bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partnerships Between Podiatrists and Vascular Surgeons in Building Effective Wound Care Centers
Authors: Chandra Venita , Glebova Natalia O. , Salvo Nichol L. , Wu Timothy
Published: August 2017

This practice memo, a collaborative effort between the Young Physicians' Program of the American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA) and the Young Surgeons Committee of the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS), is intended to aid podiatrists and vascular surgeons in the early years of their respective careers, especially those involved in the care of patients with chronic wounds. During these formative years, learning how to successfully establish an inter-professional partnership is crucial in order to provide the best possible care to this important patient population.
Acetylation of N-terminus and two internal amino acids is dispensable for degradation of a protein that aberrantly engages the endoplasmic reticulum translocon
Authors: Engle Sarah M. , Crowder Justin J. , Watts Sheldon G. , Indovina Christopher J. , Coffey Samuel Z. , Rubenstein Eric M.
Published: August 2017

Conserved homologues of the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase target for degradation proteins that persistently or aberrantly engage the endoplasmic reticulum translocon, including mammalian apolipoprotein B (apoB; the major protein component of low-density lipoproteins) and the artificial yeast proteinDeg1-Sec62. A complete understanding of the molecular mechanism by which translocon-associated proteins are recognized and degraded may inform the development of therapeutic strategies for cholesterol-related pathologies. Both apoB andDeg1-Sec62 are extensively post-translationally modified. Mass spectrometry of a variant ofDeg1-Sec62 revealed that the protein is acetylated at the N-terminal methionine and two internal lysine residues. N-terminal and internal acetylation regulates the degradation of a variety of unstable proteins. However, preventing N-terminal and internal acetylation had no detectable consequence for Hrd1-mediated proteolysis ofDeg1-Sec62. Our data highlight the importance of empirically validating the role of post-translational modifications and sequence motifs on protein degradation, even when such elements have previously been demonstrated sufficient to destine other proteins for destruction.
The winter air-water CO2, net flux is not significant in the Gulf of California to the north of 30°N
Authors: Montes-Hugo MA , Borrego SA , Zirino A
Published: August 2017

It has been reported that in the Gulf of California tidal energy dissipates at great rates from the region of the midrift islands to the north, with practically no dissipation in the central and southern regions of the gulf. It has also been reported that due to this energy dissipation, in places like Canal de Ballenas, strong water column mixing produces greater CO2, partial pressure (pCO2,) in the surface seawater than in the atmosphere, even during summer. This causes the sea to be a source of CO2, to the atmosphere. We characterized the spatial distribution of surface pH and pCO2, under "winter" conditions, in order to explore the possibility of the role of the northern Gulf of California (NGC), north of 30ºN, as a source of CO2, to the atmosphere. Our results do not support the hypothesis of a significant air-water CO2, flux in the NGC. Mean surface pC02, during winter 1996 was 355 µatm, with a standard error (s n–0.5) of 5 µatm. This mean was not significantly different from the atmospheric value, at 95% confidence level. Thus, the NGC acts neither as a source nor a sink of CO2.
Effect of cirripeds on the recruitment of the keyhole limpet Fissurella picta (Gmelin)
Authors: López DA , González ML , Uribe JM , Martínez RI , Vergara PA
Published: August 2017

Correlation and experimental protocol were used to test the hypothesis that in intertidal and subtidal substrata, the recruitment of the keyhole limpet, Fissurella picta (Gmelin), is determined by the settlement of barnacles. Measurements and experiments made in Metri Bay showed that the abundance of juveniles of F. picta smaller than 20 mm occurs mainly in zones exposed to waves, where barnacle species are dominant. In the intertidal zone, temporal variations in the recruitment of F. picta were positively associated with temporal variations in the recruitment of the barnacle Jehlius cirratus (Darwin). In the subtidal zone, the abundance of F. picta recruits was greater in substrata previously colonized by the barnacle Austromegabalanus psittacus (Molina) than in those colonized by the mussel Mytilus chilensis (Hupé), the most abundant fouling species. These data are added to previous findings that show a decrease in the recruitment of the keyhole limpet in the Mehuín Marine Reserve, where man has been excluded. This in turn has lead to an increase in the populations of a gastropod that has continually diminished the barnacle populations. The results indicate the importance of the variations in the settlement and persistence of barnacle populations in intertidal and subtidal zones for the recruitment of species of high commercial value, such as F. picta.
Time and spatial variability of sea surface temperature in the Gulf of California
Authors: Soto-Mardones L , Marinone SG , Parés-Sierra A
Published: August 2017

Fourteen years of satellite images (1983–1996) are used to examine the variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Gulf of California. The study focussed on the semiannual, annual and interannual scales and on the average. On average, SST decreases from the mouth to the head and its variability increases. The annual scale is responsible for most of the temporal variability, which oscillates in phase with minor north-south variations. The northern gulf shows the formation of warm anticyclonic eddies during winter and cold cyclonic eddies during summer. The spring transition shows a cyclonic eddy closer to the mainland side of the gulf; the autumn transition shows a not well-defined anticyclonic eddy. The SST around the island region is always colder than the rest of the gulf. The lateral variability in the central and southern regions is associated with upwelling phenomena. The semiannual and annual amplitudes increase to the north by a factor of two with respect to the southern region. On the interannual scale, the 1988–1989 and 1992–1993 events reach all the gulf. Both events appear first in the south and island regions, and the signals are more intense at the islands than the rest of the gulf. This behavior has not been reported before. The 1985, 1987 and 1990 events show a "normal" evolution, i.e., the warm waters appear in the south and gradually progress into the gulf.
Macrobenthos associated with a population of Anthothoe chilensis (Lesson, 1830) (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) in Mar del Plata Harbor, Argentina
Authors: Excoffon AC , Genzano G , Zamponi M
Published: August 2017

