bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Differences Among Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Due to LMNA or PPARG Variants
Authors: Vasandani Chandna , Li Xilong , Sekizkardes Hilal , Brown Rebecca J , Garg Abhimanyu
Published: October 2022

Context

Despite several reports of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) type 2 (FPLD2) due to heterozygous LMNA variants and FPLD3 due to PPARG variants, the phenotypic differences among them remain unclear.

Objective

To compare the body fat distribution, metabolic parameters, and prevalence of metabolic complications between FPLD3 and FPLD2.

Methods

A retrospective, cross-sectional comparison of patients from 2 tertiary referral centers—UT Southwestern Medical Center and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. A total of 196 females and 59 males with FPLD2 (age 2-86 years) and 28 females and 4 males with FPLD3 (age 9-72 years) were included. The main outcome measures were skinfold thickness, regional body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), metabolic variables, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia.

Results

Compared with subjects with FPLD2, subjects with FPLD3 had significantly increased prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (66% vs 84%) and diabetes (44% vs 72%); and had higher median fasting serum triglycerides (208 vs 255 mg/dL), and mean hemoglobin A1c (6.4% vs 7.5%). Compared with subjects with FPLD2, subjects with FPLD3 also had significantly higher mean upper limb fat (21% vs 27%) and lower limb fat (16% vs 21%) on DXA and increased median skinfold thickness at the anterior thigh (5.8 vs 11.3 mm), calf (4 vs 6 mm), triceps (5.5 vs 7.5 mm), and biceps (4.3 vs 6.8 mm).

Conclusion

Compared with subjects with FPLD2, subjects with FPLD3 have milder lipodystrophy but develop more severe metabolic complications, suggesting that the remaining adipose tissue in subjects with FPLD3 may be dysfunctional or those with mild metabolic disease are underrecognized.
Whose Resistance Theory?
Authors: Rosensweig Anna
Published: October 2022

This essay examines how members of the political Right in the United States—including insurrectionists, antiabortion extremists, and adherents of the QAnon conspiracy—have mobilized theories of resistance from early modern Europe to justify their opposition to state and federal law. Rather than simply dismiss these right-wing appeals to resistance theory as unscholarly and anachronistic, the essay argues that we must take them seriously as an uncomfortable part of this theory’s legacy.
Resenha Além do Cânone
Authors: Freire de Castro França Bianca Luiza
Published: October 2022

O livro do antropólogo e historiador Celso Castro busca diversificar e tornar mais abrangente a bibliografia das ciências sociais. Incluindo 16 autores e autoras, em sua maioria inéditos no Brasil e traduzidos pela primeira vez para o português, é recomendado para estudantes e demais interessados na disciplina. A coletânea, que não é contra o cânone tradicional e tampouco pretende ser uma publicação alternativa, sugere novas perspectivas para a compreensão da realidade social, e por isso, pode ser considerada leitura obrigatória para todos aqueles que buscam novos horizontes de pesquisa que vão muito além do cânone vigente.
Human Monkeypox: Old virus with new Epidemiological and Transmission Trends
Authors: Meo Sultan Ayoub
Published: October 2022

Human monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by a monkeypox virus. The monkeypox virus history originated in 1958 after the occurrence of a pox-like illness in monkeys. In September 1970, the first case of human monkeypox was identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa. This year, from January 01, to September 30, 2022, the virus swiftly spread from endemic to non-endemic counties, involving 106 states, infecting 68,017 people; 689 cases from 07 endemic African countries and 67,328 cases in 99 non-endemic countries in Europe, America, Asia and Oceania continents. The disease caused 27 deaths in 13 countries worldwide. The human monkeypox disease significantly affects the population in South, North and Central America 34767 (51.11%), Europe 32047 (47.11%), Africa 707 (1.03%), Asia 351 (0.51%), and Oceania continent 145 (0.21%). The occurrence of the disease is high in males with age ranges of 21-55 years. The common clinical features in monkeypox patients are skin rashes (95%), fever (72%), malaise (69%), chills (67%), pruritis (64%), headache (64%), enlarged lymph nodes (63%) myalgia (60%) and nausea and vomiting (20%). The transmission trends of the disease are rapidly changing; the virus is not limited to close contact with humans. It can spread through body fluids, respiratory droplets, and sexual contact. The disease can transmit during travelling, contact with soiled materials, infected cloths, bed linen, objects, air pollutants, and in various workplace environments. The monkeypox virus has adopted multiple transmission routes, and swiftly spreading and developing challenging and threatening situations worldwide.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6978

How to cite this:Meo SA. Human Monkeypox: Old virus with new Epidemiological and Transmission Trends. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6978

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Concealed retropharyngeal haematoma: A rare but life threating complication following a low risk fall
Authors: Rafique Nosheela , Khan Ehtesham , Connolly Paula , Lal Shankar
Published: October 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.7147

