bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of N/TiO2 Prepared by a Mechanochemica1 Method Using Various Nitrogenous Compounds
Authors: Tang Yu Chao , Huang Xian Huai , Wu Chang Nian , Tang Li Hua , Xue Li Ping , Pan Fa Kang
Published: August 2011

Nitrogen doped TiO2 (N/TiO2) photocatalysts were prepared using a mechanochemica1 method with raw amorphous TiO2 as precursors and various nitrogenous compounds doses (NH4F, NH4HCO3, NH3·H2O, NH4COOCH3, and CH4N2O). The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectra (UV-Vis-DRS). Their photocatalytical activities were evaluated with the degradation of p-nitrophenol and methyl orange under UV or sunlight irradiation. The catalysts had a strong visible light absorption which corresponding to doped nitrogen and consequent oxygen deficient. Concentration of the nitrogen substances also affected the visible light adsorption of the TiO2. The XPS results indicated the doped nitrogen in the TiO2 may exist in the formation of O2Ti−N−H and/or O2Ti−N, nitrogen was in form of interstitial atom. The results of photocatalytic activity showed the visible light adsorption mechanisms, as the doped nitrogen species gave rise to a mid-gap level slightly above the top of the (O-2p) valence band, but not from the mixed band gap of the N-2p and O-2p electronic levels.
Dodecanamide Concrete Foaming Agent: Preparation and Application
Authors: Liu Cai Lin , Zhang Yu Rong , Yang Hai Jun , Ren Xian Yan , Yang Jun Xiao
Published: August 2011

A lauramide concrete foaming agent was prepared by a simple synthetic route using readily available N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, dodecanoic acid, and chloroacetic acid. The reaction conditions were optimized by changing reaction temperature, reaction time, and/or molar ratios of reactants. Significantly, the concrete foaming agent has very low surface tension and good foaming properties, which could be directly used without purification and has widely applicable potentials in low-density foam concrete.
Characterization of the Icosahedral Quasicrystal in the Rapidly Solidified Mg-Al-Zn Ternary Alloy
Authors: Zhu Man , Jian Zeng Yun , Liu Cui Xia , Yang Gen Cang , Zhou Yao He
Published: August 2011

By means of XRD, SEM, FE-SEM, and TEM, the microstructures and growth morphology features of icosahedral quasicrystal for rapidly solidified Mg-Al-Zn system were investigated. It was found that, single icosahedral quasicrystal can be obtained in the Mg-Al-Zn alloys. The icosahedral quasicrystal reveals three typical morphologies: well developed dendrites, coral-like, and petal-like, and its compositions are in a wide range composition with 42.87-48.89 at.%Mg, 13.78-17.03 at.%Al, and 34.22-40.60 at.%Zn. Pentagonal dodecahedron with icosahedral symmetries is seen, and certain steps in pentagonal faces suggest that the planar growth occurs on the pentagonal faces.
Experimental Investigation on Rectangular Inclined Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Stub Columns
Authors: Ren Qing Xin , Mo Ya Qing , Jia Lian Guang , Liu Hong
Published: August 2011

In recent 10 years, inclined concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are applied for some real engineering projects in China. And so a total of 10 specimens were experimented to study the behaviors of the rectangular inclined CFST stub columns. The main parameters were the inclined angle (0 degree and 9 degree), the inclined orientation (major axis and minor axis) and with or without infilling concrete. Comparisons with predicted sectional strengths were made using the existing codes. The results clearly show that all the codes were conservative and available for predicting the capacities of the specimens.
A New Type of Colorless Superplasticizer
Authors: Ma Xiao Qiu
Published: August 2011

This paper studies industrial acetone, p-amino benzene sulfonate as raw materials, developed a colorless superplasticizer and the test on its liquidity, solid content, setting time, and the performance of concrete. Finally got this colorless superplasticizer for decorative concrete.
Impregnation and Drying Schedule of Eucalyptus Wood
Authors: Wu Guo Feng , Lang Qian , Song Shu Ping , Pu Jun Wen
Published: August 2011

The aim of this research was to define a rapid and simple test that would indicate the probable performance of a pretreated wood species in a hot-press drying process and the kiln schedule. The drying rate (mass/time) and the remaining mass of water were measured at different moisture intervals. The moisture of timber decreased rapidly and the drying rate was 3.7% per day in the early five days. The timbers were B grade after drying used the hot-press drying kiln in 16 days. The moisture content of timber reached 9.20% after the drying process with the standard deviation of 0.92%. The gradient of the moisture content was 3.40%. The moisture content standard deviation in the thickness of timber was 2.70% and the residual stress was 1.38%. The mechanical properties of impregnation wood improve significantly compared to the untreated wood. The basic density of impregnation wood improved by 17.1%, the over-dried density increased to 0.55 g·cm-3from 0.49 g·cm-3. The scanning electron microscopy explained the wood modifier has been permeated into the wood fiber which reacted with the wood composition.
Research on Heavy Metal Pollution and Hazards of Tailings
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Dong Wei , Chen Guo Li
Published: August 2011

