bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in knee kinematics following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Akbari Shandiz Mohsen , Boulos Paul , Saevarsson Stefan Karl , Yoo Sam , Miller Stephen , Anglin Carolyn
Published: March 2016

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) changes the knee joint in both intentional and unintentional, known and unknown, ways. Patellofemoral and tibiofemoral kinematics play an important role in postoperative pain, function, satisfaction and revision, yet are largely unknown. Preoperative kinematics, postoperative kinematics or changes in kinematics may help identify causes of poor clinical outcome. Patellofemoral kinematics are challenging to record since the patella is obscured by the metal femoral component in X-ray and moves under the skin. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinematic degrees of freedom having significant changes and to evaluate the variability in individual changes to allow future study of patients with poor clinical outcomes. We prospectively studied the 6 degrees of freedom patellofemoral and tibiofemoral weightbearing kinematics, tibiofemoral contact points and helical axes of rotation of nine subjects before and at least 1 year after total knee arthroplasty using clinically available computed tomography and radiographic imaging systems. Normal kinematics for healthy individuals were identified from the literature. Significant differences existed between pre–TKA and post–TKA kinematics, with the post-TKA kinematics being closer to normal. While on average the pre–total knee arthroplasty knees in this group displayed no pivoting (only translation), individually only five knees displayed this behaviour (of these, two showed lateral pivoting, one showed medial pivoting and one showed central pivoting). There was considerable variability postoperatively as well (five central, two lateral and two medial pivoting). Both preop and postop, flexion behaviour was more hinge-like medially and more rolling laterally. Helical axes were more consistent postop for this group. An inclusive understanding of the pre–TKA and post–TKA kinematics and changes in kinematics due to total knee arthroplasty could improve implant design, patient diagnosis and surgical technique.
In Memoriam: Herbert E Wright Jr 1917–2015
Authors: Birks H John B , Ammann Brigitta , Stefanova Ivanka
Published: March 2016

Herbert E Wright Jr was one of the foremost Quaternary scientists of the last century. He made wide ranging contributions to our understanding of the late-Quaternary of North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. This was based largely on reconstructing palaeoenvironments from lake sediments and included the important implications for glacial, vegetational, fire and climatic history, geoarchaeology and conservation. Many of his inter-disciplinary research projects involved fieldwork with his graduate students and co-workers from the University of Minnesota where he created and led the renowned Limnological Research Center. Perhaps his most outstanding contribution was as an instigator of the Co-operative Holocene Mapping Project (COHMAP). This triggered a paradigm shift in Holocene climatic research involving the comparison of climate-model simulations of past climates with palaeoclimatic data.
Shaking table study of a brick veneer house subjected to blast vibrations
Authors: Heath David J , Gad Emad F , Wilson John L
Published: March 2016

This article reports on a unique shaking table test examining the performance of a single-room house to simulated blast vibrations. The unreinforced masonry veneer specimen that is constructed to represent typical Australian residential construction is subjected to a total of 564 blast vibrations increasing in peak component velocity from 1 to 383 mm/s. Damage thresholds in the masonry veneer are examined along with the damage–drift relationship with reference to standardised damage categories provided in Australian Standard 2870. Importantly, drifts recorded in the veneer at recommended vibration limits are found to be well below the lowest drifts needed to cause damage. The lowest threshold of damage in the masonry veneer occurred at a drift equal to 0.10% (1/960) at a peak component velocity of 148 mm/s, nearly 30 times the recommended environmental limit, demonstrating that current environmental limits are conservative with respect to damage potential for residential structures in good condition.
Time and the otherwise: Plantations, garrisons and being human in the Caribbean
Authors: Thomas Deborah A.
Published: March 2016

In this essay, I will argue that one of the insights we can glean about ontology from the theoretico-ethnographic space of the Caribbean has to do with what its foundational histories can tell us about the relationships between time, temporality and sovereignty. Drawing from an ethnographically derived creative project I am currently developing in collaboration with musician Junior ‘Gabu’ Wedderburn and psychologist Deanne Bell, I will show that recurring moments of exceptional violence, themselves emerging from ongoing, everyday patterns of structural and symbolic violence, lead to an experience of time neither as linear nor cyclical, but as simultaneous, where the future, past, and present are mutually constitutive and have the potential to be coincidentally influential. This ontological alterity does not rely on a condition of being prior, outside or marginal, but instead is fully embedded within the violences of modernity. As a result, exploring the relationships among labor, race, politics and what it means to be human from the space of the Afro-Caribbean allows a critical reorientation of modern ideologies of temporality that are inexorably linked to linear teleologies of progress, development, and improvement, and which therefore require the erasure of the forms of racial prior-ness that have been central to the making of the Caribbean as a material and ideological space.
No longer raising eyebrows: The contexts and domestication of Botox as a mundane medical and cultural artefact
Authors: Cook Peta S. , Dwyer Angela
Published: March 2016

