bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protein profiling of conjunctival impression cytology samples of aniridia subjects
Authors: Stachon Tanja , Fecher‐Trost Claudia , Latta Lorenz , Yapar Dalya , Fries Fabian N. , Meyer Markus R. , Käsmann‐Kellner Barbara , Seitz Berthold , Szentmáry Nóra
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Congenital aniridia is a rare disease, which is in most cases related to PAX6 haploinsufficiency. Aniridia associated keratopathy (AAK) also belongs to ocular signs of congenital aniridia. In AAK, there is corneal epithelial thinning, corneal inflammation, vascularization and scarring. In advanced stage AAK, typically, conjunctival epithelial cells slowly replace the corneal epithelium. Based on previous results we hypothesize that alterations of the conjunctival cells in congenital aniridia may also support the corneal conjunctivalization process. The aim of this study was to identify deregulated proteins in conjunctival impression cytology samples of congenital aniridia subjects.

Methods

Conjunctival impression cytology samples of eight patients with congenital aniridia [age 34.5 ± 9.9 (17–51) years, 50% female] and eight healthy subjects [age 34.1 ± 11.9 (15–54) years, 50% female] were collected and analysed using mass spectrometry. Proteomic profiles were analysed in terms of molecular functions, biological processes, cellular components and pathway enrichment using the protein annotation of the evolutionary relationship (PANTHER) classification system.

Results

In total, 3323 proteins could be verified and there were 127 deregulated proteins (p < 0.01) in congenital aniridia. From the 127 deregulated proteins (DEPs), 82 altered biological processes, 63 deregulated cellular components, 27 significantly altered molecular functions and 31 enriched signalling pathways were identified. Pathological alteration of the biological processes and molecular functions of retinol binding and retinoic acid biosynthesis, as well as lipid metabolism and apoptosis related pathways could be demonstrated.

Conclusions

Protein profile of conjunctival impression cytology samples of aniridia subjects identifies alterations of retinol binding, retinoic acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and apoptosis related pathways. Whether these changes are directly related to PAX6 haploinsufficiency, must be investigated in further studies. These new findings offer the possibility to identify potential new drug targets.
The association of social capital and mental well‐being among older residents living in public housing in Macau Special Administrative Region (S.A.R.) – A qualitative case study of Seac Pai Van
Authors: He Michelle Sok I , Lam Agnes Iok Fong , Wong Paul Wai Ching
Published: December 2023

Macau is a rapidly aging city, with 13.8% of the population aged over 65. Social capital has been identified as a crucial protective factor for negative mental health outcomes, yet its relationship with mental health among older adults in Macau remains unclear. This study thematically analyzed the narratives of 19 in‐depth face‐to‐face interviews of Cantonese‐speaking elderly aged 60 or above residing in the Seac Pai Van public housing project, the largest public housing project in Macau. This study aimed to collect information on how social networks and social participation impact their mental well‐being that may shed light on the promotion of resident mental health in future public housing developments. Results revealed shallow social capital in the community and a high prevalence of loneliness among senior residents who resided in the studied estate. The study also shed light on the participants' thoughts on death, including suicidal ideation, and how they are shaped by their mental health situation and environment. The findings highlight the need to revisit the current mental health policy in Macau and address the urban and architectural design and social organization in new communities, empowering communities to build a friendly environment.
Interruptions, interventions, and innovations in social services during COVID‐19 in Bangladesh
Authors: Paul Krittebas , Das Tulshi Kumar
Published: December 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic affected almost all sectors including the social services in Bangladesh. The authorities struggled to provide services to the pandemic‐affected people who suddenly lost their jobs, falling into a state of poverty. This study aims to investigate interruptions, interventions, and innovations in government social services because of social policy responses during COVID‐19 considering different theoretical models of institutionalism. Following the qualitative method, the study conducted in‐depth interviews with 39 representatives of social service agencies that delivered services in the Sylhet district during the pandemic. The study finds that COVID‐19 interrupted social service programs leading to interventions and innovations based on the new situation that emerged. It reveals innovations like launching virtual service, introducing a hotline number for help seekers, creating WhatsApp and Messenger groups among the service providers, emphasizing community engagement, etc. in social services which seem to go along with the punctuated equilibrium model or the first‐order change that integrates new policies or innovations within the traditional institutional framework to deal better with the problems caused by COVID‐19. However, these initiatives were insufficient since pressing issues like mental health and domestic violence that substantially increased during COVID‐19 failed to draw the attention of the authorities.
Ventral adhesive area in the limbs of walking cuttlefish (paintpot cuttlefish, Ascarosepion tullbergi): An adaptation for stable aquatic locomotion
Authors: Omura Ayano , Takano Haruka , Tomita Taketeru , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Oka Shin‐ichiro
Published: December 2023

