bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteogenomic Markers of Chemotherapy Resistance and Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Anurag Meenakshi , Jaehnig Eric J. , Krug Karsten , Lei Jonathan T. , Bergstrom Erik J. , Kim Beom-Jun , Vashist Tanmayi D. , Huynh Anh Minh Tran , Dou Yongchao , Gou Xuxu , Huang Chen , Shi Zhiao , Wen Bo , Korchina Viktoriya , Gibbs Richard A. , Muzny Donna M. , Doddapaneni Harshavardhan , Dobrolecki Lacey E. , Rodriguez Henry , Robles Ana I. , Hiltke Tara , Lewis Michael T. , Nangia Julie R. , Nemati Shafaee Maryam , Li Shunqiang , Hagemann Ian S. , Hoog Jeremy , Lim Bora , Osborne C. Kent , Mani D.R. , Gillette Michael A. , Zhang Bing , Echeverria Gloria V. , Miles George , Rimawi Mothaffar F. , Carr Steven A. , Ademuyiwa Foluso O. , Satpathy Shankha , Ellis Matthew J.
Published: August 2022

Microscaled proteogenomics was deployed to probe the molecular basis for differential response to neoadjuvant carboplatin and docetaxel combination chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Proteomic analyses of pretreatment patient biopsies uniquely revealed metabolic pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation, adipogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism, that were associated with resistance. Both proteomics and transcriptomics revealed that sensitivity was marked by elevation of DNA repair, E2F targets, G2–M checkpoint, interferon-gamma signaling, and immune-checkpoint components. Proteogenomic analyses of somatic copy-number aberrations identified a resistance-associated 19q13.31–33 deletion where LIG1, POLD1, and XRCC1 are located. In orthogonal datasets, LIG1 (DNA ligase I) gene deletion and/or low mRNA expression levels were associated with lack of pathologic complete response, higher chromosomal instability index (CIN), and poor prognosis in TNBC, as well as carboplatin-selective resistance in TNBC preclinical models. Hemizygous loss of LIG1 was also associated with higher CIN and poor prognosis in other cancer types, demonstrating broader clinical implications.

Significance:

Proteogenomic analysis of triple-negative breast tumors revealed a complex landscape of chemotherapy response associations, including a 19q13.31–33 somatic deletion encoding genes serving lagging-strand DNA synthesis (LIG1, POLD1, and XRCC1), that correlate with lack of pathologic response, carboplatin-selective resistance, and, in pan-cancer studies, poor prognosis and CIN.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483
De Krause a Magalhães: trajetórias na Prefeitura da Cidade do Recife (1979-2000)
Authors: Silva João Paulo Alves da
Published: August 2022

O artigo a seguir busca traçar um panorama das trajetórias de históricos personagens da política pernambucana a partir do período de redemocratização do país. Para isso, busca-se focalizar num ponto comum a todos eles: suas passagens pela Prefeitura da Cidade do Recife (PCR). O retorno ao pluripartidarismo, as exigências sociais e a ampliação do processo eleitoral brasileiro alteraram o cenário político até mesmo nas instâncias municipais, desaguando em novas possibilidades de composição político partidária. Através da análise de dados eleitorais, de periódicos e da própria bibliografia especializada, visualizou-se a tendência pragmática de dois importantes partidos ao concorrerem e conquistarem à PCR durante o período aqui estudado. Nesse sentido, o Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (PMDB), o Partido da Frente Liberal (PFL) e seus respectivos membros em Pernambuco serão peças recorrentes deste trabalho. Desta forma, esperamos que este artigo possa servir à historiografia sobre políticos, partidos e eleições no período republicano brasileiro pós-1985, da mesma forma em que sirva aos estudos sobre a cidade do Recife em fins do século XX.
A Bela e a Fera: representações coloniais de gênero em três versões do conto
Authors: Simionato Gabriel Donizetti Ferreira
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as representações de gênero presentes em três versões do conto A Bela e a Fera. Escolheu-se para análise a primeira versão escrita de 1740, de Gabrielle de Villeneuve; a segunda versão escrita de 1756, de Jeanne-Marie de Beaumont; e a versão cinematográfica animada de 1991, produzida pelos estúdios Disney. Entende-se os contos de fadas como tecnologias coloniais e modernas de construção de gênero. O conto A Bela e a Fera foi escolhido devido sua difusão pelo mundo ocidental. Para a análise, utilizou-se dos conceitos de gênero, conforme Butler (2019) e Lauretis (1993; 2019); o conceito de representação, segundo Chartier (1991) e Pesavento (1999); e o conceito de colonialidade de gênero, de acordo com Lugones (2008; 2012) e Walsh (2018). Conclui-se que as versões do conto analisadas produzem e reproduzem noções coloniais, modernas, binárias, dicotômicas e hierárquicas de gênero.
Imbangala: a forma Kilombo de existir
Authors: Souza Lucas Fortunato de
Published: August 2022