Diversity and seasonal variations of 54 macrobenthic taxa associated with a population of the sea anemone Anthothoe chilensis were studied at Mar del Plata harbor, Argentina. Sea anemones and their associated flora and fauna were collected seasonally by diving between 2 and 3 m depth. The number of associated individuals was variable, with highest values in summer (2110.7 ± 368.8 ind/100 cm²). In the community analyzed, crustaceans were dominant; amphipods were the most abundant, but only gammarids showed a seasonal abundance, being dominant during summer (1868 ± 373.2 ind/100 cm²). Therefore, diversity and evenness showed the lowest values during this season, but the decrease in the number of crustaceans in late summer resulted in greater uniformity of abundance and diversity in the other periods. Nematodes (174.9 ± 34.2 ind/100 cm²) and cirratulid polychaetes (80.5 ind/100 cm²) were most abundant during the cold season. Pycnogonids showed their greatest abundance (63.97 ind/100 cm²) and species richness (4) in spring; these organisms find refuge and substrate among the bryozoans Bugula stolonifera and Bicelariella sp., which were most abundant in the same season. Anthothoe chilensis was found throughout the year forming dense patches, with minimal abundance in spring (91.5 ± 1.0 ind/100 cm²). The actiniarian Tricnidactis errans was observed coexisting with A. chilensis, but in low number (0.5 ± 0.5 to 4.33 ± 2.92 ind/100 cm²).
Inherent optical properties in the Gulf of California
Authors: Scott-Pegau W , Zaneveld JRV , Bardar AH , Maske H , Álvarez-Borrego S , Lara-Lara R , Cervantes-Duarte R
Published: August 2017

In order to be able to invert optical remote sensing data, it is necessary to understand the absorption, scattering and attenuation spectra. In this paper we present a study of the vertical distribution and spectra of the inherent optical properties by the particulate and dissolved materials in the Gulf of California. Most of the optical properties in the gulf are dominated by phytoplankton and their by-products (Case I waters). Only in the extreme northwestern region of the gulf were the optical properties dominated by inorganic materials. Typical spectra for the various components are presented. The distribution of the components and their relative contribution to the total optical properties are discussed.
Spatial distribution of the most abundant sea urchin populations on the southeast coast of Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Authors: Sánchez-Jérez P , Cesar A , Cortez FS , Pereira CDS , Silva SLR
Published: August 2017

The spatial variability of Echinometra lucunter, Lytechinus variegatus and Arbacia lixula was studied in relation to four spatial scales (105, 104, 103 and 102 m) and two depths (0–3 and 3–8 m), along 100 km of the São  Paulo coastline (August to October 1996). Echinometra lucunter was the most abundant species, with preference for shallow substrates subject to wave action. An abundance gradient was identified, increasing from southwest to northeast. Arbacia lixula showed the same pattern of spatial variation, but was more abundant in the deeper areas. Both species showed significant differences on a spatial scale of hundreds of meters, and E. lucunter also on a scale of kilometers. Lytechinus variegates presented a patchy distribution, being more abundant at certain sites. Variations in the water quality and natural heterogeneity of the habitat may explain the spatial distribution of these populations.
The mechanisms underpinning Cenozoic intraplate volcanism in eastern Australia: Insights from seismic tomography and geodynamic modeling
Authors: Rawlinson N. , Davies D. R. , Pilia S.
Published: August 2017

Cenozoic intraplate volcanism is widespread throughout much of eastern Australia and manifests as both age‐progressive volcanic tracks and non‐age‐progressive lava fields. Various mechanisms have been invoked to explain the origin and distribution of the volcanism, but a broad consensus remains elusive. We use results from seismic tomography to demonstrate a clear link between lithospheric thickness and the occurrence, composition, and volume of volcanic outcrop. Furthermore, we find that non‐age‐progressive lava fields overlie significant cavities in the base of the lithosphere. Based on numerical simulations of mantle flow, we show that these cavities generate vigorous mantle upwellings, which likely promote decompression melting. However, due to the intermittent nature of the lava field volcanics over the last 50 Ma, it is probable that transient mechanisms also operate to induce or enhance melting. In the case of the Newer Volcanics Province, the passage of a nearby plume appears to be a likely candidate. Our results demonstrate why detailed 3‐D variations in lithospheric thickness, plate motion, and transient sources of mantle heterogeneity need to be considered when studying the origin of non age‐progressive volcanism in continental interiors.
Hyaluronic Acid Microgels Modulate Inflammation and Key Matrix Molecules toward a Regenerative Signature in the Injured Annulus Fibrosus
Authors: Kazezian Zepur , Sakai Daisuke , Pandit Abhay
Published: August 2017

