bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of the effect of fixation type on random vibration of fuel cell stacks in various vehicles
Authors: Yao Junqi , Yin Yan , Zhang Fan , Qin Zhikun , Guo Ting
Published: December 2024

During vehicle operation, the fuel cell stack onboard inevitably experiences vibration loads due to uneven road surfaces and internal system vibrations. Therefore, this paper conducts a mechanical response analysis of metal plate fuel cell stacks under random vibration loads for various vehicles (passenger vehicles, buses, trailers, and logistics vehicles) and different fixation types (fixing with 14 bolts, fixing with four corner bolts, fixing blind end plates, fixing short sides of both end plates, fixing long sides of both end plates). The stress distribution of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and sealing rings is obtained. The results indicate that fixing with 14 bolts is the optimal fixation type for various vehicles, resulting in the minimum stress on both the MEA and sealing rings. However, under the condition of fixing the short sides of both end plates, the stress on the MEA is maximum for various vehicles, and under the condition of fixing blind end plates, the stress on the sealing ring is maximum for various vehicles. Hence, during stack installation, it is advisable to avoid these two fixation types to the greatest extent possible. Among various types of vehicles, passenger vehicles experience the least impact from random vibrations, whereas logistics vehicles are the most susceptible to such vibrations. Additionally, stress on the MEA and sealing rings is higher around the corners, making them susceptible to damage.
Optimization scheduling of power flow pre allocation for flexible interconnection of distribution networks using improved Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III
Authors: Xin Shijin , Hao Guojie , Zhang Pan , Fan Changhui , Niu Haitao , Zhang Zhaoxu
Published: December 2024

In order to stabilize and effectively control the operation status of the distribution network, we can take a series of measures to ensure the stable operation of the system. An improved Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) algorithm is proposed to optimize the pre-distribution of flexible interconnected power flow in the distribution network. Based on the improved NSGA-III algorithm, an optimal regulation framework of flexible interconnected power flow in the distribution network is constructed. According to this framework, the minimum loss objective function and peak load shedding objective function are calculated, and the constraint conditions are set according to the constraint conditions of these two functions. By using the improved NSGA-III algorithm, the objective function of optimal regulation of flexible interconnected power flow in the distribution network is solved. The experimental results show that this method is remarkable in frequency stability, with the smallest fluctuation amplitude, and can quickly keep the frequency stable. After applying this method, the voltage amplitude of phase A is effectively adjusted.
Frequency response control strategy of wind farm based on wind turbine state
Authors: Fu Guoyong , Wang Shilong , Zhao Hanqiu , Zeng Ting , Fan Ziwei , Jian Wenqing
Published: December 2024

With the development of new power systems, the inertia of the power system generated by connecting the air power generation to the high power network is gradually decreasing. First, the proposed piecewise element is to determine the production frequency of the wind electric field classification based on the operating state and average velocity of the wind electric field. On the other hand, the inertia and frequency during the parameter operation decrease as a function of the rotational air dynamic ability, while monitoring the rotational air distribution dynamics closely and monitoring the change in the reference power. This allows power to be used to convey unit rotor energy at higher frequencies to avoid the lower unit speed involved in frequency control. Simulation results show that the strategy can fix the active effects of power based on the fan, the state of the wind electric field, and the possible kinetic energy during rotation.
Energy storage optimization strategy for photovoltaic-storage-charging microgrid at highway service areas
Authors: Tao Yongjin , Shi Yunchun , Liu Bin , Mao Yong , Chen Xiaoqi
Published: December 2024

To enhance the utilization rate of photovoltaic (PV) systems in highway service areas and reduce energy costs, this paper proposes an optimization model for the configuration and scheduling of energy storage capacity in a PV-storage-charging microgrid for highway service areas. A novel solving algorithm is employed for the simulation analysis. First, a mathematical model of the highway service area microgrid is established, and the electric vehicle charging load in the service area is analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations. Based on this analysis, a microgrid load model for the service area is developed. Secondly, from the economic perspective of the highway microgrid, a bilevel optimization model is proposed to achieve comprehensive optimization of both the configuration and scheduling of the energy storage system. The model is solved using the EDO-MILP (Exponential Distribution Optimizer-Mixed-Integer Linear Programming) algorithm. Finally, the Pan-Da Highway (within Sichuan) distributed PV-storage demonstration project is taken as a case study for simulation and optimization. The simulation results underscore the significance of deploying 2856 kWh/714 kW of energy storage equipment and optimizing its scheduling. Compared to the no-storage scenario, this configuration leads to a substantial reduction of 36.25% in annual costs. Furthermore, when compared to an empirical scenario, the cost savings reach 30.74%. These findings serve as invaluable references for configuring photovoltaic storage systems in newly developed highway service areas, guiding the design and execution of strategies aimed at enhancing the self-sufficiency of green energy. This research not only establishes a theoretical foundation but also presents a practical solution framework for promoting broader energy integration across the entire highway network.
Short-term photovoltaic power prediction model based on VMD-DBO-KELM
Authors: Liu Xiong
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the problem that the current photovoltaic power prediction model has poor generalization performance and cannot achieve accurate prediction under different environmental conditions, in this paper, a combinatorial prediction model of a kernel extreme learning machine is optimized by a dung beetle optimization algorithm after variational mode decomposition. A number of different time scales of photovoltaic power data are selected for the experiment. From the experimental results, compared with the traditional model, the proposed model has strong generalization performance and outstanding prediction results in all data sets, and has broad application prospects.
Interval vertex coloring of cartesian products and strong products of paths
Authors: Lai Jinyu , Tian Shuangliang , Jin Meiqin
Published: December 2024

