bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors of the Shadow Economy in Market and Transition Economies during the Post-Crisis Period: is there a Difference?
Authors: Fedajev Aleksandra , Veličković Milica , Nikolić Radmilo , Cogoljević Maja , Remeikienė Rita
Published: June 2022

The shadow economy (SE) is a global phenomenon that affects every country. However, its forms and mechanisms may differ depending on a country's socio-economic characteristics. The major characteristic is a country’s economic system. Hence, market and transition economies can be affected differently. Given that the size of the SE directly affects the level of tax revenue, it is particularly important to investigate the factors of the SE during the post-crisis period, when policymakers need sufficient budgetary funds to implement anti-crisis measures. In that sense, this paper aims to identify the differences in the factors that boosted the SE in 17 market and 19 transition economies in Europe between 2009-2014. The research is based on the PLS-SEM method. A country’s wealth and development, market openness, tax system and political environment are employed as the major SE factors. These factors are the most common in previous literature when investigating the issues of the shadow economy and are most appropriate for this research. The results suggest that particular factors of the SE differently affect market and transition economies. In transition economies, a favourable political environment, greater wealth and development, as well as a lower tax burden contribute to a smaller size of the SE, whereas greater market openness and a higher tax burden lead to a larger size of the SE. The links between market openness, tax system and the SE are not, however, statistically significant. Like transition economies, market economies are characterized by the positive impact of political environment and wealth and development when combating the SE. Unlike in transition economies, the size of the SE in market economies is reduced by a high tax burden and greater market openness. In the latter case, there is only one statistically insignificant path coefficient – it represents the relationship between the SE and market openness. The Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) method was employed to compare the path coefficients estimated for the country groups under consideration. The results indicate that the only difference in the path coefficients representing the relationship between market openness and the SE is not statistically significant. Based on the research results, some recommendations for policymakers in transition and market economies are provided in the conclusion.
Prerequisites of deliberative democracy: Inclusivity, publicity, and heterogeneity of German citizens’ everyday political talk
Authors: Schmitt-Beck Rüdiger
Published: June 2022

Departing from a systemic perspective, the paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of ordinary citizens’ everyday political talk from a deliberative democratic point of view. Drawing on unique survey data collected in Germany it examines three prerequisites of deliberative democracy as a model of democracy that is rooted in political discussions among the citizenry at large: (1) The prerequisite of inclusivity expects citizens’ engagement in everyday conversations to be widespread and egalitarian. (2) The prerequisite of publicity demands citizens to be mutually aware of each other’s political perspectives. (3) The prerequisite of heterogeneity necessitates that the standpoints to which citizens are exposed when communicating about politics reflect society’s political pluralism. Analyses of citizens’ communicative engagement in their overall and core networks suggest basically positive diagnoses for all three prerequisites, but with severe limitations on closer inspection. The paper furthermore shows that with regard to everyday political talk social inequality gives rise to political inequality, and demonstrates how these effects are mediated by variations in citizens’ endowment with cultural and social capital.
Movement and Health in virtual topics of pedagogy practice of Physical Education students at FSpS MU
Authors: Válková Hana , Janíková Marcela
Published: June 2022

The starting point of the article is the question - how to address the pedagogic practices of university PE students at the time of pandemic measures, i.e., the closure of secondary schools and universities and the transition to alternative forms. Overview of standard teaching practices for TV on FSPS according to accreditation valid from academic year 2019/2020 is described as so as innovative inputs are described. Alternative performance in PP1, PP2 and PP3 practices, students pedagogy portfolio consisted of: compulsory activities - compulsory-optional activities – participation in “tripartite”. Tripartite is a specific form for on-line personal communication of all actors of pedagogic practice at a determined school: student – guiding schoolteacher – FSpS tutor. The basic method was the assessment of documents processed by 149 students, participating in alternative (virtual, on-line) format of pedagogical practice, i.e. analysis of their work (portfolio) and methodological sheets, pedagogical diaries and reports, schemes for teaching, video shots. Activities oriented on healthy lifestyle were formulated: theoretical topic, practical exercise focused on: a) fitness, b) relaxing. The analysed inputs were assessed by descriptive statistics. Results show that all 149 students included the healthy lifestyle activities in determined variants in their tasks. It can be deduced students are prepared for teaching this topic. From the other hand students expressed these outputs were the simplest to realize in alternative form. In conclusion students, guiding teachers and FSpS tutors expressed together: despite of the fact the virtual form cannot in any way replace direct pedagogic activity virtually conceived practices were not a waste of time. Outputs oriented on movement and health can also be part of the contents for the period of teaching PE in regular conditions. This idea is in line with WHO's objectives.
Contributions of the School Settings to the Promotion of Health-enhancing Physical Activity – dissemination of the HEPAS project results in the context of the Czech curriculum changes
Authors: Vlček Petr , Slaná Jitka , Vašíčková Jana , Bailey Richard
Published: June 2022

