bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Analysis of Coxsackievirus B2 Associated With Severe Symptoms of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Fratty Ilana S. , Kriger Or , Weiss Leah , Vasserman Rinat , Gabai Reut , Erster Oran , S. Zuckerman Neta , Glatman‐Freedman Aharona , Lustig Yaniv , Sofer Danit , Weil Merav
Published: November 2024

Coxsackievirus B2 (CVB2) is a member of the enterovirus group known to induce a spectrum of illnesses, from mild to severe. In the summer of 2022, an unusual outbreak of enteroviral central nervous system (CNS) infections occurred that was attributed to CVB2. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from patients in 2015–2022 were tested for enterovirus via RT‐PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing for positive cases. CVB2 samples were further sequenced in the P1 region using NGS. A total of 30 CSF samples were identified as CVB2, with 60% of these cases occurring between June and August 2022. The 2022 CVB2 variants were associated with severe clinical symptoms, including encephalitis (50%) and ataxia (27.8%). Samples from 2015 to 2020 were also included due to the absence of these symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CVB2 strains from 2019 to 2020 were also distinct from those obtained in 2022. Amino acid analysis of the capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 identified three unique substitutions with potential antigenic significance in the 2022 variant: S67A in VP2, and T93A and E274D in VP1. These substitutions were not present in earlier strains or reported in the literature, suggesting they may influence the virus's virulence. The clinical observations from this study highlight new patterns of CVB2 infection in the CNS that had not been previously observed. Additionally, it identifies unique genetic changes in the 2022 CVB2 variant that may account for the increased virulence seen in the 2022 outbreak. However, further analysis is required to validate this assumption.
Reusable nontoxic pyrimidine‐based oleogelators: Phase selectivity and nanostructured structuring
Authors: Das Siddhartha , Khan Meheboob , Roy Aparna , Roy Sumita , Dey Surya Kanta , Choudhury Sujata Maiti
Published: November 2024

Over the last few decades, scientists have been working hard to produce edible structural agents those can be used in food, cosmetics, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. The supramolecular assembly of simple amphiphiles in presence of edible oil is the most ideal system for this purpose because the system has no harmful health consequences. We have attempted to address the aforementioned implications in this article by synthesizing a novel class of structuring agents 2‐alkyl amino pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acid amphiphiles named 2‐decylamino‐pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (DPCA), 2‐dodecylamino‐ pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (DDPCA) and 2‐tetradecylamino‐pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (TDPCA), using simple procedure. To our delight, the prepared amphiphiles self‐assemble to a gel matrix in various vegetable oils and mineral oils. Microscopic analyses were used to investigate the nanostructured morphology of molecular gels. Rheological studies revealed that oleogels are mechanically processable and viscoelastic. Temperature dependent and concentration dependent proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) studies were performed to analyze the hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. The study discovered that gelators act as reusable phase selective gelators (PSG) of oil in water–oil mixture. The (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay has proven that the synthetic oleogelators are nontoxic.
The Presence of Pigment Incontinence in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma
Authors: Mandloi Shreya , Gargano Stacey Mardekian , Duffy Alexander N. , Benedict Peter A. , Shing Samuel R. , Kahn Chase , Hannikainen Paavali , Pineda‐Reyes Juan Pablo , Bray David , Toskala Elina M. , Rabinowitz Mindy , Rosen Marc , Farrell Christopher , Evans James J. , Nyquist Gurston G.
Published: November 2024

Background

Regression is an immunological phenomenon described in cutaneous melanoma whereby tumor is replaced with tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, granulation tissue, and mature fibroblasts often accompanied by pigment incontinence (accumulation of melanin in the upper dermis). Pigment incontinence results in grossly pigmented lesions that may be mistaken for viable tumor and has not been described in sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM). This study investigates the presence of regression and pigment incontinence in patients with SNMM.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted on SNMM patients from 2007 to 2023. Pathology slides from surgical resection were examined by two pathologists blinded to treatment information for the presence and extent of pigment‐laden macrophages and other histopathologic features of regression.

Results

Seventeen patients with SNMM were included in this study who underwent surgical resection. Three patients received neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgical resection. Regression was present in 94% of patients and pigment incontinence was present in 65% of patients and occurred in both neoadjuvant treated patients and treatment naïve patients. All three patients with neoadjuvant treatment had evidence of pigment incontinence.

Discussion

This study highlights that SNMM often displays characteristics of regression. This study is one of the first to describe the presence of pigment incontinence in patients with SNMM. Pigment incontinence can be a part of the natural tumor life cycle and grossly pigmented lesions could easily be confused for melanoma especially after neoadjuvant therapy. Developing an understanding of regression and pigment incontinence within SNMM is important for diagnosis and clinical management.

