bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating industry into Business School education
Authors:   University College Cork, Mahony Carolanne , Pope Andrew ,   University College Cork
Published: May 2021

There is pressure on Business Schools to offer value to multiple stakeholders, including students, employers and society. To this end, Business Schools need to undertake and combine three key activities: 1) research, 2) teaching theory, and 3) experiential learning (Hubbard, 2019). Creating links between academia and industry is one method to facilitate this process (Hardaway, Harryvan, Wang, & Goodson, 2016). Though the benefits of academic/industry collaboration are well accepted, operationalising such partnerships can be problematic. This research seeks to establish guidelines and best practice to enhance the likelihood of success. As part of the MSc in Design and Development of Digital Business, a mix of industry and community representatives were invited to engage with students. This presentation will discuss how external stakeholders were integrated into the master’s program. Our main discussion will be focused on the insights we gained from using outside stakeholders to help provide information systems students with experiential learning.
New-Onset Diabetic Ketoacidosis Secondary to Nivolumab Therapy in a Patient with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Christine Feng, DO, PGY3  , Pavel Kibrik, DO  , Christian Castañeda, MD  , Gurdeep Singh, MD, FACE
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Inhibitors of programmed cell death receptor (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, confer anti-autoimmune activities and are therefore approved for anti-cancer therapy. Their mode of action removes autoimmunity checkpoints, thus increasing the risk of immune-related adverse events.

Case Presentation: This report describes a clinical case of life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a patient after long-term nivolumab administration to treat primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). The patient presented to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms of fatigue, along with nausea and vomiting for two days; laboratory testing revealed significant hyperglycemia (glucose 673 mg/dL), elevated anion gap (>27), metabolic acidosis, ketonemia, glucosuria and ketonuria, findings of which were consistent with DKA. Given no personal history of diabetes mellitus or other autoimmune conditions and additional tests ruling out alternative causes, the patient was suspected of having newly-onset DKA secondary to nivolumab treatment.

Management & Outcome: The patient was treated with fluids, electrolytes replenishments and insulin drip, which closed the anion gap and normalized electrolytes. She was transitioned to subcutaneous insulin. The patient recovered well and was discharged on Metformin and longacting insulin, with close follow-up with endocrinology and oncology.

Discussion: Autoimmune endocrinopathies induced by checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment have been reported in the past. Newly-onset hyperglycemia and DKA are common autoimmunemediated side effects of checkpoint inhibitor uses in patients without prior history of diabetes mellitus. Clinicians should be aware to prevent this potentially life-threatening condition.
Issues in Quantitative Analysis and Security Studies Involving Muslims
Authors: Henne Peter S.
Published: May 2021

There are very serious ethical and pragmatic issues in the quantitative and security study of Muslims. From an ethical perspective, many of these studies denigrate and stereotype Muslims. They also treat them as a problem to be solved, justifying and expanding US power. Pragmatically, it can be hard to collect detailed data on security issues in many Muslim countries, making conventional studies difficult. Yet, standard approaches to these problems are faulty. We cannot abandon positivist analysis, as well-done quantitative studies are actually the best tools we have to push back on negative stereotypes of Muslims. At the same time, we cannot ignore important security topics among Muslim states just because the data we have available is not ideal. Instead, I present a two-pronged approach that can address these issues without ignoring crucial aspects of international relations; scholars should follow best methodological practices to avoid ethical issues, and adopt new standards and novel tools to deal with imperfect data.
Muslims at the United Nations: Ethical and Political Issues
Authors: Haynes Jeffrey
Published: May 2021

The United Nations Alliance of Civilisations (UNAOC) was established in 2005 by the then United Nations (UN) Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, to try to improve inter-cultural and inter-religious relations after 9/11. Creating UNAOC stimulated wider interest in examining how and in what ways improving inter-cultural and inter-religious dialogue might lead to better relations between the West and Muslims, making incidents like 9/11 less likely. Between 2015 and 2018, I researched into the UNAOC, mainly at UN headquarters in New York. The research involved, inter alia, interviewing over 80 knowledgeable people. As time went on, during repeated research trips to New York, it became clear that the issue of improving relations between the West and Muslims was far from straightforward, as it involved profound ethical and political considerations. The first was that at the UN, Muslims had a relatively understated position and did not enjoy equality with secular or Christian entities. I interviewed many Muslims from representative organisations at the UN. All were unwilling to conform to the UN’s understanding that key problems of inter-cultural and inter-religious conflict were a consequence of Islamist extremism and terrorism. Muslims I interviewed saw the issue differently. They pointed to long periods of Western domination of international relations to explain the lowly position of Muslims. As a consequence, the UNAOC was seen to try to address the problem with unsound understanding of where the problem lay. Muslims believed that the modus operandi and aims of the UNAOC would divide not unite the very constituencies – that is, the West and Muslims – that the UNAOC was created to assist. The conclusion is that even well-meaning initiatives such as the UNAOC are bound to fail if they consider only one set of views and excludes others.
Conducting Research on Muslims
Authors: Öztürk Ahmet Erdi
Published: May 2021