How to cite this: Rafique N, Khan E, Connolly P, Lal S. Concealed retropharyngeal haematoma: A rare but life threating complication following a low risk fall. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.7147
Personal exposures to fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide in relation to cooking activities in rural Malawi
Authors: Saleh Sepeedeh , Sambakunsi Henry , Makina Debora , Chinouya Martha , Kumwenda Moses , Chirombo James , Semple Sean , Mortimer Kevin , Rylance Jamie
Published: October 2022

Background: Air pollution is a major environmental risk factor for cardiorespiratory disease. Exposures to household air pollution from cooking and other activities, are particularly high in Southern Africa. Following an extended period of participant observation in a village in Malawi, we aimed to assess individuals’ exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) and to investigate the different sources of exposure, including different cooking methods.

Methods: Adult residents of a village in Malawi wore personal PM2.5 and CO monitors for 24-48 hours, sampling every 1 (CO) or 2 minutes (PM2.5). Subsequent in-person interviews recorded potential exposure details over the time periods. We present means and interquartile ranges for overall exposures and summaries stratified by time and activity (exposure). We employed multivariate regression to further explore these characteristics, and Spearman rank correlation to examine the relationship between paired PM2.5 and CO exposures.

Results: Twenty participants (17 female; median age 40 years, IQR: 37–56) provided 831 hours of paired PM2.5 and CO data. Concentrations of PM2.5 during combustion activity, usually cooking, far exceeded background levels (no combustion activity): 97.9μg/m3 (IQR: 22.9–482.0), vs 7.6μg/m3, IQR: 2.5–20.6 respectively. Background PM2.5 concentrations were higher during daytime hours (11.7μg/m3 [IQR: 5.2–30.0] vs 3.3μg/m3 at night [IQR: 0.7–8.2]). Highest exposures were influenced by cooking location but associated with charcoal use (for CO) and firewood on a three-stone fire (for PM2.5). Cooking-related exposures were higher in more ventilated places, such as outside the household or on a walled veranda, than during indoor cooking.

Conclusions: The study demonstrates the value of combining personal PM2.5 exposure data with detailed contextual information for providing deeper insights into pollution sources and influences. The finding of similar/lower exposures during cooking in seemingly less-ventilated places should prompt a re-evaluation of proposed clean air interventions in these settings.
Exploring Real-Time Word Learning Skills and Its Related Factors in Preschool Children: An Eye-Tracking Study
Authors: Yang Yoonhee , Yim Dongsun , Park Wonjeong , Baek Soo Jung , Kang Min Ji
Published: October 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the real-time word learning processing aspects of children in each group by classifying groups according to their actual vocabulary acquisition performance (offline processing data) in QUIL (Quick incidental learning). We compared whether there was a significant difference between the QUIL offline and online processing data of the two groups, and finally we attempted to explore whether QUIL offline and online processing data had a significant correlation with children’s working memory. Methods: Thirty-three children [21 with TD (Typically developing children); and 12 with SLI (Children with specific language impairment)] aged 3- to 6-year-old participated in this study. K-mean cluster analysis was conducted to create new groups based on QUIL offline scores, and to examine children’s online word learning processing. To analyze the children’s word learning process with an eye-tracker, the animations recorded with narration were shown to the children through a computer with an eye-tracker attached. Results: There was a significant difference between the two clusters at the third exposure condition in online data (fixation duration). In addition, there was a significant correlation between QUIL online processing and linguistic WM (Working memory) in cluster 1, and between QUIL offline scores and nonlinguistic WM in cluster 2. Conclusion: When new vocabulary is exposed for cluster 2, it can be inferred that the efficiency of vocabulary acquisition will be improved if visual information is intensively combined with language information.
An Eye-Tracking Study on Reading Comprehension and Reading Processing in Children with Reading Difficulties according to Story Type and Processing Load
Authors: Baek Soo Jung , Yim Dongsun
Published: October 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate differences in reading performance between two groups of children, children with reading difficulties (RD) and typically developing children (TD), depending on story types and length of given text. To comprehensively evaluate children’s reading ability, both offline and online processing were taken into consideration, and chunking skill was measured to explore the relationship between working memory and reading comprehension. Methods: Twenty-six children (11 with RD and 15 with TD) in 3rd to 4th grade of elementary school participated in this study. Two experimental tasks were conducted: a reading comprehension task using an eye-tracker and a word list recall task. While reading the text, children’s eye movements were analyzed to identify online reading processing. After they finished reading, they were asked to answer the offline reading comprehension questions. Results: There were significant differences in reading comprehension depending on the group, the story type, and the level of processing load. For the fixation, there was an interaction effect between the group and the story type. Also, as a result of heat map analysis, the fixation of the RD group was evenly distributed throughout the texts given at low processing load. In addition, as a result of correlation analysis, there was a significant difference in patterns of using chunking skills in reading comprehension between the two groups. Conclusion: This study has a clinical implication in that it suggested that presenting reading materials concisely could be one of the ways to improve reading comprehension in the RD group.
The GP and the veteran: the Royal College of General Practitioners' veteran-friendly programme
Authors: Simpson Robin G
Published: October 2022

