bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Key Mixture Parameters on Shrinkage of Reactive Powder Concrete
Authors: Ahmad Shamsad , Zubair Ahmed , Maslehuddin Mohammed
Published: June 2014

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) mixtures are reported to have excellent mechanical and durability characteristics. However, such concrete mixtures having high amount of cementitious materials may have high early shrinkage causing cracking of concrete. In the present work, an attempt has been made to study the simultaneous effects of three key mixture parameters on shrinkage of the RPC mixtures. Considering three different levels of the three key mixture factors, a total of 27 mixtures of RPC were prepared according to 33factorial experiment design. The specimens belonging to all 27 mixtures were monitored for shrinkage at different ages over a total period of 90 days. The test results were plotted to observe the variation of shrinkage with time and to see the effects of the key mixture factors. The experimental data pertaining to 90-day shrinkage were used to conduct analysis of variance to identify significance of each factor and to obtain an empirical equation correlating the shrinkage of RPC with the three key mixture factors. The rate of development of shrinkage at early ages was higher. The water to binder ratio was found to be the most prominent factor followed by cement content with the least effect of silica fume content.
Exercise Training, Lymphocyte Subsets and Their Cytokines Production: Experience of an Italian Professional Football Team and Their Impact on Allergy
Authors: Del Giacco Stefano R. , Scorcu Marco , Argiolas Federico , Firinu Davide , Del Giacco G. Sergio
Published: June 2014

Background. In recent years, numerous articles have attempted to shed light on our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise-induced immunologic changes and their impact on allergy and asthma. It is known that lymphocyte subclasses, cytokines, and chemokines show modifications after exercise, but outcomes can be affected by the type of exercise as well as by its intensity and duration. Interesting data have been presented in many recent studies on mouse models, but few studies on humans have been performed to check the long-term effects of exercise over a whole championship season.Methods. This study evaluated lymphocyte subsets and their intracellular IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γproduction in professional football (soccer) players, at three stages of the season, to evaluate if alterations occur, particularly in relation to their allergic status.Results and Conclusion. Despite significant mid-season alterations, no significant lymphocyte subclasses count modifications, except for NKs that were significantly higher, were observed at the end. IL-2 and IL-4 producing cells showed a significant decrease (P=0.018andP=0.001, but in a steady fashion for IL-4), confirming the murine data about the potential beneficial effects of aerobic exercise for allergic asthma.
A QP-Free Algorithm for Finite Minimax Problems
Authors: Han Daolan , Jian Jinbao , Zhang Qinfeng
Published: June 2014

The nonlinear minimax problems without constraints are discussed. Due to the expensive computation for solving QP subproblems with inequality constraints of SQP algorithms, in this paper, a QP-free algorithm which is also called sequential systems of linear equations algorithm is presented. At each iteration, only two systems of linear equations with the same coefficient matrix need to be solved, and the dimension of each subproblem is not of full dimension. The proposed algorithm does not need any penalty parameters and barrier parameters, and it has small computation cost. In addition, the parameters in the proposed algorithm are few, and the stability of the algorithm is well. Convergence property is described and some numerical results are provided.
Adenylyl Cyclase Signaling in the Developing Chick Heart: The Deranging Effect of Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Authors: Hejnova Lucie , Hahnova Klara , Kockova Radka , Svatunkova Jarmila , Sedmera David , Novotny Jiri
Published: June 2014

The adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling system plays a crucial role in the regulation of cardiac contractility. Here we analyzed the key components of myocardial AC signaling in the developing chick embryo and assessed the impact of selectedβ-blocking agents on this system. Application of metoprolol and carvedilol, two commonly usedβ-blockers, at embryonic day (ED) 8 significantly downregulated (by about 40%) expression levels of AC5, the dominant cardiac AC isoform, and the amount of Gsαprotein at ED9. Activity of AC stimulated by forskolin was also significantly reduced under these conditions. Interestingly, when administered at ED4, these drugs did not produce such profound changes in the myocardial AC signaling system, except for markedly increased expression of Giαprotein. These data indicate thatβ-blocking agents can strongly derange AC signaling during the first half of embryonic heart development.
Blood Injury and Injection Phobia: The Neglected One
Authors: Wani Ab Latif , Ara Anjum , Bhat Sajad Ahmad
Published: June 2014

