bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shaping the Sciences and Humanities in the Digital Age
Authors: Strohschneider Peter
Published: June 2018

Digitalisation and digitality are changing the world – and the sciences and humanities with it. This transformation gives rise to unpredictable opportunities for knowledge yet at the same time poses enormous challenges that must be addressed in science‐driven research funding.
Reforms in the administration of irrigation systems: Mexican experiences
Authors: Arreguin Cortes Felipe Ignacio , Garcia Villanueva Nahun Hamed , Gonzalez Casillas Arturo , Guillen Gonzalez Jose Angel
Published: June 2018

A brief description is presented of the process and impact of the transfer of the infrastructure, management, and operation of irrigation districts in Mexico from the state to farmers. It begins with an overview of the present and future conditions of the hydro‐agricultural sector in the country, and goes on to discuss the social background and the legal framework under which the transfer process was planned and carried out, highlighting the participation and the organizational framework adopted by the users, which not only remains in force, but has been consolidated, giving rise to a social organization that constitutes an example nationwide. In addition, a series of major challenges, problems, and opportunities that need to be addressed in order to meet the current and growing food demand prevailing in the country are discussed. In closing, a reflection is given on the importance of the legal framework on water and its impact on the agricultural sector, highlighting the need to have a General Water Law that is applicable both to the three tiers of government that exist in Mexico and to society at large, an action currently in progress. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of (1‐(2‐(Benzyloxy)‐2‐oxoethyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl Benzoate Analogues
Authors: Kaushik C. P. , Pahwa Ashima , Kumar Devinder , Kumar Ashwani , Singh Dharmendra , Kumar Krishan , Luxmi Raj
Published: June 2018

A convenient one pot synthesis of 20 (1‐(2‐(benzyloxy)‐2‐oxoethyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl benzoate analogues (5a–5t) with ester functionality was carried out via Cu(I) catalyzed click reaction between prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl benzoates and benzyl 2‐azidoacetates. The structure of synthesized triazoles were explicated by various spectral techniques like FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry and evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. Most of synthesized triazole derivatives exhibited average to excellent activity against tested microbial strains.
Kinetic Modeling of Palmitamidopropyl Betaine Synthesis
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Shang Xiaoqin , Liu Peng , Xie Fengwei , Xiao Tingyu , Song Shanshan , Gong Zhe
Published: June 2018

In this work, the reaction kinetics of betaine synthesis were investigated. Specifically, an integral method was used to analyze the experimental data of the amidation reaction over the temperature range of 413.15–453.15 K and the data of the quaternization reaction over the temperature range of 348.15–368.15 K. The 2 reaction steps were shown to match the second‐order bimolecular kinetics model, and their equations could be deduced from the experimental data at different temperatures. The activation energy, Ea, and the pre‐exponential factor, A, were obtained from the equilibrium constant at different temperatures using the Arrhenius equation. For the 2 reactions, the activation energies were 31.68 and 47.03 kJ mol−1, respectively, and the preexponential factors were 26.99 and 4.07 × 104. Over the tested temperature range, the kinetic model equations were verified by comparing the additional experimental data with the theoretical values. This study provides a theoretical basis for the continuous production of palmitamidopropyl betaine.
Lichtblicke in der mikrobiellen Stammentwicklung
Authors: Wiechert Johanna , Frunzke Julia
Published: June 2018

Biosensoren der Zelle nutzen die natürliche Sensorik eines Organismus, um etwa eine Metabolitenkonzentration in ein optisches Signal umzuwandeln. Als vielseitig verwendbares Werkzeug helfen sie, bakterielle Stämme für die biotechnische Produktion zu entwickeln und zu optimieren.
Wie Chromat in die Zelle gelangt
Authors: Friedrich Jens , Oetken Marco
Published: June 2018

Um Schülern zu zeigen, wie wasserlösliche Ionen unpolare Barrieren durchdringen, eignen sich Versuche mit Kronenethern. Sie dienen als Modelle für Transportermoleküle, die diese Funktion bei lebenden Zellen übernehmen.
Wirklich unzertrennlich? Seltene Erden trennen und recyclen
Authors: Daumann Lena J.
Published: June 2018

Yttrium, Scandium, Lanthan und die Lanthanoide sind für Alltags‐, Medizin‐ und Energietechniken unerlässlich. Derzeit werden weniger als ein Prozent der genutzten seltenen Erden recycelt, und die chemisch ähnlichen zu trennen, ist nach wie vor schwierig. Aber es gibt neue Ansätze.
Deutsche und französische Massenspektrometriker tagen in Saarbrücken
Authors: Gross Jürgen H.
Published: June 2018

