bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical radiology: Going an extra mile for patient care
Authors: Joish Upendra Kumar , Sahni Hirdesh , Reddy R Harikiran , Sreekanth Vivek
Published: June 2018

Context: Clinical details help radiologists report accurately. However, the clinical aspect has taken a backseat among radiologists, who are overdependent on referral notes. This leads to inaccurate assessment, financial burden, and loss of man hours. Aims: To re-emphasize the benefits of detailed clinical evaluation and real-time monitoring of imaging in interpreting images. Settings and Design: Prospective study. Materials and Methods: A study was done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis for 10 days, including all referred patients above 18 years of age. Detailed history taking and examination was done by radiologists prior to imaging. Any additional significant clinical detail was endorsed on the referral slips. Appropriate imaging modality under given circumstances was carried out. Imaging was studied by the radiologists, near simultaneously with the acquisition. Any additional imaging needed was performed on the same day. Comprehensive reports with specific outputs were provided. Wherever apt, imaging-guided management options were offered to the patients. Results: During the study, 1024 patients with mean age of 46.3 years underwent various types of imaging, including radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound scans, and fluoroscopic procedures. Additional clinical details were endorsed in referral slips in 32.4% patients, 53% of which helped in interpreting images appropriately. Primary imaging modality was changed in 3% patients. Additional imaging was done in 10.9% patients. 3.6% of patients underwent imaging-guided procedures. Conclusion: Detailed history taking and examination help radiologists in deciding appropriate imaging and better interpretation of images. This will also reduce the number of visits to the hospital and expenditure on part of patients.
Preoperative ultrasonography for tumor thickness evaluation in guiding management in patients with early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nair Anirudh V. , Meera M. , Rajamma Bindhu M. , Anirudh Soumya , Nazer P. K. , Ramachandran P. V.
Published: June 2018

Objectives: (1) To assess the statistical correlation between the tumor thickness (TT) by ultrasonography (USG) and microscopic measurement in cases of early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). (2) To assess the predictive capacity of TT by ultrasound in detecting nodal metastasis. Materials and Methods: Prospective analysis was performed in 24 patients for a period of 2 years from 2012 to 2013. Nodal status and TT measurement was done preoperatively by neck and intraoral USG respectively in cases of early (pT1 & T2, clinically N0) OTSCC. As per the institution protocol after histopathological confirmation of malignancy, all patients underwent resection of primary lesion and ipsilateral elective neck dissection (Level - I to IV). Measurement of TT was obtained intraoperatively from fresh glossectomy specimen and postoperatively from histopathological paraffin section examination. The statistical correlation between TT measured by USG and histopathology was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Chi-square test was used to find the association of pathological T stage, TT with pathological nodal status. Results: Significant statistical correlation was seen between TT by USG and microscopic measures. Between the two, TT measurements were within 1 mm in 37.5% (9/24) of cases, within 2 mm in 29.16% (7/24), and was greater than 2 mm in 8 cases. The Pearson’s correlation r is 0.678 (P < 0.001) and ICC (interclass correlation coefficient) is 0.808. The average difference between microscopic and US thickness (Bias) is -0.14637 and the limits of agreement is (4.717, -4.863) with 95% limits of agreement. The rate of occult nodal metastasis was 16.6% and TT of <4 mm had no incidence of nodal metastasis. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic evaluation is reliable and cost-effective tool to measure the TT preoperatively, which will be of help in deciding the management in early OTSCC. TT of 4 mm and above was predictor of occult cervical nodal metastasis.
A simple quality control tool for assessing integrity of lead equivalent aprons
Authors: Livingstone Roshan S. , Varghese Anna
Published: June 2018

Background: Protective lead or lead-equivalent (Pbeq) aprons play a key role in providing necessary shielding from secondary radiation to occupational workers. Knowledge on the integrity of these shielding apparels during purchase is necessary to maintain adequate radiation safety. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the lead equivalence in aprons based on simple quality assessment tool. Materials and Methods: 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm lead and lead-free aprons from 6 manufacturers were assessed using a calibrated digital X-ray unit. The percentage attenuation values of the aprons were determined at 100 kVp using an ionization chamber and the pixel intensities were analyzed using digital radiographic images of lead apron, copper step wedge tool, and 2 mm thick lead. Results: Mean radiation attenuation of 90% and 97% was achieved in 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm lead or lead-free aprons respectively. The pixel intensities from 0.25 mm Pbeq apron correspond to 0.8–1.2 mm thickness of Cu while 0.5 mm Pbeq aprons correspond to 2.0–2.8 mm of Cu. Conclusion: Pixel intensity increased with increase in the thickness of copper step wedge indicating a corresponding increase in lead equivalence in aprons. It is suggestive that aprons should be screened for its integrity from the time of purchase using computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, or radiography. It is recommended that this simple test tool could be used for checking lead equivalence if any variation in contrast is seen in the image during screening.
Coronary-pulmonary fistula with common sac: An uncommon variant
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Achar Shashidhar , Garg Naveen K. , Kumar Sunil
Published: June 2018

