bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extending a Large-Scale Model to Better Represent Water Resources without Increasing the Model’s Complexity
Authors: Horan Robyn , Rickards Nathan J. , Kaelin Alexandra , Baron Helen E. , Thomas Thomas , Keller Virginie D. J. , Mishra Prabhas K. , Nema Manish K. , Muddu Sekhar , Garg Kaushal K. , Pathak Rishi , Houghton-Carr Helen A. , Dixon Harry , Jain Sharad K. , Rees Gwyn
Published: November 2021

The increasing impact of anthropogenic interference on river basins has facilitated the development of the representation of human influences in large-scale models. The representation of groundwater and large reservoirs have realised significant developments recently. Groundwater and reservoir representation in the Global Water Availability Assessment (GWAVA) model have been improved, critically, with a minimal increase in model complexity and data input requirements, in keeping with the model’s applicability to regions with low-data availability. The increased functionality was assessed in two highly anthropogenically influenced basins. A revised groundwater routine was incorporated into GWAVA, which is fundamentally driven by three input parameters, and improved the simulation of streamflow and baseflow in the headwater catchments such that low-flow model skill increased 33–67% in the Cauvery and 66–100% in the Narmada. The existing reservoir routine was extended and improved the simulation of streamflow in catchments downstream of major reservoirs, using two calibratable parameters. The model performance was improved between 15% and 30% in the Cauvery and 7–30% in the Narmada, with the daily reservoir releases in the Cauvery improving significantly between 26% and 164%. The improvement of the groundwater and reservoir routines in GWAVA proved successful in improving the model performance, and the inclusions allowed for improved traceability of simulated water balance components. This study illustrates that improvement in the representation of human–water interactions in large-scale models is possible, without excessively increasing the model complexity and input data requirements.
Biofilm and Related Amoebas in an UK Chlorinated Drinking Water System
Authors: Del Olmo Gonzalo , Malinowski Natalia , Puzon Geoffrey J. , Morgan Matthew J. , Calero Carolina , Douterelo Isabel
Published: November 2021

Drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can host pathogenic amoebae, but the role of biofilms in supporting the occurrence of these organisms needs to be fully explored in the UK systems. The presence of amoebae and associated bacteria in biofilms attached to inner pipe surfaces was studied in an experimental full-scale chlorinated distribution system in the UK. Quantitative polymerase change reaction (qPCR) was used to identify and quantify amoebae, whilst the bacterial communities in the biofilms were characterised by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Despite the maintenance of a chlorine residual in the network (free chlorine ≥ 0.24 mg/L), several species of amoebae belonging to the genera Acanthamoeba, Vermamoeba, and Naegleria were identified in 30-day-old biofilm samples; however, no amoebae were detected in the water samples analysed. The dominant bacterial communities present in the biofilm samples were Variovorax, Pseudomonas, and Aquabacterium. These results indicate that the biofilm samples contained potential pathogenic amoebae and bacteria, such as Acanthamoeba and Pseudomonas, respectively, which implies a potential public health risk if the biofilms are mobilised into the bulk water. Several of the amoebae identified in this study are able to support the presence of resistant bacteria that can remain viable within these prokaryotic organisms until they reach people’s taps. The identification of the microorganisms associated with the pathogenic amoeba species in biofilms could be used to improve the surveillance of DWDS in order to protect public health.
Proof-of-Concept of a Quasi-2D Water-Quality Modelling Approach to Simulate Transverse Mixing in Rivers
Authors: Sabokruhie Pouya , Akomeah Eric , Rosner Tammy , Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich
Published: November 2021

A quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) modelling approach is introduced to mimic transverse mixing of an inflow into a river from one of its banks, either an industrial outfall or a tributary. The concentrations of determinands in the inflow vary greatly from those in the river, leading to very long mixing lengths in the river downstream of the inflow location. Ideally, a two-dimensional (2D) model would be used on a small scale to capture the mixing of the two flow streams. However, for large-scale applications of several hundreds of kilometres of river length, such an approach demands too many computational resources and too much computational time, especially if the application will at some point require ensemble input from climate-change scenario data. However, a one-dimensional (1D) model with variables varying in the longitudinal flow direction but averaged across the cross-sections is too simple of an approach to capture the lateral mixing between different flow streams within the river. Hence, a quasi-2D method is proposed in which a simplified 1D solver is still applied but the discretisation of the model setup can be carried out in such a way as to enable a 2D representation of the model domain. The quasi-2D model setup also allows secondary channels and side lakes in floodplains to be incorporated into the discretisation. To show proof-of-concept, the approach has been tested on a stretch of the lower Athabasca River in Canada flowing through the oil sands region between Fort McMurray and Fort MacKay. A dye tracer and suspended sediments are the constituents modelled in this test case.
Improvement in the Sediment Management of a Lagoon Harbor: The Case of Marano Lagunare, Italy
Authors: Bosa Silvia , Petti Marco , Pascolo Sara
Published: November 2021

