bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CFGExplorer: Designing a Visual Control Flow Analytics System around Basic Program Analysis Operations
Authors: Devkota Sabin , Isaacs Katherine E.
Published: July 2018

To develop new compilation and optimization techniques, computer scientists frequently Consult program analysis artifacts such as Control flow graphs (CFGs) and traces of executed instructions. A CFG is a directed graph representing possible execution paths in a program. CFGs are commonly visualized as node‐link diagrams while traces are commonly viewed in raw text format. Visualizing and exploring CFGs and traces is challenging because of the complexity and specificity of the operations researchers perform. We present a design study where we collaborate with computer scientists researching dynamic binary analysis and compilation techniques. The research group primarily employs CFGs and traces to reason about and develop new algorithms for program optimization and parallelization. Through questionnaires, interviews, and a year‐long observation, we analyzed their use of visualization, noting that the tasks they perform match common subroutines they employ in their techniques. Based on this task analysis, we designed CFGExplorer, a visual analytics system that supports computer scientists with interactions that are integrated with the program structure. We developed a domain‐specific graph modification to generate graph layouts that reflect program structure. CFGExplorer incorporates structures such as functions and loops, and uses the correspondence between CFGs and traces to support navigation. We further augment the system to highlight the output of program analysis techniques, facilitating exploration at a higher level. We evaluate the tool through guided sessions and semi‐structured interviews as well as deployment. Our collaborators have integrated CFGExplorer into their workflow and use it to reason about programs, develop and debug new algorithms, and share their findings.
Illustrative Multivariate Visualization for Geological Modelling
Authors: Rocha A. , Mota R. C. R. , Hamdi H. , Alim U. R. , Costa Sousa M.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we present a novel illustrative multivariate visualization for geological modelling to assist geologists and reservoir engineers in visualizing multivariate datasets in superimposed representations, in contrast to the single‐attribute visualizations supported by commercial software. Our approach extends the use of decals from a single surface to 3D irregular grids, using the layering concept to represent multiple attributes. We also build upon prior work to augment the design and implementation of different geological attributes (namely, rock type, porosity, and permeability). More specifically, we propose a new sampling strategy to generate decals for porosity on the geological grid, a hybrid visualization for permeability which combines 2D decals and 3D ellipsoid glyphs, and a perceptually‐based design that allows us to visualize additional attributes (e.g., oil saturation) while avoiding visual interference between layers. Furthermore, our visual design draws from traditional geological illustrations, facilitating the understanding and communication between interdisciplinary teams. An evaluation by domain experts highlights the potential of our approach for geological modelling and interpretation in this complex domain.
A Survey of Flattening‐Based Medical Visualization Techniques
Authors: Kreiser J. , Meuschke M. , Mistelbauer G. , Preim B. , Ropinski T.
Published: July 2018

In many areas of medicine, visualization research can help with task simplification, abstraction or complexity reduction. A common visualization approach is to facilitate parameterization techniques which flatten a usually 3D object into a 2D plane. Within this state of the art report (STAR), we review such techniques used in medical visualization and investigate how they can be classified with respect to the handled data and the underlying tasks. Many of these techniques are inspired by mesh parameterization algorithms which help to project a triangulation in ℝ3 to a simpler domain in ℝ2. It is often claimed that this makes complex structures easier to understand and compare by humans and machines. Within this STAR we review such flattening techniques which have been developed for the analysis of the following medical entities: the circulation system, the colon, the brain, tumors, and bones. For each of these five application scenarios, we have analyzed the tasks and requirements, and classified the reviewed techniques with respect to a developed coding system. Furthermore, we present guidelines for the future development of flattening techniques in these areas.
Evaluating the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Hong Kong Welfare Programmes in Reducing Child Poverty
Authors: Cheung Kelvin Chi‐Kin , Chan Wai‐Sum , Chou Kee‐Lee , Lau Maggie Ka‐Wai
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the effectiveness and efficiency of welfare programmes that are relevant to child poverty reduction in Hong Kong. We employ data from a cross‐sectional survey of a representative sample of families, conducted in 2015 through face‐to‐face interviews. Our results indicate that all four welfare programmes were inadequate in alleviating child poverty. This was either due to the deep poverty gap to be filled or high rates of exclusion error. Most programmes are also inefficient because of inclusion error. We conclude by suggesting some policy implications for the welfare programmes.
Aktualisierung der S1‐Leitlinie zur Definition und Therapie der primären Hyperhidrose
Authors: Rzany Berthold , Bechara Falk G. , Feise Konstantin , Heckmann Marc , Rapprich Stefan , Wörle Birgit
Published: July 2018

