bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recidivism of Low-Risk People That Receive Residential Community-Based Correctional Programs: The Role of Risk Contamination
Authors: Ostermann Michael
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Placing low-risk individuals into residential community-based correctional programs often results in minimal or iatrogenic impacts upon recidivism. Contamination through exposure to higher-risk program participants is a mechanism that has been used to explain these effects. This study empirically explores this phenomenon.

Methods

A series of survival models examine data from low-risk paroled people released from a state’s prisons from 2005 to 2011 (n = 3,862) to assess the impact of residential community-based program participation upon recidivism. The daily rate of exposure to higher-risk people while attending programs is modeled for a subset of program participants (n = 202) to assess impacts upon time to failure within 18-months of program completion.

Results

Program participation increased the hazards of failure by approximately 66% for low-risk paroled people. Exposure to higher-risk people did not have significant impacts upon recidivism.

Conclusions

The current study coincides with past work demonstrating that policy makers and practitioners should be mindful of the potential iatrogenic or minimal recidivism effects associated with treating low-risk people through residential community-based programs. The mechanisms by which these effects are produced are in need of further exploration. Particular attention should be paid to whether programs can disrupt pro-social aspects of low-risk peoples’ lives.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Death Anxiety Among Iranian Patients With Cancer
Authors: Shakeri Bahreh , Abdi Kamel , Bagi Majid , Dalvand Sahar , Shahriari Hosein , Sadeghi Sharam , Ghanei Gheshlagh Reza
Published: February 2022

Death anxiety in cancer patients can cause and exacerbate mental disorders and affect the healing process and survival. In this study, percentage score of death anxiety among Iranian cancer patients was reported. The databases of Scopus, PubMed, ISI, MagIran, and Scientific Information Database were searched and 396 articles were retrieved. Twenty-three eligible studies were included in the analysis considering the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity among selected studies was assessed through the Cochrane Q test and I2 test. The percentage of death anxiety scores in Iranian patients with cancer was 59.91% (95% confidence interval: 51.57–62.24). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the percentage of death anxiety scores in patients with breast cancer was 67.55% (95% CI: 56.50–78.60) and in patients with other malignancies was 53.78% (95% CI: 50.20–57.36). Death anxiety is high among Iranian patients with cancer and counseling sessions to control and manage this challenge seems necessary.
Miranda Warning Comprehension: The Influence of Verbal Aptitude and Hearing Status
Authors: Silvasi Paul M. , Bell Daniel , Contreras Jessica , Rothman-Marshall Stefanie Fauchere and Gail , Ernest Jennifer L. , Edlund John E.
Published: February 2022

The Miranda warning was drafted in order to inform people of their rights upon arrest in an easy to understand manner. However, to understand the warning a person needs a high school level reading comprehension (which is above the level of most offenders). Among these offenders, deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) individuals are particularly prone to misinterpreting the Miranda warning due to language barriers with law enforcement and below average English literacy compared to hearing individuals. Two studies were performed. The first compared Miranda warning comprehension between hearing and DHH participants, and it was found that DHH participants showed overall lower comprehension. The second study, consisting only of DHH participants, compared the effectiveness of four different presentations of the Miranda warning: signed in American Sign Language (ASL), signed in Signed Exact English (SEE), oral presentation, and written presentation. The written presentation demonstrated the lowest comprehension scores while the other three methods showed no significant difference in comprehension. The results suggest that the Miranda warning is best administered to DHH individuals with the assistance of a certified sign language interpreter. Limitations of the sample and directions for future research are discussed.
Vision Rehabilitation Therapists Teaching Technology: Association Between Their Age and the Frequency at Which Technology Job Tasks Are Performed
Authors: Connors Elyse M. , Pavone Rachel C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

This study seeks to examine the association between the age of the Vision Rehabilitation Therapist (VRT) and the frequency at which they carry out technology job tasks.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was performed, using chi square to test for an association between the age of the VRT and the frequency at which they carry out 11 specific job tasks related to technology.

Results

Age of the VRT was shown to be negatively associated with the frequency at which 6 of the 11 technology job tasks are performed.

Discussion

Overall, younger VRTs are teaching access technology at higher frequencies than older VRTs. Newer specific technologies are being taught more often by younger VRTs, such as mobile technologies, voice-controlled devices, and social media. Older technologies such as keyboarding and OCR are being taught at similar frequencies regardless of age. Given the aging population of VRTs and the small number of university VRT programs, it may not be sustainable to rely on recent graduates or younger VRTs to fulfill access training needs for persons with visual impairment. With the availability, affordability, and quick emergence of new technologies, it is critical that all VRTs have access to continuing education to become comfortable and proficient in teaching newer technologies.

