bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МОРФОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ И МИКРОРЕЛЬЕФ ЦЕЛОМОЦИТОВ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ РОДА LUMBRICUS В УСЛОВИЯХ ОСМОТИЧЕСКОЙ НАГРУЗКИ
Authors: Prisnyi Andrey Andreevich
Published: November 2017

Цель. Выявить характер влияния осмотической нагрузки на морфометрические параметры и микрорельеф поверхности мембраны целомоцитов представителей рода Lumbricus.Материалы и методы. В экспериментах использованы представители трех видов, принадлежащих роду Lumbricus. Для проведения каждой серии эксперимента осуществляли отбор целомической жидкости у 15 представителей каждого вида. Из системы циркуляции каждой исследованной особи отобрано и обработано не менее 250 клеток. Изучение морфометрических показателей целомоцитов осуществляли в изотонических условиях, а также с использованием осмотических тестов in vitro. Особенности рельефа поверхности целомоцитов исследовали с использованием Зондовой Нанолаборатории «Интегра Вита» (NT-MDT, Россия). Проведен анализ амплитудных и функциональных среднестатистических параметров шероховатости поверхности. Результаты исследований обработаны методами вариационной статистики с использованием пакета анализа «Microsoft Excel 7.0».Результаты. У представителей р. Lumbricus выявлены различия в реакциях амебоцитов и элеоцитов на воздействие осмотической нагрузки. В условиях осмотической нагрузки выявлены несколько морфологически отличающихся форм среди клеток каждого типа. Это свидетельствует о потенциальной способности целомоцитов распластываться на субстрате при любом типе осмотической нагрузки. Изменение топографии клеточной поверхности целомоцитов под действием гипоосмотической нагрузки характеризуется сглаживанием структур микрорельефа с уменьшением размеров микровозвышений и микровпадин.Заключение. Изменяясь под воздействием средовых факторов, микрорельеф поверхности целомоцитов отражает особенности их функционального статуса.
МОЖЕТ ЛИ МЕЛАТОНИН ЭФФЕКТИВНО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬСЯ ДЛЯ КОРРЕКЦИИ ПОБОЧНЫХ ЭФФЕКТОВ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПСИХОТРОПНЫХ ЛЕКАРСТВ И ЭЛЕКТРОСУДОРОЖНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ?
Authors: Bekker Roman Aleksandrovich , Hannanova Angelina Nailevna , Bykov Yuriy Vitalevich
Published: November 2017

Цель исследования. Изучить и обобщить имеющуюся доказательную базу для применения мелатонина в качестве корректора побочных эффектов психотропных лекарств и электросудорожной терапии, и представить читателю соответствующие выводы.Методология проведения работы. Авторами был проведён поиск литературы о применении мелатонина в качестве корректора побочных эффектов психотропных лекарств и электросудорожной терапии в PubMed и Google Scholar. Найденные в результате этого поиска литературные данные представлены в настоящей статье.Результаты. Полученные нами в результате данного обзора литературы данные свидетельствуют о том, что мелатонин может быть эффективно использован как в монотерапии, так и в комбинации с другими корректорами с целью уменьшения ряда побочных эффектов психотропных лекарств и электросудорожной терапии, и заслуживает дальнейшего изучения в этом качестве. Доказательная база по его применению различна для различных побочных эффектов. Наибольшая доказательная база имеется об эффективности применения мелатонина в предотвращении и лечении диссомнических нарушений, нарушений памяти и когнитивных функций, акатизии, поздних дискинезий, а также метаболического синдрома.Область применения результатов. Полученные нами результаты могут применяться в психиатрии, неврологии и наркологии, а также во всех тех областях общесоматической медицины, в которых находят своё применение психотропные препараты.
ТАРГЕТНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С НЕЙРОФИБРОМАТОЗОМ (Обзор литературы)
Authors: Zhukovskaya Elena Vaycheslavovna , Bondarenko Vladislav Pavlovoch , Spichak Irina Ilinichna , Sidorenko Ludmila Vasilevna
Published: November 2017

Актуальность представленного обзора обусловлена высокой частотой нейрофиброматоза 1 типа (NF1) и нейрофиброматоз 2 типа (NF2) в популяции и частой ассоциацией с развитием злокачественных новообразований. Целью подготовки обзора является анализ данных литературы, которые описывают результаты применения таргетных препаратов лечения новообразований у пациентов с нейрофиброматозом Результатами литературного поиска стало обобщение современных подходов к проведению таргетной терапии нейрофброматоза как NF1, так и NF2 типов. Представлены данные о фармакогенетике и принципах этиопатогенетической терапии с использованием следующих препаратов таргетной терапии: бевацизумаб, эрлотиниб, иматиниб, сорафениб., сиролимус. Сводная таблица с результатами обзора содержит сведения из 39 литературных источников. По мнению большинства авторов, инновационная таргетная терапия нейрофиброматоза может оказаться эффективной у многих пациентов с распространёнными формами заболевания.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ИНТЕНСИВНОСТИ ГИДРОМОНИТОРНОЙ ОТБОЙКИ ПОРОД
Authors: Kislyakov V. E. , Shkaruba N. A. , Katyshev P. V.
Published: November 2017

