bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HOPE hospital provides clinical care for the women affected with fistula in Coxs Bazar, Bangladesh.
Authors: Mahmood Iftikher
Published: June 2019

Aims: To highlight the fistula care and the psychosocial impact of fistula victims in the refugee population in the midst of a massive humanitarian crisis.
Scenario: Since August 2017 massive influx of over 800,000 Rohingya people took place in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh TheRohingya women have a very high risk to develop obstetric fistula. Rohingya State is one the poorest states in Myanmar, with ghetto-like camps and a lack of basic services and opportunities. In 1982, a new citizenship law was passed, effectively rendering the Rohingya stateless. As a result of the law, their rights to access health services have been restricted. Now many Rohingya are living in Coxs Bazar in tent-bases refugee camps under extremely poor conditions without access to proper medical care, hygiene, sanitation, food or education.The lack of proper maternal health care, together with; early marriage, malnutrition, poverty and the physical characteristics of the women in this community (small body shapes), exposures this women into a very dangerous position with high chances of developing obstetric fistula during childbirth.Many of the Rohingya women are found to have obstetric fistula. HOPE hospital is recommended as the referral center and only provider of fistula care. Since August, many fistula repair have been carried out on Rohingya women at HOPE Hospital
How the use of business intelligence tools in the fistula sector can improve surgical performance
Authors: Cochran Seth
Published: June 2019

Aims: The aim of Operation Fistula’s ongoing work is to incentivize our partnering clinical teams by providing performance-based funding. We do this using a coordinated chain of business intelligence tools, and by sharing detailed customized visual dashboards so they can track both patient outcomes and surgical performance. We have repurposed a number of leading business intelligence tools to create a patient tracking and performance management system. This platform combines several technologies to collect, store, and analyze data, which we communicate with our partners.
Methods: In order for data to be collected into our system, our partner surgeons and nurses input patient data directly into customized, standardized, electronic forms on a tablet or phone. Results are uploaded in real time, and feed into the data visualization software. Our London-based team is then able to create data visualization dashboards, based on the collected data, which are shared with stakeholders in our partnering countries.
Results: We are tracking surgical outcomes using our mobile data collection and visualization programmes. We are also measuring the impact of the digital performance-based funding model, currently being used in the SAVA region in Madagascar. Our partnering clinical teams have responded positively to the introduction of our system, which we have found to ensure quality standards of care.
Conclusions: The initial phase of this work has yielded positive results. We have seen increased engagement and motivation from our partnering clinical staff, which exemplifies how both a performance-based funding system, and access to digestible data, can improve surgical performance.
Fistula care in the digital era: A discussion on the digitization of fistula care in five UNFPA countries
Authors: Michaelson Bryony
Published: June 2019

