bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handwritten Text Recognition and Linguistic Research
Authors: Magnusson Petzell Erik
Published: October 2024

This paper presents ongoing work with automatic transcription of handwritten, phonetically precise dialect texts from the south-west of Sweden (collected in the 1890s). Using a SAMPA-based transcription key (where SAMPA stands for Speech Assessment Methods Alphabet), I have enabled the training of an HTR engine (where HTR stands for Handwritten text recognition), by feeding it manual transcriptions, to automatically transcribe two separate (but similar) phonetic hands. The phonetically detailed output reveals structural properties of the dialect that are hard (at best) or impossible (at worst) to retrieve from other sources. In this paper, I show how my research on enclitic pronouns in North Germanic has benefitted from the possibility to search for prosodic dependencies that the digital versions of the dialect texts provide.
Starting Points in French Discourse Analysis’ Lexicometry to Study Political Tweets
Authors: Käsper Marge , Maurer Liina
Published: October 2024

To study a corpus of tweets by the French president Emmanuel Macron (#EmmanuelMacron), the paper presents a series of lexicometry works in French Discourse Analysis that have studied presidential discourse in France. The setup of the analysis of a corpus gathered by the authorsis tested and focused by several tools available in Voyant Tools, AntConc and in a special political vocabulary analysis platform. The testing leads to a reasoned presentation of the data organized around one salient French word in this corpus – devons (‘we have to’ in English).
Museums, Technology and Social Interaction in “Anyone Can Innovate!”
Authors: Di Feola Gabriella , Einebrant Erik , Trella Fredrik
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this paper is to describe insights gained from a collaboration project between RISE, an experimental research institute, and Borås Museum, a local cultural heritage institution, around the topic of how technology can be used in museums to encourage social interaction between visitors and between visitors and the museum staff. This is investigated through a case study of “Anyone Can Innovate!”, a multi-participatory game-like VR-installation, using a perspective of participatory design. The study was conducted through observations by the developers, formal user testing with externally recruited testers, and by an interview with the responsible project leader and curator from Borås Museum. The VR-installation was tested in two iterations with different levels of embedded guidance, and included different roles for the participants, as an attempt to boost collaboration and interaction. One conclusion of the study is that the use of technology in a museum doesn’t per se mean that it will be participatory, and that it does not necessarily exclude the role of a human guide. In the discussion part, examples are given on how technology can be used as a tool to use participatory design.
The Market as a Concept in Swedish Parliamentary Records from 1867 to 1970
Authors: Ohlsson Claes , Wåhlstrand Skärström Victor , Björck Henrik
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a study of the market concept in the records of the Swedish bicameral parliament from 1867 to 1970. The study, and an underlying project, adapt a theoretical and methodological combination of history of concepts, discourse analysis and computer linguistic methods. The theoretical and methodological framework is described and discussed, including a tool for investigating linguistic representations of the market concept in the records. Results from the dimensions of productivity and agency are presented, based on working hypotheses about a change of meaning towards a more abstract and complex understanding of market over time, which also is partially supported by the findings.
Codifying the Debates of the Riksdag
Authors: Fridlund Mats , Brodén Daniel , Olsson Leif-Jöran , P. Ängsal Magnus
Published: October 2024

This study provides an exploratory attempt to develop a framework for how to semi-automatically annotate salient topics in Swedish parliamentary debate. The discussion is grounded in the ongoing digital humanities project SweTerror that studies the terrorism discourse in the Riksdag 1968–2018 through a mixed-methods approach. The paper presents our tentative framework through its three main categories: metadata, language data and frame data. While the first two categories are mostly generic and their data could mainly be automatically extracted, the third category is contextual and requires manual interpretation. We discuss the design of the latter through the theoretical concept of ‘framing’ and illustrate the framework’s overall principles through a case study of utterances in the debates 1968–1970 concerning terrorism. We conclude by suggesting that it may be more generally applicable for studies of parliamentary debates in HSS research if further modified for the particular research purposes.
Secretaries at Work
Authors: Andersdotter Karolina , Nauwerck Malin
Published: October 2024

The digitisation of cultural heritage collections has made large parts of our digital heritage available online. However, the collections have often been difficult to access in a meaningful way, still requiring item by item handling of digital images of text to decipher manuscripts and printed materials due to e.g. limited OCR (optical character recognition)/HTR (handwritten text recognition) capabilities or insufficient metadata. While these technologies are under rapid development, in some cases they require training data to learn both machine and handwritten texts, and in some cases it just makes more sense to transcribe texts manually. Enter crowdsourcing: a method where a crowd of people is involved to transcribe, describe or otherwise enrich the digital heritage collections with data [1]. However, the labour and cost efficiency of crowdsourcing in a cultural heritage context has been questioned [2] – is the quality of the crowdsourced results worth the investment in launching and running a crowdsourcing project? The Astrid Lindgren Code project [3] explores Swedish author Astrid Lindgren’s original manuscripts in Melin shorthand (stenography). Lindgren’s stenography has for long been considered “undecipherable” [4, 5] and has therefore never been subjected to study, making manual interpretation the only existing possibility of accessing the material as well as providing training data for future research [6]. Nevertheless, crowdsourcing has proven to be unexpectedly successful in producing transliterations of Lindgren’s stenographed notepads. With 170 volunteers signing up for decoding, prolific attempts during the Spring of 2021 have resulted in a full transliteration of the drafts to novel The Brothers Lionheart (1973) in approximately five weeks. This paper presents the method development securing this successful crowdsourcing process, focusing on the importance of joint ownership, planned communication efforts, and community building through online hackathons. The paper also considers how the particularly challenging circumstances of a pandemic year might have contributed to the avid response from a crowd that normally might have lacked the confidence and time to participate. Transliterating stenography is a particular skill, situated in time and associated with the profession of the former secretary. While substantially limiting the recruitable crowd of volunteers, the paper argues that the requiring of expert skill has been central in the success and the methodological development of the project.
Tracing Signs of Urbanity in the Finnish Fiction Film of the 1950s
Authors: Grósz Tamás , Kallioniemi Noora , Kiiskinen Harri , Laine Kimmo , Moisio Anssi , Römpötti Tommi , Virkkunen Anja , Salmi Hannu , Kurimo Mikko , Laaksonen Jorma
Published: October 2024

