bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newborn Hearing Screening Results for Infants With Prenatal Opioid Exposure in Southern Appalachia
Authors: Hite Marcy K. , Chroust Alyson J. , Proctor-Williams Kerry , Lowe Jennifer L.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Infants prenatally exposed to opioids exhibit withdrawal symptomology that introduce physiological noise and can impact newborn hearing screening results. This study compared the referral rate and physiological noise interpreted by number of trials rejected due to artifact on initial newborn hearing screenings of infants with prenatal opioid exposure (POE) and infants with no opioid exposure (NOE). Furthermore, within the POE group, it examined the relationship of referral rates with severity of withdrawal symptomology, and with maternal and infant risk factors.

Method:

This study used a retrospective cohort design of electronic medical records from six delivery hospitals in South-Central Appalachia. Newborn hearing screenings were conducted using automated auditory brainstem response (ABR) for 334 infants with POE and 226 infants with NOE. Severity of withdrawal symptomology was measured using the Modified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool, which includes observation of behaviors that introduce physiological noise.

Results:

There was no significant difference in newborn hearing screening referral rate between infants with POE and infants with NOE. Referral rate was not affected by maternal or infant risk factors. Infants with POE had statistically significant higher artifact (defined as rejected ABR sweeps) than infants with NOE. There was a strong positive correlation between Finnegan scores and artifact but not referral rates. Sensitivity and specificity analysis indicated artifact decreased substantially after Day 4 of life.

Conclusions:

Referral rates of infants with POE were similar to those of infants with NOE. Nevertheless, the withdrawal symptomology of infants with POE introduces physiological noise reflected as artifact on ABR, which can affect efficiency of newborn hearing screenings.
Distributed optimization for joint peer‐to‐peer electricity and carbon trading among multi‐energy microgrids considering renewable generation uncertainty
Authors: Hou Hui , Wang Zhuo , Zhao Bo , Zhang Leiqi , Shi Ying , Xie Changjun , Dong ZhaoYang , Yu Keren
Published: March 2024

The increasing penetration of renewable energy and the further coupling of the electricity and carbon markets have hindered the realization of efficient and low‐carbon transformation processes in new power systems. This study addresses the optimization problems of joint peer‐to‐peer (P2P) electricity and carbon trading in multi‐energy microgrids (MEMGs), taking into account the risks associated with renewable generation in a distributed manner. First, a coordinated operation model is developed to describe the joint P2P electricity and carbon trading issues among MEMGs, aiming to minimize operating costs, mitigate potential risk losses, and reduce renewable energy wastage. Second, the conditional value‐at‐risk technique, paired with stochastic programming, is employed to quantify potential risk losses arising from uncertainties. Finally, a distributed optimization approach is developed based on the alternating direction method of multipliers to maintain the privacy and independence of decision‐making in individual MEMGs. During the trading processes, the Lagrangian multipliers are used as price signals to ensure fairness in optimal trading schemes among MEMGs. Moreover, a parallel solution mechanism is implemented to improve overall operational efficiency with minimal calculation expenditure. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce operation costs and carbon emissions while also preventing a significant amount of renewable energy abandonment.
Sécrétion non conventionnelle
Authors: Denus Morgane , Fargues William , Filaquier Aurore , Néel Éloïse , Marin Philippe , Parmentier Marie-Laure , Villeneuve Julien
Published: March 2024

L’étude de l’organisation structurale et fonctionnelle des cellules eucaryotes a révélé les compartiments membranaires ainsi que la machinerie nécessaires au trafic vésiculaire des protéines. La plupart des protéines essentielles à la communication intercellulaire contiennent une séquence signal leur permettant d’être incorporées dans la voie de sécrétion conventionnelle, par laquelle les protéines sont transportées séquentiellement dans le réticulum endoplasmique (RE) puis l’appareil de Golgi. Cependant, les cellules eucaryotes sont également dotées de voies de sécrétion alternatives ou voies de sécrétion non conventionnelles, qui mettent en jeu de nombreux acteurs susceptibles de détourner certains compartiments de leurs fonctions principales au profit de fonctions sécrétoires.
Systemische Therapie von prämenopausalen Patientinnen mit hormonrezeptorpositivem, HER2-negativem Brustkrebs in den Frühstadien – Kontroversen und Standards in der Krankenversorgung
Authors: Müller Volkmar , Fasching Peter A. , Nabieva Naiba , Fehm Tanja N. , Thill Marc , Schmidt Marcus , Kühn Thorsten , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Belleville Erik , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Untch Michael , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Harbeck Nadia , Aktas Bahriye , Stickeler Elmar , Kreuzeder Julia , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Janni Wolfgang , Ditsch Nina
Published: March 2024

Die adjuvante endokrine Behandlung von prämenopausalen Patientinnen mit einem
hormonrezeptorpositiven, HER2-negativen (HR-pos./HER2-neg.) Mammakarzinom unterliegt bei
bestehender Ovarialfunktion einigen Besonderheiten. Als therapeutische Optionen stehen
Tamoxifen mit oder ohne GnRH-Analogon und Aromatasehemmer mit GnRH-Analogon zur Verfügung. Des
Weiteren wird die Ovarialfunktion durch eine vorherige Chemotherapie beeinflusst. Sowohl die
Indikation für GnRH-Analoga in Kombination mit Tamoxifen als auch die Indikation für
Aromatasehemmer (+GnRH-Analoga) sind für Patientinnen mit einem erhöhten Rückfallrisiko
vorgesehen.

In nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen ist jedoch keine
klare Grenze für ein mittleres oder hohes Risiko definiert, sodass viele
Therapieentscheidungen für jede Patientin individuell getroffen werden. Dies spiegelt sich
auch in einer großen nationalen und internationalen Variabilität z. B. beim Einsatz von
Aromatasehemmern + GnRH-Analoga wider.

Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Datenlage zu den abgeschlossenen Studien (z. B. SOFT,
TEXT, EBCTCG-Metaanalysen), den aktuellen Multigentest-Studien (TailorX, RxPonder, ADAPT)
zusammen, diskutiert die Rationale für aktuell durchgeführte Studien (z. B. CLEAR-B) und gibt
einen Ausblick auf künftige Fragestellungen.
Bionische Chirurgie trifft Bionische Rekonstruktion – erstes in-human
Projekt von robotischer Mikrochirurgie zur Targeted Muscle
Reinnervation
Authors: Aman Martin , Struebing Felix , Mayrhofer-Schmid Maximilian , Harhaus Leila , Kneser Ulrich , Böcker Arne Hendrik
Published: March 2024

Robotische Mikrochirurgie ist ein wachsendes Feld in der rekonstruktiven
Chirurgie und beinhaltet viele Vorteile wie eine optimale Ergonomie sowie eine
Reduktion des physiologischen Tremors. Allerdings sind bis zum heutigen
Zeitpunkt nur eine geringe Anzahl an robotischen Systemen verfügbar, die ein
mikrochirurgisches Arbeiten ermöglichen. Nach wie vor ist die Durchführung einer
robotischen mikrochirurgischen Nervenkoaptation eine Herausforderung in der
klinischen Praxis. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) ist eine innovative
rekonstruktive Methode mit mehrfachen Nerventransfers zu den Muskeln des
Amputationsstumpfes, welche zum einen die Neuromentwicklung verhindern und zum
anderen die Anwendungsmöglichkeit einer bionischen Prothese verbessern sollen.
Robotische Mikrochirurgie ermöglicht ein hohes Maß an Präzision und die
Reduktion des physiologischen Tremors, verlangt jedoch hohe Investitionskosten
was eine große Herausforderung für unser Gesundheitssystem darstellt.
Zusammenfassend zeigt diese Studie die Möglichkeit der Anwendung von robotischer
Mikrochirurgie in der peripheren Nervenchirurgie, insbesondere für
Nerventransfers, bei denen eine präzise Durchführung in einem limitierten Platz
durchgeführt werden muss. Zukünftige Studien werden das Potenzial von
robotischer Mikrochirurgie für die peripheren Nervenchirurgen weiter evaluieren
müssen
Probabilistic Prediction of Gastrointestinal Ischemia after Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Stephan Francois , Facque Mathilde , Salem Fares Ben , Picq Olivia , Imbert Audrey , Genty Thibaut , Zins Marc
Published: March 2024

Background Gastrointestinal ischemia (GIisch) is challenging to diagnose in patients after cardiothoracic surgery. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) carries substantial false-negative and false-positive rates. The aim of the study was to evaluate if a combination of readily available variables improves the diagnosis of GIisch after cardiothoracic surgery.

Methods This retrospective study included patients receiving intensive care after cardiothoracic surgery. GIisch was confirmed by surgical and/or endoscopic findings. A GIisch prediction score was developed using the Spiegelhalter-Knill-Jones system in a training cohort then tested in a validation cohort (patients without obvious signs of GIisch on CTA).

Results The training cohort comprised 125 consecutive patients with suspected GIisch in 2008 to 2019, including 85 with confirmed GIisch. CTA, performed in 92 patients, had a high false-negative rate of 17/60 (28%) and a lower false-positive rate of 7/32 (22%). The score included cardiopulmonary bypass, negatively associated with GIisch, and six variables positively associated with GIisch: intraoperative mean arterial pressure < 50 mm Hg, aspartate aminotransferase > 15 N, lactate increase in 24 hour > 20%, and 3 CTA findings, namely, bowel dilation, bowel wall thickening, and mesenteric vasoconstriction. The area under the receiver operating characteristic was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–0.93) in the training cohort and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.68–0.96) in the validation cohort (n = 34 patients). Reliability of the predicted probabilities was greatest for probabilities ≤ 30% or ≥ 70%.

