bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen gynecological side effects
Authors: .J. E.Alsereah Ghufran
Published: January 2024

Prospective comparative study done in basrah maternity and child hospital over a period of two years from 2002- 2004 , on breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen which is estrogen receptors modulators with paradoxical effects ( agonist on some tissue and antagonist on others. This study aimed To compare side effect of tamoxifen on both studied groups Premenopausal and postmenopausal.This study included96 Symptomatic pre and postmenopausal breast cancer treated patients with tamoxifen assassed by history and then examination was performedThen endometrium assessed by transabdominal ultrasound to check thickness then almost all patients subjected to endometrial biopsy under general anesthesia, about 45.8% of patients between 50-60 years of age 41.6% of patients had advanced stages of cancer , vaginal bleeding which is the most common symptom symptoms presented in 68.7% ,while 22.8% , 8.28% had vaginal discharge and pain respectively.ultrasound findings showed 22.9% endometrial thickness less than 6mm , 41.6% endometrial thickness 1 cm and more ,10.3% showed polyps and fibroid . no statistical difference between pre and postmenopausal inUSS findings with p value = 7.81, x2= 13.7, df=321.2% showed atrophic endometrium, 16.9% showed endometrial hyperplasia , bulk 44.6% showed non secretory ( proliferative) , with no cases of endometrial carcinoma . No, statistical difference between pre and postmenopausal findingsP value = 9.49 , x2 8.652 , df= 4 .In conclusion the main sharing symptoms in both groups was vaginal bleeding, USS had a poor predictive value in detecting changes in both studied groupOur study did not confirm risk of endometrial carcinoma , with no statistical difference in risk of hyperplasia between pre and postmenopausal studied groups.
Environmental Pollution and Risk of Congenital Anomalies in Al-Diwaniya Governorate
Authors: Jabor  Suhail Hadi
Published: January 2024

Analytic study, conducted on 15 cases of congenital deformity of the newborn babies in the maternity and children's teaching  hospital in Diwaniya for the period from the first of January until the end of December 2014 (6 males and 9 females) , were recorded cases include cardiac defects ,  urinary system anomalies ,  neural tube defects , cleft  lip 'and Down syndrom.

      The largest percentage is cardiac malformations and abnormalities of the urinary system,

the proportion of malformations among females were more than in males , for the place of residence was a al- Jumhoory locality  in  the top of the other 'as to the nature of the environment there  were no any strange environmental phenomenon or different from other regions environment' except  al- Jumhoory locality  had seen very violent military conflicts.
A study of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Changes in Multiple Sclerosis Using Optical Coherence Tomography in Nassiriyha city
Authors: Saad Bunian Wajida
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive relatively inexpensive technique that allows the quantitative cross sectional imaging of the RNFL. It has been used predominantly to investigate retinal axonal loss in glaucoma. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness as a structural biomarker for axonal loss in multiple sclerosis regardless the frank history of previous attack of optic neuritis. We evaluated the relationship between RNFL changes and the patients' age and duration of the disease. We also studied the correlation between the RNFL thickness and patients' clinical data as BCVA, history suggestive of optic neuritis as well as optic disc appearance by fundoscopy.
The Prevalence of Anticardiolipin Antibodies in women with Bad Obstetric History
Authors: Mudher Al-Hilli Nadia , Mohammad Al-Mosawi Hadi
Published: January 2024

Background: Bad obstetric history (BOH) implies previous unfavorable fetal outcome in terms of two or more consecutive spontaneous abortions, early neonatal deaths, stillbirths, intrauterine fetal deaths, intrauterine growth retardation and congenital anomalies. The immune factors associated with pregnancy loss are classified as autoimmune and alloimmune factors. The autoimmune factors include the synthesis of autoantibodies (anti-phospholipid antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-thyroid antibodies). The main types of antiphospholipid antibodies are Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) and Anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies (IgG & IgM).Objective: To measure the level of anticardiolipin antibodies in the sera of women with bad obstetric history.Patients & method: the study was conducted from October 2009 till June 2011 including 117 patients who attended private clinic & laboratory. Patients included in the sudy were those with history of two or more recurrent miscarriages, intrauterine fetal death & stillbirth. Fetal losses due to diabetes or congenital anomalies were excluded.Serum levels of anticardiolipin IgM & IgG antibodies were measured using AESKULISA phospholipid-Screen-GM (Germany) which is a solid phase enzyme immunassay for the separate qualitative & quantitative detection of IgG and /or IgM antibodies in human sera.Results: from the total of 117 patients with BOH fourteen (11.96%) had positive anticardiolipin antibodies in their sera. When comparing between the different groups of patient who were classified according to the type of fetal loss the highest number & percentage of positive anticardiolipin antibody were found in those with three & more recurrent miscarriages (4 cases, 57.14%). When comparing the IgM & IgG levels in different patients groups, the highest levels were found in those with three & more recurrent miscarriages.Conclusion: Anticardiolipin antibodies can have a positive association in women with bad obstetric history especially those with three & more recurrent miscarrigages. The level of IgM & IgG is highest in this group however these antibodies should be looked for in other patients with BOH
A comparison of conjunctival rotation flap and autoconjunctival graft techniques in pterygium surgery at aldiwaniah teaching hospital from 2007_2013
Authors: Abdalameer hadi Hassanen , Hassan alrikabi Hassanen
Published: January 2024