For the graph’s vertex coloring, it is required that for every vertex in a graph, the colors used in its open neighborhood or closed neighborhood must be able to form a continuous integer interval. A coloring is called an open neighborhood interval vertex coloring or a closed neighborhood interval vertex coloring of a graph if the neighborhood satisfying the condition is open or closed. In this paper, the interval vertex coloring of cartesian products and strong products of two paths is studied, and the low bound of the interval chromatic number is given.
An mhADMM-PDAS method for sparse optimal control problems
Authors: Wang Tongtong , Chen Xiaotong , Shi Yurong
Published: December 2024

We consider sparse optimal control problems with elliptic PDE constraints and L
1 -control cost in this paper. Inspired by the outstanding performance of the multi-level heterogeneous alternating direction method of multipliers (mhADMM) and the primal-dual active set method (PDAS), we integrate both approaches’ advantages and propose a two-phase mhADMM-PDAS method. In Phase I, we apply the mhADMM algorithm, which is known for its capability of attaining solutions with moderate accuracy. Then, in Phase II, the solutions obtained from Phase I are further refined to achieve higher precision through the employment of the PDAS method as a post-processor. Additionally, numerical results illustrate the efficiency of the mhADMM-PDAS method.
Parameters estimation for ornstein-uhlenbeck processes with time periodic modulated drift
Authors: Pan Yurong , Jia Chaoyong , Ma Cheng
Published: December 2024

This work mainly delves into the parameter estimation problem concerning Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes with time-periodic modulated drift based on continuous observations. A least squares estimator is constructed by minimizing a contrast function. It is demonstrated that as the number of observed periods approaches infinity, the least squares estimator exhibits asymptotic unbiasedness, strong consistency, and asymptotic normality. The important technique in the asymptotic study relies on the central limit theorem for multiple Wiener integrals. Finally, numerical simulations of the least squares estimator are presented.
Exploring the impact of chiral phase transition on axion adopting the three flavour Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
Authors: Jia Xueqing , Zhao Wenhao
Published: December 2024

We employed the three flavour Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model as a low-energy effective theory of QCD to systematically study how axion properties change with temperature and density. By calculating and illustrating axion mass, its self-coupling and quark condensation parameters as functions of chemical potential and temperature, we provide insights into the impact of QCD phase transitions on the properties of the axion. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how QCD phase transitions affect axion behavior.
A numerical method for the optimal boundary control of a Rayleigh beam
Authors: Bao Kunlong , Cong Yuhao
Published: December 2024

The paper is dedicated to addressing the boundary control problem aimed at suppressing vibration in a Rayleigh beam. The dynamic of the Rayleigh cantilever beam is presented as a pseudohyperbolic equation, which describes the vibration of the Rayleigh beam. By means of the Hermite finite element method (FEM), we formulate an optimization problem aimed at determining the feedback gain matrices. Finally, the numerical simulation experiment is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A new algorithm for determining the minimum eigenvalue of irreducible Z-matrices
Authors: Li Ling , Zhong Qin
Published: December 2024

The theory of minimum eigenvalue of Z-matrices is applied to many fields, and there are many methods to estimate and calculate the minimum eigenvalue. In this paper, a new iterative algorithm is obtained by diagonal similar transformation by the relationship between Z-matrices and nonnegative matrices. The algorithm can obtain the minimum eigenvalue satisfying arbitrary accuracy requirements.
The existence of solutions for a Caputo-type fractional boundary value problems
Authors: Wang Hexiang , Zhang Sibao
Published: December 2024

Using fixed point and Leray-Schauder theory, the positive solutions for a Caputo-type fractional boundary value problem with p-Laplacian operators are studied and the efficiency of the results via examples is examined.
LDPSR: a super-resolution network featuring the lightweight duplication plugin
Authors: Zhao Shuzhang , Yang Sibo , Bao Yuan
Published: December 2024

