bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Necrotizing Epiglottitis Due to NontoxigenicCorynebacterium diphtheriae
Authors: Lake Jessica A. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Suchi Mariko , Chun Robert H. , Willoughby Rodney E.
Published: June 2015

Diphtheria is a rare cause of infection in highly vaccinated populations and may not be recognized by modern clinicians. Infections by nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae are emerging. We report the first case of necrotizing epiglottitis secondary to nontoxigenic C diphtheriae. A fully vaccinated child developed fever, poor oral intake, and sore throat and was found to have necrotizing epiglottitis. Necrotizing epiglottitis predominantly occurs in the immunocompromised host. Laboratory evaluation revealed pancytopenia, and bone marrow biopsy was diagnostic for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clinicians should be aware of aggressive infections that identify immunocompromised patients. This case highlights the features of a reemerging pathogen, C diphtheriae.
Prenatal Hemoglobin Levels and Early Cognitive and Motor Functions of One-Year-Old Children
Authors: Mireku Michael O. , Davidson Leslie L. , Koura Ghislain K. , Ouédraogo Smaïla , Boivin Michael J. , Xiong Xu , Accrombessi Manfred M. K. , Massougbodji Achille , Cot Michel , Bodeau-Livinec Florence
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the relationship between prenatal hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and infant cognitive and motor functions.

METHODS:

Our prospective cohort study included 1-year-old children born to women enrolled at their first antenatal care (ANC) visit in Allada, Benin, before 29 weeks of pregnancy, within a trial comparing the efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and mefloquine. Hb concentrations of pregnant women were determined from venous blood samples collected at first and second ANC visits of at least 1-month interval and at delivery. Women were prescribed oral iron, folic acid, and anthelminthics after the first ANC visit. A total of 636 children (76.8% of eligible children) were assessed by trained research nurses for cognitive and motor functions by using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning.

RESULTS:

Prevalence of anemia (Hb < 110 g/L) decreased from 67.0% at first ANC visit (mean gestational age [SD], 22.1 [4.0] weeks) to 38.4% at delivery. Mean (SD) Hb concentrations increased from 103.7 (12.3) at first ANC visit to 112.4 (14.1) at delivery. We observed a significant negative quadratic relationship between infant gross motor (GM) function and Hb concentration at first and second ANC visits. Thus, infant GM scores increased sharply with increasing maternal Hb concentration until 90 g/L where increasing GM was mild, and began to decline after 110 g/L.

CONCLUSIONS:

There appears to be an Hb concentration range that may be optimal for GM function of 1-year-old children. This may reflect the importance of physiologic hemodilution, which occurs after the second trimester until 34 weeks of gestation.
Phytosociology of weeds associated with rice crops in the department of Tolima, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez S. Javier , Hoyos C. Verónica , Plaza T. Guido
Published: June 2015

Phytosociological studies allow for the characterization and descriptive analysis of weed communities in crops. This study aimed to characterize the weed communities associated with weed crops in the “Centro, Meseta, and Norte” zones of the Tolima Department. The study was conducted in 96 commercial lots, in which a 1 ha area was marked off for the sampling. The development stage, density and cover of the weeds were evaluated. The importance value index, the alpha diversity indices of Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and uniformity as well as the similarity indices of Jaccard, Sorensen and Steinhaus were calculated. For the entire department, 42 weed species were identified, with Echinochloa colona being the principal one in all of the zones. In the Centro zone, 27 species were identified; in the Meseta zone, 31 species were identified; and, in the Norte zone, 38 species were identified. The alpha indices demonstrated that the Meseta zone was the most diverse. The Jaccard and Sorensen indices showed dissimilarity in the weed community for all of the comparisons of the zones. The Steinhaus coefficient registered the highest similarity intensity between the Centro and Norte zones. 
Phenology of the reproductive development of Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortes
Authors: Moreno Leidy Paola , Romero Hernán Mauricio
Published: June 2015

The phenological stages of oil palm can be coded using the BBCH scale, which has three digits due to the inclusion of intermediate stages between the principal and secondary stages in order to provide greater detail on each developmental stage. For the phenological description of the reproductive development of Elaeis oleifera, the principal stages used were emergence of inflorescence, flowering, fruit growth and development, and fruit ripening. The observations were made in Colombia over a 12 month-period on E. oleifera palms planted in 1991; the observations were made on the daily course or depending on the development stage. The duration of each phenological stage was measured in days. Thus, the appearance of new leaves took 20.1±2.8 days, reaching preanthesis I (601) took 145.09±19.61 days, from this stage to preanthesis II (602) took 7.50±1.50 days, then to preanthesis III (603) took 7.39±1.56 days and finally to anthesis (607) took 5.74±1.32 days. At the population level, it was found that the phenology cycle of inflorescence is annual and that the production of flowers and the opening of inflorescences with pistils is asynchronous.
Adaptation of a leaf wetness duration model for tomato under Colombian greenhouse conditions
Authors: Gil Rodrigo , Bojacá Carlos Ricardo , Rodríguez Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2015

