bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tubular bile duct structure mimicking bile duct morphogenesis for prospective in vitro liver metabolite recovery
Authors: Rizki-Safitri Astia , Shinohara Marie , Tanaka Minoru , Sakai Yasuyuki
Published: March 2020

Background

Liver metabolites are used to diagnose disease and examine drugs in clinical pharmacokinetics. Therefore, development of an in vitro assay system that reproduces liver metabolite recovery would provide important benefits to pharmaceutical research. However, liver models have proven challenging to develop because of the lack of an appropriate bile duct structure for the accumulation and transport of metabolites from the liver parenchyma. Currently available bile duct models, such as the bile duct cyst-embedded extracellular matrix (ECM), lack any morphological resemblance to the tubular morphology of the living bile duct. Moreover, these systems cannot overcome metabolite recovery issues because they are established in isolated culture systems. Here, we successfully established a non-continuous tubular bile duct structure model in an open-culture system, which closely resembled an in vivo structure. This system was utilized to effectively collect liver metabolites separately from liver parenchymal cells.

Results

Triple-cell co-culture of primary rat hepatoblasts, rat biliary epithelial cells, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts was grown to mimic the morphogenesis of the bile duct during liver development. Overlaying the cells with ECM containing a Matrigel and collagen type I gel mixture promoted the development of a tubular bile duct structure. In this culture system, the expression of specific markers and signaling molecules related to biliary epithelial cell differentiation was highly upregulated during the ductal formation process. This bile duct structure also enabled the separate accumulation of metabolite analogs from liver parenchymal cells.

Conclusions

A morphogenesis-based culture system effectively establishes an advanced bile duct structure and improves the plasticity of liver models feasible for autologous in vitro metabolite-bile collection, which may enhance the performance of high-throughput liver models in cell-based assays.
Human iPS cell-derived mural cells as an in vitro model of hereditary cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Yamamoto Yumi , Kojima Katsutoshi , Taura Daisuke , Sone Masakatsu , Washida Kazuo , Egawa Naohiro , Kondo Takayuki , Minakawa Eiko N. , Tsukita Kayoko , Enami Takako , Tomimoto Hidekazu , Mizuno Toshiki , Kalaria Raj N. , Inagaki Nobuya , Takahashi Ryosuke , Harada-Shiba Mariko , Ihara Masafumi , Inoue Haruhisa
Published: March 2020

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is one of the most common forms of hereditary cerebral small vessel diseases and is caused by mutations inNOTCH3. Our group has previously reported incorporation of NOTCH3 extracellular domain (N3ECD) in the CADASIL-specific granular osmiophilic materials and increase of PDGFRβ immunoreactivity in CADASIL postmortem brains. Here, we aimed to establish an in vitro model of CADASIL, which can recapitulate those CADASIL phenotypes, using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We have refined a differentiation protocol of endothelial cells to obtain mature mural cells (MCs) with their characteristic properties. iPSCs from three CADASIL patients with p.Arg182Cys, p.Arg141Cys and p.Cys106Arg mutations were differentiated into MCs and their functional and molecular profiles were compared. The differentiated CADASIL MCs recapitulated pathogenic changes reported previously: increased PDGFRβ and abnormal structure/distribution of filamentous actin network, as well as N3ECD/LTBP-1/HtrA1-immunopositive deposits. Migration rate of CADASIL MCs was enhanced but suppressed by knockdown ofNOTCH3orPDGFRB. CADASIL MCs showed altered reactivity to PDGF-BB. Patient-derived MCs can recapitulate CADASIL pathology and are therefore useful in understanding the pathogenesis and developing potential treatment strategies.
An interesting case of likely BRCA2 related bilateral breast cancer with metastasis in the fimbrial part of fallopian tube
Authors: Boltežar Lučka , Gašljević Gorana , Novaković Srdjan , Stegel Vida , Škof Erik
Published: March 2020

Background

In a patient with a germline BRCA2 pathogenic variant with breast cancer, an adnexal mass can represent either a metachronous primary tumor or a metastasis of the breast cancer. A clear distinction between those two possibilities is crucial since treatments differ substantially and so does survival of the patient.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 47-year-old patient with bilateral breast carcinoma with a germline BRCA2 pathogenic variant. The first manifestation of the disease was a lump in her left breast in 1998, histological report was invasive ductal carcinoma, triple-negative. She was treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In 2011 a new occult carcinoma was found in her right axilla, however the specimen was estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) positive. She was treated as a new primary occult carcinoma of the right breast with surgery, radiotherapy and adjuvant hormonal treatment. In 2016 a mass in the left adnexa was found with imaging techniques. She underwent surgery as if it was primary ovarian cancer, yet histology revealed it was a metastasis of a triple-negative breast carcinoma in the fimbrial part of the left Fallopian tube. She received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery and is now in complete remission.

