bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEAT EXCHANGE IN FOAM CONCRETE REINFORCED BY POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE FIBER (PET FIBER)
Authors: Домнина К. , Domnina Kseniya , Pivarčiová Elena , Pivarčiová Elena , Репко В. , Repko Valentin , Сотникова М. , Sotnikova Mariia
Published: July 2019

The article analyzes temperature fields over foam concrete samples reinforced by PET fibers. The samples are developed at the Votkinsk branch of Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University. The effectiveness of reinforced PET fibers has already been proven, but so far, the effect of PET reinforcement on the thermophysical properties of foam concrete has not been well studied. In the laboratories of the Technical University in Zvolen, Slovakia (TUZVO), the heat transfer is analyzed using natural convection by heating reinforced foam concrete samples. The method of holographic interferometry is used, which allows to visualize temperature fields in real time. Temperature fields arising above the samples are displayed and recorded by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer using the «living boundary» method throughout the entire length of the interference fringes. A method for calculating the parameters of heat transfer by analogy with the heating of a flat plate has been proposed. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of holographic interferograms of the temperature fields are carried out. The local heat transfer parameters are calculated: the heat transfer coefficient α and the heat conductivity coefficient λ. It has been established that the samples of foam concrete reinforced by PET fibers made in Russia have a higher heat resistance and better insulation than foreign analogues.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF ANCIENT CITIES OF MOROCCO ON THE EXAMPLE OF MARRAKESH
Authors: Бурагба Р. , Buragba Rabii , Перькова М.В. , Perkova M.V.
Published: July 2019

The article traces the process of forming the planning structure of the historical core in the general structure of Moroccan cities. The sequence of development the Medina of Marrakech, the main ele-ments of its planning structure and development by periods is revealed. This study examines the Islamic period with the alternation of ruling dynasties. The general features of the planning of Morocco cities and characteristics of the planning structure of Marrakesh are reflected. There are five identified stages in the development of functional-planning structure of Marrakech, each is characterized by change and addition of the planning structure elements, the increase in perimeter buildings of the Medina, with the inclusion of new elements. The history of construction and transformation of key monuments of architectural heritage and their impact on the general structure of the Medina is considered. The development of the territory and construction of residential areas along the perimeter of the existing Medina led to the emergence of a new contour of the enclosing wall with trade and craft sectors. This is typical for the second and the third period. Further development of the city takes place in the fourth and fifth period through the construction of residential areas outside the Medina (stone walls) and the resettlement of new population. Analysis of the Medina of Marrakesh development allows to reveal its architectural and planning structure, relating it to the type of formation of medieval cities. The considered data can assist to predict the further direction of development the planning structure of the Medina and to prevent its loss and "dissolution" in the city.
RESEARCH EFFICIENCY OF NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM OF APARTMENT BUILDING
Authors: Абдразаков Ф. , Abdrazakov Fyarid , Поваров А. , Povarov Andrey
Published: July 2019

The analysis of existing research in the field of ventilation systems is performed and the current shortcomings of the ventilation systems of secondary apartment houses of series 114–85 are identified. The instability of the natural ventilation system of an apartment building characterized by variable air exchange and overturning ventilation in the ventilation ducts is demonstrated. Field studies of the natural ventilation system efficiency of an apartment house series 114–85 located in Saratov are carried out. According to the research results, the absence of traction and the presence of reverse traction in the exhaust ducts of the ventilation system are revealed. The initial reason for the lack of normal traction in the ventilation system associated with its calculation in the project of building a house series 114-85 for open mode operation is stablished. The increased tightness of windows and doors of apartments is determined, resulting in a reversed traction and the impossibility of uniform distribution of air vertically of the house, therefore installing only the exhaust system of the natural ventilation of an apartment building is inefficient. It is established that the ventilation channel in the kitchen is constantly working to extract air from the premises of the apartments, since the bathroom door is tightly closed that does not correspond to the normative indicators. The analysis of ventilation system on the example of three-bedroom apartments shows the need for additional supply devices for controlled flow of outside air into the premises of apartments. The use of supply wall valves of KIV-125 brand and window ventilation valves of Air Box Comfort brand is provided. A methodology of selection the modern, highly efficient energy saving models of turbo ventilators is presented, increasing traction in exhaust ventilation ducts at 40 % and independent of direction and wind gusts.
Le droit international de l’environnement : 2010-2014… et le syndrome de la toile de Pénélope (2e partie)
Authors: Sohnle Jochen
Published: July 2019

The present column covers the developments in the field of International Environmental Law over the last five years. First, it deals with sectorial issues such as protection of water, marine environment, air and climate, soil and biodiversity. Secondly it considers environmental protection as a whole, transsectorial protection, environment and trade, environment and armed conflicts, territorial protection regimes (such as mountain areas) and individualization of international environmental law (rights to a healthy environment ; liability regimes). The legal sources taken into account are significant treaties, soft law instruments and judicial decisions.
L’ accord à conclure à Paris en décembre 2015 : une opportunité pour « dé » fragmenter la gouvernance internationale du climat ?
Authors: Maljean-Dubois Sandrine , Wemaëre Matthieu
Published: July 2019

The forthcoming Paris Accord to be adopted at COP 21 in December 2015 : an opportunity for the defragmentation of the international governance on climate change ?

