bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of trancutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in Black and Hispanic/Latino people with peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Wong Marlon L. , Widerström-Noga Eva , Bolanos Jessica L. , Gonzalez Gabriel , Penedo Frank J. , Hosein Peter J. , Tovin Melissa M. , Gonzalez Juan P. , McTeague Lisa M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, and the primary causes are chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and diabetic neuropathy (DN). Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a promising non-pharmacological and non-invasive intervention that targets key pathways involved with PN. However, research is needed to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of taVNS in people with PN. It is also critical that this research on taVNS include the perspectives of Black and Hispanic/Latino patients, who are often underrepresented in research.

Methods

This research was comprised of two consecutive studies: a survey and a pilot randomized sham-controlled trial (RCT). The survey assessed symptom burden, management strategies, and interest in taVNS among CIPN patients. The pilot RCT evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of taVNS in Black and Hispanic/Latino patients with CIPN or diabetic neuropathy. Participants were recruited from the University of Miami medical system, with culturally sensitive approaches to enhance minority participation.

Results

The survey included 62 respondents, 78% Black or Hispanic/Latino, revealing high symptom burden and significant interest in taVNS (82% expressed moderate to high interest). The pilot RCT enrolled 28 participants, achieving a 42% recruitment rate and 86% retention. taVNS was well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects. Preliminary data indicated a decrease in neuropathic symptoms and an increased heart rate variability (HRV) during active taVNS, suggesting autonomic modulation. Tingling sensation and pain decreased by median values of 2.0 and 1.5, respectively. Additionally, the median values for standard deviation of the RR interval increased from 34.9 (CI = 21.6–44.8) at baseline to 44.8 (CI = 26.5–50.3) during intervention. Exit interviews highlighted positive participant experiences and identified potential barriers, such as protocol length and distrust in medical research.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the need for novel CIPN treatments and demonstrate the feasibility of conducting taVNS research in historically underrepresented populations. High interest in taVNS and successful recruitment and retention rates suggest that culturally sensitive approaches can enhance minority participation in clinical trials. These findings will be used to develop a large clinical trial to determine the efficacy of repeated taVNS in a diverse cohort.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier (NCT05896202).
Case Report: The importance of genetic counseling for families with hyperinsulinism
Authors: Sanders Victoria R. , Lord Katherine , Sigal Winnie M. , McKnight Heather , Adzick N. Scott , States Lisa J. , Bhatti Tricia , De Leon Diva D.
Published: January 2025

Congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infancy. Genotype-phenotype correlations directly inform medical care for patients. Understanding the genetic etiology also allows accurate genetic counseling to be provided, illustrated by two families following a diagnosis of HI. A newborn had hypoglycemia at birth and was diagnosed with focal HI due to a paternally inherited recessive ABCC8 variant. Years later the paternal half-sibling was diagnosed with HI. Testing revealed compound heterozygous ABCC8 variants, consistent with diffuse disease. Following testing, the father's partner(s) should have been offered carrier testing. However, the parents were unaware that future children could be at increased risk of HI. The second family's son was diagnosed with HI in infancy and genetic testing identified a heterozygous recessive ABCC8 variant. Parental testing revealed both parents carried this variant. Focal HI was subsequently confirmed. This family's 1/4 chance to have a child with diffuse HI was significantly higher than the 1/540 chance their child could have focal HI. Understanding the etiology of a patient's HI not only allows for appropriate medical management but has important reproductive implications for the family. Genetic counseling is an important component of the multidisciplinary care received by every family with HI.
Clinical features and outcomes of pseudolithiasis induced by ceftriaxone in Chinese children: a single-center observational study
Authors: Jin Chen , Xiu Wen-Li , Liu Yao , Hao Xi-Wei , Dong Qian
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Ceftriaxone (CTX) is widely used in pediatric infectious disease treatment, although the diagnostic and therapeutic management of CTX-induced gallbladder pseudolithiasis (PL) remains challenging. In this study, we investigated the occurrence, clinical features, and management of CTX-induced PL in children.

Methods

A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 185 pediatric patients receiving CTX at a single center. Data on treatment regimens, gallbladder imaging findings, and serum biochemical parameters post-CTX therapy were analyzed. Patients were classified into PL (n = 34) and non-PL (n = 151) groups based on imaging findings.

Results

PL was diagnosed in 18.4% of patients treated with CTX, primarily through ultrasound, which revealed hyperechoic material within the gallbladder. Compared with the non-PL group, patients with PL were older and taller, with no significant differences in CTX dosage (p = 0.915). Patients with PL also had higher rates of digestive and neurological infections (both p < 0.001). Serum analysis revealed distinct liver and kidney function markers in the PL group, including lower levels of total bile acids, adenosine deaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and higher creatinine levels (all p < 0.05). Discontinuation of CTX led to symptom resolution in most cases, and all cases of PL resolved within three months.