Conclusion

We present an interesting and quite rare case of two primary breast carcinomas in a patient with a known BRCA2 pathogenic variant with metastasis in the fimbrial part of the left Fallopian tube. We conclude that there were two primary breast tumours and the one from 2011 spread into the fimbrial part of the left Fallopian tube in 2016. Despite the fact that molecular analyses could not confirm the joint tumour origin, we believe that there was a receptor status conversion over time explaining different receptor status. The possibility of a triple-negative metastasis from the tumour treated in 1998 is less probable. With both of aforementioned possibilities being prognostically unfavourable, the patients’ outcome is so far excellent and she was in complete remission at the time of writing this article.
VALOR2: characterization of large-scale structural variants using linked-reads
Authors: Karaoğlanoğlu Fatih , Ricketts Camir , Ebren Ezgi , Rasekh Marzieh Eslami , Hajirasouliha Iman , Alkan Can
Published: March 2020

Most existing methods for structural variant detection focus on discovery and genotyping of deletions, insertions, and mobile elements. Detection of balanced structural variants with no gain or loss of genomic segments, for example, inversions and translocations, is a particularly challenging task. Furthermore, there are very few algorithms to predict the insertion locus of large interspersed segmental duplications and characterize translocations. Here, we propose novel algorithms to characterize large interspersed segmental duplications, inversions, deletions, and translocations using linked-read sequencing data. We redesign our earlier algorithm, VALOR, and implement our new algorithms in a new software package, called VALOR2.
Feasibility of a paediatric radiology escape room for undergraduate education
Authors: Liu Chantal , Patel Raeesa , Ogunjinmi Bukola , Briffa Corey , Allain-Chapman Miranda , Coffey Josephine , Kallam Neha , Leung Marco Shiu Tsun , Lim Annabelle , Shamsad Sabina , El-Sharnouby Farah , Tsang Emily , Whitehead Jennifer , Bretherton Josephine , Ramsay Lauren , Shelmerdine Susan C.
Published: March 2020

Objectives

To develop a paediatric radiology themed escape room session for undergraduate education and secondly, to determine participant satisfaction and improvement in knowledge.

Methods

A paediatric radiology escape room with accompanying tutorial was developed around key learning objectives set within the RCR and ESR undergraduate curriculum. Students were recruited from two different universities and undertook the escape room themed teaching. An 8-question single best answer (SBA) test was completed before, immediately after and at 2 weeks post-teaching to determine participant improvement and retention of knowledge. The general feedback was also collected.

Results

The escape room sessions were held three times, for 19 students (6–7 students per session). All groups completed the escape room in ≤ 20 min. Students enjoyed the experience, assigning an average satisfaction score of 9.4/10 (range 7–10). The majority (17/19, 89.5%) preferred this method of teaching to a lecture-based tutorial alone, although all said they found the tutorial component useful. For the SBA test, there was an average increase in 3.6 marks (range 1–6 marks) per participant between before and after the escape room. This improved knowledge was mostly sustained after 2 weeks, with an average increase of 3.4 marks difference (range 1 to 6) per participant compared to before the teaching.

Conclusions

A paediatric radiology themed escape room is a feasible teaching method, enjoyed by participants and associated with an increase in radiological knowledge. Further work with larger sample size and direct comparison with other traditional teaching methods is required.
Enabling community-based metrology for wood-degrading fungi
Authors: Perez Rolando , Luccioni Marina , Kamakaka Rohinton , Clamons Samuel , Gaut Nathaniel , Stirling Finn , Adamala Katarzyna P. , Silver Pamela A. , Endy Drew
Published: March 2020

Background

Lignocellulosic biomass could support a greatly-expanded bioeconomy. Current strategies for using biomass typically rely on single-cell organisms and extensive ancillary equipment to produce precursors for downstream manufacturing processes. Alternative forms of bioproduction based on solid-state fermentation and wood-degrading fungi could enable more direct means of manufacture. However, basic methods for cultivating wood-degrading fungi are often ad hoc and not readily reproducible. Here, we developed standard reference strains, substrates, measurements, and methods sufficient to begin to enable reliable reuse of mycological materials and products in simple laboratory settings.

Results

We show that a widely-available and globally-regularized consumer product (Pringles™) can support the growth of wood-degrading fungi, and that growth on Pringles™-broth can be correlated with growth on media made from a fully-traceable and compositionally characterized substrate (National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference Material 8492 Eastern Cottonwood Whole Biomass Feedstock). We also establish a Relative Extension Unit (REU) framework that is designed to reduce variation in quantification of radial growth measurements. So enabled, we demonstrate that five laboratories were able to compare measurements of wood-fungus performance via a simple radial extension growth rate assay, and that our REU-based approach reduced variation in reported measurements by up to ~ 75%.

