bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapie der Tic-Störungen
Authors: Roessner Veit , Schoenefeld Katia , Buse Judith , Wanderer Sina , Rothenberger Aribert
Published: June 2012

Seit dem Erscheinen unserer letzten Übersichtsarbeit zur «Therapie der Tic-Störungen» in der Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie wurden große Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet erzielt. So wurden einzelne Bausteine auf dem Weg zur optimalen Behandlung konkretisiert, z. B. Veröffentlichung einheitlicher Kriterien zur Behandlungsindikation oder Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines detaillierten verhaltenstherapeutischen Manuals zum Habit-Reversal-Training. Daneben sind neue Therapiemöglichkeiten, wie das Medikament Aripiprazol oder die Tiefenhirnstimulation, erfolgreich implementiert worden. Auch wurde das Augenmerk viel stärker auf begleitende Störungen, wie ADHS und Zwangsstörungen, gerichtet, da diese in der Regel eine besonders starke Beeinträchtigung für die weitere Entwicklung des Kindes oder Jugendlichen darstellen. Dennoch bestehen weiterhin große Wissenslücken über die Effektivität der einzelnen Behandlungsmethoden, möglicher Kombinationsbehandlungen sowie deren direkter Vergleich untereinander. Daneben erschwert das Fehlen jeglicher Parameter zur Vorhersage der individuell sehr unterschiedlichen Entwicklung der Tics über die nächsten Monate und Jahre eine evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlung und damit das Erlernen der Feinheiten bei der Behandlung von Tic-Störungen. Zusammengefasst ist noch immer eine große klinische Erfahrung für die Therapieentscheidungen beim einzelnen Patienten von großem Vorteil angesichts der enormen Bandbreite an individueller Tic-Symptomatik und Komorbidität gepaart mit den unvorhersehbaren Schwankungen im zeitlichen Verlauf.
Emotionale Dysregulation – Schnittstelle von Psychotherapie und Neurobiologie
Authors: Böker Heinz , Petermann Franz
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung: Die Erforschung der emotionalen Dysregulation bei unterschiedlichen psychiatrischen Erkrankungen liefert bedeutende Erkenntnisse für die Entwicklung störungsspezifischer psychotherapeutischer Interventionen. Das Heft vermittelt eine Übersicht über den aktuellen Stand der Forschung bei Angststörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter, bei affektiven Störungen und der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung und eröffnet einen Einblick in die neuronalen Mechanismen, die dem subjektiven Erleben von Emotionen zugrunde liegen.
Die Rolle der Emotionsdysregulation für die Genese von Angststörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Kullik Angelika , Petermann Franz
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung: Die Rolle der Emotionsregulation als ein bedeutsamer Einflussfaktor für psychische Störungen wird zunehmend diskutiert. Angststörungen zählen im Kindes- und Jugendalter zu den häufigsten psychischen Störungen, wobei der Einfluss der Emotionsregulation bislang nicht spezifiziert ist. Basierend auf den überwiegend querschnittlichen und nicht auf bestimmte Angststörungen bezogenen Befunden zum Zusammenhang von Emotionsdysregulation und Angststörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter, wird ein Modell entwickelt, das entscheidende Dimensionen der Emotionsdysregulation wie etwa die Aufmerksamkeitslenkung oder kognitive Strategien spezifiziert und einen konkreten Wirkmechanismus über die Peer-Akzeptanz annimmt. Dieses Modell der Angststörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter kann die Hypothesengenerierung zukünftiger Forschung gezielt leiten.
Selbst und Körper in der Depression
Authors: Wiebking Christine , Northoff Georg
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung: Moderne, bildgebende Verfahren wie die funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) haben sich zu einem populären Instrument der neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung entwickelt, um die Gehirnaktivität von gesunden Probanden und auch psychiatrischen Patienten zu untersuchen, während sie eine bestimmte mentale Aufgabe durchführen. Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, dass bereits die neuronale Ruheaktivität von gesunden und depressiven Patienten signifikante Unterschiede zeigt, d. h. während sie sich in einem wachen und entspannten Zustand befinden, ohne aber eine kognitive Aufgabe zu erfüllen. Die erhöhte Ruheaktivität von depressiven Patienten wirkt sich ebenfalls auf die neuronale Verarbeitung anderer Stimuli aus. Dieses betrifft sowohl das Prozessieren von exterozeptiven Stimuli (z. B. emotionale oder selbstreferenzielle Bilder) als auch das Prozessieren von körpereigenen (interozeptiven) Stimuli, worauf im Folgenden näher eingegangen werden soll.
Emotionale Dysregulation bei der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Niedtfeld Inga , Schmahl Christian