Aims: The objective of this project was to partner with five different UNFPA countries in order to collect archived data on the occurrence of obstetric fistula, and to visualize our initial findings on the various contributors to the condition, using data visualization dashboards and mapping tools. One year into its partnership with UNFPA, Operation Fistula takes this opportunity to share the initial findings from the digitization of obstetric fistula data from its five partner countries. Operation Fistula focuses on using technology to facilitate coordination between key stakeholders in the obstetric fistula sector.
Methods: The first phase of the project involved data collection via the digitizing of nine unique patient record sheets onto a mobile data collection platform (CommCare) from our five partner countries: Bangladesh, Cameroon, Madagascar, Malawi and Nepal. We have visualized the data we have received thus far in an effort to gain clarity on sociodemographic data, location, surgical and patient outcomes in these five countries. Once their data has been visualized, our partners are able to access and analyze their data with the provision of a Tableau license.
Results: We have collected 1,046 patient records across our five partner countries. An initial analysis of these countries has begun to show key trends within the fistula sector, in sociodemographic background, geographic location, and obstetric history.
Conclusions: While there have been limitations to our data collection, the preliminary outcomes of the data visualizations, produced have been insightful, and have provided us with a strong basis for further study.
An Investigation of Occupational Therapists’ and Physical Therapists’ Perspectives on the Process of Change That Occurs among Clients during Rehabilitation, Including Their Use of Response Shift and Transformative Learning
Authors: King Judy , Barclay Ruth , Ripat Jacquie , Dubouloz Claire-Jehanne , Schwartz Carolyn E.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: A significant change in one’s health status creates a process of change that has an impact on one’s health-related quality of life. This process has been conceptualized in several theories, including response shift (RS) and transformative learning (TL). The purpose of this study was to investigate occupational therapists’ and physical therapists’ perspectives on the process of change that occurs in clients during rehabilitation. Method: An interpretive description approach guided this study. Five profession-specific focus groups were conducted. Participants were asked about their ideas, thoughts, and understanding of processes of change. Focus group discussions were recorded and transcribed. Data analysis was carried out using both inductive and deductive methods. Results: Participants were 14 physiotherapists and nine occupational therapists with 5–30 years of experience in rehabilitation settings. Participants recognized personal change in clients and noted that it involves many steps. They tried to facilitate this change by identifying signs of readiness. Without using theory-specific terminology, participants described observing and using concepts of RS and TL. Conclusions: Occupational therapists and physiotherapists play an important role in helping people learn to live with their chronic illnesses and disabilities. Further studies are needed to investigate how therapists can facilitate the process of change, including using RS and TL concepts and how this facilitation could improve clients’ health-related quality of life.
Understanding Physiotherapists’ Intention to Counsel Clients with Chronic Pain on Exercise: A Focus on Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Blouin Jocelyn E. , Cary Miranda A. , Marchant Mackenzie G. , Gyurcsik Nancy C. , Brittain Danielle R. , Zapski Jenelle
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Twenty percent of Canadians experience chronic pain. Exercise is an effective management strategy, yet participation levels are low. Physiotherapists can be key to counselling clients to engage in long-term unsupervised exercise. Yet, investigations that identify psychosocial factors related to physiotherapists’ intention to counsel are lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine whether physiotherapists’ knowledge of chronic pain, beliefs about pain, and self-efficacy to counsel on exercise predicted their intention to counsel clients with chronic pain on exercise. Method: Practicing physiotherapists ( N = 64) completed an online survey that assessed their knowledge of chronic pain, beliefs about pain, self-efficacy, and intention to counsel. A two-step hierarchical multiple regression predicted intention. Step 1 controlled for years of practice, and Step 2 included study variables significantly correlated with intention. Results: Beliefs about pain ( r = –0.35, p < 0.01) and self-efficacy ( r = 0.69, p < 0.01) were significantly correlated with intention. The overall regression model was significant, F3,60 = 18.73; p < 0.001. Self-efficacy was the sole significant predictor, t60 = 5.71, p < 0.0001, sr 2 = 28%. Conclusions: Self-efficacy may facilitate physiotherapists’ intention to counsel on exercise for chronic pain. If shown to be a causal factor, interventions that target a change in physiotherapists’ self-efficacy should be pursued.
INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIALIZATION
Authors: Lesik I. M.
Published: June 2019

The article examines the essence, preconditions of formation and development of innovative infrastructure on the course to sustainable industrialization. The author considers the modern tendencies of technological infrastructure development of Ukraine. Such tendencies while globalization demand radical transformations for overcoming of economic backwardness that step up the country on the new level of industrialization. We comparatively evaluated development tendencies of innovative infrastructure using «Global Competitiveness Index», «Global Innovation Index» and several other indicators, demonstrated the resource potential of the country and explained its position in the world ranking. We outlined the shortcomings and risks associated with urbanization, environmental pollution, limited resources, etc. The article shows the causal link between political, institutional, socio-economic, environmental and other factors on the road to sustainable industrialization. It has been proved that the main priorities of each country in defining the strategy of infrastructure development and sustainable industrialization should be focused on healthy pragmatism and national interests.
We investigated that the optimization of the taxational load; observance of a certain proportion between sectors of the national economy; decentralization of power; improvement of antimonopoly policy; development of an effective policy request to reduce anthropogenic load; use of alternative energy; training and retraining of staff and many other aspects requires intensified attention. These aspects are the constitute of an integrated approach to the implementation of strategic orientations for competitiveness, innovation and sustainable development.
GLOBALIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
Authors: Tubolec I. I. , Tkalich O. V.
Published: June 2019

The article deals with one of the components of globalization - the globalization of financial markets. The article considers financial markets, which are the component of globalization. The study investigates the international financial institutions that together form the international financial infrastructure and the main subjects of financial globalization. The study investigates the international financial institutions, which collectively form the international financial infrastructure and main subjects of financial globalization. The segments of the global financial market, which include the global debt market, the global stock market, other global financial markets (precious metals, real estate insurance), the global currency market, are considered. The article considers the segments of the global financial market, such as the global debt market, the global stock market, the global currency market and other global financial markets (precious metals, real estate insurance etc.).
The article presents the prospects of global financial markets, such as high world standards, higher level of diversification, higher liquidity and professional risk management.
It is established that the basis of the globalization of the financial system lies in the interaction of such phenomena as: technological progress; growing competition: on the one hand, between lending and financial institutions in the financial markets, and on the other hand, between the financial markets themselves, due to the significant development of information technology and telecommunications; restructuring of credit and financial; wide internationalization of business due to the increasing transnational nature of corporations; consolidation of regional integration associations (in Europe - Economic and Monetary Union); weakening of the firm control over the implementation of international agreements related to the movement of capital stock exchanges; - macroeconomic stabilization and reform in a number of developing and transition countries that have created a favorable climate for foreign investors; widespread use of the "principle of the lever".
We investigated that the integration of international capital markets, merger of financial institutions, the tendency to increase speculative operations in the financial markets and financial crises are the global trends in the development of international financial markets in the requisition of globalization.
It is proved that the, the emergence of the global financial space is represented by an increase in international financial flows, volumes of all types of international transactions, an increase in the number of companies and financial groups that operate outside of the national financial systems.
INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPLY OF THE ORGANIC SECTOR OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ON COOPERATION BASES
Authors: Kryuchko L. S.
Published: June 2019

