bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Single-, double-, and triple-atom catalysts on graphene-like C2N enable electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction: insight from first principles
Authors: Zhang Jin , An Wei
Published: October 2022

Correction for ‘Single-, double-, and triple-atom catalysts on graphene-like C2N enable electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction: insight from first principles’ by Jin Zhang et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2022, 12, 2604–2617, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CY02254G.
Mechanistic inference on the roles of oxygenic functional groups that activate peroxymonosulfates in graphene for advanced oxidation
Authors: Zhou Xuechun , Wan Gengping , Zhao Guoqing , Zhou Maofan , Wang Guizhen
Published: October 2022

Developing carbon-based catalysts for advanced oxidation processes, owing to their abundant reserves, metal-free properties as well as great resistance to acids and alkalis, presents an enticing prospect for environmental remediation.
A trade-off between ligand and strain effects optimizes the oxygen reduction activity of Pt alloys
Authors: Kluge Regina M. , Haid Richard W. , Riss Alexander , Bao Yang , Seufert Knud , Schmidt Thorsten O. , Watzele Sebastian A. , Barth Johannes V. , Allegretti Francesco , Auwärter Willi , Calle-Vallejo Federico , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: October 2022

To optimize the performance of catalytic materials, it is paramount to elucidate the dependence of the chemical reactivity on the atomic arrangement of the catalyst surface.
Molecular composition determines the adsorption behaviors of loosely- and tightly-bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 on hematite nanoparticles
Authors: Zou Mingzhao , Wu Yichao , Qu Chenchen , Wang Dengjun , Liu Jun , Huang Qiaoyun , Cai Peng
Published: October 2022

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the surface of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) play a crucial role in bacterial colonization and iron bioreduction.
Viscosity-aided electromechanical poration of cells for transfecting molecules
Authors: Huang Wenjing , Sakuma Shinya , Tottori Naotomo , Sugano Shigeo S. , Yamanishi Yoko
Published: October 2022

Electrically induced microbubbles oscillate in the concentrated cell suspension with high viscosity. Electromechanical poration achieves gene delivery by harmonizing intended mechanical stimulation and cellular response.
On the melting point depression, coalescence, and chemical ordering of bimetallic nanoparticles: the miscible Ni–Pt system
Authors: Toulkeridou Evropi , Kioseoglou Joseph , Grammatikopoulos Panagiotis
Published: October 2022

We elucidate the coalescence mechanisms of miscible binary nanoparticles based on their nanophase diagrams to inspire their tailored gas-phase synthesis.
Multiplexed molecular imaging with surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanoprobes reveals immunotherapy response in mice via multichannel image segmentation
Authors: Andreou Chrysafis , Plakas Konstantinos , Berisha Naxhije , Gigoux Mathieu , Rosch Lauren E. , Mirsafavi Rustin , Oseledchyk Anton , Pal Suchetan , Zamarin Dmitriy , Merghoub Taha , Detty Michael R. , Kircher Moritz F.
Published: October 2022

Multiplexed imaging of 8 molecular targets with SERS nanoprobes in mice reveals spatially heterogeneous tumor responses to immunotherapy. Multichannel image segmentation enables classification of the tumor regions into responders and naïve.
FeII, CoII and NiII complexes based on 1-chloro-3-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine: synthesis, structures, single-molecule magnetic and electrocatalytic properties
Authors: Zhang Xiamei , He Chengying , Yang Xiaohan , Zhang Qian , Li Yahong , Yao Jinlei
Published: October 2022

Three complexes [Fe2(L)2Cl4] (1), [Co2(L)2Cl4] (2) and [Ni(L)2Cl2]·CH2Cl2 (3) were synthesized and characterized. Complex 1 exhibits a slow magnetic relaxation behaviour. Complexes 1–3 are catalytically active toward the OER.
Unraveling the photocatalytic electron transfer mechanism in a Ti-MOF/g-C3N4 heterojunction for high-efficient coupling performance of primary amines
Authors: Qiu Ping , Liao Xiaoyuan , Jiang Yan , Yao Yue , Shi Lei , Lu Shuxiang , Li Zhen
Published: October 2022

An efficient Ti-MOF/g-C3N4 hetero-structure was prepared for the photocatalytic coupling of benzylamine under irradiation with 88% imine yield in 3 h.
Co-doping of tellurium with bismuth enhances stability and photoluminescence quantum yield of Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Shixun , Shi Ran , Tang Bing , Xiong Yuan , Portniagin Arsenii , Zhao Xin , Kershaw Stephen V. , Long Run , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: October 2022

The Bi3+ and Te4+ co-doping strategy and in situ growth regulation via external oxygen vacancies were applied to Cs2AgInCl6 nanocrystals, resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 34%, as a consequence of restrained Ag/In vacancies.
Large optical anisotropy differentiation induced by the anion-directed regulation of structures
Authors: Dong Xuehua , Long Ying , Huang Ling , Cao Liling , Gao Daojiang , Bi Jian , Zou Guohong
Published: October 2022

The modulation of optical anisotropy for two novel UV birefringent materials [C(NH2)3]2Sb3F3(HPO3)4and [C(NH2)3]SbFPO4·H2O has been successfully achievedviaanion-directing regulation structures.
Recent advances in Cu-catalyzed carbonylation with CO
Authors: Yan Xinlong , Fan Lin , Zhang Xiangdong , Liu Guodu
Published: October 2022

