bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel mechanism for OSM-promoted extracellular matrix remodeling in breast cancer: LOXL2 upregulation and subsequent ECM alignment
Authors: Dinca Simion C. , Greiner Daniel , Weidenfeld Keren , Bond Laura , Barkan Dalit , Jorcyk Cheryl L.
Published: August 2020

Background: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a serious problem for patients as it metastasizes, decreasing 5-year patient survival from >95% to ~27%. The breast tumor microenvironment (TME) is often saturated with proinflammatory cytokines, such as oncostatin M (OSM), which promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in IDC and increased metastasis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) also plays an important role in promoting invasive and metastatic potential of IDC. Specifically, the reorganization and alignment of collagen fibers in stromal ECM leads to directed tumor cell motility, which promotes metastasis. Lysyl oxidase like-2 (LOXL2) catalyzes ECM remodeling by crosslinking of collagen I in the ECM. We propose a novel mechanism whereby OSM induces LOXL2 expression, mediating stromal ECM remodeling of the breast TME.Methods: Bioinformatics was utilized to determine survival and gene correlation in patients. IDC cell lines were treated with OSM (also IL-6, LIF, and IL-1β) and analyzed for LOXL2 expression by qRT-PCR and immunolabelling techniques. Collagen I contraction assays and confocal microscopy were performed with and without LOXL2 inhibition to determine the impact of OSM-induced LOXL2 on the ECM. Alignment was analyzed using CurveAlign4.0.Results: Our studies demonstrate that IDC patients with high LOXL2 and OSM co-expression had worse rates of metastasis-free survival than those with high levels of either, individually, and LOXL2 expression is positively correlated to OSM/ OSM receptor (OSMR) expression in IDC patients. Furthermore, human IDC cells treated with OSM resulted in a significant increase in LOXL2 mRNA, which led to upregulated protein expression of secreted, glycosylated, and enzymatically active LOXL2. The expression of LOXL2 in IDC cells did not affect OSM-promoted EMT, and LOXL2 was localized to the cytoplasm and/or secreted. OSM-induced LOXL2 promoted an increase in ECM collagen I fiber crosslinking, which led to significant fiber alignment between cells. Conclusions: Aligned collagen fibers in the ECM provide pathways for tumor cells to migrate more easily through the stroma to nearby vasculature and tissue. Taken together, these results provide a new paradigm through which proinflammatory cytokine OSM promotes tumor progression. Understanding the nuances in IDC metastasis will lead to better potential therapeutics to combat against the possibility.
Modeling the Factors Associated with Mortality in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Iraji Zeynab , Dolatkhah Roya , Koshki Tohid Jafari
Published: August 2020

Background: Breast cancer (BC) was the fifth leading cause of death worldwide in 2015 and the second leading cause of death in Iran in 2012. This study aimed to model the factors associated with mortality in patients with BC utilizing the machine learning approach.Methods: We used data of patients with primary BC during 2007-2016 in Tabriz, Iran. The data were analyzed using decision tree (DT), boosted tree (BT), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and generalized additive model (GAM) with inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) technique to assess the risk factors of mortality. The models were compared by using diagnostic accuracy measures.Results: Accuracy of the models ranged from 76.0 to 93.0%, with sensitivity of 82.5-98.8% and specificity of 72.2-99.4%. The GAM fit the data best with accuracy of 93.0% (95% CI: [90.5, 95.0]), sensitivity of 98.8% (95% CI: [96.9, 99.7]) and specificity of 84.3% (95% CI: [78.8, 88.9]) where non-linear effect of age (p-value = 0.006), grade (p-value = 0.024) and time to event (p-value < 0.001) on mortality were significant. Conclusion: The GAM seems to be an optimal model for classifying the mortality in patients with BC. Considering the time to event, age and grade, as the prognostic factors obtained by GAM, more accurate prevention planning may be designed.
Tumor Co-Expression of Progranulin and Sortilin Identifies a Highly Malignant Subgroup of Breast Cancer
Authors: Berger Karoline , Rhost Sara , Rafnsdóttir Svanheiður , Hughes Éamon , Magnusson Ylva , Ekholm Maria , Stål Olle , Rydén Lisa , Landberg Göran
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe growth factor progranulin has been implicated in numerous biological processes such as wound healing, inflammation and progressive tumorigenesis. Both progranulin and its receptor sortilin are known to be highly expressed in subgroups of breast cancer and have been associated with various clinical properties including tamoxifen resistance. Recent data further suggest that progranulin via its receptor sortilin can drive breast cancer stem cell propagation as well as increased metastasis formation in an in vivo breast cancer xenograft model. In this retrospective biomarker analysis, we aimed to determine whether tumor co-expression of progranulin and sortilin has prognostic and treatment predictive values for breast cancer patients.Patients and MethodsWe explored how co-expression of progranulin and sortilin was associated with established clinical markers by analyzing a tissue microarray including 560 randomized premenopausal breast cancer patients receiving either two years of tamoxifen treatment or no adjuvant treatment, with a median follow-up time of 28 years. Breast cancer-specific survival were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox Proportional Hazards regression models to assess the prognostic and predictive value of progranulin and sortilin in relation to known clinical markers.ResultsCo-expression of progranulin and sortilin was observed in 20% of the breast cancer samples. In untreated patients, prognostic considerations could be detailed separately from treatment prediction and the high progranulin and sortilin expressing subgroup was significantly associated with breast cancer-specific death in multivariable analyses (HR=2.188, CI: 1.317-3.637, p=0.003) along with tumor size, high tumor grade and lymph node positivity. When comparing the untreated patients with tamoxifen treated patients in the ERα positive subgroup, co-expression of progranulin and sortilin was not linked to tamoxifen resistance. ConclusionData suggests that co-expression of progranulin and its receptor sortilin is a novel prognostic biomarker combination identifying a highly malignant subgroup of breast cancer. Importantly, this subpopulation could potentially be targeted with anti-sortilin based therapies.
Eskatologi Dalam Padangan Hassan Hanafi dan Fazlurrahman (Studi Komparatif Epistemologi Ilmu Kalam)
Authors: Nurhidayanti Nurhidayanti
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The epistemology of the science of kalam of eschatology has become a part of the attention of some of the figures because it includes several branches of science. Such epistemology philosophy, The science of kalam or theology and tasawwuf. In this article, the discussion of eschatology reviewed in the science of kalam the vehicle between the two Islamic thinkers namely Hassan Hanafi and Fazlurrahman. Both offer methodology in assessing the theology which is not only limited to the concept of the formation of dogmas religious but looked at more broadly, see the social conditions as a way to re-educate, sensitize and promote the community. Among the discussion of the theology of the most important is about eschatology where the future of religion. Both figures, making the historical method in the study the concept of eschatology in Islam. The discussion of the eschatology of course discuss the world and the hereafter, but in this paper only focuses on the view between the two regarding the nature barzah, heaven, and hell.