This paper traces signs of urban culture in Finnish fiction films from the 1950s by drawing on a multimodal analysis of audiovisual content. The Finnish National Filmography includes 208 feature films released between 1950–1959. Our approach to the automatic analysis of media content includes aural and visual object recognition and speech recognition. We concentrate on features that epitomize urbanity, including visual objects, such as forms of transportation (cars, horses) and sounds (rural and urban sounds, speech). Based on the scores and frequencies of these recognitions, we observe quantitative changes that took place during the 1950s. The paper demonstrates that aural and visual object recognition, as well as speech recognition, can successfully be applied in film historical analysis. The overall results support the idea that Finnish filmmakers fueled the imagination of urban life in the 1950s, paving the way for modern technologies and gradually pushing aside the signs of rural life.
The Corpus of British Isles Spoken English (CoBISE)
Authors: Coats Steven
Published: October 2024

Corpora of transcribed regional speech are important for the study of dialects of English, but relatively few large corpora of transcribed naturalistic speech from the United Kingdom and Ireland exist. This paper presents the The Corpus of British Isles Spoken English (CoBISE), 112-million-word corpus of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) transcripts of YouTube videos from channels of councils and other government entities in the UK and Ireland. Transcripts are linked to publicly-available videos, so the corpus can also serve as a starting point for the study of multimodal phenomena. The paper describes the methods used for identifying relevant channels and the scripting pipeline for data collection and processing. Because ASR transcripts contain errors, analyses undertaken using the corpus should employ methods suitable for dealing with “noisy data”. Two possible approaches are described: for frequent phenomena, appropriate feature selection and use of robust classification models, and for rare phenomena, manual inspection of the audio/video data.
Challenges of Using Character Level Statistical Machine Translation for Normalizing Old Estonian Texts
Authors: Jaanimäe Gerth
Published: October 2024

This paper reports on experiments of normalizing the 19th century Estonian parish court records. Converting the historical texts from old to contemporary spelling system, also known as normalizing, can be challenging in itself due to the fact that there was no single orthographic standard or if there even was, often the rules were not strictly followed, so there was a lot of variation in the texts. This paper also concentrates on the more specific issues related to Estonian as a morphologically rich language and presents the initial results of applying the character level statistical machine translation normalization on the parish court records from the 19th century. Morphological richness and the peculiarities of the old orthography can create the problem of ambiguity, which we attempted to solve using word bigrams instead of single words for training. Also, as the annotated training data is scarce and we assumed that more of it helps us obtain better results, we tested the idea to create the artificial additional training data, the so-called silver standard. The old texts which’s spellings were closest to modern Estonian were converted to the old spelling system, which is much simpler than the reverse process, and after that added to the training set.
Fine-Tuning NER with spaCy for Transliterated Entities Found in Digital Collections From the Multilingual Persian Gulf
Authors: Kapan Almazhan , Kirmizialtin Suphan , Kukreja Rhythm , Wrisley David Joseph
Published: October 2024

Text recognition technologies increase access to global archives and make possible their computational study using techniques such as Named Entity Recognition (NER). In this paper, we present an approach to extracting a variety of named entities (NE) in unstructured historical datasets from open digital collections dealing with a space of informal British empire: the Persian Gulf region. The sources are largely concerned with people, places and tribes as well as economic and diplomatic transactions in the region. Since models in state-of-the-art NER systems function with limited tag sets and are generally trained on English-language media, they struggle to capture entities of interest to the historian and do not perform well with entities transliterated from other languages. We build custom spaCy-based NER models trained on domain-specific annotated datasets. We also extend the set of named entity labels provided by spaCy and focus on detecting entities of non-Western origin, particularly from Arabic and Farsi. We test and compare performance of the blank, pre-trained and merged spaCy-based models, suggesting further improvements. Our study makes an intervention into thinking beyond Western notions of the entity in digital historical research by creating more inclusive models using non-metropolitan corpora in English.
Historical Networks and Identity Formation
Authors: Sverdljuk Jana , Jynge Alvik Lars , Peterson Anna , Johnsen Lars G.
Published: October 2024

