bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METODE TAKRIR DALAM MENGHAFAL AL-QUR AN DI PONDOK PESANTREN MADRASATUL QUR AN TEBUIRENG JOMBANG
Authors: Suhari  , Basarrudin Muhammad , Slamet Moh. , Ghozali Muhammad , Sulistiawati Dewi
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the Takrir Method in Memorizing the Qur'an at Madrasatul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School Tebuireng Jombang. This research is a qualitative research with a naturalistic approach. The data collection techniques in this study are: (1) observation, (2) interviews, and (3) documentation. Sources of data in this study were caregivers, ustad, documents, and other related parties. This research resulted in several findings, as follows: 1) The Takrir method in the Madrasatul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School has been going well, namely the students deposit their memorization to the ustad or badal who has been appointed directly by the caretaker. Before depositing their memorization, the students prepare their memorization by assessing (repeating) their memorization either by themselves or asking their friends to accept the memorization that will be deposited. At night, the santri do the mudarosah activity which consists of three people, one person reads his memorization, two people listen and take turns. However, it is not perfect yet with some obstacles. 2) The inhibiting factor that is felt by the student is that the student have difficulty managing time because the santri have two obligations, namely memorizing and going to school and for pure tahfid students they feel that they have a lot of time so that they delay and feel there is time later to evaluate memorization, not realizing the benefits of assessing their memorization when it is time in group mudarosah activities where students should evaluate their memorization in groups but in reality students tend to evaluate their memorization individually, and there is a lack of istiqomah in students in assessing their memorization. 3) Supporting factors include: the existence of adequate infrastructure facilities, and policies from caregivers in terms of developing the creativity of ustadz and students with guidance in the scientific field, reading fashohah, coaching management, and Qiro'ah coaching for students. 4) The solution to overcoming the inhibiting factors is by managing time, taking attendance for memorizing students by means that every time students will deposit their memorization they must bring a report card and submit it to the ustad and the report card will be evaluated once a month and their memorization will be evaluated once every four months. So that this solution can overcome the inhibiting factors of the takrir method in memorizing the Qur'an in PP.MQ
Representasi Nilai Budaya Suku Batak Pada Film Ngeri- Ngeri Sedap Karya Bene Dionysius Rajagukguk
Authors: Alam Muhammad Rafli Dwi Nur Alam , Anwari
Published: August 2024

Film is a means of mass communication that is in demand by many people, besides that, film is able to provide information that is easily accepted by all walks of life. This study aims to determine the Representation of the Cultural Values of the Batak Tribe in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap by Bene Dionysius Rajagukguk. As for this study, the researcher formulates the problem in this thesis into two, namely: (1) What are the iconic signs, indexes and redaction symbols in Bene Dionysius Rajagukguk's Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap film. (2) How is the representation of the cultural values of the Batak tribe in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap by Bene Dionysius Rajagukguk. To answer the two formulations of the problem, the researcher conducted a study using Charles Sanders Pierce's Semiotics theory. This research is a non-stakeholder qualitative research. The form of analysis used is Charles Sanders Pierce's Semiotic theory using three types of signs, namely icons, indexes and symbols. The data for this study were collected through an analysis of each scene or scene in the Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap film. The results of this study indicate that the representation of the cultural values of the Batak people in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap is shown through everyday scenes carried out by the characters Pak Domu, Mak Domu, Domu, Sarma, Gabe and Sahat. Symbols of cultural values of the Batak tribe are manifested through the use of language, clothing and customs. the meaning of the cultural symbol depicted in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap is the culture of the Batak tribe which is very thick with its cultural values that have been passed down from generation to generation, so that it is able to become a guideline in carrying out social life.
 
Keyword: Representation, Cultural Values, Batak Tribe, Semiotic Analysis, Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap Films.
Mahar Uang Hiasan Menurut Perpektif Madzhab Imam Syafi’i dan Imam Hanafi
Authors: Janna Sirojul , Al-Amin Habibi
Published: August 2024

This research is a qualitative field research. The author used three data collection techniques to obtain data, namely interviews, observation and documentation. The author uses data analysis techniques in the form of objective interpretations. The conclusion from the general research is that giving a dowry of decoration is permissible as long as it has economic value. Giving dowry in the form money, goods or services must have benefits for the life of his wife, including fulfilling the dowry requirements in Islamic law. The majority of married couples use dowry money as a symbol of marriage to make it look more impressive and unique. Imam Asy-syafi’I defines dowry as something that is obligatory because of marriage or intercourse, or the passing of a woman’s honor without power, such as the result of breastfeeding and the without al of witnesses. According to imam syafi’I the complete pillars of marriage are as follows: prospective wife, prospective husband, 2 witnesses, guardian, shighat.  According to imam Hanafi, dowry is giving a number of assets which are the rights of the wife, because of marriage ties or because of different types of sexual relation based on Islamic law. The imam Hanafi school of are the right of the wife, due to a marriage contract, or due to actual intercourse. Meanwhile, according to imam malik, dowry is the cause and effect of the halal relationship between husband and wife. Imam hambali’s opinion is that dowry is a reward for a marriage, whether it is stated clearly in the marriage contract, determined after the contract is agreed upon by both parties, or determined by the judge. 
 
