bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELF couples and automatic code-switching
Authors: Pietikäinen Kaisa S.
Published: March 2014

English as a lingua franca (ELF) research has primarily concentrated on academic or business contexts so far, leaving private communication with little or no attention. This article approaches ELF use in the private sphere with focus on code-switching, by studying interviews from six couples who use ELF as the main language of the relationship. By combining conversation analysis (CA) with content analysis, it is discovered that sometimes ELF couples code-switch automatically, without noticeable awareness of switching. This, together with the observation that all couples mentioned using code-switching, indicates that ELF couples allow a relaxed attitude towards language mixing within the couple's shared range, where code-switching facilitates meaning-making without jeopardising understanding. This strategy may over time turn into such an automated process that it sometimes arises unexpectedly. The data also indicates a less restrained use of code-switching among multilingual couples who share several fluent languages.
“Maybe just things we grew up with”: linguistic and cultural hybridity in ELF couple talk
Authors: Klötzl Svitlana
Published: March 2014

This paper investigates the use of ELF in interactions between people in a romantic relationship (couples) and explores to what extent cultural factors are involved in the process of establishing and maintaining intimacy through ELF, with the main focus on the hybrid forms in their talk. The data (audio recordings of domestic ELF interactions, questionnaires, interviews) came from four European couples representing four different first-language constellations. The data suggest that ELF couples do not conform to conventionalized ENL linguistic and cultural norms. This allows for a creative pragmatic process of hybridization and acculturation of English into the partners' private space, whereby ELF couples will accommodate the language by drawing upon any available resources, and re-load it with their own cultural values for the pretextual purpose of achieving the desired effect of mediating comity.
Study on the identification of organic and common anions in the pyrohydrolysis distillate of mixed uranium-plutonium carbide for the
interference free determination of chlorine and fluorine by ion chromatography
Authors: Jeyakumar Subbiah , Mishra Vivekchandra Guruprasad , Das Mrinal Kanti , Raut Vaibhavi Vishwajeet , Sawant Ramesh Mahadeo , Ramakumar Karanam Lakshminarayana
Published: March 2014

Identification of various soluble organic acids formed during the pyrohydrolysis of uranium-plutonium mixed carbide [(U,Pu)C] was
carried out using ion chromatography. This has significant importance as the soluble organic acids can cause severe interferences
during the ion chromatography separation and determination of Cl− and F− in the pyrohydrolysis distillate of
(U,Pu)C. Determination of Cl and F is important in the chemical quality control of nuclear materials as these two elements can cause
corrosion and hence, their concentrations in all nuclear materials are restricted to certain specified values. Since the pyrohydrolysis
distillates contain both inorganic and organic acid anions, for the sake of separating and identifying organic acid anions from the
common inorganic anions, three independent isocratic elutions using varying concentrations of NaOH eluent were employed for the
separation of weakly, moderately and strongly retained anions. It was observed that pyrohydrolysis of (U,Pu)C also produced soluble
organic acids as in the case of nitric acid dissolution of UC. The present investigation revealed the presence of formic, acetic,
propionic, butyric, oxalic acid anions in the pyrohydrolysis distillate of (U,Pu)C in trace or ultra-trace concentrations. The presence
of each organic acid identified in the chromatogram was confirmed with spike addition as well as by separating them by capillary
electrophoresis method. The presence of lower aliphatic acids viz. formic and acetic acids was reconfirmed by carrying out an
independent separation with tetraborate eluent. It is suggested that nitric acid being formed during pyrohydrolysis could be
responsible for the formation of organic acids. Based on the findings, an ion chromatography separation method has been proposed for
the interference-free determination of chloride and fluoride in pyrohydrolysis distillate of (U,Pu)C.
Assessment of natural radioactivity in major building materials of Xiangyang, China
Authors: Feng Tingting , Lu Xinwei
Published: March 2014

The activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in the commonly used building materials
collected from Xiangyang were measured using NaI (Tl) gamma spectrometer. The radioactivity values of 40K,
226Ra and 232Th in the studied samples ranged from 130.5 to 1006.3, 8.4 to 164.0, and 8.7 to
145.6 Bq kg
–1, respectively. The concentrations of these radionuclides have been compared with the typical
published world values. Radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indexes, external and internal exposure
indexes, indoor air absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose rate have been calculated to assess the potential radiological
hazard associated with natural radionuclides in the studied materials. The calculated values of all the assessed indices in the
analyzed building materials except for fly ash are below the internationally accepted limits indicating that these building
materials can be safely used in dwellings construction and do not lead to any significant radiation exposure to
occupants. Nevertheless, the annual effective dose rate values of all fly ash samples, external and internal hazard indexes
values in most fly ash samples exceed the recommended values. It is, therefore, desirable to regularly monitor the natural
radioactivity level of the building materials products made from fly ash.
Legislating to Communicate
Authors: Tanner Edwin
Published: March 2014

In Lifting the Fog of Legalese, Joseph Kimble offered a set of guidelines for writing in clearer language. He does not provide a method for the interpretation and grammatical analysis of those guidelines. This article provides that analysis. Examples are taken from the USA Patriot Act 2001 to explicate and validate them and to assess whether that Act is expressed clearly, simply, and precisely. It was found that that Act contained some long and syntactically complicated sentences which result from the unnecessary adherence to the single provision/single sentence structure. If adherence to this structure were abandoned, comprehension could be enhanced and the legislation made more accessible to lawyers and lay persons alike.
Company Law Modernisation and Corporate Governance in the United Kingdom
Authors: Tomasic Roman
Published: March 2014

