bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LITERARY REALISM IN THE SHAPING OF SLOVAK CULTURE
Authors: Kendra Milan
Published: September 2021

Aim. The aim of the study is to clarify the internal complexity of the Slovak literary realist discourse and its diverse relations to the heterogeneous artistic, cultural and ideological discourses of the last third of the 19th century. Attention is focused on the appropriation and adaptation of stimuli from other social systems, as well as on the specific literary operations that modify literary realism as an artistic discourse constructing an intelligible world in a cultural sense.
Methods. As a theoretical concept, realism is defined as a type of representation or representation technique associated with a set of textual conventions, complex referential and self-referential figures. As a literary-historical discourse and event situated in a particular moment of history, realism is governed by period-specific principles (operating in the mechanism of culture) of selection, evaluating and connecting the phenomena of reality. Only with this dichotomy the multiplicity of paradoxes, syncretism and heterogeneous character of Slovak literary realism can be captured. The theory of social systems (N. Luhmann) allows for a more complex view of realist literature as an autopoietic system in the context of modern society as a system of communications differentiated into a network of separate social subsystems interrelated by the medium of language. Finally, the theory of fictional worlds proposes selective and formative operations that explicate the construction of realist fictional world and the stratification of its functions (B. Fořt).
Results. Among the configurational relations of Slovak literary realism, the concept of ideal realism is highlighted as a model of literary aesthetics that flexibly interacted with the discourse of national revival to provide an adequate expression of contemporary Slovak cultural and national interests. Two literary-aesthetic modifications of ideal realism (creative and voluntarist, originated by Svetozár Hurban Vajanský, and deterministic, represented in the prose works of Martin Kukučín) are analysed in detail in order to show the inner complexity of the literary-realist discourse and to manifest its semantic multidimensionality in the 1880s.
Transcription of foreign personal names in the written works of learners of Latvian as a foreign language
Authors: Kļavinska Antra
Published: September 2021

Aim. The aim of this study is to analyse how personal names are transcribed in the written works of Latvian as foreign language learners, as well as the most typical mistakes when transcribing personal names in other languages, the attitude of students towards the Latvianisation of their personal names, and the experience of Latvian language teachers in teaching the principles of transcribing personal names.
Methods. The study uses the corpus analysis method, as well as a survey of students and  survey of teachers who teach Latvian as a foreign language. The article includes error analysis of the personal name transcription established in the corpus and the analysis of the survey results.
Results and conclusion. It was found out that students mostly know how to transcribe their names in Latvian; less frequently do they know how their surname should be transcribed. Their attitude towards Latvianisation of personal names is various: positive, negative or neutral. Latvian as a foreign language teachers emphasize the principle of transcription of foreign personal names and the need to provide its justification in the study process. It was concluded that further Latvian language acquisition process needs to be focused more on the problems with transcription of foreign personal names.
Originality. This study highlights the aspect which is little researched in the applied linguistics – the issued linked to transcription of foreign personal names in the process of learning the Latvian language. The novelty is related to the use of a new resource (error-tagged learner corpus) data.
USING THE ELEMENTS OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN THE TEACHING PROCESS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ETHNOPEDAGOGY AND ETHNOLOGY
Authors: Slobodová Nováková Katarína , Sirotová Mariana , Urban Martin , Boghana Jerome
Published: September 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to briefly present the possibilities of using and implementing elements of traditional culture in the teaching processat primary and secondary schools in Slovakia. It points out all the aspects and factors that enter the educational process when using these elements.
Concept. Regional education is beingappliedin the educational environment of schools in order to develop the children with the right stimuli. The aim of including knowledge and partial topics of traditional folk culture in teaching is mainly to motivate students and arouse their interest in the cultural heritage of their ancestorsand country. We use comparative methods to clarify the relationships between ethnology, pedagogy, ethnopedagogy, and their interconnection in the pedagogical process. We define the primary goals of regional education, methods, and forms of teaching regional education, focusing on interactive forms of teaching.
Results and conclusion. The values and the importance of traditional culture should be assessed in terms of the functions of education and training ina broader societal perspective.Regional education should make a significant contribution to the transmission of culture in education. The research results indicate the need to implement ethnopedagogy into the current educational process at all levels of education and scientifically verify its success.
Research restrictions. The main research problems or limitations are related to the factthat this subdiscipline has not yet received attention in Slovakia.
Originality. The paper presents an original view of ethnopedagogy and regional education issues through the lens of ethnology and pedagogy and defines key subjects of interest focusing on Slovak/Central European needs and contexts.
EUROPEAN CULTURAL HERITAGE AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT COURSE FOR ADULT LEARNERS’ SELF-DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Luka Ineta
Published: September 2021

