bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of deep-bed filtration of a gasoline particulate filter with inhomogeneous wall structure under different particle size distributions
Authors: Li Zhijun , Shen Boxi , Zhang Yanke , Kong Xiangjin , Li Shilong
Published: February 2021

In order to describe the microstructure of the porous wall of a gasoline particulate filter (GPF), a pore size distribution based on a probability density function (PDF) and a non-uniform porosity distribution are introduced. The dynamic process of deep-bed filtration in GPF with inhomogeneous wall structure is studied, considering different particle size distributions (PSDs). The results show that most of the particles are captured in the top region of the porous wall, in which the porosity and permeability reduce more obviously during dynamic filtration, and the bottom of the porous wall contributes little to the overall filtration. As time increases, the filtration efficiency of the porous wall for each particle size increases, and the most penetrating particle’s diameter becomes smaller gradually. The dynamic evolution of characteristic parameters of the porous wall, the most efficient filtration region, the pressure drop and the duration of deep-bed filtration are strongly influenced by PSD. This research illustrates the necessity to consider difference of PSDs when working on the filtration process of GPFs.
Novelty detection of cable-stayed bridges based on cable force correlation exploration using spatiotemporal graph convolutional networks
Authors: Li Shunlong , Niu Jin , Li Zhonglong
Published: February 2021

The novelty detection of bridges using monitoring data is an effective technique for diagnosing structural changes and possible damages, providing a critical basis for assessing the structural states of bridges. As cable forces describe the state of cable-stayed bridges, a novelty detection method was developed in this study using spatiotemporal graph convolutional networks by analysing spatiotemporal correlations among cable forces determined from different cable dynamometers. The spatial dependency of the sensor network was represented as a directed graph with cable dynamometers as vertices, and a graph convolutional network with learnable adjacency matrices was used to capture the spatial dependency of the locally connected vertices. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network was operated along the time axis to capture the temporal dependency. Sensor faults and structural variations could be distinguished based on the local or global anomalies of the spatiotemporal model parameters. Faulty sensors were detected and isolated using weighted adjacency matrices along with diagnostic indicators of the model residuals. After eliminating the effect of the sensor fault, the underlying variations in the state of the cable-stayed bridge could be determined based on the changing data patterns of the spatiotemporal model. The application of the proposed method to a long-span cable-stayed bridge demonstrates its effectiveness in sensor fault localization and structural variation detection.
Steel bridge corrosion inspection with combined vision and thermographic images
Authors: Jin Lim Hyung , Hwang Soonkyu , Kim Hyeonjin , Sohn Hoon
Published: February 2021

In this study, a faster region-based convolutional neural network is constructed and applied to the combined vision and thermographic images for automated detection and classification of surface and subsurface corrosion in steel bridges. First, a hybrid imaging system is developed for the seamless integration of vision and infrared images. Herein, a three-dimensional red/green/blue vision image is obtained with a vision camera, and a one-dimensional active infrared (IR) amplitude image is obtained from the infrared camera for temperature measurements with halogen lamps as the heat source. Subsequently, the three-dimensional red/green/blue vision image is converted to a two-dimensional chroma blue- and red-difference (CbCr) image because the CbCr image is known to be more sensitive to surface corrosion than the red/green/blue image. A combined three-dimensional (CbCr-IR) image is then constructed by fusing the two-dimensional CbCr image and the one-dimensional infrared image. For the automated corrosion detection and classification, a faster region-based convolutional neural network is constructed and trained using the combined three-dimensional CbCr-IR images of surface and subsurface corrosion on steel bridge structures. Finally, the performance of the trained, faster region-based convolutional neural network is evaluated using the images acquired from real bridges and compared with faster region-based convolutional neural networks trained by other vision and IR-based images. The uniqueness of this study is attributed to the (1) corrosion detection reliability improvements based on the fusion of vision and infrared images, (2) automated corrosion detection and classification with a faster region-based convolutional neural network, (3) detection of subsurface corrosion that is not detectable using vision images only, and (4) application to field bridge inspection.
Evaluation tool for assessing the influence of structural health monitoring on decision-maker risk preferences
Authors: Valkonen Antti , Glisic Branko
Published: February 2021

Different rationally behaving individuals can make different decisions even under same conditions. Concept of risk preference is one way of describing this discrepancy. Risk preference refers to the way decision-makers weight different risky options. Expected utility theory is a popular way to treat this weighting mathematically. Previous research in the field of structural health monitoring has shown that in a multi-stakeholder decision-making, discrepancies in risk preferences between the stakeholders can have large effects on the feasibility of structural health monitoring implementation. Results from that previous research obtained using expected utility theory showed that under certain conditions, differences in stakeholder risk attitudes can make the value of structural health monitoring system even negative. As the overall aim of structural health monitoring is to enable systematic data-based management of infrastructure, understanding of risk preferences and their effect on the structural health monitoring decision-making is of paramount importance. In this work, we created a risk preference assessment tool that is derived from Domain-Specific Risk-Taking scale. We propose the tool and explain its development and validation. The validation results indicate that the proposed assessment tool is technically sound and has high potential in the future valuation of human factors influencing decision-making based on structural health monitoring.
A taxonomy of conscientious objection in healthcare
Authors: Gamble Nathan , Saad Toni
Published: February 2021

