bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential applications of personality assessments to the management of non-human primates: a review of 10 years of study
Authors: Norman Max , Rowden Lewis J. , Cowlishaw Guy
Published: September 2021

Studies of primate personality have become increasingly common over the past three decades. Recently, studies have begun to focus on the health, welfare and conservation implications of personality, and the potential applications of incorporating quantitative personality assessments into animal management programmes. However, this literature is dispersed across a multitude of settings and scientific disciplines. We conducted a review of nonhuman primate personality studies relevant to these issues published since 2010, following on from an earlier review. The databases ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science were used to identify relevant articles. After eliminating irrelevant or duplicate papers, 69 studies were selected. Our review reveals that, while primate personality research is carried out on a range of species, there is strong taxonomic bias. While 28 species appeared within the reviewed literature, 52% of studies were carried out on just five species. Further, the most common research focus (43%) was validating new assessment methods or describing personality in different species, rather than exploring the links between personality and animal welfare using existing validated methods. However, among the remaining studies that did explore the role of animal personality in husbandry, health, and welfare, we identified progression towards integrating personality data into various aspects of animal management. Evidence suggests the assessment of personality may benefit social group management, enrichment practices, training protocols, health and welfare monitoring, and conservation planning for endangered species. We argue that further research which develops our understanding of primate personality and its influence in these areas will provide a valuable tool to inform animal management practices.
Imagen y stásis. La guerra civil en la teoría de los actos de imagen de Horst Bredekamp
Authors: Benyo Javier Esteban
Published: September 2021

A partir de una problematización de la cuestión de la guerra civil, este artículo ofrece una interpretación de la teoría de los actos de imagen desarrollada por Horst Bredekamp. En particular, este trabajo se focaliza en el tema de la relación entre el cuerpo y la imagen en el contexto de la stásis (guerra civil) contemporánea. Su objetivo es dar cuenta de una teoría que va más allá de una definición de la imagen en tanto ligada a la representación. En este contexto, nuestra hipótesis sostiene que esta aproximación a la guerra civil permite esclarecer el poder performativo de las imágenes.
Estética de la diferencia sexual. Kant, el “bello sexo” y la reflexión estética
Authors:   UNC-CONICET, García Luis Ignacio
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo analiza la generización de la diferencia entre lo bello y lo sublime en las Observaciones sobre el sentimiento de lo bello y lo sublime de Kant. Esta diferencia es planteada bajo el supuesto de la diferencia sexual, implicando una jerarquización que ubica al hombre en el polo sublime-racional por encima de la mujer, del lado bello-sensible, replicando una vieja tradición metafísico-androcéntrica. Se aborda el devenir de la distinción, pero en el contexto de la teoría del juicio estético planteada en la Crítica de la facultad de juzgar. Esta obra, que replica la diferencia bello/sublime, ofrece sin embargo una teoría del gusto que sitúa al juicio estético de lo bello más allá de las jerarquías masculinistas. Concluimos así que en la estética kantiana conviven la misoginia explícita con una teoría del gusto que interrumpe las dicotomías metafísicas en que ella se funda.
Testimonio y práctica artística en el Campo de Prisioneros de Chacabuco 1973-1974. El teatro de Mario Molina.
Authors:   Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, Durán Mateluna Francisca Carolina
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo aborda la experiencia de la sobrevivencia de los presos políticos en el Campo de Prisioneros de Chacabuco durante la dictadura cívico-militar chilena, a través de la práctica artística teatral, entre 1973 y 1974. A modo de hipótesis se plantea que el teatro permitió a los presos mermar el drama y construir transitoriamente realidades diferentes, suspendiendo la realidad impuesta y creando otras alternativas. La pregunta principal es de qué manera el corpus dramático de Mario Molina, escrito durante su detención, generó estrategias de supervivencia y condiciones para interpretar los nuevos hechos extraordinarios que estaban sucediendo. El teatro de Mario Molina en cuanto a escritura, puesta en escena y recepción se analiza desde su propia dramaturgia, así como desde el campo testimonial.
PREVALENCIA DEL DETERIORO COGNITIVO EN PERSONAS MAYORES DE 60 AÑOS, EN UN CONSULTORIO MÉDICO DE LA REGIÓN DE ALTAHABANA (CUBA), PERTENECIENTE AL MUNICIPIO BOYEROS. AÑO 2020
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. “Enrique Cabrera”, La Habana, Cuba, Hernández Esterlin Yudit , Contreras Torres Cruz María ,   Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. “Enrique Cabrera”, La Habana, Cuba, Piedra Ruíz Gilberto ,   Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. “Enrique Cabrera”, La Habana, Cuba
Published: September 2021