Anfang März tagten über 600 Massenspektrometriker für vier Tage an der Universität Saarbrücken. Organisiert hatten die Tagung die Société Française de Spectrométrie de Masse (SFSM) und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Massenspektrometrie (DGMS). Es war das zweite Mal, dass die DGMS eine solche Veranstaltung gemeinsam mit einer Gesellschaft eines Nachbarlands ausgerichtet hat. Zirka zwei Drittel der Teilnehmer kamen von der DGMS und ein Drittel von der SFSM, was grob dem Mitgliederverhältnis der beiden Gesellschaften entspricht. Das Tagungsprogramm umfasste elf Plenarvorträge und den Wolfgang‐Paul‐Vortrag. 72 eingereichte Vorträge waren auf drei Parallelsessions aufgeteilt, und Wissenschaftler präsentierten an den drei Tagen etwa 280 Poster. Etwa zwanzig Anbieter von Geräten, Zubehör und Software waren vertreten, deren Stände im Foyer abwechselnd mit den Postern angeordnet waren.
Misclassification of self‐reported smoking in adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Huang I‐Chan , Klosky James L. , Young Chelsea M. , Murphy Sharon E. , Krull Kevin K. , Srivastava DeoKumar , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L.
Published: June 2018

We investigated misclassification rates, sensitivity, and specificity of self‐reported cigarette smoking through serum cotinine concentration (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) among 287 adult survivors of childhood cancer. Overall, 2.5–6.7% and 19.7–36.9% of the self‐reported never and past smokers had cotinine levels indicative of active smoking. Sensitivity and specificity of self‐reported smoking were 57.5–67.1% and 96.6–99.2%. Misclassification was associated with younger age (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.4–7.4), male (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1–4.0), and past (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3–5.8) or current (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.0–6.6) marijuana use. After adjusting for tobacco‐related variables, current marijuana use remained a significant risk for misclassification. Clinicians/researchers should consider bio‐verification to measure smoking status among survivors.
Mechanical, thermal, and ablative properties between graphene oxide and graphitic carbon nitride based carbon/phenolic composites: a comparative study
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Yang Yu , Lu Chunxiang , Xiao Dengji , Wu Shijie , Liu Yaodong
Published: June 2018

In this article, we investigated the interfacial, thermal and ablative properties of two nanofillers‐filled carbon/phenolic (CF/PR) composites. In particular, graphene oxide (GO) and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) were used to produce lowly loaded (0.1 wt%) composites. The ablative properties of the composites were researched through an oxygen–acetylene flame torch test and were characterized through analysis of the post‐burning morphology, ablation depth and width. GO‐ and g‐C3N4‐filled composites showed 62.02 and 22.36% improvement in ablation resistance compared with the pristine, respectively, even with different mechanisms. The proposed mechanism of GO‐filled composite is that GO may significantly contribute to increasing the graphitization of the fiber surface and further improving the thermal resistance to high‐temperature ablation. However, thicker fiber diameter and charred layer of ablative zone in g‐C3N4‐filled composite can dissipate the flammable gases and improve the anti‐oxidation. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1928–E1938, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
The role of the Italian Space Agency in investigating high frequencies for satellite communications: The Alphasat experiment
Authors: Codispoti G. , Parca G. , Ruggieri M. , Rossi T. , De Sanctis M. , Riva C. , Luini L.
Published: June 2018

Since the 1970s, satellite communications have been continuously evolving and improving to provide services characterized by increasing complexity and quality. This evolution has been supported by the constant increase in the operating frequency for achieving the necessary high data rates. This contribution focuses on the long‐term key role of the Italian Space Agency in supporting research activities on (and the developments of) high‐frequency satellite communication systems. The Alphasat experiment is the most recent effort of the Italian Space Agency, in collaboration with the European Space Agency, to thoroughly investigate the severe detrimental atmospheric effects impairing radio waves at high frequency (specifically, Ka and Q bands) and the associated fade mitigation techniques (eg, uplink power control, site diversity, and adaptive coding and modulation) required to achieve the typical target quality and availability of modern satellite communication systems.
P‐70: Improving Defect Repair Rate in Automatic Repair Process of Color Filter Manufacturing
Authors: Peng Li , Tingting Liu , Meng Feng , Jian Li , Pingfu Li , Heewoong Kim , Yanchun Liu
Published: June 2018

The defects that AOI detected and couldn't cause mal‐function to TFT‐LCD productions obviously undercut repair rate. In this paper, a new filter is used to enhance the repair rate and shorten the time spent in repair process. The repair rate is enhanced from 19.97% to 65.65% and about 42% time spent in repair process is saved.
77‐1: Invited Paper: Modelling Visibility of Temporal Light Artefacts
Authors: Perz Małgorzata , Sekulovski Dragan , Vogels Ingrid M. L. C. , Heynderickx Ingrid E. J.
Published: June 2018

As LEDs respond almost instantaneously to the driving current, they are susceptible to Temporal Light Artefacts (TLAs). We used the results of more than 10 perception studies to quantify the visibility of these TLAs. The developed and validated visibility measures can be used to design LED light sources with high lighting quality in various applications.
76‐2: Invited Paper: Optical Fingerprint Sensor Based on a‐Si:H TFT Technology
Authors: Bae Sanghoon , Ling Yan , Lin Weiping , Zhu Hong
Published: June 2018

