bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Motivasi Usaha dan Kemampuan Usaha terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha di UMKM Pengolahan Pisang Kelurahan Rowosari, Tembalang Semarang
Authors: Aisyah Nur Wastuti  , Sumekar Wulan , Prasetyo Agus Subhan
Published: January 2022

Kelurahan Rowosari Kecamatan Tembalang menjadi salah satu daerah dengan pertumbuhan usaha yang cukup pesat di Kota Semarang. Dengan adanya potensi tersebut dan melimpahnya produksi pisang menjadikan hal ini sebuah peluang untuk mengembangkan usaha di sektor makanan terutama berbahan dasar komoditas pisang. Kelompok UMKM Mekarsari merupakan salah satu kelompok yang cukup aktif dalam mengembangkan usaha olahan makanannya terutama olahan berbahan dasar pisang yang mudah didapatkan dan pasarnya cukup luas. Namun, karena banyaknya pengusaha yang menekuni usaha dibidang ini maka persainganpun semakin ketat sehingga terdapat kesenjangan antar pengusaha satu dengan lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk: 1) Mendeskripsikan pengaruh motivasi dan kemampuan usaha terhadap keberhasilan berwirausaha. 2) Menganalisis pengaruh tingkat motivasi dan kemampuan usaha terhadap keberhasilan berwirausaha. Penelitian berlokasi di  32 UMKM pengolahan pisang bernama UMKM Mekarsari di Kelurahan Rowosari, Kecamatan Tembalang, Semarang. Metode yang digunakan merupakan metode studi kasus dengan pendekatan secara kuantitatif. Penentuan responden menggunakan metode sensus dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 37 pekerja dan pengusaha olahan pisang. Metode pengumpulan data diambil dengan melakukan wawancara dengan alat bantu kuesioner, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Sikap motivasi, kemampuan dan keberhasilan usaha tergolong tinggi. Growth pada motivasi usaha memiliki nilai paling tinggi diantara kedua faktor lainnya. Sedangkan untuk kemampuan usaha faktor pemasaran memiliki nilai paling tinggi, dan daya saing pada keberhasilan usaha memiliki nilai paling tinggi 2) Variabel motivasi dan kemampuan usaha berpengaruh nyata terhadap keberhasilan usaha secara simultan dengan nilai FHitung sebesar 7,966 3) UMKM Mekarsari dikatakan sudah layak dalam menjalankan usaha pengolahan pisangnya karena memiliki nilai R/C Ratio yang melebihi 1. Nilai tambah keempat produk pun cukup tinggi karena nilainya lebih dari 40% dan nilai keuntungan yang melebihi 50%.

Kata kunci : keberhasilan, kemampuan, motivasi, pisang, UMKM
Reducing Broadcasting Route Request Packet through LF-AODC
Authors: Ismail Roswan , Zulkifli Che Zalina , Samsudin Khairulanuar
Published: January 2022

Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) is one of the commonly used reactive routing protocols in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) as it can achieve relatively better communication performance. However, AODV can lead to heavy routing overhead and additional delay due to the flooding broadcast of route request (RREQ) packets during the route discovery cycle. Additionally, the multiple route reply (RREP) packets in response to a single RREQ can also contribute to overhead and additional delay. Thus, a new algorithm called Less Flooding-AODV (LF-AODV) was proposed to reduce the broadcasted RREQ and the transmitted RREP during the route discovery cycle by decreasing the number of nodes involved in the route establishment phase. A simulation test was carried out to compare the difference in performance between LF-AODV and AODV algorithms. The simulation test revealed that the steps of the route discovery process in LF-AODV were significantly reduced, thus improving its performance in terms of packet delivery fraction, end-to-end delay and routing overhead compared to the traditional algorithm. Clearly, these results reinforce the theoretical principles used in formulating the new algorithm of LF-AODV.
Investigating the IT Resources Key Factors in the Iraqi Higher Education Institutions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Fahad A. , Meri A. , Altaher A , Dauwed MA , Hashim N , Omar Sh.
Published: January 2022

Integrating the new technologies to improve the current educational systems makes it compulsory to the higher education institutions to get use of the current IT resources in order to be able to transform the traditional education ways into the e-learning sytems. In Iraq, there are some antecedents facing the higher education institutions regarding the utilization of e-learning systems. In this paper, the researchers proposed a model of a relationship in which a quantitative research design was chosen to verify the proposed factors and construct the relationship among them. The main factors that may affect the IT readiness was declared as three categories: organisation, communication, and technological structure. These three aspects were found to affect the IT capacity and IT capability of the organization that offer the e-learning systems in order to assess the actual use of these systems in the Iraqi higher education institutions. In order to verify that a designed questionnaire, that is reliable and free of errors, two steps of verifications has been followed up. Firstly, a validation phase in which, the questionnaire checked by a panel of experts in the field of e-learning, the comments received was followed up before proceeding to the second phase. Secondly, a pilot study was conducted to check the reliability of the instrument. The collected data has been analysed using the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient reliability test in SPSS 24 software package. The results showed that all factors are reliable as they gained a value of 0.7 and above in the test.
Psoriazė
Authors: Stravinskienė Dovilė
Published: January 2022