El deterioro cognitivo es un problema de salud a nivel mundial,el cual se ha convertido en uno de las mayoresdemandas de atención médica en las personas mayores. Con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo en las personas mayores de 60 años, se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con carácter retrospectivo decorte transversal a 323 adultos mayores en el Consultorio Médico de la Familia # 20, ubicado en la región de Altahabana, perteneciente al Policlínico Universitario “Federico Capdevila”delMunicipio Boyeros(Cuba). El estudio se realizó entre enero y diciembre de2020. Se encontró que el 31% de las personas mayores,pertenecen al grupo de edades de 65 a 69 años, con un predominio del género femenino en un 61%.El nivel de escolaridad universitario estuvo presente en un 57,5%.El deterioro cognitivo de las personas mayores prevaleció en un 14%;la hipertensión
A Case of Idiopathic Sequential Profound Bilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Occurring 37 Days After Unilateral Presentation
Authors: Woo Joo Young , Ji Chang Lok , Park Geun Hyung , Yoon Byungwoo
Published: September 2021

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a common disorder; however, sequential, bilateral presentation of the disease is rarer than unilateral presentation. Clinical otologists usually focus on treating the side with impaired hearing when patients first present with unilateral SSNHL, and therefore, may not warn patients of the possibility of subsequent hearing impairment in the contralateral ear. Furthermore, it is professionally discouraging when a patient presents with profound, sequential SSNHL after initial treatment. This may adversely impact the doctor-patient relationship, even if the patient is offered the best possible care from their first visit. Herein, we report the case of a patient with profound, idiopathic, bilateral SSNHL with a time interval of 37 days between involvement of both ears. Even though high-dose steroids were administered intraorally and intratympanically, the patient’s hearing was not restored, and the patient eventually required bilateral cochlear implant surgery. Our report demonstrates that sequential, profound, bilateral SSNHL may manifest without any specific signs.
Productivity of Two Rice Varieties Using Ratoon System Through N Fertilizing Treatments at Two Flooding Types on Tidal Lowland Area
Authors: Gribaldi . , Nurlaili . , Danial Ekawati , Sakalena Firnawati
Published: September 2021

Aims: This research objective was to determine productivity of two rice varieties using ratoon system through regulation of N fertilizer application at two flooding types in tidal lowland area. 

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from February to July 2020 at two locations in tidal lowland area, i.e. B-type flooding located at -203859, 132S 10404428,449E and C-type flooding located at -203858,81S 10404426,745E in Mura Sugih Village, Tanjung Lago Subdistrict, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia.

Study Design: The experimental design used in this study was Factorial Randomized Block Design with two treatments factors and four replications.  The variety treatments (V) were consisted of V1: Inpari 30 and V2: Hipa 5 Ceva. N fertilizer application treatments (A) were consisted of A1: N fertilizing: 1/3 dose at planting period + 1/3 dose at 42 dap + 1/3 dose at 1 day after harvest (dah) of main crop; A2: N fertilizing: 1/3 dose at planting period + 1/3 dose at 42 dap + 1/6 dose at 1 dah of main crop + 1/6 dose at 21 dah of main crop.

Result: The results showed that N fertilizer application regulation can increase productivity of two rice varieties using ratoon system at two flooding types land in tidal lowland area. Productivity of rice hybrid (Hipa 5 ceva) tend to be higher than that of rice inbred  (Inpari 30) using ratoon system at two flooding types land in tidal lowland area. Productivity of two rice varieties using ratoon system tend to be higher at B-flooding type land than that of C- flooding type land.
Socio-Economic Contribution of Donkey and Mule Rearing in Haryana (India) – A Review
Authors: Singh Ajmer , Kumar Rajender , Kumar Sanjay , Pal Yash
Published: September 2021

Animal husbandry plays a vital role in growth of agrarian economy in Haryana and role of livestock is very important for livelihood in the state (Haryana). Equine (Equidae) is a major component of livestock having its four sub groups i.e. horse, pony, donkey and mule. Equine is integral part of animal husbandry as well as agriculture found worldwide and equine power is known equal to engine power. Donkey and mule are major parts of equine family and mainly reared for load carrying, cart pulling and are used as pack animals in Haryana. A great decline has been observed in donkey population during last few years in the state. As per census done by DADF (GOI) donkey population was 63000 in 1997, 8000 in 2003, 4838 in 2007, 2903 in 2012 and 800 in 2019 the state. Similarly decline was also observed in mule population and as per census done by DADF (GOI) mule population was 35000 in 1997, 14000 in 2003, 10600 in 2007, 9009 in 2012 and 2499 in 2019 in Haryana. Mechanization, ignorance of policy makers and social taboo are major factors responsible for decline of population of these animals in Haryana.
Nexus between Internal Controls System and Effectiveness in Revenue Collection in Energy Utilities in Tanzania
Authors: Celestine Justine , Matiku Emmanuel
Published: September 2021

