bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder delivered via telehealth technology
Authors: Tuerk Peter W. , Yoder Matthew , Ruggiero Kenneth J. , Gros Daniel F. , Acierno Ron
Published: February 2010

The authors present a pilot study of 12 veterans diagnosed with combat‐related PTSD and treated with prolonged exposure therapy (PE) via telehealth technology. A reference sample of 35 combat veterans treated with in‐person PE in the same clinic is also included for a comparison. Feasibility and clinical outcomes of interest include technical performance and practicality of the telehealth equipment, patient safety, treatment completion rates, number of sessions required for termination, and clinical outcomes. Results indicated large statistically significant decreases in self‐reported pathology for veterans treated with PE via telehealth technology. Preliminary results support the feasibility and safety of the modality. Suggestions for the implementation of PE via telehealth technology are discussed.
Vesicular monoamine transporters: Structure‐function, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry
Authors: Wimalasena Kandatege
Published: February 2010

Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT) are responsible for the uptake of cytosolic monoamines into synaptic vesicles in monoaminergic neurons. Two closely related VMATs with distinct pharmacological properties and tissue distributions have been characterized. VMAT1 is preferentially expressed in neuroendocrine cells and VMAT2 is primarily expressed in the CNS. The neurotoxicity and addictive properties of various psychostimulants have been attributed, at least partly, to their interference with VMAT2 functions. The quantitative assessment of the VMAT2 density by PET scanning has been clinically useful for early diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and drug addiction. The classical VMAT2 inhibitor, tetrabenazine, has long been used for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, and recently approved in the United States. The VMAT2 imaging may also be useful for exploiting the onset of diabetes mellitus, as VMAT2 is also expressed in the β‐cells of the pancreas. VMAT1 gene SLC18A1 is a locus with strong evidence of linkage with schizophrenia and, thus, the polymorphic forms of the VMAT1 gene may confer susceptibility to schizophrenia. This review summarizes the current understanding of the structure–function relationships of VMAT2, and the role of VMAT2 on addiction and psychostimulant‐induced neurotoxicity, and the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of specific VMAT2 ligands. The evidence for the linkage of VMAT1 gene with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder I is also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev 31: 483‐519, 2011
Evaluation of the use of audio‐enhanced personal digital assistants to survey Latino migrant farmworkers
Authors: Kilanowski Jill F. , Trapl Erika S.
Published: February 2010

We describe the feasibility of audio‐enhanced personal digital assistants (ADPAs) for data collection with 60 Latino migrant farmworkers. All participants chose to complete APDA surveys rather than using paper‐and‐pencil. No one left the study prematurely: two (3%) data cases were lost due to technical difficulties. Across all data .27% missing data were observed: nine missing responses on eight items. Participants took 19 minutes on average to complete the 58‐question survey. The factor most influential for completion was education level. APDA methodology enabled both English‐ and Spanish‐speaking Latino migrant farmworkers to become active research participants with minimal loss of data. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:156–163, 2010
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor in neonatal alloimmune neutropenia: A possible association with induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Wiedl Christina , Walter Andrew W.
Published: February 2010

Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN) is a rare cause of congenital neutropenia seen in <1% of births. Significant morbidity, usually infections, may result from this disease. The pathophysiology of NAIN, mediated by maternal antibodies crossing the placenta to destroy fetal cells expressing paternal antigens, is similar to that of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, as well as Rh/ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. The use of high‐dose granulocyte colony stimulating factor in patients with NAIN may cause a reversible thrombocytopenia in some patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:1014–1016 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral quinine‐induced hypoglycaemic seizures
Authors: Elliott J , Mackie A , Dibden C , Blumsohn A , Creagh F
Published: February 2010

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus was admitted for investigation of hypoglycaemic seizures. His past medical history included a combined pancreas and kidney transplant, but by the time of admission both organs had failed. As his renal function deteriorated leg cramps were problematic, and so oral quinine had been prescribed. Despite reducing his insulin doses, his glycaemic control became more erratic. His plasma quinine concentration was typical of that expected in high dose intravenous treatment of malaria. On ceasing oral quinine therapy his hypoglycaemic seizures stopped.

This case highlights that in cases of unexplained hypoglycaemic attacks, in patients with some residual endogenous insulin secretion, oral quinine must be excluded as a possible cause. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Thermal degradation behaviors of epoxy resin/POSS hybrids and phosphorus–silicon synergism of flame retardancy
Authors: Wang Xin , Hu Yuan , Song Lei , Xing Weiyi , Lu Hongdian
Published: February 2010