Retired brigadier Professor Robin G Simpson, veterans' champion at the Royal College of General Practitioners, discusses the veteran-friendly GP practice accreditation programme, and how it can improve care for veterans.
Migrant women and mental health
Authors: Markey Kathleen , Ogbuagu Annabel Chidiebere , O'Brien Brid
Published: October 2022

Dr Kathleen Markey, Annabel Ogbuagu and Dr Brid O'Brien discuss the need for cultural humility when providing perinatal mental healthcare to migrant women.
Podiatrist's prescribing practice
Authors: Robertson Deborah
Published: October 2022

Deborah Robertson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
Demonstration of real-time motion control on a 10G-EPON edge computing platform with SDN enabled broadband access
Authors: Koyasako Yushi , Suzuki Takahiro , Hatano Tomoya , Shimada Tatsuya , Yoshida Tomoaki
Published: October 2022

Edge computing is more useful for real-time remote motion control of Internet of Things devices than cloud computing because of its superior low latency performance. The access system is attracting attention as a place to perform edge computing. By using the network devices of the access system as an edge computing resource, it becomes possible to realize more precise control. This paper is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate real-time motion control by implementing edge computing on a 10-gigabit Ethernet passive optical network based on software-defined network enabled broadband access (SEBA), which is a virtualization platform for access systems. The proposed method analyzes the effectiveness of motion control and sets the optimal network settings automatically by using SEBA to take full advantage of edge computing benefits. The proposed method can provide an optimal network for motion control without making the user aware of the network settings. We construct a general motor-based experimental system and verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. The experiment shows that it properly reflects the optimum network settings to SEBA. Also, we verify that the proposed method changed the network settings to satisfy the reference settling time of 3 s. The optimal dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) cycle for motion control is determined after five trials, and the settling time was reduced by 53% compared with the case where the DBA cycle was set to 20 ms and no optimization was performed.
Light propagation in layered media in a total reflection geometry: a transfer matrix method using virtually linear basis functions to handle critical conditions
Authors: Sigel Reinhard
Published: October 2022

For light propagation in a layered refractive index profile, critical conditions occur when the wave vector perpendicular to the layering becomes zero. Such conditions can occur in a total reflection geometry. Conventional transfer matrix methods become singular, and geometrical optics concepts break down at critical conditions. We introduce two new, to the best of our knowledge, basis systems using virtual linear functions that obey the Helmholtz equation and turn to linear functions required for critical conditions.
Low-dye taping may enhance physical performance and muscle activation in basketball players with overpronated feet
Authors: Ho Indy M. K. , Weldon Anthony , Yeung Natalia C. Y. , Luk Jim T. C.
Published: October 2022

Background

Low-dye taping (LTD) is widely used by athletes and medical practitioners but the research regarding its impacts on athletic performance is lacking. This study investigated the effects of using low-dye taping on plyometric performance and muscle activities in recreational basketball players with overpronated feet.

Methods

Twelve collegiate males with at least three years basketball training experience and navicular drop (ND) value ≥10 mm performed the navicular drop, drop jump and countermovement jump tests. Surface electromyography of selected lower limb muscles were observed during bilateral free squat. All tests in non-taped (NT) and taped (TAP) conditions were counterbalanced using repeated crossover study design. Paired t-test with an alpha level of 0.05 and non-clinical magnitude-based decision (MBD) with standardized effects were used to analyze data.

Results

Contact time and reactive strength index (RSI) in the TAP condition were significantly shorter (p = 0.041) and higher (p<0.01) than the NT condition respectively. No significant difference in CMJ performance between NT and TAP was observed. MBD demonstrated clear effects on both ND (standardized effect: -1.54±0.24), flight time (standardized effect: 0.24±0.30), contact time (standardized effect: -0.27±0.21), RSI (standardized effect: 0.69±0.35) and eccentric activities of inferior gluteus maximus (standardized effect: 0.23±0.35), gluteus medius (standardized effect: 0.26±0.29) and tibialis anterior (standardized effect: 0.22±0.06).

Conclusions

LDT is effective in correcting overpronated feet by increasing ND height. Meanwhile, it provides a small increase in RSI and gluteal muscle activity during the eccentric (down) phase of the bilateral squat, and without affecting CMJ performance. Conditioning coaches or therapists may use LDT to enhance gluteal activation for reducing injury occurrence and reactive strength performance in drop jump tasks.
Evaluation of the community-based outpatient therapeutic feeding program implementation for managing children with severe acute malnutrition in Northwest Ethiopia: A mixed-method evaluation protocol
Authors: Takele Wubet Worku , Ayele Amare Demsie , Haile Tsegaye Gebremedhin , Debie Ayal , Amare Ashenafi Tazebew , Tsehay Chalie Tadie , Mekonnen Eskedar Getie
Published: October 2022

Background

Community-based outpatient therapeutic feeding program (C-OTP) in Ethiopia has been launched to manage uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) by trained Health Extension Workers (HEWs). This program is believed to be the most effective strategy for reaching a large group of children suffering from SAM in rural and disadvantaged communities. Nonetheless, poor treatment outcomes, notably mortality and prolonged recovery time, become pressing public health problems, which could be a result of suboptimal implementation and poor service quality.

