bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metaphorical Terminology in Ancient Texts of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Problems of Understanding and Translation
Authors: Sun Qiuhua , Karabulatova Irina , Zou Jinna , Kuo Chen
Published: January 2025

The author's hypothesis proceeds from the position that the ancient treatises of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) describe metaphorically an ethnocultural understanding of neuro-linguistic and psychophysiological processes in the human body from the perspective of communication between large and small. TCM terms are medical concepts that also contain deep philosophical and linguistic-cultural content plans, due to the Wenyan-style in which TCM treatises are written. The purpose of the work is to identify the patterns of the language of these ancient texts in the context of the interpretation presented in them through the hierarchy of 'state and subjects'. The use of methodological holism made it possible to develop a new approach to the texts of traditional Chinese medicine from the standpoint of communication studies and neuropsycholinguistics. The mythologized interpretation of the concepts in the ancient treatises of TCM is associated with the signification of any health problem in the form of an expanded metaphor characterizing the problem as a violation of 'communication' in the body-'state' between 'vassals', 'individual social groups' and their 'leaders'. This positioning of the body's work through the prism of social relations provides an understanding of the interpretation of relationships in ancient Chinese society as a whole.
The Pseudo-Slavic Realia in Pseudo-Ethnic Fantasy: The Issues of Translation into the Russian Language
Authors: Rabkina Nadezhda
Published: January 2025

To date, the traditional fantasy genre that has its roots in European folklore is transforming as authors seek new, fresh mythological foundations and exotic forms of narration. In an attempt to conquer foreign markets, some of them deploy Slavic mythology and embed words of Slavic origin to create their magical worlds. However, the resulting product is often a Pan-Slavic fantasy universe that refers to no specific culture. In this research, 'pseudo-ethnics' denotes an exotic atmosphere created by words associated with a broad linguacultural cluster. The object of the study was the vocabulary used to denote pseudo-Slavic realities in the novel Shadow and Bone by Leigh Bardugo and its film adaptation, as well as the translation techniques employed by the Russian translators. Leigh Bardugo used pseudo-Russian anthroponyms, toponyms and words that denote everyday objects and magical creatures. They represent Latinized Russian borrowings and seemingly authentic neologisms that deploy some morphological and phonetic language features an English-speaking reader might associate with the Slavic culture. However, when translated for an audience with a Slavic ethnic background, the pseudo-ethnic fantasy book or film loses its exotic flavor. The translation techniques for Latinized Russian words conveying the pseudo-ethnic atmosphere are de-transliteration and de-transcription. As part of the translation, translators had to adhere to the grammar rules of the Russian language and eliminate grammatical errors in parts of speech or gender.
Retranslation of Cultural Code in Russian-Portuguese Literary Translation: Translation Experiment
Authors: Danilova Vasilisa
Published: January 2025

The article questions adequacy of retranslation the cultural code in literary text when translated from Russian to Portuguese. The aim of the study is to develop the concept of translation experiment, which allows of identifying adequate ways of relaying realia in the Russian-Portuguese literary translation. The research material consists of translations into Portuguese of A.S. Pushkin's novel Eugene Onegin carried out by D. Alves, N. and F. Guerra. Some inaccurate translation decisions made whilst transferring realia into Portuguese were identified: choosing incorrect translation equivalents, using loan translation, transcription and transliteration of Russian realia without any remarks. The study revealed that implementation of these incorrect translation solutions results in neutralization of national cultural flavour, omission of denotative and/or connotative meaning, provoking ambiguity in culturally-marked units comprehension. The concept of the translation experiment with native Portuguese speakers was proposed to determine adequate ways of translating such groups of realia as domestic, ethnographic, natural, onomastic and phraseological. The results of the experiment revealed that adequacy in the translation of all thematic groups of realia, except for phraseological units, is observed in correlation and calquing. The correlation allows and calquing, which allow the translator to preserve the national and cultural flavour of realia, convey their meanings and recreate the original communicative effect in the translation text. As for phraseological units, the adequate method of translation is the phraseological equivalent, which also ensures the transfer of semantics and national-and-cultural specifics of the analyzed units in Portuguese translations.
The Verbs Imati (to Have) and Brati (to Take): Distribution and Competition in the History of Russian
Authors: Penkova Yana
Published: January 2025

