bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overload Effects on Subcritical Crack Growth in Austenitic Manganese Steel
Authors: Rice R. C. , Stephens R. I.
Published: September 2016

Single and intermittently repeated tensile overloads were applied to precracked compact type specimens using austenitic manganese steel which strain hardens under cyclic loading. Delayed crack retardation following overloading was observed macroscopically and verified microscopically with a scanning electron microscope. Crack growth during delayed retardation varied up to 0.10 in. or up to about 30 percent of the overload reversed plane stress plastic zone size and involved up to 6×103 cycles. Total crack retardation life varied from 50–6000 percent. Single tensile overloads, in general, tended to produce the greatest crack growth retardation compared with intermittently repeated tensile overloads. This behavior is best explained by comparing ΔN with ΔNag. The greater the single overload, the larger the crack growth retardation. Likewise, for a given number of cycles between overloads, the greater the overload force, the larger the crack growth retardation. Use of the crack growth equation da/dN=A(ΔK)n for single and periodic intermittent overloads is conjectural since n takes on negative, zero, and positive values, and a substantial percentage of the total life involves negative and zero values of n. Single compressive overloads decreased crack growth life up to 23 percent.
Influence of Stress Intensity Level during Fatigue Precracking on Results of Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Tests
Authors: Kaufman J. G. , Schilling P. E.
Published: September 2016

One of the more troublesome parts of conducting a plane-strain fracture toughness test in accordance with ASTM Test for Plain Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials (E 399-72) is producing a satisfactory fatigue crack in the specimen prior to fracturing it. The 1968 version of ASTM E 399 indicated that the stress intensity during the last stage of fatigue cracking should not exceed 0.0012 in.½ E (modulus of elasticity) or 0.5 KIc, but that has been gradually eased so that the current limits are 0.002 in.½ E or 0.6 KIc. Data for four aluminum alloys support the fact that it is satisfactory to use stress intensities up to 0.002 in.½ E and suggest that the other limit could be increased to 80 percent of KIc. This may be unique to aluminum alloys, and additional data should be generated for other metals to determine whether or not this is generally true.
Fatigue and Corrosion-Fatigue Crack Growth of 4340 Steel at Various Yield Strengths
Authors: Imhof E. J. , Barsom J. M.
Published: September 2016

The useful life of steel structures that contain crack-like defects and that are subjected to cyclic loads in an aggressive environment is determined primarily by the time required for the defects to grow from subcritical dimensions to the critical size at which unstable fracture occurs. For these structures, subcritical crack growth is caused either by fatigue or by corrosion fatigue. Thus, as part of a long-range program to establish the necessary relations for predicting the corrosion-fatigue behavior of structural steels, the stress-corrosion-cracking susceptibility and the corrosion fatigue-crack-growth rates at 6 cpm of 4340 Steel heat-treated to yield strengths of 130, 180, and 220 ksi (896, 1241, and 1571 MN/m2) were investigated in a 3 percent solution of sodium chloride. The results were analyzed by using linear-elastic fracture mechanics methods and were compared with fatigue-crack-propagation data obtained in a room-temperature air environment. The results showed that the threshold stress-intensity factor below which crack growth does not occur in statiscally loaded specimens decreased with increased yield strength. The fatigue-crack-growth rates per cycle in the steels investigated in an air environment and below KIscc in the room-temperature solution of sodium chloride can be represented by the equation dadN=D(t)(ΔKI)n where n was equal to 2.7. The function D(t), which is a measure of the corrosion-fatigue susceptibility of the material, increased with increased yield strength. Fatigue-crack-growth rates below KIscc were accelerated by a factor of 2 when the 130-ksi yield-strength material was tested at 6 cpm in the sodium chloride solution. Under identical test conditions, the corrosion fatigue-crack-growth rates in the 180-ksi yield-strength material were five to six times higher than the fatigue crack-growth rates in air environment. Corrosion-fatigue crack-growth data below KIscc were not obtained for the 220-ksi yield-strength material because of the high susceptibility of this material to the test environment (KIscc=10.5ksiin., or 11.5 MN/m3/2).
ERK-dependent mTOR pathway is involved in berberine-induced autophagy in hepatic steatosis
Authors: He Qin , Mei Dan , Sha Sha , Fan Shanshan , Wang Lin , Dong Ming
Published: September 2016

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning health problem and is considered as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Increasing evidence demonstrates that berberine (BBR), a natural plant alkaloid, is beneficial for obesity-associated NAFLD. However, the mechanisms about how BBR improves hepatic steatosis remain uncertain. Recently, some reports revealed that enhanced autophagy could decrease hepatic lipid accumulation. In this study, we first established a high-fed diet (HFD) mice model and oleate–palmitate-induced lipotoxicity hepatocytes to explore the association among BBR, autophagy and hepatic steatosis. Our data demonstrated that BBR had profound effects on improving hepatic lipid accumulation bothin vivoandin vitro, and led to high autophagy flux. The molecular alterations proceeding these changes were characterized by inhibition of the ERK/mTOR pathway. These findings suggest an important mechanism for the positive effects of BBR on hepatic steatosis, and may provide new evidence for the clinical use of BBR in NAFLD.
Prolactin receptor in breast cancer: marker for metastatic risk
Authors: Shemanko Carrie S
Published: September 2016