This research examined the nexus between internal controls system and revenue collection effectiveness in energy utilities in Tanzania. Multiple regression analysis was applied to the collected data from respondents. It was revealed that, control environments and control activities have insignificant and positive association with revenue collection effectiveness while risk assessment and monitoring of controls had significant and positive influence to effectiveness in revenue collection. In order to improve revenue collection efficiency in energy utilities and other related public authorities in Tanzania, it is indispensable to support and improve internal controls system like segregation of duties, reconciliations and physical controls so as to bring efficiency in revenue collection. Also, assessment of risk is another control which needs to be undertaken in order to encourage revenue collection effectiveness. For all these controls to be active, monitoring of controls should be highly undertaken on periodic basis. Since our research considered energy sector as the study area particularly at TANESCO in Morogoro region, it is recommended that next studies should take into consideration other sectors and related public bodies.
Comparison of Physics Teacher’s Forecast Grade and Actual Grade Obtained by Candidates in Cambridge AS and A-Level International Examinations: A Case Study of an Advanced Level School in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyelade Emmanuel Akinbami , Agbele Alaba Tolulope , Awe Olufisayo Olalekan , Anifowose Temitope Olajumoke , Bello Kalid Abayomi
Published: September 2021

Aim: This paper examined a comparative assessment of teacher’s forecast and actual grades obtained by students who sat for Cambridge AS and A-Level International Examinations in an Advanced Level School, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria for five (5) consecutive years. 

Study Design: The teacher’s mark book which documented the forecasted grades for Physics in Cambridge AS and A-Level International Examinations from the year 2014 to 2018 was             consulted and compared with the actual grades obtained by students over the same                                 period. 

Methodology: Two hundred and thirty-five (235) students’ results constitute the sampled population. Ahead of the time of final Cambridge International Examinations (CIE), some students who had withdrawn from the school system due to the fact that they are dead, terribly sick or gained admission into other higher institutions of learning and did not have their names on the CIE result broadsheets were disqualified from being part of the sampled population. This enabled the researchers to accurately compared the forecast grades of students who sat for CIE with the grades that they actually obtained. Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was carried out and the P-value was above 0.05 level of significance, as this shows that the data was parametric. SPSS version 23 was thereafter used to analyze the data and the hypothesis was tested using paired sample T-tests. 

Results: There is no significant difference between Physics teacher’s forecast grades and the actual grades obtained by students in Cambridge Advanced AS and A-Level International Examinations for 5 years (2014 – 2018) as the teacher’s forecast grades for the last 7 examination series were accurate at P < 0.05 level of significance. The P –values; (0.083, 0.235, 0.260, 0.802, 0.328, 0.110 and 0.990) were above 0.05 significant level. 

Conclusion: Findings from our study showed that there is no significant difference between Physics teacher’s forecast and the actual grades obtained by the students in the Cambridge Assessment International Education for October/November 2015, May/June 2016, October/November 2016, May/June 2017, October/November 2017, May/June 2018 as well as October/November 2018 examination series.
Macrozoobenthos Community Structure in Situ Cileunca, Pangalengan District, Bandung Regency, West Java
Authors: Fitriani Annisa , Hamdani Herman , Zahidah . , Herawati Heti
Published: September 2021

This research aims to determine the structure of the macrozoobenthos community which includes variety, diversity, uniformity, coefficient of similarity and the Family Biotic Index (FBI) macrozoobenthos as well as the physical and chemical parameters of the waters and to determine the pollution status of Situ Cileunca waters. The research was conducted in Situ Cileunca, Bandung Regency, West Java from January to February 2021. The research method used a survey method. The method used in data collection is purposive sampling by determining 5 stations and 4 times. Data analysis in this research uses descriptive analysis. The results showed that the lowest average Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) value was found at station 4 of 8.90 ±4.92 mg/L and the highest average BOD5 value was found at station 5 of 12.99 ± 6.60 mg/L. There are three species of macrozoobenthos that live in the waters of Situ Cileunca, namely Pomacea canaliculata, Filopaludina javanica and Anodonta woodiana. Macrozoobenthos abundance ranges from 400 - 704 ind/m2. The diversity index of macrozoobenthos is included in the low category, ranging from 0.17 to 0.28. The uniformity value ranged from 0.36 - 0.59 which was classified as moderate in all including except at station 4 which was classified as low. The lowest average similarity coefficient was found between stations 3 and 5 was 0.13 and the highest average similarity coefficient between stations 4 and 5 was 0.30. The index value of the FBI macrozoobenthos ranged from 6.05 to 6.18 with a rather poor category. The pollution status of  Situ Cileunca is moderately polluted because the BOD5 value is categorized as moderately polluted, the diversity (H') is classified as heavily polluted and the FBI value is in the rather poor category.
Phacoemulsification: Awareness among Postoperative Cataract Patients in South East Nigeria
Authors: Onwuegbuna Arinze Anthony , Apakama Akunne Ijeoma , Igboegwu Ejike Ekene , Chianakwalam Emeka Akujuobi , Amobi Miriam-Benigna Chika , Okosa Chuka Michael , Eleje George Uchenna
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the awareness of phacoemulsification among post operative cataract patients.

Methods: This was a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge of phacoemulsification among postoperative cataract patients that presented in community eye care outreaches in 3 local government areas of Anambra State Nigeria between June 21st 2021 to June 25th 2021.

