bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
​Antioxidant Responses of Ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] Seedling under Iso-osmotic Potential of Salinity and Drought Stress
Authors: Atta Kousik , Sen Jahnavi , Chettri Pravachan , Pal Anjan Kumar
Published: August 2021

Background: Salinity and drought are the major abiotic stresses and both can cause osmotic imbalances. Drought stress directly results in osmotic stress whereas salinity problem firstly disrupts the water balance and eventually induces ion toxicity which results in cyto-toxicity, metabolic impairment, nutrient imbalance and finally poor crop growth and yield. The co-ordinated up-regulation or constitutive expression of antioxidative system in plants is the main defense in plant against these stresses and thus the present experiment was undertaken to study the antioxidant responses under drought and salinity stress at seedling stage in ricebean (Bidhan 1). Methods: For studying the effect of iso-osmotic potential of salinity and drought stress solutions of NaCl and PEG 6000 with -0.2 MPa (50mM NaCl and 10% PEG), -0.4 MPa (100 mM NaCl and 12% PEG) and -0.8 MPa (200mM NaCl and 18% PEG) osmotic potential were used. The experiment was done in the laboratory of Department Plant Physiology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur, Nadia and West Bengal in the year 2017-18 and 2018-19. Result: Under moderate to high intensity of osmotic stresses the leaf proline content decreased. The mild and medium stress treatments induced much higher activity of GPOX and APX in the leaf which then decreased somewhat as the intensity of stress increased. The experiment showed that drought stress was found to produce more drastic effects on seedling growth in ricebean as compared to the salinity stress at iso-osmotic potentials.
Feature Article—Continuing Education Module—International Water-Birth Practices With Recommendations During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Harper Barbara
Published: August 2021

The number of hospitals globally that offer water birth has increased exponentially during the past 10 years. This article examines some of the reasons for this increase as well as the objections to water birth by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, raised in their 2014 and 2016 opinion statements. The amount of research has also increased as more hospitals are keeping track of their data and publishing both prospective studies and retrospective analyses. The effects of water birth on the neonate are discussed through three meta-analyses from 2015, 2016, and 2018. The challenges and recommendations on continuing the use of water during labor and birth as a nonpharmacologic comfort measure even during a global pandemic are highlighted and supported by the best available evidence.
Identification of The Geothermal Heat at Mount Iyang-Argopuro Based on a Data Image of Landsat 8 Satellite and a Data Gravity of GGMPlus Satellite
Authors: Bahtiar Ega Abi , Suprianto Agus , Supriyadi S.
Published: August 2021

In Indonesia is the Iyang-Argopuro Volcano Complex. The Research uses remote sensing methods and gravity methods conducted to study thermal anomalies and subsurface structures using Data images of Landsat 8 satellite and a data gravity of GGMPlus satellite. Moreover, the study aims to estimate the number of hoisting manifestations of the earth's heat at the compound of the Iyang-Argopuro volcano. Landsat 8 satellite image data is a spectral band (band 1-9) and a thermal band (band 10 and 11). The data was done in radiometric corrections, radiance correction, and reflex corrections, and was thus obtained a value of ground surface temperature (LST). The data was done in radiometric corrections, radiance correction, and reflectance corrections, to get an LST value. Processing data gravity of GGMPlus satellites with a bouguer correction, terrain corrections up to get a Complete Bouguer Anomaly (ABL) value. Furthermore, the ABL value consisting of regional and local anomalies is separated using an upward continuation filter to obtain local anomaly values. The results obtained from this study are five points of geothermal manifestation locations in the Iyang-Argopuro Volcano Complex which are located in the northern, central, southern and eastern parts. Manifestations in the northern, central, and northeastern parts have ground surface temperatures of 24-31 ̊C. While manifestations in the central and eastern parts have a surface temperature of land 21-31 ̊C. The high ground temperature values at the five locations were associated with low gravity values ranging from -20 mGal to -10 mGal. The low gravity value is assumed to have a rock structure with a low-density value. Low-density rock structures have the possibility of an outflow zone causing the soil surface temperature to be relatively high.
Psychological Capital Impacts on Safety Behavior of Contractor Workers using the SEM Method
Authors: Aula Heppy Ridhatul , Kurniasih Dewi , Rachman Farizi
Published: August 2021

