bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of In vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ginger and Diclofenac sodium combination
Authors: Thakur Mousmi D. , Sheth Navin R. , Raval Mihir K.
Published: July 2021

The present research work aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of Zingiber officinalis with Diclofenac sodium by HRBC membrane stabilization & Protein denaturation. The precluding of hypotonicity induced HRBC membrane lysis was taken as a measure of the anti-inflammatory activity. The percentage of membrane stabilization at different concentrations was performed for methanolic, hydro-methanolic ginger extract and diclofenac sodium. At a dose of 50µg/ml the maximum membrane stabilization 86.34% was found for Ginger extract(test) and at a dose of 500 mcg/ml membrane stabilization was found 91.16% for diclofenac sodium(standard) and the membrane stabilization for combination (ginger with diclofenac sodium) at a dose of 50µg/ml was recorded 86.43%, as the concentration increase(1000 mcg/ml) for combination(ginger with diclofenac sodium) the percentage protection was decreased. In vitro protein denaturation was performed by using egg albumin method. Maximum inhibition was observed in case of methanolic extract of ginger at concentration 1000mcg/ml and it was 78.83±5.17 and in hydro methanolic extract for Diclofenac sodium at concentration 1000mcg/ml and it was 63.37±2.78.Minimum inhibition observed in combination of methanolic extract of ginger and diclofenac sodium at concentration 1000mcg/ml and it was 25.27±1.76 and in combination of hydro-methanolic extract of ginger and Diclofenac sodium at concentration 1000mcg/ml and it was 28.23±3.14. The results of this study divulge that low dose combination of ginger and diclofenac sodium has higher anti-inflammatory activity than diclofenac sodium and ginger alone. With this initial study, research work could be extended further; therefore, the particular pharmacological action for the combination of ginger with diclofenac sodium could be discovered.
Stability-Indicating Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, and Ritonavir in Formulation by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Maneka Samudrala Lakshmi , Saravanakumar Rajaiah Thangaraj , Male Anjana
Published: July 2021

Aim of the present research work was to develop a sensitive, precise and robust stability-indicating UPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir in formulations. The chromatographic separation of mixture of ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir was attained in isocratic method utilizing a mobile phase of 0.01N Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (pH 5.3) and methanol in the proportion of 60:40%v/v utilizing a BEH C18 column which has dimensions of 100 x 3 mm, 1.7m particle size and the flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The detection system was monitored at 252nm wavelength maximum with 0.2 ml injection volume. The retaining time for ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir was achieved at 1.765 min, 2.192 min, and 1.326 min respectively. Ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir and their combined drug formulation were exposed to thermal, acidic, oxidative, photolytic, and alkaline conditions. The present method was validated as per the guidelines given by the ICH for specificity, accuracy, sensitivity, linearity and precision. The developed method was highly sensitive, rapid, precise and accurate than the earlier reported methods. The total run time was decreased to 3.0 min; hence, the technique was more precise and economical. Stability studies directed for the suitability of the technique for degradation studies of ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir. The projected method can be utilized for routine analysis in quality control department in pharmaceutical trades.
Synthesis and Antidiabetic Evaluation of Some Novel Nitrogen containing Small Heterocyclic Derivatives
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Rani Isha
Published: July 2021

This article describes the synthesis, characterization and antidiabetic evaluation of some derivatives containing thiazolidinedione. The titled derivatives 4a-4y have been prepared by the condensation of chlorosulphonyl-benzylidine 2,4-thiazolidinedione with thiadiazole derivatives formed by the reaction of aromatic acid and thiosemicarbazide. The finalization of the reaction was affirmed by TLC and the structures of the derivatives were characterized and analyzed through FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, Mass spectroscopy. Alloxan induced diabetes and oral glucose tolerance tests were done to evaluate for the anti-diabetic profile of the synthesized derivatives. Furthermore, docking of the compounds was done using V Life MDS software. The Dock score of the test compounds was in good correlation with the pharmacological activity results. The electron withdrawing substituents added on the core structure were more potent inhibitors than others.
Computational studies of Vitexin isolated from Vitex negundo against Rheumatoid Arthritis targets
Authors: Gayathri Devi R , Bhagavathy S.
Published: July 2021

One of the chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases that need attention to be treated is Rheumatoid arthritis. Especially RA encounters more female cases manifests progressive destruction of bone and cartilage. Expression of more inflammatory cytokines and Matrix Metallo-Proteins at the synovial tissue destruct collagen structure and worsen the condition. Generally anti-inflammatory drugs and immune-modulatory agents are used to deduce the progression of disease. Such chemical entities have proven many side effects and expensive. This study provides a glimpse of structural based drug designing using bioactive pharmakon from a folk chloric herb. Vitex negundo is a traditionally available plant that has been reported to possess pharmaco-beneficiary bioactive flavonoids especially, vitexin. Virtual screening involves docking of vitexin with three different targets that is responsible for triggering collagenase enzyme was achieved using Autodock. Binding energy of vitexin and TNF α receptor1(TNFR1) was found to be slightly higher when compared to docking results of TNF α converting enzyme (TACE) and Human Inhibitory Kinase β (hIKβ) proteins. The molecular interactions were visualized using BIOVIA discovery studio visualizer. This study may evident that vitexin has enhanced pharmacological benefits that need to be ensured through in vitro and in vivo assays.
Method Development and Validation of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Quantification of Sonidegib in Capsule Dosage Form
Authors: Raja Jayavarapu Kumar , Krishnan Sundararajan Parimala , Sundar Vankayala Devendiran
Published: July 2021

