bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of a Japanese Market for New Japanese Migrants in the United States
Authors: Yamada Aki
Published: December 2017

This research paper seeks to provide a clearer understanding of contemporary Japanese migration to the United States through a case study examining the role of one Japanese market, Nijiya Market, in Sawtelle, Los Angeles. This study identifies the main roles that this particular market serves, as evidenced by oral interviews and intensive site observation fieldwork. The findings reveal that the ethnic market is very important to the creation and maintenance of ethnic identity across multiple generations of new Japanese immigrants and migrants living in the United States. Furthermore, as a main component of many Japanese communities, the ethnic market enables Japanese to maintain aspects of their homeland lifestyle and culture, even while living abroad. Perhaps most importantly, they provide these Japanese with a way to extend a bridge between their lives in the United States and their lives in Japan.
OUTAGE ANALYSIS OF LOW-LATENCY COOPERATIVE WIRELESS NETWORKS WITH THRESHOLD-BASED PROTOCOL OVER COMPOSITE FADING
Authors: Zdravković Nemanja
Published: December 2017

This paper studies a low-latency decode-and-forward cooperative wireless network subject to composite fading. Assuming temporally correlated channel between cooperating nodes and maximal ratio combining at the destination, outage probability (OP) performance is investigated and novel OP expressions are derived when nodes apply a threshold-based protocol for internode communication. The effects of network dimension, multipath fading and shadowing severity parameters, correlation coefficients and average uplink and internode signal-to-noise ratios on OP are discussed.
VOLTAGE SAG SENSITIVITY OF INDUSTRIAL VECTOR CONTROLLED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Petronijević Milutin , Veselić Boban , Mitrović Nebojša , Kostić Vojkan
Published: December 2017

Sensitivity of adjustable speed drives (ASDs) on voltage sag events represents one of the most challenging problems in modern industrial facilities. In this paper, a comprehensive experimental verification of vector-controlled ASDs is conducted under the most-frequent sag types. The obtained results are faced with static and dynamic requirements in speed and torque controlled applications. Besides influence of DC-link parameters, selection of the applied control method and the controller settings can have crucial impact on performance deterioration. Examined industrial ASDs exhibited voltage sag susceptibility with fault error codes under the deeper voltage sags, while under the voltage sags with residual voltage above under-voltage limit they showed speed degradation.
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF RETAIL – COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CROATIA AND SERBIA
Authors: Sokolov Mladenović Svetlana , Ćuzović Đorđe
Published: December 2017

Globalization and integration of the world market leads to internationalization of retail and overall trade. At the turn of the century, internationalization has become a widespread retail phenomenon. Thus, it has become a permanent and inevitable process. Internationalization of trade, especially retail, covers a large number of countries, but with varying intensity. The subject of this work is the achieved level of internationalization of trade, especially retail, on the markets of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbia. Arguments for the selection of these countries are numerous. One of them is the fact that both countries originated from the former Yugoslav federation. At the same time, Croatia is the newest member of the European Union (as of 1 July 2013), and Serbia signed the Stabilization and Association Process, and is on the way of opening membership negotiations. For these reasons, Croatian experience can serve Serbia as a landmark in the implementation of activities in the segment of trade and its internationalization. The paper aims at mapping Serbian activities in the process of further internationalization of retail.
MONEY MULTIPLIER IMPACT ON INFLATION IN REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Perović Dušan , Đorđević Marina
Published: December 2017

The essential research intention in this paper is oriented toward considering the nature of money multipliers and their impact on inflation in Republic of Serbia. The analysis of research data includes data during period of 1997-2015 in order to achieve more effective results. Obtained results, after implementing adequate statistical procedures, emphasize the existence of negative and significant correlation between money multiplier m3 and inflation. Since M3 represents basis for forming m3 multiplier, this implicates that wider range of assets in monetary aggregate M3 have greater impact on inflation than other two monetary aggregates. Therefore, one of tasks for central banks should be higher control of M3 through m3 money multiplier analysis in order to prevent higher fluctuations in inflation rate.
MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SERBIA
Authors: Milenković Ivan , Kalaš Branimir , Andrašić Jelena
Published: December 2017

Monetary policy is an important segment of the economic policy of each country where inflation and monetary aggregates represent its significant components. Their movement reflects the trends in the volume of money and the price level which is of great relevance for the economic situation in the country. The aim of the paper is to manifest the impact of macroeconomic indicators on the real gross domestic product. In this paper, inflation (INF), monetary aggregate (M3), public expenditures (PE) and foreign direct investment (FDI) are used as independent variables, while the gross domestic product is determined as a dependent variable. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between GDP and INF, PE and FDI, but it is statistically not significant. On the other hand, M3 has a negative impact on GDP, it is statistically significant. Using correlation matrix, a very high correlation between INF and PE was found, while the lowest correlation was recorded between GDP and INF.
APPLICATION OF THE MINCER EARNING FUNCTION IN ANALYZING GENDER PAY GAP IN SERBIA
Authors: Dakić Stojanka , Savić Mirko
Published: December 2017

