bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pendapatan dan Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Tani Padi: Kasus Petani Padi di Desa Salamrejo, Kecamatan Karangan, Kabupaten Trenggalek, Jawa Timur
Authors: Hamyana Hamyana , Irjayanti Anggun Ristika , Sutoyo Sutoyo
Published: June 2022

Rice is one of the leading commodities in Salamrejo Village, Karangan District, Trenggalek Regency, East Java. However, one of the main problems faced is that the income of rice farmers is not optimal in meeting household needs. Therefore, research is needed to analyze the problems as mentioned above. This study aims to: 1) Knowing the average income of rice farming per hectare in Salamrejo Village, 2) Knowing the simultaneous and partial effects of land, cost, quantity, price and experience factors on rice farming income in Salamrejo Village. The research method uses a survey type by using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The research sample was determined using the simple random sampling type of probability sampling method. Data analysis used farming analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: 1) The average income of rice farming per hectare in Salamrejo Village is Rp 15,562,431 in one growing season, 2) Individually, land has no effect, cost has a negative and significant effect, quantity has a positive and significant effect, price has a positive and significant effect, and experience has no effect, price has a significant positive effect and experience has no effect on rice farming income in Salamrejo village, 3) Taken together on cost, quantity, price and experience have a positive and significant effect on rice farming income in Salamrejo village.
Peningkatan Produktivitas Jagung pada Lahan dengan Cekaman Naungan dan Kekeringan Melalui Penerapan Teknologi Adaptif dan Efisien
Authors: Sumarno Jaka , Saleh Teddy Wahyana , Hiola Fatmah Sari Indah , Rahman Aryandi Kurnia , Moko Hasyim Jamalu
Published: June 2022

Abiotic stress in the form of shading and drought in maize cultivation on rainfed land among plantation crops reduces yield. Therefore, an efficient and adaptive technology package is needed in this growing environment. This study aims to: 1) determine the technical and financial feasibility of the technology package for shade and drought tolerant maize cultivation on rainfed dry land between plantation crops (coconut), and 2) obtain recommendations for shade and drought tolerant varieties. The study was conducted through three trials in two locations in Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province, in 2019 and 2020. To determine the technical feasibility, a field experiment was carried out using a randomized block design method with the introduction of technology package for shade and drought tolerant maize cultivation as a treatment, using 12 hybrid and composite maize varieties. Experiment I had five treatments with six replications, experiment II had eight treatments with four replications, and experiment III consisted of nine treatments with three replications. To determine the financial feasibility, used the partial budget analysis method. The results showed that the technology package for introducing shade and drought tolerant maize cultivation technology was technically and financially feasible, so it was recommended to replace the existing technology. The introduced technology package could increased maize productivity by 72% from an average of 1.706,43 kg/ha to 2.939,45 kg/ha, compared to the existing technology. The change in the use of existing technology to the introduction of maize cultivation technology gave a rate of return (R) = 1,89. In addition, the value of the R/C ratio, B/C ratio, and MBCR were greater than 1. The income from the application of introduced technology was an average of Rp 5.256.815/ha, higher than the existing technology of Rp 2.029.720/ha. The maize varieties recommended for their adaptability and efficiency in areas under both shade stress and drought with a combination of application of the introduction technology package were JH27, HJ21, Nasa-29, NK Sumo, Bisi-18, and Sinhas.
Application of the Electromagnetic Geothermometer in Geothermics and Geothermal Exploration
Authors: Spichak V.V. , Zakharova O.K.
Published: June 2022

—The latest results on electromagnetic geothermometry and its use in geothermics and geothermal exploration have been covered. Temperature models for the well-known geothermal areas, Larderello-Travale (Italy), Soultz-sous-Forêts (France) and Hengill (Iceland), constructed from electromagnetic sounding data and temperature well logs have been analyzed. 2D temperature model built along the magnetotelluric profile crossing the Travale (Italy) geothermal system allowed to locate a potential supercritical reservoir at the depth between two isotherms, TSCF ~ 400 °C and TBDT ~ 600 °C, coinciding with the seismic reflectors, detected earlier. 3D temperature model of the Hengill (Iceland) geothermal area built up to the depth 20 km, using electromagnetic sounding data, allowed us to locate high-temperature magma pockets at shallow depth (2–5 km); these magma pockets can be regarded as targets for geothermal exploration. Joint analysis of the specific resistivity and temperature models, taking into account gravity anomalies, allowed us to locate the zones of different thermal regimes within the crust; this, in turn, explained the observed seismicity pattern by thermo-mechanical properties, rather than by crust spreading. Deep temperature model, built for the Soultz-sous-Forêts (France) geothermal area from magnetotelluric data and temperature well logs, used to locate deep heat sources and predict heat transfer mechanism at depth up to 8 km.
Significance of Granulometric Composition and Physicochemical Properties for Interpreting the Lake Grand Sedimentation
Authors: Minyuk P.S.
Published: June 2022

