bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recommendations From the Professional Advisory Committee on Nursing Practice in the Care of ECMO–Supported Patients
Authors: Melnikov Semyon , Furmanov Alex , Gololobov Alik , Atrash Muhammad , Broyer Chaya , Gelkop Marta , Gezunterman Slava , David Tova , Eisenberg Limor , Kadry Esam , Nave Ruti , Shalom Edna , Shoval Noga , Traytel Gregory , Zaid Nagah , Goldberg Shoshy , Vardi Amir
Published: February 2021

Background

By July 2020, the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization had documented more than 133 000 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) implementations, with more than 61 000 implementations in adult patients. No clear policies regarding the authority and responsibility of nursing staff in the treatment of ECMO-supported patients are currently available.

Objective

To formulate evidence-based recommendations for nursing care of ECMO-supported patients.

Methods

The National Head Nurse’s office and the Professional Guidelines Department in the Nursing Division of Israel’s Ministry of Health formed the Professional Advisory Committee on Nursing Practice in the Care of ECMO-Supported Patients to address concerns regarding the current state of professional nursing practice in the care of these patients. The Professional Advisory Committee brought together 15 senior Israeli ECMO nursing experts who explored the potential of registered nurses in caring for ECMO-supported patients, considered the competencies of nurses treating ECMO-supported patients, discussed training programs and health care policy, and examined nursing outcomes for quality assurance.

Results

The Professional Advisory Committee formulated recommendations regarding the following priority issues: (1) determining boundaries of professional authority and nurses’ responsibilities, including designated activities for different professional ranks of registered nurses; (2) providing appropriate content for the training programs offered, such as generic/basic, above-basic, and clinical specialization nursing programs; and (3) defining relevant quality measures for nursing treatment of ECMO-supported patients.

Conclusions

Introducing international standards would ensure the safety and effectiveness of nursing care for ECMO-supported patients through quality and risk management and establishment of new evidence-based nursing practices.
Pediatric Otolaryngology Training Program and Surgical Exposure in Western Province, Saudi Arabia; Toward Surgical Competency in Pediatric Otolaryngology
Authors: Al-khatib T. , Alsheef H. A.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: King Abdulaziz University, in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia, in collaboration with King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, has had a pediatric otolaryngology fellowship program in place since 2013, but no clear competency surgical caseload has been identified. Objective: To review the surgical load at the otolaryngology department in Saudi Arabia and to compare the currently implemented fellowship program with international standards. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed in King Abdulaziz University (KAU) hospital and King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University hospital. The number of otolaryngology surgeries was collected from the hospitals’ medical records for all patients <18 years who underwent surgical interventions from 2013 to 2018. The data collected were compared with the accreditation council for graduate medical education (ACGME) international benchmarks. Results: The average annual number of procedures performed versus benchmarks were 10.2 Vs. 20 for congenital anomalies procedures (p=0.003), 15.7 Vs. 12 for head and neck surgeries (p=0.231), 3.4 Vs. 30 for otology procedures (p<0.001), 11.8 Vs. 5 for closed airway procedures for children<3 years (p=0.088), 16.8 Vs. 5 for endoscopic airway procedures for children>3 years (p<0.001), 9.4 Vs. 8 for open airway procedures (p=0.439), 172.2 Vs. 50 for endoscopic interventions (p=0.006), 34.6Vs. 40 for rhinology procedures (p=0.189) and 2.8 Vs. 5 for facial plastic surgeries (p<0.001). Conclusion: The number of surgical endoscopic airway procedures and head and neck surgeries meets the international benchmarks, whereas procedures of congenital anomalies, otology, rhinology and facial plastics do not meet the international benchmarks within a single year, so a reduction of the two-year fellowship to one year would not be appropriate.
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Effector Function Is an Intrinsic Cell Property That Can Be Augmented by the Metabolic Cofactor α-Ketoglutarate
Authors: Howson Lauren J. , Li Jasmine , von Borstel Anouk , Barugahare Adele , Mak Jeffrey Y. W. , Fairlie David P. , McCluskey James , Turner Stephen J. , Davey Martin S. , Rossjohn Jamie
Published: February 2021

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like population of unconventional T cells that respond rapidly to microbial metabolite Ags or cytokine stimulation. Because of this reactivity and surface expression of CD45RO+, CD45RA−, and CD127+, they are described as effector memory cells. Yet, there is heterogeneity in MAIT cell effector response. It is unclear what factors control MAIT cell effector capacity, whether it is fixed or can be modified and if this differs based on whether activation is TCR dependent or independent. To address this, we have taken a systematic approach to examine human MAIT cell effector capacity across healthy individuals in response to ligand and cytokine stimulation. We demonstrate the heterogenous nature of MAIT cell effector capacity and that the ability to produce an effector response is not directly attributable to TCR clonotype or coreceptor expression. Global gene transcription analysis revealed that the MAIT cell effector capacity produced in response to TCR stimulation is associated with increased expression of the epigenetic regulator lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B). Addition of a KDM6B inhibitor did not alter MAIT cell effector function to Ag or cytokine stimulation. However, addition of the KDM6B cofactor α-ketoglutarate greatly enhanced MAIT cell effector capacity to TCR-dependent stimulation in a partially KDM6B-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that the TCR-dependent effector response of MAIT cells is epigenetically regulated and dependent on the availability of metabolic cofactors.
Do we need separate screening strategies for cytomegalovirus retinitis in different underlying immunosuppressed states? A retrospective study from Western India
Authors: Doshi Bindiya , Khatib Niha Z , Phatak Sumita , Modi Rohit , Tiwari Sarvesh , Subramanyam Anand
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features, course, and clinical outcomes of eyes with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in immunosuppressed patients of different etiologies.

