bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representação do conhecimento na perspectiva da ciência da informação em tempo e espaço digitais
Authors: Alvarenga Lídia
Published: August 2011

Abordando algumas interfaces do fenômeno da cognição com a ciência da informação, este ensaio tem por objetivo refletir sobre alguns componentes do processo de representação de conhecimentos, no contexto atual balizado pelo surgimento e desenvolvimento dos arquivos e bibliotecas digitais. Como um esquema básico, contendo idéias introdutórias a serem posteriormente trabalhadas, destina-se especialmente a pesquisadores e estudantes de cursos oferecidos no âmbito disciplinar da ciência da informação. O texto se inicia com uma introdução que ressalta os processos de representação, passíveis de ocorrer em momentos distintos: na produção dos registros de conhecimento, na organização dos sistemas de informações documentais e no acesso às informações pelos usuários. São também incluídas neste texto discussões preliminares sobre as relações da representação com a ontologia e a epistemologia, campos tradicionais da filosofia. Seguem se outros tópicos relacionados ao tema, cujos títulos denotam seus conteúdos específicos: cognição e transdisciplinaridade; conceito como produto da representação primária e insumo para a representação secundária; novos espaços e métodos peculiares de representação do conhecimento.
Autores e autoria em periódicos brasileiros de ciência da informação
Authors: Bohn Maria Del Carmen
Published: August 2011

Este artigo discute questões de autoria. Para isto foram analisados, 86 artigos com 1528 referências bibliográficas, publicados no ano de 2001 em quatro periódicos brasileiros da área de Ciência da Informação. A análise considerou várias características dos autores como: titulação, função desempenhada, autoria individual e em parceria, língua de publicação dos textos, contribuição dos autores por sexo e nacionalidade e autocitação de suas publicações. Os dados mostram que a produção acadêmica continua sendo mais significativa entre os docentes; que as parcerias se fazem dentro das próprias instituições; que há uma tendência para a produção do sexo masculino ser mais significativa; que os autores quando se autocitam privilegiam apresentações em eventos e artigos, sendo os outros formatos menos citados. No entanto, as fontes preferenciais que dão suporte a literatura publicada nos artigos são os livros, artigos de periódicos e textos eletrônicos e a literatura listada é recente. Os dados também indicam que a ciência da informação continua com pouca interação com outras áreas do saber dificultando a interdisciplinaridade.
As possibilidades pedagógicas no ensino de metodologia da pesquisa científica em ciência da informação e os objetos deste campo científico: aproximações durkheimianas
Authors: Souza Francisco das Chagas de
Published: August 2011

Resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória e qualitativa, o texto argumenta que três enfoques estão presentes no processo educacional das disciplinas de Metodologia da Pesquisa Científica em Ciência da Informação, ou seja, a partir dos fatos sociais da Ciência da Informação, da tipologia da pesquisa e da teoria social. Defende a idéia de que há uma relação direta entre o ensino / aprendizagem da Metodologia Científica e as condições educacionais e de infra-estrutura informacional ofertadas no ensino fundamental e médio. Vê que as possibilidades pedagógicas do ensino de Metodologia Científica em Ciência da Informação estão relacionadas com a prática da escrita a qual depende da prática da leitura.
A data portal for regional climatic trend analysis in a Peruvian High Andes region
Authors: Schwarb M. , Acuña D. , Konzelmann Th. , Rohrer M. , Salzmann N. , Serpa Lopez B. , Silvestre E.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. In the frame of a Swiss-Peruvian climate change adaptation initiative (PACC), operational and historical data series of more than 100 stations of the Peruvian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (SENAMHI) are now accessible in a dedicated data portal. The data portal allows for example the comparison of data series or the interpolation of spatial fields as well as download of data in various data formats. It is thus a valuable tool supporting the process of data homogenisation and generation of a regional baseline climatology for a sound development of adequate climate change adaptation measures. The procedure to homogenize air-temperature and precipitation data series near Cusco city is outlined and followed by an exemplary trend analysis. Local air temperature trends are found to be in line with global mean trends.
CCVD Synthesis of Carbon‐Encapsulated Cobalt Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Lukanov Petar , Anuganti Vijay K. , Krupskaya Yulia , Galibert Anne‐Marie , Soula Brigitte , Tilmaciu Carmen , Velders Aldrik H. , Klingeler Ruediger , Büchner Bernd , Flahaut Emmanuel
Published: August 2011

Carbon‐encapsulated ferromagnetic Cobalt nanoparticles (Co@C) have been synthesized by catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD). The nanoparticles, mainly ranging between 10 and 15 nm, are tightly encapsulated by 2–3 concentric graphitic carbon shells and protected from oxidation. Because of their magnetic properties (saturation magnetization of 106 emu/g and a coercivity HC of 250 Oe), Co@C nanoparticles have been investigated for hyperthermia application. Although the observed values of the specific absorption rate (28.7 W/gCo@C at 30 kA/m and 215.4 W/gCo@C at 70 kA/m) are slightly lower than required in actual hyperthermia therapies, the observed strong heating effect provides a very promising starting point for future clinical application. It is also demonstrated that these nanoparticles can at the same time be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with an efficiency comparable to commercially available T2 contrast agents.
ph‐Dependent Synthesis of Pepsin‐Mediated Gold Nanoclusters with Blue Green and Red Fluorescent Emission
Authors: Kawasaki Hideya , Hamaguchi Kenji , Osaka Issey , Arakawa Ryuichi
Published: August 2011