A new simple and precise Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of sonidegib in capsule formulation. The proposed work is depends on the modification of sonidegib into its derivative with N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoracetamide (BSTFA) with 1% trimethylchlorsilane (TMCS). Selective ion monitoring technique and electron ionization method at 70 eV were utilized for the quantification of sonidegib at m/z 278. Calibration plot was rectilinear in the concentration range of 0.5–10.0 µg/ml. The RSD value for within-day precision was ≤2.47% and for between-day precision was ≤2.45%. The bias value for within-day and between day accuracy was found between -1.51 to 1.87. The intra and inter day recovery findings of sonidegib was found to be between 98.34 to 102.654% for pharmaceutical formulation. The limits of detection and quantification of sonidegib were 0.10 and 0.30µg/ml respectively. No interfering peaks were observed from the excipients of dosage form during the analysis of formulation. The developed procedure was successfully applied for the quantification of commercial sonidegib capsule dosage form to estimate the sonidegib and to check the dosage form uniformity of content.
Fluidized Hot Melt Granulation Technique: An Approach to Improve Micromeritics Properties and Dissolution Rate of Efavirenz
Authors: Modi Deval J. , Shelat Pragna K. , Shastri Divyesh H.
Published: July 2021

The Fluidized hot melt granulation technique is a process by which pharmaceutical powders are efficiently agglomerated using a low melting binder. The effect of the binder properties and concentrations on agglomerate growth mechanisms were studied in this research paper using this technique with the primary objective of improvement in the solubility and dissolution rate of efavirenz by melt-dispersion granulation employing meltable hydrophilic carrier and then to convert the melt dispersion into flowable and compressible dispersion granules to yield a rapidly dissolving tablet formulation. The Optimized concentrations of co-polymers like PEG 6000, PEG 4000, Gelucire 50/13, Gelucire 44/14, Poloxamer 188 and Poloxamer 407 in different ratios (i.e., 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4) as meltable binder along with the drug were sprayed dropwise over lactose as diluent loaded into fluid bed chamber for the preparation of the granules of efavirenz and characterized for its micromeritical properties, DSC, XRD etc. The tablets prepared from the granules were evaluated for drug dissolution rate. The prepared granules were found to have excellent flow properties indicated by mean diameter D50:138µm, Carr’s index 13.92% and the drug content uniformity of 98.10%. XRD data exhibited partial loss of crystallinity as indicated by significantly less intensity of efavirenz peak in sample than pure efavirenz. Drug release from tablet was fast found 99.12% w/v within 30 minutes. Absence of Efavirenz endothermic peak at higher proportions of meltable binder reported by DSC data exhibited amorphous form of efavirenz led to complete solubilization and thus faster dissolution rate of efavirenz.
Molecular-Docking Study of quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives against GABAa Receptor Signifies the Novel Approach to Epilepsy Treatment
Authors: MALPANI SURAJMAL , Mohanty Pradeepkumar , Jain Ashish
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, a lot of new active substances as antiepileptic agents have been developed. One of the protein targets of antiepileptic is selective GABA. Selective GABA is the regulator of CNS activity. In this research, quinazolinone derivatives were used to design the antiepileptic agent through a selective GABA activation. The potential activity of quinazolinone derivatives could be increased by substitution in position 3 of quinazolinone. Molecular docking of selective GABA activation was required to predict their antiepileptic activity. The molecular docking of quinazolinone derivatives was carried out using Autodock viva Ver.1.1.2. Twenty quinazolinone derivatives were docked into GABAa with PDB code 4cof. The interaction was evaluated based on the docking score. Diazepam was used as the reference standard for this research. Twenty quinazolinone derivatives showed the approximate docking score -7.1 to -9.3 kcal/mol. All twenty quinazolinone derivatives which value that have greater docking score compared to diazepam used as a standard compound. Derivative Q-18 had higher binding energy than other quinazolinone derivatives because it has the smallest docking score. All new quinazolinone derivatives are feasible to be synthesize and performed their in vitro evaluation.
Antihyperglycemic, Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Properties of Smilax wightii A.DC. : an Endemic Plant of Western Ghats
Authors: Anand Athira V. , Swapna T. S.
Published: July 2021

Phytotherapy is an inevitable companion of human civilization. Smilax wightii is an ethnomedicinal plant in Smilacaceae, with unexplored scientifically therapeutic potential. The antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective capabilities of the methanolic extract of leaf, stem, rhizome and root of S. wightii were inspected in the present study. Hyperglycemia is a manifestation of the prevalent metabolic disorder, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Inhibitors of α –glucosidase and α – amylase could be efficiently employed in diabetes mellitus therapy as hypoglycemic agents. In the α –glucosidase and α – amylase inhibitory assays, root and rhizome extracts recorded better antihyperglycemic activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity were the parameters employed to determine the antioxidant activity. Hepatoprotectivity determines the capability of samples to safeguard the hepatocytes from damage. Novel hepatoprotective agents are in demand since the incidence of liver impairment is on a high among global population. The rhizome extract showed comparatively superior hepatoprotectivity followed by the leaf, stem and root extracts. Rhizome, at 100μg/ml guaranteed a cell viability percentage of 77.43 in the Chang liver cell line treated with Carbon tetrachloride. So the root and rhizome of S. wightii are the therapeutically significant plant parts with hypoglycemic, free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective potentialities.
Formulation and Evaluation of Gliclazide Solid Dispersions Incorporated Tablets for Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Sunitha Ramisetty , Venugopal Kothakota , Satyanarayana Suggala Venkata
Published: July 2021

