bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discriminative Features in Three Autosomal Recessive Cutis Laxa Syndromes: Cutis Laxa IIA, Cutis Laxa IIB, and Geroderma Osteoplastica
Authors: Kariminejad Ariana , Afroozan Fariba , Bozorgmehr Bita , Ghanadan Alireza , Akbaroghli Susan , Khorram Khorshid Hamid , Mojahedi Faezeh , Setoodeh Aria , Loh Abigail , Tan Yu , Escande-Beillard Nathalie , Malfait Fransiska , Reversade Bruno , Gardeitchik Thatjana , Morava Eva
Published: March 2017

Cutis laxa is a heterogeneous condition characterized by redundant, sagging, inelastic, and wrinkled skin. The inherited forms of this disease are rare and can have autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked inheritance. Three of the autosomal recessive cutis laxa syndromes, namely cutis laxa IIA (ARCL2A), cutis laxa IIB (ARCL2B), and geroderma osteodysplastica (GO), have very similar clinical features, complicating accurate diagnosis. Individuals with these conditions often present with cutis laxa, progeroid features, and hyperextensible joints. These conditions also share additional features, such as short stature, hypotonia, and congenital hip dislocation, but the severity and frequency of these findings are variable in each of these cutis laxa syndromes. The characteristic features for ARCL2A are abnormal isoelectric focusing and facial features, including downslanting palpebral fissures and a long philtrum. Rather, the clinical phenotype of ARCL2B includes severe wrinkling of the dorsum of the hands and feet, wormian bones, athetoid movements, lipodystrophy, cataract and corneal clouding, a thin triangular face, and a pinched nose. Normal cognition and osteopenia leading to pathological fractures, maxillary hypoplasia, and oblique furrowing from the outer canthus to the lateral border of the supraorbital ridge are discriminative features for GO. Here we present 10 Iranian patients who were initially diagnosed clinically using the respective features of each cutis laxa syndrome. Each patient’s clinical diagnosis was then confirmed with molecular investigation of the responsible gene. Review of the clinical features from the cases reported from the literature also supports our conclusions.
MicroRNA-146b: A Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Human Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Chou Chen-Kai , Liu Rue-Tsuan , Kang Hong-Yo
Published: March 2017

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common tumor subtype of thyroid cancer. However, not all PTCs are responsive to current surgical and radioiodine treatment. The well-established clinical prognostic factors include tumor size, lymph node/distal metastasis, and extrathyroidal invasion. The RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF linear molecular signaling cascade is known to mediate PTC pathogenesis. However, whether presence of BRAF mutation, the most common genetic alteration in PTC, can affect PTC behavior and prognosis is controversial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been labeled as promising molecular prognostic markers in several tumor types. Our recent studies demonstrated that microRNA-146b (miR-146b) deregulation is associated with PTC aggressiveness and prognosis. Here we summarize the current knowledge related to the functional roles, regulated target genes, and clinical applications of miR-146b in PTC and discuss how these studies provide insights into the key role of miR-146b as an oncogenic regulator promoting cellular transformation as well as a prognosis marker for tumor recurrence in PTC. In conjunction with the current perspectives on miRNAs in a wide variety of human cancers, this review will hopefully translate these updated findings on miR-146b into more comprehensive diagnostic or prognostic information regarding treatment in PTC patients before surgical intervention and follow up strategies.
Overview of Potential Clinical Applications of Hemoglobin Vesicles (HbV) as Artificial Red Cells, Evidenced by Preclinical Studies of the Academic Research Consortium
Authors: Sakai Hiromi
Published: March 2017

Hemoglobin (Hb) is the most abundant protein in whole blood. This fact implies that the oxygen binding and releasing function of Hb is the most vital for sustaining life. All Hb is compartmentalized in red blood cells (RBCs) with corpuscular Hb concentration of about 35 g/dL, covered with a thin biomembrane. In spite of its abundance, Hb sometimes shows toxicity once it is leaked from RBCs. The shielding effect of the RBC membrane is physiologically important. Based on this structural importance, we have studied artificial red cells (Hb vesicles, HbV) as artificial oxygen carriers, which encapsulate a purified and concentrated Hb solution in phospholipid vesicles, mimicking the cellular structure of RBCs. Our academic research consortium has clarified the safety and efficacy of this HbV, aiming at clinical applications. Because of some superior characteristics to those of RBCs, HbV has the potential for use not only as a transfusion alternative but also for oxygen and carbon monoxide therapeutics, perfusate for transplant organs, and photosensitizer. In this review paper, such potential applications are summarized.
Magnesium–Gold Alloy Formation by Underpotential Deposition of Magnesium onto Gold from Nitrate Melts
Authors: Cvetković Vesna , Jovićević Niko , Stevanović Jasmina , Pavlović Miomir , Vukićević Nataša , Stevanović Zoran , Jovićević Jovan
Published: March 2017