The aim of the special section in this issue is to identify and examine methodological opportunities for conducting research on Muslims, while also noting challenges and uncertainties. The focus is on methodological and ethical challenges encountered while conducting both qualitative and quantitative research in increasingly unstable socio-political environments. The section examines how researchers address such challenges, and brings together scholars whose research involves studying aspects of Muslim politics from various disciplinary backgrounds. The objective is to identify ethical and practical challenges involved in studying Islam, share insights and experiences of researchers from the Middle East and North Africa, and develop improved techniques to collect good quality data from Muslim groups and societies. The overall aim is arrive at a better understanding of the ethics, politics, and responsibilities involved in studying Islam and Muslims in our age: one characterized by a defiant and resurgent faith.
Componentes de rendimento em genótipos de sorgo sacarino
Authors: Oliveira Taniele Carvalho de , Oliveira Altacis Junior de , Almici Mirian da Silva , Santos Andressa Alves Cabreira dos , Silva Valvenarg Pereira da , Pires Anelise Saldanha Carneiro , Morais Lucas Henrique Pereira , Rodrigues Júlio César Costa , Barelli Marco Antonio Aparecido , Tardin Flávio Dessaune
Published: May 2021

O sorgo sacarino assemelha-se à cana-de-açúcar por apresentar colmos suculentos e altos teores de açúcares fermentescíveis, a cultura é uma fonte renovável capaz de contribuir para o aumento da produção de etanol na entressafra canavieira. Desta forma, o sorgo sacarino torna-se uma cultura complementar na usina, a fim de manter e/ou aumentar a oferta de etanol no mercado. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o potencial agronômico de genótipos de sorgo sacarino baseado em características morfoagronômicas. Foram avaliados 25 genótipos de sorgo sacarino em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições, avaliando nove características morfoagronômicas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Scott-Knott a 1% de probabilidade, também foram estimados os coeficientes de correlação entre as características, pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que existe variabilidade entre os genótipos de sorgo sacarino para as características morfoagronômicas avaliadas. Os genótipos CMSXS642, CMSXS646 e CMSXS647 apresentaram melhor desempenho em relação às características avaliadas, mostrando-se bastante promissores para a produção de etanol.
HEMOTHORAX FOLLOWING PENETRATING THORACIC INJURY (GUNSHOT WOUND) IN GERIATRIC PATIENT: A CASE REPORT AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Student of Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Laksono Gerardo , Erwin Ferdinand ,   Student of Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Sarvasti Dyana ,   Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Tahalele Paul ,   Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Penetrating chest trauma is highly lethal. Studies have reported up to 60% mortality depending on the mechanism of injury. While penetrating chest trauma is less common than blunt trauma, it can be more deadly. High-velocity gunshot injury resulting in penetrating thoracic trauma in geriatric patients poses a significant challenge for the traumatic surgeon. Hemothorax is usually a consequence of penetrating chest trauma. It can be caused by intercostal arterial bleeding, especially the posterior part. Initial treatment, including chest tube drainage insertion, is needed to avoid lung compression and to assess future treatment needed. Purpose: To report the patient survival from massive hemothorax caused by penetrating Thoracic injury caused by an air rifle, treated by chest tube insertion and posterolateral thoracotomy to take out the bullet several days after. Case Report: 70-year male patient came to the Emergency Room (ER) Adihusada Hospital Surabaya with a penetrating chest injury caused by an air rifle on the right side of the chest. The patient had chest pain, shortness of breath, and hypoxia. By inserting a chest tube, emergency management was done by a general surgeon due to the massive right hemothorax. An immediate chest tube insertion was needed to overcome the patient’s breathing problem to assess the future treatment needed. Chest X-ray and CT-Scan was done immediately after the patient’s hemodynamic were stable. Three days after hospitalizing, the Cardiothoracic and vascular surgeon performed posterolateral thoracotomy to take the bullet out of the chest. Conclusion: Seven days postoperatively, the patient was discharged from the hospital without any complications and stable hemodynamic. The patient went to the outpatient department for follow-up one week after.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GIVING BINAHONG LEAF (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) AND PAPAYA LEAF (Carica papaya) ON SKIN WOUND HEALING IN WHITE RAT (Rattus novergicus)
Authors:   Student of Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Winarjo Givenchy , Arifin Fransiscus ,   Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Oenarta Dave ,   Dermatovenereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The incidence of acute and chronic injuries increases every year. Most injuries in the world population, as many as 48%, are caused by trauma or surgery. the highest incidence of wounds in the world based on the etiology was from surgery, which was 110.30 million cases. One of the handlings of wounds on the skin can be done by giving herbal medicines, which can be easily accessed by the public, such as binahong leaves and papaya leaves. Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of giving 40% binahong leaf extract cream and 40% papaya leaf extract cream on the wound distance in the white rat wound healing process. Method: this study is an experimental study with post-test only control group design approach. The sampling technique used in this study was a random sampling method where the number of samples was calculated using the Federer formula, with a total sample of 28 white rats. The distance of the wound was measured using a micrometer. Results: Twenty-eight wound distance on rats were measured as subjects of the study and then treated with binahong leaf extract cream and papaya leaf extract cream, then the wound distance of each treatment was measured using a micrometer. According to the results, 40% binahong leaf extract cream and 40% papaya leaf extract cream showed better effectiveness in reducing the wound distance of white rat incision than the negative control group (cream base) and positive control group (gentamicin ointment). According to the Mann Whitney test comparing the P1 group (40% binahong leaf extract cream) and P2 (40% papaya leaf extract cream), p-value >0.05, which is 0.543, which means that P1 has no significant mean difference with P2. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in effectiveness between the treatment of 40% binahong leaf extract cream and 40% papaya leaf extract cream.