В статье рассмотрено влияние содержания тонкодисперсных грунтовых частиц в напорной воде на силу удара струи гидромонитора о забой. По результатам моделирования в лабораторных условиях составлена математическая модель расчета силы удара струи о забой. Произведено сравнение с известными зависимостями.
ДИАГНОСТИКА ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА ПИВНОЙ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ У МОЛОДЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ
Authors: Novikova G. A. , Novikova L. A.
Published: November 2017

В статье рассмотрен подход по выявлению факторов влияющих на потребление пива молодыми людьми. Описана авторская методика, выявляющая биологические, социальные, психологические, педагогические и экономические факторы риска формирования пивной зависимости у молодых людей. Данные полученные с помощью предложенной методики могут быть использованы для выявления группы риска по зависимому поведению и планированию превентивных мероприятий.
АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВОМ ОСНОВНЫХ ФОНДОВ НА ТЕПЛОСНАБЖАЮЩИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ
Authors: Prytkova O. O.
Published: November 2017

В центре данной статьи находится проблема обеспечения воспроизводства основных фондов теплоснабжающих организаций, существенная часть которых в настоящее время находятся в состоянии различной степени износа, снижающего энергоэффективность деятельности организаций. Однако, как показывают проведенные исследования, устранение накопленного износа путем проведения различных мероприятий по воспроизводству тепловых сетей еще не приносит желаемого результата. Для необходимого эффекта требуется разработать комплексный инструментарий планирования воспроизводства основных фондов теплоснабжающих организаций на основе дифференцированной оценки их износа.
КОМПЛЕКСНОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ДЕКУБИТАЛЬНЫХ ЯЗВ КАК ОСНОВНАЯ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ ПРОГРАММЫ РАННЕЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯМИ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА
Authors: Iakovlev A. A. , Shaibak A. A. , Rebrov K. S. , Sidorov I. B. , Petrova M. V. , Shelkunova I. G. , Grechko A. V.
Published: November 2017

Описан способ лечения декубитальных язв (ДЯ) III (площадью более 2 см2) и IV стадии у 31 пациента с последствиями тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ) и церебрального инсульта, находившихся на реабилитации в ФНКЦ РР.Использовались общепринятые для данной категории пациентов методы лечения в сочетании с разработанной авторской методикой. Контрольную группу составили 34 пациента с ДЯ II и III стадии (площадью менее 2 см2), которым проводилось лечение в соответствии со стандартами оказания медицинской помощи.В исследуемой группе, состоявшей из 31 пациента, в результате применения методики получены хорошие и удовлетворительные результаты у 100% исследуемых пациентов (у 31,6% отмечено полное заживление язв, у 35% – заживление 70–90% по объему раны, у 33,4% – заживление 30–70% по объему раны).
АНТРОПОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И КОМПОНЕНТНЫЙ СОСТАВ МАССЫ ТЕЛА У МУЖЧИН МИГРАНТОВ КРАЙНЕГО СЕВЕРА С АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТОНИЕЙ*
Authors: Yaskevich Roman Anatolyevich , Moskalenko Olga Leonidovna
Published: November 2017

Цель. Изучение антропометрических особенностей и компонентного состава массы тела у мужчин мигрантов Крайнего Севера с артериальной гипертонией.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 155 мужчин в возрасте 30–79 лет. Основную группу составили 66 пациентов с артериальной гипертонией (АГ), проживающие ранее на Крайнем Севере и переехавшие в дальнейшем на постоянное место жительства в Центральную Сибирь. Обследование включало клинические, инструментальные, функциональные и лабораторные методы исследования, а также антропометрию с последующим соматотипированием.Результаты. Выявлено, что более половины (57,6%) обследуемых мужчин мигрантов Крайнего Севера с АГ имели мускульный тип конституции, в то время как среди мужчин г. Красноярска с АГ, наиболее часто (62,0%) встречаются представители брюшного типа конституции. Среди мужчин г. Красноярска без АГ несколько чаще, на уровне тенденций, встречались представители мускульного типа конституции (33,3%). У мужчин мигрантов Крайнего Севера с АГ 3 степени, в сравнении с мужчинами, имеющими умеренную и легкую степени АГ, показатели жировой и костной компоненты были выше и имели статистически значимые различия.Заключение. Проведенное исследование позволило выявить и количественно охарактеризовать распределение мужчин мигрантов Крайнего Севера по конституциональным типам. Показано, что наиболее часто АГ среди обследованных мужчин мигрантов Крайнего Севера отмечалась у лиц с мускульным соматотипом. Индекс массы тела и жировой компонент массы тела были выше у мужчин мигрантов Крайнего Севера с АГ 3 степени.
НЕЙРОСЕТЕВАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ ВОЗРАСТА ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ ПАНКРЕАТИТА НА ОСНОВЕ АНАЛИЗА ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА
Authors: Lazarenko Viktor Anatolevich , Antonov Andrey Evgenevich , Prasolov Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: November 2017

