bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly elastic hard PECVD TiSiC:H/a-SiC:H coatings with enhanced erosion and corrosion resistance: The trampoline effect
Authors: Hassani S. , Li D. , Martinu L. , Klemberg-Sapieha J. E.
Published: June 2023

Advanced protective coatings providing high resistance to solid particle erosion as well as corrosion require system designs that combine the controlled dissipation of impact energy with the suppressed diffusion of corrosive media. In the present work, we propose and investigate a coating architecture benefiting from a “trampoline” energy-damping effect in which a hard TiSiC:H layer on top of an elastic a-SiC:H underlayer is prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on aerospace-grade titanium (Ti6Al4V) alloy and stainless steel 410 (SS410) substrates provided with a Cr adhesion layer. In the first part of the work, we study the effect of hydrogen in the individual a-SiC:H films (determined by elastic recoil detection) on their morphology (using scanning electron microscopy) and the mechanical and tribological properties. The films exhibit a highly advantageous combination of properties such as high hardness (>20 GPa), high elastic recovery of up to 80%, low friction coefficient (μ = 0.15 against alumina counterpart), and excellent resistance to plastic deformation and elastic resilience, expressed by the hardness (H), reduced Young's modulus (Er), and the H/E, H3/Er2, and H2/Er ratios. In particular, the measured elastic strain-to-failure of the coatings reached an unusually high value of H/Er > 0.2, thus exceeding the super-elastic limit. Simultaneously, the a-SiC:H films provided an excellent corrosion and wear protection documented by a corrosion current that was found 103–104 times lower and a wear rate that was 34 times lower compared to the values for the bare SS410 substrate. When a top TiSiC:H layer (H = 30 GPa) was applied to complete a total thickness of 25 μm, the TiSiC:H/a-SiC:H system reduced the solid particle erosion rate (Al2O3 microparticles 50 μm in diameter, speed of 36 m/s, and 90° impact angle) by a factor of 37 for films exhibiting a composite H/E ratio of 0.26. The results of the present work show that hard and highly elastic a-SiC:H-based multilayer coating systems with selectively controlled mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties are promising candidates for the protection of metallic materials in harsh environments.
Cohesion and aggregates in unsaturated wet granular flows down a rough incline
Authors: Deboeuf S. , Fall A.
Published: June 2023

Multi-phase flows, encountered in nature or in industry, exhibit non-trivial rheological properties, which we attempt to better understand thanks to model materials and appropriate rheometers. Unsaturated wet granular flows down a rough inclined plane turn out to be steady and uniform for a wide range of parameters, despite the cohesion and the grain aggregates. The cohesive Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion extended to inertial granular flows, with a cohesion stress dependent on the liquid content and an internal friction coefficient dependent on the inertial number, allows for predictions in good agreement with our experimental measurements, when one introduces a grain aggregate size, which defines the appropriate length and relaxation time scales in the inertial number. We found that the grain aggregate size depends not monotonically on the liquid content and does not scale with the cohesion length induced by the cohesion stress, due to the non-trivial distribution of the liquid within the granular material.
Online and Mobile-Technology-Facilitated Movement Interventions Among Disability Populations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kim Taewoo , Kirk T.N.
Published: June 2023

In 2017, Lai et al. identified technology use as a potentially useful means of delivering movement-based interventions to improve physical activity outcomes for individuals with disabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to summarize technology-facilitated movement interventions using remote (i.e., phone-, internet-, or app-based) technology for people with disabilities. Electronic database searches yielded 15 relevant intervention studies published between 2016 and 2022. Studies centered on various disability populations (e.g., autism, intellectual disabilities, and mobility impairments), used several technology-facilitated approaches (e.g., app-based, telehealth-based, online-based, and virtual-reality-enhanced), and included a range of outcome variables (e.g., physical activity, motor skills, body composition, and program efficacy). Findings indicate that in the years since the previous review, technology-facilitated interventions have become more frequent, and future research should continue to develop and refine such interventions to increase their accessibility and effectiveness for disability populations.
Activity of Ivermectin and Its Metabolites against Asexual Blood Stage Plasmodium falciparum and Its Interactions with Antimalarial Drugs
Authors: Yipsirimetee Achaporn , Tipthara Phornpimon , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Tripura Rupam , Lek Dysoley , Kümpornsin Krittikorn , Lee Marcus C. S. , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Dondorp Arjen M. , White Nicholas J. , Kobylinski Kevin C. , Tarning Joel , Chotivanich Kesinee
Published: June 2023

