bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction in the duration of postoperative fever following NUSS surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jia An , Qiang Wang , Zhuoga Deqin , Di Yu , Zhaocong Yang , Xuming Mo
Published: September 2023

Background

Our study aimed to compare the prevalence of postoperative fever during the COVID-19 pandemic period with that of the preceding non-pandemic period.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with pectus excavatum (PE) undergoing minimally invasive repair (also called NUSS procedure) at Nanjing Children’s Hospital from January 1, 2017 to March 1, 2019 (Group 2019), and from January 1, 2020 to March 1, 2021 (Group 2021). Data from a total of 284 patients, consisting of 200 (70.4%) males and 84 (29.6%) females with an average age of 9.73 ± 3.41 (range, 4 to 17) years, were collected. The presence of post-operative fever (defined as a forehead temperature of 37.5℃ or above within 72 h post-surgery), as well as the time of operation, duration of postoperative mechanical ventilator and urinary catheter use, and length of hospitalization were all assessed in admitted patients from Group 2019 (n = 144) and Group 2021 (n = 140). Postoperative white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and prevalence of postoperative complications (i.e., pneumothorax, pulmonary atelectasis, pneumonia, wound infection, and dehiscence) were also determined.

Result

Our results showed a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of postoperative fever within 24 to 72 h of surgery in patients admitted from Group 2019 as compared to Group 2021 (p < 0.001), as well as a decrease in peak body temperature within 72 h (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed in age and body mass index (BMI), time of operation, or duration of postoperative mechanical ventilator and urinary catheter use between the two groups (p > 0.05). The average hospitalization length of Group 2021 was significantly shorter than Group 2019 (12.49 ± 2.57 vs. 11.85 ± 2.19 days, p < 0.05). Furthermore, while the WBC count between the two groups 24 h after surgery showed a statistical difference (p < 0.05), no differences in CRP levels or the incidence of postoperative complications were observed (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The prevalence of postoperative fever within 72 h of surgery and the length of hospital stay for patients with PE undergoing NUSS surgery were both decreased in Group 2021. We propose that the above phenomenon may be related to increased used of personal protection equipment (such as surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs)) by physicians, nurses, and the patients themselves.
Receptor conversion and survival in breast cancer liver metastases
Authors: Sundén Marcus , Norgren Sofia , Lundqvist Robert , Andersson Anne , Sund Malin , Hemmingsson Oskar
Published: September 2023

Background

Breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) is a common cause of breast cancer-related death. The prognostic and predictive value of receptor expression and St Gallen classification is challenged by receptor status discordance in distant metastases. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of receptor conversion from breast cancer to BCLM and the impact on survival.

Method

Patients registered with BCLM in two Swedish national cancer registers were recruited retrospectively. Data on receptor expression in primary breast cancer and BCLM were collected, as well as information about predictive factors for survival. The rate of receptor and subtype conversion was analyzed. A Cox regression model was used to investigate predictive factors for survival.

Results

A cohort of 132 patients with BCLM was identified. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and HER2 converted in 17, 33 and 10%, respectively. PgR was lost in BCLM while 8/10 HER2 conversions went from negative to positive. The BC subtype was re-classified in 21% of the BCLM. Median survival after BCLM was 13 months and HER2 amplification was associated with improved survival (HR 0.28 CI 0.085–0.90). The highest predictive value (Harrell´s C-index) was obtained when including both BC and BCLM status.

Conclusions

Receptor and subtype conversions are common in BCLM, and a liver biopsy is warranted to tailor BCLM treatment. HER2 amplification is associated with improved survival in a BCLM cohort.
MicroRNA-989 targets 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor1 to regulate ovarian development and eggs production in Culex pipiens pallens
Authors: Zheng Junnan , Xu Jingwei , Zhang Ruiming , Du Jiajia , Wang Huan , Li Jinze , Zhou Dan , Sun Yan , Shen Bo
Published: September 2023

Background

Female mosquitoes need a blood meal after mating for their eggs to develop, and this behavior leads to the spread of pathogens. Therefore, understanding the molecular regulation of reproduction in female mosquitoes is essential to control mosquito vector populations. In this study, we reported that microRNA-989 (miR-989), which targets5-HTR1(encoding secreted5-hydroxytryptamine receptor1), is essential for mosquito reproduction.

Methods

The spatiotemporal expression profile of miR-989 was detected using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). miR-989 antagomirs and antagomir-negative control (NC) were designed and synthesized to knock down the expression of endogenous miR-989 in female mosquitoes. RNA sequencing was used to analyze the ovarian response to miR-989 deletion. The targets of miR-989 were predicted and confirmed using RNAhybrid and dual-luciferase assays.

