bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pectoralis minor syndrome
Authors: Aktaş İlknur
Published: December 2022

Pectoralis minor syndrome (PMS) is defined as compression of the brachial plexus (BP) nerves, axillary artery, and axillary vein under the pectoralis minor muscle. The symptoms of PMS resemble supraclavicular compression of the neurovascular bundle, with shoulder, neck, chest, and arm pain, and paresthesia and weakness in the arm and hand. The diagnosis of PMS can be confused with other upper extremity pain syndromes. A detailed history, including occupation, daily activities, sports, and trauma, is critical in the diagnosis, together with physical examination findings. Radiological examinations, including direct radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and electrophysiological tests, are also helpful for the differential diagnosis. Arterial and venous Doppler ultrasound, including dynamic investigation, can display arterial and venous compression. Injection tests are used to confirm the definitive diagnosis. Conservative treatment is successful in most patients, and surgical treatment is considered in unresponsive cases.
Farmer producer organisations: Innovative institutions for upliftment of small farmers
Authors: Nikam Vinayak , Singh Premlata , Ashok Arathy , Kumar Shiv
Published: December 2022

Need of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPO) was felt to overcome the problems of unorganized small farmers who lack access to resources and services. FPOs emerged as an interface between small farmers and the external world by providing forward and backward linkages, giving them required voice, market access, bargaining power, economy of scale and better prices. Among different tangible and intangible benefits, marketing related benefits like access to different market channels, decrease in risk, decrease in transaction cost, economy of scale etc. were reported prominently by different studies. Some studies recommended formation of women FPO, as male dominance in mixed type of FPO reduces womenâ€™s chance of equal participation. Structure and organization of FPO vary from country to country depending upon the legal and policy framework of the country. Ability of FPO to create and maintain linkages outside is linked to success of the FPO in long run. Articulation of demand, service provision, capacity building and financing are the important Extension and Advisory functions performed by FPOs. Weakness related to organization and group dynamics featured prominently in many studies, which can be overcome by enabling policy, ethics, professionalism and linkages creation for success and sustenance of FPO.
Impact of biotechnology and nanotechnology on future bread improvement: An overview
Authors: GOEL S , GREWAL S , SINGH K , DWIVEDI N
Published: December 2022

No crop contributes more to human flesh than the wheat that gives us our daily bread. A range of products can be processed from its flour, like bread, pasta, biscuits, chapatti etc, out of which bread is the most successful one. The end use quality of bread is mainly dependent on the quality and quantity of wheat seed storage proteins. There is a continuously increasing demand for good bread products both by the consumers and baking industry. To meet the growing demand of high quality nutritious bread with long shelf life a range of biotechnical and nanotechnical formulas have been employed to bring a new shape to food for the upcoming generation. Proteomics and transformation led to improved end product by modifying the wheat seed storage proteins for improved end products. Nanotechnology is an upcoming technology which is proving to be helpful in packaging and nutritional enhancement. Here, in this article, we have listed and focused on the techniques that would be helpful in enhancing bread quality and its nutritional status in future.
Alteraciones en la fauna silvestre por la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: López-Orozco Diego , Miranda-Narváez Clara , Becerril-Cavazoz Mitzi , Esquivel-Colín Gerardo , Sánchez-Mendoza Alicia , Martínez-Lazcano Juan Carlos , González-Guevara Edith , Pérez-Severiano Francisca
Published: December 2022

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Manejo Integrado de Parásitos en Pequeños Rumiantes
Authors: Martínez Ortiz de Montellano Cintli , Torres Acosta Juan Felipe De Jesús , Ojeda Robertos Nadia Florencia , González Reyes Laura , Muñoz Maldonado Sara Atzin
Published: December 2022

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El riesgo en mascotas ante la viruela símica
Authors: Torres-Castro Marco , Suárez-Galaz Alejandro Rafael , Yeh-Gorocica Aarón Beltrán , Panti-May Jesús Alonso
Published: December 2022

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Parásitos en venados (Odocoileus virginianus y Mazama temama) de la zona centro de Veracruz, México
Authors: Mora Collado Norma , Romero Salas Dora , Cruz Romero Anabel , Serna Lagunes Ricardo
Published: December 2022

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La delimitación de especies crípticas: el caso del complejo Tillandsia ionantha (Bromeliaceae)
Authors: Ancona Juan Jose , Pinzón Juan Pablo , Ortiz Díaz Juan Javier , Tun Garrido Juan
Published: December 2022

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¿Es recomendable usar cannabinoides (CBDs) para la salud de nuestras mascotas?
Authors: Olivares - Muñoz Angelica , Mora-Collado Norma , Bravo-Ramos José Luis
Published: December 2022

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PERMUDAH LAYANAN DAN PERLUASAN PASAR MELALUI PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL PADA UMKM UHAT KLB MALANG
Authors: Safa'atin Haya Nur , Febriani Andika Wulan , Winarno Agung , Hermawan Agus
Published: December 2022