Port silting is a common and natural process which often causes serious inconveniences for safe navigation and requires expensive dredging operations to keep the port operative. Sediment deposition is closely related to the exchange water between the basin and the surrounding environment; one way to limit deposits is by reducing the flow entering the port. However, this may be in contrast with the need for adequate sediment quality, which in turn is closely related to an appropriate water current. This seems to be particularly important in lagoon environments, where sediments are often polluted, making its disposal more complicated and costly. The present paper investigates the situation of the port of Marano Lagunare (Italy) by means of a bidimensional morphological-hydrodynamic and spectral coupled model. To reduce the sediment input into the port, the closure of a secondary port entrance is usually suggested. However, this work demonstrates that a complete dredging of the secondary port inlet allows for an increase in water circulation or efficiency renewal, which ensures a better oxygenation at the bottom of the canals.
Mapping Tree Species Using Advanced Remote Sensing Technologies: A State-of-the-Art Review and Perspective
Authors: Pu Ruiliang
Published: November 2021

Timely and accurate information on tree species (TS) is crucial for developing strategies for sustainable management and conservation of artificial and natural forests. Over the last four decades, advances in remote sensing technologies have made TS classification possible. Since many studies on the topic have been conducted and their comprehensive results and novel findings have been published in the literature, it is necessary to conduct an updated review on the status, trends, potentials, and challenges and to recommend future directions. The review will provide an overview on various optical and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors; present and assess current various techniques/methods for, and a general trend of method development in, TS classification; and identify limitations and recommend future directions. In this review, several concluding remarks were made. They include the following: (1) A large group of studies on the topic were using high-resolution satellite, airborne multi-/hyperspectral imagery, and airborne LiDAR data. (2) A trend of “multiple” method development for the topic was observed. (3) Machine learning methods including deep learning models were demonstrated to be significant in improving TS classification accuracy. (4) Recently, unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) based sensors have caught the interest of researchers and practitioners for the topic-related research and applications. In addition, three future directions were recommended, including refining the three categories of “multiple” methods, developing novel data fusion algorithms or processing chains, and exploring new spectral unmixing algorithms to automatically extract and map TS spectral information from satellite hyperspectral data.
A Nonclassical Sagnac Interferometer Using Coherence de Broglie Waves
Authors: Ham Byoung S.
Published: November 2021

A Sagnac interferometer has been a powerful tool for gyroscope, spectroscopy, and navigation based on the Sagnac effects between counterpropagating twin fields in a closed loop, whose difference phase is caused by Einstein’s special relativity. Here, a nonclassical version of a Sagnac interferometer is presented using completely different physics of coherence de Broglie waves (CBW) in a cavity, where CBW is a nonclassical feature overcoming the standard quantum limit governed by classical physics.
Epidemiology of Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Hormozgan Province, Iran
Authors: Moayedi Ali Reza , Negahi Ahmadagha , Asadi Yousefabad Seyed Hossein , Saadat Seyed Hossein , Salari Mojtaba , Safari Reza , Ghaedi Hengami Ghasem
Published: November 2021

Background: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a syndrome that occurs with the sudden onset of paralysis in any part of the body of infants and children under 15 years old. This study investigated the epidemiology and causes of AFP in patients under 15 years of age admitted to hospitals in Hormozgan province during 2011-2018. Materials and Methods: After receiving the code of ethics, the information of the studied patients was collected by referring to the health center of Hormozgan province and reviewing their records. The corresponding data were gathered using a checklist that included the causes of paralysis, age, gender, place of residence, and involved organs and then analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Out of 121 patients, 58.7% were males. In addition, 69.4% and 21.5% of these patients were in the age groups of 0-5 and 5-10 years, and the remaining cases were in the age group of 10-15 years. In terms of accommodation, 19.8% and 14.9% of patients lived in Bandar Abbas and Minab, respectively. The highest incidence of the disease was 19% and 18.2% in 2013 and 2015, respectively. The most affected organ was 57% of both feet. The most common cause of AFP in this study was Guillain-Barre syndrome (37.2%), followed by transient synovitis (17.4%). Conclusion: Considering the high annual incidence of this disease compared to the standard of the World Health Organization, it is recommended to launch training and vaccination campaigns to reduce the incidence and eradicate this disease.
The Effect of Follow ups with Weekly Phone Calls on the Outcome and Quality of Life Among the Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Haghighi Anusheh , Dibadin Maryam , Farahani Alireza , Abbasi Mohammad Amin , Arabi Mohsen
Published: November 2021