Ivermectin is an endectocide used widely to treat a variety of internal and external parasites. Field trials of ivermectin mass drug administration for malaria transmission control have demonstrated a reduction of
Anopheles
mosquito survival and human malaria incidence.
A Globally Distributed Bacteroides caccae Strain Is the Most Prevalent Mother-Child Shared
Bacteroidaceae
Strain in a Large Scandinavian Cohort
Authors: Nilsen Morten , Rehbinder Eva Maria , Lødrup Carlsen Karin C. , Haugen Guttorm , Hedlin Gunilla , Jonassen Christine Monceyron , Killingstad Madeleine-Emilie , Nordlund Björn , Ormaasen Ida , Skjerven Håvard O. , Snipen Lars , Staff Anne Cathrine , Söderhäll Cilla , Sørensen Regina , Vettukattil Riyas , Wilborn Lene Marie , Rudi Knut
Published: June 2023

Our study provides evidence that
Bacteroidaceae
strains present on infants’ skin within 10 min after birth, in meconium samples, and in fecal samples at 3 months of age in vaginally delivered infants are shared with their mothers. Using strain resolution analyses, we identified two strains, belonging to
Bacteroides caccae
and
Phocaeicola vulgatus
, as shared between mothers and their infants.
Carnivorous
Nepenthes
Pitchers with Less Acidic Fluid House Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
Authors: Bittleston Leonora S. , Wolock Charles J. , Maeda Junko , Infante Valentina , Ané Jean-Michel , Pierce Naomi E. , Pringle Anne
Published: June 2023

Plants use different strategies to obtain the nutrients that they need to grow. Some plants access their nitrogen directly from the soil, while others rely on microbes to access the nitrogen for them.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Mycobacterial Infected Macrophages Reveals a High MOI Specific Type I IFN Signaling
Authors: Ding Yue , Bei Cheng , Xue Qinghua , Niu Liangfei , Tong Jingfeng , Chen Yiwang , Takiff Howard E. , Gao Qian , Yan Bo
Published: June 2023

Macrophage (MΦ) infection models are important tools for studying host–mycobacterial interactions. Although the multiplicity of infection (MOI) is an important experimental variable, the selection of MOI in mycobacterial infection experiments is largely empirical, without reference to solid experimental data.
SLF2 Interacts with the SMC5/6 Complex to Direct Hepatitis B Virus Episomal DNA to Promyelocytic Leukemia Bodies for Transcriptional Repression
Authors: Yao Qiyan , Peng Bo , Li Cong , Li Xuelei , Chen Mingyi , Zhou Zhongmin , Tang Dingbin , He Jiabei , Wu Yumeng , Sun Yinyan , Li Wenhui
Published: June 2023

Chronic HBV infection remains a major public health problem worldwide. Current antiviral treatments rarely cure the infection, as they cannot clear the viral reservoir, cccDNA, in the nucleus.
Phage-Antibiotic Cocktail Rescues Daptomycin and Phage Susceptibility against Daptomycin-Nonsusceptible Enterococcus faecium in a Simulated Endocardial Vegetation
Ex Vivo
Model
Authors: Kunz Coyne Ashlan J. , Stamper Kyle , El Ghali Amer , Kebriaei Razieh , Biswas Biswajit , Wilson Melanie , Deschenes Michael V. , Tran Truc T. , Arias Cesar A. , Rybak Michael J.
Published: June 2023

Our study supports the additional benefit of standard-of-care antibiotics combined with a phage cocktail compared to antibiotic alone against a daptomycin-nonsusceptible (DNS)
E. faecium
isolate in a high-inoculum simulated endocardial vegetation
ex vivo
PK/PD model.
E. faecium
is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Daptomycin is considered the first-line therapy for vancomycin-resistant
E. faecium
(VRE), but the highest published doses have failed to eradicate some VRE isolates.
Laser Generation of Colloidal Nanoparticles in Liquids: Key Processes of Laser Dispersion and Main Characteristics of Nanoparticles
Authors: Nastulyavichus A. A. , Kudryashov S. I. , Emelyanenko A. M. , Boinovich L. B.
Published: June 2023

The processes of laser dispersion of materials for high-performance generation of colloidal nanoparticles in liquids have been considered. Various laser and material parameters affecting this process have been studied. Efficiencies and ergonomics of the generation of colloidal nanoparticles with the help of laser systems having nano-, pico-, and femtosecond pulse durations have been compared using optical and mass criteria by the example of laser ablation of a chemically inert model material (gold) in distilled water without the use of chemical stabilizers. The main characteristics of gold and silver nanoparticles obtained by ablation in water using pulsed laser radiation of different durations have been comprehensively compared. The types of colloidal interactions between nanoparticles in aqueous media have been discussed, and the contributions of structural and ion-electrostatic interactions to the long-term stability of gold and silver nanoparticle dispersions have been analyzed.
Diarrhoea, vomiting and reduced wet nappies – a familiar story with unexpected twists
Authors: Jones Elena , Song JongEun , Alam Shouja
Published: June 2023

Vomiting and diarrhoea is a common presenting complaint in paediatrics. Most often it is due to a benign and self-limiting infectious illness. Here, we explore the diagnostic journey of a 7-month-old infant with these symptoms presenting in a secondary care hospital and the overnight clinical problem solving involved in tackling the unexpected complexities.
Stages of psychological change among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in China: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Rui , Fan Jian-Gao , Shi Jun-Ping , Mao Yi-Min , Wang Bing-Yuan , Zhao Jing-Min , Lu Lun Gen , Zhong Bi-Hui , Zou Zheng-Sheng , Xu You-Qing , Ye Yi-Nong , Liu Longgen , Lin Lian-Jie , Rao Huiying , Wei Lai
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. However, treatment of NAFLD is potentially influenced by psychological conditions. Using the simplified version of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA-SV) scale, this study aimed to evaluate the stage of psychological change as a prerequisite to refining implementation strategies for psychological change.

