bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a 10% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Agent on the Microhardness of Four Types of Direct Resin-based Restorative Materials
Authors: AlQahtani MQ
Published: October 2012

Purpose

This in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on the microhardness of four types of direct resin-based restorative materials.

Materials and Methods

Thirty disk-shaped specimens (10.0 mm diameter × 2.0 mm depth) of each material, including a microhybrid resin composite (Z250), a nanofilled resin composite (Z350), a silorane-based low-shrink resin composite (P90), and a hybrid resin composite (Valux Plus), were fabricated and then polished with medium, fine, and superfine polishing discs. After being polished, specimens were cleaned with distilled water for 2 min in an ultrasonic bath to remove any surface debris and then stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Specimens from each material were divided into three groups (n=10). One group was selected as a control group (nontreated with bleaching agent). The other two groups were treated with bleaching agent for 14 days (group A) and for 14 days followed by immersion in artificial saliva for 14 days (group B). The top surfaces of the specimens in the different groups were also subjected to the Vickers hardness test with a load of 300 g and 15-second dwell time. Data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05).

Results

There was a general reduction of Vickers hardness numbers (VHN) values of treated groups compared with the control group for each material used, but this reduction was minimal, with no significant difference between groups in Z250, whereas the other three materials (Z350, P90, and Valux Plus) showed a significant reduction of VHN of treated groups compared with the control group. Conversely, the findings showed no significant difference between treated groups A and B in all materials used except P90.

Conclusion

A 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent had an adverse effect on the microhardness of nanofilled, silorane-based low-shrink, and hybrid types of resin-based composite materials compared with the microhybrid type.
Dimensional Accuracy of Optical Bite Registration in Single and Multiple Unit Restorations
Authors: Iwaki Y , Wakabayashi N , Igarashi Y
Published: October 2012

The dimensional accuracy of optical bite registration in the CEREC system was compared to that of the conventional physical method in vitro using a bite registration material. Maxillary and mandibular full-arch dentate epoxy models mounted on an articulator were used to measure the interarch distance and the angles created by the occlusal planes. The preparations for a single restoration on the maxillary first molar or for multiple restorations on the maxillary posterior quadrant were made on the model. Optical impression and bite registration data were collected to construct virtual models using computer-aided design software. A silicone material was used for the physical method, and the dimensional accuracy was measured by means of the coordinate measuring machine. The discrepancy relative to the baseline before preparation was analyzed in each registration record. For the single restoration, the optical method created a mean discrepancy of 243.2 μm relative to baseline at the prepared tooth, which was insignificantly but slightly lower than the mean discrepancy of 311.1 μm obtained with the physical method. The mean rotational deviation in the horizontal plane was significantly lower for the optical method. For the multiple preparations, the optical method showed significantly larger discrepancy on the right molar and on the left premolar and molar sites. In the frontal view, the optical method created significantly larger rotational deviation than the physical method. The result indicates that the optical bite registration was effective in terms of dimensional accuracy for single posterior restorations.
Radiopacity of Flowable Composite by a Digital Technique
Authors: Dukić W , Delija B , Lešić S , Dubravica I , Derossi D
Published: October 2012

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the radiopacity of 19 current dental flowable composite materials by a digital technique. Digital radiographs were obtained with a CCD sensor using an aluminum step wedge, a 1-mm-thick tooth slice, and a 1-mm-thick flowable composite specimen using five different combinations of exposure and voltage. The radiopacity in pixels was determined using Digora 2.6. software. The equivalent thickness of aluminum for each material was then calculated based on the calibration curve. All of the tested flowable composite materials had higher radiopacities than that of dentin, but in almost every combination of exposure and voltage, there were some composite materials that exhibited radiopacities equal to or slightly greater than enamel p>α; α=0.01). Of the flowable composite materials tested, 37% showed lower radiopacities than enamel, and 21% of the tested materials had higher radiopacities than the 3-mm aluminum equivalent. The highest radiopacity at all exposure values was produced by the Majesty Flow and Charisma Opal Flow materials, which had radiopacities almost twice that of enamel. Flowable composite materials should have radiopacities greater than that of enamel (ISO 4049), an important consideration for the introduction of new materials to the market. The digital radiopacity analysis techniques used in this study provide an easy, reliable, rapid, and precise method to characterize radiopacity of dental flowable composite materials.
The numerical analysis and measurements of temperature profile in fat tissue during neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation for laser-assisted lipolysis
Authors: Youn Jong-In
Published: October 2012

