bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marchitez causada por Fusarium solani en chile chilaca (Capsicum annuum) en Michoacán
Authors: Reyes-Tena Alfredo , Rodríguez-Alvarado Gerardo , Santillán-Mendoza Ricardo , Díaz-Celaya Marlene , Fernández-Pavía Sylvia Patricia
Published: August 2019

En Queréndaro, Michoacán, México, el cultivo de chile chilaca (Capsicum annuum) es de importancia económica, social y cultural; sin embargo, los problemas fitosanitarios limitan su producción. En junio de 2017, se observaron plantas enfermas con síntomas de marchitez y necrosis. Con el objetivo de identificar el agente causal de la enfermedad se recolectaron secciones de 10-15 cm de tallo y raíz, se obtuvo consistentemente (30%) un aislado fúngico del género Fusarium. El aislado mostró abundantes clamidosporas terminales de pared lisa, macroconidios con tres a cinco septos y célula apical ligeramente curva, microconidios septados y aseptados, ovales, elipsoides y reniformes. Se realizaron pruebas de patogenicidad bajo condiciones de invernadero, se inocularon 1.2 x 106 conidios/mL-1 de Fusarium en plantas de chile chilaca de 45 días de edad. Veinte días posteriores a la inoculación, se observaron síntomas de marchitez, defoliación, clorosis, y necrosis en el tallo y la raíz. Se re-aisló al patógeno a partir de tejido vegetal enfermo y se amplificó el gen del factor de elongación 1-?. La secuencia obtenida se sometió a un análisis BLAST contra secuencias de las bases de datos de GenBank. De acuerdo con las características morfológicas y moleculares, el agente causal de la marchitez en chile chilaca de Queréndaro, Michoacán es Fusarium solani.
How does fermentation, filtration and stabilization of beer affect polyphenols with health benefits
Authors: Mikyška Alexandr , Dušek Martin , Slabý Martin
Published: August 2019

Phenolic substances affect the quality of beer and some of them have the health benefit for the consumer. Their content in the final product is influenced by a number of raw material-technological factors. We carried out 200 L pilot brews of pale lager with the different maturation period and similar brews focused on the effect of filter material (depth filtration plates /DFP/ and polyester sulfone membrane /PES/) and beer stabilization with protein and polyphenol sorbents. Flavonoids were determined using liquid chromatography in conjunction with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR/ MS) and sample preparation by QuEChERS method. Additionally, total polyphenols and anthocyanogens was measured. The major reduction of both total polyphenols and flavonoids occurred in the first 2–3 weeks of maturation, the longer maturation had no impact on the loss of polyphenols. Filtration of beer with DFP significantly reduced the amount of anthocyanogens, but had no effect on monomeric flavonoid polyphenols. This technique could improve colloidal stability while preserving flavonoids. Conversely, PES membrane filtering greatly reduced the prenylflavonoid content (by 85%), and reduced the amount of flavanols and flavonols at levels comparable to those of PVPP-based polyphenol sorbent (25–35%). Flavonoids in beer could be largely influenced not only by PVPP treatment, but also by membrane filters used for both cold sterilization and primary beer filtration. Protein sorbent stabilization did not affect the content of flavonoids in beer. Decreases in flavonoid glycosides during filtration/stabilization were always lower than those of free flavonoids.
Percepção das mães de crianças com câncer sobre o cuidado humanizado da enfermagem
Authors: Santos Rachel Da Silva , Takeshita Isabela Mie , Araujo Claudirene Milagres , Jardim Alessandra Silva Lima , Cunha Genilton Rodrigues
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção das mães de crianças em tratamento oncológico sobre o cuidado humanizado da enfermagem. Método: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, realizado com 16 mães de crianças em tratamento oncológico em uma casa de apoio filantrópica. Foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada para coleta das informações e foi empregada a análise de discurso, a partir dos depoimentos das participantes. Resultados: Os resultados trazem uma discrepância em relação à assistência de enfermagem: algumas mães se sentiram completamente acolhidas e apoiadas e, em contrapartida, outras se sentiram desamparadas e desrespeitadas. Conclusão: As mães percebem o cuidado humanizado da enfermagem no acolhimento integral da criança e família para além da doença; a enfermagem contribui na reflexão e reestruturação das ações do cuidado, elevando a qualidade da assistência.
Avaliação do risco de quedas de pacientes em serviço de emergência
Authors: Horbach da Rosa Paloma , Filipin Rangel Rosiane , De Freitas Cáceres Machado Karine , Pellegrini Cesar Mariana , Ilha Silomar
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Identificar o risco de quedas nos pacientes em observação em um serviço de emergência, por meio da aplicação da Escala de Quedas de Morse. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, com dados transversais do tipo descritivo, desenvolvido com 30 pacientes internados em um serviço de emergência do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados, entre junho e julho/2018, pela aplicação da Escala de Quedas de Morse. Nas primeiras 12 horas de internação os pacientes foram analisados pela estatística descritiva simples. Resultados: Dos 30 pacientes, 15 eram do sexo feminino e 15 do masculino, com idade entre 30 e 83 anos. Destes, 16 (53,33%) apresentaram alto, 07 (23,33%) médio e 07 (23,33%) baixo risco para quedas. Os fatores de risco mais encontrados foram: terapia endovenosa, diagnóstico secundário e marcha. Conclusão: Os dados representam um alerta aos enfermeiros para o diagnóstico precoce do risco de quedas, prescrição e implementação dos cuidados pela equipe de enfermagem. Assim como a necessidade de implantação de protocolos de prevenção de quedas no serviço de emergência e a realização da avaliação do risco de quedas, diariamente, pelo enfermeiro como uma ferramenta para garantir um cuidado seguro.
Competências profissionais para enfermeiros hospitalares: uma análise documental
Authors: Leal Laura Andrian , Soares Mirelle Inácio , Da Silva Beatriz Regina , De Souza Brito Lana Joscasta , Bernardes Andrea Bernardes , Henriques Silvia Helena
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Analisar as competências profissionais requeridas para a atuação do enfermeiro hospitalar e aquelas implementadas durante a sua formação acadêmica. Método: Estudo documental, qualitativo, tendo como cenário uma instituição hospitalar pública e uma instituição de ensino superior, sendo fontes de evidências documentos legais das referidas instituições, os dados coletados de outubro de 2016 a janeiro de 2017. Foi utilizada a análise temática indutiva dos dados. Resultados: Permitiram identificar competências clínicas, como postura profissional e habilidades técnicas e gerenciais, como liderança e comunicação, em ambos os documentos, sendo algumas implementadas na formação acadêmica, porém não exigidas pela organização hospitalar, outras requeridas apenas pelo hospital e não desenvolvidas na formação acadêmica e, finalmente, algumas presentes nas duas instituições. Conclusões: Evidenciaram-se similaridades entre o requerido em uma instituição hospitalar e o ensinado na graduação, porém há a necessidade de centros formadores e gestores quanto a implementar estratégias para o desenvolvimento de competências clinicas e gerenciais.
The Contemporary Issues and Supreme Court
Authors: Kim Kiyoung
Published: August 2019

