bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical ethnobotany and utilization of medicinal plants in the Don Pu Ta Forest Thai Yoi Ethnic Groups, Sakon Nakhon Province in the Northeastern Thailand
Authors: SAENSOUK SURAPON , SAENSOUK PIYAPORN , RAGSASILP AREERAT , SENAKUN CHADAPORN , DAOVISAN HANVEDES , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , NIAMNGON TAWANON , NIAMNGON PIMTIDA , APPAMARAKA SOMBAT
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Saensouk S, Saensouk P, Ragsasilp A, Senakun C, Daovisan H, Setyawan AD, Niamngon T, Niamngon P, Appamaraka S. 2024. Medical ethnobotany and utilization of medicinal plants in the Don Pu Ta Forest Thai Yoi Ethnic Groups, Sakon Nakhon Province in the Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 3014-3031. The Thai Yoi Ethnic Group has access to Don Pu Ta Forest, a valuable resource rich in medicinal plants that are essential to the community. Local doctors in Don Pu Ta Forest have traditionally used these medicinal plants to care for the health of the community. This study aimed to examine the plant species and the use of medicinal plants in Don Pu Ta Forest, located in Pak Thop Village, Pla Lo Sub-district, Waritchaphum District, Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand. The study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 by interviewing villagers and surveying the biodiversity of medicinal plants. The plots were created to collect data on plant species, which were then examined and analyzed using various indices. The results of the study identified 36 families, 54 genera, and 61 species of medicinal plants. These species were further categorized into 30 families and 50 species of tall trees, 20 families and 25 species of saplings, and 14 families and 18 species of understory plants. Among these, tall trees had the highest diversity score, measuring 3.88, followed by saplings with a diversity value of 2.87, and understory plants with a diversity index of 2.46. The Evenness Index (E) was 0.88, and the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) recorded was 27.66. Specifically, Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz had the highest IVI at 27.66, followed by Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. at 22.30, and Anisoptera costata Korth. at 20.20. The ICF analysis revealed that a total of 61 herbs were used to treat 28 groups of symptoms. The herbal treatment for relieving symptoms of flatulence, bloating, and cramps had the highest ICF value at 0.96, while the lowest ICF value was 0.70. Seven plants used to treat similar symptoms showed the highest fidelity level (%FL) value of 100%. This research is vital for the effective use of herbal plants in Don Pu Ta Forest and for conserving plant genetics to ensure long-term sustainability.
Investigation of streptococcosis (Streptococcus iniae) as a cause of popeye and hemorrhagic disease in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: TRUNG NGUYEN BAO , DUNG TU THANH , THI QUACH VAN CAO
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Trung NB, Dung TT, Thi QVC. 2024. Investigation of streptococcosis (Streptococcus iniae) as a cause of popeye and hemorrhagic disease in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 25: 3032-3040. Streptococcus iniae, is a dangerous pathogen that causes serious harm to several aquatic animals around the world. The current study aimed to isolate, characterize, and assess the pathogenicity of the Streptococcus iniae that causes popeye and hemorrhagic diseased nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Infected tilapia showed disorienting or lethargic swimming, exophthalmia (unilateral or bilateral), corneal opacity, and hemorrhages on the body, the operculum, and the abdomen of the fish. Upon internal examination, the diseased fish were found to have a pale liver, swollen kidney, and white or yellow fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity. With the use of the API 20Strep Kit, conventional techniques, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a total of 16 isolates were determined to be S. iniae. They are Gram-positive bacteria, cocci or streptococci, with ?-hemolysis and small, white, opalescent colonies on BHIA medium after 24-36 hours of incubation at 28ºC. The obtained challenge tests showed that both isolates of RPBT02 and RPHG36 were highly virulent to fish, with LD50 values determined to be 2.34×104 and 1.81×104 CFU/mL, respectively. Interestingly, the two isolates of RPHG36 and RPBT02 in this study contained the virulence gene phosphoglucomutase (pgm), one of the factors that make S. iniae enhance antibiotic resistance and phagocytosis of the immune system by the host. These results of the study are important information for finding effective ways to control this bacterium in tilapia in the future.
‘Life is better there’: the aspirations of former stay-behind children and their new ways of migration
Authors: Seidel Fränze
Published: December 2024

For many years, thousands of children in Moldova had to stay behind while their parents migrated abroad for a better income. This article reflects on the impact of parental migration on young adults’ future aspirations and prospects. The research presented here is based on grounded theory research that includes interviews with former stay-behind children. The children’s plans for their future are not only shaped by the difficult conditions prevailing in the Moldovan labour market. In addition, they are influenced by their parents’ experience of strongly regulated migration and their hope to give their children a better life. Due to their parents’ support and their own educational performance, these young adults find easier conditions for migration and are able to shape their prospective family life in a way that avoids leaving their children behind.
promoció de la lectura a les llibreries de Catalunya (2020-2023)
Authors: Cusó Maite
Published: December 2024