Objectives

To evaluate the implementation of C-OTP for managing uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition in the Central Gondar Zone.

Methods

Multiple studies involving both qualitative and quantitative will be conducted. Availability of essential drugs and equipment, acceptability of the program by mothers/caregivers, health extension workers’ compliance to the treatment protocol, and treatment outcome will be assessed employing different methods. Likewise, knowledge of health extension workers about SAM diagnosis and management and their skills to diagnose and manage uncomplicated malnutrition will be determined. Health extension workers, mothers/caregivers, supervisors, and healthcare administrators will be enrolled in the study. Besides, children’s medical records registered between 2017 and 2020 will be reviewed to determine the treatment outcome. The data will be collected using pretested self-administered and face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaires. Similarly, focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews, and observation checklists will be applied. Binary logistic regression analysis will be conducted, while the qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Discussion

Severe acute malnutrition is a public health problem that remains the underlying cause for over half of under-five mortality in Ethiopia. As a result, community-based therapeutic care has been launched in the country to address these problems and maximize population-level impact by improving treatment coverage, access, and cost-effectiveness. Despite its achievement, the program has been threatened with unfavourable treatment outcomes and a shortfall of resources. Hence, this implementation evaluation study will also identify gaps between healthcare systems and service users. The output will help programmers pass evidence-based and sound decisions to tackle the key barriers.
Influence of the Correlation of the Results of Direct Measurements on the Uncertainty of Parameters Observed Indirectly
Authors: Volodarsky Evgeniy , Lushchik Dimitrij , Warsza Zygmunt
Published: October 2022

The uncertainty of parameters observed indirectly by means of a measurement and computation system with a parallel-serial structure is discussed. Two such parameters with values obtained from the results of direct measurements and subjected to multiplication or division operations were considered. If, as a result of external influences, a random additive error appears in the common path of the measuring system, it shifts the characteristics of this path by an unknown value, but permissible in a given range. As a result of this shift, the output signals of both measured quantities become stochastic dependent. We called this relationship the instrumental covariance. It was determined how it influences the uncertainty of the indirectly observed two parameters depending on the ratio of the directly measured variables and on the related their function on the examples of the product and the quotient. The indirect observation of power and resistance from direct current and voltage measurements was considered. The analysis of the influence of the ratio of the values of both measured values on an additional uncertainty component of the observed parameters, depending on the instrumental covariance, was performed. The modified structure of the system with a reduced influence of instrumental covariance for the case of multiplication of directly measured signals is given.
Measurement of Parameters of MEMS Electronic Filters with Automatic Determination of Uncertainty
Authors: Wasilewska Natalia , Nowak Paweł , Szewczyk Roman
Published: October 2022

MEMS type electronic filters used in practice require experimental testing of amplitude and phase characteristics. This requires the development of a measurement method that will not only measure the characteristics, but also allow for the simultaneous estimation of the measurement uncertainty. The computer-controlled measuring system described in the article enables the measurement of filter characteristics while maintaining measurement traceability, taking into account the fully automated process of estimating the measurement uncertainty. The tests carried out during the study of the characteristics of the exemplary magnetostrictive filter confirmed both the correctness of the proposed solution and its applicability in practice.
Editorial
Authors: Jaimes Carvajal Gladys , Rodríguez Luna María Elvira
Published: October 2022

La configuración de sentido a partir de la realidad natural y social es la tarea fundamental del hombre en todas las etapas de su existencia. Sin embargo, esta actividad no se ejecuta de manera directa sino por intermediación de sistemas semióticos que se construyen en la experiencia social.El lenguaje es, sin lugar a dudas, el más importante sistema de mediación pues a través de él se internalizan en la socialización primaria, esquemas motivacionales e interpretativos de pensamiento y de acción. De esta manera, objetiva el mundo, asignando sentido a la experiencia al tiempo que se constituye en el fundamento de ha interacción social.
Consideraciones preliminares sobre los estándares curriculares en el área de la lengua castellana
Authors: Grupo de investigación Lenguaje, identidad y cultura
Published: October 2022