The purpose of the study is to investigate the temperature profile of fat tissue during neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation (1064, 1320, and 1444 nm wavelengths) for laser-assisted lipolysis. The numerical analysis was performed to assess the wavelength dependence of the temperature distribution in fat tissue. For the internal temperature profile measurements, a cannula was placed in the middle of fat tissue for laser irradiation, and two hypodermic thermocouple needles were placed at 2 and 5 mm apart from the cannula. For surface temperature measurements, an infrared camera was placed at the surface of fat tissue. The highest temperature with the least thermal expansion in fat tissue was observed in the 1444 nm wavelength both on the numerical analysis and on the experimental results. Therefore, the 1444 nm wavelength provided the highest thermal confinement with the least thermal damage in surrounding tissue as compared with the other two laser wavelengths, 1064 and 1320 nm.
Technical safety measures for the safe use of hand-held laser processing devices
Authors: Puester Thomas , Walter Juergen , Hustedt Michael , Wesling Volker
Published: October 2012

From an occupational safety point of view, the market launch of hand-held laser processing devices (HLDs) should be closely connected to machine safety qualification. In order to meet demands concerning a safe design of HLDs, research was performed to both develop and evaluate safety concepts for HLDs and to qualify technical measures for HLD laser safety. The work focused on the risk of injury especially for the skin arising from laser beam hazards by continuous-wave high-power laser systems typically used for welding and cutting operations. On the basis of risk assessments, both safety requirements on architectures of safety controls and safety related parts of control systems were defined, and prototype control systems were built. Apart from taking into account criteria claimed in standards, e.g., DIN EN ISO 13849-1, safety related parts were investigated concerning their applicability for use in HLDs and concerning malfunctions, signal propagation delays, and costs. A number of miniaturized sensors with different active principles and safety levels were tested with regard to their appropriateness for the respective type of HLD. For HLDs positioned on a work piece, the investigations covered contact and noncontact sensors such as mechanical switches, inductive, capacitive and ultrasonic sensors. Especially for freely operated HLDs, as they may be used, e.g., for cleaning applications, noncontact optical sensors and movement sensors to isolate the laser beam under fault conditions, e.g., slipping, were tested. Furthermore, sensors to detect faults in HLD beam guidance were qualified. Now, general principles and recommendations for the integration of safety controls into HLDs can be given. The conclusions will be incorporated into guidelines for manufacturers and users of HLDs.
Quo vadis, laser additive manufacturing?
Authors: Kelbassa Ingomar , Wohlers Terry , Caffrey Tim
Published: October 2012

In a global world and economy, the entire society has to face its global megatrends and grand societal challenges. New needs and demands from the product oriented markets—market pull—necessitate emerging solutions from the production oriented technology in (advanced) manufacture—technology push—enabling breakthrough innovations. Manufacturing remains the main driver of economic wealth: “Manufacturing has a larger multiplier effect than any other major economic activity—a dollar spent in manufacturing drives an additional $1.35 in economic activity.” New products addressing adapted and customized specifications due to rapidly changed needs and demands require new manufacturing approaches that subsequently require a revolutionary thinking toward completely re-invented manufacturing chains and processes. These new, additive, manufacturing processes are the key enablers for the production of new parts and components that could not be manufactured before due to, e.g., design and/or material restrictions based on conventional—subtractive—manufacture such as 5-axis-milling. Customized parts and devices, more energy efficient components, light-weight structures, and tailored materials, contributing to minimum six out of 12 megatrends, become manufacturable.
Flexible and efficient laser remote welding of ultra-thin metal foils
Authors: Patschger Andreas , Bliedtner Jens , Hild Matthias , Pierre Bergmann Jean
Published: October 2012

This paper discusses investigations regarding flexible and efficient strategies of laser remote welding of ultra-thin metal foils (≤50 μm) which are applied in the fields of electronics, packaging, and construction. A single-mode fiber laser was used, equipped with a scanner head and diverse objectives. Thus, different optical settings and material thicknesses could be tested and compared with regard to process stability, reliability, and efficiency. The long-term stability of the optical setting was determined related to focus shift and beam shape in the working plane. The specimens were analyzed with methods of micro-sections, microhardness, and tensile strength tests. In this way, it could be shown that laser remote welding of ultra-thin metal foils is a well-suited modern technology which is able to substitute former slower or inflexible techniques, respectively, compound materials with a high in-house production depth.
Laser metal deposition of Inconel 625: Microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Rombouts Marleen , Maes Gert , Mertens Myrjam , Hendrix Willy
Published: October 2012

Laser metal deposition (LMD) is used in industry to coat, additive manufacture, and/or repair high value metal components through deposition and laser induced melting of powder delivered in a gas stream. This study relates to the production of three-dimensional Inconel 625 components by LMD. After LMD, a dense cellular – dendritic structure containing carbides of the type MC, M23C6, and M6C has been detected by x-ray diffraction. Parts with tensile yield strengths, ultimate strengths, and elongations in the range of, respectively, 480–656 MPa, 882–1000 MPa, and 24%–36% have been obtained. Compression testing along and perpendicular to the build direction reveals a slight anisotropy in fracture strength. This is attributed to the preferential orientation of the dendrites parallel to the build direction. Tensile test samples have been fabricated in “lying” and “standing” orientations. The tensile yield and ultimate strength are considerably lower and the elongation is larger for the samples built in standing orientation compared to those built in lying orientation. The tensile properties are affected both by the tensile loading orientation relative to the build orientation and the difference in cooling rate for the two build geometries. The former effect is related to the anisotropic microstructure after LMD. The impact of build geometry on the other hand results in a coarser microstructure and different phase constitution—including larger amount of carbides—in the standing oriented samples due to the lower cooling rate during LMD compared to the lying oriented samples.
Variational calculations on the vibrational level structure of S0 HDCO
Authors: Rashev Svetoslav , Moule David
Published: October 2012

