bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smelter : Inkonsistensi Kebijakan , Kendala dan Dampak di Indonesia
Authors: Contesa Maria , Ningrum Sinta , Rahmatunnisa Mudiyati
Published: February 2019

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak kebijakan pembangunan Smelter di Indonesia dimana kebijakan yang sebelumnya mewajibkan perusahaan pertambangan untuk melakukan pengolahan dan pemurnian hasil pertambangan sebelum di jual ke pasar international. Namun dalam perjalanan kebijakan tersebut terjadi perubahan kebijakan selama kurun waktu 9 tahun ini dan perubahan tersebut telah memberikan dampak yang signifikan dalam pelaksanaannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan literature review yang berbagai dari surat kabar, peraturan-peraturan pemerintah, data-data kementerian serta data lainnya yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan smelter tersebut. berdasarkan hasil literature review. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kebijakan smelter tersebut memberikan dampak yang baik bagi tenaga kerja dan pendapatan negara serta ekonomi dikawasan sekitar. Namun di sisi lain kebijakan pembangunan smelter yang berubah-ubah membuat perusahaan pertambangan menjadi malas untuk membangun dan menyebabkan kerugian bagi perusahaan dengan dikeluarkannya peraturan pememerintah nomor 1 tahun 2017 serta Permen ESDM nomor 5 dan 6 Tahun 2017.
First report of Fusarium proliferatum causing stem and root rot on lucky bamboo (Dracaena braunii) in Iraq
Authors: Lahuf A.A.
Published: February 2019

Lucky bamboo (Dracaena braunii) is a popular ornamental plant in Iraq. Individuals of this plant showing stem and root rot symptoms were observed during a survey conducted from November 2015 to February 2016 in several nurseries in Kerbala province, Iraq. Based on morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the pathogen was identified as Fusarium proliferatum. This is the first report of stem and root rot caused by F. proliferatum on lucky bamboo (D. braunii) in Iraq.
Semantic and cultural equivalence of the working alliance inventory short-revised scale for therapeutic alliance in family medicine: Lessons learned in Slovenia
Authors: Petek Davorina , Pušnik Ambrož , Selič Polona , Cedilnik-Gorup Eva , Trontelj Žan , Riou Marine , Yves Le Reste Jean
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Therapeutic alliance is a term most commonly associated with psychotherapeutic treatment, but recently its use has become increasingly significant in the other fields of medicine. An increasing amount of evidence implies that the quality of the therapeutic alliance between the doctor and patient substantially affects treatment outcomes. A European consensus chose the Working Alliance Inventory – Short Revised (WAI-SR) scale as the most efficient for European primary care. This paper presents the process of establishing the semantic and cultural equivalence of the two WAI-SR scales in Slovene.

Method

As a part of a larger international project, a group of four experts translated the two WAI SR scales (physician and patient versions) from English into Slovene. Twenty-six Slovenian family medicine doctors participated in the process of obtaining semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence in translation using a Delphi consensus procedure. Afterward, a cultural equivalence was made to adapt the translations within the national context.

Results

Agreement on translation was achieved after two Delphi rounds. The back-translation and cultural equivalence were accomplished without major problems, with some minor additional linguistic corrections.

Conclusion

A Slovene version of the WAI-SR scale was successfully adapted and is available for further scale validation and research on therapeutic alliance.
Validation of the Slovenian version of short sense of coherence questionnaire (SOC-13) in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Stern Biljana , Socan Gregor , Rener-Sitar Ksenija , Kukec Andreja , Zaletel-Kragelj Lijana
Published: February 2019

Aim

To validate the Slovenian version (SOC-13-SVN) of Sense of Coherence 13-item instrument (SOC-13) in Slovenian multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods

A consecutive 134 Slovenian MS patients were enrolled in a cross-sectional study in 2013. The reliability of the SOC-13-SVN was assessed for internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α), dimensionality by the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity by Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between SOC-13-SVN global score and MSQOL-54 composite scores – Mental Health Composite score (MHC) and Physical Health Composite score (PHC).

Results

For the SOC-13-SVN instrument as a whole, internal consistency was high (αtotal=0.88) while it was low for three subscales (αcomprehensibility=0.79; αmanageability=0.66; αmeaningfulness=0.69). The results of the CFA confirmed a three-factor structure with good fit (RMSEA=0.059, CFI=0.953, SRMR=0.065), however, the correlations between the factors were very high (rcomprehensibility/manageability=0.938; rcomprehensibility/meaningfulness=0.811; rmanageability/meaningfulness=0.930). The criterion validity analysis showed a moderate positive strength of relationship between SOC-13-SVN global score and both MSQOL-54 composite scores (MHC: r=0.597, p<0.001; PHC: r=0.437, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Analysis of some psychometric properties confirmed that this instrument is a reliable and valid tool for use in Slovenian MS patients. Despite the three-dimensional structure of the instrument, the use of the global summary score is encouraged due to the low reliability of the subscale scores and high correlations between them.
Family as Value. The Model of a Family Moulded by Graduating Students
Authors: Przybysz-Zaremba Margaret
Published: February 2019

Family is the most important value, which is present in the life of each individual. It was confirmed
by research conducted among graduating students of the secondary school, who placed family
and love at the highest place in the hierarchy of values, claiming that it is [at the same time] a
fundamental factor of well-functioning matrimony. Graduating students have plans connected
with entering into matrimony.

