bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Level of implementation of district health information system 2 at public health facilities in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mekebo Merkineh , Gobena Tesfaye , Hawulte Behailu , Tamiru Dawit , Debella Adera , Yadeta Elias , Eyeberu Addis
Published: October 2022

Objective

The major aim of this study was to assess the level of District health information system 2 (DHIS 2) implementation in the public health facilities (HFs) in Dire Dawa City Administration.

Methods

This study was employed both quantitative (cross-sectional) and qualitative (phenomenological) study designs. All public HFs found in Dire Dawa City Administration and health workers were participated in the study. Quantitative data were collected using a pre-tested, structured, self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi-Data and analyzed using STATA version 14 software. A descriptive summary was computed using proportion and frequencies. Qualitative data were collected from in-depth interview with key informants (KIs), and the results were then analyzed thematically.

Results

The overall implementation level of DHIS 2 was 80%, which shows good implementation. The main difficulties encountered in implementing DHIS 2 were a lack of power backup (64.3%), unreliable internet connectivity (43%), and a lack of training (34.6%). According to an in-depth interview with a 32-year-old professional, “…there is offline and online DHIS 2 software for data collection and reporting that is an opportunity for the health center, but there is a challenge of interruption of electricity lost unsaved data and hinder data to enter and view for making a decision….”

Conclusion

The level of DHIS 2 implementation in this study was good compared to other studies in Ethiopia. However, more than half of the HFs require infrastructure maintenance and support.
The Sports-Based Holistic Development Model: The General Public’s Transformation by Having a Meaningful Story Through Sport
Authors: Lee Seung Pil
Published: October 2022

Despite an increasing expectation of sports’ potential as contributors to society, not many studies have longitudinally examined their social, economic, and cultural outcomes. This study proposes an integrated conceptual model to enhance the holistic understanding of sports-based development initiative. Applying this model to the “Vision 2030: Live Better through Sport” road map in Singapore, the longitudinal study empirically shows that the public’s participation in grassroots sports activities is a fundamental engine of sports-based holistic development for multi-dimensional outcomes among grassroots, elite, and mega sports dynamics. Also, this study presents a general sport system model to describe the mechanism for social impacts and longitudinal outcomes in the sports-based development initiatives, which provides strategic guideline for project monitoring and evaluation for the actual outcomes. Importantly, the findings offer policy insights into the public’s transformation by having a meaningful story through sport as a high leverage point in the sport-based holistic development system.
Preparedness to Respond to Family Violence: A Cross-Sectional Study Across Clinical Areas
Authors: Withiel T. D. , Sheridan S. , Rudd N. , Fisher C. A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Family violence (FV) is one of the most urgent health issues of our generation. While nurses play a vital role in identifying and supporting victim/survivors of violence, little is known about nursing readiness to respond across clinical areas.

Objective

This study aimed to compare and contrast the knowledge, confidence, clinical skills, and perceived barriers of nurses across three clinical areas of a tertiary trauma hospital in Melbourne, Australia, in responding to FV.

Method

A prospective, mixed methods design was used. The nursing staff at a large trauma hospital were approached to participate. Participants completed a brief online survey to quantify clinician-reported knowledge, clinical skills, and barriers to managing FV.

Results

Two hundred and forty-two nursing staff electronically completed a brief survey to capture self-reported confidence, knowledge, clinical skills, and barriers to working effectively in the area. The descriptive analysis reflected service-wide deficits in knowledge, confidence, and self-reported clinical skills, irrespective of the work area. Deficits were identified on a background of limited structured training for FV among this cohort. Significantly higher rates of FV confidence and knowledge were identified among emergency department nurses relative to acute and subacute clinical counterparts.

Conclusion

Nurse respondents overall reported low rates of confidence, knowledge, and clinical skills in responding to disclosures of FV. Findings reinforce the need for imbedded training programs to support frontline responses.
Including Information on Overdiagnosis in Shared Decision Making: A Review of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Aids
Authors: Pathirana Thanya I. , Pickles Kristen , Riikonen Jarno M. , Tikkinen Kari A. O. , Bell Katy J. L. , Glasziou Paul
Published: October 2022

Background. Overdiagnosis is an accepted harm of cancer screening, but studies of prostate cancer screening decision aids have not examined provision of information important in communicating the risk of overdiagnosis, including overdiagnosis frequency, competing mortality risk, and the high prevalence of indolent cancers in the population. Methods. We undertook a comprehensive review of all publicly available decision aids for prostate cancer screening, published in (or translated to) the English language, without date restrictions. We included all decision aids from a recent systematic review and screened excluded studies to identify further relevant decision aids. We used a Google search to identify further decision aids not published in peer reviewed medical literature. Two reviewers independently screened the decision aids and extracted information on communication of overdiagnosis. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or by consulting a third author. Results. Forty-one decision aids were included out of the 80 records identified through the search. Most decision aids ( n = 32, 79%) did not use the term overdiagnosis but included a description of it ( n = 38, 92%). Few ( n = 7, 17%) reported the frequency of overdiagnosis. Little more than half presented the benefits of prostate cancer screening before the harms ( n = 22, 54%) and only 16, (39%) presented information on competing risks of mortality. Only 2 ( n = 2, 5%) reported the prevalence of undiagnosed prostate cancer in the general population. Conclusion. Most patient decision aids for prostate cancer screening lacked important information on overdiagnosis. Specific guidance is needed on how to communicate the risks of overdiagnosis in decision aids, including appropriate content, terminology and graphical display.

