bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post COVID-19 Conditions and the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Simova Iana , Hristova Denislava , Tzanovska Hristina , Nikolov Denis , Iakova Diliana , Ivanova Anyuta , Pintova Maria-Magdalena , Pavlov Pavlin , Matkov Ognyan , Samardjiev Todor , Kornovski Vladimir , Krasnaliev Jordan , Kundurzhiev Todor , Dimitrov Nikolay , Vekov Toni
Published: December 2021

One out of four patients affected by COVID-19 will experience persistent (>3-4 weeks) signs and symptoms (Post COVID-19 conditions or Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 – PASC) and this fact will have a major significance for the healthcare and economic systems in the upcoming years. The cardiovascular system is one of the key targets for the Post COVID-19 syndrome, given the pathogenesis of the virus and prevalence of ACE-2 receptors. According to our initial personal experience via the campaign “Life after COVID” of the Bulgarian Cardiac Institute, a substantial proportion of patients having suffered from COVID-19 develop long-term cardiovascular consequences. They could range from rhythm disorder and blood pressure variation, through impairment of myocardial mechanics and heart failure, and to acute vascular manifestations of Post COVID-19 conditions, such as acute coronary syndrome, acute pulmonary embolism, and acute limb ischemia. These cardiovascular complications require special and dedicated medical attention, and we could share our personal experience on the matter.
Neurological Involvement in COVID-19
Authors: Opancina Valentina , Krstic Kristijan , Sazdanovic Predrag , Zdravkovic Nebojsa , Radojevic Marjanovic Ruzica , Vojinovic Radisa
Published: December 2021

The respiratory system is the most common target of COVID-19, however, various experimental studies and case reports have shown its affinity for neural tissues. In this chapter, we described pathogenesis and propagation of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the nervous system, potential routes of the SARS-CoV-2 invasion in the brain, as well as indirect effects of COVID-19 on multiorgan disorders. We have also presented all of the reported neurological manifestations in COVID-19 with an explanation of possible underlying pathways. Among patients who tested positive on SARS-CoV-2, various neurological irregularities have been described, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In general, neurological complications in COVID-19 patients occur within 1 and 14 days, in most cases on average on the 5th day of the incubation period. We have demonstrated all of the reported neurological findings, whereas the most commonly reported were headache, dizziness, myalgia, hypogeusia, hyposmia, and impaired consciousness. More serious neurological conditions in COVID-19 included meningitis, encephalitis, and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.
Determination of Protein Oxidation in Aquaculture Feed
Authors: Dragojlović Danka
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research was to develop reliable, easy-to-perform and cheap method for measuring protein oxidation in complex samples such as aquaculture feed within various protein sources. For that purpose modified 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazyne (DNPH)-based method for quantification of protein carbonyls was employed, while the method modification was consisted of using different solutions for the extraction, time of protein extraction and concentration of trichloracetic acid (TCA) for protein precipitation. It was found that extraction during night, higher TCA concentration  and the use of  0.5 M KCl extraction solution resulted in the highest protein amount measured by Lowry method and 280 nm protein estimation. On the other hand, the lowest protein yield was obtained by using distillated water for the extraction. Furthermore, the lowest amount of protein carbonyls was in the case when extraction was performed with distilled water (DW), while the highest content of protein carbonyls were reached with 0.15 M KCl and 0.5 M KCl extraction solutions. It was observed that the amount of carbonyls compounds were increasing during storage under accelerated conditions, and in comparison to the original (unmodified) method, the modified method for measuring protein oxidation resulted in the higher amount of carbonyls during the all points of storage.
The Methodological Consistency of Master’s of Education Dissertations at Eduardo Mondlane University (2013 - 2018)
Authors: Zimbico Octavio , Manuel Arsenia
Published: December 2021

This study examined the methodological consistency of Master of Educationdissertations defended at Eduardo Mondlane University (EMU) from 2013 to2018 using the typology of educational research proposed by Postlethwaite(2005), Norman et al. (2002), and Creswell (2012). The qualitative, comparativestudy employed a grounded theory design. Data were gathered from apurposive sample of 33 dissertations, available on the university’s OpenInstitutional Repository. Coding and anonymous analysis were performedof the dissertations’ title, research methodology, and findings. The findingsreveal that a large number of these dissertations are not methodologicallyconsistent and thus do not lay the foundation for further research and otherinterventions for school improvement. They thus point to the need to

improve the quality of supervision and research in postgraduate studies in

Education at EMU.Key words: EMU, Master’s dissertations, educational research, methodologicalconsistency, supervision
Continuous Workplace-based Assessment as an Indication of Clinical Competence in Paediatric Dentistry
Authors: Mohamed Nadia , Smit Liezl
Published: December 2021

An authentic workplace setting provides the ideal opportunity for assessmentof students’ clinical competence at the ‘does’ level of performance.Final-year dental students in the Department of Paediatric Dentistry at theUniversity of the Western Cape are evaluated in the clinical environmenton a daily basis through multiple clinical evaluations which assess clinicaland diagnostic skills over a year. An additional end-of-module clinicalassessment in the form of a single-blinded patient case (BPC) determines ifstudents have reached the expected level of clinical competence in terms ofpatient evaluation and diagnosis. However, the reliability and feasibility ofthis single end-of-module clinical case have been questioned in this setting.This study aimed to determine if the current continuous workplace-basedassessment (WPBA) results could be used as an indication of final-yearstudents’ clinical competence at the end of the module. A retrospective,quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted of all complete assessmentrecords. The correlation between the continuous WPBA components wasanalysed together with an evaluation of the reliability and validity of theassessment results. The continuous formative WPBA practices were foundto be both valid and reliable when using Kane’s (2013) and Royal’s (2017)frameworks for analysis. However, the BPC should be reconsidered due tofeasibility and reliability concerns.

