bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAJlAN TEKNO EKONOMI APLIKASI NITRIDASI PLASMA UNTUK PENGUATAN LAPISAN PERMUKAAN KOMPONEN OTOMOTIF
Authors: Sujitno B.A. Tjipto , Lsaris Rill , Suprapto Suprapto , Andriyanti Wiwien
Published: December 2020

KAJIAN  TEKNO EKONOMI APLIKASI NITRIDASI PLASMA UNTUK PENGUATAN LAPISAN PERMUKAAN KOMPONEN OTOMOTIF. Telah diselesaikan rancang bangun Perangkat Nitridasi Ion untuk penguatan lapisan permukaan komponen mesin dengan bantuan dana oleh Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi. Pemanfaatan hasil litbangyasa ini di bidang industri perlu didahului dengan kajian ekonomi teknik untuk mendukung kelayakannya. Telah dilakukan kajian tekno-ekonomi pemanfaatan Perangkat Nitridasi Ion untuk perbaikan kualitas permukaan komponen mesin di bidang otomotif.  Kajian ekonomi/kelayakan finansial yang meliputi biaya modal tetap, modal kerja, biaya produksi dan analisis Break Event Point, Payback Period dan Rate of Return telah dilakukan. Hasii anal isis ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Perangkat Nitridasi Ion untuk meningkatkan mutu permukaan komponen otomotif cukup potensial dan mempunyai prospek positif, dimana nilai perhitungan BEP untuk estimasi keuntungan dari 10% s/d 75% berkisar antara 52% sampai dengan 12,9% atau Payback Period antara 137 buIan sampai dengan 23,5 bulan. Analisis Rate of Return menunjukkan pencapaian tingkat suku bunga proyek (i*) sebesar 17,75%/tahun jauh lebih besar dari tingkat suku bunga simpanan di Bank sebesar 7,2%/tahun. Jika mengambil tingkat keuntungan bisnis yang wajar (50%), diperoleh nilai BEP 17,9% dan PP = 34,5 bulan, nilai yang sangat bagus. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan Teknologi Nitridasi Ion sangat prospektif secara ekonomi dan diharapkan mampu memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi lndustri Kecil Menengah di Indonesia.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF HEPA FILTER MENGGUNAKAN METODE REDUKSI VOLUME DAN IMOBILISASI DENGAN MATRIK SEMEN
Authors: Tomo Bung
Published: December 2020

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF PADAT HEPA FILTER MENGGUNAKAN METODE REDUKSI VOLUME DAN IMOBILISASI DENGAN MATRIK SEMEN. Telah dilakukan pengolaban limbah radioaktif padat yang berupa HEPA filter dengan metode reduksi volume dan kondisioning dengan matrik semen. Limbah tersebut berasal dari fasilitas nuklir di lingkungan BATAN. Tujuan dari pengolahan adalah untuk reduksi volume dan pengungkungan unsur radioaktif dalam limbah sehingga lebih aman dan selamat dalam penyimpanannya di Interim Storage. Alat reduksi volume yang digunakan adalah kompaktor hidrolik dengan gaya tekan 600 kN. Proses pengolahan dilakukan dengan cara limbah HEPA filter diletakkan dalam drum 100 liter kemudian dipres dalam drum 200 liter yang bagian dasarnya telab berisi batu koral diameter 5 cm, satu drum 200 liter memuat antara 6 - 9 drum 100 liter. Drum 200 liter yang sudah berisi limbah terkompaksi diberi batu koral berdiameter 2,5 cm kemudian dikondisioning dengan adonan semen. Dosis paparan kontak wadah limbah sebelum diolah antara 0,54 -  110 µSv/jam dan setelah diolah menjadi 0,12 - 0,48 µSv/jam. Bulk density dari drum 200 liter hasil sementasi antara 2 140 - 2360 kg/m3 di atas batas minimal yang diijinkan oleh IAEA (IAEA ρ=1700 - 2500 kg/m3). Hasil olah limbah radioaktif padat adalah 141 drum 100 L dan direduksi volumenya dalam 16 drum 200 L, besarnya reduksi volume 71,23 %.
STUDI SISTEM KESELAMATAN TEKNIS REAKTOR SMART
Authors: Alimah Siti , Dewita Erlan , Sriyono Sriyono
Published: December 2020

STUDI SISTEM KESELAMATAN TEKNIS REAKTOR SMART. Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang terdiri dari banyak pulau besar dan kecil. Kebutuhan energi terutama pada pulau-pulau kecil sampai saat ini belum dapat terpenuhi. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi tersebut, penggunaan energi nuklir dapat menjadi salah satu solusi. Reaktor SMART merupakan salah satu reaktor nuklir berdaya kecil sekitar 90 MWe, dan 10% energinya dapat digunakan untuk produksi air bersih dengan proses desalinasi. Reaktor SMART memiliki dua macam fitur keselamatan yaitu sistem keselamatan melekat (inherent) dan system teknis pasif (passive system). Makalah ini membahas kajian sistem keselamatan teknis reaktor SMART. Tujuan studi adalah memperoleh pemahaman aspek keselamatan teknis reaktor SMART, sebagai masukan pengambil keputusan untuk penimbangan pemilihan teknologi reaktor. Studi dilakukan melalui kajian pustaka. Sistem keselamatan teknis pasif yang diimplementasikan pada SMART adalah sistem shutdown (pemadaman), sistem pengambilan panas sisa pasif, sistem pendinginan teras darurat pasif, sistem proteksi sungkup terhadap tekanan lebih. Disamping itu, sistem proteksi reaktor terhadap tekanan lebih dan beberapa sistem yang memitigasi kecelakaan, juga di tambahkan. Fungsi sistem keselamatan teknis adalah menjaga kestabilan pendinginan reaktor agar tidak terjadi pemanasan berlebih pada sistem pembangkit serta mencegah terlepasnya produk radioaktif ke lingkungan dan melakukan pemadaman reaktor setiap saat diperlukan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pengamanan sistem keselamatan teknis pasif mampu mengurangi penggunaan pompa, katup dan perpipaan sehingga meningkatkan kemudahan konstruksi, operasi dan perawatan sistem, serta mengurangi tindakan operator. Apabila dibandingkan, reaktor SMART hanya memerlukan sekitar 180 katup, jauh lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan reaktor PWR konvensional 1000 MW, yang memerlukan 1100 katup.Kata Kunci: keselamatan teknis, reaktor, SMART, PWR, sistem pasif
STUDI PENDAHULUAN PEMBUATAN FOTOREAKTOR
Authors: Sanyoto Nugroho Tri , Trikasjono Toto , Damar Damar
Published: December 2020

