bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma análise retórico-argumentativa da peroração no pronunciamento de vitória de Barack Obama
Authors: Silva Bárbara Amaral da , Carvalho Bárbara Marques Barbosa de , Barbosa Rodrigo Seixas P. , Queiroz Valéria Schmid
Published: June 2015

A retórica é a capacidade de discernir os meios capazes de gerar persuasão em cada caso e, portanto, no discurso político, apresenta-se como capaz de mover e tocar as paixões do auditório através da exploração da doxa. Dentre todas as partes da exposição retórica, encontramos na peroração a primazia pelo pathos, pela comunhão com as afecções do auditório. Este artigo procura, pois, apresentar como se construíram as estratégias retórico-argumentativas na peroração de um pronunciamento de Barack Obama, buscando evidenciar as implicações patêmicas em cada uma das provas retóricas (ethos/pathos/logos/) e o uso da figura retórica da analogia .Abstract Rhetoric by definition aims to effectively use language and other means to persuade an audience in specific situations. Therefore, in political discourse, this practice can be used to motivate and touch the passions of the audience through the exploration of the doxa. Among all rhetorical organization, the peroration is the part in which pathos and audience’s affection are more emphasized. Thus, this article intends to clarify how the rhetorical and argumentative strategies were arranged in the peroration of Barack Obama’s speech and to evidence the pathemic implications in each rhetorical proof (ethos/pathos/logos).
Unlocking Spectral Versatility from Broadly−Tunable Quantum−Dot Lasers
Authors: White Stephanie , Cataluna Maria
Published: June 2015

Wavelength−tunable semiconductor quantum−dot lasers have achieved impressive performance in terms of high−power, broad tunability, low threshold current, as well as broadly tunable generation of ultrashort pulses. InAs/GaAs quantum−dot−based lasers in particular have demonstrated significant versatility and promise for a range of applications in many areas such as biological imaging, optical fiber communications, spectroscopy, THz radiation generation and frequency doubling into the visible region. In this review, we cover the progress made towards the development of broadly−tunable quantum−dot edge−emitting lasers, particularly in the spectral region between 1.0–1.3 µm. This review discusses the strategies developed towards achieving lower threshold current, extending the tunability range and scaling the output power, covering achievements in both continuous wave and mode−locked InAs/GaAs quantum−dot lasers. We also highlight a number of applications which have benefitted from these advances, as well as emerging new directions for further development of broadly−tunable quantum−dot lasers.
Flow Regime Classification and Hydrological Characterization: A Case Study of Ethiopian Rivers
Authors: Berhanu Belete , Seleshi Yilma , Demisse Solomon , Melesse Assefa
Published: June 2015

The spatiotemporal variability of a stream flow due to the complex interaction of catchment attributes and rainfall induce complexity in hydrology. Researchers have been trying to address this complexity with a number of approaches; river flow regime is one of them. The flow regime can be quantified by means of hydrological indices characterizing five components: magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, and rate of change of flow. Similarly, this study aimed to understand the flow variability of Ethiopian Rivers using the observed daily flow data from 208 gauging stations in the country. With this process, the Hierarchical Ward Clustering method was implemented to group the streams into three flow regimes (1) ephemeral, (2) intermittent, and (3) perennial. Principal component analysis (PCA) is also applied as the second multivariate analysis tool to identify dominant hydrological indices that cause the variability in the streams. The mean flow per unit catchment area (QmAR) and Base flow index (BFI) show an incremental trend with ephemeral, intermittent and perennial streams. Whereas the number of mean zero flow days ratio (ZFI) and coefficient of variation (CV) show a decreasing trend with ephemeral to perennial flow regimes. Finally, the streams in the three flow regimes were characterized with the mean and standard deviation of the hydrological variables and the shape, slope, and scale of the flow duration curve. Results of this study are the basis for further understanding of the ecohydrological processes of the river basins in Ethiopia.
La tarification téléphonique en France et en Europe (Telephone tariffs in France and in Europe)
Authors: Ciceri Marie-France
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - L'évolution des tarifs téléphoniques en Europe est guidée par le souci de réduire les péréquations tarifaires et de rapprocher les prix de la réalité des coûts. En France, la poursuite de cette évolution doit s'accompagner d'une réforme de la géographie tarifaire - mise en place des Zones Locales Elargies ou Z.L.E. - qui permettra de remédier aux insuffisances du système actuel.
La couverture pédologique : histoire de sa découverte ; actualité de son exploration (Soil cover : an history of its discovery, present aspects of its exploration)
Authors: Dosso Mireille , Ruellan A.
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - La recherche pédologique a été renouvelée par l'étude des sols des régions intertropicales, jadis considérés comme très uniformes, puis reconnus dans leur diversité à travers des études détaillées conduites dans le cadre des bassins-versants et utilisant des techniques nouvelles (micromorphologie). De l'étude de profils localisés, on passe à l'analyse des relations entre les profils en travaillant à l'échelle de l'unité de modelé. Ainsi peuvent être dégagés les facteurs d'organisation spatiale des sols.
Indices probables de solifluxion sur les pentes du Mont Mbankolo à Yaoundé (Intertropical type of solifluxion deposits. Cameroon)
Authors: Brochu Michel , Tangouenta Joseph , Tchotsoua Michel
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - A road cut, located at the north-western limit of Yaoundé, shows, on examination, a material presenting many of the criteria specific of solifluxion deposits : rock fragments oriented parallel to the slope, plastic and viscous matrix containing 37 % of clay and 8 % of water. On the whole, we encounter, by some convergence phenomenon, an actual solifluxion deposit of an intertropical type, but similar to those commonly described in cold environments.
Risques naturels en Afrique équatoriale. L'exemple du Gabon (Natural Hazards in Equatorial Africa. Gabon case)
Authors: Loubamono Solange , Faugères Lucien
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Les violents averses de la saison pluvieuse d'octobre 1988, réparties sur l'ensemble du Gabon, ont provoqué des inondations catastrophiques le long du cours de l'Ogooué et de ses principaux affluents. Les agglomérations ont été durement frappées, mais particulièrement Franceville et la ville de Lambaréné, la plus exposée aux risques d'inondation.