Key words: Dental education, Paediatric Dentistry, clinical skills, workplace,summative, formative, continuous assessment
La tradició editorial del Flos sanctorum català en el Cinccents
Authors: Arronis Llopis Carme
Published: December 2021

A first description of the sixteenth-century publishing tradition of the Catalan Flos Sanctorum. Based on the analysis of the extant copies, and the consultation of the existing bibliography, a panorama of dependencies and affiliations between the editions is presented, and each edition’s innovations –mainly in terms of textual revisions and content variations– are described. This characterization aims to help find out what were the main efforts of publishers and booksellers in order to keep this textual product valid and attractive to the public, in a turbulent time which resulted in the replacement of medieval hagiographic compilations by new reformed ones.
FINITE DIFFERENCE SOLUTION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL SOLUTE TRANSPORT WITH PERIODIC FLOW IN HOMOGENOUS POROUS MEDIA
Authors: Djordjevich Alexandar , Savović Svetislav , Janićijević Aco
Published: December 2021

Two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation with variable coefficients is solved by the explicit finite-difference method for the transport of solutes through a homogeneous, finite, porous, two-dimensional, domain. Retardation by adsorption, periodic seepage velocity, and a dispersion coefficient proportional to this velocity are permitted. The transport is from a pulse-type point source (that ceases after a period of activity). Included are the first-order decay and zero-order production parameters proportional to the seepage velocity, periodic boundary conditions at the origin and the end of the domain. Results are compared to analytical solutions reported in the literature for special cases and a good agreement was found. The solute concentration profile is greatly influenced by the periodic velocity fluctuations. Solutions for a variety of combinations of unsteadiness of the coefficients in the advection-diffusion equation are obtainable as particular cases of the one demonstrated here. This further attests to the effectiveness of the explicit finite difference method for solving two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation with variable coefficients in a finite media, which is especially important when arbitrary initial and boundary conditions are required.
NEW APPROACH TO DETECTION OF ABNORMAL CERVICAL CELLS
Authors: Jeftić Branislava , Matija Lidija , Koruga Đuro
Published: December 2021

Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy demonstrated high percentages of accuracy in biological sample classification, namely cervical, oral and colon samples. It enables detection of abnormal tissue and cells, and thus can be used as a diagnostic tool in screening programs. Papanicolaou smears and liquid based cytology samples were analysed in previous studies on cervical cancer detection by Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy and it was shown that this method can diferentiate normal healthy tissue from the cancer tissue. So far, only binary classification of the cervical samples was performed based on optomagnetic spectra of the samples. In this paper, classification of the Papanicolaou smears into four groups (II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou groups) was tested with the Random Forest classification model that demonstrated interclass sensitivity of 49.25%, 58.97%, 50%, 44.44% for II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou group respectively, and specificity of 65.26%, 54.76%, 98.70% and 98.69% for II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou group respectively.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOLAR MODULES SOILING ON THEIR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Authors: Radonjić Ivana , Pavlović Tomislav , Mirjanić Dragoljub , Divnić Darko
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with the influence of solar modules soiling on their energy efficiency. Soiling is the term used to describe the deposition of dust on solar modules. Dust, most often contains organic minerals and particles which result from the burning of fossil fuels, etc. In research studies investigating the influence of dust on the solar modules efficiency in the world, in the Solar Energy Laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics in Nis, and in the Solar Energy Laboratory at the Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republic of Srpska, it was concluded that all types of dust negatively affect the energy efficiency of solar modules, with ash, limestone (calcium carbonate), red soil and sand (silicon dioxide) having the greatest impact.
EVALUATION OF GINGIVAL MICROLEAKAGE IN CLASS II COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Janković Ognjenka , Paraš Smiljana , Arbutina Radmila , Kuzmanović Radman Irena , Adamović Tijana , Veselinović Valentina , Mirjanić Vladan
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Evaluation of microleakage is important for assessing the success of new restorative materials and methods. The aim of this study was to assess the microleakage of class II restorations with different flowable composites as liners and two different polymerization techniques classic and soft start. Materials and Methods: 40 extracted human premolars teeth with class II cavity preparation medial and distal (80 cavities) were divided into four groups: 1.Vertise Flow (VF)+micro hybrid composite Herculite 2.Surefil SDR Flow (SDRF)+micro-hybrid composite Herculite 3.Tetric Flow (TF)+micro-hybrid composite Herculite 4.control group micro-hybrid composite Herculite. Mesial cavities are polymerized with classic and distal cavity with soft start technique of polymerization. After that, the samples were immersed in 0.5% AgNO3 solution and sectioned into the mesiodistal direction. Using a stereomicroscope (Nikon - Japan), with a magnification of 40x, the gingival microleakage of cavities was examined. Data were analyzed using Fisher's and Student's tests. Results: After using the classical polymerization technique, all three used flowable composites VF+Herculite, SDRF+Herculite, TF+Herculite showed less gingival microleakage than the control group. This difference was statistically significant. After the application of the soft-start technique of polymerization, VF+Herculite and SDRF+Hercules showed a statistically significant reduction in gingival microleakage, while TF+Herculite showed a comparable result with control group, without a statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference between classical and soft start polymerization techniques. Conclusion: Flowable composites in this study have reduced gingival microleakage and can be used as liners in the restoration of II class cavities.
FIRST RESULTS OF RADON MONITORING PROGRAM IN SLOVENIA ACCORDING TO EU EURATOM DIRECTIVE
Authors: Omahen Gregor
Published: December 2021