Highlights

Most patient decision aids for prostate cancer screening lacks important information on overdiagnosis. Specific guidance is needed on how to communicate the risks of overdiagnosis.
Labor market tightness and individual wage growth: evidence from Germany
Authors: Brunow Stephan , Lösch Stefanie , Okhrin Ostap
Published: October 2022

It is often stated that certain occupations in Germany, because of “Demographic Change“, are dwindling, implying a labor shortage. We investigate the 10-year wage growth of young employees entering the labor market in different occupations. Our findings suggest that regional labor market tightness in occupational fields significantly explains wage growth. Individuals who start their careers in a tighter labor market enjoy higher wage growth than workers in more relaxed labor markets. We identify some occupational fields where the effect is especially strong, such as several engineering groups, IT occupations, technicians, and some commercial occupations. Interestingly, health-care occupations reveal a reverse relation.
Functional analysis revealed the involvement of ZmABCB15 in resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus infection
Authors: Yue Runqing , Sun Qi , Ding Jianguo , Li Wenlan , Li Wencai , Zhao Meng , Lu Shouping , Zeng Tingru , Zhang Hua , Zhao Suxian , Tie Shuanggui , Meng Zhaodong
Published: October 2022

Background

Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD), caused by rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) belonging to the Fijivirus genus, seriously threatens maize production worldwide. Three susceptible varieties (Ye478, Zheng 58, and Zhengdan 958) and two resistant varieties (P138 and Chang7–2) were used in our study.

Results

A set of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB) transporter genes were screened to evaluate their possible involvements in RBSDV resistance. In the present study, ZmABCB15, an ABCB transporter family member, was cloned and functionally identified. Expression analysis showed that ZmABCB15 was significantly induced in the resistant varieties, not in the susceptible varieties, suggesting its involvement in resistance to the RBSDV infection. ZmABCB15 gene encodes a putative polar auxin transporter containing two trans-membrane domains and two P-loop nucleotide-binding domains. Transient expression analysis indicated that ZmABCB15 is a cell membrance localized protein. Over-expression of ZmABCB15 enhanced the resistance by repressing the RBSDV replication ratio. ZmABCB15 might participate in the RBSDV resistance by affecting the homeostasis of active and inactive auxins in RBSDV infected seedlings.

Conclusions

Polar auxin transport might participate in the RBSDV resistance by affecting the distribution of endogenous auxin among tissues. Our data showed the involvement of polar auxin transport in RBSDV resistance and provided novel mechanism underlying the auxin-mediated disease control technology.
Cervical muscle stiffness and parasympathetic nervous system improvements for treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Matsui Takayoshi , Hara Kazuhiro , Iwata Makoto , Hojo Shuntaro , Shitara Nobuyuki , Endo Yuzo , Fukuoka Hideoki , Matsui Masaki , Kawaguchi Hiroshi
Published: October 2022

Background

Although treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a major public health problem that increases mortality due to suicides, a considerable percentage of patients do not respond adequately to variable treatments. Patients with TRD sometimes have comorbid cervical stiffness. This observational study aims to examine the association of local modulation of cervical muscles with TRD and to learn the involvement of the parasympathetic nervous system in the underlying mechanism.

Methods

A total of 1103 hospitalized patients with TRD who were resistant to outpatient care were enrolled between May 2006 and October 2021. All patients underwent local modulation of the cervical muscles by physical therapy during hospitalization. The presence or absence of TRD and whole-body disorders, such as headache, dazzling, cervical stiffness, and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders, was determined by the patient’s subjectivity using the self-rated medical interview sheet at admission and discharge. Pupil light reflex parameters were also measured at admission and discharge using a binocular infrared pupilometer.

Results

The improvement rate of TRD during hospitalization was 72.1%, and did not differ significantly by sex, age, and hospitalization period. The improvement of TRD showed a strong association with those of cervical stiffness and dazzling, a pupil light reflex disorder (p < 0.001: odds ratios = 12.76 and 6.39, respectively), but not with those of headache or cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders (p > 0.05). In the TRD-improved patients, the pupil light reflex parameters representative of the parasympathetic nervous system function ameliorated: pupil diameter decreased, while constriction rate and velocity increased during hospitalization. In contrast, little amelioration of the parameters was seen in the TRD-unimproved patients.

Conclusions

Cervical muscle stiffness may be associated with TRD, possibly through dysfunction of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Trial registration

ID: UMIN000040590. First registration date: 30/05/2020.
Digital detection of dementia (D3): a study protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial examining the application of patient-reported outcomes and passive clinical decision support systems
Authors: Kleiman Michael J. , Plewes Abbi D. , Owora Arthur , Grout Randall W. , Dexter Paul Richard , Fowler Nicole R. , Galvin James E. , Miled Zina Ben , Boustani Malaz
Published: October 2022

Background

Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in a primary care setting is challenging due to time constraints and stigma. The implementation of scalable, sustainable, and patient-driven processes may improve early detection of ADRD; however, there are competing approaches; information may be obtained either directly from a patient (e.g., through a questionnaire) or passively using electronic health record (EHR) data. In this study, we aim to identify the benefit of a combined approach using a pragmatic cluster-randomized clinical trial.

