bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Plantibodies, the Plant-MADE Vaccines
Authors: R. Arthee , Rangasami S. R. , Murugaragavan . , Prabu P. C. , Ramesh P. T. , Chelladurai K. , Rakesh S. S. , Pandiyarajan P.
Published: May 2022

Various approaches are used to integrate the desired genes encoding the antigen protein for a given illness into the genome of plant tissues in plant-based vaccination technology. Gene transfer by agrobacterium and transformation via a genetically engineered plant virus are two typical approaches for producing efficient vaccinations. Antibodies are an important component of vertebrates' adaptive immune systems, and they may now be made by converting plants with antibody-coding genes from animals and humans. Despite the fact that plants do not produce antibodies naturally, plant-derived antibodies (plantibodies) have been proven to behave similarly to mammalian antibodies. However, as science and technology have progressed, new approaches have been created to improve the efficiency of older technologies including biolistic, electroporation, agroinfiltration, sonication, and polyethylene glycol treatment. Despite the fact that plant-based vaccinations have numerous advantages for the vaccine industry, there are still constraints that limit the rate at which these third-generation vaccines may be successfully manufactured. Despite these limitations, continued attempts are still underway to develop effective vaccines for a variety of human and animal diseases, owing to its enormous potential.
Impact of Foliar Application of Zinc and Biofertilizers on Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Authors: Singh Geshu , Singh Rajesh , Dalwale Mohammed Ali
Published: May 2022

The field experiment took place in the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj, during the Kharif season of 2021. (UP), India. The objective of the experiment is to lessen the use of chemical fertilizers by using techniques of integrated nutrient management efficiently without compromising the nutrient availability to the crop, which ultimately reduces the effect of chemicals used in the agroecosystem. The experiment was set up in a Randomized Block Design with ten treatments, including control, replicated thrice using various biofertilizers. viz., Azospirillum species 25 gram/kilogram seeds, Phosphate solubilizing bacteria 25 g/kg seeds and combination of Azospirillum sp. 25 g/kg seeds + PSB 25 g/kg seeds and foliar application of 0.5% zinc at 30, 50 and 30 + 50 days after sowing per hectare. The research revealed that foliar application of zinc 0.5% at 50 DAS along with seed inoculation by Azospirillum sp. 25 g/kg Seeds + PSB 25 g/kg seeds significantly increased the growth parameters of Sorghum viz., plant height (163.31centimeter), dry matter accumulation (92.71 g), No. of Leaves (12.87), absolute growth rate (1.33 g/plant/day), crop growth rate (44.31 g/m2/day) and leaf area (414.67 cm2).
Determining the Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management and Panchagavya Spray on Yield and Economics of Rice in India
Authors: Sindhu Veluri Sree , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur
Published: May 2022

A field study was conducted during Kharif 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), India. The soil texture of the experimental plot was sandy loam, with a pH of 7.8, low organic carbon (0.35 percent), available N (243 kg/ha), available P (20.10 kg/ha), and available K (105 kg/ha). The Study was laid out in Randomized Block Design, with nine treatments consists of viz., 1 : (RDF 50% + FYM 5t/ha) +P1 -3%, 2 : (RDF 50% + FYM 5t/ha) +P2 - 6%, 3 : (RDF 50% + FYM 5t/ha) +P3 - 9%, 4: (RDF 75% +FYM 5t/ha) + P1 - 3%, 5 : (RDF 75% + FYM 5t/ha) + P2 -6%, 6 : (RDF75% + FYM 5t/ha) + P3- 9%, 7 : (RDF 100% +FYM 5t/ha) + P1 -3%, 8 : (RDF 100% + FYM 5t/ha) +P2- 6%, 9 : (RDF 100% + FYM 5t/ha) + P3 - 9% and were replicated thrice. Results obtained that there was significant increase in yield parameters viz., Number of panicles /hill (12.53), Number of grains/hill (118.13), Panicle length (32.13 cm),  Test weight (24.27  g),Grain yield (6.28 t/ha), Straw yield (7.91t/ha) and Harvest index (44.25%) were recorded with the application of (RDF 100% + FYM 5t/ha) + P2-6%.The maximum Gross return (169650.00 INR/ha), Net return (115561.00 INR/ha) and B:C ratio (2.14) is recorded in treatment with (RDF 100% + FYM 5t/ha) +P2-6%. Therefore, it is concluded that the application of (RDF 100% + FYM 5t/ha) +P2-6% was more productive and economically feasible.
Adopting a Proxy Database to Prevent Direct Access to Distributed Transaction Databases Ensuring Information Security
Authors: Ali Mohammad Ghulam
Published: May 2022

