bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF COMPOST DOSES ON SOIL RESILIENCE IN PALU VALLEY
Authors: Widjajanto Danang , Hasanah Uswah , Wahyudi Imam , Sukmawati St , Sufyan Sufyan
Published: January 2021

Applying organic matter to the soil surface is an effective effort to increase soil resilience in the Palu valley, which is classified as low. This study aimed to determine: 1) the effect of several doses of compost on the physico-chemical properties of the soil, 2) the correlation between the percentage of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the soil to several physico-chemical properties of the soil. The research was based on a randomized block design in a greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. Compost uses raw materials for plantain stems (Musa textilia) and leaves of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium). The compost doses used in the experiment consisted of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of the weight of air-dry soil, respectively. The treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that compost application significantly affected soil content weight, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity moisture content, percentage of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity. The correlation test results showed a powerful relationship between the percentage of organic carbon or total soil nitrogen to other soil physico-chemical properties observed in the experiment.
Strategies for boards of directors to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Grove Hugh , Clouse Maclyn , Xu Tracy
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused escalating levels of business, economic, and societal uncertainty and created extensive disruptions in the global market. The major research question of this study is how boards of directors can manage uncertainty in the post-COVID environment, especially in their duties as gatekeepers for both their own shareholders and all the stakeholders, including employees, customers, creditors, and suppliers. It is critical for boards to develop practices to help their companies manage uncertainty in the COVID and post-COVID times, as shown by the following topics discussed and analyzed in this paper: managing uncertainty with visibility, control, and agility practices; risk strategies for non-executive directors; global risk concerns; disruptive risks and opportunities from emerging technologies; boardroom risk advice; and boardroom risk questions. All these issues and areas of concern are relevant, even critical, to help boards develop sound practices for managing post-COVID uncertainty, to help their companies survive, and to strengthen corporate governance. Future research could use case studies and interviews of company boards to investigate how they have developed risk strategies and procedures to manage uncertainty as lessons learned from the 2020 COVID pandemic, which was a coronavirus “black swan” (a surprise event with major effects).
Periodic table from the Baruton perspective: Some anomalies and spin correlation effect
Authors: Bayri Ali , bulut fatih , Altin Serdar
Published: January 2021

In this study, we have looked the periodic table from the Barut’s point
of view and discussed the deviations from the Madelung rule. Expected,
observed and computed total energies (Hartree-Fock and Gaussian) are
given for two different (one for expected and the other one is observed)
configurations of the Cr atom. The data shows that preferred electronic
configuration for the Cr is 4s13d5 not 4s23d4 as dictated by the
Madelung rule. This event may be due to the spin correlation effect
which is closely related to the Hund’s rule.
The impact of age on propofol requirement for inducing loss of consciousness in elderly surgical patients
Authors: Yang Hua , Deng Hui-Min , Ji Jun-Wei , Lv Xin , Song Jin-Chao
Published: January 2021

Aims: It is generally accepted that geriatric patients are more
sensitive to propofol than adults; thus, a dose-adjusted propofol is
recommended for these patients during the induction of anesthesia.
However, for patients aged 75 years and over, established guidelines do
not provide dose references for the anesthesiologists. To this end, we
observed 80 surgical patients (female 39, male 41, American Society of
Anesthesiologists physical status score Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ) to access
the appropriate dose of propofol for inducing loss of consciousness
(LOC). Methods: Patients were subdivided into group A (20 patients,
45~64 yr), group B (20 patients, 65~74
yr), group C (20 patients, 75~84 yr), and group D (20
patients, ≥ 85 yr). All patients received propofol (at a rate of 0.3
mg/kg/min) alone for inducing LOC, which was defined by loss of both
eyelash reflex and verbal response. Results: Compared with group A, the
propofol requirement for LOC in Group B, C and D decreased by 14.8%,
25.2% and 38.5%, respectively. Bivariate linear correlation analysis
showed that propofol requirement was negatively correlated with age.
After adjusting for potential confounders, age was still an independent
factor affecting propofol requirement. Conclusion: The propofol
requirement for inducing LOC decreased significantly in elderly
patients. We demonstrated that age was an independent factor impacting
propofol requirement for LOC during the induction of general anesthesia,
implying that the propofol dose for anesthesia induction should be
further reduced in elderly surgical patients, especially those aged 75
years and over.
Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Quercetin: A Prospective, Single - Centre, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Onal Hasan , Arslan Bengu , Ergun Nurcan Ucuncu , Topuz Seyma , Semerci Seda Yilmaz , Kurnaz Mehmet , Bolu Yulet , Bozkurt Mehmet , Suner Nurettin , Kocatas Ali
Published: January 2021

Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of quercetin in
COVID-19 treatment. Methods This was a single-centre, prospective
randomised controlled cohort study. Routine care versus QCB (quercetin,
vitamin C, bromelain) supplementation was compared between 447 patients
with at least one chronic disease and moderate-to-severe respiratory
symptoms. Demographic features, signs, laboratory results and drug
administration data of patients were recorded. The endpoint was that QCB
supplementation was continued throughout the follow-up period from study
baseline to discharge, intubation, or death. Results The most common
complaints at presentation were fatigue (62.4%), cough (61.1%),
anorexia (57%), thirst (53.7%), respiratory distress (51%) and chills
(48.3%). The decrease in CRP, procalcitonin and ferritin levels was
higher in the QCB group (all Ps were <0.05). In the QCB group,
an increase in platelet and lymphocyte counts were higher (all Ps were
<0.05). QCB did not reduce the risk of events during
follow-up. Adjustments for statistically significant parameters,
including the lung stage, use of favipiravir and presence of comorbidity
did not change the results. While there was no difference between the
groups in terms of event frequency, QCB group had more advanced
pulmonary findings. QCB supplement is shown to have a positive effect on
laboratory recovery. Conclusion We suggest that suboptimal
bioavailability of QCB may explain this. So, we conclude that if a
stable blood level can be achieved for QCB, it may make a difference in
the treatment of COVID-19.
Continuous Versus Intermittent Intravenous Sildenafil in Critically Ill Infants with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Sharma Chetan , Burns Joseph , Kulkarni Aparna , Cerise Jane , Berganza Fernando Molina , Hayes Denise A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract Continuous intravenous (IV) sildenafil may avoid the acute
systemic vasodilatory effects of bolus dosing in infants with pulmonary
hypertension (PH). We aimed to examine the tolerability of different
methods of IV sildenafil administration. Methods: We retrospectively
evaluated subjects less than 12 months old with PH, who had been started
on IV sildenafil. Vital signs, oxygen requirement, and
vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) before and after sildenafil initiation
were noted, as was the need for discontinuation due to side effects.
Results: Forty-three subjects were identified (23 continuous, 20
intermittent dosing). There were no statistically significant
differences between groups in gender or gestational age, but higher
baseline inspired oxygen (FiO2) and VIS in the continuous group
suggested a higher baseline severity of illness (p=0.012). After
sildenafil initiation, there were no significant differences in the
change in blood pressure, oxygen saturation, FiO2, or VIS between
groups, and no difference in the number of subjects requiring
discontinuation due to side effects (4 in the continuous group, 1
intermittent, p=0.35). Eight subjects (34.8%) in the continuous group
and 3 (15%) in the intermittent group died (p=0.024). Conclusions: In
this small cohort of infants with PH treated with continuous or
intermittent IV sildenafil, there were no statistically significant
differences between groups in the change in vital signs, VIS, and oxygen
requirement, or the need for discontinuation of therapy due to side
effects. A higher mortality rate in the continuous infusion group may be
explained by higher baseline illness severity.
One-step purification and freeze stability of papain at acidic pH values
Authors: Markovic Srdjan , Milosevic Jelica , Djuric Milica , Lolic Aleksandar , Polovic Natalija
Published: January 2021

Papain is a proteolytic enzyme of great commercial value. It is a cysteine protease highly expressed in Carica papaya fruit latex, but also present in papaya leaves. Purification procedures mostly deal with the latex and include a combination of precipitation and/or chromatographic techniques. Due to its solubility, structure and activity characteristics, the pH and salt content play significant roles in handling papain extracts. Here we report a simple, rapid and easily scalable procedure for papain purification from papaya leaves, which contain different contaminants as compared to papaya latex. Sodium chloride precipitation of contaminants at pH 5 followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation resulted in the removal of other leaf proteins and protein fragments from papain solution and about a 3-fold purification. The procedure also benefits from the suppression of autoproteolysis and preservation of the native structure, as confirmed by FTIR analysis, and the high recovery of activity of over 80%.
Vladimir R. Djordjevic’s contribution to the transcription of vocal practices
Authors: Rankovic Sanja
Published: January 2021

Serbian musicians who were collecting different forms of traditional music at
the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century were unable to
make audio recordings of the collected material. This conditioned the need
to transcribe folk melodies ?by ear? during the very process of interviewing
their interlocutors or later ? from memory. Methodology of transformation of
sound into an adequate graphic transcription was especially promoted by
Vladimir Djordjevic who, in comparison to his predecessors, introduced
numerous novelties. This article discusses his approach to the transcription
of vocal practices as applied in two large collections: Serbian Folk
Melodies (Southern Serbia) and Serbian Folk Melodies (Pre-war Serbia). The
fundaments of his work are observed through the analysis of the manner in
which Djordjevic transcribed meta-data, as well as from poetic and music
texts.
Vladimir R. Djordjevic in the National Library of Serbia
Authors: Prelic Velibor
Published: January 2021

This article deals with the collection of documents belonging to Vladimir R.
Djordjevic, which are kept at the National Library of Serbia. These documents
are divided in two separate personal funds ? Vladimir?s letters to his
brother Tihomir are preserved in the Legacy of Tihomir R. Djordjevic, while
photographs and letters addressed to Vladimir Djordjevic are in the Legacy of
his nieces Ljubica and Danica S. Jankovic. This material can be a very
useful source for research of Djordjevic?s life and work.
Dynamic Uni- and Multicellular Patterns Encode Biphasic Activity in Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Jaffredo Manon , Bertin Eléonore , Pirog Antoine , Puginier Emilie , Gaitan Julien , Oucherif Sandra , Lebreton Fanny , Bosco Domenico , Catargi Bogdan , Cattaert Daniel , Renaud Sylvie , Lang Jochen , Raoux Matthieu
Published: January 2021