Walking is a locomotion mode in which animals move over the ground using their appendages. Walking is observed in both terrestrial and aquatic animals, but the morphology and diversity of appendages in the latter group have been less extensively studied. The present paper reports on the “adhesive areas,” which may represent morphological and physiological adaptations for stable aquatic walking, in the paintpot cuttlefish, Ascarosepion tullbergi. This animal employs arm IV as a forelimb and an ambulatory flap as a hindlimb for walking, resulting in a gait‐like manner of movement. The structure of the adhesive area is exclusively located on the ventral skin surface of arm IV and the ambulatory flap, which are in contact with the ground during walking. The “adhesive areas” are characterized by a dense population of adhesive mucus‐secreting cells and the development of numerous wrinkles on the surface. These features may enhance the gripping and sticking capacity of the ground‐contact area, thus improving walking stability. The use of adhesive areas for walking is a unique feature of A. tullbergi, as other cuttlefish with adhesive areas primarily use them for attaching to substrata in strong currents. Our results contribute to the understanding of the locomotion strategy of cuttlefish.
Developmental trajectories of school‐beginners' ability self‐concept, intrinsic value and performance in mathematics
Authors: Niemivirta Markku , Tapola Anna , Tuominen Heta , Viljaranta Jaana
Published: December 2023

Background

Although research clearly demonstrates the importance of motivation in mathematics learning, relatively little is known about the developmental dynamics between different facets of mathematics motivation and performance, especially in the early years of schooling.

Aims

In a longitudinal setting, we examined (1) how children's ability self‐concept and intrinsic value in mathematics change over time during their first 3 years in school, (2) how those changes relate to each other and (3) how they connect with mathematics performance.

Sample

The participants were 285 Finnish school‐beginners (52.7% girls).

Methods

Latent growth curve modelling was used to examine the developmental trajectories of children's ability self‐concept and intrinsic value, and how those trajectories predicted later mathematics achievement (both mathematics test performance and teacher‐rated grades), while controlling for previous mathematics performance and gender.

Results

The results showed significant decreases in children's ability self‐concept and intrinsic value, but also significant individual differences in the trajectories. The strong dependency between the levels and changes in self‐concept and intrinsic value led us to specify a factor‐of‐curves latent growth curve model, thus merging the trajectories of ability self‐concept and intrinsic value into one common model. Subsequent results showed prior mathematics performance to predict change in children's mathematics motivation, and both the level and change in mathematics motivation to predict third‐grade performance and teacher‐rated grade.

Conclusions

Our findings provide evidence for a developmental link between children's ability self‐concept, intrinsic value and achievement. Achievement seems to enhance mathematics motivation, and positive motivation appears to support the further development of mathematics skills.
White Americans' blame attributions and empathy towards Black victims of police violence: How pejorative stereotypes ‘engulf the field’
Authors: Johnson James , Lecci Len , Dovidio John F.
Published: December 2023

We examined the dynamics of minority‐directed police violence by considering how our White participants' empathy for Black victims may be influenced by critical intragroup differences related to racial stereotyping. Although the role of stereotyping in reactions to Black Americans accused of crime is well‐established, we explore the influence of pejorative Black stereotypes on reactions to Black victims of police violence. Specifically, we investigated the roles of individual differences in the endorsement of the Black criminal stereotype among White observers and manipulated the crime‐unrelated stereotypicality (i.e. stereotypical, counterstereotypical) of Black victims of police violence. White US MTurk participants read about a White policeman shooting a Black man (Study 1, n = 140) or sexually assaulting a Black woman (Study 2, n = 166). Across both studies, strong stereotype endorsers reported relatively low empathy for stereotypical victims, mediated by greater blame towards those victims. This finding demonstrates the relevance of heretofore untested motivated reasoning processes in the outgroup empathy deficits literature. Weak stereotype endorsers showed relatively high empathy and low victim blame regardless of Black victim stereotypicality, indicating limited sensitivity to outgroup member suffering is not inevitable. We consider the practical implications of the findings for policing and for citizenship education.
Completion total mesorectal excision after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and local excision for rectal cancer
Authors: Coco Claudio , Delrio Paolo , Rega Daniela , Amodio Luca Emanuele , Pucciarelli Salvatore , Spolverato Gaya , Belluco Claudio , Lauretta Andrea , Poggioli Gilberto , Rocco Giuseppe , Bianco Francesco , Marsanic Patrizia , Sica Giuseppe , Tondolo Vincenzo , Rizzo Gianluca ,   the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology Colorectal Cancer Network (SICO CCN) group
Published: December 2023

Aim

Local excision (LE) in selected cases after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) for locally advanced rectal cancer in clinically complete or major responders has been recently reported as an alternative to standard radical resection. Completion total mesorectal excision (cTME) is generally performed when high‐risk pathological features are found in LE surgical specimens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of residual tumour and lymph node metastases after cTME in patients previously treated by RCT + LE. The secondary aims were to quantify the rate of postoperative morbidity and mortality and to evaluate the long‐term oncological outcome of this group of patients.