Keywords: Eskatologi, Hassan Hanafi, Fazlur rahman.

 

Abstrak

Epistemologi ilmu kalam mengenai eskatologi telah menjadi bagian perhatian beberapa tokoh karena mencakup beberapa cabang ilmu pengetahuan. Diantaranya epistemologi filsafat, ilmu kalamatau teologi dan tasawwuf. Dalam artikel ini pembahasan mengenai eskatologi ditinjau dalam ilmu kalam yang mengkomparasikan antara dua pemikir Islam yaitu Hassan Hanafi dan Fazlurrahman. Keduanya menawarkan metodologi dalam mengkaji teologi yang tidak hanya terbatas pada konsep pembentukan dogma-dogma keagamaan akan tetapi memandang lebih luas, melihat kondisi sosial sebagai jalan untuk memahamkan, menyadarkan dan memajukan masyarakat. Diantara pembahasan teologi yang terpenting adalah mengenai eskatologi diamana masa depan sebuah ajaran agama. Kedua tokoh tersebut, menjadikan metode sejarah dalam mengkaji konsep eskatologi dalam Islam. Pembahasan eskatologi tentunya membahas mengenai dunia dan akhirat, namun dalam tulisan ini hanya fokus pandangan antara keduanya mengenai alam barzah, surga dan neraka.

Kata Kunci: Eskatologi, Hassan Hanafi, Fazlurrahman.
Reconstruction of Dakwah Verses
Authors: Rasidin Mhd. , Witro Doli , Purwaningsih Rahma Fitria
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Da’wah is an activity of inviting others to strengthen the faith of Muslims. The Prophet Muhammad has given examples of how Dakwah should be done. People who accept the materials of Dakwah depend on the way of ulama’s deliver the messages. Then, ulama’ will encounter problems whether people accept or reject what they said. The adherents of radicalism in Islam believe that the teaching of Islam should be presented in many ways, including coercion and violence. This understanding is based on how they interpret some verses in the Quran about dakwah. This paper will try to reconstruct some verses and how the dakwah should be conducted inclusively by describing the ethics of dawah. So, the image of dakwah is not only about the propagation of the Islamic Religion to convert non-muslim to Islam, but also strengthening and deepening the faith of Muslims and helping them lead their daily lives in conformity with Islamic principles.

Keywords: Da’wah, Radicalism, Al-Qur’an.

Abstrak                                                          

Dakwah adalah aktivitas untuk mengundang orang lain dalam upaya menguatkan keimanan. Nabi Muhammad telah memberikan contoh bagaimana seharusnya dakwah dilakukan. Masyarakat menerima dakwah tergantung pada bagaimana ulama menyampaikan pesan-pesannya. Dimana kemudian, seringkali para ulama tersebut menghadapi berbagai persoalan apakah pesan tersebut diterima atau justru ditolak oleh masyarakat. Pada titik ini, para penganut radikalisme percaya bahwa ajaran Islam harus disampaikan secara tegas, bahkan jika harus dengan pemaksaan dan kekerasan. Pemahaman ini hadir berdasarkan pemahaman mereka terhadap ayat-ayat AlQuran. Artikel ini berupaya untuk merekonstruksi beberapa ayat AlQuran tentang bagaimana dakwah seharusnya dilakukan secara inklusif, dengan menjelaskan etika dakwah. Sehingga, gambaran tentang dakwah tidak hanya propaganda agama agar non muslim masuk islam, tetapi lebih pada penguatan dan pendalaman keimanan dan membantu masyarakat dalam memahami prinsip-prinsip keagamaan.

Kata Kunci: Dakwah, Radikalisme, Al-Qur’an.
Fahisyah Dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: As’adah Rifqi
Published: August 2020

Abstract

In the discussion of this paper, the author tries to trace the meaning of fâhisyah by describing the actual meaning of the word f fâhisyah contained in of the Qur'an, by classifying and by examining the word fâhisyah in accordance its context. The method used by the author is munâsabah (internal relation), with some quotations from the dictionary, exegesis works, and hadits corroborating the exploration. This method will answer the problem of to whom and what for the word fâhisyah is used. This study presents the meaning of fâhisyah in the Qur'an in a more comprehensive and representative way and will make the use of the word fâhisyah and it is content in the Qur’an clear.

