bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Bullying Experiences, Young Adult’s Personality and Self-esteemYoung Adult’s Personality and Self-esteem
Authors: Bagaméri Bernadett , Antal Imola
Published: May 2021

The aim of the research is to analyse the bullying suffered during school age, as well as the relationship between bullying experiences and young adult’s personality along the Big5 personality traits, as well as global self-esteem. The study involved 209 young adults between the ages of 17 and 34, with a mean age of 21 years. The tools used in the survey are a demographic questionnaire, a self-reporting bullying questionnaire, the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The research uses a correlation strategy, the statistical tests used in the data processing are descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, Pearson’s correlation and analysis of variance (anova). According to our results, a large proportion (77.7%) of respondents experienced bullying in school as children, 23.8% every day or almost every. 23.1% admitted they harassed others during their school years. Regarding the personality traits, the results show that individuals who had experienced school bullying are significantly more neurotic and less extraverted than their than their unexperienced peers, and more frequently bullying is associated with lower extraversion, lower friendliness, and greater openness. Persons who had committed bullying are significantly less conscientious than their peers who have not. As for help-seeking behaviour, nearly half of young people did not tell anyone about what had happened, only 28% sought help from an adult and only 13% actually received help. These results clearly stress the importance of developing school policies against bullying, which specifically address prevention, but also intervention. Keywords: bullying, personality, self-esteem
Professional Challenges of the Past 30 Years of Social Work in Romania (1990-2020). Interview with Social Workers(1990-2020). Interview with Social Workers
Authors: Berszán Lídia
Published: May 2021

In the following interview, social workers talk about what this profession means to them and what challenges they have encountered, meet in everyday life. Their responses provide insight into the events of the past 30 years of social work. Keywords: professional challenges of social work, social wellfare system, progresses and deficit areas
What can Learn the Economic Science and Economic Policy form the Global Economic Crisis Generated by the Pandemia?
Authors: Kocziszky György
Published: May 2021

Mynard Keynes’s The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money published in 1936, highlighted that the deep, global financial and economic crises have a profound effect on economic thinking and the economic policy-makers. The sage learns from this, and the fool recovers back to his previous flawed theories and practices. Today, it is also clear that the shocks that trigger these crises are living with us, breaking the growth trends of the economy from time to time, which raises again and again the question, what economics and economic policy practitioners have learned, and can learn from it, or the short-term economic policy interest overcomes the adjustments after the corrections? In his study, the author checks the effects of the recent global exogenous crisis caused by the pandemic and the desirable correction methods, without which the consequences of the current crisis may be protracted. Keywords: crisis, economic thinking, economic policy, pandemic, sustainability
Conflict Management in the Non-profit Sphere. Mapping the Conflict Management Practices of an Organization Providing Social Services
Authors: Péntek Borbála
Published: May 2021

The present study, which focuses on conflict analysis and management, examines the causes and types of major conflicts in social service organizations through semi-structured interviews. Through in-depth interviews with ten employees at a Romanian nonprofit organization’s headquarters and by consulting on studies of key challenges of Romanian NGOs, I sought to find answers to how workplace conflicts affect nonprofits, how employees handle disagreements, and what types of conflicts are most common among employees of civil society organizations. In-depth interviews were conducted with four executives, two coordinators, and four members of the executive teams within the organization. Based on these interviews, it was revealed that the roots of the conflicts lie in the overload of bureaucratic tasks in the human resource department, the lack of motivation in the workplace and the lack of transparency of institutional decisions. These problems are most likely caused by the lack of resources in non-profit organizations in Romania. At the same time, despite the uncertainty, financial burden and bureaucracy related to the implementation of funding projects, the activities affecting the target groups are successful and based on the feedback of the employees, the reactions of the target groups are a great motivating force. Keywords: conflict, human resources, decision-making, performance, consequences, employee perspective
Silver Economy in Romania. Érmellék Case Study
Authors: Gál Katalin , Pásztor Rita
Published: May 2021

