bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amino Acid Supplementation May Help Prevent Muscle Wasting After Orthopedic Surgery, but Additional Studies Are Warranted: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Brown Elizabeth , Mohler Samantha A. , Kviatkovsky Shiloah A. , Blake Lindsay E. , Hill J. Ryan , Stambough Jeffrey B. , Inclan Paul M.
Published: January 2025

Background: Essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation, including conditionally essential amino acid (CEAA) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation, has been suggested as a mechanism to optimize patient outcomes by counteracting the atrophy associated with orthopedic procedures. Purpose: We sought to investigate the effect of EAA supplementation in the perioperative period on patients undergoing orthopedic and spine surgery, specifically whether it is associated with (1) reductions in postoperative muscle atrophy and (2) improved postoperative function including range of motion, strength, and mobility. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used, and the protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42023447774). Studies of interest were prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published between 2002 and 2023 evaluating the impact of EAA supplementation on patients undergoing orthopedic and spine surgery. Results: Ten RCTs evaluating EAA supplementation in trauma, adult reconstruction, and spine surgery were identified; half of these focused on adult reconstruction. The EAA supplementation dose (3.4-20 g), frequency (daily to 3 times per day), and duration (14-49 days) varied widely across studies. Seven studies reported parameters relating to muscle size and/or composition, with 3 studies reporting superior muscle size/composition in patients receiving perioperative EAA supplementation, when compared with controls. Three studies reported favorable mobility outcomes for patients receiving EAA. Meta-analysis was prohibited by variation in measurement and outcome variables across the studies. Conclusions: Pooled data from level I studies supports the use of EAA, BCAA, and CEAA supplementations across several orthopedic subspecialties. However, significant heterogeneity exists in the quantity, duration, and content of EAA administered. Further prospective studies are needed to determine optimal/standardized parameters for supplementation.
Running Collaborative Competence Groups - Exploring Experiences From Five Countries
Authors: Krane Vibeke , Zubala Ewelina , Thorning Thomas H. , Quintana Murci Elena , Macedo Eunice
Published: January 2025

Collaborative competence group (CCG) is a research method within the collaborative research tradition. These groups are in line with a co-creation approach in which multiple stakeholders contribute to finding solutions to shared problems. Although CCGs have increased in use over the past decades, research on this method is limited. In this article, we explore and discuss the development and work in CCGs in an Erasmus + founded project: Co-creation through social inclusion in education (COSI.ed). The CCGs have been conducted in five countries over a three-year period: Denmark, Norway, Poland, Portugal and Spain. We have analyzed documents used in the CCG work and focus group discussions among the CCG facilitators. The findings show how it is essential to recruit adequate stakeholders and how the network can contribute as gatekeepers in this identification. Preparation for the CCG meetings is essential, and a close collaboration with the main project team is crucial. A feedback loop is created by requesting feedback from the main project team and bringing back feedback from the CCG discussions. The facilitators experienced that it could be challenging to involve all stakeholders in the discussions. We discuss how it is possible to foster solutions for sustainable CCGs. We also discuss the challenges and possibilities associated with the facilitator role. Moreover, challenges related to the power imbalance are discussed. We conclude that CCGs can be used as a tool for co-creation in collaborative research within a broad range of disciplines.
Endovascular laser fenestration of a frozen elephant trunk stent graft for treatment of chronic cerebral malperfusion
Authors: Shi Richard , Zeigler Sanford Manning , Wooster Mathew David
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Mal-deployment of the thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) stent graft during a frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure for an acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) leads to devastating complications. We report a hemiarch replacement with TEVAR stent graft covering the aortic arch vessels salvaged through an endovascular approach.

Methods

A 69-year-old man with ATAAD in 2018, status post-hemiarch repair with TEVAR, presented in 2023 with progressive dizziness/syncope and lower extremity hypertension with inability to tolerate anti-hypertensives. A CT scan revealed TEVAR stent graft coverage of the brachiocephalic, left common carotid (LCA), and left subclavian artery (LSA), with retrograde flow into the arch vessels through a false lumen fed by a dissection fenestration at the aortic bifurcation. Given an elevated peri-operative death and stroke risk with an open arch revision, we performed an in situ anterograde laser fenestration of his FET with LCA and LSA stenting via the Culotte technique.

Results

On 1 year follow-up, the patient’s dizziness has resolved, and he has maintained normotension via anti-hypertensives.