Magnesium underpotential deposition on gold electrodes from magnesium nitrate –ammonium nitrate melts has been investigated. Linear sweep voltammetry and potential step were used as electrochemical techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for characterization of obtained electrode surfaces. It was observed that reduction processes of nitrate, nitrite and traces of water (when present), in the Mg underpotential range studied, proceeded simultaneously with magnesium underpotential deposition. There was no clear evidence of Mg/Au alloy formation induced by Mg UPD from the melt made from eutectic mixture [Mg(NO3)2·6H2O + NH4NO3·XH2O]. However, EDS and XRD analysis showed magnesium present in the gold substrate and four different Mg/Au alloys being formed as a result of magnesium underpotential deposition and interdiffusion between Mg deposit and Au substrate from the melt made of a nonaqueous [Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3] eutectic mixture at 460 K.
The Addition of Liquid Fructose to a Western-Type Diet in LDL-R−/− Mice Induces Liver Inflammation and Fibrogenesis Markers without Disrupting Insulin Receptor Signalling after an Insulin Challenge
Authors: Sangüesa Gemma , Baena Miguel , Hutter Natalia , Montañés José , Sánchez Rosa , Roglans Núria , Laguna Juan , Alegret Marta
Published: March 2017

A high consumption of fat and simple sugars, especially fructose, has been related to the development of insulin resistance, but the mechanisms involved in the effects of these nutrients are not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of a Western-type diet and liquid fructose supplementation, alone and combined, on insulin signalling and inflammation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient mice (LDL-R−/−). LDL-R−/− mice were fed chow or Western diet ±15% fructose solution for 12 weeks. Plasma glucose and insulin, and the expression of genes related to inflammation in the liver and visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT), were analysed. V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog-2 (Akt) activation was measured in the liver of the mice after a single injection of saline or insulin. None of the dietary interventions caused inflammation in vWAT, whereas the Western diet induced hepatic inflammation, which was further enhanced by liquid fructose, leading also to a significant increase in fibrogenesis markers. However, there was no change in plasma glucose or insulin, or insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis markers induced by a Western diet supplemented with liquid fructose in LDL-R−/− mice are not associated with a significant impairment of hepatic insulin signalling.
Vitamins and Microelement Bioavailability in Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Jankowska Magdalena , Rutkowski Bolesław , Dębska-Ślizień Alicja
Published: March 2017

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) predisposes one to either deficiency or toxic excess of different micronutrients. The knowledge on micronutrients—specifically water-soluble vitamins and trace elements—in CKD is very limited. Consequently, current guidelines and recommendations are mostly based on expert opinions or poor-quality evidence. Abnormalities of micronutrient resources in CKD develop for several reasons. Dietary restrictions and anorexia lead to an insufficient micronutrient intake, while diuretics use and renal replacement therapy lead to their excessive losses. Absorption is unpredictable, and metabolism impaired. Better understanding of the micronutrient needs of CKD patients could have an impact on many complications linked to vitamin and trace element disorders, including high mortality, increased risk of atherosclerosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, anemia, polyneuropathy, encephalopathy, weakness and fragility, muscle cramps, bone disease, depression, or insomnia. Here, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge on micronutrient resources in different stages of CKD, and share our experience with the assessment of micronutrient status.
Constituting Canon and Community in Eleventh Century Tibet: The Extant Writings of Rongzom and His Charter of Mantrins (sngags pa’i bca’ yig)
Authors: Sur Dominic
Published: March 2017

This paper explores some of the work of Rongzom Chökyi Zangpo (hereafter Rongzom) and attempts to situate his pedagogical influence within the “Old School” or Nyingma (rnying ma) tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.1 A survey of Rongzom’s extant writings indicates that he was a seminal exegete and a particularly important philosopher and interpreter of Buddhism in Tibet. He was an influential intellectual flourishing in a period of cultural rebirth, when there was immense skepticism about Tibetan compositions. His work is thereby a source of insight into the indigenous Tibetan response to the transformations of a renaissance-era in which Indian provenance became the sine qua none of religious authority. Rongzom’s “charter” (bca’ yig), the primary focus of the essay, is an important document for our understanding of Old School communities of learning. While we know very little of the social realities of Old School communities in Rongzom’s time, we do know that they were a source of concern for the emerging political and religious authorities in Western Tibet. As such, the review below argues that the production of the charter should be seen, inter alia, as an effort at maintaining autonomy in the face of a rising political power. The analysis also provides insights into the nature of the social obligations operant within Rongzom’s community—constituted as it was by a combination of ritually embodied and discursive philosophical modes of learning.
Human Activity Influences on Vegetation Cover Changes in Beijing, China, from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Jiang Meichen , Tian Shufang , Zheng Zhaoju , Zhan Qian , He Yuexin
Published: March 2017

