bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reseña: Almagro Vidal, Clara, Paisajes medievales en el Campo de Calatrava.
Authors: Barquero Goñi Carlos
Published: May 2018

Resña del libro de Almagro Vidal, Clara, Paisajes medievales en el Campo de Calatrava. Madrid. La Ergástula, 2016, 354 págs. ISBN: 978-84-16242-15-3
Reseña: Fuente Pérez, María Jesús, Violante de Aragón, reina de Castilla.
Authors: Echevarría Arsuaga Ana
Published: May 2018

Reseña del libro: Fuente Pérez, María Jesús, Violante de Aragón, reina de Castilla. Madrid: Instituto de Historiografía Julio Caro Baroja/Universidad Carlos III (Anejos de la Revista de Historiografía nº 6), 2017. 278 págs. ISBN: 978-84-9148-276-5.
El papel moderador de los estilos parentales entre la impulsividad y el consumo de alcohol en una muestra de adolescentes españoles
Authors: Pérez de Albeniz-Garrote Gloria , Rubio-Rubio Laura , Medina-Gómez Begoña
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The moderating role of parenting styles in the relationship between impulsivity and alcohol consumption in a sample of Spanish adolescents. Alcohol consumption in adolescents is a complex problem that is often related to impulsive behavior. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of parenting styles in the relationship between impulsivity and alcohol consumption in a sample of 613 Spanish adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years (M = 15.76, DT = 1.16) and enrolled in secondary education schools. The results revealed that neglect and negative evaluation of the mother as well as a controlling father were the variables related to alcohol consumption in male adolescents with high dysfunctional impulsive. In the case of female adolescents, support and stimulation, as well as a positive evaluation of the father were linked to lower consumption. This study presents evidence that the parenting style of the parents is related to alcohol consumption of children depending on the degree of dysfunctional impulsivity.Resumen. El consumo de alcohol en adolescentes es un problema complejo que suele aparecer acompañado de conductas impulsivas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel de los estilos parentales en la relación entre la impulsividad y el consumo de alcohol en una muestra de 613 adolescentes españoles escolarizados en centros de educación secundaria, con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y 18 años (M = 15.76, DT = 1.16). Los resultados indicaron que la negligencia y la evaluación negativa de la madre, así como el control del padre eran las variables relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol en varones con elevada impulsividad disfuncional. En las mujeres, el apoyo y estimulación, y la evaluación positiva del padre se vinculaban a un menor consumo. Este estudio presenta evidencia de que el estilo de crianza de los padres está relacionado con el consumo de alcohol de los hijos dependiendo del grado de impulsividad disfuncional de éstos últimos.
Adherencia al tratamiento y efectividad de un programa cognitivo conductual sobre la rumiación y expresión de la ira
Authors: Alcázar-Olán Raúl José , Merckel-Niehus Nicole , Toscano-Barranco Daniela , Barrera-Muñoz Omar , Proal-Sánchez María Fernanda
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Treatment adherence and effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral program on rumination and anger expression. This research assessed the effects of a cognitive behavioral intervention in a group of 30 individuals with anger and rumination problems. Two groups were compared. The first group of participants attended seven or more sessions (high attendance), while the second group attended less than seven sessions (low attendance). Only the group with high attendance showed statistically significant changes in variables such as revenge, angry afterthoughts, angry memories, and understanding the causes of anger. However, both groups improved in the same proportion, according to the strong effect sizes. Participants who attended less than seven sessions reported that they missed sessions due to academic reasons (doing homework). Participants with high attendance reported they showed up to sessions due to their achievements obtained with the treatment.Resumen: Esta investigación evaluó los efectos de una intervención cognitivo conductual grupal en 30 individuos con problemas de rumiación e ira. Se compararon dos grupos. El primero se formó de participantes que asistieron siete o más sesiones (alta asistencia), mientras que en el segundo los participantes asistieron menos de siete sesiones (baja asistencia). Se observaron mejoras estadísticamente significativas únicamente en el grupo con alta asistencia en variables de venganza, pensamientos posteriores a la ira, memorias de ira y entendimiento de las causas de la ira. Sin embargo, ambos grupos mejoraron en la misma proporción, lo cual se reflejó en tamaño del efecto fuerte. Los participantes que asistieron menos de siete sesiones informaron que su ausencia se debió a motivos académicos (hacer tareas). Los participantes con alta asistencia informaron que las razones para presentarse a las sesiones fueron los logros que obtenían con el tratamiento.
Factores protectores y de riesgo de trastornos de conducta y trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad. Una revisión sistemática.
Authors: Villanueva-Bonilla Cristian , Ríos-Gallardo Ángela Magnolia
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Protective and risk factors for conduct disorder and attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder. A systematic review. Conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the most frequent clinical disorders in children and adolescents. The aim of the review was to identify the protective and risk factors of CD and ADHD to guide the design of intervention programs that allow to modify the risks and strengthen the characteristics that prevent manifestation of the symptomatology. The existing literature was analyzed from January 2012 to June 2017 through a search conducted in Scopus, Pubmed, Sciencedirect and PsycINFO. In conclusion, individual and family factors are predominant in both types of disorder, where variables of both protection and risk were found, with the emotional and cognitive variables being the most studied in the individual factors and in family factors the quality of the relationship between parents and son.Resumen: El trastorno de conducta (TC) y el trastorno de déficit de atención y/o hiperactividad (TDAH) son de los trastornos clínicos más frecuentes en niños y adolescentes. El objetivo de la revisión fue identificar los factores protectores y de riesgo de TC y TDAH para orientar el diseño de programas de intervención que permitan modificar los riesgos y fortalecer las características que contribuyen a la no manifestación de la sintomatología. Se analizó la literatura existente desde enero de 2012 hasta junio de 2017 mediante una búsqueda realizada en Scopus, Pubmed, Sciencedirect y PsycINFO. En conclusión, el estudio de los factores individuales y familiares son predominantes en ambos tipos de trastorno, en donde se encontraron variables tanto de protección como de riesgo, siendo las variables emocionales y cognitivas las más estudiadas en los factores individuales y la calidad de la relación entre padres e hijo en los factores familiares.
Jesús Sánchez-Caro (2017). La enferma Teresa de Ávila. Burgos: Grupo Editorial Fonte.
Authors: Ramos Francisco
Published: May 2018