A 68-year-old male patient presented with chief complaints of chest pain and dyspnea on exertion. On physical examination, his pulse was regular at 82 bpm and blood pressure was 140/80 mmHg. Resting electrocardiography (ECG) was within normal limit and chest X-ray also did not reveal any significant abnormality. Routine blood investigations were unremarkable; transthoracic echocardiography also did not show any significant abnormality. Catheter coronary angiography revealed severe triple vessel disease and showed possibility of coronary artery fistula. Computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography showed three aberrant branches arising from right and left coronary arteries forming a sac which subsequently opened into the main pulmonary artery.
Identification and profiling of microRNA between back and belly Skin in Rex rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Zhao Bohao , Chen Yang , Mu Lin , Hu Shuaishuai , Wu Xinsheng
Published: June 2018

Skin is an important trait for Rex rabbits and skin development is influenced by many processes, including hair follicle cycling, keratinocyte differentiation and formation of coat colour and skin morphogenesis. We identified differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) between the back and belly skin in Rex rabbits. In total, 211 miRNAs (90 upregulated miRNAs and 121 downregulated miRNAs) were identified with a |log2 (fold change)|>1 and P-value<0.05. Using target gene prediction for the miRNAs, differentially expressed predicted target genes were identified and the functional enrichment and signalling pathways of these target genes were processed to reveal their biological functions. A number of differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be involved in regulation of the cell cycle, skin epithelium differentiation, keratinocyte proliferation, hair follicle development and melanogenesis. In addition, target genes regulated by miRNAs play key roles in the activities of the Hedgehog signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway, Osteoclast differentiation and MAPK pathway, revealing mechanisms of skin development. Nine candidate miRNAs and 5 predicted target genes were selected for verification of their expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A regulation network of miRNA and their target genes was constructed by analysing the GO enrichment and signalling pathways. Further studies should be carried out to validate the regulatory relationships between candidate miRNAs and their target genes.
Errors in nanoparticle growth rates inferred from measurements in chemically reacting aerosol systems
Authors: Li Chenxi , McMurry Peter H.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In systems in which aerosols are being formed by chemical transformations,
individual particles grow due to the addition of molecular species. Efforts
to improve our understanding of particle growth often focus on attempts to
reconcile observed growth rates with values calculated from models. However,
because it is typically not possible to measure the growth rates of
individual particles in chemically reacting systems, they must be inferred
from measurements of aerosol properties such as size distributions, particle
number concentrations, etc. This work discusses errors in growth rates
obtained using methods that are commonly employed for analyzing atmospheric
data. We analyze “data” obtained by simulating the formation of aerosols in
a system in which a single chemical species is formed at a constant rate,
R. We show that the maximum overestimation error in measured growth rates
occurs for collision-controlled nucleation in a single-component system in
the absence of a preexisting aerosol, wall losses, evaporation or dilution,
as this leads to the highest concentrations of nucleated particles. Those
high concentrations lead to high coagulation rates that cause the nucleation
mode to grow faster than would be caused by vapor condensation alone. We also
show that preexisting particles, when coupled with evaporation, can
significantly decrease the concentration of nucleated particles. This can
lead to decreased discrepancies between measured growth rate and true growth
rate by reducing coagulation among nucleated particles. However, as particle
sink processes become stronger, measured growth rates can potentially be
lower than true particle growth rates. We briefly discuss nucleation
scenarios in which the observed growth rate approaches zero while the true
growth rate does not.
Comparison of primary aerosol emission and secondary aerosol formation from gasoline direct injection and port fuel injection vehicles
Authors: Du Zhuofei , Hu Min , Peng Jianfei , Zhang Wenbin , Zheng Jing , Gu Fangting , Qin Yanhong , Yang Yudong , Li Mengren , Wu Yusheng , Shao Min , Shuai Shijin
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Gasoline vehicles significantly contribute to urban particulate
matter (PM) pollution. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, known for
their higher fuel efficiency than that of port fuel injection (PFI) engines,
have been increasingly employed in new gasoline vehicles. However, the impact
of this trend on air quality is still poorly understood. Here, we
investigated both primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA)
formation from a GDI and a PFI vehicle under an urban-like driving condition,
using combined approaches involving chassis dynamometer measurements and
an environmental chamber simulation. The PFI vehicle emits slightly more
volatile organic compounds, e.g., benzene and toluene, whereas the GDI
vehicle emits more particulate components, e.g., total PM, elemental
carbon, primary organic aerosols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Strikingly, we found a much higher SOA production (by a factor of
approximately 2.7) from the exhaust of the GDI vehicle than that of the PFI
vehicle under the same conditions. More importantly, the higher SOA
production found in the GDI vehicle exhaust occurs concurrently with lower
concentrations of traditional SOA precursors, e.g., benzene and toluene,
indicating a greater contribution of intermediate volatility organic
compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds in the GDI vehicle exhaust to
the SOA formation. Our results highlight the considerable potential
contribution of GDI vehicles to urban air pollution in the future.
Production and transport mechanisms of NO in the polar upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere in observations and models
Authors: Hendrickx Koen , Megner Linda , Marsh Daniel R. , Smith-Johnsen Christine
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) in the lower thermosphere efficiently cools
the atmosphere after periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity. Transport from
this reservoir to the stratosphere within the winter polar vortex allows NO
to deplete ozone levels and thereby affect the middle atmospheric heat
budget. As more climate models resolve the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
(MLT) region, the need for an improved representation of NO-related processes
increases. This work presents a detailed comparison of NO in the Antarctic
MLT region between observations made by the Solar Occultation for Ice
Experiment (SOFIE) instrument on-board the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere
(AIM) satellite and simulations performed by the Whole Atmosphere Community
Climate Model with Specified Dynamics (SD-WACCM). We investigate 8 years of
SOFIE observations, covering the period 2007–2015, and focus on the Southern
Hemisphere (SH), rather than on dynamical variability in the Northern
Hemisphere (NH) or a specific geomagnetic perturbed event. The morphology of
the simulated NO is in agreement with observations though the long-term mean
is too high and the short-term variability is too low in the thermosphere.
Number densities are more similar during winter, though the altitude of peak
NO density, which reaches between 102 and 106 km in WACCM and between 98 and
104 km in SOFIE, is most separated during winter. Using multiple linear
regression (MLR) and superposed epoch analysis (SEA) methods, we investigate
how well the NO production and transport are represented in the model. The
impact of geomagnetic activity is shown to drive NO variations in the lower
thermosphere similarly across both datasets. The dynamical transport from the
lower thermosphere into the mesosphere during polar winter is found to agree
very well with a descent rate of about 2.2 km day−1 in the 80–110 km
region in both datasets. The downward-transported NO fluxes are, however, too
low in WACCM, which is likely due to medium energy electrons (MEE) and
D-region ion chemistry that are not represented in the model.
Long-term trends in total inorganic nitrogen and sulfur deposition in the US from 1990 to 2010
Authors: Zhang Yuqiang , Mathur Rohit , Bash Jesse O. , Hogrefe Christian , Xing Jia , Roselle Shawn J.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Excess deposition (including both wet and dry deposition) of nitrogen and
sulfur is detrimental to ecosystems. Recent studies have investigated the
spatial patterns and temporal trends of nitrogen and sulfur wet deposition,