Conclusions

The occurrence of PL is not significantly related to CTX dosage. Furthermore, the rate of CTX metabolism and excretion may play a key role in PL development. Overall, the findings demonstrate that ultrasound is an effective tool for monitoring the development of PL in children receiving CTX and that discontinuation of CTX could be an effective treatment for PL.
VASN knockout induces myocardial fibrosis in mice by downregulating non-collagen fibers and promoting inflammation
Authors: Sun Junming , Yin Siwei , Li Qiurui , Zhang Jun , Guo Xiaoping , Yu Na , Hu Bing , Ouyang Yiqiang , Huang Qiaojuan , He Min
Published: January 2025

Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is an important cause of heart failure and cardiac arrest. Vasorin knockout (VASN−/−) leads to pathological cardiac hypertrophy (PCH); however, it is not yet clear whether this PCH transitions to MF in mice. VASN-knockout mice showed typical pathological, imaging, and molecular features of MF upon hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, Sirius red staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemistry-paraffin (IHC-P), and immunofluorescence analyses. RNA was extracted from mouse heart tissue, identified, and sequenced in vitro. Differential analysis of the genes showed that the extracellular matrix (ECM) genes (COL6A1, COL9A1, and FRAS1) had strong correlations while their expression levels were significantly reduced by qPCR, IHC-P, and Western blotting. The expression levels of the ECM genes were significantly reduced but those of the inflammatory factors (IL1β and IL6) were significantly upregulated in the heart tissues of VASN-knockout mice. These preliminary results reveal that VASN knockout induces MF by regulating the non-collagen fibers and inflammation.
Effects of oral Lcarnitine supplementation on liver enzymes in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients in the maintenance phase of treatment: a randomized clinical trial study
Authors: Eghbali Aziz , Eghbali Aygin , Ashayeri Neda , Fadayi Fatemeh , Ghaffari Kazem , Ghasemi Ali
Published: January 2025

Background

Given that liver diseases and subsequent increases in liver enzymes are among the most frequent complications observed in leukemia patients treated with chemotherapeutic drugs, this study aimed to assess the impact of oral Lcarnitine supplementation on liver enzyme levels the maintenance phase of treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients.

Methods

In this clinical trial, 100 pediatric patients aged >5 years were divided into two groups after obtaining informed consent. The participants were randomly divided into the Lcarnitine and placebo groups. In the Lcarnitine group, patients received 50 mg/kg of Lcarnitine syrup three times a day (every 8 h). Patients were examined for 2 months to receive Lcarnitine syrup and to measure the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, prothrombin time (PT), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT).

Results

The mean changes in AST, ALT, total bilirubin, and GGT during the study period were significant in the group treated with Lcarnitine (P < 0.05), although they were not significant in the placebo group (P > 0.05). Also, the levels of ALP, direct bilirubin, PT, and PTT were not significantly different between the two groups. The incidence of side effects was significantly higher in the Lcarnitine group than in the placebo group (18% vs 4%, P = 0.025).

Conclusion

The results of this study suggested that a 60-day Lcarnitine treatment can improve liver enzyme levels and thus prevent the extent of liver damage during the treatment of ALL. Based on the results of our study, Lcarnitine supplementation may have a beneficial effect on liver enzyme levels in pediatric ALL patients during the maintenance phase of treatment.

Clinical Trial Registration:

https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20201107049296N2, identifier IRCT20201107049296N2
The role of multiomics in revealing the mechanism of skin repair and regeneration
Authors: Shi Shaoyan , Ou Xuehai , Long Jafeng , Lu Xiqin , Xu Siqi , Li Gang
Published: January 2025

Skin repair and regeneration are crucial processes in restoring the integrity of the skin after injury, with significant implications for medical treatments and plastic surgery. Multiomics, an integrated approach combining genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, offers unprecedented insights into the complex molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in skin healing. This review explores the transformative role of multiomics in elucidating the mechanisms of skin repair and regeneration. While genomic studies identify the genetic basis of wound healing, transcriptomics and proteomics uncover the dynamic changes in gene and protein expression, and metabolomics provides a snapshot of metabolic alterations associated with wound healing. Integrative multiomics studies can also identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for skin regeneration. Despite the technical and biological challenges, the future of multiomics in skin research holds great promise for advancing personalized medicine and improving wound healing strategies. Through interdisciplinary collaboration, multiomics has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of skin repair, paving the way for innovative treatments in plastic surgery and beyond.
Accelerating discoveries at DIII-D with the Integrated Research Infrastructure
Authors: Amara T. Bechtel , Smith S. P. , Xing Z. A. , Denk S. S. , Deshpande A. , Nelson A. O. , Simpson C. , DeShazer E. W. , Neiser T. F. , Antepara O. , Clark C. M. , Lestz J. , Colmenares J. , Tyler N. , Ding P. , Kostuk M. , Dart E. D. , Nazikian R. , Osborne T. , Williams S. , Uram T. , Schissel D.
Published: January 2025