Methods

All patients treated from 2007 to 2020 by LE for locally advanced rectal cancer with a clinically complete or major response to RCT who had a subsequent cTME for high‐risk pathological factors (ypT >1 and/or TRG >2 and/or positive margins) were included in this multicentre retrospective study. Pathological data, postoperative short‐term morbidity (classified according to Clavien–Dindo) and mortality and oncological long‐term outcome after cTME were recorded in a database. Statistical analysis was performed using Wizard for iOS version 1.9.31.

Results

A total of 47 patients were included in the study. The rate of R0 resection was 95.7%, and a sphincter‐saving procedure was performed in 37 patients (78.7%), with a protective stoma rate of 78.4%. In 28 cases (59.6%), it was possible to perform a minimally invasive approach. A residual tumour (pT and/or pN) on cTME specimens was found in 21 cases (44.7%). The rate of lymph node metastases was 12.8%. The overall short‐term (within 30 days) postoperative morbidity was 34%, but grade >2 postoperative complications occurred in only nine patients (19.1%), with a reoperation rate of 6.4%. No short‐term postoperative deaths occurred. At a median follow‐up of 57 months (range: 21–174), the long‐term stoma‐free rate was 70.2%, and the actuarial 5‐year overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS) and local control (LC) were 86.7%, 88.9% and 95.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

When patients exhibit high‐risk pathological factors after RCT + LE, cTME should be suggested due to the high risk of residual tumour or lymph node involvement (44.7%). The results after cTME in terms of the rate of R0 resection, sphincter‐saving procedure, postoperative morbidity and mortality and long‐term oncological outcome seem to be acceptable and do not represent a contraindication to use LE as a first‐step treatment in patients with major or complete clinical response after RCT.
Variation in outcome measurement and reporting in studies of pelvic exenteration for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Brown Kilian G. M. , Pisaniello Jade , Ng Kheng‐Seong , Solomon Michael J. , Sutton Paul A. , Hatcher Sophie , Steffens Daniel
Published: December 2023

Aim

There is increasing research interest in pelvic exenteration for locally advanced and recurrent rectal cancer. Heterogeneity in outcome reporting can prevent meaningful interpretation and valid synthesis of pooled data and meta‐analyses. The aim of this study was to assess homogeneity in outcome measures in the current pelvic exenteration literature.

Method

MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched from 1990 to 25 April 2023 to identify studies reporting outcomes of pelvic exenteration for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer. All reported outcomes were extracted, merged with those of similar meaning and assigned a domain.

Results

Of 4137 abstracts screened, 156 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 2765 outcomes were reported, of which 17% were accompanied by a definition. There were 1157 unique outcomes, merged into 84 standardized outcomes and assigned one of seven domains. The most reported domains were complications (147 studies, 94%), survival (127, 81%) and surgical outcomes (123, 79%). Resection margins were reported in 122 studies (78%): the definition of a clear resection margin was not provided in 45 studies (37%), it was unclear in 11 studies (9%) and not specified beyond microscopically ‘clear’ or ‘negative’ in 31 (28%). Measurements of 2, 1, 0.5 mm and any healthy tissue were all used to define R0 margins.

Conclusion

There is significant heterogeneity in outcome measurement and reporting in the current pelvic exenteration literature, raising concerns about the validity of comparative or collaborative studies between centres and meta‐analyses. Coordinated international collaboration is required to define core outcome sets and benchmarks.
Successful removal of a proximally migrated biliary fully covered self‐expandable metal stent using a sphincterotome
Authors: Koizumi Kazuya , Kimura Karen , Jinushi Ryuhei
Published: December 2023

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MicroRNA‐21 and MicroRNA‐125b expression in skin tissue and serum as predictive biomarkers for psoriasis
Authors: Saadawy Sara F. , El‐Ghareeb Mohamed I. , Talaat Aliaa
Published: December 2023

Background/objective

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, and hyperproliferative skin disease. We have investigated the role of miR‐21 and miR‐125b in the development of psoriasis and atopic eczema and their relation with the severity of the diseases.

Methods

Participants included 40 psoriasis patients, 40 healthy controls, and 40 atopic eczema patients as a positive control group. In addition, analysis of mRNA expression of miR‐125b and miR‐21 was carried out utilizing quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in serum samples and skin tissue.

Results

Our results have demonstrated that miR‐21 was significantly overexpressed in the psoriatic and atopic eczema skin tissue and serum samples compared to controls, whereas miR‐125b was significantly down‐expressed in psoriatic and atopic eczema skin tissues and serum samples. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score and miR‐21 among the studied groups in both serum and tissue samples. In contrast, there was a statistically significant negative association between the miR‐125b and PASI score. On the other hand, there was no significant relation between the extent of body surface area (BSA), intensity, and subjective symptoms using visual analog scale (VAS) of atopic eczema disease and miRNA‐21 and miRNA‐125b in both tissue and serum.