S’analitza la transformació de les llibreries catalanes durant el període 2020-2023, marcat per l’impacte de la pandèmia de covid. Un dels canvis principals fou la digitalització, amb l’obertura de botigues en línia, inicialment poc freqüent, però esdevinguda essencial. La pandèmia també va reforçar l’autoestima del sector i va posar en relleu la importància de la lectura, amb un augment de vendes i noves iniciatives com Llibreries Obertes, que va permetre la compra de llibres de proximitat durant el confinament. A més, es consolida un model de llibreria petita, sostenible i arrelada al territori, encara que també hi ha llibreries de dimensions mitjanes amb un fort suport inicial. Les llibreries han esdevingut espais culturals dinàmics amb activitats variades, que han contribuït a la cohesió comunitària. En un futur, es destaca la importància d’integrar aliances digitals i analògiques per mantenir la singularitat, proximitat i sostenibilitat del model cultural i econòmic de les llibreries.
Грамматика инклюзивности
Authors: Grushina Natalia
Published: December 2024

Настоящая статья посвящена анализу феномена инклюзивности в современном обществе с особым акцентом на сферы образования и языковой коммуникации. В работе рассматриваются теоретические основы инклюзивного подхода, его проявления в различных социальных институтах и влияние на межперсональное взаимодействие. Особое внимание уделяется языковой составляющей инклюзии, а именно, анализу возможностей и ограничений русского языка в создании гендерно-нейтральных форм. Исследование демонстрирует, что синтетический характер русского языка обуславливает определенные сложности в формировании инклюзивных языковых конструкций. Однако, анализ современных языковых практик позволяет предложить инновационные способы достижения гендерной нейтральности.
Versión abreviada de la Escala de actitudes hacia la investigación- Revisada (EACIN-R): Propiedades psicométricas en estudiantes peruanos
Authors: Dominguez-Lara Sergio Alexis , Fernández-Arata Manuel , Prada-Chapoñan Rony , Seperak-Viera Rosa , Díaz-Peñaloza Maite , Aldana de Becerra Gloria Marlen
Published: December 2024

Las actitudes hacia la investigación se entienden como una organización cognitiva, persistente y adquirida de creencias, sentimientos y predisposiciones a la acción, producto de la experiencia, de valores y percepciones acerca de la investigación científica, la cual es importante porque se asocia con los avances en todos los ámbitos de la vida, la sociedad y la economía. Entonces, el objetivo de este trabajo fue brindar las evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Investigación-Revisada (EAI-R) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios peruanos de pregrado. Participaron 666 estudiantes (74.9% mujeres) entre 19 y 55 años de edad (Medad = 23.086). Se utilizaron the EAI-R y la Escala de Autoeficacia para Investigar. Los resultados indican que la EAI-R presenta evidencias de validez de contenido, a nivel estructural es una medida unidimensional, con adecuada confiabilidad de las puntuaciones y del constructo, y se asocia directamente con la autoeficacia para investigar. Se concluye que esta versión breve de la EAI-R presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas.
Satisfacción en el parto bajo el Índice de Desigualdad de Género. Scoping review
Authors: Quiroz Carreño Jael María , Navarro-Escobedo Javiera , Orellana-Insunza Jazmín , Cornejo-Aravena Claudia , Ortiz-Contreras Jovita
Published: December 2024

La satisfacción materna es un indicador de calidad de la atención en salud. En este sentido, los países son los responsables de impartir nuevas herramientas que aborden medidas centradas en las personas para disminuir la desigualdad de género. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar el estado de la cuestión de los resultados de satisfacción de las mujeres en la atención del parto, a través de instrumentos cuantitativos, bajo el análisis del Índice de Desigualdad de Género. Se realizó una scoping review por medio de bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus y Scielo y un buscador de literatura gris. Los criterios generales de búsqueda fueron artículos completos, de no más de 10 años y que estuviesen en inglés o español. El índice Kappa reveló una concordancia muy buena (0,903). Se utilizaron 78 estudios, donde el 88,5% evidenció que las mujeres se encontraron satisfechas. Con respecto al IDG, 37 artículos corresponden a países con un IDG muy bajo, teniendo un resultado de satisfacción con una calificación óptima. El 23,5% de los estudios identificados con un IDG bajo presentó una calificación de satisfacción subóptima. Se encontró una cantidad mínima de estudios con un IDG mediano que poseen una mayor proporción de resultados subóptimos. En países donde hay un bajo IDG, los resultados de satisfacción son positivos en comparación a países en donde la desigualdad de género aún es un desafío por trabajar.
Interacción entre el equipo de salud y las mujeres en sus experiencias de parto: scoping review
Authors: Quiroz Carreño Jael María , Cornejo-Moreno María José , Ortiz-Contreras Jovita
Published: December 2024