DIII-D research is being accelerated by leveraging high performance computing (HPC) and data resources available through the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) Superfacility initiative. As part of this initiative, a high-resolution, fully automated, whole discharge kinetic equilibrium reconstruction workflow was developed that runs at the NERSC for most DIII-D shots in under 20 min. This has eliminated a long-standing research barrier and opened the door to more sophisticated analyses, including plasma transport and stability. These capabilities would benefit from being automated and executed within the larger Department of Energy Advanced Scientific Computing Research program’s Integrated Research Infrastructure (IRI) framework. The goal of IRI is to empower researchers to meld DOE’s world-class research tools, infrastructure, and user facilities seamlessly and securely in novel ways to radically accelerate discovery and innovation. For transport, we are looking at producing flux matched profiles and also using particle tracing to predict fast ion heat deposition from neutral beam injection before a shot takes place. Our starting point for evaluating plasma stability focuses on the pedestal limits that must be navigated to achieve better confinement. This information is meant to help operators run more effective experiments, so it needs to be available rapidly inside the DIII-D control room. So far this has been achieved by ensuring the data is available with existing tools, but as more novel results are produced new visualization tools must be developed. In addition, all of the high-quality data we have generated has been collected into databases that can unlock even deeper insights. This has already been leveraged for model and code validation studies as well as for developing AI/ML surrogates. The workflows developed for this project are intended to serve as prototypes that can be replicated on other experiments and can be run to provide timely and essential information for ITER, as well as next stage fusion power plants.
Brugada syndrome update
Authors: Xu Tingting , Wang Shaokun , Wang Jiawen , Xing Jihong
Published: January 2025

Brugada syndrome (BrS), a genetic disorder affecting cardiac ion channels, predominantly manifests due to mutations that impair the function of the Nav1.5 sodium channel’s α-subunit. This condition, identified by Josep and Pedro Brugada, is often marked by symptoms such as syncope and episodes of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). These arrhythmias, if not managed promptly, can escalate to sudden cardiac death (SCD), notably in patients whose cardiac structure appears normal. Given this, the prompt recognition and stratification of individuals at elevated risk are critical. This review elaborates on the current insights into BrS, focusing on recent diagnostic techniques, risk assessment strategies, and therapeutic advancements. It also critically examines ongoing controversies in the field.
Research on the quantification and automatic classification method of Chinese cabbage plant type based on point cloud data and PointNet++
Authors: Yang Chongchong , Sun Lei , Zhang Jun , Fan Xiaofei , Zhang Dongfang , Ren Tianyi , Liu Minggeng , Zhang Zhiming , Ma Wei
Published: January 2025

The accurate quantification of plant types can provide a scientific basis for crop variety improvement, whereas efficient automatic classification methods greatly enhance crop management and breeding efficiency. For leafy crops such as Chinese cabbage, differences in the plant type directly affect their growth and yield. However, in current agricultural production, the classification of Chinese cabbage plant types largely depends on manual observation and lacks scientific and unified standards. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a method that can quickly and accurately quantify and classify plant types. This study has proposed a method for the rapid and accurate quantification and classification of Chinese cabbage plant types based on point-cloud data processing and the deep learning algorithm PointNet++. First, we quantified the traits related to plant type based on the growth characteristics of Chinese cabbage. K-medoids clustering analysis was then used for the unsupervised classification of the data, and specific quantification of Chinese cabbage plant types was performed based on the classification results. Finally, we combined 1024 feature vectors with 10 custom dimensionless features and used the optimized PointNet++ model for supervised learning to achieve the automatic classification of Chinese cabbage plant types. The experimental results showed that this method had an accuracy of up to 92.4% in classifying the Chinese cabbage plant types, with an average recall of 92.5% and an average F1 score of 92.3%.
Droplet distribution and mitigation of occupational exposure risk in eucalyptus sprout eradication using a remotely piloted aircraft
Authors: Felipe Oliveira Ribeiro Luis , Leandro da Vitória Edney , Pereira Bastos Halisson , Vieira Zanelato Jacimar , de Assis Martins Júnior José , de Vicente Ferraz Alexandre , Gomes dos Santos Thales , de Assis Ferreira Francisco , Victor Oliveira Ribeiro João , de Assis Silva Samuel , Chen Pengchao
Published: January 2025