Introduction: A steam power plant company is an electric energy production company, utilizing main energy sources such as coal, biomass, and other energies that are related to production process. This company is a big industry that operates 24 hours and have many various steps of production process. It is also supported by a variety of high-risk system equipment such as confined spaces, working at height, hot work, ergonomics, mechanics, and others. This type of work can lead to workers’ unsafe conditions and unsafe acts. One of the causes is the psychological aspects of workers, namely the lack of workers’ awareness and understanding in implementing occupational safety aspects. Workers’ psychology in this study is Psychological Capital (PsyCap) with self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience dimensions. This study aims to analyze PsyCap impacts on safety behavior of contractor workers. Methods: this study was an observational analytic research using cross-sectional approach. The population was all workers in a steam power plant company in units 7&8, totalling 400 contractors. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 101 respondents of contractor workers. The questionnaires consisted of items about self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience dimension of PsyCap and safety compliance and safety participation dimension of safety behavior. The analysis used a Structural Equational Modeling (SEM) method and AMOS software. Results: PsyCap dimensions that impacted on safety behavior was optimism. Conclusion: optimism dimension was the factor that had the strongest impact on safety behavior especially workers’ safety compliance. Meanwhile, other PsyCap dimensions which did not have not impact on safety behavior were safety compliance and safety participation dimensions.Keywords: contractor worker, psychological capital, safety behavior, steam power plant company, structural equational modelling
Relation between Activator Factors and Compliance Behavior of Using Personal Protective Equipment on Technician Workers at PT ARPS Surabaya
Authors: Mu'afiah Mu'afiah , Munir M. Misbakhul , Paskarini Indriati
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Equipment that must be used by workers for work safety when working with potential work hazards or accidents is personal protective equipment (PPE). The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the use of PPE in the workforce of technicians at PT. APRS in terms of PPE usage. Methods: This research was an analytic observational study, with cross sectional design. The subjects of this study were all of the technician workforce in the section of Blow molding, Maintenance and Injection Molding unit, totalling 39 respondents. Results: This study showed that activator factors such as perception (r = 0.108), knowledge of occupational health and safety (r = -0.104), and PPE regulation (r = -0.166) had a weak relationship with safety behavior on compliance with PPE implementation. Conclusions: The workforce behaved poorly in using PPE in the workplace. In the Blow Molding, Maintenance and Injection Molding unit, workers who had a moderate level of perceptions, workers who had a moderate level of knowledge, and workers who had a enough ability to comply with PPE regulations.Keywords: knowledge, perception, personal protective equipment, policy
An Overview: The Effects of Particulate Matters, an Important Atmospheric Pollutant, on the Spread of Covid19
Authors: Korkmaz Şahin , Ceylan Zeynep
Published: August 2021

Introduction: This review deals with research and scientific perspectives about whether there is any effect linked to particle size and structure of one of the significant atmospheric pollutants of particulate matter (pm) on the duration of residence in air and transport of the virus causing Covid19, originating in China and becoming a global pandemic in 2020, and hence whether pm may change the level of effectiveness of the virus in humans. Discussion: The virus causing Covid19 may bind (adsorption) to the surface of particles classified as fine particles and use these particles as transporters. These may easily pass into the throat and lungs of people via inhalation and cause deadly disease, as revealed by the results of scientific research. Fine particles may display variability in terms of chemical properties, emission density, degradation duration, and long- and short-distance transport properties, in addition to precipitation or suspension mechanisms. Conclusion: In this study, a review was prepared by investigating research performed since 2020 about the correlations between the virus causing Covid19, continuing to have deadly effects worldwide, with pm density and particle diameter to provide a guide for future studies.
Correlation of Ambient Temperature with Increasing of Covid19 Cases in a Tropical City
Authors: Sari Putri Nilam , Alfian Azyyati Ridha , Firdani Fea
Published: August 2021

Introduction: On March 26, 2020, the government confirmed the first positive case of Covid19 in Padang City. This condition continues increasing, although several policies were created in preventing the spread of Covid19 . The geographical location of Padang City, which is close to the equator, causes the ambient temperature to be very optimum. It needs to be examined from the ambient temperature indicator, which is considered correlated with the spread of the coronavirus. Methods: This study used an ecological design. Spearman rank correlation test was carried out between daily temperature and daily cases due to Covid19 in one year to determine their correlation and test for time lag 0, 7, 14, and 21 according to coronavirus incubation. The cases of Covid19 data were obtained from the Padang City Health Office daily report, and the ambient temperature data were obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency, Teluk Bayur Maritime Meteorology Station, Padang City. Results and Discussion: This study proves a significant negative correlation between minimum temperature (20.7°C - 26.5°C) with daily cases in all-time lags and average temperature (24.4°C - 29.3°C) with a daily case in time lag 7, 14, and 21. This range becomes a suitable temperature to reduce the transmission of Covid19 in Padang city. Conclusion: The optimum ambient temperature in the equatorial region is a factor in slowing the incubation of the coronavirus. Nevertheless, strict implementation of health protocols and efforts to trace contacts with positive Covid19 patients are still needed to prevent coronavirus transmission between humans.
On the Effects of Non-Gaussian Wave-Slope Distribution on the Failure Probability of an Armour block of Rubble Mound Breakwater
Authors: Cho Yong Jun
Published: August 2021