In this scientific and technical practical-oriented research paper, it is proposed a concept of Proxy Database to prevent direct access to distributed transaction databases and also ensuring the data and information security. The same approach has already been implemented in our one live project. A Proxy Database is created using a set of proxy tables and views from all relational distributed databases running for all different domains for any organization/institution. Creating a proxy table, this is an alternative way of looking at the data in one or more tables and this is also an alternate way of looking at the data through one or more views from relational distributed databases. Proxy table provides indirect access to the data in the distributed table(s) of the distributed databases. Location transparency of the local data at the local distributed databases will definitely be maintained by creating a proxy table. A proxy table will be mapped with the local distributed table and tables in the form of view. A schema for all proxy tables created, that resides in the Proxy Database, but the data resides in each local distributed databases. It is proposed here a practical framework to construct a Proxy Database with a set of proxy tables created from all local relational distributed databases which are being used for all different domains. Two or more proxy tables may further be merged to get results from two or more local distributed tables located in the respective distributed databases. Illustrated some methods of creating a Proxy Database with some examples. Illustrated about the query submitted on the proxy table without join, union or intersect and this is straightway go to the respective local distributed table(s) or tables in the form of view and sending back results to the concerned client user. Illustrated about the query submitted using join, union or intersect on two or more proxy tables, query decomposition with a set of sub queries going to the respective local distributed tables or tables in the form of view, execution of each individual sub-query at each local distributed database server and finally about the query composition of all sub-queries and sending back results to the concerned client user. Discussed well about the network security proposing a viable solution by implementing a software firewall. Discussed about the local distributed databases structure modifications and propagation to the Proxy Database so that all the local distributed databases and the Proxy Database remain consistent.
Hysteroscopic Finding in Patients with Secondary Infertility at Tanta University Hospitals
Authors: Kabeil Enas Gamal , Ageez Mai Nabil , Algergawy Adel Elsayed , Freikha Ahmed Hussein Abu
Published: May 2022

Background: About 7.5% of married couples experience infertility. It has been reported that an abnormal uterine finding occurs in approximately 40% of infertile women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Hysteroscopy in diagnosing the abnormalities of the uterine cavity among female having secondary infertility at Tanta University Hospitals.

Methods: This study was conducted on 80 women referred for diagnostic hysteroscopy due to secondary infertility. All patients were subjected to complete history taking, clinical examination and routine laboratory investigation. Patients also were subjected to vaginal speculum examination, ultrasound, hysteroscopic examination and hysteroscopic septum resection, hysteroscopic myomectomy.

Results: The mean age of the included cases was 31.46 ± 6.07 years, and their median age was 30 years with range 19 and 40 years. The highest percentage of the included cases were in the age group between 19 and 30 years (56.25%) followed by the age group between 31 and 40 years (53,75%). There were 41 housewives (51.3%) and the remaining 39 (48.7%) were working. The highest percentage of the cases came from rural areas (61.3%) and 38.7% from urban areas.

Conclusions: Our data are an additional argument to suggest hysteroscopy as part of investigation in infertile woman. Routine diagnostic hysteroscopy and ultrasound should be part of an infertility workup secondary infertility. Obesity is associated with hormonal derangement which are responsible for infertility weight loss should be considered as a first line treatment.
Results of Testing on Application Rate of the Specialized Organic Blended Fertilizer on Flue Cured Tobacco in the North Mountains of Vietnam
Authors: Nang Dinh Van , Van Nguyen Van , Tuan Tao Ngoc , Viet Bui Quoc , Cuong Nguyen Van , Chin Nguyen Van
Published: May 2022

Province Cao Bang is one of the dominant flue-cured tobacco (FCT) producing areas in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam. Here, a specialized organic mineral mixed fertilizer (OM-NPK), with analysis of N-P2O5-K2O-organic matter-humic being 5-4-9.5-10-0.4%, was tested on the application rate of this grade to FCT in the Spring crop of 2021 with 03 rates as follows: 1 ton/ha, 1.1 ton/ha and 1.2 ton/ha, compared with the control of specialized inorganic mixed fertilizer being named VTL: MN (analysis of N-P2O5-K2O is 5.8-7.5-13.5%) and the background treatment (no fertilizer). The experiment, including 05 treatment, was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 03 replications on the main tobacco-growing soil in the Cao Bang, which is heavy soil. The results of this study showed that all 03 treatments on the application rate of OM-NPK fertilizer met the requirements of the test based on the fertilizer use efficiency (beyond the control by 10%), in which the treatment with the application rate of 1-ton OM-NPK/ha gave the best performance (reliability 0.05). At the same time, the density of micro-organisms dissolving insoluble phosphorus in the soil was higher in treatments of the OM-NPK application than the control.
Effect of Temperature on the Dimensional Accuracy of Irreversible Hydrocolloid Material at Different Storage Time Intervals
Authors: Talpur Paras , Gul Waheed , Kohro Muslim , Memon Rizwan , Syed Maria , Soomro Sidra
Published: May 2022

Aims: In this competitive arena, dentists are inevitably searching for dimensionally more stable and accurate material to produce precise, effective prosthesis. Amongst many impression materials used on a day-to-day basis, irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials are most commonly utilized due to easy manipulation, hydrophilic nature, elastic recovery, accuracy and cost-effectiveness. The main objective of this study was to observe the effect of temperature and storage time on the accuracy of an irreversible hydrocolloid material.

Study Design: Experimental and in-vitro study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics and Research Medical Centre, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, February 2019 to July 2019.

Methodology: Total one hundred and five impressions cast models were made using irreversible hydrocolloid impression material (Hygedent) from ideal maxillary dentoform model. There were three temperatures (25°C,35°C and 45°C) and two storage timings (15 minutes and 25 minutes) along with one control group (immediate pouring). Measurements were taken utilizing digital Vernier Caliper. On each cast, two measurements were recorded in a linear manner including anteroposterior (AP) and Cross arch (CA).

