bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’espace du droit et ses limites : la sculpture Spirit of Haida Gwaii et le wampum à deux rangs (two row wampum) comme images du pluralisme juridique au Canada
Authors: Lemieux René
Published: January 2023

Dans le présent article, l’auteur réfléchit au droit comme espace, ultimement à partir de deux objets autochtones utilisés dans les discussions sur le pluralisme juridique au Canada. Les objets en question, soit le wampum à deux rangs (two row wampum) et la sculpture Spirit of Haida Gwaii de Bill Reid, sont employés pour comprendre les rapports juridico-politiques entre les communautés autochtones et allochtones. Alors que le wampum à deux rangs réfère au non-interventionnisme du droit allochtone sur le droit autochtone, une des interprétations possibles de la sculpture Spirit of Haida Gwaii est d’y voir l’image du Canada comme bateau inclusif dans lequel tous sont embarqués. Le point de départ de l’auteur pour comprendre les deux objets est une réponse de l’ancienne juge en chef McLachlin à une question sur la possibilité d’intégrer des traditions juridiques autochtones dans le droit canadien : « We have our law, as I see it, embodied in our constitution, but you know the common law, and I think the civil law too, are quite capable of absorbing and reconciling different streams ». L’auteur cherche ainsi à comprendre cette absorption constatée, voire espérée, par McLachlin des divers droits traditionnels autochtones par le droit canadien comme espace. De cette analyse ressort un constat : que l’on soit en faveur ou non de cette image, force est de constater qu’un spectre hante toujours le droit canadien dans son appréhension des ordres juridiques autochtones, soit le spectre du politique.
Actitudes ante el emprendimiento en los universitarios del sur de Europa a través de los valores humanos: un caso de estudio en la Universidad de Alicante
Authors: Carratala Puertas Liberto
Published: January 2023

Esta investigación, de carácter exploratorio, tiene como principales objetivos conocer la actitud de los estudiantes hacia el emprendimiento de la Universidad de Alicante, situada en el sur de Europa, así como proponer una metodología alternativa a la utilizada habitualmente en la investigación sobre esta problemática que trasciende y complementa al carácter descriptivo de la tradicional. También se pretende utilizar el perfil axiológico de los estudiantes, según la teoría de Schwartz de los valores humanos, para conocer su predisposición al emprendimiento. Para ello se utilizará la técnica del escalado multidimensional. Los resultados son elocuentes. Aquellos alumnos y alumnas que tienen como valores predilectos el dominio Autopromoción consideran a empresarios y deportistas como más valiosos para la sociedad. Los que son más afines con los valores de Autotrascendencia consideran a científicos y escritores como modelo de emprendedor.
Clases sociales
Authors: Hernàndez Dobon Francesc Jesús
Published: January 2023

Reseña de:
Castelló-Cogollos, Rafael
Camins d’incertesa i frustració. Les classes mitjanes valencianes (2004-2018)
València: Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2022.
 
Feito Alonso, Rafael
Desigualdades de clase social en el siglo XXI
València: Tirant lo Blanc, 2022
Da espiritualidade enquanto experiência epistêmico-existencial envolvendo a verdade como paradoxo em Sören Kierkegaard, o sagrado em Rudolf Otto e a presença espiritual em Paul Tillich
Authors: Mariano Da Rosa Luiz Carlos
Published: January 2023

Segundo Kierkegaard, a verdade se sobrepõe ao caráter objetivo que encerra desde uma investigação histórica até um exercício especulativo, guardando correspondência com a subjetividade em um movimento que implica a condição-limite da interioridade. Detendo-se em tal princípio hermenêutico-existencial, o artigo assinala a espiritualidade enquanto experiência epistêmico-existencial envolvendo a verdade como paradoxo em Kierkegaard, que se sobrepõe à mediação lógico-discursiva e implica uma construção dialético-subjetiva que transcende a razão histórico-objetiva (ou finita). Dessa forma, caracterizando a espiritualidade enquanto experiência epistêmico-existencial que encerra como único tipo de evidência a evidência de caráter não racional, o artigo recorre à perspectiva fenomenológica de Rudolf Otto, que sublinha o sagrado e a sua distinção absoluta em relação à realidade natural e ao seu caráter perceptível em uma construção que enfatiza o elemento não racional e a sua natureza suprarracional e implica o numinoso, que escapa aos processos lógico-racionais e, emergindo como a priori, converge para a apreensão do racional e do não racional na noção da Divindade. Assim, se a relação com Deus se sobrepõe às fronteiras que encerram a subjetividade e a objetividade, convergindo para a superação do referido esquema estrutural epistêmico, o artigo, baseado na perspectiva teológico-filosófica de Paul Tillich, detém-se no conceito de Presença Espiritual que, caracterizando a vida sem ambiguidade, implica a união transcendente, correlacionando ágape e gnosis enquanto experiência epistêmico-existencial envolvendo a relação com o sagrado como presença de Deus através de um movimento extático-religioso que converge para a automanifestação, a autorrevelação e a autocomunicação do Absoluto e Transcendente como Deus.
Instalaciones pictóricas anamórficas aplicadas a la arquitectura: diseño virtual con Sketchup para proyectos reales
Authors: Soriano-Colchero Jose-Antonio
Published: January 2023