Conclusion

In conclusion, miR‐21 gene expression was significantly increased in psoriatic and atopic eczema skin samples and serum samples, whereas miR‐125b was statistically lowered in psoriatic and atopic eczema patient samples. The miR‐21 and miR‐125b expression level has a possible predictive value as a marker for psoriasis severity but not for atopic eczema severity.
A review on proteolytic fermentation of dietary protein using lactic acid bacteria for the development of novel proteolytically fermented foods
Authors: Ter Zhi Yin , Chang Lee Sin , Babji Abdul Salam , Zaini Nurul Aqilah Mohd , Fazry Shazrul , Sarbini Shahrul Razid , Peterbauer Clemens Karl , Lim Seng Joe
Published: December 2023

Bioactive peptides generated from food proteins have gained much interest as functional foods. Recently, the application of lactic acid fermentation has developed rapidly thanks to the discovery of probiotic functions in lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Aside from converting a fermentable carbohydrate into lactic acid, many strains of LAB were found to possess proteolytic activity, which is essential for many fermentation processes. The protease enzymes produced from the proteolytic fermentation breakdown proteins in food and generate a variety of high‐value products which are discussed in this review. These substances give rise to the production of functional food that exerts diverse health benefits including antioxidant, antihypertension, antihyperglycaemic, antiinflammation, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. The effects of proteolytic fermentation on the physicochemical and functional properties, biological activities, and sensory attributes of foods are elaborated in this review article. The application of proteolytic fermentation in various food industries, mainly the dairy industry, meat industry, bakery industry, and brewing industry, improved the technological, nutritional, biological, and sensory characteristics, as well as increased the shelf life of food. Ultimately, this review summarises in‐depth knowledge of proteolytic fermentation by LAB and generates additional interest in the development of novel proteolytically fermented products.
Developing cross‐cultural competence of students through short‐term international mobility programme
Authors: Sylwia Przytuła , Barzykowski Krystian , Tracz‐Krupa Katarzyna , Cassar Vincent , Said Emanuel
Published: December 2023

In the era of higher education institutions' internationalisation, international student mobility is viewed as a crucial educational tool for enhancing the cross‐cultural competence of learners. This paper aims to present research findings on the development of cross‐cultural competence (skills, knowledge, and attitudes) among students participating in a short‐term international mobility programme. The study involved 45 students from five European universities located in Kosovo, the Czech Republic, Poland, Belgium, and Malta. We utilised three scales in our methodology: the Cross‐Cultural Adaptability Inventory, the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire, and the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale, along with data from a structured diary. Our findings indicate that students who took part in this programme expanded their knowledge through various trainings and workshops during each study visit abroad. Students not only gained new knowledge and specific skills (e.g., conflict management, negotiation skills), and behaviours (e.g., tolerance, openness, trust), but they also improved previously acquired competencies, such as professional and linguistic ones (English fluency). This study contributes to the scientific understanding of cross‐cultural competence development and may also be valuable in designing intercultural training and mobility programmes for students.
Influence of tract location on the outcomes of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery: A retrospective analysis of 1000 cases
Authors: Tabei Tadashi , Ito Hiroki , Inoue Takaaki , Watanabe Takahiko , Fukuda Tetsuo , Yamamichi Fukashi , Matsuzaki Junichi , Kobayashi Kazuki
Published: December 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the influence of tract location on surgical outcomes in endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS), considering the location of residual stones.

Methods

From January 2015 to December 2021, 1417 consecutive patients underwent ECIRS in three hospitals. After excluding patients with preoperative percutaneous nephrostomy, intended multi‐stage procedures, those with a tract in the renal pelvis, and those with multiple tracts, 1000 patients were retrospectively analysed by comparing three groups based on tract location: group 1 (upper calyx), group 2 (middle calyx), and group 3 (lower calyx). A multivariate logistic regression model was implemented to assess whether the tract location independently affected the stone‐free status.

Results

Patient characteristics were significantly different among the groups in terms of age, stone laterality, presence of calyceal stones, and hydronephrosis. There were no differences in stone‐free rate (SFR) among the three groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that the tract location (group 1 or 2 compared with group 3) did not significantly affect the stone‐free status (odds ratio = 1.4, 0.9–1.9, p = 0.066). Surgical duration significantly varied among the groups, with the shortest time observed in group 1. Organ injury was observed exclusively in group 1 (1.13%). Residual fragments were predominantly found in the lower calyx, with the calyx associated with the tract being the second most common location.

Conclusions

Tract location does not significantly affect SFR. To improve the SFR, observation of the lower calyx and tract placement is important.
Telehealth in oncology: a cost analysis to evaluate the financial impact of implementing regional trial hubs within a phase 3 cancer clinical trial
Authors: Alexander Marliese , Collins Ian , Abraham Patrick , Underhill Craig , Harris Sam , Torres Javier , Sharma Sharad , Solomon Benjamin , Tran‐Duy An , Burbury Kate
Published: December 2023

This cost analysis, from a societal perspective, compared the cost difference of a networked teletrial model (NTTM) with four regional hubs versus conventional trial operation at a single metropolitan specialist centre. The Australian phase 3 cancer interventional randomised controlled trial included 152 of 328 regional participants (patient enrolment 2018–2021; 6‐month primary end point). The NTTM significantly reduced (AU$2155 per patient) patient travel cost and time and lost productivity.
Electrospun 3D structured double perovskite oxide PrBa0.8Ca0.2Co2O5+δ bifunctional electrocatalyst for zinc‐air battery
Authors: Zhou Jian , Wang Yao , Zhang Dong , Zhong Ding , Liu Tong , Ding Mingyue
Published: December 2023