Conclusion

Laser fenestration and the Culotte technique can be used to salvage a TEVAR causing coverage of the arch vessels, showing that endovascular techniques can be a safe alternative for rescuing mal-positioned FETs.
Improving the Teaching of Artificial Intelligence Through Project-Based Learning on a Board Game
Authors: De Filippo Allegra , Galassi Andrea , Soriani Alessandro , Trisolini Giada , Baldo Federico , Chesani Federico , Mello Paola , Milano Michela
Published: January 2025

Traditional university lessons do not provide students with the opportunity to put theoretical concepts into practice. Project-Based Learning is designed to involve students through the proposition of real-word problems in the form of a project. The main objective of this work is to improve several aspects of the student's learning experience (e.g., their motivation and interest) through practical experience during a master degree course in Artificial Intelligence. We propose an application of Project-Based Learning through the use of a game-based competition. The experience is designed as an activity that takes place in parallel with respect to the usual lessons. Then, we assessed the significance and the impact of this approach, from the educational point of view, through questionnaires proposed to the students involved. The results of a 3-year study involving more than 200 students are positive. Students reacted favorably to the experience: they think this experience improved their knowledge of AI, their motivation, and their skills. The competitive aspect is considered beneficial from multiple perspectives. Finally, the design of the experience seems to be robust and remains effective in a setting of remote lectures.
Ethical, Legal, and Societal Dimensions of AI-Driven Social Robots in Elderly Healthcare
Authors: Vozna Alina , Costantini Stefania
Published: January 2025

AI-driven social robots in elderly healthcare are one of the most important applications to increase the quality of life by promoting activities of daily living, exercises to improve memory and cognitive functioning. On the other hand, these new levels of innovation also raise troubling questions, including those related to ethics, legal compliance, and societal issues with a particular focus around privacy and data security. This paper discusses these dimensions from the point of view of human-robot interaction (HRI) augmented by AI. We review and analyze the literature, regulations, and standards to identify gaps where pragmatic improvements can be instituted, offering guidelines for a responsible ethical implementation of AI-driven social robots assisting the elderly. Additionally, the ethical implications of anthropomorphism, where robots are endowed with human-like traits, are examined, particularly in terms of their emotional impact on users. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and identify areas for improvement, ensuring that the deployment of social robots in elderly care respects ethical standards and complies with regulatory requirements. By addressing these challenges, we can fulfil the positive potential of social robots in improving the quality of life for the elderly.
Contextual maximum speed: Assessing the day-to-day variation in maximal running speed in Australian rules football
Authors: Freeman Brock W. , Smith Nathan D. W. , Mirosevich Thomas J. , Cripps Ashley J.
Published: January 2025

Monitoring sprint distance is commonplace in Australian Rules football (ARF). Thresholds are programmed as a percentage of maximum speed (Vmax), however day-to-day variation has not been considered. The aim of this study was to determine the day-to-day variation in Vmax, jump height, power, and strength in male, talent-identified ARF athletes. Twenty-three male, ARF athletes (age = 16.6 ± 0.64 years, height = 179.4 ± 9.1 cm, mass = 73.4 ± 8.4 kg) completed a countermovement jump, isometric mid-thigh pull, and 40-metre sprint on three occasions within a 7-day period, separated by 48-h recovery periods. Descriptive statistics, repeated measures ANOVAs, and general linear regressions were used to analyze the data. Vmax declined progressively ( ηP2 = 0.586, CV = 5%) between session one (31.8 ± 1.5km⋅h−1), two (30.8 ± 1.2km⋅h−1), and three (30.0 ± 1.3km⋅h−1). No differences were observed for jump height (47.4 ± 5.0 cm), peak force (2981 ± 518N), or net peak force (2047 ± 444N⋅kg−1). Jump height, peak force, and net peak force did not predict Vmax in session 1, session 2, or session 3. Individual changes in Vmax exceeded 5% in 10 instances. The Vmax is outside the typical error for measurement and indicative of the variation in Vmax. The lack of predictive power demonstrated by strength and power variables is evidence of the technical considerations associated with sprinting. Practitioners should consider the variation in Vmax when monitoring training load in field sports. The variation suggests that programming thresholds based upon a single recording of Vmax may incorrectly describe the true amount of high-speed and sprint running completed.
A modified improvised external fixator: the mini-caterpillar
Authors: Fasuyi Joshua , Norton Samuel
Published: January 2025

We present a short report discussing our first-hand experience using a modification of the improvised syringe-barrel external-fixator for hand fractures and its practical advantages in stabilising single bone fixation.
‘I cannot allow myself to focus on a single form of intolerance’: Student health professionals’ encounters with antisemitism in schools
Authors: Karlsson Jennie , Sivenbring Jennie
Published: January 2025

Swedish society faces a concern regarding growing and multifaceted antisemitism. This is evident in schools, with indications of antisemitic views and expressions among students. However, little is known about how school professionals handle antisemitism. This study explores antisemitism from the perspective of professionals in student health teams. It focuses on the encounters with antisemitism in their daily practice and their interpretative repertoires for positioning themselves as professionals counteracting antisemitism. To accomplish this, 12 representatives of student health teams in two upper secondary schools in Sweden were interviewed. Analysis of the data gathered describe these professionals’ encounters with antisemitism in school settings and how they account for their not being involved in preventative or interventional work because of their professional role and conceptualisation of the problem. Furthermore, antisemitism is recognised only when there are potential Jewish victims or potential Muslim perpetrators.
Advancing Monogenic Diabetes Research and Clinical Care by Creating a Data Commons: The Precision Diabetes Consortium (PREDICT)
Authors: McCullough Michael E. , Letourneau-Freiberg Lisa R. , Naylor Rochelle N. , Greeley Siri Atma W. , Broome David T. , Tosur Mustafa , Kreienkamp Raymond J. , Cobry Erin , Rasouli Neda , Pollin Toni I. , Udler Miriam S. , Billings Liana K. , Desouza Cyrus , Evans-Molina Carmella , Birz Suzi , Furner Brian , Watkins Michael , Ott Kaitlyn , Volchenboum Samuel L. , Philipson Louis H.
Published: January 2025