En este artículo nos centramos en el estudio, a través de una investigación experimental, de tres propuestas diseñadas para la previsualización de instalaciones pictóricas anamórficas aplicadas a espacios arquitectónicos. Tras el análisis de las metodologías desarrolladas desde el siglo XVI hasta la actualidad, presentamos el desarrollo de nuevos procedimientos metodológicos, a través del software de diseño gráfico vectorial y de modelado virtual Sketchup, que permite generar tanto la deformación que debe aplicarse a la imagen original para generar la anamorfosis, estableciendo los parámetros de medida como distancias y ángulos, como la previsualización del resultado final en el espacio virtual. Cada uno de los casos experimentados es diferente, y nos ofrece unos resultados únicos. De esta forma, las conclusiones obtenidas se deben a los procedimientos y las finalidades que nos han llevado a utilizar dicho programa. Así, resulta de gran interés la facilidad que Sketchup presenta para generar este tipo de proyectos, de manera que ofrece una metodología más intuitiva que las tradicionales, y, en consecuencia, permite la creación de instalaciones anamórficas sin necesidad de conocer todos y cada uno de los parámetros técnicos necesarios en un principio. Esta investigación sirve como precedente de futuros estudios en los que analicemos la aplicación directa de la anamorfosis en entornos urbanos, modificando el paisaje a través de esta.
Transformations of more-than-human networks and the impact of material objects on tactical media artworks
Authors:   University of Athens, Antonopoulou Caterina
Published: January 2023

More-than-human networks and the impact of material non-human entities have come into focus, in both social and computer sciences, since the late twentieth century. In social sciences, a plethora of conceptualizations emerged to describe complex, dynamic, heterogeneous and non-hierarchical structures of material and non-material, human and non-human, congruent and conflicting entities. In computer science, the birth of the Internet and the subsequent emergence of the World Wide Web drew scientists’ attention to networks, as well. Later, the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) contributed to a shift in the prevailing perception of the Internet, from an immaterial entity to a network of interconnected material objects. Critical media artists explore the agency of non-human entities and the hybrid networks they articulate with heterogeneous agents. Some of them employ interconnected material objects to initiate tactical interventions at the intersection of art and activism. In this paper, we study tactical media artworks that incorporate material and technologically augmented everyday objects. We treat material objects as threefold entities – social, artistic and technological – and focus on the heterogeneous dynamic networks articulated around them. We investigate the actions and interactions of the entities involved, which result in a transformation of the emerging network. We show that these actions and interactions establish small-scale spatiotemporal spheres in which power relations are redistributed. The paper begins with a review of selected social and philosophical theories that introduced new terms, topologies and concepts for describing more-than-human networks. It then moves on to the advancement of networked technologies, focusing on the Internet’s materiality and the Internet of Things. Finally, it examines more-than-human networks, their transformations and the role of material objects in tactical media artworks through the analysis of two selected case studies.
Entidades assistenciais para crianças e adolescentes no município: impasses institucionais e possibilidades
Authors: Benelli Silvio José
Published: January 2023

Neste livro, Silvio José Benelli examina nos arquivos do Conselho Municipal dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente as entidades assistenciais cadastradas, identificando quais são e como funcionam esses estabelecimentos públicos e privados que atendem crianças e adolescentes em “situação de risco pessoal e social” em um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. A partir de ampla literatura sobre política pública de atendimento à criança e ao adolescente na atualidade brasileira e por meio de uma análise crítica, tanto da documentação quanto da bibliografia, o autor aprofunda a compreensão sobre a estrutura, o modo de funcionamento, a efetividade, os não ditos e as lacunas discursivas, principais problemas e desafios que enfrentam essas instituições. A produção da vida social é um dos determinantes fundamentais na orientação filantrópica das entidades assistenciais, que se encontram pautadas atualmente pela lógica mercadológica do terceiro setor, avessa às políticas públicas sociais e que lhes impõe dificuldades para pautarem discursos e práticas a partir do paradigma do sujeito cidadão.
Novel genetic variants in long non-coding RNA MEG3 are associated with the risk of asthma
Authors: Chiu Kuo-Liang , Chang Wen-Shin , Tsai Chia-Wen , Mong Mei-Chin , Hsia Te-Chun , Bau Da-Tian
Published: January 2023

Background

Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory airway disease worldwide. Asthma is a complex disease whose exact etiologic mechanisms remain elusive; however, it is increasingly evident that genetic factors play essential roles in the development of asthma. The purpose of this study is to identify novel genetic susceptibility loci for asthma in Taiwanese. We selected a well-studied long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), MEG3, which is involved in multiple cellular functions and whose expression has been associated with asthma. We hypothesize that genetic variants in MEG3 may influence the risk of asthma.

Methods

We genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MEG3, rs7158663, rs3087918, rs11160608, and rs4081134, in 198 patients with asthma and 453 healthy controls and measured serum MEG3 expression level in a subset of controls.

Results

The variant AG and AA genotypes of MEG3 rs7158663 were significantly over-represented in the patients compared to the controls (P = 0.0024). In logistic regression analyses, compared with the wild-type GG genotype, the heterozygous variant genotype (AG) was associated with a 1.62-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) [1.18–2.32], P = 0.0093] increased risk and the homozygous variant genotype (AA) conferred a 2.68-fold (95% CI [1.52–4.83], P = 0.003) increased risk of asthma. The allelic test showed the A allele was associated with a 1.63-fold increased risk of asthma (95% CI [1.25–2.07], P = 0.0004). The AG plus AA genotypes were also associated with severe symptoms (P = 0.0148). Furthermore, the AG and AA genotype carriers had lower serum MEG3 expression level than the GG genotype carriers, consistent with the reported downregulation of MEG3 in asthma patients.