A new super-resolution (SR) technique by CNNs is introduced: Lightweight Duplication Super Resolution Network (LDPSR). This network achieves performance similar to mainstream non-lightweight network networks while maintaining a lower calculation cost and number of parameters, and has specially designed a Lightweight Duplication Plugin (LDP), which only generates addition operations without increasing the burden of multiplication operations, effectively improving the computational performance of the network. This plugin greatly reduces the network size by segmenting input images and expanding them separately to avoid increasing the parameter count. The network architecture includes a shallow part, a deep part, and an up-sampling part. By combining special convolution modules and lightweight plugins, the diversity of features is enhanced while controlling the parameters and costs of computational. This study provides a new network architecture and computing method that can achieve efficient SR on lightweight devices with lower computational costs and parameter requirements, to achieve the practical application value of SR technology.
A novel way for generating special surfaces
Authors: Pang Zhihong , Wang Xujie , Zheng Haojie
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for generating some special surfaces. Our solution offers a possible way to obtain exact equations for certain surfaces, thus potentially providing more accurate models for applications arising from scientific or engineering fields.
Study on the destructive effects of shock waves on typical cabinets under explosive conditions within the cabin
Authors: Zhou Feixiang , Yu Cungui , Zhang Bing , Shi Rui , Zhang Wenyi
Published: December 2024

The implosion load generated by the explosion of the semi-armor-piercing anti-ship warhead is the main factor causing damage to the ship structure and the equipment in the cabin. Scientific understanding of the damaging effect of the explosion load in the cabin on the equipment in the cabin has also become an important topic in the design of the anti-explosion structure of the ship. In this paper, the typical ship-borne electronic cabinet is the goal. We analyze the cabin explosion environment of different equivalents and different blast distances of the naked charge of the explosion shock wave on the cabinet damage effect and compare it with the damaging effect of the cabinet in the free field environment. The results show that the maximum deformation of the panel is not located at the center point because of the two-wall corner structure formed by the cabinet panel and the lower wall of the cabin in the explosion environment. After the implosion load of the cabin tends to be stable, the displacement of the panel center point is larger than that in the free field environment, and its value is about 1.28 to 1.34 times that in the free field environment.
Research on the effect of vacuum on the performance of cryogenic tanks
Authors: Zhang Juyin , Wang Xueping , Zhao Zhiqi , Wei Jialin , Jin Shufeng
Published: December 2024

The thermal insulation performance of cryogenic tanks depends deeply on the vacuum level of annular space. By establishing mathematical models of thermal transmission under different vacuum levels and setting up corresponding test platforms, the vacuum failure test research was carried out. The variation laws of the pressure, boil-off rate, and temperature of the ullage were tested and analyzed with the vacuum levels of 0.001 Pa, 1 Pa, 100 Pa, and 1 000 Pa in the annular space. The results show that the theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The heat flux with the annular space of 1000 Pa is 2.22 times, 13.69 times, and 107.5 times the amount of those with the annular space of 10 Pa, 1 Pa, and 0.001 Pa, respectively. Pressure rise rate, boil-off rate, and ullage temperature increase with vacuum level degrading, causing potential safety hazards.
Performance analysis of satellite-to-ground 16QAM coherent optical communication
Authors: Yang Jin , Yang Xinquan , Guo Jingzhong
Published: December 2024

Atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors are two major factors affecting satellite-to-ground coherent optical communication links. This study considers the effects of power scintillation and phase jitter caused by atmospheric turbulence, as well as active mode compensation for wavefront phase distortion. Additionally, residual pointing errors due to platform micro-vibrations are taken into account, and a statistical channel model is derived under the combined effects of atmospheric turbulence and residual pointing errors during tracking and acquisition. Based on this model, a closed-form approximate expression for the average bit error rate (BER) of 16QAM satellite-to-ground coherent optical communication is derived using the Meijer-G function. The results show that the derived BER expression matches well with numerical integration results, confirming its accuracy and applicability under various link conditions. Through numerical simulations, the effects of residual pointing error variance, turbulence strength, satellite zenith angle, and transceiver antenna aperture on the performance of 16QAM satellite-to-ground coherent optical communication are evaluated. The findings offer valuable theoretical insights for the design and optimization of future satellite-to-ground 16QAM coherent optical communication systems.
Challenges and analysis of combining FR1 and FR2 bands using 5G carrier aggregation
Authors: Lai Kexin , Mao Jianhui , Zhang Peng , Li Zhou
Published: December 2024