Objetivo. Explorar la influencia de la interacción del profesional sanitario sobre las experiencias de las mujeres que tuvieron una atención de parto institucional bajo el dominio de «experiencia del cuidado» del Marco de Calidad de la Atención para la Salud Materna y Neonatal de la OMS. Material y método. Se realizó una scoping review mediante la búsqueda en diez bases de datos electrónicas. Se utilizaron los términos «patient satisfaction», «experiences», «satisfaction», «delivery, obstetric», «labor, obstetric», «parturition». Se consideró literatura en inglés y español. Se obtuvo un índice de kappa específico de 0,881 [I.C. 95% entre 0,821-0,942]. Se revisaron 30 documentos de texto completo. Resultados. Se identificaron 4 dimensiones emergentes: vínculo relacional cuidador-mujer, autonomía de la mujer, precedentes individuales y valoración de la experiencia. Se mapearon estudios por medio de las dimensiones de la experiencia del cuidado del Marco de Calidad de la Atención de la OMS: comunicación efectiva, respeto y preservación de la dignidad y apoyo emocional. Conclusiones. La interacción profesional-mujer es un elemento facilitador de una experiencia positiva cuando los profesionales incorporan en su rol cuidados compasivos y el estímulo a la autonomía. Se debe considerar la salud ocupacional de los profesionales de salud, ya que su reconocimiento permitirá avanzar en la construcción de una mejor experiencia en la atención del parto.
Factores de estrés académico en mujeres estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermeria
Authors: Lora-Velarde César-Guillermo , Meda Anaya Rosa María , García Galván José Alejandro
Published: December 2024

Introducción. El estrés es un trastorno que causa daños físicos y psicológicos en la mayoría de las personas, y puede ser generado no solo por aspectos emocionales sino por demandas de carácter social y amenazas del entorno del individuo que requieren capacidad de adaptación y de respuesta rápida frente a los problemas. Objetivos. En este sentido, se presenta una investigación cuyo objetivo fue identificar y describir el nivel de estrés existente en las estudiantes del nivel superior de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Material y Método. El alcance de la investigación es de tipo descriptivo y no experimental, de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra objeto de estudio fueron 272 mujeres estudiantes distribuidas en ocho semestres de la carrera de Enfermería, quienes suministraron la información a través del instrumento de evaluación del inventario SISCO con 5 opciones de respuesta estilo escala Likert. Resultados. Los resultados señalan que el nivel de estrés académico tiene una relación significativa e inversa, es decir, a mayor nivel de estrés menor desempeño académico y viceversa. Conclusiones. Las estudiantes presentaron niveles de estrés muy alto, y los de mayor presencia fueron relacionados con el paso de los semestres. Tal situación se manifestó por el enfrentamiento y por las emociones de sí mismas y de los demás, para reflexionar de forma activa sobre las prácticas personales, aspecto notable para la formación de criterio en las estudiantes del nivel superior en la localidad de Tijuana, Baja California, México.
Implicaciones de las mujeres en el retrato fotográfico post mortem desde su aparición hasta la actualidad
Authors: González Gea Esther
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo hace un recorrido de carácter histórico desde la aparición del retrato fotográfico post mortem en el siglo xix hasta la actualidad, poniendo el foco en la importancia que las mujeres han tenido en su gestación, desarrollo y supervivencia. Pues las mujeres siempre han mantenido una relación próxima con la muerte, tanto por cuestiones simbólicas-biológicas como de origen práctico derivadas de las primeras: llorarlos, arreglarlos, velarlos y recordarlos. Todo ello ha influido en una feminización de la muerte, especialmente a partir del siglo xix, que se pone de manifiesto en el retrato fotográfico post mortem. En ese contexto, estos retratos funcionan para restituir la identidad, reforzar los lazos familiares, y aproximarse a los difuntos cuando sea necesario en beneficio de un correcto duelo. La imagen fotográfica del difunto en solitario o en compañía es una representación visual que ha sufrido ligeras variaciones a lo largo del tiempo y que contiene distintas funciones, en las que se entrelaza lo representado con su condición material y su destino. Además, este tipo de imágenes son un documento que da pistas de las diferentes épocas con sus respectivas mentalidades y las unifica alrededor de la pérdida y la gestión de esta. Al final, estas fotografías interpelan con multitud de preguntas sobre la falta y sus consecuencias tanto en el pasado como en el presente por lo que se necesita de la interdisciplinariedad para abordarlas en su complejidad.
La doble invisibilización del dolor y la limitación del rol de género: la experiencia de una mujer con fibromialgia
Authors: Terrón-Híjar Lourdes Rocío , Gómez-Ávila Argelia
Published: December 2024

La fibromialgia (FM) es una enfermedad con una extensa sintomatología que abarca el dolor generalizado, alteración del sueño, mente dispersa, dolor de cabeza, cambios de humor, hipersensibilidad sensorial, etc., incluyendo cuadros de depresión, angustia y ansiedad. El dolor no solamente es algo físico, sino que se vincula a lo cognitivo y emocional, y cada persona lo experimenta de forma diferente. Objetivo: comprender la experiencia de una mujer con FM ante la percepción y valoración de sus síntomas, su rol de género y su manera de afrontar las limitaciones que esta enfermedad le produce. Método: paradigma cualitativo con marco interpretativo. Material: entrevista semiestructurada a una mujer de 56 años con un diagnóstico de fibromialgia, radicada en Ciudad de México. Resultados: emergieron cuatro categorías: 1) Pérdidas y barreras físicas, 2) Limitación del rol madre/esposa, 3) La doble invisibilización de los síntomas y 4) Estrategias para recuperar autonomía y gestionar las emociones. Conclusiones: la falta de visibilización de esta enfermedad repercute no solo en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, sino en ámbitos familiares y sociales, donde la comprensión ante las vivencias de las pacientes se complica al no contar con información y conocimientos suficientes. El enfoque de género permite reconocer que los roles sociales asignados a las mujeres como ser amas de casa y cuidadoras de miembros de la familia, complican la atención y descanso que pueden tener durante las crisis de dolor; también impactan la percepción de la sociedad cuando no pueden cumplir con esos roles.
Las enseñanzas artísticas superiores de música en el marco jurídico del sistema educativo español y el caso de la especialidad de percusión
Authors: Botella Nicolás Ana María , Isusi-Fagoaga Rosa , Marzal Raga Lluís
Published: December 2024