Design

A multicentre cross-sectional survey.

Setting

Ninety hospitals in China.

Participants

5181 patients with NAFLD were included in this study.

Outcome measures

All patients completed the URICA-SV questionnaire and were assigned to one of the three stages of change (precontemplation, contemplation or action) according to their readiness scores. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with the stage of psychological change.

Results

A total of 4832 (93.3%) patients were included in the precontemplation stage and only 349 (6.7%) considered making a change or preparing to make one. There were significant differences in gender (Cohen’s d=0.039, p=0.005), age (Cohen’s d=−0.327, p<0.001), waist circumference (Cohen’s d=0.143, p=0.003), alanine transaminase (Cohen’s d=0.347, p=0.001), triglyceride (Cohen’s d=0.351, p=0.002), body mass index (BMI; Cohen’s d=0.056, p<0.001), proportion of hyperlipidaemia (Cohen’s d=0.068, p<0.001) and cardiovascular disease (Cohen’s d=0.032, p=0.029), therapeutic regimen (Cohen’s d=0.136, p<0.001), and Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease overall score (Cohen’s d=−0.420, p<0.001) between patients with NAFLD in the precontemplation stage and those in the contemplation/action stage. Logistic regression identified BMI (HR 0.659, 95% CI 0.469 to 0.928, p=0.017), cardiovascular disease (HR 2.161, 95% CI 1.089 to 4.287, p=0.027) and triglyceride (HR 0.751, 95% CI 0.591 to 0.955, p=0.020) as independent factors predicting psychological change.

Conclusions

The results demonstrated that very few patients with NAFLD presented psychological condition in the stage of action. Psychological condition was found to be significantly related to BMI, cardiovascular disease and triglyceride factors. Integrated diversity considerations for evaluating psychological change are necessary.
Public health emergency operations centres in Africa: a cross-sectional study assessing the implementation status of core components and areas for improvement, December 2021
Authors: Fekadu Senait Tekeste , Gebrewahid Abrham Lilay , Mankoula Wessam , Eteng Womi , Lokossou Virgil , Kawe Yan , Abdullah Ali , Jian L , Kol Mathew Tut M. , Wilton Menchion Chuck , Rosenfeld Emily , Bemo Valerie Nkamgang , Collard Emily , McGinley Liz , Halm Ariane , Aragaw Merawi , Conteh Ishata Nannie , Braka Fiona , Gueye Abdou Salam
Published: June 2023

Objective

To assess implementation status of public health emergency operations centres (PHEOCs) in all countries in Africa.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Fifty-four national PHEOC focal points in Africa responded to an online survey between May and November 2021. Included variables aimed to assess capacities for each of the four PHEOC core components. To assess the PHEOCs’ functionality, criteria were defined from among the collected variables by expert consensus based on PHEOC operations’ prioritisation. We report results of the descriptive analysis, including frequencies of proportions.

Results

A total of 51 (93%) African countries responded to the survey. Among these, 41 (80%) have established a PHEOC. Twelve (29%) of these met 80% or more of the minimum requirements and were classified as fully functional. Twelve (29%) and 17 (41%) PHEOCs that met 60%–79% and below 60% the minimum requirements were classified as functional and partially functional, respectively.

Conclusions

Countries in Africa made considerable progress in setting up and improving functioning of PHEOCs. One-third of the responding countries with a PHEOC have one fulfilling at least 80% of the minimum requirements to operate the critical emergency functions. There are still several African countries that either do not have a PHEOC or whose PHEOCs only partially meet these minimal requirements. This calls for significant collaboration across all stakeholders to establish functional PHEOCs in Africa.
Use of second-generation antipsychotics in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Lopes Luis Phillipe Nagem , de Oliveira Jardel Corrêa , Bergamaschi Cristiane de Cássia , Fulone Izabela , Lima Elisangela da Costa , Abe Flávia Casale , Mazzei Lauren Giustti , Figueiró Mabel Fernandes , Lopes Luciane Cruz
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Atypical antipsychotics have been studied to treat autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, like little is known about whether these drugs are effective and safe when compared in controlled and non-controlled settings. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of second-generation antipsychotics in ASD in randomised controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies.