Transition metal-catalyzed carbonylation has emerged as a powerful and versatile strategy for the efficient construction of complicated carbonyl-containing molecules from simple chemical feedstocks in the past decades.
Rapid mild macrocyclization of depsipeptides under continuous flow: total syntheses of five cyclodepsipeptides
Authors: Liao Jingyuan , Jia Xuelei , Wu Fusong , Huang Junrong , Shen Guifu , You Hengzhi , Chen Fen-Er
Published: October 2022

A systematic investigation of the flow macrocyclization approaches for five destruxin analogues natural products at three different cyclization point has been reported.
Highly selective α-aryloxyalkyl C–H functionalisation of aryl alkyl ethers
Authors: Bell Jonathan D. , Robb Iain , Murphy John A.
Published: October 2022

We report highly selective photocatalytic functionalisations of alkyl groups in aryl alkyl ethers with a range of electron-poor alkenes using an acridinium catalyst with a phosphate base and irradiation with visible light (456 nm or 390 nm).
Syntheses, homeomorphic and configurational isomerizations, and structures of macrocyclic aliphatic dibridgehead diphosphines; molecules that turn themselves inside out
Authors: Zhu Yun , Stollenz Michael , Zarcone Samuel R. , Kharel Sugam , Joshi Hemant , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Reibenspies Joseph H. , Gladysz John A.
Published: October 2022

It’s not a magic trick. Molecules can turn themselves inside out, just like articles of clothing or other familiar household objects. This behavior is demonstrated for the title compounds through a combination of synthesis, rate, and NMR studies.
Molecular and structural impacts of fungal depolymerization of corn stover to reduce pretreatment severity
Authors: Wendt Lynn M. , Wahlen Bradley D. , Groenewold Gary S. , Hodges Brittany D. M. , Pilgrim Corey , Walton Michelle R. , Murphy J. Austin , Smith William A. , Zhao Haiyan
Published: October 2022

Exploring the reduction of recalcitrance in lignocellulosic feedstocks using fungal-induced degradation and associated impacts in molecular structure.
Supercapacitor and highkproperties of CNT–PbS reinforced quinoxaline amine based polybenzoxazine composites
Authors: Selvaraj Kumar , Arumugam Hariharan , Muthukaruppan Alagar , Kannaiyan Sathish Kumar , Krishnan Srinivasan , Peethambaram Prabukanthan , Magaraphan Rathanawan , Kannaiyan Dinakaran
Published: October 2022

The new 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-6-amine based benzoxazine was synthesized and their CNT–PbS composites were applied for supercapacitor electrode.
Polymer solution structure and dynamics within pores of hexagonally close-packed nanoparticles
Authors: Heil Christian M. , Jayaraman Arthi
Published: October 2022

We perform coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to understand structure and dynamics of polymer solutions under confinement within hexagonal close packed nanoparticles with radii much larger than the polymer chain’s bulk radius of gyration.
Shear-induced birefringence in an optically isotropic cubic liquid crystalline phase
Authors: Eremin Alexey , Murad Ahmad , Alaasar Mohamed
Published: October 2022

We demonstrate thresholdless flow-induced birefringence in a liquid crystal isotropic phase made of low-molecular-weight swallow-tail polycatenar mesogens. The induced birefringence is comparable with that observed in polymeric systems.
Mechanical response of networks formed by end-functionalised spherical polymer grafted nanoparticles
Authors: Phukan Monmee , Haritha Pindi , Roy Talem Rebeda , Iyer Balaji V. S.
Published: October 2022

Via computer simulations we examine the mechanical response of networks composed of spherical nanoparticles with varying number of polymer chains grafted onto their surface.
Very strong interaction between FeN4 and titanium carbide for durable 4-electron oxygen reduction reaction suppressing catalyst deactivation by peroxide
Authors: Lee Yeongdae , Ahn Jang Hyuk , Jang Haeseong , Lee Jisu , Yoon Subhin , Lee Dong-Gyu , Kim Min Gyu , Lee Jun Hee , Song Hyun-Kon
Published: October 2022

Very strong catalyst–support interaction was realized by supporting FePc with Ti3C2, encouraging biased electron transfer to Fe. 4e ORR activity was improved to suppress peroxide production and therefore to have ORR durability guaranteed.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance in high-defect SnTe alloys: a significant role of carrier scattering
Authors: Zhang Fujie , Zhao Xuanwei , Li Ruiheng , He Shan , Tan Xiaobo , Zhu Jianglong , Ang Ran
Published: October 2022

The synergistic effect of band convergence and lattice disorder optimizes SnTe electron–phonon transport. The alloy scattering and ionized impurity scattering are important for heavily defective materials.
Bioinspired porphyrin–peptide supramolecular assemblies and their applications
Authors: Wei Hao , Min Jiwei , Wang Yuefei , Shen Yuhe , Du Yaohui , Su Rongxin , Qi Wei
Published: October 2022