Level of Evidence

IV Laryngoscope, 2024
Angle‐Based Neuromorphic Wave Normal Sensing
Authors: Wang Chutian , Zhu Shuo , Zhang Pei , Wang Kaiqiang , Huang Jianqing , Lam Edmund Y.
Published: November 2024

Angle‐based wavefront sensing has a rich historical background in measuring optical aberrations. The Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor is widely employed in adaptive optics systems due to its high optical efficiency and high robustness. However, simultaneously achieving high sensitivity and large dynamic range is still challenging, limiting the performance of diagnosing fast‐changing turbulence. To overcome this limitation, angle‐based neuromorphic wave normal sensing, which serves as a differentiable framework developed on the asynchronous event modality is proposed. Herein, it is illustrated that the emerging computational neuromorphic imaging paradigm enables a direct perception of a high‐dimensional wave normal from the highly efficient temporal diversity measurement. To the best of available knowledge, the proposed scheme is the first to successfully surpass the spot‐overlapping issue caused by the curvature constraint in classical angle‐based wavefront sensing setups under challenging dynamic scenarios.
Efficient and Stable Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Trilayer PIN Architecture
Authors: Wang Zhe , Yang Dawei , Zou Bingsuo , Chen Shuming , Zhang Heng
Published: November 2024

Although the performance of quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) has been greatly improved in recent years, the multilayer device structure has become increasingly complex, limiting the practical application of QLEDs. Here, a novel trilayer PIN QLED with only three functional layers, which are Spiro‐OMeTAD:TFB bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) hole transport layer (HTL), quantum‐dot emitting layer and ZnMgO electron transport layer is demonstrated. Due to the enhanced hole injection capability and suppressed electron leakage of Spiro‐OMeTAD:TFB BHJ HTL, the trilayer PIN QLED can show an excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.1% and an impressive brightness of 299300 cd m−2 at only 8 V, which are significantly higher than those of conventional QLED. Moreover, the device stability is also remarkably improved due to the mitigation of hole accumulation and removal of unstable PEDOT:PSS. By using liquid alloy EGaIn as cathode, a fully solution‐processed vacuum‐free trilayer PIN QLED with a higher EQE of 27.3% can be further realized. The developed trilayer PIN QLEDs, with better performance and fewer functional layers, can promote the commercialization of QLED technology.
Brief CBT for suicide prevention, delivered remotely, can reduce suicide attempts
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2024

Brief cognitive behavioral therapy (BCBT) delivered remotely to patients — historically, considered high‐risk and inappropriate candidates for virtual therapy — reveals that therapists can see these patients safely and effectively via video telehealth, say researchers of the first‐ever randomized clinical trial using telehealth for suicide prevention.
Youth MH among key topics in 2025 legislative sessions
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2024

The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) last week released a new report citing such legislative concerns for the new year as the health workforce and youth mental health, Medicaid, artificial intelligence and prescription drugs. All are key topics NCSL's policy experts anticipate will occupy state lawmakers' time in 2025 legislative sessions.
Population‐Based Survey of Urinary Incontinence, Overactive Bladder, and Other Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Five Developing Countries: Results of the BEBIC Study
Authors: Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Gomes Cristiano M. , Farhadi Fereshteh , Khan Hasina Sadia , Sadeghi‐Bazarghani Homayoun , Mourad Sherif , Dias Luiz , Alflen Maico P. , Falone Joao C. , Zargham Mahtab , Mbassi Achille Aurelien , Pourmomeny Abbasali , Alineghad Farbod , Ashayeri Hamidreza , Daneshpajooh Azar , Tayebi Sona , Salehi‐Pourmehr Hanieh
Published: November 2024

Background and Objective

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in five selected low and middle‐income countries to provide appropriate evidence for other related studies.

Materials and Methods

In this multinational population‐based cross‐sectional survey between August 2019 and April 2021, validated questionnaires were used to assess LUTS in adults over 18 years from Iran, Egypt, Bangladesh, Brazil, and Cameroon.

Results

A total of 1477 participants from five countries completed the questionnaires. The mean age of participants was 43.5 ± 15.7 years. 37.1% reported at least one episode of UI per week. UUI prevalence in different countries analysis showed that the commonest prevalence was reported in Cameron (40.0%; n = 30), while the lowest was 15.0% (n = 31) in Brazil. Stress UI was common in Iran (38.7%; n = 338), and Bangladesh had the lowest rate (7.8%; n = 16). Urinary urgency was the common LUTS among participants (59.9%, n = 818 out of 1477 participants). Nocturia was the other prevalent symptom among cases (50.6%; 748 out of 1477 cases), and this symptom had a higher rate in elderly populations. Men reported voiding and postmicturition symptoms more frequently than women. Storage symptoms except for nocturia, including frequency, urgency, and UI were common in women while voiding symptoms, including straining, and intermittency were reported more frequently in men than women.

