bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autonomic and circulatory alterations persist despite adequate resuscitation in a 5-day sepsis swine experiment
Authors: Carrara Marta , Antenucci Pietro , Liu Shengchen , Kohler Andreas , Langer Rupert , Jakob Stephan M. , Ferrario Manuela
Published: November 2022

Autonomic and vascular failures are common phenotypes of sepsis, typically characterized by tachycardia despite corrected hypotension/hypovolemia, vasopressor resistance, increased arterial stiffness and decreased peripheral vascular resistance. In a 5-day swine experiment of polymicrobial sepsis we aimed at characterizing arterial properties and autonomic mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular homeostasis regulation, with the final goal to verify whether the resuscitation therapy in agreement with standard guidelines was successful in restoring a physiological condition of hemodynamic profile, cardiovascular interactions and autonomic control. Twenty pigs were randomized to polymicrobial sepsis and protocol-based resuscitation or to prolonged mechanical ventilation and sedation without sepsis. The animals were studied at baseline, after sepsis development, and every 24 h during the 3-days resuscitation period. Beat-to-beat carotid blood pressure (BP), carotid blood flow, and central venous pressure were continuously recorded. The two-element Windkessel model was adopted to study carotid arterial compliance, systemic vascular resistance and characteristic time constant τ. Effective arterial elastance was calculated as a simple estimate of total arterial load. Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and low frequency (LF) spectral power of diastolic BP were computed to assess autonomic activity. Sepsis induced significant vascular and autonomic alterations, manifested as increased arterial stiffness, decreased vascular resistance and τ constant, reduced BRS and LF power, higher arterial afterload and elevated heart rate in septic pigs compared to sham animals. This compromised condition was persistent until the end of the experiment, despite achievement of recommended resuscitation goals by administered vasopressors and fluids. Vascular and autonomic alterations persist 3 days after goal-directed resuscitation in a clinically relevant sepsis model. We hypothesize that the addition of these variables to standard clinical markers may better profile patients’ response to treatment and this could drive a more tailored therapy which could have a potential impact on long-term outcomes.
Texture analysis and artificial neural networks for identification of cereals—case study: wheat, barley and rape seeds
Authors: Gierz Ł. , Przybył K.
Published: November 2022

The scope of the research comprises an analysis and evaluation of samples of rape, barley and wheat seeds. The experiments were carried out using the author’s original research object. The air flow velocities to transport seeds, were set at 15, 20 and 25 m s−1. A database consisting of images was created, which allowed to determine 3 classes of kernels on the basis of 6 research variants, including their transportation way via pipe and the speed of sowing. The process of creating neural models was based on multilayer perceptron networks (MLPN) in Statistica (machine learning). It should be added that the use of MLPN also allowed identification of rape seeds, wheat seeds and barley seeds transported via pipe II at 20 m s−1, for which the lowest RMS was 0.05 and the coefficient of classification accuracy was 0.94.
Investigating the mechanisms by which selective attention affects subsequent preferences and choice
Authors: Egger Martin , Florack Arnd
Published: November 2022

In two experiments, we investigated two untested assumptions regarding the mechanism by which selective attention during search affects subsequent preferences for objects. First, we tested whether an increase in visual competition during search increases preferences for relevant objects and decreases preferences for irrelevant objects subsequent to search. Second, we tested whether searching for objects increases the perceived fluency to process relevant objects and decreases the perceived fluency to process irrelevant objects. Our results show that search can affect relevant and irrelevant objects differently. Selective attention increased preferences for target objects subsequent to search, whereas selective attention did not affect preferences for distractors. Furthermore, our results indicate that searching for a target object increased the perceived fluency for this target object during choice, whereas ignoring a distractor product blocked mere exposure effects. Contrary to assumptions made in previous research, we found no indication that the competition for visual resources during search is linked to preferences for targets or distractors.
Organic molecule functionalized lead sulfide hybrid system for energy storage and field dependent polarization performances
Authors: Ghosh Sarit K. , Waziri Ibrahim , Bo Maolin , Singh Harishchandra , Islam Rafique Ul , Mallick Kaushik
Published: November 2022

A wet chemical route is reported for synthesising organic molecule stabilized lead sulfide nanoparticles. The dielectric capacitance, energy storage performances and field-driven polarization of the organic–inorganic hybrid system are investigated in the form of a device under varying temperature and frequency conditions. The structural analysis confirmed the formation of the monoclinic phase of lead sulfide within the organic network. The band structure of lead sulfide was obtained by density functional theory calculation that supported the semiconductor nature of the material with a direct band gap of 2.27 eV. The dielectric performance of the lead sulfide originated due to the dipolar and the space charge polarization. The energy storage ability of the material was investigated under DC-bias conditions, and the device exhibited the power density values 30 W/g and 340 W/g at 100 Hz and 10 kHz, respectively. The electric field-induced polarization study exhibited a fatigue-free behaviour of the device for 103 cycles with a stable dielectric strength. The study revealed that the lead sulfide-based system has potential in energy storage applications.
The spatial modification effect of predictors on household level food insecurity in Ethiopia
Authors: Dessie Zelalem G. , Zewotir Temesgen , North Delia
Published: November 2022