Cosmetic enhancement technologies have been subject to extended sociological and feminist critique, but botulinum neurotoxins (Botox) have been sidelined in this discussion. This has occurred despite Botox’s popularity and accessibility as a non-surgical cosmetic procedure. While Botox shares many similarities with cosmetic enhancement technologies such as cosmetic surgery, we argue that the fields and the socio-spatial organisation of Botox – where Botox is performed and by whom, which we collectively call contextual Botox – not only differentiate it from other cosmetic enhancement technologies but expose how Botox has gone beyond normalisation to become hypernormalised, a domesticated, mundane technology that has largely disappeared into the flows and routines of everyday life. In addition, Botox is a distinct medical and social practice that is multifaceted, being determined by the contexts in which it is found and the forms of cultural capital therein. It is for these reasons, in addition to being the most popular form of cosmetic enhancement, that Botox should be critically scrutinised.
The development of environmental assessment tools to support the creation of dementia friendly care environments: Innovative practice
Authors: Waller Sarah , Masterson Abigail , Evans Simon C
Published: March 2016

The need for more dementia friendly design in hospitals and other care settings is now widely acknowledged. Working with 26 NHS Trusts in England as part of a Department of Health commissioned programme, The King’s Fund developed a set of overarching design principles and an environmental assessment tool for hospital wards in 2012. Following requests from other sectors, additional tools were developed for hospitals, care homes, health centres and housing with care. The tools have proven to be effective in both disseminating the principles of dementia friendly design and in enabling the case to be made for improvements that have a positive effect on patient outcomes and staff morale. This paper reports on the development, use and review of the environmental assessment tools, including further work that is now being taken forward by The Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester.
What are the barriers to care integration for those at the advanced stages of dementia living in care homes in the UK? Health care professional perspective
Authors: Kupeli Nuriye , Leavey Gerard , Harrington Jane , Lord Kathryn , King Michael , Nazareth Irwin , Moore Kirsten , Sampson Elizabeth L , Jones Louise
Published: March 2016

People with advanced dementia are frequently bed-bound, doubly incontinent and able to speak only a few words. Many reside in care homes and may often have complex needs requiring efficient and timely response by knowledgeable and compassionate staff. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of health care professionals’ attitudes and knowledge of the barriers to integrated care for people with advanced dementia. In-depth, interactive interviews conducted with 14 health care professionals including commissioners, care home managers, nurses and health care assistants in the UK. Barriers to care for people with advanced dementia are influenced by governmental and societal factors which contribute to challenging environments in care homes, poor morale amongst care staff and a fragmentation of health and social care at the end of life. Quality of care for people with dementia as they approach death may be improved by developing collaborative networks to foster improved relationships between health and social care services.
Visualization and recommendation of large image collections toward effective sensemaking
Authors: Gu Yi , Wang Chaoli , Ma Jun , Nemiroff Robert J , Kao David L , Parra Denis
Published: March 2016

In our daily lives, images are among the most commonly found data which we need to handle. We present iGraph, a graph-based approach for visual analytics of large image collections and their associated text information. Given such a collection, we compute the similarity between images, the distance between texts, and the connection between image and text to construct iGraph, a compound graph representation which encodes the underlying relationships among these images and texts. To enable effective visual navigation and comprehension of iGraph with tens of thousands of nodes and hundreds of millions of edges, we present a progressive solution that offers collection overview, node comparison, and visual recommendation. Our solution not only allows users to explore the entire collection with representative images and keywords but also supports detailed comparison for understanding and intuitive guidance for navigation. The visual exploration of iGraph is further enhanced with the implementation of bubble sets to highlight group memberships of nodes, suggestion of abnormal keywords or time periods based on text outlier detection, and comparison of four different recommendation solutions. For performance speedup, multiple graphics processing units and central processing units are utilized for processing and visualization in parallel. We experiment with two image collections and leverage a cluster driving a display wall of nearly 50 million pixels. We show the effectiveness of our approach by demonstrating experimental results and conducting a user study.
Preferred illumination for paintings: Cool–warm balanced colour temperature predicted from radiometry and colorimetry
Authors: Pridmore RW
Published: March 2016

Major factors to be considered when designing lighting for paintings include colour discrimination, colour diversity, clarity and the balance of cool–warm (bluish-yellowish) lighting. This paper concerns the last factor and presents two radiometric and one colorimetric methods of predicting cool–warm balanced illuminants. For a high correlated colour temperature, the spectral power distributions of Planckian and daylight-simulating illuminants are high in short wavelengths and low in long wavelengths and, therefore, appear bluish. The reverse is true for low correlated colour temperature illuminants, which appear yellowish. The balanced spectral power distribution occurs at 5000 K. MacAdam’s complementary powers function is psychophysical and represents the power of wavelengths across the visible spectrum required to neutralize (convert to white) their complementaries. Again the balanced power occurs for illuminants of 5000 K. Hence, a correlated colour temperature in the 4500–5500 K range is recommended for cool–warm balanced illuminants. This recommendation is supported by results of four recent experimental studies.
Original Research: Stable expression of miR-34a mediates fetal hemoglobin induction in K562 cells
Authors: Ward Christina M , Li Biaoru , Pace Betty S
Published: March 2016