Conclusion

MEG3 SNP rs7158663 is a genetic susceptibility locus for asthma in Taiwanese. Individuals carrying the variant genotypes have lower serum MEG3 level and are at increased risks of asthma and severe symptoms.
Relationship between the roots of Hippophae rhamnoides at different stump heights and the root microenvironment in feldspathic sandstone areas
Authors: Liu Lu , Guo Yuefeng , Liu Xiaoyu , Yao Yunfeng , Qi Wei
Published: January 2023

Background

To solve the withering of Hippophae rhamnoides plantation in the feldspathic sandstone areas of Inner Mongolia and to promote the regeneration, rejuvenation, and sustainability of H. rhamnoides forests.

Methods

We stumped aging H. rhamnoides trees at the ground heights of 0, 10, 15, and 20 cm (S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively) and utilized unstumped trees as the control (CK). We then analyzed the effects of the different stump heights on the roots and the root microenvironment of H. rhamnoides and the relationship between the roots and the root microenvironment in the stumped H. rhamnoides.

Results

The root fractal features, root branching rate, root length, root soluble proteins, soil moisture content, and soil nutrients among the different treatments were ranked as S3>S2>S1>S4>CK (P < 0.05). The root topological index, root proline, and malondialdehyde among the different treatments were ranked as S3<S2<S1<S4<CK (P < 0.05). The topological indices of S1, S2, S3, S4, and CK were 0.80, 0.86, 0.89, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively, and all were near 1. This result indicated a typical fishtail-shaped branching structure. The root length and root fractal dimensions were primarily affected by the positive correlation of the soil moisture content and the soil organic matter, and the root topological index was primarily affected by the negative correlation of the root proline. Root nutrients were dominant in the changes in the root architecture, while soil moisture and nutrients played supporting roles. These results indicated that stumping can promote plant root growth and root nutrient accumulation, thereby improving soil moisture and the soil nutrient distribution, and the S3 treatment had the greatest impact on the H. rhamnoides roots and root microenvironment. Therefore, the 15 cm stump height treatment should be implemented for withering H. rhamnoides in feldspathic sandstone areas to promote vegetation restoration.
Development of Learning Media In The Form of Microsoft Team Applications in Digital Information and Communication System Learning
Authors: . Eliza , Tambunan Hamonangan , . Baharuddin
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the feasibility of learning media in the form of Microsoft team applications in digital information and communication systems learning in class XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Idi; and (2) to determine the effectiveness of learning media in the form of Microsoft team applications in learning information systems and Digital Communication in Class XI Students of SMK Negeri 1 Idi. This type of research uses the R & D development model. The subjects of this study consisted of one material expert, one instructional media expert, one instructional design expert, and class XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Idi. The results showed: (1) the expert test of learning materials was very good (88%); (2) the expert test of learning media is very good (92.94%); (3) the expert test of very good learning design (97.35%); (4) E-Module Basic Learning Sewing Technology Based on Discovery Learning Learning Media in the form of Microsoft Team Applications in Digital Information and Communication Systems Learning is feasible to use; (4) there is a significant difference between the learning outcomes of students who use media and textbooks. This is indicated by the results of processing the data on the posttest results obtained by the price of t count = 10.691, At a significant level (? = 0.05) with dk 58 obtained ttable = 1.167 so that tcount > ttable for practical results obtained price of t count = 11.023, At significant level (? = 0.05) with dk 58 obtained ttable = 1.167 so that tcount > ttable. The average effectiveness of learning outcomes in the use of Learning Media in the form of Microsoft Team Applications is 85%, while groups of students using textbooks are 68%. This data proves that the use of Learning Media in the form of Microsoft Team Applications is more effective than without using media.
An Ensemble Learning Model for Predicting Social Engineering Pharming Attacks
Authors: Njuguna Lilian , Kamau Gabriel
Published: January 2023

Pharming attack has a broad scope as social engineers can masquerade as anyone, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic from health authorities or even organization executives getting in touch with their personnel. The study aims to develop an ensemble model for predicting social engineering-based pharming attacks from the client-side pharming attack. The target population for the study includes 1781 URLs, which are secondary and readily available on Kaggle having been compiled by Manu Siddhartha. The study focused on identifying URLs that facilitate Pharming attacks, a cybersecurity threat. Malicious URLs miss the protocol segmentation, certificate of authorization, and bait targets into becoming victims of pharming attacks. The research instrument used for data process and building a pharming attack model was CSV and Jupyter notebook. Data was collected from secondary data sources. A model for predictive pharming attacks was built utilizing Logic regression, Random Forest, and gradient boost as the model for boosting algorithms to reduce pharming malware attacks.
La ganancia de manglar y sus implicaciones en el reservorio de Carbono del Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga en Colombia
Authors: Perea Ardila Mauricio Alejandro , Murillo Sandoval Paulo J.
Published: January 2023

El Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga (PNNS) alberga la más extensa área de manglar en el Pacífico colombiano y de Sur América. Cambios antropogénicos asociados a la desviación del Río Patía hacia el Río Sanquianga en 1972 convirtió las condiciones del estuario de esta área protegida en un nuevo y dinámico delta. Incertidumbres sobre las nuevas condiciones en el estado de la cobertura de manglar y las repercusiones en el Carbono (C) secuestrado son desconocidas. En este estudio determinamos las ganancias y pérdidas de la cobertura de manglar usando imágenes SAR del JERS 1 y ALOS-PALSAR en dos periodos de tiempo 1996-2007 y 2007-2017. Adicionalmente, estimamos los contenidos de biomasa aérea (AGB) y C y calculamos las emisiones evitadas por deforestación. Los resultados reflejaron un incremento neto en 21 años de la cobertura de manglares de 243.97 ha y pérdidas estimadas en 122.30 ha donde el 68.48% de estos se focalizaron sobre la bocana de Guacama. El PNNS registró un promedio de AGB de 393.15 Ton/ha y un promedio de C de 196.58 Ton C/ha para el año 2017. Las emisiones potenciales evitadas por deforestación totales se estimaron en 28 277 944.8 GgCO2eq. El PNNS es un área potencial para el desarrollo de proyectos de Carbono Azul, debido a la gran cantidad de carbono almacenado. Estrategias que involucren herramientas para el monitoreo y las comunidades locales que dependen de este ecosistema son necesarias para preservar su cobertura y servicios ecosistémicos en el futuro.
8ª Edición de la Escuela de verano de Ecología de Navarra – Ecólogas/os por un día
Authors: Imbert Juan Bosco , Blanco Juan A.
Published: January 2023

Nota sobre la 8ª Edición de la Escuela de verano de Ecología de Navarra – Ecólogas/os por un día
Nutritional Benefits of Fish Consumption for Humans: A Review
Authors: Phogat Sachin , Dahiya Tejpal , Jangra Monika , Kumari Anshu , Kumar Ajay
Published: January 2023

In conquest to attain the goal of zero hunger as well as tackling the problem of malnutrition worldwide, fish proves to be one of the best functional food to humans. Along with the sense of good taste to humans, it ensures great nutritional value at an affordable price. Fish food plays an active role in providing nutrients to the body that are directly involved in metabolic activities. It is enriched with high quality protein containing all the essential amino acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids including eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Also, it provides wide variety of micronutrients involving vitamins (fat soluble vitamins and several members of vitamin B complex) and minerals. Also, these have significant protective effects against the occurrences of several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, retinopathy, diabetes, arthritis and some other acute or chronic diseases. The bioactive peptides from fish food are reported for their positive effect on humans. Therefore, fish is an optimal choice of food to humans as it helps in their growth, development and maintenance of good health. However, care should be taken during processing of fish or fish products as the inappropriate handling can deteriorate the nutritional quality of the food.
Evaluation of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality by Race and Ethnicity Among Pregnant and Recently Pregnant Women in the US, 2019 to 2020
Authors: Howard Jeffrey T. , Perrotte Jessica K. , Leong Caleb , Grigsby Timothy J. , Howard Krista J.
Published: January 2023

This cross-sectional study examines all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates among pregnant and recently pregnant US women from 2019 to 2020 and compares mortality rates by race and ethnicity.
Implementation of Sphinx/Lynx as daily QA equipment for scanned proton and carbon ion beams
Authors: Grevillot Loïc , Moreno Jhonnatan Osorio , Fuchs Hermann , Dreindl Ralf , Elia Alessio , Bolsa‐Ferruz Marta , Stock Markus , Palmans Hugo
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Reporting on the first implementation of a proton dedicated commercial device (IBA Sphinx/Lynx) for daily Quality Assurance (QA) of scanned proton and carbon ion beams.

Methods

Daily QA trendlines over more than 3 years for protons and more than 2 years for carbon ions have been acquired. Key daily QA parameters were reviewed, namely the spot size and position, beam range, Bragg peak width, coincidence (between beam and imaging system isocenters), homogeneity and dose.

Results

The performance of the QA equipment for protons and carbon ions was evaluated. Daily QA trendlines allowed us to detect machine performance drifts and changes. The definition of tolerances and action levels is provided and compared with levels used in the literature.

Conclusion

The device has been successfully implemented for routine daily QA activities in a dual particle therapy facility for more than 2 years. It improved the efficiency of daily QA and provides a comprehensive QA process.
Predictors of cognitive decline in older individuals without dementia: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Feng Lan , Wang Yuhao , Zeng Daojun , Wang Maohua , Duan Xiaoxia
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate the effect of overall peripheral inflammatory levels on cognitive function, we explored the relationship between established biomarkers of peripheral inflammation (circulating C‐reactive protein [CRP], interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], and tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α]) and cognitive decline by performing a review of observational studies and creating an updated summary.

Methods

We included literatures exploring the relationship between peripheral levels of CRP, IL‐6, and TNF‐α and subsequent cognitive decline, published until July 2022, by searching the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials, CNKI, and VIP databases. We used random‐effects models to pool the odds ratios (ORs) for the risks of subsequent cognitive decline in older adults with high levels of peripheral inflammation. We initially screened out 501 literatures, of which only 17 were ultimately eligible. Overall, there were 19,516 older individuals included in our meta‐analysis, and 2134 of them experienced subsequent cognitive change.

