bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical and Functional Characterization of Sarcoplasmic Proteins from Giant Squid (Dosidicus gigas) Mantle
Authors: Lopez-Enriquez Rosa Linda , Ocano-Higuera Victor Manuel , Torres-Arreola Wilfrido , Ezquerra-Brauer Josafat Marina , Marquez-Rios Enrique
Published: August 2015

Modification of pH and NaCl concentration changed the physicochemical properties of sarcoplasmic proteins (SP) from jumbo squid mantle and consequently their functional properties. Better results of emulsifying activity index (EAI) and foam capacity (FC) were exhibited at pH 11 in NaCl absence due to higher solubility. But better emulsifying stability index (ESI) was obtained at pH 11 in 0.5 M NaCl, while, foaming stability (FS) was better at pH near to isoelectric point (pI). These results suggest that SP from jumbo squid may be a promising ingredient, whose functional properties can be manipulated by changing pH and NaCl concentration.
Biothermodynamic Assay ofCoptis-EvodiaHerb Couples
Authors: Yang Hongbo , Su Min , Yao Qi , Zhao Yanling , Chen Danhong , Jia Lei
Published: August 2015

Objective.To illustrate the difference in cold/hot natural properties and therapeutic effect ofcoptis-evodiaherb couples by using cold/hot plate differentiating technology and microcalorimetry combined with material basis analysisin vivoandin vitro. It showed that animal retention ratio in hot pad significantly decreased along with the decrease incoptisproportion incoptis-evodiaherb couples. In addition, Zuojin wan markedly reduced the retention ratio of gastritis mice in the hot pad, while Fanzuojin wan displayed an opposite result. Further, Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and T-AOC activity significantly weakened incoptis-treated group in the livers of the mice. In the gastric cells from the gastritis mice, Fanzuojin wan remarkably increased calorific value for growth and metabolism, while Zuojin wan significantly reduced the calorigenic effect. It suggested that the changes in the major chemical compositions (especially alkaloids) were the material base-induced transformation between “cold” and “hot” syndromes. The material basis which affected the transformation between “cold” and “hot” syndromes might be X2, X3, X4, X8, epiberberine hydrochloride, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, coptisine sulphate, palmatine hydrochloride, and berberine hydrochloride. The CHPD combined with microcalorimetry technology is a good method to determine the differences in the “cold” and “hot” natural properties ofcoptis-evodiaherb couples.
Robust Control of the Knee Joint Angle of Paraplegic Patients considering Norm-Bounded Uncertainties
Authors: Santos Nilson Moutinho dos , Gaino Ruberlei , Covacic Márcio Roberto , Teixeira Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto , Carvalho Aparecido Augusto de , Assunção Edvaldo , Cardim Rodrigo , Sanches Marcelo Augusto Assunção
Published: August 2015

A proposal for the knee position control design of paraplegic patients with functional electrical stimulation (FES) using control systems and considering norm-bounded uncertainties is presented. A state-space representation of the knee joint model of the paraplegic patient with its nonlinearity is also demonstrated. The use of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) in control systems with norm-bounded uncertainties for asymptotic stability is analyzed. The model was simulated in the Matlab environment. The matrixKof state space feedback was obtained through LMIs.
Design of a Code-Maker Translator Assistive Input Device with a Contest Fuzzy Recognition Algorithm for the Severely Disabled
Authors: Wu Chung-Min , Liou Jyun-Slan
Published: August 2015

This study developed an assistive system for the severe physical disabilities, named “code-maker translator assistive input device” which utilizes a contest fuzzy recognition algorithm and Morse codes encoding to provide the keyboard and mouse functions for users to access a standard personal computer, smartphone, and tablet PC. This assistive input device has seven features that are small size, easy installing, modular design, simple maintenance, functionality, very flexible input interface selection, and scalability of system functions, when this device combined with the computer applications software or APP programs. The users with severe physical disabilities can use this device to operate the various functions of computer, smartphone, and tablet PCs, such as sending e-mail, Internet browsing, playing games, and controlling home appliances. A patient with a brain artery malformation participated in this study. The analysis result showed that the subject could make himself familiar with operating of the long/short tone of Morse code in one month. In the future, we hope this system can help more people in need.
Comparison of SUN and Wi-Fi P2P WSN in M2M Environments
Authors: Oh Eui-Suk , Lee Seong-Hee , Lee Seong-Hyeong , Hwang Seung-Hoon
Published: August 2015

In wireless sensor network, two scenarios are combined which involve either short-range or long-range communications. IEEE 802.15.4g and IEEE 802.11 are considered in machine to machine environments, because they can utilize the identical frequency band. The performances of the physical modes of the IEEE 802.15.4g and the IEEE 802.11 standards are presented and are compared in terms of the bit error rate and throughput when additive white Gaussian noise, shadowing, and multipath fading channels are assumed. The numerical results show that IEEE 802.11 is more vulnerable than IEEE 802.15.4g in the shadowing channels when compared to the AWGN channel. For the multipath fading channel, IEEE 802.11 performs better than IEEE 802.15.4g. It is necessary that adequate communication is configured depending on the required performance characteristics, [Formula: see text], service coverage, and channel environments.
Targeted Knockdown of Hepatic SOAT2 With Antisense Oligonucleotides Stabilizes Atherosclerotic Plaque in ApoB100-only LDLr
−/−
Mice
Authors: Melchior John T. , Olson John D. , Kelley Kathryn L. , Wilson Martha D. , Sawyer Janet K. , Link Kerry M. , Rudel Lawrence L.
Published: August 2015

Objective—

To test the hypothesis that the attenuation of cholesterol oleate packaging into apoB-containing lipoproteins will arrest progression of pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions.

