bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
European Monetary Union: Some Implications for Companies
Authors: McDonald Frank
Published: March 2017

Not all companies are likely to see gains from European Monetary Union, but most will.
Is Quadriceps Tendon Autograft a Better Choice Than Hamstring Autograft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? A Comparative Study With a Mean Follow-up of 3.6 Years
Authors: Cavaignac Etienne , Coulin Benoit , Tscholl Philippe , Nik Mohd Fatmy Nik , Duthon Victoria , Menetrey Jacques
Published: March 2017

Background:

The quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft is known as an effective graft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and shows a similar functional outcome to the bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) in randomized controlled trials, with a lesser incidence of complications. Up until now, only 2 studies have compared QT to hamstring tendon (HT) autograft.

Hypothesis:

The functional outcomes of the QT technique are at least as good as those of the HT technique, with the same morbidity.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Ninety-five patients underwent isolated ACL reconstruction between January 1 and December 31, 2012. Fifty underwent ACL reconstruction with the QT and 45 with the HT. The same surgical technique, fixation method, and postoperative protocol were used in both groups. The following parameters were evaluated: surgical revisions, functional outcome (Lysholm, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS], Tegner, subjective International Knee Documentation Committee), joint stability (KT-1000, Lachman, pivot shift), anterior knee pain (Shelbourne-Trumper score), and isokinetic strength. Descriptive statistics are presented for these variables using the Student t test.

Results:

Eighty-six patients (45 QT, 41 HT) were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 3.6 ± 0.4 years; minimum follow-up was 3 years. There were 4 reoperations in the QT group (including 1 ACL revision) and 3 in the HT group (including 2 ACL revisions) ( P > .05). The Lysholm (89 ± 6.9 vs 83.1 ± 5.3), KOOS Symptoms (90 ± 11.2 vs 81 ± 10.3), and KOOS Sport (82 ± 11.3 vs 67 ± 12.4) scores were significantly better in the QT group than in the HT group. In terms of stability, the mean side-to-side difference was 1.1 ± 0.9 mm for the QT group and 3.1 ± 1.3 mm for the HT group based on KT-1000 measurements ( P < .005). The negative Lachman component was higher in the QT group than in the HT group (90% vs 46%, P < .005). There was a trend for the negative pivot-shift component to be higher in the QT group than in the HT group (90% vs 64%, P = .052). The Shelbourne-Trumper score was the same in both groups. There was no difference between groups in terms of isokinetic strength.

Conclusion:

The use of a QT graft in ACL reconstruction leads to equal or better functional outcomes than does the use of an HT graft, without affecting morbidity.
Can Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict the Reparability of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears?
Authors: Kim Jung Youn , Park Ji Seon , Rhee Yong Girl
Published: March 2017

Background:

Numerous studies have shown preoperative fatty infiltration of rotator cuff muscles to be strongly negatively correlated with the successful repair of massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs).

Purpose:

To assess the association between factors identified on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially infraspinatus fatty infiltration, and the reparability of massive RCTs.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We analyzed a total of 105 patients with massive RCTs for whom MRI was performed ≤6 months before arthroscopic procedures. The mean age of the patients was 62.7 years (range, 46-83 years), and 46 were men. Among them, complete repair was possible in 50 patients (48%) and not possible in 55 patients (52%). The tangent sign, fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff, and Patte classification were evaluated as predictors of reparability. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC), the prediction accuracy of each variable and combinations of variables were measured.

Results:

Reparability was associated with fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus ( P = .0045) and infraspinatus ( P < .001) muscles, the tangent sign ( P = .0033), and the Patte classification ( P < .001) but not with fatty infiltration of the subscapularis and teres minor ( P = .425 and .132, respectively). The cut-off values for supraspinatus and infraspinatus fatty infiltration were grade >3 and grade >2, respectively. The examination of single variables revealed that infraspinatus fatty infiltration showed the highest AUC value (0.812; sensitivity: 0.86; specificity: 0.76), while the tangent sign showed the lowest AUC value (0.626; sensitivity: 0.38; specificity: 0.87). Among 2-variable combinations, the combination of infraspinatus fatty infiltration and the Patte classification showed the highest AUC value (0.874; sensitivity: 0.54; specificity: 0.96). The combination of 4 variables, that is, infraspinatus and supraspinatus fatty infiltration, the tangent sign, and the Patte classification, had an AUC of 0.866 (sensitivity: 0.28; specificity: 0.98), which was lower than the highest AUC value (0.874; sensitivity: 0.54; specificity: 0.96) among the 2-variable combinations.