—The paper is concerned with a study of the slope deposits being weathering products of rhyolites and their tuffs in the vicinity of Lake Grand (northern Okhotsk area). The samples were divided into grain size fractions of 2500, 250, 140, 100, 63, 40, 20, and 1 μm. Analysis for major and trace elements and mineralogical and petrophysical studies were performed for each fraction. It is shown that a decrease in the fraction size is accompanied by the enrichment of the sediments with Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, Y, Rb, Ni, and paramagnetic minerals and by an increase in LOI. The fine fractions are characterized by low contents of SiO2 and Na2O and high values of CIA, PIA, and Rb/Sr. The maximum magnetic susceptibility, saturation magnetization, and contents of CaO, Sr, and Zr are established in the fractions of 40 μm. The values of magnetic susceptibility, Js, and Jrs decrease in passing from the fractions of 40 μm to the fractions of 1 μm, whereas the values of Bc and Bcr increase. A specific feature of these fractions is high paramagnetic susceptibility and the presence of lepidocrocite. The qualitative composition of ferrimagnetic minerals is the same for the slope deposits and lacustrine sediments. In passing from coarse fractions to fine ones, the contents of quartz and K-feldspar decrease, and the contents of muscovite, biotite, chlorite, and kaolinite increase. The distribution of petromagnetic and geochemical characteristics in the Lake Grand sediments of varying grain size is similar to that in the slope deposits. The complex characteristics of the lacustrine sediments that formed in cold and warm periods are consistent with the distribution of these parameters in various fractions of deluvium and colluvium. Moreover, the fine-grained material acquired specific geochemical, mineralogical, and petrophysical properties when being on the slopes. Comparison of the SiO2/TiO2 and Fe2O3/TiO2 ratios of the slope deposits and lacustrine sediments makes it possible to identify the intervals of biogenic and chemogenic sedimentation in water basins.
Favipiravir and/or Nitazoxanide: a randomized, double-blind, 2x2 design, placebo-controlled trial of early therapy in COVID-19 (FANTAZE).
Authors: Smith Tania A. , Hoyo-Vadillo Carlos , Agyeman Akosua , Favari-Perozzi Liliana , Gastine Silke , Debhbi Hakim-Moulay , Villegas-Lara Beatriz , Mateos Eduardo , Perez-Gonzalez Yessica , Navarro-Gualito Maria D. , Cruz-Carvajal Alejandra S. , Cortes-Vazquez Miguel A. , Bekker-Mendez Carolina , Aguirre-Alvarado Charmina , Aguirre-Gil Gisela , Delgado-Pastelin Lucero , Owen Andrew , Lowe David , Standing Joseph F. , Peña Jorge Escobedo-de la
Published: June 2022

Background: The 2020 pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 disease is an unprecedented global emergency. COVID-19 appears to be a disease with an early phase where the virus replicates, coinciding with first presentation of symptoms, followed by a later ‘inflammatory’ phase which results in severe disease in some individuals. It is known from other rapidly progressive infections such as sepsis and influenza that early treatment with antimicrobials is associated with better outcome. The hypothesis is that this holds for COVID-19 and that early antiviral treatment may prevent progression to the later phase of the disease.Methods: Trial design: Phase IIA randomised, double-blind, 2 x 2 design, placebo-controlled, interventional trial.Randomisation: Participants will be randomised 1:1 by stratification, with the following factors: age (≤ 55 vs > 55 years old), gender, obesity (BMI <30 vs ≥30), symptomatic or asymptomatic, current smoking status (Yes = current smoker, No = ex-smoker, never smoker), and presence or absence of comorbidity (defined as diabetes, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease (including previous myocardial infarction), other heart disease (arrhythmia and valvular heart disease), asthma, COPD, other chronic respiratory disease), and if the participant has or not been vaccinated.Blinding: Participants and investigators will both be blinded to treatment allocation (double-blind).Discussion: We propose to conduct a proof-of-principle placebo-controlled clinical trial of favipiravir plus or minus nitazoxanide in health workers, their household members and patients treated at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) facilities. Participants with or without symptomatic COVID-19 or tested positive will be assigned to receive favipiravir plus nitazoxanide or favipiravir plus nitazoxanide placebo. The primary outcome will be the difference in the amount of virus (‘viral load’) in the upper respiratory tract after 5 days of therapy. Secondary outcomes will include hospitalization, major morbidity and mortality, pharmacokinetics, and impact of antiviral therapy on viral genetic mutation rate. If favipiravir with nitazoxanide demonstrates important antiviral effects without significant toxicity, there will be a strong case for a larger trial in people at high risk of hospitalization or intensive care admission, for example older patients and/or those with comorbidities and with early diseaseTrial registration: Register at Clinical Trials: NCT04918927 dated June 9th, 2021.
Linking the scaling of tremor and slow slip near Parkfield, CA
Authors: Huang Hui , Hawthorne Jessica
Published: June 2022