We perform converged high precision variational calculations to determine the frequencies of the vibrational levels in S0 HDCO, extending up to 5000 cm−1 of vibrational excitation energy. For these calculations we use our specific vibrational method (recently employed for studies on H2CO and D2CO), consisting of a combination of a search/selection algorithm and a Lanczos iteration procedure and based on the Martin, Lee, Taylor potential energy surface for formaldehyde. The calculated level structure is compared to the recently measured frequencies by Ellsworth et al. in order to improve their assignments and further clarify the vibrational mixing pattern and vibrational resonances in HDCO that are very different from the other more symmetric formaldehyde species H2CO and D2CO studied recently.
Technology preferences among caregivers of children with hydrocephalus
Authors: Naftel Robert P. , Safiano Nicole A. , Falola Michael I. , Shannon Chevis N. , Wellons John C. , Johnston James M.
Published: October 2012

Object

The Internet and social media are powerful disseminators of medical information, providing new portals for patient care. The authors of this study evaluated current technology hardware, Internet, and social media use and their socioeconomic relationships among caregivers of children with hydrocephalus.

Methods

A written survey was completed in the neurosurgical clinics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham by 300 parents of children with shunted hydrocephalus between October 26, 2010, and July 26, 2011.

Results

Computer use (94.6%), Internet use (91.7%), smartphone use (56.9%), and Internet research on hydrocephalus (81.9%) were prevalent. However, for each of these four utilizations there was significantly lower access by caregivers of minority races (p = 0.04, 0.03, 0.002, and < 0.0001, respectively), lower income (p = 0.02, 0.01, < 0.0001, and < 0.0001, respectively), and lower level of education (p = 0.001, 0.002, < 0.0001, and 0.001, respectively). Personal use of social media was prevalent (95.1% of all Internet users) with use being more prevalent among less-educated than higher-educated caregivers (p = 0.017). Hydrocephalus-related social media use (59.5% of Internet users) was not associated with socioeconomic factors. For hydrocephalus education on the Internet, caregivers chose information websites such as Wikipedia or the Hydrocephalus Association as preferred platforms; these preferences were followed by use of social media websites. Facebook and YouTube were the preferred social media platforms for personal and hydrocephalus-related use. Parents indicate moderate skepticism about the trustworthiness of the Internet; only 21.7% always trust the online sources. Most parents (89.8%) say that they would visit neurosurgeon-recommended websites. Of Internet-using caregivers, 28.6% use the Internet or social media to find hydrocephalus support groups, and 34.8% have used the Internet to communicate with other caregivers who have children with similar conditions.

Conclusions

Technology hardware, the Internet, and social media are widely used with some skepticism by parents of children with shunted hydrocephalus. Caregivers are interested in physician-recommended Internet resources. Socioeconomic factors including race, income, and level of education reveal a disparity in access to some of these resources, although all groups have relatively high use. Unlike typical technology use, social media use is breaking down the digital divide among ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
Synthesis of New Pyrazolines and their Biological Evaluation as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Hamadi Naoufel Ben , Haouas Amel , Methamem Mahbouba , Msaddek Moncef
Published: October 2012

2-Diazopropane and diazo compounds derived from aromatic aldehydes were reacted with aromatic esters of 3-hydroxyprop-1-yne to give the aromatic esters of 5-hydroxymethyl-3-substituted pyrazoles. Anti-microbial screening using the Gram positive ( Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus fecalis) and Gram negative ( Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans, showed that these compounds had promising activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
A Novel Fluorescent Sensor for Fe3+ and Cr3+ based on a calix[4]arene bearing two coumarin units
Authors: Wang He-wen , Feng Ya-qing , Meng Shu-xian
Published: October 2012

A novel turn-on fluorescent sensor based on a calix[4]arene with two coumarin units as fluorophores and iminogroups as ionophores on the upper rim has been synthesised. Its recognition properties towards heavy and transition metal ions have been studied by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrometry. The compound showed an enhanced fluorescent intensity in the presence of Fe3+ or Cr3+ ion, a high selectivity to Fe3+ or Cr3+ ions and a complexation ratio towards Fe3+ or Cr3+ of 1:1. The association constant for Fe3+ was 5.37×105 M−1 and for Cr3+ was 9.18×105 M−1.
An Efficient One Pot Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel S-Alkylisothiosemicarbazone and Imidazolidinone Derivatives of Pyrazole Carbaldehyde
Authors: Patil Sachin V. , Gaikwad Nitin D. , Bobade Vivek D.
Published: October 2012