This paper summarizes the different assembly strategies adopted in recent years, the effects of driving forces on self-assembly, and the application of porphyrin–peptides, and briefly discusses the challenges and prospects for future research.
Biocompatible, bacteria-targeting resveratrol nanoparticles fabricated by Mannich molecular condensation for accelerating infected wound healing
Authors: Tang Liwen , Chen Xiangyu , Tong Qiulan , Ran Yaqin , Ma Lei , Tan Yunfei , Yi Zeng , Li Xudong
Published: October 2022

Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and targeted antibacterial resveratrol nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels (Res NPs/Gel) accelerate infected wound healing.
Highly stretchable, self-healing elastomer hydrogel with universal adhesion driven by reversible cross-links and protein enhancement
Authors: Lei Kun , Chen Meijun , Wang Xinling , Gao Jingpi , Zhang Jianbo , Li Guangda , Bao Jianfeng , Li Zhao , Li Jinghua
Published: October 2022

A multifunctional hydrogel comprising covalent reversibly cross-linked PHEMAA and available deformable casein micelles was developed integrating high stretchability, toughness, low hysteresis, self-healing and adhesion into a system simultaneously.
ACGAN: Age‐compensated makeup transfer based on homologous continuity generative adversarial network model
Authors: Wu Guoqiang , He Feng , Zhou Yuan , Jing Yimai , Ning Xin , Wang Chen , Jin Bo
Published: October 2022

The authors focus on the makeup transformation problem, which refers to the transfer of makeup from a reference face to a source face image while maintaining the source makeup‐free face image. In recent years, makeup transformation has become a hot issue and a lot of research has been conducted on this basis, but there are some limitations in the existing methods, mainly due to the lack of consideration of age factor, which makes the final generated face makeup images appear not natural and lack appearance attractiveness. In order to further solve this problem, an age‐compensated makeup transformation framework based on homology continuity is proposed. In order to achieve a stable and controllable age‐compensation effect, the authors design a new coding module that can map the face makeup semantic vector into the higher feature space and achieve age compensation by adjusting the direction of the semantic vector. Finally, in order to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the authors’ proposed method, a large number of qualitative and quantitative experiments have been conducted, and the experimental results show that the authors’ proposed framework outperforms existing methods.
Decay‐like fracture diagnosis of composite insulator based on small sample virtual expansion and radar graph mapping
Authors: Shang Ben , Fan Youping , Zhang Yuqing , Yang Lei , Wang Zijiang , Zhang Yating , Zeng Zian , Guo Jianyi
Published: October 2022

Due to the complexity of test procedures and the high cost of measurements, the mechanism of the decay‐like fracture is unclear, which brings hard concepts and the small sample problem. Therefore, it is intractable to establish accurate data‐driven models. To solve the above mentioned problems, this paper proposes a data‐driven modeling method based on radar graph mapping models and virtual sample generation (Radar‐VSG). The main idea of the proposed method is to construct and select the most appropriate input features by using radar graph mapping, and to generate virtual samples by using the local outlier factor based on the isometric feature mapping algorithm (Isomap‐LOF). To verify the effectiveness of our approach, a set of 27 training samples and 127 testing samples from China Southern Power Grid was applied. Experimental results suggested the accuracy was up to 100% after adding more than 27 virtual samples, with a 4.75% improvement. And the model has the best generalisation ability for 270 virtual samples, with the root mean square error of 0.018. Compared with support vector machine and four advanced VSG methods, the proposed Radar‐VSG can achieve better performance.
Chemistry and dynamics of the prestellar core L1544
Authors: Sipilä O. , Caselli P. , Redaelli E. , Spezzano S.
Published: October 2022

We aim to quantify the effect of chemistry on the infall velocity in the prestellar core L1544. Previous observational studies have found evidence for double-peaked line profiles for the rotational transitions of several molecules, which cannot be accounted for with the models presently available for the physical structure of the source, without ad hoc up-scaling of the infall velocity. We ran one-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of the collapse of a core with L1544-like properties (in terms of mass and outer radius), using a state-of-the-art chemical model with a very large chemical network combined with an extensive description of molecular line cooling, determined via radiative transfer simulations, with the aim of determining whether these expansions of the simulation setup (as compared to previous models) can lead to a higher infall velocity. After running a series of simulations where the simulation was sequentially simplified, we found that the infall velocity is almost independent of the size of the chemical network or the approach to line cooling. We conclude that chemical evolution does not have a large impact on the infall velocity, and that the higher infall velocities that are implied by observations may be the result of the core being more dynamically evolved than what is now thought, or alternatively the average density in the simulated core is too low. However, chemistry does have a large influence on the lifetime of the core, which varies by about a factor of two across the simulations and grows longer when the chemical network is simplified. Therefore, although the model is subject to several sources of uncertainties, the present results clearly indicate that the use of a small chemical network leads to an incorrect estimate of the core lifetime, which is naturally a critical parameter for the development of chemical complexity in the precollapse phase.
Non-Gaussian modelling and statistical denoising of Planck dust polarisation full-sky maps using scattering transforms
Authors: Delouis J.-M. , Allys E. , Gauvrit E. , Boulanger F.
Published: October 2022