Biphasic secretion is an autonomous feature of many endocrine micro-organs to fulfill physiological demands. The biphasic activity of islet β-cells maintains glucose homeostasis and is altered in type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, underlying cellular or multicellular functional organizations are only partially understood. High-resolution noninvasive multielectrode array recordings permit simultaneous analysis of recruitment, of single-cell, and of coupling activity within entire islets in long-time experiments. Using this unbiased approach, we addressed the organizational modes of both first and second phase in mouse and human islets under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Our data provide a new uni- and multicellular model of islet β-cell activation: during the first phase, small but highly active β-cell clusters are dominant, whereas during the second phase, electrical coupling generates large functional clusters via multicellular slow potentials to favor an economic sustained activity. Postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 favor coupling only in the second phase, whereas aging and glucotoxicity alter coupled activity in both phases. In summary, biphasic activity is encoded upstream of vesicle pools at the micro-organ level by multicellular electrical signals and their dynamic synchronization between β-cells. The profound alteration of the electrical organization of islets in pathophysiological conditions may contribute to functional deficits in type 2 diabetes.
Soluble Antigen Arrays Efficiently Deliver Peptides and Arrest Spontaneous Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Firdessa-Fite Rebuma , Johnson Stephanie N. , Leon Martin A. , Khosravi-Maharlooei Mohsen , Baker Rocky L. , Sestak Joshua O. , Berkland Cory , Creusot Remi J.
Published: January 2021

Antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) offers a targeted treatment of autoimmune diseases that selectively inhibits autoreactive lymphocytes, but there remains an unmet need for approaches that address the limited clinical efficacy of ASIT. Soluble antigen arrays (SAgAs) deliver antigenic peptides or proteins in multivalent form, attached to a hyaluronic acid backbone using either hydrolysable linkers (hSAgAs) or stable click chemistry linkers (cSAgAs). They were evaluated for the ability to block spontaneous development of disease in a nonobese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Two peptides, a hybrid insulin peptide and a mimotope, efficiently prevented the onset of T1D when delivered in combination as SAgAs, but not individually. Relative to free peptides administered at equimolar dose, SAgAs (particularly cSAgAs) enabled a more effective engagement of antigen-specific T cells with greater persistence and induction of tolerance markers, such as CD73, interleukin-10, programmed death-1, and KLRG-1. Anaphylaxis caused by free peptides was attenuated using hSAgA and obviated using cSAgA platforms. Despite similarities, the two peptides elicited largely nonoverlapping and possibly complementary responses among endogenous T cells in treated mice. Thus, SAgAs offer a novel and promising ASIT platform superior to free peptides in inducing tolerance while mitigating risks of anaphylaxis for the treatment of T1D.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK RIMPANG JAHE (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSC.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PYTHIUM SP. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT REBAH KECAMBAH MENTIMUN SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Mujim Subli Mujim
Published: January 2021

Effect of  the  ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) on the growth of Pythium sp., the causal agent of cucumber damping off disease.  The Pythium sp. often damaged cucumber seedling in seedbed.  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ginger extract on the growth and spore production of Pythium sp.   The study was conducted in 2005 at the laboratory of plant pathology, University of Lampung.  The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates.  The treatments were consisted of five level of concentrations of ginger rhizome extract i.e, 0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 %.    The results show that all concentrations of the rhizome ginger extract inhibited mycelial growth and spore production of Pythium sp.  There was a significant linear relationship between the rhizome  ginger extract and both of fungal growth and spore production.
EFEK BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS PADA PERKECAMBAHAN KACANG TANAH
Authors: Avivi Sholeh , Suyani Ida Sugeng , Winarso Sugeng
Published: January 2021

Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganism to Aspergillus flavus development on peanut germination.  Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) are microorganisms which could increase the available P in plant media.   The aim of this research is to determine the effect of PSM on A. flavus growth, and to identify it’s effects on the growth dynamics of  A. flavus as long as the peanut germination.  The research were conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Diseases Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, from August 2005 to May 2006 and divided in 2 stages: in vitro and germination stage.  Base on in-vitro stage we concluded that Bacillus subtilis strain SK had better inhibition toward the growth of A. flavus than Pseudomonas fluorescent strain GM.  B. subtilis strain SK could inhibit A. flavus as much as 74%, whereas P. fluorescent strain GM was only reached 60% compared to control.  Base on the germination stage, B. subtilis in the desiccator supernatant (BsDS) could increase the dry weight of root up to 24.1 g better than P. fluorescens strain GM and control.  We also found that B. subtilis strain SK was more effective to change the availability of P on plant media.
PRODUKSI ANTISERUM DAN KAJIAN SEROLOGI CHRYSANTHEMUM B CARLAVIRUS (CVB)
Authors: Temaja IGRM , Suastika G. , Hidayat S.H. , Kartosuwondo U.
Published: January 2021

Antiserum production and serological assay of Chrysanthemum B Carlavirus (CVB). Virus identification based on spesific reaction between antigen and antibody  in serological assay has been widely applied as a tool for plant virus detection. The aims of this research is  to produce  antiserum of the CVB by  guinea pig immunization using  purified CVB of Cianjur isolate. The antiserum   was used further  for  the  serological test. Serological methods for detection of CVB were I-ELISA, TBIA, western blot and ISEM. The result showed that  guinea pig immunization  using 150 µg of purified virus was able to produce 10.75 ml of antiserum. The antiserum produced had high sensitivity for detection of CVB when examined by I-ELISA and TBIA. Besides its low cost, TBIA allows the samples to be blotted on the nitrocellulose membranes in the field and storage of the membranes for later processing in the laboratory. This feature makes it the metode of  choice for large-scale CVB surveying.
UJI PENGGABUNGAN PGPF DAN Pseudomonas putida STRAIN PF-20 DALAM PENGENDALIAN HAYATI PENYAKIT BUSUK LUNAK LIDAH BUAYA DI TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto , Priyatmojo Achmadi , Arwiyanto Triwidodo
Published: January 2021

