bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La « porte entrebâillée du journalisme », une brèche vers la Cité ?
Authors: Primi Alice
Published: October 2009

Résumé Entre 1830 et 1870, des femmes politiquement engagées fondent leur journal ou bien écrivent des articles pour intervenir dans les débats de leur temps. Si minoritaire soit-elle, leur activité nous renseigne sur le rôle que la presse a pu jouer pour des individus ou bien des groupes qui, à l’instar des femmes, désiraient se faire reconnaître comme citoyens, alors qu’ils étaient exclus de la vie politique.
Introduction à une nouvelle ère de la série télévisée : Buffy contre les vampires, incarnation du pouvoir féminin ?
Authors: Bertho Vanessa
Published: October 2009

Si la télévision est le miroir du système symbolique de la société occidentale contemporaine, la série américaine Buffy contre les vampires illustre le renouveau des séries fantastiques pour les 10/25 ans et l’intérêt pour le féminisme sous cette forme originale. Créée en 1996 par Joss Whedon, elle narre les aventures d’une Tueuse de vampires devant concilier vie de lycéenne puis d’étudiante, et lutte contre les forces du Mal. Au-delà du simple aspect diégétique du programme, le créateur a cherché à transmettre un message ouvertement féministe et en phase avec les nouvelles attentes des téléspectatrices. La régénération fictionnelle ouvre ainsi la voie à de nouvelles héroïnes indépendantes et combatives.
Le Quotidien (1923-1936), instrument de conquête électorale et relais d'influence
Authors: Dubasque François
Published: October 2009

Résumé Le Quotidien , journal fondé en 1923 par Henri Dumay, réunit une équipe de plumes de gauche dont l’ambition est de promouvoir un programme alternatif à la politique du Bloc national et du gouvernement Poincaré. Principale voix du Cartel des gauches jusqu’en 1926, il épouse ensuite le parcours politique complexe de son principal bailleur de fonds, Jean Hennessy, riche négociant en cognac et député de la Charente. C’est donc moins le contenu du journal que l’entreprise de presse et le milieu politique qui la sous-tend que l’on se propose de sonder dans cet article. À travers l’étude de son réseau de collaborateurs et de son financement, Le Quotidien devient un terrain d’observation privilégié des évolutions médiatiques dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Son histoire témoigne d’un double échec : de la résistance à l’emprise du capitalisme sur la presse d’une part, de la victoire sur les pesanteurs d’une relation presse-politique fondée sur l’instrumentalisation des journaux au profit du jeu parlementaire et politicien d’autre part.
La fratrie, dans l'ombre de l'anorexie mentale
Authors: Cook-Darzens Solange
Published: October 2009

La thérapie familiale est reconnue comme étant l’une des approches thérapeutiques les plus efficaces dans le traitement de l’anorexie mentale de l’enfant et de l’adolescent. Pourtant, la fratrie de ces patients a longtemps été « oubliée » par les praticiens et les chercheurs et la littérature clinique ne s’est que tardivement penchée sur l’impact de la maladie sur les frères et sœurs et sur leur rôle étiologique, préventif et curatif possible. En nous appuyant sur les travaux existants ainsi que sur notre propre expérience clinique, nous nous proposons de résumer la littérature sur le rôle de la fratrie dans le développement de l’anorexie mentale, de décrire les influences réciproques (positives et négatives) entre ce sous-système familial et la maladie, pour déboucher sur une conceptualisation du rôle de la fratrie dans les processus de thérapie et de guérison et une proposition d’approches thérapeutiques et de guides pratiques destinés aux thérapeutes familiaux.
Effects of Latitude and Longitude on the Population Structure of Culex pipiens s.l., Vectors of West Nile Virus in North America
Authors: Edillo Frances , Kiszewski Anthony , Manjourides Justin , Pagano Marcello , Hutchinson Michael , Kyle Andrew , Arias Jorge , Gaines David , Lampman Richard , Novak Robert , Foppa Ivo , Lubelcyzk Charles , Smith Robert , Moncayo Abelardo , Spielman Andrew , _ _
Published: October 2009

We assessed the structure and latitudinal selection that might result in sensitivities to critical day-lengths that trigger diapause between Culex pipiens populations distributed along North-South and East-West axes in eastern North America. Strong population structure between Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus existed. Among Cx. p. pipiens, a 100-km increase in the latitudinal change resulted in an increased square root of FST by 0.002. A 100-km increase in the longitudinal change caused an increased square root of FST by 0.035. A lack of latitudinal influence on the structure between Cx. p. pipiens populations suggests a uniform signal using the 12 microsatellite markers, which might increase the risk of West Nile virus (WNV) transmission toward northern areas because of longer breeding season, extend host-seeking period, and larger population size. Northern Cx. p. pipiens may have undergone additional generations before diapause is triggered, magnifying population size when WNV amplification is peaking.
Phylogeny of Triatoma sherlocki (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) Inferred from Two Mitochondrial Genes Suggests Its Location Within the Triatoma brasiliensis Complex
Authors: Mendonça Vagner J. , da Silva Marco T. A. , de Araújo Renato F. , Júnior Joaquim Martins , Júnior Maurício Bacci , Almeida Carlos Eduardo , Costa Jane , Graminha Márcia A. S. , Cicarelli Regina M. B. , da Rosa João A.
Published: October 2009