While the Constitution of United States had brought a popular democracy and Constitution-based structure of government, the Ancien Regime had been overhauled in new land. The “nobility” as a basis of government was dispelled, and people arose as a main class or pillar of nation. As we take a precept of chaotic years from the Articles of Confederation thorough the Constitution, the earlier ambition was mixed between the diplomatic unity and one strong national government. This context implicates much over the centuries and can also be illustrated with a residue of classic and present practice of international politics. The kind of Kantian ambition for the universal justice on liberty and equality, hence, should wait for more prosperous time afterwards that people tend to be conscious of their basic rights or public good from the arbitrary rule of majority, given our concocted recognition from the kind of public policy ideals from Bentham, “the greatest happiness of greatest number,” and “revolutionary spirit on people.” Given the judicial activism, the Supreme Court justices might be clairvoyant, who would be equipped with goodwill, wisdom and almighty intelligence to assuage an untreatable scope of interests and state specificities. Foreign lawyers would find such ample source of laws in surprise, who might envy a wide coverage of judicial interests. They perhaps would take the US context as the kind of insightful classroom and learn the lessons from their case laws.
Disarray in Global Governance and Climate Change Chaos
Authors: Martine George , Alves Jose Eustaquio
Published: August 2019

Scientists warn that human activity in the Anthropocene is causing the transgression of several planetary boundaries. The population/environment/development equation has become insoluble. This paper reviews the trajectory of climate change and discusses the shortcomings of ongoing efforts to address it. It analyzes the current crisis in global governance, fostered by widespread disenchantment with globalization, and reflects on the risks that the resulting political imbroglio presents for our environmental future. Global responses are ineffective due to crumbling multilaterism and the continuing promotion of unsustainable economic growth based on consumerism. Discontent with the consequences of globalization has destabilized national governance and, in the process, further corroded prospects for effective global governance in facing symbiotic social, political and environmental crises. Frustration with globalization is providing media populists a platform from which to attract voters with naive schemes that highlight climate change denial. Potential pathways and obstacles for multilateralism in efforts to resolve the current crisis are blurred. Blind faith in technology, negationism, and the pervasiveness of the consumer culture further hamper awareness raising. Unfortunately, voters, institutions and policies may only adjust when the intensification of climate disasters forces a sea change in outlook.
CONCH FRITTERS THROUGH TIME: HUMAN PREDATION AND POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS OF LOBATUS GIGAS ON SAN SALVADOR ISLAND, THE BAHAMAS
Authors: RUGA MIKAELA R. , MEYER DAVID L. , HUNTLEY JOHN WARREN
Published: August 2019