This study examined the effect of non-Gaussian wave slope distribution on the failure probability of an armoring rock of rubble mound breakwater using numerical simulation. Numerical simulation was carried out using the Van der Meer equation and Level III reliability design method based on the Monte Carlo simulation. In doing so, modified Glukhovskiy wave height distribution and situ wave height data collected at Ulleungdo from January 1, 1979-December 31, 2019 were used. Tri-modal Gaissuian wave slope distribution was also used, which showed good agreements with situ wave data collected at Mangbang from April 26, 2017, to April 20, 2018. The probability coefficients of tri-modal Gaussian distribution were estimated using Matlab-based statistics and machine learning toolbox, MLE [Maximum Likelihood Estimates]. In the numerical simulation, the intrinsic limitations of Gaussian distribution were revealed, such as imposing a non-negligible probability mass even in the negative wave slope, under-shooting in longer and shorter waves, and over-shooting in mid-scale waves. In the case of failure probability of an armoring rock, Gaussian distribution was shown to give underestimated failure probability. The extent of underestimation was more considerable at Mangbang, where a tidal terrace of lower depth and gently varying slope was developed than at Ulleungdo. These differences were triggered by the presence of probability plateau formed in wave slope distribution whenever infra-gravity waves appear in random wave packet due to the resonant wave-wave interaction. Therefore, it can be easily conceivable that probability plateau has a significant effect on the armoring rock failure probability. Therefore, PIANC's recommendation that wave slope follows Gaussian distribution needs to be amended. Moreover, the reliability-based design of breakwater should be implemented based on tri-modal Gaussian wave slope distribution, which can accurately reproduce probability plateau.
DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL BUSINESS COMPETENCE VIA TEAM LEARNING IN POST-PANDEMIC ERA
Authors: Andrienko Tetiana , Genin Vlad , Kozubska Iryna
Published: August 2021

To become successfully competitive in the globalised post-COVID 19 virtual business world, the engineering students, besides learning the English language for Specific Purposes as stipulated by the existing Syllabi, require purposed efforts for the formation of intercultural business communication competencies. This research, conducted successively in the USA and Ukraine combining observational and experimental methodology, aimed at studying the influence of team learning on the development of intercultural business competencies and skills highly desired and valued by employers, such as team building and teamwork, critical thinking, decision making, conflict prevention, and resolution, etc. The results were processed by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Spanning in time from 2013 to 2020, the study proved the effectiveness of project work in learning teams for the development of intercultural competence and business communication skills. Team learning in virtual teams based on andragogical principles and methodology adapted by the authors to the needs of Ukrainian engineering students resulted in developing team building, teamwork, leadership, goal setting, planning, decision making, time management, creative and critical thinking, problem solving, conflict prevention and resolution, interpersonal and group communication and collaboration skills and competences, necessary for successful integration into the global workforce marketplace. Besides significant enhancement of intercultural business communication competencies, team learning resulted in raising Ukrainian undergraduate engineering students’ motivation towards learning ESP, engagement in group and classwork, persistence towards successful graduation and gainful employment, and overall positive learning experiences.
PROSPECTIVE PHILOLOGISTS’ TRANSLATION ASSESSMENT TRIANGULATION: SCREEN VIDEO RECORDING AND THINK ALOUD PROTOCOL COMBINATION
Authors: Nikolaeva Sofiya , Korol Tetiana
Published: August 2021