Methods:

This was a retrospective observational study from a single ophthalmic tertiary care center. The patients included referrals from the nodal cancer center and the local human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment clinic. Demographics, history, visual acuity, ocular features, treatment protocol, and final visual outcome of patients who were diagnosed with CMV retinitis in the period of five years from 2014 to 2019 were studied.

Results:

CMV retinitis was diagnosed in 25 eyes of 14 patients. Age of the patients ranged from 11–54 years. Ten (71.43%) patients were male and four (29.57%) were female. Eight of them had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), four were suffering from HIV infection and one patient each had lymphoma and history of a kidney transplant. The treatment for CMV retinitis ranged from two to sixty weeks depending on disease activity and systemic condition. Three of the patients were on maintenance therapy for ALL at the time of reactivation.

Conclusion:

Duration of treatment for CMV retinitis in patients of ALL was longer as compared to the other etiologies, and in recurrences, it needed to be continued till the completion of maintenance therapy for ALL. It is prudent to advise regular ophthalmic screening of all immunocompromised patients, as they are at a high risk of developing CMV retinitis. Patients of ALL, especially while on maintenance therapy, should be monitored for possible development or reactivation of CMV retinitis.
Modified inexpensive needle for suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide injections in pseudophakic cystoid macular edema
Authors: Oli Avadhesh , Waikar Shrikant
Published: February 2021

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is one of the leading causes of reduced vision, after cataract surgery. Topical steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drops are frequently used in the management; however, intravitreal injections may be required for chronic cases. Suprachoroidal injection of preservative free Triamcinolone acetonide is a recent addition to the therapeutic armamentarium of ophthalmologists for treatment of cystoid macular edema of varied etiology. Though the drug is commercially available at a reasonable cost, the microneedle is not commonly available. We modified a 26 G needle for safe and cost-effective delivery of preservative-free suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (SCT). In the current series of three patients with non-resolving PCME, macular edema resolved and vision improved over 3 months.
The economic burden of diabetic retinopathy care at a tertiary eye care center in South India
Authors: Orji Andrea , Rani Padmaja K , Narayanan Raja , Sahoo Niroj K , Das Taraprasad
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to analyze the cost and factors affecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) care in a tertiary eye care facility in South India.

Methods:

In a retrospective, observational study, we evaluated the costs incurred in DR management in each stage of retinopathy from electronic medical records. Both medical and indirect costs (transportation and boarding) were calculated.

Results:

The study evaluated 1000 consecutive patients (2000 eyes) with DR, from January to June 2019. One-third (32%; n = 321) patients were females. The median cost per patient was INR 8,214 (IQR 2,812-29,748). Cost of care was higher in patients with sight-threatening DR (STDR) compared to non-STDR (INR 31,820 vs INR 14,356, P < 0.001). Among 57.3% (n = 573;1137 eyes) of subjects who completed treatment, there was a statistically significant reduction in visual impairment (427 to 355 eyes) and blindness (<3/60) (132 to 103 eyes) from baseline (P < 0.001). The number of follow-up visits had a negative association with travel distance and socioeconomic status (P < 0.001); the positive association was seen with DR severity (P = 0.002) and total cost (P < 0.001) on regression analysis. There was a nearly 3-fold difference in the average medical cost per eye for subjects with severe visual loss (<3/60) (INR 26,270) compared to those with good vision (≥6/12) (INR 8,510).

Conclusion:

Treatment of DR benefits, but the cost of care increases with disease severity and visual impairment. Compliance to care was related to DR severity and treatment cost. Some of the barriers could be reduced with greater advocacy and reduced travel distance.
Severe ocular and adnexal complications in dengue hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Vijitha VS , Dave Tarjani Vivek , Murthy Somasheila I , Ali Mohammad Javed , Dave Vivek Pravin , Pappuru Rajeev Reddy , Narayanan Raja
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

To describe a series of sight-threatening ocular and adnexal involvement associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever and their treatment options.

Methods:

Retrospective, interventional, non-comparative case series. Medical records of patients who presented with ocular symptoms attributed to dengue hemorrhagic fever were reviewed. Demography, presenting features, and treatment outcomes were recorded. Outcome measures assessed included globe salvage, vision salvage, and visual improvement. The outcome was deemed as favorable if vision salvage was possible and unfavorable if the vision was lost.

