bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The phenotypic morphology of human lumbar plexus roots associated with changes in the thoracolumbar vertebral count and trade-off
Authors: Ishiguro Kaho , Kawashima Tomokazu , Sato Fumi
Published: January 2020

This study investigated the developmental basis for the human phenotypic morphology of the interaction between the vertebrae and the nerve plexus by evaluating changes in the human lumbar plexus according to various thoracolumbar formulas. The dissection found that the changes in lumbar nerve roots reported by experimental embryology studies to be concomitant with thoracolumbar trade-off, i.e., a change in vertebrae from thoracic to lumbar with no change in the overall thoracolumbar count, were not apparent in humans with the usual 17 or mutant 16 thoracolumbar vertebrae. When vertebral changes in two segments were examined by comparing spines with a reduced thoracolumbar count of 16 to those with an increased count of 18, this tended to show only a single-segment caudal shift of the lumbar plexus. We cannot provide evidence for the phylogenetic difference in the concomitant changes of lumbar nerves and vertebrae, but comparisons between experimental rodents and humans highlighted fewer and shorter lumbar vertebra and more complicated lumbar plexus in humans. Therefore, these multiple differences may contribute to a human phenotypic morphology that is not evident in the concomitant transformation of vertebrae and lumbar nerves reported in experimental rodents.
Automatic Posture and Movement Tracking of Infants with Wearable Movement Sensors
Authors: Airaksinen Manu , Räsänen Okko , Ilén Elina , Häyrinen Taru , Kivi Anna , Marchi Viviana , Gallen Anastasia , Blom Sonja , Varhe Anni , Kaartinen Nico , Haataja Leena , Vanhatalo Sampsa
Published: January 2020

Infants’ spontaneous and voluntary movements mirror developmental integrity of brain networks since they require coordinated activation of multiple sites in the central nervous system. Accordingly, early detection of infants with atypical motor development holds promise for recognizing those infants who are at risk for a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders). Previously, novel wearable technology has shown promise for offering efficient, scalable and automated methods for movement assessment in adults. Here, we describe the development of an infant wearable, a multi-sensor smart jumpsuit that allows mobile accelerometer and gyroscope data collection during movements. Using this suit, we first recorded play sessions of 22 typically developing infants of approximately 7 months of age. These data were manually annotated for infant posture and movement based on video recordings of the sessions, and using a novel annotation scheme specifically designed to assess the overall movement pattern of infants in the given age group. A machine learning algorithm, based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) was then trained for automatic detection of posture and movement classes using the data and annotations. Our experiments show that the setup can be used for quantitative tracking of infant movement activities with a human equivalent accuracy, i.e., it meets the human inter-rater agreement levels in infant posture and movement classification. We also quantify the ambiguity of human observers in analyzing infant movements, and propose a method for utilizing this uncertainty for performance improvements in training of the automated classifier. Comparison of different sensor configurations also shows that four-limb recording leads to the best performance in posture and movement classification.
The only complete articulated early Miocene chameleon skull (Rusinga Island, Kenya) suggests an African origin for Madagascar’s endemic chameleons
Authors: Čerňanský Andrej , Herrel Anthony , Kibii Job M. , Anderson Christopher V. , Boistel Renaud , Lehmann Thomas
Published: January 2020

We here present the first detailed study of the specimen KNM-RU 18340 from Rusinga Island (Kenya), the only known complete early Miocene chameleon skull, using micro-CT. This specimen represents one of the oldest chameleon fossils ever recovered. For the first time, the skull bone internal surfaces, their sutures, and elements contained inside the rocky matrix are observed. Our morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses place this specimen confidently in the genusCalummaand a new species,Calumma benovskyisp. nov., is erected for it. Since all species of this genus are endemic to Madagascar, this fossil uniquely demonstrates the existence ofCalummaon continental Africa in the past. Our results challenge the long-held view that chameleons originated on Madagascar and dispersed over water to Africa, and provide a strong evidence of an African origin for some Malagasy lineages. The Oligocene–early Miocene dispersal to Madagascar, using oceanic currents that favoured eastward dispersal at that time, is a highly supported scenario matching the suggested dispersal of lemurs to this island. This is consistent with a previously suggested hypothesis based on molecular data.
SWAV: a web-based visualization browser for sliding window analysis
Authors: Zhu Zhenglin , Wang Yawang , Zhou Xichuan , Yang Liuqing , Meng Geng , Zhang Ze
Published: January 2020

Sliding window analysis has been extensively applied in evolutionary biology. With the development of the high-throughput DNA sequencing of organisms at the population level, an application that is dedicated to visualizing population genetic test statistics at the genomic level is needed. We have developed the sliding window analysis viewer (SWAV), which is a web-based program that can be used to integrate, view and browse test statistics and perform genome annotation. In addition to browsing, SAV can mark, generate and customize statistical images and search by sequence alignment, position or gene name. These features facilitate the effectiveness of sliding window analysis. As an example application, yeast and silkworm resequencing data are analyzed with SWAV. The SWAV package, user manual and usage demo are available at http://swav.popgenetics.net.
Pluronic-F127/Platelet Microvesicles nanocomplex delivers stem cells in high doses to the bone marrow and confers post-irradiation survival
Authors: Chander Vikas , Gangenahalli Gurudutta
Published: January 2020