Low back pain results from disc degeneration, which is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic factors. Today, regenerative medicine is focused on identifying inflammatory markers to target disc disease. Hyaluronan is used as a scaffold for cell delivery in disc degeneration; however, to date high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW HA) is evaluated for its anti‐inflammatory and matrix modulatory properties in an in vivo disc injury model. Ex vivo bovine organ culture studies demonstrate the anti‐inflammatory and matrix modulatory effects of HMW HA on the IFNα2β signaling pathway that provides the motivation for evaluating its efficacy in regenerating the annulus fibrosus in an in vivo disc injury model. It is demonstrated that the HMW HA microgel acts as an anti‐inflammatory molecule in the annulus fibrosus, by downregulating the expression of the pro‐inflammatory interferon gamma (IFNα) and pro‐apoptotic insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and the apoptosis marker caspase 3. Mass spectrometry studies demonstrate that the HMW HA microgel modulates the matrix modulatory effect by upregulating hyaluronic acid link protein (HAPLN1) and aggrecan, which are further confirmed by immunostaining. The microgel's regenerative capacity is illustrated by the increase in the disc height index.
Macroscopic‐Scale Three‐Dimensional Carbon Nanofiber Architectures for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Chen Li‐Feng , Feng Yue , Liang Hai‐Wei , Wu Zhen‐Yu , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: August 2017

The development of high‐performance electrochemical energy storage devices is critical for addressing energy crises and environmental pollution. Hence, the design and preparation of next‐generation electrode materials have been gaining increasing attention. Recent progress has demonstrated that three‐dimensional (3D) carbon nanomaterials are extremely promising candidates for the electrodes of electrochemical energy storage devices due to their unique structural advantages of interlinked architecture. Herein, recent advances in the scalable fabrication of 3D carbon nanofiber (CNF)‐based materials and their applications for electrochemical energy storage devices are summarized. Some representational 3D CNF architectures, such as CNF gels, 3D CNF films, 3D CNF arrays, and their nanocomposites, are highlighted with regard to various applications, including supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), lithium–sulfur (Li–S), lithium–selenium (Li–Se), and metal–O2 batteries, as well as other new battery systems. Finally, contemporary challenges in the scalable fabrication of 3D CNF architectures are outlined and a brief outlook to future studies is given. This review illustrates significant opportunities for the macroscopic fabrication of 3D CNF architectures, and therefore inspires new discoveries to promote the practical applications of 3D CNF architectures in electrochemical energy storage fields.
A Silicon Ratchet to Produce Power from Below‐Bandgap Photons
Authors: Lau Bryan , Kedem Ofer , Kodaimati Mohamad , Ratner Mark A. , Weiss Emily A.
Published: August 2017

This paper computationally demonstrates a new photovoltaic mechanism that generates power from incoherent, below‐bandgap (THz) excitations of conduction band electrons in silicon. A periodic sawtooth potential, realized through elastic strain gradients along a 100 nm thick Si slab, biases the oscillatory motion of excited electrons, which preferentially jump and relax into the adjacent period on the right to generate a net current. The magnitude of the ratchet current increases with photon energy (20, 50, and 100 meV) and irradiance (≈MW cm−2), which control the probability of photon scattering, and peaks as a function of the well depth of the ratchet potential, and the dominant mode of energy loss (the 62 meV intervalley phonon). The internal power conversion efficiency of the ratchet has a maximum of 0.0083% at a photon energy of 100 meV, due to inefficiencies caused by isotropic scattering. This new photovoltaic mechanism uses wasted below‐bandgap absorptions to enhance the directional diffusion of charge carriers and could be used to augment the efficiency of traditional photovoltaics.
Effects of compositional variations on CO2foam under miscible conditions
Authors: Kahrobaei Siavash , Li Kai , Vincent‐Bonnieu Sebastien , Farajzadeh Rouhollah
Published: August 2017

Foam can mitigate the associated problems with the gas injection by reducing the mobility of the injected gas. The presence of an immiscible oleic phase can adversely affect the foam stability. Nevertheless, under miscible conditions gas and oil mix in different proportions forming a phase with a varying composition at the proximity of the displacement front. Therefore, it is important to understand how the compositional variations of the front affect the foam behavior. In this study through several core‐flood experiments under miscible condition, three different regimes were identified based on the effects of the mixed‐phase composition on CO2foam‐flow behavior: In Regime 1 the apparent viscosity of the in‐situ fluid was the highest and increased with increasing xCO2. In Regime 2 the apparent viscosity increased with decreasing xCO2. In Regime 3 the apparent viscosity of the fluid remained relatively low and insensitive to the value of xCO2. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 64: 758–764, 2018
Organozinc‐Mediated Direct C−C Bond Formation via C−N Bond Cleavage of Ammonium Salts
Authors: Wang Dong‐Yu , Morimoto Koki , Yang Ze‐Kun , Wang Chao , Uchiyama Masanobu
Published: August 2017