Sickle cell anemia is a common genetic disorder caused by a point mutation in the sixth codon of the β-globin gene affecting people of African descent worldwide. A wide variety of clinical phenotypes ranging from mild to severe symptoms and complications occur due to hemoglobin S polymerization, red blood cell sickling, and vaso-occlusion. Research efforts are ongoing to develop strategies of fetal hemoglobin (HbF; α2γ2) induction to inhibit sickle hemoglobin polymerization and improve clinical outcomes. Insights have been gained from investigating mutations in the β-globin locus or transcription factors involved in the mechanisms of hemoglobin switching. Recent efforts to expand molecular targets that modulate γ-globin expression involve microRNAs that work through posttranscriptional gene regulation. Therefore, the goal of our study was to identify novel microRNA genes involved in fetal hemoglobin expression. Using in silico analysis, we identified a miR-34a binding site in the γ-globin mRNA which was tested for functional relevance. Stable expression of the shMIMIC miR-34a lentivirus vector increased fetal hemoglobin levels in single cell K562 clones consistent with silencing of a γ-globin gene repressor. Furthermore, miR-34a promoted cell differentiation supported by increased expression of KLF1, glycophorin A, and the erythropoietin receptor. Western blot analysis of known negative regulators of γ-globin including YY1, histone deacetylase 1, and STAT3, which are regulated by miR-34a showed no change in YY1 and histone deacetylase 1 levels; however, total- and phosphorylated-STAT3 levels were decreased in single cell miR-34a K562 clones. These data support a mechanism of fetal hemoglobin activation by miR-34a involving STAT3 gene silencing.
Proactive Criminal Thinking and Deviant Identity as Mediators of the Peer Influence Effect
Authors: Walters Glenn D.
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to test the moral model of criminal lifestyle development with data from the 1,725-member (918 boys and 807 girls) National Youth Survey. It was hypothesized that peer delinquency would predict proactive criminal thinking but not deviant identity as part of a four-variable chain running from peer delinquency to participant delinquency. Consistent with this hypothesis, the pathway running from peer delinquency to proactive criminal thinking to deviant identity to participant delinquency was significant but the pathway running from peer delinquency to deviant identity to proactive criminal thinking to participant delinquency was not. Deviant identity nonetheless predicted proactive criminal thinking and delinquency. These results support a major pathway in the moral model and indicate that while deviant identity plays a role in antisocial development, it is as a cause and effect of proactive criminal thinking rather than as an effect of delinquent peer associations.
A real-time network approach for including obstacles and flight dynamics in UAV route planning
Authors: Myers David , Batta Rajan , Karwan Mark
Published: March 2016

The procedure presented within considers the problem of calculating flight time for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) while incorporating a subset of important flight dynamics characteristics in an operational field that contains obstacles. These flight time calculations are parameter inputs in mission planning and dynamic reassignment problems. The addition of pseudonodes and the addition of penalties into the associated edge weights are the basis for how the network generation procedure includes flight dynamics. The procedure includes a method for handling pop-up targets or obstacles in a dynamic reassignment problem. To guarantee that the optimal path includes flight dynamics, a selective Dijkstra’s algorithm computes the shortest path. A complex mission plan consisting of thirty targets and three obstacles is the largest test scenario of nine developed scenarios. Our network generation procedure, along with the shortest path calculations of all 992 node pairs of interest, solves in approximately one second. This procedure allows for the fast computation needed to generate parameters for use in a dynamic domain such as mission planning and dynamic reassignment algorithms.
Community pharmacy rapid influenza A and B screening
Authors: Papastergiou John , Folkins Chris , Li Wilson , Young Leslie
Published: March 2016

Objective:

To investigate the impact and feasibility of community pharmacist-directed influenza screening and to evaluate the proportion of influenza-positive cases that resulted in the initiation of antiviral therapy by pharmacists.

Methods:

Patients aged 5 and older with symptoms suggestive of influenza were recruited at 2 Shoppers Drug Mart locations in Toronto, Ontario, from December 12, 2014, to February 4, 2015. Nasal swabs were collected by pharmacists and screened using the BD Veritor system for Rapid Detection of Flu A+B. Positive tests for influenza were reported to patients’ physicians and recommendations for antiviral therapy were made when indicated. Supportive care recommendations and telephone follow-up within 48 hours of assessment were provided to all patients.

