bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of broadening clinical trial eligibility criteria for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients: Real-world analysis.
Authors: Harvey R. Donald , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Ison Gwynn , Khozin Sean , Chen Li , Miller Robert S. , Jun Monika , Stepanski Edward , Hyde Brigham , Uldrick Thomas S. , Komatsoulis George Anthony , Roberts Jeremy , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Schilsky Richard L. , Schenkel Caroline , Kim Edward S. , Bruinooge Suanna S.
Published: June 2019

LBA108

Background: Restrictive trial eligibility criteria limit data generalizability and patient opportunity to participate. We compared numbers and characteristics of patients (pts) eligible using traditional vs expanded criteria recommended by ASCO and Friends of Cancer Research. Methods: A retrospective, observational analysis used deidentified EHR data from ASCO’s CancerLinQ database. Study cohort included adult aNSCLC pts with ≥2 visits and ≥1 dose of systemic treatment post-advanced-disease diagnosis from 2011-2018. Recorded creatinine clearance (CrCl) or Cockcroft-Gault variables were required. Pts were grouped by traditional criteria (no brain metastases, no other malignancies and CrCl >60 mL/min) and expanded criteria (brain metastases and other malignancies allowed and CrCl >30 mL/min). Results: 10,500 pts were identified (Table). Median age 67.6 years [IQR 60.3-74.4]. 56% were male, and 65% white. 60% were Stage IV, 80% former or current smokers. 5005 (47.7%) pts were excluded by traditional exclusion criteria, while only 154 (1.5%) pts were excluded by expanded criteria. Expanded criteria patients were older (67.5 v 66.1, p<0.001); and more likely to be female (44% v 40%), Stage IV (60% v 55%), have non-squamous histology (47% v 45%), and never smokers (16% v 13%). Additional analysis is needed to differentiate treated/stable vs. active brain metastases. Conclusions: Use of the ASCO-Friends expanded criteria would enable nearly twice as many aNSCLC pts to be considered for trial participation (4,851 patients, 46.2%). Narrower criteria should only be used based on compelling scientific rationale for exclusion. [Table: see text]
Impact of the Affordable Care Act on early-stage diagnosis and treatment for women with ovarian cancer.
Authors: Smith Anna Jo , Nickels Amanda
Published: June 2019

LBA5563

Background: The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded access to insurance and care for many Americans. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of the ACA on stage at diagnosis and time to treatment for women with ovarian cancer. Methods: We utilized a difference-in-differences (DD) approach to assess stage at diagnosis and time to treatment before and after the 2010 ACA among women with ovarian cancer ages 21-64 years compared to women ages 65 years and older. We used the National Cancer Database with the 2004-2009 surveys as the pre-reform years and the 2011-2014 surveys as the post-reform years. Outcomes were analyzed for women overall and by insurance type, adjusting for patient race, living in a rural area, area-level household income and education level, Charlson co-morbidity score, distance traveled for care, Census region, and care at an academic center. Results: A total of 35,842 ovarian cancer cases pre-reform and 37,145 post-reform were identified for women 21-64 years compared with 28,895 cases pre-reform and 30,604 post-reform for women 65 years and older. The ACA was associated with increased early-stage diagnosis for women 21-64 years compared to women 65 and older with ovarian cancer (DD=1.7%, p-for-trend=0.001). Additionally, the ACA was associated with more women receiving treatment within 30 days of ovarian cancer diagnosis (DD=1.6%, p<0.001). Specifically, among women with public insurance, the ACA was associated with a significant improvement in early-stage diagnosis and receipt of treatment within 30 days of diagnosis (DD=2.5%, p=0.003 and DD=2.5%, p=0.006). Improvements in stage at diagnosis and time to treatment were seen across race, income, and education groups. Conclusions: Under the Affordable Care Act, women with ovarian cancer were more likely to be diagnosed at an early stage and receive treatment within 30 days of diagnosis. As stage and treatment are major determinants of survival, these gains under the ACA may have long-term impacts on women with ovarian cancer.
Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab 300 mg Every 4 Weeks in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes on Maximally Tolerated Statin
Authors: Müller-Wieland Dirk , Rader Daniel J , Moriarty Patrick M , Bergeron Jean , Langslet Gisle , Ray Kausik K , Manvelian Garen , Thompson Desmond , Bujas-Bobanovic Maja , Roth Eli M
Published: June 2019

Context

In the ODYSSEY CHOICE I trial, alirocumab 300 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) was assessed in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Alirocumab efficacy and safety were evaluated in a patient subgroup with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and who were receiving maximally tolerated statins with or without other lipid-lowering therapies.

Methods

Participants received either alirocumab 300 mg Q4W (n = 458, including 96 with T2DM) or placebo (n = 230, including 50 with T2DM) for 48 weeks, with alirocumab dose adjustment to 150 mg every 2 weeks at Week (W) 12 if W8 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were ≥70 mg/dL or ≥ 100 mg/dL, depending on cardiovascular risk, or if LDL-C reduction was <30% from baseline. Efficacy end points included percentage change from baseline to W24 for lipids, and time-averaged LDL-C over W21 to W24.

Results

In individuals with T2DM, LDL-C reductions from baseline to W24 and the average of W21 to W24 were significantly greater with alirocumab (−61.6% and −68.8%, respectively) vs placebo. At W24, alirocumab significantly reduced levels of non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and other lipids. At W24, 85.9% and 12.5% of individuals in the alirocumab and placebo groups, respectively, reached both non–HDL-C <100 mg/dL and LDL-C <70 mg/dL. At W12, In total, 18% of alirocumab-treated participants received dose adjustment. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were upper respiratory tract infection and injection-site reaction. No clinically significant changes in fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin were observed.

