bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Uranium Concentration and Calculated Doses of Radiation Resulting From the Tap and Bottled Drinking Water in Babylon - middle Iraq
Authors: Hasson Muhsen K. , Al–Kubaisi Qusai  Yaseen , Ali Kamal  Kareem
Published: February 2023

In this study, uranium concentrations were evaluated and the annual effective dose was calculated from the consumption of bottled water and tap water used for drinking in Babylon, middle Iraq. Uranium isotopes (238U, 234U, 235U) were determined for all samples collected using the phosphorylation analyzer technique represented device (KPA). Forty-four samples were collected to cover almost all districts and regions of Babylon.  Thirty tap water samples were collected from residential neighborhoods, with 14 samples from local brand bottled water. The results show that the uranium concentrations in the tap water samples ranged from 1.66 μg.L-1 to 2.64 μg.L-1, with an average of 2.12 μg.L-1, and the bottled water samples varied from 1.06 μg.L-1 to 1.82 μg.L-1, with an average 1.47 μg.L-1. This means that the uranium contents in tap and bottled water samples are less than 15 μg.L-1 and 30 μg.L-1, which are safe values of the WHO, and the EPA respectively. The annual effective dose values of 238U, 234U, and 235U for adult consumption of tap water range between 0.67, 0.0.33, 0.74 μSv.y-1 to 1.07, 0.052, 1.18 μSv.y-1 with averages of 0.86, 0.042, 0.95 μSv.y-1, respectively. Their values in bottled water ranged from 0.43, 0.020, 0.47 μSv.y-1 to 0.73, 0.035, 0.81 μSv.y-1, with an average of 0.59, 0.029, 0.65 μSv.y-1, respectively. The value of the annual effective dose of total uranium isotopes in tap water samples ranged between 1.45 μSv.y-1 to 2.30 μSv.y-1 with an average of 0.85 μSv.y-1, whereas in bottled water varied from 0.92 to 1.58 μSv.y-1 with an average of 1.28 μSv.y-1.
Biodegradation of Oil-Based Plastic Wastes by Bacteria Isolated from Fish Breeding Tanks
Authors: Al-Imara Eman A. , Al-Mayyahi Baqer A. , Al-Ankush Mujtaba A. T. , Al- Shatty Sabah M.
Published: February 2023

Several studies have shown that certain microbes, mainly bacteria may have the ability to digest plastic wastes. The goal of this study was to see how well Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus lentus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Kocuria paedia degrade three kinds of oil-based plastics: low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) polymer sheets. The experiment was conducted for 30 days under laboratory conditions with occasional shaking at 180 rpm and 32°C. Biodegradation was measured in terms of weight loss.. Accordingto IR Spectroscopy, the C-H stretch band at 2920cm-1 improved as a result of bacterial degradation of polyethylene. The most affected polymers were LDPE and PVC films. While PS films were the least affected polymers. B. subtilis was shown to be the most successful of the five bacterial species, whereas K. paedia was determined to be the least effective.
The Classical Continuous Optimal Control for Quaternary parabolic boundary value problem
Authors: Al-Hawasy Jamil A. Ali , Al-Anbaki Wissam A. Abdul-Hussien
Published: February 2023

The aim of this paper is to study the quaternary classical continuous optimal control for a quaternary linear parabolic boundary value problems(QLPBVPs). The existence and uniqueness theorem of the continuous quaternary state vector solution  for the weak form of the QLPBVPs with given quaternary classical continuous control vector (QCCCV)  is stated and proved via the Galerkin Method. In addition, the existence theorem of a quaternary classical continuous optimal control vector governinig by the QLPBVPs is stated and demonstrated. The Fréchet derivative for the cost function is derived. Finally, the necessary conditions for the optimality theorem  of the proposed problem is stated and  demonstrated.
Nonoscillatory Properties of Fourth Order Nonlinear Neutral Differential equation
Authors: Mushtt Intidhar Zamil , Hameed Dunya Mohamed , Mohamad Hussain Ali
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the oscillatory and nonoscillatory qualities for every solution of fourth-order neutral delay equation are discussed. Some conditions are established to ensure that all solutions are either oscillatory or approach to zero as .  Two examples are provided to demonstrate the obtained findings.
Soft Bornological Group Acts on Soft Bornological Set
Authors: Abdal Ashwaq F. , Imran Anwar N. , Najm aldin Alaa A. , Elewi Amal O.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we introduce the notation of the soft bornological group to solve the problem of boundedness for the soft group. We combine soft set theory with bornology space to produce a new structure which is called    soft bornological group. So that both the product and inverse maps are soft bounded. As well as, we study the actions of the soft bornological group on the soft bornological sets. The aim soft bornological set is to partition into orbital classes by acting soft bornological group on the soft bornological set. In addition, we explain the centralizer, normalizer, and stabilizer in details. The main important results are to prove that the product of soft bornological groups is soft bornological group and the action for different elements are the same actions.
Modified Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods to Assess Classification Methods
Authors: Sameer Fadhaa O.
Published: February 2023

