bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Duganella

sacchari sp. nov. and

Duganella

radicis sp. nov., two novel species isolated from rhizosphere of field-grown sugar cane
Authors: Madhaiyan M. , Poonguzhali S. , Saravanan V. S. , Hari K. , Lee K.-C. , Lee J.-S.
Published: July 2012

Two strains, designated Sac-22T and Sac-41T, were isolated from rhizosphere soil and rhizoplane of field-grown sugar cane clone Co86032. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed a clear affiliation of these two bacteria with the class

Betaproteobacteria

, their closest relatives being

Pseudoduganella violaceinigra

and

Duganella zoogloeoides

with 16S rRNA gene sequence pairwise similarities of 96.4–97.2 % to the two novel strains. Strains Sac-22T and Sac-41T shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 97.6 %. Cells of the two strains were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped. Ubiquinone (Q-8) was the respiratory quinone and the predominant polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The main cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C17 : 0 cyclo, C10 : 0 3-OH and C12 : 0. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.4 mol% for strain Sac-22T and 54.9 mol% for strain Sac-41T. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and physiological and biochemical characterization, that differentiated strains Sac-22T and Sac-41T from all recognized species of the genus

Duganella

, it was concluded that strains represent two novel species in the genus

Duganella

for which the names

Duganella

sacchari sp. nov. (type strain Sac-22T = KCTC 22381T = NCIMB 14475T) and

Duganella

radicis sp. nov. (type strain Sac-41T = KCTC 22382T = NCIMB 14476T) are proposed.
Description of Alloprevotella rava gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity, and reclassification of

Prevotella tannerae

Moore et al. 1994 as Alloprevotella tannerae gen. nov., comb. nov.
Authors: Downes Julia , Dewhirst Floyd E. , Tanner Anne C. R. , Wade William G.
Published: July 2012

Five strains of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacilli isolated from the human oral cavity were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests and were found to comprise a homogeneous group. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains represented a novel group within the family

Prevotellaceae

, and the most closely related species was

Prevotella tannerae

.

P. tannerae

and the novel taxon are deeply branched from the genus

Prevotella

, with sequence identities to the type strain of the type species of

Prevotella

,

Prevotella melaninogenica

, of 82.2 and 85.6 %, respectively. The novel genus Alloprevotella gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the novel species Alloprevotella rava gen. nov., sp. nov. and the previously named

Prevotella tannerae

Moore et al. 1994 as Alloprevotella tannerae gen. nov., comb. nov. The type species is Alloprevotella tannerae. The type strain of Alloprevotella rava is 81/4-12T ( = DSM 22548T  = CCUG 58091T) and the type strain of Alloprevotella tannerae is ATCC 51259T  = CCUG 34292T  = CIP 104476T  = NCTC 13073T. Alloprevotella rava is weakly to moderately saccharolytic and produces moderate amounts of acetic acid and major amounts of succinic acid as end products of fermentation. Strains are sensitive to 20 % bile and hydrolyse gelatin. The principal cellular long-chain fatty acids are anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 47 mol%.
Mooreia alkaloidigena gen. nov., sp. nov. and Catalinimonas alkaloidigena gen. nov., sp. nov., alkaloid-producing marine bacteria in the proposed families Mooreiaceae fam. nov. and Catalimonadaceae fam. nov. in the phylum

Bacteroidetes
Authors: Choi Eun Ju , Beatty Deanna S. , Paul Lauren A. , Fenical William , Jensen Paul R.
Published: July 2012

Bacterial strains CNX-216T and CNU-914T were isolated from marine sediment samples collected from Palmyra Atoll and off Catalina Island, respectively. Both strains were Gram-negative and aerobic and produce deep-orange to pink colonies and alkaloid secondary metabolites. Cells of strain CNX-216T were short, non-motile rods, whereas cells of strain CNU-914T were short, curved rods with gliding motility. The DNA G+C contents of CNX-216T and CNU-914T were respectively 57.7 and 44.4 mol%. Strains CNX-216T and CNU-914T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω5c as the major fatty acids. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that both strains belong to the order

Cytophagales

in the phylum

Bacteroidetes

. Strain CNX-216T exhibited low 16S rRNA gene sequence identity (87.1 %) to the nearest type strain,

Cesiribacter roseus

311T, and formed a well-supported lineage that is outside all currently described families in the order

Cytophagales

. Strain CNU-914T shared 97.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with ‘Porifericola rhodea’ N5EA6-3A2B and, together with ‘Tunicatimonas pelagia’ N5DB8-4 and four uncharacterized marine bacteria isolated as part of this study, formed a lineage that is clearly distinguished from other families in the order

Cytophagales

. Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains CNX-216T and CNU-914T represent novel genera and species, for which we propose the names Mooreia alkaloidigena gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain CNX-216T  = DSM 25187T  = KCCM 90102T) and Catalinimonas alkaloidigena gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain CNU-914T  = DSM 25186T  = KCCM 90101T) within the new families Mooreiaceae fam. nov. and Catalimonadaceae fam. nov.
Paracoccus huijuniae sp. nov., an amide pesticide-degrading bacterium isolated from activated sludge of a wastewater biotreatment system
Authors: Sun Li-Na , Zhang Jun , Kwon Soon-Wo , He Jian , Zhou Shun-Gui , Li Shun-Peng
Published: July 2012

A facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, Gram-reaction-negative, coccoid to short rod-shaped strain, designated FLN-7T, was isolated from activated sludge of a wastewater biotreatment facility. The strain was able to hydrolyse amide pesticides (e.g. diflubenzuron, propanil, chlorpropham and dimethoate) through amide bond cleavage. Strain FLN-7Tgrew at 4–42 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 5.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and with 0–5.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1.0 %). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The major cellular fatty acid was C18 : 1ω7c. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain FLN-7Twas 66.4±0.5 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified glycolipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain FLN-7Twas a member of the genusParacoccusand showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities withParacoccus aminovoransJCM 7685T(99.2 %),P. denitrificansDSM 413T(97.8 %),P. yeeiCDC G1212T(97.3 %) andP. thiocyanatusTHI 011T(97.1 %). Strain FLN-7Tshowed low DNA–DNA relatedness withP. aminovoransKACC 12261T (36.5±3.4 %),P. denitrificansKACC 12251T(30.5±2.6 %),P. yeeiCCUG 46822T(26.2±2.4 %) andP. thiocyanatusKACC 13901T(15.5±0.9 %). Based on the phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization, whole-cell fatty acid composition and biochemical characteristics, strain FLN-7Twas clearly distinguished from all recognized species of the genusParacoccusand should be classified in a novel species, for which the nameParacoccus huijuniaesp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FLN-7T( = KACC 16242T = ACCC 05690T).
Halarchaeum salinum sp. nov., a moderately acidophilic haloarchaeon isolated from commercial sea salt
Authors: Yamauchi Yuto , Minegishi Hiroaki , Echigo Akinobu , Shimane Yasuhiro , Shimoshige Hirokazu , Kamekura Masahiro , Itoh Takashi , Doukyu Noriyuki , Inoue Akira , Usami Ron
Published: July 2012

Three halophilic archaeal strains, MH1-34-1T, MH1-16-1 and MH1-224-5 were isolated from commercial salt samples produced from seawater in Indonesia, the Philippines and Japan, respectively. Cells of the three strains were pleomorphic and stained Gram-negative. Strain MH1-34-1T was orange–red pigmented, while MH1-16-1 and MH1-224-5 were pink-pigmented. Strain MH1-34-1T was able to grow at 12–30 % (w/v) NaCl (with optimum at 18 % NaCl, w/v) at pH 4.5–7.2 (optimum, pH 5.2–5.5) and at 15–45 °C (optimum, 42 °C). Strains MH1-16-1 and MH1-224-5 grew in slightly different ranges. These strains required at least 1 mM Mg2+ for growth. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains MH1-34-1T, MH1-16-1 and MH1-224-5 were almost identical (99.8–99.9 % similarities), and the closest relative was

Halarchaeum acidiphilum

MH-1-52-1T with 98.4 % similarities. The DNA G+C contents of MH1-34-1T, MH1-16-1 and MH1-224-5 were 59.3, 60.8 and 61.0 mol%, respectively. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness amongst the three strains was 90–91 %, while that between each of the three strains and

Halarchaeum acidiphilum

MH1-52-1T was 51–55 %. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that the isolates should represent a novel species of the genus

Halarchaeum

, for which the name Halarchaeum salinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MH1-34-1T ( = JCM 16330T = CECT 7574T).
Fine-needle capillary mounting for protein microcrystals
Authors: Makino Masatomo , Wada Izumi , Mizuno Nobuhiro , Hirata Kunio , Shimizu Nobutaka , Hikima Takaaki , Yamamoto Masaki , Kumasaka Takashi
Published: July 2012

Protein microcrystals of less than 10 µm in size are now applicable to X-ray studies by synchrotron microbeam technology. However, because of their small size, they are difficult to handle and mount. In addition, the deterioration of data quality by scattering from the mounting apparatus and crystallization solvent is not negligible. To address these issues, a simple mounting method is proposed using a fine-needle capillary similar to that used for microinjection in cell biology. In this method, microcrystals are pulled up by capillary action or pipetting, and are held at the tip together with a small amount of cryoprotectant. The quality of the diffraction data using this method is comparable to that of data from conventional cryoloops. This solid apparatus is hopefully suitable for automation of microcrystal handling coupled with optical tweezers.
(RP)-5-Methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexyl phenyl{phenyl[(1-phenylethyl)amino]methyl}phosphinate
Authors: Yang Meng , Sun Yong-Ming , Hou Qing-Gao , Zhao Chang-Qiu
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C31H40NO2P, the P atom has a distorted tetrahedral stereochemistry [bond-angle range about P = 103.33 (6)–115.24 (15)°] and hasRPchirality, which was confirmed crystallographically. The dihedral angles between the P-bonded phenyl ring and the other two phenyl rings are 40.4 (3) and 12.2 (2)°. In the crystal, a C—H...O interaction links molecules into chains which extend along [100].
Dianilinium bis(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato-κ3O2,N,O6)cuprate(II) hexahydrate
Authors: Shokooh Saljooghi Amir , Amiri Rudbari Hadi , Nicolò Francesco , Zahmati Maliheh , Delavar Mendi Fatemeh , Eshtiagh-Hosseini Hossein , Mirzaei Masoud
Published: July 2012

The asymmetric unit of the title complex, (C6H8N)2[Cu(C7H3NO4)2]·6H2O, contains half a copper(II)–dipicolinate complex located on a twofold rotation axis, one protonated aniline molecule and three solvent water molecules. The CuIIatom is coordinated by four O atoms and two N atoms from two dipicolinate ligands in a distorted octahedral environment. In the crystal, the components are linked into a three-dimensional framework by intermolecular O—H...O and N—H...O interactions.
(E)-1-[1-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethylidene]thiosemicarbazide
Authors: Mendoza-Meroño Rafael , García-Granda Santiago
Published: July 2012