Keywords: Fâhisyah, Mûjam, Classification Makkah-Civil, Hadith.

 

Abstrak

Dalam pembahasan tulisan ini penulis mencoba menelusuri makna fâhisyah dengan menggambarkan makna sebenarnya dari kata fâhisyah yang terkandung dalam Al-Qur'an, dengan mengklasifikasikan dan dengan memeriksa kata fâhisyah sesuai konteksnya. Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah munâsabah (hubungan internal), dengan beberapa kutipan dari kamus, karya tafsir, dan hadis yang menguatkan eksplorasi. Metode ini akan menjawab masalah kepada siapa dan untuk apa fâhisyah digunakan. Studi ini menyajikan makna fâhisyah dalam Al-Qur’an dengan cara yang lebih komprehensif dan representatif dan akan membuat penggunaan kata fâhisyah dan isinya dalam Al-Qur’an menjadi jelas.

Kata Kunci: Fahisyah, Mû’jam, Klasifikasi Makkah-Madani, Hadis.
Ilmu Dalam Perspektif Imam Al-Ghazali
Authors: Mubarok Muhammad Fadhlulloh
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Science is the obligation of muslims to open the horizons of the islamic world yag rooted in the revelation of the Qur'an and the Sunnah, supported by akaluntuk the development of Islamic education. The islamic life is very closely connected with education, in order to continue generasa young intellect and know religion. A figure of islam Al-Imam Al-Ghazali is an expert philosopher famous with his work we Ihya; Ulumuddin (reviving the knowledge of religion). In the book of Ihya ‘Ulumuddin explained about the concept of science that can be drawn as a reference of scientific a muslim. in the works of Al-Ghazali explained in detail about the meaning of the concept of science which is very important for the development of islamic religious education. Al-Ghazali divides knowledge into two categories, namely: fardhu ‘ain and fardhu kifayah. Therefore, the concept of education should be started from the fard ‘ain fardhu kifayah.

Keywords: Of Science, Imam Al-Ghazali, Fard ‘Ain, Fard Kifayah.

 

Abstrak

Ilmu merupakan kewajiban muslim untuk membuka cakrawala dunia islam yag bersumber pada wahyu Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah dengan didukung oleh akaluntuk perkembangan pendidikan Islam. Kehidupan islam sangat erat hubungannya dengan pendidikan, demi meneruskan generasa muda yang intelek dan tahu agama. Seorang tokoh islam Al-Imam Al-Ghazali merupakan ahli filosof masyhur dengan karyanya kita Ihya; Ulumuddin (menghidupkan kembali pengetahuan agama). Dalam kitab Ihya ‘Ulumuddin dijelaskan tentang konsep keilmuan yang dapat ditarik sebagai rujukan ilmiah seorang muslim. dalam karya Al-Ghazali dijelaskan secara detail tentang makna konsep keilmuan yang sangat penting demi perkembangan pendidikan agama islam. Al-Ghazali membagi ilmu menjadi dua kategori yaitu: fardhu ‘ain dan fardhu kifayah. Oleh karena itu, konsep pendidikan seharusnya dimulai dari yang fardhu ‘ain untuk fardhu kifayah.

Kata Kunci: Ilmu, Imam Al-Ghazali, Fardhu ‘Ain, Fardhu Kifayah.
Vasilseverginite, Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral with a hybrid structure containing novel anion-centered tetrahedral structural units
Authors: Pekov Igor V. , Britvin Sergey N. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Vigasina Marina F. , Turchkova Anna G. , Sidorov Evgeny G.
Published: August 2020

The new mineral vasilseverginite, ideally Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2, was found in the Arsenatnaya fumarole at the second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It is associated with tenorite, lammerite, stranskiite, lammerite-β, langbeinite, dolerophanite, sanidine, hematite, and gahnite. Vasilseverginite occurs as prismatic crystals up to 0.02 × 0.02 × 0.06 mm3 combined in groups or interrupted crusts up to 1 × 2 cm2 in area and up to 0.1 mm thick. It is transparent, bright green, with vitreous luster. Dcalc is 4.41 g·cm−3. Vasilseverginite is optically biaxial (–), α 1.816(5), β 1.870(5), γ 1.897(5), estimated 2V is 30(15)°. Chemical composition (wt%, electron-microprobe) is: CuO 64.03, ZnO 0.79, Fe2O3 0.25, P2O5 0.05, As2O5 20.83, SO3 14.92, total 100.87. The empirical formula calculated on O = 20 apfu is (Cu8.78Zn0.11Fe0.033+)Σ8.92As1.98P0.01S2.03O20. Vasilseverginite is monoclinic, P21/n, a = 8.1131(4), b = 9.9182(4), c = 11.0225(5) Å, β = 110.855(2)°, V = 828.84(6) Å3, and Z = 2. The strongest reflections in the powder XRD pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are: 7.13(41)(101), 5.99(70)(110, 111), 5.260(100)(101), 4.642(46)(111), 3.140(31)(031), 2.821(35)(023), 2.784(38)(132, 032), 2.597(35)(204), and 2.556(50) (231, 212). The crystal structure, solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, R1 = 0.025, is based upon complex [O4Cu9]10+ layers parallel to (101) that are composed of edge- and corner-sharing (OCu4) tetrahedra. The topology is unprecedented in inorganic structural chemistry. The crystal structure can be considered a hybrid of the structures of popovite Cu5O2(AsO4)2 and dolerophanite Cu2O(SO4) according to the scheme Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2 = Cu5O2(AsO4)2 + 2Cu2O(SO4). The chemical hybridization does not result in a significant increase in chemical complexity of vasilseverginite compared to the sum of those of popovite and dolerophanite, whereas the structural hybridization leads to the doubling of structural information per unit cell. The mineral is named in memory of the outstanding Russian mineralogist, geologist, and chemist Vasiliy Mikhailovich Severgin (1765–1826).
Role and relevance of three enabling conditions to resolve inter-provincial water conflicts in the Indus basin within Pakistan
Authors: Janjua Shahmir , Hassan Ishtiaq , Islam Shafiqul
Published: August 2020