The 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) provides for the foundation of the international regime to fight against climate change. But it is widely acknowledged that it is neither efficient nor sufficient to tackle this challenge. As from 2000, a proliferation of policy initiatives outside this international climate regime has progressively questioned the centrality of the international governance on climate change as laid down by the UNFCCC. On-going climate talks under the auspices of the UNFCCC for the adoption of a new accord in Paris in December 2015 at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC provide a unique opportunity to rethink the role and structure of the international climate regime within its own boundaries. In order to increase the level of ambition of climate action as soon as possible and in the future, it is of crucial importance to design the Paris Accord in a way that it can be complemented and enhanced through synergies with other initiatives, which may be developed in other fora of international cooperation. After taking stock of the current situation and of its limits, this article identifies possible leverage options for achieving the defragmentation of the international governance on climate change, which could contribute to enhancing new cooperation dynamics.
Nouvelles perspectives pour la justice climatique (Cour du District de La Haye, 24 juin 2015, Fondation Urgenda contre Pays-Bas)
Authors: Tabau Anne-sophie , Cournil Christel
Published: July 2019

L’objectif de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre des Pays-Bas n’étant pas conforme au devoir de diligence de l’État en matière climatique, celui-ci doit être rehaussé pour atteindre -25 % en 2020 par rapport à 1990, conformément à l’état des connaissances scientifiques et des décisions adoptées par la Conférence des parties à la Convention-cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques en 2010. C’est en substance ce qu’indique la Cour du District de La Haye dans l’affaire opposant l’ONG Urgenda aux Pays-Bas et qui marque un tournant de la justice climatique. Bien que sa portée directe soit limitée à la politique d’atténuation des changements climatiques des Pays-Bas à l’horizon 2020, cette décision participe à la fois à la subjectivisation des acteurs de la justice climatique et à l’objectivisation de la responsabilité qui en découle, ouvrant la voie à un «dialogue des juges » et une possible influence sur les négociations internationales en cours.
Система управління військово-технічним співробітництвом та експортним контролем
Authors: Chepkov I. B. , Lapytskyi S. V. , Sotnyk V. V. , Dokuchaev O. V.
Published: July 2019

Наведено результати аналізу системи управління військово-технічним співробітництвом та експортним контролем України. Показаний механізм взаємодії органів системи управління ВТС й експертний контроль з установами, підприємствами України. Показане, що при збереженні рівня контролю над експортом ОВТ подальший розвиток системи ВТС України слід здійснювати у напрямі забезпечення виконання системою всіх функцій стратегічного управління як експортом, так і імпортом продукції оборонного призначення.
Оцінка вагомості показників бронетранспортера за даними опитування з використанням методу попарного порівняння
Authors: Aristarkhov O. , Bisyk S. , Slyusar V.
Published: July 2019

В роботі представлені результати оцінки напрямів підвищення характеристик бронетранспортера за даними опитування з використанням методу попарного порівняння. Всього опитано 88 експертів. Для попарного порівняння визначено дванадцять питань, що характеризують основні показники бронетранспортера: захищеність, рухомість, вогневу потужність. Крім того, експертам пропонувались питання, що стосуються загальних характеристик БТР. Отримані значення вагових коефіцієнтів показників бронетранспортера свідчать, що найбільш важливими для експертів є характеристики озброєння, захищеності (протимінний захист, захист від гранат ручних протитанкових гранатометів, захист від куль Б-32 калібру 12,7мм) та прохідності. Отримані значення вагомості показників бронетранспортера за даними опитування з використанням методу попарного порівняння є основою для оцінки пріоритетів розвитку вітчизняних бронетранспортерів та інших машин подібного класу.
Методичні основи оцінки ремонтопридатності військової автомобільної техніки
Authors: Shyshanov M. O. , Veretnov А.
Published: July 2019

У статті запропонована методика оцінки кількісних та якісних показників ремонтопридатності зразків військової автомобільної техніки, їх відповідність ТТЗ, показана за яких умов ремонтопридатності надається позитивна оцінка. Результати оцінки оперативних (часових) показників можуть надати можливість розробити організаційно-технічні заходи з удосконалення ремонтної технологічності конструкції зразка та нормативної документації з експлуатації та ремонту військової автомобільної техніки.
Implementation and Performance Analysis of Different Hand Gesture Recognition Methods
Authors: Ahmed Md. Manik , Hossain Md. Anwar , Abadin A F M Zainul
Published: July 2019

In recent few years, hand gesture recognition is one of the advanced grooming technologies in the era of human computer interaction and computer vision due to a wide area of application in the real world. But it is a very complicated task to recognize hand gesture easily due to gesture orientation, light condition, complex background, translation and scaling of gesture images. To remove this limitation, several research works have developed which is successfully decrease this complexity. However, the intention of this paper is proposed and compared four different hand gesture recognition system and apply some optimization technique on it which ridiculously increased the existing model accuracy and model running time. After employed the optimization tricks, the adjusted gesture recognition model accuracy was 93.21% and the run time was 224 seconds which was 2.14% and 248 seconds faster than an existing similar hand gesture recognition model. The overall achievement of this paper could be applied for smart home control, camera control, robot control, medical system, natural talk, and many other fields in computer vision and human-computer interaction.
ASSESSING ADMINISTRATIVE STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING PEACE EDUCATION IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE AGADEZ REGION, NIGER REPUBLIC
Authors: Cheffou Idi
Published: July 2019