Aim. This article aims to evaluate the target course created and the development of adult learners’ 21st century skills during the course implementation in six EU countries.
Concept. European Cultural Heritage and Skills Development Course is a culture-based blended-learning course created within the framework of the Erasmus+ project “Cultural Knowledge and Language Competences as a Means to Develop 21stCentury Skills” conducted in six EU countries: Croatia, Latvia, Slovenia, Romania, Poland and Czech Republic (Project No.2018-1-HR-01-KA204-047430; 2018-2021). The course content is presented in a form of a story, applying innovative methodologies and tools increasing adult learners’ cultural knowledge and ensuring the skills development. This article focusses on blended-learning in particular, and the course evaluation given by learners and teachers after the course implementation in the six partner countries as well as the development of adult learners’ 21st century skills.
Results and conclusion.The results indicate a positive evaluation of the learning platform, the learning methodologies and tasks as well as a positive trend considering the development of learners’ 21st century skills, including the English language competences. Although the results varied from country to country, no extremely significant differences between the evaluation done by learners and the teachers were found, thus the course may be applicable to adult teaching/learning.
Practical application.The created blended-learning course may be a viable option for developing adult learners’ 21st century skills and increasing their cultural awareness of the less known EU intangible cultural heritage.  
Originality.The contribution describes the difference between flipped, hybrid and blended-learning and introduces a novel approach of creating a blended-learning course for adult learners.
English language learning motivation of students at the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania in Miercurea Ciuc
Authors: Dégi Zsuzsanna , Kovasch Orsolya
Published: September 2021

Aim. The present research aims to explore the English language learning motivation of students at the Sapientia University, Faculty of Economics, Socio-Human Sciences and Engineering, Miercurea-Ciuc (Csíkszereda).
Method. 103 students took part in the exploratory research where an online questionnaire containing 50 statements was used to find out students’ motivations to learn English, focusing on seven different motivational factors (instrumentality, desire to become a global citizen, ideal foreign language self, desire for self-satisfaction, attitudes towards learning English, cultural integration and ought-to foreign language self).
Results and conclusion. Results show that instrumental motivation has a strong effect on the surveyed students as they are highly motivated by the idea of getting a well-paying job with the help of their English language knowledge. Moreover, we also found out that participant students do not want to integrate within a native English-speaking community; they do not want to speak the language as native speakers, they rather aim to become global citizens with English.
Cognitive value. The results of this exploratory research might offer valuable insight into students’ language learning motivation. Therefore, the study might be helpful for university teachers to have detailed information and a clearer picture of their students’ language learning motivations.
TEACHING SPOKEN ENGLISH IN SPAIN: CLASSROOM PRACTICES AND TEACHERS´' PERCEPTIONS
Authors: GARCÍA-SAMPEDRO MARTA
Published: September 2021

Aim. This article presents the results obtained in a qualitative research related to classroom practices and perceptions of teachers of English as a foreign language in Spain. The aim of this study is to present examples of good teaching practices, including the types of resources, materials and assessment used in spoken English teaching.
 Methods. A qualitative investigation that used ethnographic (non-participant)  observation in primary and secondary English classes was implemented in thirty-two schools. Additionally, twenty semi-structured interviews with primary and secondary teachers were conducted.
Results and conclusion. The results show significant differences between both applied methods Non-participant observation indicates that spoken communication in English is not practised sufficiently. However, based on interview results, teachers do apply appropriate language learning strategies that could allow them to successfully teach speaking skills in their students.
The results imply that in Spain, there are still many teachers and educational institutions that follow the Grammar Translation Method and other traditional methodologies, which still focus primarily on writing skills. However, several examples of good practices and inspiring methodological and motivational strategies have been found throughout this research, which might be considered as a precedent for those that focus on writing approaches.
Cognitive value. This article displays an original research supported by University of Oviedo, through which, the reader can approach to the teaching of spoken English in Spain by means of  some teachers´ perceptions and examples of good practices.
Symbolic Capital as a Brand Tool of Sociocultural Life (on the Material of the Northern Cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))
Authors: Khokholova Irena , Danilova Natalya , Kysylbaikova Marina , Pestereva Kyunney , Vasileva Alina , Maximova Daryana , Dyachkovskiy Semyon
Published: September 2021

Aim. The aim of the research is to study the symbolic capital of northern cities (semiotic potential) contained in "urban texts" and the influence of the historical memory of a multiethnic region on the political process of the region and the country as a whole, through a comprehensive and interdisciplinary study of the symbolic space of cities in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Methods. The study used the cognitive approach, the method of space-time analysis, and the method of historicism and questionnaire survey. Symbolic space as a text is a heterogeneous content.