Conscientious Objection (CO) has become a highly contested topic in the bioethics literature and public policy. However, when CO is discussed, it is almost universally referred to as a single entity. Reality reveals a more nuanced picture. Healthcare professionals may object to a given action on numerous grounds. They may oppose an action because of its ends, its means, or because of factors that lay outside of both ends and means. Our paper develops a taxonomy of CO, which makes it possible to describe the refusals of healthcare professional with greater finesse. The application of this development will potentially allow for greater subtlety in public policy and academic discussions – some species of CO could be permitted while others could be prohibited.
Workplace silence behavior and its consequences on nurses: A new Egyptian validation scale of nursing motives
Authors: Abd El-Fattah Mohamed Aly Nagah , El-Shanawany Safaa M , Ghanem Maha
Published: February 2021

Background

Workplace silence behavior is a social collective phenomenon. It refers to nurses choosing to withhold their ideas, opinions and concerns about critical issues in their workplace. Workplace silence behavior poses a threat to organizational ethics and success. It also has adverse effects on the performance of nurses in health organizations. Underlying nursing causes of silence behaviors could be related to individual, social and organizational attributes in health care settings.

Objectives

The study aimed to develop a new Egyptian validation scale for measuring nursing motives of workplace silence behavior and identify consequences of workplace silence behavior on nurses.

Methods

A cross-sectional correlational study was implemented using questionnaires on workplace silence behavior, nursing motives and nurses' consequences, collected from 332 nurses working in critical and toxicology care settings of Alexandria Main University Hospital.

Results

Egyptian scale was shown to be a good fit model of exploratory (36 nursing motives emerged in six dimensions with total variance of 73.3%) and confirmatory factor analysis tests (X2 = 1381.47, NNFI =0. 90, CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.057). It also had high reliability tests with coefficient of alpha (0.85), Pearson (0.75) and Kendall coefficient of 0.72. High level of workplace silence behaviors showed a negative association with organizational dis-identification, fair citizenship behavior, and fair nurses' performance and declined reporting of patient adverse events. It also appeared to be in a positive association with higher levels of cynicism.

Conclusion

The Egyptian scale was proved to be reliable and valid for measuring the underlying nursing causes of silence behaviors in the hospital workplace. Measuring nursing motives of workplace silence behaviors will help nurse managers to reduce negative outcomes of workplace silence behaviors and improve organizational outcomes.
The relationship between nurses’ conscientious intelligence levels and care behaviors: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ozcan Sadiye
Published: February 2021

Background

Nurses are the main protectors of goodness, honesty and morality in patient care. Conscience allows nurses to be understanding and careful while they provide patient care. In this research the researcher aimed to determine the relationship between conscientious intelligence levels and caring behaviours of nurses and to determine the factors affecting the conscientious intelligence levels and caring behaviours.

Methods

This research designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlation study included 314 nurses working at three hospitals in eastern Turkey. The data were collected by the researcher at a time when the nurses were available and not working. Written and oral informed consent was obtained from all the participants.

Results

A moderate significant positive correlation was observed between conscientious intelligence levels and caring behaviours of nurses. The length of service in nursing, sex and being pleased with the nursing profession were associated with conscientious intelligence levels and caring behaviours.

Conclusion

At the end of this research, it was determined that nurses with high conscientious intelligence had better caring behaviours. Although it is very important for nurses to be knowledgeable of and competent at providing care, taking their conscience into consideration in the care of his or her patients is more important. If a nurse is not pleased with the nursing profession, his or her behaviour should be monitored when he or she provides care for the patient. Persons without conscientious values should not be accepted into the nursing profession.
McClusky’s Theory of Margin and its implications on adult learners in higher education institutions
Authors: Biney Isaac Kofi
Published: February 2021

This paper draws on McClusky’s Theory of Margin which contains elements of life transitions. Adulthood period is one of growth, change and integration of balance between energy needed to engage in learning. There is an increasing participation of adult learners in higher education institutions. This paper determines whether learners complete degree programmes on time, or otherwise, by examining responsibilities, resources required for learning, challenges faced and margin available to learners. This qualitative case study used Accra Learning Centre and adopted homogenous, random and sequential purposive sampling procedures. Fifteen participants participated in the in-depth interview conducted. Thematic, narrative and interpretivist approaches were adapted in analysing data collected. It emerged that adult learners have limitless potentials to learn, yet poor time management, work commitments and financial challenges made it difficult to complete programmes on time. Engagement in multiplicities of responsibilities consumed adult learners’ time and energy to learn. The findings are discussed and recommendations are made.
Medicinal Cannabis: Policy, Patients, and Providers
Authors: Ryan Jennie E. , McCabe Sean Esteban , Boyd Carol J.
Published: February 2021

