bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN DI KB DEWI SARTIKA DESA BATU MAK JAGE KABUPATEN SAMBAS
Authors: Suratman Bayu Bayu
Published: February 2020

Abstrak: Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan pendidikan karakter melalui pembelajaran di KB Dewi Sartika Desa Batu Mak Jage Kecamatan Tebas Kabupaten Sambas Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Berdasarkan penelitian yang penulis lakukan pendidikan karakter yang ditanamkan oleh guru berdasarkan sosial masyarakat dan kondisi lingkungan tempat tinggal siswa. Siswa yang ada di KB Dewi Sartika terdiri dari suku yaitu, Melayu dan Dayak. Penanaman nilai-nilai karakter oleh guru dilakukan melalui pembelajaran yang diberikan. Artikel ini ditulis secara deskriptif dan berangkat dari penelitian kualitatif yang penulis lakukan, berdasarkan pengamatan dan wawancara yang dilakukan kepada guru di KB Dewi Sartika Desa Batu Mak Jage.Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Karakter, KB Dewi Sartika Abstract: This paper describers character through learning at KB Dewi Sartika Batu Mak Jage Village, Tebas district, Sambas regency, west Kalimantan province. Based on research that the authors did, character education that was instilled by the teacher was based on the community’s social and environmental condition where the students lived. Student in KB Dewi Sartika consisof tribes namely, Malay and Dayak. Planting character values vy the teacher is done through learning that is given. This article was written descriptively and departed from the qualitative research that the author did, based on the equipment and interviews carried out the teacher at KB Dewi Sartika, Batu Mak Jage Village.Keywords: Character Education, KB Dewi Sartika
Pengembangan Kemandirian Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Dharmawanita Tunas Harapan
Authors: Silranti Malia
Published: February 2020

This study was aimed at describing development of the independence of children aged 5-6 year in  TK Dharmawanita Tunas Harapan kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. The research method is used  a qualitative descriptive. Thedata  were  gained  through  conducting  interviews,  observation  and  documentation.   The  data  were  then  analyzed using interactive model of data analysis from Miles and Huberman. The data was analyzed  by using triangulation  technique through collection data, reduction,  display, and verification. From the result research showed that development of independence refers to the curiculum. The learning method used by the teacher in developing independence is the method of habituation, conversing, question answer, playing and giving assignments. But in planning it is not clerly described the development of children’s independence.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Guru PAUD tentang Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Noviana Dwi , Nisa’ Titin Faridatun , Karim Muhammad Busyro
Published: February 2020

This quantitative-descriptive research describes knowledge level of Early Childhood Education teachers about 2013 curriculum in whole Pademawu kindergartens, Pamekasan regency. Requirement analysis tests use kolomogorov-smirnov normality test. The sample is taken by nonprobability sampling and purposive sampling, involving 73 Early Childhood Education teachers. Technique of collecting data are objective test in the form of true or false (T-F), interview, and documentation. Based on analysis, H0 is denied and Ha is accepted in hypothesis test. Based on the findings, the knowledge level about 2013 curriculum in whole Pademawu kindergarten, Pamekasan is well, 87.71%. Finding on remembering factor (C1) showed most of them were categorized well, 94.38%; understanding (C2) categorized well, 85.57%; and applying (C3) categorized well, 70.37%. It can be concluded the knowledge level of the teachers about 2013 curriculum is well.
Acceptability and Appropriateness of a Perinatal Depression Preventive Group Intervention: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Diebold Alicia , Segovia Melissa , Johnson Jessica K. , Degillio Aria , Zakieh Dana , Park Hee Jin , Lim Kenneth , Tandon S. Darius
Published: February 2020

Background: Perinatal depression is a prevalent public health concern. Although preventive interventions exist, there is limited literature on the acceptability and appropriateness of these interventions, especially those delivered by paraprofessionals. The Mothers and Babies Program (MB) is a group-based perinatal depression preventive intervention delivered prenatally. A cluster-randomized controlled trial examined the acceptability, appropriateness, and effectiveness of MB delivered by mental health professionals compared to paraprofessional staff from home visiting programs.Methods: The full study enrolled 874 pregnant women. Fifty-three facilitators were trained and delivered the MB intervention to women in one of seven states in the United States. Semi-structured interviews were attempted with a randomly-selected subset of the full sample of pregnant women who received the MB intervention and with all facilitators. Specifically, interviews were conducted with 88 women who received the MB group intervention (45 in the paraprofessional-led arm and 43 in the mental health professional-led arm) and 46 women who facilitated the groups (27 home visiting staff and 19 mental health professionals). Interviews were conducted over the phone in English or Spanish and audio recorded. The recordings were translated into English, as needed, and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVIVO to identify key themes related to intervention acceptability and appropriateness. Similarities and differences between study arms were explored.Results: Clients and facilitators found the MB content and group format acceptable. Challenges included maintaining group attendance, transportation issues, and managing group discussion. Overall, facilitators found the intervention appropriate for pregnant clients with some challenges presented for clients in crisis situations, experiencing housing instability, and with literacy and learning challenges. Participants provided suggestions for improvement, both for the course content and implementation. There were no significant differences found between study arms. Conclusions: Overall, clients and facilitators enjoyed MB irrespective of study arm, and facilitators found the intervention appropriate for the population. These findings add to the qualitative literature on perinatal depression preventive interventions, specifically those delivered by paraprofessionals. Trial Registration: This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Initial post: December 1, 2016; identifier: NCT02979444; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02979444).
A large-scale comparative study of isoform expressions measured on four platforms
Authors: Zhang Wei , Petegrosso Raphael , Chang Jae Woong , Sun Jiao , Yong Jeongsik , Chien Jeremy , Kuang Rui
Published: February 2020