Conclusion In patients receiving intensive care after cardiothoracic surgery, GIisch cannot be ruled out based solely on CTA findings. A scoring system combining CTA findings with other variables may improve the diagnosis of GIisch in this population.
2.1 Amide-Bond-Forming Reactions
Authors: Li Y. , Fang X. , Wang Y.
Published: March 2024

Amide-bond-forming reactions are involved in at least one step in the preparation of most DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) because of the versatility and DNA compatibility of these reactions. Amidation is typically achieved through the condensation of amines and carboxylic acids, which are two of the largest commercially available building-block pools because of their widespread use in medicinal chemistry for the synthesis of drug-like screening libraries.
2.2 Metal-Promoted DEL-Compatible C—C Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Migliorini F. , Puglioli S. , Neri D. , Cazzamalli S. , Favalli N.
Published: March 2024

DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology relies on the availability of robust and DNA-compatible chemical transformations. Metal-promoted C—C bond forming reactions are widely applied for the synthesis of fine chemicals such as pharmaceuticals. However, their application in DEL technology represents a challenge due to the use of metal catalysts, high temperatures, and organic solvents. In this chapter, we report tailored conditions for the on-DNA application of the Suzuki, Sonogashira, Heck, and Giese reactions. The conditions presented in this chapter have been systematically explored across different DEL designs and structurally-diverse building blocks. By providing a comprehensive insight into the practical implementation of these metal-promoted C—C bond cross-coupling reactions, this review aims at expanding and promoting the application of these transformations in DEL construction.
2.6 On-DNA Photoredox-Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Granados A. , Molander G. A.
Published: March 2024

The use of visible light as the driving force to trigger chemical transformations represents an attractive tool for organic synthesis, and it has been demonstrated to be an important and well-established strategy for accessing novel bond connections in a unique way via radical intermediates. This powerful synthetic tool is under continuous development and is finding ever-increasing applications in DNA-encoded library (DEL) synthesis. Since 2018, DEL chemists have new chemical space available thanks to the implementation of visible-light-mediated methods. This chapter details the state-of-the-art of on-DNA photoredox-catalyzed transformations Specifically, this review covers simple photoredox reactions, dual-catalytic metallaphotoredox reactions, and photoredox reactions initiated by electron donor/electron-acceptor (EDA) complexes.
2.7 On-DNA Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Liu G. , Feng J.
Published: March 2024

On-DNA cyclization has proven to be a successful strategy, and demonstrates significant advantages for introducing structural diversity of ring systems as core structures that are present in the majority of bioactive molecules such as FDA-approved drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products. On-DNA cyclization reactions provide an attractive avenue to build highly diverse DELs based on ring systems with appropriate functionalization. In this review, synthetic strategies to access ring systems such as five-membered rings, six-membered rings, spiro rings, fused rings, and bridged rings, using on-DNA cyclization protocols, are collated.
3.2.1.2 Encoding Using Single-Stranded DNA (Iterative Splint-Ligation Procedures)
Authors: Georgiev T. , Cazzamalli S. , Neri D. , Bassi G.
Published: March 2024

DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) are typically synthesized either in single- or double-stranded format (“ssDELs” or “dsDELs”). ssDELs may present advantages over dsDELs as they have the potential to enable a diverse set of screening methodologies such as DNA-programmed affinity labelling (DPAL), interaction-dependent PCR (IDPCR), binder trap enrichment (BTE) via water-in-oil emulsion, and DEL affinity maturation. Robust and iterative encoding methodologies are crucial in the construction of large, good quality ssDELs. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of splint-assisted ligation procedures and their applications in library construction. Furthermore, we discuss and compare alternative ligation approaches for the synthesis of ssDELs, such as chemical ligation (via CuAAC click reaction), DNA-templated synthesis, and double- to single-strand interconversion via a photoswitchable headpiece.
2.10 Reversible Immobilization of DNA for Chemical Modification
Authors: Franzini R. M.
Published: March 2024

Reversible immobilization of DNA molecules on anion-exchange resins allows for stringent washing after on-DNA modification reactions. Furthermore, such an approach allows reactions to be performed under water-free conditions that are otherwise incompatible with DNA-conjugation. Amide-bond formation and coupling of SnAP reagents are presented as examples of reactions on reversibly immobilized oligonucleotides for DNA-encoded library synthesis.
3.2.3.2 Natural-Product-Enriched DELs
Authors: Xu H. , Ma P. , Yang G.
Published: March 2024

Natural products are privileged compounds of natural evolution that are often rich in sp3 carbon atoms, bear multiple stereocenters, and have diverse skeletons. These features endow natural products with a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. As a consequence, natural products play a key role in the history of medical treatment and drug discovery. The natural-product-enriched DNA-encoded library (nDEL) approach allows natural products or bioactive chemical molecules with known biological functions to be readily annotated with unique amplifiable DNA barcodes by so-called “late-stage” DNA labeling reactions. The final DNA-annotated natural products are included in a DEL, which can be packaged in a single test-tube and screened against a broad spectrum of cellular targets.
5.1 Informatic Tools, Processing, and Evaluation of DEL Selection Data
Authors: Cui W.
Published: March 2024

DEL (DNA-encoded library) selection data is directly decoded from the readout using next-generation sequencing (NGS). For better evaluation of massive amounts of data, informatics tools making use of fundamental statistics are crucial to rule out the negatives together with identifying false-positive or false-negative signals. An understanding of the noise within the whole process, from the DEL construction to the NGS readout, will improve the accuracy and efficiency during data evaluation by scientists and, eventually, machine-learning models. Well-designed visualization tools are also helpful for efficient hit prioritization.
Digital expansionism and big tech companies: consequences in democracies of the European Union
Authors: Saura García Carlos
Published: March 2024