purpose: to compare the result of conjunictival flap and autograft in term of recurrence rate and complication in Pterygium surgery.Methods: A total of sixty patients(twenty five male and thirty five female) operated for pterygium with conjunctival autografts(in 25 eyes) or conjuctival flap(in 35 eyes) technique at diwanyia teaching hospital and with 18 months follow-up were registered. Patients were called for voluntary examinations of their respective ocular surface status.Result: Mean age was 42.5 years (range, 23â€“75), 58.33% of the patients were male, and 75% worked predominantly outdoors. Mean follow-up was 12 months (range, 3â€“18)Recurrence rate was 8%in graft,8.6%in flap, however edema was less in flap and granuloma was nil in both.Conclusions: After a long follow-up period for autograft and conjunctival flap pterygium surgery, there were no statistically significant differences in recurrence rates ,as well as flap is faster and easier technique with less postoperative edema.
Estimation of tear film break up time in normal peoples of Diwaniya,Iraq
Authors: Aswad. Al-Hemidawi Haider
Published: January 2024

Objective: to estimate tear film break- up time , a test of tear film stability in normal Iraqi population.

Material and method: 286 normal subjects ( 146 male and 140 female ) age from 12 to 78 years were participated in this study, tear break -up time is estimated using impregnated fluorescein strip wetted with normal saline and the measurement is done in one room with stable temperature and door closed , three readings for each subject and the mean is taken .

Results: The

Objective: to estimate tear film break- up time , a test of tear film stability in normal Iraqi population.

Material and method: 286 normal subjects ( 146 male and 140 female ) age from 12 to 78 years were participated in this study, tear break -up time is estimated using impregnated fluorescein strip wetted with normal saline and the measurement is done in one room with stable temperature and door closed , three readings for each subject and the mean is taken .

Results: The mean TBUT in this study was 15.3 second with SD 4.7 ( range from 6-28s), the study show TBUT to be  decreased with age, The study show significant difference in result between male and female.

Conclusion : The tear break -up time (TBUT)values in this study are comparable to those reported for Asian population but much less than those for western population; there is significant difference between gender and the results  tend to decrease with age.
Immunoflourecent Staining Detect the Prognostic significance of M2 macrophage
Authors: AbdulAlla Hussain Aseel , Abdulmajeed     Altamemi Ibrahim , Wali Ali Thair
Published: January 2024

Tumor cells use multiple mechanisms to invade extracellular matrix and metastasize to distant organs. The interaction between the tumor cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor associated macrophage (TAM) are prominent stromal cells in this interaction. They secret a variety of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes that regulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Macrophages show two polarization states in response to different micro-environmental signals. M1macrophages are pro-inflammatory and function as bactericidal and antigen-presenting cells. M2 macrophages have an immunosuppressive phenotype.

Thus the aim of current study is to find out whether there is prognostic value  for M2 macrophage that infiltrating colorectal tumor tissue through linking its expression level with tumor histopathological variables by using immunoflourecent technique. Further more to find if there an association for M2 macrophage with tumor cell proliferation by using Ki67 as a proliferation marker.

Current study found that the Mean Ki67 score was significantly higher in patients than in control group, (P<0.001), moreover the common macrophage mean CD68+ macrophages, and M2 macrophage (CD163+) count was significantly higher in patients than in control group  (P<0.001, P<0.001), respectively. I addition present study demonstrated that the M2 macrophage (CD163+) count showed significant correlation with tumor grade (P<0.001), LN involvement (P<0.001), stage (P<0.001), and Ki67% (P<0.001).  However, when the ratio of CD68/CD163was considered, the following results were obtained: there was no significant correlation between CD68/CD163 ratio and both of tumor stage and LN involvement (P>0.219, P>0.468 respectively). While there was significant correlation between CD68/CD163 ratio and tumor grade (p<0.03).

From above results one can conclude that high expression of CD163 macrophages is associated with poor prognosis and from other hand could be targeted by immune therapy to lower the progression of colorectal cancer.
Overexpression of p53 gene has an important role in induction and progression of breast carcinoma
Authors: A. Al-hamadawi Hussein , A. Al-Janabi Assad , W. Al-bider1 Adnan
Published: January 2024

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, accounting for 23% of all female cancers around the globe. breast cancer molecular disease occurs  due to the alteration in the genes that control cell growth and proliferation , such as HRE2/neu, c-MYC, K-RAS, RB, P53,PTEN,BRCA1 and BRCA2. The p53 tumor suppressor gene is located on chromosome 17p13, consists of 11 exons and encodes a53-kDa nuclear phosphoprotein, that has a very important function in many cellular processes, such as cell-cycle control, DNA repair , apoptosis and gene transcription. p53  is the most common mutated gene in human cancers , including breast. The aim of this study was to  study  the correlation between the overexpression of p53 and  clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer patient.  The current study included 85 sample of Paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues, which were analyzed for p53 overexpression by immunohistochemistry. We also studies correlation between  p53 overexpression and clinicopathological parameters. 

