bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Permian hypercarnivore suggests dental complexity among early amniotes
Authors: Maho Tea , Maho Sigi , Scott Diane , Reisz Robert R.
Published: August 2022

The oldest known complex terrestrial vertebrate community included hypercarnivorous varanopids, a successful clade of amniotes with wide geographic and temporal distributions. Little is known about their dentition and feeding behaviour, but with the unprecedented number of specimens of the varanopid Mesenosaurus from cave deposits in Oklahoma, we show that it exhibited serrations on the tooth crowns, and exceptionally rapid rates of development and reduced longevity relative to other terrestrial amniotes. In contrast, the coeval large apex predator Dimetrodon greatly increased dental longevity by increasing thickness and massiveness, whereas herbivores greatly reduced tooth replacement rates and increased dental longevity. Insectivores and omnivores represented the primitive condition and maintained modest replacement rates and longevity. The varied patterns of dental development among these early terrestrial amniotes reveal a hidden aspect of dental complexity in the emerging diverse amniote community, very soon after their initial appearance in the fossil record.
Environmentally adaptive MOF-based device enables continuous self-optimizing atmospheric water harvesting
Authors: Almassad Husam A. , Abaza Rada I. , Siwwan Lama , Al-Maythalony Bassem , Cordova Kyle E.
Published: August 2022

Harvesting water vapor from desert, arid environments by metal-organic framework (MOF) based devices to deliver clean liquid water is critically dependent on environment and climate conditions. However, reported devices have yet been developed to adapt in real-time to such conditions during their operation, which severely limits water production efficiency and unnecessarily increases power consumption. Herein, we report and detail a mode of water harvesting operation, termed ‘adaptive water harvesting’, from which a MOF-based device is proven capable of adapting the adsorption and desorption phases of its water harvesting cycle to weather fluctuations throughout a given day, week, and month such that its water production efficiency is continuously optimized. In performance evaluation experiments in a desert, arid climate (17–32% relative humidity), the adaptive water harvesting device achieves a 169% increase in water production (3.5 LH2O kgMOF−1 d−1) when compared to the best-performing, reported active device (0.7–1.3 LH2O kgMOF−1 d−1 at 10–32% relative humidity), a lower power consumption (1.67–5.25 kWh LH2O−1), and saves time by requiring nearly 1.5 cycles less than a counterpart active device. Furthermore, the produced water meets the national drinking standards of a potential technology-adopting country.
A comprehensive modelling approach to estimate the transmissibility of coronavirus and its variants from infected subjects in indoor environments
Authors: Anand S. , Krishan Jayant , Sreekanth B. , Mayya Y. S.
Published: August 2022

A central issue in assessing the airborne risk of COVID-19 infections in indoor spaces pertains to linking the viral load in infected subjects to the lung deposition probability in exposed individuals through comprehensive aerosol dynamics modelling. In this paper, we achieve this by combining aerosol processes (evaporation, dispersion, settling, lung deposition) with a novel double Poisson model to estimate the probability that at least one carrier particle containing at least one virion will be deposited in the lungs and infect a susceptible individual. Multiple emission scenarios are considered. Unlike the hitherto used single Poisson models, the double Poisson model accounts for fluctuations in the number of carrier particles deposited in the lung in addition to the fluctuations in the virion number per carrier particle. The model demonstrates that the risk of infection for 10-min indoor exposure increases from 1 to 50% as the viral load in the droplets ejected from the infected subject increases from 2 × 108 to 2 × 1010 RNA copies/mL. Being based on well-established aerosol science and statistical principles, the present approach puts airborne risk assessment methodology on a sound formalistic footing, thereby reducing avoidable epistemic uncertainties in estimating relative transmissibilities of different coronavirus variants quantified by different viral loads.
Digital artifacts reveal development and diffusion of climate research
Authors: Carneiro Bia , Resce Giuliano , Sapkota Tek B
Published: August 2022

Research for development organizations generate tremendous amount of accessible knowledge, but given their scale, time and resource constraints, the impact of outputs is not systematically analyzed. This is because traditional bibliometric analyses present limitations to synthesize accumulated knowledge and retrofitting indicators to historical outputs. To address these shortcomings, this study proposes an integrated, web-based approach to systematically analyze the production and diffusion of knowledge from large-scale research programs, using climate research of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) as a case study. Our analytical framework employs text mining, social network analysis and hyperlink analysis to an unstructured mass of publicly available digital artifacts such as institutional repositories, citation databases, and social media to uncover narratives, dynamics, and relationships. Findings show CIMMYT’s climate research is strongly incorporated into a holistic systems approach and that the institution is actively engaged in knowledge exchanges with key actors from the scientific, development and public policy communities. The proposed analytical framework establishes an effective approach for research for development organizations to leverage existing online data sources to assess the extent of their knowledge production, dissemination, and reach.
EmBody/EmFace as a new open tool to assess emotion recognition from body and face expressions
Authors: Lott Lea L. , Spengler Franny B. , Stächele Tobias , Schiller Bastian , Heinrichs Markus
Published: August 2022

