on the incessant delay experienced by contractors on construction projects. Purposive sampling method was adopted for the study;. Quantitative data was obtained by administration of One hundred (100) structured questionnaires distributed to contractors of construction project sites in Lagos State and Qualitative data was obtained from interview of key management personnel of the companies and journals. Ranking analysis of the 33 major causes of delays identified through literature review using Relative Importance Index (RII) showed that cash flow problems during construction (RII=4.81), clients’ financial difficulties (RII=4.47) and poor procurement (RII=4.40) were the most importantt causes of delays in construction project sites in Lagos State, Cost overrun (RII=4.92), late payment (RII=4.59) and project extension (RII=4.45) were predominant effects of delay in construction project. Hypotheses testing on relationship between shortage of skilled labour, improper equipment during construction and delay in construction project using One-Way ANOVA showed positive correlation. For improved efficiency and effective project delivery in the industry, proper payment from client (RII=4.78), competent project managers (RII=4.64), the use of experienced subcontractors and suppliers (RII=4.48) should be encouraged to mitigate against delay in construction projects.
Legal Protection Setting of Post-Divorce Women’s Rights: Case Study of Siri Marriage in Lombok
Authors: Abdullah Idrus ,   Djumardin
Published: May 2017

Siri marriage, known in various terms such as under hand marriage and undocumented marriage, is a marriage based on religious rules or customs and is not recorded in the Office of Religious Affairs for Muslims or the Office of Civil Registry for non-Muslims. Factors influencing the occurrence of siri marriage are; economy, social, culture, education, and religious beliefs in the legality of siri marriage. The legal consequences of not doing registration of marriages would harm spouses or those who are married even though the marriage is performed in accordance with religion and beliefs because it is considered invalid if it has not been recorded by the Office of Religious Affairs or the Office of Civil Registry. Furthermore, children who are born in an undocumented marriage are considered illegitimate and also only have a civil relationship with mother or mother’s family (Article 42 and 43 of the Act on Marriage).
Influence of Social Capital on Consumption Per Capita Income and Poverty Alleviation in Tertiary Institution Cooperative Thrift and Credit Society
Authors: Ringim Kabiru Jinjiri , Shuaib Sayedi Ndagi
Published: May 2017

This study investigated the influence of social capital on members′ consumption per capita income and poverty alleviation in Cooperative Thrift and Credit Society of Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger state- Nigeria. Low income level and poverty influence the employees of the polytechnic to partake in cooperative society through the contribution of money/credit referred to as social capital. Data were collected using field research survey approach involving hand delivery of questionnaire. Simple random technique of probability sampling method was used to draw a sample size of 255 members from the population of 702 academic and non- academic members of the cooperative society. The regression results indicated that social capital dimension such as educational qualification and membership duration has significant influence on consumption while social capital indicator such as income and educational qualification has significant influence on poverty alleviation. Other variables such as gender, marital status, work status and savings were insignificant. The study therefore recommends that regulators and policy makers should encourage savings mobilization from members′ income or salary in order to boost consumption and alleviate poverty. This is because income has insignificant influence on consumption and significant influence on poverty alleviation in Cooperative Thrift and Credit Society of Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger state. The results of this study are unique and worth in solving problems that are facing cooperative associations in Nigeria.
Water as Blue Economy for Sustainable Growth in Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Aftab  , Sana Naseem  , Yasir Ameen  , Zubair Safdar
Published: May 2017

: Water as Blue economy is a viable and prudent use of oceans and other water resources for the economic development of a country. Pakistan’s blue economic growth is heavily dependent on; aquatic life, agriculture, biotechnology, energy, health and recreational sector. The paper focuses the relationship of blue economy, i.e. water resources of Pakistan with respect to the several sectors and to investigate water as an economic commodity and highlighting the limiting factors which directly or indirectly affecting the blue economic development of the country thus suggesting the possible solution to overcome the barriers. The secondary data from 1992-2015 has been taken for the analysis of generation of blue capital in Pakistan. The contributing factors impeding the blue economy are; over-exploitation of oceanic resources, deterioration of water quality, lack of awareness and research activities for utilization of marine resources efficiently, bungling of water consumption practice in agriculture, dearth of consistent water ruling system, dilapidation of coastal ecosystem due to human activities, absence of infrastructure and technological advancement for energy production from stored or waste water, and lack of asset for the exploration of useful drugs and by-products from water sediment and in offshore energy production sector. The effective management and governance of available resources, especially for; Irrigation practices, political stability, effective policy framework, tangible investments in water-energy and technological sectors, accessibility of blue resources to the poor and under privilege community and efficient presiding system for the diminution of the synchronization gap between all controlling, monitoring and evaluation are required for viable blue economic development in Pakistan.
Datos abiertos de investigación. Camino recorrido y cuestiones pendientes
Authors: Peset Fernanda , Aleixandre-Benavent Rafael , Blasco-Gil Yolanda , Ferrer-Sapena Antonia
Published: May 2017