Epoxy resin (EP)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) hybrids were prepared based on octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OVPOSS) and phosphorus‐containing epoxy resin (PCEP). The PCEP was synthesized via the reaction between bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO). The structure and morphology of PCEP/OVPOSS hybrids were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the PCEP/OVPOSS hybrids possessed higher glass transition temperatures than that of PCEP. The thermal stability of the PCEP/OVPOSS hybrids was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA results illustrated the synergistic effect of phosphorus–silicon of flame retardancy: phosphorus promotes the char formation, and silicon protects the char from thermal degradation. The thermal degradation mechanism of the PCEP/OVPOSS hybrids was investigated by real time Fourier transform infrared spectra and pyrolysis/gas chromatogram/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) analysis. It was found that OVPOSS migrated to the surface of the matrix and then sublimed from the surface in nitrogen; whereas, the vinyl groups of OVPOSS were oxidated to form a radical trap which could react with pyrolysis radicals derived from PCEP to form the branched and crosslinked structure in air. The combustion behaviors of the hybrids were evaluated by micro combustion calorimetry. The addition of OVPOSS obviously decreased the value of peak heat release rate and total heat release of the hybrids. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to explore the char residues of the PCEP and the hybrids. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 693–705, 2010
On the Growth of Fluorocarbon Thin Films Deposited on Plasma‐Etched 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Lewis François , Turgeon Stéphane , Chevallier Pascale , Pireaux Jean‐Jacques , Tatoulian Michael , Mantovani Diego
Published: February 2010

Plasma fluorocarbon films deposited on 316L stainless steel have shown promising adhesion properties as potential stent coatings. However, further analyses revealed the occurrence of nano‐defects, which led to water infiltration and delamination. Plasma etchings with two different gases, C2F6 and H2, were applied prior to the coating deposition in order to etch the oxide layer of the stainless steel and to create activated sites on the surface to promote the polymerization. Surfaces and thin layers were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time of flight‐secondary ion mass spectrometry, fourier‐transform infra‐red spectroscopy, and near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure to study the film growth mechanism. Hydrogen etchings demonstrated to play a crucial role in the first step of the fluorocarbon growth through the formation of hydroxides at the stainless steel surface, which served as initiator during plasma polymerization.

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Crystallography and Structure–Property Relationships of 2,2″,4,4′,4″,6,6′,6″‐Octanitro‐1,1′ : 3′,1″‐Terphenyl (ONT)
Authors: Zeman Svatopluk , Roháč Michal , Friedl Zdeněk , Růžička Aleš , Lyčka Antonín
Published: February 2010

An X‐ray crystallographic study of 2,2″,4,4′,4″,6,6′,6″‐octanitro‐1,1′ : 3′,1″‐terphenyl (ONT) has been carried out. The dihedral angles between benzene rings vary from 84.9° to 89.4°. Nonbinding interatomic distances of oxygen atoms inside all the nitro groups are shorter than the intermolecular contact radii for oxygen. On the basis of the DFT B3LYP/6‐31(d, p) method it was found that the difference between the X‐ray structure in the solid phase and DFT result for the gas phase is 98 kJ mol−1, and the bearer of the highest initiation reactivity of the ONT molecule in the solid phase should be the nitro group at 4″‐position, in contrast to those at 4′‐ or 6′‐position that play this role in the isolated molecule. It has been stated that the nitro groups at the reaction centers of the ONT molecule are relatively well specified by their 15N NMR chemical shifts.
Recommended management of GORD in general practice
Authors: Green Caroline
Published: February 2010

Gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease is a common complaint in its mildest form and often related to lifestyle. Our Drug review describes the properties, efficacy and side‐effects of the available drug options, followed by an analysis of prescription data and sources of further information. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
A primary care initiative to support medicines reconciliation
Authors: Nicholls Ian , Wilcock Michael
Published: February 2010

The authors describe a new approach they have developed to provide a reliable medical history on admission from GP practice records. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Head lice infestation: diagnosis and recommended management
Authors: Silva Inger de
Published: February 2010

Our series Prescribing in children gives practical advice for successful management of childhood problems in general practice. Here, the author describes the diagnosis and management of threadworm in this age group. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Thermopower and Hall‐effect investigations of microcrystalline silicon films
Authors: Sellmer C. , Bronger T. , Beyer W. , Carius R.
Published: February 2010

A series of phosphorous doped microcrystalline silicon (μ c‐Si:H) and amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) samples with different degrees of crystallinity was prepared using plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). Thermoelectric power, Hall‐effect and electrical conductivity measurements were made in the temperature range 80–430 K. The crystallinity of the samples was determined by Raman measurements. The results show that the charge carrier concentration as determined by Hall‐effect and conductivity is highest and the absolute values of the thermopower are lowest at a medium magnitude (38–74%) of crystallinity.