Scattering transforms have been successfully used to describe dust polarisation for flat-sky images. This paper expands this framework to noisy observations on the sphere with the aim of obtaining denoised Stokes Q and U all-sky maps at 353 GHz, as well as a non-Gaussian model of dust polarisation, from the Planck data. To achieve this goal, we extended the computation of scattering coefficients to the HEALPix pixelation and introduced cross-statistics that allowed us to make use of half-mission maps as well as the correlation between dust temperature and polarisation. Introducing a general framework, we developed an algorithm that uses the scattering statistics to separate dust polarisation from data noise. The separation was validated on mock data before it was applied to the SRoll2Planck maps at Nside = 256. The validation shows that the statistics of the dust emission, including its non-Gaussian properties, are recovered until ℓmax ~ 700, where, at high Galactic latitudes, the dust power is weaker than that of the dust by two orders of magnitude. On scales where the dust power is weaker than one-tenth of the power of the noise, structures in the output maps have comparable statistics, but are not spatially coincident with those of the input maps. Our results on Planck data are significant milestones opening new perspectives for statistical studies of dust polarisation and for the simulation of Galactic polarised foregrounds. The Planck denoised maps are available (see http://sroll20.ias.u-psud.fr/sroll40_353_data.html) together with results from our validation on mock data, which may be used to quantify uncertainties.
An evaluation of different recipes for chromospheric radiative losses in solar flares
Authors: Tian J. , Hong J. , Li Y. , Ding M. D.
Published: October 2022

Context. Radiative losses are an indispensable part of the numerical simulation of flares. Detailed calculations could be computationally expensive, especially in the chromosphere. There have been some approximate recipes for chromospheric radiative losses in flares, yet their feasibility in flare simulations needs further evaluation.

Aims We aim to evaluate the performance of different recipes for chromospheric radiative losses in flare simulations.

Methods. We compared the atmospheric structure and the line profiles in beam-heated flares calculated with detailed radiative losses and the approximate recipes.

Results. Both the Gan & Fang (1990, ApJ, 358, 328; hereafter GF90) and Hong, J., et al. (2022, A&A, 661, A77) recipes provide acceptable total radiative losses compared with the detailed treatment, but there are discrepancies in the different atmospheric layers during the different evolutionary phases, which lead to misestimations of temperature and line intensity. The recipe of GF90 overestimates the coolings in the upper chromosphere greatly when the temperature exceeds 105 K, which also affects the flare evolution and the line asymmetries. Radiative heating in the middle chromosphere only functions in the initial stage and could be safely neglected. However, radiative heating from the Lyman continuum could dominate near the transition region.
TOI-3884 b: A rare 6-REplanet that transits a low-mass star with a giant and likely polar spot
Authors: Almenara J. M. , Bonfils X. , Forveille T. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Ciardi D. R. , Schwarz R. P. , Collins K. A. , Cointepas M. , Lund M. B. , Bouchy F. , Charbonneau D. , Díaz R. F. , Delfosse X. , Kidwell R. C. , Kunimoto M. , Latham D. W. , Lissauer J. J. , Murgas F. , Ricker G. , Seager S. , Vezie M. , Watanabe D.
Published: October 2022

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission identified a deep and asymmetric transit-like signal with a periodicity of 4.5 days orbiting the M4 dwarf star TOI-3884. The signal has been confirmed by follow-up observations collected by the ExTrA facility and Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, which reveal that the transit is chromatic. The light curves are well modelled by a host star having a large polar spot transited by a 6-REplanet. We validate the planet with seeing-limited photometry, high-resolution imaging, and radial velocities. TOI-3884 b, with a radius of 6.00 ± 0.18 RE, is the first sub-Saturn planet transiting a mid-M dwarf. Owing to the host star’s brightness and small size, it has one of the largest transmission spectroscopy metrics for this planet size and becomes a top target for atmospheric characterisation with theJames WebbSpace Telescope and ground-based telescopes.
Oral Cimetidine as an Adjuvant Therapy for Condyloma Acuminata
Authors: Mawardi Prasetyadi , Utami Retno Dwi , Cahyono Aris , Murasmita Alamanda
Published: October 2022

Introduction Condyloma acuminata (CA) is a sexually transmitted
infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), and the recurrence rate is relatively
high. A compromised immune system causes CA recurrence. The primary treatment goal is to
eradicate the warts; however, the immunomodulatory combination therapy might reduce the
recurrence rate, so it might enhance the healing process. Cimetidine is a histamine
H2-receptor antagonist which might indicate immunomodulator activity.

Aim This case report aimed to investigate the effectiveness of
cimetidine as an immunomodulator agent against CA.

Clinical cases Three patients visited dermatology and venerology
outpatient clinic with multiple warts located on the external genital and perianal area. The
examination described there were confluent cauliflower-like nodules. Besides, acetowhite
examination showed positive reactions. Two patients were HIV-positve and one was negative. The
lesions showed clinical improvement in all three patients.

Conclusion Briefly, the cimetidine is effective as an
immunomodulator therapy to enhance the healing process and decrease the risk of CA
recurrences.
Update Reference Charts: Fetal Biometry between the 15th and 42nd
Week of Gestation
Authors: Hirschfeld Nadja , Bormann Eike , Koester Helen Ann , Klockenbusch Walter , Steinhard Johannes , Schmitz Ralf , Kubiak Karol
Published: October 2022

Objectives This study was designed to establish new reference charts for
BPD (biparietal diameter), OFD (occipitofrontal diameter), HC (head
circumference), CM (cisterna magna), TCD (transverse cerebellar diameter), PCV
(posterior cerebral ventricle), AC (abdominal circumference), FL (femur length),
and HL (humerus length) and extend known charts to 42 weeks of gestation. These
new charts were compared to studies carried out by Snijders and Nicolaides, the
INTERGROWTH 21st Project, and the WHO Fetal Growth Charts.

Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional single-center study of
12,972 low-risk pregnancies, biometric data between the 15th and 42nd weeks of
gestation were evaluated. Only one examination per pregnancy was selected for
statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis for the 5th, 50th, and 95th quantile
was performed for each parameter as listed above. Regression models were used to
fit the mean and the SD at each gestational age.

Results Initially the reference curves for BPD, OFD, HC, AC, FL, and HL
show a linear increase, which changes into a cubic increase towards the end of
pregnancy. The results of this study show statistically noticeable differences
from the percentile curves of the studies listed above.

Conclusions The percentile curves in this study differ from the commonly
used ones. The presented standard curves can be used as a reference in prenatal
diagnostics.
Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Inflammation and Oxidative
Stress for Gestational Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Yin , Wang Yan
Published: October 2022

Background Probiotic supplements may benefit to reduce inflammation and
oxidative stress in patients with gestational diabetes, and this meta-analysis
aims to explore the impact of probiotic supplementation on inflammation and
oxidative stress for gestational diabetes.

Methods PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library
databases were systematically searched, and we included randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of a probiotic supplement on inflammation and
oxidative stress in patients with gestational diabetes.

Results Five RCTs were finally included in the meta-analysis. Overall,
compared with control intervention for gestational diabetes, probiotic
supplementation intervention showed significantly reduced CRP
(MD=−1.72; 95% CI=−2.54 to
−0.90; P<0.0001), IL-6 (MD=−0.42; 95%
CI=−0.66 to −0.18; P=0.0005) and MDA
(MD=−0.88; 95% CI=−1.10 to
−0.66; P<0.00001), increased NO (MD=2.42; 95%
CI=0.80 to 4.04; P=0.003) and TAC (SMD=0.86; 95%
CI=0.19 to 1.54; P=0.01), but showed no obvious impact on GSH
(MD=13.73; 95% CI=−35.84 to 63.31;
P=0.59).

Conclusions Probiotic supplementation is effective to alleviate
inflammation and oxidative stress for gestational diabetes.
External Validation of the ACUITY/HORIZON Bleeding Risk Score among Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Thai PCI Registry
Authors: Roongsangmanoon Worawut , Chichareon Ply , Angkananard Teeranan , Suwannasom Pannipa , Chandavimol Mann , Limpijankit Thosaphol , Srimahachota Suphot , Athisakul Siriporn , Hutayanon Pisit , Kiatchoosakun Songsak , Thanakitcharu Praprut , Charoenpanichsunti Montri , Chamsaard Prajongjit , Siriyotha Sukanya , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Sansanayudh Nakarin
Published: October 2022

Background External validation is essential before implementing a predictive model in clinical practice. This analysis validated the performance of the ACUITY/HORIZON risk score in the most contemporary Thai PCI registry.

Methods The ACUITY/HORIZON model was applied and validated externally in 12,268 ACS (acute coronary syndrome) patients. For revision and updating models, the regression coefficientd of all predictors were re-estimated and then additional predictors were stepwise selected from multivariate analysis.

Results In-hospital bleeding defined by the BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) criteria was 1.3% (161 patients) and 2.3% (285 patients) by the ACUITY criteria. The calibration of both scales demonstrated overestimation of the original model with C-statistic values of 0.704 for ACUITY major bleeding and 0.793 for BARC 3 or 5 bleeding. For ACUITY major bleeding, the discriminatory power of the update model improved substantially when congestive heart failure (CHF), prior vascular disease as well as body mass index were considered. The update model demonstrated good calibration and C-statistic of 0.747 and 0.745 with no white blood cell (WBC) count. For BARC 3 or 5 bleeding, good calibration and discriminatory capacity could be observed when CHF and prior vascular disease were added in the update models, with an excellent C-statistic of 0.838, and a lower C-statistic value of 0.835 was obtained in the absence of WBC count.

Conclusion The ACUITY/HORIZON score was successfully validated in contemporary predictive and risk-adjustment models for PCI-related bleeding. The update models had good operating characteristics in patients from a real-world ACS population irrespective of bleeding definitions.
Glaucoma as a Neurodegenerative and Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Prokosch Verena , Li Panpan , Shi Xin
Published: October 2022