The purpose of helping UMKM UHAT KLB is to expand market share, facilitate online transactions, change the mindset of UMKM UHAT KLB, related to the use of digital technology. The purpose of the assistance to the UMKM Uhat KLB is because many consumers buy tofu through the wheat KLB website, so we provide deeper assistance to take advantage of digital technology. This study uses the active participation method of mentoring, namely discussion, mentoring, training, and monitoring. So, the results of the research are the application of digital technology, for example, making a brand logo by utilizing technology, where the brand logo is used as a characteristic of what KLB and as a differentiator for other tofu competitors. The second is Instagram social media, which can expand the market share of UMKM Uhat KLB. In addition, the use of omnichannel and Go Mart also makes it easier to order what KLB products. Next, that is changing the mindset of the owners and employees of what KLB that the distribution of tofu is not only through traditional markets in Malang. However, by utilizing digital technology, UMKM Uhat KLB can market its products digitally
Performa Ayam Kampung Super pada Pemberian Tepung Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays) Fermentasi dengan Level Berbeda
Authors: Nurlita Wa Ode , Nafiu La Ode , Zulkarnain Deki
Published: December 2022

Abstrak.Penelitian ini Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis performans ayam kampung super pada pemberian tongkol jagung (Zea Mays) fermentasi dengan level berbeda.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Unit Ternak Unggas Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari pada bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan 64 ekor ayam kampung super, dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu P0 (pakan tanpa tongkol jagung fermentasi), P1 (pakan mengandung 2% tongkol jagung fermentasi), P2 (pakan mengandung 4% tongkol jagung fermentasi), P3 (pakan mengandung 6% tongkol jagung fermentasi) dan 4 ulangan. Variabel yang diamati yaitu konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi pakan.Data yang diperoleh ditabulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rataan konsumsi pakan yaitu 34,18-38,33 g/ekor/hari, pertambahan bobot badan 14,17-15,30 g/ekor/hari dan konversi pakan 4,60-4,39. Penggunaan tepung tongkol jagung fermentasi dalam pakan dengan level 2-6% tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan dan konversi pakan sedangkan pertumbuhan bobot badan ayam kampung super bepengaruh nyata.Kata Kunci: Ayam kampung super, Tongkol jagung, Konsumsi pakan, Pertambahan bobot badan, Konversi pakan
Empleo formal e informal y su repercusión en las condiciones de vida de los trabajadores: Estudio de casos
Authors: Fuentes Rodríguez Cristhian Elizabeth , Murillo Cárdenas Carlos Alberto , Montoya Martínez Rosa Edith
Published: December 2022

A más de doscientos años de la promulgación de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, garante del derecho del trabajo, es preciso analizar la manera en cómo ha incidido en la realidad de los trabajadores. El objetivo del artículo consistió en conocer las condiciones laborales de trabajadores jalpenses para analizar la manera en que éstas inciden en su desarrollo personal y familiar. Para identificar diferencias entre las condiciones de trabajadores formales e informales se optó por un estudio de caso. Entrevistas en profundidad facilitaron particularizar cada situación. El derecho positivo laboral ha incidido favorablemente en los trabajadores formales llevándolos a expresar satisfacción con su actividad, al asegurar su bienestar personal y de sus familias. No fue el caso de los trabajadores informales para quienes la jornada de trabajo, salario, aguinaldo y demás prestaciones incumplían lo pactado en la ley; repercutiendo en su satisfacción, expectativas laborales y relaciones familiares. Se concluye que no basta con la normativización positiva de las condiciones ideales en las que debe presentarse un trabajo digno para transformar las condiciones mínimas de desarrollo de los trabajadores.
Flexible and Stretchable Three-Dimensional (3D)
Devices
Authors: Lee Su Eon , Kim Simon , Kim Bong Hoon
Published: December 2022

Developments of ways to fabricate complex three-dimensional (3D) structures
enable the controlling of physical and chemical properties of the electrical
systems. Especially, owing to the rapid developments of the fabrication
processes (e.g., the 3D printing, origami, and mechanical buckling process),
researchers have integrated multifunctional and sophisticated 3D structures with
flexible and stretchable substrates for high electrical, mechanical, and optical
performances. In this review, we highlight the latest research on flexible and
stretchable electric systems integrated with 3D structures such as a
super-sensitive pressure sensor, a high-performance wearable monitoring system,
a multi-functional cell scaffold, a foldable thermoelectric generator, a
wearable energy harvesting system, a hemispherical photodetector array, and a
projection screen with the reversible state changes. In subsequent sections, we
summarize the advanced research results and provide future strategies for
flexible and stretchable 3D electronic devices.
Studies on General Deep Neural Networks to Predict Optical Responses
of Multilayered Thin Films
Authors: Kim Changdae , Lee Inho , Yoon Gwanho
Published: December 2022

Burgeoning demand on the analysis of multilayered optical thin films yields an
advent of the simulation methods to calculate the optical response of
structures. Machine learning ensures expedite calculation once a model has been
trained. Here, we present a basic structure of deep neural network to
demonstrate a validity of machine learning-based approach by showing how well
the trained models approximate the target optical spectral responses. The
numerical simulations with several tunable conditions show the overall
inclination of performance of the models. This study paves the way for using
machine learning-based approaches to predict the spectral responses of optical
thin films.
Colored Photovoltaics via Printing Technology
Authors: Song Hyung-Jun , Lee Hyunho
Published: December 2022

Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) plays an essential role in realizing
net-zero energy buildings. Unlike utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants,
the aesthetic of BIPV is a crucial issue for entering the market. Therefore, the
demand for colored PV increases rapidly to fulfilling the increased energy
consumption in an urban area. In this review, we would like to introduce the
current status of colored PVs and four dominant printing-based approaches for
demonstrating them. First, the Fabry-Perot filter, controlling the device's
thickness, intensifies the PVs' color. Secondly, bandgap engineering of the
light-absorbing layer enables us to generate a color by transmitting a specific
range of incident light. Third, the selective layer, multiple stack of two
dielectric layer, provides color to PVs. Lastly, the printing of luminophore on
the top of PVs makes them colorful by converting high energy photons to visible
ones. The progress of colored PV technology will help PVs enter into BIPV market
by providing an aesthetic view to them.
Advances in Quantum Dot Printing Techniques for Light-Emitting
Diode Applications
Authors: Song Hyeon Hwa , Yang Jiwoong
Published: December 2022

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials for the next-generation
displays, because of their excellent optical properties such as color
tuneability, bright emissions, and extremely high color purity. For the
practical applications of QD-displays, it is important to develop
high-resolution QD printing methods that produce QD pixel arrays. Here, this
review article highlights QD printing techniques for applications to
light-emitting diodes. We provide an overview of the recent advances and
challenges in three representative QD printing techniques: (i) photolithography,
(ii) inkjet printing, and (iii) transfer printing. We also discuss how these
methods have been applied to fabricate QD light-emitting diodes.
Roll-to-Roll Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Gravure
Printing Technology
Authors: Yang Tae-Youl
Published: December 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting attention as a next-generation
thin-film solar cell based on their high efficiency. Technologies to
commercialize PSCs for power generation and special purposes have been being
developed. Since the PSCs are manufactured using a solution process, the
development of a roll-to-roll (R2R) process to mass-produce flexible solar cells
at low cost can be a stepping stone for commercialization. In order to
manufacture high-quality perovskite solar cells through the R2R process, the
perovskite material and charge transport materials must be formed in a
roll-based continuous and scalable method. Gravure printing has the advantage of
being able to directly form patterns on a substrate. The R2R process has
limitations that were not considered in the existing sheet-to-sheet process to
fabricate unit cells in terms of process temperature, process time, and
environmental management. In this paper, we share the current status of R2R
gravure printing process development for perovskite solar cells and discuss
issues to be considered and problems to be solved during R2R process design.
Assaying the concentration of immunoglobulin G in colostrum from females postpartum and serum from neonatal calves of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Agrawal Swati , Kumar Tarun , Chaudhary Rajni , Lionel Anitta Pulikan , Kumar Subodh
Published: December 2022

Neonatal ruminants are born without any humoral immunity due to lack of placental transfer of immunoglobulins during gestation. This predisposes the newborn buffalo calves to a high incidence of morbidity and mortality on exposure to infectious agents. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the females after calving and is a rich source of immunoglobulins, especially immunoglobulin G (IgG). The immunocompetence of the neonates can be boosted by feeding them sufficient amount of good quality colostrum within a few hours after birth. Optimal colostrum management at a farm not only reduces the occurrence of diseases among the younger stock but also enhances their growth performance and productivity once they are adults. In the present study, eighty animals at a Murrah buffalo farm were screened for the concentration of IgG in the colostrum collected from recently parturated females and in the serum collected from their calves within 6 to 12 h of colostrum consumption to determine the status of transfer of passive immunity. Indirect ELISA was used to estimate the IgG levels. The overall mean (range) of colostral and serum IgG concentration was found to be 50.44±3.36 (12.71 to 227.78) and 10.85±0.62 (0.25 to 19.88) mg/ml, respectively for all the 80 animals. Routine screening of buffaloes, in a similar way, will help to reduce calf deaths due to immunodeficiency.
La capacitación en investigación: herramienta clave para la formación de los docentes
Authors: Calmettes Xavier , Reynoso Dionicia
Published: December 2022