To meet the crucial demand for efficient and durable rechargeable zinc‐air battery (ZAB), novel bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are needed. In this work, we report a novel 3D structured double perovskite oxide PrBa0.8Ca0.2Co2O5+δ (3D‐PBCC) electrocatalyst by a facile electrospinning method. The 3D‐PBCC electrocatalyst demonstrates greatly improved bifunctional activity when compared with the classic powdery PBCC electrocatalyst synthesized by the conventional sol–gel method. Moreover, turning the PBCC electrocatalyst from powder to 3D structure can simultaneously enhance the performance and durability of the ZAB. The specific capacity is greatly improved from 769 to 849 mA h g−1, the peak output power density is significantly enhanced from 113 to 185 mW cm−2, and the charge–discharge cycling stability is strongly enlarged from 220 to 500 h. These can be ascribed to the enhanced specific surface area, enlarged oxygen vacancies, and improved hydrophobicity. This study offers references to design novel bifunctional oxide electrocatalysts for practical ZAB application.
Apomixis goes a long way: Genetic evidence of persistence and long‐distance seed dispersal in an ancient landscape
Authors: Delnevo Nicola , Binks Rachel M. , van Leeuwen Stephen , Coates David J. , McArthur Shelley , Macdonald Bronwyn M. , Hankinson Margaret , Byrne Margaret
Published: December 2023

Aim

Apomixis is a widespread trait in extreme environments worldwide, yet phylogeographical studies for species exhibiting these complex reproductive systems are still limited to temperate zones in the Northern Hemisphere. Through analyses of a combination of adult plants and seedlings, and nuclear and chloroplast DNA, we assessed the contemporary genetic outcomes of apomixis and phylogeographical patterns in an arid unglaciated landscape to understand the evolutionary trajectory of apomictic species.

Location

Pilbara bioregion, north‐western Australia.

Taxon

Senna glutinosa subsp. glutinosa.

Materials and Methods

Spatial patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation in three chloroplast regions and 17 nuclear microsatellite markers were evaluated in 480 plants from 20 populations of S. glutinosa subsp. glutinosa across the Pilbara bioregion. We also germinated and genotyped seed for a progeny analysis to quantify polyembryony and the relative frequency of asexual versus sexual reproduction.

Results

We found frequent polyembryony and a high proportion of asexual offspring (84.56%), resulting in low within‐population genotypic diversity. The nuclear dataset identified 72 multilocus lineages (MLLs) with moderate pairwise population genetic fixation and low differentiation among populations with no geographically structured genetic clustering. Chloroplast DNA showed high haplotype diversity and a widespread distribution of haplotypes. Only one peripheral population presented a single unique haplotype and MLL.

Main Conclusions

Analysis of this woody perennial in an arid landscape shows the influence of apomixis on genetic patterns and species persistence. Haplotype diversity was indicative of long‐term persistence within the ancient Pilbara region. Widespread distribution of haplotypes and sharing of several nuclear MLLs among distant populations indicated extensive seed dispersal throughout the study area. The combination of polyploidy, facultative apomixis and extensive seed dispersal maintains genetic variability within local populations and promotes the spread of advantageous genotypes across wide geographical distances. Therefore, apomixis, rather than an evolutionary ‘dead‐end’, can be regarded as a mechanism facilitating evolutionary success of apomictic species in extreme and complex environments.
Association of hypertension with the triglyceride–glucose index and its associated indices in the Chinese population: A 6‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Changqiang , Song Yue , Wang Xinquan , Yang Yi , Zhou Yaqiong , Wang Dan , Hou Jixin , Wang Peijian
Published: December 2023

The authors aim to assess the correlation between hypertension and the triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index and its associated indices, and to compare their abilities to identify hypertension. Four thousand eight hundred and sixty‐six non‐hypertensive participants were enrolled from the China National Health Survey in 2009. The data on new‐onset hypertension were gathered in both 2011 and 2015. The TyG index and its associated indices were derived from the fasting triglyceride, blood glucose levels, and anthropometric parameters. Multivariate logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the new‐onset hypertension for the TyG‐waist‐to‐height ratio (TyG‐WHtR), TyG‐waist circumference (TyG‐WC), TyG‐waist‐to‐hip ratio (TyG‐WHR), TyG‐body mass index (TyG‐BMI), and TyG index were 1.379 (1.230–1.546), 1.002 (1.001–1.003), 1.156 (1.069–1.251), 1.007 (1.005–1.009), and 1.187 (1.051–1.341), respectively. In addition, comparing the lowest quartile (Q1) group with the highest quartile (Q4), the adjusted OR and 95% CI for the new‐onset hypertension were found to be 1.86 (1.48–2.35), 1.93 (1.53–2.43), 1.71 (1.36–2.16), 2.00 (1.60–2.50), and 1.49 (1.19–1.88) for TyG‐WHtR, TyG‐WC, TyG‐WHR, TyG‐BMI, and TyG index, respectively, among all participants. The TyG‐WHtR had the largest area under the curve (AUC) for hypertension (AUC, 0.628; 95% CI, 0.614–0.641) in all participants. Stratified analysis also indicated that the TyG‐WHtR exhibited the greatest AUC in both males (AUC, 0.608; 95% CI, 0.587–0.629) and females (AUC, 0.648; 95% CI, 0.629–0.666). In conclusions, the TyG index and its associated indices were positively associated with hypertension. Among these indices, TyG‐WHtR was the most valuable indicator for predicting hypertension.
Editorial Perspective: Bridging the translational neuroscience gap in autism – development of the ‘shiftability’ paradigm
Authors: Whelan Tobias P. , Daly Eileen , Puts Nicolaas A. , Malievskaia Ekaterina , Murphy Declan G.M. , McAlonan Grainne M.
Published: December 2023