Blood injury and injection (BII) phobia is a unique phobia associated with a diphasic cardiovascular response. The aim of this survey was to report the prevalence of BII phobia, its heritability, and clinical characteristics among the males and females in the Indian subcontinent. An interview and a survey were conducted using a developed BII phobia 21-item questionnaire among 3261 participant males (n=1648) and females (n=1613). Cronbach’ alpha (α) of 0.972 of internal consistency was reported. The prevalence of BII phobia and associated fainting in females was slightly more than double in the males with a significant gender related effect. Similar avoidance behaviours involving hospital visits were reported for both males and females. The relative frequency of BII phobia among first and third degree relatives was found to be higher than among second degree relatives. Depression was found highly comorbid with BII phobia while a low rate of obsessive compulsion disorder (OCD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) was reported. Morbidity associated with BII phobia may increase dramatically when other medical problems coincide with it.
Analyzing Integrated Cost-Schedule Risk for Complex Product Systems R&D Projects
Authors: Xu Zhe , Yu Jing , Li Hongbo
Published: June 2014

The vast majority of the research efforts in project risk management tend to assess cost risk and schedule risk independently. However, project cost and time are related in reality and the relationship between them should be analyzed directly. We propose an integrated cost and schedule risk assessment model for complex product systems R&D projects. Graphical evaluation review technique (GERT), Monte Carlo simulation, and probability distribution theory are utilized to establish the model. In addition, statistical analysis and regression analysis techniques are employed to analyze simulation outputs. Finally, a complex product systems R&D project as an example is modeled by the proposed approach and the simulation outputs are analyzed to illustrate the effectiveness of the risk assessment model. It seems that integrating cost and schedule risk assessment can provide more reliable risk estimation results.
GridLAB-D: An Agent-Based Simulation Framework for Smart Grids
Authors: Chassin David P. , Fuller Jason C. , Djilali Ned
Published: June 2014

Simulation of smart grid technologies requires a fundamentally new approach to integrated modeling of power systems, energy markets, building technologies, and the plethora of other resources and assets that are becoming part of modern electricity production, delivery, and consumption systems. As a result, the US Department of Energy’s Office of Electricity commissioned the development of a new type of power system simulation tool called GridLAB-D that uses an agent-based approach to simulating smart grids. This paper presents the numerical methods and approach to time-series simulation used by GridLAB-D and reviews applications in power system studies, market design, building control system design, and integration of wind power in a smart grid.
Antibodies in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension
Authors: Chan Christopher T. , Lieu Maggie , Toh Ban-Hock , Kyaw Tin S. , Bobik Alexander , Sobey Christopher G. , Drummond Grant R.
Published: June 2014

It has long been known that circulating levels of IgG and IgM antibodies are elevated in patients with essential and pregnancy-related hypertension. Recent studies indicate these antibodies target, and in many cases activate, G-protein coupled receptors and ion channels. Prominent among these protein targets are AT1receptors,α1-adrenoceptors,β1-adrenoceptors, and L-type voltage operated Ca2+channels, all of which are known to play key roles in the regulation of blood pressure through modulation of vascular tone, cardiac output, and/or Na+/water reabsorption in the kidneys. This suggests that elevated antibody production may be a causal mechanism in at least some cases of hypertension. In this brief review, we will further describe the protein targets of the antibodies that are elevated in individuals with essential and pregnancy-related hypertension and the likely pathophysiological consequences of antibody binding to these targets. We will speculate on the potential mechanisms that underlie elevated antibody levels in hypertensive individuals and, finally, we will outline the therapeutic opportunities that could arise with a better understanding of how and why antibodies are produced in hypertension.
Finite Element Simulation of the Vibration Provided by Sandwich Rigid Panel with a Resilient Material In Between under Heavyweight Impact
Authors: Hwang Shun-Fa , Chen Chao-Wen , Chung Sung-Chin , Tsay Yaw-Shyan
Published: June 2014

The purpose of the present work is to use an explicit finite element code to model the impact behavior of a heavyweight impact source like rubber ball and to predict the floor impact vibration of resilient materials, which are used in the floor coverings construction for sound insulation. To simulate the impact force of rubber balls, the hyperviscoelastic rubber model is applied. Then, this rubber model is used in the simulation for the impact vibration of resilient materials. The results indicate that the hyperviscoelastic rubber model could precisely simulate the impact force of rubber balls, as its two parameters are properly chosen according to the desired impact force. Also, the present model could capture the impact and vibration behavior of the considered materials and reasonably evaluate the insulation effect of resilient materials.
Implementation and Test of a LED-Based Lamp for a Lighthouse
Authors: Mercatelli Luca , Jafrancesco David , Francini Franco , Fontani Daniela , Sani Elisa , Coraggia Stefano , Meucci Marco , Sansoni Paola
Published: June 2014