Everyone knows heavy metals are inorganic pollutants with strong toxicity and typical pollutant needing preferentially control. In the metal mines of China, the tails that were piled up on the ground already have reached more than 4 billion tons, and this number increased 2 ×108 tons every year. The characteristics of metal mine tails mainly include: (1) the grain size is extremely fine; (2) The quantity in weight was very large; (3) the toxicity is very strong; (4) Transporting concentration is very low. The migration of heavy metals would impact the local environment, the safety of the downriver resident and the plowland, the food safety of livestock as well as the solid’s safety. Based on the characteristics of mine tailings impacting to environment, this paper estimates the pollution property, as well as studies the harm for the outside environment through the experiment of the gross analysis and the infusion toxicity analysis. This research takes Longdu tailings of Dahong Mountain for example to know the harm of heavy metal ion.
Numerical Analysis on Loading Capacity of Continuous Composite Slab with Steel Deck
Authors: Wang Yuan Qing , Sung Jong Su , Shi Yong Jiu
Published: August 2011

Composite slab with steel sheeting deck is considered a continuous slab when it is under a constructional situation. Nevertheless, many recent researches are focused on simply supported slab. In order to determine the load carrying capacity regarding various rebar ratio on negative moment region, a numerical analysis was carried out by using finite element analysis. The result of analysis shows that the reinforced steel rebar increases load carrying capacity. Moreover, it has shown that the reinforced length of steel rebar also affect the load carrying capacity.
The Study about Ductility of Steel Bar Used in Reinforced Concrete Flexural Rectangle Section Member
Authors: Zhang Wei Hong
Published: August 2011

The ductility of member is important as the intensity. For the ductility of member, the ductility of steel bar used in the member should be limited. In this paper, the safe extent of elongation of steel bar used in reinforced concrete flexural rectangle section member is calculated with the analysis of theory. This paper provides a thought and a simple method to prevent the brittleness destruction of member.
Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Recycled Concrete Grill Walls with Axial Compression Ratio
Authors: Zhou Jing Hai , Zhang Chao Bi , Meng Xian Hong
Published: August 2011

Through the seismic behavior of 4 pieces of concrete grill wall by pseudo- static test, the test sample destruction shape, the skeleton curves under to the different wall material and the different axial compression ratio, consuming energy ability, the ductility coefficient were conducted the contrast research. The experiment indicates the test sample under the level reciprocation load and the axial action of force, destruction shape main perform for cutting destruction; After wall dehiscence, the rigidity rate of descent is quick, after achieving the ultimate load, the rigidity drop flatten out, the wall has the good ductility. By enhancing the axial compression ratio, it may enhance the wall the ductility, to consume energy the coefficient; the walls contained recycled concrete aggregate has good energy dissipation and seismic performance;
Microstructures and Creep Behaviour of Mg-4Al Alloy Containing Sr and Ca
Authors: Bai Jing , Sun Yang Shan , Xue Feng
Published: August 2011

Microstructures and creep property of the Mg-4Al based alloy with addition of 2% Sr and 1%Ca were investigated. The as-cast microstructures of the present alloy consist of dendritic α-Mg and two major intermetallics: lamellar eutectic C14-Mg2Ca and bulky type Mg-Al-Sr ternary phase. These intermetallics mainly distribute along grain or cell boundaries and form an almost continuous network. The alloy studied shows an excellent creep resistance under the experimental conditions. This is primarily attributed to formation of the thermostable intermetallics with addition of Sr and Ca to Mg-Al based alloy. The values of stress exponent, n, and creep activation energy, Q, imply that both dislocaiton motion and grain boundary sliding contribute to the creep deformation.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction and In Vitro Antioxidant Evaluation of Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera
Authors: Wang Bin , Tong Guo Zhong , Qu You Le , Li Li
Published: August 2011

An efficient microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was developed to extract polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera (PEP). The operating parameters, such as microwave power, liquid/material ratio, temperature and extraction time, were optimized using orthogonal array design coupled with single factor method. PEP yield was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The optimum extraction conditions were determined as follows: microwave power, 700 W; liquid/material ratio, 40:1 (mL/g); temperature, 70 °C; and extraction time, 25 min. Under such conditions, PEP yield reached to 10.79 %. In comparison with conventional hot water extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, MAE showed obvious advantages in terms of high extraction efficiency, saving energy, rapidity, solvent consumption, and so on. The data demonstrated that MAE could be a fast and reliable method for quantitative analysis of PEP. The scavenging capability of PEP to DPPH/hydroxyl radical reached to 65.2 % and 41.2 % at the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. The reducing power of PEP was 0.354. Compared with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and gallic acid (GA), the experimental results showed that DPPH radical scavenging activity of PEP was higher than that of BHT. Thus, PEP had good potential as a natural antioxidant used in functional food or medicine industries.
Wave Propagation in a Magnetoelectroelastic Rod
Authors: Chang Jian Mei , Feng Huai Ping
Published: August 2011