The results have clarified that 64.7% (55 out of 85) of cases of breast cancer had high expression of  P53 immunostaining in their histological sections ,while 35.3% of cases were negative for p53 expression. The p53 expression was significantly correlated high grade and stage as well as age group less than 50 years ,and there was no significant correlation between p53 expression and gender of patient, lymph node status, tumor size, tumor site and histological types.

 Conclusion: These results demonstrated the overexpression of p53 in more than  half of breast cancer cases and that overexpression of p53 was well correlated with grade and stage as well as young  age group less than 50 years breast cancer patients.
Intussusceptions Analysis of 57 cases of intussusceptions at Alkarama Teaching Hospital Wassit-Al-kut
Authors: Ibraheem Khaleel Haider , Ali Abed Ahmad Hussein
Published: January 2024

This is a prospective study of 57 cases of intussusception who were admitted to the Alkarama Teaching Hospital   inAl-kut   from the 1st of October 2011 to the 1st of March  2014.

      Age ranging was from one month to three years and the mean age was (6 months); the commonest age group affected was those between (6-12) months , the male: female ratio was (1.7:1) , the disease was more prevalent in  spring time  . 

       The  cardinal  symptoms  were  abdominal  pain in 55 patients (96.5%), followed by the passage of red currant jelly stool in 50 patients (87.7%)   and  vomiting  was  present   in  45 patients (78.9%).

      The most common sign  was   abdominal mass in 31 patients (54.4%)  .  

      Most of the patients 35 (61.4%) presented in the (24-48) hours from onset of symptoms.

      In diagnosis  we depended mostly on the clinical picture of the disease supported by plain abdominal x-ray , ultrasonography as  Barium enema  was  not feasible.  

      Surgical management was the only option for alatients. Simple  manual reduction   of the bowel with appendectomy was the procedure in 44 (77.2%) of patients and in 7 patients  (12.3%) resection was done due to gangrenous bowel with primary anastamosis which was not possible in one of them (1.8%) and ended with ileostomy

     Six patients (10.5%)   had secondary intussusception and in 4 of them , Meckel`s diverticulum was the lead point  and the other 2 cases the polyps were the cause and all were treated by resection and primary anastamosis. Postoperative complications were recorded in 21 patients (36.8%)    and   mortality  rate  was  recorded  in   one  patient (1.8%).
Predictive factors for strangulated intestinal obstruction
Authors: Hasan Sagir Imad , Kadum Kredi Usama
Published: January 2024

This prospective study was carried out on 160 patients with acute intestinal obstruction admitted to the surgical unit at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital from January 2012 to June 2013 .The patients were divided, according to the results of treatment , into two groups : (1) patients who received early operation (76 patients ) , and (2) patients who received initial conservative treatment with nasogastric decompression and observation (84 patients). The conservative treatment was successful in 52 patients but in 32 patients, delayed operation was required .There were 54 cases of strangulated intestinal obstruction (33.75%) and 106 cases of simple obstruction (66.25%) .The causes of obstruction were adhesions in 52.5%, obstructed external hernia in 20%, tumor in 10% ,intussusception in 5% and miscellaneous group of causes which accounts for 12.5% of patients. There was positive correlation between bowel strangulation and the following factors: constant abdominal pain, feculent vomiting ,generalized tenderness ,rebound tenderness , rigidity ,absent bowel sounds, tachycardia (PR >110\ min.) , fever (temperature >38ËšC), signs of shock (systolic BP <90 mmHg) and WBC count above 18000\mm3.The mean period of conservative treatment was 48 hours and the period of hospitalization was shorter in the conservative group as compared with the operative group . The morbidity was less in the conservative group than in the operative group. There was no death in the conservative group, while in the operative group the mortality rate was 7.4%. The mortality was closely related to the age, and the state of bowel involved by obstruction , since most deaths occurred in old aged patients and in patients with gangrenous bowel.
Quantification of Inha, Inhba, and Inhbb genes expression levels in Wister rat testis during Pre- and Post-Pubertal Stages
Authors: A.A.Al-Sa'aidi Jabbar , W.M. Al-Bedari Adnan , A.G. Al-Tameemi Widad
Published: January 2024

The present study has been designed to quantitate the mRNA expression level of testicular Inha, Inhba, and Inhbb genes at pre- and post-pubertal stages of male Wister rats. Fifty male Wister rats (25 immature and 25 mature) were used in the present study. At pre-pubertal stage, 5 male rats of 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 days old, and at post-pubertal stage, 5 male rats of 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75 days old were anasthetized and testis were obtained for molecular study to investigate the expression levels of Inha, Inhba, and Inhbb genes using qRT- PCR. The expression level of Inha gene in testis decreased as the age progress until 40 day period, and then slightly increased at 45 day period. At 55 day period, the expression significantly increased. At 60 and 65 periods, the levels recorded no increase, but 70 and 75 day periods recorded significant increase. The expression level of Inhba gene increased significantly as the age progress at the pre-pubertal stage, where the highest level was recorded at 45 day. At 55, 60, and 65 day periods, the highest expression level has been recorded, thenafter, the levels decreased at 70 and 75 day periods. The expression level of Inhbb gene increased significantly at 30, 35, 40, and 45 day periods of the pre-pubertal stage. At 55 and 60 day periods, no significant difference was recorded compared with 45 day period. At 65 day period, the highest level was recorded, thenafter, the levels decreased at 70 and 75 day periods. It can be concluded that fold changes of Inha, Inhba, and Inhbb genes in testis, correlated with the alterations of inhibins and activins concentrations at different periods of pre- and post-pubertal stages of male Wister rats life.
Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from human being in Wasit province / Iraq
Authors: N. A'aiz Noaman
Published: January 2024