The current study deals with formulation and evaluation of gliclazide solid dispersion with HP β Cyclodextrin to enhance solubility and incorporate into tablet formulation for controlled release of gliclazide. Gliclazide solid dispersion (SD) prepared using varying ratios of HP β Cyclodextrin and evaluated. The optimized SD formulation incorporated into tablet by using hydroxypropyl cellulose, HPMC K 100M. The drug dissolution from tablet formulation analyzed and characterize. The formulation SD3 comprising of drug and polymer in 1:3 ratio displayed 43-fold increase in solubility when compared to pure drug. The formulation SD13 displayed maximum yield of 98.96% and maximum drug content of 99% chosen optimal for tablet formulation. FTIR studies revealed that there is no incompatibility between drug and polymers found. XRD studies revealed that the optimized solid dispersion formulation was found to be in amorphous state. Around 15 formulations of controlled release tablet blends evaluated for micrometric properties show that all the formulations posses’ good flow properties. Formulation F15 with maximum drug content of 99.99% and drug release of 99.96 % over 16h was chosen optimal and characterized. The release kinetics suggest that drug release followed zero order and release from tablets was anomalous non- fickian diffusion super case II transport. The results show that combination of solid dispersion and application of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers in matrix formation can facilitate better dissolution and absorption profile with greater patient compliance.
Selection the Drug Efficacy of Oroidin Derivatives as Hsp90 Inhibitors by Computer Aided Drug Design Method
Authors: Sarkar Subhajit , Das Rajesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a conserved molecular chaperone associated with regulation of hundreds of client proteins that are key drivers, regulators and promoters of numerous refractory diseases including cancer. Consequently, Hsp90 is a significant target for the development of harmless anticancer therapies. Marine organisms are the rich source of pharmacological important compounds, especially oroidin. Oroidin, a pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole alkaloid, isolated from the marine sponge Agelas oroides, binds ATP pocket of Hsp90 and suppresses the ATPase activity of the protein. Natural product oroidin was selected as potent inhibitor of Hsp90 and its drug candidature was accordingly improved by substituting various functional groups. Virtual screenings were done through in silico studies, carried out on thirty nine derivatives of oroidin. DFT study was performed with Gaussian16, UB3LYP/6-311G++ (d, p) basis set to investigate the quantum mechanical parameters such as HOMO-LUMO energies, dipole moments. Derived parameters like ionization potential, electron affinity, softness-hardness, chemical potential and electrophilicity index were also calculated. Using AutoDock 4.0 programme, we studied docking of the thirty-nine designed derivatives with macromolecule Hsp90 and recorded the binding energy values of the best conformation out of nine in each docked compound. ADME predictions, molecular descriptor properties, and theoretical toxicity tests were evaluated using preADMET, molinspiration, and OSIRIS property explorer web tools respectively. We found twenty eight derived compounds, each docked at the same region of Hsp90, possessing higher binding energies compare to the precursor oroidin. Seven of them qualified all the rules of drug candidature and could be safe in using as effective drugs for cancer treatment. This study suggests that these compounds could be synthesized for in vitro test and may leads to a novel anticancer therapeutics.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Concomitantly used Gliclazide with Pravastatin
Authors: Haseeb T S Abdul , Reddy T Rama Mohan
Published: July 2021

Diabetic hyperlipidemia is associated with increased lipoproteins in the blood hence, the introduction of a lipid lowering drugs aids in controlling the same. This comedication may lead to drug–drug interactions between anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic drugs. The current research is aimed at evaluating the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of gliclazide (anti-diabetic) therapy by pravastatin (anti-hyperlipidemic) when administrated in combination. The studies conducted on rats dosed with gliclazide, pravastatin individually and in combination. Statistical comparisons of plasma concentration – response study in groups with gliclazide alone, pravastatin alone and in combination was carried out. The response study among concentrations and time were calculated employing student’s paired T-Test. The results indicate that gliclazide is completely absorbed with peak plasma concentration of 6.82±0.12 ng/ml and 7.82±0.12 ng/ml when administrated alone and 7.22±0.12 ng/ml and 7.22±0.12 ng/ml when administrated in combination in diabetic rats on first day (day 1) and eighth day (day8) respectively. Similarly peak plasma concentration of pravastatin are 3.92±0.03 ng/ml  and 4.80±0.04 ng/ml when administrated alone and 3.683±0.02 ng/ml    and 4.657±0.04 ng/ml when administrated in combination in diabetic rats  on first day (day 1) and eighth day (day 8) respectively.There was no  statistically noteworthy variation observed  in peak plasma concentration (P>0.05).  Similarly no variations observed in values of tmax, AUC and T1/2. The fasting serum glucose concentrations in normal and STZ-induced diabetic group on first day (day 1) and eighth day (day 8) were analyzed. The reduction of blood glucose levels at different time intervals on administration of gliclazide and pravastatin alone and in combination analyzed and results indicate no significant change in pharmacodynamic parameters.
Hence the results conclude that combinational therapy of gliclazide and pravastatin were found safe and highly potential in treating hyperlipidemia patients.
Estado de derecho y transparencia : un acercamiento desde la historia, el derecho y la ética
Authors: Rascado Pérez Javier , Ruiz Canizales Raúl
Published: July 2021

