bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ict as a development factor in the tunisian olive oil sector
Authors:   Saida Elfkih,Domingo Fernández Uclés, Adoración Mozas Moral,Enrique Bernal Jurado,Miguel Jesús Medina Viruel
Published: October 2021

Olive oil is one of the main agricultural products of the countries that make up the Mediterranean basin. The low profitability of this sector of activity and the growing challenges of an increasingly turbulent market force the sector to search for more efficient organization. The aim of this paper is to determine the organisational and technological factors associated with the most economically efficient Tunisian olive-growing organisations. To this end, firstly the Data Envelopment Analysis method has been used to establish a hierarchy of the most efficient organizations. Secondly, the Qualitative Comparative Analysis method has been used, which allows us to establish the relationships of variables that explain the highest levels of economic efficiency. The results obtained show that the academic training of the top manager, training in information technology, the age of the organisation and the existence of plans and budget items for the adoption of information and communication technologies are variables that explain this greater efficiency.
Prospects for the development of traditional and unconventional energy in the Chechen Republic
Authors: Sardalov R. B. , Elmurzaev A. A. , Debiev M. V. , Khabatov A. V.
Published: October 2021

THE PURPOSE. To carry out an analysis of increasing the efficiency of energy development in the Chechen Republic. On the basis of the current structure of the power supply system of the Chechen Republic, provide indicators of the deficit of consumed electric power, as well as the generation of electricity in the republic. Consider the state of renewable energy sources in the republic and the prospects for the development of energy related to their implementation.

METHODS. The analysis of the development of traditional energy, which is given close attention, is carried out, based on the experience of other subjects of Russia and foreign countries. The question of the application of the methodology for the effective development of regional energy is considered.

RESULTS. A direction for the development of the energy sector of the Chechen Republic is proposed, which should inevitably be associated with thermal power plants using the most modern and efficient cycle today - steam-gas plants (CCGT), which is based on a gas turbine unit running on natural gas, being the only power plant that in the condensing mode of operation, it can supply electricity with an efficiency of more than 58%. The analysis of industrial power consumption of the largest operating and promising energy-intensive enterprises and facilities of the republic is carried out.

CONCLUSION. The introduction of gas turbine plants in the centers of thermal and electrical loads helps to increase the economic efficiency of power plants. It is proposed to carry out fundamental and applied research in the field of renewable energy.
Spectral analysis of gas dynamic processes in the inlet system of a piston engine with turbocharger
Authors: Plotnikov L. V. , Brodov Y. M. , Zhilkin B. P. , Shestakov D. S. , Osipov L. E.
Published: October 2021

THE PURPOSE. To carry out a comparative analysis of the spectra of gas-dynamic characteristics of flows in the intake systems of piston engines with and without turbocharging, to assess the degree of influence of the turbocharger on the flow structure in such systems, and also to propose a method for the gas-dynamic improvement of processes in the system under consideration.

METHODS. Due to the complexity of the object of research, an experimental approach was taken as a basis. The experiments were carried out on a single-cylinder piston engine model, which could be equipped with a turbocharger. A system for collecting and processing experimental data based on an analog-to-digital converter was used in the study. Data on changes in local values of velocity and static pressure of pulsating flows in the intake system during the engine's operating cycle were obtained using a constant temperature hot-wire anemometer and a fast-acting pressure sensor. Spectral analysis of functions of flow velocity and pressure versus time was carried out on the basis of the fast Fourier transform algorithm.

RESULTS. The article presents a comparative analysis of the spectra of the amplitudes of the velocity and pressure pulsations in the intake system of an engine with and without turbocharging. Also proposed is a method for stabilizing the pulsating flow in the intake system by installing a leveling grid in the outlet channel of the turbocharger compressor.

CONCLUSION. It is shown that the installation of a turbocharger leads to a significant change in the structure of gas flows in the intake system of the engine. It has been established that the presence of a leveling grid in the intake system of a turbocharged piston engine leads to a decrease in the low-frequency amplitudes of the flow velocity and pressure pulsations up to 30%. It is shown that the probability of failure-free operation of an automobile engine (cylinder diameter – 82 mm, piston stroke – 71 mm) increases by almost 1% when a leveling grille is used in the intake system.
Investigation of efficiency and quality of functioning of led lighting elements of electrical systems at the maximum permissible ambient temperature
Authors: Tukshaitov R. H. , Rozhencova N. V. , Denisova A. R.
Published: October 2021

Based on the results of the study of the elements of the electrical system, the operability and quality of their functioning are determined by the example of the use of LED filament lamps for lighting during their continuous operation at the maximum permissible ambient temperature equal to 50 °С.

THE PURPOSE. The relevance of this work is determined by the lack of information about the operability and quality of functioning of filament LED lamps during their continuous operation in conditions of elevated ambient temperature, taking place in boiler-turbine shops of thermal power plants, foundries of factories, bakeries of bakeries, in the tunnels of coal mines and divisions of other enterprises. It is established that the working life of the Gauss LED filament lamps with a power of 10 W, containing 4 filaments, is 70-75 days, and with 8 filaments only 22-24 days. Degradation of filament lamps with 8 filaments at the maximum permissible ambient temperature of 50 °С. occurs at a rate of 0.45-0.50 % per day. It is shown that a filament LED lamp with 4 filaments, if it is operated for 4.5 hours a day in conditions of elevated ambient temperature, can work for almost more than one year.