Psoriazė – tai lėtinė uždegiminė liga, kuriai būdingi saviti išbėrimai odoje (eriteminės plokštelės su sidabrinio atspalvio žvyneliais), nagų ir sąnarių pažeidimas. Ligos paplitimas, priklausomai nuo regiono, svyruoja nuo 0,2 iki 4,8 proc. Tiksli etiologija nežinoma.
Eliciting Stakeholder Perceptions Using a Novel Online Engagement Platform: A Case Study on Nano-Agrifoods
Authors: Ruzante Juliana M. , Shumaker Ellen Thomas , Holt Sidney , Mayer Susan , Kokotovich Adam , Cuchiara Maude , Binder Andrew R. , Kuzma Jennifer , Grieger Khara
Published: January 2022

Stakeholder engagement is an important component in developing policies on critical issues such as the use and development of novel methods and technologies, including biotechnologies and nanotechnologies. Understanding the perspectives, needs, and concerns of stakeholder groups can facilitate the development of transparent and trusted policy recommendations. Innovative online research platforms have been developed as alternatives to typical stakeholder engagement methods such as in-person focus groups, interviews, and online and paper surveys. These platforms facilitate the engagement of geographically and linguistically (i.e., individuals who speak different languages) diverse stakeholders using a wide range of methods, from virtual focus groups to surveys. Stakeholders can participate at their own leisure and anonymously, which can facilitate more open interactions on issues where viewpoints may differ. In this work, we used an online stakeholder engagement platform (OSEP) to engage stakeholders and capture their perceptions and views about the application of nanotechnology in food and agriculture (nano-agrifood) and the role of responsible innovation in the development of nano-agrifood products. The OSEP provided a reliable and interactive environment for stakeholders to share their views and exchange ideas. Such OSEPs should be further explored as novel tools for engaging stakeholders on a range of issues from emerging technologies to public health.
DUALISM OF THE ARTISTIC SPACE IN VICTOR PELEVIN’S NOVEL “GENERATION ‘P’
Authors: Насер Мухамед Талха
Published: January 2022

В статье поднимается проблема дуализма художественного пространства романа Виктора Пелевина «Generation “П”», которое представлено субъективной и объективной реальностью. Понятие «субъективная и объективная реальность» ввел в философский язык Д. И. Дубровский в 1968 году. Автор утверждает, что это понятие характерно для современной русской прозы. В работе наглядно иллюстрируется, как олицетворением художественного пространства потребительского общества становятся город Москва и средства масс-медиа (реклама, телевидение, мировая компьютерная сеть). Научная новизна работы заключается в том, что впервые художественное пространство романа рассматривается с точки зрения дуализма реальностей. Автор отмечает, что рецептивная эстетика романа состоит из интертекстуальных связей, рассчитанных на разные уровни восприятия. Исследование показало, что в произведении русского постмодернистаВ. Пелевина художественное пространство состоит не только из одного вещественного мира, но и из телевизионной и психоделической реальности. На границе двух реальностей в сознании главного героя возникают вавилонские ассоциации. Структура художественного пространства в романе обусловлена городской средой. Москва в романе впитывает «петербургский миф», автор подчеркивает тревожность городского пейзажа. Результаты исследования имеют практическое значение и могут быть использованы в вузовских курсах по истории современной литературы.

The article raises the problem of dualism of the artistic space of Victor Pelevin’s novel “Generation ‘P’”, which is represented by subjective and objective reality. The concept “subjective and objective reality” was introduced into the philosophical circulation by D. Dubrovsky in 1968. The author claims that this concept is characteristic of modern Russian prose. The work clearly illustrates how the city of Moscow and the mass media (advertising, television, world computer network) become the personification of the artistic space of the consumer society. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the artistic space of the novel is considered from the point of view of the dualism of realities. The author notes that the receptive aesthetics of the novel consists of intertextual connections designed for different levels of perception. The study showed that in the work of the Russian postmodernist V. Pelevin, the artistic space does not consist of one material world, but of television and psychedelic reality. On the border of two realities, Babylonian associations arise in the mind of the protagonist. The structure of the artistic space in the novel is determined by the urban environment. Moscow in the novel absorbs the “Petersburg myth”, the author emphasizes the uneasiness of the urban landscape. The research results are of practical importance and can be used in university courses on the history of modern literature
EXERCISES FOR FORMING FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN DOCTORS-TO-BE
Authors: Царская Татьяна Сергеевна
Published: January 2022