El artículo analiza las enseñanzas artísticas superiores de música en España con una perspectiva legislativa, desde su introducción como materia académica en la Universidad de Salamanca en el s. XIII hasta el presente. Los principales objetivos son, por una parte, realizar una revisión crítica de las diversas vicisitudes que la educación musical ha sufrido a lo largo de su historia en España a partir del marco jurídico y, por otra, destacar el proceso de introducción de la especialidad de percusión en la enseñanza reglada española en igualdad de condiciones que las demás especialidades instrumentales que forman parte de la orquesta sinfónica. Se realiza una revisión cronológica de las distintas leyes y disposiciones que han reglado la instrucción musical, analizando los diferentes posicionamientos a favor o en contra de su inclusión en la institución académica universitaria. Finalmente se focaliza la atención en la introducción y desarrollo de la especialidad de percusión dentro de los estudios reglados en el ámbito educativo español. Las conclusiones apuntan a que las enseñanzas musicales han sido y continúan siendo un tema controvertido cuya evolución institucional y legislativa todavía se encuentra en proceso de mejora.
Educar y proteger: análisis de la educación en ciberseguridad para combatir la ciberdelincuencia
Authors: Beltran Muñoz Alberto
Published: December 2024

La ciberdelincuencia es un problema en aumento que afecta a toda la ciudadanía. Actualmente, se están poniendo en marcha planes educativos para educar a la población y poder disminuir esas tasas de victimización. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las relaciones entre los conocimientos en ciberseguridad y ciberamenazas, la vulnerabilidad y la victimización. Al mismo tiempo, también se ha estudiado la influencia de la educación y variables sociodemográficas sobre las anteriores variables. Para ello, se ha administrado un cuestionario a una muestra de 229 personas de distintos puntos del territorio español. Los resultados muestran que la educación mejora los conocimientos y consigue disminuir la vulnerabilidad y victimización ante la ciberdelincuencia. Además el sexo, la edad y la procedencia también tienen una relación directa con las variables. Este estudio demuestra la importancia de los programas educativos en ciberseguridad y su influencia para poder mejorar la protección de la ciudadanía.
Liderazgo de servicio: un liderazgo altruista y transformador
Authors: Villa Sanchez Aurelio , Pizarro Fuentes Evelyn
Published: December 2024

Este estudio se concentra en evaluar la eficacia del liderazgo de servicio en el cambio organizacional a nivel mundial. Utilizando una metodología analítica y descriptiva, se recopilan datos de artículos académicos, enfocándose en aquellos con instrumentos psicométricos validados para medir el liderazgo de servicio. Los resultados revelan una preferencia significativa por el liderazgo de servicio sobre otros estilos, destacando su impacto positivo en la satisfacción laboral y la eficiencia organizacional. Las conclusiones sugieren que este estilo de liderazgo, que pone énfasis en servir a los demás, es un enfoque efectivo para fomentar un entorno laboral positivo y promover el bienestar de los empleados, conduciendo a una mejor retención y productividad del personal.
Suppressing morphology-dependent resonances in laser-induced fluorescence signals of fuel droplets using a two-dye approach
Authors: Koegl Matthias , Glahn Jake , Zigan Lars
Published: December 2024

The present study focuses on suppressing morphology-dependent resonances (MDRs) in laser-induced fluorescence signals of micrometric fuel droplets. The fluorescence signal is generated by doping the fuels with the fluorophore nile red and its excitation by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. The fluorescence signals are collected by a spectrometer and an imaging setup. In general, the MDRs appear at longer wavelengths in the emission spectrum compared to the fluorescence maximum. These artefacts can lead to large measurement uncertainties, especially for ratio-based fluorescence techniques. An admixture of the second dye solvent blue 38 (S38), which shows an absorption band matching the MDR emission of nile red, enables a suppression of MDRs that are also shifted to larger wavelengths. The study investigates the influence of S38 at various concentrations to the fluorescence signal of nile red in micrometric spherical ethanol droplets between 40 µm and 80 µm. Furthermore, the investigations revealed that an increase in laser fluence inevitably requires a larger concentration of S38. A sufficient admixture of S38 for a certain concentration of nile red ensures a full suppression of the MDRs in nile red fluorescence signals and facilitates reliable measurement conditions for droplet studies.
Graph model-aided optimal iterative decoding technique for LDPC in optical fiber communication
Authors: Tian Qinghua , Pan Yiqun , Xin Xiangjun , Zhu Lei , Li Zhipei , Wang Chenchen , Dong Ze , Gao Ran , Tian Feng , Wang Fu , Yang Leijing , Zhang Qi , Wang Yongjun
Published: December 2024