Para além das investigações sobre as formas de organização social dos bandos Imbangalas do século XVI e XVII, esta pesquisa busca compreender profundamente o significado de suas instituições, sobretudo aquela denominada Kilombo, levando em conta a relação premente que há entre eles e o espaço geográfico. Relação essa que promoveu formulações de técnicas que garantiram a subsistência desses bandos, assim como contribuiu para a produção e reprodução desse mesmo espaço geográfico, porém modificado, cada vez mais, pelas transformações tanto dos Imbangala, quanto da natureza geográfica por eles habitada.
Sons, sonoridades e músicas nas casas e nos quintais paulistanos
Authors: Ramoska Vitória
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e situar o que os sons e os ruídos relacionados à vida doméstica da população paulistana podem dizer sobre o processo de modernização da cidade entre os anos de 1890 a 1920. Através da busca por ocorrências sonoras em periódicos como O Estado de São Paulo e O Correio Paulistano, além da leitura das obras de memorialistas e cronistas da época que viveram e observaram o cotidiano e as mudanças que ocorriam no ambiente citadino, buscamos mapear algumas das principais atividades e práticas cotidianas da população o que, além de evidenciar um interessante panorama da paisagem sonora do período, nos possibilitou escutar algumas das principais dissonâncias do processo de modernização da cidade de São Paulo.
A era extremada e o conhecimento histórico sintetizado: História contemporânea 2
Authors: Furlanetto Gabriel Henrique de Oliveira
Published: August 2022

NAPOLITANO, Marcos. História contemporânea 2: do entreguerras à nova ordem mundial. São Paulo: Contexto, 2020.
Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The ARIC Study
Authors: John Jenine E. , Claggett Brian , Skali Hicham , Solomon Scott D. , Cunningham Jonathan W. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Konety Suma H. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Mosley Thomas H. , Clark Donald , Chang Patricia P. , Shah Amil M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Whether coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant risk factor for heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unclear.

Methods and Results

Among 9902 participants in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study, we assessed the association of incident CAD with subsequent incident HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction [≥50%]) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) using survival models with time‐updated variables. We also assessed the extent to which echocardiographic correlates of prevalent CAD account for the relationship between CAD and incident HFpEF. Over 13‐year follow‐up, incident CAD developed in 892 participants and 178 subsequently developed HF (86 HFrEF, 71 HFpEF). Incident HFrEF and HFpEF risk were both greatest early after the CAD event. At >1 year post‐CAD event, adjusted incidence of HFrEF and HFpEF were similar (7.2 [95% CI, 5.2–10.0] and 6.7 [4.8–9.2] per 1000 person‐years, respectively) and CAD remained predictive of both (HFrEF: hazard ratio, 2.76 [95% CI, 1.99–3.84]; HFpEF: 1.85 [1.35–2.54]) after adjusting for demographics and common comorbidities. Among 4779 HF‐free participants at Visit 5 (2011–2013), the 490 with prevalent CAD had lower left ventricular ejection fraction and higher left ventricular mass index, E/e’, and left atrial volume index (all
P
<0.01). The association of prevalent CAD with incident HFpEF post‐Visit 5 was not significant after adjusting for echocardiographic measures, with the greatest attenuation observed for left ventricular diastolic function.

Conclusions

CAD is a significant risk factor for incident HFpEF after adjustment for demographics and common comorbidities. This relationship is partially accounted for by echocardiographic alterations, particularly left ventricular diastolic function.
Role of Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Inhibition in Patients Undergoing Carotid Revascularization
Authors: Elsayed Nadin , Unkart Jonathan , Abdelgawwad Mohammad , Naazie Isaac , Lawrence Peter F. , Malas Mahmoud B.
Published: August 2022

Background

Previous data suggest that using renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASIs) improves survival in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We sought to investigate the association of different patterns of use of RAASIs on perioperative and 1‐year outcomes following carotid revascularization.

Methods and Results

We investigated patients undergoing carotid revascularization, either with carotid endarterectomy or transfemoral carotid artery stenting, in the VQI (Vascular Quality Initiative) VISION (Vascular Implant Surveillance and Interventional Outcomes Network) data set between 2003 and 2018. We divided our cohort into 3 groups: (1) no history of RAASI intake, (2) preoperative intake only, and (3) continuous pre‐ and postoperative intake. The final cohort included 73 174 patients; 44.4% had no intake, 50% had continuous intake, and 5.6% had only preoperative intake. Compared with continuous intake, preoperative and no intake were associated with higher odds of postoperative stroke (odds ratio [OR], 1.7 [95% CI, 1.5–1.9];
P
<0.001; OR, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.03–1.2];
P
=0.010); death (OR, 4.8 [95% CI, 3.8–6.1];
P
<0.001; OR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.6–2.2];
P
<0.001); and stroke/death (OR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.8–2.3];
P
<0.001; OR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1–1.3];
P
<0.001), respectively. At 1 year, preoperative and no intake were associated with higher odds of stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3–1.6];
P
<0.001; HR, 1.15, [95% CI, 1.08–1.2];
P
<0.001); death (HR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.5–1.9];
P
<0.001; HR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.2–1.4];
P
<0.001); and stroke/death (HR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.4–1.7];
P
<0.001; HR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.17–1.3];
P
<0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