The studies conducted revealed that almost each of the respondents is going to establish [one’s
own] family and have progeny. The plans of respondents as for matrimony and procreation
concerned mainly the nature of their relationship, preferred type of their relationship, factors that
are crucial for entering into matrimony, features that a husband- or wife-to-be should possess,
age at which the respondents plan to have children, and the number of the children.

Analysis of the research revealed that matrimony is treated very seriously by the respondents,
and that they are planning to enter it [not until] graduating and obtaining a job offer. Love,
stability of life, and willingness to have progeny are the factors that are the most influential as
for moulding the family model among graduating students. On the other hand a lack of decision
concerning establishing a family is directly connected with the emergence of such factors as
betrayal, uncertainty of choosing [the right] partner, poor health condition, obtaining education,
attractive job.
Retinal metastasis of carcinoid presenting with headache: a case representation
Authors: Eleftheriou Andreas
Published: February 2019

Background:

Headache is one of the most common somatic symptoms in patients who search emergency department (ER). Diagnosing and treating the most common headache disorders are not so difficult. Thus, recognizing some types of headaches, either primary or secondary, can be challenging.

Case Presentation:

We present an interesting and challenging case of a patient who referred to the ER because of a benign headache and proved to suffer from a metastatic tumor of the retina due to lung carcinoid.

Conclusion:

Unusual headache syndromes do not appear to be as rare in clinical practice as has been generally believed. To our knowledge, this is the first time to report a metastatic carcinoid of retina presenting with isolated headache and redness of sclera as a primary symptoms. Appropriate identification of the secondary cause of a headache is the key to successful treatment.
El cuerpo del/la boxeador/a: danza y representación
Authors: Moreno Hortensia
Published: February 2019

A partir del video Round en la sombra (2007), dirigido por Alfredo Salomón, reflexiono acerca de los recursos semióticos corporales de dos campos contrastantes: el boxeo y la danza. Trato de poner en contexto el poder de significación que se despliega en la exhibición del cuerpo semidesnudo en el cuadrilátero. Como coreografía cuidadosamente ritualizada, esta representación persigue la producción performativa de la masculinidad, en oposición a la que le servirá de referente y límite: la del cuerpo de la boxeadora como contradicción y reafirmación de la ofrenda escenificada en la pelea. Las prácticas corporales de estas dos disciplinas me sirven como pretexto para discutir la exclusión de las mujeres del campo deportivo.The Boxer’s Body: Dance and RepresentationAbstractUsing Round en la sombra (2007), a video directed by Alfredo Salomón as a basis for discussion, I examine the semiotic bodily resources of two contrasting fields: boxing and dance. My intention is to contextualize the signifying power deployed in the exhibition of the half-naked body on the ring. In a carefully ritualized choreography, this representation contributes to the performative production of masculinity in opposition to that of the female boxer’s body —its model and limit— which works as both contradiction and reaffirmation of the sacrifice staged at the fight. With the physical practice of these two disciplines in mind, I discuss the exclusion of women from the sports’ field.Recibido: 30 de agosto de 2017Aceptado: 01 de diciembre de 2017
El teatro como crítica institucional
Authors: Cornago Óscar
Published: February 2019

Este artículo discute el sentido de las prácticas teatrales en relación a los contextos institucionales en los que se desarrollan. Para ello, se analiza la dimensión institucional del teatro en relación a las artes visuales. La reacción ante repertorios de formas y usos ya instituidos ha abierto un ámbito de confluencias entre las prácticas performativas y las visuales. Con el fin de trazar diversos recorridos dentro de este panorama, se estudian proyectos de creación de España, Alemania, México, Líbano y Brasil, algunos de ellos pertenecientes a la programación de la iii Mostra Internacional de Teatro de São Paulo del 2017. Estas obras intervienen sobre los marcos ya legitimados de actuación, con el fin de cuestionar la construcción institucional del teatro, abriendo nuevos posibilidades de creación y reflexión en relación al espacio de la representación.Theatre as Institutional CritiqueAbstractThis article discusses the meaning of theatrical practices in relation to the institutional contexts in which they develop. Attention is paid to the institutional dimension of theater in relation to the visual arts. The reaction to established repertoires has opened a confluence between performative and visual practices. In order to trace different routes within this panorama, projects from Spain, Germany, Mexico, Lebanon and Brazil are studied, some of them belonging to the programming of the iii International Theater Festival of São Paulo (2017). These plays intervene in the legitimated frameworks around performance, with the purpose of questioning the institutional construction of theater while opening possibilities of new territories of creation and critique within the spaces of representation.Recibido: 20 de julio de 2017Aceptado: 12 de diciembre de 2017
Número completo
Authors: Del número Autores
Published: February 2019