Los aspectos profesionales y técnicos asociados a la gestión de datos de investigación han avanzado ─infraestructuras tecnológicas o metadatos de descripción─, mientras que otros siguen siendo objeto de estudio. Este trabajo revisa la incidencia de lo abierto para sistematizar los últimos avances producidos y las tendencias que dirigen la investigación. Desde la experiencia en este campo resaltamos los retos que quedan por esclarecer y las cuestiones que se están definiendo, más alejadas de la práctica profesional en la gestión de este tipo de información. Cuestiones por investigar son por ejemplo la evolución de los modelos de publicación de datos; el estudio del comportamiento de los autores; las formas de reconocimiento del trabajo; o las métricas de uso de los datos. El trabajo ilumina el camino a seguir en la arena internacional.
Synthekines are surrogate cytokine and growth factor agonists that compel signaling through non-natural receptor dimers
Authors: Moraga Ignacio , Spangler Jamie B , Mendoza Juan L , Gakovic Milica , Wehrman Tom S , Krutzik Peter , Garcia K Christopher
Published: May 2017

Cytokine and growth-factor ligands typically signal through homo- or hetero-dimeric cell surface receptors via Janus Kinase (JAK/TYK), or Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK)-mediated trans-phosphorylation. However, the number of receptor dimer pairings occurring in nature is limited to those driven by natural ligands encoded within our genome. We have engineered synthethic cytokines (synthekines) that drive formation of cytokine receptor dimer pairings that are not formed by endogenous cytokines and that are not found in nature, and which activate distinct signaling programs. We show that a wide range of non-natural cytokine receptor hetero-dimers are competent to elicit a signaling output. We engineered synthekine ligands that assembled IL-2Rβ/IL-4Rα or IL-4Rα/IFNAR2 receptor heterodimers, that do not occur naturally, triggering signaling and functional responses distinct from those activated by the endogenous cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IFN. Furthermore, hybrid synthekine ligands that dimerized a JAK/STAT cytokine receptor with a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) also elicited a signaling response. Synthekines represent a new family of synthetic ligands with pre-defined receptors, but 'orphan' functions, that enable the full combinatorial scope of dimeric signaling receptors encoded within the human genome to be exploited for basic research and drug discovery.
Crystal structure of the 2‐iminoglutarate‐bound complex of glutamate dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Tomita Takeo , Yin Lulu , Nakamura Shugo , Kosono Saori , Kuzuyama Tomohisa , Nishiyama Makoto
Published: May 2017

The NADP+‐dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgGDH) is considered to be one of the key enzymes in the industrial fermentation of glutamate due to its high glutamate‐producing activity. We determined the crystal structure of CgGDH complexed with NADP+ and 2‐iminoglutarate. Among six subunits of hexameric CgGDH‐binding NADP+, only four subunits bind 2‐iminoglutarate in a closed form, while the other two are in an open form. In the closed form, 2‐iminoglutarate is bound to the substrate‐binding site with the 2‐imino group stacked by the nicotinamide ring of the coenzyme, suggesting a prehydride transfer state in a hypothesized reaction scheme with the imino intermediate. We also conducted MD simulations and provide insights into the extreme preference for the glutamate‐producing reaction of CgGDH.

Database

The atomic coordinate and structure factors have been deposited in the RCSB PDB database under the accession number 5GUD.
Protein NCRII‐18: the role of gene fusion in the molecular evolution of restriction endonucleases
Authors: Ibryashkina Elena M. , Solonin Alexander S. , Zakharova Marina V.
Published: May 2017

This work first constructed the fusion protein NCRII‐18 by fusing the restriction endonuclease Ecl18kI gene and part of the gene coding for the N‐terminal domain of the endonuclease EcoRII. The fusion of the EcoRII N‐terminal domain leads to a change in the properties of the recombinant protein. Unlike Ecl18kI, which made the basis of NCRII‐18, the fusion protein predominantly recognizes the CCWGG sites, having lost the capability of interacting with the CCSGG sites. Experimental data support the hypothesis of a close evolutionary relationship between type IIE and IIP restriction endonucleases via a recombination between domains with active site structure and elements for recognition with domains responsible for recognition of DNA sequences.
A global probabilistic study of the ocean heat content low‐frequency variability: Atmospheric forcing versus oceanic chaos
Authors: Sérazin Guillaume , Jaymond Alexandre , Leroux Stéphanie , Penduff Thierry , Bessières Laurent , Llovel William , Barnier Bernard , Molines Jean‐Marc , Terray Laurent
Published: May 2017