During the last few decades, many academic and professional groups gave attention to adopting the multi-criteria decision-making methods in a variety of contexts for decision-making that are given to the diversity and sophistication of their selections. Five different classification methods are tested and assessed in this paper. Each has its own set of five attribute selection approaches. By using the multi-criteria decision-making procedures, these data can be used to rate options. Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is designed utilizing a modified fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (MFAHP) to compute the weight alternatives for TOPSIS in order to obtain the confidence value of each classifier for each feature selection approach individually. Defuzzification of  the fuzzy values to obtain the final criteria weights, the rank function is used. The modification of TOPSIS is assessed in tests using five prediction models (alternatives) and six performance measurements (criteria) to analyze the German credit data sets. Overall the results of the experiment show that the proposed strategies are successful in credit approval data.
Hybrid Techniques with Support Vector Machine for Improving Artifact Ultrasound Images
Authors: Al-Jaburi Ayat Ali , Al-Sudani Ahlam Hanoon
Published: February 2023

The most common artifacts in ultrasound (US) imaging are reverberation and comet-tail. These are multiple reflection echoing the interface that causing them, and result in ghost echoes in the ultrasound image. A method to reduce these unwanted artifacts using a Otsu thresholding to find region of interest (reflection echoes) and output applied to median filter to remove noise. The developed method significantly reduced the magnitude of the reverberation and comet-tail artifacts. Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is most suitable for hyperplane differentiate. For that, we use image enhancement, extraction of feature, region of interest, Otsu thresholding, and finally classification image datasets to normal or abnormal image. Because of the machine’s training for both types of images, the machine can now predict whether a new image is an abnormal image or a normal image. As a result, it reduced medical work for many checkups and other things. Our proposed method shows the correct classification result by more than 89%.
Impact of Neutron Sources of Stellar Reactions on Fluorine Abundances
Authors: Selman Ahmed Abdul-Razzaq
Published: February 2023

There are many neutron sources in the universe that play an important role in the stellar slow neutron capture (s-process) nucleosynthesis. Fluorine-19 is a cosmically rare isotope that is generated in a series of reactions. The aim in this paper is to perform theoretical calculations to test the variance of neutron intensity generated within stellar conditions, especially in Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, on the production of 19F isotope. EMPIRE II program has been utilized with the aid of many Matlab programs, and experimental comparisons have been made with NACRE II and Reaclib libraries. The results has shown that the high abundances of reactant nuclei responsible for ultimately generating 19F are consumed by neutron poisoning reactions that highly affect the final generation of 19F isotope. Also, the Seff and S(0) values for the reaction  have been approximately calculated in the present research.
The Digital Change Detection for Low Resolution Satellite Images in Weathering Estimation
Authors: Mahdi Alaa S.
Published: February 2023

The detection and estimation of weathering conditions have become a very important daily necessity in our life. For this purpose, several satellites of low resolution imagery were launched by the weathering and environmental agencies. The important weather paremeters are temperuter, wind direction,  velocity, clould and humidity, etc. The low resolution images often deal with large-scale phenomena and the interpretation and projection of the produced data requires continuous development of tools and criteria.              In this paper, the low spatial resolution data generated by the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used to monitor the cloud density and direction above Iraq and its neighboring countries for the period from 14-12-2021 to 23-12-2021. The MODIS reflectance and surface temperature (HDF format) data were used and processed to achieve the purpose of this research.   The reflectance data were projected according to a sinusoidal system due to the presence of three Earth zones distributions (37, 38, and 39, N). The cloud density was estimated from the digital values  and the wind direction was estimated from the bands animation. The direction of wind for the cloudy condition was from the North-East. The digital data processing included data preparation and selection, georeference (adding a projection system), features extraction, and displaying the final results. All data were evaluated using ENVI (Environment for Visualizing Images, ver. 4.5.)
Detection and Recognition of Car Plates in Parking Lots at Baghdad University
Authors: Hashem Noor M. , Abbas Heba Kh. , Mohamad Haidar J.
Published: February 2023

A simple and smart algorithm was presented to recognize car plates in parking at the College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Iraq. The study consists of recording video clips of all cars parked in the selected area. The studied camera heights were1m and 2m, and the video clips were 19 and 30. Images were extracted from the video clip to be used for training data for the cascade method. Haar classification was used to detect license plates after the training step. Viola-jones algorithm was applied to the output of Haar’s data for both camera heights (1m and 2m). The accuracy was calculated for all data with different weather conditions and local time recoding. The accuracy is 100% for all data in this study.
Once again about Administrative Responsibility
Authors: Kurakin Aleksei Valentinovich
Published: February 2023

The institution of administrative responsibility is one of the key ones in administrative law. However, in order for it to become so, it took quite a long time, the legal support of the institution of administrative responsibility was formed almost throughout the twentieth century. Today, a two-level system of legislation on administrative responsibility has been formed. The modern period of development is simply impossible to imagine without administrative responsibility, the protective properties of which relate to the most diverse spheres of public administration. Based on this, the paper draws attention to legislative and doctrinal provisions related to issues of administrative responsibility. The paper analyzes various doctrinal positions regarding the phenomenon of "administrative responsibility", analyzes its normative basis.   The author notes that the institution of administrative responsibility began to develop actively in the twentieth century, this was caused by the need to separate legal responsibility for offenses that do not pose a great public danger from acts that are of significant public danger. Today we can say that administrative responsibility makes a serious contribution to ensuring law and order, and it is no longer possible to imagine a system of legal responsibility without this type of responsibility. The institution of administrative responsibility, in its content, is a dialectical relationship of norms of a material and procedural nature that complement each other. Based on the analysis, the author gives a definition of administrative responsibility.
ANALISA PEMILIHAN SUPPLIER BAHAN BAKU KERIPIK KACA PADA UKM 99 GROUP DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) PADA MASA PASCA PANDEMI DI KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Hilman Maman , Kartika Dewi Rika
Published: February 2023