The use of remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs) for foliar application of pesticides and fertilizers has increased worldwide in several agricultural crops. However, there is little information on the efficiency and factors connected to application and spraying quality of RPAs in forestry, mainly for eradication of eucalyptus sprouts. The objective of this work was to evaluate droplet distribution and deposition on eucalyptus sprouts and the risk of exposure for applicators using an RPA (DJI AGRAS T40) at different theoretical application ranges (7.0, 9.0, and 11.0 m) and droplet sizes (150, 300, and 450µm) compared to a manual electric backpack sprayer (MEBS). The spray solution was composed of water, brilliant blue dye, and adjuvant. Water-sensitive paper cards and flexible polyvinyl chloride cards were positioned on different eucalyptus sprout canopy layers (ESCL) (upper, middle, and lower) to evaluate droplet distribution and deposition. Disposable coveralls, gloves, and respirators were used to evaluate the risk of occupational exposure. The results showed that the application ranges of 7.0 and 9.0 m with droplet sizes of 150µm and 300µm resulted in better droplet distribution throughout the ESCLs. However, the 450µm droplet size resulted in concentration of droplets in the upper ESCL. Using an MEBS resulted in greater heterogeneity in droplet distribution and approximately a 160-fold higher accumulation of droplets on different applicator’s body parts compared to the RPA. The results confirmed the efficiency and operational safety of using RPAs for the application of agricultural pesticides and foliar fertilizers in eucalyptus plantations, as well as providing valuable contributions for future research on these practices in eucalyptus cultivation.
A Gestalt perspective on Manichaean worldviews and individuals’ engagement in violence: the case of the Italian far left
Authors: Grillo Giulia
Published: January 2025

Besides socio-political and economic factors, extant research contends that Manichaean worldviews, characterized by mutually exclusive dichotomies such as ‘good-bad’, are the main driver influencing individuals’ decision to use violence against others. Furthermore, extant scholarship identifies ideologies, populism, and conspiracy theories as the three originators of Manichaean worldviews. However, the findings from my research, carried out between 2018 and 2023, challenge these arguments. Using narrative analysis, this article examines personal stories of a group of Italian former far-left militants, who participated in the violent campaign of the so-called ‘Years of Lead’. Far-left and far-right ideologies strongly influenced Italian socio-political movements of the time. Thus, this paper explores whether Manichaean perspectives informing far-left militants’ decision to resort to violence originated from far-left ideologies or whether they existed independently of these ideologies. I develop this analysis through the lens of Gestalt psychology, which considers human behavior as resulting from how our minds understand the relation between components of our surrounding environment. While confirming relations between Manichaean worldviews and violence, this paper finds that Manichaean perspectives result from human cognitive processes and are then rigidified by ideological narratives. This work provides important insight to better understand radicalization and engagement in violence, and to develop appropriate responses to prevent it.
A cross-sectional study to explore the relationship between the technology acceptance model and burnout and depression among pharmacists working with a pharmacy robotic dispensing system
Authors: Alshamsi Amna Ibrahim , AlHarthi Mariam , AbdulQader Hessa , Chhabrani Pramod , Ahmed Safa , Almansoori Muna
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study compares hospitals using a pharmacy robotic dispensing system (RPDS) with those using manual dispensing systems regarding burnout and depression among pharmacists in Emirates Health Services (EHS) hospitals. Furthermore, this study aims to bridge the gap in the literature concerning the relationship between burnout and the technology acceptance model (TAM).

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine whether burnout and TAM differed between hospitals with RPDS and those with manual dispensing system. The study was carried out in ten hospitals governed by the EHS.

Results

A total of 256 respondents completed the survey. Burnout and depression levels among pharmacists working with RPDS did not differ significantly from those using manual dispensing systems. However, the median of personal burnout levels in female pharmacists (Mdn = 50) differed significantly from those using manual dispensing systems (Mdn = 25; U = 3497.5, z = −7.8, p < 0.001, r = −0.49). In contrast, male pharmacists exhibited higher levels of technology acceptance (U = 11,357, z = 5.58, p < 0.001, r = 0.35; U = 10,391, z = 4.0, p < 0.001, r = 0.25).

Conclusion

This study explored the differences in burnout, depression levels, and TAM among employees working in public hospitals in the United Arab of Emirates. Overall, automation had both positive and negative effects on workplace stressors experienced by pharmacy staff.
Is PTSD symptomatology a mechanism of emotional regulation? Insights from an interdisciplinary point of view
Authors: Rojas-Saffie Juan Pablo , Álamos-Vial Nicolás , Pinzón-Merchán Manuela
Published: January 2025

