bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Synthetic Biology Aims At: Review Articles as Sites for Constructing and Narrating an Emerging Field
Authors: Blümel Clemens
Published: April 2020

The analysis of scientific communities and collectives are central to STS and the sociology of science. Reviewing practices, that is, practices of ordering, defining or delineating scientific fields can be understood as an often neglected, yet prevailing textual practice of community building, particularly in novel and emerging research fields, such as synthetic biology. In this article, I aim to explore the structure and content of review articles as a dedicated scholarly genre in synthetic biology, focusing on the period between 2002 and 2012. Based on a theoretical framework combining approaches from genre analysis and the sociology of translation, I explore the different types of review articles one finds in the field, how these review articles deal with or order research in the field, and how they present the field as a whole. I found that modes of legitimation and presentation have changed during the studied period. While in the beginning, review articles referred to the histories of other fields and disciplines, in the more recent years I found a more narrative mode of legitimation whereby synthetic biology is presented as an engineering field with its own history. I argue that such narrations can be understood as a specific way of community building in science.
Increasing Mathematics Achievement of Senior Secondary School Students through Differentiated Instruction
Authors: O. A. Awofala Adeneye , O. Lawani Abisola
Published: April 2020

This study examined the effect of differentiated instruction on senior secondary school students’ achievement in mathematics in Nigeria within the blueprint of the pre-test, post-test non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental research design. The sample comprised 220 students in which three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The experimental group was taught with the differentiated instruction while the control group received instruction with the conventional teaching method for eight weeks. Three valid and reliable instruments, Mathematics Achievement Test (KR-20=0.89), Felder-Soloman Index of Learning Styles (Cronbach α=0.92), and McKenzie Multiple Intelligences Inventory (Cronbach α=0.90), were used for data collection. Results revealed that students in the differentiated instruction group performed significantly better than students in the conventional teaching method group. Also, male students performed slightly better than female students with differentiated instruction, although no significant difference existed between the achievement of male and female students taught mathematics using differentiated instruction. There was no significant main effect of gender on students’ achievement in mathematics. Also, there was no significant interaction effect of treatment and gender on students’ achievement in mathematics. The differentiated instruction made lesson more fascinating, stress-free and created co-operation among students. It was thus, recommended that differentiated instruction be adopted by mathematics teachers in teaching mathematics at the senior secondary school level in Nigeria.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer Dengan Model Tutorial Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Tik
Authors: Lestari Ayu , Suryadi Andri , Ismail Ali
Published: April 2020

Abstact—This study aims to determine the increase in student learning outcomes using computer-based learning media tutorial models. This type of research used in this study is a quasi-experimental study. This quasi-experimental study aims to explain the causal relationship by involving the control group in addition to the experimental group. The population in this study were all students of SMPN 1 Cisurupan. Determination of the sample using a random technique (random), the sample obtained was class VIII-F as a control class with 30 students and VIII-C as an experimental class with 30 students. The research instrument in this study uses multiple choice questions that have been tested for validity, reliability, distinguishing features and difficulty levels. Research Results obtained in this study the comparison of the gain score between the experimental class and the control class is 31.26: 18.67. Meanwhile, the change of Gain transferring the experimental class with the control class is 0.65: 0.35 and the standard deviation of improvement of student learning outcomes about the experimental class Blog material is 9.93 and the control class is 9.60. It can be concluded that the Computer Based learning model with Tutorial Model can significantly improve student learning outcomes in ICT lessons compared to conventional learning models. Keywords —student learning outcomes, Computer Based Learning, Model Tutorials. Abstrak—Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa sesudah menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis komputer model tutorial. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimen. Penelitian kuasi eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan hubungan sebab akibat dengan cara melibatkan kelompok kontrol disamping kelompok eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMPN 1 Cisurupan. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik random (acak), sampel yang diperoleh adalah kelas VIII-F sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah siswa 30 siswa dan VIII-C sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah siswa 30 siswa. instrumen penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen soal dengan bentuk pilihan ganda yang sudah di uji validitas, reliabilitas, daya pembeda dan tingkat kesukaran. Hasil Penelitian yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu perbandingan Gain skor antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol adalah 31,26 : 18,67.  Sedangkan, perbandingan Gain ternormalisasi antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol adalah 0,65 : 0,35 dan standar deviasi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa mengenai materi Blog kelas eksperimen adalah 9,93 dan kelas kontrol adalah 9,60. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer dengan Model Tutorial secara signifikan dapat lebih meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran TIK dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Kata Kunci —hasil belajar siswa, media Pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer, Model Tutoriala
Neofascismo, “nova república” e a ascensão das direitas no Brasil
Authors: Neto Odilon Caldeira
Published: April 2020