There has been much debate about the fault zone processes that generate slow earthquakes, including tremor and slow slip events. Tremor and slow slip could be generated by the same process operating at different scales or by two distinct processes. The source scaling relation is fundamental to address this problem. Here we investigate how the duration scales with magnitude for tremor near Parkfield, California. We thoroughly search for and detect the low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) that constitute tremor and accurately estimate their durations. Our results show varying durations (0.1-0.6 sec) for LFEs at the same location, suggesting that LFEs’ observed low frequency contents are due to source processes, not path effects. The LFEs’ amplitude and spectra variations are consistent with a linear moment-duration scaling: the same scaling observed among slow slip events. The scaling suggests that tremor and slow slip events are governed by the same fault zone process and that we are searching for a process which allows higher slip rates on smaller faults. Candidate processes may include dilatational strengthening or brittle-viscous shear.
Efficient Implementation of Cancelable Optical Face Recognition Based on Elliptic Curve Encryption
Authors: Eltaieb Rania A. , El-Banby Ghada , El-Shafai Walid , Abdelsamie Fathi E. , Abbas Alaa M.
Published: June 2022

Most modern authentication systems adopt human biometrics to avoid any shortcomings that result from forgetting passwords and security codes utilized in traditional systems. To improve the security level of the original biometric traits from offensive attacks, cancelable biometric patterns are generated from the original biometric templates. This paper presents a new approach for cancelable face recognition based on the concept of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). The ECC is classified as a public-key (asymmetric) encryption technique. In public-key encryption, each user (transmitter and receiver) has two keys: public key, and private-key. The proposed framework guarantees full distortion and encryption of the original biometric traits to be saved in the database to completely save the original biometrics away from intruders. To validate the performance of the proposed approacg, three face biometrics databases have been used. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and correlation scores are estimated to test the system quality. The simulation results prove that the proposed approach is efficient, robust, and it achieves high performance with three face databases.
Description of a new natural fiber extracted from Helianthus tuberosus L. as a composite reinforcement material
Authors: Dalmış Ramazan
Published: June 2022