In 2018 Slovenia adopted the new ordinance where the requirements of the Council of the European Union 2013/59 Euratom on radon were taken into account (2LIT). As the new ordinance requires systematic survey of radon concentrations in public institutions and dwellings in Slovenia, Ministry of Health announced two tenders for the radon surveys in 2018 and 2019. Zavod za varstvo pri delu (ZVD) successfully competed on both tenders. The tenders required measurements of radon concentrations in public institutions, mainly schools and kindergartens and in private dwellings every year in 24 municipalities which were recognised as radon prone areas. Besides these measurements ZVD as the authorised organisation measured radon concentration in companies all over Slovenia and private dwellings where owners wanted to know how high the radon concentration is and if some actions are required to lower it. The radon concentrations were measured with track etched detectors. The results of the survey are presented in the article as well as the difficulties we encountered during sending track etched detectors to people.
FOTOENSAYO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE PESQUISA EDUCATIVA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Da Rocha Gaspar Débora , Silva Vilma Justina
Published: December 2021

Espaços efêmeros de formação estética é o tema desta pesquisa entre a Universidade de Girona (Espanha) e a Universidade Federal Fluminense (Brasil). O campo é a Universidade de Girona e sujeitos da pesquisa os alunos da disciplina "Atelier para o Primeiro Ciclo de Educação Infantil" do Curso de Graduação de Professor de Educação Infantil. Este artigo apresentará reflexões sobre um ensaio fotográfico multimodal das memórias da disciplina. O objetivo é refletir sobre as relações que podem ser estabelecidas entre narrativas verbais e visuais para relatar as práticas pedagógicas da formação docente. A metodologia adotada é a “Pesquisa Baseada nas Artes”. O ensaio fotográfico multimodal provou ser uma ferramenta potente a ser aplicada em pesquisas educativas.
A EXPERIÊNCIA CRIADORA EM UMA CARTOGRAFIA COM EDUCAÇÃO E ARTE
Authors: COELHO ALBERTO DAVILA , SCHWANZ LILIAN
Published: December 2021

Este artigo surgiu de uma dissertação implicada com a experiência criadora e a arte no ambiente escolar, ela buscou saber a respeito de criação por um recorte acerca do ato criador que articula as forças dissipadas entre professora, alunos e escola. Pergunta: o que o trabalho com materiais e produção de pensamento dá a ver sobre criação na escola? Com o método cartográfico produziu-se dados com os quais foi possível capturar as forças promovidas nas experiências de aula quando se esteve atento à invenção de problemas, e se constatou que uma experiência criadora se desdobra de modo infinito a cada encontro e que, por isso, não se adéqua a leis ou regras gerais.
Awareness Video Creations to Support Rookvrije Voetbalstadions in FC Twente
Authors: Pangestu Fenny , Roosen Tim , Bruel Henri
Published: December 2021

A "no smoking" policy as part of Rookvrije Voetbalstadions or Smoke-free Football Stadiums Campaign will be applied in all soccer stadiums below the Eredivisie and Keuken Kampioen Divisie starting the season 2020/2021. As one of those soccer stadiums, FC Twente has several problems realizing the "no smoking" policy. First is the online issue; lack of media as a source of information and knowledge. Second is the offline issues; no "no smoking" sign inside the stadium and minimum enforcer source. These problems lead to the reason for the unawareness situation of their smoking visitors. An Awareness Video has been made to help FC Twente raise their smoking visitors' awareness of the "no smoking" policy inside the stadium. The writer has done observation on the stadium, researched FC Twente's fans, and analyzed both, using Design Thinking Methodology as the framework.
Perancangan Fotografi Ragam Hias Damar Kurung Khas Gresik dalam Fashion
Authors: Christie Melia , Bangsa Petrus Gogor , Christianna Aniendya
Published: December 2021