Monogenic diabetes mellitus (MDM) is a group of relatively rare disorders caused by pathogenic variants in key genes that result in hyperglycemia. Lack of identified cases, along with absent data standards, and limited collaboration across institutions have hindered research progress. To address this, the UChicago Monogenic Diabetes Registry (UCMDMR) and UChicago Data for the Common Good (D4CG) created a national consortium of MDM research institutions called the PREcision DIabetes ConsorTium (PREDICT). Following the D4CG model, PREDICT has successfully established a multicenter MDM data commons. PREDICT has created a consensus data dictionary that will be utilized to address critical gaps in understanding of these rare types of diabetes. This approach may be useful for other rare conditions that would benefit from access to harmonized pooled data.
Isolation of a Lauryl Alcohol (1-Dodecanol) from the Antioxidant Bioactive Fractions of Justicia insularis (Acanthaceae) Leaves
Authors: Umoh Romanus Asuquo , Asanga Edet Effiong , Thomas Paul Sunday , Umoh Uwemedimo Francis , Johnny Imoh Imeh , Essiett Uduak Aniesua , Eseyin Olorunfemi Abraham , Joseph Akaninyene
Published: January 2025

Background

Scientific and ethnopharmacological studies have shown that Justicia insularis leaves are used in the treatment of oxidative stress, heart problems, labour pains, and dysmenorrhoea. Therefore, this study was geared towards the investigation of the antioxidant claims of this plant leaves as well as the isolation and characterization of the components responsible for its antioxidant activities.

Method

The leaves of the plant were collected, air-dried, pulverized, and subjected to successive extraction with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol for 72 h; thereafter, the fractions were subjected to in vitro antioxidant assays. The dichloromethane fraction (10 g) that had the best activity underwent thin layer and column chromatography, and the eluents were characterized with spectroscopic techniques (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and EI-MS).

Results

The results obtained showed that the dichloromethane fraction had the best activity in all the assays except for the DPPH-radical scavenging assay. The chromatographic analyses yielded three oily sub-fractions (F1, F7, F8) and one pure compound (JID2) identified as lauryl alcohol (1-dodecanol). The GC-MS analysis of the oils revealed the presence of 1-Nonadecene, 1-Heneicosanol, Octacosanol, phytol, 1,54-dibromo-tetrapentacontane, 1-Eicosanol, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 2-methyltetracosane, and 2,4-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-Phenol with already reported pharmacological activities.

Conclusion

The high levels of antioxidant activity seen in this study could be exclusively attributed to 1-dodecanol or to its beneficial interactions with other substances. (Word counts: 210)
Unlocking the Potential of Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Seeds: How Gamma Radiation Affects Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Lipid Peroxidation
Authors: Altamim Ebtehal A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to enhance the potential health benefits and culinary applications of celery seeds ( Apium graveolens L.) by investigating the effects of gamma radiation on their bioactive compound contents, antioxidant properties, and lipid oxidation. Methods: Celery seeds was exposed to gamma irradiation at doses 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 kGy at a rate of 1.9 kGy/hour. The evaluation included measuring the levels of bioactive compounds, phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, as well as assessing antioxidant activity, (radical inhibition % - DPPH), lipid peroxidation and lower power activity. Data was evaluated statistically to find changes at a significance level of P < .05. Results: The data illustrated the impact of Gamma irradiation on the phenol content, total flavonoids, and tannins in celery seeds powder at different dosage levels. Irradiation increased phenolic content from 8.43 mg/g in non-irradiated sample to 14.19 mg/g at (8 kGy), then decreased to 9.01 mg/g at (16 kGy). Also, the flavonoid content showed significant increase from 4.52 mg/g in non-irradiated sample to 6.26 mg/g at (8 kGy), while decreased to 5.89 mg/g at (16 kGy). Conversely, tannin content decreased continuously from 2.30 mg/g in non-irradiated sample to 1.58 mg/g when irradiated at (16 kGy). The DPPH activity was enhanced by irradiation at doses of 2, 4, 8, and 16 kGy, resulting in percentages of 75.81, 78.48, 84.14, and 86.84% respectively. The amount of lipid peroxidation was significantly affected by irradiation when compared to non-irradiated seeds (4.74 µmol/g). There was a statistically significant increase ( P ≤ .05) with observed values of 5.72, 6.51, 8.73, and 11.03 µmol/g respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significant impact of gamma radiation to enhance the bioactive compound contents in celery seeds, leading to improved antioxidant properties. It also emphasizes the attentive consideration of the irradiation levels to optimize health benefits while minimizing adverse effects.
Treatment of Liver Fibrosis with Chinese Medicines and Extracts: A Review
Authors: Tian Xu-Rong , Wang Ling-Han-Qing , Liu Yang , Ma Jing-jing , Gu Feng
Published: January 2025