Prolactin and prolactin receptor signaling and function are complex in nature and intricate in function. Basic, pre-clinical and translational research has opened up our eyes to the understanding that prolactin and prolactin receptor signaling function differently within different cellular contexts and microenvironmental conditions. Its multiple roles in normal physiology are subverted in cancer initiation and progression, and gradually we are teasing out the intricacies of function and therapeutic value. Recently, we observed that prolactin has a role in accelerating the time to bone metastasis in breast cancer patients and identified the mechanism by which prolactin stimulated breast cancer cell-mediated lytic osteoclast formation. The possibility that the prolactin receptor is a marker for metastasis, and specifically bone metastasis, is one that may have to be put into the context of the different variants of prolactin, different prolactin receptor isoforms and intricate signaling pathways that are regulated by the microenvironment. The more complete the picture, the better one can test biomarker identity and design clinical trials to test therapeutic intervention. This review will cover the recent advances and highlight the complexity of prolactin receptor biology.
Desarrollo de la herpetocultura en Costa Rica: Situación actual de herpetarios y manejo ex situ de reptiles y anfibios
Authors: Arias-Ortega Jazmín , Bonilla-Murrilo Fabián , Sasa Mahmood
Published: September 2016

La tenencia de herpetofauna en cautiverio es una actividad que ha experimentado un enorme desarrollo en distintas partes del mundo, constituyéndose en la base de muchos programas de conservación, educación, e investigación. En Costa Rica, esta tendencia se evidencia en la proliferación de centros que mantienen reptiles y anfibios en las últimas dos décadas. Pese a este desarrollo, no hay disponible información centralizada sobre los herpetarios a nivel del país, por lo que se desconoce la forma como operan o los potenciales impactos que pudieran tener en la conservación de las especies mantenidas en ellos. En este trabajo se describen los centros que actualmente funcionan en el país, para lo cual se realizaron entrevistas a sus propietarios o regentes y visitas de conformación. Un total de 33 centros, que en conjunto albergan 144 especies, fueron encontrados. Este  número de herpetarios resulta del desarrollo de la industria turística: la mayoría de ellos tienen como finalidad la exhibición de animales, aunque también algunos reportan fines educativos. Solo en cuatro centros se encontró clara evidencia de programas de investigación, pese a que la mayoría de herpetarios indicó la generación de conocimiento como uno de sus principales objetivos. Una proporción importante de establecimientos obtiene sus animales del medio, lo que supone un impacto en aquellas especies con poblaciones reducidas.  Tal parece ser el caso de la matabuey Lachesis stenophrys, que se encontró en 66% de los centros, pese a ser una especie con poblaciones amenazadas en el país actualmente. La existencia de estos establecimientos demuestra el interés de nuestra sociedad por la tenencia de vida silvestre, y supone un interesante mosaico de experiencias, posibilidades y retos para la escena ambiental del país.
META-ANÁLISIS DEL EFECTO DE LA INTERFERENCIA CONTEXTUAL EN EL DESEMPEÑO DE DESTREZAS MOTRICES
Authors: Jiménez Díaz Judith , Salazar Walter , Morera-Castro Maria
Published: September 2016

El presente estudio amplia un meta-análisis realizado recientemente y examina el Efecto de la Interferencia Contextual (EIC), por medio de la técnica meta-analítica. Después de una búsqueda de literatura en once bases de datos digitales y referencias, 25 investigaciones cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión establecidos para el análisis intra-grupos, mientras que 21 estudios para el análisis entre-grupos. Bajo un modelo de efectos aleatorios, para el diseño intra-grupos se obtuvo un total de 150 TE individuales. Se encontró que el grupo de PB mejoró su desempeño en la fase de adquisición (TE = 0.69; n= 39; CI95%= 0.40 a 0.97; Q= 204.3) y lo disminuyó en la fase de retención (TE = -0.25; n= 43; IC95%= -0.51 a -0.02; Q= 207.6). El grupo de PA mejoró en la fase de adquisición (TE = 0.79; n= 31; IC95%= 0.43 a 1.16; Q= 200.5) y no presentó cambio en la fase de retención (TE = 0.12; n= 37; IC95%= -0.12 a 0.38; Q= 158.4). Para el diseño entre-grupos se obtuvo un total de 68 TE individuales y se encontró que en la adquisición el grupo de PB presentó un desempeño mejor con respecto al grupo de PA (TE = -0.15; n= 31; IC95%= -0.32 a -0.01; Q= 41.16) y en la retención ambos grupos presentan un desempeño similar (TE = -0.02; n= 37; IC95%= -0.20 a 0.26; Q= 124.3). Los resultados apoyan el EIC en la adquisición y confirman que este efecto no se puede generalizar y está mediado por diferentes factores.El presente estudio amplia un meta-análisis realizado recientemente y examina el Efecto de la Interferencia Contextual (EIC), por medio de la técnica meta-analítica. Después de una búsqueda de literatura en once bases de datos digitales y en referencias, 25 investigaciones cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión establecidos para el análisis intra-grupos, mientras que 21 estudios para el análisis entre-grupos. Bajo un modelo de efectos aleatorios, para el diseño intra-grupos se obtuvo un total de 150 TE individuales. Se encontró que el grupo de PB mejoró su desempeño en la fase de adquisición (TE = 0.69; n= 39; CI95%= 0.40 a 0.97; Q= 204.3) y lo disminuyó en la fase de retención (TE = -0.25; n= 43; IC95%= -0.51 a -0.02; Q= 207.6). El grupo de PA mejoró en la fase de adquisición (TE = 0.79; n= 31; IC95%= 0.43 a 1.16; Q= 200.5) y no presentó cambio en la fase de retención (TE = 0.12; n= 37; IC95%= -0.12 a 0.38; Q= 158.4). Para el diseño entre-grupos se obtuvo un total de 68 TE individuales y se encontró que en la adquisición el grupo de PB presentó un desempeño mejor con respecto al grupo de PA (TE = -0.15; n= 31; IC95%= -0.32 a -0.01; Q= 41.16) y en la retención ambos grupos presentan un desempeño similar (TE = -0.02; n= 37; IC95%= -0.20 a 0.26; Q= 124.3). Los resultados apoyan el EIC en la adquisición y confirman que este efecto no se puede generalizar y está mediado por diferentes factores.
TEMA 2016: Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico con Anticuer-pos Antinucleares Negativos: Revisión de Tema
Authors: Vindas Ángulo Gustavo , Salazar Arias Nazaret , Beita Jiménez Josué , Valverde Jiménez Michael
Published: September 2016