Household food insecurity remains highly prevalent in developing countries (including in Ethiopia) and it has been recognized as a serious public health problem. Several factors such as demographic, economic, social, and clinical factors influence household food insecurity, and these vary geographically. In this work, we investigate the geographical modification of the effect of several factors on chronic food insecurity. The data is from the Ethiopia socioeconomic survey conducted by the Ethiopia Central Statistics Agency (ECSA) in collaboration with the World Bank. Ethiopia socioeconomic survey is a long-term project to collect nationally representative panel survey of over 6500 households. A geo-additive model which accounts the structured and unstructured special effect was adopted to estimate household food insecurity risk factors. The study also revealed significant spatial variations on household food insecurity among administrative zones. Mainly, household living in the Sidama, Gamo Gofa, Shinille, Basketo, Wolyita, Wag Hemira, Liben, Awi, Eastern Tigray and West Harerghe zones, having higher food insecurity than the other zones in Ethiopia. Moreover, the analysis also showed that availability of credit services, proximity to service centers, average years of schooling of members of the household, and household assets are negatively associated with household food insecurity, whereas shocks, age, and dependency ratio increase the odds of a household to be food insecured. The generalized geo-additive mixed-effects model enables simultaneous modeling of spatial correlation, heterogeneity and possible nonlinear effects of covariates. Our study investigated the spatial heterogeneity of household level food insecurity, and its association with shocks, age, dependency ratio, availability of credit services, average years of schooling, and household assets. Our findings have also an important implication for planning as well as in the search for the variables that might account for the residual spatial patterns.
Continental tapering of South America caused asymmetric non-uniform opening of the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Gao Dengliang
Published: November 2022

South Atlantic opening has been typically modelled as being related to symmetric and static thermal upwelling and seafloor spreading that drive divergent continental drift of South America and Africa. Comparative analyses, however, show that South Atlantic opening is asymmetric and non-uniform. For neither asymmetric nor non-uniform opening are the underlying mechanisms clear. Here I use geological and geophysical data to inform analytical modelling, revealing that westward drifting and southward tapering of the South American continent have controlled the asymmetry and the non-uniformity in South Atlantic opening. I interpret that the asymmetric non-uniform seafloor spreading caused the ridge and hotspots to migrate, leaving behind non-linear seamount trails that are indicative of the speed of hotspot migration rather than direction of plate movement. The findings point towards a chain reaction from continental drifting, through seafloor spreading to ridge-hotspot interaction, which is instrumental in understanding the geodynamics for global plate tectonics.
Study on the electronic and optical properties of van der Waals heterostructures of blue phosphorene and Janus-WSeS monolayers for photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Feng Shiquan , Guo Feng , Yuan Chaosheng , Wang Zheng , Miao Feng , Zhang Huanjun
Published: November 2022

(a) Planar average electrostatic potential of blue-P/WSeS along the c-axial direction. (b) Schematic plot of the band alignment between the two layers in blue-P/WSeS and the migration of photogenerated electrons and holes at the interface.
Photoredox aerobic oxidative cycliation ofN-arylacrylamides with benzylalcohols
Authors: Abdukader Ablimit , Abdukerem Dilshat , Liu Changhong
Published: November 2022

A visible-light-induced aerobic oxidative coupling/cyclization reaction ofN-arylacrylamides with benzylalcohols has been developed.
An asymmetric metal-templated route to amino acids with an isoquinolone coreviaa Rh(iii)-catalyzed coupling of aryl hydroxamates with chiral propargylglycine Ni(ii) complexes
Authors: Arsenov Mikhail A. , Stoletova Nadezhda V. , Savel'yeva Tat'yana F. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Maleev Victor I. , Loginov Dmitry A. , Larionov Vladimir A.
Published: November 2022

The first asymmetric route to artificial amino acids with an isoquinolone skeleton was elaboratedviaa straightforward Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation reaction.
Negating Na‖Na3Zr2Si2PO12 interfacial resistance for dendrite-free and “Na-less” solid-state batteries
Authors: Li Rui , Jiang Daochuan , Du Peng , Yuan Chenbo , Cui Xiaoyu , Tang Qichen , Zheng Jian , Li Yecheng , Lu Ke , Ren Xiaodi , Gao Shan , Zhan Xiaowen
Published: November 2022

A novel Pb/C interlayer is introduced on Na3Zr2Si2PO12 solid electrolyte, which offers perfect Na wettability, negates interfacial resistance, and allows in situ fabrication of “Na-less” anodes for stable solid-state Na-metal batteries.
Positive and negative electrocaloric effect in the direct and indirect characterization of NaNbO3-based ceramics with tetragonal–cubic phase boundary
Authors: Tao Hong , Yin Jie , Zhao Lin , Wu Bo , Ma Jian , Ergu Daji , Wu Jiagang
Published: November 2022