Greenhouse tomato production uses structures that protect crops from extreme environmental conditions; however, the climate inside Colombian greenhouses is often not optimal and crops are susceptible to attack by fungal diseases. The use of simulation models for early warnings of attack by diseases have helped to rationalize the use of chemical pesticides by increasing their efficiency when sprayed at critical times of disease onset. The aim of this study was to calibrate the surface wetness energy balance (SWEB) model to estimate the leaf wetness duration (LWD) for greenhouse tomatoes in the Alto Ricaurte province (Boyaca). For the validation, the performances of the SWEB model were evaluated by comparing a simulated LWD with records from dielectric leaf wetness sensors. The model adequately represented the phenomenon of free water on the leaves for plants in two greenhouses of Santa Sofia and Sutamarchan. The model simulated an average LWD of 9.9 and 12.1 hours day-1 in Santa Sofia and Sutamarchan, respectively. However, the simulations for the two greenhouses indicated different behaviors, with average differences between the observed and simulated daily number of hours with free water of 0.8 h for Santa Sofia, while, for Sutamarchan, the difference reached 4 hours. The fraction of correct estimates index indicated the model had the ability to correctly predict 92 and 72% of the hours with a presence or absence of LWD in Santa Sofia and Sutamarchan, respectively. The SWEB model is a useful tool for early warnings for the attack of fungal diseases in greenhouse tomatoes. However, due to the shortcomings of the greenhouse structures used for production, the crops are highly susceptible to attack from these pathogens.
Mid-infrared spectroscopy for the estimation of some soil properties
Authors: Bonett Johana P. , Camacho-Tamayo Jesús H. , Ramírez-López Leonardo
Published: June 2015

Techniques such as mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy can be used to identify the classes and properties of soils with high preci-sion. In the present study, 312 soil samples of different orders, representative of Colombian agricultural zones, were studied, among which are found Inceptisols and Verisols of the Sinú valley (Córdoba), Andisols of the Eastern Andes Mountain range (Cundinamarca), and Oxisols of the Eastern plains of Colombian (Meta), with the aim of evaluating the ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy to estimate soil properties such as organic carbon, Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, Al, and pH. The results obtained through the analysis of the curves allowed observing that the greatest number of properties are reflected in the spectral region be-tween 400 and 850 cm-1. The Inceptisols and Vertisols gave the best results in the calibration of the models for the majority of the properties, followed by the Andisols and finally the Oxisols, which did not show good results. In the descriptive analysis, the observed values showed a behavior similar to the values predicted from the models, for those properties with representa-tive spectral models. The majority of the properties did not show a normal distribution, and the coefficients of variation were very high.
Performance of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange grafted in different rootstocks, Colombia Tropical Lowland. 2001-2013
Authors: Velásquez Heberth Augusto , Orduz-Rodríguez Javier Orlando
Published: June 2015

‘Valencia’ sweet orange is widely cultivated in Colombian tropical lowlands, with low yields and a lack of technology. As a result, nine rootstocks commonly used in tropical zones: ‘C-35’, ‘Carrizo’, ‘Swingle’ citrumelo or CPB 4475, ‘Cleopatra’, ‘Sunki ´ English’, ‘Volkamer’, ‘Webberi’ and ‘Yuma’ were evaluated. The plants were established in 2001 and were evaluated for vegetative growth, fruit yield and quality for 10 years (2004-2013). The obtained results indicated that ‘Sunki × English’ and ‘Volkamer’ were the best rootstocks for fruit yield and the worst was ‘Yuma’. Furthermore, all of the rootstocks, except ‘Yuma’, stabilized their height in the last year. In terms of volume, ‘Amblycarpa’ and ‘Cleopatra’ were the bigger plants and ‘Yuma’ was the smallest. In addition, for yield efficiency, ‘Yuma’ had the best rootstocks, followed by ‘Sunki × English’. All of the rootstocks showed a similar fruit quality, except for ‘Sunki × English’, which obtained the highest total soluble solids/total titratable acids ratio.
Effect of aggregate size and superficial horizon differentiation on the friability index of soils cultivated with sugar cane: a multivariate approach
Authors: Ávila P. Edgar Álvaro , Leiva Fabio Rodrigo , Darghan Aquiles , Madriñán M. Raúl
Published: June 2015

Soil friability is a physical property that provides valuable information for minimizing energy consumption during soil tillage and for preparing the edaphic medium for plant development. Its quantitative determination is generally carried out with aggregates obtained from soil blocks taken at fixed depths of profiles without considering the superficial horizons of the soil. The objective of the this study was to determine the effect of aggregate size and superficial horizon differentiation on the friability index (FI) of some soils cultivated with sugar cane in the Geographic Valley of the Cauca River (Colombia), using univariate (CVu) and multivariate (CVm) coefficients of variation. The FI was evaluated using a compression test with four aggregate-size ranges taken from the Ap and A1 superficial horizons of 182 sampling sites located on 18 sugar cane farms. Of the five types of studied soils (Inceptisols, Mollisols, Vertisols, Alfisols and Ultisols), 7,280 aggregates were collected that were air dried and subsequently dried in a low-temperature oven before determining the tensile strength (TS), which was in turn used to calculate the FI using the coefficient of variation method. This study found that the FI varied with the aggregate size and the soil depth (first two horizons). Only three of the four size ranges initially selected were relevant. The CVm proved to be very useful for the selection of a more relevant value from the confidence interval of the TS from the CVu method for friability and established that the lower limit value (FIi) of the TS CVu was the FI value that was closest to the multivariate measurement.
Surgical Work in Medical Missions: A Study in Remote Areas of India
Authors: Gnanaraj Jesudian , Rhodes Michael
Published: June 2015