Nonverbal expressions contribute substantially to social interaction by providing information on another person’s intentions and feelings. While emotion recognition from dynamic facial expressions has been widely studied, dynamic body expressions and the interplay of emotion recognition from facial and body expressions have attracted less attention, as suitable diagnostic tools are scarce. Here, we provide validation data on a new open source paradigm enabling the assessment of emotion recognition from both 3D-animated emotional body expressions (Task 1: EmBody) and emotionally corresponding dynamic faces (Task 2: EmFace). Both tasks use visually standardized items depicting three emotional states (angry, happy, neutral), and can be used alone or together. We here demonstrate successful psychometric matching of the EmBody/EmFace items in a sample of 217 healthy subjects with excellent retest reliability and validity (correlations with the Reading-the-Mind-in-the-Eyes-Test and Autism-Spectrum Quotient, no correlations with intelligence, and given factorial validity). Taken together, the EmBody/EmFace is a novel, effective (< 5 min per task), highly standardized and reliably precise tool to sensitively assess and compare emotion recognition from body and face stimuli. The EmBody/EmFace has a wide range of potential applications in affective, cognitive and social neuroscience, and in clinical research studying face- and body-specific emotion recognition in patient populations suffering from social interaction deficits such as autism, schizophrenia, or social anxiety.
Effects of vegetation spatial pattern on erosion and sediment particle sorting in the loess convex hillslope
Authors: Su Yuanyi , Zhang Yang , Wang Huanyuan , Zhang Tingyu
Published: August 2022

To address the problem of serious soil erosion on the Loess Plateau, under the conditions of limited vegetation measures, the runoff erosion characteristics and erosion sediment sorting characteristics of vegetation at different positions on the upper slope of convex hillslopes are investigated, and the optimal vegetation spatial pattern is proposed according to the benefits of water storage and sediment reduction at different vegetation positions. The fluctuation degree of flow discharge per unit area of different vegetation spatial patterns is small, and the variation process of sediment discharge per unit area of each vegetation spatial pattern fluctuated sharply with the increase of runoff time. After planting vegetation on the slope, the total runoff yield and sediment yield were reduced. The runoff yield reduction benefit was 19.65% when the grass belt was 6 m away from the slope top; and the sediment yield reduction benefit was more than 70% when the grass belt was 2 m away from the slope top. Under the condition of hydraulic erosion on the slope covered with vegetation, the erosion particles are mainly fine particles, with high silt content and relatively small sand content. The farther the vegetation is arranged from the slope top, the more easily silt of size 0.002–0.05 mm is eroded. The higher effectiveness in terms of reductions of both runoff and sediment yields were obtained when the vegetation is planted in the proximity of the end of the length of the slope.
Application of two-component neural network for exchange-correlation functional interpolation
Authors: Ryabov Alexander , Akhatov Iskander , Zhilyaev Petr
Published: August 2022

Density functional theory (DFT) is one of the primary approaches to solving the many-body Schrodinger equation. The essential part of the DFT theory is the exchange-correlation (XC) functional, which can not be obtained in analytical form. Accordingly, the accuracy improvement of the DFT is mainly based on the development of XC functional approximations. Commonly, they are built upon analytic solutions in low- and high-density limits and result from quantum Monte Carlo or post-Hartree-Fock numerical calculations. However, there is no universal functional form to incorporate these data into XC functional. Instead, various parameterizations use heuristic rules to build a specific XC functional. The neural network (NN) approach to interpolate the data from higher precision theories can give a unified path to parametrize an XC functional. Moreover, data from many existing quantum chemical databases could provide the XC functional with improved accuracy. We develop NN XC functional, which gives exchange potential and energy density without direct derivatives of exchange-correlation energy density. Proposed NN architecture consists of two parts NN-E and NN-V, which could be trained in separate ways, adding new flexibility to XC functional. We also show that the developed NN XC functional converges in the self-consistent cycle and gives reasonable energies when applied to atoms, molecules, and crystals.
Radiomics and deep learning methods for the prediction of 2-year overall survival in LUNG1 dataset
Authors: Braghetto Anna , Marturano Francesca , Paiusco Marta , Baiesi Marco , Bettinelli Andrea
Published: August 2022

In this study, we tested and compared radiomics and deep learning-based approaches on the public LUNG1 dataset, for the prediction of 2-year overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Radiomic features were extracted from the gross tumor volume using Pyradiomics, while deep features were extracted from bi-dimensional tumor slices by convolutional autoencoder. Both radiomic and deep features were fed to 24 different pipelines formed by the combination of four feature selection/reduction methods and six classifiers. Direct classification through convolutional neural networks (CNNs) was also performed. Each approach was investigated with and without the inclusion of clinical parameters. The maximum area under the receiver operating characteristic on the test set improved from 0.59, obtained for the baseline clinical model, to 0.67 ± 0.03, 0.63 ± 0.03 and 0.67 ± 0.02 for models based on radiomic features, deep features, and their combination, and to 0.64 ± 0.04 for direct CNN classification. Despite the high number of pipelines and approaches tested, results were comparable and in line with previous works, hence confirming that it is challenging to extract further imaging-based information from the LUNG1 dataset for the prediction of 2-year OS.
Risk factors of early pulmonary hypertension and its clinical outcomes in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Yoo Jinie , Shin Seung Han , Park Hye Won , Kim Ee-Kyung , Kim Han-Suk
Published: August 2022