We report a direct cross‐coupling reaction between diarylzinc (Ar2Zn) and aryltrimethylammonium salts (ArNMe3+⋅−OTf) in the presence of LiCl, via C−N bond cleavage. The reaction takes place smoothly upon heating in THF without any external catalyst, enabling an efficient and chemoselective formation of biaryl products. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds through a single electron transfer route.
Depletion of HOXA5 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation and proliferation potential of stem cells from the apical papilla
Authors: Li Wenzhi , Lin Xiao , Yang Haoqing , Cao Yangyang , Zhang Chen , Fan Zhipeng
Published: August 2017

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a prospective cell source for tissue regeneration due to their self‐renewal abilities and potential to differentiate into different cell lineages, but the molecular mechanisms of the directed differentiation and proliferation are still unknown. Recently, multiple studies have indicated the crucial role of HOX genes in MSC differentiation and proliferation. However, the role of HOXA5 in MSCs remains unknown. Here, we investigated HOXA5 function in stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs). After HOXA5 depletion, the results showed a significant decrease in ALP activity and a weakened mineralization ability of SCAPs. The real‐time RT‐PCR results showed prominently lessened expression of OPN and BSP. The CCK8 and CFSE results displayed inhibited proliferation of SCAPs, and flow cytometry assays revealed arrested cell cycle progression at the S phase. Furthermore, we found that depletion of HOXA5 upregulated p16INK4A and p18INK4C and downregulated the Cyclin A. Our research demonstrated that depletion of HOXA5 inhibited osteogenic differentiation and repressed cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle progression at the S phase via p16INK4A, p18INK4C, and Cyclin A in SCAPs, indicating that HOXA5 has a significant role in maintaining the proliferation and differentiation potential of dental‐tissue‐derived MSCs.
Subcritical water hydrolysis of nylon 6 extract concentrate
Authors: Qin Chun Xi , Lin Cheng , Tang Jie , Xi Zhen Hao , Zhao Ling
Published: August 2017

Nylon 6 extract concentrate, namely, wastewater produced from industrial nylon 6 extraction unit, was hydrolyzed in subcritical water to efficiently decrease the cyclic dimer (CD) content. The CD equilibrium conversion reached a maximum when the initial water content ranged from 0.40 to 0.45 g/g; specifically, a CD conversion of 94.3 % was achieved at the hydrolysis temperature of 543 K and an initial water content of 0.40 g/g. A kinetic model including both acid‐ and base‐catalyzed mechanisms was developed. The model predictions were in good agreement with the experimental results. The hydrolysis reaction constants increased significantly with increasing subcritical water content. By considering the effects of subcritical water on the individual reaction constants, the kinetic model could reproduce the experimental results over a wide range of initial water contents. Hopefully, the developed kinetic model will be applied in the design of a novel nylon 6 extract liquor recycling process.
Synthesis of spherical structured catalysts by dip‐coating: Application to n‐butane dehydrogenation
Authors: Ballarini Adriana , Bocanegra Sonia , de Miguel Sergio , Zgolicz Patricia
Published: August 2017

This work analyzes the deposition conditions of thin layers of γ‐Al2O3 by dip‐coating on a spherical substrate of α‐Al2O3 spheres. Results showed that under controlled deposition conditions, a structured support of α‐Al2O3 spheres coated by a uniform γ‐Al2O3 layer (thickness ≈ 15 µm) of good adherence can be attained. Optimal preparation conditions for the coating, that involved pretreatment of the substrate, gel formation, deposition conditions, and thermal treatments, were obtained. Pt catalysts supported on this structured material can be used as promising dehydrogenation systems. In this sense, a monometallic structured catalyst showed both good metallic dispersion and catalytic performance in n‐butane dehydrogenation reaction compared to another conventional catalytic system.
Dry Reforming of Methane in a Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Towards a Better Understanding of the Plasma Chemistry
Authors: Cleiren Emelie , Heijkers Stijn , Ramakers Marleen , Bogaerts Annemie
Published: August 2017

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) in a gliding arc plasmatron is studied for different CH4 fractions in the mixture. The CO2 and CH4 conversions reach their highest values of approximately 18 and 10 %, respectively, at 25 % CH4 in the gas mixture, corresponding to an overall energy cost of 10 kJ L−1 (or 2.5 eV per molecule) and an energy efficiency of 66 %. CO and H2 are the major products, with the formation of smaller fractions of C2Hx (x=2, 4, or 6) compounds and H2O. A chemical kinetics model is used to investigate the underlying chemical processes. The calculated CO2 and CH4 conversion and the energy efficiency are in good agreement with the experimental data. The model calculations reveal that the reaction of CO2 (mainly at vibrationally excited levels) with H radicals is mainly responsible for the CO2 conversion, especially at higher CH4 fractions in the mixture, which explains why the CO2 conversion increases with increasing CH4 fraction. The main process responsible for CH4 conversion is the reaction with OH radicals. The excellent energy efficiency can be explained by the non‐equilibrium character of the plasma, in which the electrons mainly activate the gas molecules, and by the important role of the vibrational kinetics of CO2. The results demonstrate that a gliding arc plasmatron is very promising for DRM.
Polymeric Redox‐Active Electrodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fernández Naiara , Sánchez‐Fontecoba Paula , Castillo‐Martínez Elizabeth , Carretero‐González Javier , Rojo Teófilo , Armand Michel
Published: August 2017