La prise de conscience récente de l'importance des risques d'origine naturelle au Gabon, jusqu'alors tenus pour négligeables, est liée à cet épisode au cours duquel des décisions importantes durent être prises. Pour tenter de discerner les causes profondes de l'apparition récente du phénomène, ainsi que pour évaluer l'efficacité du début de gestion des risques qui est alors mis en place pour lui répondre, deux études ont été entreprises sur les deux secteurs représentatifs de Franceville et Lambaréné. Elles montrent le rôle des dégradations du milieu d'origine anthropique, particulièrement sensibles le long du tracé du chemin de fer transgabonais.
Le défi démographique chinois (The Chinese vital challenge)
Authors: Zongxia Cai , Sigwalt Pierre
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - An analysis of the newest vital data issued from Chinese sources shows how broad is the scope of the Chinese vital challenge. It aims to ensure a balanced ressources/population development, or, in other words, to allow the survival of the people along with the development of the country. That means to develop new understandings and solidarities between the people to be able to resolve arising social welfare expenditure due to rapid urbanization and care needed by the elderly.

The pessimistic scenarios of evolution of Chinese vital factors justify the pursuit, or even the intensification, of the birth control programme. New educationnal programmes should focus on the necessity to develop new solidarities, to achieve a raisonnable vital growth at least during the next five decades, which could lead to a better balanced economical development of the economy.
L'organisation commerciale dans l'unité d'Aix-Marseille (The configuration of the commercial pattern on the scale of the urban unity of Aix-Marseille)
Authors: Vaudour-Jouve Nicole
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The configuration of the commercial pattern on the scale of the urban unity of Aix-Marseille, shows an imbalance between the suburban and the periphéric borders of the two agglomerations ; the latter are overequiped with hypermarkets and their commercial hypercenters appear relatively to stagnate. The dichotomy of localizations which derives from recent changes in the distribution systems, reflects a logic of profitability prospected by great commercial firms on the most attractive places for customers. It deletes the bearing of town planning policies. Such delocalization trends caracterizing commercial creations correspond to a general loosening movement of town activities ; they reopen the debate on the perception of centrality.
Le commerce de détail à Rochefort : la dualité centre-périphérie (Retail commerce in Rochefort. The town centre-peripheral area duality)
Authors: Soumagne Jean
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Centre modeste qui sort d'une longue phase d'atonie, Rochefort a connu au vingtième siècle une reconversion commerciale ; elle se caractérise par une adaptation des structures aux importants changements de clientèle et par le développement de zones commerciales d'entrée de ville. Ces dernières présentent des spécialisations complémentaires du commerce central qui s'affine ; ces zones captent des flux périurbains ou du passage.
Le centre commercial de La Défense : pôle restructurateur du commerce de banlieue ? (Commercial center and new spatial organisation in La Défense)
Authors: Metton Sophie
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The commercial centre of La Defense, located in a dense part of the Paris suburb and inaugurated in 1981, had a strong influence on the preexisting commerce. It led to a structural transformation of commerce which became complementary and shifted towards quality service activities. It also led to the spatial restructuring of commercial activities up till then fragmented around multiple centres, by relocating them in a new hierarchy dependent on this commercial complex of regional interest.
Aménagement urbain et développement commercial : le cas de Lisbonne (Commercial development and urban planning in Lisbon)
Authors: Marrou Louis
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - La partie centrale de la ville de Lisbonne connaît à la fin des années 1980 de profondes modifications sur le plan urbain et commercial. Le développement de l'agglomération et la diffusion de nouvelles formules de vente (libre-service ; grandes surfaces) ont entraîné une nouvelle répartition des activités commerciales au profit des quartiers périphériques de la capitale portugaise. L'avenir du vieux centre commerçant de la Baixa, reconstruit après le séisme de 1755 et touché par l'incendie du quartier du Chiado en 1988, est au cœur des préoccupations des autorités municipales. La comparaison des différentes formes de centralité commerciale aboutit à la mise en évidence d'une inégale commercialité des lieux.
La dansomanie de 1374 : hérésie ou maladie ?
Authors: Braekman Madeleine
Published: June 2015

In 1374 duiken overal in het land van Luik tijdens vier maand dansers op. De dansmanie is een van die zenuwziekten waartegen de kerk reageert met duiveluitdrijvingspraktijken. Het kontakt met dit fenomeen wekt bij de Luikse bevolking een latent gevoel van anticléricalisme op. Er bestaat weinig verband tussen ketterij en dansmanie. De geestelijkheid wordt eerst door de bevolking becritiseerd maar later geloofd. De burgerlijke overheid wil alleen maar de orde handhaven. De kroniekschrijvers schuiven de aktie van het volk op de rug van de dansers en spreken een beschuldiging van ketterij uit.
Comptabilités urbaines et histoire monétaire (1384-1482)
Authors: Clauzel Denis
Published: June 2015

The monetary history of the Low-countries in the Burgundian times is still ill-known. This article rests on the examination of about a hundred urban accounts of Lille and yields three additionnai elements to previous studies.