The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the incidence and risk factors of early pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in preterm infants and evaluate the association of early PHT with morbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), late PHT, and in-hospital mortality. We searched the PubMed (1980–2021), Embase (1968–2021), CINAHL (2002–2021), Cochrane library (1989–2021), and KoreaMed (1993–2021). Observational studies on the association between early PHT diagnosed within the first 2 weeks after birth and its clinical outcomes in preterm infants born before 37 weeks of gestation or with very low birth weight (< 1500 g) were included. Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of each study using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We performed meta-analysis using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3.3. A total of 1496 potentially relevant studies were found, of which 8 studies (7 cohort studies and 1 case–control study) met the inclusion criteria comprising 1435 preterm infants. The event rate of early PHT was 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.174–0.310). The primary outcome of our study was moderate to severe BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age, and it was associated with early PHT (6 studies; odds ratio [OR] 1.682; 95% CI 1.262–2.241; P < 0.001; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%; P = 0.492). Preterm infants with early PHT had higher OR of in-hospital mortality (6 studies; OR 2.372; 95% CI 1.595–3.528; P < 0.001; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%; P = 0.811) and developing late PHT diagnosed after 4 weeks of life (4 studies; OR 2.877; 95% CI 1.732–4.777; P < 0.001; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%; P = 0.648). Infants with oligohydramnios (4 studies; OR 2.134; 95% CI 1.379–3.303; P = 0.001) and those who were small-for-gestational-age (5 studies; OR 1.831; 95% CI 1.160–2.890; P = 0.009) had an elevated risk of developing early PHT. This study showed that early PHT is significantly associated with mortality and morbidities, such as BPD and late PHT. Preterm infants with a history of oligohydramnios and born small-for-gestational-age are at higher risk for developing early PHT; however, high-quality studies that control for confounders are necessary.
Seismic evidence of pop-up tectonics beneath the Shillong Plateau area of Northeast India
Authors: Singh A. P. , Mishra O. P. , Singh O. P.
Published: August 2022

Our detailed 3-D seismic tomographic assimilation using high-quality phase arrival time data recorded by the local seismographic network demonstrated that heterogeneities in the crustal faults have contributed significantly to the pop-up tectonics beneath the Shillong Plateau, characterized by high-V and low-σ. The major seismogenic faults, namely, the north-dipping Dapsi thrust in association with Dauki fault in the south and south dipping Brahmaputra fault in the north, located either side of the Shillong Plateau that acted as the causative factors for the pop-up, which attributed to the lithostatic (high-V, low-σ) and sedimentary (low-V, high-σ) load, respectively. Seismicity is found confined to a depth ≤ 60 km. Uneven distribution of structural heterogeneities in the upper crust is responsible for earthquake genesis of varying strengths. It is intriguing to note that high-velocity anomalies and low-ϭ in the uppermost crust, interpreted as the Shillong Plateau that acted as a geometric asperity and the juxtaposition of high-V and low-V became the source zone of the 1897 Shillong earthquake (Ms8.7) as a novel observation for the region. Structural heterogeneities are distinctly distributed between low-V, high-σ and high-V, low-σ in the lower crust plays a major role for future intense seismogenesis due to differential strain accumulation.
Impact of behavioral and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease on caregiver outcomes
Authors: Pinyopornpanish Kanokporn , Soontornpun Atiwat , Wongpakaran Tinakon , Wongpakaran Nahathai , Tanprawate Surat , Pinyopornpanish Kanokwan , Nadsasarn Angkana , Pinyopornpanish Manee
Published: August 2022

This study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and its association with dementia severity and to explore the association between specific BPSD and caregiver stress, burden, and depression. A cross-sectional study involving the interviewing of the primary caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was conducted. Multivariable analysis was used to analyze the associations between specific symptoms of BPSD and caregiver outcomes. A total of 102 AD patients (age 79.4 ± 7.9 years, 70.6% female) and their caregivers were included. Nearly 46% had moderate-to-severe AD. Nearly all patients (99.0%) had at least one BPSD. Apathy was among the most common symptoms (74.5%), and hallucination was the only symptom associated with severity of AD (p = 0.017). After adjustment, agitation was associated with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22) (p = 0.021 and 0.007, respectively); sleep disorders were associated with only PHQ-9 (p = 0.049). In conclusion, the BPSD, especially agitation and sleep disorders, can give rise to difficulties for both patients and their caregivers. The prevalence of BPSD is high (99.0%), and the symptoms can start early. Routine screening of BPSD in all AD patients is advocated.
Integrin β1, PDGFRβ, and type II collagen are essential for meniscus regeneration by synovial mesenchymal stem cells in rats
Authors: Kitahashi Tsukasa , Kogawa Ryo , Nakamura Kentaro , Sekiya Ichiro
Published: August 2022

Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injected into the knee promote meniscus regeneration in several animal models; however, the mode of action is unknown. Our purpose was to identify the molecules responsible for this meniscus regeneration. Rat synovial MSCs were treated with neutralizing antibodies for integrin β1, PDGFRβ, or CD44 or with the CRISPR/Cas9 system to delete Vcam1, Tnfr1, or Col2a1 genes. After partial meniscectomy, rat knees were injected with MSCs, and the regenerated meniscus area was quantified three weeks later. The in vivo and in vitro functions were compared between the treated and control MSCs. Anti-integrin β1 neutralizing antibody inhibited in vitro MSC adhesion to collagen-coated chambers, anti-PDGFRβ neutralizing antibody inhibited proliferation in culture dishes, and Col2a1 deletion inhibited in vitro chondrogenesis. In vivo, the regenerated meniscus area was significantly smaller after injection of MSCs treated with integrin β1 and PDGFRβ neutralizing antibodies or lacking type II collagen gene than after control MSC injection. By contrast, the regenerated areas were similar after injection of control, CD44-, Vcam1-, or Tnfr1 treated MSCs (n = 12–16) MSCs. Synovial MSCs injected into the knee joint promoted meniscus regeneration by adhesion to integrin β1 in the meniscectomized region, proliferation by PDGFRβ, and cartilage matrix production from type II collagen.
Initial experience of a deep learning application for the differentiation of Kikuchi-Fujimoto’s disease from tuberculous lymphadenitis on neck CECT
Authors: Kim Byung Hun , Lee Changhwan , Lee Ji Young , Tae Kyung
Published: August 2022

Neck contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) is a routine tool used to evaluate patients with cervical lymphadenopathy. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify Kikuchi-Fujimoto’s disease (KD) and cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL) on neck CECT in patients with benign cervical lymphadenopathy. A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with biopsy-confirmed KD and CTL in a single center, from January 2012 to June 2020 was performed. This study included 198 patients of whom 125 patients (mean age, 25.1 years ± 8.7, 31 men) had KD and 73 patients (mean age, 41.0 years ± 16.8, 34 men) had CTL. A neuroradiologist manually labelled the enlarged lymph nodes on the CECT images. Using these labels as the reference standard, a CNNs was developed to classify the findings as KD or CTL. The CT images were divided into training (70%), validation (10%), and test (20%) subsets. As a supervised augmentation method, the Cut&Remain method was applied to improve performance. The best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for classifying KD from CTL for the test set was 0.91. This study shows that the differentiation of KD from CTL on neck CECT using a CNNs is feasible with high diagnostic performance.
Voltammetric determination of sulfur in biodiesel microemulsion using a silver solid amalgam electrode
Authors: Modenes Junior Marco Antonio , Azevedo Beluomini Maísa , Ramos Stradiotto Nelson
Published: August 2022

This work reports a novel electrochemical method based on silver solid amalgam electrode to determine sulfur in biodiesel employing adsorptive stripping voltammetry.
Using H2O2 as a green oxidant to produce fluorescent GaOOH nanomaterials from a liquid metal
Authors: Sarageng Kanyarat , Wongprom Wanpawee , Noorith Weesuda , Lertsathitphong Panjaphong , Crawford Jessica , Nasongkla Norased , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Lertanantawong Benchaporn
Published: August 2022

We report a simple and rapid method for the synthesis of fluorescent gallium oxyhydroxide (GaOOH) nanoparticles from liquid Ga by a probe sonication method in the presence of H2O2 as an oxidant for potential biomedical applications.
Cyrene™ blends: a greener solvent system for organic syntheses
Authors: Sullivan Caren , Zhang Yuanzhe , Xu Guolin , Christianson Lyra , Luengo Fernando , Halkoski Todd , Gao Peng
Published: August 2022

A Cyrene™ blend system was developed using “viscosity blending” to lower the viscosity of Cyrene™. The solvent blends were successfully used in many applications in chemical syntheses.
Network crack-based high performance stretchable strain sensors for human activity and healthcare monitoring
Authors: Madhavan R.
Published: August 2022

In this study, high performance wearable and stretchable strain sensors are developed for human activity and healthcare monitoring, and wearable electronics.
Strong, flexible, and highly conductive cellulose nanofibril/PEDOT:PSS/MXene nanocomposite films for efficient electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Liu Kun , Du Haishun , Liu Wei , Zhang Meng , Wang Yaxuan , Liu Huayu , Zhang Xinyu , Xu Ting , Si Chuanling
Published: August 2022

Flexible and light weight electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with high electromagnetic shielding efficiency (SE) and excellent mechanical strength are highly demanded for wearable and portable electronics.
Machine learning guided microwave-assisted quantum dot synthesis and an indication of residual H2O2 in human teeth
Authors: Xu Quan , Tang Yaoyao , Zhu Peide , Zhang Weiye , Zhang Yuqi , Solis Oliver Sanchez , Hu Travis Shihao , Wang Juncheng
Published: August 2022