Conclusions

Reliable reuse of materials, measures, and methods is necessary to enable distributed bioproduction processes that can be adopted at all scales, from local to industrial. Our community-based measurement methods incentivize practitioners to coordinate the reuse of standard materials, methods, strains, and to share information supporting work with wood-degrading fungi.
Correction to: Biomarkers and neuromodulation techniques in substance use disorders
Authors: Habelt Bettina , Arvaneh Mahnaz , Bernhardt Nadine , Minev Ivan
Published: March 2020

The original version of this article [1], published on 17 February 2020, contained incorrect sentence.
Prescribed fire science: the case for a refined research agenda
Authors: Hiers J. Kevin , O’Brien Joseph J. , Varner J. Morgan , Butler Bret W. , Dickinson Matthew , Furman James , Gallagher Michael , Godwin David , Goodrick Scott L. , Hood Sharon M. , Hudak Andrew , Kobziar Leda N. , Linn Rodman , Loudermilk E. Louise , McCaffrey Sarah , Robertson Kevin , Rowell Eric M. , Skowronski Nicholas , Watts Adam C. , Yedinak Kara M.
Published: March 2020

The realm of wildland fire science encompasses both wild and prescribed fires. Most of the research in the broader field has focused on wildfires, however, despite the prevalence of prescribed fires and demonstrated need for science to guide its application. We argue that prescribed fire science requires a fundamentally different approach to connecting related disciplines of physical, natural, and social sciences. We also posit that research aimed at questions relevant to prescribed fire will improve overall wildland fire science and stimulate the development of useful knowledge about managed wildfires. Because prescribed fires are increasingly promoted and applied for wildfire management and are intentionally ignited to meet policy and land manager objectives, a broader research agenda incorporating the unique features of prescribed fire is needed. We highlight the primary differences between prescribed fire science and wildfire science in the study of fuels, fire behavior, fire weather, fire effects, and fire social science. Wildfires managed for resource benefits (“managed wildfires”) offer a bridge for linking these science frameworks. A recognition of the unique science needs related to prescribed fire will be key to addressing the global challenge of managing wildland fire for long-term sustainability of natural resources.
Petrophysical characteristics and log identification of lacustrine shale lithofacies: A case study of the first member of Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhao Xiaoqing , Fu Xiaofei , Yuan Baiyan , Bai Longhui , Zhang Yuwei , Ostadhassan Mehdi
Published: March 2020

As an unconventional resource, shale reservoirs recently have attracted considerable attention in the petroleum industry. Shale plays are highly heterogenous vertically and laterally and are characterized by rapid changes in mineral composition. Thus, identification of dominant lithofacies is a key issue in the development of shale oil and gas reservoirs. In this study, various existing lithofacies in a shale section as a target unit in the Qingshankou Formation are divided based on organic matter content, sedimentary structure, and mineral composition. To delineate the electrofacies from the log, the multiresolution graph-based clustering (MRGC) is used to optimize the conventional logs that are sensitive to the electrofacies clustering analyses. Based on the principle of lithofacies identification, the electrofacies are artificially related to the lithofacies as well. This was done by analyzing the petrophysical characteristics of various shale lithofacies, to enable obtaining the main log parameters for the facies of the lacustrine shale section understudy. The results showed that by considering the underlying geologic criterion of each lithofacies, the MRGC method is able to correlate geophysical characteristics of each identified electrofacies for an optimal selection of six lithofacies.
West Indian Literature and Federation: Imaginative Accord and Uneven Realities
Authors: Donnell Alison
Published: March 2020

This essay explores the particular importance conferred on literary expression within a wide range of writings dedicated to understanding and responding to the project of the West Indies Federation. Although federation was conceived, and briefly achieved, as a political expression of community building and people making, the consistent practice of referencing and invoking literary works across these writings reveals the project’s central and necessary investment in the reimagination of identities and belongings. Yet while the literary expression of a West Indian sensibility helped to articulate the political consciousness necessary for change, it could not finally overcome the sources of tension in the region. Importantly, too, the same West Indian writers who symbolized the collective belonging to the region, so cherished by federation, were themselves embroiled in the discordant realities of economic markets and measures and caught between national and international belongings.
Brain Tumor Detection from MRI using Adaptive Thresholding and Histogram based Techniques
Authors: Murali E , Meena K
Published: March 2020

This paper depicts a computerized framework that can distinguish brain tumor and investigate the diverse highlights of the tumor. Brain tumor segmentation means to isolated the unique tumor tissues, for example, active cells, edema and necrotic center from ordinary mind tissues of WM, GM, and CSF. However, manual segmentation in magnetic resonance data is a timeconsuming task. We present a method of automatic tumor segmentation in magnetic resonance images which consists of several steps. The recommended framework is helped by image processing based technique that gives improved precision rate of the cerebrum tumor location along with the computation of tumor measure. In this paper, the location of brain tumor from MRI isrecognized utilizing adaptive thresholding with a level set and a morphological procedure with histogram. Automatic brain tumor stage is performed by using ensemble classification. Such phase classifies brain images into tumor and non-tumors using Feed Forwarded Artificial neural network based classifier. For test investigation, continuous MRI images gathered from 200 people are utilized. The rate of fruitful discovery through the proposed procedure is 97.32 percentage accurate.
Background Modelling using a Q-Tree Based Foreground Segmentation
Authors: Shahidha Banu S , Maheswari N
Published: March 2020