Com a recente ascensão das direitas no Brasil, que culminou com a eleição de Jair Bolsonaro, assim como de outros líderes da extrema direita, coloca-se em questão os impactos dessas novas formatações no campo político e partidário brasileiro, assim como quais são os pressupostos e filiações ideológicas. Além de categorias como “novas direitas”, termos como “neofascismo” são utilizados indiscriminadamente para interpretar expressões e grupos dos mais distintos. A fim de colocar esses aspectos em questão, o artigo tem o propósito de apresentar um apanhado das relações entre grupelhos neofascistas e forças político-partidárias no Brasil. Analisando desde a transição democrática até a eleição de Bolsonaro, o artigo coloca em análise as aproximações e disputas existente entre grupelhos neofascistas e agremiações partidárias, a fim de compreender as diversas disputas existentes dentro do campo da extrema direita brasileira ao longo da “nova república”.
Орта мектеп пен колледждерде химияны оқытуда "химия-ағылшын тiлi" пәнаралық интеграциясы туралы
Authors: Кадралиева Н , Машан Т
Published: April 2020

Мақала орта мектеп пен колледждерде химия пәнi мен шет тiлiнiң пәнаралықинтеграциясы мәселелерiне арналған. Авторлар "химия" және "ағылшын тiлi" пәндерiнпәнаралық интеграциялауды жүзеге асырудың дидактикалық шарттарын, формаларыменәдiстерiн қарастырып, осындай сабақтарды үйымдастыру бойынша үсыныстар берiлген.
Зерендi көлiнiң экологиялық жағдайын микробалдырлармен биоиндикациялау
Authors: Өнерхан Г , Жумай Е , Арыстанова Ш
Published: April 2020

Бұл жұмыста «Көкшетау» ұлттық табиғи саябағы аумағында орналасқанЗерендi көлi микробалдырларының түрлiк құрамы зерттелiнiп, көл суына индикатор-сапробтымикробалдырлар көмегiмен экологиялық баға берiлдi. Зерттеулер 2015-2018 жылдарыжүргiзiлдi. Зерендi көлiнiң альгофлорасын зерттеу нәтижесiнде 107 түрдi құрайтынмикробалдырлар анықталды. Зерендi көлiнiң сапробтылық индексiнiң мәнi 2,01-ге теңболуы көл суының β –мезосапробты зонаға жататындығын дәлелдейдi. Зерендi көлiндемикробалдырлардың қарқынды өсуi жаз мезгiлiнде байқалады. Жазда жасыл және көкжасыл балдырлар, ал күз бен көктемде диатомды балдырлар доминанттық көрсететiндiгiанықталды.
Получение экологических нано-удобрений для улучшения роста растений через медленное и устойчивое выделение азота
Authors: Нургалиева Д , Нургазина Г
Published: April 2020

Азот, содержащийся в обычных удобрениях с размерами частиц более100 нм, теряется в почве из-за выщелачивания. Для уменьшения выщелачивания иулучшения эффективности использования азота площадь поверхности удобрения уменьшаютдо наноразмерного. Данная стратегия предполагает медленное высвобождение удобрений.В статье описаны преимущества удобрений с контролируемым высвобождением, методикаприготовления нанокапиталей, наночастицы ГА.
Исследование физико-химических и сорбционных характеристик сорбентов, полученных на основе растительного сырья (рогоза широколистного Typha latifolia)
Authors: Жуматова Ж , Казьяхметова Д
Published: April 2020

В статье рассматривается возможность получения сорбентов на основерастительного сырья, применяемых для ликвидации аварийных розливов нефти инефтепродуктов. В качестве сорбента был использован один из видов высших водныхрастений макрофитов - рогоз широколистный (Typha latifolia). Изучена характеристикамакрофита - рогоза широколистного по основным параметрам (химический составрастения, его устойчивость к нефтяному загрязнению). В лабораторных условияхпроводилось модифицирование сырья путем обработки щелочью, исследовались нефтеёмкость,водопоглощение и плавучесть сорбционных материалов по отношению к легким, средними тяжелым фракциям нефти и нефтепродуктов. По полученным данным определениянефтеёмкости с помощью кинетических кривых была изучена зависимость между количествомпоглощенной нефти сорбентом за определенный промежуток времени.
Поливинилиденфторид как один из источников проводящей добавки для литий-ионных аккумуляторов
Authors: Капарова Б , Иткис Д , Ташенов А , Напольский Ф , Омарова Н , Зеленяк Т
Published: April 2020

Основными компонентами катодного покрытия для литий-ионныхаккумуляторов являются активный материал, проводящая добавка и полимерсвязующеевещество. Полимерсвязующее вещество выполняет роль клеящего вещества, скрепляющегочастицы активного материала и проводящей добавки, а также катодного покрытия иповерхности токового коллектора. Однако в силу химического строения, полимерможет являться и источником углерода, служащего в качестве проводящей добавки.Для преобразования полимера в углерод необходима термическая обработка покрытия.В настоящей работе источником проводящей добавки для положительного электродаслужит широко используемый в литий-ионных аккумуляторах поливинилденфторид,так как он обладает такими прекрасными физическими свойствами, как термическаястабильность и износоустойчивость. В результате отжига покрытия на основе фосфатажелеза лития и поливинилиденфторида при 460 ◦ С образовался матрикс фосфат железалития/углерод/поливинилиденфторид
Ways of soil biologization and their efficiency
Authors: Mendybaev E , Chekalin S , Kaysagalieva G , Ahmedenov K
Published: April 2020