República Dominicana ha tratado de fortalecer su sistema educativo y estar acorde a los estándares internacionales en materia de educación. Este esfuerzo se ha reflejado en el aumento del presupuesto dedicado a la educación, a la voluntad de mejorar la formación de los futuros docentes y a la aparición de nuevas tecnologías en las universidades. Sin embargo, el país obtuvo los peores resultados en el nivel primario y secundario en las pruebas PISA desde el año 2015. La situación de la enseñanza superior es preocupante con una proporción de profesores con doctorado muy baja en comparación con los estándares de América latina. Ante esta realidad se contrataron profesores internacionales en los distintos recintos del ISFODOSU para la docencia y llevar a cabo el diplomado de investigación. Su objetivo es estimular la producción científica en los docentes del recinto Emilio Prud’Homme, fomentar en éstos habilidades y competencias para diseñar y desarrollar propuestas de investigación bajo los estándares y lineamientos internacionales.
Los resultados de la capacitación fueron buenos. Los participantes cumplieron todas sus asignaciones, crearon 9 grupos de investigación y 12 proyectos, acción que tuvo un efecto más que significativo en los estándares de investigación del recinto. Dentro de las conclusiones es evidente que la capacitación en investigación fomenta en los docentes habilidades y competencias para diseñar y desarrollar propuestas de investigación que aporten soluciones a los retos educativos de la educación dominicana, bajo los estándares y lineamientos internacionales.
AS(OS) APANHADORAS(ES) DE FLORES SEMPRE-VIVAS:
Authors: Monteiro Fernanda Testa
Published: December 2022

As comunidades apanhadoras de flores sempre-vivas localizam-se na porção meridional da Serra do Espinhaço em Minas Gerais. Sua lógica de reprodução social conjuga cultivo, criação e coleta de forma complementar, sendo as chamadas flores sempre-vivas um componente fundamental. Elas mobilizam diferentes dimensões de identidade territorial e lutam pela manutenção de suas terras ancestrais e modo de vida, lidando de com desafios de diversas ordens. Referem-se a uma das categorias já reconhecidas como povos e comunidades tradicionais no âmbito dos marcos legais recentes nas diferentes esferas governamentais no país e no estado de Minas Gerais.
The Effect of Promotion Servicescape, Destination Image Visiting The Thousand Island of DKI Jakarta
Authors: Trihandayani Estiningsih , Limakrisna Nandan , Muharram Hari
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Tourism is one of the government's priority efforts to improve the Indonesian economy. that tourism or what is often referred to as a tourist place is a geographical area that is in one or more administrative areas where the tourist place is located. Public space, tourism services, accessibility and a sense of togetherness are interconnected and complement the realization of tourism. If the offer of the destination is attractive, it will definitely encourage visitors to visit the tourist attraction. Because tourism potential is a factor that causes visitors to visit a tourist spot. If the visitors feel satisfaction (satisfaction) with the tourist attractions, they will definitely return to the tourist attractions (revisit intention) and will then provide recommendations (intention to recommend) to others. Method: This study uses SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) using SPSS software version 22 and LISREL SEM software. The research was conducted in the Thousand Islands , DKI Jakarta. From the research conducted, the independent variable has a significant effect on the dependent variable. Result: Based on the results of the study, the Destination Image variable has a significant influence to Revisit Intention through Perceived Value. This shows that, the more the image produced, the better the satisfaction and stimulation obtained visitor's intention to return. Conclusion: all hypotheses in the study can be accepted.
Merton Reloaded? Book Review of Charles Crothers, Reintroducing Robert K. Merton
Authors: Audinet Tangi
Published: December 2022