Results: Results revealed that there is a significant difference between anteroposterior dimensional changes of distance from Mesial surface of maxillary right central incisor to distal surface of maxillary right first molar and cross-arch dimensional changes of distance from distal surface of maxillary right first molar to distal surface of maxillary left first molar at different storage temperatures and time intervals. This indicates that the dimensions are increasing directly as storage time and temperature increases which might be because of shrinkage of material due to increase in time of pouring. Shrinkage causes material to pull it towards the tray and increase the dimensions.

Conclusion: This study concluded that the best results could be obtained with immediate pouring at 25°C temperature as compared to other observed temperatures.
Comparison of Effects of Azadirachta indica Mouth Rinse on Streptococcus mutans and P. gingivilis
Authors: Kamran Fatimah , Iqbal Uzma Anam , Naseem Syeda Bisma , Israr Syeda Noor , Nazrah-E-Zahrah . , Ashar Faizan
Published: May 2022

Background: Leaves of Azadirachta indica have been studied vastly to observe their pharmacological properties. The leaves of the Neem tree and the constituents present in the leaves have reported antibacterial, antihyperglycaemic, immunomodulatory, antiulcer, antimalarial, antifungal, antiviral, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. Conventional mouthwashes, containing chlorhexidine, used for their antimicrobial effect against bacteria in the oral cavity have certain adverse effects including alteration in taste, tartar formation and staining of teeth, restoration, and sometimes tongue. Hence the study was aimed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica mouth rinse against Streptococcus mutans and P. gingivilis colonies.

Methodology: It was an in-vivo preclinical experimental study conducted at Baqai Medical and Dental College Karachi., from February 2022 to March 2022. The calculated sample size was n =60. The participants were given an envelope for group randomization. The organisms were grown on appropriate media and extract was prepared and diluted. The extract was diluted in distilled water at 1:4 (Extract: Distilled water) concentration. Study participants were instructed to not brush their teeth before sampling. Study participants were divided into three groups (negative control, positive control, Neem tree extract rinse group) each group had 20 participants. Diluted neem tree extract was given to the experimental group for rinses, distilled water was given to the negative control group and positive controls were given a standard commercially available mouth rinse. The next sample of plaque was collected after two hours to observe the effects of neem tree leaves extract on bacterial colonies.

Results: The growth of colonies was calculated on growth media plates in samples collected before rinsing and samples that were taken after the rinsing. The pre and post samples showed a significant (p-value <0.05) decrease in the number of colonies in the positive control group (conventional rinse) and neem leaf extract group. The intragroup comparison of negative and positive control showed a significant difference in the number of colonies and the same was observed with the neem leaf extract rinse. However, the positive control and the Neem leaves extract comparison was insignificant.

Conclusion: The Azadirachta indica leaf extract has better or equal efficacy against oral microflora when compared with the standard chlorhexidine containing conventional mouth wash.
Harmonic Scalpel versus Electrocautery: An Experience of Modified Radical Mastectomy at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Munir Ambreen , Khan Ramsha , Bhatti Aisha Masroor , Bukhari Sorath , Jalees Urham , Sangrasi Maira , Shah Syed Zulfiquar Ali , Tagar Kanwal Ahmed
Published: May 2022

Background: The harmonic scalpel, commonly used in laparoscopic surgery, now has promise for MRM dissection. The harmonic scalpel's high frequency mechanical vibrations cut and coagulate intraoperatively at the same time, generating less heat injury than electrocautery.

Objective: To compare the outcome of modified radical mastectomy using harmonic scalpel versus electrocautery at tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methodology: The randomized controlled trial was conducted from 12th September 2018 11th March 2019 at Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science, Jamshoro. A total of 128 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma undergoing modified radical mastectomy, 20 to 50 years of age were included. Chronic Hepatitis, diabetes, and neo-adjuvant treatment patients were excluded. Modified radical mastectomy employing harmonic scalpel for Group A and electrocautery for Group B. Postoperative problems such as seroma development, postoperative hematoma, marginal necrosis, lymphedema, and wound infection were also observed.

Results: The mean age of women in group A was 39.81 ± 6.73 years and in group B was 39.45 ± 6.60 years. Mean duration of disease was 5.41 ± 1.91 months. The frequency of seroma formation in harmonic scalpel group as 7.81% vs 26.56% in electrocautery group, p=0.005), frequency of pain is 53.13% vs 68.75% respectively, p=0.070, frequency of hematoma is 1.56% vs 17.19% respectively, p=0.002), frequency of marginal necrosis was 0.0% vs 7.81% respectively, p=0.023), lymphedema 3.13% vs 14.06% respectively, p=0.027) and wound infection 17.19% vs 35.94% respectively, p=0.016.

Conclusion: This research indicated that harmonic scalpel is superior to electrocautery in modified radical mastectomy.
Problems, Common Beliefs and Procedures on the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Business Research
Authors: Putra Wawas Bangun Tegar Sunaryo
Published: May 2022