Lobatus gigas, the queen conch, is a central component of Caribbean cuisine but over-fishing of juveniles has threatened the stability of wild populations. Strombid gastropods, upon reaching sexual maturity, cease growing along the shell length axis and continue growing in width via a flared and thickened shell lip. This morphology serves as a useful indicator of an individual's sexual maturity. Here we examine temporal trends in population demographics, size, and morphology of harvested L. gigas individuals over the last ∼1 ky from San Salvador Island, the Bahamas to quantify the dynamics of human-induced stress on the local queen conch fishery. We collected 284 human-harvested individuals from shell middens at seven localities, measured seven morphological variables, and classified the specimens as either adult or juvenile. We randomly selected 64 of these shells for rapid AMS radiocarbon dating in order to establish three geochronological bins: Lucayan (Pre-European invasion, 1492 CE), Modern (∼102 y), and Global (∼101 y). The proportion of juveniles harvested increased significantly from 47% (Lucayan) to 61% (Modern) to 68% (Global) suggesting increasing pressure on the fishery through time. Patterns in body size and morphology diverge between adults and juveniles and are likely the result of an increase in the proportion of harvested juveniles, the selection of smaller juveniles through time, and possibly changes in fishing methods. This size selective predation did not result in the suppression of adult body size as found in other studies. Geohistorical data, such as these, are vital for providing long term ecological context for addressing anthropogenic ecological degradation and are central to the conservation paleobiology approach.
Study and Application of Starting Pressure Testing for Injection Wells
Authors: Zhao Puchun , Zhao Huating
Published: August 2019

Wenmingzhai , Weicheng , and Mazhai (WMZ, WC, MZ) are mature waterflooding oilfields. The flowing contradictions are obvious because of the difference of starting pressure among the pay zones. The first is that the lower injection pressure can not start the pay zones with higher starting pressure . The second is that the aim of zonal injection can not be met under the same injection pressure . In addition, the single input profile data can not display the water absorption of all zones completely. The previous method and theory of starting pressure testing and calculation can not satisfy the requirement of the starting pressure test for multiple series formations, and the water absorption of all the zones is not clear, which resulted an unfavourable water flooding effect . This paper introduced the process theory and its oilfield application of the zonal starting pressure test technology . Based on the requirement of zonal starting pressure test, an advanced oilfield zonal starting pressure testing technology was developed. The Correlation of the test data and the formation parameters such as original formation permeability, porosity , the situation of injection and input profile data was studied. According to the analysis of correlativity of test data and formation parameters , the counter-measures were obtained . Four application examples were analyzed to show how to use the test data and how to choose the correct counter-measures. This zonal starting pressure testing technology can be widely used to improve oil recovery for mature oilfields. The zonal starting pressure testing was proved to be effective for WMZ, WC and MZ oilfields. Different methods were found to reduce the pressure difference among zones. Experience obtained through these applications is useful for planning future applications.
The effect of an organic rumen-protected fat supplement on performance, metabolic status, and health of dairy cows
Authors: Manriquez Diego , Chen Liang , Melendez Pedro , Pinedo Pablo
Published: August 2019

Background

Negative energy balance during the transition period is a concern for both conventional and certified organic dairy systems. During early lactation, supplemental strategies are used to cope with nutrient deficiencies that are associated with impaired health, production, and reproduction. As organic certified dairies in the United States face restricted access to dietary supplements, the evaluation of products especially formulated for organic production is needed. Our objective was to assess the effect of supplementing 0.45 kg/d of an organic rumen-protected fat (RPF) on health, metabolic status, and productive and reproductive performance of organic certified Holstein cows from 1 to 150 days in milk (DIM). Two-hundred and two cows were enrolled in a randomized blocked controlled trial conducted from January to July, 2017 in a certified organic dairy located in Northern Colorado (USA). Two groups were randomly assigned to be individually supplemented with organic RPF (ORG; n = 100) or control pellets (CON; n = 102) once per day, in addition to the total mixed ration (TMR). Outcomes of interest included disease occurrence, culling, mortality, serum concentration of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), milk yield (kg/d) and milk components, resumption of cyclicity, time-to-first artificial insemination (AI), conception at first AI, and conception within 150 DIM.

Results

A significant effect for the inclusion of RPF was found in daily milk yield; RPF supplemented cows had greater milk yield (1.6 kg/d) compared to CON cows up to 150 DIM (P = 0.03). During grazing, multiparous (MP) ORG cows had greater milk yield compared to MP CON cows, whereas no effect was found in primiparous (PP) cows. Health outcomes, serum metabolite concentrations, and reproductive performance were not affected by the inclusion of RPF. Body condition loss was smaller in the ORG group up to 80 DIM; however, there was no effect on body condition during the grazing season and in the overall study period.

Conclusions

These results indicate that supplementation of RPF increased daily milk yield and prevented body condition loss during transition. However, RPF supplementation did not affect health, serum metabolite concentration, milk components, and reproductive outcomes.
Association of Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Adverse Childhood Experience with adult psychiatric morbidity. Findings from a British birth cohort
Authors: Hassiotis Angela , Brown Emma , Harris James , Helm David , Munir Kerim , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Bertelli Marco , Baghdadli Amaria , Wieland Jannelien , Novell-Alsina Ramon , Cid Jordi , Vergés Laura , Martínez-Leal Rafael , Mutluer Tuba , Ismayilov Fuad , Emerson Eric
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To examine whether Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) and Adverse Childhood Experiences independently predict adult psychiatric morbidity.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of longitudinal data derived from the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study to examine whether BIF and Adverse Childhood Experiences independently predict adult mental distress as measured by the Malaise Inventory. Factor analysis was used to derive a proxy measure of IQ from cognitive testing at age 10 or 5. Variables that could be indicators of exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences were identified and grouped into health related and socio-economic related adversity.