CHILDREN'S AGE WHEN GETTING COMPLEMENTARY FOOD AND SHORT STATURE EVENTS IN CHILDREN 12-24 MONTHS
Authors:   Student of Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Kristianingrum Adisti , Pangemanan Lisa ,   Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Christine Ika ,   Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Short stature remains a nutritional problem in Indonesia. World Health Organization (WHO) data showed that Indonesia is the third-highest ranked for short stature prevalence among countries in Southeast Asia. National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013 stated that the prevalence of short stature children was 37.2%. Short stature is caused by various factors, and one of the causes is early complementary feeding. Purpose: To analyze the association between child age when receiving complementary feeding and short stature in children 12-24 months. Method: This research was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Sampling technique using non-probability sampling, i.e., consecutive sampling. Data collected through interviews, questionnaires, and physical examinations of children's body length and weight. Research location was in the working area of the Sidorejo Community Health Center. Statistical analysis using Chi-square test. There were 182 subjects included in this study. Results: Among those who received complementary feeding before six months old, 53 children (76.8%) had short stature, and 16 children (23.2%) were normal. Meanwhile, after six months old, those who received complementary feeding were 40 children (35.4%) who had short stature, and 73 babies (64.4%) received complementary foods after six months with normal growth. Chi-square test showed a significant association between child age when receiving complementary feeding and short stature among children aged 12-24 months in the working area of the Sidorejo Community Health Center (p<0,001; PR = 2.17, 95% CI=1.642.87). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between child age when receivingcomplementary feeding and short stature in the working area of the Sidorejo Community Health Center.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF GNETUM GNEMON L. LEAVES EXTRACT ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors:   Student of Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Dayoh Paul , Isbandiati Endang ,   Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia, Rahayu Titien ,   Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Indonesia
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Bacterial infections are common among doctors in Indonesia, leading to increased use of antibiotics. Increased use of antibiotics, if not accompanied by rational indication, can increase bacterial resistance. At present, alternative medicine from natural ingredients is widely studied, one of which is the leaves of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.). Melinjo leaves are thought to contain antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Staphylococcus aureus is a round Gram-positive bacteria, that forms grape-like clusters. Staphylococcus aureus is a normal flora on the skin and human mucosa but can be opportunistic pathogens that cause mild to severe infections such as sepsis. Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus can produce hemolysis blood, frozen plasma, and produce various extracellular enzymes and toxins. Purpose: This research aims to study the MIC and MBC of melinjo leaves extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research is an experimental study with a posttest control group design. Method: Testing conducted using the microdilution method. Melinjo leaves used were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol. Samples were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 from BBLK Surabaya. Results: extract of melinjo leaves (Gnetum gnemon L.) had MIC on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at a concentration of 640 mg/ml. MBC was not obtained because the extract of melinjo leaves clotted above 1280 mg/ml concentration. Conclusion: Melinjo leaves extract has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, the MIC is obtained at a concentration of 640 mg/ml, and the MBC cannot be determined.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 among student nurses in Manila, Philippines: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Quisao Earl Zedrick S , Tayaba Raven Rose R , Soriano Gil P
Published: May 2021

Background: Assessing the current understanding of future health care workers about the COVID-19 is very important in order to identify gaps that affect their perceptions and responses, which they can integrate into the people in the community.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 of student nurses in Manila, Philippines.Methods: This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 314 individuals from October 2020 to December 2020 to evaluate the association of different factors to knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data gathered.Results: The survey revealed that the respondents have a mean knowledge score of 18.76 (SD = 1.64), a mean score for attitude of 26.58 (SD = 2.71) and a mean score for practice of 4.26 (SD = 0.93). A significant different were noted in terms of year level with level 3 having a higher mean score (M = 19.01, F = 2.696, p = 0.046) compared to other levels and type of school, with public university students having a higher level of knowledge (M = 18.97, t = 2.070, p = 0.039). In terms of attitude, females have higher mean scores (M = 26.85, t = -2.630, p = 0.009 and students from public university have higher scores (M = 2.81, t = -4.406, p = 0.000) than students from private university. For practice, a significant difference was noted in terms of year level, with level 3 students having a higher mean score (M = 4.42, F = 3.180, p = 0.024) compared to other year levels.Conclusion: Filipino student nurses have a high level of knowledge about COVID-19 and are mainly optimistic about controlling the pandemic. Nevertheless, having constant reminder from the authorities and health care professionals are the solution to aid public knowledge and comprehension relating to COVID-19.
PENGEMBANGAN TIPOLOGI INOVASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK
Authors: Wiryanto Wisber
Published: May 2021