The phylogenetic position of Triatoma sherlocki within triatomines group was inferred by analyzing mtDNA fragments of Cyt B and 16S ribosomal RNA by using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis. Despite being differentiated from members of the T. brasiliensis complex on morphologic grounds, molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests T. sherlocki is a member of this complex; moreover, it was placed as a sister species of T. melanica. These suggestions were supported by robust credibility rates. Hence, we show evidence for the paraphyletic group of the “Triatoma brasiliensis complex,” which should be composed of T. brasiliensis brasiliensis, T. brasiliensis macromelasoma, T. juazeirensis, T. melanica, and T. sherlocki.
Household Characteristics Associated with Handwashing with Soap in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Luby Stephen P. , Halder Amal K. , Tronchet Carole , Akhter Shamima , Bhuiya Abbas , Johnston Richard B.
Published: October 2009

Handwashing with soap prevents diarrhea and respiratory disease, but it is rarely practiced in high-need settings. Among 100 randomly selected villages in rural Bangladesh, field workers enrolled 10 households per village and observed and recorded household activities for 5 hours. Field workers observed 761 handwashing opportunities among household members in 527 households who had just defecated or who cleaned a child’s anus who had defecated. In the final multivariate analysis, having water available at the place to wash hands after toileting (odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.3, 4.0) and having soap available at the place to wash hands after toileting (odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.3, 3.4) were associated with washing both hands with soap after fecal contact. Interventions that improve the presence of water and soap at the designated place to wash hands would be expected to improve handwashing behavior and health.
Absence of Asymptomatic Malaria Infections in Previously High Endemic Areas of Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando S. Deepika , Abeyasinghe Rabindra R. , Galappaththy Gawrie N. L. , Rajapaksa Lalani C.
Published: October 2009

As the goal of malaria elimination from Sri Lanka is currently being pursued, this study was planned to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infections. Five health areas in Trincomalee and Kurunegala districts that reported high prevalence in the recent past were purposively selected. The smallest administrative units (GN divisions) having high malaria risk within each area were identified. From these divisions, 20% of the population was randomly selected for blood smear examination and in a 50% sub-sample polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed. A population of 3,730 from 13 GN divisions was sampled. Thick and thin Giemsa-stained blood smears were negative for malaria parasites. The PCR carried out in 50% of the study sample was also negative for malaria parasites. The findings illustrate the absence of asymptomatic carriers in previously high transmission areas and it appears that achieving malaria elimination in Sri Lanka by 2015 is feasible.
Successful Sporozoite Challenge Model in Human Volunteers with Plasmodium vivax Strain Derived from Human Donors
Authors: Herrera Sócrates , Fernández Olga , Manzano María R. , Murrain Bermans , Vergara Juana , Blanco Pedro , Palacios Ricardo , Vélez Juan D. , Epstein Judith E. , Chen-Mok Mario , Reed Zarifah H. , Arévalo-Herrera Myriam
Published: October 2009

Successful establishment of a Plasmodium vivax sporozoite challenge model in humans is described. Eighteen healthy adult, malaria-naïve volunteers were randomly allocated to Groups A–C and exposed to 3 ± 1, 6 ± 1, and 9 ± 1 bites of Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes infected with P. vivax, respectively. Seventeen volunteers developed signs and symptoms consistent with malaria, and geometric mean prepatent periods of 11.1 days (9.3–11) for Group A; 10.8 days (9.8–11.9) for Group B; and 10.6 days (8.7–12.4) for Group C, with no statistically significant difference among groups (Kruskal-Wallis, P = 0.70). One volunteer exposed to eight mosquito bites did not develop a parasitemia. No differences in parasite density were observed and all individuals successfully recovered after anti-malarial treatment. None of the volunteers developed parasite relapses within an 18-month follow-up. In conclusion, malaria-naive volunteers can be safely and reproducibly infected with bites of 2–10 An. albimanus mosquitoes carrying P. vivax sporozoites. This challenge method is suitable for vaccine and anti-malarial drug testing.
Integrating NTD Mapping Protocols: Can Surveys for Trachoma and Urinary Schistosomiasis Be Done Simultaneously?
Authors: King Jonathan D. , Eigege Abel , Richards Frank , Jip Nimzing , Umaru John , Deming Michael , Miri Emmanuel , McFarland Deborah , Emerson Paul M.
Published: October 2009

We determined whether the school-based “disease mapping” methodology used to assess urinary schistosomiasis (SCH) is useful for determining trachoma interventions and whether the district-based approach recommended for trachoma is useful for SCH control programs. We conducted two separate integrated surveys in eight districts of central Nigeria: school based and district based. A total of 17,189 children were examined for trachoma and 16,238 children were examined for hematuria from 363 schools and 2,149 households. School surveys identified 67 communities warranting praziquantel drug treatment of SCH and 142 trachoma-endemic communities warranting trachoma control activities. In district-level estimates, we identified 24 communities for praziquantel treatment and 0 for trachoma intervention. Integrating trachoma into SCH school-based surveys, and SCH into trachoma surveys, was quick and easy, but in this setting, school-based surveys were more useful for identifying communities where intervention is warranted.
Coverage of and Influences on Timely Administration of Hepatitis B Vaccine Birth Dose in Remote Rural Areas of the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Zhou Yuqing , Wang Huaqing , Zheng Jingshan , Zhu Xu , Xia Wei , Hipgrave David B.
Published: October 2009