Descarga el número completo
La memoria entre baldosas y ferrocarriles. Dos performances en torno a la historia cultural de Buenos Aires
Authors: González Malala
Published: February 2019

El siguiente artículo indaga acerca de la articulación entre arte-ciudad a partir de dos performances que ponen en escena la memoria sobre la historia cultural de Buenos Aires. Problematizando las miradas sobre la ciudad tangible e intangible, y los modos de percibir el espacio público, estas propuestas aplican resistencias al olvido, en tanto focalizan su punto de vista en evocaciones de un pasado urbano latente. Nos interesa reflexionar sobre ellas, en tanto prácticas de memoria en tiempos efímeros, para pensarnos hoy como espectadores transeúntes y considerar que la experimentación de una dimensión estética de la ciudad es posible mediante estas prácticas performáticas. Volver a mirar a partir de una yuxtaposición entre pasado y presente, de eso se trata.Recibido: 17 de junio de 2017Aceptado: 15 de enero de 2018
Futuros contemporáneos: novísima dramaturgia argentina
Authors: Gutiérrez Salinas Luis Daniel
Published: February 2019

Ricardo Dubatti (Coord.). Futuros contemporáneos: novísima dramaturgia argentina. Buenos Aires: Ediciones del ccc, 2017, 224 pp.Recibido: 31 de enero de 2018 Aceptado: 29 de junio de 2018
La irrisión de la masculinidad hegemónica en la puesta en escena de Prata Paraíso, de João de Ricardo (Brasil)
Authors: Dos Santos Colin Daniel
Published: February 2019

Recibido: 18 de abril de 2018Aceptado: 02 de agosto de 2018
Personajes y representación en un coloquio conventual novohispano del siglo XVIII
Authors: Terrazas Abel Rogelio
Published: February 2019

El siguiente trabajo hace un análisis de los personajes del coloquio conventual novohispano Coloquio religiosísimo dedicado al dulce Nombre de Jesús, así como de algunos elementos espectaculares importantes para su representación y de algunas condiciones y posibilidades artísticas del teatro de monjas desde la perspectiva del concepto de la “ciudad letrada”, de Ángel Rama. El coloquio conventual posee rasgos dramáticos que demuestran el conocimiento de la tradición teatral desarrollada en el interior de los conventos y las exigencias ideológicas canalizadas de manera sistemática. El análisis ha permitido observar cómo, desde la parodia, la burla y el humor, el teatro novohispano generó espectáculos ingeniosos en espacios sumamente regulados, tales como los conventos de carmelitas descalzas.Recibido: 27 de abril de 2018Aceptado: 15 de junio de 2018
PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH, PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH DAN SEWA IJARAH TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS
Authors: Teti Rahmawati Ditha Nada Pratama Lia Dwi Martika
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pembiayaan Mudharabah, Pembiayaan Musyarakah dan Sewa Ijarah baik secara parsial maupun secara bersama�sama terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas pada PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif dan verifikatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis Regresi linier Berganda, dengan menggunakan empat asumsi klasik yaitu normalitas, multikolinearitas, autokorelasi dan heteroskedastisitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan program statistik SPSS Versions 20, dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda, untuk Pembiayaan Mudharabah diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Pembiayaan Mudharabah(X1) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat Tingkat Profitabilitas (Y). Selanjutnya untuk Pembiayaan Musyarakah diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Pembiayaan Musyarakah (X2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat Profitabilitas. Kemudian untuk Sewa Ijarah diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Sewa Ijarah (X3) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas (Y). Secara bersama-sama diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Pembiayaan Mudharabah(X1), Pembiayaan Musyarakah (X2) dan Sewa Ijarah (X3) secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas (Y).Kata Kunci :��� Pembiayaan Mudharabah, Pembiayaan Musyarakah, Sewa Ijarah dan Tingkat Profitabilitas.
Educação moral ou educação estética? Sobre Schiller e Fichte
Authors: Barbosa Ricardo
Published: February 2019

O artigo discute uma tese de Xavier Léon sobre a atitude de Schiller em relação a Fichte e procura mostrar sob quais condições as cartas Sobre a educação estética do homem (1794-95) podem ser lidas como uma resposta a Algumas preleções sobre a destinação do erudito (1794).
Analysis of Educational Spaces Design Methods for Educable Mentally Disable Children
Authors: Tabaeian Seyedeh Marzieh , Kerdabadi Neda Abbasi , Abedi Ahmad
Published: February 2019