Цель. В социально-гигиеническом исследовании разработать искусственную нейронную сеть, предназначенную для диагностики панкреатита и прогнозирования времени его наступления на основе анализа сведений о факторах риска, а также провести апробацию программы в клинической практике.Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено по материалам 488 больных (из них 167 с панкреатитом), проходивших стационарное лечение в городе Курске по поводу заболеваний гепатопанкреатодуоденальной зоны. Обработка информации о факторах риска здоровью (возрастно-половой принадлежности, вредных привычках, стрессах, профессиональном и семейном анамнезе, ранее проводимом лечении) производилась с применением программного комплекса собственной разработки – «Системы интеллектуального анализа и диагностики заболеваний» (свидетельство № 2017613090).Результаты. Предложен новый подход к диагностике и прогнозированию панкреатита на основе нейросетевого анализа данных о факторах риска. Показатели чувствительности и специфичности такого метода, находились на уровне (76,74%, m = 4,16) и (90%, m = 2,96), соответственно. Ошибка прогноза возраста вероятной госпитализации не превышала 2,87 и 3,02 года (p = 0,95 и p = 0,99, соответственно). При этом система демонстрировала дополнительные преимущества: неинвазивность, низкие требования к оборудованию и профессиональной подготовке медработника, возможность оценивать результат с момента возникновения заболевания.Заключение. Эффективность предложенного подхода подтверждена на этапе клинической апробации уровнями чувствительности и специфичности, соответствующими аналогичным показателям традиционных диагностических методов – ультразвукового исследования, компьютерной томографии и определения уровней α-амилазы и липазы.
ТОПОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ И ДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ НЕЙРОННЫХ АНСАМБЛЕЙ МОЗГА КАК ПЕРКОЛИРУЮЩИХ ФРАКТАЛЬНЫХ МНОЖЕСТВ
Authors: Molchatsky Sergey L’vovich
Published: November 2017

В представленной работе определены численные значения фрактальных размерностей реальных нейронных ансамблей мозга как перколирующих кластеров. Для указанных объектов в основной части работы определена фрактальная размерность: на пороге протекания df, для геодезических линий на фрактале dθ и для траекторий частиц в области турбулентности dw. Рассчитан индекс связности нейронных ансамблей мозга животных и человека. Как и предполагалось для объектов, обладающих хаусдорфовой размерностью df > 1, он имеет отрицательное значение θ < 0. Полученные результаты позволяют причислить рассматриваемые нейронные ансамбли к особому классу фрактальных объектов, называемых асимптотически линейно связными.
Pricing with Prescheduled Sales
Authors: Sinitsyn Maxim
Published: November 2017

In this paper, I introduce a framework of price promotions by firms that preschedule their sale dates. I set up a dynamic model of demand accumulation in which high- and low-valuation consumers enter the market every period. The high-valuation consumers buy immediately and leave the market; the low-valuation consumers accumulate while waiting for the sale price. The firms schedule the dates of their promotions in advance. I find that often they use mixed strategies, choosing the future promotion period according to a probability distribution function. If the firms can cancel their prescheduled sales, typically they can wait longer until holding sales by shifting the probability distribution towards later periods. Scheduling promotions in advance increases the firms’ profits in comparison to the case when the promotion decision is made in the period when the promotion is offered.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1052 .
Peer Review Workgroup Report
Authors: Barba Lorena , Davenport Nancy , Earle Lacey , Gabriel Ann , Newton Mark , Packer Abel , Price Richard
Published: November 2017

Building on the peer review workgroup’s proposals from OSI2016, this workgroup will develop a broader and clearer description of peer review that considers the different needs for different stages of review, as well as discuss possibly emerging issues such as the need to promote uniform interpretation and enforcement of peer review definitions, and will develop proposals for moving forward.
Reimaginar la ciudad. Prácticas de ocio juvenil y producción del espacio público urbano
Authors: Bayón Martín Fernando , Cuenca Amigo Jaime , Caride Gómez José Antonio
Published: November 2017

Tras recorrer algunas de las recientes transformaciones discursivas en la comprensión del espacio urbano, este artículo teórico analiza tres prácticas de ocio juvenil, seleccionadas por su especial imbricación con la trama de la ciudad: el skateboarding, el graffiti y el juego de realidad aumentada Pokémon Go. Se pretende así contribuir a la comprensión del papel de las formas contemporáneas del ocio juvenil, y los tipos de experiencia territorial que les son propias, en la reestructuración del imaginario urbano y la producción del espacio público en la actualidad.
Buenas prácticas de intervención social en relación al ocio con jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión desde la percepción de los agentes sociales
Authors: Poza Vilches Fátima , Fernández-García Ana , Ferreira Delgado João Paulo
Published: November 2017

Este artículo plantea delimitar buenas prácticas en el trabajo con jóvenes socialmente vulnerables desde la caracterización de la intervención profesional, en materia de ocio. Para ello se plantea un estudio descriptivo exploratorio de carácter cualitativo a partir del diseño de un cuestionario abierto con el que se recoge información sobre la intervención que 34 profesionales vinculados a este campo diseñan y desarrollan.Bajo este planteamiento la investigación aquí recogida, pretende el cumplimiento de dos objetivos clave: identificar las confluencias y divergencias en la práctica profesional y establecer un protocolo de indicadores que nos ayude, posteriormente, a identificar buenas prácticas de intervención en ocio juvenil.
Texto e imagen ¿antinomias? El libro-álbum como punto de encuentro.
Authors: Sánchez Lorena
Published: November 2017

Una experiencia socializadora que permite replantear nuestras prácticas docentes, en torno a lecturas multimodales como la que propone un objeto cutural tan magnífico como lo es el libro-álbum. Voces de especialistas, de alumnos, de docentes, florecen página a página para ampliar la mirada en torno a la relación del libro-álbum como objeto artístico, puesto en circulación dentro del aula.
Zama, la tragicomedia americana
Authors: Arce Rafael
Published: November 2017