For centuries, the rapid development of human society has already made human activity the dominant factor in the terrestrial ecosystem. As the city of greatest importance in China, the capital Beijing has experienced eco-environmental changes with unprecedented economic and population growth during the past few decades. To better understand the ecological transition and its correlations in Beijing, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) images were used to investigate vegetation coverage changes using a dimidiate pixel model. Piecewise linear regression, bivariate-partial correlation analysis, and factor analysis were applied to the probing of the relationship between vegetation coverage changes and climatic/human-induced factors. The results showed that from 2000 to 2005, 2005 to 2010, and 2010 to 2015, Beijing experienced both restoration (6.33%, 10.08%, and 12.81%, respectively) and degradation (13.62%, 9.35%, and 9.49%, respectively). The correlation analysis results between climate and vegetation changes demonstrated that from 2000 to 2015, both the multi-year annual mean temperature (r = −0.819, p < 0.01) and the multi-year annual mean precipitation (r = 0.653, p < 0.05) had a significantly correlated relationship with vegetation change. The Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project (BTSSCP) has shown beneficial spatial effects on vegetation restoration; the total effectiveness in conservation areas (84.94 in 2000–2010) was much better than non-BTSSCP areas (34.34 in 2000–2010). The most contributory socioeconomic factors were the population (contribution = 54.356%) and gross domestic product (GDP) (contribution = 30.677%). The population showed a significantly negative correlation with the overall vegetation coverage (r = −0.684, p < 0.05). The GDP was significantly negatively correlated with vegetation in Tongzhou, Daxing, Central city, Fangshan, Shunyi, and Changping (r = −0.601, p < 0.01), while positively related in Huairou, Miyun, Pinggu, Mentougou and Yanqing (r = 0.614, p < 0.01). These findings confirm that human activity is a very significant factor in impacting and explaining vegetation changes, and that some socioeconomic influences on vegetation coverage are highly spatially heterogeneous, based on the context of different areas.
Improving Soil Moisture Estimation with a Dual Ensemble Kalman Smoother by Jointly Assimilating AMSR-E Brightness Temperature and MODIS LST
Authors: Chen Weijing , Shen Huanfeng , Huang Chunlin , Li Xin
Published: March 2017

Uncertainties in model parameters can easily result in systematic differences between model states and observations, which significantly affect the accuracy of soil moisture estimation in data assimilation systems. In this research, a soil moisture assimilation scheme is developed to jointly assimilate AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System) brightness temperature (TB) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Land Surface Temperature (LST) products, which also corrects model bias by simultaneously updating model states and parameters with a dual ensemble Kalman filter (DEnKS). Common Land Model (CoLM) and a Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) are adopted as model and observation operator, respectively. The assimilation experiment was conducted in Naqu on the Tibet Plateau from 31 May to 27 September 2011. The updated soil temperature at surface obtained by assimilating MODIS LST serving as inputs of RTM is to reduce the differences between the simulated and observed TB, then AMSR-E TB is assimilated to update soil moisture and model parameters. Compared with in situ measurements, the accuracy of soil moisture estimation derived from the assimilation experiment has been tremendously improved at a variety of scales. The updated parameters effectively reduce the states bias of CoLM. The results demonstrate the potential of assimilating AMSR-E TB and MODIS LST to improve the estimation of soil moisture and related parameters. Furthermore, this study indicates that the developed scheme is an effective way to retrieve downscaled soil moisture when assimilating the coarse-scale microwave TB.
Voxel-Based Neighborhood for Spatial Shape Pattern Classification of Lidar Point Clouds with Supervised Learning
Authors: Plaza-Leiva Victoria , Gomez-Ruiz Jose , Mandow Anthony , García-Cerezo Alfonso
Published: March 2017

Improving the effectiveness of spatial shape features classification from 3D lidar data is very relevant because it is largely used as a fundamental step towards higher level scene understanding challenges of autonomous vehicles and terrestrial robots. In this sense, computing neighborhood for points in dense scans becomes a costly process for both training and classification. This paper proposes a new general framework for implementing and comparing different supervised learning classifiers with a simple voxel-based neighborhood computation where points in each non-overlapping voxel in a regular grid are assigned to the same class by considering features within a support region defined by the voxel itself. The contribution provides offline training and online classification procedures as well as five alternative feature vector definitions based on principal component analysis for scatter, tubular and planar shapes. Moreover, the feasibility of this approach is evaluated by implementing a neural network (NN) method previously proposed by the authors as well as three other supervised learning classifiers found in scene processing methods: support vector machines (SVM), Gaussian processes (GP), and Gaussian mixture models (GMM). A comparative performance analysis is presented using real point clouds from both natural and urban environments and two different 3D rangefinders (a tilting Hokuyo UTM-30LX and a Riegl). Classification performance metrics and processing time measurements confirm the benefits of the NN classifier and the feasibility of voxel-based neighborhood.
At the Interface of National and Transnational: The Development of Finnish Policies against Domestic Violence in Terms of Gender Equality
Authors: Virkki Tuija
Published: March 2017

Although gender inequalities are the main social mechanisms behind the (re)production of domestic violence, policy responses to domestic violence as a gender-related problem vary at both the national and transnational levels. This article examines the interaction between national and transnational policies against domestic violence, focusing on how domestic violence is constructed as a gender-related problem in Finland, a Nordic welfare state that is often cited as a role model in gender equality. Using the conception of policies as historically changing and culturally specific discourses, this article offers an overview of the ways in which the perspective on domestic violence of the transnational feminist movement has been engaged and transformed in the Finnish context over the five last decades. It is shown that transnational pressure has played a critical role in pushing Finland towards a stronger recognition of domestic violence as a gender issue. However, this transformation has taken place rather within the framework of more neutral “women-friendly” welfare policies than within a feminist framework. The article concludes that the Finnish way of translating transnational norms to the national level is characterized by a tendency to modify the transformative meanings underpinning the transnational feminist discourses to a more gender-neutral form.
La pratique de l'architecture en France au XXe siècle
Authors: Peyceré David
Published: March 2017

La pratique de l'architecture en France apparaît, tout au long du siècle, marquée par une emprise croissante de l'État, organisateur de la profession en 1940, et régulateur, dans les périodes de crise, par le jeu de la commande publique.