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung: Die zentrale Psychopathologie der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) ist durch eine gestörte Emotionsverarbeitung sowie Probleme bei der Emotionsregulation gekennzeichnet. Patienten mit BPS erleben intensive und instabile Emotionen sowie aversive Anspannungszustände, die besonders häufig in sozialen Situationen auftreten. Anspannungszustände hängen wiederum mit einer erhöhten Wahrscheinlichkeit für Problemverhalten (z. B. Selbstverletzungen) und einer gestörten Schmerzwahrnehmung zusammen. Da Schmerz zu einer Reduktion der Anspannung führt, könnte Selbstverletzendes Verhalten dazu führen, dass emotionales Lernen nur eingeschränkt stattfinden kann, so dass die Symptomatik aufrechterhalten wird. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit sollen neuere Forschungsarbeiten zur dysfunktionalen Emotionsregulation bei der BPS vorgestellt und der Zusammenhang zu anderen Symptomen hergestellt werden.
Emotionale Dysregulation bei affektiven Störungen
Authors: Backenstrass Matthias , Pfeiffer Nils , Marin Alina
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung: Hauptsymptom der affektiven Erkrankungen ist eine Veränderung der Stimmung. Inwieweit die Stimmungsstörung mit einer emotionalen Dysregulation einhergeht, wird aber erst in den letzten Jahren vermehrt untersucht. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der aktuellen Forschung in Bezug auf die Frage, inwieweit und welche Emotionsregulationsstrategien bei Patienten mit einer unipolaren Depression oder einer bipolaren affektiven Störung in der akuten Episode verändert sind, also als zustandsabhängige Veränderungen anzusehen sind. Desweiteren wird erörtert, inwieweit es sich bei den Veränderungen der Regulationsstrategien, wie z. B. Unterdrückung oder Neubewertung, um Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren für depressive Störungen handelt. Kognitive Reaktivität wird ebenfalls als Vulnerabilitätsfaktor beschrieben. Der Beitrag führt in das Konzept ein und arbeitet die Verbindung zur psychologischen Forschung der Affektivregulation als Vulnerabilitätsfaktor depressiver Störungen heraus. Neuere psychotherapeutische Ansätze, die sich auf Emotionsregulationsstrategien beziehen, werden kurz dargestellt. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick.
Soziale Ungleichheit, psychische und körperliche Gesundheit – welchen Einfluss hat das Alter?
Authors: Schmidt Sören , Petermann Franz , Brähler Elmar
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung: Es wird der Forschungsstand zu sozialer Schichtzugehörigkeit und Gesundheit beleuchtet und hinsichtlich altersspezifischer Merkmale diskutiert. Daraus ergeben sich drei mögliche Entwicklungsverläufe, die sich in Divergenz, Kontinuität und Konvergenz ausdrücken. Um Diskrepanzen im psychischen und körperlichen Gesundheitsstatus schichtabhängig und altersspezifisch darzustellen, wurde eine bevölkerungsrepräsentative Stichprobe (N = 2222) mittels zweifaktorieller multivariater Kovarianzanalyse untersucht (Auflösung von Interaktionen in Einfacheffekte). Schichtunabhängig ließ sich eine Abnahme des psychischen und körperlichen Funktionsniveaus über die Altersspanne feststellen. Es ergab sich eine erhebliche Diskrepanz psychischer und körperlicher Belastungen zwischen den verschiedenen sozialen Schichten, indem mit Abnahme des sozialen Status konstant höhere Belastungen auftraten. Lediglich im frühen und späten Erwachsenenalter verpassten diese in der Mehrzahl der Fälle die Signifikanz, was für konvergierende Verläufe spricht. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutsamkeit früher präventiver Maßnahmen, gerade bei Angehörigen niedriger sozialen Schichten. Im höheren Lebensalter sollten weitere Mechanismen, wie die Aktivierung sozialer Netzwerke, erfolgen um einen positiven Einfluss auf das psychische und körperliche Wohlbefinden auszuüben.
Neurobiologische und kognitive Grundlagen der Sucht
Authors: Yalachkov Yavor , Kaiser Jochen , Roeper Jochen , Naumer Marcus
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung: Obwohl unser Verständnis der Rolle neurobiologischer und kognitiver Mechanismen für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Sucht ständig zunimmt, wird dieses Wissen noch wenig in die ärztliche oder psychotherapeutische Ausbildung und Praxis integriert. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über diejenigen neuronalen und kognitiven Prozesse, die den verschiedenen Symptomen der Sucht zugrunde liegen. Dazu gehören das Motivations- und Gedächtnissystem sowie automatisiertes Verhalten und exekutive Kontrollfunktionen. Besonders betont wird die Relevanz neurowissenschaftlicher Forschungsergebnisse für ein besseres Verständnis der neurophysiologischen Hintergründe der diagnostischen Kriterien des Abhängigkeitssyndroms.
Zur Validität des Screenings psychischer Störungen im Jugendalter (SPS-J)
Authors: Hampel Petra , Petermann Franz
Published: June 2012