Background modelling is an empirical part in the procedure of foreground mining of idle and moving objects. The foreground object detection has become a challenging phenomenon due to intermittent objects, intensity variation, image artefact and dynamic background in the video analysis and video surveillance applications. In the video surveillances application, a large amount of data is getting processed by everyday basis. Thus it needs an efficient background modelling technique which could process those larger sets of data which promotes effective foreground detection. In this paper, we presented a renewed background modelling method for foreground segmentation. The main objective of the work is to perform the foreground extraction only inthe intended region of interest using proposed Q-Tree algorithm. At most all the present techniques consider their updates to the pixels of the entire frame which may result in inefficient foreground detection with a quick update to slow moving objects. The proposed method contract these defect by extracting the foreground object by controlling the region of interest (the region only where the background subtraction is to be performed) and thereby reducing the false positive and false negative. The extensive experimental results and the evaluation parameters of the proposed approach with the state of art method were compared against the most recent background subtraction approaches. Moreover, we use challenge change detection dataset and the efficiency of our method is analyzed in different environmental conditions (indoor, outdoor) from the CDnet2014 dataset and additional real time videos. The experimental results were satisfactorily verified the strengths and weakness of proposed method against the existing state-of-the-art background modelling methods.
Topological Ordering Signal Selection Technique for Internet of Things based on Combinational Gate for Visibility Enhancement
Authors: Rajendran Agalya , Rajappa Muthaiah
Published: March 2020

In modern System on Chip (SoC) design consist of intelligence of products, Internet of Things (IoT) based devices, mobile phones, laptops, servers etc. This shrinking market reduces the design automation validation process. Signal selection is the most effective and challenging technique in post-silicon validation and debug. The vital problem prevailing in this method is that it has limited observability and controllability due to the minimum number of storage space in the trace buffer. This tends to select the signals prudently in order to maximize the state reconstruction. To identify the trace signals, signal restoration is the extensive metric that has been used so far. Topology-based restoration method is proposed here to minimize the error detectionlatency which helps to select the trace signals with minimum error or even errorless. This method aid to detect more number of errors within limited number of clock cyclesthan the restoration only selection techniques.
Secured Identity Based Cryptosystem Approach for Intelligent Routing Protocol in VANET
Authors: Karthikeyan A , Kuppusamy P G , Amiri Iraj S
Published: March 2020

Vehicular specially appointed systems named as Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) have been raising dependent on the condition of-art advancements in remote and system communication. The message confirmations among vehicles and infrastructure are fundamental for the VANET security. The genuine personality of vehicles ought not to be uncovered, yet which is just detectable by approved nodes. Existing arrangements either depend vigorously on a carefully designed hardware or cannot fulfill the security necessity. Secured Identity Based Cryptosystem Approach (SIDBC) for intelligent routing protocol is proposed for better results since implementing a secured network for traffic forecasting and efficient routing in dynamically changing environment. Polynomial key generation is utilized for generating identity based pseudonym keys for each and every node that comes under the system. This keying process protects the node from malignant node from passing false information. The assessment output demonstrates that the planned method is more effective than past schemes since it is free pairing and it fulfills security and protection prerequisites.
Minimizing Deadline Misses and Total Run-time with Load Balancing for a Connected Car Systems in Fog Computing
Authors: Naik K Jairam , Naik D Hanumanth
Published: March 2020

Cloud computing helps in providing the applications with a few number of resources that are used to unload the tasks. But there are certain applications like coordinated lane change assistance which are helpful in cars that connects to internet has strict time constraints, and it may not be possible to get the job done just by unloading the tasks to the cloud. Fog computing helps in reducing the latency i.e the computation is now done in local fog servers instead of remote datacentres and these fog servers are connected to the nearby distance to clients. To achieve better timing performance in fog computing load balancing in these fog servers is to be performed in an efficient manner.The challenges in the proposed application includes the number of tasks are high, client mobility and heterogeneous nature of fog servers. We use mobility patterns of connected cars and load balancing is done periodically among fog servers. The task model presented here in this paper solves scheduling problem and this is done at the server level and not on the device level. And at last, we present an optimization problem formulation for balancing the load and for reducing the misses in deadline, also the time required for running the task in these cars will be minimized with the help of fog computing. It also performs better than somecommon algorithms such as active monitoring, weighted round robin and throttled load balancer.
Authorial Neologisms in Translation: Is the Translator a Smuggler?
Authors: Salich Hanna
Published: March 2020

