bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversibility of bronchial obstruction in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia to justify correction of inhalation therapy
Authors: Mizernitskiy Yu. L. , Novak A. A. , Pronkina T. N. , Ryngachenko E. S. , Sokolova L. V. , Diakova S. E. , Zorina I. E. , Shatokha P. A. , Shudueva A. R.
Published: May 2024

Purpose. To assess the reversibility of bronchial obstruction in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia in groups with and without concomitant allergic inflammation, with the aim of a differentiated approach to inhalation therapy and the validity of prescribing bronchodilators.Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of the results of FEV1 before and after inhalation of a bronchodilator and study of the dependence of the reversibility of obstruction on the presence of atopy markers.Results. Of 100 patients, 63% (n=63) had atopy markers; 37% (n=37) did not have these markers (p≤0.05). When comparing the FEV1 indicator in children with the presence of allergic burden (n=63) and in the absence of it (n=37), it was found that in patients with markers of atopy, obstructive changes identified during spirometry were 14.2% more common ( p≤0.05). Reversibility of bronchial obstruction was recorded in 24% (n=24), of which 87.5% (n=21) of patients had markers of atopy (p≤0.05). In children with concomitant allergic burden and a decrease in FEV1, reversibility of obstruction was detected in 48.4% (n=15) of cases (p≤0.05). It was revealed that in patients with the presence of atopy markers and a decrease in FEV1≤80%, reversibility of obstruction occurs 42.8% more often compared to the group of patients with a normal level of FEV1 (p≤0.05).Conclusions. The vast majority of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (n=63) have markers of atopy, mainly due to an isolated increase in total IgE in the blood serum (p≤0.05). A decrease in FEV1≤80% in children with allergies was detected 14.2% more often compared to the group of children without it (p≤0.05). In the vast majority of patients with an allergic phenotype, reversibility of obstruction was observed after a test with a bronchodilator. Thus, all patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia and the presence of atopy markers are recommended to undergo a test with a bronchodilator, and if reversibility of obstruction is detected, it is advisable to add a bronchodilator drug to therapy.
DETERMINATION OF VISIT PATIENTS OF HYPERTENSION PANDEMIC PERIOD AT BRAWIJAYA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL PATIENT VISITS OF HYPERTENSION IN PANDEMIC PERIOD
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Andarini Sri , Hanggara Dian , Setijowati Nanik
Published: May 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates a continuous increase in the number of hypertension cases alongside the expanding population. It is projected that approximately 29%, or around 1.6 billion people worldwide, will be afflicted with hypertension by 2025. The findings of the 2018 Riskesdas survey reveal a prevalence of hypertension in the population aged > 18 years based on national measurements, standing at 34.11%. This represents a 9% surge from the 2013 Riskesdas data, which recorded a prevalence of 25.8%. East Java Province ranks seventh with a prevalence rate of 36.32%, surpassing the national average. In the pursuit of hypertension control, it has been integrated into the Preventive Efforts of the Healthy Indonesia Family Approach Programs (PIS-PK) under point 7, mandating continuous monitoring of hypertension status for family members with a history of hypertension. This study aims to identify determinant factors associated with enhanced services and visits for hypertension patients at Universitas Brawijaya Hospital in Malang amidst the pandemic. This study employs an observational analytic design, aiming to analyze the relationship between education level and medication adherence among hypertension patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Temporally, this research adopts a cross-sectional approach, where both dependent and independent variable data are collected simultaneously. The study was conducted at Brawijaya University Malang, utilizing data from hypertensive patients who visited the hospital between March 2020 and March 2022. Logistic regression analysis with α = 0.05 will be employed for analytical purposes. The variable most strongly associated with hypertension patient visits is insurance ownership, exhibiting a Chi-Square value of 26.716. Additionally, the age variable demonstrates a correlation with patient visits, with a Chi-Square value of 4.312. The corresponding P-values for insurance ownership (p = 0.000) and age (p = 0.038) indicate a significant relationship between insurance ownership, age, and patients' motivation to seek healthcare. The determinant factors that positively influence hypertensive patient visits during the pandemic at Brawijaya University Hospital are insurance ownership and age. On the other hand, gender, regional affordability, and occupation exert a lesser impact on patient visits.
ASSOCIATION OF KNOWLEDGE WITH EATING HABITS AND BODY MASS INDEX AS THE RISK FACTORS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN MALANG
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Halim Angie , Zuhriyah Lilik , Setijowati Nanik
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus in Indonesia, especially in Malang, is still common. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by an increased blood glucose levels and can cause complications in various organs. Risk factors for diabetes mellitus consist of modifiable and non-modifiable factors. The level of knowledge related to diabetes mellitus played a role in the prevention of disease complications. Poor eating habits and lack of physical activity can increase BMI and blood sugar levels. This study aimed to find a relationship between knowledge with eating habits and body mass index as risk factors for diabetes mellitus in Malang. This analytical observational study used a cross sectional study design. The sample in the study amounted to 212 individuals consisting of health cadres, village officials, internal staff of Brawijaya University, and the community who were in the environmental network of village officials and health cadres of Malang City. The research instruments used were DKQ-24 and the 2018 riskesdas eating habits modification questionnaire. The results showed that of the 212 respondents, most had moderate knowledge levels (n=156), moderate eating habits (n=124), and abnormal BMI (n=143). Data analysis showed that there was no relationship between knowledge about diabetes mellitus and eating habits (p=0.629), knowledge about diabetes mellitus and body mass index (p=0.709), eating habits and body mass index (p=0.401). The conclusion of this study is that there was no relationship between knowledge and eating habits and body mass index in Malang.
Exploration of Dementia Help Seeking Behaviours Amongst UK South Asian Communities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wijesinghe Shashya , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta B.
Published: May 2024