A novel phenomenon of negative ΔT is observed during indirect characterization, while positive values for direct characterization.
Self-powered wearable sensing devices based on a flexible ammonium-ion battery with fatigue resistance and frost resistance based on a strong and tough hydrogel
Authors: Yang Jia , Zhang Bin , Tian Xiyu , Liu Shuzheng , Xu Zhichao , Sun Gengzhi , Qin Gang , Chen Qiang
Published: November 2022

Flexible ammonium-ion battery-based self-powered wearable sensing devices can monitor various human motions sensitively and stably without an external power supply.
Assessment of Hearing-Related Lifestyle Based on the Common Sound Scenarios Framework
Authors: Lelic Dina , Wolters Florian , Herrlin Petra , Smeds Karolina
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Auditory lifestyle can play a role in hearing care needs, and, as such, it needs to be considered when treating people with hearing loss. In this study, we propose a questionnaire consisting of 24 listening situations based on the Common Sound Scenarios (CoSS) framework.

Method:

Seventeen experienced hearing aid (HA) users filled out the Hearing-Related Lifestyle Questionnaire four times: Days 1, 2, 15, and 29. The questionnaire consisted of 24 listening situations that participants rated on frequency of occurrence, importance to hear well, difficulty to hear, and HA satisfaction. Four questionnaire outcomes were extracted from these ratings: richness of hearing-related lifestyle, hearing demand, hearing difficulty, and HA satisfaction. Additionally, the participants were asked whether any listening situations are not understandable or relatable, whether any situations are missing from the questionnaire, and whether the number of questions is acceptable. Test–retest reliability analyses were done to assess whether the questionnaire outcomes are reliable across the four reports. Correlation analyses were done to assess whether there is a relationship between the questionnaire outcomes.

Results:

The questionnaire outcomes have excellent reliability. The listening situations in the questionnaire are generally complete and relatable, and the number of questions is acceptable. Correlation analyses revealed that the questionnaire outcomes are related to each other.

Conclusions:

Currently, there are no other hearing-related lifestyle questionnaires that purely assess listening situations. The proposed questionnaire has the potential to add to our understanding of hearing-related lifestyle of people needing or undergoing hearing care.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21514044
Video-Based Facial Movement Analysis in the Assessment of Bulbar Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Clinical Validation
Authors: Guarin Diego L. , Taati Babak , Abrahao Agessandro , Zinman Lorne , Yunusova Yana
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Facial movement analysis during facial gestures and speech provides clinically useful information for assessing bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, current kinematic methods have limited clinical application due to the equipment costs. Recent advancements in consumer-grade hardware and machine/deep learning made it possible to estimate facial movements from videos. This study aimed to establish the clinical validity of a video-based facial analysis for disease staging classification and estimation of clinical scores.

Method:

Fifteen individuals with ALS and 11 controls participated in this study. Participants with ALS were stratified into early and late bulbar ALS groups based on their speaking rate. Participants were recorded with a three-dimensional (3D) camera (color + depth) while repeating a simple sentence 10 times. The lips and jaw movements were estimated, and features related to sentence duration and facial movements were used to train a machine learning model for multiclass classification and to predict the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS-R) bulbar subscore and speaking rate.

Results:

The classification model successfully separated healthy controls, the early ALS group, and the late ALS group with an overall accuracy of 96.1%. Video-based features demonstrated a high ability to estimate the speaking rate (adjustedR2= .82) and a moderate ability to predict the ALSFRS-R bulbar subscore (adjustedR2= .55).

Conclusions:

The proposed approach based on a 3D camera and machine learning algorithms represents an easy-to-use and inexpensive system that can be included as part of a clinical assessment of bulbar ALS to integrate facial movement analysis with other clinical data seamlessly
Expanding the Clinical Toolset: Acoustic Analyses for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists in the 21st Century
Authors: Bunta Ferenc , Gósy Mária
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Clinical practice in audiology and speech-language pathology in the 21st century could greatly benefit from incorporating acoustic analyses because they can enhance and augment more traditional measures used when assessing communication disorders. However, more than 2 decades into our new millennium, acoustic analyses have not become widely used in clinical practice despite the fact that such analyses are free, widely available, and easy to use. More importantly, they hold unique advantages that could greatly benefit service delivery by speech-language pathologists and audiologists. In this clinical focus article, we aim to (a) present the utility and the benefits of using acoustic analyses in clinical practice, (b) illustrate those benefits with specific examples, and (c) encourage clinicians to take advantage of the unique contributions that acoustic analyses of speech may offer above and beyond traditional evaluations.