El Lupus con anticuerpos antinucleares negativos es una entidad clínica poco conocida que forma parte del espectro variable del Lupus eritematoso sistémico, fue descrita inicialmente en 1976 en un 5% de la población con LES, sin embargo en la actualidad existen dudas respecto a su verda-dera incidencia, así como de sus características clínicas, evolución y fisiopatología, a pesar de que se han realizado estudios con la finalidad de esclarecer estas dudas, la información publicada a la actualidad no ha permitido establecer con-clusiones en relación a estos puntos.
CALCULATION OF PAVEMENT PERMANENT DEFORMATION USING PERZYNA’S ELASTO-VISCOPLASTIC MODEL
Authors: Tai Nguyen Huynh Tan
Published: September 2016

In this work, a method for calculation of pavement permanent deformation due to traffic loading is presented. The mechanics behavior of asphalt concrete layer is considered as Perzyna’s elasto-viscoplastic material. The pavement permanent deformation is incrementally calculated using nonlinear finite element method. Model parameters are determined using Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test result.
A HAIR AND HAIR VORTEX SIMULATION TECHNIQUE BASED ON VECTOR FIELDS ON A MANIFOLD
Authors: Huan Nguyen Van
Published: September 2016

Hair is an important component in the virtual human simulation system. During hair simulation, not only the time required to ensure that there are required to express the physical characteristics, chemical such as hair styles, colors, curves, twists, parting one’s hair and hair vortex (swirl), ... to represent the authenticity of the hair and improve hair simulation quality. While the studies has announced today that they mainly focus on simulating the styles, the motion of the hair that has not been expressed characteristics of hair as hair vortex,... The paper introduces the concept of scalp model as a manifold in 3-dimensional space. Based on the nature of the singularity of the vector field on the manifold, the paper proposes a hair simulation technique on the scalp surface model based on vector field on the manifold. Thus, we can simulate appropriately the hair vortex on the scalp model.
ONE STEP SYNTHESIS OF WATER-DISPERSIBLE CoFe2O4 MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES USING TRIETHYLENETETRAMINE AS SOLVENT AND STABILISING LIGAND
Authors: Ngoc Kieu T. B. , Luyen Pham V. , Khang Nguyen C. , Nam Pham H. , Manh Do H. , Vinh Pham V. , Hung Pham V. , Lu Le T.
Published: September 2016

Magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesised by one step synthetic method through thermal decomposition of Co and Fe precursors in triethylenetetramine solvent at high temperature. The advantage of this method is the ability to make monodisperse nanoparticles with high water-dispersibility and stability. The particle size can be tuned in the range of 7-11.3 nm by varying synthetic conditions. The obtained particles with small DLS size (less than 21 nm) are ready to disperse and stable in aqueous solution for weeks without any surface modification.
ABOUT THE ROBUSTNESS OF ADAPTIVE FEEDBACK LINEARIZATION CONTROLLER FOR INPUT PERTURBED UNCERTAIN FULLY-ACTUATED SYSTEMS
Authors: Chi Nguyen Van , Trung Nguyen Hien , Phuoc Nguyen Doan
Published: September 2016

The paper proposes a theorem to assert the arbitrarily good robustness of the fully actuated mechanical system controlled by the adaptive feedback linearization controller. The fully actuated system to be controlled is considerately perturbed by input disturbances and contains constant uncertain parameters in its Euler-Lagrange forced model. It is shown in this paper that independent of input disturbances the adaptive feedback linearization controller with appropriately chosen parameters will drive the output of controlled systems to the desired trajectory for any arbitrary precision. The adaptive controller is applied to the two-link planar elbow arm robot with unknown  mass of the end-effector of second link and input torque noises caused by the viscous friction forces and Coulomb friction terms. Simulation results show that the arbitrary precision of the tracking errors always are guaranteed.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM CALLISTEMON CITRINUS LEAVES AND STEMS
Authors: Khanh Pham Ngoc , Đuc Ho Viet , Huong Tran Thu , Ha Vu Thi , Van Doan Thi , Son Ninh The , Kim Young Ho , Viet Do Quoc , Cuong Nguyen Manh
Published: September 2016