Big digital companies have become key elements in economy, communication, education, and politics in 21st century societies. The neutral ideology in their digital platforms, applications, and services, as well as the exponential growth in their activities can be used by world superpowers —especially the United States and China— to implement geostrategical operations, massive social manipulation or influence democratic processes with the objective of increasing their power and dominance over other nations. The aim of this paper is to state the different strategies of digital expansionism performed by the United States and China, and, additionally, to showcase the negative consequences of these strategies on the population and democracies of the European Union. The first section of this paper will define the concepts of digital sovereignty and digital expansionism as well as their importance in 21st century geopolitics. Next, the important role that big digital companies have on digital expansionism will be analysed, and the usage of digital authoritarianism and digital instrumentarianism performed by the United States and China will be further examined. Finally, the negative consequences of the implementation of these methods in the democratic systems of the European Union will be analysed, as well as what possible solutions there might be for said consequences.
Influence of ion-to-electron temperature ratio on tearing instability and resulting subion-scale turbulence in a low-
β

e collisionless plasma
Authors: Granier C. , Tassi E. , Laveder D. , Passot T. , Sulem P. L.
Published: March 2024

A two-field gyrofluid model including ion finite Larmor radius (FLR) corrections, magnetic fluctuations along the ambient field, and electron inertia is used to study two-dimensional reconnection in a low βe collisionless plasma, in a plane perpendicular to the ambient field. Both moderate and large values of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio τ are considered. The linear growth rate of the tearing instability is computed for various values of τ, confirming the convergence to reduced electron magnetohydrodynamics predictions in the large τ limit. Comparisons with analytical estimates in several limit cases are also presented. The nonlinear dynamics leads to a fully developed turbulent regime that appears to be sensitive to the value of the parameter τ. For τ = 100, strong large-scale velocity shears trigger Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, leading to the propagation of the turbulence through the separatrices, together with the formation of eddies of size of the order of the electron skin depth. In the τ = 1 regime, the vortices are significantly smaller and their accurate description requires that electron FLR effects be taken into account.
Effect of the heave plate's diameter on the transitional motions of a straked marine circular cylinder under different marine conditions
Authors: Bandizadeh Sharif Mahdi , Ghassemi Hassan , He Guanghua , Liu Pengfei
Published: March 2024

This numerical study investigated the influence of the heave plate's diameter on the amplitude of the transitional motions of a marine circular cylinder (MCC) with a low aspect ratio under the marine current and regular waves. Due to the experimental model of the straked MCC, different diameters of the circular heave plate were chosen to be installed at the keel of the 3-straked MCC. In this numerical study, the diameter of the heave plate varied from 1.2 to 1.6 DMCC, while other parameters, such as reduced velocity (VR), Reynolds (Re) number, and Froude number, were kept constant. In this study, the transitional motions, including surge, sway, and heave, were analyzed. The results showed that increasing the heave plate's diameter decreased the amplitude of the transitional motions in both marine current and regular waves. Also, the finding revealed that the heave plate not only reduced the amplitude of the heave motion but also decreased the amplitude of surge and sway motions. Moreover, the outcomes indicated that the heave plate's diameter increased by approximately 20%–40% more than the MCC's diameter. This caused the smaller amplitude of the transitional motions under both marine currents and regular waves.
Thermally generated magnonic spin currents in a polycrystalline gadolinium iron garnet thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Chanda Amit , Holzmann Christian , Schulz Noah , Stein David , Albrecht Manfred , Phan Manh-Huong , Srikanth Hariharan
Published: March 2024

Rare-earth iron garnets (REIGs) are the benchmark systems for magnonics, including the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE). While most research has focused on single-crystalline REIGs on complimentary garnet substrates, moving to more, cost-effective complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible substrates is important to integrate REIG thin films with existing technology. In this regard, we grow a 130 nm-thick polycrystalline gadolinium iron garnet (GdIG) film on the Si/SiO2 substrate and investigate the temperature-dependent LSSE. Interestingly, the polycrystalline GdIG film exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) at room temperature which is induced by tensile in-plane (IP)-strain originating from the thermal-expansion mismatch between the GdIG film and the substrate during rapid thermal annealing. Further, a spin-reorientation transition from the out-of-plane IP direction below TS = 180 K is observed. Additionally, the film reveals a magnetic compensation temperature, TComp, of ≈240 K. The LSSE voltage not only demonstrates a sign-inversion around TComp, but also shows noticeable changes around TS. As compared to a single-crystalline GdIG film, the lower LSSE voltage for the polycrystalline GdIG is attributed to the higher effective magnetic anisotropy and enhanced magnon scattering at the grain boundaries. Our study not only paves the way for the cost-effective growth of CMOS-compatible REIG-based systems with PMA for magnonic memory and information processing applications, but also highlights the fact that the spincaloritronic and spin-insulatronic properties of the polycrystalline REIGs follow those of their single-crystalline counterparts with reduced spin-to-charge conversion efficiency through LSSE which can be tuned further by controlling the average gran size and interface engineering.
Tutorial on how to build non-Markovian dynamic models from molecular dynamics simulations for studying protein conformational changes
Authors: Wu Yue , Cao Siqin , Qiu Yunrui , Huang Xuhui
Published: March 2024