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology has historically been considered a psychic ailment that is part of a mental disorder. However, it has often been proposed that it could play an adaptive role, in that it would prevent individuals from being exposed to content or situations that they would not be prepared to process. Within the literature on emotional regulation (ER), PTSD symptomatology has commonly been linked to the concept of emotional dysregulation (ED). However, some definitions open the possibility that traumatic symptomatology could be considered ER, from which delicate conclusions would follow. To resolve this dilemma, we turn to interdisciplinary dialogue, specifically with the aid of Thomistic anthropology, whose concepts allow us to understand precisely the relationship between voluntary and involuntary processes and the close relationship between the concepts of reason and regulation. Even though part of the PTSD symptomatology involves psychic mechanisms aimed at modifying emotional states, it is concluded that it is necessary to continue conceptualizing it as ED. The theoretical and practical implications of this discussion are reviewed.
Pilot implementation of two specific problem lists before and after solid organ transplantation into routine care
Authors: Higgen Sanna , Müller Evamaria , Barten Markus J. , Eickhoff Doreen , Grahammer Florian , Härter Martin , Bart Sabine , Sterneck Martina R. , Buchholz Angela
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Psychosocial distress and mental health problems are common in patients before and after solid organ transplantation and can negatively affect morbidity, mortality, and adherence. Even though regular screening is recommended to identify patients with high levels of distress, the implementation in routine care has been insufficient so far.

Methods

Two newly developed problem lists for patients before and after transplantations were pilot implemented for 8 weeks at the Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE) to identify factors facilitating and impeding their implementation.

Results

Health care professionals evaluated its appropriateness, feasibility, and the cooperation with the psychologists before (HCPs: n = 23) and after (HCPs: n = 19) the implementation. Four psychologists assessed the appropriateness and feasibility by answering to open-ended and close-ended questions. Additionally, patients before (n = 8) and after (n = 100) transplantation filled out the screening and rated its acceptance. Only the data of the patients after transplantation were analyzed due to the small sample size of patients before transplantation. HCPs and psychologists rated the screenings as very appropriate [HCPs: M = 3.84 (SD = 0.77) to M = 4.32 (SD = 0.58)]. It was also highly accepted among patients [M = 4.23 (SD = 0.85) to M = 4.68 (SD = 0.65)]. Contentment with the psychological support and understanding of the mental health problems among HCPs increased significantly from before to after the implementation (U = 107.50, p < 0.05, r = 0.33; U = 107.00, p < 0.05, r = 0.34). The feasibility of the problem list post-Tx in routine care, however, was seen as challenging [HCPs: M = 3.11 (SD = 1.05) to M = 3.47 (SD = 1.07)].

Discussion

The distress screening was accepted and improved the cooperation between different professions. Barriers to implementation can be lack of staff and resources. Future studies should assess the adoption and sustainability of the screening in routine care.
The relationship between psychopathic traits and executive functioning among incarcerated men
Authors: Rodriguez Aleija L. , Allen Corey H. , Maurer J. Michael , Edwards Bethany G. , Anderson Nathaniel E. , Harenski Carla L. , Koenigs Michael R. , Kiehl Kent A.
Published: January 2025

Individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits are often characterized by behaviors suggesting attenuated executive functioning (EF); however, the literature examining these two constructs have provided varied results. The current study sought to clarify the relationship between EF and psychopathic traits in a large sample of incarcerated men (n = 811). We utilized the Hare Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) and the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) to measure psychopathic traits and EFs, respectively. D-KEFS subtests included Verbal Letter Fluency, Tower Test, Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT), and Proverbs. Regression results showed that PCL-R Factor 1 scores (measuring interpersonal and affective traits) were positively associated with verbal fluency, verbal abstraction, and verbal inhibition ability. In addition, PCL-R Facet 4 scores (measuring antisocial traits) were negatively associated with performance on inhibitory EF tasks. Our findings help further clarify the relationships between specific psychopathic traits and forms of EF, and provide potential avenues for specialized treatment or intervention approaches targeting specific psychopathic traits.
Exploring the relationship between resilience, sense of coherence, and social support in a sample of nurses during the spread of COVID-19: a mediation analysis study
Authors: Rohani Camelia , Ahmadi Mehrnaz , Seyedtabib Maryam , Mehdipoorkorani Ladan
Published: January 2025

Background

During the spread of COVID-19, nurses on the front line of fighting the disease experienced severe psychological pressures. The ability to adapt to difficult situations is an essential requirement for maintaining individuals’ endurance during a crisis. This study was designed to explore the relationship between three outcome variables of resilience, sense of coherence (SOC), and perceived social support in a sample of Iranian nurses during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A cross-sectional study with a correlational design was conducted on 360 registered nurses from six university hospitals during the seventh wave of COVID-19 in our society. Data collection was conducted by the demographic information questionnaire, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).

Results

The results of the structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that social support had a direct positive effect on the SOC (β = 0.498, p < 0.001), and the SOC had a direct positive effect on the resilience (β = 0.688, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we found an indirect effect of social support on resilience through the complete mediating role of the SOC.