Many elements of British company law are deeply embedded in 19th century assumptions. Change has come very slowly when efforts have been made to modernise company law in the United Kingdom. The passage of the Companies Act 2006 was a significant advance after a lengthy period of debate and consultation, but the outcome is far from perfect. This legislation has, however, introduced some important new concepts into this body of British law. The Act sought to simplify company law and to start with a small firm focus as these comprise the vast majority of companies. For the first time, the Act also codified the duties of directors and introduced the concept of ‘enlightened shareholder value’, to give greater attention to stakeholders other than shareholders and to encourage companies to adopt more long-term perspectives. This paper explores some of these important changes.
Gain-Based Relief for Invasion of Privacy
Authors: Harder Sirko
Published: March 2014

In many common law jurisdictions, some or all instances of invasion of privacy constitute a privacy-specific wrong either at common law (including equity) or under statute. A remedy invariably available for such a wrong is compensation for loss. However, the plaintiff may instead seek to claim the profit the defendant has made from the invasion. This article examines when a plaintiff is, and should be, entitled to claim that profit, provided that invasion of privacy is actionable as such. After a brief overview of the relevant law in major common law jurisdictions, the article investigates how invasion of privacy fits into a general concept of what is called ‘restitution for wrongs’. It will be argued that the right to privacy is a right against the whole world and as such forms a proper basis of awarding gain-based relief for the unauthorised use of that right.
Stuck in the Terminal with the Gates Firmly Shut
Authors: Smith Graham , Howard Leigh
Published: March 2014

The foreshadowed lockout by Qantas on Saturday, 29 October 2011 of approximately 3000 employees affecting potentially hundreds of thousands of passengers globally, with no warning to the public, sharply focused the public mind on the powers of Australia’s industrial tribunal, Fair Work Australia (‘FWA’), to intervene in industrial disputes. Scenes of stranded passengers, late night FWA hearings and the interventions by Federal and state governments captured the public’s attention in ways reminiscent of some of the nation-stopping oil industry disputes of the 1970s and 1980s. The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of the powers of FWA to deal with protracted disputes and the legislative policy drivers at work. It does so by first providing the context and history of how such disputes were settled by predecessor industrial tribunals. The authors then summarise FWA’s current jurisdiction and give a précis of relevant decisions that have been handed down since the passage of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) (‘FW Act’). That analysis colours the subsequent discussion of the Qantas dispute. In concluding, the authors join the chorus and offer their thoughts on policy and possible changes to the FW Act.
Reflections from the President
Authors: Khan Taha , Kemp Ashleigh , Swift Julia
Published: March 2014

DICTUM Editors Taha Khan, Ashleigh Kemp and Julia Swift put the Hon Justice Christopher Maxwell, President of the Court of Appeal, Supreme Court of Victoria, under the spotlight.
Sentencing and Other Controversial Issues
Authors: Gray Ian
Published: March 2014

This article seeks to demonstrate the importance of rational debate in the community on controversial issues. It focuses on the need for rationalism to prevail in community debates on controversial issues. Issues inclusive of sentencing, climate change, mental health and its prevalence in the prison system and ‘whether courts are out of touch’ with the community. This article recognises the difficulties faced by those engaged in community issues and concludes by promoting the need to maintain a tolerant and harmonious society by engaging in well informed rational debate.
Clerical Child Abuse
Authors: Murphy Yvonne
Published: March 2014

This article has been adapted from the 3rd Michael Kirby Justice Oration, delivered at the College of Law & Justice, Victoria University, Melbourne on 7 March 2013.

 

Ireland has been overwhelmed in the past two decades by what the Catholic Church itself has called ‘a tsunami’ of revelations of clerical child abuse – physical as well as sexual – of the meticulous concealment of abuse and abusers and of a long-established, and almost universal policy of protecting the assets and reputation of the Church, in preference to exposing the abusers. Between 2006 and 2009 Judge Yvonne Murphy chaired a Commission of Inquiry into the child sex abuse scandal in the Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin.
Copyright and Computer Generated Materials
Authors: Fitzgerald Anne , Seidenspinner Tim
Published: March 2014

Computer generated materials are ubiquitous and we encounter them on a daily basis, even though most persons are unaware that this is the case. Blockbuster movies, television weather reports and telephone directories all include material that is produced by utilising computer technologies. Copyright protection for materials generated by a programmed computer was considered by the Federal Court and Full Court of the Federal Court in Telstra Corporation Limited v Phone Directories Company Pty Ltd. The court held that the White Pages and Yellow Pages telephone directories produced by Telstra and its subsidiary, Sensis, were not protected by copyright because they were computer-generated works which lacked the requisite human authorship. The Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) does not contain specific provisions on the subsistence of copyright in computer-generated materials. In the light of the decision of the Full Federal Court in Telstra v Phone Directories it is timely to consider whether specific provisions should be enacted to clarify the position of computer-generated works under copyright law.
Practical Issues in Engaging and Adducing Expert Evidence
Authors: Brand Jeremy
Published: March 2014