After the regime change in Romania significant changes in the structure of the population can also be observed, one aspect of which is aging. Our research examines the Romanian aspects of the silver economy on the example of Érmellék micro region. The studied North Bihor area is a disadvantaged micro-region where the social and economic changes of the last 30 years have not brought an easier life. These social changes can be seen in ethnic change, aging, the feminization of aging, and low educational attainment. According to economic indicators, people living here are characterized by low income and commuting lifestyle for working purposes. Accession to the European Union is mostly reflected in the increase in the number of border crossings points and cross-border labor force migration in this region. Thus, our research concerns the examination of the situation of the aging and elderly generation in Érmellék along the measures and services of the silver economy. After defining the concept of the silver economy and presenting the dimensions of the Active Aging Index, an analysis of the empirical data follows. Our study interprets the silver economy as a set of economic opportunities that address both the public and consumer expenditures associated with an aging population and the specific needs of the population over 50 years. During the data processing, through qualitative approach of the elderly population quality of life, we sought the answer to the question of the extent to which the silver economy, or some of its dimensions, can be accessed in Érmellék. In our study, we integrated the analysis of information from focus group interviews, professional and in-depth interviews in the framework of the exploratory research into the dimensions provided by the Active Aging Index. Along with the applied analytical logic, the presentation of the individual dimensions was supplemented with the processing of qualitative empirical material in addition to the secondary data, so we could get to know the conditions of active aging in Érmellék and the possibilities of the regional silver economy. Keywords: silver economy, active aging, quality of life of the elderly, social care, employment of the elderly, social participation of the elderly
Civic Participation and Citizen Ideals of High School Students from Transylvania
Authors: Varga Szilvia
Published: May 2021

Citizenship and civic participation are spatially and temporally changing concepts, therefore, their research remains constantly relevant. The question of how 17–18-year-old pupils see their “place” in society and their role in political processes, is of high importance, as they are the future voters. The main objective of the paper is to find out the kinds of categories that can be distinguished in terms of civic participation among the youth on the threshold of adulthood and what are the specificities of these categories. Furthermore, I try to identify the dimensions along which young people interpret the concept of “citizen” and what are the qualities that they consider important to acknowledge someone as a “good citizen”. In this section, my aim is to highlight the influencing factors and their strengths. The results show that four types of pupils are distinguished in terms of participation: those who “accumulate” activities, the “traditionals”, the protesters, and the passive ones. At the same time, based on the responses, one can see that the characteristics of an ideal citizen are organized into three factors: orientation and activity, social, and responsibility. Their activities and ideas are greatly influenced by the environment and the behavioral patterns they encounter and follow. The study presents the results of a survey based on questionnaire, which is representative of the Hungarian 11th and 12th grade pupils of eight large cities in Transylvania. Keywords: civic participation, ideal citizen, youth
Liquid Pleasures. Alcohol Control Policy and Society in the Period of Romanian State-socialism
Authors: Horváth István
Published: May 2021

In the context of modern industrial capitalism and the expansion of wage labor, the consumption of alcohol has gradually increased since the 18th century. This growth was present, both in Eastern and Western Europe, also in restructured state-socialist systems after the World War II, like in Romania. The present study analyzes the dynamics of alcohol consumption in the state-socialist period, using as a starting point the alcohol policies of that period. Three phases can be distinguished: alcohol, as considered a stable state income (due to increasing consumption), expanding access as an indicator of prosperity (increasing consumption), the third phase is on restraining consumption opportunities, consequently consumption too. Keywords: social history, alcohol consumption, lifestyle, communism, Romania
MOTIVATION OF ALTRUISTIC SPERM DONORS PARTICIPATING IN ASSISTED REPRODUCTION IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation), Symaniuk E.E. , Polyakova I.G. ,   Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation), Andal A.G. ,   Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation)
Published: May 2021

This article explores the motivations behind Russian men’s altruistic sperm donation using Alderfer's Existence-Relatedness-Growth (ERG) model. Among the sample of 86 men, altru-istic motivation is mostly driven by existence and relatedness. Correlations tests indicated two patterns: 1) men driven by existence needs are more willing to maintain contact with the future child and less prone to self-promotion; 2) men driven by relatedness needs demon-strate the opposite characteristics. These results contribute to further research of reproductive donor motivations in Russia.
In Memory of a Great Psychologist: A Word about G.V. Zalevsky
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky (Yaroslavl, Russian Federation), Mazilov V.A.
Published: May 2021

We devote this article to the memory of outstanding Russian psychologist G.V. Zalevsky (1938-2021). Here we highlight the main stages of the scientist's creativity, the main milestones of his life path. The contribution of G.V. Zalevsky to psychology is analyzed; and the significance of the scientist's works for the future of psychological science is shown.
From Insight to Aha Experience: a New Theoretical Framework for Investigation Insightful Problem Solving
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation), Moroshkina N.V. , Ammalainen A.V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)
Published: May 2021