Clinical trials of pharmacological candidates targeting the core features of autism have largely failed. This is despite evidence linking differences in multiple neurochemical systems to brain function in autism. While this has in part been explained by the heterogeneity of the autistic population, the field has largely relied upon association studies to link brain chemistry to function. The only way to directly establish that a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator is involved in a candidate brain function is to change it and observe a shift in that function. This experimental approach dominates preclinical neuroscience, but not human studies. There is little direct experimental evidence describing how neurochemical systems modulate information processing in the living human brain. Thus, our understanding of how neurochemical differences contribute to neurodiversity is limited, impeding our ability to translate findings from animal studies into humans. Here, we introduce our ‘shiftability’ paradigm, an approach to bridge the translational gap in autism research. We provide an overview of the guiding principles and methodologies we use to directly test the hypothesis that neurochemical systems function differently in autistic and non‐autistic individuals.
Application of integrated skincare in medical aesthetics: A literature review
Authors: Ding Yuecen , Zhang Chengfeng , Xiang Leihong Flora
Published: December 2023

Integrated skincare combines clinically proven skincare products with professional medical aesthetics to provide a comprehensive solution for beauty pursuers. Studies have demonstrated that a combination of medical aesthetic procedures and maintenance therapies is more effective than either treatment alone. This review outlines the current applications of integrated skincare, including different regimens of energy‐based aesthetic devices and active ingredients in cosmeceuticals or chemical peels. Additionally, the benefits and limitations of integrated skincare are discussed. Lastly, this review highlights the potential for improved satisfaction and long‐term maintenance of the desired outcomes through appropriate integrated skincare procedures.
Guideline on Establishing Diagnostic Criteria for Chinese Medicine Syndromes
Authors: Li Jiansheng , Xie Yang , Chun Liu , Wang Zhiwan
Published: December 2023

Aim

To formulate the guideline for the development of diagnostic criteria for Chinese medicine syndromes, which can contribute to standardization of development of Chinese medicine syndrome diagnostic standards.

Methods

We embark into account on the development of Guideline on Establishing Diagnostic Criteria for Chinese Medicine Syndromes through Delphi method with reference to the existing technical system of diagnostic criteria for Chinese medicine syndromes and relevant criteria.

Results

Our guideline specifies principles, methods, and procedures for the formulation of diagnostic criteria for Chinese medicine syndromes.

Conclusions

It is a comprehensive and systematic evidence‐based guideline, and we hope this guideline can be applied as a reference in developing diagnostic criteria for Chinese medicine syndromes in other disciplines. It is also applicable to the formulation of diagnostic criteria for relevant clinical, educational, and scientific research by hospitals, institutes, and academies.
Migraine headaches are associated with motor vehicle crashes and driving habits among older drivers: Prospective cohort study
Authors: DiGuiseppi Carolyn G. , Johnson Rachel L. , Betz Marian E. , Hill Linda L. , Eby David W. , Jones Vanya C. , Mielenz Thelma J. , Molnar Lisa J. , Strogatz David , Li Guohua
Published: December 2023

Background

Migraine headache is common in older adults, often causing symptoms that may affect driving safety. This study examined associations of migraine with motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and driving habits in older drivers and assessed modification of associations by medication use.

Methods

In a multi‐site, prospective cohort study of active drivers aged 65–79 (53% female), we assessed prevalent migraine (i.e., ever had migraine, reported at enrollment), incident migraine (diagnosis first reported at a follow‐up visit), and medications typically used for migraine prophylaxis and treatment. During 2‐year follow‐up, we recorded self‐reported MVCs and measured driving habits using in‐vehicle GPS devices. Associations of prevalent migraine with driving outcomes were estimated in multivariable mixed models. Using a matched design, associations of incident migraine with MVCs in the subsequent year were estimated with conditional logistic regression. Interactions between migraine and medications were tested in all models.