В характеристиках обобщенных трудовых функций в профессиональном стандарте врачей указывается на необходимость их участия во всероссийских и международных съездах, конгрессах, конференциях, симпозиумах, стажировках и других образовательных мероприятиях, что предполагает наличие устойчивых навыков владения иностранным языком для профессионального общения с зарубежными коллегами. В данном контексте формирование навыков иноязычного профессионального общения у будущих врачей является актуальным и обусловливается систематическим выполнением в определенной последовательности многократных действий, именуемых упражнениями. Автор данной работы актуализирует систему упражнений в качестве дидактического средства формирования навыков иноязычного профессионального общения у будущих врачей. На основе теоретического анализа научных литературных источников систематизированы разные подходы к классификации упражнений, их типы, виды.

The characteristics of generalized labor functions in the professional standard of doctors indicate the need to participate in all-Russian and international congresses, conferences, symposia, training courses and other educational events. which conditions having stable skills of proficiency in a foreign language for professional communication with foreign colleagues. In this context, the formation of foreign language professional communication skills I doctors-to-be is relevantand conditioned by the systematic doing in a certain sequence of repeated actions-exercises. The system of exercises as one of the didactic means in the problem of forming foreign language professional communication skills in doctors-to-be is actualized. The author systematizes different approaches classifying the exercises for the formation of foreign language professional communication skills in doctors-to-be according to theoretical analysis of scientific literary sources.
Introduction
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

Research and development (R&D) continues to be at the heart of how businesses and governments realise technological potential and foster innovation. But the way R&D is conducted today is changing rapidly. Knowledge ecosystems are shifting towards cross-disciplinary, multi-agency activities that draw on the distinct contributions that different types of organisation can make towards developing and exploiting original and transformative ideas. We are also seeing a growing trend and need for international collaboration, alongside the emergence of clusters of elite research groups working collaboratively with each other.
Mapping Interactions
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

This section presents a framework to help you map the different tactical and operational interactions that can take place in a company-university engagement. It will help you determine how best to define different project types and relationships between your company and a university partner.
Creating Leverage
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

In this section, we present a framework designed to capture the impact of company R&D investments in the specific projects and activities of strategic partnerships. This section provides guidance on how to use the methodology in a transparent way. Over the past ten years, we have been able to develop a simple, but useful way to quantify the benefits of the social capital a company has built with academic partners. This approach is encapsulated in the concept of leverage. With this concept in mind, it is possible to develop approaches that help your company to utilise the resources of other organisations to maximise advantage, whilst maintaining and enriching partnerships. This leverage methodology will allow you to quantify why you have been successful and the degree of that success.
Using Formal Agreements
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

In this section, we present a framework for agreements highlighting the key components that should be stipulated between you and the partner. These agreements provide an overarching framework for a portfolio of different individual contract types, relationships and consortia arrangements. These agreements can help to formalise ongoing arrangements for access to capabilities (i.e. equipment, buildings, data processing capabilities), encourage synergy across work streams and introduce new, more balanced approaches to publication, IP rights and confidentiality.
Introduction
Authors: Kemp Anna
Published: January 2022

On se sauve (parfois) en jouant …

Georges Perec, La Boutique Obscure, n. pag.

In 1944, the French chemical engineer and writer François Le Lionnais was arrested by the Gestapo for Resistance activities and interned in the Dora concentration camp. Two years later, he composed a brief essay, ...
From Menstruation to the Menopause
Authors: Tomlinson Maria Kathryn
Published: January 2022

This book examines the representation of the female fertility cycle in contemporary Algerian, Mauritian, and French women’s writing. It focuses on menstruation, childbirth, and the menopause whilst also incorporating experiences such as miscarriage and abortion. This study frames its analysis of contemporary women’s writing in French by looking back to the pioneering work of the second-wave feminists. Second-wave feminist texts were the first to break the silence on key aspects of female experience which had thus far been largely overlooked or considered taboo. Second-wave feminist works have been criticised for applying their ‘universal’ theories to all women, regardless of their ethnicity, socio-economic status, or sexuality. This book argues that contemporary women’s writing has continued the challenge against normative perceptions of the body that was originally launched by the second-wave feminists, whilst also taking a more nuanced, contextual and intersectional approach to corporeal experience. The cross-cultural and interdisciplinary approach of this book is informed not only by critics of the second-wave feminist movement but also by sociological studies which consider how women’s bodily experiences are shaped by socio-cultural context.
The Spanish Translations of Fernando Pessoa in the First Francoism: Ideological and Aesthetic Factors
Authors: Delgado Antonio Sáez
Published: January 2022