This study was carried out to assess administrative strategies for enhancing Peace Education (PE) in 29 Junior Secondary Schools in the region of Agadez, Niger Republic. The study was descriptive. Quantitative and non- parametric data that helped determine majority views were collected, tallied, converted into simple percentages and means using a calculator. Information from documents that were initially in French was translated into English. The research used a total population of 487 teachers and school administrators from 29 Junior Secondary Schools in the region of Agadez. All the 84 administrators from the 29 Junior Secondary Schools were included in the research as their number was small; 388 teachers were sampled out of 403 using the Research Advisors’ Sample Size Table and Simple Random Technique. The research instrument was a self-designed structured questionnaire titled Administrative Strategies for Enhancing Peace Education Questionnaire, which was validated and had a reliability index of .75. This paper dealt with the curriculum content that could enhance Peace Education in Junior Secondary Schools in the region of Agadez. The findings revealed that the Peace Education curriculum content was scanty. The study recommended, among others, that the Junior Secondary Schools Peace Education curriculum should be revised, and should therefore encompass relevant issues that would mould the students’ minds, issues that would help them to learn to live together and enhance mutual understanding in community; to this end, the Peace Education curriculum should mainstream Human Rights Education, Conflict Resolution Education, Disarmament Education, Development Education, International Education, Civics and any other type of education that is likely to bar the students from getting involved in violent conflict or even terrorism.
THE NEED FOR TEACHING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY EDUCATION AS SEEN BY SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
Authors: Iyobo Osayande Eric , Daniel Aideyan  Osarenwmanta
Published: July 2019

The main thrust of this paper is to appraise the need for the teaching of occupational health and safety education as seen by secondary school students in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. Occupational safety education is an advocated subject that emphasizes on developing knowledge, skills and attitude of safety practices in any defined work environment. This has been reemphasized by the International Labour Organization (ILO), to be taken as a matter of urgency in order to enable its elementary introduction in the school system. To ascertain its relevance in secondary schools, descriptive research design was adopted and the random and systematic sampling techniques were utilized to obtain 242 students from the selected secondary schools in the Local Government Area. Self-structured questionnaires to gather information about the need for occupational safety education among students of Egor Local Government Area were used. It was revealed that the secondary schools students demonstrated a positive desire towards occupational safety education as school subject to enable them have better career choices and to practice safety measures effectively in order to avoid injuries and other work environment related hazards. It was therefore recommended that the school curriculum reform should advocate and present to the Ministry of Education and National Education Research and Development Commission the need to implement the introduction of occupational safety education in secondary schools.
História dum Palhaço, de Raul Brandão: o despertar de personagens sem aura
Authors: Rios Otávio
Published: July 2019

Debruçar-se sobre História dum Palhaço é ainda mais instigante quando se pensa que a crítica literária contemporânea1 relegou a segundo plano esse livro escrito no fenecer do século XIX, obra essencial para uma compreensão do conceito de história na literatura de Raul Brandão. A visão do escritor sobre a história está alicerçada em um procedimento alegórico de configurar a própria escritura, para o qual a ruína, efeito estético da catástrofe, é a imagem que resulta da elaboração de sua arte literária.
Eça, o Realismo e a pintura: "uma prosa como ainda não há!"
Authors: De Lima Isabela Pires
Published: July 2019

Relembrando, já num momento avançado da sua vida literária, a “idolatria da forma”, que o dominara na juventude, Eça de Queirós escreve pela mão de Fradique Mendes: “eu só procurava em literatura e poesia algo nuevo que mirar. E para um meridional de vinte anos, amando sobretudo a Cor e o Som na plenitude da sua riqueza, que poderia ser esse algo nuevo senão o luxo novo de formas novas?
Lisboaleipzig -- Música e literatura em fulgor narrativo
Authors: Ruas Luci
Published: July 2019

Os diversos textos que compõem o universo escritural de Maria Gabriela Llansol são como vasos comunicantes, “iluminam-se mutuamente”, oferecendo ao leitor/ legente a possibilidade desconcertante de se empenhar numa travessia que implica a permanente presença de um no outro, o que exige uma redobrada atenção desse legente. O universo figural da escritora implica “o trânsito contínuo” dessas figuras, que, desde a primeira trilogia, mais exatamente em O livro das comunidades, frequenta intermitentemente o texto llansoliano, em busca de uma convivência libertadora e reconfiguradora de uma nova escritura -- ou uma nova geografia, fundamentada na lógica dos encontros --, que, na integrando-se à tradição de uma revolução na narrativa, de que o Modernismo foi desencadeador, desafia o texto canônico do romance tradicional e configura uma espécie de prosa poética em que as questões relativas à autorreferencialidade, à dispersão do sujeito numa comunidade figural, ao diálogo constante interartes se faz presença constante.
O Ateneu, colégio sem saída
Authors: Araújo Gilberto
Published: July 2019