Keyword: dowry money decoration
Konstruksi Makna Hijab Dalam Film Merindu Cahaya De Amstel Karya Arumi e.
Authors: Fadhilah Chusnul , Malayati Robi’ah Machtumah
Published: August 2024

The association of hijab with the identity of Muslim women remains a subject of debate. Women have an important position in Islam. Islam is very concerned about the dignity and dignity of women.  One of the social constructions formed by mass media is the social construction of veiled women. The social construction displayed by the mass media regarding veiled women fosters a certain image in society.  Film is an audiovisual medium used to convey messages to groups of people congregating in a particular location. The main topic of discussion in this karya is the plot and specific details that are contained in the movie Merindu cahaya de Amstel. Qualitative research methods were used in this study. The purpose of this study is to describe the signs of the meaning of hijab and the structure of the meaning of hijab in the film Merindu Cahaya de Amstel by Arumi E. Maxstream Original and Unlimited Production. Utilized data collection techniques include document analysis and case study research. To answer the formulation of the problem described above, researchers use a qualitative approach using the semiotic analysis model of Charles Sanders Peirce. As a result, researchers found several meanings of hijab in the film Merindu Cahaya de Amstel: (1) The meaning of hijab as an identity Muslim women.  (2) Maintain the social behavior of a Muslim woman.  (3) Hijab embodying women with noble morals.  (4) Exalting a person Muslimah. (5) Hijab as an obligation for Muslim women.
Keywords: Construction, Meaning of Hijab, Semiotics.
Pandangan Tokoh Masyarakat Terhadap Pernikahan di Bulan Suro Tinjauan Hukum Islam Studi Kasus di Desa Dragan Kecamatan Tamansari Kabupaten Boyolali
Authors: Malik Hidayat Nabil , Masrohin
Published: August 2024

Abstract— (People in Dragan Village avoid getting married in the month of Suro because it is said to bring bad luck. The overall objective of this study is to study how religious and political leaders view marriage in the month of Suro according to Islamic law. A qualitative, normative research strategy was used for this research. The next step is to collect data by conducting interviews and keeping notes in the field. According to research findings, marriages in the month of Suro originate from the desire to uphold ancestral customs. The results of the urf assessment include urf authentic if the motivation is only to avoid doubts and caution in getting married, but urf fasid if he feels that getting married in the month of Suro can bring disaster to the bride and groom.
Keyword: Married, The Month of Suro, and Urf
How Does Meaning Affect the Perceived Value of Art? The Case of Chinese Calligraphy
Authors: Song Yuqing , Radermecker Anne-Sophie
Published: August 2024

How does meaning making affect the perceived value of art? In this paper, we focus on a unique form of art, Chinese calligraphy, to explore the effects of literal meaning on the perceived value of art combining both words and aesthetic quality. Based on a 2*4 between-subjects factorial experiment (n = 451), we find evidence that the provision of transcriptions for Chinese calligraphy artworks can have certain impact on the works’ perceived value. Specifically, our findings suggest that transcriptions enhance the appreciation of the value of the literal content and the perceived beauty of certain artwork. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the effect of meaning on the perceived value of Chinese calligraphy artworks, information supply on aesthetic experiences, and the value of Chinese calligraphy as intangible cultural heritage. Recommendations for stakeholders including auction houses are provided.
Unveiling microbial dynamics in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent nontumor tissues: insights from nicotine exposure and diverse clinical stages via nanopore sequencing technology
Authors: Yang Kangli , Wang Shuaifeng , Ding Zheng , Zhang Kai , Zhu Weiwei , Wang Huifen , Pan Mengshu , Li Xiangnan , Wang Hongmin , Yu Zujiang
Published: August 2024

Background

Lung is the largest mucosal area of the human body and directly connected to the external environment, facing microbial exposure and environmental stimuli. Therefore, studying the internal microorganisms of the lung is crucial for a deeper understanding of the relationship between microorganisms and the occurrence and progression of lung cancer.

Methods

Tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues were collected from 38 lung adenocarcinoma patients and used nanopore sequencing technology to sequence the 16s full-length sequence of bacteria, and combining bioinformatics methods to identify and quantitatively analyze microorganisms in tissues, as well as to enrich the metabolic pathways of microorganisms.