Jes.s S.nchez-Caro (2017). La enferma Teresa de .vila. Burgos: Grupo Editorial Fonte.
Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica en el fútbol sala
Authors: Palazón M. A. , Ortega E. , García-Angulo A.
Published: May 2018

El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica en el deporte de fútbol sala. Para ello se utilizó la colección principal de la plataforma “Web of Science” con las bases de datos Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) y Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). La búsqueda ofreció 81 artículos de los que se analizaron las siguientes variables: 1) título; 2) nombre del autor principal; 3) institución del primer autor; 4) no de autores; 5) revista; 6) número de citas; 7) año de publicación; 8) disciplina principal del estudio; 9) tipo de estudio; 10) tamaño de muestra; 11) nivel deportivo de la muestra, 12) sexo de la muestra. En los resultados destacaron los artículos de tipo experimental, los de sexo masculino y a deportistas de nivel profesional. Respecto a las instituciones, destacan las de países con un gran auge en lo que se refiere a fútbol sala, como Brasil y Portugal.
Contribución de la innovación deportiva al crecimiento económico europeo
Authors: Silva Piñeiro R.
Published: May 2018

Las Instituciones Europeas han reconocido la destacada contribución que el sector del deporte está teniendo en la creación de empleo, el desarrollo económico local y en los flujos intersectoriales, convirtiéndose en uno de los pilares que permitan ayudar a superar las dificultades actuales gracias a la gran resistencia que ha demostrado en el entorno de crisis económica que venimos arrastrando. El deporte puede consolidar el impacto socio-económico que ha alcanzado, e incluso mejorarlo, a través de servicios y productos innovadores, que en cualquier caso deberán atender sobre todo al nivel regional, clave del éxito de cualquier conocimiento.
El sector del fitness en España; análisis del gimnasio low-cost y los centros de electroestimulación integral
Authors: De la Cámara Serrano M. A.
Published: May 2018

La evolución del sector del fitness en una constante que lleva repitiéndose durante años. Nuevas tendencias y modelos de negocio surgen con el fin de hacerse un hueco en el sector o afianzarse en él. Los gimnasios low-cost y los centros de electroestimulación integral destacan por tener un gran crecimiento en España.

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar este tipo de centros y razonar las posibles repercusiones que pueden tener en el sector del fitness.

En ambos casos, el crecimiento y expansión ha resultado ser rápido y constante y se espera que siga siendo así durante los próximos años. La mayor presencia de estos centros repercute tanto en el resto de empresas del sector como en el usuario final. Diferentes puntos y factores observados pueden influir en la consolidación, permanencia y estabilidad de ambos centros.
Novel transgenic pigs with enhanced growth and reduced environmental impact
Authors: Zhang Xianwei , Li Zicong , Yang Huaqiang , Liu Dewu , Cai Gengyuan , Li Guoling , Mo Jianxin , Wang Dehua , Zhong Cuili , Wang Haoqiang , Sun Yue , Shi Junsong , Zheng Enqin , Meng Fanming , Zhang Mao , He Xiaoyan , Zhou Rong , Zhang Jian , Huang Miaorong , Zhang Ran , Li Ning , Fan Mingzhe , Yang Jinzeng , Wu Zhenfang
Published: May 2018

In pig production, inefficient feed digestion causes excessive nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen to be released to the environment. To address the issue of environmental emissions, we established transgenic pigs harboring a single-copy quad-cistronic transgene and simultaneously expressing three microbial enzymes, β-glucanase, xylanase, and phytase in the salivary glands. All the transgenic enzymes were successfully expressed, and the digestion of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) and phytate in the feedstuff was enhanced. Fecal nitrogen and phosphorus outputs in the transgenic pigs were reduced by 23.2–45.8%, and growth rate improved by 23.0% (gilts) and 24.4% (boars) compared with that of age-matched wild-type littermates under the same dietary treatment. The transgenic pigs showed an 11.5–14.5% improvement in feed conversion rate compared with the wild-type pigs. These findings indicate that the transgenic pigs are promising resources for improving feed efficiency and reducing environmental impact.
BRG1 governs glucocorticoid receptor interactions with chromatin and pioneer factors across the genome
Authors: Hoffman Jackson A , Trotter Kevin W , Ward James M , Archer Trevor K
Published: May 2018

The Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) alters transcriptional activity in response to hormones by interacting with chromatin at GR binding sites (GBSs) throughout the genome. Our work in human breast cancer cells identifies three classes of GBSs with distinct epigenetic characteristics and reveals that BRG1 interacts with GBSs prior to hormone exposure. The GBSs pre-occupied by BRG1 are more accessible and transcriptionally active than other GBSs. BRG1 is required for a proper and robust transcriptional hormone response and knockdown of BRG1 blocks recruitment of the pioneer factors FOXA1 and GATA3 to GBSs. Finally, GR interaction with FOXA1 and GATA3 binding sites was restricted to sites pre-bound by BRG1. These findings demonstrate that BRG1 establishes specialized chromatin environments that define multiple classes of GBS. This in turn predicts that GR and other transcriptional activators function via multiple distinct chromatin-based mechanisms to modulate the transcriptional response.
Dissection of the in vitro developmental program of Hammondia hammondi reveals a link between stress sensitivity and life cycle flexibility in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Sokol Sarah L , Primack Abby S , Nair Sethu C , Wong Zhee S , Tembo Maiwase , Verma Shiv K , Cerqueira-Cezar Camila K , Dubey JP , Boyle Jon P
Published: May 2018

Most eukaryotic parasites are obligately heteroxenous, requiring sequential infection of different host species in order to survive. Toxoplasma gondii is a rare exception to this rule, having a uniquely facultative heteroxenous life cycle. To understand the origins of this phenomenon, we compared development and stress responses in T. gondii to those of its its obligately heteroxenous relative, Hammondia hammondi and have identified multiple H. hammondi growth states that are distinct from those in T. gondii. Of these, the most dramatic difference was that H. hammondi was refractory to stressors that robustly induce cyst formation in T. gondii, and this was reflected most dramatically in its unchanging transcriptome after stress exposure. We also found that H. hammondi could be propagated in vitro for up to 8 days post-excystation, and we exploited this to generate the first ever transgenic H. hammondi line. Overall our data show that H. hammondi zoites grow as stringently regulated, unique life stages that are distinct from T. gondii tachyzoites, and implicate stress sensitivity as a potential developmental innovation that increased the flexibility of the T. gondii life cycle.
A Swiss army knife for targeting receptors
Authors: Amin Johansen B , Wollmuth Lonnie P
Published: May 2018

A compound can change the activity of NMDA receptors in some regions of a synapse without affecting those in other regions.
Epidemiology of congenital heart diseases in Bogotá, Colombia, from 2001 to 2014: Improved surveillance or increased prevalence?
Authors: Tassinari Stefano , Martínez-Vernaza Samuel , Erazo-Morera Nicole , Pinzón-Arciniegas María Camila , Gracia Gloria , Zarante Ignacio
Published: May 2018

Introducción. Las cardiopatías congénitas son alteraciones estructurales y funcionales del corazón, sistema circulatorio y grandes vasos que se desarrollan durante la embriogénesis cardiaca. A nivel mundial dichos defectos son una causa importante de morbi-mortalidad en la población infantil.Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de cardiopatías congénitas en la ciudad de Bogotá, durante el periodo de 2001 a 2014 y evaluar la tendencia en el tiempo.Material y métodos. Se analizaron 405.408 recién nacidos del Programa de Vigilancia y Seguimiento de Niños con Anomalías Congénitas de la Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá calculando la prevalencia de las cardiopatías congénitas a través de un registro diario de nacimientos y su evaluación clínica y paraclínica. Se clasificaron en aisladas, complejas y asociada y se halló la prevalencia por año. Se evaluó la mortalidad en las primeras horas de vida.Resultados. La prevalencia de cardiopatías congénitas fue de 15,1 por cada 10.000 recién nacidos en todo el período, pero se evidenciaron valores por encima de 20x10.000 en los últimos 3 años. Del total, 46% fueron de sexo femenino, 53,16% de sexo masculino y 0.33% indeterminado. De los nacidos malformados, 397 cardiopatías fueron aisladas, 142 asociadas a otras malformaciones extracardiacas y 74 complejas.Conclusiones. Las cardiopatías tienen gran impacto en la salud de la población infantil y aunque la prevalencia es menor que en otros países, esto puede deberse a subregistro a nivel nacional. Se nota un aumento en la prevalencia en los últimos 3 años que puede corresponder a la implementación de los programas de vigilancia nacional y local. Sugerimos continuar el desarrollo de programas que incrementen e incentiven el tamizaje y registro de estas patologías.
Diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols, and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Colombia
Authors: Yepes Ismael De Jesús , Múnera María Nicol , Martelo Carlos
Published: May 2018

Introducción. Cada vez hay más información sobre la efectividad de una dieta baja en oligosacáridos, disacáridos, monosacáridos y polioles fermentables (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols, FODMAP) en pacientes con síndrome de intestino irritable. Sin embargo, no hay estudios que estimen la eficacia de esta estrategia en nuestro medio.Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de una dieta baja en FODMAP en la calidad de vida y en la intensidad de los síntomas en pacientes con síndrome de intestino irritable en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se recopiló información clínica y demográfica de todos los pacientes en el momento de su inclusión; después, un encuestador entrenado utilizó la encuesta Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QoL) para estimar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. La intensidad de los síntomas se evaluó mediante una escala visual, antes y después del inicio de la dieta baja en FODMAP.Resultados. La muestra final incluyó a 50 personas. Se observó una reducción significativa de todos los síntomas (reducción promedio de todas las escalas: 19,8 mm; IC95%: 16,2-23,4 mm; p<0,001), y un incremento en todas las escalas de la IBS-QoL, incluida la de resumen global de la encuesta (14,7 puntos; IC95%: 9,4-20,1; p<0,001). El sexo, la edad, el índice de masa corporal, el estado socioeconómico y el régimen de salud, no se asociaron con la mejoría de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud.Conclusión. La dieta supervisada y baja en FODMAP disminuyó los síntomas y mejoró la calidad de vida en pacientes con síndrome de intestino irritable. Es necesario hacer estudios controlados sobre otros factores ligados a la evolución del síndrome para confirmar estos resultados.
Effectiveness of low back pain treatment with acupuncture
Authors: Montes Lina Alejandra , Valenzuela Mónica Juliana
Published: May 2018