Ada berbagai pelayanan administrasi kependudukan (adminduk), di berbagai daerah provinsi, kabupaten dan kota di Indonesia.  Namun, kualitas pelayanannya bervariasi, sebab kondisi geografis, permasalahan lokal dan global, serta kemampuan pelaksanaan kebijakan yang dihadapinya bervariasi. Maka, diperlukan adanya sebuah inovasi yang  memiliki tipologi yang sesuai kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian tentang pengembangan tipologi inovasi pelayanan adminduk. Makalah ini berusaha untuk menjawab pertanyaan kunci, bagaimana tipologi inovasi pelayanan adminduk? Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi tipologi inovasi pelayanan adminduk. Metode penelitian menggunakan library research dengan memanfaatkan referensi, dokumen, dan data yang relevan. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan sebanyak 23 instansi yang telah melakukan inovasi pelayanan adminduk. Sampel diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling, sebagai sumber data. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi tipologi inovasi pelayanan adminduk. Penelitian dilakukan pada semester pertama 2020. Hasil studi menunjukkan, tipologi inovasi pelayanan publik adminduk, terdiri dari 8 tipe inovasi, yaitu: inovasi input, proses, output, sistem, konsep, administrasi, teknologi, dan tatakelola. Instansi dinas kependudukan dan catatan sipil yang bersangkutan perlu mengidentifikasi tipologi inovasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan sebelum proses inisiasi atau replikasi inovasi dilakukan agar mencapai hasil yang efisien dan efektif.
Indeterminate and Intermediate or Animated Nonfiction: Why Now?
Authors: Ehrlich Nea
Published: May 2021

In this chapter Nea Ehrlich proposes that the contemporary fascination with animated documentary stems from animated non-fiction’s challenging of traditionally perceived differences between animation and photography as seminal modern and postmodern visual media. In tandem with the huge proliferation of animated documentaries since 2008, there has also been a significant rise in the creative practice, academic study, and distribution of this medium. This chapter explains why this shift in visual culture is occurring now, and how it shapes viewership. Ehrlich advances a case for understanding animated documentary’s increasing contemporary usage and perceived credibility by exploring the wider context of animation’s use within news media. These range from daily news broadcasts made by the Taiwanese broadcaster Next Media Animation through to investigative short films produced by the UK’s Guardian newspaper. Ehrlich reflects upon different modes of representation that many deem “more real” and believable as legitimate documentation than traditionally privileged photographic and journalistic tools and strategies.
The People
Authors: Underhill James W. , Gianninoto Mariarosaria
Published: May 2021

This long chapter is divided into the keywords used in European languages to refer to ‘the people’, and the various keywords that the Chinese language has used throughout its history. In Chinese, the keyword 人民‎ rénmín is at times regarded as the most important element in the nation. And the authors show how the people were celebrated in Mao’s China. Even though ‘citizen’ [gōngmín 公民‎) has made a comeback in recent years, according to the authors’ findings, the Chinese keyword 人民‎ rénmín remains a central concept, despite ironic uses in contemporary Chinese literature and the press. In European languages, the authors argue, the people can be considered as the masses, as a political force, or as a group that is marginalized or ignored. In English and French, the people are often regarded with condescension, as such expressions as ‘the common people’ and ‘fils du peuple’ suggest. However, French has a radical revolutionary tradition that means that ‘le peuple’ can be activated at strategic moments in history, as was proven in recent years. Radical right-wing movements in France are contrasted with the Farage’s Brexit rhetoric, championing ‘the people’. In contrast ‘the Volk’ in German has a much more resilient tradition with roots that spread throughout the lexicon of the language as a whole. And Czech provides the authors with communist rhetoric that parallels Mao’s celebration of the people (人民‎ rénmín) in Chinese.
Citizen
Authors: Underhill James W. , Gianninoto Mariarosaria
Published: May 2021