As 5G networks evolve to meet increasing demands for high-speed data, the integration of Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2) bands has emerged as a key focus. While FR1 offers broad coverage, FR2 (mmWave) provides high capacity but faces challenges such as high propagation loss and susceptibility to blockage. Carrier Aggregation (CA) in 5G allows for the simultaneous utilization of multiple frequency bands, enhancing overall network capacity and performance by combining FR1 and FR2 resources. This study evaluates the effectiveness of CA in integrating FR1 and FR2 bands, comparing it to single-band operation. Simulations reveal that while CA improves overall throughput, significant differences in link capacity can lead to performance issues in specific scenarios. We propose a solution to mitigate these issues, which is validated through further simulations.
Person-eye state detection for deep foundation work of power transmission lines based on improved TOOD network
Authors: Chen Junyu , Ding Zheng , Sun Pengcheng , Wang Cong , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

Due to the unique challenges of underground environments, such as complex terrain, limited lighting, and safety hazards like collapses, water accumulation, and hazardous gases, the safety and health of personnel are at significant risk. Therefore, accurately detecting the physiological state of workers, particularly the recognition of eye states, becomes crucial. To meet the demands of detecting the eye states of workers in deep excavation operations under lower hardware conditions and in complex environments, this paper proposes an improved TOOD algorithm. The algorithm enables real-time detection in continuous frame sequences and extracts features using a well-designed lightweight ResNet50-NBt1D. Additionally, the use of a compact Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) to process data extracted by the backbone network further reduces computational complexity. By integrating an anchor-based training strategy, the model effectively selects multi-scale features and performs upsampling to achieve accurate classification and localization tasks, ensuring final detection precision while reducing unnecessary target information and parameter calculations. This provides a cost-effective solution for safety risk detection in deep excavation operations of underground power transmission lines. Finally, the proposed TOOD method was evaluated on a self-constructed dataset. Results show that the method achieved an average recall rate of 96.25% and an average precision of 97.16% in detection tasks, with a reduction in model parameters by approximately 71.62%. This demonstrates that the improved method offers an efficient and feasible solution for safety risk detection in deep excavation operations of underground power transmission lines.
A security algorithm based on SM9 for interdomain communication
Authors: Cheng Huayang , Li Yang , Yan Jing , Wang Dan , Dong Liangyu , Gu Junjie
Published: December 2024

In interdomain communication, confirming member identity and ensuring security is critical, yet identity forgery remains a challenge. Traditional solutions rely on a Certification Authority (CA) to issue authentication certificates and create a trust chain for identity verification. However, different security domains often have incompatible signature mechanisms, complicating certificate management and authentication. We propose a novel ring signature algorithm based on SM9 to address these issues. This algorithm enables member authentication across different domains, ensuring security irrespective of signature mechanisms and certificate versions. With ring signatures, members can authenticate their identities without revealing them to the CA, reducing certificate management burdens and enhancing system flexibility and compatibility. We provide algorithm correctness proofs and conduct security analyses to support practical implementation for identity authentication and communication security.
Development of three-dimensional magnetic field detection device based on FPGA
Authors: Zhu Zhongqiang , Du Xiliang
Published: December 2024

Aiming at the acquisition and real-time processing of three-dimensional magnetic field in space, this paper proposes a magnetic field detection device. It uses 64 three-dimensional magnetic field sensors to consist an 8x8 array measuring the magnetic field within the array range. It uses FPGA as the main control chip to simultaneously acquire the data collected by these three-dimensional magnetic sensors, and implements bilinear interpolation algorithm in FPGA to preprocess the magnetic image. Then it is transmitted to the computer through the Ethernet. The direction and magnetic field intensity of the magnetic vector are calculated by vector synthesis formula, and the data are further processed and plotted by MATLAB, which shows the measured space magnetic field vector information intuitively. The results of the experiment show that the device can obtain the three-dimensional magnetic field information of the space.
Simulation study of spread spectrum communication on satellite
Authors: Wang Jiaming , Gao Shuo , Yu Weicheng , Huang Bo , Xie Ye
Published: December 2024

All the basic principles and simulation models of the PMF-FFT capture algorithm, overlap-transform interference suppression, digital matched filter capture algorithm, delayed phase-locked loop tracking algorithm and Costas ring carrier synchronization in the starborne spread spectrum communication system are elaborated in detail. The waveforms and spectral variations in each stage of spread spectrum communication are simulated and verified using the Simulink tool. The results show that the model can achieve interference suppression, fast capture tracking of pseudocodes, and accurate synchronization of carriers at -30 dB SNR.
Combined ICEEMDAN and CMPE noise reduction algorithm for dynamic deformation data
Authors: Fu Wentao , Du Wenhong , Li Youming , Zhang Jiayuan , Zhang Xiuhua
Published: December 2024