Results:

A total of 59 patients participated in the influenza screening program. Sixty-one percent of patients were at high risk for influenza-related complications, while 15% had more than one risk factor. Thirty-four percent of patients screened positive for influenza, of which 100% were influenza A. Of the patients who screened positive, a prescription for oseltamivir was obtained in 40% of cases. The majority of prescriptions were provided directly to the pharmacy (63%), while the balance was provided after the patients underwent medical examination at the request of their physicians (37%). The pharmacy team offered supportive care to all patients for symptom management. Over-the-counter pharmacotherapy was provided to 85% of patients.

Conclusion:

These results highlight the readiness of community pharmacists to participate in the management of patients with influenza and their ability to implement screening into pharmacy workflow. Community pharmacy–based influenza screening may facilitate prompt access to pharmacologic treatment for patients with influenza, as well as decrease burden on the health care system by redirecting influenza-negative patients from physicians’ offices and hospitals. Timely physician communication remains a barrier to access to treatment, suggesting a potential key role for advanced pharmacist prescribing. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2016;149:83-89.
Economic Evaluation Plan (EEP) for A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial (AVERT): An international trial to compare the costs and cost-effectiveness of commencing out of bed standing and walking training (very early mobilization) within 24 h of stroke onset with usual stroke unit care
Authors: Sheppard Lauren , Dewey Helen , Bernhardt Julie , Collier Janice M , Ellery Fiona , Churilov Leonid , Tay-Teo Kiu , Wu Olivia , Moodie Marj ,   on behalf of The AVERT Trial Collaboration Group
Published: March 2016

Rationale

A key objective of A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial is to determine if the intervention, very early mobilisation following stroke, is cost-effective. Resource use data were collected to enable an economic evaluation to be undertaken and a plan for the main economic analyses was written prior to the completion of follow up data collection.

Aim and hypothesis

To report methods used to collect resource use data, pre-specify the main economic evaluation analyses and report other intended exploratory analyses of resource use data.

Sample size estimates

Recruitment to the trial has been completed. A total of 2,104 participants from 56 stroke units across three geographic regions participated in the trial.

Methods and design

Resource use data were collected prospectively alongside the trial using standardised tools. The primary economic evaluation method is a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare resource use over 12 months with health outcomes of the intervention measured against a usual care comparator. A cost-utility analysis is also intended.

Study outcome

The primary outcome in the cost-effectiveness analysis will be favourable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) at 12 months. Cost-utility analysis will use health-related quality of life, reported as quality-adjusted life years gained over a 12 month period, as measured by the modified Rankin Scale and the Assessment of Quality of Life.

Discussion

Outcomes of the economic evaluation analysis will inform the cost-effectiveness of very early mobilisation following stroke when compared to usual care. The exploratory analysis will report patterns of resource use in the first year following stroke.
Orthogeriatric Service Reduces Mortality in Patients With Hip Fracture
Authors: Stenqvist Charlotte , Madsen Christian Medom , Riis Troels , Jørgensen Henrik Løvendahl , Duus Benn Rønnow , Lauritzen Jes Bruun , van der Mark Susanne
Published: March 2016

Introduction:

Orthogeriatric service has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with hip fracture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of orthogeriatrics at Bispebjerg University Hospital, Denmark. The primary outcome is mortality inhospital and after 1, 3, and 12 months for patients with hip fracture. The secondary outcome is mortality for home dwellers and nursing home inhabitants.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective clinical cohort study with an historic control group including all patients with hip fracture admitted from 2007 to 2011. Patients with hip fracture are registered in a local database, and data are retrieved retrospectively using the Danish Civil Registration Number.

Results:

We included 993 patients in the intervention group and 989 patients in the control group. A univariate analysis showed only significantly decreased mortality inhospital 6.3% vs 3.1% ( P = .009) after orthogeriatrics. However, when adjusting for age, gender, and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score in a multivariate analysis, including all patients with hip fracture, we find significantly reduced mortality inhospital (odds ratio [OR] 0.35), after 30 [OR 0.66] and 90 days [OR 0.72] and 1 year [OR 0.79]). When using a univariate analysis for home-dwelling patients, we found significantly reduced mortality inhospital (8.3-2.0%, P < .0001), after 30 days (12.2-6.8%, P = .004) and 90 days (20.5-13.0%, P = .002). One-year mortality was not significant. Patients from nursing homes had no significant decreasing mortality at any point of time in the univariate analysis.