Science fiction depicts worlds that often differ greatly from the real one. These worlds may be set in the remote future and so consist of elements unfamiliar to the reader. The names of those elements may be untypical or, conversely, they may be typical but denote unexpected referents. However, the border between a fictional world (even the most fantastic one) and reality is not as thick as it seems to be. A similar relation exists between the original and target texts. The article deals with Stanisław Lem’s neologisms that occur in his novel Memoirs Found in a Bathtub and their translation into English. The real and literary world are understood as two borderlands and translation is viewed as creating a third one. The border is set by the author who, in order to separate the real from the fantastic, uses new words and expressions to name the elements of the narrative world. The translators, whose intention is to supply the text to the target reader, decode and render these names in various ways, and by doing so often change the shape of a given border.
Viewpoint in Translation of Academic Writing: An Illustrative Case Study
Authors: Wiraszka Łukasz
Published: March 2020

This article employs the concept of viewpoint, also referred to as point of view or stance, to offer a short case study of semantic shifts in the translation of academic writing. Drawing on a model of the concept developed specifically for research into the subjective aspects of academic prose, the study seeks to show what viewpoint shifts can occur in translation, based on an analysis of a Cognitive Linguistics monograph translated from English into Polish. The examples, supplemented with English back-translation glosses, illustrate several types of viewpoint shifts taking place in translation, such as increasing or decreasing the author’s commitment to a claim, the removal of author emphasis from the text, and shifts from implicit to explicit author mention. Given that academic discourse has ceased to be regarded as objective description of facts, and based on the assumption that the linguistic resources connected with hedging, evaluation and (avoidance of) self-mention are consciously deployed by authors of academic texts, it is suggested that viewpoint phenomena may represent a valuable research area for the strand of translation studies concerned with academic writing.
At a glance: Identifying autism in children
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: March 2020

Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability in which affected people perceive and interact with the world in a different way to others. It is a lifelong condition and there are around 700 000 autistic people in the UK (approximately one in 100 people). It affects people from any culture equally, but it is slightly more prevalent in men than women. This article will look at the characteristics of the condition and the support needed for children and young people in order to live as independently as possible in the long term.
Is there an association between milk type and complementary feeding behaviours? A questionnaire survey
Authors: Spooner Miranda
Published: March 2020

When babies are introduced to solid food before the age of 6 months there is some evidence to suggest an association with being overweight, particularly in babies who are formula fed. However, the most recent Infant Feeding Survey, carried out in 2010, found that 30% of mothers had started the complementary feeding process by 4 months and that these parents were more likely to introduce their baby to processed baby foods. The aim of this study was to better understand the relationship between milk type in the first 6 months and complementary feeding methods. By identifying characteristics associated with low compliance, it is hoped that the results of this study will enable health visitors to target their advice, providing additional support to those who are most likely to need it, with the aim of improving compliance with current recommendations for starting solid food.
Research roundup: March 2020
Authors: Odd Dawn , Seal Joanne
Published: March 2020

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors is presented. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
The Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching and Assessing: Current Practices at Polytechnics in Bangladesh and its Effects in Developing Students' Competences
Authors: Haolader Faruque A. , Ali Md Ramjan , Foysol Khan Md
Published: March 2020

Polytechnics in Bangladesh endeavour to produce quality graduates for national and international job markets. The quality of graduates depends on several factors. This study examines the implementation process of the polytechnic curriculum with the objectives of determining the current level of practices in learn-ing/teaching material design, in delivering curriculum content, in assessing students and its effect on students' competence development. Data was collected through observation, opinion survey and competence test. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used for data interpretation and analysis in this descriptive type of research study. Findings revealed that the learning materials are mainly theory oriented and mostly cover those contents usually common in exams. About half of teachers are aware of the taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing, but they rarely put importance on it. In the classroom, teachers spend only a little time for delivering content at the level of apply/analyse. However, a significant number of tasks performed in labs are practical and occupation relevant and can be classified at higher levels of the taxonomy. In student assessment, the test-items assess mainly theoretical knowledge at the level of remember. The effect of these practices is reflected in demonstrating student performance in a competence test. The study concludes with some recommendations.
Europeanization in VET Policy as a Process of Reshaping the Educational Space
Authors: Loogma Krista
Published: March 2020

The EU represents a transforming educational space, where national and supranational boundaries in educational governance are becoming blurred. The EU has become an important actor in educational governance and an important arena for policy learning and transfer. This paper explores how the process of reshaping the educational space manifests itself in the process of the Europeanization of VET policy in the case of Estonia. In Estonia, this process was followed by the growth of executive VET institutions and has developed from rather uncritical initial policy transfer to more active learning from the EU, although conformism can still be seen in cases of the introduction of standardizing policy tools.
The Lack of Collaboration Between Companies and Schools in the German Dual Apprenticeship System: Historical Background and Recent Data
Authors: Gessler Michael
Published: March 2020