Partial least squares structural equation modeling (commonly referred to as PLS-SEM) was not developed without reason. PLS-SEM was developed as an alternative to covariance-based SEM, allowing researchers to conduct exploratory research. In addition, PLS-SEM is considered capable of providing flexibility related to data characteristics, model complexity, and model specifications. Undoubtedly, PLS-SEM is the most frequently used method in many fields of business research. However, many researchers use PLS-SEM incorrectly and even expect more without understanding the basic structural equation modeling method. For this reason, this article will discuss various types of problems and general beliefs about the use of PLS-SEM in business research. In addition, this article can be used as a reference to make it easier for applied researchers to decide what methods, techniques, and tools will be used to complete their research. In addition, at the end of this article, we will discuss how PLS-SEM can be applied to develop theory in business research through a series of technical introductions taking into account user needs. Subsequently, this article will be equipped with a systematic procedure that discusses            the evaluation flow of each PLS-SEM test through illustrations with a notated model using SmartPLS.
Structural insights into Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease‐linked mutations in human GDAP1
Authors: Sutinen Aleksi , Nguyen Giang Thi Tuyet , Raasakka Arne , Muruganandam Gopinath , Loris Remy , Ylikallio Emil , Tyynismaa Henna , Bartesaghi Luca , Ruskamo Salla , Kursula Petri
Published: May 2022

Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral polyneuropathy in humans, and its different subtypes are linked to mutations in dozens of different genes. Mutations in ganglioside‐induced differentiation‐associated protein 1 (GDAP1) cause two types of CMT, demyelinating CMT4A and axonal CMT2K. The GDAP1‐linked CMT genotypes are mainly missense point mutations. Despite clinical profiling and in vivo studies on the mutations, the etiology of GDAP1‐linked CMT is poorly understood. Here, we describe the biochemical and structural properties of the Finnish founding CMT2K mutation H123R and CMT2K‐linked R120W, both of which are autosomal dominant mutations. The disease variant proteins retain close to normal structure and solution behavior, but both present a significant decrease in thermal stability. Using GDAP1 variant crystal structures, we identify a side‐chain interaction network between helices ⍺3, ⍺6, and ⍺7, which is affected by CMT mutations, as well as a hinge in the long helix ⍺6, which is linked to structural flexibility. Structural analysis of GDAP1 indicates that CMT may arise from disruption of specific intra‐ and intermolecular interaction networks, leading to alterations in GDAP1 structure and stability, and, eventually, insufficient motor and sensory neuron function.
Designing a Redox Heterojunction for Photocatalytic “Overall Nitrogen Fixation” under Mild Conditions
Authors: Xia Pengfei , Pan Xiancheng , Jiang Shenlong , Yu Jiaguo , He Bowen , Ismail Pir Muhammad , Bai Wei , Yang Jingjing , Yang Lan , Zhang Huanhuan , Cheng Ming , Li Huiyi , Zhang Qun , Xiao Chong , Xie Yi
Published: May 2022

Ammonia and nitrates are the most fundamental and significant raw ingredients in human society. Till now, industrial synthetic ammonia by Haber–Bosch process and industrial synthetic nitrates by the Ostwald process have encountered increasingly serious challenges, i.e., high energy consumption, high cost, and environment‐harmful gas emissions. Therefore, developing alternative approaches to achieve nitrogen fixation to overcome the inherent deficiencies of the well‐established Haber–Bosch and Ostwald processes has fascinated scientists for many years, especially the simultaneous formation of ammonia and nitrate directly from N2 molecules, which has been rarely studied. Herein, a heterojunction‐based photocatalytic system is designed to successfully achieve “overall nitrogen fixation,” a sustainable and simultaneous conversion of N2 molecules into ammonia and nitrate products under mild conditions. In this heterojunction, interfacial charge redistribution (ICR) promotes selective accumulations of photogenerated electrons and holes in the CdS and WO3 components. As a result, N2 molecules can be activated and reduced to ammonia products with yields of 35.8 µmol h−1 g−1 by a multi‐electron process, and synchronously oxidized into nitrate products with yields of 14.2 µmol h−1 g−1 by a hole‐induced oxidation coupling process. This work provides a novel insight and promising approach to realize artificial nitrogen fixation under mild condition.
Biotemplated Shell Micromotors for Efficient Degradation of Antibiotics via Enhanced Peroxymonosulfate Activation
Authors: Wang Ke , Ma Enhui , Wang Hong
Published: May 2022

Self‐propelled magnetic MnO2@pollen micromotors have been developed as active heterogeneous catalysts of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for efficient degradation of antibiotics. The MnO2 nanosheets (NSs) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) are constructed on hollow pollens with small openings, endowing the natural materials with multifunctional properties. MnO2 NSs can decompose H2O2 to provide propulsion for micromotor movement, and also cooperate with Fe3O4 NPs to activate PMS to produce active free radicals SO4·−. Together with the OH· generated by Fe3O4 NPs and H2O2, the prepared micromotor catalyst can realize the degradation of tetracycline (TC) within several minutes. The self‐propulsion and abundant bubble formation cause effective fluid mixing and intensification of mass transfer, making up the low diffusivity defect of traditional heterogeneous catalysts. Moreover, the magnetic properties lay a foundation for the long‐range magnetic control and reutilization of heterogeneous catalysts, avoiding wastage and secondary contamination. The proposed self‐propelled pollen micromotors provide a highly efficient, economic, and environmentally friendly platform for the degradation of antibiotics.
Synchronous Disintegration of Ferroptosis Defense Axis via Engineered Exosome‐Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Therapy
Authors: Li Boyan , Chen Xin , Qiu Wei , Zhao Rongrong , Duan Jiazhi , Zhang Shouji , Pan Ziwen , Zhao Shulin , Guo Qindong , Qi Yanhua , Wang Wenhan , Deng Lin , Ni Shilei , Sang Yuanhua , Xue Hao , Liu Hong , Li Gang
Published: May 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most fatal central nervous system tumors and lacks effective or sufficient therapies. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered method of programmed cell death and opens a new direction for GBM treatment. However, poor blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration, reduced tumor targeting ability, and potential compensatory mechanisms hinder the effectiveness of ferroptosis agents during GBM treatment. Here, a novel composite therapeutic platform combining the magnetic targeting features and drug delivery properties of magnetic nanoparticles with the BBB penetration abilities and siRNA encapsulation properties of engineered exosomes for GBM therapy is presented. This platform can be enriched in the brain under local magnetic localization and angiopep‐2 peptide‐modified engineered exosomes can trigger transcytosis, allowing the particles to cross the BBB and target GBM cells by recognizing the LRP‐1 receptor. Synergistic ferroptosis therapy of GBM is achieved by the combined triple actions of the disintegration of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and the glutathione peroxidase 4 ferroptosis defense axis with Fe3O4 nanoparticle‐mediated Fe2+ release. Thus, the present findings show that this system can serve as a promising platform for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Regulation of Nucleotide Metabolism with Nutrient‐Sensing Nanodrugs for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Xinye , Su Wen , Jiang Yongbin , Jia Fuhao , Huang Wenping , Zhang Jie , Yin Yue , Wang Hai
Published: May 2022