Methods

We have developed a Passive Digital Marker (PDM), based on machine learning algorithms applied to EHR data, and paired it with a patient-reported outcome (the Quick Dementia Rating Scale or QDRS) to rapidly share an identified risk of impairment to a patient’s physician. Clinics in both south Florida and Indiana will be randomly assigned to one of three study arms: 1200 patients in each of the two populations will be administered either the PDM, the PDM with the QDRS, or neither, for a total of 7200 patients across all clinics and populations. Both incidence of ADRD diagnosis and acceptance into ADRD diagnostic work-up regimens is hypothesized to increase when patients are administered both the PDM and QDRS. Physicians performing the work-up regimens will be blind to the study arm of the patient.

Discussion

This study aims to test the accuracy and effectiveness of the two scalable approaches (PDM and QDRS) for the early detection of ADRD among older adults attending primary care practices. The data obtained in this study may lead to national early detection and management program for ADRD as an efficient and beneficial method of reducing the current and future burden of ADRD, as well as improving the annual rate of newly documented ADRD in primary care practices.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05231954. Registered February 9, 2022.
Functional capacity in community-dwelling older adults maintained by a higher friend network than family network: implications from a two-year longitudinal study
Authors: Takase Mai , Takahashi Kyo , Ogino Ryogo , Nitanai Ryoichi , Tanaka Tomoki , Saisho Shinya , Goto Jun , Iijima Katsuya
Published: October 2022

Objective

Maintaining a level of functional capacity is essential for healthy aging. In this research, the association between the change in the level of functional capacity and social network typology was explored over a two-year period. Participants were recruited from a community-based cohort study within Kashiwa City, Japan, and data from the years 2016 and 2018 were used. Cognitive functions, functional capacity, and social network typology were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence, and the Lubben Social Network Scale, respectively. Binomial logistic regression analysis was then conducted to evaluate the association of individuals’ personal network and their functional capacity.

Results

Results showed that, when compared to the group with both a high family and friend network, the group of community-dwelling older adults with both a low family and friend network (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34-1.00), and the group with a high family but low friend network demonstrated a lower functional capacity (OR:0.47, 95% CI: 0.26–0.85). Active social participation, facilitated by a friend network, could be a contributing factor to the maintenance of functional capacity.
Massive bleeding from gastric ulcer-induced splenic artery pseudoaneurysm successfully treated with transcatheter arterial embolization and surgery: a case report
Authors: Shidahara Hidetoshi , Fujikuni Nobuaki , Tanabe Kazuaki , Abe Tomoyuki , Nishihara Keisuke , Noriyuki Toshio , Nakahara Masahiro
Published: October 2022

Background

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a routine medical emergency. The most common non-variceal cause is peptic ulcer disease, while a rare presentation is peptic ulcer-induced splenic artery pseudoaneurysm (SAP). Primary endoscopic treatment is generally attempted for UGIB; however, it sometimes fails when arterial etiology is present. In such cases, either transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) or surgery is necessary, but the choice of treatment is controversial. We present a case that illustrates the utility of both approaches in a gastric ulcer-induced SAP.

Case presentation

A 33-year-old male presented with hemorrhagic shock secondary to UGIB. The source of bleeding was identified as an SAP that was caused by a gastric ulcer. TAE enabled temporary bleeding control despite the patient’s poor overall condition and limited blood transfusion capability. However, rebleeding occurred soon after stabilization. Ultimately, we performed proximal gastrectomy and splenic artery ligation, and the patient survived.

Conclusions

SAP is an uncommon occurrence, and angiographic information is important for correctly identifying the source of bleeding. The treatment for SAP bleeding is basically the same as for endoscopically unmanageable non-variceal UGIB, since TAE and surgery each have a different utility, depending on the situation. If surgery is performed, especially SA ligation and gastrectomy, it is important to consider the circulation of the spleen and residual stomach. Using TAE and laparotomy, we managed to save the life of the patient with massive hemorrhage under limited circumstances.
Two fully automated data-driven 3D whole-breast segmentation strategies in MRI for MR-based breast density using image registration and U-Net with a focus on reproducibility
Authors: Ying Jia , Cattell Renee , Zhao Tianyun , Lei Lan , Jiang Zhao , Hussain Shahid M. , Gao Yi , Chow H.-H. Sherry , Stopeck Alison T. , Thompson Patricia A. , Huang Chuan
Published: October 2022