A global 1/4° ocean/sea ice 50‐member ensemble simulation is used to disentangle the low‐frequency imprints of the atmospherically forced oceanic variability and of the chaotic intrinsic oceanic variability (IOV) on the large‐scale (10° × 10°) ocean heat content (OHC) between 1980 and 2010. The IOV explains most of the interannual‐to‐decadal large‐scale OHC variance over substantial fractions of the global ocean area that increase with depth: 9%, 22%, and 31% in the 0–700 m, 700–2000 m and 2000 m bottom layers, respectively. Such areas concern principally eddy‐active regions, mostly found in the Southern Ocean and in western boundary current extensions, and also concern the subtropical gyres at intermediate and deep levels. The oceanic chaos may also induce random multidecadal fluctuations so that large‐scale regional OHC trends computed on the 1980–2010 period cannot be unambiguously attributed to the atmospheric forcing in several oceanic basins at various depths. These results are likely to raise detection and attribution issues from real observations.
Cross‐shore transport of nearshore sediment by river plume frontal pumping
Authors: Horner‐Devine Alexander R. , Pietrzak Julie D. , Souza Alejandro J. , McKeon Margaret A. , Meirelles Saulo , Henriquez Martijn , Flores Raúl P. , Rijnsburger Sabine
Published: May 2017

We present a new mechanism for cross‐shore transport of fine sediment from the nearshore to the inner shelf resulting from the onshore propagation of river plume fronts. Onshore frontal propagation is observed in moorings and radar images, which show that fronts penetrate onshore through the nearshore and surf zone, almost to the waterline. During frontal passage a two‐layer counterrotating velocity field characteristic of tidal straining is immediately set up, generating a net offshore flow beneath the plume. The seaward flow at depth carries with it high suspended sediment concentrations, which appear to have been generated by wave resuspension in the nearshore region. These observations describe a mechanism by which vertical density stratification can drive exchange of material between the nearshore region and the inner shelf. To our knowledge these are the first observations of this frontal pumping mechanism, which is expected to play an important role in sediment transport near river mouths.
Impact of oceanic warming on electromagnetic oceanic tidal signals: A CMIP5 climate model‐based sensitivity study
Authors: Saynisch J. , Petereit J. , Irrgang C. , Thomas M.
Published: May 2017

In contrast to ocean circulation signals, ocean tides are already well detectable by electromagnetic measurements. Oceanic electric conductivities from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate simulations are combined with tidal currents of M2 and O1 to estimate electromagnetic tidal signals and their sensitivity to global warming. Ninety‐four years of global warming leads to differences of ±0.3 nT in tidal magnetic amplitudes and ±0.1 mV/km in the tidal electric amplitudes at sea level. Locally, the climate‐induced changes can be much higher, e.g., +1 nT in the North Atlantic. In general, all studied electromagnetic tidal amplitudes show large‐scale climate‐induced anomalies that are strongest in the Northern Hemisphere and amount to 30% of their actual values. Consequently, changes in oceanic electromagnetic tidal amplitudes should be detectable in electromagnetic records. Electric and magnetic signals, as well as tides of different frequencies, contain complementary regional information.
Dike propagation energy balance from deformation modeling and seismic release
Authors: Bonaccorso Alessandro , Aoki Yosuke , Rivalta Eleonora
Published: May 2017

Magma is transported in the crust mainly by dike intrusions. In volcanic areas, dikes can ascend toward the free surface and also move by lateral propagation, eventually feeding flank eruptions. Understanding dike mechanics is a key to forecasting the expected propagation and associated hazard. Several studies have been conducted on dike mechanisms and propagation; however, a less in‐depth investigated aspect is the relation between measured dike‐induced deformation and the seismicity released during its propagation. We individuated a simple x that can be used as a proxy of the expected mechanical energy released by a propagating dike and is related to its average thickness. For several intrusions around the world (Afar, Japan, and Mount Etna), we correlate such mechanical energy to the seismic moment released by the induced earthquakes. We obtain an empirical law that quantifies the expected seismic energy released before arrest. The proposed approach may be helpful to predict the total seismic moment that will be released by an intrusion and thus to control the energy status during its propagation and the time of dike arrest.
A vision for Water Resources Research
Authors: Clark Martyn P. , Bahr Jean A. , Bierkens Marc F. P. , Cai Ximing , Hogue Terri S. , Luce Charles H. , Lundquist Jessica D. , Mackay D. Scott , van Meerveld H. J. (Ilja) , Rajaram Harihar , Sanchez‐Vila Xavier , Troch Peter A.
Published: May 2017