Results

the microbial composition in lung adenocarcinoma tissues is highly similar to that in adjacent tissues, but the alpha diversity is significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues. The difference analysis results show that the bacterial communities of Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Neisseriales were significantly enriched in cancer tissues. The results of metabolic pathway analysis indicate that pathways related to cellular communication, transcription, and protein synthesis were significantly enriched in cancer tissue. In addition, clinical staging analysis of nicotine exposure and lung cancer found that Haemophilus, paralinfluenzae, Streptococcus gordonii were significantly enriched in the nicotine exposure group, while the microbiota of Cardiobactereae and Cardiobacterales were significantly enriched in stage II tumors. The microbiota significantly enriched in IA-II stages were Neisseriaeae, Enterobacteriales, and Cardiobacterales, respectively.

Conclusion

Nanopore sequencing technology was performed on the full length 16s sequence, which preliminarily depicted the microbial changes and enrichment of microbial metabolic pathways in tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues. The relationship between nicotine exposure, tumor progression, and microorganisms was explored, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of lung cancer through microbial targets.
Woody plants diversity and the associated provisioning ecosystem services across three contrasting forest management regimes in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kebebew Zerihun , Ozanne Claire
Published: August 2024

Woody plants are a source of provisioning ecosystem services. Coffee management impacts forest composition, structure, and diversity. We studied the effect of coffee management intensification on woody plants and their associated provisioning ecosystem services under three contrasting forest management regimes in southwest Ethiopia. The study employed mixed approaches (vegetation assessment and ethnoecological study) to collect the data. Woody plants were collected from 189 plots and perceived local ecosystem services were identified by 136 individuals through an ethnoecological approach. The total number of woody plants recorded in the natural forest, coffee forest, and coffee agroforest was 971, 945, and 521 respectively. Species richness in natural forest, coffee forest, and coffee agroforest were 57, 54, and 53 respectively. The local people perceived 17 different provisioning ecosystem services collected from the three forest types. The result showed that there is a positive relationship between the diversity and use value of woody plants across the three forest management regimes. Coffee management intensification simplifies the stand structure, woody plant composition, and ecosystem services of the forest. Plant use value increases in coffee agroforests. Coffee agroforests can serve as repositories of diversity and ecosystem services in southwest Ethiopia.
Development and eruption of human teeth in the Chinese population: a comprehensive dental atlas
Authors: Jayaraman Jayakumar
Published: August 2024

Aim

The first comprehensive chart on dental development was published 75 years ago based on Caucasian children and this has been used as a standard dental chart to date. Few population specific charts have been developed recently and updated dental charts on modern subjects can provide more information on dental development patterns. This study aims to construct a comprehensive dental atlas for modern Chinese children and young adults to assist in clinical, forensic, and public health applications.

Methods

The study sample comprised of 2,306 subjects, age ranging from 2 to 24 years belonging to Chinese ethnicity. Dental formation and eruption of permanent teeth and resorption of primary teeth were analyzed separately for females and males. For each age range, the number of teeth (n), and the stage of development was calculated for first (Q1), second (Q2) and third quartiles (Q3). Similar analysis was performed for the position of permanent teeth and the resorption of primary teeth. To determine the variations between the sex, Mann-Whitney U-test was conducted by comparing the median (Q2) stages.

Results

Variations in dental formation and eruption of permanent teeth and resorption of primary teeth were observed between maxillary and mandibular dentitions and between the sex, however the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.535 to p = 1.000). The dental atlas was presented separately for Chinese females and males.

Conclusion

This atlas on modern Chinese population serves as a practical tool to assist in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning, in forensic investigations as well as indicators of developments in public health.
Does autoimmune diseases increase the risk of frailty? A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Jinlei , Zhang Yuan , Ni Ting , Li Yanlei , Shao Haiyu , Wang Fei , Xu Sen , Huang Yazeng , Zhang Jun , Zhao Tingxiao
Published: August 2024

Background

The causality of autoimmune diseases with frailty has not been firmly established. We conducted this Mendelian randomization (MR) study to unveil the causal associations between autoimmune diseases with frailty.

Methods

A MR analyses were performed to explore the relationships between autoimmune disease and frailty, using summary genome-wide association statistics.

Results

Through a comprehensive and meticulous screening process, we incorporated 46, 7, 12, 20, 5, and 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) for hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), and overall autoimmune disease, respectively. Our analysis revealed that hypothyroidism (OR = 1.023, 95% CI: 1.008–1.038, p = 0.0015), hyperthyroidism (OR = 1.024, 95% CI: 1.004–1.045, p = 0.0163), RA (OR = 1.031, 95% CI: 1.011–1.052, p = 0.0017), T1D (OR = 1.011, 95% CI: 1.004–1.017, p = 0.0012), and overall autoimmune disease (OR = 1.044, 95% CI: 1.028–1.061, p = 5.32*10^-8) exhibited a positive causal effect on frailty. Conversely, there may be a negative causal association between MS (OR = 0.984, 95% CI: 0.977–0.992, p = 4.87*10^-5) and frailty. Cochran’s Q test indicated heterogeneity among IVs derived from hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, T1D, and overall autoimmune diseases. The MR-Egger regression analyzes revealed an absence of horizontal pleiotropy in any of the conducted analyses.