This report demonstrates the first pH‐dependent synthesis of pepsin‐mediated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with blue‐, green‐, and red‐fluorescent emission from Au5 (Au8), Au13, and Au25, respectively. Pepsin is a gastric aspartic proteinase (molecular weight, 34 550 g/mol) that plays an integral role in the digestive process of vertebrates. It was found that the pH of the reaction solution was critical in determining the size of Au NCs (i.e., the number of gold atoms of AuNCs). Interestingly, enzyme function of pepsin contributes to the formation of these AuNCs. The photo‐stability of the Au25 (or Au13) NCs is much higher than that of Au5NCs (i.e., Au25 ∼ Au13 > > Au5). The pepsin‐mediated Au25NCs were also found to be useful as fluorescent sensors for the detection of Pb2+ ions by enhanced fluorescence and the detection of Hg2+ ions by fluorescence quenching. Although the detailed formation mechanisms of these AuNCs require further analysis, the synthetic route using proteinase demonstrated here is promising for preparing new types of fluorescent metal nanoclusters for application in catalysis, optics, biological labeling, and sensing.
Tissue‐specific mosaicism for tetrasomy 9p uncovered by array CGH
Authors: Shehab Marwa I. , Mazen Inas , Bint Susan
Published: August 2011

We report on a patient with a mild clinical phenotype, including genital anomalies, with mosaic tetrasomy 9p. Karyotype analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes detected a supernumerary isochromosome 9p present in every cell, with the initial result being reported as tetrasomy 9p in non‐mosaic form. However, array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) studies on DNA extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes and saliva showed that the patient had tissue‐specific mosaicism, with a lower level of abnormal cells in the saliva. These results correlate with the patient's clinical features as non‐mosaic cases of tetrasomy 9p have a more severe, often lethal, clinical phenotype. If non‐mosaic tetrasomy 9p is identified in a peripheral blood culture then examination of a different tissue type should be undertaken. Array CGH may be used as an alternative to karyotype analysis to estimate the level of mosaicism, and may eliminate the need for invasive skin biopsy as samples such as buccal smear and saliva can be used. Array CGH is able to detect mosaicism, establish the euchromatic content of supernumerary marker chromosomes, and identify imbalances elsewhere in the genome allowing more accurate counselling and prognosis for patients. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No brain expansion in Australopithecus boisei
Authors: Hawks John
Published: August 2011

The endocranial volumes of robust australopithecine fossils appear to have increased in size over time. Most evidence with temporal resolution is concentrated in East African Australopithecus boisei. Including the KNM‐WT 17000 cranium, this sample comprises 11 endocranial volume estimates ranging in date from 2.5 million to 1.4 million years ago. But the sample presents several difficulties to a test of trend, including substantial estimation error for some specimens and an unusually low variance. This study reevaluates the evidence, using randomization methods and a related test using an explicit model of variability. None of these tests applied to the A. boisei endocranial volume sample produces significant evidence for a trend in that species, whether or not the early KNM‐WT 17000 specimen is included. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of nasopharyngeal papillomatosis with coblation: a case series
Authors: Peters Geoffrey , McLaughlin Kevin , Nuss Daniel W.
Published: August 2011

Background:

Nasopharyngeal papillomatosis is uncommon. Access and visualization make excision difficult, increasing the risk for recurrence. We present a novel technique for excision of nasopharyngeal papillomatosis.

Methods:

A case series of 3 patients with recurrent papilloma of the nasopharynx (NP) were treated with endoscopic transnasal coblation. We used an Arthrocare EVac 70 Coblator (setting: coblation‐9, coagulation‐5).

Results:

Using transnasal endoscopic coblation, we performed complete excision in 3 patients with recurrent papilloma of the NP (4 total procedures). There were no complications. One patient had a minor recurrence, which was successfully re‐excised with the same technique.

Conclusion:

Nasopharyngeal papillomas can be difficult to excise. Multiple techniques have been described using a transoral approach, with no reported complications. However, surgical access to the entire NP is more challenging with a transoral approach. Also, bleeding and poor visualization secondary to bleeding can be encountered with these techniques. These problems were not encountered with transnasal coblation. The absence of eschar and decreased collateral thermal damage make coblation preferable to cauterization or laser excision. This proposed technique enables more complete visualization and removal of disease, which may reduce recurrence rates. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Evaluation of injection‐molding simulation tools to model the cure kinetics of rubbers
Authors: Arrillaga A. , Zaldua A. M. , Farid A. S.
Published: August 2011