S-Alkylisothiosemicarbazone and imidazolidinone derivatives were synthesised from pyrazole 4-carbaldehyde in a one pot reaction. The synthesised compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass and elemental analysis. Most of the synthesised compounds showed antimicrobial activity against S. Aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginos, A. Niger and C. albicans.
Green and Efficient Method for the Acylation of Amines and Phenols in the Presence of Hydrotalcite in Water
Authors: Massah Ahmad Reza , Toghyani Mitra , Najafabadi Batool Hojati
Published: October 2012

In this study a mild, efficient and environmentally friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of amides and esters in the presence of hydrotalcite in water at room temperature. Different types of amines and phenols have been used and in all cases the products were obtained in moderate to high yields after an easy work-up. This method follows the principles of green chemistry.
Doppler Flow Velocity Indices (RI, PI, S/D & PSV) of Fetal Middle Cerebral Artery in Normal Pregnancies: Correlation with Gestational Age of 20 to 40 Weeks
Authors: Taher Md Abu , Tasmin Nuzhat , Mohiuddin AS , Ul Alam Md Mohit , Sharif Md Mofazzal , Ghos Kona
Published: October 2012

This observational type of descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, BIRDEM selecting 70 Bangladeshi pregnant babies with the aim to find out the normogram of foetal middle cerebral artery Doppler flow velocity indices and correlation between Doppler flow velocity indices [Resistance Index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI), Systolic/Diastolic ratio (S/D) & Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV)] of foetal middle cerebral artery and gestational age in normal pregnancies of 20 to 40 weeks. It was observed that RI, PI and S/D were decreased with the advance of gestational age but PSV was increases with the advance of gestational age. Statistical analyses showed there were significant difference between mean PSV, RI and PI before and after 25 weeks of gestation. No significant difference was found between mean S/D before and after 25 weeks of gestation. It was observed from Correlation analysis between Doppler indices with independent gestational age that all the Doppler indices of foetal middle cerebra artery was positively correlated with the whole gestation period. The statistical analysis showed only PSV and RI were significantly correlated with the gestational age. Simple regression analysis between dependent Doppler index with independent gestational age before and after 25 weeks revealed that all the Doppler indices had positive relationship with the corresponding gestational age but relationship between PSV and PI (before 25 weeks) with their corresponding gestational ages were only statistically significant.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12306 Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2) 77-80
Relationship of HbA1c with Fasting and Plasma Glucose 2 Hours after Oral Glucose Load in Non Diabetic and Newly Diagnosed Pre Diabetic and Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hossain Tanjina , Latif Zafar Ahmed , Sarkar Abdullah Al-mamun
Published: October 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the relationship of Fasting Plasma Glucose and Plasma Glucose 2 hours after 75 gram glucose load with HbA1c in subjects who were not detected before as diabetic, pre diabetic or non diabetic. Methods: Total eight hundred and seventy eight subjects of both sexes coming to do for an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) were included in the study. Fasting and plasma glucose 2 hours after 75 gram glucose load were measured by hexokinase method. HbA1c was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Results: According to OGTT among the total study subjects 48.7%(n=428) had DM, 17.1% (n=150) had Pre DM and 34.2% (n=300) were non diabetic. Correlation coefficient between Fasting Plasma Glucose and HbA1c was 0.551 (p.000) and correlation coefficient between HbA1c and plasma glucose at 2 hours after oral glucose load was 0.475 (p.000). Conclusion: This study showed moderate degree of relationship between Fasting Plasma Glucose and HbA1c and between HbA1c and plasma glucose 2 hours after 75 gram glucose load in population never diagnosed before as diabetic, pre diabetic or non diabetic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12307Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2) 81-83
Influence of Maternal Glycemic Status (HbA1c) at Delivery and Risk of Hypoglycemia in Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Begum Mst Nurun Nahar , Hassan M Quamrul , Nessa Maherun , Azad Kishwar
Published: October 2012

