bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nuclear Pore Complex and Nuclear Transport
Authors: Zagairy Fadia , Fichtman Boris , Harel Amnon
Published: April 2015

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is an essential gateway between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm. The NPC is formed by multiple copies of ∼30 different proteins called nucleoporins, which can be divided into scaffold, membrane‐anchored and barrier components. Thousands of phenylalanine‐glycine (FG) repeats, found in barrier nucleoporins, interact to form the selective permeability barrier of the NPC channel. Shuttling nuclear transport receptors are able to interact with these FG repeats and mediate the passage of large macromolecular cargoes through the barrier. Combinations of shuttling receptors, their adaptors and localisation signals in cargo molecules define a wide array of nuclear import and export pathways. Recent research has pointed to some dynamic features in NPC components, as well as a number of nucleoporin‐related human diseases which are characterised by highly cell‐type‐specific phenotypes.

Key Concepts

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a massive and elaborate structure formed by multiple copies of ∼30 different nucleoporins.

The selective permeability barrier of the NPC is formed by hydrophobic interactions among FG repeats found in a large group of nucleoporins.

Ions and small molecules are able to passively diffuse through the aqueous central channel of the NPC.

Macromolecules transported through the NPC must contain specific targeting signals for nuclear import and nuclear export.

Targeting signals are recognised by shuttling transport receptors which mediate the passage through the NPC channel by interacting with FG repeats.

A small number of inherited diseases have been linked to mutations in human nucleoporins and are characterised by cell‐type‐specific phenotypes.
Functionalization of closo‐Borates via Iodonium Zwitterions
Authors: Kaszyński Piotr , Ringstrand Bryan
Published: April 2015

A simple method for the functionalization of closo‐borates [closo‐B10H10]2− (1), [closo‐1‐CB9H10]− (2), [closo‐B12H12]2− (3), [closo‐1‐CB11H12]− (4), and [3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H11)2]− (5) is described. Treatment of the anions and their derivatives with ArI(OAc)2 gave aryliodonium zwitterions, which were sufficiently stable for chromatographic purification. The reactions of these zwitterions with nucleophiles provided facile access to pyridinium, sulfonium, thiol, carbonitrile, acetoxy, and amino derivatives. The synthetic results are augmented by mechanistic considerations.
Dielectric features of two grades of bi‐oriented isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Kahouli Abdelkader , Gallot‐Lavallée Olivier , Rain Pacal , Lesaint Olivier , Guillermin Christophe , Lupin Jean‐Marc
Published: April 2015

The dielectric properties of two grades of bi‐oriented isotactic polypropylene were studied with a variety of techniques: breakdown field measurements, dielectric spectroscopy, thermally stimulated depolarization currents (Is), and direct‐current (dc) conduction I values. Standard polypropylene (STPP) and high‐crystallinity polypropylene (HCPP) films were investigated. Measurements were carried out over a wide temperature range (−150°C/+125°C). The breakdown fields in both materials showed a very small difference. On the other hand, the dielectric losses and dc conduction I values were significantly lower in HCPP. Both materials showed a decrease in the dielectric loss versus temperature in the range 20–90°C; this is favorable for application in alternating‐current power capacitors. The analysis of the dc I value allowed us to find evidence of two main conduction mechanisms: (1) below 80°C in both materials, a hopping mechanism due to the motion of electrons occurred in the amorphous phase, and (2) above 80°C, ionic conduction occurred in HCPP, and hopping conduction occurred in STPP. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42224.
Surfactant‐Free Synthesis of Plasmonic Tungsten Oxide Nanowires with Visible‐Light‐Enhanced Hydrogen Generation from Ammonia Borane
Authors: Lou Zaizhu , Gu Quan , Xu Lin , Liao Yusen , Xue Can
Published: April 2015

WO3−x nanowires were successfully synthesized through a simple surfactant‐free solvothermal method. These nanowires exhibit strong plasmonic absorption in the visible and near‐infrared region owing to the abundant oxygen vacancies. The plasmon excitation of these WO3−x nanowires provide five times enhancement on the hydrogen generation from ammonia borane.
Portal or superior mesenteric vein resection in pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma
Authors: Murakami Y , Satoi S , Motoi F , Sho M , Kawai M , Matsumoto I , Honda G ,   the Multicentre Study Group of Pancreatobiliary Surgery (MSG-PBS), Uemura K , Fukumoto T , Yamaue H , Kurata M , Akahori T , Yanagimoto H , Unno M
Published: April 2015

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the added value of portal or superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) resection during pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma.

Methods

A multicentre observational study was conducted in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy in seven Japanese hospitals between 2001 and 2012. Clinicopathological factors were compared between patients who did and did not undergo PV/SMV resection. Those with an impact on survival were identified by univariable and multivariable analysis.