Conclusion

A high prevalence of urinary symptoms was reported in low to middle‐income countries.
Multi‐scale damage analysis of filament‐wound carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites for hydrogen storage tanks under high strain rates
Authors: Shirinbayan Mohammadali , Feki Imen , Nouira Samia , Bi Robert Tie , Maeso Jean‐Baptiste , Thomas Cedric , Fitoussi Joseph
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites, specifically in the context of lightweight hydrogen storage pressure vessels manufactured by the filament winding process. The filament winding technique often introduces variability in fiber orientation and porosity which can lead to inconsistencies in mechanical properties. By investigating the influence of dynamic loading over a range of strain rates, from quasi‐static to 100 s−1, this research aims to understand the effects of different fiber orientations (±15° and ±30°) and multilayer structures on the performance of these composites. Using a custom‐designed Interrupted Dynamic Tensile Test (IDTT) apparatus, we investigated how damage mechanisms evolve during rapid tensile deformation. The results showed that porosity has a significant impact on mechanical performance, particularly at high strain rates, where cracks initiate at pores and propagate via fiber/matrix decohesion and fiber breakage. These microstructural defects contribute to mesoscopic failure mechanisms such as transverse cracking and micro‐delamination between composite layers. The mechanical properties were found to be strain rate sensitive, with visco‐damage phenomena playing a critical role in determining the damage evolution under dynamic loading. These findings provide important insights into the design and optimization of hydrogen storage vessels, highlighting the importance of controlling porosity and understanding the response of the composite to varying strain rates for improved durability and performance.

Highlights

Comprehensive analysis of dynamic loading.

Influence of fiber orientation and porosity on mechanical integrity.

Visco‐damage and failure mechanisms under high strain rates.
External evaluation of neonatal vancomycin population pharmacokinetic models: Moving from first‐order equations to Bayesian‐guided therapeutic monitoring
Authors: Blouin Mathieu , Métras Marie‐Élaine , Gaudreault Camille , Dubé Marie‐Hélène , Boulanger Marie‐Christine , Cloutier Karine , El Hassani Mehdi , Yaliniz Aysenur , Viel‐Thériault Isabelle , Marsot Amélie
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Guidelines for vancomycin therapeutic monitoring recommend using a Bayesian approach with a population pharmacokinetic model to estimate the 24 h area under the concentration‐time curve over first‐order equations. Thus, we performed an external evaluation of population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in neonates and compared Bayesian results with those observed in clinical practice via pharmacokinetic equations to improve therapeutic monitoring by proposing optimized initial dosing nomograms and assessing the feasibility of reduced blood sampling strategies using the most predictive models.

Methods

Models were identified from the literature and evaluated via an external neonatal population. A priori predictive performance was first assessed by prediction‐based diagnostics, then by simulation‐based diagnostics and a posteriori analyses only if deemed satisfactory; model‐informed vancomycin exposure was also compared with reference first‐order pharmacokinetic equations. The best‐performing models were ultimately subjected to Monte Carlo simulations to develop new initial dosing nomograms offering the highest probability of achieving therapeutic target.

Results

A total of 28 population pharmacokinetic models were evaluated in the external dataset, which includes 72 neonates and 380 vancomycin concentrations. Eleven models had an adequate predictive performance with bias ≤ ± 15% and imprecision 30%, while the Bayesian approach yielded over 75% agreement with reference exposure values in most cases. Nonetheless, Capparelli et al. and Mehrotra et al. models performed the best overall, showing the lowest imprecisions of 16.8% and 16.9%, respectively; both models recommended higher dosage regimens than the theoretical nomogram currently applied to favor therapeutic target attainment.

Discussion

We externally evaluated numerous neonatal population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin and used the most predictive ones to advocate new initial dosing nomograms. Clinical implementation of the Bayesian approach could reduce the time needed to reach therapeutic target and limit the number of blood samples in newborns compared with traditional pharmacokinetic equations.
Base Rates of Non‐Proficiency in Reading and Math: Implications for Universal Screening
Authors: Klingbeil David A. , Latham Alexander D. , Kim Jessica S. , Schmitt Madeline C.
Published: November 2024

Several researchers have called for schools to interpret universal screening results using posterior probabilities. Following this recommendation could require schools to move away from direct‐route, single‐measure screening unless base rates of risk fall within a narrow range. In this descriptive study, we investigated two questions surrounding the feasibility of adopting a probability‐based approach in schools. First, how many districts had base rates of risk that would allow educators to classify all students using a single screener? Second, to what extent would yearly fluctuation in base rates require planned flexibility in screening procedures? We used public state test data to estimate base rates of risk for each district in Florida, Oregon, and Wisconsin across four school years. Districts' base rates of risk were rarely within the required range for a single screener to classify all students based on posterior probabilities. Many districts had base rates conducive to direct route screening in at least 1 year but very few had base rates in the required zone across the 4 years. Using posterior probabilities to make screening decisions may require more changes to existing practices than simply interpreting screening results as probabilities. Additional research to promote the use of this approach in schools is needed.
Reduction of pesticide dosage and off‐target drift with enhanced control efficacy in unmanned aerial vehicle‐based application using lecithin adjuvants
Authors: Baek Jae‐Woon , Eun Hye‐Ran , Kim So‐Hee , Lee Yoon‐Hee , Jeong Mun‐Ju , Han Xiongzhe , Min Yi‐Gi , Noh Hyun Ho , Shin Yongho
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in precision agriculture, particularly for pesticide application in rice cultivation. One challenge is off‐target pesticide drift, which raises environmental concerns and reduces pesticide efficiency. Lecithin adjuvants have been suggested to enhance droplet stability, reduce drift, and improve control efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of lecithin adjuvants in reducing pesticide drift and improving deposition during UAV‐based pesticide application under various paddy field conditions.

