bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE NEPSO AND OPINION EDUCATIVE SURVEY IN LATIN AMERICA: DISCUSSIONS ON STATISTICAL LITERACY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THIS APPROACH
Authors: OLIVEIRA FELIPE JÚNIO DE SOUZA , REIS DIOGO ALVES DE FARIA
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the objective is to discuss some aspects of statistical literacy in the context of conducting an educative project of opinion survey in the perspective of the teaching-learning approach of the Nossa Escola Pesquisa Sua Opinião (Nepso) Program or “our school survey your opinion”, in English. This Program, with centers created in some regions of Brazil, Latin America and Europe, consists of the dissemination of the use of opinion survey as a pedagogical tool through an eight-step methodology. This discussion is supported by a qualitative research, of participant observation, whose empirical research was based on the holding of eight meetings for the development of an opinion survey based on a theme chosen by a group of 16 students aged 13-14 years at a public school from Belo Horizonte city, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Of these eight meetings, one was selected to explore the analysis model we call the Nepso Process, which was based on the non-fragmentation of this teaching-learning approach to the detriment of a fragmented analysis. For such, the data were analyzed in a descriptive and interpretive manner, coherent with the qualitative nature of the research. Thus, it was found that Nepso is a methodology capable of stimulating statistical literacy in students through steps that link competencies and skills needed to work with projects.
Abstract: Portuguese
Neste artigo, objetivamos discutir alguns aspectos do letramento estatístico no âmbito da realização de um projeto educativo de pesquisa de opinião na perspectiva da abordagem de ensino-aprendizagem do Programa Nossa Escola Pesquisa Sua Opinião (Nepso). Esse Programa, com polos criados em algumas regiões do Brasil, América Latina e Europa, consiste na disseminação do uso da pesquisa de opinião como ferramenta pedagógica por meio de uma metodologia baseada em oito etapas. Tal discussão está amparada em uma investigação qualitativa, de observação participante, cuja pesquisa empírica baseou-se na realização de oito encontros para o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa de opinião a partir de um tema escolhido por um grupo de 16 estudantes de 13-14 anos de uma escola pública da cidade de Belo Horizonte, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Desses oito encontros, um foi selecionado para perscrutar o modelo de análise que chamamos de Processo Nepso que consistiu na não-fragmentação dessa abordagem de ensino-aprendizagem em prol de estratos de análise. Para tanto, os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e interpretativa, coerente com a natureza qualitativa da pesquisa. Destarte, verificou-se que o Nepso é uma metodologia capaz de estimular algum letramento estatístico nos estudantes por meio das suas etapas de trabalho que vinculam competências e habilidades necessárias ao trabalho com projetos.
PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ READING LEVELS OF LINE GRAPHS
Authors: ARTEAGA PEDRO , DÍAZ-LEVICOY DANILO , BATANERO CARMEN
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research was to describe the errors and reading levels that 6th and 7th grade Chilean primary school children reach when working with line graphs. To achieve this objective, we gave a questionnaire, previously validated by experts with two open-ended tasks, to a sample of 745 students from different Chilean cities. In the first task, we asked the children to read the title of the graph, describe the variables represented and perform a direct and inverse reading of a data value. In the second task, where we address the visual effect of a scale change in a representation, the students had to select the line graph more convenient to a candidate. Although both tasks were considered easy for the grade levels targeted, only some of the students achieved the highest reading level and many made occasional errors in the reading of the graphs.
Abstract: Spanish
El objetivo de esta investigación es describir los errores y niveles de lectura que alcanzan estudiantes chilenos de 6º y 7º grado de Educación Primaria al trabajar con gráficos de líneas. Para lograr este objetivo, se aplicó un cuestionario, previamente validado por expertos, con dos tareas abiertas a una muestra de 745 estudiantes de diferentes ciudades chilenas. En la primera tarea, se pidió que leyeran el título del gráfico, indicaran las variables representadas y realizaran una lectura directa y otra inversa de un valor de datos. En la segunda tarea, los estudiantes deben seleccionar y justificar el gráfico de líneas más conveniente para respaldar a un candidato, donde se aborda el efecto visual de cambio de escala en una representación. Aunque ambas tareas fueron fáciles, solo una parte de los estudiantes logró el máximo nivel de lectura y aparecieron errores ocasionales en la lectura de los gráficos.
DISCUSSION CIRCLE FOR THE TEACHING-LEARNING OF STATISTICS
Authors: MAGALHÃES MARCOS N. , MAGALHÃES MARIA CECILIA CAMARGO
Published: December 2021