Conclusion

The full mediating role of SOC in the relationship between social support and resilience showed that nurses with a higher level of SOC had a better understanding of social support, and this can influence their resilience in the COVID-19 crisis. This is theoretical support for the application of the salutogenic approach to health intervention plans to promote a healthy orientation in nurses toward mobilizing resources.
Chronic low back pain and postural instability: interaction effects of pain severity, age, BMI, and disability
Authors: Alshahrani Adel , Reddy Ravi Shankar , Ravi Sunil Kumar
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to (1) compare postural sway patterns between individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and asymptomatic controls, (2) evaluate correlations between pain severity and postural stability variables, and (3) assess the interaction effects of age, BMI, pain severity, and disability on postural stability under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions.

Methods

Postural stability (sway area, sway velocity, CoP displacement) was assessed in 88 CLBP patients and 88 controls using a stabilometric platform. Pain severity (VAS) and disability (ODI) were recorded alongside demographic data. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Pearson’s correlations, and ANOVA to explore group differences, correlations, and interaction effects.

Results

Chronic low back pain patients exhibited significantly greater postural sway across all conditions, with larger sway area (16.80 ± 6.10 cm2 vs. 11.50 ± 4.10 cm2, p = 0.004) and higher sway velocity (4.10 ± 1.40 cm/s vs. 2.90 ± 1.00 cm/s, p = 0.009) under eyes-closed conditions. Pain severity correlated with sway velocity (r = 0.52, p = 0.003) and CoP displacement (r = 0.57, p = 0.002). Interaction effects indicated greater instability in older, obese individuals with severe pain and high disability.

Conclusion

Chronic low back pain is associated with impaired postural stability, influenced by pain severity, BMI, age, and disability. Targeted interventions addressing these factors are essential for improving balance and reducing fall risk.
The dynamics of organ donation in Palestine: legal, religious, and socioeconomic perspectives in a complex political and economic landscape
Authors: Hattab Muayad K. , Rahhal Belal M. , Mahamid Fayez , Adas Noor O. , Dawas Rana , Jaradat Nidal , Al Zabadi Hamzeh , Ali Iyad , Kielani Jamal , Musleh Ali , Khaled Ghassan
Published: January 2025

Background

Organ donation in Palestine is influenced by a unique blend of legal, religious, and socioeconomic factors compounded by the region’s political and economic instability. Despite the increasing need for organ transplantation, public hesitation and misconceptions hinder participation. This study aimed to explore these dynamics, identify barriers, and provide insights into improving organ donation practices in Palestine.

Methods

A quantitative survey was conducted among 639 Palestinian adults residing on the West Bank. The survey assessed participants’ attitudes, awareness, and perceptions of organ donation across three domains: religious/psychological, medical, and legal. The data were analyzed using chi-square tests and three-way ANOVA to explore differences in attitudes based on demographic factors such as sex, academic level, and place of residence.

Results

The study revealed significant variability in public attitudes toward organ donation, with 43.4% willing to donate organs after death but 30% still opposed. Religious and psychological awareness significantly influenced participants’ attitudes, with 40.35% agreeing that organ donation aligns with their beliefs. Medical awareness was higher, with 48.8% feeling informed about the process. Legal awareness was moderate, with 44.85% understanding of the legal framework. The analysis showed no significant demographic differences in attitudes toward organ donation.

Conclusion

Public awareness, religious beliefs, and socioeconomic conditions play crucial roles in shaping organ donation attitudes in Palestine. This study highlights the need for targeted educational campaigns that integrate religious perspectives and raise awareness about the legal and medical aspects of organ donation. Strengthening legal frameworks and healthcare infrastructure will be key to improving organ donation rates and ensuring ethical practices in the region.
Interaction between sleep duration and physical activity on mortality among cancer survivors: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007–2018
Authors: Chen Ruyan , Han Jianglong , Li Si , Deng Haiyu , Jian Tingting , Huang Zheyu , Wei Yuxuan , Fu Zhenming
Published: January 2025

Background

Sleep duration and physical activity (PA) are critical factors influencing mortality risk. However, the interaction between sleep duration and PA with mortality risk among cancer survivors has not been well explored.

Methods

This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2007–2018. Multivariable Cox regression analysis and restricted cubic splines were employed to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association of sleep duration and PA with mortality risk in cancer survivors. Multiplicative and additive interaction terms were constructed to assess interaction effects.

Results

The study included a total of 2,528 adult cancer survivors (aged≥20 years). Sleep duration exhibited a U-shaped association with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality, while demonstrating an inverted L-shaped association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Compared to physically inactive participants, those with adequate PA had lower risks of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.542, 95% CI: 0.540–0.543), cancer mortality (HR = 0.486, 95% CI: 0.484–0.488), and CVD mortality (HR = 0.759, 95% CI: 0.755–0.763) among cancer survivors. A significant additive interaction was found between extreme sleep duration and PA on all-cause mortality risk among cancer survivors (long sleep duration: relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = 1.514, 95% CI: 1.504–1.525; short sleep duration: RERI = 0.725, 95% CI: 0.713–0.737).