Introducción. En Colombia se estima que 40 % de la población ha recurrido a servicios de acupuntura para el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas; sin embargo, la información sobre la efectividad de este tratamiento es limitada.Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la acupuntura en pacientes con lumbalgia tratados en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud de Bogotá.Materiales y métodos. Se tomaron 150 historias clínicas de pacientes con lumbalgia atendidos entre enero de 2014 y mayo de 2016. De estas, se seleccionaron 48 historias según los criterios de inclusión establecidos por los autores, y se sometieron a la prueba de Friedman para determinar el efecto de la acupuntura en el dolor de los pacientes. Asimismo, mediante un instrumento de medición no estructurado, se estimó el efecto del cumplimiento del tratamiento en su efectividad.Resultados. Los resultados de la prueba de Friedman, con un nivel de confianza del 95 %, demostraron un efecto positivo en la disminución del dolor en pacientes con lumbalgia tratados con acupuntura; asimismo, se evidenció que el cumplimiento era un factor fundamental para la efectividad del tratamiento.Conclusión. Dada la efectividad de la acupuntura y la importancia del cumplimiento del tratamiento, es importante incluirlo en los servicios del plan obligatorio de salud.
Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in a pregnant woman with systemic lupus erythematous
Authors: Restrepo Mauricio , Giraldo Lilliana María , Montoya Luisa Fernanda , Vanegas Adriana Lucía , Muñoz Carlos Horacio , Vásquez Gloria María , González Luis Alonso
Published: May 2018

El lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria crónica que afecta múltiples sistemas orgánicos, incluido el sistema nervioso central. El seudotumor cerebral es un síndrome clínico que se caracteriza por aumento de la presión intracraneal en ausencia de lesiones que ocupen espacio u otra causa detectable, que afecta con frecuencia a mujeres jóvenes y obesas.Se presenta el caso de una mujer con diagnóstico de seudotumor cerebral y lupus eritematoso sistémico diagnosticado de novo durante el embarazo.
Contaminación por mercurio de leche materna de madres lactantes de municipios de Antioquia con explotación minera de oro
Authors: Molina Carlos Federico , Arango Catalina María , Sepúlveda Hernán
Published: May 2018

Introducción. La leche materna es esencial para el desarrollo del ser humano, pero puede contener sustancias tóxicas provenientes de la contaminación ambiental, especialmente en las áreas mineras.Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de la contaminación con mercurio de la leche materna de mujeres lactantes residentes en los municipios con explotación minera de oro.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal de 150 madres lactantes de cuatro municipios mineros de Antioquia (El Bagre, Segovia, Remedios y Zaragoza), a quienes se les hizo una encuesta sobre factores sociodemográficos, ocupacionales y ambientales relacionados con el mercurio, y se les tomaron muestras de leche materna, de orina y de cabello. Se calculó el promedio de la concentración de mercurio y las prevalencias municipales de contaminación.Resultados. El promedio de la concentración de mercurio en la leche materna fue de 2,5 (± desviación estándar 9,2) μg/L. La prevalencia de muestras de leche materna con niveles altos de mercurio fue de 11,7 %.Conclusión. En este estudio se evidencia un grave problema en las regiones mineras auríferas de Antioquia por el efecto de la contaminación con mercurio en sectores de la población más vulnerable.
Prevalencia de síntomas depresivos e invarianza factorial de la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) en población indígena mexicana
Authors: Franco-Díaz Karen Lizbeth , Fernández-Niño Julián Alfredo , Astudillo-García Claudia Iveth
Published: May 2018