In the UK, 25,000 people from ethnic minority background live with dementia. Although dementia associated risk factors are common amongst South Asians, they tend to present at services later and when in crisis. This review explores UK South Asian communities perception of dementia to understand factors impacting their decision to seek help. Search terms assisted by the PICO strategy were inputted into five databases and ten qualitative papers identified. Meta-ethnography methodological framework was implemented for analysis. Four overarching understandings were identified: unfamiliarity with dementia (related to carers initial interpretation of dementia symptoms as normal ageing), cultural expectations to provide care (influenced by communities believes), services not being able to meet cultural needs impacted carers from seeking help and protective factors (religion and community belonging appear to help carers manage their needs). Carers decisions to seek help from dementia services were often influenced by cultural norms and negative experiences of services. They, consequently, turned to alternative approaches to best suit meet their needs. Understanding South Asian’s carers dementia help seeking behaviour would help services adapt and cater appropriately for service users’ needs.
Advances in Managing Infections in Lung Transplantation: A Review
Authors: Chakravorty Shourjo , Patel Ashka
Published: May 2024

Transplanted lung allografts are particularly susceptible to infection among SOT due to the constant exposure to the environment, aggressive immunosuppressive strategies, and impaired clearance mechanisms after denervation of the transplanted lung. Though prophylactic antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral regimens are used as preventive strategies to mitigate the risk of infection, complications related to allograft infection remain one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Here we will review the common bacterial, viral, and fungal complications after lung transplantation, and discuss some newer agents and treatment strategies that have been implemented recently.
A Proposed Decision-Making Framework for the Translation of In-Person Clinical Care to Digital Care: Tutorial
Authors: DeLaRosby Anna , Mulcahy Julie , Norwood Todd
Published: May 2024

The continued demand for digital health requires that providers adapt thought processes to enable sound clinical decision-making in digital settings. Providers report that lack of training is a barrier to providing digital health care. Physical examination techniques and hands-on interventions must be adjusted in safe, reliable, and feasible ways to provide digital care, and decision-making may be impacted by modifications made to these techniques. We have proposed a framework to determine whether a procedure can be modified to obtain a comparable result in a digital environment or whether a referral to in-person care is required. The decision-making framework was developed using program outcomes of a digital physical therapy platform and aims to alleviate barriers to delivering digital care that providers may experience. This paper describes the unique considerations a provider must make when collecting background information, selecting and executing procedures, assessing results, and determining whether they can proceed with clinical care in digital settings.
Identifying unmet needs of dementia caregivers in clinical practice: A user-centered development of a digital assessment (Preprint)
Authors: Klein Olga A. , Thyrian Jochen René , Boekholt Melanie , Lindner Matthias , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Teipel Stefan J. , Kilimann Ingo
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Despite the increasing interventions to support family caregivers of people with dementia, service planning and delivery is still not effective.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was therefore to develop a digitally supported needs assessment for family caregivers of people with dementia that is feasible, time-efficient, understood by users, and can be self-completed in the primary care setting.

METHODS

The development of the unmet needs assessment was part of a cluster-randomised, controlled trial examining the effectiveness of a digitally supported care management programme to reduce unmet needs of family caregivers of people with dementia (GAIN) and was conducted in three phases. Using an iterative participatory approach with caregivers, healthcare professionals including general practitioners, neurologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, nurses, and Alzheimer Society representatives, we developed a digital self-completion unmet needs assessment focusing on caregivers’ biopsychosocial health und quality of life in connection to their caregiver responsibilities. Data were collected via group discussions, written feedback, protocols, think-aloud protocols, and interviews, and analysed thematically.