Results. The results of the study show the importance of a symbolic resource as a brand tool, first, depending on the political context and introduction into the collective memory through a constant "reminder" of its importance and significance in the socio-cultural and everyday life of citizens. The resulting databases of monuments served as the basis for compiling a virtual album of monuments and art objects in the cities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The research results can practically be applied in the field of education, politics, culture, in the study and promotion of the cultural and historical heritage of the regions of Russia.

Conclusions. The urgent problem is the task of preserving the accumulated experience and values, places of memory, relics of the past, as well as ideas about the past that are stored in the memory of its inhabitants and the transfer of this knowledge to the younger generation.
THE EFFECT OF MILITANCY ON EDUCATION AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCIES
Authors: Nawab Sher , Ullah Sami , Farooq Usman , Malik Muhammad Shafi , Ghafoor Irshad
Published: September 2021

Background: The study was conducted in 2017 to know about the effects of militancy on education in the form of dropout from schools, destroyed infrastructure of educational institutions, decrease in literacy rate and to probe out the community perception about education in the context of adverse law and order situation in district Mohmand Agency. The study was significant because Mohmand Agency is the worst terrorist affected area.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were examining the factors causing militancy, and to determine the effects of militancy on education in Mohmand Agency.

Methodology: For this purpose, 250 sample respondents out of the total population from four selected villages viz Gurbaz, Masood, Sultan Khel and Baro Khel from tehsil Safi and Halimzai were selected. The respondents were randomly interviewed through an interview schedule. Chi-square test was used as statistical instrument to determine the association between education and different factors that cause terrorism.

Results: It was found that majority of the respondents were agreed that unemployment, poverty, drone attacks, unidentified Pak-Afghan border were the main factors that caused militancy in the area and had greatly affected the primary and secondary education in the area. Respondents were of the view that brutal activities against Muslims across the globe and presence of NATO forces in the region increased terrorism. Involvement of foreign intelligence agencies in our county and weak national security network to handle terrorist activities properly were the main causes of terrorism. Parents remain worried about their children’s education due to security threats and insufficient schools remaining in the area.

Conclusion: It was concluded that due to insecurity, lack of infrastructure and insufficient schools; education in the area under study was greatly affected. The study suggested that bringing of peace and reasonable security measures against militants can rebuild the educational environment in the study area.
Controversies and opportunities of two development measures for the advancement of women in Uganda: Formal education and Women entrepreneurship
Authors: Namasembe Olga , Manzanera Ruiz Roser
Published: September 2021

Aim. The aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between formal education and female entrepreneurship in Uganda. This research hopes to contribute to the literature on education and women’s entrepreneurship in this country.
Methods. Data is collected from 109 women through semi structured interviews. These are participants from the agribusiness sector and own businesses ranging from market stalls, retail shops to street businesses. Through the iterative process, emerging themes are analysed and discussed.
Results. The research finds that formal education programs and macroeconomic policies negatively impact formal education and female entrepreneurship. Macroeconomic policies such as privatisation and the programs of universal formal education do not incentivize students (specifically female ones) to pursue a full formal education, influencing them to leave schools early for necessity entrepreneurship to meet immediate needs.
Conclusions. Even though the study indicates that a formal education demonstrates high outcomes in terms of economic growth and development, the education level attained by women entrepreneurs is insufficient to meet true entrepreneurial success. Furthermore, the macroeconomic environment adds to the challenge of successful women entrepreneurship.
Originality. Various economic initiatives have been implemented in the quest for gender parity in education and women empowerment in Uganda since its independence. Statistics have demonstrated an increase in women’s education and empowerment through entrepreneurship, however, such data do not necessarily reflect economic development. The results suggest that the relationship between formal education and women entrepreneurship is more complex and nuanced than previously believed.
LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF COUNTERACTING CYBERBULLYING AGAINST CHILDREN
Authors: Lesko Nataliia , Khomyshyn Iryna , Parpan Uliana , Slyvka Mariia , Tsvok Maryana
Published: September 2021