Results

miR-989 is exclusively expressed in female mosquito ovaries and responds to blood feeding. Injection of the miR-989 antagomir resulted in smaller ovaries and reduced egg production.5-HTR1was demonstrated as a target of miR-989. The deletion of miR-989 contributed to the upregulation of5-HTR1expression. Knockdown of5-HTR1rescued the adverse egg production caused by miR-989 silencing. Thus, miR-989 might play an essential role in female reproduction by targeting5-HTR1.

Conclusions

We found that miR-989 targets5-HTR1and participates in the regulation of reproduction in female mosquitoes. These findings expand our understanding of reproduction-related miRNAs and promote new control strategies for mosquitoes.

Graphical Abstract
Modelling porcine NAFLD by deletion of leptin and defining the role of AMPK in hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Tan Tan , Song Zhiyuan , Li Wenya , Wang Runming , Zhu Mingli , Liang Zuoxiang , Bai Yilina , Wang Qi , Wu Hanyu , Hu Xiaoxiang , Xing Yiming
Published: September 2023

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent cause of chronic hepatic disease and results in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which progresses to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Although the Leptin deficient rodent models are widely used in study of metabolic syndrome and obesity, they fail to develop liver injuries as in patients.

Methods

Due to the high similarity with humans, we generated Leptin-deficient (Leptin−/−) pigs to investigate the mechanisms and clinical trials of obesity and NAFLD caused by Leptin.

Results

The Leptin−/− pigs showed increased body fat and significant insulin resistance at the age of 12 months. Moreover, Leptin−/− pig developed fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis with age. Absence of Leptin in pig reduced the phosphorylation of JAK2-STAT3 and AMPK. The inactivation of JAK2-STAT3 and AMPK enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation and leaded to mitochondrial autophagy respectively, and both contributed to increased oxidative stress in liver cells. In contrast with Leptin−/− pig, although Leptin deletion in rat liver inhibited JAK2-STAT3 phosphorylation, the activation of AMPK pathway might prevent liver injury. Therefore, β-oxidation, mitochondrial autophagy and hepatic fibrosis did not occurred in Leptin−/− rat livers.

Conclusions

The Leptin-deficient pigs presents an ideal model to illustrate the full spectrum of human NAFLD. The activity of AMPK signaling pathway suggests a potential target to develop new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.
Residual energy maximization for NOMA-enabled UAV-assisted data collection network: trajectory optimization and resource allocation
Authors: Du Yu , Guo Yijun , Hao Jianjun , Zhu Hao
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we concentrate on a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-enabled UAV data collection network for Internet of Things devices (IoTDs), where a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is deployed as an aerial base station. During its flight period, the UAV can collect data from IoTDs and take advantage of the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer technology to charge the batteries of IoTDs. With the aid of NOMA, spectrum efficiency has been improved. We aim to prolong the lifetime of the IoT network, via jointly optimizing the UAV trajectory, the time allocation for information communication and wireless power transfer, the IoTDs’ transmit power, as well as the IoTDs’ group scheduling for NOMA. Then, we use the block coordinate decent and successive convex approximation techniques to tackle the non-convexity of the formulated problem. Numerical results show that the proposed solution increases the residual energy of the IoTDs, thus prolonging the lifetime of the network.
Infrared spectroscopy reveals the reactivity of fatty acids on copper surfaces and its implications for cultural heritage objects
Authors: Boyatzis Stamatis C. , Fragkos-Livanios Leonidas , Giannoulaki Maria , Filopoulou Anna
Published: September 2023

The reactivities of various fatty monoacids and diacids on copper metal-containing surfaces were investigated through reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy. The formation of copper carboxylates is detected on pure copper surfaces, while copper and zinc carboxylates are simultaneously formed on brass surfaces. Following the decrease of acid carbonyl and the formation of carboxylate infrared bands, it is shown that fatty monoacids C8 and C10 react with clean/polished copper and its zinc alloy within 2–4 h, while those with chains > C12 react within days. At the end of the processes, only the corresponding metal carboxylates are detected in all cases. An explanation for the above is offered on a molecular mobility and acidity basis, where the lower monoacids (liquids in room temperature), also having lower pKa values, favor higher reaction rates. Furthermore, it is argued that longer-chain fatty monoacids, when deposited from their solutions, allow for favorable orientation resulting in self-assembled monolayer-type molecular packing on the copper surface, which may additionally rationalize the slower reaction. Interestingly, fatty diacids do not form any carboxylate products under the same conditions, as it is argued that their molecules may efficiently pack as self-assembled multilayers on copper and ultimately protect it. The possible implications of the fatty monoacid and diacid behavior on the archaeological organic residues level and regarding the stability of copper alloys are discussed.
Response of aurora candidates in the Chinese official histories to the space climate during 511–1876
Authors: Lee Po-Han , Liu Jann-Yenq
Published: September 2023