The ministry of the Lord Jesus Christ consisted of preaching, teaching, and healing the sick. Medical work has been part of Christian missions for over a century. In India, it has varied from simple nurse run clinics to state-of-the-art medical colleges like the Christian Medical College, Vellore. Most medical work in remote rural areas has been limited to primary care. We look at the surgical work in remote mission fields to find out how it has affected mission work over the last three decades as compared to pure medical work in mission fields.
In theory, surgical work on the mission field should contribute to the development of the mission and the local church. The Surgical Services Initiative (SSI) helps a team of national and international surgeons provide cost–effective surgical care to the poor and the marginalized and an excellent opportunity to teach and to train local surgeons and doctors. The initiative has partnered with many missions like Friends Missionary Prayer Band (FMPB), Operation Mobilization (OM), Gospel for Asia (GFA), and many local churches and organizations. SSI has helped to gain access to various villages where Christian missions were previously not allowed entry thus facilitating their missionary work.
Global Health after Pentecost: Toward Theological Reflection as a Religious Health Asset
Authors: Bersagel Braley Matthew T
Published: June 2015

This article examines the recent turn on the part of global health leaders to Christian communities as allies in the response to the HIV pandemic. A cursory survey of this turn highlights how global health leaders have used the language of religious health assets to revalue the activities of faith-based organizations, including Christian churches. In this way, religious health assets — tangible and intangible — become valuable if they can be rendered intelligible and appreciated using the existing lexicon and logic of global health. As a result, the primary activity of religious entities in partnerships with global health institutions is limited to conforming their practices to the best practices of HIV programs. But a closer examination of this revaluation reveals how it obscures a distinctive dimension of Christian participation, namely, critical theological reflection.
The current turn to religion as a global health ally presents an opportunity to re-imagine the spaces in which complex social phenomena are described, interpreted, and responded to. Christians live into the role of co-participants in these spaces when they seek to develop a greater competence for engaging the complex arena of global health policy and programming. This competence emerges from demonstrating understanding of the empirical context in which global health is carried out as well as showing in an imaginative and compelling manner how the theological resources from their own tradition illumine the pat-terns and processes of human suffering.
We have a unique presence and reach within communities. We have unique structures and programmes that are already in place. We are available. We are reliable. And we are sustainable. We were there long before AIDS came and we will still be there when AIDS goes away.
Rev. Canon Gideon Byamugisha1
Working together for global health goals: The United States Agency for International Development and faith-based organizations
Authors: Powell Clydette L
Published: June 2015

For many years, and before the term “FBO” was used for faith-based organizations, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has supported the work of FBOs in global health and development. The Agency has long recognized the impact of FBOs within that development space, because these organizations are often well positioned to reach the hard-to-reach and to go the last mile because of their strong ties to the community. Moreover, FBOs deliver a substantial percentage of the health services in some developing countries. Faith partners, whether Catholic, Protestant, Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, or other, have an important role to play as implementers in global health and to support global efforts towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in health. In addition, partnerships at national and international levels are key to the success of US Presidential Initiatives in the developing world, such as President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI). FBOs also have an important voice in policy and strategy formulation. Among other international donors, USAID support has been of great importance to the work of FBOs, thereby helping host nations to achieve goals in ending preventable child and maternal deaths, improving communicable disease control and prevention, and by supporting the construction and renovation of hospitals and health facilities where service delivery is most needed. The development literature is replete with examples of the work of FBOs made possible through access to resources. This paper focuses on some of the work supported by USAID in global health initiatives in order to reach complementary goals and achieve significant public health advances. Given the vastness of the topic, not all the global health initiatives involving FBOs supported by USAID are included here; the reader is encouraged to access the USAID website and USAID implementing partners for further information.
Religion, Religious Organisations and Development – Scrutinising religious perceptions and organisations. Carol Rakodi, ed. Routledge, 2013
Authors: Morgan Huw
Published: June 2015

This is a book review
Through the Valley of the Shadow of Death – Surviving the Dreaded Ebola Disease
Authors: Okoli-Igonoh Adaora Chinenye
Published: June 2015

As the world battles the deadly Ebola virus, the experience of Dr. Ada Igonoth offers hope and encourages the faith of others to believe God for healing.
Community Health Global Network: “Clustering” Together to Increase the Impact of Community Led Health and Development
Authors: Safe Marianne , Grills Nathan , Wainwright Elizabeth , Lankester Ted
Published: June 2015