This text presents one of the steps in the dissemination process of the ‘HEPAS’ project in the Czech Republic. HEPAS (Healthy and Physically Active Schools in Europe) was funded under the Erasmus+ Programme, Key Action 2: Strategic Partnerships led by the University of Luxembourg. HEPAS Associated Partners (according to the service agreement) was to perform the activities specified in the agreement to successfully promote and implement the project results in their respective country. In the Czech Republic, the Czech Society of PE Teachers (CSPET) was the HEPAS associated partner. The objective of this paper is to point out an unpublished report elaborated by the HEPAS project team and use the data to consider the specifics of the Czech curriculum currently being revised. The report brought evidence from the last ten years of the contributions of schoolbased physical activity, physical education, and school sport on the promotion of healthenhancing physical activity. The study used a 'rapid reviewing' method, in which sources were identified and analysed using systematic reviewing techniques, but subsequent stages were adapted to facilitate flexible and practical interpretation. The authors used the results to discuss the plausibility of introducing an 'Active Schools' concept in the Czech curricula, in which physical education lessons designed to equip students with the prerequisite knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values supportive of a physically active lifestyle are augmented by other school-based contexts which provide the opportunity to meet the recommended guidelines for physical activity participation.
Health Promotion by Physical Activity in Relation to Body Composition
Authors: Sofková Tereza , Hřivnová Michaela
Published: June 2022

Regular physical activity is a natural tool in weight control. Appropriate indicators for conclusive evidence of somatic condition are individual body components. Our research objective was to analyse selected body composition fractions in relation to meeting recommended physical activity in young adult females. 258 women participated in our study; women were divided into two groups according to the physical activity level achieved, either meeting or not meeting the recommended physical activity level in terms of intensity (moderate physical activity, 3 to 5.99 MET) and level (≥ 150 min/week). To determine the physical activity parameters, namely the level and intensity within one week and average daily number of steps, ActiGraph GT1M Accelerometer was used. Direct Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method (DSM-BIA Method) using InBody 720 Body Composition Analyser was used to determine body composition parameters. The differences between the groups according to the physical activity level reached were statistically insignificant for the selected body composition fractions we investigated. Lower relative risk of damage to health as measured by the somatic indices (body mass index: BMI, body fat mass index: BFMI) was observed in women carrying out moderate physical activity level (MPA, 3 to 5.99 MET), i.e. 150 to 300 minutes. In the assessment of habitual recommended physical activity level, the women were classified either as active or women with typical daily activities. Research study verified positive relationship between meeting the recommended physical activity level and its impact on health risk indicators, namely lowering body fat mass index (BFMI), lowering body fat (BFP, BFM) and smaller visceral fat area (VFA). Positive approach to the physical activity may lead to the decrease in number of health problems associated with excess weight and obesity in later age.
Two Visions of Human Life and Procreation
Authors: McInerny Ralph M. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2022

On its release, the Instruction on Respect for Human Life was accused of obstructing the technological enhancement of human life by using slippery slope arguments to impose the Magisterium’s opinion that accepting certain new technologies, like homologous artificial fertilization, would weaken resistance to practices the Church traditionally has opposed. To the contrary, the instruction calls attention to the fact that by using these technologies, we have in principle accepted all sorts of thigs, with or without technology, which are destructive of human life.
What Broke Science?
Authors: Smith Carr J. , Fischer Thomas H. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2022

Although conflated in the public mind, science and technology are separate though overlapping enterprises. While technological progress is advancing rapidly, the more philosophically oriented scientific fields are experiencing an epistemological crisis. In the following text, we examine the origins of this epistemological crisis. Although the crisis is multifactorial in origin, with the factors interacting in a nonlinear fashion, several distinct contributors can be identified. These include a decline in confidence in Western culture and a concomitant rise in exaggerated self-criticism, diminution of cause-and-effect relationships, the rise of relative truth, and a transition from an agnostic to an atheistic stance among scientists.
Confusions regarding Conscience in the Time of COVID
Authors: Atkinson Gary Michael ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2022

The aim of this essay is to demonstrate three main points: (1) that many of the widespread appeals made to conscience in the time of COVID display little understanding of conscience’s fundamental nature; (2) that they assume for conscience a sacrosanct status it does not possess; and (3) that because of the first two points, conversation regarding conscience and COVID has generated considerable confusion. In support of these points, this paper (1) shows what conscience is, (2) employs St. John of the Cross’s examination of attachments to suggest that possession of a well-formed conscience is frequently a most difficult achievement, and (3) examines various expressions associated with the COVID debate to illustrate how much of the conversation has stemmed from or resulted in little real understanding.
A Catholic Moral Appraisal of In Vitro Gametogenesis
Authors: Pugeda Teofilo Giovan S. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2022

In vitro gametogenesis is the process of deriving gametes from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. While not as well-known as in vitro fertilization, IVG could lead to more moral issues that would require corresponding responses from the Magisterium. Because IVG remains at the experimental stage, mainly using mice, the Magisterium has not issued any such responses in a document along the lines of Donum vitae and Dignitas personae. This essay situates IVG within Catholic moral teachings for those who are unfamiliar with the teachings of the Church but who are interested in forming their consciences and those of others on what is undoubtedly a peculiar medical technique with many moral ramifications.
Sexual Ethics, Practical Reason, and the Magisterium
Authors: Moschella Melissa ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2022