Zusammenfassung: Seit 2005 liegt im deutschsprachigen Raum ein ökonomisches Screening-Verfahren mit 32 Items zur Selbsteinschätzung von psychischen Störungen vor, das auf dem Reynolds Adolescent Adjustment Screening Inventory (RAASI) von Reynolds (2001) basiert. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden neuere Studien dargestellt, durch die weitere Erkenntnisse zur Reliabilität und Validität des SPS-J gewonnen wurden. Befunde einer erweiterten Normierungsstichprobe mit N = 1076 Jugendlichen im Alter zwischen 11 und 16 Jahren untermauern die befriedigenden bis guten internen Konsistenzen sowie die gute faktorielle und korrelative Validität. Die 2-Jahres-Retest-Reliabilitäten waren zufriedenstellend. Weitere Studien konnten darüber hinaus zeigen, dass das SPS-J Jugendliche mit psychischen Beeinträchtigungen oder Störungen von gesunden Jugendlichen differenzieren kann. Insgesamt liegen nun erweiterte Normen des SPS-J vor, die eine reliable und valide Erfassung wesentlicher psychischer Störungen erlauben und auf deren Basis bei auffälligen Ausprägungen eine weitere Abklärung psychischer Störungen im Jugendalter vorgenommen werden kann.
Book Reviews
Authors: WOODHEAD Martin
Published: June 2012

Publishing: Principles & Practice Richard Guthrie London, Sage, 2011, 225pp. ISBN: 978‐1‐84787‐015‐5, £19.99 (pbk), 978‐84787‐014‐8, £65 (hbk), 978‐1‐44624‐999‐4, £23.99 (e‐book)
Book Reviews
Authors: DONOVAN Stephen K.
Published: June 2012

Writing Successful Academic Books Anthony Haynes Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010, 186pp. ISBN: 978‐0‐521‐73074‐7, £12.99 (pbk)
Food Expenditure and Involuntary Retirement: Resolving the Retirement‐Consumption Puzzle
Authors: Barrett Garry F. , Brzozowski Matthew
Published: June 2012

International research has shown that household expenditure on nondurables significantly decreases at retirement ‐ a finding that is inconsistent with the standard life‐cycle model of consumption if retirement is anticipated. We analyze Australian panel data and find that the decline in grocery and food expenditure is explained by households forced to retire earlier than planned due to a health event or job‐loss, which represent unanticipated wealth shocks. For most households retirement is anticipated and there is no decline in basic expenditures. However, for an important minority, retirement is ‘involuntary’ and these households experience a marked decline across the basic expenditure categories.
Honey Bee Pollination Markets and the Internalization of Reciprocal Benefits
Authors: Rucker Randal R. , Thurman Walter N. , Burgett Michael
Published: June 2012

The world's most extensive markets for pollination services are those for honey bee pollination in the United States. These markets play important roles in coordinating the behavior of migratory beekeepers, who both produce honey and provide substitutes for ecosystem pollination services. We analyze the economic forces that drive migratory beekeeping and theoretically and empirically analyze the determinants of pollination fees in a larger and richer data set than has been studied before. Our empirical results expand our understanding of pollination markets and market‐supporting institutions that internalize external effects.
Using USDA Forecasts to Estimate the Price Flexibility of Demand for Agricultural Commodities
Authors: Adjemian Michael K. , Smith Aaron
Published: June 2012

We estimate the general equilibrium price flexibility of demand for corn and soybeans using monthly changes in expected supply published by the USDA. Our estimates reflect the demand response to a one‐year supply shock and thus correspond to the inverse demand elasticity. We derive the conditions under which our estimates are consistent, and we show how demand flexibility varies by season, inventory, time horizon, and demand composition. At average inventory and without accounting for corn‐ethanol use, we obtain price flexibility estimates of −1.35 and −1.03 for corn and soybeans, respectively. Current corn‐ethanol production levels are associated with much larger absolute flexibilities for both commodities.
Animal Breeding and Productivity Growth of Dairy Farms
Authors: Atsbeha Daniel Muluwork , Kristofersson Dadi , Rickertsen Kyrre
Published: June 2012

We introduce genetic‐based technical change into a Malmquist productivity index and measure the growth in productivity caused by bovine breeding. Because breeding is likely to affect milk quality, we adjust milk quantities for quality differences. We use panel data on Icelandic dairy farms from 1997 to 2006 to estimate an input distance function. The Malmquist productivity index shows that the average productivity growth rate is 1.6%. Scale effects are the most important source of this growth, but 19% of the productivity growth rate is due to breeding. If quality differences are ignored, the average productivity growth rate is reduced by 83%.
Optimal Coverage Level Choice with Individual and Area Insurance Plans
Authors: Bulut Harun , Collins Keith J. , Zacharias Thomas P.
Published: June 2012

We theoretically a farmer's optimal use of area and individual crop insurance when area and individual losses are positively but imperfectly correlated. If premium rates for both plans are actuarially fair, the farmer will demand full individual insurance and no area insurance. If area insurance is free and individual insurance is offered at an actuarially fair rate, area insurance replaces a portion of individual insurance demand. If individual insurance is offered as a wrap around the area plan at an actuarially fair rate and area insurance is free, the farmer will demand excess individual insurance and some area insurance.
Targeted intervention improves knowledge but not self‐care or readmissions in heart failure patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Davis Karen K. , Mintzer Miriam , Himmelfarb Cheryl R. Dennison , Hayat Matthew J. , Rotman Stacey , Allen Jerilyn
Published: June 2012

Aims

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is prevalent in heart failure, and can contribute to poor self‐care and higher hospital readmissions. Strategies to improve self‐care in patients with MCI have not been studied. This randomized controlled trial aimed to test the effect of a targeted intervention on self‐care, heart failure knowledge, and 30‐day readmissions.