Este trabajo propone una lectura de la novela Zama (1956) de Antonio Di Benedetto. La obra de este autor ha sido leída en general como manifestación literaria de una negatividad propia del existencialismo. Tratando de superar esta negatividad, la lectura propone pensar a Zama en relación con el humor y el grotesco. La expresión de lo tragicómico podría proporcionar una nueva clave de lectura tanto de Zama como de la obra narrativa de Di Benedetto.
La presencia de lo ausente. Claves fónicas para la traducción shakesperiana
Authors: Sanderson John Douglas
Published: November 2017

La habitual dicotomía sobre traducción para la publicación o para el escenario cuando se trata de un texto teatral es cuestionada en este artículo. Se aporta una fundamentación teórica en la que confluyen traductólogos, lingüistas y profesionales de la traducción teatral que deliberan sobre la importancia de la adecuación oral de los textos meta resultantes. Se realiza un análisis lingüístico de diversos fragmentos de obras del dramaturgo más representado de todos los tiempos, William Shakespeare, en las que se percibe un propósito de producir un efecto fónico mediante el uso de figuras iterativas, y se comparan diversas traducciones al español para evaluar las estrategias aplicadas. La hipótesis de trabajo es la demostración de que una traducción teatral ha de considerar la traslación de los aspectos formales con repercusión en la enunciación oral a un mismo nivel de importancia que la carga semántica individual del léxico utilizado. Su identificación en el texto origen gracias a la nomenclatura canónica de figuras retóricas permitirá deducir la intencionalidad original y plantear recursos traductores para que se produzca un efecto equivalente en los textos meta.
Espacios legibles: la traducción en los márgenes del canon.
Authors: Schniebs Alicia
Published: November 2017

En este trabajo presentamos la tarea de traducción de los poemas latinos Copa y Moretum al español, y mostramos las dificultades y problemáticas con las que nos enfrentamos. Enmarcamos nuestra labor en la idea de que es imprescindible desarrollar traducciones al español de obras no canónicas como una forma de ampliar y actualizar los estudios literarios.
Innovadores, adaptaciones creativas y proyectos "nacionales". La circulación de ideas en las ciencias sociales argentinas (1950-1976)
Authors: Gil Gastón Julián
Published: November 2017

Entre las décadas de 1950 y 1970 las ciencias sociales argentinas experimentaron un pluralismo teórico que combinó diversos procesos de espacialización de teorías provenientes de los centros metropolitanos de producción de conocimiento. Esas adaptaciones, más o menos creativas, convivieron con propuestas de formular teorías endógenas guiadas por un compromiso militante y el afán de transformación social. En el marco de su definitiva institucionalización, disciplinas como antropología y sociología tuvieron referentes académicos que, en general desde sus anclajes institucionales, marcaron el pulso de las discusiones teóricas, en muchos casos atravesados por la coyuntura política. Aunque los legados que dejaron esos cientistas sociales para el devenir de cada una de las disciplinas fue dispar, constituyen una marca indeleble de como se practicaban las ciencias sociales en la Argentina y de los conflictos que dominaron el campo de las ciencias sociales durante tres décadas.
Pengaruh Post Weld Heat Treatment (Pwht) dengan Pemanas Induksi Terhadap Sifat Mekanik dan Struktur Mikro Sambungan Las Shield Metal Arc Welding (Smaw) pada Pipa API 5l X52
Authors: Haryadi Gunawan Dwi , Ismail Rifky , Haira Mahmuda
Published: November 2017

Saluran perpipaan telah digunakan sebagai salah satu metode yang paling praktis dan  berharga murah untuk transportasi minyak dan gas. Penyambungan pipa sendiri dilakukan dengan proses pengelasan. Pada pengelasan memunculkan efek pemanasan setempat dengan temperatur tinggi yang menyebabkan logam mengalami ekspansi termal maupun penyusutan saat pendinginan. Hal itu menyebabkan terjadinya tegangan sisa, perubahan struktur mikro, kekerasan dan ketangguhan yang berbeda-beda pada tiap-tiap daerah konstruksi. Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki hal tersebut yaitu dengan cara melakukan post weld heat treatment (PWHT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PWHT terhadap sifat mekanik dan struktur mikro pada pengelasan shield metal arc welding (SMAW). PWHT dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat pemanas induksi pada temperatur 400ºC, 500 ºC 600 ºC, 700 ºC dan 800 ºC dengan holding time selama 15 detik dan didinginkan di udara terbuka. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian impak, kekerasan dan struktur mikro untuk mengetahui pengaruh PWHT yang dilakukan. Dari hasil pengujian impak dan kekerarasan diketahui bahwa semakin tinggi temperature PWHT maka semakin tinggi juga nilai ketangguhan dan semakin menurun nilai kekerasannya. Dan dari pengamatan struktur mikro daerah weld metal PWHT mengakibatkan terjadinya peningkatan jumlah struktur acicular ferrite dan penurunan jumlah struktur widmanstatten ferrite.
Studi Eksperimental Pengaturan Waktu Pengapian Pada Mesin 4 Langkah 1 Silinder Berbahan Bakar E25
Authors: Aji Arjuna , Triyono Joko
Published: November 2017