STUDI PENDAHULUAN PEMBUATAN FOTOREAKTOR. Telah dilakukan studi pendahuluan pembuatan fotoreaktor yang digunakan untuk melakukan reaksi fotokimia photobiological dengan sistem panas dan penyinaran ultra violet (IN). Sistem ini terdiri dari mikrokontroler ATMega 16, keypad matriks 3 xx 4, pemanas dan pcnampil LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). Suhu dibangkitkan dengan pemanas dapat diatur waktunya dengan menggunakan keypad. Tegangan analog yang dihasilkan oleh sensor suhu SHT11 dan sensor cahaya LOR (Light Dependent Resistor) diolah ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) pada mikrokontroler untuk dikonversikan menjadi nilai suhu dan intensitas cahaya yang terukur. Tampilan pada LCD 16 x 2 untuk mempermudah pembacaan. Hasil pengujian alat digunakan sampel akrilamida cair dengan perlakuan panas dan penyinaran berubah menjadi gel.Kata kunci: Fotoreaktor, suhu dan sensor, reaksi fotokimia, photobiological
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING RADIASI BERBASIS WEBSITE
Authors: Harsono Djiwo , Abimanyu Adi , Yandika Juli
Published: December 2020

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM MONITORING RADIASI BERBASIS WEBSITE. Sistem monitoring radiasi sangat penting dalam suatu fasilitas nuklir, karena melalui kegiatan monitoring radiasi maka potensi bahaya radiasi dapat dikontrol dan dikurangi. Sistem monitoring radiasi jarak jauh merupakan salah satu cara, untuk meminimalkan resiko potensi bahaya radiasi, dengan cara berada jauh dari sumber radiasi dan tetap bisa melakukan monitoring sumber radiasi tersebut. Selama kegiatan monitoring, data monitoring radiasi merupakan hal yang penting untuk diketahui secara cepat dan dapat diakses dimanapun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan perangkat lunak sistem monitoring radiasi dengan penampil LabVIEW menggunakan state machine jenis arsitektur Queue State Machine, dan membuat database menggunakan XAMPP yang hasilnya dapat diakses melalui website dengan waktu komputasi pemrograman yang optimum. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa, sistem telah berhasil menampilkan data monitoring radiasi pada LabVIEW dan membuat database menggunakan XAMPP yang hasilnya dapat diakses melalui website. Data laju paparan yang dikirimkan menggunakan SMS melalui Modem Wavecom dari Alat Monitoring Radiasi, dapat ditampilkan pada LabVIEW dengan waktu komputasi minimal 1053 ms jika tidak ada delay SMS.Kata kunci: monitoring radiasi, modem, SMS, Lab VIEW, database, website
METODE ANALISIS FISIKOKIMIA PADA BAHAN BAKAR U3SI2-AL DENSITAS 4,8 GU/CM3 PASCA IRADIASI
Authors: NUGROHO ARIF , BOYBUL BOYBUL , ANGGRAINI DIAN , GINTING ASLINA BR.
Published: December 2020

METODE ANALISIS FISIKOKIMIA PADA BAHAN BAKAR U3Si2-Al  DENSITAS 4,8 gU/cm3 PASCA IRADIASI. Untuk melakukan uji PIE (Post Irradiation Examination) khususnya analisis fisikokimia terhadap PEB  U3Si2-Al dengan densitas 4,8 gU/cm3 pasca iradiasi telah dilakukan beberapa pembakuan metode. Pembakuan metode yang dilakukan antara lain metode penentuan distribusi hasil fisi, pemotongan, pelarutan PEB, sedangkan untuk pemisahan dan analisis isotop hasil fisi khususnya 134Cs/137Cs,  serta heavy element  isotop U dan Pu masih perlu dilakukan pengkajian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan parameter distribusi isotop hasil fisi, pemisahan dan analisis isotop hasil belah Cs  dari isotop  U dan Pu di dalam PEB U3Si2-Al densitas 4,8 gU/cm3 pasca iradiasi dengan burn up. Pembakuan metode dilakukan berdasarkan  metode ASTM dan hasil penelitian terhadap PEB U3Si2-Al dengan densitas 2,96 gU/cm3 pasca iradiasi. Analisis fisikokimia yang dilakukan terhadap PEB U3Si2-Al dengan densitas 2,96 gU/cm3 diperoleh kandungan isotop 137Cs sebesar 0,000753 g/g sampel, isotop 235U sebesar 0,032839 g/g sampel dan 239Pu 0,0000109 g/g sampel. Kandungan isotop di dalam PEB  U3Si2-Al densitas  2,96 gU/cm3  digunakan untuk perhitungan burn up.  Metode yang diperoleh siap digunakan untuk analisis fisikokimia terhadap PEB  U3Si2-Al densitas  4,8 gU/cm3  pasca iradiasi  setelah pelaksanaan  uji non destructive test, NDT selesai dilakukan di reaktor.
STUDI SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) UNTUK KARAKTERISASI PROSES OXIDASI PADUAN ZIRKONIUM
Authors: Sujatno Agus , Salam Rohmad , Bandriyana Bandriyana , Dimyati Arbi
Published: December 2020