This paper examines developments in the rules and procedures relating to adducing expert evidence in court proceedings. In so doing, the paper examines legislative requirements, what constitutes a person as an expert, how to determine who to appoint as an expert as well as considering the factors that are relevant to preparation of the brief to the expert. Finally, the impact of increasing judicial oversight in the giving of expert evidence, including hot tubbing and conclaving of experts, is considered.
Obtaining of bilateral high voltage epitaxial p—i—n Si structures
by LPE method
Authors: Vakiv N. M. , Krukovsky S. I. , Tymchyshyn V. R. , Vas’kiv A. P.
Published: March 2014

Silicon p—i—n-structures are usually obtained using conventional diffusion method or liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). In both cases, the formation of p- and n-layers occurs in two stages. This technological approach is quite complex. Moreover, when forming bilateral high-voltage epitaxial layers, their parameters significantly deteriorate as a result of prolonged heat treatment of active high-resistivity layer. Besides, when using diffusion method, it is impossible to provide good reproducibility of the process. In this paper a technique of growing bilateral high-voltage silicon p—i—n-structures by LPE in a single process is proposed. The authors have obtained the optimum compounds of silicon-undersaturated molten solutions for highly doped (5•1018 cm–3) contact layers: 0.4—0.8 at. % aluminum in gallium melt for growing p-Si-layers and 0.03—0.15 at. % ytterbium in tin melt for n-Si-layers. Parameters of such structures provide for manufacturing of high-voltage diodes on their basis. Such diodes can be used in navigational equipment, communication systems for household and special purposes, on-board power supply systems, radar systems, medical equipment, etc.
Obtaining porous silicon suitable for sensor technology
using MacEtch nonelectrolytic etching
Authors: Iatsunskyi I. R.
Published: March 2014

The author suggests to use the etching method MacEtch (metal-assisted chemical etching) for production of micro- and nanostructures of porous silicon. The paper presents research results on the morphology structures obtained at different parameters of deposition and etching processes. The research has shown that, depending on the parameters of deposition of silver particles and silicon wafers etching, the obtained surface morphology may be different. There may be both individual crater-like pores and developed porous or macroporous surface. These results indicate that the MacEtch etching is a promising method for obtaining micro-porous silicon nanostructures suitable for effective use in gas sensors and biological object sensors.
Public History and Mass Incarceration
Authors: Rizzo Mary , Swan Martha
Published: March 2014

Nonprofit human rights organization John Brown Lives! uses local and regional history as a tool to raise contemporary questions around racial injustice, inspired by the work of controversial abolitionist leader John Brown. In this interview, founder Martha Swan discusses how John Brown Lives! uses public history, from a series of community conversations around mass incarceration and drug laws to a traveling exhibit on voting rights in nineteenth century New York State, to encourage people to question the narrative of American history, the meaning of freedom, the role of policy in racial issues, and the connections between history and place.
Psychiatric Functioning and Quality of Life in Young Patients With Cardiac Rhythm Devices
Authors: Webster Gregory , Panek Kathryn A. , Labella Madelyn , Taylor George Alexander , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Cecchin Frank , Martuscello Maria , Walsh Edward P. , Berul Charles I. , DeMaso David R.
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND:

Less is known about depression, anxiety and quality of life (QoL) in children and adolescents with pacemakers (PMs) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) than is known in adults with these devices.

METHODS:

A standardized psychiatric interview diagnosed anxiety/depressive disorders in a cross-sectional study. Self-report measures of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder were obtained. Medical disease severity, family functioning and QoL data were collected. A total of 166 patients were enrolled (52 ICD, 114 PM; median age 15 years).

RESULTS:

Prevalence of current and lifetime psychiatric disorders was higher in patients with ICDs than PMs (Current: 27% vs. 11%, P = .02; Lifetime: 52% ICD vs. 34% PM, P = .01). Patients with ICDs had more anxiety than a healthy population (25% vs. 7%, P < .01). Patients with ICDs and PMs had similar levels of depression as a healthy population (ICD 10%, PM 4%, reference 4%, P = .29). In multivariate analysis including a medical disease score, demographics, exposure to beta-blockers, activity limitations, hospitalizations, shocks and procedures, the type of device (PM versus ICD) did not predict psychiatric diagnoses when age at implantation and the severity of medical disease were controlled for. Patients with ICDs and PMs had lower physical QoL scores (ICD 45, PM 47.5, Norm 53, P ≤ .03), but similar psychosocial functioning scores (ICD 49, PM 51, Norm 51, P ≥ .16) versus a normal reference population.

CONCLUSIONS:

Anxiety is highly prevalent in young patients with ICDs, but the higher rates can be attributed to medical disease severity and age at implantation instead of type of device.
Ceftriaxone and Acute Renal Failure in Children
Authors: Li Ning , Zhou Xuefeng , Yuan Jiyan , Chen Guiying , Jiang Hongliang , Zhang Wen
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE:

Our aim was to evaluate the clinical profile, treatment, and outcome of ceftriaxone-associated postrenal acute renal failure (PARF) in children.

METHODS:

We retrospectively studied 31 consecutive cases from 2003 to 2012 for PARF after ceftriaxone treatment. There was no past history of urolithiasis or nephropathy in these children.