Medicinal cannabis is legal in some form in 47 states, 3 United States territories, and the District of Columbia. An estimated three million Americans use cannabis for relief of a variety of illnesses, and this figure is expected to grow based on policy changes. However, cannabis remains illegal at the federal level as a Schedule I drug under the 1970 Controlled Substances Act. Schedule I classification of cannabis has impeded the advancement of research, leaving providers with little evidence-based information to educate their patients. Furthermore, the disparities in individual state laws create significant social and health inequities in gaining access to medicinal cannabis. Conflicting state and federal policies regarding medicinal cannabis create logistical and ethical dilemmas, and all U.S. stakeholders—patients, providers, and health delivery systems—may be impacted by conflicting federal and state policies. This brief addresses the impact of conflicting cannabis policies.
Development of hybrid layered structures based on natural fabric reinforced composites and warp knitted spacer fabric for acoustic applications
Authors: Okur Nazan , Yaradanakul Mustafa Cagatay
Published: February 2021

This study deals with the development of hybrid layered structures combining natural fabric reinforced composite plates and warp knitted spacer fabric for acoustic applications, and the evaluation of the sound absorption performances. Vacuum infusion technique was used to produce the composite plates. Jute and linen woven fabrics were used as reinforcing materials, and they were impregnated with epoxy resin. The composite plates were combined with warp knitted spacer fabric in different stacking sequences in three-layer structures. All samples were subjected to the measurement of sound absorption property using impedance tube method. The combinations of a single layer and double layers of warp knitted spacer fabric with natural fabric reinforced composite in the appropriate sequences were found to provide superior sound absorption coefficients (SAC) compared to non-hybrid layered structures. Based on the overall evaluation regarding SAC, noise reduction coefficient (NRC), and weight of the structure, the sample with the best performance was regarded as the double layers of spacer fabric backed with a jute fabric reinforced composite plate. The integration of natural fabric reinforced composites with warp knitted spacer fabric had better sound absorption performance compared to the glass fabric reinforced composites, and they were considered to have the potential of being used in interior noise control mainly in vehicles and buildings.
CD155-Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Implications Based on Multiple Analyses of Databases Across 33 Human Cancers
Authors: Zhang Hongpan , Yang Zhihao , Du Guobo , Cao Lu , Tan BangXian
Published: February 2021

Growing evidence has suggested that CD155 participates in the regulation of many biological processes ranging cell growth, invasion, and migration from regulation of immune responses in most malignances. However, the impact of prognostic value and CD115-related immune response on the survival in multiple cancers remains incompletely clear. In our study, we assessed the prognostic significance and immune-associated mechanism of CD155 based on data from multiple databases and methods, including UCSC Xena, Oncomine, PrognoScan. We identified that CD155 was commonly upregulated in most human cancers, and High expression of CD155 was closely correlated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in 10/33 of human cancers, while CD155 at low level was responsible for better survival in KICH and PAAD. More intriguingly, CD155 expression had a significant interaction with immune function in several tumors by analyzing Tumor mutational burden and microsatellite in stability, immune score and stromal score. The correlation between immune infiltration and CD155 expression also indicated that CD155 expression positively correlated with CD4+ T cells in Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma, Lung adenocarcinoma and Colon adenocarcinoma, while had inversely interaction with CD8+ T in Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma and Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma as well as Tregs in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma, Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma and Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. These findings indicate CD155 correlates with cancer immunotherapy function. In conclusions, our observations revealed CD155 might function as immune-associated system in the development of human cancers, and acted as a promising prognostic and therapeutic target against human cancers.
Serum Exosomal lncRNA DLX6-AS1 Is a Promising Biomarker for Prognosis Prediction of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ding Xian-zhen , Zhang Shi-qiang , Deng Xiao-lan , Qiang Jin-hu
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Deregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. LncRNA DLX6-AS1 is regarded as an oncogene in many cancer types. However, the clinical role of serum exosomal lncRNA DLX6-AS1 in cervical cancer (CC) is poorly known. This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum exosomal lncRNA DLX6-AS1 in CC.

Methods:

A total of 114 patients with CC, 60 patients with CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia), and 110 healthy women were enrolled in this study. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the serum exosomal lncRNA DLX6-AS1 levels in all participants.