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C9H10ClN3S, the molecules form chains parallel to [001] through N—H...S hydrogen bonds. In addition, weak intermolecular N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds connect the chains, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (001).
1-Benzyl-2-dimethylamino-3-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-ium bromide
Authors: Tiritiris Ioannis , Kantlehner Willi
Published: July 2012

In the title molecular salt, C14H22N3+·Br−, the ring incorporating the guanidinium grouping exhibits a half-chair conformation and the dihedral angle between the N—C—N and C—C—C planes is 55.0 (3)°. The C—N bond lengths in the central CN3unit are 1.333 (4), 1.338 (3) and 1.341 (4) Å, indicating partial double-bond character. The central C atom is bonded to the three N atoms in a nearly ideal trigonal–planar geometry and the positive charge is delocalized in the CN3plane. The distances between the N atom and the terminal methyl C atoms [1.453 (4)–1.461 (4) Å] are all close to a typical single C—N bond length.
3-Acetyl-1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)thiourea
Authors: Kumar Sharatha , Foro Sabine , Gowda B. Thimme
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C11H14N2OS, the two N—H bonds areantito each other and one of them isantito the C=S and the other issyn. Further, the amide C=S and the C=O groups areantito each other. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the side chain is 83.74 (5)°. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, molecules are linked into inversion dimers by pairs of N—H...S interactions.
2-[1-(1-Oxoindan-2-yl)ethyl]indan-1-one
Authors: Asiri Abdullah M. , Faidallah Hassan M. , Alamry Khalid A. , Ng Seik Weng , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C20H18O2, the fused-ring systems are essentially planar (r.m.s. deviations of the nine fitted atoms = 0.009 and 0.027 Å) and exhibit an orthogonal relationship [dihedral angle = 79.83 (5)°]. To a first approximation, the ketone-O atoms are directed to opposite sides of the molecule. A three-dimensional architecture arises in the crystal packing owing to C—H...O, C—H...π and π–π interactions [between centrosymmetrically related benzene rings with centroid–centroid distance = 3.7647 (10) Å].
N-(2-Fluorobenzyloxy)-1,3,5-trimethyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-imine
Authors: Ramalingan Chennan , Ng Seik Weng , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C27H29FN2O, the piperidine ring has a twisted boat conformation and all ring substituents occupy equatorial positions. The dihedral angle formed between the phenyl rings is 66.71 (12)°, and the phenyl rings form dihedral angles of 46.60 (13) and 43.75 (13)° with the fluorobenzene ring, which occupies a position coplanar to the methoxy(methylidene)amine residue [N—O—C—C torsion angle = −179.5 (2)°]. In the crystal, a complex network of C—H...π interactions connects the molecules into a three-dimensional architecture.
4,4′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-2,2′-[(1E,1′E)-propane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]diphenol
Authors: Kargar Hadi , Kia Reza , Adabi Ardakani Amir , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz
Published: July 2012

The title compound, C17H14Cl4N2O2, is generated by crystallographic twofold symmetry. The two benzene rings are inclined to one another by 80.17 (10)°. There are two intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds, which makeS(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O and weak C—H...Cl interactions, forming a three-dimensional network.
2-Amino-4-(4-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile
Authors: Mohamed Shaaban K. , Akkurt Mehmet , Tahir Muhammad N. , Abdelhamid Antar A. , Albayati Mustafa R.
Published: July 2012

The 4H-pyran ring of the title compound, C17H16N2O2, is nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.077 (2) Å] and the cyclohexene ring adopts a flattened chair conformation [puckering parameters:QT= 0.435 (2) Å, θ = 122.0 (3)° and φ = 53.5 (3)°]. The 4H-pyran ring is almost perpendicular to the benzene ring [dihedral angle = 87.23 (8)°] and is almost coplanar with the mean plane of the cyclohexene ring [dihedral angle = 8.01 (8)°]. In the crystal, inversion-related molecules are linked by pairs of intermolecular N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers withR22(12) ring motifs. These dimers are further connected by N—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming a layer structure extending parallel to (0-12). Molecules within the layers interact with each otherviaC—H...π interactions.
5-(Adamantan-1-yl)-3-[(2-methoxyethyl)sulfanyl]-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole
Authors: El-Emam Ali A. , Al-Abdullah Ebtehal S. , Asiri Hanadi H. , Chantrapromma Suchada , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: July 2012

In the title adamantyl derivative, C21H27N3OS, the terminal methoxyethyl unit is disordered over two orientations with a refined site-occupancy ratio of 0.846 (6):0.154 (6). The 1,2,4-triazole ring is statistically planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.002 (2) Å] and the phenyl substituent is almost perpendicular to its mean plane [dihedral angle = 83.57 (11)°]. No directional intermolecular interactions were observed in the crystal structure.
1-Benzyloxy-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-4-methoxybenzene
Authors: Trad Hager , Majdoub Mustapha , Belkhiria Mohamed Salah
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C16H16Cl2O2, the dihedral angle between the two rings is 52.65 (10)°. The two Cl atoms aretransto one another being displaced by 1.644 (5) and −1.664 (4) Å from the plane of the benzene ring. Except for the two Cl atoms and the C atoms of the ring of the benzyloxy group, all the other atoms of the compound lie in the same plane [maximum deviation = 0.056 (3) Å]. In the crystal, no significant intermolecular interactions are observed.
6-Hydroxy-7,8-dimethylchroman-2-one
Authors: Goswami Shailesh K. , Hanton Lyall R. , McAdam C. John , Moratti Stephen C. , Simpson Jim
Published: July 2012