The article is dedicated to the insight phenomenon, namely the explanations of the rela-tionship between cognitive and affective components of insight that different theories suggest. The affective component of insight includes the subjective suddenness, certainty, and pleasure with which the solution comes to mind (Aha! experience). The cognitive component of insight is the assumed mechanisms contributing to the generation of the solution. In the first part of the article, we review classical approaches to explain the insight phenomenon's nature: special processes account and business-as-usual account. In the first approach, two mecha-nisms can be suggested: unconscious associative processing and representational change (restructuring). According to the business-as-usual account, insight solutions do not differ from routine ones and are implemented as a step-by-step movement to the goal state. In the second part of the article, we show that all classical theories of insight problem solving suggest the direct relation between Aha! experience and cognitive mechanisms of insight. Then, we analyze accumulated empirical data that stand for or against this notion. Based on this analysis, we conclude that there is no unequivocal evidence for the direct rela-tion between Aha! experience and the unconscious processing or restructuring. We propose that Aha! experience is an anomaly for the studies of insight problem-solving. The third part of the article aims to review possible ways to resolve the problem of Aha! experience. One way is to consider that the relation between affective and cognitive compo-nents of insight is indirect. We review studies of metacognition where the non-specificity of metacognitive experiences was proposed. According to this idea, metacognitive experiences reflect changes in cognitive processes dynamics (such as the information processing fluency) but do not carry specific information about their source. In the fourth part of the article, the attempts to apply the idea of non-specificity to the Aha! experience are reviewed. We analyze the empirical data supporting the hypothesis of indirect relation between Aha! experience and cognitive mechanisms of insight problem-solving. Based on it, we predict an increase in the number of studies developing this idea.
Psychological Predictors of Innovativeness as an Integral Personal Characteristic
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Litvina S.A. , Muravyova O.I. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Atamanova I.V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Bogomaz S.A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: May 2021

The article aims at identifying personal characteristics to measure the innovativeness. The results of an empirical study dated 2018-2019 on the sample of university youth (230 re-spondents aged from 17 to 25 years from two Russian cities, Tomsk and Saint Petersburg) are presented. The following questionnaires were applied to collect data on psychological parame-ters which were supposed to be essential for exploring the innovativeness as a personal charac-teristic: the World Values Survey by R. Inglehart, Self-Organisation of Activity by E.Yu. Mandrikova, Self-Assessment of Personality’s Innovative Qualities by N.M. Lebedeva and A.N. Tatarko, the Big 5 Openness scale. Factor analysis using the principal component method with Varimax rotation enabled us to reveal five factors. It was found that only the first factor which grouped the Self-Assessment of Personality’s Innovative Qualities scales (taking risk for achievement, creativity, orientation to the future) and the Big 5 Openness scale reflect those characteristics which are directly specified when describing and discussing the phenomenon of innovativeness. The second factor including R. Inglehart’s value dimensions (survival values Vs self-expression values and traditional values Vs secular-rational values) and the Openness to culture subscale, as well as the third factor bringing together such Self-Organization of Activity scales as fixa-tion and persistence reflect young people’s characteristics preventing them from innovative behavior. It can be argued that personality traits such as orientation towards traditional values, fixation and rigidity in relation to planning have a negative impact on a person’s readiness for innovative activity. Regression analysis confirmed the factor structure identified, showing that the self-assessment of innovative qualities of a person is determined, first of all, by one’s openness to experience. The total Self-Organization of Activity index also makes a significant contribution to understanding reasons for young people’s self-assessment formation of innovative qualities. Normative indicators of the scales involved have been obtained, which allow one to use them for diagnosing one’s innovativeness as an integral personal characteristic.
SYSTEMIC PROBLEMS IN THE LEGAL PROVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL INSURANCE AT THE FEDERAL AND REGIONAL LEVELS
Authors:   South Ural State University (Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation), Kvanina Valentina V. , Makarova Tamara I. ,   South Ural State University (Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation); Belarusian State University (Minsk, Republic of Belarus)
Published: May 2021

In the context of the environmental crisis, the problem of the optimal set of funds neces-sary for environmental protection is acute, one of the tools of such protection being environmental insurance - an element of economic regulation established by the federal law “On Environmental Protection”. The study of scientific approaches, as well as the analysis of federal and regional legislation, which in a greater or lesser degree forms this legal institution, has revealed its systemic shortcomings, which are manifested mainly in its lack of develop-ment and, as a result, in whitespace. The authors propose the directions for the development of environmental insurance insti-tute that are based on the understanding of its complexity and interdisciplinarity that is mani-fested in its establishment by the rules of civil and environmental legislation. Being an inte-grated institution, it has great potential for development within the framework of civil and environmental legislation at the federal (civil and environmental legislation) and regional (environmental legislation) levels. It is necessary to pass not only the federal law on environ-mental insurance but also the acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which can take into account their regional features (environmental risks, environmental threats and measures to support insurers). The authors are convinced that the restructuring of the legal provision of environmental insurance should be carried out simultaneously with legislation directly affecting the applica-tion of environmental insurance rules, in particular, tax in terms of the inclusion of the insurance premium in the cost of income tax, which could be an incentive to conclude an environmental insurance contract. The development of environmental insurance also depends on the supporting measures of the potential insurers on the federal level.
THE PLACE OF NATIONAL CRIMINOLOGY IN THE SYSTEM OF SCIENCES
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Prozumentov Lev M. , Shesler Alexander V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: May 2021