The article is a result of the collaborative interdisciplinary workshop, which involved expertise from social sciences, history and digital humanities. It showed how computer mediated ways of researching historical networks and identity formation of Norwegian-Americans substantially complemented historical and social sciences methods. By using open API of the National Archives of Norway we used statistical, geo- and text data to produce an interactive temporal visualization of regional origins in Norway at the USA map. Spatial visualization allowed highlighting space and time and the original regional belonging in their home countries as fundamental values for understanding social and cultural dimensions of migrants’ lives. We claim that data visualizations of space and time have performative materiality (Drucker 2013). They open a free room for a researcher to come up with his/her own narrative about the studied phenomenon (Perez and Granger 2015). Visualizations make us reflect on the relationship between the phenomenon and its representation (Klein 2014). This digital method supplements the classical sociological and socio-constructivist methods and can therefore enrich our knowledge of social phenomena. In the article, we show, what potentials this visualization has in relation to the particular field of emigration studies, when entering into a dialogue with the existing historical research in the field.
Basılı Reklamlarda Anlatı ve Anlamın Alıcı İle İlişkisi Üzerine Eleştirel Bir Bakış: Nutri Balance Reklam Afişi Örneği
Authors: Alın Oğuzhan
Published: October 2024

Basılı reklamlarda anlatı yolu ile verilmek istenen anlamın, alıcı tarafından alımlanma ilişkisindeki çelişikliğin varlığını sorunsal olarak ele alan bu araştırma, Nutri Balance markasının “Husband” adlı reklam afişi örnekleminde incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında reklamın verilmek istenen anlamının, alımlanan anlam ile arasında oluşabilecek zıtlıkların varlığı konu edinilmiştir. Bu bağlamda da reklam afişinde anlatı, parçadan bütüne incelenmiştir. Ortaya konulan anlam ile reklamın verilmek istenen mesajındaki anlam arasındaki farkın bulunması araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında çok boyutlu anlatısal yapısının bulunması ve bu anlamı basılı olması sebebiyle sınırlı bir çerçevede sunabilmesi sebebi ile reklam afişi incelenmek üzere tercih edilmiştir. Reklam afişinin incelenmesinde anlatısal yapıyı ortaya çıkarmakta sağladığı faydalar sebebiyle Panofsky’nin ikonografik inceleme yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda görülmektedir ki, reklam üreticisinin iki yönlü olarak hem aktarılmak istediği anlamın alıcı tarafından anlaşılabileceği ve reklam mesajının etkili olacağı bir mesaj, hem de çelişik bir biçimde reklam mesajındaki mesajı tersine çevirebilecek bir durum yaratılırsa, alıcı açısından reklam afişinin anlamlandırılışına bu durum yansımaktadır. Bu durumun ortadan kalkması için reklamın üreticisi, anlamsal olarak verilmek mesaj ile alımlanan mesajı birlikte değerlendirmeli ve olası çelişkileri ortadan kaldırmalıdır.
The Future of Long-Term-Care
Authors: Hai Long , Cui Yanghao , Zhang Jiawei
Published: October 2024

Background: Aging populations worldwide are grappling with the challenge of long-term care for the disabled elderly, particularly in countries like China that are aging before they become affluent. The number of disabled elderly in China is sharply increasing, necessitating effective strategies to meet their care needs.
Objectives: This study aims to conduct a comprehensive scientometric analysis of research trends, hotspots, and future directions in the field of long-term care for disabled elderly individuals in China using CiteSpace software.
Methods: Employing CiteSpace 6.2.R1, this study analyzed 1,914 relevant publications from 1999 to 2024 in the Web of Science and CNKI databases. Keyword analysis, clustering, and visualization were performed using CiteSpace software to identify key themes and trends.
Results: The analysis indicates an overall upward trend in publications since 1999, with a significant increase between 2013 and 2017. High-frequency keywords mainly include influencing factors, integration of medical and nursing care, and service quality. Research hotspots include family caregiving, health status, demand factors, and mental health.
Conclusions: This study reveals the research trends, hotspots, and future directions in the field of long-term care for disabled elderly individuals in China. It shows a rapid increase in research quantity over time. High-frequency keyword analysis identified ongoing topics of interest such as influencing factors, integration of healthcare, and service quality. Keyword clustering analysis revealed that research hotspots are concentrated in areas such as family caregiving, health status, demand factors and mental health, with each field containing rich research content.
 Main Contribution to Evidence-Based Practice: This study uses CiteSpace visualization analysis software and bibliometric methods to organize and analyze existing literature, clarifying the research status, hotspots, and trends in the field. This information is intended to help scholars, practitioners, and policymakers better understand the progress in this area and provide a reference for future in-depth research.
Microclimate Effect on Cooling Energy for Buildings in Hot, Humid Climates: A Comparative Analysis of Shaded and Unshaded Environments
Authors: Sudprasert Sudaporn , Anan Wanaporn
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the influence of microclimates on changes in air temperature and the often-overlooked aspect of their effect on energy savings across varying microclimatic conditions. The study compares the cooling energy requirements of two identical single-story buildings in distinct microclimates: one characterized by concrete ground devoid of shade and the other featuring soil ground with tree shade. Climatic environmental data were collected over 15 days in the concrete-exposed field and shaded area beneath the trees to conduct the investigation. These datasets were input into EnergyPlus 9.6 to model the energy demands and consumption of buildings subject to the specified climatic conditions. The validation of the simulated model against actual energy demand data from a classroom building demonstrated agreement. The findings reveal notable differences in air temperature, with the shaded area experiencing temperatures 0.8°C to 8.0°C lower than the concrete-exposed monitoring location. The building in the tree-shaded microclimate exhibited a lower peak cooling load than its concrete-exposed counterpart, resulting in a 35% reduction in the electrical energy requirements for the air-conditioning system. The study recommends implementing 0.08-m polyurethane insulation for the building walls and roof to equalize the energy demand and consumption of the concrete-exposed building with that of its shaded counterpart. Furthermore, building design in shaded areas can maximize the window glass area while consuming less energy than buildings on concrete-exposed grounds. The study advocates leveraging the microclimate associated with surrounding buildings in the design process to enhance the overall energy savings.
Kutyasperma mélyhűtése, fagyasztóoldatokkal végzett összehasonlító vizsgálatok előzetes eredményei
Authors: Bacsa Mónika , Török Dóra , Bakony Mikolt , Somoskői Bence , Müller Linda , Keresztes Zsuzsanna , Bordás Lilla , Cseh Sándor
Published: October 2024