The paper examines the semantic evolution of the verbs imati and brati in the 11th – 17th century Russian writing. The research is based on the data from Old and Middle Russian subcorpora of the Russian National Corpus. It is argued that the verb imati gradually lost its iterative semantics and its correlation with the verb yati and claimed the role of an aspectual pair of the verb vzyati. The verb vzimati did not compete for performing the function of an aspectual pair of the verb vzyati, since it occurred very rarely writings and belonged to the high code of written records. In the 15th – 17th centuries, the verb brati was gradually expanding its semantics, compatibility and, as a consequence, increased in frequency and acquired the properties of the verb imati by the 17th century. In the Old Ukrainian language, the verb brati occupied the niche of the verb of contact imati already in the 14th – 15th centuries. In Middle Russian, the original paradigm of imati (emlyu) was preserved, which prevented the attraction between imati and imeti and delayed the semantic convergence of imati and brati, supported by the influence of Southwestern Rus in the 16th – 17th centuries. The marginalization of the verbs imati and yati and the final formation of the aspectual pair brati – vzyati occurred in the history of the Russian language no earlier than the 18th century.
Geometric Terminology in the Russian Language of the Early 17th Century (Exemplified by “Charter of Martial, Cannon and Other Matters Related to Military Science”)
Authors: Rudnev Dmitry , Sharikhina Milyausha
Published: January 2025

The article examines linguistic means of representing geometric terminology in the Russian translated written records of the early 17th century “Charter of Martial, Cannon and Other Matters Related to Military Science”. The text of the military treatise Kriegsbuch (1573) by L. Fronsperger served as a source for the Russian text. The undertaken contrastive analysis of German and Russian texts resulted in the conclusion that Russian translators, when rendering German terms into Russian, mainly followed the strategy of domestication with the focus on the system of nominations that existed in the Russian language of that time. If there were correlated concepts in Russian, relatively stable ways of conveying them were used: Punct – stat’ya (article), Linie – cherta, chertezh (line), Winckel – ugol (angle), Tryangel – tregranets (triangle), etc. In the absence of equivalents, the translator could transliterate a foreign word and simultaneously use the words of the native language that are close in meaning: Diameter is expressed as diamet(e)r, razmer, mera. If the translator failed to give the appropriate Russian analogue or explanation, a word could have been omitted or rendered based on the information in the drawing (Centro, Hipotenusa, Cathetus, etc.). The lack of developed and generally accepted geometric terminology and models of scientific narration missing in the Russian language of the early 17th century hindered the translator’s striving for increased readability of the text.
Analyzing the relationship between corruption and socio-economic development in Kazakhstan’s regions
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Panzabekova Aksana Zh. , Fazylzhan Damir ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Imangali Zhansaya G. ,   Institute of Economics of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Corruption remains a persistent issue in many countries, including Kazakhstan. By exploring the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of specific regions and corruption, this research can provide a foundation for informed policy-making and targeted anti-corruption efforts and thus help mitigate its negative impact on regional development.
Research Objective. The research aims to assess the impact of corruption on regional socio-economic development in Kazakhstan through the creation and application of a multifactor corruption index.
Data and Methods. The study uses official statistical data on corruption offenses and regional socio-economic indicators, including industrial production, fixed asset investments, household expenditures, unemployment rates, and foreign trade volumes. A multifactor index methodology was employed, using Pearson correlation coefficients to calculate averaged absolute values of sub-indices for each indicator.
Results. The study found strong correlations between corruption and socio-economic indicators in regions like East Kazakhstan, Abay, Akmola, and Kostanay. The economic structure of these regions plays a key role: East Kazakhstan and Akmola, with dominant mining industries, are more vulnerable to corruption due to public contracts and licensing. Kostanay's agricultural sector, central to its economy, is prone to corruption in land allocation, subsidies, and procurement. The economic importance of these sectors amplifies the impact of corruption on development, strengthening the correlation. Conversely, regions with lower index values show weaker correlations in the analysis, likely due to economic diversity, incomplete data, or less effective governance mechanisms.

Conclusions. The regional specificity of the interrelation between corruption and socio-economic development in Kazakhstan necessitates tailored approaches that consider the unique conditions of each region. These findings can be of interest to policymakers and other stakeholders. The proposed methodology allows for a more precise assessment of both hidden and visible corruption risks, highlighting critical areas for implementing effective anti-corruption measures.
XX century: the history of medicine in quest of itself
Authors: Berger E. Е.
Published: January 2025

The history of medicine as a separate discipline was created by doctors. In the 19th century, scientific medicine broke away from its past, and Hippocrates, Avicenna, Harvey became history, rather than foundation. The history of medicine continued to be a necessary part of medical education, helping young doctors to identify themselves in the profession, showing whom they can and should look up to in it. In the 20th century, doctors were no strangers to the humanities, but also showed excellent examples of work in the field.

At the same time, in the 20th century, the prevailing opinion was that objective, systematic historical analysis of medicine history was brought by professional historians. However, those who contrast "amateur" medical historians with "professional" historians who create methodologically complex studies greatly simplify the problem. The most interesting works appear at the intersection of different disciplines.

The most interesting studies of recent years have been carried out by a team of authors of different specialties. They are the ones who can bring our science to a new stage of development.
Problems associated with psychological barriers in general professional training of future doctors
Authors: Zhakupova Ya. T. , Shumakova O. A. , Chulkov V. S. , Serebryakova E. N. , Shumakov V. A.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To identify psychological barriers in general professional training of doctors, expressed in mental state changes and its relationship with mastery of the disciplines of general professional training.