Conclusions:

The significant number of publications on clinical populations in communication disorders that include acoustic analyses testifies to the utility and necessity of such analyses for practicing audiologists and speech-language pathologists. We demonstrate the use of acoustic analyses with examples that range from aphasia to speech sound disorders, and we aim to demonstrate how acoustic analyses of speech can be a valued supplement to more traditional clinical evaluations.
A taxonomy of factors influencing worker's performance in human–robot collaboration
Authors: Di Pasquale Valentina , De Simone Valentina , Giubileo Valeria , Miranda Salvatore
Published: November 2022

The occurrence of human errors significantly affects the performance and economic results of production systems. In this context, Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) methods play a key role in assessing the reliability of a man–machine system. Several HRA methods use Performance‐Shaping Factors (PSFs), that is, all the aspects of human behaviour and environment that can affect human performance, to evaluate the Human Error Probability (HEP). However, despite the greater emphasis given by researchers to define of PSFs in recent years, the changes caused by the new enabling technologies implemented in manufacturing systems and derived from the Industry 4.0 paradigm have not yet been fully explored. Focussing on Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC) in production systems, the authors aim to define a PSF taxonomy that is useful for HEP evaluations in collaborative environments. To the best of the authors' knowledge, HRA approaches have not been investigated yet for HRC applications. The proposed taxonomy, which results from the integration of the most significant factors impacting workers' performance in HRC into the PSFs provided by an HRA method, can represent an important contribution for researchers and practitioners towards improving HRA methods and their applications in the context of Industry 4.0.
Estimation of the electrical parameters of overhead transmission lines using Kalman Filtering with particle swarm optimization
Authors: Pereira Ronaldo F. R. , Albuquerque Felipe P. , Liboni Luisa Helena B. , Costa Eduardo C. Marques , Monteiro José Humberto A.
Published: November 2022

The parameter estimation for transmission systems is important to power flow analysis, planning the expansion of electric power systems, stability, dispatch and economic analysis. This type of task is developed through systems identification methods, being the least squares method and its variations the most common techniques to obtain the transmission line parameters. However, these techniques have some disadvantages, such as non‐recursive parameter estimation or the availability of an ideally transposed line, in order to address a problem with symmetric matrices, which simplifies the estimation process. In this paper, a non‐linear method (Extended Kalman Filter) is presented to obtain the states of the transmission line terminals jointly with the vectorized matrix of parameters; such approach is strongly affected by the initial conditions; these conditions are usually obtained manually, which requires a lot of time and effort. Therefore, an optimization method (Particle Swarm Optimization) is applied in order to improve the convergence of the EKF, which reduces the time for adjusting the hyper‐parameters and improves the estimated results. The proposed method showed accurate results for non‐transposed systems, and also in comparison with results obtained from the same EKF‐based method without the proposed optimization technique.
An autonomous emergency braking strategy based on non‐linear model predictive deceleration control
Authors: Mu Hongyuan , Li Zebin , Sun Guozheng , Li Liang , Zhao Yongtao , Mei Mingming
Published: November 2022

Surrogate safety measures (SSM) are used to assess the risk for autonomous emergency braking system (AEBS). Developing appropriate SSM and accurately executing the braking request are the key issues. Time‐to‐collision (TTC) is a typical time‐based SSM with limitations. By analyzing the braking process, this paper proposes a new SSM based on deceleration rate to avoid collision (DRAC). As the brake actuator, vehicle electronic stability control (ESC) system has many problems, such as large overshoot and pressure fluctuation. Considering the model of hydraulic control unit (HCU) and vehicle, a deceleration controller based on non‐linear model predictive control (NMPC) is proposed. Based on this, a layered AEBS architecture is proposed. The upper‐layer AEBS controller calculates the expected deceleration based on modified DRAC (MDRAC), and transmits it to the lower‐layer NMPC deceleration controller. Finally, the simulation and experimental tests are carried out. The results show that the system has a fast and stable response. In addition, the performance of the proposed AEBS strategy is tested according to the Euro‐NCAP test protocol. Comparing the results with the TTC method, the proposed method can improve the stability of the distance margin by more than 0.55 m, which ensures the safety and improves the stability of the vehicle.
Photocatalytic and eletrocatalytic activity of black TiO2 nanotube arrays by aluminothermic reduction
Authors: Li Bingchen , Jiang Ying , Liu Jiaming , Hui Kezhen , Guo Limin
Published: November 2022

The black TiO2 nanotubes arrays were prepared by anodizing and aluminothermic reduction process. The prepared samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photochemical/electrical catalytic activity of the samples before and after blackening treatment was tested. Comparing with the raw TiO2, the macrostructure of the black TiO2 nanotube arrays changes a little, and the tubal walls become a little thicker and rough. The photocatalytic hydrogen production rate has an obvious enhancement (from 8.9 µmol cm−2 h−1 to 22.8 µmol cm−2 h−1) after the blackening treatment and the electrocatalytic H2 evolution rate is also improved with a lower onset potential. The increment of trivalent Ti3+ on the surface is confirmed by XPS and presented by the colour changing of the samples (from white colour to black). The hybrid energy band gap and reduced charge transfer barrier are proved to be essential in promoting the catalytic properties of the black TiO2 nanotube arrays.
VCSEL quick fabrication of 894.6 nm wavelength epi‐material for miniature atomic clock applications
Authors: Baker Jack , Allford Craig. P. , Gillgrass Sara. , Peach Tomas. , Meiklejohn James , Hentschel Curtis , Meredith Wyn , Powell Denise , Sweet Tracy , Haji Mohsin , Davies J. Iwan , Shutts Samuel , Smowton Peter M.
Published: November 2022