METHODS. The resource of filament and typical LED lamps of different power is considered in comparative terms when they are operated at a relatively high ambient temperature.

RESULTS. It is established that a 10 W filament LED lamp with 4 filaments has an energy resource, as well as a high-quality standard LED lamp. At the same time, the temperature of its body is no more than 40 °С, which is almost 2 times less. By increasing the distance between the filaments due to the use of a smaller number of filaments, it is possible to increase the power supply by 2 times and the corresponding luminous flux by 1.5 times.

CONCLUSION. In preliminary experiments with a filament lamp of the new design of the Diall model, it was found that the use of longer filaments (45 mm) in it, instead of the previously used ones (30 mm), allows to increase the quality of their functioning by about 4 times when they are operated under the same ambient temperature conditions.
Prof. Santelli, a Tireless Researcher and a Gold-Standard Professor in Analytical Chemistry, kindly spoke to BrJAC
Authors: Santelli Ricardo
Published: October 2021

Prof. Dr. Ricardo Erthal Santelli has a degree in Pharmacy from the Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, BR (1972), a master's degree in Inorganic Analytical Chemistry from the Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR (1978), a doctorate in Inorganic Analytical Chemistry from the same institution (1985), and a postdoctoral degree from the University of Córdoba, Spain (1988). He was a full professor of Environmental Geochemistry at the Federal Fluminense University from 1994 until 2010 when he retired. He is currently Full Professor at the Institute of Chemistry at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, BR. He works mainly with the development of spectrometric and chromatographic methods, continuous flow injection analysis, and speciation analysis. He develops research mainly on automation in analytical chemistry, environmental geochemistry, and analytical techniques applied to environmental problems. Prof. Santelli has more than 140 scientific articles published in international journals, with more than 5800 citations and an H-index of 32 in addition to several chapters in international books. He has supervised more than 30 master’s and 15 doctoral students. In the editorial field, Prof. Santelli is currently a member of the Editorial Board of the Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry.
Pull-Out Resistance of Sand-Geosynthetics Reinforcement
Authors:   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA, Ismail M. K. A. , Joohari M. I. ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA, Habulat A. ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA, Azizan F. A. ,   Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA
Published: October 2021

Geosynthetics are widely used in earth retaining structures such as steep slope and earth retaining wall. The stability of the earth retaining structures depends on the interaction between geosynthetics and soil at the reinforced area known as reinforcement mechanism. The reinforcement mechanism of the soil reinforced structure usually difficult to be analysed thoroughly. It is because the preliminary study on the pull-out resistance and durability of the reinforcement material is not taking into account before it has been used to the site location especially in Malaysian practises. Less supervision and the assessment after the installation of the reinforcement materials also contributed to the failure of the soil reinforcement. In this paper, the laboratory model was used to imply the real condition of the soil reinforced structure using pull-out test. A standard pull-out test was carried out by using geotextile and geogrid reinforcing elements embedded into silica sand of size D50=1.357 mm and D50=0.571 mm subjected to normal pressures of 100 kPa, 150 kPa and 200 kPa. Comparative result and analysis showed that the geotextile reinforcement give more resistance rather than geogrid reinforcement under high normal pressure.
CASE STUDIES AS A LEARNING METHOD: THE EXAMPLE OF TOURISM CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN JORDAN
Authors:   epartment of Sustainable Tourism, Hashemite University P.O. Box 330127 Postal Code 13115 Zarqa, Jordan, MUSTAFA Mairna H.
Published: October 2021

This paper aims at testing the significance of using case studies as a teaching method for the topic of “Tourism Crisis Management”. The case of Arab Spring influence on Jordanian Tourism was selected for this purpose. A sample of 42 students in a Tourism Management BA Program filled a questionnaire, it focused on measuring knowledge of students about the influence of Arab Spring crisis on both the image of Jordan as a tourism destination, and Jordanian tourism economic indicators, also evaluating the performance of tourism stakeholders in the time of crisis. By conducting a paired t-test for responses before and after presenting the case study to students by the instructor, significant statistical differences were found for most of the measured variables, which supports the importance of case studies in making students more aware of political crises’ effect on tourism levels, and how to reduce their influences and retrieve the positive image of destinations.
If, then, therefore? Neoplatonic Exegetical Logic between the Categorical and the Hypothetical
Authors: Martijn Marije
Published: October 2021