A survey was conducted in 2006 to assess the coverage and timeliness of the birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB1) and related influences among children in rural areas of Guangxi, Guizhou, Tibet, and Shaanxi provinces, People’s Republic of China. A total of 3,390 children born in 2004 were surveyed in four counties in each province, where a project to strengthen routine immunization is being implemented by the China Ministry of Health, supported by the United National Children’s Fund. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was undertaken to select those surveyed. A questionnaire was administered to parents or guardians and vaccination records were assessed. HepB1 administration was timely for 31.6% of the sample. Timeliness of HepB1 for children delivered at home (13%) was lower than for children born at county-level or higher facilities (54%) (odds ratio [OR] = 6.52, (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.29–8.04, P < 10 −3), at township hospitals (49%, OR = 7.14, 95% CI = 5.68–8.98, P < 10 −3), or private clinics (59%, OR = 5.64, 95% CI = 3.68–8.64, P < 10 −3). Children of Tibetan (24.8%, OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.12–0.21, P < 10 −4), Zhuang (27.8%, OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.57–0.94, P < 0.02) or Meng, Miao, and Hui ethnicity (14.2%, OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.29–0.45, P < 10 −4) were less likely than children of Han ethnicity (33.2%) to have received a timely birth dose. Children lacking vaccination registration cards (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.51–0.80, P < 10 −4) and children whose parents or guardians did not know the importance of timely HepB immunization (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.46–0.84, P < 10 −2) were also less likely to have received a timely birth dose. Parental knowledge and prioritization of birth-dosing was low among children who did not receive it. The timeliness of HepB1 should improve with increasing rates of hospital delivery, training of birth attendants, increasing staff and community awareness of the importance of the birth dose, and by focusing on vulnerable groups.
Prevalence and Genetic Heterogeneity of Bartonella Strains Cultured from Rodents from 17 Provinces in Thailand
Authors: Bai Ying , Kosoy Michael Y. , Lerdthusnee Kriangkrai , Peruski Leonard F. , Richardson Jason H.
Published: October 2009

To study the distribution and diversity of Bartonella in rodents from Thailand, 330 rodents belonging to 13 species were tested. The majority (80.6%) of rodents examined belonged to the genus Rattus. Bartonellae were cultured from 41.5% of the rodents with a wide range of prevalence by host species and regions. Sequencing of gltA revealed diverse Bartonella strains. Bartonellae from Rattus spp. belonged to 23 variants and clustered with Bartonella coopersplainensis, Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella phoceensis, Bartonella rattimassiliensis, Bartonella tribocorum, and an unknown geno-group. Bartonellae from Bandicota spp. belonged to six variants and clustered with B. coopersplainensis, B. rattimassilliensis, and B. tribocorum. Three variants from Mus spp. clustered with B. coopersplainensis or B. rattimassilliensis. The only isolate from a Berylmys berdmorei fell into the B. tribocorum group. The observations highlight the need to study these agents for their role in human febrile illnesses of unknown etiology in Thailand and elsewhere in Asia.
Population Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Labrique Alain B. , Zaman K. , Hossain Zahid , Saha Parimalendu , Yunus Mohammad , Hossain Anowar , Ticehurst John , Nelson Kenrad E.
Published: October 2009

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes a substantial burden of sporadic and epidemic disease worldwide. HEV infections result in serious morbidity and mortality, especially among pregnant women, and have significant economic costs. Few population-based studies have characterized the epidemiology of HEV. A rural Bangladeshi population was studied to determine the age- and gender- specific population seroprevalence of antibodies to HEV. Of 1,134 specimens tested from a representative, random population sample, 255 (22.5%) were anti-HEV IgG seropositive. Seroprevalence was lower among women (19.7%) than among men (25.8%). We found anti-HBc (hepatitis B core) in 380 of 1080(35.2%) tested, anti-HCV (hepatitis C) in 14 of 917(1.5%) tested, and anti-HAV (hepatitis A) in 116 of 124(93.5%) tested individuals. Our data suggest that viral hepatitis, especially HEV, remains an under-recognized and significant public health problem in rural Bangladeshi populations, warranting further attention.
Calcium‐Capturing Hydrogel with Self‐Reinforced Multi‐Dynamic Networks for Effective Periodontal Bone Regeneration in Three‐Dimension
Authors: Zhang Mei , Feng Qingchen , Zhang Guanning , Wang Ruohan , Zhang Hui , Li Mingzhu , Zhou Yimei , Jiang Chen , Li Juan , Nie Yu
Published: February 2025

Hydrogel scaffolds perform well for periodontal bone regeneration. However, due to lacking injectability, poor mechanical strength, and weak adhesive force, conventional hydrogels are difficult to adapt to irregular periodontal defects and are unable to maintain stability under occlusal force. Consequently, the current approaches still present significant challenges in achieving intact 3D periodontal bone regeneration. Herein, a calcium‐capturing self‐reinforcing hydrogel, composed of alendronate‐functionalized oxidized sodium alginate (OSA‐Alen), nano‐hydroxyapatite (HAP), and dopamine‐grafted gelatin (Gel‐DA), is prepared for periodontal bone regeneration. The Schiff‐base reaction endows the hydrogel with injectability, while dynamic coordination between OSA‐Alen and HAP confers the superior self‐healing ability of hydrogel and homogeneous distribution of HAP. Tissue adhesiveness from Gel‐DA enables hydrogel to maintain stability within the defect area. Furthermore, hydrogel self‐reinforces mechanically by calcium ion (Ca2+) capturing, providing a supportive matrix for bone regeneration, and promoting osteogenesis by the Ca2+ influx. Especially, via a rat periodontal bone defect model, in vivo examination displays significant bone regeneration in 3D directions (57.03% bone volume fraction is achieved) after being treated with the injectable hydrogel for eight weeks. Consequently, the calcium‐capturing hydrogel offers an alternative biomaterial and presents profound potential for the repair of irregular periodontal bone defects and peri‐implant bone loss in the near future.
A Physically Intelligent, Multimodal Universal Soft Gripper Using Granular Materials
Authors: Wang Wei Dawid , Hu Wei , Li Zhenhui
Published: February 2025