The search for a "good currency", strong and stable, is a constant concern for the Dukes of Burgundy. But their monetary bills are not always thoroughly enforced by the Lille accountants. They often deviate when the attempts at stricter rules seem unreasonable, even if this complicates their task and tangles up their accounts.

The princes' absolutism cannot in fact be freely exercised. Money is a good whose value is submitted to the laws of the market. The incidence of the fluctuations of the market prices of fine silver on the legal currency is decisive. The shortage of cash compels the ducal power to alter its currencies.

A monetary policy cannot be indifferent to the international environment. Flemish and French currencies were thus carefully adjusted. To speak of a system of fixed currency equivalence is not anachronistic. Before Gresham, the dukes had understood, phrased and applied this rule. This played as a constraint against devaluation.
La violence en fête : la course de l'Epinette à Lille à la fin du Moyen Age
Authors: Fouret Claude
Published: June 2015

In de XVde eeuw was er geen veiligheid. Om aan het onzeker levensgevoel te ontsnappen, organiseerden de burgers van de steden feesten. In Rijsel was dat o.a. de wedstrijd van de "épinette" met karnaval. Eerst was er de verkiezing van de koning van de "épinette", daarna de kroningsmaaltijd, dan de inkomst van de steekspelers en dan het tornooi. Gedurende het feest probeerde de Rijselse burgerij de prinselijke gewoonten na te apen. Ogenschijnlijk nam zij dus ridderlijk ideaal over en stelde een ritueel in dat toeliet het geweld in andere banen te leiden, te sublimeren en een vorm van maatschappelijk leven te scheppen.
Pas d'histoire, les femmes du Nord ?
Authors: Gillet Marcel
Published: June 2015

Ce numéro spécial de la Revue du Nord consacre pour la première fois l'essentiel de son contenu à ces femmes du nord de la France qui furent longtemps les grandes muettes et oubliées de l'Histoire. Il réunit des études de première main qui privilégient l'analyse des comportements et des mentalités ouvrières, mais de façon non exclusive et toujours comparative, et il souligne notamment les sédiments laissés par la culture paysanne traditionnelle. Le droit à l'identité et à la différence de ces femmes du Nord se trouve souligné — et avancé en marchant.
La délinquance au féminin : crimes et répression dans le Nord (1880-1913)
Authors: Vlamynck Alain
Published: June 2015

De wrouwelijke misdadigheid stelt een probleem : zij werd door de criminologen van die tijd te lient bevonden om er veel aandacht aan te schenken. Zij verklaarden het bescheiden karakter van deze criminaliteit door het biologisch feit, maar vermeldden, ook het grote verborgen gevaar van de vrouwelijke misdadigheid. De nadruk gelegd op het pathobiologisch karakter van het "zwakke geslacht" leidt tot een verkeerde opvatting van een specifieke misdadigheid en verbergt de conf I ictrelatie met de gemeenschap. De sociale reactie tegenover de vrouwelijke delinquenten ontsnapt niet aan de ethiek van het natuurlijke gedrag : de misda- den van de vrouwen staan in verband met het sociaal en biologisch verwacht gedrag.
Des Polonaises parlent : mémoires d'immigrées dans le Nord/ Pas-de-Calais entre les deux guerres mondiales
Authors: Ponty Janine
Published: June 2015

Through the study of the stories of their lives written by two Polish women having immigrated in the interwar period, one a miner's wife in the Pas-de-Calais, the other working in the textile industry of the Nord, one can make out certain characteristic features of the existence of these foreign women particularly poor and morally upset by their transplantation : a very often short stay in France because the economical crisis leads to frequent repatriation, a homesickness all the stronger that in the majority of cases they do not succeed in learning the French language, a stronger religious belief and practise than that of the French women belonging to the same social class. Here will be found too a study on the wedding age, the fertility rate and the situation of the woman in the couple.
Les femmes du Nord face à l'avortement (de 1975 à nos jours)
Authors: Olivier-Friguet Guy
Published: June 2015