Protein conformational changes play crucial roles in their biological functions. In recent years, the Markov State Model (MSM) constructed from extensive Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations has emerged as a powerful tool for modeling complex protein conformational changes. In MSMs, dynamics are modeled as a sequence of Markovian transitions among metastable conformational states at discrete time intervals (called lag time). A major challenge for MSMs is that the lag time must be long enough to allow transitions among states to become memoryless (or Markovian). However, this lag time is constrained by the length of individual MD simulations available to track these transitions. To address this challenge, we have recently developed Generalized Master Equation (GME)-based approaches, encoding non-Markovian dynamics using a time-dependent memory kernel. In this Tutorial, we introduce the theory behind two recently developed GME-based non-Markovian dynamic models: the quasi-Markov State Model (qMSM) and the Integrative Generalized Master Equation (IGME). We subsequently outline the procedures for constructing these models and provide a step-by-step tutorial on applying qMSM and IGME to study two peptide systems: alanine dipeptide and villin headpiece. This Tutorial is available at https://github.com/xuhuihuang/GME_tutorials. The protocols detailed in this Tutorial aim to be accessible for non-experts interested in studying the biomolecular dynamics using these non-Markovian dynamic models.
A practical guide to mitigate edge fracture instability in sheared polymer melts
Authors: Li Benke , Pyromali Christina , Costanzo Salvatore , Mavromanolakis Antonios , Vlassopoulos Dimitris
Published: March 2024

The measurement of nonlinear shear response of viscoelastic materials is often hindered by edge fracture instabilities. The phenomenon was first addressed theoretically by Tanner and Keentok and ever since has attracted the interest of experimentalists and theorists alike. Despite progress, accounting for or mitigating edge fracture remains a challenge, in particular when dealing with strongly viscoelastic materials such as entangled polymer melts. Here, we present and compare different experimental attempts to delay edge fracture in a cone-and-plate (CP) geometry, including the use of an immiscible fluid bath around the sample (that reduces the stress and interfacial gradients in comparison with the sample/air interface), a cone-partitioned plate (CPP) fixture, and an outer collar attached to the sample's edge (in a CP or CPP fixture). Focusing on the torque signal, we find that the combination of CPP and collar provides the best results. This may indeed help measuring highly elastic materials over an extended range of shear rates and, importantly, contribute to reliably measuring the normal stress coefficients in a cone-partitioned plate tool. It is, therefore, hoped that this simple idea will be further pursued in the direction of improving our current rheometric capabilities.
Quantifying noise effects in optical measures of excited state transport
Authors: Thiebes Joseph J. , Grumstrup Erik M.
Published: March 2024

Time-resolved microscopy is a widely used approach for imaging and quantifying charge and energy transport in functional materials. While it is generally recognized that resolving small diffusion lengths is limited by measurement noise, the impacts of noise have not been systematically assessed or quantified. This article reports modeling efforts to elucidate the impact of noise on optical probes of transport. Excited state population distributions, modeled as Gaussians with additive white noise typical of experimental conditions, are subject to decay and diffusive evolution. Using a conventional composite least-squares fitting algorithm, the resulting diffusion constant estimates are compared with the model input parameter. The results show that heteroscedasticity (i.e., time-varying noise levels), insufficient spatial and/or temporal resolution, and small diffusion lengths relative to the magnitude of noise lead to a surprising degree of imprecision under moderate experimental parameters. Moreover, the compounding influence of low initial contrast and small diffusion length leads to systematic overestimation of diffusion coefficients. Each of these issues is quantitatively analyzed herein, and experimental approaches to mitigate them are proposed. General guidelines for experimentalists to rapidly assess measurement precision are provided, as is an open-source tool for customizable evaluation of noise effects on time-resolved microscopy transport measurements.
Deicing and status characteristics of dual-side pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Peng Bangfa , Li Jie , Jiang Nan , Jiang Yan , Chen Zhanqing , Lei Zhipeng , Song Jiancheng
Published: March 2024

The deicing process and its status characteristics of dual-side pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) are studied via electro-optical diagnostics, thermal properties, and numerical simulation. Experimental results show that the dual-side pulsed SDBD can remove the glaze ice compared to the traditional pulsed SDBD under the applied pulse voltage of 8 kV and a pulse frequency of 1 kHz. The maximal temperature of dual-side pulsed SDBD reaches 39.5 °C under the discharge time of 800 s, while the maximal temperature of traditional pulsed SDBD is still below ice point about −7.8 °C. Surface temperatures of dual-side pulsed SDBD demonstrate that the SDBD with a gap of 1 mm possesses prospects in deicing. The maximal surface temperature reaches 37.1 °C under the pulse of 8 kV after the discharge time of 90 s. Focusing on the thermal effect, a two-dimensional plasma fluid model is implemented, and the results also indicate that the dual-side pulsed SDBD with a gap of 1 mm produces a highest heat density among the three different configurations. Comparing the spatial-temporal evolutions of plasma on both dielectric sides, primary positive streamer has a longer propagation length of 8.6 mm than the secondary negative streamer, the primary negative streamer, and the secondary positive streamer, which induces a long heat covered area. Four stages of deicing process are analyzed through a series of electrical parameters under different covered ice conditions.
Effect of fabrication parameters on the ferroelectricity of hafnium zirconium oxide films: A statistical study
Authors: Salcedo Guillermo A. , Islam Ahmad E. , Reichley Elizabeth , Dietz Michael , Schubert-Kabban Christine M. , Leedy Kevin D. , Back Tyson C. , Wang Weisong , Green Andrew , Wolfe Timothy , Sattler James M.
Published: March 2024