UKM 99 Group merupakan usaha yang bergerak dalam bidang makanan ringan. Masalah utama yang terjadi di UKM 99 Group ialah belum adanya supplier tetap sehingga terjadi ketidaktersediaan bahan baku keripik kaca pada masa pasca pandemi karena keterlambatan pengiriman bahan baku keripik kaca yang akan dipakai dalam proses produksi sehingga mengakibatkan proses produksi menjadi terhambat.

Permasalahan yang dipecahkan dalam penelitian ini meliputi  kriteria-kriteria yang dipertimbangkan dalam pemilihan supplier bahan baku keripik kaca di UKM 99 Group dan memilih supplier bahan baku keripik kaca terbaik dengan memakai metode Analytical Hierarchy Process.

Hasil penelitian menampilkan bahwa supplier dari daerah Banjarsari menjadi prioritas pertama dengan bobot prioritas sebesar 0,281816, kemudian prioritas kedua didapat oleh supplier dari daerah Saguling dengan bobot prioritas sebesar 0,260297, prioritas ketiga didapat oleh supplier dari daerah Kawali dengan bobot prioritas sebesar 0,250547, selanjutnya peringkat keempat didapat oleh supplier dari daerah Sadananya dengan bobot prioritas sebesar 0,128300 dan prioritas kelima didapat oleh supplier dari daerah Gunung Cupu dengan prioritas sebesar 0,079039.
PERANCANGAN ULANG TATA LETAK FASILITAS MENGGUNAKAN METODE ARC GUNA MEMAKSIMALKAN PRODUKTIVITAS PEKERJA DI PABRIK TAHU KCA RANCAH
Authors: Ruhyat Ruhyat , Hilman Maman
Published: February 2023

Judul skripsi ini adalah”Perancangan ulang Tata Letak Fasilitas Menggunakan Metode ARC Guna Memaksimalkan Produktivitas Pekerja Pada Pembuatan Tahu di Pabrik Tahu KCA Rancah” Dalam penelitian ini dibahas mengenai Tata letak Fasilitas di salah satu perusahaan pengolahan tahu di rancah yaitu Pabrik tahu KCA meliputi aktivitas produksi.layout perusahaan, pengolahan data, dan perancangan ulang tata letak fasilitas perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa teori diantaranya teori tata letak pabrik dari Apple (1990).Fred E.Meyers (1993). Wignjosoebroto (1990). Penelitian hanya dilakukan pada pabrik tahu KCA Rancah.Penelitian menggunakan data dari hasil observasi serta hasil pengumpulan data melalui wawancara.Peneliti hanya memprioritaskan pada perancangan ulang tata letak pasilitas pabrik pabrik tahu KCA Rancah, yang kemudian di evaluasi menggunakan ARC.Adapun cara yang dilakukan untuk merancang ulang tata letak fasilitas di pabrik tahu KCA Rancah yauitu, Studi Pustaka, Studi lapang, mengevaluasi data tersebut dengan metode Activity Relationship chart (ARC,), layout usulan. Berdasarkan metode Activity Relationship chart (ARC), menghasilkan aliran produksi yang lebih efektif dan efesien sehingga tidak terjadi Back Tracking atau alur bolak balik. proses produksi menjadi lebih teratur dan maksimal. Jarak perpindahan material lebih efektif dan efisien dan waktu tempuh perpindahan material produksi awalnya 69 meter yang harus ditempuh dalam satu proses produksi. Desain usulan waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam satu kali proses produksi memerlukan waktu 61 meter. Di setiap produksi bisa mengurangi jarak tempuh sekitar 8 meter.
PERANCANGAN ULANG TATA LETAK FASILITAS DENGAN METODE ARC GUNA MEMAKSIMALKAN PROSES PRODUKSI PADA PEMBUATAN ALAS KARET SANDAL (CV. Nugraha Rubber Ampera)
Authors: Nur Aziz Fitri , Kurnia Yusup
Published: February 2023

Pengolahan data layout perusahaan mendesain ulang layout fasilitas produksi perusahaan, penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa teori diantaranya teori factory layout dari Apple (1990). Fred E. Meyers (1993) Wignjosoebroto (1990).