Conclusion:

The tangent sign or Patte classification alone was not a predictive indicator of the reparability of massive RCTs. Among single variables, infraspinatus fatty infiltration was the most effective in predicting reparability, while the combination of Goutallier classification <3 of the infraspinatus and Patte classification ≤2 of the rotator cuff muscles was the most predictive among the combinations of variables. This information may help predict the reparability of massive RCTs.
Perturbing Status of Vitamin B12 in Indian Infants and Their Mothers
Authors: Mittal Medha , Bansal Vijayashri , Jain Rahul , Dabla Pradeep Kumar
Published: March 2017

Background:

Vitamin B12 deficiency in early life can adversely affect the growth of developing brain with myriad of neurodevelopmental manifestations. At this age, the deficiency is usually the result of low maternal levels.

Objectives:

To assess the vitamin B12 status of healthy exclusively breast-fed Indian infants aged 1 to 6 months and their mothers.

Methods:

One hundred term exclusively breast-fed infants aged 1 to 6 months attending pediatric outpatient department were recruited. Hemogram, serum B12, folate, and ferritin levels were obtained from each infant–mother pair.

Results:

The prevalence of B12 deficiency in infants was found to be 57%. Forty-six percent of mothers were deficient. There was a positive correlation ( r = .23) between the B12 levels of the infants and their mothers.

Conclusion:

There is a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in Indian infants and their mothers. There is an urgent need to supplement our population with vitamin B12, and the best time to do this would be antenatal.
Barriers to Quitting Smoking Among Young Adults: The Role of Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Carlson Samantha , Widome Rachel , Fabian Lindsey , Luo Xianghua , Forster Jean
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

The aims of this analysis were to explore how self-reported barriers to quitting vary by socioeconomic status (SES) among young-adult smokers and to assess their relationship to quitting.

Design:

This analysis uses 2 waves of telephone-survey data from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort study.

Setting:

Midwestern United States.

Participants:

Participants (n = 419) were smokers aged 17 to 24 years.

Measures:

Socioeconomic status was estimated using the highest level of education completed by the participants’ parents. Demographics, smoking behavior, and perceived barriers to quitting were collected via survey questions.

Analysis:

Differences in barriers by SES were assessed using prevalence ratios (PRs). Relative risks were calculated to assess the association between barriers and quitting status 1 year later, testing for effect modification by SES.

Results:

Compared to the high SES group (n = 314), the low SES group (n = 105) was more likely to report several barriers to quitting; however, only the risk of gaining weight was significantly more common (PR: 1.38 [1.05-1.83]). There were no significant associations between barriers and quitting status 1 year later, but the number of cigarettes per day was consistently related to the likelihood of quitting 1 year later, regardless of SES.

Conclusion:

Despite the limited generalizability to racially diverse populations and different geographic locations, the results suggest perceived barriers may not differ by SES or predict quitting among young adults; however, nicotine dependence may play an important role.
Training programmes for European works councillors in Germany, in Ireland and at EU level: Transnational trade union action through education?
Authors: Föhrer Bianca , Erne Roland
Published: March 2017

In this article, we compare trade union training for European Works Council members in Ireland, in Germany and at EU level. The programmes have only limited success in fostering transnational union action. We conclude that the limited transformative impact of unions’ training programmes is not for the most part due to lack of resources. Rather, their narrow pedagogical focus on technical knowledge and skills crowds out the development of knowledge about social mobilization and the construction of attitudes of solidarity between unions.
Erwin Rommel and German Military Doctrine, 1912–1940
Authors: Samuels Martin
Published: March 2017

Rommel’s approach to command and his relationship with the German army’s doctrine remain subjects of lively debate. Analysis of his career prior to 1940 shows he was a highly respected figure at the centre of the army’s officer training system. Consideration of his approach during the crossing of the Meuse in May 1940 demonstrates consistency with his actions at Caporetto in 1917. Far from proving his unorthodoxy, however, comparison of this approach with the army’s official manuals suggests Rommel acted fully in accordance with doctrine. This highlights a tension within that doctrine between independence of action and wilfulness.
The tragedy of modern economic growth: A call to business to radically change its purpose and practices
Authors: Johnson H Thomas
Published: March 2017

It is now clear that endlessly growing consumption of resources in the global human economy imperils Earth’s life-sustaining biosystem and threatens human existence as we know it. Long-term sustainability of human and non-human life can be achieved only by creating an entirely new economy that eschews the current economy’s pursuit of continuous growth and concentrates, instead, on refocusing human activities from the global to the local level in organizations that exist to fulfill genuine and concrete human and non-human needs, not to maximize financial wealth of corporations, their shareholders, and their top managers. However, impeding this move to a new economy is the widespread belief that “accounting is the language of business.” This article proposes that the concrete ecological principles underlying Earth’s life-restorative natural ecosystems provide a much more appropriate language to guide a sustainable human economy than the abstract language of accounting and finance.
Effects of Corrective Taping on Balance and Gait in Patients With Hallux Valgus
Authors: Gur Gozde , Ozkal Ozden , Dilek Burcu , Aksoy Songul , Bek Nilgun , Yakut Yavuz
Published: March 2017

Background:

Taping is an effective temporary therapy for improving hallux valgus (HV) in adults. Although HV has been demonstrated to impair postural balance, there is a lack of information about how corrective taping affects balance and gait patterns in adults with HV deformity.