Continuous observations at specified locations and chronicling of astronomical phenomena provide a good opportunity to study ancient space weather. There are 248 white, 125 red, and 44 blue color aurora-like descriptions, also known as aurora candidates, recorded in Chinese official historical records during the 1365-year period of 511–1876. Qualitative descriptions of the color, location, and appearance time of these candidates are quantitatively denoted. The red, white, and blue aurora candidates occurred most frequently 34% in autumn, 32% in summer, and 49% in summer, respectively. The white and red aurora as well as the overall candidates tend to appear during high solar activity periods. By contrast, the blue candidates frequently occur during low solar activity periods. Statistical results with 90% confidence intervals further show that the relationship between solar activities and overall/red (white/blue) aurora candidates is significant (insignificant). The red aurora candidates that frequently occurred in autumn during the periods of high solar activity agree well with those of low/middle latitude auroras, while the white aurora candidates might be confounded by noctilucent clouds or other atmospheric optical events, such as airglows, moon halo, etc. The study of ancient space weather/climate based on historical records shows that aurora occurrences are related to solar activities, and in particular, red auroras frequently appear in low/middle latitudes during high solar activity periods.

Graphical Abstract
Extra-short implants (≤ 6.5 mm in length) in atrophic and non-atrophic sites to support screw-retained full-arch restoration: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Eguia Asier , Alkhraisat Mohammad Hamdan
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Increasing scientific evidence support extending the application of short dental implants to non-atrophic dental arches. The purpose of this study has been the evaluation of extra-short implants (≤ 6.5 mm in length) that were placed in atrophic and non-atrophic anatomical sites to support the same prosthesis.

Methods

For that, a retrospective study was conducted by including complete dentures that were solely supported by extra-short implants in the maxilla and/or the mandible. Clinical data about patients, implants, anatomy, and prosthesis were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed to assess implant- and prosthesis-survival, changes in the marginal bone level and prosthetic complications.

Results

A total of 87 implants in 15 screw-retained complete dentures were assessed. None of the prostheses nor the extra-short implant failed during the follow-up of 27.2 ± 15.4 months. The changes in the mesial and distal marginal bone level were + 0.15 ± 0.51 mm and + 0.11 ± 0.50 mm, respectively. Comparing the implants according to the availability of sufficient bone to place longer implants, indicated the absence of significant differences in the changes of the mesial marginal bone level. However, the changes in the distal marginal bone level showed a statistically significant difference in favor of implants that were placed in non-atrophic sites. Two events of screw loosening were reported that were resolved by retightening the screws.

Conclusions

Implant- and prosthesis-related outcomes support the use of extra-short implants in atrophic and non-atrophic site to support complete prosthesis.

Graphical Abstract
Investigating the influence of visuospatial stimuli on driver’s speed perception: a laboratory study
Authors: Köhler Anna-Lena , Klatt Maren , Koch Iring , Ladwig Stefan
Published: September 2023

Driving at an inappropriate speed is a major accident cause in the EU. Understanding the underlying sensory mechanisms can help to reduce speed and increase traffic safety. The present study investigated the effect of visuospatial stimuli on speed perception using an adaptive countermeasure to speeding based on a manipulation of optic flow. We added red lights on both sides of a simulated road. We expected speed to be perceived as faster when lights moved toward drivers due to increased optic flow, whereas we expected static light stimuli to not alter the optic flow and thus not influence speed perception. Two experiments applied the method of constant stimuli. To this end, participants encountered several trials of two video sequences on a straight road. A reference sequence showed the same traveling speed while test sequences varied around different traveling speeds. Participants indicated which sequence they perceived as faster, leading to the calculation of the point of subjective equality (PSE). A lower PSE indicates that the speed in this experimental condition is perceived as faster than in another experimental condition. Experiment 1A did not show a difference between PSEs of static and oncoming lights. Because participants had counted reflector posts for speed estimation, we removed these reflector posts in Experiment 1B and found a lower PSE for oncoming lights. Thus, such light stimuli may have an effect only in situations without other competing visual stimuli supporting speed perception. Future research should investigate whether speed perception is indeed a primarily visuospatial control task or whether other sensory information such as auditory factors can have an influence as well.
Effects of metformin on fibroblast growth factor 21 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: faraway but so close
Authors: Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Jabir Majid S. , Albukhaty Salim
Published: September 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia. The development of inflammatory disorders in T2DM triggers the activation of different growth factors as a compensatory mechanism to reduce IR and adipose tissue dysfunction in T2DM. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) which is involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis is attractive to be a novel therapeutic target in the management of T2DM. FGF21 has poor pharmacokinetic profile as it rapidly degraded; therefore, FGF21 analogs which are more stable can be used in T2DM patients. However, FGF21 analogs are tested pre-clinically but not approved in clinical settings. Therefore, searching for anti-diabetic agents who enhance FGF21 expression is mandatory. It has been shown that metformin which used as a first-line in the management of T2DM can positively affect the expression of FGF21, though the underlying mechanisms for metformin-induced FGF21 expression are not fully elucidated. Therefore, this review from published studies aimed to find how metformin improves insulin sensitivity through FGF21-dependent pathway in T2DM. In conclusion, metformin improves FGF21 signaling in T2DM, and this could be a novel mechanism for metformin in the amelioration of glucose homeostasis and metabolic disorders in T2DM patients.
Angiofibroma of the maxillary sinus mimicking mucocele: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Cheah Siew Chung , Lim Eng Haw , Japar Rohaizam , Jais Murni Hartini , Mohamad Irfan
Published: September 2023