Results

Of the 937 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, 435 (46·4 per cent) had PV/SMV resection, whereas the remaining 502 (53·6 per cent) did not. Some 71·5 and 63·9 per cent of patients with and without PV/SMV resection respectively had lymph node-positive disease. Patients who underwent PV/SMV resection had more advanced tumours. Perioperative mortality and morbidity rates did not differ between the two groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that PV/SMV resection was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0·268). Among the 435 patients in whom the PV/SMV was resected, borderline resectable tumours with arterial abutment (P = 0·021) and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0·001) were independent predictors of poor survival in multivariable analysis. Patients with resectable or borderline resectable tumours with PV/SMV involvement had a median survival time with additional adjuvant chemotherapy of 43·7 and 29·7 months respectively. Median survival time in patients with borderline resectable tumours with arterial abutment was 18·6 months despite adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Pancreatoduodenectomy with PV/SMV resection and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma may provide good survival without increased mortality and morbidity.
Quantification of taraxasterol in rat plasma by LC/MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zhang Nan , Pang Li. , Dong Ning , Xu Dahai , Xu Hong
Published: April 2015

Taraxasterol, a pentacyclic triterpene from Taraxacum officinale, is one of the main active constituents of the herb. This study developed and validated a highly selective and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of taraxasterol in rat plasma over the range of 9.0–5000 ng/mL. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5.0 µm) column with methanol–isopropanol–water–formic acid (80:10:10:0.1, v/v/v/v) as mobile phase with an isocratic elution. The flow rate was 0.7 mL/min. After adding cucurbitacin IIa as an internal standard (IS), liquid–liquid extraction was used for sample preparation using ethyl acetate. The atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source was applied and operated in positive ion mode. Selected reaction monitoring mode was used for the quantification of transition ions m/z 409.4 → 137.1 for taraxasterol and m/z 503.4 → 113.1 for IS. The mean recoveries of taraxasterol in rat plasma ranged from 85.3 to 87.2%. The matrix effects for taraxasterol were between 98.5 and 104.0%. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision were both <11.8%, and the accuracy of the method ranged from −7.0 to 12.9%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of taraxasterol after oral administration of 7.75, 15.5 and 31.0 mg/kg in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visible‐Light‐Induced CC Bond Cleavage of Enaminones for the Synthesis of 1,2‐Diketones and Quinoxalines in Sustainable Medium
Authors: Cao Shuo , Zhong Shanshan , Xin Luoting , Wan Jie‐Ping , Wen Chengping
Published: April 2015

The CC double bond cleavage of enaminones has been realized under ambient conditions through visible‐light catalysis in the presence of Rose Bengal, which leads to the synthesis of a class of 1,2‐diketones without using any metal catalyst. In addition, the one‐pot synthesis of quinoxalines has also been achieved under identical photocatalytic conditions by making use of the in situ generated 1,2‐diketones as intermediates.
Silver‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1‐Chloroalkynes Directly from Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Shi Dunfa , Liu Zhiwen , Zhang Ziyu , Shi Wei , Chen Hao
Published: April 2015

An efficient method to prepare 1‐chloroalkynes was investigated. The method involved the use of readily available terminal alkynes and a catalytic amount of a silver salt with N‐chlorosuccinimide as the chlorinating agent under mild conditions. Compared with the existing process, this method has a broad substrate scope: 19 examples were explored, and the products were obtained in excellent yields and were easily isolated by vacuum distillation. Moreover, recycling of the catalyst was achieved by simple filtration and desiccation, which made the method more economic and environmentally benign.
Examination of Eddy Current between Steel Sheets without Insulation and a Criterion for Determining the Necessity of Insulation
Authors: Akagi Akira , Takahashi Norio , Nakano Masanori , Doi Yuhito , Miyagi Daisuke
Published: April 2015

In the laminated core of transformers, motors, and so on, each electrical steel sheet is usually insulated in order to reduce the eddy current loss. It has been reported that insulation is not necessary in such a laminated core under some conditions. However, few studies have been performed in the form of a quantitative and systematic examination of the relationship between the insulation and eddy current. In this study, the eddy current losses of a core made of SPCC (cold rolled steel sheets) of different widths with and without insulation under various conditions are analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) and with the contact resistance taken into consideration. The equivalent circuit of a laminated core without insulation is presented, and can be used for determining the necessity of insulation. It is shown that the increase in the eddy current is affected by the ratio of the resistance of the steel to the contact resistance. An experimental investigation is also carried out.
Magnetic Circuit Model Considering Magnetic Hysteresis
Authors: Tanaka Hideaki , Nakamura Kenji , Ichinokura Osamu
Published: April 2015

Quantitative estimation of core loss considering magnetic hysteresis property is strongly required to develop high‐efficient electrical machines. This paper presents a novel magnetic circuit model considering magnetic hysteresis. In the proposed model, dc hysteresis loss is calculated by the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation, while classical and anomalous eddy current losses are calculated in the magnetic circuit. It is demonstrated that the hysteresis loop under PWM wave excitation can be expressed by the proposed model. The validity and effectiveness of the method are proved by comparing with measured values.
Analysis of Hourly Demand Data before and after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake
Authors: Chida Takuji , Saitoh Hiroumi , Toyoda Junichi
Published: April 2015

On March 11, 2011, the power system suffered heavy damage from the huge earthquake and tsunami in the Tohoku region. This paper describes the change of features included in the time series of open demand data for the disaster of 3/11/2011. The demand data are separated into three sections: one for the “predisaster” analysis from April 2008 to February 2011, the second for the “during‐disaster” survey from March to May 2011, and the last for the “postdisaster” analysis from June 2011 to March 2013. We distinguished the periodic components of daily, weekly, and seasonal fluctuation among the demand time series by applying a newly developed procedure, the quasi‐ideal moving average method. Some significant changes were observed in the statistics of the predisaster and postdisaster periodic component analysis. The change in temperature sensitivity was also surveyed by using open weather data for Sendai.
Reliable simultaneous zymographic method of characterization of cellulolytic enzymes from fungal cellulase complex
Authors: Dojnov Biljana , Grujić Marica , Vujčić Zoran
Published: April 2015