Better economic status of women in the labour market and reduction of gender pay gap is an important determinant of economic and social progress of the country. Gender pay gap is one of the key indicators of women's access to economic opportunities and undoubtedly one of the most constant features of the labour market. Failure to comply with the principle of equality and equal opportunities for women and men is considered a violation of basic human rights. As a result there are significant losses in the economy of countries such as loss of business and economic benefits, and insufficient use of available human resources. If there is no economic independence, all other measures taken to improve the position of women in society in general have much less success and influence. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there is a difference between men and women regarding wages. Mincer earnings function according to which individuals' earnings are function of the achieved level of education and work experience, served as the basis for analysis of the factors that determine the formation of wages. For the analysis we have used data collected by the survey EU-SILC in 2014 in Serbia. Regression model was built and confirmed the presence of the gender gap in earnings and the impact of gender on the formation of wages in the context that females earn less than males. Due to the inadequacy of the available data, the height of the gender gap in earnings has not been determined, nor its decomposition done.
KREATIVNO FINANSIJSKO IZVEŠTAVANJE O NOVČANIM TOKOVIMA
Authors: Arsenijević Aleksandra , Đukić Tadija
Published: December 2017

Financial statements should realistically show financial position, performance, and cash flows of a company. Creative financial reporting represents a deliberate manipulation of information in financial statements in order to create misperceptions on company operations. Creative financial statements are primarily intended for investors, in order to encourage them to purchase company shares and thus increase its market value. Creativity in compiling cash flow statements lies in presentation of operating activities as investing and financing activities, and vice versa.
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPETITION AND THE ADOPTION OF GAME THEORY IN BUSINESS GAME AMONG SMALL SCALE CAFETERIAS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Aduku Danlami Joseph , Orugun Juwon Johnson , Nafiu Akeem Tunde
Published: December 2017

This study focused on competitive situation and business game among small scale cafeterias in Nigeria. Thus, the study investigated factors influencing competitive situation among small scale cafeteria businesses in Nigeria, and the adoption of games theory in business game and its effect on the overall performance of small scale cafeterias in Nigeria. The study was conducted on selected cafeteria businesses from ten areas in Ogun State, Nigeria. This study analyzed the data collected in table with descriptive method and applied Chi-square and ANOVA statistical method. Findings show that price, service quality and customer’s value influence competitive situation among small scale cafeterias, and that the adoption of games theory in business game has effect on the overall performance of small scale cafeterias in Nigeria. Though, empirical result proves the effect to be insignificant. The study concluded that factors (such as price, service quality and customer’s value) account for the outlook of competitive situation among small scale cafeterias in Nigeria, and that cafeteria owners can grow competitive advantage by applying the assumption of games theory. This study therefore recommends that cafeteria owner-managers should pay close attention to prices; service quality and customer’s value to enable them enhance viable competitive position in the business game.
BANK REGULATIONS IN MODERN FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Todorović Violeta , Jakšić Milena , Tomić Nenad Z
Published: December 2017

The paper analyzes the role and importance of bank regulations in ensuring safe and stable banking operations. Modern business environment in which banks operate is unstable, turbulent, and quite unpredictable. Unlike traditional business conditions, banks are now exposed to growing and diverse risks, as well as frequent crisis situations. Accordingly, control over banking operations is becoming a necessity. The need for regulation can be justified by the fact that the market, left to itself, cannot remain competitive in the long term. To fulfill their goals, regulations must constantly adapt to changes in the environment. The aim of the paper is to point to the necessity of regulatory changes in the banking sector. By critical review of certain regulatory changes, the authors conclude that they significantly contribute to safer banking operations and system stability.
HELIANT HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM AS A SUPPORT TO ELECTRONIC BUSINESS OF HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS IN SERBIA
Authors: Rađenović Žarko , Milovanović Slavoljub , Milovanović Goran
Published: December 2017

Electronic business of healthcare organizations is specific technological innovation when it comes to providing adequate health care services. The process of providing health care services in this case is supported by electronic health record, which is an integral part of health information systems. Monitoring of the health services providing process using tools of electronic health (e-health) in this paper, will be based on the software for graphical modeling, which will target key activities, participants and the variables of the process, and make its mapping. This is because the analysis of the electronic business processes of healthcare organizations reveal activities that can be cost-optimized for more efficient delivery of health services and faster response on the patient's condition. In this work process analysis was conducted on the case of health information system Heliant Health, which is used in most public medical institutions of the Republic of Serbia.
CONCENTRATION EFFECT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF BANKING SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Eraković Eva
Published: December 2017

For qualitative analysis of the effect of specific activities, such as banking, on other movements in this sector, precise measuring is needed. Due to the transformation of the banking sector in the Republic of Serbia, in a relatively short period of time, there has been a significant reduction in the number of banks and in increasing the concentration. On the other hand, the business efficiency has become a key factor for the survival of banks in the market. In this study, the concentration was measured by Herfindahl-HirschamIndex, while the degree of efficiency was determined by cost to income ratio. A linear correlation and regression analysis examined the relationship between the degree of concentration and the level of efficiency of Serbian banking sector in the time interval from 2008 to 2015, which confirmed the existence of a strong relationship between these variables.
A SCRIPT FOR HERSELF: CHARACTERIZATION AND FREE INDIRECT STYLE IN CONRAD'S VICTORY
Authors: Tučev Nataša
Published: December 2017