Generasi muda masih mengenal ragam hias Damar Kurung sebagai bentuk lampionnya. Padahal, Damar Kurung merupakan sebutan untuk ragam hias yang menghiasi setiap sisi lampion dan sudah diresmikan sebagai warisan budaya tak bendawi nasional. Analisis data pada perancangan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengetahui fenomena yang berkembang di kalangan subjek penelitian dengan lebih dalam, serta pemahaman mengenai ragam hias Damar Kurung. Tujuan perancangan ini untuk memperkenalkan Damar Kurung sebagai ragam hias pada generasi muda melalui fotografi fashion. Ragam hias Damar Kurung diaplikasikan dalam busana bergaya kasual. Pendekatan fotografi bertujuan agar dapat menunjukkan visual ragam hias Damar Kurung dengan baik. Perancangan ini menghasilkan fashion item, merchandise, dan promotion tools berupa postcard, buku katalog, dan kalender.
Inertial Microfluidic Purification of CAR‐T‐Cell Products
Authors: Elsemary Mona T. , Maritz Michelle F. , Smith Louise E. , Warkiani Majid , Bandara Veronika , Napoli Silvana , Barry Simon C. , Coombs Justin T. , Thierry Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy is rapidly becoming a frontline cancer therapy. However, the manufacturing process is time‐, labor‐ and cost‐intensive, and it suffers from significant bottlenecks. Many CAR‐T products fail to reach the viability release criteria set by regulators for commercial cell therapy products. This results in non‐recoupable costs for the manufacturer and is detrimental to patients who may not receive their scheduled treatment or receive out‐of‐specification suboptimal formulation. It is demonstrated here that inertial microfluidics can, within minutes, efficiently deplete nonviable cells from low‐viability CAR‐T cell products. The percentage of viable cells increases from 40% (SD ± 0.12) to 71% (SD ± 0.09) for untransduced T cells and from 51% (SD ± 0.12) to 71% (SD ± 0.09) for CAR‐T cells, which meets the clinical trials’ release parameters. In addition, the processing of CAR‐T cells formulated in CryStor yields a 91% reduction in the amount of the cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide. Inertial microfluidic processing has no detrimental effects on the proliferation and cytotoxicity of CAR‐T cells. Interestingly, ≈50% of T‐regulatory and T‐suppressor cells are depleted, suggesting the potential for inertial microfluidic processing to tune the phenotypical composition of T‐cell products.
Stretchable Thermoelectrics: Strategies, Performances, and Applications
Authors: Hao Yunna , He Xinyang , Wang Liming , Qin Xiaohong , Chen Guangming , Yu Jianyong
Published: December 2021

With the rapid development of intelligent devices, flexible robots, medical monitors, and electronic skins, stretchable wireless power supplies are in great demand. Thermoelectric devices have proven to be promising candidates for wearable electronics owing to their significant conversion capability from low‐grade waste heat in the environment to electric energy. Therefore, stretchable thermoelectric generators attract widespread attention and remarkable progress has been made recent years. In this review, various design strategies are comprehensively overviewed from the perspective of material composition design and structure design for enhanced stretchability of thermoelectric materials and devices. Furthermore, the thermoelectric performance and multifunctional applications of stretchable materials and devices are emphasized. Finally, the challenges and prospects in the development and applications of stretchable thermoelectrics are presented.
Toward an In‐Depth Fire Hazard and Resistance Diagnosis of Flame Retarded Liquid Electrolytes for Safer Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yusuf Abdulmalik , Wang De‐Yi
Published: December 2021

Growing reports of fire incidents originating from lithium‐ion batteries have led to a quest for safer lithium‐ion batteries. Although the commercial success of the lithium‐ion batteries owes a great debt to the liquid electrolyte as much as the electrodes, the liquid electrolyte is considered the most flammable component of the battery. Flame retardant additives offer a promising solution to alleviate electrolyte flammability since they are added in minute quantities. However, the fire resistance and hazard diagnosis of the flame retardant containing liquid electrolyte remains a challenge due to the lack of reliable characterization technology. Herein, a stainless steel sample holder is custom‐designed and integrated into the cone calorimeter, enabling a precise and reliable technique for diagnosing the fire resistance efficiency and hazards of flame retarded liquid electrolytes. This integration allows for real‐time analysis of key fire behavior parameters of the flame retarded electrolytes such as time to ignition, heat release rate, fire growth rate index, smoke toxicity index, carbon monoxide, and smoke produced. Most of the fire test results show high reproducibility with less than 10% error. This study indicates that the modified cone calorimetry is a promising technology for diagnosing flame retarded liquid electrolyte fire resistance and hazard.
Ultrahigh Anisotropic Transport Properties of Black Phosphorus Field Effect Transistors Realized by Edge Contact
Authors: Lee Myeongjin , Ali Nasir , Ali Fida , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yoo Won Jong
Published: December 2021