Presence of higher breast density (BD) and persistence over time are risk factors for breast cancer. A quantitatively accurate and highly reproducible BD measure that relies on precise and reproducible whole-breast segmentation is desirable. In this study, we aimed to develop a highly reproducible and accurate whole-breast segmentation algorithm for the generation of reproducible BD measures. Three datasets of volunteers from two clinical trials were included. Breast MR images were acquired on 3 T Siemens Biograph mMR, Prisma, and Skyra using 3D Cartesian six-echo GRE sequences with a fat-water separation technique. Two whole-breast segmentation strategies, utilizing image registration and 3D U-Net, were developed. Manual segmentation was performed. A task-based analysis was performed: a previously developed MR-based BD measure, MagDensity, was calculated and assessed using automated and manual segmentation. The mean squared error (MSE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between MagDensity were evaluated using the manual segmentation as a reference. The test-retest reproducibility of MagDensity derived from different breast segmentation methods was assessed using the difference between the test and retest measures (Δ2-1), MSE, and ICC. The results showed that MagDensity derived by the registration and deep learning segmentation methods exhibited high concordance with manual segmentation, with ICCs of 0.986 (95%CI: 0.974-0.993) and 0.983 (95%CI: 0.961-0.992), respectively. For test-retest analysis, MagDensity derived using the registration algorithm achieved the smallest MSE of 0.370 and highest ICC of 0.993 (95%CI: 0.982-0.997) when compared to other segmentation methods. In conclusion, the proposed registration and deep learning whole-breast segmentation methods are accurate and reliable for estimating BD. Both methods outperformed a previously developed algorithm and manual segmentation in the test-retest assessment, with the registration exhibiting superior performance for highly reproducible BD measurements.
Risk factors for mental health in general population during SARS-COV2 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Biondi Francesca , Liparoti Marianna , Lacetera Angelica , Sorrentino Pierpaolo , Minino Roberta
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and its social restrictions have affected mental health globally. This systematic review aims to analyze the psychological responses of the general population and its related sociodemographic risk factors, excluding the most vulnerable groups (e.g., healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients and survivors, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases or preexisting psychiatric disorders). A reproducible search from June 2020 to February 2021 was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar, following the PRISMA guidelines. Papers that (1) considered the most at-risk populations, (2) did not report sociodemographic data, and (3) did not use validated scales were excluded from our analysis. Non-English papers and review articles were also excluded. Of 1116 papers identified, 25 were included for this review (n = 162,465). The main risk factors associated with the emergence of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder were: female gender, younger and later age, high level of education, Latino origin, free marital status, living quarantine in a house with no outdoor, negative coping strategies, close proximity to positive cases, high concern about contracting COVID-19 and living in a most affected area. High income, physical activity, resilience, family support, and a high level of knowledge about COVID-19, seems to be protective factors against the onset of psychological symptoms. In a general population, COVID-19 restrictions are linked to risk factors for psychological disorders caused by gender and sociodemographic conditions. In this regard governments should pay more attention to the public’s mental health and its risk and protective factors.
Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and plant density improve grain yield, nodulation capacity, and profitability of peas (Pisum sativum L.) on ferralsols in eastern D.R. Congo
Authors: Chuma Géant Basimine , Mulalisi Blaise , Mondo Jean Mubalama , Ndeko Adrien Byamungu , Bora Francine Safina , Bagula Espoir Mukengere , Mushagalusa Gustave Nachigera , Civava René
Published: October 2022

Sustaining high crop yield and profitability on marginal soils, such as degraded ferralsols, calls for the use of adequate farming practices. In this study, we assessed for four cropping seasons the effect of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer application doses (100, 150, and 200 kg ha−1) and plant densities (100,000, 166,666, and 250,000 plants ha−1) on growth, yield, nodulation capacity, and profitability of two pea varieties (Adei and Rwanda) under degraded ferralsols in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Results showed that pea growth, yield, nodulation, and profitability were significantly affected by the DAP dose and the plant density. Application of 150 kg ha−1 of DAP improved pea yields from 730 to 1720 kg ha−1 and nodulation from 17 to 22 nodules per plant. The number of active nodules was positively correlated with total number of nodules, DAP doses, yield parameters, and plant height. High grain yield was recorded during the long rainy season (1400 kg ha−1) compared to the short one (930 kg ha−1). All DAP doses were profitable according to the agronomic efficiency (AE) and value–cost ratio (VCR) analyses. For improved and profitable pea production on degraded South-Kivu ferralsols, applying 150 kg ha−1 of DAP combined with low plant density are to be recommended and preferably in the long rainy season.
The Age of the Author: Print and Precocity in the English Renaissance
Authors: Werlin Julianne
Published: October 2022

This essay describes how commercial publishing in Renaissance England made the age of authors newly salient, especially at the important moment of the literary debut. Drawing on a prosopographic survey of Tudor and early Stuart writers, the essay sketches the age structure of debut authorship, adding concrete detail to the much-discussed association between youth and literature in this era. It also shows how ideals such as precocity and categories such as juvenilia arose in response to the new possibilities and problems opened by dated publication.
Lessons from early life: understanding development to expand stem cells and treat cancers
Authors: Bain Fiona M. , Che James L. C. , Jassinskaja Maria , Kent David G.
Published: October 2022

Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal is a process that is essential for the development and homeostasis of the blood system. Self-renewal expansion divisions, which create two daughter HSCs from a single parent HSC, can be harnessed to create large numbers of HSCs for a wide range of cell and gene therapies, but the same process is also a driver of the abnormal expansion of HSCs in diseases such as cancer. Although HSCs are first produced during early embryonic development, the key stage and location where they undergo maximal expansion is in the foetal liver, making this tissue a rich source of data for deciphering the molecules driving HSC self-renewal. Another equally interesting stage occurs post-birth, several weeks after HSCs have migrated to the bone marrow, when HSCs undergo a developmental switch and adopt a more dormant state. Characterising these transition points during development is key, both for understanding the evolution of haematological malignancies and for developing methods to promote HSC expansion. In this Spotlight article, we provide an overview of some of the key insights that studying HSC development have brought to the fields of HSC expansion and translational medicine, many of which set the stage for the next big breakthroughs in the field.
A Faculdade de Filosofia de Minas Gerais e o projeto de cultura mineiro através da análise da revista Kriterion (1947-1965)
Authors: Miranda de Oliveira Paula
Published: October 2022

A partir da análise global da revista Kriterion iremos apontar as ideias presentes entre um grupo de professores da extinta Faculdade de Filosofia de Minas Gerais sobre a reformulação do sistema educacional que marcou a década de 1950 no Brasil. Vamos nos ater especialmente às propostas veiculadas para a solução da chamada “questão do ensino secundário”, tendo em vista o papel atribuído por eles à Faculdade de Filosofia na conformação das políticas educacionais em Minas Gerais. Para esses professores, a FAFI deveria articular a relação entre a universidade e ensino secundário por meio da formação de professores. Esse pressuposto era a base de um projeto de cultura que, para eles, proporcionaria o desenvolvimento pleno da sociedade mineira.
Entrevista de Santo Cruz Mariano Clemente
Authors: Luiza Freire de Castro França Bianca , Da Silva Braga Luiz Paulo , Pereira Neves Rachel , Haidar da Silva Vitor Hugo
Published: October 2022

Santo Cruz Mariano Clemente (Pu’cüracü, nome indígena) é formado como professor rural pelo projeto Rondon da Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (1979) e graduado em Antropologia, Sociologia e Filosofia pela Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (2010). Em 1982, entrou no Movimento Indígena junto com os professores e os Capitães das Aldeias Ticuna. É um dos sobreviventes do Massacre do Capacete (28 de março de 1988), atentado praticado por posseiros e madeireiros, que vitimou vários indígenas Ticuna. Entre os anos de 2000 e 2001, concluiu o curso de Magistério Indígena. Trabalhou na Educação durante 38 anos sempre defendendo os direitos indígenas, a preservação da cultura e do meio ambiente e a luta contra a discriminação. Entre 2015 e 2016 assumiu o cargo de Coordenador Técnico Local de Benjamin Constant (AM), como funcionário público Federal na FUNAI (Fundação Nacional do Índio). Atualmente, é diretor do Museu Magüta, desde abril de 2018.
Η βηματοδότηση στην πρόληψη της κολπικής μαρμαρυγής
Authors: Θωμαΐδη-Ντανασέλ Αντίνα
Published: October 2022

Η βηματοδότηση στην πρόληψη της κολπικής μαρμαρυγής Περίληψη Η ικανότητα των βηματοδοτικών αλγόριθμων πρόληψης ΚΜ σε ασθενείς με σύνδρομο ταχυκαρδίας-βραδυκαρδίας που έχουν ένδειξη εμφύτευσης διπλοεστιακόυ βηματοδότη DDDR δεν έχει αξιολογηθεί πλήρως. Ο σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης παρατήρησης ήταν να προσδιορίσει τις βηματοδοτικές παραμέτρους που σχετίζονται με το φορτίο της ΚΜ και να προσδιορίσει μια ομάδα ασθενών με το μέγιστο όφελος από τους βηματοδοτικούς αλγόριθμους πρόληψης ΚΜ. Συνολικά μελετήθηκαν 346 ασθενείς (69±5 ετών, 215 άρρενες) με ένδειξη εμφύτευσης μόνιμου βηματοδότη λόγω βραδυαρρυθμίας και με τεκμηριωμένα επεισόδια ΚΜ. Οι ασθενείς έλαβαν διπλοεστιακό βηματοδότη DDDR με διάφορους αλγόριθμους πρόληψης ΚΜ. Η εμφύτευση των ηλεκτροδίων έγινε στις συμβατικές θέσεις. Η παρακολούθηση έγινε ανά 6μηνο για 36 μήνες. Οι παράμετροι που αξιολογήθηκαν ήταν ο συνολικός αριθμός των επεισοδίων ΚΜ, ο συνολικός χρόνος σε ΚΜ, η μέγιστη διάρκεια επεισοδίου ΚΜ, η μέση διάρκεια των επεισοδίων ΚΜ, το φορτίο των ΚΕΣ και το ποσοστό της κολπικής και κοιλιακής βηματοδότησης. Η μελέτη έδειξε στατιστικά σημαντική μείωση της μέγιστης και μέσης διάρκειας των επεισοδίων ΚΜ στους πρώτους 18 μήνες (ANOVA P<0.01). Παράλληλα, παρατηρήθηκε μείωση του φορτίου της συμπτωματικής ΚΜ και μείωση της νοσηρότητας, της ανάγκης για νοσηλεία και βελτίωση της ποιότητας ζωής των ασθενών. Ο συνολικός αριθμός των επεισοδίων ΚΜ, η συνολική διάρκεια σε ΚΜ και το φορτίο ΚΕΣ δεν παρουσίασαν σημαντική μεταβολή κατά τη διάρκεια της παρακολούθησης. Παρατηρήθηκε σημαντική διακύμανση της ανταπόκρισης στη θεραπεία τόσο ανάμεσα στους ασθενείς, όσο και στον ίδιο τον ασθενή κατά τη διάρκεια της παρακολούθησης, κάνοντας απαραίτητο τον τακτικό επαναπρογραμματισμό των παραμέτρων λειτουργίας των συσκευών. Οι βηματοδοτικοί αλγόριθμοι πρόληψης ΚΜ έχουν μεγάλη διακύμανση της απόκρισης και έχουν σχετικά βραχυπρόθεσμη ωφέλεια που αφορά κυρίως ορισμένα χαρακτηριστικά των επεισοδίων ΚΜ, χωρίς να επηρεάζουν το συνολικό φορτίο ΚΜ. Λόγω της πολυπλοκότητας των μηχανισμών της ΚΜ και τις μεγάλης διακύμανσης στην ανταπόκριση στη θεραπεία, ακόμα και στον ίδιο ασθενή, ο τακτικός έλεγχος και η ανάλυση των παραμέτρων και η ανάλογη προσαρμογή τους είναι απαραίτητα για τη μεγιστοποίηση του οφέλους από τη θεραπεία.
Living HTA: Automating Health Economic Evaluation with R
Authors: Smith Robert A. , Schneider Paul P. , Mohammed Wael
Published: October 2022