Moreover, the effective density of states at the conduction band was calculated for different temperatures by combining Hall, conductivity and thermopower measurements. At room temperature we get results close to the value for crystalline silicon by using only the crystalline amount of the microcrystalline sample and a heat of transport term of AC = 3.1. For the amorphous material, the data suggest that the Hall mobility (measured with an anomalous sign) underestimates the charge carrier mobility (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
2D simulations of interdigitated back contact heterojunction solar cells based on n‐type crystalline silicon
Authors: Diouf D. , Kleider J.P. , Desrues T. , Ribeyron P.J.
Published: February 2010

The combination of amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon heterojunction (a‐Si:H/c‐Si) concept with interdigitated back contact leads to a very promising structure for high efficiency solar cell. In this work, we study the interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC‐SiHJ) structure by two‐dimensional numerical simulations and we focus on IBC‐SiHJ solar cells based on n‐type c‐Si. Assuming low surface recombination velocity (10 cm/s), we study the effect of the following parameters: bulk lifetime and doping concentration of c‐Si, density of defects at the a‐Si:H/c‐Si interface. The influence of these parameters has been tested by generating the current‐voltage (I‐V) curves. Results indicate that with a high crystalline substrate quality and low recombining a‐Si:H/c‐Si interfaces efficiencies approaching 25% can be reached. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon at high electric field
Authors: Pirc Matija , Furlan Jože , Levstek Andrej , Topič Marko
Published: February 2010

In this paper optical properties of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (i ‐a‐Si:H) at high electric field are studied. A theoretical model for an absorption coefficient that predicts its increase at higher electric field has been developed based on additional electron transitions from lower occupied states to higher unoccupied states utilizing emission over or tunnelling through the potential barrier. Measurements of transmission were performed on a transparent conductive oxide (TCO)/i ‐a‐Si:H/TCO/glass test structure and confirmed the effect of increased absorption at increasing field. The trends between theory and experiment are in agreement, although the theoretical model overestimates the sensitivity of absorptance to electric field strength. The influence of secondary effects such as voltage drop across the TCOs, self‐heating and temperature dependence are discussed (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of aging on the dark conductivity and 1/f noise in hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon thin films
Authors: Güneş M. , Johanson R. E. , O.Kasap S. , Finger F. , Lambertz A.
Published: February 2010

Aging hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon in air is found to affect both the dark conductivity and the 1/f noise. For a sample with a crystalline volume fraction of 0.39, the conductivity decreased by three orders of magnitude at 20 °C after short‐term (10–20 hrs) exposure to air. The conductivity recovered after annealing to 160 °C. Long‐term exposure (2 years) resulted in a permanent decrease by a factor of 16 at 20 °C even after annealing. Long‐term aging also increased the conductivity activation energy from 0.193 eV to 0.342 eV. After short‐term aging and below the annealing temperature, the conductivity prefactor σ0 and the activation energy Eσ follow a Meyer‐Neldel type of relation. Conductance fluctuations measured for annealed and aged states show all the expected characteristics of 1/f noise. The spectra fit a power law with slope ‐1; the slope is not affected by temperature or aging. The magnitude of the noise decreases with temperature after aging, but by much less after annealing. A simple analysis of the product of conductivity and noise magnitude can be used to estimate the free carrier mobility (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Screening of herbal extracts against multi‐drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Miyasaki Yoko , Nichols W. Stephen , Morgan Margie A. , Kwan Jamie A. , Van Benschoten M. M. , Kittell Patricia Emmett , Hardy W. David
Published: February 2010

Antibiotic resistance is increasing resulting in a decreasing number of fully active antimicrobial agents available to treat infections with multi‐drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herbal medicines may offer alternative treatment options. A direct inoculation method simulating the standard disc diffusion assay was developed to determine in vitro antimicrobial activity of sixty herbal extracts against MDR‐Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). Eighteen herbal extracts inhibited MDR‐A. baumannii on agar plates, although the magnitude and quality of bacterial inhibition differed considerably among the antibacterial herbal extracts. Next, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these antibacterial herbal extracts was calculated using a broth microdilution assay. For most herbal extracts, the larger the zone of inhibition on agar plates, the lower the MIC. In general, hetero‐resistance on agar plates correlated with higher MIC. The skip well phenomenon was seen with two herbal extracts. In conclusion, 30% of the screened herbal extracts demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity against MDR‐A. baumannii using similar rigorous testing methods as those commonly employed for assessing antimicrobial activity of synthetic antibacterial agents. Characterization of a specific compound conferring this antibacterial activity of the herbal extracts may help to identify novel antimicrobial agents active against highly resistant bacteria. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Random graphs with forbidden vertex degrees
Authors: Grimmett Geoffrey , Janson Svante
Published: February 2010

We study the random graph Gn,λ/n conditioned on the event that all vertex degrees lie in some given subset $ {\cal S} $ of the nonnegative integers. Subject to a certain hypothesis on $ {\cal S} $, the empirical distribution of the vertex degrees is asymptotically Poisson with some parameter $ \hat{\mu} $ given as the root of a certain “characteristic equation” of $ {\cal S} $ that maximizes a certain function $ {\psi_{\cal S}(\mu)} $. Subject to a hypothesis on $ {\cal S} $, we obtain a partial description of the structure of such a random graph, including a condition for the existence (or not) of a giant component. The requisite hypothesis is in many cases benign, and applications are presented to a number of choices for the set $ {\cal S} $ including the sets of (respectively) even and odd numbers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010
A system of grabbing particles related to Galton‐Watson trees
Authors: Bertoin Jean , Sidoravicius Vladas , Vares Maria Eulalia
Published: February 2010