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to irreversible loss of vision through degeneration of the retinal ganglia cells (RGCs). Glaucoma is one of the most frequent causes of
blindness in the world. Intraocular pressure is the main risk factor for the occurrence and development of this disease. Treatment is largely based on reducing internal optical pressure.
However, some patients may deteriorate or become blind, despite normal or reduced internal optical pressure. The pathophysiological details are still unclear. Neuroinflammatory processes are
also apparently an additional cause. In principle, innate or local responses of the adaptive immune system can be distinguished. The reaction of the innate immune system, particularly the
local microglial cells, has long been studied. The macroglia with the astrocytes and Müller cells and their homeostatic effects have also long been known. On the other hand, it has long been
thought that the retina with its RGZs was inert to adaptive immunological reactions – due to the function of the blood brain barrier. However, this system may be disturbed by antigen
presentation, leading to a reaction of the adaptive immune system, with B cell and T cell responses. In this context, the key proteins are presumably heat shock proteins. We now know that
neuroinflammation is important in glaucoma, as in other neurodegenerative diseases. It is important to increase our understanding of these phenomena. In this review article, we present our
current knowledge of the role of the micro- and macroglia, the adaptive immune system, and the heat shock proteins.
A Prospective Single-Arm Study of Melphalan, Prednisolone and Lenalidomide (MPL) as First Line Treatment in Elderly Patients with Multiple Myeloma – An Institutional Study
Authors: Lakshmi Haridas K. , Narayanan Geetha , Abdul Shahid P. P. , Sreejith G. Nair
Published: October 2022

Introduction Multiple myeloma in the elderly population is rising in India. Such frail transplant-ineligible patients are less frequently included in clinical trials. Moreover, novel agents are not accessible to everyone. Melphalan-based chemotherapy regimens are frequently used in elderly myeloma patients. Our study revisited the role of melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide (MPL) as front-line therapy in this subgroup of patients.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the response, tolerance, and outcome of MPL in elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Materials and Methods This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Medical Oncology at a tertiary cancer center during January 2012 to September 2013. Newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma >60 years who were transplant ineligible formed the study subjects. Eligible patients received oral melphalan 0.18 mg/kg from D1 to 4, prednisone 2 mg/kg from D1 to 4, and lenalidomide 10 mg from D1 to 21 q28 days. Patients who achieved complete response/very good partial response (CR/VGPR) after 6 cycles of MPL received maintenance with lenalidomide 10 mg from D1 to 21 q28 days (MPL-L) until progression or 1 year whichever was earlier. Quality of life was assessed using the Eq. 5D questionnaire.

Results Out of 46 patients, 25 were males and 21 were females. Median age was 67 years (range: 60—83 years). Majority had immunoglobulin G myeloma, followed by immunoglobulin A subtype. The median quality of life score at baseline was 50 (range: 30–70). Forty patients completed six cycles of MPL. The main toxicity was grade 1 to 2 hematological. There were no treatment-related deaths. Twenty-two (55%) achieved CR, 5 (13%) achieved VGPR, 4 (10%) achieved partial response, 6 (15%) achieved stable disease, and 3 (7%) had progressive disease. Twenty-seven patients received lenalidomide maintenance. At a median follow-up of 55 months, the 2- and 5-year progression-free survival was 60 and 18%, respectively. The overall survival at 2 and 5 years were 80 and 53%, respectively. The median number of subsequent lines of treatment was 2 (range: 1–4). The quality of life was improved and preserved in all study subjects. At 8 years, three patients had second malignant neoplasms and seven are alive.

Conclusion MPL-L is a well-tolerated and effective regimen in elderly myeloma with good overall response rates.
Amelanotic Melanoma: A Great Masquerader
Authors: Osama Md Ali , Rao Seema , Bakshi Neha , Badwal Sonia , Aggarwal Shyam
Published: October 2022

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive, notorious tumor showing great variability in morphological and immunohistochemical expression, thus commonly leading to an erroneous diagnosis. Within the melanoma group, amelanotic melanoma, with its wide clinical presentations, lack of pigmentation, and varied histological appearances, has taken on a new persona as a master masquerader. Use of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of malignant tumors, including melanoma, is primordial and indispensable. However, the problem gets compounded in scenario of aberrant antigenic expression. The present case posed multiple diagnostic challenges in form of atypical clinical presentation, variant morphology, as well as aberrant antigenic expression. Here, we present the case of a 72-year-old male who, upon his initial presentation, was thought to be sarcomatoid anaplastic plasmacytoma, but 5 months later another biopsy from a different site revealed the actual diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma.
Association between Hypocalcemia and Outcome in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Patidar Bhagwan Singh , Mukhopadhyay Tapasyapreeti , Subramanian Arulselvi , Aggarwal Richa , Soni Kapil Dev , Nischal Neeraj , Sahoo Debasis , Surbhi Surbhi , Wig Naveet , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Malhotra Rajesh , Trikha Anjan
Published: October 2022

Background Calcium has been shown to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus diseases, but less is known about hypocalcemia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and its association with the disease severity and the final outcome. Therefore, this study was conducted with an aim to assess clinical features in COVID-19 patients having hypocalcemia and to observe its impact on COVID-19 disease severity and the final outcome.

Methods In this retrospective study, consecutive COVID-19 patients of all age groups were enrolled. Demographical, clinical, and laboratory details were collected and analyzed. On the basis of albumin-corrected calcium levels, patients were classified into normocalcemic (n = 51) and hypocalcemic (n = 110) groups. Death was the primary outcome.

Results The mean age of patients in the hypocalcemic group was significantly lower (p < 0.05). A significantly higher number of hypocalcemic patients had severe COVID-19 infection (92.73%; p < 0.01), had comorbidities (82.73%, p < 0.05), and required ventilator support (39.09%; p < 0.01) compared with normocalcemic patients. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the hypocalcemic patients (33.63%; p < 0.05). Hemoglobin (p < 0.01), hematocrit (p < 0.01), and red cell count (p < 0.01) were significantly lower with higher levels of absolute neutrophil count (ANC; p < 0.05) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; p < 0.01) in the hypocalcemic patients.