The title compound, C11H12O3, is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.179 Å from the mean plane through the 14 non-H atoms in the molecule. The benzene ring and the pyranone mean plane are inclined at 13.12 (6)° to one another and the pyranone ring adopts a flattened chair conformation. In the crystal, O—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...O contacts formR12(6) rings and link molecules into chains alongb. Additional C—H...O contacts generate inversion dimers, withR22(8) ring motifs, and form sheets parallel to (-102) which are linked by C—H...π interactions.
Aquachloridobis[2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl-κN)-1H-benzimidazole-κN3]nickel(II) nitrate
Authors: Liang Peng , Wu Wei , Tian Wei-Man , Yin Xian-Hong
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, [NiCl(C10H7N3S)2(H2O)]NO3, the NiIIion is coordinated by four N atoms from two chelating 2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazole ligands, one Cl atom and one water molecule in a distorted octahedral geometry. In the crystal, O—H...O, N—H...O and N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds link the complex cations and nitrate anions into a three-dimensional network. π–π interactions between the thiazole and imidazole rings and between the thiazole and benzene rings are observed [centroid–centroid distances = 3.592 (3) and 3.735 (3) Å].
An update on DNA barcoding: low species coverage and numerous unidentified sequences
Authors: Kwong Shiyang , Srivathsan Amrita , Meier Rudolf
Published: July 2012

DNA barcoding was proposed in 2003, the Consortium for the Barcode of Life was established in 2004, and the movement has since attracted more than $80 million funding. Here we investigate how many species of multicellular animals have been barcoded. We compare the numbers in a public database (GenBank as of January 2012) with those in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) and find that GenBank contains COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) sequences for ca. 60 000 species while BOLD reports barcodes for ca. 150 000 species. The discrepancy is likely due to a large amount of unpublished data in BOLD. Overall, the species coverage remains sparse, growth rates are low, and the barcode accumulation curve for Metazoa is linear with only 4788 species having been added in 2011. In addition, the vast majority of species in the public database (73%) were barcoded by projects that are unlikely to be related to the DNA barcoding movement. Particularly surprising was the large number of DNA barcodes in GenBank that were not identified to species (Jan 2012: 74%), with insect barcodes often being identified only to order. Of these several hundred thousand have since been suppressed by NCBI because they did not satisfy the iBOL/GenBank early release agreement. Species coverage is considerably better for target taxa of DNA barcoding campaigns (e.g. birds, fishes, Lepidoptera), although it also falls short of published campaign targets.

© The Willi Hennig Society 2012
Cell type‐specific effects of Adenosine 5′‐triphosphate and pyrophosphate on the antitumor activity of doxorubicin
Authors: Wang Jang‐Shiun , Chang Yeo‐Loo , Yu Yang‐Hao , Chen Chih‐Yi , Kao Ming‐Ching , Li Tsai‐Kun , Lin Wan‐Wan
Published: July 2012

Extracellular ATP is an important signaling molecule mediating quite divergent specific biological effects. Even though recent studies suggest a potential role of ATP in cancer progress, its real impact in chemotherapeutic efficacy remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ATP on the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in various cancer cell types and found that ATP had no effect on doxorubicin cytotoxicity in colon, prostate, breast, and cervical cancers or in osteosarcoma. In contrast, ATP has divergent effects on lung cancer cells: it can protect against doxorubicin‐induced cell death in non‐metastatic lung cancer CL1.0 cells, but not in highly metastatic CL1.5 cells. Both apoptotic (characterized by sub‐G1 peak, caspase 3 activation, poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 cleavage) and necrotic (characterized by propidium iodide uptake and ROS production) features induced by doxorubicin in CL1.0 cells were reduced by ATP. In addition, ATP attenuated p53 accumulation, DNA damage (assessed by poly(ADP‐ribose) formation and the comet assay) and topoisomerase II inhibition after doxorubicin treatment, and doxorubicin cytotoxicity was diminished by the p53 inhibitor pifithrin‐α. Moreover, UTP, UDP, ADP, and pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate tetrabasic decahydrate diminished the antitumor effect of doxorubicin in CL1.0 cells, whereas purinergic P2 receptors antagonists did not abrogate the action of ATP. In summary, ATP fails to alter the antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin in most cancer cell types, except in CL1.0 cells, in which pyrophosphate mediates the cell protection afforded by ATP via attenuation of reactive oxygen species production, DNA damage, p53 accumulation, and caspase activation.
Immunohistochemical analysis‐based proteomic subclassification of newly diagnosed glioblastomas
Authors: Motomura Kazuya , Natsume Atsushi , Watanabe Reiko , Ito Ichiro , Kato Yukinari , Momota Hiroyuki , Nishikawa Ryo , Mishima Kazuhiko , Nakasu Yoko , Abe Tatsuya , Namba Hiroki , Nakazato Yoichi , Tashiro Hiroshi , Takeuchi Ichiro , Mori Tsutomu , Wakabayashi Toshihiko
Published: July 2012