A method for zymographic detection of specific cellulases in a complex (endocellulase, exocellulase, and cellobiase) from crude fermentation extracts, after a single electrophoretic separation, is described in this paper. Cellulases were printed onto a membrane and, subsequently, substrate gel. Cellobiase isoforms were detected on the membrane using esculine as substrate, endocellulase isoforms on substrate gel with copolymerized carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), while exocellulase isoforms were detected in electrophoresis gel with 4‐methylumbelliferyl‐β‐d‐cellobioside (MUC). This can be a useful additional tool for monitoring and control of fungal cellulase production in industrial processes and fundamental research, screening for particular cellulase producers, or testing of new lignocellulose substrates.
A Highly Soluble Organic Catholyte for Non‐Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Kaur Aman Preet , Holubowitch Nicolas E. , Ergun Selin , Elliott Corrine F. , Odom Susan A.
Published: April 2015

A phenothiazine derivative with high solubility in carbonate solvents containing lithium salts showed extensive overcharge protection and, as a result, has been evaluated as a catholyte for non‐aqueous redox flow batteries. We report the testing of 3,7‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐N‐ethylphenothiazine as a catholyte and 2,3,6‐trimethylquinoxaline as the anolyte in redox flow batteries containing 0.05, 0.15, and 0.35 M active material and found the longest capacity retention over about 60 cycles at 0.15 M. To our knowledge, this is the most soluble catholyte candidate with a robust radical cation.
Clinical Course of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure syndrome and effects on prognosis
Authors: Gustot Thierry , Fernandez Javier , Garcia Elisabet , Morando Filippo , Caraceni Paolo , Alessandria Carlo , Laleman Wim , Trebicka Jonel , Elkrief Laure , Hopf Corinna , Solís‐Munoz Pablo , Saliba Faouzi , Zeuzem Stefan , Albillos Augustin , Benten Daniel , Montero‐Alvarez José Luis , Chivas Maria Teresa , Concepción Mar , Córdoba Juan , McCormick Aiden , Stauber Rudolf , Vogel Wolfgang , de Gottardi Andrea , Welzel Tania M. , Domenicali Marco , Risso Alessandro , Wendon Julia , Deulofeu Carme , Angeli Paolo , Durand François , Pavesi Marco , Gerbes Alexander , Jalan Rajiv , Moreau Richard , Ginés Pere , Bernardi Mauro , Arroyo Vicente ,   for the CANONIC Study Investigators of the EASL‐CLIF Consortium
Published: April 2015

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis, organ failure(s), and high 28‐day mortality. We investigated whether assessments of patients at specific time points predicted their need for liver transplantation (LT) or the potential futility of their care. We assessed clinical courses of 388 patients who had ACLF at enrollment, from February through September 2011, or during early (28‐day) follow‐up of the prospective multicenter European Chronic Liver Failure (CLIF) ACLF in Cirrhosis study. We assessed ACLF grades at different time points to define disease resolution, improvement, worsening, or steady or fluctuating course. ACLF resolved or improved in 49.2%, had a steady or fluctuating course in 30.4%, and worsened in 20.4%. The 28‐day transplant‐free mortality was low‐to‐moderate (6%‐18%) in patients with nonsevere early course (final no ACLF or ACLF‐1) and high‐to‐very high (42%‐92%) in those with severe early course (final ACLF‐2 or ‐3) independently of initial grades. Independent predictors of course severity were CLIF Consortium ACLF score (CLIF‐C ACLFs) and presence of liver failure (total bilirubin ≥12 mg/dL) at ACLF diagnosis. Eighty‐one percent had their final ACLF grade at 1 week, resulting in accurate prediction of short‐ (28‐day) and mid‐term (90‐day) mortality by ACLF grade at 3‐7 days. Among patients that underwent early LT, 75% survived for at least 1 year. Among patients with ≥4 organ failures, or CLIF‐C ACLFs >64 at days 3‐7 days, and did not undergo LT, mortality was 100% by 28 days. Conclusions: Assessment of ACLF patients at 3‐7 days of the syndrome provides a tool to define the emergency of LT and a rational basis for intensive care discontinuation owing to futility. (Hepatology 2015;62:243‐252)
Whither Organic Synthesis?
Authors: Taber Douglass F.
Published: April 2015

An overview of the development of modern organic synthesis is given. Key researchers and their work are highlighted with a focus on the development of analytical and synthetic techniques currently in use.
MicroRNA‐494 sensitizes colon cancer cells to fluorouracil through regulation of DPYD
Authors: Chai Jie , Dong Wei , Xie Chao , Wang Lin , Han Da‐Li , Wang Shan , Guo Hong‐Liang , Zhang Zong‐Li
Published: April 2015

Chemoresistance of colon cancer cells to the chemotherapeutics is still a main obstacle in treatment of this malignancy. The microRNA (miRNA) mediated chemosensitivity regulation in colon cancer cells is still largely unknown. Here we constructed a fluorouracil (5‐Fu) resistant SW480 cell line (SW480/5‐Fu) and discovered that miRNA miR‐494 was down‐regulated in the drug resistant cells compared with the parental cells. miR‐494 level was found to be correlated with 5‐Fu sensitivity in colon cancer cells, and artificial alteration of miR‐494 affects the sensitivity of colon cancer cell lines to 5‐Fu. miR‐494 also promoted apoptosis of colon cancer cells at present of 5‐Fu. Importantly, as a regulatory enzyme in the 5‐Fu catabolic pathway, DPYD was confirmed to be a direct target of miR‐494 through the interaction of miR‐494 and its binding site within DPYD 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). miR‐494 also negatively regulated endogenous DPYD expression in SW480 cells. Overexpression or knockdown of DPYD could attenuate miR‐494 mediated 5‐Fu sensitivity regulation, suggesting the dependence of DPYD regulation in miR‐494 activity. miR‐494 inhibited SW480/5‐Fu derived xenograft tumors growth in vivo at present of 5‐Fu. Thus, we concluded that in colon cancer cells, tumor suppressor miR‐494 enhanced 5‐Fu sensitivity via regulation of DPYD expression. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(3):191–201, 2015
PGC‐1α regulates the expression and activity of IRF‐1
Authors: Lu Huading , Zhu Lei , Lian Liyi , Chen Mingwei , Shi Dehai , Wang Kun
Published: April 2015