Conceptual appropriation is central to the teaching-learning and development processes. The intellectual stage is expressed by writing, verbalization and the use of the object under construction, among other means of expression. This paper discusses the conceptual appropriation by means of the creation of collaborative situations in which the argumentative language mediates the construction of knowledge. Supported by Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory, Discussion Circle is an activity that consists of presenting some conceptual questions for the class to discuss in small groups initially, and then in a larger group, as a general meeting. Hence, we present the central ideas and theoretical support for the development of this activity and comment on a practice that took place during a course of Basic Statistics, part of the Teaching Program in Mathematics. Results indicate the conceptual development of students, which allows for the improvement of elementary school mathematics’ teacher education in terms of statistics studies, which is a strategic matter of importance for the broadening of society’s knowledge about this area.
Abstract: Portuguese
No processo de ensino-aprendizagem e desenvolvimento, a apropriação conceitual é central. O estágio intelectual se expressa, entre outras formas, pela escrita, verbalização e uso do objeto em construção. Este artigo discute a apropriação conceitual por meio da criação de situações colaborativas em que a linguagem da argumentação medeia a construção do conhecimento. A atividade Roda de Conversa, apoiada na teoria Histórico-Cultural de Vygotsky, consiste em propor algumas questões conceituais para a classe discutir, inicialmente em pequenos grupos e, a seguir, em uma reunião geral. Apresentamos as ideias centrais e os suportes teóricos para o desenvolvimento dessa atividade e comentamos sobre uma realização prática ocorrida em uma disciplina de Estatística Básica do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática. Os resultados encontrados indicam o desenvolvimento conceitual dos estudantes, colaborando com a melhoria da formação estatística do professor de Matemática da Educação Básica, questão estratégica na ampliação do conhecimento da sociedade sobre a área.
SANTIAGO – VILLARRICA – BARCELONA: THE STATISTICAL INVESTIGATIVE CYCLE IN PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHER TRAINING
Authors: UBILLA FRANCISCA M. , VÁSQUEZ CLAUDIA , FRANCISCO ROJAS FRANCISCO , GORGORIÓ NÚRIA
Published: December 2021

We consider the ability to complete an investigative cycle as an indicator of the robustness of students’ statistical knowledge. From this standpoint, we analyzed the written reports of primary education student teachers when they developed an investigative cycle in a Chilean and a Spanish university. In their development of the stages of the cycle we observed characteristics common to the centers (for example, summary research questions and conclusions that are a simple concatenation of results), and differential features (the data collection tools and techniques, among others). Armed with a knowledge of how future teachers approach and understand an investigative cycle we are able to contribute ideas that influence their training, building bridges between what they learn and what they should teach.
Abstract: Spanish
Consideramos la capacidad para completar un ciclo de investigación estadística como indicador de la robustez del conocimiento estadístico del estudiante. Desde este posicionamiento, analizamos las producciones escritas de profesores de enseñanza básica en formación cuando desarrollan un ciclo de investigación en una universidad Chilena y una Española. En las concreciones de las fases del ciclo observamos características comunes entre los centros (por ejemplo, preguntas de investigación tipo resumen y conclusiones como simple concatenación de resultados), y elementos diferenciales (instrumentos y técnicas de recogida de datos, entre otros). Conocer cómo abordan y comprenden el ciclo de investigación los futuros profesores nos permite aportar ideas para incidir en su formación, tendiendo puentes entre lo que aprenden y lo que deberán enseñar.
ALICE IN RANDOMLAND: A RESOURCE FOR IMPROVING ATTITUDES TOWARDS PROBABILITY AND ITS TEACHING
Authors: FLAVIO GUIÑEZ FLAVIO , VÁSQUEZ CLAUDIA , BRITO CAMILA , MARTÍNEZ SALOMÉ
Published: December 2021

This article presents the results of a study aimed at examining how primary school teachers’ attitudes towards probability and its teaching are influenced by their use of an interactive story focused on sparking interest in probability and providing opportunities for learning this mathematical topic. A scale of attitudes towards probability and its teaching was applied to 40 prospective primary school teachers, before and after reading the book. This instrument was implemented with two focus groups. Preliminary results revealed significant changes in pre-service teachers’ attitudes, particularly in their feelings towards probability. This evidence attested to the potential of the book, especially considering that the participants had only studied the basics of this topic in previous courses.
Abstract: Spanish
En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que busca indagar sobre cómo las actitudes hacia la probabilidad y su enseñanza de futuros profesores de Educación Básica, se ven influenciadas al interactuar con un cuento interactivo que busca estimular el interés y a la vez brindar oportunidades para el aprendizaje de las probabilidades. Para el estudio se aplicó una escala de actitudes hacia la probabilidad y su enseñanza a 40 futuros profesores de Educación Básica, antes y después de la lectura del libro, lo que fue complementado con dos grupos focales. Los resultados preliminares muestran cambios significativos en sus actitudes, particularmente en el componente afectivo hacia la probabilidad. Esta evidencia muestra el potencial que tiene la lectura del libro, más aún considerando que los estudiantes solo han estudiado, en cursos anteriores, nociones básicas de probabilidades.  En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que busca indagar sobre cómo las actitudes hacia la probabilidad y su enseñanza de futuros profesores de Educación Básica, se ven influenciadas al interactuar con un cuento interactivo que busca estimular el interés y a la vez brindar oportunidades para el aprendizaje de las probabilidades. Para el estudio se aplicó una escala de actitudes hacia la probabilidad y su enseñanza a 40 futuros profesores de Educación Básica, antes y después de la lectura del libro, lo que fue complementado con dos grupos focales. Los resultados preliminares muestran cambios significativos en sus actitudes, particularmente en el componente afectivo hacia la probabilidad. Esta evidencia muestra el potencial que tiene la lectura del libro, más aún considerando que los estudiantes solo han estudiado, en cursos anteriores, nociones básicas de probabilidades.
Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in Pakistan
Authors: Sindhu Muhammad Ali , Quddus Muhammad Abdul
Published: December 2021