Background: Community Health Global Network (CHGN) is a collaborative network, founded to strengthen collaboration between community-based health programs - many of which are faith based initiatives. It seeks to address this in two ways: through its global network of players in community health and in the formation of “Clusters.” CHGN Clusters are networks of community health programmes and individuals in specific geographical locations. This case report outlines the formation of the Kenya Cluster.
Aims:To describe the steps in the formation of the Kenya Cluster and to outline the primary outcomes and potential impact of the network. To discuss how learning from the Kenya Cluster may assist other established Clusters and the initiation of new Clusters.
Method: Information for this case report was gained from meetings and consultations with various individuals including leaders and members of the Kenya Cluster, other national community health experts, CHGN International staff and advisors to CHGN Uttarakhand Cluster in India. In addition, information was gained from personal observation during in-country field work.
Results: The Kenya Cluster is emerging as a platform for community health pro-grams to connect and network. These connections have led to transfer of information through stories, best practice, training, contacts and opportunities amongst Cluster members. The Cluster has also established links with government and multi-laterals enabling greater access to support at the community level.
Conclusions:There is early indication that the formation of the Kenya Cluster is supportive of the Cluster model as a unique way of strengthening collaboration between community health programs. Clusters have the potential to improve the link between faith-inspired initiatives and secular and multilateral development organisations. Lessons from the Kenya Cluster can progress the development of other Clusters. Further evaluation will be conducted to assess the impact of the Kenya Cluster and the overall impact of the Cluster approach.
Faithful Is Successful: Notes to the Driven Pilgrim. Grills. N, Lewis. DE, and Swamidass. SJ, eds. USA: Outskirts 2014
Authors: Maunganidze Nicollette
Published: June 2015

Faithful is Successful (Grills et al, 2014), a collection of memoirs penned by individuals from a designated demographic: “successful Christian professionals,” explores the topic of success from the Christian worldview. This work leverages, most specifically, lessons learned from struggle and search on the topic, to explicate how success in vocation can and ought to be achieved. Inevitably canvassed subthemes include the definition in essence, the measuring stick(s) and expected exemplification of success. The latter, the authors suggest, a fruit one can only authentically interpret ex post. Overall, the undeniable page-turner is the refreshing honesty of each disclosure including contributions from a U.S Army serviceman turned hedge-fund co-founder in Africa and a respected artist working in Los Angeles, to name a few. Noteworthy is the fact that among contributors, authors Denholm and Grills, and editors Swamidass and Grills hail from the medical field. Not only them, but several of the authors have interfaced with the theme of this volume: “Caring in Conflict.” Whether at work or at home, interpersonal conflict has challenged some of the authors, and at times their families, as they negotiated their life journey’s in both old and new environments.
Are You Oil or Sand? Resolving Conflict in Christian Global Healthcare
Authors: Stevens David L.
Published: June 2015

Drawing from his experience as a cross-cultural health worker in Africa and his roll in training others for similar missionary service, the author discusses common sources of conflict at a local level inside a larger pressure chamber of political differences, economic tensions, religious extremism, corruption, crime and even armed conflict. Almost all Christians serving in global healthcare are providing care in the midst of some level of conflict. Conflict at the interpersonal level ultimately impacts the effectiveness of teams, organizations, institutions, governments and nations. He gives practical wisdom on handling conflict toward productive, cooperative and sustainable work leading to widespread healing impact.
Health, Healing and the Church’s Mission: Biblical Perspectives and Moral Priorities, By Willard M. Swartley, IVP Academic, 2012
Authors: Halbrooks Ronald F.
Published: June 2015

This interesting book is an up to date writing of current thoughts, trends and ideas in the broader issues the title suggests of health, healing and the church’s mission and also the biblical and moral perspectives related to these words, themes and ideas.
The Battle Belongs to the Lord: Healthcare Amidst Conflict in Kashmir
Authors: Nageshwari K. Sarah
Published: June 2015

Despite years of surrounding civil unrest and militant opposition, a maternity hospital in Anantnag, Kashmir, India has persevered in both faithful service and in living faith amid cultural, religious, and civil conflict. The author recalls her own spiritual journey and calling, as well as a series of dramatic conflicts which challenged and emboldened the staff to remain faithful to the call to service and bold in the face of opposition.
Millisecond Kinetics of PbS Quantum Dots Using Droplet-based Microfluidics with On-line Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Lignos Ioannis , Stavrakis Stavros , Kilaj Ardita , deMello Andrew
Published: June 2015

We report a novel approach for the on-line characterization of nucleation and growth kinetics of lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots using droplet-based microfluidics. Monodisperse NIR-emitting PbS with optical bandgap between 680 to 1200 nm can be formed rapidly using two reaction schemes at different operating temperatures between 70 and 130°C and the temporal evolution of the absorption and fluorescence spectra are monitored in real-time using a microfluidic platform with an on-line absorption and fluorescence optical system. Therefore, this microfluidic platform is able to provide quantitative information on a millisecond (ms) time frame regarding the size, size distribution, concentration and emission characteristics of the generated nuclei and particles. To our knowledge, this represents the first microfluidic approach for the study of the nucleation and growth in high-temperature colloidal crystallization using in-situ absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
Horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: diagnosis and treatment of 37 patients
Authors: Maranhão Eliana Teixeira , Maranhão Filho Péricles
Published: June 2015

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), the most frequent cause of vertigo is associated with high morbidity in the elderly population. The most common form is linked to debris in the posterior semicircular canal. However, there has been an increasing number of reported BPPV cases involving the horizontal canals. The purpose of this article is to highlight the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment in 37 patients with horizontal canal BPPV; twenty-six with geotropic nystagmus, and eleven with the apogeotropic form. Treatment consisted of the Gufoni manoeuver in eighteen patients (48.6%), the barbecue 360° maneuver in twelve patients (32.4%), both manoeuvers in four patients (10.8%), both manoeuvers plus head shaking in one patient (2.7%), and the Gufoni maneuver plus head shaking in two patients. Cupulolithiasis patients were asked to sleep in a forced prolonged position. We obtained a complete resolution of vertigo and nystagmus in 30 patients (81.0%) on the initial visit.
Mortality predictors of epilepsy and epileptic seizures among hospitalized elderly
Authors: Assis Telma M. R , Bacellar Aroldo , Costa Gersonita , Nascimento Osvaldo J. M.
Published: June 2015