Results:

Serum exosomal lncRNA DLX6-AS1 level was significantly elevated in CC patients compared with CIN patients and normal controls. In addition, high serum exosomal lncRNA DLX6-AS1 expression was positively associated with lymph node metastasis, differentiation, FIGO stage, and shortened survival. Patients with high serum exosomal lncRNA DLX6-AS1 expression were more prone to have a relapse. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that serum exosomal lncRNA DLX6-AS1 was a potential prognostic indicator for overall survival of CC patients.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrated that serum lncRNA DLX6-AS1 might serve as a promising marker for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of CC.
Prolonged Exposure Therapy in the Time of COVID-19: Modifying PTSD Treatment for a Military Sexual Trauma Survivor Who Contracted COVID-19 Mid-Treatment
Authors: Banducci Anne N.
Published: February 2021

Prolonged exposure (PE) therapy is a gold-standard treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that can be effectively delivered via telehealth modalities. The following case report describes a course of PE delivered to a veteran seeking PTSD treatment for military sexual trauma (MST), who contracted COVID-19 mid-treatment. Considerations for selecting PE as a treatment modality; modifications made due to the COVID-19 pandemic and transition to telehealth more broadly, and following the veteran contracting COVID-19 more specifically; strategies to increase treatment engagement; and assessment of progress over time, are discussed. In particular, treatment considerations during a global pandemic are explored at the patient-, provider-, and systems level, to inform treatment delivery for other providers during this ongoing pandemic. Although there were numerous technological, environmental, and pandemic-related difficulties, the veteran described here persisted through a course of PE and experienced clinically significant reductions in symptoms of PTSD and a great degree of functional recovery.
Ricinus communis Butanol Fraction Inhibits MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Migration, Adhesion, and Invasiveness
Authors: Mabasa Rixile , Malemela Kholofelo , Serala Karabo , Kgakishe Mante , Matsebatlela Thabe , Mokgotho Matlou , Mbazima Vusi
Published: February 2021

In this study, the potential of an n-butanol fraction from Ricinus communis to prevent metastasis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells was investigated. The effect of the fraction on BUD-8 and MCF-7 cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Apoptotic cell death was analyzed by Hoechst staining assay. The antimetastatic effect of the fraction on MCF-7 cell was evaluated using the wound healing, adhesion and Boyden chamber invasion assays. Gelatin-zymography was used to assess the effect of the fraction on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. The expression profile of proteins implicated in metastasis and angiogenesis was determined using the human angiogenesis antibody array kit, following treatment with the fraction. BUD-8 cell viability was significantly reduced at concentrations between 300 and 500 µg/ml of the extract. In contrast, a significant reduction in cell viability was seen in MCF-7 cells treated with 400 to 500 µg/ml of the fraction. At sub-lethal concentrations (100 and 200 µg/ml) of the fraction, no nuclei morphological changes associated with apoptotic cell death were observed in MCF-7 cells. In addition, the fraction showed to have an inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cell migration, adhesion, invasiveness, and MMP-2 activity. Moreover, the fraction was seen to modulate the expression of several proteins, such as MMP-9, uPA, VEGF, and TGF-β1, playing a role in the metastasis process. This study demonstrates that the n-butanol fraction of R. communis can inhibit major steps of the metastatic cascade and modulate metastasis regulatory proteins. Thus, the fraction can be considered a potential source of antimetastatic agents that could be useful in the treatment of malignant cancers.
Emerging Trends in Neuroimaging of Epilepsy
Authors: Bernasconi Neda , Wang Irene
Published: February 2021

Neuroimaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging, yield increasingly sophisticated markers of brain structure and function. Combined with ongoing developments in machine learning, these methods refine our abilities to detect subtle epileptogenic lesions and develop reliable prognostics.
Treatment and Predictors of Recurrent Internal Carotid Artery In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Mihály Zsuzsanna , Vértes Miklós , Entz László , Dósa Edit
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

We aimed to examine the effectiveness of different therapeutic options for and to identify the possible risk factors of recurrent internal carotid artery (ICA) in-stent restenosis (ISR).

Methods:

Forty-six ICA ISRs, which were reintervened at least once, were retrospectively analyzed regarding clinical and imaging characteristics, as well as invasive treatment type (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty [PTA] with a plain balloon, PTA with a drug-eluting balloon [DEB], re-stenting) used.

Results:

The median follow-up was 29.5 months (IQR, 8.5-52.8 months) in patients who underwent reintervention for ICA ISR. Stent occlusion occurred in 3 patients (6.5%). One ISR recurrence was noted in 10 patients (21.7%); reintervention was carried out in 7 cases (7/10 [70%]; PTA, N = 5; PTA with a DEB, N = 1; re-stenting, N = 1), while 3 patients (3/10; 30%) received best medical treatment. Two ISR recurrences were observed in 3 patients (6.5%); all of them underwent reintervention (PTA, N = 1; PTA with a DEB, N = 2). Three ISR recurrences were seen in 1 patient (2.2%), who was treated with PTA. No recurrence was observed in those patients, who had DEB treatment. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed statin therapy to be a protective factor against recurrent ISR (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.84; P = .029).