In this report, hydrogenated amorphous Si (a‐Si:H) TFT technology based optical fingerprint sensors are demonstrated. Our a‐Si:H fingerprint sensor technology has the advantages over CMOS fingerprint sensor technology with regard to internal quantum efficiency in accordance with our simulations, expandability to large area, insensitivity to IR light and cost efficiency. We have successfully developed three types of fingerprint sensor modules which we name thin optical touch (TOT), hidden optical touch (HOT) and hidden under display (HUD) sensors. Each sensor module is designed accordingly for a particular application. Our sensor size ranges from small size (4.0 mm x 8.0 mm) for smartphone user identification to 4 finger size (3.2” x 3.0”) for public security check.
75‐2: Novel Plane Source FMM Evaporation Techniques for Manufacturing of 2250ppi flexible AMOLEDs
Authors: Hwang Changhun , Kim Sung Su , Bang Shin Woong , Chin Byung Doo , Jo Sung Min , Choi Se Ho , Lee Jong Yae , Ju Sung Hoo
Published: June 2018

The linear source FMM evaporation can only provide 600ppi AMOLED devices because of the shadow effect so that new concept of FMM patterning technology is needed in order to fabricate the 2250ppi AMOLEDs. Recently, the plane source FMM evaporation techniques has been developed to show a dramatically suppressed shadow effect and to measure the 0.18um of shadow distance and Hwang's mixing for the new way of EML layer process. The green color OLED device has been fabricated by the plane source evaporation to study the emission property for the first time. In addition, the fabrication process of the plane source FMM evaporator has been discussed for the 2250ppi flexible AMOLED.
61‐1: Form Birefringence‐Based Achromatic Quarter‐Wave Film for Anti‐Reflection of OLEDs
Authors: Goto Masanao , Suzaki Goro , Toriyama Shigetaka
Published: June 2018

We present a new achromatic quarter‐wave thin film based on form birefringence for use as an anti‐reflection coating in OLEDs. It features a precisely controlled sub‐wavelength structure that enables, in a single film, a wide viewing angle and high achromaticity compared to conventional films.
51‐1: Optimal Fast‐Response LCD for High‐Definition Virtual Reality Head Mounted Display
Authors: Matsushima Toshiharu , Seki Kenta , Kimura Shunichi , Iwakabe Yasushi , Yata Tatsuya , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Komura Shinichi , Uchida Makoto , Nakamura Takashi
Published: June 2018

The fast response LCD is necessary for high‐definition and high‐refresh rate virtual‐reality head mounted displays. In this study, fast‐response properties were achieved by SLC‐IPS. High transmittance and stable switching were obtained using a one‐side branch structure with small irregularities in the electrode.
52‐3: Invited Paper: Combining Engineered EPI Growth Substrate Materials with Novel Test and Mass‐Transfer Equipment to Enable MicroLED Mass‐Production
Authors: Henley Francois J.
Published: June 2018

Advances in layer‐transfer methods are making large‐area growth templates a reality for GaN and GaAs compound semiconductors. QMAT will introduce its layer‐transfer technology tuned for microLED applications integrating functional layers that simplify printability and testability. MicroLED yield and test challenges will also be discussed.
53‐2: Development of Cu BCE‐structure IGZO TFT for High‐ppi 85‐in. 8K x 4K 120Hz GOA LCD
Authors: Ge Shi-Min , Li Shan , Chen Shu-Jhih , Wang Xiao , Meng Yan-Hong , Shi Wen , Wu Wei , Zhu Feng , Wu Yue , Li Gong-Tan , Liu Jing-Jing , Jiang M , Shi Long-Qiang , Zhao Feng , Seo Hyun-Sik , Chiu Chung-Yi , Lee Chia-Yu
Published: June 2018

The electrical characteristics of back‐channel‐etched (BCE)‐structure indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) were studied. Through modifying the passivation layer and optimizing the selection of color‐filter material and the design of the gate‐driver‐on‐array (GOA) TFT structure, the GOA TFTs were made to exhibit good device reliability. Finally, a high‐performance 85‐in. 8K x 4K 120Hz GOA LCD was demonstrated.
59‐1: Invited Paper: A Full‐color Micro‐light‐emitting‐diode Display by a Lithographic‐fabricated Photoresist Mold
Authors: Lin Chih-Hao , Lee Chun-Fu , Verma Akta , Lin Huang-Yu , Lin Chien-Chung , Sher Chin-Wei , Kuo Hao-Chung
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we will review our lab's result on using photoresist as the masking material for micro‐LED arrays. The colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are used as photon conversion layer and the Aerosol Jet ® technology was applied for dispensing the QDs. A full‐color array can be demonstrated and the isolation between pixels can be improved. The output light intensity can also be improved via the inclusion of a ultra‐violet band distributed Bragg reflector (DBR).
P‐158: Study on Dispersant Influence of Color Characteristic Degradation of colorant Material for Wide Color Gamut†
Authors: Kim Ahn-Ki , Ji Seung-Hoon , Ahn Byung-Gun , Han Sang-Hun , Kwak Mu-Sun , Lee Joun-Ho , Jun Mike , Kang In-Byeong
Published: June 2018

Color characteristic degradation of color filter photoresist is occurred under high temperature, high humidity, and strong light environments. The effect of dispersant in color filter photoresist to color characteristic degradation was studied, and it depends on the dispersant in color PR, which has been experimentally verified.
45‐2: Invited Paper: Micro‐LED Displays: Key Manufacturing Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Paranjpe Ajit , Montgomery Jay , Lee Soo Min , Morath Christopher
Published: June 2018