Approach and Results—

Atherosclerosis was induced in apoB-100 only, LDLr
–/–
mice by feeding a diet enriched in
cis
-monounsaturated fatty acids for 24 weeks. A subset of mice was then euthanized to quantify the extent of atherosclerosis. The remaining mice were continued on the same diet (controls) or assigned to the following treatments for 16 weeks: (1) a diet enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, (2) the
cis
-monounsaturated fatty acid diet plus biweekly injections of an antisense oligonucleotide specific to hepatic sterol-O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2); or (3) the
cis
-monounsaturated fatty acid diet and biweekly injections of a nontargeting hepatic antisense oligonucleotide. Extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta was monitored morphometrically in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo histologically and immunochemically. Hepatic knockdown of SOAT2 via antisense oligonucleotide treatment arrested lesion growth and stabilized lesions.

Conclusions—

Hepatic knockdown of SOAT2 in apoB100-only, LDLr
–/–
mice resulted in remodeling of aortic atherosclerotic lesions into a stable phenotype, suggesting SOAT2 is a viable target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Association of Smoking Status With Angina and Health-Related Quality of Life After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Buchanan Donna M. , Arnold Suzanne V. , Gosch Kensey L. , Jones Philip G. , Longmore Lance S. , Spertus John A. , Cresci Sharon
Published: August 2015

Background—

Smoking cessation after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) decreases the risk of recurrent AMI and mortality by 30% to 50%, but many patients continue to smoke. The association of smoking with angina and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after AMI is unclear.

Methods and Results—

Patients in 2 US multicenter AMI registries (n=4003) were assessed for smoking and HRQOL at admission and 1, 6, and 12 months after AMI. Angina and HRQOL were measured with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire and Short Form-12 Physical and Mental Component Scales. At admission, 29% never had smoked, 34% were former smokers (quit before AMI), and 37% were active smokers, of whom 46% quit by 1 year (recent quitters). In hierarchical, multivariable, regression models that adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical and treatment factors, never and former smokers had similar and the best HRQOL in all domains. Recent quitters had intermediate HRQOL levels, with angina and Short Form-12 Mental Component Scale scores similar to never smokers. Persistent smokers had worse HRQOL in all domains compared with never smokers and worse Short Form-12 Mental Component Scale scores than recent quitters.

Conclusions—

Smoking after AMI is associated with more angina and worse HRQOL in all domains, whereas smokers who quit after AMI have similar angina levels and mental health as never smokers. These observations may help encourage patients to stop smoking after AMI.
Development and Validation of a Short Version of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire
Authors: Spertus John A. , Jones Philip G.
Published: August 2015

Background—

There is a growing demand to collect patients’ experiences of their health status (their symptoms, function, and quality of life) in clinical trials, quality assessment initiatives, and in routine clinical care. In heart failure, the 23-item, disease-specific Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) has been shown to be valid, reliable, sensitive to clinical change, and prognostic of both clinical events and costs. However, its use has been limited, in part, by its length. We sought to develop a shortened version of the instrument that maintains the psychometric properties of the full KCCQ.

Methods and Results—

Using data from 3 clinical studies incorporating 4168 patients, we derived and validated a 12-item KCCQ, the KCCQ-12, to capture symptom frequency, physical and social limitations, and quality of life impairment as a result of heart failure, as well as an overall summary score. The KCCQ-12 scores had high correlations with the original scales (>0.93 for all scales in all clinical settings), high test–retest reliability (>0.76 for all domains), high responsiveness (16–31 point improvements after discharge from hospitalization; standardized response mean =0.61–1.12), and comparable prognostic significance and interpretation of clinically important differences as compared with the full KCCQ.

Conclusions—

The KCCQ-12 is a shorter version of the original 23-item instrument that should be more feasible to implement while preserving the psychometric properties of the full instrument.
Predicting Collateral Status With Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Parameters
Authors: Lee Mi Ji , Son Jeong Pyo , Kim Suk Jae , Ryoo Sookyung , Woo Sook-Young , Cha Jihoon , Kim Gyeong-Moon , Chung Chin-Sang , Lee Kwang Ho , Bang Oh Young
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—

Good collateral flow is an important predictor for favorable responses to recanalization therapy and successful outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. Magnetic resonance perfusion–weighted imaging (MRP) is widely used in patients with stroke. However, it is unclear whether the perfusion parameters and thresholds would predict collateral status. The present study evaluated the relationship between hypoperfusion severity and collateral status to develop a predictive model for good collaterals using MRP parameters.