Background: The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of weekly phone calls on treatment outcomes and quality of life among a group of Iranian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 60 patients aged 15-85 with RA were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group, in addition to a monthly assessment on a weekly basis, received a full 3-month follow-up telephone conversation in order to follow the correct and regular use of the drug and respond to the patients’ questions. The control group was only evaluated routinely. Finally, the severity of the disease activity (based on DAS-28) and the quality of life (based on the SF-12 questionnaire) were evaluated after three months. Results: After three months from the onset of intervention, a significant reduction was observed in the number of tender joints, mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and total score of DAS-28 in the intervention group compared to the control group. In addition, after three months of treatment, the quality of life for the intervention group improved significantly more than that of the control group. Conclusion: A weekly phone call with the patients suffering from RA with the purpose to guide the therapeutic process and respond to the patients’ questions could positively improve the severity of the disease along with the quality of life among the patients.
Effect of Aromatherapy with Lavender on Labor Pain: A Literature Review
Authors: Hatami Rad Razieh
Published: November 2021

Background: Controlling labor pains is now an essential part of midwifery care, and aromatherapy is a well-known medicinal treatment for easing labor pains. The aim of this research was to evaluate and analyze the most recent clinical trial results on the effects of lavender aromatherapy on labor pain management. Methods: Several keywords were searched in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, including lavender, Lavandula, childbirth, labor, pregnancy, labor pain, aromatherapy, and delivery. Two authors extracted the data, and the Cochran quality management tool was used to assess the consistency of each study. Results: In general, 7 studies were reviewed after checking the titles and abstracts of the studies and eliminating obsolete or low-quality studies. Two studies were conducted in Egypt and Indonesia, and five studies were conducted in Iran. There were a wide variety of qualities in the studies, which could render more quantitative synthesis impractical. Massage aromatherapy was employed in three trials, and inhalation was applied in four studies. All findings suggested that lavender aromatherapy in both methods could reduce active phase labor pain. Conclusion: Although the results of this study showed that lavender aromatherapy suppressed labor pain, more detailed randomized clinical trials with higher precision are needed to achieve an accurate outcome for data generalization regarding the use of labor pain management.
Acute progressive arterial thrombosis after coronary artery bypass graft in a COVID-19 patient
Authors: Beheshti Monfared Mahmoud , Ghaderi Hamid , Ansari Aval Zahra , Mirjafari Seyedeh Adeleh
Published: November 2021