Die fokale Hyperhidrose kann zu erheblichen sozialen und beruflichen Einschränkungen und damit zu einer ausgeprägten Verminderung der Lebensqualität führen. Der primären Hyperhidrose liegen keine internistischen Erkrankungen oder externen Ursachen zugrunde. Sie tritt vor allem im Bereich von Arealen mit einer großen Schweißdrüsendichte wie den Achseln und den Händen auf. Die Diagnose der Hyperhidrose basiert auf der Anamnese und der Klinik. Unterstützt wird die Diagnostik durch Gravimetrie (die Schweißmengenmessung) und den Iod‐Stärke‐Test (der das vom Schwitzen betroffene Areal definiert). Zur Behandlung der primären Hyperhidrose stehen eine Reihe von Verfahren wie die topische Therapie, die Injektionstherapie mit Botulinumtoxin A, die Leitungswasser‐Iontophorese, die Therapie mit Radiofrequenz, Mikrowellen oder Ultraschall bis hin zu den operativen Interventionen wie der axillären Saugkürettage oder der Sympathektomie zur Verfügung. Auch systemische Therapeutika (vor allem Anticholinergika) kommen zur Anwendung. Die Auswahl der geeigneten Behandlungsmaßnahmen sollte individuell auf die Lokalisation, die vorangegangen Behandlungen und die Wünsche des Patienten abgestimmt werden.
Systemische Therapien des Ulcus cruris
Authors: Dissemond Joachim , Erfurt‐Berge Cornelia , Goerge Tobias , Kröger Knut , Funke‐Lorenz Carolin , Reich‐Schupke Stefanie
Published: July 2018

Für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung von Patienten mit Ulcus cruris ist es essentiell, die zugrundeliegende Ätiologie zu klären und, wenn möglich, eine kausale Therapie einzuleiten. Begleitend ist die an den Phasen der Wundheilung orientierte Wundbehandlung, meist in Verbindung mit einer Kompressionstherapie, die Therapie der Wahl. Der Stellenwert der systemischen Therapien wird in Abhängigkeit der zugrundeliegenden Genese sehr unterschiedlich und oft kontrovers beurteilt. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die aktuellen Aspekte der systemischen medikamentösen Therapien für Patienten mit Ulcus cruris bei den häufigen Genesen chronische venöse Insuffizienz, periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit, Livedovaskulopathie, Vaskulitis, Necrobiosis lipoidica, Calciphylaxie und Pyoderma gangraenosum differenziert vorgestellt und kritisch diskutiert.

Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, dass es sich bei vielen der hier vorgestellten Therapien um einen Off‐Label‐Use handelt. Bei den häufiger vorkommenden Wundarten wie beispielsweise Ulcus cruris venosum, mixtum und arteriosum sind Medikamente für die Therapie zwar hoffnungsvolle Optionen, bisher aber in der Regel kein Behandlungsstandard. Im Gegensatz hierzu haben systemische Therapien bei den anderen hier vorgestellten Krankheitsbildern eine meist zentral wichtige Bedeutung. Es sind in erster Linie immunmodulierende und rheologisch wirksame Medikamente, die eingesetzt werden, um die Wundheilung zu beschleunigen.
N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) predicts the cardio‐renal response to aliskiren in patients with type 2 diabetes at high renal and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Idzerda Nienke M. A. , Persson Frederik , Pena Michelle J. , Brenner Barry M. , Brunel Patrick , Chaturvedi Nish , McMurray John J. , Parving Hans‐Henrik , de Zeeuw Dick , Heerspink Hiddo J. L.
Published: July 2018

Sodium retention and volume overload are the main determinants of poor response to renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition in patients with diabetes. As volume excess can exist without symptoms, biomarkers are needed to identify a priori which patients are volume overloaded and may experience less benefit from RAAS inhibition. N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is released in the setting of increased cardiac wall stress and volume overload. We conducted a post hoc analysis among 5081 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus participating in the ALTITUDE trial to investigate whether NTproBNP can predict the effects of additional therapy with aliskiren on cardio‐renal endpoints. Aliskiren compared to placebo reduced the risk of the primary cardio‐renal endpoint events by 20% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16 to 61) and 2% (95% CI –42 to 30) in the two lowest NT‐proBNP tertiles, and it increased the risk by 25% (95% CI –4 to 96) in the highest NT‐proBNP tertile (P value for trend = 0.009). Similar trends were observed for the cardiovascular and end‐stage renal disease endpoints. Effects of aliskiren compared to placebo on safety outcomes (hyperkalaemia and hospitalization for acute kidney injury) were independent of NT‐proBNP. In conclusion, baseline NT‐proBNP may be used as a marker to predict the response to aliskiren with regard to cardio‐renal outcomes when added to standard therapy with RAAS inhibition.
Valvular involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Case report and systematic review of literature
Authors: Al‐Habbaa Ahmed , Rawla Prashanth , Morra Mostafa Ebraheem , Abotaha Ahmed Ahmed , Sakr Eman El‐Sayed , Abdo Shehata Mostafa Ahmed , Shahin Karim Mohamed , Abdel Mageed Sarah , Huy Nguyen Tien
Published: July 2018

Background

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic inflammatory condition; however, patients with GPA rarely experience endocardial valve lesions.

Methods

We report a GPA case with tricuspid valve destruction together with a systematic review to highlight the characteristics of all previously reported GPA cases with valvular involvement.

Results

Among 36 cases included, the aortic valve was involved in 15 (41.7%) cases while the mitral valve was involved in 9 (25%) subjects. Combined lesion of both aortic and mitral valves was reported in 9 (25%) patients.