Conclusion:

We have shown significant decreases for inhospital, 30 day, 90 day, and 1-year mortality after implementation of orthogeriatric service at Bispebjerg Hospital when adjusting for age, gender, and ASA score. Future trials should include frail patients with other fracture types who can benefit from orthogeriatrics.
Turning Point for a Turning Point
Authors: Schwartz Seth J.
Published: March 2016

The present article reviews three key issues regarding the emerging adult life stage—the ways in which emerging adulthood represents a key turning point in the life span (and the influences that help to determine the path that a given individual will follow), differences in the experience of emerging adulthood between college students and noncollege-attending individuals, and international diversity in the existence and manifestation of emerging adulthood. Within each of these areas, extant knowledge is reviewed and areas in need of further attention are specified. In particular, the social, economic, and cultural forces that shape emerging adulthood are discussed in terms of who is most (and least) likely to experience emerging adulthood and the ways in which the stage is likely to manifest itself. Recommendations for future theorizing and research are presented.
Sexual violence by government security forces: Are levels of sexual violence in peacetime predictive of those in civil conflict?
Authors: Butler Christopher K. , Jones Jessica L.
Published: March 2016

Are levels of sexual violence committed by government security forces in a country prior to conflict predictive of levels of sexual violence in that country during conflict? Most of the scholarship on sexual violence focuses on the phenomenon during armed conflict, and in general the assumption made by these scholars is that conflict exacerbates the sexual violence problem. Cross-sectional analysis appears to support this assertion; however, we argue that the comparison group used by cross-sectional analyses is inappropriate for answering the question of whether conflict impacts the amount of sexual violence in a country. Instead, we propose that the appropriate comparison is between peacetime levels of sexual violence and conflict levels of sexual violence for the same country. To test this relationship, we employ data on sexual violence committed by government security forces in a sample of 170 countries for the time period 1999–2011, using a measure similar to that from Butler, Gluch, and Mitchell. Then, we use a variety of descriptive and inferential statistical tests to examine the relationship between conflict from the UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset and the level of sexual violence in a country. We find that for cases with variation in conflict across our time period, pre-conflict levels of sexual violence are predictive of conflict levels but, contrary to the common assumption, the prediction is no change in the level of sexual violence for most cases.
20 year Outcomes and Risks of Re-Injury in Patients with Multiple ACL Ruptures
Authors: Roe Justin , Ahmed Isaac , Salmon Lucy , Pinczewski Leo
Published: March 2016

Objectives:

Long term clinical outcomes following modern anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are well established and reported in the literature. Despite this very little is known about the long term outcomes of patients who go on to suffer multiple ACL ruptures and the factors that remain a persistent influence on further re ruptures and contralateral ACL injuries

Methods:

We identified 36 patients (20 males and 16 females, mean age at time of primary ACL reconstruction 21.6 years) who had a further ACL rupture from a consecutive series of 200 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autografts with titanium interference screws between 1993 and 1996. Patients were reviewed prospectively at 1, 2, 7, 15 and 20 years after their original ACL reconstruction. Primary outcome measures were the number of ACL ruptures (including contralateral ruptures) and subsequent revision procedures following primary ACL reconstruction. Posterior tibial slope was assessed on lateral radiographs. Functional and radiological outcomes, assessed using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score were compared with an age and sex matched cohort of patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction.

Results:

At a median follow up of 19 years (range 14.3 to 20.2 years) 29 patients had undergone revision surgery and 11 patients had sustained 3 or more ACL ruptures (range 3 to 6). The mean age at the time of revision ACL reconstruction was 26.4 years (range 14 to 54 years). The mean posterior tibial slope of those who sustained 3 or more ACL injuries was 12.4, compared to a mean of 9.5 for those who sustained 2 ACL ruptures (p=0.002) and a mean of 8.5 in the control group (p=0.01). There was a significant difference (p=0.003) in the mean IKDC score for those patients who underwent revision surgery (84 points +/- SD 13) compared to an age and sex matched cohort of patients (control group) who had a primary ACL reconstruction (94 points +/- SD 9). Radiological degenerative change was seen in 64% of the revision group compared to 35% of patients within the control group (p=0.015).

Conclusion:

The causes of a further ACL injury are likely to be multifactorial but increased PTS appears to have a significant association with those patients who suffer recurrent ACL injuries. These patients have poorer functional and radiological outcomes when compared to an age and sex matched cohort of patients undergoing primary reconstruction.
Combining the Sulcus Line and Posterior Condylar Axis Reduces Femoral Malrotation in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Talbot Simon , Chao Tat Woon , Geraghty Liam
Published: March 2016

Objectives:

Femoral component malrotation is a common cause of patient dissatisfaction after total knee arthroplasty. The Sulcus Line (SL) is formed from multiple points along the floor of the trochlear groove, and has been shown to be more accurate than Whiteside Line. A trochlear alignment guide (TAG) is required to maintain the accuracy of the SL and allow intraoperative comparison of the SL and the posterior condylar axis (PCA). The hypothesis is that averaging these two landmarks will lead to less femoral malrotation.

Methods:

Surgery was performed in 50 patients using the TAG. The component was inserted at a position between the SL and PCA. An intraoperative photograph was taken of the distal cut surface of the femur showing the pin-holes representing the SL, the PCA and the final component position. These were compared to the component position achieved relative to the surgical epicondylar axis (SEA) on a postoperative CT scan. Comparison was made between the final component position and the position which would have been achieved using either the SL or PCA individually. The theoretical position which could be achieved by averaging the SL and PCA was also calculated.