On the macro level (federal level) and exo level (state or regional level), the German Dual Apprenticeship System shows a high degree of institutionalised collaboration. However, the companies and vocational schools on the meso level (institutional level and level of the actors), in contrast, are just loosely coupled with a dominant partner (i.e., companies) and a subordinate partner (i.e., vocational schools). How and why these structures have emerged, established and stabilised is part of a complex historical, societal and economical process. The historical developmental will be elaborated in the article. The term ‘dual system’ was invented in Germany in the 1960s, and the intention was to emphasise equal responsibilities, partnership of equals, lively encounters and close collaboration between companies and schools. This vision is not yet a reality, as the presented empirical survey demonstrates. A majority of companies do not or rather seldom collaborate with ‘their’ vocational schools. 74.2% of the companies do not or seldom coordinate their work, and 93% of the companies do not or seldom cooperate with the vocational schools. The German Dual Apprentice­ship System operates on the actual meso level just on the basis of less than 30% of its potentiality. The term ‘parallel systems’ seems to be more appropriate to characterise the actual situation on the meso level than the term ‘dual system’.
The Prediction of Professional Success in Apprenticeship: The Role of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Abilities, of Interests and Personality
Authors: Diedrich Jennifer , Neubauer Aljoscha C. , Ortner Anna
Published: March 2020

Context: We addressed the issue of person-job-fit by focussing on both professional success and work satisfaction. Publications studying the predictive validity of (cognitive) ability, personality, or vocational interest alone have shown relationships with professional success or work satisfaction for each predictor separately. Nevertheless, these predictors have rarely been studied simultaneously. Methods: To this end we tested the incremental validity of abilities, traits, and interests in a sample from diverse occupations: In 648 apprentices and students from five different branches (Food, Tech, People, Office, Craft) the (incremental) contributions of 3 intelligence factors (verbal, numerical, spatial), 3 alternative abilities (social-emotional, creative, practical), 4 conscientiousness facets, other big five factors (O, E, A, N), and of 14 professional interests were analysed regarding prediction of GPA in professional schools and school/job satisfaction. Results: Intelligence and conscientiousness were best predictors, followed by social-emotional competence and interests, whereas other traits provided marginal contributions. Predictors varied between branches, mostly following expectations. The test battery allowed a very good prediction of apprenticeship success (max. 37%), but for some branches prediction was considerably lower.Conclusion: Criteria for person-job-fit are not swappable, neither are the predictors. Professional success was mostly predicted by a different predictor set -namely ability and the personality dimension of conscientiousness- then satisfaction, which was mostly predicted by non-interest in a certain occupation. As a practical implication, we conclude that choosing the right candidate for a certain branch one needs to use a broad set of predictor variables. Besides cognitive ability also personality and vocational interests had predictive validity for an individuals person-job-fit.
Higher Education in Switzerland: Predictors of Becoming Engaged in Higher Vocational or Higher Academic Education – The Role of Workplace Factors
Authors: Nägele Christof , Neuenschwander Markus P. , Rodcharoen Patsawee
Published: March 2020

Context: Vocational education and training enables young people to quickly and effectively enter the labour market. To advance their careers and to develop their professional expertise even more, they must then further their education through higher vocational or higher academic education. In this study, we looked at young people at work: What motivates them to move on towards higher education? As they are engaged in their jobs, their work situations will affect their further educational engagement. We hypothesised that individuals will more likely move towards higher education if their workplaces offer learning opportunities and social support. Human capacities, attitudes, and goals at work develop mainly in informal or non-formal learning situations and in their interactions with their teams. We tested the effect of these workplace factors by taking into account additional important predictors of educational pathways, such as sociodemographic factors (social background, nationality, gender) and motivational factors (values). Methods: Data stemmed from a multi-cohort longitudinal survey on educational decisions and educational pathways in the German part of Switzerland (BEN), running from 2012 to 2016. The selected sample consisted of 601 working individuals who were not engaged in higher education in 2014. Multinomial logistic regressions were run to test the hypothesis.Findings: First, we found that only 35% of the individuals who wanted to become engaged in higher vocational education in 2012 became engaged up to 2016 compared with those intending to become involved in higher academic education, where the rate varied by age—from younger to older—between 45% and 70%. Second, we found distinctive predictors for becoming engaged in higher vocational or academic education. Workplace factors predict engagement in higher vocational education but not sociodemographic factors, whereas sociodemographic and not workplace factors predict engagement in higher academic education. A significant predictor for both groups is the value attributed to higher education.Conclusions: The unique contribution of this paper is to show that distinct patterns of becoming engaged in higher vocational or higher academic education exist. These results confirmed the persistent effect of sociodemographic factors that shape the pathway to higher academic education. Moreover, the results indicated that an individual’s value and workplace factors contribute to enabling paths to higher vocational education, as this depends not on sociodemographic factors but on shaping the work environment that supports learning at work.
Attracting women into male-dominated trades: Views of young women in Australia
Authors: Struthers Karen , Strachan Glenda
Published: March 2020

Context: The persistent low female participation in male-dominated trades is not attracting a high level of public attention and policy action.  There are determined, yet adhoc actions by advocates in response to evidence that economic benefits will be derived for industry and women through increased female participation in the male-dominated trades. Occupational segregation of the trades remains resistant to change. 