The longer the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic takes, the greater the prothrombotic effects of the disease, which varies from venous thromboembolic events to limb arterial thrombosis and stroke. How we deal with the effects of the COVID-19 disease, is still unclear. In this study, researchers will report the clinical presentation, outcome and management of the patient with COVID-19 after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, which led to rapid progression of arterial thrombosis. The COVID-19 positive patient underwent emergency CABG, due to developed coronary artery disease. Despite receiving high-dose preoperative Plavix and heparin and also postoperative aspirin, the patient developed progressive thrombosis in both lower extremities 4 days after surgery. It then spread to bilateral iliac arteries, aorta, abdominal and renal artery. Femoral endarterectomy was performed two times for atheromatous plaque removal which was unsuccessful and the patient died few days later due to multi-organ failure. COVID-19 is a risk factor for arterial thrombosis with high mortality and morbidity rate. If thrombosis happens, the prognosis will be poor. Comprehensive treatments have to be started immediately after diagnosis. In patients undergoing surgery for extensive arterial thrombosis due to poor prognosis, not only surgical revascularization is needed but also thrombolysis treatments may be considered as off-label use. As the pandemic continues, new approaches and interventions may be applied.
The assessment of the correlation between sleep quality and irritable bowel syndrome among medical students
Authors: Maghsoudi Samin , Amra Babak , Teimouri Azam
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Remarkable high rates of functional gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in particular, is prevalent among medical students. On the other hand, nature of studying medicine leads to sleep disorders in this population. Increased innate immunity in the intestinal mucosa and lamina propria, particularly mast cells and monocytes along elevated numbers of T cells along with antibody production suggest a role for the adaptive immune response. Objectives: The current study aims to assess the prevalence and association between IBS and sleep quality in medical students. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 100 medical students to assess the correlation between sleep disorders and IBS. ROME IV criteria were utilized to determine the diagnosis of IBS and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep disorders. The students’ length of sleep, age, gender and residence were recorded. Results: According to ROME-IV criteria, 24 medical students, including 18 females (75%) were diagnosed with IBS. As measured by the PSQI, 66% of the students reported disturbed sleep quality. The mean length of sleep of the participants was 6.02 (±1.29 hours). The IBS incidence was not associated with age (P=0.56), gender (P=0.49) or residence (P=0.66). The logistic regression assessment revealed that impaired sleep quality was an independent risk factor for IBS diagnosis among the medical students (P<0.001, OR: 10, 95% CI: 4.3-23.3). Conclusion: Based on the current study, IBS was diagnosed in 24% of the medical students in Isfahan. The length of sleep was significantly associated with IBS; however, age and gender and also sleep quality did not have any significant association with it.
Prognostic utility of Ki-67 in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Almabrouk Naema Mohamed , El-Maraghy Maissa Nour-Eldin , Mohy  Eldin Badr Ahmed , Refaat Meckawy Ghada , Shakweer Marwa Mosaad
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Gastric carcinoma represents the third leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Most of cases are diagnosed at the time of tumor metastasis. There is a discrepancy in the results regarding the role of Ki-67 proliferation index as a prognostic factor in gastric carcinoma. Objectives: To assess the prognostic value of Ki-67 proliferation index and correlate Ki-67 expression with the overall survival (OS) in patients with gastric carcinoma. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included fifty cases collected randomly from archival paraffin blocks of gastric carcinoma. Cases were collected during the period from 2013 to 2018. Sections were prepared and the slides were immunohistochemically stained with Ki-67 antibody. Results: This study showed a statistically significant correlation between higher percentage of Ki-67 expression and cases with tumors located in the fundus and body of the stomach and with distant metastasis. Also a statistically significant correlation between higher mean of Ki-67 positive cell % and cases of adenocarcinoma with pT1 tumors and with loco-regional recurrence (P < 0.001, P=0.02). A higher percentage of Ki-67 expression was found in cases of adenocarcinoma grade III and cases with positive perineural invasion compared to other cases, yet the correlation was statistically insignificant. According to survival analysis, OS rate was 34.0% and the median OS time was 14.6 months. There was no statistically significant association between Ki-67 proliferation index and disease free survival (DFS) and OS. Conclusion: Ki-67 proliferation index can be used as a predictor for distant metastasis and loco-regional recurrence of gastric cancer.
Investigating the effect of captopril on reducing the severity of symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats
Authors: Golshani Marjan , Sanei Mohammad Hossein , Jabbari Maryam
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of captopril in reducing the symptoms of ARDS induced by oleic acid in experimental rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 14 Wistar male rats of 6-7 weeks weighing 200-250 g. In the first group, they received 1.25 mg/kg of captopril daily in glucose solution for one week, but the second group did not. After one week, these rats were anesthetized by 5% isoflurane respiration and oleic acid (0.1 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneal for ARDS induction. During the first 6 hours after starting ARDS, the rats were randomly selected and after anesthesia with ether and autopsy, they were cut and the lung histology was conducted. Results: Intensity of lung tissue edema in the group receiving captopril (Cap) was 2.83 ± 0.41 and in the captopril group with oleic acid (Cap+OA) was 2.50±0.55. Additionally, 83.3% of the rats had severe pulmonary edema in the OA group which was statistically significant (P=0.003). The "severity of inflammation and bleeding" in the OA+Cap group was significantly less than OA group (P=0.026). Conclusion: Captopril can play a significant role in reducing the damage of the lung tissue and severity of tissue edema and inflammation and bleeding. Therefore, it may be possible to use this drug in human samples with acute respiratory distress syndrome to prevent further damage.
Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and different subtypes of age-related cataract; a case-control study
Authors: Samadi Aidenloo Naser , Motarjemizadeh Qader , Moradi Nahriq Sanaz
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Age-related cataract (ARC) is the principal causes of low vision and also the most prevalent type of cataract among the elderly population, particularly women. Objectives: To evaluate the association between serum concentration of vitamin D and risk of different subtypes of senile cataract. Patients and Methods: A total of 200 controls and 1241 patients with newly recognized ARC attending the ophthalmology ward of a major teaching hospital in Urmia, Iran, were included in this investigation. All included subjects aged 40 to 85 years. Cataracts were classified as pure nuclear cataract (NC) (n=216), pure cortical cataract (CC) (n=336), pure posterior sub-capsular cataract (PSC) (n=140) and mixed cataracts (549). Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was obtained from blood samples. All participants were administered by a questionnaires to collect data on demographic variables and risk factors. Results: On multivariate analysis, a marked negative association (P < 0.05) was found between vitamin D serum levels and the risk of NC (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.09-0.75) or CC (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12-0.96) in females only. Other significant predictors of pure NC in women were higher education (OR = 0.51) and serum calcium levels (OR = 0.35). Apart from serum concentrations of vitamin D, postmenopausal status (OR = 2.26) was the other predisposing factor for pure cortical opacity in women. Conclusion: Our finding does not endorse a role for vitamin D in cataractogenesis among men. In women, however, serum levels of 25(OH)D were only inversely associated with the risk of NC and CC and not with PSC or mixed cataract. Providing sufficient vitamin D is possibly helpful in preventing senile cataract formation in females.
Prognostic implication of PD-L1 expression and associated tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Darwish Mohamed M , Riad Atef Y , Salem Dina A , Essa Ahmad E , Shakweer Marwa M , Sherif Diaa Eldin M.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: One of the most important regulators of immune response is the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its interaction with its ligand (PD-L1), which negatively influences the immune response. Objectives: This study aims to clarify PD-L1 expression levels and the associated tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with metastatic breast cancer, and to assess their influence on the prognosis of these patients and the association with clinico-pathologic criteria. Patients and Methods: PD-L1 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) while TILs count was assessed by histopathological examination of the hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained full tumor sections from 50 patients diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer at Ain Shams University hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Results: PD-L1 expression was demonstrated on TILs in 21 of 50 specimens, and on tumor cells in 13 of 50 specimens. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and ER-/Her2+ subtypes were significantly associated with TIL infiltration and PD-L1 expression (on TILs and tumor cells). High TIL infiltration was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) (P=0.0238 [HR 4.7, 95% CI: 1.22-18.11] and P=0.0262 [HR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.14-8.59] respectively). No correlation was found between PD-L1 expression (on tumor or TILs) and the survival of the patients (OS nor PFS). Conclusion: High TIL count infiltrating the breast tumor is associated with worse OS and PFS in patients with metastatic breast cancer. High PD-L1 expression correlated with high counts of TIL levels around the tumor. These findings have major clinical implications in using immune-checkpoint inhibitors in treating breast cancer patients.
Lung cancer risk and the inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme; an updated review on recent evidence
Authors: Khosravian Maryam , Momenzadeh Mahnaz , Koosha Farzad , Alimohammadi Niloufar , Kianpour Neda
Published: November 2021