STUDI SCANNING ELEKTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) UNTUK KARAKTERISASI PROSES OXIDASI PADUAN ZIRKONIUM. Studi analisis Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) telah dilakukan untuk mengkarakterisasi struktur mikro dan lapisan oksida paduan zirkonium, bahan yang prospektif digunakan sebagai material kelongsong bahan bakar reaktor nuklir generasi ke IV dan struktur reaktor fusi modern. Tujuan penelitian adalah guna mendapatkan informasi yang detil dan akurat yang diperlukan untuk mendukung analisis ketahanan korosi paduan zirkonium yang disebabkan oleh proses oksidasi suhu tinggi dengan menggunakan berbagai metode analisis pada SEM. Sampel uji yang digunakan adalah ingot paduan zirkonium ZrNbMoGe setelah tes oksidasi dalam Mass Suspension Balance (MSB) pada temperatur 500 dan 700 oC masing-masing selama 5 jam. Komposisi unsur dalam sampel paduan adalah 96,9 %Zr, 2,5 %Nb, 0,5 %Mo dan 0,1 %Ge. Pengujian SEM dilakukan dengan JEOL JSM-6510LA yang dilengkapi dengan perangkat Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) untuk analisis komposisi kimia. Metode Secondary Electron (SE) dan Backscattered Electron (BSE) dengan opsi Low-Vacuum dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kontras yang optimal. Hasil analisa menunjukan bahwa pada kedua sampel telah tumbuh lapisan oksida berupa ZrO2 dengan ketebalan maksimal 2.4 dan 3.5 mm untuk masing-masing temperatur 500 dan 700 oC. Gambar BSE telah menunjukan batas lapisan dengan jelas, tidak memberikan ruang untuk interpretasi ganda.
PENGARUH TEGANGAN DAN WAKTU PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF URANIUM DAN THORIUM DENGAN PROSES ELEKTROKOAGULASI
Authors: Ridantami Vemi , Wasito Bangun , Prayitno Prayitno
Published: December 2020

PENGARUH TEGANGAN DAN WAKTU PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF URANIUM DAN THORIUM DENGAN PROSES ELEKTROKOAGULASI. Metode pengolahan limbah radioaktif dengan metode fisika dan kimia yang telah dilakukan dinilai kurang efektif, memerlukan waktu yang lama dan biaya yang mahal. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah uranium dan thorium dengan proses elektokoagulasi untuk memisahkan uranium dan thorium dalam limbah cair. Limbah yang digunakan memiliki kadar kontaminan Uranium dan Thorium 500 mg/liter. Pengolahan dilakukan dengan tegangan 10V, 12,5V, dan 15 volt dengan waktu 10,20,30,40,50,dan 60 menit dengan elektroda alumunium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan effisiensi penurunan kontaminan terbaik pada pengolahan ini diperoleh pada kondisi 12,5V dan waktu 60 menit untuk uranium, dengan efisiensi sebesar sebesar 97,2 %,  dan thorium pada 12,5 V waktu 30 menit dengan efisiensi penurunan sebesar 99,6 % .
PENENTUAN KADAR URANIUM DALAM SERBUK UO2 DARI YELLOW CAKE SECARA POTENSIOMETRI DAN GRAVIMETRI
Authors: Windaryati Lilis , Ngatijo Ngatijo , Pranjono Pranjono , Torowati Torowati
Published: December 2020

PENENTUAN KADAR URANIUM DALAM SERBUK UO2 DARI YELLOW CAKE SECARA POTENSIOMETRI DAN GRAVIMETRI. Telah dilakukan penentuan kadar uranium dalam serbuk UO2 dari yellow cake yang berasal dari Pusat Teknologi Bahan Galian Nuklir (PTBGN). Serbuk UO2 yang ditentukan kadar uraniumnya merupakan hasil konversi yellow cake melalui jalur amonium diuranat (ADU) dan amonium uranil karbonat (AUK). Dalam penentuan kadar uranium diperlukan suatu metode yang valid sehingga diperoleh data yang akurat. Dalam kegiatan ini dibandingkan dua metode penentuan kadar uranium dalam serbuk UO2, yaitu secara potensiometri dan secara gravimetri. Tujuannya untuk menentukan mana metode yang memberikan hasil dengan ketelitian dan presisi tinggi. Penentuan kadar uranium secara potensiometri mengacu kepada ASTM C1267-11 yang dimodifikasi dengan mereduksi pemakaian pereaksi menjadi 10% dari metode asli, sedangkan metode gravimetri mengacu kepada ASTM C1453-00 (2011). Penentuan kadar uranium secara potensiometri berdasarkan oksidasi-reduksi, sedangkan secara gravimetri berdasarkan perubahan berat setelah serbuk UO2 dikalsinasi pada temperatur 900°C selama 3 jam hingga diperoleh berat konstan. Dari kegiatan ini diperoleh hasil rerata untuk penentuan kadar uranium dalam serbuk UO2 melalui jalur ADU dan AUK secara potensiometri masing-masing adalah (87,4019 ± 0,7873) % dan (87,5575 ± 0,4775) %, sedangkan secara gravimetri masing-masing adalah (87,5241 ± 0,0432) % dan (87,4492 ± 0,0440) %. Uji t dari kedua metode menunjukkan bahwa hasil penentuan kadar uranium tidak mempunyai perbedaan yang signifikan. Oleh sebab itu, penentuan kadar uranium dalam serbuk UO2 pada penelitian berikutnya digunakan metode gravimetri karena lebih mudah tahapan pengerjaannya dibandingkan dengan metode potensiometri.
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI RADIASI SEBAGAI PERLAKUAN PENDAHULUAN BIOMASSA LIGNOSELULOSA
Authors: Darojati Harum Azizah
Published: December 2020