Berdasarkan metode Activity Relationship chart (ARC) menghasilkan aliran produksi yang lebih efektif dan efisien sehingga tidak terjadi back tracking atau arus bolak-balik. Proses produksi menjadi lebih teratur dan maksimal.Jarak perpindahan material lebih efektif dan efisien serta waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memindahkan material produksi awalnya 75 meter yang harus ditempuh dalam proses produksi. Waktu perancangan yang dibutuhkan dalam satu kali proses produksi membutuhkan waktu 45 meter. Dalam setiap produksi, produksi dapat mengurangi jarak sekitar 7 meter.
Analisis Kelayakan Instalasi Listrik Rumah Tangga di Desa Baregebg Kecamatan Baregbeg Kabupaten Ciamis
Authors: Firdaus Hendra , Mulyana Dadan , Suryadi Dedi
Published: February 2023

Instalasi listrik rumah tangga seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan listrik masyarakat, instalasi listrik rumah pelanggan juga mengalami perubahan baik secara kualitas maupun secara kuantitas. Kualitas instalasi listrik yang semakin menurun dan perubahan kuantitas titik bebannya sangat berpengaruh terhadap kelayakan instalasi listrik dan keselamatan pemakainya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat persentase kelayakan instalasi listrik rumah tangga dan factor-faktor yang menyebabkan ketidaklayakan intsalasi listrik rumah tangga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di Desa Baregbeg Kecamatan Baregbeg Kabupaten Ciamis. Objek yang diteliti sebanyak 20 rumah dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel acak. Intrumen yang dipakai adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Tingkat Persentase instalasi listrik rumah tangga di Desa Baregebg Kecamatan Baregbeg Kabupaten Ciamis di atas umur 13 tahun sebesar 35% layak (berjumlah 7 rumah) dan 65% tidak layak (berjumlah 10 rumah) dan factor penyebab ketidaklaykan instalasi listrik disebabkan karena adanya kerusakan pada perlengkapan instalasi berupa stop kontak yang pecah/meleleh, grounding yang telah rusak, dan tidak memiliki grounding
IMPLIKASI PENERAPAN METODE SERVQUAL DAN IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS TERHADAP PENILAIAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN (Studi pada Pelanggan IndiHome PT. Telkom Pangandaran)
Authors: R RUHELI
Published: February 2023

IndiHome (Indonesia Digital Home) PT. Telkom menjanjikan solusi yang mendukung digital life style dalam sebuah rumah tangga dengan menjanjikan kecepatan, kenikmatan, dan kenyamanan dalam berselancar menggunakan internet dengan kecepatan layanan internet mencapai 512 Kbps hingga 100 Mbps. Namun demikian pada kenyataannya kualitas performansinya tidak selalu seperti yang dijanjikan, yaitu masih terjadinya gangguan jaringan dan keterlambatan dalam penanganannya. Metode penelitian menggunakan survai eksplanatori, Teknik analisis data menggunakan koefisien korelasi Product Moment, koefisien determinasi, dan regresi. Pengujian hipotesis secara parsial menggunakan uji-t, sedangkan pengujian hipotesis secara simultan menggunakan uji-F. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, bahwa secara parsial metode servqual dan importance performance memiliki implikasi terhadap penilaian kinerja perusahaan sebesar 55.95%, dan 64.16% serta secara simultan memiliki implikasi terhadap penilaian kinerja perusahaan sebesar 67.73% dan sisanya sebesar 32.27% implikasi dari variabel lain yang tidak diteliti
ANALISIS DAMPAK KEBERADAAN PABRIK PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH PLASTIK CV GUMILANG PLASTIK TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DESA UTAMA
Authors: Azizah Nela
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui dampak keberadaan pabrik pengolahan limbah plastik pada CV Gumilang Plastik sebagai pabrik pengolahan limbah terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Utama. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian diketahui pabrik pengolahan limbah plastik CV Gumilang Plastik memiliki kepedulian terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat desa Utama diwujudkan dengan cara memberikan lapangan pekerjaan bagi masyarakat Desa Utama, memberikan santunan berupa sembako kepada masyarakat sekitar pabrik dan memberikan sumbangan untuk acara-acara sosial kemasyarakatan di Desa Utama. Hasil pengujian statistik menujukan bahwa keberadaan pabrik pengolahan limbah plastik CV Gumilang Plastik memiliki dampak sebesar 62.09% terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Utama. Hasil pengujian hipotesis diketahui bahwa keberadaan pabrik pengolahan limbah plastik CV Gumilang Plastik memiliki dampak yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Utama..
PENERAPAN RINGKAS, RAPI, RESIK, RAWAT DAN RAJIN (5R) DALAM UPAYA PENGURANGAN WASTE PADA PT. X
Authors: MARIA NURHAYATY  , Dinar Pratiwi Wienike
Published: February 2023

Pentingnya kesehatan dan kselamatan kerja bagi perusahaan apalagi perusahaan PT Matahari ini bergerak dibidang manufaktur, sehingga produktivitas dari perusahaan bisa dilihat dari kesehatan dan keselamatan kerj. Adapun metode yang dipakai untuk penelitian ini adalah metode 5R. Pada bagian dalam area penyimpanan terdapat banyak material yang merupakan bahan baku dan bahan bakar mesin. Pada area di luar area penyimpanan sering dijumpai perkakas atau alat kerja yang dimana alat teresebut tidak disimpan pada tempatnya dan tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhanya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh tidak adanya suatu tempat untuk menyimpan alat atau material tak terpakai di area storage berdasarkan fungsi dari alat dan material tersebut. Hal tersebut juga akan berdampak pada aktifitas produksi pekerja. Dari hasil Analisa 5R didapatkan budaya rapi merupakan budaya yang paling tinggi penyalanggunaanya dengan tingkat penyalanggunaan sebesar 34 %. Penyebab penyalahgunaan budaya 5S disebabkan oleh tidak ada tempat penyimpanan sebesar 25%. Kemudian diberikan solusi berupa desain khusus rak peralatan dan logo budaya 5s yang diletakkan di dekat tempat peralatan dan permesinan

 

Kata Kunci: 5R, Kaizen, Waste, Continues Improvement
The correlation between knowledge and behavior of reading composition label of packaged food on public 2 JHS and Giovani JHS students in Kupang
Authors: Making Maria Sophiana Susi , Ratu Kristian , Lada Christina Olly
Published: February 2023

Background: Labels of packaged foods are used as guidelines for buying packaged food products. School students are a group at high risk to get illness through ingested food. Most of the snacks they consume contain flavorings and some chemicals which are certainly not good for their health.