Water Resources Research (WRR) continues to evolve as the team of international editors begins a new 4 year term of service. In this Editorial we summarize the importance of WRR in the hydrologic sciences, the challenges ahead, and the plans for the future of the journal.
Two‐Hybrid and Related Systems
Authors: Sakhawalkar Neha , Caufield John Harry , Uetz Peter
Published: May 2017

The two‐hybrid system is an incarnation of the split protein assay. Two‐hybrid assays are usually carried out
in vivo
, but modifications are possible
in vitro
. The technique is used to detect interactions between two proteins where the proteins may or may not belong to the same organism. Two‐hybrid assays were originally developed in yeast, but principally they should work in any other eukaryotes. To enable use in bacterial systems, various modifications have been made to the assay by using different split proteins, different types of reporters and different plasmids. Two‐hybrid assays have applications in drug discovery, microbiology, molecular biology and virtually any other study of protein function.

Key Concepts

Split protein assays are typically developed from multidomain proteins, which makes their splitting easier and more predictable.

Split protein assays make use of proteins that can be split and reconstituted non‐covalently.

Two‐hybrid assays can be implemented in bacteria, in eukaryotes or
in vitro
.

Two‐hybrid assays can be used to detect interactions between proteins from distantly related organisms.

Protein–protein interactions can be applied to biomarker discovery, to find drug targets, to determining functions of proteins with unknown function, protein–RNA interactions or even protein–small molecule interactions.
Primary Root
Authors: Verstraeten Inge , De Smet Ive
Published: May 2017

The primary root, or the root that is initiated in the embryo within the seed, is the original root of a plant to discover its soil environment. It is essential for the anchoring of the plant and ensures plant growth through the uptake of water and nutrients. In this review, we describe the tissue organisation of the primary root, not only largely focusing on the model species
Arabidopsis thaliana
but also mentioning some other plant species where relevant. We also flag, non‐comprehensively, some of the molecular factors important for proper root formation and growth, plant growth regulators or hormones that determine primary root growth as well as interactions with the environment that shape the root system and refer to relevant literature for further detailed information.

Key Concepts

The primary root is initiated in the embryo within the seed.

The primary root is only a (small) part of the complex root system architecture.

The primary root is an ideal model system to study cell division, differentiation and identity.

There are complex and tightly regulated molecular patterning events to ensure proper primary root tissue organisation and a lot of these regulations involve plant hormones.

The primary root is a dynamic interface with the soil environment.
Impact of NoncodingDNAon Phenotype Evolution
Authors: Hessen Dag O
Published: May 2017

A major discovery in science wasthe central dogma: that the digital code of DNA was read and translated by RNA into proteins. The information carried by DNA is thus the genotype, which constitutes the phenotype. While the genotype–phenotype discussion primarily concerns the role of ‘real’ protein‐coding genes, the impact of non‐protein‐coding elements like transposons on the phenotype has been less recognised. Such noncoding elements constitute however a major share of most genomes, and genome size per se may display a tremendous variability even between closely related organisms. Whether noncoding elements are parasitic ‘junk DNA’ or are transcribed and thus affect the phenotype is a matter of heated debate. Whether seen as junk or not, noncoding DNA strongly boosts the share genome size, thereby affecting a range of fitness‐related phenotypic traits like mutation rate, genomic flexibility, cell size, body size, morphology, growth rate, behaviour, life cycle and potentially also speciation.

Key Concepts

The central dogma postulates that the blueprint of life is coded in the genes, which is read by RNA to produce protein. Thus the genotype constitutes the phenotype.

The genotype (the sum of all DNA) is in most organisms made up by non‐protein‐coding DNA, often dominated by virus‐like transposable elements, and whether this is ‘junk’ or ‘parasitic’ DNA of which has a clear function is a heated debate.

The C‐value paradox points to the striking variability in genome size even between related organisms, which do not reflect organism complexity.

Even if the noncoding DNA is seen as ‘junk’, it has however wide implications for a range of phenotypic traits such as cell size, growth rate, metabolism and life history and is an important yet often neglected part of the genotype–phenotype link.