Micro‐LED displays offer potential advantages such as high brightness and low energy consumption; however mass adoption requires that manufacturing yield and cost targets are met. In this presentation we explore key manufacturing requirements and present solutions for MOVCD epitaxy and mass transfer to enable Micro‐LED display adoption for consumer applications.
3‐1: Invited Paper: VR Standards and Guidelines
Authors: Brennesholtz Matthew S.
Published: June 2018

Virtual Reality is a new technology end‐to‐end, from content creation through distribution to display. The differences between VR and systems such as television, cinema or streaming video have led to the development of many new guidelines and standards that can be potentially confusing. This paper will attempt to reduce this confusion.
7‐2: High‐contrast Encoding Method for Amplitude‐only Computer Generated Hologram
Authors: An Jungkwuen , Shin Bongsu , Lee Chang-Kun , Choi Chil-Sung , Yoo Chorong , Sung Geeyoung , Kim Hojung , Song Hoon , Chung Jae-Seung , Seo Juwon , Won Kanghee , Lee Sung-Hoon , Kim Sunil , Seo Wontaek , Kim Yongkyu , Kim Young , Kim Yun-Tae , Lee Hong-Seok , Lee Duckhyung
Published: June 2018

The new encoding methods are proposed and demonstrated for amplitude‐only computer‐generated hologram (CGH). Traditionally, the amplitude‐only encoding method proposed by Burch, has been used over 50 years, because it is the deterministic solution for generating an ideal hologram added by its conjugated hologram. Since the amplitude‐only hologram cannot represent negative values, the result of Burch's encoding should always be added by some values, so that none of data is less than zero. It means that the electric‐field of zero amplitude mapped into the medium gray level in a spatial light modulator (SLM). In ideal holographic display, it does not cause any problem on reconstructing holograms, but the medium gray level actually adds the noise at the practical holographic display. We introduce the encoding methods which can map the zero amplitude into the zero gray level. These encoding methods can increase the contrast ratio of an amplitude‐only hologram by reducing unnecessary scattering and stray lights.
16‐3: Study on Enhancement of the Sound Quality by Improvement of Panel Vibration in OLED TV
Authors: Lee Sungtae , Park Kwanho , Jang Kyeongkun , Oh Changho
Published: June 2018

With the remarkable development of TV technology, CRT has been evolving into LCD and OLED, and design is also developing as a Slim & Simple trend. In recent years, TVs have been designed so that the sound is reflected and heard by hiding the speaker behind the panel to differentiate the design. As a result, the sound quality is affected by the room environment (furniture arrangement, floor material, etc.) The number of viewers who purchase and install separate speakers is increasing. In this study, we investigated how to reduce the reflection sound by Standing wave by optimizing the enclosure shape in the CSO (Crystal Sound OLED) technology, which was the OLED panel developed last year by LG Display and used as speaker diaphragm. We want to improve peak and dip in frequency characteristics by improving abnormal vibration generated by panel speaker.
21‐4: Newly Developed Light Field Display with Ultra‐Wide Viewing Angle and High Resolution
Authors: Koito Takeo , Saito Keiichi , Hayashi Shuji , Takizawa Keiji
Published: June 2018

We developed a new light field display with ultra‐wide viewing angle and high resolution. The ultra‐wide viewing angle and high three‐dimensional resolution characteristics were achieved by designing a barrier with a new concept and through a specific arrangement of viewing points to suppress the deterioration of resolution.
26‐2: Extremely High‐Efficient OLED Achieving External Quantum Efficiency over 40% by Carrier Injection Layer with Super‐Low Refractive Index
Authors: Watabe Takeyoshi , Yamaoka Ryohei , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Tomida Airi , Seo Satoshi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2018

Extremely low‐refractive‐index hole‐injection and electron‐injection layers were developed to improve the outcoupling efficiency of an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED). These layers enabled a remarkably high external quantum efficiency of 41% in a bottom‐emission phosphorescent OLED and also improved the current efficiency even in a top‐emission OLED with a microcavity structure.
7‐1: Computer Generated Hologram Accelerated by using Hybrid Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm (HIFTA) on Phase Modulator LCOS
Authors: Wu Shang-Ting , Huang Shang-Hao , Chen Huang-Ming Philip , Huang Yi-Pai
Published: June 2018

Iterative fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) or symmetrical iterative fourier transform algorithm (SIFTA) could be used to generate the computer generated hologram (CGH) in holographic projection, but the reconstructed image exists blurred on the edge or unsmooth in a few iterations. We present a hybrid iterative fourier transform algorithm (HIFTA), which have three different restrictions on the area of the target image and, in simulation and reconstruction results, we implemented the better image quality in same iterations, or in less than one‐half iterations reach similar image quality comparing to IFTA and SIFTA on average.
36‐3: Invited Paper: Homogeneous Self‐Alignment Technology without Forming Conventional Alignment Layers
Authors: Mizusaki Masanobu , Tsuchiya Hiroshi , Itoh Tomonori , Minoura Kiyoshi
Published: June 2018