O Ateneu (1888) é o terceiro e último livro que Raul Pompeia viu publicado: antes dele, vieram Uma tragédia no Amazonas (1880), custeado pelo escritor de apenas 17 anos, ainda aluno do colégio Pedro II, e As joias da Coroa (1882), chistoso roman à clef envolvendo a família imperial. Cite-se, de passagem, a plaquete Carta ao autor das Festas nacionais (1893), introdução a Festas nacionais, de Rodrigo Otávio, lançado no mesmo ano. Postumamente, surgiram as Canções sem metro (1900), editadas cinco anos após o suicídio do autor. Os dois títulos iniciais caracterizam-se pela receita folhetinesca, pródiga em ações, mistérios e mortes. Já O Ateneu, impresso de janeiro a março de 1888 em folhetins da Gazeta de Notícias, pouco ou nada preserva das marcas mais ostensivas desse suporte, pois seu interesse não recai na trama, mas nas memórias e reflexões do narrador-personagem Sérgio sobre os dois anos de internato no colégio homônimo ao romance.
DACOSTA, Fernando. O Botequim da Liberdade. Como Natália Correia marcou, a partir de um pequeno bar de Lisboa, o século XX português. Alfragide: Casa das Letras, 2013.
Authors: Valentim Jorge
Published: July 2019

Ã€ primeira vista, o leitor desavisado acreditará que o recente título publicado de Fernando Dacosta, O Botequim da Liberdade (2013), constitui mais uma biografia sobre uma das figuras mais paradigmáticas da literatura, da política e da cultura portuguesas do século xx. Ledo e salutar engano. O texto, sob a chancelada Casa das Letras, constitui um dos relatos mais justos e bem acabados sobre a ensaísta, poeta, ficcionista, dramaturga e intelectual portuguesa, Natália Correia.
O romance histórico da colonização portuguesa do Atlântico Sul: "O retrato do rei", de Ana Miranda, e "Nação crioula",de José Eduardo Agualusa
Authors: Bergamo Edvaldo A.
Published: July 2019

O retrato do rei (1991), da brasileira Ana Miranda, figura a Guerra dos Emboabas, no século XVIII, em estreita correlação com a trajetória existencial de Mariana de Lancastre, fidalga portuguesa arruinada na colônia americana. Nação crioula (1998), do angolano José Eduardo Agualusa, por sua vez, focaliza, em meio às aventuras do dândi eciano Fradique Mendes, a trajetória existencial da ex-escrava e viúva Ana Olimpia Vaz de Caminha, metáfora da luta abolicionista que movimenta o romance epistolar. Discutindo literatura e história, neste trabalho, analisaremos a colonização lusitana por uma perspectiva que enfatiza o olhar feminino acerca desse complexo histórico e cultural em ebulição, especialmente entre dois espaços privilegiados: Angola e Brasil.
CRIMINAL ATTEMPT IN THE MALAYSIAN COMPUTER CRIMES ACT 1997 (ACT 563)
Authors: Mohammed Ammar Abdullah Saeed , Ismail Nawang Nazli , Mustaffa Aminuddin
Published: July 2019

A criminal attempt is an offence in traditional laws as it may cause either damage or the danger of damage. Nonetheless, uncertainty arises with regards to cybercrimes arguably due to the lack of critical attention paid to attempt of committing cybercrime by other researchers in this area. As such, this paper intends to analyse the position of the criminal attempt which is explicitly stipulated in section 7 of the Computer Crimes Act 1997 (CCA). Further, this paper aims to demonstrate related legal issues pertaining to criminal attempt in cybercrimes including mere preparation and its relation to criminal attempts of cybercrimes, men's rea in committing criminal attempt, recklessness in the criminal attempt of cybercrimes as well as impossibility defences for cybercrime attempts. In so doing, section 7 of the CCA will be critically scrutinised in solving those issues. Apart from that, the paper will also examine relevant decided cases on criminal attempts for traditional criminal offences. To sum up, merely preparation in cybercrime shall be an attempt, and men's rea is required in a criminal attempt to commit cybercrime but in certain situations, knowledge of the risk is enough to be an attempt to commit cybercrime offences.
INCORPORATING MUDARABAH INSTRUMENT AS A MEANS FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN NIGERIA
Authors: El-Mubarak, A.M.O. Ishaaq , Tahir Mohamed Abdul Majid
Published: July 2019