Material and methods. A total of 189 student volunteers from the South Ural State Medical University aged 18 to 22 years (men 58; women, 131) participated in the study. The experimental groups (EG) consisted of the first (EG-1), third (EG-2), and sixth (EG-3) year pediatric students. To study the mental state of students, the following psychodiagnostic methods were used: the Beck Depression Inventory, the SpielbergerHanin anxiety test, Heck and Hess rapid neurosis diagnosis. The determination of individual characterological features was carried out using the character accentuation method by G. Schmishek. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation analysis (Spearman rank correlation coefficient).

Results. During the study at a medical university, students experience changes in their individual and personal mental characteristics, which are qualitatively transformed into psychological barriers to general professional training and mastery of general professional competencies. The most "dangerous" indicator, influencing both personal well-being (mental health) and the success of general professional training of future doctors, is the predisposition of students to neurotic disorders. It increases towards the end of study at the university, which is associated with the increasing level of difficulty of the educational material, the crisis of self-identification, and problems in forming a professional orientation of a personality, and personally significant issues in employment and admission to residency.

Conclusion. There are following means of psychoprophylaxis of stress and neurotic disorders in students of medical universities: early diagnostics of neurotic disorders, psychological training on human mental health, destructive pathologies; motivation aimed at overcoming neurotic forms of response, in conditions of cooperation and mutual understanding between teachers and students; formation of mental selfregulation skills, development of a sense of humor through educational work.
Fantastic plants and where to find them: niche occupancy analysis in neotropical epiphytic species
Authors: Lima Keven dos Santos , Lima Lucas Vieira , Almeida Thaís Elias
Published: January 2025

Aim: Niche occupation and organism diversification are interrelated processes that shape biodiversity. This study investigates the relationship between niche occupation, phylogenetic relationships, and species distribution within the genus Microgramma (Polypodiaceae), a group of neotropical epiphytic ferns.
Location: Neotropic.
Taxon: Genus Microgramma (Polypodiaceae, ferns).
Methods: We analyzed eight species from the Scaly clade, exploring patterns of co-occurrence and allopatry in relation to their environmental characteristics through species distribution modeling and predicted niche occupation profiles. Niche overlap was assessed based on the degree of environmental similarity and spatial co-occurrence.
Results: Niche occupation varied significantly among phylogenetically close species, while niche overlap was greater among phylogenetically distant species. Broadly distributed species tended to co-occur, suggesting niche divergence that facilitates coexistence by occupying distinct niches within the same region. In contrast, allopatric species exhibited differentiation in their environmental niche occupation for specific variables. Despite being geographically separated, allopatric species demonstrated greater environmental similarity with each other than with broadly distributed species, indicating niche convergence.
Main Conclusions: Environmental factors play a key role in shaping niche occupation strategies in Microgramma. Broadly distributed species show patterns of niche divergence to enable coexistence, while allopatric species exhibit niche convergence despite their geographical separation. These findings provide insights into co-occurrence dynamics and diversification in neotropical epiphytic ferns.
POLÍTICAS E PRÁTICAS DA EDUCAÇÃO EM INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NA CHINA
Authors: Da Silva Duque-Pereira Ives , Arruda de Moura Sergio
Published: January 2025