El artículo expresa de manera crítica y, constructiva el punto de vista del Grupo en torno a la propuesta del Ministerio de Educación Nacional, sobre estándares curriculares para la lengua castellana. Se revisan las concepciones teóricas que orientan el documento, los objetivos, los ejes de formación, los estándares propuestos y las temáticas sugeridds. Se ponen de manifiesto las inconsistencias, las contradicciones y los vacíos conceptuales con el ánimo de, aportar criterios de reflexión y análisis que posibiliten una discusión más amplia por parte de la comunidad académica que conlleve a su reformulación por parte del Estado.
Brasil especular y el tiempo salvaje de la canibalia americana
Authors: Jáuregui Carlos
Published: October 2022

Este trabajo examina algunos procesos de representación y resemantización del canibalismo en el contexto de la batalla por las rutas del comercio Atlántico en la costa de Brasil, y analiza la dimensión especular del tropo caníbal en algunos relatos (proto)etnográficos en los cuales, el caníbal fue un dispositivo generador de alteridad y un tropo cultural de reconocimiento. En otras palabras, se examinará el caníbal como artefacto etno-cartográfico para Imaginar el tiempo y el espacio del salvajismo, y como artefacto utópico-melancólico compensatorio de las "pérdidas" de la Modernidad.
Una mirada desde Bourdieu, al lenguaje y a las competencias
Authors: Bustamante Z Guillermo
Published: October 2022

El articulo pretende establecer las bases teóricas de Bourdieu para interrogar las evaluaciones masivas de lenguaje en Colombia, desde el punto de vista de su papel frente a: la comprensión de nuestra cultura; los efectos de la desigualdad social; el lenguaje y las condiciones sociales que posibilitan las competencias; las constantes lingüísticas y las variaciones sociológicamente significativas; la manipulación de sentidos sin relación con el contexto; la condición institucional que garantiza su imposición; el poder simbólico que describe un cierto ser de la escuela; la validez de usos lingüísticos, prácticas pedagógicas, costumbres educativas y políticas educativas; y las sanciones negativas del mercado escolar a los usos de las clases más desprovistas.
El contexto y el discurso público
Authors: Pardo Abril Neyla Graciela
Published: October 2022

Apelar a la noción de contexto es un lugar común en las ciencias sociales para explicar los fenómenos de su Interés. Este concepto juega un papel central especialmente en las disciplinas que buscan explicar y describir el lenguaje y el discurso. Sin embargo, no existe un acuerdo general sobre qué debe entenderse por contexto, dado que hay una gran variedad de perspectivas al respecto, muchas de las cuales son Ignorada por investigadores de otros campos. En este artículo se presenta una revisión sistemática de los principales puntos de vista sobre el contexto y sus relaciones conceptuales con la producción y comprensión del lenguaje en un grupo social. Se muestra que categorias tales como cognición, memoria y sociedad, entre otras, son recurrentes en diversa disciplinas, y son indispensables para elaborar una noción adecuada de contexto.
Fundamentación filosófica de la lectura de poesía como acto interpretativo
Authors: Rodríguez Enrique
Published: October 2022

La lectura es evento estético, es decir, un acontecimiento creador e imaginario. Pero también es un hecho complejo que se origina en la experiencia humana; es una forma de interpretación, a la vez que un despliegue de sentidos en el lector. A partir de algunas afirmaciones de autores como Borges, Nietzsche, Heidegger, entre otros, sobre el sentido de la lectura, este texto sólo sugiere posibilidades de lo que significa leer. El sueño y el espejo son maneras en las que el lector se funde en la lectura, pero esto es posible porque leer es un acto pasional: un encuentro íntimo del lector y el texto. El texto, si es un texto clásico, es un modo de apertura ilimitado de diversos sentidos que no se agotan. De otro lado, la lectura como "tejido de sentidos"tiene que ver con la ética y la política en su alcance más auténtico, porque sitúa en perspectiva al lector y le Impulsa a la crítica, es decir, lo desata de los dogmas. Todas estas reflexiones conducen, finalmente, a una visión pedagógica que se apoya en las experiencias más radicales de lectura. Es, precisamente, desde una estética de la lectura del texto poético que se llega, en la interacción entre el maestro y el discípulo, a la lectura crítica en diversos contextos y se pone en juego el diálogo textual.
La evaluación en los relatos: aspectos de la interacción y la intersubjetividad
Authors: Pinilla Vásquez Raquel
Published: October 2022

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar como los niños expresan a través del lenguaje su posición sobre los acontecimientos que han ocasionado el desplazamiento forzado. Los trabajos de Labov y Kerbrat-Orecchioni servirán de horizonte para la búsqueda de los procedimientos lingüísticos mediante los cuales el locutor imprime su marca en el enunciado, se inscribe en el mensaje (implícita o explícitamente) y asume una posición con respecto a él como sujeto enunciador (problema de la distancia enunciativa). Este aspecto sitúa el análisis en la dimensión dialógica a del lenguaje; es por ello que algunos de los presupuestos de Bajtin serán igualmente importantes para la comprensión de esta dimensión de los relatos.
Diálogo, dialogismo e interlocución
Authors: Jaimes Caicedo Gladys
Published: October 2022