Methods and analysis

This systematic review will include RCT and prospective cohorts evaluating second-generation antipsychotics in people 5 years and older diagnosed with ASD. Searches will be conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, Lilacs, CINAHL, PsycINFO, trial registries and grey literature databases without restriction on publication status, year of publication and language. The primary outcomes will be symptoms of aggressive behaviour, quality of life for the individual or their careers, and discontinuation or dropouts/withdrawals of antipsychotics due to adverse events. The secondary outcomes are other not serious adverse events and adherence to pharmacotherapy. Selection, data extraction, and quality assessment will be performed by pairs of reviewers, independently. The Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools will be used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. If appropriate, a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis will be conducted to synthesise the results. The overall quality of the evidence for each outcome will be determined by the Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Ethics and dissemination

This study will systematically summarise the existing evidence evaluating the use of second-generation antipsychotics for treating ASD, in controlled and uncontrolled studies. The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022353795.
Regional disparity in the provision of rehabilitation services using the open data from the Japanese national claims database: an ecological study
Authors: Morii Yasuhiro , Abiko Kagari , Ishikawa Tomoki , Fujiwara Kensuke , Konomura Keiko , Ogasawara Katsuhiko
Published: June 2023

Objectives

There are few reports on regional differences in the supply/utilisation balance and provision of rehabilitation services. This study analysed those regional differences in Japan to help policymakers provide more uniform and efficient rehabilitation services and optimally allocate related resources.

Design

An ecological study.

Setting

47 prefectures and 9 regions in Japan in 2017.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary measures were ‘supply/utilisation (S/U) ratio’, calculated by dividing rehabilitation supply converted to service units, by rehabilitation utilisation and ‘utilisation/expected utilisation (U/EU) ratio’, calculated by dividing utilisation by EU. The EU was defined as utilisation expected from the demography in each area. Data required to calculate these indicators were collected from open sources such as the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan Open Data Japan.

Results

The S/U ratios were higher in Shikoku, Kyusyu, Tohoku and Hokuriku regions, and lower in Kanto and Tokai regions. The number of rehabilitation providers per population was higher mostly in the western part of Japan and lower mostly in the eastern part. The U/EU ratios were also higher mostly in the western part, and lower mostly in the eastern part such as Tohoku and Hokuriku regions. The same trend was seen for cerebrovascular disease and musculoskeletal disorder rehabilitation, which accounted for approximately 84% of rehabilitation services. For disuse syndrome rehabilitation, such a trend did not exist, and the U/EU ratio differed by prefectures.

Conclusions

The large surplus in rehabilitation supply in the western part was attributed to the greater number of providers, while the smaller surplus in Kanto and Tokai regions was due to the smaller amount of supply. The number of rehabilitation services used was lesser in the eastern part such as Tohoku and Hokuriku regions, indicating regional differences in the provision of rehabilitation services.
Coinfections of malaria and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Sorano Sumire , Gore-Langton Georgia , Opondo Charles , Smith Chris , Matsui Mitsuaki , Chaponda Enesia Banda , Chandramohan Daniel , Chico R Matthew
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Malaria infection and curable sexually transmitted infections and reproductive tract infections (STIs/RTIs) adversely impact pregnancy outcomes. In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of malaria and curable STIs/RTIs is high and, where coinfection is common, combination interventions may be needed to improve pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to estimate the prevalence of malaria and curable STI/RTI coinfection during pregnancy, risk factors for coinfection and prevalence of associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods and analysis

We will use three electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE and Malaria in Pregnancy Library to identify studies involving pregnant women attending routine antenatal care facilities in sub-Saharan Africa and reporting malaria and curable STI/RTI test results, published in any language since 2000. We will search databases in the second quarter of 2023 and repeat the search before completion of our analyses. The first two authors will screen titles and abstracts, selecting studies that meet inclusion criteria and qualify for full-text screening. If agreement on inclusion/exclusion cannot be reached, the last author will serve as arbiter. We will extract data from eligible publications for a study-level meta-analysis. We will contact research groups of included studies and request individual participant data for meta-analysis. The first two authors will conduct a quality appraisal of included studies using the GRADE system. The last author will adjudicate if the first two authors do not agree on any appraisals. We will conduct sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of effect estimates over time (by decade and half-decade periods), geography (East/Southern Africa vs West/Central Africa), gravidity (primigravidae, secundigravidae, multigravidae), treatment type and dosing frequency, and malaria transmission intensity.