The genome is far more flexible and dynamic than often recognised and is still full of surprises.
CNS Aquaporin‐4‐specific B cells connect with multiple B‐cell compartments in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Kowarik Markus C. , Astling David , Gasperi Christiane , Wemlinger Scott , Schumann Hannah , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Ritchie Alanna M. , Hemmer Bernhard , Owens Gregory P. , Bennett Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2017

Objectives

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) targeted against aquaporin‐4 (AQP4). The origin and trafficking of AQP4‐specific B cells in NMOSD remains unknown.

Methods

Peripheral (n = 7) and splenic B cells (n = 1) recovered from seven NMOSD patients were sorted into plasmablasts, naïve, memory, and CD27‐IgD‐ double negative (DN) B cells, and variable heavy chain (VH) transcriptome sequences were generated by deep sequencing. Peripheral blood (PB) VH repertoires were compared to the same patient's single‐cell cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plasmablast (PB) VH transcriptome, CSF immunoglobulin (Ig) proteome, and serum Ig proteome. Recombinant antibodies were generated from paired CSF heavy‐ and light chains and tested for AQP4 reactivity.

Results

Approximately 9% of the CSF VH sequences aligned with PB memory B cells, DN B cells, and plasmablast VH sequences. AQP4‐specific VH sequences were observed in each peripheral B‐cell compartment. Lineage analysis of clonally related VH sequences indicates that CSF AQP4‐specific B cells are closely related to an expanded population of DN B cells that may undergo antigen‐specific B‐cell maturation within the CNS. CSF and serum Ig proteomes overlapped with the VH sequences from each B‐cell compartment; the majority of matches occurring between the PB VH sequences and serum Ig proteome.

Interpretation

During an acute NMOSD relapse, a dynamic exchange of B cells occurs between the periphery and CNS with AQP4‐specific CSF B cells emerging from postgerminal center memory B cells and plasmablasts. Expansion of the PB DN B‐cell compartment may be a potential biomarker of NMOSD activity.
Clickable Microgel Scaffolds as Platforms for 3D Cell Encapsulation
Authors: Caldwell Alexander S. , Campbell Gavin T. , Shekiro Kelly M. T. , Anseth Kristi S.
Published: May 2017

While microporous scaffolds are increasingly used for regenerative medicine and tissue repair applications, the most common techniques to fabricate these scaffolds use templating or top‐down fabrication approaches. Cytocompatible bottom‐up assembly methods afford the opportunity to assemble microporous systems in the presence of cells and create complex polymer‐cell composite systems in situ. Here, microgel building blocks with clickable surface groups are synthesized for the bottom‐up fabrication of porous cell‐laden scaffolds. The facile nature of assembly allows for human mesenchymal stem cells to be incorporated throughout the porous scaffold. Particles are designed with mean diameters of ≈10 and 100 µm, and assembled to create varied microenvironments. The resulting pore sizes and their distribution significantly alter cell morphology and cytoskeletal formation. This microgel‐based system provides numerous tunable properties that can be used to control multiple aspects of cellular growth and development, as well as providing the ability to recapitulate various biological interfaces.
Metamorphic Superomniphobic Surfaces
Authors: Wang Wei , Salazar Joshua , Vahabi Hamed , Joshi‐Imre Alexandra , Voit Walter E. , Kota Arun K.
Published: May 2017

Superomniphobic surfaces are extremely repellent to virtually all liquids. By combining superomniphobicity and shape memory effect, metamorphic superomniphobic (MorphS) surfaces that transform their morphology in response to heat are developed. Utilizing the MorphS surfaces, the distinctly different wetting transitions of liquids with different surface tensions are demonstrated and the underlying physics is elucidated. Both ex situ and in situ wetting transitions on the MorphS surfaces are solely due to transformations in morphology of the surface texture. It is envisioned that the robust MorphS surfaces with reversible wetting transition will have a wide range of applications including rewritable liquid patterns, controlled drug release systems, lab‐on‐a‐chip devices, and biosensors.
Ultrastrong Terahertz Emission from InN Nanopyramids on Single Crystal ZnO Substrates
Authors: Liu Huiqiang , Chen Zuxin , Chu Sheng , Chen Xuechen , Liu Min , Peng Nan , Chu Guang , Huang Feng , Peng Rufang
Published: May 2017