Results:

Twenty-nine eyes of 23 patients were included. Bilateral ocular involvement was seen in 6 (26%) patients. The mean age was 37.62 ± 18.68 years (range: 14 to 81 years). Coexistent diabetes mellitus and enteric fever were present in three patients. History of blood transfusion was present in nine (40%) and thrombocytopenia in eight (35%) patients at the time of presentation with ocular complaints. Presenting features included endophthalmitis in 11 (38%), panophthalmitis in 10 (35%), orbital cellulitis with panophthalmitis in four (14%), isolated corneal or scleral melt in three (10%), and orbital hemorrhage with panophthalmitis in one (3%) patient. Globe salvage was achieved in 21/29 eyes (72.4%), vision salvage in 6/29 eyes (20.68%), and improvement in visual acuity was noted in 5/29 eyes (17.24%). Logistic regression analysis revealed no significant effect of any clinical-microbiological factors on globe salvage, vision salvage, and visual improvement. However, visual improvement and globe salvage were possible in eyes that underwent early endoscopic vitrectomy.

Conclusion:

Dengue fever can present with sight-threatening ocular and adnexal inflammation resulting in endophthalmitis and panophthalmitis, orbital cellulitis, corneal and scleral melt, and orbital hemorrhage. Early vitrectomy may improve vision and globe salvage in cases with significant vitritis.
Long-term outcomes of revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy aided by 4-mm coronary balloon catheter dacryoplasty
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed , Bothra Nandini
Published: February 2021

Our purpose was assess the long-term efficacy of 4-mm coronary balloon catheter dacryoplasty in revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (RevEnDCR). This retrospective interventional case-series was performed for patients who underwent RevEnDCR aided by a 4-mm coronary balloon catheter (CBC) dacryoplasty. The indications for the surgery were previously failed DCRs by external or endoscopic approach where the ostium showed near total cicatrization with or without the presence of organized granuloma threatening the internal common opening (ICO). The coronary balloon (4 × 10 mm, SPALNO, Cardiomac, Haryana, India) with the guidewire was used and a minimum of >12 months of follow-up was considered for analysis. Ten lacrimal systems of eight patients with mean age of 48.8 years underwent CBC-assisted revision endoscopic DCR. Of the 10 failed DCRs, 6 had a previous external approach DCR and 4 were endoscopic DCRs. Grossly stenosed ostium with near total cicatricial closure were noted in half of the patients (50%, 5/10) while the remaining half, in addition, showed organized granulomas threatening the ICO. The surgical technique using CBC was found to be minimally invasive, easy to perform with multiple advantages like uniform clearance of the area in front of ICO and more predictable lacrimal sac flaps. At a mean follow-up of 20 months, anatomical and functional success were achieved in 90% (9/10) of the eyes. We conclude that coronary balloon catheter-assisted revision endoscopic DCR is a minimally invasive and viable alternative in select group of patients of failed DCR with near total cicatrisation or organized granulomas threatening ICO.
Scleral tunnel with conjunctival autograft for rescue management of extruded haptic
Authors: Agarwal Rinky , Todi Vishnu , Bafna Rahul Kumar , Asif Md. Ibrahime , Sharma Namrata
Published: February 2021

Extrusion of haptic is a rare complication after intra-scleral haptic fixation of intraocular lens (SF-IOL). Various techniques described for its management such as autologous scleral patch, cauterization of exposed haptic, reattempting the glued IOL and IOL explant have their own limitations. Presently, we describe a simple rescue technique for management of such situations. In this method, after performing localized conjunctival peritomy, 2 mm long partial-thickness scleral tunnel is fashioned with an angled 20-guage microvitreoretinal blade 1.5 mm away from the limbus in line with pre-existing defective scleral flap underneath which the exposed haptic is tucked securely. Following this, conjunctival autograft (CAG) with fibrin glue application is undertaken to combat conjunctival fibrosis. In three patients, where this technique was performed, had well-tucked haptic and maintained visual acuity with no complications at 3-months follow-up. This technique is a useful method of tucking extruded haptic after SFIOL in eyes subjected to multiple previous surgeries.
Impact of teleophthalmology during COVID-19 lockdown in a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Ravindran Meenakshi , Segi Ashwin , Mohideen Syed , Allapitchai Fathima , Rengappa Ramakrishna
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to describe the experience of teleconsultations addressed at our hospital in India during the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown.

Methods:

This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 977 teleconsultations presenting between April 1st and May 31, 2020. A two-level protocol was implemented to triage the calls.

Results:

Overall, 977 teleconsultation were addressed. Of the 621 teleconsultation addressed the most common queries were related to redness/pain/ watering/blurred vision/itching/irritation (52.49%), followed by queries related to medications (28.01%), appointments (18.84%) & 0.64% cited an emergency need to visit the hospital due to sudden loss of vision. The majority of the queries were directed to the department of cornea (58.93%) followed by retina (16.26%), cataract (13.04%), glaucoma (10.14%) & pediatric ophthalmology (1.61%). The most common advice given to the patient was related to medications (47.66%) followed by appointment-related queries (31.72%) & fixing of surgical appointment (20.61%). Among the 356 preterm babies that were screened, 57 (16.01%) were diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Of them 3 required laser and 3 were given injection.