The article substantiates the approach of domestic criminology to social and legal sciences. The authors analyze other approaches, according to which criminology is a part of criminal law and is the result of the application of sociological methods in criminal-legal research, or is a branch of knowledge beyond the legal sciences. The difference in the subject of criminal law and criminology is stated. It lies primarily in the fact that criminal law does not study crime, and the study of crime is carried out mainly as a legal phenomenon; criminal law examines the prevention of crimes carried out by the measures of criminal-legal policy (punishment, probationary conviction, etc.). Criminology studies mainly criminality but crime is studied as a social phenomenon and as a private expression of criminality; criminology examines crime prevention by measures that make up the content of criminological policy (control, assistance, educational impact, etc.). It is noted that despite the use of basically unified terminology both in criminal law and criminology, the content of the same terms e.g. “crime”, "criminal identity," "prevention," "criminal group" etc. is different. The authors believe that the use of methods and approaches developed by other sciences e.g. sociology, social psychology, etc. in criminological studies does not turn criminology into the branch of knowledge beyond the legal sciences. Using the borrowed methods and approaches criminology studies criminality as not only a social phenomenon, but a criminal-legal one, consisting of acts recognized as crimes in criminal law. The socio-legal nature of criminality, which is the main subject of criminology, the use in criminological research of methods of other social sciences and approaches developed by them, enable the authors to conclude that criminology is a complex social and legal science.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS OR THEIR COMBINATIONS ON YIELD AND QUALITY COMPONENTS OF OIL SEED SUNFLOWER IN A SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT
Authors: SEFAOĞLU Fırat
Published: May 2021

Producers in semi-arid and highland regions have difficulty in increasing diversity in crop rotations due to unfavorable conditions imposed by cool temperatures, inadequate rainfall, and shorter growing periods. In such conditions, some cultural practices that increase productivity such as fertilization appear as a promising alternative. Fertilization and the form of fertilizer have a substantial influence on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed yield and quality. The objective of this study was to determine the responses of the oilseed sunflower to organic (vermicompost and leonardite) and inorganic (nitrogen and phosphorus) fertilizers, or their combinations in a highland environment. To this end, the field research was carried out in 2017 and 2018 in Erzurum, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In this study, it was found that the organic and inorganic fertilizers alone and their combinations significantly affected all the plant parameters. The highest seed yield (4854 kg ha-1) and oil yield (2114 kg ha-1) were obtained from the combined use of nitrogen and vermicompost. Moreover, the use of vermicompost alone yielded the highest oil content (46.8%). According to the results of this study, combined applications of organic (vermicompost) and inorganic (nitrogen) fertilizers had the highest yield and agronomic characteristics in oilseed sunflower production; so, these applications can be recommended for the similar ecological conditions, that is, short growing season and high altitude.
Városfejlesztési szakpolitikák terjedése: elméleti megközelítések
Authors: Árvai Anett
Published: May 2021

A különböző fejlesztési koncepciók, jó gyakorlatok más városokból történő átvétele valószínűleg egyidős a városokkal. Az, hogy honnan, milyen szakpolitikák, milyen ösztönzők hatására kerülnek a helyi fejlesztési gyakorlatba, akár jelentősen befolyásolhatja egy település fejlődési irányát. A vonatkozó szakpolitikák gyakran nagyon eltérő társadalmi kontextusban alakultak ki, elterjedésük során eredeti jelentéstartalmuk, értékrendjük, céljaik is megváltozhatnak, illetve az átvevők sokszor csak egyes részelemeket ragadnak ki az eredeti, komplex intézkedéscsomagból. A jelenség a geográfia érdeklődési körébe csak az ezredfordulót követően került önálló koncepcióként (városfejlesztési szakpolitika-mobilitás).

A folyamat vizsgálata különféle megközelítésekből, számos elméleti keretben történhet. Ezt nagyban befolyásolja a kérdéskörrel foglalkozó kutató tudományos háttere, illetve a jelenség mely aspektusai érdeklik leginkább. A tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa, milyen vizsgálati módszerek és tudományos koncepciók jelenthetnek támpontot a városfejlesztési szakpolitikák terjedésének és adaptálásának vizsgálata során. A városfejlesztési szakpolitikák rövid definiálása és jellegzetességeik bemutatása után négy ilyen kutatási irányzatot mutat be részletesen, kiemelve, milyen lehetőségeket kínálnak a szakpolitikák terjedésének vizsgálatára: (1) az innovációterjedési kutatásokat és a diffúziós modelleket, (2) a kommunikációs modelleket, (3) a szakpolitika-alkotási elméleteket és a szakpolitikai ciklust, és (4) a városfejlesztési szakpolitika-mobilitást.
SHIFTS IN URBAN PLANNING IN BELARUS? EXPERIENCE FROM BREST
Authors: ULASIUK Mikalai , NEUGEBAUER Carola
Published: May 2021