Platelet microvesicles (pMVs) are submicron-sized heterogeneous vesicles released upon activation and contain several membrane receptors and proteins (CD41, CD61, CD62, CXCR4, PAR-1, etc.). We have revealed their ability to adhere to the triblock copolymer pluronic-F127 (PF127) and form a platelet microvesicular nanocloud which has the potential to enhance the transvascular migration of hematopoietic stem cells across the sinusoidal endothelium to the bone marrow. Besides, the pMVs nanoclouds bestow survival benefits when present on the cells used for infusion, particularly with PF127-stabilized with chitosan-alginate (PF127-CA HSCs). The vesicles were found to be firmly associated with PF127 in the nanocloud, which was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The abrogation of CXCR4/SDF-1 axis regulating the transmigration of the cells by antagonist AMD3100 revealed that the enriched CXCR4 receptors on pMVs robustize the transmigration of the infused cells. The homing of the cells led to effective engraftment and faster regeneration of the critical blood lineages, which elicited 100% survival of the mice receiving lethal doses of radiation. The Human Long-Term Culture Initiating Cells (LTC-ICs), Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) - Repopulating Cells (SRCs) and Colony Forming Cells (CFCs) responsible for the regeneration, but present in extremely low numbers in the infused cell dose, have enabled the cells to reach the bone marrow in high numbers. This potential of the PF127 to sequester the pMVs and its application to achieve over 10-fold delivery of HSCs across the trans-endothelial checkpoint has so far not been reported. Thus, this mechanistic innovation is a potential post-exposure life-saving regimen capable of circumventing the irreparable damage to the bone marrow caused by lethal doses of radiation.
Engineering DNAzyme cascade for signal transduction and amplification
Authors: Li Jing , Quan Ke , Yang Yanjing , Yang Xiaohai , Meng Xiangxian , Huang Jin , Wang Kemin
Published: January 2020

Inspired by the natural enzyme cascade reaction, a multiple DNAzyme cascade platform is engineered to imitate the intracellular process of signal transduction and signal amplification.
Crystalline iceplant-like nano-NaVPO4F@graphene as an intercalation-type anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Cheng Bin , Zhang Shengjie , Zhuo Haitao , Chen Shaojun
Published: January 2020

Crystalline iceplant-like nano-NaVPO4F@graphene exhibits excellent cycling and rate capability as an intercalation-type anode material for sodium-ion batteries.
An atom-economical design of PET tracer for imaging αvβ3integrinviautilizing the three-in-one function of64Copper
Authors: Yang Jing , Yang Jian , Wang Huan , Wang Junfeng , Xiong Jianping , Qiao Chunhua , Ran Chongzhao
Published: January 2020

The αvβ3integrin in tumors was imaged with64Cu-Cyclo-RGD in which64Cu activated RGD peptide by cyclizing the pre-ligand GHRGDHG.
Photoactive metal complexes that bind DNA and other biomolecules as cell probes, therapeutics, and theranostics
Authors: Saeed Hiwa K , Sreedharan Sreejesh , Thomas Jim A
Published: January 2020

Using selected transition metal centres and linking ligand “building blocks” a modular approach to the development of cellular imaging agents and therapeutics is discussed and illustrated with examples from research by the Thomas group.
Temperature-responsive dissolution/recrystallization of Zn MOF enables the maximum efficiency and recyclability of catalysts
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zhang Huan , Zhang Mingkai , Zou Yong , Zhang Sai , Qu Yongquan
Published: January 2020

A novel strategy through a temperature-responsive dissolution and recrystallization process has successfully achieved 100% atomic utilization and easy recyclability of heterogeneous DMZnF catalysts for highly efficient dehydrogenation of DMF–H2O.
Optimized aqueous Kinugasa reactions for bioorthogonal chemistry applications
Authors: Bilodeau Didier A. , Margison Kaitlyn D. , Ahmed Noreen , Strmiskova Miroslava , Sherratt Allison R. , Pezacki John Paul
Published: January 2020

We present optimized micelle-assisted aqueous copper(i)-catalyzed alkyne–nitrone cycloaddition involving rearrangement (CuANCR) reactions applicable to bioorthogonal applications, namely membrane-associated peptide modification.
Small-sized copolymeric nanoparticles for tumor penetration and intracellular drug release
Authors: Zhu Chun-Nan , Zang Liu-Yuan , Zheng Dong-Yun , Cao Hui-Min , Liu Xiao-Jun
Published: January 2020

Small-sized copolymeric nanoparticles have been developed for deep tumor penetration and nuclear drug delivery, which exhibit excellent solid tumor growth suppression.
Supramolecular organisation of sulphate salt hydrates exemplified with brucine sulphate
Authors: Braun Doris E.
Published: January 2020

The frequency of hydrate formation among organic sulphate salts is unravelled. Interconversion of the hydrates of brucine sulphate occurs with small changes in the relative humidity.
Reorientation of π-conjugated molecules on few-layer MoS2 films
Authors: Hagara Jakub , Mrkyvkova Nada , Nádaždy Peter , Hodas Martin , Bodík Michal , Jergel Matej , Majková Eva , Tokár Kamil , Hutár Peter , Sojková Michaela , Chumakov Andrei , Konovalov Oleg , Pandit Pallavi , Roth Stephan , Hinderhofer Alexander , Hulman Martin , Siffalovic Peter , Schreiber Frank
Published: January 2020