Implication for Practitioners

Technology training is critical for employment and independence for many persons with vision impairment. Continuing education for VRTs to be comfortable and competent in teaching emerging technologies may be important in ensuring that access technology training is available to all persons with visual impairment.
Petrous bone cholesteatoma presenting as CSF rhinorrhea: An extremely rare case report
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Fang , Xu Shan , Jiang Xuejun
Published: February 2022

Patients with petrous bone cholesteatoma most commonly present with hearing loss and facial paralysis. Other clinical presentations can include otorrhea, tinnitus, aural fullness, otalgia, and dizziness. Here, we report a patient with petrous bone cholesteatoma who presented with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. This patient was initially misdiagnosed with rhinogenic cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and was finally diagnosed with the supralabyrinthine type of petrous bone cholesteatoma. During the surgical repair through the transmastoid trans-superior semicircular canal approach, the fistula was found in the superior wall of the internal auditory canal. He had satisfactory outcomes after the surgery, with no recurrent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.
A Multi-Task Learning Framework for Automated Segmentation and Classification of Breast Tumors From Ultrasound Images
Authors: Chowdary Jignesh , Yogarajah Pratheepan , Chaurasia Priyanka , Guruviah Velmathi
Published: February 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most fatal diseases leading to the death of several women across the world. But early diagnosis of breast cancer can help to reduce the mortality rate. So an efficient multi-task learning approach is proposed in this work for the automatic segmentation and classification of breast tumors from ultrasound images. The proposed learning approach consists of an encoder, decoder, and bridge blocks for segmentation and a dense branch for the classification of tumors. For efficient classification, multi-scale features from different levels of the network are used. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is able to enhance the accuracy and recall of segmentation by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and classification by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], respectively than the methods available in the literature.
Moral emotions in early childhood: Validation of the Moral Emotions Questionnaire (MEQ)
Authors: da Silva Brenda M. S. , Ketelaar Lizet , Veiga Guida , Tsou Yung-Ting , Rieffe Carolien
Published: February 2022

Moral emotions are experienced in daily life and are crucial for mediating appropriate social behaviors, as they prevent individuals from committing transgressions. In this study, caregivers of 377 children aged between 2.5 and 6.5 years old completed the Moral Emotions Questionnaire (MEQ), a parent report aimed to separately identify the presence of shame, guilt, and pride behaviors in early childhood. To validate this newly developed questionnaire, a confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance were conducted, and internal consistency, and concurrent validity were tested. Outcomes confirmed that the three moral emotions can be individually identified through the MEQ, even at such an early age. The MEQ scales showed acceptable internal consistencies and the associations between the three moral emotions and externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, and social competence were in accordance with previous research, therefore confirming concurrent validity.
Turning to Mystery in Institutional Theory: The Jesuit Spiritual Exercises
Authors: Bento da Silva Jose , Quattrone Paolo , Llewellyn Nick
Published: February 2022

Previous researchers have argued that material objects reproduce institutional logics on the basis of their durability, immutability and mobility. In this paper we analyse material objects that secure logics not because they reveal meanings and significations, but because they allow individuals and groups to confront the mystery of institutional values. Drawing on extensive historical sources, we analyse a small material object, a book entitled The Spiritual Exercises, and investigate the institutionalization of a practice for discovering what cannot be rendered material, the ineffable mystery of God’s will, as key component of the Jesuit beliefs system. We argue that religious logics require objects that present, rather than resolve, the mystery of institutional values. We extend the literature on institutional logics by considering how mystery enables institutions and their logics to embrace difference, adapt and endure for centuries. Our paper shows that institutional values and goods are ontologically mysterious no-things, ready to be interrogated through objects and procedural logics.
Feeling Rule Management and Relational Authority: Fostering patient compliance in palliative care consultations
Authors: Mukherjee Shibashis , Thomas Clayton D.
Published: February 2022

Once conferred by jurisdictions, hierarchies, or credentials, professional authority is now considered relational and probabilistic, drawing attention to actions that professionals can take to encourage client compliance. In this paper, we use ethnographic observations of palliative care consultations to show that professionals suggest feeling rules that correct patients’ lay understandings and in doing so facilitate compliance. Palliative care professionals suggested three corrective feeling rules that validate patients’ emotions and reattribute them to circumstances aligned with professionals’ expert recommendations for care: that patients should fear curative treatment, that patients should hope for pain relief, and that patients and family members should feel guilty for prolonging misery. We argue that authority depends, in part, on professionals’ ability to manage broader feeling rules instead of individual emotions. Given that feeling rule management involves altering meanings of what is considered appropriate, we contend that professionals’ symbolic power and emotional capital underpin their authority in the professional–client encounter.
Eligibility and Prevalence of the American Heart Association Heart Check Certification Program in the US Packaged Food and Beverage Supply: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Guo Mianzhao (Tracy) , Baldridge Abigail S. , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Van Horn Linda V. , Rumalla Kranti , Bright Brooke , Xavier Dagan , Huffman Mark D.
Published: February 2022