Hepatic fibrosis (HF), a global issue that develops gradually during the repeated repair process of chronic liver injury caused by various factors, can progress to irreversible cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there are no approved chemical or biological drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Modern medicine primarily focuses on addressing the underlying causes of liver fibrosis. HF is classified as an accumulative disease in the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic, which is the earliest and most influential extant medical classic in China. Thousands of years of treatment experience have accumulated a large number of effective Chinese medicines. In recent years, studies on the anti-liver fibrosis effects of Chinese medicine have mainly focused on the curative effects of extracts and compounds. Studies have shown that the treatment and prevention of liver fibrosis through Chinese medicine demonstrate a comprehensive pharmacological effect that involves multiple pathways and targets. Therefore, further in-depth research in this field is both promising and necessary. However, it is crucial to expand clinical application studies, as the current research on the anti-liver fibrosis effects of TCM is predominantly limited to laboratory investigations. In this review, we summarized the pharmacological effects, targets and related mechanisms of 13 traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of HF in the past five years, in order to provide comprehensive information for the development of anti-liver fibrosis drugs.
Mortality and functional outcomes in elderly adults treated surgically by hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures
Authors: Ratanpal Ankush , Kamath Katapadi Ramachandra , Salian Preetham Raj V , Baliga Saiprasad Sarvothama , Annappa Rajendra , Banerjee Sayak
Published: January 2025

Background:

Despite multiple studies, less recent literature and data regarding the mortality associated with hip fractures in the elderly population are available.

Objectives:

To assess the mortality data and functional outcomes of patients who underwent cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fractures. To evaluate if preoperative (minimum 2 months) calcium and vitamin D supplement intake in patients affects postoperative mobilization with or without walker support.

Methods:

All patients aged 65 and above who underwent hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in our tertiary care center were included. Postoperative functional outcomes were determined using the Modified Harris Hip score and Oxford Hip score at 3, 6, and 12 months. The mortality of the procedures was assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. Individuals who took both calcium and vitamin D supplements for at least 2 months before surgery were divided into two groups: those who did not take supplements and those who did.

Results:

We studied 110 patients above the age of 65 years. The postoperative mortality rate at 3, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively was found to be 3.6%, 4.7%, and 15.5% respectively. Functional outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively using modified Harris Hip score and Oxford Hip score and were found to be identical in both cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty groups. Patients who took calcium and vitamin D supplements preoperatively (minimum 2 months) could walk without support at the end of 1-year post-surgery.

Conclusion:

Early surgery and early mobilization should be the main aim of treatment for femoral neck fractures.
An immersive virtual reality exergame as a patient education approach in fibromyalgia: Pilot study
Authors: Bardelli Cassandra Lucia , Chittaro Luca , Longhino Simone , Quartuccio Luca
Published: January 2025

Background

Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) has been applied in pain management for various conditions, but its use in fibromyalgia (FM) remains underexplored. While physical activity plays a role in treating FM, patients’ low tolerance often limits its effectiveness. After reviewing the literature on VR and games for FM, we designed a novel VR exergame to assist FM patients in performing physical activity, and evaluate its feasibility.

Materials and Methods

This pilot study involved three female subjects with FM and four healthy female volunteers. The main outcomes included qualitative assessments of exertion, pain levels, psychological states experienced during the VR session, but also device comfort.

Results

Improvements in perceived exertion and pain intensity were observed during the VR exergame session in comparison to pre-exergame levels, along with a reduction in depression, stress and anxiety levels while using the VR immersive system. Most participants experienced also increase of relaxation and positive emotions during the exergame. Only one participant was not able to complete all levels of the exergame due to musculoskeletal pain exacerbation; nevertheless, this patient reported an improvement in motivation and enjoyment during the gameplay. Many participants expressed a greater motivation to perform the exercises in the VR environment compared to traditional training methods.

Conclusion

The proposed VR exergame is a feasible system that might reduce depression, stress and anxiety, while boosting motivation and relaxation in both healthy and FM subjects. A calibration protocol is required to tailor the system to each user's pain levels and physical abilities.
Linking multiple-channel information seeking and lifestyle among Chinese older adults: A moderation and mediation analysis
Authors: Li Qingrui , Wu Yifang , Zhao Xinshu
Published: January 2025

Background

Healthy lifestyle improvement of older Chinese adults has drawn a lot of attention due to an exceeding ageing population in mainland China. The current study aims to investigate the beneficial functions of the multi-channel health information seeking on elders’ lifestyle self-management.