For long urban planning in post-Soviet Europe has missed scholarly attention in international urban studies, though it has changed fundamentally in the last three decades. The systemic upheaval in the early 1990s questioned the basics of the Soviet mode of modernist urban planning. The latter relied on the quantification and predictability of people’s needs, a strong state power and law enforcement through centralized planning, control and resources management (e.g. property). The latest since the 2010s, urban planning revives in the non-EU Eastern European states: ‘New’ urban planning instruments emerge; the so far sidelined citizens voice increasingly their interests; urban planning becomes an important arena for the contention and (re)production of both, the daily livelihood and the broader state-society relations often impregnated by (authoritarian) neoliberalism.
The paper takes up this general observation and explores the example of Brest in Belarus. It reviews the local planning approaches (i.e. instruments, contents and processes) in Brest and discusses how they blend in the current EU and post-Soviet debates. The paper concludes that the Brest planning (re)produces a mode of gradual post-Soviet transformation: It displays a surprising familiarity with EU leitmotifs (contents) and principles (e.g. law enforcement and state subsidies) for urban planning. At the same time, it confronts with the benefits and constraints of maintained Soviet planning traits, e.g. with the high professionalism and the centrality of state planning hierarchies. The case of Brest reveals how local stakeholder alliances co-produce new opportunities for local urban planning and thus for an incremental change in Belarusian planning by engaging with the central state institutions as well as with the international debates.
PURPOSES AND VALUES OF A CONTEMPORARY UNIVERSITY: CHALLENGES OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY IN THE CONTEXT OF ONLINE LEARNING
Authors: Maslikova Iryna
Published: May 2021

The paper presents the results of a study of the moral problems of online learning in higher education. Analysis of the trend of contemporary universities determined positive and negative influence on the participants of educational and scientific activities and society in general. The purpose of a contemporary university is to preserve, produce, and disseminate knowledge and educate independent, critical and responsible citizens. Academic freedom and academic integrity are defined as the core values of today's higher education. The presented results of the survey of students and teachers from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv on certain issues of academic integrity (2020-2021) revealed an asymmetry between the teachers and the students in the attitude to the violation of academic integrity. It was recorded that the level of awareness of ethics among the students is inadequate. Ways to address the moral issues of the educational process and online learning are associated with technical and institutional decisions on the implementation of academic integrity policies and raising the level of ethical awareness of all participants in the educational process, and expanding the role of the humanities. The author believes that philosophy and ethics can develop critical thinking and form a moral consciousness of students, a sense of personal responsibility for their actions.
Taras Shevchenko in foreign media: lingvoimage discourse
Authors: Pliasun Olga
Published: May 2021

The article considers the linguistic specifics of modeling the image of Taras Shevchenko in foreign media. The author's attention is focused on the great image-forming potential of this iconic, precedent for Ukrainian culture personality and the importance of its correct presentation in the modern media space. It is determined that Ukrainians themselves are the main creators of image texts about Kobzar in the world media. Thus, three main channels of image information about Shevchenko abroad are analyzed: (1) cultural diplomacy as a part of the "soft power" policy; (2) the Ukrainian diaspora, which addresses the figure of Kobzar in the media; (3) information resources of world encyclopedic publications dedicated to the poet. Thus, the study of the linguistic and image specifics of the representation of Shevchenko in the foreign media proves that a great deal of image-making work in this aspect is carried out by cultural diplomacy, which represents Ukraine and its national cultural products in the world information space. Thanks to the efforts of cultural diplomacy, Shevchenko is known and appreciated abroad, as evidenced by the activities of Ukrainian embassies. In the context of linguistic imageology, the information presented by Ukrainian embassies is unambiguously of image nature, which confirms the use of effective linguistic means of image modeling: metaphors, personifications, emotionally-evaluative lexemes, epithet forms of the word, which verbalize positive author's assessment of the covered information. An equally important linguistic tool for modeling the poet's image is the use of creolized media texts that have great suggestive properties and significant image potential. In addition, Shevchenko's positive image abroad is successfully constructed by the media resources of the Ukrainian diaspora. The author's attention in this research context is attracted by the leading Canadian and Australian media. From the standpoint of linguistic imageology, effective means of forming the image of Kobzar in the considered foreign media are emotional and evaluative lexemes with elements of hyperbole, paraphrase with a positive semantics, the use of oxymoron etc. The article emphasizes that Shevchenko's positive image abroad is created not only at the textual level, but also at the extralinguistic level, which is realized in the annual holding of numerous mass events related to the celebration of Shevchenko's days. In turn, a high assessment of the poet's work and his role in Ukrainian cultural life is found in world encyclopedic publications: Encyclopædia Britannica, Oxford World Encyclopedia, bibliographic fund of The Library of Congress etc. Thus, the study convinces that Taras Shevchenko is a bright image figure of modern foreign media space, which forms not only internal but also external image of Ukraine. That is why its correct presentation in world media should be one of the priorities of the national image strategy.
Sacred nominations in texts about national liberation movement of Ukraine: a comparative approach
Authors: Bachun Liliya
Published: May 2021