The article considers the expediency of organic agricultural production with the definition of a number of advantages, such as economic, environmental and social. The conditions for the development of organic agricultural production are given, namely: the presence of large areas of environmentally friendly agricultural land; high fertility of soils; favorable climatic conditions; low level of use of mineral fertilizers, plant protection products; presence of potential consumers market; Export attractiveness of organic products for EU countries; provision of the agrarian sector of the economy by labor resources.
The efficiency of production of organic agro production, which is determined by internal (organizational, techno-technological, economic, marketing) and external (economic, institutional, legal, natural-ecological, social) factors, is investigated.
The reasons that hinder the efficiency of production of organic products in Ukraine, which can be attributed to: imperfect institutional support and lack of state financial support; Innovative passivity of most manufacturers and management structures; lack of awareness of producers regarding the specifics of organic production and the public regarding the benefits of organic products; the predominance of exports of organic raw materials; processing, production, wholesale and retail trade in organic products of consumption are still underdeveloped; deficit of grain and other agricultural crops of organic origin; insufficient number of cattle as the main producer of organic fertilizers; high cost of borrowed funds; high ethnogeny load on the area of ​​Central and Eastern Ukraine.
The evolution of the organic agricultural market will lead to the development of the relevant infrastructure. Agriculture of Ukraine has all the conditions for the development of organic agricultural production, since the soil-climatic allow to significantly expand the volume of organic farming. Co-operation of the organic agricultural sector in Ukraine is presented in the form of dairy cooperatives, which are intended for the sale of milk at more attractive prices. The cooperative movement makes it possible to combine efforts to create real competition for powerful agrarian enterprises and, at the same time, to promote the spread of organic agricultural production.
ECONOMIC SUPPLY OF INNOVATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARBON HEALTH CARE WITH OIL-WEIGHTED SPARE PARTS
Authors: Pilka M. S.
Published: June 2019

T

The possibilities of attraction of investments for efficient removal of hydrocarbon reserves, which belong to hardrecoverable and mechanisms for attracting investments in the further development of oil and gas deposits in Ukraine, are presented.

The main principles of the ranking of hydrocarbon reserves are considered, deposits structure analysis is needed to evaluate the prospects of transferring their parts to cost-effective ones if some economic conditions will change, as well as the appearance of new methods and technologies for attracting these reserves into development. For oil and gas companies information about the qualitative characteristics of profitable reserves and their distribution in the collectors is very important.

The main advantages of using intelligent oil and gas field technologies, which enable real-time realization of fast processing of large volumes of geological information, modeling of various extraction scenarios, and the adoption of rational management decisions for optimizing oil and gas production are described.

Hydrodynamic modeling, as an instrument for the search and growth of hydrocarbon reserves, its quantitative and qualitative assessment and a detailed comprehensive study of productive collectors based on modern achievements in geological and geophysical sciences is one of the main ways of development of hardrecoverable reserves. The application of existing and the creation of new technological solutions for the efficient production of oil and gas with positive economic indicators, is a logical continuation of a complex of works on low-yielding hydrocarbon deposits. The main source of growth of hydrocarbon reserves in deposits with a long history of development are: unidentified reserves outside the productive part of the deposit and missed oil-saturated intervals; oil-saturated intervals in the productive section, which aren’t attracted in the development.