Objective

We conducted a mediation analysis to test the association between multi-channel information seeking behavior and lifestyle self-management, which mediates by perceived self-management competence. Meanwhile, we also test the moderation effect of perceived self-management competence on lifestyle management with motivation for health promotion and prevention as the moderator.

Methods

To examine this mediation and moderation effects, we conducted a quota sampling online survey in mainland China from June 11 to October 12, 2023. The final sample size was 898 Chinese respondents aged 60 or above, with 54.5% male.

Results

Health information seeking using the mHealth app ( bp = .03, 95% CI: [.005, .055]) and social media ( bp = .06, 95% CI: [.031, .086]) is positively associated with lifestyle self-management through perceived self-management competence. While broadcast media ( bp = .01, 95% CI: [−.015, .040]), print media ( bp = .01, 95% CI: [−.015, .026]), and search engine ( bp = .02, 95% CI: [−.006, .043]) show no significant impact on lifestyle management. Furthermore, health promotion and prevention motivation shows a positive moderation effect on perceived self-management competence and lifestyle management.

Conclusions

Our findings show evidence supporting a cognitive mechanism of moderated mediation that links seeking health information to improve LSM in older Chinese adults. It is essential for health self-education and health promotion among older Chinese adults.
eHealth, digital information and technology use of men with prostate cancer
Authors: Jackson Stuart R , Yu Paul , Sowter Steven , Occhipinti Stefano , Chambers Suzanne , Leslie Scott , Patel Manish I
Published: January 2025

Background

The investigation of digital information sources and technologies specifically used by men with prostate cancer is scarce. This study seeks to address current gaps in the literature by investigating prostate cancer–specific internet and technology use by men with prostate cancer and factors associated with this use.

Methods

Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in three Australian urology clinics (local in Sydney, Western Sydney and Murrumbidgee) in 2023. Data analysis included descriptive and bivariate analysis. Chi square tests of independence, Mann–Whitney U tests and Fischer exact tests were used to assess demographic, prostate cancer-specific and psychometric variables with prostate cancer-specific usage of each website, social media and technology type.

Results

A total of 349 men responded. Mean age of respondents was 69.6 years (SD 7.8). 74.5% ( n = 260) had undergone radical prostatectomy, while 10% ( n = 35) reported locally advanced/metastatic disease. Information websites were used by 77.7% ( n = 271) of men. Social media was used by 37% ( n = 129), and total internet use was 79.1% ( n = 276). Younger age, higher education and higher income were commonly associated with a greater extent of use of information source and technology types. High variability in usage and factor association was demonstrated between and within analysed group categories.

Conclusions

Men with prostate cancer use a broad variety of digital information sources and technologies to access prostate cancer information at a higher rate than ever before. This work stresses the significant variability in the extent of use which men demonstrate among these resources and the factors which may play a role in this behaviour.
The Effect of Denosumab on Pain and Radiological Improvement in Giant Cell Tumours of the Spine in the Acute Setting
Authors: Beresford-Cleary Nicolas , Dandurand Charlotte , Mawhinney Gerard , Kaiser Radek , Alageel Musab , Reynolds Jeremy
Published: January 2025

Study Design

Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives

The current recommended treatment for Giant Cell Tumour (GCT) of the spine is en bloc excision. Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody reducing osteoclast activity that shows promising results when used as a neo – adjuvant treatment. However, the current literature remains limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of denosumab on tumour characteristics and symptom relief in the acute phase of treatment of spinal GCT.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 16 patients treated with denosumab as neo-adjuvant and stand - alone treatment. MRI and PET tumour characteristics were taken before and after treatment and patients were interviewed for subjective pain responses.

Results

Following treatment, all patients showed improvement of pain, of which 68.7% of patients were pain free with 43.75% noting improvement within 48 hours. Mean relative volumetric reduction in tumour volume was 37.3% ( P < .001). Eight patients showed high grade of Bilsky classification (Epidural spinal cord compression scale - ESCC) with seven of them showing significant improvement to low grade of ESCC ( P = .016). Median baseline PET Standardised Uptake Value (SUV)max was 14.57 and post treatment was 4.8 ( P < .001).