RESULTS

Data from informal caregivers (n=18), healthcare professionals and Alzheimer Society representatives (n=9) were collected. Thematic analysis identified two main themes: Content of the assessment and usability/handling of the digital tablet-based assessment. The feedback provided by the stakeholders led to new aspects and changes of the assessment to make it comprehensive, easy to read and to handle. The overall completion time was reduced from initial 37 to 18 minutes, which renders the assessment fit to be self-completed in waiting rooms of primary care practices or other settings.

CONCLUSIONS

The input of the three stakeholder groups has supported the development of the assessment ensuring that all aspects considered important were covered and understood and the completion of the assessment was time-efficient and practically feasible. Further validation of the assessment will be performed with the data generated as part of the GAIN trial.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04037501.
A patient-centered outpatient process optimization system based on intelligent guidance: evidence from a large tertiary hospital in China. (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Zhang Rujia , Gao Zhihong , Xia Mengxuan , Zhang Songjia , Zheng Geli , Zhu Yuyang , Jin Haojie , Zheng Manman , Chen Chun
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

In China's large tertiary hospitals, time spent in outpatient service can often be characterized as “three long and one short” (long registration time, long waiting time, long time for medicine collection, and short time for medical treatment), which results in patients having a poor medical experience.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to implement a “patient-centered” principle in our hospital, through the design and application of an intelligent indoor guidance system that would operate throughout the whole process of outpatient services, to shorten patient waiting times and improve patient satisfaction.

METHODS

We used Internet and big data application technology to design an intelligent indoor navigation system to improve the delivery of medical services and reduce patient waiting times. To compare the effects before and after the launch of the system, we retrospectively analyzed the waiting, consultation, and examination times of outpatients in our hospital from 2019 to 2022. Patient satisfaction was surveyed in 2021 and 2022.

RESULTS

The results showed that the waiting time was shortened from 41.14 minutes in 2019 to 38.30 minutes in 2021, the waiting time for examination decreased from 47.83 minutes in 2019 to 44.48 minutes in 2022, and the consultation time was extended from 2.85 minutes in 2019 to 3.43 minutes in 2022. Overall patient satisfaction improved, from 89.99% in 2021 to 92.72% in 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

Through continuous transformation and upgrading of the outpatient service process centered on patients, the efficiency of outpatient services and patient satisfaction improved. Therefore, the patient-centered principle method and process integration concepts for the system can be further promoted and implemented.
Judicial Determination of Manifest Unfairness in a Contract—Taking Mr. Bao's Contract Dispute Protest Case As an Entry Point
Authors: Zhu Yue
Published: May 2024

In practice, there are still differences in the judicial judgement of manifest injustice, the differences between the single element theory and the double element theory have not been completely eliminated after the promulgation and implementation of The Civil Code, and the practice of circumventing the double element by "non-general contract" has been developed, and there are also differences in the judicial application of the judgement of "serious imbalance of interests" and the choice of the point of time for judgement. The judgement of "serious imbalance of interests" and the choice of the point of time for judgement are also subject to divergence in judicial application. The judiciary should fully respect the principle of freedom of contract, maintain modesty in determining manifest injustice, adhere to situational judgement, abide by the principle of double materiality in the content of the judgement, and adopt a hierarchical thinking in the logic of the judgement.
Grammatical Metaphor in the C-E Translation of Jing Ye Si
Authors: Zhao Chen
Published: May 2024

In translation, translators are often confronted with the choice between congruent form and metaphorical form, which is closely correlated with grammatical metaphor theory in systemic functional linguistics. This paper attempts to apply grammatical metaphor theory to Jing Ye Si and its seven translations to assess poetry translation quality and provide guidance for translators from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics. It strives to elucidate the grammatical metaphor in the C-E translation of Jing Ye Si and the way to evaluate its seven translations via grammatical metaphor. In this context, six steps brought forward by Huang Guowen (2004) are taken in the functional discourse analysis of Jing Ye Si and its seven translations. After elaborating the characteristics of the seven translations, the study evaluates their overall translation quality. According to functional equivalence to the source text, the translations of Xu Yuanchong and Amy Lowell outperform other translations. In translation practice, translators are advised to choose between the congruent form and metaphorical form based on the context, original author, target readers, aesthetic value, translation purpose, and so on. Essentially, it is necessary to manipulate the transitivity system, mood system, modality system, and Theme system to realize the equivalence of the translations to the source text in terms of ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions.
IMPLEMENTING “BUNDLED INTERVENTIONS” IN REDUCING SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGERY FOR GYNECOLOGICAL INDICATIONS – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: DEWAN PUJA JAIN , PILANIA RASHMI , SINGH MONIKA , ROHINI
Published: May 2024