Some of the most influential studies written about Joseph Conrad in the 1950s (by Douglas Hewit, Thomas Moser and Albert Guerard) established a critical paradigm that continued to dominate Conrad studies for decades to come – especially with regard to his later novels, which according to these critics represented a decline after the achievements of his major period. The principal reason for this decline, as Moser argues, was Conrad's altered choice of subject matter from the novel Chance onwards – i.e., his newly-discovered interest in romance and female protagonists. Conrad's failure in representing intimate erotic relationship in his later novels, as Moser maintains, is inseparable from his inclination to create melodramatic and inauthentic heroines, incomparably less complex than the striking male protagonists of his earlier works.More recently, critics such as Robert Hampson and Susan Jones have proposed a different approach to the romances of Conrad's later period. A case in point is Hampson's analysis of Lena's character in Victory. Unlike the earlier critics, who accused Conrad of sentimentality in female characterizations, Hampson argues that it is Lena herself who views her own being and her role in Heyst's life through a prism of sentimental romance. Lena's subjective perception of reality amounts to writing a script for herself (Hampson 2004), which casts her in the role of a sacrificial heroine. By using free indirect style, Conrad allows us to see Lena presented through her own idiom, in a manner comparable to Joyce's treatment of Gerty McDowell in Ulysses. The paper draws on Hampson's contention, exploring Conrad's narrative strategies in Victory, while also referring to the theoretical frameworks such as Genette's Narrative Discourse and Bakhtin's Dialogic Imagination.
FROM THE VIOLENT “BLACK BUCK” STEREOTYPE TO THE “BLACK HERO”: REPRESENTATIONS OF AFRICAN AMERICANS AND BLACK MASCULINITY IN AMERICAN CINEMA
Authors: Kocić Ana
Published: December 2017

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the representation of black masculinity in four popular Hollywood movies. In the first part of the paper, the key terms and analytical points are developed, based on the relevant literature from the fields of cultural, film and media studies, African American studies and black feminism. A special emphasis is placed on the transition from a stereotype of the “Black Buck”, a common on-screen representation of a violent, vengeful, highly sexual black male to the “Black Hero”, created in the Blaxploitation movies and further developed in more recent movies. The four movies that are closely analyzed are Sergio Corbucci’s Django from 1966, Gordon Parks’s Shaft from 1971 and their contemporary adaptations, Shaft (2000), directed by John Singleton and Django Unchained (2012), directed by Quentin Tarantino. One of the tasks of the research is to examine how the stereotype of a violent black thug has been deconstructed and modified in more recent movies to usher the “Black Hero” character.
ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS PURPOSES: SPECIALIZED TRANSLATION IN DEVELOPING AN ENGLISH-SERBIAN GLOSSARY OF RISK MANAGEMENT TERMS IN BANKING
Authors: Jagrović Aleksandar M. , Jagrović Biljana Č.
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of developing an English-Serbian glossary of risk management terms in banking with an emphasis on the specialized translation procedures utilized therein. Upon completion of the source material content and contrastive analysis (using the Atlas.ti 7 program), a corpus of 513 English terms (ETs) and 859 Serbian (one-to-one and/or one-to-many) translation equivalents (STEs) was collated and ethnographically verified at Vojvođanska Bank (Vojvođanska banka a.d. Novi Sad) in order to achieve a triangulation of the data sources and research methods. The overall prevalence of each translation procedure employed in the glossary was computed individually and in combination with other procedures in the following order: calque (49.64%), borrowing (32.45%), reordering (24.59%), equivalence (22.41%), transposition (14.73%), diffusion (13.46%), expansion (10.52%), literal translation (9.21%), adaptation (7.32%), modulation (4.68%), reduction (3.67%) and condensation (2.19%). The results obtained reflect the underlying trends in the specialized English-Serbian translation of risk management terms in banking, serving as reference guidelines for linguists, lexicographers and translators in their future research and practice. The present glossary is available in entirety and with open access on the self-created web page ESGRMTB.
ANTIOXIDANTS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE DURING MUSCULAR EXERCISE: A REVIEW
Authors: Bjelaković Ljiljana , Kocic Gordana , Radovanovic Dragan , Antic Vladimir , Bjelakovic Bojko , Antic Zorica
Published: December 2017