The creation of high efficiency and room temperature terahertz (THz) emitters has long been expected in both scientific and industrial communities. Despite the recent progress in THz source such as quantum cascade lasers, high efficiency THz emitters capable of operating at room temperature are still elusive. Indium nitride (InN), a narrow bandgap semiconductor, has emerged as a promising THz emitter due to its unique electronic properties. However, the efficiency of InN THz emitters reported up to now is still far from theoretically predicted because of inadequately engineered electrical conduction and radiative coupling. In this study, the authors report a novel, high performance THz emitting structure consisting of nanoengineered InN micro/nanopyramid arrays on a single crystal zinc oxide (ZnO) substrate. With improved electronic conduction from Zn diffusion induced doping and enhanced radiation coupling benefiting from uniquely structured geometry, the InN nanopyramids yielded THz emission intensity is close to an order of magnitude stronger than that of p‐type indium arsenide (InAs). These findings prove that InN is a promising THz material and of wide importance in material science, optical engineering sectors, etc.
Development of a Unique Heterogeneous Palladium Catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction using (Hetero)aryl Chlorides and Chemoselective Hydrogenation
Authors: Ichikawa Tomohiro , Netsu Moeko , Mizuno Masahiro , Mizusaki Tomoteru , Takagi Yukio , Sawama Yoshinari , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: May 2017

A unique heterogeneous palladium catalyst (7% Pd/WA30) supported on an anion exchange resin, which contains N,N‐dimethylaminoalkyl functionalities on the polymer backbone, was developed. 7% Pd/WA30 could smoothly catalyze Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of even less reactive heteroaryl chlorides and heteroarylboronic acids to afford various (hetero)biaryls due to the electron‐donating effect of the tert‐amines on WA30 to Pd species. It was also applicable as a chemoselective hydrogenation catalyst, showing inactivity for the hydrogenolysis of tert‐butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) ethers, alkyl benzyl ethers, and benzyl alcohols. The tert‐amines on WA30 acted as moderate catalyst poisons for Pd, resulting in chemoselective hydrogenation. 7% Pd/WA30 was reused for at least five times without any loss of the hydrogenation catalytic activity.

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In Situ Phase‐Induced Spatial Charge Separation in Core–Shell Oxynitride Nanocube Heterojunctions Realizing Robust Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Hou Jungang , Wu Yunzhen , Cao Shuyan , Liang Fei , Lin Zheshuai , Gao Zhanming , Sun Licheng
Published: May 2017

Efficient spatial charge separation is critical for solar energy conversion over solid photocatalysts. The development of efficient visible‐light photocatalysts has been of immense interest, but with limited success. Here, multiband core–shell oxynitride nanocube heterojunctions composed of a tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) core and nitrogen‐doped sodium tantalate (NaTaON) shell have been constructed via an in situ phase‐induced etching chemical strategy. The photocatalytic water splitting performance of sub‐20‐nm Ta3N5@NaTaON junctions exhibits an extraordinarily high photocatalytic activity toward oxygen and hydrogen evolution. Most importantly, the combined experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the strong interfacial TaON bonding connection as a touchstone among Ta3N5@NaTaON junctions provides a continuous charge transport pathway rather than a random charge accumulation. The prolonged photoexcited charge carrier lifetime and suitable band matching between the Ta3N5 core and NaTaON shell facilitate the separation of photoinduced electron–hole pairs, accounting for the highly efficient photocatalytic performance. This work establishes the use of (oxy)nitride heterojunctions as viable photocatalysts for the conversion of solar energy into fuels.
Evaluation of Electron Donor Materials for Solution‐Processed Organic Solar Cells via a Novel Figure of Merit
Authors: Min Jie , Luponosov Yuriy N. , Cui Chaohua , Kan Bin , Chen Haiwei , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng , Ponomarenko Sergei A. , Li Yongfang , Brabec Christoph J.
Published: May 2017

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology offers many advantages, although no commercial applications have been achieved after more than a decade of intensive research and development. Several challenges have yet to be overcome including high power conversion efficiency (PCE), good processability, low cost, and excellent long‐term stability, and so on. In this article, these fundamental challenges are significantly addressed by surveying and analyzing a new merit factor for material applied accessibility containing three parameters: synthetic complexity, device efficiency, and photostability. Thirty‐five donor small molecules are introduced to assess their synthetic accessibility. Furthermore, the PCEs and device photostability of these molecules are carried out, and further measured under one sun illumination within 200 h, respectively. Combining with the characteristics of these three factors, investigated molecules are ranked according to an industrial figure of merit (i‐FOM), while some guidelines for the material design and synthesis are given. It is suggested that a PCE of >14% and an i‐FOM of >20% via active material engineering are realistic for possible industry future of OPV. Along with the systematic study, it is believed that this i‐FOM can be taken into consideration at an early stage of molecular design and provides valuable insight for efficient evaluation of photovoltaic materials for possible commercial applications.
Accurate thermodynamic modeling of ionic liquids/metal salt mixtures: Application to carbon monoxide reactive absorption
Authors: Zarca Gabriel , Ortiz Inmaculada , Urtiaga Ane , Llovell Fèlix
Published: May 2017