Compared with subjects discontinuing or never starting RAASIs, use of RAASIs before and after carotid revascularization was associated with a short‐term stroke and mortality benefit. Future clinical trials examining prescribing patterns of RAASIs should aim to clarify the timing and potential to maximize the protective effects of RAASIs in high‐risk vascular patients.
Impact of Low Baseline Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on Long‐Term Postdischarge Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cho Kyung Hoon , Kim Min Chul , Choo Eun Ho , Choi Ik Jun , Lee Su Nam , Park Mahn‐Won , Park Chul Soo , Kim Hee‐Yeol , Kim Chan Joon , Sim Doo Sun , Kim Ju Han , Hong Young Joon , Jeong Myung Ho , Chang Kiyuk , Ahn Youngkeun
Published: August 2022

Background

Real‐world data on low baseline low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels and long‐term postdischarge cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome are limited.

Methods and Results

Of the 10 719 patients enrolled in the Korean registry of acute myocardial infarction between January 2004 and August 2014, we identified 5532 patients who were event free from death, recurrent myocardial infarction, or stroke during the in‐hospital period after successful percutaneous coronary intervention. The co–primary outcomes were 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death) and cardiovascular death at 5 years. Of 5532 patients with acute myocardial infarction (mean age, 62.1±12.8 years; 75.0% men), 446 cardiovascular deaths (8.1%) and 695 three‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (12.6%) occurred at 5 years. In the continuous analysis of LDL‐C, the risk of cardiovascular events increased steeply as LDL‐C levels decreased from 100 mg/dL. For categorical analysis of LDL‐C (<70, 70–99, and ≥100 mg/dL), as LDL‐C levels decreased, clinical outcomes worsened (237/3759 [6.3%] in LDL‐C ≥100 mg/dL versus 123/1291 [9.5%] in LDL‐C 70–99 mg/dL versus 86/482 [17.8%] in LDL‐C <70 mg/dL for cardiovascular death;
P
‐trend<0.001; and 417/3759 [11.1%] in LDL‐C ≥100 mg/dL versus 172/1291 [13.3%] in LDL‐C 70–99 mg/dL versus 106/482 [22.2%] in LDL‐C <70 mg/dL for 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular event;
P
‐trend<0.001). In a Cox time‐to‐event multivariable model with LDL‐C levels ≥100 mg/dL as the reference, the baseline LDL‐C level <70 mg/dL was independently associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.30–2.17]) and 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular event (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.10–1.71]).

Conclusions

In this Korean acute myocardial infarction registry, the baseline LDL‐C level <70 mg/dL was significantly associated with an increased incidence of long‐term cardiovascular events after discharge. (COREA [Cardiovascular Risk and Identification of Potential High‐Risk Population]‐Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry; NCT02806102).

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
; Unique identifier: NCT02806102.
Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Dementia
Authors: Saber Hamidreza , Hinman Jason , Mun Katherine , Kaneko Naoki , Szeder Viktor , Tateshima Satoshi , Nour May , Raychev Radoslav , Ooi Yinn Cher , Jahan Reza , Duckwiler Gary P. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Liebeskind David S.
Published: August 2022

Background

To compare stroke severity, as well as usage and outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with and without dementia.

Methods

Study of the US hospitalizations with AIS and documented National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores from October 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. AIS hospitalizations with documented dementia were compared with AIS hospitalizations without dementia for stroke severity at onset, use of MT, and outcomes at discharge. Outcomes included favorable discharge disposition (home without assistance), in‐hospital mortality, and radiographic intracranial hemorrhage.

Results

Among 179 665 AIS admissions with recorded National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score during the 15‐month study period, 18 255 (10.2%) had preexisting dementia (62.5% women). The median age at stroke was 84 (interquartile range, 78–89) versus 69 (interquartile range, 59–79) years; and median presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 7 (interquartile range, 3–15) versus 4 (interquartile range, 2–10) in hospitalizations with versus without dementia. There was a stepwise association between increasing severity of the index stroke and the prevalence of dementia. In multivariable analysis, dementia was associated with significantly lower (odds ratio [OR], 0.43 [95% CI, 0.35–0.53];
P
<0.001) odds of receiving MT, but not with the use of intravenous thrombolysis (OR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.86–1.06];
P
=0.4). In‐hospital mortality occurred in 21.3% versus 11.2% following MT in hospitalizations with versus without dementia (
P
<0.001). However, after adjustment for stroke severity, no associations were found between dementia and in‐hospital mortality (OR, 1.48 [95% CI, 0.90–2.43];
P
=0.15) or favorable discharge outcome (OR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.33–1.32];
P
=0.12) following MT. Dementia was associated with increased likelihood of intracranial hemorrhage after MT (OR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.03–2.40];
P
=0.04).