Objective: To determine the relation between knowledge and behavior of reading the packaged food label composition on JHS students in Kupang.

Methods: This is an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design conducted at two schools located in Kupang City. 350 subjects were used in this study and divided into Group A consisting of 175 Public JHS students and Group B consisting of 175 Giovanni JHS students, using a google form questionnaire. The respondents were chosen by cluster random sampling technique. This study was analyzed bivariately using the Spearman correlation test.

Result: A total of 172 (98.3%) students of Public and Giovanni JHS have very good knowledge about reading the packaged food label composition. A total of 169 (96.5%) students of Public JHS have very good behavior of reading the packaged food label composition and a total of 99 (56.5%) students of Giovanni JHS have good behavior of reading the packaged food label composition.

Conclusion: There is a significant correlation (p = 0.004) between knowledge and behavior of reading the packaged food label composition on Public JHS students and there is also a significant correlation (p = 0.046) between knowledge and behavior of reading the packaged food label composition on Giovanni JHS students in Kupang.
The Role of Dietary Fiber or Prebiotics in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Kurniawan Marsha , Matthew Franklind
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with itchy eczematous lesions, mostly found in children, and may affect a patient’s quality of life. Individuals with AD were found to have dysbiosis of gut microbial, which may alter the immunologic tolerance of mucosa, causing inflammation and affecting skin conditions. Dietary fiber or prebiotics consumption may have a role in reversing dysbiosis and may affect AD. In this literature review, the authors would like to further explore the role of dietary fiber or prebiotics in the prevention and severity of AD/

Methods: Relevant literature research was conducted in several sources: Pubmed, EBSCOHOST, Proquest, and Google Scholar, using keywords “atopic dermatitis, atopic eczema, dietary fiber, prebiotic, nutrition.” Studies published within the last 10 years were included.

Discussions: Dietary fiber, particularly soluble fibers and those which can be fermented by gut bacteria (including prebiotics), plays a role in maintaining homeostasis of normal gut flora by producing SCFA, which increases the gut barrier, has anti-inflammatory properties, balances Th1/Th2 ratio, increases lymphocytes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) system, and increases secretion of intestinal IgA. The role of dietary fiber/prebiotics in the prevention or decreasing rate of AD is still a matter of debate. Several studies showed no effect or correlation of prebiotic supplementation in decreasing the AD rate in pregnant women or babies with a high risk of atopy. On the other hand, several studies on prebiotic supplementation for babies and children have shown the benefits of prebiotic supplementation in preventing allergies (AD, rhinoconjunctivitis, and urticaria).

Conclusion: The role of dietary fiber/prebiotics in preventing or treating AD is still a matter of debate. Different study results make it difficult to conclude the clinical effect of prebiotics in allergy prevention, particularly AD. This may be caused by the heterogeneous studies and the limited number of studies on humans. Further studies (RCT) involving large-scale respondents are needed to define the effects of prebiotic supplementation in the prevention or alternative therapy for AD.
AWR-26 Topside Reuse Project
Authors: Boonthieng Somsak , Pairachavet Nuntawatt , Soraphetphisai Witoo , Poungthip Wuttipong , Sinthumongkhonchai Chananwath , Petcharoen Charkorn , Assadornithee Puwadon
Published: February 2023

Wellhead Platform AWP-26 was originally developed under PTTEP Arthit Phase 2C, completed installation in 2014 and started a production from 2016 to serve gas plateau and to sustain the Arthit production. Upon depletion of AWP-26 in 2019, PTTEP Arthit Asset realized the opportunity to relocate the AWP-26 to the new prospective location in order to maximize reservoir production. In 2021, the first PTTEP Topside Reuse Project has been put into the offshore execution stage where we proud to present in this paper.

The main objective of the project is to convert the originally topside design AWP-26 to suit with new prospective location and renamed to AWR-26. The topside is reused where the subsea structure (so called "jacket") is newly built as to suit with new water depth and soil parameters at the new location. The existing jacket and subsea pipeline were left as is for future decommissioning. While waiting the existing jacket to be decommissioned, tentative in 2026-2031, it is important to install navigation lights system to warn the marine to avoid collision of the remaining jacket structure. The minimal and fit for purposed structure platform is then designed (so called "navigation aid platform") was fabricated and installed onto the existing jacket for safe marine operation.