A szerzők beagle kutyáktól gyűjtött ejakulátumok mélyhűtés előtti és utáni progresszív motilitási adatait dolgozták fel, amelyeket különböző hígítókkal fagyasztottak le. Vizsgálták, hogy van-e hatása a különböző készítményeknek a felolvasztás utáni sperma minőségre, ill. arra is keresték a választ, hogy a sperma minták progresszív motilitásának melyik hűtési fázisban van prediktív értéke a felolvasztás utáni minőség tekintetében. Eredményeik alapján a CaniRep Uppsala Equex II. készítménnyel lehetett a legjobb felolvasztás utáni motilitási értékeket elérni. A hűtött fázis értékei mutattak nagyobb korrelációt a felolvasztás utáni eredményekkel.
Artificial Intelligence and its Application in Manufacturing
Authors: Majstorović Vidosav D. , Dimitrijević Sonja , Simeunović Vladimir , Stošić Dragan
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become the most important element of the Industry 4.0 model today. It has wide application possibilities in the entire new value chain. Its history is about eight decades long, and a special area of its research and development is manufacturing, in which AI has been applied since the mid-1980s. Expert systems (ES) were the first AI tools applied in manufacturing. The goal of this paper is to perform a systematic analysis of the state of development and application of AI in manufacturing, which is originally used as an aid to the engineer, planner and designer of various engineering products. It is also used to manage processes and systems in mechanical engineering. Starting from that, the paper is structured in such a way as to provide answers to the following questions: what is AI and how did it develop, how were AI models created and how were they developed in technological systems, what are today's models and prospects for applying AI in them, as well as possible directions of future research in this area. As a special point of this paper, some results of our research in this area are presented
Trend Innovation of Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Technology: Implementation in Advanced Robotic Systems
Authors: Karabegović Isak , Husak Ermin , Vojić Samir , Karabegović Edina , Mahmić Mehmed
Published: October 2024

In the last ten years, the development and research of advanced technologies, as well as their application in all segments of society, have led to major changes and reshaping of the new world. New innovations are occurring on a daily basis, but their application is not going fast enough due to the rigid infrastructure. However, in order to secure an optimal future, we all have to adapt to the changes that are coming. The developed countries have adopted the strict implementation of advanced technologies of Industry 4.0, some of which include: Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Cloud Computing, smart sensors, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), 3D printing, advanced security systems, Virtual and Augmented Reality (VAR), etc. Robotics is the basic and first technology that has been implemented since the 60s of the last century, with artificial intelligence coming in the spotlight in the last ten years. Artificial intelligence is becoming a key to the development of advanced robots, as it enables them to adapt to unpredictable situations, to learn from experience and make intelligent decisions.Robots use AI to process sensor data, navigate, recognize objects, plan paths and interact with the environment. In short, artificial intelligence enables robots to be smart, whereas robotics uses AI to create autonomous and useful devices. This symbiosis contributes to progress in many industries, including healthcare, manufacturing and transportation. Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics are two key fields that complement each other. The paper presents the trend of applied and approved patents in artificial intelligence and robotics, as well as an example of the use of artificial intelligence in advanced robots to perform certain tasks. Artificial intelligence (AI) is having an increasing impact on robotics, opening up many possibilities.
Kıyı Bölgesinin Mekansal Dönüşümü ve Kıyı Kullanımlarının
Authors: Yılmaz Regaip , Özkan Doruk Görkem
Published: October 2024