The variety and unpredictability of objects make the development of universal grippers an imperative in the field of robotics. However, most existing universal grippers either adopt a single gripping mode with limited gripping capabilities, or combine different gripping mechanisms to achieve a non‐single gripping mode, which inevitably increases the complexity of structure and control. Through a homogeneous design without introducing any additional mechanism, a physically intelligent, multimodal universal soft gripper using granular materials is demonstrated that enables four different ready‐to‐use gripping modes. These four gripping modes are encoded in the gripper structure by designing the gripper with three internal axisymmetric, independently controllable chambers. Continuing the traditional jamming gripping mode, this design can also realize two bionic, complementary vacuum gripping modes. These vacuum modes enable to grip planar objects weighing over 265 N or as small as 4.5% of the gripper diameter, as well as extremely fragile objects such as half an eggshell. Moreover, the gripper can realize a vacuum‐jamming integrated grasping mode, allowing for a grasping force of more than 300 N.
Ultrahigh Electrobending Deformation In Poled Sodium Bismuth Titanate‐Based Piezoelectric Ceramics by Uneven Defect Distribution
Authors: Jia Yuxin , Fan Yongbo , Lei Lin , Gong Yuanbiao , Yang Zhenhai , Dong Guangzhi , Li Qiang , Wang Weijia , Fan Huiqing
Published: February 2025

Recent studies have shown that piezoelectric materials containing defects can exhibit significant electrobending, leading to ultrahigh apparent strain and asymmetric strain‐electric field curves. The mechanism of electrobending deformation is particularly important and how to achieve electrobending in ferroelectric ceramics is a significant research topic. In this work, sodium bismuth titanate‐based (NBT) ceramics, typical lead‐free ferroelectrics, are designed to demonstrate the correlation between the poling process and electrobending. It is found that the internal electric field and ultrahigh electrobending properties can be induced by the poling process. The testing modes are further modified to distinguish the electrobending deformation and electrostrain, revealing that poled ceramics exhibit a bent state. High‐temperature poling can induce redistribution of defect dipoles on the bottom and top surfaces of the ceramics, resulting in bending. This work demonstrates that high‐temperature polarization is a simple and convenient method for inducing electrobending deformation in defect‐containing NBT‐based piezoelectric ceramics. It also provides valuable insights for future research on the electrobending phenomenon.
Marangoni Effect Enabling Autonomously Miniatured Swimmers: Mechanisms, Design Strategy, and Applications
Authors: Yu Haidong , Wang Yiming , Hou Zhiqiang , Xia Xiaohu , Chen Haotian , Zou Bingsuo , Zhang Yabin
Published: February 2025

Miniature swimmers hold considerable potential for precision tasks in the confined environments, yet challenges persist with a simple, sustained, and controllable actuation for their large‐scale applications in real‐world scenarios. Marangoni‐propelled miniature swimmers (MPMSs), leveraging surface‐tension‐gradient‐driven interfacial flows, emerg as a promising solution due to simple implementation and scalable operation. The Marangoni effect, characterized by interfacial flow caused by surface tension gradients, offers a promising propulsion mechanism for the object movement at the liquid surfaces. Leveraging this effect, MPMSs have attracted great interest all over the world. In this regard, this review provides an overview of the latest advancement in the design and application of MPMSs, highlighting the synergy of various responsive materials and structural engineering to enable on‐demand surface tension gradients for sustained Marangoni propulsion of the MPMSs. First, it systematically introduces different mechanisms for the generation of surface tension gradient to actuate these swimmers. Subsequently, it elaborately discusses the preparation materials and specialized structural designs employed in MPMSs while elucidating the correlation between propulsion mechanisms and swimmer design strategies. Furthermore, potential practical applications of MPMSs across various scenarios are presented briefly. Finally, remaining challenges along with possible solutions are presented.
Revealing the Multiple Function of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Layer in Hematite‐Based Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhao Qifeng , Hong Haoshan , Zhong Qianqian , Zhang Yuexing , Li Chunxiao , Lu Guang , Bu Qijing , Liu Qingyun
Published: February 2025