Conclusion:

Teleconsultation is here to stay beyond the pandemic. WhatsApp was the preferred modality of communication for us. Teleophthalmology has given us insights to use this evolving technology to reach out to the population at large to provide eye care services. We believe that this mode of teleophthalmology has helped us in providing feasible eye care to the patients.
Efficacy of second donor conjunctival graft from the same site for pterygium - A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kodavoor Shreesha K , Preethi V , Dandapani Ramamurthy
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

To know the efficacy of the second donor conjunctival graft from the same site as that of the previous donor area in pterygium treatment.

Methods:

Case record of patients were retrospectively analysed and those patients who had undergone pterygium excision previously, either for nasal or temporal pterygium excision and came with complaints of pterygium growth in opposite side of the bulbar conjunctiva in the same eye were included in the study. The patients with double head pterygium previously treated only over one side were also included. Total of 23 such patients were included in the study. The patients were followed up on post-operative day 1, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. The outcome measures like recurrence, graft edema, graft retraction, graft loss and other complications were noted in each follow up.

Results:

Among the 23 patients included in the study 9 were male and 14 were female patients with a mean age of 44±7.2 years (range 24-57 years). On an average follow up period of 15±8.5 months, only 1 patient among 23 patients had recurrence (4.43%). Other complications noted were graft retraction in 4 eyes (17.4%), sub conjunctival hemorrhage in 8 eyes (34.8%) and graft edema in 11 eyes (47.8%). Only one patient presented with granuloma (4.34%).

Conclusion:

The second conjunctival graft from the same site is safe and effective with encouraging results in indicated cases.
Is 20/20 visual outcome a reality in rubella cataract? - Prognostic factors in children with cataract associated with congenital rubella syndrome
Authors: Joshi Deepti , Krishnaprasad R , Agrawal Apeksha
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study ws to evaluate prognostic factors associated with final visual outcome in patients with congenital cataract associated with congenital rubella syndrome.

Methods:

A prospective interventional analysis of preoperative systemic and ocular features of 56 eyes of 28 seropositive infants of less than 12 months presenting to us with bilateral cataract was performed. All infants were surgically treated with cataract extraction, posterior capsulorhexis, and anterior vitrectomy followed by visual rehabilitation. Intraocular lens implantation was done in children after 2 years of age. Outcome data were collected till children reached the fifth chronological age. Chi-square test was used as a test of significance for qualitative data.

Results:

Of the 56 eyes, 44.6% eyes had vision better than 20/60. Important preoperative factors related to poor visual prognosis were morphology of cataract (P = 0.004), microphthalmos (P < 0.001), features suggestive of iris hypoplasia (P < 0.001), optic atrophy (P < 0.001), nystagmus (P = 0.02), and associated neurological anomalies (P = 0.0023). We found no significant statistical association between postoperative visual outcome and isolated rubella retinopathy, cloudy cornea, cardiological, and ontological abnormalities.

Conclusion:

Cataract associated with rubella is a common cause of congenital cataract in developing countries. Determining prognostic factors helps us in parent counseling and planning treatment protocols. Nevertheless, early detection and treatment with adequate multidisciplinary approach remains priority for improving long-term visual outcomes.
Comparison of three newer generation freely available intraocular lens power calculation formulae across all axial lengths
Authors: Khatib Zain Irfan , Haldipurkar Suhas S , Shetty Vijay , Dahake Harsha , Nagvekar Pranoti , Kashelkar Priyanka
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of three newer generation formulae (Barrett Universal II, EVO, Hill-RBF 2.0) for calculation of power of two standard IOLs—the Acrysof IQ and Tecnis ZCB00 across all axial lengths.

Methods:

In this retrospective series, 206 eyes of 206 patients, operated for cataract surgery with above two IOLs over the last 6 months, were included in the study. Preoperative biometry measurements were obtained from LenstarLS900. By using recommended lens constants, the mean error for each formula was calculated and compared. Then, the optimized IOL constants were calculated to reduce the mean error to zero. Mean and median absolute errors were calculated for all eyes and separately for short (AL<22.5 mm), medium (22.5–24.5 mm), and long eyes (>24.5 mm). Absolute errors and percentages of eyes within prediction errors of ±0.25 D, ±0.50 D, ±0.75 D, and ±1.00 D were compared.

Results:

Prediction error with using recommended lens constants was significantly lower in the Barrett Universal II formula as compared to the other two formulae. However, after optimizing lens constants, there were no significant differences in the absolute errors between the three formulae. The formulae ranked by mean absolute error were as follows: Barrett Universal II (0.304 D), EVO (0.317 D), and Hill-RBF (0.322) D. There were no significant differences between absolute errors in the three formulae in each of the short-, medium-, and long-eye subgroups.

Conclusion:

With proper lens constant optimization, the Barrett Universal II, EVO, and Hill-RBF 2.0 formulae were equally accurate in predicting IOL power across the entire range of axial lengths.
Correlation between visual acuity at discharge and on final follow-up in patients undergoing manual small incision cataract surgery
Authors: Kurian Deepthi E , Amritanand Anika , Mathew Monseena , Keziah Mable , Rebekah Grace
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between visual acuity on discharge and at final follow-up in patients undergoing manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) through outreach services of a tertiary care training center.