In the current socio-economic conditions generally recognized method of increasingsoil fertility and crop productivity is the transition system of farming to the biological basis forwhat it is necessary to review the existing direction and to justify a new direction in the systemof agriculture based on the principles of using organic fertilizers, green manure, symbiotic nitrogenfixation, long-term grasses widely.Assessing the above-mentioned means of biologization individually the article states that the mainfocus on the question of increasing the fertility of the soil and the plant and equipment in agriculturebiologization is sowing permanent grasses.Using cultivation technology, following the rules perennial grasses are resistant agrophytocenoseswhich are able to withstand drought. Due to the large mass of plant residues and their high degreeof humification, perennial grasses successfully help the problem of increasing the content of organicmatter in the soil.In accordance with the materials, the article shows the dynamics of humus in the soil under theinfluence of various processing methods of soil cultivation and use of perennial grasses.Comparative evaluation of traditional, minimum and zero processing technologies for the formation of grass crops has shown that after four years of every year plowing the value of humus in the0-30 cm soil layer has returned back to the original level of its contents before seeding. Switching toa minimum and zero processing technology, the formation of herbs and their subsequent use undercrops has significantly reduced the fall of humus in agricultural production. More solid build 0-30cm soil layer reduces the total porosity and hence, core aeration. As a result, there will be morefavorable conditions for the preservation and use of crops.
Очистка промышленных фенолсодержащих сточных вод твердыми экстрагентами в зависимости от кислотности среды
Authors: Каирнасова Ж , Нурмуханбетова Н , Казьяхметова Д , Тлеуова З , Сулейменова Д
Published: April 2020

Проблема загрязнения открытых водоемов промышленными стоками остаетсяактуальной на протяжении последних двух столетий. Особую опасность представляютсточные воды нефтеперерабатывающей, химико-фармацевтической и коксохимическойпромышленности. Эти отрасли выбрасывают в открытые водоемы до 4-10 т фенола всутки. Ранее нами были проведены исследования, направленные на изучение закономерностейраспределения фенола в трехкомпонентных расслаивающихся системах, состоящих изфенола, воды и эфиров уксусной кислоты. Проведены исследования по установлениюоптимальных условий при экстракционном извлечении фенола из сточных вод твердымиэкстрагентами (ТВЭКсами) - трибутилфосфат (ТБФ), разнорадикальный фосфиноксид(ФОР), диизооктилметилфосфонат (ДИОМФ).В настоящей работе были исследованы закономерности извлечения фенола изпромышленных сточных вод твердыми экстрагентами в зависимости от кислотностисреды. В статье приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований экстракции фенолаорганическими растворителями в термостатированных условиях. Нами обнаружено, чтонаиболее эффективное извлечение фенола происходит при кислотности среды рН=1-7.
Идентификация и анализ N-арилалкил-N’-ацилмочевин методом ядерного магнитного резонанса
Authors: Бакибаев А , Садвакасова М , Еркасов Р , Атагулова А
Published: April 2020

В работе изучено влияние алкильных и алкиларильных заместителей нахимические сдвиги в спектрах ядерного магнитного резонанса (ЯМР) N-арилалкил-N’-ацилмочевин (10 соединений). Проведен систематический анализ спектров ЯМР 1 H и 13 Cи описаны причины изменения структурных параметров С(1)-С(4) углеродов, CH-углерода иамидного карбонильного атома в арилалкильном и ацильном фрагменте молекул.
Study regarding the quality of undersground water within Natura 2000 Cefa site (ROSCI 0025), Romania
Authors: Herman G , Ilies D , Sonko S , Gaceu O , Ilies A , Josan I , Mester C
Published: April 2020

Having in view the background of water quality problems and the need to conservebiodiversity globally and regionally, this study aims at analyzing the underground water quality ofNatura 2000 Cefa site, Bihor county, Romania. In this respect, the exceedances of the acceptablelimits regarding the quality of groundwater for a series of quality indicators have been analyzed. Theresults obtained will form the basis of other scientific endevoars that will lead to better preservation,protection and valorisation of the biodiversity in the protected areas.
Genomic analysis of sites that present somatic mutations in mice
Authors: Avina-Padilla Katia
Published: April 2020

The recognition that genomes not only contain all the genetic material of a particular organism, but also have their historical information, has increased the range of phylogenetic studies, which provide evolutionary information. The development of complete genome sequencing techniques, in conjunction with the development of bioinformatics has led to a vertiginous growth in the amount of information deposited in the data banks, and in novel tools for analysis. Genomic analyzes allow us to obtain a comprehensive study of the functioning, content, evolution and origin of genomes.  It has been determined that there are dramatic rearrangements in the genomes, thus demonstrating genomic plasticity. It has been concluded that genomic rearrangements can occur as a consequence of events in which sites of small or large regions within the genome can be deleted, moved, exchanged, or inserted. Within these mentioned events are the deletions or deletions that consist in the loss of a DNA fragment of a chromosome, the size includes a range so diverse ranging from a nucleotide to large cytogenetically visible regions. There is a large number of studies that indicate that in various animal groups there are species in which genomic rearrangements occur during development whose functional relevance is still unknown. This project aims to focus on the study of recurrent deletion sites using the mouse as a study model with the main objective of identifying, characterizing and evaluating the presence of these genomic rearrangements in different genomes of mammals using the mouse genome as a study model for determine its possible functional and evolutionary relevance. The results obtained from this proposal will allow us to generate a general overview of the role played by these sequences, their possible correlation with the genome of other mammalian species will allow us to generate phylogenetic reconstructions.
Human Capital and Entrepreneurship: the Jack of All Trades Hypothesis
Authors: Simões Nádia
Published: April 2020