Highly anisotropic black phosphorus (BP) has recently attracted significant interest for electronic and optoelectronic devices. To date, in‐plane anisotropic properties of BP field effect transistors (FETs) have been reported only with top contact. However, the 2D top contact geometry is unable to measure the in‐plane electrical conductance precisely, due to the presence of the out‐of‐plane conductance, resulting in underestimation of anisotropy. Here, 1D edge contact method is employed to measure the in‐plane conductance precisely along the armchair and zigzag directions of BP without the contribution of out‐of‐plane conductance. The conductance and mobility anisotropies for BP FETs are measured with edge contact at 300 K to be ≈5.5 and ≈7.5, respectively. The results further show that the mobility of BP FETs with edge contact weakly depends on temperature, indicating that the edge roughness scattering limits the mobility. In contrast, the mobility of BP FETs with top contact strongly depends on temperature, showing that the impurity scattering and phonon scattering limit the mobility at below and above 150 K, respectively. Finally, a scattering phase diagram is demonstrated to understand the role of different scattering mechanisms on the modulation of mobility anisotropy in BP FETs with edge and top contacts.
Unified model for the prediction of consecutivesolid–liquidfiltration and expression at the constant pressure
Authors: Vorobiev Eugene
Published: December 2021

Unified nonlinear model is proposed for the prediction of consecutive solid–liquid filtration and expression at the constant pressure. This model is based on the Darcy–Terzaghi filtration‐consolidation equations modified to consider power‐law pressure dependence of the specific cake resistance, and transforming Darcy law to the linear form. The model considers nonuniform structure of compressible filter cakes obtained by filtration and following expression. The profiles of local compressive pressure and local cake characteristics are simulated and compared for different moderately and highly compressible filter cakes (H.K. kaolin, CaCO3, silica, activated sludge) based on the analytical and numerical solutions of the model. It is shown that the behavior of solid–liquid expression depends from the initial structure of compressed materials. Consolidation ratioUof the filter cakes with initially nonuniform structure formed by filtration differs from that of semi‐solid materials with initially uniform structure. Different methods of determination of consolidation coefficient are analyzed and compared for nonuniformly structured filter cakes.
Back‐End CMOS Compatible and Flexible Ferroelectric Memories for Neuromorphic Computing and Adaptive Sensing
Authors: Majumdar Sayani
Published: December 2021

Development of unconventional computing architectures, including neuromorphic computing, relies heavily on novel devices with properly engineered properties. This requires exploration of new functional materials and their designed interfaces. Ferroelectric memories including two‐terminal ferroelectric tunnel junctions and three‐terminal ferroelectric field‐effect transistors have shown promising performances in recent years as analog, multibit memory components with ultralow power consumption. However, for ferroelectric memory technology to become a mainstream technology, CMOS integration of these components is of major importance. For further diversifying their application to edge computing and smart sensing industry, a vast unchartered territory of low‐temperature processable and CMOS back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) compatible materials needs to be researched. In recent years, doped HfO2‐based memory devices and in‐memory computing architectures have gathered huge momentum as one of the “beyond von Neumann” computing alternatives. In comparison, molecular ferroelectric‐based systems are still in their early exploratory phase. This review discusses the potential for doped HfO2and molecular ferroelectrics as CMOS BEOL and flexible and wearable platform compatible neuromorphic devices and circuits and the challenges that need to be overcome for turning the opportunities to a technological reality.
The association between mosaicism type and cognitive and behavioral functioning among males with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Meng Lu , Kaufmann Walter E. , Frye Richard E. , Ong Katherine , Kaminski Jennifer W. , Velinov Milen , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Mosaicism in fragile X syndrome (FXS) refers to two different FMR1 allele variations: size mosaicism represents different numbers of CGG repeats between the two alleles, such that in addition to a full mutation allele there is an allele in the normal or premutation range of CGG repeats, while methylation mosaicism indicates whether a full‐mutation allele is fully or partially methylated. The present study explored the association between mosaicism type and cognitive and behavioral functioning in a large sample of males 3 years and older (n = 487) with FXS, participating in the Fragile X Online Registry with Accessible Research Database. Participants with methylation mosaicism were less severely cognitively affected as indicated by a less severe intellectual disability rating, higher intelligence quotient and adaptive behavior score, and lower social impairment score. In contrast, the presence of size mosaicism was not significantly associated with better cognitive and behavioral outcomes than full mutation. Our findings suggest that methylation mosaicism is associated with better cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior and less social impairment. Further research could assess to what extent these cognitive and behavioral differences depend on molecular diagnostic methods and the impact of mosaicism on prognosis of individuals with FXS.
A Universal Boronate‐Affinity Crosslinking‐Amplified Dynamic Light Scattering Immunoassay for Point‐of‐Care Glycoprotein Detection
Authors: Chen Jing , Hao Liangwen , Hu Jiaqi , Zhu Kang , Li Yu , Xiong Sicheng , Huang Xiaolin , Xiong Yonghua , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2021