Background: Most eukaryotic genes produce different transcripts of multiple isoforms by inclusion or exclusion of particular exons. The isoforms of a gene often play diverse functional roles, and thus it is necessary to accurately measure isoform expressions as well as gene expressions. While previous studies have demonstrated the strong agreement between mRNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and array-based gene and/or isoform quantification platforms (Microarray gene expression and Exon-array), the more recently developed NanoString platform has not been systematically evaluated and compared, especially in large-scale studies across different cancer domains.
Results: In this paper, we present a large-scale comparative study among RNA-seq, NanoString, array-based, and RT-qPCR platforms using 46 cancer cell lines across different cancer types. The goal is to understand and evaluate the calibers of the platforms for measuring gene and isoform expressions in cancer studies. We first performed NanoString experiments on 59 cancer cell lines with {\color{red}404} custom-designed probes for measuring the expressions of 478 isoforms in 155 genes, and additional RT-qPCR experiments for a subset of the measured isoforms in 13 cell lines. We then combined the data with the matched RNA-seq, Exon-array, and Microarray data of 46 of the 59 cell lines for the comparative analysis.
Conclusion: In the comparisons of the platforms for measuring the expressions at both isoform and gene levels, we found that (1) the agreement on isoform expressions is lower than the agreement on gene expressions across the four platforms; (2) NanoString and Exon-array are not consistent on isoform quantification even though both techniques are based on hybridization reactions; (3) RT-qPCR experiments are more consistent with RNA-seq and Exon-array than NanoString in isoform quantification; (4) different RNA-seq isoform quantification methods show varying estimation results, and among the methods, Net-RSTQ and eXpress are more consistent across the platforms; and (5) RNA-seq has the best overall consistency with the other platforms on gene expression quantification.
Canine serological survey and dog culling ant its relationship with Human ­Visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic urban area.
Authors: Bermudi Patricia Marques Moralejo , Costa Danielle Nunes Carneiro Castro , Nunes Caris Maroni , Tolezano Jose Eduardo , Hiramoto Roberto Mitsuyoshi , Rodas Lilian Aparecida Colebrusco , Cipriano Rafael Silva , Blangiardo Marta , Chiaravalloti-Neto Francisco
Published: February 2020

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is an important but neglected disease that is spreading and is highly lethal when left untreated. This study sought to measure the Leishmania infantum seroprevalence in dogs, the coverage of its control activities (identification of the canine reservoir by serological survey, dog culling and insecticide spraying) and to evaluate its relationship with the occurrence of the disease in humans in the municipalities of Araçatuba and Birigui, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Information from 2006 to 2015 was georeferenced for each municipality and modeling was performed for the two municipalities together. To do this, latent Gaussian Bayesian models with the incorporation of a spatio-temporal structure and Poisson distribution were used. The Besag-York-Mollie models were applied for random spatial effects, as also were autoregressive models of order 1 for random temporal effects. The modeling was performed using the INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations) deterministic approach, considering both the numbers of cases as well as the coverage paired year by year and lagged at one and two years. Results: Control activity coverage was observed to be generally low. The behavior of the temporal tendency in the human disease presented distinct patterns in the two municipalities, however, in both the tendency was to decline. The canine serological survey presented as a protective factor only in the two-year lag model. Conclusions: The canine serological coverage, even at low intensity, carried out jointly with the culling of the positive dogs, suggested a decreasing effect on the occurrence of the disease in humans, whose effects would be seen two years after it was carried out.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Educational Intervention to Promote Oral and Dental Health of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mallekmahmoodi Maryam , Shamsi Mohsen , Roozbahani Nasrin , Moradzadeh Rahmatollah
Published: February 2020