L'article analyse donc la pratique de l'architecture comme profession libérale dans le cadre des politiques successives de l'État, et présente brièvement les principaux corps d'architectes de l'État, dont les traces sont particulièrement nombreuses dans les archives publiques.
La vie du projet : composition d'un dossier d'archives d'architectes
Authors: Peyceré David
Published: March 2017

Avant de donner une typologie archivistique précise des documents susceptibles de constituer un dossier de projet d'architecture (conception, puis éventuellement réalisation), l'article présente les principaux «acteurs » de la pratique architecturale : l'architecte, l'agence architecturale dans les formes qu'elle a prises en France, mais aussi les clients aux statuts variés, le monde des entreprises, les organismes de contrôle.
Le karst de la Pierre Saint-Martin en quelques chiffres (Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France et Navarre, Espagne)
Authors:   ARSIP
Published: March 2017

Le massif de la Pierre Saint-Martin, d'une superficie de 150 km2, présente plus de 150 cavités dépassant 100 m de dénivellation. Un portrait chiffré du karst est donné sous la forme d'une série de données : hydrogéologie, spéléologie, liste de cavités. L'A.R.S.I.P. a pour but de coordonner et de promouvoir les recherches sur le massif en réalisant notamment des publications de synthèse.
Nouvelles observations sur l'hydrogéologie de la région entre Arâches et Flaine (Haute-Savoie)
Authors: Sesiano Jean
Published: March 2017

New hydrogeological investigations in the «Massif de Platé» between Arâches and Flaine (Haute-Savoie, France)

During 1983 and 1984, several dye-tracing experiments have been performed in the French Prealps (Haute-Savoie). The studied area covered about 30 km2, with altitudes ranging between 500 m and 2500 m. An underground drainage model has been set up, taking into account the fact that there is a common water outlet. The model is based upon the regional tectonic setting, the drainage pattern following thrust and fault planes.
Hydrogéologie karstique du poljé d'Irmene-Bodrum (Turquie)
Authors: Canik Baki
Published: March 2017

Karstic hydrogeology of the Irmene polje - Bodrum (Turkey)

The Irmene polje of about 25 km2 is located in the Bodrum peninsula in Turkey. The formation exposed in the studied area, are couloured argilaceous schists, blackish shales and sandstones of a paleozoic age. They are overlapped by unconformable carbonate formations of early Triassic to late Jurassic. The karstification is mostly developped on the non-dolomitic parts of the fissured massive limestones. The groundwater flow is generally northwards, towards coastal or submarine springs. Thus, it is calculated that a discharge of about 40 l/s water can be obtained from possible wells to supply water for the Irmene village. We propose to increase the infiltration rate within the karstic aquifer by building barriers, which would favor runoff towards natural wells or sinks not active for the moment.
Une morphologie karstique typique en zone intertropicale : les karsts du Bas Zaïre
Authors: Quinif Yves
Published: March 2017

Les karsts du bassin du Kwilu dans le Bas-Zaïre offrent des paysages typiques résultant du modelé acquis par les calcaires précambriens du groupe schisto-calcaire en zone intertropicale : karsts à collines coniques («kegelkarst»), karsts à tours résiduelles («turmkarst»). Les séries précambriennes, ici peu tectonisées, sont recouvertes de formations cénozoïques qui jouent un rôle important dans l'évolution du karst. Différents types de cavités sont étudiés et replacés dans le contexte morpho-structural : anciennes grottes essentiellement creusées en karst noyé et à présent démantelées par l'érosion aérienne, circulations cascadantes dans des grottes-tunnels, réseaux complètement noyés. Les formes aériennes sont interprétées comme constituant différents stades évolutifs : dissection d'une surface (morphologique ou structurale) par un réseau hydrographique dendritique, naissance d'un karst à collines coniques se transformant en karst à tours résiduelles dominant une nouvelle surface. L'accent est mis sur l'importance morphogénétique des variations paléoclimatiques et sur l'existence d'une morphologie karstique intertropicale classique en craton tectoniquement stable.
Novel β-cyclodextrin–eosin conjugates
Authors: Benkovics Gábor , Afonso Damien , Darcsi András , Béni Szabolcs , Conoci Sabrina , Fenyvesi Éva , Szente Lajos , Malanga Milo , Sortino Salvatore
Published: March 2017