but few studies have focused on dry deposition due to the scarcity of dry
deposition measurements. Here, we use long-term model simulations from the
coupled Weather Research and Forecasting and the Community Multiscale Air
Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model covering the period from 1990 to 2010 to study
changes in spatial distribution as well as temporal trends in total (TDEP),
wet (WDEP), and dry deposition (DDEP) of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and
sulfur (TS) in the United States (US). We first evaluate the model's
performance in simulating WDEP over the US by comparing the model results
with observational data from the US National Atmospheric Deposition Program.
The coupled model generally underestimates the WDEP of both TIN (including
both the oxidized nitrogen deposition, TNO3, and the reduced
nitrogen deposition, NHx) and TS, with better performance in
the eastern US than the western US. The underestimation of the wet deposition
by the model is mainly caused by the coarse model grid resolution, missing
lightning NOx emissions, and the poor temporal and spatial
representation of NH3 emissions. TDEP of both TIN and TS shows
significant decreases over the US, especially in the east, due to the large
emission reductions that occurred in that region. The decreasing trends of
TIN TDEP are caused by decreases in TNO3, and the increasing trends
of TIN deposition over the Great Plains and Tropical Wet Forests (Southern
Florida Coastal Plain) regions are caused by increases in NH3
emissions, although it should be noted that these increasing trends are not
significant. TIN WDEP shows decreasing trends throughout the US, except for
the Marine West Coast Forest region. TIN DDEP shows significant decreasing
trends in the Eastern Temperate Forests, Northern Forests, Mediterranean
California, and Marine West Coast Forest and significant increasing trends in the Tropical Wet Forests,
Great Plains and Southern Semi-arid Highlands. For the other three regions
(North American Deserts, Temperate Sierras, and Northwestern Forested
Mountains), the decreasing or increasing trends are not significant. Both the WDEP and DDEP of TS have
decreases across the US, with a larger decreasing trend in the DDEP than that
in the WDEP. Across the US during the 1990–2010 period, DDEP of TIN
accounts for 58–65 % of TDEP
of TIN. TDEP of TIN over the US is
dominated by deposition of TNO3 during the first decade, which then
shifts to reduced nitrogen
(NHx) dominance after 2003, resulting from a combination of
NOx emission reductions and NH3 emission
increases. The sulfur DDEP is
usually higher than the sulfur WDEP until recent years, as the sulfur DDEP
has a larger decreasing trend than
WDEP.
Simultaneous observations of NLC and MSE at midlatitudes:
Implications for formation and advection of ice particles
Authors: Gerding Michael , Zöllner Jochen , Zecha Marius , Baumgarten Kathrin , Höffner Josef , Stober Gunter , Lübken Franz-Josef
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Ice particles in the summer mesopause region can be observed from ground either optically by lidars (then often called Noctilucent Clouds, NLC) or using radars (then called (Polar) Mesospheric Summer Echoes, (P)MSE). Lidar observations are limited to larger particles (> 10 nm), while radars are also sensitive to small particles (
Methane profiles from GOSAT thermal infrared spectra
Authors: de Lange Arno , Landgraf Jochen
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This paper discusses the retrieval of atmospheric methane profiles from the
thermal infrared band of the Japanese Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite
(GOSAT) between 1210 and 1310 cm−1, using the RemoTeC analysis
software. Approximately one degree of information on the vertical methane
distribution is inferred from the measurements, with the main sensitivity at
about 9 km altitude but little sensitivity to methane in the lower
troposphere. For verification, we compare the GOSAT-TIR methane profile
retrieval results with profiles from model fields provided by the Monitoring
Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) project, scaled to the total
column measurements of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) at
ground-based measurement sites. Without any radiometric corrections of GOSAT
observations, differences between both data sets can be as large as 10 %. To
mitigate these differences, we developed a correction scheme using a
principal component analysis of spectral fit residuals and airborne
observations of methane during the HIAPER pole-to-pole observations (HIPPO)
campaign II and III. When the correction scheme is applied, the bias in the
methane profile can be reduced to less than 2 % over the whole altitude range
with respect to MACC model methane fields. Furthermore, we show that, with
this correction, the retrievals result in smooth methane fields over land and
ocean crossings and no differences can be discerned between daytime and
nighttime measurements. Finally, a cloud filter is developed for the
nighttime and ocean measurements. This filter is rooted in the GOSAT-TIR
(thermal infrared) measurements and its performance, in terms of biases, is consistent with the
cloud filter based on the GOSAT-SWIR (shortwave infrared) measurements. The TIR filter shows a
higher acceptance rate of observations than the SWIR filter, at the cost of a
higher uncertainty in the retrieved methane profiles.
Application of High-Dimensional Fuzzy K-means Cluster Analysis to CALIOP/CALIPSO Version 4.1 Cloud-Aerosol Discrimination
Authors: Zeng Shan , Vaughan Mark , Liu Zhaoyan , Trepte Charles , Kar Jayanta , Omar Ali , Winker David , Lucker Patricia , Hu Yongxiang , Getzewich Brian , Avery Melody
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This study applies fuzzy K-means cluster analyses to a subset of the parameters reported in the CALIPSO lidar level 2 data products and compares the clustering results with cloud-aerosol discrimination (CAD) scores reported in the version 4.1 release of the CALIPSO data products. The selection of samples, data training, performance measurements, fuzzy linear discriminants, defuzzification, error propagation, and key parameter analyses in feature type discrimination are discussed. Statistical results show that the fuzzy K-means classification agrees with the CAD algorithm classification for more than 94 % of the cases in troposphere. This is because the lidar-measured signatures of most clouds and aerosols are naturally different. Based on their different natures, objective methods can effectively separate clouds from aerosols in most cases. In addition to validating the current CAD algorithm, the fuzzy K-means clustering can also provide new insights and supplemental information to help better understand the driving parameters in the scene classification process.
Zonal-mean data set of global atmospheric reanalyses on pressure levels
Authors: Martineau Patrick , Wright Jonathon S. , Zhu Nuanliang , Fujiwara Masatomo
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This data set, which is prepared for the SPARC-Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP), provides several zonal-mean diagnostics computed from reanalysis data on pressure levels. Diagnostics are currently provided for a variety of reanalyses, including ERA-40, ERA-Interim, ERA-20C, NCEP-NCAR, NCEP-DOE, CFSR, 20CR v2 and v2c, JRA-25, JRA-55, JRA-55C, JRA-55AMIP, MERRA, and MERRA-2. The data set will be expanded to include additional reanalyses as they become available. Basic dynamical variables (such as temperature, geopotential height and three-dimensional winds) are provided in addition to a complete set of terms from the Eulerian-mean and transformed Eulerian-mean momentum equations. Total diabatic heating and its long-wave and short-wave components are included as availability permits, along with heating rates diagnosed from the basic dynamical variables using the zonal-mean thermodynamic equation. Two versions of the data set are provided, one that uses horizontal and vertical grids provided by the various reanalysis centers, and another that uses a common grid to facilitate comparison among data sets. For the common grid, all diagnostics are interpolated horizontally onto a regular 2.5° ×2.5° grid for a subset of pressure levels that are common amongst all included reanalyses. The dynamical (Martineau, 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.5285/b241a7f536a244749662360bd7839312) and diabatic (Wright, 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.5285/70146c789eda4296a3c3ab6706931d56) variables are archived and maintained by the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA).
A high-resolution air temperature data set for the Chinese Tianshan
Mountains in 1979–2016
Authors: Gao Lu , Wei Jianhui , Wang Lingxiao , Bernhardt Matthias , Schulz Karsten , Chen Xingwei