Results

Children with BIF were significantly more likely than their peers to have been exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences (BIF mean 5.90, non-BIF mean 3.19; Mann-Whitney z=31.74, p<0.001). As adults, participants with BIF were significantly more likely to score above the cut-off on the Malaise Inventory. We found statistically significant relationships between the number of socio-economic Adverse Childhood Experiences and poorer adult psychiatric morbidity (r range 0.104-0.141, all p<001). At all ages the indirect mediating effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences were significantly related to adult psychiatric morbidity.

Conclusions

The relationship between BIF and adult psychiatric morbidity appears to be partially mediated by exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences. Where possible, targeting Adverse Childhood Experiences through early detection, prevention and interventions may improve psychiatric morbidity in this population group.
Liver stiffness measurement predicts the difficulty of Kasai procedure in Biliary Atresia: a single center retrospective analysis of 199 patients
Authors: Shen Qiulong , Chen Yajun , Peng Chunhui , Pang Wenbo , Wang Zengmeng , Wu Dongyang , Wang Kai , Huang Xinjie
Published: August 2019

Background: Kasai procedure is the standard initial treatment of infants with biliary atresia. The key to perform a successful surgery is to accurately remove the fibrous portal plate near the liver hilum. Yet how to estimate surgical difficulty pre-operatively remains unclear. This study aims to design an algorithm that predicts the difficulty of Kasai procedure using liver stiffness measurement (LSM).
Methods: 199 patients were included from April 2012 to December 2016.Data were divided into two groups according to: 1: porta hepatis retraction, 2: vascular proliferation around the fibrous portal plate. Serum biochemical markers and LSM were measured three days pre-operation.
Results: Our study included 19 cases in group A (9 males, 10 females) and 180 cases in group B (87 males, 93 females). LSM had statistical differences between the two groups, 28.10(14.90) kPa VS 10.89(7.10)kPa, P =0.000<0.01. There was a significant relationship between LSM and operative age, TBA, AST, GGT (P=0.000, 0.003, 0.003, 0.012, correlation coefficient =0.323, 0.213, 0.207, 0.179). The AUROC of LSM was 0.919. When the cutoff value was 15.15 kPa(OR=3.989; P = 0.000), the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy were 0.947, 0.750, 0.285, 0.992 and 0.768, respectively. When the value was 23.75kPa(OR=3.483; P = 0.000), the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy were 0.631, 0.950, 0.571, 0.960 and 0.919, respectively.
Conclusions: LSM can be used to predict the difficulty in dissecting fibrous portal plate, and in turn the difficulty of Kasai procedure.LSM>23.75 kPa suggests a more complicated surgery.
Inequity in health care needs, health service use and financial burden of medical expenditures in China: results from a consecutive household monitoring study in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Jiang Weixi , Xu Xiaolin , Tang Shenglan , Xu Ling , Zhang Yaoguang , Elbers Chris , Cobelens Frank , Yan Lijing
Published: August 2019

Background: Although public medical insurance covers over 95% of the population in China, disparities in health service use and out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure across income groups are still widely observed. This study aims to investigate the socio-economic disparities in perceived health care needs, informal care, formal care and payment for health care and explore their equity implication.

Methods: We assessed healthcare needs, service use and payment in 400 households in rural and urban areas in Jiangsu, China, and included only the adult sample (N=925). One baseline survey and 10 follow-up surveys were conducted during the 7-month monitoring period, and the Affordability Ladder Program (ALP) framework was adopted for data analysis. Negative binomial/zero-inflated negative binomial and logit regression models were used to explore factors associated with perceived care needs and with the use of three types of health service (self-treatment, outpatient and inpatient care). Two-part model and logit regression were conducted to explore factors associated with OOP health expenditure and the likelihood of incurring catastrophic health expenditure (CHE).

Results: Rural residence was significantly associated with more perceived health care needs, more self-treatments, higher probability of using outpatient and inpatient service, more OOP health expenditure and higher likelihood of incurring catastrophic expenditure (P<0.05), after adjusting for other variables. Compared to Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI), enrollment in New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) or Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI) was correlated with lower possibility of ever using outpatient service, but more times of outpatient visits when people were at risk of using outpatient service (P<0.05). NRCMS/URBMI was also associated with higher likelihood of incurring CHE with reference to UEBM (OR=2.02, P<0.05), and this effect was only significant for the rural population in the separate analysis of the rural and urban sample.

Conclusions: The rural population perceived more health care needs, had a higher probability of using both informal and formal health care services, and had more OOP health expenditure and a higher likelihood of incurring CHE in Jiangsu. The inequity mainly exists in health care financing, and may be partially addressed through improving the benefit packages of NRCMS/URBMI.
Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in patients with lung cancer: a retrospective analysis
Authors: CHAI MEI , Shi Qingming
Published: August 2019

Background

Lung tuberculosis (TB) and cancer have a complex relationship. Data concerning TB treatment in lung cancer patients are still incomplete. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment responses of lung tuberculosis in lung cancer patients.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study, lung cancer patients with tuberculosis were identified between January 2013 and December 2016. These patients were divided into a TB treatment group and a TB nontreatment group. Age- and sex-matched lung cancer patients without tuberculosis were selected as control subjects. The clinical courses and responses of patients with and without tuberculosis were examined and compared.