Development of self‐alignment technology without using conventional alignment layer materials is important for future LCDs such as flexible and/or narrow‐frame LCDs. We have developed a new fabrication method and its materials for obtaining a uniaxially homogeneous alignment of LC without forming the conventional alignment layer produced from a polyimide film.
38‐1:Invited Paper:Stretchable Oxide TFTs with PI/PDMS Substrate
Authors: Lee Suhui , Li Xiuling , Park Chanju , Jang Jin
Published: June 2018

We report a simple method to realize stretchable oxide TFTs built on polyimide (PI) and then transferred to PDMS substrate. The devices can be stretched up to 50% with negligible performance degradation, making it a promising approach to wearable electronics using high performance oxide TFT backplane.
40‐1: Invited Paper: Next Generation Virtual Reality Displays: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Parikh Kunjal , Zhuang Jim , Pallister Kim , Jiang Jun , Smith Marshall
Published: June 2018

The value of delivering high pixel density and high aperture ratio display at low latency and lower persistence in compact form factor is being described using micro‐display as key enabler. The trade‐off between field of view, size and scalability to meet the price targets will be discussed. The broad overview of system impact using novel display design with Intel's key technologies such as high performance compute will be presented to give holistic view about product vision.
Biohybrid and Bioinspired Magnetic Microswimmers
Authors: Bente Klaas , Codutti Agnese , Bachmann Felix , Faivre Damien
Published: June 2018

Many motile microorganisms swim and navigate in chemically and mechanically complex environments. These organisms can be functionalized and directly used for applications (biohybrid approach), but also inspire designs for fully synthetic microbots. The most promising designs of biohybrids and bioinspired microswimmers include one or several magnetic components, which lead to sustainable propulsion mechanisms and external controllability. This Review addresses such magnetic microswimmers, which are often studied in view of certain applications, mostly in the biomedical area, but also in the environmental field. First, propulsion systems at the microscale are reviewed and the magnetism of microswimmers is introduced. The review of the magnetic biohybrids and bioinspired microswimmers is structured gradually from mostly biological systems toward purely synthetic approaches. Finally, currently less explored parts of this field ranging from in situ imaging to swarm control are discussed.
Engineered Multifunctional Albumin‐Decorated Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for FcRn Translocation of Insulin
Authors: Martins João P. , D'Auria Roberto , Liu Dongfei , Fontana Flavia , Ferreira Mónica P. A. , Correia Alexandra , Kemell Marianna , Moslova Karina , Mäkilä Ermei , Salonen Jarno , Casettari Luca , Hirvonen Jouni , Sarmento Bruno , Santos Hélder A.
Published: June 2018

The last decade has seen remarkable advances in the development of drug delivery systems as alternative to parenteral injection‐based delivery of insulin. Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)‐mediated transcytosis has been recently proposed as a strategy to increase the transport of drugs across the intestinal epithelium. FcRn‐targeted nanoparticles (NPs) could hijack the FcRn transcytotic pathway and cross the epithelial cell layer. In this study, a novel nanoparticulate system for insulin delivery based on porous silicon NPs is proposed. After surface conjugation with albumin and loading with insulin, the NPs are encapsulated into a pH‐responsive polymeric particle by nanoprecipitation. The developed NP formulation shows controlled size and homogeneous size distribution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show successful encapsulation of the NPs into pH‐sensitive polymeric particles. No insulin release is detected at acidic conditions, but a controlled release profile is observed at intestinal pH. Toxicity studies show high compatibility of the NPs with intestinal cells. In vitro insulin permeation across the intestinal epithelium shows approximately fivefold increase when insulin is loaded into FcRn‐targeted NPs. Overall, these FcRn‐targeted NPs offer a toolbox in the development of targeted therapies for oral delivery of insulin.
Level set tree methods
Authors: Klemelä Jussi
Published: June 2018

Level set trees provide a tool for analyzing multivariate functions. Level set trees are particularly efficient in visualizing and presenting properties related to local maxima and local minima of functions. Level set trees can help statistical inference related to estimating probability density functions and regression functions, and they can be used in cluster analysis and function optimization, among other things. Level set trees open a new way to look at multivariate functions, which makes the detection and analysis of multivariate phenomena feasible, going beyond one‐ and two‐dimensional analysis.

This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
A micromorphic approach to stress gradient elasticity theory with an assessment of the boundary conditions and size effects
Authors: Polizzotto Castrenze
Published: June 2018

Basing on thermodynamics principles, a stress gradient elasticity theory is presented whereby the material is modeled as a centro‐symmetric micromorphic anisotropic material. A principle of minimum complementary energy and a stationarity principle of Hellinger–Reissner type are provided, by which the boundary conditions are uniquely determined in a form consistent with continuum mechanics. For 3‐D solids, these conditions include, beside the three ordinary boundary conditions for the assigned boundary data (displacements and/or tractions), six extra boundary conditions by which a microstructure/continuum compatibility condition is enforced, generally through the vanishing of the normal derivative of the stress, , on the whole boundary surface.