The study explored the link between energy consumption and economic growth in Pakistan covering the period from 1980 to 2018. This study used an augmented production function and combined the two neo-classical and ecological points. Most important is that this study used three different proxies of energy to check whether the relationship is proxy specific or not in Pakistan. Furthermore, there are some controls in terms of trade and foreign direct investment to check the robustness of the relationship. The time series approaches as augmented dickey fuller (ADF) unit root test and ARDL bound test approach has applied. The results indicated the long-run positive relationship between energy and growth in Pakistan and the relationship is not proxy specific. Therefore, it has suggested enhancing energy efficient policies, better resource allocation for energy supply.
Teachers Perceptions about Reward Systems in Classroom
Authors: Javed Aisha , Muhammad Noor
Published: December 2021

A Reward system is used to influence the people in any organization. In education, teachers are used rewards to influence students learning outcomes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to find out the teacher's perceptions about rewards in the classroom. All the teachers of the public primary school of district Toba Tek Singh were considered for the population of the study. A questionnaire was used as a research tool for collecting the opinion of respondents, including a five-point rating scale. A total of 200 teachers (100 male and 100 female) were selected as a sample from 100 public primary schools in Toba Tek Singh. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Sciences) through t-test, mean and standard deviation. It was concluded that most of the teachers agreed that reward encourages the students to move forward. It was also proved that the rewards system was significantly better towards learner’s achievement. It was also confirmed that most teachers improved their performance regarding their rewards system; therefore, it had a positive impact on achieving the targeted objectives.
Persons who can be criminally liable for handling an event and for arrangement bets
Authors:   Moldova State University, Renita Gheorghe
Published: December 2021

In the Republic of Moldova, individuals and legal entities, respectively, can be held criminally liable for handling an event and for arranged bets. It was found that the subject of the offense of arranged betting has the special quality of a person who knows with certainty about the existence of an agreement regarding the cheating of the betting event. It is also not excluded that the organizer of the arranged bet may be the organizer of the bet. In fact, these games of chance can only work and be maintained if the majority of those who bet, lose more than they win. Last but not least, it has been established that those who commit harmful acts in cyberspace, who are liable to criminal liability for handling an event and for arranged bets (and not only), cannot remain incognito. They need to be identified and differentiated from justice.
Official document: material/immaterial object or product of offenses of forged public acts. PART II
Authors:   Moldova State University, Pirtac Cristina
Published: December 2021

In this scientific approaches are pointed and characterized the internal (content) features of the official document: the material/immaterial object or product of the offence of forged public acts. The official document, regardless of its form, is characterized by a specific content. The specificity of this content is determined by: a) the particularity, according to which the official document is in circulation due to the exercise by public person or by person with a dignity position of their service attributions and b) the particularity, according to which the official document is an act with legal relevance, being apt to lead to the appearance, modification or termination of some legal relations. It is also pointed that in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Moldova, only the official document, not the private one can be a material/immaterial object or product of the offenses of forged public acts.
Human dignity - source and foundation of human rights and freedoms in the 21st century
Authors:   National Institute of Justice, Republic of Moldova, Dorul Olga , Cazacu Doina ,   Moldova State University
Published: December 2021

Human dignity is a criterion of appreciation among people, because each of us wants dignity, it comes from our own nature, but it can be achieved in the community of which we are part. Throughout the existence and development of mankind, there have been various situations in which, however, human dignity has been violated. These situations, in turn, in addition to making the problem visible, served as a pillar for inventing new areas of protection of human dignity, such as: from the perspective of unbearable social conditions and the marginalization of poor social classes; unequal treatment of women and men at work; discrimination against foreigners and cultural, linguistic, religious and racial minorities; brutal expulsion of illegal immigrants and applicants today, disability, medicine, etc. In light of such specific challenges, various aspects of the significance of human dignity arise from the multitude of experiences of what it means to be humiliated and deeply hurt. All these have taken to a new level the perception of human dignity and have generated, depending on the stated problem, different legal, international instruments meant to protect the dignity of human being.
FOOD-RELATED COPING STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY SOME HOUSEHOLDS DURING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ariyo O. , Samuel F. O. , Eyinla T. E. , Leshi O. O. , Brai B. I. C. , Afolabi W. O.
Published: December 2021

