bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religious Rituals and Environmental Issues: Intergenerational Perceptions on Well-being
Authors: Sarkar Sanjoy
Published: March 2019

The basic concern of this article is to explore the people’s nature of acceptance on the initiatives taken by different national and international organisations to increase the well-being of common people irrespective of their origin of residence and other socio-economic variables. The comparative features of rural and urban communities in relation to their basic scope and infrastructure conceptualise the world around them. When they are practising religious rituals, then the people of both the locals are homogeneous in character without any type of strata among them, and sociologically, this form of homogeneousness appeared as religious community. The research question of this article stemmed from this point. Are the people of a specific religious community given higher priority in terms of good health or religious rituals when they use sacred water irrespective of their origin of residence and other socio-economic variables? Water is a sign and symbol of sacredness to religious rituals, while polluted water is harmful for good health.
Book review: Perumal Murugan (Ed.), Black Coffee in a Coconut Shell: Caste as Lived Experience
Authors: Malik Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: March 2019

Perumal Murugan (Ed.), Black Coffee in a Coconut Shell: Caste as Lived Experience (translated by C. S. Lakshmi). New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2018, 229 pp., ₹595 (paperback). ISBN: 978-93-528-0497-9.
Book review: Debarati Halder and K. Jaishankar, Cyber Crimes Against Women in India
Authors: Sen Sudarshana
Published: March 2019

Debarati Halder and K. Jaishankar, Cyber Crimes Against Women in India. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2017, xviii + 252 pp., ₹795 (hardback). ISBN: 978-93-859-8577-5.
Book review: Margaret Khalakdina, Parenting Styles in India
Authors: Sundara Raj T.
Published: March 2019

Margaret Khalakdina, Parenting Styles in India. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd, 2017, 168 pp., ₹650 (hardback). ISBN: 13978-93-5125-286-3.
Detection and comparison of breast shape variation among different three-dimensional body scan conditions: nude, with a structured bra, and with a soft bra
Authors: Pei Jie , Fan Jintu , Ashdown Susan P
Published: March 2019

To investigate the effect of structured bras and soft bras on breast shape, 46 female participants (Caucasian, BMI < 30, aged 18–45) were recruited for three-dimensional (3D) scanning. Participants were scanned in three conditions: wearing a provided structured bra, a provided soft bra, and nude. The impact of the bras on breast asymmetry was quantitatively studied. The change in breast shape and position from the nude condition to the condition when shaped by the bras was also explored. Contour maps that show the topographic shapes of the scans were generated to analyze these comparisons. Thirty-five measurements were extracted from spider web structures that were derived from the contour maps, and were used for statistical analysis. Eight measurements were found to be especially indicative of the shape variations introduced by the bras. Regression models were built to predict the in-bra shape given only the nude breast shape. Lastly, heat maps that visualize the shape variations from the nude-to-bra condition via colors were plotted on the surfaces of the 3D scans of the participants in bras, and were used for qualitative analysis. This study is helpful in understanding how bras interact with breast tissue, and can provide useful information for the improvement of bra designs for enhanced fitting or desired shaping effects.
Exploring the consequences of climate-related displacement for just resilience in Vietnam
Authors: Miller Fiona
Published: March 2019

Connections to place and relations between people are being radically reconfigured in response to climate risks. Climate change is likely to increase the scale of displacement in the Asia Pacific region, leading to intensified patterns of migration as well as resettlement. These two processes, though differing in terms of individual agency and the role of the state, are likely to further exacerbate pressure on urban areas. As the limits to adaptation in risky places are reached, people are increasingly pursuing migration as a way of coping. This strategy demonstrates people’s agency to respond to risks and opportunities. Resettlement, in contrast, tends to undermine people’s agency. This risk response is increasingly being implemented by states as part of climate change adaptation plans, yet, it often results in the creation of new vulnerabilities for those forcibly resettled. Through a focus on the ‘climate hotspot’ of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, this paper explores how communities and governments might anticipate and resolve some of the humanitarian, livelihood and ecological challenges associated with resettlement in an increasingly resource-constrained and risky climate future. The concept of just resilience is proposed as a lens through which the consequences of resettlement for people’s connections to place, each other and familiar ways of life can be understood. It is argued that a focus on just resilience reveals opportunities and threats to procedural, distributive and recognition elements of justice associated with adapting to climate change.
Tourism Productivity Theory and Measurement for Policy Implications: The Case of Australia
Authors: Pham Tien Duc
Published: March 2019

Tourism productivity measures are quite diverse, not always compatible and usually based partly on labor productivity for hotels and restaurants. This article develops a holistic approach that integrates the principles of the growth accounting framework and tourism satellite account to measure multifactor productivity, labor productivity and capital productivity for the Australian tourism industry. This study shows that tourism has been identified as a reservoir for other industries through the ebbs and flows of labor demands. Compared with the rest of the economy, the average growth of labor productivity—that is, income per unit of labor—for tourism is stagnant, and has reached an unprecedented low, six times below the market sector average, mainly because of low multifactor productivity. The results are valuable for policy makers and the lobbying groups wanting to identify areas of need for policy changes to ensure the healthy long-term growth of tourism.
An artificial neural network model for prediction of hypoxemia during sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Geng Wujun , Tang Hongli , Sharma Apurb , Zhao Yizhou , Yan Ye , Hong Wandong
Published: March 2019

Objective

This study was designed to assess clinical predictors of hypoxemia and develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model for prediction of hypoxemia during sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy examination.