Conclusion

This study elucidates that hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, RA, T1D, and overall autoimmune disease were linked to an elevated risk of frailty. Conversely, MS appears to be associated with a potential decrease in the risk of frailty.
Individuals carrying the HLA-B*15 allele exhibit favorable responses to COVID-19 vaccines but are more susceptible to Omicron BA.5.2 and XBB.1.16 infection
Authors: Meng Lingxin , Pan Yue , Liu Yueping , He Rui , Sun Yuting , Wang Chenhui , Fei Lei , Zhu Airu , Wang Zhongfang , An Yunfei , Wu Yuzhang , Diao Bo , Chen Yongwen
Published: August 2024

Background

Natural infection or vaccination have provided robust immune defense against SARS-CoV-2 invasion, nevertheless, Omicron variants still successfully cause breakthrough infection, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

Methods

Sequential blood samples were continuously collected at different time points from 252 volunteers who were received the CanSino Ad5-nCoV (n= 183) vaccine or the Sinovac CoronaVac inactivated vaccine (n= 69). The anti-SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.5.2 as well as XBB.1.16 variant neutralizing antibodies (Nab) in sera were detected by ELISA. Sera were also used to measure pseudo and live virus neutralization assay. The associations between the anti-prototype Nab levels and different HLA-ABC alleles were analyzed using artificial intelligence (AI)-deep learning techniques. The frequency of B cells in PBMCs was investigated by flow cytometry assay (FACs).

Results

Individuals carrying the HLA-B*15 allele manifested the highest concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 prototype Nab after vax administration. Unfortunately, these volunteers are more susceptible to Omicron BA.5.2 breakthrough infection due to their sera have poorer anti-BA.5.2 Nab and lower levels of viral neutralization efficacy. FACs confirmed that a significant decrease in CD19+CD27+RBD+ memory B cells in these HLA-B*15 population compared to other cohorts. Importantly, generating lower concentrations of cross-reactive anti-XBB.1.16 Nab post-BA.5.2 infection caused HLA-B*15 individuals to be further infected by XBB.1.16 variant.

Conclusions

Individuals carrying the HLA-B*15 allele respond better to COVID-19 vax including the CanSino Ad5-nCoV and the Sinovac CoronaVac inactivated vaccines, but are more susceptible to Omicron variant infection, thus, a novel vaccine against this population is necessary for COVID-19 pandemic control in the future.
Mechanisms underlying the development of type 1 diabetes in ART-treated people living with HIV: an enigmatic puzzle
Authors: Zaongo Silvere D. , Zongo Abel W. , Chen Yaokai
Published: August 2024

The immunopathogenesis of HIV infection remains poorly understood. Despite the widespread use of effective modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) are known to develop several comorbidities, including type 1 diabetes (T1DM). However, the etiology and critical mechanisms accounting for the onset of T1DM in the preceding context remain unknown. This article proposes to address this topic in order to provide further understanding and future research directions.
Numerical investigation on the evolutionary characteristics of landslide dam-break flow in a wet-bed channel with riparian vegetation
Authors: Song Gangyong , Chen Yong , Zhao Penghui , Yuan Hao
Published: August 2024

Riparian vegetation always grows on both sides of a natural river during a dam-break event, while the river typically retains some water instead of completely drying out. The RNG k-ϵ turbulence model is employed to examine the evolutionary characteristics of the dam-break flow in the downstream vegetated channel. This model facilitates the analysis of water-level fluctuations, velocity distributions, and the retardation effects of vegetation on the dam-break flow by varying the initial water depth (IWD) in the downstream channel. Results indicates that as the water depth in the downstream channel increases, the dam-break wave tends to form more readily, possesses a larger amplitude, and the duration of rapid congestion in the dam-break current decreases. Hence, the surface velocity gradually declines and shows an intermittent distribution. Vegetation impedes the flow evolution in the vegetated area, an effect that diminishes progressively with increasing IWD. In contrast, vegetation hastens the evolution of water flow in the main channel, which remains minimally affected by the IWD.
Identification of cross-talk pathways and PANoptosis-related genes in periodontitis and Alzheimer’s disease by bioinformatics analysis and machine learning
Authors: Chen Xiantao , Dai Yifei , Li Yushen , Xin Jiajun , Zou Jiatong , Wang Rui , Zhang Hao , Liu Zhihui
Published: August 2024

Background and objectives

Periodontitis (PD), a chronic inflammatory disease, is a serious threat to oral health and is one of the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A growing body of evidence suggests that the two diseases are closely related. However, current studies have not provided a comprehensive understanding of the common genes and common mechanisms between PD and AD. This study aimed to screen the crosstalk genes of PD and AD and the potential relationship between cross-talk and PANoptosis-related genes. The relationship between core genes and immune cells will be analyzed to provide new targets for clinical treatment.