The reception of Fernando Pessoa in the Spanish state constitutes a field of study that has progressed significantly in recent years thanks to work carried out by specialists in comparative literature and translation studies. After Pessoa’s initial reception in the 1920s, his work was translated, studied, and disseminated in Spain in the 1940s and 1950s by a group of authors linked to the deep ideological–aesthetic tensions that emerged after the Civil War. This context generated an interesting reception for the Portuguese writer, deeply marked by the political situation in which the country was living. Although the first references to Pessoa’s work in Spain appeared in the 1910s in Galicia and Catalonia, his reception in Spain after his death in 1935 was clearly guided by the official cultural centralism of the Francoist regime. After establishing the phases of Pessoa’s reception in the Iberian context and pointing out the essential differences between the Castilian, Catalan, Galician, and Basque fields, the chapter focuses on the most important translations and editions of that period in the Spanish context.
The Nutcrackers: Iberian Variations on a Short Farce
Authors: Sousa José Pedro , Marques Andresa Fresta
Published: January 2022

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, alongside original plays, Iberian playwrights produced translations, adaptations, and other forms of textual appropriation. Within this corpus, the sub-genre of short farces (‘entremezes’) is still largely unknown, but it presents a fruitful field for the intersection of Iberian studies and theatre translation studies. By demonstrating the complex nature of the (inter)relations between the Spanish Entremés del valiente (1691) and the Portuguese Entremez do soldado valentão (1773)/‘Entremez do Pinalvo’ (undated manuscript), this chapter revisits an understudied area of the history of Iberian theatre translation. It contributes to the understanding that the Iberian interliterary system is ‘more than the sum of its parts’ (Resina 2013), and that (historical) Portuguese–Spanish rivalry ultimately promoted the creation, domestication, appropriation, and manipulation of theatrical products in order to affirm different cultural identities.
The 1919 Mutinies in the French Armed Forces
Authors: Perry Matt
Published: January 2022

1919 was a global moment of both the remaking of empire, not least the French empire, and a powerful contentious surge from below in metropolitan as well as colonial settings. During the Great War, the French Empire drew on what General Mangin called the ‘la force noire’ of colonial labour and troops to fill the factories and the trenches. As the war continued in the East after Armistice with Allied intervention against the fledgling Soviet Republic, a wave of army and naval mutinies undermined French efforts to topple the new regime. Using mutineer testimony, this paper considers their attitudes to class, military authority and ethnicity. This neglected imperial and colonial dimension of the revolt complicates our understanding of events that became the foundation myth of the French Communist Party, 'glorious hours' in which French military service personnel apparently fraternised with Russian workers in the spirit of internationalism. Not only was there a mutiny of colonial troops themselves in Siberia but also the French military authorities instrumentalised ethnic divisions to suppress the mutinies. Viewed more broadly, this French connection with the Russian Revolution was crucial to the remaking of the French left, feeding into the Congress of Tours the following year, and setting terms of debate for the left’s relationship with the colonial question.
Women as Peacemakers
Authors: Hellawell Sarah
Published: January 2022

In May 1919, 147 members of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) met in Zurich to discuss the issues of war, peace and international relations. Their meeting coincided with the publication of the post-war peace terms. As a result, WILPF was the first international association to outline its criticism of the Treaty of Versailles. The conference resolved that the Treaty would ‘create all over Europe discords and animosities, which can only lead to future wars’. A group of WILPF delegates travelled from Switzerland to France to lobby the male politicians at Versailles, attempting to make the voice of women heard at the peace table. This chapter will examine the proceedings of the Zurich Conference and WILPF’s attempts to shape the peace process after the Great War. Many members were active suffragists and were committed to the campaign for female citizenship. The association’s pacifism was linked to its feminism and concerns for social justice and equality. Moreover, WILPF had been an early advocate of a ‘Society of Nations’. In 1919 the association urged negotiators to incorporate its ‘Woman’s Charter’ within the Covenant of the League of Nations to secure equality in the post-war era. Although all positions within the League of Nations were open to men and women on equal terms, women remained marginalised in the international political sphere during the interwar years. This chapter will explore WILPF’s efforts to increase the representation of women in politics, particularly in relation to the issues of peace and international relations. In so doing, this chapter will highlight the significant role that women played in the peace negotiations and foundation of the League of Nations in 1919.
Nationalism and Revolution
Authors: Trudell Megan
Published: January 2022