Crothers, Charles (2021) Reintroducing Robert K. Merton, London; New York: Routledge184 pp.ISBN: 9780367409678Price: £34.99
Efeito do extrato de romã (Punica granatum) sobre bactérias cariogênicas: estudo in vitro e in vivo
Authors: Argenta João Antônio , Pasqual Moacir , Pereira Cássio Vicente , Dias Disney Ribeiro , Barbosa Ricardo Augusto , Pereira Luciano José
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito inibitório de extratos de plantas sobre cepas de Streptococcus mutans in vitro e avaliar in vivo o potencial inibitório de dentifrício incorporado com o extrato de maior potencial sobre estreptococos do grupo mutans e sobre o índice de biofilme. Materiais e Métodos: Em meio de cultura inoculado com S. mutans (ATCC25175), depositaram-se extratos etanólicos de 32 plantas. Posteriormente, avaliaram-se os halos de inibição. As capacidades inibitórias foram: Ocimum gratissimum (flor) com 08 mm; Moringa oleífera (folha) 10 mm; Copaífera langsdorffi (folha) 16 mm e Punica granatum (pericarpo desidratado) com 18 mm. Uma vez que este último extrato apresentou o maior halo de inibição, foi utilizado na fase seguinte. O extrato de romã (Punica granatum) foi incorporado em dentifrício, nas concentrações de 1% e 3% após determinação da concentração inibitória mínima. Estes foram testados em 30 voluntários divididos em 3 grupos (um para cada extrato e um grupo controle). Os voluntários fizeram uso dos dentifrícios durante 08 dias. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada através da determinação do índice de biofilme e contagem de estreptococos do grupo mutans (UFC/ml). Resultados: Houve redução (p < 0,05) no índice de biofilme para o extrato a 3%, porém não houve diferença na contagem de microrganismos (p > 0,05). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a Punica granatum L. foi o extrato que apresentou maior atividade inibitória in vitro contra S. mutans. A formulação do dentifrício mostrou eficiência após oito dias de uso diminuindo significativamente o índice de biofilme, porém, não apresentou redução do número de estreptococos do grupo mutans.
Benefícios da proposta da Organização Mundial da Saúde para avaliação da necessidade de tratamento dentário entre idosos
Authors: Martins Andréa Maria Eleutério de Barros Lima , Haikal Desirée Sant´Ana , Neto Pedro Eleutério dos Santos , Oliveira Michelle Pimenta , Eleutério Núbia Barbosa , Ferreira Raquel Conceição
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Identificar as necessidades de tratamento dentário entre idosos brasileiros dentados e os benefícios do método de avaliação direta, proposto pela OMS, a partir da comparação entre os métodos de avaliação direta e indireta, por dente e por indivíduo. Materiais e Métodos: Utilizaram-se dados dos 5.349 idosos examinados no SB Brasil 2002/2003. As avaliações direta e indireta da necessidade de tratamento dentário (NTD) foram estimadas a partir da prevalência de indivíduos com NTD, considerando os idososdentados como denominador. Calculou-se também o número médio de dentes com necessidade de tratamento. A avaliação direta da NTD foi conduzida em todos os dentes presentes. A avaliação indireta da NTD foiestimada a partir da experiência de cárie das coroas, identificando-se o índice CPO-D e seus componentes. As coroas restauradas com cárie e as cariadas foram consideradas com necessidade. Na comparação entreos métodos direto e indireto, utilizaram-se os testes qui-quadrado e Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). Resultados: Entre os idosos, 2418 (45,2%) eram dentados e a maioria apresentou NTD, independentemente do métodode avaliação. Constatou-se maior prevalência de necessidades pelo método direto (69,1%/64,6%) (p<0,001), sendo principalmente de restaurações (49,65%) e extrações (45,39%). A média de dentes com necessidadesdiferiu entre os métodos, sendo menor no indireto (2,72±3,83) (p<0,001). Conclusão: Há alta prevalência de necessidade restauradora e de extrações entre os idosos brasileiros. Os benefícios na forma de avaliaçãoproposta pela OMS foram evidentes pela estimativa mais fidedigna de maior número de indivíduos/dentes com necessidade de tratamento dentário, além da definição do tipo de tratamento necessário.Descritores: Inquéritos epidemiológicos. Saúde bucal. Planejamento em saúde. Assistência odontológica para idosos.
Saúde bucal de pacientes internados em hospital de emergência
Authors: Gondim Cecília Gadelha , Moura Walda Viana Brígido de , Lucena Regina Gláucia Ribeiro de , Silva Bruno Rocha da , Vasconcelos Helvia Menezes , Aguiar Andréa Silvia Walter de
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as condições de saúde bucal, acesso a serviços odontológicos e autopercepção em saúde bucal, bem como relacionar a necessidade de tratamento odontológico em pacientes internados em um hospital de emergência, em Fortaleza - Ceará, no ano de 2011. Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória do tipo transversal em que foram examinados 301 pacientes internados em duas enfermarias de um hospital de referência terciária em trauma, de abrangência regional e estadual. As variáveis exploratórias foram avaliação socioeconômica, acesso e autopercepção em saúde bucal e Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Odontológico (INTO). A coleta de dados foi realizada por um único examinador, os dados foram processados no SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), versão 17.0. A comparação entre as variáveis foi feita através do teste t de Student, com nível de significância de 5,0%. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 39,38 anos, com ensino fundamental completo, com período mínimo de internamento de 2 dias e máximo de 4,83 meses (DP ±1,31). Ao serem indagados sobre busca de atendimento odontológico, o serviço público foi o principal meio de acesso e o principal motivo  relatado da procura do serviço foi a presença de cavidades de cárie. Grande parte dos pacientes foi classificada, segundo modificação do INTO, nos perfis 3 e 4 (76,4%), ou seja, apresentava cálculo dentário, cavidade pequena de cárie e indicação de exodontia. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis“percepção de necessidade de tratamento odontológico” e “classificação da saúde bucal” (p<0,001), bem como entre “perfil” e “autopercepção de saúde bucal” (p<0,001). Conclusão: A partir de tal análise, conclui-se queas condições de saúde bucal desses pacientes são preocupantes, com a necessidade inconteste de cuidados de saúde bucal para a população institucionalizada.Descritores: Saúde bucal. Equipe hospitalar de odontologia. Serviço hospitalar de emergência. Higiene bucal. Educação em saúde. Assistência odontológica.
A realidade como instrumento pedagógico: problemas bucais e uso de serviços odontológicos
Authors: Junqueira Simone Rennó , Araújo Maria Ercília , Fonsêca Graciela Soares , Zilbovícius Celso
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Para contribuir com a discussão sobre a percepção dos problemas odontológicos e uso dos serviços específicos e, simultaneamente, favorecer a reflexão relacionada às mudanças na formação em saúde bucal, o trabalho buscou revelar e analisar os problemas de saúde bucal e uso dos serviços odontológicos a partir do formulário sobre morbidade de saúde referida, aplicado junto aos moradores do entorno de duas Unidades de Saúde (US), desenvolvido pelos grupos de Educação Tutorial do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde). Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado como estratégia pedagógica para estudantes de cursos da área da saúde participantes do PET-Saúde da Universidade de São Paulo. A amostra foi composta por 1.318 indivíduos residentes nos domicílios de áreas mais vulneráveis ou novas áreas cadastradas pelas US. A análise foi realizada com base na estatística descritiva e analítica, pelo programa EpiInfo versão 6.0. Fatores relacionados ao acesso ao cirurgião-dentista (CD) foram verificados pelo teste Quiquadrado, com resultados expressos como razão de prevalência (nível de significância de 5%). Resultados: Os problemas mais referidos foram: cárie (17,2%), ausência de dentes (8,6%). Embora 81,3% da população relatou ter procurado serviços odontológicos, apenas 8% acessou os serviços públicos para a resolução dos problemas referidos, recorrendo ao serviço privado (16,3%). O acesso ao CD esteve significativamente associado ao gênero feminino (p = 0,0315) e posse de automóvel (p = 0,0001). Conclusão: Dentre os problemas de saúde bucal identificados pelos moradores das áreas de abrangência específicas desse estudo, os mais citados foram a cárie e a ausência de elementos dentários. Foi evidenciado ainda o pouco uso dos serviços públicos odontológicos pela população do entorno das US. É necessário que os serviços desenvolvam um trabalho coerente com as demandas populacionais da área adstrita, ampliando o acesso dessa população aos serviços públicos odontológicos em função das morbidades referidas, contribuindo para a organização do trabalho.Descritores: Desenvolvimento de pessoal. Serviços de saúde bucal. Inquéritos de saúde bucal. Inquéritos de morbidade. Estratégia saúde da família.
Uso e necessidade de prótese dentária em adultos e idosos: prevalência e fatores associados
Authors: Oliveira Patricia Alves Drummond de , Barreto Débora Magalhães , Vargas-Ferreira Fabiana , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Pinto Rafaela da Silveira , Leal Daniele Lopes
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Analisar fatores associados ao uso e à necessidade de prótese dentária em adultos e idosos do estado de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo transversal foi realizado com amostra de 2.404 adultos e idosos.  Regressão logística foi realizada e as estimativas de odds ratio e respectivos intervalos de confiança. Resultados: Dos 2.404 indivíduos avaliados, 59,9% tinham necessidade de prótese e 41,9% usavam prótese. Idosos tiveram 10,22 vezes mais chances de usar prótese comparados aos adultos. Indivíduos de menor escolaridade (<2 anos de estudo) apresentaram 2,18 vezes mais chances de usar prótese do que indivíduos de maior escolaridade (>11 anos de estudo). Indivíduos que usaram o serviço público na última consulta odontológica tiveram menos chance de usar prótese do que indivíduos que usaram o serviço não público. Conclusão: A necessidade e o uso de prótese dentária foram associados a fatores sociodemográficos.
Traumatismo dentário na dentição decídua e condição socioeconômica
Authors: Remigio Gomes Paula , Madeira Bittencourt Jéssica , Pereira Martins Leticia , Martins Paiva Saul , Baccin Bendo Cristiane
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre a condição socioeconômica e o traumatismo dentário em crianças na dentição decídua.

Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed, seguindo uma estratégia de combinação de palavras-chave. Não houve restrição em relação ao ano de publicação, tipo de estudo e o local em que foi realizado. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada em duas etapas: através do processo de leitura dos títulos e resumos, e em seguida, por meio da obtenção e leitura dos artigos completos selecionados.

Resultados: De um total de 94 artigos encontrados, 16 foram selecionados para a revisão de literatura. Desses, 13 preencheram todos os critérios metodológicos analisados. A maioria dos estudos foram realizados no Brasil. A idade das crianças não ultrapassou os seis anos. Associações estatisticamente significantes entre a prevalência do traumatismo dentário na dentição decídua e condição socioeconômica foram encontradas em quatro artigos.

Conclusão: A maioria dos estudos não encontrou associação entre o traumatismo dentário na dentição decídua com a condição socioeconômica.

Descritores: Traumatismos dentários. Classe social. Fatores socioeconômicos. Pré-escolar.
Avaliação do conhecimento de cirurgiões-dentistas da atenção básica sobre estomatologia
Authors: Silva Sobrinho Adriano Referino da , Carvalho Israel Luís Diniz , Ramos Letícia Francine Silva , Maciel Ytalo Lourenço , Carvalho Marianne de Vasconcellos , Ferreira Stefânia Jeronimo
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento em Estomatologia dos cirurgiões-dentistas (CD) que atuam na Atenção Básica de um município de Pernambuco, Brasil.
Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional, indutivo, estatístico e de abordagem quantitativa. A população do estudo envolve os CD atuantes nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores, contendo 27 perguntas sobre as lesões orais mais comuns, diagnóstico clínico e condutas frente a diagnósticos clínicos específicos. O nível de conhecimento foi mensurado a partir da média de acertos dos profissionais. Os dados coletados foram processados por meio do uso do programa estatístico IBM SPSS 20.0®.
Resultados: A amostra obtida foi de treze CD. A média dos acertos nos conhecimentos específicos em Estomatologia foi de 17 (± 3,109). Quanto à classificação do desempenho geral, a maioria dos profissionais (69,2%) teve um desempenho regular. Quanto aos conhecimentos específicos sobre diagnóstico clínico, estes foram classificados como alto para a maioria (53,8%). Em relação aos conhecimentos específicos sobre as condutas adequadas frente às lesões, a classificação do desempenho foi baixa para a maioria dos participantes (84,6%).
Conclusão: De modo geral, os CD obtiveram um desempenho regular de conhecimento em Estomatologia. Recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas devido à escassez de discussões sobre o tema na literatura.
Vital Media
Authors: Nitsche Michael
Published: December 2022

A proposal for a new media design to balance the contributions of humans and materials in the world they share.