Results

Individuals with high levels of peripheral inflammation may have 14% more chance to develop subsequent cognitive decline than those with low levels (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03–1.27; p < 0.00001). In the subgroup analysis, the incidence of cognitive decline was higher in individuals with high levels of IL‐6. This study further demonstrates the link between systemic inflammation and cognitive status.

Interpretation

Detecting CRP, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in peripheral blood is necessary, as they may become effective indicators for forthcoming cognitive performance.
Intraindividual Change in Cognitive Function Among Adults With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Markov Analysis Over 7 Years
Authors: Perera Stefan , Cook Richard , Lee Ker‐Ai , Katz Patti , Touma Zahi
Published: January 2023

Objective

Cognitive impairment is prevalent in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There remain gaps in understanding cognition and SLE longitudinally. We studied intraindividual change in cognition in SLE over time.

Methods

Data were from the University of California, San Francisco Lupus Outcome Study, which included 1281 adults with SLE. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test‐Revised (HVLT‐R) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) were administered annually over 7 years. A two‐state Markov analysis was used to model transition intensities for probabilities of change in cognition. Logistic regression examined the association between clinical variables and cognitive change.

Results

Minimal transition between cognitive states was observed in the Markov analysis. Using the COWAT, higher levels of self‐reported depression were associated with decreased likelihood of cognitive improvement (Relative Risk [RR]: 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96‐0.99), and higher self‐reported disease severity was associated with cognitive decline (RR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02‐1.09). Using the HVLT‐R, increasing age (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.03) and higher education level (RR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.28‐2.58) were associated with cognitive improvement, and higher self‐reported disease severity (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.03) and depression (RR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03‐1.07) were associated with cognitive decline.

Conclusion

Most individuals with SLE did not transition between states of high (Z score ≥ −1.5) or low (Z score < −1.5) cognition in a Markov analysis over a 7‐year assessment period, highlighting a degree of relative stability in cognition over time. Increasing age and higher education levels were associated with greater likelihood of cognitive improvement. Greater self‐reported SLE disease severity and depression were associated with cognitive decline.
Ligand Exchange Reaction Enables Digital‐To‐Analog Resistive Switching and Artificial Synapse within Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Jiahui , Liu Lin , Bian Baoan , Wang Jingyu , Zhao Xing , Zhang Yuchun , Yan Yong
Published: January 2023

The transition between digital and analog resistive switching in a single memristive device is beneficial for the reduction in power consumption and circuit complexity, the development of in‐memory neuromorphic computing, and the discovery of new switching mechanisms. However, achieving such transition is a challenge due to the complex switching mechanisms and device designs. Here, it is shown that the digital‐to‐analog resistive switching can be realized by the ligand exchange reaction of metal nanoparticles. The field‐injected copper cations migrate within carboxyl‐functionalized gold nanoparticle (AuNP) layer that are subsequently reduced into metallic filaments, enabling an abrupt resistive switching. Importantly, when the carboxyl groups on the gold nanoparticle are replaced by amino‐carboxyl ligands, the copper cations coordinate with the new ligands and create the conductance bridges to reduce the electron tunneling/hopping energy barriers, leading to continuous modulation in conductivity. This analog resistive switching allows to implement several important synaptic functions such as potentiation/depression, paired‐pulse facilitation, learning behaviors including forgetting curves and spaced learning effect. In the end, due to the non‐volatile characteristics, the gold nanoparticle synapse is used to build single layer perceptron for pattern classification with 100% accuracy.
Controlling C2C12 Cytotoxicity on Liquid Metal Embedded Elastomer (LMEE)
Authors: Won Phillip , Coyle Stephen , Ko Seung Hwan , Quinn David , Hsia K. Jimmy , LeDuc Philip , Majidi Carmel
Published: January 2023

Liquid metal embedded elastomers (LMEEs) are highly stretchable composites comprising microscopic droplets of eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) liquid metal embedded in a soft rubber matrix. They have a unique combination of mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties that make them attractive for potential applications in flexible electronics, thermal management, wearable computing, and soft robotics. However, the use of LMEEs in direct contact with human tissue or organs requires an understanding of their biocompatibility and cell cytotoxicity. In this study, the cytotoxicity of C2C12 cells in contact with LMEE composites composed of EGaIn droplets embedded with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix is investigated. In particular, the influence of EGaIn volume ratio and shear mixing time during synthesis on cell proliferation and viability is examined. The special case of electrically‐conductive LMEE composites in which a percolating network of EGaIn droplets is created through “mechanical sintering” is also examined. This study in C2C12 cytotoxicity represents a first step in determining whether LMEE is safe for use in implantable biomedical devices and biohybrid systems.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Alkynylation of N,O‐Acetals: An Access to Alkynylated Saturated N‐heterocycles
Authors: Melot Romain , Olivero Sandra , Michelet Véronique
Published: January 2023

A synthetic route for the preparation of alkynylated saturated N‐heterocycles via a sequential combination of a Shono oxidation and a gold(I)‐catalyzed alkynylation reaction has been developed. The electrochemical Shono oxidation allowed an efficient access to a variety of N,O‐acetals via a direct C−H bond functionalization of cyclic amines. The reaction conditions were amenable with functionalized pyrrolidine, tetrahydroisoquinoline and pyrrolidine‐cyclopropyl fused bicyclic skeletons. The gold‐catalyzed process allowed the introduction of aryl acetylene partners bearing electron‐donating and moderate electron‐withdrawing. The efficiency of the gold process is remarkable and could be scaled up to 5 mmol of N,O‐acetal. Post‐functionalization reactions were performed based on the reactivity of the alkyne, showing the broad interest of our methodology. Promising preliminary results on an asymmetric version were obtained (e.r. up to 84.5:15.5).