Rubber injection molding is a process whereby a rubber mix is injected into a closed mold where the material is shaped to the desired geometry. Having completely filled the cavity rubber mix is vulcanized. Vulcanization is the process whereby a viscous and tacky uncured rubber is converted into an elastic material through the incorporation of chemical crosslinks between the polymer chains. The degree of cure achieved depends on the formulation recipe and the time–temperature history endured by the material during the curing process while in the mold. The aim of this study was to check the capability of commercial injection‐molding simulation tools, such as Moldflow and Cadmould, to predict the degree of cure achieved in spiral‐shaped parts when subjected to various cure cycles. To use the simulation tools, it was necessary to characterize the material in terms of their thermal properties and kinetic behavior during curing. The degrees of cure were determined with swelling techniques and by the measurement of the residual cure exotherms with differential scanning calorimetry. On comparing the experimental values of the degree of cure with those predicted by the simulation tools, we found that the initial simulations underestimated the degrees of cure. Consequently, the criteria used to calculate the cure model parameters were modified to invoke faster cures. In so doing, good agreement was achieved between the degrees of cure predicted by the simulations and those obtained experimentally.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of triazine‐based dendrimers and their application in metal ion adsorption
Authors: Golikand Ahmad Nozad , Didehban Khadijeh , Irannejad Leila
Published: August 2011

This article described the synthesis of triazine‐based dendrimers with poly(ethylene glycol) core by convergent method. Compound 1 was prepared by coupling of amino group of diethanolamine with cyanuric chloride in dry THF (tetrahydrofuran). Reaction of compound 1 with p‐aminobenzylamine resulted in compound 2. Compound 4 was synthesized using coupling reaction of amino group of compound 2 with cyanuric chloride, then coupling of amine groups of p‐aminobenzylamine with compound 3 in the hybrid solvents. The final dendrimer (den‐OH) were synthesized using reaction of dendron 4 with compound 5. Ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid modified final dendrimer were successfully prepared via coupling ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride and den‐OH. The growth of dendrons and their structures were investigated by using usual spectroscopy methods and elemental analysis. The chelating behavior and sorption capacities of triazine dendrimers were determined in relation to pH dependency for some metal ions such as Cu+2, Ni+2, and Zn+2 using atomic absorption methods. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of surface treatment on the physicomechanical and thermal properties of high‐density polyethylene/olive husk flour composites
Authors: Ihamouchen C. , Djidjelli H. , Boukerrou A. , Krim S. , Kaci M. , Martinez J. J.
Published: August 2011

In this study, a particular interest was focused on the recovery of lignocellulosic waste of olive husk flour (OHF) by its incorporation as filler in manufacturing composite materials based on high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix with various filler contents (10, 20, and 30 wt %). The problem of incompatibility between the hydrophilic filler and the hydrophobic matrix was treated with two methods: the first method consists of using maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as compatibilizer in HDPE/OHF composites. The second method, was focused on the chemical modification of OHF by vinyl‐triacetoxy‐silane (VTAS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to analyze both grafting and silanization reactions involved. Scanning electron microscopy was used to show the morphology of the flour surface. Furthermore, the physicomechanical and thermal characteristics of the various composite samples were investigated as a function of filler contents and treatment types. The results showed that the properties of the composite materials are positively affected by the silanization treatment of OHF and also by MAPE addition. However, better mechanical and thermal properties with less moisture absorption were obtained for the composite materials compatibilized with MAPE. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Characterization of cationic polyacrylamide‐grafted starch flocculant synthesized by one‐step reaction
Authors: Cao Jianping , Zhang Sheng , Han Baoli , Feng Qingli , Guo Lan fang
Published: August 2011

Cationic polyacrylamide‐grafted starch (St‐g‐CPAM) flocculant was prepared by using corn starch and acrylamide (AM) as monomers, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) as cationic monomer through solution polymerization. The effects of initiator, reaction temperature, and monomer concentration on flocculation, the efficiency of grafting, and the yield of grafting were investigated. The results show that the optimal conditions of the polymerization are as follows: the concentration of ceric ammonium nitrate is 0.5%, the reaction temperature is 60°C, the concentration of total monomer is 20%, and the monomer ratio between AM and DMDAAC is 7 : 3. The flocculation capability was characterized by turbidity reduction. The thermal behavior, chemical structure, and microstructure of St‐g‐CPAM were also investigated by thermal gravimetric, IR, and SEM analyses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Determination of imidol hydrochloride in human plasma and urine by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Shi Zhengyuan , Bi Kaishun , Li Yang , Hu Xin , Li Kexin , Gong Ping , Chen Xiaohui
Published: August 2011

Imidol hydrochloride is a novel drug for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. A simple, special and sensitive solid‐phase extraction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of imidol in human plasma and urine was developed for the first time and applied to a pharmacokinetic study. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 µm) using gradient elution with acetonitrile and water both containing 0.1% acetic acid at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring mode via a positive eletrospray ionization source. The mass transition pairs of m/z 517.8 → 325 and m/z 298 → 174 were used to detect imidol and the (−)‐clausenamide (internal standard), respectively. The retention times of imidol and (−)‐clausenamide were 2.5 and 2.7 min, respectively. Linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, dilution test and stability were evaluated during method validation over the range of 0.2–500 ng/mL in human plasma and 0.5–500 ng/mL in urine. The method was successfully applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study of imidol in healthy volunteers following oral administration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protoberberine Alkaloids Berberine, Palmatine, and Coralyne Binding to Poly(dT)⋅(Poly(dA)⋅Poly(dT)) Triplex: Comparative Structural Aspects and Energetics Profiles of the Interaction
Authors: Sinha Rangana , Saha Ishita , Kumar Gopinatha Suresh
Published: August 2011