Methods and results

The study included 125 patients hospitalized for exacerbation of heart failure who screened positive for MCI. The treatment group received a targeted self‐care teaching intervention using principles of cognitive training. Self‐care, heart failure knowledge, depression, and social support were assessed at baseline and 30 days post‐discharge. Mean heart failure knowledge scores improved significantly in the intervention group, but decreased in the control group (P < 0.001). When controlling for other variables, patients in the intervention group showed a greater increase in heart failure knowledge than patients in the control group (P = 0.027). Black race was significantly associated with lower heart failure knowledge scores (P = 0.030). Mean change scores for self‐care showed greater improvement in the intervention group when compared with the control group; however, this was not statistically significant. There was no difference in readmission rates between the groups.

Conclusion

It is feasible to conduct a randomized controlled trial in patients with MCI. Patients in the treatment group had greater heart failure knowledge at 30 days post‐discharge; however, this did not impact readmission rates. Further research is needed to describe how MCI affects self‐care and knowledge, and how race and other factors may influence outcomes in this population.
Governance of the activation policies in Europe
Authors: van Berkel Rik , de Graaf Willibrord , Sirovátka Tomáš
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this introduction to the special issue is to give an overview of the key aspects of the governance of activation policies as discussed in the existing literature. It explains the focus and contribution of this special issue and provides a brief summary of the main findings in the individual articles.

Design/methodology/approach

In this special issue the comparative analysis of the key aspects of governance of activation policies like centralization/decentralization, new public management, marketization and network governance is covered, accompanied by an assessment of the role of implementation conditions in shaping the real trends of governance reforms of activation policies. Further, the effects of governance reforms and the influence of EU governance on the dynamics of national activation policies are discussed. This comparative analysis leads to a typology of the “worlds of governance” of activation policies in Europe.

Findings

All the countries show certain comparable converging trends in the reforms of governance of activation, although a closer look helps us determine the shape of increasingly different patterns of governance in several respects. In spite of this variety, another general finding is the common discrepancy between aims and effects: the key explanation involves implementation failures. Three governance regimes may be distinguished in the EU countries: committed marketizers, modernizers and slow modernizers.

Originality/value

This paper suggests a new typology of governance regimes.
Competition rules and health care players: principles and consequences
Authors: Fornaciari Diego , Callens Stefaan
Published: June 2012

Purpose

Competition rules maximise consumer welfare by promoting efficient use of scarce resource and thus high output, low prices, high quality, varied services, innovation, production and distribution. European courts consider doctors and hospital staff as undertakings (any entity that performs economic activities), so that if they enter into agreements then they have to comply with competition rules. This paper's objective is to determine whether competition law, which applies to undertakings, can in fact be applied to different healthcare‐sector players and whether specific rules are needed regarding competition between healthcare undertakings.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were selected from relevant European and national case law, European institution legal documents (such as regulations, guidelines and communications) and healthcare competition law literature, and then examined.

Findings

The paper finds that competition rules are applicable to healthcare players considering the consequences if competition rules are applied to the healthcare market. For market processes to result in the appropriate cost, quality and output, competition law must be proactive. In other words, quality must be fully factored into the competitive mix, allowing consumers to weigh healthcare price and non‐price characteristics.

Research limitations/implications

Countries have different healthcare system and competition rules (although similar), competition rule impact is different for each country. Some healthcare systems are more regulated and there will be less opportunity for healthcare players to compete.

Practical implications

Efficiently applying competition law to healthcare players means that several challenges need facing, such as healthcare quality complexity and court scepticism.

Originality/value

This article points out the challenges when competition law is applied to the healthcare sector and how these challenges are faced in certain countries such as The Netherlands.
Acculturation of local new product development team members in MNC subsidiaries in Thailand
Authors: Darawong Chonlatis , Igel Barbara
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of acculturation in new product development (NPD) teams in a multicultural working environment. This paper provides recommendations for multinational companies (MNCs) in dealing with problems among team members from different cultures.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through 24 in‐depth interviews with local middle‐level managers (e.g. R&D, marketing managers) and expatriates working on NPD projects in MNC subsidiaries located in Thailand. A qualitative method was employed to explore and attain insightful information about the acculturation of local NPD members when working with expatriates.