Methods—

Patients who were eligible for recanalization therapy that underwent both serial diffusion-weighted imaging and serial MRP were enrolled into the study. A collateral flow map derived from MRP source data was generated through automatic postprocessing. Hypoperfusion severity, presented as proportions of every 2-s
T
max strata to the entire hypoperfusion volume (
T
max≥2 s), was compared between patients with good and poor collaterals. Prediction models for good collaterals were developed with each
T
max strata proportion and cerebral blood volumes.

Results—

Among 66 patients, 53 showed good collaterals based on MRP-based collateral grading. Although no difference was noted in delays within 16 s, more severe
T
max delays (
T
max
16–18 s
,
T
max
18–22 s
,
T
max
22–24 s
, and
T
max
>24 s
) were associated with poor collaterals. The probability equation model using
T
max strata proportion demonstrated high predictive power in a receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve=0.9303; 95% confidence interval, 0.8682–0.9924). The probability score was negatively correlated with the volume of infarct growth (
P
=0.030).

Conclusions—

Collateral status is associated with more severe
T
max delays than previously defined. The present
T
max severity–weighted model can determine good collaterals and subsequent infarct growth.
Farm Animal Welfare and Children
Authors: Lakestani Nelly , Aguirre Virginio , Orihuela Agustin
Published: August 2015

Children are future consumers; they will impact future animal welfare standards. This pilot study evaluated a nonhuman animal welfare education program, building a farm animal attitude questionnaire for 8- to 10-year-old children. The educational material focused on the behaviors and needs of cows, chickens, and pigs. Knowledge acquisition and attitude change were measured before and after the intervention for children in the intervention group and at a 2-week interval for children in the control group. Reliability of the attitude scale was measured by correlating the answers from the control group at two different time points. Eleven items were significantly correlated at the time points, indicating that those questions were reliably testing children’s views on these items. The educational intervention was successful in increasing children’s knowledge of farm animals and resulted in some changes in attitudes. The type of favorite animal reported shifted to more farm animals after the intervention.
Important Cows and Possum Pests
Authors: Dutkiewicz Jan
Published: August 2015

This paper examines how New Zealand’s conservation discourses and strategies have, since the launch of its Biodiversity Strategy at the turn of the millennium, created and sustained a local taxonomy of species rooted in the overlapping but often clashing logics of biodiversity protection, cultural patrimony, and economic growth. This paper focuses on the taxonomy of introduced land mammals, suggesting that classificatory maneuvers pertaining to introduced species demarcate a specific space of legitimized action with regards to animals while shaping global biodiversity discourses to fit a specific local context. Following the work of Timothy Luke on environing and building on Michel Foucault’s concept of biopower, this paper argues that in propagating a specific national discourse about biodiversity, species, and economic interests—rooted in what I term bio-nationalism—the Biodiversity Strategy has helped expand the scope of governance of New Zealand’s human and nonhuman populations.
Homogenizing Violence, Isa 40:4 (and Luke 3:5) and MTR (Mountaintop Removal Mining)
Authors: Elvey Anne
Published: August 2015

With the metaphor of leveling hills and filling valleys, Isa 40:4 presents an image of homogenizing violence toward Earth. This biblical text has been adopted by proponents of Mountaintop Removal Mining (hereafter, MTR). Justification of MTR by explicit reference to Isa 40:4 has occurred principally in response to Christian protests against MTR. The same text has been used by those resisting MTR. This article begins with ecophilosopher Val Plumwood’s critique of homogenization and draws on Paul Ricoeur’s reading of Aristotle on metaphor, to ask if, other than as a crass use as a proof-text for MTR, the application of Isa 40:4 to this destructive practice points to a deeper problem with homogenizing metaphors whose content is other-than-human. While the Isaian metaphor is problematic, it is grounded in the underlying liveliness of its subject. Attention to the liveliness of these biblical mountains and valleys allows that the text, and its metaphors, can also empower resistance to MTR. The liveliness underlying the mountains and hills of the Isaian metaphor can prompt a renewed focus on, and solidarity with, the Appalachian mountains and their communities.
Bryophytes collected in Mauritius by Gunnar Erdtman
Authors: Een Gillis
Published: August 2015

This small collection contained 8 species of mosses and 3 species of hepatics. Leucobryum boryanum is new to Mauritius but previously known from Réunion. A sample from the seldom visited small island of Ile aux Aigrettes, close to Mauritius, is of particular interest.
Lectotypification of Callicarpa nudiflora (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Ma Zhonghui , Su Zhiwei
Published: August 2015