The fight against corruption becomes necessary facing society’s growing distrust in its government. Corruption undermines economy and, as a consequence, limits the growth of countries and seriously affects democracy due to the loss of legitimacy of representatives. Without it, the constitutional Rule of Law can not guarantee a better quality of life for its population. This research, which is based on documentary investigation, concludes that for strengthening constitutional democracy is necessary to aknowledge the right of access to information and a public policy of transparency as an antidote against corruption and as a pillar for democratic consolidation.
Revolución digital, economía creativa y economía social y solidaria : conexiones y contribuciones
Authors: Nagao Menezes Daniel Francisco
Published: July 2021

The objective of the article is to discussanalyzes the contribution of the Creative Economy, in the perspective of the Social and Solidarity Economy (ESS), in times of Digital Revolution, but in a context where high and increasing levels of socioeconomic inequality and social exclusion still prevail. The methodology employedused is the hypothetical deductive with the use of the bibliographic review. The hypothesis exploresd in conclusion is that the existing alternative is the approximation between creative economy and ESS, allowing the creative economy to use the legal structures that it possesses. The common point that allows thesuch approximation between the two ways of doing economy is the collaborative basis between the types of ventures and allows them tothat at the same time can be classified as social and solidarity.
Construcción de paz en Colombia a partir del cumplimiento de la responsabilidad legal y social de las empresas
Authors: Cortés Torres Jorge Antonio
Published: July 2021

En concordancia con lo señalado por el artículo 333 de la Constitución Política de Colombia, la actividad económica y la iniciativa privada son libres dentro de los límites del bien común. La empresa como base del desarrollo tiene una función social que implica obligaciones. Con base en lo anterior, es preciso comprender cuál es la proyección y el límite de la libertad empresarial al igual que la función social que la ha de caracterizar. Este límite debe partir del concepto de Estado Social de Derecho, que de acuerdo con la referida Constitución Política caracteriza a Colombia, y en virtud del cual, todas las personas deben vivir sometidas al imperio de la ley tomando como constante que nuestro derecho termina en donde empieza el de los demás. En este orden de ideas, es necesario abordar el tema de la regulación legal y social de la empresa con el fin de determinar cuáles son las reglas que regulan las relaciones sociales dentro de ésta y, cuáles son las obligaciones legales que adquiere el empresario, lo que también busca brindarle una seguridad jurídica como inversionista.  En este sentido, la responsabilidad social en el ámbito empresarial o corporativo es entendida como el compromiso que las organizaciones públicas y privadas asumen con relación a la sociedad, que además debe estar reflejado en inversión social con las comunidades y con el entorno.
Aproximaciones generales para abordar el Sistema Penal Acusatorio
Authors: Martínez Gutiérrez Luis Eduardo , Parrado Leal Ingrid Lorena
Published: July 2021

Este artículo resume las características básicas del actual sistema penal que rige el ordenamiento jurídico. Resaltando sus etapas, sus principios rectores y las actuaciones principales, para que quien se aproxime por primera vez o con intención de entender el sistema, tenga un punto de partida concreto, sencillo y accesible para todo público, sin olvidar el rigor técnico propio del derecho. En este sentido, el objetivo principal es explicar la dinámica del sistema procesal de la Ley 906 de 2004; y como objetivo secundario, hacer algunas recomendaciones para su mejoramiento.
Determination of Ground Subsidence by Sentinel-1 SAR Data (2018-2020) over Binh Duong Quarries, Vietnam
Authors: Long Nguyen Quoc , Van Anh Tran , Khac Luyen Bui
Published: July 2021

Mining-induced subsidence is often determined by field survey methods, e.g., using total station or global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technology. The advantage of these methods is high accuracy, but they are usually employed in a small-scale areas. Radar technology has been developed and applied to determine surface subsidence over a large area at a few millimeters accuracy. In this paper, 24 Sentinel-1B SAR images are used with the Permanent Scatter Interferometry (PSInSAR) method to determine the land subsidence of the Tan My-Thuong Tan quarries and surrounding areas in Binh Duong province, Vietnam. The results are compared with the average annual subsidence of 20 GNSS surveying points from January 2018 to March 2020. The correlation coefficient of annual average land subsidence of the two methods is bigger than 0.8, indicating the feasibility of applying the InSAR Sentinel-1 data processed by the PSInSAR method to determine the mining-induced subsidence of ground surfaces over quarries and surrounding areas.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Application against Bacillus Subtilis and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Thi Thu Ha Pham , Xuan Hoa Vu , Kha Trinh Dinh , Dien Nguyen Dac , Thanh Luong Duy , Hung Nguyen Quang , Van Luyen Luong
Published: July 2021