Machine learning approach was employed to guide the fabrication of blue carbon dots(CDs) with excellent result. The quantum yield of the CDs can increase up to 200% and can be used as fluorescent probes for bleaching teeth H2O2 detection.
α-LiMB9O15 (M = Sr, Pb): flexible [B3O7] units leading to the low temperature phase of β-LiMB9O15 (M = Sr, Pb)
Authors: Liu Kaitong , Han Jian , Li Fuming , Han Shujuan , Yang Zhihua , Wang Xuping , Pan Shilie
Published: August 2022

Under the regulation of a metal cation with a large radius, borates formed from [B3O7] groups have high structural flexibility, and the low-temperature phases of α-LiSrB9O15 and α-LiPbB9O15 were obtained.
4,7-Diarylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazoles as fluorophores and visible light organophotocatalysts
Authors: Taylor Dominic , Malcomson Thomas , Zhakeyev Adilet , Cheng Shengxian , Rosair Georgina M. , Marques-Hueso Jose , Xu Zhengtao , Paterson Martin J. , Dalgarno Scott J. , Vilela Filipe
Published: August 2022

A library of 26 electron donor-acceptor organophotocatalysts based on the benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTZ) group has been developed. These visible light organophotocatalysts were then used in a Minisci-type alkylation of heteroarenes under both batch and continuous flow conditions.
Correction: Chrysomycins A–C, antileukemic naphthocoumarins from Streptomyces sporoverrucosus
Authors: Jain Shreyans K. , Pathania Anup S. , Parshad Rajinder , Raina Chandji , Ali Asif , Gupta Ajai P. , Kushwaha Manoj , Aravinda Subrayashastry , Bhushan Shashi , Bharate Sandip B. , Vishwakarma Ram A.
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Chrysomycins A–C, antileukemic naphthocoumarins from Streptomyces sporoverrucosus’ by Shreyans K. Jain et al., RSC Adv., 2013, 3, 21046–21053, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra42884b.
Stabilization of the ferrielectric phase in NaNbO3-based lead-free ceramics for a wide-temperature large electrocaloric effect
Authors: Wu Jie , Liu Hui , Qi He , Gao Botao , Chen Liang , Li Wenchao , Deng Shiqing , Chen Jun
Published: August 2022

The newly discovered high-temperature ferrielectric phase in NaNbO3is stabilized at room temperature by compositional modification, providing the basis for obtaining a giant electrocaloric effect in a wide temperature range.
A self-adaptive semiconductor–liquid junction for highly active and stable solar water splitting
Authors: Sun Huanhuan , Hua Wei , Liang Shiyu , Li Yueying , Wang Jian-Gan
Published: August 2022

A self-adaptive semiconductor–liquid junction with reduced interface recombination and fast water oxidation kinetics is constructed via a novel and efficient reconstruction strategy for highly active and stable solar water splitting.
Adopting Change and Incorporating Technological Advancements in Audiology Education, Research, and Clinical Practice
Authors: Morgan Shae D. , Zeng Fan-Gang , Clark Jackie
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

With the rapid development of new technologies and resources, many avenues exist to adapt and grow as a profession. Embracing change can lead to growth, evolution, and new opportunities. Audiologists have the potential to harness many of these technological advancements to improve patient health care. Adoption and incorporation of these new technologies will likely benefit educational experiences, research methods, clinical practice, and clinical outcomes.

Method:

This commentary highlights some historical perspectives and accepted practices while illustrating opportunities to embrace new ideas and technologies. We also provide examples of how such adoption may yield positive outcomes. Specifically, we address embracing technology in audiology education, how artificial intelligence may influence patient performance in realistic listening scenarios, the convergence between hearing aids and consumer electronics, and the emergence of audiology telehealth services and their inclusion in clinical practice. Models of change are also discussed and related to audiology.

Conclusion:

This commentary aims to be a call to action for the entire profession of audiology to consider conscientiously the adoption of useful, evidence-based technological advancements in education, research, and clinical practice.
A Study on Reliability and Validity of the Simplified Chinese Version of the Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Jiahe , Zhang Qingfeng , Wang Chenxi , Zhang Xiang , Hu Rongqing , Jin Yukun , Ding Huijun , Chen Zhen
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

This study aims to translate the English version of the Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ) to simplified Chinese (TWVQ-SC) and to examine its reliability and validity.

Method:

Standardized translation procedures were strictly followed for the translation of the TWVQ. Two hundred sixty trans woman and 128 cis woman subjects completed sociodemographic investigation, the TWVQ-SC, and the Voice Handicap Index–10 (VHI-10) online. Internal consistency was examined by Cronbach reliability coefficient (Cronbach α). Test–retest reliability was quantified by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Content validity, structural validity, and discriminant validity were examined by expert panel's judgment, factor analysis, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and the Mann–WhitneyUtest.

Results:

The Cronbach α of the TWVQ-SC was .969 and the ICC was .841, indicating excellent internal consistency and good test–retest reliability. The four principal factors explained 21.345%, 18.592%, 13.551%, and 12.027% of the variance respectively with the cumulative contribution rate 65.514%. There was a strong correlation between the total score of the TWVQ-SC and that of the VHI-10 (r= .858,p< .001), indicating good structural validity. The total score of the TWVQ-SC of the trans woman subjects was significantly higher than that of the cis woman subjects (z= 14.590,p< .05), indicating good discriminant validity.