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that PTA with a DEB is the most effective for the treatment of recurrent ISR, and confirms the importance of statin use in patients who have had a carotid reintervention.
Are Smoke and Aerosols Generated During Laparoscopic Surgery a Biohazard? A Systematic Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Pasquier Jorge , Villalta Oscar , Sarria Lamorú Sunaymy , Balagué Carmen , Vilallonga Ramon , Targarona Eduardo M.
Published: February 2021

Background. Laparoscopic surgery generates end products that can have potentially harmful effects for the surgical team from short- or long-time exposure. In view of the current SARS-CoV-2 circumstances, controversy has risen concerning the safety of surgical smoke (SS) and aerosols and the perception of an increased risk of exposure during laparoscopic surgery. Methods. The present qualitative systematic review was conducted according to Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies (MOOSE). A literature search was performed from March 2020 up to May 10, 2020, using the PubMed database, Cochrane, and Google Scholar to assess the risk of airborne transmission of viruses and the potential health risk of surgical smoke- and aerosol-generating procedures produced during laparoscopic surgery. The keywords were introduced in combination to obtain better search results. Application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria identified 44 relevant articles. Results. Genetic material from certain viruses, or the virus itself, has been detected in SS and aerosols. However, in the current SARS-CoV-2, as in other coronavirus situations, studies analyzing the presence of airborne transmission of viruses in surgical smoke are lacking. Conclusion. Despite the lack of clear evidence regarding the risk of diseases as the result of smoke- and aerosol-generating procedures during laparoscopic surgery, further investigation is needed. Meanwhile, all available precautions must be taken.
Antibacterial Activity of Tris NaCl and PBS Buffer Protein Extract of Cassia fistula, Saccharum officinarum, Albizia lebbeck and Cymbopogon citrates Against Bacterial Strains
Authors: Habiba Ume , Nisar Jaweria , Choohan Muhammad Akram , Shah Syed Muhammad Ali , Nisar Zonaira , Mustafa Imtiaz
Published: February 2021

Medicinal plants are gaining popularity over synthetic medicines because antibiotic resistance demands the alternative source of medication. In the present research, the crude protein extraction of 4 medicinal plants Cassia fistula, Saccharum officinarum, Albizia lebbeck and Cymbopogon citrates was carried out. Crude protein extraction was done by 2 different buffers i.e. Tris NaCl buffer and PBS buffer. Protein confirmation was done by Bradford assay in the spectrophotometer. Antibacterial potential was checked and compared against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis. Antibacterial assay was performed by disc diffusion method, agar well method and zones of inhibition were calculated. The study results indicated that Tris NaCl extracts’ antimicrobial potential is higher than that of the PBS buffer. On disc diffusion method the Tris NaCl buffer extracts of Cymbopogon citrates showed maximum zone of inhibition 11 mm and 9 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus respectively and control chloramphenicol showed maximum zone of inhibition 26 mm against Bacillus subtilis. Cassia fistula showed maximum zone of inhibition of 7 mm against Bacillus cereus while Saccharum officinarum and Albizia lebbeck didn’t show the any antibacterial activity. On the other hand, Protein extracts from PBS buffer didn’t show zone of inhibition against any bacteria. Only Albizia lebbeck showed minute zone of inhibition against Neisseria gonorrhea. On well diffusion method, Cassia fistula Tris NaCl protein extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition 20 mm and 18 mm against Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis respectively. While Albizia lebbeck PBS protein extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition 19 mm and 17 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. The results revealed that the protein extract of Albizia lebbeck, Cymbopogon citrates and Cassia fistula can be used tosynthesize antimicrobial drugs to treat the bacterial infections.
Fire and Smoke: Using Indigenous Research Methodologies to Explore the Psychosocial Impact of Pediatric Burns on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Families
Authors: Williams Hayley M. , Hunter Kate , Griffin Bronwyn , Kimble Roy , Clapham Kathleen
Published: February 2021

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and adolescents are disproportionately affected by burn injuries, yet often omitted from burns literature or inadequately portrayed under Western frameworks. We highlight and address the urgent need for knowledge about pediatric burns among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to be produced from within Indigenous research methodologies and in response to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ expressed needs. Through the use of decolonial ethnography, we applied a novel combination of participant observations, retrospective thinking aloud, and yarning methods to explore the psychosocial impact of pediatric burn injuries and care on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. To our knowledge, this is the first example of these three methods being interwoven to explore a multifaceted health issue and in a way that privileges Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' knowledge systems, voices, and experiences. We suggest that these approaches have strong relevance and potential for other complex issues affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
A novel approach to investigate temperature field evolution of water lubricated stern bearings (WLSBs) under hydrodynamic lubrication
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yuan Chengqing , Tan Zusheng
Published: February 2021