In the search for bioactive constituents from Vietnamese plants,  the leaves and stems of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels were selected for chemical investigation. Phytochemical analysis of plant led to the isolation of eight phenolic compounds including two flavonoids (eucalyptine (1) and 8-demethyleucalyptine (2)), two alcohols (blumenol A (3), n-tetratriacontanol (4)), three benzoic acid derivatives (acid gallic (5), methyl gallate (6) protocatechuic acid (7)), one sterol (b-sitosterol (8)), and along with one sesquiterpene (2,6,10-bisabolatriene (9)). The structures of the natural compounds were determined by spectroscopic evidences including 1D- and 2D-NMR and ESI-MS.
EFFECT OF HOT DRYING ON THE CHEMICAL CONTENT AND COLOUR SENSORY QUALITY OF GINGER POWDER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE
Authors: Quang Dao Nhat , Huong Vu Thi , Tuan Hoang Quoc
Published: September 2016

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperature of hot air drying on the qualities of ginger powder included chemical content, colour parameters and colour sensory quality. The drying experiments were carried out at four air temperature of 50, 60, 70 and 80oC. The colour parameters for colour change of the materials were quantified by the Hunter L (whiteness/darkness), a (redness/greenness) and b (yellowness/blueness) system. These values were also used for calculation of total change (DE). A consumer preference test was conducted with 80 consumers to assess the colour quality of 04 ginger powders. The results showed that the decreasing of essential oils content at low drying temperature is higher than at high temperature. While the fats content was significantly decreased during drying at high temperature as compared with low temperature due to oxidation process of fat occurring at high temperature. The ginger powder was dried at high temperature showed a highly reduced content of protein and carbohydrate. Least Squares regression was used to determine the relationship between colour sensory scores of consumer taster and quantification of three Hunter parameters. In that, variable “L” and “b” could be distributed to increasing while variable “a” contributory decrease the colour quality of ginger powder products. The zero-order, first-order and quadratic models were used to explain the colour change kinietics during hot drying ginger slices at 50oC and it was observed that L, b and a were fitted to quadratic model.
GLUCOSIDES AND UREA DERIVATIVES FROM THE SEEDS OF SCAPHIUM MACROPODUM (MIQ.) BEUMÉE
Authors: Tu Vu Anh , Phan Nguyen Huu Toan , Diep Chau Ngoc , Duy Nong Van , Thuan Nguyen Thi Dieu , Thanh Nguyen Van , Cuong Nguyen Xuan , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Minh Chau Van
Published: September 2016

Five known compounds {carbonylbis[imino(6-methyl-3,1-phenylenel)]}bis[carbamic acid] dimethyl ester (1), (1'R,3'S,5'R,8'S,2E,4E-dihydrophaseic acid) 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-methylbutan-1-ol beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), astragalin (4) and daucosterol (5) were isolated from the methanol extract of the seeds of Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumée. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by the spectroscopic methods including NMR and MS, and also by comparison with the literature data. Compounds 1-3 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
FLAVONOIDS AND TRITERPENOIDS FROM CALLISTEMON CITRINUS AND THEIR INHIBITORY EFFECT ON NO PRODUCTION IN LPS-STIMULATED RAW264.7 MACROPHAGES
Authors: Cuong Nguyen Manh , Khanh Pham Ngoc , Duc Ho Viet , Huong Tran Thu , Kim Youn-Chui , Long Pham Quoc , Kim Young Ho
Published: September 2016

Phytochemical investigation of the leaves and stems of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels led to the isolation of 12 flavonoid and triterpenoid compounds,  including one new flavonoid, callistine A (1) and six known flavonoids 6,7- dimethyl-5,7-dihydroxy-4’-methoxy flavone (2), astragalin (3), quercetin (4), catechin (5), eucalyptin (6), and 8-demethyleucalyptin (7), along with 5 triterpenoids, 3-β-acetylmorolic acid (8), 3β-hydroxy-urs-11-en-13(28)-olide (9), betulinic acid (10), diospyrolide (11) and ursolic acid (12). Their chemical structures were determined from the spectroscopic evidences counting 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-MS data. All the isolated compounds were examined for their anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-activated NO production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Among them, quercetin (4) and 3β-hydroxy-urs-11-en-13(28)-olide (9) showed potential inhibition activity in nitric oxide (NO)  production in RAW264.7 cells exposed to LPS.
COMBINING FUZZY PROBABILITY AND FUZZY CLUSTERING FOR MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE IMAGERY CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Sinh Mai Dinh , Trinh Le Hung , Long Ngo Thanh
Published: September 2016

This paper proposes a method of combining fuzzy probability and fuzzy clustering algorithm to classify on multispectral satellite images by relying on fuzzy probability to calculate the number of clusters and the centroid of clusters then using fuzzy clustering to classifying land-cover on the satellite image. In fact, the classification algorithms, the initialization of the clusters and the initial centroid of clusters have great influence on the stability of the algorithms, dealing time and classification results; the unsupervised classification algorithms such as k-Means, c-Means, Iso-data are used quite common for many problems, but the disadvantages is the low accuracy and unstable, especially when dealing with the problems on the satellite image. Results of the algorithm which are proposed show significant reduction of noise in the clusters and comparison with various clustering algorithms like k-means, iso-data, so on.
EFFECT OF HOT DRYING ON THE ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT AND COLOUR CHARACTIRISTICS OF PEPPERMINT (Mentha piperita)
Authors: Chi Nguyen Kim , Thanh Thao Duong Thi , Tuan Hoang Quoc
Published: September 2016