Conclusion

One in 10 among all, and 1 in 4 among those aged ≥80 years had preexisting dementia at stroke onset. While patients with dementia were more likely to present with more severe deficits, MT was less frequently used in this population. Dementia was not independently associated with in‐hospital mortality beyond stroke severity at onset, but increased the risk of intracranial hemorrhage following MT.
Consequentialism – Deontology Theorising, Armed Humanitarian Intervention, and the 2012-2013 Central African Republic Crisis
Authors: Erameh Nicholas Idris , Ojakorotu Victor
Published: August 2022

Despite the challenges that have greeted Responsibility to Protect (R2P) interventions in Africa, the need to authorise R2P remains compelling. Drawing from secondary sources, this study interrogates the R2P intervention in the Central African Republic (car) from within the frame of the ‘consequentialism’ and ‘deontology’ debate, contending issues, and the extent to which such interventions enhance or inhibit further institutionalisation of the doctrine. Though the existing peacekeeping mission – which was further amplified by the mobilisation of R2P via UN Security Council Resolution 2127 – reflects the deontological position of halting attacks against the civilian population, the emerging issues and relapse into deadly conflicts in the post-intervention era amplifies consequentialism’s main criticisms. The study concludes that the R2P experience in car highlights the value of both theoretical positions. However, it is imperative for the consequentialist position to strengthen its arguments for civilian protection by considering the moral argument of the deontologist. This is key to improving armed intervention through the phases of planning, implementation, and post-intervention for the purposes of achieving sustainable peace.
Venise et ses sujets grecs aux XVIe-XVIIe siècles : une relecture
Authors: Grenet Mathieu , Grivaud Gilles
Published: August 2022

Prenant à rebours l’historiographie traditionnelle, Cristina Setti livre une pensée complexe sur les relations entre Venise et les communautés insulaires grecques entre 1573 et 1645 ; elle examine l’évolution institutionnelle de la magistrature des syndics-inquisiteurs, qui met en scène le pouvoir de la métropole dans le Stato da Mar à travers des rituels administratifs et civiques. L’étude des conditions précises de plusieurs missions révèle que les magistrats veillent à prévenir l’instabilité politique et sociale des communautés qu’ils visitent en pratiquant des réformes adaptées aux revendications des différents groupes sociaux. Cette adaptation aux réalités locales mène à reconsidérer la question de la centralisation dans l’État colonial vénitien et à restituer aux sociétés grecques une capacité d’intervention politique.
Two new species of the subgenus Cryptanaema de Vos of the genus Cyana Walker from eastern Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini: Nudariina)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , ČERNÝ KAREL , VOS ROB DE
Published: August 2022

Two new species of the subgenus Cryptanaema de Vos, 2017 of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 are described from eastern Indonesia: Cyana (Cryptanaema) ngata sp. n. (Western New Guinea) and Cyana (Cryptanaema) sibela sp. n. (Maluku Islands). Adults, male and female genitalia of the new and similar species are illustrated.
An Afterthought: Staff of Color and Campus Wellness Within Higher Education Responses to COVID-19
Authors: Cho Katherine S. , Brassfield Lauren
Published: August 2022

While higher education has continued to adjust to COVID-19, which has included moving to virtual platforms and supporting students’ mental health, what is absent from these conversations is the campus staff enacting the rapidly changing university context. These professionals in academic and student affairs, residential life staff, and advising staff have had to readjust roles, responsibilities, and programs, all while facing ambiguous threats of budget cuts and struggling with their own wellness. Through a qualitative study at a midwestern university using Critical Race Theory, this study focuses on both the pandemic as well as the endemic concerns of racism Staff of Color experience at their higher education institutions. Findings reveal disconnects between university values and communication with the (lack of) financial prioritization and care. While many seek a return to the pre-COVID-19 campus, the strategies, execution, and prioritization of staff hold much longer ramifications regarding campus retention, inclusion, and equity.
Expériences spirituelles et psychoses : que pouvons-nous en dire aujourd’hui ?
Authors: Quintin Jacques , Sauveur Lourdine , Dumas Marc
Published: August 2022

People with psychotic disorders have similar statements to people with spiritual experiences. Psychiatry is quick to treat without considering the spiritual/religious sensitivities of people. Several studies show that religious/cultural/spiritual factors have an influence on the view of mental disorders, including those associated with psychosis and schizophrenia. We do not decide for one camp or the other but suggest that health professionals (psychiatrists in this case) must be equipped hermeneutically (theology/philosophy) and ethically to better grasp the issues of meaning included in these religious/spiritual/psychic experiences. These are existential issues that are dealt with in many ways and from many perspectives. We propose a better linkage between various approaches, including the re-involvement of philosophy and theology.
Risk Posed by Different Intimate Partner Violence Offender Types: Findings From a Representative Police Sample
Authors: González-Álvarez José Luis , Soldino Virginia , Santos-Hermoso Jorge , Carbonell-Vayá Enrique J.
Published: August 2022