Physiological levels of reactive oxygen species, as an essential part of the homeostatic milieu, are required for normal functioning of skeletal muscle. High levels of reactive oxygen species promote contractile dysfunction resulting in muscle weakness and fatigue, oxidative stress, apoptosis and necrosis of muscle cells. It is known that both resting and contracting skeletal muscles produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. The first suggestion that physical exercise results in free radical-mediated damage to tissues appeared in 1978. The newest researches investigate the mechanisms by which oxidants influence skeletal muscle contractile properties and explore how to protect muscle from oxidant-mediated dysfunction. Principal antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. Numerous non-enzymatic antioxidants exist in cells within skeletal muscle fibers, the most abundant of which include glutathione, bilirubin, α-Lipoic acid , uric acid, and ubiquinones, or coenzyme Q (CoQ) andflavonoids. Dietary antioxidants are vitamins C- L ascorbic acid , vitamin A, retinol and their provitamins, carotenoids (especially β-carotene), vitamins E, tocopherol (especially a-tocoferol ), folic acid or folates. The usage of endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants protects muscle from strong damaging effects caused by free radicals during acute exercise or longer term physical exercise. Scientific researches now confirm that the long-term use of antioxidants is safe and effective. The actual recommendation for physically active individuals is to ingest a diet rich in antioxidants.
EVIDENCE-BASED STROKE REHABILITATION
Authors: Stanković Ivona D. , Stanković Anita , Spalević Marija , Zlatanović Dragan , Stanković Tamara
Published: December 2017

Stroke can have different clinical characteristics and consequences, with unequal disability and outcome, thus demanding individual approach, specific skills and general knowledge. Treatment of stroke has significantly improved during the last twenty years, mainly because of clinical and experimental studies, adequate medicamentous therapy, and the use of new technologies as well. Use-dependent rehabilitation strategy includes repetitive training with proper adjustment of the program. Other rehabilitation practices should also be incorporated, such as self-care, recreation, and home-based activities. Motivation of the patients, improving quality of life, functional independence, activities of daily life are crucial. Holistic approach means that the patient as a whole should be considered and treated. Scientific evidence is sufficient to confirm the necessity of physical rehabilitation of patients after stroke in order to achieve the optimal results. Current evidence on the effect of physical therapy in stroke rehabilitation is presented.
THE EFFECT OF DEGREE AND TYPE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY ON VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Tasić Ivan S. , Djordjević Dragan , Kostić Svetlana
Published: December 2017

Finding the arrythmogenic potential in patients with arterial hypertension as well as its correlation with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and its type and degree. The research included 109 hypertensive patients (pts) (54 male and 55 female), 54.2 ± 7.9 years old  without symptomatic coronary disease, myocardial infarction and  systolic dysfunction. All the pts had a clinical examination, ECG, 24 h Holter monitoring with Lown classification of ventricular arrhythmias, an echocardiogram with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and a specific type of LVH. QT interval dispersion (QTd) was calculated on 12 leads standard ECG. 75 pts had LVH (LVMI: 172.6 ± 42.95 g/m2) while 35 pts were without LVH (109.3 ± 15.9 g/m2). Non sustained ventricular tachycardia was registered in 13 pts (17.6%) with LVH and 1 female patient without LVH (2.9%). Patients with VT had a considerably higher ILVM (214.9 ± 6.8 vs. 151.9 ± 47.2 g/m2) than the average and higher QTd (73.7 ± 19.1 vs. 55.2 ± 20.2). VT was registered in 3/19 (15.8%) with eccentric nedilated type LVH, 6/38 (15.8%) with concentric LVH, 1/11 (9.1) (disproportional septal LVH) and 3/5 ( 60%) with dilated LVH. Univariate analysis showed a considerable correlation between the degree of arrhythmias and ILVM (p<0.001) and QTd (p=0.012). Ventricular arrhythmias in patients with arterial hypertension are considerably correlated to the degree of LVH expressed in ILVM and QTd.
FORMULA FOR THE WELL-BEING OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: 3R + 1R
Authors: Stojanović Nikola M. , Todorovska Milica M.
Published: December 2017

Animals were first used for research purposes at the beginning of the development of both biology and medicine. However, the expansion in the use of animals for laboratory purposes began in the 19th century. During an experiment, animals may experience fear, deprivation, disease, and various degrees of pain. Animal Protection activists oppose to animal experiments and it is, therefore, necessary to harmonize the worldwide regulations on the use of animals for scientific purposes. More than 50 years ago, Russell and Burch were the first to define the 3R rule. It consists of the following three principles: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement. Over time, one more R was added to stand for Responsibility, meaning a responsible behavior of those who implement the 3R rule. Replacement means that, if possible, each experimental animal model should be replaced by an in vitro method or be reduced to a smaller number of animals used. Reduction is defined as a reduced number of animals used to obtain certain experimental information, while Refinement is a reduction in the frequency or severity of inhumane procedures applied to animals that have yet to be used. The 3R (+1R) rule has its drawbacks, but it is a very important aspect of animal use regulation, which is essential. These rules are used to direct animal users towards an adequate experimental model, but also to be a reminder of the appropriate use of experimental animals at a given time.
THE CELL-FREE DNA DETECTION AND ANALYSIS AS THE NEW NON-INVASIVE PRENATAL DIAGNOSTICS OPTION
Authors: Milojković Maja , Milenković Jelena
Published: December 2017