Background

Angiofibroma is a rare, histologically benign but locally aggressive vascular tumour that typically arises within the nasopharynx. Angiofibroma in sites other than the nasopharynx is extremely uncommon. Despite the histological similarities, the clinical features of this tumour are very much different from the typical nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and pose a diagnostic challenge, hence emphasizing the importance of a thorough evaluation and high index of suspicion in establishing the correct diagnosis.

Case presentation

A 25-year-old gentleman presented with progressive right nasal blockage and intermittent nasal discharge for 3 years duration. He was clinically and radiologically diagnosed as a mucocele. Surgical excision was done via endoscopic medial maxillectomy with complete relief of all the symptoms.

Conclusion

Although uncommon, angiofibroma can occur outside the nasopharynx. Therefore, thorough evaluation and a high index of suspicion are crucial in establishing the correct diagnosis.
A comprehensive evaluation of adverse childhood experiences, social–emotional impairments, and neurodevelopmental disorders in cannabis-use disorder: Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Trovini Giada , Amici Emanuela , Bauco Piergiorgio , Matrone Marta , Lombardozzi Ginevra , Giovanetti Valeria , Kotzalidis Georgios D. , De Filippis Sergio
Published: September 2023

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), social–emotional impairments (SEIs), and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) are frequent in psychiatric disorders, including substance-use disorders. We aimed to determine the prevalence of ACE, SEI, or ND in individuals with cannabis-use disorder (CUD). We compared individuals with preCUD-onset ACE, SEI, or ND to those without.

Methods

We crosssectionally studied 323 inpatients or outpatients with a history of past or current CUD, aged 12–35 years (mean age 22.94 ± 4.79), 64.5% of whom were male. The sample was divided into two groups: the non-premorbid (N = 52) and the premorbid ACE/SEI/ND group (N = 271). Within the premorbid group, further subgroups were based on ACEs, SEI, and NDs. We also analyzed other substance use and psychiatric symptoms/diagnoses based on the non-premorbid-premorbid dichotomy in the CUD sample.

Results

Pre-CUD ACE-SEI-ND had higher prevalence of bipolar, schizoaffective, borderline personality, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, and a history of agitation, hallucinations, and self-injury. The ACE group had higher rates of agitation, depression, delusions, hallucinations, eating disorders, and use of cocaine, amphetamines, and hallucinogens than the SEI or ND. Patients in the premorbid group initiated cannabis use at an earlier age, experienced the first comorbid psychiatric episode earlier, and were hospitalized earlier than those in the non- premorbid ACE-SEI-ND group.

Conclusions

PreCUD-onset ACE, SEI, or ND conditions in individuals with CUDare linked to earlier onset of comorbid mental illness. Furthermore, ACEs contribute to significant and potentially severe clinical symptoms, as well as the use of substances other than cannabis.
Perioperative Autonomic Dysfunction in a Patient With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Maroun Wissam , Abi Shadid Carol , Fayed Mohamed , Foz Carine , Beresian Jean , Oseili Ahmad
Published: September 2023

Autonomic dysfunction can lead to unexpected hemodynamic instability during surgery, and best practices for the perioperative care of patients with this condition are not well-defined. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease who experienced perioperative autonomic dysfunction characterized by severe fluctuations in blood pressure while under spinal anesthesia. However, <1 month later, a second hip surgery performed under general anesthesia with special precautions resulted in an uncomplicated perioperative course, with only mild fluctuations in blood pressure.
Comparative Analysis of ActiGraph Step Counting Methods in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: TOTH LINDSAY , PALUCH AMANDA E. , BASSETT DAVID R. , REES-PUNIA ERIKA , EBERL ERIC M. , PARK SUSAN , EVENSON KELLY R.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The primary aim of this study was to compare steps per day across ActiGraph models, wear locations, and filtering methods. A secondary aim was to compare ActiGraph steps per day to those estimated by the ankle-worn StepWatch.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review to identify studies of adults published before May 12, 2022, that compared free-living steps per day of ActiGraph step counting methods and studies that compared ActiGraph to StepWatch. Random-effects meta-analysis compared ActiGraph models, wear locations, filter mechanisms, and ActiGraph to StepWatch steps per day. A sensitivity analysis of wear location by younger and older age was included.