Incorporating the charge transfer medium between semiconductor and cocatalyst accelerates the separation of photogenerated charges, enhancing the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance. However, the structure regulation of cocatalyst in situ generated by the transfer medium is usually neglected, which would alter the injection efficiency of photogenerated holes. Besides, more relevant technologies are necessary to investigate the intrinsic action of each part on water oxidation. Herein, a novel triadic photoanode is designed rationally, involving Ti‐doped hematite (Ti‐Fe2O3) core, nitrogen‐doped carbon (CN) interlayer, and Ce‐doped NiFe‐LDH (NFC) shell. The results like single‐molecule fluorescence and short‐pulse transient photocurrent experiments reveal CN not only employs as a hole transfer layer to facilitate bulk charge transfer and suppress back recombination, but also polishes up the OH− absorption in conjunction action with NFC. Furthermore, CN exhibits an additional functionality by inducing oxygen vacancies and more Ce4+ in NFC to further raise the injection efficiency, expediting the generation of O2 from absorbed OH−. Consequently, NFC/CN/Ti‐Fe2O3 presents a significantly higher photocurrent density than NFC/Ti‐Fe2O3, accomplishing a photocurrent density of 2.87 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE. The design of the multiple‐functional CN exhibits a strategic approach for regulating the reactant absorption and photogenerated hole transfer, thereby enhancing the water oxidation performance.
Optimizing Electron Modulation Induced by the Interfacial Coupling in Cu3P‐Cu2O Heterostructures to Enhance Polysulfide Conversion
Authors: Zhu Jinliang , Xian Yulin , Liang Fengxing , Lin Changqing , He Huibing , Wang Nannan , Huang Dan , Zhu Yanqiu
Published: February 2025

Electrocatalysts can inhibit the shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in Li–S batteries by enabling catalytic conversion of LiPSs. In this research, heterogeneous Cu3P‐Cu2O nanoparticles anchored on the porous carbon network (Cu3P‐Cu2O/PC) are investigated to stimulate the reaction kinetics of LiPSs conversion. At the heterojunction interface, the high electron density measured by density functional theory energizes electron transfer, anchoring of LiPSs. The strong interfacial coupling effect generated by Cu3P‐Cu2O heterostructure endows active sites with promoted LiPSs adsorption capability. The improved sulfur reduction reaction and Li2S activation suppress LiPSs shuttling. Remarkably, the cells equipped with Cu3P‐Cu2O/PC@S cathode marked high capacity of 1254.3 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and ultrahigh cycling stability (0.021% decay rate per cycle after 1200 cycles at 4C). Considering practical applications, Cu3P‐Cu2O/PC@S cathode‐based pouch cell exhibited an initial specific capacity of 1069.5 mAh g−1 and a high energy density of 378.8 Wh kg−1. This work established a pathway for regulating LiPSs through the interfacial coupling of copper‐based heterogeneous catalysts, exhorting the design of highly efficient catalysts for Li–S batteries.
Deep‐Learning with Focus Attention Accurately Captures Long‐Range Interactions to Screen Dual‐Metal Electrocatalysts
Authors: Chen Yanxu , Zhang Yangyang , Qi Jiajing , He Xiaoyue , Wang Shao , Zhao Xin , Xia Jing , Zhang Genqiang
Published: February 2025

Long‐range interactions (LRIs) are crucial for controlling catalytic activity and selectivity in dual‐metal catalysts (DMCs). However, understanding their role and utilizing LRIs to find efficient DMCs remains challenging due to the vast exploration space. In this work, it is demonstrated that incorporating focused attention into the Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) model significantly improves prediction performance, without increasing train cost. This modified model, named GCN with Residual Block and Focused Attention (GCN‐RBFA), achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.067 eV for ΔG*OH, outperforming the GCN model (MAE = 0.161 eV). The t‐SNE algorithm explains that focusing attention improves accuracy by highlighting differences in composition features, aiding in the distinction of similar samples. Moreover, experimental results on both reported and unreported combinations align with model predictions, validating its practicality and reliability. The further development and application of this model is expected to promote the rapid design and optimization of other efficient DMCs.
Dendrite‐Free Li Metal Anode Achieved by Bi‐Functional Host of NH2‐Modified UiO‐66 on Zn‐Embedded Porous Carbon Nanofibers
Authors: Chen Chen , Yang Xue , Zhou Weidong , Yu Le
Published: February 2025

3D carbonaceous host is considered as an ideal candidate for stabilizing Li metal anode (LMA) owing to its lightweight and high electronic conductivity. Nonetheless, the surface chemistries of carbon materials at different locations should be regulated to modify the lithiophilicity and ion diffusion. In this study, a metal–organic frameworks‐engaged strategy to design a core–shell porous host with mixed ionic/electronic conducting feature is developed. To be specific, Zn‐embedded porous carbon nanofibers (Zn/CF) are designed as electronic conducting cores using ZIF‐8 particles as precursors and pore‐forming agents. Meanwhile, NH2‐functionalized UiO‐66 (NH2‐UiO‐66) nanoparticles are in‐situ grown on the above carbon fibers for promoted ions migration. As a result, the composite LMA using this bi‐functional Zn/CF@NH2‐UiO‐66 host demonstrates enhanced stability and rate performance. Particularly, the obtained asymmetric cell delivers a stable operation up to 500 cycles at 1 mA cm−2. Moreover, the corresponding Li‐Zn/CF@NH2‐UiO‐66//LiFePO4 full cell shows a high‐capacity retention of 93.4% over 1700 cycles at 2 C (1 C ≈169 mA g−1).
Developing a One‐Pot Strategy to Synthesize Metal–Covalent Organic Frameworks as Catalysts for Polysulfide Conversion and Ion Calibrators for Lithium Deposition
Authors: Yang Ke , Zhao Fei , Li Chan , Zhou Shaokun , Li Juan , Yang Haoyuan , Wang Yichen , Liu Xuqing , He Yibo
Published: February 2025