Findings

Results show that local NPD team members may acculturate themselves to foreign work culture when they have regular contact with expatriates during the product development process. The acculturation may also affect the team performance and the relationship among team members. Cultural training programs for local NPD team members are recommended.

Research limitations/implications

Since this qualitative pilot research has a rather small sample size of cases, it limits the ability to generalize the findings. The findings from MNCs subsidiaries may not represent all other cultures of MNCs operating in Thailand.

Practical implications

The findings of this study significantly contribute to MNCs from North America and Asia that develop new products in Thailand. Cultural training programs and frequent and two‐way communications are suggested to increase the familiarity of local employees with the foreign work culture, to develop mutual objectives, and to promote shared interests among multicultural NPD team members.

Originality/value

This study extends the application of acculturation of local NPD team members within a multicultural setting, which has been rarely explored. Theoretically, the findings provide an in‐depth understanding of the local managers' acculturation pattern found in NPD teams. Also, it provides recommendations on how to support the local NPD team members more effectively in adopting critical values of the parent firm's culture so as to achieve NPD tasks facing less miscommunication and improving project performance.
Intra‐category competition, entry probability, and private label share
Authors: Peng Tan Lay , Cadeaux Jack
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the entry probability and performance of private labels at an organic food retailer. For a growing sector with unique market structure and category characteristics, it examines how competitive factors affect the attractiveness of a product category for private label entry by an organic food retailer and how the manufacturer brand assortment that the retailer stocks affects private label share.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyses store level cross‐category data from an independent organic retailer and field data on retail competition.

Findings

The findings show that organic private label stock‐keeping units are more likely to be present in categories with supermarket competition. They also show that concentration of shares amongst manufacturer brands (as measured by the Herfindahl index) negatively affect the probability that the retailer will enter a category with a private label stock‐keeping unit (SKU) but positively affects the share of that private label SKU.

Research limitations/implications

Although the results arise from a fairly small sample of around 30 categories, the focal retailer offers a unique opportunity to examine several private label decisions at the store level. Future work could examine in greater depth the competitive interaction between supermarkets and organic retailers and the effects of such competition on their assortment decisions.

Originality/value

By extending private label research beyond the conventional supermarket industry, this study conducts a pioneering test of the effects of competition between retail formats on the likelihood of private label entry.
Next phase of FATCA guidance arrives with proposed regulations and announcement of possible intergovernmental approach
Authors: Wise Roger S. , Burke Baker Mary
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explain the proposed Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) regulations released on February 8, 2012 by the US Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper provides an overview of the changes to prior FATCA guidance in the proposed regulations, including the definition of a foreign financial institution (FFI), due diligence requirements to identify US accounts, procedures to verify compliance, phase‐in information required to be reported, verification procedures, definitions of FFIs that are “deemed” to meet the FATCA requirements, definition of “passthru” payments, explanation of exemptions from withholding related to certain “grandfathered obligations,” temporary relief for FFIs with non‐compliant affiliates, and a proposed intergovernmental approach to FATCA implementation through domestic reporting and reciprocal automatic exchange of information.

Findings

The paper reveals that the FATCA grew out of Congressional concern that US taxpayers were evading taxes by failing to report US‐source income on assets held abroad. The FATCA legislation left many of the details on implementation to the US Treasury and IRS. The intergovernmental framework is not a done deal. The proposed reciprocal, automatic exchange of information would be a sea change from existing US information reporting practices and is sure to be controversial.

Originality/value

The paper provides expert guidance from experienced financial institutions lawyers.
Supervisory obligations of broker‐dealer legal and compliance personnel after the Urban case
Authors: Blanc Roger D. , Kramer Howard L. , Miller Martin R. , Comstock Matthew B.
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze a recent US Securities and Exchange Commission order dismissing an administrative proceeding against the former general counsel of a broker‐dealer relating to his purported failure to supervise a registered representative.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper explains the story of the general counsel of a broker‐dealer who recommended that a registered representative be fired for misconduct, the effective over‐ruling of that recommendation by the vice chairman of the firm who supervised the registered representative, the SEC's order instituting administrative proceedings (OIP) alleging that the general counsel was the registered representative's supervisor and failed in his supervisory responsibilities, an administrative law judge's finding that the general counsel was the registered representative's supervisor but was not negligent under the circumstances, the SEC Division of Enforcement's appeal of that decision, and the SEC Commissioners’ dismissal of the appeal after a split 1‐1 vote.

Findings

The paper finds that the SEC's “non‐decision” decision leaves compliance and legal personnel with no clear guidance as to when they may have supervisory responsibilities with respect to broker‐dealer personnel and the SEC has not explained whether compliance personnel have different and/or additional compliance responsibilities as compared to legal personnel.

Practical implications

The SEC and its Division of Enforcement are likely to pursue and penalize compliance and legal officers notwithstanding their efforts to alert senior management to wrongdoing by employees they do not actually supervise.