Este artigo analisa as políticas e práticas de educação em inteligência artificial (IA) na China, com objetivo de compreender como o sistema educacional chinês está implementando a IA na educação. O estudo destaca a posição de destaque da China como uma liderança global em IA evidenciando seu compromisso em consolidar avanços tecnológicos e ampliar sua influência. A pesquisa se baseia em uma revisão bibliográfica de documentos oficiais online, artigos acadêmicos e relatórios de organizações internacionais, como a OCDE. Procuramos conhecer a estrutura descentralizada do sistema educacional chinês, caracterizada por uma coordenação central aliada à autonomia local, enfatizando o ecossistema de colaboração entre escolas, universidades e indústrias. As reformas recentes incluem a introdução de competências centrais no currículo, promovendo habilidades técnicas e socioemocionais alinhadas às demandas do século XXI. Os resultados indicam que a China está investindo significativamente na educação em IA em todos os níveis, desde o ensino fundamental até o superior, com o objetivo de formar talentos inovadores e promover a equidade no acesso à educação de qualidade. No entanto, o estudo também aponta desafios como a necessidade de equilibrar a ênfase em avaliações somativas com o desenvolvimento de habilidades colaborativas e pensamento crítico na resolução de problemas, além de garantir a inclusão de estudantes de áreas rurais e grupos desfavorecidos. As "Zonas de Demonstração de Educação Inteligente", a "Plataforma de Educação Inteligente da China", as diretrizes para Educação em IA nas escolas da Educação Básica, as estratégias de capacitação para a IA no Ensino Superior e o “Guia de Aplicação da Inteligência Artificial na Área de Educação de Pequim” são destacados como exemplos de iniciativas que buscam integrar a IA ao sistema educacional de forma abrangente.
Natural weathering effects on white, green, and black HDPE textured GMs
Authors: Aparicio-Ardila M. A. , Kobelnik M. , Valentin C. A. , Palomino C. F. , Sabogal-Paz L. P. , Lins Silva J.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the degradation of textured High-Density Polyethene (HDPE) geomembranes (GMs) subjected to natural weathering for 8.5 to 10.5 years. The GMs, denoted as GM-W/B (white and black), GM-G (green) and GM-B (black), had a nominal thickness of 1.00 mm and were manufactured using a flat die process with texture on both surfaces. Standard Oxidation Induction Time (Std-OIT) tests and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG/DTG) were performed to assess the antioxidant depletion and thermal decomposition. Additionally, degradation due to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and environmental agents was assessed through retained physical and mechanical properties, including the Melt Flow Index (MFI) measured under various loading conditions. Antioxidant depletion and TG/DTG analyses indicated that environmental exposure compromised the thermal stability of these GMs. Among the tested GMs, GM-W/B exhibited the greatest reduction in both Std-OIT and MFI, followed by GM-G and GM-B, suggesting a direct correlation between these properties. While GM-B appeared to be still in the antioxidant depletion stage (Stage I), GM-W/B and GM-G showed signs of degradation beyond Stage I. This study provides insights into the degradation of textured HDPE GMs in the face of weathering exposure effects and the durability of colored HDPE GMs.
Outcrop-to-Subsurface Stratigraphic Correlations of the Upper Desmoinesian and Lower Missourian Stages (Pennsylvanian) in Eastern Kansas
Authors: Oborny Stephan C. , Hasiuk Franek , Layzell Anthony , Smith Jon
Published: January 2025

Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) strata in eastern Kansas have been investigated for more than 120 years. We have determined, however, that discrepancies arising from emphases on either outcrop observations or subsurface data, as well as the loss of some key outcrops since their first descriptions, created major problems in prior stratigraphic interpretations. One particularly problematic stratigraphic interval contains the boundaries between units in the Marmaton (Desmoinesian) and Pleasanton (Missourian) groups, which encompasses the global Moscovian-Kasimovian stage boundary. We use 246 petrophysical well logs, especially gamma ray and neutron logs, to provide greater stratigraphic control among 22 previously described type outcrops, neostratotypes, and principal reference localities. Nine new stratigraphic cross sections resulting from our analysis of these data permit innovative interpretations of ancient facies belts as well as a reassessment of the geometry and structural history of the Cherokee–Forest City Basin. We make three recommendations regarding group boundaries on the basis of our analysis: 1) The boundary between the Cherokee and Marmaton groups should be placed at the base of the Excello Shale, thereby including the unit within the Marmaton Group. An unnamed limestone underlying the Excello Shale and observed in some areas should ideally be included within the Marmaton, but this unit will require further study. 2) The boundary between the Marmaton and Pleasanton groups should be placed at the base of the Nuyaka Creek Shale Member, as opposed to the standing placement at the base of the Hepler Sandstone. 3) The boundary between the Pleasanton and Kansas City groups should be maintained at the base of the Critzer Limestone Member of the Hertha Limestone. Additionally, we advocate the following changes to stratigraphic nomenclature in Kansas: 1) the Fort Scott Limestone should be revised to include the Excello Shale; 2) members of the Lenapah Limestone (the Idenbro Limestone Member, Perry Farm Shale Member, and Norfleet Limestone Member) should be abandoned because of prior miscorrelations; 3) the stratigraphic interval between the Lenapah Limestone and the Nuyaka Creek Shale Member correlates to either the Holdenville Shale or Memorial Shale—therefore, we leave this interval unnamed; and 4) with our proposal to place the lower boundary of the Pleasanton Group at the base of the Nuyaka Creek Shale Member, the lower boundary of the Lost Branch Formation should likewise be moved to that same level. The stratigraphic contexts of the Seminole, Tacket, and Shale Hill formations remain to be clarified by future work.
NEIL3 and TOP2A as key drivers of esophageal cancer through WNT signaling
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Panpan , Chen Huijuan , Shao Yanyan , Luo Hui
Published: January 2025

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Nei like DNA glycosylase 3 (NEIL3) and DNA topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) have been identified as potential therapeutic targets, though their roles in EC remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of NEIL3 overexpression and TOP2A knockdown, focusing on the WNT signaling pathway. ECA109 esophageal cancer cells were used to assess the impact of NEIL3 overexpression and TOP2A knockdown on proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The involvement of the WNT signaling pathway was also explored. NEIL3 overexpression significantly enhanced proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion while reducing apoptosis. In contrast, TOP2A knockdown suppressed these functions and promoted apoptosis, independent of NEIL3. NEIL3 overexpression could not reverse the effects of TOP2A knockdown. Both NEIL3 and TOP2A acted through the WNT signaling pathway. In vivo, NEIL3 knockdown reduced tumor size and weight via WNT pathway modulation. NEIL3 and TOP2A play key roles in EC progression through the WNT signaling pathway. Targeting these molecules may offer promising therapeutic strategies for EC.
Fiber Diameter Measurement and Mechanical Testing v1
Authors: Wasserman Oran , J. Morley Jackson , F. Williams Mary-Kate , E. Bell Brianne , L Cox-Foster Diana , A. Jones Justin
Published: January 2025