Spanish intimate partner violence against women offender types (i.e., high instability/high antisociality, HiHa; low instability/high antisociality, LiHa; high instability/low antisociality, HiLa; low instability/low antisociality, LiLa) were matched with their police recidivism outcomes in a longitudinal study of 9,672 cases. Our goal was to examine whether these subtypes differed in (1) their recidivism rates, (2) the severity of the new violent episodes, and (3) the evolution of their risk levels. Results showed that individuals with high antisociality features where associated with the highest recidivism rates (26.5% HiHa; 22.6% LiHa), and higher likelihood of new severe violent episodes. HiHa offenders showed the highest risk over time, although the risk posed by all subtypes decreased during follow-up. Implications for police work are discussed.
Book review: Sugata Marjit, Biswajit Mandal, and Noritsugu Nakanishi, Virtual Trade and Comparative Advantage: The Fourth Dimension
Authors: Yang Lei
Published: August 2022

Sugata Marjit, Biswajit Mandal, and Noritsugu Nakanishi, Virtual Trade and Comparative Advantage: The Fourth Dimension, Singapore: Springer-Nature, 2020, Ä75.89, 207 pp.
Phenotype Harmonization in the GLIDE2 Oral Health Genomics Consortium
Authors: Divaris K. , Haworth S. , Shaffer J.R. , Anttonen V. , Beck J.D. , Furuichi Y. , Holtfreter B. , Jönsson D. , Kocher T. , Levy S.M. , Magnusson P.K.E. , McNeil D.W. , Michaëlsson K. , North K.E. , Palotie U. , Papapanou P.N. , Pussinen P.J. , Porteous D. , Reis K. , Salminen A. , Schaefer A.S. , Sudo T. , Sun Y.Q. , Suominen A.L. , Tamahara T. , Weinberg S.M. , Lundberg P. , Marazita M.L. , Johansson I.
Published: August 2022

Genetic risk factors play important roles in the etiology of oral, dental, and craniofacial diseases. Identifying the relevant risk loci and understanding their molecular biology could highlight new prevention and management avenues. Our current understanding of oral health genomics suggests that dental caries and periodontitis are polygenic diseases, and very large sample sizes and informative phenotypic measures are required to discover signals and adequately map associations across the human genome. In this article, we introduce the second wave of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints consortium (GLIDE2) and discuss relevant data analytics challenges, opportunities, and applications. In this phase, the consortium comprises a diverse, multiethnic sample of over 700,000 participants from 21 studies contributing clinical data on dental caries experience and periodontitis. We outline the methodological challenges of combining data from heterogeneous populations, as well as the data reduction problem in resolving detailed clinical examination records into tractable phenotypes, and describe a strategy that addresses this. Specifically, we propose a 3-tiered phenotyping approach aimed at leveraging both the large sample size in the consortium and the detailed clinical information available in some studies, wherein binary, severity-encompassing, and “precision,” data-driven clinical traits are employed. As an illustration of the use of data-driven traits across multiple cohorts, we present an application of dental caries experience data harmonization in 8 participating studies ( N = 55,143) using previously developed permanent dentition tooth surface–level dental caries pattern traits. We demonstrate that these clinical patterns are transferable across multiple cohorts, have similar relative contributions within each study, and thus are prime targets for genetic interrogation in the expanded and diverse multiethnic sample of GLIDE2. We anticipate that results from GLIDE2 will decisively advance the knowledge base of mechanisms at play in oral, dental, and craniofacial health and disease and further catalyze international collaboration and data and resource sharing in genomics research.
Language Contact, Language Ecology, and Intonational Variation in the Yami Community
Authors: Lai Li-Fang , Gooden Shelome
Published: August 2022

This study investigates socioprosodic variation in Yami, a moribund indigenous language under intense contact with Mandarin in Taiwan: 32 bilingual (Yami-dominant, balanced, Mandarin-dominant) and 5 Yami-monolingual participants were recruited. We used an Interactive Card Game to elicit semi-spontaneous speech for neutral questions (NQ), default declarative questions (DQ1), and declarative questions with lighter incredulity (DQ2). Results reveal that (1) yes/no question intonation in Yami is highly variable; (2) on a broad community level, the DQ1–DQ2 distinction is absent from Yami; and (3) there is prosodic hybridization and innovation in bilingual speech. In particular, we see significant differences in DQ1 and NQ productions, with DQ1s having a rising nuclear configuration, higher pitch level, and wider pitch span, while NQs are realized with a mid-level pattern, lower pitch level, and narrower pitch span. DQ2 utterances exhibited highly varied nuclear configuration patterns with no significant differences in either pitch level or pitch span in DQ1–DQ2 comparisons. Yet, there is evidence that a hybridized DQ2 has begun to be integrated into Yami among younger bilinguals, suggesting that present-day Yami is in flux and is undergoing restructuring.