It is not so simple just to relocate and make use of the existing topside to suit with the new prospective location, there were tremendous activities to be considered, starting with engineering design to make the existing topside design to be technically compatible with new process parameters of the new prospective location. Following by the early stage for preparatory works in collaboration within an internal PTTEP parties (Project Construction, Arthit Asset, Arthit Operation & Maintenance and Logistic Team), for the activities including but not limited to; platform plug and abandon, removal of flowlines, preservation of Booster Compressor, collecting the base line inspection data for piping system, platform structural integrity check, etc. In addition, to ascertain the overall weight of topside was within the safe margin and clearly defined the Centre of Gravity (CG) for the topside lifting purpose, all the vessels, tanks, containers, associated piping including the sludge removal were performed.
Unlock Oil Production in Production Facility by in House and Lean Design with Significant Cost Saving
Authors: Rungchaya Auttapon , Pechvijitra Pimpisa , Yongchooyot Arak , Watanakun Kantkanit , Nitayaphan Saranee , Chutrapukdeekul Anoma
Published: February 2023

Objective/Scope

Currently, the crude oil from outstations (O/STN) wellsite contributes more than 30% of the total Sirikit Oilfileds (S1) production and will be increased to 50% of total production of Sirikit Oilfileds. According to the production profile of the NTM-A areas, NTM-A Onshore permanent production facilities are more likely to handle the higher gross production rate to up 20,000 BPD. Thus, it is essential to debottleneck NTM-A to handle the new gross production rate.

Methods, Procedures, Process

The existing capacity of NTM-A permanent production facilities is 13,000 BPD. In order to debottleneck NTM-A's capacity to 20,000 BPD, the capacities of the production separators, the indirect gas fired heaters, the storage tanks, the water injection system, and the utilities were re-verified at different percent water cuts. To minimize the project cost, all of new equipment was designed by our in-house engineering team. Lessons learned from the previous projects were taken into account and incorporated with the new design.
Overcoming Challenges of Polymer Injection Pilot in High-Viscosity, High-Salinity Reservoir – A Case Study from Sirikit Oilfield, Thailand
Authors: Worawutthichanyakul Thanawut , Hanchaiphiboolkul Suwapich , Ketmalee Thanapong , Pancharoen Monrawee , Sinhabaedya Prangtip , Thammasanya Rungkarn , Rujipimolkit Chuthanart , Srisuriyon Jantakan , Roatkanjanaporn Tiam , Sornsoongnoen Yannavit , Srisen Parichat
Published: February 2023

In Pru Kratium (PKM) highly viscous oil reservoir, the secondary recovery method such as waterflood can adversely affect production due to an unfavorable mobility ratio, resulting in viscous fingering and early water breakthrough. Although polymer flooding which usually mitigates unfavorable mobility ratio, this technique also faces a challenge due to the high salinity formation water which may lead to excessive polymer consumption. To improve recovery, a special polymer injection scheme was designed and the small-scale pilot was initiated.

After one year of injection, the pilot demonstrated that the polymer improved the sweep efficiency of the flood in both vertical and horizontal directions. Ultimately, the increase in oil recovery factor gain was 2.41%.
Advancements in Slim Deep-Set ESP Packers and High Rate Slim ESP Technology
Authors: Alghamdi Ahmed , Rivera Leigber , Leon Jaime Pena
Published: February 2023

Slimline ESP technology advancement has been exceptionally fast in recent years. The development of high-speed and bottom intake slim ESP technology along with deep-set slim ESP packers has accelerated the deployment of slim equipment to overcome one of ESPs challenges, namely, the requirement of high production rate from wells that have smaller casing diameters.

The journey to address this requirement started with the development of deep-set slim ESP packers and slimline ESP packer penetrators that were not available for small casing sizes. Likewise, in terms of the ESP system, the slimline technology had been developed only by a few ESP suppliers. In order to have a broader baseline, some additional suppliers were motivated to develop this technology based on current and future needs, as well as potential field implementations to test their product.

This paper is focused on describing four main slimline technologies with the objective of stablishing their suitability, capabilities and limitations. From these 4 suppliers, there is a good selection in terms of rate capabilities depending on the application. Likewise, there are some differences in terms of wider field implementation record which depends on the technology development stage for each one of them. Additionally, two suppliers of deep-set slim ESP packers and slimline packer penetrators will be discussed.

This paper describes four slimline technologies, detailing the challenges and solutions they offer in order to achieve the high desired production rates from wells with small casing diameter.
Tertiary Deep Marine Syn-Rift to Shallow Marine-Deltaic Post-Rift Petroleum Plays in the Pase Sub-Basin, North Sumatra
Authors: Beenfeldt Jens , Mueller Eric , Sim Chris , Choi Tad
Published: February 2023

Modern broadband seismic data provides new regional insight into the underexplored deep-water offshore basin geometry of the Pase Sub-basin, from its basin segmentation with intra-basinal highs grabens to the development and prospectivity of syn-post-rift clastic reservoir sections proven in the prolific onshore area. The high degree of basin segmentation in the NW Sub-basin has led to the development of local depocenters in grabens with accumulation of thick clastic sections and potential for reservoirs sands. The clastic input and accumulation in the sub-basins were controlled by the intra basinal highs acting in periods as structural barriers disconnecting the grabens or as clastic input providers through erosion.
Innovative Pressure Surge and Water Hammer Mitigation Control Methodology in Upstream Liquid Pipelines
Authors: Alshehri Ali , Salu Samusideen , Soliman Mohamad
Published: February 2023