To effectively segregate complex noise components within Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) deformation data, a noise reduction algorithm is proposed, which integrates the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) and composite multiscale permutation entropy (CMPE). The algorithm initially employs the ICEEMDAN algorithm to decompose the observed data into a series of intrinsic modal functions (IMFs), and then develops a CMPE-based effective coefficient sieving method to accurately classify the IMF that contains effective information components, thus obtaining the GNSS deformation data after noise separation. The processing outcomes of both simulated and empirically measured data reveal that the adopted approach surpasses a solitary filtering algorithm in achieving optimal noise mitigation. Notably, the application of this method leads to a diminution of the root mean square error (RMSE) metric associated with the sequence of elevation coordinates, resulting in a reduction to 2.837 mm post-denoising and an enhancement of 32.9% in overall precision.
Image compression scheme based on region of interest recognition
Authors: Wu Dawei , Bai Enjian
Published: December 2024

With the development of networks, many fields now demand higher quality in specific image areas, such as main characters in photos, lesion areas in medical images, and features in remote sensing. At the same time, these fields need to manage data storage and transmission effectively for subsequent analysis and application. In order to meet the demand for image compression in modern society, this paper proposes an image compression scheme based on region of interest (ROI) recognition, dividing images into ROI and non-ROI regions and processing them with lossless and lossy compression, respectively, to improve efficiency and ensure ROI quality. The scheme uses the object detection network YOLOv4 to recognize the ROI of the image, designs an image block difference transformation to transform the image pixels into smaller values, designs a lossless DC encoding for the ROI of the image based on the difference between adjacent pixels, and designs a lossy DC encoding with quantization coding for the non-ROI of the image. Experimental analysis of uncompressed images shows the scheme effectively enhances compression efficiency while maintaining ROI quality, proving its practical value.
Incremental update algorithm for minimal dominating set of dynamic undirected graphs
Authors: Zhang Hongtao
Published: December 2024

Minimum dominating set is a basic graph problem. Most existing solving algorithms are designed for static graphs. In this paper, an incremental update algorithm is proposed to solve the minimal dominating set of a dynamic graph. This algorithm can quickly update the MDS when the structure of graph changes, and not need to recalculate based on the entire graph. By analyzing the characteristics of the four structural changes (adding vertices, deleting vertices, adding edges, and deleting edges) in the graph, a local update strategy for the minimal dominating set is designed, and a reduction rule for the minimal dominating set is proposed. This not only effectively reduces the computational complexity, but also enables the algorithm results to approach the minimum dominating set. Compared with traditional static algorithms, our algorithm has higher efficiency and accuracy in calculating the minimal dominating set of dynamic graphs.
Identification of Fungi that Decompose Avicennia marina Leaf Litter at 21-30 ppt Salinity Level to Improve Sustainability of Mangrove Ecosystem
Authors: Yunasfi  , Silalahi R , Utomo B , Dalimunthe A , Sembiring S , Purba J G , Sihotang V , Sitepu G A , Lubis S R
Published: December 2024

Due to its contribution of organic matter, litter creation is crucial to the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems. The breakdown process of litter involves the involvement of microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria. The purpose of this study is to quantify the amount of proteins and carbohydrates in the disintegrated leaf, as well as the rate at which Avicennia marina leaf litter decomposes and the fungus involved in the process. The Forest Cultivation Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, University of North Sumatra, and the Medan Industrial Research and Standardization Center hosted this study from August 2023 to January 2024. Both the dilution approach and the litter bag method were employed in this investigation. The decomposition rate of Avicennia marina leaf litter was 10.71/year. There are 5 species of fungi obtained, namely Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2, Aspergillus sp. 3, Aspergillus sp. 4, and Penicilium sp. The index value of the diversity of the species of fungi found in Avicennia marina leaf litter is 1.50. The average percentage of carbohydrate content contained in the decomposed litter is 8.7% and protein content is 7.7%.
Analysis of erosion rate in Sleman District using the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) method
Authors: Aini L N , Taufiqurrohman M A , Isnawan B H
Published: December 2024

Population growth has resulted in land conversion. One consequence is the potential for erosion. This research is to determine the rate and level of erosion hazard in Sleman Regency. The research was conducted using a survey method. Location determination was carried out purposively, while representative samples were determined using a stratified random sampling method based on land catena which is divided into 4 geomorphic units, namely upper slope, middle slope, lower slope and foot slope. The data obtained were analyzed using the empirical Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) formula. The results of the research show that the predicted erosion rate for Sleman Regency in the upper slope geomorphic units is 2.44-331.23 tons/ha/year, belonging to the very light to heavy erosion hazard class. In the middle slope geomorphic unit, it is 0.77-28.34 tons/ha/year with an erosion hazard level that is classified as very light to light. In the lower slope geomorphic unit, it is 0.43-6.62 tons/ha/year with a very light level of erosion hazard, while in the toe slope geomorphic unit it is 0.35-57.05 tons/ha/year with an erosion hazard level classification. which is classified as very light to mild.
The effect of agricultural policy on sustainability and environmental protection: omnibus law case study
Authors: Marpaung N , Nitami D A , Siregar O M , Eriza F , Asbi E A
Published: December 2024