These intonational variations are not easily attributable to a weakened Yami identity. Rather, younger bilinguals, who are leading the change, are highly dedicated to cultural practices and show strong rootedness in their Indigenous identity. Seemingly, while these less fluent speakers no longer use Yami to fulfill their everyday communicative needs, they are leaning more on its socio-indexical functions to reflect their ethnocultural identity.
An overview of suicides related to motor vehicles
Authors: O’Donovan Siobhan , van den Heuvel Corinna , Baldock Matthew , Byard Roger W
Published: August 2022

Although vehicles may be used in a wide variety of suicides, this has not been a focus in the forensic literature. Thus, an analysis of coronial autopsy reports at Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia over a 16-year period from January 2005 to December 2020 was undertaken to provide an overview of cases in which it was considered that a vehicle had been integral to the successful completion of a suicide. De-identified details were collected from all cases in which a vehicle had facilitated or been used as a method of suicide. A number of different types of vehicle-related suicide methods were identified, including cases where vehicles had been used as secure places for suicide or where the vehicle had been used to cause significant blunt force trauma or to enter a lethal environment such as water. Specific examples were taken from the following categories: (1) inhalation of gas, (2) drug toxicity, (3) hanging or ligature strangulation, (4) self-immolation, (5) drowning, (6) vehicle collision, (7) driving off a cliff, (8) jumping or lying in front of a vehicle and (9) the use of more than one method (i.e. complex). This report is not intended to provide an epidemiological analysis of car-related suicides. Instead, the details of selected cases have been used to illustrate the spectrum of methods that may be used in vehicle-assisted suicides.
The inversion of majority/minority at the de/reterritorialised urban higher education enclave: Xiamen University Malaysia
Authors: Koh Sin Yee
Published: August 2022

This article examines the inversion of majority/minority at Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUM), the offshore campus of a mainland Chinese public university and the catalyst development of a satellite township in Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia. Using the framing of the de/reterritorialised urban higher education enclave, it examines how, within the campus gates, the interests, needs and priorities of the ‘migrant majority’ (mainland Chinese users) take precedence over other user groups that have, in turn, become the ‘minorities’. Given the Malaysian state’s longstanding defensive stance towards ‘Chinese’ education, the existence of XMUM is unprecedented. This article shows how this de/reterritorialised international branch campus has been made possible by the broader Sino-Malaysian geopolitical and urban capitalist relations. The inversion of majority/minority on campus challenges and complicates Malaysia’s state-sanctioned multi-ethnic co-existence, which prioritises the Muslim Malay majority over other groups. Nevertheless, students’ views complicate the neat categorisations of majority/minority and inclusion/exclusion. Such perspectives highlight the need to examine the de/reterritorialised branch campus as a space in-the-making.
A Haptic Nonverbal Cognitive Test for Children and Adolescents With Visual Impairment
Authors: Cassar Carolina , Tambelli Renata , Pezzuti Lina , Lecis Donatella , Castorina Silvia , Ricci Daniela , Fortini Stefania , Amore Filippo M. , De Crescenzo Franco , Lucchese Franco
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The objective of the current study was to design and pilot-test a nonverbal intelligence test for children and adolescents with visual impairment (i.e., blindness and low vision) aged 10 to 16 years. Method: A three-dimensional haptic matrix test of nonverbal cognitive abilities (3-DHMT-CA), initially developed for adults with visual impairment, was adapted and administered to 25 juveniles with severe low vision or blindness and 25 sighted peers. The test consisted of 22 tactual matrices with a missing element, and juveniles were asked to understand the logical scheme underlying each matrix and to complete it. Convergent validity was assessed in the sighted group with the Standard Progressive Matrices. Divergent validity was measured with the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) and the Working Memory Index (WMI) of the Italian version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition. Between-group differences were analyzed with Student’s t-test and ANOVA. Results: Results show a high correlation with the convergent measure (with the Standard Progressive Matrices), and the moderate correlations with divergent measures (VCI and WMI). Between-group differences showed significantly higher scores for sighted peers than juveniles with visual impairment at 3-DHMT-CA, and non-significant differences at VCI and WMI. Discussion: This haptic nonverbal cognitive test showed good psychometric properties, but it needs to be validated in a larger sample with a qualitative analysis of solution strategies because juveniles with visual impairment seem to use different verbal and working memory strategies. Implications for Practitioners: The 3-DHMT-CA and the haptic two-hands modality seem to be suitable to test nonverbal cognitive abilities in juveniles with visual impairment. Practitioners should focus on empowering verbal and working memory abilities, since they may affect nonverbal cognitive abilities as well.
Examining High-Tech Assistive Technology Use of Students With Visual Impairments
Authors: Tuttle Michael , Carter Erik W.
Published: August 2022

Introduction: “High-tech” assistive technology (AT) plays a critical role in the lives and educational experiences of students with visual impairments (i.e. those who are blind or have low vision). However, little is known about how these students actually use AT within their educational programs. Methods: A survey examining AT use and services among 51 students with visual impairments addressed their personal characteristics, device characteristics, device usage, AT assessment, and AT instruction. In addition, 12 teachers provided perspectives on their district's AT services and policies. Results: Students primarily used commercially available AT to access print. Some variations in use were found between elementary and secondary students. Instruction of devices was highly aligned with students’ device use. Discussion: High-tech AT can meet diverse needs among students with visual impairments. Individualization of AT selection and services remains essential. Implications for Practitioners: Educators should consider AT for a broad range of student needs, promote device use at home, reflect on their instruction, and pursue professional development in this area.
Defense in Competition: Multimarket and Structural Effects of Firm-Specific Competition on Risk Transfer
Authors: Yu Jifeng , Lin Yijia
Published: August 2022