Introducción. La versión breve de la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CESD) es un recurso factible para la tamización de los síntomas de depresión en la población general, pero no se ha reportado la prevalencia en la población indígena, ni su invarianza factorial en Latinoamérica.Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de los síntomas de depresión y la invarianza factorial de la versión breve de la escala CES-D en población indígena mexicana.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal en una muestra representativa de 37.165 adultos mexicanos de 20 a 59 años de edad. La identidad indígena se determinó mediante el propio reporte de la persona como hablante de una lengua indígena. Se conformaron ocho grupos de análisis según el sexo, el alfabetismo y el ser indígena. Se describió la prevalencia de los síntomas depresivos en cada grupo, así como la invarianza factorial de la configuración de los perfiles mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio. Las matrices de varianza y covarianza se compararon entre pares de perfiles usando el test modificado de Mantel.Resultados. La prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en mujeres indígenas que sabían leer fue de 16,8 % (IC95%: 13,4-20,3); en mujeres indígenas que no sabían leer, de 21,3 % (IC95%: 15,5-27,1); en hombres indígenas que sabían leer de 8,5 % (IC95%: 6,0-11,1), y en hombres indígenas que no sabían leer de 10,4 % (IC95%: 5,2-15,6). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las cargas factoriales entre los perfiles.Conclusión. Se reportó una menor prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en indígenas que en la población no indígena. La escala CES-D en su versión breve mostró invarianza factorial al emplearla en la población indígena.
Interações dos sistemas nervoso, endócrino e imune na fisiopatologia da esquizofrenia
Authors: Araújo Arão Nogueira de , Sena Eduardo Pondé de
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: Revisar a fisiopatologia da esquizofrenia, considerando os inúmeros mecanismos homeostáticos que envolvem os sistemas nervoso, endócrino e imune. Método: Foram selecionados artigos, envolvendo seres humanos, publicados entre maio de 2006 e abril de 2011, em revistas indexadas na base de dados PUBMED/MEDLINE, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, contendo os unitermos “homeostase”, “neuroendocrinologia”, “imunologia” e “neuroglia”, combinados um a um com os unitermos “esquizofrenia” e “fisiopatologia”. Resultados: Vinte e oito artigos foram selecionados: cinco apresentaram investigações etiológicas da esquizofrenia, seis pontuaram sobre efeitos de respostas endócrinas na esquizofrenia, dez trataram de evidências imunológicas na esquizofrenia e sete discorreram sobre alterações funcionais das células gliais na esquizofrenia. Conclusão: Os estudos selecionados enfatizaram fatores de risco e vulnerabilidade, assim como, alterações estruturais e funcionais da doença, envolvendo a ação de neurotransmissores, citocinas e glicocorticóides.
Editorial
Authors: Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia de
Published: May 2018

Editorial
A pancreatite aguda na visão do imunologista
Authors: Bendicho M. Teresita , Guedes Jorge Carvalho , Lyra Luis Guilherme , Meyer Roberto , Lemaire Denise C.
Published: May 2018

A pancreatite aguda é um processo inflamatório do pâncreas, decorrente da ação de enzimas inadequadamente ativadas,

que causam edema, hemorragia e até necrose pancreática e peripancreática. As células acinares presentes no pâncreas

assim como as células estelares pancreáticas tem sido alvo de estudo como participantes na formação do processo

inflamatório juntamente com outras células inflamatórias. Diversas citocinas são liberadas durante a pancreatite, e assim,

o processo inflamatório inicialmente local, pode ter uma repercussão sistêmica importante, e o paciente poderá apresentar

hipovolemia, comprometimento de múltiplos órgãos e sistemas e possibilidade de óbito. A condição clinica da pancreatite

na forma leve ou grave dependerá da extensão do processo e das complicações que podem advir.
A osteoporose e sua relação com a perda óssea alveolar em pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal
Authors: Menezes Cláudia Callegaro de , Figueredo Carlos Marcelo
Published: May 2018

O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar, na literatura, a plausibilidade de uma possível relação entre a osteoporose e a perda

óssea alveolar em pacientes com doença intestinal inflamatória (DII). A DII é uma condição inflamatória crônica, resultante

de uma resposta alterada do hospedeiro, e tem como uma de suas manifestações extraintestinais a osteoporose. Essa é

uma alteração sistêmica, na qual se observa uma perda de densidade de massa óssea, deterioração da estrutura esqueletal,

o que leva à fragilidade e à fratura. Do mesmo modo, a doença periodontal necessita de uma resposta anormal do mecanismo

de defesa do indivíduo para se desenvolver e se caracteriza por perda de estrutura óssea. Pacientes com DII apresentam

maior perda de inserção periodontal, se comparados com indivíduos saudáveis. No tratamento da DII, principalmente em

sua fase de atividade de inflamação, é muito usado o corticosteroide, um medicamento que acelera o processo de

reabsorção óssea, contribuindo para a osteoporose. Sendo assim, podemos concluir que é plausível que a perda óssea

alveolar esteja relacionada com a osteoporose em pacientes com DII, e o tratamento com corticosteroide pode contribuir

para esse processo de deterioração.
TG‐51 reference dosimetry for the Halcyon™: A clinical experience
Authors: Lloyd Samantha A.M. , Lim Tze Yee , Fave Xenia , Flores‐Martinez Everardo , Atwood Todd F. , Moiseenko Vitali
Published: May 2018

Halcyon™ is a single‐energy (6 MV‐FFF), bore‐enclosed linear accelerator. Patient setup is performed by first aligning to external lasers mounted to the front of the bore, and then loading to isocenter through pre‐defined couch shifts. There is no light field, optical distance indicator or front pointer mechanism, so positioning is verified through MV imaging with kV imaging scheduled to become available in the future. TG‐51 reference dosimetry was successfully performed for Halcyon™ in this imaging‐based setup paradigm. The beam quality conversion factor, kQ, was determined by measuring %dd(10)x three ways: (a) using a Farmer chamber with lead filtering, (b) using a Farmer chamber without lead filtering, and (c) using a PinPoint chamber without lead filtering. Values of kQ were determined to be 0.995, 0.996, and 0.996 by each measurement technique, respectively. Halcyon™'s 6 MV‐FFF beam was found to be broader than other FFF beams produced by Varian accelerators, and profile measurements at dmax showed the beam to vary less than 0.5% over the dimensions of our Farmer chamber's active volume. Reference dosimetry can be performed for the Halcyon™ accelerator simply, without specialized equipment or lead filtering with minimal dosimetric impact. This simplicity will prove advantageous in clinics with limited resources or physics support.
Iterative learning scheme to design intermittent fault estimators for nonlinear systems with parameter uncertainties and measurement noise
Authors: Feng Li , Xu Shuiqing , Chai Yi , Yang Zhimin , Zhang Ke
Published: May 2018