A novel sustainable source was developed for an existing Italian lighthouse, exploiting the light emitting diode (LED) technology and the norms evolution. The research work started with the optical design of the device, while this work concerns the realization, installation, and test of the new LED lamp. The lamp recombines multiple separated LEDs, realizing a quasipunctual localized source. After installation in the lighthouse, specific photometric tests verified that the proposed power-saving source satisfied the illumination requirements of the marine signaling norms. The advantages of the LED-based lamp are reduced energy consumption, enhanced efficiency, longer life, decreased faults, slower aging, and lower maintenance costs. The obtained LED signalling device is more durable and reliable. In the future the application of these power-saving long-life sources could be extended to other maritime signaling devices or to other traffic signs.
Neuropeptide Substance P Improves Osteoblastic and Angiogenic Differentiation Capacity of Bone Marrow Stem CellsIn Vitro
Authors: Fu Su , Mei Gang , Wang Zhao , Zou Zhen-Lv , Liu Song , Pei Guo-Xian , Bi Long , Jin Dan
Published: June 2014

Our previous work showed that implanting a sensory nerve or vascular bundle when constructing vascularized and neurotized bone could promote bone osteogenesis in tissue engineering. This phenomenon could be explained by the regulatory function of neuropeptides. Neuropeptide substance P (SP) has been demonstrated to contribute to bone growth by stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). However, there have been no prior studies on the association between Wnt signaling and the mechanism of SP in the context of BMSC differentiation. Our results have shown that SP could enhance the differentiation of BMSCs by activating gene and protein expression via the Wnt pathway and by translocatingβ-catenin, which can be inhibited by Wnt signaling blocker treatment or by the NK-1 antagonist. SP could also increase the growth factor level of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Additionally, SP could enhance the migration ability of BMSCs, and the promotion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by SP has been studied. In conclusion, SP could induce osteoblastic differentiation via the Wnt pathway and promote the angiogenic ability of BMSCs. These results indicate that a vascularized and neurotized tissue-engineered construct could be feasible for use in bone tissue engineering strategies.
A Rough Set-Based Effective State Identification Method of Multisensor Tool Condition Monitoring System
Authors: Xie Nan , Chen Lin , Zheng Beirong , Liu Xinfang
Published: June 2014

Multisensor improves the accuracy of machine tool condition monitoring system, which provides the critical feedback information to the manufacture process controller. Multisensor monitoring system needs to collect abundant data to employ attribute extraction, election, reduction, and classification to form the decision knowledge. A machine tool condition monitoring system has been built and the method of tool condition decision knowledge discovery is also presented. Multiple sensors include vibration, force, acoustic emission, and main spindle current. The novel approach engages rough theory as a knowledge extraction tool to work on the data that are obtained from both multisensor and machining parameters and then extracts a set of minimal state identification rules encoding the preference pattern of decision making by domain experts. By means of the knowledge acquired, the tool conditions are identified. A case study is presented to illustrate that the approach produces effective and minimal rules and provides satisfactory accuracy.
An Improved Fast Flocking Algorithm with Obstacle Avoidance for Multiagent Dynamic Systems
Authors: Wang Jialiang , Zhao Hai , Bi Yuanguo , Shao Shiliang , Liu Qian , Chen Xingchi , Zeng Ruofan , Wang Yu , Ha Le
Published: June 2014

Flocking behavior is a common phenomenon in nature, such as flocks of birds and groups of fish. In order to make the agents effectively avoid obstacles and fast form flocking towards the direction of destination point, this paper proposes a fast multiagent obstacle avoidance (FMOA) algorithm. FMOA is illustrated based on the status of whether the flocking has formed. If flocking has not formed, agents should avoid the obstacles toward the direction of target. If otherwise, these agents have reached the state of lattice and then these agents only need to avoid the obstacles and ignore the direction of target. The experimental results show that the proposed FMOA algorithm has better performance in terms of flocking path length. Furthermore, the proposed FMOA algorithm is applied to the formation flying of quad-rotor helicopters. Compared with other technologies to perform the localization of quad-rotor helicopter, this paper innovatively constructs a smart environment by deploying some wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes using the proposed localization algorithm. Finally, the proposed FMOA algorithm is used to conduct the formation flying of these quad-rotor helicopters in the smart environment.
A Systematic Methodology for Multi‐Images Encryption and Decryption Based on Single Chaotic System and FPGA Embedded Implementation
Authors: Zheng Hanzhong , Yu Simin , Xu Xiangqian
Published: June 2014

A systematic methodology is developed for multi‐images encryption and decryption and field programmable gate array (FPGA) embedded implementation by using single discrete time chaotic system. To overcome the traditional limitations that a chaotic system can only encrypt or decrypt one image, this paper initiates a new approach to design n‐dimensional (n‐D) discrete time chaotic controlled systems via some variables anticontrol, which can achieve multipath drive‐response synchronization. To that end, the designed n‐dimensional discrete time chaotic controlled systems are used for multi‐images encryption and decryption. A generalized design principle and the corresponding implementation steps are also given. Based on the FPGA embedded hardware system working platform with XUP Virtex‐II type, a chaotic secure communication system for three digital color images encryption and decryption by using a 7D discrete time chaotic system is designed, and the related system design and hardware implementation results are demonstrated, with the related mathematical problems analyzed.
Evolutionary Game Theoretic Modeling and Repetition of Media Distributed Shared in P2P-Based VANET
Authors: Wu Di , Liu He , Bi Yingrong , Zhu Hongsong
Published: June 2014