Purpose. The article strives for the enhancement of the efficiency of translation competence assessment in philologists’ university training with the help of the triangulation method. It is deemed in the concurrent involvement of different assessment agents (teacher, peer and self) into integrated and collaborative translation performance evaluation from two perspectives, i.e. translation product quality and process workflow, with the use of diversified methods based on different theoretical approaches. This research aims at the study of students’ video screen recording contribution combined with think-aloud protocols (TAPs) to increase the assessment objectivity and reliability of the received translation product. Method. A mixed research design was developed and implemented. It involved 40 third-year university students majoring in Philology, who were asked to perform a written translation of the excerpt of English popular science article in Marketing (c. 250 words) into Ukrainian in MS Word using any reference sources at hand, video record the process of their translation and accompany it with their comments. The research was completed with the questionnaire on students’ attitude to the screen recording and TAP involvement into translation task performance and assessment. Findings. The findings of this study reported on the positive impact of screen recording on the assessment accuracy, informative value of the collected data and formative effect of triangulated assessment method on students’ translation competence acquisition. Implications for research and practice. The received results can serve for the optimisation of the procedures of translation task difficulty measurement and competence assessment in the translation classroom.
DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ LINGUOCULTURAL COMPETENCE UNDER CONDITIONS OF CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC: UKRAINIAN DIMENSION
Authors: Bogush Alla , Korolova Tetiana , Popova Oleksandra
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study is to analyse the educational means facilitating the development of the linguocultural competence within the academic environment in Ukraine under conditions of the coronavirus pandemic. About 60 senior students and 15 university instructors giving classes in English and Chinese participated in the research. The research methodology is based on analytical and practical analyses of the normative documents facilitating the correlation of foreign language education standards in Ukraine, Europe and China; interviewing; observation (within the experimental study/training). The results show that all students and instructors admitted the importance of culture-related issues in the process of teaching and learning languages; 99% of the teaching staff and 75% of the students chose a more detailed content of culture-related issues to be taught/learnt; 80% of instructors and 78% of the students highlighted the importance of organising culture-related events. The research results show that it is crucial to accomplish a balanced integration of language and culture in the teaching process. Teachers should clearly understand what cultural information is significant and how to make efficient use of it by applying digital resources. The key issues teachers should pay attention to are the evaluation of cultural information, its accessibility and the most efficient ways to present it to students.
HOW INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN CHINESE MEDICAL SCHOOLS PERCEIVE DISTANT LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: AlGerafi Mohammed , Zhang Wenlan
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the perception of international medical students of e-learning in China, since medical teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic had to adapt to challenges, and students had to cope with the new teaching modality, more so international students. Therefore, the opinion of students with their first contact to a fully virtual education will be helpful to modify e-teaching to better suit the students’ needs. Method: Four hundred seven medical students, in China, were recruited via social media and were asked to complete structured questionnaires, regarding technical and content aspects of their e-courses.  Findings: Most issues reported were of technical nature, especially for students attending the school distantly and network instability/unavailability was frequently (52.48%). Moreover, the audio was less helpful than texts/images and the senior students were less satisfied with the technical (0.005) and content (p=0.001) aspects. They also were more critical of their teachers’ performance (p=0.042). Clinical cases and scenarios also received the lowest score. Implications for research and practice: Overall students did not feel confident with the e-learning, comfortable implementing it to patients and were reluctant to embrace it. Both  technical difficulties and understanding issues impeded international students from embracing e-learning medical teaching, in China and efforts need to be made to acclimatise them to this new reality.
TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CASE OF IGOR SIKORSKY KYIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
Authors: Melnychenko Anatolii , Zheliaskova Tetiana
Published: August 2021

The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has led to the global COVID-19 pandemic and a lockdown was introduced in Ukraine in March 2020. This forced universities to urgently transform the traditional system of organisation of the educational process and transfer to distance learning. This study aims to evaluate the distance learning system organised by a technical university in COVID-19 lockdowns from the perspective of the students as the main stakeholders of education. The method of the survey as the most widely used research method of sociological research was used to collect and analyse the data obtained. In this context, a number of surveys involving from 2,721 to 9,000 students of technical and humanitarian specialities were conducted to evaluate the level of their satisfaction with the distance learning system. The results of the study showed that the transformations introduced in the organisation and realisation of the learning process were on the whole positively estimated by students, which means that the elements of distance learning should remain after the end of the lockdown restrictions. However, more research is needed to evaluate the diagnostic tools for preventing academic dishonesty.
Global Stability of Delayed Ecosystem via Impulsive Differential Inequality and Minimax Principle
Authors: Rao Ruofeng
Published: August 2021

This paper reports applying Minimax principle and impulsive differential inequality to derive the existence of multiple stationary solutions and the global stability of a positive stationary solution for a delayed feedback Gilpin-Ayala competition model with impulsive disturbance. The conclusion obtained in this paper reduces the conservatism of the algorithm compared with the known literature, for the impulsive disturbance is not limited to impulsive control.
Methylcellulose-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites for Optomechanically Tunable Hydrogels and Fibers
Authors: Hynninen Ville , Patrakka Jani , Nonappa Nonappa
Published: August 2021

Chemical modification of cellulose offers routes for structurally and functionally diverse biopolymer derivatives for numerous industrial applications. Among cellulose derivatives, cellulose ethers have found extensive use, such as emulsifiers, in food industries and biotechnology. Methylcellulose, one of the simplest cellulose derivatives, has been utilized for biomedical, construction materials and cell culture applications. Its improved water solubility, thermoresponsive gelation, and the ability to act as a matrix for various dopants also offer routes for cellulose-based functional materials. There has been a renewed interest in understanding the structural, mechanical, and optical properties of methylcellulose and its composites. This review focuses on the recent development in optically and mechanically tunable hydrogels derived from methylcellulose and methylcellulose-cellulose nanocrystal composites. We further discuss the application of the gels for preparing highly ductile and strong fibers. Finally, the emerging application of methylcellulose-based fibers as optical fibers and their application potentials are discussed.
Plant-Derived Saponins: A Review of Their Surfactant Properties and Applications
Authors: Rai Summi , Acharya Eliza , Kafle Ananda , Devkota Hari Prasad , Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: August 2021