Methods: To better understand the barriers limiting female participation in the male-dominated trades from the perspective of young women, this PhD study features interviews with female secondary students, complemented by interviews with industry stakeholders and a quantitative analysis of VET and trade participation data. The three primary research questions are: 1) What is the extent of gender segregation in vocational education and training (VET) and typically male-dominated trades in Australia, and how does this compare internationally? 2) Why do very few female students choose male-dominated trades as their job pathway? 3) What can be done, particularly in the education and training sectors, to increase female interest in, and take-up of, the male-dominated trades?

Findings:  The results of this research showed that the composition of trade-qualified females in male-dominated trades is persistently low at 2-3%. The views of young women affirmed the evidence showing system-wide barriers limit female interest in these trades. Most influential is that gender stereotypes of work are set by Year 10 and that female enrolment in Maths (a pre-requisite for male-dominated careers) is low; these trades are seen as “jobs for the boys who don’t do academic,” and the fear of intimidation and harassment deters young women.  Low enrolment of female students in male-dominated trade courses indicates that this entrenched occupational segregation of the trades will remain resistant to change for some time to come.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that ad hoc responses to overcome gender segregation of the trades is not effective. Influenced by systems theory and a social ecological model (SEM) of change, the researchers promote the need for sustained, nation-wide awareness and action involving VET and school sectors, industry, government and trade unions to attract more women into male-dominated trades.
Cross-country comparison of engagement in apprenticeships: A conceptual analysis of incentives for individuals and firms
Authors: Chankseliani Maia , Anuar Aizuddin Mohamed
Published: March 2020

Purpose: A fundamental assumption of the apprenticeship model is that there are benefits to both employers and individual learners. This paper offers a broad conceptual interrogation of an inherent assumption in the apprenticeship model, in that it provides incentives for participation to both individual learners and employers.

Approach: This study combines the analysis of literature and available data and draws upon apprenticeship models in ten nations: Australia, Brazil, Denmark, Egypt, England, Finland, Germany, India, Malaysia and South Africa.

Findings: For individuals, incentives to undertake apprenticeship may be linked to the process and outcomes of that learning, such as the appeal of learning through doing; the opportunities for occupational socialization; the possibility of progression to employment or to additional education; and learning while earning. The analysis of incentives for employers shows a range of reasons related to their short-term interests and the needs of the production processes, technologies, and associated skills; longer-term benefits for the company’s staffing strategy; and the opportunity to make a contribution to the wider education and economic systems. Despite all the potential incentives, many firms consider apprenticeships too costly, risky, and complex to justify the investment. However, when firms are making decisions under the umbrella of chambers or associations, they are more likely to coordinate their skills investment strategies around collectively beneficial outcomes.

Conclusion: The links to the labour market and specifically to employers are a key challenge for sustaining apprenticeship systems, as well as for the task of researching them. As such, policy maker (and researcher) engagement with apprenticeship should account for the capacity and commitment of employers. Another key challenge for apprenticeship is related to the relative attractiveness of this pathway within E&T and labour market system for individuals. What is clear from this study is that the development of a strong apprenticeship system requires the buy-in of both employers and individual learners, and as such the necessity to identify and effectively implement incentives cannot be underestimated. Governments can play a key role in realizing the potential incentives for both employers and learners, thereby yielding benefits of all parties engaged in apprenticeships.
O valor das Humanidades
Authors: Marnoto Rita
Published: March 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-1
Sobre nós: leituras da História, do outro e do vazio hoje
Authors: Lourenço Eduardo , Ferrer Diogo
Published: March 2020

http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4112_3-1
Acute Massive Pulmonary Embolism with Direct Visualization of a Free-floating Right Heart Thrombus Successfully Treated with Fibrinolysis: A Case Report
Authors: Kaitalidou Elisavet , Karapiperis Dimitrios , Makrakis Vasileios , Kipourou Maria , Petroglou Dimitrios
Published: March 2020

A male patient with a history of immobilization due to motor weakness, was transferred to our emergency department after syncope during physiotherapy, with recorded hypotension. Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe dilatation of the right ventricle (RV), with apex hypercontractility and almost akinetic RV free wall. The above findings, in addition to the unexpected visualization of a large, free-floating, right atrial thrombus, a rare finding associated with high mortality, readily confirmed the clinical suspicion of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) causing circulatory collapse. Intravenous fibrinolysis and vasopressor therapy were successfully administered, and hemodynamic instability was soon alleviated.
Exploring the Personal Data Protection Methods through Programs
Authors: Mahmudova Shafagat Jabrayil
Published: March 2020

The paper highlights the personal data and the stages of its protection. Some provisions of the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the personal data are reviewed. The protection of personal data through programs is explored. The studies in this area are reviewed. Data protection methods through programs are studied and analyzed. Some recommendations for the further developments in this field are provided.
DYBUK ALBO ŻYDOWSKA (NIE)OBECNOŚĆ W HUMANIU
Authors: Molisak Alina
Published: March 2020