A significant challenge in vehicular networks is to efficiently provide multimedia services with the constraints of limited resources, high mobility, opportunistic contact, and service time requirements. In order to guarantee the vehicle user satisfaction of multimedia service, with the proliferation of the distributed peer-to-peer (P2P) cooperative transmission technologies, P2P-based VANET has recently received a substantial amount of interest. Using the P2P services thought and at the same time, a set of methods should be designed to avoid the disadvantage of P2P system appearing in VANET. Under such a presupposition, in this paper, we study the media provisions in P2P-based VANET and present a repeated game “More Pay for More Work (RGMPMW)” incentive mechanism based on service evaluation information. We also propose evolutionary game-based veracity (EGV) game model which exploits evolutionary game to guarantee the multimedia service share veracity of all vehicles in VANET. In addition, we provide extensive simulation results that demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed schemes.
Realized Jump Risk and Equity Return in China
Authors: Chen Guojin , Liu Xiaoqun , Hsieh Peilin , Zhao Xiangqin
Published: June 2014

We utilize the realized jump components to explore a new jump (including nonsystematic jump and systematic jump) risk factor model. After estimating daily realized jumps from high-frequency transaction data of the Chinese A-share stocks, we calculate monthly jump size, monthly jump standard deviation, and monthly jump arrival rate and then use those monthly jump factors to explain the return of the following month. Our empirical results show that the jump tail risk can explain the equity return. For the large capital-size stocks, large cap stock portfolios, and index, one-month lagged jump risk factor significantly explains the asset return variation. Our results remain the same even when we add the size and value factors in the robustness tests.
Optical and Structural Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by CO2 Microwave Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Chun Se Min , Choi Dae Hyun , Park Jong Bae , Hong Yong Cheol
Published: June 2014

The results of carbon-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by CO2 microwave plasma at atmospheric pressure are presented. The 2.45-GHz microwave plasma torch and feeder for injecting Zn granules are used in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The Zn granules (13.5 g/min) were introduced into the microwave plasma by CO2 (5 l/min) swirl gas. The microwave power delivered to the CO2 microwave plasma was 1 kW. The synthesis of carbon-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out in accordance with CO2 + Zn → carbon-doped ZnO + CO. The synthesized carbon-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles have a high purity hexagonal phase. The absorption edge of carbon-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited a red shift from a high-energy wavelength to lower in the UV-visible spectrum, due to band gap narrowing. A UV-NIR spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, emission scanning electron-microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer were used for the characterization of the as-produced products.
Mosquito Larvicidal Constituents from the Ethanol Extract ofInula racemosaHook. f. Roots againstAedes albopictus
Authors: He Qing , Liu Xin Chao , Sun Rui Qi , Deng Zhi Wei , Du Shu Shan , Liu Zhi Long
Published: June 2014

The aim of this research was to determine larvicidal activity of the ethanol extract ofInula racemosaHook. f. (Compositae) roots against the larvae of the Culicidae mosquitoAedes albopictusand to isolate any larvicidal constituents from the extract. Based on bioactivity-guided fractionation, 11,13-dihydroisoalantolactone (1), macrophyllilactone E (2), 5α-epoxyalantolactone (3), and epoxyisoalantolactone (4) were isolated and identified as the active constituents. Compounds1and2exhibited strong larvicidal activity against the early fourth-instar larvae ofA. albopictuswith LC50values of 21.86 μg/mL and 18.65 μg/mL, respectively, while the ethanol extract had a LC50value of 25.23 μg/mL. Compounds3and4also possessed larvicidal activity against the Asian tiger mosquitoes with LC50values of 29.37 μg/mL and 35.13 μg/mL, respectively. The results indicated that the ethanol extract ofI. racemosaand the four isolated constituents have potential for use in the control ofA. albopictuslarvae and could be useful in the search of newer, safer, and more effective natural compounds as larvicides.
Differential Profile of Ultrasound Findings Associated with Malignancy in Mixed and Solid Thyroid Nodules in an Elderly Female Population
Authors: Vera María Inés , Meroño Tomás , Urrutia María Agustina , Parisi Carina , Morosan Yanina , Rosmarin Melanie , Schnitman Marta , Brites Fernando , Grisendi Silvio , Serrano María Sol , Luciani Wilfredo , Serrano Leonardo , Zuk Carlos , De Barrio Guillermo , Cejas Claudia , Faingold María Cristina , Brenta Gabriela
Published: June 2014