Kentler tarih boyunca insanoğlunun ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda deniz, göl ve akarsu kenarlarına kurulmuştur. Bu nedenle kıyı alanları ile kent arasında önemli bir ilişki ve iletişim bulunmaktadır. Bu özellikleri bakımından kıyı alanları kullanıcılar için çok önemlidir. Suyun olduğu yerde hayat olur düşüncesi ilk çağlardan beri insanoğlunun kıyı alanlarının tercih etmesinde en önemli etkendir. Kıyı alanları insan ve çevrenin ortak etkileşim alanlarıdır ve bu özelliğinden dolayı fiziksel ve sosyal özelliklerin çeşitliliği, farklı özellikler ve sunduğu olanaklar ile kentlerin önemli bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Kıyı alanları mekânsal tasarım açısından zenginlikler sunmaktadır. Kıyı alanları kente kimlik kazandırabilecek önemli alanlardır. Kıyı rekreasyon alanları kullanıcıların dinlenmek, buluşmak, spor yapmak, evcil hayvanlarını gezdirmek ve kaliteli zaman geçirmek gibi çeşitli etkinliklere olanak sunmaktır. Başarılı kıyı alanları ve bulunduğu konumda sağlanan mekan örgütlenmesi ile kullanıcıları o alanı kullanmaya teşvik etmektedir. Bu araştırma Kıyı kenti olan Trabzon’un kıyı gelişimine odaklanmış ve kıyıdan bir bölgeyi çalışma alanı olarak incelemiştir. Bu alanda mekan örgütlenmesinin geçmişten bugüne kadar geçirdiği değişimler ve gelecek projeksiyonu açısından nelerin önerilebileceğini ortaya koymuştur.
ICPSet: Um Conjunto de Dados Estruturados de Itens de Compras Públicas
Authors: Oliveira Gabriel P. , Silva Mariana O. , Costa Lucas G. L. , Dutra Marco Túlio , Pappa Gisele L.
Published: October 2024

A transparência e a eficiência na gestão de compras públicas são essenciais para assegurar a utilização adequada dos recursos públicos. No entanto, a complexidade e a diversidade dos itens licitados representam um desafio significativo para a análise e monitoramento desses dados. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta o ICPSet, um conjunto de dados estruturado que visa facilitar a análise de dados de compras públicas. Contendo mais de 30 milhões de itens padronizados e estruturados, o ICPSet oferece uma base robusta para diversas análises e o desenvolvimento de ferramentas.
Soziale Determinanten der Gesundheit und der gesundheitlichen Versorgung
Authors: ROICK JULIA , RICHTER MATTHIAS
Published: October 2024

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Bedingungszusammenhang gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten, die – wie inzwischen unumstritten ist – auch in Deutschland existieren, obwohl das Land über ein umfassendes System sozialer Sicherung und medizinischer Versorgung verfügt. Soziale Determinanten können sich dabei durch verschiedene vermittelnde Faktoren auf die Gesundheit auswirken. Einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Erklärung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten stellen Unterschiede in der medizinischen Versorgung dar. Bisherige Forschungsergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass soziale Ungleichheiten im Zugang zum Gesundheitssystem vorwiegend durch strukturelle Faktoren entstehen, während Ungleichheiten in der Inanspruchnahme überwiegend auf persönliche Faktoren zurückzuführen sind. Gesundheitspolitische Maßnahmen sollten gezielt bei Personengruppen mit einem erschwerten Zugang zum Gesundheitssystem oder einer verringerten Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen ansetzen.
Soziale Ungleichheiten in der gesundheitlichen Versorgung
Authors: GEYER SIEGFRIED
Published: October 2024

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand zu der Frage, inwieweit der Zugang zu, die Qualität der und die Inanspruchnahme der Gesundheitsversorgung durch soziale Ungleichheiten charakterisiert ist. Ungleichheiten in der Versorgung werden üblicherweise in drei Forschungssträngen untersucht: Für Deutschland wurden Zugangsbarrieren zur ambulanten Versorgung nach Zugehörigkeit zur gesetzlichen oder zur privaten Krankenversicherung berichtet, jedoch bezieht sich dies nur auf aufschiebbare Maßnahmen. Zu Zugangsbarrieren in der klinischen Versorgung liegt für Deutschland nur eine Studie vor, die jedoch keine Hinweise auf soziale Disparitäten erbracht hat. Für Deutschland gibt es keine Studien, die auf Unterschiede in der Behandlungsqualität hindeuten. Für die USA liegen sowohl Befunde vor, die innerhalb eines gegebenen Versicherungsschemas Hinweise auf soziale Unterschiede erbracht haben, als auch Befunde, die auf Unterschiede zwischen Versicherungssystemen hindeuten. Im Gegensatz zu rein systembedingten Unterschieden wird das Inanspruchnahmeverhalten durch eine Kombination struktureller und individueller Faktoren gesteuert.
Pflegenotstand in der Altenpflege: Exit, Voice und Loyalty
Authors: INKINEN SAARA , SCHROEDER WOLFGANG
Published: October 2024

Deutschland leidet unter einem akuten Mangel an Pflegepersonal, insbesondere im Bereich der Altenpflege. Der bestehende „Pflegenotstand“ ist nicht nur eine Bürde bei der Versorgung älterer Menschen, sondern verschärft zugleich die belastenden Arbeitsbedingungen, den Mangel an Anerkennung sowie den Rationalisierungsdruck im Pflegealltag. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der Beitrag die Reaktionen von Altenpflegekräften auf den „Pflegenotstand“ anhand der Kategorien Exit (Abwanderung), Voice (Widerspruch) und Loyalty (Loyalität). Anhand zweier quantitativer Umfragen und eingehender qualitativer Interviews wird argumentiert, dass die Wahl zwischen verschiedenen Handlungsoptionen von Ambivalenz geprägt ist. Diese Zwiespältigkeit führt zur Präferenz der Exit- und Loyalty-Optionen zulasten von Voice.
Wissensarbeit im Team in hybriden Arbeitssettings
Authors: Dehmel Christian , Schneidt Jennifer , Ninnemann Katja , Ringeisen Tobias
Published: October 2024