Methods

A total of 220 patients were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Data on demographics, chronic concomitant disease information, neck circumference, thyromental distance and anaesthetic dose were collected and statistically analysed.

Results

Univariate analysis indicated that body mass index (BMI), habitual snoring and neck circumference were associated with hypoxemia. An ANN model was developed with three variables (BMI, habitual snoring and neck circumference). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the ANN model was 0.80.

Conclusions

The ANN model developed here, comprising BMI, habitual snoring and neck circumference, was useful for prediction of hypoxemia during sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Interobserver variability (between radiation oncologist and radiation therapist) in tumor bed contouring after breast-conserving surgery
Authors: La Rocca Eliana , Lici Vanessa , Giandini Tommaso , Bonfantini Francesca , Frasca Sarah , Dispinzieri Michela , Gennaro Massimiliano , Di Cosimo Serena , Lozza Laura , Pignoli Emanuele , Valdagni Riccardo , De Santis Maria Carmen
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

To examine interobserver variability between the radiation oncologist (RTO) and the radiation therapist (RTT) in delineating the tumor bed (TB) in early breast cancer (BC).

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed patients who received a radiotherapy boost to the TB. In a first group, the clinical target volume (CTV) for the boost was the surgical bed, defined by using surgical clips. In a second group, the CTV was defined by identifying a seroma cavity or a metallic find on the scar. These contours were compared in terms of volume, number of slices, and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC).

Results:

Forty patients were assessed: 20 had surgical clips (group 1) while the other 20 had none (group 2). There was no difference in the number of slices contoured by the 2 operators for group 1, but a statistically significant difference emerged in the volumes: the RTT identified a TB that was a mean 45% smaller than the one identified by the RTO. Random differences were found between the 2 operators for group 2. The TBs delineated for this group were significantly larger ( P<0.05) than those identified by the RTT for group 1. The mean Dice value between the RTO’s and the RTT’s TBs was 0.69±0.07 (range 0.53–0.81) for group 1 and 0.37±0.18 (range 0–0.58) for group 2 ( P<0.05).

Conclusions:

This study showed that the use of clips coincided with less interoperator variability. With appropriate training, the RTT may play an important part in the multidisciplinary radiotherapy team.
Asbestos fiber identification in liver from cholangiocarcinoma patients living in an asbestos polluted area: a preliminary study
Authors: Grosso Federica , Croce Alessandro , Libener Roberta , Mariani Narciso , Pastormerlo Massimo , Maconi Antonio , Rinaudo Caterina
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

To assess whether asbestos fibers may be observed in liver tissue of patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CC) with environmental or working asbestos exposure.

Methods:

Detection of fibers was performed directly on histologic sections of liver from 7 patients with CC using optical microscope and variable pressure scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (VP-SEM/EDS). All patients were from Casale Monferrato, Italy, a highly asbestos-polluted town. Due to ethical constraints, observers were blinded to patients’ clinical features.

Results:

Fibers/bundles of fibers of chrysotile were detected in 5 out of 7 patients (71%). The boundary between healthy and neoplastic tissue or the fibrocollagen tissue produced by the neoplasia were identified as areas of fiber incorporation.

Conclusions:

This study is the first report about the detection of chrysotile asbestos fibers in the liver of patients with CC. Further studies on larger cohorts are needed to corroborate our preliminary findings.
All about that bass: Audio filters on basslines determine groove and liking in electronic dance music
Authors: Lustig Ethan , Tan Ivan
Published: March 2019