Addressing water access, allocation, and use becomes a complex problem when it crosses multiple boundaries: political, jurisdictional, and societal, as well as ecological, biogeochemical, and physical. This paper focuses on transboundary water management (TWM) problems among the riparians with conflicting needs and competing demands. The complexity of TWM problems arises because of interdependencies among variables, processes, actors, and institutions operating at various scales. For such situations, the traditional notion of necessary and sufficient causal conditions is not adequate to resolve TWM problems. In essence, the resolution of many TWM issues becomes contingent upon the changes that occur within the context of the problem. A key for initiating and sustaining the resolution of complex TWM issues appears to be a set of enabling conditions, not any easily identifiable and replicable causal conditions or mechanisms. Thus, before analyzing and addressing contingent and situational factors important for any TWM issues, this paper argues for a reframing of these issues and examining the role and relevance of three enabling conditions. Using the inter-provincial water conflicts for the Indus basin within Pakistan as an illustrative case, it shows why over 30 years of dialog and discourse could not create any formal water allocation agreement. Then, it discusses how the Water Apportionment Accord of 1991 created the enabling conditions to address inter-provincial water conflicts within Pakistan in an adaptive way.
Analysis of trace organics and its correlation with COD in condensate from natural gas to hydrogen production
Authors: Fan Peipei , Zhang Lin , Liu Zongjian , Zhang Weidong , Cui Qun , Wang Haiyan
Published: August 2020

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace organics in the condensate and its correlation with chemical oxygen demand (COD) is the key to the research on the reuse technology of condensate (condensate) from natural gas to hydrogen production process. The contents of anions, COD, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were measured by ion chromatography and the TOC analyzer. Trace organics in the condensate and its correlation with COD was investigated in this paper. Results show that the contents of COD and TOC is 74.1 and 17.81 mg/L, respectively, and the anions in the condensate are mainly Cl−, I−, and , etc. The condensate mainly contains small molecule organics including methanol, ethanol and formic acid with the content of 41.4, 2.1 and 3.2 mg/L, respectively. The spiked recovery of methanol, ethanol and formic acid is 96.1%, 100.2% and 103.9% by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. Methanol is the main source of COD in the condensate, and the contribution rate reaches up to 83.8%. The removal of trace methanol can significantly reduce the COD of the condensate. This work might provide basic data for reasonable recovery and utilization of condensate in the hydrogen production process.
Estrogenic Effect of Salvia officinalis Extract on Reproductive Function of Female Mice and Identification of Its Phenolic Content
Authors: Elgayed Sabah H. , Afify Elham A. , Amin Hanan A. , Abdellatif Ahmed A. H.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Natural Phytoestrogens present in plants are effective hormonal replacement
therapy. They are converted to estrogenic substances in the gastrointestinal tract, which is considered
as the natural alternative to estrogen substitute treatment for postmenopausal women.

Aim and Objective:

Salvia officinalis, a herb traditionally used to ameliorate postmenopausal
complications, can provide a safe alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals for the treatment of
menopause. Therefore, it is conceivable to detect the possible estrogenic effect of Salvia Officinalis
extract as an estrogen replacement therapy in female mice.

Methods:

Phytochemical, pharmacological, and immune histopathological techniques are adopted
in this study. HPLC is used for the identification of extracted constituents of sage herb. The
uterotrophic activity of the extract was determined in immature female mice. Moreover, the mean
thickness and luminal epithelium and the photomicrographs of the luminal epithelium of the uterus
were also studied.

Results:

HPLC revealed that quercetin is the major extracted constituent (28.6%) of the total
components. Saliva officinalis extract produced a significant increase in the uterine dry weight of
equal potency to estrogen. The uterus exhibited a significant increase in luminal epithelial cell
height (43.3 ± 6.1μm and 36.5 ± 2.5μm) for estradiol and sage extract, respectively, compared with
the control group (18.2 ± 3.5μm). Furthermore, the endometrium showed the lining epithelium
formed of a single layer of columnar epithelium. The stroma seemed more voluminous with dilated
vasculature. Conversely, the myometrium within the uterus was not affected in any of the
experimental groups.