Alina Molisak, DYBUK ALBO ŻYDOWSKA (NIE)OBECNOŚĆ W HUMANIU. „PORÓWNANIA” 1 (24), 2019. T. XXIV, S. 111-121. ISSN 1733-165X. W artykule omawiam funkcjonowanie pamięci i (nie)obecności żydowskiej w przestrzeni współczesnego Humania. Przedmiotem moich rozważań jest zarówno film Krzysztofa Kopczyńskiego pt. „Dybuk. Rzecz o wędrówcedusz”, jak i książka dwojga autorów (Kopczyński, Sajewicz) zatytułowana „Dybuk. Opowieść o nieważności świata”. Analizuję przy tym różne formuły pamięci oraz rozmaite sposoby artykulacji tożsamości tak żydowskiej (chasydzkiej), jak i ukraińskiej.
OŚWIĘCIM, TANI CHLEB I ZIEMNIAKI W RANACH. POLSKA OCZAMI CHIŃSKICH POETÓW
Authors: Krenz Joanna
Published: March 2020

Artykuł stanowi analizę obrazów Polski we współczesnej poezji chińskiej. Autorka kreśli początki poetyckiego dialogu między Chinami a Polską, przypadające na pierwsze lata XX wieku, oraz przebieg owego dialogu do końca lat osiemdziesiątych, by następnie skupić się na trzech utworach napisanych po 1989 roku: Oświęcim, wiosna i zmartwychwstanie Yi Pinga, Na granicy niemiecko-polskiej Wang Jiaxina oraz Wierszach z Polski Lei Pingyanga. Refleksja koncentruje się nie tyle na tym, jak przedstawiają Polskę poeci chińscy, ile na tym, co obrazy te mówią o nich samych i rzeczywistości kulturowej, z której się wywodzą. Esej ukazuje Polskę jako alternatywną przestrzeń, w której autorzy z Kraju Środka mogą swobodnie podjąć dyskusję z własną historią i tradycją, dokonując rozrachunku z błędami, mitami i utopiami przeszłości.
WŚRÓD PORÓWNAŃ I ANALOGII
Authors: Kącka Eliza
Published: March 2020

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HETEROTOPIEN IN DER UKRAINISCHEN GEGENWARTSPROSA (JURIJ ANDRUCHOVYČ, SERHIJ ŽADAN UND VJAČESLAV ŠNAJDER)
Authors: Bigun Borys , Martin Erik
Published: March 2020

Borys Bigun, Erik Martin, HETEROTOPIEN IN DER UKRAINISCHEN GEGENWARTSPROSA (JURIJ ANDRUCHOVYČ, SERHIJ ŽADAN UND VJAČESLAV ŠNAJDER).„PORÓWNANIA” 1 (24), 2019. T. XXIV, S. 45-53. ISSN 1733-165X.

Der Begriff der „Heterotopie“, der von Michel Foucault in seinem Aufsatz „Andere Räume“ entworfen wurde, gehört zu den am häufigsten verwendeten Konzepten der aktuellen Raumwissenschaften. Literarisch-künstlerische Heterotopien fixieren eine Destruktion des homogenen sozialen Raumes, in deren Verlauf das Utopische und das Real-Pragmatische, die bis dahin eine Einheit bildeten, unter dem Druck der ehemals repressierten oder verdrängten, nun aber ihren Eingang in die Kultur wieder findenden Ideen als zwei konträre Prinzipien auftreten. Im Beitrag wird am Beispiel einiger repräsentativer Werke von Jurij Andruchovyč, Serhij Žadan und Vjačeslav Šnajder der Semantik und den Funktionen der Heterotopien im Kontext der literarischen Kartierung des Raums der postsowjetischen Ukraine nachgegangen.
Aplicação da microalga Spirulina spp. em iogurte liofilizado
Authors: Suyama Isabela Monzani , Barison Luciana , Dos Santos Suelen Siqueira , Paraíso Carolina Moser , Stafussa Ana Paula , Madrona Grasiele Scaramal
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da produção de iogurte liofilizado enriquecido com a microalga Spirulina spp. e sua avaliação quanto às características físico-químicas, antioxidantes e aceitação sensorial. Duas formulações com concentrações distintas de Spirulina spp. (0,25% e 0,50%) foram desenvolvidas tanto para o iogurte padrão quanto para o iogurte reconstituído (liofilizado com adição 1:3 (m/v) de iogurte e água). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey à 5 % de significância. O iogurte enriquecido com a microalga obteve maior atividade antioxidante pelo método ABTS. O teor proteico do iogurte padrão aumentou de 3,65% (amostra sem Spirulina spp.) para 4,14% (amostra com 0,50% de Spirulina spp.). Quanto à aceitabilidade, o iogurte reconstituído sem adição de Spirulina spp. apresentou as maiores notas, indicando que a liofilização realçou o sabor do iogurte. As amostras com a adição de Spirulina spp. tiveram menor aceitação devido, provavelmente, à sua coloração e sabor diferencial. A adição da microalga Spirulina spp. no iogurte liofilizado aumenta a atividade antioxidante e teor proteico.