In this study, the stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate (AgNO3) using trisodium citrate (TSC). The product was characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). UV-Vis spectrum showed a peak around 420 nm. TEM analysis revealed the homogeneity in the size of AgNPs (35-45 nm), well-dispersed quasi-spherical in water. The prepared AgNPs exhibited high antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The average zones of inhibition were 20 mm and 17 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis bacteria, respectively. The inhibition zone of AgNPs was also compared to the reference antibiotics drugs such as ampicillin and natamycin. This research exhibits an efficient and eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles with potent antimicrobial and antibacterial performance.
Electrochromic Properties of PANI/TiO2 Nanocomposite Films Prepared by Electropolymerization
Authors: Khanh Van Nguyen Thi , Khanh Tran Si Trong , Thao Vu Thi , Cuong Nguyen Duc , Nam Nguyen Phuong Hoai , Dinh Nguyen Nang
Published: July 2021

PANI/nc-TiO2/ITO composite films were prepared by electrochemical method where the monomer aniline was polymerized onto nano-porous TiO2/ITO films (PANI/nc-TiO2/ITO). The PANI/nc-TiO2 heterojunctions were formed in the composite films due to the insertion of PANI in nano-porous TiO2 particles. PANI/ITO films exhibited a reversible electrochromic display (ECD) performance when cycled in 0.1M LiClO4 + propylene carbonate. The response times of the electrochromic coloration and bleaching of the PANI/nc-TiO2/ITO electrode were 15 s and 20 s, respectively. Electrochromic efficiency of the films reached a value as large as 12.25 cm2´C-1. Taking advantage of the large EC efficiency and electrochemical stability as well as the simplicity of the fabrication process, PANI/nc-TiO2 composite films can be used for preparation of electrochromic smart windows, in term of the large-area production in particular.
Diversity of Medicinal Plants Resources to be Useb by the Kho Mu Community in Special Use Forest, Sop Cop District, Son La Province
Authors: Lien Vu Thi , Dau Song A , Nghia Leo Van
Published: July 2021

This research was conducted to assess the diversity of medicinal plant resources in special use forest, Sop Cop district, Son La province.By traditional botanical research method that we  carried  out since July 2019 to March 2020.The results showed that, there were 389 species of medicinal plants belonging to 294 genera and 109 families of 4 divisions of vascular plant. There were 10 families with the high number of species. The medicinal plants were used differently by the Kho Mu ethnic to treat 18 groups of diseases, of which the plants were used to treat gastrointestinal diseases had the highest percentage of species, 102 species (26,22%). In the parts used as medicine, leaves are most used accounting for from 26,74%. The whole trees and roots were used also quite large, including whole tree with 77 species, roots with 66 species. There were 28 medicinal species (accounting for 7,19%) that had been identified in the Vietnam’s Red Data Book (2007), have 18 species listed in the Vietnam’s Red List of Medicinal Plants,that wrote by Nguyen Tap (2019)  and 12 species listed in the Governmental Decree 06/2019/NĐ-CP. These species had limited individuals that need to have policies for conservation and development.
Infecção urinária em pacientes utilizando cateter vesical de demora internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Almeida Roberta Braga de , Santos Vera Lúcia Brahm dos , Specht Maria Luiza , Rosa Lívia Souza da , Fernandes Isadora Nunes , Souza Pedro Borges de , Moreira Fernanda Pedrotti
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de infecção do trato urinário (ITU) no setor de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de um hospital no sul do Brasil e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde, incluindo a utilização de cateter vesical. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, incluindo pacientes adultos internados na UTI do Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no ano de 2019. A coleta de dados ocorreu através da revisão dos prontuários médicos do Serviço de Arquivo Médico e Estatístico. Resultados: Foram identificados 140 pacientes internados na UTI do hospital, apresentando 62,9% de prevalência ITU. Indivíduos que desenvolveram ITU permaneceram com cateter vesical por um tempo superior (média de 18,35 dias) do que aqueles que não desenvolveram (p<0,001). A Klebsiela pneumoniae foi observada em 46,6% dos exames, seguido pela Acinetobacter baumanii (28,4%) e Escherichia Coli (18,2%). Os principais antibióticos utilizados foram meropenem, piperacilina + tazobactan e polimixina B (33,0%). Conclusão: Estes achados permitem contribuir na formulação de novas estratégias de intervenção, focando na atualização das práticas assistenciais e na educação continuada dos profissionais de saúde, reduzindo a prevalência desta infecção.
Residentes de enfermagem em uma unidade de internação pediátrica: relato de experiência do processo de enfermagem
Authors: Sampaio Jonathan Douglas Pinheiro , Parente Andressa Tavares , Souza Hilma Solange Lopes , Valentim Cintia Yolette Urbano Pauxis Aben-Athar , Santos Francisca Elissandra Ribeiro dos , Palheta Marléa Guimarães , Dias Alana Celeste Campos , Portilho Danielle Cardoso , Conceição Mayara Nicodemos da , Parente Angeline do Nascimento
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Compartilhar a experiência vivenciada, por enfermeiros residentes, em uma clínica pediátrica de um hospital universitário, no contexto da implementação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem. Relato de experiência: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa na modalidade de relato de experiência, realizado em julho a agosto de 2019, durante a vivência da prática profissional de residentes de enfermagem do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Atenção à Clínica Integrada, em uma unidade de internação pediátrica de um hospital. Na experiência, foi possível compreender o processo de trabalho e identificar o modo como à assistência de enfermagem estava sendo realizada junto ao paciente pediátrico e seu acompanhante. Foram realizadas atividades gerenciais e assistências pelos residentes, supervisionadas pelo preceptor, que estimulou a desenvolverem um pensamento crítico reflexivo e tomar decisões perante os problemas encontrados. Considerações finais: A vivência dos residentes na unidade de internação trouxe reflexões e delineamentos sobre o processo de trabalho do enfermeiro, a especificidade da assistência pautada na criança e sua família, o que contribuiu diretamente com a qualificação da assistência e a preservação da segurança do paciente pediátrico.
Complicações cognitivas pós-operatórias relacionadas à anestesia geral em pacientes idosos
Authors: Santos Juliana Visacre Lourenço , Grando Amanda Barbiero , Moura Daiane Dias de , Lins Laura Böttcher , Perdigão Ludmila Albeny Mota , Matos Marília Medeiros de , Araújo Nathasia Christyelle Rolim de , Torres Priscilla Evellin de Azevedo , Silveira Diego de Matos
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Analisar e revisar as principais complicações cognitivas relacionadas ao pós-operatório de pacientes idosos submetidos à anestesia geral. Revisão bibliográfica: O aumento da expectativa de vida se relaciona ao maior número de idosos e ao processo de adoecimento. Dessa forma, configuram um público submetido a procedimentos cirúrgicos com mais frequência. Considerando que a faixa etária acima dos 60 anos apresenta maior taxa de comorbidades e mais chance de reserva cognitiva previamente diminuída, as complicações cognitivas como o delirium pós-operatório e a disfunção cognitiva pós-operatória possuem incidência significativa nesse grupo. Estas complicações podem ser temporárias, permanentes e/ou incapacitantes. Observou-se que cirurgias vasculares, ortopédicas e cardíacas podem ter maior associação com tais distúrbios e que fatores como idade, tempo de permanência hospitalar, comorbidades complexas, dor mal controlada, cirurgia de emergência e perda sanguínea intraoperatória intensa, por exemplo, são elementos que contribuem para a identificação do paciente sob risco. Considerações finais: O manejo do paciente idoso frente a uma indução anestésica deve ser individualizado e monitorado com cautela, na medida que a prevalência de afecções e alterações funcionais relacionadas ao envelhecimento são substanciais.
Posterior petrosal approach for microsurgical resection of petroclival meningioma: 3-Dimensional operative video
Authors: Ceccato Guilherme Henrique Weiler , da Rocha Rodolfo Frank Munhoz , Matsubara Anderson , Borba Luis Alencar Biurrum
Published: July 2021