Background: Diabetes is the most prevalent disease resulted from metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of training based on health belief model (HBM) on oral hygiene-related behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This study was conducted as an educational randomized controlled trial (single blind) on 120 patients with type 2 diabetes referring to a diabetes clinic selected through systematic sampling, who were assigned to two groups of control (N=60) and intervention (N=60). The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire based on HBM which was completed by both groups before the intervention. Then, the intervention group received 4 sessions of educational program based on HBM in one month, and the same questionnaire was completed again after 3 months and the data were analyzed through SPSS version 20 software with inferential statistics, t-test, paired t-tests, Chi square, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test analysis.
Results: Three months after the intervention, awareness of the patients and perceived susceptibility, benefits, self-efficacy, internal cue to action, and performance in oral and dental hygiene-related behaviors had a significant increase in the intervention group (p<0.05). So that the performance of oral and dental hygiene in the intervention group increased from 2.16 ± 0.71 to 3.25 ± 0.49 (p=0.001) after the education.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that training patients with diabetes based on HBM as well as through active follow-up can enhance their skills in oral and dental hygiene-related behaviors. Controlling, monitoring and follow-up during the program are also recommended.
Experiences, views and needs of first-time fathers in pregnancy related care: a qualitative study in south-east Nigeria.
Authors: Onyeze-Joe Chiemeka , Godin Isabelle
Published: February 2020

Background
Given the relevance of paternal involvement in maternal care, there is a need to prepare first-time fathers to participate in pregnancy and childbirth actively. This study explores the experiences and needs of first-time fathers and the influence of these on their involvement during pregnancy and childbirth in Nigeria.
Methods
A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Semi-structured interviews with 50 men recruited from rural and urban workplaces, hospitals, and markets, generated data used to explore the experiences, views and needs of first-time fathers’ in pregnancy-related care in south-east Nigeria. All data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Six major themes were identified: gender roles, antenatal involvement, care costs and delivery choices, need to be informed, dealing with emotions, and dealing with the delivery day. A key finding was that inexperience, cultural beliefs and perceptions of gender norms greatly influenced the support provided by first-time fathers to their spouses, and the support they received from their social support networks. Two primary needs were identified: need to be informed and the need to know about the cost of care in health settings. First-time fathers acknowledged the role of information on their decision making and final choices.
Conclusion
Findings reveal the influence of gender norms, beliefs, and social support on first-time fathers’ involvement in pregnancy and childbirth. This study also highlights the urgent need to provide informational support for first-time fathers and presents insights into what hospitals can do to achieve this need.
Keywords: male involvement, first-time fathers, pregnancy, qualitative, Nigeria
Strategies to reach and motivate migrant communities at high risk for TB to participate in a latent tuberculosis infection screening program: a community-engaged mixed methods study among Eritreans
Authors: Spruijt Ineke , Haile Dawit Tesfay , Erkens Connie , Hof Susan van den , Goosen Simone , Kate Andrea ten , Teshome Hewan , Karels Marja , Koenders Marga , Suurmond Jeanine
Published: February 2020

Background: In the Netherlands, migrant populations with a high tuberculosis (TB) incidence are an important target group for TB prevention. However, there is a lack of insight in effective community-engaged strategies to reach and motivate these migrants to participate in latent TB infection (LTBI) screening and treatment programs.
Methods: In cocreation with Eritrean key figures and TB staff, we designed and executed six strategies to reach and motivate Eritrean communities to participate in LTBI programs, in five regions in the Netherlands. We registered participation in LTBI education and screening, and LTBI treatment uptake and completion. We used semi-structured group and individual interviews with Eritrean participants, key figures, and TB staff to identify facilitators and barriers.
Results: Uptake of LTBI education (13% - 75%) and consequent screening (10% - 124%) varied between strategies. LTBI screening uptake >100% resulted from educated participants motivating others to participate in screening. Two strategies, using face-to-face promotion and targeting smaller groups, were the most successful. The program resulted in high LTBI treatment initiation and completion (both 97%). Reported program barriers included: competing priorities in the target group, perceived good health, poor risk perception, and scepticism towards the program purpose. TB staff perceived the program as useful but demanding in terms of human resources.
Conclusions: Eritrean migrant communities can be successfully reached and motivated for LTBI screening and treatment programs, when sufficient (human) resources are in place and community members, well-connected to and trusted by the community, are engaged in the design and execution of the program.
Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Paravertebral Block on MMP-9 and Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing VATS Lobectomy: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Chu Haichen , Dong He , Wang Yongjie , Niu Zejun
Published: February 2020