How can media design support a balance between our needs for self-expression and the material needs of the world we are part of? What criteria define a sustainable media ecology? In Vital Media, Michael Nitsche argues that the current human-centric view is not sustainable and that media are best viewed as dynamic networks where cognitive and noncognitive participants co-create. What we need, according to Nitsche, is a media design that balances the needs of all partners involved: vital media.

Tracing this ideal through two domains of expression and making, performance and craft, Nitsche calls on us to embrace material coexistence and to design for self-expression as well as material evolution. We must recognize that the living body and its dependencies on the world around it are at the heart of what media are about. Vital media exist to not only help individuals fulfill their potential through expression but to also realize the agencies of materials in the equally active surrounding world. Throughout the book, Nitsche interweaves theory with close readings of actual artifacts that encompass predigital, nondigital, and hybrid examples. Nitsche's approach counters the current tendency to pit the virtual media world against the reality in which we live.
A unified framework for measuring selection on cellular lineages and traits
Authors: Yamauchi Shunpei , Nozoe Takashi , Okura Reiko , Kussell Edo , Wakamoto Yuichi
Published: December 2022

Intracellular states probed by gene expression profiles and metabolic activities are intrinsically noisy, causing phenotypic variations among cellular lineages. Understanding the adaptive and evolutionary roles of such variations requires clarifying their linkage to population growth rates. Extending a cell lineage statistics framework, here we show that a population’s growth rate can be expanded by the cumulants of a fitness landscape that characterize how fitness distributes in a population. The expansion enables quantifying the contribution of each cumulant, such as variance and skewness, to population growth. We introduce a function that contains all the essential information of cell lineage statistics, including mean lineage fitness and selection strength. We reveal a relation between fitness heterogeneity and population growth rate response to perturbation. We apply the framework to experimental cell lineage data from bacteria to mammalian cells, revealing distinct levels of growth rate gain from fitness heterogeneity across environments and organisms. Furthermore, third or higher order cumulants’ contributions are negligible under constant growth conditions but could be significant in regrowing processes from growth-arrested conditions. We identify cellular populations in which selection leads to an increase of fitness variance among lineages in retrospective statistics compared to chronological statistics. The framework assumes no particular growth models or environmental conditions, and is thus applicable to various biological phenomena for which phenotypic heterogeneity and cellular proliferation are important.
Weakly migratory metastatic breast cancer cells activate fibroblasts via microvesicle-Tg2 to facilitate dissemination and metastasis
Authors: Schwager Samantha C , Young Katherine M , Hapach Lauren A , Carlson Caroline M , Mosier Jenna A , McArdle Tanner J , Wang Wenjun , Schunk Curtis , Jayathilake Anissa L , Bates Madison E , Bordeleau Francois , Antonyak Marc A , Cerione Richard A , Reinhart-King Cynthia A
Published: December 2022

Cancer cell migration is highly heterogeneous, and the migratory capability of cancer cells is thought to be an indicator of metastatic potential. It is becoming clear that a cancer cell does not have to be inherently migratory to metastasize, with weakly migratory cancer cells often found to be highly metastatic. However, the mechanism through which weakly migratory cells escape from the primary tumor remains unclear. Here, utilizing phenotypically sorted highly and weakly migratory human breast cancer cells, we demonstrate that weakly migratory metastatic cells disseminate from the primary tumor via communication with stromal cells. While highly migratory cells are capable of single cell migration, weakly migratory cells rely on cell-cell signaling with fibroblasts to escape the primary tumor. Weakly migratory cells release microvesicles rich in tissue transglutaminase 2 (Tg2) which activate murine fibroblasts and lead weakly migratory cancer cell migration in vitro. These microvesicles also induce tumor stiffening and fibroblast activation in vivo and enhance the metastasis of weakly migratory cells. Our results identify microvesicles and Tg2 as potential therapeutic targets for metastasis and reveal a novel aspect of the metastatic cascade in which weakly migratory cells release microvesicles which activate fibroblasts to enhance cancer cell dissemination.
How enzymatic activity is involved in chromatin organization
Authors: Das Rakesh , Sakaue Takahiro , Shivashankar GV , Prost Jacques , Hiraiwa Tetsuya
Published: December 2022