Aloe (Aloe vera L. Webb) planted in West Borneo peat land is well known to have the best product quality in Indonesia. Bacterial soft rot is one of the constraints on aloe cultivation on peat land.  Many methods have not given significant result for controlling this disease.  The research objectives were to study the application of PGPF and its combination with Pseudomonas putida Pf-20 for controlling aloe bacterial soft rot on peat land.  In vitro test showed that two isolates of PGPF tested had different respons when combining with P. putida Pf-20.  The bacterial P. putida Pf-20 inhibit the growth of PGPF SNTH003 (Aspergillus sp.) as 20.14% on King’s B and 7.48% on PDA, whereas SNTH001 (Penicillium sp.) as 62.4% on King’s B dan 34.39% on PDA.  Glass house trial showed that root dipping in P. putida Pf-20 suspension could not promote the growth of aloe, but could reduce the disease intensity.  The single application of SNTH001 and SNTH003 isolates were able to increase the growth of aloe compare with its combination each of PGPF isolates with P. putida Pf-20.  Single application of SNTH003, SNTH001 and P. putida Pf-20 was able to reduce the disease intensity of bacterial soft rot, but the capability decreased when each of PGPF combined with P. putida Pf-20.  However combination between SNTH003 and P. putida Pf-20 increased that disease intensity. The lowest disease intensty (25%) obtained by using  SNTH001 isolate.
KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES SERANGGA PREDATOR DAN PARASITOID Aphis gossypii DI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Riyanto Riyanto , Herlinda Siti , Irsan Chandra , Umayah Abu
Published: January 2021

This study was aimed to analysis abundance and species diversity of predatory insects and parasitoid of Aphis gossypii from lowland and highland areas of South Sumatra.    Survey of was conducted in 11 vegetable centers of  South Sumatra.  The results showed that 20 species of predatory insects and 3 species of parasitoids were found from the survey. The predatory insects consisted of 15 species of coccinellid beetles, two species of syrphids, and  one species of chamaemyiid, mantid and staphylinid.  Parasitoid found were 2 species of Aphidiidae (Diaretiella rapae and Aphidius sp.) and a species of Aphelinidae (Aphelinus sp.).  The highest abundance of the predator was found in Soak (42.61 larvae and adults) and the highest abundance of the parasitoid was found in Talang Buruk (25.99 adults).  The highest species diversity of the predator and the parasitoid were found in Soak (15 species and H’= 0.94) and in Talang Buruk (2 species and H’ = 0.27), respectively.  Abundance and species diversity of the predators and parasitoids were higher in the dry season than those in rainy season. Thus, the abundance and species diversity of the predators and parasiotids were higher in the lowland than highland areas in South Sumatra, while the seasons affected the abundance and species diversity of the predators and parasitoids.
PEMBIAKAN NEMATODA PATOGEN SERANGGA (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditis DAN Steinernema) PADA MEDIA SEMI PADAT
Authors: Chaerani Chaerani
Published: January 2021

Field application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) is still hampered by inefficient mass production. The aim of this study was to compare three published in vitro media (medium Wouts, Bedding and Han) for mass propagation of three indigenous EPNs (Heterorhabditis indicus PLR2, H. indicus isolate 5, and Steinernema T96) and one commercial strain (S. carpocapsae #25). The media were impregnated in shredded polyurethane sponge, pre-inoculated with symbiotic bacteria of each nematode and inoculated with the respective infective juveniles (Ijs) of the nematode. Nematode yields at three weeks after nematode inoculation were inconsistent accross replications and experiments and generally not significantly influenced by the kind of media tested. Average yields showed that the highest IJ productions were obtained on medium Han for  H. indicus PLR2 (0,4×105 Ijs/g medium) and for S. carpocapsae #25  (2.2×105 IJs/g medium), and on  medium Wouts for H. indicus  isolate 5 (6.5×105 Ijs/g medium) and Steinernema T96 (1.5×105 IJs/g medium). The Ijs’ body were significantly shorter than those of in vivo propagated, which may impair the nematode pathogenicity. Modifications of the propagation technique and media formulation are needed to improve the quantity and quality of Ijs.
RESISTANCE OF SOME GROUNDNUT CULTIVARS TO SOYBEAN POD BORER, ETIELLA ZINCKENELLA TREIT. (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Apriyanto Dwinardi , Gunawan Edi , Sunardi Tri
Published: January 2021