Interferon regulatory transcription factor 1 (IRF‐1) regulates downstream signals of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α). The activity of IRF‐1 is mediated by Jak/Stat signaling pathway. In this study, we found that PPAR γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) is able to suppress the induction of IRF‐1. Treatment with TNF‐α in MC3T3 cells leads to a sustainable increase in the expression of IRF‐1 and its target gene cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2). In contrast, TNF‐α treatment led to a sustainable reduction in expression of PGC‐1α. Interestingly, we found that overexpression of PGC‐1α attenuated the induction of IRF‐1 and COX‐2. However, silence of PGC‐1α exacerbated the induction of IRF‐1 and COX‐2. Importantly, we found that the effect of PGC‐1α on repressing IRF‐1 expression and activity is facilitated by the reduction in phosphorylation of STAT1 at position 727 (S727P), an essential transcriptional activator of IRF‐1. Finally, we found that calyculin A, a pharmacological inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and PP1 abolishes the repression of STAT1 phosphorylation mediated by PGC‐1α, suggesting a new mechanism of PGC‐1α in regulating STAT1/IRF‐1 pathway. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(4):300–305, 2015
Effect of multiple intravenous doses of lanicemine (AZD6765) on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in healthy subjects
Authors: Bui Khanh H. , Zhou Diansong , Agbo Felix , Guo Jian
Published: April 2015

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate safety and tolerability as well as the effects of multiple doses of lanicemine on the pharmacokinetics of a CYP3A substrate, midazolam. A total of 46 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the open‐label, fixed‐sequence, nonrandomized study. All volunteers received an oral dose of 5 mg of midazolam alone or after 6 days of 150 mg daily intravenous infusion of lanicemine. Lanicemine reached a plasma Cmax of 1.51 μg/mL after 150 mg daily dosing to steady state. The geometric mean CL, Vss, and t1/2 of lanicemine were 8.1 L/h, 122.0 L, and 10.4 hours, respectively. The geometric least‐squares mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals for midazolam AUC0–∞, and Cmax were within the 80% to 125% limits when lanicemine plus midazolam treatment was compared with midazolam alone, demonstrating that daily dosing with 150 mg of lanicemine for 6 days had no effect on CYP3A activity. Comprehensive physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling using in vitro and in silico findings also indicated lanicemine would have little impact on the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A substrate, such as midazolam. In addition, lanicemine and midazolam administered alone or in combination were generally safe and well tolerated.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of 1,3‐Thiazole Derivatives Incorporating Adamantanyl Moiety
Authors: Łączkowski K. Z. , Misiura K. , Biernasiuk A. , Malm A. , Paneth A. , Plech T.
Published: April 2015

Synthesis, characterization and investigation of antimicrobial activity of 11 novel adamantanyl‐thiazoles are presented. Their structures were determined using 1H and 13C NMR, EI(+)‐MS, HRMS, and elemental analyses. Among the derivatives, compound 3c showed very strong activity, especially against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 1.95 to 7.81 µg/ml. Compounds 3a and 3b showed good antifungal activity. Among the examined compounds, the widest spectrum of antibacterial activity possessed 3f that showed good activity, especially against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 with MIC values ranging from 31.25 to 62.5 µg/ml. Molecular docking studies of all compounds on the active sites of microbial enzymes indicated possible targets sterol 14α‐demethylase, secreted aspartic proteinase (SAP), N‐myristoyltransferase (NMT), and topoisomerase II. Thiazoles 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3i, 3j, 3k showed more favorable affinity to SAP and NMT than the native ligand.
Polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma of the head and neck: A population‐based study of 460 cases
Authors: Patel Tapan D. , Vazquez Alejandro , Marchiano Emily , Park Richard Chan , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: April 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

Polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the minor salivary glands. This study analyzes the demographic, clinicopathologic, incidence, and survival characteristics of head and neck PLGA (HN‐PLGA).

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for HN‐PLGA cases from 2001 to 2011 (460 cases). Data analyzed included patient demographics, incidence trends, and survival outcomes.

Results

Head and neck PLGA occurred most frequently in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Mean age at diagnosis was 61.3 (± 15.0) years. There was a female predilection with a female‐to‐male ratio of 2.15:1. There was a predilection toward blacks among the US population, with black‐to‐white incidence rate ratio of 2.33:1. The most common site of HN‐PLGA was the palate (57.2%), followed by the lip (7.0%). Average tumor size was 2.1 (± 1.3) cm at presentation. The majority of cases were localized at the time of presentation (70.5%), with rare distant metastasis (4.3%). The most common treatment modality was surgery alone (77.9%), followed by surgery with radiotherapy (19.5%). Elective neck dissection was performed in 5.3% of the cases. Survival analysis showed excellent 10‐year disease‐specific (96.4%) and relative (94.7%) survival rates. Ten‐year disease‐specific survival was better among those treated with surgery alone (98.0%) or surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (90.9%) than those treated with radiotherapy alone (75.0%) (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