Objective.Ultrasonographic characteristics are associated with thyroid malignancy. Our aim was to compare the diagnostic value of ultrasound features in the detection of thyroid malignancy in both solid and mixed nodules.Methods.We prospectively studied female patients (≥50 years) referred to ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. Ultrasound features considered suspicious were hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, irregular margins, high anteroposterior (AP)/axial-ratio, and absent halo. Associations were separately assessed in mixed and solid nodules.Results.In a group of 504 elderly female patients (age = 69±8years), the frequency of malignant cytology was 6%. Thirty-one percent of nodules were mixed and 60% were solid. The rate of malignant cytology was similar for mixed and solid nodules (7.4 versus 5.8%,P: 0.56). While in mixed nodules none of the ultrasound characteristics were associated with malignant cytology, in solid nodules irregular margins and microcalcifications were significant (allP<0.05). The combination of irregular margins and/or microcalcifications significantly increased the association with malignant cytology only in solid nodules (OR: 2.76 (95% CI: 1.25–6.10),P: 0.012).Conclusions.Ultrasound features were of poor diagnostic value in mixed nodules, which harbored malignant lesions as often as solid nodules. Our findings challenge the recommended minimal size for ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in mixed nodules.
Numerical Solution for Elliptic Interface Problems Using Spectral Element Collocation Method
Authors: Hessari Peyman , Kim Sang Dong , Shin Byeong-Chun
Published: June 2014

The aim of this paper is to solve an elliptic interface problem with a discontinuous coefficient and a singular source term by the spectral collocation method. First, we develop an algorithm for the elliptic interface problem defined in a rectangular domain with a line interface. By using the Gordon-Hall transformation, we generalize it to a domain with a curve boundary and a curve interface. The spectral element collocation method is then employed to complex geometries; that is, we decompose the domain into some nonoverlaping subdomains and the spectral collocation solution is sought in each subdomain. We give some numerical experiments to show efficiency of our algorithm and its spectral convergence.
Reducing Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Disparities: Performance and Outcomes of a Screening Colonoscopy Program in South Carolina
Authors: Xirasagar Sudha , Li Yi-Jhen , Burch James B. , Daguisé Virginie G. , Hurley Thomas G. , Hébert James R.
Published: June 2014

This study evaluated the efficiency, effectiveness, and racial disparities reduction potential of Screening Colonoscopies for People Everywhere in South Carolina (SCOPE SC), a state-funded program for indigent persons aged 50–64 years (45–64 years for African American (AA)) with a medical home in community health centers. Patients were referred to existing referral network providers, and the centers were compensated for patient navigation. Data on procedures and patient demographics were analyzed. Of 782 individuals recruited (71.2% AA), 85% (665) completed the procedure (71.1% AA). The adenoma detection rate was 27.8% (males 34.6% and females 25.1%), advanced neoplasm rate 7.7% (including 3 cancers), cecum intubation rate 98.9%, inadequate bowel preparation rate 7.9%, and adverse event rate 0.9%. All indicators met the national quality benchmarks. The adenoma rate of 26.0% among AAs aged 45–49 years was similar to that of older Whites and AAs. We found that patient navigation and a medical home setting resulted in a successful and high-quality screening program. The observed high adenoma rate among younger AAs calls for more research with larger cohorts to evaluate the appropriateness of the current screening guidelines for AAs, given that they suffer 47% higher colorectal cancer mortality than Whites.
Fault Feature Analysis of a Cracked Gear Coupled Rotor System
Authors: Ma Hui , Song Rongze , Pang Xu , Wen Bangchun
Published: June 2014

Considering the misalignment of gear root circle and base circle and accurate transition curve, an improved mesh stiffness model for healthy gear is proposed, and it is validated by comparison with the finite element method. On the basis of the improved method, a mesh stiffness model for a cracked gear pair is built. Then a finite element model of a cracked gear coupled rotor system in a one‐stage reduction gear box is established. The effects of crack depth, width, initial position, and crack propagation direction on gear mesh stiffness, fault features in time domain and frequency domain, and statistical indicators are investigated. Moreover, fault features are also validated by experiment. The results show that the improved mesh stiffness model is more accurate than the traditional mesh stiffness model. When the tooth root crack appears, distinct impulses are found in time domain vibration responses, and sidebands appear in frequency domain. Amplitudes of all the statistical indicators ascend gradually with the growth of crack depth and width, decrease with the increasing crack initial position angle, and firstly increase and then decrease with the growth of propagation direction angle.
AnIn VivoMicrodialysis Study of FLZ Penetration through the Blood-Brain Barrier in Normal and 6-Hydroxydopamine Induced Parkinson’s Disease Model Rats
Authors: Hou Jinfeng , Liu Qian , Li Yingfei , Sun Hua , Zhang Jinlan
Published: June 2014