This protocol details the measurement and mechanical testing of Osmia lignaria silk fibers.
C-cards preparations v1
Authors: Wasserman Oran , J. Morley Jackson , F. Williams Mary-Kate , E. Bell Brianne , L Cox-Foster Diana , A. Jones Justin
Published: January 2025

This protocol details the preparation of C-cards.
El rol de las emociones en la construcción de la identidad de los docentes de inglés en formación
Authors:   Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Posada-Ortiz Julia , Garzón Duarte Eliana ,   Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
Published: January 2025

El estudio de las emociones experimentadas por los practicantes de las licenciaturas en lenguas extranjeras y su influencia en la formación de su identidad ha cobrado vigencia en los últimos diez años. El presente estudio analiza el rol de las emociones de los practicantes y el impacto que estas tienen en la construcción de su identidad como docentes de inglés. Para esto, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo cualitativo, con base en narrativas co-construidas por 20 practicantes de un programa de Licenciatura en Lenguas Extranjeras con Énfasis en Inglés, de una universidad de Bogotá, Colombia. A partir del análisis temático de las narrativas, se observó que la práctica docente es asumida por los practicantes como un espacio terapéutico para sanar emociones de experiencias pasadas, que las emociones activan la reflexión crítica de los practicantes para tomar decisiones y agenciar cambios en sí mismos y en las situaciones experimentadas en la práctica, y que se requiere formación en inteligencia emocional en los programas de licenciatura para encontrar estrategias de autorregulación de las emociones.
Coconut Shell as an Alternative Fuel for Hydrotalcite Catalyst Synthesis via the Combustion Method for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Mohmed Moffit Mohamed Afiq ,   UniKL Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka, Suja’ Fatihah ,   Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Ahmad Irfana Kabir ,   Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor, Anuar Mohd Razealy ,   UniKL Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, 78000 Alor Gajah Melaka
Published: January 2025

Using saccharose (sugar) as fuel to synthesise hydrotalcite via the combustion method to produce biodiesel could potentially have social and economic benefits in the field of renewable energy. However, it could spark a debate on food vs fuel since a higher demand for saccharose in the energy sector while ensuring adequate supply for the food sector could increase the price of saccharose. Therefore, this study proposes utilising a new alternative material from agricultural waste, coconut shell, to synthesise the hydrotalcite catalyst and use it to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil. This study found that the hydrotalcite synthesised using coconut shell as fuel and calcined at 650 ℃ (HT-CS 650) yielded 93.25% biodiesel compared to the 74.14% biodiesel yield when synthesising hydrotalcite using saccharose. The XRD showed that the synthesised hydrotalcite retained its layered double hydroxide structure up to 650 °C calcination temperature. The BET analysis showed that the HT-CS 650 has the highest surface area of 115.558 m2/g compared to the 28.326 m2/g surface area of the reference hydrotalcite (HT-SS 650). The HT-CS 650 can be reused for up to three cycles with a minimum biodiesel yield reduction of 9.09%. This study has demonstrated that agricultural waste is a more suitable fuel for synthesising hydrotalcite in the combustion method and using it to improve the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production.
Deep Learning Approaches for DDoS Attack Detection in Communication Networks and IoT: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Communication System Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq, Abdulrahman Nabeel Fouad , Jit Singh Mandeep Singh ,   Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi
Published: January 2025

The increasing adoption of transformative technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), has brought convenience and optimization to various domains. However, it has also introduced new challenges, including the vulnerability to Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS attacks have shown an alarming rise in frequency and potency, making it crucial to devise efficient mechanisms to prevent such attacks and safeguard communication networks. IoT networks, with their numerous interconnected devices and limited resources, are particularly susceptible to DDoS attacks. Traditional rule-based approaches have proven insufficient to cope with the dynamic nature of modern attacks, leading to the emergence of deep learning-based detection and mitigation techniques. Deep learning models, supported by real-world datasets, off er promising results with detection rates exceeding 98%. This study explores various deep learning architectures, focusing on their success in DDoS attack detection, particularly in IoT networks. It also addresses the challenges associated with such networks and highlights potential areas for future research.
The Effects of CTBN on Mechanical and Viscoelastic Viscosity Properties of Epoxy-Silica Nanocomposites
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Raja Othman Raja Nor Izawati , Mohd Sakeri Nor Hasyidah ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