This study assesses the effects of increased domestic investment in the Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry, and Fisheries sectors on environmental sustainability in Indonesia, particularly after the Omnibus Law was enacted in 2020. Using a descriptive quantitative approach and time series data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, relevant Ministries, legal documents, and previous research, the study examines the relationship between domestic investment and various environmental indicators. These indicators include the area of forest and aquatic conservation, total plantation land, greenhouse gas emission intensity, and energy intensity in agriculture. The analysis reveals that despite a significant rise in investment, there has been no notable impact on environmental sustainability. Forest and aquatic conservation areas have remained stable, and while plantation land has increased, it is unevenly distributed. Additionally, greenhouse gas emissions and energy intensity have shown stability with minor reductions, indicating that sustainable practices have not been effectively implemented. The findings underscore the need for more robust policies to ensure that increased investment also fosters environmental protection and long-term sustainability.
Multi-source environmental diversity mapping to assess potential level of soil degradation on coffee plantations: Ende Regency, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Mutiara C , Wahyuni S , Mujiyo M , Cahyono O , Dewi W S , Herawati A , Romadhon M R , Istiqomah N M , Irmawati V , Hardian T , Hasanah K , Anggita A
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the potential level of soil degradation from coffee plantation land use in the Ende district of Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. Given its significant economic role in the region, coffee cultivation has been noted for its detrimental impact on soil quality and health. The main goal of this study is to thoroughly assess the level of soil degradation and determine the key factors driving it. The methodology utilizes a scoring system based on land map units overlaid with thematic maps encompassing administrative boundaries, soil types, rainfall distribution, land use patterns, and slope gradients. Over the past six years, coffee productivity in Ende Regency has consistently declined, averaging 6.49 tons per year. The findings indicate that a substantial portion of Ende Regency, encompassing approximately 107,977.90 hectares, falls within the low potential for soil damage category. Recommendations for mitigation include adopting enhanced land management practices and implementing integrated pest and disease control strategies in coffee cultivation. This study aims to understand sustainable agricultural practices in coffee production contexts, emphasizing the importance of balancing economic development with environmental stewardship in fragile ecosystems like those found in Ende Regency.
Spatial distribution and characteristics of microplastic particles in sediments at Belawan Estuary, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Leidonald R , Muhtadi A , Fadhilah A , Susetya I E , Panjaitan E T , Sihombing M A , Qaulya U , Rohim N , Firdaus M , Tampubolon P A
Published: December 2024

The presence of plastic waste in waters, both in macro and micro forms, has been a widely researched topic in various studies at different observation sites. This underlies the need to study the spatial distribution of microplastics in the sediments of the Belawan estuary. In addition to the fact that no research has been conducted on microplastics in this area before, this study can provide up-to-date information and further analysis on the presence and abundance of microplastics in the sediments of the Belawan Estuary area. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics and distribution of microplastics in the sediments of the Belawan Estuary, North Sumatra. The research was conducted from September to December 2023. Microplastics in the sediments, obtained from 36 samples from aquatic sediments/sea floor and mangrove forest sediments, were found contain several types of microplastics, including fibers, fragments, foam, pellets, and films. Fragments and films were the most commonly found types of microplastics in the sediments of the Belawan estuary. Microplastics in mangrove sediments were found higher compared to aquatic sediments. The types of microplastic polymers found in the sediments of the Belawan estuary were Nylon, polyester (PES), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Reducing food waste for environmental sustainability: study in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan M , Kirana D C , Rahmah R , Sabiella I D
Published: December 2024

Food waste is one of the problems that must be resolved immediately considering the difficulty of this type of waste to be reprocessed. Food waste has negative economic, social and environmental consequences and occurs most often during the consumption stage, especially in households. Thus, to assist Indonesian policies aimed at minimizing food waste, the purpose of this research is to comprehend consumer food waste behavior (FWB). This study explains this phenomenon using awareness, knowledge, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The results of analysis from 205 Indonesian respondents using PLS-SEM found that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control had a significant influence on food waste avoidance intention (FWAI) which ultimately could minimize FWB. However, it has been demonstrated that awareness has little impact on consumer understanding, which in turn has no impact on FWAI and FWB. These results can provide an idea for regulators in Indonesia regarding the variables that must be influenced so that consumer behavior can be changed, and food waste can be reduced. The results of this investigation also contribute to realizing Goal No. 12 of the Sustainable Development Agenda, which is responsible for production and consumption.
Visual observation of potassium solubilizing bacteria on modified alexandrov liquid medium from Ultisol applied with biosilica
Authors: Akasah W , Nursa’adah  , Tarigan A N V , Batubara R P , Zidan M S
Published: December 2024