Polymer binding agents are critical for the good performance of the electrodes of Na‐ and Li‐ion batteries during cycling as they hold the electroactive material together to form a cohesive assembly because of their mechanical and chemical stability as well as adhesion to the current collector. New redox‐active polymer binders that insert Na+ ions and show adhesion properties were synthesized by adding polyether amine blocks (Jeffamine) based on mixed propylene oxide and ethylene oxide blocks to p‐phenylenediamine and terephthalaldehyde units to form electroactive Schiff‐base groups along the macromolecule. The synthetic parameters and the electrochemical properties of these terpolymers as Na‐ion negative electrodes in half cells were studied. Reversible capacities of 300 mAh g−1 (50 wt % conducting carbon) and 200 mAh g−1 (20 wt % conducting carbon) were achieved in powder and Cu‐supported electrodes, respectively, for a polySchiff‐polyether terpolymer synthesized by using a poly(ethylene oxide) block of 600 g mol−1 in place of one third of the aniline units. The new redox‐active polymers were also used as a binding agent of another anode material (hard carbon), which led to an increase of the total capacity of the electrode compared to that prepared with other standard fluorinated polymer binders such as poly(vinylidene) fluoride.
The ion streaming effect on Weibel instability in the relativistic dense plasma
Authors: Khodadadi Azadboni F. , Mahdavi M.
Published: August 2017

The Weibel instability plays an important role in stopping hot electrons and energy deposition mechanism in fast ignition of inertial fusion process. In this paper, the ion Weibel instability in counter propagating electron‐ion plasmas is investigate. The obtained results show that the growth rate of Weibel instability will be decreased about 40% with the anisotropy velocity as vxe = 2vze = 20; the ion density ratio, b = n0i1/n0i2, and density gradient, are increasing 50 and 90% respectively. The ion streaming in density gradient of dense plasma leads to increasing the Weibel instability growth rate and its amplification through ion streaming in the large wavenumber. The maximum unstable wavenumber has been decreased with decreasing the ion beam density ratio. For fixed ion density ratio, increasing 90% of the density gradient in the near of fuel plasma corona leads to reducing growth rate and unstable wavenumber about 43 and 42% respectively.
Cryopreservation of canine cardiosphere‐derived cells: Implications for clinical application
Authors: Dutton Luke C. , Church Sophie A.V. , Hodgkiss‐Geere Hannah , Catchpole Brian , Huggins Anthony , Dudhia Jayesh , Connolly David J.
Published: August 2017

The clinical application of cardiosphere‐derived cells (CDCs) to treat cardiac disease has gained increasing interest over the past decade. Recent clinical trials confirm their regenerative capabilities, although much remains to be elucidated about their basic biology. To develop this new treatment modality, in a cost effective and standardized workflow, necessitates the creation of cryopreserved cell lines to facilitate access for cardiac patients requiring urgent therapy. Cryopreservation may however lead to alterations in cell behavior and potency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on canine CDCs. CDCs and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from five dogs were characterized. CDCs demonstrated a population doubling time that was unchanged by cryopreservation (fresh vs. cryopreserved; 57.13 ± 5.27 h vs. 48.94 ± 9.55 h, P = 0.71). This was slower than for MSCs (30.46 h, P < 0.05). The ability to form clones, self‐renew, and commit to multiple lineages was unaffected by cryopreservation. Cryopreserved CDCs formed larger cardiospheres compared to fresh cells (P < 0.0001). Fresh CDCs showed a high proportion of CD105+ (89.0% ± 4.98) and CD44+ (99.68% ± 0.13) cells with varying proportions of CD90+ (23.36% ± 9.78), CD34+ (7.18% ± 4.03) and c‐Kit+ (13.17% ± 8.67) cells. CD45+ (0.015% ± 0.005) and CD29+ (2.92% ± 2.46) populations were negligible. Increasing passage number of fresh CDCs correlated with an increase in the proportion of CD34+ and a decrease in CD90+ cells (P = 0.003 and 0.03, respectively). Cryopreserved CDCs displayed increased CD34+ (P < 0.001) and decreased CD90+ cells (P = 0.042) when compared to fresh cells. Overall, our study shows that cryopreservation of canine CDCs is feasible without altering their stem characteristics, thereby facilitating their utilization for clinical trials. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Salinity‐Difference‐Driven Power Generation by a Hybrid Capacitive Approach
Authors: Zhan Fei , Wang Gang , Wu Tingting , Dong Qiang , Meng Yulan , Wang Jianren , Qiu Jieshan
Published: August 2017

The extraction of salinity gradient energy remains a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a new method for the extraction of salinity gradient energy by using a hybrid capacitor, which consists of a battery electrode and a porous carbon electrode. The potentials of the Na4Mn9O18 (NMO) and activated carbon (AC) electrodes show opposite dependencies on salt concentration, so that as fresh water and salt water flow alternately through the hybrid capacitor, the voltage difference between the electrodes can be increased by 110 mV. Our results demonstrate the viability of this new method to harvest salinity gradient energy without using membranes or precious metals.
Multiple linear regression models for predicting chronic aluminum toxicity to freshwater aquatic organisms and developing water quality guidelines
Authors: DeForest David K. , Brix Kevin V. , Tear Lucinda M. , Adams William J.
Published: August 2017