In late antiquity, logic developed into what Ebbesen calls the LAS, the Late Ancient Standard. This paper discusses the Neoplatonic use of LAS, as informed by epistemological and metaphysical concerns. It demonstrates this through an analysis of the late ancient debate about hypothetical and categorical logic as manifest in the practice of syllogizing Platonic dialogues. After an introduction of the Middle Platonist view on Platonic syllogistic as present in Alcinous, this paper presents an overview of its application in the syllogizing practice of Proclus and others. That overview shows that the two types were considered two sides of the same coin, to be used for the appropriate occasions, and both relying on the methods of dialectic as revealing the structure of knowledge and reality. Pragmatics, dialectic, and didactic choices determine which type or combination is selected in syllogizing Plato. So even though there is no specific Neoplatonic logic, there is a specific Neoplatonic use of LAS.
Tefsir Geleneğinin Gökle Yerin İtaati ve Tesbihi Yorumu Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: GÜLOĞLU Nazife Vildan
Published: October 2021

Fussilet sûresinin 11. âyetinde bahsedildiğine göre gök ve yere itaat emredilmiş, onlar da bu emri yerine getirdiklerini beyan etmişlerdir. İsrâ sûresinin 44. âyetinde ise yedi gök, yer ve buralarda bulunan herkesin yüce Allah’ı tesbih ettiği ifade edilmektedir. Âyetlerde işaret edilen ve akıllı oldukları anlaşılan bazı varlıkların, itaat ve tesbihlerini anlamakta bir problem yoktur. Ancak insan gibi mükellef olmayan varlıklar için söz konusu olan bu itaat ve tesbihi nasıl anlamak gerekir? Zira emanetin göklere, yere ve dağlara teklif edildiğinden bahseden Ahzâb sûresindeki 72. âyete göre zikri geçen varlıklar, emaneti yüklenmekten çekinmişler, onun sorumluluğundan korkmuşlar ve nihayetinde onu, insan yüklenmiştir. Buna rağmen ilgili âyetler, niçin gök ile yerin itaatinden ve de tesbihinden bahsetmektedir? Bu makalenin amacı, bu varlıkların itaatini ve tesbihini ifade eden âyetlerin tefsir geleneğinde nasıl yorumlandığını tespit etmektir. Literatürde gök ile yerin itaat ve tesbihini birlikte değerlendiren özel bir çalışmanın olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, farklı te’vil yöntemleri kullanan bazı müfessirlerin bu sahadaki yorumlarını karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Çalışmanın bu yönüyle literatüre katkı sağlayacağı umulmaktadır. Çalışmada, Fussilet sûresinin 11. âyeti ile İsrâ sûresinin 44. âyeti merkeze alınmıştır. Çalışma sırasında öncelikle ilgili âyetlerin yorumlarıyla ilgili bazı klasik tefsirler taranmıştır. Müfessirlerin söz konusu âyetler hakkındaki izahları gruplandırılmak suretiyle karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Buna göre âlimler, gök ve yerin itaati ile tesbihi hakkında mecaz ve hakikat olmak üzere iki tür anlayış sergilemişlerdir. Her iki âyetin, bağlam itibariyle birbirlerine yakın birer pozisyonda olmaları da dikkat çekicidir. İkisi de müşriklerin yüce Allah’a karşı itaatsizliklerini ve iftiralarını ifade eden tavır ve sözleri bağlamında, bütün varlıkların koşulsuz olarak yüce Allah’a itaat hâlinde olduğunu ve daima O’nu tesbih ettiklerini bildirme sadedinde gelmiştir.
gslc 1 matthew arisia 2301918464
Authors: 2301918464 MATTHEW ARISTIA -
Published: October 2021

Selama pandemi Covid-19, bisnis harus menghadapi persaingan yang ketat dan pertumbuhan yang lambat. Pandemi telah mempengaruhi semua industri di Indonesia, termasuk logistikindustri, khususnya organisasi pelabuhan. Gangguan di industri logistik telah mengakibatkan pengurangan kargo beban trailer dan kontainer. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena pembatasan transportasi karena perusahaan harus memaksakan jaminan kesehatan yang lebih besar. Akibatnya, itu terganggu rantai pasokan dan menyebabkan penurunan volume kontainer di beberapa wilayah. Seperti contohnya, Cikarang Dry Port merupakan perusahaan pengelola pelabuhan darat yang mulai beroperasi pada tahun 2010 dan telah ditetapkan sebagai Kawasan Pabean Terpadu dengan IDJBK kode. Kinerja atau perfoma dari perusahaan tersebut selama tahun 2019 disebabkan oleh kegiatan terminal pelabuhan darat, terdaftar volume 82.161 TEUs, turun sebesar 14% dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya. Penurunan ini disebabkan karena melemahnya impor ekspor domestik akibat tekanan perdagangan global akibat perang dagang antara Amerika Serikat dan Cina selama 2019. Komposisi volume ini masih utama didominasi oleh 85% barang asing dari 15%. Dan masuk 2020, karena pandemi, perusahaan Cikarang Dry Port menurun dari 63.112 TEU di tahun 2019 menjadi 44.847 TEU di tahun 2020, langsung berdampak pada pengurangan pendapatan.Dry Port Firm harus bisa meningkatkan kelincahan mereka dalam organisasi mereka untuk beradaptasi dan bertahan selama masa pandemi. Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi organisasi untuk meningkatkan kelincahan organisasi, seperti persaingan produk, kemajuan teknologi, dan keunggulan kompetitif. Kemajuan teknologi memaksa organisasi untuk mengadopsi praktik kelincahan perusahaan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas perusahaan. Kelincahan ada dalam organisasi melalui manusia, inovasi, dan teknologi.
Temporal response modelling uncovers electrophysiological correlates of trial-by-trial error-driven learning
Authors: Lentz Tomas Ostar , Nixon Jessie S. , van Rij Jacolien
Published: October 2021