Natural fiber-reinforced composites are generally believed as eco-friendly, long-lasting, and recyclable materials. Considering this trend, this study characterizes the Helianthus tuberosus L. fiber for polymer-based green composites for the first time. It has been found that Helianthus tuberosus L. fiber has many advantages as a reinforcement material in polymer-based composites. For example, the high roughness provided by the fiber surface in cellular morphology increases the locking into the composite body. One of the most critical advantages is its high thermal stability temperature of 247.3 oC. Also, other advantages of the Helianthus tuberosus L. fiber as a good reinforcement candidate for green composites can be listed as high cellulose content, high crystallinity, and high tensile strength. The hollow fiber structure can allow it to be used in materials used for insulation. Eventually, the high cellulose content of 62.65% supports its use in various industries, including paper and paperboard manufacturing.
Excessive crying in children with cerebral palsy with communication deficits-a fixed-sequence, crossover clinical trial
Authors: Potharaju Nagabhushana Rao
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Pain/discomfort is an under-suspected/underdiagnosed cause of Excessive Crying in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Communication Deficits [ECCCPCD]. A vicious cycle of spasm-pain-spasm sets in due to the difficulty in making an etiopathologic diagnosis and the resulting delay in instituting appropriate treatment. Aim was to study epidemiology, the response of ECCCPCD (due to their age or different ability) to drug therapy and a drug taper after 250 days. Methods: This was a fixed-sequence crossover study of 131 consecutive subjects <15 years with>7.5 hours crying duration/day for 30 straight days. Outcome measures: 1. Epidemiological data. 2. Means of total and unexplained cry durations (TCD and UCD) in hours while on the placebo (M1) and four measurements while on treatment (M2-M5). The effect of drug taper was measured (M4). Results: Paired t-tests between TCD of M1-M2 yielded a mean difference of -3.67 (95% CI -3.80 to -3.53), p <0.001; between UCD of M1-M2,-3.04 (95% CI -3.16 to -2.93), p <0.001. Wilcoxon tests between TCD of M1-M5 yielded medians of 9.98 (95% CI 9.73 to 10.16) and 2.67 (95% CI 2.53 to 2.82), p <0.001. Wilcoxon tests between UCD of M1-M5 yielded medians of 8.22 (95% CI 8.02 to 8.39) and 2.16 (95% CI 2.04 to 2.28), p <0.001. The dosage could be tapered after 250 days of treatment in 67/131 (51.15%) subjects. Conclusions: Treatment of spasticity, dystonia, visceral, and neuropathic pain reduced crying. The drug requirement was less after 250 days of treatment. Parents/caregivers reported improvement in dysphagia/drool when ECCCPCD was treated.
Comparative analysis of supercritical fluid and Soxhlet Prosopis juliflora leaves extract with antifungal traits
Authors: Naik Nagaraj M , Krishnaveni M , Mahadevswamy M , Bheemanna M , Nidoni Udaykumar , Kumar Vasant , K Tejashri
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to screen the bioactive compounds from Prosopis juliflora leaf supercritical fluid extractand to assess its antimicrobial properties. Supercritical fluid CO2 and Soxhlet methods were used for extraction. The extract was subjected to GCMS and FTIR for the qualitative screening of the bioactive compounds.GCMS screening revealed that supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) eluted a greater number of compounds (35) compared to soxhlet extraction (20). Prosopis juliflora leaf SFE extract showed strong antifungal properties against Rhizoctonia bataticola, Alternaria alternata, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with 94.07 percent, 93.15 per cent, and 92.43 per cent, respectivelywhere as extract obtained from Soxhlet registered 55.31,75.63and45.13 percent respectively.Resultsobtained from GCMS/MS screening revealed that supercritical fluid extraction is more effective than soxhlet extraction. Prosopis juliflora may provide antifungal agents, probably a novel inhibitory metabolite and a natural fungicide.
Manipulations of oblique pulling affect sacroiliac joint displacements and ligament strains: a finite element analysis
Authors: Xu Zhun , Feng Ziyu , Zhang Zhaocong , Liao Liqing , Liu Dan , Zhang Kunmu , Yan Yiguo , Li Yikai
Published: June 2022

Background
Clinical studies have found that Manipulation of oblique pulling (MOP) has a good clinical effect on sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain without specific causes. However, there is no uniform standard for MOP at present. The effects of MOPs with different force points and directions on SIJs are not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four MOPs on the stresses and displacements of the normal SIJ and the strains of the surrounding ligaments.
Methods
A three-dimensional finite element model of the pelvis was established. Four MOPs were simulated. The stresses and displacements of the SIJ and the strains of the surrounding ligaments were analyzed under four MOPs.
Results
MOP-F2 caused the highest stress on the pelvis, at 85.0 MPa, while MOP-F3 caused the lowest stress on the pelvis, at 52.6 MPa. MOP-F3 produced the highest stress on the left SIJ, at 6.6 MPa, while MOP-F1 produced the lowest stress on the left SIJ, at 5.6 MPa. The four MOPs mainly produced anterior-posterior displacement of SIJ. The maximum value was 1.21 mm, produced by MOP-F2, while the minimal value was 0.96 mm, produced by MOP-F3. The four MOPs could all cause different degrees of ligament strain around the SIJ, and MOP-F2 produced the greatest ligament strain.
Conclusions
The four MOPs all produced small displacements of the SIJ and different degrees of ligament strain. MOP-F2 produced the largest displacement of SIJ and the greatest ligament strain, which could provide a certain reference for physiotherapists.
Short-term effects of extreme meteorological factors on daily outpatient visits for anxiety in Suzhou, Anhui Province, China: A time series study
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Ji Yanhu , Yang Zidan , Luo Yandong , Li Liping
Published: June 2022