Results

A total of 98 consecutive lung cancer patients were diagnosed with lung tuberculosis (47 patients in the TB treatment group and 51 patients in the TB nontreatment group). Fifty-one lung cancer patients without TB were enrolled as control subjects. Most patients in the three groups were elderly, had advanced non-small cell lung cancer and had tumor burdens. Compared with patients in the TB nontreatment group, the patients in the TB treatment group had more active TB (66% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001) and were newly diagnosed (55.3% vs. 23.5%, p < 0.001). The anti-cancer chemotherapy response rate in the TB nontreatment group was not different from that in the TB treatment group (58.8% vs. 76.6%, p = 0.061), but it was significantly lower than that in the lung cancer group (58.8% vs. 88.2%, p < 0.001). The median survival times of patients in the TB treatment group, TB nontreatment group and cancer patients (control group) were not different (56, 55 and 58 weeks, respectively). No significant differences in serious side effects of chemotherapy were observed among the three groups.

Conclusion

Both anticancer and antituberculosis treatments can be safely and effectively administered in lung cancer patients with tuberculosis. Attention should be paid to the risk of tuberculosis in lung cancer patients in tuberculosis high-burden countries.
Use of SOPARC to assess physical activity in parks: can race/ethnicity, observation settings, and target area conditions affect reliability?
Authors: Marquet Oriol , Hipp J. Aaron , Alberico Claudia , Huang Jing-Huei , Fry Dustin , Mazak Elizabeth , Lovasi Gina S. , Floyd Myron F.
Published: August 2019

Background

Since its introduction in 2006, the SOPARC protocol has become a fundamental tool to quantify park visitor behaviors and characteristics. We tested SOPARC reliability when assessing race/ethnicity, physical activity, contextual conditions at the time of observation, and conditions of target areas to understand its utility when trying to account for individual characteristics of users.Methods

We used 4,725 SOPARC observations completed simultaneously by two independent observers to evaluate intraclass correlation and agreement rate between the two observers when trying to assess gender, age group, race/ethnicity, and level of physical activity of urban park users. Observations were in 20 New York City parks during Spring and Summer 2017 within the PARC 3 project.Results

Observers counted 25,765 park users with high interobserver reliability (ICC=.94; Agr=.75). Reliability scores were negatively affected by the population being observed, the intensity of physical activity, and the conditions and settings of the target area at the time of observation. Specific challenges were found when assessing the combination of physical activity and race/ethnicity.Conclusions

SOPARC training should aim to improve reliability when assessing concurrent measures; physical activity, race/ethnicity, age, and gender. Similarly, observing active areas and areas that can be congested with people require more observation practice hours.
Development and validation of the Espaijove.net mental health literacy (EMHL) test for Spanish adolescents
Authors: Castellvi Pere , Casanas Rocio , Arfuch Victoria-Mailen , Moreno Juan-José Gil , Torres María Torres , García-Forero Carlos , Ruiz-Castañeda Dyanne , Alonso Jordi , Lalucat-Jo Lluís
Published: August 2019

Background There is evidence of the effectiveness of implementing Mental Health Literacy (MHL) programs in improving mental health knowledge and reducing the stigma. However, there are substantial limitations in the instruments of measurement of mental health literacy. This study aimed to develop and validate the EspaiJove.net MHL test (EMHL) for Spanish adolescents assessing its psychometric properties.Methods The development of the EMHL as a maximum performance test was conducted using item pool generation and pilot study. Content generation was assessed according item relevance by mental health professionals’ and comprehensive and non-offensiveness by adolescents’ focus groups. A convenience sample of high school students aged 13-15y (n=355) participated in the validity study. Reliability was assessed with internal consistency and test-retest. Convergent validity was evaluated comparing effect size among known groups with different levels of mental health knowledge, correlation with mental health-related instruments, and item discrimination index.Results A final version of 35-item EMHL test was obtained with two parts: (i) 1st part consist of binary choice format (yes/no) for the identification of mental disorders; (ii) The part 2 has multiple choice questions with four possible answer options based on the thematic contents of the EspaiJove.net program. Internal consistency was acceptable in the 1st part (Cronbach’s alpha=0.744; Guttman’s lambda 2=0.773) and almost acceptable in the 2nd part (Cronbach’s alpha=0.615; Guttman’s lambda 2=0.643). The test-retest evaluation supported the stability of the test (1st part, ICC= 0.578; 2nd part, ICC= 0.422), no ceiling and floor effects were found. The EMHL test scores discriminated known groups with different levels of mental health knowledge, it is associated with a reduction of related-stigma, emotional symptoms, conduct problems and bullying behaviours and anxiety/depression and self-care quality of life (p<0.05), and it shows a strong discrimination index in almost all items (D≥0.40).Conclusions The EMHL test is a relevant measure for mental health prevention and promotion adapted to Spanish context taking into account the opinion of adolescents, using a non-offensive and adolescent-adapted vocabulary with acceptable validity and stability for assessing MHL levels in adolescents.
Self-reported confidence in patient safety competencies among Chinese nursing students: a multi-site cross-sectional survey
Authors: huang fei fei , shen xiaoying , Chen Xue Lei , he liping , Huang Sufen , li jingxiu
Published: August 2019