This study aims to investigate and analyse design and optimisation methods of educational and recreational environments for educable mentally disabled children. This study is conducted using a descriptive-analytical method based on library research, documents and field surveys. The research studied sixty mentally disabled children aged 6-17 years, twenty instructors and sixty mothers through purposive sampling. Then the quantitative data of questionnaires and the qualitative data of interviews and paintings are analysed using SPSS and Excel. The results of this research determine the useful criteria used to design an attractive and friendly environment for mentally disabled children. In addition to promoting the sense of safety and security in these spaces, it improves recreational activities of mentally disabled children both individually and collectively.
Harmonic Vectors and the Constraints of Tonality
Authors: Meeùs Nicolas
Published: February 2019

The theory of harmonic vectors (THV) rests on the hypothesis that tonal functions result from root progressions, not the reverse: it is a transformational theory of the tonal harmonic process. The article discusses three interconnected constraints: the asymmetry of progressions, their limitation to the diatonic span, and the affirmation of the tonic.
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON DONALD TRUMP’S STRATEGY AGAINST HIS ADDRESSEE TO WIN THE US ELECTION
Authors: Sujito Sujito , Indriana Indriana , Muttaqin Wildan Mahir
Published: February 2019

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) deals with long term analysis of fundamental causes and consequences of issues. This paper is an attempt to explain how a single issue, that is the US presidential election, is correlated by the existence of jihadist militant and manipulated using political ideology. This study also examines the persuasive strategies of Donald Trump to win the US 2016 Election. In this study, van Dijk’s (2004) frameworks of Politics, Ideology, and Discourse is used to detect discursive structure within the transcript of Donald Trump’s speech and analyze the manner in which language can be a tool at the hands of speakers to persuade and create agreement toward the hearer. The macro strategy of positive self-representation and negative other representation, plus the other 25 more subtle strategies has become one significant way in the creation and neutralization of ideology and personal opinion. The application of this dichotomous categorization in CDA of Donald Trump’s strategy toward his addressee to win the US election has asserted the fact that ideological manipulations are used, expressed, enacted and implanted through discursive structures to persuade the audiences. The findings of this study can be conducive to expand students’ critical thinking abilities in comprehension and production of language and also in revitalizing the neglected construct of language proficiency.
Finding Voice and Passion: Critical Race Theory Methodology in Science Teacher Education
Authors: Mensah Felicia Moore
Published: February 2019

This longitudinal case study utilizes critical race theory methodology to chronicle the journey of an African American female in science teacher education. The study looks at her educational history first as a young child and then how she navigates a contested, racialized predominantly White teacher education program, grows and develops in science education, and secures her first full-time teaching appointment as an elementary teacher. The implications for practice in both teacher education and science education show that educational and emotional support for teachers of color throughout their educational and professional journey is imperative to increasing and sustaining Black teachers. In addition, intersectionality foregrounds and adds to the complexity of understanding race, racism, and science in teacher education.
Rupi hardiansyah_165100028
Authors: hardiansyah Rupi
Published: February 2019

Delphi adalah Suatu bahasa pemrograman yang menggunakan visualisasi sama sepertibahasa pemrograman Visual Basic ( VB ). Namun Delphi menggunakan bahasa yang hampirsama dengan pascal (sering disebut objeck pascal ). Sehingga lebih mudah untukdigunakan. Bahasa pemrograman Delphi dikembangkan oleh Code Gear sebagai divisipengembangan perangkat lunak milik embarcadero. Divisi tersebut awalnya milik borland ,sehingga bahasa ini memiliki versi Borland Delphi.Dengan mengenal dasar-dasar bahasa pascal, Anda akan mudah untuk mempelajaripemrograman Delphi sebab semua syntax yang ada dalam pascal sama dengan syntaxbahasa delphi, tetapi syntax dalam delphi tidak bisa diadopsi ke pascal karena itulah dalampengantar ini saya beri judul Delphi adalah pascal tapi pascal bukan delphi
Ice-templated poly(vinylidene fluoride) ferroelectrets
Authors: Bowen Chris
Published: February 2019

Ferroelectrets are piezoelectrically-active polymer foams that can convert externally applied loads into electric charge for sensor or energy harvesting applications. Existing processing routes used to create pores of the desired geometry and degree of alignment appropriate for ferroelectrets are based on complex mechanical stretching and chemical dissolution steps. In this work, we present the first demonstration of the use of freeze casting as a cost effective and environmentally friendly approach to produce polymeric ferroelectrets. The pore morphology, phase analysis, relative permittivity and direct piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) of porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based ferroelectrets with porosity volume fractions ranging from 24% to 78% were analysed. The long-range alignment of pore channels produced during directional freezing is shown to be beneficial in forming a highly polarised structure and high d33 ∼ 264 pC N−1 after breakdown of air within the pore channels during corona poling. This new approach opens a way to create tailored pore structures and voids in ferroelectret materials for transducer applications related to sensors and vibration energy harvesting.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ В СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ ВЫСОТНЫХ ЗДАНИЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ// Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences 1(10), 2019/ OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences); Chief Editor Vitaly Yakovlev- Berlin, Germany. 26.01.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - pp. 35-40.
Authors: Султанова Асет Джамалдиновна
Published: February 2019