Spatial organization of chromatin plays a critical role in genome regulation. Previously, various types of affinity mediators and enzymes have been attributed to regulate spatial organization of chromatin from a thermodynamics perspective. However, at the mechanistic level, enzymes act in their unique ways and perturb the chromatin. Here, we construct a polymer physics model following the mechanistic scheme of Topoisomerase-II, an enzyme resolving topological constraints of chromatin, and investigate how it affects interphase chromatin organization. Our computer simulations demonstrate Topoisomerase-II’s ability to phase separate chromatin into eu- and heterochromatic regions with a characteristic wall-like organization of the euchromatic regions. We realized that the ability of the euchromatic regions to cross each other due to enzymatic activity of Topoisomerase-II induces this phase separation. This realization is based on the physical fact that partial absence of self-avoiding interaction can induce phase separation of a system into its self-avoiding and non-self-avoiding parts, which we reveal using a mean-field argument. Furthermore, motivated from recent experimental observations, we extend our model to a bidisperse setting and show that the characteristic features of the enzymatic activity-driven phase separation survive there. The existence of these robust characteristic features, even under the non-localized action of the enzyme, highlights the critical role of enzymatic activity in chromatin organization.
N-mixture model-based estimate of relative abundance of sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) in response to biotic and abiotic factors in a human-dominated landscape of central India
Authors: Chaudhuri Sankarshan , Rajaraman Rajasekar , Kalyanasundaram Sankar , Sathyakumar Sambandam , Krishnamurthy Ramesh
Published: December 2022

Reliable estimation of abundance is a prerequisite for a species’ conservation planning in human-dominated landscapes, especially if the species is elusive and involved in conflicts. As a means of population estimation, the importance of camera traps has been recognized globally, although estimating the abundance of unmarked, cryptic species has always been a challenge to conservation biologists. This study explores the use of the N-mixture model with three probability distributions, i.e., Poisson, negative binomial (NB) and zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP), to estimate the relative abundance of sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) based on a camera trapping exercise in Sanjay Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh from December 2016 to April 2017. We used environmental and anthropogenic covariates to model the variation in the abundance of sloth bears. We also compared null model estimates (mean site abundance) obtained from the N-mixture model to those of the Royle-Nichols abundance-induced heterogeneity model (RN model) to assess the application of similar site-structured models. Models with Poisson distributions produced ecologically realistic and more precise estimates of mean site abundance (λ = 2.60 ± 0.64) compared with other distributions, despite the relatively high Akaike Information Criterion value. Area of mixed and sal forest, the photographic capture rate of humans and distance to the nearest village predicted a higher relative abundance of sloth bears. Mean site abundance estimates of sloth bears obtained from the N-mixture model (Poisson distribution) and the RN model were comparable, indicating the overall utility of these models in this field. However, density estimates of sloth bears based on spatially explicit methods are essential for evaluating the efficacy of the relatively more cost-effective N-mixture model. Compared to commonly used index/encounter-based methods, the N-mixture model equipped with knowledge on governing biotic and abiotic factors provides better relative abundance estimates for a species like the sloth bear. In the absence of absolute abundance estimates, the present study could be insightful for the long-term conservation and management of sloth bears.
Prediction of individual mortality risk among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a convenient, online, individualized, predictive mortality risk tool based on a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lu Shubiao , Zhou Yuwen , Huang Xuejuan , Lin Jinsong , Wu Yingyu , Zhang Zhiqiao
Published: December 2022

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious condition with a poor prognosis. No clinical study has reported an individual-level mortality risk curve for patients with COPD. As such, the present study aimed to construct a prognostic model for predicting individual mortality risk among patients with COPD, and to provide an online predictive tool to more easily predict individual mortality risk in this patient population.

Patients and methods

The current study retrospectively included data from 1,255 patients with COPD. Random survival forest plots and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to screen for independent risk factors in patients with COPD. A prognostic model for predicting mortality risk was constructed using eight risk factors.

Results

Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified eight independent risk factors among COPD patients: B-type natriuretic peptide (hazard ratio [HR] 1.248 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.155–1.348]); albumin (HR 0.952 [95% CI 0.931–0.974); age (HR 1.033 [95% CI 1.022–1.044]); globulin (HR 1.057 [95% CI 1.038–1.077]); smoking years (HR 1.011 [95% CI 1.006–1.015]); partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (HR 1.012 [95% CI 1.007–1.017]); granulocyte ratio (HR 1.018 [95% CI 1.010–1.026]); and blood urea nitrogen (HR 1.041 [95% CI 1.017–1.066]). A prognostic model for predicting risk for death was constructed using these eight risk factors. The areas under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves for 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.784, 0.801, and 0.806 in the model cohort, respectively. Furthermore, an online predictive tool, the “Survival Curve Prediction System for COPD patients”, was developed, providing an individual mortality risk predictive curve, and predicted mortality rate and 95% CI at a specific time.

Conclusion

The current study constructed a prognostic model for predicting an individual mortality risk curve for COPD patients after discharge and provides a convenient online predictive tool for this patient population. This predictive tool may provide valuable prognostic information for clinical treatment decision making during hospitalization and health management after discharge (https://zhangzhiqiao15.shinyapps.io/Smart_survival_predictive_system_for_COPD/).