A typical boundary‐value problem for isotropic materials with a single length scale parameter under static loads is discussed, showing that it is governed by the same Navier PDEs of classical elasticity, along with a set of Helmholtz PDEs as constitutive equations. Size effects are shown to arise from two distinct sources, that is, the spatial fluctuating of the body force and the double curl of the Hookean stress field. It is proved that a formulation of stress gradient elasticity theory based on the pure notion of nonsimple material (like the ones existing in the literature) leads to anomalies in the ordinary and extra boundary conditions. A comparison of the present theory with that by Eringen is also discussed.

Two examples of stress gradient structural models are analytically worked out, namely, a thick‐walled cylinder and a Kirchhoff–Love circular plate. For comparison, the solutions for strain gradient material are also presented. Graphic illustrations show that in both examples stiffening size effects like with the ancillary strain gradient models are found.
Rotorcraft virtual engineering; supporting life-cycle engineering through design and development, test and certification and operations
Authors: Padfield G. D.
Published: June 2018

The rotorcraft industry needs Virtual Engineering first to ensure decisions made early in the life-cycle, at the requirements capture and preliminary design phases for example, are reliably informed. Later, in design, development and qualification, Virtual Prototypes can become the centre of attention for critical reviews and, ultimately, certification itself. A significant challenge is to ensure that model fidelity is good enough, not only for supporting design decisions but also in establishing requirements based on sufficiently mature technologies. This international conference, Rotorcraft virtual engineering; supporting life-cycle engineering through design and development, test and certification and operations and co-sponsored by the RAeS/AHS/A3F/DGLR/AIDAA addressed these themes and this paper reviews and assesses the value of the various contributions.
Modern Particle Physics
Authors: Thomson Mark
Published: June 2018

Unique in its coverage of all aspects of modern particle physics, this textbook provides a clear connection between the theory and recent experimental results, including the discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN. It provides a comprehensive and self-contained description of the Standard Model of particle physics suitable for upper-level undergraduate students and graduate students studying experimental particle physics. Physical theory is introduced in a straightforward manner with full mathematical derivations throughout. Fully-worked examples enable students to link the mathematical theory to results from modern particle physics experiments. End-of-chapter exercises, graded by difficulty, provide students with a deeper understanding of the subject. Online resources available at www.cambridge.org/MPP feature password-protected fully-worked solutions to problems for instructors, numerical solutions and hints to the problems for students and PowerPoint slides and JPEGs of figures from the book.
Variability in Developmental Outcomes of Foster Children: Implications for Research and Practice
Authors: Goemans Anouk , van Geel Mitch , Vedder Paul
Published: June 2018

This article focuses on the variability in developmental outcomes of foster children and the implications for foster care research and practice. We first provide a brief overview of our previous work, where we have shown by means of meta-analysis and a longitudinal study that foster children greatly vary with respect to their developmental functioning. We then discuss that it is both the heterogeneity of developmental trajectories and the lack of an accurate model for predicting foster children's development that make the screening and monitoring of foster children's development important. We provide suggestions for screening and monitoring, and discuss the Brief Assessment Checklist as an example of a specific instrument available for screening and monitoring of vulnerable children exposed to severe social adversity. We conclude our article with directions to improve foster care and research on foster care, including a discussion of the effectiveness of and foster children's susceptibility to interventions, support for foster parents and the potential of large national and international studies.
Remembering What the Big Friendly Giants Said: To Understand Outcomes, You First Need to Understand Context
Authors: McSherry Dominic
Published: June 2018

“For me context is the key – from that comes the understanding of everything.” Kenneth Noland, American painter, April 10, 1924–January 5, 2010
Creative exploration using topic-based bisociative networks
Authors: Ahmed Faez , Fuge Mark
Published: June 2018

Bisociative knowledge discovery is an approach that combines elements from two or more ‘incompatible’ domains to generate creative solutions and insight. Inspired by Koestler’s notion of bisociation, in this paper we propose a computational framework for the discovery of new connections between domains to promote creative discovery and inspiration in design. Specifically, we propose using topic models on a large collection of unstructured text ideas from multiple domains to discover creative sources of inspiration. We use these topics to generate a Bisociative Information Network – a graph that captures conceptual similarity between ideas – that helps designers find creative links within that network. Using a dataset of thousands of ideas from OpenIDEO, an online collaborative community, our results show usefulness of representing conceptual bridges through collections of words (topics) in finding cross-domain inspiration. We show that the discovered links between domains, whether presented on their own or via ideas they inspired, are perceived to be more novel and can also be used as creative stimuli for new idea generation.
Rivals No More: Jan Vansina, Precolonial African Historiography, and Archaeology
Authors: Robertshaw Peter
Published: June 2018