In this paper the propagation of axially symmetric compression wave in an infinite transversely isotropic magnetoelectroelastic cylinder is presented. Following Pan(2002), the general boundary conditions on the surface of the magnetoelectroelastic cylinder are written by a simple vector equation that is similar to the purely elastic counterpart. By assuming the possible form of the solution, the generalized Pochhammer frequency equations are presented and the corresponding phase velocity curves in some range are given. Numerical examples are also presented to show phase velocity curves under the first 4 kinds of boundary conditions. Other boundary conditions can be studied under farther research.
A Stable Tracking Control Method for an Autonomous Welding Mobile Robot
Authors: Wang Yan Qing , Ye Yan Hui , Zhang Hua
Published: August 2011

This paper proposes an Autonomous Welding Mobile Robot (AWMR) used in shipbuilding and large spherical tank welding and its control method. In this method, both the moving and rotating velocity of the mobile platform and the cross slider were controlled simultaneously. The stability of control method was proved through the use of a Liapunov function. Although any set of positive parameters makes the system stable, a condition on the parameters for the system being critically damped for a small disturbance is obtained through linearizing the system's differential equation. In the simulation, we analyzed line and circle-line tracking problem. And the tracking responses with and without velocity limited is also presented. It is shown that the output responses represent non-oscillatory property and effectiveness of the tracking method.
Theory and Application of Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Liu Xin Hua , Liu Hao , Liu Yong Zhi
Published: August 2011

The research progress and results of Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for the engineering technology fields are reviewed. Firstly, the basic ideas and principles of Lattice Boltzmann method are briefly introduced. Secondly, the boundary conditions of Lattice Boltzmann method are proposed. Thirdly, the applications in several fields such as single-phase flows, multiphase flows, porous media flows, compressible flows and mathematics are summarized. Finally, the direction of future development for Lattice Boltzmann method was discussed.
The Study of Energy Savings of Separation Quaternary Mixture with Thermally Coupled Distillation
Authors: Ye Qing , Du Lei
Published: August 2011

The thermally coupled distillation configuration (TCDS) could reduce energy consumption and capital investment compared with conventional distillation sequences. But their use was still limited. The five kinds of conventional distillation sequences and five kinds of thermally coupled distillation sequences were performed in separation of quaternary mixtures with distillation rigorous simulations. The energy savings of a series of thermally coupled distillation sequences were compared. The results showed that the feed composition and ease of separation of the composition have great effect on the choice of the thermally coupled sequences. In the most cases, the TCDS with side rectifier or striper had the more energy saving effect.
Preparation and Exothermic Characterization of Dioctyl Sebacate (DOS)-Coated Aluminum Nanopowders
Authors: Huang Kai Jin , Tan Chao Dong
Published: August 2011

The DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders were prepared by using a kneader. The DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders were characterized by TEM, XRD and FTIR. The exothermic characterization of the DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders was analysized by simultaneous TG-DSC. The results show that the DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders have a core-shell structure and the release heat enthalpy in pure oxygen is 4.955KJ/g at 529.2°C. The stability of DOS-coated aluminum nanopowders excels Al2O3-passivated aluminum nanopowders due to the hydrophobic nature of DOS and the hydrophilic nature of Al2O3.
Influence of Transverse Vibration of Axially Moving Electrode Wire on Machining Precision in Wire-Cut EDM
Authors: Fan Sheng Yao , Zhang Qiu Ju , Chen Hai Wei
Published: August 2011

Many factors influence WEDM(Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining) machining precision, and the influence of various factors on the machining precision are expressed by wire electrode dynamic form ultimately. In this paper, the transverse vibration theoretical model of the axially moving electrode wire coupled with thermal stresses is established by the principle of Hamilton. The influence of various processing parameters on machining precision are analyzed and simulated. This study provides a relevant theoretical basis for optimizing processing parameters, reducing the wire vibration and improving machining precision of workpiece.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Performance of Woodball Mallet: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Lu Yi Chen , Gu Yao Dong
Published: August 2011

This study aims to analyze the relevant mechanical properties of woodball shafts by applying numerical methods. The structures of woodball were constructed in Solidworks 2007 to form the solid models, and the numerical model was analyzed in ABAQUS to acquire the simulation resluts. The collision speed between ball and mallet was from the experiment of motion analysis. As the maximal stress of mallet was concentrated in the proximal part of bottle, some enforcement design could be carried out in this part to reduce the fracture incidence. Another important finding is the contact area at the mallet head was really small, the rubber cover at head part may thicken at the centre part and thinner at the outside area. For further study, it is important to represent the higher fidelity of the input conditions for the finite element analysis (FEA).
Simulation on Motion Reliability of Five-Axis Turning-Milling Center
Authors: Liu De Ping , Yang Wei Wei , Gao Jian She
Published: August 2011

Five-axis turning-milling center is an important and advanced NC machine in fields of military industry, aerospace, automobile and medical machinery. The model of machining center is established by using ADAMS and designing the variable parameters. The error of machining center is simulated by Monte Carlo method. The command file is compiled to simulate the machining center and the motion reliability is computed using simulation results. The whole process avoids establishing and solving complicated mathematical equations. So, it is an effective method for the analysis and computation of motion reliability. Compared with traditional methods, this method is more accurate and quick and it is suitable for complicated mechanism.
Study on Web-Based Collaborative Design for the Vehicle Clutch Release Bearings
Authors: Chen Guo Liang , Chen Xiao Yang
Published: August 2011