RESULTS:

The average time of ceftriaxone administration before PARF was 5.2 days. The major symptoms apart from anuria included flank pain (>3 years old, 25/25), excessive crying (<3 years, 6/6), and vomiting (19/33). Ultrasound showed mild hydronephrosis (25/31) and ureteric calculi (11/31). Nine children recovered after 1 to 4 days of pharmacotherapy. Twenty-one children who were resistant to pharmacotherapy underwent retrograde ureteral catheterization. After catheterization of their ureters, normal urine flow was observed, and the symptoms subsided immediately. Catheter insertion failed in 1 child who subsequently underwent 3 sessions of hemodialysis before normal urination was restored. Ceftriaxone was verified to be the main component of the calculi in 4 children by tandem mass spectrometric analysis. The recovery was complete in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS:

Ceftriaxone therapy in children may cause PARF. Early diagnosis and prompt pharmacological therapy are important in relieving the condition. Retrograde ureteral catheterization is an effective treatment of those who fail to respond to pharmacotherapy.
Activity Levels in Mothers and Their Preschool Children
Authors: Hesketh Kathryn R. , Goodfellow Laura , Ekelund Ulf , McMinn Alison M. , Godfrey Keith M. , Inskip Hazel M. , Cooper Cyrus , Harvey Nicholas C. , van Sluijs Esther M.F.
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate the association between objectively measured maternal and preschool-aged children’s physical activity, determine how this association differs by demographic and temporal factors, and identify factors associated with maternal activity levels.

METHODS:

In the UK Southampton Women’s Survey, physical activity levels of 554 4-year-olds and their mothers were measured concurrently by using accelerometry for ≤7 days. Two-level mixed-effects linear regression was used to model the association between maternal and children’s minutes spent sedentary, in light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Linear regression was used to investigate correlates of maternal activity.

RESULTS:

Mother-child daily activity levels were positively associated at all activity intensities (sedentary, LPA, and MVPA; all P < .001). The association for sedentary time was stronger for normal-weight children (versus those who were overweight/obese), and those attending preschool part-time (versus full-time). The mother-child association for LPA differed by maternal education and was stronger at the weekend (versus weekdays). The opposite was true for MVPA. Sedentary time and MVPA were most strongly associated in mornings, with LPA most strongly associated in the evenings. Maternal BMI, age leaving school, number and age of children at home, and working hours were independently associated with maternal daily sedentary time and LPA.

CONCLUSIONS:

Physical activity levels in mothers and their 4-year-old children are directly associated, with associations at different activity intensities influenced by temporal and demographic factors. Influences on maternal physical activity levels also differ by activity intensity. Providing targeted interventions for mothers of young children may increase both groups’ activity.
Renal Cortical Abnormalities in Siblings of Index Patients With Vesicoureteral Reflux
Authors: Hunziker Manuela , Colhoun Eric , Puri Prem
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE:

Screening siblings of index patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has been proposed to identify children who are at risk for renal damage. However, screening siblings for VUR remains controversial. We investigated the prevalence of VUR and renal cortical abnormalities in the sibling population in a large cohort of families with VUR.

METHODS:

Between 1998 and 2012, parents of index patients with grade III to V VUR were asked permission to screen siblings <6 years of age for VUR. Siblings were divided into 2 groups: siblings with a documented history of a previous urinary tract infection (UTI) and siblings who were screened for VUR and never had a UTI. A logistic regression model was used to determine independent risk factors associated with renal cortical abnormalities such as history of presentation, age, gender, and grade of VUR.

RESULTS:

There were 318 siblings in 275 families in the study. VUR was found after screening in 190 (60%) siblings and after a UTI in 128 (40%). Multivariate analysis revealed that siblings who had a previous UTI (odds ratio: 3.38), siblings with high grade reflux (odds ratio: 3.62), and siblings over 1 year of age (odds ratio: 2.84) were the most significant independent risk factors associated with renal cortical abnormalities.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is increased risk of renal cortical abnormalities in siblings with a previous UTI, siblings with high-grade VUR, and siblings over age 1 year. This information may help to counsel parents about the risk of VUR and reflux nephropathy in familial VUR.
Atenção Primária e saúde materno-infantil: a percepção de cuidadores em uma comunidade rural quilombola
Authors: Marques Amaro Sérgio , Freitas Daniel Antunes , Leão Cláudia Danyella Alves , Oliveira Stéphany Ketllin Mendes , Pereira Mayane Moura , Caldeira Antônio Prates
Published: March 2014

Este estudo objetivou avaliar os atributos da atenção primária, com enfoque sobre a saúde infantil, segundo a percepção de uma comunidade quilombola no Norte de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de pesquisa transversal, descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária, versão infantil (PCA-Tool, versão criança), com aplicação aos cuidadores das crianças residentes e cadastradas na comunidade quilombola. Os atributos da atenção primária foram avaliados através dos escores aferidos pelos cuidadores, segundo critérios do instrumento. Apenas dois atributos da atenção primária apresentaram valores satisfatórios: Acesso-Utilização e Coordenação-Sistema de informação. Os piores escores foram para os atributos de Orientação Familiar e Acesso-acessibilidade. O escore geral também mostrou valor abaixo do satisfatório. Os resultados registram baixa fidelidade aos atributos da atenção primária, segundo a percepção dos cuidadores e destacam a necessidade de maiores esforços para adequação do novo modelo assistencial para a população estudada.
Sentidos de saúde e modos de cuidar de si elaborados por homens usuários de Unidade Básica de Saúde - UBS
Authors: Silva Fabiane Aguiar , Silva Iolete Ribeiro da
Published: March 2014