FLZ (N-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-(2,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-acrylamide) is a novel synthetic squamosamide derivative and a potential anti-Parkinson’s disease (PD) agent. The objective of the present study was to investigate the penetration of free FLZ across the BBB and the effects of P-gp inhibition on FLZ transport in normal and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced PD model rats.In vivomicrodialysis was used to collect FLZ containing brain and blood dialysates following intravenous (i.v.) drug administration either with or without pretreatment with the specific P-gp inhibitor, zosuquidar trihydrochloride (zosuquidar·3HCl). A sensitive, rapid, and reliable ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technique was developed and validated to quantitate free FLZ levels in the dialysates. No significant differences were observed in the brain/blood FLZ area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) ratio between normal and PD model rats. However, pretreatment with zosuquidar·3HCl markedly increased the AUC ratio in both rat models. In addition, FLZ penetration was similar in zosuquidar·3HCl-pretreated normal and PD rats. These results suggest that P-gp inhibition increases BBB permeability to FLZ, thereby supporting the hypothesis that P-gp normally restricts FLZ transfer to the brain. These findings could provide reference data for future clinical trials and may aid investigation of the BBB permeability of other CNS-active substances.
Survey of Direct Transcription for Low-Thrust Space Trajectory Optimization with Applications
Authors: Topputo F. , Zhang C.
Published: June 2014

Space trajectory design is usually addressed as an optimal control problem. Although it relies on the classic theory of optimal control, this branch possesses some peculiarities that led to the development of ad hoc techniques, which can be grouped into two categories: direct and indirect methods. This paper gives an overview of the principal techniques belonging to the direct methods. The technique known as “direct transcription and collocation” is illustrated by considering Hermite-Simpson, high-order Gauss-Lobatto, and pseudospectral methods. Practical examples are given, and several hints to improve efficiency and robustness are implemented.
Spatial Behavior of a Coupled System of Wave-Plate Type
Authors: Tang Gusheng , Liu Yan , Liao Wenhui
Published: June 2014

The spatial behavior of a coupled system of wave-plate type is studied. We get the alternative results of Phragmén-Lindelöf type in terms of an area measure of the amplitude in question based on a first-order differential inequality. We also get the spatial decay estimates based on a second-order differential inequality.
Development and Characterization ofIn SituOral Gel of Spiramycin
Authors: Sharma Avinash , Sharma Jyoti , Kaur Rupinder , Saini Vinay
Published: June 2014

The present investigation deals with the optimization, formulation, and characterization of oralin situgel of spiramycin. Sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were used as cross-linking and viscosifying agents, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate was used as a floating agent. In preformulation studies, the melting point, pH, and partition coefficient were found to be 133°C, 9.5, and 0.193, respectively. The drug had retention time at around 2.65 minutes in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). During compatibility studies of drug with all polymers, we observed that there were no changes in the FTIR spectra of a mixture of drug and polymers. All the formulations showed good pourability. Floating time and total floating time were~30 sec and >12 hours, respectively. Duringin vitrodrug release studies, the drug was released from the formulation around 80–100% for 12–16 hrs. In TEM analysis, we found that the drug molecules were well entrapped in the polymer and the drug was released slowly for up to 12 hrs. In these studies, we found that the concentration of sodium alginate and HPMC had significant influence on floating lag time, gelling capacity, and cumulative percentage drug release. During antimicrobial studies, we found that the formulation containing spiramycin showed good zone of inhibition against different microbial strains (Staphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli).
Preparation and Characterization of Latex Particles as Potential Physical Shale Stabilizer in Water-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: Liu Junyi , Qiu Zhengsong , Huang Wei’an , Song Dingding , Bao Dan
Published: June 2014

The poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate) latex particles as potential physical shale stabilizer were successfully synthesized with potassium persulfate as an initiator in isopropanol-water medium. The synthesized latex particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), particle size distribution measurement (PSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). FT-IR and TGA analysis confirmed that the latex particles were prepared by polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate and maintained good thermal stability. TEM and PSD analysis indicated that the spherical latex particles possessed unimodal distribution from 80 nm to 345 nm with the D90 value of 276 nm. The factors influencing particle size distribution (PSD) of latex particles were also discussed in detail. The interaction between latex particles and natural shale cores was investigated quantitatively via pore pressure transmission tests. The results indicated that the latex particles as potential physical shale stabilizer could be deformable to bridge and seal the nanopores and microfractures of shale to reduce the shale permeability and prevent pore pressure transmission. What is more, the latex particles as potential physical shale stabilizer work synergistically with chemical shale stabilizer to impart superior shale stability.
Signal Feature Extraction and Quantitative Evaluation of Metal Magnetic Memory Testing for Oil Well Casing Based on Data Preprocessing Technique
Authors: Liu Zhilin , Liu Lutao , Zhang Jun
Published: June 2014