Conclusion

In individuals with T2DM, alirocumab 300 mg Q4W was generally well tolerated and efficacious in reducing atherogenic lipoproteins.
Non-invasive classification of non-small cell lung cancer: a comparison between random forest models utilising radiomic and semantic features
Authors: Bashir Usman , Kawa Bhavin , Siddique Muhammad , Mak Sze Mun , Nair Arjun , Mclean Emma , Bille Andrea , Goh Vicky , Cook Gary
Published: June 2019

Objective:

Non-invasive distinction between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be beneficial to patients unfit for invasive diagnostic procedures or when tissue is insufficient for diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to compare the performance of random forest algorithms utilizing CT radiomics and/or semantic features in classifying NSCLC.

Methods:

Two thoracic radiologists scored 11 semantic features on CT scans of 106 patients with NSCLC. A set of 115 radiomics features was extracted from the CT scans. Random forest models were developed from semantic (RM-sem), radiomics (RM-rad), and all features combined (RM-all). External validation of models was performed using an independent test data set (n = 100) of CT scans. Model performance was measured with out-of-bag error and area under curve (AUC), and compared using receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis on the test data set.

Results:

The median (interquartile-range) error rates of the models were: RF-sem 24.5 % (22.6 – 37.5 %), RF-rad 35.8 % (34.9 – 38.7 %), and RM-all 37.7 % (37.7 – 37.7). On training data, both RF-rad and RF-all gave perfect discrimination (AUC = 1), which was significantly higher than that achieved by RF-sem (AUC = 0.78; p < 0.0001). On test data, however, RM-sem model (AUC = 0.82) out-performed RM-rad and RM-all (AUC = 0.5 and AUC = 0.56; p < 0.0001), neither of which was significantly different from random guess ( p = 0.9 and 0.6 respectively).

Conclusion:

Non-invasive classification of NSCLC can be done accurately using random forest classification models based on well-known CT-derived descriptive features. However, radiomics-based classification models performed poorly in this scenario when tested on independent data and should be used with caution, due to their possible lack of generalizability to new data.

Advances in knowledge:

Our study describes novel CT-derived random forest models based on radiologist-interpretation of CT scans (semantic features) that can assist NSCLC classification when histopathology is equivocal or when histopathological sampling is not possible. It also shows that random forest models based on semantic features may be more useful than those built from computational radiomic features.
Case Report: Case report: Pulmonary hemorrhage as a rare cause of lung ultrasound A/B-profile
Authors: Haaksma Mark E. , Nossent Esther J. , Elbers Paul , Tuinman Pieter Roel
Published: June 2019

When using lung ultrasound to determine the cause of acute respiratory failure, the BLUE protocol is often used. In a 65-year old patient, an A/B-profile was found, suggesting pneumonia, following the flowchart of this protocol. In this case, however, pulmonary hemorrhage confirmed by bronchoscopy was the final diagnosis. This case report outlines the importance of understanding the limitations of the BLUE protocol and that lung ultrasound findings should always be used in the context of the patient’s history and physical exam. In addition, pulmonary hemorrhage should be considered in patients with no clinical signs of pneumonia and/or presence of risk factors for lung bleeding as a rare cause of lung ultrasound A/B-profile.
Gender Biases and Discrimination while Hiring
Authors: Hassan Nida
Published: June 2019

In the employment market, hiring processes in the organisations are often considered to perpetuate gender equality. The discrimination prevails through implicit and in-group biases. During hiring decisions, marked gender differences in the hiring standards continue to exist for women and men. Counter balancing attempts, such as demonstrating agentic behaviour seem to have been unfavourable in receiving appreciations. Factors like „accumulation of advantage‟, „physical attractiveness‟ and so forth adds to the „threat‟ for the woman candidate. The article proposes that sustained and concrete processes need to be ensured that would defuse gender stereotyping, the latter being an outcome of the human tendency to carve the world into in-group and out-group. Two methods to neutralise gender biases while hiring are recommended in the concluding section.
The Use of the Project Method in Teaching Programming Languages
Authors: Гуриков Сергей , Gurikov Sergey
Published: June 2019

The article deals with one of the methods of overcoming the low quality level of training of former students, and now fi rst-year students, in the field of information technology through targeted training in programming languages with the help of practice-oriented projects. The implementation of the main didactic units in the form of a single project contributes to the development of pupils’ competences in searching, storing and processing information, forming and developing a creative approach to solving the set task. The article gives examples to illustrate the practical component of the work performed on the technology described in the article. The considered algorithm of the project method is successfully used by the author in the process of teaching disciplines in the fi eld of “Automation of technological processes and production”, “Management in technical systems” at the Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, it can be also used in teaching high school students in the classroom of Informatics.
Organizational and Managerial Measures for the Organization of the Republican School Olympiad in Competence Environment
Authors: Келдибекова Аида , Keldibekova Aida , Байсалов Джоомарт , Baisalov Joomart
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the article is to determine the directions of organizational work to improve the methods of eff ective preparation of gifted children to participate in mathematical competitions at all levels from the position of a competence-based approach to learning. The study examined the shortcomings of the Olympiad, identifi ed organizational and pedagogical approaches to conducting all stages of the Olympiad, identifi ed functions and formulated practical recommendations for organizing the Olympiad of schoolchildren in mathematics in the educational system of Kyrgyzstan. During the study, the author concludes that a comprehensive solution to the problem of preparing schoolchildren to participate in competitions, including the timely diagnosis of the mathematical talent of students and the continuous improvement of methods of working with students will provide an opportunity to achieve high results in mathematics competitions.
Memorialization of the Spiritual Achievement of Confessors and New Martyrs of the Russian Orthodox Church of the twentieth century
Authors: Аксенова Г. , Aksenova G. , Сокольников Е. , Sokol'nikov E.
Published: June 2019