Humans learn from statistical regularities in the environment. There has been increasing interest in recent decades regarding the mechanisms underlying such learning. We used Error-Driven Learning (EDL) to simulate participants’ trial-by-trial learning during exposure to a bimodal distribution of non-native lexical tones. This gave us estimates of the degree of expectation of upcoming stimuli over the course of the experiment. The expectation estimates were combined with Temporal Response Function fitting to generate a prediction of the trial-by-trial ERP waveform. The expectation estimates of certain EDL simulations were significantly more informative about the ERP signal than discrete stimulus conditions or overall stimulus probability. These results show that trial-by-trial changes in neural activity can be captured by EDL estimates of expectation. Hence, we tentatively conclude that learning of statistical regularities, as reflected in neural activity, involves continual updating of expectations depending on error-driven learning from cues in the environment.
Disentangling dynamic affect trajectories for distinct depression courses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lunansky Gabriela , Hoekstra Ria H. A. , Blanken Tessa
Published: October 2021

Background. Why does adversity lead to mental health complaints in some, but not others? Individual differences in the development of depressive complaints are related to the regulation of affect states. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a prolonged period of perturbations to the daily lives of people across the globe, providing an unparalleled opportunity to investigate how fluctuations in positive and negative affect relate to the evolution of mood complaints.Methods. 228 participants from the Boston College daily sleep and well-being survey completed at least 20 assessments of positive and negative affect and depression complaints between March 20th 2020 and June 26th 2020. We explored affect trajectories throughout this period and estimated longitudinal multilevel network models. Furthermore, we investigated how individual network structures relate to changes in depression severity over time.Results. On average, positive affect was reported somewhat higher than negative affect. However, when separating affect trajectories based on the individuals’ depressive complaints, we identified that individuals consistently experiencing depressive complaints report higher levels of negative affect compared with positive affect. Contrary, individuals consistently reporting no depressive complaints show opposite results. Furthermore, we found many and strong associations in the multilevel network between the distinct affect states and depressive complaints. Lastly, we established that the higher the connectivity of an individual’s network, the larger their change in depressive complaints is.Conclusions. We conclude that affect fluctuations are directly related to the development of depressive complaints, both within- and across individuals, and both within a single measurement moment and over time.
Burden And Coping Behaviour Among the Family Caregivers of the People With Mental Illness
Authors: Kafle B. , Bagale Y.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Caring for a person with mental disorder is a challenge for the caregivers. Little is known about the ways in which families cope while caring for a relative with mental illness in developing countries. This study has tried investigating the family burden and coping behaviour among the family caregivers of the people with mental illness.

Material And Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Devdaha Medical College during the period of July 2019-December 2019. The research was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Institutional Review Board of Devdaha Medical College. The protocol approval number is 028/2019. Convenient sampling method was used. Data analysis was done in SPSS (Version 23, SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). Results were presented as frequencies and percentages where required.

Results: Moderate Burden was experienced by 72% of the caregivers while the rest 28% experienced severe burden. People whose spouses were mentally ill had severe burden. Males coped with higher degree of problem and emotional focused coping strategy than females. Males felt more burden in comparison to the females and burden was found to be significantly higher among the caregivers who were taking care of their mentally ill spouses.

Conclusion: Caregiving is physically and psychologically demanding as it requires an enormous physical and emotional commitment as well as some basic skills. Teaching skills in the form of problem solving and communication are needed to promote the coping abilities and lessen the burden of caregivers.
АНАЛИЗ МОДЕЛЕЙ КООПЕРАТИВНОГО СВЯЗЫВАНИЯ КИСЛОРОДА ГЕМОГЛОБИНОМ
Authors:   Воронежский государственный университет, Лавриненко И.А. , Вашанов Г.А. ,   Воронежский государственный университет, Сулин В.Ю. ,   Воронежский государственный университет, Нечипуренко Ю.Д. ,   Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта РАН
Published: October 2021