Results: The total number of people that attended the outreaches during the study period were 975. Out of these, 167 participants had cataract surgery but only 155 (n=155/167) consented to the study, giving a response rate of 92.8%. The mean age was 67±13 years with an age range of 18 to 93 years. The male: female ratio was 1: 1.2. There were more females (n=84/155, 54.2%) than males (n=71/155, 45.8%).Majority obtained only primary education (n=74/155, 47.7%), while 20.6% (n=32/155) obtained secondary education, 14.2% (n=22/155) obtained tertiary education while 17.4% (n=27/155) had no formal education

Conclusion: Most cataract blind people in Nigeria are not aware of phacoemulsification cataract surgery and therefore may limit options for modern treatment of cataract blindness, even though this modern method of cataract treatment has been in place for decades in other countries.
Modified Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Generalized Exponential Distribution
Authors: Singh Alok Kumar , Patawa Rohit , Singh Abhinav , Gupta Puneet Kumar
Published: September 2021

For a Modified Maximum Likelihood Estimate of the parameters of generalized exponential distribution (GE), a hyperbolic approximation is used instead of linear approximation for a function which appears in the Maximum Likelihood equation. This estimate is shown to perform better, in accuracy and simplicity of calculation, than the one based on linear approximation for the same function. Numerical computation for random samples of different sizes from generalized exponential distribution (GE), using type II censoring is done and is shown to be better than that obtained by Lee et al. [1].
A New Methodology for Designing a Skull Implant
Authors: Markiz Nassim , Horváth Eszter , Ficzere Péter
Published: September 2021

Cranioplasty is a surgery used to repair a bone defect in the skull caused by an injury. It involves lifting the scalp and restoring the contour of the skull with an implant usually manufactured by additive manufacturing. The cranial implant is a sensitive topic; thus, it must be manufactured to the highest standards. Medical implants are growing significantly due to industrial digitalization and the rapid development of industrial software. With the help of computed Tomography (CT) equipment, a spatial, rotating model of the patient's current state can be obtained quickly, even in minutes where the replacement part of the deficiency can be perfectly designed. Although this requires considerable routine, computational capacity, and time, but taking advantage of the latest software presented in our manuscript, the development time of the implant can be up to 50 times shorter with significant improvements in suitability and adaptability. Subsequently, we can produce more accurate implants with more accessible and faster manufacturing with our developed method. The development steps and methods of designing an implant are described in our article.
Performance-Based Optimization of Reinforced Ductile Concrete Frames with Asymmetric Reinforcement in Columns Using the ISR Analogy
Authors: Mart´ınez Luis Fernando Verduzco , Rangel Jaime Moises Horta ´ , Hern ´ ande Miguel Angel P ´ erez Lara y , Zaragoza Juan Bosco Hernandez
Published: September 2021

Aims/ Objectives: The present work exposes the design of optimization procedures both with the “Particle Swarm Optimization” (PSO) algorithm and the “Genetic Algorithm” (GA) for the design of reinforced concrete frames, making comparisons in cost, weight of the structure and predicted damage. The optimization procedures are built up using the “Idealized Smeared Reinforcement” (ISR) analogy for each element of the structural model frames considered for this work.

Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. 

Place and Duration of Study: Graduate Engineering Department, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Santiago de Quertaro, Quertaro, Mxico, August 2021.

Methodology: Two different numerical structural plane-frame models were created for the application and comparison of the performance of the optimization design procedures hereby proposed. The optimization procedures were mono-objective with a cost-objective function, taking on account steel reinforcement and concrete for the cost computation. Two different design approaches were carried on for this work, one proposing asymmetrical reinforcement for columns and the other with symmetrical reinforcement. In order to compute the damage indices considered for this study a non-linear Pushover structural analysis is performed.

Results: Results show that asymmetrical reinforcement in columns may reduce concrete volumes, although such reduction in material might not be quite proportional with construction cost, given that asymmetric reinforcement in columns is more expensive than symmetrical, per unit-cost. The bigger the structure, the more likely is to obtain lighter structures by using asymmetrical reinforcement. Regarding damage of the structure, results show that when using asymmetrical reinforcement in columns, it is more likely to obtain smaller values for the expected damage with no great difference on the estimated collapse Safety Factors for the seismic loads. In general, the proposed methodology hereby proposed enhances quite good optima results, requiring only a few adjustments of clash-free and slap reinforcement after the optimization procedure terminates.

Conclusion: When designing reinforced concrete frames with asymmetric reinforcement in columns, an increase in construction costs of as much as 25% as that obtained for symmetric reinforcement could be enhanced. In general, with the proposed methodology to optimally design reinforced concrete frames, savings of as much as 20% in construction costs from an initial structural proposal can be reached.
Current Status and Future Outlook on Occupational Health and Safety Research in Sudan: A Concise Review
Authors: Abdelrahim Rasha A. , Omer Faris , Otitolaiye Victor O.
Published: September 2021