Teamarbeit in Verwaltung und Wirtschaft findet zunehmend orts- und zeitflexibel statt, wobei sich die Frage stellt, wie hybride Arbeitsumgebungen zu gestalten sind, wenn einige Teammitglieder remote im Homeoffice und andere im Büro arbeiten. Die Gestaltungsfrage bekommt besondere Brisanz, wenn die Teammitglieder kontinuierlich im Austausch miteinander stehen, um Produkte, Dienstleistungen oder neues Wissen zu schaffen. Als Ausgangspunkt ist es sinnvoll, Merkmale hybrid arbeitender Wissensteams, insbesondere Aufgaben, Tätigkeiten und Arbeitsprozesse, Anforderungen an geeignete Arbeitsumgebungen sowie organisationale Rahmenbedingungen theoriegeleitet zu analysieren. Für eine ganzheitliche Analyse stellt der vorliegende Beitrag ein Modell zur Wissensarbeit in virtuellen Teams1 vor, welches für hybride Settings erweitert wird. Das erweiterte Modell bietet Forschenden und Praktiker:innen Anhaltspunkte, welche Merkmale unter Berücksichtigung welcher Stakeholder zu analysieren sind, um hybride Arbeitsumgebungen für Wissensteams bedürfnisgerecht und effizient realisieren zu können.
Ursachen, Folgen und Maßnahmen des Fachkräftemangels in der Kommunalverwaltung
Authors: Geißler René
Published: October 2024

Der Fachkräftemangel in seinen unterschiedlichen Formen prägt seit einigen Jahren die Kommunen und gehört zu deren größten Herausforderungen. Die wissenschaftliche Befassung über Ursachen, Folgen und mögliche Handlungsansätze ist gleichwohl noch begrenzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag gewinnt auf Basis zweier Fallstudien vertiefte Einblicke in die Verwaltungspraxis. Ursachen liegen primär in der demografischen Entwicklung, Arbeitgeberkonkurrenz anderer Behörden und Entscheidungen von Land und Bund. Die gewichtigste Folge ist die Überlastung der Beschäftigten, was über Krankheitsraten und Fluktuation die Probleme verschärft. Im Bereich der Maßnahmen dominieren in den Kommunen noch operative Schritte der Personalarbeit, wie Rekrutierung. Sichtbar wird, dass bei Personalämtern und Führungskräften ein Problembewusstsein besteht, aber neue Kompetenzen notwendig werden. Auf der Ebene denkbarer Handlungsansätze gewinnt das gesamte Spektrum älterer und jüngerer Verwaltungsreformen neue Relevanz. Der Fachkräftemangel wird somit zum eigentlichen Transformationstreiber der Verwaltungen.
Towards an integrated model for predictive well control using real-time drilling fluid data
Authors: Kingsley Onyedikachi Omomo  , Andrew Emuobosa Esiri  , Henry Chukwuemeka Olisakwe
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the development of an integrated, real-time predictive model for well control that leverages data from drilling fluids to enhance operational safety and efficiency. Traditional well control methods, often reactive in nature, present significant limitations in managing the risks associated with well control issues, such as blowouts and kicks. By utilizing real-time data from drilling fluids—such as pressure, temperature, flow rate, and mud weight—predictive models enable early detection of potential well control problems, allowing for faster decision-making and proactive management of well stability. Key components of the model include data acquisition systems, real-time analytics, and decision-making algorithms that work together to minimize risks and reduce non-productive time (NPT). The paper also highlights the advantages of predictive well control in improving safety, mitigating operational risks, and its potential future applications in broader drilling operations.
Children and young people and the criminal justice system
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Rowe Shekera , Low Natalie
Published: October 2024

How well set up is the criminal justice system to support children and young people, particularly in the light of increasing levels of cyber- and AI-enabled crime?
Democratic engagement and trust in parliament
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Kolpinskaya Ekaterina , Bennett Oliver
Published: October 2024

Political participation is critical for a healthy democracy. There are reasons for optimism but declining trust in core democratic institutions risks disengagement.
UK-EU relations and European security
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Antinozzi Isabella , Brawley Simon
Published: October 2024

With growing cooperation between the UK and EU on various fronts, what new opportunities and challenges lie ahead?
« Le temps des femmes est fait d’attente ». Temporalités féminines, récits menstruels
Authors: M’selmi Sana
Published: October 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Marie de Gandt, L’Autre Temps des femmes, Paris : Classiques Garnier, coll. « Perspectives comparatistes », 2023, 583 p., EAN 9782406154426.
Repenser la poésie lyrique dans son rapport à la musique
Authors: Dauvois Nathalie
Published: October 2024

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Edwin Duval, Concordes et discordes des muses. Poésie, musique et renaissance des genres lyriques en France (1350-1650), Genève, Droz, « Travaux d’Humanisme et Renaissance », 2023, 644 p., EAN 9782600063968.
First report on the invasion of vermicelli by Lasioderma serricorne
Authors: Dodiya RD , Pathan N P , Goswami S M , Chachpara B A , Sondarava P M
Published: October 2024