Возведение высотных зданий представляет собой сложный в технологическом плане процесс, требующий продумывание всех возможных деталей и непредвиденных ситуаций, возникающих на стройплощадке. Поэтому в данном строительстве применяются самые передовые технологии и решения, обеспечивающие реализацию самых смелых архитектурных проектов.The construction of high-rise buildings is a technologically challenging process that requires thinking through all the possible details and unforeseen situations that arise on a construction site. Therefore, the most advanced technologies and solutions are used in this construction, ensuring the implementation of the most ambitious architectural projects.
Studi Termodinamika Transpor Ionik Natrium Klorida Dalam Air dan Campuran Tertentu
Authors: Hidayati Rahmi , Zainul Rahadian
Published: February 2019

Natrium klorida dikenal dengan garam dapur. Senyawa ini memiliki rumus NaCl dan larut dalam air. Natrium klorida merupakan senyawa yang berwujud padat bentuk kristal dan berwarna putih. Natrium klorida merupakan senyawa ionik karena adanya ikatan antara logam natrium dengan non logam klorin. Natrium klorida, didalam air dapat terion menjadi ion ion penyusunnya. Penulisan review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interaksi molekul pada NaCl yang dilarutkan dalam air. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis interaksi molekul adalah dengan permodelan menggunakan aplikasi ChemDraw 3D. Sedangkan untuk parameter mobilitas ion, konduktivitas, viskositas, dan konduktivitas molar digunakan perhitungan dan data dari salah satu jurnal yang telah di review. Penggunaan ChemDraw 3D dan ChemDraw 2D sebagai langkah untuk menganalisis atom atom penyusun NaCl beserta molekul dan pergerakan molekulnya. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu struktur natrium klorida dengan analisis molekular 2D dan 3D. Analisis jari-jari natrium klorida pada Chemdraw 3D didapatkan sebesar 2,530A, dan jari jari atom natrium dan klor masing-masingnya sebesar 1.287A dan 1.688A. Setelah dilakukan optimasi MMFF94, didapatkan energi sterik sebesar 0.00073874 kcal/mol dan energi molekul bergerak dalam 30 interaksi atomnya adalah 101,4 kcal/mol. Natrium klorida mempunyai beberapa sifat termokimia dalam fasa padat pada tekanan 1 atm dan suhu 25°C ΔGf° 411.2, kj/mol, ΔHf° -384.1S° 72.1 dan C 50.5. Mobilitas ion natrium sebesar 5,19 m2s-1V-1 dan mobilitas ion klorin bernilai 7,91 m2s-1V-1.
Threats to belonging on Facebook: lurking and ostracism
Authors: Tobin Stephanie J. , Vanman Eric John , Verreynne Marnize , Saeri Alexander K
Published: February 2019

We examined two threats to belonging and related needs on Facebook: lurking (Study 1) and ostracism (Study 2). In Study 1, participants were either allowed or not allowed to share information on Facebook for 48 hours. Those who were not allowed to share information had lower levels of belonging and meaningful existence. In Study 2, participants engaged in a laboratory-based Facebook activity. Half of the profiles were set up so that participants would not receive any feedback on their status updates. Participants who did not receive feedback on their updates had lower levels of belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence. Together, these findings indicate that a lack of information sharing and feedback can threaten belonging needs.
Using Anchor-Based Methods to Determine the Smallest Effect Size of Interest
Authors: Anvari Farid , Lakens Daniel
Published: February 2019

Effect sizes are an important outcome of quantitative research, but few guidelines exist that explain how researchers can determine which effect sizes are meaningful. Psychologists often want to study effects that are large enough to make a difference to people’s subjective experience. Thus, subjective experience is one way to gauge meaningfulness of an effect. We illustrate how to quantify the minimum subjectively experienced difference—the smallest change in an outcome measure that individuals consider to be meaningful enough in their subjective experience such that they are willing to rate themselves as feeling different—using an anchor-based method with a global rating of change question applied to the positive and negative affect scale. For researchers interested in people’s subjective experiences, this anchor-based method provides one way to specify a smallest effect size of interest, which allows researchers to interpret observed results in terms of their theoretical and practical significance.
Welfare State Development in Latin America and the Caribbean (1970s–2000s): Multidimensional Welfare Index, Its Methodology and Results
Authors: Cruz-Martinez Gibran
Published: February 2019

There is an ongoing debate between focalization and universalization on welfare policies as the best way to develop the welfare state in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, there is a need to develop a measure that exhibits the multidimensional nature of the welfare state, instead of focusing on the social spending dimension. Segura-Ubiergo (The political economy of the welfare state in Latin America: globalization, democracy and development. Cambridge University Press, New York, 2007) constructed a welfare effort index (WEI) to facilitate understand the relative degrees of welfare state development among Latin American countries. The WEI focuses mainly on social spending and ignores the other dimensions of welfare. Based on a comparative analysis of 17 Latin American countries and following the methodology of Segura-Ubiergo, a new index that aims at enriching the WEI was constructed. The new index is multidimensional in that it has eight indicators relating to three dimensions of welfare: social spending, coverage of welfare programs and outcome of welfare institutions. Principal component analysis was used for reducing the indicators into three indexes that represent three proposed dimensions of welfare. The combination of these three indexes gives the multidimensional welfare index. The results of the index account for more than 75 % of the data variance.
The Digital Divide: An Inquiry from Feminist Perspectives
Authors: Gurung Lina
Published: February 2019