Epilepsy and epileptic seizures are common brain disorders in the elderly and are associated with increased mortality that may be ascribed to the underlying disease or epilepsy-related causes.Objective To describe mortality predictors of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in elderly inpatients.Method Retrospective analysis was performed on hospitalized elderly who had epilepsy or epileptic seizures, from January 2009 to December 2010. One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled.Results The most common etiology was ischemic stroke (37%), followed by neoplasias (13%), hemorrhagic stroke (12%), dementias (11.4%) and metabolic disturbances (5.5%). In a univariate analysis, disease duration (p = 0.04), status epilepticus (p < 0.001) and metabolic etiology (p = 0.005) were associated with mortality. However after adjustment by logistic regression, only status epilepticus remained an independent predictor of death (odds ratio = 13; 95%CI = 2.3 to 72; p = 0.004).Conclusion In this study status epilepticus was an independent risk factor for death during hospitalization.
Post-activation depression of the lower extremities in stroke patients with spasticity and spastic equinovarus deformity
Authors: Yang Yuanbin , Xiao Juan , Song Weiqun
Published: June 2015

This study aimed to investigate changes of post-activation depression in two groups of patients with or without spastic equinovarus deformity (SED). Paired and independent t-tests were used to compare post-activation depression within and between the groups, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between diminished post-activation depression and spasticity severity. The soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) post-activation depression values were significantly decreased on the affected sides of patients with SED compared to those without. In patients without SED, the soleus post-activation depression was significantly decreased on the affected side; however, TA post-activation depression was higher on the affected side. Both the soleus and TA become active, but the onset time may be different. The imbalanced muscle tone between the soleus and TA in the early stage after stroke may be related to equinus deformity.
La vegetación de las lajas en la región de Lomerío, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Authors: MOSTACEDO Bonifacio , TOLEDO Marisol , FREDERICKSEN Todd S.
Published: June 2015

Estudiamos la riqueza y composición de especies vegetales en tres afloramientos rocosos (lajas) en Lomerío, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, dentro de un bosque seco tropical. Determinamos la variación de la vegetación desde el centro hacia el borde de las lajas, además que caracterizamos algunas especies propias de este hábitat. La riqueza de especies varía entre lajas, pero, en forma conjunta esta riqueza puede ser mayor a otros tipos de bosque aledaños a las lajas. La riqueza de especies fue mayor en el borde que en el centro de las lajas. En el borde de las lajas, la riqueza de especies varia según la distancia al centro de las lajas; la mayor riqueza se encontró en los primeros 10 m del borde. En el centro de las lajas Deuterocohnia meziana Kuntze ex Mez fue la especie más dominante, mientras que las especies más abundantes fueron D. meziana y Monvillea kroenleinii R. Kiesling. En el borde de las lajas Anthurium plowmanii Croat, Pseudananas sagenarius (Arruda) Camargo, Urera baccifera L., Casearia gossypiosperma Briq., Aspidosperma rigidum Rusby y Cereus tacuaralensis Cárdenas fueron las especies más abundantes. De acuerdo a las clases diamétricas, se puede considerar que existe regeneración natural para las principales especies arbóreas. Las lajas son hábitats muy importantes que deben considerarse dentro del manejo forestal de bosques naturales adyacentes, puesto que constituyen lugares de alta diversidad y endemismo de plantas y animales y que son refugios y fuentes de alimentación de muchas especies de animales.
Preferência de vôo de nove espécies da família scolytidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) na Amazônia Central1
Authors: ABREU Raimunda Liége Souza de , FONSECA Cláudio Ruy Vasconcelos da , GUERRERO José Camilo HURTADO , PAULA Estevão Vicente Cavalcanti Monteiro de
Published: June 2015

Neste trabalho foi avaliada a preferência por altura de vôo de nove espécies da família Scolytidae, capturadas com armadilhas Escolitídeo/Curitiba e Marques/Carrano/Abreu, instaladas a 1; 3; 5; 7,5 e 10m de altura na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, no km 22 da rodovia AM-010 (Manaus, AM). Para isto foi feita uma análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O resultado das análises mostraram que, independente da armadilha utilizada, Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, Xyleborus sp. 1 e Monarthrum sp. 1 apresentaram preferência de vôo por alturas inferiores a 3m; Cryptocarenus heveae (Hagedorn) mostrou preferência por alturas superiores a 5m; e Hypothenemus obscurus Fabricius acima de 7,5m; Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff não apresentou preferência por qualquer altura de vôo. Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers, Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood e Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff apresentaram divergência quanto à tendência de vôo, em relação às armadilhas utilizadas.
Resistência de piperáceas nativas da Amazônia á infecção causada por Nectria haematococca f. sp. piperis
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE Fernando Carneiro de , DUARTE Maria de Lourdes Reis , BENCHIMOL Ruth Linda , ENDO Tadamitsu
Published: June 2015