Methods:

A prospective observational study was done to determine the correlation between visual acuity on postoperative day 1 and final follow-up (4–8 weeks) among various categories of surgeons and surgical complications in patients who underwent MSICS between January 2018 and March 2018. Proportions of patients benefitting from refractive correction were also analyzed.

Results:

Of the 924 patients who underwent MSICS through outreach services during the study period 841 were eligible for the study. Follow-up rate at 4–8 weeks was 91%. Mean age was 61.6 (SD 9.2) years, 63% were females and 55% were operated by trainees. There was a positive correlation between visual acuity at day one and final follow-up with a Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.375 and 0.403 for uncorrected (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) respectively (P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient, while still positive, was lower for trainees (0.287), as compared to consultants (0.492). At least two lines of improvement in visual acuity on refractive correction were found in 77% of patients.

Conclusion:

Visual acuity on the day of discharge may be a useful quality indicator of visual outcome for monitoring cataract surgical programs. However, a follow-up at 4–8 weeks is recommended for individual patient benefit and monitoring surgical quality especially in training hospitals.
Uomo e ambiente. L’agricoltura e la salvaguardia ambientale nell’antico Egitto
Authors: Gualdi Vittorio
Published: February 2021

At the end of Prehistory, many civilizations were flourishing in south-western Asia, both in Mesopotamia and on the coastline of Sirya, Lebanon and Palestine. These were the empires of the Sumerians, Assyrians and Babylonians, as well as the Hittites and the Phoenician city-states. The ancient Egyptian civilization was also developing in north-eastern Africa which, like the others specified above, made use of the waters of a river. This essay examines the agricultural practices carried out by the ancient Egyptians on the banks and delta of the Nile, which annually deposited beneficial layers of silt during flooding. Egyptian agriculture adequately preserved the natural forest-maquis by reserving it for the harvesting of wood, which was then used for making furniture and sarcophagi, as well as for their building works. The ancient Egyptians also protected the environment around stands of Papyrus, which was used for making writing materials, in boat building and in the hunting of water birds. The methods which they used in agricultural practice and environmental protection highlight the advanced nature of their civilization, especially during the New Kingdom era.
Del sueño a la pesadilla: el movimiento indígena en Ecuador
Authors: García Serrano Fernando
Published: February 2021

Fernando García conoce a fondo el movimiento indígena de Ecuador. Ha investigado sobre el tema y, al mismo tiempo, ha acompañado a las organizaciones, a sus líderes y a sus lideresas en la participación política y electoral. En este libro plasma su experiencia que junto con sus conocimientos académicos nos ofrecen una lectura crítica, multifacética, sólida y profunda de una parte compleja de la historia reciente del Ecuador. De las distintas teorías usadas para estudiar los movimientos indígenas en América Latina, García recoge aquellas que le permiten interpretar el entramado del movimiento en Ecuador. Su recorrido comienza en los años cuarenta del siglo pasado. Narra la creación de la Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas del Ecuador, cuatro décadas después, y de su brazo electoral, el Movimiento de Unidad Plurinacional Pachakutik, en los años noventa. Estas luchas históricas de los pueblos indígenas condujeron a la reforma constitucional de 2008 en la que se de¬ne al Estado como plurinacional e intercultural, y a la formulación de políticas de reconocimiento del sistema de justicia indígena. Concluye con las confrontaciones del movimiento indígena con el gobierno del expresidente Rafael Correa. Una de las virtudes del autor de este libro es su capacidad de sostener la mirada empática, pero a la vez crítica, sobre el movimiento indígena ecuatoriano.
La condición del trabajador pos-keynesiano: el precariado frente a la contrarrevolución neoliberal
Authors: Alcalde González Verna
Published: February 2021

Este ensayo analiza la situación del trabajo asalariado tras la ofensiva neoliberal contra el Estado social y las formas de organización de la clase trabajadora. Para ello se revisan las teorías más relevantes sobre los cambios en el mundo del trabajo desde la década de 1970, prestando especial atención a la teoría del precariado y a las críticas que ha recibido con el propósito de ponderar sus potencialidades como revulsivo frente al poder de la contrarrevolución neoliberal. En último lugar, se sugiere el empleo de los conceptos de precariedad y de precariado como dispositivo para aglutinar diferentes fracciones sociales en el presente ciclo de luchas laborales y sociales.
Breves reseñas biográficas
Authors: AA VV
Published: February 2021

Conozca a nuestras autorías con una breves reseña biográfica.
"Ask Me No Secrets, I'll Tell You No Lies:" What Happens When a Respondent's Story Makes No Sense
Authors: Flicker Sarah
Published: February 2021

In health research, we depend heavily on the goodwill of study participants. However, the whole social contract of health research is based on the premise that everyone comes to the research table with honorable intentions. What course should we take if we doubt the authenticity of our participants accounts? Through the use of an illustrative case study, this paper will explore three different ways of thinking about (and handling) implausible narratives.
Outcomes-Based Education in the English Second Language Classroom in South Africa
Authors: Schlebusch Gawie , Thobedi Motsamai
Published: February 2021