El artículo indaga en el diálogo como estrategia discursiva y plantea su incidencia en el desarrollo cognitivo social y expresivo de los niños de preescolar, con fundamento en una experiencia investigativa que tuvo como propósito caracterizarlo como práctica discursiva en la primera infancia. Se parte de la consideración de las distintas concepciones de diálogo para definir las teorías del dialogismo y la interlocución como soportes conceptuales del proceso investigativo. Se analizan también los procedimientos metodológicos de lainvestigación etnográfica que sustentan la reflexión.
Lectura creativa y reescritura de textos
Authors: Rojas John Saúl
Published: October 2022

La lectura creativa y la re-escritura de textos busca desde la hermenéutica del lenguaje enriquecer la sensibilidad estética y literaria de los estudiantes a través del trabajo con relatos narrativos no verbales, narrativos no literarios, y narrativos literarios, que permitan la recreación de desarrollos cognitivos y la construcción de mundos posibles. Esta propuesta se fundamenta en la alfabetización creativa en términos de los procesos de comprensión y producción textuales, y se concibe como un proyecto didáctico que recoge en parte la concepción del trabajo por proyectos. En esta perspectiva, se formulan estrategias que correspondan a criterios pedagógicos a partir de los cuales se establecen distintos modos de aproximación al lenguaje. Es así como las secuencias didácticas introducen los presupuestos conceptuales, lingüísticos y estéticos propios para el desarrollo de la competencia poética y, además, constituyen el lugar de encuentro entre las matrices conceptuales y las pautas pedagógicas que definen su realización.
El análisis del discurso en las redes de investigación: a propósito de la Red Nacional de Investigación en Evaluación
Authors: Jurado Valencia Fabio
Published: October 2022

EL ANÁLISIS DEL DATO escrito, del dato oral, o de documentos diversos afines a un campo de estudio presupone necesariamente la interpretación en profundidad, auscultando los sentidos implícitos de la textualidad, cuando se trata de procesos de investigación que buscan hacer un alto en el camino y luego reiniciar otro. Así, entonces, el análisis del discurso o el análisis argumentativo, constituye un ámbito de trabajo de gran ayuda para develar las intenciones y las concepciones que frente a la educación y la evaluación circulan en el país. Hay discursos sobre la evaluación en educación que han circulado ampliamente en la década de 1990. ¿Hay en ellos monofonía o polifonía? Sólo lá investigación puede posibilitar las condiciones epistemológicas para caracterizarlos, como punto de partida para la elaboración de nuevas propuestas.
Editorial
Authors: Rodríguez María Elvira
Published: October 2022

Porque pensamos, actuamos y somos a través de la palabra, la Revista Enunciación continúa en su empeño por consolidar espacios para la interacción y la reflexión en torno al lenguaje. Este se concibe no solamente como un medio para la transmisión de información sino fundamentalmente como una dimensión esencial de la cultura en la cual se inscriben los valores, las representaciones sociales y las prácticas colectivas.Es evidente que el lenguaje participa de todos los dominios de la vida humana. Así lo expresan los diversos acercamientos teóricos y metodológicos que asumen el estudio de la enunciación. La pluralidad de enfoques que rescatan la dinámica de la palabra en acción nos permiten interpretar la cultura, comprender las contradicciones entre el ser, el hacer y el decir humanos, así como emprender caminos en la búsqueda de formas adecuadas para ahondar en la unidad y diversidad de nuestros pueblos.
Sobre una campaña de prevención: la civis de los zoomínidos
Authors: Villa Mejía Victor
Published: October 2022

El secuestro. la contaminación, el contrabando, la pólvora, la droga, el alcohol, el cáncer, la malaria, son todos temas que están más allá del alcance de las agencias ideologizantes tradicionales como la escuela, la iglesia y la familia. De ahí que configuren pequeños paquetes instruccionales que, a modo de microcurrículos, movilizan certeramente las posibilidades óptimas de otra agencia ideologizante como es el medio masivo de comunicación. Campañas cívicas de prevención es el nombre que toman estas discursi vidades.
Pensar la escuela en el siglo XXI. (Algunas consideraciones en torno a la ética, complejidad cultural y escuela)
Authors: Montoya Castillo Mario
Published: October 2022

Las sociedades funcionan a través del imaginario colectivo» el cual debe irse transformando y adecuando a las necesidades de las nuevas generaciones. Sin embargo, la velocidad de la comunicación y la cantidad de imaginarios foráneos intemporales que transitan por los mass media, no admiten la apropiación de una sola identidad territorial o histórica. Por consiguiente, se exige un eje identitario que permita al individuo reconfigurar y reestructurar continuamente su subjetividad.
Applying a socio-ecological model to understand the psychosocial support services available to students with disabilities in universities
Authors: Akoto Yaw , Nketsia William , Opoku Maxwell Peprah , Fordjour Mark Owusu , Opoku Emmanuel Kofi
Published: October 2022