A pesquisa objetivou compreender os sentidos de saúde e modos de cuidar de si elaborados por homens usuários de Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) em Manaus. A proposta constituiu-se como pesquisa qualitativa que abordou, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, homens usuários e profissionais de saúde de uma UBS localizada na periferia de Manaus, Amazonas. Os dados foram analisados através das técnicas de Tematização, Análise do Conteúdo e Processualidade do Sentido fundamentadas pela abordagem Construcionista Social discutida por Spink. A pesquisa revelou as multifaces da questão de gênero, as quais demonstram que os homens "não são todos iguais", existem masculinidades. Os homens entrevistados no serviço de saúde demonstraram que possuem sentidos de saúde que comungam entre si, mas que também se diferem por inúmeras dimensões. A pesquisa refletiu que a pluralidade dos sentidos de saúde e as performances de cuidado de si conferem à saúde o caráter humano e reivindicam o protagonismo dos usuários na construção do sistema de atenção integral à saúde. Apontam-se indicadores que podem contribuir para intervenções em saúde para a ampliação da visibilidade de homens nesses serviços e consequentemente a capacidade dos serviços em lidar com eles.
Participação social e saúde no Brasil: revisão sistemática sobre o tema
Authors: Paiva Fernando Santana de , Stralen Cornelis Johannes Van , Costa Pedro Henrique Antunes da
Published: March 2014

O processo de democratização brasileiro contribuiu para a emergência de conselhos gestores e conferências temáticas no contexto das políticas públicas de saúde. O objetivo do presente artigo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura com o intuito de conhecer os fatores relacionados ao processo de institucionalização destas arenas democráticas. Foram pesquisadas as seguintes bases: Lilacs, Ibecs, Medline, Scielo, Paho, Psycinfo, Web of Science, Social Science e Ebsco. Para a composição da amostra de 25 artigos foram associados os seguintes descritores: Social Control, Social Participation, Consumer Participation, Community Participation, Public Participation, Citizen Participation, Political Participation, Participative Management, Participative Democracy, Deliberative Democracy com Health Councils e Health Conferences. Os resultados encontrados sintetizam um conjunto de categorias que tem impactado os espaços públicos participativos: representatividade e capacitação política, relações entre os atores sociais, desenho institucional, cultura política, discursos sobre saúde/doença e o debate em torno da democracia. Os achados contribuem para avançarmos na compreensão de tais instituições, favorecendo a construção de alternativas comprometidas com o fortalecimento da democracia em nosso país.
Políticas de saúde para o controle do tabagismo na América Latina e Caribe: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Fagundes Luís Gustavo da Silva , Martins Marlene das Graças , Magalhães Evandro Monteiro de Sá , Palmiéri Patrícia de Cássia Ruela , Silva Júnior Sinézio Inácio da
Published: March 2014

O hábito de fumar preocupa cada vez mais, os governos, as autoridades de saúde e a sociedade como um todo, por ser uma droga lícita, causar dependência e levar a sérios danos à saúde. O tabagismo causa cerca de 5,4 milhões óbito/ano no mundo, sendo o segundo fator de risco para óbitos. Buscamos identificar como as políticas podem contribuir para a cessação do tabagismo no âmbito da América Latina e Caribe. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa, na Bireme, utilizando-se o Lilacs. Obteve-se 16 artigos, selecionados pelos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram comparados e agrupados por similaridade de conteúdos e divididos em 04 grupos: espaços livres de fumo, convenção quadro, políticas locais brasileiras e outros. Poucos dados sobre o tabagismo na América Latina e Caribe estão disponíveis, principalmente no que tange a avaliação das políticas implantadas. Destacou-se às políticas de espaço livres de fumo (05 artigos), a Convenção Quadro de Controle do Tabagismo (04 artigos) e artigos que retratam políticas brasileiras de enfretamento ao tabagismo (03 artigos).
A atenção primária à saúde na coordenação das redes de atenção: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Rodrigues Ludmila Barbosa Bandeira , Silva Patricia Costa dos Santos , Peruhype Rarianne Carvalho , Palha Pedro Fredemir , Popolin Marcela Paschoal , Crispim Juliane de Almeida , Pinto Ione Carvalho , Monroe Aline Aparecida , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: March 2014

Os sistemas de saúde, organizados em Redes de Atenção e coordenados pela Atenção Primária à Saúde, podem contribuir para a qualidade clínica, com resultados sanitários de impacto positivo, na satisfação dos usuários (pela melhoria do acesso e resolubilidade) e na redução dos gastos dos sistemas locais de saúde. Dessa forma, propôs-se analisar a produção científica acerca das evidências, potencialidades, desafios e perspectivas da Atenção Primária à Saúde na coordenação das Redes de Atenção. Para atingir o objetivo, definiu-se como método a revisão integrativa, considerando o período temporal de 2000 a 2011. As bases de dados selecionadas foram Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências de Saúde) e SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Atenderam aos critérios de seleção 18 artigos. Pode-se observar que as potencialidades acerca dos serviços de Atenção Primária se sobressaíram às fragilidades. Contudo, destaca-se a necessidade de pesquisas com maior nível de classificação das evidências científicas sobre a atuação da Atenção Primária à Saúde na coordenação das Redes de Atenção.
Vulnerabilidade na saúde do adolescente: questões contemporâneas
Authors: Silva Marta Angélica Iossi , Mello Flávia Carvalho Malta de , Mello Débora Falleiros de , Ferriani Maria das Graças Carvalho , Sampaio Julliane Messias Cordeiro , Oliveira Wanderlei Abadio de
Published: March 2014