Groove is defined as wanting to move the body to music. Most empirical groove research has focused on rhythmic features like microtiming and syncopation, while research on musical liking has focused on pitch, form, and repetition. Here, we examine the effect of timbre on groove and liking ratings by applying audio filters to basslines in an electronic dance music (EDM) style. We also investigate via questionnaire the role of music and dance experience, preferred genre, and gender on groove and liking. Four brief EDM loops were created, each consisting of drum samples and a synthesized bassline. Each loop had four audio filter conditions (high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, no filter) applied to its bassline. The 102 participants heard all stimuli three times, rating them for groove and liking, and then completed the questionnaire. For both groove and liking, participants gave higher ratings to the filter conditions preserving low-frequency energy (low-pass and no filter). The relation of the questionnaire data to groove and liking was limited, meriting further investigation. Overall, the results suggest that people find groovier, and like more, basslines preserving low-frequency energy. The lack of loop-filter interaction suggests that timbre can determine groove and liking across different melodic and rhythmic contexts.
Differences in fibertract profiles between patients with migraine and those with persistent post-traumatic headache
Authors: Chong Catherine D , Peplinski Jacob , Berisha Visar , Ross Katherine , Schwedt Todd J
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Often, persistent post-traumatic headache and migraine are phenotypically similar. However, the similarities and differences in the neuropathological underpinnings of persistent post-traumatic headache and migraine require further understanding. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and a novel method for detecting subtle changes in fibertract integrity by measuring node-by-node parameters along each tract to compare fibertract profiles between those with migraine and those with persistent post-traumatic headache, and compared both cohorts to a group of controls.

Methods

Eighteen fibertracts were reconstructed for 131 subjects, including 49 patients with persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury, 41 with migraine, and 41 controls. Node-by-node diffusion parameters of mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity were calculated along each tract. Mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity measurements were averaged along quartiles of each tract for statistical interpretation and group comparison. Using a post-hoc analysis, correlations between tract quartile measurements and headache frequency were calculated.

Results

There were significant differences between migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache cohorts for quartile measurements of mean diffusivity or radial diffusivity in the bilateral anterior thalamic radiations, cingulum (angular bundles and cingulate gyri), inferior longitudinal fasciculi, and uncinate fasciculi, the left corticospinal tract, and the right superior longitudinal fasciculi-parietal portion. For migraine patients, there was a significant positive correlation between headache frequency and forceps major mean diffusivity, whereas for persistent post-traumatic headache there was a positive correlation between headache frequency and cingulum angular bundle mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity.

Conclusions

Quartile measurements of radial diffusivity and mean diffusivity indicate unique differences in fibertract profiles between those with migraine vs. persistent post-traumatic headache. Although for both migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache there was a positive relationship between fibertract alterations and headache frequency, there were disease-specific differences between headache frequency and fibertract injury patterns. These findings might suggest potential differences in the neuropathological mechanisms underlying migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache.
The spectrum of cluster headache: A case report of 4600 attacks
Authors: Hagedorn Andreas , Snoer Agneta , Jensen Rigmor , Haddock Bryan , Barloese Mads
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Knowledge of the clinical features of cluster headache is mainly based on retrospective and cross-sectional studies. Here, we present a case of a chronic cluster headache patient who prospectively recorded timing and clinical features of all attacks for 6 years, aiming to describe the clinical spectrum and timing of cluster headache symptoms experienced and to identify daily and/or seasonal rhythmicity.

Methods

Registration of attack timing, duration, associated symptoms and severity was done prospectively on a smartphone application. Pain severity was recorded on a 0–10 scale. Attacks were divided into mild, moderate, severe, and very severe. We analysed diurnal rhythmicity by multimodal Gaussian analysis and spectral analysis.

Results

In total, 4600 attacks were registered (mean duration 39.3 (SD 18.5) min. Mean severity 3.6 (SD 1.28)). Mild attacks accounted for 14.2%, moderate 65.7%, severe 16.9% and very severe 3.2% of all attacks. Nocturnal attacks were more severe than daytime attacks. The number of autonomic symptoms and duration of attacks increased with pain severity. Peak chronorisk (risk of attacks occurring according to hour of day) was at 12.48 in the registration period. Over time, circadian rhythmicity and attack frequency varied.

Conclusion

Clinical characteristics of cluster headache attacks can vary greatly within the individual patient. Clinicians attempting to personalise the administration of preventive treatment should pay notice to the variation over time in diurnal rhythmicity. The recorded self-limiting mild attacks that do not fulfill the ICHD-3 criteria for a cluster headache attack warrant further investigation, as they could hold important information about disease activity.
Travel Time Reliability Measures Accommodating Scheduling Preferences of Travelers
Authors: Rajabi-Bahaabadi Mojtaba , Shariat-Mohaymany Afshin , Yang Shu
Published: March 2019