The article reveals the features of the process of perpetuating the memory of the canonized in the last quarter of the century Holy ascetics, new martyrs and Confessors. The glorifi cation of almost two thousand saints demanded from the Church and the laity a lot of work related to the disclosure of the meaningfulness of the feats, the study of archival materials and printed sources. The fi rst step on the path of memorialization were painted icons and lives. Hagiographic work of researchers contributed to the writing of monographic research, articles, artistic and artistic-journalistic works, publication of collections of documents, memoirs, epistolary and other materials. The article states that at the present stage of development of society the Russian Orthodox Church continues to preserve and increase the ancient traditions associated with the glorifi cation of the spiritual feat of our people. This is expressed primarily in the construction of churches and chapels dedicated to those saints who remained faithful to Christ and his Church in the terrible years of persecution. The tradition of the installation of monuments and sculptural compositions to the ascetics of piety, which was established in Russia only in the XVIII century, is also actively developing. The awards established by the Church play an important role in revealing the signifi cance of the feat of the new martyrs. The article emphasized that the special role play memorial museums and memorial exhibitions in the composition of the regional, historical and art-historical museums. The article gives examples of complex work on perpetuating the memory of the new martyrs and Confessors of Russia — Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna, Hieromartyr Constantine Bogorodsky and holy hierarch Agafangel, abuna Yaroslavsky and Rostovsky.
Economics of network collaboration. Theory. Practice. Opportunities
Authors: Куимов Василий , Kuimov Vasiliy
Published: June 2019

The monograph explores the modern practices of relationships in business and shows that they are to achieve quality results are built on the basis of cooperative network interactions, including both hierarchical, quasi-market and network relationships, active cooperation of resources or their parts and Board-shaped methods of their use. The information and communication environment, which is increasingly developing and focused on specific business structures and social demands, translates the activities of business structures and creates opportunities for significantly reducing the costs of coordinating the activities of participants, using the main resources - network effects and the law of increasing profitability with positive communication.
It is intended for researchers and practitioners of business, management specialists, including state and municipal levels.
The monograph summarizes the results of long-term research of auto-RA, including the materials obtained under The RFBR grant 18-010-00192 "Cooperative network interaction as a resource of self-organization and achievement of quality results in the economy».
Government Spending and Corporate Innovation
Authors: Kong Lei
Published: June 2019

I study the impact of government spending on corporate innovation. Using changes in U.S. Senate committee chairmanships as a source of exogenous variation in state-level federal government expenditures, I find that firms headquartered in states with increases in government spending significantly reduce their innovation output, as measured by their number of patents and the citations to these patents. These reductions are mostly concentrated in labor-intensive industries, in firms headquartered in states with lower unemployment rates, and in government-dependent industries. My findings suggest that resource diversion induced by increased government spending is a channel through which government spending may affect corporate innovation.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Barriers and facilitators to implementing the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool in a community palliative care setting
Authors: Horseman Zoe , Milton Libby , Finucane Anne
Published: June 2019

Family carers play a central role in community-based palliative care. However, caring for a terminally ill person puts the carer at increased risk of physical and mental morbidity. The Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool (CSNAT) enables comprehensive assessment of carer support needs. The present study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing the CSNAT in a community specialist palliative care service. Semi-structured interviews with 12 palliative care nurse specialists from two community nursing teams in Lothian, Scotland, June 2017. Data was audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed. Palliative care nurse specialists acknowledge the importance of carers in palliative care and encourage carer support practices. Nurses perceived the CSNAT as useful, but used it as an ‘add-on’ to current practice, rather than as a new approach to carer-led assessment. Further training is recommended to ensure community palliative care nurses are familiar with the broader CSNAT approach.
A good idea badly implemented? Revised National Early Warning Score 2 in community settings
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: June 2019

The revised National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), a tool used to measure acute deterioration in hospital, has been introduced in acute NHS hospitals and ambulance services. Community nurses report that when they call 999 requesting an ambulance to take a person to hospital, they are asked to provide a NEWS score. They report that when the NEWS score is high, ambulance staff prioritise the call. The NEWS score is being introduced in the community by default. This article will outline how the NEWS score is calculated, its uses and limitations and asks if the NEWS score accurately measures acute deterioration in people living in the community and predicts the need for referral to accident and emergency services.
Management of wounds in the community: five principles
Authors: Ward Joseph , Holden Jane , Grob Marion , Soldin Mark
Published: June 2019

The care of any wound in the community requires multidisciplinary working between healthcare professionals. In this article, the authors offer five generalisable principles that colleagues providing community care can apply in order to achieve timely wound healing: (1) assessment and exclusion of disease processes; (2) wound cleansing; (3) timely dressing change; (4) appropriate (dressing choice; and (5) considered antibiotic prescription. High-quality wound care is an essential aspect of healthcare practice but lacks an evidence base and standardised practice at present. The practice and teaching of wound care should be more greatly emphasised in healthcare training for all disciplines.
Active debridement of venous leg ulcers: a literature review to inform clinical practice
Authors: Hall Lucy , Adderley Una
Published: June 2019