For the first time, a theoretical semipredictive approach based on the soft‐Statistical Associating Fluid Theory equation of state is presented to model the complexation reaction between carbon monoxide (CO) in a combined ionic liquid (IL) plus a copper(I) metallic salt media in terms of the gas solubility as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition. Two different degrees of molecular approximation are tested. In the first approach, the IL‐metal salt mixture is treated as a single compound whose parameters are modified according to the concentration of the metallic salt. In the second approach, both compounds are treated as independent species, enhancing the predictive capability of the model. The complexation between CO molecules and the metal salt is reproduced by adding specific cross‐association interaction sites that simulate the reaction. The density of the doped IL and the CO solubility are described in quantitative agreement with the experimental data at different operating conditions. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3532–3543, 2017
Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy: A current review
Authors: Staff Nathan P. , Grisold Anna , Grisold Wolfgang , Windebank Anthony J.
Published: May 2017

Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose‐limiting side effect experienced by patients receiving treatment for cancer. Approximately 30 to 40% of patients treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy will develop CIPN, and there is considerable variability in its severity between patients. It is often sensory‐predominant with pain and can lead to long‐term morbidity in survivors. The prevalence and burden of CIPN late effects will likely increase as cancer survival rates continue to improve. In this review, we discuss the approach to peripheral neuropathy in patients with cancer and address the clinical phenotypes and pathomechanisms of specific neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Ann Neurol 2017;81:772–781
Mussel‐Inspired Surface‐Imprinted Sensors for Potentiometric Label‐Free Detection of Biological Species
Authors: Liang Rongning , Ding Jiawang , Gao Shengshuai , Qin Wei
Published: May 2017

Using sensors to quantify clinically relevant biological species has emerged as a fascinating research field due to their potential to revolutionize clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Taking advantage of the wide utility in clinical analysis and low cost of potentiometric ion sensors, we demonstrate a method to use such ion sensors to quantify bioanalytes without chemical labels. This is achieved by combination of chronopotentiometry with a mussel‐inspired surface imprinting technique. The biomimetic sensing method is based on a blocking mechanism by which the recognition reaction between the surface imprinted polymer and a bioanalyte can block the current‐induced ion transfer of an indicator ion, thus causing a potential change. The present method offers high sensitivity and excellent selectivity for detection of biological analytes. As models, trypsin and yeast cells can be measured at levels down to 0.03 U mL−1 and 50 CFU mL−1, respectively.
Cross‐Regulation of an Artificial Metalloenzyme
Authors: Okamoto Yasunori , Ward Thomas R.
Published: May 2017

Cross‐regulation of complex biochemical reaction networks is an essential feature of living systems. In a biomimetic spirit, we report on our efforts to program the temporal activation of an artificial metalloenzyme via cross‐regulation by a natural enzyme. In the presence of urea, urease slowly releases ammonia that reversibly inhibits an artificial transfer hydrogenase. Addition of an acid, which acts as fuel, allows to maintain the system out of equilibrium.
Exploiting Benzophenone Photoreactivity To Probe the Phospholipid Environment and Insertion Depth of the Cell‐Penetrating Peptide Penetratin in Model Membranes
Authors: Jiao Chen‐Yu , Sachon Emmanuelle , Alves Isabel D. , Chassaing Gérard , Bolbach Gérard , Sagan Sandrine
Published: May 2017

Penetratin (RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK) enters cells by different mechanisms, including membrane translocation, thus implying that the peptide interacts with the lipid bilayer. Penetratin also crosses the membrane of artificial vesicles, depending on their phospholipid content. To evaluate the phospholipid preference of penetratin, as the first step of translocation, we exploited the benzophenone triplet kinetics of hydrogen abstraction, which is slower for secondary than for allylic hydrogen atoms. By using multilamellar vesicles of varying phospholipid content, we identified and characterized the cross‐linked products by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Penetratin showed a preference for negatively charged (vs. zwitterionic) polar heads, and for unsaturated (vs. saturated) and short (vs. long) saturated phospholipids. Our study highlights the potential of using benzophenone to probe the environment and insertion depth of membranotropic peptides in membranes.
Preparation and Characterization of Uranium–Iron Triple‐Bonded UFe(CO)3− and OUFe(CO)3− Complexes
Authors: Chi Chaoxian , Wang Jia‐Qi , Qu Hui , Li Wan‐Lu , Meng Luyan , Luo Mingbiao , Li Jun , Zhou Mingfei
Published: May 2017