This study focuses on the impact of race, and its intersection with gender, in influencing and/or preventing the development of disordered body image. Specifically, Black samples are examined to see the role that racial identity plays in the process of developing such attitudes. Using qualitative data analysis methods rooted in grounded theory, the study finds that race is intrinsically linked to the notion of self-esteem, non-internalization, and maternal support, and that in turn these factors serve to prevent the African American sample from the development of body image dissatisfaction.
Racial Identity and the Development of Body Image Issues among African American Adolescent Girls
Authors: Hesse-Biber Sharlene , Howling Stephanie , Leavy Patricia , Lovejoy Meg
Published: February 2021

As readers, children with dyslexia are vulnerable to becoming academically, socially, and emotionally detached from education. Traditional educational practices tend to use quantitative measures to diagnose children to better serve their needs and researchers, who study students with special needs often focus on a deficit model that quantify just how far a child is from the norm. This practice, while full of good intentions, often creates emotional scars and feelings of inferiority in a child. This reductionist view of a disability is most likely different from the lived experience of the person with the disability. To get a complete picture, we must use qualitative methods to reveal children’s words, their interactions, and the entire context within which their disability is nested. In this study, I use qualitative methods to unpack the educational experiences of a group of students with dyslexia. Data were gathered from four sources: interviews with students and teachers, field notes, and journal entries. The words of the participants are presented to convey the emotional impact that a reading disability brings and to remind educators and researchers that quantitative methods do not always provide a complete picture of a child’s experience in school.
Effect of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and Sage (Salvia officinalis) Essential Oils on Disease Resistance against Aeromonas sobria in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Metin Seçil , Didinen Behire I. , Kara Nimet , Diler Öznur
Published: February 2021

In this study, the chemical composition and the antibacterial properties against Aeromonas sobria of the essential oils of rosemary and sage in gold fish were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for the first time. The major constituents were eucalyptol (26.36 %) and camphor (29.17 %) for rosemary essential oil and eucalyptol (27.08 %), thujone (20.52 %) and camphor (16.99 %) for sage oil. In vitro antibacterial effects of essential oils against A. sobria were detected by agar diffusion assay. The in vitro antibacterial effect of rosemary (20±2.82 mm) and sage (18.5±2.12 mm) essential oils (1000 µl ml-1) were determined to be strong against A. sobria (p˂0.05). The effects of the essential oils on the disease resistance of goldfish were also investigated. Fish (5±0.15 g) were fed with different concentrations (0, 1.0 and 3.0 ml kg-1) of each essential oil for 45 days. After feeding, the fish were challenged with A. sobria. Dietary administration of sage essential oil (1.0 and 3.0 ml kg-1) and rosemary oil (3 ml kg-1 ) resulted in a significant reduction in mortality due to A. sobria compared to control fish. Our results suggest that these plant oils could provide an alternative for A. sobria infection control in aquaculture.
Logro de competencias comunicativas en niños de 5 años de una institución educativa inicial en la selva peruana
Authors: Vela Rengifo Argelia , López Marrufo Carlos Alberto , Ferrer Quispe Carlos Manuel
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de logro alcanzado en cuanto a competencias comunicativas por estudiantes de educación inicial-cinco años de una institución educativa de una localidad de la Amazonía peruana, luego del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje desarrollado por la docente. Se siguió el enfoque cuantitativo y el diseño fue descriptivo, además, se tuvo como muestra a 23 estudiantes de la sede de estudio de la investigación. Se recolectó información sobre la variable en un registro consolidado de calificaciones a partir de los informes de calificación producto de la evaluación de la docente titular. Los resultados precisan que alrededor de tres quintos de la muestra se ubicó en el nivel regular, por lo que se concluye que el nivel de logro alcanzado por los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Inicial Curimaná No. 291 en cuanto a las competencias comunicativas es en proceso.
Reverse Tissue Expansion in Gastroschisis: What to do if the Defect is too large to close after Silo Removal?
Authors: Adikibi Boma T , O'Toole Stuart
Published: February 2021

A female baby with an antenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis was transferred to our institution. The defect was large but the bowel was in good condition and a silo was placed. After successful reduction of the bowel the abdominal wall defect was too large to allow fascial or even skin closure. We utilised a Gore-tex patch with two prolene purse string sutures placed concentrically to enable the diameter of the patch to be sequentially reduced. This enabled gradual stretching of the tissues with a progressive reduction in the size of the defect. The patch was removed after 8 days and a delayed fascial closure was achieved.
Tongue-Tie Assessment and Division: A Time-Critical Intervention to Optimise Breastfeeding
Authors: Donati-Bourne Jack , Batool Zainab , Hendrickse Charles , Bowley Douglas M
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Recent reports have highlighted the benefits of surgical division of tongue-tie (frenulotomy) in infants with breastfeeding difficulties. There is no clear consensus defining the appropriate age for this procedure to be undertaken in selected infants. We aimed to evaluate the impact of delays in time between referral and frenulotomy in relation to maternal abandonment of breastfeeding.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study done in out-patient Neonatal Surgery Department, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK, between April 2013 and July 2013. All infants, referred to our tongue-tie clinic between April and July 2013, were studied prospectively. Referral time lags were calculated using computer records; details regarding breastfeeding were collected by an independent interviewer completing a questionnaire.Results: Seventy patients were included. The median infant age at clinic was 28.5 days [range 1-126]. Fifty eight [82%] of mothers had breastfeeding difficulty and their infants were confirmed to have a prominent tongue-tie. By the time of their clinic attendance, breastfeeding had either not been established or abandoned in 21%. Despite difficulty, 61% of mothers persisted breastfeeding and all these mothers consented for frenulotomy. At time of clinic, median age of infants whose mothers had abandoned breastfeeding was 37 days [range 1-80] compared to 27 days [range 1-126] in infants whose mothers had persisted.Conclusions: We demonstrated a time-critical dimension for frenulotomy: delay beyond 4-weeks from referral to assessment of neonatal tongue-tie is more likely to be associated with abandonment of breastfeeding. Timely assessment and division of tongue-tie in selected infants can therefore play an important role in a birthing unit’s breastfeeding strategy.
An Improvisation in Fixation of Stamm Gastrostomy in Neonates
Authors: Wani Ab Hamid , Sinha Shandip K
Published: February 2021