Conclusion

We recommend routine echocardiography examination to rule out any cardiac valve lesion once GPA is suspected.
Evaluation of a Fluorescence‐aided Identification Technique (FIT) for removal of composite bonded trauma splints
Authors: Dettwiler Christian , Meller Christian , Eggmann Florin , Saccardin Fabio , Kühl Sebastian , Filippi Andreas , Krastl Gabriel , Weiger Roland , Connert Thomas
Published: July 2018

Background/Aim

Accurate removal of composite bonded titanium trauma splints (TTS) can be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate a Fluorescence‐aided Identification Technique (FIT) compared with a conventional light source (CT) for removal of trauma splints regarding loss of tooth substance, residual composite, and time taken.

Materials and Methods

Twenty maxillary models with six bovine teeth (13 ‐ 23) were fabricated. An optical three‐dimensional impression was taken and a TTS was applied from 12 to 22 with two bonding sites on every tooth under standardized conditions using an etch‐and‐rinse adhesive and resin composite. Two operators removed 10 splints each (5x FIT and 5x CT). For FIT, a 405 nm light‐emitting headlamp was used. Time was recorded. A post‐operative scan was superimposed on the pre‐operative scan using OraCheck software. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of tooth defects and composite remnants was performed by two operators and statistically analyzed.

Results

Compared with the CT, FIT led to significantly fewer and smaller enamel defects (mean volume: −0.04 mm3 vs −0.33 mm3) (P < 0.001), significantly less composite remained (mean volume: 0.02 mm3 vs 0.28 mm3) (P < 0.001), and the removal procedure with FIT was significantly quicker (mean: 162 seconds vs 268 seconds) (P < 0.001),

Conclusions

FIT facilitated the removal of composite used to bond trauma splints leading to less time‐consuming as well as less invasive treatment. It left fewer composite residues on enamel surfaces.
Patients' perceived needs for allied health, and complementary and alternative medicines for low back pain: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Chou Louisa , Ranger Tom A. , Peiris Waruna , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Urquhart Donna M. , Briggs Andrew M. , Wluka Anita E.
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Allied health and complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are therapeutic therapies commonly accessed by consumers to manage low back pain (LBP). We aimed to identify the literature regarding patients' perceived needs for physiotherapy, chiropractic therapy and CAM for the management of LBP.

Methods

A systematic scoping review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO (1990‐2016) was conducted to identify studies examining patients' perceived needs for allied health and CAM for LBP. Data regarding study design and methodology were extracted. Areas of patients' perceived need for allied health and CAM were aggregated.

Results

Forty‐four studies from 2202 were included: 25 qualitative, 18 quantitative and 1 mixed‐methods study. Three areas of need emerged: (i) physiotherapy was viewed as important, particularly when individually tailored. However, patients had concerns about adherence, adverse outcomes and correct exercise technique. (ii) Chiropractic therapy was perceived to be effective and needed by some patients, but others were concerned about adverse outcomes. (iii) An inconsistent need for CAM was identified with some patients perceiving a need, while others questioning the legitimacy and short‐term duration of these therapies.

Conclusions

Our findings regarding patients' perceived needs for allied health and CAM for LBP may assist in informing development of more patient‐centred guidelines and service models for LBP. Understanding patients' concerns regarding active‐based physiotherapy, which is recommended in most guidelines, and issues surrounding chiropractic and CAM, which are generally not, may help inform management that better aligns patient's perceived needs with effective treatments, to improve outcomes for both patients and the health‐care system.
Pentecostal Mission: A German Free Church Perspective
Authors: Ehmann Matthias
Published: July 2018

The Pentecostal movement is growing worldwide. This applies both globally and to the German context. Pentecostal mission, therefore, plays an increasingly important role – a role that is also reflected in new networks and institutions emerging in Germany. As Pentecostal churches increase in importance, their ecumenical relationships are also moving into focus. The reproach of prosyletism arises repeatedly at the intersection of mission and ecumenism in ecumenical discussions. This article illustrates the development of ecumenical relations in Pentecostal churches in Germany from a Free Church perspective, viewing ecumenical challenges and opportunities in relation to approaches of church theory.
Doing Pentecostal Civic Engagement in the Squatter Area of Lower Rock Quarry, Baguio City, Philippines
Authors: Tejedo Joel A.
Published: July 2018

Pentecostals are frequently placed on the sidelines of civic engagement, seen as participating less in public life because of their preoccupation with other‐worldly eschatology and their one‐way‐ticket evangelistic efforts. This study does not share the above view, but argues that Pentecostal civic engagement has been increasingly recognized as resource capital that empowers the lives of the poor. This paper investigates the impact of Pentecostal/charismatic religion on civil society, asking what contribution the study of “spirit empowered” religion can make to our understanding of the role of religion in human society. Using a quantitative and qualitative approach to flesh out empirical evidence, this study reveals what Filipino Pentecostals believe and practise with regard to civic engagement. It provides a case study of findings to further point out that Pentecostals in the Philippines are not on the sidelines of civic engagement, but are one of the religious players in the creation of a just and loving society.
The Romanian Pentecostal Agency for Foreign Mission (APME): A Case Study in Cross‐Cultural Mission Originating from Eastern Europe
Authors: Rițișan Gheorghe , Constantineanu Corneliu
Published: July 2018