Conclusions

This study provides necessary insight to the limited literature on the use of denosumab for spinal GCT in the acute phase. The clinical and radiographic responses observed demonstrate the critical role that neo-adjuvant denosumab has by reducing the tumour burden around critical adjacent neurovascular structures before eventual resection, significant pain improvement even with presence of fractured vertebra.
Desistance habitus: Strategically Using experience in practice
Authors: Brierley Andi , Best David
Published: January 2025

This article introduces the forward-thinking concept of desistance habitus. The analysis and approach are situated within an auto-ethnographical embodied insider experience of navigating both persistent criminality and the revolving door of incarceration through to the transition into employment within statutory youth justice services. The auto-ethnographic analysis is posited within Bourdieu's conceptual frameworks of habitus, capital, field, and doxa to analyse the relational dynamic that underpins the axiomatic understanding of many peer mentors when they work with mentees in the criminal justice system. It is argued through lived experience that these constructs provide an innovative approach to explore how legitimacy is obtained through the strategic use of habitus within the relational dynamic between those involved in the criminal justice system – persistent offenders – and criminal justice professionals who have been exposed to similar lived experiences of persistent crime and punishment. This method of analysis is lacking within the limited criminological investigation that has taken place on peer mentors in criminal justice practice. The data suggests that both street and carceral experiences can engender legitimacy and credibility which generates the ability to promote desistance pathways as a strategic tool within criminal justice practice.
Comprehending the effect of printing orientation on the mechanical performance of polyamide-reinforced carbon fibre composites
Authors: Mohd Radzuan Nabilah Afiqah , Mohd Foudzi Farhana , Sulong Abu Bakar , Furjan M
Published: January 2025

Numerous studies have investigated polymeric composites fabricated using fused deposition modelling. However, the mechanical performance of these composites, which is influenced by various factors, including materials and printing parameters, remains unknown. Further understanding these factors helps improve the accuracy of mechanical performance predictions. Therefore, this study fabricates in-house polyamide reinforced with carbon fibre at a composition of 20 wt.% and controls its printing parameters, including layer height and printing orientations. Results indicated that controlling the orientation at a 0° angle are the most crucial factor compared to layer height, which leads to a maximum flexural strength of ∼21 MPa due to improvements in load-bearing capacity and adhesion bonding between the fibre and matrix.
Personality research in Lebanon: Personal reflections on challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sanchez-Ruiz Maria-Jose , Khalaf Tatiana , Tadros Natalie
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we seek to answer the question: “What is it like to do personality science in Lebanon?” Sharing our personal experiences, we reflect on the challenges and opportunities related to personality research in Lebanon, a Middle Eastern Arab country with a turbulent context. First, we discuss barriers to personality research that we have faced in Lebanon (e.g., scarce opportunities and technical resources to conduct research, the limited number of academics specialized in a particular research area, lack of national efforts to coordinate personality psychology research, limited funding opportunities, and economic and financial challenges, among others). We also present our personality research in Lebanon, particularly on trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), which has recently led to the implementation of Yes to Emotions in Youth, an impactful project funded by Grand Challenges Canada, aiming at developing trait EI and fostering mental health among vulnerable Lebanese youth in public schools. Finally, we offer recommendations based on our experiences, emphasizing areas for growth and opportunity despite the constraints.
Failure to repair damaged NAD(P)H blocks de novo serine synthesis in human cells
Authors: Walvekar Adhish S. , Warmoes Marc , Cheung Dean , Sikora Tim , Seyedkatouli Najmesadat , Gomez-Giro Gemma , Perrone Sebastian , Dengler Lisa , Unger François , Santos Bruno F. R. , Gavotto Floriane , Dong Xiangyi , Becker-Kettern Julia , Kwon Yong-Jun , Jäger Christian , Schwamborn Jens C. , Van Bergen Nicole J. , Christodoulou John , Linster Carole L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Metabolism is error prone. For instance, the reduced forms of the central metabolic cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), can be converted into redox-inactive products, NADHX and NADPHX, through enzymatically catalyzed or spontaneous hydration. The metabolite repair enzymes NAXD and NAXE convert these damaged compounds back to the functional NAD(P)H cofactors. Pathogenic loss-of-function variants in NAXE and NAXD lead to development of the neurometabolic disorders progressive, early-onset encephalopathy with brain edema and/or leukoencephalopathy (PEBEL)1 and PEBEL2, respectively.

Methods

To gain insights into the molecular disease mechanisms, we investigated the metabolic impact of NAXD deficiency in human cell models. Control and NAXD-deficient cells were cultivated under different conditions, followed by cell viability and mitochondrial function assays as well as metabolomic analyses without or with stable isotope labeling. Enzymatic assays with purified recombinant proteins were performed to confirm molecular mechanisms suggested by the cell culture experiments.

Results

HAP1 NAXD knockout (NAXDko) cells showed growth impairment specifically in a basal medium containing galactose instead of glucose. Surprisingly, the galactose-grown NAXDko cells displayed only subtle signs of mitochondrial impairment, whereas metabolomic analyses revealed a strong inhibition of the cytosolic, de novo serine synthesis pathway in those cells as well as in NAXD patient-derived fibroblasts. We identified inhibition of 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase as the root cause for this metabolic perturbation. The NAD precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) and inosine exerted beneficial effects on HAP1 cell viability under galactose stress, with more pronounced effects in NAXDko cells. Metabolomic profiling in supplemented cells indicated that NR and inosine act via different mechanisms that at least partially involve the serine synthesis pathway.