Anxiety disorders are a major public health concern in China. Previous studies have provided evidence for associations between ambient temperature and anxiety outpatient visits, but no studies have examined short-term effects of other meteorological factors such as sunshine duration, wind speed and precipitation on increased anxiety outpatient visits. We aimed to assess the association between climatic factors and outpatient visits for anxiety in Suzhou, a city with a temperate climate in Anhui Province, China. Daily anxiety outpatient visits, meteorological factors, and air pollutants from 2017 to 2019 were collected. A quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression model combined with distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to quantify the effects of extreme meteorological factors (sunshine duration, wind speed and precipitation) on anxiety outpatient visits. All effects were presented as relative risk (RR), with the 90th and 10th percentiles of meteorological factors compared to the median. Subgroup analyses by age and gender were performed to identify susceptible subgroups. A total of 11 323 anxiety outpatient visits were reported. Extremely low sunshine duration, low and high speed speed increased the risk of anxiety outpatient visits. The strongest cumulative effects occurred at lag 0–14 days, and the corresponding RRs of extremely low sunshine duration, low and high wind speed were 1.417 (95% CI: 1.056–1.901), 1.529 (95% CI: 1.028–2.275) and 1.396 (95% CI: 1.007–1.935), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that males and people aged ≥ 45 years appeared to be more susceptible to the cumulative effects of extremely low sunshine duration. In addition, the adverse effects of extreme wind speed were more pronounced in the cold season. This study provides evidence that extreme climatic factors have a lagged effect on anxious outpatient visits. In the context of climate change, these findings may help develop weather-based early warning systems to minimize the effects of extreme meteorological factors on anxiety.
No evidence for an association between alcohol consumption and Multiple Sclerosis risk
Authors: Dreyer-Alster Sapir , Achiron Anat , Giovannoni Gavin , Jacobs Benjamin , Dobson Ruth
Published: June 2022

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterised by episodes of inflammatory demyelination superimposed on gradual neuroaxonal loss. It is a prototypic complex disease in that there is both a heritable component and an environmental component to susceptibility. A protective link between alcohol consumption and MS risk has been demonstrated in Swedish and Danish cohorts, but evidence from other cohorts and mendelian randomisation studies have failed to support such a relationship. We assessed the relationship between alcohol consumption and MS in UK Biobank (UKB), a longitudinal cohort study of ~500,000 adults living in the UK. Despite reasonably statistical power, we found no evidence for an association between alcohol consumption and MS risk, nor did we find evidence of an interaction between non-drinking and HLA-DRB1*15:01.
The Contagious Leader: A Panel Study on Occupational Stress Transfer in a Large Danish Municipality
Authors: Bonnesen Lærke , Pihl-Thingvad Signe , Winter Vera
Published: June 2022

Occupational stress has immense economic and health-related consequences for individuals, organizations, and societies. In this context, the question of whether and how stress among managers transmits to their subordinates is highly interesting, yet not profoundly researched. This study aims to empirically investigate the effect of manager occupational stress on the development of subordinate stress and for how long such effects last in time. We exploit a unique panel dataset based on three different surveys among employees from a large Danish municipality, covering 5,653 employees and their 452 immediate managers between 2016 and 2020. We analyze this data using a fixed effects estimator with clustered robust standard errors, allowing us to significantly reduce potential endogeneity issues. The study shows that managers do in fact ‘transmit’ stress onto their employees, that the relationship is detectable a full year after the initial transmission of stress occurred, and that such an effect fades within additional two years. Our study serves to emphasize the great importance of the psychosocial wellbeing of managers as ‘nerve centers’ for entire job teams and urges organizations to treat stress among personnel on management levels with a high degree of concern.
Perianal Complications in Puerperium and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Iyer Sriranjani , Jadhav Sarojini P. , Kandi Anita , Soyam Suraj
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTIONPuerperium is defined as the period of about six weeks after childbirth during which the mother's reproductive organs return to their original non-pregnant condition. Perianal problems, including Constipation, Hemorrhoids and Fissure, are among the most common digestive complications among women in puerperium, observed in about 30 to 50 percent of women. Considering this great prevalence and the paucity of similar research in this aspect in an Indian population, this study was done to assess the prevalence of perianal problems seen in puerperium and the risk factors associated with it.METHODSThis was a prospective observational cohort study done over the span of 3 years on 902 puerperal ladies. A self structured questionnaire covered detailed history and per-rectal and proctoscopy examination. Patients were followed up telephonically for regression of perianal problems post management. RESULTSThe Total prevalence of all the perianal problems in puerperium encountered in this study, out of 902 subjects, was 36.3% [327 subjects]. The Perianal problems encountered were Fissure in 185 patients [20.5%] followed by Haemorrhoids in 110 patients [12.2%], Perianal episiotomy infections in 25 patients [2.8%] and Perineal tears in 7 patients [0.8%]. On comparative analysis, Positive family history, macrosomia, past history of perianal diseases, second stage of labour >50 minutes showed a higher prevalence in Perianal disease Group as compared to the Healthy group. Out of these, Positive family history of perianal diseases [p=0.015], past history of perianal diseases [p=0.016] were statistically significant. The percentage of multipara with Hemorrhoids was more as compared to primipara [p=0.01], patients who had a past history of any perianal disease have higher chance of Hemorrhoids during puerperium [p=0.00]. Patient with constipation in pregnancy have higher chance of hemorroids in pregnancy [p=0.00]. Patients who had a past history of any perianal disease, had higher chance of fissure during puerperium [p=0.00]. 27.74% of study subjects with macrosomic babies had fissure in their puerperal period which on comparison with patients with non macrosomic babies was only 19.22% and this was statisticallty significant [p=0.02]. CONCLUSIONConstipation, haemorrhoids, anal fissures are the most common perianal problems in postpartum period causing significant reduction in life quality of those afflicted with them.
Molecular characterisation of a novel pathogenic avipoxvirus from an Australian little crow (Corvus bennetti) directly from the clinical sample
Authors: Sarker Subir , Sutherland Michelle
Published: June 2022