Background: Local anesthesia can reduce the response to surgical stress and decrease the consumption of opioids, which may reduce immunosuppression and potentially delay postoperative tumor recurrence. We compared paravertebral block(PVB) combined with general anesthesia(GA) and general anesthesia regarding their effects on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and postoperative pain after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) lobectomy.
Methods: 54 patients undergoing elective VATS lobectomy at a single tertiary care, teaching hospital located in Qingdao between May 2 2018 and Sep 28 2018 were randomised by computer to either paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia or general anesthesia. The primary outcome was pain scores during postoperative 48h. The secondary outcome were plasma concentrations of MMP-9, complications, and duration of postoperative hospital stay.
Results: 75 were enrolled to the study, of whom 21 were excluded before surgery. We analyzed lobectomy patients undergoing paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia (n=25) or general anesthesia (n=24). Both groups were similar regarding baseline characteristics. Pain scores were lower at 4h and 24h in PVB/GA group, compared with GA group (2.53±0.83 vs 3.4±0.91; 2.2±0.94 vs 3.0±0.93, respectively, P <0.05). There were no difference at 1h and 48h between groups. Patients in the PVB/GA group showed a greater decrease in plasma MMP-9 level at T1 and T2 after VATS lobectomy ( P <0.05). Postoperative complications and length of stay did not differ by anesthetic technique.
Conclusions: The paravertebral block/general anesthesia can provide statistically better pain relief and attenuate MMP-9 response to surgery and after VATS lobectomy. This technique may be beneficial for patients to recover rapidly after lung surgery and reduce postoperative tumor recurrence.
Overexpression Of Mig-6 In Cartilage Induces An Osteoarthritis-like Phenotype In Mice
Authors: Bellini Melina , Pest Michael Andrew , Rodrigues Manuela Miranda , Qin Ling , Jeong Jae-Wook , Beier Frank
Published: February 2020

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) has been identified as a negative regulator of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Cartilage-specific Mig-6 knockout (KO) mice display increased EGFR signaling, an anabolic buildup of articular cartilage and formation of chondro-osseous nodules. Since our understanding of the EGFR/Mig-6 network in cartilage remains incomplete, we characterized mice with cartilage-specific overexpression of Mig-6 in this study.
Methods : Utilizing knee joints from cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpressing ( Mig- 6over/over ) mice (at multiple time points), we evaluated the articular cartilage using histology, immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative OARSI scoring at multiple ages. MicroCT analysis was employed to examine skeletal morphometry, body composition, and bone mineral density.
Results: Our data show that cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpression did not cause any major developmental abnormalities in articular cartilage, although Mig-6 over/over mice have slightly shorter long bones compared to the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in bone mineral density and body composition in any of the groups. However, our results indicate that Mig-6 over/over male mice show accelerated cartilage degeneration at 12 and 18 months of age. Immunohistochemistry for SOX9 demonstrated that the number of positively stained cells in Mig-6 over/over mice decreased relative to controls. Immunostaining for MMP13 staining is increased in areas of cartilage degeneration in Mig-6 over/over mice. Moreover, staining for phospho-EGFR (Tyr-1173) and lubricin (PRG4) was decreased in the articular cartilage of Mig-6 over/over mice.
Conclusion: Overexpression of Mig-6 in articular cartilage causes no major developmental phenotype; however these mice develop earlier OA during aging. These data demonstrate that Mig-6/EGFR pathways is critical for joint homeostasis and might present a promising therapeutic target for OA.
Identifying Latent Variables in Dynamic Bayesian Networks with Bootstrapping Applied to Type 2 Diabetes Complication Prediction
Authors: Yousefi Leila , Al-Luhaybi Mashael , Sacchi Lucia , Chiovato Luca , Tucker Allan
Published: February 2020

Background: Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic disease with an onset that is commonly associated with multiple life-threatening comorbidities (complications). Early prediction of diabetic complications while discovering the behaviour of associated aggressive risk factors can reduce the patients’ suﬀering time. Therefore, models of the time series diabetic data (which are often imbalanced, incomplete and involve complex interactions) are needed to better manage diabetic complications.Aims: The aim of this work is to both deals with imbalanced clinical data using a bootstrapping approach, whilst determining the precise position of latent variables within probabilistic networks generated from the observations. The main motivation behind this paper is to stratify patient groups by means of latent variables to discover how complications in diabetes interact.Methods: We propose a time series bootstrapping method for building Dynamic Bayesian Networks that includes hidden/latent variables, applied to a case for predicting T2DM complications. A combination of the IC* algorithm on time series bootstrapped data is utilised to identify the latent variables within a Bayesian model. Then, an exploration of inference methods assessed the inﬂuences of these latent variables.Results: Our promising ﬁndings show how this targeted use of latent variables improves prediction accuracy, speciﬁcity, and sensitivity over standard approaches as well as aiding the understanding of relationships between these latent variables and disease complications/risk factors. The contribution of this paper compared to the previous papers in which time series bootstrapping is used for re-balancing the data and providing conﬁdence in the prediction results.Conclusion: Our results showed that our re-balancing approach by the use of Time Series bootstrapping method for an unequal number of time series visits demonstrated an improvement in the prediction performance. Additionally, the most highlighted contribution of this paper gained insight by interpreting the latent states (looking at the associated distributions of complications), which led to a better understanding of risk factors and patient-speciﬁc interventions: here the fact that the latent variable demonstrated that a patient falls into a sub-group that is hypertensive but not suﬀering from retinopathy.
Evaluating capacity at three government referral hospital emergency units in the Kingdom of Eswatini using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit Assessment Tool
Authors: Pigoga Jennifer , Joiner Anjni Patel , Chowa Phindile , Luong Jennifer , Mhlanga Masitsela , Reynolds Teri , Wallis Lee
Published: February 2020