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects almost all-warm blooded animals and human beings. No really data is known of genetic diversity of T. gondii in human in Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of T. gondii isolates from human in Wasit province, east Iraq.Methods: A total of 508 clinical specimens (blood 500 and placenta 8) of women were initially examined serologically by ELISA, and further tested by RT-PCR technique through B1 gene amplification to confirm the infection with T. gondii. Then the positive DNA samples were assayed for genetic characterizations depend upon nested PCR-RFLP of SAG2 gene.Results: Out of 508 tested samples only 15 were confirmed positive T. gondii DNA. The genotyping assay revealed that 6.6% (1/15), 13.3% (2/15) and 80% (12/15) of examined isolates represent the genotypes of I, III and II respectively.Conclusion: The type II appeared is a dominant picture in human being in Wasit province / Iraq.
Estimation of Peripheral Retinal degenerations in myopia.
Authors: Aswad Layikh Haider
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate the peripheral retinal degenerations rate in myopic subjects, and compare the results between different degrees of myopia.Methods: subjects with different degrees of myopia who attended the consultations in Al-Diwaniya teaching hospital during the period from 1st Dec. 2014 to 1st of March 2015 got involved in this study, they were examined and peripheral retinal degeneration assessed and recorded.Results: The study included 237 patients with a mean age of 41.93 Â±13.16 years and an age range of 18-65 years. Male patients accounted for 131 (55.3%) whereas female patients accounted for 106 (44.7%) with a male to female ratio of 1.24: 1. Mean refraction was -4.72 Â± -3.05 D and ranged from -18.1 to -1.1 D. lattice degeneration was found in 64 patients (27.0%), while snail track degeneration was found in 11 patients (4.6%), results showed no significant relation between age, gender with the incidence of peripheral retinal degenerations while its clearly increasing in incidence with increasing degree of myopia .Conclusion: The incidence of peripheral retinal degeneration is more in high myopia subjects , although Low& moderate myopic subject still have considerable rate of peripheral retinal degeneration
Synergistic effect of Lawsonia inermis and Peganum harmala aqueous extracts on in vitro growth of Leishmania tropica promastigotes comparison to Sodium Stibogluconate
Authors: Al-Ogaili Niran
Published: January 2024

Promastigotes of genus Leishmania are transmitted by Phlebotomus sandflies bites. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in southern parts of Iraq. Lawsonia inermis (henna) leaves contain several active compounds that have antiprotozoal activity, as well as, Peganum harmala possess several alkaloids with antiprotozoal properties. In this study, MTT assay was used to assess the antileishmanial activity of L. inermis and P. harmala aqueous extracts in comparison to pentavalent antimonial drug( sodium stibogluconate) on in vitro promastigotes of Leishmania tropica. L. inermis and P. harmala extracts were prepared in concentrations of (5%, 2.5% and 1.25%) and (10%, 5% and 2.5%) respectively. Also, combinations of various concentrations were prepared to assess the synergistic effect of both plants on promastigotes. Inhibition rate was calculated for each extract concentration and their combinations. Statistical analysis showed a significant(P<0.01) inhibition of promastigotes of L.tropica by both extracts of low and moderate concentrations, while higher concentrations had no inhibitory effect in comparison to sodium stibogluconate solution.. The combination of extracts showed a strong inhibitory effect in comparison to individual extracts of plants. Synergism was obvious when both extracts were combined.
Distribution of Granulicatella adiacens and Porphyromonas gingivalis among ortho and non-orthodontic Patients with Gingivitis in Kufa City /Iraq.
Authors: Hussain abbas Manar , Kadhum Al- yasseen Ahlam , Wahab Alhamadi Wisam
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the distribution of Granulicatella adiacens and Porphyromonas gingivalis and the role of orthodontic wire on antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates. A total of 78 gingival swab samples have been collected from patient with orthodontic wires suffering from gingivitis and 71 samples were collected from healthy without orthodontic wire during four months from private dental clinics.The results of isolation and identification of bacterial isolates by using culture and conventional biochemical tests as well as molecular technique using 16S rRNA for detection of G. adiacens and insertion seqence element IS1126 for detection of P. gingivalis showed that 54 (29.6%) isolates were belong to G adiacens and 4 isolates were belong to P gingivalis.To explain the role of orthodontic wires on bacterial isolates a mutation experiment was carried out. The result showed the same change has been obtained when using both NiTi and stainless steel wire on G. adiacens and P. gingivalis after 24hr-96hr of incubation. Antibiotic resistance pattern of both original and treated isolates with NiTi and stainless steel showed increased in antibiotic resistance to bacitracin, ceftazidim, ogmentin, and erythromycin while other antibiotic remain sensitive such as cefotaxim and amikacin for all isolates.
Use of isotretnion to decrease recurrence of chalazion
Authors: Adil Hashim Al-Hassnawi Zainab
Published: January 2024