The continual growth of tumor cells requires considerable nutrient consumption. Methotrexate (MTX) is used to treat certain types of cancer by blocking the DNA and RNA productions through interfering one‐carbon metabolism and de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis. However, treatment of MTX may cause many serious adverse effects, which hamper its clinical application. Herein, the authors synthesize ferrous ions, histidine, and MTX assembled nanoparticles (FHM) to deliver MTX at tumor site and enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to MTX with histidine catabolism. Furthermore, fasting‐mimicking diet (FMD) is applied to intervene in the one‐carbon metabolism and enhance the cytotoxicity of MTX. Meanwhile, FMD treatment can significantly augment the cellular uptake and tumor accumulation of FHM nanoparticles. Due to the triple inhibitions of the one‐carbon metabolism, the proliferation of tumor cells is strongly disturbed, as which is highly replying on DNA and RNA production. Taken together, a 95% lower dose of MTX adopted in combined therapy significantly inhibits the growth of two types of murine tumors without evident systemic toxicity. This strategy may provide a promising nucleotide metabolism‐based nanomedicine for cancer therapy.
Cyclic Mechanical Stresses Alter Erythrocyte Membrane Composition and Microstructure and Trigger Macrophage Phagocytosis
Authors: Garcia‐Herreros Antoni , Yeh Yi‐Ting , Peng Zhangli , del Álamo Juan C.
Published: May 2022

Red blood cells (RBCs) are cleared from the circulation when they become damaged or display aging signals targeted by macrophages. This process occurs mainly in the spleen, where blood flows through submicrometric constrictions called inter‐endothelial slits (IES), subjecting RBCs to large‐amplitude deformations. In this work, RBCs are circulated through microfluidic devices containing microchannels that replicate the IES. The cyclic mechanical stresses experienced by the cells affect their biophysical properties and molecular composition, accelerating cell aging. Specifically, RBCs quickly transition to a more spherical, less deformable phenotype that hinders microchannel passage, causing hemolysis. This transition is associated with the release of membrane vesicles, which self‐extinguishes as the spacing between membrane‐cytoskeleton linkers becomes tighter. Proteomics analysis of the mechanically aged RBCs reveals significant losses of essential proteins involved in antioxidant protection, gas transport, and cell metabolism. Finally, it is shown that these changes make mechanically aged RBCs more susceptible to macrophage phagocytosis. These results provide a comprehensive model explaining how physical stress induces RBC clearance in the spleen. The data also suggest new biomarkers of early "hemodamage" and inflammation preceding hemolysis in RBCs subjected to mechanical stress.
Insights from a decade in the life of public Ph.D.‐granting agricultural economics departments
Authors: Hilmer Christiana E. , Hilmer Michael J.
Published: May 2022

We examine annual salaries over a 10‐year period for 423 teaching/research faculty in 23 public Ph.D.‐granting agricultural economics departments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze panel data for agricultural economics faculty members from a variety of universities. Using a fixed effects model, we find that the highest returns are derived from gaining years of experience, moving between universities, receiving tenure, and obtaining the rank of full professor. The fixed effects estimation relative to a cross‐section does not show evidence of the negative returns to seniority that is typically found in studies analyzing academic labor markets.
TEMPO‐Oxidized Nanofibrillated Cellulose Assisted Exfoliation of MoS2/Graphene Composites for Flexible Paper‐Anodes
Authors: Cao Shaomei , Liu Panpan , Miao Miao , Fang Jianhui , Feng Xin
Published: May 2022