This study represents the largest cohort of HN‐PLGA cases. Head and neck PLGA shows a predilection for women and blacks in the US population. It has an excellent survival outcome with surgery being the treatment of choice.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 125:1644–1649, 2015
Biaxial monogenic functions from Funk‐Hecke's formula combined with Fueter's theorem
Authors: Peña Peña Dixan , Sommen Frank
Published: April 2015

Funk‐Hecke's formula allows a passage from plane waves to radially invariant functions. It may be adapted to transform axial monogenics into biaxial monogenics that are monogenic functions invariant under the product group SO(p)× SO(q). Fueter's theorem transforms holomorphic functions in the plane into axial monogenics, so that by combining both results, we obtain a method to construct biaxial monogenics from holomorphic functions.
Self‐reflection necessary to ensure your programs' vitality
Authors: Gomez Cynthia
Published: April 2015

Higher education is evolving rapidly in myriad ways. Its evolution is being fueled in part by changing mindsets, workforce and business needs, advances in technology, and shifting demographics.
How would you assist a student who is considering dropping out for financial reasons?
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: April 2015

You have learned that one of your unit's adult students is considering dropping out of school. His aging parents can no longer help financially, he wants to help his own children with their educations, and his car needs repairs he can't afford. He is only one year from graduation and is a good student. You would like him to find a way to complete his degree. What would you do?
Good leadership is an art
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: April 2015

Recently I attended a national conference on enrollment management, marketing and retention. While there I visited The Art Institute of Chicago. Walking through the museum, I began to notice a theme about the artwork. It kept reminding me of principles of leadership.
Engage campus in strategic planning with a focus on students
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: April 2015

At one time, officials at Johnson County Community College, which enrolls many adult learners, could take an “If we build it, they will come” approach to recruitment. In fact, the college didn't have a recruiter until 2007, said Paul Kyle, the dean of student services and success. But officials realized recruiting was necessary. And they needed to do a better job retaining students.
The Impact of Culture on the Efficacy and Fairness of Whistleblowing: A Contrast Between Brazil and the United States
Authors: Behrens Alfredo
Published: April 2015

The possibility of denouncing malpractice at corporations listed on the US stock exchange is a relatively recent requirement as promoted by the US Sarbanes‐Oxley 2002 Act. This organizational alert mechanism acts as a tool for fostering the exercise of control within a structured entity. However, a study in Brazil revealed that the anonymous whistleblowing mechanisms were occasionally utilized for maligning someone when use of the instruments was significantly restrained. This article examines the critical decisions made by the top‐level executives (headquarters) to effectively control subsidiaries and particularly with regard to hotlines that allow whistleblowing and its overall impact on organizational climate using Brazil as a case study. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photographs and “Truth” during the Northern Ireland Troubles, 1969–72
Authors: Hanna Erika
Published: April 2015

This article explores how photographs were used as evidence during the early Northern Ireland Troubles. In particular, it focuses on the collection and use of images at the Scarman Tribunal, which investigated the disturbances of the summer of 1969, and the Widgery Tribunal, which sought to ascertain the sequence of events surrounding Bloody Sunday. Through close readings of how photographs were used at these two tribunals, the article shows how the existence of certain photographs served to anchor discussions of trajectories of violence around certain places and moments, illustrates how photographs taken for publication in newspapers were reread as evidential documents, and indicates the range of plausible truths each photograph was understood to provide. The study shows the importance of exploring the processes and mechanisms through which the state made sense of Northern Ireland to understand how causal accounts of conflict were produced and authenticated—and how, in turn, those explanatory regimes shaped the policies of the British state and the responses of local communities, and became embedded in historical writing on the Troubles.
A Short History of the Norwegian Oil Industry: From Protected National Champions to Internationally Competitive Multinationals
Authors: Ryggvik Helge
Published: April 2015

This study explores how Norway, as a latecomer to oil production, was able to develop both effective oil companies and an internationally competitive oil service industry. The article focuses on two rather distinct phases: the protectionist phase, in which a strong focus on local content fostered skilled Norwegian oil companies as well as a national oil service industry, and the phase of liberalization or financialization, where new forms of contact and openness to foreign ownership laid the basis for internationally oriented Norwegian oil companies and oil supply and service firms.
Building the “World's Pharmacy”: The Rise of the German Pharmaceutical Industry, 1871–1914
Authors: Cramer Tobias
Published: April 2015

The German pharmaceutical industry dominated global drug creation from the late nineteenth century to World War I. Most of the industry's products were based on extensive scientific research. However, the research intensity of products varied across companies and intensified over time. A main contribution of this article is thus to identify different groups of firms within the industry and provide an analysis of their product portfolios before 1914. This essay embeds scientific developments in a coevolutionary framework of science, firms, and institutions and shows that the industry's research capabilities were complemented by other important factors for corporate success.
EC–Seal Products: Seals and Sensibilities (TBT Aspects of the Panel and Appellate Body Reports)
Authors: LEVY PHILIP I. , REGAN DONALD H.
Published: April 2015

TheEC–Seal Productscase stemmed from complaints by Canada and Norway against European Union regulations that effectively banned the importation and marketing of seal products from those countries. The EU said it had responded to European moral outrage at the killing of seals. Canada and Norway challenged the regime under various provisions of the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement and the GATT. This article considers TBT aspects of the Panel and Appellate Body decisions. It discusses issues such as whether there is any bright line to be drawn between legitimate and illegitimate purposes in regulation, the proper legal meaning of a ‘technical regulation’, and the interpretation of TBT 2.1.
Arabidopsis FHY3/CPD45 regulates far-red light signaling and chloroplast division in parallel
Authors: Chang Ning , Gao Yuefang , Zhao Lin , Liu Xiaomin , Gao Hongbo
Published: April 2015