This paper offers a short analysis of the ecclesiological and missiological context that led to the establishment of the Romanian Pentecostal Agency for Foreign Mission (APME). It states the main steps in the process of the development of the organization in its first decade of existence (2006–2016), during which it became one of the youngest and most dynamic missionary structures in Europe. It describes the process of the birth of APME and the important role the founding team played in the existence of the agency and in articulating the mission, vision, values, and work philosophy. The main section will present the components of APME's work strategy which led to implementing the vision and reaching the objectives: mobilizing the churches, recruiting, training, sending, supporting missionaries, and promoting the ministry. A short section will show the crucial importance of internal and foreign partnerships in the activity of APME. In the final part we will list the main lessons learned in the ten years of APME's existence that can be shared with other mission organizations, as well as the challenges that the organization faces over the next few years.
Phase stability, microstructure, and dielectric properties of quaternary oxides In12Ti10A2BO42 (A: Ga or Al; B: Mg or Zn)
Authors: Castillón‐Barraza Felipe Francisco , Durán Alejandro , Farías Mario Humberto , Brown Francisco , Tiburcio Munive Guillermo , Cubillas Fernando , Alvarez‐Montaño Victor Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

Quaternary oxides In12Ti10Al2MgO42 (ITAM), In12Ti10Al2ZnO42 (ITAZ), In12Ti10Ga2MgO42 (ITGM), and In12Ti10Ga2ZnO42 (ITGZ), were synthesized by the solid‐state reaction method and the dielectric behavior is reported. The samples were submitted to different sintering temperatures (1473‐1773 K) for 24 hours and the phase stability and microstructure were analyzed by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is found that the phase decomposition occurs above of 1573 K. Microstructure images showed an increase in the grains size as sintering temperature was raised. The dielectric permittivity as a function of temperature and frequency showed acceptable dielectric constant (15‐30) and low dielectric loss (tan δ << 1) values in a wide range of temperature. The band gap obtained by the optical spectrum analysis is about 3.5 eV indicating good dielectric insulating compounds. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity, the activation energy, and the conduction mechanisms are analyzed and discussed in a whole range of temperature. The good dielectric values, ε′ (15‐20) and tan δ (~0.004), and their behavior (almost independent of the frequency and temperature) almost constant within a wide range of temperature make these quaternary oxides interesting in electroceramic applications.
Infant wake after sleep onset serves as a marker for different trajectories in cognitive development
Authors: Pisch Manuela , Wiesemann Frank , Karmiloff‐Smith Annette
Published: July 2018

Background

Sleep variables have been linked to improved functioning of learning and memory throughout life, with most studies focusing on older children and adults. Since infancy is a time of outstanding plasticity, sleep variables could be particularly important for cognitive development in that age group.

Methods

This is a longitudinal study collecting data from 40 infants at four different time points of 4, 6, 8 and 10 months. Sleep variables were assessed using actigraphy for a week, as well as a sleep questionnaire. Eye‐tracking was employed to examine developmental cognitive trajectories. Infants had to remember the location of a toy that had previously been linked to a sound and an eye‐tracker recorded whether they were searching the correct location upon hearing the sound.

Results

Based on their trajectories between 4 and 10 months, infants were divided into two groups who shifted their response strategies at different time points. Those two groups also differed in other aspects of their looking patterns and scored increasingly differently in the Ages & Stages Questionnaire over time. Time spent awake in the night early in life was reduced in the group who changed their strategy earlier.

Conclusions

While previous research examined the relation of infant sleep and cognitive functioning measured once, this paper provides first evidence that night wake time can serve as a marker for different cognitive trajectories.
Walking on a tightrope—Caring for ambivalent women considering abortions in the first trimester
Authors: Kjelsvik Marianne , Tveit Sekse Ragnhild J. , Moi Asgjerd Litleré , Aasen Elin M. , Gjengedal Eva
Published: July 2018

Aims and objectives

To improve the understanding and competence of health personnel when caring for ambivalent pregnant women, the aim of this study was to explore the experiences of encountering women who are unsure whether to complete or terminate pregnancy.

Background

Feelings of ambivalence are present in a significant number of women preparing for abortions and may challenge the provision of health care. Health personnel have reported an ideal to be nonjudgemental and supportive. Insufficient attention has been directed to the experiences of health personnel who prepare women for abortions in gynaecological units.

Design

Qualitative design with a hermeneutic‐phenomenological approach.

Methods

Focus group interviews were conducted with health personnel from four gynaecological outpatient clinics and wards in Norway (n = 20).

Results

The health personnel felt responsible for contributing to patient well‐being. This demanded focused attention towards all women being prepared for abortions and meant a consciousness and balancing act towards revealing, handling and being involved in the woman's potential unsureness without influencing her decision. When involved, the health personnel risked being confronted with their own vulnerabilities and values.

Conclusions

The health personnel tried to balance their care and support without influencing the woman's decision. Although they viewed the women as fully autonomous and responsible, they became personally involved, to varying degrees, in the uncertainty and were faced with their own vulnerabilities and values. They lacked a possibility for immediate debriefing and regular counselling after complicated consultations.