The interaction of bioactive protoberberine alkaloids berberine, palmatine, and coralyne with the DNA triplex poly(dT)⋅(poly(dA)⋅poly(dT)) was studied using biophysical and calorimetric techniques. All three alkaloids bound the triplex cooperatively. Berberine and palmatine predominantly stabilized the triplex structure, while coralyne stabilized both triplex and duplex structures as inferred from optical thermal melting profiles. Fluorescence quenching, polarization, and viscometric studies hinted at an intercalative mode of binding for the alkaloids to the triplex, coralyne being more strongly intercalated compared to partial intercalation of berberine and palmatine. The overall affinity of coralyne was two order higher (2.29×107 M−1) than that of berberine (3.43×105 M−1) and palmatine (2.34×105 M−1). Isothermal titration calorimetric studies revealed that the binding to the triplex was favored by negative enthalpy change (ΔH=−3.34 kcal/mol) with favorable entropy contribution (TΔS = 4.07 kcal/mol) for berberine, favored by almost equal negative enthalpy (ΔH =−3.88 kcal/mol) and entropy changes (TΔS = 3.37 kcal/mol) for palmatine, but driven by large enthalpy contributions (ΔH =−25.62 kcal/mol and TΔS =−15.21 kcal/mol) for coralyne. These results provide new insights on the binding of isoquinoline alkaloids to the DNA triplex structure.
GC (Guanine‐Cytosine)‐Selective DNA‐Binding and Antitumor Activity of a QuercetinManganese(II) Complex
Authors: Tan Jun , Zhu Liancai , Wang Bochu
Published: August 2011

The DNA binding and cleavage properties of quercetinmanganese(II) complexes have been studied, but little attention has been devoted to the relationship between the antitumor activity of these complexes and the DNA‐binding properties. Here, the DNA binding properties of the quercetinmanganese(II) complex [Mn(Que)2(H2O)2] were studied using UV/VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. The results indicate that the complex was preferentially bound to DNA in the GC (guaninecytosine)‐rich regions via an intercalative mode. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity experiments confirmed its apoptosis‐inducing activity. We also demonstrated that the levels of survivin protein expression in HepG2 cells decreased and that the relative activity of caspase‐3 significantly increased after treatment with the complex. Hence, our results suggest that the antitumor activity of the [Mn(Que)2(H2O)2] complex might be related to its intercalation into DNA and its DNA‐binding selectivity.
The Logvinenko object color atlas in practice
Authors: Godau Christoph , Funt Brian
Published: August 2011

Recently, Logvinenko introduced a new object‐color space defining a complete object‐color atlas that is invariant to illumination.1 However, the existing implementation for calculating the new atlas's color descriptors is computationally expensive and does not work for all types of illuminants. A new algorithm is presented here that efficiently calculates the required color descriptors over large data sets and across a wide variety of illuminants. Its Matlab implementation has been made available online. The algorithm is then used to explore some features and possible applications of Logvinenko's color atlas. In particular, it is applied to images to investigate the perceptual correlates of the color descriptors; it is used to predict how images change under a change of scene illumination; and it is used to evaluate how changes in illumination and sensor sensitivities affect the mapping from the Munsell to NCS color atlases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011;
Imipramine treatment reverses depressive‐like behavior in alloxan‐diabetic rats
Authors: Ceretta Luciane B. , Réus Gislaine Z. , Stringari Roberto B. , Ribeiro Karine F. , Zappellini Giovanni , Aguiar Bianca W. , Pfaffenseller Bianca , Lersh Camila , Kapczinski Flávio , Quevedo João
Published: August 2011

Background

A growing body of evidence has shown an association between diabetes and depression, as well a role of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in diabetes and depression. The present study was designed to evaluate the behavioural and molecular effects of the anti‐depressant imipramine in diabetic rats.

Methods

To this aim, after induction of diabetes by alloxan (150 mg/kg), Wistar rats were treated with imipramine (30 mg/kg) once a day for 14 days and then subjected to behavioural tests. BDNF was then assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala.

Results

In diabetic rats treated with saline, we observed an increase in the immobility time, compared with control rats treated with saline. Treatment with imipramine decreased the immobility time in nondiabetic and diabetic rats, compared with both nondiabetic and diabetic rats treated with saline. In the open‐field test, it was observed that treatment with imipramine reduced the number of crossings the diabetic rats performed, compared with nondiabetic rats treated with saline. The number of rearings did not alter in any of the groups. Diabetic rats injected with saline did not show altered BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus or amygdala, but interestingly, the treatment with imipramine in diabetic animals increased BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex.