Avipoxviruses are thought to be restricted to avian hosts and considered significant pathogens that may impact the conservation of many birds. However, reports of avipoxvirus-like viruses from reptiles suggest that cross-species transmission, within birds and other species, may be possible. The vast majority of avipoxviruses in wild birds remain uncharacterised and their genetic variability is unclear. Here, cutaneous pox lesions were used to recover a novel full-length crowpox virus (CRPV) genome from an Australian little crow (Corvus bennetti), followed by the detection of immature and intracellular mature virions using electron microscopy. The CRPV genome was 328,768 bp in length and contained 403 predicted open-reading frames (ORFs). While 356 of the ORFs of CRPV genome had the greatest similarity with other avipoxviruses gene products, a further 47 ORFs were novel. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses showed that the CRPV was most closely related to other avipoxviruses isolated from passerine and marine bird species and demonstrated the highest sequence similarity with an albatrosspox virus (84.4%). Considering the sequence similarity observed between CRPV and other avipoxviruses and phylogenetic position, this study concluded that the CRPV to be the distinct available candidate of avipoxviruses.
Investigation of PSO algorithms for optimizing dual-Fano-resonance sensor
Authors: Li Chengying , HUANG TIANYE , NI XIAOYONG , Dang Xueyan , Han Lei
Published: June 2022

Objectives
The optimization of the dual-parameter Fano resonance (FR) sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) relies on the conventional parametric sweep method, which is time-consuming and difficult to find the optimized design. This paper aims to investigate the approaches for finding the best design automatically.
Methods
A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm combining the linear weighted sum method (LWSM) and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) are proposed to optimize the structure parameters efficiently. Then the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is used to compare the optimization results with the proposed algorithm.
Results
After several optimization iterations, the PSO-LWSM and PSO-TOPSIS optimize the sensitivity to 795 nm/RIU and 0.024 nm/°C with 30 iterations, and the MOPSO algorithm optimizes the sensitivity to 790 nm/RIU and 0.023 nm/°C with 100 iterations. The structures obtained through these two methods are similar and give the results within a shorter time than the parametric sweep method. The MOPSO algorithm can find more combinations of optimized solutions than the PSO-LWSM and PSO-TOPSIS, but it takes more time.
Conclusion
In summary, the proposed algorithms are better and faster optimization approaches than the traditional parametric scanning method for optimizing FR-based sensors.
Development of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Immune Complex Vaccine Candidate (CRCx) with Broad Immune Responses: A Preclinical Trial in Animal Model.
Authors: Zayed Khalid , Abdulaziz Sherif , Mubaraki Abdullah , Abdallah Khaled
Published: June 2022