The importance of psychosocial support for students with disabilities to participate effectively in universities cannot be overemphasized. As an essential aspect of inclusive practice, psychosocial supports empower students with disabilities and improve their accessibility to and belongingness in higher education. In the Ghanaian context, some attention has been given to challenges students with disabilities encounter during their university education, while less attention has been paid to the types of support they receive. Using Bronfenbrenner’s socio-ecological model as a theoretical framework, this study conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with 11 participants with a disability, made up of 10 undergraduate students and one lecturer (physical disability: n=8 and visual impairment: n=3), to understand the nature and extent of psychosocial supports institutionalized for students with disabilities in universities in Ghana. The participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling approaches from one of the largest public universities in Ghana. The interview data were transcribed verbatim, and theoretical thematic analysis was performed. The psychosocial supports received by the students with disabilities that enable them to maintain their status at the university were presented and discussed around three levels: micro-system, meso-system, and exo-system. The result showed that students with disabilities received most of their psychological support from the micro-system. The study concludes with a call to policymakers to consider the important role of stakeholders such as family and peers as well improve support services to enhance the retention of students with disabilities.
School turnaround lessons for policy and practice: A systematic review of research and evaluation
Authors: Husain Aliza , Meyers Coby V. , Stone-Johnson Corrie
Published: October 2022

While there currently exists a vast body of research around school turnaround policies, few studies speak to why they have or have not worked. This paper undertakes a systematic review of research literature on school turnaround policies to explore why this lack of understanding prevails in the field. We find key disconnects between “policy” and “practice” research on the topic of school turnaround. We contend that this divide negates the potential to learn from school leadership policy and practice in turnaround settings. We offer implications of these findings within turnaround research and policy while pointing out that this apparent divide seems to extend beyond the example of turnaround.
Maḥmūd Shaltūt's Wasaṭiyyah Approach to Al-Azhar Reform
Authors: Md Yusoff Mohammad Yusri Yubhi , Ushama Thameem
Published: October 2022

This article examines Shaltūt's wasaṭiyyah approach to reform Al-Azhar from his early working days until he was appointed as the Shaykh al-Azhar. In understanding the context of Shaltūt's reform, this study begins by highlighting Shaltūt's predecessors, particularly al-Marāghī and al-Ẓawāhirī's achievements towards reform at Al-Azhar. This study also touches upon ʿAbduh's pioneering role in generating reforms among Azhari reformists, including Shaltūt and many others before him. These three influential figures are chosen not only for their different reform methods due to their traditionalist and modernist backgrounds but also for their influences and roles in shaping Shaltūt's approach to reform. Finally, this study explores Shaltūt's contributions and struggles in presenting his reform ideas against Azhari's traditionalist opposition scholars. This study is primarily based on textual research; therefore, it is qualitative. To analyse the data,  the researcher applies analytical and comparative methods. Consequently, the study concludes that Shaltūt adopted the wasaṭiyyah approach between ʿAbduh, al-Marāghī and al-Ẓawāhirī in reforming Al-Azhar. This wasaṭiyyah approach, not only in administrative but also in curriculum, led to the establishment of the 1961 Al-Azhar Law.
PS and GW optimization of variable sliding gains mode control to stabilize a wind energy conversion system under the real wind in Adrar, Algeria
Authors: Bekraoui Fatiha , Harrouz Abdelkader , Roummani Khayra , Boussaid Ibrahim , Bekraoui Amina
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a sliding mode controller is implemented to a permanent synchronous generator direct driven wind energy conversion system. The goal of this proposed work is to control the stator directly and quadrature axis currents to minimize the chattering phenomenon. To achieve this goal, we use two numerical techniques which are PSO (particle swarm optimization) and GWO (grey wolf optimization) algorithms to obtain gains parameters of the controller. The analysis of the recommended approach robustness and responsiveness of the system has been carried out under the real wind speed of the Adrar region (south of Algeria) and simulation results are tested under MATLAB/Simulink tool. The main result shows the effectiveness and the better performance of the PSO compared to the GWO.
Low-frequency fluctuations in the yearly misclosures of the global mean sea level budget during 1900–2018
Authors: Iz H. Bâki
Published: October 2022