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperature of hot air drying on the qualities of dried peppermint included essential oil content, colour parameters, colour sensory quality and modelling the colour change kinetics. The drying experiments were carried out at five air temperature of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80oC. The colour parameters for colour change of the materials were quantified by the Hunter L (whiteness/darkness), a (redness/greenness) and b (yellowness/blueness) system. These values were also used for calculation of total change (DE) as well as chroma, hue angle and Browning index. A consumer preference test was conducted with 80 consumers to assess the colour quality of 05 dried peppermints. The results showed that the decreasing of essential oils content at high drying temperature is higher than at low temperature. Least Squares regression was used to determine the relationship between colour sensory scores of consumer taster and quantification of three Hunter parameters. In that, variable “L” and “b” could be distributed to decreasing while variable “a” contributory increase the colour quality of dried peppermint products. It was observed that L, a, DE and hue angle values were fitted to the zero-order model, while b and chroma were fitted to the first-order model.
Synthesis of hydroxyl terminated liquid natural rubber by oxidative depolymerization of deproteinized natural rubber
Authors: Giang Le Duc , Thao Dinh Long Mong , Huong Hoang Thi , Thu Hiep Le Thi
Published: September 2016

Hydroxyl terminated liquid natural rubber (HTLNR) was prepared by the depolymerization of deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) in mixture of toluene and water at 60oC for 24 hours in the presence of ammonium persulfate as an initiator and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a homogenizing agent. GPC analysis revealed that the number-average molecular weight (Mn) and weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of HTLNR were found to be 4.334×103 g/mol and 11.702×103 g/mol, respectively, with polydispersity index (PDI) of  2.7. The chemical structure of HTLNR was determined by FTIR and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analysis. The mechanism of depolymerization and hydroxylation of NR to form HTNR based on the analytical data is also suggested in this study.
ESTIMATE RESERVES OF BAMBOO BORER AND THEIR PARASITE CHARACTERISTICS ON BAMBOO IN SON LA, VIETNAM
Authors: Mai Pham Quynh
Published: September 2016

Vietnam's population has been increasing, will reach 100 million peoples in the near future. When the population increased, the amount of food from traditional sources can not afford. The study of insects as food supplement in this period is very necessary. The bamboo larvae of Omphisa fuscidentalis are used as food by local peoples in mountainous provinces in Northern Vietnam in the long time. The larvae are also used as good to purchase on the domestic market today. In this paper, we presented the results of studies on the infested rates of bamboo larvae on different bamboo species and some characteristics in their parasitic larval stage and estimated reserves of the larvae in the province of Son La.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATIC CONDITION AND MANGROVE FOREST STRUCTURE ON NORTHERN COAST OF VIETNAM
Authors: Tinh Pham Hong , Hanh Nguyen Thi Hong , Tuan Mai Sy
Published: September 2016

The differences in mangrove forest structure, climate, and the linear relationship between climate and mangrove forest structure on the northern coast of Vietnam were analyzed using mangrove forest data measured in 28 sample plots (Dong Rui-8, Xuan Thuy National Park-12 and Lach Sung-8) and climate data collected at the meteorological stations near the study sites (Dong Rui-Tien Yen station, Xuan Thuy National Park-Van Ly station and Lach Sung-Thanh Hoa station) in the period of 1994 - 2012. Results showed that the differences in mangrove forest structure (stem diameter, biomass and basal area) and climate (temperature and rainfall) among study sites were significant (p < 0.05). Stem diameter, tree height, basal area and biomass had positive linear relationship with annual average temperature and January average temperature, and negative linear relationship with annual rainfall. A consistently low regression coefficient of less than 0.66 was found among the variables. However, all the regression models were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results could be used to develop multiple linear regression models to predict the change of mangrove ecosystems.
A FULL DUAL MEAN SQUARE ERROR CRITERION FOR THE EQUIVALENT LINEARIZATION
Authors: Anh Nguyen Dong , Triet Nguyen Minh
Published: September 2016

Among approximate methods, the method of equivalent linearization proposed by N. Krylov and N. Bogoliubov and extended by Caughey has remained an effective tool for both deterministic and stochastic problems. The idea of the method is based on the replacement of a nonlinear oscillator by a linear one under the same excitation. The standard way of implementing this method is that the coefficients of linearization are to be found from a criterion of equivalence. When the difference between the nonlinear function and equivalent linear one is significant the replacement leads to unaccepted errors. In order to reduce the errors one may apply the dual approach. One of significant advantages of the dual conception is its consideration of two different aspects of a problem in question allowing the investigation to be more appropriate. In this paper a special case of the weighted full dual mean square error criterion is introduced and investigated in detail. Numerical results are carried out to show that this special full dual mean square error criterion can give more accurate approximate solutions for both deterministic and random nonlinear systems.
Research Note: U.S. Senate Elections and Newspaper Competition
Authors: Vermeer Jan
Published: September 2016

The contextual factors that structure electoral contests affect election outcomes. This research examines the impact of one such factor, the existence of newspaper competition, on the closeness of election results for U.S. Senate elections, using county-level data. Using counties with cities over 50,000 in population, the study finds that additional daily newspapers in a county lead to closer elections. Controls for socio-economic factors are incorporated into the analysis. The possibility that the finding reflects a regional difference between the South and non-South is explored and rejected. Implications of these findings are briefly discussed.
Differential involvement of ascorbate and guaiacol peroxidases in soybean drought resistance
Authors: Moloi Makoena J. , Mwenye Obed J. , Van der Merwe Rouxlene
Published: September 2016