Objective: Consumers in the US make choices within a food supply dominated by processed packaged foods and beverage products. Front-of-package nutrition labels (FOPL) equip consumers to make healthier choices, but further evaluation and regulation regarding FOPL format, scope, and display have been recommended by the World Health Organization. As a leader in consumer FOPL guidance, the American Heart Association's (AHA) Heart Check programme certifies food companies seeking to add an AHA Heart Check logo as a FOPL for qualifying heart healthy products. A cross-sectional assessment of the AHA Heart Check Standard Certification was conducted within the US packaged food and beverage supply to assess the eligibility and prevalence of the programme as a FOPL. Methods: Data were derived from Label Insight's Open Data initiative, which is the largest publicly-available US branded food composition database. The proportions of products that were certified and eligible to be certified for the Standard Certification were reported by nutrient attributes, grocery aisles and food brands. Results: Among 153,453 products examined, fewer than 1% exhibited the Heart Check certification on their label. Among products that were not Heart Check certified,13.8% were eligible for Standard Certification. The most common reason for ineligibility was the saturated fat content (52%), followed by total fat content (47%) and sodium content (47%). Heart Check certification and eligibility differed substantially across grocery aisle categories. Conclusions: The abundance of unhealthy products in the US packaged food and beverage supply and absence of harmonized FOPL policies suggest the need for FOPL like the Heart Check label to promote adherence to healthy diets. There are opportunities for food manufacturers and the AHA to certify more heart healthy foods and beverages. However, more consistent criteria and transparent labelling could enhance Heart Check certification to facilitate consumers’ ability to make more informed and healthful purchases.
Reducing the use of imprisonment. Lessons from Probation Day Centres in England and Wales: 1970–2000
Authors: Vanstone Maurice , Priestley Philip
Published: February 2022

Day Reporting Centres as an alternative to prison have become a feature of the Criminal Justice Systems of most States in America. In contrast, Day Centres have virtually disappeared from the curricula of Probation services in England and Wales. In this paper we look back on the short history of day centre provision in this country and examine what can be learned from its different forms and assess the viability of reintroducing the concept as a means of significantly reducing the use of imprisonment this side of the Atlantic.
Don’t get too emotional: How regulatory focus can condition the influence of top managers’ negative emotions on SME responses to economic crisis
Authors: Miocevic Dario
Published: February 2022

How small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) cope with economic crises and their aftermaths has been engaging both practitioners and academicians for some time. This study sets to explore how the negative emotional reactions of top managers drive an SME’s strategic responses to the economic crisis initiated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. By drawing on the affect-as-information theory, our survey data collected from 155 top managers in SMEs shows that in SMEs led by top managers who experience strong negative emotions, there is a stronger tendency for increased retrenchment and decreased investment response. Through the lens of regulatory focus theory, we additionally show that this relationship is conditioned by the regulatory foci of such managers. In SMEs led by top managers with high prevention and low promotion focus, there is a balanced response, whereas in SMEs led by top managers with strong promotion and weak prevention focus, oscillations in responses are more likely to occur.
Interoperability in the era of digital innovation: An information systems research agenda
Authors: Hodapp Daniel , Hanelt André
Published: February 2022

Digital innovation enables new forms of cyber-physical innovation based on digital business ecosystems. However, the realization of the opportunities arising from such innovation substantially hinges on interoperability, that is, the ability of two or more systems to exchange information and understand that exchanged information. While interoperability is a long-standing topic in research and practice alike and a valuable knowledge base exists, digital innovation poses novel challenges that might not be covered by conventional wisdom. Accordingly, we review the literature and, first, propose an organizing framework for existing interoperability knowledge involving the contextual conditions of low interoperability, the mechanisms to increase interoperability, and the associated outcomes. Second, we use the framework to identify previous research foci in the scholarly discourse about interoperability and to discuss the potential limitations of this past work in light of digital innovation. Third, we propose a research agenda that enables information systems (IS) research to address the identified limitations—involving conceptual, scoping, and methodological issues—and provide specific recommendations on how to address the identified issues in future IS research. Finally, we propose five major research topics for further inquiry by combining the challenges identified in current knowledge with the current shift toward hyper-connected ecosystems underlying digital innovation.
Care Pathways, Health Service Use Patterns and Opportunities for Justice Involvement Prevention Among Forensic Mental Health Clients
Authors: Leclair Marichelle C. , Charette Yanick , Caulet Malijaï , Crocker Anne G.
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The objective of the present study is to describe the patterns of health service use and of prescription claims in the year preceding an offense leading to a verdict of not criminally responsible on account of a mental disorder (NCRMD).