This tribute to Jan Vansina explores the role of archaeology in the investigation of early African history, arguing for more work on the relationship between politics and the practice of ritual. The well-trodden topic of migrations of Bantu-speakers is revisited to examine the potential of genetics and archaeology to contribute to their investigation. Vansina often claimed to be a positivist and empiricist but there are contradictions in his writings that are tied to his changing vision of the purpose of precolonial African historiography. His view that African history must be meaningful to Africans resonates with recent developments in African archaeology.
Investigation on extreme frequency shift in silica fiber-based high-power Raman fiber laser
Authors: Song Jiaxin , Wu Hanshuo , Ye Jun , Zhang Hanwei , Xu Jiangming , Zhou Pu , Liu Zejin
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we experimentally investigated the extreme frequency shift in high-power Raman fiber laser (RFL). The RFL was developed by using a pair of fiber Bragg gratings with fixed and matched central wavelength (1120 nm) combined with a piece of 31-m-long polarization maintaining (PM) passive fiber adopted as Raman gain medium. The pump source was a homemade high-power, linearly polarized (LP) wavelength-tunable master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) source with ${\sim}25~\text{nm}$ tunable working range (1055–1080 nm). High-power and high-efficiency RFL with extreme frequency shift between the pump and Stokes light was explored. It is found that frequency shift located within 10.6 THz and 15.2 THz can ensure efficient Raman lasing, where the conversion efficiency is more than 95% of the maximal value, 71.3%. In addition, a maximum output power of 147.1 W was obtained with an optical efficiency of 71.3%, which is the highest power ever reported in LP RFLs to the best of our knowledge.
Contribution of large-scale motions to the skin friction in a moderate adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Yoon Min , Hwang Jinyul , Sung Hyung Jin
Published: June 2018

Direct numerical simulation of a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) subjected to a moderate adverse pressure gradient (APG,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=1.45$) is performed to explore the contribution of large scales to the skin friction, where$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$is the Clauser pressure gradient parameter. The Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness develops from$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}\approx 110$to 6000 with an equilibrium region in$Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}=4000$–5500. The spanwise wavelength ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{z}$) spectra of the streamwise and spanwise velocity fluctuations show that the large-scale energy is significantly enhanced throughout the boundary layer. We quantify the superposition and amplitude modulation effects of these enhanced large scales on the skin friction coefficient ($C_{f}$) by employing two approaches: (i) spanwise co-spectra of$\langle v\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{z}\rangle$and$\langle -w\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{y}\rangle$; (ii) conditionally averaged$\langle v\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{z}\rangle$and$\langle -w\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{y}\rangle$. The velocity–vorticity correlations$\langle v\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{z}\rangle$and$\langle -w\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{y}\rangle$are related to the advective transport and the vortex stretching, respectively. Although$\langle v\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{z}\rangle$negatively contributes to$C_{f}$, the positive contribution of the large scales ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{z}>0.5\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$) is observed in the co-spectra of weighted$\langle v\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{z}\rangle$. For the co-spectra of weighted$\langle -w\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{y}\rangle$, we observe an outer peak at$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{z}\approx 0.75\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$and the superposition of the large scales in the buffer region, leading to the enhancement of$C_{f}$. The magnitude of$\langle v\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{z}\rangle$and$\langle -w\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{y}\rangle$depends on the large-scale streamwise velocity fluctuations ($u_{L}$). In particular, the negative-$u_{L}$events amplify$\langle v\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{z}\rangle$in the outer region, and$\langle -w\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{y}\rangle$is enhanced by the positive-$u_{L}$events. As a result, the skin friction induced by$\langle v\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{z}\rangle$and$\langle -w\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{y}\rangle$increases in the present APG TBL.
Polymer turbulence with Reynolds and Riemann
Authors: Graham Michael D.
Published: June 2018

Models of flowing complex fluids such as polymer solutions often use a conformation tensor that reflects the state of the fluid microstructure. In polymer solutions, this quantity measures the orientation and stretching of the molecules, and reflects the fact that the squared length of a polymer molecule must be positive. By exploiting results from differential geometry and continuum mechanics, Hameduddin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 842, 2018, pp. 395–427) introduce a new approach for analysing the conformation tensor that respects this positivity constraint. With this approach, they present computational results for turbulent flow of a polymer solution that exhibits turbulent drag reduction, showing that the new measures of polymer stretching afforded by their approach lend insights not available in traditional methods.
Analysis of the flame–wall interaction in premixed turbulent combustion
Authors: Zhao Peipei , Wang Lipo , Chakraborty Nilanjan
Published: June 2018

The present work focuses on the flame–wall interaction (FWI) based on direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a head-on premixed flame quenching configuration at the statistically stationary state. The effects of FWI on the turbulent flame temperature, wall heat flux, flame dynamics and flow structures were investigated. In turbulent head-on quenching, particularly for high turbulence intensity, the distorted flames generally consist of the head-on flame part and the entrained flame part. The flame properties are jointly influenced by turbulence, heat generation from chemical reactions and heat loss to the cold wall boundary. For the present FWI configuration, as the wall is approached, the ‘influence zone’ can be identified as the region within which the flame temperature, scalar gradient and flame dilatation start to decrease, whereas the wall heat flux tends to increase. As the distance to the wall drops below the flame-quenching distance, approximately where the wall heat flux reaches its maximum value, chemical reactions become negligibly weak inside the ‘quenching zone’. A simplified counter-flow model is also proposed. With the reasonably proposed relation between the flame speed and the flame temperature, the model solutions match well with the DNS results, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover, near-wall statistics of some important flame properties, including the flame dilatation, reaction progress variable gradient, tangential strain rate and curvature were analysed in detail under different wall boundary conditions.
Turbulent heating in an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab
Authors: Barnes Michael , Abiuso P. , Dorland W.
Published: June 2018