The concept of occupational health and safety (OHS) describes the strategies, guidelines, and actions typically adopted and implemented to prevent, minimize or manage the risks associated with the health and safety of people and property. Over the years, the rapid growth, development and operation of various industries in developing countries have resulted in numerous accidents, injuries and illnesses. Given the short- and long-term effects of such issues, it is imperative to identify, examine and highlight the potential areas where workplace-related incidences could occur in the industry. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of the current status and future outlook on occupational health and safety (OHS) research in Sudan. The review of the literature indicates that although OHS research is still in its infancy in Sudan, various researchers have examined the nature, sources, and impacts of accidents, injuries, and illnesses that severely comprise workers’ health and safety. Furthermore, workers in Sudan are routinely exposed to toxic chemicals, medical wastes, noxious gases, noise pollution and other workplace-related risks that severely affect human health, safety and the environment. However, many employers, workers and government agencies have ample knowledge of OHS and its importance in the workplace. The studies also highlighted the crucial role played by OHS not only on health and safety but also the overall organisational performance and operational management in workplaces. Therefore, the design, development, and integration of OHS programmes into the workplace could greatly minimize and eliminate work-related accidents, illness, injuries or death.
Study of Genetic Variability and Heritability in Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. Var. cerasiforme) Genotypes
Authors: Akhter Afroza , Nabi Ambreen , Afroza Baseerat , Dar Zahoor Ahmad , Malik Ajaz Ahmad , Ali Gowhar , Akhter Sabia , Indrabi Sayed Azrah , Sultan Amreena , Javeed Insha
Published: September 2021

Twenty-nine genotypes of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme) were evaluated for their genetic variability and heritability. A wide range of genetic variability was observed for twenty traits of cherry tomato genotypes. The analysis of variance was significant for all the characters indicating genetic variability in the genotypes under the study except number of locules per fruit. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for lycopene (43.12, 42.94), total carotenoids (42.82, 42.51), average fruit weight (42.52, 42.50), fruit yield per hectare (42.29, 42.24). In general Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was marginally higher than the corresponding Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) indicating the less influence of environment in the expression of traits under study. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was observed for almost all characters indicating that most of the traits studied were mainly controlled by additive gene effect and thus selection may be effective.
Numerical Study on Propagation of Ice Breaking Shock Waves in Process of Breaking Ice by Double-Layer Charge Blasting
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Wu Yuanli , Xie Zhigang , Kong Chaosong , Tian Zhizong
Published: September 2021

The ice-breaking process of the double-layer charge at a depth of 150 cm underwater is simulated by LS-DYNA. This paper analyzes the load type, shock wave pressure characteristics and propagation behavior of the double-layer charge during underwater explosion. By analyzing the impact of the shock wave pressure in the water under different charge intervals and time intervals on the shock wave pressure of the double charge, it is concluded that the peak pressure of the double charge explosion shock wave is jointly determined by the double charge. In this range, the second peak pressure value of the drug is greater than the pressure value of the first peak of the drug, and the attenuation is slow; the delay time of the upper charge has little effect on the peak pressure value of the shock wave in the water; the delay time is higher than that of the lower charge Initiation, at the same position, the total pressure peak of the shock wave formed by the delay of the upper charge is larger.
The Effects of Lubricants on the Disintegration and Dissolution Profile of Metronidazole Tablets Formulated Using Sida acuta Gum as a Binder
Authors: Okafo Sinodukoo Eziuzo , Afokoghene Avbunudiogba John , Alalor Christian Areruruoghene , Igbinake Deborah Ufuoma
Published: September 2021

Aims: This research was done to study the effects of types and concentrations of lubricants on the dissolution and disintegration profile of metronidazole tablets formulated using Sida acuta gum as a binder.

Methodology: Sida acuta gum (SAG) was extracted from powdered dried leaves of Sida acuta. Metronidazole granules were produced by wet granulation technique using different concentrations (1 and 2%) of SAG as a binder and mixed with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) of magnesium stearate (MS) or sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as a lubricant. The granules/lubricant -mix was compressed into tablets and evaluated for hardness, weight uniformity, drug content, disintegration time, friability and in vitro drug release.

Results: The hardness for the tablets was from 4.08 to 7.97 Kgf. The friability was from 0.02±0.45 to 3.40±0.43%. Tablets from formulations A1-A3, B2, and B3 failed the friability test. Formulations prepared with 1% SAG were more friable than those formulated with 2% SAG. Disintegration time for formulations A1-A3 (1% SAG + MS) ranged from 19.07 to 63.5 min, while that of A4-A6 (2% SAG + MS) was from 39.06 to 81.48 min. Formulations B1-B3 (1% SAG + SLS) had disintegration time that ranged from 4.22 to 6.8 min while that of B4-B6 (2% SAG + SLS) was from 9.35 to 15.90 min. The % drug release at 60 min for formulations that contained SAG and MS was 76.60-104.28% and SAG and SLS was 99.89-101.35%

Conclusion: Metronidazole tablets formulated using SLS as lubricant disintegrated faster than those formulated using magnesium stearate as lubricant. Percentage drug release from tablets containing SLS was slightly higher than those that contained magnesium stearate. Higher concentrations of the lubricants produced softer tablets.
Role of Curcuma Longa in Type 2 Diabetes and its Associated Complications
Authors: Abbas Waseem , Khan Rafeeq Alam , Baig Mirza Tasawer , Shaikh Safdar Ali , Kumar Andeep
Published: September 2021

Background: Occurrence of Diabetes and its related complications increased all over the world due to recent lifestyle trends.  A higher proportion of ultra-processed foods in the diet have been associated with a higher risk of T2D. A lack of fiber and a surplus of refined simple carbohydrate are contributing to obesity and diabetes diagnosis. Hence there is need to evaluate different nutraceuticals for the management of Diabetes.