Epoxy resin demonstrates remarkable adhesion, mechanical properties, and heat resistance, however, its inherent brittleness warrants attention. Therefore, hybrid composite was prepared using epoxy resin as the polymer matrix, with carboxyl- terminated butadiene nitrile liquid rubber (CTBN), and nanosilica as the reinforcement materials to increase the mechanical properties. The loading for CTBN and nanosilica are set to (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.% and 20 wt.%); and (1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.% and 4 wt %.); respectively. The epoxy composites are toughened by adding various loadings of CTBN. Then, fracture toughness and viscoelastic viscosity properties of the composites are measured. At 15 wt.% of CTBN loading, nanosilica are added at different loadings to examine the improvement of composites. Then, fracture toughness (KIC), the glass transition temperature (Tg), loss modulus (E”) and storagemodulus (E’) were all measured. Incorporating CTBN into epoxy matrix improves fracture toughness up to 79.4%, with optimum loading of 15 wt.%. Nanosilica content also significantly impacts fracture toughness, with a maximum enhancement of 107.7% at 3 wt.% loading. The glass transition temperature increases with CTBN content, reaching 17.01% improvement at 15 wt.% loading and 18.32% improvement at 20 wt.% loading. Nanosilica is also found to increase glass transition temperature, reaching 74.49°C, at 3 wt.% loading and 83.33°C, at 4 wt.%. The loss modulus increases as CTBN and nanosilica loading increases. At a loading of 20 wt.% CTBN, it reaches a maximum value of up to 164.7%. Adding further 4 wt.% nanosilica to 20 wt.% CTBN, resulted in an increase in loss modulus up to 1600%. The storage modulus also increases as CTBN and nanosilica loading increases to 20 wt.% and 4wt.%, respectively and it reached 1662% from neat epoxy. In conclusion, a combination of 15 wt.% CTBN and nanosilica have increased the fracture toughness and viscoelastic viscosity properties of epoxy composites.
Sc2O3 Thin Film for Q-Switching Application in Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ahmeed Mahmoud. M. , Supian L. S. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Zainal D. A. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ismail Khadijah ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Harun S. W. ,   Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Abdul Rahman A. R. ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

This study demonstrates the utilization of a Scandium Oxide (Sc2O3) film as a passive saturable absorber (SA) for pulse generation within the C-band region in an Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser (EDFL) cavity for possible applications in metrology, sensing, and medical diagnostics. The SA was fabricated using Sc2O3 powder, with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) employed to form the film. The experimental setup utilized an all-fiber ring cavity configuration. Q-switching was achieved over a range of pump powers from 48.8 mW to 84.8 mW. It is observed that as the pump power increased, the repetition rate rose from 42.3kHz to 82.8 kHz, accompanied by a reduction in pulse width from 5.04 μs to 2.82 μs. At a pump power of 84.8 mW, the system achieved a maximum output power of 6.75 mW and a maximum pulse energy of 81.6 nJ. The EDFL also has a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the fundamental frequency which is 55.4 dB, highlighting the stability of the Q-switched pulses.
Continuous Quality Improvement for Civil Engineering Course During and After the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Civil Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Permatang Pauh, Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Keria Roziah , Md Nor Noorsuhada ,   Civil Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Permatang Pauh, Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Mat Saliah Soffian Noor ,   Civil Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Permatang Pauh, Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Published: January 2025

The Covid-19 outbreak has profoundly affected teaching and learning, necessitating a careful transition back to conventional methods in the post-pandemic era. This study examines the Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) of Course X in Civil Engineering during and after Covid-19, focusing on specific challenges faced and measures implemented during this transition. The evaluation includes an assessment of academic performance through diagnostic tests, course outcomes, program outcomes, and student feedback as components for planning effective CQI initiatives. Overall CO-PO performance metrics indicate that in semester 20214, CO1-PO1 was attained at 86%, while CO2-PO2 achieved 71%. However, during face-to-face assessments in semesters 20224 and 20234, a significant decline was observed: CO1-PO1 dropped to 54% and 53%, respectively, while CO2-PO2 decreased to 61% in semester 20224 and slightly increased to 62% in semester 20234. These findings underscore that while students adapted well to online learning, they faced significant barriers when transitioning back to hands-on activities. This research provides targeted insights into enhancing educational delivery methods post-pandemic, highlighting the necessity of integrating traditional and innovative teaching strategies to foster student engagement and improve learning outcomes. The implications are particularly relevant for educators and policymakers as they refine curricula and teaching methodologies to address the evolving needs of students in response to global disruptions.
Dynamics of management of monogenic epilepsies, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies in routine clinical practice
Authors: Rakhmanina О. A. , Volkov I. V. , Tomenko Т. R. , Shestakova O. I. , Volkova О. К.
Published: January 2025

Background. There is no doubt that genetic testing should be one of the main studies in modern clinical diagnosis of epileptic syndromes.