A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) quick fabrication (VQF) process is applied to epitaxial materials designed for miniature atomic clock applications (MACs). The process is used to assess material quality and uniformity of a full 100 mm (4‐inch) wafer against the stringent target specification of VCSELs for MACs. Target specifications in optical power (>0.6 mW) and differential efficiencies (<0.5 W/A) are achieved over large portions of a wafer; however, the variation in the oxide aperture diameter is shown to limit the yield. The emission of the fundamental mode at 894.6 nm at 70 is met over a significant area of the wafer for ∼4 m aperture multi‐mode devices. The consideration of the on‐wafer variation reveals that further optimisation is required to increase the device yield to levels required for volume manufacture.
A new high step‐up DC power supply with modular switched capacitor cells
Authors: Kord Fahimeh , Rezanejad Mohammad , Sheikholeslami Abdolreza
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a novel high step‐up direct current (DC)‐DC converter, using switched‐capacitor (SC) cells, is proposed. Upon turning a set of switches in this converter on/off, the capacitors are connected to each other in a circuit configuration, and charged through the source. Then, the capacitors are reconnected in a different configuration by turning the switches off/on, and generate high output voltage. This modular converter is able to produce flexible, high output voltage from low input voltage sources. The proposed converter is accordingly studied and analysed. To verify the operation of the given converter, it is simulated via the MATLAB‐based Simulink software, and an experimental prototype is subsequently implemented on a laboratory scale.
Supporting access to key pan-European research infrastructures and international cooperation
Authors: Kinnunen Petri , Bignan Gilles , Pavel Gabriel , Esteban Gran Victor
Published: November 2022

Large research infrastructures, especially nuclear ones, are extremely expensive to build and operate. Therefore, to develop expertise and competences in nuclear research is more efficient to have a limited number of complementary specialized large nuclear research infrastructures, shared by European researchers from different countries.

This paper describes three different actions to improve the European collaboration in the experimental nuclear research, namely open access to the nuclear research infrastructure of the JRC, the optimization of the use of research reactors in Europe and operation planning of the Jules Horowitz reactor currently under construction.

Supporting access to key pan-European research infrastructures strengthens research and innovation, avoiding duplication and optimising resources. It contributes to the European Research Area (ERA) and the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI), as well as to maintaining competence in the EU, which is one of the objectives of the Euratom research and training programme.
Cortical Bone Model with a Microcrack under Tensile Loading
Authors: WANG Xu , CHEN Yaogeng , DING Shenghu , WANG Wenshuai , LI Xing
Published: November 2022

The fracture mechanics of cortical bone has received much attention in biomedical engineering. It is a fundamental question how the material constants and the geometric parameters of the cortical bone affect the fracture behavior of the cortical bone. In this work, the plane problem for cortical bone with a microcrack located in the interstitial tissue under tensile loading was considered. Using the solution for the continuously distributed edge dislocations as Green's functions, the problem was formulated as singular integral equations with Cauchy kernels. The numerical results suggest that a soft osteon promotes microcrack propagation, while a stiff osteon repels it, but the interaction effect between the microcrack and the osteon is limited near the osteon. This study not only sheds light on the fracture mechanics behavior of cortical bone but also offers inspiration for the design of bioinspired materials in biomedical engineering.
Probiotic Supplement for the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes: A
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Xuexia , Pan Linlin , Zhang Zengliang , Niu Renxiu , Zhang Huixin , Ma Teng
Published: November 2022

Background Probiotic supplements may have some potential in preventing
gestational diabetes, and this meta-analysis aims to explore the efficacy of
probiotic supplements to prevent gestational diabetes.

Methods PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library
databases were systematically searched, and we included randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of probiotic supplements on the incidence of
gestational diabetes mellitus. Meta-analysis was performed using the
fixed-effect or random-effect model as appropriate.

Results Six RCTs were finally included in the meta-analysis. Overall,
compared with control intervention in pregnant women, probiotic supplementation
intervention showed no obvious impact on the incidence of gestational diabetes
(OR=0.68; 95% CI=0.39 to 1.20; P=0.18), fasting
plasma glucose (SMD=−0.05; 95% CI=−0.29
to 0.19; P=0.69), 2 h-OGTT (SMD=−0.07; 95%
CI=−0.27 to 0.13; P=0.47), gestational age
(SMD=0.04; 95% CI=−0.14 to 0.21; P=0.69)
or preeclampsia (OR=1.22; 95% CI=0.83 to 1.78;
P=0.31).