Community nurses often care for patients with sloughy venous leg ulcers. Slough is viewed as a potential infection source and an impediment to healing, but it is unclear if active debridement of slough promotes healing. Using a clinical scenario as a contextual basis, this literature review sought research evidence to answer this clinical question. A strategy based on the ‘4S’ approach was used to identify research evidence. The retrieved evidence included one systematic review, three clinical guidelines and six qualitative and quantitative studies. The analysis suggested that there is no robust evidence to support the routine practice of active debridement of venous leg ulcers to promote healing, and that debridement is associated with increased pain. Since autolytic debridement can be achieved through the application of graduated compression therapy, active debridement may offer no additional benefit.
Optimising management of self-inflicted burns: a retrospective review
Authors: Houschyar Khosrow S. , Tapking Christian , Duscher Dominik , Maan Zeshaan N. , Sheckter Clifford C. , Rein Susanne , Chelliah Malcolm P. , Nietzschmann Ina , Weissenberg Kristian , Reumuth Georg , Schulz Torsten , Branski Ludwik K. , Siemers Frank
Published: June 2019

Objective:

Self-inflicted burns typically result in extensive injuries requiring intensive care and attention in a specialised burn unit. Burn units should be familiar with the optimal management of self-inflicted burns, including the psychological and psychiatric treatment. This paper describes the experiences of managing these challenging injuries in a German burn centre.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients with self-inflicted burns admitted to the burn centre between 2000 and 2017. Demographics, details of injury, presence of psychiatric disorder, clinical course, operative management and patient outcomes were recorded and compared with a control group without self-inflicted burns. Outcome measures included graft take rate, complications and need for further surgery.

Results:

There were a total of 2055 burn patient admissions, with 17 cases (0.8%) of self-inflicted burns. The mean age was 36±11 years with an mean percentage total body surface area (%TBSA) burned of 43.5±22.5% which was not significantly different from the control group (p=0.184). Schizophrenia and personality disorder were the most common diagnoses in the self-inflicted burns patients (n=11; 65%). Of these, four had sustained previous self-inflicted burns. Length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the self-inflicted burn group than in the control group (49.0±16.7 days, respectively, p=0.002).

Conclusion:

Attempted suicide by self-inflicted burns represents <1% of burn admissions. This population demonstrates a high incidence of prior psychiatric disorders. Successful treatment includes multidisciplinary management of acute medical, surgical, and psychiatric care.
Bacterial-binding dressings in the management of wound healing and infection prevention: a narrative review
Authors: Chadwick Paul , Ousey Karen
Published: June 2019

The aim of this review was to present the clinical data on the use of the family of bacterial-binding dressings (Sorbact; dialkylcarbamoyl chloride-coated) in the treatment of a variety of acute and chronic wounds. The findings are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of the bacterial-binding dressings on bacterial bioburden reduction, infection prevention, initiation/progression of wound healing and cost-effectiveness. The evidence in support of the bacterial-binding dressings is strongest in the area of infection prevention in surgical wounds, with several controlled trials showing the prophylactic benefit of the dressing in these wounds. Wound bioburden management in chronic wounds is supported by a number of clinical studies. In total, 29 published clinical studies (with a total of 4044 patients) were included in this review.
Solidarność mimo różnic – solidarność dzięki różnicom. Działaczki Ogólnopolskiego Strajku Kobiet
Authors: Ramme Jennifer , Snochowska-Gonzalez Claudia
Published: June 2019

W badaniu dotyczącym organizatorek Ogólnopolskiego Strajku Kobiet (OSK) – jednym z największych, jakie dotychczas zrealizowano w Polsce – przeprowadziłyśmy prawie 100 wywiadów CAWI i PAPI z lokalnymi koordynatorkami grup OSK z całego kraju. Naszym celem było poznanie uczestniczek ogólnopolskiej sieci, która w 2016 roku umożliwiła organizację protestów przeciwko próbom kolejnego zaostrzenia restrykcyjnego prawa aborcyjnego. Chciałyśmy dowiedzieć się, co skłoniło je do aktywizmu i czy przed OSK były aktywne społeczno-politycznie również w innych obszarach. Ciekawiło nas też to, jak rozumieją one niejednoznaczne pojęcie „zwykłej kobiety”. Istotnym wnioskiem z badań jest to, że chociaż prawie wszystkie nasze respondentki zgadzają się co do tego, iż uczestniczki Strajku Kobiet w 2016 roku były „zwykłymi kobietami”, to ich sposób użycia terminu „zwykłe” różni się od prawicowych operacjonalizacji tego słowa, wiąże się bowiem przede wszystkim z różnorodnością protestujących. Na podstawie ustaleń dotyczących krzyżujących się pozycji społecznych, na które zwracają uwagę koordynatorki OSK, omawiamy kwestię sprawczości i możliwe bariery ograniczające udział w życiu publicznym.
Heptapod B and the Paradox of Foreknowledge: Confronting Literature and its Filmic Adaptation
Authors: Noletto Israel A. C. , Lopes Sebastião A. T.
Published: June 2019