Mudarabah refers to a partnership investment where Rabb-ul-mal (financial provider) provides the fund to mudarib (entrepreneur) so that the latter may invest the fund in profitable commercial joint-ventures or economic enterprises. Mudarabah products are very significant and offered by almost all Islamic financial institutions. This kind of partnership-investment product is yet to be included as a major instrument to be implemented under poverty alleviation programs. Historically, poverty mitigation schemes have been implemented since the birth of independence in Nigeria. Late discovery of Islamic banking concept and products across the nation imparted several challenges on the economy of the country. Different programs had been introduced with the goal of reducing poverty in Nigeria, but none of them showed a significant success. Thus, this paper aims at adopting the mudarabah instrument into the existing schemes with the hope that poverty will be significantly reduced amid society. The paper is qualitative-based research. It uses various documents and content analysis approach to understand and analyze the process of incorporating the mudarabah instrument into poverty alleviation programs across the country. Findings showed that the agenda of reducing poverty is achievable if financial institutions and depositors can give their full cooperation on one edge, and proffer their maximum support in incorporating mudarabah instrument on the other. In light of this, this paper proposes that mudharabah, which is essentially a profit-sharing contract of Islamic banking, should be extended to the ordinary people so that they will become independent in their sustenance. Also, with the implementation of this free-interest mechanism, rich people will be relieved from direct extreme demands with no ideas and projects. Therefore, with a view of moving the country forward economically, people just need to overlook any religion propagating an idea and concentrate on the benefits the instrument will result in after its implementation.
ADMISSIBILITY AND AUTHENTICITY OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE IN THE COURTS OF MALAYSIA AND UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Mohamad Ani Munirah
Published: July 2019

This concept paper elaborates on two main aspects of electronic evidence (1) the admissibility of such evidence in the courts of law, and (2) its authenticity as evidence for the consideration of the courts. In both aspects, the scope of discussion would be the laws in Malaysia and in the United Kingdom (UK). In essence, the relevant rules providing for electronic evidence in Malaysia is the Evidence Act 1950, meanwhile for the case of the UK, the Civil Evidence Act 1995 and Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 which provide for electronic evidence in civil and criminal matters respectively. Engaging in comparative legal research methods, and purely library-based, the relevant legal provisions for each jurisdiction are elaborated, and numerous cases are discussed in this paper to illustrate the application of such sections in admitting and authenticating electronic evidence in the Courts of Malaysia and the UK. Hopefully, this paper would become a contribution to the body of knowledge and contribute towards more in-depth research in the area of law of evidence.
THE INFLUENCE OF BAHASA ROJAK IN NEW MEDIA TOWARDS THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE
Authors: Shafiee Hidayah , Mahamood Ahmad Fahmi , Abdul Manaf Abdul Rahman , Tengku Yaakob Tengku Kastriafuddin Shah , Ramli Abdul Jalil , Mokhdzar Zuraidi Ahmad , Jamaluddin Jamsari , Bajuri Maskor , Mohd Ali Mohd Erpi
Published: July 2019

‘Bahasa Jiwa Bangsa’and ‘Bahasa Menunjukkan Bangsa’ is a Malay proverb to cultivate holdings and identity among Malaysian. This Malay proverb is often broadcast in electronic media or in print media. This campaign emphasizes that language is the cornerstone of race. An effort to uphold the National Language requires strong support and commitment from the community, especially in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) era. However, in the habit of using new media, they often use the mixed language every day. Mixed language is due to the attitude of some people who are not aware that the use of national language is become more eroded by the use of mixed language. The purpose of this research is to study the influence of mixed language in the new media in the National Language. This study uses a qualitative study method where the data is obtained through interview. A total of 5 informants were involved in the study consisting of New Media Communication student, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
IDENTITY CRIME IN THE DIGITAL AGE: MALAYSIAN AND MAURITANIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
Authors: Sidi Ahmed Sidi Mohamed
Published: July 2019

: Legally speaking, a crime is an action or omission punishable by law and it takes many forms, e.g., crimes against people, property and so forth. Identity crime is one of those crimes that could affect financial institutions, individuals or even the whole society. Identity crime impacts include, inter alia, emotional and psychological, financial and security ones. In its basic meaning, identity crime is a term used to refer to all forms of unlawful activities (stealing, fraudulently using, modifying, etc.,) done under the identity of persons (names, passports, bank accounts, etc.). The term ‘identity’ includes all information relating to persons (natural or legal) such as name, address, email, phone number, bank account, uniform and such like. These types of crimes are not new but there is no doubt that the availability of information and data in the virtual world flourishes identity related-crimes and makes them easier to be committed. Like other countries in the world, Malaysia and Mauritania have general and specific provisions for combatting identity related-crimes and bringing offenders to justice. This paper discussed the concept of identity crime, then analyzed and examined laws related to the matter in the legal systems of the two countries and assessed the efficiency and capability of those laws to combat this serious crime. Moreover, it made a comparison between the two systems and suggested some steps to be taken to improve the existing laws governing identity crime in the countries. This research is doctrinal research depending on both primary and secondary related sources. It is argued and believed that a study such this will positively contribute to the field of legal studies as it is examining an aggravated crime (identity crime) from a comparative perspective.
AN APPRAISAL ON THE OBLIGATION OF COMPANIES TO PAY ZAKAT: THE MALAYSIAN LAW AND SHARIAH PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Ramli Nazri , Abdul Ghadas Zuhairah Ariff
Published: July 2019