Originality/value

The paper provides expert guidance by experienced securities lawyers.
Sport motivation as driver for segmenting sport tourists in coastal regions
Authors: Hallmann Kirstin , Feiler Svenja , Breuer Christoph
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The market for sport tourists is very diverse and motivations of sport tourists are manifold. This also applies to the field of water sport tourism, which has not yet intensely been analysed by researchers. In order to analyse motivations and to reach target groups such as water sport tourists adequately, market segmentation is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to investigate sport motivations of tourists during their holidays as well as the tourist's participation in water sport activities, using the example of the German North Sea island Sylt. Thereby, consumer profiles will be established.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research paradigm was chosen. A survey was conducted using a standardised self‐administered questionnaire. The sample comprised n=263 participants. Two indices, one for sport motivation and one for travel motivation were constructed. Factor, as well as cluster, analysis was applied to segment the sample. Furthermore, discriminant analysis was used to identify differences between the two clusters. Finally, cross tabulations underlined the differences between the clusters.

Findings

Overall, 47.1 per cent of the sample takes part in water sports. The cluster analysis based on motivational factors revealed two groups, the casuals and the committed. Significant differences were detected between the groups with regard to sport and holiday consumption patterns and sport expenditures. However, there were no significant socio‐demographic differences between the clusters.

Practical implications

It is shown that segmentation of travellers is useful to reach the different target groups and offer unique products and services, depending on, e.g. age and sport preferences.

Originality/value

The results of this research indicate the diverse nature of water sport tourists and their underlying motivations. It is shown that holiday sport motivation depends on the actual sports practiced by the travellers, implying that prior sport motivation and involvement influence travellers' sport motivation. Overall, this research highlights the importance of segmenting sport tourists.
“If you have money, you can be kinder to them”: possessions and economic resources in children's peer groups
Authors: Lundby Erika
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the functions of material possessions and economic resources in peer relationships among third grade children.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 48 Swedish children aged nine were interviewed in focus groups, using a projective vignette technique and pictures. The children were asked if and how children in general could gain new friends through material possessions and money.

Findings

The findings indicate that children perceive possessions as multi‐functional tools in peer relationships. The ability to fit into the peer group, by the use of different possessions, was perceived as especially important. Additionally, children perceived money as an altruistic tool to demonstrate kindness.

Research limitations/implications

This is a qualitative study and the results are based solely on ten focus groups.

Practical implications

This study implies that children's ability to fit into the peer group seems to be more important than the need to express individuality. Thus, it may be a challenge for social marketers, teachers, parents, and others to address children's consumption behavior as a factor strongly influenced by the peer group.

Originality/value

Previous research indicated that material possessions were important for children in order to gain popularity among peers. However, few studies have tried to investigate how children perceive the functions of material possessions and economic resources.
The necessity consumption practices by young adults in Finland
Authors: Leipämaa‐Leskinen Hanna , Jyrinki Henna , Laaksonen Pirjo
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify which consumption practices young adults regard as necessary. Recently, necessity consumption has not attracted the interest of consumer researchers, even though it serves as an important concept for studying the fundamentals of consumption.

Design/methodology/approach

The data are based on consumption diaries in which young adults reported their consumption practices during one week and then rated the degree to which they experienced each of these practices as a necessity or luxury on a seven‐point scale. The data collection was conducted in January 2011. The sample consisted of 55 Finnish university students and the total number of practices they reported in the diaries was 3,847. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Findings

The results show that young adults experienced almost 60 per cent of their consumption practices as necessary. However, the boundaries between necessary consumption and luxury consumption appeared to be fluid. Accordingly, five groups of consumption practices were identified on the basis of their necessity/luxury ratings, and three of these groups included necessity practices of different levels.

Originality/value

The results show that young adults define necessity consumption differently in different situations. Also, the importance of social activities was evident in all three groups of necessity practices. To conclude, the authors suggest that the developed empirical model should be tested further in different contexts, especially regarding the situational factors, as it provides a fruitful starting point for studying necessity consumption.
Integration of quality cost and accounting practices
Authors: Sedevich Fons Leonardo A.
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a quality cost measurement model which is managed in coordination and conjunction with the accounting reports, thereby creating a comprehensive management control tool for organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

The contents of this paper arise from studying the theory, analyzing the evolution and observing the practice restrictions of both quality cost and accounting systems.

Findings

By using this proposed model, it is possible to unify different management control tools (such as quality cost and financial accounting) into a single system, without neglecting their individual theoretical principles.

Research limitations/implications

This is a general model that is intended to be applicable to organizations of any size and type, thus requiring specific adaptations when implemented in particular cases.

Originality/value

Theoretical aspects of quality cost have been widely developed, especially in academic environments. The current model proposes an explicit and practical measurement procedure in order to calculate these costs relying on the accounting system.
The Kellogg College Centre for Research into Assistive Learning Technologies
Authors: McKnight Lorna , Davies Chris
Published: June 2012

Purpose

This article aims to introduce the Kellogg College Centre for Research into Assistive Learning Technologies, which is a new research centre based at the University of Oxford.