Objective: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common infection among surgical patients. This study evaluated the impact of bundled interventions in reducing SSI rates in gynecological surgery. Therefore, it is a vital tool to improve patient safety.
Methods: One hundred study participants were taken in the tertiary care hospital and divided into Group I and Group II. In Group I, 50 patients were involved in elective OT with bundled interventions, and in Group II, 50 controls operated in identical OT without bundled intervention. Incidence of SSI, type of SSI, antibiotic usage, need for secondary suturing, duration, etc., was noticed.
Results: Our findings showed that six out of fifty cases developed the symptoms with a 10% SSI rate. Two had superficial SSI, and three had deep SSI. None of the patients had organ space SSI. In the control group, the SSI rate was 12%. The bundled intervention was associated with a significant reduction in infection rate.
Conclusion: The study indicates that SSIs are associated with severe morbidity and mortality. It is a straightforward, feasible approach to the reduction of the SSI rate.
TO EVALUATE THE INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND COMPARED IT WITH NORMAL HEALTHY CONTROLS
Authors: KAUR JASWANT , SHWETA  , SHARMA MOHIT , SEEMA  , SHAIKH MOHAMMED NADEEM
Published: May 2024

Objective :To evaluate the serum levels of Interleukin -6, Tissue Necrosis factor – α, C- reactive Protein  ( IL-6, TNF- α , CRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Population
 Method: A total of 200 participants were selected in this study among them 100 were recruited as Cases who were suffering from T2DM and 100 were healthy controls. Biochemical parameters were analyzed by fully autoanalyser. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α ,CRP and IL-6  were estimated by ELISA . Data was analyzed using statistical ‘software SPSS 15. TheP<0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Result:  in our study we observed that serum levels of candidate cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6 and  CRP were highly significant (p<0.001) in T2DM as compared to healthy control. Fasting blood sugar, HbA1c and lipid profile parameters were recorded highly significant (p<0.001) in T2DM as compared to normal healthy controls.
Conclusion: Inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Hence, these cytokines can be used as early prediction biomarkers which may be helpful in the reduction of mortality rate of T2DM.
THE EVALUATION OF PATTERN OF WHOLE BLOOD DONOR DEFERRALS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER OF NORTH INDIA
Authors: BASSI RAJNI , SINGAL POONAM , KAUR LIVELEEN , KAPOOR URVASHI , BANSAL SUKRITI
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Donor recruitment is critical to the supply of safe and adequate blood/blood components to meet patient’s need; the first and most crucial step to provide safe blood is proper selection of blood donors. Blood donor selection criteria are designed to ensure the donor as well as the recipient’s health. The objective of this study is to analyze the various causes of donor deferral, study their frequency pattern and to suggest changes to retain and retrieve donors in future. Methods: A retrospective study on analysis of deferred donors of whole blood was conducted in a blood center at tertiary care hospital in North India. The study included blood donors deferred from January 2022 to December 2022. Results: A total of 27,121 donors were registered for whole blood donation and 4534 (16.71%) were deferred. Female deferral (41.67%) was more as compared to male deferral (15.11%). Temporary deferrals (n=4238 [93.47%]) were significantly higher than permanent deferrals (n=296 [6.5%]). The most common reason for temporary deferral was anemia (n = 940 [20.7%]) while that for permanent deferral was jaundice (n=179 [3.94%]). Conclusion: Analyzing the causes, frequency and deferral pattern of blood donors will help to guide the recruitment and retention efforts to maintain a healthy donor pool at large.
EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY OF FLUPIRTINE MALEATE VERSUS DICLOFENAC IN MECHANICAL LOW BACK PAIN – A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: R RAMYA , S RAJARAM , V LEENA RANJINI , S NATHIYA
Published: May 2024

Objective: Low back pain (LBW) is one of the most common reasons for adults visiting orthopedic outpatient clinics in our country. The objective of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of flupirtine, a selective neuronal potassium channel opener, with diclofenac, a widely used NSAIDs analgesic, in patients with mechanical LBW (MLBP).
Methods: This prospective, open-labeled, and randomized comparative clinical study included 100 patients with MLBP for more than 6 weeks. Fifty patients received flupirtine 100 mg, and 50 patients received diclofenac 100 mg for 7 days. Follow-up was done on day 8 and day 30. Assessments of functional improvement by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), pain relief by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and Pain Relief Rate (PRR) were recorded. Safety and tolerability were also assessed. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Paired student t-tests.
Results: VAS, NRS, and ODI scores were assessed for each visit (0, 1, and 2), and PRR was assessed on visits 1 and 2. VAS (p<0.05), NRS (p<0.05) scores, and sustained effect after stoppage of the drug were found to be better in the flupirtine group compared to the diclofenac group. Flupirtine was well tolerated. More patients reported adverse events in diclofenac than in the flupirtine group.
Conclusion: Flupirtine may have a superior sustained effect compared to diclofenac in MLBP.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MEDICATED CHEWING GUM OF TERBUTALINE SULFATE FOR THE ASTHAMATIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: MISHRA SHWETA , SHAH SUNIL KUMAR , BK DUBEY
Published: May 2024