We show that small π-conjugated molecules adopt a lying-down orientation when deposited on few-layer MoS2 with horizontally oriented layers. In contrast, for vertically aligned MoS2 layers, DIP molecules are arranged in a standing-up manner.
Benchmark and performance of long-range corrected time-dependent density functional tight binding (LC-TD-DFTB) on rhodopsins and light-harvesting complexes
Authors: Bold Beatrix M. , Sokolov Monja , Maity Sayan , Wanko Marius , Dohmen Philipp M. , Kranz Julian J. , Kleinekathöfer Ulrich , Höfener Sebastian , Elstner Marcus
Published: January 2020

In the present work, we perform a benchmark study on both the isolated chromophores retinal and BChl a as well as on the biological systems, to determine the accuracy of LC-TD-DFT and LC-TD-DFTB for describing color-tuning effects.
Anomalous magnetic properties in LaFe11.5Al1.5
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Ahmad Faizan , Singh Ankit , Patel Akhilesh Kumar , Kumar Pramod
Published: January 2020

We report the magnetic relaxation, DC magnetization, heat capacity, and X-ray powder diffraction studies of a melt-spun LaFe11.5Al1.5 compound executed across a temperature range of 5 to 300 K.
A redox interaction-engaged strategy for multicomponent nanomaterials
Authors: Wang Xiao , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: January 2020

The review article focuses on the redox interaction-engaged strategy that offers a powerful way to construct multicomponent nanomaterials with precisely-controlled size, shape, composition and hybridization of nanostructures.
Routes of iron entry into, and exit from, the catalytic ferroxidase sites of the prokaryotic ferritin SynFtn
Authors: Bradley Justin M. , Pullin Jacob , Moore Geoffrey R. , Svistunenko Dimitri A. , Hemmings Andrew M. , Le Brun Nick E.
Published: January 2020

This work describes the identification of two residues, D137 and E62, that are critical for, respectively, the transport of Fe2+ into, and Fe3+ out of, the catalytic sites of a prokaryotic ferritin.
Mechanochemical synthesis of amorphous and crystalline Na2P2S6 – elucidation of local structural changes by X-ray total scattering and NMR
Authors: Fritsch Charlotte , Hansen Anna-Lena , Indris Sylvio , Knapp Michael , Ehrenberg Helmut
Published: January 2020

Na2P2S6 was synthesized in an amorphous and crystalline state and the molecular structure of the two is significantly different.
The salt-free nickel-catalysed α-allylation reaction of ketones with allyl alcohol and diallylether
Authors: Mouhsine Bouchaib , Karim Abdallah , Dumont Clément , Sauthier Mathieu
Published: January 2020

The alpha-allylation of ketones will allyl alcohol was performed thanks to the use of nickel-based catalysts. No base nor additive needed!
An excellent anode renders protic ionic liquids sustainable in metal electrodeposition
Authors: Chen Yi-Ting , Chen Hsing-Yin , Chien Yu-Shan , Chuang Min-Chieh , Chen Po-Yu
Published: January 2020

The decomposition of ionic liquids at the anode during metal electrodeposition is substituted by the OER to extend the lives of ionic liquids.
Fully automated platelet isolation on a centrifugal microfluidic device for molecular diagnostics
Authors: Kim Chi-Ju , Ki Dong Yeob , Park Juhee , Sunkara Vijaya , Kim Tae-Hyeong , Min YooHong , Cho Yoon-Kyoung
Published: January 2020

A fully automated lab-on-a-disc for platelet isolation from whole blood with high yields and purity and lower activation is presented.
meta-Substituted benzenesulfonamide: a potent scaffold for the development of metallo-β-lactamase ImiS inhibitors
Authors: Liu Ya , Chen Cheng , Sun Le-Yun , Gao Han , Zhen Jian-Bin , Yang Ke-Wu
Published: January 2020

Meta-substituted benzenesulfonamides specifically inhibit metallo-β-lactamase ImiS with an IC50 value ranging from 0.11 to 0.86 μM.
Cyclic boronates as versatile scaffolds for KPC-2 β-lactamase inhibition
Authors: Tooke Catherine L. , Hinchliffe Philip , Krajnc Alen , Mulholland Adrian J. , Brem Jürgen , Schofield Christopher J. , Spencer James
Published: January 2020

Mono- (vaborbactam) and bi-cyclic (taniborbactam) boronate inhibitors bind KPC-2 similarly, but the latter is essentially irreversible.
Transparent conductive oxides in photoanodes for solar water oxidation
Authors: Fang Yuanxing , Commandeur Daniel , Lee Wei Cheat , Chen Qiao
Published: January 2020

Rational designs of the conductive layer below photocatalytic films determine the efficiency of a photoanode for solar water oxidation.
Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of benzene over nanocrystalline Cu–Mn composite oxides by facile sol–gel synthesis
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Weiman , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhao Feng , Wang Dongdong , Zha Xicuo , Li Shuangde , Liu Haidi , Chen Yunfa
Published: January 2020