Eosin B (EoB) and eosin Y (EoY), two xanthene dye derivatives with photosensitizing ability were prepared in high purity through an improved synthetic route. The dyes were grafted to a 6-monoamino-β-cyclodextrin scaffold under mild reaction conditions through a stable amide linkage using the coupling agent 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride. The molecular conjugates, well soluble in aqueous medium, were extensively characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Preliminary spectroscopic investigations showed that the β-cyclodextrin–EoY conjugate retains both the fluorescence properties and the capability to photogenerate singlet oxygen of the unbound chromophore. In contrast, the corresponding β-cyclodextrin–EoB conjugate did not show either relevant emission or photosensitizing activity probably due to aggregation in aqueous medium, which precludes any response to light excitation.
Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor
Authors: Da Silva Alcantara Gabriela , Morais Brilhante Aline Veras , Nunes de Melo Déborah , Nunes Oliveira Denise
Published: March 2017

Giant Condyloma acuminatum (GCA) , or Buschke-Lowenstein tumor (BLT), is a slow-growing, locally destructive, rare tumor that may occur in the anogenital region and it is related to human papillomavirus (HPV), which was first described by Buschke - Lowenstein in 1925. After consulting the databases of Latin American and Caribbean Literature (LILACS) and International Literature in Health Sciences and Biomedical (PubMed), without temporal delimitation or study design, using the MeSH terms "vulvar neoplasms," "giant condyloma of Buschke and Lowenstein", "condylomata acuminate”, we found 24 articles. After exclusion of the articles that did not address the BLT, it remained ten cases reported in the literature. We reported a case of BLT that clashes with the profile described in the literature. Consent was obtained from the patient for publication of the case and images.
An Extraordinary Outburst in the Massive Protostellar System NGC 6334I-MM1: Quadrupling of the Millimeter Continuum
Authors: Hunter T. R. , Brogan C. L. , MacLeod G. , Cyganowski C. J. , Chandler C. J. , Chibueze J. O. , Friesen R. , Indebetouw R. , Thesner C. , Young K. H.
Published: March 2017

Based on sub-arcsecond Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Submillimeter Array (SMA) 1.3 mm continuum images of the massive protocluster NGC 6334I obtained in 2015 and 2008, we find that the dust emission from MM1 has increased by a factor of 4.0 ± 0.3 during the intervening years, and undergone a significant change in morphology. The continuum emission from the other cluster members (MM2, MM4, and the UCH ii region MM3 = NGC 6334F) has remained constant. Long-term single-dish maser monitoring at HartRAO finds that multiple maser species toward NGC 6334I flared beginning in early 2015, a few months before our ALMA observation, and some persist in that state. New ALMA images obtained in 2016 July–August at 1.1 and 0.87 mm confirm the changes with respect to SMA 0.87 mm images from 2008, and indicate that the (sub)millimeter flaring has continued for at least a year. The excess continuum emission, centered on the hypercompact H ii region MM1B, is extended and elongated (1.″6 × 1.″0 ≈ 2100 × 1300 au) with multiple peaks, suggestive of general heating of the surrounding subcomponents of MM1, some of which may trace clumps in a fragmented disk rather than separate protostars. In either case, these remarkable increases in maser and dust emission provide direct observational evidence of a sudden accretion event in the growth of a massive protostar yielding a sustained luminosity surge by a factor of 70 ± 20, analogous to the largest events in simulations by Meyer et al. This target provides an excellent opportunity to assess the impact of such a rare event on a protocluster over many years.
Optical/UV-to-X-Ray Echoes from the Tidal Disruption Flare ASASSN-14li
Authors: Pasham Dheeraj R. , Cenko S. Bradley , Sadowski Aleksander , Guillochon James , Stone Nicholas C. , Velzen Sjoert van , Cannizzo John K.
Published: March 2017

We carried out the first multi-wavelength (optical/UV and X-ray) photometric reverberation mapping of a tidal disruption flare (TDF) ASASSN-14li. We find that its X-ray variations are correlated with and lag the optical/UV fluctuations by 32 ± 4 days. Based on the direction and the magnitude of the X-ray time lag, we rule out X-ray reprocessing and direct emission from a standard circular thin disk as the dominant source of its optical/UV emission. The lag magnitude also rules out an AGN disk-driven instability as the origin of ASASSN-14li and thus strongly supports the tidal disruption picture for this event and similar objects. We suggest that the majority of the optical/UV emission likely originates from debris stream self-interactions. Perturbations at the self-interaction sites produce optical/UV variability and travel down to the black hole where they modulate the X-rays. The time lag between the optical/UV and the X-rays variations thus correspond to the time taken by these fluctuations to travel from the self-interaction site to close to the black hole. We further discuss these time lags within the context of the three variants of the self-interaction model. High-cadence monitoring observations of future TDFs will be sensitive enough to detect these echoes and would allow us to establish the origin of optical/UV emission in TDFs in general.
Reden mit Bildern. Robert Walser über Albert Anker
Authors: Müller Dominik
Published: March 2017