In this paper, an iterative learning estimator is proposed to deal with period intermittent fault estimation problem in a class of nonlinear uncertain systems. First, state observer is designed for state reconstruction, followed by the Lyapunov function is presented to guarantee the convergence of the system output. Then, the iterative learning scheme–based fault estimator is presented to track the fault signal and the optimal function is established to ensure tracking error convergence. Moreover, linear matrix inequalities and Schur complements are utilized to obtain the sufficient conditions for the existence of iterative learning estimator. Compared with the existing results, error augmented systems should not satisfy the strictly positive realness assumption. Besides, previous state estimation error is used for current fault estimation such that to improve the estimating accuracy. Finally, 2 numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed methods.
Pinning control and adaptive control for synchronization of linearly coupled reaction‐diffusion neural networks with mixed delays
Authors: He Ping
Published: May 2018

This paper focuses on the pinning control and adaptive control for synchronization of an array of linearly coupled reaction‐diffusion neural networks with mixed delays (that is, discrete and infinite distributed delays) and Dirichlet boundary condition. Firstly, the asymptotical synchronization of coupled semilinear diffusion partial differential equations with mixed time delays is achieved by employing pinning control scheme. The pinning controller is obtained by using Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional stability theory. The stability condition is represented by linear matrix inequality. The controller gain matrix is easy to be solved. Secondly, the adaptive synchronization condition of an array of linearly coupled reaction‐diffusion neural networks with mixed delays is obtained by using adaptive control scheme. Finally, two numerical examples of coupled semilinear diffusion partial differential equations with mixed time delays are given to illustrate the correctness of the obtained results.
Programmed Shape‐Morphing Scaffolds Enabling Facile 3D Endothelialization
Authors: Zhao Qilong , Wang Juan , Cui Huanqing , Chen Hongxu , Wang Yunlong , Du Xuemin
Published: May 2018

Rapid formation of a confluent endothelial monolayer is the key to the success of small‐diameter vascular grafts, which is significantly important for treating dangerous and even sometimes deadly vascular disorders. However, the difficulty to homogenously locate endothelial cells onto the lumen of small‐diameter tubular scaffolds makes 3D endothelialization greatly challenging. Here, novel shape‐morphing scaffolds enabling programmed deformation from planar shapes to small‐diameter tubular shapes are designed and developed by combining biocompatible shape memory polymer and electrospun nanofibrous membrane. Endothelial cells can be conveniently seeded and attached on the 2D surface of the scaffolds and subsequently self‐rolled into 3D organization at physiological temperature. Endothelial cell responses and functions are varied on the shape‐morphing scaffolds with different nanofibrous electrospun membranes as the inner layer, arisen from the inducement of scaffolds with different morphological, physical, and biochemical characteristics. Owing to excellent properties of the nanofibrous membrane fabricated by the coelectrospinning of poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), the shape‐morphing scaffolds with a nanofibrous PCL/GelMA inner layer support desirable homogeneous endothelial cell attachment as well as the rapid formation of biomimetic cell–scaffold interaction and cell–cell interaction under the 3D cell culture condition, therefore offering a visible approach for facile 3D endothelialization.
Molecular Tension Probes to Investigate the Mechanopharmacology of Single Cells: A Step toward Personalized Mechanomedicine
Authors: Galior Kornelia , Ma Victor Pui‐Yan , Liu Yang , Su Hanquan , Baker Nusaiba , Panettieri Reynold A. , Wongtrakool Cherry , Salaita Khalid
Published: May 2018

Given that dysregulation of mechanics contributes to diseases ranging from cancer metastasis to lung disease, it is important to develop methods for screening the efficacy of drugs that target cellular forces. Here, nanoparticle‐based tension sensors are used to quantify the mechanical response of individual cells upon drug treatment. As a proof‐of‐concept, the activity of bronchodilators is tested on human airway smooth muscle cells derived from seven donors, four of which are asthmatic. It is revealed that airway smooth muscle cells isolated from asthmatic donors exhibit greater traction forces compared to the control donors. Additionally, the mechanical signal is abolished using myosin inhibitors or further enhanced in the presence of inflammatory inducers, such as nicotine. Using the signal generated by the probes, single‐cell dose‐response measurements are performed to determine the “mechano” effective concentration (mechano‐EC50) of albuterol, a bronchodilator, which reduces integrin forces by 50%. Mechano‐EC50 values for each donor present discrete readings that are differentially enhanced as a function of nicotine treatment. Importantly, donor mechano‐EC50 values varied by orders of magnitude, suggesting significant variability in their sensitivity to nicotine and albuterol treatment. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study harnessing a piconewton tension sensor platform for mechanopharmacology.
Injectable Bioresponsive Gel Depot for Enhanced Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Yu Shuangjiang , Wang Chao , Yu Jicheng , Wang Jinqiang , Lu Yue , Zhang Yuqi , Zhang Xudong , Hu Quanyin , Sun Wujin , He Chaoliang , Chen Xuesi , Gu Zhen
Published: May 2018