Background The Kingdom of Eswatini, a lower-middle income nation of 1.45 million in southern Africa, has recently identified emergency care as a key strategy to respond to the national disease burden. We aimed to evaluate the current capacity of hospital emergency care areas using the WHO Hospital Emergency Unit Assessment Tool (HEAT) at government referral hospitals in Eswatini. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of three government referral hospital emergency care areas using HEAT in May 2018. This standardised tool assists healthcare facilities to assess the emergency care delivery capacity in facilities and support in identifying gaps and targeting interventions to strengthen care delivery within emergency care areas. Senior-level emergency care area employees, including senior medical officers and nurse matrons, were interviewed using the HEAT. Results All sites provided some level of emergency care 24 hours a day, seven days a week, though most had multiple entry points for emergency care. Only one facility had a dedicated area for receiving emergencies and a dedicated resuscitation area; two had triage areas. Facilities had limited capacity to perform signal functions (life-saving procedures that require both skills and resources). Commonly reported barriers included training deficits and lack of access to supplies, medications, and equipment. Sites also lacked formal clinical management and process protocols (such as triage and clinical protocols). Conclusions The HEAT highlighted strengths and weaknesses of emergency care delivery within hospitals in Eswatini and identified specific causes of these system and service gaps. In order to improve emergency care outcomes, multiple interventions are needed, including training opportunities, improvement in supply chains, and implementation of clinical and process protocols for emergency care areas. We hope that these findings will allow hospital administrators and planners to develop effective change management plans.
Parental drinking and adolescent binge drinking: Findings from a nationwide high school survey in Japan
Authors: Inoura Satoshi , Shimane Takuya , Kitagaki Kunihiko , Wada Kiyoshi , Matsumoto Toshihiko
Published: February 2020

Background:Alcohol problems in parents have been revealed as one factor affecting adolescent alcohol misuse, but there are few studies on how parental drinking affects adolescent alcohol misuse in the general population. The findings of previous studies are inconsistent with respect to the influence of parental drinking according to parental structure. Binge drinking among adolescents has received much attention. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between parental drinking in parents and binge drinking among high school students in Japan.Methods:We performed a secondary analysis of the Nationwide High School Survey on Drug Use and Lifestyle 2018, Japan. A total of 46,848 valid surveys from high school students of 78 schools were included for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was conducted with binge drinking as the dependent variable. We established nine groups, classified according to parental drinking by parental structure (e.g., both parents, single parent, neither parent at home) as the independent variable, after adjusting with demographic factors and lifestyle factors as covariates. Binge drinking was defined as five or more alcoholic drinks for male adolescents or four or more alcoholic drinks for females on the same occasion within 2 hours. Results: In the fully adjusted models, the risk of binge drinking in adolescents whose parents do not drink (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.541, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.411–0.711) and whose father drinks but mother does not (AOR: 0.696, 95% CI: 0.575–0.844) were significantly lower than that in adolescents whose parents drink. This risk was significantly higher among students with neither parent living at home (AOR: 3.746, 95% CI: 2.290–6.127). Conclusion:Our findings suggest that adolescents whose parents do not drink and whose father drinks but mother does not are less likely to engage in binge drinking. Adolescents who did not live with either parent may have greater risk of binge drinking. This research revealed that parental drinking affects binge drinking among adolescents in the general population. Engaging parents, including mothers and non-parental family members, in future programs and interventions is important, to prevent adolescent alcohol misuse.
Understanding magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis (UMIMS) and accompanying process evaluation: study protocol for a double-blind, randomized controlled trial using an evidence-based patient information website
Authors: Schiffmann Insa , Freund Magalie , Vettorazzi Eik , Stellmann Jan-Patrick , Heyr-Borchelt Susanne , D'Hooghe Marie , Häußler Vivien , Rahn Anne C. , Heesen Christoph
Published: February 2020

Background: While Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a major role in the lives of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), studies have shown that MRI-specific knowledge in pwMS is limited. Moreover, poor knowledge was associated with negative feelings towards MRI (e.g. anxiety concerning MRI scan). Because information sources about MRI in MS for pwMS are not available, we designed and evaluated an evidence-based online educational platform about MRI in MS called “Understanding MRI in MS” (UMIMS). Based on a pilot study in 104 subjects, an educational intervention was found to be feasible and effective. We hypothesize, that MRI-specific knowledge can be increased by using UMIMS and that, subsequently, negative feelings towards MRI will be reduced and shared decision making competences increased.Methods: This randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial will recruit n=120 pwMS. The intervention group will receive access to UMIMS. The control group will get access to a specifically developed control website, which visually imitates UMIMS, and contains the standard information available by several MS self-help organisations. The change in MRI-specific knowledge assessed via the MRI-risk knowledge questionnaire (MRI-RIKNO) after the intervention is the primary endpoint at 2 weeks. Several secondary endpoints will be assessed at different timepoints throughout the study, e.g. emotions towards MRI, autonomy preferences, threat by MS and shared decision-making competences. The study includes a process evaluation.Discussion: The aim of this randomized, controlled, double-blind trial recruiting n=120 pwMSis to assess the effect of the evidence-based online educational tool “UMIMS” on MRI-specific knowledge.Additonally, secondary endpoints (e.g. emotions towards MRI) will be assessed and a process evaluation will be included.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03872583, registration date: 13th March 2019.
How to choose kinematic or mechanical alignment individually according to preoperative characteristics of patients?
Authors: Luan Chong , Xu Dong-Tan , Chen Ning-Jie , Wang Fei-Fei , Tian Kang- Song , Wei Chao , Wang Xian-Bin
Published: February 2020