Exponential use of ICT has brought colossal opportunities as well as challenges to the present society. In spite of increasing women’s involvement in Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) , gender inequality has yet remained critical across the nations and globe. The uneven access and skills to technology has intensified the degree of digital divide specially for the women. Further the multifaced attribute of ICT and its relation with women is changing discourses among the feminist scholars. This is a conceptual paper which focuses on the deliberations of different feminists based on optimistic and pessimistic perspectives. Some studies show that the gender digital divide is getting intense while some have reported of alleviating gaps with more involvement of women. The concept of digital divide is beyond the access and includes various dimensions such as perception, usage, motivation, participation and skills. The paper deals with the tension between utopian and dystopian views on technology benefits. Through literature review this conceptual paper examines and discusses the diverse standpoints of feminist scholars from west and east which buzzes to redefine the relationship of gender with technology. It recommends that empowerment of women in technological domain is equally important as social, economic and political. Further women should be motivated from within to embrace ICT and get benefitted from its prospects. Resisting modern technology in the digital era would further widen the digital gap and thus make difficult to observe gender equality. More studies are required to explore the strategies for technological empowerment of women.
International Research on Parenting and Parent Education: Collaborative Conference and Beyond
Authors: Jacobson Arminta Lee , Seward Rudy Ray
Published: February 2019

Globally, parents in families are coping with major societal changes. Economic distress, shifting resource allocation, and other societal pressures challenge today’s parents. Consequently, scholars in growing numbers focus on issues related to parenting and parent education. The papers in this special issue represent a very small but geographically diverse sample of the research of current global research on parenting. Global issues related to public policy and practices in a changing world are examined. Specific topics include contemporary international issues of maternal and paternal leave, cross-cultural influences, parenting policies, fertility, and relationships between deviance and parenting. Earlier versions of the papers were presented by scholars at the 2009 International Conference on Parent Education and Parenting. The conference was the first joint meeting of the University of North Texas’ Center for Parent Education (CPE) and the International Sociological Association’s Committee on Family Research (CFR). Because of the success of this initial conference the collaboration has continued and the third annual international conference is being planned in 2011. Detailed information about the CPE, the 2009 conference, other international research, practice presentations, and directions for future research are presented.
“A Healthy Black Identity” Transracial Adoption, Middle-Class Families, and Racial Socialization
Authors: Butler-Sweet Colleen
Published: February 2019

In May of 2008 the Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute issued a report that questioned whether or not transracial adoption is truly in the best interest of the child, thus newly igniting the controversy over transracial adoption. While the research on this controversial topic is substantial, most studies (including those cited in the Donaldson Report) are limited in their scope. Drawing from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with middle-class young black adults, this study offers a broader perspective on transracial adoption by focusing on a range of parent/child race relationships in a class context. The impact of racialized family structure on black identity development is examined by comparing the experiences of young black adults raised in families with two black parents (monoracial), one white and one black parent (biracial), and two white parents (transracial). This article also addresses a void in the literature by focusing on the impact socioeconomic class has on identity formation, particularly middle-class black identity. Results indicate that the formative experiences of young black adults who differ in terms of racialized family structure but share a classstatusarelargely similar. These similarities challenge a number of assumptions that have been made in prior transracial adoption research.
Reconstruction of Gender Role in Marriage: Processes among Chinese Immigrant Wives
Authors: Yu Yan
Published: February 2019

Few studies of gender relations in immigrant families explore under what conditions gender role at one level of analysis is reproduced, revised, or resisted at another level of analysis. The current study aims to examine the complex processes of gender role reconstruction among the Chinese immigrant wives. In contrast to the findings in the studies of immigrant families, whereby traditional gender role ideology was challenged, the majority of Chinese immigrant couples in this particular sample re-created a traditional gender structure at home to respond to the structural constraints caused by immigration and to ease the tension brought by care deficit at work and at home. Marital interactions characterized by Chinese immigrant wives’ self-reflection and their husbands’ confirmation and disconfirmation significantly facilitated the gender role reconstruction.
Post Migration Changes in Iranian Immigrants’ Couple Relationships in Canada
Authors: Shirpak Khosro Refaie , Maticka-Tyndale Eleanor , Chinichian Maryam
Published: February 2019