Background: The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a serious threat to global public health and imposes a severe burden on the entire human population. Faced with a virus that can mutate its structure while immunity is incapacitated, a need to develop a universal vaccine that can boost immunity to coronaviruses is highly needed.Design: Five formulations of two types (CRCx2 and CRCx3) of immune complexes with an immunogen adjuvant were evaluated in a mouse model as candidate SARS CoV-2 vaccines in a pretrial prior to clinical trials in humans. CRCx3 comprises 3 different formulas and CRCx2 comprises 2. Balb/c mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally on days 0/7 with a high or low dose of CRCx2 or on days 0/7/14 with a high, medium, or low dose of CRCx3 series, and their blood was sampled for serum antibody measurements. Mice were challenged with live virus after immunization with either vaccine to evaluate prophylaxis ability or treated with them after challenge to evaluate therapeutic ability on day 15. Immunological markers and histopathological studies as well as titration of neutralizing antibodies to the vaccines were evaluated and analyzed.Results: CRCx 3 and CRCx 2 vaccine candidates induced elevated levels of positive neutralizing antibodies as well as a cellular immune response with safety, efficient productivity, and good genetic stability for vaccine manufacturing to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 with relatively higher levels with the high dose CRCx2 candidate combination.Conclusions: Highly efficient protection and therapeutic effect against SARS-CoV-2 were obtained with a double-dose immunization schedule spaced at 7-day intervals using injections of 0.25 or 0.40 ml of CRCx2 vaccine formulations with a 25-mm needle. These results support further evaluation of CRCx in a clinical trial on humans.
Azide-functionalized Ligand Enabling Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Dielectric for High-Performance Solution-Processed Oxide Transistors
Authors: Lee Juhyeok , Hassan Syed Zahid , Lee Sangjun , Sim Hye Ryun , Chung Dae Sung
Published: June 2022

We propose a highly efficient crosslinking strategy for organic–inorganic hybrid dielectric layers using newly synthesized azide-functionalized acetyl acetonate, which covalently connect inorganic particles (ZrO2 NP) to polymers (PMMA), enabling highly efficient inter- and intra-crosslinking of organic and inorganic inclusions, resulting in a dense and defect-free thin-film morphology. From the optimized processing conditions, we obtained an excellent dielectric strength of over 4.0 MV/cm, a high dielectric constant of ~ 14, and a low surface energy of 38 mN/m. We demonstrated the fabrication of exceptionally high-performance, hysteresis-free n-type solution-processed oxide transistors comprising an In2O3/ZnO double layer as an active channel with an electron mobility of over 50 cm2V− 1s− 1, on/off ratio of ~ 107, subthreshold swing of 108 mV dec-1, and outstanding bias stability. From temperature-dependent I–V analyses combined with charge transport mechanism analyses, we demonstrated that the proposed hybrid dielectric layer provides percolation-limited charge transport for the In2O3/ZnO double layer under field-effect conditions.
Effects of diversity on thermal niche variation in bird communities under climate change
Authors: Marjakangas Emma-Liina , Santangeli Andrea , Johnston Alison , Michel Nicole L. , Princé Karine , Lehikoinen Aleksi
Published: June 2022

Climate change alters ecological communities through effects on individual species and interactions between species. The impacts of climate change may be buffered by community diversity: diverse communities may be more resistant to climate-driven perturbations than simple communities. Here, we assess how diversity influences long-term thermal niche variation in communities under climate change. We use 50-year continental-scale data on bird communities during breeding and non-breeding seasons to quantify the communities’ thermal variability. Thermal variability is measured as the temporal change in community’s average temperature niche that indicates its response to climate change. Then, we study how the thermal variability varies as a function of taxonomic, functional, and evolutionary diversity using linear models. We find that communities with low thermal niche variation have higher functional diversity, with this pattern being measurable in the non-breeding but not in the breeding season. Given the increasing seasonal variation in the future climate change effects, the differences in bird communities’ thermal variability between breeding and non-breeding seasons may grow wider. Importantly, our results suggest that functionally diverse wildlife communities can mitigate negative effects of climate change by means of hindering changes in thermal niche variability, underscoring the importance of addressing the climate and biodiversity crises together.
Novel approach to push the limit of temporal resolution in ultrafast electron diffraction accelerators
Authors: Esuain Benat Alberdi , Hwang Ji-Gwang , Neumann Axel , Kamps Thorsten
Published: June 2022