Metal magnetic memory (MMM) technique is an effective method to achieve the detection of stress concentration (SC) zone for oil well casing. It can provide an early diagnosis of microdamages for preventive protection. MMM is a natural space domain signal which is weak and vulnerable to noise interference. So, it is difficult to achieve effective feature extraction of MMM signal especially under the hostile subsurface environment of high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, and multiple interfering sources. In this paper, a method of median filter preprocessing based on data preprocessing technique is proposed to eliminate the outliers point of MMM. And, based on wavelet transform (WT), the adaptive wavelet denoising method and data smoothing arithmetic are applied in testing the system of MMM. By using data preprocessing technique, the data are reserved and the noises of the signal are reduced. Therefore, the correct localization of SC zone can be achieved. In the meantime, characteristic parameters in new diagnostic approach are put forward to ensure the reliable determination of casing danger level through least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) and nonlinear quantitative mapping relationship. The effectiveness and feasibility of this method are verified through experiments.
Numerical Analysis of Eccentrically Loaded Cold-Formed Plain Channel Columns
Authors: Nivethitha A. P. , Vani G. , Jayabalan P.
Published: June 2014

Finite element analysis of pinned cold-formed plain channel columns of different width-to-thickness ratios is presented in this paper. The study is focused not only on axially loaded columns, but also on eccentrically loaded columns. The general purpose finite element software ABAQUS 6.12 was used, and the force controlled loading was adopted. Geometric and material nonlinearities were incorporated in the finite element model. The ultimate loads are compared with the direct strength method (DSM) for axially loaded columns. Also, a parametric study is done by varying the length of the column and width of the unstiffened element. It is observed that the results correlate better with the DSM values for columns having unstiffened elements of lower bf/t ratios. The change in ultimate load is studied only in ABAQUS, as the position of load moves towards the free edge and the supported edge of the unstiffened element. A parametric study is done by varying the nonuniform compression factor for the columns. It is observed that the ultimate load increases as the position of load moves towards the supported edge and it is influenced by the bf/t ratio of the unstiffened element.
Negative Emotions in Migraineurs Dreams: The Increased Prevalence of Oneiric Fear and Anguish, Unrelated to Mood Disorders
Authors: De Angeli F. , Lovati C. , Giani L. , Mariotti D'Alessandro C. , Raimondi E. , Scaglione V. , Castoldi D. , Capiluppi E. , Mariani C.
Published: June 2014

Background. Migraineurs brain has shown some functional peculiarities that reflect not only in phonophobia, and photophobia, but also in mood and sleep. Dreaming is a universal mental state characterized by hallucinatory features in which imagery, emotion, motor skills, and memory are created de novo. We evaluated dream contents and associated emotions in migraineurs.Materials and Methods. 412 subjects: 219 controls; and 148 migraineurs (66 with aura, MA; 82 without aura, MO), and 45 tension type headache patients (TTH). A semistructured retrospective self-reported questionnaire was used to evaluate dreams. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were administered to evaluate anxiety and depression.Results. Migraineurs showed increased levels of anxiety (P=0.0002for MA versus controls,P=0.004for MO versus controls). Fear and anguish during dreaming were more frequently reported by migraine patients compared to controls, independently by anxiety and depression scores.Discussion. The brain of migraineurs seems to dream with some peculiar features, all with a negative connotation, as fear and anguish. It may be due to the recorded negative sensations induced by recurrent migraine pain, but it may just reflect a peculiar attitude of the mesolimbic structures of migraineurs brain, activated in both dreaming and migraine attacks.
The Regulatory Role of Activating Transcription Factor 2 in Inflammation
Authors: Yu Tao , Li Yong Jun , Bian Ai Hong , Zuo Hui Bin , Zhu Ti Wen , Ji Sheng Xiang , Kong Fanming , Yin De Qing , Wang Chuan Bao , Wang Zi Fu , Wang Hong Qun , Yang Yanyan , Yoo Byong Chul , Cho Jae Youl
Published: June 2014

Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins and is widely distributed in tissues including the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney. Like c-Jun and c-Fos, ATF2 responds to stress-related stimuli and may thereby influence cell proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, oncogenesis, neurological development and function, and skeletal remodeling. Recent studies clarify the regulatory role of ATF2 in inflammation and describe potential inhibitors of this protein. In this paper, we summarize the properties and functions of ATF2 and explore potential applications of ATF2 inhibitors as tools for research and for the development of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Hollow Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles for Efficient Ultrasound‐Based Imaging and Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Qian Xiaoqin , Wang Wenping , Kong Wentao , Chen Yu
Published: June 2014