Background Nursing interns are an important backup force for nursing professionals, so efforts to strengthen their patient safety (PS) competencies are a major priority. To do so requires assessing the strengths and weaknesses of Chinese nursing students’ PS competence and identifying the influencing factors.
Methods This was a multi-site, cross-sectional, web-based study that was carried out between September 2018 and January 2019.
Participants A national online survey was completed by 732 Chinese undergraduate nursing students.
Main outcome measures Our primary outcome factor was the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey score. We also collected socio-demographic and clinical practice-related characteristics as independent variables.
Results Chinese undergraduate nursing students were fairly confident in their clinical safety skills but less confident in what they learned about sociocultural or context-dependent aspects of PS and speaking up about PS, including effective communication and understanding human and environmental factors. Less than half of the students felt that they could approach someone engaging in unsafe practice and were reluctant to voice concern about adverse events. We observed significant differences in PS competence between students from different regions, across different PS learning styles (self-study and classroom theoretical study), with different self-assessed PS competence levels, and with experiences of adverse events( p <0.05). These factors accounted for almost 15% of the total variance in PS competence scores (adjusted R 2 =0.15， p =0.00).
Conclusions The results of this study provide a better understanding of PS competence among final-year nursing students. Our findings may help nursing educators or healthcare organizations to cultivate and improve PS competence by establishing documented policies or by improving the efficacy of intervention.
Pneumococcal disease: a retrospective cohort study on associated factors and risk factors for mortality among hospitalised adults in Singapore
Authors: Tay Min Zhi , Chan Tyson , Kyaw Win Mar , Chow Angela , Ho Hanley J
Published: August 2019

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae infections can lead to severe morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). This study assesses factors associated with pneumococcal disease, and risk factors for mortality among hospitalised adults in Singapore.Methods: Retrospective study of patients with pneumococcal disease, based on streptococcal urinary antigen testing and/or sterile site cultures positive for S. pneumoniae , admitted to a tertiary hospital from 2015-2017. IPD and non-IPD cases were compared against a control group of patients, admitted over the same period but with negative results for the abovementioned tests.Results: We identified 496 pneumococcal disease cases, of whom 92 (18.5%) had IPD. The mean age of cases was 69.1±15.4yrs, and 65.5% were male. Compared with controls (N=9,181), IPD patients were younger (mean age 61.5±16.3yrs, vs 72.2±16.1yrs in controls; p<0.001) and with less co-morbidities [median Charlson’s score 1 (IQR 0-4), vs 3 (1-5) in controls; p<0.001]. IPD patients also had the highest proportions with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (20.7%), inpatient mortality (26.1%) and longest median length of stay [9 (8-17) days]. On multivariate analysis, IPD was negatively associated with prior pneumococcal vaccination (adjusted odds ratio=0.20, 95%CI 0.06–0.69; p=0.011). Risk factors for mortality among pneumococcal disease patients were ICU admission, diagnosis of IPD, age ≥85yrs and Charlson’s score >3.Conclusion: Patients with pneumococcal disease (especially IPD) were younger and had less co-morbidities than controls, but had higher risk of severe clinical outcomes and mortality. Pneumococcal vaccination was negatively associated with IPD and should be encouraged among high-risk patients.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy vs. retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stones larger than 2cm in patients with a solitary kidney: A systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Kehua , Luo Guangheng , Hu Jianxing , Zhu Jianguo , Sun Fa
Published: August 2019

Background: The safety and feasibility of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) compared with retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) are debated. This systematic evaluation was performed to obtain comprehensive evidence with regard to the treatment outcomes of PCNL compared with RIRS for management of renal stones in patients with solitary kidney.
Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Pubmed, and the Cochrane Library was performed to identify studies that compared PCNL with RIRS. Outcomes of interest included perioperative variables, complications, and stone-free rate (SFR).
Results: 4 studies assessing PCNL vs. RIRS were included for meta-analysis. Although patients underwent PCNL have higher initial SFR than RIRS (OR: 3.72, 95% CI:2.38 to 5.83; P＜0.001), patients underwent RIRS have less intraoperative blood loss (dropped Hb: WMD= 3.49 g/L, 95% CI:2.83 to 4.15; P＜0.001), lower blood transfusion rates (OR= 5.31, 95% CI:1.36 to 20.68; P=0.02), and higher incidence rate of steinstrasse (OR:0.20, 95% CI:0.04 to 0.91; P=0.04). All the other calculated results including operation time (WMD: -9.87 minute, 95% CI:-30.11 to 10.37; P=0.34), final SFR (OR:1.65, 95% CI:0.80 to 3.42;P=0.18) and overall complications (OR:1.22, 95% CI:0.78 to 1.93; P=0.38) are similar between the two groups.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that PCNL has higher initial SFR than RIRS in the treatment of renal stones in patients with a solitary kidney; the overall complications were comparable in both groups. However, RIRS, with less blood loss and transfusion rate, may be an alternative in selected patients.
Nitrogen Delivery Method and Monensin Effects on Productivity, Nutritive Value, and Botanical Composition of Grazed Annual Ryegrass Pasture
Authors: Gunter Phillip A. , Mullenix Mary K. , Burdette Lance C. , Muntifering Russell B.
Published: August 2019