Les pratiques abortives ont toujours été condamnées par les autorités civiles. Cette interdiction n'a jamais été suffisante pour dissuader les femmes de recourir à l'avortement. Autorisé en 1975, celui-ci peut-être effectué désormais dans de bonnes conditions de sécurité. Malheureusement, l'opposition du corps médical et des notables a paralysé en partie l'application de la loi et les femmes du Nord ont souvent été mal accueillies dans les services hospitaliers. La situation a surtout été difficile dans le Pas-de-Calais où les cliniques privées ont dû suppléer en partie les défaillances du secteur public. L'avortement est une pratique relativement fréquente qui intéresse trois femmes sur quatre. Ce sont les veuves et les divorcées qui y recourent le plus fréquemment. Dans la région, les différences sont peu marquées entre les célibataires et les femmes mariées. Beaucoup de préjugés restent à vaincre pour obtenir des femmes et des médecins une meilleure utilisation des méthodes contraceptives. Le coït interrompu demeure en effet la méthode de prédilection des couples du Nord, de préférence aux autres méthodes de contraception. L'avortement restera sans doute une constante de nos sociétés développées, mais bien mené il ne connaîtra plus les effets destructeurs de l'avortement clandestin.
A hybrid electron donor comprising cyclopentadithiophene and dithiafulvenyl for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Sorohhov Gleb , Yi Chenyi , Grätzel Michael , Decurtins Silvio , Liu Shi-Xia
Published: June 2015

Two new photosensitizers featured with a cyanoacrylic acid electron acceptor (A) and a hybrid electron donor (D) of cyclopentadithiophene and dithiafulvenyl, either directly linked or separated by a phenyl ring, were synthesized and characterized. Both of them undergo two reversible oxidations and strongly absorb in the visible spectral region due to a photo-induced intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) transition. To a great extent, the electronic interaction between the D and A units is affected by the presence of a phenyl spacer. Without a phenyl ring, the D unit appears more difficult to oxidize due to a strong electron-withdrawing effect of the A moiety. In sharp contrast, the insertion of the phenyl ring between the D and A units leads to a broken π-conjugation and therefore, the oxidation potentials remain almost unchanged compared to those of an analogue without the A group, suggesting that the electronic coupling between D and A units is relatively weak. As a consequence, the lowest-energy absorption band shows a slight hypsochromic shift upon the addition of the phenyl spacer, indicative of an increased HOMO–LUMO gap. In turn, the direct linkage of D and A units leads to an effective π-conjugation, thus substantially lowering the HOMO–LUMO gap. Moreover, the application in dye-sensitized solar cells was investigated, showing that the power conversion efficiency increases by the insertion of the phenyl unit.
Three and Four Horizontal Muscle Surgery for Large Angle Exotropia
Authors: Chen John H. , Morrison David G. , Donahue Sean P.
Published: June 2015

Purpose:

Surgery on two horizontal recti typically is most effective for angles less than 40 prism diopters (PD). The authors evaluate their experience operating on three or four rectus muscles for angles exceeding 40 PD.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review of 47 patients who underwent a first surgical procedure for a large angle comitant exodeviation. Patients were observed for a minimum of 2 months. Success was defined as deviation ±10 PD.

Results:

Median age was 48 years (range: 1 to 79 years). Thirty-four patients underwent three muscle surgery and 13 underwent four muscle surgery. Mean preoperative angles were 55 ± 9.8 and 72 ± 8.8 PD, respectively. Following three muscle surgery, rates of success, undercorrection, and overcorrection were 67%, 27%, and 7% at 2 months and 42%, 58%, and 0% at final follow-up (12 ± 8.7 months), respectively. Rates for four muscle surgery were 44%, 33%, and 22% at 2 months and 50%, 38%, and 13% at final follow-up (11 ± 12.2 months), respectively. Patients who were successfully aligned at 2 months had a mean preoperative angle of 55 PD, whereas those who were undercorrected had a mean preoperative angle of 67 PD (
P
= .009). Between 1 week and 2 months, 77% of patients experienced exotropic drift averaging 10 ± 9.1 PD. By final follow-up, 90% experienced exotropic drift averaging 15 ± 14.1 PD. Success rates for traditional and adjustable suture surgeries did not differ significantly.

Conclusions:

Three and four horizontal muscle surgeries are effective for correcting large angle exotropia. Higher preoperative deviations predisposed to undercorrection. Postoperative exotropic drift should be anticipated.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(5):305–310.]
Reduction in Rectus Muscle Recession Depending on the Distance Between Rectus Muscle Suture Placement and Scleral Insertion in Rabbit Eyes
Authors: Ryu Won Yeol , An Seoung Hyun
Published: June 2015

Purpose:

To quantitatively determine how a large tendon remnant reduces the effect of the rectus muscle recession procedure with respect to the distance between the placement of the muscle suture and the scleral insertion.

Methods:

Thirty-six eyes from 18 rabbits were randomly divided into four groups according to the distance between the superior rectus muscle suture placement and the scleral insertion (1, 2, 3, and 4 mm). The superior rectus muscle was sutured at the previously listed distances from the insertion. Each superior rectus muscle was reattached using a scleral pass at a site 4 mm posterior to its original insertion. The amount of recession was measured as the distance between the most anterior aspect of the reattached muscle and the original insertion site.

Results:

The mean amount of recession was 4.07 ± 0.25 mm in the 1-mm group and 2.76 ± 0.55 mm in the 4-mm group at postoperative week 4. There were significant differences in the amount of recession between the four groups. Linear regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between the distance of the muscle suture placement from the scleral insertion and the amount of recession (
r
2
= 0.521). The superior rectus muscle was estimated to be reattached 0.437 mm anterior to the desired location for every 1 mm that the muscle suture was placed posterior to the scleral insertion.