Immigration presents a major life challenge, especially when the move is both geographical and across wide cultural divides. One of the areas of greatest challenge is in adjustments in gender and marital roles, perhaps because both of these are so close to the core of identity, self esteem, and sense of place in the world. This paper reports on research conducted with immigrants from Iran to Canada that examined how their experiences post-immigration affected their marital roles and relationship. Fifteen men and fifteen women who were born in Iran, immigrated to Canada, and were currently in heterosexual marriage or marriagelike relationships participated in in-depth interviews. Participants were well-educated, with none having less than 12 years of schooling and most having post-secondary training. Three highly imbricated areas of influence on their couple relationships emerged in the interviews: gender role adjustments, labour force difficulties, and changes in family structure. Consistent with the literature on immigrant adjustments, both men and women found each of these 3 posed challenges to their couple relationships. Men had difficulty accepting the freedom their wives had to dress, socialize and make decisions for themselves. Women also identified shortcomings to the “freedoms” they were afforded in Canada. The greatest challenge to men’s identities as “good husbands” was their loss of the breadwinner role. Women and men both faced difficulties integrating into the Canadian labour force, with these difficulties leading some to express a desire to return to Iran. The loss of extended family support and social networking were linked to loneliness and absence of wise mediators to help with couple-conflicts, but were also described as contributing to greater mutuality and closeness in couples. Couples spoke of creating a new, bicultural, identity and lifestyle to counter the stresses and tensions of acculturation.
Contact, Congregations, and Children of Color: The Effects of Interracial Contact in Religious Settings on Whites’ Attitudes towards Transracial Adoption
Authors: Perry Samuel L
Published: February 2019

On multiple occasions research has substantiated a positive relationship between interracial contact in religious settings and Whites’ attitudes towards interracial marriage, but would the same be true regarding other interracial family relationships? Moreover, would such a relationship hold true for both Protestants and Catholics? This study examines the effects of interracial contact in Protestant and Catholic churches on Whites’ attitudes towards transracial adoption (TRA). Using nationally representative survey data (N = 986), bivariate and multivariate analyses are employed to determine how an increase in the percentage of racial minorities at one’s church affects the TRA attitudes of Whites, while holding relevant social and ideological factors constant. Results indicate that Whites who attend the most uniracial churches are, ceteris paribus, significantly less likely to approve of TRA than Whites who attend churches with only a slightly greater percentage of racial minorities. These effects do not differ for Protestants or Catholics. Further research should be done to determine the extent to which significant social change can be fostered by interracial contact under certain positive conditions.
Wives’ Relative Income and Marital Satisfaction among the Urban Chinese Population: Exploring Some Moderating Effects
Authors: Zhang Huiping , Tsang Sandra K.M , Chi Peilian , Cheung Yee Tak , Zhang Xiulan , Yip Paul S.F
Published: February 2019

In contemporary urban China, the employment of married women has led to wives making an economic contribution to the family in both absolute and relative terms. However, little is known about the effect of wives’ relative income on marital satisfaction in the Chinese context. This study aims to address two key questions: (a) is wives’ relative income associated with marital satisfaction in the Chinese population? (b) Is this association dependent on any condition? Hierarchical multiple regression, using the data of 272 men and 340 women from five large cities in the 2004 Chinese Urban Household Survey, indicates that, after controlling for other variables, wives’ income relative to household income is negatively associated with marital satisfaction. We also find that this association has more negative impact on married women than married men. The implications of this study for further research and practice are discussed.
Second-Class Marriage? Civil Union in New Zealand
Authors: Baker Maureen , Elizabeth Vivienne
Published: February 2019

Since April 2005, both same-sex and oppositesex couples have been permitted to enter into civil unions in New Zealand, yet legal marriage is still reserved for heterosexuals. This paper explores the social differences between the two types of ‘marriage’ by drawing on official statistics and qualitative interviews with celebrants and long-term cohabitants who have legalized their unions or plan to do so in the near future. Using an interpretive framework, both sets of interviews revealed that civil unions are more likely than marriages to involve high levels of tension and conflict. Although opposite sex civil unions are rare, couples seem to use them to publicly oppose marriage. For same-sex civil unions, conflict is more related to negative perceptions about same-sex relationships, fears that the civil union would become a fractious second ‘coming out’, and debates within the gay/lesbian communities about the wisdom of two categories of ‘marriage’. Despite legal change in New Zealand, this study suggests that the civil union option is still perceived by many as a second-class marriage.
Risk and Protective Factors of Marital Adjustment to Crossborder Work Arrangement of Hong Kong Residents: The Perspective of Stationary Spouses
Authors: Lau Yuk King , Ma Joyce Lai Chong , Chan Ying Keung , He Liping
Published: February 2019