Herein, we report a universal boronate‐affinity crosslinking‐amplified dynamic light scattering (DLS) immunoassay for point‐of‐care (POC) glycoprotein detection in complex samples. This enhanced DLS immunoassay consists of two elements, i.e., antibody‐coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP@mAb) for target capture and DLS signal transduction, and phenylboronic acid‐based boronate‐affinity materials as crosslinking amplifiers. Upon the addition of targets, glycoproteins are first captured by MNP@mAb and amplified by target‐induced crosslinking stemming from the selective binding between the boronic acid ligand and cis‐diol‐containing glycoprotein, thereby resulting in a remarkably increased DLS signal in the average nanoparticle size. Benefiting from the multivalent binding and fast boronate‐affinity reaction between glycoproteins and crosslinkers, the proposed immunosensing strategy has achieved the ultrasensitive and rapid quantitative assay of glycoproteins at the fM level within 15 min. Overall, this work provides a promising and versatile design strategy for extending the DLS technique to detect glycoproteins even in the field or at POC.
Effect of UV light polymerization time on the properties of plastic crystal composite polyacrylate polymer electrolyte for all solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Shujian , Lu Yang , He Kewu , Meng Xianghui , Que Lanfang , Wang Zhenbo
Published: December 2021

To solve the issues of low ionic conductivity, poor interfacial stability, and weak mechanical strength in the current polymer electrolytes, herein, the UV curing method is proposed to in‐situ polymerize the plastic crystal composite solid polymer electrolyte (S‐PCCE). By using ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) as polymerization monomer, in conjunction with the butadiene nitrile and other additives, the S‐PCCE is prepared under ultraviolet light. The S‐PCCE shows improved ionic conductivity than other solid electrolyte materials. The ionic conductivity at room temperature can reach 0.98 × 10−3 S/cm, and it can reach 2.8 × 10−3 S/cm at 55°C, which is beneficial to achieve high battery performance. The LiFePO4/S‐PCCE/Li battery has a high initial discharge specific capacity of 150.4 mAh/g at 0.2C, and the highest discharge specific capacity can reach 162.5 mAh/g. Moreover, after 100 cycles, the battery can still maintain a high discharge specific capacity of 154.2 mAh/g, with a Coulomb efficiency of 98.4%. At the same time, the electrolyte has excellent high‐temperature adaptability, and can still work stably at 55°C with improved ionic conductivity. The superior performance of this material indicates that the plastic crystal composite polyacrylate solid electrolyte based on UV curing method can be used to prepare a high‐performance lithium‐ion battery, and this technology can also be compatible with existing lithium‐ion battery equipment.
New Highly Stable Ionic Compounds Composed of Multivalent Graphene Quantum Dot Anions and Alkali Metal Cations
Authors: Chul Lim Hong , Kim Min‐Cheol , Kim Ayoung , Park Eunji , Park Yunjae , Chang Rakwoo , Hong Jong‐In , Park Kyung‐Won , Shin Ik‐Soo , Kim Hansu
Published: December 2021

Developing electrolytes with new chemical structures that simultaneously satisfy excellent ionic conductivity, chemical stability, and thermal stability is an indispensable prerequisite for studying next‐generation electrochemical. Herein, we propose a new class of ionic compounds consisting of graphene quantum dots (GQD) polyanions with alkali metal cations. The synthesized solid salts readily dissolve in various solvents ranging from water to carbonates allowing highly conductive liquid electrolytes for electrochemical systems. Molecular dynamics simulation with the electrochemical characterization reveals that the ionic compounds provide highly abundant free metal cations with highly stable GQD polyanions, and negligible ion pairs in solution. The lithium salt (Li‐GQD) shows higher lithium transference number than the conventional LiPF6 electrolyte, which improves the interfacial stability of Li metals and leads to a decrease in overvoltage at a high C‐rate in battery performance. The Li‐GQD electrolyte solution offers a wide electrochemical window of −0.2−5 V, which can reliably apply to various electrode materials (graphite, Li4Ti5O12, and LiCoO2). Prussian blue thin film utilizing K‐GQD as electrolyte shows significantly improved electrochromic behaviour and higher K+ cation mobility than other controls using conventional electrolytes. We expect our study on the GQD ionic complex to be another signpost for exploring an innovative electrolyte for electrochemical devices.
Ginger and its constituents: Role in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lashgari Naser‐Aldin , Momeni Roudsari Nazanin , Khayatan Danial , Shayan Maryam , Momtaz Saeideh , Roufogalis Basil D. , Abdolghaffari Amir Hossein , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: December 2021

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with obscure etiology, are rising and are of worldwide concern. Of the various components of IBD pathogenesis and progression, irritation appears to play a major part. Investigations on the molecular and cellular pathways that activate the IBD provide the focus for the development of useful therapies. Ginger (the rhizome ofZingiber officinale) has a broad spectrum of clinical applications due to its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative functions. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the key pathogenic factors in many diseases, including IBD. The most established components of ginger are phenolic compounds called gingerols. A wide range of pharmacological activities of the potential therapeutic benefit ofZ. officinalehave been detailed. In this regard, the anti‐inflammatory activity of ginger has been documented by many researchers. It was shown that ginger is a potent inhibitor of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), signal transducer of activators of transcription (STATs), Nod‐like receptor family proteins (NLRPs), toll‐like receptors (TLRs), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPKs), and mTOR (mTOR) pathways, as well as inhibiting various pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In the present report, the potential application of ginger in the management of IBD is reviewed in detail, with an emphasis on the relevant properties of ginger and its bioactive components. The significance of the functions, side effects, and delivery of ginger to the digestive system for particular application in IBD are also considered.
Selection of M2+‐Independent RNA‐Cleaving DNAzymes with Side‐Chains Mimicking Arginine and Lysine
Authors: Paul Somdeb , Wong Antonio A. W. L. , Liu Leo T. , Perrin David M.
Published: December 2021