Callicarpa nudiflora Hooker & Arnott (1837: 206) was formally described in 1837 from plants collected in China. In the protologue, two collections (Mr. Millett s.n and Rev. G. H. Vachell 263) were cited, but no type was indicated.We traced in E three specimens that fit the protologue and can be regarded as syntypes (Art. 9.5 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012): two duplicates specimens labelled “Rev. G. H. Vachell 263” (E barcodes E00369187, E00369189) and one specimen “Millet s.n.”. The specimen “Rev. G. H. Vachell 263” with barcode E00369187 is better preserved and more complete than the other two specimens, with obvious gray elliptic lenticels on the branchlets which is one of the crucial identification characters for this species and, hence is here designated as the lectotype.
A review of Minilimosina Roháček (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) from China
Authors: SU LIXIN , LIU GUANGCHUN , XU JIE
Published: August 2015

A review of the genus Minilimosina Roháček, 1983 of China, comprising 16 species, is given, with data about types, published descriptions and figures, and distributions. A key to the Chinese species of the genus Minilimosina is provided and three new species are described and illustrated: M. gracilenta Su sp. nov., M. parafanta Su sp. nov. and M. tapiehella Su sp. nov.. The male of M. archboldi Marshall, 1985 is redescribed. Females of M. luteola Su, 2011 and M. cornigera Roháček & Marshall, 1988 are described and illustrated for the first time. Phylogenetic relationships of M. cerciseta Su, 2011, M. luteola Su, 2011, M. obtusispina Su, 2013, M. quadrispinosa Su, 2011, M. gracilenta Su sp. nov., M. parafanta Su sp. nov. and M. tapiehella Su sp. nov. are discussed.
Redescription and a new synonym of the spider Pachygnatha amurensis Strand, 1907 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae, Tetragnathinae)
Authors: MARUSIK YURI M. , AZARKINA GALINA N. , OMELKO MIKHAIL M.
Published: August 2015

Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823, with 43 species, is the second largest genus in the subfamily Tetragnathinae. This genus occurs in the Holarctic, Africa, South and South-East Asia (WSC 2015). One quarter of its species are known from a single sex: four species are known from females and seven from males. While studying Tetragnathidae of the Far East Marusik (1989) reported over a dozen specimens belonging to Pachygnatha amurensis Strand, 1907, a species previously known from the holotype male and the original description, which was not illustrated. Recently, Pachygnatha gaoi Zhu et al., 2003 (Marusik et al. 2007) was reported from environs of Khabarovsk as a species new to Russia. Comparison of specimens identified as P. amurensis (through comparison with the holotype male) and P. gaoi revealed that they belong to the same species and the two names should be synonymised. The main goals of this paper are to provide detailed figures of P. amurensis, to synonymize P. gaoi known from both sexes and to survey the distribution of this species.
Theridion echinatum Gao & Li, 2014, a junior synonym of Theridion zonulatum Thorell, 1890 (Araneae, Theridiidae) with comments on its web architecture
Authors: SANKARAN PRADEEP M. , MALAMEL JOBI J. , JOSEPH MATHEW M. , SEBASTIAN POTHALIL A.
Published: August 2015

The spider genus Theridion was established by Walckenaer in 1805 with Theridion pictum (Walckenaer, 1802) as the type species. It is the most ‘species rich’ theridiid genus comprising 584 described species and 6 subspecies (World Spider Catalog 2015). Theridion zonulatum Thorell, 1890, ‘the zebra theridiid spider’, which is known only by the female, was described from Sumatra. Gao & Li (2014) described Theridion echinatum from the Yunnan Province in China based only on male specimens. During our surveys of Indian spiders, we came across a matching-pair of male and female theridiid spiders from the Kerala region in India. Our female spiders appeared to belong to T. zonulatum, while male spiders shared the features of T. echinatum. This led us to the conclusion that both T. zonulatum and T. echinatum are conspecific. In the present paper, we synonymise T. echinatum with T. zonulatum. The web architecture of T. zonulatum is also described.
The Relationship between Atmospheric Convective Radiative Effect and Net Energy Transport in the Tropical Warm Pool
Authors: Harrop Bryce E. , Hartmann Dennis L.
Published: August 2015

Reanalysis data and radiation budget data are used to calculate the role of the atmospheric cloud radiative effect in determining the magnitude of horizontal export of energy by the tropical atmosphere. Because tropical high clouds result in net radiative heating of the atmosphere, they increase the requirement for the atmosphere to export energy from convective regions. Increases in upper-tropospheric water vapor associated with convection contribute about a fifth of the atmospheric radiative heating anomaly associated with convection. Over the warmest tropical oceans, the radiative effect of convective clouds and associated water vapor is roughly two-thirds the value of the atmospheric energy transport. Cloud radiative heating and atmospheric heat transport increase at the same rate with increasing sea surface temperature, suggesting that the increased energy export is supplied by the radiative heating associated with convective clouds. The net cloud radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere is insensitive to changes in SST over the warm pool. Principal component analysis of satellite-retrieved cloud data reveals that the insensitivity of the net cloud radiative effect to SST is the result of changes in cloud amount offsetting changes in cloud optical thickness and cloud-top height. While increasing upward motion makes the cloud radiative effect more negative, that decrease is offset by reductions in outgoing longwave radiation owing to increases in water vapor.
Improved over-approximation method for modelling and stability analysis of networked control systems
Authors: Farsi Milad , Esfanjani Reza Mahboobi
Published: August 2015