Sub- and super-harmonics of luni-solar forcing are proxies for the natural variations in sea levels observed at tide gauge stations with long records as demonstrated in earlier studies. This study also identified their signatures in the noisy yearly misclosures of the global mean sea level budget for the period 1900–2018. The analyses of the yearly misclosures revealed a temporal linear systematic error of 0.08 ± 0.02 mm/year, which is not explained by the budget components. The estimate is statistically significant (α = 0.05) but small in magnitude and accounts for only 11% (adjusted R
2) of the variations in the yearly misclosures. Meanwhile, the yearly misclosures have also a statistically significant constant bias as large as −12.2 ± 0.9 mm, which can be attributed to the lack of a common datum definition for the global mean sea level budget components. Modeling the low-frequency changes of luni-solar origin together with a trend and constant bias parameters reduces variability in the misclosures. Accounting for their effects explains 50% (adjusted R
2) of the fluctuations in the yearly misclosures compared to the 11% if they are not. In addition, unmodeled low-frequency variations in the yearly global budget closure assessments have the propensity of confounding the detection of a statistically significant recent uniform global sea level acceleration triggered by anthropogenic contributors.
Language proficiency and use of interpreters/translators in fieldwork: a survey of US-based anthropologists and sociologists
Authors: Sepielak Katarzyna , Wladyka Dawid , Yaworsky William
Published: October 2022

The proficiency in vernacular has long been a methodological ethos pervasive among field researchers and—despite new dynamics of fieldwork—still overshadows discussions related to collaboration with translators and interpreters, which are either marginalized or hidden within the category of a ‘research assistant’. The purpose of this study is to take a step beyond anecdotal evidence and explore trends in language proficiency and use of translation services among US based field researchers who had conducted international or domestic studies in an area where a language other than English was present. We conducted the largest-to-date survey on the subject and analyzed 913 responses from faculty at sociology and anthropology programs in the United States. We documented their global fieldwork activity and found only limited proficiency in field languages accompanied by a proliferation of reliance on translators and interpreters, not matching any methodological discussion present in the textbooks and other scholarly sources. We indicate disparities in the use of vernacular and translation services in the post-colonial societies and point out related ethical and methodological concerns. Furthermore, we analyze the researchers’ decision-making processes and their general perspectives on the importance of vernacular’s knowledge and opinions on the admissibility of translators in the fieldwork.
The ribosomal chaperone NACA recruits PHD2 to cotranslationally modify HIF‐α
Authors: Song Daisheng , Peng Kai , Palmer Bradleigh E , Lee Frank S
Published: October 2022

Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2)‐catalyzed modification of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐α is a key event in oxygen sensing. We previously showed that the zinc finger of PHD2 binds to a Pro‐Xaa‐Leu‐Glu (PXLE) motif. Here, we show that the zinc finger binds to this motif in the ribosomal chaperone nascent polypeptide complex‐α (NACA). This recruits PHD2 to the translation machinery to cotranslationally modify HIF‐α. Importantly, this cotranslational modification is enhanced by a translational pause sequence in HIF‐α. Mice with a knock‐in Naca gene mutation that abolishes the PXLE motif display erythrocytosis, a reflection of HIF pathway dysregulation. In addition, human erythrocytosis‐associated mutations in the zinc finger of PHD2 ablate interaction with NACA. Tibetans, who have adapted to the hypoxia of high altitude, harbor a PHD2 variant that we previously showed displays a defect in zinc finger binding to p23, a PXLE‐containing HSP90 cochaperone. We show here that Tibetan PHD2 maintains interaction with NACA, thereby showing differential interactions with PXLE‐containing proteins and providing an explanation for why Tibetans are not predisposed to erythrocytosis.
Pregnancy disrupts the accuracy of automated fT4 immunoassays
Authors: Jansen Heleen I , van Herwaarden Antonius E , Huijgen Henk J , Painter Rebecca C , Hillebrand Jacquelien J , Boelen Anita , Heijboer Annemieke C
Published: October 2022

Objective

Thyroid hormone measurements are often performed in pregnant women, as hypo- and hyperthyroidism during pregnancy can severely affect the fetus. Serum free thyroxine (fT4) measurements are well known for their analytical challenges, due to low serum concentrations and the subtle equilibrium between free and bound T4 (to thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin and albumin). Pregnant women have high TBG concentrations due to an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen and lower albumin concentrations which change the equilibrium and may affect the validity of fT4 measurements in their samples. As accurate serum fT4 measurements in pregnant women are important for the long-term health of the fetus, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of several fT4 immunoassays in the serum of pregnant women.

Methods

FT4 was measured in healthy controls and pregnant women using a candidate-reference method (LC-MS/MS) and five commercially available automated immunoassays (Alinity (Abbott), Atellica (Siemens), Cobas (Roche), Lumipulse (Fujirebio) and UniCel DXI (Beckman Coulter)). Method comparisons (Bland Altman plots and Passing and Bablok analyses) were performed.

Results

Serum samples from both healthy controls (n  = 30) and pregnant women (n  = 30; mean gestational age, 24.8 weeks) were collected. The fT4 immunoassays deviated +7 to +29% more from the LC-MS/MS in serum samples of pregnant women than healthy controls (falsely high).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that immunoassays overestimate fT4 in pregnant women, which might lead to an overestimation of thyroid status. Physicians and laboratory specialists should be aware of this phenomenon to avoid drawing false conclusions about thyroid function in pregnant women.