Goal. The essay explores into the legal basis for combatting cyberbullying against children in the age of information technologies. The key signs of cyberbullying against children include the lack of time and geographical limits; the large scale and speed of sharing abusive information, and the unlimited audiences.
Methods. To achieve this goal, an empirical study was carried out, in which 180 first-year students (aged 17 years), who study at the Educational and Scientific Institute of Law, Psychology and Innovative Education of Lviv Polytechnic National University, took part. When studying the theoretical and methodological aspects of this research problem, the following theoretical methods were employed: analysis, synthesis, generalization of data from psychological, pedagogical, scientific and methodological literature sources.
Results. The phenomenon of cyberbullying against children is available in many developed countries. The research showed that children generally are well informed about the possibilities of protecting their rights in case of cyberbullying. However, the legal basis for protecting victims of cyberbullying requires the adoption of several laws.
Conclusions. Most digital rights are enshrined in various UN Human Rights Resolutions that require systematization into the single codified act – The Declaration of Digital Human Rights. The need for this act is increasingly growing. In ten years, it would be difficult to think of a model democratic society. To build a legal basis in the area of e-democracy in line with international standards, it is important to adopt the laws on protection of freedom on the Internet,” and on e-democracy, which will certainly secure digital rights of children.
Some compact and non-compact embedding theorems for the function spaces defined by fractional Fourier transform
Authors: TOKSOY Erdem , SANDIKÇI Ayşe
Published: September 2021

The fractional Fourier transform is a generalization of the classical Fourier transform through an angular parameter $\alpha $. This transform uses in quantum optics and quantum wave field reconstruction, also its application provides solving some differrential equations which arise in quantum mechanics. The aim of this work is to discuss compact and non-compact embeddings between the spaces $A_{\alpha ,p}^{w,\omega }\left(\mathbb{R}^{d}\right) $ which are the set of functions in ${L_{w}^{1}\left(\mathbb{R}^{d}\right) }$ whose fractional Fourier transform are in ${L_{\omega}^{p}\left(\mathbb{R}^{d}\right) }$. Moreover, some relevant counterexamples are indicated.
On the Computational Complexity of Non-Dictatorial Aggregation
Authors: Livieratos John , Kolaitis Phokion G. , Kirousis Lefteris
Published: September 2021

We investigate when non-dictatorial aggregation is possible from an algorithmic perspective, where non-dictatorial aggregation means that the votes cast by the members of a society can be aggregated in such a way that there is no single member of the society that always dictates the collective outcome. We consider the setting in which the members of a society take a position on a fixed collection of issues, where for each issue several different alternatives are possible, but the combination of choices must belong to a given set X of allowable voting patterns. Such a set X is called a possibility domain if there is an aggregator that is non-dictatorial, operates separately on each issue, and returns values among those cast by the society on each issue. We design a polynomial-time algorithm that decides, given a set X of voting patterns, whether or not X is a possibility domain. Furthermore, if X is a possibility domain, then the algorithm constructs in polynomial time a non-dictatorial aggregator for X. Furthermore, we show that the question of whether a Boolean domain X is a possibility domain is in NLOGSPACE. We also design a polynomial-time algorithm that decides whether X is a uniform possibility domain, that is, whether X admits an aggregator that is non-dictatorial even when restricted to any two positions for each issue. As in the case of possibility domains, the algorithm also constructs in polynomial time a uniform non-dictatorial aggregator, if one exists. Then, we turn our attention to the case where X is given implicitly, either as the set of assignments satisfying a propositional formula, or as a set of consistent evaluations of a sequence of propositional formulas. In both cases, we provide bounds to the complexity of deciding if X is a (uniform) possibility domain. Finally, we extend our results to four types of aggregators that have appeared in the literature: generalized dictatorships, whose outcome is always an element of their input, anonymous aggregators, whose outcome is not affected by permutations of their input, monotone, whose outcome does not change if more individuals agree with it and systematic, which aggregate every issue in the same way.
Can longer gaze duration determine risky investment decisions? An interactive perspective
Authors: Wang Yiheng , Liu Yanping
Published: September 2021

Can longer gaze duration determine risky investment decisions? Recent studies have tested how gaze influences people’s decisions and the boundary of the gaze effect. The current experiment used adaptive gaze-contingent manipulation by adding a self-determined option to test whether longer gaze duration can determine risky investment decisions. The results showed that both the expected value of each option and the gaze duration influenced people’s decisions. This result was consistent with the attentional diffusion model (aDDM) proposed by Krajbich et al. (2010), which suggests that gaze can influence the choice process by amplify the value of the choice. Therefore, the gaze duration would influence the decision when people do not have clear preference.The result also showed that the similarity between options and the computational difficulty would also influence the gaze effect. This result was inconsistent with prior research that used option similarities to represent difficulty, suggesting that both similarity between options and computational difficulty induce different underlying mechanisms of decision difficulty.
Mood variation with belief predicates: Modal comparison and the raisability of questions
Authors: Mari Alda , Portner Paul
Published: September 2021