Conclusions

In conclusion, this study demonstartes a link between diabetes and depression in rats and that imipramine exerted antidepressant effects in diabetic animals. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Furanone Derivatives from Aspergillus sp. XW‐12, an Endophytic Fungus in Huperzia serrata
Authors: Zhan Zha‐Jun , Jin Jian‐Ping , Ying You‐Min , Shan Wei‐Guang
Published: August 2011

Two new 5‐methoxyfuran‐3(2H)‐one derivatives, huaspenone A (1) and B (2), together with four known ones, i.e., aspertetronin A (3), aspertetronin B (4), gregatin E (5), and penicilliol A (6), were isolated from the cultures of an endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. XW‐12, derived from the stems of Huperzia serrata. The structures of the new isolates were established by detailed interpretation of the 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS data.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected (2S)‐2,3‐Diaminopropanoates through Catalytic Phase‐Transfer Aza‐Henry Reaction
Authors: Kumaraswamy Gullapalli , Pitchaiah Arigala
Published: August 2011

The syntheses of enantiomer‐enriched orthogonally protected different (2S)‐2,3‐diaminopropanoates and unnatural furyl‐substituted (tert‐butoxy)carbonyl (Boc) as well as (benzyloxy)carbonyl (Cbz) protected amino acid esters are accomplished by means of an enantioselective aza‐Henry reaction. A key feature of this protocol is organocatalysis as a genesis of chirality to ensure high enantioselectivity.
Two New Indole Alkaloids from the Bark of Anthocephalus chinensis
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Yu , Yang Xiao‐Hong , Li Shang‐Zhen , Song Qi‐Shi
Published: August 2011

Two new indole alkaloids, cadambinic acid (1) and isonauclefidine (2), were isolated from the bark of Anthocephalus chinensis. The structures were identified by spectroscopic methods, and the compounds were tested for their biological activities. Both compounds showed weak cytotoxicities against A549, BGC‐823, and HeLa cells in biological assays.
Perfusion culture enhanced human endometrial stromal cell growth in alginate‐multivalent integrin α5β1 ligand scaffolds
Authors: Li Zhaohui , Kreiner Michaela , Edrada‐Ebel RuAngelie , Cui Zhanfeng , van der Walle Christopher F. , Mardon Helen J.
Published: August 2011

A method to functionalize alginate by introducing monomeric or self‐assembling (tetrameric) fibronectin (FN) domains is described, leading to a functional scaffold, which is used for three dimensional (3D) culture of human endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs). EnSCs encapsulated in the functional alginate were cultured under perfusion using the TissueFlex® platform, a multiple parallel microbioreactor system for 3D cell culture. The effect of the novel scaffold and the effect of perfusion were examined. Cell viability, proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition were determined and the results compared with those obtained with cells encapsulated in non‐functionalized alginate, and also those without perfusion. Staining for focal adhesions and actin showed maximal cell adhesion only for alginate‐tetrameric FN scaffolds under perfusion, associated with a significant increase in cell number over 7 days culture; in contrast to poor cell adhesion and a decrease in cell number for non‐functionalized alginate scaffolds (irrespective of perfused/static culture) and 3D static culture (irrespective of the scaffold). Conjugation of alginate to FN was an absolute requirement to attenuate the loss of cell metabolic activity over 7 days culture. ECM deposition for blank alginate and alginate‐monomeric FN was similar, but increased around 2‐fold and 3‐fold for alginate‐tetrameric FN under static and perfusion culture, respectively. It is concluded that the requirement for EnSC engagement with multivalent integrin α5β1 ligands and perfused culture are both essential as a first step toward endometrial tissue engineering. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Mechanical characterization and biocompatibility of a novel reinforced fascia patch for rotator cuff repair
Authors: Aurora Amit , Mesiha Mena , Tan Carmela D. , Walker Esteban , Sahoo Sambit , Iannotti Joseph P. , McCarron Jesse A. , Derwin Kathleen A.
Published: August 2011

To provide mechanical augmentation for rotator cuff repair, it is necessary (though perhaps not sufficient) that scaffolds have tendon‐like material and suture retention properties, be applied to the repair in a surgically appropriate manner, and maintain their mechanical properties for an acceptable period of time following surgery. While allograft fascia lata has material, structural, and biochemical properties similar to tendon tissue, its poor suture retention properties abrogates its potential as an augmentation device. The goal of this work was to design a novel reinforced fascia patch with suture retention and stiffness properties adequate to provide mechanical augmentation for rotator cuff repair. Fascia was reinforced by stitching with PLLA or PLLA/PGA polymer braids. Reinforced fascia patches had a maximum construct load greater than (or equal to) the suture retention properties of human rotator cuff tendon (∼250N) at time zero and after in vivo implantation for 12 weeks in a rat subcutaneous model. The patches were able to withstand the 2500 loading cycles projected for the early post‐operative period. The patches also demonstrated biocompatibility with the host using a rat abdominal wall defect model. These studies suggest the potential use of reinforced fascia patches to provide mechanical augmentation, minimize tendon retraction and possibly reduce the incidence of rotator cuff repair failure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Land cover, climate, and the summer surface energy balance in Phoenix, AZ, and Portland, OR
Authors: Middel Ariane , Brazel Anthony J. , Gober Patricia , Myint Soe W. , Chang Heejun , Duh Jiunn‐Der
Published: August 2011