Albumin-corrected calcium levels had a significant positive correlation with hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, red cell count, total protein, albumin, and albumin-to-globulin ratio and a significant negative correlation with ANC and NLR.

Conclusion The disease severity, ventilator requirement, and mortality were considerably higher in hypocalcemic COVID-19 patients.
Strategies to Decrease the Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Central India
Authors: Sharma Archa , Purwar Shashank , Gupta Shipra , Gupta Ayush , Gautam Disha
Published: October 2022

Background Intestinal parasites are a major public health problem in tropical countries. Over 1.5 billion people are infected with soil-transmitted helminths (STH), of which 225 million are in India. Parasitic infections are associated with poor sanitation, lack of safe potable water, and improper hygiene.

Materials and Methods The study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of control strategies, namely open-defecation free drive and mass drug administration of single dose albendazole. Stool samples received at AIIMS Bhopal Microbiology laboratory, across all age groups, were studied for protozoan trophozoites/cysts and helminthic ova.

Results Out of 4,620 stool samples, 389 (8.41%) were positive either for protozoal or helminthic infections. Protozoan infections were more common than helminthic infections with Giardia duodenalis infection being the most common, 201 (51.67%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica, 174 (44.73%). The helminthic infections constituted 14 (3.5%) of the positive stool samples with Hookworm ova in 6 (1.5%) cases.

Conclusion This study proves that strategies, namely “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” and “National Deworming Day” started in 2014 and 2015 led to significant reduction of intestinal parasite infections in Central India, with a higher reduction of STH compared with protozoan parasite infection being ascribed to the activity spectrum of albendazole.
Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay on Stool Samples for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among the Pediatric Population
Authors: Jayagandan Sangitha , Singh Jitendra , Mudliar Shivkumar Rashmi , Shankar Prem , Maurya Anand Kumar , Malhotra Anvita Gupta , Malik Shikha , Purwar Shashank , Singh Sarman
Published: October 2022

Objective Microbiological confirmation of tuberculosis (TB) in pediatric cases is challenging due to its paucibacillary nature and difficulty in specimen collection. This study aimed to validate stool as an alternative sample for the diagnosis of pediatric pulmonary TB via Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) assay.

Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 75 pediatric patients up to 10 years of age with signs and symptoms suggestive of TB. From each recruited patient, pulmonary and stool samples were collected in a sterile container. The collected samples were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining, BACTEC MGIT 960 culture (MGIT), Xpert, and in-house multiplex polymerase chain reaction for TB diagnosis.

Results About 13.33% (10/75) of the pulmonary samples and, of them, 50% (5/75) of the stool samples were positive by Xpert assay. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert assay with stool and pulmonary samples were 50 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.71–81.29%) and 100% (95% CI: 94.48–100%), respectively.

Conclusion The Xpert assay on stool samples showed limited sensitivity and good specificity in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB. Therefore, it can be proposed as an alternative screening sample to diagnose TB in pediatric cases for which getting a respiratory sample is extremely difficult. However, further studies with greater number of samples and multiple baseline variables are required to support our findings. Strategies to optimize stool Xpert assay should be performed to enhance the sensitivity of this method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children.
Early and Effective Diagnosis of Sepsis Using Flow Cytometry
Authors: Verma Pratima , Singh Anurag , Kushwaha Rashmi , Yadav Geeta , Verma Shailendra P. , Singh Uma S. , Reddy Himanshu D. , Agarwal Avinash
Published: October 2022

Objective Sepsis is a major global health issue due to its high death and morbidity rates. To avoid the negative effects of sepsis and decrease mortality, it is vital to diagnose and treat it as soon as possible. Blood cultures can take up to 2 days to give result, and they are not always reliable. According to recent studies, neutrophil CD64 expression might be a sensitive and specific option for assessing sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a flow cytometry analysis for the expression of neutrophil CD64 in sepsis and its comparison with other standard tests in a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods Prospective analysis on 40 blood samples from suspected sepsis patients admitted to intensive care units with criteria for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome on presentation was performed for expression of neutrophil CD64, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and complete blood count. Ten healthy volunteers were also enrolled in this prospective study. The laboratory results were compared in different groups.

Results The neutrophil CD64 had the highest diagnostic value to differentiate between patients of sepsis and nonsepsis groups with a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.19–100%) and 100% (95% CI: 55.32–86.83%); specificity of 90.00% (95% CI: 59.58–99.49%) and 87.24% (95% CI: 66.69–99.61%); and likelihood ratio of 10.00 and 7.84, respectively.