Nitrogen fertilization is a major input cost of forage production, and alternatives that maintain yield and nutritive value would be advantageous. A 3‐yr study was conducted to evaluate forage nutritive value and clover proportion when N fertilizer was replaced partially with interseeded clovers (Trifolium spp.) or protein supplements for stocker cattle grazing annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Nitrogen delivery methods with or without monensin included annual ryegrass fertilized with 112 kg N ha−1 in split application (NFERT), and other methods that received 56 kg N ha−1, including annual ryegrass interseeded with crimson clover (CC, Trifolium incarnatum L.) or arrowleaf clover (AC, Trifolium vesiculosum Savi), or grazing cattle supplemented with distillers dried grains plus solubles at a rate of 0.65% body weight daily (DDGS) or whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at the rate of 0.65% body weight daily (WCS). Clover proportion was greater (P = 0.003) for CC than AC across all 3 yr of the study, and CC was more (P = 0.003) abundant when monensin was fed. Year affected forage in vitro true digestibility (IVTD, P < 0.001) and crude protein (CP, P < 0.001) concentration such that IVTD and CP were greatest in Year 3, intermediate in Year 2, and least in Year 1. Forage degradable intake protein (DIP) concentration was affected by N delivery method (P < 0.001) and year (P < 0.001) such that CC was less than NFERT, DDGS, WCS, and AC, and Year 1 was greatest, Year 2 was intermediate, and Year 3 was the least. Results are interpreted to mean that year affected forage nutritive value more than did N delivery method.
El currículo para el contexto: análisis bibliográfico sobre tendencias para diseñar el currículo de básica secundaria
Authors: Rentería Vera Jorge Amado , Hincapié Montoya Edwin Mauricio , Hincapié Montoya Sandra Milena
Published: August 2019

El diseño y ejecución curricular se fundamenta desde diferentes referentes teóricos que incluyen aspectos filosóficos, epistemológicos, psicológicos, antropológicos, sociológicos y pedagógicos, así como de la reflexión sobre pertinencia, enfoque social e investigativo, flexibilidad, interdisciplinariedad, entre otros escenarios que hacen compleja la idoneidad del currículo; en palabras de Martha Nussbaum, la educación debe permitir que la sociedad ocupe “su justo lugar” para la formación de sociedades libres, autónomas, compasivas y críticas de las tradiciones. El análisis bibliográfico propuesto, resalta las diferentes tendencias investigativas que incluyen técnicas, métodos y/o modelos innovadores que definen el diseño curricular para el desarrollo de competencias en estudiantes de básica secundaria, para lo cual se establecieron categorías y sub-categorías de análisis, las cuales permitieron identificar entre otros aspectos, la falta de enfoque de capacidades humanas y la necesidad de una mayor articulación del currículo en los contextos de vida.
La pregunta por la pregunta en la terapia familiar sistémica posmoderna
Authors: Pulgarin Jaramillo Astrid Elena , Fernández Vélez Erica Evidalia
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo surge de la revisión documental que pretende indagar por el lugar de la pregunta en las escuelas posmodernas de la terapia familiar sistémica. Se realizó una revisión partiendo de artículos de investigación documental, bibliotecas y otros medios de información como las bases de datos especializadas. De esta revisión, surgieron cuatro categorías de análisis; estas fueron: noción de posmodernidad en contextos interdisciplinarios, escuelas posmodernas, la pregunta y la terapia familiar sistémica. Se concluye que la pregunta ocupa un lugar fundamental en las escuelas posmodernas de terapia familiar sistémica, donde es utilizada por cada escuela con objetivos y formas diferentes. La pregunta es asumida no solo como instrumento, sino como parte del sistema terapéutico donde se posibilita la interacción y la creación de nuevos significados a través de un sistema conversacional entre el cliente y el terapeuta.
Relaciones entre el construccionismo social y la terapia familiar narrativa
Authors: Toro Bedoya Eunice , Ospina Jaramillo Diana , Archbold Correa Gintay , González Muñoz Edwin
Published: August 2019

Este estudio contiene el análisis de las relaciones entre el construccionismo social y la terapia narrativa, enfocados respectivamente en la terapia familiar. El enfoque fue cualitativo con alcances hermenéuticos; la estrategia fue documental y la técnica de generación de información fue la lectura crítica. El análisis e interpretación de contenido correspondió a cincuenta textos. Los resultados exponen desde estas dos corrientes, que la terapia familiar es un espacio de relatos de experiencias de vida, tejidas por una cantidad de significados, cuyo vehículo para narrarlos es el lenguaje. Se concluye que en el espacio terapéutico prevalece el conocimiento subjetivo e intersubjetivo, dándole prelación a los significados en sus diferentes contextos temporal y espacial.
Monólogo a la voz y la palabra
Authors: Pérez Múnera Diego Alejandro , Rodríguez Bustamante Alexander
Published: August 2019