Relevance to clinical practice

Knowledge of the experiences of health personnel can provide input for professional development at gynaecological departments. These findings contribute to discussions about what information should be given and whether the woman's feelings should be discussed in preparation for an abortion. The ability of health personnel to discuss subjects related to ethically challenging encounters with women who are considering abortions should be established, namely, professional education and workshops at the national level and small groups with counselling and case study discussions at hospitals.
Comparative effect of advanced soy products or corn protein concentrate with porcine meal on growth, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus
Authors: Novriadi Romi , Spangler Elizabeth , Allen Davis D.
Published: July 2018

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diets containing advanced soy products (enzyme‐treated soy and fermented soy) or corn protein concentrate (CPC) in combination with porcine meal (PM) to completely replace poultry byproduct meal (PBM) on growth performance, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic, to contain 400 g/kg crude protein and 80 g/kg lipid. A reference diet (PBM diet [PBMD]) contained 150 g/kg PBM and 495 g/kg soybean meal (SBM), and three test diets were formulated replacing PBM with 15 g/kg of CPC (CPC diet [CPCD]) or replacing all SBM and PBM with 535 g/kg fermented soy (fermented soybean meal diet [FSBMD]) or 451.3 g/kg enzyme‐treated soy (enzyme‐treated soybean meal diet [ESBMD]). All three test diets were supplemented with 38 g/kg of PM. Diets were fed based on a percentage of bodyweight adjusted after sampling the fish every 2 weeks to triplicate groups of Florida pompano juveniles (mean weight 8.06 ± 0.22 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed CPCD and ESBMD performed equally well in terms of final body weight, thermal growth coefficient, and percentage weight gain in comparison to fish fed PBMD. In all cases, feeding FSBMD resulted in poor feed conversion and lower feed intake compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiency, whole‐body proximate composition, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc contents were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The results obtained in the present histological study showed no significant differences in the thickness of serous layer, muscular layer, and submucosal layer of the intestine among treatments. Fish fed CPCD showed a significant widening of the lamina propria with an increase of cellular infiltration and higher presence of goblet cells compared to other dietary treatment. Based on these results, 451 g/kg ESBM or combination of 150 g/kg of CPC and 495 g/kg SBM supplemented with 38 g/kg PM can be utilized to develop a practical diet for juvenile Florida pompano without impacting growth, nutritive parameters, and several distal intestine health parameters.
Supratentorial CAPNON associated with WHO grade II meningioma: A case report
Authors: Paolini Michael A. , Ho Mai‐Lan , Monahan Hannah R. , Raghunathan Aditya
Published: July 2018

Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON) is a rare benign tumor of uncertain etiology, arising in the craniospinal axis. CAPNON typically arises in isolation, with only two prior reports of a concurrent second neoplasm. Here, we report the case of a male 17‐year‐old who presented with new‐onset seizures. MRIs revealed a 2 cm extra‐axial solid‐cystic mass, arising at the left temporo‐occipital junction and abutting the dura with marked surrounding parenchymal vasogenic edema. The solid components demonstrated dense calcification and avid enhancement. Gross total surgical resection was performed. Histopathological examination revealed central regions showing characteristic features of CAPNON. Toward the periphery, the CAPNON was intimately associated with and sharply demarcated from a meningioma, which showed up to five mitoses per 10 high‐power fields and had invasion into the adjacent brain parenchyma, warranting a WHO grade II designation. This is the first report of CAPNON arising in association with a meningioma. The coexistence of these two tumors raises the possibility of a reactive/dysplastic etiology for CAPNON.
Root metabolic plasticity underlies functional diversity in mycorrhiza‐enhanced stress tolerance in tomato
Authors: Rivero Javier , Álvarez Domingo , Flors Víctor , Azcón‐Aguilar Concepción , Pozo María J.
Published: July 2018

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses can improve plant tolerance to multiple stresses. We compared three AM fungi (AMF) from different genera, one of them isolated from a dry and saline environment, in terms of their ability to increase tomato tolerance to moderate or severe drought or salt stress. Plant physiological parameters and metabolic profiles were compared in order to find the molecular mechanisms underlying plant protection against stress.

Mycorrhizal growth response was determined, and ultrahigh‐performance LC‐MS was used to compare the metabolic profile of plants under the different treatments.

All AMF increased plant tolerance to stress, and the positive effects of the symbiosis were correlated with the severity of the stress. The AMF isolated from the stressful environment was the most effective in improving plant tolerance to salt stress. Differentially accumulated compounds were identified and the antistress properties of some of them were confirmed.

We demonstrate that AM symbioses increase plant metabolic plasticity to cope with stress. Some responses were common to all AMF tested, while others were specifically related to particular isolates. Important metabolism reprograming was evidenced upon salt stress, and we identified metabolic pathways and compounds differentially accumulated in mycorrhizas that may underlie their enhanced tolerance to stress.
Long‐term changes in a kelp bed of Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell due to subsidence caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake in Shizugawa Bay, Japan
Authors: Sakanishi Yoshihiko , Kurashima Akira , Dazai Akihiro , Abe Takuzo , Aoki Masakazu , Tanaka Jiro
Published: July 2018