Biomassa lignoselulosa yang terdiri dari selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin, kerap ditemui sebagai limbah, sebenarnya dapat dimanfaatkan melalui perlakuan pendahuluan. Perlakuan pendahuluan membantu pemanfaatan lignoselulosa dengan cara mengubah strukturnya sehingga mempermudah konversi selulosa dan hemiselulosa menjadi sumber gula yang dapat difermentasi. Berbagai metode fisik, kimia, biologis, atau gabungan digunakan untuk perlakuan pendahuluan lignoselulosa. Teknologi iradiasi adalah salah satu metode perlakuan pendahuluan yang unik dan menjanjikan, yang melibatkan aplikasi sinar gamma, berkas electron, radiasi microwave, UV dan ultrasonik. Ulasan ini menjelaskan peran dan prospek penerapan teknologi radiasi sebagai perlakuan pendahuluan dalam pemanfaatan biomassa lignoselulosa.
ANALISIS DAMPAK INDUSTRI 4.0 TERHADAP SISTEM PENGAWASAN KETENAGANUKLIRAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Alamsyah Reno
Published: December 2020

ANALISIS DAMPAK INDUSTRI 4.0 TERHADAP SISTEM PENGAWASAN KETENAGANUKLIRAN DI INDONESIA. Telah dilakukan suatu kajian mengenai pengaruh gelombang Industri 4.0 terhadap sistem pengawasan ketenaganukliran di Indonesia. Industri 4.0 adalah istilah yang diterapkan pada berbagai transformasi yang demikian cepat dalam desain, manufaktur, operasi, serta layanan produk dan sistem produksi. Penggunaan 4.0 menandakan bahwa ini adalah revolusi industri keempat di dunia, meneruskan tiga lompatan besar sebelumnya, yatu: Manufaktur mesin uap dan air, produksi massal bertenaga listrik berbasis pembagian kerja, dan zaman elektronika dan teknologi informasi dengan otomatisasi tugas-tugas rumit. Berbagai penelitian menyebutkan bahwa Industri 4.0 mengubah banyak hal, termasuk: meningkatnya fleksibilitas produksi, kustomisasi massal, produktivitas, mutu produk, keterlibatan pelanggan dalam proses desain, semakin mendekatnya lokasi produksi ke pelanggan, dan model bisnis. Semua perkembangan ini tentunya harus diantisipasi oleh Badan Pengawas. Dengan demikian, tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi hal-hal yang sudah atau perlu dilakukan oleh BAPETEN dalam rangka menyongsong era Industri 4.0. Kajian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif, analitik dan kualitatif yang dilengkapi dengan studi literatur dan pengamatan praktik-praktik yang ada di BAPETEN. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa BAPETEN sebagian telah melakukan antisipasi akan datangnya era Industri 4.0, namun masih ada banyak peluang untuk peningkatan.
ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ON COOLING TOWER FILL
Authors: Aziz Rohman Hakim Abdul , Achmad Kosasih Engkos
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses heat and mass transfer in cooling tower fill. In this research, dry bulb temperature at the bottom fill, ambient relative humidity, air stream velocity entering fill, dry bulb temperature leaving the fill, relative humidity of air leaving the fill, inlet and outlet water temperature of cooling tower were measured. Those data used in heat and mass transfer calculation in cooling tower fill. Then, do the heat and mass transfer calculation based on proposed approch. The results are compared with design data. The design and analogy method showed different  result. The parameter which influence the heat transfer at cooling tower are represented by coefficient of heat transfer hl and coefficient of mass transfer k­l. The differencies result between design and analogy method shows that there is important parameter which different. Deeply study needed for it.
Conditions for Independent Life of People with Disabilities (in View of the Results of the Study)
Authors: Zhigunova Galina
Published: December 2020

In recent decades, Russia has taken steps to create an accessible environment for people with disabilities, but the problem of equal participation of these individuals is still problematic because of the existing social barriers in a variety of areas of activity. As a result, the people with disabilities have limited opportunities for personal fulfillment and inclusion in the society. In this regard, ensuring the independent life of the people with disabilities is an urgent task of our time, affecting not only the urban and technical aspects, but also a range of social factors. An interview with the people with disabilities conducted by the author in 2019 to understand the conditions and factors of independent life in this category revealed that the people with disabilities seek to participate in the society, but they note social barriers in all areas of activity. In this context, inclusive measures must be performed as a whole, considering socio-environmental, inventorial, and individual and personal factors in all spheres of life activity.
Zbornik Drage Roksandića
Authors: Petrić Hrvoje , Šimetin Šegvić Filip
Published: December 2020