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The Chinese Tianshan Mountains has a complex ecological environment system. It not only has a large number of desert oases, but also gave birth to a large number of glaciers. The arid climate and the shortage of water resources are the important factors to restrict the socio-economic development in this area. This study presents a unique high-resolution (1 km, 6-hourly) air temperature data set for the Chinese Tianshan Mountains (41.1814–45.9945° N, 77.3484–96.9989° E) from 1979 to 2016 based on a robust statistical downscaling framework. The data set was validated by 24 meteorological stations at daily scale. Compared with original ERA-Interim temperature, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient increased from 0.90 to 0.94 over all test sites. Around 24 % of root-mean-square error was reduced from 3.75 to 2.85 °C. A skill score based on the probability density function, which was used to validate the reliability of the new data set for capturing the distributions, enhanced from 0.86 to 0.91 for all test sites. We conclude that the new high-resolution data set is reliable for climate change investigation over the Chinese Tianshan Mountains. This data set would be helpful for the potential users for better local climate monitoring, modelling and environmental studies in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains. The data set presented in this article is published in Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.887700. The data set includes 288 nc files and one user guidance in txt file.
Effects of univariate and multivariate bias correction on hydrological impact projections in alpine catchments
Authors: Meyer Judith , Kohn Irene , Stahl Kerstin , Hakala Kirsti , Seibert Jan , Cannon Alex J.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Alpine catchments show a high sensitivity to climate variation as they include the elevation range of the snow line. Therefore, the correct representation of climate variables and their interdependence is crucial when describing or predicting hydrological processes. When using climate model simulations in hydrological impact studies, forcing meteorological data are usually downscaled and bias corrected, most often by univariate approaches such as quantile mapping of individual variables. However, univariate correction neglects the relationships that exist between climate variables. In this study glacio-hydrological simulations were performed for two partly glacierized alpine catchments using a recently developed multivariate bias correction method to post-process EURO-CORDEX regional climate model outputs between 1976 and 2100. These simulations were compared to those obtained by using the common univariate quantile mapping for bias correction. As both methods correct each climate variable’s distribution in the same way, the marginal distributions of the individual variables show no differences. Yet, regarding the interdependence of precipitation and air temperature, clear differences are notable in the studied catchments. Simultaneous correction based on the multivariate approach lead to more precipitation below air temperatures of 0 °C and therefore more simulated snowfall than with the data of the univariate approach. This difference translated to considerable consequences for the hydrological responses of the catchments. The multivariate bias correction forced simulations showed distinctly different results for projected snow cover characteristics, snowmelt-driven streamflow components, and expected glacier disappearance dates in the future. For the historical period the fraction of precipitation above and below 0 °C, the simulated snow water equivalents, glacier volumes, and the streamflow regime resulting from the multivariate-corrected data corresponded better with reference data than the results of univariate bias correction. Differences in simulated total streamflow due to the different bias correction approaches may be considered negligible given the generally large spread of the projections, but systematic differences in the seasonally delayed streamflow components from snowmelt in particular will matter from a planning perspective. While this study does not allow concluding definitively that multivariate bias correction approaches are generally preferable, it clearly demonstrates that incorporating or ignoring inter-variable relationships between air temperature and precipitation data can impact the conclusions drawn in hydrological climate change impact studies.
Estimating Radar Precipitation in Cold Climates: The role of Air Temperature within a Nonparametric Framework
Authors: Sivasubramaniam Kuganesan , Sharma Ashish , Alfredsen Knut
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In cold climates, the form of precipitation (snow or rain or a mixture of snow and rain) results in uncertainty in radar precipitation estimation. Estimation often proceeds without distinguishing the state of precipitation which is known to impact the radar reflectivity–precipitation relationship. In the present study, we investigate the use of air temperature within a nonparametric predictive framework to improve radar precipitation estimation for cold climates. Compared to radar reflectivity–gauge relationships, this approach uses gauge precipitation and air temperature observations to estimate radar precipitation. A nonparametric predictive model is constructed with radar precipitation rate and air temperature as predictor variables, and gauge precipitation as an observed response using a k-nearest neighbour (k-nn) regression estimator. The relative importance of the two predictors is ascertained using an information theory-based rationale. Four years (2011–2015) of hourly radar precipitation rate from the Norwegian national radar network over the Oslo region, hourly gauged precipitation from 68 gauges, and gridded observational air temperature were used to formulate the predictive model and hence make our investigation possible. Gauged precipitation data were corrected for wind induced catch error before using them as true observed response. The predictive model with air temperature as an added covariate reduces root mean squared error (RMSE) by up to 15 % compared to the model that uses radar precipitation rate as the sole predictor. More than 80 % of gauge locations in the study area showed improvement with the new method. Further, the associated impact of air temperature became insignificant at more than 85 % of gauge locations when the temperature was above 10 degrees Celsius, which indicates that the partial dependence of precipitation on air temperature is most important for colder climates alone.
ERA-5 and ERA-Interim driven ISBA land surface model simulations: which one performs better?
Authors: Albergel Clement , Dutra Emanuel , Munier Simon , Calvet Jean-Christophe , Munoz-Sabater Joaquin , de Rosnay Patricia , Balsamo Gianpaolo
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) recently
released the first 7-year segment of its latest atmospheric reanalysis: ERA-5
over the period 2010–2016. ERA-5 has important changes relative to the former ERA-Interim
atmospheric reanalysis including higher spatial and temporal resolutions as
well as a more recent model and data assimilation system. ERA-5 is foreseen
to replace ERA-Interim reanalysis and one of the main goals of this study is
to assess whether ERA-5 can enhance the simulation performances with respect
to ERA-Interim when it is used to force a land surface model (LSM). To that
end, both ERA-5 and ERA-Interim are used to force the ISBA (Interactions
between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere) LSM fully coupled with the Total
Runoff Integrating Pathways (TRIP) scheme adapted for the CNRM (Centre
National de Recherches Météorologiques) continental hydrological
system within the SURFEX (SURFace Externalisée) modelling platform of
Météo-France. Simulations cover the 2010–2016 period at half a
degree spatial resolution. The ERA-5 impact on ISBA LSM relative to ERA-Interim is evaluated using
remote sensing and in situ observations covering a substantial part of the
land surface storage and fluxes over the continental US domain.
The remote sensing observations include (i) satellite-driven model
estimates of land evapotranspiration, (ii) upscaled ground-based observations
of gross primary production, (iii) satellite-derived estimates of surface
soil moisture and (iv) satellite-derived estimates of leaf area index (LAI).
The in situ observations cover (i) soil moisture, (ii) turbulent heat fluxes,
(iii) river discharges and (iv) snow depth. ERA-5 leads to a consistent
improvement over ERA-Interim as verified by the use of these eight
independent observations of different land status and of the model
simulations forced by ERA-5 when compared with ERA-Interim. This is
particularly evident for the land surface variables linked to the terrestrial
hydrological cycle, while variables linked to vegetation are less impacted.
Results also indicate that while precipitation provides, to a large extent,
improvements in surface fields (e.g. large improvement in the representation
of river discharge and snow depth), the other atmospheric variables play an
important role, contributing to the overall improvements. These results
highlight the importance of enhanced meteorological forcing quality provided
by the new ERA-5 reanalysis, which will pave the way for a new generation of
land-surface developments and applications.
Isso foi compartilhado com sucesso: questões de consumo midiático dos jovens paulistanos no Facebook.
Authors: Alves M.Cristina Dias , Trindade Eneus , De Souza Lívia Silva , Mauro Rosana , Baader Cinira
Published: June 2018