Irene Alexander’s article in last spring’s issue of this journal criticizes the new natural law (NNL) account of sexual ethics, including Melissa Moschella’s defense of that view in a previous article also in this journal. Alexander claims that the NNL account adopts an empiricist view of nature and that NNL’s rejection of the perverted faculty argument is contrary to the Magisterium. Here Moschella responds to Alexander’s criticisms by (1) clarifying NNL theorists’ understanding of the distinction between speculative and practical reason through an explanation of Aquinas’s account of the four orders, (2) correcting Alexander’s erroneous portrayal of NNL arguments against contraception, and (3) arguing that the NNL account of sexual ethics is not only in line with magisterial teaching, but offers a better philosophical defense of that teaching than the view Alexander proposes.
Method of Tissue Acquisition Affects Success of Comprehensive Genomic Profiling in Lung Cancer
Authors: Mata Douglas A. , Harries Lukas , Williams Erik A. , Hiemenz Matthew C. , Decker Brennan , Tse Julie Y. , Janovitz Tyler , Ferguson Donna C. , Speece Iain A. , Margolis Matthew L. , Mathews Benjamin , Fedorchak Kyle , Killian J. Keith , Xiao Jinpeng , Tolba Khaled A. , Ramkissoon Shakti , Vergilio Jo-Anne , Elvin Julia A. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Huang Richard S. P.
Published: June 2022

Context.—

Multiple procedural techniques can be used to obtain tissue to create a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimen for comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) in lung cancer. The literature is mixed on whether the procedure affects CGP success.

Objective.—

To examine whether biopsy procedure affects lung cancer CGP success.

Design.—

This was a cross-sectional study of all patients with lung cancer whose specimens were submitted for CGP between January and February 2020. Multiple quality control metrics were used to determine whether cases were successfully profiled.

Results.—

In all, 3312 samples were identified. Overall, 67.5% (2236 of 3312) of samples were obtained from biopsies, 13.0% (432 of 3312) from fine-needle aspirations (FNAs), 9.7% (321 of 3312) from resections, 5.3% (174 of 3312) from fluid cytology cell blocks, and 4.5% (149 of 3312) from bone biopsies. Overall, 70.1% (2321 of 3312) of cases passed CGP, 15.4% (510 of 3312) of cases were released as qualified reports, and 14.5% (481 of 3312) of cases failed CGP. Resection samples were the most likely to be successfully sequenced, failing in only 2.8% (9 of 321) of instances, while fluid cytology specimens were the least likely, failing in 23.0% (40 of 174) of instances. Biopsy (14.5% [324 of 2236]), FNA (18.5% [80 of 432]), and bone biopsy (18.8% [28 of 149]) specimens failed at intermediate frequencies. On multivariate logistic regression analysis of CGP success on specimen type, fluid cytology (odds ratio [OR], 0.08; 95% CI, 0.03–0.19), biopsy (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.11–0.52), FNA (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.06–0.32), and bone biopsy (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03–0.17) specimens had decreased odds of CGP success relative to resection samples. Among patients with successfully sequenced samples, 48.0% were eligible for at least 1 therapy, based on a companion diagnostic or National Comprehensive Cancer Network biomarker.

Conclusions.—

The method of tissue acquisition was an important preanalytic factor that determined whether a sample would be successfully sequenced and whether a clinically actionable genomic alteration would be detected.
Les identités migrantes d’Édouard Glissant et Carlos Fuentes à travers les frontières hybrides de l’Amérique du sud
Authors: Nave Manuela
Published: June 2022

La frontière est un lieu interstitiel d’entremêlement de cultures, langues et identités. Que les migrants franchissent les confins ou qu’ils demeurent dans les villes de frontière, ils entrent en relation les uns avec les autres sur un terrain qui s’alimente de ce croisement devenant terre de rencontres et de conflits, terre d’hybridation et de perpétuel changement.Édouard Glissant et Carlos Fuentes, le premier antillais, le deuxième mexicain, ont étudié et présenté au monde la réalité complexe des frontières de leurs pays d’origine. Cet article veut proposer une analyse comparative de ceux deux identités errantes qui ont vécu et explorer des confins particulièrement compliqués à cause de leur passé de colonialisme et esclavagisme qui a engendré de sérieuses conséquences socio-économiques encore actuelles.Les deux auteurs ont le grand mérite d’avoir franchi toute frontière et d’avoir porté l’attention internationale sur leurs frontières et sur leurs peuples de frontière.
S’énoncer en poésie à la frontière des genres. Étude à partir de 'Mariées rebelles' ['Wild Brides'], de Laura Kasischke (trad. Céline Leroy) et 'Le Dernier livre des enfants', d’Ariane Dreyfus
Authors: Turck Blanche
Published: June 2022