Background: Requiring access to sensitive data can be a significant obstacle for the development of health models in the Health Economics & Outcomes Research (HEOR) setting. We demonstrate how health economic evaluation can be conducted with minimal transfer of data between parties, while automating reporting as new information becomes available.

Methods: We developed an automated analysis and reporting pipeline for health economic modelling and made the source code openly available on a GitHub repository. The pipeline consists of three parts: An economic model is constructed by the consultant using pseudo data. On the data-owner side, an application programming interface (API) is hosted on a server. This API hosts all sensitive data, so that data does not have to be provided to the consultant. An automated workflow is created, which calls the API, retrieves results, and generates a report.

Results: The application of modern data science tools and practices allows analyses of data without the need for direct access – negating the need to send sensitive data. In addition, the entire workflow can be largely automated: the analysis can be scheduled to run at defined time points (e.g. monthly), or when triggered by an event (e.g. an update to the underlying data or model code); results can be generated automatically and then be exported into a report. Documents no longer need to be revised manually.

Conclusions: This example demonstrates that it is possible, within a HEOR setting, to separate the health economic model from the data, and automate the main steps of the analysis pipeline.
NHS staff tattoo policies in England: time for an update?
Authors: Bilham Stephen , Barron Carol
Published: October 2022

Stephen Bilham and Carol Barron review organisational policy on tattoos for NHS staff in England, explaining how these dress codes reflect views of tattoos that may be out of touch with today's society.
Rethinking assessment for interprofessional learning during COVID-19: steering a middle course
Authors: McLarnon Nichola , Hutchings Maggie , O'Carroll Veronica , Wetzlmair Lisa-Christin , Blumenthal Sharron , Boyle Louise , El-Awaisi Alla , Greaves Jane , Park Vikki , Power Alison
Published: October 2022

This is the sixth article in a series exploring interprofessional education during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article will focus on the considerations and adaptations made to assessing interprofessional education during this time. It will explore the alternative assessment strategies used by faculty, the modality of assessment and the tools used, student and faculty experiences and the challenges faced by both during the rapid pivot to remote learning and assessment.
Canine mange, part 1: causes and diagnosis
Authors: Curtis Cathy
Published: October 2022

‘Mange’, defined as the parasitic infestation of the skin of humans and animals with mites, is an ancient disease, the name of which finds its origins in Middle English ‘manjewe’. Despite our long medical and veterinary relationship with mites, these microscopic creatures continue to be responsible for a lot of human and animal suffering globally, as they frequently evade detection and, until relatively recently, have been difficult, laborious and unpleasant to treat. This review of canine mange will be divided into two parts, with part 1 devoted to causes and diagnosis and part 2 looking at treatment and management.
Malnutrition in dogs and cats
Authors: Gajanayake Isuru
Published: October 2022

Malnutrition is the process of body weight, fat and muscle loss associated with acute and chronic illnesses. This syndrome is well defined in people and its diagnosis is based on specific clinical criteria. Unlike in humans, malnutrition in dogs and cats is poorly recognised. This clinical review will highlight the key features of malnutrition in dogs and cats and discuss the clinical methods (such as body and muscle condition scoring) to assess patients for this problem. The nutritional requirements (including calories, macronutrients, micronutrients) to prevent and correct malnutrition will also be highlighted. Finally, the practical steps that can be taken to address malnutrition, including enteral and parenteral feeding techniques, will be outlined.
Using the British National Formulary app to support safe prescribing: a practical guide
Authors: Porter Sally
Published: October 2022