Results

Twelve studies, with 46 comparisons, were identified. When worn on the hip, the AM-7164 recorded 123% of the GT series steps (no low-frequency extension (no LFE) or default filter). However, the AM-7164 recorded 72% of the GT series steps when the LFE was enabled. Independent of the filter used (i.e., LFE, no LFE), ActiGraph GT series monitors captured more steps on the wrist than on the hip, especially among older adults. Enabling the LFE on the GT series monitors consistently recorded more steps, regardless of wear location. When using the default filter (no LFE), ActiGraph recorded fewer steps than StepWatch (ActiGraph on hip 73% and ActiGraph on wrist 97% of StepWatch steps). When LFE was enabled, ActiGraph recorded more steps than StepWatch (ActiGraph on the hip, 132%; ActiGraph on the wrist, 178% of StepWatch steps).

Conclusions

The choice of ActiGraph model, wear location, and filter all impacted steps per day in adults. These can markedly alter the steps recorded compared with a criterion method (StepWatch). This review provides critical insights for comparing studies using different ActiGraph step counting methods.
Upper Limb Strength and Performance Deficits after Glenohumeral Joint Stabilization Surgery in Contact and Collision Athletes
Authors: FANNING EDEL , DANIELS KATHERINE , COOLS ANN , MULLETT HANNAN , DELANEY RUTH , MCFADDEN CIARAN , FALVEY EANNA
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The primary aim was to identify and quantify differences in interlimb asymmetry magnitudes across a battery of upper extremity strength and performance tests at 4 and 6 months after glenohumeral joint stabilization surgery shoulder stabilization in contact and collision athletes compared with an un-injured group. A secondary aim was to investigate if identified asymmetry magnitudes changed from 4 to 6 months after glenohumeral joint stabilization surgery. The third aim was to explore associations within the different performance and strength variables.

Methods

Fifty-six male contact and collision sport athletes who had had undergone unilateral glenohumeral joint stabilization were tested at 4 and 6 months after surgery. An un-injured control group (n = 39 for upper extremity performance tests, n = 47 for isokinetic dynamometry) were tested on a single occasion. Three upper extremity force platform-based performance tests and angle-specific concentric internal and external isokinetic shoulder rotational strength were assessed, and interlimb asymmetries were compared between the two groups.

Results

At 4 months after surgery, the glenohumeral joint stabilization group demonstrated significantly higher absolute interlimb asymmetry values than the un-injured group for almost all the performance test variables. In the ballistic upper-body performance tests, the glenohumeral joint stabilization group achieved only half the body elevation reached by the un-injured (counter-movement push-up jump height (η
2 = 0.50) and press-jump jump height (η
2 = 0.39)). At 6 months after surgery, absolute interlimb asymmetries reduced for the performance test variables, but some asymmetry persisted. The glenohumeral joint stabilization group had significantly greater absolute interlimb asymmetries for five out the eight isokinetic variables.

Conclusions

Contact and collision athletes who may be cleared to return to sport at 4 to 6 months after glenohumeral joint stabilization surgery shoulder stabilization continue to demonstrate upper limb strength and performance deficits when compared with their un-injured limb and their un-injured counterparts.
Rational design of eukaryotic riboswitches that up-regulate IRES-mediated translation initiation with high switching efficiency through a kinetic trapping mechanism in vitro
Authors: Takahashi Hajime , Fujikawa Masahiro , Ogawa Atsushi
Published: September 2023