Ted Chiang’s Story of Your Life (1998) and its filmic adaptation Arrival (2016) both use Heptapod B, an artificial language from extra-terrestrial origin, capable of conferring on its speakers the ability of precognition, as a primordial narrative framework. Innovative as it is, it not only determines the way the stories are recounted, but also raises some very interesting philosophical issues. Focusing on that fantastical language, we promote a comparative analysis of the differing perspectives of the novella writer and the filmmakers regarding the free will and determinism dichotomy in connection with foreknowledge, and how these distinct views may have been influenced by the adaptation process. With the aim of providing a solid basis for such discussion, we collect and review the contributions of Linda Hutcheon, Brian McFarlane, George Bluestone, Linda Gualda as well as of others in relation to the plot developments in the literary text and its filmic adaptation. As a result, we point out what is prioritized or transformed in the adaptation process, thus offering a theoretical and philosophical criticism on the two stories and a comprehensive exegesis of the texts.
Change of cognitive functions after stroke with rehabilitation systems
Authors: Baltaduonienė Daiva , Kubilius Raimondas , Berškienė Kristina , Vitkus Linas , Petruševičienė Daiva
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study is to assess and compare the effect of applying a computerised cognitive training programme and virtual environment rehabilitation system on cognitive functions in patients after a stroke. Methods. A controlled trial included 121 persons referred to second stage rehabilitation. The subjects were differentiated into three impact groups by a single blinded trial. Results. The trial revealed that cognitive functions improved in all patient groups (p<0.001). A paired comparison analysis of all groups demonstrated a tendency for cognitive functions, evaluated by the MoCA–LT test, to be more strongly improved in patients who practised a computerised cognitive training programme during their OT sessions than those who did not (p=0.054). Conclusions. The final outcome of the trial was that cognitive functions significantly improved in patients who practised computerised cognitive training programmes or virtual environment rehabilitation systems, compared to those participants who only had occupational therapy sessions.
Die Theorie rationalen Handelns, das Modell der Frame-Selektion und die Wirkungen von Bestrafungen auf Kooperation
Authors: Opp Karl-Dieter
Published: June 2019

Fehr & Gächter (2000, 2002) überprüfen in einem Kollektivgut-Experiment Hypothesen über die Wirkungen von Bestrafungen auf Kooperation. Hartmut Esser (2018, in dieser Zeitschrift) behauptet, dass zentrale Ergebnisse des Experiments der „rational choice“-Theorie (RCT) widersprechen und das Modell der Frame-Selektion (MFS) bestätigen. Es wird gezeigt, dass Esser eine problematische enge Version der RCT heranzieht. Eine „weite“ Version weist die von Esser behandelten Probleme nicht auf und kann die Ergebnisse des Experiments erklären. Weiter wird auf gravierende Probleme des MFS hingewiesen, die die Erklärung der experimentellen Befunde fragwürdig erscheinen lassen. Die Analyse zeigt weiter, dass das MFS eine Ergänzung und nicht eine Alternative zu einer weiten RCT ist und auf keinen Fall die übergreifende „general theory of action“ ist, wie Esser behauptet.
Stigma-Management von Verkäuferinnen von Straßenzeitungen
Authors: Buchmayr Florian
Published: June 2019

In der empirischen Forschung zu Strategien des Stigma-Managements werden Stigma-Gruppen zumeist als mehr oder weniger homogen imaginiert. Die Unterschiede zwischen Stigmatisierten und damit einhergehende Variationen des Stigma-Managements wurden bisher ausgeblendet. Aus diesem Grund erweitert die vorliegende Arbeit Erving Goffmans Stigma-Konzept durch Pierre Bourdieus Kapitaltheorie. Anhand von qualitativen Interviews mit Verkäuferinnen von Straßenzeitungen werden sowohl Gemeinsamkeiten als auch Unterschiede im Umgang mit dem Stigma der Obdachlosigkeit untersucht. Als Gemeinsamkeit zeigt sich, dass alle Verkäuferinnen nur ihr individuelles Stigma managen und nicht das ihrer Gruppe. Gleichzeitig gibt es aber auch große Unterschiede in der Kapitalausstattung, die die Wahl von Strategien des Stigma-Managements beeinflussen. Personen mit höherem ökonomischem und kulturellem Kapital können sich effektiver vom Stigma distanzieren als weniger privilegierte Verkäuferinnen.
A POSSÍVEL MINERAÇÃO NO BIOMA PAMPA E O ESCOAMENTO DE MINÉRIOS PELO PORTO DE RIO GRANDE: DISPUTAS E IMPACTOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS
Authors: Barcellos Sérgio Botton , Dos Santos Caio Floriano , Severo Ricardo Gonçalves
Published: June 2019

Os projetos em mineração estão em expansão no Brasil e também no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), incluindo a parte denominada “metade sul” ou “região da Campanha” no bioma Pampa. Atualmente, a possibilidade da instalação de uma mina na região está gerando impasses entre empresa, grupos locais e pesquisadores em debates e audiências públicas, levando também a contestações junto ao Ministério Público Federal (MPF) e a realização de diversas audiências nos municípios da “metade sul”, inclusive no município de Rio Grande por onde vai escoar via Porto os minérios extraídos. Assim, por meio desse trabalho, o objetivo geral é trazer à tona quais os riscos socioambientais para o município de Rio Grande devido o escoamento dos concentrados de minério de chumbo, cobre, etc. a partir do exemplo de Antofagasta no Chile e Callao no Peru. A metodologia do trabalho é qualitativa e como procedimento metodológico foi realizada uma análise documental e de conteúdo sobre o EIA-RIMA do empreendimento minerário, bem como o acesso a estudos na plataforma Scielo e sites de notícias do Peru e do Chile que relataram casos de contaminação por chumbo e cobre. Ao discutir as relações de cooperação e conflito entre os atores nos debates públicos sobre a instalação desse empreendimento em mineração no bioma Pampa até o escoamento dos minérios pelo Porto de Rio Grande, buscaremos relacionar essa reflexão com a reconfiguração territorial do contexto rural brasileiro contemporâneo.
MÉDICOS E “NÃO-MÉDICOS” NA UNIDADE DE ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA “MORRO DA ILHA”
Authors: Previatti Débora
Published: June 2019