Existing travel time reliability measures fail to accommodate scheduling preferences of travelers and cannot distinguish between the variability associated with early and late arrivals. This study introduces two new travel time reliability measures based on concepts from behavioral economics. The first proposed measure is an indicator of the width of travel time distribution. It considers scheduling preferences of travelers and can distinguish between early arrival and late arrival. The second measure determines the skewness of travel time distribution. To estimate the proposed measures, travel time is modeled by mixture models and closed-form expressions are derived for the expected values of early and late arrivals. In addition, real travel time data from a freeway segment is used to compare the proposed measures with the existing travel time reliability measures. The results suggest that, although there exist significant correlations between travel time reliability measures, travelers’ preferences have considerable effects on the travel time reliability as perceived by them. Furthermore, four measures are developed based on the notions of early and late arrivals to assess the on-time performance (schedule adherence) of transit vehicles at stop level. The results of this study show that the four measures can serve as complementary to the existing on-time performance indices.
Evaluation of the Effects of Clobazam on Seizure Control and Quality of Life in Children With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Authors: Weinstock Arie , Agarwal Nitin , Farooq Osman , Cheema Zaheer , Hamilton Deanna , Parrish Joy
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

This is a prospective study of children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome receiving clobazam as adjunctive therapy. This pilot study aims to examine medication effectiveness as it relates to seizure reduction, as well as improvement in parent-reported behavior and quality of life (QOL).

Methods:

Ten patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome aged 3-11 years were enrolled in this 6-week, 4 phase study. Seizure frequency, QOL, and Aberrant Behavior Checklist questionnaires were evaluated at 0, 2, 6, and 10 weeks during the study.

Results:

Patients showed improvement on indices of QOL, including physical activities (62.5%), well-being (37.5%), cognition (87.5%), social activities (37.5%), behavior (87.5%), general health (50%), and overall QOL (87.5%). The Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy (QOLCE) questionnaire revealed significant improvement in cognition ( P = .008), social activities ( P = .049), behavior ( P = .038), and overall QOL ( P = .018). The Aberrant Behavior Checklist exhibited a trend toward improvement in hyperactivity.

Conclusion:

There was improvement in all patients with documented baseline seizures (8/10), with 5 showing significant improvement (95%-100% reduction) and 3 showing minor improvement (7%-23% reduction). Statistically significant improvement in areas of cognition, social activities, behavior, and overall QOL were seen. An overall trend toward a positive well-being was seen in our patients with clobazam, as adjunct therapy for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children.
Serum Cortisol as an Early Biomarker of Cardiopulmonary Parameters Within the First 24 Hours After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Bender Michael , Stein M. , Uhl E. , Reinges M. H. T.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Cardiopulmonary complications/stress are well-known phenomena in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and might be associated with an elevated serum troponin I (TNI) level. Since the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol is released during stress situations, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of serum cortisol (SC) on cardiac and pulmonary parameters in patients after aSAH within the first 24 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment.

Patients and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 104 patients with aSAH admitted to our emergency department between January 2008 and April 2017. Blood samples were taken to determine SC and TNI. Demographics, initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) score, and Fisher grade were evaluated retrospectively. Mean norepinephrine application rate (NAR) in µg/kg/min and mean inspiratory oxygen fraction (OF) within the first 24 hours were defined as cardiopulmonary parameters.

Results:

An elevated SC value was found in 44 (42%) patients, and 27 (26%) patients showed an increased TNI value. In patients with initially increased SC value, a significant higher NAR ( P = .04) was needed. Furthermore, patients with initially elevated TNI value had a lower GCS score ( P = .0013) and a higher WFNS score ( P = .003) on admission and required a higher NAR ( P = .02) as well as OF ( P = .0008) within the first 24 hours of ICU treatment.

Conclusions:

In the current study, initially elevated SC values were associated with a higher need of NAR within the first 24 hours of ICU treatment after aSAH. Moreover, patients with initially elevated TNI values required an increased NAR and a higher OF so that these biomarkers could be useful to improve ICU treatment.
Associations Between Women’s Economic and Social Empowerment and Intimate Partner Violence: Findings From a Microfinance Plus Program in Rural North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Ranganathan Meghna , Knight Louise , Abramsky Tanya , Muvhango Lufuno , Polzer Ngwato Tara , Mbobelatsi Mpho , Ferrari Giulia , Watts Charlotte , Stöckl Heidi
Published: March 2019