Sequence‐specific cleavage of RNA by nucleic acid catalysts in the absence of a divalent metal cation (M2+) has remained an important goal in biomimicry with potential therapeutic applications. Given the lack of functional group diversity in canonical nucleotides, modified nucleotides with amino acid‐like side chains were used to enhance self‐cleavage rates at a single embedded ribonucleoside site. Previous works relied on three functional groups: an amine, a guanidine and an imidazole ensconced on three different nucleosides. However, to date, few studies have systematically addressed the necessity of all three modifications, as the value of any single modified nucleoside is contextualized at the outset of selection. Herein, we report on the use of only two modified dNTPs, excluding an imidazole, i. e. 5‐(3‐guanidinoallyl)‐2’‐dUTP (dUgaTP) and 5‐aminoallyl‐2′‐dCTP (dCaaTP), to select in‐vitro self‐cleaving DNAzymes that cleave in the absence of M2+ in a pH‐independent fashion. Cleavage shows biphasic kinetics with rate constants that are significantly higher than in unmodified DNAzymes and compare favorably to certain DNAzymes involving an imidazole.
Corpus callosum hematoma, as a rare complication of COVID‐19
Authors: Hamad Mohammad Khair , Takruri Dima Hamed , Patro Satya Narayana , Habib Mhd Baraa , Verma Vishwajit
Published: December 2021

A 46‐year‐old gentleman had a complicated course of COVID‐19 pneumonia. Despite the recovery of the respiratory status, he developed corpus callosum hematoma and critical illness neuropathy/myopathy. The clinical situation became more complicated by developing pulmonary embolism that required anticoagulation. Fortunately, the patient made a good recovery.
The limits of diagnosis of testicular torsion in the child: Medicolegal implications in clinical practice
Authors: Aquila Isabella , Abenavoli Ludovico , Sacco Matteo Antonio , Ricci Pietrantonio
Published: December 2021

Testicular torsion is a pediatric urological emergency. We report a case of testicular torsion that occurred in a 10‐year‐old child. The case shows that it is a disease with risk of medicolegal litigation. We demonstrate the role of proper triage, and we analyze the limits and critical points for diagnosing it.
Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Modified V6O13 Nanostructure Hybrids with High Pseudo‐Capacitance Contribution as Cathode for High‐Rate Lithium Storage
Authors: Wu Meng , Zhu Kongjun , Yao Zhongran , Liang Penghua , Zhang Jie , Rao Yu , Zheng Hongjuan , Shi Feng , Yan Kang , Liu. Jinsong , Wang Jing
Published: December 2021

The ever‐presenting challenges of poor electrical conductivity, sluggish lithium‐ion transmission, and unstable structure block the applications of high‐energy V6O13 in practical lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, reduced graphene oxide‐modified V6O13 (V6O13@rGO) nanostructure hybrids with high electrical conductivity and stable structure were in‐situ manufactured using a facile hydrothermal route. The incorporation of rGO lamina into the V6O13 nanosheet could effectively optimize the structure of the nanocomposite, thereby remarkably improving its electron conductivity and structural stability. In parallel, the high pseudo‐capacitance contribution ratio of the hybrid showed fast Li+ storage behavior, resulting in admirable rate capability (194.2 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1). Furthermore, under a large current density of 2000 mA g−1, the hybrids exhibited a satisfying discharge capacity of 150.2 mAh g−1 and a superior capacity retention of 76.6 % after 250 cycles. The performances of V6O13@rGO are much better than those in pure phase. Evidently, the V6O13@rGO two‐dimensional nanosheet has a prospective value for next‐generation LIBs cathode materials with satisfying rate and cyclability.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Leading to White Light Emission in Diphenylbenzofulvene Derivatives
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Clara B. , Peixoto Mariana , Gomes Carla , Pineiro Marta , Seixas de Melo J. Sérgio
Published: December 2021

The search for a unique molecular system able to efficiently emit in the total visible range of the electromagnetic spectra, i. e., white light emission (WLE), is a topic of intense research. We here show that aggregates formed by diphenylbenzofulvene (DPBF) derivatives are from two to four orders of magnitude more emissive than their monomers. From a simple strategy, involving structural modification of a DPBF propelled shape core, a close match with the pure white light emission coordinates is obtained with a combination of two derivatives in films, with featured solid‐state emission, without involvement of D−A groups or energy transfer processes.
Crystal Channel Engineering for Rapid Ion Transport: From Nature to Batteries
Authors: Mei Jun , Liao Ting , Sun Ziqi
Published: December 2021