The development of hardrecoverable reserves is associated with considerable complexity, but the engineering approach, using development monitoring, hydrodynamic modeling, attracting international experience and new technologies, will increase profitability and obtain additional extraction of significant volumes of hydrocarbons, which will ensure not only the achievement of maximum investment efficiency, but also full usage of natural resources of hydrocarbons.
Rating assessment of scientific and pedagogical workers: theoretical and methodical aspects within a market approach
Authors: Dzoba O. H.
Published: June 2019

The article investigates the theoretical and methodological principles of scientific and pedagogical workers rating assessment in higher educational institutions (HEI). According to the results of broad literature analysis, rating systems formation peculiarities of scientific and pedagogical university workers were determined. Further development of approaches to specification and detailing of the essence, functions, purposes and tasks of rating assessment, formation of principles, requirements and criteria, justification and rating models selection, harmonization of theoretical concepts with the practice of applying procedures for rating assessment in the HEI is substantiated.
Research novelty is to elaborate on the essence and functions of scientific and pedagogical workers rating assessment system being considered as a multidimensional information system, which in turn is the subsystem of a more general management system. Scientific and pedagogical workers rating assessment system  involves continuous observation, measurement and controlled object conditions evaluation, operational management decisions adoption, ensures the implementation, verification and review of management objectives, promotes educational and scientific standardization processes, provides ongoing regulation and forecasts further development. Rating assessment system is inextricably linked with professional activities monitoring of scientific and pedagogical workers in higher educational institutions and performs similar functions, such as informational, management, systematic, predictive, activating, analytical, qualimetric, corrective, diagnostic and formative ones.
An important element of the scientific novelty studies is the feasibility justification of using a market approach based on  marketing, social and ethical concepts marketing in formulating the goals, objectives and rating systems constructing principles for scientific and pedagogical workers.
It is established that the most relevant principles in scientific and pedagogical workers rating systems formation are the principles of integrity with the general management system, dynamism and adaptability, orientation towards the needs of educational and scientific services consumers.
Prospects for further research are related to the theoretical foundations development and methodology for building marketing complexes of educational and scientific services aimed at maximizing the consumers and society needs, which will be attained through more efficient management of human resource potential based on the use of rating models.
MECHANISMS FOR PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: LOCATION AND ROLE OF SOCIAL SPHERE
Authors: Kutsenko V. I.
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to topical issues of formation of sustainable development in Ukraine. In this regard, the essence of sustainable development is revealed in the context of the place and role of the social sphere as its the leading factor. The structure and main components of sustainable development are revealed. The role in the process of sustainable development of the social sphere is noted, in particular, its components such as education, health care, culture, organized recreation. The analysis of relevant socio-economic indicators was performed. Particular attention is paid to identifying the problems of development of these components of the social sphere in the context of globalization and European integration. We prove that in these conditions serious changes occur with the main productive force, in particular, the growth of the educational and cultural level of workers of modern production. We emphasize the growth of the specific weight of mental activity.          The strategy of managing sustainable development processes is disclosed taking into account the factors influencing these processes. The attention is focused on the fact that the development of the social sphere contributes to the acceleration of the development of productive forces, the convergence of material and cultural conditions of life, predetermines significant changes in the system of social relations, which allows for sustainable development.          Considerable attention is paid to the formation of mechanisms to ensure the growth of the educational and intellectual potential of the country and the promotion of human health - the main productive force of society, as well as mechanisms that ensure the efficient use of resources, which contributes to the sustainable development of both the economy in general and the social sphere in particular.          Thus, it is important not only to ensure the growth of the social sphere, but also its effective use.
Instrumentalising Media Memories
Authors: Ahmed Maaheen
Published: June 2019

Krzysztof Gawronkiewicz and Krystian Rosenberg’s Achtung Zelig! recounts an unabashedly absurd story about the Second World War, involving an encounter between a Nazi commander who was a former clown and a Jewish father and son with monstrous faces. To understand the construction and function of the Polish comic’s narration of the war, this article introduces the concept of media memories. Such memories encompass techniques and works that ‘haunt’ cultural productions. Achtung Zelig! interweaves key media and contexts, layering its story through the media memories of carnivals, comics (e.g. Maus) and films (e.g. The Great Dictator). In instrumentalising media memories, the comic engages in a heavily mediated dialogue with the issue of representing traumatic realities.
How the Management of The Trophic Cascade Determines Innovation?
Authors: Hacker Sibylle , Hacker Sylvia Loloma , Uono Magali T. , Casagranda Carlos Afonso , Stephano Marco A.
Published: June 2019