Conclusion:

The TWVQ-SC exhibits overall high reliability and validity, qualified to be applied as a reliable clinical tool to evaluate trans women's voice in mainland China.
Behavioral Parent Training for Families With Young Deaf or Hard of Hearing Children Followed in Hearing Health Care
Authors: Studts Christina R. , Jacobs Julie A. , Bush Matthew L. , Lowman Joneen , Westgate Philip M. , Creel Liza M.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

It is well established that individuals with a communication disability, including being deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), experience inequities in health services and outcomes. These inequities extend to DHH children's access to psychosocial evidence-based interventions (EBIs). Behavioral parent training is an EBI that can be used to improve caregiver and child outcomes. Despite being supported by decades of effectiveness research, this EBI is rarely accessed by, or studied with, caregivers of DHH children. The purpose of this article is to describe a program of stakeholder-engaged research adapting and assessing behavioral parent training with caregivers of young DHH children followed in hearing health care, aimed at reducing inequities in access to this EBI.

Method:

The first section briefly summarizes the literature on disruptive behavior problems in young children, with a focus on preschool-age DHH children. The evidence base for behavioral parent training is described. Next, the gaps in knowledge and practice regarding disruptive behaviors among DHH children are highlighted, and the potential integration of behavioral parent training into the standard of care for this population is proposed.

Conclusions:

Young DHH children who use hearing aids and/or cochlear implants experience disruptive behavior problems at rates at least as high as typically hearing children, but their access to EBIs is limited, and behavioral parent training programs tailored to this population have not been rigorously tested. Caregivers and hearing health care service providers affirm the potential benefits of behavioral parent training and were partners in adapting this EBI. This research highlights several principles and approaches essential for reducing inequities and improving the quality of life not only for DHH children and their families but also for individuals with communication disabilities more broadly: engagement of key stakeholders in research, collaboration across disciplines, and using implementation science methods and models to design for implementation, dissemination, and sustainment.

Presentation Video:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21215900
A curcumin direct protein biosensor for cell‐free prototyping
Authors: Kennedy Agata , Griffin Guy , Freemont Paul S. , Polizzi Karen M. , Moore Simon J.
Published: August 2022

In synthetic biology, biosensors are routinely coupled with a gene expression system for detecting small molecules and physical signals. We reveal a fluorescent complex, based on the interaction of an Escherichia coli double bond reductase (EcCurA), as a detection unit with its substrate curcumin—we call this a direct protein (DiPro) biosensor. Using a cell‐free synthetic biology approach, we use the EcCurA DiPro biosensor to fine tune 10 reaction parameters (cofactor, substrate, and enzyme levels) for cell‐free curcumin biosynthesis, assisted through acoustic liquid handling robotics. Overall, we increase EcCurA‐curcumin DiPro fluorescence within cell‐free reactions by 78‐fold. This finding adds to the growing family of protein–ligand complexes that are naturally fluorescent and potentially exploitable for a range of applications, including medical imaging to engineering high‐value chemicals.
Stacking ensemble learning with heterogeneous models and selected feature subset for prediction of service trust in internet of medical things
Authors: Ren Junyu , Wan Haibin , Zhu Chaoyang , Qin Tuanfa
Published: August 2022

Recently, with the fast development of IoT, Internet of medical things (IoMT) has drawn wide attention from both industry and academia. However, pressing challenges exist in practical implementation of IoMT, such as service provision with stringent latency. To address the challenges, fog computing is generally employed in IoMT systems. However, it raises additional concerns of trust and security. To tackle the issue, the authors introduce the security measure of trust into this work, and a superior heterogeneous stacking ensemble learning measure for trustworthiness prediction (SEM‐TP) of fog services is proposed. Besides, to reduce unnecessary time cost incurred by unimportant features, an efficient voting‐based feature selection (FS) strategy called voting‐based feature selection method is proposed to select significant features, which is based on diverse FS measures. Extensive experiments are conducted and the results show that the proposed framework outperforms commonly used single classifiers and competing stacking models in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1‐score, Kappa coefficient, and Hamming distance under different conditions, validating the effectiveness, robustness, and superiority of the proposed trustworthiness prediction and FS methods.
XMM-Newton and SRG/eROSITA observations of the isolated neutron star candidate 4XMM J022141.5−735632
Authors: Pires A. M. , Motch C. , Kurpas J. , Schwope A. D. , Valdes F. , Haberl F. , Traulsen I. , Tubín D. , Becker W. , Comparat J. , Maitra C. , Meisner A. , Moustakas J. , Salvato M.
Published: August 2022