Objective: This experiment aimed to improve the bioavailability of terbutaline sulfate by formulating it as medicated chewing gum.
Methods: By employing zein as the gum foundation and the melting process, chewing gum was created with the desired outcome.
Results: All formulations had thicknesses ranging from 3.61 to 3.68 mm in the lateral direction and from 5.22 to 5.41 mm in the longitudinal direction. All formulations had hardness values between 3.1 and 3.4 kg/cm2. All formulations had weight variations between 1.6% and 2.1%. All of the formulations had the same quantity of medication, which varied between 95.2 and 96.9%. Drug release from terbutaline sulfate chewing gum (TCGs) in simulated saliva (pH 6.8 buffer solution) was investigated by examining the samples up to a half-hour later. It was discovered that the drug release from the formulations ranged from 64.28 to 89.56% in 30 min.
Conclusion: The release of the medication was reduced when the gum basis (zein) content in the formulations was increased. It was discovered that, after 30 min, TCG1 emitted the most proportion of terbutaline sulfate. As a result, it may be regarded as the finest formulation available.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS SELF-MEDICATION FOR VARIOUS CONDITIONS AMONG MEDICAL, PARAMEDICAL, AND NON-MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: MISHRA POOJA SOLANKI , MORE SAPNA , GUPTA KAMAYANI , RASTOGI DEEPTI , VIGNAN NARLAPATI
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The objectives of the study are to assess the knowledge about self-medication and factors influencing the use of self-medication among 2nd year medical, paramedical, and non-medical students.
Methods: A cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted among 520 students of medical, physiotherapy, nursing, and engineering courses. Students were given a pre-structured questionnaire in e form/physical forms. The responses were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: It was found that 63% of students followed self-medication, among which 41% took medication from a chemist. Analgesic and antipyretic (31.8%) followed by cough and cold (23%) medication were the most common group for self-medication.
Conclusion: Self-medication is seen more commonly in medical students, especially the hosteller group. The most common reason for self-medication is the easy availability of drugs and the absence of strict regulations.
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF HYBRID SIMULATION IN ENHANCING THE LEARNING DOMAINS OF MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATES: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: ROY REGINA , RAVI INDLA , C THANGAM
Published: May 2024

Objectivs: Medical education, crucial for understanding physiological processes and clinical application, faces limitations in traditional methods. Simulation-based training addresses this gap, providing a secure environment for hands-on skill practice. The objectives of the study are to (1) evaluate the impact of simulation on enhancing the learning domains of medical undergraduates and (2) gauge students’ perceptions of simulation based medical education (SBME) through a pre-validated, pre-designed questionnaire.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study, involving 60 medical undergraduates, selected by convenient sampling. The study began after obtaining approval from the Institutional Human Ethics Committee and obtaining informed consent from students. A pre-test was conducted for all 60 students followed by a lecture on simulation and then a post-test. The students were then divided into two groups: Group A – SBME using part-task trainers and standardized patients and Group B – (non-SBME) with video lectures on simulation. After 1 month, an assessment of all domains, namely cognitive, affective, and psychomotor, was done by post-test and objective structured clinical examination, respectively. Perception was obtained using the pre-validated questionnaire.
Results: The assessment scores of all domains of Group A (SBME) showed significant improvement p<0.05 except cognitive domain.
Conclusion: SBME is an effective teaching method for improving the learning domains of medical undergraduates.
Contextual Demographics of Ecole Technique Officiels (ETOs) and Ecole Agroveternaires (EAVEs) in the Rwandan TVET System
Authors:   Mwangi Maringa Maina Maringa Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Building Sciences, Jomo Kenya University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000 – 00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Maringa Mwangi , Maringa Maina
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, a review of the status in the year 2008 of the contextual match of schools and numbers of teachers in selected ETOs and EAVs in Rwanda is presented. It was noted that most of the ETOs and EAVs then required substantial improvements in this demography attribute of the fit-for-purpose quality indicator in order to support quality in the delivery of TVET education. Suggestions are made in the chapter on the need then to strategically invest in the existing ETOs in accordance with their respective identified contextual locales and program areas of strength, given the common budgetary constraints existing at the time. This, it is noted, however, needed to be balanced against the need to ensure equitable spatial access to all TVET programs being run in the country. Planning for the ETOs and EAVs was observed to be severely lacking with respect to staff: student ratios and inclusiveness of the female gender student and staff population at the time, a fact that could, for starters, have been addressed through the development of well-targeted master plans for the institutions. This underlined the need to develop a rationale to guide the recruitment of teachers with relevance to the programs being mounted in respective ETOs. It is observed in the chapter that a lot needed to be done with respect to ensuring that there was a sufficient complement of teachers and students with a suitable gender balance.
Influence of Father Bonding and Childhood Trauma on the Quality of Life of Emerging Adults
Authors:   Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Kerala, India, K. V. Shemila
Published: May 2024