The use of ethanol as a mixture of premium is for reducing dependency to the primuim, considering that premium is not renewable. The goal of the ethanol addition in a fuel is to increase the octane number. However the heating value of the ethanol is lower than premium, so it will decrease the performance of the SI engine. The study aimed for increasing the performance of SI engine using E25 as mixture of premium-ethanol. The performance of engine was measured by engine test bed on chassis. Change load method is used in the experiment. The experiments result is advancing the time of ignition at 4 degree that can improve the engine performance. The result of changes load use E25 fuel with advanced time of ignition at 4 degree can increase engine performance as torque, power, bmep, efficiency thermal and bsfc were decrease
Perancangan Poros Turbin 5 Mw untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi
Authors: Widodo Achmad , A. Kriscahya R. , Satrijo Djoeli
Published: November 2017

Poros turbin merupakan komponen utama turbin uap pada pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi yang berperan untuk mentransmisikan daya atau torsi ke poros generator yang terhubung padanya. Poros turbin didesain untuk mampu menerima beban-beban poros saat poros beroperasi fluktuasi daya pada siklus tertentu.  Material yang digunakan pada poros adalah stainless steel karena poros bekerja pada kondisi lingkungan korosif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan desain poros yang memenuhi persyaratan kelayakan desain berupa ASME Code: Design of Transmission Shaft, AS1170.1, ANSI B4.1-1978 dan aman dalam menerima beban statik maupun dinamik. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk memodelkan dan analisis poros adalah Solidworks 2015 dan ANSYS 16. Konsep desain terdiri dari 6 model poros dengan variasi fillet dengan material Stainless Steel jenis AISI 410. Model poros 6 adalah desain poros yang dipilih karena tegangan Von Mises poros 124,49 MPa dengan faktor keamanan statik 2,48 dan tegangan geser maksimumnya senilai 66,01 MPa sudah memenuhi syarat kode ASME. Defleksi poros sebesar 1,3 mm memenuhi persyaratan AS1170.1 dengan ukuran interferensi radial yang digunakan sebesar 0,2 mm sesuai dengan ANSI B4.1-1978. Faktor keamanan lelah (fatigue) poros dari awal operasi sampai overhaul adalah 0,81. Meskipun demikian, diagram S-N menunjukkan bahwa umur poros berdasarkan siklus dari awal operasi sampai overhaul mencapai 2,9 x 105 siklus.
Effects of age and education on variable but native heritage grammars: Theoretical and empirical implications for the Null Subject Parameter
Authors: Schmitz Katrin , Scherger Anna-Lena
Published: November 2017

In this contribution, we investigate the impact of language-internal and language-external factors on the parametrized grammatical domain of (null) subjects in adult Italian heritage speakers (HS, n=16). Based on empirical evidence from correlation analyses comparing these speakers´ spontaneous speech to monolingual Italians (n=10), we determine the kind and extent of variation in monolingual and bilingual adult end-state grammars. We will show that there is indeed a significant variation in the null subject production of the HS related to the factorsageandeducationwhich is, however, constrained to contexts of 1stgrammatical person. This observation cannot be taken to represent incomplete acquisition but rather a discourse and possibly situation-related competent behaviour. We propose that end-state HS grammars are characterized by a full grammatical and pragmatic competence, combined with a larger variation of language-externally determined preferences than monolinguals show. This does not call the native end-state competence of HS into question but opens the door for potential changes in future bilingual generations. We further discuss the implications for language acquisition theory and language change in terms of stability.
Possibilities and limitations of individual-tree growth models – A review on model evaluations
Authors: Vospernik Sonja
Published: November 2017

Individual-tree growth models are the new standard for modeling growth and yield. Their main purpose is to simulate future forest management scenarios but they can also be used to predict wood quality, rockfall protection or habitat quality. Individual tree growth models may consist of different models but core models are diameter increment, height increment, crown ratio (often used as a predictor for increment) and mortality. The model differentiation is based on how these four models include tree age (size), competition and site. Four common growth simulators in Central Europe are BWIN, Moses, Prognaus and Silva. These four models are commonly deployed to simulate 30 years of growth, but a prospective application is the simulation of a whole rotation period (80–150 years). It is therefore crucial to understand the possibilities and limitations of these models by evaluating them. This review paper summarizes the statistical and emergent properties’ evaluation results for these models. Statistical evaluations focus on individual models of a simulator, whereas the evaluation of emergent properties evaluates the entire simulator, by testing if the models conform to known principles of stand growth. Further, the meaning of these evaluation results for the development and improvement of individual-tree growth models is discussed.
Comprehensive spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1H and 13C NMR) identification and computational studies on 1-acetyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione
Authors: Almutairi Maha S. , Muthu S. , Prasana Johanan C. , Chandralekha B. , Al-Ghamdi Alwah R. , Attia Mohamed I.
Published: November 2017

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra of 1-acetyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione (N-acetylisatin) were recorded in the solid phase and analyzed. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, Raman activities and atomic charges were calculated using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) calculations with a standard 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The fundamental vibrational modes of N-acetylisatin were analyzed and fully assigned with the aid of the recorded FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra. The simulated FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra showed good agreement with the experimental spectra. The stability of the molecule, arising from hyper-conjugative interactions and charge delocalization, was analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The dipole moment (µ), polarization (α) and hyperpolarization (β) values of N-acetylisatin were also computed. The potential energy distribution (PED) was computed for the assignment of unambiguous vibrational fundamental modes. The HOMO and LUMO energy gap illustrated the chemical activity of N-acetylisatin. The energy and oscillator strength were calculated by DFT. Gauge–including atomic orbital NMR (1H and 13C) chemical shift calculations were performed and compared with the experimental values. Thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, entropy and enthalpy) of the compound at different temperatures were also calculated.
Weighted integral Hankel operators with continuous spectrum
Authors: Fedele Emilio , Pushnitski Alexander
Published: November 2017