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Congenital Transmesenteric Hernia in a Neonate
Authors: Al-Shahwani Noora , Al-Romaihi Sheyma , Ali Mansour J , Mandhan Parkash
Published: February 2021

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Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation in Neonates
Authors: Tiwari Charu , Sandlas Gursev , Jayaswal Shalika , Shah Hemanshi
Published: February 2021

Background: The term Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation (SIP) suggests a perforation in the gastrointestinal tract of a newborn with no demonstrable cause.Methods: Four neonates presenting with spontaneous bowel perforation were analyzed with respect to clinical presentation, management and outcome.Results: The mean age at presentation was 11.4 days. There were three males and one female. One of the neonates was preterm, very low birth weight and the other three were full term. Two neonates underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy and two were initially managed by peritoneal drainage in view of poor general condition; one of them improved and did not require further operative intervention. The preterm very low birth weight neonate was stabilized and explored after 48 hours. Intra-operatively, two of them had two ileal perforations each which required ileostomy; one had single perforation in the transverse colon which was primarily repaired. All four had an uneventful recovery.Conclusion: SIP is a distinct clinical entity and has better outcome than neonates with intestinal perforation secondary to Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC).
Hernia of Umbilical Cord: Report of Three Unusual Cases
Authors: Mirza Bilal , Mirza Afzal , Hashim Imran , Saleem Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Congenital hernia of umbilical cord is a less frequent entity in newborns and occasionally associated with other maladies. Herein, we report three cases of hernia of umbilical cord. First case was associated with in-utero evisceration of entire small bowel through the presumably ruptured hernia of umbilical cord and other two cases had associated patent vitellointestinal duct (PVID). All of the cases were managed successfully.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Case of Patau Syndrome: A Rare Association
Authors: Jain A , Kumar P , Jindal A , Sarin YK
Published: February 2021

Congenital DiaphragmaticHernia (CDH) occurs in 5-10% associated with chromosomal abnormalities like, Pallister Killian syndrome, Trisomy 18, and certain deletions. Association of CDH with trisomy 13 (Patau syndromes) is very rare. Here, we report such an unusual association, where surgical repair was done, but eventually the case succumbed as a result of multiple fatal co-morbidities.
Two Cases of Neonatal Gastric Perforation
Authors: Abdullahi Lawal Barau , Mahammad Mohammad Aminu , Anyanwu Loft-John Chukwuemeka , Farinyaro Aliyu Umar
Published: February 2021

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Forearm Injury Associated with Compound Presentation and Prolonged Labour
Authors: Kwok Chun-Sui , Judkins Claire-Lise , Sherratt Matthew
Published: February 2021

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YANLIŞ BİLİNÇ VE ÖZGÜR İRADE BAĞLAMINDA “DEVİL'S ADVOCATE” FİLMİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: ÇİLTAŞ Erdem
Published: February 2021

Modernleşme süreciyle başlayan yeni değerler oluşturma süreci bir takım insani özelliklerin sınırlandırılmasında etkili olmuştur. Ahlak ve vicdana yönelik bir yapıya sahip olan insanın iyi ve doğruya yönelik olan düşünceleri mevcut sistem içerisinde karşılığını bulup bulmamasına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Ahlaki bir problem ifade eden yönüyle bilinç, özgür iradenin hâkim olduğu bütünlük içerisinde karşılığını bulabilir. İdeoloji ve sistem bağlamında birtakım gereksinimlerin ve onların sonuçlarının belirlenmiş olması, insan eylemlerine yön veren ilişkisel tabanlı yapılanmalarının da etkisiyle pragmatist bir anlayış içerisinde yanlış bilinç oluşabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada da yanlış bilinç ve özgür irade kavramları Devil's Advocate filmi aracılığıyla göstergebilimsel analiz ve söylem analizi yöntemiyle ele alınmıştır.
Control and Investigation of Operational Characteristics of Variable Speed Wind Turbines with Doubly Fed Induction Generators
Authors: AARIB Abdelali , EL MOUDDEN Aymane , EL MOUDDEN Abdelhadi , HMIDAT Abdelhamid
Published: February 2021