Background Making decision in alignment techniques in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. This study aims to identify the potential patients who were suitable for the kinematic (KA) or mechanical alignment (MA).Methods We reviewed 296 patients (296 TKAs, including 114 KA-TKAs and 182 MA-TKAs) who underwent unilateral TKA using a portable navigation system from 2016 to 2018 in our prospectively maintained database. The minimum followup was 1 year. Clinical outcomes including range of motion (ROM) and knee society score (KSS) were compared between KA-TKAs and MA-TKAs. Multiple regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between alignment techniques and KSS at the 1-year followup. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted according to gender, age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, ROM and KSS. Results ROM and KSS at the 1-year followup didn’t differ between MA-TKAs and KA-TKAs (all p>0.05). Alignment techniques did not associate with postoperative ROM (Adjusted β=0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.3, 1.6; p=0.752) or 1-year KSS (Adjusted β=2.2, 95%CI: -0.7, 5.6; p=0.107). Patients with BMI more than 30 kg/m^2 achieved better 1-year KSS when using MA than KA (p for interaction<0.05), Additionally, patients with preoperative HKA angle more than 10 degrees varus benefited more from KA than MA (p for interaction<0.05). Conclusions Patients with severe varus deformity may be suitable for the KA technique, whereas MA should be used in obese patients.
Job satisfaction of medical interns: a qualitative study using Herzberg’s hygiene motivation theory
Authors: Isaacs Anton , Raymond Anita , Jacob Angela , Hawkings Philippa
Published: February 2020

Background: Human resource management policies and practices are not well understood and implemented in some health care settings. Besides affecting client outcomes, poor management practices can adversely affect the health and wellbeing of healthcare professionals such as nurses and doctors. The junior most doctors in the medical hierarchy of a hospital are interns. Owing to long working hours and heavy workloads, internship can be quite a stressful experience resulting in unprofessional and unethical behaviours as well as increased number of medical errors. Although there is an abundance of research on the difficulties faced by interns, there is a paucity of research highlighting their job satisfaction. Identifying factors that influence interns’ job satisfaction could inform better working conditions for interns as well as improve client outcomes and overall hospital performance. Methods: Job satisfaction was explored by one-to-one semi-structured interviews with 12 senior interns within the theoretical framework of Herzberg’s ‘hygiene-motivation’ or ‘two factor theory’. Data were analysed thematically. Results: Reasons for job satisfaction included feeling supported in the work place as well as getting quality supervision, teaching and clinical exposure. Reasons for job dissatisfaction included poor access to administration, unduly stressful working situations, lack of support for mental health and wellbeing and poorly organised teaching sessions. The results of this study closely align with Herzberg’s motivation hygiene theory showing that reasons for job satisfaction are mostly different from reasons for job dissatisfaction. Conclusion: The internship experience, together with the people they are influenced by, can determine a doctor’s future career pathway. It is therefore vital for internship coordinators and hospital managers to facilitate a positive internship experience. The findings have implications for human resource management policy and practice in hospitals.
Laparoscopic surgery for diverticular colovesical fistula: Single–center experience of 11 cases
Authors: Kitaguchi Daichi , Enomoto Tsuyoshi , Ohara Yusuke , Owada Yohei , Hisakura Katsuji , Akashi Yoshimasa , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Ogawa Koichi , Shimomura Osamu , Oda Tatsuya
Published: February 2020

Objective: Laparoscopic surgery for diverticular colovesical fistula (CVF) is technically challenging, and the incidence of conversion to open surgery (COS) is high. The aims of this study were to review our experience with laparoscopic surgery for diverticular CVF and to identify preoperative risk factors for COS. Results: This was a single institution, retrospective, observational study of 11 patients who had undergone laparoscopic sigmoid colon resection with fistula resection for diverticular CVF from 2014 to 2019. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was utilized to evaluate fistula location in the bladder, patency of the rectovesical pouch, and estimated contact area between the sigmoid colon and bladder. The relationship between preoperative variables and incidence of COS was analyzed between completed laparoscopy and COS groups. The overall incidence of postoperative morbidity (Clavien–Dindo classification Grade II or higher) was 36% (4/11). Severe morbidity, reoperation, and mortality were not observed. The incidence of COS was 27% (3/11). Posterior bladder fistulas were significantly associated with COS ( p = 0.006 ). CVFs located on the posterior bladder appears to be a risk factor for COS. Identifying the risk factors for COS preoperatively could help guide the intraoperative course.
Development and upgrading of public primary healthcare facilities with essential surgical services infrastructure: a strategy towards achieving Universal Health Coverage in Tanzania
Authors: Kapologwe Ntuli Angyelile , Meara John G , Kengia James T. , Sonda Yusuph , Gwajima Dorothy , Alidina Shehnaz , Kalolo Albino
Published: February 2020