A reação de resistência das espécies Piper aduncum, P. arboreum, P. carniconnectivum, P. colubrinum, P. hispidinervium, P. hispidum, P. hostmannianum, P. tuberculatum, P. nigrum e Piper sp. à infecção causada por dois isolados de Nectria haematococca f. sp. piperis foi determinada em condições de telado, através do cultivo em solo infestado e de inoculações no internódio de mudas com três meses de desenvolvimento. Mudas de P. nigrum (pimenta-do-reino) foram usadas como controle, devido a alta suscetibilidade ao patógeno. Aos 110 dias observou-se que o isolado Adu obtido de Ρ. aduncum não causou podridão das raízes em todas as espécies, com exceção de Piper sp. e de P. nigrum, enquanto que o isolado Nig obtido de P. nigrum causou infecção apenas nas raízes desse hospedeiro. Diferenças significativas (p<0,01) foram observadas no nível de resistência entre as espécies, sendo as espécies nativas mais resistentes à infecção causada pelo fungo. Os isolados apresentaram variação para virulência (p<0,01), sendo o isolado Nig mais virulento do que o Adu. Não ocorreu, porém, interação entre Piper spp. e os dois isolados de N. haematococca f. sp. piperis. Concluiu-se, portanto, que o isolado Adu não tem habilidade de infectar os tecidos radiculares das espécies estudadas e que pelo menos sete espécies nativas apresentam uma alta resistência ao patógeno, podendo ser utilizadas como porta-enxertos resistentes para controlar doenças radiculares da pimenta-do-reino.
Discriminação de raças primitivas de Pupunha (Bactris Gasipaes) na Amazônia brasileira por meio de marcadores moleculares (RAPDs)
Authors: SOUSA Nelcimar R. , RODRIGUES Doriane P. , CLEMENT Charles R. , NAGAO Eduardo O. , ASTOLFI-FILHO Spartaco
Published: June 2015

A pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Palmae) foi domesticada por seu fruto pelos primeiros povos da Amazônia Ocidental, possuindo um complexo de raças primitivas (landraces) parcialmente caracterizado e mapeado morfologicamente. Ao longo dos Rios Amazonas e Solimões, no Brasil, foram propostas três raças primitivas [Pará (Rio Amazonas), Solimões (baixo e médio Rio Solimões), Putumayo (alto Rio Solimões)], com indicações de que a raça Solimões poderia ser artefato de análise morfométrica. Marcadores RAPDs foram usados para avaliar a hipótese de três raças. Extraiu-se DNA de 30 plantas de cada raça mantida no BAG de Pupunha em Manaus, AM, Brasil. Na amplificação por PCR, 8 primers geraram 80 marcadores, cujas similaridades de Jaccard foram estimadas para agrupamento das plantas com UPGMA. O dendrograma conteve 2 grandes grupos que juntaram-se a uma similaridade de 0,535: o grupo da raça Pará conteve 26 plantas dessa raça, 5 da Putumayo e 1 da Solimões; o grupo do Rio Solimões conteve 29 plantas da raça Solimões, 19 da Putumayo e 1 da Pará. A estrutura do segundo grupo sugere que existe apenas uma raça ao longo do Rio Solimões, pois as plantas amostradas são misturadas em sub-grupos sem ordem aparente. A análise genética não apoia a hipótese de três raças e sugere que a raça Putumayo estende-se ao longo do Rio Solimões até Amazônia central. Será necessário juntar dados genéticos com morfológicos para avaliar esta nova hipótese com mais precisão.
Esfingofauna (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) do Parque Nacional do Jaú e arredores, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: MOTTA Catarina da Silva , ANDREAZZE Ricardo
Published: June 2015

A fauna de esfingídeos (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) foi estudada no Parque Nacional do Jaú e arredores, Amazonas, Brasil, durante o período de julho de 1993 a junho de 1996. O método empregado para as coletas foi luz mista de mercúrio e luz negra UV montadas sobre um lençol branco em períodos de 12 horas consecutivas. Foram coletados 2362 espécimes de 25 gêneros e 79 espécies, com a predominância de espécies das tribos Dilophonotini (45 espécies), seguida por Sphingini (13 spp.), Macroglossini (8 spp.), Philampelini (7 spp.) e Ambulycini (6 spp.). Os dados são comparados a outras áreas da Amazônia brasileira: Município de Itacoatiara (AM), Ilha de Maracá e Pacaraima (RR). Apresenta-se uma lista das espécies de esfingídeos incluindo 16 registros novos para o Estado do Amazonas e igualmente para todas as localidades em que foram coletadas.
Estocagem tecidual e utilização de lipídeos em Matrinxã, Brycon cephalus (Günther, 1869)
Authors: SOARES Maria do Carmo Figueredo , URBINATI Elisabeth Criscuolo , MALHEIROS Euclides Braga
Published: June 2015