Networked control systems (NCSs) are commonly modelled by the switched systems involving exponential non-linearities. A challenging problem is to obtain a tight linear approximation of the mentioned non-linear models to derive analysis and design criteria in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be easily handled using the well-established algorithms. The present paper introduces a novel procedure to achieve an improved polytopic over-approximation of the non-linearities emerged in the modelling of NCSs. Moreover, stability of the NCSs is analysed to verify the merits of the proposed method; to this end, a benchmark numerical example is presented to illustrate the superior performance of the suggested approximation scheme compared with the existing approaches in the literature.
Type I Thyroplasty in Previously Irradiated Patients
Authors: Rosow David E. , Al‐Bar Mohammad H.
Published: August 2015

Objectives

(1) Review and report our experience performing medialization thyroplasty (MT) in previously irradiated patients and (2) compare complications and voice outcomes in 2 cohorts (irradiated vs nonradiated) to evaluate safety and efficacy.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Subjects

All patients (44 total) who underwent MT from 2011 to 2015.

Methods

Demographic data, complications, and acoustic and subjective voice outcome parameters were collected. The complication rates and voice outcome results were compared between 2 cohorts: patients with a history of radiation to the neck versus those with no radiation history.

Results

There were 7 previously irradiated patients and 37 nonradiated patients, with median follow‐up of 314 and 538 days, respectively. One complication was noted in each group, and this complication rate was not significantly different (P =. 26). Both cohorts demonstrated significant postoperative improvement in subjective voice assessment (P =. 04, P <. 0001) as well as maximum phonation time (P =. 02,. 001) when compared with preoperative data.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that MT can be safely and effectively performed in irradiated patients. We found no statistically significant difference in the safety of performing MT in irradiated versus nonradiated patients, and there was significant improvement in subjective voice parameters and maximum phonation time in both groups. A larger prospective study is required to statistically determine whether the significant improvements in objective parameters seen in the nonradiated group are present in irradiated patients as well.
Increased Pharyngeal Reflux in Patients Treated for Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: LeBlanc Blake , Lewis Ellen , Caldito Gloria , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O.
Published: August 2015

Objective

Laryngopharyngeal reflux may cause significant morbidity in the head and neck cancer population. The goal was to determine if pharyngeal reflux is increased as a result of treatment for laryngeal cancer.

Study Design

A prospective clinical trial.

Setting

Tertiary care center.

Subjects

Head and neck cancer patients treated at LSU Health–Shreveport with a plan for total laryngectomy.

Methods

Pharyngeal pH probes with resultant reflux scores were utilized in patients with laryngeal/pharyngeal cancer with a plan for total laryngectomy.

Results

Twenty‐four patients were enrolled, of whom 10 underwent postlaryngectomy pH probe monitoring. The mean upright Ryan score for patients with prior radiotherapy was 238.4 (n = 8), compared with 22.0 (n = 16) in those without prior radiotherapy (P =. 02). The supine score was 12.7 in the radiotherapy group and 2.7 in those without radiotherapy (P =. 12). For those who completed the postlaryngectomy pH study (n = 10), the mean preoperative upright Ryan score was 106.32 ± 279.1 versus a postoperative score of 209.0 ± 352.6 (P =. 04). The mean supine preoperative Ryan score in this group was 3.9 ± 3.47, as opposed to 8.1 ± 9.6 postoperatively (P =. 13)

Conclusions

This study suggests that treatment of laryngeal cancer may increase the incidence of pharyngeal reflux. Consider screening for reflux in patients previously treated for laryngeal cancer.
Reflections on the Changing Platform of Education for the Budding Otolaryngologist
Authors: Tsai Do Betty S.
Published: August 2015

Learning is a key component to developing and maintaining competency as a physician. Traditional approaches, such as textbooks, lectures, journal articles, and cadaver laboratories, have been instrumental. With the ease in accessing information, especially via the Internet, this article discusses innovative educational strategies that have evolved from this.
Bedside Injection Medialization Laryngoplasty in Immediate Postoperative Patients
Authors: Barbu Anca M. , Gniady John P. , Vivero Richard J. , Friedman Aaron D. , Burns James A.
Published: August 2015

Objectives

The morbidity of glottic insufficiency resulting from unilateral vocal fold immobility may significantly compromise postoperative recovery in patients with decreased pulmonary reserve or inability to protect their airway. Injection medialization laryngoplasty is an effective means of treating glottic insufficiency due to unilateral vocal fold immobility. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with bedside transoral injection medialization laryngoplasty in the immediate postoperative period.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Academic tertiary care hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, procedural details, and short‐term outcome measures of oral intake were recorded in a cohort of 68 patients over 5 years with unilateral vocal cord paralysis who underwent injection medialization as a bedside procedure in the immediate postoperative period.

Results

Mean time to injection was 8.2 days postoperatively. At the time of injection, 40 of 68 patients were nil per os. Seventy percent (28 of 40) had their diet advanced to adequate oral intake within 5 days of injection. Greater than half of the injections (36 of 68) were performed in the intensive care unit. No complications were noted, and all patients in this cohort were able to tolerate the bedside injection.