Screening procedures for chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses are a standard of care for pregnant women. Ultrasound and maternal serum analysis are traditional prenatal screening methods with detection rates between 75%-95%, and considerable false-negative and false-positive results. Also, both require follow up by invasive diagnostic tests in screen-positive cases, mostly amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling, which are associated with notable risk of pregnancy loss. One of the innovative non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) options is the analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma, which is detected in maternal circulation in a relatively high concentration. Commercial tests for cfDNA in maternal blood have recently become available. Cell-free DNA detection tests do not separate fetal from maternal DNA but use full cfDNA complement and analyze difference in total amount of sequenced DNA fragments, with the help of sophisticated data analysis software. It seems that cfDNA technology testing is highly accurate and has a very high sensitivity, so the difference compared to routine serum sample screening shows its significant superiority. However, cfDNA positive results still need confirmation by the invasive testing. The cell-free DNA analysis aims to become the first choice NIPT option due to its safety and high accuracy rate. The final goal is to develop the reliable method that could eventually replace invasive prenatal testing procedures.
DRUG INDUCED LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Petrović-Subić Narcisa , Kojić Miroslav
Published: December 2017

Liver impairment can be caused by a significant number of foreign compounds (xenobiotics); prescribed drugs, ‘over the counter’ (OTC) drugs, herbal and alternative medicines. Hepatotoxicity caused by drugs used for therapeutic, recreational or nutritional purposes as well as drugs of abuse is a drug-induced liver disease (DILD). Over 300 agents in use have been connected with causing DILD. Factors associated with increased susceptibility to DILD are: age, gender, genetic predisposition, dose, other drug reactions, concomitant use of drugs, excessive use of alcohol, nutritional status, liver disease and other diseases. Drugs may cause liver injury in a predictable, dose-dependant manner (intrinsic DILD), or in an unpredictable, non-dose-dependant manner (idiosyncratic DILD). Xenobiotics that cause liver impairment provide a wide range of lesions resembling many other liver diseases. Acute hepatocellular damage can be cytotoxic (hepatocellular necrosis), cholestatic (associated with the interrupted flow of bile), or mixed. Clinical expressions of DILD range from nonspecific abnormalities of liver tests, to cholestasis, acute hepatitis and acute liver failure. Nodular hyperplasias, chronic hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, fibrosis, NASH, cirrhosis, benign and malignant liver tumours have been reported. Diagnosis of DILD is based on history, blood tests, imaging examination of hepatobiliary tract and, if applicable, liver biopsy. Clinical and laboratory findings in DILDs are not always in line with liver pathology. Histologic changes can be minor compared to biochemical findings. Liver enzymes are not synonym of liver damage.
Análisis del uso de antibióticos en antibiogramas de urocultivos realizados por un laboratorio clínico de la región centro-occidental de Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez-Salazar Carlos , Recalde-Reyes Delia , Padilla-Sanabria Leonardo
Published: December 2017

Introducción: Los antibióticos son moléculas bactericidas/bacteriostáticas que controlan infecciones bacterianas, su uso incorrecto favorece multirresistencia o falla terapéutica en el caso de cepas bacterianas naturalmente resistentes, generando así un riesgo para la salud. Objetivo: Analizar el uso de antibióticos en antibiogramas de urocultivos realizados por un laboratorio clínico (región centro-occidental, Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo.  Se tomaron datos de urocultivos y antibiogramas realizados entre abril de 2014 a junio de 2015 por un laboratorio clínico de la región centro-occidental de Colombia. Los datos obtenidos fueron confrontados con los protocolos descritos por el Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia. Resultados: Se analizaron 1815 reportes de urocultivos y antibiogramas, identificando 18 especies bacterianas. En el 22,3%(403) de casos se evaluaron y reportaron antibióticos sobre microorganismos naturalmente resistentes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa presentó mayor resistencia, el antibiótico con mayor resistencia fue ácido nalidíxico (66,7%). Conclusión: El estudio mostró que existe un problema en cuanto al manejo, reporte e interpretación de antibiogramas frente a microorganismos naturalmente resistentes, que podría favorecer el desarrollo de multirresistencia en microorganismos sensibles de la flora bacteriana. Una revisión de la bibliografía nacional e internacional, mostró reportes similares; ningún autor menciona resistencias intrínsecas, por lo que los datos de antibiótico resistencia serían sobreevaluados.
Desgaste psíquico y vulnerabilidad social de mujeres zapotlenses. Un estudio descriptivo
Authors: Saldaña-Orozco Claudia , Carrión-García María Ángeles , Gutiérrez-Strauss Ana María , Hernández-Flores Mónica Alejandra
Published: December 2017