This chapter outlines the scope of the corpus-based study of ‘citizen’, considers the historical roots of the keyword in English and its usages in Scottish and American English. It asks what criteria is used to define citizenship. Is it a spatial concept, a concept that is related to nationality or to urban inhabitants? Who is excluded from citizenship? What minorities fail to achieve the rights of citizens? These are the authors’ questions. As they demonstrate, world citizen (citoyen du monde) has a long tradition in French, and American and English authors seek inspiration in that concept. But are we all world citizens? And what rights does that open up to us? Citizen, the authors contend, is a moral, political and ideological concept. It relates to rights, human rights. But with the celebration of the people citizenship can be overshadowed. And in the Chinese worldview, the increasing concern for the ‘citizen’ [gōngmín 公民‎) perhaps announces a new chapter in Chinese history as Marxist ideology appears to be on the wane.
In Memory of al-Andalus: Using the Elegy to Reimagine the Literary and Literal Geography of Cordoba
Authors: Cruz Anna C.
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the manifestation and transformation of the genre rithāʾ al-mudun, the city elegy, in the works of Ibn Ḥazm (d. 1064) and Ibn Zaydūn (d. 1071), both eleventh-century Andalusian writers, who experienced the disintegration of their homeland, the city of Cordoba, The rithāʾ al-mudun genre is traditional in form and style, utilizing a series of stock tropes and patterns for a twofold purpose: as a medium for one’s mourning while simultaneously immortalizing the lost city as remembered by the poets.
Translating Cairo’s Hidden Lines: The City as Visual Text in Magdy El Shafee’s Metro
Authors: Rossetti Chip
Published: May 2021

An examination of the visual language used in Magdy El Shafee’s 2008 graphic novel, which narrates an Egyptian computer programmer’s frustration with a rigged political and economic system in late-Mubarak-era Egypt, and his discovery of official corruption. In Metro, Cairo serves both as an urban canvas for text that visually assaults the reader and as a grid that organizes and reinforces the novel’s thematic elements. This essay analyses how Metro employs a language of verticality to emphasize the disparity between the powerful and powerless. Drawing on Walter Benjamin’s concept of the map as offering an “infrared,” abstracted knowledge of a city, this essay also examines the running motif of Cairo’s Metro stations as a symbol of the city’s hidden lines of power, a horizontal network of connections and corruption.
Enlightenment in a Smart City
Authors: Pittock Murray
Published: May 2021

This is a study of Enlightenment in Edinburgh like no other. Using data and models provided by urban innovation and Smart City theory, it pinpoints the distinctive features that made Enlightenment in the Scottish capital possible. In a journey packed with evidence and incident, Murray Pittock explores various civic networks – such as the newspaper and printing businesses, the political power of the gentry and patronage networks, as well as the pub and coffee-house life – as drivers of cultural change. His analysis reveals that the attributes of civic development, which lead to innovation and dynamism, were at the heart of what made Edinburgh a smart city of 1700.
Remembering and Inventing Enlightenment
Authors: Pittock Murray
Published: May 2021

This is a book about the Scottish Enlightenment. It is also a book about Edinburgh, the chief city of that Enlightenment. There have been many books about the Scottish Enlightenment, and about the role of Edinburgh in it: but this one is different. In the chapters that follow, this book will align the importance of Edinburgh for the national economy and national culture at the end of the seventeenth and the first half of the eighteenth centuries with its centrality as a place for the generation of ideas and innovatory practices.
Edinburgh and the Canongate 1660–1750: Communications, Networks, the Routers of Change
Authors: Pittock Murray
Published: May 2021

In 1660, the ‘Guid Toun’ and royal burgh of Edinburgh was very compact. Its nine hundred by five hundred metres has been called ‘a city without streets’, clustered in deep narrow closes round the spine of the Hie Gait/Street, divided from the burgh of regality of the Canongate at St Mary’s Wynd; Leith, a separate burgh effectively subordinate to Edinburgh, lay further off. From the heights of the Hie Gait and its buildings, remote views could be seen, but ‘the city had no formal vistas’. The capital’s cityscape was largely a series of intimate spaces, miniaturised public environments, accessed through close stairs and courts, some closed off for privacy.
‘A dimly-lighted corner’: Moving Images in Museums in the First Decades of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Mandelli Elisa
Published: May 2021

Although in the first decades of the Twentieth Century films were mainly projected in museums’ auditoriums, attempts were also made to include them in the galleries. Drawing on archival material, this chapter explores one of the best-documented cases of the use of moving images in museum spaces: the Imperial War Museum in London, which, as early as 1924, began to exhibit war films from its archives in eight Mutoscope machines, placed alongside other exhibits. Also, this chapter retraces the broader debate on the exhibition of film in museums’ galleries in 1920-1930, especially in the British context.
The Multi-media Museum: The 1960s–70s
Authors: Mandelli Elisa
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses the spreading of film projections and other multi-media and interactive devices in museum galleries in the 1960s–70s, due to the advent of video and technological innovations that rendered these machines more easily available, as well as to the growing importance accorded to the visual design of exhibitions. The chapter also focuses on the curatorial debate about several key issues. It addresses the relationships between museums and their visitors, and the role of multi-media in shaping their interactions. The chapter analyses a seminar held in 1967 by Marshal McLuhan and Harley Parker. In this meeting with museum professionals, the famous communication theorist discussed emerging trends in the communication strategies of museums, which included the role of audio-visual and multi-media devices.
From the Museum Experience to the Museum as an Experience
Authors: Mandelli Elisa
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses a major trend in contemporary museology: the delivering of “experiences” as the main aim of the exhibitions. It argues that today museums seek to affect visitors rather than to inform them. Their role is therefore no longer that of repositories of collections, but rather that of performative spaces with a strong narrative component. The chapter analyses the curatorial debate about the “experiential” museum, with particular attention to the role of audio-visuals in shaping this trend.
The Museum and its Spectres
Authors: Mandelli Elisa
Published: May 2021