Conclusions

Taken together, our study identifies a metabolic vulnerability in NAXD-deficient cells that can be targeted by small molecules such as NR or inosine, opening perspectives in the search for mechanism-based therapeutic interventions in PEBEL disorders.

Graphical Abstract
Mining functional gene modules by multi-view NMF of phenome-genome association
Authors: Jin Xu , He WenQian , Liu MingMing , Wang Lin , Zhang YaoGong , Xu YingJie , Ma Ling , Huang YaLou , Xie MaoQiang
Published: January 2025

Background

Mining functional gene modules from genomic data is an important step to detect gene members of pathways or other relations such as protein-protein interactions. This work explores the plausibility of detecting functional gene modules by factorizing gene-phenotype association matrix from the phenotype ontology data rather than the conventionally used gene expression data. Recently, the hierarchical structure of phenotype ontologies has not been sufficiently utilized in gene clustering while functionally related genes are consistently associated with phenotypes on the same path in phenotype ontologies.

Results

This work demonstrates a hierarchical Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) framework, called Consistent Multi-view Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (CMNMF), which factorizes genome-phenome association matrix at consecutive levels of the hierarchical structure in phenotype ontology to mine functional gene modules. CMNMF constrains the gene clusters from the association matrices at two consecutive levels to be consistent since the genes are annotated with both the child-level phenotypes and the parent-level phenotypes in two levels. CMNMF also restricts the identified gene clusters to be densely connected in the phenotype ontology hierarchy. In the experiments on mining functionally related genes from mouse phenotype ontology and human phenotype ontology, CMNMF effectively improves clustering performance over the baseline methods. Gene ontology enrichment analysis is also conducted to verify its practical effectiveness to reveal meaningful gene modules.

Conclusions

Utilizing the information in the hierarchical structure of phenotype ontology, CMNMF can identify functional gene modules with more biological significance than conventional methods. CMNMF can also be a better tool for predicting members of gene pathways and protein-protein interactions.
Management of acute myocardial infarction in chronic kidney disease in Germany: an observational study
Authors: Walendy Victor , Stang Andreas , Girndt Matthias
Published: January 2025

Background

Managing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease on dialysis (renal replacement therapy, RRT) presents challenges due to elevated complication risks. Concerns about contrast-related kidney damage may lead to the omission of guideline-directed therapies like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in this population.

Methods

We analysed German-DRG data of 2016 provided by the German Federal Bureau of Statistics (DESTATIS). We included cases with a primary diagnosis of AMI (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) or Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) ICD-10: I21 or I22) with and without CKD or RRT. We calculated crude- and age-standardized hospitalization rates (ASR, per 100,000 person years). Furthermore, we calculated log-binominal regression models adjusting for sex, CKD, RRT, comorbidities, and place of residence to estimate adjusted relative-risks (aRR) for receiving treatments of interest in AMI, such as PCI or CABG.

Results

We identified 217,514 AMI-cases (69,728 STEMI-cases and 147,786 NSTEMI-cases). AMI-cases without CKD had percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 60.8%. In contrast, AMI-cases with CKD or RRT had PCI in 46.6% and 54.5%, respectively. The ASR for AMI-cases amounted to 184.7 (95%CI 183.5-185.8) per 100,000 person years. In regression analysis AMI-cases with CKD were less likely treated with PCI (aRR: 0.89 (95%CI 0.88–0.90)), compared to cases without CKD. AMI-Cases with RRT showed no difference in PCI rates (aRR: 1.0 (95%CI 0.97–1.03)) but were more frequently treated with CABG (aRR: 2.20 (95%CI 2.03–2.39)). Conversely, CKD was negatively associated with CABG (aRR: 0.71, 95%CI 0.67–0.75) when non-CKD cases were used as the reference group.

Conclusion

We show that AMI-cases with CKD underwent PCI less frequently, while RRT has no discernible impact on PCI utilization in AMI. Furthermore, AMI-cases with RRT exhibited a higher CABG rate.
Cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID 19 pandemic in geographically diverse samples across the US
Authors: Greteman Breanna B. , Cole Allison , Charlton Mary E. , Shannon Jackilen , Kepka Deanna , Paskett Electra D. , Borrayo Evelinn A. , Studts Jamie L. , Thompson Hayley S. , Scarinci Isabel , Hinton Lynn Chollet , Chrischilles Elizabeth A. , Garcia-Auguste Crystal J. , Christini Kaila , Aker Heather , Plascak Jesse J. , Harper Felicity W. K. , Baskin Monica L. , Bae Sejong , Pandya Vishruti , Kim Young-il , Faseru Babalola , Befort Christie , Kuo Hanluen , Dignan Mark , Canedo Juan , Champion Victoria , Drake Bettina F. , Davis Kia L. , Friedman Debra L. , Elsaid Mohamed I. , Mama Scherezade K. , Cohn Wendy F.
Published: January 2025

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic involved business closures (e.g., gyms), social distancing policies, and prolonged stressful situations that may have impacted engagement in health behaviors. Our study assessed changes in cancer-related health behaviors during the pandemic, specifically physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake, smoking/tobacco use, and alcohol consumption.