Дан обзор наиболее известных моделей, описывающих связывание гемоглобина с кислородом. Предложен подход, позволяющий на основе формальных критериев находить оптимальные математические и физические модели кооперативного связывания кислорода гемоглобином. При помощи методов регрессионного и кластерного анализа на основе экспериментальных данных диссоциации оксигемоглобина проведено сравнение основных моделей оксигенации, несущих в своей основе степенную и экспоненциальную зависимости. Показано, что модели Эдера, Бернарда и Хилла, соответствующие степенным функциям, обладают преимуществом в описании связывания олигомерным белком лиганда по сравнению с моделями, соответствующими экспоненциальным функциям. Установлено, что последовательная четырехступенчатая модель Кошланда-Немети-Филмера, которая соответствует уравнению Эдера, наилучшим образом позволяет описать экспериментальные данные.
НАНОВИБРАЦИИ КАНТИЛЕВЕРА АТОМНО-СИЛОВОГО МИКРОСКОПА КАК СИСТЕМА ДЕТЕКЦИИ АНТИБИОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТИ БАКТЕРИЙ В РЕЖИМЕ РЕАЛЬНОГО ВРЕМЕНИ
Authors:   Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского, Плескова С.Н. ,   Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева, Фомичев О.И. ,   Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского, Крюков Р.Н. ,   Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского, Судакова И.С. ,   Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева
Published: October 2021

Атомно-силовая микроскопия была использована для детекции нановибраций кантилевера, возникающих в результате метаболической активности Escherichia coli. Показано, что использование поли-L-лизина эффективно для закрепления бактерий на кантилевере с сохранением их метаболической активности. Варианса амплитуды колебаний кантилевера статистически значимо отличается между контролем (кантилевер, функционализированный поли-L-лизином) и опытом (кантилевер с фиксированными на нем бактериями). Продемонстрировано, что использование атомно-силовой микроскопии дает возможность определять антибиотикорезистентность штамма в течение часа, в отличие от методов, используемых в клинической практике и предоставляющих ответ об антибиотикорезистентности за несколько суток.
РАННЕЕ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ УРОЖАЙНОСТИ ЗЕРНОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР НА ОСНОВЕ СПУТНИКОВЫХ ДАННЫХ DOVE (PLANETSCOPE)
Authors:   Институт биофизики СО РАН, Шевырногов А.П. , Емельянов Д.В. ,   Институт биофизики СО РАН, Мальчиков Н.О. ,   Институт биофизики СО РАН, Демьяненко Т.Н. ,   Красноярский государственный аграрный университет, Ивченко В.К. ,   Красноярский государственный аграрный университет, Ботвич И.Ю. ,   Институт биофизики СО РАН
Published: October 2021

Представлены результаты раннего прогнозирования урожайности яровой пшеницы на основе данных Dove (PlanetScope) компании Planet Labs с пространственным разрешением 3 м. Выполнено прогнозирование урожайности яровой пшеницы в начале июля в фазу колошения - начало цветения на основании линейной регрессионной модели, в качестве параметров использованы значения интеграла под кривой NDVI в разные периоды времени. Установлен вид множественной линейной модели для прогноза урожайности яровой пшеницы при восьми переменных (коэффициент детерминации - 0.86; среднеквадратичная ошибка прогноза - 3.77). Построена карта урожайности яровой пшеницы по спутниковым данным PlanetScope с пространственным разрешением 3 м. Полученная карта позволила выявить неоднородность уровня урожайности в пределах опытного поля. Проведенные исследования показали хорошую связь между интегралом NDVI и фактической урожайностью, полученной в конце вегетационного периода. Следовательно, промежуточные результаты внутрисезонных измерений могут быть использованы для коррекции дозы внесения удобрений.
СЕЗОННЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ЖИРНЫХ КИСЛОТ В МИОКАРДЕ И M. LONGISSIMUS DORSI ДЛИННОХВОСТОГО СУСЛИКАUROCITELLUS UNDULATUS
Authors:   Институт биофизики клетки РАН - обособленное подразделение ФИЦ «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН», Кулагина Т.П. , Попова С.С. ,   Институт теоретической и экспериментальной биофизики РАН, Ариповский А.В. ,   Научно-производственная компания «А-БИО»
Published: October 2021

Определены изменения сезонного содержания жирных кислот в миокарде и скелетной мышце (m. longissinmus dorsi) у летних, осенних активных, зимних спящих и зимних активных якутских сусликов Urocitellus undulatus. В сердечной мышце зимних спящих животных обнаружено снижение количества докозагексаеновой кислоты при возрастании количества α-линоленовой, а также снижение количества дигомо-гамма-линоленовой кислоты по отношению к осенним активным животным. Суммарное количество полиненасыщенных жирных кислот снижалось у зимних спящих и зимних активных сусликов по отношению к летним и осенним активным животным. В скелетной мышце зимних спящих и зимних активных животных наблюдалось снижение количества пальмитиновой кислоты по отношению к летним и осенним активным сусликам. При этом у зимних спящих сусликов увеличивалось количество пальмитолеиновой кислоты по отношению к летним и осенним животным. Количество дигомо-гамма-линоленовой кислоты снижалось у зимних спящих животных по отношению к осенним активным сусликам. В скелетной мышце осенних активных, зимних спящих и зимних активных сусликов возрастало количество стеариновой кислоты по сравнению с летними животными. В эти сезоны наблюдалось увеличение суммарного количества насыщенных жирных кислот по отношению к летнему периоду. Обсуждается возможная роль сезонных изменений жирнокислотного состава в поперечнополосатых мышцах длиннохвостого суслика.
From Non-Clausal to Clausal MinSAT
Authors: Li Chu-Min , Manyà Felip , Soler Joan Ramon , Vidal Amanda
Published: October 2021