Methods:

Eighteen middle-aged female patients (average age, 53.5 years) with HV were included. Corrective tape was applied to correct HV angulation. A series of balance and gait stability tests were performed before applying tape and 1 hour after the tape was applied with a Balance Master computerized posturography device. The study involved the following tests: modified clinical test of sensory interaction and balance (mCTSIB), unilateral stance (US), limit of stability (LoS), step up/over (SUO), and walk across (WA) tests.

Results:

No significant difference was found between the no-tape and taped condition in the static balance mCTSIB and US tests ( P > .05). The taping intervention resulted in significant improvement in the dynamic balance measures for the LoS test’s backward reaction time and left maximum excursion ( P < .05), a significantly higher impact index bilaterally in the SUO assessment ( P < .05), and an increase in step width mean and variability in the WA test ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

Taping for correcting HV angulation had negative acute effects on dynamic balance in the SUO and WA tests and positive effects in the LoS test.

Clinical Relevance:

Corrective taping, although a form of conservative treatment for hallux valgus, has been insufficiently studied in terms of effects on balance. Our results show that taping, as an acute effect, may impair balance in middle-aged adults when walking or ascending and descending stairs.
Medicare Advantage and Traditional Medicare Hospitalization Intensity and Readmissions
Authors: Henke Rachel Mosher , Karaca Zeynal , Gibson Teresa B. , Cutler Eli , Barrett Marguerite L. , Levit Katharine , Johann Jayne , Nicholas Lauren Hersch , Wong Herbert S.
Published: March 2017

Medicare Advantage plans have incentives and tools to optimize patient care. Therefore, Medicare Advantage hospitalizations may have lower cost and higher quality than similar traditional Medicare hospitalizations. We applied a coarsened matching approach to 2013 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project hospital discharge data from 22 states to compare hospital cost, length of stay, and readmissions for Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage. We found that Medicare Advantage hospitalizations were substantially less expensive and shorter for mental health stays but costlier and longer for injury and surgical stays. We found little difference in the cost and length of medical stays and in readmission rates. One explanation is that Medicare Advantage plans use outpatient settings for many patients with behavioral health conditions and for injury and surgical patients with less complex health needs. Alternatively, the observed differences in behavioral health cost and length of stay may represent skimping on appropriate care.
Efficient authentication scheme with tag-identity protection for EPC Class 2 Generation 2 version 2 standards
Authors: Chien Hung-Yu
Published: March 2017

Various radio-frequency identification standards and products have been designed to meet various market needs. To satisfy various requirements and integrate important features of existent standards, EPCglobal (2013/11) announced the new Gen2 standard called EPC Class 2 Generation 2 version 2. Even though inheriting the name Gen2, Generation 2 version 2 goes far beyond the features and functions of Generation 2 version 1. Generation 2 version 2 is a super set of several existent radio-frequency identification standards. It opens up great opportunities of novel radio-frequency identification applications that could not be implemented using conventional radio-frequency identification standards and products. In this article, we introduce the new standards and propose one new mutual authentication scheme which protects tags’ identifications. This scheme is the first radio-frequency identification authentication that could protect tags from unauthorized tracing and unauthorized identification using coming standard-based products. The analysis shows that the proposed scheme owns better performance than their counterparts in the multi-tag setting.
Burden of Hand Maladies in US Emergency Departments
Authors: Colen David L. , Fox Justin P. , Chang Benjamin , Lin Ines C.
Published: March 2017

Background: Hand conditions commonly present to the emergency department (ED), yet data are lacking regarding the magnitude of hand-related conditions in the emergency setting. The purpose of this study is to describe the burden and quantify the health care resource utilization of hand conditions seen in EDs across the United States. Methods: Using the National Emergency Department Sample, we identified all ED encounters by patients at least 18 years of age that were associated with a hand condition in 2009 to 2012. The primary outcomes were prevalence, etiology, and associated health care charges for specific categories of hand conditions. Results: The final sample included 34.4 million ED encounters associated with a common hand condition generating $180.4 billion in health care charges. The volume of hand-related presentations varied in a predictable and cyclical manner, peaking in July and waning in December of each year. Trauma was the most common etiology (77.5%) predominantly due to falls (26.2%) and lacerations (19.7%). Over 4 years, the volume of ED encounters rose (5% increase, P < .001) and as did the resulting health care charges (24.6% increase, P < .001). Conclusions: Our study confirms that hand-related conditions contribute significantly to ED volume and consume a growing quantity of health care resources in the United States. The volume of patients presenting to EDs with hand-related conditions fluctuates cyclically throughout the year. Open wounds are the most common cause of presentation and mostly occur in young adults, followed by joint pain, contusions, and fractures.
System for notational analysis in small-sided soccer games
Authors: van Maarseveen Mariëtte JJ , Oudejans Raôul RD , Savelsbergh Geert JP
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study was to compose an objective and detailed notational analysis system for 3 vs. 2 + GK small-sided soccer games, in which three roles are examined: attacker with ball, attacker without ball and defender. The actions and the outcome of the actions were registered for each player and in each role. Players earn points for each action and outcome according to an a priori determined scheme. Performance scores for each role are calculated as the average number of points a participant earns per trial. This notation system was tested on 19 highly talented female soccer players and validity and reliability of the system were determined. In addition, practical applications were discussed and the most important items of the notation system were determined and using only these items, a simplified notation system was proposed. The notation system has high ecological validity and can discriminate the high and low categorized players, but further development is necessary to increase the reliability of the system.
An update on the role of advanced diagnostic bronchoscopy in the evaluation and staging of lung cancer
Authors: Belanger Adam R. , Akulian Jason A.
Published: March 2017