Dans les année 1920, la période de sa production la plus audacieuse, dans un court texte en prose ( Das Ankeralbum 1926) et dans un poème ( Der Berner Maler Albert Anker 1931) Robert Walser fait les louanges du peintre Bernois Albert Anker, connu pour son art délicat, mais plutôt conservateur. Par le choix – dans le texte en prose – d’un narrateur incertain, qui ne se penche pas sur des originaux du maître, mais sur des reproductions en noir et en blanc, et par le choix – dans le poème – de vers hautement ironiques, il remet en question ces louanges et révèle un rapport ambivalent à Anker. Parmi les tableaux évoqués dans le texte en prose, celui qui représente des enfants veillant une fille défunte (mentionné aussi dans le poème) provoque un changement d’attitude. Le narrateur abandonne l’ironie. Il décrit à sa manière la consternation des enfants vis-à-vis de la mort et entre en compétition avec la peinture. Cet échange fait donc apparaître le respect pour Albert Anker : Walser voit en lui un artiste qui – comme lui-même et contrairement à son propre frère, le peintre Karl Walser – refuse de suivre les tendances artistiques dictées par les modes.
Pour une théorie de l’homme en psychopathologie du travail
Authors: Fernandez-Zoïla Adolfo
Published: March 2017

À partir d’une discussion sur la conception de la pathologie en psychopathologie du travail, l’auteur envisage les rapports entre l’homme et le travail selon une perspective phénoménologique. La référence à la « situation de travail », qui se distingue des conditions de travail, met l’accent sur la singularité et le vécu. Il en résulte une approche de l’homme dans son rapport au travail fondée sur l’analyse du vécu comme connaissance affective déterminée par l’espace, le langage et le temps. La psychopathologie se trouve ainsi éclairée à nouveaux frais par l’étude du rapport dynamique entre la situation singulière et les conditions concrètes de travail. Les formes de souffrance et de décompensations psychopathologiques sont analysées en termes de ruptures des modalités de l’expérience subjective du travail.
La méthodologie en psychopathologie du travail
Authors: Dejours Christophe
Published: March 2017

Sont présentées les différentes étapes de la méthodologie de l’enquête en psychopathologie du travail. Parmi ces étapes, un temps spécifique revient à la phase de pré-enquête et à l’analyse de la demande qui constitue une condition de faisabilité de l’enquête proprement dite. Sont ensuite commentées les phases de l’enquête, celles revenant aux modalités d’explicitation de la demande et enfin celles revenant à l’analyse du matériel clinique. Ces étapes sont organisées par la méthode d’interprétation qui s’appuie sur l’analyse du vécu subjectif et des formes de la souffrance, visant en particulier à révéler les tensions entre les descriptions proposées par les travailleurs et la compréhension desdites descriptions par les chercheurs.
La question de l’interprétation en linguistique
Authors: Boutet Josiane
Published: March 2017

L’article propose une analyse spécifique de la méthode de l’interprétation du point de vue de la linguistique. Sont abordées les conditions permettant la (re)construction du sens des énoncés étudiés. Cette présentation permet de préciser le travail de construction du sens du linguiste et de le distinguer de celui effectué par le sociologue ou le psychopathologue. Il en résulte que le travail d’interprétation des faits observés, en fonction de la discipline de référence, engendre des contradictions qu’il s’agit de caractériser. S’agit-il d’articulation, de complémentarité ou de descriptions inconciliables ?
Représentation du personnel et santé des travailleurs : persistance des enjeux et turbulences législatives
Authors: Verkindt Pierre-Yves
Published: March 2017

La reconfiguration des instances de représentation du personnel par la loi du 17 août 2015 n’a pas entamé, autant qu’on le craignait, leur rôle central en matière de protection de la santé au travail. En particulier, le chsct , qu’une partie du patronat aurait souhaité voir se fondre dans une instance unique de représentation du personnel, ne disparaît pas dans les turbulences législatives. La question est aujourd’hui de savoir comment les organisations syndicales et professionnelles s’empareront de la réforme pour la mettre au service d’une politique globale de protection de la santé des travailleurs.
Par-delà les pratiques individuelles : l’idéologie managériale comme armature de l’autodiscipline des cadres équipés de tic
Authors: Felio Cindy
Published: March 2017

L’intégration des technologies de l’information et de la communication ( tic ) au sein des organisations s’accompagne d’une reconfiguration des activités professionnelles. Les cadres, salariés les plus équipés en dispositifs nomades par leur employeur, sont les plus exposés face aux risques psychosociaux médiatisés par le numérique. Pour faire face aux contraintes (problématiques d’usage et absence de prescription organisationnelle), ils construisent des stratégies. À partir des résultats d’une étude qualitative longitudinale menée auprès d’un échantillon de 62 cadres, cet article rend compte non seulement des mécanismes de dégagement élaborés par les sujets pour composer avec la réalité, mais surtout de l’existence d’une idéologie défensive de métier légitimant les pratiques communicationnelles de ce groupe social (connexion permanente avec le travail et usages intensifs des tic ).
The Role of Posterior Vitreous Detachment and Vitreomacular Adhesion in Patients With Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Ilim Orhan , Akkin Cezmi , Oztas Zafer , Nalcaci Serhad , Afrashi Filiz , Degirmenci Cumali , Mentes Jale
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and vitreoretinal interface in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This clinical trial included 206 eyes of 138 patients who presented to the authors' clinic between January 2012 and November 2014. Patients were divided into three groups: 98 eyes of 67 patients with exudative AMD, 55 eyes of 36 patients with nonexudative AMD, and 53 eyes of 35 patients having no vitreoretinal disease. All patients underwent complete ocular examination, including best-corrected visual acuity, Goldmann applanation tonometry, fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and B-mode ultrasonography at 6 months and 12 months after the initial examination.