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam, obligatory upon human beings who believe in Allah and His Messenger (PBUH). It refers to the determined share of wealth prescribed by Allah as an act of worship to be distributed to a certain group of beneficiaries (al-Asnaf). The consideration of its great objectives (al-Maqasid) in Islam, among others, public interest and social justice to the Muslim society influences contemporary Muslim jurists to uphold the obligation of companies to pay zakat as issued in their fatwas and resolutions. In Malaysia, several fatwas and resolutions issued by the religious fatwa councils clearly impose this religious obligation on the corporations as their business zakat (Urudh al-Tijarah) which are legally registered under the Companies Act 2016. This paper discusses the obligation of companies to pay zakat from Malaysian law and Shariah perspectives. It aims to analyze whether it is legally viable for corporations registered under the Companies Act 2016 which adopts the English common law to be obligated to pay zakat. The finding shows that the current legal structure of a corporation does not conform to the Shariah principles in relation to zakat obligation. It demands certain modifications to the current framework and hence, the current fatwas in imposing zakat on the corporations in Malaysia are proposed to be reviewed and revisited. Research methodology applied in this paper is doctrinal and statutory analysis.
THE UNDERSTANDING OF FACTS IN JUDICIAL PROCESS: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Awang Mohd Badrol , Mustaffa Aminuddin , Mohd Yusob Mohd Lotpi , Md. Yusuf Naziree , Abd. Kadir Nor Aida , Ismail @ Nawang Nazli
Published: July 2019

The importance of understanding the factual reality (fahm al-waqi‘) has been extensively discussed by Muslim jurists in their discussion pertaining to Islamic legal theory. It has been accepted as an important component for the practice of ijtihad and recognized as a valid justification for the renewal of ijtihad. In light of the above, yet in a different setting, the paper discusses the concept of al-da ‘wa and the significance of understanding the fact of a legal dispute (fahm al-da‘wa) in Islamic trial process. It examines the significance of fahm al-da‘wa by the trial judge in the trial process. The study proves that the understanding of the facts of the cases assumes a very critical position in the trial process, the laxity of which will affect the propriety of judicial decisions and thus leading to injustice. Further, the paper argues that the kind of facts that need to be ascertained and understood by the trial judges are not limited to the specific occasions of the cases, rather the general circumstances and the reality of the living conditions of the times need also to be taken into consideration. Finally, the paper avers that the requirement to understand the facts of the cases necessitates a kind of undertaking in the nature of ijtihad which is to be carried out by all judges regardless of their status whether they are mujtahid (jurist) or muqallid (imitator).
THE PROPOSE GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK FOR SHARIAH CORPORATION
Authors: Abd Aziz Hartinie , Abd Ghadas Zuhairah Ariff
Published: July 2019

Shariah Corporation has developed rapidly offering various product and services that comply with the shariah principles. Nevertheless, all the so-called shariah corporation was framed under the conventional framework beginning from its incorporation as a company up until its corporate governance, and the decision’s making the process. Such conventional framework does differ from the shariah framework. Hence, it is a need to develop a new framework of governance that can be applied to all shariah corporations. This is mainly because the objective of the conventional and the Islamic Corporate governance is different as conventional corporate governance structure is more focused on the protection of the rights of the stakeholders; while Islamic corporate governance focus on retaining the Islamicity of the whole corporation This paper emphasizes that Shari’ah compliance is the core element of shariah corporation and thus Shari’ah governance is an ideal platform to ensure such adherence and thus boost up the level of public confidence in shariah corporation. It is undeniable that there are few shariah governance codes available nowadays, but, these codes are mainly referred to Islamic financial institution per se. This study looks at the current conventional framework and accordingly, this paper proposes a Shari’ah governance framework to accommodate the shariah corporation. The framework suggests incorporating various fundamental governance principles of organizations. This proposed framework is to strengthen the existing guidelines and reflect a holistic governance system for shariah corporation.
KOMUNITAS VEGETASI HUTAN MANGROVE DI DESA WORI KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Rangan Jety K
Published: July 2019

Hutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem khas pesisir yang dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut. Vegetasi mangrove ini merupakan salah satu potensi sumberdaya alam yang produktif. Penggunaan areal mangrove untuk berbagai kepentingan seperti lahan pertanian, pertambakan udang dan ikan, pengusahaan hutan dan pemukiman terjadi hampir di seluruh Indonesia, seringkali pemanfaatannya tidak terkontrol dan peranan hutan mangrove dalam rangkaian system ekologisnya diabaikan. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan komunitas hutan mangrove dengan melihat komposisi spesies, kerapatan, dan keanekaragaman spesies. Dalam pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode transek . Dari kegiatan penelitian ini diperoleh empat spesies mangrove yang tersebar di tiga stasiun pengamatan masing-masing Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhyza, Rhizophora stylosa dan Sonneratia alba.
TRANSFER IPTEK KELOMPOK MASYARAKAT HILIR (DOWNSTREAM) DI KELURAHAN KOMO LUAR MANADO
Authors: Pelle Wilmy E , Wantasen Adnan Sj
Published: July 2019

The district of Komo Luar is one of the downstream areas of River Tondano. Based on some researches, performance of physic-chemical parameters show under of Indonesian Water Quality Guidelines e.g. dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, and e. colii. Knowledge and Technology Transferring has chosen in order to implement the soft approaches. Some programme has been done for example, training related to water quality and awareness campaign. We expected this programme could be modify the way of thinking of people around the river.
SEDIMEN LARUT DALAM ASAM DAN TIDAK LARUT DALAM ASAM DI PERAIRAN TELUK BUYAT DAN SEKITARNYA
Authors: Manengkey Hermanto WK
Published: July 2019