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has a significant act in the pathology of blood pressure and cancer. One of the dominant sections of angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression generation in the human body is the capillary veins in the lung. Changes in the expression of RAAS were revealed to be included in several lung diseases. There are several studies on the anticancer effect of ACE inhibitors; however, Hicks and colleagues reported an augmented risk of 14% for advancing lung cancer for patients consuming ACE inhibitors against angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) administration. Several lines of evidence indicated that ARB users have a lower risk of tumor progression and metastasis and progression of lung cancer. This review has surveyed some studies about the study by Hicks et al with conflicting results. Some Hicks’s study limitations are summarized here such as genetic effects, comparative study, residual confounding factors such as smoking, detection bias owing to cough, and socio-economic status. It is suggested some natural alternatives to ACE Inhibitors in here.
Pathologic findings of renal biopsies in children; an 11-year experience from a single center in West of Iran
Authors: Momtaz Hossein Emad , Dehghan Arash , Fazeli Amir
Published: November 2021

Background: Renal biopsy is an important diagnostic procedure in pediatric nephrology. Although considered as an invasive method, numerous renal diseases cannot be definitively diagnosed and treated without it. Objectives: The aim of this study was histopathological study of renal biopsy results in children of 6 months to 18 years old. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the available data from children who had undergone kidney biopsy between 2007 and the end of 2017 were evaluated. Demographic data, indications of biopsy, the outcome of patients, biopsy complications and histopathologic findings were collected using a checklist. Finally, data were presented as frequency and percentages. Results: The most common cause of biopsy in children was nephrotic syndrome (43.7%). Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with 39 cases (32.7%) had the highest frequency in examined biopsies. In the long-term follow-up, 71 children (59.7%) cured, 7 (5.9%) died, 25 (21.0%) continued treatment, 6 (5.0%) underwent a kidney transplant surgery, and the outcome of 10 children (8.8%) was unknown. While 6.7% of patients were diagnosed with complications of biopsy, the most frequent of them was hematuria. There was no case of death or nephrectomy and only one patient needed packed RBC transfusion. Conclusion: Nephrotic syndrome was the most common indication for kidney biopsy. FSGS had the highest frequency in examined biopsies.
Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in the North of Iran
Authors: Kheirkhah Jalal , Ahmadnia Zahra , Salari Arsalan , Dadkhah Heidar , Modallalkar Seyedeh Shiva , Hasandokht Tolou
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Acute renal failure is a well-known complication in patients after cardiac surgery. Objectives: The determination of disease-causing factors with the aim of identifying patients at high-risk and implementing preventive care pre- and postoperatively to reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after cardiac surgery. Patients and Methods: The present cross-sectional research was carried out on 512 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 2015 and 2016 in our tertiary center. Demographic and laboratory data of patients were obtained using a checklist. AKI is defined as an increase of at least 0.3 mg/dL in creatinine (Cr) over 48 hours and one week after surgery according to acute kidney injury network (AKIN) and RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss of kidney function, and end-stage renal failure) criteria before surgery. All data were analyzed by SPSS version 1, and P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this study we found, AKI risk profiles including serum Cr level [OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.92 -12.48, P = 0.001], fasting blood glucose [OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.09 -1.92, P = 0.03] and hemoglobin (Hb) before surgery (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.08 -0.87, P = 0.04) were significantly associated with increased risk of acute renal injury (logistic regression analysis). Conclusion: The results indicated that changes in serum Cr level, fasting blood glucose and plasma Hb before cardiac surgery might be considered as the risk factors for AKI after cardiac surgery.
Blood pressure variability in diabetic patients with or without albuminuria
Authors: Davoudi Zahra , Salmanian Mashhadi Majid , Mokhtari Navid , Sheibani Mehdi
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Various studies considered albuminuria as one of the first asymptomatic paraclinical manifestation of the micro-vascular damages in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Hypertension (HTN) is common in type 2 DM, which has a correlation with the greater risks of cardiovascular morbidity and death. Objectives: The present research evaluated the relationship between blood pressure (BP) variability in diabetic patients who have or not albuminuria. Patients and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive research, we divided 90 type 2 diabetic patients into two groups of micro-albuminuric (urinary albumin excretion ≥30 mg/d and <300 mg/d) and the normo-albuminuric (urinary albumin excretion <30 mg/d) diabetic patients. We evaluated systolic and diastolic BP and 24-hour Holter monitor BP and heart rate, with respect to their albuminuric states and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) stages. Results: According to the findings, a considerably greater BMI (body mass index) and retinopathy was observed in microalbuminuric group in comparison with the normoalbuminuric group (P<0.05). Additionally, non-dipping pattern was greater in the microalbuminuric patients (P<0.05). In addition, patients were divided into dippers and non-dippers, the mean daytime and nighttime BP and heart rate were compared. Mean arterial BP (MAP) and nighttime BP and substantially in the subgroup of patients with GFR below 60 mL/min, systolic blood pressure (SBP) were considerably greater in the micro-albuminuric patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: In patients with diabetes, the existence of albuminuria is related to the increase in the incidence of non-dipping pattern compared with patients without albuminuria. According to high levels of SBP in albuminuric patients with low GFR, the pattern of HTN and then albuminuria and the subsequent reduction of renal function can be similar to that of type 1 DM patients. Moreover, 24-hour Holter monitoring and BP should be monitored closely in diabetic patients.
The effect of pelvic floor muscles training, bladder exercises and lifestyle modification on urinary incontinence in elderly men
Authors: Jafarizadeh Hossein , Maghsoudi Zahra , Namadi Farideh , Mohammadpour Yousef , Moradi Yaser
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is one of the causes of the dependence of the elderly on others and is one of the main reasons for sending the elderly to care centers. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of behavioral interventions program on urinary incontinence in the elderly. Patients and Methods: In this quasi-experimental clinical trial (without a control group), 30 elderly men with acute urinary incontinence were selected from elderly care centers in Urmia city using the available sampling method. The intervention included pelvic floor and bladder exercises and lifestyle modification training, individually. The standard ICIQ-SF questionnaire was completed before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed by paired t-test and Wilcoxon tests. Results: The findings showed a statistically significant difference between urinary leakage frequency (P= 0.002), urinary leakage rate (P=0.001) and the effect of urinary leakage on the quality of life (P < 0.001) of the subjects before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a combination of the pelvic floor and bladder exercises and lifestyle change are effective in decreasing urinary incontinence in elderly men. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT20180808040742N2; https://en.irct.ir/trial/43204, ethical code #IR.UMSU.REC.1391.31).
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a kidney transplant recipient; case report
Authors: Kurian Martin Thomas , Rabbani Syed Arman , Thomas Ajith Cherian , Javed Nadeem
Published: November 2021