Les études de genre et leur prise en compte dans les usages poétiques n’ont épargné ni les frontières des genres littéraires ni leurs propriétés. Dans le domaine de la poésie contemporaine, les présupposés concernant la figure complexe du « sujet lyrique » sont questionnés, afin d’inventer des usages plus critiques des postures énonciatives : quels procédés d’écriture cette notion de « sujet lyrique » recouvre-t-elle ? Quels corps et quelles représentations ce point de vue particulier fait-il émerger ? Nous nous appuierons sur le recueil traduit en français de Laura Kasischke, Mariées rebelles [Wild Brides, 1992], publié en 2017, ainsi que sur Le Dernier livre des enfants d’Ariane Dreyfus (2016) pour proposer quelques hypothèses concernant les manifestations expressives d’un sujet marqué du point de vue du genre (dans les deux sens du terme). La présence et l’étude conjointe de la traduction française permettront d’en cerner plus précisément les enjeux.
Identités plurielles au cours des voyages d’Alexandra David-Neel
Authors: Martín Quatremare Fanny
Published: June 2022

La question de l’identité a toujours été présente et en proie à diverses interrogations au fil du temps. Aujourd’hui, la plupart des spécialistes considèrent l’identité comme une évolution, une construction vouée aux métamorphoses. Alexandra David-Neel n’était pas étrangère à ces questionnements, elle revendiquait dans ses écrits de jeunesse la liberté d’être soi. Femme éclectique, on la découvre comme féministe, franc-maçonne, et cantatrice sous le nom d’Alexandra Myrial, mais aussi comme journaliste sous le nom d’Alexandra David ; or, c’est surtout en tant qu’exploratrice et orientaliste que nous la connaissons sous le nom d’Alexandra David-Neel. Les changements d’identité étaient une pratique commune pour la voyageuse, elle fréquentait avec succès toutes sortes de milieux et avait un sens de l’altérité hors du commun. Réputée pour son art du déguisement, elle a endossé de nombreuses identités pour parvenir à ses fins au cours de ses voyages. Ainsi, nous souhaitons au cours de ce travail, observer à travers sa correspondance avec son époux, comment les identités plurielles adoptées pendant son voyage ont contribué à la construction de sa propre identité.
Penser la territorialité et l’identité africaines à travers la notion d’« itinérance » chez Achille Mbembe
Authors: Koumba Rolph Roderick
Published: June 2022

La territorialité africaine, telle que nous la connaissons aujourd’hui, est fille de la colonisation. En effet, les frontières entre Etats et la notion d’Etat furent introduites en Afrique par les empires coloniaux européens afin de gérer leurs colonies. Cela ne fut pas sans incidence sur le rapport des Africains à l’espace et aux identités culturelles. Si dans la période précoloniale, la mobilité et l’intranquillité territoriale et identitaire constituaient les traits majeurs caractéristiques des sociétés africaines évoluant souvent en plein régime de l’itinérance territoriale et de l’itinérance identitaire, à l’époque coloniale, les choses furent, semble-t-il, différentes. Car les autorités coloniales ont tenté d’introduire l’immobilité là où il y avait la mobilité. Il faudra attendre la période post-coloniale, précisément le phénomène de la mondialisation, pour assister à un retour symbolique vers la mobilité précoloniale. La « révolution numérique » a joué un rôle essentiel d’autant plus qu’elle inaugure l’ère des identités transnationales et de la territorialité transnationale notamment avec l’ouverture accrue du continent africain au monde et de l’intégration du monde en Afrique.
La musique ; un levier incontournable de la contre-épopée romanesque d’Édouard Glissant
Authors: Rhimi Mohamed Amine
Published: June 2022

Édouard Glissant, romancier et philosophe antillais, rattache son épopée romanesque à une rhétorique qui tient lieu de rupture avec l’atavisme et le silence plaqués aux Caribéens et, en même temps, de dépassement de la mystification et du fixisme qui sclérosent leur culture et entravent son progrès. On estime que la contre-épopée de Glissant est organiquement liée à l’éloquence épidictique dont s’accroît la rhétorique sous-tendant son écriture et son œuvre romanesque dans l’intention d’autoriser les Antillais à recouvrer leur mémoire collective et à prendre leur destin en main. C’est ainsi que l’écrivain martiniquais fait appel aux musiciens et aux différentes expressions musicales dans l’objectif de chanter l’antillanité et changer la donne anthropologique et géoculturelle dans l’archipel des Antilles.
Délocalisation spatiale et relocalisation identitaire chez Milan Kundera
Authors: Kheriji Rym
Published: June 2022

Dans la plupart de ses romans, Milan Kundera met en scène un va-et-vient constant entre le territoire tchèque et d’autres pays essentiellement de l’Ouest, à travers les déplacements des personnages. Nous interrogeons ces flux d’im/migration centrifuge ou centripète (parfois ne dépassant pas le stade du simple projet) qui semblent participer à l’élaboration d’une poétique visant à établir un réseau de communication entre le déplacement spatial et le recentrement identitaire. Trois axes paraissent révélateurs du questionnement que l’auteur organise autour de cette problématique : d’abord la question de l’exil et/ou de l’immigration en tant que prétexte à l’évocation du rejet du pays natal et de la fuite des autres ou de soi ; ensuite celle de l’immigration à rebours qui se penche sur la perte et la reconquête de l’espace comme révélateurs de l’identité individuelle ; enfin, celle de la démystification de l’espace commun ou communautaire pour constituer un cheminement vers la réappropriation de soi. Nous partons de ce troisième axe dans une étude centrée sur la question de l’identité dans certains de ses romans.
On the issue of the application of administrative expulsion, deportation and readmission of foreign citizens
Authors: Paukova Yuliya Viktorovna
Published: June 2022