Changes in land use and land cover alter the local energy balance and contribute to distinct urban climates. This paper presents a local‐scale above‐canopy study of intra‐urban land cover mixes in two cities to analyse the relative effects of surface morphology and local climate on the surface energy balance (SEB). The study is conducted for urban areas in Phoenix, Arizona, and Portland, Oregon, cities with distinct climates but similarly warm and dry summers. A Local‐Scale Urban Meteorological Parameterization Scheme (LUMPS) is used to analyse the relative contributions of local weather extremes and land cover variations on the urban energy balance. The partitioning of net all‐wave radiation into turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes as well as heat storage is investigated for a typical dry summer month and two extreme weather scenarios in the two cities. Results of sensitivity analyses show that incoming solar radiation is an important driver of the SEB in LUMPS and should be considered in the generation of climate scenarios. The relationship between individual land cover fractions and SEB fluxes is not clear because of interrelated effects of surface characteristics in the land cover mix. Daytime Bowen ratios vary inversely with vegetation fraction between and within cities for all weather scenarios. Impervious surface cover is positively correlated to the available energy that is partitioned into sensible heat. Cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) is similar for average weather conditions across medium wet sites in Phoenix and Portland but varies more in Portland than in Phoenix under extreme weather conditions. Results suggest that land cover manipulation could offset influences of weather extremes on ET in Portland to a certain degree but not in Phoenix. These findings highlight the importance of spatial and climatic context in the urban design process to mitigate the effects of urbanization. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
A multislice single breath‐hold scheme for imaging alveolar oxygen tension in humans
Authors: Hamedani Hooman , Kadlecek Stephen J. , Emami Kiarash , Kuzma Nicholas N. , Xu Yinan , Xin Yi , Mongkolwisetwara Puttisarn , Rajaei Jennia , Barulic Amy , Wilson Miller G. , Rossman Milton , Ishii Masaru , Rizi Rahim R.
Published: August 2011

Reliable, noninvasive, and high‐resolution imaging of alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (pAO2) is a potentially valuable tool in the early diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Several techniques have been proposed for regional measurement of pAO2 based on the increased depolarization rate of hyperpolarized 3He. In this study, we explore one such technique by applying a multislice pAO2‐imaging scheme that uses interleaved‐slice ordering to utilize interslice time‐delays more efficiently. This approach addresses the low spatial resolution and long breath‐hold requirements of earlier techniques, allowing pAO2 measurements to be made over the entire human lung in 10–15 s with a typical resolution of 8.3 × 8.3 × 15.6 mm3. PO2 measurements in a glass syringe phantom were in agreement with independent gas analysis within 4.7 ± 4.1% (R = 0.9993). The technique is demonstrated in four human subjects (healthy nonsmoker, healthy former smoker, healthy smoker, and patient with COPD), each imaged six times on 3 different days during a 2‐week span. Two independent measurements were performed in each session, consisting of 12 coronal slices. The overall pAO2 mean across all subjects was 95.9 ± 12.2 Torr and correlated well with end‐tidal O2 (R = 0.805, P < 0.0001). The alveolar O2 uptake rate was consistent with the expected range of 1–2 Torr/s. Repeatable visual features were observed in pAO2 maps over different days, as were characteristic differences among the subjects and gravity‐dependent effects. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations sensitivity on typhoon track forecasts
Authors: Qin Xiaohao , Mu Mu
Published: August 2011

This study investigates the influence on typhoon track forecasts by the Mesoscale Model5 and 3D‐Var system of assimilating additional simulated dropsonde data in sensitive regions identified by Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbations (CNOPs) for seven typhoons in the western North Pacific. As a reference, a similar analysis was performed for the sensitive regions identified by Singular Vectors (SVs), using the same model and assimilation system as that in the case of CNOPs.

Six of the seven cases show an improvement in typhoon track forecasts, with the degree of improvement being 13%–46% in the CNOPs sensitive regions and 14%–25% in SVs sensitive regions. Furthermore, track forecasts that consider dropsonde data show improved performance not only during the optimization period for these six cases (24–48 h), when CNOPs and SVs sensitivities were calculated, but for longer forecast times of 48–72 h. However, relatively large observation errors result in reduced forecast performance for the remaining typhoon case. These results show that the deployment of dropsondes in sensitive regions identified by CNOPs has an overall positive influence on typhoon track forecasts, suggesting in turn that CNOPs can be utilized as an adaptive method in determining sensitive regions in adaptive observations. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Fine‐grained user access control in ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption
Authors: Hur Junbeom , Park Chanil , Hwang Seong Oun
Published: August 2011