Increasing environmental concern and consumer demand for natural, sustainable and eco-friendly products have prompted the replacement of synthetic surfactants with their natural plant-based alternatives. Saponins are the plant based natural surfactants characterized by their foam forming properties in aqueous solution. Their natural origin makes them eco-friendly, bio-degradable and non-toxic. Further, they possess better physicochemical properties than the syn-thetic ones. They are also reported to exhibit a lot of useful biological activities such as anti-cancer, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering properties. Because of their excellent surface activity, biological activities and wide distribution in nature, saponin rich plants deserve deeper insight as a sustainable source of natural surfactants as they possess the potential to replace toxic synthetic surfactants abundant today. This review article is intended to provide a brief overview on the saponins with a special notion on their surface-active properties. It encourages further studies on development of commercial formulations based on saponins for the complete replacement of the synthetic counter parts, making better use of plants sources thereby contributing to global agenda of green environment.
VIRAC Maser Data Processing Suite
Authors: Šteinbergs Jānis , Aberfelds Artis , Bleiders Marcis , Shmeld Ivar
Published: August 2021

Modern scientific research particularly radio astronomi- cal spectroscopic observations cannot be imagined without appropriate software suite. That is necessary because of two reasons 1) data are in digital form and 2) data processing is a complex multi-step process. In this paper created in VIRAC data processing suite for a single radio telescope, space maser observations are presented. Software Defined Radio (SDR) backend data processing is described. Implementation of the frequency switching algorithm, acquisition of observation data and their format for storing are discussed. Multiple ways to display the observation results are highlighted.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Anak di Indonesia
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi
Published: August 2021

Anak merupakan karunia dari Tuhan yang juga diberi hak asasi ketika ia diciptakan. Oleh karena itu anak harus dilindungi agar tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik karena pada waktu tersebut anak merupakan manusia yang lemah yang sangat rawan terjadinya pelanggaran terhadap hak-hak asasinya. Terkait hal tersebut perlu diteliti perlindungan hukum terhadap hak anak dan problematika perlindungan hak anak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum doktrinal (doctrinal research) dengan cara mengumpulkan (dokumentasi) data-data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pemerintah telah banyak melakukan upaya perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak anak dengan banyaknya aturan yang telah ditetapkan. Dalam pelaksanaannya, perlindungan hukum terhadap hak anak menghadapi banyak problematika yang muncul diantaranya dari faktor hukum, penegak hukum, sarana, masyarakat dan kebudayaan.
Interaction between economy and law through the example of China: from the retrospective to the development prospect. A critical analysis and comparison with developed democracies
Authors:   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Chaplynskiy Kostyantyn , Sydorov Oleksandr ,   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Shapovalov Dmytro ,   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Antoniuk Olena ,   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs
Published: August 2021

It is generally considered that the keystone of successful economic development of the state is its effective legal system with its priority dwelling upon protection of human rights. However, is this formula operational in the case of China with its authoritarian political regime for which the fundamental law is the will of the party leader? The article investigates how the transformation of the legal system of China has been progressing over the past seventy years and how these processes correlate with the reforms in the economy. Profound cause and effect relations between mental reference points of the Chinese people and the «fragility» of the institution of law in this country have been revealed. The paper presents the results of the analysis conducted in relation to the indicators of socio-economic progress and the rule of law within the country in comparison with similar indicators of nine most successful countries in the world. It is proven that the formal law in China serves as a mere instrument for a farsighted, authoritarian and rigidly hierarchical political system which uses economic levers with the purpose of achieving ambitious goals of conquering the entire world.
Dynamics of Bitcoin trading on the Binance cryptocurrency exchange
Authors:   Turan University, Patashkova Yelena , Niyazbekova Shakizada ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Kerimkhulle Seyit ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Serikova Madina ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Troyanskaya Marija ,   Orenburg State University
Published: August 2021

Currently, there are a great number of platform-projects and frameworks based on blockchain technology. Consequently, it is necessary to define the most relevant blockchain platforms and analyze them taking into consideration a variety of features. Also, there is a need to investigate the logistics growth and the price of Bitcoin on the Binance cryptocurrency exchange. The authors have examined modern technologies used by manufacturing companies in the field of fintech in the context of the 2019-2024 period. The results show that sensors and automatic identification take the leading position both at present and in 2024. Aartificial intelligence and blockchain are also in demand by manufacturers today, however in the nearest future their ranking positions will increase sixfold from 10% to 60%. In the current paper the authors review the largest companies that effectively use blockchain technology in their businesses. The conducted survey shows that 18% of companies use blockchain technology based on Bitcoin. The authors have analysed a number of Bitcoin transactions for the period from January 2017 to February 2021 and concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a favourable effect on the indicator data. A maximum number of transactions equal to 10.15 million was carried out in July 2020. Using the method of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and statistical estimation methods the authors have revealed an underestimation of the equilibrium state of the empirical distribution of price data and the volume of daily trading of Bitcoin on the Binance cryptocurrency exchange through the channel of the right-hand confidence interval. The blockchain technology based on Bitcoin has positively reacted to the macroeconomic factors such as the COVID-19 pandemics and further growth in Bitcoin transactions is expected. With the help of economic modelling, the authors have defined the predictable volume and the price of Bitcoin on the Binance cryptocurrency exchange.
Effects of the remote auditing in Iraq during COVD-19
Authors:   Al-Mustansiriya University, Al-Taee Salowan Hafadh Hamed
Published: August 2021