U ovom se zborniku objavljuju tekstovi koje su prijatelji, suradnici i nekadašnji studenti profesora Drage Roksandića iz cijeloga svijeta napisali kako bi obilježili njegov sedamdeseti rođendan i odlazak u mirovinu s Odsjeka za povijest Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Tkogod da je susreo profesora Dragu Roksandića između 1990., kada je na Odsjeku za povijest izabran za docenta, i 2018. godine, kada je otišao u mirovinu, vjerojatno je primijetio njegov značajan utjecaj na studente svih razina, od preddiplomskih do doktorskih. Profesor je snažno inspirirao i utjecao na bliske suradnike svih generacija. Ovdje je riječ o pravom Festschriftu, „pisanoj proslavi“, koja prema dobrim običajima akademske zajednice izlazi u čast jednog njezina uvaženog člana. Prilozi u zborniku obuhvaćaju različite epohalne horizonte – neki detaljno istražuju pojedine segmente određenog perioda, neki se usmjeravaju na lokalne fenomene ili pristupaju istraživačkim problemima mikrohistorijski. Neki tekstovi obuhvaćaju razdoblja u duljem trajanju, obrađuju različite strukture ili nude određene globalnohistorijske odrednice. Mnogi su prilozi multidisciplinarni, interdisciplinarni ili transdisciplinarni, što je odraz činjenice da Drago Roksandić nikada nije smatrao da je povjesničarev zanat isključiv ili zatvoren, već je u svojim predavanjima i radovima uvijek otvarao komunikacijske prostore s drugim disciplinama. U nekim se tekstovima autori posebno bliski profesoru Roksandiću prisjećaju iskustava kolegijalne suradnje. Zajedničko je svim radovima to što su znak predanosti i iskrene počasti profesoru i kolegi koji svojim primjerom pokazuje što znači odanost struci, na koji način istraživati određene teme inovativno, polazeći iz različitih perspektiva, zatim kako postavljati prava problemska pitanja i kako očuvati istraživačku radost, energiju i žar, odnosno zbog čega povijesne kontroverze treba proučavati hrabro i trezveno, a prilaziti im dijaloški. Ovaj je zbornik, dakako, samo jedan mogući prikaz interesa, epoha, problema i pristupa kojima se do sada Drago Roksandić bavio. U svim je radovima moguće pronaći njegove utjecaje, a brojna je istraživanja, čiji su rezultati sada ovdje objavljeni, i on sâm potaknuo, mnogo prije negoli je započeo rad na ovom zborniku.
Cooperatives in Croatia - Inefficient, Undesirable or Unrecognized Type of Organization?
Authors: Žažar Krešimir
Published: December 2020

Nakon inicijalnih određivanja pojma, kratkog retrospektivnog ukazivanja na historijsku važnost zadruga u globalnim i u okvirima hrvatskog društva, odnosno navođenja pojedinih numeričkih pokazatelja koji indiciraju iznimnu relevantnost zadružnih organizacija u pojedinim, napose zapadnoeuropski zemljama, ali istovremeno ukazuju na blijedi značaj zadruga u Hrvatskoj danas. Središnji segment članka donosi nalaze jedne etape empirijskog istraživanja provedenog u finalnoj sekvenci 2018. kao dio radne aktivnosti u sklopu projekta „Uloga jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave u razvoju zadrugarstva“. Riječ je o kvalitativnom istraživanju, usidrenom na metodi polustrukturiranog intervjua, realiziranog na neprobabilističkom namjernom uzorku (N=11) koji je uključivao sugovornike različitih profila (reprezentanata zadruga, predstavnika jedinica regionalne i lokalne samouprave, djelatnika razvojnih agencija i sl.) u Međimurskoj županiji, kao primjeru razvijene mikro regije, odnosno u Sisačko-moslavačkoj županiji, primjeru slabije razvijene sredine u Hrvatskoj. Namjera je istraživanja bila ispitati u kojoj se mjeri zadruge pojavljuju kao relevantni dionik društvenog razvoja na regionalnom / lokalnom nivou, dijagnosticirati odrednice društvenog okruženja (eksterne faktore) koje imaju pozitivne odnosno negativne učinke na poslovanje zadruga, ali detektirati i intra-organizacijske čimbenike (interne faktore) koji djeluju na gospodarske, socijalne, odnosno opće performanse zadruga. Krucijalni nalazi ukazuju da se kao prepreka uspješnijem djelovanju zadruga pojavljuju određeni strukturni čimbenici kao što su nedostatno jasan i učestalo promjenjiv regulativni okvir, neinformiranost poslovnih subjekata o potencijalima zadružnog organiziranja, neprepoznavanje zadruga kao distinktivnog organizacijskog oblika, izostanak sistematizirane potpore radu zadruga, ali i određeni sociokulturni čimbenici poput stanovitog skepticizma samih članova/ica zadruga spram sudjelovanja u zadružnoj organizaciji. Potonje ukazuje na deficit društvenoga kapitala što se može vezivati uz značajke dominantne kulturne matrice obilježene stanovitim zazorom spram zadrugarstva kao negativne ostavštine socijalizma, premda se pri referiranju na socijalističko nasljeđe u pravilu iz vida gubi da tradicija zadrugarstva u Hrvatskoj u historijskom smislu ima znatno dublje korijenje. Poredbena crtica dvaju uspoređivanih slučajeva indicira da nisu prisutne suštinske razlike u načinu funkcioniranja zadruga u razmatranim županijama. Naposljetku se naznačuju određene grube konture smjernica u kojem bi pravcu valjalo djelovati s ciljem unapređenja zadrugarstva u Hrvatskoj.
The Use of Grain Seeds in Environmental Assessment of Urban Soils Depending on the Level of Anthropogenic Load
Authors:   Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia, Makaeva A. Z. , Okazova Z. P. ,   Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia, Kozachek A. V. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia
Published: December 2020

The possibilities of using bio-indication methods in assessing urban soils in Grozny have been studied. The study was carried out according to the methodology for assessing the total phytotoxicity of the Parker C. soil in the period 2016 – 2019. Soil samples were taken layer by layer on the territory of Grozny. It has been established that herbaceous plants, as a part of the biological resource of an urban area, are quite sensitive to environmental pollution, which is determined by different levels of development of the territory. This is manifested in the form of a slowdown in the growth of both the aboveground and underground parts of plants. Statistical analysis showed the presence of an inverse correlation between the level of development of the territory and the germination of seeds of indicator plants.
Investigation of ancestral alleles in the Bovinae subfamily v1
Authors: Naji Maulana , Utsunomiya Yuri , Sölkner Johann , Rosen Benjamin , Mészáros Gábor
Published: December 2020