RESULTS:

Total and partial PVD rates were significantly higher at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months in both exudative and nonexudative AMD groups when compared to the control group (Chi-square test,
P
= .006,
P
= .001, and
P
= .009, respectively). The prevalence of total PVD was significantly higher in nonexudative AMD, whereas partial PVD was higher in exudative AMD. The exudative AMD group reported significantly more VMA than the other two groups at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months (Chi-square test,
P
=.005,
P
= .003, and
P
= .019, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

This study indicates that the incidence of vitreoretinal interface abnormalities such as partial PVD and vitreomacular adhesion were higher in the exudative AMD group. It can be concluded that abnormal adhesive and tractional forces due to PVD may play a role in the progression of AMD.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:223–229.

]
Short-Term Effects of Early Switching to Ranibizumab or Aflibercept in Diabetic Macular Edema Cases With Non-Response to Bevacizumab
Authors: Ashraf Mohammed , Souka Ahmed A. R. , ElKayal Hassan
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

To study the effect of early switching to ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) or aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY) in cases of diabetic macular edema (DME) that have shown no response to bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A retrospective study involving 59 eyes of 45 patients with DME previously treated with bevacizumab. Patients were switched either to ranibizumab or aflibercept. Detailed ophthalmological examination, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and optical coherence tomography (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) were performed prior to and 1 month post-switch.

RESULTS:

Fifty-nine eyes of 45 patients were included in the study, of whom 14 patients (17 eyes) were switched to aflibercept and 31 patients (42 eyes) were switched to ranibizumab. Post-switch, there was a statistically significant improvement in the BCVA in the combined group (aflibercept and ranibizumab), as well as in the ranibizumab group alone. In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in the central subfield thickness (CST) in the combined group, as well as in the ranibizumab and aflibercept groups individually. There was no significant difference with regard to the change in macular thickness or BCVA between the aflibercept and ranibizumab groups. In addition, neither the pre-switch central macular thickness, previous number of injections, nor the pre-switch visual acuity affected the response to switching.

CONCLUSION:

Aflibercept and ranibizumab both appear to be effective for patients showing no initial response to bevacizumab.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:230–236.]
Safety of Silicone Oil Removal in Cases of Gunshot Perforating Eye Injuries
Authors: Ghoraba Hammouda Hamdy , Elgouhary Sameh Mohamed , Mansour Hosam Osman , Abdel-Fattah Hitham Mamoun , Heikal Mohamed Amin , Elgemaey Emad Mohamed
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the feasibility and safety of silicone oil (SO) removal in cases of gunshot perforating eye injuries (PEI).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A retrospective, consecutive, interventional study from medical records regarding cases of gunshot PEI during the periods of Egyptian political instability (January 2011 until December 2013). The main outcomes were to evaluate the feasibility of SO removal in cases of gunshot PEI and management of retinal detachment (RD) after SO removal in such cases.

RESULTS:

One hundred ninety-six eyes of 193 patients were reviewed. SO was removed in 72 eyes of 70 patients (36.7%). After SO removal, five eyes (6.9%) developed RD. One case refused any other intervention. RD in the remaining four cases was treated with revision surgery and SO reinjection. The retina remained stable throughout follow-up. None of the eyes developed phthisis bulbi after SO removal. Mean follow-up after SO removal was 10.86 months (range: 3 months to 30 months). Mean follow-up after management of RD after SO removal was 17.7 months (range: 13 months to 21 months).

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients aged younger than 20 years were associated with extensive fibrous proliferation, which might affect the safety profile of SO removal in cases of gunshot PEI. Rate of RD after SO removal in cases of apparent retinal stability and localized fibrous proliferation was 6.9%. Retinal detachment after SO removal in such cases can be treated with revision surgery and SO reinjection.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:242–250.]
duet: With an occasional chorus
Authors: Herzog Evelyn Ann , Blau Peter
Published: March 2017

A presentation at the annual dinner of the Baker Street Irregulars, January 15, 2016.
Understanding Entrepreneurship through Chaos and Complexity Perspectives
Authors: Aloulou Wassim J.
Published: March 2017

This chapter aims to cover entrepreneurship as an emergent field of scholarly inquiry in the social sciences. Four different dominant paradigms are developed in this research field. The chapter shows that, in the last two decades, several scholars adopted the chaos and complexity sciences as important perspectives in the social sciences and especially in management sciences, small business and entrepreneurship. Then, the chapter aims also to introduce the pioneering contributions of theses scholars intending to understand entrepreneurship (its conditions, properties and processes of emergence) through the chaos and complexity theories and produce valuable knowledge in this field. And finally, the chapter presents some discussions and implication for future entrepreneurship research perspectives related to three research mainstreams: social, strategic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial learning. In conclusion, the chapter invites researchers to benefit from the chaos and complexity perspectives in order not to miss opportunity to enrich their theory building in entrepreneurship research.
Marketing for Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Chiweshe Nigel
Published: March 2017