RESULTS

The addition of 1% lecithin adjuvants in 75% dosage of tricyclazole and ferimzone dual active ingredient formulations reduced off‐target drift by 2.62 to 3.16 times compared to the 100% and 75% dosage of standard formulations, with deposition efficiency along the spray path increasing by up to 155%. Wind direction and speed were found to be the primary environmental factor affecting deposition efficiency and drift rate. The control efficacy against leaf blast disease was significantly improved, with a maximum efficacy of 73.7% observed in the adjuvant‐treated group. Initial pesticide residues on rice plants were the highest in treatments with adjuvants, but their harvest products, brown rice and dried straw, were still within safe limits for human consumption.

CONCLUSION

Lecithin adjuvants significantly reduce off‐target drift and enhance pesticide deposition during UAV‐based application. This method allowed for lower pesticide dosages without compromising control efficacy, contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices. These findings highlight the potential of adjuvants to improve UAV pesticide application and reduce the environmental impact of pesticide use. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etching of (−201) β‐Ga2O3 Nano‐Fins
Authors: Maciel García Glen Isaac , Khandelwal Vishal , Lu Yi , Yuvaraja Saravanan , Li Xiaohang
Published: November 2024

This study reports the effect of inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching using a BCl3/Ar gas mixture on the sidewall taper angle (STA), etch rate, and surface morphology of (−201) β‐Ga2O3 substrates, as well as (−201)‐oriented β‐Ga2O3 films on sapphire, for nano‐fins of ≈200 nm width. Various etch parameters are systematically investigated for the β‐Ga2O3 films on sapphire, revealing that the STA is lower at high plasma density when chemical component increases, and the ion scattering decreases; achieving a STA of 1.5° ± 0.7°, accompanied by an etch rate of 114 nm min−1 and a reduction in surface roughness compared to before etching. Additionally, a strong positive correlation between the STA and the crystal orientation in the β‐Ga2O3 substrates is observed at lower plasma density, while a weak correlation is found between the STA and the crystal orientation at high plasma density. This study provides valuable insights for the fabrication of β‐Ga2O3 devices.
Method to Estimate Dislocation Densities from Images of α‐Ga2O3‐Based Corundum Oxides Using the Computer Vision YOLO Algorithm
Authors: Dang Giang T. , Kawaharamura Toshiyuki , Allen Martin W.
Published: November 2024

This work applies the computer vision “You only look once” (YOLO) algorithm to extract bounding boxes around dislocations in weak‐beam dark‐field transmission electron microscopy (WBDF TEM) images of semiconductor thin films. A formula is derived to relate the sum of the relative heights of the bounding boxes to the dislocation densities in the films. WBDF TEM images reported in the literature and taken from our α‐Ga2O3 samples are divided into train, evaluation, and test datasets. Different models are trained using the train dataset and evaluated using the evaluation dataset to find the best confidence values, which are used to select the best model based on the performance against the test data set. For α‐Ga2O3 thin films, dislocation density output by this model is on average ≈58% of those estimated by the traditional Ham method. A factor of 4/π may contribute to the systematic underestimation of the model versus the Ham method.
Damage Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of DD6 Single‐Crystal Alloy Based on Crystal Plasticity Theory under Uniaxial Tensile Conditions
Authors: Yang Xianliang , You Mengchun , Jia You , Liu Erqiang , Hao Xin , Xiao Gesheng , Lin Jinbao
Published: November 2024

Herein, the mechanical behavior and damage characteristics of DD6 nickel‐based single crystal alloy under different crystal orientation conditions are studied based on the theory of crystal plasticity coupled with damage constitutive equations using the crystal plasticity finite‐element method. The results indicate that the crystal plastic finite‐element model coupled with damage constitutive equations can well describe the entire deformation process from elasticity to damage. Under the reference orientation condition, the damage starts from the center position inside the test specimen and extends to the surrounding areas. The stress value in the damaged area decreases gradually from the periphery to the center of the test specimen, and an external stress reduction zone is formed. The crystal exhibits the best elasticity properties in the [0, 1, 1] orientation and the best plasticity properties in the [0, tan22.5°, 1] orientation. As the rotation angle of crystal orientation increases, the damage zones of X‐Z, Z‐Y, and X‐Y sections all exhibit clockwise rotation characteristics.
A Comparative Study of Green and Chemically Prepared PEGylated Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles (ZnS‐NPs) for Biological Applications
Authors: Rehman Zia ur , Khan Muhammad Aslam , Jathoi Nouman Rasheed , Rasool Usama , Almaary Khalid S , Bahkali Needa A. , Ihsan Junaid , Bokhari Syed Ali Imran
Published: November 2024