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a small but growing component of the agricultural economy of South Africa and is predicted to become a major crop in Africa because of its high protein content. Drought induction at flowering or early stages of pod development has detrimental effects on soybean yield. As antioxidative enzymes play a protective role in plants during various abiotic stress conditions, this study was conducted to investigate how ascorbate (Enzyme Commission (EC) number 1.11.1.1) and guaiacol (EC: 1.11.1.7) peroxidases are involved in soybean drought resistance at different maturity stages (flowering and pod development). We also investigated whether the levels of these enzymes decline with plant maturity. Three tolerant soybean genotypes (G1, G2, G3) and a susceptible genotype (G4*) were used. These cultivars were categorised according to their sensitivity to drought stress in previous studies. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase was significantly induced by drought stress at both growth stages with higher activity in the resistant than susceptible plants, strongly supporting the protective role of this enzyme against drought stress at both developmental stages. The guaiacol peroxidase activity was induced to higher levels in the resistant than in the susceptible plants at flowering only, with no significant increase observed at pod development stage, indicating its selective protective involvement against drought stress. Interestingly, the levels of these enzyme activities were induced in all cultivars at both developmental stages, irrespective of drought stress, indicating that their activities increased with maturity.

Significance: 

Guaiacol peroxidase is selectively involved in soybean drought resistance at flowering stage.

The upregulation of ascorbate peroxidase activity at both growth stages in drought-resistant cultivars suggests that this enzyme could be used as a biochemical marker of drought resistance in soybeans.

In contrast to the literature, activities of both enzymes increased with maturity irrespective of whether the plant is drought susceptible or resistant.
Implications of summer breeding frogs from Langebaanweg, South Africa: Regional climate evolution at 5.1 mya
Authors: Matthews Thalassa , Measey G. John , Roberts †David L.
Published: September 2016

No direct palaeoclimatic proxies have been available to indicate the seasonality or amount of rainfall on the west coast of southern Africa during the Early Pliocene. The Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) is today one of the factors responsible for the present-day aridity on the west coast of southern Africa. The initiation of the BUS is frequently linked to the entrenchment of aridity and the establishment of the current winter rainfall pattern on the west coast; however, marine proxies are inconclusive regarding the effects of past fluctuations in the BUS and sea surface temperatures on the rainfall regime. Neither the fossil evidence nor the fact that plants using the C3 photosynthetic pathway predominate at this time, provide direct evidence of winter rainfall at Langebaanweg. We challenge certain assumptions which are commonly made in the literature regarding the timing of inception of a winter rainfall regime on the west coast and the onset of aridity in the Langebaan region, and provide new evidence as to seasonality of rainfall at Langebaanweg in the Early Pliocene. Herein, the identification of frog species from the genus Ptychadena from Langebaanweg provides new and compelling evidence for a summer rainfall regime, or of at least significant summer rainfall, at 5.1 mya in the southwestern Cape of South Africa.

Significance: 