This paper proposes that subjunctive in the complement of belief sentences in Italian expresses a relation between the attitude holder’s beliefs and the common ground. In contrast to most other Romance languages, ‘believe’ commonly and prescriptively takes subjunctive in Italian, though indicative is found as well, and as has been observed in the literature, the choice of indicative or subjunctive has semantic effects. We show that the indicative with ‘believe’ is used when the belief statement describes the personal mental state of the holder of the attitude, an interpretation that follows from the traditional Hintikkean semantics. In contrast, we show that subjunctive with ‘believe’ is used to mark a relation between the content of belief and the discourse context. To analyze these facts, we propose that the modal quantification present in attitude reports comes not from the attitude verb, but instead from the embedded verbal mood. What differentiates Italian from related languages where ‘believe’ only takes indicative, is that Italian allows the subjunctive to access the com- mon ground as a modal base, utilizing the verb’s doxastic background as an ordering source. The fact that subjunctive relates the common ground to the subject’s beliefs explains the discourse oriented meaning of this combination. We extend our analysis to several other predicates that show mood variation in Italian.
Hardiness development model in educational process at the University of EMERCOM of Russia
Authors:   The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Leonenko N.O. , Ostasheva E.I. ,   NPO "Association of Medical (Clinical) Psychologists", Ivanova T.V. ,   Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Davidenko A.S. ,   Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to scientific rationale of the hardiness development model among cadets, integrated into the educational process at Saint-Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. According to the authors, using this model would help to resolve the existing contradic-tions between the personality requirements in extreme conditions of their professional activities and practice that ensures the knowledge interiorization up to the level of competence. The model presents a system of practices distributed throughout all the cadets’ studying process in various organizational forms of the educational and out-of-school processes, such as lectures, seminars and practical classes, all types of practices, cultural and educational pro-jects, and psychological support of professional contingents of the State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia. The main methods are the following: Review and analytical method, document analysis, empirical method, modeling method, and probabilistic method. The model of the hardiness development is a phased process in which participants research their life world and ways of answering existential questions, development and imple-mentation of resilient practices in activities with subsequent reflection of self-consciousness and self-change experience. The content of the program includes two modules. The first module “Hardiness attitudes” is focused on understanding the universal conditions of human existence, existential data of being, semantic values self-determination. The purpose of the first module is to strengthen existential attitudes - risk acceptance, control, and engagement. The content of the second module is focused on three dimensions. These are psychological (self-knowledge and self-design), social (communicative skills), psychophysical (copping and self-regulation). Organizational forms of implementation the psychological mechanisms for resilience development are cognitive, activity and reflexive blocks. It is concluded that the use of the hardiness development model in educational process will contribute to the formation and development of psychological readiness of cadets to solve combat problems in extreme conditions by developing the capacity for mature and complex forms of self-regulation at the levels of existential attitude, psychological and psychophysical functioning of the personality, ability to make and implement decisions based on the existing knowledge and experience.
Stress Management and Resilience as a Psychological Resource in Case of Gelotophobia in the Context of Students’ Psychological Health
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Zyatkova E.O. , Stoyanova I.Y. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation); Mental Health Research Institute of Tomsk NRMC, Yazykov K.G. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation); Siberian State Medical University
Published: September 2021

In the article the manifestation of gelotophobia (fear of being laughed at) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd-year students aged 17–22 years is described. The aim of the present study was to in-vestigate the manifestation of the fear of being laughed at and its influence on the components of students’ psychological health as a factor of predisposition to mental health disorders. According to this aim, three tasks were set. The first task was to identify the differences in gelotophobia depending on the duration of education and gender. The second task was to establish a link between personality traits and the level of gelotophobia. The third task was to observe the relationship between components of psychological health (resilience, stress management) and the level of gelotophobia. To identify the level of fear of being laughed at in a sample of students, we set the scales of the "GELOPH-15" questionnaire and specified them as low, moderate and high gelotophobia scores. Then, using the frequency analysis of students’ answers to this questionnaire, we found out that most responses indicated a moderate level of gelotophobia (71%), only 16% of answers indicate a low level, and 10% of answers present a high level of fear of being laughed at. Also 3% of students did not answer this ques-tionnaire. The results of this study demonstrated that gelotophobia is more typical for female than for male students. The data also showed that the manifestation of gelotophobia didn’t correlate to the duration of education. A comparative analysis using the Student's t-test in the female and male subgroups identified that young women in socially significant cases could hardly tolerate negative situations. Young men, on the other hand, were able to cope with stressful situations if they had internal balance. Using the Spearman rank test, a correlation analysis was performed between the scales of the characterological questionnaire and the level of gelotophobia. A relationship with the total score of gelotophobia, as well as with the average and low score of gelotophobia was found. No correlation with a high score of gelotophobia was found. The analysis of the results obtained showed that resilience and its components (involvement, control and risk acceptance) helps to reduce stress and the influ-ence of negative factors that cause fear in socially significant situations. The results corre-spond to the above stated aims and tasks. Further work in this direction will make it possible to develop a program of psychological support for students.
Psychological environment at the class as a factor of the student's success
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Malinovskaya Ekaterina
Published: September 2021