Os lipídeos exercem diversas funções biológicas, como constituintes de membranas, precursores de hormônios, e por seu alto conteúdo calórico, um eficiente composto para estoque de energia. Nos peixes, ao contrário dos mamíferos, os modelos de deposição lipídica são mais diversos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a concentração de lipídeo total no plasma e nos tecidos somático e reprodutivo do matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, macho e fêmea, destacando alguns índices somáticos relacionados à dinâmica desse substrato. De outubro/97 a janeiro/99, foram amostrados, mensalmente, 8 a 12 peixes, totalizando 174 animais. Após anestesia, retirou-se sangue heparinizado para dosagem do triacilglicerol plasmático. Cada peixe foi mensurado e fígado, gônadas e gordura visceral retirados e pesados para cálculo do IHS (índice hepatossomático) IGS (índice gonadossomático) e IGVS (índice gorduro-viscerossomático). Os maiores teores do lipídeo total ocorreram no músculo vermelho, com aproximadamente 18%, seguido pelo fígado e gônadas com valores médios de 16,5%. O músculo branco apresentou o menor teor com 2,3%. A análise de variância dos IHS e IGVS mostrou que ambos apresentaram efeito significativo para bimestre, com índices mais baixos em períodos de temperaturas mais altas, e não significativo para sexo e a interação sexo e bimestre. O matrinxã estoca lipídeos em vários tecidos corpóreos incluindo gordura mesentérica, fígado, músculos e gônadas.
A reprodução e o início da vida de Hoplias malabaricus (Erythrinidae; Characiformes) na Amazônia Central
Authors: ARAUJO-LIMA Carlos A.R.M. , BITTENCOURT Maria Mercedes
Published: June 2015

Hoplias malabaricus, ou traíra é um peixe predador com ampla distribuição na América do Sul. Ε encontrado com frequência na Amazônia, porém sua biologia ainda é pouco estudada na região. Nesta nota apresentamos dados relativos a sua reprodução e ao início do seu desenvolvimento larval na várzea do rio Solimões. A traíra se reproduz durante todo o ano. As fêmeas têm fecundidade relativamente baixa, que varia conforme o tamanho do peixe. Os ovócitos maduros são grandes (média = 1,5 mm). Ovos fecundados foram encontrados em posturas nas margens dos lagos de várzea. As larvas eclodiram com 4,7 cm de comprimento e detalhes sobre seu desenvolvimento embrionário são apresentados.
Bionomics data for Anopheles (Anopheles) forattinii Wilkerson & Sallum, 1999
Authors: HUTCHINGS Rosa Sá Gomes , SALLUM Maria Anice Mureb
Published: June 2015

Immature and adult stages of Anopheles (Anopheles) forattinii were collected in the Parque Nacional do Jaú, Novo Airão, Amazonas, Brazil. Larvae and pupae were taken from fresh water among floating plant debris inside flooded "igapó" forest. This species may make use of plant debris for passive dispersal throughout its distribution range.
Culicidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira: Querari
Authors: HUTCHINGS Rosa Sá Gomes , SALLUM Maria Anice Mureb , FERREIRA Ruth Leila Menezes
Published: June 2015

Foram coletados adultos e imaturos de Culicidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) em Querari, Município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Estado do Amazonas. Brasil. Os adultos foram capturados utilizando armadilhas (CDC e Malaise) e com puçá (varredura). Os imaturos foram coletados em poças de água (no solo e em pedras) e nas axilas de bromélias epífitas e terrestres. Apresenta-se uma lista das espécies da família Culicidae, incluindo 42 novos registros de distribuição para a região. As espécies encontradas pertencem aos gêneros Ochlerotatus, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, Haemagogus, Johnbelkinia, Limatus, Psorophora, Sabethes, Trichoprosopon, Uranotaenia e Wyeomyia.
Levantamento de Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em residências de Manaus, estado do Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: MARQUES Ana Paula Coelho , ALE-ROCHA Rosaly , RAFAEL José Albertino
Published: June 2015

Apresenta-se os resultados do levantamento de formigas que infestam residências na cidade de Manaus, Amazonas. Comparou-se duas estações do ano (seca e chuvosa), dois períodos de atividade (diurno e noturno) e quatro diferentes cômodos da casa (sala, quarto, cozinha e banheiro). Todas residências estavam infestadas por pelo menos uma espécie de formiga; 21 espécies foram coletadas, sete delas consideradas características de habitats humanos e dessas, três são exóticas. Observou-se maior diversidade durante a época chuvosa e no período noturno. A cozinha foi o cômodo com maior ocorrência e a diversidade foi semelhante entre os cômodos; nenhuma espécie dominante foi observada; Tapinoma melanocephalum foi a espécie mais comum e quase sempre encontrada com outras espécies.
Variação espaço-temporal na atividade forrageira da Saúva (Atta laevigata)
Authors: VASCONCELOS Heraldo L.
Published: June 2015