Introducing metals into covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to synthesize metal‐COFs (MCOFs) presents novel opportunities for designing highly efficient catalysts to address the sluggish conversion of polysulfides and for developing effective ion calibrators to mitigate uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a facile one‐pot strategy is proposed to integrate Zn single atoms into the COF framework through coordination with N and O atoms. Comprehensive characterizations of the microstructure, morphology, and chemical environment provide convincing evidence that Zn exists in Zn‐COF as single atoms with a +2 state. Leveraging the synergistic advantages of a high Zn content (12.43%) and an ordered porous structure, Zn‐COF demonstrates excellent catalytic activity for polysulfide conversion, effectively suppressing the shuttle effect and enhancing reaction kinetics. Additionally, the ordered porous structure promotes a uniform lithium‐ion flow, facilitating homogeneous lithium deposition. Consequently, the comprehensive electrochemical performance of LSBs is significantly improved under both conventional and high‐sulfur‐loading conditions. This work presents a simple and scalable strategy for integrating single atoms into COFs, thereby introducing robust catalytic sites and ordered porous structures for LSBs. It offers valuable insights and opportunities for advancing efficient polysulfide catalysis and effective lithium dendrite inhibition strategies.
Urine‐Stable Aptamer‐Conjugated Gold Nanorods for the Early Detection of High‐Grade Bladder Cancer Residual Disease
Authors: Venegoni Chiara , Tortorella Silvia , Caliendo Alessandra , Locatelli Irene , Coste Alessia Di , Locatelli Erica , Capancioni Filippo , Bua Emanuela , Camorani Simona , Salonia Andrea , Montorsi Francesco , Jose Jithin , Moschini Marco , Cerchia Laura , Franchini Mauro Comes , Alfano Massimo
Published: February 2025

The limitations of current diagnostic imaging techniques and therapies for bladder cancer are associated with and responsible for the recurrence and progression of residual disease, with an impact on social costs and quality of life of patients. This study delivers a cost‐effective solution for the detection of bladder cancer residual disease, which is represented by the early detection of bladder cancer lesions < 1 mm. Urine‐stable 34‐mer SH‐terminated 2′F‐Py‐RNA aptamer that recognizes the integrin α5β1, expressed by 81% of human high‐grade non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer, is developed. The intravesical instillation of aptamer‐conjugated gold nanorods as contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging is validated in a preclinical model of orthotopic bladder cancer expressing the integrin α5β1. The photoacoustic signal of gold nanorods remains on the tumor surface for 3 h and allows early detection of cancer lesions < 1 mm. The aptamer is internalized into lysosomes, an opportunity that paves the way for lysosomal‐mediated drug release in tumor cells. This study highlights the potential of urine‐stable aptamer for the delivery of a solution to target the residual high‐grade bladder cancer disease.
In Situ Assembled Metal‐Phenolic Nanozyme Biointerfaces Revitalize Stem Cells and Optimize Diabetic Implant Osseointegration
Authors: Chen Xinxiao , Wang Weijia , Hu Yuhan , Sun Jiao , Zhang Liguo , Chen Yi , Liu Jin , Yu Yang , Li Jianhua , Ge Shaohua
Published: February 2025

The hyperglycemic microenvironment of diabetes inevitably leads to the accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairs the function of stem cells, thereby impeding the process of osseointegration after implant placement. In this study, a self‐assembled metal‐phenolic nanozyme coating is presented for alleviating diabetic oxidative stress and improving osseointegration at implant interfaces. The antioxidant‐like enzyme activity is induced by phenolic ligand−metal charge transfer (LMCT) during the coordination of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) with copper phosphate nanosheets (Cu NS). The metal‐phenolic nanozyme biointerfaces exhibits scavenging activity against a range of free radicals and facilitated the adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, thereby enhancing the osseointegration of implants in diabetic rats. Additionally, the nanozyme coating strategy inhibits bacterial invasion and supports the adhesion of soft tissue cells. This study provides a prospective approach for surface modification to safeguard and enhance the osseointegration of implants in diabetic subjects.
Defect‐Rich BiO₂₋x‐BP Composite Nanoplatform: A Synergistic Approach for X‐Ray and Near‐Infrared‐Enhanced Cancer Radiodynamic Therapy
Authors: Fu Hanping , Feng Li , Liang Qingshuang , Xiao Xiufeng
Published: February 2025

Cancer treatment faces significant challenges, including hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment, which limits the efficacy of conventional therapies. This study introduces a multifunctional nanoplatform comprising defect‐rich BiO₂₋x and black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets to address this issue. BiO₂₋x effectively catalyzes the decomposition of tumor‐overexpressed H₂O₂ into oxygen, mitigating hypoxia. Its high atomic number enhances X‐ray absorption, increasing local radiation doses. When combined with BP, BiO₂₋x forms a heterojunction that produces secondary electrons, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) like ·OH under X‐ray irradiation. Additionally, under 808 nm near‐infrared (NIR) light, the platform exhibits strong photothermal effects, further enhancing cancer cell apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the nanoplatform's remarkable ability to synergize radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, and radiodynamic therapy, resulting in significant tumor suppression without adverse effects on major organs. This innovative approach highlights the potential of BiO₂₋x‐BP composites for addressing hypoxia and achieving multimodal cancer therapy.
Edible Jumpers Powered by Shell Snapping
Authors: Kwak Bokeon , Hars Juliette , Floreano Dario
Published: February 2025