This study examined the influence of father bonding and childhood trauma on the quality of life (QoL)of emerging adults. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant interaction between father bonding and childhood trauma on the QoL of emerging adults. Participants of the study consisted of 200 adults aged between 18 and 25 from the Kozhikode and Malappuram districts of Kerala. The Parental Bonding Instrument, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and QoL Questionnaire were used to collect information from the participants. Two-way ANOVA (4x4) was carried out to test the hypotheses. Results revealed that emotional abuse and emotional neglect significantly influence the QoL. Those participants who reported no emotional abuse and emotional neglect reported greater QoL when compared to participants subjected to severe or moderate levels of emotional abuse and emotional neglect. Father bonding also showed a significant influence on QoL. Those participants who had an affectionate father reported greater QoL. We also tried to explore the interaction effect among the varia
Backward Design: An Approach to the Professional Development of School Leaders
Authors:   Institute of Teaching Education Campus Gaya, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, Lu Wong Shiat
Published: May 2024

Influential leaders are one of the essential elements to achieving the goals of school transformation. Optimizing the ability of school leaders requires opportunities to practice what they have learned from the training module of the School Transformation Program 2025 (TS25). Since the results of the school’s achievements can convince the community to support and cooperate with the school, the researcher adopted an approach known as the backward design as a model for the professional development of school leaders. First, however, the researcher needs to examine the feasibility and appropriateness of this approach. Therefore, the researcher conducted a School Leaders Perception Study (SLPS) through a questionnaire to survey 225 leaders’ perceptions of 82 Kota Kinabalu district schools about implementing the TS25 program in Malaysia. This survey was administered through a google form to gauge school leaders’ acceptance level of TS25 program implementation. It also aims to identify the need for selfdevelopment among school leaders, which they usually implement through best practice sharing. In addition, the researcher also studied the willingness of school leaders to implement TS25 partnerships targeted at the community through the questionnaire. After determining the reliability of the SLPS questionnaire, the results of descriptive analysis showed that Kota Kinabalu district school leaders strongly agreed with school transformation implemented according to the school context. Most of them also agree that partnership implementation is a valuable learning opportunity in professional development. The findings also indicate that targeted TS25 partnerships with the community should begin from the results of existing school achievements. Therefore, the researcher suggests a backward design approach as an innovative approach for school leaders’ professional development.
A Theoretical Framework Lance on Consumer Studies Teacher Effectiveness, PCK and SCK in the Classroom
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Science & Business Education, Faculty of Humanities, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa, Neo Mafa-Theledi Olivia
Published: May 2024

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and Subject Content Knowledge (SCK) plays a vital role in teaching in the classroom. In the teaching and learning process, a PCK involves teachers’ competence in delivering the conceptual approach, relational understanding, and adaptive reasoning of the subject matter. The aim of this chapter is to explore the PCK and SCK teachers in teaching in the classroom. The common characteristics of these effective teachers who applied PCK and SCK during their classroom teaching. A broad understanding of curriculum aims and objectives, have high expectations of all learners; knowing learners well; providing effective feedback; recognizing learner success; having sound PCK and SCK evaluation of progress. Learners learn best when the subject content is pitched or focused on the level of understanding of learner’s level. Evidence provided in this chapter based on the past literature. The study recommends that without full grasp of PCK and SCK, teachers may face difficulty in teaching the subject effectively
Challenges Experienced by Teachers in the Implementation of Inclusive Education at Mapela Circuit in South Africa
Authors:   Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa, Chauke Mabusha Lischen , Mokgosi Patricia Namayammu , Mthembu Jane Tozama
Published: May 2024