Recent gene expression and copy number profilings of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network suggest the existence of distinct subtypes of this tumor. However, these approaches might not be easily applicable in routine clinical practice. In the current study, we aimed to establish a proteomics‐based subclassification of GBM by integrating their genomic and epigenomic profiles. We subclassified 79 newly diagnosed GBM based on expression patterns determined by comprehensive immunohistochemical observation in combination with their DNA copy number and DNA methylation patterns. The clinical relevance of our classification was independently validated in TCGA datasets. Consensus clustering identified the four distinct GBM subtypes: Oligodendrocyte Precursor (OPC) type, Differentiated Oligodendrocyte (DOC) type, Astrocytic Mesenchymal (AsMes) type and Mixed type. The OPC type was characterized by highly positive scores of Olig2, PDGFRA, p16, p53 and synaptophysin. In contrast, the AsMes type was strongly associated with strong expressions of nestin, CD44 and podoplanin, with a high glial fibrillary acidic protein score. The median overall survival of OPC‐type patients was significantly longer than that of the AsMes‐type patients (19.9 vs 12.8 months). This finding was in agreement with the Oncomine analysis of TCGA datasets, which revealed that PDGFRA and Olig2 were favorable prognostic factors and podoplanin and CD44 were associated with a poor clinical outcome. This is the first study to establish a subclassification of GBM on the basis of immunohistochemical analysis. Our study will shed light on personalized therapies that might be feasible in daily neuropathological practice. (Cancer Sci, doi: 10.1111/j.1349‐7006.2012.02377.x, 2012)
Inferring denudation variations from the sediment record; an example of the last glacial cycle record of the Golo Basin and watershed, East Corsica, western Mediterranean sea
Authors: Calvès G. , Toucanne S. , Jouet G. , Charrier S. , Thereau E. , Etoubleau J. , Marsset T. , Droz L. , Bez M. , Abreu V. , Jorry S. , Mulder T. , Lericolais G.
Published: July 2012

Geophysical data and sampling of the Golo Basin (East Corsica margin) provide the opportunity to study mass balance in a single drainage system over the last 130 kyr, by comparing deposited sediments in the sink and the maximum eroded volume in the source using total denudation proxies. Evaluation of the solid sediments deposited offshore and careful integration of uncertainties from the age model and physical properties allow us to constrain three periods of sedimentation during the last climatic cycle. The peak of sedimentation initiated during Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 3 (ca. 45 ka) and lasted until late in MIS 2 (ca. 18 ka). This correlates with Mediterranean Sea palaeoclimatic records and the glaciation in high altitude Corsica. The yield of solid sediment into the Golo Basin drops in the observed present day Mediterranean basins (gauging stations), whereas the palaeo‐denudation estimate derived from the sediments over the last glacial period is one to ten times higher than that predicted using cosmogenic or thermochronometer estimates of exhumation. The catchment‐wide denudation rate calculated from deposited solid sediment ranges from 47 to 219 mm kyr−1, which is higher than the estimate from palaeosurface ablation in the proximal part of the source (9–140 mm kyr−1) and lower than the distal, narrow, incised channel of the Golo River (160–475 mm kyr−1). This mismatch raises questions about the investigation of denudation at millennial‐time scale (kyr) and at higher integrating times (Myr) as a reliable tool for determining the effect of climate change on mountain building and on sedimentary basin models.
Beta‐adrenoceptors in the human dorsal hand vein, and the effects of propranolol and practolol on venous sensitivity to noradrenaline.
Authors: White CB , Udwadia BP
Published: July 2012

1 Infusion of isoprenaline into dorsal hand veins preconstricted with noradrenaline produced vasodilatation in four subjects out of five which was reversed by addition of propranolol. It is confirmed that beta‐adrenoceptors are present in the hand veins of most subjects. 2 Addition of either propranolol or practolol to infusions of vasoconstrictor doses of noradrenaline potentiated the vasoconstriction in the hand vein. 3 After systemic administration of propranolol (0.3 mg/kg) or of practolol (1.0 mg/kg) intravenously, the sensitivity of the hand vein to the vasoconstrictor activity of noradrenaline was increased by 7.5 times and 2.9 times respectively. Significant reductions in hand skin temperature and resting pulse rate occurred after propranolol only. 4 It is suggested that this may be a useful method for the quantitative estimation of peripheral vascular beta‐ adrenoceptor blocking activity in man. At the doses used, significant beta‐adrenoceptor blockade appears to occur at this site with practolol as well as propranolol.
Residual effects of flunitrazepam.
Authors: Bond AJ , Lader MH
Published: July 2012

1 Twelve normal subjects were tested on a large battery of tests after a hypnotic dose of flunitrazepam(1 or 2 mg) and a placebo. Psychological tests were given 12 h after the drug and physiological tests 12, 15 and 18 h after the drug. 2 The tests included self‐ratings of hypnotic effects and mood, the electroencephalogram, the auditory electroencephalographic evoked response, skin conductance, tapping, card‐sorting and the symbol copying test. 3 Both doses of flunitrazepam were effective hypnotics according to the ratings, with an anxiolytic effect the following day. The EEG was significantly altered up to 18 h after the drug and the behavioural tests showed a motor impairment 12 h after drug administration. 4 Nearly all changes displayed linear dose‐ related trends.
An investigation into the cardiac and pulmonary beta‐adrenoceptor blocking activity of ICI 66,082 in man.
Authors: Marlin GE , Kumana CR , Kaye CM , Smith DM , Turner P
Published: July 2012

1 Oral ICI 66,082 (200 mg) or water (control treatment) were each administered to six healthy volunteers. 2 The heart rate (HR) and peak flow rate (PFR) were measured at rest and during vigorous exercise before and at intervals up to 24 h after each treatment. 3 ICI 66,082 produced significant reductions in exercise HR at all times compared with the changes after the control treatment (P less than 0.001), whereas with resting HR, corresponding significant reductions only occurred at 2,3 and 4 h (P less than 0.05). 4 Although there was no change in resting PFR, significant reductions in exercise PFR, compared with the changes after the control treatment, occurred at all times excepting at 2 h after ICI 66,082 (P less than 0.025). 5 The findings are consistent with ICI 66,082 possessing partial cardioselectivity. 6 Plasma levels and renal excretion of the drug were determined. Urinary recovery was variable which, together with the plasma concentration/effect relationships obtained, raise the possibility that ICI 66,082 is metabolized in man.
The effect of intramuscular salbutamol in asthmatics.
Authors: Ingram J , Gaddie J , Skinner C , Palmer KN
Published: July 2012