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Nano‐Brake Halts Mitochondrial Dysfunction Cascade to Alleviate Neuropathology and Rescue Alzheimer's Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Zhang Qian , Song Qingxiang , Yu Renhe , Wang Antian , Jiang Gan , Huang Yukun , Chen Jun , Xu Jianrong , Wang Dayuan , Chen Hongzhuan , Gao Xiaoling
Published: January 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as the key pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), is a critical upstream signaling pathway that contributes to the mitochondrial dysfunction cascade in AD pathogenesis. Herein, a “two‐hit braking” therapeutic strategy to synergistically halt mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and mPTP opening to put the mitochondrial dysfunction cascade on a brake is proposed. To achieve this goal, magnesium ion (Mg2+), a natural Ca2+ antagonist, and siRNA to the central mPTP regulator cyclophilin D (CypD), are co‐encapsulated into the designed nano‐brake; A matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) activatable cell‐penetrating peptide (MAP) is anchored on the surface of nano‐brake to overcome the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and realize targeted delivery to the mitochondrial dysfunction cells of the brain. Nano‐brake treatment efficiently halts the mitochondrial dysfunction cascade in the cerebrovascular endothelial cells, neurons, and microglia and powerfully alleviates AD neuropathology and rescues cognitive deficits. These findings collectively demonstrate the potential of advanced design of nanotherapeutics to halt the key upstream signaling pathways of mitochondrial dysfunction to provide a powerful strategy for AD modifying therapy.
Dual Integrating Oxygen and Sulphur on Surface of CoTe Nanorods Triggers Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Xin , Mao Zhelin , Mao Xin , Hu Ximiao , Gao Feiyue , Gao Minrui , Wu Qi‐Long , Lyu Xiao , Du Aijun , Xu Xiangsheng , Jia Yi , Wang Lei
Published: January 2023

The bottleneck of large‐scale implementation of electrocatalytic water‐splitting technology lies in lacking inexpensive, efficient, and durable catalysts to accelerate the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction kinetics. Owing to more metallic features, transition metal telluride (TMT) with good electronic conductivity holds promising potential as an ideal type of electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), whereas most TMTs reported up to now still show unsatisfactory OER performance that is far below corresponding sulfide and selenide counterparts. Here, the activation and stabilization of cobalt telluride (CoTe) nanoarrays toward OER through dual integration of sulfur (S) doping and surface oxidization is reported. The as‐synthesized CoO@S‐CoTe catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of only 246 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a long‐term stability of more than 36 h, outperforming commercial RuO2 and other reported telluride‐based OER catalysts. The combined experimental and theoretical results reveal that the enhanced OER performance stems from increased active sites exposure, improved charge transfer ability, and optimized electronic state. This work will provide a valuable guidance to release the catalytic potential of telluride‐based OER catalysts via interface modulating engineering.
Strengthening Intraframework Interaction within Flexible MOFs Demonstrates Simultaneous Sieving Acetylene from Ethylene and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zheng Fang , Chen Rundao , Liu Ying , Yang Qiwei , Zhang Zhiguo , Yang Yiwen , Ren Qilong , Bao Zongbi
Published: January 2023

Efficient separation of acetylene (C2H2)/ethylene (C2H4) and acetylene/carbon dioxide (CO2) by adsorption is an industrially promising process, but adsorbents capable of simultaneously capturing trace acetylene from ethylene and carbon dioxide are scarce. Herein, a gate‐opening effect on three isomorphous flexible metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) named Co(4‐DPDS)2MO4 (M = Cr, Mo, W; 4‐DPDS = 4,4‐dipyridyldisulfide) is modulated by anion pillars substitution. The shortest CrO42− strengthens intraframework hydrogen bonding and thus blocks structural transformation after activation, striking a good balance among working capacity, separation selectivity, and trace impurity removal of flexible MOFs out of nearly C2H2/C2H4 and C2H2/CO2 molecular sieving. The exceptional separation performance of Co(4‐DPDS)2CrO4 is confirmed by dynamic breakthrough experiments. It reveals the specific threshold pressures control in anion‐pillared flexible materials enabled elimination of the impurity leakage to realize high purity products through precise control of the intraframework interaction. The adsorption mechanism and multimode structural transformation property are revealed by both calculations and crystallography studies. This work demonstrates the feasibility of modulating flexibility for controlling gate‐opening effect, especially for some cases of significant aperture shrinkage after activation.
Ferroelectric Wide‐Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskite Field‐Effect Transistors: Toward Transparent Electronics
Authors: Xia Jiangnan , Qiu Xincan , Liu Yu , Chen Ping‐An , Guo Jing , Wei Huan , Ding Jiaqi , Xie Haihong , Lv Yawei , Li Fuxiang , Li Wenwu , Liao Lei , Hu Yuanyuan
Published: January 2023