The goal of this study was to investigate the challenges experienced by primary school teachers in the implementation of inclusive education at Mapela Circuit, Limpopo Province. An interpretive qualitative case study was used to investigate the research problem. Twenty primary school teachers were purposively selected as a sample. Data were gathered using semistructured interviews. Data The data was thematically analyzed. Findings indicated challenges such as teachers’ lack of skill for accommodating learner diversity, the shortage of resources, large classes, and limited time, compromising the management and accommodation of learners experiencing additional support needs in the classroom, implying that inclusive education is not effectively implemented in schools. The screening, identification, assessment, and support provision (SIAS) strategy is not understood, enforced, or implemented in schools.
Prevalence of Dyscalculia: Grade 10 Learners in Secondary Schools
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Science & Business Education, Faculty of Humanities, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa, Casey Tibane Carlit , Neo Mafa-Theledi Olivia
Published: May 2024

A high number of Grade 10 learners in secondary schools tend to break away from mathematics, as reported by the South African Institute of Race Relations, and some schools no longer offer mathematics. This is due to a lack of awareness and instruments to determine the prevalence of dyscalculia among Grade 10 Mathematics learners. This chapter aimed to determine the prevalence of dyscalculia among Grade 10 learners in two Soshanguve Secondary Schools. The paper-based Dyscalculia standardized test was used to determine the prevalence of dyscalculia among Grade 10 learners. This standardized test was used to determine the prevalence of dyscalculia on language ability, visuospatial ability, cognitive ability, numeracy, and mathematical operational signs. Seventy-four Grade 10 learners of the two Soshanguve Secondary Schools participated in the administration of the paper-based Dyscalculia standardized test. Five (5) of the learners (6.75 percent) out of the seventy-four were found to have language ability, Visual-Spatial ability, and cognition problems. These learners were the learners determined/diagnosed as pure Dyscalculics. This study recommends that the paperbased standardized dyscalculia test be used in secondary schools to assess the prevalence of dyscalculia among Grade 10 learners.
Alert System for Emergency State of Vehicle Users
Authors: Singh Rahul
Published: May 2024