Lung cancer remains a common and deadly disease. Many modalities are available to the bronchoscopist to evaluate and stage lung cancer. We review the role of bronchoscopy in the staging of the mediastinum with convex endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and discuss emerging role of esophageal ultrasonography as a complementary modality. In addition, we discuss advances in scope technology and elastography.

We review the bronchoscopic methods available for the diagnosis of peripheral lung nodules including radial EBUS and navigational bronchoscopy (NB) with a consideration of the basic methodologies and diagnostic accuracies. We conclude with a discussion of the comparison of the various methodologies.
Scaffolding assignments: Analysis of AssignMentor as a tool to support first year students’ academic writing skills
Authors: Silva Pedro
Published: March 2017

There are several technological tools which aim to support first year students’ challenges, especially when it comes to academic writing. This paper analyses one of these tools, Wiley’s AssignMentor. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge framework was used to systematise this analysis. The paper showed an alignment between the tools’ features, and the content, pedagogical and technological requirements. In particular, the paper highlighted that the tool provided an online scaffolding tool, which guides students during their writing process. Additionally, some limitations of the software were identified, which could be addressed by using a blended learning approach.
Is Childhood Socioeconomic Status Related to Coronary Heart Disease? Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2012)
Authors: Lee Minjee , Khan M. Mahmud , Wright Brad
Published: March 2017

Objective: We investigated the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in older Americans. Method: We used Health and Retirement Study data from 1992 to 2012 to examine a nationally representative sample of Americans aged ≥50 years ( N = 30,623). We modeled CHD as a function of childhood and adult SES using maternal and paternal educational level as a proxy for childhood SES. Results: Respondents reporting low childhood SES were significantly more likely to have CHD than respondents reporting high childhood SES. Respondents reporting both low childhood and adult SES were 2.34 times more likely to have CHD than respondents reporting both high childhood and adult SES. People with low childhood SES and high adult SES were 1.60 times more likely than people with high childhood SES and high adult SES to report CHD in the fully adjusted model. High childhood SES and low adult SES increased the likelihood of CHD by 13%, compared with high SES both as a child and adult. Conclusion: Childhood SES is significantly associated with increased risk of CHD in later life among older adult Americans.
The anatomy, organisation and development of contralateral callosal projections of the mouse somatosensory cortex
Authors: Fenlon Laura R. , Suárez Rodrigo , Richards Linda J.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Alterations in the development of neuronal connectivity can result in dramatic outcomes for brain function. In the cerebral cortex, most sensorimotor and higher-order functions require coordination between precise regions of both hemispheres through the axons that form the corpus callosum. However, little is known about how callosal axons locate and innervate their contralateral targets.

Methods:

Here, we use a combination of in utero electroporation, retrograde tracing, sensory deprivation and high-resolution axonal quantification to investigate the development, organisation and activity dependence of callosal axons arising from the primary somatosensory cortex of mice.

Results:

We show that distinct contralateral projections arise from different neuronal populations and form homotopic and heterotopic circuits. Callosal axons innervate the contralateral hemisphere following a dorsomedial to ventrolateral and region-specific order. Furthermore, we identify two periods of region- and layer-specific developmental exuberance that correspond to initial callosal axon innervation and subsequent arborisation. Early sensory deprivation affects only the latter of these events.