Advances understanding of the evolution of the winter rainfall zone on the west coast of South Africa
Assesses evidence for the inception of aridity and a winter rainfall regime on the west coast of South Africa
Fossil Ptychadenidae from the Early Pliocene site of Langebaanweg provide evidence for a summer rainfall regime at 5.1 mya on the west coast of the southwestern Cape.
SIKAP MASYARAKAT PENGRAJIN DAN PEDAGANG KERAMIK TERHADAP BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA SUNDA
Authors: Baginda Putrasulung
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Sikap Masyarakat Pengrajin dan Pedagang Keramik terhadap Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Sunda. Masyarakat indonesia pada umumnya merupakan komunitas yang mampu menggunakan dua bahasa, yaitu bahasa daerah dan bahasa Indonesia. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kedua bahasa ini digunakan sesuai dengan konteks yang dipandang relevan oleh pengguna bahasa. Tulisan ini berupaya menjelaskan, pada konteks apa saja bahasa Sunda dan bahasa Indonesia digunakan oleh masyarakat Plered, Purwakarta. Lokasi ini dipilih karena merupakan domisili para pedagang Sunda di wilayah yang sering dilalui oleh warga dari wilayah yang tidak berbahasa Sunda. Selain itu, diungkap pula latar belakang penggunaan tiap bahasa dalam konteks masing-masing. Melalui kajian ini, diungkap sikap masyarakat terhadap bahasa Sunda dan bahasa Indonesia. Kata kunci: bahasa sunda, bahasa indonesia, sikap terhadap bahasa Abstract Community Attitudes of Ceramics Creators and Traders towards Indonesian and Sundanes Language. Indonesian society in general is a community that is able to use two languages, the local language and the Indonesian language. In everyday life, the two languages are used in the context that is relevant to the user of the language. This paper attempts to explain, in which context are Sundanese and Indonesian languages are used by people in Plered,  Purwakarta. This location was chosen because it is the residence of the Sundanese traders in areas frequently traveled by residents of the area who do not speak Sundanese. In addition, the background of the use of each language is also revealed in the context of each. Through this study, the attitudes of the community towards Sundanese and Indonesian are revealed. Keywords: sundanese, indonesian, attitudes towards language
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL COMMUNICATION DANS LES AFFAIRES DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA PERANCIS BISNIS DI SMK
Authors: Rakhmat Soeprapto , Mutiarsih Yuliarti , Mulyadi Yadi
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Implementasi Model Communication dans les Affaires dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Perancis Bisnis di SMK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan implementasi model Communication dans les Affaires dalam pembelajaran bahasa Perancis Bisnis di SMK se-Kota dan Kabupaten Bandung pada SMK Kelas X Program Keahlian Manajemen Bisnis dan Perkantoran; (2) memperoleh data terkait kontribusi model tersebut dalam meningkatkan kompetensi bahasa Perancis Bisnis siswa SMK,dan; (3) memperoleh informasi tentang kelebihan dan kekurangan model tersebut dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Perancis Bisnis di SMK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode penelitian yang dipilih adalah pra ekperimental dengan desain penelitian the one shot-case study. Model yang diteliti dapat berkontribusi positif dalam membantu meningkatkan kompetensi bahasa Perancis bisnis siswa SMK kelas X Program Keahlian Administrasi Perkantoran sesuai dengan komunikasi bisnis frankofon.      Kata kunci: kompetensi bahasa Perancis bisnis, model communication dans les affaires, FLE, FOS Abstract       Model of Communication dans les Affaires Implementation into Bussiness French Langguage of Learning in SMK. This study aims at: (1) describing an implementation of communication dans les Affaires model in learning Business French in SMK in Bandung City and Country at X Class of Vocational and Business Management Office, (2) obtaining data related to the contribution of the model in improving Business French language competence of vocational students, and, (3) obtaining information about the adventages and disadvantages of the model in the process of learning Business French language in SMK. This study used a quantitative approach and research method selected is pre experimental research design with the one-shot case study. Based on the results of the research, data showed that the model under the study which is a model of learning Communication dans les affaires provided positive contribution in helping to improve the competence of vocational students of class X of the Office Administration Skills Program in understanding the concept of Business Francophone Frech and to practice appropriate communication based on francophone business situations.Keywords: business French skills, models of communication dans les affaires, FLE, FOS
RELASI ANTARTEKS DALAM PENGKAJIAN SASTRA
Authors: Sumiyadi Sumiyadi
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Relasi Antarteks dalam Pengkajian Sastra. Relasi antarteks terdapat dalam karya sastra yang di dalamnya membayangkan teks lain. Dalam mengkaji teks demikian, kita biasanya langsung mengkaitkannya dengan konsep intertekstual, padahal konsep tersebut berkaitan dengan teori pascastruktural sehingga dalam pengkajiannya, kita harus mengikuti prinsip-prinsip pascastrukturalisme. Relasi teks juga mensyaratkan kita untuk melakukan kajian bandingan, yang dalam kajian sastra dapat menggunakan konsep sastra bandingan. Kajian sastra bandingan tidak berkaitan dengan salah satu teori. Bahkan, teori apapum dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan sastra bandingan. Sehubungan dengan relasi teks dalam dunia sastra merupakan fenomena menarik, kemungkinan banyak pihak atau peneliti yang tertarik untuk mengkajinya. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan landasan teori sastra yang kukuh dan relevan sehingga menghsilkan kajian sastra yang bermakna dengan kadar ilmiah yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Penegasan ciri pembeda antara prinsip kajian sastra bandingan dan prinsip kajian intertekstual dalam tulisan ini merupakan upaya ke arah pengkajian sastra yang demikian.Kata kunci: teks, intertekstual, pascastruktural, sastra bandingan   Abstract Inter-textual Relation in Literary Studies. Inter-texts relation exista in literary works; one work shadows the other. In studying such texts we often immediately link them with the concept of intertextuality that belongs to post-structuralism. Texts relation also requires us to compare literary works using comparative literary study concepts. Comparative literary studies are not related with one specific theory. Any theory can be employed. Texts relation is an iteresting phenomenon that invites many to investigate. For this reason we need a grounded and relevant literary theory that will facilitate insightful and reliable literary studies. The difference between comparative literature principles and inter-textual studies principles are discussed in the article. Keywords: texts, intertextuality, post-structuralism, comparative literature.
TRADISI LISAN MALE-MALE: NYANYIAN KEMATIAN DALAM MASYARAKAT CIACIA: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGIS DAN UPAYA PEWARISAN
Authors: Asrif Asrif
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Tradisi Lisan Male-Male: Nyayian Kematian dalam Masyarakat Ciacia: Kajian Sosiologis dan upaya Pewarisan. Male-Male merupakan syair yang dinyanyikan sesaat setelah seorang warga yang dianggap sosok sempurna meninggal dunia. Tradisi lisan ini menggambarkan penghargaan masyarakat terhadap sosok sempurna melalui ungkapan kesedihan, kerinduan, ketabahan, dan puji-pujian. Pelaksanaan Male-Male memiliki sejumlah fungsi, baik fungsi pribadi (penutur dan tuan rumah) maupun fungsi bagi masyarakat (warga yang melayat). Bagi penutur dan tuan rumah, tradisi ini berfungsi untuk menghibur, kepedulian sesama, penyebaran nilai-nilai sosial dan agama, prestise, dan mewariskan tradisi. Bagi masyarakat, Male-Male berfungsi sebagai sarana mengingatkan diri akan kematian, memperkokoh keimanan, dan meningkatkan empati, serta solidaritas sesama. Diperlukan upaya pewarisan dalam menjaga keberlanjutan tradisi ini. Pewamisan formal yakni melalui sekolah, sedangkan pewarisan informal melalui penguatan lembaga adat.Kata kunci: Tradisi Lisan, Male-Male, Sosiologis, dan Pewarisan         Abstract Oral Tradition of Male-Male: Death Anthem Ciacia: Sosiological Studies and an Effort to Pass It On to the next Generation. Male-Male is lyrics sung upon the death of a member of the society who is considered a perfect person. This oral tradition shows the society appreciation towards the person through the expression of sadness, longing, partience and praises. Male-Male serves various functions; both private functions (the singer and host), and societal function (the guests). For th singer and the host, this tradition serves as consolation, caring towards other members, dissemination of social values and religion, prestige, and passing on a tradition. For the society, Male-Male functions as a self remainder of death, strengthening faith, increasing empathy and solidarity. Efforts to guarantee the continuity of this tradition by the next generation are required. Formal effortcan be made through schools, and the informal ones can be made through the strengthening of tradition bodies.Keywords: Oral tradition, Male-Male, Sociology, and Passing the tradition
VISI-VISI POSTMODERN DALAM KESUSASTRAAN JERMAN AWAL ABAD KE-20
Authors: Syafrudin Dudy
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Visi-Visi PostModern dalam Kesusastraan Jerman Awal Abad ke-20. Aliran pemikiran postmodern yang menyeruak di segala bidang kehidupan mulai dirasakan pada paruh kedua abad ke-20. Namun akar pemikiran tersebut sudah mulai tampak pada abad ke-19. Kritik terhadap pemikiran modern itu muncul dalam berbagai ekspresi masyarakat, seperti seni, arsitektur, dan sastra. Dalam kesusastraan Jerman pemikiran yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai visi postmodern dapat kita temukan dalam beberapa karya sastranya yang terbit pada awal abad ke-20. Tulisan ini membahas tentang visi-visi postmodern yang terdapat dalam novel Siddahartha karya Hermann Hesse yang ditulis pada tahun 1919. Pembahasan difokuskan kepada visi spiritualitas postmoden. Visi-visi spiritualitas tersebut muncul dalam gambaran tentang tokoh utamanya dan relasi antar tokoh serta latarnya. Spiritualitas yang bersifat internal, esensial, dan konstitutif serta spiritualitas yang bersifat organis hadir menjadi penawar permasalahan modernism pada masa karya tersebut ditulis.Kata kunci: Postmodern, Siddhartha, spiritualitas Abstract Postmodern Visions In German Literature In The Beginning Of 20th Century. The flow of postmodern thinking in all areas of life began to imerge in the second half of the 20th century However; the roots of these ideas already started to appear in the 19th century. Criticism towards modern thinking occured in various expressions of the society, such as art, architecture, and literature. In German literature, ideas that can be categorized as postmodern vision can be found in several literary works published in the early 20th century. This paper discusses the postmodern visions contained in the novel Siddhartha written by Hermann Hesse in 1919. The discussion in this paper focuses on the vision of postmodern spirituality. The spiritual visions appear in the description of the main character and intercharacter relationships, and background. Spirituality which is internal, essential, and constitutive, and spirituality that is organis comes to netralize the issue of modernism at the time the work was written.Keywords: postmodern, Siddhartha, spirituality
TRANSFORMASI FOLKLOR LISAN NINI ANTEH KE NOVEL DONGENG NINI ANTEH KARYA A.S. KESUMA
Authors: Harini Yostiani Noor Asmi
Published: September 2016