CPD45 (chloroplast division45),which is also known as FHY3 (far-red elongated hypocotyl3), is a key factor in the far-red light signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. We previously showed that FHY3/CPD45 also regulates chloroplast division. Because light is also a regulator of chloroplast development and division, we sought to clarify the relationship between far-red light signaling and chloroplast division pathways. We found that the chloroplast division mutant arc5-3 had no defect in far-red light sensing and that constitutive overexpression of ARC5 rescued the chloroplast division defect, but not the defect in far-red light signaling, of cpd45. fhy1, which is defective in far-red light signaling, exhibited normal chloroplast division. Constitutive overexpression of FHY1 rescued the far-red light signaling defect, but not the chloroplast division defect, of cpd45. Moreover, ARC5 and FHY1 expression were not affected in fhy1 and arc5-3, respectively. Based on these results, we propose that FHY3/CPD45 regulates far-red light signaling and chloroplast division in parallel by activating the expression of FHY1 and ARC5 independently. This work demonstrates how relationships between different pathways in a gene regulatory network can be explored.
Fluorinated graphene dielectric films obtained from functionalized graphene suspension: preparation and properties
Authors: Nebogatikova N. A. , Antonova I. V. , Prinz V. Ya. , Kurkina I. I. , Vdovin V. I. , Aleksandrov G. N. , Timofeev V. B. , Smagulova S. A. , Zakirov E. R. , Kesler V. G.
Published: April 2015

The fluorinated graphene suspension films were found to have excellent characteristics and be cheap, practically feasible and easy to produce.
Coherent resonance of quantum plasmons in the graphene–gold cluster hybrid system
Authors: Zhang Kaibiao , Zhang Hong , Li Chikang
Published: April 2015

Noble metal nanoparticles can modify the optical properties of graphene.
Triple phase boundary induced self-catalyzed growth of Ge–graphite core–shell nanowires: field electron emission and surface wettability
Authors: Sun Yong , Cui Hao , Gong Li , Wang Jing , Wang Chengxin
Published: April 2015

Ge–graphite core–shell nanowires with good field electron emission capability and surface superhydrophobicity were synthesized by triple phase boundary-induced self-catalyzed growth.
DNA sensor's selectivity enhancement and protection from contaminating nucleases due to a hydrated ionic liquid
Authors: Tateishi-Karimata Hisae , Pramanik Smritimoy , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: April 2015

Mismatched base pairs were significantly destabilized in the hydrated ionic liquid (IL) relative to those in aqueous buffer. The molecular beacon that forms a triplex with a conserved HIV-1 sequence specifically detected the target duplex with 10,000-fold sequence selectivity in IL. Moreover, the molecular beacon was protected from a contaminating nuclease in IL.
A magnetically tuneable piezoresistive sensor for direct, in situ strain measurements in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Kaule J. Matthew , Hoffman Lance R. , Mukaibo Hitomi
Published: April 2015

Strain from Li-alloying anodes in operando is directly detected using generic battery components as a piezoresistive sensor. Magnetic-field alignment effectively enhances the sensitivity of this sensor.
Solvent effects in solvo-hydrothermal synthesis of uranyl ion complexes with 1,3-adamantanediacetate
Authors: Thuéry Pierre , Harrowfield Jack
Published: April 2015

Uranyl ion complexes with 1,3-adamantanediacetate display different topologies arising from variations in coordination mode and the presence of additional ligands.
Lanthanide coordination frameworks constructed from 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate, oxalate and 1,10-phenanthroline: crystal structure, multicolor luminescence and high-efficiency white light emission
Authors: Huo Rui , Li Xia , Ma Dou
Published: April 2015

3D frameworks were constructed from tetrameric Ln4 as SBUs by 1,3-BDC and ox. The Yb:Tb:Eu doped complex reveals significant multicolor luminescence. High-efficiency white light emission was achieved.
Genericity of confined chemical garden patterns with regard to changes in the reactants
Authors: Haudin Florence , Brasiliense V. , Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Brau Fabian , De Wit A.
Published: April 2015

Typical patterns emerging during the growth of chemical gardens in a confined geometry when the concentration of the reactants are changed. These patterns are robust to changes in the reactant ions.
The general base in the thymidylate synthase catalyzed proton abstraction
Authors: Ghosh Ananda K. , Islam Zahidul , Krueger Jonathan , Abeysinghe Thelma , Kohen Amnon
Published: April 2015

The temperature dependence of intrinsic KIE studies reveal Y94 as a component of the general base facilitating proton abstraction step.
Pt-functionalized Fe2O3photoanodes for solar water splitting: the role of hematite nano-organization and the platinum redox state
Authors: Warwick M. E. A. , Barreca D. , Bontempi E. , Carraro G. , Gasparotto A. , Maccato C. , Kaunisto K. , Ruoko T.-P. , Lemmetyinen H. , Sada C. , Gönüllü Y. , Mathur S.
Published: April 2015

Pt/α-Fe2O3nanocomposite photoanodes for solar water splitting are synthesized and deeply investigated to unravel the role of hematite nano-organization and the platinum redox state in photoelectrochemical performances.
Synthesis, structural studies, kinetic stability, and oxidation catalysis of the late first row transition metal complexes of 4,10-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazabicyclo[6.5.2]pentadecane
Authors: Matz Dallas L. , Jones Donald G. , Roewe Kimberly D. , Gorbet Michael-Joseph , Zhang Zhan , Chen Zhuqi , Prior Timothy J. , Archibald Stephen J. , Yin Guochuan , Hubin Timothy J.
Published: April 2015