This chapter analyses a number of exhibitions that include ghostly apparitions of historical figures, in a modern and high-tech version of the 18th and 19th century Phantasmagoria. This kind of solution is particularly common in history and memory museums, where audio-visual projections of historical characters or testimonies appear, like spectres, to tell their story to visitors. The chapter analyses some relevant case studies, which include Peter Greenaway’s Peopling the Palaces, an artistic audio-visual installation in the historical site of Venaria Reale, in Italy. These kind of audio-visual exhibition strategies create evocative and impressive experiences, intensifying the emotional impact of the exhibitions and the visitors’ involvement.
A Walk through Images
Authors: Mandelli Elisa
Published: May 2021

In the museums analysed in this chapter, cinema could be understood as a model for the very conception of the exhibition space. The chapter argues that, in some relevant cases, museum narrative could be compared to film narrative, not only because they both unfold in time following a “script”, but also because the first employs, thorough its own media­ specific means, filmic techniques such as montage, zooms, close­ups, as well as a complex articulation of the story and characters. The case studies include the Trento Tunnels (Trento, Italy), two former highway tunnels reconverted into a museum, where film and photographs were projected on the curved walls and on the floor, and where, in a kind of “film in reverse”, it was the visitors’ movement that created a montage between the images.
New Interpretations of the Movie Theatre
Authors: Mandelli Elisa
Published: May 2021

In the case studies analysed in this chapter, the configuration of museum architecture and exhibition design is influenced by the “classic” cinematic dispositive and its components (screen, dark room, projection, seated spectators). One of the main case studies is the Big Pictures Show, an audio-visual show that takes place in the main exhibition space of the Imperial War Museum North (Manchester, UK). During the show, the space becomes a screen on which multi-projection documentary films are displayed, creating an immersive environment.
Introduction: Religion and the Novel
Authors: Phillips Christina
Published: May 2021

This chapter introduces the topic of religion and literature, theorises the novel as a secular genre, and develops a concept of religion as the other in the Arabic novel. It begins with a discussion of the relationship between religion and literature, identifying imagination, metaphorical language and mythos as areas of overlap, before turning to the question of religion and the Arabic novel as a modern form which eschews faith and dogma but is nevertheless packed with religious themes, images, characters, language and intertextuality. This is accounted for by the form’s secularism, which is theorised in terms of Charles Taylor’s conditions of belief. Literary secularism is not static and stable however, thus religion emerges as the other in the Egyptian novel, with all the ambivalence which alterity characteristically entails. This religious other calls into question postcolonial studies’ over-valorisation of the East/West binary insofar as it has obscured the critical role of religion in Arab postcolonial literature and identity.
Intertextual Dialogues
Authors: Phillips Christina
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores religious intertextuality in works by Jamal al-Ghitani, Najib Mahfuz and ‘Abd al-Hakim Qasim. It examines how al-Ghitani reworks elements of Ibn ‘Iyas’ Badaʿiʾ al-Zuhur fi’l-Waqaʿiʾ al-Duhur to bring out themes relating to the collusion of religion and power in Al-Zayni Barakat (1971) and how messianic thought and prophetic myth are deconstructed in Mahfuz’s Malhamat al-Harafish (1977). It analyses the reimagining of Christ’s crucifixion in ‘Abd al-Hakim Qasim’s short novel Al-Mahdi (1984) as a comment on modern-day religious violence and the practice of scapegoating, and discusses religious conflict in the text as an example of René Girard’s mimetic rivalry leading to communal self-purification through sacrifice. It also explores the dialogue with Islamic eschatology and dream narrative in Qasim’s Turaf min Khabar al-Akhira (1984), examining how the scene of the interrogating angels and pattern of judgement in the afterlife are transformed to communicate social and religious themes.
Feminist Perspectives
Authors: Phillips Christina
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores feminist engagements with religion in works by Nawal Sa’dawi and Salwa Bakr. It reads Sa’dawi’s Suqut al-Imam (1987) and Jannat wa Iblis (1992) as feminist dystopias which employ unconventional narrative techniques to augment the dystopic effect and take issue with the founding texts of monotheism as historic vehicles for female oppression. It discusses Salwa Bakr’s rehabilitation of Zulaykha in Wasf al-Bulbul (1993) and explores Al-ʿAraba al-Dhahibiyya la Tasʿad ila al-Samaʾ (1991) by the same author as a critique of religion via the trope of madness, paying attention to how religion, as belief, custom, institution and law, is implicated in the plight of women in the text. The discussion also takes in the Alifa Rifʿat’s stories as a rare example of Islamic literature admitted to the canon. Each of these four chapters begins with a contextual introduction.
The Islamisation of Al-Andalus: Recent Studies and Debates
Authors: Fierro Maribel
Published: May 2021