Conclusions Probiotic supplementation was confirmed to have no benefits
for the prevention of gestational diabetes.
Design of a coaxial and compact TM01–TE01 mode converter based on helical corrugated waveguide for high-power microwave system
Authors: Liu Sidi , Jiang Lihui , Li Hao , Zhao Jianing , Wang Keqiang , Wang Haiyang , Li Tianming , Zhou Yihong , Ghannouchi Fadhel M. , Hu Biao
Published: November 2022

In this paper, a novel X-band TM01–TE01 mode converter for high-power microwave (HPM) system is proposed. To realize the compact design, a helical corrugated waveguide with large deformation is employed to convert the TM01 mode into TE01 mode. By optimizing the structure parameters, the simulation results demonstrate that the maximum conversion efficiency of the proposed TM01–TE01 mode converter reaches 98.8% at 9.2 GHz. Moreover, this mode converter exhibits a conversion efficiency of over 95% in the operation band from 8.7 to 9.42 GHz, and the power capacity of the mode converter reaches GW-level in theory. More importantly, the overall longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the mode converter are less than three wavelengths. The results show the compact structure and high conversion efficiency of this mode converter, which has great potential application value in the HPM system.
Tolerance and adaptation mechanism of Solanaceous crops under salinity stress
Authors: Altaf Muhammad Ahsan , Behera Biswaranjan , Mangal Vikas , Singhal Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Ravinder , More Sanket , Naz Safina , Mandal Sayanti , Dey Abhijit , Saqib Muhammad , Kishan Gopi , Kumar Awadhesh , Singh Brajesh , Tiwari Rahul Kumar , Lal Milan Kumar
Published: November 2022

Solanaceous crops act as a source of food, nutrition and medicine for humans. Soil salinity is a damaging environmental stress, causing significant reductions in cultivated land area, crop productivity and quality, especially under climate change. Solanaceous crops are extremely vulnerable to salinity stress due to high water requirements during the reproductive stage and the succulent nature of fruits and tubers. Salinity stress impedes morphological and anatomical development, which ultimately affect the production and productivity of the economic part of these crops. The morpho-physiological parameters such as root-to-shoot ratio, leaf area, biomass production, photosynthesis, hormonal balance, leaf water content are disturbed under salinity stress in Solanaceous crops. Moreover, the synthesis and signalling of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, accumulation of compatible solutes, and osmoprotectant are significant under salinity stress which might be responsible for providing tolerance in these crops. The regulation at the molecular level is mediated by different genes, transcription factors, and proteins, which are vital in the tolerance mechanism. The present review aims to redraw the attention of the researchers to explore the mechanistic understanding and potential mitigation strategies against salinity stress in Solanaceous crops, which is an often-neglected commodity.
A constructional account of the development of the Chinese stance discourse markerběnlái
Authors: Zhan Fangqiong
Published: November 2022

This paper examines the emergence of the Chinese adverbběnláiand its further development into a stance discourse marker (sdm). Most previous studies consider the epistemic modal adverbběnlái(‘indeed, truly’) to have originated from the temporal adverbběnlái(‘originally’). Based on the framework of constructionalisation (Traugott and Trousdale 2013) andVan de Velde et al.’s (2013)idea of multiple sources, I argue that the temporal adverb might not have been the only source for the modalběnláito occur. Furthermore, the modal adverb changed into ansdm, thereby signaling the speaker’s subjective evaluation while linking the coherence of the discourse. I argue that the change was enabled by both subjectification and analogisation. The exemplars to whichběnláiwas by hypothesis analogised include the extant discourse connectives (e.g.,kěshì) and the extant commentary pragmatic markers (e.g.,kěliánandsuǒxìng) (Fraser 2009).
Sneutrinos as two inflatons and curvaton and leptogenesis
Authors: Takahashi Tomo , Yamada Toshifumi , Yokoyama Shuichiro
Published: November 2022

We argue that sneutrinos can be embedded in a multi-field inflation framework where two inflatons and a curvaton simultaneously contribute to primordial fluctuations, which is consistent with current constraints on the spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio from Planck and BICEP/Keck 2018. We also show that the same framework can also explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via leptogenesis realized by the decay of the lightest sneutrino. We investigate the parameter range for the scenario to work such as that of sneutrino masses. In particular, we show that the tensor-to-scalar ratio should be larger than 10-4 for a successful scenario.
Different roles of surfaces’ interaction on lattice mismatched/matched surfaces in facilitating ice nucleation
Authors: Fu Xuanhao , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2022

The freezing of water is one of the most common processes in nature and affects many aspects of human activity. Ice nucleation is a crucial part of the freezing process and usually occurs on material surfaces. There is still a lack of clear physical pictures about the central question how various features of material surfaces affect their capability in facilitating ice nucleation. Via molecular dynamics simulations, here we show that the detailed features of surfaces, such as atomic arrangements, lattice parameters, hydrophobicity, and function forms of surfaces’ interaction to water molecules, generally affect the ice nucleation through the average adsorption energy per unit-area surfaces to individual water molecules, when the lattice of surfaces mismatches that of ice. However, for the surfaces whose lattice matches ice, even the detailed function form of the surfaces’ interaction to water molecules can largely regulate the icing ability of these surfaces. This study provides new insights into understanding the diverse relationship between various microscopic features of different material surfaces and their nucleation efficacy.
Parameter estimation method for a linear frequency modulation signal with a Duffing oscillator based on frequency periodicity
Authors: Zhang Ningzhe , Yan Xiaopeng , Lv Minghui , Chen Xiumei , Huang Dingkun
Published: November 2022