Clutch release bearings are an important vehicle powertrain components. Web-based collaborative design automotive clutch release bearings, making the regional formation of enterprises dynamic virtual design team, through a combination of scattered in various technological advantage, the talent to play all engineers, technicians can not subject to geographical restrictions, by computer supported collaborative design (CSCD), is a collaborative model of human and computer technology convergence of new technologies. By numerical calculation and the C# language on the separation of the axial load bearing capacity of the design process is developed. It is established on separate static analysis of the proposed bearing model.
A Replaceable Lead-Free Solder for Sn-37Pb
Authors: Li Yuan Shan , Chen Xu , Luo Yu Feng
Published: August 2011

In this paper, a new kind of Sn-Bi lead-free solder was fabricated via rapid solidification method by adding a series of microelements which can optimize the properties of Sn-Bi solder. When the solder was manufactured by Single Roller Melt Spinning Process, the faster the cooling rate is, the better the effect of restraining Bi segregation is. When the melt spinning rate was up to 1000 rpm, it had the best result. The effects of microelements on the melting characteristics, microstructure and properties of the new solder were also systemically studied. The results show that when the added content of Ag is 0.7%, Cu 0.3%, Ge 0.1%, In 0.5% and Sb 0.5%, the microstructure of the solder is fine, the extent of Bi segregation obviously decreases and the mechanical property is similar to that of Sn-37Pb solder. The melting point of the new solder is close to that of the Sn-37Pb solder. The mechanical and soldering properties are also similar to that of it.
Comparison of Algorithms for Static Multi-Leaf Collimator Field Segmentation
Authors: Ni Dong Dong , Wu Xu , Chen Jian Qi , Jing Jia , Liu Cai Xia
Published: August 2011

Purpose: A multi-leaf collimator leaf sequencing comparison program in the sense that it translates beam intensity maps into the least number of MLC field segments was presented. Methods: The IMRT leaf sequencing calculation program based on Galvin, Bortfeld algorithms was constructed. The output of the leaf sequencing program were the number of segment and the total number of monitor unit. Results: Assuming 15 x 15 bixel fields with an average of 10 intensity levels, Bortfeld algorithm could yield better result on example 1 while Galvin algorithm yielded better results on example 2. Conclusions: This represented a useful tool for optimizing the leaf sequencing of static multi-leaf collimator that can yield shorter treatment time and higher utilization of photons by comparing with the total number of monitor units and number of segments of existed typical algorithms. It was an effective strategy and could be applied in commercial Treatment Planning Systems.
Design for a PM-OLED Driver Circuit
Authors: Wu Lan , Wang Wei Sheng
Published: August 2011

A PM-OLED driving circuit is presented. This scheme, aiming at PWM PM-OLED driving circuit, gives the corresponding row-column driving circuit, and uses a new switch network instead of traditional switch network, to make up for the latter some shortage.
Corrosion Damage Research of Shot Peening Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Lin Song , Lv Sheng Li , Zhang Wei , Tong Xiao Yan
Published: August 2011

The pre-corrosion damage tests of LC4 aluminum alloy with the shot peening surface treatment and un-shot peening surface treatment are performed under two different time levels: 12h and 24h. Based on the observation of the corrosion morphology of aluminum alloy, the corrosion damage mechanism of shot peening aluminum alloy can be divided into three stages: intergranular corrosion occurs first, and then denudation generates, at last pitting corrosion occurs as denudation depth reaches a certain degree. For shot peening aluminum alloy, the denudation depth, mass loss and the total depth of corrosion damage are used to represent the corrosion characteristics. With the corrosion time increase, the three parameters all increase correspondingly.
Performance Test Bench Development of Auto Transmission Control Mechanism
Authors: Yu Sheng Wu , Liu Rui Jun
Published: August 2011

According to the capability require of the automotive transmission control mechanism（ATCM）, and entered into test method by the automotive accessory corporation and user，developed the performance test bench of ATCM，and introduce the makeup and function of test bench and control system. The test results showed that this test bench has many merits such as high test precision，stable anti-interfere capability，rapid fix test element，perfect function of man - computer dialogue，and see about history data facilely. It can provide reliable test method for the ATCM’s test and scientific reference for improve on ATCM.
Design and Construction of Container Terminal Machine Cooperation Virtual Environment
Authors: Lu Hou Jun , Chang Dao Fang , Mi Wei Jian , Liu Jing Shuai
Published: August 2011

With the further research of large container terminal machine going, promoting single equipment’s efficiency cannot greatly enhance the whole logistics service level of container terminal, thus considering the cooperation of each machine of container terminal from the macro view has become more and more important. The cooperative virtual environment uses distributed virtual reality technology as to build a platform that sharing status data and meeting human-computer interaction. Through analyzing the container’s operating process and combing the typical characteristics of handling machine, this paper proposed a new novel method for container terminal machine cooperation and mutual interaction of each cooperative unit in the virtual environment, so it can present the imbalanced state of production system in the operation process directly and help to make fast decisions.
The FPGA-Based Phase-Locked Loop Speed Control System of BLDCM for Magnetically Suspended Control Moment Gyroscope
Authors: Han Bang Cheng , He Dan , Guo Fang Zheng , Wang Yu , Huang Bing Nan
Published: August 2011