Potassium deficiency can be tricky in Ultisol, this is because soil tests can show sufficient levels of K availability, but plants can still respond to fertilization. Many factors interfere with K uptake by plants, such as unavailable potassium and shallow roots. Potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) are one of bacteria that can maintain soil health which is necessary for plant growth. Bacteria are generally able to live well influenced by the application of organic fertilizer such as biosilica. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using biosilica to increase the development of plant roots as a residence for KSB. This research used several levels of biosilica treatment doses, including S0: 0 g / polybag; S1: 20 g / polybag; S2: 40 g / polybag; S3: 60 g / polybag; S4: 80 g / polybag; S5: 100 g / polybag. Then isolated KSB using modified Aleksandrov liquid medium from each treatment. The results of the research showed that from visual observation KSB produced organic acids more quickly if isolated from Ultisol which had been given biosilica (S5), the secretion of organic acids started on the second day of incubation and continued to produce organic acids until the seventh day of incubation.
Growth and production of Pakcoy plant (Brassica rapa L.) by giving NPK fertilizers and biosaka
Authors: Meiriani  , Pandiangan A Y
Published: December 2024

Optimizing in using agricultural production materials is important to be paid attention to in order to support food security and global climate change. The progressive application NPK fertilizer application can also increase growth and vegetable yields, supported by the application of biosaka which is a plant extract liquid containing low levels of phytohormones and secondary metabolites. Its function is to stimulate plant growth and increase plant resistance to pests and diseases. This research studied the growth and production of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) by applying NPK fertilizer and biosaka, held in Medan, at ± 25 meters asl, from December 2023 to January 2024, using a Randomized Block Design with two factors and repeated 3 times. The first was the application of NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer (150; 200; 250 kg/ha). The second was biosaka solution concentration (0.67; 1.33; 2.00 ml/L). The application of NPK fertilizer had a real impact on plant height, leaves number, fresh shoots weight and harvest weight with the best NPK fertilizer dose of 150 kg/ha, but had no real effect on harvest index. The application of biosaka and interaction or both treatments have not real impact to all parameter’s.
The role liquid biofertilizer dosage and time of fertilization to increase kailan growth and production in supporting organic farming
Authors: Lahay R R , Sapalina F , Turnip R C , Marbun P
Published: December 2024

Application of chemical fertilizer are one of the causes of soil damage. Reduction of chemical fertilizer application can cause soil compaction. One of the efforts to increase the production of kailan is applying liquid biofertilizer. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of biofertilizer dosage and time of fertilization on plant growth and production of kailan. This research was carried out in Bunga Turi V Street, Block III, Sidomulyo Village, Medan Tuntungan Sud-district, North Sumatera from September 2023 to November 2023. This research used non-factorial Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consisted: control, 10 l/ha applicated at 7 DAP, 10 l/ha applicated at 14 DAP, 20 l/ha applicated at 7 DAP, 20 l/ha applicated at 14 DAP, 30 l/ha applicated at 7 DAP, 30 l/ha applicated at 14DAP. The result of the analysis showed that application of liquid biological fertilizer has a significant effect on number of leaves chlorophyll, fresh plant shoot and root weight. The treatment of liquid biofertilizer with dose 30 l/ha applicated at 7DAP produced the highest plant growth dan production compare to other treatments.
Analysis of molecular genetic diversity of Nephelium lappaceum L. plant in North Sumatra using RAPD markers
Authors: Yoswan R , Damanik R I
Published: December 2024

Achieving high fruit production requires development with quality superior seeds and good management professional. In fact, it is very difficult to identify the advantages of perennial plants such as rambutan which are only based on morphology because it has a long lifespan, so identification with molecular marker technology is needed. This study aimed to obtain achieve data about genetic diversity and molecular characterization of genetic banding pattern of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) in North Sumatra using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers. Research was conducted at Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan from January 2024 to March 2024. Based on nine plant samples from 3 districts in North Sumatra, namely: Binjai (BJ), Deli Serdang (DS), and Langkat (LG) where from each 3 different samples accessions were taken from each district. Determine of band size use a UVITEC Cambridge FireReader computer software and determine of genetic sameness relationship use Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP ver 3.2) online software. Base on 9 samples isolated of rambutan and amplify use primers OPK-16, OPK-7, OPK-19 and OPD-8, obtained band sizes range from 100-4,600 bp and base on phylo-genetic UPGMA results were divided into two groups. Group I consist of LG 1 and Group II consisted of LG 2, DS 2, BJ 2, LG 3, BJ 1, BJ 3, DS 3, DS 1 with genetically similar points range from 0.48-1.
Effect of waterlogging, GA3 and BAP on the growth and production of several soybeans’ varieties Glycine max L. Merril plant
Authors: Safira S , Damanik R I
Published: December 2024