Chalazion; is a nodular swelling occur as a result of accumulation of sebaceous secretions from abnormally functioned sebaceous glands situated in the eye lid causing ocular surface problems like dryness , irritation and refractive error due to pressure effect on the cornea in addition to cosmetic blemish ,topical treatment usually ineffective so we do surgical drainage . isotretnion is one derivatives of retinol a chemical name of the essential micronutrients vitamin A which have important role in human reproduction and development in addition this drug is well known by dermatologist and it is commonly used for treatment of seborrhea and other skin problems related to sebaceous glands. This present cross sectional study was done at AL-Diwaniah teaching hospital(ophthalmology department) at AL-Diwaniah city from September 2014- January 2017 ,110 patients (63 female,47 male) ,between 17-35years old are involved in this study attend ophthalmological department complaining from recurrent (or multiple) chalazion ,those patients had been given isotretnion orally a dose of 20 mg/day for10 - 12 weeks and followed for 6-12 months for re appearance of chalazion the result show decrease in the recurrence rate of chalazion with improvement in the tear film quality and ocular lubrication.
N-terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide in Apparently Healthy Smokers.
Authors: Badr Mohammed Seenaa , Falah Hassan Zainab , Mohammed Juda Thanaa , Abdulameer Kitab Maan , Abbass ali Zinah
Published: January 2024

Background and objective Smoking is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a valid negative biomarker of left ventricular (Lv) dysfunction. The current study investigated whether smoking has an effect on NT-proBNP serum level. Methods: A total of 44subjects 22smokers and 22 non smokers as controls were enrolled in the study. History of cardiovascular or pulmonary disease was an exclusion criterion. Serum levels of NT-proBNP were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Analysis of data showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05, in serum NT-proBNP between smokers and controls.proBNP were 410 and 111 pg/ml in smokers and controls, respectively. Also, serum NT-proBNP level correlated with both average number of daily cigarettes smoked and body mass index of smokers. Conclusion These results showed that smoking could increase serum levels of NT-proBNP. Accordingly, an elevated NT-proBNP could be a strong predictor of Left ventricular dysfunction in smokers.
Histopathological study on maternal pancreas, placenta and fetal pancreas at 18th day postgestation of streptozotocin induced maternal diabetic rats (Rattus norvegicus), and the effect of n-butanolic extract of celery seeds (Apium graveolens)
Authors: Khalil AlMalaak Maha , Abd Ali Almansour Nasir , Miran Hussein Zahida
Published: January 2024

The study is designed to clarify the influence of induced maternal diabetes mellitus on placenta and the fetus at 18th day of gestation. Diabetes mellitus was induced in (24) female's rats (Rattus norvegicus) before mating by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg of animal body weight) one dose intrapersonal injection, all animals were isolated and divided into two groups (non-diabetic and diabetic group), each group was composed of (12) female, also each group was subdivided into two groups, healthy females group as control and the subgroup treated with n-butanolic extract of celery seeds (60 mg/kg of body weight daily). The diabetic group also had been subdivided into two groups, another one of them had been treated with celery seeds extraction, and one had diabetes mellitus without treatment. There were many macroscopic observations reported by the current study,  include the still birth in addition to differences in size between the fetuses which was tend to increased (macrosomia) in the diabetic groups resulted from hyperglycemic mother. Microscopic study detected harmful effects of diabetes mellitus on the tissues, while in the other hand there are a regeneration in islets of Langerhans when treated the animals with n-butanolic extraction of celery seeds with slightly heal in certain points in tissues, also had seen  some of the side effects of treated with extract.
Prevalence of under nutrition and associated maternal risk factors in children under five years of age in Babylon 2013
Authors: Abdul Abbas Ahmed , Kuhtan Mohammed Sura
Published: January 2024

Background:Malnutrition is one of most serious world health problems and is the major cause of illness and death throughout the world. It is associated with about half of all child death. It affects physical growth, morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, reproduction, and physical work capacity, and it consequently impact on human performance, health and survival. Thus, when attempting to reduce child mortality, monitoring and reducing the prevalence of malnutrition in vulnerable population is essential. Malnutrition is an outcome of various factors resulting from unfavorable socioeconomic circumstances.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of undernutrition (wasting, stunting and underweight) and associated maternal risk factors of children under 5years in Babylon.

Methods:  Across-sectional study design was used to study a group of 400 children, aged 2- 60 months. The sample was convenient, the data collected from four health centers during the period from 25th of February to 10th of May 2013. Assessment of maternal risk factors for child malnutrition was accomplished through a structured questionnaire used to interview child’s mother. The anthropometric measurements were assessed according to standard techniques used to calculate z-score for height for age (stunting), weight for height (wasting) and weight for age (underweight). As reference curve, the World Health Organization Child Growth Standard was used

Results: The prevalence of malnutrition of children under five years in Babylon was 19.25% found as 15% for stunting, 3%for wasting and 4.75% for underweight. The majority 52% were males, 48% were females. Malnutrition was higher among children aged 13-24months (35%) and higher among family who had three or more children less than 5 years (16%). Also the study revealed that malnutrition was higher among mothers who had primary education (62%). Higher prevalence (66%) was present among children who live in rural area. In this study, the prevalence of acute malnutrition (wasting) was higher among infant aged 2-12 months (84%) and higher prevalence of wasting (50%) among those children who had history of illness (acute or chronic).