Conclusion The neutrophil CD64 expression provides a more sensitive, specific, and novel marker for the early detection of sepsis in critically ill patients.
Utility of Prostate-Specific Antigen Isoforms and Prostate Health Index in the Diagnosis of Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Raju Govinda Nanjaiah Laxmana , Bhat Parineetha P. , Nagini Siddavaram
Published: October 2022

Objective The current study was undertaken to investigate the utility of total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), its isoform [-2] proPSA (p2PSA), and prostate health index (PHI) in the diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials and Methods This study was conducted from March 2016 to May 2019. Eighty-five subjects who were diagnosed with PCa for the first time, following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, were included in the study. The prebiopsy blood samples were analyzed in Beckman Coulter Access-2 Immunoanalyzer for tPSA, p2PSA, and free PSA (fPSA), and the calculated parameters included %p2PSA, %fPSA, and PHI. Mann–Whitney's U test was used as test of significance, and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Of the 85 participants, 81.2% (n = 69) had evidence of metastasis, both clinically and pathologically. The median tPSA (ng/mL), p2PSA (pg/mL), %p2PSA, and PHI were significantly higher in the group with evidence of metastasis (46.5 vs. 13.76; 198.0 vs. 35.72; 3.25 vs. 1.51; 237.58 vs. 59.74, respectively). The sensitivity (%), specificity (%), negative predictive value (%), and positive predictive value (%) to diagnose metastatic PCa of tPSA at a cutoff of 20 ng/mL, PHI at a cutoff of 55, and %p2PSA at a cutoff of 1.66 were 92.7, 98.5, and 94.2; 37.5, 43.7, and 62.5; 54.5, 87.5, and 71.4; and 86.4, 88.3, and 91.5, respectively.

Conclusion Using tests such as %p2PSA and PHI in the standard armamentarium for the diagnosis of metastatic PCa in addition to PSA will help in selecting the appropriate treatment strategy, including active surveillance.
Changes in informal society and slavery during the Chosun-Era in Korea
Authors: Kim Heeho
Published: October 2022

While slavery was unconventional in Northeast Asia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it has been documented in Korea from the Three Kingdoms period (BC 57–AD 668). In 1731, a new slavery regulation was introduced in Korea that stipulated that a child was a slave only if its mother was a slave, regardless of the status of the child’s father. This led to a dramatic decrease in the number of slaves. In addition, slaves also deserted more frequently after 1731 because the ‘not-freed’, remaining slaves tried various ways to secure their freedom amid the ensuing societal instability. The easiest way for slaves in Korea to achieve freedom was to flee their owners since they were of native descent. Slave desertions and entry into the informal economy may be attributed to the exclusion of slaves from social institution. Slaves attempted to escape from their current status to the informal sectors of society, where they could manage a subsistence-level existence without being caught. This study explores government registries of household tallies in three counties of Korea’s Kyungsang province and data on slave transaction. We consider the role of slave desertion in order to examine a relationship between the 1731 regulation change, the institution of slavery, and society. We find that the evidence indicates that the 1731 regulation change led to more desertions, and the costs of monitoring slaves increased; slaves were replaced with daily-wage workers on farmlands. This study contributes to the literature by tracing the causality of slave desertions to informal society that led to the collapse of slavery in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Korea.
Morphology of shocked lateral outflows in colliding hydrodynamic flows
Authors: Markwick R. N. , Frank A. , Carroll-Nellenback J. , Blackman E. G. , Hartigan P. M. , Lebedev S. V. , Russell D. R. , Halliday J. W. D. , Suttle L. G.
Published: October 2022

Supersonic interacting flows occurring in phenomena, such as protostellar jets, give rise to strong shocks and have been demonstrated in several laboratory experiments. To study such colliding flows, we use the AstroBEAR AMR code to conduct hydrodynamic simulations in three dimensions. We introduce variations in the flow parameters of density, velocity, and cross-sectional radius of the colliding flows in order to study the propagation and conical shape of the bow shock formed by collisions between two, not necessarily symmetric, hypersonic flows. We find that the motion of the interaction region is driven by imbalances in ram pressure between the two flows, while the conical structure of the bow shock is a result of shocked lateral outflows being deflected from the horizontal when the flows are of differing cross sections.
Hopf bifurcation of the model with terms of two time-delays and delay-dependent parameter based on the theory of crossing curves
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Dong Nan , Liu Na , Xie Leilei
Published: October 2022

A three-layer prey–predator model with two time-delays and one delay-dependent parameter is established in this paper. To begin, the paper calculates the conditions for each population in the model to maintain the quantity stable and Hopf bifurcation when τ1=τ2=0, τ1=0,τ2≠0, τ2 is in the stable interval, and τ1>0. The crossing curves, their type, and the direction of the crossing curves are then obtained using the crossing curve method, which is composed of the threshold values of the dynamic behavior change on the two time-delays plane when τ1,τ2>0. The real data from the forage grass–Ochotona curzoniae–Buteo hemilasius food chain is used to conduct an empirical study of the model. When τ1,τ2>0, the feasible region of the crossing curves is open-ended, and the model's crossing curves on the (τ2,τ1) plane are truncated. This indicates that the model's threshold distribution of dynamic behavior change is a regular curve made of several curves. The simulation using the time-delay value on the crossing curves shows that the model produces different dynamic behaviors such as stability, bifurcation, and chaos depending on the time-delay value on both sides of the curves. The critical values of dynamic behavior change are time-delay values on the crossing curves. The empirical study shows that increasing Ochotona curzoniae’s environmental capacity can easily cause Hopf bifurcation of the system. At this time, the number of each population in the Plateau ecosystem constantly fluctuates, and Ochotona curzoniae is vulnerable to extinction.