TEMPO‐oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (ONFC) with charged carboxyl groups is introduced for the efficient exfoliation of two‐dimensional (2D) MoS2/graphene composites. As an effective dispersant agent, ONFC can be easily absorbed between the adjacent layers, so as to prevent the accumulation of the exfoliated nanosheets. With the assistance of charged ONFC, the exfoliated MoS2/graphene is gradually increased in the aqueous dispersions with the elongated sonication time. After dewatering, self‐standing MoS2/Graphene/ONFC/CNTs composite films are rationally constructed using ONFC as flexible fibrous skeleton, and CNTs/graphene as 1D/2D interpenetrating electrical networks. Ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets anchored on the 1D/2D heterogeneous networks is directly acted as an ideal paper‐anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) without using traditional metallic current collector. The self‐standing flexible electrode materials based on natural cellulose will promote the future green electronics with high flexibility, miniaturization, and increased portability.
High‐level production of wild‐type and oxidation‐resistant recombinant alpha‐1‐antitrypsin in glycoengineered CHO cells
Authors: Koyuturk Izel , Kedia Surbhi , Robotham Anna , Star Alexandra , Brochu Denis , Sauvageau Janelle , Kelly John , Gilbert Michel , Durocher Yves
Published: May 2022

Alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (A1AT) is a serine protease inhibitor which blocks the activity of serum proteases including neutrophil elastase to protect the lungs. Its deficiency is known to increase the risk of pulmonary emphysema as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Currently, the only treatment for patients with A1AT deficiency is weekly injection of plasma‐purified A1AT. There is still today no commercial source of therapeutic recombinant A1AT, likely due to significant differences in expression host‐specific glycosylation profile and/or high costs associated with the huge therapeutic dose needed. Accordingly, we aimed to produce high levels of recombinant wild‐type A1AT, as well as a mutated protein (mutein) version for increased oxidation resistance, with N‐glycans analogous to human plasma‐derived A1AT. To achieve this, we disrupted two endogenous glycosyltransferase genes controlling core α−1,6‐fucosylation (Fut8) and α−2,3‐sialylation (ST3Gal4) in CHO cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, followed by overexpression of human α−2,6‐sialyltransferase (ST6Gal1) using a cumate‐inducible expression system. Volumetric A1AT productivity obtained from stable CHO pools was 2.5‐ to 6.5‐fold higher with the cumate‐inducible CR5 promoter compared to five strong constitutive promoters. Using the CR5 promoter, glycoengineered stable CHO pools were able to produce over 2.1 and 2.8 g/L of wild‐type and mutein forms of A1AT, respectively, with N‐glycans analogous to the plasma‐derived clinical product Prolastin‐C. Supplementation of N‐acetylmannosamine to the cell culture media during production increased the overall sialylation of A1AT as well as the proportion of bi‐antennary and disialylated A2G2S2 N‐glycans. These purified recombinant A1AT proteins showed in vitro inhibitory activity equivalent to Prolastin‐C and substitution of methionine residues 351 and 358 with valines rendered A1AT significantly more resistant to oxidation. The recombinant A1AT mutein bearing an improved oxidation resistance described in this study could represent a viable biobetter drug, offering a safe and more stable alternative for augmentation therapy.
Atypical Parkinsonism: Methamphetamine may play a role
Authors: Salari Mehri , Hojjati Pour Fatemeh , Rashedi Ronak , Etemadifar Masoud
Published: May 2022

Abusing methamphetamine can be considered as an agent that can cause or affect the course of atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS), which may raise attention regarding preventing abusing these drugs.
Patient with Dravet syndrome: A case report
Authors: Yadav Rukesh , Shah Sangam , Bhandari Bibek , Marasini Kundan , Mandal Prince , Murarka Hritik , Pandey Anuj Kumar , Sharma Paudel Basanta
Published: May 2022

Dravet syndrome is rare genetic epilepsy syndrome and epileptic encephalopathy. The patient initially has normal developmental profile with plateau or regression that begins after seizure onset. We report a case of two‐year‐old child diagnosed as dravet syndrome with moderate cerebral atrophy and ventricular dilatation as rare MRI finding.
Investigation and Visualization of Flow Fields in Stirred Tank Reactors Using a Fluorescence Tracer Method
Authors: Matzke Marian , Behrens Cheryl , Jongebloed Niklas , Steins Dominik , Ulbricht Mathias , Schultz Heyko Jürgen
Published: May 2022

In this study, flow fields in stirred tank reactors are investigated by a fluorescence tracer method. For these measurements, a fluorescent dye is inserted into a stirred tank reactor and distributed by the impeller flow, following the characteristic main circulation pathways. By this means, the main flow fields can be detected and visualized. Originally developed and used for the investigation of viscoelastic fluids, the method was adapted for Newtonian fluids with low viscosity in this study, with impeller installation height and impeller Reynolds numbers selected as influencing parameters. The resulting flow fields in both single‐ and double‐impeller setups match the known structures from literature excellently. Therefore, the developed fluorescence tracer method has proven to be a promising supplement to the established repertoire of fluid investigation methods, with little effort in both experiment itself as well as the following data analysis steps.
Ein Radarsensor für alle Medien
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: May 2022

Via Webapplikation den Radarsensor im Beschaffungsprozess selbst konfigurieren und sich dabei keine Gedanken über das richtige Modell für die geplante Anwendung machen. Das klingt schon sehr simpel, aber genau das ist die Idee hinter dem neuen Konzept des Füllstandssensors Vegapuls 6x von Vega. Der Messtechnikhersteller setzt in dem Sensor eine neue Chiptechnologie ein, die sich nicht nur für Schüttgüter oder Flüssigkeiten programmieren lässt, sondern die auch SIL‐fähig und gegen Cyberangriffe gewappnet ist.
Hochwirksame Konzentrate sicher herstellen
Authors: Hilleke Ludger
Published: May 2022