Methods

Provincial health administrative databases were used to identify medical services, hospitalizations, and ambulatory prescription claims among 1,014 individuals found NCRMD in Québec. Contacts in the year preceding the offense were analyzed using descriptive analyses and latent class analysis.

Results

Overall, 71.4% of subjects were in contact with services for mental health reasons within a year of their NCRMD offense. Among those that received services and not hospitalized for psychiatric reasons at the time of the offense, 20.7% committed the NCRMD offense within a week of the most recent mental health contact. Among those that had at least one prescription claim for an antipsychotic, 45.8% were not taking any antipsychotic at the time of the offense. Latent class analysis provided a multidimensional representation of mental health service use and showed that 58.4% of subjects had no or very rare contact with services.

Conclusions

Many forensic patients are likely to have experienced service disruption or discontinuity while in the community, for reasons that may relate to perceived need for care, to service organization, or to the acceptability, availability, and accessibility of services. Given the serious impact of the “forensic” label on the lives of service users, not to mention the increased pressure on resources, the considerable economic costs, and the impact on victims, there is reason to advocate for a greater involvement of mental and physical health service providers in early prevention of violence, which requires reorganizing resources to share the forensic knowledge upstream, before an offense is committed.
Sentencing of Technical and Low-Level Supervision Violations: An Analysis of Fixed Effects Across Federal Judicial Districts
Authors: DaGrossa Joseph A.
Published: February 2022

A considerable amount of previous research has examined the iatrogenic effects of mass imprisonment. This work has often considered the fact that the sentencing of people for low-level supervision violations is a contributing factor to the prison population. Relatively little work, however, has examined the factors which specifically influence the sentencing of probation and parole violators for technical and other low-level infractions. The present study analyzed over 44,000 cases of individuals who appeared in federal courts between 2013 and 2017 for relatively minor violations of federal community-based supervision. Using multilevel analysis to account for the nested quality of federal sentencing data, the study examined assorted individual-level legal and extra-legal effects on various sentencing outcomes. Effects were found for gender, having admitted to supervision violations, and predicate offense of conviction. Implications are presented.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Palliative Care at the End of Life: An Irish Multicentre Retrospective Study
Authors: O'Sullivan HM , Conroy M , Power DG , Bambury RM , O’Mahony D , Collins DC , O’Leary MJ , O’Reilly S
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have less toxicity than standard chemotherapy and are now standard of care for many patients with advanced cancer. A manageable side effect profile and potential for durable responses may lead to aggressive care of the palliative patient. We sought to evaluate palliative care input and ICI use at the end of life at two Irish cancer centres. Methods: We identified deceased patients who received at least one dose of an ICI between first of January 2013 to 31st of December 2018. A retrospective electronic chart review was performed. Results: The electronic records of 102 patients were analysed. Fifty eight percent were male and the median age of diagnosis of advanced disease was 60 years (range 17-78). Median time from last dose of ICI to death was 57 days (range 8-574) and 20% of patients died within 30 days of last dose of ICI. Most patients, 92%, were referred to palliative care. The median time from palliative care referral to death was 64 days (range 1- 1010). In the last 30 days of life, 39% of patients attended the emergency department (ED) and 46% had at least one hospital admission. Late palliative care referrals, ≤3 months before death, were associated with hospitalisations in the last month of life (64% vs. 36%, P = .02). Timing of palliative care referral did not affect ICI prescribing at the end of life ( P = 0.38). ICI use in the last 30 days of life was not associated with increased ED presentations or hospitalisations at the end of life. Patients who received ICI in the last month had a higher likelihood of in-hospital death (43% vs. 16%, P = 0.02). Conclusions: ICI within 30 days of death was associated with dying in hospital but did not lead to more hospitalisations and emergency department presentations. Early palliative care did not affect ICI use but reduced hospitalisations at the end of life.
Supply chain capacity to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario: Challenges faced by a health system in transition
Authors: Snowdon Anne W. , Wright Alexandra
Published: February 2022