Key revocation is one of the most challenging and open issues in attribute‐based encryption (ABE). The previous revocable ABE schemes feature a mechanism that revokes the attribute key periodically without any consideration of the user membership associated with the attribute. Thus, non‐revoked users are enforced to access the key authority periodically to receive keying materials in order to update the current key. This is due to the fact that the revocation is done only on the attribute level, which results in security and scalability problems. In this paper, we propose a fine‐grained user revocation scheme without affecting any non‐revoked users who share the same attributes in ciphertext‐policy ABE; it does not require the users to access the key authority and to update keys periodically. The proposed scheme improves the efficiency compared with previous revocable schemes and enhances the security in terms of the backward/forward secrecy on any membership changes in the ciphertext‐policy ABE system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constructions of 1‐resilient Boolean functions on odd number of variables with a high nonlinearity
Authors: Zhang Fengrong , Hu Yupu , Xie Min , Wei Yongzhuang
Published: August 2011

In this paper, we concentrate on the design of 1‐resilient Boolean functions with desirable cryptographic properties. Firstly, we put forward a novel secondary construction to obtain 1‐resilient functions. Next, we present the relationships between the properties of these constructed 1‐resilient functions and that of the initial functions. Based on the construction and a class of bent functions on n variables, we can obtain a class of (n + 3)‐variable 1‐resilient non‐separable cryptographic functions with a high algebraic immunity, whose nonlinearity is equal to the bent concatenation bound 2n + 2 − 2(n + 2)/2. Furthermore, we propose a set of 1‐resilient non‐separable functions on odd number of variables with an optimal algebraic degree, a high algebraic immunity, and a high nonlinearity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EIS and XPS studies on passive film of AISI 304 stainless steel in dilute sulfuric acid solution
Authors: Lai W. Y. , Zhao W. Z. , Yin Z. F. , Zhang J.
Published: August 2011

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and XPS studies on AISI 304 stainless steel in naturally aerated 0.5 M H2SO4 solution were carried out at room temperature. The valuable model of the metal/solution interphase was established, and the reliable equivalent electrical circuits in the solution were presented. The analysis of the chemical composition of passive film on AISI 304 stainless steel was carried out by XPS. The passive film of AISI 304 stainless steel is composed of oxyhydroxides, Fe2O3, FeO, Cr2O3, NiO, sulfate, sulfite, and sulfide (FeS, NiS). It is reported that the ferrous sulfide film formed on AISI 304 stainless steel in the dilute sulfuric acid solution. The possible process in which sulfuric acid is reduced to sulfite and sulfide is proposed. The galvanic interaction of sulfide inclusions with the base alloy is introduced. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of an intact liposome layer adsorbed on oxidized gold confirmed by three complementary techniques: QCM‐D, AFM and confocal fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Serro A. P. , Carapeto A. , Paiva G. , Farinha J. P. S. , Colaço R. , Saramago B.
Published: August 2011

Supported layers of vesicles of dimyristoyl and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC and DPPC) containing cholesterol (CHOL) are adequate models for eukaryotic plasma membranes. Among the possible substrates to support these layers, gold offers the possibility of being used as an electrode for application in sensors. However, the formation of intact liposome layers on gold is not completely understood and several authors use more or less complex strategies to bind the liposomes. In this work we investigate the adsorption of unilamellar vesicles of DMPC, DMPC/CHOL and DMPC/DPPC/CHOL on the surface of oxidized gold using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, atomic force microscopy and laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy. The results of all techniques indicate that for lipid concentrations ≥ 0.7 mg⋅mL–1 a dense layer of intact liposomes irreversibly adsorbs on the gold surface. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of a Chondroitin Sulfate Isomer as an Effective and Removable Dispersant of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yan Liang Yu , Li Weifeng , Mesgari Sara , Leong Susanna S. J. , Chen Yuan , Loo Leslie S. , Mu Yuguang , Chan‐Park Mary B.
Published: August 2011

Three isomers of chondroitin sulfate (CS), i.e., CS‐A, CS‐B, and CS‐C, are investigated as nanotube dispersants and are found to have vastly different abilities to disperse single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water due to their different intramolecular interactions. Only CS‐A and CS‐C effectively disperse SWNTs into small bundles or individual tubes while CS‐B disperses SWNTs poorly. Computer simulation and circular dichrosim show that neat CS‐A and CS‐C have weak intramolecular hydrogen bonding and extended conformations in solution resulting in energetically more favorable interactions with nanotubes. CS‐B has relatively strong intramolecular Coulombic interaction and more alpha‐helical secondary structure in solution resulting in energetically less favorable interaction with the nanotubes. Atomic force microscopy images show helical wrappings of CS‐A and CS‐C around the SWNTs. Transmission electron microscopy corroborates the helical wrapping of CS‐A. Different isomeric forms of a polymer can have vastly different dispersing power because of their different intramolecular interactions and conformations. The easy removability of CS‐A from nanotubes is confirmed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showing almost no detectable sulphur content after washing with water and by application of washed CS‐A dispersed SWNTs in field‐effect transistors.
Inducible Cassette Exchange: A Rapid and Efficient System Enabling Conditional Gene Expression in Embryonic Stem and Primary Cells
Authors: Iacovino Michelina , Bosnakovski Darko , Fey Holger , Rux Danielle , Bajwa Gagan , Mahen Elisabeth , Mitanoska Ana , Xu Zhaohui , Kyba Michael
Published: August 2011