We report the results of follow-up investigations of a possible new thermally emitting isolated neutron star (INS), 4XMM J022141.5−735632, using observations from XMM-Newton and Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) eROSITA. The analysis is complemented by Legacy Survey imaging in the optical and near-infrared wavelengths. The X-ray source, the first to be targeted by XMM-Newton in an effort to identify new INS candidates from the fourth generation of the XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue Data Release 9 (4XMM-DR9), shows a remarkably soft energy distribution and a lack of catalogued counterparts; the very high X-ray-to-optical flux ratio virtually excludes any other identification than an INS. Within current observational limits, no significant flux variation or change of spectral state is registered over nearly ten years. Future dedicated observations, particularly to search for pulsations, are crucial to shed further light on the nature of the X-ray source and relations to other Galactic neutron stars.
London Dispersion Stabilizes Chloro-Substituted cis-Double Bonds
Authors: Schreiner Peter R. , Rummel Lars , Hanke Kai , Becker Jonathan
Published: August 2022

We present a combined experimental and computational study on the thermodynamic stability of cis- and trans-alkenes substituted with dispersion energy donor (DED) groups. To investigate the role of noncovalent interactions on equilibrium of cis- and trans-alkenes we utilized hydrochlorination reactions. While the general assumption is that increasing steric bulk favors the trans-alkene, we observe an equilibrium shift towards the more crowded cis-alkene with increasing substituent size. With the aim to quantify noncovalent interactions, we performed a double mutant cycle to experimentally gauge the attractive potential of bulky substituents. Additionally, we utilized local energy decomposition analysis at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-TZVP level of theory. We found LD interactions and Pauli exchange repulsion to be the most dominant components to influence cis- and trans-alkene equilibria.
Agile offset frequency locking for single-frequency fiber lasers
Authors: Wang Enlong , Wang Guochao , Yu Xiao , Ying Kang , Yang Mingyue , Zhang Xu , Li Xuan , Yan Shuhua , Yang Jun , Zhu Lingxiao
Published: August 2022

Single frequency fiber lasers (SFFLs) have seen increasing applications in state-of-the-art quantum technologies, which usually require precise and stable offset frequency locking (OFL). However, limited by the piezoelectric transducer bandwidth in SFFLs and the loop bandwidth of the OFL, the large-gap jumping between two locked offset frequencies will take an undesirable amount of time. In order to diminish that consuming time, we developed an agile offset frequency locking system based on a hybrid loop of a feed-forward path and a feedback path. In accordance with the experimental demonstration, we characterized the performances of the offset frequency locking system, as frequency-locking stability with an Allan deviation of 3.2 × 10−14 at 1 s averaging time and jumping agility with a duration of 0.6 ms at 1.3 GHz frequency gap, which is a factor of 60 faster than that without the feed-forward path. This mechanism can find direct applications in existing quantum metrology experiments with SFFLs where high-speed frequency jumping or sweeping is needed.
Thomson scattering on the large plasma device
Authors: Ghazaryan S. , Kaloyan M. , Gekelman W. , Lucky Z. , Vincena S. , Tripathi S. K. P. , Pribyl P. , Niemann C.
Published: August 2022

We have developed a non-collective Thomson scattering diagnostic for measurements of electron density and temperature on the Large Plasma Device. A triple grating spectrometer with a tunable notch filter is used to discriminate the faint scattering signal from the stray light. In this paper, we describe the diagnostic and its calibration via Raman scattering and present the first measurements performed with the fully commissioned system. Depending on the discharge conditions, the measured densities and temperatures range from 4.0 × 1012 to 2.8 × 1013 cm−3 and from 1.2 to 6.8 eV, respectively. The variation of the measurement error with plasma parameters and discharges averaged is also discussed.
Grid adaptive reduced-order model of fluid flow based on graph convolutional neural network
Authors: Peng Jiang-Zhou , Wang Yi-Zhe , Chen Siheng , Chen Zhi-Hua , Wu Wei-Tao , Aubry Nadine
Published: August 2022

In the interdisciplinary field of data-driven models and computational fluid mechanics, the reduced-order model for flow field prediction is mainly constructed by a convolutional neural network (CNN) in recent years. However, the standard CNN is only applicable to data with Euclidean spatial structure, while data with non-Euclidean properties can only be convolved after pixelization, which usually leads to decreased data accuracy. In this work, a novel data-driven framework based on graph convolution network (GCN) is proposed to allow the convolution operator to predict fluid dynamics on non-uniform structured or unstructured mesh data. This is achieved by the fact that the graph data inherit the spatial characteristics of the mesh and by the message passing mechanism of GCN. The conversion method from the form of mesh data to graph data and the operation mechanism of GCN are clarified. Moreover, additional relevance features and weight loss function of the dataset are also investigated to improve the model performance. The model learns an end-to-end mapping between the mesh spatial features and the physical flow field. Through our studies of various cases of internal flow, it is shown that the proposed GCN-based model offers excellent adaptability to non-uniformly distributed mesh data, while also achieving a high accuracy and three-order speedup compared with numerical simulation. Our framework generalizes the graph convolution network to flow field prediction and opens the door to further extending GCN to most existing data-driven architectures of fluid dynamics in the future.
A hybrid reduced-order model combing deep learning for unsteady flow
Authors: Jia Xuyi , Li Chunna , Ji Wen , Gong Chunlin
Published: August 2022