Ethics and dissemination

We obtained ethics approval from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM Ethics Ref: 26167). Results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and presentation at scientific conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021224294.
The assignments of the $$B_s$$ mesons within the screened potential model and $$^3P_0$$ model
Authors: Hao Wei , Lu Yu , Wang En
Published: June 2023

We investigate the mass spectrum and the decay properties of the$$B_s$$Bsmesons within the screened nonrelativistic quark model and the$$^3P_0$$3P0model. Our results suggest that the$$B_{sJ}(6064)$$BsJ(6064)and$$B_{sJ}(6114)$$BsJ(6114)states, as the first solution of the recently LHCb measurements, could be explained as the$$B_s(1^3D_3)$$Bs(13D3)and$$B_s(1^3D_1)$$Bs(13D1), respectively. In addition, the$$B_{sJ}(6109)$$BsJ(6109)and$$B_{sJ}(6158)$$BsJ(6158)states, as the second solution of the LHCb measurements, could be explained as the$$B_{s2}^\prime (1D)$$Bs2′(1D)and$$B_{s1}(2P)$$Bs1(2P), respectively. Meanwhile, the$$B_{s1}(5830)$$Bs1(5830)could be interpreted as the candidate of the$$B_{s1}(1P)$$Bs1(1P). We also calculated the decay properties of the other excited$$B_s$$Bsmesons with the predicted masses, which should be helpful for the experimental searching in future.
Quantum avoidance of Gödel’s closed timelike curves
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Modesto Leonardo
Published: June 2023

In a large class of nonlocal as well as local higher derivative theories minimally coupled to the matter sector, we investigate the exactness of two different classes of homogeneous Gödel-type solutions, which may or may not allow closed time-like curves (CTC). Our analysis is limited to spacetimes solving the Einstein’s EoM, thus we can not exclude the presence of other Gödel-type solutions solving the EoM of local and nonlocal higher derivative theories but not the Einstein’s EoM. It turns out that the homogeneous Gödel spacetimes without CTC are basically exact solutions for all theories, while the metrics with CTC are not exact solutions of (super-)renormalizable local or nonlocal gravitational theories. Hence, the quantum renormalizability property excludes theories suffering of the Gödel’s causality violation. We also comment about nonlocal gravity non-minimally coupled to matter. In this class of theories, all the Gödel’s spacetimes, with or without CTC, are exact solutions at classical level. However, the quantum corrections, although perturbative, very likely spoil the exactness of such solutions. Therefore, we can state that the Gödel’s Universes with CTC and the super-renormalizability are mutually exclusive.
f(R) gravity model for dark energy and dark matter
Authors: Park Jiwon , Lee Tae Hoon
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we suggest an [Formula: see text] gravity model for the dark energy, which can also be applied for a kind of galactic dark matter. Constructing the [Formula: see text] gravitational Lagrangians by Legendre transform from scalar-tensor theories, we study a future behavior of the late-time accelerating Universe as well as a subsequent behavior of an inflation model. Moreover, we discuss possible relations to the galactic dark matter, with a spherically symmetric solution for the static metric in our [Formula: see text] model.
A polyhedral approach to the arithmetic and geometry of hyperbolic link complements
Authors: Kellerhals Ruth
Published: June 2023

We provide an elementary polyhedral approach to study and deduce results about the arithmeticity and commensurability of an infinite family of hyperbolic link complements [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. The manifold [Formula: see text] is the complement of [Formula: see text] by the ([Formula: see text])-link chain [Formula: see text] and has [Formula: see text] cusps. We show that [Formula: see text] is closely related to a hyperbolic Coxeter orbifold that is commensurable to an orbifold with a single cusp. Vinberg’s arithmeticity criterion and certain cusp density and volume computations allow us to reproduce some of the main results in [20] and [18] about [Formula: see text] in a comparatively elementary and direct way.

As a by-product, we give a rigorous proof of Thurston’s volume formula for [Formula: see text] and deduce that, for [Formula: see text], the volume of [Formula: see text] is strictly bigger than the volume of the ([Formula: see text])-cyclic cover over one component of the Whitehead link.
Born reciprocity and discretized Finsler structure: An approach to quantize GR curvature tensors on three-sphere
Authors: Tawfik Abdel Nasser , Dabash Tahia F.
Published: June 2023

At relativistic energies and finite magnetic fields, the noncommutative relation of distance and momentum, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the fundamental theory of quantum mechanics, is conjectured to get modifications. Results from various rigorous approaches to quantum gravity, such as string theory, loop quantum gravity and doubly special relativity support the generalization of the noncommutative relation of the distance and momentum operators and the emergence of a minimal measurable length. With the relativistic four-dimensional generalized uncertainty principle (RGUP) in curved spacetime and Born reciprocity principle, the distance–momentum duality symmetry, we suggest to generalize Riemann to Finsler geometry. The Finsler structure allows the direct implementation of RGUP with its quantum-mechanical nature on a free particle with mass m, so that the Finsler structure [Formula: see text] can be expressed as [Formula: see text], from which the quantized fundamental tensor can be deduced. We present a systematic analytic and numerical evaluation of the additional geometric structures and connections which exclusively emerged from the proposed quantization approach on three-sphere. When limiting the discussion on the Einstein tensor, we find that the emerged curvatures, i.e. additional sources of gravitation, are dominant almost everywhere on the three-sphere. The nature of those curvatures is radically distinct from the ones of the classical Einstein tensor. For instance, the additional curvatures are no longer smooth or continuous.
Electrostatic potential and optoelectronic characteristics of Janus MoSSe/MX2 (M = Mo, X = S, Se) vdW Heterostructures with strain engineering
Authors: Du Gonghe , Yang Qianwen , Hu Xudong , Ma Shuangxiong , Ren Yani , Xu Yonggang , Ren Zhaoyu , Zhao Qiyi , Li Lu
Published: June 2023