Conclusion: There was high prevalence of malnutrition in Babylon and there are several risk factors associated with malnutrition. Prominent risk factors include low educated mothers, child age, child birth order, high numbers of children under five years and living in rural area.
Zinc status among children with bronchial asthma in central child's teaching hospital/Baghdad
Authors: Mohammed Murad Mahdi , Salim Ismail Mohannad , M Al-Dulaimy Khamees
Published: January 2024

Background:Pediatric asthma is a syndrome of lung dysfunction with an imbalance between the forces that maintain airway patency and those forces that operate to narrow or close the pediatric airway. Zinc has been supposed to have anti-oxidant, anti- apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects in the organism . Zinc deficiency is suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis, control, and severity of allergic, skin and airway diseases.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between zinc serum level and bronchial asthma( its duration and severity).

Patients and methods:  A prospective case –control study was conducted at the central Child teaching hospital in Baghdad in a period extended for six months from 15th March  to 15th September  , 2016.       47 children from ages   2  to 12 years (mean age 5.6year ) of both gender who were known cases of asthma were enrolled in the study,  matched in age and gender  with the control group of 47 healthy children without history of chronic disease. The zinc concentrations in serum were measured in both cases and controls.

Results:A total of 94 children were included, 47 patients who were asthmatic (22 males& 25 females). Mean age of children with asthma and control group children was 5.6 year . Body mass index percentile was higher in asthmatic patients (p 0.001). The study shows that asthmatic children significantly more likely to have family history of asthma compared to control group (p<0.001). in this study the meanconcentrations of zinc are lower in asthmatic children(67.4µg/dl) incomparison tocontrols(86.1µg/dl).  And  a  significant correlation between serum zinc level with each of asthma severity and use of steroids and bronchodilator , (p < 0.001) for each.There was no significant association between age , gender, Body mass index(BMI) family history and duration of asthma with the low serum zinc level . (p 0.923, 0.478, 0.343 and 0.138 respectively).

Conclusion:Serum zinc level is lower in patients with bronchial asthma regardless their age and gender, and serum zinc level has significant relation to the severity of asthma and the use of steroid.
Role of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children, (age 1 day to 16 years old) with Recent Onset Seizure)
Authors: Ali Zeki Ijam Hussain , Ali Fadel Adnan , Ahmed Al-bayati Hassanian
Published: January 2024

New-onset seizures represent the most common neurologic emergency of childhood, with approximately44 per 1000 of children and adolescent in under developed countries ( age 1day to 16 years old) presenting for evaluation of a newly occurring seizure disorder. The study aim to find the role of computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging in children with seizure. Cross sectional study will be conducting in AL-Hilla Teaching hospital from period 1st of November 2018 to1st of July 2019, will be enrolling infants and children with new onset seizure( age 1 day to 16 years) to investigate brain imaging abnormalities in these patients by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The study enrolled 50 patients presented with first attack of epilepsy. The mean age of patient was 11± 4.2 years with range 1 day – 16 years. My study reveal kinds of abnormality that seen by images modalities,16% of patients had congenital anomaly, 2% had gliosis, 4% genetic disorder, 2% had arteriovenous malformation, and 2% had brain tumor. MRI is the beneficial to evaluate the structural defect in brain that cause seizure and also give an idea to some extent need to surgical interference.While computed tomography is a good choice in emergency department.
La formación superior como capacidad para el desarrollo y el bienestar
Authors: Hernández-Ramírez Elizabeth Jenny , Gonzalez-Tapia Flor Patricia
Published: January 2024

Este ensayo tiene por objetivo presentar la conexión existente entre la posibilidad de desarrollo de una vida profesional y la calidad de vida de las personas universitarias, bajo el marco del enfoque por capacidades de Nussbaum y Sen. Se plantea que, si bien la educación superior es un derecho para la ciudadanía, es necesario otorgar posibilidades reales de desarrollo profesional para quienes transitan una carrera universitaria, de modo que, al graduarse, puedan convertirse en ciudadanos del mundo. Se propone que el enfoque por capacidades sea el eje a implementar en las universidades, como guía para la formación de personas capaces de reflexionar sobre aquello que valoran y aquello a lo que aspiran como futuros profesionistas.
Evaluación de sitios web en las pequeñas empresas agroindustriales
Authors: Ramos-Méndez Eric , Arceo-Moheno Gerardo , Jerónimo-Yedra Rubén
Published: January 2024

El diseño de sitios web como estrategia de negocio se ha convertido en una opción para las empresas que quieren incursionar en nuevas áreas de mercado e incrementar sus ventas. Es una herramienta útil para las estrategias de marketing y a un menor costo con respecto a otras estrategias tradicionales. El propósito de este artículo fue mostrar la evaluación de la velocidad de los sitios web, grado de autoridad y facilidad de uso, como elementos básicos que deben ser considerados en el diseño e implementación de un sitio web. La evaluación se realizó a través de herramientas web que permitieron de forma gratuita el análisis de los sitios y un checklist que ofrece la métrica Sirius para evaluar la usabilidad de los mismos. El 50 por ciento tardó en cargar por arriba de los 3 segundos, mostraron baja autoridad de dominio y problemas de usabilidad.
Análisis comparativo de la habilidad de solución de problemas en estudiantes iniciales y finales de ingeniería
Authors: Aguilar-Villarreal Arlethe Yarí , Vargas-Moreno Argelia , Hernández-Landa Leonardo Gabriel
Published: January 2024