Materials and methods

The PD and AD datasets were downloaded from the GEO database and differential expression analysis was performed to obtain DEGs. Overlapping DEGs had cross-talk genes linking PD and OP, and PANoptosis-related genes were obtained from a literature review. Pearson coefficients were used to compute cross-talk and PANoptosis-related gene correlations in the PD and AD datasets. Cross-talk genes were obtained from the intersection of PD and AD-related genes, protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks were constructed and cross-talk genes were identified using the STRING database. The intersection of cross-talk and PANoptosis-related genes was defined as cross-talk-PANoptosis genes. Core genes were screened using ROC analysis and XGBoost. PPI subnetwork, gene-biological process, and gene-pathway networks were constructed based on the core genes. In addition, immune infiltration on the PD and AD datasets was analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm.

Results

366 cross-talk genes were overlapping between PD DEGs and AD DEGs. The intersection of cross-talk genes with 109 PANoptosis-related genes was defined as cross-talk-PANoptosis genes. ROC and XGBoost showed that MLKL, DCN, IL1B, and IL18 were more accurate than the other cross-talk-PANoptosis genes in predicting the disease, as well as better in overall characterization. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the four core genes were involved in immunity and inflammation in the organism. Immune infiltration analysis showed that B cells naive, Plasma cells, and T cells gamma delta were significantly differentially expressed in patients with PD and AD compared with the normal group. Finally, 10 drugs associated with core genes were retrieved from the DGIDB database.

Conclusion

This study reveals the joint mechanism between PD and AD associated with PANoptosis. Analyzing the four core genes and immune cells may provide new therapeutic directions for the pathogenesis of PD combined with AD.
Combining the deployment of only the distal basket segment of the EMBOTRAP III and an aspiration catheter for M2 occlusions: the ONE-SEG technique
Authors: Hamada Yuki , Matsuoka Hideki , Sato Shinsuke , Kawabata Yutaro , Iwamoto Kana , Ikeda Mei , Sato Takeo , Takaguchi Go , Takashima Hiroshi
Published: August 2024

Background

Endovascular therapy (EVT) for distal medium vessel occlusions requires prioritizing effectiveness and safety. We developed a technique combining the deployment of only the distal basket segment of the EMBOTRAP III and an aspiration catheter (AC) for M2 occlusions, called the “ONE-SEG technique,” and evaluated its clinical and technical impacts.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of 30 consecutive patients with M2 segment middle cerebral artery occlusion treated using the ONE-SEG technique. This method involves deploying the EMBOTRAP III through a microcatheter in only one segment and guiding the AC to the M2 origin or distal M1. The rates of final-pass expanded thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (eTICI) scores of 2c/3 or 2b/2c/3, safety (symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage [sICH]), and clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–2, 0–3 at 90 days, and mortality at 90 days) were evaluated.

Results

Of the 30 cases, 36.7% were female, and the mean age was 75.6 ± 11.0 years. The ONE-SEG technique was used for 17 cases (56.7%, median NIHSS 10 [5–15.5]) with primary M2 occlusion and 13 cases (43.3%, median NIHSS 20 [14–22.5]) with secondary M2 occlusion after proximal thrombus removal. The successful final reperfusion rate (eTICI 2b/2c/3) was 90% overall (27/30 cases). One case (3.3%) developed sICH with secondary M2 occlusion. At 3 months, mRS scores 0–2 were seen in 64.7% of patients with primary M2 occlusion (11/17 cases) and in 23.1% (3/13 cases) with secondary M2 occlusion.

Conclusion

EVT using the ONE-SEG technique appears to be safe and effective for M2 occlusion.
Sex differences in patterns of white matter neuroplasticity after balance training in young adults
Authors: Kirby Eric D. , Andrushko Justin W. , Boyd Lara A. , Koschutnig Karl , D’Arcy Ryan C. N.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

In past work we demonstrated different patterns of white matter (WM) plasticity in females versus males associated with learning a lab-based unilateral motor skill. However, this work was completed in neurologically intact older adults. The current manuscript sought to replicate and expand upon these WM findings in two ways: (1) we investigated biological sex differences in neurologically intact young adults, and (2) participants learned a dynamic full-body balance task.

Methods

24 participants (14 female, 10 male) participated in the balance training intervention, and 28 were matched controls (16 female, 12 male). Correlational tractography was used to analyze changes in WM from pre- to post-training.