The article describes the main provisions of the theolinguistic science, its defining criteria and objects of further research. Theoretical bases of the concept of religious discourse and its connection with ethnocentrism of the analyzed material have been stated. A comparative analysis of the peculiarities of the semantic-associative motivation for use of sacred-type coreferents in the twelve texts of works about the national liberation movement of Ukraine with their functioning in the text of the Bible have been conducted. Categorically analyzed names of the sacred coreferents have been divided according to the eschatological-ontological connotative directions, designations of religious things of use and the names of passional sacral type. Nine names of biblical anthroponyms have been singled out in the analyzed twelve texts of works about the national liberation movement of Ukraine, which determine the objectification of the sacred conceptosphere. The variable component of the biblical anthroponyms functioning (St. Peter, Joseph of Arimathea and John the Baptist) in the analyzed texts of works about the national liberation movement of Ukraine and their various translations of the Bible have been clarified. The functional and stylistic features of the writers' usage of Old Testament and New Testament precedent biblical names and their common and distinctive features of functioning in the texts of various translations of the Bible have been highlighted. The category of the sacred onyms′ functionality has been realized through the words′ connotative-associative layers (Jeremiah and lexical units of weeping, sobbing; King David ‒ psalms), comparison (Moses ‒ Ivan Franko), the characteristics of activities (betrayal of Judas) and identification of Adam with the Fall, and Christ with eternal life.
#BLACKLIVESMATTER and struggle over national discourse on Twitter: digital activism as new public sphere
Authors: Bondarenko Valeria , Kaptiurova Olena , Orlova Vira
Published: May 2021

The tragic death of George Floyd, an African-American male killed by a white policeman, has been widely discussed on social media and instigated many to use social media as an argumentum over the law enforcement role and the racist status quo in the USA. As social media have unignorably become a tool for activists who seek to introduce new voices into the present-day monoglossic public opinion, Twitter has offered the space for the Black Lives Matter digital activism to create their own identity that enables them to participate in (re)shaping the public opinion and aspire for social change. Social media, leaning on the technological thrust into modern society, have created a viable substitute for public sphere to challenge the power and hegemony which control the production of discourse and agenda that dominate the public opinion. The study draws on Habermas' theory of the 'public sphere' so as to conceptualize the #BalckLivesMatter (BLM) activism aimed at controlling the public national discourse. Critical Discourse Analysis, in its turn, provides the framework for critical examination of language choices and the ways in which texts are structured, selected, and invested with meanings that facilitate the promotion of certain ideologies and particular social representations. Using this theoretical background, the article explores language means used in Twitter messages (http://twitter.com) by BLM activists between May 25 and 31, 2020, in the aftermath of Floyd's death. The article reveals that #BlackLivesMatter tweets expose the discourse of inequality, injustice and racism across the American nation and that Twitter is used by the black minority marginalized in the American society as an alternative space to (re)construct the public sphere and to challenge the mainstream mass media dominated by the white ideology. The linguistic analysis uncovers the divisive nature of #BlackLivesMatter messages on Twitter expressed by the emphatic blacks vs whites opposition as well as their particularism that becomes pronounced in the debates of BLM activists with the universalist #AllLivesMatter supporters.
Closed kidney injuries in children
Authors: Solovyov Anatoly E.
Published: May 2021