The article discusses one of the ways to counter illegal migration – the removal of foreign citizens and stateless persons from the territory of the country through the use of administrative expulsion from the Russian Federation, deportation and readmission. The subject is the consideration of the grounds for administrative expulsion, deportation and readmission from Russia to foreign citizens. The purpose of this article is to develop proposals for improving the grounds for the application of the considered types of removal of foreigners from the territory of the country. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of such research methods as formal-logical, comparison, system and complex analysis. Also, formal legal and comparative legal methods were used when writing the work. The reasons for the appointment of administrative expulsion (in the form of controlled self-departure and forced controlled movement across the State border of the Russian Federation), deportation and readmission of foreign citizens from Russia are analyzed. The results of the work can be used in the legislative activity of state bodies. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the author's vision of changing the grounds for making decisions on the removal of foreign citizens from the territory of Russia. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to correct the cases of self-departure and forced displacement of migrants when appointing administrative expulsion, to change the grounds for deportation, establishing its application to persons who have served a sentence for committing an intentional crime against life, health or public safety or who did not fulfill the decision on the undesirability of stay (residence) in Russia within the prescribed period, and also, to carry out the readmission of persons subject to administrative expulsion or deportation if it is necessary to establish their identity and citizenship or transfer them to the competent authorities of a foreign state.
New Computation Method of Minimum Dwell Time for the Schur Stability of Discrete-time Linear Systems
Authors: Duman Ahmet , Kızlkan Gülnur
Published: June 2022

We are interested in Schur stability of discrete-time switched linear systems in this paper. For this purpose, we have obtained an upper bound of the solution of discrete-time switched linear systems depending on Schur stability parameter. Also, we have obtained dwell and average dwell time which satisfies the Schur stability of the system. The method given in this paper is based on Schur stability parameter.
Chitinase Profile of Arabidopsis, Subjected to the Combined Stress of Soil Salinity, Cuscuta campestris Parasitism and Herbivores
Authors: Zagorchev Lyuben , Albanova Ivanela , Lozanova Yana , Odjakova Mariela , Teofanova Denitsa
Published: June 2022

Plants are continuously subjected to changing environmental factors, often growing in suboptimal conditions. Due to the negative impact on agricultural yield numerous researches are published every year, studying the stress response and adaptation in plants to stress factors. Most of the studies, however, are dedicated to a single stress factor. In the present study, we examined the effect of a different combination of stresses on the chitinase profile of Arabidopsis plants. First, soil salinity (abiotic stress) was applied by irrigation with 150 mM NaCl. The plants were either infected or not with the parasitic flowering plant Cuscuta campestris Yunck. (dodder) and further challenged with the herbivorous attack – the larvae of either the sciarid fly Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839) or the citrus flatid planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830). It was found that salinity and Cuscuta parasitism suppressed the response of Arabidopsis to sciarid flies, simultaneously with induction of chitinases in terms of the number of isoforms and relative activity in the parasite itself. Meanwhile, in the presence of Cuscuta, M. pruinosa tend to feed predominantly on the parasitic plant, completely ignoring the host. This was accompanied by the appearance of new chitinases, also suppressed by salinity. These results suggest complicated, antagonistic interactions between abiotic and different biotic stresses. It was also shown that the parasite is sensing the herbivore attack indirectly (in the case of L. ingenua) and transferring the stress signal to the host (in the case of M. pruinosa).
Visual and Brainstem Auditory-evoked Potentials Correlate with Specific Motor and Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Petrova Mariya , Angov Georgi , Traykov Latchezar
Published: June 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common and complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor and non-motor symptoms. The current study investigated the dysfunction of brain hemispheres and brainstem of PD patients and its relation to motor and non-motor symptoms using brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (p-VEP). We hypothesized that some motor and non-motor symptoms of PD due to specific dysfunctions of brainstem and brain hemispheres could be related to changes in p-VEP and BAEP. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to explore the abnormalities of BAEPs and p-VEPs in patients with PD and its correlation to the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Seventy-six nondemented PD patients took part in the p-VEP evaluations and 66 nondemented PD patients were included in BAEP evaluation. In order to compare the p-VEP performance of PD group, we included a control group comprising 32 age-matched participants. A BAEP substudy involved 29 age-matched healthy controls. All patients underwent a comprehensive motor and non-motor neuropsychological assessment. We found significant changes in all tested parameters of p-VEPs in PD patients compared to control subjects. In addition, these lower scores in p-VEP correlate with the results of some tests for cognition related to frontal-striatal dysfunction and contralateral rigidity, but not with the results of overall motor evaluation or other non-motor symptoms studied. In BAEP, PD patients have a significant prolongation of III and V wave latencies compared to controls. In addition, when examining the possible associations of BAEP with other non-motor manifestations of the disease, such association was observed only by the apathy scale. In conclusion, the current study confirms the visual and auditory abnormalities among PD patients thatreflect brain hemispheres and brainstem pathological changes. It also correlates these abnormalities to some motor and non-motor features of the disease, providing a localizing tool for associated brain hemispheres and brainstem dysfunctions. Furthermore, abnormal visual evoked potentials are associated with motor and non-motor symptoms due to the basal ganglia dysfunction. In contrast, abnormal auditory evoked potentials are connected with apathy, which is considered to be related with brainstem raphe nuclei dysfunction.
Regioner och kommuner har bestått provet - om hanteringen av konsekvenserna av coronapandemin
Authors: Brorström Björn , Löfström Mikael
Published: June 2022