Introducción: Numerosos estudios han documentado la incidencia de los riesgos psicosociales, y particularmente, del desgaste psíquico en la salud de los trabajadores. No obstante, las mujeres en condición de vulnerabilidad social no han sido objeto de exploración. Objetivo: Caracterizar el desgaste psíquico de una muestra de mujeres vulnerables. Materiales y métodos: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, correlacional. Se aplicó la dimensión número 4 de la Batería para el estudio de las condiciones de trabajo de carácter psicosocial (CTCPS-MAC), que evalúa desgaste psíquico y 3 factores particulares (respuesta cognitiva-emocional; respuesta conductual y respuesta fisiológica), a 99 mujeres vulnerables de Zapotlán el Grande. Resultados: Un 75,8 % de las participantes presentaron condiciones óptimas con calificaciones entre bueno y muy bueno, el 24,2% entre normal y nocivo, lo cual indica que requieren ayuda inmediata. El factor más afectado fue el número 1, respuesta cognitivo-emocional, el 52,5% presentó sintomatología negativa. No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre las variables sociodemográficas estudiadas y el desgaste psíquico. Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten abrir puertas para investigaciones más profundas con la población estudiada con el fin de garantizar salud mental, y calidad de vida en las mujeres en estado de vulnerabilidad social de Zapotlán el Grande.
Adaptación y validación de instrumento para evaluar habilidades psicosociales y hábitos saludables en escolares
Authors: Niño-Bautista Lucila , Hakspiel-Plata María Constanza , Mantilla-Hernandez Laura Cristina , Cardenas-Herrera Mary Stella , Guerrero-Parra Nury Constanza
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: Adaptar y validar un instrumento de evaluación sobre habilidades psicosociales para la vida y hábitos saludables en escolares de una localidad de Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: El estudio, transversal cuantitativo con enfoque empírico analítico no experimental, evaluó respuestas de escolares de 3° y 4° primaria con el instrumento adaptado y reconstruido para establecer calidad técnica de ítems, confiabilidad y validez del mismo. El instrumento (18 de habilidades psicosociales y 19 de hábitos saludables, más 4 ítems de identificación) fue de auto diligenciamiento con opción de respuesta dicotómica de Sí, No. Tuvo prueba de validez aparente con escolares de otras instituciones pares y prueba en 32 colegios públicos y fue analizada mediante el modelo de Rasch. Resultados: En total participaron 1.066 escolares. Los ítems de los dos constructos mostraron buen ajuste al modelo de Rasch, unidimensionalidad y medidas de confiabilidad y separación por encima de los valores recomendados; no hubo funcionamiento diferencial del ítem por sexo. Conclusión: El instrumento de 37 ítems presentó buenas propiedades de validez, confiabilidad y ajuste a Rasch, aunque no tiene suficientes ítems de alto nivel de dificultad, lo cual se podrá corregir en futuras aplicaciones.
Audiovisuales didácticos para promover las competencias científicas en la educación a distancia
Authors: Rodríguez Calvo Magaly , Villalobos Vindas Ivannia
Published: December 2017

Como estrategia metodológica, la Cátedra de Ciencias Naturales perteneciente a la carrera de Manejode Recursos Naturales y el Programa de Producción de Material Audiovisual de la Universidad Estatala Distancia produjeron dos videos didácticos, Especies Marinas: Caribe Submarino y Especies Marinas:Acuario Marino, para ser utilizados en la asignatura Laboratorio de Zoología General. Al ser una asignaturaimpartida en el tercer bloque del plan de estudios de la carrera, se espera que desde etapastempranas los estudiantes accedan a estrategias pedagógicas abiertas, flexibles y dinámicas que considerenla diversidad de formas, estilos y ritmos de aprendizaje en procura de que el mismo sea significativo,inclusivo y participativo mediante el uso de los recursos audiovisuales.Los dos videos didácticos deben ser observados y analizados por los estudiantes antes de realizar lagira de la asignatura Laboratorio de Zoología General, la cual forma parte de la evaluación de los estudiantes.La expectativa es que, a largo plazo, los estudiantes desarrollen competencias de pensamientocientífico a partir de explorar una gran variedad de habilidades científicas tales como: observación,experimentación, manipulación, argumentación y expresión cuando están ejecutando la práctica decampo. Por lo tanto, en estos audiovisuales se asocian los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos de varioscontenidos de la asignatura, para que posteriormente ellos puedan investigar, analizar e interpretaren procura de un pensamiento científico más activo y crítico.En ambas producciones, la estrategia narrativa reúne diversos recursos audiovisuales con fines didácticos,entre ellos: video, video submarino y animación que describen las diversas etapas del procesoy el entorno, por ello el uso de videos didácticos forma parte de una metodología pedagógica parapromover el desarrollo de las competencias científicas y lograr un cambio positivo y dinámico en elaprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Targeted Microbiome Intervention by Microencapsulated Delayed-Release Niacin Beneficially Affects Insulin Sensitivity in Humans
Authors: Fangmann Daniela , Theismann Eva-Maria , Türk Kathrin , Schulte Dominik M. , Relling Isabelle , Hartmann Katharina , Keppler Julia K. , Knipp Jörg-Rainer , Rehman Ateequr , Heinsen Femke-Anouska , Franke Andre , Lenk Lennart , Freitag-Wolf Sandra , Appel Esther , Gorb Stanislav , Brenner Charles , Seegert Dirk , Waetzig Georg H. , Rosenstiel Philip , Schreiber Stefan , Schwarz Karin , Laudes Matthias
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE

Gut microbiota represent a potential novel target for future prediabetes and type 2 diabetes therapies. In that respect, niacin has been shown to beneficially affect the host-microbiome interaction in rodent models.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We characterized more than 500 human subjects with different metabolic phenotypes regarding their niacin (nicotinic acid [NA] and nicotinamide [NAM]) status and their gut microbiome. In addition, NA and NAM delayed-release microcapsules were engineered and examined in vitro and in vivo in two human intervention studies (bioavailability study and proof-of-concept/safety study).