Methodology: A Scopus, pub Med/Medline and Google Scholar electronic database search was done by using the key word role of Curcuma Longa in diabetes type 2 and its associated complications to review the related articles.

Summary: Curcumin a yellow color powder is one of the most important components of Curcuma Longa L; and commonly utilized as food additive in Asian countries. Pre-treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells curcumin leads to decrease in intracellular MGO level induced by exogenous MGO and also modify the carboxymethyl cellulose formation. Curcumin nutritional supplement fully normalized arterial AGEs. Curcumin reduced AGEs increase in the heart of diabetic rats. Curcumin reduces the development of diabetes in pre-diabetic population.

Conclusion: The literature review shows that the Curcuma Longa L; revealed anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects and prevent the development of diabetes associated complications in different animal model.
Clinical, Hematological and Immunological Correlation in Children with Dengue Infection
Authors: Mishra Bratati S. , Lingayat Nitin , Karambelkar Geeta
Published: September 2021

Mortality rate caused by dengue in tropical urban life by a vector mosquito possess severe effects including children. This is an observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai, from June 2006 to August 2008 area which is endemic for vector borne diseases. The clinical signs, symptoms, hematological parameters and serological correlation in 100 serologically positive for IgM and IgG children confirmed by Mac ELISA were studied. Chi-square test of significance was applied between the selected laboratory and clinical parameters. The outcomes of the study were provided with a high incidence of infection was seen in the age group of 6-10 years (50%), with a male (63%) predominance affection. Fever (100%), along with Vomiting (89%), myalgia (45%) and abdominal pain (27%) are the most common symptoms associated with dengue. Other symptoms found in childrens affected by dengue shows hemorrhagic manifestation (25%), hepatomegaly (78%), as cites and effusion (50%), hem concentration (31%), leucopenia (38%), and raised serum transaminases (67%). These findings were correlated with the severity of the infection and the parameters which were statistically significant were hemorrhagic manifestation, plasma leakage with as cites and effusion, hepatomegaly, hem concentration and leucopenia. The findings would be useful in early detection and prompt management and referral of cases for preventing mortality rate in children.
Recent Advances in Nanoparticle Drug Delivery for Targeting Lymph Node -An Overview in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Podutwar A. A. , Polshettiwar S. A. , Gawade A. R. , Baheti Akshay , Wani Manish S. , Ghanekar Mayuri , Gupta Asmita , Chondorkar Purva
Published: September 2021

Generally, it is said that the lymph node plays very important role in the cancer immunotherapy. So, delivering immunomodulating compounds to lymph node can be useful strategy for cancer immunotherapy. In case of this lymph node drug delivery system, lipid nanoparticles are widely used. High amount of drugs, nucleic acids and various other compounds can easily load in lipid nanoparticle, and they are easy to be manufacture on industrial scale also. In this review, we have focused on the potential of lipid nanoparticle technology to aim lymph nodes. However, there are many factors that control the delivery of drugs to lymphatics. Before the lymphatic detection, lipid nanoformulations are necessary to go through interstitial hindrance which alters delivery of them. So, the distribution and detection of lipid nanoformulations by means of lymphatic system depend on charge present on nanoparticles, hydrophobicity, particle size and molecular weight, form & type of lipid and emulsifier concentrations are as well significant factors disturbing the delivery of drugs in the lymphatic system.
The Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Exercise for the Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Gavhale Pradnya , Mahakarkar Manjusha
Published: September 2021

Background: Stress urinary incontinence is an involuntary leaking of urine during physical activity, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise that increases abdominal pressure. Stress urinaryincontinence has a wide variety of impacts on women's daily.

Objectives: To assess the stress urinary incontinence among women before and after pelvic floor exercise, to assess the severity of stress urinary incontinence among women before and after pelvic floor exercise, to find out the association between stress urinary incontinence and severity with selected demographic variables.

Methodology: A study will be conducted in the rural community area of the Wardha district. A total of 30 women will be selected as the study sample by using the non-probability purposive sampling technique as per the inclusion/exclusion criteria. An interventional evaluatory approach and time-series design will be used. In this study, the researcher will assess the stress urinary incontinence with the help of a structured questionnaire and again assess the severity of stress urinary incontinence with a grading scale after that pelvic floor exercise will be given to that woman after 2 weeks again researcher will assess the stress urinary incontinence and severity of the stress urinary incontinence with the grading scale.