In view of the complexity of existing linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal parameter estimation methods and the poor antinoise performance and estimation accuracy under a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a parameter estimation method for LFM signals with a Duffing oscillator based on frequency periodicity is proposed in this paper. This method utilizes the characteristic that the output signal of the Duffing oscillator excited by the LFM signal changes periodically with frequency, and the modulation period of the LFM signal is estimated by autocorrelation processing of the output signal of the Duffing oscillator. On this basis, the corresponding relationship between the reference frequency of the frequency-aligned Duffing oscillator and the frequency range of the LFM signal is analyzed by the periodic power spectrum method, and the frequency information of the LFM signal is determined. Simulation results show that this method can achieve high-accuracy parameter estimation for LFM signals at an SNR of −25 dB.
Simulation of single bubble dynamic process in pool boiling process under microgravity based on phase field method
Authors: Zhu Chang-Sheng , Zhao Bo-Rui , Lei Yao , Guo Xiu-Ting
Published: November 2022

We use the phase field method to track the gas–liquid interface based on the gas–liquid two-phase flow in the pool boiling process, and study the bubble nucleation, growth, deformation, departure and other dynamic behaviors on the heating surface under microgravity. By simulating the correlation between liquid undercooling and bubble dynamics, we find that the bubble growth time increases with the increase of liquid undercooling, but the effect of liquid undercooling on bubble height is not significant. Meanwhile, the gas–liquid–solid three-phase contact angle and the gravity level will also have an effect on the bubble growth time and bubble height. With the increase of the contact angle, the bubble growth time and bubble height when the bubble departs also increase. While the effect of gravity level is on the contrary, the smaller the gravity level is, the larger the bubble height and bubble growth time when the bubble separates.
Mass Distribution of Black Holes with Effects of Convective Carbon Shell Burning on Pair-instability Pulsation and Fe Core Collapse
Authors: Xin Wenyu , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Zhao Gang , Zhang Xianfei
Published: November 2022

Motivated by the determination of black hole masses with gravitational-wave observations, we calculate the evolution of massive stars through presupernova stages and obtain the mass distribution of black holes. In the first part, we calculate the evolution of He stars with masses of 30–120 M
⊙. We study in detail how convective carbon shell burning controls pair-instability pulsations before and during oxygen burning and determine their final fates. In the second part, we calculate the evolution of H-rich stars with initial masses of 13–80 M
⊙ until Fe core collapse and obtain the possible black hole mass range by applying the criterion of the compactness parameters. From these models, we predict the mass distribution of black holes for stars that undergo Fe core collapse and pair-instability pulsation. The predicted masses for black holes range from 4.2 to 46 M
⊙, which are consistent with the gravitational-wave observations.
Past and Future of a Type Ia Supernovae Progenitor Candidate HD 265435
Authors: Qi Wei-Zhong , Liu Dong-Dong , Wang Bo
Published: November 2022

As one of the most useful cosmological distance indicators, type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) play an important role in the study of cosmology. However, the progenitors of SNe Ia are still uncertain. It has been suggested that carbon-oxygen white dwarf (CO WD)+He subgiant systems could produce SNe Ia through the double-degenerate (DD) model, in which the He subgiant transfers He-rich matter to the primary CO WD and finally evolves to another CO WD. Recently, a CO WD+He star system (i.e., HD 265435) has been discovered to be a new SNe Ia progenitor candidate based on the DD model. The orbital period of the system is about 0.0688 days, and the masses of the CO WD and the He star are 1.01 ± 0.15 M
⊙ and

0.63

−
0.12

+
0.13

M
⊙, respectively. In this work, we evolve a large number of primordial binaries to the formation of CO WD+He star systems and investigate the evolutionary history of HD 265435. We find that HD 265435 may originate from a primordial binary that has a 5.18 M
⊙ primary and a 3.66 M
⊙ secondary with an initial orbital period of 5200 days. The CO WD+He star system would be formed after the primordial binary experiences two common-envelope ejection processes. We also find that HD 265435 would evolve to a double WD system with a total mass of 1.58 M
⊙ after a stable mass-transfer process, and the double WD system would merge driven by gravitational wave radiation. We estimate that it would take about 76 Myr for HD 265435 to form an SN Ia. In addition, HD 265435 would be a potential target of space-based gravitational wave observatories (e.g., LISA, Taiji and TianQin).
Acceleration and focusing of positron bunch in a dielectric wakefield accelerator
with plasma in transport channel
Authors: Markov P.I. , Kniaziev R.R. , Sotnikov G.V.
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the results of numerical particle-in-cell simulation of the positron bunch focusing during acceleration in a plasma dielectric wakefield accelerator. The wakefield is excited by drive electron bunch in quartz dielectric tube, embedded in a cylindrical metal waveguide. The internal area of the dielectric tube is filled with plasma having in the general case the paraxial vacuum channel. Two different models of the plasma density radius-relationship are investigated: the homogeneous model and the inhomogeneous dependence characterized the capillary discharge. Results of the numerical particle-in-cell simulation show that a simultaneous acceleration and focusing of the test positron bunch in the wakefield is possible. The dependence of transport and acceleration of the positron bunch with change in the size of vacuum channel, waveguide length and the plasma density-radius model is studied.
Highly water-stable bimetallic organic framework MgCu-MOF74 for inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting bone regeneration
Authors: Liu Jiamin , Tan Yanni , Shen Erdong , Liu Bo , Tian Yingtao , Liang Luxin , Yan Xinxin , Wu Hong
Published: November 2022