In general, riboswitches functioning through a cotranscriptional kinetic trapping mechanism (kt-riboswitches) show higher switching efficiencies in response to practical concentrations of their ligand molecules than eq-riboswitches, which function by an equilibrium mechanism. However, the former have been much more difficult to design due to their more complex mechanism. We here successfully developed a rational strategy for constructing eukaryotic kt-riboswitches that ligand-dependently enhance translation initiation mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). This was achieved both by utilizing some predicted structural features of a highly efficient bacterial kt-riboswitch identified through screening and by completely decoupling an aptamer domain from the IRES. Three kt-riboswitches optimized through this strategy, each responding to a different ligand, exhibited three- to sevenfold higher induction ratios (up to ∼90) than previously optimized eq-riboswitches regulating the same IRES-mediated translation in wheat germ extract. Because the IRES used functions well in various eukaryotic expression systems, these types of kt-riboswitches are expected to serve as major eukaryotic gene regulators based on RNA. In addition, the present strategy could be applied to the rational construction of other types of kt-riboswitches, including those functioning in bacterial expression systems.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal, Neurological and Physical Disorder After COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mahmoud Hayam , Ebid Anwar , Alghamdi Mohammed , Ibrahim Abeer , Almoosa Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Background: The global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19 continues to attack all human systems. Although COVID-19 is a respiratory disease, various extra-pulmonary manifestations, including musculoskeletal and neuropathies/myopathies was reported. This study aimed to investigates the long-term impacts of COVID-19 infection on physical health, capability of daily life activities, musculoskeletal and neurological functions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: A total of 499 adults recovered from COVID-19 infection of both sexes, who resided in the KSA were recruited randomly and invited to participate in this cross-sectional web-based survey. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used as an instrument of data collection. All respondents returned the questionnaire. Their responses were recorded, stored into a Microsoft Excel sheet 2010 and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Percentages were used to convey descriptive data. The percentages were presented with a 95% confidence interval (CI). For statistical significance, a 0.05 p-value was used. Results: The overall prevalence of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders as follows: headache (63.1%), muscle ache or weakness (62.3%), vertigo (25%), concentration problems (21.8%), breathing troubles (20.4%), loss of balance (19.4%), seizure (1%), and Guillain-Barre Syndrome (0.6%). The results also revealed a significant association between the influence of COVID-19 infection and daily activities, gender and respiratory disorders. Conclusion: The findings highlighted and concluded that COVID-19 infection had an impact on respiratory, nervous, musculoskeletal systems and affect daily activities.
Assessment of kisspeptin and trappin level in Iraqi women with early pregnancy loss: a cross sectional study
Authors: Hasan Ali Alanbaki Noor , Hameed Abdullah Baydaa , Abdullkareem Wasan
Published: September 2023

Background: Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is a prevalent medical condition that can have significant and long-lasting impacts on an individual's life. At present, the determination of the feasibility of initial gestation is ascertained through the measurement of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations. Notwithstanding, an elevated hCG level in women during their initial trimester who exhibit bleeding does not constantly imply a sustainable pregnancy. Kisspeptin, a well-established regulator of maturation that is widely present in the placenta, represents a valuable biomarker for the assessment of miscarriages and placental dysfunction. The objective of this investigation was to ascertain key biomarkers (namely kisspeptin, trappin, and hCG) in females who have experienced a previous miscarriage.

Methods: The study included 90 participants, including 60 pregnant women having a history of abortion in the first trimester and 30 healthy individuals who attended Al Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital and Abu Ghraib Hospital Baghdad Governorate, and ranged in age from 18 to 38 years. Sera from all participants were tested to evaluate various research parameters.

Results: Trappin levels were less crucial to hCG than kisspeptin levels. The risk of miscarriage decreases as kisspeptin levels increase.

Conclusions: The development of a preliminary screening test aimed at identifying patients who are at risk of miscarriage could potentially offer benefits in terms of offering supplementary emotional assistance and continuation of medical care. Kisspeptin has been identified as a prospective indicator for placental performance. Kisspeptin exhibits potential as a biomarker for assessing the viability of pregnancy and holds promise for clinical utility in the development of a precise diagnostic tool for early pregnancy outcome prediction.
Assessment and comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of sickling and haemoglobin electrophoresis in haemolytic anaemia patients: A study protocol
Authors: Mungale Pratiksha Raju , Singh Chauhan Lokesh , Jagtap Miheer
Published: September 2023

The present protocol will compare haemoglobin electrophoresis with sickling test, evaluating sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value and negative predicted value of haemolytic anaemia patients. Haemoglobin electrophoresis is the confirmation test for sickle cell anaemia. Sickle cell anaemia is a type of haemolytic anaemia where red blood cells (RBC)’s biconcave form does not enable the best possible respiratory exchange. In haemolytic anaemia, EDTA is used to examine the peripheral smear stained with Giemsa stain. Peripheral smear shows polychromatic neutrophils, nucleated RBCs (Red blood cell) and fragmented RBCs. In haemolytic anaemia, patients have decreased haemoglobin (Hb) levels. In sickle cell disease (SCD), anaemia is brought about by a change in the DNA sequence of cells in the Hb beta-globin chain. Screening of the sickling test is done by using sodium metabisulfite to assess the shape of cells. Confirmation test of Hb electrophoresis on cellulose acetate paper uses band detection. This study will aim to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Hb electrophoresis with the sickling test utilizing quantifiable investigation. The effectiveness of sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predicted values, and overall course of action for the two techniques, Hb electrophoresis and sickling test, will be collected. This research will also give an overview of existing haemolytic anaemia literature.
Analysis of the stationarity and correlation of the global temperature and carbon dioxide time series
Authors: Rupassara Upul , Frantsvog Sarah , Holen Ashley , Robinson Karen
Published: September 2023

Background: The rapid and ongoing phenomenon of global warming has negatively

impacted both the Earth’s environment and its inhabitants. Time series and regression analysis techniques play a significant role in weather forecasting and the interpretation of climate data. One of the key characteristics of time series analysis

is stationarity.