Results:

The SEA was identified on CT scan in 46 cases. The component position was 0.7° (SD 1.5°), SL was -0.8° (SD 2.1°), PCA was 1.1° (SD 2.1°), the calculated average position between SL and PCA was 0.1° (SD 1.5°). There was a significant decrease in variance between both the component position and the calculated average when each was compared to the SL and PCA individually. The number of outliers greater than 3° from the SEA was also significantly less (p<0.05) for both the component position (3/46, 6%) and the calculated average position(1/46, 2%) when each was compared to the SL (10/46, 22%) and PCA (11/46, 24%) individually. The rotational alignment of the trochlear and posterior condyles diverged from each other more than 4° in 11/46 (24%).

Conclusion:

Averaging the SL and the PCA intraoperatively leads to decreased femoral component malrotation compared to the use of either landmark individually.
Validation of Patellar Stabilization Surgical Algorithm Based on Congruence
Authors: Kejriwal Ritwik , Dalrymple Rhydian , Annear Peter
Published: March 2016

Background:

Multiple algorithms exist for proximal and/or distal stabilisation surgery for patellar instability with no consensus in the literature.

Aim:

To validate our surgical algorithm based on patellofemoral congruence for patellar instability.

Algorithm:

Once patellar stabilization surgery is clinically indicated, we determine patellofemoral congruence abnormality based on quadriceps active CT and intraoperative arthroscopic assessment. Arthroscopic lateral release is carried out if indicated. For patients with minimal incongruence post lateral release, MPFL reconstruction alone (MPFL group) is performed, and we perform tibial tubercle transfer and MPFL reconstruction (TTT group) for significant incongruence

Methods:

Retrospective study with prospective follow up of patients operated on between 2008 and 2015. We excluded patients with skeletal immaturity, previous patellofemoral surgery, and distalisation of tibial tubercle. Chart review, pre and post operative quadriceps active CT, Kujala score, and patient’s subjective stability analysed.

Results:

98 patients were reviewed with mean follow up 37 weeks. 14 patients had MPFL alone. Recurrence of instability occurred in 4% of patients, all in TTT group. Reoperation rate was 19%, almost all in TTT group, with removal of hardware being the most common reason. There was no significant difference in TTTG between the two groups on pre operative CT measurement.

Conclusion:

Patellar stabilization surgical algorithm based on congruence is valid in preventing further instability. Reoperation rate is high due to majority of patients receiving TTT procedure.
Two Case Studies Related to Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hale David
Published: March 2016

Objectives:

Report on Two Case Studies related to Total Knee Arthroplasty Previously Discussed by AKS Members

Methods:

Case Series

Case 1:

A 76 year old woman requiring a right total knee replacement in the presence of marked dystrophic calcification affecting the quadriceps tendon on a background of having sustained a post operative quadriceps tendon rupture post left TKR in 2013

Case 2:

Management issues related to performing a TKR in a 80 year old woman with a possible past history of TB affecting the joint

Conclusion:

Both procedures went smoothly and particularly as advice was given by AKS members, these are presented largely for feedback.
A Future for the National Education Longitudinal Program
Authors: Schneider Barbara , Saw Guan , Broda Michael
Published: March 2016

Forty years ago, the National Center for Education Statistics initiated the national longitudinal studies program in response to congressional concern for policy-relevant information on school-to-work transitions. This program has grown substantially, and not unexpectedly, questions have arisen about its usefulness and present operation. This essay briefly describes the scope of the program and its benefits for informing knowledge and policy, including (a) racial and socioeconomic inequalities and their influence on the academic and social development of student subgroups, (b) differential schooling experiences and their impact on children’s later educational and occupational outcomes, and (c) new methods for estimating statistical inferences. Despite these benefits, the program needs serious modification especially with respect to its organization and design features. Several substantive and methodological recommendations are made for improving the program’s effectiveness, including widening technical expertise; reframing sample populations; adjusting intervals for data collections; embedding experiments and conducting field studies; linking longitudinal panels with other federal, state, and local collections; and developing new measures and forms of delivery.
Recognizing Dignity
Authors: Oeur Freeden
Published: March 2016

An enduring finding is that marginalized young men of color aggressively seek “respect,” or masculine status. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork at an all-boys public high school, the author found that respect—a desire to “be known”—offers an incomplete explanation for how young black men claim recognition in an era of surveillance. These findings reveal an alternative and more complex portrait of criminalized young black men in search of multiple dignities. With the help of adults, the young men in this study made claims to the right to grow as individuals. They also continued to yearn for a form of respect that rejected a sexually victimized identity, in a manner rarely captured in previous research. Their yearnings also highlight claims to a third form of dignity: to “be unknown,” or the privilege of anonymity.
The Persistence of Division
Authors: Spiro Emma S. , Almquist Zack W. , Butts Carter T.
Published: March 2016