Ferroelectricity in hafnium zirconium oxide (Hf1−xZrxO2) and the factors that impact it have been a popular research topic since its discovery in 2011. Although the general trends are known, the interactions between fabrication parameters and their effect on the ferroelectricity of Hf1−xZrxO2 require further investigation. In this paper, we present a statistical study and a model that relates Zr concentration (x), film thickness (tf), and annealing temperature (Ta) with the remanent polarization (Pr) in tungsten (W)-capped Hf1−xZrxO2. This work involved the fabrication and characterization of 36 samples containing multiple sets of metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitors while varying x (0.26, 0.48, and 0.57), tf (10 and 19 nm), and Ta (300, 400, 500, and 600 °C). In addition to the well-understood effects of x and Ta on the ferroelectricity of Hf1−xZrxO2, the statistical analysis showed that thicker Hf1−xZrxO2 films or films with higher x require lower Ta to crystallize and demonstrated that there is no statistical difference between samples annealed to 500 and 600 °C, thus suggesting that most films fully crystallize with Ta ∼ 500 °C for 60 s. Our model explains 95% of the variability in the Pr data for the films fabricated, presents the estimates of the phase composition of the film, and provides a starting point for selecting fabrication parameters when a specific Pr is desired.
In situ characterization of optical micro/nano fibers using scattering loss analysis
Authors: Suman Shashank , Bashaiah Elaganuru , M Resmi , Yalla Ramachandrarao
Published: March 2024

We experimentally demonstrate the in situ characterization of optical micro/nano fibers (MNFs). The MNF (test fiber, TF) is positioned on a microfiber (probe fiber, PF) and simulated for the scattering loss at various PF and TF diameters. The TF is fabricated using chemical etching technique. The PF is a conventional single-mode fiber with an outer diameter of 125 μm. We measure the scattering loss along the TF axis at various positions i.e., diameters by mounting it on the PF. The diameter profile of the TF is inferred from the measured scattering loss and correlated with its surface morphology measurement. This work demonstrates an effective, low-cost, and non-destructive method for in situ characterization of fabricated MNFs. It can detect and determine the irregularities on the surface of OMNFs. It can also be used to quantify the local evanescent field. Detecting such local points can improve studies that are carried out using these fields in various sensing and related study domains. It is simple to implement and can be accessed by all domains of researchers.
The effect of machine learning predicted anharmonic frequencies on thermodynamic properties of fluid hydrogen fluoride
Authors: Khanifaev Jamoliddin , Schrader Tim , Perlt Eva
Published: March 2024

Anharmonic effects play a crucial role in determining thermochemical properties of liquids and gases. For such extended phases, the inclusion of anharmonicity in reliable electronic structure methods is computationally extremely demanding, and hence, anharmonic effects are often lacking in thermochemical calculations. In this study, we apply the quantum cluster equilibrium method to transfer density functional theory calculations at the cluster level to the macroscopic, liquid, and gaseous phase of hydrogen fluoride. This allows us to include anharmonicity, either via vibrational self-consistent field calculations for smaller clusters or using a regression model for larger clusters. We obtain the structural composition of the fluid phases in terms of the population of different clusters as well as isobaric heat capacities as an example for thermodynamic properties. We study the role of anharmonicities for these analyses and observe that, in particular, the dominating structural motifs are rather sensitive to the anharmonicity in vibrational frequencies. The regression model proves to be a promising way to get access to anharmonic features, and the extension to more sophisticated machine-learning models is promising.
Modulated dust-ion-acoustic waves result from Earth's magnetosphere and lunar ionosphere interactions
Authors: Tolba R. E. , Moslem W. M. , Sabry R.
Published: March 2024

The Earth's magnetosphere's modulational amplitude dust-ion-acoustic waves are studied. When the moon passes through the Earth's magnetotail, its dust grains may interact, causing these waves. The theoretical plasma model for this study includes positive ionospheric ion fluids, isothermal electrons, and fluid-negative dust grains on the moon. A perturbation technique derived the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which exhibited dispersion and nonlinear effects. The nonlinear and dispersion term coefficients' polarity may predict stable and unstable pulse domains. A numerical study was performed to identify unstable pulse domains and their connections with bright and rogue unstable modes. The effects of critical plasma conditions on these pulses' basic features have been studied. This study showed that increasing the ratio of ions to electrons temperature and density reduces system nonlinearity. Consequently, shorter unstable pulses are formed. Amplification of plasma unstable waves results in an increase in their intensity and energy, potentially impacting any device traveling through the area of impact.
Spontaneous motion of solid object on open channel
Authors: Song Dong , Wang Xiang , Xu Changshen , Liu Yonghe , Huang Qiaogao
Published: March 2024