Given the mixed evidence on whether women’s economic and social empowerment is beneficial or not for reducing intimate partner violence (IPV), we explored the relationship between women’s empowerment and IPV risk. We analyzed data from baseline interviews with married women ( n = 415) from the Intervention with Microfinance and Gender Equity (IMAGE) longitudinal study in rural South Africa. IMAGE combines a poverty-focused microfinance program with a gender-training curriculum. We fitted logistic regression models to explore associations between women’s economic situation/empowerment and IPV. For the multivariable logistic regression, we fitted three models that progressively included variables to explore these associations further. Women who reported “few to many times” for not earning enough to cover their business costs faced higher odds of past year physical and/or sexual violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.1, 1.7-22.3, p = .01). Those who received a new loan experienced higher levels of past year emotional (aOR = 2.8, 1.1-7.4, p = .03) and economic abuse (aOR = 6.3, 2.2-18.5, p = .001). Women who reported that partners perceived their household contribution as not important faced higher odds of past year economic abuse (aOR = 2.8, 1.0-7.8, p = .05). Women who reported joint decision-making or partner making sole reproductive decisions reported higher levels of past year physical and/or sexual violence (aOR = 5.7, 0.9-39.4, p = .07) and emotional abuse (aOR = 3.0, 0.9-10.2, p = .08). Economic stress and aspects of women’s empowerment, alongside established gender roles within marital relationships is associated with IPV risk in rural South Africa. Although improved economic conditions for women appears to be protective against physical and sexual IPV, associations between certain indicators of women’s economic situation, empowerment, and IPV are inconsistent. We need to consider complementary programming and all types of IPV in research, intervention, and policy, as different aspects of empowerment have varying associations with different types of IPV (physical, sexual, emotional, and economic abuse).
Association Between CSF Beta-Amyloid and Apathy in Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Vergallo A. , Giampietri L. , Pagni C. , Giorgi F. S. , Nicoletti V. , Miccoli M. , Libertini P. , Petrozzi L. , Bonuccelli U. , Tognoni G.
Published: March 2019

Aim:

The apathetic syndrome is a common clinical feature in patients with Alzheimer diseases (AD), from preclinical phases to late stages of dementia, and it is strongly related to major disease outcomes. Unfortunately, no specific pharmacological treatments for apathy have been accomplished so far. Translational evidences have previously shown that a link between apathy and hallmarks of AD-related pathophysiology, that is, β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, exists. However, only few studies investigated the association between core biomarkers of AD and apathy scores, finding conflicting results.

Methods:

Thirty-seven patients were identified as having AD dementia according to National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer Association 2011 criteria. All participants underwent an extensive diagnostic workup including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assessment to measure the concentrations of Aβ42, t-tau, and pTau181. To follow, they were stratified as: apathy absence, apathy mild, and apathy severe according to the Neuro Psychiatric Inventory-apathy item scores. We investigated for potential associations between apathy scores and CSF biomarkers concentrations as well as for differences in terms of clinical and CSF biomarkers data across the 3 apathy groups.

Results:

The CSF Aβ42 concentrations were negatively correlated with apathy scores. In addition, patients with severe apathy had significantly lower Aβ42 levels compared to nonapathetic ones.

Conclusion:

Based on our results, we encourage further studies to untangle the potential association between the complex pathophysiological dynamics of AD and apathy which may represent an innovative reliable clinical outcome measure to use in clinical trials, investigating treatments with either a symptomatic or a disease-modifying effect.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Among Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Florida
Authors: Milani Sadaf Arefi , Lloyd Shawnta , Cottler Linda B. , Striley Catherine W.
Published: March 2019

Objective: To compare Alzheimer’s disease (AD) knowledge by race and ethnicity in a community sample of middle-aged and older adults aged 50 and over in Florida. Method: Data from HealthStreet, a University of Florida community engagement program, which uses community health workers to assess the health conditions, concerns, and knowledge of community members, was used ( n = 842). A multivariate regression model was used to quantify differences in AD knowledge by race and ethnicity. Results: Older age and recruitment from Miami were associated with higher AD knowledge while being non-Hispanic Black, reporting male sex, having less than high school diploma, and reporting food insecurity were associated with lower AD knowledge. Discussion: Hispanics had comparable AD knowledge to non-Hispanic Whites and more knowledge than non-Hispanic Blacks after adjusting for other factors that could differentiate these groups. Almost half of the participants did not know hypertension is a risk factor for AD, highlighting a point of intervention.
Scheduling just-in-time part replenishment of the automobile assembly line with unrelated parallel machines
Authors: Zhou Binghai , Peng Tao
Published: March 2019

With increasing product customization, just-in-time part replenishment has become a significant scheduling problem in the automobile assembly system. This paper investigates a new unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem of an assembly line, where machines are employed to deliver material boxes from an in-house warehouse to workstations. The schedule is to appropriately specify the assignment and sequence of material boxes on each machine for minimizing line-side inventories under no stock-out constraints. By taking advantages of domain properties, an exact algorithm is developed to cope up with small-scale instances. In terms of real-world scale instances, a hybrid teaching–learning-based optimization metaheuristic is established by integrating teaching–learning-based optimization with a beam search technique. Experimental results indicate that the scheduling algorithms are effective and efficient in solving the proposed unrelated parallel machine scheduling.
When Does One Decide How Heavy an Object Feels While Picking It Up?
Authors: Plaisier Myrthe A. , Kuling Irene A. , Brenner Eli , Smeets Jeroen B. J.
Published: March 2019