Food animation is gaining increasing attention for the ability to reduce waste and increase attractiveness in animals and humans. Although several examples of food animation methods have been recently described, the speed and range of motion are still limited. Here a method is described to design and manufacture small edible jumpers powered by rapid release of elastic energy through shell snapping. The jumping actuators are made of gelatin crosslinked with genipin and polyvinyl alcohol, ensuring resilience to stress during shell eversion. The shape and size of the shells are modeled and optimized for maximum jumping height resulting in jumpers with a diameter of 47 mm that can reach a jumping height of 361 mm. The edible jumpers can be loaded with additional nutritional components encapsulated by humidity‐sensitive latches for automatic release. To showcase potential uses of such edible jumpers, a jumping food pellet for pets and an animated dessert for humans are described.
Controlling Stochastic Electromagnetic Process by Dynamically Random Coding Metasurface
Authors: Li Jia Cheng , Cui Tie Jun
Published: February 2025

Random signals are pervasive and play a crucial role in both information science and technology. Traditionally, research on random signals has been concentrated on the circuit domain, focusing on aspects like random signal generation and filtering techniques. However, the random electromagnetic field in the wave domain lacks effective methods to manipulate it, though it is a prevalent form of random signal that permeates the cosmic background. Here, the proposal is to generate and directly manipulate random electromagnetic signals (RES) by presenting a dynamically random coding metasurface (DRCM). For this target, a probabilistic framework to analyze DRCM and uncover principles to control the RES process is developed. In specific, three techniques for RES manipulations, including code mutation, inheritance, and shift operations, to generate the desired RES properties are proposed. The experimental results validate these theoretical concepts. This work establishes a theoretical foundation for studying the metasurfaces within the probability domain and offers fundamental methods for achieving RES manipulation. Besides generating RES, the proposed coding metasurface can also implement many other functionalities because of its reprogrammable nature, and hence it can be readily applied to practical applications in wireless communication, cryptography, and radar technology.
Historical changes and yield in the Ohio corn performance test: A 50‐year summary
Authors: Medeiros Jhonata Cantuaria , Zavala Jean , Shahrokhi Mohsen , Minyo Richard , Geyer Allen , Lindsey Alexander , Thomison Peter , Ortez Osler
Published: February 2025

Reaching production potential, crop quality, and profitability are pivotal goals across cropping systems. The Ohio corn performance test (OCPT) has deployed research approaches in the last 50 years. Partnerships between Ohio State University, seed companies, and cooperating farmers have tested commercially available corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids across several locations in the state. This work aims to identify historical changes in agronomic characteristics, environmental factors, crop management, and their association with crop productivity and gross income over 50 years. Yield improvements were observed, from 9.34 (1972–1981) to 14.78 (2012–2021) Mg ha−1. Adopting management practices such as crop rotation and soil conservation practices (e.g., minimum till, no‐till, and stale seedbed) accompanied production improvements. Our results showed that seeding rate, seedling emergence, and final stands had strong correlations with yield (81%, 64%, and 82%). Regions with better weather conditions (i.e., more precipitation, higher average temperatures, lower wind speed) also had strong correlations with yield; the central region had the highest average yield. In this 50‐year dataset, OCPT yields represented gross income values 40% higher compared to the average for the state of Ohio during the same period. This study indicates that yield improvements in the corn performance test have been achieved through synergistic changes in new hybrids, key management practices, and coupled with suitable growing environments. Our work reaffirms that selecting hybrids that are best adapted to specific growing environments is a primary factor in achieving high yields and profits at the farm level.
Can Domestic Vanilla Compete? Sensory Evaluation and Willingness to Pay for Vanilla Flavorings
Authors: Hevesh Alissa , Kropp Jaclyn D. , Gao Zhifeng , Sims Charles , Chambers Alan , Brym Maria
Published: February 2025

The U.S. is the largest importer of vanilla beans. Currently, there is no large‐scale domestic commercial production of vanilla beans. However, Florida's tropical climate is suitable for production, and researchers are exploring the viability of a Florida‐based domestic vanilla industry. To understand consumer preferences and valuations for vanilla with different flavor sources, we administered a blind sensory panel. Participants sampled four vanilla flavorings, including a vanilla extract made from vanilla beans grown in Florida, a commercially available vanilla extract made from vanilla beans grown in Papua New Guinea, a national‐brand vanilla extract made from vanilla beans grown in Madagascar, and a commonly available synthetic flavoring. Panelists were asked questions related to acceptability and contingent valuation. Mean separation analysis and regression analysis reveal that participants’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the three vanilla extracts are statistically indifferent, suggesting that the country of origin of the beans did not impact WTP for the extract. However, the synthetic flavoring received higher ratings and panelist indicated higher WTP for the synthetic flavoring than some of the vanilla extracts.
Multi‐Diseases Detection with Memristive System on Chip
Authors: Wang Zihan , Yang Daniel W. , Liu Zerui , Yan Evan , Sun Heming , Ge Ning , Hu Miao , Wu Wei
Published: February 2025