Using the Kato-Rosenblum theorem, we describe the absolutely continuous spectrum of a class of weighted integral Hankel operators in L2(ℝ+). These self-adjoint operators generalise the explicitly diagonalisable operator with the integral kernel sαtα(s + t)-1-2α, where α > -1/2. Our analysis can be considered as an extension of J. Howland’s 1992 paper which dealt with the unweighted case, corresponding to α = 0.
Trismus and reduced quality of life in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, who received post-operative radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy
Authors: Galitis Evangelos , Droukas Vyron , Tzakis Michail , Psarras Vassileios , Galiti Dimitra , Kyrodimos Eythymios , Trichas Miltiadis , Psyrri Amanda , Papadogeorgakis Nikolaos , Kouri Maria , Belli Evelina , Kouloulias Vasileios
Published: November 2017

Background

Patients, who receive radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer, develop chronic functional abnormalities and survive with reduced quality of life.

Purpose

We aimed to study patients with oral cancer, who received post-operative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Patients

Ten patients (mean age 63.8 years) were included.

Methods

Oral mucositis, pain and xerostomia, maximum mouth opening (MMO) and functional abnormalities before and after RT were recorded. The 35 mm MMO or less was accepted as trismus. Patients completed the EORTC QLQ C-30 and Head/Neck35 questionnaires.

Results

Mean RT dose was 64.3 Gray. Six patients received chemoradiotherapy. Severe mucositis, pain and xerostomia were recorded in 6 and 5 patients respectively. MMO was reduced in all patients. The mean MMO (34 mm) reached the level of trismus. The total number of symptoms increased from 3.1 to 6.3 in C-30 and from 3.1 to 8.8 per patient in the H/N35. Severe fatigue, pain, limitations at work, weakness, sad feelings, family problems, sleeping problems, anorexia, financial difficulties, tense/irritable, constipation, nausea, vomiting and depression were most often reported with C-30. Most patients reported low to moderate quality of life. Severe oral, jaw and neck pain, swallowing problems, taste alterations, sticky saliva, dry mouth, coarseness, dental problems, feeling sick and reduced interest in life/sex were the most common symptoms reported with N/H35.

Conclusions

The observed trismus, 2- to 3-fold increase of symptoms and poorer quality of life highlighted the need for support of oral cancer patients, who receive postoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.
Targeting Bruton Tyrosine Kinase: A novel strategy in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R. , Koletsa T. , Lazaridou A. , Goulas A.
Published: November 2017

In normal B-cells, Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling, is essential for cell survival and maturation. Not surprisingly, Btk is also implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphomas, like Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL), Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) and Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia (WM), which are driven by aberrant BCR signalling. Thus, targeting Btk represents a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma patients. Ibrutinib, a selective Btk inhibitor, has already been approved as second-line treatment of CLL/SLL, MCL and WM patients, while more clinical studies of ibrutinib and novel Btk inhibitors are currently under way. In light of results of the RESONATE-2 trial, the approval of ibrutinib as a first-line treatment of CLL/SLL may well be approaching. Herein, we review Btk’s role in normal and malignant BCR signalling, as well as ibrutinib’s performance in B-cell lymphoma treatment and prognosis.
The Role of Genetics in Sporadic GEP-NETs: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Fotopoulos George , Vathiotis Ioannis , Nikou George C. , Syrigos Konstantinos
Published: November 2017

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are composed of a heterogeneous group of malignancies from neuroendocrine cell compartments, with roles in both the endocrine and the nervous system. The majority of NETs are gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) in origin, arising in the foregut, midgut, or hindgut. The genomic landscape of GEP-NETs has been scarcely studied in terms of genomic profiling.The following algorithm was followed using the keywords neuroendocrine, genomics, targeted therapy, personalized medicine, gastroenteropancreatic and NET. The search was performed in PubMed and ScienceDirect database. Our current knowledge of sporadic GEP-NETs genetics must be further advanced to elucidate the molecular basis and pathogenesis of the disease, improve the accuracy of diagnosis, and guide tailor-made therapies.
Epigenetic memory effects in forest trees: a victory of “Michurinian biology”?
Authors: Gömöry Dušan , Hrivnák Matúš , Krajmerová Diana , Longauer Roman
Published: November 2017

The study reviews trait inheritance, which is in contradiction with the rules of Mendelian genetics, and which was object of controversies among biologists (sometimes with grave political consequences) in the USSR and Sovietcontrolled countries in the 1930s-1960s. “Carryover” or “memory” effects of the climate, to which maternal trees are exposed during seed development, on phenological behavior and other adaptively relevant traits of their offspring in conifers are mentioned; similar effects are associated with the germination and early growth environment. Molecular mechanisms underlying these effects include covalent modifications of DNA or DNA-associated proteins (cytosine methylation, various types of histone modifications), micro-RNAs and small interfering RNAs. Tools for the identification of these modifications are reviewed with a focus on cytosine methylation, along with an overview of the hitherto knowledge on the occurrence of DNA modifications in forest trees. The practical implications of epigenetic inheritance in forest trees are discussed with the focus on the adaptation to climate change and legislation on forest reproductive materials.
A random cloud algorithm for the Schrödinger equation
Authors: Kraft Markus , Wagner Wolfgang
Published: November 2017