Outcome/results: The outcome will be the pelvic floor exercise or training (PFE) will minimize the incidence rate of stress urinary incontinence among women it also helps to increase the pelvic floor muscle strength.
Association between Chronotype and Type 2 Diabetes: A Literature Review
Authors: Barve Samir , Joshi Sonopant , Saraf Abhay
Published: September 2021

Chronotype is an individual attribute of a person regarding circadian rhythm. Past literature denotes that the evening chronotype individuals are more prone to obesity, sleep problems, unhealthy diet and lifestyles. This review investigates original research studies on association between chronotype and diabetes. Total 28 articles were reviewed which were published in four research databases. Evening or later chronotype was associated with diabetes and poor glycemic control. Dietary practices like breakfast skipping, percentage of calories consumed at night to total daily calories were found to partially mediate the association. There is need to study how several risk factors of diabetes and the circadian disruptors influence this association. The abstracts of the shortlisted articles were further studied and relevant articles were shortlisted. Finally, total 28 articles were selected for the review. Articles published in English language only were included. The decision to include or exclude a study; was taken by agreement of all authors.
Methods of Diagnosis a Preferential Advantage in COVID-19: A Mini Review
Authors: Saini Neha , Pandey Prem , Shirolkar Mandar , Kulkarni Atul
Published: September 2021

Humanity is going through never seen before health crisis due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are 24.02 million cases and 0.82 million deaths worldwide as of 26th August 2020 due to deadly infection of COVID-19. The disease has been spreading exponentially (R-naught number: 3) and has challenged even the best healthcare infrastructure in the world. With the progression of the disease, the countries shifted the focus from cure to diagnosis and containment to flatten the curve. The review shows that the disease is spreading exponentially while the resources are still limited. We focus upon the probable vectors of the virus, different diagnostic methods with advantages & limitations, and the way forward. This review article covers the different diagnostic methods with more advantages, limitations, and the future sneak-peek into the forthcoming developments for the diagnostic processes such as RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase chain reaction).
Brownian Motion and its Mathematical Applications in Medicine
Authors: Borges Valdecir de Godoy , Sensu RJ Lato
Published: September 2021

Brownian motion is small particles suspended in a liquid tend to move in pseudorandom or stochastic paths through the liquid, even if the liquid in question is inert. By Einstein's theories for Brownian motion referring to the 1905 works, equilibrium relations and viscous friction, osmotic pressure reaching the diffusion coefficient of Brownian particles. In the fluid medium, we will address the deviation (diffusion equation and basically the relationship between the mean square deviation of the particle position and the fluid temperature, the higher the temperature, the greater the mean square deviation, that is, directly proportional to the constant of the diffusion). The importance of this study is the movement of particles and molecules in the fluid medium, whether these molecules are lipids, proteins, we know that viruses and bacteria are having a certain movement in the organism and its systems, we will tend to study their movement within vessels and between fluids body, with two densities and particular conditions, knowing the likely displacement, we will know therapeutic interventions that are probably more effective. The aim of this work is to demonstrate through mathematical applications the Brownian motion.
Development of Hot‐Melt Extrusion Method to Produce Hydroxyapatite/Polycaprolactone Composite Filaments
Authors: Zavřel Filip , Novák Matěj , Kroupová Jiřina , Beveridge Celine , Štěpánek František , Ruphuy Gabriela
Published: September 2021

The aim of this work is to develop a single‐step process to produce hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone (HAp/PCL) composite filaments for 3D printing of bone scaffolds by fused deposition modeling (FDM). The HAp/PCL composite filaments are produced by hot‐melt extrusion, with direct in situ blending. For practical purposes, the effect of PCL particle size on filament homogeneity and printability is assessed between PCL in powder and pellet form. The effect of HAp content on processing parameters and filament properties is also evaluated. Filament extrudability, homogeneity, and shape consistency improve with increasing HAp content up to a threshold of 40 wt%. Furthermore, an optimal range of the composite melt viscosity for the extrusion process is defined. The produced filaments are successfully 3D printed by FDM and the resulting prototypes show improved compressive modulus and degradation rate with increasing HAp content. A cytocompatibility assay is conducted, which suggests an optimal HAp content to be less than 40 wt% in terms of cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation. The developed method offers several advantages, as it completely avoids the use of toxic solvents and enables the incorporation of very high HAp concentrations, further improving the chances of implementation of FDM for bone tissue regeneration medicine.
Does connectivity reduce gender gaps in off‐farm employment? Evidence from 12 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Egger Eva‐Maria , Arslan Aslihan , Zucchini Emanuele
Published: September 2021

Gender gaps in labor force participation in developing countries persist despite income growth or structural change. We assess this persistence across economic geographies within countries, focusing on youth employment in off‐farm wage jobs. We combine household survey data from 12 developing countries with geospatial data on population density. The gender gap increases with connectivity from rural to peri‐urban areas and disappears in high‐density urban areas. In non‐rural areas, child dependency does not constrain young women, and secondary education improves their access to off‐farm jobs. The gender gap persists for married young women independent of connectivity improvements, indicating social norm constraints.
Energy‐Efficient Memristive Euclidean Distance Engine for Brain‐Inspired Competitive Learning
Authors: Zhou Houji , Chen Jia , Wang Yinan , Liu Sen , Li Yi , Li Qingjiang , Liu Qi , Wang Zhongrui , He Yuhui , Xu Hui , Miao Xiangshui
Published: September 2021