Spontaneous motion of a solid object floating on an unsymmetrical geometric open channel is investigated. The open channel was created by selectively fabricating hydrophilic patterns on a superhydrophobic substrate, confining water within the hydrophilic region, thus forming a distinct open channel. As a rectangular foam block was placed on a triangular open channel, the variation of the spanwise width of the wetted area leads to a gradient of surface tension force along the centerline that is able to drive the foam block directionally. What is more, two open channels could be parallelly arranged together to drive even larger object. A theoretical model was developed to explain the mechanism, which agrees well with the experimental results. The findings of this work extend the application of capillary force, which could be used in areas such as self-driven microfluidics, surface lubrication, and open microchannels.
Effect of caffeine on the aggregation of amyloid-β–A 3D RISM study
Authors: Dey Priya , Biswas Parbati
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is a detrimental neurological disorder caused by the formation of amyloid fibrils due to the aggregation of amyloid-β peptide. The primary therapeutic approaches for treating Alzheimer’s disease are targeted to prevent this amyloid fibril formation using potential inhibitor molecules. The discovery of such inhibitor molecules poses a formidable challenge to the design of anti-amyloid drugs. This study investigates the effect of caffeine on dimer formation of the full-length amyloid-β using a combined approach of all-atom, explicit water molecular dynamics simulations and the three-dimensional reference interaction site model theory. The change in the hydration free energy of amyloid-β dimer, with and without the inhibitor molecules, is calculated with respect to the monomeric amyloid-β, where the hydration free energy is decomposed into energetic and entropic components, respectively. Dimerization is accompanied by a positive change in the partial molar volume. Dimer formation is spontaneous, which implies a decrease in the hydration free energy. However, a reverse trend is observed for the dimer with inhibitor molecules. It is observed that the negatively charged residues primarily contribute for the formation of the amyloid-β dimer. A residue-wise decomposition reveals that hydration/dehydration of the side-chain atoms of the charged amino acid residues primarily contribute to dimerization.
Deformation and breakup of a ferrofluid droplet in shear flow under magnetic field
Authors: Kawabata Yuto , Ishida Shunichi , Imai Yohsuke
Published: March 2024

Effects of magnetic field applied perpendicular to a shear plane in shear flow on the deformation of a ferrofluid droplet are numerically investigated. The boundary integral method is employed to solve the two-phase Stokes flow under a uniform magnetic field. When the magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the shear plane, the deformation of the droplet in the shear plane decreases. The magnetic field causes the droplet to elongate in the y-direction, and its cross-sectional radius in shear plane decreases. Consequently, the apparent capillary number in the shear plane decreases, thereby suppressing the droplet deformation. Droplet breakup is also suppressed by imposing a magnetic field perpendicular to the shear plane, thereby increasing the critical capillary numbers. The critical capillary numbers for the magnetic Bond numbers Bo = 2.0 and 4.0 increase to approximately 110% and 130%, respectively, than those without magnetic field. Furthermore, an equation for the theoretical prediction of the droplet deformation under a magnetic field in shear flow is presented, which is based on the small deformation theory, the decrease in the cross-sectional radius, and the boundary conditions at the droplet interface. The theoretical prediction agrees well with the numerical results for the variation in the magnetic susceptibility of the droplet as well as the viscosity ratio between the external fluid and the ferrofluid droplet under a small deformation. The critical capillary numbers under a magnetic field can also be predicted by using the numerical results without a magnetic field.
Prediction in bilingual sentence processing
Authors: Meir Natalia , Parshina Olga , Sekerina Irina A.
Published: March 2024

The Unified Competition Model (MacWhinney, 2012)
accounts for cross-linguistic differences in thematic role mapping. We investigated production and predictive use of accusative
case morphology in Russian-Hebrew bilingual children. We also investigated the role of production in predictive processing testing
the Prediction-by-Production Account (Pickering & Garrod, 2018)
vs. the Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis (Prévost & White,
2000). Three groups of children aged 4–8 participated: Russian-Hebrew-speaking bilinguals, Russian-speaking and
Hebrew-speaking monolingual controls. All children participated in the accusative case production and Visual-World eye-tracking
comprehension experiments. Bilinguals were tested in both of their languages. The results of the study confirmed the predictions
of the Unified Competition Model showing typological differences in the strength of the case-marking cue and its
predictive use in sentence processing in Russian- and Hebrew-speaking controls. While Russian-speaking monolinguals relied on case
marking to predict the upcoming agent/patient, the performance of Hebrew-speaking monolingual children varied. The findings for
bilinguals showed that despite their lower production accuracy in both languages, they were either indistinguishable from
monolinguals or showed an advantage in the predictive use of case morphology. The findings support the Missing Surface
Inflection Hypothesis, which predicts a dissociation between production and comprehension.
Actions of known-answer questions in guided tours
Authors: Hosoda Yuri , Aline David
Published: March 2024

This study explores how guided tour interaction is achieved through certain question formats, specifically known-answer questions (KAQs), as they are deployed by guides for subsequently designing their talk to fit perceived visitor knowledge and for inviting visitor involvement in question-initiated talk. The approximately 470 minutes of video-recorded data come from guided tours in Japan, Belgium, South Korea, and Cambodia. In these tours, English was used as a common language among local guides and their foreign visitors. Analysis revealed how mobile tours are accomplished through sequences initiated by guides’ KAQs, exposing the guides’ strategic deployment of these questions and demonstrating how they subsequently utilized visitor responses to construct their talk. Comparison of the findings from the current study with those from previous research on KAQs in other institutional talk, such as educational and political settings, implies that, depending on the interactional goals, KAQs may perform diverse actions.
Les animaux aquatiques dans la fable antique et médiévale
Authors: Laïd Baptiste
Published: March 2024