A Rede Brasil Conectado desenvolve estudos sobre as práticas dos jovens brasileiros na internet com a colaboração de equipes de pesquisadores de universidades de todo o país. A fase exploratória da pesquisa “Jovem e consumo midiático em tempos de convergência”, da qual participamos, nos forneceu alguns dados que desencadearam reflexões sobre os sentidos emergentes da trajetória dos jovens paulistanos na rede social Facebook. Neste texto, especificamente, nos atemos aos dados dos perfis e aos supertemas recorrentes nos posts dos jovens observados para inferir sobre usos e consumos midiáticos nesta rede social e, inclusive, como o Facebook participa na manutenção ou na transformação das culturas na lógica das sociedades midiatizadas.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO ATMOSFÉRICA QUANDO DA OCORRÊNCIA DE EVENTOS EXTREMOS DE CHUVA NA REGIÃO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Reboita Michelle Simões , Marietto Diogo Malagutti Gonçalves , Souza Amanda , Barbosa Marina
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma descrição das características da atmosfera que contribuíram para elevados totais de precipitação no sul de Minas Gerais e que foram precursores de dois episódios de inundação e alagamento na cidade de Itajubá: um em 16 de janeiro de 1991 e outro em 02 de janeiro de 2000. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do Climate Prediction Center e da reanálise ERA-Interim do European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Entre os resultados, têm-se que os episódios de inundação e alagamento ocorridos na cidade de Itajubá, em ambos os anos, estiveram associados à atuação da Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul, que se estendia da Amazônia, passando pelo sudeste do Brasil, e chegava ao Atlântico Sul.
ENSAIO SOBRE A VARIAÇÃO DA TEMPERATURA SUPERFICIAL APARENTE
Authors: Neves Gustavo Zen de Figueiredo , Felício Ricardo Augusto , Macedo Silvio Soares , Vecchia Francisco Arthur da Silva
Published: June 2018