We prepare a series of nanocrystalline copper–manganese oxides by a facile citric acid sol–gel method, and test their activities for catalytic oxidation of benzene.
A pre-formulation strategy for the liposome encapsulation of new thioctic acid conjugates for enhanced chemical stability and use as an efficient drug carrier for MPO-mediated atherosclerotic CVD treatment
Authors: Jayaraj Premkumar , Shavi Gopal Venkatesh , Srinivasan Ananda Kumar , Raghavendra Ramesh , Sivaramakrishna Akella , Desikan Rajagopal
Published: January 2020

Lipoyl-apocynin and lipoyl-sesamol are bio-active conjugates of thioctic acid, synthesized using a benign chemical approachviathe combination of thioctic acid and the powerful bio-phytonutrients, apocynin and sesamol, respectively.
Synthesis of 1,6-disubstituted pyrene-based conjugated microporous polymers for reversible adsorption and fluorescence sensing of iodine
Authors: Geng Tong-Mou , Zhang Can , Hu Chen , Liu Min , Fei Ya-Ting , Xia Hong-Yu
Published: January 2020

Four 1,6-disubstituted pyrene-based fluorescent conjugated microporous polymers were synthesized by Sonogashira–Hagihara reaction, trimerization reaction of –CN, and Friedel–Crafts reaction, respectively, which can efficient capture and sense I2.
Slow magnetic relaxation in O–Se–O bridged manganese(iii) Schiff base complexes
Authors: Zhang Shao-Liang , Li Shan-Shan , Zeng Su-Yuan , Shi Yang , Wang Da-Qi , Chen Lei
Published: January 2020

Two new chain complexes consisting of a Mn(salen) building block bridged by O–Se–O units, [Mn2(salen)2(L)](ClO4) (1) and {[Mn(salen)]2(L)2}·Y (2) (salen =N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-ethylenediamine, L = 3,4,5-trifluorobenzeneseleninic acid, Y = salicylaldehyde) have been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically.
Excellent adsorption–photocatalysis synergistic activity of 3D–3D flower-like BiOBr/graphene hydrogel composite and the removal of potassium butyl xanthate
Authors: Chang Liangliang , Pu Yongping , Shen Guodong , Cui Yongfei , Wei Xiaohong , Cao Baoyue , Yu Yan , Xu Shan
Published: January 2020

Removal of potassium butyl xanthate by separation over a free 3D BiOBr/graphene hydrogel composite through an adsorption–photocatalysis synergy.
Electronic properties modulation of tetraoxidothieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based quinoidal compounds by terminal fluorination
Authors: Gao Ruiheng , Wu Botao , Liang Ziqi , Zhao Xuxia , Deng Yunfeng , Tian HongKun , Geng Yanhou
Published: January 2020

The electronic properties of IDOTT could be finely modulated via terminal fluorination.
Chemical looping hydrogen storage and production: use of binary ferrite-spinel as oxygen carrier materials
Authors: Li Min , Qiu Yu , Ma Li , Cui Dongxu , Zhang Shuai , Zeng Dewang , Xiao Rui
Published: January 2020

Co0.25Fe2.75O4 exhibits a high reduction level and reversibility of phase changes, which benefits the hydrogen storage capacity at intermediate temperatures.
Hierarchical nanoarchitectured hybrid electrodes based on ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets on 3D ordered macroporous carbon frameworks for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yuanlin , Wang Nana , Zhao Xunhua , Fang Zhiwei , Zhang Xiao , Liu Yuanyue , Bai Zhongchao , Dou Shixue , Yu Guihua
Published: January 2020

3DOM MoSe2@C constructed by ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets strongly binging on 3DOM carbon skeleton exerts high energy and power density for sodium-ion batteries.
RirA of Dinoroseobacter shibae senses iron via a [3Fe–4S]1+ cluster co-ordinated by three cysteine residues
Authors: Behringer Maren , Plötzky Lisa , Baabe Dirk , Zaretzke Marc-Kevin , Schweyen Peter , Bröring Martin , Jahn Dieter , Härtig Elisabeth
Published: January 2020

In the marine bacterium, Dinoroseobacter shibae the transcription factor rhizobial iron regulator A (RirA) is involved in the adaptation to iron-limited growth conditions. In vitro iron and sulfide content determinations in combination with UV/Vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analyses using anaerobically purified, recombinant RirA protein suggested a [3Fe–4S]1+ cluster as a cofactor. In vivo Mössbauer spectroscopy also corroborated the presence of a [3Fe–4S]1+ cluster in RirA. Moreover, the cluster was found to be redox stable. Three out of four highly conserved cysteine residues of RirA (Cys 91, Cys 99, Cys 105) were found essential for the [3Fe–4S]1+ cluster coordination. The dimeric structure of the RirA protein was independent of the presence of the [3Fe–4S]1+ cluster. Electro mobility shift assays demonstrated the essential role of an intact [3Fe–4S]1+ cluster for promoter binding by RirA. The DNA binding site was identified by DNase I footprinting. Mutagenesis studies in combination with DNA binding assays confirmed the promoter binding site as 3′-TTAAN10AATT-5′. This work describes a novel mechanism for the direct sensing of cellular iron levels in bacteria by an iron-responsive transcriptional regulator using the integrity of a redox-inactive [3Fe–4S]1+ cluster, and further contributes to the general understanding of iron regulation in marine bacteria.
Identification of hemicatenane-specific binding proteins by fractionation of HeLa nuclei extracts
Authors: Rouis Oumayma , Broussard Cédric , Guillonneau François , Boulé Jean-Baptiste , Delagoutte Emmanuelle
Published: January 2020