This study presents the first implementation of multilayer neural networks on a memristor/complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS)‐integrated system‐on‐chip (SoC) to simultaneously detect multiple diseases. To overcome limitations in medical data, generative artificial intelligence techniques are used to enhance the dataset, improving the classifier's robustness and diversity. The system achieves notable performance with low latency, high accuracy (91.82%), and energy efficiency, facilitated by end‐to‐end execution on a memristor‐based SoC with ten 256 × 256 crossbar arrays and an integrated on‐chip processor. This research showcases the transformative potential of memristive in‐memory computing hardware in accelerating machine learning applications for medical diagnostics.
Reconstructing the introduction history of the invasive grass Taeniatherum caput‐medusae subsp. asperum in the western United States: Low within‐population genetic diversity does not preclude invasion
Authors: Marsh Dean R. , Deines Lynell , Rausch Joseph H. , Tindon Yves , Sforza René F. H. , Melton Anthony E. , Novak Stephen J.
Published: February 2025

Premise

One of the main drivers of global change is biotic exchange, which leads to biological invasions. The genetic diversity and structure of invasive populations is influenced by multiple factors, most notably the details of a species' introduction, its pattern of range expansion, and its mating system. Taeniatherum caput‐medusae subsp. asperum is a primarily self‐pollinating, invasive, annual grass of the western United States (US).

Methods

Using historical information (herbarium specimens and published reports) and genetic (allozyme) data, we reconstructed the introduction history and pattern of range expansion of T. caput‐medusae subsp. asperum in its invasive range.

Results

Herbarium collection data and published reports indicate that the grass was first collected near Roseburg, Oregon, in 1884 and then at Steptoe Butte, Washington, in 1901. Genetic analysis of 46 invasive populations of T. caput‐medusae subsp. asperum detected seven homozygous multilocus genotypes (MLGs) across the western US. Several MLGs were found in localities associated with early collection sites. Only three of 1700 individuals we analyzed were heterozygous. Thus, high rates of self‐pollination likely preserved the MLGs introduced into the western US and contributed to our ability to reconstruct the introduction history of this grass.

Conclusions

Our data are consistent with the pattern associated with multiple introductions and local or regional range expansion. Despite multiple introductions, invasive populations of T. caput‐medusae subsp. asperum exhibit relatively low within‐population genetic diversity (i.e., invasive populations possess low evolutionary potential). Apparently, low within‐population genetic diversity does not preclude the invasion of this grass in the western US.
The Virtual Database of the Documented Human Osteological Collection (DHOC) of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna (Italy, 19th–20th Century)
Authors: Sorrentino Rita , Pietrobelli Annalisa , Mameli Davide , Mariotti Valentina , Nicolosi Teresa , Belcastro Maria Giovanna
Published: February 2025

This article aims to introduce a new virtual database of skeletal human remains from the Documented Human Osteological Collection (DHOC) of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna (Emilia Romagna, northern Italy) housed at the University of Bologna. The Virtual DHOC of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna (VirtualDHOC) is stored in the publicly accessible 3D data repository MorphoSource, and consists of 3D models or micro‐Computer Tomography scans of skeletal elements of a subsample of the 425 individuals. These skeletons, mostly complete and well‐preserved, pertain to individuals of different ages, ranging from fetuses/newborns to 91 years old, for which the sex is known, who died in the city of Bologna between 1898 and 1944. This collection represents an important scientific resource for the study of human skeletal remains and to test methods and techniques in the field of bioarchaeology, forensics, and paleoanthropology. The digitization of a comprehensive database of 3D scans and 3D bones is an ongoing project that will implement the Virtual DHOC of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna over the next few years. The Virtual DHOC of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna aims to share the data contained therein with other researchers, contributing to the dissemination of knowledge and the promotion of scientific research in anthropology, while also ensuring the virtual preservation and accessibility of this collection for future generations. This simultaneously responds to various ethical concerns and best practices about the treatment and management of human skeletal remains.
Predicting survival rate by plasma biomarkers and clinical variables in syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Cotelli Maria Sofia , Tarantino Barbara , Tan Kübra , Huber Hanna , Cantoni Valentina , Bracca Valeria , Gasparotti Roberto , Premi Enrico , Logroscino Giancarlo , Benedet Andrea L. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Grassi Mario , Ashton Nicholas J. , Borroni Barbara
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

Modeling the survival rate in syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is essential to assess disease trajectories.

METHODS

In 262 patients with FTLD, we considered plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein, brain‐derived tau, phosphorylated tau217 and amyloid beta (Aβ42/Aβ40). The FTLD Survival Score (FTLD‐SS) was calculated by the β coefficients of the variables independently associated with survival rate.

RESULTS

Increased plasma NfL levels (p < 0.001), older age at evaluation (p = 0.002), positive family history (p = 0.04), and motor phenotypes (p < 0.001) were associated with reduced survival. The predictive validity of FTLD‐SS was 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.59–0.91) at 1 year.

DISCUSSION

Survival rate in FTLD is shaped by intensity of neurodegeneration (using plasma NfL as proxy) together with certain clinical variables. The FTLD‐SS may serve as a simple tool for survival rate estimation and for patient stratification in clinical trials.

Highlights

Plasma neurofilament light chain and clinical variables can predict survival in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)–associated syndromes.

FTLD Survival Score (FTLD‐SS), computed with survival predictors, may serve as a simple tool for patient stratification.

FTLD‐SS is associated with greater atrophy in frontal and putamen areas.