This article is a practical guide to using the British National Formulary (BNF) and BNF for Children (BNFC) App more effectively, to support safe prescribing. It provides a brief overview of app layout and navigation. Features that support safe prescribing are then explored, focusing on drug monographs and the Interactions Checker tool; examples are used for illustration. Location of information that is particularly relevant to prescribers is highlighted. The BNF app provides prescribers with fast, convenient access to validated, current information. However, it may need to be supplemented by other sources, and knowledge is only one element of the competencies needed to be a safe, effective prescriber.
Teleorthodontics: a patient and orthodontist perspective
Authors: Henein Claudy , Seager Leonie , Carter Louise , Deeming Guy
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of conducting remote new patient consultations using teleorthodontics. Part 1 of the study used a five-point Likert-scale patient questionnaire and Part 2 comprised an orthodontist service evaluation assessing: (1) ease of use; (2) effectiveness; (3) reliability; (4) patient satisfaction; and (5) orthodontist satisfaction and outcome. The results for Part 1 showed that overall, 99% of patients reported that the system was easy to use, while 98% felt that it met their needs and 91% would choose to consult with a healthcare professional in a remote consultation in the future. For Part 2, 87% of orthodontists reported the remote consultation system worked well. Orthodontists were unable to identify the IOTN in 11% of cases and 11% required a further face-to-face appointment for imaging or clinical examination. In conclusion, teleorthodontics has the potential to augment traditional clinical services, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, and beyond. An overwhelmingly positive response towards teleorthodontics was obtained from patient and specialist orthodontist stakeholders.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The teleorthodontic system demonstrates improved patient and orthodontist acceptance and feasibility and can deliver good outcomes.
Delayed biological tooth eruption and eruptive potential: a case series
Authors: Schwabe Saskia , Storey Madeleine
Published: October 2022

Delayed eruption is a commonly encountered problem and its management poses an orthodontic challenge that should be considered on a case-by-case basis. The stage of root development, root morphology and degree of ectopia, as well the patient's age and any relevant medical history, are essential in determining the prognosis for spontaneous eruption. This case series demonstrates three cases where spontaneous eruption was unexpected, owing to various factors. These cases highlight the importance of removal of occlusal obstructions and an observation period to allow for improvement in position of an unerupted tooth before definitive treatment decisions are made.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Determining the potential for future spontaneous eruption, or improvement in position, can minimize the need for prolonged orthodontic management or potential prosthetic replacement.
Space-variant Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensing based on affine transformation estimation
Authors: Feng Fan , Liang Chen , Chen Dongdong , Du Ke , Yang Runjia , Lu Chang , Chen Shumin , Chen Liangyi , Tao Louis , Mao Heng
Published: October 2022

The space-variant wavefront reconstruction problem inherently exists in deep tissue imaging. In this paper, we propose a framework of Shack–Hartmann wavefront space-variant sensing with extended source illumination. The space-variant wavefront is modeled as a four-dimensional function where two dimensions are in the spatial domain and two are in the Fourier domain with priors that both gently vary. Here, the affine transformation is used to characterize the wavefront space-variant function. Correspondingly, the zonal and modal methods are both escalated to adapt to four-dimensional representation and reconstruction. Experiments and simulations show double to quadruple improvements in space-variant wavefront reconstruction accuracy compared to the conventional space-invariant correlation method.
Mid-infrared ultra-broadband optical Kerr frequency comb based on a CdTe ring microresonator: a theoretical investigation: erratum
Authors: Lu Siyi , Liu Xin , Shi Yaqi , Yang Hang , Long Zhe , Li Yang , Wu Han , Liang Houkun
Published: October 2022

An erratum to correct a mistake on the authorship in the author list in [Opt. Express 30(19), 33969 (2022)10.1364/OE.469599]. The corrections have no influence on the results and conclusions of the original paper.
Feedback-based wavefront shaping for weak light with lock-in beat frequency detection: publisher’s note
Authors: Hsieh Chao-Mao , Ren Xiaojing , Liu Quan
Published: October 2022

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.
47, 5192 (2022)10.1364/OL.467435.
Mid-infrared photoluminescence revealing internal quantum efficiency enhancement of type-I and type-II InAs core/shell nanowires: publisher’s note
Authors: Chen Xiren , Alradhi H. , Jin Zh. M. , Zhu Liangqing , Sanchez A. M. , Ma Shufang , Zhuang Qiandong , Shao Jun
Published: October 2022

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett. 47, 5208 (2022)10.1364/OL.473154.
Co-occurring anthropogenic stressors reduce the timeframe of environmental viability for the world’s coral reefs
Authors: Setter Renee O. , Franklin Erik C. , Mora Camilo
Published: October 2022