Objective: To examine the influence of maternal HbA1c level at delivery and risk of hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers. Method: This case-control study was done with sixty neonates born to diabetic mothers in BIRDEM hospital. Out of sixty neonates, 30 neonates who developed hypoglycemia during the first 24 hours of age were considered as cases and another 30 neonates who did not develop hypoglycemia during the first 24 hours were considered as controls. Maternal glycemic status was examined by measurement of Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and level of <6 % considered good control. Babies were screened for hypoglycemia at birth, then 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hours of life. Blood glucose value of less than 2.6 mmol/l was considered as hypoglycemia. Results: Clinical characteristics of newborns and their mothers of cases and controls did not show any significant difference. In majority of cases (73.3%) hypoglycemia was detected by 6 hours of age. Most of babies were asymptomatic (93.3%). Majority of mothers (76.7%) in controls and 46.7% of were in good glycemic controls (HbA1c <6%). The mean HbA1c level of mothers of cases was significantly higher than that of control mothers (6.02 ± 0.98 vs 5.44 ± 0.78; P = 0.014) and significant negative correlation between maternal HbA1c and blood glucose level of neonates ( r=0.422 p= 0.001). Conclusion: There is an association between maternal HbA1c level and neonatal hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12308 (Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2): 84-88)
Comparison of Lower Limb Arterial Pulsatility and Ankle Brachial Indices (PI and ABI) in Diabetic Subjects with and Without Neuropathy
Authors: Dey Sharmistha , Das Kanta , Begum Shamse Ara , Ahmed Akhtar Uddin , Mohiuddin Abu Saleh
Published: October 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to find out the extent and nature of arterial flow abnormality in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy compared to diabetic patients without neuropathy, using duplex colour Doppler technique. Materials and method: This cross sectional study was performed on diabetic subjects in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, BIRDEM from July 2008 to May 2009. Patients were referred from Department of neurology and preventive foot care OPD, BIRDEM, for colour Doppler imaging of lower limb arteries. Total 88 consecutive diabetic patients were included in this study. Out of them 48 were diagnosed cases of diabetic neuropathy (group I) and 40 were diabetic without neuropathy (Group II). In all patients the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and Pulsatility Index (PI) were recorded on both left and right lower limb arteries, by using duplex colour Doppler technique. Total no. of patients were 88. 48 had neuropathy. They were 27-57 yrs of age. Result: Unpairedt test was used to find out relationship between the variables.P value <o.o5 was considered as statistically significant. The mean ABI was 1.44±0.07, ranged from 1.30 to 1.59 in group I (diabetic neuropathy) and 1.17±0.06, ranged from 1.05 to 1.26 in group II (diabetic without neuropathy). The mean ABI difference was found statistically significant (p<0.05) between group I and group II. The mean PI was 3.0±0.69, ranged from 1.18 to 3.68 and 7.97±2.29,ranged from 5.50 to 13.0 in group I (diabetic neuropathy) and group II (diabetic without neuropathy) respectively. The mean PI difference was found statistically significant (p<0.05) between group I (diabetic neuropathy) and group II (diabetic without neuropathy). Conclusion: In this study it was observed that Pulsatility Index (PI) decreased and Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) increased in diabetic neuropathic group. There was significant difference of Pulsatility Index (PI) and Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) found between diabetic subjects with and without neuropathy. So, from the finding of the present work, it can be said that diabetic neuropathy affect the arterial flow detected by non invasive duplex colour Doppler imaging may help in proper patient management and may prevent neuropathic arterial complications. But for any definine conclusion, bigger appropriate study should be done.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12309 (Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2): 89-92)
An Overview of Childhood Obesity
Authors: Mohsin Faizoa , Begum Tahmina , Azad Kishwar , Nahar Nazmun
Published: October 2012

The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased greatly during the past two to three decades in developed countries. With industrialization and urbanization, obesity is now becoming widely prevalent in developing countries as well. Childhood obesity is the result of persistent adverse changes in food intake, life style and energy expenditure. Although less common, there may be some underlying pathological conditions as well. Obese children and adolescents are at increased risk of having type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, mixed features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dislipidaemia, fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, psychosocial complications, obstructive sleep apnoea, orthopaedic problems, polycystic ovarian syndrome etc. Management of obesity need lifestyle intervention and the benefits are most likely to be achieved when diet and exercise programmes are coordinated with individual and family counseling and behaviour modification. A coordinated approach is needed involving families, school authorities, communities, healthcare providers and government to provide a continuum of population based interventions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12323 (Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2): 93-98)
Role of Laparoscopy in Infertility : Review Article
Authors: Jahan S
Published: October 2012

Infertility is defined as failure to conceive during one year of unprotected frequent intercourse. Leading causes of infertility include tubal disease, ovulatory disorders, uterine or cervical factors, endometriosis and male factor infertility. A laparoscope is a thin fiber optic telescope that is inserted into the abdomen usually through the belly button. The fiber optics allow a light to used to see inside the abdomen. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is placed into the abdomen prior to inserting the laparoscope. Generally, laparoscopy should be reserved for couples who have already completed a more basic infertility evaluation including assessing for ovulation, ovarian reserve, ultrasound and hysterosalpingogram for the female and semen analysis for the male. Laparoscopy can help physicians diagnose many gynecological problems including endometriosis, uterine fibroids and other structural abnormalities, ovarian cysts, adhesions (scar tissue), and ectopic pregnancy. Robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery (RAL) is a more recent development and a form of operative laparoscopy. In RAL, the instruments and telescope are very similar to conventional laparoscopy, but they are attached to a robot which in turn is controlled by the surgeon who is seated at a viewing console. Women who have been diagnosed with endometriosis are more likely to experience infertility, and observational studies have shown that the monthly probability of pregnancy in women with endometriosis is about half of the probability in normal women. In spite of this well-documented association, a true cause and effect relationship has not been established. Laparoscopy is used world-wide to investigate infertility. It is an essential part of full assessment and treatment of infertility. It provides direct visualization of the pelvic organs, ovarian and tubal status and can elucidate the site of tubal obstruction. It has got an advantage of direct visualization of the pelvic organs and the peri-tubal status resulting in greater information as compared to hysterosalpingography and ultrasonography. The advance in instrument technology has made this procedure more productive and less hazardous. Laparoscopy is the most dependable tool to investigate pelvic pathology. The role of laparoscopy in diagnosis of infertility both primary as well as secondary is established beyond any doubt.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12324 (Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2): 99-103)
Placental Chorioangioma: A Case Report
Authors: Ruman Umme , Chowdhury Tanzeem Sabina , Nessa Maherun
Published: October 2012