As part of the measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus in Nigeria during the early stages of the pandemic, a lockdown of movements within and from outside the country was declared by the federal government. This article presents findings on food-related coping strategies adopted during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. A cross sectional survey using an online based questionnaire received responses from 883 households regarding information on food consumption, health seeking behaviour and food coping strategies during the COVID-19 lockdown. Food Coping Strategy Index (FCSI) was computed from the data received based on standard methods. Analysis and presentation of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The key findings show that daily mealtimes generally reduced from an average of 3 to 2 times. The storage capacity of households showed an average of 2-week food stock of staples, and most of the respondents had started reducing either their usual portion sizes or frequency of meals in order to cope with food shortages. As regards health seeking behavior, older respondents were more likely to take prophylactic medication (p<0.004) and there was a higher preference for fruits and Vitamin C as prophylactic items. A negative correlation between FCSI with mealtime during COVID-19 lockdown (p<0.000) and monthly income (p<0.000) was observed. The findings presented provide information for policy intervention in the areas of social safety nets and palliatives disbursement in the event of similar lockdown restrictions in the future.
Social Media Use Among Library and Information Science Students: A Case Study
Authors: Kasa Mathias Gabriel , Isah Jamilu Muhammad , Shehu Mohammed , Allahde Shehu , Ladipo Sunday
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the prevailing conditions of social media use among undergraduate students of Library and Information Science in a Nigerian University. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 180 full-time undergraduate students purposely. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data collected through the administration of questionnaire. Research findings showed that a great number of students of Library and Information Science are addicted to social media for wrong academic purposes. The levels of addiction varied according to four Likert scale type. The highly addiction was among student using WhatApp (40.82%) and not addicted among students using BB chat (13.12%). The demographic indicators provided the obvious results of singles (77.78%) possessing prevalence tendency of addiction, and surprisingly those between the ages of 27-30 (40%) were most addicted. The paper recommends awareness programmes that are tailored to reveal the ills of social media addiction and pave ways to balance use of social media platforms that benefit academic activities among students.
Prospects for Online Instructional Delivery Using Google Classrooms: Implications for Higher Education in Sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: Oladele Jumoke I. , Koledafe Olawale S. , Daramola Dorcas S.
Published: December 2021

Technology is relevant in achieving educational development. Exploring how best to pattern and incorporate educational technology to engender sustainability remains relevant. It is against this backdrop that this study examined the Prospect of online instructional delivery in sub-Saharan African Universities using Google Classrooms ascertained concerning usability and accessibility while examining impending challenges. This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study population was undergraduates enrolled at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria, a public institution owned by the Federal Government of Nigeria and the most soughed institution in terms of admission in the country. The target population was teacher trainees exposed to online instructional using Google Classrooms for 2018/2019 academic session. The study participants were purposively sampled; a total of 1933 participants. Data were gathered using a researcher designed questionnaire which was face and content validated. Three research questions were stated to examine accessibility, usability and challenges while the tested hypotheses were concerning prospects of Google Classroom for University of Ilorin undergraduates' learning across gender and departmental divides. Both descriptive statistics (Research Questions) and inferential statistics (Hypothesis) were employed in analysing data collected gathered. Significant findings revealed that Google Classroom holds prospects for innovative instructional approach for university undergraduates’ learning. However, there is a need to improve its level of accessibility to undergraduates to maximise its gains by making efforts to alleviate the challenges militating against smooth access to ensure sustainability in higher education in sub-Saharan Africa, apt in the current pandemic era.
Formulation Development and In-vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Tablets of Metoprolol Succinate
Authors: M. Salve Priyanka , K. Surawase Rajendra
Published: December 2021

Metoprolol succinate is a β1 selective antagonist used an anti-arrhythmic, antiagina, antihypertensive. sustained release tablet of metoprolol succinate were formulated using polymers. The half-life of drug is relatively 4-6 hours. The formulation of metoprolol succinate tablet were produced by direct compression or wet granulation method. The formulations were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, friability and dissolution, drug content all the physical characteristics of the formulated tablets were within acceptable limits. The dissolution studies of Metoprolol succinate sustained release tablets reflects USP specification NMT 25%by 1 hours, 20-40%by 4 hours,40-60%by 8 hours and more than 80% by 20 hrs.
Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive in-Situ Nasal Gel of Tapentadol Hydrochloride
Authors: B. Gotmare Reema , Kushwaha R. S. , K. Sharma Neeraj
Published: December 2021