In this paper we present a numerical scheme for the Random Cloud Model (RCM) on a bounded domain which approximates the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The RCM is formulated as a Markov jump process on a particle number state space. Based on this process a stochastic algorithm is developed. It is shown that the algorithm reproduces the dynamics of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for exact initial conditions on a bounded domain. The algorithm is then tested for two different cases. First, it is shown that the RCM reproduces the analytic solution for a particle in a potential well with infinite potential. Second, the RCM is used to study three cases with finite potential walls. It is found that the potential triggers processes, which produces RCM particles at a high rate that annihilate each other.
Heavily Si-doped InAs photoluminescence measurements
Authors: Grodecki Kacper , Murawski Krzysztof , Henig Aleksandra , Michalczewski Krystian , Benyahia Djalal , Kubiszyn Łukasz , Martyniuk Piotr
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we present experimental results of photoluminescence for series of InAs:Si heavily doped samples, with doping level varying from 1.6 × 1016 cm-3 to 2.93 × 1018 cm-3. All samples were grown using MBE system equipped with a valved arsenic cracker. The measurements were performed in the temperature range of 20 K to 100 K. Although the Mott transition in InAs appears for electron concentrations above 1014 cm-3, Burstein-Moss broadening of photoluminescence spectra presented in this article was observed only for samples with concentration higher than 2 × 1017 cm-3. For the samples with lower concentrations two peaks were observed, arising from the band gap and defect states. The intensity of the defect peak was found to be decreasing with increasing temperature as well as increasing concentration, up to the point of disappearance when the Burstein-Moss broadening was visible.
Medical Students’ Working Preferences - A Pilot Study in Romania
Authors: Marcu Andreea
Published: November 2017

Health workforce migration affects healthcare services from all around the world. This present study hypothesized that: Romanian medical students’ preference of a workplace is based not only on factors such as economical, working conditions and professional development, but also on other factors that are more related to personal values. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 215 medical students from Cluj-Napoca. Students were invited to take part in a career preference questionnaire about: socio-demographic factors, work environment, job characteristics, influence of family and friends and the students’ intention to emigrate. Results show that students would choose a job based on: quality of working conditions, intellectual challenges, job security, the location of job in an urban area, income and a good atmosphere at the workplace. The factors impacting the migration are: quality of working conditions, desire of support from nurses and acceptance of a job even if is far from where the students’ family lives. The results could influence legislation on health and workforce mobility and improve the workforce recruitment, retention and motivation aspects on long-term.
Children born of War and Social Trust – Analysing Consequences of Rejection
Authors: Meckel Andrea , Mochmann Ingvill C. , Voicu Bogdan , Miertsch Martin
Published: November 2017

This article examines the question whether rejection experiences negatively relate to the social trust of Children Born of War (CBOW) and if this connection is mediated by sense of self-worth. CBOW is a group of people born out of relations during war- and post-war times, involving one parent being a foreign soldier, a para-military officer, rebel or other person directly participating in the hostilities, while the other parent is a member of the native population. Also children born to child soldiers and children fathered by members of a peacekeeping troop are included within this group. These children, due to their biological background, often grow up in a surrounding in which they are perceived as child of the enemy. The general hypothesis is that, due to their exposure to rejection experiences by their caregivers as well as by the society, CBOW are less likely to develop trust. It is further assumed that this relationship is mediated by the sense of self-worth. A structural equation model was applied to test the relation using a sample of Norwegian children born of war. Results indicate that CBOW who experience rejection share a lower sense of self-worth, which is further connected to lower trust, whereas no direct association between rejection experiences and trust was found.
Genetic conservation in Parkia biglobosa (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) - what do we know?
Authors: Lompo D. , Vinceti B. , Gaisberger H. , Konrad H. , Duminil J. , Ouedraogo M. , Sina S. , Geburek T.
Published: November 2017

The medicinal and food tree species Parkia biglobosa (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) is widespread in the Sudanian savannahs of sub-Saharan Africa, where it has a strong socio-cultural and economic importance. Populations of this species are highly threatened in large parts of its range due to overexploitation and environmental degradation. In the light of climatic changes, safeguarding the genetic diversity of the species is crucial to foster adaptation and to support its long-term survival. Genetic insight is also relevant to guide sustainable harvesting. This paper has the objective to review information on the species’ geographic distribution, reproductive biology, genetic characteristics and existing conservation practices, and to identify knowledge gaps to orientate future conservation and research focus. The literature review revealed that the species is mainly outcrossed and is pollinated by a diversity of vectors, including bats that allow long-pollen dispersal. When bats are absent, pollination is mainly carried out by honey bees and stingless bees and in such case pollen-mediated gene flow is relatively restricted. Data of a large-scale genetic study based on allozyme markers showing a moderate genetic differentiation among populations were reanalyzed using an inverse distance weighted interpolation function. Three distinctive regions of diversity based on allelic richness and expected heterozygosity were identified. Finally, we discuss future challenges for genetic conservation by emphasizing the need to use both neutral and adaptive markers in future research.
BACKWARD INDUCTION: MERITS AND FLAWS
Authors: Kamiński Marek M.
Published: November 2017