Fe/Mn complexes of ethylene cross-bridged homocyclen catalyze oxygen atom transfer and hydrogen abstraction.
Heterometallic complexes with cube-type [MTi3N4] cores containing Group 10 metals in a variety of oxidation states
Authors: Martínez-Espada Noelia , Mena Miguel , Pérez-Redondo Adrián , Varela-Izquierdo Víctor , Yélamos Carlos
Published: April 2015

The metalloligand [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-NH)}3(μ3-N)] is capable of stabilizing Group 10 metals in the oxidation states 0,iioriv.
A new class of antimicrobial biosurfactants: quaternary ammonium sophorolipids
Authors: Delbeke E. I. P. , Roman B. I. , Marin G. B. , Van Geem K. M. , Stevens C. V.
Published: April 2015

A new class of sophorolipid quaternary ammonium salts with promising antimicrobial activities was developed starting from microbially produced sophorolipids.
Proteomic analysis of the cytotoxic effects induced by the organogold(iii) complex Aubipycin cisplatin-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells: further evidence for the glycolytic pathway implication
Authors: Gamberi Tania , Magherini Francesca , Fiaschi Tania , Landini Ida , Massai Lara , Valocchia Elisa , Bianchi Laura , Bini Luca , Gabbiani Chiara , Nobili Stefania , Mini Enrico , Messori Luigi , Modesti Alessandra
Published: April 2015

The cytotoxic mechanisms of the organogold(iii) Aubipyc.
A novel example of double reactivity by either photochemical [2+2] or thermal additions of an ionic organic supramolecular assembly
Authors: Briceño Alexander , Leal Dayana , Díaz de Delgado Graciela
Published: April 2015

An example of double reactivity in the solid state was achieved from an ionic array directed by charge-assisted hydrogen bonds.
Binaphthyl-1,2,3-triazole peptidomimetics with activity against Clostridium difficile and other pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Wales Steven M. , Hammer Katherine A. , King Amy M. , Tague Andrew J. , Lyras Dena , Riley Thomas V. , Keller Paul A. , Pyne Stephen G.
Published: April 2015

Designed binaphthyl-based, cationic peptidomimetic antimicrobials targetingC. difficile, incorporating a click-derived 1,2,3-triazole ester isostere at the C-terminus MICs of 4 μg mL−1against three human isolates ofC. difficile.
Modeling lipid raft domains containing a mono-unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine species
Authors: Ferraro M. , Masetti M. , Recanatini M. , Cavalli A. , Bottegoni G.
Published: April 2015

An advanced coarse-grained model for “atypical” lipid rafts was built and validated to be employed in studies of membrane-protein interactions.
Amylosucrase-mediated synthesis and self-assembly of amylose magnetic microparticles
Authors: Lim Min-Cheol , Lee Gwan-Hyung , Ngoc Huynh Duyen Thi , Morales Letona Carlos Andres , Seo Dong-Ho , Park Cheon-Seok , Kim Young-Rok
Published: April 2015

Magnetic separation and purification of MBP-tagged protein using AMB.
Perlite: an inexpensive natural support for heterogenization of HBF4
Authors: Kolvari Eskandar , Koukabi Nadiya , Hosseini Maliheh M. , Khandani Zeinab
Published: April 2015

Nano-perlite-fluoroboric acid (n-PeFBA) has been synthesized by immobilization of HBF4 on perlite as a natural and cheap support to produce an efficient green heterogeneous reusable solid acid catalyst.
Mn(OAc)3-mediated arylation–lactonization of alkenoic acids: synthesis of γ,γ-disubstituted butyrolactones
Authors: Gao Yuzhen , Xu Jian , Zhang Pengbo , Fang Hua , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: April 2015

A general method for the synthesis of γ,γ-disubstituted butyrolactones via an arylation–lactonization of alkenoic acids process has been developed.
Synthesis of novel benzoxaborinin-4-ones and its application in indolin-2-ones synthesis using a Suzuki–Miyaura reaction protocol
Authors: Murugan Kannan , Chinnapattu Murugan , Nawaz Khan Fazlur-Rahman , Iyer Pravin S.
Published: April 2015

Novel benzoxaborinin-4-ones have been synthesized from substituted isatins and 2-acetyl phenylboronic acid. We have also demonstrated its application in the regioselective synthesis of (Z) indolin-2-ones using Suzuki–Miyaura reaction.
Flexible cathodes and multifunctional interlayers based on carbonized bacterial cellulose for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Huang Yang , Zheng Mingbo , Lin Zixia , Zhao Bin , Zhang Songtao , Yang Jiazhi , Zhu Chunlin , Zhang Heng , Sun Dongping , Shi Yi
Published: April 2015

CBC is applied as a framework for sulfur and an interlayer in Li–S batteries. The interlayer could prevent sulfur over-aggregation on the cathode.
Glycoprotein recognition by water-compatible core–shell polymeric submicron particles
Authors: Qu Yanyan , Liu Jianxi , Yang Kaiguang , Wu Qi , Shan Yichu , Zhang Lihua , Liang Zhen , Zhang Yukui
Published: April 2015

Boronate core–shell polymeric particles for capturing and releasing glycoproteins are obtained using a one-pot multistep polymerization strategy with enhanced recognition affinity.
Substrate independent coating formation and anti-biofouling performance improvement of mussel inspired polydopamine
Authors: Dang Yuan , Xing Cheng-Mei , Quan Miao , Wang Yan-Bing , Zhang Shi-Ping , Shi Su-Qing , Gong Yong-Kuan
Published: April 2015