Conclusions:

The potential error that depends on the distance between the muscle suture placement and the scleral insertion should be considered to reduce undercorrection and ensure a good surgical outcome.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2015;52(5):294–298.]
Surgical Treatment of V-pattern Exotropia in Crouzon Syndrome
Authors: Qiao Tong , Wang Gang , Xiong Juan , Luo Wenting , Chen Juan
Published: June 2015

Purpose:

Strabismus affects as many as 60% to 70% of patients with Crouzon syndrome. V-pattern strabismus is common and is thought to be secondary to severe oblique muscle dysfunction. The complex motility disorders produced by abnormal extraocular muscles in this syndrome can be difficult to manage. Few studies have reported findings regarding the extraocular muscles or how to plan and adapt the required surgery for this condition.

Methods:

The surgical management and outcomes of four patients with Crouzon syndrome who had undergone craniofacial reconstruction surgery were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:

All patients showed significant improvement in the primary eye position, but had residual ocular motility dysfunction postoperatively, especially relating to the up gaze position. During surgery it was noted that the lateral rectus muscle or superior oblique tendons were absent or anomalous in one of the four patients. In two of the patients, there was an absence of both inferior rectus muscles. The extraocular muscles were examined pathologically and revealed evidence of tendon capsule and mild fiber degeneration.

Conclusions:

Strabismus in Crouzon syndrome is complex and the absence of certain extraocular muscles is unpredictable. It is not possible to perform strabismus surgery according to a defined surgical plan; one needs to adapt according to the patient’s individual anatomy. Also, the strabismus is difficult to completely correct. However, improving ocular motility in the most functional fields of gaze will benefit the quality of life for both children and their families.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(5):299–304.]
Synthesis of the Fe-6.5% wt. Si Alloy by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Stanciu Cristina Daniela , Popa Florin , Chicinaş Ionel , Isnard Olivier
Published: June 2015

Fe-Si alloy with a large Si content of 6.5 wt. % is obtained in nanocrystalline state by mechanical alloying of elemental iron and silicon powders. The mechanical alloying process was carried out using a high energy ball mill in argon atmosphere. Samples were collected after 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours of ball milling. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicate that after 4 hours of milling the Fe-Si alloy is formed. The powder magnetisation decreases upon increasing the milling time up to 4 hours as a consequence of the Fe-Si alloy formation. Upon heating, the DSC studies show the Fe3Si compound formation in the samples milled for milling times lower than 6 hours. Also, the Curie temperature of the alloy was evidenced.
Nonstandard Mathematical Model for Fatigue Failure
Authors: Cardei Petru , Voicu Gheorghe , Matache Mihai , Voicea Iulian , Muraru Vergil , Ludig Mihai
Published: June 2015

Tests performed under simulated regime, use simulating tools with different structures and often have a corresponding physical test to complete certain conclusions in order to explain complex phenomena that are difficult, impossible, or very costly to run physically. Computer simulations are also called virtual tests beside which there are mechanical or small scale analog simulators. Among the virtual tests for mechanical structures there are structural analysis tests that use numerical analysis methods. Sometimes, in order to understand the phenomena that occurs in the material structure, new complex theoretical models were used for explaining the material quality change. One such application is proposed, which incorporates an old author’s model, for the fatigue and quality phenomenon study of the material change.
Modeling the Flow in Nanostructured Sensors within Hybrid Welding Systems
Authors: Savu Sorin Vasile , Savu Ionel Danut , Ghiba Mihai
Published: June 2015

This paper aims to present the recent results in modeling flows behavior in some specific nanostructured sensors. The sensor’s concept is based on the advanced properties of the nanostructured materials. That is because the results in the field of the nanotechnologies showed that the sensors that are using advanced nanostructured materials are smaller, more precise, faster in response, and more efficient. The efficiency of such new type of sensor is claimed by some aspects which appear during the hybrid welding process.
Controllable Pitch Propeller System Using the Shaft Line Energy
Authors: Popa Teodor , Cupsa Ovidiu Sorin
Published: June 2015

The newest technologies in the maritime field have gained a special dynamics over the last years. In particular it has been sought the improvement of the systems, procedures and rules related to environmental protection, but at the same time, lowering the fuel consumption has been targeted through various residual energy recovery methods, with an eye on lowering gas emissions in the atmosphere, in general, and CO2 in particular.This paper is aimed at just this target and it proposes a new controllable pitch propeller changing mechanism to be analysed, that would lead to lowering of energy consumption and by default to a reduction in the fuel consumption used by the diesel-generator.
Technical and Economic Contributions in the Field of Monitoring and Reducing the Impact of the Oil and Gas Industry on the Environmental Factors
Authors: Albu Mădălina
Published: June 2015

Like any other industrial activity, the production of hydrocarbons affects the environment both through the performance of actual technological process and through undesired accidents, which may occur.The paper presents technical and economic contributions in the field of monitoring and reducing the ecological impact of petroleum exploitation on the environment and an analysis of technologies used to remove pollution from soils and the subsurface contaminated by hydrocarbons. The first part presents the stream of drilling and production activities and the impact of oil and gas reservoir exploitation on the environment. Also, an assessment of pollution sources and oil industry specific agents is performed.The case study is performed based on the documentation prepared by PETROM S.A., a member of OMV Group, in connection with Moinesti Operating Area, which includes the investigation performed in Cucuieţi structure and on the samples taken from the area and investigates in the specialized laboratories the Oil and Gas University in Ploieşti.In the last part of this paper, the most important conclusions are presented. They outline the strengths and different issues relating to pollution removal technologies that were presented, but also the results of the performed studies.
Aspects about Using Onicescu Method for Studying Problems of Environmental Quality
Authors: Grecu Luminita
Published: June 2015