With the close economic relationship between Hong Kong and the Mainland, cross-border commuting work arrangements have become a common work-family arrangement of Hong Kong residents. Previous studies have focused on the detrimental influences of the cross-border work arrangement on family relationships. More recent studies with a resilience perspective have revealed that there are both risks and successes in family adjustment to the cross-border work arrangement. The resilience perspective was adopted as the conceptual framework of a crosssectional survey that aimed to explore the risk and protective factors in marital adjustment to the work-related separation. Positive copings of both spouses were found to be the most significant protective factors, while beliefs that the workrelated absence of a parent makes a family incomplete and worry over the infidelity of the traveling spouses were the most significant risk factors. Stationary wives reported a significantly lower level of marital satisfaction than their male counterparts. These results alert us that we should not lose sight on the special challenge of cross-border work arrangements when advocating for a normalizing perspective on families with one spouse working in the Mainland.
Is Men’s Share of Housework Reduced by ‘Gender Deviance Neutralization'? Evidence From Seven Countries
Authors: Simister John
Published: February 2019

This paper investigates a theory regarding the amount of housework carried out by men, called the ‘gender deviance neutralization’ hypothesis: men seem more resistant to doing housework, and women seem to do more housework than expected, if the wife earns more than her husband. It appears that attitudes to gender roles influence the behaviour of women and men, as regards housework. This paper studies time spent on housework by husbands and wives, using household surveys in seven countries: Cameroon, Chad, Egypt, India, Kenya, Nigeria, and UK. Previous evidence of a ‘curvilinear’ pattern is confirmed, which can be interpreted as support for the gender deviance neutralization hypothesis. An aspect of this paper is that ‘gender deviance neutralization’ seems more common in countries where it is rare for a woman to be the main earner – such as Egypt and India. In such traditional (gender-asymmetric) countries, men appear even more resistant to doing housework than in more modern (more gender-symmetrical) countries such as UK and Kenya. Domestic violence between husband and wife seems to be relevant to housework and women’s earnings. In some households, Gender-Based Violence (GBV) may be a response by a husband to his reduction in control over household decisions. There is some evidence that a husband’s alcohol consumption is related to the likelihood of GBV occurring in that household. Interactions between alcohol, domestic violence, and gender roles all seem to be inter-related with the distribution of housework between husband and wife.
Financial Transfers Between Adult Children and Parents in Migrant Families From The Former Soviet Union
Authors: Vogel Claudia , Sommer Elena
Published: February 2019

This paper examines patterns of financial transfers between adult children and their parents in migrant families from the former Soviet Union in Germany. Data from the survey on Ageing of Soviet Union Migrants (ASUM) 2011 allows to compare the exchange of financial transfers in migrant families with elderly parents living in Germany as opposed to migrant families with elderly parents living in the country of origin. Results indicate a substantial number of transnational child-parent relationships among ethnic German migrants from the former Soviet Union. As to the exchange of resources, while financial transfers typically flow from parents to adult children if migrant's parents live in Germany, this is not the case in transnational child-parent relationships, here financial transfers flow more often from adult children in Germany to the elderly parents abroad. We interpret these different patterns in the direction of giving and receiving financial transfers between adult children and parents in transnational or non-transnational relationships as differences in the welfare systems which guarantee different levels of provision for old age.
The Changes in Mainland Chinese Families During the Social Transition: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Xu Anqi , Xia Yan
Published: February 2019

China has seen a rapid urbanization and industrialization, and a dramatic improvement in the quality of life and living conditions since its economic reform started in 1980s. The changes in the social and economic context, and implementation of One Child Family Policy led to noticeable changes in family structure and relationship. While traditional extended families exist, there occur multiple forms of Chinese families, i.e. nuclear families, single-parent families, DINK families, the single person household and the cohabitant household. Some scholars view the changes as the deterioration of marriage and family values and growing emphasis on individualism. The current paper critically analyzes the major studies of Chinese families to understand the changes in family relationship, structure and values over the past 30 years. Three questions are asked: Has Chinese family become nuclear in structure and diverse in form? Have Chinese shifted their values from collective interests to individual interests? Has Chinese marriage become less important? The extended family is the dominant functional family form in which children and elderly are taken care of while nuclear family is the most common form. Single-person family, singleparent family, remarried family and childless family are a fraction of the population. Families continue to prioritize collective interest over individual interest. Overall Chinese value marriage. The first marriage is postponed. Premarital sex is less stigmatized, but cohabitation remains marginalized. Contemporary family is fluid and dynamic.
Parental Involvement and Children’s Educational Performance: A Comparison of Filipino and U.S. Parents
Authors: Blair Sampson Lee
Published: February 2019

Researchers have long noted that parental involvement can substantially influence children’s academic performance. There is a paucity of research which has focused on this relationship in developing nations. Using data from two surveys of parents, one sample from the Philippines, and one sample from the United States, this study examines the nature of parental involvement, and how it affects the school success of elementary students. Among American parents, direct involvement (e.g., helping with homework) yields positive benefits for children’s grade performance. Among Filipino parents, indirect forms of involvement (e.g., volunteering at their children’s schools) are associated with higher grade performance. Overall, Filipino parents are shown to be more active in their children’s school activities. The influence of parental involvement upon children’s performance in school is shown to vary substantially between the two countries, depending upon the type of parental involvement and household characteristics. Household income, in particular, yields distinctly different effects upon Filipino and U.S. children’s grade performance. The results are discussed within a social capital paradigm.