Resistance of some groundnut cultivars to soybean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella Treit. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).  Five groundnut cultivars: Badak, Panther, Sima, Gajah, and Simpai, were grown in field in June-August, 2006 to determine their resistance/susceptibility to Etiella zinckenella Treit.  Two local cultivars (big and small seeds) were included as comparison (controls). All cultivars were grown in experimental plots arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated three times. The incidence of soybean pod borer and damaged pods were observed at 9, 11, 13 weeks after sowing (WAS) at 10 sample plants taken randomly from each plot. All cultivars were harvested at 13 WAS. Number of damaged pods was counted and percentages per plant were calculated. Larvae observed inside pod or in the soil were counted and collected. The seed yield per plant and weight of 100 seeds from 100 sample plants taken randomly at harvest were weighted to nearest gram at 10% water content. Pod toughness (hardness) was measured with penetrometer. Resistance level of each cultivar was determined based on cultivar’s means and overall mean and standard deviation of the percentages of damaged pods. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated with DMRT. The result revealed that mean percentages of damaged pod differed significantly between cultivars. Seed yield of cultivar Panther, Sima and Badak were significantly higher than those of the other two and local cultivars. Cultivar Panther was categorized as resistant, cultivar Sima and Badak as moderately resistant, while the others as susceptible. The relative resistance of groundnut cultivar seems, at least in part, to correlate with the structural hardness of pod.
STUDI LALAT PENGOROK DAUN LIRIOMYZA SPP. PADA PERTANAMAN BAWANG DAUN, DAN PARASITOID OPIUS CHROMATOMYIAE BELOKOBYLSKIJ & WHARTON (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Rustam Rusli , Rauf Aunu , Maryana Nina , Pudjianto Pudjianto , Dadang Dadang
Published: January 2021

Studies on Leafminer Liriomyza spp. in Green Onion Fields, and Parasitoid Opius chromatomyiae Belokobylskij & Wharton (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).  Field studies were conducted to determine population abundance of leafminers and their parasitoids in green onion fields in Puncak, West Java. In addition to that, laboratory studies were carried out to determine demographic parameter of Opius chromatomyiae as well as response of parasitoid to increasing host density. Results revealed that green onions were infested by two species of leafminers, Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza chinensis.  Leafminer flies emerged from Erwor leaves (54.5) were significantly higher than those of RP leaves (18.65) (P = 0.0005). However, number of  leafminer flies caught on sticky traps was not statistically different (P = 0.297).  Two species of parasitoid, Hemiptarsenus varicornis and O. chromatomyiae, were associated with leafminers in green onion fields. Higher number of parasitoids emerged from Erwor leaves (13.68) as compared to RP (6.90) (P =0.0007 ). However, level of parasitization were 24.36% on Erwor and 28.45% on RP, and was not significantly different (P = 0.387). Laboratory studies indicated that net reproduction (Ro) of O. chromatomyiae was 28.55, generation time (T) 15.96 days, intrinsic growth rate 0.21, and total of reproductive value 223.64.  The stable age distribution of parasitoid were 37.93% eggs, 24.92% larvae, 20.36% pupae and 16.78% adults.  The parasitoid showed functional response type II to increasing host density, with a = 0.08 and Th = 2.58.
ANTS ALTER INSECTICIDE EFFICACY ON APHIDS IN THE YARD-LONG BEAN AGROECOSYSTEM ?
Authors: Susilo F.X. , Rosmawati Dewi , Yasin Nur
Published: January 2021

Ants Alter Insecticide Efficacy on Aphids in the Yard-Long Bean Agroecosystem? This study was aimed to detect the relationship between Aphis sp. and ants and to show whether ants could alter insecticide efficacy on Aphis sp. A survey was conducted in  the yard-long bean agroecosystems that have been frequently attacked by aphids and for years treated with imidacloprid insecticide (in Mulyosari Village, intensive sample) versus those barely treated in Ganjar Agung Village (non-intensive sample), both in the West Metro municipal area, Lampung. Two sampling occasions were made (in March and November 2005) where 35 plant parts (i.e. 35 flowers and 35 pods) per sample were randomly observed to record the number of Aphis sp. and ants. The efficacy of the insecticide treatment was determined by comparing the mean number of aphids or ants from intensive versus non intensive samples using a t-test at the 0.05 level. The relationships between ant and aphid numbers were determined by calculating their coefficients of correlation and testing them using a t-test at the 0.01 or 0.05 level. The study showed that the long-term application of the insecticide imidacloprid in the yard-long bean agroecosystem 1) might strengthen the relationship between Aphis sp. and ants (especially Solenopsis sp., Camponotus sp. and Paratopula sp.) and 2) was not effective to suppress  Aphis sp. number. Stronger Aphis sp. — ant symbiotic relationship might alter the insecticide efficacy on Aphis sp. in the agroecosystem.
Pola Segregasi Sifat Ketahanan Terhadap Soybean Stunt Virus dan Keragaman Genetik FAMILI F2:3 HASIL PERSILANGAN VARIETAS ORBA DAN GALUR B3570
Authors: Mat Akin Hasriadi , Lidya Astri Emi , Barmawi Maimun
Published: January 2021

Segregation pattern of the Soybean Stunt Virus resistant character and genetic diversity of F2:3 families derived from crosses between Orba and B3570.  Soybean stunt disease caused by SSV (Soybean Stunt Virus) is the most destructive soybean disease in Indonesia. This research was conducted from October 2005 to June 2006 at experiment station of Lampung University.  The aims of this research were to evaluate the segregation of resistant characters and total genetic diversity of eight populations of F2:3  families. Experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The resistance was evaluated based on the score of disease severity.  The results showed that the resistant characters segregate 1:2:1 to susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant, respectively based on  the segregation pattern. The resistant character was controlled by single gene and the action of the gene is noncompletely dominant gene.  Eight populations of F2:3 families have high diversities on the yield and yield components.
PARAMETER DEMOGRAFI PARASITOID HEMIPTARSENUS VARICORNIS (GIRAULT) (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) PADA LALAT PENGOROK DAUN LIRIOMYZA HUIDOBRENSIS (DIPTERA : AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Sulaeha Sulaeha , Rauf Aunu , Maryana Nina
Published: January 2021