Water lubricated stern bearings (WLSBs) are the critical component of ship propulsion system and have important effect on navigation safety. Operating temperature plays a main role on the performance of WLSBs. This paper aims to investigate the effect of operating conditions on bearing temperature characteristics under hydrodynamic lubrication. A novel CFD simulation method developed to improve calculation accuracy. Finite difference method was used to decrease the error of geometric modeling while the experiment and experimental correction formula were exploited to obtain improved boundary conditions. Based on the new method, the effects of operating conditions on temperature characteristics for two typical WLSBs were studied, and mechanisms of bearing temperature field evolution were discussed. Results show that the max friction coefficient appears when bearings are in low velocity and low load condition. Total heat flux density is a function of linear velocity, pressure and friction coefficient. Max temperature of bearing at 0.4 MPa decrease along with increased velocity, while decrease first and then increase at 0.2 MPa. Moreover, peak temperature appears at eccentric side and beyond minimum water film thickness position about 4–40°. High temperature area mainly located at the position of 80–140° in circumferential direction and 0.2–0.13 m in axial direction. With the increase of inlet water velocity, the max temperature of bearing changes slightly. It is appropriate to set the inlet velocity at 2 m/s to obtain better cooling performance. This work can provide theoretical basis for the operation monitoring of WLSBs and the development of new materials.
Micropolar ferrofluid flow via natural convective about a radiative isoflux sphere
Authors: EL-Kabeir Saber , Rashad Ahmed , Khan Waqar , Abdelrahman Zeinab Mahmoud
Published: February 2021

Current investigation scrutinizes the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow of micropolar ferrofluid across an isoflux sphere with the impacts of thermal radiation and partial slip. Cobalt-nanoparticles with kerosene as the base fluid are considered. The governing partial differential conservation equations and convenient boundary conditions are rendered into a nondimensional form. The finite difference method (FDM) is then applied to determine the solution of a collection of resultant equations. The outcomes obtained by FDM have also compared with cited investigation. Illustrations describing influences of prominent parameters which provides physical interpretations of velocity, angular velocity, and temperature fields as well as the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are examined in detail with the help of graphical representations. This investigation determined that the skin-friction coefficient and heat transport rate reduced along with augmentation in the magnetic force and micropolar parameter, while opposite performance is adhered with elevating in the thermal radiation. Moreover, the boosted nanoparticle volume fraction reduced the skin friction coefficient and improved the Nusselt number.
Improved numerical model for fatigue cumulative damage of mechanical structure considering load sequence and interaction
Authors: Huang Bixiong , Wang Shuci , Geng Shuanglong , Liu Xintian
Published: February 2021

To more accurately predict the fatigue life of components under the action of random loads, it is necessary to explore the influence of the interaction between the load sequence and the load on the life prediction. Based on the Manson-Halford method and Corten-Dolan model, this paper establishes a fatigue cumulative damage model that takes into account both the load order and the interaction between loads, and also takes into account the loads near the fatigue limit. The fatigue life of mechanical parts under random load can be calculated through this model, which provides a theoretical basis for life prediction under random load spectrum. The fatigue life of mechanical parts under random load can be calculated through this model, which provides a theoretical basis for life prediction under random load spectrum. Comparing the calculation results of the proposed model with the results of Palmgren Miner, Manson-Halford method, and Corten-Dolan model, it is found that the fatigue damage model established can reasonably predict the fatigue life of parts. Comparison and verification of examples further prove the accuracy and reliability of the proposed model.
Pre-procedural color duplex ultrasound evaluation predicts restenosis after long-segment superficial femoral artery stenting
Authors: Gao Mingjie , Hua Yang , Jia Lingyun , Zhao Xinyu , Liu Ran , Gao Xixiang , Dardik Alan
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Restenosis after stenting for superficial femoral artery atherosclerotic disease remains a significant clinical problem, especially for long-segment lesions. We assessed predictors of in-stent restenosis in patients with long-segment superficial femoral artery disease and hypothesized that pre-procedural ultrasound assessment would predict in-stent restenosis.

Methods

This single-center study retrospectively analyzed 283 limbs in 243 patients who treated with superficial femoral artery nitinol stent placement for long-segment (≥15 cm) lesions between 2015 and 2018. Color duplex ultrasound was performed pre-procedure and post-procedure at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. The endpoint was ≥50% in-stent restenosis in the superficial femoral artery. Primary patency rates were analyzed with Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and compared using the log-rank test. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the risk factors for in-stent restenosis.

Results

The median length of lesions was 25.8 ± 8.1 cm. The cumulative freedom from ≥50% in-stent restenosis at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months was 95.3%, 78.3%, 56.0%, 30.6%, and 15.9%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that cumulative lesion length ≥ 25 cm (hazard ratio 1.681; p =  0.003), calcified plaque (hazard ratio 1.549, p =  0.006), poor runoff scores >10 (hazard ratio 1.870, p =  0.003), and chronic renal failure (hazard ratio 2.075, p =  0.009) were independent risk factors for in-stent restenosis. The agreement rate between ultrasound and angiography was 92.6% for cumulative lesion length ( κ 0.851) and 91.9% for runoff score ( κ 0.872).