Anti-biofouling performance of mussel inspired polydopamine coating can be improved significantly by simple coordination, oxidation, heating or grafting treatment.
Die Gefäßmedizin braucht mehr Evidenz: Aktuelle Ergebnisse und Metaanalysen zur Behandlung des diabetischen Fußes
Authors: Torsello G. , Debus S. , Meyer F. , Grundmann R.
Published: April 2015

Hintergrund: In dieser Übersicht soll zu aktuellen Ergebnissen klinischer Studien und Metaanalysen der Literatur bei Behandlung des diabetischen Fußes Stellung genommen werden. Methodik: Für die Literaturübersicht wurde die Datenbank MEDLINE (PubMed) unter den Schlüsselwörtern „diabetic foot“ durchsucht. Abgefragt wurden die Veröffentlichungen der letzten 3 Jahre (2012–2014). Ergebnisse: Für Patienten mit diabetischem Fuß kommen sowohl endovaskuläre (ER) als auch offene (OR) Revaskularisationen infrage, evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen, welchem Verfahren der Vorzug zu geben ist, sind nicht möglich. Die Registererhebungen zeigen aber, dass mittlerweile ER mengenmäßig deutlich bevorzugt wird. Zu prüfen ist das Angiosom-Konzept in diesen Situationen. Für die lokale Behandlung des Ulkus stehen eine Vielzahl von Wundauflagen zur Verfügung, die Evidenz ihrer Empfehlungen ist gering. Bei Versorgung eines Ulkus können folglich die Kosten und das Exsudatmanagement den Therapieentscheid wesentlich beeinflussen. Mit Bezug auf die Heilungsrate bieten teure Verbände keine Vorteile im Vergleich zu preiswerteren Basisabdeckungen. Zur Entlastung plantarer diabetischer Ulzera sind nicht entfernbare Vorrichtungen gleich welchen Typs abnehmbaren Vorrichtungen überlegen, wahrscheinlich weil die Patientencompliance mit der Druckentlastung so erleichtert wird. Zu den sinnvollen druckentlastenden Maßnahmen zählen auch die Achillessehnenverlängerung, ein plantarer Faszien-Release und die perkutane Flexortenotomie. Der Wert einer standardisierten Behandlung durch Spezialisten konnte in großen Registern anhand sinkender Amputationsraten bewiesen werden. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Übersicht deckt ein deutliches Missverhältnis zwischen der Vielzahl der Therapieempfehlungen und ihrer Evidenz auf. Für die Zukunft ist es deshalb vordringlich, in Registererhebungen Behandlung und Ergebnisse bei diesen Patienten flächendeckend zu erfassen.
Plastische Rekonstruktionsmöglichkeiten beim chronischen Sinus pilonidalis
Authors: Behr B. , Ring A. , Kolbenschlag J. , Damert H.-G. , Lehnhardt M. , Daigeler A.
Published: April 2015

Einleitung: Der chronische Sinus pilonidalis ist eine entzündliche Erkrankung der Gesäßfalte, welche bei chronischen Verlaufsformen i. d. R. chirurgisch therapiert werden muss. Zielstellung: In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden verschiedene plastisch-chirurgische Verfahren vorgestellt. Methoden und Ergebnisse: Plastisch-chirurgische Verfahren werden anhand eigener Erfahrungswerte und unter Berücksichtigung ausgewählter Referenzen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Das radikale Débridement unter Entfernung sämtlicher Sinus und Haarnester stellt einen entscheidenden Schritt dar. Im Anschluss bestehen häufig Weichteildefekte, welche mit lokalen Lappenplastiken rekonstruiert werden müssen. Hierbei können verschiedene Lappenplastiken wie Karydakis-, Limberg-, V–Y- oder Rotationslappenplastiken zum Einsatz kommen. Schlussfolgerung: Bei Beachtung eines adäquaten Débridements und plastisch-chirurgischer Grundprinzipien kann mit den dargestellten Methoden ein suffizienter Weichteilverschluss erreicht werden.
Therapieoptionen bei Dekubitalulzera
Authors: Damert H.-G. , Meyer F. , Altmann S.
Published: April 2015

Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit sollen mittels allgemeiner Übersicht über die Pathogenese und Therapie des Dekubitalulkus sowie anhand ausgewählter und repräsentativer Beispiele Möglichkeiten der plastischen Deckung aufgezeigt werden. Infolge der demografischen Entwicklung der Gesellschaft mit einer Zunahme des Anteils älterer Menschen sowie der Fortschritte der modernen Medizin steigt die Zahl multimorbider, geriatrischer und bettlägeriger Patienten, aber auch jener mit protrahiertem Krankenlager stetig an. Somit kommt es bisweilen an disponierten Körperarealen zur Ausbildung unterschiedlich schwerer Grade eines Dekubitalulkus. Während in frühen Stadien eine konservative Therapie zur Behandlung ausreicht, ist in fortgeschrittenen Stadien die chirurgische Therapie zur suffizienten Behandlung unabdingbar. Sowohl zur Erleichterung der Pflege als auch zur Beseitigung eines Infektionsherds kommen plastisch-chirurgische Operationstechniken zur Anwendung. Auch wenn in diesem Artikel Möglichkeiten der Sanierung und Defektdeckung exemplarisch vorgestellt werden, ist die Prophylaxe des Dekubitus noch immer seine beste Therapie.