Although cancer immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors holds great promise toward many types of cancers, several challenges still remain, associated with low objective response of patient rate as well as systemic side effects. Here, a combination immunotherapy strategy is developed based on a thermogelling reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive polypeptide gel for sustained release of anti‐programmed cell death‐ligand 1 antibody and dextro‐1‐methyl tryptophan, inhibitor of indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase with leveraging the ROS level in the tumor microenvironment. This bioresponsive gel depot can effectively reduce the local ROS level and facilitate release of immunotherapeutics, which leads to enhanced anti‐melanoma efficacy in vivo.
A Novel Conductive Mesoporous Layer with a Dynamic Two‐Step Deposition Strategy Boosts Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells to 20%
Authors: Sun Haoxuan , Deng Kaimo , Zhu Yayun , Liao Min , Xiong Jie , Li Yanrong , Li Liang
Published: May 2018

Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) typically use mesoporous metal oxide nanoparticles as the scaffold and electron‐transport layers. However, the traditional mesoporous layer suffers from low electron conductivity and severe carrier recombination. Here, antimony‐doped tin oxide nanorod arrays are proposed as novel transparent conductive mesoporous layers in PSCs. Such a mesoporous layer improves the electron transport as well as light utilization. To resolve the common problem of uneven growth of perovskite on rough surface, the dynamic two‐step spin coating strategy is proposed to prepare highly smooth, dense, and crystallized perovskite films with micrometer‐scale grains, largely reducing the carrier recombination ratio. The conductive mesoporous layer and high‐quality perovskite film eventually render the PSC with a remarkable PCE of 20.1% with excellent reproducibility. These findings provide a new avenue to further design high‐efficiency PSCs from the aspect of carrier transport and recombination.
Recent advances in understanding inheritance of holoprosencephaly
Authors: Dubourg Christèle , Kim Artem , Watrin Erwan , de Tayrac Marie , Odent Sylvie , David Véronique , Dupé Valérie
Published: May 2018

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a complex genetic disorder of the developing forebrain characterized by high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. HPE was initially defined as an autosomal dominant disease, but recent research has shown that its mode of transmission is more complex. The past decade has witnessed rapid development of novel genetic technologies and significant progresses in clinical studies of HPE. In this review, we recapitulate genetic epidemiological studies of the largest European HPE cohort and summarize the novel genetic discoveries of HPE based on recently developed diagnostic methods. Our main purpose is to present different inheritance patterns that exist for HPE with a particular emphasis on oligogenic inheritance and its implications in genetic counseling.
Natural Product Synthesis by C−H Activation
Authors: Sinha Soumya Kumar , Zanoni Giuseppe , Maiti Debabrata
Published: May 2018

The widespread use of transition‐metal‐mediated C−H bond activation has altered the field of organic synthesis. Notwithstanding the immense effect this strategy has had on classical organic reactions, the applications of this methodology extend further to the synthesis of natural products and drug molecules. Herein, imaginative and innovative studies on the synthesis of natural products using C−H functionalization methodologies are discussed, showing the importance of this application in the field of organic synthesis.
Bi(OTf)3 Enabled C‐F Bond Cleavage in HFIP: Electrophilic Aromatic Formylation with Difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methane
Authors: Betterley Nolan M. , Kerdphon Sutthichat , Chaturonrutsamee Suppisak , Kongsriprapan Sopanat , Surawatanawong Panida , Soorukram Darunee , Pohmakotr Manat , Andersson Pher G. , Reutrakul Vichai , Kuhakarn Chutima
Published: May 2018

Bismuth(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate [Bi(OTf)3] mediated mild electrophilic aromatic formylation utilizing difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methane (PhSCF2H) as a formylating agent in hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) as a recyclable ionizing solvent has been developed. The active formylating species was generated via C−F bond cleavage and was characterized to be a bis(phenylsulfanyl)methyl cation by experimental and computational 1H and 13C NMR.
Bilateral asymmetry of the humerus in Neandertals, Australian aborigines and medieval humans
Authors: Kubicka Anna Maria , Nowaczewska Wioletta , Balzeau Antoine , Piontek Janusz
Published: May 2018

Objectives

Bilateral asymmetry of diaphyseal shape and size may be a reflection of relative activity levels and patterns of habitual biomechanical stress in the upper arms of Neandertals and Homo sapiens. The main purpose of our study was to assess the level of directional asymmetry of humeral cross sections in Neandertals, recent Australian aborigines, and medieval farmers.

Materials and Methods

Indices of directional and absolute asymmetry (%DA and %AA) of humeral cross‐sectional properties in Neandertals and recent Homo sapiens were calculated. Evenly distributed semilandmarks around the external and internal borders of cortical bone were digitized in the course of computed tomography for analysis of shape differences between sides of the body.

Results

The medieval farmers were characterized by significant %DA and %AA for polar second moment of area (J), ratio of maximum to minimum second moments of area, and ratio of antero‐posterior to medio‐lateral bending strength. In Australian aborigines, only J in males shows significant %DA and %AA, while Neandertals exhibit no significant asymmetry of any cross‐sectional properties. Differences in cross‐sectional shape between sides of the body were established in all three analyzed groups.