This chapter is on the experience of soldiers and veterans in Italy in 1919, with particular focus on those who volunteered to join Gabriele D’Annunzio’s occupation of Fiume. The seizure of the city was carried out in opposition to the Italian government and the Allies, and the ensuing regime crystallised many of the profound transformations in social power and relationships in Europe. A critical moment for the Italian state, it can also be regarded as an – inherently transnational – microcosm of the complicated patchwork of revolution and counter-revolution, civil war, anti-colonial movements, industrial unrest, demobilisation, nationalism and reaction that shook Europe between 1917-23. An examination of how these post-war changes were internalised and expressed by soldiers and veterans in their own words and through their actions provides insights into the nature of Italy’s post-war crisis and into veteran subjectivities. This case study investigates, through collective biographies, the mosaic of identifications of the soldiers and volunteers who joined the expedition, illustrating the fluidity of mentalities. The D’Annunzian challenge to Wilsonianism occurred in a context of widespread land seizures, protests and food riots involving soldiers and veterans who were determined to reshape Italian society along more democratic and equitable lines. The occupation was both a result of and a response to these developments. This reflection on soldiers’ actions, ideas and beliefs considers their role in a near-revolutionary moment and complicates our understanding of the political, social and military violence in post-war Italy.
British Military Missions as Intermediaries between Western Europe and Lithuania in 1919 and the 1920s
Authors: Rukšėnienė Estela
Published: January 2022

The Versailles system, was thought to be the most suitable for the postwar Europe. However, the political decisions favoured by Great Britain or France, they were not necessarily the best ones for the Baltic Sea region. This chapter will examine the approach and activities of Western military missions which were sent to the Baltic region. Interestingly, the military missions were not restricted to purely military affairs and had actively carried out other important diplomatic and political tasks related to the security and stability of the Baltic region. They also were acting as intermediaries between Western Europe and Baltic States, which I would like to cover in my chapter.
This chapter focuses upon the British military missions in Lithuania to reveal the viewpoints of both sides and to evaluate the benefits and risks for both Lithuania and Great Britain. The British Foreign Office, the War Office and the representatives of the Great Britain in the Paris Peace conference dispatched to the Baltic States four missions with different tasks and goals. These missions had to deal with the complicated military and political situation and the problems caused by the presence of the German troops. Military support and advice to the Baltic States were closely connected to the British economic interests and were also used as an ideological tool.
The German Revolution at War’s End
Authors: McElligott Anthony
Published: January 2022

This chapter considers the revolution that broke out in November 1918 in Germany that encompassed a naval and army mutiny, the spread of sailors, soldiers and workers’ councils across Germany and the declaration of the republic. The chapter assesses the contested readings of the German revolution on its centenary and tries to make sense of the event through the lens of contemporaries. In particular, amongst several other observes, it probes Alfred Döblin’s rich literary account of the revolution, an author most famed for Berlin Alexanderplatz (1929). At a conceptual level, the chapter analyzes the German revolution through a comparative typology: revolution of the people, revolution for the people, and revolution without the people. These three frames help to explain the contested meanings of, and uses to which, the revolution has been put. Rather than a singular revolution, then, the German Revolution was the sum of different understanding of revolution of both observers and participants.
Introduction
Authors: Wimbush Antonia
Published: January 2022

Offering an overview of the project’s aims and scope, the introductory chapter seeks to explore what exile signifies for a set of contemporary women authors whose origins lie in a geographically diverse cross-section of the francophone world. The chapter sets up an examination of how the six women writers from distinct geographic areas, but who are united by the legacy of French colonialism, depict the experience of migration, paying particular attention to their status as relatively privileged individuals. It considers the terms and vocabulary of migration in detail before examining the postcolonial strategies of resistance and resilience appropriated and challenged by the six authors. The chapter then outlines the metaphorical approach to exile taken throughout the book. Exile is understood as a sense of otherness, shaped by lived experiences of gender, race and class, amongst other factors.
Madagascar
Authors: Wimbush Antonia
Published: January 2022

Madagascan author Michèle Rakotoson differs considerably to the other five authors analysed in the book in terms of the motives of her exile: she is the only author who was forced to leave her birthland in 1983 for political reasons, to escape persecution because she actively opposed the authoritarian regime of President Didier Ratsiraka. Chapter Five discusses the political implications of her exile as expressed in Juillet au pays: chroniques d’un retour à Madagascar(2007), arguing that her initial exile from Madagascar to France and her return journeys arise because of her opposition to the political regime in power at that particular time. The narrative persona describes her experiences in terms of errance rather than exile, but, as this chapter demonstrates, these concepts display distinct overlaps regarding the sentiments of alienation and otherness they engender.
Conclusion
Authors: Wimbush Antonia
Published: January 2022

The book offers a succinct conclusion which summarises the originality of the arguments sustained throughout the study, namely a discussion of exile in light of gender. The principal contribution of the book is a more nuanced understanding of gendered exile which transcends geographic displacement and gives women a space to voice their specific experiences of exile through the medium of autofiction. In addition, the conclusion highlights the similarities in the projects of the six authors — primarily, the sustained focus on themes of childhood and adolescence and the investigation of the impacts of gender and patriarchy — and the differences. These differences include their relationship to the colonial language and the effects of war and conflict on their lived experiences of exile.
Epilogue
Authors: Aleksiun Natalia
Published: January 2022