Information on water conditions, such as sedimentation, physical factors, and coral reef ecosystem, needs to be understood that the stakeholders could optimally utilize the the area. This study was aimed at determining the sediment content of Buyat Bay and its surroundings dissolved and undissolved in the acid solution. Results found that the terrestrial sediments (Lithogenous) were not soluble in the acid solution and the marine ones (Biogenous) were soluble.
PERBEDAAN PENGGUNAAN INTENSITAS CAHAYA LAMPU TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN BAGAN APUNG DI PERAIRAN SELAT ROSENBERG KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA KEPULAUAN KEI
Authors: Julianus Notanubun , Patty Wilhelmina
Published: July 2019

One of potential fishing grounds for small pelagic fish in Southeast Mallucas Regency is Rosenberg Strait waters. In this region, a study on the effect of different light intensities of floating lift net on fish catches was carried out. The analyses were done on light distribution of 4 light intensities different: Petromaks Lamp and Underwater Lamps of each 18 watt, 36 watt and 54 watt. This study showed that catches of floating lift net using different light intensities were statistically significantly different. The use of 36 watt and 54 watt underwater lamp yielded the same amount of catches but higher than that of 18 watt-underwater lamp and petromaks, both in number and species. Catches consisted of 17 species, 16 fishs and 1 mollusca. Number of species and size also varied with light intensity used. There were 13 fishs species dominated by Stolephorus indicus as much as 46.9 kg or 22% for petromaks catches, 14 fishs species dominated by Rastrelliger kanagurata as much as 64 kg (31%) for 18 watt underwater lamp, 17 fishs species dominated by Rastrelliger kanagurata as much as 76 kg (28%) for 36 watt underwater lamp, and 15 fishs species dominated by Stolephorus devisi as much as 54.8 kg (22%) for 54 watt underwater lamp, respectively. Based on the results, it is recommended that the use of light intensity in fishing operations of floating lift net should be 36 watt and 54 watt underwater lamps, due to high catches, both in number and species. Beside that, since light fishing has also caught illegal fish size, number of this fishing gear type should be controlled.
PENGARUH SUHU TERHADAP PEMIJAHAN KERANG MUTIARA Pinctada maxima (JAMESON)
Authors: Tomatala Pitjont
Published: July 2019

Pearl oysters, Pinctada maxima, are known as South Sea Pearl. Breeding is an important factor in intensive culture pearl oyster. In breeding, spawning became determining factor. The purpose of this research was to understand the effect of temperature decrease on the spawning level and to compare the treatment of water temperature decrease and increase on spawning level of pearl oyster P. maxima. The result showed that temperature decrease treatment influenced the success of the spawning level. Both water temperature decrease and increase had similar effect on the spawning level of the pearl oyster.
PENGARUH POSISI TALI UTAMA DAN KECEPATAN ARUS TERHADAP GERAKAN SWINGING DAN DIVING DARI MODEL TROLLING BOARD
Authors: Budiman Johnny , Mathias Yan A , Katiandagho Elof M , Kalangi Patrice NI , Telleng Aglius RT , Reppie Emil , Kumajas Henry J
Published: July 2019

Trolling board is an important troll line accessory which can produce swinging and diving movements of the lure. A laboratory study on the effect of trolling board main line position and current speed on swinging and diving movements was done in a water circulating tank at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University. At low speed, the widest swing reached at main line position near the center of trolling board, but at high speed, it reached main line position near the fore tip. Swinging frequency decreased with the current speed. The depth of diving increased as the main line position got closer to the tip and increased with current speed.
MENJAWAB MIMPI KESEJAHTERAAN NELAYAN TRADISIONAL DI KELURAHAN MALALAYANG I KOTA MANADO PROPINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Wagiu Max
Published: July 2019

Economic and social prosperity is a dream of all traditional fishermen, particularly those who live in Malalayang I, Manado, North Celebes. This study used interviews to gather the information. Results found that 1) the local fishermen need to move to a semi-industrial fishing gear and boat in order to increase their catches; 2) the fishermen need to have an investment support to provide better fishing gears. Improvement in their economic and social conditions would bring improvements in social relationship among local fishermen.
PENANGKAPAN IKAN DENGAN BOM DI DAERAH TERUMBU KARANG DESA ARAKAN DAN WAWONTULAP
Authors: Pontoh Otniel
Published: July 2019