In evolutionary theory, divergence and speciation can arise from long periods of reproductive isolation, genetic mutation, selection and environmental adaptation. After divergence, alleles can either persist in their initial state (ancestral allele - AA), co-exist or be replaced by a mutated state (derived alleles -DA). Defining AA and DA at polymorphic sites is useful to test hypotheses regarding molecular evolutionary processes, including estimation of allelic age, formation of linkage disequilibrium patterns and selection signatures. In this study, we aligned whole genome sequences of individuals from the Bovinae subfamily (gaur, yak, bison, wisent, gayal, and cattle) to the cattle reference genome (ARS.UCD-1.2). We then identified sequence variants in three outgroups, i.e. yak, bison and gayal-gaur-banteng. Accommodating independent divergent of each lineage from the initial ancestral state, AA were defined based on fixed alleles on at least two groups resulting in ~32.4 million variants. Using non-overlapping scanning windows of 10 Kb, we counted the AA observed within taurine and zebu cattle. We focused on the extreme points, regions with top 0.1% (high count) and regions without any occurrence of AA (null count). As mutation occurs across autosome independently, high count regions preserved gene functions from ancestral states that are still beneficial in the current condition, while null counts regions were linked to mutated ones. Gene ontology terms were inferred for functionality of referred regions. For both cattle, high count regions were associated to basal lipid metabolism which is essential on surviving of various condition pressures. Mutated regions were associated to productive traits in taurine such as higher metabolism, cell development and behaviors. While for zebu, mutation appeared for adaptation to marginal environment showed mainly by function in immune response domain. Our findings suggest that retaining and losing AA in some genes or regions are varied and made it species-specific with possibility of overlapping as it depends on the selective pressure they had to experience.
Quantitative Assessment of Islet Viability upon Arrival to HIPP by Staining with Trypan Blue Dye v1
Authors: not provided IIDP-HIPP
Published: December 2020

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is based on the Vanderbilt Human Islet Phenotyping Program (HIPP) procedures for dispersing islets to single cell suspension and quantitatively assessing viability by Trypan Blue staining. This SOP defines the assay method used by the Human Islet Phenotyping Program (HIPP) for quantitative and qualitative determination of the Purified Human Pancreatic Islet product, post-shipment, manufactured for use in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)-sponsored research in the Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP).
Plasmid Sequence Assembly from Long Reads v2
Authors: A Eccles David
Published: December 2020

This protocol demonstrates how to assemble reads from plasmid DNA, and generate a circularised and non-repetitive consensus sequence At the moment, this protocol uses Canu to de-novo assemble high-quality single-cut reads. Input(s): demultiplexed fastq files (see protocol Demultiplexing Nanopore reads with LAST). I've noticed that the default demultiplexing carried out by Guppy (at least up to v4.2.2, as used in the first version of this protocol) has issues with chimeric reads, which can affect assembly. Output(s): Consensus sequence per barcode as a fasta file
document 1 14.12 v1
Authors: Guliakina Maria
Published: December 2020

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ALM Window Surgery v1
Authors: Kim JJ
Published: December 2020

Head Post and Cranial Window Outline Janelia Research Campus Svoboda Lab Bryan Maclennan (December 2013) Abridged version by Courtney Davis (December 2015) Compiled by JJ Kim (July 2019) Note: This outline only provides practical step-by-step advice. All surgeons should be familiar with and carefully adhere to the official animal protocol and current prucedures posted on the Svoboca lab wiki.
Emergence of Knowledge Commons, Risks, and Relevance for the Human-Rights Framework
Authors: Vila Viñas David
Published: December 2020

The study of common-pool resources (CPRs) has become increasingly important in social sciences. CPRs emphasize a more inclusive use and an institutional and normative community-based approach. However, this approach is exposed to access, sustainability, and democracy risks. This paper shows the interest that the rationality of the institutions for the commons can have for the legal sphere and, particularly, for human rights. Both are characterized by powerful democratic legislation and share concern for meeting the needs of the subjects involved and for the effectiveness of their contents and guarantees.
Digital Maps and Senses of Security: The Influence of a Veracious Media on Urban Life
Authors: Hanchard Matthew S.
Published: December 2020

Digital technologies mediate our experience and use of urban space in several ways. This article argues that people trust the information provided by digital maps (such as Google Maps, Bing Maps, and OpenStreetMap), including datasets embedded within them, e.g., crime statistics and council tax banding. People choose particular sites and routes, and they make wider decisions based on digital map content. The article highlights the senses of security people gain from using digital maps, and the influence that their use has, for instance, on choices of which home to buy (landed capital acquisition), which route to take and by which mode of transport, and which restaurant or hotel to visit. As such, the article argues that digital maps influence the ways in which bodies are distributed and move in urban space. The article applies a practice theory lens to data from a scoping sample survey (n = 261), 32 semi-structured interviews, and three focus groups. Through empirical examples, it demonstrates how a sense of security provided by digital maps is experienced by users, and how that serves to influence the decisions people make in negotiating and making urban space meaningful.
“Look How Many Gays There Are Here”: Digital Technologies and Non-Heterosexual Space in Haikou
Authors: Cummings James
Published: December 2020

This article explores the capacities of digital technologies to disrupt, redefine and multiply urban spaces, creating new ways of seeing and experiencing cities. Based on ethnographic research into the lives of men who desire men in Haikou, People’s Republic of China, and their uses of the location-aware dating app Blued, I show how the city is produced anew as a space imagined and engaged in relation to the perceptible presence of other men who desire men. In a sociopolitical context in which non-heterosexual lives are largely invisible in public spaces, the digitally mediated visibility of Blued users to one another invites a range of social practices through which urban spaces, as well as spatial categories of ‘the urban’ and ‘the rural,’ are reproduced at the intersections of sexuality, space and digital technologies. With its empirical focus on an ‘ordinary’ city in a non-Western context, this article challenges both the Eurocentricity of much digital geographies research and its tendency to focus on global cities.
CITY-FORMING ELEMENT AS A UNIT OF STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF URBAN AREAS STATE AND CONVERSION PROCESS
Authors: FILANOVA Tatiana V. , NIKONOV Kirill E.
Published: December 2020