This paper is to introduce the newly developed Anti-Surge valve and control methodology that is capable of mitigating and reducing the magnitude of pressure surges or water hammer phenomenon in liquid pipeline system. The innovative anti-surge valve is a full-bore valve with two circular/concave orifice plates, which can rotate 90 degree in the axial or horizontal interval based on the surge controller indication. Once the surge pressure is being generated in the pipeline, the two circular/concave orifice plates will be in a position, which are particularly able to dissipate the generated pressure waves and decelerate the fluid velocity which as a result can mitigate and reduce the magnitude of pressure surges in the pipeline. By dissipating the generated pressure surge and decelerating the high fluid velocity, the newly developed anti-surge valve is able to protect the pipeline safely and adequately with no external equipment for fluid release. Thus, it can effectively minimize the OPEX and CAPEX for the surge protection system in the upstream oil production facilities or pipelines. The device can enhance the surge protection system by self-dependence, which does not require any external source to be used for equipment operation compared to convention surge protection system using Nitrogen. As a result, it can improve the reliability and efficiency of the surge protection system. This innovative anti-surge valve and control have been officially granted as a new patent in the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) under Patent No. 11,209,842. The new surge control methodology will eliminate water hammering and potential pipeline damages without the use of external equipment to mitigate the surge.
Key Considerations for Screening and Selection of Saline Aquifers for CO2 Storage
Authors: Alarfaj Malik , Vidal Faez Angelo
Published: February 2023

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) presents a key solution to reducing emissions especially from stationary power and industrial sites. A major component of CCS is CO2 storage in geologic formations, including saline aquifers, presents a great opportunity for the oil and gas industry to capitalize on their subsurface expertise to ensure that CO2 is stored safely underground over the long term. Saline aquifers are particularly relevant in the Middle East, where hydrocarbon reservoirs may not be at high depletion stages and so may not be available for CO2 storage yet. This paper looks at key geologic formation considerations related to CO2 storage in saline aquifers, highlighting the static and dynamic characteristics of the rock and the fluids that determine how much CO2 can be stored and at what injection rate. It also highlights how these characteristics affect the economics of the subsurface component of a CCS project.

This paper shall provide an overview of the key aspects that guide subsurface storage evaluations: containment ability, trapping mechanisms, storage capacity, and injectivity. It will highlight the different storage capacity assessment methods. Then it shall discuss resource classification and categorization, and determination of commerciality as per the SPE CO2 Storage Resources Management System (SRMS). Finally, the paper goes into further considerations that need to be taken into account beyond the initial screening, including the data acquisition program and the impact of CO2 stream impurities on storage potential, geologic formation properties and cap rock integrity.

The work illustrates the importance of understanding the physics of CO2 injection into a water-bearing system and lays out considerations for screening potential saline aquifer sites from a reservoir engineering perspective. The screening process should evaluate the anticipated CO2 trapping mechanism, assure its ability to contain the injected fluids over the long term, and estimate its storage capacity and injectivity.
Deliberate Search for Stratigraphic Traps: A Success Story from Sabah Offshore
Authors: Das Prabal S , Nayak Satyabrata , Kurniawan Trisakti , Huslan B Mohd Azwari
Published: February 2023

Extended Abstract

This article briefly discusses the workflow through which a gas discovery was made within the Late Miocene interval (Lower and Upper Stage IVD) from the structurally down-flank of a three-way fault closure, where previously an unsuccessful campaign was carried out in the structurally higher location. The causes for the failure were attributed to reservoir absence and trap incompetency. An attempt was made to understand the causes of facies variations and their limits through an integrated sequence stratigraphic approach. This model was further concretized through post-stack attributes where the limits of the seismic facies were prominent. A quantitative interpretation (QI) study coupled with forward modelling helped de-risk the reservoir presence and fluid types. Rock physics modelling work, including shear log prediction, rock property modelling, depth -trend analysis, followed by simultaneous inversion and sand probability volume generation, reveals that the deeper part of Upper Stage IVD and Lower Stage IVD intervals were shale-out and pinch-out, respectively, for the earlier campaign. Likewise, sand-dominated facies are likely at the down-dip for both intervals with an effective lateral seal up-dip (due to facies change and pinch out). Finally, this integration led to a hydrocarbon discovery in a previously written-off fault block and proved a potential stratigraphic trap presence in this area. The well encountered 50 m of net gas-bearing sand within both intervals. This approach could further facilitate exploring stratigraphic play (s) in a similar geological setup.
Machine Learning for Facies Distribution of Large Carbonate Reservoir Models- A Case Study
Authors: Robail Frederic , Sanyal Satyashis , B M Noor Azudin Ahmad Nazmi , Koh Kwi Yen , Bt Hairon Nizar Farahani , Mohamad Rosli Ummi Farah
Published: February 2023

Multibillion barrels oil in-place carbonate reservoirs have their unique static and dynamic modelling challenges due to the nature of the reservoir with both vertical and lateral heterogeneities. The complex geological processes which took place both during and after the deposition, results in the heterogeneity, which are reflected in the reservoir characterization of these large-scale carbonate reservoirs. Capturing the geological facies variability in the reservoir description is thus one of the critical elements to ensure the model's validity, robustness, and forecasting ability.