Na Amazônia, a regeneração natural da floresta em pastos e cultivos abandonados pode ser afetada pelas saúvas, pois estas são importantes predadoras das plântulas e das sementes das espécies arbóreas que eventualmente ali se estabelecem. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre como as chances de uma dada planta ser atacada ou de uma semente ser removida pelas saúvas varia no tempo e no espaço. Com este intuito, estabeleci uma parcela de 80 χ 120 m, subdividida em quadrantes de 10 χ 10m, em um campo abandonado próximo a Manaus. Na periferia desta parcela haviam 3 ninhos da saúva Atta laevigata. Ao longo de 1 ano, determinei quais plantas (das espécies arbóreas somente) foram atacadas pelas formigas. Determinei também como variou a atividade de coleta de sementes por A. laevigata. Para isto utilizei grãos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris). Iscas, com cerca de 20 feijões cada, foram distribuídas pela parcela ao longo do ano. Finalmente, determinei se plantas (mudas de Bellucia imperialis) estabelecidas em solo desnudo tinham uma maior chance de serem atacadas do que aquelas estabelecidas em solo com cobertura de gramíneas. Os resultados mostram que a atividade de coleta de sementes foi espacialmente agregada. A maior atividade foi observada nas regiões sudeste e noroeste da parcela, em geral, próximo aos ninhos. Forte variação temporal na coleta de sementes também foi observada. O pico máximo de atividade ocorreu em meados de julho e o de menor atividade em meados de janeiro. A atividade de corte seguiu um padrão similar. Houve uma clara diminuição no número de plantas atacadas entre novembro e janeiro. A proporção de plantas atacadas por parcela variou entre 6 e 89%. A incidência de ataques por saúvas sobre mudas de B. imperialis não variou em função da cobertura vegetal (com ou sem gramíneas). Isto possivelmente em função da forte heterogeneidade espacial na atividade de A. laevigata, que encobriu qualquer efeito devido a cobertura vegetal.
Implicações ecológicas da fenologia reprodutiva de Salix martiana Leyb. (Salicaceae) em áreas de várzea da Amazônia Central1
Authors: OLIVEIRA Astrid Câmara de , PIEDADE Maria Teresa Fernandez
Published: June 2015

Salix martiana Leyb. é uma planta que ocupa margens de rios de água branca, situando-se em cotas a partir de 23 m sobre o nível do mar (s.n.m.). Com o objetivo de verificar a influência do tempo de inundação anual e da precipitação no comportamento fenológico desta espécie, três sítios em diferentes cotas, de 23 a 27 m (s.n.m.), foram escolhidos e em cada um deles 25 árvores foram marcadas e observadas semanalmente, durante 14 meses. Para determinação do tempo médio de formação dos frutos, três árvores por sítio tiveram 25 inflorescências marcadas, das quais 79% formaram frutos, com uma média de 48 frutos formados por inflorescência. Não houve interferência da inundação ou da precipitação em qualquer das fenofases, sendo a produção de sementes contínua ao longo do ano. Dentro das populações não foi observada variação individual nos eventos reprodutivos. Considerando o ambiente instável habitado pela espécie, a produção ininterrupta de sementes pode representar uma importante adaptação para aumentar o sucesso reprodutivo.
Biologia floral e polinização de Aechmea beeriana (Bromeliaceae) em vegetação de baixio na Amazônia Central.
Authors: NARA Angelic Katz , WEBBER Antonio Carlos
Published: June 2015

O presente estudo trata a biologia floral, a polinização e o sistema reprodutivo de Aechmea beeriana Smith & Spencer, acrescidas de algumas informações fenológicas. A espécie foi estudada nos arredores de Manaus-AM. A. beeriana ocorre principalmente como epífita a várias alturas, com preferência por locais mais sombreados. Apresenta-se adaptada a síndrome de ornitofilia, com antese diurna e inflorescências vistosas. A antese possui duração de um dia e as flores são homogâmicas. Os indivíduos são auto-incompatíveis. Três espécies de beija-flores, Phaethornis superciliosus, P. bourcieri e Thalurania furcata (Trochilinae), são considerados os principais polinizadores. A espécie apresenta padrão de floração sub-anual, com 98,4% dos indivíduos apresentando flores ao longo do período, florescendo principalmente entre os meses de agosto e dezembro,ou seja, da metade da época de estiagem até o início da estação chuvosa. Brotos e folhas novas foram observados desenvolvendo-se ao longo do ano.
Factors associated with knowledge about tuberculosis and attitudes of relatives of patients with the disease in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Freitas Isabela Moreira de , Popolin Marcela Paschoal , Touso Michelle Mosna , Yamamura Mellina , Rodrigues Ludmila Barbosa Bandeira , Santos Neto Marcelino , Crispim Juliane de Almeida , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the knowledge regarding tuberculosis among relatives of patients with tuberculosis and the possible factors associated with this event and also to conduct comparative analyses between groups of relatives with or with few knowledge regarding tuberculosis, considering their attitudes in both groups. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in which the sample was obtained through simple and randomized method. The data were collected by trained interviewers and validated tool. Logistic regression analyses were done using statistical software SPSS, version 22.0. RESULTS: Among the 110 subjects recruited for the study, 85 (87.5%) were women, and the mean age was 49 years. Regarding common symptoms of tuberculosis, 102 relatives (90.9%) pointed the chronic cough; regarding the knowledge about tuberculosis transmission modes, 100 (90.9%) of them pointed symptomatic respiratory as the probable infection source. The relatives also reported other tuberculosis transmission models: sharing of clothes (n = 87; 79.1%) and household utensils (n = 66; 60%); sexual relations (n = 50; 50%). Illiterate relatives (adjusted OR = 4.39; 95%CI 1.11 - 17.36), those who do not watch or watch little television (adjusted OR = 3.99; 95%CI 1.2 - 13.26), and also those who do not have the Internet access (adjusted OR = 5.01; 95%CI 1.29 - 19.38) were more likely to have low knowledge regarding tuberculosis. Regardless the group, with or without tuberculosis knowledge, the attitudes of both were satisfactory. CONCLUSION: There are evidences that social inequity is associated to the tuberculosis knowledge of patient relatives.