Conclusion:

The sage herbs induced proliferative changes in the uteri of treated mice, which
suggest possible estrogenic properties. Saliva officinalis extract can be used as a hormonal
replacement for women during menopause and could be further explored for contraceptive use.
Recent Advances in the Development of Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Singh Shailendra , Karthikeyan Chandrabose , Moorthy N.S. Hari Narayana
Published: August 2020

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in the production of fatty
acids for lipid biosynthesis. FASN is overexpressed in multiple diseases like cancer, viral, nonalcoholic
fatty liver disease, and metabolic disorders, making it an attractive target for new drug discovery
for these diseases. In cancer, FASN affects the structure and function of the cellular membrane
by channelizing with signaling pathways along with the post-translational palmitoylation of proteins.
There are several natural and synthetic FASN inhibitors reported in the literature, a few examples are
GSK 2194069 (7.7 nM), imidazopyridine (16 nM), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (42.0 μg/ml) and platensimycin
(300 nM) but except for TVB-2640, none of the aforementioned inhibitors have made into
clinical trials. The present review summarizes the recent advancements made in anticancer drug discovery
targeting FASN. Furthermore, the review also provides insights into the medicinal chemistry of
small molecule inhibitors targeting different FASN enzyme domains, and also critically analyzes the
structural requirements for FASN inhibition with an objective to support rational design and development
of new generation FASN inhibitors with clinical potential in diseases like cancer.
Chronic Inflammatory-Modulating Potential of Cassia auriculata with Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-1beta and Its Anticancer Effect on Lung Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Anitha Rajagopal , Subashini Rajakannu , Kannayiram Gomathi , Gayathri Dasararaju
Published: August 2020

Background:

Inflammation is a key element in tumor progression, over time, persistent inflammation
causes damage to DNA and leads to cancer. The relationship between chronic inflammation and tumor development
is well established, blocking of which can help in cancer prevention and treatment in the future.

Objective:

Hence, with this background, the present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anticancer
potential of Cassia auriculata (CA) solvent fractions through in silico and in vitro means, respectively.

Methods:

Generally, inflammatory mediators play a key task in chronic inflammation, following its inflection
was chosen for their interactions with nine structurally varied phytoconstituents of CA identified through GCMS.
The ethanolic extract of CA was assessed for its apoptotic effects on A549 lung cancer cells by 3-(4,5-
dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, JC-10 staining, DNA fragmentation assay
and quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results:

The interactions between bioactive components and target protein revealed that important molecules
like 5,7-dihydroxy-2-[2-nethoxyphenyl]- 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, a flavonoid, and three other components can
bind target interleukin 1-beta associated with lung cancer. In vitro data also confirmed that the diverse active
components of CA extract might follow the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway to provoke cancer cell death.

Conclusions:

Hence, these findings strongly propose that Cassia auriculata (CA) solvent fractions could be
exploited in the future to design ligands for obtaining novel leads for treating chronic inflammation linked with
lung cancer, and also the extracts of CA can be recommended as a potential agent for lung cancer chemotherapy.
Scutellarin Suppresses RPMI7951 Melanoma Cell Proliferation by Targeting TOPK
Authors: Mu Xin , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Zixi , Ge Rui , Zhang Jian , Liu Wenli , Mou Kuanhou , Lv Shemin
Published: August 2020

Background:

T-LAK cell-Originated Protein Kinase (TOPK) belongs to the serine/threonine protein
kinase family. It is highly expressed in RPMI7951 melanoma cells. Scutellarin (SCU) is an active ingredient
extracted from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.–Mazz. Its main physiological functions are related to its
anti-inflammatory and antitumour activities.

Methods:

The relationship between SCU and TOPK was assessed by molecular docking, an in vitro binding
assay and an in vitro kinase assay. The effect of SCU on RPMI7951 cells was detected by MTS and soft agar
assays. TOPK knockdown was induced by lentiviral infection. The TOPK downstream signalling pathway was
detected by western blot and immunohistochemical analyses in vitro and in vivo.

Results:

SCU was found to directly bind with TOPK and inhibit TOPK activity in vitro. SCU inhibited the
proliferation and colony formation of RPMI7951 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing TOPK decreased
the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to SCU. SCU inhibited the phosphorylation levels of Extracellular Regulated
protein Kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and histone H3 in a time- and dose-dependent manner in RPMI7951 cells. In
addition, SCU inhibited the growth of xenograft tumours of RPMI7951 cells and decreased the phosphorylation
levels of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 and histone H3 in vivo.

Conclusion:

The results showed that SCU exerts promising antitumour effects on human RPMI7951 cells by
inhibiting the activity of TOPK.
Molecular Mechanism of a Specific NLRP3 Inhibitor to Alleviate Seizure Severity Induced by Pentylenetetrazole
Authors: Shen Kai , Jiang Wanzhi , Zhang Chunyan , Cai Liangliang , Wang Qin , Yu Haiyan , Tang Zhiyuan , Gu Zhifeng , Chen Bohua
Published: August 2020

Background:

While our previous research has demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome
is involved in epilepsy progression, the effects of the specific NLRP3 inhibitor CY-09 remain
poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of
CY-09 against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced neuronal loss in mice.

Methods:

The expressions of the proinflammatory factors interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 were
examined by western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Western blot analysis was applied
to detect the level of astrocyte activation. Neuronal apoptosis was determined by western blot
analysis combined with immunostaining specific for neuronal nuclei.