We tackle the problem of solving MinSAT for multisets of propositional formulas that are not necessarily in clausal form. Our approach reduces non-clausal to clausal MinSAT, since this allows us to rely on the much developed clause-based MinSAT solvers. The main contribution of this paper is the definition of several transformations of multisets of propositional formulas into multisets of clauses so that the maximum number of unsatisfied clauses in both multisets is preserved.
A Cognitively-Inspired Model for Making Sense of Hasse Diagrams
Authors: Bourou Dimitra , Schorlemmer Marco , Plaza Enric
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we present a model of the sense-making process for diagrams, and describe it for the case of Hasse diagrams. Sense-making is modeled as the construction of networks of conceptual blends among image schemas and the diagram’s geometric configuration. As a case study, we specify four image schemas and the geometric configuration of a Hasse diagram, with typed FOL theories. In addition, for the diagram geometry, we utilise Qualitative Spatial Reasoning formalisms. Using an algebraic specification language, we can compute conceptual blends as category-theoretic colimits. Our model approaches sense-making as a process where the image schemas and the diagram geometry both structure each other through a complex network of conceptual blends. This yields a final blend in which the sort of inferences we confer to diagrammatic representations emerge. We argue that this approach to sense-making in diagrams is more cognitively apt than the mainstream view of a diagram being a syntactic representation of some underlying logical semantics. Moreover, our model could be applied to various types of stimuli and is thus valuable for the general field of AI.
We Are Not the Same Either Playing: A Proposal for Adaptive Gamification
Authors: Rodríguez Inmaculada , Puig Anna , Rodríguez Alex
Published: October 2021

Gamification consists in applying game mechanics in non-game contexts aiming at motivating and shaping behaviours. This paper proposes an adaptive approach for gamification, which takes as initial information players profiles – gathered from Hexad player type questionnaire – and considers also how these profiles change over time based on users interactions. Then, we provide the users with a personalised experience through the use of game elements that correspond to their dynamic playing profile. We present a preliminary evaluation of the approach by means of a simulator that yields promising results when comparing it with baseline configurations, i.e randomized and fixed player profile.
Grouped Pointwise Convolutions Significantly Reduces Parameters in EfficientNet
Authors: Schwarz Schuler Joao Paulo , Romani Santiago , Abdel-Nasser Mohamed , Rashwan Hatem , Puig Domenec
Published: October 2021

EfficientNet is a recent Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) architecture intended to be proportionally extendible in depth, width and resolution. Through its variants, it can achieve state of the art accuracy on the ImageNet classification task as well as on other classical challenges. Although its name refers to its efficiency with respect to the ratio between outcome (accuracy) and needed resources (number of parameters, flops), we are studying a method to reduce the original number of trainable parameters by more than 84% while keeping a very similar degree of accuracy. Our proposal is to improve the pointwise (1x1) convolutions, whose number of parameters rapidly grows due to the multiplication of the number of filters by the number of input channels that come from the previous layer. Basically, our tweak consists in grouping filters into parallel branches, where each branch processes a fraction of the input channels. However, by doing so, the learning capability of the DCNN is degraded. To avoid this effect, we suggest interleaving the output of filters from different branches at intermediate layers of consecutive pointwise convolutions. Our experiments with the CIFAR-10 dataset show that our optimized EfficientNet has similar learning capacity to the original layout when training from scratch.
Deep Causal Graphs for Causal Inference, Black-Box Explainability and Fairness
Authors: Parafita Álvaro , Vitrià Jordi
Published: October 2021

Causal Estimation is usually tackled as a two-step process: identification, to transform a causal query into a statistical estimand, and modelling, to compute this estimand by using data. This reliance on the derived statistical estimand makes these methods ad hoc, used to answer one and only one query. We present an alternative framework called Deep Causal Graphs: with a single model, it answers any identifiable causal query without compromising on performance, thanks to the use of Normalizing Causal Flows, and outputs complex counterfactual distributions instead of single-point estimations of their expected value. We conclude with applications of the framework to Machine Learning Explainability and Fairness.
Contextualized LORE for Fuzzy Attributes
Authors: Maaroof Najlaa , Moreno Antonio , Jabreel Mohammed , Valls Aida
Published: October 2021

Despite the broad adoption of Machine Learning models in many domains, they remain mostly black boxes. There is a pressing need to ensure Machine Learning models that are interpretable, so that designers and users can understand the reasons behind their predictions. In this work, we propose a new method called C-LORE-F to explain the decisions of fuzzy-based black box models. This new method uses some contextual information about the attributes as well as the knowledge of the fuzzy sets associated to the linguistic labels of the fuzzy attributes to provide actionable explanations. The experimental results on three datasets reveal the effectiveness of C-LORE-F when compared with the most relevant related works.
On the Rationality of Explanations in Classification Algorithms
Authors: Falomir Zoe , Costa Vicent
Published: October 2021