Lasioderma serricorne F. causes significant losses to grain that is kept in storage. They can also spoil a lot more food than they actually consume. An empirical experiment was carried out to ascertain the level of insect infestation in the vermicelli at Anand, Gujarat, India. Also, per cent weight loss of vermicelli due to infestation of L. serricorne and apparent parasitism of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) on grub of L. serricorne were calculated. The percentage of weight lost due to its infestation ranged from 18.00 to 68.00 per cent. Notably, the grub of L. serricorne was parasitized by A. calandrae and the apparent parasitism ranged from 48.00 to 85.00 percent. It was the first report of Lasioderma serricorne an infestation in vermicelli from India.
DrugRepoChatter: A Drug Repurposing Expert Chatbot Curated by the REPO4EU Consortium
Authors: Delgado-Chaves Fernando M. , Spindler Lisa , Firoozbakht Farzaneh , Maier Andreas , Hartung Michael , Tsoy Olga , Manz Quirin , Kersting Johannes , Bernett Judith , Wang Rui-Sheng , Loscalzo Joseph , Guthrie Julia , Menche Jörg , Loewe Robert P. , Sirci Francesco , Puiggros Montserrat , Guney Emre , Piper Zina , Schmidt Harald H. H. W. , List Markus , Baumbach Jan
Published: October 2024

The amount of scientific literature available is overwhelming, especially in fast-evolving fields like drug repurposing. Researchers face a significant challenge: staying up-to-date is nearly impossible due to the sheer volume of publications, databases, and tools available. This situation creates an urgent need for more efficient ways to access and integrate information from these articles. To tackle this problem, we developed “DrugRepoChatter,” a tool designed to help researchers navigate the flood of recent literature on data sources, methods, and tools relevant for mechanism-based drug repurposing. DrugRepoChatter uses a vector database containing 285 open-access articles carefully selected by experts from the REPO4EU project to cover the latest developments in drug repurposing. The chatbot works by finding semantic similarities between a user’s question and the information stored in the database, effectively answering questions by drawing directly from the content of these articles. DrugRepoChatter is available as a web tool at https://apps.cosy.bio/drugrepochatter/ This tool makes the review process much more efficient and ensures that researchers can quickly find relevant information. By facilitating faster access to the scientific literature and enabling researchers to easily find the tools and information they need, DrugRepoChatter accelerates knowledge discovery. This tool not only streamlines the process of reviewing the literature but also helps integrate scattered information into a cohesive, accessible format.
Analisis Efisiensi Operasional, Manajemen Risiko, dan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya terhadap Keberlanjutan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan di Indonesia
Authors: Judijanto Loso
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effects of Operational Efficiency, Risk Management, and Resource Management on the sustainability of corporate financial performance in Indonesian companies. A quantitative research approach was employed, using data from 170 companies across various industries. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings reveal that all three variables have a significant positive impact on financial sustainability. Operational Efficiency emerged as the most influential factor, followed by Risk Management and Resource Management. These results highlight the importance of an integrated approach to corporate strategy, focusing on improving operational processes, mitigating risks, and optimizing resource allocation to achieve long-term financial stability. The study offers practical insights for managers and policymakers on how to enhance corporate financial sustainability in Indonesia.
Customer Experiences with E-commerce Returns in Bangladesh: Effects on Satisfaction, Trust, and Loyalty
Authors: Ferdous Zannatul , bin Ahsan Wahid
Published: October 2024

The rapid expansion of e-commerce in Bangladesh has revolutionized consumer behavior, providing convenience while creating challenges in managing product returns. This study examines customer experiences and perceptions of e-commerce returns in Bangladesh, focusing on critical factors like product discrepancies, refund processing delays, return policy transparency, and customer service issues. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected from 151 survey respondents and 18 interviews with customers, e-commerce employees, and logistics personnel. The findings reveal that product misrepresentation, delayed refunds, poor customer service, and unclear return policies are the main drivers of dissatisfaction. Addressing these through enhanced quality control, faster refund systems, simplified return policies, and better customer support is essential to building trust and long-term loyalty. This study provides actionable recommendations for e-commerce platforms to improve return processes and strengthen customer relationships.
Conceptos y estrategias recurrentes de la Extensión Rural argentina en el siglo XXI:
Authors: Otero Jeremías
Published: October 2024

La búsqueda de nuevos enfoques para la extensión y desarrollo rural ha sido una constante en América Latina desde mediados del siglo XX. En los paradigmas más recientes, destaca la prominencia del denominado enfoque territorial. El propósito de este artículo es identificar los conceptos y estrategias recurrentes en las experiencias de extensión rural desarrolladas en Argentina entre 2000 y 2018. La metodología se basó principalmente en el análisis del contenido de investigaciones, experiencias y ensayos presentados en once Jornadas Nacionales de Extensión Rural durante dicho período. En relación con los resultados, se identificaron las principales estrategias de intervención y los marcos conceptuales más frecuentes. Ejemplos de estos cambios que caracterizaron la perspectiva y las estrategias de los extensionistas incluyen la noción de innovación como construcción social, la importancia de la agricultura familiar y la adopción del enfoque agroecológico.
Implementasi Nilai-nilai Muhammadiyah dalam Pengabdian Masyarakat di Daerah Terpencil: Studi Kasus di Desa Muzoi, Kecamatan Lahewa Timur, Nias Utara
Authors: Hamizan Muhammad , M. Rofi Zulfikar  , Robie Fanreza
Published: October 2024