A phase-locked loop (PLL) control system based on field programmable gates array (FPGA) is proposed through analyzing the model of three-phase unipolar-driven BLDCM (brushless direct current motor) to enhance the reliability and accurate steady-state speed for magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope (MSCMG). The numerical operation module, PLL module and current-loop control module are designed based on FPGA using very-high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) to realize the control law of the digital system. The pulse width modulation (PWM) generating module for Buck converter, the commutation signal generating module for the inverter and ADC module are designed for driving the motor and sampling the current signal. The PLL is analyzed and optimized in the paper and all the modules are verified using the software of ModelSim and the experiments. The simulation and experiment results on BLDCM of MSCMG show that the stability of the motor velocity can reach 0.01% and 0.02% respectively by the PLL technology based on FPGA, which is difficult to be obtained by conventional proportion integral different (PID) speed control.
Research on the Disassembly Sequence Planning for Mechanical Product
Authors: Su Shi Jie , Fang Xi Feng , Li Fang
Published: August 2011

Mechanical products have been inevitably disassembled when they are regarded to be recycled or repaired. The disassembling procedure must be decided no matter what way is used to disassemble. The key is to decide the disassembly sequence for parts/components. In order to generate the disassembly sequence rapidly and correctly, similar thread binary tree and graph algorithm are used to establish the model of disassembly after analyzing the characteristics of Mechanical products. Firstly, generate the related matrix obtained from the 3D CAD assembly model; secondly, transform the undirected graph to the directed graph based on the practical constraints between parts/components; finally, search the restrictions among the directed graph and generate the efficient disassembly sequence. A prototype system of disassembly sequence planning based on UG was implemented which has the functions such as parts and assembly information extraction, definition constraints between components, disassembly sequence planning and etc. The centrifugal lubricating oil filter case study proves the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.
Microstructure and Grain Abrasion Properties of (Ti,W)C-Ni Cermet Cladding Layers Prepared by Tungsten Inert Gas Cladding
Authors: Zhao Li Ping , Liu Zong De , Li Bin
Published: August 2011

In this work, tungsten inert gas cladding (TIG), is utilized to in-situ synthesize the (Ti,W)C based cermet cladding layers. The microstructure and microhardness of the cladding layers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microhardness tester. The grain abrasion resistance of the cladding layers is also discussed. The grain abrasion resistance of the coating is also discussed. The results showed that excellent bonding between the coating and the AISI 1045 steel substrate was uniform, continuous and almost defect-free. (Ti,W)C cladding layers have compact microstructure and high microhardness. The grain abrasion resistance of the coating is attributed by the compact microstructure.
Review of Groups-Robot Cooperation System Research Basing on Swarm Intelligence
Authors: Zhao Xing Hong , Zhao Liang , Xu Jie
Published: August 2011

Swarm intelligence has been the new method to resolve traditional structure optimization problem. Group cooperative system composed by individual robots will complete task which individual robot cannot do by coordinating each other and cooperating mutually. From worldwide advances in the researches of groups-robot cooperation system and typical groups-robot cooperation system, we can see meta trends of researches into groups-robot cooperation system and difficulties restrict development and translation to utility system of groups-robot cooperation system. The future coming burning issue will be how to build up the groups-robot cooperation system of higher robustness and adaptability in the face of the true environment with characteristics of unstructured and dynamic.
Effect of Temperature on Spinel LiMn2O4 by Molten-Salt Flameless Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Huang Mei , Xia Yan , Guo Jun Ming , Zhang Ying Jie
Published: August 2011

Effect of calcination temperature on spinel LiMn2O4 by molten-salt flameless combustion synthesis using the lithium acetate (lithium nitrate), manganese acetate (manganese nitrate) as raw materials was studied. The structural characterization and morphology of the powder were measured by X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the main phase was LiMn2O4, which could be obtained at 400-700 °C. The product crystallinity and particle size increased with increasing calcination temperature, but the capacity and cyclic stability decreased. When LiMn2O4 was calcinated at 400 °C and 500°C, the initial specific capacity at 0.1C rate was 104.2 and 101.5 mAh·g-1, respectively. After 30 cycles, the discharge capacity retention rate was 80.4 % and 83.5 %, respectively. The performance was the worst when LiMn2O4 was calcinated at 700°C, when the initial specific capacity was only 81.9 mAh·g-1.
Microstructures and Properties of Zn-Al-Si Cast Alloys
Authors: Jia Su Qiu , Li Sheng Jie , Chen Hua , Zhao Zhan Kui , Gao Wen Ke
Published: August 2011