The paper views the possibility of urban studies from the position of selected city-forming elements, whose quality and value characteristics are the indicators of actual state and transformation processes of urban areas. These elements become key elements to determine the vector of city development and urban planning forecast allows to evaluate and to monitor urban planning decisions. This city awareness permits to identify the values criteria of designed objects (spaces) and their grounds, presenting certain requirements for development of diff erent urban areas. Integration of the city-forming elements reveals a «complicated» relationship between the various parts of the city than is commonly believed today.
ARCHITECTURE OF RURAL CHURCHES OF THE XVIII CENTURY IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION
Authors: PONOMARENKO Elena V.
Published: December 2020

The study was carried out at the expense of the State Program of the Russian Federation “Development of Science and Technology” for 2013-2020 in the framework of the Plan of Basic Scientifi c Research of the Ministry of Construction of Russia and the RAASN, topic 1.2.14. The article att empts to analyze a wide range of issues related to the formation of the architecture of rural Orthodox churches in the middle Volga region in the 18th century. The layout, composition and stylistic features of the architecture of the region’s Orthodox churches are considered. The features of the regional religious architecture of the Middle Volga region are revealed. The extensive material of fi eld surveys is presented.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS OF THE CONSULATES IN SHENYANG, CHINA
Authors: SMOLIANINOVA Tatyana A.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the architecture of the preserved historical buildings of the consular offi ces of Shenyang City in Liaoning Province during the fi rst half of the 20th century. During the period under review, consulates of countries such as Britain, France, Japan, Germany, Italy, America and Russia were opened. In the process of research, four surviving objects were identifi ed, in which Japan, Germany and France were located. Their compositional and stylistic analysis with a brief historical description is carried out. In particular, it was determined that mainly buildings selected as consular offi ces or built directly for them were located in the central administrative region. Currently, the preserved objects are included in the list of monuments of the architectural heritage of Shenyang. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number № 20-012-00316
TRANSPORT ORGANIZATION OF AREAS OF URBAN ACTIVITY IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE SAMARA CITY
Authors: ZHOGOLEVA Anna V. , NIKOLAEVA Anastasia N.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the features of transport services for urban areas of Samara in relation to the planning framework of the city. The formation of a system of urban centers and areas of urban activity is considered based on the principle of transport security of urban territories and centers. The article examines the quality of the transport and pedestrian framework of the city of Samara, the parameters of streets of citywide and district signifi cance.
HYDRAULIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ENSURING OF EFFICIENCY OF WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
Authors: SAYRIDDINOV Sayriddin Sh.
Published: December 2020

In this article, hydraulic and technological ways of increasing the effi ciency of the water supply system for high-rise buildings are considered in order to improve the effi ciency of water supply and distribution in a given projected facility. The operational, technological and feasibility analysis of the applicability of modern pumps to improve the effi ciency of water supply systems in high-rise buildings has been completed. Cascade water supply technologies are justifi ed with the aim of regulating the hydraulic regime in the water supply system of high-rise buildings. The operational features of water supply systems of high - rise buildings, the factors infl uencing water and resource saving, the effi ciency of pump installations and the peculiarities of their regulation are substantiated.
«URBAN VILLAGE» AS A FORM OF HABITATION IN THE HISTORICAL CENTERS OF LARGE CITIES
Authors: LASHCHENKO Snezhana V.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the concept of "Urban village", it presents the results of its application to the analysis of historical centers of large post-Soviet cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Samara, Odessa and Tbilisi. An att empt has been made to develop this concept. The features of the "urban village" and changes of the historical centers of these cities from the late 19th century to 2020th are analyzed.
Towards Practice and Principle Adoption through Continuous DevOps Leadership
Authors:   Microsoft, Modern Service Management, Maroussi, Attica, Greece., Maroukian Krikor
Published: December 2020

The contribution emphasizes research undertaken in highly structured software-intensive organisations and the transitional challenges associated to agile, lean and DevOps practices andprinciples adoption journeys. The approach undertaken to gain insights to research questions resulted in data collected, through a series of interviews, by thirtypractitioners from EMEA region (Czech Republic, Estonia, Italy, Georgia, Greece, The Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, UAE, UK) working in ninedifferent industry domains. A set of agile, lean and DevOps practices and principles that organisations are choosing to include in their adoption journeys towardsDevOps-oriented structures is identified. The most frequently adopted practices of structured service management that can contribute to the success of DevOps practices adoption are also identified. Results indicate that software product development andoperations roles in DevOps-oriented organisationscan benefit from specific leadership styles.
USE OF DISTRIBUTED HASH TABLES TO PROVIDE ACCESS TO CLOUD SERVICES
Authors: Klots Y.P. , Muliar I.V. , Cheshun V.M. , Burdyug O.V.
Published: December 2020

In the article the urgency of the problem of granting access to services of distributed cloud system is disclosed, in particular, the peer distributed cloud system is characterized. The process of interaction of the main components is provided to access the domain name web resource. It is researched that the distribution of resources between nodes of a peer distributed cloud system with the subsequent provision of services on request is implemented using the Kademlia protocol on a local network or Internet and contains processes for publishing the resource at the initial stage of its owner, replication and directly providing access to resources. Application of modern technologies of adaptive information security systems does not allow full control over the information flows of the cloud computing environment, since they function at the upper levels of the hierarchy. Therefore, to create effective mechanisms for protecting software in a cloud computing environment, it is necessary to develop new threat models and to create methods for displaying computer attacks that allow operatively to identify hidden and potentially dangerous processes of information interaction. Rules of access form the basis of security policy and include restrictions on the mechanisms of initialization processes access. Under the developed operations model, the formalized description of hidden threats is reduced to the emergence of context-dependent transitions in the multigraph transactions. The method of granting access to the services of the distributed cloud system is substantiated. It is determined that the Distributed Hash Table (DHT) infrastructure is used to find a replication node that has a replica of the requested resource or part of it. The study identified the stages of identification of the node's validation. The process of adding a new node, validating authenticity, publishing a resource, and accessing a resource is described in the form of a step-by-step sequence of actions within the framework of the method of granting access to services of a distributed cloud system by graphical description of information flows, interaction of processes of information and objects processing.
Improving Paleoseismic Earthquake Magnitude Estimates with Rupture Length Information: Application to the Puget Lowland, Washington State, U.S.A.
Authors: Styron Richard H. , Sherrod Brian
Published: December 2020