The bioavailability of aluminum (Al) to freshwater aquatic organisms varies as a function of several water chemistry parameters, including pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and water hardness. We evaluated the ability of multiple linear regression (MLR) models to predict chronic Al toxicity to a green alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia), and a fish (Pimephales promelas) as a function of varying DOC, pH, and hardness conditions. The MLR models predicted toxicity values that were within a factor of 2 of observed values in 100% of the cases for P. subcapitata (10 and 20% effective concentrations [EC10s and EC20s]), 91% of the cases for C. dubia (EC10s and EC20s), and 95% (EC10s) and 91% (EC20s) of the cases for P. promelas. The MLR models were then applied to all species with Al toxicity data to derive species and genus sensitivity distributions that could be adjusted as a function of varying DOC, pH, and hardness conditions (the P. subcapitata model was applied to algae and macrophytes, the C. dubia model was applied to invertebrates, and the P. promelas model was applied to fish). Hazardous concentrations to 5% of the species or genera were then derived in 2 ways: 1) fitting a log-normal distribution to species-mean EC10s for all species (following the European Union methodology), and 2) fitting a triangular distribution to genus-mean EC20s for animals only (following the US Environmental Protection Agency methodology). Overall, MLR-based models provide a viable approach for deriving Al water quality guidelines that vary as a function of DOC, pH, and hardness conditions and are a significant improvement over bioavailability corrections based on single parameters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:80–90. © 2017 SETAC
Preparation of 2D Carbon Materials by Chemical Carbonization of Cellulosic Materials to Avoid Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Kyotani Mutsumasa , Hiratani Kazuhisa , Okada Tatsuhiro , Matsushita Satoshi , Akagi Kazuo
Published: August 2017

Cellulosic materials, including regenerated cellulose, are promising precursors for a variety of carbon materials. However, thermal decomposition, typically accompanying carbonization at high temperatures, hinders cellulosic materials from being efficiently carbonized (i.e., very low carbon yields). Herein, this study presents a new and efficient method for the preparation of porous 2D carbon materials from sheet‐like cellulosic materials, such as papers and fabrics, involving a catalyzed chemical reaction at high temperatures without thermal decomposition. Thus, cellulosic materials are treated with sulfonic acid solutions and significantly dehydrated at high temperatures via evaporation of water. As a result, black materials are obtained at a weight near the theoretical carbon content of cellulose and remain in the carbonized materials. The as‐obtained porous 2D carbon materials are flexible and suitable for a wide range of applications such as in electrodes and gas absorbents.
Concomitant proton pump inhibitor use does not reduce the efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir: A pooled analysis of 1,322 patients with hepatitis C infection
Authors: Reau Nancy , Robertson Michael N. , Feng Hwa‐Ping , Caro Luzelena , Yeh Wendy W. , Nguyen Bach‐Yen T. , Wahl Janice , Barr Eliav , Hwang Peggy , Klopfer Stephanie O.
Published: August 2017

Concomitant proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use reduces plasma concentrations of certain nonstructural protein 5A inhibitors, which are key components of modern hepatitis C infection (HCV) treatments. These reduced concentrations may decrease efficacy, leading to challenging treatment failures due to the development of resistance‐associated substitutions. This post‐hoc analysis assessed 12‐week sustained viral response (SVR12) and pharmacokinetics of fixed‐dose combination elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) in patients with HCV infection and self‐reported PPI use. Data were derived from six phase 3 EBR/GZR trials with treatment‐naive or treatment‐experienced genotype 1‐ or 4‐infected patients, with or without compensated cirrhosis. Baseline PPI use was defined as ≥7 consecutive days of use between study days –7 and 7. Bivariate analyses assessed PPI use and factors associated with SVR12 with sex, age (continuous and dichotomous), cirrhosis status, prior treatment status, baseline HCV RNA (continuous and dichotomous), HCV genotype, and baseline resistance‐associated substitutions as variables in the models. Overall, 12% (162/1,322) of EBR/GZR‐treated patients reported baseline PPI use. Of those, 96% achieved SVR12. In patients without PPI use, 97% achieved SVR12. PPI use was not a predictive factor in achieving SVR12 based on a univariate analysis (P = 0.188). In the bivariate models, none of the interaction terms involving PPI use were statistically significant. There was no significant effect of PPI usage, regardless of adjustment for considered factors. The estimated area under the curve and maximum concentration values for EBR were comparable among patients with and without reported PPI use. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that PPI use with EBR/GZR had no clinically significant effect on SVR12 rates in genotype 1/4‐infected patients with or without compensated cirrhosis. (clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT02092350, NCT02105467, NCT02105662, NCT02105688, NCT02105701, NCT02358044) (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:757–764)
Coordination and simplexity in modelling air traffic control as a service: The case of NAV Portugal
Authors: Antunes Pedro , Cranefield Jocelyn
Published: August 2017