This provincial case study, one of seven conducted as part of a national research program on healthcare supply chain management during COVID-19, focuses on Ontario. The context of significant restructuring of health organizations and regions in Ontario challenged the province’s capacity to respond to COVID-19. A complex leadership structure, led by political leaders, with limited healthcare supply chain expertise at decision-making tables and a prioritization of “hospitals first” early in the first wave were described as challenges Ontario faced in managing the pandemic. A lack of supply chain digital infrastructure—and consequently, lack of available data—meant informed decision-making regarding supply utilization and demand forecasting was not possible. The Ontario case presents key lessons learned regarding the unintended consequences of lack of supply chain coordination across organizations, and the prioritization of hospitals and allocation strategies on Canada’s most vulnerable population segments.
Incidence of Seizure and Associated Risk Factors in Patients in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) from 2016–2017
Authors: Azary Saeedeh , Caravanos Christopher , Reiner Anne S. , Panageas Katherine S. , Dhawan Vikram , Avila Edward K.
Published: February 2022

Background: Seizures and status epilepticus are common neurologic complications in the intensive care unit (ICU) but the incidence in a cancer ICU is unknown. It is important to understand seizure risk factors in cancer patients to properly diagnose the seizure type to ensure appropriate therapy. Methods: We identified patients admitted to the medical ICU at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) from January 2016 to December 2017 who had continuous or routine electroencephalography (EEG) and identified clinical and electrographic seizures by chart review. Results: Of the 1059 patients admitted to the ICU between 2016 and 2017, 50 patients had clinical and/or electrographic seizures (incidence of 4.7%, 95% CI: 3.4-6.0). The incidences of clinical and electrographic seizure were 4.1% and 1.1%, respectively. In a multivariable stepwise regression model, history of seizure (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.1-7.8, P: .03), brain metastasis (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1-5.8, P: .03), vasopressor requirement (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0-4.9, P: .05), and age < 65 (2.4, 95% CI: 1.2-5.0, P: .02) were associated with increased risk of seizure (either clinical or electrographic). Obtaining continuous EEG instead of routine EEG increased the yield of seizure detection significantly (OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.3-11.1, P: .01). No chemotherapy in the past 30 days, no antibiotic use, vasopressor requirement, and having a brain tumor increased risk of electrographic seizure. Length of continuous EEG > 24 h significantly increased the chances of both clinical and electrographic seizure detection, (OR: 2.6 [95% CI: 1.2-5.7] and 15.0 [95% CI: 2.7-82.5], respectively). Conclusions: We identified known and cancer-related risk factors which can aid clinicians in diagnosing seizures in cancer ICUs. Long-term video EEG monitoring should be considered, particularly given the treatable and reversible nature of seizures.
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrated by Men Seeking Help: The Explanatory Roles of Psychological Distress and Affect Dysregulation
Authors: Audet Ariane , Brassard Audrey , Dugal Caroline , Claing Aurélie , Daspe Marie-Ève , Savard Claudia , Lafontaine Marie-France , Péloquin Katherine , Godbout Natacha
Published: February 2022

Despite an increase in research initiatives and prevention campaigns, intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a public health problem that affects many victims worldwide. The current study aims to examine whether psychological distress symptoms (anger, depression, and anxiety) are indirectly related to the perpetration of IPV (physical assault, psychological abuse, and coercive control) through affect dysregulation (AD) in men seeking help. Online questionnaires assessing psychological distress symptoms, AD, and violent behaviors were completed by 335 adult men entering treatment for IPV. A path analysis model revealed the indirect associations between psychological distress symptoms and higher IPV perpetration through higher AD. Symptoms of anger were indirectly related to the three forms of perpetrated IPV through higher AD. Symptoms of depression were, directly and indirectly, related to the three forms of perpetrated IPV through higher AD. Finally, symptoms of anxiety were directly related to lower physical assault perpetration, and indirectly related to higher physical assault and coercive control perpetration through higher AD. The final model explained 10% of the variance in perpetrated physical assault, 23% of the variance in perpetrated psychological abuse, and 13% of the variance in perpetrated coercive control. These results underline the necessity of assessing and addressing symptoms of psychological distress and AD among men perpetrators in the treatment of IPV.
“Till Death Do Us Part”, Dying Matters, Beyond the Individual: Advance Care Planning Patterns Among Older Couples
Authors: Lee Hyo Jung , Kim Bon
Published: February 2022

Objective

We examined the formal and informal advance care planning (ACP) patterns of older couples and determined how these patterns are associated with individual and spousal characteristics.

Methods

Using data from the 2014 and 2016 Health and Retirement Study, we performed latent class analysis to identify ACP patterns and multinomial regression models to describe characteristics of older couples ( N = 2195 couples).

Results

We identified four ACP patterns: high engaging couple (47%); high engaging husband—low engaging wife (11%); high engaging wife—low engaging husband (11%); and low engaging couple (31%). High engaging couples were more likely to be older, educated, and financially better off, whereas high ACP engagement in discordant ACP patterns was associated with health and wives’ constraints.