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as tramas sociais interprofissionais que caracterizam uma Unidade de Atenção Primária (UAP). Para isso, foi realizada uma etnografia da UAP “Morro da Ilha”, de renome nacional, situada em Florianópolis-SC, pelo período de dois anos. O material etnográfico incluiu, além da observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e análise de documentos oficiais governamentais, manuais e tratados profissionais. O estudo permitiu identificar que, na medida em que uma série de novos grupos profissionais passou a integrar a Atenção Primária, uma cascata de movimentos, enquadramentos e posicionamentos específicos foi ativada por parte desses grupos, mas também por parte daqueles que já estavam bem estabelecidos. Nesse sentido, elementos como a fofoca, quadros de greve, uso e disposição dos espaços físicos, assim como práticas de escrita mostraram-se elementos eficazes para desvelar a demarcação de limites profissionais e a presença de disputas e hierarquias simbólicas. Nesse contexto, um perfil específico de trabalhador flexível é valorizado, com habilidades como a agilidade, a flexibilidade e a proatividade, com vistas a uma alta produtividade dos profissionais e uma maior “resolutividade” dos serviços ofertados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. A atuação dos profissionais em tal modelo contribui para a reprodução de hierarquias nesse jogo social.
Ser rabino, como profesión y estilo de vida. Claves para (re)pensarlo en el mundo del trabajo reconfigurado
Authors: Katz Magali
Published: June 2019

En esta propuesta se busca dar cuenta de la trayectoria de dos rabinos judíos ortodoxos sefaradíes, con el tinte particular de ser abuelo y nieto (por cuestiones de anonimato, hemos modificado sus nombres). Para ello se ha entrevistado al nieto, Isaías, quien actualmente es rabino de una escuela (en los tres niveles: jardín, primaria y secundaria), él fue quien nos dio acceso a la historia de vida de su abuelo, Ismael. La cual se encuentra compilada en un libro (que nos fue obsequiado), que la comunidad armó al cumplirse el año de fallecimiento de Ismael. La intención es poder dar cuenta, con la historia de vida de Ismael y la entrevista a Isaías, de las diversas formas en que los judíos expresan y vivencian su creer, así como las prácticas en relación a pertenecer a las tradiciones, en este caso será la especificidad que existe, dentro de los judíos ortodoxos sefaradíes de origen (y descendencia) siria, del especialista religioso. Siendo las experiencias de los especialistas religiosos judíos, es decir, quienes eligen como modo de vida dedicarse a la práctica, enseñanza, difusión y ejercicio de la religión. La propuesta implica poner en palabras distintas cotidianeidades de estos dos especialistas, su relación con los marcos comunitarios e institucionales de los que forman parte.
Design methods for reducing noise and interferences in channels with lumped parameters in high-speed data processing
Authors: Tynynyka A. N.
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the methods and rules of electronic design of radio electronic devices, which provide high stability and electromagnetic compatibility. The author considers how interferences may be caused by the unsuccessful design decisions when constructing discrete-analog channels of information conversion. The paper gives practical recommendations for choosing appropriate element base, grounding and power sources. The urgency of these tasks is caused by the requirements for increasing the speed of semiconductor devices and electronic circuits in general and reducing the amplitude of the working signals of digital devices, as well as by the problems of increasing the impact of interconnections and the assembly of nodes on the stability and speed of electronic devices and systems, by the problems of reducing the production complexity, material and time consumption, and of finding and eliminating the causes of low noise immunity of electronic devices.
With the growth of the speed and layout density of the elements, ensuring the immunity of the electromagnetic interaction between different devices and systems becomes the most important task in construing the radio electronic systems in general. When designing any electronic circuit, one should inevitably allow for addi¬tional parasitic parameters of resistive, inductive and capacitive nature, which may unacceptably impair the performance and noise immunity of the actual design, or even lead to complete loss of functionality. Design and installation have a particular effect on the work of super-high-speed (high frequency) circuits and de¬vices – here the provision of system speed, noise immunity and electromagnetic compatibility become the main criteria for the quality of electronic design.
The analysis of the special characteristics of the element base and of the experience of designing power sources and grounding, should help the developers of the electronic devices to reduce the noise in the shaped channels of high-speed data processing
Figure-Ground Organization in Natural Scenes: Performance of a Recurrent Neural Model Compared with Neurons of Area V2
Authors: Hu Brian , von der Heydt Rüdiger , Niebur Ernst
Published: June 2019