Background: Infrastructure development and upgrading to support safe surgical services in primary health care facilities is an important step in the journey towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This study aimed to understand the public sector's efforts to improve the infrastructure of primary health facilities between 2005 and 2019. We assessed the construction rates, geographic coverage, and physical status of each facility, surgical safety and services rendered in public primary health facilities. Methods : Data was collected from existing policy reports, the Services Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool (physical status), the Health Facility Registry (HFR), implementation reports on infrastructure development from the 26 regions and 185 district councils across the country and Comprehensive Emergence Obstetric Care (CEMONC) signal functions assessment tool. Data was descriptively analyzed so as to understand the distribution of primary health facilities and their status (old, new, upgraded, under construction, renovated and equipped), and the service provided, including surgical servic­es. Results: Of 5,072 (in which 518 are Health Center and 4,554 are Dispensaries) existing primary health care facilities, the majority (46%) had a physical status of A (good state), 33% (1,693) had physical status of B (minor renovation needed) and the remaining facilities had physical status of C up to F (needing urgent major renovation or complete reconstruction). Only 33% (1,673) of all health facilities had water and 5.1% had telecommunication system. Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 419 (8.3%) health facilities (Consisting of 350 health centers and 69 District Hospitals) were either renovated or constructed and equipped to offer safe surgery facilities. Of all Health Centers only 115 (22.2%) were offering the CEMONC. Of these 115 health facilities, only 20 (17.4%) were offering the CEMONC with all 9-signal functions and only 17.4% were offering Blood transfusion services. Conclusion: Despite the achievements in infrastructure development and upgrading, still there is a high demand for good physical statuses and functioning of primary health facilities with capacity to offer essential and safe surgical services in the country also as an important strategy towards achieving UHC. Key Words: Infrastructure, primary health facilities, safe surgery and Universal Health Coverage
Clinical characteristics of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma infiltration in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Miike Tadashi , Kawakami Hiroshi , Kameda Takuro , Yamamoto Shojiro , Tahara Yoshihiro , Hidaka Tomonori , Kubuki Yoko , Yorita Kenji , Akiyama Yutaka , Arimura Yasuji , Kubota Yoshimasa , Kataoka Hiroaki , Shimoda Kazuya
Published: February 2020

Background: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The clinical course of ATLL is very heterogeneous, and many organs, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, can be involved. However, there are few detailed reports on ATLL infiltration in the GI tract. We investigated the clinical characteristics of ATLL infiltration in the GI tract.Methods: This retrospective observational single center study included 40 consecutive ATLL patients who underwent GI endoscopy. The patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with ATLL who were diagnosed via histological examination, were divided into two groups based on GI tract infiltration.Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that the absence of skin lesions was significantly associated with GI infiltration (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the infiltration group tended to have similar macroscopic lesions in the upper and lower GI tracts.Conclusions: The absence of skin lesions and characteristic endoscopic findings may aid in detecting ATLL infiltration in the GI tract.
Equity and efficiency of health resource allocation of Chinese Medicine in mainland China: 2013 to 2017
Authors: Li Zhengjun , Yang Lili , Bian Yaoyao
Published: February 2020

Background: In this study, we aimed to measure the equity, efficiency and productivity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) health resource allocation and utilization in mainland China trend from 2013 to 2017. Methods: The data were download from the China Health Statistical Yearbook (2018) and the China Statistical Yearbook (2018). The equity and efficiency of TCM health resource allocation was evaluated by Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient (G) and Theil index (T) were applied to evaluate. The efficiency and productivity of TCM health resource utilization were assessed by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-based Malmquist productivity index (MPI). Results: The TCM health resource had an increasing trend every year. The equity allocated by population (Gs range from 0.1 to 0.3) was better than that by geographic region (Gs more than 0.5). Ts in the intra-groups were higher than that in the inter-groups. Most provinces (29 out of 31) had negative productivity changes, which suggested a deterioration in productivity. However, the middle region with higher scale sizes had more redundant inputs. Moreover, the low technological development (all technical values lower than 1.00) might obstacle the productive progress. Conclusion: The equity of TCM health allocated by population was better than that by the geography region. The intra-regional difference was the main reasons of the sources of inequity. The equity of TCM resource allocation was middle region ＞ eastern region ＞ western region. The productivity in more than 97% provinces are inefficient. The frequency distribution of Sech ( score ＞ 1) increased since 2015. However, the frequency distribution of Techch (score ＞ 1) decreased year by year. The slow technological progress and low scale size might the major reason for the low productivity. Keywords: TCM health resource, Equity, Efficiency, Productivity
Regulation of [Ca2+]i Oscillations and Mitochondrial Activity by Various Calcium Transporters in Mouse Oocytes
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Ang , Meng Tie-Gang , Wang Li-Juan , Hou Yi , Schatten Heide , Sun Qing-Yuan , Ou Xiang-Hong
Published: February 2020