Discussion

A couple-based approach was recommended to promote the merits of ACP where spouses were older, had limited resources, or where one or both partners were suffering from poor health.
Reducing hospital admissions and transfers to long-term inpatient care: A systematic literature review
Authors: Herberg Stephan , Teuteberg Frank
Published: February 2022

Individuals in need of long-term care and their relatives prefer to receive and give care in their domestic environment for as long as possible. Residential long-term care is to be avoided for as long as possible. To achieve this goal, the care setting must be optimally oriented to the needs of the person in need of care. Moreover, relatives who provide care must be professionally supported. The Regional Care Competence Center (ReKo), launched on October 1, 2019, is a quasi-experimental study (two groups and pre-post design), funded by the Innovation Fund. As part of the ReKo project, people in need of care and their relatives are assisted by a case management (CM) system. An independent CM, supported by an IT network that includes the most important service providers, is to establish a comprehensive CM for people in need of care. Based on a literature review, this paper aimed to take a conceptual approach to the ReKo project by drawing on previous research and comparing the findings with the ReKo approach. The review considered CM projects that defined avoidance of hospitalization and/or delay in the transition of care recipients to long-term inpatient care as endpoints. Using PubMed and Google Scholar, the study screened 270 articles, abstracted and quality-assessed data, and included eight randomized clinical trials, two other studies, and seven reviews in the analysis. The review results and ReKo approaches are presented along the dimensions of clinical and medical benefits, community and public health benefits, economic benefits, and political and legislative benefits. CM organizations will continue to be established internationally in aging societies. The questions of improving quality of care, avoiding service costs, and the costs of establishing a CM must be raised, even if clear evidence is difficult to provide.
A seven-question based critical thinking framework for cultivating innovation talents in engineering research and its implementation perspectives
Authors: Li Yingguang , Liu Changqing , Xu Ke , Hao Xiaozhong , Sui Shaochun
Published: February 2022

The ability of research innovation is particularly important in the era of rapidly changing environment, challenges, and demands, where new knowledge, technologies, and unseen problems are emerging at an unprecedented speed. Engineering college students, especially postgraduate research students are well-trained with domain knowledge and technical skills to solve commonly known problems. However, the lack of a systematic critical thinking framework on research innovation prevents them from generating creative ideas, dealing with changes and new problems, and making step forward and groundbreaking innovations during their research program. This paper presents a seven-question based critical thinking framework, named “IDEA” catechism, which was proposed and implemented as a research training methodology in a research group at a Chinese higher education institution. Through the questions and answers (Q&A) process in the framework, engineering students can be better trained to deeply understand and critically scrutinize their research ideas and methods, and are eventually able to independently develop their own innovative ideas, especially leading them to do original study. The research group has been practicing this framework for several years and succeeded in developing a large number of distinctive innovation with national and international recognition, which were also collected as research cases.
Complex stiffness model of an air spring with auxiliary chamber considering inertial effects of gas in connecting pipeline
Authors: Yin Zhihong , Jiang Jian , Shangguan Wen-Bin
Published: February 2022

In this paper, an analytical complex stiffness model of an air spring system with auxiliary chamber is established considering inertial effects of gas in connecting pipeline. The established model can reflect the resonance phenomenon of the dynamic stiffness curve due to the gas inertia in connecting pipeline as well as the amplitude dependent characteristic of the dynamic stiffness. To obtain the key parameters of the model, a finite element model of the air spring system and a CFD model of the pipeline are developed respectively, then relative simulation analyses are operated. The complex stiffness of air spring system is calculated and investigated with the proposed model. The calculation results are compared with that of the experiments and the existing complex stiffness model. It shows that the calculation results of the proposed model agree well with the experimental results. The proposed model is especially suitable for air spring systems with large pipeline gas inertia and low pipeline damping. Moreover, it is deduced that when the inertial effect of gas in the pipeline decreases and the damping of the pipeline increases, the proposed model in this paper can be transformed into the existing model. Thus, this new complex stiffness model has a wide application range.
Vehicle steering control method based on machine learning
Authors: Wang Xudong , Wu Jing
Published: February 2022