Large corporations form transnational corporations that, despite working in different countries with specific legal and cultural requirements, have consolidated global management strategies, seeking to operate with maximum efficiency in different economic scenarios. In recent years, there has been a massive proliferation of international companies, most of them located in wealth and industrialized countries, which controll their foreign affiliates. In the current context of globalization, these companies have great influence on the economy, as they interfere with governments and local business relations. Comparing this situation with the multilevel biological trophic pyramid, these companies have a direct and /or indirect impact on other levels, and it equilibrium is directly dependent on the movements taken independently by the different levels. In the competitive marketplace, a large company at the top of the pyramid can change this competitive environment and influence or alter the survival of other trophic levels, due to its economic power and high predatory potential. A more aggressive predator (located at a higher trophic level), despite its low mobility and low innovation capacity, can dominate the environment and extinguish a lower trophic level, with less economic power or less commercial representativeness, which in many cases have excellent innovative capacity. In that case, the whole chain will become unbalanced. The objective of this work is to present a conceptual analysis model to try to scan the corporate chain through the trophic pyramid and its influence on the results, in order to identify improvements and new opportunities for innovation.
Sustainability of Entrepreneurship and Innovation among TVET Graduates in Namibia
Authors: Shikalepo Elock Emvula
Published: June 2019

Sustainable entrepreneurial skills are vital for the promotion of economic and social progress for both developed and developing societies. Hence, Technical, Vocational Education and Training (TVET) trainees needs adequate entrepreneurial exposure to become artisans who can satisfy the current and future market demands. Traditionally, TVET curricula has been preparing trainees to answer the question: where can I get employed after my training? However, contemporary curricula should now seek to prepare trainees who can equally answer the question: how can I become an innovator of business opportunities after my training? The former is proficient with occupational skills, but deficient of entrepreneurial ambitions, and should thus be consolidated with the latter to promote entrepreneurship and innovation. TVET curricula should not only seek to equip trainees with occupational skills and attitudes for seeking employment, but also with entrepreneurial capabilities for turning their occupational skills into feasible, viable and sustainable industrial entities. Therefore, TVET stakeholders should map out an appropriate model for ensuring successful integration of entrepreneurial education at every stage of the vocational education and training, to subsequently graduate committed and skilled artisans who are business-minded. This concept paper explained a model whose implementation could realise sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation among TVET graduates in Namibia.
Long-term clinical and visual outcomes after surgical resection of pediatric pilocytic/pilomyxoid optic pathway gliomas
Authors: Hidalgo Eveline Teresa , Kvint Svetlana , Orillac Cordelia , North Emily , Dastagirzada Yosef , Chang Jamie Chiapei , Addae Gifty , Jennings Tara S. , Snuderl Matija , Wisoff Jeffrey H.
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

The choice of treatment modality for optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) is controversial. Chemotherapy is widely regarded as first-line therapy; however, subtotal resections have been reported for decompression or salvage therapy as first- and second-line treatment. The goal of this study was to further investigate the role and efficacy of resection for OPGs.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review was performed on 83 children who underwent surgical treatment for OPGs between 1986 and 2014. Pathology was reviewed by a neuropathologist. Clinical outcomes, including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and complications, were analyzed.

RESULTS

The 5- and 10-year PFS rates were 55% and 46%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year OS rates were 87% and 78%, respectively. The median extent of resection was 80% (range 30%–98%). Age less than 2 years at surgery and pilomyxoid features of the tumor were found to be associated with significantly lower 5-year OS. No difference was seen in PFS or OS of children treated with surgery as a first-line treatment compared with children with surgery as a second- or third-line treatment. Severe complications included new disabling visual deficit in 5%, focal neurological deficit in 8%, and infection in 2%. New hormone deficiency occurred in 22% of the children.

CONCLUSIONS

Approximately half of all children experience a long-term benefit from resection both as primary treatment and as a second-line therapy after failure of primary treatment. Primary surgery does not appear to have a significant benefit for children younger than 2 years or tumors with pilomyxoid features. Given the risks associated with surgery, an interdisciplinary approach is needed to tailor the treatment plan to the individual characteristics of each child.
Endoscopic endonasal resection versus open surgery for pediatric craniopharyngioma: comparison of outcomes and complications
Authors: Madsen Peter J. , Buch Vivek P. , Douglas Jennifer E. , Parasher Arjun K. , Lerner David K. , Alexander Erin , Workman Alan D. , Palmer James N. , Lang Shih-Shan , Kennedy Benjamin C. , Vossough Arastoo , Adappa Nithin D. , Storm Phillip B.
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

Craniopharyngioma represents up to 10% of pediatric brain tumors. Although these lesions are benign, attempts at gross-total resection (GTR) can lead to serious complications. More conservative approaches have emerged but require adjuvant radiation. Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) aimed at GTR has the potential to result in fewer complications, but there has been limited comparison to open surgery. The authors performed a review of these two approaches within their institution to elucidate potential benefits and complication differences.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing resection of craniopharyngioma at their institution between 2001 and 2017. Volumetric analysis of tumor size and postoperative ischemic injury was performed. Charts were reviewed for a number of outcome measures.