Design/methodology/approach

The article briefly sets the context of the centre within the current literature, and outlines the centre's current plan of work. The centre has funding for two years to look into new developments in the application of digital technologies to support the learning and educational achievement of young people in school and higher education with a range of specific learning difficulties. This will begin with a substantial research review, as well as in‐depth studies of current initiatives in secondary schools and higher education.

Findings

The findings from the research review will aim to be published and disseminated to the research community within the first two years of the centre's life.

Originality/value

It is hoped that this centre will be able to contribute to the existing research on the uses of a range of assistive technologies in educational settings.
Animal spirits in information cascade
Authors: Jianbiao Li , Guilin Liu , Long Ju
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to better depict the features of individual and group behaviors in sequential decisions under the effect of public belief drift.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors design a two‐shots game which is closer to decisions condition in the real market by using the method of experimental economics two shots game.

Findings

The experimental results show that information cascade occurs more frequently in the second stage and the decision accuracy is decreased. The conclusion may provide experimental evidence for the “Animal Spirits Theory” of Keynes. Additionally, decision‐maker ranking in the middle of the decision sequence systematically deviates from his/her private information in balance state.

Originality/value

As existing information cascade theory of one shot decision fails to describe the belief‐dependent mechanism, the authors design the multi‐shots information cascade experiment; in which every individual decision maker has more than one sequential decision chance on the same event.
Serum high mobility group box‐1 is a powerful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chung Hye Won , Lim Jong‐Baeck , Jang Sunphil , Lee Kyong Joo , Park Kyung Hwa , Song Si Young
Published: June 2012

Extracellular high mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) contributes to tumor growth and invasiveness. We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic ability of serum HMGB1 for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Serum HMGB1 measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were compared among normal, chronic pancreatitis, PDAC group in both training (n = 25, each group) and independent validation set (n = 45, each group). To determine the usability of serum HMGB1 as a diagnostic predictor of PDAC, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with sensitivity/specificity and logistic regression were evaluated. To assess the HMGB1‐associated prognosis of PDAC, Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox proportional‐hazards regression were applied. Serum HMGB1 was correlated with presence and advanced‐stage of PDAC. Logistic regression exhibited serum HMGB1 was a remarkable biomarker to predict PDAC as a single or multiple‐markers; sensitivity/specificity of serum HMGB1 were superior to carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in both training and independent datasets. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed PDAC patients with high serum HMGB1 levels (>30 ng/mL; median survival, 192 days) had a worse prognosis than patients with low HMGB1 levels (≤30 ng/mL; 514 days) by log‐rank (P = 0.017). Cox proportional‐hazards model showed the relative hazard ratios in high‐serum HMGB1 group was 3.077 compared with the low‐serum HMGB1 group. In conclusion, serum HMGB1 is a desirable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PDAC compared with pre‐existing PDAC biomarkers, CA19‐9 and CEA.
Convergence analysis of a coherency‐constrained inversion for the separation of blended data
Authors: Doulgeris Panagiotis , Bube Kenneth , Hampson Gary , Blacquière Gerrit
Published: June 2012

Blended or simultaneous sources have been the focus of a good deal of interest recently. In conventional acquisition the time intervals between successive sources are large enough to avoid interference in time. In blended acquisition, temporal overlap between source responses is allowed. The procedure of retrieving data as if they were acquired in the conventional way is called deblending. This is an essential step if standard processing flows are to be applied.

Several inversion techniques have been proposed for solving this ill‐posed problem. We study the properties of an iterative estimation and subtraction algorithm that integrates a coherency‐pass filter in a dedicated iteration. We begin by stating the problem we wish to solve and develop a new, more general, interpretation of the method. We then apply an algebraic analysis of the iteration to establish the convergence characteristics of the algorithm. In order to facilitate this analysis, the notion of leakage subspace is introduced, i.e., a subspace where energy that cannot be uniquely assigned to one of the sources resides. We find that a unique solution exists, if, and only if, there is no leakage subspace. If a unique solution does not exist, then the iteration converges to a least‐norm solution contaminated by the projection of the initial guess onto the leakage subspace. The insights gained by this analysis lead us to the development of a simple tool that can provide valuable information during the design of a blended survey. Finally we present results from the application of this method to real blended marine data and then draw our conclusions.
Multi‐source least‐squares reverse time migration
Authors: Dai Wei , Fowler Paul , Schuster Gerard T.
Published: June 2012