When lifting an object, it takes time to decide how heavy it is. How does this weight judgment develop? To answer this question, we examined when visual size information has to be present to induce a size-weight illusion. We found that a short glimpse (200 ms) of size information is sufficient to induce a size-weight illusion. The illusion occurred not only when the glimpse was before the onset of lifting but also when the object’s weight could already be felt. Only glimpses more than 300 ms after the onset of lifting did not influence the judged weight. This suggests that it takes about 300 ms to reach a perceptual decision about the weight.
National culture and trust in online health information
Authors: Khosrowjerdi Mahmood
Published: March 2019

This article contributes to the ever-increasing body of research on online health information-seeking behaviour. Specifically, this study shows that national culture is a determinant of trust in online health information. A questionnaire-based survey collected the data from undergraduate students on the factors influencing their trust formation toward online health information. The cultural comparisons revealed differences between the trust formations of Americans, Chinese and South Koreans in the online health environment. The trust formation of the Chinese group was based on the three factors of information quality, information style and information verification. For the American group, the information quality, information style, ease of use and information verification were the four antecedents of trust. The South Korean group considered more clues during their trust formation process than the Chinese and American groups did. Furthermore, information verification was a stronger predictor of trust for the South Korean group. The findings were discussed in light of national culture theories, and the future research agenda was presented.
State, sport and resistance: A case of Palestinian sports clubs in the West Bank
Authors: Woroniecka-Krzyzanowska Dorota
Published: March 2019

The article explores the intersections between sport, state and resistance in the context of military occupation and independence struggle. Based on a year of fieldwork in the local sports clubs in the West Bank, it analyses how sport may be used as a tool of resistance and state-building on the community level. For decades preceding the establishment of the Palestinian Authority in 1994, sport and youth centres were important sites of socio-political mobilization and took an active part in the national effort to build structures independent from the Israeli occupation. Following the Oslo Accords, state-building became institutionalized and outsourced to the emergent central institutions of the Palestinian Authority. The article analyses this transition from the perspective of local clubs that went from being active actors of state-building through sport to being subjects of the Palestinian Authority’s efforts to consolidate its state-like powers. To understand how local sport activists made sense of these changes, the distinction between a bottom-up and a top-down approach to state-building through sport is made. The article aims to contribute to the ongoing debates on the use of sport in the service of nation state, by investigating the case of state-building through sport in the context of military occupation.
Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis Provides Insights Into the Response to Fusarium oxysporum in Lilium pumilum
Authors: He Xiangfeng , Li Wanyue , Zhang Wenzhu , Jin Xiaotong , Shenkute Awraris Getachew , Aynalem Tessema , Xu Shufa , Wang Wenhe
Published: March 2019

Lily basal rot, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lilii, is one of the most serious diseases of lily. Although the lily germplasm which is resistant to F. oxysporum has been used in disease-resistant breeding, few studies on its molecular mechanism of disease resistance have been reported. To comprehensively study the mechanism of resistance to F. oxysporum, transcriptome sequencings of root tissues from Lilium pumilum inoculated with F. oxysporum or sterile water for 6, 12, or 24 h were performed. A total of 50 GB of data were obtained from the transcriptome sequencings of the 6 L. pumilum samples, and 217 098 Unigenes were obtained after the de novo assembly, of which 38.36% Unigenes were annotated. The sequencing results showed that the numbers of differentially expressed genes at 6, 12, and 24 h after inoculation compared with the control were 111, 254, and 2500, respectively. The functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that several pathways were involved in responses of L. pumilum, mainly including starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, vitamin B6 (VB6) biosynthesis, acid biosynthesis, proteasome, and ribosome. Transcription factor analysis revealed that the WRKY and ERF families played important roles in responses of L. pumilum to F. oxysporum. The results of this study elucidate the molecular responses to F. oxysporum in lily and lay a theoretical foundation for improving lily breeding and strategies for lily basal rot resistance.
Confronting the challenge: The impact of whole-school primary music on generalist teachers’ motivation and engagement
Authors: Garrett Bethan
Published: March 2019

The motivation of teachers represents an emergent area of research within psychology, where the complex and fluid nature of practitioner engagement is increasingly recognised. Underpinned by psycho-social theories, this article explores the potential of socially-situated structures and processes to develop and maintain generalist teachers’ personal involvement with music. Data is utilised from a broad, qualitative project, which involved seven case study schools in the UK, although the story of one institution is prioritised; this represents a positive example in which the school’s leadership models, support structures and socio-interactional environment contributed to increased motivation of generalist practitioners. In this school, the fact that individual teachers were able to subvert their previous negative perceptions to become fully involved with music indicates the potential for personal engagement to be enhanced through social means. This paper provides an in-depth, theoretical analysis of the processes which enabled this to occur.
Keeping what real? Vinyl records and the future of independent culture
Authors: Palm Michael
Published: March 2019