Discussion

High levels of directional asymmetry of cross‐sectional shape and properties in medieval farmers may be caused by the performance of more physically demanding tasks using one side of the body from an early age in that population. Various patterns of asymmetry in Neandertals and modern humans may be caused by different habitual behaviors during growth, eco‐geographic patterns in body proportions, genetic factors, and differences in ontogeny.
Eine regio‐ und diastereoselektive anodische Aryl‐Aryl‐Kupplung in der biomimetischen Totalsynthese von (−)‐Thebain
Authors: Lipp Alexander , Ferenc Dorota , Gütz Christoph , Geffe Mario , Vierengel Nina , Schollmeyer Dieter , Schäfer Hans J. , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Opatz Till
Published: May 2018

Die Biosynthese von Thebain basiert auf der regioselektiven intramolekularen oxidativen Kupplung von (R)‐Reticulin. Seit Jahrzehnten versuchen Chemiker diese Kupplung mithilfe stöchiometrischer Oxidationsmittel zu imitieren. Allerdings wurden stets entweder niedrige Ausbeuten oder unerwünschte Regioisomere erhalten. Die Elektrochemie wäre zwar eine nachhaltige Alternative, jedoch sind bisher alle Versuche zur Verwirklichung einer elektrochemischen Thebain‐Synthese gescheitert. Hier zeigen wir eine regio‐ und diastereoselektive anodische Kupplung 3′,4′,5′‐trioxygenierter Laudanosin‐Derivate, welche erstmals einen elektrochemischen Zugang zu (−)‐Thebain gestattet.
Isolation and Characterization of Crystalline, Neutral Diborane(4) Radicals
Authors: Seufert Jens , Welz Eileen , Krummenacher Ivo , Paprocki Valerie , Böhnke Julian , Hagspiel Stephan , Dewhurst Rian D. , Tacke Reinhold , Engels Bernd , Braunschweig Holger
Published: May 2018

Diaryldihalodiboranes(4) were reacted with bis(amidinato)‐ and bis(guanidinato)silylenes to generate the first neutral diborane‐centered radicals. These formally non‐aromatic 5π electron systems are stable in the solid state as well as in solution and were characterized by solid‐state structure determination, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and EPR spectroscopy. The reactivity of one of these radicals with the oxidant 1,4‐benzoquinone led to ring‐opening and B−O bond formation.
meta‐Cyanobenzyl substituted benzimidazolium salts: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and carbonic anhydrase, α‐glycosidase, butyrylcholinesterase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties
Authors: Türker Ferhat , Barut Celepci Duygu , Aktaş Aydın , Taslimi Parham , Gök Yetkin , Aygün Muhittin , Gülçin İlhami
Published: May 2018

meta‐Cyanobenzyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors were synthesized by the reaction of a series of N‐(alkyl)benzimidazolium with 3‐bromomethyl‐benzonitrile. These benzimidazolium salts were characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. The molecular and crystal structures of 2f and 2g complexes were obtained by using the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. The derivatives of these novel NHC precursors were effective inhibitors of α‐glycosidase (AG), the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms (hCA I and II), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with Ki values in the range of 1.01–2.12 nM for AG, 189.56–402.44 nM for hCA I, 112.50–277.37 nM for hCA II, 95.45–352.58 nM for AChE, and 132.91–571.18 nM for BChE. In the last years, inhibition of the CA enzyme has been considered as a promising factor for pharmacologic intervention in a diversity of disturbances such as obesity, glaucoma, cancer, and epilepsy.
Density Functional Theory Calculations Revealing Metal‐like Band Structures for Ultrathin Germanium (111) and (211) Surface Layers
Authors: Tan Chih‐Shan , Huang Michael H.
Published: May 2018

To find out if germanium possesses facet‐dependent electrical‐conductivity properties, surface‐state density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on one to six layers of germanium (100), (110), (111), and (211) planes. Tunable Ge(100) and Ge(110) planes always present the same semiconducting band structure with a band gap of 0.67 eV expected of bulk germanium. In contrast, one, two, four, and five layers of Ge(111) and Ge(211) plane models show metal‐like band structures with continuous density of states (DOS) throughout the entire band. For three and six layers of Ge(111) and Ge(211) plane models, the normal semiconducting band structure was obtained. The plane layers with metal‐like band structures also show Ge−Ge bond‐length deviations and bond distortions, as well as significantly different 4s and 4p frontier‐orbital electron counts and relative percentages integrated over the valence and conduction bands from those of the semiconducting state. These differences should contribute to strikingly dissimilar band structures. The calculation results suggest the observation of facet‐dependent electrical‐conductivity properties of germanium materials; when making transistors from germanium, the facet effects with shrinking dimensions approaching 3 nm may also need to be considered.
Chemiluminescence of copper nanoclusters and its application for trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride detection
Authors: Chen Xiaoxia , Zhang Junmei , Li Yue , Han Suqin
Published: May 2018

Chemiluminescence (CL) of copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) induced by cerium (IV) (Ce(IV)) or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in acidic medium was observed. The potential application of CuNCs CL in analytical chemistry was also demonstrated using trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (THP) as an example based on its enhancing CL intensity for the CuNCs–Ce(IV)/KMnO4 systems. The excited state of the CuNCs acted as a luminophore in the CuNCs–Ce(IV) system, while CuNCs played the role of reductant in the CuNCs–KMnO4 system. The increased CL intensity for Ce(IV)–CuNCs system was proportional to the THP concentrations in the range of 0.1 to 10.0 μM. The detection limit was 49.0 nM and the relative standard deviation was 2.2% for 2.0 μM THP (n = 11). The proposed method was applied to detect THP in pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma samples.