Background:

Petroclival meningiomas are challenging lesions considering their deep location and close relationship with many vital neurovascular structures.[1-8]

Case Description:

We present the case of a 54-year-old male presenting a history of headache, dizziness, and tinnitus on the left side, associated with left facial hypoesthesia. Preoperative imaging depicted a lesion highly suggestive of a petroclival meningioma with important compression of the brainstem. Considering worsening of symptoms, size, and location of this lesion, microsurgical resection was indicated. A left posterior petrosal approach was employed with aid of neurophysiological monitoring. The patient was placed in a true lateral position and an arciform incision was done. First, the mastoidectomy was performed and then the craniotomy around encompassing both posterior and middle cranial fossae. Middle and posterior fossa dural incisions were connected through coagulation of the superior petrosal sinus. Then tentorium was all the way cut to the incisura. After that, sigmoid sinus can be mobilized posteriorly, increasing exposure of presigmoid space. The area since jugular foramen up to the supratentorial region was fully exposed, allowing safe total resection of the lesion. Postoperative imaging demonstrated complete tumor removal. Patient presented improvement of symptoms, with no new neurological deficits on follow-up.

Conclusion:

The posterior petrosal approach provided a shorter pathway and direct angle of attack to the tumor attachment, allowing successful resection.[1,6] Extensive laboratory training is essential to get familiarized with the complex anatomical relationships in that area. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for the procedure and publication of this operative video.
Supratentorial lymphocytic inflammation with parenchymal perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sudhakar Vivek , Gersey Zachary , Polster Sean P. , Mantica Megan , Zenonos George
Published: July 2021

Background:

Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids is a rare disorder that presents with subacute brainstem symptoms such as ataxia, facial paresthesias, and episodic diplopia, thought to be due to a T-cell medicated perivascular inflammatory process. A supratentorial variant, Supratentorial Lymphocytic Inflammation with Parenchymal Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids (SLIPPERS), has been described in only three patients.

Case Description:

A 71-year-old male presented with word-finding difficulties, confusion, and left leg weakness. Radiographic workup demonstrated multiple supratentorial ring-enhancing lesions. PET/CT demonstrated hypermetabolism and susceptibility-weighted imaging demonstrated a hemorrhagic component. Frozen pathology revealed a predominately T-cell and monocyte inflammatory infiltrate. He demonstrated interval improvement to dexamethasone therapy, but then demonstrated worsening of his symptoms following discontinuation.