Conclusion

Extreme sleep duration and lack of PA were associated with mortality risk in cancer survivors independently and jointly. Maintain appropriate sleep duration and doing regular PA may synergistically improve cancer survival among cancer survivors.
On the epistemology of resilience in public health: a novel perspective in a changing world
Authors: Jatobá Alessandro , Castro-Nunes Paula , Rodrigues de Carvalho Paulo Victor
Published: January 2025

This review proposes the foundations for an epistemology of resilience in public health, addressing the need for a theoretical framework to guide research and policy. Resilience, often ambiguously defined, is reexamined here as a critical attribute of public health systems, enabling them to adapt, absorb, and respond to routine and extraordinary demands without compromising universal and equitable service delivery. By integrating logical, sociological, historical, and philosophical perspectives, the paper delineates resilience as a structured and measurable concept, distinguishing it from common ambiguities in academic and policy discourse. It further introduces a set of foundational axioms to clarify the boundaries of resilience and support its operationalization within public health. These axioms emphasize the interplay between structural and functional dynamics, responses to internal and external stressors, and the importance of systems-level design over reliance on individual adaptations. This epistemological approach aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice, providing a robust basis for developing evidence-based policies that strengthen public health systems' ability to meet evolving challenges while promoting equity and universality.
The ethics of artificial intelligence use in university libraries in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tsekea Stephen , Mandoga Edward
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionised higher education teaching and learning. AI has the power to analyse large amounts of data and make intelligent predictions thus changing the whole teaching and learning processes. However, such a rise has led to institutions questioning the morality of these applications. The changes have left librarians and educators worried about the major ethical questions surrounding privacy, equality of information, protection of intellectual property, cheating, misinformation and job security. Libraries have always been concerned about ethics and many go out of their way to make sure communities are educated about the ethical question. However, the emergence of artificial intelligence has caught them unaware.

Methods

This research investigates the preparedness of higher education librarians to support the ethical use of information within the higher and tertiary education fraternity. A qualitative approach was used for this study. Interviews were done with thirty purposively selected librarians and academics from universities in Zimbabwe.

Results

Findings indicated that many university libraries in Zimbabwe are still at the adoption stage of artificial intelligence. It was also found that institutions and libraries are not yet prepared for AI use and are still crafting policies on the use of AI.

Discussion

Libraries seem prepared to adopt AI. They are also prepared to offer training on how to protect intellectual property but have serious challenges in issues of transparency, data security, plagiarism detection and concerns about job losses. However, with no major ethical policies having been crafted on AI use, it becomes challenging for libraries to full adopt its usage.
Decoding gene expression dynamics in planktonic and biofilm cells of Streptococcus mutans: regulation and role of mutanofactin genes in biofilm formation
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Carda-Diéguez Miguel , Bloch Susanne , Thies Leon G. S. , Mira Alex , Schäffer Christina
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic infectious disease globally, with Streptococcus mutans recognized as a primary causative agent due to its acidogenicity and robust biofilm-forming ability. In S. mutans biofilm formation, the role of autoinducers has been extensively studied, while the influence of other small molecules remains largely unexplored. Mutanofactins, a class of polyketide/non-ribosomal lipopeptide secondary metabolites, are emerging as potential modulators of S. mutans biofilm development.

Methods

Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to examine gene expression patterns in S. mutans NMT4863 across distinct growth phases and lifestyles, aiming to identify metabolic factors influencing biofilm formation. Transcriptomic profiles were compared between cells in early-, mid-, and late-exponential-, and stationary phase, as well as between planktonic and biofilm cells. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and pathway analyses revealed significant alterations in key metabolic and regulatory pathways. Specifically, the biosynthetic mutanofactin gene cluster was analyzed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Several genes and operons were differentially expressed across the tested growth phases, with 1,095 genes showing differential expression between stationary-phase, planktonic and biofilm cells. Pathway analysis revealed significant changes in ascorbate metabolism, carbohydrate utilization and transport systems, lipoic acid metabolism, bacterial toxin pathways, two-component regulatory systems, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Notably, expression of the muf gene cluster, was elevated in early exponential-phase cells relative to stationary-phase cells. Additionally, the mufCDEFGHIJ genes were identified as components of a single transcriptional unit (muf operon). MufC, a transcriptional regulator of the TetR/AcrR-family, acts as a positive regulator of the muf operon in strain NMT4863. Bioinformatic analysis pinpointed a 20-bp regulatory sequence in the muf operon promoter region (5′-AAATGAGCTATAATTCATTT-3′). Interestingly, the muf operon was found to be significantly downregulated in biofilm cells.