Chorioangioma constitutes the commonest benign growth of placenta. It consists of a benign angioma arising from chorionic tissue. Chorioangioma of the placenta most often goes unnoticed. With the advent of gray scale and color flow ultrasonography in prenatal diagnosis these tumours can be easily detected antenatally. It has potentially serious fetal risks and so the pregnancy needs to have regular surveillance. The larger the size of the tumor the more is the chance of developing complications. We present a case with large chorioangioma without any serious complications and a successful outcome.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12326(Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2): 113-115)
Replacement of Missing Upper 2nd Premolar by Short Implant: A Case Report
Authors: Khan Mahfujul Haq , Alif Sheikh Mohammad , Khan Saeed Hossain , Karim Md Manjurul , Haque Sejuty
Published: October 2012

Compared to previous generations when tooth loss was common, modern dentistry has made it possible for people to keep their teeth healthy and attractive for their entire lives. Today, dental implants can replace missing teeth. Although the concept of a tooth implant is not new, advances in technology have improved the treatment process and the longevity of implants. Dental implants can be used for single tooth replacements, support for a permanent bridge, or as attachments to anchor a full denture securely to the jaw. The clinical reality is that many potential implant patients have limited bone height. When placing longer implants, the maxillary sinus and inferior alveolar nerve often present risk. Although bone grafting sinus lifts procedures help alleviate this risk, patients may still avoid treatment because of the financial costs and time for grafting procedures. Additionally, bone grafting procedures have their own inherent risks and morbidities which patients often find unacceptable. While Short Implants afford simpler and consistently more predictable treatments, which can significantly increase a patients acceptance of implant treatment. With the use of Short Implants, patients with limited bone height can often avoid the inherent risks and costs associated with bone grafting procedures. Additionally, the extended healing time and cost of bone grafting procedures are eliminated. This article describes a simple approach for placement of short implant in maxillary premolar and its subsequent restoration.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12327(Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2):116-120)
A Childhood Gastric Teratoma : A Case Report and Review of The Literature
Authors: Mashud P , Rahman MT , Mohiuddin AS , Afroze N , Monowar T
Published: October 2012

Gastric teratomas are extremely rare tumors. A six year old boy presented with abdominal mass. Ultrasound of abdomen showed mixed echogenic lesion. CT scan showed a mass with solid and cystic components and internal calcifications. At operation a tumor arising from the posterior wall of the stomach was found. It was exogastric as well as endogastric in location. Histopathological examination revealed a mature teratoma.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12329(Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2): 121-123)
Rhino- Orbito- Cerebral- Mucormycosis with Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Diabetes mellitus: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Habib Rumana , Islam Rashedul , Rahman Aminur , Bhowmik NB , Haque Amirul
Published: October 2012

Mucormycosis is a form of fulminant invasive fungal infection of the sinonasal tract that often extends to the orbit, brain, palate, and skin. It is caused by members of the order Mucorales, and it is considered to be the most fatal fungal infection known to man. It is most commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis, hematologic malignancies, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, see AIDS. , and immunosuppressive therapy. This rare opportunistic infection exists in many forms, the most common of which is rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Treatment includes aggressive surgical debridement of the necrotic tissue combined with systemic antifungal therapy. In this case report, we describe the successful management of rhinoorbitocerebral mucormycosis, a subtype of the rhinocerebral variety, complicated by osteomyelitis of cranium. We review the diagnostic work-up and discuss the literature with respect to the presentation, pathophysiology, management, and outcome of the disease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12331(Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2):124-127)
Medical Quiz: Images
Authors: Safdar AMB
Published: October 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12332(Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2): 129-130)
BIRDEM News Vol.2(2)
Authors: Editor The
Published: October 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12334(Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2):133-137)
From the Desk of the Executive Editor Vol.2(2)
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: October 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12335(Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2): 138 )
Answer to Quiz: Images
Authors: Safdar AMB
Published: October 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12336(Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2): 139-140)
Answer to Quiz: SBA
Authors: Editor The
Published: October 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12337(Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2): 141)
Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease in Disguise of Others Problems
Authors: Rowshon AHM , Rahman Mohammed Masudur
Published: October 2012

Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Vol 2No.1 June 2010 page 1 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v2i1.12340
Socio-Epidemiology Of Antepartum Fetal Death In A Medical College Hospital
Authors: Jahan Muna Shalima , Billal MS Syed Muhammad Baqui , Akhter Sayeba
Published: October 2012

Objective: To assess socio-epidemiology of Antepartum Fetal Death IAFD) in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Method: Fifty three pregnant women with intra-uterine fetal death before or after delivery were interviewed in Gvnaecologv in-patient of Dhaka Medical College Hospital during 2004-2005. In this cross sectional study selected socio-demographic factors like age, education, occupation, income etc. and epidemio/ogic factors like previous stillbirth or congenital anomaly history, antenatal history, and other medical conditions like gestational diabetes and pregnancy induced hypertension were sought. Results: Respondents were young (25.15 ± 6.45), married at an earlier age (18.51 ± 2.85), majority (62.26%) got pregnant at <=20 years and more than 50% were primigravid. Most (84.9%) of the respondents were either illiterate or low educated whereas 53% of the husbands were so. Nearly 70% worked more than 8 hours a day, almost half had low family income. History of stillbirth (13.21%>) and congenital anomaly (9.43%) in previous pregnancy were also found with AFD. More than half (29, 54.7%) of the respondents did not take ANC during this pregnancy. Only 3 respondents had gestational diabetes and 7 had pregnancv induced hypertension. Conclusion: Increasing the age at marriage and pregnancy, education, adequate rest during pregnancv and off course, increasing coverage of ANC could bring about satisfactory outcome if taken care of before future pregnancies. Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Vol 2No.1 June 2010 page 13-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v2i1.12345
Haemodialysed Patient With Fracture Management
Authors: Debnath Paritosh Chandra
Published: October 2012

Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Vol 2No.1 June 2010 page 29 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v2i1.12349
Use of Residual Biomass from the Textile Industry as Carbon Source for Production of a Low-Molecular-Weight Xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Duarte Gilvan Caetano , Moreira Leonora Rios de Souza , Gómez-Mendoza Diana Paola , Siqueira Félix Gonçalves de , Batista Luís Roberto , Amaral Lourdes Isabel Velho do , Ricart Carlos André Ornelas , Filho Edivaldo Ximenes Ferreira
Published: October 2012

Pretreated dirty cotton residue (PDCR) from the textile industry was used as an alternative carbon source for the submerged cultivation of Aspergillus oryzae and the production of xylanases. The filtered culture supernatant was fractionated by ultrafiltration followed by three chromatographic steps, which resulted in the isolation of a homogeneous low-molecular-weight xylanase (Xyl-O1) with a mass of 21.5 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) co-polymerized with 0.1% oat spelt xylan. Enzyme catalysis was the most efficient at 50 °C and pH 6.0. The Km values (mg·mL−1) for the soluble fraction of oat spelt and birchwood xylans were 10.05 and 3.34, respectively. Xyl-O1 was more stable in the presence of 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT), l-cysteine or β-mercaptoethanol, which increased the rate of catalysis by 40%, 14%, 40% or 37%, respectively. The enzyme stability was improved at pH 7.0 in the presence of 20 mM l-cysteine, with the retention of nearly 100% of the activity after 6 h at 50 °C. Xyl-O1 catalyzed the cleavage of internal β-1,4 linkages of the soluble substrates containing d-xylose residues, with a maximum efficiency of 33% for the hydrolysis of birchwood xylan after 12 h of incubation. Identification of the hydrolysis products by high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) indicated the predominance of the hydrolysis products X2-X6 during the first 12 h of incubation and the accumulation of higher xylooligomers after the elution of the last xylooligomer standard, xylohexaose.
Frobenius–Schur Indicator for Categories with Duality
Authors: Shimizu Kenichi
Published: October 2012

We introduce the Frobenius–Schur indicator for categories with duality to give a category-theoretical understanding of various generalizations of the Frobenius–Schur theorem including that for semisimple quasi-Hopf algebras, weak Hopf C*-algebras and association schemes. Our framework also clarifies a mechanism of how the “twisted” theory arises from the ordinary case. As a demonstration, we establish twisted versions of the Frobenius–Schur theorem for various algebraic objects. We also give several applications to the quantum SL2.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Putative Genes Involved in Iridoid Biosynthesis in Rehmannia glutinosa
Authors: Sun Peng , Song Shuhui , Zhou Lili , Zhang Bing , Qi Jianjun , Li Xianen
Published: October 2012