1 In a double‐blind placebo controlled dose‐response experiment in six asthmatic patients with reversible airways obstruction the effect of i.m. salbutamol (4 mug/kg, 8 mug/kg or 12 mug/kg) was assessed by improvement in spirometry and change in pulse rate. 2 Salbutamol (8 mug/kg) resulted in a mean increase in FEV1 of 1 litre and a mean increase in pulse rate of 7 beats/minute. 3 It was concluded that salbutamol (8 mug/kg) was the optimal dose.
The effect of chloramphenicol and sulphaphenazole on the biotransformation of cyclophosphamide in man.
Authors: Faber OK , Mouridsen HT , Skovsted L
Published: July 2012

1 The metabolism of cyclophosphamide was investigated before and following treatment with chloramphenicol (five subject) and sulphaphenazole (seven subjects). 2 The biotransformation of cyclophosphamide was retarded after chloramphenicol treatment as indicated by prolongation in the mean serum half‐life from 7.5 h to 11.5 h combined with decreased peak activity and integrated concentrations of metabolites. 3 In the sulphaphenazole treated subjects the rate of biotransformation of cyclophosphamide was significantly inhibited in two, unaltered in three and enhanced in two. The inconsistency of the results is discussed.
The effects of BRL 46470A, a novel 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, and lorazepam on psychometric performance and the EEG.
Authors: Link CG , Leigh TJ , Dennison JK
Published: July 2012

1. The effects of single doses of a novel 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, BRL 46470A (0.1 microgram, 0.01 mg, 1 mg or 50 mg) and lorazepam (2.5 mg) on psychometric performance and the EEG were investigated in a randomised, double‐blind, crossover, placebo controlled study of 16 healthy male volunteers. 2. There was strong evidence that lorazepam had a marked effect on the EEG, increasing power in the 1 Hz to 7 Hz and 13 Hz to 20 Hz wavebands, whilst reducing power in the 8 Hz to 12 Hz waveband. Lorazepam also produced an impairment of daytime function as assessed by psychometric performance and subjective measures. 3. In contrast, there was little evidence to suggest that BRL 46470A had any effect on the EEG or that it impaired daytime function.
A comparison in young and elderly subjects of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple doses of benazepril.
Authors: Macdonald NJ , Elliott HL , Hughes DM , Reid JL
Published: July 2012

1. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple oral doses of the ACE inhibitor benazepril were investigated in young and elderly normotensive subjects. 2. Following multiple doses the trough concentrations were significantly higher in the elderly and the areas under the plasma concentration‐time curves (AUC0‐24) were significantly greater, by approximately 23%. 3. The fall in blood pressure tended to be greater in the elderly subjects but this is likely to be attributable to their higher initial blood pressures, although it may reflect the small differences in pharmacokinetics. 4. The age related differences in kinetics and dynamics following multiple dosing are quantitatively similar to those obtained with single doses. However, there appears to be a quantitative difference between benazepril and other ACE inhibitors in that the age related increases were of a relatively smaller magnitude.
Food intake increases the relative oral bioavailability of vanoxerine.
Authors: Ingwersen SH , Mant TG , Larsen JJ
Published: July 2012

Each of 12 healthy male subjects received single oral doses of 100 mg vanoxerine (GBR 12909), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor with potential antidepressant activity, on three different occasions (fasting, after a low‐fat meal and after a high‐fat meal) according to a randomized, cross‐over design. The mean tmax value increased from 0.82 h after fasting to 1.44 h after a low‐fat meal and to 2.46 h after a high‐fat meal. Only modest food effects were seen on mean Cmax values (55 nM, 52 nM and 84 nM, after fasting, after the low‐fat meal and after the high‐ fat meal, respectively) but values of AUC up to the last measurable concentration (AUC(0,t)) increased by 76% (from 110 to 194 nM h) after the low‐fat meal and by 255% (from 110 to 391 nM h) after the high‐fat meal compared with fasting. All of these effects were statistically significant except for the differences in tmax and Cmax between fasting and the low‐fat meal. The mechanism of these changes is unclear, but it seems likely that food may lower the first‐pass metabolism of vanoxerine, as has been shown for other lipophilic basic drugs.
A comparison of the effects of two putative 5‐hydroxytryptamine renal prodrugs in normal man.
Authors: Li Kam Wa TC , Freestone S. , Samson RR , Johnston NR , Lee MR
Published: July 2012

1. The effects of 1 h intravenous infusions of equimolar amounts of two putative 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) renal prodrugs, 5‐hydroxy‐L‐ tryptophan (5‐HTP, 10 micrograms kg‐1 min‐1) and gamma‐L‐glutamyl‐5‐ hydroxy‐L‐tryptophan (glu‐5‐HTP, 16.6 micrograms kg‐1 min‐1) were examined in five healthy male volunteers in a randomised, placebo‐ controlled, cross‐over study. 2. Both compounds increased urinary excretion of 5‐HT and there was greater extra‐renal formation of 5‐HT following 5‐HTP administration than after glu‐5‐HTP. 3. Glu‐5‐HTP was significantly antinatriuretic. 5‐HTP reduced mean urinary sodium excretion but this effect was not statistically significant. 4. 5‐HTP, but not glu‐5‐HTP, significantly increased plasma aldosterone. There was no increase in plasma renin activity with either compound. 5. There were no significant changes in pulse rate or blood pressure. Two subjects complained of nausea at the end of 5‐HTP infusion but none had any adverse reactions with glu‐5‐HTP. 6. The results of this study suggest that both prodrugs generate 5‐HT in man and that glu‐5‐HTP is antinatriuretic. The glutamyl derivative may have greater renal specificity than 5‐HTP and, as a result, causes less systemic side effects.
The efficacy of locally applied morphine in post‐operative pain after bilateral third molar surgery.
Authors: Moore UJ , Seymour RA , Gilroy J , Rawlins MD
Published: July 2012