As noted by theorists such as Blau, Durkheim, Mayhew, and others, interaction opportunity is a fundamental determinant of social structure. One of the most empirically well established factors influencing interaction opportunity is that of physical distance. The strength of this effect in modern societies, however, has been called into question because of technological advances (the so-called death-of-distance hypothesis). Here, the authors examine the effect of distance in an extreme case, considering weak friendship ties among university-affiliated persons in a large-scale online social network. Additionally, the authors explore institutional covariates, such as prestige and public or private status, as moderators of the relationship between distance and social tie probability. The findings demonstrate that geographical distance continues to affect social ties, despite the absence of physical barriers to tie formation and maintenance. The authors find moreover that institutional factors differentially affect the propensity for two university-affiliated individuals to be tied across large distances, illustrating that systematic differences in network structure along status lines persist even in ostensibly unconstrained settings.
Orphan devices: yesterday is history; tomorrow is mystery: towards a European orphan device directive?
Authors: Dooms Marc M
Published: March 2016

Background

Regulatory and economic frameworks stimulated the research and development of orphan drugs, but very little has been done for devices necessary for the in-vivo diagnosis, prevention and treatment of life-threatening conditions with a low prevalence/incidence.

Discussion

A general public consultation in Europe has shown a positive attitude towards an “orphan device” directive. The United States of America have a Humanitarian Use Device exemption, but Europe is still waiting for such a stimulating framework. Post-marketing surveillance (“materio-vigilance”) will be necessary for follow-up, patient-reported outcome measures (quality of life versus survival) needed and off-label use data available for patient-safety reasons.

The marketing period for devices is shorter than for medicinal products. Incentives are necessary to stimulate research and development of such “orphan devices” especially when surgical intervention is the only option.
Ablation of KNDy Neurons Results in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Amplifies the Steroid-Induced LH Surge in Female Rats
Authors: Mittelman-Smith Melinda A. , Krajewski-Hall Sally J. , McMullen Nathaniel T. , Rance Naomi E.
Published: March 2016

In the human infundibular (arcuate) nucleus, a subpopulation of neurons coexpress kisspeptin and neurokinin B (NKB), 2 peptides required for normal reproductive function. A homologous group of neurons exists in the arcuate nucleus of rodents, termed KNDy neurons based on the coexpression of kisspeptin, NKB, and dynorphin. To study their function, we recently developed a method to selectively ablate KNDy neurons using NK3-SAP, a neurokinin 3 receptor agonist conjugated to saporin (SAP). Here, we ablated KNDy neurons in female rats to determine whether these neurons are required for estrous cyclicity and the steroid induced LH surge. NK3-SAP or Blank-SAP (control) was microinjected into the arcuate nucleus using stereotaxic surgery. After monitoring vaginal smears for 3–4 weeks, rats were ovariectomized and given 17β-estradiol and progesterone in a regimen that induced an afternoon LH surge. Rats were killed at the time of peak LH levels, and brains were harvested for NKB and dual labeled GnRH/Fos immunohistochemistry. In ovary-intact rats, ablation of KNDy neurons resulted in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by low levels of serum LH, constant diestrus, ovarian atrophy with increased follicular atresia, and uterine atrophy. Surprisingly, the 17β-estradiol and progesterone-induced LH surge was 3 times higher in KNDy-ablated rats. Despite the marked increase in the magnitude of the LH surge, the number of GnRH or anterior ventral periventricular nucleus neurons expressing Fos was not significantly different between groups. Our studies show that KNDy neurons are essential for tonic levels of serum LH and estrous cyclicity and may play a role in limiting the magnitude of the LH surge.
The Materiality of Intimacy in Wildlife Rehabilitation: Rethinking Ethical Capitalism through Embodied Encounters with Animals in Southeast Asia
Authors: Parreñas Juno Salazar
Published: March 2016

Southeast Asian wildlife rehabilitation centers, such as an orangutan rehabilitation center in Malaysia and an elephant sanctuary in Thailand, facilitate commodified forms of intimacy between endemic animals, their caretakers who also hail from the region, and transnational commercial volunteers. These forms of intimacy include cleaning animal feces as well as gaining physical proximity and even tactile contact. At first glance, commercial volunteerism at such sites appears to convey the idea of ethical capitalism, which Slavoj Žižek describes as “consumption for a cause.” However, ethnographic investigation of these sites reveals that focusing on clean consumption alone cannot account for the ways in which dirty bodily effects fuel the industry of commercialized volunteerism. This article ethnographically examines how intimate encounters across species, specifically between people and endemic charismatic megafauna, fuel a transnational economy. It is based on ethnographic research conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia, and Chiang Mai, Thailand, between 2008 and 2010. Ultimately, it helps show how a global industry is produced through the commodification of intimate encounters across difference.
China's Beauty Proletariat: The Body Politics of Hegemony in a Walmart Cosmetics Department
Authors: Otis Eileen
Published: March 2016