The modulation of electrostatic potential and optoelectronic characteristics of Janus MoSSe/MX2 (M [Formula: see text] Mo, X [Formula: see text] S, Se) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with strain engineering were studied by first principles. Based on the effection of uniaxial strain, the electronic properties of heterostructures not only are induced to form direct band gap and indirect band gap and even semiconductor-metal transformation, but also lead to strong interface-built electric field and excellent optical adsorption properties in the range of IR-visible. This work reveals the photophysical properties of MoSSe/MX2 vdW heterostructures as well as shows their strong potential for applications in novel optoelectronic devices and photocatalysis.
Highly dispersive optical solitons and solitary wave solutions for the (2 + 1)-dimensional Mel’nikov equation in modeling interaction of long waves with short wave packets in two dimensions
Authors: Das Nilkanta , Saha Ray S.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the optical soliton and solitary wave solutions of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Mel’nikov equation are investigated using the Kudryashov [Formula: see text] function technique. The Kudryashov [Formula: see text] function approach has various features that significantly facilitate symbolic computing, particularly for highly dispersive nonlinear equations. In computations, this approach has the benefit of not requiring the use of a certain function form. This approach gives an algorithm that is straightforward, efficient, and simple for finding solitary wave solutions. In addition, this approach is very influential and reliable when it comes to discovering hyperbolic function solutions of nonlinear equations. Many new hyperbolic function solutions have been obtained from the governing equation by using this technique. In addition, numerous types of soliton solutions describing various structures of optical solitons are retrieved. Using this method, breather, W-shaped, bell shaped, and bright soliton solutions have been generated from the governing equation. From the obtained results, it can be asserted that the applied approach may be a useful tool for addressing more highly nonlinear problems in various fields. By choosing particular values for the relevant parameters, the dynamic features of some breather, W-shaped, bell shaped and bright soliton solutions to the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Mel’nikov equation have been displayed in 3D, 2D and contour graphs.
Explicit representations for Banach subspaces of Lizorkin distributions
Authors: Neumayer Sebastian , Unser Michael
Published: June 2023

The Lizorkin space is well suited to the study of operators like fractional Laplacians and the Radon transform. In this paper, we show that the space is unfortunately not complemented in the Schwartz space. In return, we show that it is dense in [Formula: see text], a property that is shared by the larger Schwartz space and that turns out to be useful for applications. Based on this result, we investigate subspaces of Lizorkin distributions that are Banach spaces and for which a continuous representation operator exists. Then, we introduce a variational framework that involves these spaces and that makes use of the constructed operator. By investigating two particular cases of this framework, we are able to strengthen existing results for fractional splines and 2-layer ReLU networks.
On the homology of spaces of equivariant maps
Authors: Vassiliev V. A.
Published: June 2023

A spectral sequence calculating the homology groups of some spaces of maps equivariant under compact group actions is described. For the main motivating example, we calculate the rational homology groups of spaces of even and odd maps [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or, which is the same, the stable homology groups of spaces of non-resultant homogeneous polynomial maps [Formula: see text] of increasing degree. Also, we calculate the homology groups of spaces of [Formula: see text]-equivariant maps of odd-dimensional spheres for any [Formula: see text]. In auxiliary calculations, we find the homology groups of configuration spaces of projective and lens spaces with coefficients in several local systems.
Complete classification of generalized crossing changes between GOF-knots
Authors: Ishihara Kai , Rathbun Matt
Published: June 2023

We analyze all monodromies of genus one fibered knots that possess clean or once-unclean arcs, and use this to determine all manifolds containing genus one fibered knots with generalized crossing changes resulting in another genus one fibered knot, and classify all such generalized crossing changes between two genus one, fibered knots.
A Method to Screen, Assess, and Prepare Open Data for Use
Authors: Krasikov Pavel , Legner Christine
Published: June 2023

Open data's value-creating capabilities and innovation potential are widely recognized, resulting in a notable increase in the number of published open data sources. A crucial challenge for companies intending to leverage open data is to identify suitable open datasets that support specific business scenarios and prepare these datasets for use. Researchers have developed several open data assessment techniques, but those are restricted in scope, do not consider the use context, and are not embedded in the complete set of activities required for open data consumption in enterprises. Therefore, our research aims to develop prescriptive knowledge in the form of a meaningful method to screen, assess, and prepare open data for use in an enterprise setting. Our findings complement existing open data assessment techniques by providing methodological guidance to prepare open data of uncertain quality for use in a value-adding and demand-oriented manner, enabled by knowledge graphs and linked data concepts. From an academic perspective, our research conceptualizes open data preparation as a purposeful and value-creating process.
Soft Computing Techniques for Detecting Cyberbullying in Social Multimedia Data
Authors: Jing Yang , Haowei Ma , Ansari Arshiya S. , Sucharitha G. , Omarov Batyrkhan , Kumar Sandeep , Mohammadi Mohammad Sajid , Alyamani Khaled A. Z.
Published: June 2023