1. Recent evidence has hinted at a peripheral site of action of morphine analgesic efficacy. 2. Previous studies by the same authors have developed a model for testing local analgesic efficacy by placing drugs into tooth sockets after third molar surgery. 3. The present studies test the hypothesis of local morphine activity at two dosage concentrations, 100 ng ml‐1 and 100 micrograms ml‐1 after third molar surgery. 4. No significant analgesic efficacy was found at either dose when compared with placebo.
Lack of effect of H2‐receptor antagonists on the pharmacokinetics of alcohol consumed after food at lunchtime.
Authors: Kendall MJ , Spannuth F , Walt RP , Gibson GJ , Hale KA , Braithwaite R , Langman MJ
Published: July 2012

The possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction between H2‐receptor antagonists and alcohol consumed at lunchtime, was investigated in 24 healthy non‐alcoholic male subjects, each receiving ranitidine 150 mg four times daily, cimetidine 400 mg four times daily, famotidine 20 mg four times daily and placebo in an open, four‐way cross‐over study. The subjects consumed 50 g alcohol after a standard lunch on the eighth day of dosing with study medication. Blood samples taken during the 6 h after alcohol consumption were analysed for alcohol concentrations by gas liquid chromatography using head space analysis. None of the H2‐ receptor antagonists had any statistically significant effects on any of the pharmacokinetic parameters for alcohol. Mean Cmax (95% CI) results for ranitidine were 547 (516, 580), cimetidine 531 (501, 563), famotidine 563 (530, 598) and placebo 529 (499, 561) mg l‐1.
The antinatriuretic action of gamma‐L‐glutamyl‐5‐hydroxy‐L‐tryptophan is dependent on its decarboxylation to 5‐hydroxytryptamine in normal man.
Authors: Li Kam Wa TC , Freestone S , Samson RR , Johnston NR , Lee MR
Published: July 2012

1. The effects of inhibition of peripheral aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase during infusion of the relatively renally selective 5‐ hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) prodrug, gamma‐L‐glutamyl‐5‐hydroxy‐L‐ tryptophan (glu‐5‐HTP), were examined in eight healthy male subjects in a randomised, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study. 2. Each subject received oral carbidopa (100 mg) or placebo followed, 1 h later, by a 60 min intravenous infusion of glu‐5‐HTP (16.6 micrograms kg‐1 min‐1) or placebo. 3. After administration of glu‐5‐HTP, cumulative urinary excretion of 5‐HT was 430‐fold greater than that after placebo, and was associated with a period of sodium retention. 4. Pretreatment with carbidopa substantially attenuated the increase in 5‐HT excretion after glu‐5‐HTP and abolished its antinatriuretic effect. 5. These results are in keeping with the proposition that the antinatriuretic action of glu‐5‐HTP is dependent on its decarboxylation to 5‐HT.
Exercise metabolism in healthy volunteers taking atenolol, high and low doses of metoprolol CR/Z0K, and placebo.
Authors: Head A , Maxwell S , Kendall MJ , Eagles C
Published: July 2012

1. Exercise and beta‐adrenoceptor blockade have important roles in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, but fatigue and a reduced capacity to exercise are commonly reported side effects of beta‐ adrenoceptor blockers. The reduced capacity to exercise may be partly caused by a reduction in fat metabolism. 2. We investigated the effects of atenolol 50 mg, metoprolol CR/Z0K 50 mg, metoprolol CR/Z0K 100 mg and placebo, on heart rate, energy expenditure, fat oxidation, plasma free fatty acids, glycerol, glucose, lactate, ammonia and perceived exertion during 2 h of treadmill walking at 40% of maximal oxygen uptake in 20 healthy volunteers. 3. Compared with placebo (38.0%), total fat oxidation was significantly lower on atenolol 50 mg (30.1%) and metoprolol CR/Z0K 100 mg (31.0%), but not on metoprolol CR/Z0K 50 mg (33.7%). Reductions in fat oxidation correlated well (r2 = 0.970) with reductions in exercising heart rate, and probably reflected the degree of beta 1‐adrenoceptor blockade. Maximum plasma ammonia concentration was reached after 45 min of exercise on atenolol, 60 min on metoprolol CR/Z0K 100, and 75 min on metoprolol CR/Z0K 50, and was higher than placebo on all active drug treatments. 4. The greater reduction in fat oxidation with atenolol may be a reflection of a peak in plasma concentration, which is avoided with a controlled release preparation.
Ranitidine bismuth citrate and ranitidine do not affect gastric emptying of a radio‐labelled liquid meal.
Authors: Parikh R , Sweetland J , Forster ER , Bedding AW , Farr SJ , Smith JT
Published: July 2012