Patients with kidney transplants are at greater risk of contracting COVID-19 because of long-term immunosuppression and may end up with severe disease with adverse outcome. The experiences of COVID-19 management in kidney transplant recipients are limited. This is a case of COVID-19 in a 45-year-old patient with a second renal transplant on triple immunosuppressive therapy who was successfully treated for COVID-19, septic shock, acute kidney injury and was discharged with a stable graft function. The patient presented with mild COVID-19 symptoms but later went into septic shock followed by acute kidney injury due to a secondary bacterial infection. The patient was successfully managed using antivirals, corticosteroids, reducing the dose of immunosuppressants initially, then discontinuing all the immunosuppressants in view of septic shock and finally reinstating the immunosuppression gradually on clinical improvement. This case report may serve as a reference for treating immunocompromised kidney transplant recipients having COVID-19. However, more data and experiences are needed for optimization of treatment of kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19.
Osmotic demyelination syndrome after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Yaghoubi Fatemeh , Babakhani Davood , Tavakoli Farnoosh , Tavakoli Farnaz
Published: November 2021

A 14-year-old boy with a past medical history of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was referred to the emergency department with the loss of consciousness and seizure. On admission, the blood test indicated strict hyponatremia with hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, hypoglycemia, and low-serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). After six days, the patient suffered from dysarthria, dysphagia, behavioral disturbances, disorientation, and obtundation. Based on the physical examination, hyperreflexia and upward bilateral plantar reflexes were outstanding. Lumbar puncture, spiral brain CT scan, and MRI were normal. Hence, MRI repeated 2 weeks later, and the T2-weighted image indicated the bilateral symmetric hyperintense lesions in the basal ganglia. The osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a scarce and serious neurologic complication of the quick correction of chronic strict hyponatremia.
FARKLI ÜLKE UYGULAMALARINDA YARGISAL EMİR
Authors: ERDİNÇ Burcu
Published: November 2021