We consider a system of particles with arms that are activated randomly to grab other particles as a toy model for polymerization. We assume that the following two rules are fulfilled: once a particle has been grabbed then it cannot be grabbed again, and an arm cannot grab a particle that belongs to its own cluster. We are interested in the shape of a typical polymer in the situation when the initial number of monomers is large and the numbers of arms of monomers are given by i.i.d. random variables. Our main result is a limit theorem for the empirical distribution of polymers, where limit is expressed in terms of a Galton‐Watson tree. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010
Network‐initiated simultaneous mobility in voice over 3GPP‐WLAN
Authors: Chiang Wei‐Kuo , Chang Wen‐Yen
Published: February 2010

VoIP over WLAN (VoWLAN) gradually has become a popular application with the fast maturing of both WLAN and Voice over IP (VoIP) technology. However there exists one problem that heavily affects the satisfaction of the users which is that the mobility of the mobile host (MH) can disrupt or even intermittently disconnect an ongoing real‐time session. Therefore the issue of how to reduce the handover delay gets more and more important. This paper proposes a Network‐Initiated SimUltaneouS mobility (NISUS) mechanism to facilitate terminal mobility with the session initiation protocol (SIP) in Voice over 3GPP‐WLAN. We design the E2E tunnel state model running on the packet data gateway (PDG) referring to the CAMEL concept. The NISUS is triggered at the PDG by detecting the state transition of the E2E tunnel state model that represents the occurrence of a handover. Then the PDG sends the handover request to notify the Mobility Server (MS) to perform a third party call control (3PCC) and a third party registration on behalf of the MH in parallel for session re‐establishment. With the help of the MS we ensure the lost signaling messages could be correctly re‐sent to moving hosts. Moreover the Master‐Slave Determination procedures derived from H.245 are proposed for the MS in order to handle the racing conditions fairly when two MSs involved in a simultaneous mobility issue 3PCC calls respectively at about the same time. We demonstrate the NISUS works well in the simultaneous and non‐simultaneous movement cases. Analytical results show that the handover delay can be improved significantly by using the NISUS compared with the mobile‐initiated simultaneous/non‐simultaneous mobility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic Counseling for Fetal Abnormalities in a South African Community
Authors: Todd Caryn , Haw Tabitha , Kromberg Jennifer , Christianson Arnold
Published: February 2010

Fetal abnormalities are congenital abnormalities identified prenatally. Women who have a fetal abnormality detected often have to make difficult decisions regarding continuation or termination of the pregnancy. The aims of this research project were: to investigate some of the factors that influenced the decision to terminate a pregnancy in which fetal abnormalities were diagnosed; and to determine the implications for genetic counseling practice in South Africa. The study was retrospective and file‐based. A total of 171 women counseled for fetal abnormalities, between 2002 and 2006, were identified and relevant data were collected from their records. Altogether 116/170 (68.2%) women were offered termination of pregnancy, and 73/113 (65%) requested the procedure. Early gestation, gestation at the time termination was offered, and ethnicity of the patient, were significantly associated with a termination request. Black patients were less likely to request termination, but more likely to receive a late diagnosis than other patients. Genetic counselors need to adopt an advocacy and educational role to improve this situation. Furthermore, a better understanding of the cultural and ethnicity‐related issues is required.
Annona squamosa and Catunaregam nilotica Seeds, the Effect of the Extraction Method on the Oil Composition
Authors: Mariod Abdalbasit Adam , Elkheir Sara , Ahmed Yousif Mohamed , Matthäus Bertrand
Published: February 2010

Annona squamosa and Catunaregam nilotica seeds and oils were characterized for their approximate analysis and physico‐chemical properties. The oil and protein contents were 26.8, 17.5 and 40.0, 22.2%, in A. squamosa and C. nilotica seeds, respectively. The oils were extracted using cold extraction (CE) and Soxhlet extraction (SE) methods. Fatty acids and tocopherols were determined by GC–MS and HPLC, respectively. Generally the physico‐chemical properties and fatty acids were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the extraction methods. The major fatty acids of A. squamosa oil extracted by CE and SE were oleic 49.2 and 50.5%, linoleic 22.3 and 22.7%, palmitic 15.6 and 15.2%, and stearic 10.6 and 9.3%, respectively. While the major fatty acids in C. nilotica oil extracted by CE and SE were oleic 10.5, and 10.4%, linoleic 63.1 and 63.4%, palmitic 9.7 and 9.8% and stearic 5.1 and 5.4%, respectively. The tocopherol content of CE and SE extracted oils from A. squamosa amounted to 16.6 and 15.5 and from C. nilotica amounted to 110.5 and 107.7 mg/100 g oil, respectively, with delta‐tocopherol as the predominant tocopherol in A. squamosa oil, and beta‐tocopherol in C. nilotica oil. The total amount of amino acids was found to be 7.266 and 14.202 g/100 g protein, in seeds of A. squamosa and C. nilotica, respectively.
Le don de sperme en Belgique: entre loi et pratique
Authors: Debry J.-M.
Published: February 2010