Inspired by competitive rules of the nature, competitive learning contributes to the specialization of the human brain and the general creativity of mankind. However, the construction of hardware competitive learning neural network still faces great challenges due to the lack of an accurate distance computation method and a self‐adaptive in situ training scheme. Herein, a fully memristive Euclidean distance (ED) engine based on analog multiply‐accumulate operation in a 32 × 32 TiN/TaO
x
/HfO
x
/TiN 1T1R array is demonstrated. The dual‐layer devices perform multilevel modulation under the target‐aware programming method with excellent read linearity in a dynamic range of 10–100 μS. The ED calculation is verified experimentally on a test board with an O(1) temporal complexity. Furthermore, in situ training and offline inference schemes for competitive learning, based on the ED engine, are developed and the simulated results show comparable success rates with those obtained by the CPU‐based software. Compared with a state‐of‐the‐art RTX6000 GPU (0.5 TOPS W−1), the energy efficiency of competitive learning models on ED engines can yield 100× improvements by utilizing optimized memristive devices.
Using Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: de Macena Sobreira Nara Lygia , Repetto Gabriela M. , Temtamy Samia A. , Alvarez Perez Ana Beatriz
Published: September 2021

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM®), an online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders, has been used in the low‐ and middle‐income countries largely as a tool for improving clinical care, teaching genetics and genomics, and for clinical and research analysis of next‐generation sequencing. By facilitating free access to curated, updated, and comprehensive information in genetics and genomics, OMIM has led to better clinical care and research advancement in countries where clinicians and researchers in private or public hospitals and universities cannot afford to pay for other resources including journal subscriptions.
Young people in residential aged care: Is Australia on track to meet its targets?
Authors: Brown Mark , Condi Amelia , Davis Elise , Goodwin Isabella , Winkler Di , Douglas Jacinta
Published: September 2021

Over 4500 people under 65 years of age live in residential aged care (RAC) in Australia, and they experience poorer quality of life than people with similar disabilities in other settings. Governments have long aimed to reduce admissions of young people to RAC, but in 2019, for the first time, the Australian Government adopted target dates for resolving the issue. The targets include reducing admissions of young people to near zero by 2022 and ensuring almost no one remains in RAC beyond 2025. The national strategy focuses mostly on housing and support needs being met via the National Disability Insurance Scheme. The present study drew on quarterly data from the National Aged Care Data Clearinghouse to examine progress toward these targets. Significant progress was evident in terms of young people entering RAC: admissions reduced each quarter between September 2018 and July 2020, halving over two years. No progress was evident in terms of young people leaving RAC for better arrangements; the trend neither increased nor decreased. Prospects for achieving the targets are discussed.
Insight into Structural Evolution, Active Sites, and Stability of Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhao Shenlong , Yang Yongchao , Tang Zhiyong
Published: September 2021

Studying structure–activity correlations of electrocatalysts is essential for improving the conversion of electrical to chemical energy. Recently, increasing evidence obtained by operando characterization techniques reveal that the structural evolution of catalysts caused by the interplay with electric fields, electrolytes and reactants/intermediates brings about the formation of real active sites. Hence, it is time to summarize structural evolution related research advances and envisage future developments. In this Minireview, we first introduce the fundamental concepts associated with structural evolution (e.g., catalysts, active sites/centers and stability/lifetime) and their relevance. Then, the multiple triggers of structural evolution and advanced operando characterizations are discussed. Significantly, a brief overview of structural evolution and its reversibility in heterogeneous electrocatalysis is provided, especially for the representative electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) processes. Lastly, key challenges and opportunities in this exciting field are highlighted.
Biocatalytic Asymmetric Cyclopropanations via Enzyme‐Bound Iminium Ion Intermediates
Authors: Kunzendorf Andreas , Xu Guangcai , Saifuddin Mohammad , Saravanan Thangavelu , Poelarends Gerrit J.
Published: September 2021

Cyclopropane rings are an important structural motif frequently found in many natural products and pharmaceuticals. Commonly, biocatalytic methodologies for the asymmetric synthesis of cyclopropanes rely on repurposed or artificial heme enzymes. Here, we engineered an unusual cofactor‐independent cyclopropanation enzyme based on a promiscuous tautomerase for the enantioselective synthesis of various cyclopropanes via the nucleophilic addition of diethyl 2‐chloromalonate to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The engineered enzyme promotes formation of the two new carbon‐carbon bonds with excellent stereocontrol over both stereocenters, affording the desired cyclopropanes with high diastereo‐ and enantiopurity (d.r. up to 25:1; e.r. up to 99:1). Our results highlight the usefulness of promiscuous enzymes for expanding the biocatalytic repertoire for non‐natural reactions.