In her best-selling book, Beautiful Faces Grow Rice (Meili liandan zhang dami), author Lu Junqing articulated an emergent aesthetic and economic logic: women's pursuit of beauty is the most certain means of achieving career success. In an industry that is rapidly growing, millions of women flock to retail beauty counters where they consult with cosmetics sales agents about how to best enhance their appearance so as to ensure their place in the labor market. This research examines the workers of China's beauty economy through a case study of rural migrant cosmetics sales representatives in an outlet of a major global retailer. The author asks, how are the new “body rules” generated by the beauty economy used to organize and discipline labor in the workplace? Body rules are norms for the public presentation of different types of bodies. Retail cosmetics employers recruit bodies to become models for customer emulation, vehicles of display, and vessels of communication. Employers seek to alter and control this physical capacity. The author argues that as retail employers offer women workers opportunities to master new body rules for femininity, these women are less apt to question the low-wage and insecure conditions under which they labor.
Selling Fantasies of Rescue: Intimate Labor, Filipina Migrant Hostesses, and US GIs in a Shifting Global Order
Authors: Choo Hae Yeon
Published: March 2016

Based on ethnographic research in an US military camp town in South Korea, this article examines camp town sexual commerce as a manifestation of shifting global hierarchies amid Asia's economic ascendance and the decline of US hegemony. Challenging the dichotomous constructions of US GIs as powerful agents and of migrant club hostesses as trafficked victims, the author highlights their shared conditions of “indentured mobility” as constrained subjects bound by migrant labor contracts in their quest for mobility. Revisiting the persisting power asymmetry between US GIs and migrant hostesses, the author's ethnography reveals the ways in which power differentials are deployed by hostesses and club owners as a resource to incite the discourse of benevolence and rescue that attracts US GI customers to the clubs. By engaging the US military camp town as a space of migrant encounter, this article illuminates how global geopolitics, uneven capitalist development, and transnational migration are entangled with intimacy, power, and emotions to shape intimate labor at a critical juncture of the changing global order.
Screening Shirtless AZN Men: The Full Frontal Power of Intimate Internet Industries
Authors: Shimizu Celine Parreñas
Published: March 2016

For the first heterosexual male porn star of Asian descent in the West, Keni Styles's tumblr project shows the full frontal power of the face so as to increase the representations of diverse Asian and Asian American male sexualities online. In his new video Look, I'm Azn!, filmmaker and scholar Nguyen Tan Hoang gathers the ways in which Asian men use online gay cruising sites such as grindr to play with the visibility of their racial identity in relation to the sexual practices and partners they desire. This article explores how Asian/American men use the Internet to register one's racial visibility and the particularity of one's desires to explode their usual ascription as asexual, passive, and undesirable.
The Politics of theQabaday(Tough Man) and the Changing Father Figure in Syrian Television Drama
Authors: Joubin Rebecca
Published: March 2016

Syrian miniseries engage in multifaceted discourses of fatherhood inherently linked with the rise and fall of the qabaday (tough man). Before the uprising, while the avowed focus was on gender constructions, in truth, politics lay at the heart of the messages. With the gradual construction of the new qabaday, screenwriters shifted to an anxious focus on absent father figures and a more emotionally connected fatherhood ideal that surpassed the father as protector and financial provider. The fall of the qabaday and the cessation of yearning for a protective masculinity in Syrian melodrama connoted the rise of more equal gender relations, which symbolized a pluralistic political order. Amid the uprising, those outwardly embracing the regime narrative insist that they are focusing on societal norms rather than politics. This study is based on analysis of miniseries from the 1960s to the present and interviews with screenwriters in Beirut, Damascus, and Paris.
Multiple Absolute Stereocontrol in Pd-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Oxazolidinones and Trisubstituted Alkenes Using Chiral Ammonium–Phosphine Hybrid Ligands
Authors: Imagawa Naomichi , Nagato Yuya , Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Ooi Takashi
Published: March 2016

The development of a Pd-catalyzed highly enantio- and diastereoselective [3+2] cycloaddition of 5-vinyloxazolidinones and activated trisubstituted alkenes is described in detail. This protocol for the single-step construction of densely functionalized pyrrolidines with three contiguous stereocenters including vicinal quaternary stereocenters depends on the remarkable ability of phosphine ligands possessing a chiral ammonium ion to promote intermolecular cycloaddition reactions with a precise control of absolute stereochemistry. A series of control experiments show that a chiral ammonium–phosphine hybrid ligand enabled the individual, yet simultaneous stereocontrol of each chiral center in the annulation reaction. The reaction mechanism is also discussed with particular focus on the stereodetermining processes.