Describing al-Andalus – that is, the Muslim-ruled lands that now comprise Spain and Portugal – in the tenth century, the geographers al-Muqaddasi and Ibn Hawqal convey a landscape filled with Islamic markers such as mosques and religious scholars while lacking others such as storytellers (quṣṣāṣ). Ibn Hawqal refers to some rural areas where thousands of Christians ignorant of urban life resided. These rebelled from time to time, taking refuge in fortresses from which they fought ferociously and persistently against Muslim armies, and risking eventual extermination through their fierce resistance to being brought to obedience.1 This description fits the first decades of the tenth century, when the eighth Umayyad amir of Cordoba, ʿAbd al-Rahman III, proceeded to ‘pacify’ those territories of al-Andalus where not only Christians but also Arabs, Berbers and new converts defied Umayyad rule. This successful endeavour eventually led to his proclamation as caliph in the land that an army of Arab and mostly Berber Muslims had conquered back in 711.
The Archaeology of Islamisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comparative Study
Authors: Insoll Timothy
Published: May 2021

The archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa is remarkably diverse in relation to its material components, its geographical and chronological frameworks, and the life ways that were influenced by Islam, from settled and nomadic populations, peasants and kings, to merchants, farmers, warriors and townspeople. Islamisation processes were equally varied involving, for example, trade, proselytisation, jihad and prestige. Economically, new markets might be reached. Politically, the adoption of Arabic, of new forms of administration and of literacy could have a significant impact. Socially, material culture and ways of life could alter as manifest via diet and funerary practices, house types and settlement patterns. It is not possible to adequately summarise this diversity here.1 Instead emphasis will be placed upon selectively considering the evidence in order to indicate what archaeology can tell us about Islamisation processes in Africa, and to demonstrate the value and utility of archaeology for examining this Islamisation
The Islamisation of Ottoman Bosnia: Myths and Matters
Authors: Kadrić Sanja
Published: May 2021

As Colin Heywood notes in his work on Ottoman Bosnia, the question of Islamisation in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries is one ‘that historians approach at their peril’.1 He refers to the debates among scholars and nationalists regarding the causes, circumstances and effects of the process. While historians eschew nationalist debates, they generally agree that the Islamisation of Bosnia was remarkable. The primary reason is its comprehensiveness in comparison with the remainder of the Balkans, even when taking into account substantial Muslim populations in Albania and Kosovo (Figure 14.1). Various explanations have been posited for this comprehensiveness, but to contextualise them we should fi rst examine the pre-Ottoman history of the Kingdom of Bosnia.
Persian Kings, Arab Conquerors and Malay Islam: Comparative Perspectives on the Place of Muslim Epics in the Islamisation of the Chams
Authors: Bruckmayr Philipp
Published: May 2021

In 1906 the French ethnographer E. M. Durand noted that the most important work of cosmogony among the Cham people of coastal South Vietnam was the so-called Book of Nosirwan.1 Indeed, local tradition holds that the Cham royal line once began with Po Nosirwan, son of the creator of the universe, Po Aulah (Allah). Correctly identifying Nosirwan with the Sasanian king Khusrau (Pers. Anushirvan), Durand was understandably puzzled by the fact that the last great Sasanian king before the Muslim conquest of Persia2 should end up as mythical progenitor of a partly Brahmanist (Cham Jat) and partly Muslim (Cham Bani) Indochinese people. Yet, by noting that the Persian ruler was also an important fi gure in classical Malay literature, the French scholar was defi nitely pointing in the right direction.
Not ‘a Sincere and Yet Radiant World’ but ‘Trashy Imaginings’ – Representations of Popular Culture in Fitzgerald’s Short Fiction
Authors: Adams Jade Broughton
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses Fitzgerald’s conflicted relationship with popular culture in the interwar period from 1918 until his death in 1940.
Magazines like the Saturday Evening Post were lucrative, and helped Fitzgerald to establish his early flapper ‘brand’, but he was often wary of being identified with these commercial magazines. Fitzgerald carefully uses references to popular culture in order to disrupt our expectations of his lyrical style as well as the established magazine short story conventions of the 1920s and 1930s. By using such experimental techniques whilst also courting a mass audience, Fitzgerald can be seen pursuing literary acclaim as well as financial security: joint aims that he harboured throughout his career.
This chapter shows how Fitzgerald uses parody to shed new light on popular cultural forms of the period, as well as to interrogate the concept of leisure in a period in which there was a great upheaval of cultural values. He identifies with black entertainers and African American culture as a means of theorizing his own relationship with the entertainment industry. His use of parody enables him to navigate fluidly between popular and ‘high’ culture, and to undermine commercial magazine formulae, whilst establishing his own brand of literary modernism.
‘Satyre upon a Saxaphone’: Fitzgerald and Music
Authors: Adams Jade Broughton
Published: May 2021