I samband med pandemin har den svenska förvaltningsmodellen diskuterats. Det har funnits ett ifrågasättande av kommunernas förmåga att hantera den kris som pandemin innebar. Samtidigt har pandemins krishantering avslöjat så väl brist på kunskap om kommunal verksamhet bland statliga myndigheter som att det föreligger skillnader i förutsättningar mellan kommuner för verksamhetens genomförande. I studier som genomförts av fem kommuner och en region under perioden 2020–2021 visar tvärtom resultatet på den lokala nivåns förmåga att hantera pandemin, vilket även bekräftas av internationella studier. Regionens och kommunernas krishantering har visat styrkan i en decentraliserad samhällsstruktur, men också att viktiga utvecklingsfrågor och blottlagda brister måste hanteras lokalt för en ändamålsenlig hantering av kommande kriser och för en gynnsam utveckling i vardagen. Svaret finns inte i en ökad centralisering, utan en förstärkning av det kommunala självstyret och att ta sig an de utmaningar som finns i flernivåstyrningen som kommit att prägla offentlig sektor.
Classification of divorce causes during the COVID-19 pandemic using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Bramantoro Arif , Virdyna Inge
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected day-to-day activities. Some families experienced a positive impact, such as an increase of bonding between family members. However, there are families that experienced a negative effect, such as the emergence of various conflicts that lead to a divorce. Based on the literature, it can be stated that the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the increasing number of divorce rates. This paper proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) classification algorithm in determining the dominant causes of the increase in divorce rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. CNN is considered suitable for classifying large amounts of data. The data used as research materials are available on the official website of the Indonesian Supreme Court. This research utilizes Supreme Court divorce decisions from March 2020 to July 2021, which constitutes 15,997 datasets. The proposed number of layers implemented during the classification is four. The results indicate that the classification using CNN is able to provide an accuracy value of 96% at the 100th epoch. To provide a baseline comparison, the classical support vector machine (SVM) method was performed. The result confirms that CNN outweighs SVM. It is expected that the results will help any parties to provide a suitable anticipation based on the classified dominant causes of the divorce during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Derecho a no autoincriminarse y procedimientos administrativos sancionatorios: Comentario a la sentencia C-481-19 del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea y sus repercusiones
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales, Escobar Veas Javier
Published: June 2022

Derecho a no autoincriminarse y procedimientos administrativos sancionatorios: Comentario a la sentencia C-481-19 del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea y sus repercusiones
Un sistema fragmentado: La protección sectorial de los datos personales en Chile
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Contreras Pablo , Trigo Pablo ,   Universiteit Brussel y Universidad de Chile, Ortiz Leonardo ,   Universidad de Magallanes
Published: June 2022

El texto analiza el modelo de protección de datos personales ante la ausencia de una autoridad de control. Se examina cómo se protegen los datos personales en sector público y en el sector privado. El artículo concluye que, a pesar de la inexistencia de una autoridad de control especializada, la garantía del derecho se da a través de competencias fragmentadas y sectoriales, en función de la agenda de cada entidad pública.
Impugnación de los actos administrativos y el contencioso-administrativo de reclamación
Authors:   Universidad de los Andes (Chile), Aguirrezabal Grünstein Maite , Flores Rivas Juan Carlos ,   Universidad de los Andes (Chile)
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar algunos aspectos procesales relevantes de los recursos administrativos y jurisdiccionales con el objeto de determinar si estos medios de impugnación, en la forma en que están regulados, son armónicos con la garantía constitucional de un racional y justo procedimiento administrativo.
AVALIAÇÃO DA TOXICIDADE DE LODOS DE ESTAÇÃO DE TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA (ETA) E DE ESTAÇÃO DE TRATAMENTO DE ESGOTO (ETE) ATRAVÉS DE BIOENSAIOS COM SEMENTES DE ALFACE (Lactuca sativa) E CEBOLA (Allium cepa)
Authors: Liebl Daiane , Schoen Chaiane
Published: June 2022