This study was aimed to see the behavior of fishermen who catch fish using explosives in coral zone. This research was carried out in Arakan and Wawontulap villages, South Minahasa.  The results showed that almost 60 percent of coral reef areas were destroyed by fish bombing.
INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT AMONG THREE POPULATIONS OF AN INTERTIDAL GASTROPOD, Nerita japonica (Dunker)
Authors: Paruntu Carolus
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present research is to figure out the reproductive effort of Nerita japonica occurring in three different intertidal habitats of Amakusa Shimoshima Island, western Kyushu, Japan. Rocky shore population and other two stony shore populations (the upper stony shore and the lower stony shore) were described based on: (a) its mean mature gonad dry weight, (b) reproductive effort, and (c) the relationship between reproductive effort and body size. Data recorded in the period of spawning season. The results revealed that there were mean mature gonad dry weight and reproductive effort variations among three snail populations. Mean mature gonad dry weight and reproductive effort were larger for the Rocky shore population, intermediate for lower stone shore population, and smaller for the upper stone shore population. In one out of three populations, i.e., the upper stone shore population, reproductive effort of mature females increased significantly with an increase in body size. The data showed that reproductive effort is related to adult body size of N. japonica. There was an intraspecific variation in reproductive effort among three populations of N. japonica over even small geographic distances. Keywords: mature body size, mature gonad dry weight, reproductive effort, intraspecific variation, Nerita japonica.  Variasi Indeks Kematangan Gonad Interspesies pada Tiga Populasi Gastropoda Intertidal, Nerita japonica (Dunder)) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan indeks kematangan gonad dari gastropoda intertidal, Nerita japonica yang hidup di tiga habitat yang berbeda di Pulau Shimoshima Amakusa, Kyushu bagian barat, Jepang. Parameter yang diamati pada setiap populasi adalah: (a) nilai rata-rata berat kering gonad matang, (b) indeks kematangan gonad, dan (c) hubungan antara indeks kematangan gonad dan ukuran tubuh. Data dicatat pada periode musim pemijahan. Ketiga populasi memperlihatkan nilai rata-rata berat kering gonad yang matang dan indeks kematangan gonad yang berbeda. Populasi pantai berbatu memiliki nilai rata-rata berat kering matang gonad dan indeks kematangan gonad yang paling besar, diikuti oleh nilai dari populasi pantai berbatu bagian bawah dan populasi pantai berbatu bagian atas memiliki nilai yang paling kecil. Selanjutnya, satu dari tiga populasi, yaitu populasi pantai berbatu bagian atas memperlihatkan indeks kematangan gonad dari individu-individu betina N. japonica berhubungan dengan ukuran tubuhnya. Sekalipun indeks kematangan gonad dari individu-individu N. japonica meningkat secara signifikan dengan bertambahnya ukuran tubuh, namun terdapat variasi intraspesifik pada N. japonica dalam hal indeks kematangan gonad menurut habitat walaupun secara geografis berdekatan.Kata kunci: ukuran tubuh matang kelamin, berat kering gonad matang, indeks kematangan gonad, variasi intraspesifik, Nerita japonica.
DAMPAK PERIKANAN TANGKAP TERHADAP SUMBERDAYA IKAN DAN HABITATNYA DI PERAIRAN PANTAI TABUKAN TENGAH KEPULAUAN SANGIHE
Authors: Tamarol Joneidi , Luasunaung Alfret , Budiman Johnny
Published: July 2019

Overfishing and environmental degradation from fishing activities result in changes in aquatic ecosystems, and almost all fishing gears could cause habitat damages. This study attempted to evaluate the impact of different fishing gears utilized by traditional fishermen on the fish resources and their habitats and formulate an environmenttal friendly fishing fisheries concept. Data collection used two approaches, through a long-term catch analysis and a direct field observation on the fishing process. Results found that several fishing gears used were potential to cause damages on bottom habitats due to the operational technique and the treatment to the gear itself. Beside that, some gears were also potential to unbalance the stability and the the sustainability of the fish resources due to the utilization of excessively small-sized mesh. Based on the internal factor analysis strategy (IFAS) and the external factor analysis strategy (EFAS), the use of fish traps, circling gill nets, and turtle targeting hand lines in the coral reef area we­re potential to cause direct negative impact on the coral reefs and the sustainability of the fish resources.Keywords: impact, habitat damage, resources damage, over fishing, selectivity.   Kelebihan tangkap dan degradasi lingkungan dari kegiatan perikanan mengakibatkan perubahan ekosistem perairan dan hampir semua alat tangkap ikan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan habitat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dampak alat tangkap yang digunakan oleh nelayan di perairan pantai Tabukan Tengah, Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe terhadap sumberdaya dan lingkungan dan merumuskan konsep kebijakan pengembangan perikanan tangkap yang ramah lingkungan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan dua pendekatan yakni menganalisis hasil tangkapan untuk jangka waktu yang panjang dan pengamatan langsung terhadap proses penangkapan ikan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa beberapa alat tangkap yang digunakan berpotensi merusak habitat dasar perairan karena tehnik pengoperasiannya dan perlakuan terhadap alat tangkap tersebut. Di samping itu, beberapa jenis alat tangkap berpotensi merobah stabilitas dan keberlangsungan sumberdaya ikan karena penggunaan mata jaring berukuran sangat kecil. Berdasarkan strategi analisis faktor internal dan strategi analisis faktor eksternal, maka penggunaan bubu ikan, jaring insang lingkar, jala lempar dan ladung penyu di daerah terumbu karang memiliki dampak negatif bagi terumbu karang dan keberlanjutan sumberdaya ikan. Kata kunci: dampak, kerusakan habitat, kerusakan sumberdaya, tangkap lebih, selektivitas.