A crucial step in understanding visual input is its organization into meaningful components, in particular object contours and partially occluded background structures. This requires that all contours are assigned to either the foreground or the background (border ownership assignment). While earlier studies showed that neurons in primate extrastriate cortex signal border ownership for simple geometric shapes, recent studies show consistent border ownership coding also for complex natural scenes. In order to understand how the brain performs this task, we developed a biologically plausible recurrent neural network that is fully image computable. Our model uses local edge detector ( B ) cells and grouping ( G ) cells whose activity represents proto-objects based on the integration of local feature information. G cells send modulatory feedback connections to those B cells that caused their activation, making the B cells border ownership selective. We found close agreement between our model and neurophysiological results in terms of the timing of border ownership signals (BOSs) as well as the consistency of BOSs across scenes. We also benchmarked our model on the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset and achieved performance comparable to recent state-of-the-art computer vision approaches. Our proposed model provides insight into the cortical mechanisms of figure-ground organization.
The Vulnerable Spectator
Authors: Hastie Amelie
Published: June 2019

FQ Columnist Amelie Hastie offers a unique and personal meditation on cinema's affective qualities, particularly the sentiment of love. She traces Cuarón's exploration of cinema's fundamental humanism back to Jean Renoir and continues through the Italian Neo-Realists, particularly Vittorio de Sica. She discusses Cuarón's intellectual formation as a student of cinema, and finds a consistent emphasis on women's experiences throughout his films. Introducing Cuarón's description of Roma as an “inquiry” into the relation between “foreground” and “background,” she delves into scenes where character and social environment converge.
Analiza reaktivnog djelovanja bankovnog sustava EU-a kroz najavu izmjene prudencijalnog regulatornog okvira u funkciji očuvanja financijske stabilnosti
Authors: Klinac Ivica
Published: June 2019

Uspostava nadnacionalnih autoriteta regulacije banaka izravno je pridonijela boljem razumijevanju ponašanja i utjecaja bankovnog sektora na ekonomske tokove u cjelini. Institucionalna povezanost nacionalnih regulatornih tijela u kontekstu globalizacijskih odnosa pridonosi željenoj standardizaciji podataka koji su temelj za svaku validnu ekonomsku analizu. Napose, tržišna disciplina kao uporište suvremene regulacije reducira prostor neprozirnosti bankovne tvrtke, dok s druge strane dostupnost relevantnih baza podataka širi horizonte modelskog pristupa analize bankovnog sektora. Dominacija istog sektora kao izvora eksternog financiranja na zajedničkom europskom tržištu ishodište je traženja rješenja izlaska iz stagnacijskih pritisaka na gospodarska kretanja. Dinamičnost kauzalnih ekonomskih odnosa nameće potrebu sve veće pouzdanosti u izvore podataka, stoga reprezentativnost uzorka ne samo da usmjerava pojedino istraživanje već i determinira spoznajni proces. Analiza javno dostupnih podataka bankovnih tvrtki suvremenim ekonometrijskim alatima svakako je velik iskorak u pokušaju uspostave jasnog i transparentnog metodološkog okvira monitoringa reaktivnog djelovanja bankarskog sektora na nužnu promjenu regulatornih uvjeta u funkciji postkriznog pokretanja kreditnog ciklusa. Model empirijske analize usklađivanja bankarskog sektora s novim kapitalnim zahtjevima ovim će se radom testirati na uzorku od 35 bankovnih grupacija koje posluju na području EU-a za razdoblje od 2000. do 2016. godine, odabranih po veličini aktive. Analizom panel modela izvršen je odabir dinamičkog panela generaliziranom metodom momenata (engl. Generalized Method of Moments – GMM) jednim korakom. Rezultati istraživanja dali su dokaze da najava povećanja regulatornog kapitala utječe na rast ukupnih bankovnih aktiva odnosno dolazi do značajnog porasta udjela bezrizičnih aktiva u imovini banaka, dok s druge strane dolazi do kreditne kontrakcije koja olakšava zadovoljenje regulatornih zahtjeva. Konačno, upravljačke strukture preko neto kamatne marže kao instrumenta kreditno-depozitne politike, realociraju vlastita i tuđa sredstva u funkciji očuvanja likvidnosti i solventnosti banke u cjelini.
Zeleni cinizam – dimenzije i učinci na kupnju ekoloških prehrambenih proizvoda
Authors: Ham Marija
Published: June 2019

Brojne kritike kao i nezanemariv broj nepoštenih proizvođačkih praksi u prošlosti, doveli su do značajno prisutne skepse i nepovjerenja potrošača. Ovo, kod nekih potrošača, prilično duboko ukorijenjeno nepovjerenje, skepticizam i nezainteresiranost, može se obuhvatiti pojmom zelenog cinizma. Zeleni cinizam znatno interferira i ometa sve aktivnosti i napore iz domene održivog marketinga s obzirom na to da je zbog izrazitog nepovjerenja znatno teže ili čak nemoguće pozicionirati proizvod ili gospodarski subjekt kao održivi. Ovo dovodi do otežanog prihvaćanja ovih proizvoda od potrošača te sporijeg prihvaćanja održivih marketinških strategija od gospodarskih subjekata, što je nedvojbeno društveno nepoželjna pojava. Iz tog je razloga iznimno važno proučavati i razumjeti čimbenike koji utječu na ovaj oblik cinizma te kako on utječe na određena ponašanja. Cilj ovoga rada je predložiti i objasniti pojam zelenog cinizma i istražiti neke njegove moguće dimenzije te provjeriti njihov utjecaj na namjeru kupnje ekoloških prehrambenih proizvoda. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 411 ispitanika iz istočne Hrvatske koji predstavljaju osobe koje obavljaju kupnju većine namirnica za kućanstvo. Rezultati utemeljeni na regresijskoj analizi pokazali su da na namjeru kupnje ekoloških prehrambenih proizvoda najjači negativan učinak ima nezainteresiranost iskazana kao nedostatak vremena da se o tim pitanjima uopće razmišlja. Također signifikantan negativan utjecaj ima i nepovjerenje prema samim ekološkim prehrambenim proizvodima odnosno oznakama koje ih razlikuju od konvencionalnih proizvoda. U ovom istraživanju utjecaj skepticizma što se tiče problema okoliša nije se pokazao signifikantnim što može biti posljedica činjenice da se radi o značajnoj razlici u širini obuhvata varijable.
Cjenovni balon na tržištu nekretnina u Republici Hrvatskoj
Authors: Mustać Josipa
Published: June 2019