As a typical metal-organic framework (MOF), Mg-MOF74 can release biocompatible Mg2+ when the framework is degraded, and it has the potential to be used as filler in the field of bone tissue engineering. However, Mg-MOF74 has poor stability in aqueous environment and limited antibacterial ability, which limit its further development and applications. In this work, MgCu-MOF74 particles with different Cu content were synthesized through a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The physicochemical properties and water stability of the synthesized powders were characterized. The osteogenic potential of the MgCu-MOF74 particles on human osteogenic sarcoma cells (SaOS-2) was evaluated. The hybrid MgCu-MOF74 exhibited favorable water stability. These results indicated that MgCu-MOF74 enhanced cellular viability, alkaline phosphatase levels, collagen (COL) synthesis and osteogenesis-related gene expression. Moreover, the samples doped with Cu2+ were more sensitive to the acidic microenvironment produced by bacteria, and exhibited stronger antibacterial ability than Mg-MOF74. In conclusion, MgCu-MOF-74 with good water stability, osteogenic ability and antibacterial ability, which could be attributed to the doping of Cu2+. Hence, MgCu-MOF74 shows great potential as a novel medical bio-functional fillers for the treatment of bone defects.
Indecomposable doubling for representations of the type I Lie superalgebras sl(m/n) and osp(2/2n)
Authors: Jarvis Peter D , Thierry-Mieg Jean
Published: November 2022

We establish that for the type I Lie superalgebras

s
l
(
m

/

n
)

and

o
s
p
(
2

/

2
n
)

, each Kac module admits a 1 parameter family of indecomposable double extensions. The result follows from the explicit evaluation of the H
1 Lie superalgebra cohomology valued in the tensor product of the module and its dual.
Extremal statistics of a one-dimensional run and tumble particle with an absorbing wall
Authors: Singh Prashant , Santra Saikat , Kundu Anupam
Published: November 2022

We study the extreme value statistics of a run and tumble particle (RTP) in one dimension till its first passage to the origin starting from the position

x
0

 
(
>
0
)

. This model has recently drawn a lot of interest due to its biological application in modelling the motion of certain species of bacteria. Herein, we analytically study the exact time-dependent propagators for a single RTP in a finite interval with absorbing conditions at its two ends. By exploiting a path decomposition technique, we use these propagators appropriately to compute the joint distribution

of the maximum displacement M till first-passage and the time t

m
at which this maximum is achieved exactly. The corresponding marginal distributions

P

M

(
M
)

and

P
M

(

t
m

)

are studied separately and verified numerically. In particular, we find that the marginal distribution

P
M

(

t
m

)

has interesting asymptotic forms for large and small t

m
. While for small t

m
, the distribution

P
M

(

t
m

)

depends sensitively on the initial velocity direction σ

i
and is completely different from the Brownian motion, the large t

m
decay of

P
M

(

t
m

)

is same as that of the Brownian motion although the amplitude crucially depends on the initial conditions x
0 and σ

i
. We verify all our analytical results to high precision by numerical simulations.
The advantages of standardizing exhaled breath-alcohol concentration to a reference respiratory gas—water vapor
Authors: Lindberg Lars , Jones Alan Wayne
Published: November 2022

Measuring the concentration of alcohol (ethanol) in exhaled breath (BrAC) provides a rapid and non-invasive way to determine the co-existing concentration in arterial blood (A-BAC). The results of breath-alcohol testing are used worldwide as evidence of excessive drinking, such as when traffic offenders are prosecuted. Two types of breath-alcohol analyzer are in common use; hand-held instruments used as preliminary screening tests of sobriety and more sophisticated evidential instruments, the results of which are accepted as evidence for prosecution of drunken drivers. Most evidential breath-alcohol analyzers are designed to capture the last portion of a prolonged exhalation, which is thought to reflect the alcohol concentration in substantially alveolar air. The basic premise of breath-alcohol analysis is that there is a physiological relationship between A-BAC and BrAC and close agreement between the two analytical methods. This article reviews the principles and practice of breath-alcohol analysis and introduces the concept of standardizing the results to a secondary physiological gas (water vapor), which therefore serves as an internal standard. The measured BrAC is thus adjusted to an alveolar air water content of 43.95 mg l−1 at 37 °C. This has several advantages, and means that a sample of breath can be captured without the person having to blow directly into the instrument. Adjusting the breath-alcohol concentration to water vapor concentration also compensates for variations in temperature of the expired air. The contact-free method of sampling breath means that a mouthpiece is unnecessary and the test subject does not need to make a continuous end exhalation.