No Brasil e no mundo a ilha de calor é o fenômeno mais estudado em climatologia urbana. É um fenômeno multifacetado com uma série de possíveis causas, atingindo intensidade máxima poucas horas após o pôr do Sol. As regiões tropicais carecem de estudos do clima das cidades, como também do balanço de radiação em escala micro climática. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as variações da temperatura superficial aparente de elementos urbanos, por meio de um termômetro infravermelho na cidade de São Carlos-SP. O experimento revelou que as temperaturas são demasiadamente elevadas próximas a altura média dos pedestres mesmo com limitada visão do céu. Houve um atraso na perda de calor para algumas superfícies observadas no período noturno, e variabilidade no desempenho térmico nas camadas verticais sobrejacentes ao chão.
ANÁLISE DAS TENDÊNCIAS ESPAÇO-TEMPORAIS DAS PRECIPITAÇÕES ANUAIS PARA O ESTADO DO PARANÁ – BRASIL.
Authors: Ely Deise , Dubreuil Vincent
Published: June 2018

O presente trabalho sintetiza as análises dos resultados da aplicação da modelagem dos dados pluviométricos anuais, oriundos do Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) e da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), com o intuito de identificar as tendências espaço-temporais das chuvas no estado do Paraná; calculadas ao nível dos pixels dos mapas, com uma resolução espacial de um quilômetro possibilitada pela alta densidade de estações com dados de precipitação disponíveis para o estado. Foi verificado que as tendências mais expressivas observadas no estado são aquelas que indicam aumento das precipitações anuais, mas para áreas mais específicas. Enquanto que as tendências de redução nas precipitações anuais abrangem uma área maior do estado, porém com índices mais modestos. As áreas que apresentaram tendências de aumento nos testes da Correlação Linear e de Mann-Kendall são as mesorregiões: Metropolitana (mais especificamente Curitiba e o norte do litoral paranaense), Centro-Sul, Oeste (Catanduvas), Centro-Ocidental (Altamira do Paraná), Norte Central e Norte Pioneiro. E as mesorregiões em que as precipitações anuais tendem a diminuir são: Centro-Oriental, Norte Central (Maringá e Califórnia), Noroeste, Sudeste e o extremo oeste da mesorregião Oeste.
A HETEROGENEIDADE E DINÂMICAS DA PAISAGEM NA INTERAÇÃO TERRA-ATMOSFERA NO MUNICÍPIO DE NOVA IGUAÇU (RJ) A PARTIR DA APLICAÇÃO DE GEOTECNOLOGIAS LIVRES
Authors: Menezes Wallace De Araújo , Mendes Laura Delgado
Published: June 2018