We report the preparation of UFe(CO)3− and OUFe(CO)3− complexes using a laser‐vaporization supersonic ion source in the gas phase. These compounds were mass‐selected and characterized by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemical studies. There are unprecedented triple bonds between U 6d/5f and Fe 3d orbitals, featuring one covalent σ bond and two Fe‐to‐U dative π bonds in both complexes. The uranium and iron elements are found to exist in unique formal U(I or III) and Fe(−II) oxidation states, respectively. These findings suggest that there may exist a whole family of stable df–d multiple‐bonded f‐element‐transition‐metal compounds that have not been fully recognized to date.
Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Amino‐1,3‐oxazoles via Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Enamines and N,N‐Dialkyl Formamides
Authors: Gao Peng , Wang Juan , Bai Zijing , Yang Desuo , Fan Ming‐Jin , Guan Zheng‐Hui
Published: May 2017

A facile synthesis of 2‐amino‐1,3‐oxazoles via CuI‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of enamines and N,N‐dialkyl formamides has been developed. The reaction proceeds through an oxidative C−N bond formation, followed by an intramolecular C(sp2)−H bond functionalization/C−O cyclization in one pot. This protocol provides direct access to useful 2‐amino‐1,3‐oxazoles and features protecting‐group‐free nitrogen sources, readily available starting materials, a broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions.
Uncertain Optimal Control Approach for CO2 Mitigation Problem
Authors: Sheng Linxue , Zhu Yuanguo , Yan Hongyan , Wang Kai
Published: May 2017

The new types of uncertain control approaches based on the critical value criterion and chance criterion are respectively introduced to deal with multi‐stage dynamic optimization problems in the presence of target constraints. Integrating the method of dynamic programming with the viability approach, the solving procedure of the optimal control sequence is provided. As a case study, a cost‐effectiveness problem of mitigation policies for uncertain carbon dioxide emissions is analyzed and numerically computed to illustrate the proposed approaches.
Formentwicklung einfeldriger Rahmenüberführungen anhand statisch‐konstruktiver Überlegungen
Authors: Kleiser Michael
Published: May 2017

Über die zweckbestimmten bzw. funktionalen sowie wirtschaftlichen Anforderungen hinaus ist es Ziel, Brücken auch formlogisch nach außen wirken zu lassen, um durch eine größtmögliche Authentizität auch gestaltgebende Akzente zu setzen. Unter Formlogik ist die nach außen darzustellende, materielle Verkörperung der inneren Strukturabsicht – bei Brücken gleichzusetzen mit dem Tragverhalten – zu verstehen. In diesem Artikel werden Formstudien an einfeldrigen Rahmenüberführungen aus Stahlbeton durchgeführt, bei denen die Form anhand von statisch‐konstruktiven Überlegungen sequenziell entwickelt wird. Es wird u. a. gezeigt, dass der Ingenieur sein tägliches Werkzeug, die Berechnung, als gestaltgebendes Mittel einsetzen kann, um authentische Bauwerke zu entwerfen, die einen Grundanspruch an Ästhetik erfüllen und darüber hinaus zweckmäßig und wirtschaftlich sind. Zwei praxisnahe Entwürfe von einfeldrigen Stahlbeton‐ bzw. Spannbetonrahmentragwerken werden schließlich vorgestellt.
Carbonbeton unter einaxialer Druckbeanspruchung
Authors: Bochmann Jakob , Curbach Manfred , Jesse Frank
Published: May 2017

Zum Tragverhalten von Carbonbeton gibt es bereits umfangreiche Forschungsarbeiten und Ingenieurmodelle für grundlegende Belastungsarten. Bei vielen Anwendungsbereichen ist jedoch auch das Verhalten unter Druckbeanspruchung von Interesse, um das Tragverhalten im Detail erklären zu können. Carbonbeton zeigt hier ein charakteristisches Tragverhalten, das sich von dem bekannten des Stahlbetons unterscheidet. Wesentliche Ursache dieser Unterschiede ist das Unvermögen der textilen Bewehrung, quer zu den Fasern einen nennenswerten Tragwiderstand aufzubauen. Da systematische Tests hierzu noch ausstehen, soll das Tragverhalten von Carbonbeton unter einaxialer Druckbeanspruchung detailliert untersucht werden. In diesem Beitrag werden die Einrichtung und Optimierung eines geeigneten Versuchsaufbaus beschrieben, welcher die genaue Aufnahme des Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Zustands von kleinformatigen Carbonbeton‐Probekörpern ermöglicht. Im Anschluss werden erste experimentelle Ergebnisse vorgestellt, fundamentale Zusammenhänge und mögliche Erklärungen des Materialverhaltens diskutiert.