The environmental perception and control are the core issues of driverless vehicles. Considering the weak signal of global positioning system (GPS) and the difficulty of road information acceptance in rural area, the DIPLECS autonomous driving datasets is selected. The roads in dataset are classified by support vector machine algorithm (SVM), and established into the road template library. Then, on different roads, images and steering direction are used as the input and labels of the training set for back propagation neural network (BPNN) model. Finally, the effect of the model is verified on the video clip. The results show that the accuracy of road classification reaches 99.8% through SVM, the shortest time consumption of a single frame is 0.9 ms. The highest accuracy of steering prediction is 94.5%, and it only takes 0.224 ms to detect a frame. The algorithm meets the requirements of accuracy and real-time, and it can effectively assist and warn the drivers or automatic driving systems.
Performance and emission behaviors of a CI engine fueled by waste feedstocks at varying compression ratios
Authors: Polat Fikret
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this study is to observe the effects of compression ratio (CR) variation on the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled by waste fusel oil (F), waste cooking oil biodiesel (BD), and waste tire pyrolysis oil (P). For this purpose, Diesel RK software was used and the analyzes were performed at varying CRs of 18.3, 20.3, and 22.3. Analyzes were carried out at 2400 rpm constant engine speed, and varying engine loads (3, 6, 9, and 12 Nm). In the results, it is noticed that as the CR increased, BSFC (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) value also increased for all test fuels. However, at low loads (3 and 6 Nm), the BSFC value decreased as the compression ratio increased after CR20.3. While the maximum BSFC value was obtained to be 560.55 g/kWh for P20 fuel at 3 Nm for CR20.3, the minimum one was achieved to be 46.76 g/kWh for neat diesel fuel at 12 Nm for 18.3. As the CR increased, the BTE (Brake thermal efficiency) value decreased for all test fuels at nearly all loads. However, at low loads (3 and 6 Nm), it is observed that the BTE improved as the CR increased after CR20.3. While maximum BTE was calculated to be 32.07% for P10F10 fuel at CR18.3 compression ratio at 12 Nm load, minimum one was achieved to be 15.36% for P20 at 3 Nm load for CR20.3. In addition, the NOx increased at all loads as CR increased for all test fuels. The maximum NOx value for P20 was recorded to be 1300 ppm at 12 Nm load and CR22.3. A minimum NOx was detected as 144. 56 ppm for P10F10 at 3 Nm, and CR18.3. In conclusion, the paper has proved that the experimental results are well-fitting with those of simulation software.
Analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the cage of high-speed angular contact bearings under preloaded load
Authors: Zeng Guang , Liu Bingyang , Bian Qiang , Zhao Chunjiang , Wen Zhenhua , Zhang Xiangyun , Chen Ming , Zhang Jinfeng
Published: February 2022

First, the law of motion of the bearing cage, inner ring, and ball are theoretically analyzed. Combining the nonlinear contact and deformation relationship between the various elements of the bearing, an explicit dynamic model of the high-speed angular contact bearing is established. Second, the stability and motion characteristics of the cage are analyzed from four aspects: the three-dimensional center of mass motion track of the cage with time, the deviation ratio of the center of mass vortex velocity, the angular velocity, and the linear velocity. The dynamic characteristics of the cage during the start-up phase of unsteady operation have been emphatically studied. The research results show that during the start-up phase, the greater the preload, the later the circle of the center of mass motion track of the cage expands outward, and the better the stability. The higher the rotation speed, the earlier the vortex trajectory circle of the center of mass of the cage expands outward, and the motion stability first strengthens and then weakens. Finally, the simulated value of the linear velocity of each bearing element changes with time are compared with the theoretical value, the correctness of the established explicit dynamic model was verified.
Human rights and nutritional care in nurse education: lessons learned
Authors: Dogan Elisabeth Irene Karlsen , Terragni Laura , Raustøl Anne
Published: February 2022

Background: Food is an important part of nursing care and recognized as a basic need and a human right. Nutritional care for older adults in institutions represents a particularly important area to address in nursing education and practice, as the right to food can be at risk and health personnel experience ethical challenges related to food and nutrition. Objective: The present study investigates the development of coursework on nutritional care with a human rights perspective in a nursing programme for first-year nursing students and draws upon reflections and lessons learned. Research design: The study utilized educational design research. The coursework, developed through two rounds, combined on-campus learning and clinical placement in nursing homes. Nursing studentsʼ perspectives and experiences gathered through focus groups and a written assignment informed the development and evaluation of the coursework. Participants and research context: In the first round, multistage focus group interviews were conducted with 18 nursing students before, during and after placement. In the second round, four focus group interviews with 26 nursing students were conducted shortly after placement. Ethical consideration: The study was approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data. Findings: Three main ʽlessons learnedʼ emerged regarding introducing a human rights perspective in nursing education: 1) the contribution of the human rights perspective in changing the narrative of ʽvulnerable and malnourished patientsʼ, 2) the importance of relationships and experiences for learning about human rights and 3) the benefit of combining development of ethical competence with a human rights perspective. Conclusion: A human rights perspective enabled the students to give meaning to nutritional care beyond understanding of food as a basic physical need. Incorporating human rights in nursing education can support nursing students and nurses in recognizing and addressing ethical and structural challenges and being able to fulfil the right to food for patients.
Problems Faced by Indian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
Authors: Maheshkar Chandan , Soni Neha
Published: February 2022