The neural networks offer iteration capability for low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding with superior performance at transmission. However, to cope with increasing code length and rate, the complexity of the neural network increases significantly. This is due to the large amount of feature extraction required to maintain the error correction capability. Based on this gap, we design a new iterative LDPC decoding technique named graph model neural network-belief propagation (GMNN-BP). GMNN-BP uses graph models as a link between deep learning and belief propagation (BP) algorithms, combining the advantages of both. Compared to traditional fully connected neural network decoders, the GMNN-BP decoding has the substantial benefit of avoiding learning and judging codeword categories directly from a large amount of data and requiring less training data as well. The proposed algorithm is verified by simulation and experiment and is tested by using IEEE 802.3ca standard LDPC code word. The results show that the GMNN-BP decoding algorithm is superior to the BP-based iterative decoding method under the same number of iterations, and the maximum gain can reach 1.9dB. When achieving the same performance, the GMNN-BP decoding algorithm only requires half the number of iterations of other algorithms.
A metasurface light-trapping structure for solar cell applications
Authors: Wei Bo , Mao Xu , Liu Wen , Ji Chunxue , Yang Guiqiang , Bao Yidi , Chen Xiaoling , Wei Shuguo , Wang Xiaodong
Published: December 2024

Light trapping structures can enhance the absorption and reduce the thickness and costs of solar cells. Among light trapping structures, the metasurface structure utilizes Mie scattering to make light enter the solar active layer better, thus improving the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of solar cells. Herein, we simulated and optimized a metasurface light-trapping structure for solar cells and implemented this structure on solar cells. Simulation results of thin-film silicon-based solar cells show that the maximum short-circuit current can be increased to 24.46 mA/cm2 using a metasurface light-trapping structure, which is an increase of 40.49% compared to the reference bare cell. In addition, when this metasurface structure is integrated into a crystalline silicon solar cell, we find that the maximum short-circuits current reaches 29.09 mA/cm2, which is an even more significant improvement of 54.6% compared to the reference bare cell, and the power conversion efficiency increases by 7.14%. This study verifies the effect of a metasurface light-trapping structure on the light absorption of silicon-based solar cells.
Reduced loss and bend sensitivity in hermetically-sealed hollow-core fiber gas cells using gas-induced differential refractive index
Authors: Pradhan Somarpita , Kelly Thomas W. , Elistratova Elizaveta , Davidson Ian A. , Horak Peter , Wheeler Natalie V.
Published: December 2024

Hollow-core optical fiber (HCF) gas cells are an attractive option for many applications including metrology and non-linear optics due to the enhanced gas-light interaction length in a compact and lightweight format. Here, we report the first demonstration and characterization of a selectively pressurized, hermetically sealed hollow-core fiber-based gas cell, where the core is filled with a higher gas pressure than the cladding to enhance the optical performance. This differential gas pressure creates a gas-induced differential refractive index (GDRI) that is shown to enable significant modification of the HCF's optical performance. Measurements on fabricated gas cells indicate a significant broadband reduction in attenuation of up to ∼10 dB (at 1100 nm) for a 24 m fiber length and an estimated pressure difference of ∼6 bar between the gas in the core and cladding regions. Additionally, using the fabricated gas cells, we show experimentally for the first time that GDRI can reduce macrobend loss in HCFs. Finally, long term (one year) measurements indicate no degradation in the gas cell performance due to gas permeation or gas exchange between the core and cladding regions, demonstrating the viability of using this gas cell format to implement a GDRI within a HCF to improve optical performance over an extended time period in an all-fiber format.
Toward low-noise on-chip plasmonic three-dimensional biological cell imaging
Authors: Momtaj Maliha , Talukder Muhammad Anisuzzaman
Published: December 2024

Enhancing accessibility to affordable and efficient cell imaging tools has been a longstanding worldwide objective for rapid disease detection and diagnosis. We present an innovative approach to this goal, introducing a compact, portable, and user-friendly three-dimensional (3D) cell imaging platform leveraging silicon photonics and the surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) phenomenon. Central to our method is a specially designed slide that incorporates a fundamental SPCE structure seamlessly integrated with a silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide. We introduce a grooved array on the slide to couple light into the waveguide, interfacing with a broadband light source. This source is employed to excite fluorescently labeled cells. The excitation is achieved using edge coupling through the SiN waveguide, directing the excitation light to the specimen placed on the SPCE platform. This integrated architecture eliminates the necessity for an additional filter to extract the required light for fluorophore excitation while enabling precise excitation of labeled cells. Following the fluorophore excitation, the emitted SPCE signals are captured and subjected to analysis. We have developed an imaging algorithm based on the emitted light patterns, which we comprehensively detail through theoretical demonstration. This algorithm has the remarkable capability of achieving 3D cell imaging. This fusion of optics and computational techniques can significantly impact the domain of cell imaging by enabling the development of easily accessible and portable point-of-care (POC) imaging tools.
Enhanced spectral resolution in mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy via synchronous offset frequency tuning
Authors: Tang Bocheng , Yi Ziyuan , Yang Qingzhao , Lu Minjian , Huang Chao , Kong Xiangchen , Zhang Lieshan , Li Yan , Wei Haoyun
Published: December 2024

Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy offers significant advantages by combining the high sensitivity of mid-infrared spectroscopy with the high spectral resolution and rapid acquisition of the dual-comb method. However, its effective resolution, constrained by the inherent comb line spacing, hinders its ability to resolve narrow absorption features, common in critical applications such as sub-Doppler spectroscopy, low-pressure gas analysis, and construction of the atmospheric profile. To address this challenge, we present a synchronous offset frequency tuning method for the mid-infrared dual-comb system to improve effective resolution far beyond comb line spacing. In our system, the mid-infrared dual-comb source is generated from a near-infrared dual-comb source and a continuous-wave pump laser via difference frequency generation in a single periodically poled lithium niobate bulk. By adjusting the phase-lock frequency of the pump laser to one of the near-infrared combs, we synchronously tune the offset frequencies of both mid-infrared combs without changing the near-infrared dual-comb source. We demonstrated that this method enabled the high resolution of overlapped spectral lines of ethane around 3000 cm−1, achieving a uniform spectral sampling interval of 10 MHz in the interleaved spectrum and a 25-fold enhancement in effective resolution. This approach allows for sub-MHz spectral resolution in mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy without any modifications to the data acquisition system, offering possibilities for high-precision spectral analysis.
Three-dimensional shape measurement method and system calibration for an annular Inner-wall
Authors: Zhagn Baichun , Jiang Yifan , Wu Qingyang , Zhang Qican
Published: December 2024

In the field of industrial measurement, capturing a three-dimensional (3D) profile of an annular inner-wall has been a significant challenge. Current methods typically require multiple scans using a 3D scanner or circular structured light technique, which are inefficient and inconvenient to use. To address this issue, an off-axis measurement method and corresponding system has been proposed in this paper based on circular fringe projection. It can be used to reconstruct the 360° profile of an annular inner-wall in a single scan without any movement. Additionally, a full-field calibration method using ray-tracing for this system has also been presented. Compared to the traditional methods, this method features a simple calibration structure, convenient operation and no need for strict coaxial alignment, which enhances the flexibility of the proposed measurement system and contributes to its high efficiency and the integrity of its output data. Simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness and practicality of this measuring approach and system calibration method, providing an alternative solution for automated 3D profile measurement of annular inner-wall.
Position-definable coherent microwave pulse train generation in an actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Liu Yixuan , Xu Ziwei , Zhang Lingjie , Zhang Yaowen , Zhang Zhiyao , Li Heping , Liu Yong
Published: December 2024

An approach to generating position-definable coherent microwave pulse trains is proposed and demonstrated based on an actively mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). In this scheme, a low-frequency signal with a customized waveform is employed as the mode-locking signal to periodically manipulate the intracavity gain of the OEO. Once the repetition frequency of the mode-locking signal satisfies the active mode-locking condition, microwave pulses are generated at the time positions corresponding to the gain peaks. The temporal distribution of the microwave pulses within one period is determined by the waveform of the mode-locking signal. Therefore, through designing the waveform of the mode-locking signal, coherent microwave pulse trains with user-defined pulse positions can be obtained. In the experiment, a non-uniformly spaced microwave pulse train, a series of microwave pulse clusters, and a binary-encoded microwave pulse sequence with a “Barker code” format are generated by the actively mode-locked OEO, all of which are with an identical carrier frequency of 10 GHz.
Optical properties of barium borate crystal in the THz range revisited
Authors: Li Rukang , Zhang Guochun , Zhang Liangliang , Wang Guoyang , Zheng Ruojun , Zhao Jiacheng , Zhang Xi-Cheng
Published: December 2024

Low-temperature phase (β-form) barium borate (BBO) is one of the most important nonlinear crystals that has been widely used for optical second-harmonic generation (SHG), especially with femtosecond sources. There was growing interest in its applications in the direct generation of terahertz (THz) radiations, but it was hindered by the lack of knowledge of its basic properties in the THz range. In a recent study based on first-principles quantum chemistry calculation, we found that the theoretically calculated refractive indices of β-BBO in the THz frequency range do not agree with the previously reported values. To explore the discrepancy between measured and calculated results, we grew and cut β-BBO crystals and performed independent experimental measurements on the refractive indices of BBO crystals. The new data show that the order of ordinary and extraordinary index of β-BBO in the THz range is opposite, contrary to several papers previously reported. Based on the newly acquired material properties, simple geometries fulfilling phase matching (PM) conditions with n
o
(THz)=n
o

g
r
(800nm) for efficient generation of THz radiation through optical rectification in β-BBO are proposed.
Anisotropy-induced evolution of topological half vortices in a dielectric photonic crystal slab
Authors: Ruan Zhenchen , Duan Qilin , Lei Siyu , Zheng Ze-Huan , Chen Huanyang , Chen Ying
Published: December 2024