O artigo tem o objetivo de identificar e analisar a relação entre os padrões de Cobertura e Uso da Terra e as condições de Temperatura da Superfície Terrestre (TST) no município de Nova Iguaçu (RJ) no período entre 1990 e 2015, a partir de dados de sensores remotos processados em programa de Sistema de Informações Geográficas de código aberto. A análise da cobertura e uso da terra, assim como o mapeamento térmico da superfície terrestre através de sensor infravermelho são ferramentas de suma importância para os estudos ambientais, gestão de recursos naturais e para o planejamento ambiental e urbano. E, atualmente, têm sido facilitada pela maior disponibilidade de geotecnologias, essenciais nos estudos sobre as alterações antrópicas, assim como para a antecipação e mitigação de impactos. As variações na TST estão diretamente relacionadas com a heterogeneidade da paisagem e mudanças na cobertura e uso da terra. Os resultados indicaram a supressão da vegetação (4,01%) e de áreas de pastagens e/ou campos abertos (13,57%). Por outro lado, observou-se o aumento expressivo da urbanização (53,7%), assim como de áreas com solos expostos (26,07%). Constatou-se a estreita relação entre as áreas construídas com as maiores temperaturas de superfície estimadas, e que merecem extrema atenção na medida em que influenciam as dinâmicas hidrogeomorfológicas e climáticas em diferentes escalas. Além disso, constatou-se o papel da cobertura vegetal na redução da TST nas áreas de Unidades de Conservação ou mesmo no seu entorno, assim como a sua influência, combinada à rugosidade do relevo, em condições de temperaturas intermediárias entre as áreas mais densamente florestadas e as áreas construídas. Com isso, ressalta-se a interação terra-atmosfera nessa área e as possibilidades da utilização de geotecnologias disponíveis de forma gratuita e de fácil acesso que podem servir como instrumentos fundamentais para tais estudos e para o planejamento ambiental e urbano.
IMPACTOS DOS ANOS CLIMÁTICOS EXTREMOS NO RENDIMENTO DA LAVOURA TEMPORÁRIA DE MANDIOCA NA REGIÃO RURAL DA METRÓPOLE DE BELÉM - PARÁ
Authors: Souza Paulo Fernando de Souza , De Souza Everaldo Barreiros , Queiroz Joaquim Carlos Brabosa , Silva Junior João De Athaydes
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho apresenta uma contribuição aos estudos sobre os impactos do clima regional na agricultura da Amazônia oriental, particularmente da lavoura temporária de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Foram utilizados dados da base municipal da Região Rural da Metrópole de Belém (RRB) no estado do Pará com informações agrícolas (área colhida, quantidade produzida e rendimento médio) e climatológicas (precipitação) no período de 1990 a 2014. Os resultados das correlações evidenciaram que o regime pluviométrico anual afeta o rendimento da mandioca em diversos municípios, sendo que identificou-se um padrão heterogêneo com valores positivos e negativos se alternando ao longo da região. As análises de impactos nos anos climáticos extremos EC- (El Niño no Pacífico e GrNorte no Atlântico) e EC+ (La Niña no Pacífico e GrSul no Atlântico) mostraram uma resposta diferente ao longo da região com sinais favoráveis e desfavoráveis ao rendimento médio de mandioca.
AVALIAÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA PRECIPITAÇÃO DA MICRORREGIÃO DO BREJO PARAIBANO
Authors: Neto Pedro Chagas , Araújo Lincoln Eloi de
Published: June 2018

A precipitação no Nordeste brasileiro apresenta uma grande variabilidade, devido aos diferentes sistemas produtores de chuvas atuantes na região e ao fato de está localizado na região semi-árida do Brasil. Aplicou-se o Índice de Anomalia de Chuva (IAC) em uma série histórica de 21 anos a fim de avaliar a climatologia espaço-temporal da Microrregião do Brejo Paraibano, bem como observar a intensidade dos períodos secos e úmidos. Observou-se que dentro de cada ano existem dois períodos distintos, um período úmido que vai de fevereiro a agosto e um período seco, que vai de setembro a janeiro. Na climatologia espacial observa-se uma melhor distribuição da precipitação na região Oeste/Noroeste da microrregião, sendo mais evidente no mês de junho, o qual tem maior variabilidade de precipitação. A Microrregião do Brejo Paraibano possui uma grande variabilidade de precipitação, sendo o período de fevereiro a agosto a melhor época para o plantio e aporte hídrico da região
PROGRAMA TANDEM - CELIN
Authors: Ruano Bruna Pupatto , Baukat Silveira Fernanda
Published: June 2018