Este estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa objetivou analisar como adolescentes percebem a realidade em termos da vulnerabilidade na saúde. Foram realizadas 17 entrevistas semiestruturadas com adolescentes de duas escolas de educação fundamental de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. A interpretação dos dados, orientada pela análise de conteúdo, fez emergir três núcleos temáticos. Os resultados indicaram que os adolescentes compreendem a complexa interação entre a predisposição individual à vulnerabilidade para a saúde, bem como as questões relacionadas à estrutura social, o que contribui para o fortalecendo da concepção de vulnerabilidade a partir das lógicas individual, social e programática. Identificou-se que as políticas públicas, a prevenção e a assistência na adolescência não devem ser orientadas por um único referencial, mas sim pelo reconhecimento da pluralidade do ser adolescente quanto à vulnerabilidade em suas dimensões, rompendo, dessa forma, com a ideia de universalidade do processo de adolescer.
Efeitos de um programa de exercicios fisicos sobre a pressao arterial e medidas antropometricas
Authors: Zaar Andrigo , Reis Victor Machado , Sbardelotto Mari Lucia
Published: March 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: O número de pessoas com sobrepeso ou obesidade tem alcançado índices alarmantes no Brasil. Condutas não-medicamentosas devem ser a estratégia inicial para o tratamento de indivíduos com sobrepeso e hipertensão leve a moderada. OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos de um programa de condicionamento físico realizado por um período de 24 meses sobre pressão arterial e composição corporal em indivíduos normotensos e pré-hipertensos. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 35 indivíduos randomizados como: (GI) normotensos (n = 16), 51 ± 1 anos, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) < 120 e diastólica (PAD) < 80 mmHg; e (GII) pré-hipertensos (n = 19), 54 ± 1 anos, PAS de 139 e PAD de 89 mmHg. RESULTADOS: Após 24 meses de programa de condicionamento físico, os indivíduos do GII apresentaram redução na PAS (-3,6 ± 0,94 e -10 ± 0,94 mmHg, p < 0,05, respectivamente) e PAD (-6,5 ± 1 e -7,1 ± 0,9 mmHg, p < 0,05). Em ambos os grupos houve redução do perímetro de cintura (-1,74 ± 3,5 e -1,91 ± 4 cm, p < 0,05) e índice de adiposidade (-1,21 ± 2,6 e -1,35 ± 3,1%, p < 0,05), aumento da massa corporal (+1,27 ± 3 e +1,32 ± 3,8 kg, p < 0,05), IMC (+0,72 ± 0,4 e +0,54 ± 0,60 kg/m2, p < 0,05) e massa corporal isenta de gordura (+0,91 ± 0,5 e +0,77 ± 4,8 kg p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Este programa reduziu PA, o perímetro de cintura e o índice de adiposidade em indivíduos pré-hipertensos, constituindo-se, portanto, numa estratégia segura e de baixo custo na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares e melhoria da condição de saúde da população.
Treinamento aerobio e resistido, qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional de hipertensas
Authors: Povoa Thais Inacio Rolim , Jardim Paulo Cesar Brandao Veiga , Sousa Ana Luiza Lima , Jardim Thiago de Souza Veiga , Souza Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso de , Jardim Luciana Sanches Veiga
Published: March 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes hipertensos podem apresentar comprometimento da qualidade de vida (QV) e da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS), tanto pela hipertensão arterial (HA), quanto pelos eventuais efeitos adversos do tratamento. Exercícios físicos, aeróbios e resistidos, melhoram a performance cardiorrespiratória e neuromuscular, mas há poucas evidências sobre seus efeitos na QV, QVRS e capacidade funcional (CF) em mulheres hipertensas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar os efeitos dos treinamentos aeróbio e resistido sobre a QV, QVRS e a capacidade funcional em hipertensas. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico randomizado, cego, com total de 18 sessões de exercícios. Foram incluídas mulheres hipertensas sob tratamento medicamentoso, não participantes de programas de exercícios, com 50 anos de idade ou mais, que não apresentaram arritmias e/ou alterações isquêmicas em teste ergométrico (protocolo de Bruce). A amostra foi randomizada como segue: grupo aeróbio (GA) (n = 21) e grupo resistido (GR) (n = 20). Intensidade GA: leve a moderada (Escala de Borg adaptada); GR: até 50-65% de 1 RM. Duas séries com 12 a 15 repetições. Antes e após a intervenção foram aplicados os questionários WHOQOL-bref (QV) e SF-36 (QVRS) e realizado o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6`) para avaliar a CF. Estatística: testes Shapiro-Wilk, t de Student, Fisher, U de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon. Nível de significância: p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos eram inicialmente homogêneos nos aspectos clínicos, antropométricos, funcionais e sociodemográficos (p > 0,05). Após a intervenção houve melhora significativa em todos os domínios do WHOQOL-bref no GA e no GR houve melhora no domínio aspectos físicos. No SF-36, constatou-se melhora significativa em sete de oito domínios tanto no GA quanto no GR. Capacidade funcional: verificou-se melhora nos dois grupos (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Os dois tipos de treinamento melhoraram a QV e a CF e, dependendo dos objetivos estabelecidos, ambos podem ser eficazes.