Zn-Al-Si cast alloys with different content Al and Si such as ZA11Si1, ZA24Si3 and ZA40Si5 were fabricated by metal mould. Zn-Al-Si alloys were composed of α+η or α+η and Si phase. The dendritic particles in ZA11Si1 were smaller than ZA24Si3 and ZA40Si5 and Si phase did not appear in it. The microstructures of ZA24Si3 and ZA40Si5 alloy were larger dendrites and more lump, strip Si phases were dispersed unevenly. ZA24Si3 had the highest mircoharness compare with ZA11Si1 and ZA40Si5, which had the almost same microhardness. ZA11Si11 wear volume was the lowest than those of the pure Zn and the other two Zn-Al-Si alloys and its wear resistance was the best. 11 wt% Al and 1 wt% Si content in the Zn-Al-Si alloy favored the microhardness and wear resistance improvement.
A New Device of Self-Quantitative and Uniform Mixing to Produce Semisolid Metal Ceramic Composite
Authors: Zhang Song Yang , Zhang Rui , Zhang Xing , Wang Cheng Cheng
Published: August 2011

Metal ceramic composite are adding ceramic particle powder to metal, also called powder dispersion reinforced materials, Its unique properties with extensive use value. But how to produce the metal ceramic composite is the main diffculty of the technology. In the last the method of the mixing are mechanical mixing method ,electromagnetic stirring and so on .The shortcomings of mechanical mixing method is clunky, difficult operation and low efficiency. The problem of the electromagnetic stirring method is its large equipment investment and its complex device. The paper researched a new device to produced metal ceramic composite in the semisolid process which advangtage is self-quantitative ,uniform mixing,save energy and environmental protection.This device was designed in sample full consideration of the mixing process may. As much as possible to avoid cracks. As to the sealed containers to consider the nitrogen let liquid to prevent oxidation and reduce the impurity intervention; Another auxiliary handle design also to make the experiment more convenient and accurate Indeed, etc. These advantages are the practicability for device, and provide a guarantee for the production metal ceramic composite.
Nanoindentation Characteristics of Patterned ITO for Multi-Touch Panel
Authors: Chang Wen Yang , Hsu Cheng Hung
Published: August 2011

Fabrication, nanoindentation characteristics, and optical spectroscopy of patterned ITO for multi-touch panel are investigated. The fabrications were carried out in two parts. The first part fabricates the high/low impedances of ITO patterns on silicon wafer, and the second part sputters the ITO patterns on PET film using MEMS fabrication. The array strips of ITOs on the PET film are defined as contact areas and row electrodes of scanning lines. The ITO patterns on the glass substrate include the contact areas, the narrow wires for high impedance, and the column electrodes of scanning lines for low impedance. The nanoindentation characteristics of load-unload regions generated elastic energy dissipation, which is attributed to higher elastic response, frictional energy, stiffness, and compressive plastic deformation. The maximum transmittance is 74.2% at the wavelength of about 692 nm due to a thicker ITO and Al films.
Research and Development of Design Technologies for Functionally Gradient Ceramic Materials
Authors: Zhang Yong Lian , Xu Chong Hai , Wu Guang Yong , Yi Ming Dong , Fang Bin
Published: August 2011

Recent research progresses of design technologies for functionally gradient ceramic materials (FGCMs) at home and abroad are reviewed. The determination and application of component distribution model, micromechanical model, materials properties, distribution exponent, layer number and thickness, and thermal stress simulation, etc. have been analyzed and investigated emphatically. Problems existed are discussed and future design perspective of functionally gradient ceramic materials are pointed out.
Analysis and Optimization on the Gating System of Aluminum Alloy Piston in Casting
Authors: Jiang Yin Fang , He Yi , He Yu Zhong , Qian Xiao Ming , Huang Yu
Published: August 2011

Shrinkage porosity defects occurring in ring groove underside the pin hole of aluminum piston are strongly influenced by the time-varying temperature profiles inside the solidifying casting. By adopting the finite element analysis software PROCAST and combining with production practice, the gating system which has open-cycle ring feeding channel in the bottom of the piston was compared with conventional techniques; the influence of opening angle of ring feeding channel and different process parameters on shrinkage distribution was researched. The results show the gating system with open-cycle ring feeding channel can satisfy progressive solidification and effectively eliminate the shrinkage in ring groove underside piston pin hole, and can greatly reduce the riser size and improve casting yield; the opening angle influences shrinkage distribution and can be adjusted to achieve effective feeding; shrinkage size is influenced by pouring temperature and casting speed which have less effect on shrinkage distribution. The system of ring feeding channel is adopted, the opening angle and process parameters are adjusted, all which can effectively eliminate shrinkage in the bottom of the piston, improve casting yield and process rate.
Simulation Research on Stress of Polymeric Patterns during Micro Hot Embossing
Authors: Zhang Ting , He Yong , Fu Jian Zhong
Published: August 2011

The properties of polymeric components made by hot embossing are obviously affected by the geometry of the mold such as the duty ratio, the aspect ratio, width to thickness ratio and the mold cavity position. This paper focuses on numerical simulations with isothermal embossing conditions in order to observe the stress distribution and the stress concentration of the polymeric patterns. The simulation results show that stress concentration in the PMMA resist accumulates at the contact corner between the mold and the polymer, and the location of the stress distribution is mainly on the profile of the replicated patterns. Small duty ratio will result in high stress concentration at the corner of the replicated components. The stress concentration also increases rapidly while the aspect ratio of the mold increases. The thicker the polymer is, the more difficult the adequate flow of the polymer becomes, and the stress concentration rises up. A stress barrier can be used in the mold in order to reduce the stress concentration in the middle of the replicated polymeric patterns.
Microscopic Phase-Field Simulation of the Process of Middle Heat Treatment of Ni-Cr-Al Alloy
Authors: Chu Zhong , Zhao Guo Qun
Published: August 2011