This study compares chemical and green synthesized zinc sulfide nanoparticles for multiple biological properties. A chemical synthesis approach is utilized to synthesize PEGylated ZnS‐NPs while the bulbs of Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus are utilized for green synthesis. After extensive characterization, the NPs are examined for multifunctional biological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, in vitro anticancer, and blood compatibility. Our study found that chemical synthesis results in higher yield and better dispersion behavior. However, the green ZnS‐NPs possessed increased antibacterial and antiparasitic potential against Leishmania tropica as the NPs resulted in significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.156 and 0.312 mg/mL, respectively while IC50 of 115.21 and 128.5 µg/mL were observed for the promastigote and amastigote forms of parasite. Furthermore, Fritillaria cirrhosa (F. cirrhosa) synthesized NPs possessed slightly improved antioxidant properties and in vitro anticancer potential against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Despite differences in the biological properties, the NPs did not result in hemolytic behavior thus demonstrating the compatible nature against blood cells. It was thus evident from the present study that the chemical and green synthesis techniques not only result in NPs with different physicochemical characteristics but also significantly influence the bio‐interaction of the obtained ZnS‐NPs.
Synthesis of Novel Photocatalysts Based on Polyoxovanadates Supported onto Zeolites Employed for Azo Dye Degradation
Authors: Leal Marchena Candelaria , Ortenzi Georgina P. , Pierella Liliana B. , Pizzio Luis R.
Published: November 2024

Heterogeneous photocatalysts based on polyoxovanadates with Keggin structure (POV) supported onto zeolite (NH4ZSM‐5) were developed. The amount of POV incorporated was varied from 5% to 30% wt. Catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, FT‐IR, XRD, DRS UV–vis, TGA, and 31P MAS‐NMR techniques; and the catalytic activity was evaluated in azo dye degradation. The specific surface area decreased as the POV content increased because of zeolite pore blocking. The XRD patters presented the characteristic peaks of NH4ZSM‐5 and POV, with no additional diffraction peaks, assigned to a well dispersed POV. FT‐IR and 31P MAS‐NMR results confirm that the Keggin structure of [PVW11O40]4− anions remain unaltered after their inclusion in the zeolite. The incorporation of POV generated a redshift at the absorption border, determined by DRS UV–vis, which promotes its activity in the visible range. Moreover, while POV content increase the bandgap energy diminishes and the photocatalytic activity increased. The higher photoactivity was 80% of discoloration when 30% wt of POV was incorporated. The characterization and catalytic evaluation indicated that these materials present suitable properties to be used as catalysts in the photocatalytic treatment of wastewater, being the main advantage their easy separation and reuse without significant decrease of the photoactivity.
High‐Throughput UV‐Induced Synthesis and Screening of Alloy Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Xu , Cao Jianyun , Chen Jiexin , Xie Jiyang , Gu Chengding , Li Xiaohong , Brandon Nigel , Hu Wanbiao
Published: November 2024

The combination of different elements in alloy catalysts can lead to improved activity as it provides opportunities to tune the electronic structures of surface atoms. However, the synthesis and performance screening of alloy catalysts through a vast chemical space are cost‐ and labor‐intensive. Herein, a UV‐induced, high‐throughput method is reported for the synthesis and screening of alloy electrocatalysts in a fast and low‐cost manner. A platform that integrates 37 mini‐reaction‐cells enables simultaneous UV‐induced photodeposition of alloy nanoparticles with up to 37 compositions. These mini‐reaction‐cells further allow a transfer‐free, high‐throughput electrochemical performance screening. Binary (PtPd, PtIr, PdIr), ternary (PtPdIr, PtRuIr) and quaternary (PtPdRuIr) alloys have been synthesized with the activity of the binary alloys (57 compositions) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) being screened. The predicted high performance of identified alloy compositions are subsequently validated by standard measurements using a rotating disk electrode configuration. It is found that the as‐synthesized alloy nanoparticles are rich in twin boundaries and thus possess lattice strain. Density functional theory calculation implies that the high ORR activity of the screened Pt0.75Pd0.25 alloy originates from the interplay between the differentiated adsorption sites because of alloying and the strain‐induced modulation of the d‐band center.
A Review of Advances in Heterostructured Catalysts for Li–S Batteries: Structural Design and Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Zhang Kaiyuan , Zhao Zhiqiang , Chen Huan , Pan Yukun , Niu Bo , Long Donghui , Zhang Yayun
Published: November 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, acclaimed for their high energy density, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental benefits, are widely considered as a leading candidate for the next‐generation energy storage systems. However, their commercialization is impeded by critical challenges, such as the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and sluggish reaction kinetics. These issues can be effectively mitigated through the design of heterojunction catalysts. Despite the remarkable advancements in this field, a comprehensive elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and structure–performance relationships of heterojunction catalysts in sulfur electrocatalysis systems remains conspicuously absent. Here, it is expounded upon the mechanisms underlying heterostructure engineering in Li–S batteries and the latest advancements in heterostructure catalysts guided by these multifarious mechanisms are examined. Furthermore, it illuminates groundbreaking paradigms in heterostructure design, encompassing the realms of composition, structure, function, and application. Finally, the research trends and future development directions for the novel heterojunction materials are extensively deliberated. This study not only provides a comprehensive and profound understanding of heterostructure catalysts in Li–S batteries but also facilitates the exploration of new electrocatalyst systems.
Characterization of Inclusion Size Distributions in a Large Forged Shaft Using X‐ray Micro‐Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Sun Fei , Liu Long , Ma Bo , Liu Zhe , Liu Changan , Liu Guoqiang , Zhang Zhen , Tian Linan , Wang Zhengci , Zhang Ming
Published: November 2024