O texto é um informativo sobre um projeto baseado no aprendizado autônomo de língua estrangeira, que é conhecido internacionalmente como tandem, e já faz parte do currículo oficial de várias instituições de ensino européias.
LÍNGUA E CULTURA DO BRASIL. PRESENÇA EM CUBA
Authors: Brinas Maria de los Angeles Pupo
Published: June 2018

Esse artigo apresenta uma experiência cubana de ensino de português-língua estrangeira (PLE) numa nova etapa da política educacional realizada em Cuba. Trata-se de uma revolução cultural cujo objetivo fundamental é aquisição de uma cultura geral integral por parte da população. Para tanto foi criado um programa televisivo chamado Universidade para Todos no canal educativo que incluiu cursos de línguas estrangeiras que contribuem àquele objetivo.
Decreation and the Ethical Bind
Authors: Cha Yoon Sook
Published: June 2018

Decreation and the Ethical Bind identifies a decreative ethics, whereby self-dispossession underwrites an ethical obligation to preserve the other from harm. The author shows how obligation emerges at the conjuncture of competing claims: between the other’s subject affirmation and one’s own dislocation, between what one has and what one has to give, between a demand that asks for too much and the extraordinary demand of asking nothing. In the unfolding and reiteration of themes issuing from the other’s claim upon oneself develops a complex picture of the tensions that sustain the scene of ethical relationality. Just how these tensions both subtend and undercut an other-centered ethics of preservation is the question this book tarries with. By proposing a way to read the distinct ethical charge of the other’s claim not to be harmed, Decreation and the Ethical Bind offers a novel treatment of the concept of decreation in the thought of Simone Weil, putting her work in dialogue with Emmanuel Levinas, Maurice Blanchot and Judith Butler. In examining themes of ethical obligation, vulnerability and the force of weak speech, the present study places Weil within a continental tradition of literary theory in which writing and speech are bound up with questions of ethical appeal. It contributes a new and critical voice to the current conversation in theory and criticism that addresses a difficult form of ethics that isn’t grounded in subjective agency and narrative fruition, but in the risks taken to fulfill the claims it makes.
The Key-Attributes That Influence the Fans’ Perceptions of the Corinthians’ Ecosystem
Authors: Silva Edson Coutinho da , Casas Alexandre Luzzi Las
Published: June 2018

Objective: This article aims to understand and analyse which fans’ attributes most infers in their view concerning the sports ecosystem of the Sport Club Corinthians for sporting events. Methodology: an exploratory research was carried out consisting 78 topics using the Likert scale to be administered to 180 sports fans in 3 matches between February and March 2017. The analysis procedure followed three steps: (i) calculating the chi-square testes cross tables; (ii) selecting the topics which achieved less than 5% significance; (iii) and identifying that group of fans’ attributes that are most similar and most divergent. Findings: monthly salary is the most critical fan attribute; monthly attendance is the second fan attribute most divergent. Fans understand that the stadium as well as partnerships and sponsorships as the critical dimensions of the Corinthians’ ecosystem. Conclusion: Therefore, 2 out of 3 hypotheses were confirmed. Besides, issue as to gender is not a critical fans’ attributes for the Corinthians’ marketers.
Diskurser om de andre, identitet og norskhet
Authors: Eide Elisabeth
Published: June 2018

Artikkelen analyserer debatten i et utvalg norske riksaviser, etter lanseringen av Brochmann II-rapporten (1. februar 2017). Brochmann II-utvalgets mandat var å utrede virkningen av høy innvandring for samfunnsøkonomien og for videreutvikling av tillit og samhold i samfunnet. Hovedspørsmålet i analysen er Hvilke diskurser om norskhet og tilhørighet kan identifiseres i pressedebatten som fulgte offentliggjøringen av Brochmann II-rapporten? Innvevd i denne problemstillingen er drøfting av begreper som etnisitet og norsk kultur, om kriterier for tilhørighet til det norske/nasjonen. Disse kommer åpent eller mer subtilt til uttrykk i 37 presseartikler som handler om norskhet og tilhørighet, idet debattantene dels ser på kultur som en ‘tykk’, stabil størrelse, dels som en ’tynn’ mer dynamisk størrelse. Artikkelen gir en kort oversikt over debatten og hvem som deltar, og viser at når norskheten settes under lupen, er det i overveiende grad i opinionsartikler. De viktigste diskursene i materialet er en anti-essensialistisk dynamisk kulturdiskurs – i kontrast til en problematisk innvandring-diskurs. Begge trekker på eldre, tidligere kartlagte diskurser, men i det analyserte materialet er det få spor av ‘bindestreks-identiteter’ (jf. norsk-somalisk o.l.); i stedet handler det her om å være (eller ikke være) norsk. En rekke personer med minoritetsbakgrunn deltar i debatten og understreker sin norske identitet. Under de ulike diskursene skimter vi en diagnosekollisjon – en uenighet, knyttet til verdistandpunkt, om tilstanden i det norske samfunnet.