Conclusions

The results indicate that pre-procedural color duplex ultrasound evaluation is helpful for the selection of appropriate candidates for superficial femoral artery stent placement. Cumulative lesion length ≥25 cm, plaque calcification, poor distal runoff, and chronic renal failure independently predicted in-stent restenosis.
Endovascular aortic repair with EndoAnchors demonstrate good mid-term outcomes in physician-initiated multicenter analysis—The PERU registry
Authors: Reyes Valdivia Andrés , Chaudhuri Arindam , Milner Ross , Pratesi Giovanni , Reijnen Michel MPJ , Tinelli Giovanni , Schuurmann Richte , Barbante Matteo , Babrowski Trissa A , Pitoulias Georgios , Tshomba Yamume , Gandarias Claudio , Badawy Ayman , de Vries Jean-Paul PM
Published: February 2021

Objectives

We aim to describe real-world outcomes from multicenter data about the efficacy of adjunct Heli-FX EndoAnchor usage in preventing or repairing failures during infrarenal endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), so-called EndoSutured-aneurysm-repair (ESAR).

Methods

The current study has been assigned an identifier (NCT04100499) at the US National Library of Medicine ( https://ClinicalTrials.gov ). It is an observational retrospective study of prospectively collected data from seven vascular surgery departments between June 2010 and December 2019. Patients included in the ANCHOR registry were excluded from this analysis. The decision for the use of EndoAnchors was made by the treating surgeon or multidisciplinary aortic committee according to each center’s practice. Follow-up imaging was scheduled according to each center’s protocol, which necessarily included either abdominal ultrasound or radiography or computed tomographic scan imaging. The main outcomes analyzed were technical success, freedom from type Ia endoleaks (IaEL), all-cause and aneurysm-related mortality, and sac variation and trends evaluated for those with at least six months imaging follow-up.

Results

Two hundred and seventy-five patients underwent ESAR in participating centers during the study period. After exclusions, 221 patients (184 males, 37 females, mean age 75 ± 8.3 years) were finally included for analysis. Median follow-up for the cohort was 27 (interquartile range 12–48) months. A median 6 (interquartile range 3) EndoAnchors were deployed at ESAR, 175 (79%) procedures were primary and 46 (21%) revision cases, 40 associated with type IaEL. Technical success at operation (initial), 30-day, and overall success were 89, 95.5, and 96.8%, respectively; the 30-day success was higher due to those with subsequent spontaneous proximal endoleak seal. At two years, freedom from type IaEL was 94% for the whole series; 96% and 86% for the primary and revision groups, respectively; whereas freedom from all-cause mortality, aneurysm-related mortality, and reintervention was 89%, 98%, and 87%, respectively. Sac evolution pre-ESAR was 66 ± 15.1 vs. post ESAR 61 ± 17.5 (p < 0.001) and for 180 patients with at least six-month follow-up, 92.2% of them being in a stable (51%) or regression (41%) situation.

Conclusions

This real-world registry demonstrates that adjunct EndoAnchor usage at EVAR achieves high rates of freedom from type IaEL at mid-term including in a high number of patients with hostile neck anatomy, with positive trends in sac-size evolution. Further data with longer follow-up may help to establish EndoAnchor usage as a routine adjunct to EVAR, especially in hostile necks.
Immersive telepresence on the operation of unmanned vehicles
Authors: Fabris Eduardo Jose , Sangalli Vicenzo Abichequer , Soares Leonardo Pavanatto , Pinho Márcio Sarroglia
Published: February 2021

Unmanned ground vehicles are usually deployed in situations, where it is too dangerous or not feasible to have an operator onboard. One challenge faced when such vehicles are teleoperated is maintaining a high situational awareness, due to aspects such as limitation of cameras, characteristics of network transmission, and the lack of other sensory information, such as sounds and vibrations. Situation awareness refers to the understanding of the information, events, and actions that will impact the execution and the objectives of the tasks at the current and near future of the operation of the vehicle. This work investigates how the simultaneous use of immersive telepresence and mixed reality could impact the situation awareness of the operator and the navigation performance. A user study was performed to compare our proposed approach with a traditional unmanned vehicle control station. Quantitative data obtained from the vehicle’s behavior and the situation awareness global assessment technique were used to analyze such impacts. Results provide evidence that our approach is relevant when the task requires a detailed observation of the surroundings, leading to higher situation awareness and navigation performance.
Balancing race, gender, and responsibility: Conversations with four black women in educational leadership in the United States of America
Authors: Johnson Natasha N
Published: February 2021

This article focuses on equitable leadership and its intersection with related yet distinct concepts salient to social justice pertinent to women and minorities in educational leadership. This piece is rooted and framed within the context of the United States of America, and the major concepts include identity, equity, and intersectionality—specific to the race-gender dyad—manifested within the realm of educational leadership. The objective is to examine theory and research in this area and to discuss the role they played in this study of the cultures of four Black women, all senior-level leaders within the realm of K-20 education in the United States. This work employed the tenets of hermeneutic phenomenology, focusing on the intersecting factors—race and gender, specifically—that impact these women’s ability and capability to perform within the educational sector. The utilization of in-depth, timed, semi-structured interviews allowed participants to reflect upon their experiences and perceptions as Black women who have navigated and continue to successfully navigate the highest levels of the educational leadership sphere. Contributors’ recounted stories of navigation within spaces in which they are underrepresented revealed the need for more research specific to the intricacies of Black women’s leadership journeys in the context of the United States.
Hyperechoic kidneys in a patient with bronchiectasis
Authors: Umolu AG , Venn R , Maxwell D , Al Shiekh Ali Z , Howlett DC
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Hyperechoic renal cortex in a normal-sized kidney has a range of causes, some of which irreparably damage the kidney and should initiate further investigations.