Social entrepreneurship has been motivated by the reality that conventional for profit organisations did not have the capacity to address social challenges endemic to society. Further to this the notion of pairing social goals and entrepreneurship is paradoxical in nature. This chapter therefore presents the marketing of social ventures to address social problems. The chapter proposes that this will be done through an in depth understanding of where marketing and social entrepreneurship interact, providing clarity as to what social entrepreneurship is, indicating what is driving social entrepreneurship and developing marketing strategies for social entrepreneurship from the knowledge shared by various writers in the disciplines of entrepreneurship and marketing. Through a critical analysis of the writings of the various researchers the chapter offers a tactical tool to market social ventures and ultimately provide social improvement.
Entrepreneurship across Regions
Authors: Jing Su , Qinghua Zhai , Landström Hans
Published: March 2017

Entrepreneurship is an emerging research field that received an increased worldwide scholarly attention during the last few decades. Although the field is still dominated by scholars in the US and Europe, researchers in other parts of the world are exhibiting a growing interest. Based on the globalization of entrepreneurship research over the last decades, this book chapter aims to understand the international picture of entrepreneurship research by focusing on the US, Europe and emerging economies around East Asia. We attempt to address the following questions: What characterizes entrepreneurship research in different regions? What are the similarities and differences among entrepreneurship research in different regions? How can the similarities and differences be explained? To answer these questions, bibliometric analysis is utilized. The analysis of publications in Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) shows that: on the one hand, similarities exist in entrepreneurship research in different regions. Scholars have common interests in certain research topic, especially theoretical ones; on the other hand, there are also differences across regions. Different contextual environments still govern what issues to research.
Exploring Social Entrepreneurship for the Creation of Sustainable Livelihoods in South Africa
Authors: Pillay Gnanam , Kaye Sylvia
Published: March 2017

Although social entrepreneurship has grown rapidly in developed and many developing countries around the world, it is still in its infancy in South Africa. To date, there is limited research available about social entrepreneurship in South Africa. While there are many reasons for its slow development in this country, a significant reason is the poor understanding of the concept, which would preclude investment in programmes, policies and research. This chapter presents an overview of South African issues and analyses how social entrepreneurial development can address some of the problems and issues. The more pressing problems include extreme inequality, high poverty levels and unemployment, a weak Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise (SMME) sector, fragmented communities and an economic system that needs to strengthen both social and economic development. The chapter presents the model developed as a result of research that contextualizes social entrepreneurial development for a South African market.
Examining the Impact of Symbolic Capital in Ethnic and Diaspora Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ojo Sanya
Published: March 2017

This chapter aims to advance a structure for understanding the dimensions in ethnic/diaspora entrepreneurship growth and development. Factors influencing the effective development and growth of ethnic enterprises are multidimensional; including capital, strategies, cultural and religious differences, economic situation, and the opportunity structures in the host country. The chapter employs divergent concepts to explain ethnic/immigrants' artefacts', acquired experience, and enterprise process to provide valuable insights to their businesses growth trajectories and susceptibility to failure crises. The paper logically progresses through series of theoretical arguments/supporting reasoning to develop an integrated model; theorizing that exogenous factors are critical drivers of diaspora entrepreneurs' economic growth and socio-political inclusiveness/embeddedness. The integrated model is situated in and developed by recognising patterns of relationships among constructs within and across fields and their underlying valid arguments.
Social Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ndhlovu Tidings P. , Ndinda Catherine
Published: March 2017

There has been a growing interest in “social entrepreneurship”, but very few analyses have attempted to go beyond definitional disagreements in capturing the role of the diaspora within a theoretical and evidence-based framework. It is in this context that this chapter systematises competing perspectives on social entrepreneurship, that is, the neo-liberal conception, the institutional/social organisation framework and the agenda of social transformation. On the basis, we proceed to analyse how far so-called “social impact investments” in Sub-Saharan Africa by the diaspora has contributed to poverty alleviation and a fundamental social transformation. Our study will not only clarify competing viewpoints, but also place the diaspora at the centre of this process. While great strides have been made in the institutional context by the African diaspora such as Mutombo and Akon in making the world a better place, there are limitations to what they can do. Indeed, our alternative social transformation conception of social entrepreneurship teases out these limitations, politically and socially.
Entrepreneurship Education for an Entrepreneurial Society
Authors: Chauhan Raghubir Singh , Das Rituparna
Published: March 2017

Education determines the capital, wealth and prosperity for multiple generations in a knowledge based economy and society. Relationship of knowledge to entrepreneurship, technology and economy is examined to understand the needs of entrepreneurial society. Exploration of realities is done to maximize the transition towards entrepreneurial society. Structural limitations of existing educational framework are explored in the backdrop of its origin and implications. The need of integrating entrepreneurship education as integral part of all institutional patterns is concluded as a vital element for entrepreneurial society.