This study analyses a unique, revelatory case of service modelling in a complex organisation providing air traffic control. The study analyses broad modelling activities, including information elicitation, analysis, and organisation, undertaken by a small team internal to the organisation that so far has spent about 2,400 person‐hours of effort in the project. The study follows a qualitative approach in the interpretivist tradition based on interviews and document analysis. The study analyses the project framework, modelling notations, data collection, collaboration, modelling activities, and project outputs. The findings are interpreted in light of two theoretical lenses: coordination and simplexity. The study suggests that simplexity is beneficial for structuring the modelling of complex, knowledge‐based services. A pattern was identified combining an initial step promoting simplicity and establishing communication with the stakeholders, followed by a second step acquiring complexity of understanding. Considering the mechanisms defined by coordination theory (flow, share, and fit), the study suggests a predominance of the fit mechanism in modelling knowledge‐based services. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the challenges of modelling work through cognitive and knowledge‐based lenses and identifies possible strategies to overcome these challenges. The paper also contributes to the emergent literature on simplexity by applying that particular lens to work modelling.
A knowledge audit model for requirement elicitation: A case study to assess knowledge in requirement elicitation
Authors: Taheri Laleh , Shafazand Mohammad Yasser , Pa Noraini Che , Abdullah Rusli , Abdullah Salfarina
Published: August 2017

This paper aims to develop a knowledge audit (KA) model with the focus on knowledge assessment in the requirements elicitation process (REP) to allay the problems of REP regarding knowledge communication. The principal problems with REP are knowledge conflict and the failure to mention a variety of knowledge and requirements changes. Despite of many existing studies relating to KA, inadequate effort has been directed towards investigating the full part played by the KA process in REP. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this gap using a software prototype that uses the KA model in the REP. This study proposes a KA model using an iterative triangulation method. The proposed model is validated through a case study by using a software prototype developed based on the proposed KA model to see if this KA model is effective for software developers in REP by improving the completeness, correctness, and understandability of the elicited requirements knowledge. Research findings are based on responses of 40 respondents from software development organizations. The results of case study confirmed the effectiveness of KA model for REP with respect to completeness, correctness, and understandability. This research answers the call to assess knowledge in REP by developing a KA model and prototype to fill the existing gap in this area. Overall, a KA model for REP is introduced and validated to identify and assess knowledge that supports knowledge communication in REP.
The clinical impact of bedside fiberoptic laryngoscopic recording on a tertiary consult service
Authors: Lozada Kirkland N. , Morton Kathryn , Stepan Katelyn , Capo Joseph , Chai Raymond L.
Published: August 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

Fiberoptic laryngoscopy is dependent on accurate descriptions of examination findings. Traditional recording methods can be impractical for inpatient consults. Therefore, we aim to determine the utility of a smartphone‐coupled portable recording system with flexible laryngoscopy for transmitting information between resident and attending physicians in a real‐time setting.

Study Design

Pilot prospective study in a tertiary academic hospital.

Methods

This is a prospective study of inpatient consultations in a tertiary referral hospital over a 3‐month period from April 2015 to June 2015. Flexible laryngoscopy was performed by a resident physician, and mobile recordings were relayed to an attending physician. Concordance of laryngoscopy interpretations between resident and attending physicians as well as changes in management were documented.

Results

Seventy‐nine fiberoptic examinations were recorded and compared. Each consult was categorized as follows: airway evaluation (AE) (43%, 34/79), voice evaluation (VE) (3.7%, 3/79), dysphagia (D) (24%, 19/79), and aerodigestive tract mass/pathology (ADM) (29.1%, 23/79). Nine examinations showed discordance between resident and attending interpretations. Inter‐rater agreement was good, with a kappa value of 0.747 (95% confidence interval: 0.643‐0.851). The frequency of discordant exams within each group was as follows: AE (15%, 5/34), VE (33%, 1/3), D (11%, 2/19), and ADM (4.3%, 1/23). In five patients, changes in laryngoscopy interpretation changed clinical management. Seven nondiscordant exams had a change in management after attending review. Of the 79 exams, only one required repeat flexible laryngoscopy by the attending physician.

Conclusions

Portable recording of flexible laryngoscopy is an effective tool for timely management of inpatient consultations.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:818–822, 2018
Preparation and corrosion resistance of Ni‐P bilayer on magnesium alloy
Authors: Yuan J. , Gao Y. , Wang J. H. , Hu W. B.
Published: August 2017

Ni‐P bilayers were prepared on AZ61 magnesium alloy by electroless plating method in dual baths with pH value of 11.0 and 5.5. The thickness, surface morphology, composition, structure and corrosion resistance of Ni‐P bilayer were observed and determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX), X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) and electrochemical workstation. The results show that Ni‐P bilayer is composed of inner layer in mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline structure with phosphorus content of 3.9–4.0% and outer layer in amorphous structure with phosphorus content of 8.8–10.9%. The plating time of inner layer has a great impact on the morphology and corrosion resistance of Ni‐P monolayer and bilayer, and the corrosion resistance of Ni‐P bilayer is obviously higher than that of inner layer. The optimum plating condition for Ni‐P bilayer is the combination of inner layer's plating time of 30 min and outer layer's plating time of 180 min, under which Ni‐P bilayer gets a dense structure, smooth surface and higher corrosion resistance than that of single inner layer and outer layer.
Direct comparison of in vivo versus postmortem second‐order motion‐compensated cardiac diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Stoeck Christian T. , von Deuster Constantin , Fleischmann Thea , Lipiski Miriam , Cesarovic Nikola , Kozerke Sebastian
Published: August 2017

Purpose

To directly compare in vivo versus postmortem second‐order motion‐compensated spin‐echo diffusion tensor imaging of the porcine heart.