Au même titre que les autres pratiques du domaine des procréations médicalement assistées (PMA), l’IAD (insémination avec sperme de donneur) bénéficie, en Belgique, d’un encadrement législatif étroit qui se limite toutefois au cadre dans lequel cette pratique est autorisée et qui en permet légalement l’accès, depuis 2007, aux couples de lesbiennes et aux femmes seules. C’est un avis du comité national d’éthique de 2004 qui précise avec toutefois les diverses déclinaisons habituelles propres au pays pluriel qu’est la Belgique, ce qui est recommandé. De façon évidente et apparemment consensuelle, l’accès à l’identité du donneur semble devoir être exclu pour le moment, même si une porte reste ouverte, principalement à l’attention et à la demande expresse des lesbiennes et femmes seules, sur la divulgation d’informations non identifiantes du donneur, autres que celles qui tiennent à son seul phénotype.
The People's Science
Authors: Thompson Noel W.
Published: February 2010

The work details the emergence, in the post-Napoleonic War period, of a growing popular interest in the critical potentialities of political economy. It considers why this occurred and discusses how the conceptual and analytical tools of political economy were utilised to formulate a critique of early industrial capitalism. The book examines the theories of labour exploitation and capitalist crisis which represented the essence of that critique both as they were elaborated by early-nineteenth-century British anti-capitalist and socialist writers and as they were popularised by writers in the working-class press of the period 1816–34. The book argues that by 1834 in consequence of the efforts of writers such as Hodgskin, Thompson, Gray, Owen and their popularisers the foundations of a distinctively anti-capitalist and socialist political economy had been established and widely disseminated. But these foundations were theoretically flawed. They were flawed by an overconcentration on the sphere of exchange which derived from a particular conception of the determination of exchange value under capitalism; an overconcentration which led on to the suggestion of remedies for the problem of working-class poverty and distress which were necessarily doomed to failure.
Economic Development of Latin America
Authors: Furtado Celso
Published: February 2010

This is an introductory survey of the history and recent development of Latin American economy and society from colonial times to the establishment of the military regime in Chile. In the second edition the historical perspective has been enlarged and important events since the Cuban Revolution, such as the agrarian reforms of Peru and Chile, the difficulties of the Central America Common Market and LAFTA, the acceleration of industrialisation in Brazil and the consolidation of the Cuban economy, are discussed. The statistical information has been extended to the early 1970s and the demographic data to 1975.
Re-orienting Western Feminisms
Authors: Bulbeck Chilla
Published: February 2010

The agenda of contemporary western feminism focuses on equal participation in work and education, reproductive rights, and sexual freedom. But what does feminism mean to the women of rural India who work someone else's fields, young Thai girls in the sex industry in Bangkok, or Filipino maids working for wealthy women in Hong Kong? In this 1998 book, Chilla Bulbeck presents a bold challenge to the hegemony of white, western feminism in this incisive and wide-ranging exploration of the lived experiences of 'women of colour'. She examines debates on human rights, family relationships, sexuality, and notions of the individual and community to show how their meanings and significance in different parts of the world contest the issues which preoccupy contemporary Anglophone feminists. She then turns the focus back on Anglo culture to illustrate how the theories and politics of western feminism are viewed by non-western women.
Orientalism, Modernism, and the American Poem
Authors: Kern Robert
Published: February 2010

This is a critical and historical interpretation of 'Oriental' influences on American modernist poetry. Kern equates Fenollosa and Pound's 'discovery' of Chinese writing with the American pursuit of a natural language for poetry, what Emerson had termed the 'language of nature'. This language of nature is here shown to be a mythic conception continuous with the Renaissance idea of the language of Adam - a language lacking any difference between what it is and what it means. Through analysing and contextualising the nineteenth-century works of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Ernest Fenollosa and the twentieth-century creations of Ezra Pound and Gary Snyder, Kern sheds light on the three contemporary nexuses of his search: the cultural study of Orientalism and the West, the evolution of Indo-European linguistic theory, and the intellectual tradition of American modernist poetry.
Hegelianism
Authors: Toews John Edward
Published: February 2010

This is a study of the rise of Hegelian thought throughout the intellectual world and in Germany in the first half of the nineteenth century. The book has three interrelated purposes. First, it constitutes the first synthetic description and comprehensive reconstruction of the historical genesis and humanist transformation of Hegelian ideology. Secondly, the study addresses the problem of recurrent patterns of hope and disillusionment in the successive phases of dialectical thought. Finally, the book is concerned with ideological responses to the experience of communal and religious disintegration.
Heidegger, Philosophy, Nazism
Authors: Young Julian
Published: February 2010