Baloni na tržištu pojava su brzog rasta cijena nakon koje dolazi njihov dramatični pad. U nekim dijelovima Hrvatske – uz more i u gradu Zagrebu – cijene nekretnina drastično rastu promatra li se razdoblje od 2000. godine. Zbog napuhavanja cijena nekretnina u SAD-u, 2008. godine došlo je došlo do svjetske gospodarske krize, koja se zbog prelijevanja s jednog tržišta na drugo prelila i na gospodarstvo Hrvatske. Ovaj rad proučava događa li se u Hrvatskoj danas isto, odnosno jesu li cijene nekretnina u Hrvatskoj osnovano rasle ili je riječ o balonu koji će u jednom trenutku „puknuti“. Cijene nekretnina u Hrvatskoj rastu zbog više čimbenika, poput povećane potražnje za nekretninama u svrhu turističkog najma, subvencioniranja stambenih kredita za mlade, povećane potražnje stranaca za nekretninama. Ako dođe do znatnog pada turističke aktivnosti u Hrvatskoj, cijene nekretnina mogle bi dramatično pasti.
The challenges of sodium measurements: indirect versus direct ion-selective method
Authors: Refardt Julie , Sailer Clara Odilia , Chifu Irina , Winzeler Bettina , Schnyder Ingeborg , Fassnacht Martin , Fenske Wiebke , Christ-Crain Mirjam , _ _
Published: June 2019

Background

Diagnosis and treatment of dysnatremia is challenging and further complicated by the pitfalls of different sodium measurement methods. Routinely used sodium measurements are the indirect (plasma/serum) and direct (whole blood) ion-selective electrode (ISE) method, showing discrepant results especially in the setting of acute illness. Few clinicians are aware of the differences between the methods in clinically stable patients or healthy volunteers.

Methods

Data of 140 patients and 91 healthy volunteers undergoing osmotic stimulation with hypertonic saline infusion were analyzed. Sodium levels were measured simultaneously by indirect and direct ISE method before and at different time points during osmotic stimulation up to a sodium threshold of ≥150 mmol/L. The primary outcome was the difference in sodium levels between the indirect and direct ISE method.

Results

878 sodium measurements were analyzed. Mean (s.d.) sodium levels ranged from 141 mmol/L (2.9) to 151 mmol/L (2.1) by the indirect ISE compared to 140 mmol/L (3) to 149 mmol/L (2.8) by the direct ISE method. The interclass correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.844 (95% CI: 0.823–0.863). On average, measurements by the indirect ISE were 1.9 mmol/L (95% CI limits: −3.2 to 6.9) higher than those by the direct ISE method (P < 0.001). The tendency of the indirect ISE method resulting in higher levels increased with increasing sodium levels.

Conclusion

Intra-individual sodium levels differ significantly between the indirect and direct ISE method also in the absence of acute illness. It is therefore crucial to adhere to the same method in critical situations to avoid false decisions due to measurement differences.
Excellent response to pasireotide therapy in an aggressive and dopamine-resistant prolactinoma
Authors: Coopmans Eva C , van Meyel Sebastiaan W F , Pieterman Kay J , van Ipenburg Jolique A , Hofland Leo J , Donga Esther , Daly Adrian F , Beckers Albert , van der Lely Aart-Jan , Neggers Sebastian J C M M
Published: June 2019

Prolactinomas are the most commonly encountered pituitary adenomas in the clinical setting. While most can be controlled by dopamine agonists, a subset of prolactinomas are dopamine-resistant and very aggressive. In such tumors, the treatment of choice is neurosurgery and radiotherapy, with or without temozolomide. Here, we report a patient with an highly aggressive, dopamine-resistant prolactinoma, who only achieved biochemical and tumor control during pasireotide long-acting release (PAS-LAR) therapy, a second-generation somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL). Interestingly, cystic degeneration, tumor cell necrosis or both was observed after PAS-LAR administration suggesting an antitumor effect. This case shows that PAS-LAR therapy holds clinical potential in selective aggressive, dopamine-resistant prolactinomas that express somatostatin (SST) receptor subtype 5 and appears to be a potential new treatment option before starting temozolomide. In addition, PAS-LAR therapy may induce cystic degeneration, tumor cell necrosis or both in prolactinomas.
Confirmation of a new therapeutic option for aggressive or dopamine agonist-resistant prolactin pituitary neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Raverot Gerald , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Lasolle Hélène
Published: June 2019

Recent publications suggested that pasireotide could be a good therapeutic option in some dopamine-resistant or aggressive prolactinomas. We discussed the two published cases and describe another case of poorly differentiated plurihormonal PIT-1-positive adenoma with moderate SSTR2 expression and intense STTR5 expression successfully treated with PAS-LAR 40 mg/month.