This paper intends to investigate implications of COVID-19 to the Iraqi market environment’s remote external auditing strategy. The results of this paper were achieved using a desk research designed to examine the potential effect of COVID-19 crisis on three significant audit quality determinants during the pandemic. These techniques include risk management and risk assessment. A descriptive survey of 25 auditing firms and 127 auditing bureaus has been conducted. There is a consensus and acceptance to introduce remote auditing by external auditors due to the assumption that the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic will be the greatest challenge for auditors. Furthermore, under normal circumstances as well as during the pandemic phase, the remote auditing method can be introduced. External auditors can incorporate a remote auditing approach that can be customized to suit the unique needs of their clients.
Development of the scientific and technological forecasting methodology based on using TIPS instruments
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Golubev Sergei , Efremov Andrey ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Gorokhova Anna ,   Moscow Polytechnic University, Gayduk Vladimir ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Kravets Ekaterina ,   Leonov Moscow Region University of Technology
Published: August 2021

Scientific and technological forecasting for a long run is essential when determining priorities in science, engineering, and technology development. The forecasting methods used in its development and based on the Delphi approach cannot provide a complete analysis of development trends, depending on the experts’ professionalism, and allow facts of lobbying interests of various groups. In this paper, the mechanisms for improving the quality of scientific and technological forecasts by using the theory of inventive problem solving (TIPS) when forming and verifying forecasts have been offered. In this case, the forecast results are based not only on the expert’s subjective opinion but also on the objective laws of the development of the technical systems. The material has come with detailed practical examples. The integration of the TRIZ instruments in the state system for determining top priority technological areas will reduce errors in choosing the number of promising technological and technical areas that will make up the basis for the formation of new models and technologies.
Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Implementasi Program Kerajinan Bordir di Desa Karang Malang, Gebog Kabupaten Kudus
Authors: Isti Sutoyo Ria
Published: August 2021

Bordir menjadi bagian yang di minati masyarakat sebagai bagian dari pemberdayaan masyarakat dewasa ini, khususnya dalam lingkup pemberdayaan perempuan. Sehingga, berbagai sektor ekonomi UMKM masyarakat sebagian besar menggunakan kerajinan ini sebagai media pendongkrak ekonomi masyarakat.  meskipun menjanjikan prospek yang cukup mumpuni guna meningkatkan sector ekonomi masyarakat, akan tetapi implementasi kerajinan ini sebagai bagian dari penggerak ekonomi masyarakat cenderung masih belum sepenuhnya mampu memberdayakan masyarakat. maka, tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni mengetahui deskripsi yang lebih eksploratif tentang implementasi dari kerajinan border untuk pemberdayaan perempuan, khususnya di desa Karang Malang Kudus. Untuk mengetahui gambaran tersebut, maka penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi non partisipasi aktif sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Sehingga, didapatkan hasil bahwa melalui implementasi program kerajinan bdordir yang dilakukan di desa karangmalang ini, mampu memberikan peningkatan dalam sector pengembangan ekonomi keuarga, meskipun belum maksimal dalam pengembangannya, khususnya terkait dengan pemberdayaan perempuan. Akan tetapi dalam kegiatannya, program yang dilakukan bisa memberikan dampak yang nyata sebagai bagian dari pemberdayaan perempuan, khususnya ibu rumah tangga.
Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan (Pkh) Dalam Menanggulangi Kemiskinan Di Kecamatan Dukuhseti Kabupaten Pati
Authors: Ihsan Zakariya Rizqi Khoirul
Published: August 2021

The Implementation of Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) in Eradicate Poverty In Kecamatan Dukuhseti Kabupaten Pati. This research was conducted on the basis of the presence of poverty in Indonesia, especially in Pati province of Central Java. In on effort to overcome poverty, the government haz a wide range of intergrated poverty reduction programs. One of the programs is PKH in eradicate poverty. The research method uses descriptive qualitative research approach. The results showed implementation PKH implementation PKH in subdistrict Dukuhseti not succeeded. Not all of the contents of the policy in the PKH implemented well. The purpose of PKH is also yet to get maximum results. The persistence of the poverty, poor nutrition, mother died giving birth, and low public support to increased welfare. Suggestions that can be implemented namely evaluate the policies and giving awards to individuals.
Evgenij Anan’in and the problem of the Italian Renaissance
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kusenko Olga I.
Published: August 2021