We monitored an Eisenia bicyclis kelp bed during a survey of the rocky coast subtidal zone of Shizugawa Bay, the Sanriku Coast, northeastern Honshu, Japan, from 23 July 2008, to detail the biodiversity, which was subsequently directly impacted by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). To assess temporal changes in abundance of the dominant canopy forming kelp E. bicyclis and in the distribution patterns of macroalgae along a water depth gradient, percent coverage of macroalgae has been observed in permanent quadrats set near the lower limit of the Eisenia bed and in quadrats set along a water depth gradient. The GEJE, which induced huge tsunami waves and coseismic seafloor subsidence, occurred during the monitoring survey period and also affected the coastal communities in Shizugawa Bay. After the GEJE, the cover of E. bicyclis within the permanent quadrats near the lower limit of E. bicyclis gradually declined, and reached zero by July 2014. Also in the line transect survey, the offshore (deep) edge of the Eisenia bed showed a tendency to shift shoreward (upward) after the GEJE; the Eisenia bed near the pre‐earthquake offshore (deep) edge declined and finally disappeared after the GEJE. Combined with results of the permanent quadrat and line transect surveys, the post‐earthquake gradual decline and subsequent complete disappearance of the Eisenia bed within the permanent quadrats probably indicates an upward shift of the deep edge of the subsided kelp bed. Gradual change in the E. bicyclis bed over 2 years after the GEJE is a unique opportunity to document the response of a kelp bed to coseismic subsidence, demonstrating the slow and prolonged recovery process of E. bicyclis to subsidence caused by the mega‐earthquake to the pre‐earthquake depth zone.
Personal computer‐based cognitive training in Parkinson's disease: a case study
Authors: Maggio Maria G. , De Luca Rosaria , Maresca Giuseppa , Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Latella Desiree , Calabro Rocco S. , Bramanti Alessia
Published: July 2018

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is best managed by a combination of medication and regular physiotherapy. PD's main symptoms involve the motor system, but cognitive disorders can be very severe as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the computerized rehabilitative tool Esercizi di Riabilitazione Cognitiva (ERICA) in the cognitive recovery of a patient with PD. The patient was a 65‐year‐old man affected by PD with motor complications and severe cognitive and behavioural alterations. He underwent two different types of intensive rehabilitation training: standard cognitive rehabilitation alone and in combination with specific personal computer (PC)‐based cognitive training. We evaluated his neuropsychological profile before and after the two types of training by using a specific psychometric battery. Only at the end of the PC training did we observe improvement in cognitive function as well as mood stabilization. When used in addition to standard cognitive rehabilitation, PC‐based cognitive training may be a valuable tool in improving cognitive skills, with regard to attention, memory process, and executive functions. PC‐based cognitive training may be able to help optimize managing the symptoms of PD.
Remittances, Dutch Disease, and Manufacturing Growth in Developing Economies
Authors: Daway‐Ducanes Sarah Lynne Salvador
Published: July 2018

Remittances have grown tremendously in magnitude and economic importance in the past four decades, providing economies with additional disposable incomes and even serving as buffers against economic downturns. It is thus but fitting to ask how remittances have impacted on growth, particularly on manufacturing growth. This note presents a simple model linking remittances and manufacturing growth via a ‘Dutch Disease’ channel. Using Blundell and Bond's (1998) system general method of moments on a panel dataset of 56 developing economies from 1992 to 2016, we verify that remittances adversely affect manufacturing growth in economies that experience high real appreciation rates. This result is robust to alternate specifications, such as the inclusion of financial development indicators, the expansion of the sample to include high‐income economies, and the use of different sample periods.
Molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat subfamilies Gnoristinae and Mycomyinae, and their position within Mycetophilidae (Diptera)
Authors: Kaspřák David , Kerr Peter , Sýkora Vít , Tóthová Andrea , Ševčík Jan
Published: July 2018

The phylogeny of the fungus gnat family Mycetophilidae (Diptera) is reconstructed with a focus on the species‐rich and taxonomically difficult subfamilies Gnoristinae and Mycomyinae. The multigene phylogenetic analyses are based on five nuclear (18S, 28S, CAD, MCS, ITS2) and four mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI, CytB) gene markers. The analyses strongly support the monophyly of Mycetophilidae and the subfamilies Manotinae, Sciophilinae, Leiinae, and Mycomyinae, although Gnoristinae is paraphyletic with respect to Mycetophilinae. All the genera and groups of genera included are supported as monophyletic, except for Acomoptera Vockeroth, Boletina Staeger, Dziedzickia Johannsen, Ectrepesthoneura Enderlein, and Neoempheria Osten Sacken. Ancestral character state reconstructions were applied to two morphological features present in Gnoristinae and Mycomyinae (i.e. presence of setae on wing membrane and wing vein R4) in order to assess their evolution. The wing vein R4 appears as an unstable character, spread throughout different clades. A dated phylogeny of the family Mycetophilidae showed that most of the subfamilies of Mycetophilidae originated and diversified during the Cretaceous. The youngest subfamilies, originated in the Paleogene, appear to be Mycomyinae and Mycetophilinae.
Genomic full‐length sequence of HLA‐A*11:172 was identified by full‐length group‐specific sequencing
Authors: Xu Yun‐Ping , Yang Hui , Hong Wen‐Xu
Published: July 2018