The effect of the middle heat treatment+aging(1323K+1073K) for the precipitation mechanism and volume fraction of Ni-11at.%Cr-17at.%Al ternary alloy are studied based on microscopic phase-field model. The results show that the precipitation mechanism is non-classical nucleation and growth for the alloy at middle heat treatment, and the congruent ordering and spinodal decomposition mechanism occur at single-stage aging. The larger precipitation strengthening phases are obtained, the volume fraction of ordering phases and the averaged ordering parameter are higher, and the incubation period prolongs after the middle heat treatment.
Preparation and Properties of Tetrabasic Graft Copolymer Adhesive of CR/TPI/MMA/MAA
Authors: Lv Sheng Hua , Li Di
Published: August 2011

The chloroprene rubber (CR) and trans isoprene rubber (TPI) combined with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and α-Methylacrylic acid (MAA) to obtain a tetrabasic graft copolymer adhesive in a low poisonous mixing solvent. The effect of solvent, ratio of CR and TPI, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) amount, the dosage of MMA and MAA on the adhesive properties was investigated by studied the relationship between graft percentage (GP) and the T peel strength (T-PS) of various graft copolymer adhesives. The results showed that an excellent tetrabasic graft copolymer adhesive was obtained by a copolymerization of CR, TPI, MMA and MAA was 85 g, 15 g, 0.8 g, 60 g and 10 g using 0.8g BPO as initiator in a low poisnouos mixing solvent consisted of 124 g ethyl acetate (EA), 44 g pyroacetic spirit (PK) and 32 g toluene (TOL) at 85 °C for 5 h. The chemical structure of the tetrabasic graft copolymer adhesive was characterized by FTIR.
A Renewable C Reactive Protein Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Magnetic Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Probles Modified Electrode
Authors: Zeng Shao Lin , Zhou Han Kun , Gan Ning , Cao Yu Ting
Published: August 2011

A disposable, magnetism-controlled, and amperometric immunosensor was fabricated for the determination of C reactive protein (CRP). Firstly, Fe3O4 (core)/Au (shell) nanoparticle (GMP)–coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT–GMP) were prepared. Then, monoclonal antibody (anti-CRP) was immobilized on MWCNT–GMP to prepare MWCNT–GMP/anti-CRP composite magnetic probes. At last, the probes was adsorbed on the surface of N,N''-bis-(2-hydroxy-methylene)-o-phenylenediamine cobalt (CoRb) modified, screen-printed carbon electrodes through external magnetic field.The amount of CRP in the serum sample was determined by one-step immunoassay. When different concentrations of CRP were added into25μL of phosphate-buffered solution (pH7.0) containing10-4M H2O2, the percentage of DPV cathodic peak current decrease (CR%) exhibited a linear relationship with the concentration of CRP in the range of 0.3–100 μg L-1.The detection limit was 0.16 μg L-1(3б).The immunosensor was used to determine CRP in serum samples of patients with heart diseases, and the results were consistent with those of the traditional ELISA method. The proposed amperometric immunosensor was sensitive, rapid, magnetic field–controlled, and disposable; therefore, it could be used to determine even traces of CRP in the blood serums of patients with heart diseases.
Selection of Hole and Axle Interference Fit Tolerance
Authors: Yao Huan Xin , Miao En Ming , Niu Peng Cheng
Published: August 2011

In production practice，the preferred methods of determining interference fit of hole and axle are mainly empirical methods such as analogy ，which exist a wide range of errors. This paper discusses in detail the selection standard of common interference fit by stress analysis of hole and axle interference fit，puts forward the concept of allowable shearing stress of interference fit which refers to allowable shearing stress in machine design，and determines the preferred method of exact interference fit.
The Detection and Analysis of Straightness Errors on Pillar and Guide Rail of Alien Stone Turning-Milling Compound Machining Center
Authors: Zhang Ke , Cui Zheng Xing , Zhao De Hong , Rao Liang Wu , Wu Yu Hou
Published: August 2011

The alien stone turning-milling compound machining center is a new generation gap multifunctional compound machining center. It is used to process rotating part of alien stone products and three-dimensional sculpture products. The pillar and guiding rail are the key parts of the machining center. The straightness error of the pillar and guide rail seriously impacts the linear motion precision of beam parts. Comparison the straightness of guiding rail with pillar or without pillar, it shows that the results meet the standard of GB/T16462-1996. So it ensures the accuracy of the linear motion precision of beam parts. It lays a solid foundation for achieving the design function and machining precision.
Study on the Profile Design of Special Disk Milling Cutter for the Forming of Complex Inner Helicoid
Authors: Wang Shu Qiang , Wang Ke , Liu Xi Min
Published: August 2011