Rehmannia glutinosa, one of the most widely used herbal medicines in the Orient, is rich in biologically active iridoids. Despite their medicinal importance, no molecular information about the iridoid biosynthesis in this plant is presently available. To explore the transcriptome of R. glutinosa and investigate genes involved in iridoid biosynthesis, we used massively parallel pyrosequencing on the 454 GS FLX Titanium platform to generate a substantial EST dataset. Based on sequence similarity searches against the public sequence databases, the sequences were first annotated and then subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) based analysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the 454 assembly contained a set of genes putatively involved in iridoid biosynthesis. Significantly, homologues of the secoiridoid pathway genes that were only identified in terpenoid indole alkaloid producing plants were also identified, whose presence implied that route II iridoids and route I iridoids share common enzyme steps in the early stage of biosynthesis. The gene expression patterns of four prenyltransferase transcripts were analyzed using qRT-PCR, which shed light on their putative functions in tissues of R. glutinosa. The data explored in this study will provide valuable information for further studies concerning iridoid biosynthesis.
Enhancing Coral Health Detection Using Spectral Diversity Indices from WorldView-2 Imagery and Machine Learners
Authors: Collin Antoine , Planes Serge
Published: October 2012

The worldwide waning health of coral reefs implies an increasing need for monitoring them at colony scale over large areas. Relaying fieldwork considerably, the remote sensing approach can address this need in offering spectral information relevant for coral health detection with 0.5 m spatial accuracy. We investigated the potential of spectral diversity indices to achieve the discrimination of coral-dominated assemblages and health states from novel satellite imagery (WorldView-2, WV2). Both Equitability’s (E) and Pielou’s (P) operators were used to quantify the evenness of the corrected visible spectral bands (two times 26 combinations of five bands) corresponding to remotely sensed colonies. Three scleractinian corals (Porites lobata, P. rus and Acropora pulchra) that are primarily involved in Moorea’s reef building (French Polynesia) were examined in respect to their health state (healthy or unhealthy, referring to both bleached and dead coral, hereinafter). Using four classifiers, we showed that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) greatly discerned among the six coral classes based upon the five WV2 spectral bands (93%), thus surpassing the classification issued from the three traditionally used bands (80%). Coupling the WV2 dataset with Egreen-red, Eyellow-red or E“coastal”-blue-green allowed the SVM performance to attain 96%. On the other hand, adding the E“coastal”-blue to the WV2-dataset contributed to a substantially increase of the classification accuracy derived from the Random Forest classifier, stepping from 64% to 77%. Significant contributions of spectral diversity indices to surveying coral health were further discussed in the light of spectral properties of coral-related pigments. These findings may play a major role for the extensive monitoring of coral health states at a fine scale, and for the management and restoration of damaged coral reefs.
Correction: Duke, S.O., et al., Modes of Action of Microbially-Produced Phytotoxins. Toxins 2011, 3, 1038–1064
Authors: Duke Stephen O. , Dayan Franck E.
Published: October 2012

The authors are sorry to report that the structure of rhizobitoxine in Figure 2 in their published paper [1] was incorrect. [...]
Perinatal Lamb Model of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection
Authors: Derscheid Rachel J. , Ackermann Mark R.
Published: October 2012

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis in infants and children worldwide. Many animal models are used to study RSV, but most studies investigate disease in adult animals which does not address the unique physiology and immunology that makes infants more susceptible. The perinatal (preterm and term) lamb is a useful model of infant RSV disease as lambs have similar pulmonary structure including airway branching, Clara and type II cells, submucosal glands and Duox/lactoperoxidase (LPO) oxidative system, and prenatal alveologenesis. Lambs can be born preterm (90% gestation) and survive for experimentation although both preterm and term lambs are susceptible to ovine, bovine and human strains of RSV and develop clinical symptoms including fever, tachypnea, and malaise as well as mild to moderate gross and histologic lesions including bronchiolitis with epithelial injury, neutrophil infiltration and syncytial cell formation. RSV disease in preterm lambs is more severe than in term lambs; disease is progressively less in adults and age-dependent susceptibility is a feature similar to humans. Innate and adaptive immune responses by perinatal lambs closely parallel those of infants. The model is used to test therapeutic regimens, risk factors such as maternal ethanol consumption, and formalin inactivated RSV vaccines.
Awareness, attitudes and participation of teaching staff towards the open content movement in one university
Authors: Reed Peter
Published: October 2012

This research investigates the current awareness of, and participation in, the open content movement at one UK institution for higher education. The open content movement and the open educational resources can be seen as potential methods for reducing time and cost of technology-enhanced learning developments; however, its sustainability and, to some degree, its success are dependent on critical mass and large-scale participation. Teaching staff were invited to respond to a questionnaire. Respondents (n59) were open to the idea of sharing their own content and, similar to other studies, demonstrated existing practices of sharing resources locally amongst colleagues; however, there was little formal, large-scale sharing using suitable licenses. The data gathered concurs with other research suggesting a lack of awareness to the Creative Commons licenses as well as a lack of participation in large open educational resource repositories.Keywords: open educational resources; staff attitudes; sustainability(Published: 22 October 2012)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2012, 20: 18520 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v20i0.18520