Results

Of 2589 drivers, 324 (12.5%) reported prevalent migraine and 34 (1.3%) incident migraine. Interactions between migraine and medications were not statistically significant in any models. Prevalent migraine was not associated with MVCs in the subsequent 2 years (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.35), whereas incident migraine significantly increased the odds of having an MVC within 1 year (aOR = 3.27; 1.21, 8.82). Prevalent migraine was associated with small reductions in driving days and trips per month and increases in hard braking events in adjusted models.

Conclusion

Our results suggest substantially increased likelihood of MVCs in the year after newly diagnosed migraine, indicating a potential need for driving safety interventions in these patients. We found little evidence for MVC risk or substantial changes in driving habits associated with prevalent migraine. Future research should examine timing, frequency, and severity of migraine diagnosis and symptoms, and use of medications specifically prescribed for migraine, in relation to driving outcomes.
American Geriatrics Society response to the World Falls Guidelines
Authors: Eckstrom Elizabeth , Vincenzo Jennifer L. , Casey Colleen M. , Gray Shelly , Cosley Kristina , Caulley Jamie , Parulekar Manisha , Rasheed Anita , Sanon Martine , Demiris George , Zimbroff Robbie , De Lima Bryanna , Phelan Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Falls are a major cause of preventable death, injury, and reduced independence in adults aged 65 years and older. The American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society (AGS/BGS) published a guideline in 2001, revised in 2011, addressing common risk factors for falls and providing recommendations to reduce fall risk in community‐dwelling older adults. In 2022, the World Falls Guidelines (WFG) Task Force created updated, globally oriented fall prevention risk stratification, assessment, management, and interventions for older adults. Our objective was to briefly summarize the new WFG, compare them to the AGS/BGS guideline, and offer suggestions for implementation in the United States. We reviewed 11 of the 12 WFG topics related to community‐dwelling older adults and agree with several additions to the prior AGS/BGS guideline, including assessment and intervention for hearing impairment and concern for falling, assessment and individualized exercises for older adults with cognitive impairment, and performing a standardized assessment such as STOPPFall before prescribing a medication that could potentially increase fall risk. Notable areas of difference include: (1) AGS continues to recommend screening all patients aged 65+ annually for falls, rather than just those with a history of falls or through opportunistic case finding; (2) AGS recommends continued use of the Timed Up and Go as a gait assessment, rather than relying on gait speed; and (3) AGS recommends clinical judgment on whether or not to check an ECG for those at risk for falling. Our review and translation of the WFG for a US audience offers guidance for healthcare and other providers and teams to reduce fall risk in older adults.
How Systemic Crises Uproot and Re‐establish Investors’ Acquisition ‘Recipes’: A Temporally Bracketed Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Yang Jiachen , Lander Michel W. , Turturea Roxana , Heugens Pursey
Published: December 2023

We contribute to the literature on acquisitions by examining how investors’ cognitive schemata codifying their beliefs concerning the attributes of deal success (‘recipes’) are impacted by systemic crises. Specifically, we examine how and why configurations of attributes signalling deal attractiveness, acquirer competence, and acquirer corporate governance shape investors’ reactions to acquisition announcements before, during, and after the Great Financial Crisis of 2008–9. We apply temporally bracketed fuzzy sets qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on a sample of 1867 acquisition announcements. Our results show that investors not only assess acquisition signals holistically, but also that their preferences change when a crisis uproots orthodox deal ‘recipes’ that were once believed to produce successful outcomes. We show that the explorative nature of investor behaviour changes when systemic crises strike, with investors becoming more explorative – as evidenced by a greater number of ‘recipes’ eliciting positive reactions – during crises than before or after. Second, we find that investors do not simply favour deals with a maximum number of safeguards, but rather employ a compensatory logic that matches attributes signalling deal risk with specific assurances. The importance of offering assurances increases following crises, suggesting that investors progressively prefer acquirers to protect their interests.
Parental sleep‐related practices and sleep in children aged 1–3 years: a systematic review
Authors: Cook Georgia , Carter Bernie , Wiggs Luci , Southam Shannon
Published: December 2023

The current systematic review sought to identify the relationship between the range of different parental sleep‐related practices that had been explored in relations to child sleep outcomes in children aged 1–3 years. A systematic literature review was carried out in CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, PubMed and Web of Science, as well as relevant grey literature in August 2022 using the terms; population (children, aged 1–3 years), exposure (parental sleep‐related practice) and outcome (child sleep). Any quantitative study published between 2010 and 2022 that explored the relationship between parental sleep‐related practices and the sleep of children aged 1–3 years were included. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was employed to quality appraise included studies and results were narratively synthesised. In all, 16 longitudinal and cross‐sectional quantitative studies met inclusion criteria. Parental presence or physical involvement, as well as broader parental practices including using screens or devices at bedtime and night‐time breastfeeding were all related to poorer child sleep outcomes. Consistent and relaxing routines, sleeping in a cot, and spending all night in their own sleep location were associated with better child sleep outcomes. Acknowledging the plethora of diverse parental sleep‐related practices, which may have varying relationships with child sleep outcomes, could be usefully considered in theoretical models and to inform clinical practice. Issues of definitional and measurement ambiguity are highlighted and discussed.
A global review on arid zone restoration: approaches and challenges
Authors: Stapleton Joseph , Bates Sarah , Lewis Megan , Turner Shane R. , Warne David , Florentine Singarayer
Published: December 2023