The revived popularity of vinyl records in the United States provides a unique opportunity for ‘rethinking the distinction between new and old media’. With vinyl, the new/old dichotomy informs a more specific opposition between digital and analog. The vinyl record is an iconic analog artifact whose physical creation and circulation cannot be digitized. Making records involves arduous craft labor and old-school manufacturing, and the process remains essentially the same as it was in 1960. Vinyl culture and commerce today, however, abound with digital media: the majority of vinyl sales occur online, the download code is a familiar feature of new vinyl releases, and turntables outfitted with USB ports and Bluetooth are outselling traditional models. This digital disconnect between the contemporary traffic in records and their fabrication makes the vinyl revival an ideal case example for interrogating the limitations of new and old as conceptual horizons for media and for proffering alternative historical formulations and critical frameworks. Toward that end, my analysis of the revitalized vinyl economy in the United States suggests that the familiar (and always porous) distinction between corporate and independent continues to offer media studies a more salient spectrum, conceptually and empirically, than new-old or analog-digital. Drawing on ethnographic research along vinyl’s current supply chain in the United States, I argue that scholars and supporters of independent culture should strive to decouple the digital and the analog from the corporate, rather than from one another. The pressing question about the future of vinyl is not, will there continue to be a place for analog formats alongside the digital; but rather, to what extent can physical media circulate independently of the same corporate interests that have come to dominate popular culture in its digital forms?
Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis (USAT) versus standard catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for treatment of pulmonary embolism: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Rothschild Daniel P , Goldstein James A , Ciacci Joseph , Bowers Terry R
Published: March 2019

Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis (USAT) is advocated in pulmonary embolism (PE) based on the hypothesis that adjunctive ultrasound provides superior clinical efficacy compared to standard catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT). This retrospective study was designed to compare outcomes between the two modalities. We analyzed patients with computed tomography-diagnosed PE at our institution treated with either USAT or standard CDT. Efficacy parameters assessed included invasive pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP; pre- and 24 hours post-treatment), non-invasive right-to-left ventricle (RV/LV) ratio (pre- and post-treatment), and general clinical outcomes (length-of-stay, significant bleeding, and mortality). We analyzed 98 cases (62 USAT and 36 CDT), in whom massive PE was diagnosed in 7%, intermediate/high risk in 81%, and intermediate/low risk in 12%. Overall, 92% had bilateral clot and 40% saddle embolus. At 24 hours, PASP decreased similarly in both groups (CDT Δ14.7 mmHg, USAT Δ10.8 mmHg; p = 0.14). Post-treatment, CDT showed similar improvement in the RV/LV ratio (CDT Δ0.58 vs USAT Δ0.45; p = 0.07), despite the baseline ratio being greater in the CDT group, indicating more severe RV strain (1.56 ± 0.36 vs 1.40 ± 0.29; p = 0.01). Intensive care unit and hospital length-of-stays were similar in both groups. A trend toward lesser significant bleeding rates in the CDT group (8.3% vs 12.9%, p = 0.74) as well as improved survival-to-discharge (97.2% vs 91.9%, p = 0.66) was observed. Compared to USAT, standard CDT achieves similar beneficial effects on hemodynamics, RV/LV ratios, and clinical outcomes. These observations suggest that salutary clinical results may be achieved without the need for very expensive devices.
Dynamic response analysis of the wind–train–bridge coupling based on the stiffness change of the long-span track bridge
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Ding Peng , Chen Xiaohu , Liu Anshuang , Qi Yong
Published: March 2019

In order to analyze the influence of the stiffness change of the long-span track bridge on running safety of the train, a bridge and train analysis model, based on Chongqing Egongyan track bridge, is established to simulate and evaluate the spatial coupling dynamic response of the wind–train–bridge system through stiffness change and to propose the reasonable stiffness limit range of the long-span track suspension bridge. The results show that the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are good, and the safety of train operation and ride comfort meet the requirements when the vertical stiffness is 1/300–1/500 and the lateral stiffness is 1/600–1/1200; the dynamic response of the bridge and the running safety of the train are significantly sensitive to the stiffness change of the bridge, especially when the wind speed is 25 m/s and the vertical stiffness is 1/300, at this time, the derailment coefficient and the wheel load reduction rate reach 0.72 and 0.54, respectively, which are close to the limit standard, indicating that there are some potential safety hazards in train operation.
Interfacing the basic sciences and clinical orthodontics
Authors: Shah Rishma , Zermeno John Paul
Published: March 2019

Translational research aims to move knowledge generated from basic science and apply it to the clinical setting. As orthodontists, we continually strive for faster, safer and alternative clinical therapies in our goal to improve our patient outcomes and experiences. Our clinical questions may be answered by benchtop research and the ensuing translational research involving relevant animal models and robust clinical trials.
Value in tourist experiences: How nature-based experiential styles influence value in climbing
Authors: Vespestad May Kristin , Lindberg Frank , Mossberg Lena
Published: March 2019