Ion transport behaviours through cell membranes are commonly identified in biological systems, which are crucial for sustaining life for organisms. Similarly, ion transport is significant for electrochemical ion storage in rechargeable batteries, which has attracted much attention in recent years. Rapid ion transport can be well achieved by crystal channels engineering, such as creating pores or tailoring interlayer spacing down to the nanometre or even sub‐nanometre scale. Furthermore, some functional channels, such as ion selective channels and stimulus‐responsive channels, are developed for smart ion storage applications. In this review, the typical ion transport phenomena in the biological systems, including ion channels and pumps, are first introduced, and then ion transport mechanisms in solid and liquid crystals are comprehensively reviewed, particularly for the widely studied porous inorganic/organic hybrid crystals and ultrathin inorganic materials. Subsequently, recent progress on the ion transport properties in electrodes and electrolytes is reviewed for rechargeable batteries. Finally, current challenges in the ion transport behaviours in rechargeable batteries are analysed and some potential research approaches, such as bioinspired ultrafast ion transport structures and membranes, are proposed for future studies. It is expected that this review can give a comprehensive understanding on the ion transport mechanisms within crystals and provide some novel design concepts on promoting electrochemical ion storage capability in rechargeable batteries.
Modulation of the Conformational Space of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA Quadruplex RG‐1 by Cellular Components and the Amyloidogenic Peptides α‐Synuclein and hIAPP
Authors: Mukherjee Sanjib K. , Knop Jim‐Marcel , Winter Roland
Published: December 2021

Given the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which particularly threatens older people with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and dementia, understanding the relationship between Covid‐19 and other diseases is an important factor for treatment. Possible targets for medical intervention include G‐quadruplexes (G4Qs) and their protein interaction partners. We investigated the stability and conformational space of the RG‐1 RNA‐G‐quadruplex of the SARS‐CoV‐2 N‐gene in the presence of salts, cosolutes, crowders and intrinsically disordered peptides, focusing on α‐Synuclein and the human islet amyloid polypeptide, which are involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) and type‐II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively. We found that the conformational dynamics of the RG‐1 G4Q is strongly affected by the various solution conditions. Further, the amyloidogenic peptides were found to strongly modulate the conformational equilibrium of the RG‐1. Considerable changes are observed with respect to their interaction with human telomeric G4Qs, which adopt different topologies. These results may therefore shed more light on the relationship between PD as well as T2DM and the SARS‐CoV‐2 disease and their molecular underpinnings. Since dysregulation of G4Q formation by rationally designed targeting compounds affects the control of cellular processes, this study should contribute to the development of specific ligands for intervention.
Highly Regioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrodeuteration of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Reyes Albert , Torres Emanuel Rivera , Vang Zoua Pa , Clark Joseph R.
Published: December 2021

Catalytic transfer hydrodeuteration of unactivated alkenes is challenging because of the requirement that chemically similar hydrogen and deuterium undergo selective insertion across a π‐bond. We now report a highly regioselective catalytic transfer hydrodeuteration of unactivated terminal alkenes across a variety of heteroatom‐ or heterocycle‐containing substrates. The base‐metal‐catalyzed reaction is also demonstrated on two complex natural products. Reaction studies indicate modular conditions that can also be extended to perform either an alkene transfer hydrogenation or transfer deuteration.
On Inventing Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC): Forming C—C Bond from Two Different C—H Bonds
Authors: Li Chao‐Jun
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive Summary

Constructing C—C bonds is central to the synthesis of all chemical products. While conventional C—C bond formation methods always require one or two functional groups, 20 years ago, our establishment of the concept of Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC), wherein C—C bonds are directly formed from two different C—H bonds via the “formal” removal of two H atoms, has revolutionized chemical synthesis and has become one of the most active research subjects in chemistry. This perspective article will provide an insight of the origin of this concept and its early development in our laboratory.

What are your favorite scientific discoveries from your lab?

Over the past 30 years, we have made many discoveries. The most important ones are the developments of various Grignard‐type reactions in water which contradict textbook knowledge, the Aldehyde‐Alkyne‐Amine (A3) coupling, the Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling that forms C—C bond from two C—H bonds, and the umpolung of carbonyl as organometallic reagent surrogate that allows to carry out organometallic reactions without using stoichiometric organometallic reagents.

Did you plan to be a chemist when you were young?

Not really. I was planning to be an artist when I was young but really felt deep affection for chemistry after I entered college.

How did you get into Green Chemistry?

When I was a graduate student, I became fascinated about natural product synthesis. However, I felt that most reported total syntheses are very lengthy and difficult. As a result, I have been constantly asking myself: can we have novel chemistry to simplify organic syntheses? By coincidence, this was also during the dawn of Green Chemistry, which has the same philosophy.

Besides chemistry, what are your hobbies?

Besides chemistry research, I still have an eye on art. Also, I enjoy reading philosophy books, traveling and meeting people from different walks of life.

What advice do you give to young academics?

Be unique, creative and different from others. These might be difficult to do at the beginning but they will be beneficial in the long run.

In your personal view, what are the important future developments for chemistry?

As chemistry is the central science, important future developments will mostly arise from interdisciplinary areas. These are already occurring between biology and chemistry, environment and chemistry, materials and chemistry, energy and chemistry, but will also be between chemistry and some emerging fields. One of them is with artificial intelligence. Currently, it requires a great amount of time and effort to carry out a large number of experiments for most reactions, Artificial intelligence can greatly change and simplify future chemistry research.