Plant growth is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as rainfall that causes waterlogging. Soybeans are very sensitive to waterlogging, so it is necessary to make exertions to avoid soybean plants from waterlogging by providing growth regulators to see the response of PGR to soybean production. The research was steered in the watered paddy fields in Simeme Village, Deli Tua District, North Sumatra in October 2022 until January 2023 by a Split Plot Design with three factors: inundation, meditation of growth regulators (control, 100 ppm GA3 + 100 ppm BAP dan 200 ppm GA3 + 200 ppm BAP) and varieties (Deja-1, Dena-1 and Devon-1). The constraints detected were plant tallness, numeral of leaves, period of flowering, sum of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, analysis of chlorophyll, protein and Peroxidase (POD) enzyme. The results presented that the variety had a substantial effect on plant height 2 weeks after planting (WAP), number of leaves 2, 3, 4 WAP and period of flowering. PGR treatment pointedly precious plant height 3, 4, 5, 6 WAP and numeral of leaves 3, 4, 5 WAP. The waterlogging behavior pointedly precious the amount of peapods per plant and seeds per plant. Dealings of varieties with PGR and waterlogging with PGR significantly artificial the number of leaves 6 WAP.
The number of applications of phosphate solubilizing bacterial biofertilizer in reducing inorganic fertilizers on soybeans plant (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
Authors: Hapsoh  , Wawan  , Dini I R , Mardina S
Published: December 2024

Providing biofertilizers with the efficiency of chemical fertilizers is one form of support for sustainable soybean cultivation. This study aims to obtain the best combination of doses of N, P, K fertilizers with the best number of applications of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacterial (PSB) biofertilizers for growth and results in reducing inorganic use in soybean plants in Ultisol soil. The study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments used were: PI: doses of 100% inorganic fertilizer + without PSB biofertilizers, P2: doses of 75% inorganic fertilizer + 3 times the application of PSB biofertilizers, P3: doses of 75% + 4 times the application of PSB biofertilizers, P4: 50% inorganic fertilizer + 3 times the application of PSB biofertilizers, P5: doses of 50% inorganic fertilizer + 4 times the application of PSB biofertilizers. The research results found that PSB biofertilizer on soybean plants can make the use of inorganic fertilizer more efficient. The best dose of 75% inorganic fertilizer application + 4 times the application of PSB speeds up harvesting, increases the weight of 100 seedlings, and increases the weight of the planted seeds.
The presence of insects before and after using the herbicides ammonium glufosinate and methyl metsulfurone in various doses
Authors: Keliat D S N , Purba E , Marheni
Published: December 2024

Biodiversity of an area is a function of local diversity or certain habitats and structures in the land area, soil biodiversity is a form of alpha diversity that plays a very important role in maintaining and improving the function of the soil to support life in it. The results of the 27 pitfall traps pitfall traps obtained as many as 311 individuals before application and 96 individuals after application trapped in pitfall traps. Of these, according to the number of individuals, macrofauna are grouped by species, consisting of 5 species and 7 families. The results of the research conducted found 11 types of soil macrofauna species, namely Diacamma holosericu, Oecophylla smaragdina, Colobopsis saundersi, Zodarion rubidum, Icius hamatus, Euborellia annulata, Monomarium pharaonis, Pardosa torrentum, Julus virgatus, Grylus bimaculatus, Anochetus rugasus. The results of the investigation after herbicide application with different doses from 27 pitfall traps obtained a total of 96 individuals caught in pitfall traps. Of these, the macrofauna were grouped by species according to the number of individuals. The introduction of species characteristics can be classified into 8 species of soil macrofauna from the study site. Consisting of 4 species and 5 families.
Evaluation of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) ecotype growth on root production in salinity
Authors: Novita A , Siregar L A M , Rosmayati
Published: December 2024

Salinity in plant can have a negative growth effect, development and yield. This research aims to obtain the best vetiver ecotype for planting in suitable salinity conditions. Screening several vetiver ecotypes. The study adopted a randomized design. Salinity stress was the first factor including no salinity, 4 dSm−1 salinity, 8 dSm−1 salinity, 12 dSm−1 salinity, 16 dSm−1 salinity and 20 dSm−1 salinity, while Ecotypes was the second factor which consists of Bogor, Bojonegoro, and Padang, where 3 replications were made for each treatment. This study showed that salinity causes adverse effects on plant growth to a certain extent in vetiver plants. An Important role played by vetiver ecotypes on saline soil. The Padang ecotype was the higher fresh root weight compared to the Bojonegoro ecotype and the Bogor ecotype. Furthermore, the differences in results from each ecotype are greatly influenced by genetic factors. Yield characteristics and yield components as well as growth characteristics was strongly influenced by environmental factors. Environmental factors (temperature, rainfall, climate or soil) have a relevant influence on plant productivity.