DNA hemicatenanes (HCs) are four-way junctions in which one strand of a double-stranded helix is catenated with one strand of another double-stranded DNA. Frequently mentioned as DNA replication, recombination and repair intermediates, they have been proposed to participate in the spatial organization of chromosomes and in the regulation of gene expression. To explore potential roles of HCs in genome metabolism, we sought to purify proteins capable of binding specifically HCs by fractionating nuclear extracts from HeLa cells. This approach identified three RNA-binding proteins: the Tudor-staphylococcal nuclease domain 1 (SND1) protein and two proteins from the Drosophila behavior human splicing family, the paraspeckle protein component 1 and the splicing factor proline- and glutamine-rich protein. Since these proteins were partially pure after fractionation, truncated forms of these proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. The specificity of their interaction with HCs was re-examined in vitro. The two truncated purified SND1 proteins exhibited specificity for HCs, opening the interesting possibility of a link between the basic transcription machinery and HC structures via SND1.
The influence of iatrogenic atrial septal defect on the prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation between cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Yang Ying , Wu Jinglan , Yao Lixia , Liu Yue , Zhang Chenfeng , You Ling , Yang Jing , Xie Ruiqin
Published: January 2020

Objective: The present study was to compare the incidence of septal defect (SD) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who received radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation.

Methods: A total of 293 AF patients were performed with radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation. Cardiac ultrasonography was performed to calculate left atrial diameter (LAD), left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF%), strain rate (SR), left ventricular systolic (SRs), left ventricular diastolic (SRe), and left atrial systole (SRa) before surgery, 3 months and 1 year after surgery. The patients were followed up to observe statin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) medication, AF recurrence, 6-min walk test, stroke, any symptoms caused by arrhythmia, and re-hospitalization. Results: The levels of LAD and SD were higher, while SRe and SRa were lower in the cryoablation group in the comparison with the radiofrequency ablation group after surgery (P<0.05). LAEF was lower in the cryoablation group than the radiofrequency ablation group after 3 months (P<0.05). After 1-year follow-up, no right-to-left shunt occurred in all patients with SD. The AF recurrence rate in SD group was higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05). The use of statin and the application of ACEI/ARB were protective factors, whereas hypertension, LAD, left atrial operation time, and surgical plan were risk factors. Conclusion: SD affects left atrial function and increases the risk of AF recurrence. Hypertension, LAD, and left atrial operation time are risk factors for SD, whereas statin and ACEI/ARB drugs can reduce SD.
Lessons from cavin-1 deficiency
Authors: Liu Libin
Published: January 2020

Caveolae have been implicated in a wide range of critical physiological functions. In the past decade, the dominant role of cavin-1 in caveolae formation has been established, and it has been recognized as another master regulator for caveolae biology. Human patients with cavin-1 mutations develop lipodystrophy and muscular dystrophy and have some major pathological dysfunctions in fat tissue, skeleton muscle, heart, lung and other organs. Cavin-1 deficiency animal models consistently show similar phenotypes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies have suggested many possible pathways, including mechanosensing, stress response, signal transduction, exosome secretion, and potential functions in the nucleus. Many excellent and comprehensive review articles already exist on the topics of caveolae structure formation, caveolins, and their pathophysiological functions. We will focus on recent studies using cavin-1 deficiency models, to summarize the pathophysiological changes in adipose, muscle, and other organs, followed by a summary of mechanistic studies about the roles of cavin-1, which includes caveolae formation, ribosomal RNA transcription, mechanical sensing, stress response, and exosome secretion. Further studies may help to elucidate the exact underlying molecular mechanism to explain the pathological changes observed in cavin-1 deficient human patients and animal models, so potential new therapeutic strategies can be developed.
Transcriptome sequencing of circular RNA reveals a novel circular RNA-has_circ_0114427 in the regulation of inflammation in acute kidney injury
Authors: Cao Yiling , Mi Xuhua , Zhang Dongmei , Wang Zheng , Zuo Yongdi , Tang Wanxin
Published: January 2020

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common serious syndrome characterized by rapid decrease of glomerular filtration rate and the progressive increase of serum creatinine. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are regulatory RNAs that recently became popular among various diseases. However, the expression profile and function of circRNAs in AKI remain largely unknown. The main function of circRNAs is acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by binding with microRNAs (miRNAs), as indicated by recent research. In the present study, we established cisplatin-induced AKI model in mice and isolated renal tubular tissues to extract circRNAs for next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics analysis. We analyzed the composition, distribution and Gene Ontology terms of circRNAs in cisplatin-induced AKI and revealed differentially expressed circRNAs related to AKI. By finding homologous genes between mouse and human, we identified circRNA- circ-0114427 in humans. We further investigated its function in AKI cell model. Circ-0114427 expression was significantly up-regulated in different AKI cell models. Knockdown of circ-0114427 indicated that circ-0114427 bound to miR-494 as a miRNA sponge to regulate ATF3 expression and further affected the expression of downstream cytokine IL-6. Circ-0114427 regulates inflammatory progression in AKI’s early stage via circ-0114427/miR-494/ATF3 pathway. Our findings reveal the expression profile of circRNAs in cisplatin-induced AKI and provide a novel insight into the regulatory mechanism of circRNAs, which may become a new molecular target resource for early diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Radical rearrangement and transfer reactions in proteins
Authors: Schöneich Christian
Published: January 2020