Reabilitacao cardiaca em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularizacao do miocardio
Authors: Aikawa Priscila , Cintra Angelica Rossi Sartori , Oliveira Junior Abelardo Soares de , Silva Claudio Tafarel Mackmillan da , Pierucci Juliana Dale , Afonso Max dos Santos , Souza Maicon de Pinho , Paulitsch Felipe da Silva
Published: March 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: Os programas de reabilitação cardíaca (PRC) vêm diminuindo a morbidade e a mortalidade em pacientes após cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM). OBJETIVO: Observar a adesão de pacientes submetidos à CRM isoladamente na fase tardia a um PRC e analisar a qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional antes e após o treinamento físico de três meses de PRC. MÉTODOS: Foram contatados todos os pacientes submetidos à CRM isoladamente no período de um ano para participarem de um PRC com duração de três meses com três sessões semanais de uma hora de duração. Todos os pacientes realizaram exames bioquímicos de sangue, teste de força muscular de uma repetição máxima (1-RM) para membros superiores e inferiores, teste de caminhada dos 6 minutos (TC6) e responderam o questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36 antes e após o treinamento. RESULTADOS: De todos os 86 pacientes contatados, apenas 13% (n = 11) concluíram o PRC. A média de idade foi 67 ± 9 anos. O sexo masculino foi predominante, 73% (oito homens). Não houve alterações significativas nos exames bioquímicos laboratoriais. No TC6 houve um aumento significativo na distância percorrida (p = 0,014); quanto à força muscular houve um aumento significativo na carga para o teste em membros superiores (p = 0,043); e no questionário SF-36 não observamos diferenças significativas nos escores antes e depois dos três meses de PRC. CONCLUSÃO: A adesão ao PRC foi baixa, logo é de suma importância a divulgação da participação de pacientes que realizaram CRM nesses programas para proporcionar maior capacidade funcional.
Efeito da natacao associada a diferentes tratamentos sobre o musculo soleo de ratos: estudo histologico e morfometrico
Authors: Oliveira Dean Rodrigues , Pinho Anna Carolina Azambuja , Delise Jaqueline Del Negri , Nunes Mariana Pereira , Diniz Luana Beatriz MPV , Ribeiro Neto Helio , Santos Helio Batista dos , Oliveira Vanessa Neves de , Ribeiro Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja
Published: March 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de suplementos ergogênicos farmacológicos e nutricionais cresce a cada dia no ambiente esportivo. A creatina e os esteroides anabólicos são os recursos ergogênicos mais procurados ultimamente. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações histológicas e morfométricas do músculo sóleo de ratos que receberam suplementos e foram submetidos a treinamento físico (TF) de natação. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 50 ratos, distribuidos em cinco grupos: três não submetidos à atividade física (controles) e dois que receberam treinamento de natação (treinados). Um grupo controle recebeu apenas ração (grupo controle ração), dois grupos (um controle e outro treinado) receberam diariamente 3,3 mg de creatina por grama de dieta dissolvida em água aplicada oralmente via gavagem, e os outros dois grupos (um controle e outro treinado) receberam injeção intramuscular do esteroide anabolizante decanoato de nandrolona (Deca-durabolin(r) - Organon) 5 mg/kg duas vezes por semana. Os grupos treinados foram submetidos ao TF com duração de 60 min/sessão de segunda a sexta-feira por nove semanas, e foram sacrificados no final deste período. Após o sacrifício, o músculo sóleo foi retirado, fixado em formalina (10%) tamponada e incluído em parafina. Os cortes histológicos foram corados pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina para avaliação de hiperplasia e hipertrofia muscular. Para análise dos dados aplicou-se a análise de variância ANOVA One-Way com post hoc de Tukey-Kramer com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Foi demonstrado que a creatina associada ao exercício provavelmente aumente o espaço intersticial no músculo esquelético sem alterar o tamanho ou número de fibras musculares, enquanto que o anabolizante aumentou o número de fibras musculares por área de músculo analisada, embora nenhuma alteração tenha sido observada na área da fibra. CONCLUSÃO: O músculo de ratos submetidos ao treinamento de natação responde diferentemente frente ao tipo de recurso ergogênico utilizado.
Assessment of ICU readmission risk with the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer score
Authors: Oakes Daiane Ferreira , Borges Ingrid Nemitz Kras , Forgiarini Junior Luiz Alberto , Rieder Marcelo de Mello
Published: March 2014