This case study exemplifies the use of a machine learning approach to tackle this subsurface complexity within a multidisciplinary integrated study to construct a field scale reservoir model for a large carbonate reservoir.

The carbonate field has recently acquired additional core data in several newly drilled wells. These cores have been described by sedimentologists to define reservoir depositional facies and lithofacies. This geological description has been used by a machine learning algorithm to train the conventional triple combo logs to recognize the reservoir facies. The training of the facies definitions at the cored wells were also conditioned to the sequence stratigraphic correlation framework of the reservoir. Later these geological facies have been propagated using logs to more than 80 un-cored wells to provide facies predictions within a geological context.

The result from the machine learning algorithm gives an excellent replication rate on the cored wells. It is also robust on the un-cored wells throughout the field. This robustness of the facies definitions has been verified using production / injection log survey (PLT / ILT), core CT-Scan and core descriptions. Firstly, for the cored wells, the production / injection zones identified by PLT surveys clearly correspond to the best reservoir facies. Secondly, in the un-cored wells, the best facies predicted by the machine learning algorithm correspond to the production / injection zones interpreted from the production and injection logging surveys (PLT survey)

The predicted geological facies in both cored and un-cored wells and seismic inversion trends were used to condition the 3D distribution of the facies in the reservoir model. The use of machine learning for facies prediction has also helped to validate the underlying geological concept of an older good quality reservoir interval in certain areas of the field, which were not adequately sampled from the existing core data.

In the future, the machine learning based reservoir models will be used to identify new infill locations where "best producing" facies are likely to be present.
Numerical Investigations on the Doublet Huff and Puff Technology to Extract Heat from the Geothermal Reservoirs and Storing of CO2
Authors: Gudala Manojkumar , Tariq Zeeshan , Yan Bicheng , Sun Shuyu
Published: February 2023

In this work, we studied the implementation of huff and puff technology to extract heat from the geothermal reservoir. Two-dimensional numerical investigations were carried out using a fully coupled two-phase thermo-hydro-mechanical model with dynamic rock and fluid properties. COMSOL Multiphysics (a finite element solver) was utilized to build the model. The CO2 geofluid is injected in a supercritical state in a water-saturated geothermal reservoir. The results were showing promising for the extraction of heat and storing of CO2. In the simulation model, we designed a well pair (two-vertical wells) system with two different operating perforations in the same well with huff and puff cycle operation, and this technology is named as Doublet Huff and Puff (DHP). Injection wells operating at the top of the formation and production wells are operating at the bottom. The injection well-1 and production well-1 are operating at same time (i.e., 2 years). During this period, injection well-2 and production well-2 are ideal, and injection well-1 and production well-1 are ideal while operating injection well-2 and production well-2. This process is continued till the whole reservoir is saturated with the injected CO2 and/or the reservoir temperature reaches 60 % (i.e., geothermal reservoir life) of its original temperature. The CO2 plume expanding throughout the reservoir effectively while extracting heat from the reservoir. The sensitivity of well distance, injection temperature, injection velocity, and perforation length on the production temperature was investigated. The production temperature stays stable and high for a long time and no influence on the production temperature. Thus, the proposed technique (DHP) can be implemented for sequestering large amounts of CO2 along with heat extraction in geothermal reservoirs.
Successful Delineation of Sand Bodies to Improve Carbon Capture and Storage Reservoir Modelling, A Case Study from the North Malay Basin, Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Limpornpipat Orapan , Uttareun Ratchadaporn , Satitpittakul Ananya , Kunpitaktakun Takonporn , Henglai Puntira , Wongpaet Khuananong
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study is to characterize sand reservoirs by using seismic inversion technique, the results were used to support CO2 storage potential identification and reservoir modeling works (storage volume calculation). The key storage targets are the saline aquifers and depleted reservoirs. These main targets were interpreted as a deposition of distributary channels occurring in the Paleo Chao Praya delta plain during Miocene. The results of this project contribute to a more accurate volume calculation for CO2 storage capacity. A rock physics feasibility analysis was carried out to understand a link between the observed seismic responses and the rock properties. Based on conclusions made in the rock physics analysis, P-Impedance could be used to delineate sand reservoir from shale, thus, a post-stack deterministic seismic inversion was selected for this reservoir characterization. Bayesian litho-classification method justifies lithology types by Probability Density Function (PDF) of P-Impedance, the resulting PDF was then applied to the inverted relative P-Impedance to create sand probability and lithology (most probable) volumes. Then, posterior validation of the lithology classification results was performed by investigating the match between the actual upscaled lithology log and pseudo lithology log from the Bayesian classification. Furthermore, the sand probability maps of the target reservoirs show an acceptable sand distribution response to the distributary channels in lower coastal plain environment that is consistent with the well results. The results of this work demonstrate how quantitative interpretation (QI) can successfully improve confidence in sand reservoirs mapping, in an area of complex faulted reservoir interval. The results presented here are beneficial for storage potential identification and reservoir modeling part, which can provide a more precise estimation of CO2 storage volume. The final results of the QI study provide good quality seismic inversion products and lithology cube, which enabled sand delineation at the target CO2 storage level. The key contributors have been ensuring optimal seismic input data, being in this case achieved through using a PSDM seismic processing technology, careful parameterization of seismic inversion process, and utilization of Bayesian classification method for lithology classification.