Conclusion:

Given his dramatic response to corticosteroids, he was diagnosed with SLIPPERS. SLIPPERS is an underrecognized diagnostic entity to consider in patients with ring-enhancing lesions and can present with hypermetabolic lesions on PET/CT.
Remarkable shrinkage of a thrombosed giant aneurysm by stent-assisted jam-packed coil embolization
Authors: Mitsui Takaaki , Nakagawa Ichiro , Kotsugi Masashi , Park HunSoo , Yokoyama Shohei , Myouchin Kaoru , Nakase Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

Background:

Large and giant aneurysms are known to involve intra-aneurysmal thrombosis and present a poor prognosis because of compression of the surrounding brain tissue with enlargement of the aneurysm. These aneurysms are difficult to cure by endovascular treatment due to involvement of the vasa vasorum in their pathology. We report this technical note to describe stent-assisted jam-packed coil embolization for the treatment of a giant thrombosed aneurysm.

Case Description:

A 62-year-old man presented with right homonymous hemianopsia, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a giant thrombosed aneurysm with poor wall contrast enhancement, which indicates little involvement of the vasa vasorum, at the terminal part of the left internal carotid artery. To block blood flow into the aneurysmal dome, stent-assisted “jam-packed” coil embolization was performed. For this, a braided stent was shortened to enhance metal coverage ratio and tight aneurysmal coil packing was performed using a hydrogel coil. Our technique resulted in complete obliteration of the aneurysm, and MRI performed 1 year later showed remarkable shrinkage of the aneurysm dome.

Conclusion:

Stent-assisted jam-packed coil embolization technique might be effective in shrinking the dome of giant thrombosed aneurysms with poor wall contrast enhancement.
Review: Perspective on ocular toxicity of presurgical skin preparations utilizing Chlorhexidine Gluconate/Hibiclens/Chloraprep
Authors: Epstein Nancy E
Published: July 2021

Background:

Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG), Hibiclens (4% CHG with 4% Isopropyl Alcohol Detergent), and Chloraprep (i.e. labeled CHG-based solutions), utilized as preoperative surgical preparatory solutions may all cause severe oculotoxicity and ototoxicity. Alternatively, 10% Povidone-Iodine (PI) solutions without detergent demonstrate minimal toxic effects on the eyes and ears.

Methods:

Based on studies from 1984 to 2021, we compared the safety/efficacy of CHG-based versus PI-based solutions utilized for presurgical skin preparation near the cornea/eyes and ears (i.e., predominantly for cranial or cervical spine surgery).

Results:

Some studies documented that even minimal exposure (i.e., “splash risk”) during face/neck skin preparation with CHG-based solutions could result in irreversible corneal injury and ototoxicity. Within minutes to hours, CHG-based non-detergent solutions posed the risks of; corneal epithelial edema, anterior stromal edema, conjunctival chemosis, bullous keratopathy, and de-epithelialization. Notably, even occlusive dressings like Tegaderm could not protect against CHG penetration. Alternatively, PI-based solutions posed no to minimal ocular and/or ototoxicity, while often demonstrating comparable protection against surgical site infections (SSI).

Conclusion:

Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG), Hibiclens, and Chloraprep (i.e. CHG-based solutions) are often used as skin preparations near the face/eyes/spine (i.e., particularly anterior/posterior cervical procedures). However, if these solutions come in contact with the eyes, corneal irritation, abrasions, and even blindness may result. Alternatively, PI non-detergent solutions demonstrate safety/minimal oculotoxicity/ototoxicity, while frequently showing comparable efficacy against SSI.
ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ЖЕСТКОСТИ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОТРУБОК (НАНОВОЛОКОН) И ИХ СТРУКТУРЫ В ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ НАНОКОМПОЗИТАХ
Authors: Атлуханова Л.Б. , Козлов Г.В.
Published: July 2021

Определяющее влияние структуры нанонаполнителя, в том числе и углеродных нанотрубок, на конечные макроскопические свойства полимерных нанокомпозитов требует исследования и описания указанной структуры. Углеродные нанотрубки в силу своей высокой степени анизотропии и низкой поперечной жесткости образуют в полимерной матрице нанокомпозитов кольцеобразные формирования, которые являются структурным аналогом макромолекулярных клубков разветвленных полимерных цепей. Это обстоятельство позволяет использовать для описания структуры углеродных нанотрубок хорошо известные методы физической химии полимерных растворов, в том числе и фрактальной. Применение указанных методов для описания нанокомпозитов полипропилен/углеродные нанотрубки (нановолокна) показало, что повышение содержания нанонаполнителя определяет снижение радиуса кольцеобразных формирований, что приводит к уменьшению их реального уровня анизотропии и повышению фрактальной размерности. Использование методов фрактальной физической химии показало, что участок жесткости углеродных нанотрубок, аналогичный сегменту Куна для макромолекулярных клубков, является характеристикой реальной степени анизотропии нанонаполнителя. Показана однозначная взаимосвязь степени анизотропии углеродных нанотрубок и их структуры, характеризуемой фрактальной размерностью кольцеобразных формирований, а именно, повышение степени анизотропии снижает эту размерность. При длине участка жесткости, равной длине самой нанотрубки, указанная размерность стремится к единице, а в случае абсолютно гибкой углеродной нанотрубки с нулевой длиной участка жесткости размерность кольцеобразных формирований стремится к размерности компенсированного состояния, равной 2,29.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ НА СТРУКТУРНО-ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ СПЛАВА CuZn
Authors: Чаплыгина А.А. , Чаплыгин П.А. , Старостенков М.Д.
Published: July 2021