Yargısal emir, Türk pozitif hukukunda yer almayan bir müessesedir. Ancak tanımlanması itibariyle Türk yargılama sisteminde yer alan birtakım yargı kararlarının yargısal emir niteliğinde olduğu savunulabilir. Mahkemenin idareye emir vermesi anlamına gelen yargısal emir müessesesi, İngiliz hukuku kökenlidir. Bugün itibariyle hem Anglosakson hukuk sisteminde hem de Kıta Avrupası hukuk sisteminde uygulanmaktadır. İngiltere, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Fransa, Almanya, İsveç, İtalya gibi pek çok ülkede var olan bir müessesedir. Türk hukuku bakımından tartışılması, yargı kararlarının uygulanmasını sağlayıcı rolü sebebiyledir. Doktrinde bu yönüyle ele alınmıştır. Çalışmamız, yargı kararlarının uygulanmasını sağlayıcı yönü dışında yargı kararlarının somutlaştırılması bakımından da yargısal emirin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Yargısal emir hem yargı kararlarının uygulanmamasını engelleyecek hem de yargı kararlarının somutlaşarak daha doğru uygulanmasını sağlayacaktır. Nihayetinde bu iki yönüyle birlikte yargısal emir hukuk devleti ilkesine hizmet edecektir. Çalışmamızda yargısal emrin farklı ülke örnekleri tanıtılacaktır. İngiltere, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Fransa ve İtalya ele alınacak ülkelerdir. Bu uygulamalar incelenerek yargısal emirin anlamı, uygulanma biçimleri ortaya konulacaktır. Böylece Türk hukuk uygulamasında bu tür bir müessesenin var olup olmadığı ile var olup olamayacağı konuları değerlendirilebilecektir.
Этеокл как мужской персонаж трагедии Эсхила Семеро против Фив
Authors: Можайский Андрей
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes the text of Aeschylus’s tragedy Seven against Thebes in the context of one of the main characters - Eteocles - as a male character. In the text of Aeschylus, Eteocles looks like a tough ruler who is endowed with certain masculine qualities. Moreover, through his words, the male character is sometimes expressed. This helps him save his hometown, but at the same time leads him to death. According to Eteocles, the men of Thebes in the face of the enemy must protect their Mother Earth with shields in their hands. In addition to identifying a warrior with a shield, Aeschylus, through the words of Eteocles, indicates that the place of the male protector is on the battlements and in the gates with towers. According to Aeschylus, Eteocles is the bravest master (king) of the Cadmeans. The use of the word ἄναξ in relation to Eteocles reflects the archaic nature of the story of Seven against Thebes. Eteocles as a male character is not just the bravest king of the Cadmeans, but he also pretends to be a wise ruler. According to Aeschylus, Eteocles is an almost exclusively positive male character, despite the fact that he indicates that evil has been done to Polyneices.
«А благородство моё во мне унывает…»: Какой из четырех Евгениев настоящий?
Authors: Довгий Ольга
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of four characters named Eugene (heroes of A. Kantemir’ satire, A.E. Izmailov’s novel, A. Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin and The Bronze Horseman), represents the initial stage in the evolution of the semantic halo of this name in Russian literature, through an onomastic prism. The study is based on a matrix that takes into account the interaction of components that make up the semantic core of the concept of "nobility": nobility of the family, adherence to external decorum, high moral qualities. The main point was to check in Russian literature for "true Eugene", possessing all the signs of nobility, genetic, external, internal. The answer turned out to be negative: the semantics of the loss of various components turns out to be a constitutional feature of the semantic halo of the name. Russian literature at the initial stage of the development of "Eugene's plot" was more likely to move away from the semantics of the name, fixing the absence of nobility in the "noble", differently approaching the description of this phenomenon. Four heroes were involved in a united plot of the evolution of the semantic halo of the name - processing from satire to tragedy.
Этика героя новелл Генриха фон Клейста (эволюция значений)
Authors: Иваницкий Александр
Published: November 2021

The key role of the ethics in the H. v. Kleist’s novellas comes from the providential character of the life’s unfolding. Having guessed it, the characters face the moral сhoice which needs to be implemented. The paradoxical uncovering of the providence as fate triggers the moral and behavioral “relay race” of characters, realizing the stages of this implementation. The historicism of the providence makes it to the dialectic of the world’s transformation with the help of the character, who had intuitively guessed this dialectics. Meanwhile, history as the social movement of the people makes moral / behavioral “relay race” of characters the stages of this movement.
Галерея мужских образов в рассказе А.К. Гольдебаева Галчонок
Authors: Морозова Ксения
Published: November 2021

The motif of the Apocalypse passes through all the works of the Samara writer A.K. Goldebaev (Semenov). But if in his early works he did not highlight the end of the world (It seems distant and therefore not so scary to the author), years later he realizes the seriousness of what is happening – death isapproaching. In the story The Young Jackdaw (In the Established Order), published in 1910 in the short story collection Knowledge, the writer starts a conversation about the fallen women. However, this topic is not the leading one, and the female characters are not central ones. In this article, the author attempts to reveal the true meaning of the work through the analysis of the system of male characters.
Мужские персонажи в творчестве Жака Превера и их языковая репрезентация
Authors: Кулагина Ольга
Published: November 2021