This article deals with the analysis, modeling, and control of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind turbines. The DFIG wind turbine can deliver more energy to the grid. There are some different methods to modify the DFIG system in order to accomplish the stator reactive power proposed. One of these methods is to modify the DFIG system for nominal voltage to evaluate cost and materials-efficiency consequences. A specific control strategy is implemented according to the vector control strategy. The proportional-integral (PI) regulators used are simple and precise controllers. This type of regulation, which is closed-loop rotor currents, allows adjustment of the sliding of the DFIG. This gives a good adjustment of the powers of the stator and the rotor. The percentage error of the simulation is less than 2 %. The results obtained in these investigations show that it is possible to adjust the powers of the stator, even with a variation of the parameters. The developed method will allow achieving the maximum efficiency of the wind energy conversion chain. The objective of this article is to optimize the quality of energy generated by wind turbines by controlling the reactive stator power and reducing the losses of the energy of the reactive stator power, which must be a physically minimal value. The results will be presented in the Matlab - Simulink environment.
Factors Influencing Aggregation and Adhesion of Oral Lactobacillus gasseri
Authors: PLANSANGKET Lata , TEANPAISAN Rawee , PIWAT Supatcharin
Published: February 2021

Lactobacillus gasseri is one of the Lactobacillus species, which has been considered as an oral probiotic. The probiotic characters, e.g., the aggregation and adhesion abilities, may be affected by the changes in the oral environment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cell surface components, some enzymes, pH, sugars, and ions on the aggregation (auto- and coaggregation) abilities of oral L. gasseri and on the ability to adhere to oral epithelial cells. The control group contained the bacteria in pH 7.0 solution. The results indicated that the cell surface-related protein components were essential for the aggregation and internalized adhering abilities of L. gasseri. For environmental factors, amylase, calcium ion, and magnesium ion significantly increased both autoaggregation and coaggregation ability, while these abilities were significantly decreased by lactose. The coaggregation between L. gasseri and S. mutans ATCC 25175TM was significantly increased by pH 4.0, whereas glucose, sucrose, trypsin, and lysozyme significantly decreased the coaggregation. The adhesion was significantly increased by pH 4.0, pH 8.0, calcium ion, and magnesium ion, whereas enzymes and sugars did not affect this ability. These traits could be used for the preliminary screening of the potential candidates of probiotics with possible anti-caries properties.
Georg Simmel e il Cenacolo di Leonardo: frammenti (fortuna) di un discorso critico originale
Authors: Ferrari Simone
Published: February 2021

The paper analyzes the famous masterpiece by Leonardo starting with the peculiar perspective of Georg Simmel, a great German philosopher whose reputation in Italy has been disregarded for a long time enough. His thoughtful paper on the Last Supper, published in 1905 and recently reminded by Pedretti and Marani had set a milestone for the further development of a critical point of view on the mural painting. His original statement about the Leonardo’s invention of a new “Shape of Time”, related to a different iconography and to a dazzling psychological purpose, was a topic promptly received and appreciated by Guido Lodovico Luzzatto in 1913 in a review soon forgotten in the critical debate. During a period marked by controversial positions on Leonardo da Vinci, it arises, by contrast, the possible relationship between Simmel and Wölfflin.
Investigating the Corrosion Behavior of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys in Solutions Containing Dilute Fluoride Ions
Authors: Henderson J.D. , Ramamurthy S. , Filice F.P. , Biesinger M.C. , Shoesmith D.W. , McGarvey G.B. , Noël J.J.
Published: February 2021

The ability of fluoride ions, in trace concentrations, to promote film instability and transpassive dissolution was shown for several corrosion-resistant alloys. While the addition of fluoride ion was found to decrease the transpassive dissolution potential by approximately 0.1 V, the decrease was particularly pronounced in mildly acidic media (pH 5). Results suggest that the decreased potential range of stability for the heavily-relied-upon Cr(III)-rich oxide film is a concern in the presence of oxidizing impurities, which may push the corrosion potentials toward the transpassive region. The decreased potential range of passive film stability was observed using both dynamic and static polarization experiments and was supported by solution and surface analyses.
Arquitetura das ideias: Paul Otlet, o objeto, o livro e o documento
Authors: Juvêncio Carlos Henrique
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Compreender, a partir de três dimensões, o entendimento Otletiano sobre o que vem a ser um livro: a material, a simbólica e a filosófica.
Método: Pesquisa bibliográfica documental, onde o Traité de Documentation é a base para a formulação das considerações acerca do pensamento de Paul Otlet, logo, nossos apontamentos partem dele e a ele retornam.
Resultado: O livro, como constructo da humanidade para a Humanidade, têm seu papel social, com o acúmulo constante e incessante de saberes e conhecimentos fixados materialmente, corporificando-se e recorporificando-se de geração em geração, visando o desenvolvimento e o progresso das diferentes ciências e artes.
Conclusões: O livro não é construído ao acaso, ele precisa se estruturar segundo parâmetros, além disso, as ideias não podem ser jogadas ao bel prazer, elas também precisam de uma estruturação que reflita as intenções do autor, suas vontades e sua linha de pensamento. Na noção da arquitetura das ideias, o autor e o leitor precisam compreender que aquele livro é uma pequena parte da obra universal, tão cara ao projeto Otletiano.