Nature-based adventure experiences constitute a significant segment of the tourism industry and understanding consumers’ conceptualisations of value is crucial. The aim of this study is to understand how the perceived value of the climbing experience differs within the climbing community. Interviews with climbers revealed that multiple aspects of the climbing experience are valued, including efficiency, play, excellence, aesthetics, status, emotion, esteem and authenticity. The results highlight that conceptualisations of value vary with experiential style. The study thus adds to the conversation on what creates value in the climbing experience and how this fluctuates throughout the climbing experience. The study contributes to our understanding of nature-based experiences and to the development and marketing of adventure experiences. The results imply that building a strong climbing image at destinations and being involved in the climbing community represent key issues that contribute to co-creating value in the tourist experience.
Farming practice, ecological temporality, and urban communities at a late Iron Age oppidum
Authors: Lodwick Lisa
Published: March 2019

Agriculture is a vital component of social practice, yet it is often overlooked as a key aspect in the social organisation of the communities resident at urban settlements. This paper uses the example of late Iron Age oppida, a type of settlement at the intersection of the Iron Age and Roman worlds where research has focussed upon elites rather than community. Drawing upon studies of human–plant relationships, particularly that of ecological temporalities, this paper shows that considering the capacity of plants to affect people through ‘planty agency’ renders annual rhythms of human–plant relationships perceptible. The utilisation of archaeobotanical data in this novel way provides new insights into social practices and the formation of communities at late Iron Age oppida.
Achieving cultural change through organizational justice: The case of stop and search in Scotland
Authors: Aston Elizabeth , Murray Kath , O’Neill Megan
Published: March 2019

In recent years, the scale, impact and legality of stop and search in Scotland has been subject to intense critical scrutiny, leading to major legal and policy reform in 2016. Based on these events, including an early unsuccessful attempt by Police Scotland to reform the tactic (the ‘Fife Pilot’), this article presents original theoretical and empirical insights into organizational change in policing. Building on the theoretical perspectives of Chan and Bradford and Quinton on organizational culture and justice respectively, the article sets out a dynamic model of organizational justice in policing. While Scotland has seen significant legislative reform apropos stop and search, we conclude that real change in police practice and culture will require effective leadership and a strong commitment to organizational justice. We also suggest how insights from the analysis might be applied to other jurisdictions and policing fields, with a view to securing more citizen-focused, democratic policing.
Longer Operative Time Is Independently Associated With Surgical Site Infection and Wound Dehiscence Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Ankle
Authors: Gowd Anirudh K. , Bohl Daniel D. , Hamid Kamran S. , Lee Simon , Holmes George B. , Lin Johnny
Published: March 2019

Background: Little is known regarding the association of operative time with adverse events following foot and ankle surgery. This study tests whether greater operative time is associated with the occurrence of adverse events following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the ankle. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for cases of ankle ORIF (primary CPT codes 27766, 27769, 27792, 27814, 27822, 27823) performed during 2005-2016. Operative time was tested for association with the occurrence of adverse events with controls for baseline characteristics and primary CPT code. Results: A total of 20 591 procedures met inclusion/exclusion criteria. The average (±SD) operative time was 75.7 (±37.3) minutes and varied by baseline characteristics and primary CPT code. After controlling for these factors, a 15-minute increase in operative time was associated with an 11% increase in risk for developing surgical site infection (SSI; relative risk [RR]: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.06-1.16), 20% for wound dehiscence (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.11-1.29), 10% for anemia requiring transfusion (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04-1.17), 60% for cerebrovascular accident (RR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.17-2.18), 14% for unplanned intubation (RR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03-1.26), and 7% for extended length of hospital admission (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05-1.09). Conclusion: Operative time is linearly and independently associated with the risks for SSI, wound dehiscence, and other adverse events following ORIF of the ankle. Efforts should be implemented to safely minimize operative duration without compromising the technical components of the procedure.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV
Burgeoning Media’s Reporting of Rape Cases in Delhi: Some Reflections and Its Impact
Authors: Hetu Vibha
Published: March 2019

The research study consisted of three types of respondents: 19 female victims of rape, 100 common people and 20 media houses. On the basis of interview of rape victims, characteristics of reported rape cases were drawn. The basis of reporting had certain distinguishing features which usually entail reiteration of picking only such analogous cases constituting ‘real rape’ elements in order to make news very sensational. The reporting had revealed the identity of the victims. Media personnel had projected the image of the police in a very negative manner, whereas findings were antagonistic. Police had played an effective role in the speedy investigation and successful interrogation. The performance of the court was poor as projected by the media. The reporting had a negative impact on common people as it created a fear psychosis in the society.