The cutting of inner helical surfaces within the parts of screw machine is an important manufacturing technique. According to the principle of inner helicoid which is formed under specific processing conditions using an especial disk milling cutter, a design algorithm for the profile of the forming cutter which is based on coordinate transformation is proposed by the paper. The article introduces the detailed steps of the algorithm and realizes the smooth interpolation of the cross-section of the workpiece’s contour curve and the disk cutter’s contour curve using a method of step-shaped and low-order interpolation. The work provides a theoretical basis to the cutting for this kind of helical surface.
Cyclic Oxidation Behaviour of a Ni-Based Alloy at 900°C
Authors: Lu Xu Dong , Guo Ce An , Wang Jie , Ma Shu Wu
Published: August 2011

The cyclic oxidation behaviour of Ni 5.5Al 2.6Ti 4.8Co 3.9Mo 5.0W 11.0Cr superalloy at 900 °C in air has been investigated by means of measuring the kinetics curves of the oxidation and analysis method of XRD and SEM/EDAX. The results show that the mass gain rapidly increases in the initial stage, and the weight loss and mass gain occurs alternately during the cyclic oxidation. An obvious oxidation and internal oxidation occurs during cyclic oxidation. Ti in the alloy oxidized, diffusing through the Al2O3 and Cr2O3 scales to form faceted TiO2 particle on the surface of the alloy. Al2O3 formed discontinuousness inner oxides in the alloy.
On Structure Function and the Temperature and the Thermal Stress of Brake Discs
Authors: Nong Wan Hua , Gao Fei , Fu Rong , Yu Qing Jun
Published: August 2011

The geometry and the arrangement of a brake pad for railway vehicles are the important influencing factors for distribution of the temperature and the thermal stress in a brake disc，and closely related to the thermal fatigue damage of the brake disc. The conception of structure function is presented with the view that friction strength on the brake disc is related to the geometry and the arrangement of the pad. Non-uniform heat sources model are suggested based on the structure function, and the temperature and the thermal stress of the brake disc are simulated with FEA software ABAQUS for four difference arrangements brake pads. The results show that changing patterns of the temperature and the thermal stress on brake disc surfaces are coincided with that of structure function. While the peak value of structure function is smaller and the distribution uniformity is better, the temperature and the thermal stress on the corresponding brake disc surface are lower, and distribution is more uniform. Structure function connects the geometry and the arrangement of the brake pad with the friction contact relationship of the brake disc, reflects distribution law of the temperature and the thermal stress and solves the problem of creating a heat source model.
Optimization of Process Parameters of Tube Hydroforming Based on Orthogonal Experiment
Authors: Du Ji Tao , Chen Cheng Zhan , Huang Can , Chen Qi Jun
Published: August 2011

Numerical simulation was made on parameters like internal pressure and axial force as well as friction coefficient of tube that affect the formation of variable cross-section tube. Through numerical simulation and orthogonal optimization, the most thickness reduction ratio and thickness uniformity on different conditions were contrasted and analyzed. An optimum scheme was obtained and it could improve the formability of variable cross-section tube. The result indicates that the axial force plays the most important role on thickness reduction ratio. The result provides technical support for the variable cross-section tube hydroforming research.
Analytical Solution of the Residual Stress when the Inflexion of the Retaining Ring is near to the Top
Authors: Liu Qiu Mei , Zheng Jun Ling
Published: August 2011

We analyses the instance that the retaining ring is near to the top, adopt the theory of the axis symmetry column thin shell, and construct a displacement function, then work out the analytical solution of the residual stress under this instance.
Analysis on the Straight-End Problem in Thin-Plate Three-Roll Bending
Authors: Cai Zhong Yr , Lan Ying Wu
Published: August 2011

The analytical solutions for the deformations of straight-ends in three-roll bending process of thin-plate were presented. Based on the theoretical analysis on the loading and unloading during roll-bending, the curvature equations governing the bending behavior of thin-plate were set up and then solved by integration. Numerical examples were given to illustrate the application of the solutions. The curvature and deflection distributions on straight-ends were shown in graphically and discussed.
Discussion Structure of Variable Displacement of Double Action Vane Pump
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Pan , Wang Hai Yan , An Ji
Published: August 2011

This paper discusses the configuration and the action principle of a new variable displacement of double-action vane pump, which consists of floating blocks. The floating blocks that may move up and down in accordance with the rotational speed of the pump. The pump belongs to an automotive hydraulic power steering system, and prosperous utilization is expected. The theoretical flow model of the new pump was established and the pump flow changes under different speed were compared.
Research on Computing Method of Similarity Scale of Dynamic Model Test Concerning Fluid-Structure Coupling for Water-Conveyance Tunnel
Authors: Liu Jin Yun , Xia Cai Chu
Published: August 2011

Based on the research of numerical simulation of model experiment of water-conveyance tunnel in under soft soil, and three basic types of similarity relation ship between the prototype and the model for dynamic structural model test and dynamic rupture model test was proposed, and the situation where various similarity relation ship is applicable and the technique to ensure similarity for the different goal (to study dynamic behavior, elastic response or damage pattern) was discussed, the similarity relation and the technique is proposed according to specific selection of material of model test . At one time the similarity relation and the technique is validated to pass a example. The results of numerical simulation show: in the specific thing, the similarity relation completely from data of the model test transfer to the prototype. Some new ideas to keep the similarity of the embankment structures are introduced.