Results:

We found that CY-09 ameliorated the progression of the kindling process and inhibited
PTZ-induced neuronal loss by attenuating the activation of astrocytes and the secretion of NLRP3-
dependent neuroinflammation.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that CY-09 may represent an important treatment agent for
epilepsy and other NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases.
Improving Concrete Toughness by Aggregate Arrangement
Authors: Hubler Mija , Al Wakeel Shahlaa , Wang Boning
Published: August 2020

The focus of this research is to address the following open question: Can we engineer the distribution of coarse aggregate in concrete to improve crack growth resistance? A finite element study of aggregates distributed in a notched 3-point bending concrete sample shows that the stress field in front of the crack tip and in the entire concrete beam is carried differently when the aggregate is arranged in a more orderly manner. Based by this, the impact of coarse aggregate arrangement is confirmed experimentally. Fracture toughness is determined from notched 3-point bending samples prepared from the same mix with three types of casting approaches: One following ASTM C31, and two following the standardized casting method with raking and shear mixing to arrange particles in a more ordered manner. To evaluate the impact of these added casting steps to alter aggregate arrangement, X-ray computed tomography (XCT) data is collected of the particle positions for statistical analysis. XCT data shows that added raking and mixing during casting adjusts the arrangement of coarse aggregate with respect to each other in a systematic manner. The mechanical tests show increased toughness can be achieved when raking and shear mixing steps are added following the ASTM C31 casting process.
Canal y carne de corderos Santa Inés y cruces con Dorper o Texel: Un meta-análisis
Authors: Vega-Britez Gustavo Daniel , Pérez-Villalba Daisy , Lesmo-Duarte Nelson , Velazquez-Duarte José , Leonardo Ariádne , Retore Marciana , De Vargas-Junior Fernando
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. Evaluar las características cuantitativas de la canal y composición química de la carne de corderos puros Santa Inés (SI) y cruces con Dorper (DO-SI) o Texel (TX-SI), terminados en confinamiento, mediante un meta-análisis. Materiales y métodos. Bases de datos virtuales como Google Scholar, Science Direct y Scielo fueron utilizados para seleccionar los artículos cientifícos publicados desde el año 2000 a 2019. Palabras clave como genotipo, corderos, características de la canal y calidad de la carne, tanto en idioma español, portugués e inglés fueron utilizadas como criterios de inclusión de los artículos. De cada grupo genétipo, fueron evaluados: desempeño animal, características cuantitativas de la canal, cortes de la canal y composición química de la carne. Todos fueron incluidos en el análisis proveniente de 36 artículos científicos. Resultados. Peso corporal final, peso de la canal caliente, rendimiento de la canal fría y porcentaje de músculo no difieren entre los diferentes genotipos evaluados. Corderos DO-SI presentaron mayor consumo de materia seca, ganancia diario de peso, área de ojo de lomo y porcentaje de lomo. Composición química no fue influenciada por los genotipos. Conclusiones. En ambiente tropical y subtropical, corderos puros SI terminados en confinamiento presentan características cuantitativas de la canal y composición química similar a los corderos de cruces DO-SI y TX-SI.
Predicción del peso en canal al beneficio en conejos Nueva Zelanda a partir de medidas corporales
Authors: Montes-Vergara Donicer Eduardo , Lenis-Valencia Claudia Patricia , Hernandez-Herrera Darwin
Published: August 2020

Objetivo. Predecir del peso en canal a la edad de beneficio en conejos Nueva Zelanda a partir de medidas corporales. Materiales y métodos. En 100 machos Nueva Zelanda (NZ) criados de forma comercial de 60±3 días, con ayuno de 12 horas, se tomó el peso vivo (PV) el largo de cuerpo dorsal (LCDV) y ventral (LCVV), perímetro del tórax (PTV), largo de lomo (LLV), ancho de lomo (ALV), ancho de tórax (ATV) ancho de cabeza (ACV) largo de cabeza (LCV), perímetro de muslo (PMV), largo de muslo (LMV), perímetro del brazo (PBV) y largo del brazo (LBV). Los conejos fueron sacrificados, pesadas sus canales calientes (PCC) y se tomaron las mismas medidas antes descritas, en la canal. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y el rendimiento en canal caliente (RCC). Se estimaron los coeficientes de correlación con el PCC. Se estableció una ecuación de regresión del PCC, con el procedimiento “Stepwise Regression”. Resultados. Las variables in vivo fueron más homogéneas que en el animal en canal. El RCC fue 54.96±4.03%. La correlación más alta que se encontró con el PCC fue el PV (r= 0.84; p<0.0001). El PTV, PTC, PBV, PBV y ACV presentaron una correlaciones positivas (p<0.02). La ecuación de regresión que mejor se ajustó fue Yi= 86.5 + 0.52PV - 0.47LCDV - 12.9ACV (R2=0.97; Cp-Mallows= 2.62, p<0.01). Conclusiones. El RCC es similar a otros NZ de edad similar. Las medidas en el animal vivo predicen mejor el PCC. Estos resultados se pueden utilizar en programas de mejoramiento genético animal.
A Novel Auditory-Cognitive Training App for Delaying or Preventing the Onset of Dementia: Participatory Design With Stakeholders
Authors: Frost Emily , Porat Talya , Malhotra Paresh , Picinali Lorenzo
Published: August 2020

Background

Multiple gaming apps exist under the dementia umbrella for skills such as navigation; however, an app to specifically investigate the role of hearing loss in the process of cognitive decline is yet to be designed. There is a demonstrable gap in the utilization of games to further the knowledge of the potential relationship between hearing loss and dementia.

Objective

This study aims to identify the needs, facilitators, and barriers in designing a novel auditory-cognitive training gaming app.

Methods

A participatory design approach was used to engage key stakeholders across audiology and cognitive disorder specialties. Two rounds, including paired semistructured interviews and focus groups, were completed and thematically analyzed.

Results

A total of 18 stakeholders participated, and 6 themes were identified to inform the next stage of app development. These included congruence with hobbies, life getting in the way, motivational challenge, accessibility, addictive competition, and realism.