Community service is a manifestation of Muhammadiyah values, especially in 3T areas (Frontier, Remote, and Underdeveloped) such as Muzoi Village, East Lahewa Subdistrict, North Nias. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Muhammadiyah values in community service programs, focusing on education, health, and entrepreneurship. The method used is a case study with a descriptive qualitative approach through direct observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the community service program successfully increased the local community's understanding of the importance of clean and healthy living behaviors, entrepreneurial skills through charcoal briquette-making training, and students' motivation to pursue higher education. Despite challenges such as limited infrastructure and cultural barriers, Muhammadiyah values such as independence and social awareness were well-integrated into the daily lives of the Muzoi Village community. This study concludes that the implementation of Muhammadiyah values contributes positively to empowering communities in remote areas.
Salinización incipiente de un arroyo de alta montaña en los Andes de Patagonia (Argentina)
Authors: Pizzolon Lino , Omad Guillermo , Weidl Mariana , Claverie Horacio
Published: October 2024

La calidad del agua del Aº Plantamura (cuenca binacional del Futaleufú-Yelcho) se monitoreó durante la década 2000-2010 en el Centro de alta Montaña de La Hoya (Esquel-Chubut) con el objeto de evidenciar impactos del turismo invernal. En este trabajo se analizan los resultados de pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE) y alcalinidad total (AT) en muestras mensuales tomadas desde junio hasta octubre en una estación situada a 1400 m s.n.m y en algunas muestras complementarias tomadas en sitios de control. El análisis estacional destacó un pulso de CE a comienzos del deshielo (setiembre), 2,33 veces superior al valor basal, significativamente diferente de los demás meses (p menor que 0,01) en el ANOVA. El pulso fue causado por la disolución y arrastre de la sal utilizada como anticongelante en playas de estacionamiento y no se verificó o fue mucho menor en sitios sin aportes salinos. El análisis interanual destacó la correlación significativa (p menor que 0,05) entre precipitación máxima y CE y pH mínimo anual. El máximo absoluto de CE ocurrió en el año 2007, el más seco del período. El máximo absoluto AT y de pH se registró en setiembre del 2008, seis meses luego de la caída de cenizas del volcán Chaitén. Los valores de base de CE, AT y pH fueron determinados principalmente por la litología de las cuencas. Se observaron ejemplares ribereños de Nothofagus pumilio muertos en pie efecto de la desecación osmótica.
Lyme neuroborreliosis in adults - epidemiology data and clinical findings
Authors: Roganović Tatjana , Bojanić Janja , Mijović Biljana , Kasagić Dragan , Verhaz Antonija , Roganović Dragana
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) can manifest during the early and late stages of Lyme disease (LD). The aim of this study is to determine epidemiology and clinical findings in patients with LNB. 
Methods. The research was conducted in Banja Luka at the University Clinical Center of Republic of Srpska (UCC RS) during a four-year period from 10/2017 to 10/2021. The research included 51 patients admitted to the hospital with some neurological symptoms that could lead to the LNB diagnosis. Patients had lumbar puncture with cytochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ELISA anti-Borrelia IgM/IgG in serum and CSF, Immunoblot anti-Borrelia IgM/IgG in serum, and other documentation about epidemiology and clinical findings in LNB.  
Results. A statistically significant (p=0.017) higher proportion of female patients was observed. Most patients were between 50 and 60 years old. Most of them were retirees (31.37%), farmers, medical technicians followed with forestry workers, students etc. Most of examinees did not have information on previous tick bite (64.71%). The largest number (72.55%) did not have data on previous skin changes. The largest number of neurological symptoms at admission related to the feeling of tingling and weakness in the extremities, headache, dizziness and some ophthalmological symptoms. Patients also suffered from consciousness and speech disorder, anxiety, paresis n.VII. The largest number of examinees had some neurological symptoms up to three months prior the admission to the hospital.  
Conclusion. Symptoms of LNB can be quite non-specific or possibly even mimic other neurological diseases. Involvement 
of peripheral nervous system is dominant in adult patients. It is necessary to work on early diagnosis of LD and it is mandatory to report it to the national epidemiological service. 
Do socio-demographic factors significantly impact depression treatment?
Authors: Canellas Aina , Savić Nicole , Lero Marija , Pejušković Bojana
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Depression is a common illness worldwide. Several studies have confirmed a tight relation between certain socio-demographic factors and the risk of undergoing depression. Aim: This study aims to find out which socio-demographic factors indicate a more unfavorable treatment outcome following depression assessment scales. Material and methods: The research is a longitudinal study, retrospective in design which consists of two phases. Upon entrance, socio-demographic data (sex, age, marital status, occupation, and education level) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS or HAMD) scores of 30 participants were recorded. After a four-week treatment, HAMD scores were again recorded and compared with those obtained in the initial phase. Results: Patients with female gender, old age, employment, and low educational level as sociodemographic factors experienced weak changes in the HAMD scores. On the other hand, patients who were male, young aged, unemployed, and had higher education studies scored lower HAMD scores after treatment and, successfully obtained strong changes in the HAMD scores. Results for marital status were inconclusive. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.001. Conclusion: Female gender, aging, lower education and employment are factors that may have attributed to poor treatment improvement and hence should be taken into consideration by general practitioners. Likewise, marital status proved to be a statistically significant factor. However, no inclination towards a specific category was noticed.