The aim of the paper is to present some aspects about Onicescu multi-criteria decision method and its application in decision problems regarding environmental quality. The mentioned method is applied to an air pollution problem, namely a problem in which we want to rank the counties from a certain region with respect to a complex air quality characteristic, a characteristic which incorporates all the most important air pollutants that exist in the considered region. Both variants of this method are applied in this paper and a comparison study between them is also made.
Considerations on the Optimization of River Information Services Records
Authors: Ghiba Mihai
Published: June 2015

This paper makes a comparative analysis of the data recorded and used in inland transport activity using the information recorded in "electronic ship reporting" and in "automatic information service” in the River Information Services - Vessel Traking and Tracing standard. The main objective is the accuracy of records, ensuring their integration through the application of recorded data. Their integration allows the realization of e-LogBook objectives and e-Service Record Book, documents that are currently being used in written form. Thus, the accuracy of information records in electronic documents increases and enables their effective use in the interest of operators, shipowners and crew. Thus, risk factors are diminished in favor of safety factors in terms of crew and ship.
Research of the Fe2O3 Powder Granulation Effect on BaFe12O19 Firing Temperature
Authors: Stefan Iulian , Olei Adrian , Nicolicescu Claudiu
Published: June 2015

In the paper is presented the study of the Fe2O3powders granulation effect on the firing parameters for the BaCO3+6Fe2O3powder mixture. The Fe2O3powders were milled in a ball mill in wet medium. The results indicated that the granulation of Fe2O3powders decreased rapidly with the increase of milling time. The Fe2O3milled powders were then mixed with unmilled barium carbonate powders in order to form barium hexaferrite. After mixing, the powders were analized by thermogravimetric point of view and then the obtained barium hexaferrite samples were investigated by XRD analysis. It was observed that the firing temperature of the hexaferrites decreases with 10 degrees when we introduce in the mixture Fe2O3milled powders with a fine granulation.
Composite Compacts of Fe/Fe3O4 Type Obtained by Mechanical Milling-Sintering-Annealing Route
Authors: Marinca Traian Florin , Neamţu Bogdan Viorel , Chicinaş Ionel , Popa Florin , Pascuta Petru
Published: June 2015

Fe/Fe2O3composite powders were obtained by mechanical milling of iron and hematite up to 120 minutes in a high energy planetary ball mill. The particles size decreases by mechanical milling upon the formation of the Fe/Fe2O3composite particles. After 120 minutes of milling the median particles size is at 7.2 μm. The Fe/Fe3O4type composite were obtained by reactive sintering in argon atmosphere at 1100 °C of the Fe/Fe2O3composite powders milled for 60 and 120 minutes. After sintering a FeO-wüstite residual phase is formed and this phase is eliminated by applying a subsequent annealing at a temperature of 550 °C. The sintered compact before and after annealing is composed by a quasi-continuous iron matrix in which are embedded iron oxides clusters (Fe3O4and FeO before annealing and Fe3O4after annealing). The iron oxide clusters are analogous with the Widmanstatten structure observed in steels before and after annealing. The materials have been investigated using laser particle size analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction.
Nanocrystalline/Nanosized Fe3O4 Powder Obtained by Mechanosynthesis
Authors: Marinca Traian Florin , Neamţu Bogdan Viorel , Chicinaş Ionel , Isnard Olivier
Published: June 2015

Nanocrystalline/nanosized magnetite - Fe3O4powder was obtained by mechanical milling of well crystallized magnetite obtained by ceramic method starting from stoichiometric mixture of commercial hematite - Fe2O3and iron - Fe powders. The mean crystallites size of the magnetite is decreasing upon increasing the milling time down to 6 nm after 240 minutes of milling. After 30 minutes of milling an undesired hematite phase is formed in the material. The amount of this phase increases upon increasing the milling time. In the early stage of milling (up to 30 minutes) the existence of nanometric particles (mean size below 100 nm) is noticed. The d50median diameter decreases first (up to 5 minutes of milling) and after that, an increase follows for milling times up to 120 minutes. Saturation magnetization decreases upon increasing the milling time and is more difficult to saturate. X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analysis and magnetic measurements have been used for powder characterization.
Explosive Compaction of Solid Inert Three-Component Mixtures Taking into Account a Different Thickness of the Explosive Axial Layer
Authors: Ivanova Oxana V. , Zelepugin Sergey A.
Published: June 2015

We consider the axisymmetric problem of explosive compaction of a mixture from aluminum, sulfur and carbon placed into a cylindrical steel ampoule. The inert substance (graphite) is added to the mixture to avoid the reaction between aluminum and sulfur. We found the essential influence of the thickness of the explosive layer on the final result of explosive compaction. Insufficient thickness of explosives, as well as the excessive thickness may be a reason for an incompletely compacted final product or lead to the formation of cracks or damage.
Acoustic and Elastic Properties of Cu3Au Alloyin in the Field of High Temperature
Authors: Tesleva Elena P.
Published: June 2015