Methods: In this article, we explore how detrending and differencing techniques can be used to transform the time series of global temperature and carbon dioxide into stationary series. Regression models and goodness of fit tests were used to examine the relationship between carbon dioxide and data on global temperature. A cross-correlation time series model is also used to assess those time series’ lagging

and leading characteristics.

Results: The study of data on global temperature anomalies indicates that detrending and differencing are helpful in transforming temperature time series into stationary time series. However, the first differencing and detrending methods do

not make the carbon dioxide time series stationary; instead, an alternate transformation is needed. Neither the carbon dioxide time series nor the global temperature time series lag or lead with regard to the cross-correlation function.

Conclusions: In this article, we looked into stationarity and some other topics associated with correlation in terms of data on CO2 and global temperature. Stationarity is one of the important properties to check before conducting a more thorough investigation of the time series. To transform a non-stationary time series into a stationary one, there are numerous techniques available. However, in this article, we

just pay attention to detrending and differencing and how those methods perform with respect to time series data for global temperature and carbon dioxide.
Prevalence and incidence of cancer amongst adults with intellectual disability — a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: McMahon Martin , Wormald Andrew , Eustace-Cook Jessica , McCarron Mary , McCallion Philip , Smith Valerie
Published: September 2023

Background: People with intellectual disabilities have poorer health and die earlier than their peers without identified disabilities. This difference represents a significant inequality. Until recently, it was considered that cancer was less common in this population, mainly because they did not live long enough to develop age-related cancers. However, recent evidence has identified that people with intellectual disabilities may be at an increased risk of developing cancer but more likely to present for medical treatment at a later stage when cancer has spread. Nonetheless, the evidence is lacking and there is a need to understand the prevalence and incidence of cancer and subtypes of cancer in adults with intellectual disabilities. 

Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis will be undertaken to investigate the prevalence and incidence of cancer and subtypes of cancer in adults with an intellectual disability. The JBI Systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence and the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to develop this protocol. Electronic databases will be searched using predefined search terms to identify relevant studies using the Condition Context Population (CoCoPop) framework. Eligible studies should be observational and have published baseline data that have estimated or presented data on the prevalence or incidence of cancer in adults with intellectual disability. To assess the methodological quality of studies included in this review a modified version of the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data will be used. Prevalence and incidence proportions will be analysed separately with individual study data being pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird proportion method and a random effects meta-analysis will be undertaken. 

Discussion: This review will advance the epidemiological evidence to identify where targeted cancer care interventions are needed to help reduce the inequalities that this population experiences. 

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023423584
Investigating how the GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) framework is used in Clinical Guidelines: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Murray Ruairí , Sharp Melissa , Razidan Adriana , Hibbitts Ben , Ryan Máirín , Mahtani Kamal , Lynch Rosarie , Smith Susan , O'Neill Michelle , Schünemann Holger , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Munn Zachary , Clyne Barbara
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence to decision (EtD) framework provides a structured and transparent approach for clinical guideline developers to use when formulating recommendations. Understanding how stakeholders use the EtD framework will inform how best to provide future training and support. This scoping review objective is to identify the key characteristics of how the GRADE EtD framework is used and identify studies on perception of use by those involved in developing clinical guidelines.  

Methods: JBI methodology for scoping reviews will be followed. This scoping review will consider both peer review published literature and grey literature. This will include empirical studies on the use of EtDs (including both quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods primary research articles) and discussion papers/ commentaries on the experience of using the EtD. It will also include a random sample of publicly available populated EtDs identified from databases and repositories of GRADE guidelines. The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished documents. First, we will conduct an exploratory search of MEDLINE and Embase (Elsevier), supplemented with citation analysis of included articles. Populated EtDs will be identified through searches of databases and repositories of GRADE guidelines. Two researchers will independently screen, select, and extract identified documents. Data will be presented in tables and summarized descriptively. 

Conclusion: This scoping review will identify the key characteristics of how the GRADE EtD framework is currently being used in clinical guidelines. Review findings can be used to inform future guidance and requirements for using GRADE EtD, as well as training on how to consider the criteria in developing recommendations. Results will be disseminated through publications in peer – reviewed journals and conference presentations. We will present our findings to relevant stakeholders via the networks of the co-author team at a one-day workshop.
Engineering the thin film characteristics for optimal performance of superconducting kinetic inductance amplifiers using a rigorous modelling technique
Authors: Tan Boon-Kok , Boussaha Faouzi , Chaumont Christine , Longden Joseph , Navarro Montilla Javier
Published: September 2023

Background: Kinetic Inductance Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (KITWPAs) are a variant of superconducting amplifier that can potentially achieve high gain with quantum-limited noise performance over broad bandwidth, which is important for many ultra-sensitive experiments. In this paper, we present a novel modelling technique that can better capture the electromagnetic behaviour of a KITWPA without the translation symmetry assumption, allowing us to flexibly explore the use of more complex transmission line structures and better predict their performance.