This chapter demonstrates how Fitzgerald invokes music in his short fiction, which heavily features jazz. Fitzgerald shows how white artists such as the Castles and Irving Berlin often profited from the appropriation of African American musical culture such as jazz and blues.
Fitzgerald’s explorations of Tin Pan Alley’s output demonstrate that a more malleable treatment of established formulae can yield valuable results. This book draws parallels between Irving Berlin’s subversion of tired Tin Pan Alley formulae, and Fitzgerald’s own manipulations of the popular magazine short story genre.
In his later use of music, Fitzgerald explores the limitations of language, the role of the artist in society, and questions the value of popular culture itself. He satirises the conventions of popular songs, and subtly parodies short story conventions (particularly romantic short story conventions). Fitzgerald identifies with the songwriter, whose role is to provoke emotion and forge an intimacy with the consumer, much like the commercial short storyist.
By positioning Fitzgerald’s thematic and character repetitions and concessions to the magazine format as deliberate rather than desperate, this chapter suggests that his self-parody is a conscious aesthetic decision in the process of exploring the identity of the authentic literary craftsman, dancer, or musician.
Into the limelight
Authors: Rybin Steven
Published: May 2021

Geraldine Chaplin’s first appearance as an actor in cinema was in a brief role in her father’s 1952 film Limelight. This chapter begins with a discussion of that moment, and from there discusses the relationship between Charlie Chaplin’s celebrity and style as an actor with Geraldine’s own emergence as an actor and a star. The introduction then provides an overview of the career that will be analysed and discussed in the pages to follow.
Modern Times: Geraldine Chaplin across contemporary cinema
Authors: Rybin Steven
Published: May 2021

In the biopic Chaplin (1992), Geraldine Chaplin plays her own grandmother. This is the role that, in owing perhaps to the novelty of a film star playing her own relation, is perhaps the most widely seen of Geraldine Chaplin’s performances. And it reminds us that like her father, Geraldine, although perhaps mostly remembered by film enthusiasts for her work in films by Carlos Saura, Jacques Rivette, and Robert Altman, has spent much of her career negotiating the rather less sympathetic strictures of the commercial film industry. Where much of the book up to this point focuses on Geraldine Chaplin’s presence in various national and transnational art cinemas, this final chapter deepens our sense of her screen persona by looking at several of her most important films made outside of the context of the earlier chapters. Using the motif of the close-up as a point of departure, the film analyses Chaplin’s contemporary performances for numerous directors, including Pedro Almodóvar, Jane Birkin, Guy Maddin, Richard Lester, and more.
Introduction
Authors: Page Tara
Published: May 2021

This introductory chapter positions this assemblage within the fields of: new materialism, place, embodiment and practice research. This positioning demonstrates the bound relationship between the body and place and how the meanings and pedagogies of place emerge within and through social relations, practices and matter. The content of this chapter also introduces: the intra-disciplinary praxic (theory with practice) engagement and presentation of this assemblage and the main premise; that place is the very experiential fact of our existence but it is also a necessary one, as it enables the creation of human meaning and socio-material relations. An overview of the book and the content of each of the chapters are also provided.
The Place-World of the Bush
Authors: Page Tara
Published: May 2021

From the local to the global, Chapter Two is an assemblage of the linguistic, poetic, artistic, pedagogic, filmic, and geo-political representations, practices and materiality of a specific place-world, remote Australia. Through mapping the differences that make a difference this analysis demonstrates how the makings of place are made-performed-learned. The term ‘place-world’ is used to denote a particular place that has specific and particular forms of human, and non-human socio-material knowledges, performances and practices. This analysis also demonstrates the power these various mediascapes have and how the presence, but also the very absence of matter, are pivotal to the pedagogies of national identity and nationhood discourses.
Conclusion
Authors: Page Tara
Published: May 2021

This concluding chapter the main premises of this assemblage are summarised: to know and learn how we make place we need to know and learn the ways in which bodies intra-act with the socio-material world and these ways are complex, fluid, flexible, and subject to change. However, this knowledge of place of is not produced in isolation. This is because to be human is to already be materially with place, and to be materially with place is to be human, the entanglement of body with place, place with body. Place is the very experiential fact of our existence but, it is also a necessary one, as it enables the creation-making of meaning and socio-material relations. We know and learn place with embodied and material pedagogies and we also know and learn place from being with.