Tapentadol Hydrochloride is a Tapentadol is a centrally acting analgesic. It has 33% bioavailability due to its first pass effect and hence possesses problems in the development of oral sustained release formulations. Mucoadhesive thermo reversible in-situ nasal gel of Tapentadol HCl was designed and developed to sustain its release due to the increased nasal residence time of the formulation. Poloxamer 407 (PF 127) was selected as it has excellent thermo sensitive gelling properties. HPMCK4M was added to impart mucoadhesive to the formulation, and PEG 400 was used to enhance the drug release. 32 Factorial designs were employed to assess the effect of concentration of HPMCK4M and PEG 400 on the performance of in-situ nasal gel systematically and to optimize the formulation. An optimized in-situ nasal gel was evaluated for appearance, pH, drug content, gelation temperature, mucoadhesive force, viscosity and ex-vivo permeability of drug through nasal mucosa of a goat. Additionally, this formulation was proved to be safe as histopathological studies revealed no deleterious effect on nasal mucosa of a goat after prolonged exposure of 21 days to the optimized formulation. Thus the release of Tapentadol Hydrochloride can be sustained if formulated in an in-situ nasal gel containing poloxamer 407 to achieve its prolonged action.
Design, Development and Evaluation of Anisomeles indica Herbal Cough Syrup
Authors: V. Ushir Yogesh , J. Tiwari Kundan
Published: December 2021

The objective of the present study was to design, development and evaluation antitussive herbal cough syrup because designing of oral herbal formulation is still a challenge in modern pharmaceutics and the syrup formulation presents many technical problems to the industrial pharmacist. Potential antitussive herbs were used for developing the herbal cough syrup. Decoction of plant Anisomeles indica, Leaves of Adhathoda vasika, stems of Glycyrrhiza glabra, fruits of Piper nigrum and plant of Mentha piperita was prepared. One part of decoction was mixed with five parts of simple syrup IP (1:5) to prepare formulation. The formulations were evaluated by morphological characters, physical parameters like PH, Specific gravity, viscosity etc. Herbal cough syrup was also subjected for the accelerated stability testing (AST) for the period of 72hours at accelerated temperature conditions. No marked changes were noticed in all the evaluated parameters during AST. The laboratory scale preparation of herbal Syrup may be used as a stable, liquid dosage form and the work done in stability testing may help in the progress of shelf-life determination studies. The presence study includes design, development and evaluation of Anisomeles indica herbal cough syrup first time.
Stability Testing of Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Singh Chauhan Yashpal , Nex Ravi , Sevak Ghanshyam , Singh Rathore Mahendra
Published: December 2021

Stability studies must be carried out according to the guidelines provided by the International Conference of Harmonization, World Health Organization, and other agencies in a scheduled manner. The pharmaceutical product’s stability can be defined as the ability, within its physical, chemical, microbiological, toxicology, protective, and informational requirements of a particular formulation in a specific container-closure system. It also guarantees that the performance, safety, and efficacy are maintained throughout the shelf life of any pharmaceutical product which is considered as pre-requisite for acceptance and approval. Different stability test methods have originated with the need for constant monitoring of drugs and products for their quality and purity. In this review, we have included the types of stability of drugs substances, the relevance of different methods used to test the stability of the pharmaceutical product, guidelines issued to test the stability of pharmaceuticals, stability testing protocols which describes the main components of a well-controlled and regulated stability test and other aspects of stability.
Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Anti-Parkinson’s profile of
Mucuna pruriens
Authors: Kurund Pranali , Gandla Swathi
Published: December 2021

Mucuna pruriens is a recognized herbal drug which contains numerous pharmacological activities. Mucuna pruriens commonly known as cow-age or cowitch or velvet bean or Alkushi. Mucuna pruriens has been traditionally used as a food source in a number of countries. It belongs to the Mucuna genus of Fabaceae family and it is cultivated in Asia, America, Africa, and the Pacific Islands. Mucuna pruriens is used in India since 1500 B.C. it contains various important phytoconstituents which are for medicinal purposes. Pods of Mucuna pruriens are used as a vegetable for human consumption. Its fresh leaves are used as animal fodder. Mucuna contains various species, 130 species of Mucuna are metioned in this review. The present review is an attempt to provide all the reported details of information regarding to the Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Anti-Parkinson’s Profile of Mucuna pruriens.
Checklist to select contract Research Organization for early phase Bioavailability/Bioequivalence Clinical Studies in Healthy Adult Human Volunteers
Authors: Desai Sharad , Patel Nilesh
Published: December 2021

Nowadays health agencies of regulated markets are becoming stringent regarding the bio-studies. So clinical/contract research organization (CRO) need to be selected carefully after their detailed assessment. As per requirement of bio-study CRO should be assessed with the study specific checklist of questions before awarding the bio-study. Questions related to various services of study like: Clinic phase, analytical phase, Pharmacokinetic and statistical phase, ethics approval, QA/QC, record handing etc. and related to CRO capabilities are discussed here with their relevance to conclude the abilities of CRO for successful execution of bio-study. Hence, this paper focuses all possible questions which need to be assessed before selection of CRO mainly for Bioavailability/Bioequivalence (BABE) study in healthy adult volunteers. Properly selected CRO will help for smooth execution of study and quality report and subsequently, hassle-free approval of dossier submitted to regulatory agency.
A Short Review on study on different Clinical trials Performed on drugs before it Comes into The Market
Authors: Pawar Girish Yogesh , Chaudhari Rushikesh Rakesh , Sonawane Tushar Naresh , Desale Jayesh Shyam , Ishikar Suraj K.
Published: December 2021