Patient discharge from the ICU is indicated on the basis of clinical evidence and the result of strategies aimed at improving health care. Nevertheless, some patients might be discharged too early. We attempted to identify risk factors for unplanned ICU readmission, using a score for risk assessment, designated the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer (SWIFT) score. We evaluated 100 patients discharged from an ICU and found that the SWIFT score can be used as a tool for improving the assessment of ICU patients and the appropriateness of ICU discharge, thus preventing readmission.
Altimetria GNSS de precisão aplicada ao monitoramento da dinâmica sedimentar costeira de curta duração em escala regional
Authors: Santos Marcelo Soares Teles , Amaro Venerando Eustáquio , Ferreira Anderson Targino da Silva , Santos André Luis Silva dos
Published: March 2014

Este trabalho apresenta metodologia utilizada na altimetria GNSS de precisão aplicada em estudos costeiros de praias arenosas localizadas no Litoral Setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte, baseada em cálculo, modelagem e remoção da Componente Sistemática (CS) do modelo geoidal. Os métodos foram aplicados e avaliados utilizando o modelo geoidal MAPGEO. O cálculo da CS foi realizado em Referências de Nível (RNs) localizadas na área de estudo pela subtração entre as alturas geoidais gravimétricas, obtidas pelo modelo geoidal, e as geométricas, obtidas pelo posicionamento GNSS em RNs. Após modelagem e remoção da CS, por um modelo superfície polinomial quadrático, a CS calculada, com média de -0,498 m, Desvio Padrão (DP) de 0,110 m e Erro Quadrático Médio (EQM) de 0,509 m, passou a ter média nula, DP de 0,065 m e EQM de 0,062 m. Avaliações realizadas a partir de pontos de controle externos ao modelo mostraram que a metodologia forneceu acurácia decimétrica à altimetria GNSS, adequada ao monitoramento da elevada dinâmica sedimentar em ambientes costeiros, fato comprovado no estudo de caso apresentado.
Assesment of bathymetric maps via GIS for water in reservoir
Authors: Ceylan Ayhan , Ekizoglu Ilke
Published: March 2014

In order to adopt measures for storing more water in reservoirs, lakes and ponds; to prevent water pollution, protect water sources and extend the service life of these facilities, it is important for manager (Municipalities, Directorates of the State Hydraulic Works (DSHW), Irrigation Unions etc.) to know the current topographic conditions and any changes in the storage capacities of these facilities. This study aimed to identify the updated topographic and bathymetric data required for the efficient management and usage of Altınapa reservoir, changes in surface area and volume of the facility, and to form a Reservoir Information System (RIS). Two digital elevation models, from 2009 and 1984, were used to determine changes in the storage capacity of the reservoir. The calculations indicated that, within this 25-year period, the storage capacity of the reservoir decreased by 12.7% due to sedimentation. A Dam Information System (RIS) was developed from a wide range of data sources, including topographic and bathymetric data of the reservoir and its surrounding area, data on specific features such as plant cover, water quality characteristics (Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Secchi Disk Depth (SDD) and pH), geological structure, average water level, water supplied from springs, evaporation value of the reservoir, and precipitation.
Low-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Forst Deborah A. , Nahed Brian V. , Loeffler Jay S. , Batchelor Tracy T.
Published: March 2014

Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are a diverse group of primary brain tumors that often arise in young, otherwise healthy patients and generally have an indolent course with longer-term survival in comparison with high-grade gliomas. Treatment options include observation, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combined approach, and management is individualized based on tumor location, histology, molecular profile, and patient characteristics. Moreover, in this type of brain tumor with a relatively good prognosis and prolonged survival, the potential benefits of treatment must be carefully weighed against potential treatment-related risks.

We review in this article current management strategies for LGG, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In addition, the importance of profiling the genetic and molecular properties of LGGs in the development of targeted anticancer therapies is also reviewed. Finally, given the prevalence of these tumors in otherwise healthy young patients, the impact of treatment on neurocognitive function and quality of life is also evaluated.
Discussion Group Effectiveness is Related to Critical Thinking through Interest and Engagement
Authors: Jones Janelle M.
Published: March 2014

Higher student enrolment at North American tertiary institutions over the last decade has led to a greater reliance on lecturing in large classes (i.e., 50 students or more). The efficiency of lecturing as a method of instruction can sometimes come at the cost of student interaction, engagement, critical thinking and satisfaction. Implementing discussion groups in large lecture classes is one technique that can reverse these costs, however it is not clear what it is about discussion groups that promotes these outcomes. Drawing on social identity theory (Tajfel, 1981), the present study examined the roles of two discussion group characteristics: identification and effectiveness, in predicting course interest and engagement, critical thinking and application, and course satisfaction among psychology students assigned to discussion groups in a large class ( N = 81) over a 12-week period. Findings indicated that discussion group effectiveness, but not discussion group identification, predicted course interest and engagement, critical thinking and application, and course satisfaction. Importantly, the relationships between discussion group effectiveness and critical thinking and application, and discussion group effectiveness and course satisfaction were mediated by course interest and engagement. When discussion groups help students to understand and engage with new ideas and information, this can promote the interest and engagement that can promote positive outcomes. The implications of these findings are discussed.
The Global Financial Crisis: U.S. Bankruptcies and Going-Concern Audit Opinions
Authors: Geiger Marshall A. , Raghunandan K. , Riccardi William
Published: March 2014

SYNOPSIS

This study investigates whether auditors' going-concern modified opinion (GCO) decisions were less likely after the start of the recent “Global Financial Crisis” (GFC). Auditing regulators and the business press had complained that auditors did not provide adequate warning in their reports prior to many companies filing for bankruptcy during the GFC. Accordingly, we examine auditors' GCO opinions for financially stressed clients that subsequently entered into bankruptcy during the period from 2004 to 2010. We find that, after controlling for other factors related to GCOs, the propensity of auditors to issue a GCO prior to bankruptcy significantly increased after the onset of the GFC. Additional tests reveal similar results when we separately examine clients of the Big 4 and non-Big 4 firms, suggesting both sized firms significantly increased the likelihood of issuing a GCO to a subsequently bankrupt client after the start of the GFC. Our results should be of interest to regulators, investors, audit firms, academics, and standard setters as they evaluate U.S. auditor performance during the GFC, and in contemplation of changes to auditing standards as a result of the GFC.