Since 1945, and particularly since the facts of the 'Heidegger case' became widely known in 1987, an enormous number of words have been devoted to establishing not only Heidegger's involvement with Nazism, but also that his philosophy is irredeemably discredited thereby. This book, while in no way denying the depth or seriousness of Heidegger's political involvement (on the contrary, new aspects of it are disclosed), challenges this tide of opinion, arguing that his philosophy is not compromised in any of its phases, and that acceptance of it is fully consistent with a deep commitment to liberal democracy. This striking thesis is grounded in an astute examination of Heidegger's thought that will provide the reader with a clear and valuable exposition of the philosophy of one of the twentieth century's greatest thinkers.
An Introduction to Granular Flow
Authors: Rao K. Kesava , Nott Prabhu R.
Published: February 2010

The flow of granular materials such as sand, snow, coal, and catalyst particles is common occurrence in natural and industrial settings. The mechanics of these materials is not well understood. They are important since a large fraction of the materials handled and processed in the chemical, metallurgical, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries are granular in nature. This book describes the theories for granular flow based mainly on continuum models although alternative discrete models are also discussed briefly. The level is appropriate for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students. The goal is to inform the reader about observed phenomena, some available models, and their shortcomings and to visit some issues that remain unresolved. There is a selection of problems at the end of the chapters to encourage exploration, and extensive references are provided.
Introduction to Banach Algebras, Operators, and Harmonic Analysis
Authors: Dales H. Garth , Aiena Pietro , Eschmeier Jörg , Laursen Kjeld , Willis George A.
Published: February 2010

This work has arisen from lecture courses given by the authors on important topics within functional analysis. The authors, who are all leading researchers, give introductions to their subjects at a level ideal for beginning graduate students, and others interested in the subject. The collection has been carefully edited so as to form a coherent and accessible introduction to current research topics. The first chapter by Professor Dales introduces the general theory of Banach algebras, which serves as a background to the remaining material. Dr Willis then studies a centrally important Banach algebra, the group algebra of a locally compact group. The remaining chapters are devoted to Banach algebras of operators on Banach spaces: Professor Eschmeier gives all the background for the exciting topic of invariant subspaces of operators, and discusses some key open problems; Dr Laursen and Professor Aiena discuss local spectral theory for operators, leading into Fredholm theory.
The Search for a Naturalistic World View
Authors: Shimony Abner
Published: February 2010

Abner Shimony is one of the most eminent of present-day philosophers of science, whose work has exerted a profound influence in both the philosophy and physics communities. This two-volume 1993 collection of his essays written over a period of forty years explores the interrelations between science and philosophy. Shimony regards the knowing subject as an entity in nature whose faculties must be studied from the points of view of evolutionary biology and empirical psychology. He maintains that the twentieth century is one of the great ages of metaphysics, given the deep implications of quantum mechanics, relativity theory and molecular biology. Nevertheless he rejects the thesis that mentality is entirely explicable in physical terms and argues that mind has a fundamental place in nature. Though distinguishing between values and scientifically established facts, Shimony holds that the sense of wonder cultivated by the natural sciences is one of the noblest of human values.
Fiction against History
Authors: Kerr James
Published: February 2010

Walter Scott was acutely conscious of the fictionality of his historical novels. In this 1989 book, James Kerr reads the Waverley novels as a grand fictional project constructed around the relationship between the language of fiction and historical reality. We can see throughout Scott's novels a tension between the romancer, recasting the events of the past in accordance with recognizably literary logics, and the historian, presenting an accurate account of the past. This contradiction, reflected in Scott's generic mixture of romance and realism, remains unresolved, even in the most self-conscious of his works. It is in this interplay of fiction and history that Professor Kerr identifies the rich complexity of the Waverley novels.
Vegetable intake in Korea: data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998, 2001 and 2005
Authors: Lee Jung-Sug , Kim Jeongseon
Published: February 2010

The purpose of the present study was to analyse vegetable intake by the Korean population based on different meal formats. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to assess daily vegetable intake and consumption ratio of vegetables for different meal types/dining locations. Analysis was stratified by sex and age group. Daily vegetable intake increased from 293·5 g in 1998 to 305·7 g in 2001 and to 335·9 g in 2005. Findings were similar in men and women, as well as in each age group. Analyses for each meal type revealed that vegetable intake during breakfast did not substantially change, but vegetable intake increased during lunch and dinner. While vegetable consumption ratio during breakfast decreased, it increased during lunch and snack time. Men and women showed similar change in the analysis for meal types and dining locations. There were some differences between the age groups in daily vegetable intake depending on the meal type. Another notable observation was the increasing change of vegetable intake during lunch and during meals eaten at cafeterias and restaurants in all the age groups. Analysis of vegetable consumption ratio showed an increased consumption in cafeterias, restaurants, and other places and decreased vegetable intake at home for those aged 16–64 years with time. Since this change may be related to improvements in socioeconomic status, it will be necessary to further investigate difference in vegetable intake based on socioeconomic levels within the population.
Maternal low-protein diet during mouse pre-implantation development induces vascular dysfunction and altered renin–angiotensin-system homeostasis in the offspring
Authors: Watkins Adam J. , Lucas Emma S. , Torrens Christopher , Cleal Jane K. , Green Lauren , Osmond Clive , Eckert Judith J. , Gray William P. , Hanson Mark A. , Fleming Tom P.
Published: February 2010