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within 20 yrs, 76 children aged 28 yrs with kidney trauma were under observation, and 35 of them had associated trauma. Clinical, instrumental, and radiological methods were used in the diagnosis.
RESULTS: Of the 76 children with closed kidney trauma, 23 were diagnosed with kidney contusion, 14 with kidney injury with subcapsular hematoma, 16 with kidney injury with rupture of the capsule and perirenal urohematoma, 21 with kidney rupture and damage to the calyxpelvic system, and 2 with traumatic hydronephrotic kidney. Conservative treatment was carried out in 49 (64.4%) children and surgical treatment in 28 (25.6%). In the long term, 28 children with kidney injuries and treated conservatively were examined. Complications were found in nine children: pyeloectasia, deformation of the calyxpelvic system, pyelonephritis, and renal hypertension. Organ-preserving surgery was performed in 22 (28.9%) children and nephrectomy in 5 (6.6%) children. As long-term results: the function of the operated kidneys was satisfactory, some changes occurred in the calyxpelvic systems, and no data for pyelonephritis was found.
CONCLUSION: Renal injuries with subcapsular rupture and perirenal urohematoma should be surgically treated to prevent severe long-term complications. In unclear cases, the choice can be a two-stage organ-preserving operation for the so-called crushing of the kidney.
A complex soft tissue reconstruction of distal phalanges in children
Authors: Alexandrov Alexander V. , Goncharuk Pavel V. , Idris Lamiya Ya. , Rybchenok Vsevolod V. , Smirnov Alexander A.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Injuries of distal phalanges are the most common type of hand trauma in children. The problem of coverage of soft tissue defects of distal phalanges remains. Many methods of coverage of distal phalanges defects have been developed. There is no generally accepted approach or an algorithm in treatment of adults and children with such type of trauma.
AIM: This study aimed to reveal the most universal method of coverage of distal phalanges defects in children using various reconstruction methods that are used at the Department of Reconstructive Microsurgery of Filatov State Children Hospital.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2019 to 2020, 70 children with defects of distal phalanges were treated. The coverage of defects was performed by using a flap (n = 23), cross-finger flap (n = 5), V-Y advancement flap (n = 28), reverse-flow homodigital island flap (n = 11), and full-thickness skin graft (n = 3). Results of the defect coverage were evaluated by objective (difference between the lengths of the operated and contralateral phalanges, two-point discrimination test, presence/absence of stiffness in the distal interphalangeal joint) and subjective (definition of cold intolerance, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire) criteria.
RESULTS: The largest difference between the lengths of the operated and contralateral phalanges was obtained in V-Y plasty. The two-point discrimination sensitivity was the highest in V-Y plasty and a little less with island flap. Cold intolerance was the most common complication of homodigital island flap. Results of the DASH survey was the best in the homodigital island flap and full-thickness skin graft.
CONCLUSION: Based on the analysis of the experience of surgeries to close soft tissue defects of the nail phalanges, the best results were obtained with reverse-flow homodigital island, which is considered as the most versatile and reliable approach.
Morphometric analysis of the intercellular substance of hypertrophic scars after anti-scar treatment
Authors: Minaev Sergey V. , Grigorova Alina N. , Vladimirova Oksana V. , Ivchenko Anna A. , Lavreshin Petr M. , Vladimirov Vladimir I. , Timofeev Sergey Ivanovich I. , Gobedzhishvili Vakhtang V.
Published: May 2021