Both earthquake displacement and rupture length correlate with magnitude, and, therefore, observations of each from past earthquakes can be used to estimate the magnitude of those earthquakes in the absence of instrumental records. We extend the Bayesian inversion method of Biasi and Weldon (2006), which estimates paleoearthquake magnitude from displacement observations, to incorporate both rupture length and surface displacement measurements into the magnitude inversion. We then use this method on 27 late-Pleistocene to Holocene paleoearthquakes in the Puget Lowland region of Washington. Observations of (typically vertical) fault separation per event range from 0.6 to 7 m, implying net displacement per event of up to 10±4  m for the largest event. Rupture lengths are estimated to vary between the smallest contiguous mapped scarps to the full extent of the faults mapped from geology and geophysical observations. Although, a few of the ruptures may be longer than 150 km, the ruptures have a median of 53 km, indicating that earthquakes in the Puget Lowland have relatively high displacement-to-length ratios. By considering both datasets, we find that all events were between M 6.3 and 7.5, generally consistent with the expected seismicity from the U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Map for the region. The simultaneous use of both length and displacement data in the magnitude inversion decreases both the estimated earthquake magnitudes and the uncertainty. The magnitude reduction, in particular, is due to the relatively short rupture lengths possible for Puget Lowland faults. This implies a decrease in the seismic hazard (relative to a displacement-only assessment) to a highly populated and rapidly urbanizing region.
The competences of young teachers in education of pupils with special educational needs
Authors: Slowik J. , Peskova M. , Shatunova O. V. , Bartus E. V.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The present article considers the problem of readiness of young teachers to teach children with special educational needs in countries where the introduction of inclusive education began only in the last decade. The authors describe the key concepts of the theory of formation of professional skills and competences of teachers for working in inclusive education, based on which the results of research conducted in theCzechRepublic,Poland andRussia.

The aim of this article is to compare the experience of young teachers in teaching children with special educational needs in relation to their skills and competences needed to perform this task.

Methodology and research methods. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data, which were eventually processed using basic statistics (quantitative survey) and the open-coding method (qualitative content).

Results. The results of the study indicate both strong and weak aspects of the skills of young teachers in teaching students with special educational needs. In particular, a qualitative analysis of teachers’ responses revealed some interesting ideas that can be used in the search for improvements in teacher training, as well as in the support provided to teachers working with children with special educational needs directly in the school environment at the beginning of their professional careers. In general, it can be stated that young teachers in all three countries do not feel sufficiently qualified in terms of training to work with these children and are in need of expert support.

Scientific novelty. The results of the current research allow for the determination of some priorities in teacher training for the modern development of inclusive education in the countries examined.

Practical significance. The presented materials of the research can become the basis for developing a system of expert support for young teachers in the implementation of inclusive education, as well as new programs for preparing future teachers to work with pupils with special educational needs.
Włoski misjonarz-leksykograf w dziewiętnastowiecznej Bułgarii
Authors: Walczak-Mikołajczakowa Mariola
Published: December 2020

Autorka omawia wydaną w 2020 roku książkę Magaleny Abadżiewej Ръкописният българо-италиански речник на отец Маурицио от 1845 г. Изследване и текст, nawiązując do niektórych wątków z historii bułgarskich katolików i dziejów ich piśmiennictwa. Badaczka potwierdza tezę, że dzieło autora-cudzoziemca jest znaczącym wkładem do dorobku bułgarskiego piśmiennictwa katolickiego i stanowi cenne źródło wiedzy o dialekcie paulicjańskim.
Чуждото богомилство? Историософските колебания на Петър Мутафчиев
Authors: Minczew Georgi
Published: December 2020

Obcy bogomilizm? Historiozoficzne wahania Petara Mutafcziewa

Artykuł jest poświęcony historycznemu esejowi Petyra Mutafcziewa pt. Pop Bogomił i święty Iwan Rylski. Duch negacji w naszej historii (Поп Богомил и Свети Иван Рилски. Духът на отрицанието в нашата история). Tekst wybitnego historyka napisany w 1934 roku został omówiony w kontekście całościowego historiograficznego dorobku autora oraz w świetle kulturowych poszukiwań bułgarskich intelektualistów okresu międzywojennego. Opracowanie przynosi nowe ustalenia dotyczące wpływów zewnętrznych na naukowe poglądy Mutafcziewa, przede wszystkim stosunek Benedetta Croce’go do absolutnego historyzmu. W tekście rozpatrzono również trzy główne koncepcje historiozoficzne bułgarskiego mediewisty: 1) skokowy rozwój bułgarskiej historii, 2) destrukcyjny wpływ bizantynizmu na życie polityczne, religijne i kulturowe średniowiecznej Bułgarii, a także 3) powierzchowny charakter ludowej wiary Bułgarów jako skutek przyjęcia obcego chrześcijaństwa z rąk bizantyjskich. Pod tym względem bogomilizm wydaje się być doktryną zewnętrzną, zawierającą starsze idee dualistyczne, które rozpowszechniały się w Bizancjum, a tym samym do pewnego stopnia odzwierciedlały destrukcyjny charakter bizantynizmu. Oryginalna koncepcja Mutafchieva odchodzi od utartych ścieżek przetartych przez wcześniejszych badaczy, a tym samym świadczy o doskonałości zarówno samego eseju, jak i ogólnej wizji historii Bułgarii prezentowanej przez historyka.