Um Pflanzenschutzmittel herzustellen, sind moderne Prozessanlagen notwendig. Im Fachbeitrag werden die Prozessschritte Vakuumtrocknen und Mischen‐Kühlen im Detail betrachtet: Wie lässt sich apparatetechnisch thermischer Stress am besten vermeiden? Welche Rolle spielen Mischgüten und Wärmetauschflächen? Weshalb können Amixon‐Apparate aufgrund ihrer besonderen Konstruktionsmerkmale in diesem herausfordernden Umfeld zur Produktionseffizienz beitragen?
Die Qualität im Blick behalten
Authors: Gehard Iris
Published: May 2022

Da der Leitstand im Werk von Heidelberg Cement in Ennigerloh in die Jahre gekommen war, entschieden sich die Verantwortlichen für eine komplette Neugestaltung der Anlagenüberwachung. In den von der Jungmann Systemtechnik (JST) eingerichteten Räumlichkeiten befindet sich nun ein hochmoderner Kontrollraum mit zwei ergonomischen Arbeitsplätzen für die Operator und flexibel einsetzbarer Technik.
Development of Isatin‐Based Schiff Bases Targeting VEGFR‐2 Inhibition: Synthesis, Characterization, Antiproliferative Properties, and QSAR Studies
Authors: Seliem Israa A. , Panda Siva S. , Girgis Adel S. , Tran Queen L. , Said Mona F. , Bekheit Mohamed S. , Abdelnaser Anwar , Nasr Soad , Fayad Walid , Soliman Ahmed A. F. , Sakhuja Rajeev , Ibrahim Tarek S. , Abdel‐Samii Zakaria K. M. , Al‐Mahmoudy Amany M. M.
Published: May 2022

Three sets of isatin‐based Schiff bases were synthesized utilizing the molecular hybridization approach. Some of the synthesized Schiff bases show significant to moderate antiproliferative properties against MCF7 (breast), HCT116 (colon), and PaCa2 (pancreatic) cancer cell lines with potency compared to reference drugs 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and Sunitinib. Among all, compound 17 f (3‐((1,5‐dimethyl‐3‐oxo‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)imino)‐1‐((1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)‐5‐methylindolin‐2‐one) exhibits promising antiproliferative properties against the MCF7 cancer cell line with 2.1‐fold more potency than Sunitinib. However, among all the synthesized compounds, three (5‐methylisatin derivatives) were the most effective against HCT116 in comparison to 5‐FU. Compound 17 f exhibited the highest anti‐angiogenic effect on the vasculature as it significantly reduced BV from 43 mm to 2 mm in comparison to 5.7 mm for Sunitinib and flow cytometry supports the arrest of the cell cycle at G1/S phases. In addition, compound 17 f also showed high VEGFR‐2 inhibition properties against breast cancer cell lines. Robust 2D‐QSAR studies supported the biological data.
Psychological predictors of treatment adherence among patients with diabetes (types I and II): Modified information–motivation–behavioural skills model
Authors: Akbari Mehdi , Seydavi Mohammad , Rowhani Nayyereh S. , Nouri Naemeh
Published: May 2022

Non‐adherence to medical regimens among patients with diabetes is a well‐recognized concern in health care. Modified information, motivation, behavioural skills (IMB) model by adding an emotion component to it was tested to explore predictors of treatment adherence among 1,125 Iranian patients with diabetes type I (T1D) and type II (T2D) and due to other medical conditions. The modified IMB model explained 35% of the treatment adherence with large effect‐sizes f2 = 0.56 to 0.69. Self‐compassion and interpersonal communication between staff and patients (ICSP) were significant predictors of treatment adherence among patients with T1D, T2D and diabetes due to other medical conditions, while both outperformed the other significant predictors of treatment adherence, i.e., illness perception and social support in all groups. Distress intolerance was a significant predictor of treatment adherence only in patients with T2D. In addition, patients, based on their type of diabetes, exhibited different patterns of illness perception in predicting treatment adherence. Among T2D patients and those with diabetes due to other medical conditions, gender (male; only in T2D) and being single were significant predictors of treatment adherence, while age and diabetes duration were not. Finally, the model demonstrated that above and beyond demographic features, self‐compassion, interpersonal communication between patients and health care staff, distress intolerance, perceived social support and illness perception were significant predictors of treatment adherence among patients with diabetes.
Evaluation of fluoride varnish treatment of postorthodontic white spot lesions by visual inspection and laser fluorescence—A randomized controlled study
Authors: Tomaževič Tanja , Drevenšek Martina , Kosem Rok
Published: May 2022

Objectives

White spot lesions (WSLs), as a side effect of orthodontic therapy, can be treated with fluoride varnish, with the difference in efficiency reported.

Material and methods

Patients with buccal WSLs were consecutively included in a randomized controlled double‐blind study. At first inspection and at three follow‐ups over 6 months, 0.1% fluoride varnish and placebo (water) were applied in the test group (N = 21) and control group (N = 21), respectively. The maximum laser fluorescence value (LFV) of WSLs was recorded using DIAGNOdent. Between the groups, differences in the mean numbers of WSLs and the mean LFV of WSLs per patient at different time points were analyzed with mixed‐design analysis of variance. Orthodontic therapy duration (OTD) was included in the model as a covariate.

Results

A decrease in the mean WSLs number and LFV was observed; however, there were no significant differences between study groups at any time point. OTD was in interaction only with LFV. Analysis showed a different pattern of mean LFV changes for patients with OTD of >48 months compared to patients with OTD of ≤24.