Aim. To describe and compare the spectrum of detected gene mutations in patients with epilepsy and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) over the last 3 years of clinical practice of neurologists-epileptologists, including: analysis of diagnosed epileptic syndromes, timing of etiological diagnosis, treatment options and effectiveness.

Materials and methods. A multicenter retrospective study including patients of any age and gender with epilepsy or DEE (with the obligatory presence of epileptic seizures) and verified gene mutations. The analysis was carried out as of 2020 and 2023. Over a three-year period, the number of data received in the study increased and amounted to 100 and 205 patients, respectively, 87–90 % of whom were children under 18 years of age.

Results and discussion. Over a three-year period, the number of genes with mutations increased from 67 to 98 variants. The clear leader remains mutations in the SCN1A gene. In practice, the number of referrals for whole exome sequencing has doubled from 9 to 18.6 % and the proportion of patients with mutation confirmation by Sanger sequencing has doubled from 32 % to 50.7 %. Up to 68 % of patients with a confirmed gene mutation are patients with one or another variant of DEE. Approaches to therapy with antiepileptic drugs have not undergone significant changes. but the volume of alternative methods decreased slightly from 52 to 45 %, with an emerging trend toward an increase in the effectiveness of therapy (an increase in the percentage of patients with no seizures from 46 to 54 %).

Conclusion. Analytical processing and expansion of experience in the etiological diagnosis of monogenic epilepsies and DEE is reflected in a more targeted selection and effectiveness of therapy for this category of patients.
SUSCEPTIBILITY MODELLING OF LANDSLIDES IN CENTRAL NEPAL
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, IVANIK Olena , LAVÉ Jérôme ,   CRPG, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, France, HADIATSKA Kateryna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, KRAVCHENKO Dmytro ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, PETRUSHENKO Eduard ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: January 2025

Background. Landslide processes in the Himalayas represent a major hazard threatening both humans lives and the socio-economic development of the region. The main goal of the present study is to examine the main factors influencing landslides in Central Nepal, to understand their relative importance and connections, and demonstrate the potential of the integrated technique for the assessment of landslide hazards at the regional scale.

Methods. The workflow used in this study consists of the following steps: (1) collection of the data for analysis (numerical topographies, remote sensing data, geological data, inventory of landslides); (2) identification of the main causes of landslides, determination of input parameters for modelling; (3) lineament extraction by using manual and automated approaches; and (4) susceptibility mapping and spatial modelling of landslides.

Results. Based on the overlay analysis of geological and geomorphological data, the susceptibility modelling of landslides in Central Nepal helps to identify the landslide-prone areas (high to low). The analysis confirms the essential role of lineaments in the landslide formation and their relation with tectonic and erosion processes. Therefore, in the regional classification of landslides in the Central Nepal it is necessary to add the landslides associated with weak zones of various nature and orientations.

Conclusions. The susceptibility modeling and landslide forecasting at the regional level are the main stage of the landslide risk evaluating and management. The results concern the general impact of geological-geomorphological and landscape factors on the formation of landslide phenomena in Central Nepal. Carrying out an analysis of landslides and studying their dynamics and regime is only possible with detailed studies and identifying the priority of the influence of each factor on the landslide formation. This study also aims to provide valuable insights for disaster preparedness, risk reduction, and sustainable land use practices in the region.
Relative Income and Wellbeing in Canada
Authors: Özer Mustafa
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of relative income on wellbeing in Canada, drawing on data from the seventh round of the World Values Survey. The analysis distinguishes between emerging adults (ages 18-25) and mature adults (ages 26-45), evaluating the effects of relative income while controlling for various demographic, socioeconomic, and subjective factors. The covariates include age, low/middle education, and marital status, number of children, employment status, immigrant status, rural residence, religiosity, physical health, financial troubles, scepticism, and happiness levels. The findings indicate that relative income significantly influences wellbeing for both males and females, even after accounting for these factors. Gender-specific differentiations are seen, particularly in the influence of education, marital status, and employment. The interaction analysis shows that the effect of relative income on wellbeing is consistent across different age cohorts. These results highlight the importance of relative income as a key determinant of wellbeing and suggest that policies aimed at reducing income inequality could enhance overall life satisfaction across diverse demographic groups.
Çok Kriterli Karar Yöntemleri Kullanılarak Covıd-19 Pandemisiyle Mücadelenin Değerlendirilmesi: N-11 Ülkeleri Örneği
Authors: Gökdemir Tuğba , Emel Gül
Published: January 2025