Conclusion

Bedside injection medialization laryngoplasty in the immediate postoperative period via the transoral approach can be performed in patients, even in the intensive care unit, while on anticoagulation, and may be of benefit for hospitalized patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility. Further studies quantifying improvement in voice and swallowing data are merited.
A Pediatric Grading Scale for Lingual Tonsil Hypertrophy
Authors: Friedman Norman R. , Prager Jeremy D. , Ruiz Amanda G. , Kezirian Eric J.
Published: August 2015

Lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) is a common finding for children with residual obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) following an adenotonsillectomy. Secondary to the significant morbidity associated with OSA, identification and treatment of residual OSA are paramount. A dedicated LTH grading scale for children does not exist. The current adult LTH scale is impractical for children. Imaging is not routine for children, since it frequently requires sedation. We present a pediatric LTH grading scale with substantial interrater reliability to facilitate standardization of endoscopy findings and promote outcomes‐based research for OSA surgery in children.
Employer orientation in the German public employment service
Authors: Sowa Frank , Reims Nancy , Theuer Stefan
Published: August 2015

Through the introduction of welfare states and social policy, owners of labour power acquired alternatives to the permanent sale of their labour. Entitlements to social security created the conditions for a strategic temporary withholding of labour. Based on qualitative data, this article presents empirical evidence of trends towards recommodification in Germany, i.e. a reduction in the possibilities for decommodification, as a result of a new employer orientation in the public employment service (PES). The findings highlight an increased employer orientation as well as a differentiation and specialisation in placement work leading to a shift in the placement rationale encountered in the local branches of the German PES. A pure market orientation is seen to increasingly replace the social policy mandate of the PES. Strengthening employer-oriented placement services implies, on the one hand, a professionalisation of services and, on the other, a further recommodification of labour.
Residual stress distribution in a Ti–6Al–4V T-joint weld measured using synchrotron X-ray diffraction
Authors: Xu Lei , Zhang Shu-Yan , Sun Wei , McCartney David G , Hyde Thomas H , James Jon , Drakopoulos Michael
Published: August 2015

To improve the manufacturing quality of welded structures, to prevent failures at weld joints and to predict their lifetime, measurements of the residual stresses generated by welding in the structures are extremely useful. The residual stresses may reduce the component life due to phenomena that occur at low applied stresses such as brittle fracture, fatigue and stress corrosion cracking. Welded thin Ti–6Al–4V panel components are commonly found in aero-engine assemblies and the weld integrity and reliability are critical. In this work, the residual stress distributions in a welded thin Ti–6Al–4V T-joint were measured by the newly developed SScanSS program with synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique. The measurement performed in this study, which included a large number of measurement points, has mapped a complete stress field in a thin sheet T-joint weld. It has not only provided improved understanding of residual stress in such a joint but also filled the missing link between the residual stress obtained by numerical modelling and their validation. The results have shown that the longitudinal stresses play the most important role in the residual stress distribution over the flange and high tensile stresses appear in the region near the weld zone. The measured results were compared with the numerically predicted results and these showed good agreement.
From glanders to globulins: A study in comparative medicine
Authors: Watkins PE
Published: August 2015

The anti-globulin test was described in 1945, and ever since has been synonymous with the lead author, Robin Coombs, a young veterinary surgeon, at that time embarking on a career in immunological research. This was marked by a number of important contributions in the field, including the description and categorisation of hypersensitivity reactions, co-authored with Philip Gell. Together they wrote the classical text, Clinical Aspects of Immunology, which has been updated and republished over the ensuing 50 years. Although Robin Coombs is best remembered for his contributions to medical immunology, he made a number of significant early advances in the field of veterinary immunology.
Emerging Challenges for Managing People in New Business Scenario
Authors: SAINI DEBI S.
Published: August 2015

The new business era of liberalization, privatization and globalization has sent shock waves to business houses that were operating in sheltered market environment. There is a complete ambience of threats to jobs and business and how to cope with these threats. The challenge of managing human resources is of considerable concern in the present circumstances. Management of human resource practices, organizational learning, benchmarking, diversity management and leading versus managing are the major issues which need consideration by those who need to be best performers in tremulous business environment.
What Are The Management Schools Doing
Authors: Uberoi N.K.
Published: August 2015

The management institutions in India are lagging behind in so far as teaching EMS is concerned. The reasons for this are analysed. These include Government inertia, insensitivity of business and industry and chambers of commerce, scarcity of faculty and teaching materials and apathy of public. Case Study of IMT is cited in support of the some of the reasons. Students - managers if offered course(s) in EMS can acquire necessary skills that would help them in decision making process. It has been pointed out that industry has a major share in causing damage to environment, therefore it must be involved in formulating curriculum in EMS and should sponsor environment related courses. Environmental and resource management consultancy is another virgin area for the purpose of employment of student-managers.
Liberalization of Consumer Goods: Issues, Status and Impact
Authors: Pohit Sanjib
Published: August 2015