Radical rearrangement and transfer reactions play an important role in the chemical modifications of proteins in vivo and in vitro. These reactions depend on protein sequence, as well as structure and dynamics. Frequently, these reactions have well-defined precedents in the organic chemistry literature, but their occurrence in proteins provides a stage for a number of novel and, perhaps, unexpected reaction products. This essay will provide an overview over a few representative examples of radical rearrangement and transfer reactions.
80 GS/s 5.5 ENOB time‐interleaved inverter‐based CMOS track‐and‐hold
Authors: Mattia O.E. , Murmann B.
Published: January 2020

An inverter‐based track‐and‐hold circuit that merges the functions of buffering and sampling is proposed, simultaneously improving linearity, bandwidth and power efficiency when compared to state‐of‐the‐art designs. The circuit operation and its governing equations are presented, and simulation results of an 80 GS/s, 5.5 ENOB time‐interleaved prototype consuming 25 mW from a 0.7 V supply demonstrate the advantages of the proposed topology using a predictive 7 nm FinFET CMOS technology.
Interference cancellation in HetNet uplink with and without MU‐CSIR: a subspace‐based approach
Authors: Najlah C. P. , Sameer S. M.
Published: January 2020

One of the prime concerns regarding multi‐tier architecture in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is the interference between users in macrocells and femtocells. Interference mitigation (IM) in femtocells is of critical importance due to high power interfering signals from macrocells. However, such IM techniques generally demand intensive signalling overhead that adversely affect the benefits of multi‐tier network architecture. A novel interference cancellation technique with very low signalling overhead that does not require global channel state information at the transmitter is proposed in this study for the uplink of HetNets. The proposed subspace nulling (SN)‐based method projects the composite received signal onto the intersection space of the left null space of the interfering space and the row space of desired space to cancel the cross‐tier interference. This is achieved both in the presence and absence of macrocell user channel state information at receiver (MU‐CSIR). The authors also propose a low complexity subspace method that works with the knowledge of MU‐CSIR. Exhaustive simulation studies show that the proposed schemes fully cancel the cross‐tier interference in femtocell tier resulting in better bit error rate performance for the FU receiver.
Joint energy allocation and multiuser scheduling in SWIPT systems with energy harvesting
Authors: Guo Delin , Tang Lan , Zhang Xinggan
Published: January 2020

The utilisation and transfer of renewable energy and grid energy in the downlink of multiuser communication systems is studied. In the considered multiuser system, the base station (BS) is powered by both harvested energy and grid. When the BS transmits data to one user terminal, other terminals can replenish energy opportunistically from received radio‐frequency signals, which is called simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). The objective is to maximise the average throughput by multiuser scheduling and energy allocation utilising imperfect causal channel state information while satisfying the requirement for harvested energy and the average power constraint of the grid. With channel dynamics and energy arrival modelled as Markov processes, the authors characterise the problem as a Markov decision process (MDP). The standard reinforcement learning framework is considered as an effective solution to MDP. If the transition probability of MDP is known, the policy iteration (PI) algorithm is used to solve the problem; otherwise, the R‐learning algorithm is adopted. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the average throughput of the system and increase the energy harvested by idle user terminals compared with existing works. Also, R‐learning can achieve performance close to the PI algorithm under the condition that the channel transition probability is unknown.
Power maximisation technique for generating secret keys by exploiting physical layer security in wireless communication
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Waqas Muhammad , Tu Shanshan , Ur Rehman Sadaqat , Soua Ridha , Ur Rehman Obaid , Anwar Sajid , Zhao Wei
Published: January 2020

The intrinsic broadcast nature of wireless communication let the attackers to initiate several passive attacks such as eavesdropping. In this attack, the attackers do not disturb/stop or interrupt the communication channel, but it will silently steal the information between authentic users. For this purpose, physical layer security (PLS) is one of the promising methodologies to secure wireless transmissions from eavesdroppers. However, PLS is further divided into keyless security and secret key‐based security. The keyless security is not practically implemented because it requires full/part of instantaneous/statistical channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdroppers. Alternatively, key‐based security is exploiting the randomness and reciprocity of wireless channels that do not require any CSI from an eavesdropper. The secret key‐based security is due to the unpredictability of wireless channels between two users. However, the secret key‐based security mainly on two basic parameters, i.e. coherence time and transmission power. Nevertheless, the wireless channel between users has a short coherence time, and it will provide shorter keys' length due to which eavesdropper can easily extract keys between communicating parties. To overcome this limitation, we proposed the power allocation scheme to improve the secret key generation rate (SKGR) to strengthen the security between authentic users.
Linear vernier machine wave converter modelling and analysis by MEC
Authors: Naderi Peyman , Sharouni Sahar , Moradzadeh Mohammad
Published: January 2020