The article says that the teacher at the vocal lesson should switch the focus from correcting mistakes to improving skills that are already achieved. Such point of view will create an aim to fix problems, and help to achieve more positive results. The main task of the teacher, besides training professional skills, is to create a positive atmosphere in the classroom. It is necessary not to ignore occurring mistakes, but to accentuate the ways of getting a positive result.
THE REASONABLENESS OF THE DELETION OF THREE SOLO SCENES (WERE REMOVED BY E. NAPRAVNIK) FROM THE PREMIERE OF OPERA "THE SNOW MAIDEN" BY RIMSKY-KORSAKOV
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Stepanova Ekaterina , Miroshnikov Nikita ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2021

The article considers the reasonableness of removal of three solo scenes from the premiere of "The Snow Maiden" by Rimsky-Korsakov. Often, the directorate of the theater does not really follow artistic aims. Main goals are increasing the popularity of the performance and the sales of tickets. Therefore, it is inevitable to use many kinds of cutting the play. Unfortunately, one way or another, this path has negative sides – the perception of the work is distorted, since not all scenes can be easily removed from the performance without damaging it.
La biología del desarrollo como medio para abordar el conocimiento del cuerpo humano en estudiantes de grado octavo del Colegio Manuela Beltrán
Authors: Vargas Guzmán Angie Daniela
Published: September 2021

En este artículo de investigación se muestra un proyecto que se realizó durante la práctica pedagógica para abordar el conocimiento del cuerpo humano a través de la biología del desarrollo. Se hace esta propuesta considerando la importancia que tiene para el docente de biología el elaborar material didáctico con el objetivo de vincular a los estudiantes en su proceso de aprendizaje y, de esta manera, permitir una enseñanza que involucre las problemáticas de la adolescencia (baja autoestima, bajo rendimiento académico, etc.) encontradas en el aula. En primer lugar, se hizo una contextualización en el aula para identificar algunas de las problemáticas de octavo grado, luego se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre la biología del desarrollo y, por último, se elaboró una unidad didáctica titulada “El mundo de la biología del desarrollo humano”. En la unidad se abordaron los conceptos fundamentales del tema y se incluyó una sección de preguntas basadas en estudios de caso, datos curiosos y tips para el cuidado del cuerpo humano. La elaboración de la unidad didáctica se basó en lo que habría ocurrido en una posible aplicación, pues debido a la pandemia por la covid-19 no fue posible su implementación.
Analogías como estrategia para lograr la comprensión de la selección natural
Authors: Palacios Rodríguez Juan Sebastian , Cortés-Parra Camilo Andrés
Published: September 2021

Las analogías han sido descritas como herramientas de gran utilidad en el desarrollo de conceptos explicativos, ya que permiten comprender determinados fenómenos a través de su relación con un sistema análogo. En este artículo de investigación se desarrolla una analogía como estrategia de aprendizaje para facilitar la comprensión de la selección natural mediante una actividad en la cual se integran diferentes elementos conceptuales de la temática general, en el marco de la aplicación de una unidad didáctica enfocada en la enseñanza de y desde la teoría evolutiva para estudiantes de séptimo grado del Colegio Panamericano (IED), Bogotá, Colombia. Los participantes respondieron positivamente ante la analogía, ya que comprendieron los elementos teóricos involucrados y fueron capaces de asociarlos con los conceptos vistos en clases teóricas previas. Por último, los conectaron con la explicación del mecanismo de selección natural que fue integrado correctamente en sus argumentaciones posteriores. La analogía se implementó de forma eficaz como herramienta complementaria y de transversalización en la enseñanza de la evolución por selección natural; se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios en la comprensión de conceptos que resultan particularmente difíciles de entender para los estudiantes.
Resolution of an online meeting of the Siberian, Far Eastern and Southern Federal Districts experts on the results of the EMPEROR-Reduced trial “Therapeutic approaches in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial and the EMPEROR-Reduced trial”
Authors: Barbarash O. L. , Kashtalap V. V. , Garganeeva A. A. , Protasov K. V. , Korennova O. Yu. , Gogolashvili N. G. , Salasyuk A. S. , Efremushkina A. A. , Zharskiy S. L. , Zenin S. A. , Makarov S. А. , Nevzorova V. A. , Sodnomova L. B. , Ustyugov S. A. , Tsygankova O. G. , Shabelnikova Yu. O.
Published: September 2021