We discuss the seminal contribution proposed by Lazear (2004, 2005) – the jack of all trades hypothesis. The basic idea of this approach is that a balanced set of (managerial) skills promotes entrepreneurship entry. When the skills are unbalanced, the individual will opt to become specialist. 
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI ANGGARAN, ASIMETRI INFORMASI, TEKANAN ANGGARAN DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP SENJANGAN ANGGARAN DI PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Permana Ody Tegar , Herwiyanti Eliada , Mustika I Wayan
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of budgetary participation, information asymmetry, budget pressure, and organizational commitment to budgetary slack. Population in this research is all government institution in Banyumas Regency. The sample selection was conducted by census method. Dependent variable used in this research is budget slack, while the independent variable used in this research is budget participation, information asymmetry, budget pressure, and organizational commitment. The data has been collected through questionnaires, then processed with the help of SPSS software. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis concluded that budgetary participation, information asymmetry, and organizational commitment affect the budget slack while budget pressure has no effect. The results of this study increasingly complement previous studies in the field of management accounting, especially in the scope of budgeting.

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh partisipasi anggaran, asimetri informasi, tekanan anggaran, dan komitmen organisasi terhadap senjangan anggaran. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh instansi pemerintahan di Kabupaten Banyumas. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode sensus. Variabel dependen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah senjangan anggaran, sedangkan variabel independen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah partisipasi anggaran, asimetri informasi, tekanan anggaran, dan komitmen organisasi. Data yang telah dikumpulkan melalui isian kuesioner, selanjutnya diolah dengan bantuan software SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi linear berganda disimpulkan bahwa partisipasi anggaran, asimetri informasi, dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh terhadap senjangan anggaran sedangkan tekanan anggaran tidak berpengaruh. Hasil penelitian ini semakin melengkapi penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya di bidang akuntansi manajemen khususnya di lingkup penganggaran.
EVALUASI KINERJA SAHAM BERTANGGUNGJAWAB SOSIAL (STUDI PADA SAHAM-SAHAM YANG MASUK PERHITUNGAN INDEKS SRI-KEHATI)
Authors: Lakaba Angriana , Robiyanto Robiyanto
Published: April 2020

Severals studies on the performance of stocks, especially those that examine the constituent of social responsibility in the Indonesia Stock Exchange, in general still focus on the performance assessment of the SRI-Kehati Index, have not specifically reviewed the performance of the constituent stocks of the SRI-Kehati Index. Therefore, this study specifically examines constituent stocks of the SRI-Kehati Index. The study period used is 2009 to 2017. The sample in this study are 13 stocks that consistently enter into the calculation of SRI-Kehati Index during the study period. The stock performance assessment will be performed using Sharpe Index, Jensen Alpha, Treynor Ratio, Sortino Ratio, Information Ratio. Overall, the consistent stocks listed in the SRI-Kehati Index may not necessarily indicate good stock performance. From 13 stocks, some have negative results which can be classified as non-performing stock.

Berbagai penelitian terkait kinerja saham-saham bertanggungjawab sosial di Bursa Efek Indonesia secara umum masih berfokus pada penilaian kinerja Indeks SRI-Kehati, namun belum secara khusus mengkaji kinerja saham-saham pembentuk Indeks SRI-Kehati. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini secara khusus mengkaji saham-saham pembentuk Indeks SRI-Kehati. Periode penelitian yang digunakan adalah periode tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2017. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 13 saham yang secara konsisten masuk ke dalam perhitungan Indeks SRI-Kehati selama periode penelitian. Penilaian kinerja saham akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Indeks Sharpe, Jensen Alpha, Rasio Treynor, Rasio Sortino, Information Ratio. Secara keseluruhan, saham-saham yang konsisten terdaftar dalam Indeks SRI-Kehati belum semua menunjukkan kinerja saham yang baik. Dari 13 saham yang diteliti masih ada beberapa saham dengan hasil negatif yang berarti masih mempunyai kinerja saham yang buruk.
Potential Application of Crotalaria longirostrata Branch Extract to Reduce the Severity of Disease Caused by Fusarium
Authors: Cruz-Rodríguez Rosa Isela , Cruz-Salomón Abumalé , Ruiz-Lau Nancy , Pérez-Villatoro José Iván , Esquinca-Avilés Hector Armando , Meza-Gordillo Rocío
Published: April 2020