Os lodos estão entre os principais subprodutos do tratamento de água e esgoto. Uma das alternativas de destinação destes resíduos é sua aplicação na agricultura. Contudo, há limitações devido seus possíveis efeitos tóxicos. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho avaliou a fitotoxicidade de lodos de estação de tratamento de água (ETA) e de estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) através de bioensaios com sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa) e cebola (Allium cepa). Para tal, foram preparados lixiviados com lodos de ETA e ETE. Os ensaios foram conduzidos com seis concentrações (100, 50, 10, 5, 1 e 0,5%) e dois tratamentos controle. Verificou-se maior sensibilidade das cebolas nas concentrações de 100% e 50% de lixiviado de lodo de ETE. O aumento das concentrações de lixiviado de lodo de ETE ocasionou diminuição do crescimento radicular das alfaces e um baixo índice de germinação foi observado na diluição de 100%. Além disso, o lixiviado de lodo de ETA foi menos tóxico para as sementes do que o lixiviado de lodo de ETE. Sendo assim, a aplicação adequada de lodo de ETE depende da concentração utilizada e o lodo de ETA apresentou resultados promissores para futuro uso agrícola.
Generating Soil Parent Material Environmental Covariates Using Sentinel – 2A Images for Delineating Soil Attributes
Authors: Raj M. Nivas , Kumaraperumal R. , Pazhanivelan S. , Muthumanickam D. , Ragunath K. P. , Nihar M. Ashmitha , Sudarmanian N. S.
Published: June 2022

Soil mapping procedures typically involve the combination of possible soil-forming SCORPAN factors. Among the factors, parent materials/ mineralogy has been considered important for the soil classification besides the Organisms (O) and Relief (R). Inclusion of the parent material covariate for the Digital soil mapping involves implication through geological maps, spectral derivatives and predictive modelling. In this study, the most prominent parent materials identified were derived using the spectral indices formulated based on the Sentinel – 2A multispectral information. While considering the coarse spatial resolution constraints of the existing Landsat -8 bands that may limit certain applications, Sentinel-2 images were used for the indices derivation. The generated mineral maps can support the digital soil mapping of the soil attributes at different spatial scales.
Recovery of Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) from Coagulated Ralstoniaeutropha Using a Chemical Digestion Method
Authors: Ryu Hee Wook , Cho Kyung‐Suk , Lee Eun Gyo , Chang Yong Keun
Published: July 2002

For economic recovery of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from culture broths of Ralstonia eutropha containing PHB, Al‐based and Fe‐based coagulants were used in the pretreatment step. The coagulated cells were then separated by centrifugation, and PHB was extracted by chemical digestion with a sodium hypochlorite/chloroform dispersion solution. The practical upper limits of dosage were found to be 1,500 mg‐Al/L and 1,000 mg‐Fe/L, respectively, for Al‐ and Fe‐based coagulants. When the harvested cells were treated with a 50% sodium hypochlorite/chloroform dispersion solution, PHB recovery and purity were 90−94% and 98−99%, respectively. The influence of the use of coagulants on the PHB recovery process was found to be insignificant. Despite the residual Al and Fe in the recovered PHB (less than 450 mg‐Al/kg‐PHB and 750 mg‐Fe/kg‐PHB, respectively), no detectable amounts of Al and Fe were leached from films made of the recovered PHB under acidic conditions. The use of Fe‐based coagulants is less recommended because the Fe impurity can cause an unwanted colorization problem in the final product.
Possible Role of Arachidonic Acid in Stress‐Induced Cytochrome P450IA1 Activity1
Authors: Mufti Naheed A. , Shuler Michael L.
Published: July 2002

We have previously reported that a microcarrier‐attached human hepatoma (Hep G2) cell line responds to hydrodynamic shear upon transfer to an agitated, clean, autoclaved spinner flask with a transient increase in cytochrome P450IA1 (CYPIA1) activity. Physiological changes induced by hydrodynamic stress could be problematic in the scaleup of microcarrier cultures. A better understanding of how stress alters cell physiology may assist in reactor scaleup. The induction of CYPIA1 activity was dependent on the agitation level of the cultures, and the level of CYPIA1 induction was comparable to that obtained with exposure to approximately 0.1 nM TCDD (2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin). It has been well documented that hydrodynamic shear stress can cause alterations in the metabolism of phospholipid membrane‐bound arachidonic acid (AA) in adherent cells in a parallel plate system. The present study was carried out to determine if either AA or a metabolite of AA was involved in the induction of CYPIA1 activity in the microcarrier cultures of Hep G2 cells. Addition of exogenous AA followed by initiation of the stress resulted in an increase in the level of CYPIA1 activity. Pretreatment of the cultures with quinacrine, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2, reduced the stress‐induced CYPIA1 activity. Furthermore, addition of propranolol, an inhibitor of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase, resulted in an increase in the response in addition to sustaining the induced enzyme activity. Pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, or the lipoxygenase inhibitor, caffeic acid, had no effect on the response, suggesting that the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways were not involved in generating AA metabolites that alter CYPIA1 activity. The agent, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, blocks the monooxygenase pathway and blocks CYPIA1 activity increases. These observations suggest a possible mechanism where the stress on the cells induces phospholipase D, resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid which then activates phospholipase A2, resulting in the release of AA. Further, these results are consistent with a mechanism in which the metabolism of AA, most likely through the monooxygenase pathway, results in a metabolite that by a yet unknown mechanism induced CYPIA1.
Biofiltration of Air Containing Low Concentrations of Propene Using a Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Reij Martine W. , Hamann Erik K. , Hartmans Sybe
Published: July 2002