At the online meeting of experts held on April 24, 2021, the results of the international multicenter trial EMPEROR-Reduced were considered. Taking into account the beneficial cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<40%), and improvement in patient survival rates, a number of proposals and recommendations for widespread implementation of the trial results into practice of treating patients with chronic heart failure were adopted.
Cardiac progenitor cell sheets secrete proangiogenic growth factors and locally activate capillarogenesis after infarction
Authors: Dergilev K. V. , Tsokolaeva Z. I. , Vasilets Yu. D. , Beloglazova I. B. , Parfenova E. V.
Published: September 2021

Background.      The application of tissue-engineered constructs that simulate the natural microenvironment of cells, maintain their viability and functional properties, is a new promising route for the treatment of ischemic diseases. However, the mechanisms that ensure the effectiveness of this type of treatment and the principles of choosing the optimal population of progenitor cells remain poorly understood.        

Aim. To study the profile of secretion of proangiogenic growth factors of cardiosphere-derived cell sheet (CS), and to study the effect of their transplantation on postinfarction myocardial vascularization.            

Methods. Assembly of cardiosphere-derived cell sheets were performed on thermosensitive culture plates. Characterization of cell sheets was performed using immunofluorescence staining and a commercial kit for the determination of proangiogenic factors “Mouse Angiogenesis Antibody Array”. The evaluation of the angiogenic properties of the cell graft in vivo was carried out using a rat myocardial infarction model.              

Results. It was found that the cardiosphere-derived cell sheet secrete factors involved in the regulation of vasculo-/angiogenesis. At the same time, the cultivation of cell sheets under hypoxic conditions (3% O2) led to an increase in the secretion of proangigenic factors VEGF and pIgF, fGf-1, FGF-2, endothelin-1, as well as MMP-9, which is involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Cell sheet transplantation on the epicardial surface of the heart after myocardial infarction ensures cell viability and local increase in capillarization of the damaged area. 

Conclusion. Thus, the application of cardiosphere-derived cell sheets, which have proangiogenic properties and ability to maintain post transplantation cell survival, can be considered as a promising approach for the development of new methods of therapy for heart diseases
Quality management system performance under force majeure risk (COVID-19 pandemic)
Authors: Karas D. V. , Danilchenko Y. V. , Batsina E. A. , Popsuyko A. N. , Kilizhekova D. V. , Artamonova G. V.
Published: September 2021

Aim.To assess the effectiveness of QMS implemented by Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases (NII KPSSZ) in 2020 and determine the impact of force majeure event (COVID-19 pandemic) on the achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization.

Methods.11 QMS processes of the NII KPSSZ in 2020 were analyzed according to 98 performance criteria. The following general scientific methods were used for the assessment of QMS: analysis, synthesis, structural and systems analysis.

Results.The overall effectiveness of the QMS in 2020 was 83.5%, for the individual processes it varies from 57% to 100%. Achievement of target indicators in accordance with the criteria reflects the effectiveness of risk management in QMS processes. 27 criteria were added (9 of which were reformulated) as a result of the development of the system and the analysis of work experience in unusual circumstances for year 2021. At the end of 2021, QMS will be analyzed according to 117 criteria for the processes effectiveness.

Conclusion.The presented experience of quality management system functioning in 2020 highlights the significant roles of monitoring of the main processes and performance indicators analysis of scientific and medical organization in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Such analysis is a necessary for decision-making because it allows the organization to fulfill the obligations, maintain conditions for increasing stakeholder satisfaction, monitor risks and assess opportunities associated with the environment and objectives of the organization, and ensure compliance with the standard requirements, regulations and legislation.
Association between the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes and the course of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Garganeeva A. A. , Aleksandrenko V. A. , Kuzheleva E. A. , Ryabov V. V. , Rebrova T. Yu. , Afanasiev S. A.
Published: September 2021

Aim.      To investigate the relationship between the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes and the course of acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods.           An analysis of the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was conducted using beta-blocker-based osmotic fragility test in sixty-two patients within the first 6 hours after onset of MI symptoms.