Demographic parameter Parasitoid Hemiptarsenus varicornis Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis.  Hemiptarsenus varicornis  Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is the most common parasitoid associated with larvae of potato leafminer  Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Indonesia.  The leaf miner was reared on redbean.  Demographic parameters was determined by observation of 50 larvae. Daily mortality and fertility were calculated using a life table analysis.  Life table analysis showed that the net reproductive rate (Ro) was 18.021 females  per generation, instrinsic growth rate ( r ) was 0.208 female offspring per female per day, limited increased rate ( ë ) was 1.231 individuals per day, generation time ( T ) was 13.9 days, and total reproduction value (RVx) was 80.847 and its peak was reached when adults were three days old.  Leslie matrix simulation showed proportions of parasitoid’s egg, larva, pupa, and adult.  Which are 35%, 30,6%, and 18%, respectively were stabilized since 40 days after release.
KARAKTERISASI INDIVIDU WERENG HIJAU NEPHOTETTIX VIRESCENS DISTANT PENULAR AKTIF VIRUS TUNGRO PADI
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Wijayanti Retno
Published: January 2021

Characterization of active transmitter among population of the leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens Distant in relation to the transmission of the rice tungro virus. The objective of this research was to identify the characteristics of Nephotettix virescens as the active transmitter of the rice tungro virus. The specimens of N. virescens  active transmitter were determined by differing in their ability to transmit the tungro virus to healthy plants.  These specimens were used as samples to identify  their morphological and molecular characters. Five external morphological characters, namely length of head to abdomen,  hind femur, head, fore wing, and length of stylet were measured to determined their character. The protein banding patterns of the active transmitter were identified by protein separating technique on SDS-Page. Based on the morphological characters, especially the length of head to abdomen, hind femur, head, fore wing, and length of stylet, it  showed that N. virescens active transmitter and non transmitter were similar. There were no specific morphological characters for N. virescens active transmitter.  However, N. virescens active transmitter showed different protein banding pattern.  Three distinct protein bands, estimated as 173, 134, and 68 kDa were observed in the specimens of active transmitter. These three protein bands, were absent in the non transmitter.
NEMATODE DIVERSITY IN A RANGE OF LAND USE TYPES IN JAMBI BENCHMARK INDONESIA
Authors: Swibawa I Gede , Aeny Titik Nur
Published: January 2021

Nematode Diversity in a Range of Land Use Types in Jambi Benchmark Indonesia. This study was conducted in Jambi  Benchmark, Indonesia from May 2004 to March 2005.  Out of 70 sampling points, 35 soil cores were taken from five land use types including forest less intensive, forest intensive, shrub, tree-based intensive, and crop-based less intensive.  From each soil core, 300 ml of soil was extracted by flotation and centrifugation technique using sucrose solution. One hundred randomly picked nematodes from each sample were identified to  genus level. The collected data were nematode abundance, number of genera, and trophic groups. The results showed that a total of 100 nematode genera within 31 families and 8 orders were found from soil samples of Jambi Benchmark. The abundance of total nematodes, bacterial feeding, and plant feeding nematodes were low in the intensive land use but high in less intensive land uses, i.e. shrub, intensive forest, and less intensive forest.  There was no significant correlation between land use intensity and the diversity of nematode taxa.  Nematode maturity indices were not sensitive enough to measure ecosystem disturbance caused by human intervention in Jambi Benchmark.
DETEKSI MENGGUNAKAN PCR (POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION) CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER ASIATICUS, PENYEBAB HUANGLONGBING PADA JERUK SIEM DENGAN BEBERAPA TIPE GEJALA PADA DAUN
Authors: Himawan Achmad , Sumardiyono Y.B , Somowiyarjo Susamto , Trisyono Y. Andi , Beattie Andrew
Published: January 2021

Detection using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Huanglongbing causal Organism on Siem Mandarin with different types of symptoms.  Huanglongbing (HLB) or Citrus Vein Phloem Degeration (CVPD) is one of major diseases on Siem mandarin in Indonesia. HLB is caused by bacteria Candidatus liberibacter asiatus (LAS). The bacteria only live in the phloem cells of host tree and only recently it was reported to be successfully cultured on agar medium. Early detection method of LAS is needed to support healthy Siem mandarin cultivation program. This research was conducted to detect LAS in different types of HLB leaf symptoms based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method with specific primer forward MHO 353 and reverse MHO 354.  The results suggested that 8 types of HLB leaf symptoms were found on the samples used in this experiment. LAS was detected at 60% on the leaves without any symptom followed by the leaves with completely chlorosis symptom at 66%. The leaves with unevenly yellow showing higher percentage of LAS detection ranged from 80-86%. PCR technique successfully amplified DNA of LAS with the size target of 600 bp.
TINGKAT KETAHANAN KLON POTENSIAL UBI JALAR LOKAL ASAL NTT TERHADAP HAMA LANAS (Cylas formicarius Fab.)
Authors: Mau Yosep Seran , Ndiwa Antonius SS , Arsa I GB Adwita
Published: January 2021