Methods

Second‐order motion‐compensated spin‐echo cardiac diffusion tensor imaging was performed during systolic contraction in vivo and repeated upon cardiac arrest by bariumchloride without repositioning of the study animal or replaning of imaging slices. In vivo and postmortem reproducibility was assessed by repeat measurements. Comparison of helix, transverse, and sheet (E2A) angulation as well as mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy was performed.

Results

Intraclass correlation coefficients for repeated measurements (postmortem/in vivo) were 0.95/0.96 for helix, 0.70/0.66 for transverse, and 0.79/0.72 for E2A angulation; 0.83/0.72 for mean diffusivity; and 0.78/0.76 for fractional anisotropy. The corresponding 95% levels of agreement across the left ventricle were: helix 14 to 18°/12 to 15°, transverse 9 to 10°/10 to 11°, E2A 15 to 20°/16 to 18°. The 95% levels of agreement across the left ventricle for the comparison of postmortem versus in vivo were 20 to 22° for helix, 13 to 19° for transverse, and 24 to 31° for E2A angulation.

Conclusions

Parameters derived from in vivo second‐order motion‐compensated spin‐echo diffusion tensor imaging agreed well with postmortem imaging, indicating sufficient suppression of motion‐induced signal distortions of in vivo cardiac diffusion tensor imaging. Magn Reson Med 79:2265–2276, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Fast 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting for a whole‐brain coverage
Authors: Ma Dan , Jiang Yun , Chen Yong , McGivney Debra , Mehta Bhairav , Gulani Vikas , Griswold Mark
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to accelerate the acquisition and reconstruction time of 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting scans.

Methods

A 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting scan was accelerated by using a single‐shot spiral trajectory with an undersampling factor of 48 in the x‐y plane, and an interleaved sampling pattern with an undersampling factor of 3 through plane. Further acceleration came from reducing the waiting time between neighboring partitions. The reconstruction time was accelerated by applying singular value decomposition compression in k‐space. Finally, a 3D premeasured B1 map was used to correct for the B1 inhomogeneity.

Results

The T1 and T2 values of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology MRI phantom showed a good agreement with the standard values, with an average concordance correlation coefficient of 0.99, and coefficient of variation of 7% in the repeatability scans. The results from in vivo scans also showed high image quality in both transverse and coronal views.

Conclusions

This study applied a fast acquisition scheme for a fully quantitative 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting scan with a total acceleration factor of 144 as compared with the Nyquist rate, such that 3D T1, T2, and proton density maps can be acquired with whole‐brain coverage at clinical resolution in less than 5 min. Magn Reson Med 79:2190–2197, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Marketing expense and financial performance in arts and cultural organizations
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Ha Kyoungnam Catherine , Kim Youngseon
Published: August 2017

Nonprofit arts and cultural organizations use marketing to sustain viability. This study uses data from the Cultural Data Project to examine the effects of marketing on revenue in arts and cultural organizations. The current analysis demonstrates that total marketing expense is positively related to total revenue. Marketing expense used for fund‐raising positively influences donation income, as intended, whereas commercial income is not affected. Alternatively, marketing expense for programs positively influences both commercial income, as intended, and donation income. The novel finding from this study is that marketing expense mainly targeting non‐donor ticket buyers not only increases commercial income but also augments donation income in arts and cultural organizations.
Coping with weight stigma: development and validation of a Brief Coping Responses Inventory
Authors: Hayward L. E. , Vartanian L. R. , Pinkus R. T.
Published: August 2017

People who are overweight or obese are frequently stigmatized because of their weight, but there has been limited exploration of how people cope with these experiences. The Coping Responses Inventory (CRI) assesses a wide range of coping strategies in response to weight stigma; however, its length (99 items) may have prevented it from being widely used. The aim of the current research (four studies; total N = 1,391) was to develop and validate a Brief CRI. This 10‐item measure consists of two subscales that assess core coping responses to weight stigma: reappraisal and disengagement coping. Reappraisal coping is an adaptive form of coping that is associated with greater well‐being, whereas disengagement coping reflects a maladaptive form of coping that is associated with poorer well‐being. The Brief CRI provides a quick and effective way to assess coping with weight stigma, and its use has the potential to advance an understanding of the consequences of weight stigma.
Medication contaminants as a potential cause of anaphylaxis to vincristine
Authors: Hill David A. , Leahy Allison Barz , Sciasci Joseph , O'Neill Sean P. , Reilly Anne , Balamuth Naomi , Seeholzer Steven H. , Spergel Jonathan M. , Brown‐Whitehorn Terri F.
Published: August 2017

Vincristine (VCR) is a vinca alkaloid and common chemotherapeutic that is used to treat multiple pediatric and adult malignancies. Despite its common use, cases of anaphylaxis to VCR are rare and typically isolated to a single individual. We report a series of eight patients with adverse reactions to VCR over the course of 11 months at a single institution, four of which progressed to anaphylaxis and one of which resulted in cardiac arrest. Mass spectrometry analysis of medication lots was performed to test for possible contaminant(s). Our findings highlight the risk of anaphylaxis during therapy with VCR.