Transparent field‐effect transistors (FETs) are attacking intensive interest for constructing fancy “invisible” electronic products. Presently, the main technology for realizing transparent FETs is based on metal oxide semiconductors, which have wide‐bandgap but generally demand sputtering technique or high‐temperature (>350 °C) solution process for fabrication. Herein, a general device fabrication strategy for metal halide perovskite (MHP) FETs is shown, by which transparent perovskite FETs are successfully obtained using low‐temperature (<150 °C) solution process. This strategy involves the employment of ferroelectric copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (PVDF‐TrFE) as the dielectric, which conquers the challenging issue of gate‐electric‐field screening effect in MHP FETs. Additionally, an ultra‐thin SnO2 is inserted between the source/drain electrodes and MHPs to facilitate electron injection. Consequently, n‐type semi‐transparent MAPbBr3 FETs and fully transparent MAPbCl3 FETs which can operate well at room temperature with mobility over 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on/off ratio >103 are achieved for the first time. The low‐temperature solution processability of these FETs makes them particularly attractive for applications in low‐cost, large‐area transparent electronics.
Dimensional Tuning in Lead‐Free Tin Halide Perovskite for Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Zhang Zuhong , Li Guixiang , Aldamasy Mahmoud H. , Li Meng , Abate Antonio
Published: January 2023

Due to its outstanding optoelectronic properties, halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) power conversion efficiency has rapidly grown to 25.7%. Nonetheless, lead poisoning is a significant hurdle to the deployment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Tin is the most alternative with the most potential due to its similar electric and electronic properties to lead and its less hazardous nature. Yet, the performance of Sn‐based PSCs lags significantly below that of Pb‐based PSCs due to the Sn (II)'s easy oxidation to Sn (IV). Incorporating large‐sized organic cations to form quasi‐two‐dimensional (2D) structured‐tin perovskites increases the stability of the PSC. In addition, the hydrophobic group of the quasi‐2D structure inhibits moisture and oxygen from penetrating the absorber layers. This review analyzes and evaluates the characteristics and performance of quasi‐2D Sn‐based perovskites such as Ruddlesden–Popper, Dion–Jacobson, and alternating cation interlayer (ACI). This work further proposes alternative strategies to improve the efficiency and stability of tin‐based PSCs, including constructing new mixed 2D/3D perovskite structures, enhancing the transmission capacity, novel organic cations, and fabricating new ACI perovskite structures and controlling perovskite strain.
Micelle‐crosslinked hydrogels with stretchable, self‐healing, and selectively adhesive properties: Random copolymers work as dynamic yet self‐sorting domains
Authors: Asai Hiroaki , Shibata Motoki , Takenaka Mikihito , Takata Shinichi , Hiroi Kosuke , Ouchi Makoto , Terashima Takaya
Published: January 2023

The design of crosslinking domains is a vital factor to create functional hydrogels with controlled physical, mechanical, and adhesive properties. This paper demonstrates versatile synthetic systems of micelle‐crosslinked hydrogels with highly stretchable, self‐healing, and selectively adhesive properties. For this, methacrylate‐bearing random copolymer micelles are designed as physical and covalent crosslink domains via the self‐assembly of amphiphilic random copolymers carrying hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), hydrophobic butyl or dodecyl groups, and methacrylate‐terminal PEG in water. The size, aggregation number, and pendant methacrylate number of the micelles are controlled by the composition and degree of polymerization. Hydrogels are efficiently obtained from the free radical polymerization of hydrophilic monomers such as PEG acrylate and acrylamide in the presence of the micelle crosslinkers in water. Owing to the dynamic yet selective chain exchange properties of the micelle domains, the hydrogels are highly stretchable up to over 1000% and show self‐healing and selectively adhesive properties. The self‐healing of hydrogels is promoted upon heating due to the fast chain exchange of the micelle domains, whereas hydrogels consisting of micelles with different alkyl groups are never adhesive because of their self‐sorting properties.
A Covalent Organic Framework as a Long‐life and High‐Rate Anode Suitable for Both Aqueous Acidic and Alkaline Batteries
Authors: Lin Yilun , Cui Huilin , Liu Chao , Li Ran , Wang Shipeng , Qu Guangmeng , Wei Zhiquan , Yang Yihan , Wang Yaxin , Tang Zijie , Li Hongfei , Zhang Haiyan , Zhi Chunyi , Lv Haiming
Published: January 2023

Aqueous rechargeable batteries are prospective candidates for large‐scale grid energy storage. However, traditional anode materials applied lack acid‐alkali co‐tolerance. Herein, we report a covalent organic framework containing pyrazine (C=N) and phenylimino (−NH−) groups (HPP‐COF) as a long‐cycle and high‐rate anode for both acidic and alkaline batteries. The HPP‐COF′s robust covalent linkage and the hydrogen bond network between −NH− and water molecules collectively improve the acid‐alkaline co‐tolerance. More importantly, the hydrogen bond network promotes the rapid transport of H+/OH−by the Grotthuss mechanism. As a result, the HPP‐COF delivers a superior capacity and cycle stability (66.6 mAh g−1@ 30 A g−1, over 40000 cycles in 1 M H2SO4electrolyte; 91.7 mAh g−1@ 100 A g−1, over 30000 cycles @ 30 A g−1in 1 M NaOH electrolyte). The work opens a new direction for the structural design and application of COF materials in acidic and alkaline batteries.
Perfluoroalkyl Selenoxides, Selenones and Selenoximines: General Preparation and Properties
Authors: de Zordo‐Banliat Arnaud , Grollier Kevin , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Floquet Sébastien , Billard Thierry , Dagousset Guillaume , Pégot Bruce , Magnier Emmanuel
Published: January 2023