RESULTS

A total of 43 patients with an average age of 8.2 years were identified. Open surgery was the initial intervention in 15 and EES in 28. EES was performed in patients 3–17 years of age. EES has been the only approach used since 2011. In the entire cohort, GTR was more common in the EES group (85.7% vs 53.3%, p = 0.03). Recurrence rate (40% vs 14.2%, p = 0.13) and need for adjuvant radiation (20.0% vs 10.7%, p = 0.71) were higher in the open surgical group, although not statistically significant. Pseudoaneurysm development was only observed in the open surgical group. Volumetric imaging analysis showed a trend toward larger preoperative tumor volumes in the open surgical group, so a matched cohort analysis was performed with the largest tumors from the EES group. This revealed no difference in residual tumor volume (p = 0.28), but the volume of postoperative ischemia was still significantly larger in the open group (p = 0.004). Postoperative weight gain was more common in the open surgical group, a statistically significant finding in the complete patient group that trended toward significance in the matched cohort groups. Body mass index at follow-up correlated with volume of ischemic injury in regression analysis of the complete patient cohort (p = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

EES was associated with similar, if not better, extent of resection and significantly less ischemic injury than open surgery. Pseudoaneurysms were only seen in the open surgical group. Weight gain was also less prevalent in the EES cohort and appears be correlated with extent of ischemic injury at time of surgery.
GIDA ETİKETLERİNDEKİ E-KODLU KATKI MADDELERİNİN HELAL GIDA KAPSAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÖZGEN İşıl , HAZARHUN Eda
Published: June 2019

Sağlık açısından bilinçli tüketiciler gıda
katkı maddelerine şüphe ile yaklaşmaktadır. Aynı durum dini hassasiyetlere
sahip kişiler içinde geçerli olup katkı maddeleri helal, haram ve şüpheli
olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Gıda etiketlerinde katkı maddelerinin içerikleri
ve elde edildikleri kaynaklar hakkında detaylı bilgilere yer verilmemektedir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı gıda etiketleri üzerinde yer alan E-kodlu katkı maddelerinden
helal olması şüpheli olanların belirlenmesi ve şüpheli olan katkı maddelerinin
daha çok hangi ürün grupları içerisinde yer aldığının tespit edilmesidir.
Çalışmada öncelikle gıda maddeleri, ürün gruplarına göre sınıflandırılmış, çeşitli
markalardan oluşan toplam 419 adet ürünün gıda etiketleri incelenmiştir.
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre incelenen 419 gıda etiketinden 198’inde helal durumu
şüpheli E-kodlu katkı maddesi tespit edilmiştir. Helal olması şüpheli E-kodlu  katkı maddeleri  65 çeşittir. Soslar, unlu mamuller,
şekerlemeler, kekler, et ve şarküteri ürünleri ve sakızlar helal olması şüpheli
E-kodlu katkı maddelerinin yoğun olarak kullanıldığı ürün gruplarıdır.
SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÖĞRETİM MATERYALİ GELİŞTİRME VE KULLANIMI HAKKINDAKİ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: DERE İlker
Published: June 2019

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının sosyal bilgiler
derslerinde öğretim materyali geliştirme ve kullanımı hakkındaki görüşlerini keşfetmektir.
Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseni
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 16 sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayı (9 kadın, 7
erkek) katılmıştır. Katılımcılar, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Veri
toplamak için yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu, yapılandırılmamış gözlem
notları ve dokümanlar kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, betimsel analiz
yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, sosyal bilgiler
öğretmen adaylarının öğretim materyali kullanımını sosyal bilgiler dersinin
vazgeçilmez bir parçası olarak gördüklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bunun yanında
seçtikleri kazanımların öğretimi için en az 3 farklı materyal geliştiren
öğretmen adaylarının neredeyse tamamı, ders anlatımı sırasında PowerPoint
sunusu kullanmıştır. Ayrıca tüm adaylar, ders anlatımı sırasında akıllı tahtayı
kullanırken, hiç kimse beyaz yazı tahtasından ve ders kitaplarından
yararlanmamıştır. Dahası, adayların materyal geliştirme ilkelerine uydukları ve
materyal kullanma becerilerinin yeterince gelişmiş olduğu görülmüştür. Son
olarak adaylar, sosyal bilgiler derslerinde öğretim materyali kullanımının
aktif katılım sağlama, konuyu somutlaştırma ve kalıcı öğrenme gibi katkılarına
vurgu yapmıştır.
Saliency detection in deep learning era: trends of development
Authors: Favorskaya M. N. , Jain L. C.
Published: June 2019

Introduction:Saliency detection is a fundamental task of computer vision. Its ultimate aim is to localize the objects of interest that grab human visual attention with respect to the rest of the image. A great variety of saliency models based on different approaches was developed since 1990s. In recent years, the saliency detection has become one of actively studied topic in the theory of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Many original decisions using CNNs were proposed for salient object detection and, even, event detection.