Methods

Eight cancer centers administered mailed/web-based/telephone surveys between June 2020 and March 2021. Surveys assessed demographics, perceptions on social distancing, and self-reported changes of behaviors (less/same/more) associated with cancer prevention or risk, e.g., physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake, tobacco/smoking use, and alcohol consumption. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models assessed association of variables with behavior change.

Results

Most of the 21,911 respondents reported adhering to at least 4(of 5) social distancing measures (72%) and indicated social distancing was very/somewhat important to prevent the spread of COVID-19 (91%). 35% of respondents reported less physical activity, 11% reported less fruit/vegetable intake, 27% reported more smoking/tobacco use (among those who used tobacco/smoking products in past 30 days), and 23% reported more alcohol consumption (among those who reported at least 1 drink in past 30 days) than before the pandemic. Urban residence, younger age, female gender, and worse general health were associated with less physical activity, less fruit/vegetable intake, more smoking/tobacco use, and more alcohol intake. Higher educational attainment was associated with less physical activity and fruit/vegetable intake and more alcohol consumption. Reporting social distancing as important and adhering to more COVID-19 safety practices were associated with less physical activity and more alcohol consumption.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that certain demographics and those who adhered to social distancing measures were more likely to self-report unfavorable changes in health behaviors during the pandemic. Future studies should examine if the behaviors returned to baseline following relief from pandemic restrictions, and if these behavior changes are associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality.
Effects of the MyBFF@school program on anthropometry and body composition among overweight and obese adolescent schoolchildren
Authors: Kamil Nur Zati Iwani Ahmad , Mokhtar Abdul Halim , Yahya Abqariyah , Zain Fuziah Md. , Selamat Rusidah , Ishak Zahari , Jalaludin Muhammad Yazid
Published: January 2025

Background

Effective and feasible large-scale interventions are urgently needed to reverse the current rise in childhood obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention program, MyBFF@school, on anthropometric indices and body composition metrics among overweight and obese adolescent schoolchildren in Malaysia.

Methods

This is a cluster randomized controlled trial which involved schoolchildren aged 13, 14 and 16 years old from 15 out of 415 government secondary schools in central Peninsular Malaysia which were randomly assigned into six intervention (N = 579 schoolchildren) and nine control (N = 462 schoolchildren).The intervention group followed MyBFF@school program carried out by trained personnel for 6 month while the control group only followed the existing school curriculum by the Ministry of Education. The primary outcomes presented in this study were body mass index adjusted for age (BMI z-score), waist circumference (WC), percentage body fat (PBF) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM), measured at baseline, three and six months. Analyses of all outcomes except for the baseline characteristics were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. Mixed linear models adjusted for baseline outcome value and gender were used to evaluate the effectiveness after three and six months of intervention.

Results

Overall, there was no significant difference in the mean difference (MD) of BMI z-score (MD = 0.05, Confident Interval (95%CI: -0.077 to 0.194), WC (MD = 0.437, (95%CI:-3.64 to 0.892), PBF (MD = 0.977,95%CI:-1.04 to 3.0) and SMM (MD = 0.615,95%CI:-2.14,0.91) between the intervention and control group after 6 months of intervention after controlling for outcomes measured at baseline and gender.

Conclusions

Although the MyBFF@school programme appeared promising in engaging children and promoting awareness of healthy behaviors, it did not lead to significant improvements in the anthropometric outcomes. Possible reasons for the lack of effectiveness could include the need for more intensive or targeted interventions, parental involvement, or challenges in sustaining behavior changes outside of school settings.

Trial registration

Clinical trial number: NCT04155255, November 7, 2019 (Retrospective registered). National Medical Research Register: NMRR-13-439-16,563. Registered July 23, 2013. The intervention program was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health Malaysia and Educational Planning and Research Division (EPRD), Ministry of Education Malaysia. It was funded by the Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for medical applications
Authors: Maneira Carla , Chamas Alexandre , Lackner Gerald
Published: January 2025

Background

During the last decades, the advancements in synthetic biology opened the doors for a profusion of cost-effective, fast, and ecologically friendly medical applications priorly unimaginable. Following the trend, the genetic engineering of the baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, propelled its status from an instrumental ally in the food industry to a therapy and prophylaxis aid.

Main text

In this review, we scrutinize the main applications of engineered S. cerevisiae in the medical field focusing on its use as a cell factory for pharmaceuticals and vaccines, a biosensor for diagnostic and biomimetic assays, and as a live biotherapeutic product for the smart in situ treatment of intestinal ailments. An extensive view of these fields' academic and commercial developments as well as main hindrances is presented.

Conclusion

Although the field still faces challenges, the development of yeast-based medical applications is often considered a success story. The rapid advances in synthetic biology strongly support the case for a future where engineered yeasts play an important role in medicine.