Genomic full‐length sequence of HLA‐A*11:172 was identified by a group‐specific sequencing approach from China.
An allelic series at the KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 locus of Arabidopsis thaliana decouples ligand hydrolysis and receptor degradation from downstream signalling
Authors: Yao Jiaren , Mashiguchi Kiyoshi , Scaffidi Adrian , Akatsu Tomoki , Melville Kim T. , Morita Ryo , Morimoto Yu , Smith Steven M. , Seto Yoshiya , Flematti Gavin R. , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Waters Mark T.
Published: July 2018

Karrikins are butenolide compounds present in post‐fire environments that can stimulate seed germination in many species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants also produce endogenous butenolide compounds that serve as hormones, namely strigolactones (SLs). The receptor for karrikins (KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2; KAI2) and the receptor for SLs (DWARF14; D14) are homologous proteins that share many similarities. The mode of action of D14 as a dual enzyme receptor protein is well established, but the nature of KAI2‐dependent signalling and its function as a receptor are not fully understood. To expand our knowledge of how KAI2 operates, we screened ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)‐mutagenized populations of A. thaliana for mutants with kai2‐like phenotypes and isolated 13 new kai2 alleles. Among these alleles, kai2‐10 encoded a D184N protein variant that was stable in planta. Differential scanning fluorimetry assays indicated that the KAI2 D184N protein could interact normally with bioactive ligands. We developed a KAI2‐active version of the fluorescent strigolactone analogue Yoshimulactone Green to show that KAI2 D184N exhibits normal rates of ligand hydrolysis. KAI2 D184N degraded in response to treatment with exogenous ligands, suggesting that receptor degradation is a consequence of ligand binding and hydrolysis, but is insufficient for signalling activity. Remarkably, KAI2 D184N degradation was hypersensitive to karrikins, but showed a normal response to strigolactone analogues, implying that these butenolides may interact differently with KAI2. These results demonstrate that the enzymatic and signalling functions of KAI2 can be decoupled, and provide important insights into the mechanistic events that underpin butenolide signalling in plants.
The UPF1 interactome reveals interaction networks between RNA degradation and translation repression factors in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chicois Clara , Scheer Hélène , Garcia Shahïnez , Zuber Hélène , Mutterer Jérôme , Chicher Johana , Hammann Philippe , Gagliardi Dominique , Garcia Damien
Published: July 2018

The RNA helicase UP‐FRAMESHIFT (UPF1) is a key factor of nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD), a mRNA decay pathway involved in RNA quality control and in the fine‐tuning of gene expression. UPF1 recruits UPF2 and UPF3 to constitute the NMD core complex, which is conserved across eukaryotes. No other components of UPF1‐containing ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) are known in plants, despite its key role in regulating gene expression. Here, we report the identification of a large set of proteins that co‐purify with the Arabidopsis UPF1, either in an RNA‐dependent or RNA‐independent manner. We found that like UPF1, several of its co‐purifying proteins have a dual localization in the cytosol and in P‐bodies, which are dynamic structures formed by the condensation of translationally repressed mRNPs. Interestingly, more than half of the proteins of the UPF1 interactome also co‐purify with DCP5, a conserved translation repressor also involved in P‐body formation. We identified a terminal nucleotidyltransferase, ribonucleases and several RNA helicases among the most significantly enriched proteins co‐purifying with both UPF1 and DCP5. Among these, RNA helicases are the homologs of DDX6/Dhh1, known as translation repressors in humans and yeast, respectively. Overall, this study reports a large set of proteins associated with the Arabidopsis UPF1 and DCP5, two components of P‐bodies, and reveals an extensive interaction network between RNA degradation and translation repression factors. Using this resource, we identified five hitherto unknown components of P‐bodies in plants, pointing out the value of this dataset for the identification of proteins potentially involved in translation repression and/or RNA degradation.
Complex Wave Solutions to Mathematical Biology Models I: Newell–Whitehead–Segel and Zeldovich Equations
Authors: Korkmaz Alper
Published: July 2018

Complex and real valued exact solutions to some reaction-diffusion equations are suggested by using homogeneous balance and Sine-Gordon equation expansion method. The predicted solution of finite series of some hyperbolic functions is determined by using some relations between the hyperbolic functions and the trigonometric functions based on Sine-Gordon equation and traveling wave transform. The Newel–Whitehead–Segel (NWSE) and Zeldovich equations (ZE) are solved explicitly. Some complex valued solutions are depicted in real and imaginary components for some particular choice of parameters.
Case Study: Extreme Weight Making Causes Relative Energy Deficiency, Dehydration, and Acute Kidney Injury in a Male Mixed Martial Arts Athlete
Authors: Kasper Andreas M. , Crighton Ben , Langan-Evans Carl , Riley Philip , Sharma Asheesh , Close Graeme L. , Morton James P.
Published: July 2018