RESULTS

We found a reduced α-diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance in the microbiome of obese human subjects associated with a low dietary niacin intake. We therefore developed delayed-release microcapsules targeting the ileocolonic region to deliver increasing amounts of NA and NAM to the microbiome while preventing systemic resorption to avoid negative side effects (e.g., facial flushing). In vitro studies on these delayed-release microcapsules revealed stable conditions at pH 1.4, 4.5, and 6.8, followed by release of the compounds at pH 7.4, simulating the ileocolonic region. In humans in vivo, gut-targeted delayed-release NA but not NAM produced a significant increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes. In the absence of systemic side effects, these favorable microbiome changes induced by microencapsulated delayed-release NA were associated with an improvement of biomarkers for systemic insulin sensitivity and metabolic inflammation.

CONCLUSION

Targeted microbiome intervention by delayed-release NA might represent a future therapeutic option for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
The 1970s
Authors: Borstelmann Thomas
Published: December 2017

This book looks at an iconic decade when the cultural left and economic right came to the fore in American society and the world at large. While many have seen the 1970s as simply a period of failures epitomized by Watergate, inflation, the oil crisis, global unrest, and disillusionment with military efforts in Vietnam, this book creates a new framework for understanding the period and its legacy. It demonstrates how the 1970s increased social inclusiveness and, at the same time, encouraged commitments to the free market and wariness of government. As a result, American culture and much of the rest of the world became more—and less—equal. This book explores how the 1970s forged the contours of contemporary America. Military, political, and economic crises undercut citizens' confidence in government. Free market enthusiasm led to lower taxes, a volunteer army, individual 401(k) retirement plans, free agency in sports, deregulated airlines, and expansions in gambling and pornography. At the same time, the movement for civil rights grew, promoting changes for women, gays, immigrants, and the disabled. And developments were not limited to the United States. Many countries gave up colonial and racial hierarchies to develop a new formal commitment to human rights, while economic deregulation spread to other parts of the world, from Chile and the United Kingdom to China. Placing a tempestuous political culture within a global perspective, this book shows that the decade wrought irrevocable transformations upon American society and the broader world that continue to resonate today.
Aboutness
Authors: Yablo Stephen
Published: December 2017

Aboutness has been studied from any number of angles. Brentano made it the defining feature of the mental. Phenomenologists try to pin down the aboutness features of particular mental states. Materialists sometimes claim to have grounded aboutness in natural regularities. Attempts have even been made, in library science and information theory, to operationalize the notion. However, it has played no real role in philosophical semantics, which is surprising. This is the first book to examine through a philosophical lens the role of subject matter in meaning. A long-standing tradition sees meaning as truth conditions, to be specified by listing the scenarios in which a sentence is true. Nothing is said about the principle of selection—about what in a scenario gets it onto the list. Subject matter is the missing link here. A sentence is true because of how matters stand where its subject matter is concerned. This book maintains that this is not just a feature of subject matter, but its essence. One indicates what a sentence is about by mapping out logical space according to its changing ways of being true or false. The notion of content that results—directed content—is brought to bear on a range of philosophical topics, including ontology, verisimilitude, knowledge, loose talk, assertive content, and philosophical methodology. The book represents a major advance in semantics and the philosophy of language.
Accelerating Democracy
Authors: McGinnis John O.
Published: December 2017

Successful democracies throughout history have used the technology of their time to gather information for better governance. Our challenge is no different today, but it is more urgent because the accelerating pace of technological change creates potentially enormous dangers as well as benefits. This book shows how to adapt democracy to new information technologies that can enhance political decision making and enable us to navigate the social rapids ahead. This book demonstrates how these new technologies combine to address a problem as old as democracy itself—how to help citizens better evaluate the consequences of their political choices. As society became more complex in the nineteenth century, social planning became a top-down enterprise delegated to experts and bureaucrats. Today, technology increasingly permits information to bubble up from below and filter through more dispersed and competitive sources. The book explains how to use fast-evolving information technologies to more effectively analyze past public policy, bring unprecedented intensity of scrutiny to current policy proposals, and more accurately predict the results of future policy. But he argues that we can do so only if government keeps pace with technological change. For instance, it must revive federalism to permit different jurisdictions to test different policies so that their results can be evaluated, and it must legalize information markets to permit people to bet on what the consequences of a policy will be even before that policy is implemented. This book reveals how we can achieve a democracy that is informed by expertise and social-scientific knowledge while shedding the arrogance and insularity of a technocracy.
Against Massacre
Authors: Rodogno Davide
Published: December 2017