Environmental perturbations during early mammalian development can affect aspects of offspring growth and cardiovascular health. We have demonstrated previously that maternal gestational dietary protein restriction in mice significantly elevated adult offspring systolic blood pressure. Therefore, the present study investigates the key mechanisms of blood pressure regulation in these mice. Following mating, female MF-1 mice were assigned to either a normal-protein diet (NPD; 18 % casein) or an isocaloric low-protein diet throughout gestation (LPD; 9 % casein), or fed the LPD exclusively during the pre-implantation period (3·5 d) before returning to the NPD for the remainder of gestation (Emb-LPD). All offspring received standard chow. At 22 weeks, isolated mesenteric arteries from LPD and Emb-LPD males displayed significantly attenuated vasodilatation to isoprenaline (P = 0·04 andP = 0·025, respectively), when compared with NPD arteries. At 28 weeks, stereological analysis of glomerular number in female left kidneys revealed no significant difference between the groups. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of type 1a angiotensin II receptor, Na+/K+ATPase transporter subunits and glucocorticoid receptor expression in male and female left kidneys revealed no significant differences between the groups. LPD females displayed elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity (P = 0·044), whilst Emb-LPD males had elevated lung ACE activity (P = 0·001), when compared with NPD offspring. These data demonstrate that elevated offspring systolic blood pressure following maternal gestational protein undernutrition is associated with impaired arterial vasodilatation in male offspring, elevated serum and lung ACE activity in female and male offspring, respectively, but kidney glomerular number in females and kidney gene expression in male and female offspring appear unaffected.
The Copland–Sessions Letters
Authors: Olmstead Andrea
Published: February 2010

Significantly, two of the best known 20th-century American composers, both Brooklyn-born, did not meet each other on US soil. Aaron Copland and Roger Sesssions first met in Paris in 1924 at Nadia Boulanger's apartment. In 1926 a long correspondence began that lasted until the 1970s, but which was concentrated in the decade 1926-1936: of the 107 extant letters between them, fully ninety fall into this decade. Clearly, in 1936, a falling out occurred between the two composers; at the end of this article, I shall hazard a hypothesis as to why.
‘Only travelling itself’: reflections on Luigi Nono (1924–1990)
Authors: Warnaby John
Published: February 2010

The death of Luigi Nono in May 1990 has occasioned surprisingly little comment, at least as far as this country is concerned. On the one hand, this may reflect a general lack of interest in the period of high modernism during the 1950s and early 1960s; and an assumption that, unlike his contemporaries, Nono failed to adapt his idiom when the influence of the avant-garde began to wane. On the other, it may be a symptom of British insularity, especially as regards artists who acquire a subversive reputation through their association with radical politics. Indications are that the latter explanation is more accurate. Three new recordings, emanating from foreign sources, prove decisively that Nono modified his compositional methods quite substantially throughout his career.
Richard Strauss A Cappella
Authors: Blezzard Judith
Published: February 2010

Recently there has been a revival of interest in the music of Richard Strauss, and in Britain more attention has been paid to his lesser-known works. The symphonic poems such as Don Juan and Till Eulenspiegel, along with operas such as Salome, Etektra and Der Rosmkavalier, have never lapsed from the performance and recording repertoires. But the undeserved neglect of pieces such as the Duett-Concertino for clarinet and bassoon, and operas that rarely reach the stage in this country, such as Die Frau ohne Schatten, has begun to be remedied. A new development which can be seen as both cause and effect of this revival is the appearance of books in English dealing with Strauss and his music. These include recent reissues of Norman del Mar's three-volume Richard Strauss: a Critical Commentary on his Life and Works (1962–72, reprinted with corrections 1978) and Michael Kennedy's Master Musicians volume reissued with additional material in 1988. The study by Willi Schuh, whom Strauss chose as his biographer, was issued in 1982 in an English translation by Mary Whittall entitled Richard Strauss: a Chronicle of the Early Years.
John Cage and the Glaswegian Circus: an interview around Musica Nova 1990
Authors: Turner Steve Sweeney
Published: February 2010