Conclusions

The findings can now be implemented in the development of the app. The app will be evaluated against outcome measures of speech listening in noise, cognitive and attentional tasks, quality of life, and usability.
Mineralogical, Geochemical, and Mechanical Characteristics of Intrusive Andesite Rock Slope in Sangon 2 Area, Kulon Progo Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Hendrayana Heru , Phyu Hnin Thandar , Indrawan I Gde Budi , Kamai Toshitaka
Published: August 2020

This study was carried out to investigate mineralogical, geochemical, and mechanical characteristics of intrusive igneous rock andesite consisting of Sangon 2 Slope located in Kulon Progo Mountains. Mineralogical characteristics of the rocks consisting of the slope were identified by visual observation of hand specimens in the field and petrographic and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses of the rock samples in the laboratory, which rock genetic classification was determined. Types of rock hydrothermal alterations were determined by the presence of key minerals identified in the petrographic and XRD analyses. Hydrothermal alteration intensity was determined by comparing the number of secondary minerals to the primary minerals observed in the petrographic analyses of thin sections by point counting method. Rock weathering degrees were determined in the field based on the visual characteristics and in the laboratory-based on the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) of the rock samples. The rock uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) was determined by point load and compression tests. The results showed that the rocks typically consisted of 6.37 to 74.3% plagioclase, 1.52 to 6.82% quartz, 7.81 to 17.2% hornblende, and 4.81% pyroxene minerals and, therefore, were classified as andesite. The presence of chlorite and calcite as secondary minerals in the andesite rock samples indicated that the parent andesite rocks had undergone prophylactic hydrothermal alteration. Meanwhile, the percentages of primary minerals to secondary minerals indicated that the andesite rocks had undergone weak to high alteration intensity. Based on the visual characteristics, the research area consisted of fresh, slightly, moderately, highly, and completely weathered andesite rocks, and residual soil. The CIA values of the rock samples increased with the increase in rock weathering degree. Rock weathering degrees identified by the visual characteristics appeared to be in good agreement with those classified based on the CIA. The lower part of the mine slope profile consisted of fresh and slightly and moderately weathered andesite rocks, which had relatively high strength and were classified as very strong rocks. Meanwhile, the upper part of the slope profile consisted of highly and completely weathered andesite rocks, which had low compressive strength.Keywords:  andesite, hydrothermal alteration, kulon progo,  prophylactic alteration, weathering
Dual Processing of Moral Conflicts in Media Entertainment and Their Effect on Moral Judgement and Moral Reasoning
Authors: Bennie Natalie L. , Tanner Ray Celeste , Krcmar Marina
Published: August 2020

Moral conflict occurs readily in everyday life. Rarely are moral decisions without some ambiguity. In part because moral conflict is so prevalent in life and in part because it seems to be intrinsically absorbing, moral conflict is often present in narrative entertainment as well. Prior research has used a dual-system model of cognitive processing to examine media narratives and has found that moral conflict results in more reflective and systematic processing. However, the research to date leaves several unanswered questions regarding how moral conflict narratives are processed and how that processing influences moral judgement and moral reasoning. Therefore, we utilize a moral conflict manipulation and a cognitive load experimental paradigm in two separate studies to specifically explore how 1) different cognitive processing systems are used to understand moral conflict narratives, and 2) how moral conflict then can influence moral judgement and moral reasoning. Results of these studies point to the fact that moral conflict is processed through a dual system but that these systems likely operate on different aspects of the narrative: we judge quickly and intuitively, and we reason slowly, offering complex reasons. Overriding our cognitive capacity, however, may result in a diminished ability to see moral complexity.
Mortalidad por influenza y neumonía en la Macrorregión del Centro de México: un análisis de sus tendencias y su distribución geográfico-climática
Authors: Zermeño Díaz David Maximiliano , Mendoza Leticia Gómez , Acuña Soto Rodolfo
Published: August 2020

Este estudio investiga dos aspectos de la mortalidad por influenza y neumonía en la Macrorregión del Centro de México: (i) sus tendencias recientes (1979-2015) y (ii) su distribución geográfico-climática. Para ello, se ocuparon los reportes mensuales de defunciones del Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud (SINAIS) a nivel municipal, los datos poblacionales de cuatro censos nacionales y los datos de temperatura (T) y humedad (ed) media mensual de la base de datos CRU-TS4.01 de la Universidad de East Anglia, Reino Unido. Los resultados respecto a (i) muestran que, pese al incremento poblacional durante los últimos años (del 80%), las tasas de mortalidad registraron una tendencia negativa significativa (del 60%). Respecto a (ii), los resultados indican que la mayor mortalidad ocurre principalmente sobre tres regiones frías y secas (T < 16°C y ed < 10 hPa) sobre el Altiplano Central, sobre las regiones montañosas de la Sierra Madre Occidental y la Sierra Madre Oriental. Esta relación mortalidad-clima, explica patrones medios, pero no anómalos, por lo que las tendencias registradas de mortalidad no pueden ser directamente relacionadas a tendencias en el clima. Similarmente, esta relación tampoco explica la mortalidad sobre las megaciudades de Ciudad de México, Guadalajara y Puebla; la mortalidad sobre estas ciudades está muy por debajo de la media de la macrorregión. Ambas excepciones sugieren que, una explicación más completa de las causas de los patrones de mortalidad en la macrorregión estudiada, necesariamente tendría que considerar factores no climáticos, como los biológicos, socio-económicos o culturales.
geografía de la educación para el siglo XXI
Authors: Sterling Bessy
Published: August 2020