Conclusion:

Taken together, these results reveal the main developmental events of contralateral callosal targeting and may aid future understanding of the formation and pathologies of brain connectivity.
Treatment of singularity in the method of boundary integral equations for 2.5D electromagnetic modeling
Authors: Dyatlov Gleb , Kushnir Dmitry , Dashevsky Yuliy
Published: March 2017

Fast and accurate simulation of responses of electromagnetic logging-while-drilling tools in 2D and 3D formations is important for further development of the proactive geosteering service, which is currently based on the 1D layered-model inversion. In search of an optimal method of forward simulation, we have developed boundary integral equations in a 2D formation model with planar boundaries. A peculiarity of the method is that the number of grid nodes required for reaching a certain accuracy, and hence the computation time increases as the transmitter approaches the boundary. To retain efficiency in the case of transmitter-boundary proximity, we use the following modification of the method. The main term of the calculated electromagnetic field, namely, the solution for the two-layered model corresponding to the closest boundary, is calculated by the well-known explicit formulas, whereas the anomalous field is found from the system of integral equations. The modified method is implemented and tested on complex realistic 2D formation models as well as basic models to be used in 2D inversion. Numerical simulations of real propagation and azimuthal resistivity tools show that software based on the modified method can be successfully used for synthetic log simulation in complex formations. However, the proposed method has two shortcomings: poor efficiency when the transmitter is close to the boundary endpoints and limitation to isotropic formations. Both are topics for further research. Currently, the singularity near the endpoints is treated by simply refining the grid, which deteriorates efficiency. Generalization to the anisotropy case would include modification of the basic method and derivation of the closed-form solution for the layered model without the assumption of transverse isotropy.
Least-squares reverse time migration with local Radon-based preconditioning
Authors: Dutta Gaurav , Giboli Matteo , Agut Cyril , Williamson Paul , Schuster Gerard T.
Published: March 2017

Least-squares migration (LSM) can produce images with better balanced amplitudes and fewer artifacts than standard migration. The conventional objective function used for LSM minimizes the L2-norm of the data residual between the predicted and the observed data. However, for field-data applications in which the recorded data are noisy and undersampled, the conventional formulation of LSM fails to provide the desired uplift in the quality of the inverted image. We have developed a least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) method using local Radon-based preconditioning to overcome the low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) problem of noisy or severely undersampled data. A high-resolution local Radon transform of the reflectivity is used, and sparseness constraints are imposed on the inverted reflectivity in the local Radon domain. The sparseness constraint is that the inverted reflectivity is sparse in the Radon domain and each location of the subsurface is represented by a limited number of geologic dips. The forward and the inverse mapping of the reflectivity to the local Radon domain and vice versa is done through 3D Fourier-based discrete Radon transform operators. The weights for the preconditioning are chosen to be varying locally based on the relative amplitudes of the local dips or assigned using quantile measures. Numerical tests on synthetic and field data validate the effectiveness of our approach in producing images with good S/N and fewer aliasing artifacts when compared with standard RTM or standard LSRTM.
Elastic least-squares reverse time migration
Authors: Feng Zongcai , Schuster Gerard T.
Published: March 2017

We use elastic least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) to invert for the reflectivity images of P- and S-wave impedances. Elastic LSRTM solves the linearized elastic-wave equations for forward modeling and the adjoint equations for backpropagating the residual wavefield at each iteration. Numerical tests on synthetic data and field data reveal the advantages of elastic LSRTM over elastic reverse time migration (RTM) and acoustic LSRTM. For our examples, the elastic LSRTM images have better resolution and amplitude balancing, fewer artifacts, and less crosstalk compared with the elastic RTM images. The images are also better focused and have better reflector continuity for steeply dipping events compared to the acoustic LSRTM images. Similar to conventional least-squares migration, elastic LSRTM also requires an accurate estimation of the P- and S-wave migration velocity models. However, the problem remains that, when there are moderate errors in the velocity model and strong multiples, LSRTM will produce migration noise stronger than that seen in the RTM images.
Induced polarization response of porous media with metallic particles — Part 5: Influence of the background polarization
Authors: Revil André , Sleevi Michael F. , Mao Deqiang
Published: March 2017

Very often, ore bodies are found in altered porous materials that are rich in clay minerals. These altered rocks are in turn characterized by a relatively high normalized chargeability (product of the chargeability by the high frequency conductivity) or electrical quadrature conductivity with respect to clay-free materials. We have performed 36 experiments in which dispersed pyrite grains were mixed with a background host material composed of some pore water (NaCl, [Formula: see text] at 25°C or tap water), Na-exchanged bentonite, and silica grains. The induced polarization spectra were obtained in the frequency range of 1 mHz to 45 kHz at room temperature ([Formula: see text]). The spectra of the background porous materials alone (i.e., without pyrite) were also measured. The normalized chargeability and the quadrature conductivity of the sand-clay mixtures are consistent with available theoretical relationships. These new data complete previous data sets showing a clear relationship among the normalized chargeability, quadrature conductivity, surface conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. Bentonite is characterized by very high quadrature and surface conductivities. The normalized chargeability and the quadrature conductivity of the sand-clay mixtures (no pyrite) increase with the clay content. In the presence of pyrite, the chargeability and the phase lag depend primarily on the volume content of pyrite in a predictable way. The Cole-Cole exponent, characterizing the particle size distribution of the pyrite grains, is independent of the clay content. Still, in the presence of pyrite, the magnitude of the phase peak and the phase peak frequency depend on the clay content in a way that is not explained by the current model. We have observed that the Cole-Cole relaxation time, in the presence of pyrite, is inversely proportional to the conductivity of the background material.
Elastic wavefield separation based on the Helmholtz decomposition
Authors: Zhu Hejun
Published: March 2017