Fusarium are considered as the major plant pathogen fungi, that cause the majority of soil-borne diseases to more than 100 plant species in the world, including maize. Thus, there are emerging demands of biocontrol reagents, and Crotalaria longirostrata showed fungicidal activity. The C. longirostrata branch extract was phytochemically characterized and evaluated for efficacy for the control of Fusarium wilt in maize. The application of the extract reduced the percentage of disease incidence significantly caused by Fusarium verticillioides from 70.4% to 40.12% as compared to non-treated plants, and evenly the disease severity was reduced from 40.15% to 29.46%. The phytochemical components of the extract were cinnamic acids (caffeic acid and ferulic acid) and phenolic acid (gallic acid). Furthermore, multiple structures were detected through mass spectrometry such as: phenols, alkaloids, esters, terpene, ketones, and amides. The bioautography assay showed that to separate the compounds of C. longirostrata branch extract causes it’s the loss of fungicidal activity. This is due to the synergy or additive interactions of secondary metabolites present in the raw extract. Our results suggest that the application of C. longirostrata branch extract is a promising strategy to be applied to the soil as a preventive treatment.
Harvest Season and Genotype Affect Head Quality and Shelf-Life of Ready-to-Use Broccoli
Authors: Conversa Giulia , Lazzizera Corrado , Bonasia Anna , Elia Antonio
Published: April 2020

Pre-harvest climatic conditions and genotype may have important effects on head quality and post-harvest performance of fresh-cut broccoli. The present work evaluates the effect of the growing cycle (summer–autumn (SA), winter (W), winter–spring (WS), and spring (S)) and genotype on qualitative (dry matter, concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and color) and antioxidative (ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, total phenol concentrations, and antioxidant capacity) traits of broccoli heads and minimally processed florets. The WS raw product showed the best color indices (L* = 38.6, C* = 9.3 and h° = 123.8) as well as the highest chlorophyll (0.23 µg mg−1 fresh weight) but the lowest total phenol concentration (5.5 µg mg−1 dry weight - DW), whereas the ascorbic acid level (2.3 µg mg−1 DW) was comparable to or lower than that the other growing cycles. The WS florets confirmed their best visual quality, even showing an improved total phenol level after 14 days of cold storage. The climatic conditions experienced by broccoli plants grown in SA, W, and S periods were stressful as they resulted in a slight reduction in the visual quality of the heads, though only the SA florets showed a distinctive decay during storage. The lower post-harvest performance of SA grown broccoli was confirmed in all the tested cultivars, despite ‘Naxos’ seeming more tolerant. On the contrary, the greatest content of ascorbic acid (3.2 µg mg−1 DW) in the W heads and of phenols (11.1 µg mg−1 DW) in S heads was maintained during storage, thus preserving floret color.
Red Light Variation an Effective Alternative to Regulate Biomass and Lipid Profiles in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Sharma Nikunj , Fleurent Gabriel , Awwad Fatima , Cheng Michael , Meddeb-Mouelhi Fatma , Budge Suzanne M. , Germain Hugo , Desgagné-Penix Isabel
Published: April 2020

Marine water diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a photosynthetic organism that is known to respond to the changing light environment and adapt to different temperatures to prevent photoinhibition and maintain its metabolic functions. The objective of the present study was to test whether light shift variations in different growth phases impact the growth and lipid metabolism of P. tricornutum. Thus, we investigated R exposure in different growth phases to find the most effective light shift condition. The results showed that substituting white light (W) by red light (R) under autotrophic conditions, a condition called red shift (RS), increased biomass and lipid content compared to levels found under continuous W or R exposure alone. We observed an increase by 2-fold biomass and 2.3-fold lipid content in RS as compared to W. No significant change was observed in the morphology of lipid droplets, but the fatty acid (FA) composition was altered. Specifically, polyunsaturated FAs were increased, whereas monounsaturated FAs decreased in P. tricornutum grown in RS compared to W control. Therefore, we propose that a light shift during the beginning of the stationary phase is a low-cost cultivation strategy to boost the total biomass and lipids in P. tricornutum.
Knowing the Enemy: Inducible Defences in Freshwater Zooplankton
Authors: Diel Patricia , Kiene Marvin , Martin-Creuzburg Dominik , Laforsch Christian
Published: April 2020

Phenotypic plasticity in defensive traits is an appropriate mechanism to cope with the variable hazard of a frequently changing predator spectrum. In the animal kingdom these so-called inducible defences cover the entire taxonomic range from protozoans to vertebrates. The inducible defensive traits range from behaviour, morphology, and life-history adaptations to the activation of specific immune systems in vertebrates. Inducible defences in prey species play important roles in the dynamics and functioning of food webs. Freshwater zooplankton show the most prominent examples of inducible defences triggered by chemical cues, so-called kairomones, released by predatory invertebrates and fish. The objective of this review is to highlight recent progress in research on inducible defences in freshwater zooplankton concerning behaviour, morphology, and life-history, as well as difficulties of studies conducted in a multipredator set up. Furthermore, we outline costs associated with the defences and discuss difficulties as well as the progress made in characterizing defence-inducing cues. Finally, we aim to indicate further possible routes in this field of research and provide a comprehensive table of inducible defences with respect to both prey and predator species.
Entropy-Based GLDS Method for Social Capital Selection of a PPP Project with q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Information
Authors: Liu Li , Wu Jiang , Wei Guiwu , Wei Cun , Wang Jie , Wei Yu
Published: April 2020