The liberalization of consumer goods imports and its effect on Indian industries has been a topic of debate in recent times. However, most of the debate has been more on theoretical conjectures than on empirical findings. In this paper, we have analysed firstly the extent of quantitative restrictions (QRs) on consumer goods imports vis-a-vis other imports and then the implications of their relaxation using a computable general equilibrium model for India. Our findings suggest that the Indian industries do not suffer significantly due to freeing of consumer imports. On the other hand, the economy experiences small positive gains from efficient use of resources.
Strategy Formulation and Implementation with Core Competencies: A Comparative Study of Two Organizations
Authors: Kak Anjana , Sushil
Published: August 2015

In order to sustain or stay competitive in the world markets, a firm's management needs to shift towards a more specific and sharper strategic focus. An attempt has been made here to find out the strategy formulation and implementation with core competencies. The study is based on the Flexible Systems Methodology and conducted through interviews. Two organisations have been taken for this purpose and cases have been developed for each organization. The study reveals that there is a need for proper understanding of core competencies and flexible approach of organizations to make the concept more effective. The core competence perspective must be the central subject of corporate strategy.
Further Evidence on Weak Form Efficiency in the Indian Stock Market
Authors: Kumar S.S.S.
Published: August 2015

The important function of stock market is to allocate funds to the most productive sectors of the economy. Stock markets must be efficient in the sense that an investor cannot gain abnormal profit consistently based on some trading rule in predicting the stock price. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the trends in some selected Asian stock markets viz., Hongkong, Singapore, Japan and Philippines can be used to predict stock price trends in India. This study examines the Indian stock market's efficiency in the cointegration frame work. The results indicate that Indian Stock market is weak form efficient.
An OR- Approach Based on Markov Modelling To Analyse Immigration Process
Authors: Venugopal N. , Mehary Tesfa-Yesus , Rao K.S.
Published: August 2015

Population Change is a fascinating area of investigation attracting big interest of demographers in current times.

In this paper, we attempt to introduce dynamic stochasticity through Markov models (See [3]) and employ the well known technique of ABC-Analysis (See [2]) to the immigration data and predict future state probabilities of the immigration process through ȁCsteady state” (See [31). To our knowledge, this is the first time that such a methodology is developed synthesising techniques in the theories of OR and Stochastic processes to investigate into the random phenomenon of migration.

The theoretical results are supported by empirical work on the immigration data of Eritrea, during 1994 through 1997.
Quantitative Decision Making: A Case of Route Selection for Laying Cross Country Petroleum Pipelines
Authors: Kumar Dey PROF. Prashant
Published: August 2015

Selection of route for laying cross country petroleum pipeline is governed by the factors like shortest distance between supply and demand points, constructability, minimum effect on environment, approachability etc.

This paper establishes a decision support system (DSS) for pipeline route selection with the application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multi-attribute decision making technique. AHP allows the consideration of all factors in interactive way with the intervention of decision-makers. The application of the model has been demonstrated through a case of pipeline route selection from Indian perspective. The cost- benefit comparison of shortest route (conventionally selected) and optimal route establishes the effectiveness of the model.
Explaining “Power to”
Authors: Ravazzi Stefania , Belligni Silvano
Published: August 2015

The urban regime theory has placed the decisional power of urban policy makers in the foreground. From this perspective, enduring governing coalitions can in fact manage to change the consolidated urban policy mix to foster great changes in the social and economic context. The urban regime theory labels this capacity “power to.” Although this higher capacity has frequently been affirmed, the literature has neglected to look at the framing mechanisms and the policy-making processes that allow a new agenda to emerge and be implemented. The present article has the aim of addressing this matter and in particular of trying to answer two main questions: (1) If an incubation phase lays the foundations for the emergence of a new policy agenda, how does this process take place? (2) Is the new agenda a by-product of sectorial policy negotiations or is it the output of a collective effort? The findings of an in-depth analysis of a case study are presented and discussed to address these questions.
A new theme within public health science for increased life quality
Authors: Björk Evastina
Published: August 2015

In 2006 the Nordic Council of Ministers concluded that there was need for education and training in how to plan and design society to enable people to live active, independent, and full lives without adding supplementary, segregating adjustments or expensive specialised solutions, especially for the elderly or persons with disabilities. The universal design (UD) concept became a public health issue for all Nordic countries. The first academic educational-training initiative in universal design was initiated at the Nordic School of Public Health (NHV) in 2006. Thereafter, a number of UD courses were held for professionals mainly from the Nordic countries who worked with development and creation of the public arena. In 2011 the first diploma programme in universal design was established at NHV. A new field in public health research was also established and a number of publications in scientific journals, presentations at Nordic and international conferences, together with seminars and workshops have established a solid ground for further development of the field in the Nordic countries.
Vascularized posterior interosseous pedicled bone grafting for infected forearm nonunion
Authors: Kamrani R. S. , Farhoud A. , Nabian M. H. , Zanjani L. O. , Farzan M.
Published: August 2015

Infected forearm nonunion is challenging to treat. We have used a vascularized pedicled bone graft from the distal ulna based on the posterior interosseous artery to treat forearm nonunion with current or previous signs of infection in six patients. Bone union was achieved after a mean of 3.8 months. After a mean follow-up of 25.7 months, no signs of persistent or reactivation of infection were seen in any patient. The mean Quick DASH score significantly improved from 77.4 to 17.6. In addition, the active range of motion of the wrist improved significantly after surgery. In our patients, a vascularized posterior interosseous pedicled bone from the distal ulna is a reliable vascularized bone graft for managing infected forearm nonunion.