Cyberbullying is a form of abuse, manipulation, or humiliation directed against a single person via the Internet. CB makes use of nasty Internet comments and remarks. It occurs when someone publicly mocks, insults, slanders, criticizes, or mocks another person while remaining anonymous on the Internet. As a result, there is a rising need to create new methods for sifting through data on social media sites for symptoms of cyberbullying. The goal is to lessen the negative consequences of this condition. This article discusses a soft computing-based methodology for detecting cyberbullying in social multimedia data. This model incorporates social media data. Normalization is performed to remove noise from data. To improve a feature, the Particle Swarm Optimization Technique is applied. Feature optimization helps to make cyberbullying detection more accurate. The LSTM model is used to classify things. With the help of social media data, the PSO LSTM model is getting better at finding cyberbullying. The accuracy of PSO LSTM is 99.1%. It is 2.9% higher than the accuracy of the AdaBoost technique and 10.4% more than the accuracy of the KNN technique. The specificity and sensitivity of PSO-based LSTM is also higher in percentage than KNN and AdaBoost algorithm.
A Unified Arbitrary Style Transfer Framework via Adaptive Contrastive Learning
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Tang Fan , Dong Weiming , Huang Haibin , Ma Chongyang , Lee Tong-Yee , Xu Changsheng
Published: June 2023

This work presents Unified Contrastive Arbitrary Style Transfer (UCAST), a novel style representation learning and transfer framework, that can fit in most existing arbitrary image style transfer models, such as CNN-based, ViT-based, and flow-based methods. As the key component in image style transfer tasks, a suitable style representation is essential to achieve satisfactory results. Existing approaches based on deep neural networks typically use second-order statistics to generate the output. However, these hand-crafted features computed from a single image cannot leverage style information sufficiently, which leads to artifacts such as local distortions and style inconsistency. To address these issues, we learn style representation directly from a large number of images based on contrastive learning by considering the relationships between specific styles and the holistic style distribution. Specifically, we present an adaptive contrastive learning scheme for style transfer by introducing an input-dependent temperature. Our framework consists of three key components: a parallel contrastive learning scheme for style representation and transfer, a domain enhancement (DE) module for effective learning of style distribution, and a generative network for style transfer. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations show the results of our approach are superior to those obtained via state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at
https://github.com/zyxElsa/CAST_pytorch
.
The Logic of Transgenerational Inheritance: Timescales of Adaptation
Authors: Sengupta Titas , Kaletsky Rachel , Murphy Coleen T.
Published: June 2023

Myriad mechanisms have evolved to adapt to changing environments. Environmental stimuli alter organisms’ physiology to create memories of previous environments. Whether these environmental memories can cross the generational barrier has interested scientists for centuries. The logic of passing on information from generation to generation is not well understood. When is it useful to remember ancestral conditions, and when might it be deleterious to continue to respond to a context that may no longer exist? The key might be found in understanding the environmental conditions that trigger long-lasting adaptive responses. We discuss the logic that biological systems may use to remember environmental conditions. Responses spanning different generational timescales employ different molecular machineries and may result from differences in the duration or intensity of the exposure. Understanding the molecular components of multigenerational inheritance and the logic underlying beneficial and maladaptive adaptations is fundamental to understanding how organisms acquire and transmit environmental memories across generations.
tRNA Dysregulation in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Burgess Robert W. , Storkebaum Erik
Published: June 2023

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) decode messenger RNA codons to peptides at the ribosome. The nuclear genome contains many tRNA genes for each amino acid and even each anticodon. Recent evidence indicates that expression of these tRNAs in neurons is regulated, and they are not functionally redundant. When specific tRNA genes are nonfunctional, this results in an imbalance between codon demand and tRNA availability. Furthermore, tRNAs are spliced, processed, and posttranscriptionally modified. Defects in these processes lead to neurological disorders. Finally, mutations in the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) also lead to disease. Recessive mutations in several aaRSs cause syndromic disorders, while dominant mutations in a subset of aaRSs lead to peripheral neuropathy, again due to an imbalance between tRNA supply and codon demand. While it is clear that disrupting tRNA biology often leads to neurological disease, additional research is needed to understand the sensitivity of neurons to these changes.
Cis Interactions of Membrane Receptors and Ligands
Authors: Hui Enfu
Published: June 2023