A novel anticancer drug delivery system with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound‐imaging performance was synthesized by a typical hard‐templating method using monodispersed silica nanoparticles as the templates, which was based on unique molecularly organic/inorganic hybrid hollow periodic mesoporous organosilicas (HPMOs). The highly dispersed HPMOs show the uniform spherical morphology, large hollow interior, and well‐defined mesoporous structures, which are very beneficial for ultrasound‐based theranostics. The obtained HPMOs exhibit excellent performances in contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography both in vitro and in vivo and can be used for the real‐time determination of the progress of lesion tissues during the chemotherapeutic process. Importantly, hydrophobic paclitaxel‐ (PTX‐) loaded HPMOs combined with ultrasound irradiation show fast ultrasound responsiveness for controlled drug release and higher in vitro and in vivo tumor inhibition rates compared with free PTX and PTX‐loaded HPMOs, which is due to the enhanced ultrasound‐triggered drug release and ultrasound‐induced cavitation effect. Therefore, the achieved novel HPMOs‐based nanoparticle systems will find broad application potentials in clinically ultrasound‐based imaging and auxiliary tumor chemotherapy.
Polarization-Sensitive Multimodal Imaging for Detecting Breast Cancer
Authors: Patel Rakesh , Khan Ashraf , Quinlan Robert , Yaroslavsky Anna N.
Published: June 2014

Intraoperative delineation of breast cancer is a significant problem in surgical oncology. A reliable method for demarcation of malignant breast tissue during surgery would reduce the re-excision rate due to positive margins. We present a novel method of identifying breast cancer margins using combined dye-enhanced wide-field fluorescence polarization imaging for en face cancer margins and polarization-sensitive (PS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for cross-sectional evaluation. Tumor specimens were collected following breast surgery, stained with methylene blue, and imaged. Wide-field fluorescence polarization images were excited at 640 nm and registered between 660 and 750 nm. Standard and PS OCT images were acquired using a commercial 1,310-nm swept-source system. The imaging results were validated against histopathology. Statistically significant higher fluorescence polarization of cancer as compared with both normal and fibrocystic tumor tissue was measured in all the samples. Fluorescence polarization delineated lateral breast cancer margins with contrast superior to that provided by OCT. However, OCT complemented fluorescence polarization imaging by facilitating cross-sectional inspection of tissue. PS OCT yielded higher contrast between cancer and connective tissue, as compared with standard OCT. Combined PS OCT and fluorescence polarization imaging shows promise for intraoperative delineation of breast cancer. Cancer Res; 74(17); 4685–93. ©2014 AACR.
IL-1β-Mediated Repression of microRNA-101 Is Crucial for Inflammation-Promoted Lung Tumorigenesis
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Ling-Fei , Wu Jing , Xu Shu-Jun , Xu Yang-Yang , Li Dangsheng , Lou Jia-Tao , Liu Mo-Fang
Published: June 2014

Inflammatory stimuli clearly contribute to lung cancer development and progression, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. We found that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is dramatically elevated in the serum of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In vitro studies showed that IL-1β promoted the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, IL-1β acted through the COX2–HIF1α pathway to repress the expression of microRNA-101 (miR-101), a microRNA with an established role in tumor suppression. Lin28B was identified as critical effector target of miR-101 with its repression of Lin28B, a critical aspect of tumor suppression. Overall, IL-1β upregulated Lin28B by downregulating miR-101. Interestingly, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by aspirin or celecoxib abrogated IL-1β-mediated repression of miR-101 and IL-1β-mediated activation of Lin28B along with their stimulatory effects on NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. Together, our findings defined an IL-1β–miR-101–Lin28B pathway as a novel regulatory axis of pathogenic inflammatory signaling in NSCLC. Cancer Res; 74(17); 4720–30. ©2014 AACR.
Decreased Expression of miR216a Contributes to Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Wang Ren-Tao , Xu Meng , Xu Cheng-Xiong , Song Zhi-Gang , Jin Hua
Published: June 2014

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate the role and mechanism of miR216a in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Experimental Design: The expression of miR216a in NSCLC cell lines and from NSCLC patient specimens was measured by real-time qRT-PCR. The correlation between gene expression and patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods. The effects of miR216a on NSCLC cell growth and metastasis were examined both in vitro and in vivo by overexpressing or inhibiting miR216a. Finally, the effect of miR216a on chemoresistance was investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry.

Results: miR216a expression was downregulated in specimens from patients with NSCLC compared with corresponding nontumor lung tissues. Clinical data indicate that decreased miR216a expression is inversely correlated with cancer stage, metastasis, and poor survival in patients with NSCLC. Our data also show that overexpression of miR216a suppresses NSCLC cell growth and metastasis, and enhances cisplatin-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of miR216a stimulates NSCLC cell growth and metastasis, and suppresses cisplatin-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that miR216a exerts its role by directly targeting eIF4B and ZEB1.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that miR216a is a cancer suppressor miRNA and that overexpression of miR216a is a novel NSCLC treatment strategy. In addition, our clinical data indicate that miR216a may be a useful biomarker for predicting NSCLC progression. Clin Cancer Res; 20(17); 4705–16. ©2014 AACR.