В данной работе с помощью метода Монте-Карло было рассмотрено влияние деформации на структурные и фазовые превращения -латуни в процессе термоциклирования (ступенчатый нагрев с последующим ступенчатым охлаждением до начальной температуры). В результате реализации цикла нагрева и охлаждения наблюдается своеобразный гистерезис, наличие которого свидетельствует о необратимости происходящих процессов, что подразумевает различие структурно-фазовых состояний на этапах нагрева и охлаждения. Деформация растяжения и сжатия оказывает влияние на температурный диапазон фазовых переходов. Увеличение коэффициента деформации сжатия увеличивает температуру фазовых переходов порядок-беспорядок и беспорядок-порядок. Увеличение коэффициента деформации растяжения уменьшает температуру фазовых переходов порядок-беспорядок и беспорядок-порядок. Все виды деформации растяжения и сжатия приводят к более высоким значениям энергии после завершения цикла нагрев-охлаждение. Анализ фазовой структуры сплава CuZn с различными коэффициентами деформации в процессе нагрева и охлаждения, т.е. в процессе фазовых переходов порядок-беспорядок и беспорядок-порядок, показал, что система проходит разные структурно-фазовые состояния. После завершения фазового перехода беспорядок-порядок в системе происходит образование двух антифазных доменов сверхструктуры B2. Коэффициент деформации также оказывает влияние на размер и форму границ доменов.
ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ СТРУКТУРНО-ФАЗОВОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ МЕТАЛЛА ПОВЕРХНОСТНОГО СЛОЯ ПОСЛЕ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ СТАЛИ 40Х
Authors: Пимонов М.В.
Published: July 2021

Важнейшими задачами современного машиностроения является повышение надежности деталей машин и снижение трудоёмкости их изготовления. Надёжность деталей машин во много определяется показателями физико-механических свойств поверхностного слоя, которые зависят от структурно-фазового и напряжённо-деформированного состояния. Несмотря на большое количество работ, посвящённых влиянию механической обработки на параметры качества поверхностного слоя, а также влиянию параметров поверхностного слоя на эксплуатационные свойства, отсутствуют обобщенные методики, позволяющей с учетом технологических возможностей и технико-экономических показателей процесса обосновать наиболее рациональный вариант механической обработки. Актуальной становится задача выявления взаимосвязи параметров структурно-фазового состояния поверхностного слоя деталей машин с параметрами напряжённо-деформированного состояния при механической обработке, для разработки методики оценки состояния поверхностного слоя в процессах обработки и эксплуатации. Для решения поставленной задачи выполнен ряд исследований, включающий моделирование и расчёт напряжённо-деформированного состояния в очаге деформации при резании и расчёт степени исчерпания пластичности. Выполнены исследования структурно-фазового состояния методом просвечивающей электронной микроскопии. Статистическая обработка результатов экспериментальных исследований показала связь между скалярной r (r0,96) и избыточной r (r0,97) плотностью дислокаций и амплитуды внутренних напряжений сдвига sл (r0,95) со степенью исчерпания запаса пластичности Y. Определенна возможность использования конечно-элементное моделирование механической обработки для прогнозирования структурно-фазового состояния поверхностного слоя деталей изготавливаемых из стали 40Х.
АНИЗОТРОПИЯ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ УПРУГИХ ВОЛН В ОРТОРОМБИЧЕСКИХ КРИСТАЛЛАХ MgSiN2, MgGeN2 И MgSnN2
Authors: Загвоздин И.Н. , Копытов А.В. , Поплавной А.С.
Published: July 2021

В нашей работе путем численного решения уравнения Кристоффеля по значениям упругих постоянных исследована анизотропия распространения акустических волн в MgSiN2, MgGeN2 и MgSnN2. Для случая продольных нормалей уравнение Кристоффеля может быть сведено к векторному уравнению, которое определяет конус продольных нормалей. Численное решение этого уравнения выявило по 7 продольных нормалей в каждом кристалле в неприводимой части зоны Бриллюэна. Проверка условий реализации акустических осей показала, что в MgSiN2, MgGeN2 и MgSnN2 4, 6 и 3 акустические оси соответственно. Условия распространения чистопоперечных волн в кристаллах орторомбической системы выполняются во всех координатных плоскостях. Кроме того, чисто поперечные волны могут распространяться вдоль направлений, лежащих на поверхности конуса 4-го порядка, уравнение которого записано в классической монографии Ф.И. Федорова. Для акустических осей, не являющихся продольными нормалями, имеет место внутренняя коническая рефракция, т.е. если волновая нормаль совпадает с акустической осью кристалла, то ей соответствует целый конус направлений вектора потока энергии, каждое из которых отвечает определенному вектору смещения квазипоперечной волны. Вычисленные характеристики конуса рефракции приведены в работе. По вычисленным значениям фазовой скорости в различных направлениях были построены поверхности рефракции (поверхность обратной фазовой скорости) и их сечения плоскостями симметрии. В работе было показано, что с увеличением периода элементов Si, Ge, Sn наблюдается уменьшение деформации эллипсоидов, что указывает на уменьшение отклонения от изотропного случая.