This chapter recalls the emergence and dissemination of academic and popular writing of Polish Jewish history by university-trained Jewish historians in interwar Poland, tracing the development of the field from its early beginnings in the nineteenth century to the outbreak of the Second World War and the Holocaust. It discusses how Polish Jewish historians were driven by the hope that their work would have political implications beyond the Jewish community, by influencing Polish historical scholarship and Polish intellectual elites. In explaining the Jews and the so-called Jewish question to a Polish audience, national Jewish historians followed — without acknowledging it — in the footsteps of nineteenth-century integrationist authors. The chapter then highlights how they emphasized the Jewish connection to the country and the flourishing of Jewish culture in the periods of Poland's prosperity, and explores how they underlined the Jews' contribution to the country's economic development. The chapter looks at how historians played an active role in shaping the self-understanding of Jewish citizens of the Second Polish Republic into a decidedly Polish Jewish identity.
Introduction
Authors: Aleksiun Natalia
Published: January 2022

This chapter investigates the cohort of university-educated Polish Jewish historians active before the Holocaust: their lives and their self-conscious deployment of historical writing. The chapter situates the academic and popular work of these historians in the context of the time in which they lived, while resisting the impulse to understand and explain their experiences in the light of the tragic fate that befell many of them and their communities. Although focusing on this intellectual enterprise, the chapter extends beyond the academy and the world of historical scholarship to examine both scholarly and popular expressions of the importance of history to Polish Jewish culture in the 1920s and 1930s. It recounts the story of how, over the course of twenty years, a group of historians positioned themselves as politically engaged actors and turned their writing into a form of political engagement. Ultimately, the chapter engages in a conversation with a growing body of scholarship on the transformation of regional Jewish identities in the new political contexts that emerged in the late nineteenth century and extended to the Second World War. It seeks to retrieve the lost contours of a Jewish communal consciousness — one forged across numerous divisions.
Fine-scale abundance of rocky shore macroalgae species with distribution limits in NW Iberia in 2020/2021
Authors: Pereira Joana , Monteiro Catia , Seabra Rui , Lima Fernando
Published: January 2022

Climate change has been increasing at an unprecedented rate in the last decades. Warming has been causing a variety of impacts in marine ecosystems, including shifts in the geographical ranges of species. The North-western Iberian Peninsula coast is particularly interesting to study distribution shifts as it features a strong latitude thermal gradient, establishing a biogeographical transitional region where several cold- and warm-adapted species have their equatorward or poleward distributions. In the early 2000s, it appeared that while warm-water species were already responding to warming, cold-water species did not display a coherent response. It is now necessary to gather fresh data on the distribution of the same group of species to understand if current patterns of change confirm or deny those observed back then, which may give us important clues about the mechanisms setting species limits in the area.

This study aims at providing a fine-scale description of the occurrence of intertidal macroalgae species in the rocky shores of the North-western Iberian coast. Specifically, the spatial distribution and semi-quantitative abundance of 34 native and invasive species were assessed at 70 wave-exposed locations. This included 19 species of cold-water affinity, 10 species of warm-water affinity and 5 neutral species. When contrasted with historical observations, these new data can be used to quantify and map biodiversity change in the region, as well as help understanding the mechanisms constraining species distributions.
Animist Time and the White Anthropocene
Authors: Allen-Paisant Jason
Published: January 2022

This article considers the Western civilisational ethos of the human person as an ethos of mastery with respect to the natural world. The age of climate disaster has begun to turn this ethos into an object for thought, as is evidenced by an increasing number of eco-poetic and eco-philosophical
writings and reflections that seek to re-think or un-think prevailing Western construals of the human. My own entry point into the conversation is through Afro-diasporic knowledge systems that evidence construals of the human being not rooted in the Western paradigm of the individual. I ask
how such knowledge systems help us to achieve a necessary thought revolution with respect to the current dangers of our technological civilisation (particularly climate disaster and capitalist extractivism). I emphasise the fact that animist thinking systems have for centuries, due to the
violences of modernity, existed in a parallel space and time to what I call 'capitalist time' and propose that the failures and crises of Western industrial/technological civilisation warrant renewed examinations of their benefits in human living practices.
From the Analysis of Animism to The Practice of Animacy As Politics
Authors: West-Pavlov Russell
Published: January 2022