A laboratory experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential sweetpotato clones from NTT for the following objectives: 1) to determine resistance level of the clones to sweetpotato weevil (SPW), 2) to investitage the effect of genotype by tuber production site interaction on SPW-resistance level, 3) to identify SPW-resistant clones. Sweetpotato roots employed in the experiment were obtained from two production sites in the fields.  The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with a factorial treatment of two factors: sweetpotato genotype (10 clones) and root production sites (two sites). Experimental unit was replicated three times. Variables observed included percentage of SPW-injured root, severity of root injury, number of larva, pupae and imago, and root morphological characters.   Quantitative data were subjected to analysis of variance while qualititave data were descriptively analyzed. Results of the study revealed significant interaction effect of genotype by tuber production site on severity of root injury and number of larva+pupae+imago. NBN-01 and NPL-02 produced the lowest (4.50%) and the greatest (67.03%) severity of root injury. NBN-01 was classified “resistant” and NPL-02 was “susceptible” while the remaining eight clones/check varieties were “moderately resistant” to SPW.
KEEFEKTIVAN EKSTRAK BIOTA LAUT AGLAOPHENIA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ENZIM EKSTRASELULER DAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN FUSARIUM SERTA PERSENTASE BUSUK BATANG VANILI
Authors: Suada I Ketut
Published: January 2021

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Aglaophenia extract on the activity of cellulase and pectinase, protein content of Fusarium, and percentage of vanilla stem rot. This reasearch  was carried out in-vitro with concentration of extract of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125, 63, and 0 ppm (w/v). The treatments were also applied on vanilla plant to determine their effect on the stem rot incidence.  The results exhibited that the higher the concentration of the extract given, both enzymes activity and mycelial protein content of Fusarium decreased. The decrease of enzymes activity resulted in the decrease of vanilla stem rot percentage. The effectiveness of the extract to suppress stem rot was higher than mancozeb, therefore, the extract could be used as a control agent against vanilla stem rot.
EKSPLORASI POTENSI GULMA SIAM (CHROMOLAENA ODORATA) SEBAGAI BIOFUNGISIDA PENGENDALI PHYTOPHTHORA PALMIVORA YANG DIISOLASI DARI BUAH KAKAO
Authors: Suharjo Radix , Aeny Titik Nur
Published: January 2021

The research was aimed to investigate: (1) distribution and population of Chromolaena odorata (siam weed) in different land-uses (paddy field, untreated land, houseyard, roadside and river/irigation side) in Bandar Lampung, South Lampung, Tanggamus, and East Lampung; (2) effect of C. odorata extract on in-vitro growth of Phytophthora palmivora, (3) effect of C. odorata extract on development of fruit rot symptom caused by P. palmivora on cocoa pod in the laboratory and in the field. Collecting of P. palmivora isolates and recording distribution and population of C. odorata were conducted in several locations known as endemic areas of cocoa pod rot disease. The effect of C. odorata extract on the growth of P. palmivora on agar media and cocoa pods was determine in the Laboratory of Plant Disease, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. Field experiment was performed in a cocoa plantation in Kemiling, Bandar Lampung. The results showed that C. odorata weed can be found in all of the land-uses surveyed, but the highest population was found in the untreated land-use.  The tips (young leaves and stems) extract of C. odorata showed a greater inhibition effect on the growth of P. palmivora compared to the root extract. The tips extract showed the best inhibition in-vitro growth of P. palmivora at 40% concentration level, inhibited symptom development on cocoa pods in the laboratory at 50% concentration level, and on cocoa pods in the field at 60% concentration level.
PATOGENISITAS JAMUR KARAT (PUCCINIA PHILIPPINENSIS Syd.), PADA GULMA TEKI (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L.)
Authors: Fauzi M.T.
Published: January 2021

The pathogenicity of a rust fungus (Puccinia philippinensis Syd.), on purple nutsedges (Cyperus rotundus L.). A research aimed at understanding the pathogenicity of a rust fungus (Puccinia philippinensis Syd.), a potential biological control agent of purple nutsedges (Cyperus rotundus L.) had been conducted in a glasshouse of Faculty of Agriculture the University of Mataram. These factorial experiments designed according to Randomized Completely Design (CRD) and consisted of spore density and time of application. Spore density treatments consisted of 0, 5000, 10 000, 15 000, 20 000, 25 000, or 30 000 spore/mL applied either in the morning or in the afternoon. The results showed that the higher the spore density, the higher the number of pustules formed, the higher the disese intensity, and the faster the disease progressed. Urediniospores applied in the afternoon produced more pustules, higher disease intensity, and faster disease progression compare to those applied in the morning.
DAMPAK PADI TRANSGENIK MENGEKSPRESIKAN GEN cryIA(b) UNTUK KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENGGEREK BATANG DI LAPANG TERBATAS TERHADAP SERANGGA BUKAN SASARAN
Authors: Mulyaningsih Enung S. , Deswina Puspita , Slamet-Loedin Inez H.
Published: January 2021