Divergence and curl operators used for the decomposition of P- and S-wave modes in elastic reverse time migration (RTM) change the amplitudes, units, and phases of extrapolated wavefields. I separate the P- and S-waves in elastic media based on the Helmholtz decomposition. The decomposed wavefields based on this approach have the same amplitudes, units, and phases as the extrapolated wavefields. To avoid expensive multidimensional integrals in the Helmholtz decomposition, I introduce a fast Poisson solver to efficiently solve the vector Poisson’s equation. This fast algorithm allows us to reduce computational complexity from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the total number of grid points. Because the decomposed P- and S-waves are vector fields, I use vector imaging conditions to construct PP-, PS-, SS-, and SP-images. Several 2D numerical examples demonstrate that this approach allows us to accurately and efficiently decompose P- and S-waves in elastic media. In addition, elastic RTM images based on the vector imaging conditions have better quality and avoid polarity reversal in comparison with images based on the divergence and curl separation or direct component-by-component crosscorrelation.
The European Parliament and Counterterrorism in the Euro-Mediterranean Area
Authors: Scotti Valentina Rita
Published: March 2017

After the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, and thanks to the better definition of the actors involved in external relations it provided, the European Parliament (EP) has acquired a greater role in European Union's (EU's) foreign policy and increased its ability to deal with countries outside the EU using existing interparliamentary meetings. This evolution of the EP has occurred while other important and related developments were taking place: the emergence of a global terrorist threat and the so-called Arab Spring, which has spanned most Arab countries since 2011. This essay aims at understanding how the EP's diplomacy reacted to the challenge of balancing the promotion of EU values with the need for cooperation for security and stability. It uses as a case study the EP's relations with southern Mediterranean countries (SMCs). First, a general overview of the counterterrorist activities laid down by the EP toward SMCs is provided. Then the essay focuses on the activity of EP's delegations with the Maghreb and the Mashreq, with reference to cooperation on counterterrorism with Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. Finally, concluding remarks compare the general EU approach to counterterrorism in SMCs with that of the EP, discussing some existing criticisms and highlighting that the EP proved to be a coherent actor toward SMCs.
Αξιοποιώντας τα μη επανδρωμένα ιπτάμενα οχήματα (drones) στη διδασκαλία. Αποτελέσματα από πιλοτική εφαρμογή σε μαθητές της Ε' δημοτικού
Authors: Παπαδάκης Δημήτριος , Φωκίδης Εμμανουήλ , Κούρτη-Καζούλλη Βασιλεία , Δάρρα Μαρία
Published: March 2017

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας, η οποία αποτελεί μια προέρευνα, στο πλαίσιο μιας ευρύτερης ερευνητικής προσπάθειας, είναι να διερευνήσει τη συμβολή των μη επανδρωμένων ιπτάμενων οχημάτων (drones) στη βελτίωση των επιδόσεων των μαθητών στο μάθημα της Γλώσσας και των Μαθηματικών της Ε΄ τάξης του δημοτικού σχολείου. Για τη διεξαγωγή της έρευνας σχεδιάστηκαν και υλοποιήθηκαν δύο εκπαιδευτικές παρεμβάσεις σε δύο ομάδες μαθητών, πειραματική και ελέγχου και συνολικά συμμετείχαν 40 μαθητές. Η παρέμβαση υλοποιήθηκε σε δημοτικό σχολείο της Ρόδου τον Οκτώβριο του 2016. Από τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας προκύπτει, ότι οι μαθητές της πειραματικής ομάδας πετυχαίνουν υψηλότερες βαθμολογίες και η διατηρησιμότητα των γνώσεών τους είναι μεγαλύτερη όταν χρησιμοποιούνται drones στο πλαίσιο της διδασκαλίας των Μαθηματικών, συγκριτικά με τους μαθητές που διδάσκονται με το συμβατικό τρόπο, χωρίς, όμως, να ισχύει το ίδιο και για το μάθημα της Γλώσσας. Επιπρόσθετα, προκύπτει η διαμόρφωση θετικών στάσεων και αντιλήψεων των μαθητών απέναντι στα drones.
Book Reviews
Authors: Shen Wenjing
Published: March 2017

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor.