The presence of nonmetallic inclusions in steel considerably affects the material's properties. This study investigates these effects by sampling six locations along the radial direction of a large forged shaft to analyze the distribution characteristics of inclusions. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy are used to identify the types and morphologies of the inclusions. X‐ray micro‐computed tomography scanning provides detailed distribution data, including the length, width, equivalent diameter, and shape of the inclusions. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the radial distribution characteristics of inclusions in the forged shaft. The results reveal that both the quantity and size of inclusions in the large forged shaft increase progressively from the edge toward the center. Additionally, the fatigue strength is estimated based on the inclusion distribution at various locations. The prediction shows a relative error exceeding 15%, indicating that the heterogeneity of the components considerably affects their fatigue performance. Finally, a novel method for predicting the maximum inclusion size within the heterogeneous large forged shaft is introduced.
Enhancing SHM with the extension of the deformation area difference method into the strain area difference method
Authors: Čamo Tarik , Apostolidi Eftychia , Waldmann Danièle
Published: November 2024

This study contributes to the fields of nondestructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM), which are pivotal for extending the service life of infrastructure and aligning with sustainability goals in construction. The study emphasizes an advanced application of the deformation area difference (DAD) Method, focusing on the comparative analysis of curvature lines derived from photogrammetry‐assisted deflection measurements and direct strain measurements. The novel strain area difference (SAD) method is presented. The research includes numerical simulations and practical experiments. A laboratory experiment with a steel beam demonstrates the method's effectiveness by comparing curvature lines from strain and deflection data. Additionally, an on‐site application on a composite bridge using photogrammetry and drone technology is described with a comparative numerical analysis. The investigations' results shed light on the potential of integrating diverse data sources in NDT/SHM practices. For instance, the integration of deflection measurements and strain measurements for SHM. The comparative analysis provides crucial insights into the accuracy and applicability of the DAD and SAD method in various structural scenarios, improving the precision of condition assessments in reinforced concrete structures. The findings have significant implications for the sustainable maintenance and operation of infrastructure. They support efficient decision‐making in the maintenance and repair of structures, contributing to their longevity and reducing the need for extensive interventions. They present a robust framework for decision‐making in predictive maintenance.
Harnessing the microbiome: probiotics, antibiotics and their role in canine and feline gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Schmid Sarah M , Tolbert M Katherine
Published: November 2024

Unfavourable alterations of the host microbial environment, known as dysbiosis, have been identified in many canine and feline gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. As a result, normalisation of microbial composition and function has become an important therapeutic target. Given the complex and individualistic interplay between the resident microbiota, host and environment, a multimodal approach is often necessary when addressing dysbiosis in dogs and cats with GI disease. Systemic antibiotics are often empirically used to treat acute and chronic GI diseases. However, with modern genomic techniques demonstrating the profound negative effect antibiotics can have on the GI microbiota and the rapid emergence of resistant bacteria globally, there has been an increased focus on identifying antibiotic alternatives for use in small animal practice. Biotics, such as prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, are of growing interest due to their potential supportive effect on the microbiota. This article reviews the evidence for the use of biotics in canine and feline GI disease, highlighting how judicious use of antibiotics and targeted probiotic supplementation can enhance patient outcomes by promoting a balanced gut microbial environment.
Paroxysmal and micro‐atrial fibrillation in a dog
Authors: Korzybska Ewelina , Warwick Harry , Dutton Emily
Published: November 2024

Micro‐atrial fibrillation is a novel term in veterinary medicine. In human medical literature, it has been described as having characteristics of atrial fibrillation, but lasting less than 30 seconds with a sudden onset and offset, with episodes of five or more consecutive supraventricular premature complexes. This case report describes the clinical presentation, investigations and treatment of an 11‐year‐old Border terrier, and focuses on the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation and discussion of case management. The aim of this case report is to make readers aware of the definition and diagnosis of micro‐atrial fibrillation.
An Introduction to the Submerged Prehistoric Pile-Dwelling in Zambratija Bay on the Croatian Adriatic Coast
Authors: Jerbić Katarina
Published: November 2024