This book looks at the rise of humanitarian intervention in the nineteenth century, from the fall of Napoleon to World War I. Examining the concept from a historical perspective, the book explores the understudied cases of European interventions and noninterventions in the Ottoman Empire and brings a new view to this international practice for the contemporary era. While it is commonly believed that humanitarian interventions are a fairly recent development, the book demonstrates that almost two centuries ago an international community, under the aegis of certain European powers, claimed a moral and political right to intervene in other states' affairs to save strangers from massacre, atrocity, or extermination. On some occasions, these powers acted to protect fellow Christians when allegedly “uncivilized” states, like the Ottoman Empire, violated a “right to life.” Exploring the political, legal, and moral status, as well as European perceptions, of the Ottoman Empire, the book investigates the reasons that were put forward to exclude the Ottomans from the so-called Family of Nations. It considers the claims and mixed motives of intervening states for aiding humanity, the relationship between public outcry and state action or inaction, and the bias and selectiveness of governments and campaigners. An original account of humanitarian interventions some two centuries ago, the book investigates the varied consequences of European involvement in the Ottoman Empire and the lessons that can be learned for similar actions today.
Totuus totuuden jälkeisenä aikana - mediatutkimuksen tieteenfilosofiaa
Authors: Malmberg Tarmo
Published: December 2017

Vuosi 2016 teki suosituksi puheen totuuden jälkeisyydestä (post-truth), kun tarkoitetaan perättömien tietojen levittämistä. Totuuden jälkeisyydestä voidaan puhua myös mediatutkimuksen kohdalla, koska 1970-luvun jälkeen totuuden käsitteen oikeutuksen periaatteessakin kiistävät kannat ovat alalla olleet vahvoja. Artikkeli käsittelee kysymystä neljässä vaiheessa. 1) Yleisen taustan muodostaa uuden ajan tieteenfilosofian tarkastelu. 2) Mediatutkimuksen epistemologisten kantojen 1900-luvun historiaa käsitellään keskittyen erityisesti kahteen tekijään, Walter Lippmanniin ja Roland Barthes’iin. 3) Kysymyksen systemaattisessa tarkastelussa pohditaan tunnetuimpien totuusteorioiden soveltamista mediatutkimukseen. 4) Esitetään kantoja sen puolesta, miksi totuudesta puhuminen säilyy hankalana mediatutkimuksen tapaisessa empiirisessä tieteessä.
'There’s no media for refugees': Information and communication in camps on the Thai-Burma border
Authors: Jack Victoria
Published: December 2017

This article uses the example of camps on the Thai-Burma border to highlight the exclusion of refugees from the common world and subsequent omission of their voices from news coverage. Moreover, the article argues that this exclusion weakens the supposed protection offered to refugees by impeding the media in its role as protector and promoter of human rights. While there has been considerable literature examining the reporting of humanitarian crises to a global audience, in contrast there has been little in the way of research—and practice—concerning strategies to effectively communicate with refugees affected by such crises. Fieldwork conducted in three of nine official Thai-Burma border camps involved interviews with 81 participants, including refugees, humanitarian practitioners and journalists. Participant accounts show that a range of factors inhibit the production of news media coverage relevant to refugees interned in the Thai-Burma border camps, thereby preventing refugees from accessing vital information and voicing in common public space their experiences of violence, corruption and discrimination. A handful of exiled media groups provide poorly funded exceptions.
Artropofauna edáfica asociada a cultivo de Plátano Musa x paradisiaca L. Dominico–Hartón Musa AAB Simmons (MUSACEAE) en Calarcá, Quindío
Authors: Ligia Janneth Molina Rico , Arana Castañeda Carlos Andrés , Landázuri Patricia , Girón Vanderhuck Mercedes
Published: December 2017

En este trabajo se analiza la estructura de la comunidad de artrópodos edáficos asociados a un bosque secundario (Calarcá-Quindío), y a un cultivo de plátano bajo enmiendas orgánicas (Necromasa, Compost) y bajo agroquímicos, con dos distancias de siembra entre planta y planta (1,7m y 2,5m), en los meses de junio 2013 a enero 2014. Mensualmente se tomaron 3 monolitos de suelo por cada tratamiento bajo la metodología propuesta por el Programa de Biología y Fertilidad de los Suelos Tropicales. 18.929 individuos fueron colectados, distribuidos en 52 familias de insectos, 16 de miriápodos, 8 de arácnidos y 1 de crustáceos. Se evidencia un esfuerzo de muestreo con estimadores ACE y CHAO1 superior al 82% en las dos coberturas (cultivo y bosque). De manera general no se presentaron diferencias en la estructura de la comunidad a causa de los tratamientos pero se observa que estos modifican sustancialmente los grupos de arácnidos y miriápodos; mientras que los insectos parecen ser impactados por la variación microclimática del cultivo. Se concluye que los tipos de fertilización y las distancias de siembra no afectan la artropofauna edáfica; aunque se evidencia la modificación en las condiciones microclimáticas y biológicas del suelo por lo tratamientos.