Results

Both females and males demonstrated skill acquisition, yet there were significant differences in measures of WM between females and males. These data support a growing body of evidence suggesting that females exhibit increased WM neuroplasticity changes relative to males despite comparable changes in motor behavior (e.g., balance).

Discussion

The biological sex differences reported here may represent an important factor to consider in both basic research (e.g., collapsing across females and males) as well as future clinical studies of neuroplasticity associated with motor function (e.g., tailored rehabilitation approaches).
Association of systemic immune-inflammation index with malnutrition among Chinese hospitalized patients: a nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Mengyuan , Wang Shu-an , Yang Jiayao , Bai Jiawang , Gu Jingyue , Luo Haolong , Zhang Xudong , Han Yan , Shao Jihong , Xu Yan , Guo Shuyan , Ren Xiangmei
Published: August 2024

Background

Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is associated with increased risk in a wide range of illnesses. However, few studies have explored the associations between SII and the risk of malnutrition. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between SII and malnutrition in a nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study involving Chinese hospitalized patients.

Design

From August 2020 to August 2021, a total of 40,379 hospitalized patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed demographic data, diagnoses, as well as physical and laboratory examination results were recorded. The diagnosis of malnutrition was used with two distinct methods: the Malnutrition Screening Tool 2002 (NRS 2002) + Global Leaders Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score. The risk factors for malnutrition were analyzed using binary logistic regression and multiple logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Restricted cubic spline (RCS), linear spline, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were also used.

Results

The prevalence of malnutrition diagnosed by the two methods was 13.4% and 14.9%, respectively. In the NRS 2002 + GLIM diagnostic model, lnSII showed statistical significance between the malnutrition and non-malnutrition group (6.28 ± 0.78 vs. 6.63 ± 0.97, p < 0.001). A positive association was observed between higher SII and the risk of malnutrition in both before and after adjustment models compared to the first quartile (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.15–1.40; Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.67–2.00). However, a significant reduction in prevalence was observed when SII was in the second quartile (Q2 vs. Q1, OR < 1), as indicated by a restricted cubic spline with a U trend (p for nonlinear <0.001). According to the CONUT score, the prevalence of individuals with normal nutritional status decreased with increasing SII, while the occurrence of three different degrees of malnutrition generally increased. The Kappa value between the two diagnostic methods was 0.23, and the merged data observed an area under the ROC curve of 0.73 (95%CI: 0.714–0.742).

Conclusion

The U-shaped association between SII and the prevalence of malnutrition was observed. Both lower and higher SII levels (either continuous or categorical variable) were significantly associated with an increased risk of malnutrition.
The association between diet and sleep with internalising symptoms in young athletes: a serial multiple mediation models
Authors: Gao Yun , Wang Lei
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Athletes frequently experience anxiety and depression at rates similar to or higher than non-athletes. A balanced diet can alleviate athletes internalizing symptoms. Moreover, diet and sleep are all associated with internalising symptoms. Our study investigates how sleep quality mediates the impact of dietary habits on internalizing symptoms in athletes.

Methods

The current cross-sectional study involved 758 Chinese young athletes. The adapted Australian Athletes Diet Index was used to assess dietary patterns, and sleep was measured using the Athletes Sleep Screening Questionnaire. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale were used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis was used to examine the mediating role of sleep quality in young athletes. Raw scores of chronotypes, sleep quality, anxiety and depression were calculated for the statistical analysis.

Results

No significant indirect effects were found in adolescents. In adult athletes, diet mediated the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality (β = −0.028, p  <  0.001). Sleep quality mediated the association between diet and anxiety (β = −0.060, p = 0.001), and depression (β = −0.076, p = 0.001). Additionally, diet and sleep quality mediated the association between chronotypes and anxiety (β = −0.028, p = 0.001), and depression (β = −0.028, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Sleep quality mediated the relationship between dietary patterns and internalising symptoms in young adult athletes. Additionally, diet and sleep quality mediated the association between chronotypes and internalising symptoms in young adult athletes.
The mediating role of metabolites between gut microbiome and Hirschsprung disease: a bidirectional two-step Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Zhe , Gao Bingjun , Liu Xiao , Li Aiwu
Published: August 2024

Background

Gut microbiome (GM) was observed to be associated with the incidence of Hirschsprung disease (HD). However, the effect and mechanism of GM in HD is still unclear. To investigate the relationship between GM and HD and the effect of metabolites as mediators, a bidirectional two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted.

Methods

The study selected instrument variables (IVs) from summary-level genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The MiBioGen consortium provided the GWAS data for GM, while the GWAS data for metabolites and HD were obtained from the GWAS Catalog consortium. Two-sample MR analyses were performed to estimate bidirectional correlations between IVs associated with GM and HD. Then, genetic variants related to 1,400 metabolite traits were selected for further mediation analyses using the Product method.