A selective access to perfluoroalkyl selenoxides, via Oxone® as oxidant or to selenones by using a Polyoxometalate‐based Ionic Liquid (POM‐IL) as a catalyst for the oxidation step is described. The reaction works with various perfluoralkyl chains and substituents with satisfactory to excellent yields. A two‐step one‐pot reaction from selenocyanates was performed to gain access to perfluoroalkyl selenoxides. The previously unknown perfluoroalkyl selenoximines family was also prepared with good yields. Having unlocked two strategies for the synthesis of fluoroalkylated SeIV and SeVI compounds, we then evaluated the Hansch‐Leo lipophilicity parameters of these groups. Finally, asymmetric aryl perfluoroalkyl selenoximines were resolved to determine their absolute configurations.
Compliance With and Barriers to Implementing the Surgical Safety Checklist: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Aydin Akbuga Gökçen , Sürme Yeliz , Esenkaya Derya
Published: January 2023

This mixed‐methods study aimed to determine nurses’ views on the use of the Turkish version of the World Health Organization's Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC). Phase 1 of the study consisted of a survey of perioperative and surgical nursing unit nurses’ perceptions on the use of the SSC. The results showed that personnel believed that every step of the checklist was not always applied and that an increased workload and the lack of team cooperation negatively affected the use of the checklist. Phase 2 of the study involved RN circulator interviews and focused on their experiences using the SSC, the obstacles to SSC implementation, and ways to increase compliance. We interviewed 126 nurses during phase 1 and 20 nurses during phase 2. We analyzed the interviews and identified three themes: the importance of using the SSC, barriers to using the checklist, and compliance with the checklist and applicability.
Reduction of Proinflammatory Effector Functions Through Remodeling of Fatty Acid Metabolism in CD8+ T Cells From Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Kraus Franziska V. , Keck Simon , Klika Karel D. , Graf Jürgen , Carvalho Rui A. , Lorenz Hanns‐Martin , Souto‐Carneiro M. Margarida
Published: January 2023

Objective

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) CD8+ T cells maintain their effector proinflammatory phenotype by changing their metabolism toward aerobic glycolysis. However, their massive energy and biosynthesis needs may require additional substrates other than glucose. Since systemic alterations in lipid metabolism have been reported in RA patients, we explored the role of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in CD8+ T cells to identify potential targets to curb their proinflammatory potential.

Methods

The expression of FA metabolism–related genes was analyzed for total CD8+ T cells and CD8+ T cell subsets in the data of RA patients and healthy controls retrieved from the GEO database. Functional assays were performed using peripheral blood CD8+ T cells isolated from RA (n = 31), psoriatic arthritis (n = 26), and spondyloarthritis (n = 21) patients receiving different therapies (disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologics, and JAK inhibitors) and from healthy controls (n = 14). We quantified the expression of FA transporters, lipid uptake, intracellular FA content, cytokine production, activation, proliferation, and capacity to inhibit tumor cell growth, either with or without FA metabolism inhibitors.

Results

The CD8+ T cell gene expression profile of FA metabolism–related genes was significantly different between untreated RA patients and healthy controls. RA patients who had a good clinical response after 6 months of methotrexate therapy had significantly increased expression of FA metabolism–related genes. Cell surface expression of the FA transporters FA binding protein 4 (FABP4) and G protein–coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) and FA uptake were higher in effector and memory CD8+ T cells from RA patients compared to those from healthy controls. In vitro blockade of FA metabolism significantly impaired CD8+ T cell effector functions.

Conclusion

RA CD8+ T cells present an altered FA metabolism, which could provide potential therapeutic targets to control their proinflammatory profile, particularly therapies directed against the transport and oxidation of free FA.

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Mechanistic Study of Chemoselectivity for Carbon Radical Hydroxylation versus Chlorination with FeIII(OH)(Cl) Complexes
Authors: Yang Miao , Chen Xiahe , Su Xingxing , She Yuan‐Bin , Yang Yun‐Fang
Published: January 2023

The FeIII(OH)(Cl) complex resembles the key intermediate proposed for the non‐heme iron halogenases. Goldberg and co‐workers reported that the FeIII(OH)(Cl) RC reacts with triphenylmethyl radical 1 to give an exclusive hydroxylation product. To understand the chemoselectivity of the reaction of RC with 1, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been conducted. From RC, the competing pathways were identified as the OH‐transfer, Cl‐transfer, and isomerization pathways. The direct Cl‐transfer is more favorable than direct OH‐transfer by 2.8 kcal/mol. The hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl group and the pendent amine ligand impede the direct OH‐transfer from RC. Compared with the direct Cl‐transfer pathway, the isomerization pathways require lower barriers. In isomer RCiso2, the equatorial hydroxyl group, which has smaller diabatic bond dissociation energy, prefers to transfer to form the hydroxylation product. In FeIII(Cl)2 RC2 and RC2iso, the equatorial chloride group also prefers to transfer to give the chlorination product.