This paper is a first step towards studying the rationality of explanations produced by up-to-date AI systems. Based on the thesis that designing rational explanations for accomplishing trustworthy AI is fundamental for ethics in AI, we study the rationality criteria that explanations in classification algorithms have to meet. In this way, we identify, define, and exemplify characteristic criteria of rational explanations in classification algorithms.
Applying and Verifying an Explainability Method Based on Policy Graphs in the Context of Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Climent Antoni , Gnatyshak Dmitry , Alvarez-Napagao Sergio
Published: October 2021

The advancement on explainability techniques is quite relevant in the field of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and its applications can be beneficial for the development of intelligent agents that are understandable by humans and are able cooperate with them. When dealing with Deep RL some approaches already exist in the literature, but a common problem is that it can be tricky to define whether the explanations generated for an agent really reflect the behaviour of the trained agent. In this work we will apply an approach for explainability based on the creation of a Policy Graph (PG) that represents the agent’s behaviour. Our main contribution is a way to measure the similarity between the explanations and the agent’s behaviour, by building another agent that follows a policy based on the explainability method and comparing the behaviour of both agents.
DIFFICULTIES IN BUILDING THE AUDITORY AND PRONUNCIATION SKILLS IN CHINESE STUDENTS WHILE TEACHING RUSSIAN
Authors:   Baikal State University, Skobelkina N. M. , Na W. ,   Baikal State University
Published: October 2021

The introduction. The paper deals with a problem of Russian speech sound acquisition by Chinese students, examines the bilateral nature of this problem (sound perception and sound pronunciation), and identifies typical difficulties of the Chinese audience. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the results of an empirical study aimed at identifying the most frequent difficulties encountered by Chinese students learning the Russian Language when mastering auditory and pronunciation skills. The study relies on the methods of experimental research, statistical data processing, and comparative analysis. Results. The findings show the correlation between the two types of mistakes (in perception and pronunciation of Russian sounds) made by Chinese students. This correlation made it possible to obtain the data on the extent to which the processes of sound unit perception and generation are interconnected and interdependent. The experimental study has identified the most typical difficulties of Chinese students and considered their causes. Conclusion. The study has shown that the number of sound perception mistakes significantly exceeds that of sound pronunciation ones. Therefore, focused work is required to develop auditory skills. Both types of mistakes result from the differences in sound systems of the Russian and Chinese languages, which should be fully taken into account when building audial and pronunciation skills of Chinese students. Keywords: the audial and pronunciation skills, sound system, differentiation of sounds, methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language.
COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF FREESTYLE WRESTLERS USING COMPUTER-AIDED PULSE DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM (TIBETAN MEDICINE IN SPORTS)
Authors:   Banzarov Buryat State University, Pavlov A. E. , Dagbaev B. V. ,   Banzarov Buryat State University, Starkova I. I. ,   Banzarov Buryat State University
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The study aimed to theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the effectiveness of registering peripheral pulse of freestyle wrestlers, student members of the Russian national team, using the computer-aided pulse diagnosis system. Materials and methods: The paper presents for the first time the results of experimental studies into the heart rate variability with respect to pulse wave during exercise tests using spectral methods, as well as the effect of physical activity on twelve internal organs of an athlete. Research results: The findings indicate the most characteristic deviations in the athlete organism, including a decrease in the function of the digestive organs, and cardiovascular and respiratory systems, due to physical activity. The study provides recommendations to athletes for consultation with specialists. Conclusion: This method can be considered promising for the creation of tools for self-control of the psychophysical state of athletes. Keywords: physical activity, spectral analysis, pulse wave, functional test
INDIVIDUAL STYLE OF SELF-REGULATION AS A FACTOR OF OVERCOMING ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR DURING UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF EDUCATION
Authors:   Institute of Education Development of Irkutsk Region, Babintseva L. N.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. This paper focuses on individual self-regulation style and its significance in overcoming inclination to antisocial behavior in psychology students of different education levels. Research methods. The study of the issues relied on a test to diagnose communicative social competence; methods of mathematical and statistical processing (the Mann-Whitney U-test to identify differences between samples from course to course; correlation analysis to identify multi-level statistically significant relationships). Results of the study. In the course of training, the normativity of behavior in psychology students varies. However, there are similarities and differences in the change of propensity to antisocial behavior, depending on the education level. The study reveals possible correlations between the tendency to antisocial behavior and various components of the individual style of self-regulation. Conclusion. One of the factors of overcoming the inclination to antisocial behavior in psychology students of different educational levels is a high level of self-regulation and its components (modeling and programming of their activities, evaluating themselves, and their activity results). Additional factors for Specialist’s degree students majoring in psychology are planning and regulatory flexibility. Keywords: self-regulation, individual style of self-regulation, asocial behavior, factors of overcoming asocial behavior
Diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis during active reproductive age
Authors:   Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Chebotareva Yu.Yu.
Published: October 2021