Es evidente que el ser humano fue dotado de un gran regalo: el lenguaje, aquel que le impregna desde sus primeros años de vida y le permite conocer, expresar, sentir, relacionarse. Este que se habla, se escribe, se lee, se interpreta de tantas maneras; pero también aquel que, por descuido o tal vez por desinterés, se maltrata en su esencia, se corrompe en su verdadero sentido. Y dentro de ese don llamado lenguaje, aparece el idioma, como particularidad propia de un grupo humano, en nuestro caso el castellano, más conocido como el español, tan rico en grafías, en estilos, en colores, pero también tan vulnerable por las propuestas atrevidas que buscan cambiarle, no solo el sonido, sino la esencia. Por eso, este artículo, a modo de cavilación personal de los autores, y sin ánimo de ofender o imponer, busca incitar la reflexión de cada lector, en aras de darle el lugar que el lenguaje se merece, y salvarlo, por qué no, de tanto abuso.
La bomba atómica y sus consecuencias éticas sobre la limitación de la investigación científica
Authors: Arias Restrepo Laura
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo de reflexión intenta dar pistas sobre las implicaciones éticas que derivaron para la humanidad a raíz de la creación y detonación de la bomba atómica. Entender cómo científicos, políticos y sociedad civil establecen parámetros morales ante la producción del conocimiento. Para ello se abordarán tres cuestiones fundamentales: se realizará una descripción de la creación y detonación de la bomba atómica, luego se expondrá la importancia de la limitación científica y finalmente se desarrollará a modo de conclusión la necesidad de una ética científica en las sociedades contemporáneas cada vez más tecnificadas y proclives al mal uso del saber.
Synthesis of a Novel Curcumin Derivative as a Potential Imaging Probe in Alzheimer’s Disease Imaging
Authors: Sturzu Alexander , Sheikh Sumbla , Kalbacher Hubert , Nägele Thomas , Weidenmaier Christopher , Wegenast-Braun Bettina M. , Schilling Nadine , Ernemann Ulrike , Heckl Stefan
Published: August 2019

Background:

Curcumin has been of interest in the field of Alzheimer’s disease. Early studies
on transgenic mice showed promising results in the reduction of amyloid plaques.However, curcumin is
very poorly soluble in aqueous solutions and not easily accessible to coupling as it contains only phenolic
groups as potential coupling sites. For these reasons only few imaging studies using curcumin bound
as an ester were performed and curcumin is mainly used as nutritional supplement.

Methods:

In the present study we produced an aminoethyl ether derivative of curcumin using a nucleophilic
substitution reaction. This is a small modification and should not impact the properties of curcumin
while introducing an easily accessible reactive amino group. This novel compound could be used to
couple curcumin to other molecules using the standard methods of peptide synthesis. We studied the
aminoethyl-curcumin compound and a tripeptide carrying this aminoethyl-curcumin and the fluorescent
dye fluorescein (FITC-curcumin) in vitro on cell culture using confocal laser scanning microscopy and
flow cytometry. Then these two substances were tested ex vivo on brain sections prepared from transgenic
mice depicting Alzheimer-like β-amyloid plaques.

Results:

In the in vitro CLSM microscopy and flow cytometry experiments we found dot-like unspecific
uptake and only slight cytotoxicity correlating with this uptake. As these measurements were optimized
for the use of fluorescein as dye we found that the curcumin at 488nm fluorescence excitation was not
strong enough to use it as a fluorescence marker in these applications. In the ex vivo sections CLSM
experiments both the aminoethyl-curcumin and the FITC-curcumin peptide bound specifically to β-
amyloid plaques.

Conclusion:

In conclusion we successfully produced a novel curcumin derivative which could easily be
coupled to other imaging or therapeutic molecules as a sensor for amyloid plaques.
Nigella sativa L., Supplementary Plant with Anticholinesterase Effect for Cognition Problems: A Kinetic Study
Authors: Ansari Mehdi , Mandegary Ali , Mosalanejhad Niloofar , Asadi Amir , Sharififar Fariba
Published: August 2019

Background:

The average lifespan and the aging population are rising worldwide. So
Neurodegenerative Disease (ND) will be one of the most common challenges associated with this
population and would be more prevalent in future. The use of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors
is one of the most important strategies for memory impairment. Medicinal plants are the most
known natural source for accessing the new therapeutic agents.

Objective:

In this work, we aimed to study in vitro anticholinesterase effect of different concentrations
(10, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 μg/ml) of total extract of N. sativa (NTE) and its separated
fractions and to study the kinetic of AChE enzyme in the presence of two concentrations of NTE
(10 and 100 μg/ml).

Methods:

Maceration method was used for NTE preparation and different fractions of Petroleum
Ether (PTE), Chloroform (CHF) and Methanol (MF). NTE, fractions and the main component of
the plant, Thymoquinone (TQ), were assayed for AChE inhibition, using Ellman’s method. Kinetic
study of the AChE enzyme was studied in the presence of NTE at 10 and 100 μg/ml using Linweaver-
Burk plot too.

Results:

NTE and all the separated fractions inhibited AChE enzyme in a concentration-dependent
manner. The greatest inhibition was shown by CHF and PEF fractions (86.97% and 79.99% at 1000
μg/ml, respectively). With less intensity, NTE, TQ and MF exhibited 76.32%, 68.98 % and 48.39%
enzyme inhibition at 1000μg/ml, respectively. The least IC50 value was due to CHF fraction in
AChE inhibition (98.28 ± 6.74 μg/ml).
Kinetic profile exhibited the mixed mode of AChE inhibition by NTE. This indicates that a particular
substance could not be responsible for AChE inhibition, and probably a collection of phytochemicals
are involved in this process.

Conclusions:

N. sativa is a good candidate for seeking the new anticholinesterase agent and could
be considered as a good supplement for the health of the elderly.