Genetic modification is critically enabling for studies addressing specification and maintenance of cell fate; however, methods for engineering modifications are inefficient. We demonstrate a rapid and efficient recombination system in which an inducible, floxed cre allele replaces itself with an incoming transgene. We target this inducible cassette exchange (ICE) allele to the (HPRT) locus and demonstrate recombination in murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primary cells from derivative ICE mice. Using lentivectors, we demonstrate recombination at a randomly integrated ICE locus in human ESCs. To illustrate the utility of this system, we insert the myogenic regulator, Myf5, into the ICE locus in each platform. This enables efficient directed differentiation of mouse and human ESCs into skeletal muscle and conditional myogenic transdetermination of primary cells cultured in vitro. This versatile tool is thus well suited to gain-of-function studies probing gene function in the specification and reprogramming of cell fate.
Islam, Politics and Violence in Eastern Sri Lanka
Authors: Klem Bart
Published: August 2011

This article bridges Sri Lankan studies and the academic debate on the relation between contemporary Islam and politics. It constitutes a case study of the Muslim community in Akkaraipattu on Sri Lanka's war-ridden east coast. Over two decades of ethnically colored conflict have made Muslim identity of paramount importance, but the meanings attached to that identity vary substantively. Politicians, mosque leaders, Sufis and Tablighis define the ethnic, religious and political dimensions of “Muslimness” differently and this leads to intra-Muslim contradictions. The case study thus helps resolve the puzzle of Sri Lankan Muslims: they are surrounded by hostility, but they continue to be internally divided. Akkaraipattu's Muslims jockey between principled politics, pragmatic politics and anti-politics, because they have to navigate different trajectories. This article thus corroborates recent studies on Islam elsewhere that argue for contextualized and nuanced approaches to the variegated interface between Islam and politics.
Subjective Well-being in Later Life: 20 Years after the Butterworths Monograph Series on Individual and Population Aging
Authors: Stones Michael , Kozma Albert , McNeil Kevin , Worobetz Sarah
Published: August 2011

Cet article examine l’évolution de la théorie et la recherche sur le bonheur deux décennies après la publication du Psychological Well-Being in Later Life (Butterworths, 1991) par Albert Kozma, Michael Stones, et Kevin McNeil. Les avancements empiriques majeurs comprennent de nouvelles connaissances au sujet des contributions au bonheur résultants d’effets liés génétiquement et leur personnalité. Les traits de personnalité exercent des relations plus fortes avec le bonheur que ne l’était il ya 20 ans et de contribuent à la covariance entre le bonheur et certains ses prédicteurs. Accents de recherche en évolution comprennent les façons dont les effets qui sont génétiquement liés influencent la manière dont on forme et réagit à son environnement.
The Communitarian Turn: Myth or Reality?
Authors: CHADWICK RUTH
Published: August 2011

This quotation from the London Review of Books is an example of a turn—a different way of looking at things that involves a redefinition of the kind of thing higher education is and how it should be provided. It is a turn away from a public good perspective—the opposite, it might be said, of the kind of turn addressed in this article.
Summerschool DGOU – Was macht der Nachwuchs in O und U?
Authors: Kubosch D , Depeweg D , Dragowsky K , Moradi B , Perl M , Münzberg M
Published: August 2011

What are the young academics in O und U doing?

The shortage of junior doctors is a very important and acute issue. One reason is the impending shortage of doctors and the lack of young medical professionals.

Professional societies take this very seriously and are working hard on a solution. One of the many offerings that are designed for students of medicine is the annual "Summer School” of the German DGOU (German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery).

This article focuses on the SummerSchool of the DGOU and the feedback by the students who attended this Summer School 2010 in Homburg. Its particular interest lies in the question of whether such events are effective in creating an interest for young doctors.

For the evaluation of the course, a questionnaire was created, which had a total of 14 questions. The questionnaire gave the students an opportunity to provide both positive and negative feedback through the use of a sliding scale, 1 being the best and 10 the worst.

The evaluation showed that the overall perception was positive, with some excellent ratings given. In particular personal interaction was an outstanding point. Also the subject Orthopaedics and Trauma Care was better communicated to the students and thus left a longer-lasting impression.

Overall it can be said that formats such as the DGOU Summer School are an important tool in the development of young health care professionals, and that they play a vital part in the attraction of young health care professionals.What seemed of great importance in this context was the close contact and exchange of experience with the teachers.

More time and observations are still required to determine whether or not these efforts had the desired effect on influencing students to choose Orthopaedics and Trauma Care.
Comment on “Thermal frequency noise in dynamic scanning force microscopy” [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 024310 (2011)]
Authors: Gauthier Sébastien
Published: August 2011

The goal of Colchero et al.’s paper [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 024310 (2011)] is to extend the expression of the frequency noise generated by the thermal fluctuation of the cantilever in a non contact (or frequency modulation) force microscope from the low to the large measurement bandwidth regime. We claim that this expression is already valid in the large measurement bandwidth regime and does not need any extension. We propose a simple calculation that supports this affirmation.