The article examines the main groups of male characters in the poetic texts of Jacques Prévert. In the process of analysis, three hypostases are distinguished: a father, a man in love / a beloved man, and a non-human being endowed with masculine features. For each of these categories, we consider the main linguistic means of their representation, first of all, at the level of stylistics and grammar.
Slávni muži – protagonisti próz Štefana Krčméryho (Zimná Legenda)
Authors: Tatár Jozef
Published: November 2021

Krčméry's Winter Legend is an expression of his relationship to the nation, to life (also to his own), to history and, above all, to literary history. The uncon-ventionality of the genre form (i.e. biographical prose - sketch) does not contradict the thought and empirical content. Although the author's approach to the fate of historical figures is realized mainly due to aesthetic contact with the reader, he also elevated this communication to a non-aggressive opposition to "revolt against historicism" among young artists, whose goal was the "negation of national existence". With the help of imagination, knowledge, contemporary knowledge, and the typical "it was said", it offers alive images of famous men (e.g. Svätopluk, King Matiáš, J. Silván, D. Krman, M. Bel, J. Hollý , J. Kollár, Ľ. Štúr, P.J. Šafárik, A. Sládkovič) and events (e.g. Prešov slaughterhouses from the second half of the 17th century, the Battle of Poltava, Slavonic Congress).
Коды «мужского» и «не-мужского» в художественном мире Morpho Eugenia А.С. Байетт
Authors: Попова-Бондаренко Ирина
Published: November 2021

Morpho Eugenia is the first part of the postmodernist novel Angels and Insects by A.S. Byatt. The male world is represented here in abundance by numerous names of famous naturalists, philosophers and poets of the XVII-XVIII centuries and of Victorian England, as well as by the male characters of the novel. It is pointed out that the concepts of “masculine” and “non-masculine” in the novel presuppose double reading, namely, the traditional (Victorian) and posttraditional one (neo-Victorian). In the neo-Victorian interpretation, most of the male characters in the novel are devoid of traditional masculine qualities (honor and dignity, commitment to the cause, inner strength), they bear a stigma of vice (incest), while the “male organization” features of the central female character, non-typical for a Victorian woman (talent, efficiency, perseverance, energy, self-reliance), contribute to the formation of an integral harmonious world of men and women as friends, lovers, like-minded people.
На фоне Центральной Европы: Преимущественно вежливый Леопольд в сети мужских персонажей романов Михала Вивега
Authors: Поспишил Иво
Published: November 2021

The author of the present study investigates the character of Leopold in the new novel by Michal Viewegh in the net of the characters of his preceding novels. In this novel, the writer does not discuss politics, the problem of men and women, husbands and wives, and the sexual promiscuity, but, above all, unstoppable aging and permanent support of the gradually waning sexuality. Leopold is a metaphor of anatomy and physiology of a Central European man who, in his own manner, has always aimed at searching new ways, at the beginning of new epochs, at the anticipation of new ideas and at the formation of new humans under the changed conditions. Viewegh – already in his quasipostmodernist poetics, and due to his extreme opinions and language and style inventions – belongs, covertly or openly, to the mighty stream of unclear, vague, ambivalent Central European literature.
Nevypovedané a nevidené. Mužské postavy z pohľadu personálneho rozprávača v prozaickom diele Juliana Barnesa
Authors: Szabóová Lucia
Published: November 2021

According to the theories of Wolf Schmid, Wolfgang Iser and Roman Ingarden, the presented paper follows the ways in which the reader is forced to reveal the logic of the story's selectivity in the reception process. Interest is mainly placed on different narrative gaps, the so-called places of indeterminacy, which trigger literary communication. Various theories of narrative gaps and text negations are demonstrated in Julian Barnes’s novel The Sense of an Ending (2011) depicting the story of four young men – old high-school friends – who have to deal with the death of their close one. The author chooses an interesting form of story composition and represents the literary text as a fraction which the reader concretizes and defines. This way the reader is able to decipher even those event components that are not explicitly present in the text and they call for different acts of reception.
Otcovia, milenci a kamionisti: mužské postavy v prozaickom svete Ivany Dobrakovovej
Authors: Bariaková Zuzana
Published: November 2021

The paper analyses the depiction of male characters in the select texts of the Slovak writer Ivana Dobrakovová. Although male protagonists are not rare in her prose, little attention is paid to them. This literary approach to their depiction is determined by the writer’s strong focus on the main female protagonists – the female characters make the majority in Dobrakovová’s short stories. However, men regularly appear as fathers or intimate partners of her female characters, and these relationships – ranging from informal to institutional – play a specific role in her works.
Básnický obraz Jána Motulka Motulko Ján: Za nekonečnom svitá I: V mimózach vietor. Zostavovateľ, autor štúdie a poznámok Jozef Brunclík, návrh konceptu Ján Gavura. Fintice: FACE, 2019
Authors: Tatár Jozef
Published: November 2021

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Ośrodek Badań Historii Kobiet w Białymstoku
Authors: Walęciuk-Dejneka Beata
Published: November 2021

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A modo de presentación
Authors: Viano Cristina
Published: November 2021

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