Purpose:A detailed survey of saliency detection methods in deep learning era allows to understand the current possibilities of CNN approach for visual analysis conducted by the human eyes’ tracking and digital image processing.

Results:A survey reflects the recent advances in saliency detection using CNNs. Different models available in literature, such as static and dynamic 2D CNNs for salient object detection and 3D CNNs for salient event detection are discussed in the chronological order. It is worth noting that automatic salient event detection in durable videos became possible using the recently appeared 3D CNN combining with 2D CNN for salient audio detection. Also in this article, we have presented a short description of public image and video datasets with annotated salient objects or events, as well as the often used metrics for the results’ evaluation.

Practical relevance:This survey is considered as a contribution in the study of rapidly developed deep learning methods with respect to the saliency detection in the images and videos.
Analysis of motor activity using electromyogram signals
Authors: Khorev V. S. , Maksimenko V. A. , Pitsik E. N. , Runnova A. E. , Kurkin S. A. , Hramov A. E.
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Methods of detecting the start of a movement and moments of movement planning are important in neuroscience. Using the signals of electrical activity of muscles (electromyograms) in order to precisely detect the moment of movement is a special problem, because the initial signals are complex, non-stationary and affected by noise. It is especially important in experiments with simultaneous registration of an EEG and an electromyogram, when you have to analyze the interaction between brain structures.

Purpose: Development of methods for electromyogram data analysis and techniques for their use in a detailed study of motor activity.

Methods: We use the threshold detection method based on calculating the derivative of the original signal filtered and smoothed. Such an approach makes it possible to estimate the starting points of the onset of motion relatively quickly and accurately, even along a part of a time series.

Results: We have developed a technique which allows you to automatically detect the precursor of a movement start, based on the analysis of electromyographic signals. We have calculated the distribution of the delay between the presentation of a sound signal and the beginning of a movement, and evaluated the statistical properties of this distribution.

Practical relevance: The results of this research can be used to automatically detect starting points in experiments with simultaneous EEG recording, and later be applied to solve practical problems related to the development of controlled prostheses for the rehabilitation of people with disabilities.
Random processes with random transitions between stable states
Authors: Khimenko V. I.
Published: June 2019

Introduction:Studying random processes with several stable states and random transitions between them is important because it opens a wide range of practical problems. The detailed information structure is not studied well enough, and there is no unified approach to the description and probabilistic analysis of such processes.

Purpose:Studying the main probabilistic characteristics of random processes with two stable states, and probabilistic analysis of control over chaotic transitions under various control actions.

Results:We show the ways to represent and preliminarily analyze random processes with two stable states on the phase plane and in the pseudophase space. A general probabilistic model for the processes in question is proposed in the form of a two-component probabilistic «mixture» of distributions. A probabilistic analysis was carried out for the principles of control over random transitions between different states. We have defined the basic probabilistic characteristics for the processes in a management action with a variety of spectral-correlation properties and a changeable threshold for random transitions. The Poisson model of a random transition flow is analyzed with an example of «high» threshold levels.

Practical relevance:The methods of visual, qualitative and analytical research in studying dynamic systems with several stable states can be combined. The proposed probabilistic models, regardless of the physical nature of the processes under consideration, can be used in problems of probabilistic analysis, control over probabilistic structure of random transitions, and simulation of physical, technical or biological systems with random switching.
Optical data signals in fiber optic communication links with fading
Authors: Juwiler I. , Bronfman I. , Blaunstein N.
Published: June 2019

Introduction: This article is based on the recent research work in the field of two subjects: signal data parameters in fiber optic communication links, and dispersive properties of optical signals caused by non-homogeneous material phenomena and multimode propagation of optical signals in such kinds of wired links.

Purpose: Studying multimode dispersion by analyzing the propagation of guiding optical waves along a fiber optic cable with various refractive index profiles of the inner optical cable (core) relative to the outer cladding, as well as dispersion properties of a fiber optic cable due to inhomogeneous nature of the cladding along the cable, for two types of signal code sequences transmitted via the cable: return-to-zero and non-return-to-zero ones.

Methods: Dispersion properties of multimode propagation inside a fiber optic cable are analyzed with an advanced 3D model of optical wave propagation in a given guiding structure. The effects of multimodal dispersion and material dispersion causing the optical signal delay spread along the cable were investigated analytically and numerically.