MSMEs are of particular significance to the Indian economy. This labour-intensive sector helps to maintain the socio-economic equilibrium. If the regulatory framework facilitates, they can reduce economic disparities at the regional level by employment generation, promoting economic independence, and helping in the sustainable development of the society. Despite a significant contribution to nation-building, MSMEs are not getting the necessary support from government agencies and financial institutions. Inadequate financing, deficient social infrastructure, managerial skills, and sudden shocks caused by economic and tax reforms are the issues that majorly affect the performance of small enterprises at different levels of their operations. Thus, this study has transacted to highlight the problems MSMEs facing in India. Through the quantitative approach, six different families of problems—namely marketing, finance, technology, raw material, labour, and management—have been identified. Each of the problem areas was categorised into internal and external issues. A detailed discussion has been made considering the impact of demonetisation, GST, and skill development programs on MSMEs. Subsequently, some suggestions have been made for improving the performance of MSMEs.
Patient Goals for Living with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Cozad Melanie J. , Lindley Lisa C. , Crosby Kaitlyn , Alshareef Noor , Kennedy Ann Blair , Merchant Gulzar , Evans Pam , Horner Ronnie D.
Published: February 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis is highly individualized in terms of its flare ups and periods of remission. Each patient’s unique experience requires a high level of personalization in terms of treatment making it necessary to understand what their goals for living are. This study explores patient perceptions on how the burden of RA shapes patients’ goals for living and their preferences for symptom and side-effect management within the United States. Fifteen patients diagnosed with RA with varying lengths of diagnosis were interviewed. A thematic analysis was conducted to construct a conceptual framework. Emerging themes identified disease burdens as: (1) inability to perform essential needs, (2) negative feelings about disease, and (3) its influence on relationships. These burdens shaped desired goals for living which guided the symptom and side-effect priorities the patient wanted managed. Practitioners should consider patient goals and preferences in conjunction with disease progression when engaging in treatment decisions.
The association between patient satisfaction with information and adherence to oral anticancer agents
Authors: Melis Eward J , Zwart-van Rijkom Jeannette EF , Egberts Toine CG , van den Bemt Bart JF , Witteveen Petronella O , Gardarsdottir Helga
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Adherence to anticancer agents is a critical factor in achieving adequate clinical response, and became a major challenge for patients and caregivers since the increased substitution of parenteral cytostatic by oral drugs. One of the factors that influences adherence is how well informed patients are about their therapy. This study assesses the association between patient satisfaction with information about oral anticancer agents and adherence.

Materials and Methods

This study was conducted among patients (≥18 years) who began oral anticancer therapy. Patients satisfaction with information and adherence were assessed using validated questionnaires. Adherence was also assessed using refill data. Logistic regression was applied to assess the association between overall patient satisfaction with information and both self-reported adherence and adherence based on an MPR value of above 80%.

Results

In total, 124 patients were included in the study. The median (IQR) satisfaction with information was 15.0(4) on a scale of 0–17. Eighty-two percent of participants reported adherence, while the refill data demonstrated that 64.5% of patients had an adherence rate of 80% or higher. Overall satisfaction with information was not significantly associated with self-reported adherence (OR adj 0.98 [95% CI 0.85–1.15]) or refill-based adherence (OR adj 1.11 [95% CI 0.99–1.24]).

Conclusion

The findings indicate no significant relationship between patient satisfaction with information and adherence. The population was highly satisfied with information about the oral anticancer agents, which indicates a high level of satisfaction with usual care. However, the refill data reveals that 35.5% of patients were not adherent.
Bilateral optic disc edema as a possible complication of cabozantinib use–a case report
Authors: Huang Yu-Te , Lin Chun-Ju , Tsai Yi-Yu , Hsia Ning-Yi
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Cabozantinib, which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012, is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor widely used in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma. To date, no ocular adverse events have been reported by the FDA or on the package label. Here, we described a patient with metastatic RCC who developed bilateral optic disc edema after a 4-month course of cabozantinib.

Case description

A 55-year-old ethnic Chinese male with RCC with multiple metastases presented to our department with progressive blurred vision in both eyes for 1 month. He started taking cabozantinib 60 mg once daily 5 months prior to this presentation. Poor visual acuity and bilateral disc edema were then noted. Cabozantinib was discontinued after that, and 3-day pulse steroid therapy with methylprednisolone 1 g/day was given. The optic disc edema subsided gradually with limited improvement in visual acuity.

Conclusion

Bilateral optic edema should be considered as a complication associated with cabozantinib. We propose discontinuation of the treatment in cases such as that, and pulse steroid therapy should be considered if there is no contraindication.