A reevaluation of the dogmas and canons rooted in the Renaissance historiography was а сommon trend in the studies in this field in the first half of the 20th century. At that time, there appeared many original concepts that corrected or completely refuted the previous ones. The present article is devoted to the participation of the Russian historian Evgenij Anan’in, who lived and worked in Italy, in the debates around the notion of the Italian Re­naissance and to his attempts to contribute to the elimination of various cliché from the field of Renaissance studies (primarily to abolish the postulated opposition of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and the idea of the Renaissance as the revival of antiquity). A signifi­cant part of Anan’in’s publications in Italian scientific journals consists of polemic articles and reviews that reveal a panorama of Renaissance concepts in Europe in 1920–1930s. The Russian researcher was strongly opposed to foreign historians who denied the originality of the Italian Renaissance. He was also against all kinds of attempts to use the concept of the Renaissance ad usum proprium (national, ideological, etc). The article focuses on the con­cepts of the Renaissance and their authors (Burkhard, Burdach, Papini, Walser, Zabughin, Neumann, Nordström), which Anan’in analized (or, conversely, сlearly ignored) in his texts as well as on his own views that are hidden inside his critical remarks. The publication also deals with a campaign that began in Italy in the mid-1930s against a foreign “occupation” of the Renaissance field (according to that campaign, the primacy in the Renaissance stud­ies belonged to Italians). Finally, the paper explores the case of an open confrontation be­tween Anan’in and Giovanni Papini, who became the head of the National Institute of the Renaissance studies established in Florence in 1937.
Argumentation schemes as a way of arguments studies
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Bobrova Angelina S.
Published: August 2021

The paper investigates argument (argumentation) schemes that are used in the theory of argumentation for analyzing everyday reasoning. Such schemes should be understood as structures representing the most general types of argument. Today they are studied not only from theoretical perspectives but also in relation to their application in education and information technologies. Argumentation schemes allow us to identify, produce and evaluate real arguments, as well as critically assess discussions. Despite their popularity, argumentation schemes face some problems. The current presentation introduces the concept of schemes, describes their possible classifications, analyzes strengths and limitations in various approaches. However, the main focus of the paper is on the direction in which the conception of an argument scheme is being developed. I argue that the new stage of its development can be correlated with the birth of a dynamic style of argument in­vestigation that is opposed to a static version. A similar dichotomy can be observed in logic that stands for two types of formality: as pertaining to forms and as pertaining to rules.
Eastern theocracy in Northern Eurasia: “The Ways of Russia” in the historiosophy of I. I. Bunakov-Fondaminsky
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kara-Murza Alexei A.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the question of the evolution of the philosophical and historical views of the Russian intellectual and politician Ilya Isidorovich Fondaminsky (1880–1942; literary and political pseudonym “Bunakov”). A native of a Jewish merchant family who studied phi­losophy in Berlin and Heidelberg and an active socialist-revolutionary, I.I. Bunakov-Fon­daminsky became one of the key figures of the Russian emigration. During the German oc­cupation of France, he received Orthodox baptism and ended his life in a Nazi concentration camp (in 2004, he was canonized by the Patri­archate of Constantinople). The author fo­cuses on the historiosophical concept of “Ways of Russia”, set forth by I.I. Bunakov-Fon­daminsky in the articles of the 1920s and 1940s in the Parisian emigrant magazines “Modern Notes” and “Novy Grad”. According to Bunakov-Fondaminsky, historical Russia is “The East in the North”, and its fate is the history of the “eastern theocracy in the north of Eura­sia”, for several centuries “irradiated” by the western waves.
“A turn to ontology” in neo-kantianism (P. Natorp and E. Lask)
Authors:   Academia Kantiana, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kornilaev Leonid Yu.
Published: August 2021

In the late 1910s and early 1920s, the intellectual situation within neo-Kantianism began to change: there were philosophical projects attempting to overcome the total domination of epistemology in Neo-Kantian doctrines and making place for ontology. Ontological tendencies are typical mainly for P. Natorps’s projects of general logic and E. Lask’s logic of philosophy. I analyze the continuity of Natorp’s early epistemological ideas, developed in the spirit of the Marburg interpretation of Kant’s transcendentalism, and his later ideas, focused on speculative ontological constructions. In particular, I investigate the methodo­logical relationship between the characteristics of knowledge in his early and late philo­sophy: dynamism, creativity, categoriality, unity of the starting point and the goal. The ba­sic structure of Natorps’s project of general logic is reconstructed. Lask’s main texts re­veal the provisions that open the way to an ontological turn. These factors include a cri­tique of the identification of the realm of value and that of the extrasensory in the meta­physics of the past, the postulation of a prereflexive stage of knowledge, interpreting the doctrine of judgment as a doctrine of immanent sense, and treating truth as a con­stitutive-aleteological phenomenon. Both Neo-Kantian philosophers build their systems on an on­tological foundation, making subjectivity dependent on objectivity in cognition, which can be interpreted as a kind of retreat from Kantian criticism. The ontological basis is ex­pressed in the postulation of a universal character of the logical expressed in Natorp’s idea of “poiesis” and Lask’s idea of “panarchy of the Logos”. The analysis of Natorp’s and Lask’s onto-epistemological projects allows us to clarify and reveal the role of Neo-Kantianism in the formation of the new ontologies of the 20th century a.k.a. the “ontologi­cal turn”.
From the periphery to the centre: Securing the place at the heart of the TESOL field for First Nations learners of English as an Additional Language/Dialect
Authors: Angelo Denise , Hudson Catherine
Published: August 2021