To study the topic we have used the detail study of various phases of clinical trials to support the topic, after the study we evaluated the various information that has been gathered. Although our paper describe the detail study, objectives behind the study, outcomes conclusion of clinical study. In our study are found that How the drug comes in the market and what are the various phases through which the drug has to cross. In our study we also understood that without the involvement of animals clinical trials won't be further conducted Through graphs one can easily understand the overviews of clinical trials study. Other supportive points like.
Types of clinical trials
Significance
Rate of pharmacist in clinical trials
Have been highlighted to support our article.
A Review on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative stress due to Complex-Ⅰ in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Kumar Babu V Nuthan , Khurana Navneet
Published: December 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the common physical movement disorder, and it is 2nd most progressive widespread neurodegenerative disorder all over the world, and it is reported that and essential 10 million, over 0.3 % of the total world population. A thoughtful reduction of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in the striatum is the main cause of these motor symptoms, collectively known as parkinsonism. Mitochondria serves as most important organelle in most of the cells and are essential for life and it is also called as heart for all cellular metabolisms. The main and most important role of mitochondria is generation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. In this study will study about how complex Ⅰ deficiency effects the mitochondrial and oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species which cause mitochondrial dysfunction and we also study emerging therapies for Parkinson disease with the help of coenzyme Q10 and some genes like FUN-14, FUNDC-1 and dimethyl fumarate or BG-12 in some phases of clinical trials and also by cell transplantation therapy and in future this study helps in finding how this sporadic Parkinson disease occurs in parkinsonism.
Calotropis gigantea- A Review
Authors: Lad Snehal , S. Rao Priya , N Vikhe Dattaprasad
Published: December 2021

Calotropis gigantea plant has a family Asclepiadaceae commonly and sub family Apocynaceae known as Madar in Hindi. It is a perennial herb with a very long history of use in traditional medicines. Calotropis gigantea is a hoary, laticiferous shrub, which is also known as “the milkweed”. Calotropis is used as a traditional medicinal plant in whole world. Calotropis gigantea plant contain chemical constituents in which cardenolides, flavonoids, terpenes, pregnanes and nonprotein amino acid and more in various concentration. The root bark contains α-amyrin, β-amyrin, taraxasterol and its ψ-isomer taraxasteryl isovalerate, taraxasteryl acetate, gigantin, giganteol, isogiganteol, β-sitosterol and wax. The rootalso shows Nootropic activity in methanolic extract. The latex, leaves, flowers and bark are used as caustic, acrid, expectorant, to removes body hairs, anthelmintics and alsoused in leprosy, ulceration, cough, scabies ring worm of the scalp, piles, explosion on the body, asthma, enlargement of spleen or liver, edema and in painful joint swellings. Also, evaluate possible anxiogenic effect, sedative action and anxiolytic potential of crude ethanolic extract of Calotropis gigantealeaf. Methanolic extract of Calotropis gigantea root used as memory increasing activity. This review gives an idea about its pharmacological activity and phytochemistry.
A Review on Prescription Drug Monitoring Program
Authors: D. Mankar Someshwar , S. Navale Abhijit , R. Kadam Suraj
Published: December 2021

Nowadays Prescription Opioid Abuse has become a serious problem, to monitor and reduce Opioid Abuse most of countries developed Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP). Regarding to this we conduct a systematic review to understanding the PDMP impact in order to reduce Opioid Abuse and improving prescriber practices. This review can help to guide efforts to better response to the Opioid crises.
Infectious Keratitis Associated with Contact Lenses
Authors: Cho Kyong Jin
Published: December 2021