Since its discovery in 2008, the submergedprehistoric pile-dwelling in Zambratija Bay has been a subject of handful discussions and papers. Although several small-scale surveys and test excavations were performed on the site immediately after the original discovery, targeted research has not been done there until 2017 as part of a small individual Ph.D. project, executed by the author of this paper. The aims of the paper are twofold: (1) to present preliminary data that was available prior to commencing the aforementioned Ph.D. and (2) to justify the fieldwork methods chosen for the Ph.D., which was successfully finished in 2020.
The Lakeside Settlement of Sovjan (Southeastern Albania) During the Bronze Age in the Light of New Chronological Data
Authors: Touchais Gilles , Oberweiler Cécile , Lera Petrika
Published: November 2024

While preparing the final publication of the excavations carried out on the prehistoric lakeside settlement of Sovjan (1993–2006), during the last years, we have undertaken (1) the complete re-examination of the stratigraphic data, (2) the detailed study of the pottery of the Bronze and Iron Age levels, and (3) the realisation of new absolute dates, by radiocarbon and even more so by dendrochronology. The latter is based on the analysis of a series of wood samples taken during the partial reopening of the excavation trench in 2018. From all these data, the relative and absolute chronological sequence of Sovjan could be completed, corrected, and updated, and the successive phases of human occupation synchronised with environmental change. As the most significant updates concern the Bronze Age, the present paper focuses on the definitive chronological sequence of this period and summarises the main related data.
Neolithic Lake Settlements in Western Macedonia, Greece: New Evidence from Dispilio and Amindeon Basin
Authors: Kotsakis Kostas , Giagkoulis Tryfon
Published: November 2024

The discovery and investigation of Neolithic habitations established in marginal zones of West Macedonialakesand marshes constituted an exceptional occasion for Greek prehistoric archaeology. The distinctive site-formation processes and the uniqueness of the preserved organic materials posed unprecedented practical, methodological, and interpretive challenges, offering at the same time new potentials for the study of the communities’ diachronic development. The present paper summarises the research results derived from the Rescue Excavations Project in the Four Lakes Region (Amindeon Basin) and the latest data from the ongoing study by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) of the Dispiliolakesettlementin the framework of the ERC-funded EXPLO project. The aim is to codify and evaluate the available information about the chronology of the habitations, their location in specific environmental settings, and the evidence regarding the construction and organisation of their built space. Subsequently, these characteristics are juxtaposed with documented parallels from the neighbouring areas to contextualise the specific attributes of the wetlands into the regional Neolithic. This comparative approach allows us to consider to what degree the wetland habitations constitute a unique phenomenon, or they are simply one of the diverse manifestations of the Western Macedonia Neolithic developed for specific—so far not detectable—reasons.
Prehistoric Wetland Settlements of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
Authors: Ballmer Ariane , Dimitrov Kalin , Prahov Nayden , Georgiev Pavel
Published: November 2024

Along Bulgaria’s Black Seacoast, a series of settlement remains from the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age have been preserved underwater and in marshy environments. A few of them seem originally to have been terrestrial settlements which were flooded and abandoned when the level of the Black Sea rose, while others were actual wetland settlements. Specific remains of ‘pile-dwelling’ architecture have been found, for example, at sites in the Varna Lakes area, in Sozopol harbour, and at Ropotamo and Urdoviza. As well as drawing parallels with the pan-European phenomenon of pile-dwellings, the paper examines the broader significance of the Bulgarian wetland settlements, including their complex interrelationship with the water system and their role in the overall cultural landscape at the time of their occupation.
Characteristics of the Inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in the School System
Authors: Madrid Tito , Arias-Gutiérrez Ruth
Published: November 2024

The chapter illustrates the trends in access to higher education based on the right to education for Indigenous populations, and the problems faced by students who self-identify as belonging to Indigenous Peoples and Nationalities during the previous educational levels. The socio-economic changes in Indigenous populations of the Ecuadorian Amazon are diagnosed, including their integration into the capitalist market economy driven by oil exploitation and colonization. The role of other economic sectors and the inclusion of Indigenous students in the school system are explored through indicators such as the net attendance rate in early, primary, and secondary education, school dropout rates, and repetition rates. Reports redacted by the National Institute of Educational Evaluation (Instituto Nacional de Evaluación Educativa, INEVAL) are considered for a prospective analysis.
Intercultural Education and Agency of Indigenous Communities: A View from the Sapara Territory
Authors: Kaukonen Lindholm Riikka , Ushigua Mariano
Published: November 2024