The aim of the present case study was to quantify the physiological and metabolic impact of extreme weight cutting by an elite male mixed martial arts athlete. Throughout an 8-week period, we obtained regular assessments of body composition, resting metabolic rate, peak oxygen uptake, and blood clinical chemistry to assess endocrine status, lipid profiles, hydration, and kidney function. The athlete adhered to a “phased” weight loss plan consisting of 7 weeks of reduced energy (ranging from 1,300 to 1,900 kcal/day) intake (Phase 1), 5 days of water loading with 8 L/day for 4 days followed by 250 ml on Day 5 (Phase 2), 20 hr of fasting and dehydration (Phase 3), and 32 hr of rehydration and refueling prior to competition (Phase 4). Body mass declined by 18.1% (80.2 to 65.7 kg) corresponding to changes of 4.4, 2.8, and 7.3 kg in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. We observed clear indices of relative energy deficiency, as evidenced by reduced resting metabolic rate (−331 kcal), inability to complete performance tests, alterations to endocrine hormones (testosterone: <3 nmol/L), and hypercholesterolemia (>6 mmol/L). Moreover, severe dehydration (reducing body mass by 9.3%) in the final 24 hr prior to weigh-in-induced hypernatremia (plasma sodium: 148 mmol/L) and acute kidney injury (serum creatinine: 177 μmol/L). These data, therefore, support publicized reports of the harmful (and potentially fatal) effects of extreme weight cutting in mixed martial arts athletes and represent a call for action to governing bodies to safeguard the welfare of mixed martial arts athletes.
Stepping to an Auditory Metronome Improves Weight-Bearing Symmetry in Poststroke Hemiparesis
Authors: Wright Rachel L. , Bevins Joseph W. , Pratt David , Sackley Catherine M. , Wing Alan M.
Published: July 2018

Asymmetry in weight-bearing is a common feature in poststroke hemiparesis and is related to temporal asymmetry during walking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an auditory cue for stepping in place on measures of temporal and weight-bearing asymmetry. A total of 10 community-dwelling adults (6 males and 4 females) with chronic poststroke hemiparesis performed 5 un-cued stepping trials and 5 stepping trials cued by an auditory metronome cue. A Vicon system was used to collect full body kinematic trajectories. Two force platforms were used to measure ground reaction forces. Step, swing, and stance times were used to calculate temporal symmetry ratios. Weight-bearing was assessed using the vertical component of the ground reaction force and center of mass–center of pressure separation at mid-stance. Weight-bearing asymmetry was significantly reduced during stepping with an auditory cue. Asymmetry values for step, swing, and stance times were also significantly reduced with auditory cueing. These findings show that auditory cueing when stepping in place produces immediate reductions in measures of temporal asymmetry and dynamic weight-bearing asymmetry.
Development and Assessment of a Low-Cost Clinical Gait Analysis System
Authors: Littrell Mary Emily , Chang Young-Hui , Selgrade Brian P.
Published: July 2018

Clinically, measuring gait kinematics and ground reaction force (GRF) is useful to determine the effectiveness of treatment. However, it is inconvenient and expensive to maintain a laboratory-grade gait analysis system in most clinics. The purpose of this study was to validate a Wii Balance Board, Kinovea motion-tracking software, and a video camera as a portable, low-cost system, and overground gait analysis system. We validated this low-cost system against a multicamera Vicon system and research-grade force platform (Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc). After validation trials with known weights and angles, 5 subjects walked across an instrumented walkway for multiple times (n = 8/subject). We collected vertical GRF and segment angles. Average GRF data from the 2 systems were similar, with peak GRF errors below 3.5%BW. However, variability in the balance board’s sampling rate led to large GRF errors early and late in stance, when the GRF changed rapidly. The thigh, shank, and foot angle measurements were similar between the single and multicamera, but the pelvis angle was far less accurate. The proposed system has the potential to provide accurate segment angles and peak GRF at low cost but does not match the accuracy of the multicamera system and force platform, in part because of the Wii Balance Board’s variable sampling rate.
Genome Sequences of Eight Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from a Produce-Growing Region in California
Authors: Parker Craig T. , Cooper Kerry K. , Huynh Steven , Smith Timothy P. , Bono James L. , Cooley Michael
Published: July 2018

Produce contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) is a continuing source of foodborne illness in the United States. This report documents the complete genome sequences of eight STEC strains isolated from livestock and water samples taken from a major agricultural region for leafy greens in California.
Population connectivity of adfluvial and stream-resident Lahontan cutthroat trout: implications for resilience, management, and restoration
Authors: Campbell Teresa , Simmons James , Sáenz Jessica , Jerde Christopher L. , Cowan William , Chandra Sudeep , Hogan Zeb
Published: July 2018

Population connectivity between resident and migratory cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii ssp.) is understudied, but has implications for population viability and management. We examined evidence for stream residency, studied the spatial patterns of stream use by adfluvial and stream-resident trout, and measured migration rates with changing stream depth for Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) in the Summit Lake Basin, Nevada (USA). Passive integrated transponder technology and a fry trap were used to track fish movements and identify the distribution of resident and adfluvial trout. Stream residents were distributed throughout the network. Adfluvial spawners concentrated in lower reaches, but also migrated up to 12.9 km. Adfluvial juveniles migrated to the lake from lower reaches and from upstream of adfluvial spawners. High stream depths coincided with more adfluvial juveniles migrating to the lake and more adfluvial spawners moving into the stream, which led to more accessing the upper watershed. This work shows that connectivity is central to adfluvial–resident Lahontan cutthrout trout population dynamics and may lead to increased probability of persistence — a characteristic of these isolated, threatened trout populations.