Arid environments have become degraded in recent times through human activity highlighting the need for restoration works to reverse this trend. One of the most common forms of restoration works is revegetation. However, revegetation is difficult in the arid zone due to a combination of environmental factors such as low moisture and extreme temperatures, as well as financial and administrative factors. In this review, we investigated the literature describing various methods available for arid revegetation, and assess their utility for revegetation activities. Each of the methods investigated were found to have potential advantages and disadvantages, though some general trends were observed. Two main planting methods were identified, “out‐planting” and “direct seeding.” Which of these methods to use depends on the conditions of the project being undertaken. Out‐planting appeared to be the most suited approach to smaller scale projects with higher budget availability, whereas direct seeding was more suited to large scale, lower budget projects. Weed control prior to planting was identified as being critical for success in most works, whereas soil ripping was beneficial for direct seeding projects. Among the soil amendments investigated, water‐holding gels were most likely to be beneficial, whereas fertilizers were riskier due to their potential to reduce drought tolerance and increase weed invasion. Microbial inoculation with mycorrhiza showed high potential to improve plant performance but may be held back by the lack of suitable commercial sources. Newer seed technologies, such as synthetic seed coats and pellets, show promise, but this issue still requires further research and development.
Long‐time asymptotics and the radiation condition with time‐periodic boundary conditions for linear evolution equations on the half‐line and experiment
Authors: Mao Yifeng , Mantzavinos Dionyssios , Hoefer Mark A.
Published: December 2023

The asymptotic Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann (D‐N) map is constructed for a class of scalar, constant coefficient, linear, third‐order, dispersive equations with asymptotically time/periodic Dirichlet boundary data and zero initial data on the half‐line, modeling a wavemaker acting upon an initially quiescent medium. The large time asymptotics for the special cases of the linear Korteweg‐de Vries and linear Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (BBM) equations are obtained. The D‐N map is proven to be unique if and only if the radiation condition that selects the unique wave number branch of the dispersion relation for a sinusoidal, time‐dependent boundary condition holds: (i) for frequencies in a finite interval, the wave number is real and corresponds to positive group velocity, and (ii) for frequencies outside the interval, the wave number is complex with positive imaginary part. For fixed spatial location , the corresponding asymptotic solution is (i) a traveling wave or (ii) a spatially decaying, time‐periodic wave. The linearized BBM asymptotics are found to quantitatively agree with viscous core‐annular fluid experiments.
Optimizing impedance matching parameters for single-frequency capacitively coupled plasma via machine learning
Authors: Cao Dehen , Yu Shimin , Chen Zili , Wang Yu , Wang Hongyu , Chen Zhipeng , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ya
Published: December 2023

Impedance matching plays a critical role in achieving stable and controllable plasma conditions in capacitive coupled plasma (CCP) systems. However, due to the complex circuit system, the nonlinear relationships between components, and the extensive parameter space of the matching network, finding optimal component values pose significant challenges. To address this, we employ an artificial neural network as a surrogate model for the matching system, leveraging its powerful pattern learning capability for a reliable and efficient search for matching parameters. In this paper, we designed four different parameters as optimization objectives and took the modulus of the reflection coefficient as an example to demonstrate the impedance matching optimization process of a CCP in detail using a particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model. Our approach not only provides an effective optimization direction but also furnishes an entire parameter space that aligns with expectations, rather than just a single point. Moreover, the method presented in this paper is applicable to both numerical simulations and experimental matching parameter optimization.
From Theory to Practice: A Worldwide Cross-Sectional Survey About Flywheel Training in Basketball
Authors: Younes-Egaña Omar , Bird Stephen P. , Calleja-González Julio
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the global implementation of flywheel training (FT) by basketball strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches in various contexts, encompassing daily practice, games, and sessions. Methods: Survey data were collected from 117 basketball S&C coaches who participated in a 24-question online survey. The survey was structured into 6 key areas, including country and competition, S&C coach context, training methodology, flywheel and competition, postactivation performance enhancement, and recovery. Results: Notably, all respondents emphasized the necessity of a familiarization period with flywheel technology, with a substantial 96% indicating that FT yielded improved player performance on the court. The predominant mention was the conical pulley system. During the season, the prevalent approach involved integrating FT into training twice a week, allocating <15 minutes per session, often in conjunction with traditional strength training. A diverse array of lower-body closed kinetic chain exercises were reported, encompassing squats, decelerations, and backward lunges. Intriguingly, FT implementation on match days was unlikely (77%), with the primary aims cited as injury prevention (34%) and enhancing players’ strength levels during various phases of the regular season (27%). Conclusions: Recognizing its inherent limitations, this descriptive study provides valuable contextual insights and practical applications for professional basketball practitioners grappling with the utilization of FT.