Conclusion

The changes in numbers of WSLs and LFV over the study period indicated regression of WSLs, but an additional effect of FV was not confirmed.
Unheard voices: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on disordered eating in people with marginalized identities: Commentary on Devoe et al. (2022), Linardon et al. (2022) and Schneider et al. (2022)
Authors: Mikhail Megan Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Reviews by Devoe et al. (2022), Linardon et al. (2022), and Schneider et al. (2022) illustrate the profound impact the COVID‐19 pandemic has had on people with eating disorders (EDs) or disordered eating (DE) and their families. However, there is a dearth of research on how the pandemic has affected individuals with marginalized identities, who have been historically underrepresented in ED/DE research. The few studies conducted to date suggest that people with marginalized identities, including people of color, LGBTQ + people, women, and people experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage, may have had even greater increases in EDs/DE than people without marginalized identities. In this Commentary, I discuss who is missing from research on EDs/DE during the COVID‐19 pandemic, strategies for breaking down barriers to participation in research for diverse groups, and the implications of existing research findings for people with marginalized identities. Improved measurement of salient aspects of participants' identities and increased recruitment and retention of participants from diverse backgrounds is necessary to more fully understand the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on all people affected by EDs and DE. Concurrently, increased access to affordable and culturally sensitive care is urgently required to meet the extensive treatment needs already documented
Reply to comment on “How Green is Blue Hydrogen?”
Authors: Howarth Robert W. , Jacobson Mark Z.
Published: May 2022

In their comment on our 2021 paper “How Green is Blue Hydrogen,” Romano et al. purport to provide “a more balanced perspective on blue hydrogen, which is in line with current best available practices.” We strongly disagree. First, we categorically dismiss their presentation on methane emissions. Methane dominates the greenhouse gas footprint of blue hydrogen in our analysis, and our estimates were based on very recent, peer‐reviewed science. Romano et al., in sharp contrast, use only three sources: (1) a 2015 non‐peer‐reviewed report (which gave reasonable values, although at the low end, since based on older science, but nonetheless compatible with our paper); (2) a 2018 report from the International Energy Agency (which also gave values consistent with ours, but has been updated by the Agency in a 2022 report to give much higher values that are very consistent with ours); and (3) a value from a cartoon on a web site from an oil and gas industry trade group (i.e., not supported by any data or references and is simply wrong based on peer‐reviewed science). We cannot stress enough that the Romano et al. criticism of our methane emission rates is based totally on this industry web‐site cartoon. Beyond the methane issue, our analysis used actual data for capture of carbon dioxide from real‐world operations. Romano et al. dismiss the use of real‐world data, and instead rely on presentations from theoretical studies. We find this fanciful. But even if one accepts their theoretical values for carbon capture, the greenhouse gas footprint of blue hydrogen remains unacceptably high because of methane. We unequivocally stand by our analyses and conclusions: There is no room for blue hydrogen in a decarbonized energy future. The Romano et al. result derives from a cartoon and hypothetical guesses, not scientific data.
Exploring changes to resident thriving and associated factors in Swedish nursing homes: A repeated cross‐sectional study
Authors: Baxter Rebecca , Lövheim Hugo , Björk Sabine , Sköldunger Anders , Edvardsson David
Published: May 2022

Objective

This study aimed to explore changes to resident thriving in Swedish nursing homes over a 5‐year period and describe changes in associated factors.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data were collected from a randomised sample of Swedish nursing homes in 2013/2014 (baseline) and 2018/2019 (follow‐up). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t‐tests, and chi squared tests were used to statistically evaluate differences between the samples. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore associations between thriving and the study variables.

Results

Resident characteristics were relatively consistent between the full baseline (N = 4831) and follow‐up (N = 3894) samples. Within a sub‐sample of nursing homes that participated in both data collections mean thriving scores were found to have increased from 152.9 to 155.2 (p ≤ 0.003; d =0.09) and overall neuropsychiatric index scores had decreased from 16.0 to 14.3 (p ≤ 0.004; d =0.09), as had the prevalence of several neuropsychiatric symptoms. Thriving was found to have a positive association with the neuropsychiatric symptom of elation/euphoria, and negative associations with the symptoms of aggression/agitation, depression/dysphoria, apathy, and irritability.

Conclusions

The results show an increase in overall thriving scores and a decrease in overall neuropsychiatric scores between baseline and follow‐up. This study confirmed associations between thriving and certain neuropsychiatric symptoms and established comparative knowledge regarding changes in resident thriving, characteristics, and symptom prevalence. These findings could inform future care and organisational policies to support thriving in nursing homes, particularly among residents at risk of lower thriving due to cognitive impairment or neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Roots and progress: A review of civic learning and democratic engagement on college campuses
Authors: Taylor Joshua K. , Rouillard Jansen
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, the authors trace the historical roots of civic learning and democratic engagement in higher education from the founding of the first institutions to the present day. In different major historical moments, universities elevated their mission to develop an engaged citizenry. Furthermore, public perception of the purpose for higher education acts as a pendulum, swinging between higher education as a public good or as a private good. The intersections of these perceptions, along with critical moments in which colleges and universities emphasized civic learning and democratic engagement shaped the past, and understanding these historical moments can help shape the future ways in which higher education institutions embrace their democratic purpose.