This study presents a novel technique for modelling of linear primary permanent‐magnet (PM) vernier machine wave converter based on an improved magnetic‐equivalent‐circuit (MEC) method. Saturation effect is considered by a new method, where the B–H curve fitting is performed using a novel non‐linear function. The machine properties such as the number of PMs, number of slots, magnets size, and all other machine parameters can be selected arbitrarily in the proposed model. The machine structure is considered by 12 individual zones. Each of the flux tubes in core and air gaps is modelled by a non‐linear reluctance, and the machine performances in both transient and steady‐state conditions are studied. Various machine properties such as magnets size and winding configuration are analysed and the dynamic behaviour is compared in various cases. Comparison to finite‐element method (FEM) shows the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed MEC method and its much shorter processing time compared with FEM.
Analytical calculation of magnetic field of bearingless flux‐switching permanent‐magnet machine based on doubly‐salient relative permeance method
Authors: Zhou Yangzhong , Wu Xin
Published: January 2020

A doubly‐salient relative permeance method is presented herein to predict the magnetic field of bearingless flux‐switching permanent‐magnet machines (BFSPMMs). Firstly, the subdomain model method is used to compute the magnetic field of slotless BFSPMMs. Then, the slotting effect of the stator and rotor is obtained by the doubly‐salient relative permeance method. By combining the two above, the air‐gap magnetic field of slotted BFSPMMs can be obtained. The doubly‐salient relative permeance method is based on the theory of the subdomain model method. The whole doubly‐salient structure is divided into several subdomains, and the Laplace equations for subdomains are established. Then, according to the boundary conditions between subdomains and the core, and the continuity conditions between adjacent subdomains, the equations are solved to calculate the slotting effect. Based on the proposed analytical model, the flux density and electromagnetic performances including back‐electromotive force (EMF), torque, and suspension force are predicted and compared with the finite element method results. Furthermore, the back‐EMF of the prototype motor is measured and the suspension experiments are carried out based on the analytical method. The comparison results and experiment results verify the validity of the analytical method.
Robust multi‐objective vehicle routing problem with time windows for hazardous materials transportation
Authors: Men Jinkun , Jiang Peng , Xu Huan , Zheng Song , Kong Yaguang , Hou Pingzhi , Wu Feng
Published: January 2020

This work focuses on a hazardous material (HazMat) vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). Given the multi‐objective and uncertainty natures of HazMat transportation, a multi‐objective robust VRPTW (MO‐RVRPTW) model is proposed, which simultaneously optimise both the number of vehicles and the uncertain transportation risk. An uncertain set containing 32 potential incident scenarios is constructed to model the uncertain parameter. To handle the uncertain multi‐objective problem (MOP), this work develops two versions of robust criterion to transform the MO‐RVRPTW to its robust counterpart. A hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA) is designed to solve the robust counterpart, which integrates a push forward insertion heuristic for initial population construction, a route exchange crossover operator and a multi‐component mutation (MCM) operator for generating the better offspring. The MCM is based on three basic local search operators and employs a sequential‐move mechanism to improve the effectiveness of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm is tested on classical Solomon instances. Experiment results show that HEA is competitive in terms of convergence and diversity. A deterministic case is employed to justify the proposed robust criterion. In most cases, they can provide a set of robust non‐dominated solutions with respect to both pareto optimality and robust optimality.
Comparative study of sensorless control of Permanent magnet synchronous motor realised by sliding‐mode observer
Authors: He Wenyun , Wu Xiang , Chen Junlei , Wang Yu
Published: January 2020

In this study, the permanent‐magnet synchronous motor sensorless control systems realised by sliding‐mode observers in stationary αβ and estimated γδ coordinates are systematically studied and compared. First, based on the sufficient condition of sliding‐mode stability, a more reasonable selection method of boundary layer width and sliding‐mode gain is derived, effectively reducing the system chattering. Furthermore, in extracting estimated extended electromotive force, the advantages and disadvantages of the backforward method in the αβ‐axis and the influence of filter cut‐off frequency on estimation error in the γδ‐axis are analysed. Finally, the estimation error, speed range, stability, and the effect of speed error of these two sensorless control systems are analysed and compared. The results indicate that these two systems have equivalent position error above a certain speed, and the γδ‐axis estimation system has a larger position error in low‐speed range, but still operating well. Moreover, the γδ‐axis estimation algorithm has better stability and wider‐speed range. Owing to the fast track of phase‐locked loop, the effect of speed error on estimation accuracy of the γδ‐axis system can be neglected. Simulation and experiment verified the theoretical analysis and comparison.
Doppler‐based navigation for mobile protection system of strategic maritime facilities in GNSS jamming and spoofing conditions
Authors: Ziółkowski Cezary , Kelner Jan M.
Published: January 2020