Conclusion

This study provides key insights into gene expression dynamics that drive biofilm formation in S. mutans NMT4863, with a particular emphasis on the role of the muf operon. This operon is governed by the TetR/AcrR-family regulator MufC and plays a central role in biofilm development, offering a novel perspective on the molecular basis of S. mutans biofilm formation and resilience.
Histopathologic effects of mobile phone radiation exposure on the testes and sperm parameters: a systematic literature review of animal studies
Authors: Assefa Ebrahim Msaye , Abdu Seid Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Male infertility, often attributed to insufficient production of healthy and active sperm, can be exacerbated by electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phones, which disrupts normal spermatogenesis and leads to a notable decline in sperm quality. The main targets of mobile phone-induced damage in the testes are Leydig cells, seminiferous tubules, and sperm cells. The aim of this systematic literature review is to identify histopathological changes in the testes due to mobile phone radiation exposure and to examine its effects on sperm parameters in experimental animals.

Methods

In this systematic review, an extensive literature search was conducted across databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Hinari, and Google scholar.

Results

A total of 752 studies were identified for screening, and 18 studies were deemed eligible for data extraction. Studies have identified histopathological alterations in testicular tissue caused by mobile phone radiation, such as reduced seminiferous tubule diameter, tunica albuginea and germinal epithelial thickness, Leydig cell hypoplasia, and increased intertubular space. Consistent exposure to mobile phone radiation has been shown to significantly reduce sperm count, motility, and viability, while also increasing abnormal sperm morphology in male rats, mice, and rabbits.

Conclusion

Animal studies indicate that electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones can negatively impact testicular tissue and sperm parameters, including sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology. As a precaution, preventive measures are recommended to minimize potential risks from mobile phone exposure, and further research is needed to fully understand its effects on human reproductive health.
Exoskeletons: Enhancing the Future of Physical Work
Authors: Kozinc Žiga , Zelik Karl E.
Published: January 2025

What if you could wear a suit that instantly boosted your strength or endurance—one that made lifting objects easier or allowed you to hold heavy tools without getting tired? It turns out you can. They are called exoskeletons (exos for short). This new class of wearable technology is already used by tens of thousands of workers around the world to do their jobs more safely and efficiently. But these exos are not like the robotic superhero suits in the movies. In this article, we dive into the science, engineering, and impact of real-life exos in the workplace. We explore how exos work—from simple spring-based devices to more complex motorized ones—and the challenges faced by designers. You will learn how exos are changing the way people do physical work in industries like manufacturing, logistics, agriculture, construction, and healthcare, and why exos may be commonplace by the time kids today start working.
A family caregiver perspective: rethinking recovery with phenomenology
Authors: Ke Junyu
Published: January 2025

Our phenomenal experience of the world is shaped by lived moments of the present, which not only sediment into the fabric of our current reality but also actively contribute to shaping it. We continually engage in the generative and rich making of life through this ongoing, dynamic interaction with the world. From this perspective, body–mind differences resulting from brain injury could be seen as a profound transformation of one’s phenomenal experience of the world. The lessons I have drawn from my caregiving experience with my sister who has critical brain injuries highlight the need to move away from ableist beliefs that disabilities are deficits to be corrected or rejected to a positive and generative search for the new, alternative ways of living well with shifted physio-psychological conditions. Using phenomenological perspectives, I aim to shift the understanding of “abnormality” from the binary of normal/abnormal to a broader vision of care. For family caregivers who struggle to help their loved one to return to a better state of health and life quality, the key point of participating in the recovery process is to gear into the lived experience of the care recipient and grasp a genuine understanding of their reality.
Influence of time-of-day on neuromuscular performance in team sport athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martin-López Julio , Pérez-López Alberto , Varillas-Delgado David , López-Samanes Álvaro
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Although circadian rhythms have been shown to influence some neuromuscular performance tasks, the time-of-day effect on team sports performance athletes remains equivocal. This study aimed to examine the existing evidence concerning diurnal variations in neuromuscular performance in professional and semi-professional team sports athletes using a meta-analytic approach.

Methods

A literature search was conducted through three different databases: PubMed, SportDiscus and Web of Science. Article selection was made based on the following inclusion criteria: team sports athletes, professional or semi-professional athletes, neuromuscular performance, testing protocols and time-of-day testing times. Neuromuscular performance parameters such vertical jump capacity (i.e., squat and countermovement jump), agility and isometric strength were included in the analysis. Testing protocols that specifically assessed these parameters across morning (AM) and late afternoon/evening (PM) periods were considered were extracted from the selected studies.

Results

Ten studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis and five for quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis indicated lower countermovement jump in the AM compared to with PM (mean difference, −1.44; 95% CI −2.80 to −0.08; p = 0.04) and higher agility performance (mean difference 0.42; 95% CI 0.09–0.74; p = 0.01) in PM comparing with AM. No differences were reported in isometric strength and squat jump performance (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Neuromuscular performance is higher in the late afternoon or early evening compared to morning schedules in team sport athletes. Hence, time-of-day variations need to be considered when evaluating neuromuscular performance in professional and semi-professional team sports athletes.