We would do the interview in the circle. It was clearing-up time after yet another rehearsal in the Henry Wood Hall, Glasgow, and I was following a slow-moving John Cage of 78 years up the stairs as he embarassingly held doors for me and explained the tight schedule he was bound by. He has now visited the U.K. three times in one year, taking in the Huddersfield, Almeida, and Glasgow's Musica Nova festivals, all in the middle of his usual jet-setting around the world which occupies the greater part of his year. With such tight schedules and a time-consuming specialised diet, it is incredible that he grants interviews at all. His usual answer – based, as ever, in his infamous non-intention – is: ‘because people ask me to!’ Non-intentionality has been his basic aesthetic position since at least the 1950s, and as I found out, he's still finding fresh nuances there. At least when he's got the time to sit down at his desk. Why does he do it?
Cardew's ‘Treatise’ (mainly the visual aspects)
Authors: Dennis Brian
Published: February 2010

Cornelius Cardew's 193–page Treatise is the longest and most elaborate piece of Graphic Music ever made. Although it was intended for improvisation and realization, using as many or as few pages as required, and with no fixed rules of interpretation, the piece can be regarded as a graphic construction inspired by music – and with ‘music’, in the broadest sense, as its subject matter. It was influenced by the philosophy of Frege and Wittgenstein, and in particular the latter's exhaustive treatise Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, which not only inspired the title but almost certainly the composer's economical approach to this endeavour and the rigorous development of his material. It was composed from 1963 to 67.
The Music of Roman Ledenev
Authors: McBurney Gerard
Published: February 2010

Gradually the picture of Russian music in our century begins to fill out. The modernists of 70 or 80 years ago like Mossolov and Roslavets are beginning to make the nervous transition from text-book to performance. The constant revaluation of Shostakovich and Stravinsky makes for a couple of flourishing industries. And some living composers like Schnittke and Gubaidulina have produced works which seem almost to have been accepted as part of the repertoire
Webern, the BBC and the Berg Violin Concerto
Authors: Foreman Lewis
Published: February 2010

The simplistic commentator would sometimes have it that, compared to elsewhere in Europe, British music–making between the wars was insular and inward–looking. This is not strictly true; and it very much depended on where you were. While in some quarters there was a strong conviction of the superiority of the British music that had emerged since Elgar, there was also widespread and increasing interest in what was happening on the Continent, as exemplified in the activities of Arthur Bliss, Eugene Goossens and later Constant Lambert and Frank Bridge, and the journalism of Havergal Brian. It was, of course, true that the new composers presented by the Diaghilev ballet attracted a wide following, not only for the brilliance of the ballets themselves but also for their high quality of orchestral performance, at a time when British orchestras were not renowned for their performance standards. Many British composers of the time were also performed abroad, far more than might now be realized, and the new music from Europe was heard in London. Particularly after the inception of the ISCM Festivals in 1922, with British musicians playing a leading role in their organization, an awareness of the latest trends in Europe was widely felt in UK musical circles — though certain idioms, particularly those of the Second Viennese School and some works of Bartók, would not become accepted by the wider public until the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, Sir Henry Wood and Sir Adrian Boult, in particular, performed new music in all styles.
Shadows and Acclamations: The Cello Music Of Arne Nordheim
Authors: Rickards Guy
Published: February 2010

Arne Nordheim was sixty years old last year. Although he is one of Europe's foremost composers, the event went largely unnoticed outside of Norway, his home country, in the bicentenary of Mozart's death and (to a considerably lesser extent) the centenary of Prokofiev's birth. To be sure, Nordheim was a featured composer in various festivals – Zürich (ISCM) and Huddersfield not least – but in London, allegedly the music capital of Europe, barely a note was sounded. The Proms passed him by (though here Nordheim was in very good company; the 70th birthdays of Robert Simpson and Malcolm Arnold, as well as Einar Englund's 75th, were similarly unmarked). Even Radio 3 failed to allocate him a This Week's Composers slot (unlike Arnold and Sir Arthur Bliss).
The Music of Magnus Lindberg
Authors: Warnaby John
Published: February 2010

Among composers born in the 1950s, who witnessed the decline of the post-war avant-garde – together with its most cherished principle, integral serialism – the Finn Magnus Lindberg has produced some of the most challenging responses. It is tempting to attach considerable significance to Lindberg's national origins. Born in 1958, he belongs to a particularly vital generation of Finnish composers whose output extends from traditional symphonic forms to experimental creations involving electroacoustic and computer technology. On the one hand, they have benefitted from the example of composers (such as Aulis Sallinen) who emerged from Sibelius's shadow not only by founding a strong operatic tradition, but also by generating their own brand of orchestral music. On the other, several of the younger generation have continued the practice of studying abroad, though without sacrificing their independence from the European mainstream.
Visible and Audible Structures: Spatio-Temporal Compromise in Ligeti's Magyar Etüdök
Authors: Aluas Luminita
Published: February 2010

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate, by examining György Ligeti's cycle of three pieces for double choir, what I call his compromise between temporal forms that possess their own microcosmic history and latent drama, and architectural patterns of his music that are endowed with a purely spatial coherence. I hope to demonstrate that an analysis of the aesthetic concepts at work in Ligeti's pieces might lead to a somewhat non-traditional approach in elaborating analytical strategies of modern music.