The use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to protect strategic maritime facilities is one of the directions of development of state security systems. The reliable operation of these devices depends on the immunity of their navigation system to targeted interference. This study presents the concept of an autonomous navigation system for the USV. The Doppler effect, which occurs in signals received from radio beacons with known coordinates of position, is the basis for its operation. Analytic expressions that describe the relationship between the coordinates of the current USV position and the frequency Doppler shift of the received signals are presented in this study. The evaluation of the effectiveness of this system is based on simulation tests for the selected research scenario. The navigation error along the entire trajectory of the USV motion is adopted as a measure for this assessment. Obtained results show the possibility of the practical application of the developed navigation procedure.
Accuracy improvement in amplitude comparison‐based passive direction finding systems by adaptive squint selection
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Faisal , Khalid Zubair , Zahid Muhammad , Abdullah Asim
Published: January 2020

The direction of arrival (DOA) is one of the most important parameters measured by electronic warfare systems. Monopulse direction finding techniques based on amplitude comparison have many advantages because of their simplicity but they generally have limited accuracy. There are many sources of error in such a system. This work focuses on improving the noise error. An algorithm is proposed for error reduction in amplitude comparison‐based direction finding systems. The algorithm, based on signal level and DOA, adaptively utilises either adjacent or alternate antennas for the DOA measurement. No additional hardware is required for the implementation of this algorithm. A prototype system is developed using spiral antennas and the performance of the proposed technique is compared against traditional ratio‐based and correlation‐based amplitude comparison schemes. Simulations and laboratory experiments show that the DOA accuracy can be improved by an average of 36 and 21% as compared to the ratio‐based and correlation‐based methods, respectively.
Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance of Water Hyacinth Derived Porous Non-precious Electrocatalyst in Alkaline Media
Authors: Ketpang Kriangsak , Prathum Jenkamol , Juprasat Punnarut , Junla Wararak , Wichianwat Kittisak , Saejio Apichat , Poompipatpong Chedthawut , Chanunpanich Noppavan
Published: January 2020

This research studied the possibility of converting water hyacinth biomass into the porous non-precious oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst using a simple, low cost and scalable autogenic pressure method. The electrocatalyst was prepared by thermally annealing water hyacinth root contained ZnCl2 at 700oC under autogenic pressure conditions. The phase of the catalyst was the mixture of carbon and metal oxide. In addition, rough surface morphology and high porosity were clearly observed using scanning electron microscope. The synthesized catalyst was then determined the ORR performance by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) techniques under O2 saturated KOH solution. The ORR performance increased as the catalyst loading was increased and the optimum catalyst loading was found to be 1.5 mg/cm2 which generated the Eonset and E1/2 value of 0.93 V and 0.80 V vs. RHE, respectively. Furthermore, the E1/2 value of the synthesized catalyst was 230 and 130 mV greater than the catalyst synthesized without ZnCl2 and commercial carbon (VXC-72R). ORR durability study suggested that the prepared catalyst was durable to operate ORR for 5000 cycles in alkaline media. These results suggested that the autogenic pressure conditions would be a promising technique to prepare highly active and durable biomass derived ORR electrocatalyst.
Performance and Ethanol Crossover of Passive Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell Stack
Authors: Ekdharmasuit Panuwat
Published: January 2020

A dual-cell passive direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) stack with single ethanol tank was designed and tested to obtain the voltage requirement of electronics and to reduce weight and volume for practical applications. Ethanol crossover and cell performance were determined at different ethanol feed concentrations. Characterization techniques were used, including a cell polarization tests, a long-term steady voltage discharging measurement, and an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that, before long-term steady voltage test, the optimum ethanol feed concentration was 2 M. The ethanol crossover increases with ethanol concentration increment over 2 M and the ethanol crossover exhibited a negative effect on the open circuit voltage (OCV) and the cell performance. However, after a long-term steady voltage test, the best ethanol feed concentration was changed to 3 M. It was due to the difference of current density discharged during long-term operation. It can also be found that, after long-term steady voltage test, the cell resistance was apparently reduced. It may be explained that the mass transport of both liquid fuel and air as a reactant in the cell structure reached equilibrium during long-term operation.
Antioxidant Activities ofCentella asiaticaExtract-loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles in Simulated Gastrointestinal System Study
Authors: Kesornbuakao Kittiya , Chanapongpisan Patteera , Sriariyanun Malinee , Lindayani Ir. , Yasurin Patchanee
Published: January 2020

Bioavailability of active compounds extracted from herbs is generally limited to be adsorbed or expressed to target organisms due to several physical and chemical factors. Nanoparticle encapsulation techniques was developed to carry bioactive macromolecules ofCentella asiatica(Buabok) in the form ofC. asiaticaExtract-loaded Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles (CBNPs) to improve bioavailability. In this study, the antioxidant activities of CBNPs andC. asiaticacrude extract were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging assay in the simulated gastrointestinal system, including mastication, stomach, duodenum, and ileum conditions to provide the environment which similar toin vivosystem in terms of chemical and physical parameters. CBNPs were prepared by mixing ofC. asiaticacrude extract and BSA at different ratio of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The results showed that the highest antioxidant activity of CBNP was observed when the ratio of crude extract and BSA at 1:2 was used at pH 2.0 or in the simulated stomach condition. The denaturation or unfolding of BSA in the simulated stomach occurred when pH was low could lead to the release of active compounds at certain area in gastrointestinal system.