Ethnographic analysis of education conducted within the territory of the Sapara nationality, the smallest among the Indigenous nationalities recognized within the plurinational state of Ecuador. The problems and possibilities of accessing education and the ensuing negotiation between Indigenous and Western knowledge systems are examined, particularly in remote regions of the Ecuadorian Amazon. Additionally, the agency of community members in their attempt to build a higher quality education for themselves is illustrated despite substantial problems present in the entire school system. In fact, despite overall investment in education in Ecuador, the state is not adequately investing in promoting quality education within Sapara territory, as evidenced by the lack of opportunities to attend schooling including official instruction in the Sapara language. This poses a serious threat to the survival of their language and culture.
Indigenous Young People’s Access to Schools in the Province of Pastaza
Authors: Hohenthal Johanna , Arias-Gutiérrez Ruth
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the travel modes and duration of school journeys for Indigenous and mestizo students in upper secondary schools located in both urban and rural areas of the Pastaza province. It also examines the students’ experiences during their journeys to school in different environments. Finally, it analyses the waking-up times of students on school days and discusses their relation to the duration of the journey to school and the need to perform household chores in the morning before going to school. The study uses statistical analyses to extract differences between schools, Indigenous and mestizo students, and genders.
Educational Experiential Calendars: Creating Links Between Indigenous Communities and High School
Authors: Veintie Tuija , Sirén Anders , Minoia Paola
Published: November 2024

Many Indigenous peoples have elaborated calendars that reflect the agricultural, festive, or ritual aspects of Indigenous cosmology, family, community, and organization of time and space. This chapter focuses on educational experiential calendars developed in intercultural bilingual schools in Ecuador. The field study was conducted in the Amazonian province of Pastaza. The chapter first presents the elements of the calendars and how they represent the epistemology and ecological and cultural knowledge of the Amazonian Kichwa and Shuar nationalities. Thereafter, the chapter explores the process of developing the calendars in the schools studied. The chapter concludes that, if constructed in intergenerational and intercultural dialogue, these calendars can serve as a useful pedagogical tool, and contribute to the revitalization of Indigenous knowledge.
Relatedness for Wellbeing
Authors: Hargreaves Eleanore , Buchanan Denise , Quick Laura
Published: November 2024

This chapter lays out how our life-histories suggested that an increased Sense of Relatedness could influence a child’s trajectory towards wellbeing. This accords with the recent research literature, reported in this chapter, which supports the links between Sense of Competence, Sense of Relatedness and wellbeing. By Sense of Relatedness, we mean a child having a sense of belongingness and/or connectedness to group/others, having a sense of purpose and a vision of potential benefit with and for the group. It can entail feeling respected, having good status, being valued, experiences of closeness, warmth, respect, value, acceptance, trust, participation, cooperation and/or care. The life-histories indicated the particular importance of friendships for children with a low Sense of Competence. Many of the CLIPS children described troubled relationships within schooling and a sense of alienation. This seemed to be exacerbated by a possibly lowered Sense of Competence as ‘lower-attainers’, which made relationships more tricky in various ways, including by being kept in class during playtimes to finish work and being split up from friends by Attainment Grouping. Despite the clear link between Sense of Relatedness and wellbeing, both in our data and in recent academic literature, it appeared that it was not systemically recognised as playing the key role it manifestly did for some children.
Project Case: Secure Skilled Labour in Elderly Care—A Sustainable German-Vietnamese Approach
Authors: Krins Florian
Published: November 2024

Germany is facing an alarming shortage of qualified nurses in the health and geriatric care sector. Experts estimate that, due to demographic change, the number of people requiring care in Germany will increase from the current level of about 2.3 million to approximately 3.4 million in 2030. The Federal Employment Agency (BA) have already observed a severe shortage of fully qualified (geriatric) nurses and are warning of an impending acute shortage of nursing staff. This shortage cannot be covered in the medium or long term by nurses in Germany itself. At the same time, many young people from abroad are keen to take up training and a subsequent period of work spent in Germany. Vietnam has a very young population yet falls far short of employing its entire potential workforce in its labor market.
Adapting Cities to Demographic Challenges of Ageing: A Review of the Political Landscape and Approaches in China and Germany
Authors: Peters Marie
Published: November 2024

The rate of ageing is increasing among Germany and China’s populations. This trend is especially apparent in the countries’ urban centres, which face hurdles to adapt to this demographic shift. Whereas technical standards for primarily infrastructural adjustments are already in place or in development, their application as well as the social integration of the elderly remains an even greater challenge. Both countries have acknowledged this challenge and are restructuring their institutional landscape, adding new responsibilities, tasks and drafting political guiding documents. This article introduces the institutional landscapes and political approaches as well as innovative solutions on the local level which can all promote age-appropriate cities. This article argues that complex institutional landscapes are vital to address the multi-layered issue but notes that they also risk fragmentation and developing poorly integrated approaches. Thus, the chapter presents that boosting multi-sectoral and multi-actor cooperation on all levels to be the most suitable approach to sufficiently prepare cities for the ageing society.