Abstraite

Poissons, dauphin, baleine, pieuvre et coquillages, mais aussi crocodiles, grenouilles, crapauds et tortues
peuplent les fables ésopiques grecques d’animaux aquatiques ou amphibies. Pourtant, ces personnages sont presque entièrement
absents dans la fable médiévale. Comment expliquer cette disparition? Muets et nettement séparés du monde des hommes et des
quadrupèdes, les poissons et les dauphins n’ont pas intéressé Phèdre qui n’en a retenu aucun dans ses fables. Avianus a traité de
quelques animaux aquatiques (poisson, crabe, tortue) ce qui a garanti leur survie à l’époque médiévale, non sans quelques
transformations qui affectent tôt l’iconographie. Romulus, de son côté, n’a hérité de Phèdre que la grenouille dans plusieurs
récits restés fameux. Cet animal, cependant, reste ambigu: rusée ou stupide? innocente ou fole? proie ou
prédatrice? À différentes périodes et dans différents styles, les fables ont tiré profit de l’ambivalence du symbolisme de cet
animal de l’entre-deux.
Sub specie animalium
Authors: Macciò Andrea
Published: March 2024

Astratta

Dopo aver avanzato alcune ipotesi di datazione della Regale du Monde (seconda metà del secolo
XIV), l’intervento fa luce sul complesso uso simbolico degli animali nel discorso politico-sociale del componimento. Introdotta da
una trasfigurazione araldica dei regnanti di Francia e Inghilterra nel contesto contingente della guerra dei cent’anni, la visione
storico-profetica di cui consta la Regale è infatti presieduta da un universo faunistico che intende
rappresentare il microcosmo tripartito della società medioevale. In particolare, la rigenerazione del saeculum
annessa all’incipiente regno del dedicatario, Carlo V il Saggio, è messa in scena da una doppia processione e da un
conflictus che vedono protagoniste tre specie diverse di bestie e di uccelli, di cui il presente studio
intende approfondire il significato simbolico, con specifico riguardo al caso peculiarissimo del tarin (il
lucherino). L’articolo offre, infine, un’edizione e una traduzione del prologo latino che apre il testo così com’è conservato nel
codice di Cambridge (Trinity Hall Library, ms. 12, ff. 100ra–103rb).
L’écureuil, l’oie et les reliques
Authors: Radomme Thibaut
Published: March 2024

Abstraite

L’article examine deux ‘récits de substitution lexicale,’ dans lesquels une jeune personne se voit interdire
l’usage d’un mot réputé inconvenant ou dangereux au profit d’un mot jugé convenable ou inoffensif: le fabliau
L’Esquiriel et la nouvelle Les Oies de Lipe Baldulce extraite du Decameron
de Boccace dans la traduction de Laurent de Premierfait. À partir d’une lecture croisée avec la célèbre dispute entre Raison et
l’Amant sur l’emploi du mot couille dans le Roman de la Rose, il est suggéré que ces récits
mettent en jeu l’opposition entre conventionnalisme et naturalisme linguistique et la question du caractère motivé ou arbitraire
du signe linguistique. En donnant écho à des théories linguistiques savantes, ces textes questionnent notre perception de la
frontière entre la littérature courtoise et la culture cléricale.
La mort du héros annoncée par celle de son cheval
Authors: Redondo Jordi
Published: March 2024

Abstraite

La poésie des peuples indo-européens compte parmi ses schémas narratifs celui de la mort du cheval annonçant celle
du héros, un motif très ancien dont les traces sont répandues sur une aire géographique et linguistique concernant plusieurs
traditions aussi bien de l’Europe que de l’Asie. Du point de vue littéraire, c’est le genre épique qui détient le monopole du
thème. Notre contribution cherche d’abord à identifier les éléments les plus anciens du motif; un deuxième objectif porte sur la
distribution des différentes traditions secondaires sur la base de la distinction des innovations que l’on peut y reconnaître. Des
textes espagnols, français, grecs, iraniens, irlandais, latins, russes et serbes fourniront les données pour notre quête.
Locating the digital in literary translatorship
Authors: Zhang Wenqian , Akashi Motoko , Freeth Peter Jonathan
Published: March 2024

Thanks to the inclusion of sociological perspectives in the development of translator studies, the roles played by
literary translators in the movement of texts between languages and cultures, and their positions within the fields of power that
govern these processes, have become increasingly popular objects of study. However, despite the focus of sociological and
translator studies on the agency and habitus of translators in literary translation processes, little has been done to connect
this work to the ever-changing and proliferating digital contexts in which literary translation now takes place. This introductory
article therefore seeks to position existing perspectives on literary translatorship within contemporary digital contexts whilst
highlighting the increasing role of digital technology within literary translation processes, thereby emphasising the need to
include digital technologies within all forms of research on contemporary literary translatorship going forwards.