Abstrak            Transformasi Folklor Lisan Nini Anteh ke Novel Dongeng Nini Anteh Karya A.S. Kesuma. Cerita Nini Anteh merupakan folklor lisan masyarakat Sunda. Folklor lisan dan novel cerita Nini Anteh ini dijadian sumber data penelitian dalam penelitian ini. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teori tentang transformasi yang dikemukakan oleh Riffaterre. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran struktur kedua karya tersebut ditemukan adanya ekspansi, konversi, modifikasi pada tataran alur dan pengaluran, karakter, dan latar. Dalam kedua karya terdapat irisan berupa penggambaran Nini Anteh yang pekerjaanya berkaitan dengan produksi tekstil, tidak dapat mengandung dan melahirkan anak. Pergi kebulan karena suatu hal, dan ditemani Candramawat (kucing yang memiliki tiga warna bulu: putih, kuning, dan hitam). Irisan terjadi karena ada hal-hal yang ingin dipertahankan oleh penulis novel. Yaitu bahwa masyarakat Sunda yang memiliki religiusitas “ibu” memandang sosok Nini Anteh sebagai sosok yang tidak bisa “memberi” kehidupan. Oleh sebab itu, Nini Anteh ditempatkan di bulan, tepat terpisah dari masyarakat bumi.           Kata kunci: transformasi, folklor lisan, novel, dongeng Nini Anteh  Abstract            The Transformation From Oral Folklore Of Nini Anteh To The Novel Of Nini Anteh Tale By A.S. Kesuma. The paper is entitled “The Transformation from Oral Folklore of Nini Anteh to the Novel of Nini Anteh Tale by A.S Kesuma “. The data in this study are in the form of an oral folklore and a novel. The theory used in this research is the transformation theory proposed by Riffaterre. Based on the results of exploration of the structure of the two works, it was found that there are some expansions, conversions, modifications at the level of plot and plotting, character, and background. In both works, there are intersections between them in the form of the depictions of Nini Anteh whose work related to the production of textiles, who was unable to conceive and bear childern, who went to the moon for a reason, and was accompained by Candramawat (a three-colored fur cat: white, yellow, and black). The intersections occur because there are things to be maintained by the novelist: that the Sundanesse people who have religiosity of “mother” figure view Nini Anteh as someone who cannot “provide” life. Therefore, Nini Anteh is placed on the moon, a place apart from the earth.           Keywords: transformation, oral folklore, novel, tale of Nini Anteh