El presente estudio descriptivo analiza la habilidad de solución de problemas de estudiantes de ingeniería en el norte de México, explorando la paridad entre las destrezas de aquellos que están iniciando contra quienes están terminando el programa académico. Factores como la percepción propia del desempeño académico, la experiencia laboral y la inclinación al emprendimiento mostraron tener una incidencia en la habilidad de solución de problemas de los estudiantes. La variable independiente analizada en la presente investigación, así como sus respectivas escalas internas, tales como la habilidad de solución de problemas, la escala de compromiso de solución, la escala de seguridad de solución y la escala de metodología de solución. El estudio mostró que no existe una diferencia significativa de las destrezas de solución de problemas entre las poblaciones de los estudiantes iniciales y finales de la carga académica. Se recomienda expandir el presente estudio de forma que puedan identificarse los factores que inciden en la habilidad de solucionar problemas para fomentar la mejora continua del programa académico en búsqueda de la formación integral de la futura matrícula.
Evaluación de los servicios turísticos en Teotihuacán
Authors: Sandoval-Trujillo Sendy Janet , Ramírez-Cortés Verónica , Hernández-Bonilla Blanca Estela
Published: January 2024

La presente investigación analiza la percepción de los turistas que visitan la región de Teotihuacán en relación con los servicios turísticos que se ofrecen, el objetivo es identificar las áreas de oportunidad que tienen los microempresarios para fortalecer su economía. Es un estudio cuantitativo en el que se aplicaron encuestas a turistas de la zona arqueológica analizando sus preferencias, la estancia en la región, las veces que han visitado, los costos y la calidad de los servicios. El análisis de estos aspectos contribuye a impulsar el desarrollo económico de la región a través de la detección de estrategias de mejora en las actividades turísticas que desarrollan las mipymes prestadoras de servicios, como resultado de esta investigación se determina que es posible ampliar la estancia de los turistas en Teotihuacán implementando actividades extremas, culturales e interactivas, lo cual contribuirá al incremento de fuentes de empleo.
City marketing para el Sur de Tamaulipas, México.
Authors: Alva-Rocha Lisset Anel , Olguín-Murrieta Juan Antonio , Rangel-Cobos Jorge Ernesto
Published: January 2024

El propósito de esta investigación es proponen Marketing Digital para el Sur de Tamaulipas, México, que incluyen una guía de Marketing y el desarrollo de una aplicación basada en la inteligencia artificial para el móvil (Smartphone). Las tecnologías se han manifestado dentro del ámbito del turismo, convirtiéndose en un aliado en la conquista de turistas para proporcionar destinos a través de aplicaciones móviles y de portales web. Con los resultados de la investigación, se ve la necesidad de implementar una tecnología basada en Marketing Digital para ayudar a los turistas a encontrar más rápidamente los destinos turísticos de la zona Sur de Tamaulipas, con la elaboración de un modelo tecnológico digital de aplicación móvil y portal web, se busca tener toda la información en una aplicación algo como la guía turística al alcance de la mano y ser más competitivos.
Efecto fiscal de los anticipos a cuenta de utilidades en las sociedades civiles.
Authors: Benítez-Gallardo Rafael Ernesto , Corral-Quintero Esther Eduviges
Published: January 2024

Los anticipos a cuenta de utilidades son pagos que las sociedades civiles otorgan a sus socios, con periodicidad mensual, anticipadamente a las utilidades que generan; este procedimiento sustituye el concepto de distribución de dividendos. En esta investigación, se comprobó el efecto fiscal que producen dichos anticipos en las sociedades civiles y sus socios, elaborando una comparación entre la determinación de impuestos mediante anticipos de utilidades y distribución de dividendos. Se planteó un enfoque mixto, aplicando un instrumento de investigación a sociedades civiles y realizando un estudio de casos con información financiera real de una sociedad civil. Se obtuvieron resultados positivos, puesto que la población encuestada se inclinó en pro de los anticipos sobre la distribución de dividendos, y el estudio de caso arrojó resultados favorables que comprobaron la hipótesis planteada. En conclusión, los anticipos a cuenta de utilidades generan efectos fiscales positivos en las sociedades civiles y sus socios.
Factores determinantes del capital humano en el sector público de Tamaulipas
Authors: Bernal González Idolina , Pedraza-Melo Norma Angélica , Castillo-Hernández Lázaro
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en analizar los factores determinantes que caracterizan el capital humano adscrito a instituciones públicas del estado de Tamaulipas. El estudio se realiza bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo, de corte transversal y diseño no experimental. La muestra de participación estuvo conformada por 125 encuestados. Como técnicas de análisis de datos se recurre al análisis factorial exploratorio y estadística descriptiva, específicamente, análisis de frecuencias. Los resultados obtenidos manifiestan que los factores determinantes del capital humano son las competencias y colaboración, destacando de acuerdo con la percepción de los participantes, que la mayoría del personal sí posee estos atributos necesarios para la realización de sus actividades. Los hallazgos observados aportan información relevante para los tomadores de decisión respecto a las implicaciones y áreas de mejora para una adecuada gestión del personal que integra su organización.
Factores que indicen en la brecha salarial de una empresa de manufactura en el área metropolitana de Monterrey
Authors: Ocañas-Gallardo Eunice Sarai , Galindo-Mora Juan Patricio
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo muestra la caracterización de los empleados de una empresa manufacturera ubicada en el área metropolitana de Monterrey del estado de Nuevo León, donde se aplicó una encuesta como instrumento de recolección de datos a 114 empleados durante el primer cuatrimestre del año 2019. Efectuando un análisis de regresión multivariable, los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe una diferencia en las remuneraciones que perciben las mujeres con respecto a los hombres, y esto se debe en gran medida a factores como la edad, el género y el grado de escolaridad, los cuales tienen un impacto significativo en la brecha salarial.
Experiencia de usuario centrado en el adulto mayor en portales gubernamentales: Un análisis bibliométrico.
Authors: Barrientos-Zepeda Ana Fabiola , Álvarez-Vega Claudia Viviana
Published: January 2024