Yakın zamanda meydana gelen COVID-19 pandemisi insan nüfusu için küresel bir tehdit oluşturmuş, ülkelerin sağlık sistemleri ve ekonomileri üzerinde ciddi baskılar yaratmıştır. Bu süreçte ülkelerin politika yapıcıları, bu öngörülemez krizle başa çıkmak için mevcut tüm imkanlarını kullanmış, çeşitli önlemler almış ve mücadele stratejileri oluşturmuşlardır. Bu önlem ve stratejilerin bir kısmının benzer olmasına rağmen COVID-19 pandemisinin etkisi, özellikle vaka ve ölüm sayıları açısından ülkeler arasında önemli farklılık göstermiştir. Bu farklılığı analiz etmek için, ülkelerin COVID-19 pandemisi ile mücadelede ellerindeki imkanların gücünü, kısıtlamaları ve aldıkları önlemleri değerlendiren çalışmalara ihtiyaç doğmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin de içinde bulunduğu N-11 ülkeleri kapsamında bir araştırma ele alınmış ve söz konusu 11 ülkenin COVID-19 ile mücadele sürecindeki performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Performans analizi için Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemleri kullanılmış ve sağlık ile ekonomik değerlendirme kriterleri temel alınmıştır. Kriterlere ağırlık atamak için ENTROPİ, performans sıralaması için TOPSIS, COPRAS ve VIKOR yöntemleri tercih edilmiştir. Bütünleşik bir sıralama elde etmek için ise Borda yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre; COVID-19 ile mücadele performansında Güney Kore birinci sırada, Türkiye ikinci sırada ve Filipinler ise onbirinci sırada yer almıştır. Performans belirlemede en önemli kriterler ise Vaka/Ölüm, Milyon başına test ve Milyon başına ölüm kriterleri elde edilmiştir.
Sınıf Yönetiminde Öğretmenlerin Karşılaştıkları Sorunların Kaynağına İlişkin Bir Analiz
Authors: Ökmen Hasan , Karadaş Halil
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmanın amacı sınıf yönetiminde öğretmenlerin yaşadıkları zorlukların nedenlerinin incelenmesi ve çözüm önerilerinin alınması hakkında öğretmen görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışmada, nitel bir araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseni benimsenmiştir. Veri toplamak için uzman görüşlerinden yararlanılarak oluşturulan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formunu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda sınıf yönetiminde problem yaşadıklarını belirten farklı ekonomik ve sosyal çevrelerde yaşayan öğretmenlerin görüşleri alınmıştır. Araştırma örneklemini 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılı güz dönemi Mardin’in Ömerli ilçesinde görev yapmakta olan 27 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Görüşmelerde ses kaydı alınarak daha sonra yazıya geçirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre sınıf yönetiminde yaşanan zorluklarda öğretmen yetiştirme eğitimindeki sorunlar önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Sınıf içi disiplin sorunlarına çözüm üretmede deneyimli öğretmenlerin daha etkili stratejiler belirlediği ortaya tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan öğretmenler sınıf yönetiminde yaşanan zorlukların nedenlerinden başlıcaları olarak, sınıf mevcutlarının kalabalık olması, çevresel faktörlerin öğrencileri olumsuz etkilemesi, öğretmenlerin bilgi düzeylerini yetersiz kalması olarak belirtmektedir. Ayrıca eğitim sistemine ilişkin uygulamaların sürekli değişmesi, öğretmenlerin gereğinden fazla iş yüklenmesinden kaynaklı öğretmenlerin öğretim etkinliklerine yeterince odaklanamadıkları bu durumların sınıf yönetimini becerini olumsuz etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The possibility of reducing the anthropogenic load of diesel engines on the environment by changing the compression ratio
Authors: MELBERT ALLA Aleksandrovna , Mashenskaya Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Kalin Aleksander Yuryevich , Litvinenko Ilya Sergeevich
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to solving environmental problems arising from the operation of mobile energy vehicles with diesel engines in the agro-industrial sector and installed on cars, tractors, combines. Contrary to all forecasts, the use of environmentally friendly engines capable of competing with piston engines is limited in agricultural production, therefore, solving the problem of reducing harmful emissions from exhaust gases of diesel engines used in agriculture is very important and relevant.
The research is aimed at solving one of the key tasks of our time – reducing the anthropogenic load from harmful emissions of diesel engines on the environment by changing the compression ratio. As a result of the test, it was found that an increase in the compression ratio from 13.5 to 15.5 leads to a decrease in emissions from exhaust gases of solid particles (PM), hydrocarbons (CxHy) and carbon monoxide (CO), however, over the entire load characteristic from Pe =0 to Pe=1.24 MPa at 1900 min-1 emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) increases. Emissions of particulate matter from exhaust gases are reduced from 0.122 to 0.063. When the compression ratio changes from 13.5 to 15.5, the estimated values change: for nitrogen oxides – by 1.88 times; for carbon monoxide – by 1.22 times; for hydrocarbons – by 1.35 times; for solid particles – by 1.15 times. The evaluation results showed that the values of the anthropogenic load were Htn = 78.31 ut/g with serial configuration at = 13.5 and Htn = 90.4 ut/g at = 14.5. This indicates a decrease of 1.15 times with a decrease to 13.5. In order to obtain the best results in reducing the anthropogenic load on the environment, it is recommended to use complex methods, for example, simultaneous changes in the degree of compression and catalytic neutralization.