The use of contact lenses for correcting refraction, suppressing myopia progression, and cosmetic purposes is increasing steadily. Contact lenses have various effects on the corneal surface and corneal infection can occur following obstruction of tear flow, micro-damage to corneal epithelial cells, corneal hypoxia, changes in corneal immunity, and exposure to contaminants. When a patient who used to wear contact lenses presents with keratitis, it is important to distinguish whether it is an infection; if it is an infection, it is important to find the causative strain and promptly treat it appropriately. Since improper lens care is related to infection, appropriate patient education is necessary, and the risk of contact lens infection should be reduced through regular ophthalmic examinations.
Clinical Analysis of Dry Eye Syndrome According to Anterior Displacement of the Marx Line
Authors: Lee Da Bin , Lee Moon Hyeong , Cho Kyong Jin , Park Yuli
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with dry eye syndrome according to anterior displacement of the Marx line.Methods: This retrospective study involved 127 eyes in 127 patients with dry eye, who were divided into three groups: group 1, aqueous-deficient, including Sjögren syndrome; group 2, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) dry eye; and group 3, other tear layer instability. A detailed assessment was conducted, involving the Ocular Surface Disease Index, corneal fluorescein staining (score: 0-15), conjunctival Lissamine green staining (score: 0-12), measurement of tear breakup time, and Schirmer’s test.Results: The proportion of patients with MGD was highest in the group with anterior displacement of the Marx line (p < 0.05). The correlation between anterior dislocation of the Marx line and Schirmer’s test, an objective indicator of dry eye syndrome, was significantly weaker when there was anterior displacement of the Marx line.Conclusions: Anterior dislocation of the Marx line was more common in patients with MGD. The Marx line is a useful marker for diagnosing MGD.
Վերջավորող և վերջին վերջավորող ձայների գործառույթները հայոց ութձայն համակարգի տեսական բնութագրերում
Authors: Ամիրաղյան Գայանե
Published: December 2021

Հոդվածը նվիրված է հայ եկեղեցական երաժշտության հիմքը կազմող ութձայն համակարգի հիմնական գործառութային աստիճաններից երկուսի՝ վերջին և վերջին վերջավորող ձայների տեսական բնութագրերին XIX-XX դարերի և արդի շրջանի հայ երաժշտական միջնադարագիտության ոլորտում: Քննության են ենթարկվում վերոհիշյալ գործառույթների տեսական նկարագրերի տարբերությունները Ե. Տնտեսյանի, Ն. Թաշճյանի, Կոմիտասի, Ռ. Աթայանի, Ն. Թահմիզյանի, Ա. Արևշատյանի աշխատություններում: Դիտարկվող խնդրի վերաբերյալ Կոմիտասի տեսակետը որպես հիմնական ելակետ ընդունելով՝ առաջարկվում է մեթոդաբանական որոշակի մոտեցում, որը կարող է նպաստել վերջավորող և վերջին վերջավորող ձայների տեսական սահմանումների հստակեցմանը: The present paper is dedicated to the theoretical descriptions of two main functional degrees of the eight-mode system basing the Armenian sacred music, verǰavoroł jayn (Arm: final tone) and verǰin verǰavoroł jayn (Arm: last final tone), in the field of the Armenian medieval music studies in XIX-XX centuries and in our days. It examines the differences between the theoretical descriptions of the mentioned functions in the works of Ye. Tntesyan, N. Tashchyan, Komitas, R. Atayan, N. Tahmizyan, A. Arevshatyan. The opinion of Komitas regarding the question observed is taken as a starting point, offering a certain methodological approach which may contribute to the clarification of the theoretical definition of final and last final tones.
Promoting Social Entrepreneurship in Morocco: The case of NIHD ’s projects in Ouarzazate
Authors: Amaghouss Jabrane , Hssain Jihad Ait
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper was to identify key issues facing social entrepreneurship in Morocco through the study of five social enterprises in the province of Ouarzazate in order to evaluate the current situation of this sector and explore its different challenges as well as its future in terms of promotion, development and sustainability.The finding show that the problems and challenges that social enterprise face prove the fact that this accompaniment is not enough or not efficient. Therefore, there are cases of cooperatives who are struggling to survive because of given to them at the start of their activity was not helpful. Reinforcing the capacity-building trainings and mechanisms for social entrepreneurs will enable them to gain a better knowledge and abilities of increasing their chances of succeeding their projects and make them viable.
Dancing someone else's movements through someone else’s body
Authors: Poveda Yánez Jorge , Davies Nina
Published: December 2021

In this article, we will describe the uneven conditions in which dance practices are being extracted and circulated by looking at how online gaming platforms have digitised and commodified human movement. The study of these controversial cases contextualised within the legal aspects of dance copyright are the basis to offer speculative courses for both dance practitioners. The first section explores the issues of digitisation and ownership of bodily movement within virtual spaces by looking at notions of disembodiment and dance as a commodifiable object. The second section illustrates the complexities of copyrighting choreography through a critique on how intellectual property regimes disregard collective and social practices. Finally, we will present alternatives for dance practitioners going forward by looking at how to protect dance as a digital object; the current initiatives to engage dancers with technological affordances; and the decentralising potential of blockchain networks to build new collaborative landscapes for the circulation of creativity.
Distance dance as an actor network
Authors: Ferm Almqvist Cecilia
Published: December 2021