The article studies the elastic properties of anisotropy and interatomic anharmonicity in a two-component Cu3Au alloy with positional order-disorder within the high temperature interval of 300 К and 725 К. It provides calculations on velocities of purely transverse and longitudinal elastic waves, elastic moduli (Young’s, shear, adiabatic bulk moduli) and Poisson’s ratios based on the stiffness constants сij(T) of the crystal. Sound velocity values were employed for determining the temperature changes of Grüneisen parameter along the crystallographic directions [100], [110] and [111].
Controllable Decomposition in Ahm Crystals in Ultraviolet Radiation
Authors: Rodzevich A.P. , Ivakhnyuk S.V. , Krasheninin V.I. , Gazenaur E.G. , Marenets V.G.
Published: June 2015

Solid-phase chemical reaction speed control is one of the most essential problems of physics and chemistry of solid bodies. Special attention is paid to the studies of sensitivity and stability of explosive substances (ES). Fundamental issues of studies of azides of heavy metals (AHM) are connected with developing ways of controlling new chemical reactions – solid-phase chain reactions in which electron excitations of a crystal lattice serve as active particles. Applied value is determined by safety issues of ES that include such wide range of problems as storage, transfer, destruction, etc.The result of this work is the use of the experimental results for purposeful change of energetic material
Influence of High-Concentrated Heat Sources on Alloying Elements Transition into the Weld Metal
Authors: Mamadaliev R.A. , Kuskov V.N. , Zemenkov U.D. , Popova A.A.
Published: June 2015

12Kh18N10T (foreign counterpart AISI 321) and 20Kh13 (foreign counterpart AISI 420) steel plates were welded using a conventional VDU-506 electronic arc welder and a Handy TIG 180 AC/DC Control Pro inverter. We determined regression equations describing the content correlation of chromium, nickel and manganese in the weld metal with the value of the heat input of the heat source. The type of the heat source has almost no influence on the extent of alloying elements transition into the weld metal (within the measurement accuracy) apart from using CL-9 electrodes.
Effect of Load Ratio on Fatigue Failure Micromechanisms of Railway Axle Steel
Authors: Maruschak Pavlo , Sorochak Andriy , Panin Sergey V.
Published: June 2015

The paper presents the basic regularities of fatigue failure of the railway wheelset axle material – OsL steel (C - 0,40—0,48 %; Mn - 0,55—0,85 %; Si - 0,15—0,35 %; P < 0,04%; S < 0,045 %; Cr < 0,3 %; Ni < 0,3 %; Cu < 0,25 %). It was revealed that under loading stress ratio R = 0, fatigue crack growth is 2 ... 4 times lower than that at the asymmetry R = -1. In doing so, amplitude of stress intensity factor vary in the range of 20 – 35 MPa√m. The micromechanisms of fatigue crack growth are described and systematized, while physical-mechanical interpretations of the relief morphology at different stages of its growth are offered.
Methods of Considering Reliability in the Quality Evaluation Procedure for Composite Metal Cutting Tools
Authors: Artamonov E.V. , Vasilega D.S. , Ostapenko M.S.
Published: June 2015

In terms of method for evaluating the quality of composite metal cutting tools, a need to regard reliability as a factor, consisting of several components, is grounded. It is discovered, that thermal compatibility of processed material and material of the tool, has a significant impact on composite cutters’ durability. So does the force of stress, created in the cutting edge. In order to take all these factors into account when evaluating the quality of metal cutting tools, the need to include stress and thermal compatibility coefficients has been proven. Means to determine the attributes needed and formulas for calculation of those coefficients had been developed. The methods we created can be used for the evaluation of both the existing tools and for the perspective tools currently being developed.
The Mathematical Model of Metal Melt State under Induction Melting
Authors: Nikulin I. , Perminov A.
Published: June 2015

In this paper mathematical model is developed for the study of metal melt flows general regularities in non-uniform alternating magnetic field, in which cylindrical area filed with paramagnetic conducting melt is considered, the symmetry axis is directed vertically. The model include the equations describing spatial magnetic field distribution, the equations for induced currents, the equation of heat energy transfer that includes movement of media and volume heat sources, the equation of melt convection in Boussinesq’s approximation including of Lorentz force action to the melt. The boundary conditions for the melt velocities, magnetic fields and heat fluxes are described detail. The governing equations and boundary conditions are given in dimensionless form. The results of numerical experiments with different magnetic Reynolds number are given.
The Theoretical Principles of Sheet Metal Forming Processes Intensification Based on Anisotropy
Authors: Grechnikov Fedor V. , Erisov Yaroslav A.
Published: June 2015

Anisotropy of properties is known to be a fundamental material characteristic, which stems from its crystal structure and texturing under plastic deformation. The influence of an anisotropy on the processing and service characteristics of products can be not only negative, but also positive. In this article in order to efficiently use anisotropy of properties in metal forming processes it is described a variation of anisotropic medium plasticity theory with reference to material deformation characteristic and it is analyzed the effect, produced by anisotropy on material behavior in different technological operations (drawing, bending, stretch-forming, etc.). As a result, intensification of deformation processes, increase of production efficiency and improvement of product quality and serviceability become possible.
Segmentation and Statistical Processing of Geometric and Spatial Data on Self-Organized Surface Relief of Statically Deformed Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Lytvynenko Iaroslav , Maruschak Pavlo , Lupenko Sergiy , Panin Sergey V.
Published: June 2015