This study extends current knowledge on competition and corporate defense by investigating how firms transfer risk in response to their firm-specific multimarket and structural competitive conditions. Drawing on the theory of multimarket competition, we propose an inverted U–shaped relationship between multimarket competition and risk transfer. We also propose that, for the sake of gaining a competitive edge, the extent to which a firm manages risk will tend to be opposite to that of its competitors. Last, we propose that egocentric industry concentration will moderate the relationship between multimarket competition and risk transfer besides its direct effect. Analysis of reinsurance usage in the US property and casualty insurance industry strongly supports our model and shows that firm-specific competitive conditions are salient to a firm's risk transfer level.
African Experiments in Health and Healing: Science from the Home and Homestead
Authors: Neely Abigail H. , Meek Laura A.
Published: August 2022

Through five ethnographic stories, this article rethinks science from the African home and homestead. Focused on our interlocutors’ efforts to heal and protect themselves and their families, these stories of experimentation challenge the ways science is often understood in science studies. Drawing on the literature on science and technology studies (STS) in Africa, postcolonial and feminist STS, medical pluralism, and ontological approaches to health, we argue that rooting our analysis in the worlds of our interlocutors and the practices through which they heal forces a rethinking of what we mean by science. In its place, we offer a science that attends to ontological multiplicity and exceeds and expands on more traditional definitions of science, which for Africa have been aligned with the field experiment and the laboratory. We conclude with the stakes of this intervention, arguing that a more unsettled science studies will decenter the Global North, universalisms, and whiteness, reshaping how we understand science.
Religious Identity, Politics, and the Media: What White Evangelical Christian Women's Religious Identity Reveals About Their Endorsement of Donald J. Trump and Distrust of News Outlets
Authors: Brisbane Gayle Jansen
Published: August 2022

This research examines white evangelical Christian women's social/religious identity and how this distinctiveness influences their political standpoints, voting behaviors, and opinions of perceived out-groups, including news outlets. While appreciating that numerous theoretical aspects are at play in this multifarious subject matter, an analysis of social/religious identity can provide focal insight and understanding when deliberating Christianity, politics, gender, and the media in reference to the nature of evangelical Christian women's support of Donald J. Trump as the United States President as well as their cynicism of most news outlets. This qualitative study employed focus groups and semi-structured in-depth interviews with evangelical Christian women and examined their responses through the lens of critical discourse analysis and social identity. The participants in this study consider their religious identity a vital aspect of their character; it motivates their viewpoints in numerous aspects of their lives, including individual motivations, group stimuli and political impulses. Consequently, how they construct their religious identity, and how and why they react uncompromisingly to out-group threats is a focal element for this exploration.
‘No Justice, No Peace’: Black Radicalism and the Atmospheres of the Internal Colony
Authors: Wall Illan rua
Published: August 2022

Instead of thinking of ‘public order’ as the type of power that police deploy to manage disorder, this article suggests that we understand it as a set of background affects. The problem of analysing these affects is that (aside from moments of unrest) the majority of the populace is anaesthetised to them. Most people take the public feelings of calm predictability for granted. Crucially, however, the everyday management of public order does not anaesthetise everyone. It also produces ‘suspect populations’, who must remain attentive to its low background hum. This article focuses on the US ‘colony within’ literature, developed by civil rights and black nationalist traditions from the late 1960s. The article suggests that this internal colony analysis contains a nuanced exploration of the spatialised affects of public order; the clouds of suspicion; the atmospheres of tension; and the police encounters that generate an affective substrate of relations.
The effects of reserpine on depression: A systematic review
Authors: Strawbridge Rebecca , Javed Rahila R , Cave Jeremy , Jauhar Sameer , Young Allan H
Published: August 2022

Background:

Reserpine is an effective antihypertensive drug, but its role in routine practice has declined such that it is rarely used. This is largely based on the assumption that reserpine causes depression. This assumption was a foundation for the original monoamine hypothesis of depression. However, there remains conflicting evidence as to whether reserpine causes depression, and no systematic review of available evidence.

Aims:

We systematically reviewed evidence on effects of reserpine on depressive and related symptoms (e.g. anxiety, suicidal ideation).

Method:

Electronic searches of MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO were conducted to identify studies up to 14 February 2021. Studies of any methodological design involving reserpine-treated and reserpine-untreated conditions, in any adult human population, were included and a narrative synthesis of findings was undertaken. Risk of bias (RoB) was examined using ROBINS-I.

Results:

Of the 35 studies meeting inclusion criteria, 9 were randomised controlled trials. Eleven studies reported some depressogenic effects, 13 reported no effect and 11 reported putative antidepressant effects. Studies identifying depressive effects were more likely to examine people without psychiatric disorders at baseline, while studies identifying a potential antidepressant effect tended to treat fewer participants for shorter durations, at higher doses. Around one-third of studies conducted in people with psychiatric disorders showed beneficial effects on depression symptoms. 30/35 studies were at high RoB.