Backward induction (BI) was one of the earliest methods developed for solving finite sequential games with perfect information. It proved to be especially useful in the context of Tom Schelling’s ideas of credible versus incredible threats. BI can be also extended to solve complex games that include an infinite number of actions or an infinite number of periods. However, some more complex empirical or experimental predictions remain dramatically at odds with theoretical predictions obtained by BI. The primary example of such a troublesome game is Centipede. The problems appear in other long games with sufficiently complex structure. BI also shares the problems of subgame perfect equilibrium and fails to eliminate certain unreasonable Nash equilibria.
BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND THE COMMON. HOW GROUPS REACT TO SOCIALLY UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Komendant-Brodowska Agata
Published: November 2017

The aim of the paper is to analyse the relationship between group characteristics and the scope of reaction of the group to socially undesirable behaviour. Sometimes small groups or communities fail to react to undesirable or violent behaviour and their apathy can have devastating consequences. Such a situation can occur among co-workers witnessing workplace mobbing, or neighbours who do not react to a suspicion of domestic violence. Reasons for their inaction are diverse and can include fear, doubts concerning the necessity of such a reaction, and also conformity. In the paper I examine a seemingly favourable situation: I assume that reaction is costless and all the members of the group would like to react (internalised norm), but they also want to conform. In order to analyse the factors that can influence the scope of group reaction, a structurally embedded sequential coordination game was played for different initial conditions. Computer simulations were conducted for networks of a specific type (Erd¨os-R´enyi random graph). The main aim of the analysis was to identify non-structural and structural features of the group that can impede or even block the intervention of the group. There is a positive relationship between the scope of group reaction and the strength of the internalized norm, whereas the level of conformity affects the chances of group intervention in a negative way. Heterogeneity of the group is an important factor - the scope of reaction is higher when members of the group have different levels of norm internalisation and conformity. There is a non-linear relationship between network density and the scope of reaction. Both low and high density can make it harder for people to act.
ADAPTING LEGISLATIVE AGENDA SETTINGMODELS TO PARLIAMENTARY REGIMES: EVIDENCE FROM THE POLISH PARLIAMENT
Authors: Nalepa Monika
Published: November 2017

This paper draws on Cox and McCubbins’ comparison of floor and cartel agenda models and adapts it to the context of multi-party parliamentary regimes with the goal of clarifying some important differences between the legislative consequences of cohesion and discipline, on the one hand, and the effects of agenda setting, on the other. Internal party discipline and/or preference cohesion receives the bulk of emphasis in comparative studies of empirical patterns of legislative behavior, generally without considering the role of the agenda. In a series of stylized models, this paper highlights important differences between having more unified parties and/or coalitions as a result of discipline and/or cohesion and the successful use of agenda control. We show that cohesion or discipline - understood as the ability to achieve voting unity - does not produce the same patterns of legislative behavior as negative agenda control. Data on legislative voting in the Polish Sejm are used to illustrate some points.
A genetically distinct microglial subset promotes myelination
Authors: Bennett Mariko L , Barres Ben A
Published: November 2017

Microglia are brain‐resident macrophages with important, but insufficiently understood functions in development, health, and disease. In a new exciting study, Wlodarczyk and colleagues uncover a transient subset of CD11c+ microglia that regulate CNS myelination via IGF‐1 expression. These findings represent not only the first evidence for a microglial role in myelinogenesis, but the first for a functionally distinct, genetically defined subpopulation of microglia.
Disturbed spermatogenic signaling in pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-deficient mice
Authors: Reglodi D , Cseh S , Somoskoi B , Fulop B D , Szentleleky E , Szegeczki V , Kovacs A , Varga A , Kiss P , Hashimoto H , Tamas A , Bardosi A , Manavalan S , Bako E , Zakany R , Juhasz T
Published: November 2017

PACAP is a neuropeptide with diverse functions in various organs, including reproductive system. It is present in the testis in high concentrations, and in addition to the stage-specific expression within the seminiferous tubules, PACAP affects spermatogenesis and the functions of Leydig and Sertoli cells. Mice lacking endogenous PACAP show reduced fertility, but the possibility of abnormalities in spermatogenic signaling has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we performed a detailed morphological analysis of spermatozoa, sperm motility and investigated signaling pathways that play a role during spermatogenesis in knockout mice. No significant alterations were found in testicular morphology or motility of sperm in homozygous and heterozygous PACAP-deficient mice in spite of the moderately increased number of severely damaged sperms. However, we found robust changes in mRNA and/or protein expression of several factors that play an important role in spermatogenesis. Protein kinase A expression was markedly reduced, while downstream phospho-ERK and p38 were elevated in knockout animals. Expression of major transcription factors, such as Sox9 and phospho-Sox9, was decreased, while that of Sox10, as a redundant factor, was increased in PACAP-deficient mice. The reduced phospho-Sox9 expression was partly due to increased expression and activity of phosphatase PP2A in knockout mice. Targets of Sox transcription factors, such as collagen type IV, were reduced in knockout mice. In summary, our results show that lack of PACAP leads to disturbed signaling in spermatogenesis, which could be a factor responsible for reduced fertility in PACAP knockout mice, and further support the role of PACAP in reproduction.