Ranitidine bismuth citrate, a new chemical entity which is a salt complex of ranitidine and bismuth citrate, is being developed for the treatment of relapse of benign gastric and duodenal ulcer and eradication of Helicobacter pylori. The aim of the present study was to establish whether ranitidine bismuth citrate (800 mg) or ranitidine hydrochloride (300 mg) have any effect on gastric emptying of a liquid meal using gamma scintigraphy. On three separate occasions, each of twelve subjects received a single oral tablet of 800 mg ranitidine bismuth citrate, 300 mg ranitidine hydrochloride or placebo in random order. Thirty minutes after dosing each subject was given 375 ml of 99mTc‐DTPA (diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid) labelled Clinifeed‐ ISO. The primary endpoint was the time to 50% gastric emptying (t50%). The proportion of the meal remaining was summarised by weighted mean proportion of the meal remaining in the stomach over 0‐60 min and 0‐180 min, separately. No differences were observed for t50%, weighted mean 0‐ 60 min, and weighted mean 0‐180 min between any two treatments. In man, we have detected no significant effect of single oral doses of ranitidine bismuth citrate 800 mg or ranitidine hydrochloride 300 mg on the rate of gastric emptying of a liquid meal when compared with placebo.
Online learning applied to a course on rational therapeutics: an international comparison between final year students of two medical schools
Authors: Likic Robert , White Casey , Cinti Sandro , Purkiss Joel , Fantone Joseph , Chapman Chris , Bielen Luka , Francetic Igor , Engleberg Cary
Published: July 2012

Introduction

Poor prescribing is probably the most common cause of preventable medication errors and many of these events involve junior doctors. In 2009, an electronic problem‐based therapeutics course developed at the University of Michigan Medical School (UMMS) was translated and adapted for use at the University of Zagreb Medical School (UZMS).

Methods

After students from both schools took the course in 2010, we compared their responses with an online questionnaire addressing the course quality and its effectiveness.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in the overall average grades awarded for the course (UZMS 4.11 ± 0.86 vs. UMMS 3.96 ± 0.93; 95% CI mean difference (MD) – 0.36, 0.07; P = 0.175) with both student groups expressing high satisfaction rates with its quality, accessibility and overall design. UZMS students reported spending less time working through the course than their American colleagues (2.14 ± 1.01 vs. 2.89 ± 1.02 on a five point Likert scale; 95% CI MD 0.51, 0.99; P < 0.05). Furthermore, Croatian students indicated greater difficulty with course materials (3.54 ± 0.59 vs. 3.25 ± 0.59; 95% CI MD – 0.42, – 0.15; P < 0,05) and weekly multiple choice questions (3.83 ± 0.62 vs. 3.4 ± 0.61; 95% CI MD – 0.58, – 0.29; P < 0,05) compared with the UMMS students.

Conclusion

It is possible to adapt and translate successfully whole online teaching resources and implement them internationally in different countries and health care systems, achieving similar, high student satisfaction rates while decreasing administrative and cost burdens. Web based learning may have great potential to offer a cost effective and safe environment in which prescribing skills can be improved.
Changes in CDKN2D,TP53, and miR125a expression: potential role in the evaluation of human amniotic fluid‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell fitness
Authors: Miranda‐Sayago Jose M. , Fernandez‐Arcas Nieves , Reyes‐Engel Armando , Benito Carmen , Narbona Isidoro , Alonso Antonio
Published: July 2012

Human amniotic fluid‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSC) have become one of the main cell populations used in regenerative medicine and for the study of various clinical disorders. These cells have a great capacity for proliferation and differentiation and do not form teratomas when transplanted into animal models, and their stemness seems to be between embryonic cells and adult mesenchymal cells. Before their use in cell therapy, they must be cultured and expanded in vitro, but the effect this process has on their fitness, a determining factor for the success or failure of cell therapy, is unknown. We undertook a follow‐up of gene and microRNAs (miRNAs) expression using microarray of hAMSC for the first 15 passages. Significant changes were noted in the expression of various mRNAs and miRNAs, particularly down‐regulation of
TP53, increased expression of hsa‐miR‐125a and up‐regulation of
CDKN2D
. The variations in
TP53 and hsa‐miR‐125a may act as an indicator of the stemness of the hAMSC, whereas
CDKN2D
may indicate the begging of early senescence process in a p53‐independent mechanism. The genes described in this study will help evaluate the fitness of hAMSC, thus guaranteeing their biological quality for use in regenerative medicine.
Spectrophotometric analysis of coronal discolouration induced by grey and white MTA
Authors: Ioannidis K. , Mistakidis I. , Beltes P. , Karagiannis V.
Published: July 2012

Aim

To evaluate the specific alterations in tooth colour with white and grey MTA when used to fill pulp chambers.

Methodology

Forty‐five fully developed, intact, mandibular third molars were sectioned 1 mm below their cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ). Their pulp chambers were chemo‐mechanically debrided, and the specimens were randomly assigned into three groups: Group 1–white MTA (Angelus™), Group 2–grey MTA (Angelus™) and Group 3–negative control (unfilled). During the experimental period, specimens were immersed in vials containing distilled water up to the CEJ (37±1 °C). Spectral reflectance lines were recorded by utilizing a UV–vis spectrophotometer equipped with an integration sphere in the visual spectrum, at baseline, 1 week and 1, 2 and 3 months after placement of the materials. Data were transformed into values of the CIE
L*a*b* colour system, and the corresponding ΔΕ values were calculated. The results were analysed using two‐way mixed anova models, whilst pairwise comparisons were conducted with Bonferroni's method at P < 0.05 level of significance.

Results

Both types of MTA induced significant decreases in L*, a* and b* values. The colour change was greater with grey MTA. Grey MTA led to clinically perceptible crown discolouration after 1 month, whilst the total colour change caused by white MTA exceeded the perceptible threshold for the human eye after 3 months.

Conclusions

The application of both grey and white MTA formulations induced a decrease in lightness and reduction in redness and yellowness in teeth. The present findings suggest that application of grey MTA in the aesthetic zone should be avoided, whilst white MTA should be used with caution when filling pulp chambers with the materials.