The impact of transgenic rice expressing cryIA(b) gene for stem borer resistance at limited field to non target insects. Transgenic rice plant Rojolele cultivar (lines 6.11(+), 6.11-48, 6.11, 11.21-39, and  11.21-48) that contain cryIA(b) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis was obtained.  These lines were expected resistance to stem borer that is considered as one of primary pests.  At seven (T6) generation, limited field trial was conducted in Karawang-West Java. Cilosari cultivar (medium resistant control) and IR 62 (susceptible control)  were included as standars as well as a non transformed cultivar Rojolele isogenic control and border along with other plants in the surrounding area.   The testing was done to meet the biosafety requirements as stipulated in Assessment Guidelines of Living Modified Organism Biosafety Plant Series.  Observation was carried out on non targert insect such as other pest insect  and general predator in the field.  The results showed that non target pest insect white back planthopper (WBP) and bug rice (Leptocorisa oratorius F.) were found in the field with different levels attacks in accordance with their respective population.  WBP attacked since the beginning of the planting.  WBP population in transgenic plant at the end of the observation indicated the same level of vulnerability as Rojolele control and both were more vulnerable that Cilosari and IR 62.  The rice bug attack when plant at tiller filling (immature seed) therefore the data could not be compared with Cilosari and IR 62 because both of cultivars were shorter age than  Rojolele.  However, the population of L. oratorius between transgenic and control were not significant different.  There are three genera of generalist predator observed such as Paederus, Coccinella, and Cyrthorinus.  These population were not significant different in all transgenic lines tested (Rojolele control, Cilosari, and  IR 62).  Thus the results of the experiment proved that transgenic lines tested in Karawang did not have negative impact on the population of other insects.
POTENTIAL IMPACT OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE ON THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE) AND ITS PARASITOID DIADEGMA SEMICLAUSUM (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Hasibuan Rosma , Christalia Nilly , Susilo F.X. , Yasin Nur
Published: January 2021

Potential Impact of Metarhizium anisopliae on the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and Its Parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).  Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of the Metarhizium anisopliae against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella and its parasitoid, Diadegma  semiclausum. A completely randomized design consisted of 5 treatments (4 concentrations of conidial suspension: 5 x 104, 3.5 x 105, 2.5 x 106, 1.2 x 107 conidia/ml and control) was used.  The results indicated that the mortality of P. xylostella larvae were significantly induced by the fungal treatments.  A significant reduction in pupation and adult emergence of P. xylostella was also detected in all treatments when compared with that in the control. The fungus might also result in a male-biased sex ratio of the surviving P. xylostella. When applied at a concentration of 1.2 x 107 conidia/ml, M.  anisopliae might significantly reduce the survival of the parasitoid, D. semiclausum. Thus, despite its potential as a biological control agent against P. xylostella, the entomomogenous fungus M. anisopliae was also detrimental to the larvae parasitoid D. semiclausum.
Embodying the Anthropocene: Embattled crustaceans, extractivism, and eco-tourism on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean)
Authors: Hayward Philip
Published: January 2021

Christmas Island, in the north-eastern Indian Ocean, remained uninhabited until 1888 when British entrepreneurs established a phosphate mining operation that has continued to the present. Over the last 132 years, the island has experienced a series of impacts that typify the effects of extractivism globally. Acquired by Australia in 1958, the island has also been the site of a major immigration detention centre, set up in 2006 to process and deter Asian asylum seekers. In recent decades, tourism has also been added to the economic mix in a form primarily orientated to the island’s distinct fauna, an enterprise that co-exists uneasily with established mining and internment operations. In these regards, the island has rapidly experienced a range of transnational pressures that have distorted and compromised its environment. As such, the island’s recent ‘biography’ exemplifies the impact and scale of integrated Anthropocene factors. Drawing on recent work on the nature of human ecodynamics, this article examines the character and role of the island’s eco-assets – and its crustaceans, in particular – in the emerging experience economy of eco-tourism, illustrating the tensions and instability underlying the latter and its awkward co-existence with mining and detention operations. In this manner, the article characterises the Anthropocene as the central determinant of the present and of possible futures for the island.
BIOPRECIPITACIÓN INDUCIDA CON CACHAZA DE CAÑA DE AZÚCAR COMO MECANISMO POTENCIADOR PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO ESTRUCTURAL DE BLOQUES DE TIERRA COMPRIMIDA
Authors: Castro Veronica Isabel , Loaiza Diana Catalina Rodriguez , Vega Carlos
Published: January 2021

La bioprecipitación ocurre cuando los microorganismos presentes en el suelo generan precipitados de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3) bien sea de forma natural o inducida mediante la aplicación de nutrientes específicos. Dichos nutrientes pueden ser de origen químico, pero con la desventaja de ser más costosos, o naturales como la cachaza de caña de azúcar, la cual es considerada un residuo y es generada en Colombia en grandes cantidades a partir de la producción de la panela. En este estudio se determinó la capacidad de bioprecipitación de CaCO3 a partir de bacterias aisladas de un suelo franco-limoso proveniente del municipio de Envigado-Antioquia y con éste se elaboraron Bloques de Tierra Comprimida (BTC) a escala en los que se aplicó un nutriente elaborado a base de cachaza de caña y cal para determinar el mejoramiento en su resistencia a los esfuerzos de compresión. Se evaluaron diferentes concentraciones de cachaza de caña y cal, la incidencia del pH del medio y la capacidad de precipitación de las cepas seleccionadas por separado. Se obtuvo un esfuerzo máximo de 74.6 kPa, lo que representó una mejora en la resistencia a los esfuerzos de compresión del 36.7% respecto al control inicial y de un 16.2 % con relación al control con cal. Los resultados demostraron que la cachaza de azúcar sirve como mecanismo potenciador de la bioprecipitación, mejorando la resistencia a la comprensión de los BTC.