Results. The results revealed that the patients with increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility experienced more complications after acute MI, such as left ventricular failure and cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia) (p = 0.026). Moreover, these patients exhibited greater myocardial injury - the concentration of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis, such as creatine phosphokinase, creatine phosphokinase MB and Troponin I was increased - p = 0.009, p = 0.032 and p = 0.001, respectively. In addition to that, the patients with high osmotic fragility had a larger number of hypokinetic and akinetic segments, high impaired myocardial contractility index, and low ejection fraction. The impaired myocardial contractility index was significantly higher in patients with increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility (1.5 (1.22; 1.75) vs 1.12 (1.0; 1.56), U = 157.5, p = 0.032).

Conclusion. Increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients was associated with greater myocardial injury, manifesting through the higher concentration of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis in blood, as well as higher number of hypokinetic segments.
Potential mechanisms underlying cardiovascular protection by sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (empagliflozin)
Authors: Sabirov I. S. , Murkamilov I. T. , Fomin V. V.
Published: September 2021

The presented literature review is devoted to the cardioprotective capabilities of a new class of antihyperglycemic drugs - sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2), which improve glycemic control through an insulin-independent mechanism of action associated with an increase in urinary glucose excretion. The article presents the results of large-scale clinical trials on the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with and without diabetes, and with cardiovascular diseases or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. A number of the most frequently discussed cardiac specific mechanisms mediated by the SGLT2 inhibitor affecting the Abstract           state of the cardiovascular system are presented. Moreover, the article presents the results of a placebo-controlled clinical trial entitled “Empagliflozin reduces mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk” (EMPA-REG oUtcOmE) to analyze the cardioprotective capabilities of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and concomitant cardiovascular diseases. The article emphasizes the importance of further research to determine the degree of contribution of the above-mentioned mechanisms to the cardioprotective potential of SGLT2 inhibitors. PubMed database was used to identify relevant studies and systematic reviews.
The Legal Issues of Appropriate Assessment Procedure for the Proposed Activities, Installations, Plans and Programmes for the Types of Activities That Have or are Likely to Have an Adverse Impact on the Emerald Sites
Authors: Tretiak Taras
Published: September 2021

The article is the result of drafting work aimed at Ukrainian legislation approximation to EU law experience in the field of the protection of flora and fauna. Th article deals with the issues arisen before the authors of the draft Law of Ukraine “On Emerald Sites”, concerning: the kind of procedure for assessing the permissibility for the types of activities, installations, plans and programmes that are likely to have an adverse impact on the Emerald sites (sites that are necessary for the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora); the functions of appropriate assessment procedure for the proposed activities, installations, plans and programmes that are likely to have an adverse impact on the Emerald sites, etc. The author analyses the ideas enshrined in the draft Law of Ukraine “On Emerald Sites” and suggests his own proposals on this subject. Ths study may be useful for facilitating the legislative process in the field of decision-making process, property rights protection and Emerald sites preserving.
Animals with Regard to Climate Changes - International and European Law Aspects
Authors: Sushyk Olha , Rosokhata Daria
Published: September 2021

The article consists of three parts. Firstly, it introduces the connection between animal and climate change. On the one hand, the impact of agricultural emissions (livestock emissions) on climate change has been introduced. On the other hand, it has been presented that the climate change has a negative impact not only for the humankind, but also for the biodiversity (animals) which have an economic and socio-cultural significance. Th second part provides an analysis of relevant international legal frameworks (UN Climate Change regime) that stipulate specifically in relation to livestock emissions globally and existing legal and policy frameworks in the EU that address livestock emissions, namely the Effort Sharing Decision and the Common Agricultural Policy. Thirdly, the paper focuses on the problem of biodiversity conservation though the signifiant pace of climate change has been regulated by a number of international conventions. EU-wide ecological network is being created in Europe that ensures the preservation of the natural environment of animals and the ways of their migration, regardless of the existing borders of the countries. Climate change is already having adverse effcts on animal and those effects are likely to prove devastating in the future. Nonetheless, the relevant harms to animals have yet to become a serious part of the analysis of climate change policy.
Legal Status of Animals in Ukraine and Poland
Authors: Marusenko Roman
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the analysis of animals’ legal status via examples of Polish and Ukrainian legislation. The examples of inaccurate usage of legal terminology is this sphere (concerning subjects and objects) are analyzed. Legislative attempts to assign the status of subjects of law to animals in Ukraine and Poland are discovered. Remarkable examples from world judicial practice are revealed. Historical parallels are shown. Conclusion of possible solutions taking into account present understanding of nature of law and the aim of proposed changes in legal regulation is made.