Results: Time dispersion properties were obtained and graphically illustrated for two kinds of fiber optic structures with different refractive index profiles. The dispersion was caused by multimode (e.g. multi-ray) propagation and by the inhomogeneous nature of the material along the cable. Their effect on the capacity and spectral efficiency of a data signal stream passing through such a guiding optical structure is illustrated for arbitrary refractive indices of the inner (core) and outer (cladding) elements of the optical cable. A new methodology is introduced for finding and evaluating the effects of time dispersion of optical signals propagating in fiber optic structures of various kinds. An algorithm is proposed for estimating the spectral efficiency loss measured in bits per second per Hertz per each kilometer along the cable, for arbitrary presentation of the code signals in the data stream, non-return-to zero or return-to-zero ones. All practical tests are illustrated by MATLAB utility.
Phase shift between changes in global temperature and atmospheric Co2 content under the external emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
Authors: Muryshev K. E. , Eliseev A. V. , Denisov S. N. , Arzhanov M. M. , Timazhev A. V.
Published: June 2019

The phase shift between changes in the global surface temperature Tg and atmospheric CO2 content has been shown earlier not to characterize causal relationships in the Earth system in the general case. Specifically, the sign of this phase shift under nongreenhouse radiative forcing changes depends on the time scale of this forcing. This paper analyzes the phase shift between changes in the global surface temperature Tg and the atmospheric CO2 content qCO2 under synchronous external emissions of carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere on the basis of numerical experiments with the IAP RAS climatic model and a conceptual climate model with carbon cycle. For a sufficiently large time scale of external forcing, the changes in qCO2 lag relative to the corresponding changes in Tg.
Vortex motion due to differential diffusion
Authors: Ingel L. Kh.
Published: June 2019

Convection caused by the double (differential) diffusion in a rotating medium can lead to a transfer of vorticity, and in particular, to its concentration. In geophysical applications, it is not considered usually, because the spatial and temporal scales of such convection and rotation effects differ greatly – the period of planetary rotation is many orders of magnitude greater than the characteristic time of existence of the corresponding convective structures in sea water. The paper draws attention to the fact that in the atmosphere there are possible the processes, in which a noticeable transfer of vorticity, caused by the difference in the effective exchange coefficients for various substances, seems to be more real. Effects of the type of double diffusion in the air are possible in principle, in connection with some difference in the rates of heat, water vapor and (or) heavy admixture transfer. The simplest linear model of convection due to double diffusion in a rotating medium is considered. The possibility of the contribution of such effects to the concentration of vorticity during the tornado formation is discussed.
Comparison of various models of supercooled water loss factor with experimental data at microwaves
Authors: Bordonskiy G. S. , Orlov A. O.
Published: June 2019

An improved formula for the supercooled water loss factor at frequencies 10…180 GHz in the temperature range 0 ... –70 °C is presented. The formula based on the experimental data obtained by the authors on measurements of attenuation in the pore water of silicate materials. The formula contains two terms connected the Debye dependence of the loss factor on frequency and temperature, and non-Debye, determined by the influence of the second critical point of water. Comparison of the proposed formula and the model formulas of other authors is carried out. A significant discrepancy between the calculation results (at several times) of the loss factor at frequencies above 100 GHz and temperatures below –30 °C has been founded. The model based on the measurements provides the most adequate representation of the behavior of the loss factor with an error of ~ 30% in the area of deep supercooling of water and in the upper part of the studied frequency band.
Geological position and structural control of ore mineralization of the Toupugol-Khanmeyshorsky district (the Polar Urals) as a result of remote sensing
Authors: Ivanova J. N. , Vyhristenko R. I. , Vikentyev I. V.
Published: June 2019

Large ring, arc and radial structures were identified based on complex processing of the multispectral satellite imagery of the Landsat apparatus. These structures control the position of gold mineralization of the Toupugol-Khanmeyshorsky ore district (Novogodnenskoe ore cluster, the Polar Urals). The comparative characteristic of this territory with the Turinsk-Auerbakh ore district (Auerbach ore cluster, the Northern Urals) was held. Similar geological features, regularity of the structures and location of gold mineralization in the system of morphostructures were revealed. For the first time, the depths of the formation of magmatic chambers were determined for the Novogodnensky and Auerbach paleovolcanic structures. These chambers were located at depths of ~4 km and ~20 km, respectively in the upper and middle parts of the earth's crust. These are sitting. The Novogodnensky structure is a monogenic structure. It formed under the influence of one leading geological process. The Auerbach structure is larger and more complex structure; it is characterized by a long and multi-stage development. The paleovolcanic reconstruction showed that the root (focal) part of the Auerbach structure plunges from the southeast to the northwest during of the magmatic process evolution. Gold mineralization within the studied areas of the Northern Urals is confined to the intersections of radial faults near the centers of large concentric morphostructures.