The Level of evidence of this study is 4.
Glioblastoma complicated by fatal malignant acute ischemic stroke: MRI finding to assist in tricky surgical decision
Authors: Amelot Aymeric , Baronnet-Chauvet Flore , Fioretti Edith , Mathon Bertrand , Cornu Philippe , Nouet Aurélien , Chauvet Dorian
Published: August 2015

Background

In most cases, glioblastomas are associated with seizures, headaches, neurological deficits, aphasia, or bleeding. But these tumors are rarely associated with cerebral infarction and never so deadly.

Case report

A 40-year-old man presented with sudden morning isolated aphasia. One hour later, he developed a motor deficit at right upper member, quickly completed with a total right hemiplegia. Imaging studies revealed a left frontotemporal enhancing glioblastoma with a perilesional edema which produced an important mass effect on the posterior arm of the external capsule, on the primary motor cortex posteriorly and the entire sylvian valley anteriorly. Due to major surgical risks associated with left middle cerebral artery (MCA) inclusion and large edema, we decided to postpone the tumor removal and introduce quickly high concentrations of steroids. Twenty-four hours after his admittance, the patient presented a sudden impaired consciousness, coma, and a left mydriasis. A brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed a left malignant MCA infarction, deadly for the patient.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, glioblastomas complicated by fatal ischemic stroke have not been reported. We discuss the pathology of such an event and try to figure out if it was predictable based on MRI finding, and inevitable with precocious surgery.
Bottoms up: How subnational elections predict parties’ decisions to run in presidential elections in Europe and Latin America
Authors: Spoon Jae-Jae , West Karleen Jones
Published: August 2015

Do parties’ experiences in subnational elections predict when parties enter national competition and compete for the presidency? Building upon the party nationalization literature, we argue that a party’s presence in elections across subnational units and its subsequent performance in these elections are determining factors for whether it enters the presidential race. To conduct our analysis, we have assembled an original dataset on parties’ presence and performance in subnational elections and presidential entry in 17 countries in Europe and Latin America from 1990 to 2013. We find that a party’s presence and performance in subnational elections are significant predictors of its decision to run for president, even when the party ran in the previous election and when the elections are concurrent. These findings have important implications for understanding how subnational elections relate to national party systems and democratic representation, more generally.
Anal Cancer Screening in an Urban HIV Clinic
Authors: Sowah Leonard Anang , Buchwald Ulrike K. , Riedel David J. , Gilliam Bruce L. , Khambaty Mariam , Fantry Lori , Spencer Derek E. , Weaver Jeffery , Taylor Gregory , Skoglund Mary , Amoroso Anthony , Redfield Robert R.
Published: August 2015

In this article, we sought to understand the perceptions and practice of providers on anal cancer screening in HIV-infected patients. Providers in an academic outpatient HIV practice were surveyed. Data were analyzed to determine the acceptability and perceptions of providers on anal Papanicolaou tests. Survey response rate was 55.3% (60.7% among male and 47.4% among female providers). One-third of the providers had received screening requests from patients. Female providers had higher self-rated comfort with anal Papanicolaou tests, with a mean score of 7.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7-9.5) compared to 3.6 (95% CI 1.5-5.7) for male providers, P = .02. Sixty-seven percent of male providers and 37.5% of female providers would like to refer their patients for screening rather than perform the test themselves. Only 54.2% of our providers have ever performed anal cytology examination. Our survey revealed that not all providers were comfortable performing anal cancer screening for their patients.
Development of an mHealth Intervention (iSTEP) to Promote Physical Activity among People Living with HIV
Authors: Montoya Jessica L. , Wing David , Knight Adam , Moore David J. , Henry Brook L.
Published: August 2015

A randomized controlled trial is being conducted in the United States to test the efficacy of a personalized interactive mobile health intervention (iSTEP) designed to increase physical activity (PA) and improve neurocognitive functioning among HIV-positive persons. This article describes an initial qualitative study performed to develop iSTEP for the HIV-positive population, including assessment of PA barriers and facilitators. Two focus groups, with 9 and 12 unique HIV-positive individuals, respectively, were administered to evaluate barriers limiting PA and potential iSTEP content created to encourage greater PA. Group discussions revealed prominent PA barriers, including HIV symptoms (neuropathy, lipoatrophy), antiretroviral medication effects, and fatigue; significant PA facilitators included self-monitoring and family support. Participants provided feedback on strategies to increase PA and expressed positive support for a mobile intervention adapted to personal priorities. These findings will assist the development of novel PA interventions focused on treating the epidemic of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.