Indigenous learners of English as an Additional Language or Dialect (EAL/D) have historically not been the central focus of TESOL expertise here in Australia, or overseas. Despite moves towards inclusion increasing over the last two decades, there is an ongoing tendency for Indigenous EAL/D learners to remain on the periphery of current TESOL advocacy, research and practices in Australia. They are still often overlooked, as identification processes and support settings for migrant and refugee services are mismatched to Indigenous EAL/D learning contexts. Indigenous EAL/D learners, especially with un-/under-recognised contact languages (creoles and related varieties), can remain invisible in classrooms with mainstream curriculum and assessment practices (Angelo, 2013; Angelo & Hudson, 2018; Gawne et al., 2016; Macqueen et al., 2019). Hence, we argue that understanding and consideration of Indigenous EAL/D learners’ needs should become a priority in TESOL initiatives. This paper aims to place Indigenous EAL/D learners at the centre by alerting the TESOL field to a recent body of research and development on new Indigenous contact languages and whole class EAL/D teaching and assessment practices. Clarifying substantial issues and providing solutions, the paper makes Indigenous EAL/D its central focus, highlighting areas that otherwise result in “forgettings” about needs particular to Indigenous EAL/D learners.Thus informed, the Australian TESOL profession will surely include First Nations EAL/D learners at the heart of future discourse and initiatives.
Call for editor, Notes for contributors & Advertising rates
Authors: TESOL in Context Journal Coordinator
Published: August 2021

Call for editor: TESOL in Context

Notes for contributors

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Imaginario social de la responsabilidad social en el sector agroindustrial del departamento del Magdalena, Colombia
Authors: Jiménez-Sierra Devinso
Published: August 2021

La afectación sobre la actividad económica mundial por la SARS-CoV-2 ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de valorar el horizonte conceptual y de representación social de las empresas del sector agroindustrial del departamento del Magdalena, Colombia, con respecto a la visión gerencial desde los postulados de la responsabilidad social (RS), orientación que podría paliar los efectos sobre la empleabilidad. El objetivo del estudio es describir el imaginario social de los trabajadores del sector agroindustrial del departamento del Magdalena sobre la responsabilidad social empresarial. La investigación plantea, desde una metodología descriptiva de enfoque cualitativo, la aplicación de un instrumento de recolección de información sobre empleados de las 208 empresas inscritas en la Cámara de Comercio de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia, en el sector agroindustrial, para lo que se utilizó un formulario electrónico. El estudio permite identificar que dentro de las organizaciones del sector agroindustrial no se evidencian constructos relacionados con los grupos de interés de la RS, lo que podría indicar que, aunque tengan acciones o planes que se derivan de los principios de la RS, no se les reconoce como tal. Esto genera un distanciamiento directo en la apropiación de valores de RS, importantes en el propósito de afrontar el contexto actual de incertidumbre económica en el marco de la restricción social provocadas por la pandemia generada por SARS-CoV-2
Adding Fuel to Fire: How IMF demands for austerity will drive up inequality worldwide
Authors: Tamale Nona
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has dealt a huge blow to every country, and many governments have struggled to meet their populations’ urgent needs during the crisis. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has stepped in to offer extra support to a large number of countries during the pandemic. However, Oxfam’s analysis shows that as of 15 March 2021, 85% of the 107 COVID-19 loans negotiated between the IMF and 85 governments indicate plans to undertake austerity once the health crisis abates. The findings in this briefing paper show that the IMF is systematically encouraging countries to adopt austerity measures once the pandemic subsides, risking a severe spike in already increased inequality levels. A variety of studies have revealed the uneven distribution of the burden of austerity, which is more likely to be shouldered by women, low-income households and vulnerable groups, while the wealth of the richest people increases. Oxfam joins global institutions and civil society in urging governments worldwide and the IMF to focus their energies instead on a people-centred, just and equal recovery that will fight inequality and not fuel it. Austerity will not ‘build back better’.