La finalidad de este artículo es analizar los campos de estudio de la geografía de la educación, y educación comparada, sus puntos en común y diferencias. Se revisan los antecedentes y los avances en la geografía de la educación, principalmente en los países europeos, donde tiene un mayor desarrollo, de acuerdo con la obra existente; asimismo se examinan los conceptos básicos de su campo de estudio, sus herramientas y los temas que aborda, mencionando los principales geógrafos dedicados a este campo de la geografía. Se profundiza sobre la importancia de la geografía de la educación y cómo se nutre de la educación comparada y de diversos campos, tanto de la geografía humana, como de las ciencias sociales en general, de manera que se manifiesta su naturaleza multidisciplinaria e interdisciplinaria. Con base en las revisiones de la obra de geógrafos europeos y latinoamericanos el artículo concluye señalando la importancia de realizar nuevos estudios de geografía de la educación en otras regiones del mundo para contribuir en la solución de los numerosos problemas educativos, ya que los trabajos de investigación llevados a cabo por educadores, por lo general carecen de la dimensión espacial que aporta la geografía.
Incommensurability, Social Practices and Moral Dilemmas: A Rejoinder to Heidi Hurd’s Anti-Perspectivalism
Authors: Bustamante Thomas , Lopes Decat Thiago
Published: August 2020

El documento critica el rechazo de Hurd al perspectivalismo relacionado con los roles sobre los deberes morales. La noción de incomensurabilidad de valores de Raz se utiliza para desafiar la tesis de la correspondencia, según la cual la justificación de una acción determina la justificación de permitir o impedir esta acción. En contra de la reconstrucción hohfeldiana de Hurd de elecciones inconmensurables como “libertades” que “carecen de cualquier tipo de valor moral”, el argumento destaca el significado moral del hecho de que la elección entre opciones inconmensurables sigue siendo acción por una razón. La inconmensurabilidad se explica, pues, como consecuencia de la dependencia social de los valores con respecto a las prácticas sociales y del papel constitutivo de las convenciones en la configuración de las relaciones sociales, los proyectos personales, los objetivos y las responsabilidades que los definen. Se argumenta que la gravedad del problema del perspectivalismo para Hurd se debe a su estrecha concepción de la moral y que es superior una concepción más amplia que integre las obligaciones hacia los demás con los requisitos de la integridad personal. Los objetivos, relaciones y proyectos del agente participan en el razonamiento moral, ya que la inconmensurabilidad de valores que posibilitan es necesaria para el pluralismo de valores y la autonomía personal. El argumento concluye sugiriendo que una concepción no positivista e interpretativista de la práctica jurídica, aunque reconozca el combate moral residual, reduciría su ocurrencia y relevancia.
Sobre el derecho a mentir. Verdad y posverdad en la comunicación y la construcción de ciudadanía
Authors: Mañón Garibay José
Published: August 2020

Por un lado, el supuesto de todo sistema moral y jurídico es que el hombre desea su bien, y que la verdad es un bien deseado por sí mismo. Por otro lado, es sabido que la mentira política juega un papel importante (e indispensable) en el ejercicio del poder y en la consecución del bien común, y que por ello muchos filósofos la han recomendado y justificado (hoy y en el pasado). Ante esta paradoja vale preguntar cómo se construye la ciudadanía (toma de decisiones y participación social) a partir de la información falsa y cómo se construyen valores ciudadanos sobre la base del derecho a mentir de los gobernantes, porque es esencial para cualquier democracia la calidad de la información y la consecuente participación social de los ciudadanos. Primeramente, se expondrá la justificación de la mentira en tres grandes pensadores de la filosofía occidental (Platón, Maquiavelo y Weber); después, se desarrollará la interpretación marxiana al respecto, y, por último, se dilucidará la manera como hoy día afecta la mentira (y el derecho a mentir) a la comunicación y construcción de valores ciudadanos.
Estética universitaria: el placer por aprender es el placer por vivir
Authors: Henao Vélez Raúl Alberto
Published: August 2020

Este artículo presenta el proceso de investigación Estética universitaria en el cual, parte de la pregunta por el placer que produce o no el entorno estético del mundo universitario. El juicio estético de Kant es un referente teórico en tanto relaciona el juicio estético con el grado de placer. Así, los hallazgos de esta tesis demuestran que más allá de las coherencias entre las teorías estéticas de Kant y los datos, la pregunta por la estética, como placer, comprende un espectro que va más allá de lo visual y sufre una apertura que no lo hace depender exclusivamente de lo sensorial, con lo que comúnmente suele relacionarse, y, es, además, los buenos actos y la novedad presente en la acción creativa e intelectual.

La metodología relacional basada en la Semiótica y teoría triádica del Signo en Charles Peirce permitió inicialmente aglutinar el dato original, pasar a la interpretación, la abstracción, la proposición y finalmente a la conclusión final sin perder fidelidad entre el dato y la conclusión.

Los hallazgos muestran a un sujeto que se garantiza su propio placer procurando el de los demás. Cultiva favores estéticos en el otro que luego serán devueltos, esto, en relaciones estéticas dependientes, activas mediadas por el signo, y que comprende, el dar y recibir. Esto, dibuja una complejidad de relaciones estéticas donde nadie es independiente y por el contrario se presenta como un solo organismo

dinámico y autónomo.