Circular polarization points (C points), which evolve from bound states in the continuum and feature topological half vortices, are important in manipulating chiroptical effects and controlling valley exciton emission in photonic systems. The methods for generating and manipulating C points usually rely on symmetry breaking of structures, but new strategies are required for more refined control. In this work, we investigate the generation and evolution of C points in photonic crystal slabs (PCSs) composed of anisotropic media while keeping the geometrical structure unchanged. By adjusting the optical axis of the anisotropic media, we introduce two degrees of freedom including azimuth and rotation angles, leading to the V point to split into two C points with opposite handedness. Our approach offers flexible control of C points by tuning material properties, presenting new, to the best of our knowledge, opportunities for direction- and spin-dependent optical devices.
A multi-hazard perspective on equitable adaptation and how to assess it
Authors: Haer Toon , de Ruiter Marleen
Published: December 2024

Natural hazards disrupt livelihoods and cause significant economic damage globally, disproportionately burdening vulnerable and marginalized populations. Adaptation efforts must become more equitable to better distribute risk among socio-economic groups, ensure inclusive representation in decision-making, and address root causes of vulnerability. While there are similarities across hazard types in achieving equitable adaptation, attention to their differences is essential, as each hazard type poses distinct adaptation challenges. Additionally, equitable adaptation to compound and consecutive events is complicated by potential maladaptation and adaptation trade-offs, further pressuring the most vulnerable. This study provides a multi-hazard perspective on equitable adaptation across various hazard types and multi-hazard events. We identify challenges for hazards based on magnitude (intensive vs. extensive), onset (rapid vs. slow), and for compound and consecutive events. To advance equitable adaptation to multi-hazards, we recommend that (1) equitable adaptation analyses address specific challenges by hazard type, (2) adaptation efforts are scaled up for extensive events, such as nuisance flooding, due to their cumulative impact on vulnerable groups, and (3) research advances toward multi-hazard thinking to prevent maladaptation and adaptation trade-offs. To support equitable, multi-risk adaptation decisions, methods must integratively capture the complexities of social and environmental systems, especially regarding consecutive and compounding events. This paper highlights recent advancements in qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as decision-making approaches, to tackle socio-environmental complexities. Our analysis includes (1) qualitative approaches for complex socio-environmental systems, (2) quantitative approaches for these systems, and (3) decision-making under deep uncertainty. Combining these in a mixed-methods approach shows potential for more effective modelling of equity and multi-hazard considerations.
Evaluation of inflammation adjustment methods to assess iron deficiency using longitudinal data from norovirus human challenge trials
Authors: Ko Yi-An , Suchdev Parminder S. , Geng Jiaxi , Luo Hanqi , Young Melissa F. , Williams Anne M.
Published: December 2024

Accounting for inflammation is necessary to assess iron deficiency using ferritin. A limitation of existing inflammation-adjustment methods is reliance on cross-sectional data to evaluate method performance. The study objective was to evaluate three inflammation-adjustment methods using longitudinal data from two controlled trials where apparently healthy adults (n = 52) were exposed to norovirus. Correction factors (CF), the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) regression correction (BRC), and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to adjust the influence of inflammation on ferritin using alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and/or C-reactive protein (CRP). Blood was collected at baseline (day 0, pre-exposure to norovirus) and at 9 time points post-exposure (days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35). Inflammation-adjusted ferritin concentrations were compared with 1) baseline, 2) endline, 3) the average of baseline and endline, and 4) predicted ferritin concentrations among subjects with infection, expressed as percent difference. The predicted ferritin concentrations were modeled using data from 26 subjects without infection in a linear mixed model. Adjusting for CRP or AGP, the median differences between adjusted ferritin using CF, BRC, and RCS were respectively [0.2%, 2.5%], [-22.2%, -20.8%], [-16.7%, -7.1%] compared with the average of baseline and endline values and were 0%, [-16.8%, -18.5%], [-8.9%, -2.8%] compared with predicted ferritin concentrations. For BRC, adjusting for both CRP and AGP tended to result in more over-adjustment of ferritin compared to using a single inflammatory protein. The BRC appeared to overcorrect ferritin in this study setting, while the CF yielded adjusted ferritin concentrations closer to the average baseline and endline concentrations and the predicted concentrations. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes exposed to other infectious agents are needed to further evaluate inflammation-adjustment methods and the need for including multiple inflammation biomarkers.
Improving HIV testing and retention among adolescents and youths: Lessons from a quasi-experimental study of the Red-Carpet Program in Malawi
Authors: Chamanga Rachel , Musukwa Tessa , Lenz Cosima , Kalitera Louiser , Singini Geoffrey , Gent Felix , Nkhoma Harrid , Woelk Godfrey , Kose Judith , Maphosa Thulani
Published: December 2024

Adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLHIV) often face significant challenges in HIV care. Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation in Malawi implemented the Red-Carpet Program (RCP) to provide fast-tracked services for AYLHIV in care.This study aimed to assess the effect of RCP on Provider-Initiated HIV testing, linkage to care and antiretroviral therapy (ART), and retention in care among AYLHIV in Blantyre, Malawi. This quasi-experimental study compared outcomes among newly identified AYLHIV enrolled in four intervention health facilities implementing RCP with those of three non-intervention facilities between July 2020 and March 2021. Non-intervention sites were selected by matching based on patient volumes and baseline retention rates prior to the intervention ensuring comparability with the intervention sites. Proportions and Chi-square tests were used to compare outcomes between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to assess longitudinal outcomes, and Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard of non-retention in care. Data were collected from 475 AYLHIV from RCP sites and 248 AYLHIV from non-intervention sites. In the non-intervention sites, 87% of AYLHIV were female, compared to 78% in the RCP sites. A higher proportion of adolescents (67%) underwent provider-initiated HIV testing at intervention site s than at non-intervention sites (51%), p<0.01. Retention in care was higher in RCP sites, with 67% of AYLHIV in care at 12 months post-initiation compared with 56% in non-intervention sites, p = 0.005. AYLHIV from intervention sites were less likely to experience non-retention than those from non-intervention sites (adjusted Hazard Ratio: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.28–0.80). The implementation of the RCP facilitated higher rates of provider-initiated HIV testing among adolescents and youth. Furthermore, RCP demonstrated the potential to improve retention in care The RCP offers promise for enhancing outcomes among this vulnerable population, emphasizing the need for tailored HIV interventions for adolescents and youth.
Why U.S. science and engineering undergraduates who struggle with mental health are left without role models
Authors: Busch Carly A. , Barstow Margaret , Brownell Sara E. , Cooper Katelyn M.
Published: December 2024

Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental health concerns for science and engineering (S&E) undergraduates in the United States (U.S.), and students perceive they would benefit from knowing a S&E instructor with depression or anxiety. However, it is unknown how prevalent depression and anxiety are among S&E instructors and whether instructors disclose their depression or anxiety to their undergraduates. These identities are unique because they are concealable stigmatized identities (CSIs), meaning they can be kept hidden and carry negative stereotypes. To address these gaps, we surveyed 2013 S&E faculty instructors across U.S. very high research activity doctoral-granting institutions. The survey assessed the extent to which they had and revealed depression or anxiety to undergraduates, why they chose to reveal or conceal their depression or anxiety, and the benefits of revealing depression or anxiety. These items were developed based on prior studies exploring why individuals conceal or reveal CSIs including mental health conditions. Of the university S&E instructors surveyed, 23.9% (n = 482) reported having depression and 32.8% (n = 661) reported having anxiety. Instructors who are women, white, Millennials, or LGBTQ+ are more likely to report depression or anxiety than their counterparts. Very few participants revealed their depression (5.4%) or anxiety (8.3%) to undergraduates. Instructors reported concealing their depression and anxiety because they do not typically disclose to others or because it is not relevant to course content. Instructors anticipated that undergraduates would benefit from disclosure because it would normalize struggling with mental health and provide an example of someone with depression and anxiety who is successful in S&E. Despite undergraduates reporting a need for role models in academic S&E who struggle with mental health and depression/anxiety being relatively common among U.S. S&E instructors, our study found that instructors rarely reveal these identities to their undergraduates.
Exploring the gender gap in young adult mental health during COVID-19: Evidence from the UK
Authors: Webster Mhairi , Manoukian Sarkis , McKendrick John H. , Biosca Olga
Published: December 2024

Aims

To explore the prevalence of a mental health gender gap within a young adult sample during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify the impact of loneliness and domestic time use on young people’s, and particularly young women’s mental health.

Method

Using data from the UK Longitudinal Household Survey (UKHLS), this research examines mental health prior to the pandemic (2019) and during the pandemic (April 2020 until September 2021). A random-effects regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of loneliness, and domestic factors across age and gender to ascertain their contribution to the mental health gender gap in a young adult population.

Results

Average mental health decline was consistently higher for women compared to men, and young people (ages 16–24) saw a reduction in mental health twice as much as those in the oldest age category (over 65). Loneliness accounted for a share of the mental health gender gap, and a more decrease in mental health was recorded for young women experiencing loneliness, compared to older age groups. Domestic and familial factors did not have a significant impact on young people’s mental health.

Conclusions

Although across all ages and genders, mental health had returned to near pre-pandemic levels by September 2021, young people and especially women continue to have worse mental health compared to other age groups, which is consistent with pre-COVID age and gender inequalities. Loneliness is a key driver in gendered mental health inequalities during the pandemic in a young adult population.
Double extreme-cum-median ranked set sampling
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Yasin Seyab , Al-Bossly Afrah , Ali Asad , Al Samman Fathia Moh. , A. Almazah Mohammed M. , Iqbal Kanwal
Published: December 2024

Extreme-cum-median ranked set sampling has been developed to address the problem of heterogeneity and outliers / extreme values. Double ranked set sampling has been suggested to obtain more reliable samples using the concept of degree of distinguishability. Dealing with heterogeneous and non-normal populations seems to be an area with a dearth of research. This article endeavors to address this research gap by introducing a new, improved ranked set sampling procedure that combines the aforementioned approaches, which is called double extreme-cum-median ranked set sampling. A simulation study for some symmetric and asymmetric probability distributions has been conducted. The results show that the newly proposed scheme performs better than its competitors under perfect and imperfect ranking, but the best performance has been observed for Weibull distribution with perfect ranking. An empirical study utilizing real-life data following skewed distribution was carried out. The real-life data results align well with the Monte Carlo simulation outcomes. Due to its flexible ranking options, the newly proposed technique is suggested for heterogeneous and non-normal populations.