Results

This study found that seven genus bacteria had a significant causal relationship with the incidence of HD but not vice versa. 27 metabolite traits were significantly correlated with HD. After combining the significant results, three significant GM-metabolites-HD lines have been identified. In the Peptococcus-Stearoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0)-HD line, the Stearoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0) levels showed a mediation proportion of 14.5%, while in the Peptococcus-lysine-HD line, the lysine levels had a mediation proportion of 12.9%. Additionally, in the Roseburia-X-21733-HD line, the X-21733 levels played a mediation proportion of 23.5%.

Conclusion

Our MR study indicates a protective effect of Peptococcus on HD risk that is partially mediated through serum levels of stearoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0) and lysine, and a risk effect of Roseburia on HD that is partially mediated by X-21733 levels. These findings could serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HD.
The anatomy of a data transfer agreement for health research
Authors: Swales Lee , Gooden Amy , Thaldar Donrich
Published: August 2024

In a data-driven era, the exchange and safeguarding of personal information has become paramount. Data transfer agreements (DTAs) serve to guard privacy, defining the rules for sharing and protecting sensitive data. Yet, the complexities surrounding issues such as data privacy, intellectual property, and dispute resolution within these agreements pose challenges that demand careful consideration. Through a scoping review of twenty-four publicly available, English language DTAs relevant to health research, this article undertakes a comprehensive analysis, examining common clauses, their vital components, and charting a course for responsible data sharing through the provision of insights and practical guidance for drafting DTAs. The article underscores the need for attention to detail and an understanding of data protection legislation in order to ensure that DTAs align with the law and maximize legal certainty.
Yinqin Qingfei granules alleviate Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis
Authors: Song Zhe , Han Chengen , Luo Guangzhi , Jia Guangyuan , Wang Xiao , Zhang Baoqing
Published: August 2024

Background

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a prevalent respiratory infectious disease in children. Given the increasing resistance of M. pneumoniae (MP) to macrolide antibiotics, the identification of new therapeutic agents is critical. Yinqin Qingfei granules (YQQFG), a Chinese patent medicine formulated specifically for pediatric MPP, lacks a clear explanation of its mechanism.

Methods

The primary components of YQQFG were identified using LC-MS/MS. In vitro, RAW264.7 cells infected with MP underwent morphological examination via scanning electron microscopy. Drug-containing serum was prepared, and its intervention concentration was determined using the CCK-8 assay. The active components of YQQFG were molecularly docked with NLRP3 protein using Autodock Vina software. A RAW264.7 cell line overexpressing NLRP3 was created using lentivirus to pinpoint the target of YQQFG. In vivo, MPP model mice were established via nasal instillation of MP. Lung damage was assessed by lung index and H&E staining. Pyroptosis-associated protein levels in cells and lung tissue were measured by western blot, while interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels in cell supernatants and mouse serum were quantified using ELISA. Immunofluorescence double staining of lung tissue sections was conducted to assess the correlation between NLRP3 protein expression and macrophages. The expression of the community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin (CARDS TX) was evaluated by qPCR.

Results

25 effective components with favorable oral bioavailability were identified in YQQFG. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that YQQFG substantially reduced the expression of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, decreasing the release of IL-1β and IL-18, and inhibited MP exotoxin. Molecular docking indicated strong affinity between most YQQFG components and NLRP3 protein. Lentivirus transfection and immunofluorescence double staining confirmed that YQQFG significantly suppressed NLRP3 expression in macrophages, outperforming azithromycin (AZM). The combination of YQQFG and AZM yielded the optimal therapeutic effect for MPP.

Conclusion

YQQFG mitigates inflammatory responses by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis, thereby ameliorating MP-induced acute lung injury. YQQFG serves as an effective adjunct and alternative medication for pediatric MPP treatment.
Daphnetin modulates GLP-1R to alleviate cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: implications for inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Liang Feng , Tian Xinyi , Ding Lining
Published: August 2024

Daphnetin exerts certain pharmacological function on a variety of diseases, but its role in diabetic cognitive dysfunction has not been elucidated. In this study, we carried a series of pharmacological studies of GLP-1R with daphnetin. In rats and PC12 cells, we found that daphnetin could alleviate diabetic cognitive dysfunction and increase the expression level of GLP-1R. Additionally, the anti-diabetic cognitive dysfunction effect of DAP was accompanied by the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress. Further in-depth studies demonstrated that the inhibition GLP-1R enhanced the protective effect of daphnetin, whilst, the overexpression of GLP-1R weakened the protective effect of daphnetin. These results indicated that daphnetin protects diabetes cognitive dysfunction by regulating GLP-1R-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress, act as a GLP-1R agonist. The study further demonstrated that daphnetin has great value in preventing cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes, and GLP-1R is a key potential target for the treatment of related diseases.
Population pharmacokinetics study of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients: a comparison between patients with or without liver cancer before surgery
Authors: Bai Haihong , Yun Juping , Wang Zihe , Ma Yingmin , Liu Wei
Published: August 2024

Background and Objective

The main challenge for immunosuppressive therapy using tacrolimus in liver transplantation is the considerable variability in its oral bioavailability and the narrow treatment range. Many population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models have been established to precisely estimate the PK variability of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients. However, it remains unclear whether there is a significant difference in the PK behavior of tacrolimus between patients with or without liver cancer before surgery. Therefore, we aimed to compare the differences of PK parameters and simulate exposures of tacrolimus between populations preoperatively diagnosed with liver cancer or not by PopPK modeling.