The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 47(1), January–February 2017: Decision Science for Housing and Community Development: Localized and Evidence-Based Responses to Distressed Housing and Blighted Communities, Michael P. Johnson, Jeffrey M. Keisler, Senay Solak, David A. Turcotte, Armagan Bayram, and Rachel Bogardus Drew; Linear and Mixed Integer Programming for Portfolio Optimization, Renata Mansini, Wlodzimierz Ogryczak, and M. Grazia Speranza.
It's all our fault, apparently…
Authors: Trafford Bernard
Published: March 2017

Dr Bernard Trafford wishes that some ministers and education commentators would just ‘shut the hell up’…
How do you know your students are learning?
Authors: Webb Helen
Published: March 2017

How can you judge whether all your students are learning something in your lessons and making the progress they are capable of? Teacher Helen Webb discusses what learning looks like…
Waste, Leaks, and Failures in the Biomarker Pipeline
Authors: Ioannidis John P A , Bossuyt Patrick M M
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

The large, expanding literature on biomarkers is characterized by almost ubiquitous significant results, with claims about the potential importance, but few of these discovered biomarkers are used in routine clinical care.

CONTENT

The pipeline of biomarker development includes several specific stages: discovery, validation, clinical translation, evaluation, implementation (and, in the case of nonutility, deimplementation). Each of these stages can be plagued by problems that cause failures of the overall pipeline. Some problems are nonspecific challenges for all biomedical investigation, while others are specific to the peculiarities of biomarker research. Discovery suffers from poor methods and incomplete and selective reporting. External independent validation is limited. Selection for clinical translation is often shaped by nonrational choices. Evaluation is sparse and the clinical utility of many biomarkers remains unknown. The regulatory environment for biomarkers remains weak and guidelines can reach biased or divergent recommendations. Removing inefficient or even harmful biomarkers that have been entrenched in clinical care can meet with major resistance.

The current biomarker pipeline is too prone to failures. Consideration of clinical needs should become a starting point for the development of biomarkers. Improvements can include the use of more stringent methodology, better reporting, larger collaborative studies, careful external independent validation, preregistration, rigorous systematic reviews and umbrella reviews, pivotal randomized trials, and implementation and deimplementation studies. Incentives should be aligned toward delivering useful biomarkers.
Architectural Forensics in Anonymous Monsters
Authors: Murray Shaun
Published: March 2017

Architecture is a crime if it does not involve environmental DNA and digital forensics to aid in the design of the building. Architectural Forensics in Anonymous Monsters is a chthonic zenoarchaeology that constructs new models of thinking through construction and physical construction with the earth. The anonymous monster could be the alternative contracting/constructing models and ideas that architects consider valuable and inherently fundamental for architecture – the scaffolding of thought and the scaffolding of buildings. This scaffolding could become the anonymous support structure that enables but also underpins the monster under construction. This article is a design project developed to a highly tuned theoretical standpoint on how technology alters consciousness for the individual and for society. With coined phrases such as ‘reflexive architecture’ to explore the collapse of the biological and information divides whilst has re-applied the term syncretism to explain our experience of multiple realities at once. Technology is a tool and a means for individuals to explore pre-conceptions of themselves, to enter separate realities and bring back information. A computer can therefore be likened to undertaking a similar role to that of a shaman in accessing different levels of consciousness. Building as a constructed reality.
The textile interior: Imagining a transformative architecture
Authors: Thomsen Mette Ramsgaard , Bech Karin
Published: March 2017

The article explores the heritage of textiles in architecture as a medium for a transformative architecture. It explores the means by which textiles act and suggests textiles as a main bearer of spatial imagination and meaning. Here, alternative architectural concepts of transportability, storytelling, propaganda, exoticism and the scenographic are situated and explored, presenting a framework in which transformation and richness are central themes. By presenting a series of studies – The Curtain Projects – the article aims to uphold this broader imagination of how textiles can take a real part in how we think, live and build architecture today.
4 years old forever
Authors: Herperger Colin
Published: March 2017

An inquisitive sense of play begins to foster a curiosity that can grow and extend itself throughout a lifetime. This article looks at how drawing three-dimensionally with reflected light allows an opportunity for drawing to be constructed at the same speed as imagination occurs within one’s mind. The opportunity of the drawing method leads to a range of interpretive potentials developed through two design research projects including a chandelier projection device and the architecture of a kindergarten. The research allows for the contribution of various instantaneous imaginations to contaminate the drawing process without the necessity of completely making sense at the time of the idea’s conception. In order to foster such a delight for inventive play through drawing out one’s imagination, the construction of a dysfunctional logic is developed as a sort of rule set to allow the growth of confidence within uncertain methods that hold an intuitive trust. Spatial invention through drawing leads to a range of physical models and constructions that seek to enjoy the translation of what is perceived within the reflected light drawings into physical realities. The intention of the research is to embrace this role of curious play and encourage its potential for a more engaged existence. This is undertaken by actively partaking in the process of design through making while simultaneously encouraging misbehaviour and the pleasure of uncertain discovery. The work trusts that the projects may develop as a number of diverse yet collaborative pieces that feel no responsibility to appear as a cohesive whole. An attitude of inventiveness sets up a curiosity to learn to see more in the world than what is obviously presented. Once we have begun to find such a world, how can we start to play with it?
Interview with Dr Sophie Hope
Authors: Hope Sophie
Published: March 2017