Reduced-order models such as dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) have been extensively utilized to model unsteady flow. Although the major flow patterns can be captured by DMD and POD, due to the linear assumption, the modeling accuracy is low for complex and strongly nonlinear flow structures such as shock wave and vortex. To improve the accuracy and robustness of predicting unsteady flow, this work proposes a novel modeling method based on a hybrid reduced-order model. Since the flow can be regarded as a fusion of the main flow and the residual flow from a modeling perspective, the hybrid reduced-order model is constructed by DMD and POD, which are, respectively, used to obtain different flow properties. First, DMD is applied in describing the main flow, which contains the dominant modes determining most properties of the flow. Then, POD combining the long short-term memory is conceived to model the residual flow that the DMD cannot capture, to further enhance the modeling accuracy. The proposed method is validated by modeling two unsteady flows, which are the flow past a two-dimensional circular cylinder at Reynolds number 100 and the forced oscillation of an airfoil at transonic speed. The results indicate that the proposed method with proper modeling efficiency gains better accuracy and robustness than the existing methods. In particular, this approach has better forecasting accuracy of shock wave and vortex.
Model two-particle kinetic equation for pairs of quasiparticles
Authors: Saveliev V. L.
Published: August 2022

Because the main process of interaction in the Boltzmann model of real gases is the binary collision of molecules, it is convenient to use the two-particle kinetic equation to describe the dynamics of a rarefied gas. This equation was written using the same physical assumptions as those used by Ludwig Boltzmann. The right-hand side of this equation contains the product of the linear scattering operator and chaos projector. The Boltzmann equation follows from this equation without any additional approximations after simple integration of the velocities and positions of the second particle. Using the divergence form of the scattering operator, this equation can be represented as the Liouville equation, which implies that real molecules can be replaced by quasiparticles whose distribution function is the same as that of real molecules but whose dynamics are completely different. Pairs of quasiparticles do not collide but move along continuous trajectories in the phase space. The relative velocities in pairs of quasiparticles slowly rotate with an angular velocity vector depending on the distribution function. We provide an explicit approximate expression for the angular velocity through the first few velocity moments, using a special covariant Grad expansion for the velocity distribution function, which reduces to the exact Bobylev–Kruk–Wu solution in the isotropic case. We simulated the relaxation of distribution function to equilibrium and compared results with the existing exact solutions. The described algorithm will be effective for modeling flow regions with low Knudsen numbers, where the standard Direct Monte Carlo Simulation (DSMC) method encounters significant difficulties.
A climatology of short-period temperature variations at Australian observation sites
Authors: Trewin Blair
Published: August 2022

The expansion over the last decade of observations in Australia with 1-min temporal resolution allows an assessment of temperature variations over very short periods, using data from 75 stations between 2012 and 2020. The mean difference between the highest and lowest temperatures within 1 min is greatest in the middle of the day, and greater in summer than winter at most locations, except in the northern tropics where it peaks towards the end of the dry season in spring. At noon in summer, the mean 1-min difference exceeds 0.4°C at numerous locations in semi-arid and arid regions, but is near 0.2°C at a range of southern and coastal locations. At night, it is between 0.05 and 0.10°C, with little seasonal variation, at most locations, although slightly higher in some areas subject to local topographically forced influences such as katabatic winds. There is evidence at some locations of daytime 1-min variations being larger (smaller) when antecedent conditions are abnormally dry (wet), indicating a possible role for the land surface in amplifying or dampening short-period temperature variations. In addition to any inherent interest, these results have applications in data quality control, and in assessing the confidence level that can be applied to estimated maximum and minimum temperatures on days with some missing observations.
A photonic crystal fiber broadband mode converter with highly fitting propagation constant
Authors: Ding Yuxin , Li Jianshe , Li Shuguang , Wang Xiaokai , Guo Ying , Meng Xiaojian , Zhao Yuanyuan , Du Huijing
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we propose a broadband mode converter based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) starting from the method of propagation constant height fitting. Using the finite element method and the beam propagation method, three typical mode converters in the S + C + L range, LP01 to LP11, LP01 to LP21, and LP01 to LP31, are calculated. Numerical results show that the mode coupling efficiency of this mode converter is over 90% and the mode extinction ratio is over 10 dB. This converter can realize pattern multiplexing in a cascade manner. On this basis, we propose a multi-core mode multiplexer structure. On the premise of sacrificing some performance, three modes can be reused at the same time. Mode converters of PCF structure can be fabricated by PCF post-processing technology. It is expected to become an important part of the future mode division multiplexing (MDM) optical communication system.
Screening and collective effects in randomly pinned fluids: a new theoretical framework
Authors: Phan Anh D
Published: August 2022

We propose a theoretical framework for the dynamics of bulk isotropic hard-sphere systems in the presence of randomly pinned particles and apply this theory to supercooled water to validate it. Structural relaxation is mainly governed by local and non-local activated process. As the pinned fraction grows, a local caging constraint becomes stronger and the long range collective aspect of relaxation is screened by immobile obstacles. Different responses of the local and cooperative motions results in subtle predictions for how the alpha relaxation time varies with pinning and density. Our theoretical analysis for the relaxation time of water with pinned molecules quantitatively well describe previous simulations. In addition, the thermal dependence of relaxation for unpinned bulk water is also consistent with prior computational and experimental data.