Methods

In total, 802 blood concentrations of tacrolimus from 196 patients (118 liver cancer and 78 non-liver-cancer samples) were included in this study. Demographic data and clinical parameters were integrated to perform a PopPK analysis using the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. Potential covariates were evaluated by using a stepwise method. Goodness-of-fit plot and bootstrap were performed to assess the model stability and predictive performance. Simulations were introduced to optimize dosing regimens of both the liver cancer and non-liver-cancer groups according to the guidance.

Results

The PK of tacrolimus was best described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and linear elimination, with weight and direct bilirubin as the significant covariates. In the process of constructing the basic model, we tried to separately estimate the PK parameters in liver cancer and non-liver-cancer populations. The results showed that the PK parameters in the two populations were similar, and the individual variation in Ka in non-liver-cancer subjects was large. Hence, the final model did not distinguish between the two populations. Moreover, a minor increase of less than 10% was observed in the simulated exposure in the patients preoperatively diagnosed with liver cancer compared with that in non-liver-cancer groups.

Conclusion

The established PopPK model was capable of optimizing tacrolimus dosing in whole populations who underwent liver transplantation. Although a minimal difference was found in tacrolimus exposure between the liver cancer and non-liver-cancer groups, more research is warranted to explore the differences between the two populations in the future, given the potential limitations of this study.
Modelling network motifs as higher order interactions: a statistical inference based approach
Authors: Wegner Anatol E.
Published: August 2024

The prevalent approach to motif analysis seeks to describe the local connectivity structure of networks by identifying subgraph patterns that appear significantly more often in a network then expected under a null model that conserves certain features of the original network. In this article we advocate for an alternative approach based on statistical inference of generative models where nodes are connected not only by edges but also copies of higher order subgraphs. These models naturally lead to the consideration of latent states that correspond to decompositions of networks into higher order interactions in the form of subgraphs that can have the topology of any simply connected motif. Being based on principles of parsimony the method can infer concise sets of motifs from within thousands of candidates allowing for consistent detection of larger motifs. The inferential approach yields not only a set of statistically significant higher order motifs but also an explicit decomposition of the network into these motifs, which opens new possibilities for the systematic study of the topological and dynamical implications of higher order connectivity structures in networks. After briefly reviewing core concepts and methods, we provide example applications to empirical data sets and discuss how the inferential approach addresses current problems in motif analysis and explore how concepts and methods common to motif analysis translate to the inferential framework.
Residual swin transformer for classifying the types of cotton pests in complex background
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhu Jikui , Zhang Fengkui , Zhao Shijie , Liu Wei , He Ruohong , Dong Hongqiang , Hong Qingqing , Tan Changwei , Li Ping
Published: August 2024

Background

Cotton pests have a major impact on cotton quality and yield during cotton production and cultivation. With the rapid development of agricultural intelligence, the accurate classification of cotton pests is a key factor in realizing the precise application of medicines by utilize unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), large application devices and other equipment.

Methods

In this study, a cotton insect pest classification model based on improved Swin Transformer is proposed. The model introduces the residual module, skip connection, into Swin Transformer to improve the problem that pest features are easily confused in complex backgrounds leading to poor classification accuracy, and to enhance the recognition of cotton pests. In this study, 2705 leaf images of cotton insect pests (including three insect pests, cotton aphids, cotton mirids and cotton leaf mites) were collected in the field, and after image preprocessing and data augmentation operations, model training was performed.

Results

The test results proved that the accuracy of the improved model compared to the original model increased from 94.6% to 97.4%, and the prediction time for a single image was 0.00434s. The improved Swin Transformer model was compared with seven kinds of classification models (VGG11, VGG11-bn, Resnet18, MobilenetV2, VIT, Swin Transformer small, and Swin Transformer base), and the model accuracy was increased respectively by 0.5%, 4.7%, 2.2%, 2.5%, 6.3%, 7.9%, 8.0%.

Discussion

Therefore, this study demonstrates that the improved Swin Transformer model significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of cotton pest detection compared with other classification models, and can be deployed on edge devices such as utilize unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), thus providing an important technological support and theoretical basis for cotton pest control and precision drug application.