Conclusions:

Associations between reserpine and depression are inconsistent and limited by a lack of high-quality evidence. Due to reserpine’s apparently complex effects, we urge nuance rather than simplicity surrounding the monoamine hypothesis of depression.
The sense of meaninglessness in bureaucratized science
Authors: Finkielsztein Mariusz , Wagner Izabela
Published: August 2022

Looking at scientists (in the life sciences), we focus on the sense of meaninglessness associated with bureaucratization. We define the sense of meaninglessness as a perception of meaning deficit or meaning conflict in particular situations that can be associated with frustration, irritation, and/or boredom. We show that it can be caused by identity disturbance – particularly the incongruence between the ideal self as a researcher and the imposed self as a bureaucrat. We claim that the sense of meaninglessness is more likely to emerge in those activities that are further from an individual’s core identity, and more identity work is needed to make them meaningful. We also claim that processes of rationalization imposed by external agendas, particularly transitions from substantive to formal rationality (predictability, control and calculability, efficiency) contribute to the proliferation of meaninglessness in academia. The sense of meaninglessness is, therefore, ignited by the external forces colonizing academic life and constitutes an instance of the ‘irrationality of rationality’. It is an outcome or side effect of the collision between two incompatible logics of practice: bureaucratic and scientific. To show the incongruence of those competing logics, we analyze the data derived from a mixed-method study conducted between 2013 and 2014 among beneficiaries of an international research grant project. As a supplementary source of reference, we use our research on academic boredom and laboratory scientists’ work and careers.
Modeling and Indexing the Cost of Highway Projects to a Responsive Highway User Fee
Authors: El Said Said , Stammer Robert
Published: August 2022

Multiple variables affect the costs of highway projects and associated bid item prices. Such variables constantly change according to factors on the project, state, and national levels. In most states, the dependency on a fixed fuel tax does not link the actual funding cost of highway projects to fees collected from highway users. To establish a link between the highway user fee and the actual costs of highway projects, this research aims to establish a methodology to identify highly significant and influential bid items, quantify the factors affecting the cost of highway projects, develop a bid item price estimation model, and calculate a highway construction cost index. The research identifies significant bid line items and selects “bituminous material for tack coat” to illustrate the research process. The research models the relationship between the bid item price and multiple variables using multiple linear regression and time series analysis. The Fisher price index is used to calculate a highway construction cost index. As a result, the research develops a modeling and indexing approach that can be used to link the actual cost of highway projects to a highway user fee.
Evidence-Based Reading Instruction for Students with Inattention: A Pilot Study
Authors: Stewart Alicia A. , Vaughn Sharon , Scammacca Nancy , Swanson Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2022

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by persistently high levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that interfere with functioning. Inattention is significantly related to lower reading outcomes, whereas hyperactivity/impulsivity alone is not. Strategies to Read Information Texts and Vocabulary Effectively (STRIVE) is a set of evidence-based instructional practices targeting vocabulary and reading comprehension in social studies classrooms. In this pilot study, we investigated the efficacy of STRIVE instruction on the reading outcomes of students with inattention. We included participants from a larger randomized control trial in Grade 4 ( N = 276) identified with high levels of inattention based on teacher referral and a brief ADHD measure. Reading outcomes were compared using ANCOVA, accounting for pre-test scores. Students in treatment conditions ( n = 181) significantly outperformed those in the comparison condition ( n = 95) on measures of content knowledge, content vocabulary, and content reading comprehension. There were no significant differences between conditions on standardized reading measures.
Donald Trump in Power: Discourse, Performativity, Identification
Authors: Venizelos Giorgos
Published: August 2022

Donald Trump’s style is often described as provocative and his administration as catastrophic. Despite this, his popularity remained high throughout his term in office, and in the 2020 US elections, he received 10 million votes more than in 2016. This paper investigates the paradox of political identification through a discursive, performative and stylistic framework. It argues that policy outcomes and rhetorical consistency do not suffice in understanding identification. Rather, transgression – which is typical of populist performativity – plays a pivotal role in interpellating affective collective subjectivities. This article investigates the case of Donald Trump, from his emergence in 2015 until the 2021 Capitol insurgence. It employs discourse and visual analysis to study Trump’s rhetoric and performativity, integrating this with in-depth interviews and ethnographic research to examine the ways his style resonated with his supporters. It concludes that charismatic performativity and transgression play a crucial role in political identification regardless of the quality of institutional performance.
Aesthetic motifs and the materiality of motives
Authors: Bank Mads , de Neergaard Emma S. B. , Nissen Morten
Published: August 2022

This article discusses how working with aesthetic motifs can be used for cultivating motives for young drug-users and to move social work with drug users beyond a problematic framing as “treatment” or “therapy.” The main part of the article is a theoretical discussion of the relations between motive, materiality, and aesthetics in the tradition of Vygotskian socio-cultural-historical activity theory. Through a critical discussion of the functionalism and antifunctionalism in this tradition, we will use the aesthetic theory of Rancière to move beyond their scientific realism and the resulting separation of objectivity from subjectivity. Our aim is to propose a more fertile postpsychological understanding of how motives, metamotives, motifs, materiality, aesthetics, and scientific knowledge are intertwined and produced, and how these processes contribute to an ontological politics of creating new cultures and subjectivities.