The social capital selection of a public–private-partnership (PPP) project could be regarded as a classical multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) issue. In this paper, based on the traditional gained and lost dominance score (GLDS) method, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy entropy-based GLDS method was used to solve MAGDM problems. First, some basic theories related to the q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) are briefly reviewed. Then, to fuse the q-rung orthopair fuzzy information effectively, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher weighting average (q-ROFHWA) operator and q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher weighting geometric (q-ROFHWG) operator based on the Hamacher operation laws are proposed. Moreover, to determine the attribute weights, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy entropy (q-ROFE) is proposed and some significant merits of it are discussed. Next, based on the q-ROFHWA operator, q-ROFE, and the traditional GLDS method, a MAGDM model with q-rung orthopair fuzzy information is built. In the end, a numerical example for social capital selection of PPP projects is provided to testify the proposed method and deliver a comparative analysis.
A Graph-Based Author Name Disambiguation Method and Analysis via Information Theory
Authors: Ma Yingying , Wu Youlong , Lu Chengqiang
Published: April 2020

Name ambiguity, due to the fact that many people share an identical name, often deteriorates the performance of information integration, document retrieval and web search. In academic data analysis, author name ambiguity usually decreases the analysis performance. To solve this problem, an author name disambiguation task is designed to divide documents related to an author name reference into several parts and each part is associated with a real-life person. Existing methods usually use either attributes of documents or relationships between documents and co-authors. However, methods of feature extraction using attributes cause inflexibility of models while solutions based on relationship graph network ignore the information contained in the features. In this paper, we propose a novel name disambiguation model based on representation learning which incorporates attributes and relationships. Experiments on a public real dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our model and experimental results demonstrate that our solution is superior to several state-of-the-art graph-based methods. We also increase the interpretability of our method through information theory and show that the analysis could be helpful for model selection and training progress.
Electromagnetic Loss Analysis of a Linear Motor System Designed for a Free-Piston Engine Generator
Authors: Hu Yunqin , Xu Zhaoping , Yang Lijie , Liu Liang
Published: April 2020

A free-piston engine generator is a new type of power generating device, which has the advantages of high efficiency and simple structure. In this paper, a linear motor system composed of a moving-coil linear motor with axial magnetized magnets and a H-bridge pulse-width modulation (PWM) rectifier is designed for portable free-piston engine generators. Based on the finite-element model of the motor and physical model of the rectifier, the combined electromagnetic model is presented and then validated by the prototype-tested results. The electromagnetic processes of the linear motor system are simulated. The electromagnetic losses during the standard working cycle are analyzed. Under the rated reciprocating frequency of 50 Hz and the rated reciprocating stroke of 36 mm, the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency of 86.3% can be obtained by the linear motor system, which meets the requirement of portable free-piston engine generators.
Flow Shop Providing Frequency Regulation Service in Electricity Market
Authors: Wang Yan , Pei Congxianzi , Li Qiushuo , Li Jingbang , Pan Deng , Gao Ciwei
Published: April 2020

Electricity cost is one of main production costs for flow shops. Providing frequency regulation services can help electric loads reduce their electricity costs. Previous studies mostly focus on automatic generation control (AGC) strategies for other types of electric loads, such as air conditioners, EVs or battery storage. In this paper, we find flow shops competent to follow regulation signals and avoid interrupts of processing with the help of scheduling optimization. This finding may be an aid for flow shops by availing regulation services to the market and making a profit. Hence, we propose an AGC strategy for optimizing flow shop scheduling, without affecting the operation. To formulate the bidding strategy for flow shops in regulation market, we considered as many relevant factors as possible, including the regulation performance and yield of flow shops, constraints on load power, regulation reserve capacity and machines operation, inventory of each semi-finished product, AGC strategy—as well as the coupling between the bids in both energy market and regulation market. Our case study shows the potential of the methodology proposed in this paper to cut down the electric cost of flow shops and supplies of performance-qualified frequency regulation service.
Natural Gas Reservoir Characteristics and Non-Darcy Flow in Low-Permeability Sandstone Reservoir of Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin
Authors: Lin Xiaoying , Zeng Jianhui , Wang Jian , Huang Meixin
Published: April 2020