Methods: In order to design a KITWPA with optimal performance, we investigate the use of different superconducting thin film materials, and compare their pros and cons in forming a high-gain low-loss medium feasible for amplification. We establish that if the film thickness can be controlled precisely, the material used has less impact on the performance of the device, as long as it is topologically defect-free and operating within its superconducting regime. With this insight, we propose the use of Titanium Nitride (TiN) film for our KITWPA as its critical temperature can be easily altered to suit our applications. We further investigate the topological effect of different commonly used superconducting transmission line structures with the TiN film, including the effect of various non-conducting materials required to form the amplifier.

Results: Both of these comprehensive studies led us to two configurations of the KITWPA: 1) A low-loss 100 nm thick TiN coplanar waveguide amplifier, and 2) A compact 50 nm TiN inverted microstrip amplifier. We utilise the novel modelling technique described in the first part of the paper to explore and investigate the optimal design and operational setup required to achieve high gain with the broadest bandwidth for both KITWPAs, including the effect of loss.

Conclusions: Finally, we conclude the paper with the actual layout and the predicted gain-bandwidth product of our KITWPAs.
The SquAd derivation: A Square Additive approach to the turbulent Prandtl number
Authors: Moreau Vincent
Published: September 2023

Liquid metals have been chosen as primary coolant of innovative nuclear systems under current development. They present a very high thermal conductivity and hence a very low molecular Prandtl number. This feature challenges the modeling of turbulent thermal flows applying the Reynolds analogy. This paper addresses this challenge. A new formula for the turbulent Prandtl number is derived in terms of local variables available from two-equations turbulence models. The derivation is a direct consequence of the expected square additivity of the molecular and flow parameters defining the effective viscosity and the effective conductivity. The formula does not degenerate and leads to a Kays like formulation if approximated. While constrained by the quality of the turbulent viscosity modeling, it has the potential to improve the numerical simulation of turbulent thermal flows.
THE STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF SUBJECTIVE CONTROL OF STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CULTURAL AND VALUE ORIENTATIONS
Authors: Vostokova Yulia I. , Dvornikova Irina N. , Shpyrkova Alyona S.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the level of subjective control of students with different types of cultural and value orientations. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the phenomenon of the level of subjective control determines the responsibility of an individual, the direction of his actions, which is especially significant for modern society during the period of mastering the profession. The formation of the level of subjective control of a personality is influenced by its individual typological features, upbringing, social environment and culture. Therefore, in order to build strategies to optimize the professional training of modern students, it is important to know their belonging to a particular culture.

The purpose of the article is to consider the specifics of the relationship between the level of subjective control of students with different types of cultural and value orientations.

Methods: questionnaire of USK J. Rotter’s adaptation by E.F. Bazhin, S.A. Golynkina, A.M. Etkind; test of cultural and value orientations by J.Townsend’s adaptation by L.G. Pochebut.

As a result of the research, students belong to three types of cultures: traditional, modern and dynamically developing.The features of the indicators of internality of students of each type of culture in different spheres (achievements, failures, family, industrial and family relations) are identified and analyzed. It is proved that belonging to the type of culture has a statistically significant effect on the level of subjective control of the individual.
EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS FOR THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF LEARNING DISABILITIES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Vasilieva Tatiana V. , Vasilev Gordei V.
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Learning disabilities are a common developmental disorder that affects a significant number of preschool children. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to improving the academic performance and quality of life of children with learning disabilities. However, modern diagnostic methods can be subjective, time-consuming, and costly. Machine learning algorithms can remove these limitations and provide a more accurate and efficient method for early diagnosis of learning disabilities in preschool children.

Method and methodology of the work. The research is based on methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization, and pedagogical experiment. Application of numerical methods for model training. The preschool children data set consisted of children with and without learning disabilities. The data sets were used in four machine-learning algorithms. The following metrics Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 score were used to evaluate the effectiveness of each algorithm.

Results. These results show that machine learning algorithms can be a powerful tool for early diagnosis of learning disabilities in preschool children. The logistic regression algorithm showed the highest results.

Conclusion. In conclusion, the use of machine learning algorithms for early diagnosis of learning disabilities in preschool children has high potential benefits, including early achievement, increased accuracy, cost-effectiveness, time savings, objective analysis, and accessibility to diagnosis. The authors plan to conduct additional studies to test their safety and use these algorithms.