Observational evidence in space and astrophysical plasmas with a long collisional mean free path suggests that more massive charged particles may be preferentially heated. One possible mechanism for this is the turbulent cascade of energy from injection to dissipation scales, where the energy is converted to heat. Here we consider a simple system consisting of a magnetized plasma slab of electrons and a single ion species with a cross-field density gradient. We show that such a system is subject to an electron drift wave instability, known as the universal instability, which is stabilized only when the electron and ion thermal speeds are equal. For unequal thermal speeds, we find from quasilinear analysis and nonlinear simulations that the instability gives rise to turbulent energy exchange between ions and electrons that acts to equalize the thermal speeds. Consequently, this turbulent heating tends to equalize the component temperatures of pair plasmas and to heat ions to much higher temperatures than electrons for conventional mass-ratio plasmas.
The Neoliberal Targeted Social Investment State: The Case of Ethnic Minorities
Authors: ZEHAVI AMOS , BREZNITZ DAN
Published: June 2018

Neoliberal governance has been associated with rising inequality and economic exclusion. Recent scholarship proposes that the social investment state (SIS) is a turn away from such inequality and exclusion-enhancing neoliberalism. The ideal SIS responds to neoliberalism-generated social ills by investing in the productive capacities of all its citizens. However, commentators ask whether an SIS addresses the plight of weaker elements in society, specifically that of disadvantaged ethnic minorities. This paper looks specifically at this question by utilising a critical-case study research design of a surprising example of social investment in disadvantaged ethnic minorities: the extensive labour market policies for Israeli Arabs. This paper introduces the concept of a neoliberal targeted SIS in which social investment programmes are developed for economic reasons, promoted by neoliberal actors (right-wing parties and Ministries of Finance), target narrow groups instead of being applied to all, and the preferred mode for the delivery of services is private. Egalitarian outcomes – to the extent that they materialise – might be thought of as a policy by-product.
Advanced force control of the 2-axes PAM-based manipulator using adaptive neural networks
Authors: Anh Ho Pham Huy , Van Kien Cao , Nam Nguyen Thanh
Published: June 2018

This paper proposes a detailed investigation on the new neural-based feed-forward PID direct force control (FNN-PID-DF) approach applied to a highly nonlinear 2-axes pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) manipulator in order to ameliorate its force output performance. Founded on the novel inverse neural NARX model dynamically identified to learn well all nonlinear characteristics of the contact force dynamics of the 2-axes PAM-based manipulator, the novel proposed neural FNN-PID-DF force controller is innovatively implemented in order to directly force control the 2-axes PAM robot system used as a rehabilitation device subjected to internal systematic interactions and external contact force deviations. The performance of the experimental tests has proven the advantages and merits of the new force control method compared to the classical PID force control method. The new neural FNN-PID-DF force controller guides the wrist/hand of subject/patient to successfully generate the predefined desired force values.
Editorial: Many Voices
Authors: RAE PAUL
Published: June 2018

In February of this year, I was fortunate to attend Bodies in/and Asian Theatres, a regional conference of the International Federation for Theatre Research (IFTR, the scholarly organization with which this journal is affiliated). It was held at the University of the Philippines Diliman under the aegis of the IFTR Asian Theatre working group. Toward the end of a plenary panel on contemporary South East Asian dance on the final day, a debate arose over the work of one of the speakers, Eisa Jocson. A dancer and choreographer, Jocson's work explores the aesthetics of local and transnational performative labour, and is often based on forms she learns from Filipinos working in the entertainment industry. For example, Macho Dancer (2013) is based on a distinctive style of erotic male nightclub performance, Host (2015) on the work of Filipinas in Japanese hostess clubs, and the HAPPYLAND series (2017) on the high number of Filipinos employed at the Hong Kong Disneyland. In response to her presentation on these and other works, some scholars from the Philippines asked Jocson, who mainly performs in Manila and on the international contemporary performance circuit, why she did not tour nationally. After all, they reasoned, since Jocson's performances are inspired by the work of entertainers who often come from regional cities and rural areas, is it not right to present the work ‘back’ to such a workforce and their communities? Such questions are, of course, complex and loaded. In so far as Jocson's performances address the exploitation of Filipino entertainers’ affective labour, is there any risk that Jocson compounds that exploitation for her own benefit? And in so far as those performances explore the choreographies of entertainment capital and commodified desire, should Filipino audiences not be informed and perhaps educated about such things? Jocson countered that while wider local exposure for her work was desirable, it was wrong to presume that it could readily be presented in such circumstances. She makes her work within a specific critical and discursive context, she explained, and as part of a long-term thematic and aesthetic enquiry. To present it outside such contexts would benefit neither the audience, nor the artist, nor the work. If anything, she seemed to be suggesting, the work is not made for the producers of such performance forms, but for their consumers, and those who elsewhere participate in and benefit from such economies. She recounted making the ‘mistake’ of asking the owners of a ‘macho dancer’ nightclub if she could perform Macho Dancer there, as part of their regular line-up, late at night. They offered her an early slot, so as not to disrupt business as usual.