Anthropogenic disturbances are posing unprecedented challenges to the persistence of ecosystems worldwide. The speed at which these disturbances reach an ecosystem’s tolerance thresholds will determine the time available for adaptation and conservation. Here, we aim to calculate the year after which a given environmental stressor permanently exceeds the bounds of an ecosystem’s tolerance. Ecosystem thresholds are here defined as limits in a given stressor beyond which ecosystems have showed considerable changes in community assembly and functioning, becoming remnants of what they once were, but not necessarily leading to species extirpation or extinction. Using the world’s coral reefs as a case example, we show that the projected effects of marine heatwaves, ocean acidification, storms, land-based pollution, and local human stressors are being underestimated considerably by looking at disturbances independently. Given the spatial complementarity in which numerous disturbances impact the world’s coral reefs, we show that the timelines of environmental suitability are halved when all disturbances are analyzed simultaneously, as opposed to independently. Under business-as-usual scenarios, the median year after which environmental conditions become unsuitable for the world’s remaining coral reefs was, at worse, 2050 for any one disturbance alone (28 years left); but when analyzed concurrently, this date was shortened to 2035 (13 years left). When analyzed together, disturbances reduced the date of environmental suitability because areas that may remain suitable under one disturbance could become unsuitable by any of several other variables. The significance of co-occurring disturbances at reducing timeframes of environmental suitability was evident even under optimistic scenarios. The best-case scenario, characterized by strong mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and optimistic human development, resulted in 41% of global coral reefs with unsuitable conditions by 2100 under any one disturbance independently; yet when analyzed in combination up to 64% of the world’s coral reefs could face unsuitable environmental conditions by one disturbance or another. Under the worst-case scenario, nearly all coral reef ecosystems worldwide (approximately 99%) will permanently face unsuitable conditions by 2055 in at least one of the disturbances analyzed. Prior studies have indicated the projected dire effects of climate change on coral reefs by mid-century; by analyzing a multitude of projected disturbances, our study reveals a much more severe prognosis for the world’s coral reefs as they have significantly less time to adapt while highlighting the urgent need to tackle available solutions to human disturbances.
Mapping potential connections between Southern Africa’s elephant populations
Authors: Huang Ryan M. , van Aarde Rudi J. , Pimm Stuart L. , Chase Michael J. , Leggett Keith
Published: October 2022

Southern Africa spans nearly 7 million km2 and contains approximately 80% of the world’s savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) mostly living in isolated protected areas. Here we ask what are the prospects for improving the connections between these populations? We combine 1.2 million telemetry observations from 254 elephants with spatial data on environmental factors and human land use across eight southern African countries. Telemetry data show what natural features limit elephant movement and what human factors, including fencing, further prevent or restrict dispersal. The resulting intersection of geospatial data and elephant presences provides a map of suitable landscapes that are environmentally appropriate for elephants and where humans allow elephants to occupy. We explore the environmental and anthropogenic constraints in detail using five case studies. Lastly, we review all the major potential connections that may remain to connect a fragmented elephant metapopulation and document connections that are no longer feasible.
Analysis of related factors for adolescents’ intention to use alcohol in Korea
Authors: Park Eun-A , Jung Ae-Ri , Choi Sungyong
Published: October 2022

The harmful effects of alcohol consumption by adolescents have been increasingly emphasized. Thus, it is necessary to identify individual and environmental factors that encourage drinking. This study investigated factors associated with the sustainable use of alcohol (SUA) in adolescents who consume alcohol, and the possibility of future drinking (PFD) in non-drinking adolescents. Data from “The Adolescents Awareness Survey of Alcohol Encouraging Environment” by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Korea Health Promotion Institute (2017) were used. The survey was completed by 1,038 participant, selected through a proportional allocation extraction method, who were aged 13–18 years and lived in five cities with a population of over 1 million. The factors associated with SUA included gender (β = 0.634, p = 0.004), grade (8th β = 1.591, p<0.001, 9th β = 1.674, p<0.001, 10th β = 1.497, p = 0.001, 11th β = 1.041, p = 0.004, 12th β = 2.610, p<0.001), drinking alone (β = -2.147, p = 0.002), liquor commercial (β = 1.644, p<0.001), ease of alcohol purchase (β = 1.541, p = 0.025), parent’s recommendation for drinking (β = 1.084, p<0.001), not knowing the mother’s education level (β = -0.685, p = 0.045), positive expectancy of drinking (β = 0.141, p<0.001), number of pubs (β = 0.303, p = 0.002), internet game cafes (β = 0.456, p = 0.019), and karaokes (β = -0.098, p = 0.023) in the community. The factors associated with the PFD in non-drinkers were grade (8th β = 0.531, p = 0.024, 10th β = 0.717, p = 0.035, 12th β = 1.882, p = 0.001), liquor commercial (β = -1.355, p<0.001), parent’s recommendation for drinking (β = 0.783, p = 0.020), positive expectancy of drinking (β = 0.139, p<0.001), and relationship with the father (β = 0.072, p = 0.033). Multidimensional interventions, including those by individuals, parents, peers, and local communities, are needed to prevent SUA and the PFD in adolescents.
The Many Meanings of Mina: Popular Music Stardom in Post-war Italy
Authors: Haworth Rachel
Published: October 2022

Mina is one of Italy’s best-loved pop stars. This book explores the significance of her star status in post-war Italy, and traces how the many meanings of Mina evolve as a result of different media forms she was involved in, which intersect and interact to produce new significances of the star throughout her sixty-year-long career.