AIM: This study aimed to assess the formation of scar tissue after burns under the influence of an anti-scar gel. Understanding of the processes involving scars and the morphofunctional features of the tissue at different stages of development allows targeted selection of therapy and prevention of scars.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a comparative prospective analysis from 2005 to 2020. Of which two groups were identified. In group 1 (n = 47), burns were treated according to the standard scheme without the use of modern wound coverings. In group 2 (n = 41), early primary prevention of pathological scarring was performed, where the Contractubex gel was applied to the area of burn injury from the moment of epithelialization. Histological examination included the analysis of skin biopsies in the area of damage before and after conservative treatment.
RESULTS: Histological examination showed quantitative changes in the cellular composition of the scar tissue in all groups. The average quantitative index of the fibroblast activity was significantly reduced in group 2 using Contractubex gel. Thickness of collagen fibers, according to the morphometric analysis, is most reduced in all layers of the dermis in group 2 (p 0.05). In group 1, collagen fibers are represented as nodular clusters; in some areas of the reticular layer of the dermis, fibers have a more fragmented appearance. In group 2, the use of Contractubex leads to a significant decrease in the level of tumor growth factor- in the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis.
CONCLUSION: The use of Contractubex gel in the early prevention of pathological scarring significantly reduces the need for subsequent reconstructive surgical interventions
Long-term results of treatment of newborns and infants with necrosis and perforation of the stomach and duodenum
Authors: Skopetc Anastasiia A. , Karavaeva Svetlana A. , Nemilova Tatiana K.
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION: Necrosis and perforation of the stomach and /or duodenum in newborns and infants is a rare but severe disease with high mortality. There are many theories about the etiology and pathogenesis of the necrosis and perforation of the stomach and duodenum in children of this age. Various treatment options are described, but neither foreign nor Russian publications have assessed the long-term results of the treatment of patients with perforation of the stomach and duodenum during the first year of life and the quality of their life.
AIM: This study aimed to analyze the results of treatment of newborns and infants with perforation of the stomach and duodenum and to assess their long-term quality of life.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study analyzes the long-term results of treatment of 21 children, aged 212 yrs, with perforation of the stomach and duodenum. The volumetric evacuation function of the stomach and duodenum and the childs nutritional status were assessed. A survey of patients and their parents was also carried out to assess the quality of life of the child using questionnaires from the EuroQol Research Foundation version EQ5D-Y.
RESULTS: The volumetric evacuation function of the stomach and duodenum recovered completely. The nutritional status of 16 (76%) children corresponds to their age. According to the results of the analysis of the questionnaire of the quality of life, eight patients aged 8 yrs and 15 parents consider the health profile of children as the best (71%), the parents of one patient assess the health profile of their child as satisfactory, and five mothers of children with neurological deficits rated as unsatisfactory.
CONCLUSION: Owing to the high adaptation capacity of the newborn and infants of the first year of life, most of the examined patients have a good quality of life and a normal nutritional status. The volumetric evacuation function of the stomach and duodenum recovered in all patients within 13 yrs after surgery.
Substantiation of organ-preserving surgical treatment of children with nonparasitic spleen cysts
Authors: Belyaeva Anastasiya V. , Rozinov Vladimir M. , Polyaev Yrii A. , Belyaeva Olga A. , Bondar Zoya M.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: The urgency of surgical treatment of children with nonparasitic spleen cysts is determined by the lack of consensus in the professional community, lack of regulatory documents governing the treatment of these patients, frequency of postoperative complications, and unfavorable outcomes.
AIM: This study aimed to improve the efficiency and safety of organ-preserving minimally invasive interventions in children with nonparasitic spleen cysts based on the development of a multifactorial preoperative planning system and substantiation of an algorithm for choosing the optimal surgical strategies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Results of surgical treatment of 60 children aged 218 yrs with nonparasitic spleen cysts are presented. The spleen cyst volume varied from 3 ml to 1000 ml (Me 50 ml). Preoperative examination included clinical examination, laboratory diagnostics, ultrasonography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography of the spleen vessels. The range of surgical technologies included percutaneous puncture (n = 2) and percutaneous puncture drainage (n = 28), followed by sclerosing of the cyst with 96% ethyl alcohol, combined interventions, supplemented by superselective embolization of the spleen arteries feeding the pathological formation (n = 15), laparoscopic fenestrations of cysts with physical de-epithelialization of the inner lining (n = 14), and laparoscopic resection of the spleen pole (n = 1).
RESULTS: The analysis of postoperative complications was carried out depending on the chosen technology of surgical treatment. The follow-up period of 44 patients varied from 6 mon to 3 yrs, which made it possible to reveal the regularities of the reduction of residual cyst cavities and the course of the regeneration processes with an objective assessment of the volumetric characteristics of the spleen. Obliteration of the residual cyst cavities was observed in 79.1% of the patients during the first month after surgery. Subsequent total obliteration of the residual cyst cavities was observed within 1 yr after surgery in 91.7% of children and residual pathological formations persisted in five patients, which accounted for 8.3% of clinical observations. The volume of residual cysts ranged from 1.2% to 10.0% of the initial value, which was regarded as a satisfactory treatment result.
CONCLUSION: Results of a retrospective multivariate analysis made it possible to develop an algorithm for substantiating surgical techniques, providing a radical cure for 95.5% of children with nonparasitic spleen cysts.
Surgical approaches to the third ventricle of the brain in children
Authors: Gorelyshev Sergey K. , Medvedeva Olga A.
Published: May 2021

AIM: This study aimed to describe and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical approaches to neoplasms of the third ventricle of the brain in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study analyzed surgical interventions to the third ventricle in 657 patients, performed at the Academician N.N. Burdenko of the Research Institute of Neurosurgery from 1998 to 2018. These included 375 patients with intra-extraventricular craniopharyngiomas and 282 patients with gliomas of the third ventricle and chiasm. The patients age ranged from 3 mon to 18 years old.
RESULTS: The anterior transcallosal approach provides access to the anterior horn and bodies of the lateral ventricles, as well as the third ventricle. The transfornical approach provides more opportunities for access to both the anterior and posterior parts of the third ventricle; however, it has a high risk of trauma to the fornix. The subchoroidal approach provides a very good view of the posterior parts of the third ventricle, especially of the pineal region; however, it has even greater restrictions on viewing its anterior parts. When compared with the transcallosal approach, the transfrontal approach can be used more safely in the absence of hydrocephalus (if the tumor is located in the anterior horn). No specific complications were inherent in a particular approach (seizures were registered in 1%, transient hemiparesis was noted in 10%, and transient memory impairments were revealed in 5% of cases).
CONCLUSION: The use of a transcallosal approach is safe even in infants. The transcortical approach is recommended mainly for large tumors of the lateral ventricles, and the transcallosal approach should be used for small tumors of the third ventricle. No specific complications were inherent in a particular approach, and the choice was determined by the assessment of the exact location of the tumor and calculation of the most relevant trajectory for its achievement as well as the aim (biopsy or radical removal). Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging and neuronavigation are significant in the selection of surgical approaches.