Abstract: One of the main reasons for road collisions is over-speeding. The sharp rise in traffic accidents is currently one of the main causes of human deaths. The worth of human life is above all other factors, and providing immediate assistance is more important than lending a hand help. If emergency personnel had been able to get accident reports and get there in time, more lives might have been saved. When it comes to saving lives, the time it takes from the moment of the accident until the ambulance arrives at the scene is critical. We can reduce the time between an accident occurring and a medical ambulance being dispatched to the scene by lowering death rates. Today, GPS is a crucial part of a vehicle's system. The accelerometer senses a quick shift in the axles of the vehicle. It will be evaluated by Arduino. The warning message and its position are sent to the police control room or a rescue team by the Arduino using the GSM module. Therefore, once they get the information, the authorities can use the GPS module to trace the location automatically. The appropriate action will be carried out after the location has been verified
Sleeping Stage Classification Using CNN
Authors: S Lydia Pradeepa
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Maintaining proper health and mental stability is critical for overall health and well-being. Despite a good deal of research investment, sleep quality continues to be a crucial public challenge. Nowadays, people of all age groups are affected by improper sleep quality. Poor sleep can lead to a variety of neurological disorders. Sleep disorders are common in all subsets of the population, independently of gender. This public health challenge greatly affects quality of life in terms of both physical and mental health. Insomnia, parasomnias, sleep- related breathing difficulties, hypersomnia, bruxism, narcolepsy, and circadian rhythm disorders are some common examples of sleep-related disorders. Some of these disorders can be treated with proper analysis of early symptoms; in such cases, adequate sleep quality is essential for the patient’s recovery. Artificial intelligence has several applications in sleep medicine including sleep and respiratory event scoring in the sleep laboratory, diagnosing and managing sleepdisorders, and population health. While still in its nascent stage, there are several challenges which preclude AI’s generalizability and wide-reaching clinical applications. Artificial intelligence is a powerful tool in healthcare that may improve patient care, enhance diagnostic abilities, and augment the management of sleep disorders. However, there is a need to regulate and standardize existing machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithm prior to its inclusion in the sleep clinic. In this project, we can develop the framework for sleeping stage classification for both subjective data and ECG data and classify the data using Convolutional neural network algorithm to analyse the multiple sleeping stages.
Pioneering Dermatological Disease Detection with CNNs
Authors: Samalla Dr. Krishna
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Skin cancer poses a significant public health concern globally, with its incidence steadily rising. Early and accurate detection plays a pivotal role in improving patient outcomes and survival rates. With leveraging advancements in deep learning, this project explores the efficacy of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in automating the classification and detection of skin cancer from dermatoscopic images. The methodology employed in this project involves the development and optimization of a CNN architecture tailored for skin cancer analysis. The proposed model harnesses the hierarchical feature learning capabilities of CNN to automatically extract intricate patterns and discriminative features from dermatoscopic images, enabling accurate differentiation among various skin lesion types, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and benign nevi. In addition to classification, the developed CNN architecture integrates a lesion detection mechanism. This auxiliary functionality enables the identification and delineation of potentially cancerous regions within skin lesions. The proposed model’s detection capabilities are evaluated through bounding box prediction and segmentation masks, exhibit notable performance in localizing suspicious areas, aiding dermatologists in targeted examinations. With the help of this project, we can prevent the cause of damage to skin at an early stage.
ResumeCraft: A Machine Learning-powered Web Platform for Resume Building
Authors: Shivhare Kratika
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The competitive job market necessitates well-crafted resumes that resonate with both human recruiters and Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS). This paper introduces ResumeCraft, a web-based platform empowering users to build strong resumes and optimize them for ATS compatibility. ResumeCraft leverages Machine Learning (ML) for data analysis and user guidance, while the user interface is built with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and JavaScript for a user-friendly experience. The system allows users to input their personal and professional details through a series of form fields, and provides a real-time preview of the resume design as the user inputs their data. The resume generator uses JavaScript to dynamically populate the preview with the user's input, and allows users to select from a range of pre-designed templates and color schemes to customize the look and feel of their resume. It processes the user input and generates a downloadable Portable Document Format (PDF) of the final resume. The platform analyzes user-provided information through ML models, offering suggestions on skill extraction, keyword matching, and action verb usage. This combination empowers users to create impactful resumes that are more likely to pass through ATS filters and reach human reviewers.
Soil Structure Interaction of R.C. Building with Basement Resting on Pile Raft Foundation
Authors: Kapuriya Mr. Ankur
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Historically, Basements or underground stories were built in a castle to use as a dunged on oar store room. However, in modern construction, the restrain to go deeper below the grade level in term so basements which can be utilized for parking, shopping mall or combination of both. In such cases, dynamic soil properties have a significant effect of activating dynamic soil structure interaction phenomena on during earthquake. Here in present study an effort is made to study the behavior of a building by varying number so basements considering dynamic soil structure interaction. Issues like considering higher frequency modes, influence zone to be considered for dynamic soil structure interaction, behavior of building with basements under different water level conditions for two different types of layered soil and their comparison with fixed based structure is deal with. It is observed that dynamic soil structure interaction can significant change the behavior of the building and hence it is recommended to perform dynamic soil structure interaction for building with multiple basements. In addition, some important recommendations are provided at the end to serve as a guide for researchers and practicing engineers.
Probability Driven Double-Edge Triggered Multibit Flip Flop and Clock Gating Integration
Authors: Krishna K. Sai
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The project delves into the using of Double Edge-Triggered Multi-Bit Flip-Flops (DETMBFFs) alongside Data Driven Clock Gating (DDCG) techniques to bolster power efficiency in digital circuit designs. DETMBFFs enable the data Capture on Both Up and Down Swings of a clock, optimizing throughput while conserving power. By grouping multiple flip-flops and employing a shared clock driver, DETMBFFs minimize redundant clock signals and reduce energy usage. The integration of DDCG selectively disables clock signals based on data activity, further enhancing power efficiency. A novel algorithm, grounded in the ratio of the data to clock toggling and probability-driven grouping of flip-flops within DETMBFFs, is developed to optimize power consumption. Through implementation using Xilinx software tool, the combined approach achieves remarkable power savings ranging from 17% to 23%. This creative approach not only enhances power efficiency but also maintains design integrity,making it a compelling solution for low-power design challenges in digital systems.
Herbal Hair Serum
Authors: Tupe Harshratna H.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Cosmetics have gained significant popularity in the daily lives of many individuals, who often use a variety of products to enhance their beauty and elegance, with the aim of achieving a youthful and charming appearance. It is safe to say that cosmetics play a crucial role in human life. In recent times, herbal cosmetics have become increasingly popular due to the perception that they offer fewer side effects and are a safer option. [1] Hair is a fundamental aspect of an individual’s identity, and as such, it is crucial to maintain it through the use of various beauty products. In this regard, it is worth nothing that herbal formulations have demonstrated superior efficacy compared to synthetic ones while exhibiting minimal or no side effects. As such, herbal remedies represent a valuable alternative in hair care, especially for individuals with a proclivity for adverse reactions to conventional hair care products. [2] Promoting hair growth and preventing hair loss is a crucial aspect of hair care. Herbal dyes have been a popular choice among individuals, thanks to their minimal side effects and impeccable safety record. Recently, a study was conducted to develop an herbal hair serum using a variety of sauces for general hair treatment. The resultant oil was subjected to a thorough analysis, including assessments of its organoleptic properties, acid value, saponification value, viscosity, pH, and other parameters. The findings indicated that all criteria were met and fell within the accepted guidelineS