In order to reveal the gas–water distribution and formation mechanism of the low-permeability sandstone gas reservoir, the gas reservoir distribution and the formation mechanism in a low-permeability sandstone gas reservoir are investigated using data obtained from a physical simulation experiment of gas percolation. The exploration and experimenting for petroleum in the upper Paleozoic gas pool of the Sulige gas field in the Ordos basin in this paper. Results showed that the gas reservoir is characterized by low gas saturation, a complex distribution relationship of gas–water, and weak gas–water gravity differentiation. The characteristics of gas distribution are closely related to permeability, gas flow, and migration force. The capillary pressure difference is the main driving force of gas accumulation. There exists a threshold pressure gradient as gas flows in low-permeability sandstone. The lower that permeability, the greater the threshold pressure gradient. When the driving force cannot overcome the threshold pressure (minimal resistance), the main means of gas migration is diffusion; when the driving force is between minimal and maximal resistance, gas migrates with non-Darcy flow; when the driving force is greater than maximal resistance, gas migrates with Darcy flow. The complex gas migration way leads to complicated gas- water distribution relationship. With the same driving force, gas saturation increases with the improvement of permeability, thus when permeability is greater than 0.15 × 10−3 µ m2, gas saturation could be greater than 50%.
Operation of a Tube GAHE in Northeastern Poland in Spring and Summer—A Comparison of Real-World Data with Mathematically Modeled Data
Authors: Skotnicka-Siepsiak Aldona
Published: April 2020

The article analyzes a ground-to-air heat exchanger (GAHE) for a mechanical ventilation system in a building. The heat exchanger’s performance was evaluated in northeastern Poland between May and August of 2016, 2017, and 2018. In spring and summer, the GAHE can be theoretically used to precool air for HVAC systems. The aim of the study was to compare the real-world performance of GAHE with its theoretical performance determined based on the distribution of ground temperature and the temperature at the GAHE outlet modeled in compliance with Standard PN-EN 16798-5 1:2017-07. The modeled values differed considerably from real-world data in May and June, but the model demonstrated satisfactory data fit in July and August. In all years, the modeled average monthly air temperature at the GAHE outlet was 8.3 °C below real-world values in May, but the above difference was only 1.1 °C in August. The developed mathematical model is simple and easy to use, and it can be deployed already in the preliminary design stage. It does not require expensive software or expert skills. However, this study revealed that the model has several limitations. The observed discrepancies should be taken into account when modeling the performance of a GAHE.
Comparison of SOC Estimation between the Integer-Order Model and Fractional-Order Model Under Different Operating Conditions
Authors: Jin Guoqing , Li Lan , Xu Yidan , Hu Minghui , Fu Chunyun , Qin Datong
Published: April 2020

Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) is an important criterion to prevent the batteries from being over-charged or over-discharged, and this assures an electric vehicle’s safety and reliability. To investigate the effect of different operating conditions on the SOC estimation results, a dual-polarization model (DPM) and a fractional-order model (FOM) are established in this study, taking into account the prediction accuracy and structural complexity of a battery model. Based on these two battery equivalent circuit models (ECMs), a hybrid Kalman filter (HKF) algorithm is adopted to estimate the SOC of the battery; the algorithm comprehensively utilizes the ampere-hour (Ah) integration method, the Kalman filter (KF) algorithm, and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm. The SOC estimation results of the DPM and FOM, under the dynamic stress test (DST), federal urban driving schedule (FUDS), and hybrid pulse power characteristic (HPPC) cycle conditions, are compared and analyzed through six sets of experiments. Simulation results show that the SOC estimation accuracy of both the models is high and that the errors are within the range of ±0.06. Under any operating conditions, the SOC estimation error, based on the FOM, is always lower than the SOC estimation error of the DPM, but the adaptability of the FOM is not as high as that of the DPM.
Reconstruction of Multidecadal Country-Aggregated Hydro Power Generation in Europe Based on a Random Forest Model
Authors: Ho Linh T. T. , Dubus Laurent , De Felice Matteo , Troccoli Alberto
Published: April 2020

Hydro power can provide a source of dispatchable low-carbon electricity and a storage solution in a climate-dependent energy mix with high shares of wind and solar production. Therefore, understanding the effect climate has on hydro power generation is critical to ensure a stable energy supply, particularly at a continental scale. Here, we introduce a framework using climate data to model hydro power generation at the country level based on a machine learning method, the random forest model, to produce a publicly accessible hydro power dataset from 1979 to present for twelve European countries. In addition to producing a consistent European hydro power generation dataset covering the past 40 years, the specific novelty of this approach is to focus on the lagged effect of climate variability on hydro power. Specifically, multiple lagged values of temperature and precipitation are used. Overall, the model shows promising results, with the correlation values ranging between 0.85 and 0.98 for run-of-river and between 0.73 and 0.90 for reservoir-based generation. Compared to the more standard optimal lag approach the normalised mean absolute error reduces by an average of 10.23% and 5.99%, respectively. The model was also implemented over six Italian bidding zones to also test its skill at the sub-country scale. The model performance is only slightly degraded at the bidding zone level, but this also depends on the actual installed capacity, with higher capacities displaying higher performance. The framework and results presented could provide a useful reference for applications such as pan-European (continental) hydro power planning and for system adequacy and extreme events assessments.
Pine Stands as Bioindicators: Justification for Air Toxicity Monitoring in an Industrial Metropolis
Authors: Polyakova Galina , Pashenova Natalia , Senashova Vera , Podolyak Natalia , Kudryasheva Nadezhda
Published: April 2020