Cell-cell communication is critical for the development and function of multicellular organisms. A crucial means by which cells communicate with one another is physical interactions between receptors on one cell and their ligands on a neighboring cell. Trans ligand:receptor interactions activate the receptor, ultimately leading to changes in the fate of the receptor-expressing cells. Such trans signaling is known to be critical for the functions of cells in the nervous and immune systems, among others. Historically, trans interactions are the primary conceptual framework for understanding cell-cell communication. However, cells often coexpress many receptors and ligands, and a subset of these has been reported to interact in cis and profoundly impact cell functions. Cis interactions likely constitute a fundamental, understudied regulatory mechanism in cell biology. Here, I discuss how cis interactions between membrane receptors and ligands regulate immune cell functions, and I also highlight outstanding questions in the field.
Gender Differences in Negotiation: Can Interventions Reduce the Gap?
Authors: Recalde María P. , Vesterlund Lise
Published: June 2023

Gender differences in negotiation are seen as contributing to the persistent gender gaps in labor market outcomes. We review the literature on interventions aiming to mute differences in negotiation and assess their effectiveness in reducing the gender pay gap. We present research on initiatives that aspire to increase how often and how women negotiate, as well as institutional changes that ban negotiations, ban requests for employee salary history, and improve wage transparency. Along with reviewing evidence on the effectiveness of these initiatives, we point to unintended consequences that warrant caution at implementation. The review makes clear that initial efforts to push women to negotiate more like men have shifted to alter instead the conditions of the negotiation. This shift results not only from wanting to consider policies that “fix the institutions” rather than “fixing the women,” but also from evidence that these interventions are more successful in securing pay equity.
Characterization of Pad–Wafer Contact Area and Distance in Chemical-Mechanical Polishing
Authors: Schumacher-Härtwig Henrik
Published: June 2023

Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) has been an important process step in microelectronic device manufacturing for more than three decades. Physical CMP modeling utilizes the interactions between the polishing pad and the wafer. This requires data on important physical properties such as the real contact area and the effective pad-to-wafer distance under near-process conditions, as these are directly related to the removal rate, defects, etc. In the present study, a FTIR spectrometer and a custom ATR equipment with micro-structured single reflection elements (mSRE) were used to quantify the volume fraction and contact area of a IC1000 polishing pad in dry and wet state under different static loads. No stable contact over time was observed even at very high pressures of up to 350 kPa. Viscoelastic behavior of air-dried and water-soaked pad was proven on a microscale by using load response, creep-recovery and stress relaxation tests. This leads to a memory effect of the pad that should be taken into account during dynamic loading as the wafer-pad contact has a direct impact on the material removal. The presented method can therefore provide valuable information about dynamic effects of the pad behavior in near-process environment and thus help to improve the CMP modelling.
Smart Building Skin Design with Dynamic Climate Adaptability of Smart Cities Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: June 2023

As the separation and carrier of indoor and outdoor energy and climate conditions, building skin plays an important role in indoor environment regulation and effective utilization of outdoor environmental resources. The traditional fixed skin of residential buildings in cold regions lacks the ability to respond to the external climate, so it is difficult to meet the dual requirements of building energy efficiency and indoor comfort. In the long river of architectural development, the most important thing of architectural design is how to meet the climate adaptability. Traditional architectural forms have long been unable to meet the current social development, climate conditions, and user needs. Based on the basic theory, this paper establishes a systematic understanding of inlay, studies the design method of complex skin with geometric algorithm as the operating tool, discusses the application of this method in architectural design in combination with practice, more systematically and comprehensively studies the building skin with dynamic climate adaptability, and makes a physical model of building skin with dynamic climate adaptability. The contrast experiments under different control modes were carried out using the climate chamber experimental system. This research focuses on taking geometric principles as the prototype, trying to break the common design idea of generating skin by overlapping cells, and providing a systematic skin design method with strong operability and modular structure, hoping to help expand creative thinking.
Interdecadal Variation of Spring Extreme High-Temperature Events in the Western Tianshan Mountains and Its Relationship with the Tropical SST
Authors: Ma Liyun , Chen Ping , Yao Junqiang , Hu Jinggao , Mao Weiyi
Published: June 2023

This study performed an observational analysis to examine the interdecadal variation in the frequency of extreme high-temperature events (EHEs) during spring over the western Tianshan mountain, China, which were characterized by relatively fewer (more) EHEs during 1983–1996 (2000–2015). A composite analysis indicated that the interdecadal increase in EHEs is closely related to a deep dynamic anomalous Iranian high. Under the control of this high system, the water vapor content decreased over the western Tianshan mountains, and atmospheric circulation was dominated by a descending motion. Both were attributed to the decreased cloud cover, inducing a cloud-forced net solar radiation increase. The short-wave radiation flux and sensible heat flux reaching the surface increased, and the net surface heat flux increased cumulatively, which was conducive to the surface temperature increase and EHE occurrence. The anomalous Iranian high responsible for ECEs occurrence was related to the air-sea interaction over the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific. The latitudinal sea surface temperature (SST) difference between the tropical western Pacific and the western Indian Ocean directly strengthens the Walker circulation and thus enhances the Iranian high. In addition, the anomalous Iranian high was affected by the atmospheric wave trains at middle latitude, which was triggered by the warm anomaly of the Atlantic SST.