Our guest editorial takes the form of an interview between the JAWS editorial team and the artist and teacher Dr Sophie Hope. We were particularly interested in Sophie’s research-driven artistic projects, and what she thought about the wider contexts that artists are now implicated in.
feature article: Baby factory: Romance and reproduction in Norway’s first sound film
Authors: Gunn Olivia Noble
Published: March 2017

This article considers expressions of ambivalence at the intersections of gender, industry and urbanity in Norway’s first sound film, Den store barnedåpen (The Great Christening) (Ibsen, 1931). Despite its status as a city film, The Great Christening conveys a subtly anti-industrial message, suggesting that true happiness is to be found at a short but significant distance from the factory. Previous scholarship on gender has considered the innovative depiction of Ibsen’s male protagonist Harald and his soft or domestic masculinity. This article uses close reading and historical research on the family in inter-war Norway to reconsider such characterization, as well as the distinct position of the biological mother in the film. The Great Christening expresses great confidence in Norwegian kinship, fertility and urban possibilities. At the same time, it separates romance and reproduction, keeping its male hero at a distance from the anxious association of working-class mothers and mechanization.
Walking together: Shared authority and co-mentorship between two artists on the move
Authors: Vaughan Kathleen , Pyne Feinberg Pohanna
Published: March 2017

We invite you to join us as we explore our co-mentorship through walking, artmaking and writing, all core aspects of our practices as artists. While meandering through the rich sensorial environment of Montreal’s waterside Parc-nature de l’Île-de-la-Visitation, our reactions to the surroundings played an influential role in shaping the character of this article. Our ideas emerged through the quiet heat of the early spring sunshine and amidst intermittent remarks about the birds flying by, the directionality of the flowing river, the strength of the wind, the sounds of lapping water, the families enjoying picnics, the demographics of the neighbourhood surrounding the park, and even the roar of a hydro dam we encountered for the first time. Drawing on a posthumanist framework, notions of shared authority borrowed from oral history, methods of call-and-response, and co-mentorship, the authors – a doctoral supervisor and a doctoral candidate in Art Education at Concordia University in Montreal – reflect on their hopes for and experiences of their work together as complementary, convergent, concurrent and symbiotic.
A quest for sacred knowledge: Mentorship to partnership
Authors: Black Rebecka , Garber Elizabeth , Neff Yuwen Eryn , Sharma Manisha
Published: March 2017

Faced with the challenge of developing a mentorship relationship between faculty and graduate students that would result in a partnership, intrepid scholars Becky, Elizabeth, Eryn and Manisha encounter uncertainty, disillusionment and teaching obstacles. Optimism is followed, in their working process, by a search for a meaningful focus for the collaboration that charts new territory and simultaneously captures the interest of each scholar. Beginning with the broad theme of technological tools in teaching, they move to the educational use of video games and settle on the concept of play. Their persistence leads to a change of mission, one that grows out of their mutual work and discussions together, and commitment to their roles in a supportive partnership that involves a ‘community of practice’ (Wenger et al. 2002). The trust this establishes allows for a questioning of the concept of Sacred Knowledge in Academia during the writing process.
Adivasi aesthetic knowing: A duographic account
Authors: Hickman Richard , Sinha Pallawi
Published: March 2017

Using the different voices of the mentor and mentee, we engage with the notion of creating and conferring aesthetic significance as it occurs in the everyday lives of everyday peoples. We investigate how the arts empower marginalized ‘voice’ by enabling multimodal expressions and access to information that other methods may not elicit. This article takes the form of a ‘duography’, reporting an empirical study that focused upon an Adi Jan Jaati or Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) of Jharkhand, in north-eastern India. In particular, we focus upon this indigenous community’s epistemic and aesthetic practices. The article thus offers discussions on how aesthetic experiences and activities are essential means of being, of engagement and communication, and of (re)building trust with the community. We conclude by demonstrating the relevance of everyday aesthetics for the development of sustainable educational systems and future citizenship. Standing back, we acknowledge the reciprocal learning that occurs between the researcher and the ‘researched’, the doctoral student and supervisor.
Exhibiting co-mentorship: An exploration of a mentor/mentee relationship in academe
Authors: Huxhold Dianna , Lackey Lara
Published: March 2017

This article examines doctoral mentorship. A shared research topic, exhibitions of children’s artwork, serves as the conversational vehicle for reflecting on the authors’ mentor/mentee relationship. With this narrative we clarify our collaborative writing process, the evolution of our mentor/mentee relationship, and the joys and tensions that ensued. We gathered data by recording and transcribing a series of open-ended conversations, meeting every other week over an academic year. We use duography to construct a series of vignettes through which we analyze the concept of mentorship. This article complicates the assumption that research ideation moves only from mentor to mentee. It reveals how collaboratively engaging enquiry and writing processes can serve as sources of transformation that inform, feed, and sustain the intellectual curiosity of both parties, shifting the relationship from that of mentor/mentee to one of partnership and co-mentorship.