Case Report

We present a 72-year-old woman with longstanding bronchiectasis, noticed to have worsening renal function. Renal tract ultrasonography showed hyperechoic normal-sized kidneys. Renal biopsy confirmed amyloidosis.

Discussion

Imaging findings in renal amyloidosis tend to be non-specific and are not always present. However, ultrasonography findings of hyperechoic cortex in normal-sized kidneys should not be ignored.

Conclusion

Renal impairment from blood chemistry in addition to hyperechoic kidneys may be the key to diagnosing secondary amyloidosis in a patient with bronchiectasis, a rare association but important to recognise.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and advance care planning: A synthesis of qualitative literature on patients’ experiences
Authors: Ora Linda , Mannix Judy , Morgan Lucy , Gregory Linda , Luck Lauretta , Wilkes Lesley
Published: February 2021

Objective

Advance Care Planning supports patients to share their personal values, goals, and preferences for future medical care with their family members and healthcare professionals. The aim of this review was to uncover what is known about patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and their experiences with Advance Care Planning.

Methods

A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies was undertaken. Five databases were searched for qualitative articles published between 2009–2019. The review was guided by the PRISMA framework and seven studies met the eligibility criteria. Thematic synthesis of descriptive themes in each article was undertaken to develop overarching analytical themes, related to the experience of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Advance Care Planning.

Results

Four analytical themes emerged from the review of the articles that met the inclusion criteria: patient readiness and willingness for Advance Care Planning discussions; considering the future; trusted relationships with healthcare professionals; and shared decision making.

Discussion

Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease are generally open to Advance Care Planning discussions with healthcare professionals who are well-informed, and trusted by the patient. Models of care that integrate Advance Care Planning are beneficial in other non-malignant settings, and may be a way forward to support Advance Care Planning as part of routine care for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Brain Structure and Function of Chronic Low Back Pain Patients on Long-Term Opioid Analgesic Treatment: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Murray Kyle , Lin Yezhe , Makary Meena M , Whang Peter G , Geha Paul
Published: February 2021

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is often treated with opioid analgesics (OA), a class of medications associated with a significant risk of misuse. However, little is known about how treatment with OA affect the brain in chronic pain patients. Gaining this knowledge is a necessary first step towards understanding OA associated analgesia and elucidating long-term risk of OA misuse. Here we study CLBP patients chronically medicated with opioids without any evidence of misuse and compare them to CLBP patients not on opioids and to healthy controls using structural and functional brain imaging. CLBP patients medicated with OA showed loss of volume in the nucleus accumbens and thalamus, and an overall significant decrease in signal to noise ratio in their sub-cortical areas. Power spectral density analysis (PSD) of frequency content in the accumbens’ resting state activity revealed that both medicated and unmedicated patients showed loss of PSD within the slow-5 frequency band (0.01–0.027 Hz) while only CLBP patients on OA showed additional density loss within the slow-4 frequency band (0.027–0.073 Hz). We conclude that chronic treatment with OA is associated with altered brain structure and function within sensory limbic areas.
FXYD6 promotes thermal nociception by regulating TRPV1
Authors: Luo Hao , Cai Bing , Pan Jing , Shi Hai-Xiang , Wang Kai-Kai , Zhong Yan-Qing , Lu Ying-Jin , Bao Lan , Zhang Xu , Li Kai-Cheng
Published: February 2021

FXYD6, an unnecessary auxiliary subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase, is expressed in the nervous system. However, its functions remain largely unclear. In the present study, we find that FXYD6 is involved in the thermal nociception. FXYD6 was mainly expressed in small-diameter DRG neurons expressing transient receptor potential channel V1 (TRPV1). In the SNS-Cre/ Fxyd6F/F mice, loss of FXYD6 in these sensory neurons impaired the behavioral responses to noxious heat stimulus and intraplantar injection of capsaicin. The capsaicin-induced and TRPV1-mediated currents were decreased in the FXYD6–deficient DRG neurons. Heterologous expression of FXYD6 could increase the TRPV1 capsaicin-sensitive currents in HEK293 cells. Furthermore, we found that the negatively charged PGDEE motif in C-terminal of FXYD6 is required for the FXYD6/TRPV1 interaction and FXYD6-mediated enhancement of TRPV1. Disrupting the FXYD6/TRPV1 interaction with the TAT-PGDEE peptide could elevate the threshold of thermal nociception. Therefore, FXYD6 maintains the thermal nociception via interacting with TRPV1 channel in nociceptors.