Volatiles with a low water solubility are difficult to remove from air by biofiltration, especially when present in low concentrations, because the driving force for mass transfer into the aqueous phase is very small. We have used a microporous hydrophobic membrane as a support for biofilms that remove the poorly soluble propene from air. Two bacterial strains were compared, and the faster growing strain, Xanthobacter Py2, was selected to study biofilm formation and reactor performance at propene concentrations in the range encountered in off‐gas treatment. With a concentration of 200–350 ppm of propene in the gas phase a 20‐day start‐up period was required for the formation of a biofilm on the membrane. Once the biofilm had been established, continuous propene removal was tested over a range of concentrations. The amount of active biomass adapted to the amount of propene available. When the membrane bioreactor was operated with propene concentrations as low as 9–30 ppm in the gas phase, the propene removal rate was stable for several weeks, without the supply of any other source of carbon or energy to the microbial population.
Revised Technique for the Determination of Mean Incident Light Fluxes on Photobioreactors
Authors: Cornet Jean‐François , Marty Anne , Gros Jean‐Bernard
Published: July 2002

The cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms in photobioreactors mainly occurs under limitation by radiant light energy transfer at a rate controlled by the total radiant light energy entering the reactor. Consequently, the mean incident radiant light flux onto the reactor is a key technical quantity in both kinetic and energetic studies of such processes. In this paper, a general revised method for determining the incident radiant light flux is proposed using a chemical actinometer, Reinecke's salt. New easy procedures are given for preparing the reactive salt and measuring the photoreaction rate. Additionally, a mathematical model makes it possible to apply the technique to different reactor geometries and lighting systems with no limiting operating conditions for the incident flux. The method gives accurate results and constitutes a simple, general and reliable method for evaluating the maximum performance of photobioreactors. It can also be a tool for developing monodimensional models for simulation.
Intracellular pH Monitoring as a Tool for the Study of Hybridoma Cell Behavior in Batch and Continuous Bioreactor Cultures
Authors: Cherlet Marc , Marc Annie
Published: July 2002

We show in this paper the results obtained when studying the behavior of hybridoma cells by monitoring of the pHi during batch and continuous bioreactor cultures. A first set of experiments, consisting of a batch culture and a continuous culture at variable dilution rate, was set up under normal physiological operating conditions. Significant pHi variations were measured during these cultures. For the batch culture, maximal pHi values around 7.60 were associated with the middle of the growth phase, while lower values were found in the culture beginning and during the decay phase, respectively 7.47 and 7.40. For the continuous culture, pHi increased with increasing dilution rate, ranging between 7.40 and 7.60 for dilution rates between 0.010 and 0.040 h‐1. These pHi variations were found for both cultures to be linked to variations of the specific growth rate of the cells. The observed link between pHi and cell growth provided us a general framework for the study of the effect of suboptimal operating conditions on cell behavior, all having a particular interest in animal cell culture technology. First, our results indicate that a decrease of the medium pH of its normal value of 7.00 to 6.70 did not necessarily result in cytoplasmic acidification, at least not after prolonged exposition times in continuous culture, and this despite a pronounced growth inhibitory effect. This effect can therefore rather be explained by the combination of the increased demand for maintenance energy associated with the higher ΔpH gradient maintained across the cell membrane and the decreased supply of energy, in particular via the glucose metabolism. Second, our results indicate that also increased ammonium ion concentrations do not lower pHi. This observation, together with the results of batch cultures carried out at a more alkaline pH, indicates that the form NH3, and not the form NH4+, has a negative effect on cell growth of our hybridoma cell line. Third, in the case of an osmolality increase, a significant pHi increase was observed, with mean values of 7.35 at the lower osmolalities 335 and 370 mOsm/kg and 7.45 at the higher osmolalities of 400, 425, and 450 mOsm/kg. This higher pHi might account at least partially for the increased monoclonal antibody production observed at hyperosmolality and coincided furthermore with a faster glutamine consumption rate.
Comments on the Mechanism of Microbial Cell Disruption in High‐Pressure and High‐Speed Devices
Authors: Shirgaonkar Irfan Z. , Lothe Rakesh R. , Pandit Aniruddha B.
Published: July 2002

The dominant mechanism for microbial cell disruption in a high‐pressure homogenizer and a high‐speed homogenizer used in this study has been identified. It was found that the cavity collapse and the pressure pulse resulting from such a collapse have a significant influence on the rates of cell disruption. The similarities among the operating conditions for the decomposition of the aqueous KI solution to liberate iodine, the reaction occurring only under cavitating conditions, and that required for the substantial disruption of microbial cells have been pointed out. The liberation of iodine by the aqueous KI decomposition is treated as evidence of cavitation, and hence microbial cell disruption occurring at an identical discharge pressure confirms the mechanism of cell disruption as cavitation, in the high‐pressure homogenizer valve. In the case of the high‐speed homogenizer, shear and cavitation both play a significant role in cell disruption.