Oocyte activation inefficiency is one of the reasons for female infertility and Ca 2+ functions play a critical role in the regulation of oocyte activation. We used various inhibitors of Ca 2+ channels and pumps located on the plasma membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum or both, including sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPases (SERCAs, the main Ca 2+ pumps which decrease the intracellular Ca 2+ level by reaccumulating Ca 2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum), transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel subfamily member 7 (TRPM7, a Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ -permeable non-selective cation channel), T-type Ca 2+ channels and calcium channel Orai1, to investigate their roles in[Ca 2+ ] i oscillation patterns and mitochondrial membrane potential during oocyte activation by real-time recording. Our results show that SERCAs, TRPM7 and T-type Ca 2+ channels are important for initiation and maintenance of [Ca 2+ ] i oscillations, which is required for mitochondrial membrane potential changes during oocyte activation, as well as for subsequent pronuclear formation and transition to embryo development, while the function of calcium channel Orai1 is not confirmed. Increasing the knowledge of these transporters may provide a theoretical basis for improving oocyte activation in human assisted reproduction clinics.
Construyendo puentes entre Educación Infantil y Primaria para la enseñanza bilingüe en inglés
Authors: Fleta Guillén M. Teresa
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo ofrece una visión general del funcionamiento de la enseñanza del inglés en educación Infantil en el contexto español y presenta sugerencias de buenas prácticas. Para garantizar el éxito de la educación bilingüe en Primaria, en la que asignaturas no lingüísticas se estudian a través del inglés, es necesario equipar a alumnos y a docentes con los instrumentos y técnicas pedagógicas necesarias para acometer las habilidades lingüísticas y conceptuales cuanto antes. Basándose en estudios de adquisición del inglés, en las reflexiones de los propios docentes, en el enfoque metodológico AICLE, y con el foco puesto en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, este artículo explica la situación de la enseñanza del inglés en educación Infantil y presenta intervenciones pedagógicas creativas para construir puentes entre Infantil y el aula bilingüe de Primaria. Tras justificar la conveniencia del aprendizaje temprano del inglés, se presentan prácticas útiles para equipar mejor al alumnado en Infantil y ayudarle a enfrentarse al reto que supone la educación bilingüe en Primaria.
Antiviral Disinfection In The Medical Area
Authors: Trzcińska Agnieszka
Published: February 2020

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a serious public health problem. This problem affects hundreds of millions of people every year, leading to many serious health complications. Disinfection is an important element in the prevention and control of viral infections, which is the basis of sanitation and hygiene processes in medical facilities such as hospitals, outpatient clinics, dental offices, etc. The disinfection is a complex process, the efficacy of which is influenced by many factors. The disinfectant, apart from the fact that it requires competent and proper use, also has to meet certain criteria, including the wide range of biocidal activity confirmed by well-known and well-designed research methods.

1. Introduction. 2. Disinfection. 3. The effectiveness of the disinfection process. 4. Requirements for disinfectants. 5. Testing of virucidal activity of disinfectants. 6. Antiviral disinfection – practical aspects
Islam Nusantara Dalam Perspektif Maqashid Al-Syari’ah
Authors: Nugroho Hery , Hadi Abdul
Published: February 2020

Masyarakat Indonesia dikatakan multikultural karena konsep ini mengedepankan budaya. Sehingga ketika mendengar istilah Islam Nusantara, maka akan berkaitan dengan pluralitas. Dalam Islam Nusantara, budaya merupakan bagian dari agama, di mana awal mula Islam dapat dengan mudah diterima di Indonesia salah satunya melalui akulturasi budaya, sehingga agama Islam terkesan merakyat dengan masyarakat Indonesia. Dalam pluralitas dan keberagamaan antara umat dan bangsa- bangsa dalam kerangka kesatuan manusia, filsafat ini mencetak peradaban Islam dengan ciri yang moderat, menyelaraskan antara kekhasan individual yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing umat dan bangsa, dengan keutamaan atau keburukan yang terjadi pada semua umat dan bangsa. Maka yang terjadi kemudian adalah rasa bangga terhadap kekhasan dan keutamaan yang dimiliki tanpa mengingkari kekhasan dan kelebihan yang lain. Sikap ini tampak dalam peradaban Islam.