As a contribution to the critical and creative discussion regarding definitions and examples of how dance practices are being reimagined in the age of distance, this article focuses on possibilities and challenges with organizing virtual contemporary dance workshops for older adults. The aim of this article is to explore intra-actions within entanglements including older adult amateur dancers, a choreographer, homes, dance studios, the software zoom, devices, music, and dance during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. Situations seen as webs of relations including the mentioned actors were created. To be able to describe how the constantly performed intra-active networks of dancers and other material actors were constituted, actor-network theory was applied. The results show specific trajectories that exemplifies intra-actions with the participants. The older adults became dancers that make meaning in their lives, even if the virtual trajectories possible to follow to some extent, are limited by the pandemic cursed distance
Performing the Pandemics
Authors: Poveda Yánez Jorge , José Bejarano Salazar María , Müssnich Rotta Gomes de Assunção Naiara , Goda Venkataramani Subhashini
Published: December 2021

Stemming from one creative experience that emerged in London during the lockdown period of early 2020, called the “Emergency Festival”, this article is a result of observations based on practice, centred around the festival that a group of multicultural, interdisciplinary movement-based researchers and dancers created, curated, and participated in. It explores the possibility of making a radical alterity out of a hitherto previously established ideas of territory, time, and community, using performative writing as practice-based analysis scheme. Employing the concept of “communitas” by Victor Turner (1969) to approach the phenomenon of dance through distance, the article examines the importance of the emergence of collaboration as a way forward, epistemologically looking at dance as a method of creating and sustaining communities that are longing for a sense of home in times of change. The writing is divided into three parts, focussing on the aspects of space, time, and community, all the while embedded in the nature of movement and its effect on the practitioners, and onlookers, concluding with contemplation on the place of dance in varied mediums and the way forward to study it in a period of global disruption.
Economic aspects of indexing democracy
Authors:   Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Chabanna Marharyta
Published: December 2021

Indices of democratic development are the important issue of contemporary political studies. Their calculation allows to rank countries by a set of parameters and, accordingly, to assess trends in political changes. In this context, some authors pay attention to the indicators of development of national economies. In general, when it comes to determining the type of political regime, it is necessary to consider the various dimensions (e. g. institutional, socio-cultural). To avoid conclusions based on incomplete information and focus on separate – institutional, cultural, or economic – aspects, it is necessary to use an interdisciplinary approach, which, in addition, allows to consider the maximum number of factors of sustainability of democratic trends. Considering the scholarly debate over the interdependence of political and economic development, the paper compares the indices of democracy with economic development estimates, as well as the Gross domestic product of the countries selected for consideration. Quantitative data were analyzed with the calculation of the corresponding correlation coefficients. Initially, the author identified the relationship between indicators of democratic development to obtain confirmation of the feasibility of further comparison. As the obtained coefficients for the selected group of countries are reliable, the methodology applied to the considered countries is valid for application for other regions for which the listed research institutions carry out evaluations. This allowed the use of democratic development indicators to compare them with assessments of market economy development. Accordingly, there is a correlation between democratic and economic development – indicators of democracy status, democracy index and ranking of countries on the democracy scale on the one hand, and the index of economic freedom, market economy status, indicators of institutional ranking of economic freedoms – one the other. Moreover, it is emphasized that theoretical generalizations about the relationship between democracy / democratization and the level of economic development should take into account not only the correlation between expert assessments, but also the relationship between democratization and GDP. On the other hand – such a relationship is nonlinear, and the conditions of democracy, external and internal factors, as well as the national context are significant. Key words: democracy, political regime, economic development, modernization theory, Gross domestic product.
Crises of political development in Ukraine: causes and content
Authors:   Kuras Institute of Political and Ethnic Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zelenko Galyna
Published: December 2021

Crises of political development are inherent in countries transitioning from an authoritarian to a democratic regime. In contrast to political crises, crises of political development are inherent in transit societies. Usually they have much deeper and more fundamental reasons related to the quality of the authoritarian political regime, the nature of the transformational changes and are much longer lasting. Іn this article author analyzes the crises of political development that are manifested in Ukraine during the transformation of the political regime. The crises of political development include the crisis of identity, distribution, participation, penetration and legitimacy. The crisis of identity characterizes the disintegration of ideals and values that dominated in political culture of the previous period; the crisis of distribution lies in the inability of the ruling elite to ensure socially acceptable growth of material well-being and its distribution, which causes social stratification and is a constant source of socio-political conflicts; the crisis of penetration is conditioned in the reduced ability of public authorities to perform the functions inherent in the state, which complicates the implementation of reforms and governance; the crisis of participation is conditioned through the creation of artificial barriers by the ruling class for the inclusion in political life of groups claiming power or passivity of society, as a result of which unconventional forms of political participation begin to prevail; the crisis of legitimacy is conditioned in the low efficiency of the constitutional model of power organization and arises as a result of inconsistency of goals and values of the ruling regime with the ideas of the majority of citizens about the rules of just government. The combination of these crises creates a crisis syndrome of modernization and hinders the development of the state in general. In conclusions the author formulates the institutional tools which can reduce the negative effects of crises of political development. Key words: crisis of political development, crisis of identity, crisis of distribution, crisis of participation, crisis of penetration, crisis of legitimacy, financial-industrial groups, political institutionalization, political regime.