Las tecnologías de la información han cambiado la forma en que vivimos, hace veinte años no pensábamos en realizar transacciones electrónicas sin un humano de intermediario. Las tecnologías son consideradas una fuente de crecimiento, pero significa un riesgo para ciertos sectores de la población donde aún no es accesible, lo que implica una desigualdad social, por que provoca la exclusión al acceso a la información y al uso de las tecnologías. Por ejemplo, la población de adultos mayores, debido a las barreras inherentes a la vejez al interactuar con sistemas computacionales. El objetivo del proyecto es iniciar la exploración del estado del arte a través de un análisis bibliométrico, que consiste en la investigación de la producción científica publicada en Scopus, con el propósito de localizar las mejores prácticas y experiencias en el tema del diseño centrado en el usuario al momento de crear interfaces digitales para el adulto mayor.
El impacto de la variable generacional en la formación de los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional: El caso de una empresa siderúrgica internacional.
Authors: Terán-Cázares María Mayela , Cantú-González Ma. Elvira , González-Garza Ivon Abigail
Published: January 2024

Actualmente los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional (CCO). Son factores que produce el éxito organizacional, debido a que proporcionan un acceso en la adaptación del entorno. Así mismo la edad se desarrolla como un elemento que contribuye directamente en la productividad y el rendimiento de los trabajadores, el estudio analiza la relación entre ambos variables, esto en los proveedores que pertenecen a la cadenada de valor de una empresa siderúrgica internacionalmente. Se diseñó un estudio cuantitativo y transversal, donde se aplicó un instrumento con un total de 29 ítems, a un total de 87 proveedores de dicha empresa. Se realizaron análisis de correlación como variable independiente la variable generacional edad; la variable dependiente son los CCO. Los resultados evidenciaron que la variable independiente no influye en la variable dependiente, debido a que los niveles de significancia se encuentran por encima del rango estipulado.
Comportamiento de los precios de salida de arrendamiento de naves industriales clase A en la zona metropolitana de Monterrey
Authors: Estrada-Ornelas Leonardo Joaquín
Published: January 2024

El presente estudio analiza el comportamiento de los precios de salida de arrendamiento de naves industriales Clase A según la clasificación de los miembros del Instituto Comercial e Industrial (ICEI) y de las empresas agrupadas en la Asociación Mexicana de Parques Industriales (AMPIP). Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico de fuentes secundarias de corte longitudinal de los precios de renta de salida (Asking Price) para entender cuál ha sido el comportamiento de los precios tanto en pesos como en dólares por metro cuadrado del último trimestre de 2008 al último trimestre de 2019 tratando de entender el impacto de los índices de inflación tanto con el Índice Nacional de Precios al Consumidor (INPC) y del Consumer Price Index (CPI).
El consumo de tabaco en estudiantes del turno vespertino de la carrera de seguridad pública de la universidad de quintana roo, campus Chetumal.
Authors: Granados-Sánchez José Luis , Andrade-Tun Estefani Lizzet , Serrano-Bores Úrsula Gabriela
Published: January 2024

Los estudiantes universitarios constituyen un sector de la población particularmente vulnerable, existe una prevalencia alta de consumo de tabaco, la iniciación del tabaquismo y la experimentación temprana con el alcohol ocurren debido a una compleja combinación de variables sociales, fuertes relaciones con el comportamiento del tabaquismo y con el consumo de alcohol se encuentran el tener amigos fumadores la permisividad para el consumo de tabaco en el hogar, son benéficos para pertenecer al círculo social. La investigación que se realiza es con el objetivo de “Identificar las causas del uso del tabaco en los alumnos de la licienciatura de seguridad pública imparte en la universidad de Quintana Roo, campus Chetumal”. Obteniendo los resultados que conlleva a predecir que si estos fumadores siguen consumiendo cigarros en la misma cantidad de los resultados estarian teniendo enfermedades pulmonares cronicas, que inclusive puede reducir su calidad de vida con el paso de los años.