This article takes cognisance of the growing awareness of the ineluctable connectedness of planetary existence, contrasting this with a persistent tendency to reflect upon political agency in ways that separate the non-human world out from human political actors. How can we overcome
this persistent separatism? The article turns to contemporary animist thought to seek a solution to this dilemma. The article begins by acknowledging the difficulty of the problem, demonstrating how, paradoxically, separatist thought contaminates even the very impulse to integrate animism
into a politicised version of the humanities. It then seeks resolutions of such powerful containments of animist thought by proposing a number of tentative resolutions of the aporia that dog the task of developing a more inclusive politics from the respective fields of the new materialism,
vitalism or animism.
L’industrie de la télévision
Authors: Rebillard Franck , Noûs Camille
Published: January 2022

Prenant appui sur les articles composant le dossier Télévision : industries et programmes, ce texte de présentation revient plus généralement sur les principales évolutions socio-économiques traversant la filière depuis le début du XXI e  siècle. Sont ainsi passées en revue la logique de groupe accompagnant la multiplication des chaînes avec la télévision numérique terrestre (TNT) ; les stratégies attenantes de programmation de type narrowcasting puisant dans les formats transnationaux de séries et de télé-réalité ; le renforcement de la tendance à l’externalisation de la production, variant toutefois selon les types de programmes ; la polyvalence des tâches incombant aux personnels journalistiques comme artistiques et devant composer avec une emprise de la technique s’étendant jusqu’aux publics. Le tout dessine un double mouvement de fragmentation et de recomposition pour la filière de la télévision, bousculée de façon plus globale par l’environnement numérique.
Légitimité parentale et idéal de résistance aux écrans
Authors: Balleys Claire
Published: January 2022

Cet article s’intéresse aux postures et aux relations parentales face aux usages des écrans dans la famille. À partir des résultats d’une enquête croisant systématiquement les discours et les perceptions des enfants comme des parents, vis-à-vis des usages de chaque membre des 15 familles rencontrées, nous montrons comment les pratiques numériques et leurs perceptions sont au cœur d’enjeux de distinction pour les parents. Alors que les usages juvéniles des écrans et leur régulation parentale sont beaucoup étudiés, nous proposons un double déplacement : 1. Mettre à jour l’inscription de la médiation parentale numérique dans les normes contemporaines de la « bonne parentalité », ce qui implique de l’étudier sous l’angle des appartenances sociales de la classe et du genre, et 2. Mettre à jour les usages des adultes et leurs perceptions, c’est-à-dire les agacements, crispations et conflits qu’ils alimentent au sein des couples et entre ex-conjoints. C’est donc sur l’axe horizontal de la socialisation parentale et conjugale que l’argument est construit, afin de montrer comment les discours sur la place des écrans dans les familles sont des marqueurs d’appartenances identitaire et sociale. Parler des usages, c’est opérer un travail de légitimation (de soi) ou au contraire de dénigrement (des autres), en fonction de sa position dans un système social stratifié et genré.
Optimal organ allocation policy under blood‐type barriers with the donor‐priority rule
Authors: Kim Jaehong , Li Mengling
Published: January 2022

Shortages in organs for transplantation have resulted in a renewed interest in designing incentive policies to promote organ supply. The donor‐priority rule, which grants priority for transplantation based on deceased organ donor registration status, has proven to be effective in both theory and practice. This study investigates the implications of the donor‐priority rule for optimal deceased organ allocation policy design under a general formulation of blood‐type barriers. We find that for any blood typing and organ matching technology, reserving type X organs for only type X patients maximizes the aggregate donation rate under regular distributions, which also ensures equity in organ sharing. Moreover, this is the unique optimal allocation policy if and only if the directed compatibility graph that corresponds to a given organ matching technology is acyclic.
Analysis of Factors Affecting User Willingness to Use Virtual Online Education Platforms
Authors: Shen Xiaogai , Liu Jianli
Published: January 2022

With the growing recognition and acceptance of virtual online education, more and more educational institutions are switching from offline business to online business. However, users differ in their willingness to use virtual online education platforms. This paper explores the factors affecting user willingness to use such platforms, laying a theoretical basis for promoting virtual online education. The main findings are as follows: college students are positive and in favor of extracurricular learning; the students’ demand for online learning contents varies with gender, grade, and major; the long-term willingness to use depends on perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and perceived switching cost, of which the last factor is the key contributor to increasing user resistance; the long-term willingness to use online education platforms is influenced by perceived usefulness, expected confirmation, content quality, service quality, system quality, satisfaction, and perceived switching cost, etc.
Influence of Self-efficacy Improvement on Online Learning Participation
Authors: Geng Li
Published: January 2022