Five permanent sample plots (SPs; 200–250 trees per plot) were established in middle-aged high-grade suburban pine stands near the industrial city of Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, Russia. Needle damage, inventory parameters of the stands, and the defense response of the stem phloem were evaluated annually for the years 2002–2019 and attributed to acute or chronic toxic exposures (creeping fire or industrial pollutants, respectively). The results form a basis for using trees as bioindicators. A newly elaborated stem lesion test was formed from a hypothesis on the upward sugar transport for the regeneration of an injured crown, based on Eschrich’s model of bidirectional sugar transport in the phloem. The formation of a phloem lesion was induced by inoculation of the stem with a mycelial extract of the ophiostomatoid fungus Ceratocystis laricicola. The lesion length and its shift relative to the inoculation hole were measured. An increase in the length of needles at early stages of stand weakening by pollutants was found to correspond to the hormesis model (Selye’s adaptation syndrome). A possibility of assessing the chronology of pollutant toxicity and the duration of the recovery period after creeping fire was shown.
A Critical Appraisal of Global Testing Protocols for Zoonotic Parasites in Imported Seafood Applied to Seafood Safety in Australia
Authors: Williams Michelle , Hernandez-Jover Marta , Shamsi Shokoofeh
Published: April 2020

It is not suggested that any country is intentionally exporting seafood which does not comply with Codex seafood-safety guidelines/codes/standards. However, with an open access resource such as fisheries, there is vast potential for errors to occur along convoluted supply chains, spanning multiple countries, which may negatively impact the safety of edible seafood products imported into Australia. Australian importation policy and inspection procedures are founded upon a bedrock of trust in the integrity, reliability and safety of the global seafood supply chain. In order for seafood imported to Australia to be considered safe the non-mandatory international health standards, governed by Codex Alimentarius, for seafood must be predicated upon the most efficacious methods and stringently governed by each exporting provenance. Currently, tests for zoonotic parasites are not applied to imported edible seafood products on arrival into Australia. Therefore, this critical analysis is aimed at discussing the effectiveness of current testing protocols for zoonotic parasites in edible seafood advised by Codex Alimentarius which may impact the safety of the product imported into Australia.
Accuracy of Ground Surface Interpolation from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) Data in Dense Forest Cover
Authors: Cățeanu Mihnea , Ciubotaru Arcadie
Published: April 2020

A digital model of the ground surface has many potential applications in forestry. Nowadays, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is one of the main sources for collecting morphological data. Point clouds obtained via laser scanning are used for modelling the ground surface by interpolation, a process which is affected by various errors. Using LiDAR data to collect ground surface data for forestry applications is a challenging scenario because the presence of forest vegetation will hinder the ability of laser pulses to reach the ground. The density of ground observations will be therefore reduced and not homogenous (as it is affected by the variations in canopy density). Furthermore, forest areas are generally present in mountainous areas, in which case the interpolation of the ground surface is more challenging. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of interpolation accuracy for nine algorithms, which are used for generating Digital Terrain Models from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data, in mountainous terrain covered by dense forest vegetation. For most of the algorithms we find a similar performance in terms of general accuracy, with RMSE values between 0.11 and 0.28 m (when model resolution is set to 0.5 m). Five of the algorithms (Natural Neighbour, Delauney Triangulation, Multilevel B-Spline, Thin-Plate Spline and Thin-Plate Spline by TIN) have vertical errors of less than 0.20 m for over 90 percent of validation points. Meanwhile, for most algorithms, major vertical errors (of over 1 m) are associated with less than 0.05 percent of validation points. Digital Terrain Model (DTM) resolution, ground slope and point cloud density influence the quality of the ground surface model, while for canopy density we find a less significant link with the quality of the interpolated DTMs.
Effectiveness of Sentinel-2 in Multi-Temporal Post-Fire Monitoring When Compared with UAV Imagery
Authors: Pádua Luís , Guimarães Nathalie , Adão Telmo , Sousa António , Peres Emanuel , Sousa Joaquim J.
Published: April 2020

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become popular in recent years and are now used in a wide variety of applications. This is the logical result of certain technological developments that occurred over the last two decades, allowing UAVs to be equipped with different types of sensors that can provide high-resolution data at relatively low prices. However, despite the success and extraordinary results achieved by the use of UAVs, traditional remote sensing platforms such as satellites continue to develop as well. Nowadays, satellites use sophisticated sensors providing data with increasingly improving spatial, temporal and radiometric resolutions. This is the case for the Sentinel-2 observation mission from the Copernicus Programme, which systematically acquires optical imagery at high spatial resolutions, with a revisiting period of five days. It therefore makes sense to think that, in some applications, satellite data may be used instead of UAV data, with all the associated benefits (extended coverage without the need to visit the area). In this study, Sentinel-2 time series data performances were evaluated in comparison with high-resolution UAV-based data, in an area affected by a fire, in 2017. Given the 10-m resolution of Sentinel-2 images, different spatial resolutions of the UAV-based data (0.25, 5 and 10 m) were used and compared to determine their similarities. The achieved results demonstrate the effectiveness of satellite data for post-fire monitoring, even at a local scale, as more cost-effective than UAV data. The Sentinel-2 results present a similar behavior to the UAV-based data for assessing burned areas.