The methods of segmentation and statistical processing of the data on the relief formation on the self-organized surface of the statically deformed alloy D16chT are used. This allowed determining the signal parameters, segment structure and morphological peculiarities of self-organization as the data of the cyclic random process model. The mathematical methods are proposed, which allow increasing the accuracy, reliability and informative value of the profilometric data processing in diagnostic systems of control of the surface condition.
Electronic Circuit Design of Power Supplies for Welding in Ltspice Iv Program
Authors: Krampit M.A. , Krampit N.Yu.
Published: June 2015

The authors observe some programs for anelectronic circuit simulation and basic principles for circuit computation and design. They observe some problems with an arc simulation and a power supply simulation for welding; they also give particular solution methods for these problems. The paper gives examples of a welding power supplies design and their comparison with real-world ones. The authors consider cost and time saving when designing power supplies.
Comparative Analysis of the Lip Seal in Hydraulic Power Cylinder
Authors: Buyalich G.D. , Buyalich K.G.
Published: June 2015

The natureofthe hydraulic power cylinderseal assembly operation with high working fluid pressure, different geometrical parameters oflip-type seal, is revealed. The method of hermetic sealingprocess modelingaccording to the simplifiedmodelusing finite element method is considered.
Finite Element Models of Disk Tools with Attachment Points on Triangular Prisms
Authors: Khoreshok A.A. , Mametyev L.E. , Borisov A.Yu. , Vorobyov A.V.
Published: June 2015

The paper presents simulation of the stress-strain state of various designs of disk tool attachment points on triangular prisms of radial bits of the roadheaders working body when cutting of coal and rock face.
Electrochemical Research of the Multilayer Corrosion Resistant Material
Authors: Rozen A.E. , Los` I.S. , Kireev S.Yu. , Perelygin Yu.P.
Published: June 2015

The aim of the article is to research of the multilayer corrosion resistant material with «sacrificial pitting protection». The original chemical and electrochemical methods were developed for investigation of multilayer corrosion resistant material. It has been found that the size of free pitting corrosion zone is depending on the square of internal protection. The 12X18H10T steel’s potential change on the distance from the protector was measured. Results of research confirmed principle of “sacrificial pitting protection” and determined the direction of further tests.
Numerical Analysis of Gasdynamic Characteristics of Vortex Ring
Authors: Khramtsov I.V. , Pisarev P.V. , Palchikovskiy V.V. , Bulbovich R.V. , Pavlogradskiy V.V.
Published: June 2015

In the framework of the research the authors have solved the problem of formation and dynamics of the vortex ring. Intensive turbulent vortex rings produced by piston generators have been considered. The research has been carried out on the basis of numerical simulations in fluid dynamics program ANSYS CFX using the high-performance computing system. We have obtained the dynamic and geometrical characteristics of the vortex ring on the basis of numerical experiments. The results are in agreement with self-similar law of vortex ring dynamics and experimental results. The authors have analyzed the influence of piston velocity on the vortex ring properties. The structure of the generated vortex ring has been found to be stable, which is important for experimental studies of acoustic properties of this object.
Development of Method of Rapid Analysis of Particle Size Distribution of the Coal Charge Based on Digital Image Processing
Authors: Tailakov O.V. , Makeev M.P. , Kormin A.N. , Smyslov A.I.
Published: June 2015

Therein algorithms of application of digital models for evaluation of porosity and fractional composition of coals based on analysis of their optical images are offered. The models allow allocating significant informational objects and estimation of structural and filtration properties of coals. The results of algorithms application on recognition of the optical images of coals are presented, the particle size distribution of coal charge and porosity of coal is defined.
Efficiency of the Determined Model of Power Consumption by Nonlinear Closed Slow-Response Production
Authors: Zaytseva Natalya M.
Published: June 2015

It is impossible to predict energy consumption without sufficient degree of accuracy for power-consuming nonlinear inertial industries at change of technological parameters. This problem is solved by the simplified and determined model based on the equations of material balance of streams for substance.
The Model for Estimate of Cylindrical Machined Surfaces Parameters
Authors: Pechenin Vadim Andreevich , Bolotov Michael Alexandrovich , Yanyukina M.V.
Published: June 2015

In the paper we propose an approximation model of the measured point cloud for machined cylindrical surfaces. The developed model is different from the traditional view because it relies on the contact of mating surfaces. The model allows to determine the parameters of cylindrical surfaces such as the coordinates of the center and the radius. To evaluate the geometrical parameters of the model the objective function is formulated, which characterizes the nature of the interface and a number of limitations. The approximation problem is solved by use of nonlinear optimization methods. The model takes into account the surfaces contact, which influences in deformation of its irregularities. The irregularities it is form deviations and surface roughness. The application of the model on the example of the shaft coupling with the inner ring of the bearing. There is given an estimate of geometric parameters for interfacing compared to method of least squares, which is widely used for coordinate measurements. As a result of research it was obtained that the proposed method can predict more accurately the parameters, which describe the location of the cylindrical surfaces made during assembly.