More and more online learning apps are emerging, thanks to the development of Internet plus education and online learning platforms. Learning efficacy is the leading impactor of online learning participation. To avoid inefficiency and poor effect of online learning, it is necessary to explore the theory on the relationship between self-efficacy improvement and online learning participation. This paper examines the influence of self-efficacy improvement on online learning participation. Firstly, a general normal distribution map was drawn for self-efficacy. Then, a prediction model was established for participation based on the series of online learning behaviors. In addition, the k-means clustering (KMC) algorithm was optimized by information entropy, and the flow of the improved KMC was explained. The proposed model was proved valid through experiments.
IL-23 Promotes Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Bacterial Clearance in a Mouse Model of Alcohol and Burn Injury
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Luck Marisa E , Herrnreiter Caroline J , Cannon Abigail R , Choudhry Mashkoor A
Published: January 2022

Our previous studies have shown that ethanol intoxication combined with burn injury increases intestinal bacterial growth, disrupts the intestinal barrier, and enhances bacterial translocation. Additionally, studies show that Th17 effector cytokines IL-17 and IL-22, which are dependent on IL-23, play important roles in maintaining intestine mucosal barrier integrity. Recent findings suggest neutrophils are a significant source of IL-17 and IL-22. We determined the effect of ethanol and burn injury on neutrophil IL-17 and IL-22 production, as well as their ability to phagocytose and in bacterial clearance, and whether these effects are modulated by IL-23. Mice were given ethanol 4 h prior to receiving ∼12.5% total body surface area burn and were euthanized day 1 after injury. We observed that intoxication combined with burn injury significantly decreases blood neutrophil phagocytosis and bacteria killing, as well as their ability to produce IL-17 and IL-22, compared with sham vehicle mice. The treatment of neutrophils with rIL-23 significantly increases IL-22 and IL-17 release and promotes expression of IL-23R, retinoic acid–related orphan receptor γt, Lipocalin2, and Nod-like receptor 2 following ethanol and burn injury. Furthermore, IL-22– and IL-17–producing neutrophils have enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation and bacterial killing ability, which are dependent on IL-23. Finally, although we observed that peritoneal neutrophils harvested after casein treatment are functionally different from blood neutrophils, both blood and peritoneal neutrophils exhibited the same response to rIL-23 treatment. Together these findings suggest that IL-23 promotes neutrophil IL-22 and IL-17 production and their ability to kill bacteria following ethanol and burn injury.
Comparative efficacy of interferential therapy, bronchodilators, and body positioning on asthma control and quality of life of patients with bronchial asthma: A study protocol
Authors: Awolola Oladejo Eniola , Maharaj Sooknunan Sonill
Published: January 2022

Interferential Therapy (IFT) is the application of two medium frequency currents to the skin to stimulate and activate different systems in the body using specific frequencies and frequency ranges. The aim in applying IFT is to reduce myalgia in the chest and upper back, reduce muscular fatigue, and induce mucus expectoration. This study is designed to test the efficacy of IFT in reducing the symptoms frequently experienced by patients with bronchial asthma. Forty-eight (48) patients aged 18 and above with bronchial asthma attending the respiratory clinic at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja (LASUTH) will be assessed for eligibility. The study design will be a double-blinded, randomized control trial with four intervention groups and four parallel placebo control groups. IFT will be administered as an intervention to patients on short and longacting bronchodilators in an assigned fundamental body position for 20 minutes. Six continuous outcome variables at different points will be utilized as outcome measures. A baseline Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) will be conducted on entry into the study while quality of life and asthma control will be evaluated every two (2) weeks during the study. Data obtained will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics of repeated ANOVA; P<0.05. The study outcome will compare the efficacy of IFT on bronchial asthma, identify its effect in different body positions, and compare the relationship between its application and the bronchodilator medication frequently used by the patients.
Public utility or places of experiment? The reality of the asylum
Authors: Caputo Carmine
Published: January 2022

The intention of this paper is to provide the most thorough overview of what concerns the reality of the asylum, through different types of analysis, in order to outline a detailed historical, political, health and cultural picture of the phenomenon. The historical and socio-psychological analysis in the paper traces the stages of the stigma of the "insane" (since antiquity, in fact, insanity and diversity have been two of the most unknown and frequent problems in the history of mankind) from the Middle Ages to the present day, a very long period of time in which there have been more and more interpretations on the subject; suffice it to say that now we speak of "mental illness", while years ago the mentally ill person was referred to by most as "crazy", a victim of insanity, an incurable disease. Following the analysis is carried out from a social and political point of view with a focus on the darkest and hidden aspects of asylums "Goffmanian" defined as "total institutions". In this sense, the work will focus on the various controversies and protests that have taken place over the years, and on the consequent laws taken on the subject, up to the Basaglia Law of 1978. It will also examine the internal organization of asylums, their structure bare and free of disturbing elements for patients, the training practices of staff, without of course neglecting the condition, the day type of patients and especially the "special treatments" reserved for patients. The flagship of this work is an interview with a former nurse from the largest asylum in Italy, the Mombello asylum, which aims to collect a testimony as it can be direct, engaging and above all not devoid of empirical references.