Least‐squares migration has been shown to improve image quality compared to the conventional migration method, but its computational cost is often too high to be practical. In this paper, we develop two numerical schemes to implement least‐squares migration with the reverse time migration method and the blended source processing technique to increase computation efficiency. By iterative migration of supergathers, which consist in a sum of many phase‐encoded shots, the image quality is enhanced and the crosstalk noise associated with the encoded shots is reduced. Numerical tests on 2D HESS VTI data show that the multisource least‐squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) algorithm suppresses migration artefacts, balances the amplitudes, improves image resolution and reduces crosstalk noise associated with the blended shot gathers. For this example, the multisource LSRTM is about three times faster than the conventional RTM method. For the 3D example of the SEG/EAGE salt model, with a comparable computational cost, multisource LSRTM produces images with more accurate amplitudes, better spatial resolution and fewer migration artefacts compared to conventional RTM. The empirical results suggest that multisource LSRTM can produce more accurate reflectivity images than conventional RTM does with a similar or less computational cost. The caveat is that the LSRTM image is sensitive to large errors in the migration velocity model.
Gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 and mammaglobin A expression determined by immunohistochemistry is of limited utility in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Huo Lei , Zhang Jinxia , Gilcrease Michael Z , Gong Yun , Wu Yun , Zhang Hong , Resetkova Erika , Hunt Kelly K , Deavers Michael T
Published: June 2012

Aims:  In addition to oestrogen and progesterone receptors, gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 (GCDFP‐15) and mammaglobin A (MAM) are the most common markers used to identify breast origin by immunohistochemistry. GCDFP‐15 expression has been reported in approximately 60% of breast carcinomas and MAM expression in approximately 80%. Data on their expression in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) are very limited. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of these markers in TNBC to determine their utility in pathological diagnosis.

Methods and results:  We studied the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of GCDFP‐15 and MAM in 63 primary and 118 metastatic TNBCs. GCDFP‐15 staining was present in 14% of primary and 21% of metastatic TNBCs. MAM staining was present in 25% of primary and 41% of metastatic TNBCs. The frequency of expression of GCDFP‐15 and/or MAM was 30% in primary and 43% in metastatic TNBCs, and many positive tumours had only focal staining.

Conclusions:  Staining for GCDFP‐15 and/or MAM in triple‐negative carcinomas helps to confirm breast origin, but most tumours in this subgroup of breast carcinomas lack expression of either marker.
Central Resistin Enhances Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity via Phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase but Reduces the Activity to Brown Adipose Tissue via Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase 1/2
Authors: Kosari S. , Rathner J. A. , Badoer E.
Published: June 2012

Resistin is an adipokine, originally identified in adipose tissue, and its plasma levels are elevated in obesity. Characteristics of obesity include impaired metabolic regulation and cardiovascular dysfunction, such as increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to the kidney and skeletal muscle vasculature. Resistin can affect energy homeostasis through central mechanisms that include reduced food intake and reduced thermogenesis, and can also increase lumbar SNA via a central action. The present study investigated: (i) the effect of centrally‐administered resistin on SNA targeting the kidney and (ii) the intracellular signalling pathways mediating the changes in SNA innervating the kidney and brown adipose tissue (BAT) induced by resistin. Intracerebroventricular resistin (7 μg) injected into overnight fasted, anaesthetised rats induced a significant increase in renal SNA by approximately 40%. This response was prevented when phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) was inhibited by i.c.v. administration of LY294002 (5 μg). Resistin reduced BAT SNA and this response was delayed by 150 min when extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 was inhibited by i.c.v. administration of U0126. The findings indicate that resistin increases renal SNA via PI3K and reduces BAT SNA via ERK1/2.
Changes in the Brain Accumulation of Glucocorticoids in abcb1a‐Deficient CF‐1 Mice
Authors: Mason B. L. , Pariante C. M. , Thomas S. A.
Published: June 2012

The multidrug resistance transporter, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), contributes to highly lipophilic molecules penetrating the brain from the blood at a much lower rate than expected, and has numerous substrates, inhibitors and modulators. The drug‐transporting isoform of P‐gp is coded by a single human gene, ABCB1, and shares 80% homology with the murine drug‐transporting isoforms, abcb1a and abcb1b, which share 92% homology with each other. Although these murine isoforms are highly similar, there are known affinity differences between the isoforms, and the localisation of the two isoforms in the brain is also disputed. Studies using mice genetically modified to be deficient in one or both isoforms of P‐gp have also resulted in conflicting data. The contribution of the abcb1a isoform, which is considered to contribute most to the central nervous system (CNS)‐protective role of P‐gp, is investigated in the present study using CF‐1‐abcb1a(−/−) mice and the well‐established brain/choroid plexus perfusion technique. Twenty‐minute in situ brain/choroid plexus perfusions in CF‐1‐abcb1a(−/−) mice indicated the increased accumulation of [3H]cortisol, [3H]corticosterone and [3H]dexamethasone in most of the brain regions examined compared to CF‐1‐abcb1a(+/+) mice. Taken together with our earlier published studies in abcb1a/b(−/−) mice, these data strongly suggest that the in vivo CNS accumulation of glucocorticoids obtained using single knockout strains [e.g. abcb1a(−/−)] cannot be directly compared with those obtained in double knockout strains [e.g. abcb1a/b(−/−)].