Aim: to assess the efficacy and safety of vaginal capsules containing metronidazole 100 mg and myconazole nitrate 100 mg in women with bacterial vaginosis (including recurrent vaginosis). Patients and Methods: 62 women were enrolled. Group 1 included 32 women with firstly diagnosed bacterial vaginosis. Group 2 included 30 women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Vaginal capsules containing 100 mg of metronidazole and 100 mg of miconazole nitrate (Gynocaps) or Gynocaps plus peroral metronidazole 250 mg twice daily (combined therapy) were prescribed. Group 1 and group 2 were divided into subgroups, i.e., 1A (n=20) and 1B (n=12), 2A (n=18) and 2B (n=12), based on treatment (monotherapy or combined therapy, respectively). Treatment efficacy was assessed 1 month and 12 months after completing treatment. Results: the major symptom in both groups was off-white vaginal discharge. Diffuse vulvar redness was more common in group 1 while petechiae were more common in group 2 (p<0.05). Lactobacillus spp. counts were reduced in all women, mixed infections were predominant. In group 2, significantly higher counts of anaerobic and yeast flora compared to group 1 were reported (p<0.05). In group 1, no significant differences in the improvement of clinical signs after both treatment regimens were reported. Meanwhile, in group 2, clinical signs improved more rapidly after combined treatment. However, combined treatment was associated with adverse effects. A reduction in the total bacterial mass and logarithmic growth of anaerobic microflora was observed irrespective of the treatment regimen. No recurrences of bacterial vaginosis were reported. Conclusions: a 10-day treatment course of combined vaginal capsules containing metronidazole 100 mg and miconazole nitrate 100 mg improves clinical signs, eliminates complaints, and improves vaginal microflora owing to Lactobacillus growth without adverse reactions. In recurrent vaginosis, this agent should be used in combination with antibiotics. KEYWORDS: bacterial vaginosis, active reproductive age, metronidazole, miconazole nitrate, Lactobacillus. FOR CITATION: Chebotareva Yu.Yu. Diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis during active reproductive age. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(3):218–224 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-3-218-224.
Chronic endometritis. Towards the improvement of diagnostic methods
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shamilova A.M. , Il’ina I.Yu. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Borovkova E.I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dobrokhotova Yu.E. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

This paper reviews an important issue that significantly affects female fertility, chronic endometritis. This condition is characterized by clinical presentations of various severity and abnormalities of endometrial morphology. The rate of chronic endometritis varies greatly, mainly due to predominantly asymptomatic course and imperfect diagnostics. Pathogenic mechanisms of endometrial inflammation and different views on its effects on female reproductive potential are addressed. Further search for endometrial receptivity markers is needed as these markers will allow for assessing the severity of endometrial damage to develop the algorithm of preconception care. The authors focus on diagnostic techniques for chronic endometritis and their value. Immunohistochemistry of endometrium is a promising tool to be applied to diagnose endometrial inflammation and monitor treatment efficacy. A complex diagnostic approach to chronic endometritis that includes pelvic ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, assessment of endometrial microbiota, diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial histopathology, and evaluation of endometrial receptivity is useful. KEYWORDS: chronic endometritis, termination of pregnancy, infertility, autoimmune processes, chronic inflammation, endometrial structure, immunohistochemistry. FOR CITATION: Shamilova A.M., Il’ina I.Yu., Borovkova E.I., Dobrokhotova Yu.E. Chronic endometritis. Towards the improvement of diagnostic methods. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(3):243–249 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-3-243-249.
Clinical pattern of antibiotic-associated syndrome in children receiving different antibacterial therapy
Authors:   Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, Golden L.B. , Ploskireva A.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kanner E.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kanner I.D. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Aim: to describe the clinical pattern of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and extraintestinal manifestations of antibiotic-associated syndrome (AAS) in children receiving different antibacterial therapy. Patients and Methods: this prospective clinical observational study was conducted in 2017–2019. The study included 231 children aged three months to 13 years admitted for community-acquired pneumonia and received antibacterial treatment. Clinical presentations of AAS (diarrhea, vomiting, dyspepsia, stomatitis) and extraintestinal presentations of AAS were evaluated in all children within a month after antibacterial treatment. In addition, clinical presentations of AAS were compared in children who received β-lactam antibiotics or macrolides. Results: AAS symptoms were diagnosed in 64.5% of children, while diarrhea was observed in 25%. In patients who received β-lactam antibiotics, the most common gastrointestinal (GI) signs were diarrhea, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, and constipation. In children who received ampicillin, the rate of GI signs was lower. In total, GI signs in AAS were less common in children who received macrolides compared to children who received β-lactam antibiotics. Minimal symptoms were associated with clarithromycin. Conclusion: AAS is one of the clinical manifestations of adverse effects of antibacterials on the human organism, including AAD and extraintestinal symptoms. The highest safety profile characterizes clarithromycin in terms of AAS. KEYWORDS: antibiotic-associated diarrhea, antibiotic-associated syndrome, adverse drug reactions, antibacterial treatment, macrolides, adverse effects, antibiotic-associated colitis. FOR CITATION: Golden L.B., Ploskireva A.A., Kanner E.V., Kanner I.D. Clinical pattern of antibiotic-associated syndrome in children receiving different antibacterial therapy. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(3):260–267 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618- 8430-2021-4-3-260-267.