Ultrafast electron diffraction techniques that employ relativistic electrons as a probe have been in the spotlight as a key technology for visualizing structural dynamics which take place on a time scale of a few femtoseconds to hundreds femtoseconds. These applications highly demand not only extreme beam quality in 6-D phase space such as a few nanometer transverse emittances and femtosecond duration but also equivalent beam stability. Although these utmost requirements have been demonstrated by a compact setup with a high-gradient electron gun with state-of-the-art laser technologies, this approach is fundamentally restricted by its nature for compressing the electrons in a short distance by a ballistic bunching method. Here, we propose a new methodology that pushes the limit of timing jitter beyond the state-of-the-art by utilizing consecutive RF cavities. This layout already exists in reality for energy recovery linear accelerator demonstrators. Furthermore, the demonstrators are able to provide MHz repetition rates, which are out of reach for most conventional high-gradient electron guns.
Preparation of peanut shell cellulose nanofibrils and their superhydrophobic aerogels and their application on cotton fabrics
Authors: Chen Kouqin , Wang Liming , Xu Lihui , Pan Hong , Hao Huimin , Guo Fangying
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, the application range of biomass materials was more and more extensive.In this work,peanut shell powder was used as the raw material. The nanocellulose is extracted from it by chemical mechanical method.Then, using the sol-gel method, methyltrimethoxysilane(MTMS) is added to the peanut shell nanocellulose suspension to modify it. Finally, the nano-cellulose superhydrophobic aerogel was prepared by freeze-drying method. The nano-cellulose aerogel and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were finished on the cotton fabric by spraying method, and the superhydrophobic aerogel and superhydrophobic cotton fabric were analyzed and characterized respectively. The results show that the prepared nanocellulose aerogel has a three-dimensional sheet-like structure with superhydrophobicity. The hydrophobic properties and water contact angle (WCA) of cotton fabrics were significantly improved after superhydrophobic finishing. The WCA can reach 160.4°, the finished fabric has good antifouling performance and self-cleaning performance, and the oil-water separation efficiency reaches 82.2%.
Heat transfer in aluminum-steel joint and weld tool during the friction stir welding: Simulation and experimental validation
Authors: Ou Wenmin , Guo Guolin , Cui Chenshuo , Zhang Yaocheng , Qian Longgen
Published: June 2022

The heat transfer behaviors are important to control the performance of Aluminum-Steel joint. However, because the models with weld tool are majorly tested for the same material joints, the heat transfer behaviors with weld tool for aluminum-steel joint are not fully understood. In this paper, a novel CFD model with weld tool is developed and tested to investigate the effects of weld tool on the aluminum-steel joint. The calculated temperature and thermal cycles for various traverse speed agreed well with the corresponding IR experimental results. It is found that the model with weld tool can decrease the temperature gradient and inhomogeneity of temperature field for aluminum-steel joint. The model with weld tool can provide calculated viscosity based on the validated temperature field to analysis the insufficient stirring defect of aluminum-steel joint.
Generation of a novel recombinant antibody for sensitive detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Lim Gyu-Min , Kim Joo-Kyung , Kim Eun-Jung , Lee Chang-Soo , Kim Wooseong , Kim Byung-Gee , Jeong Hee-Jin
Published: June 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major pathogen that causes nosocomial infections and often exhibits antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the development of an accurate method for detecting P. aeruginosa is required to control P. aeruginosa-related outbreaks. In this study, we established an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for the sensitive detection of three P. aeruginosa strains, UCBPP PA14, ATCC 27853, and multidrug-resistant ATCC BAA-2108. We produced a recombinant antibody (rAb) against P. aeruginosa using mammalian cells with high yield and purity, and confirmed its P. aeruginosa binding efficiency. The rAb was paired with commercial anti-P. aeruginosa Ab for a sandwich ELISA, resulting in an antigen-concentration- dependent response with a limit of detection value of 23 CFU. These results suggest that the rAb produced herein can be used for the sensitive detection of P. aeruginosa with a wide range of applications in clinical diagnosis and point-of-care testing.
Co-simulation based Digital Twin for Thermal Characteristics of Motorized Spindle
Authors: Yi Haoran , Fan Kaiguo
Published: June 2022

To improve the accuracy of thermal characteristics analysis of motorized spindle, an on-line correction model of thermal boundary conditions is proposed based on BP neural network (BPNN), the experimental data and simulation results are used to build the BPNN model to correct the thermal boundary conditions of motorized spindle. A digital twin system for thermal characteristics is developed based on the co-simulation of Ansys, Matlab, and LabVIEW to accurately predict the temperature field and thermal deformation of motorized spindle under different working conditions. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of temperature field accuracy of the motorized spindle is 98.62%, and the prediction accuracy of thermal deformation is 96.06%, which effectively improves the simulation accuracy of thermal characteristics, and provides the basis for the error compensation and thermal optimization design.
Maternal dietary components in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus: a review of observational studies to timely promotion of health
Authors: Lambert Victoria , Muñoz Sonia Edith , Gil Carla , Roman Maria Dolores
Published: June 2022

There is ample evidence that considers diet an important factor in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this review is to synthesise the evidence between GDM and maternal dietary components. We performed a systematic bibliographic search in Medline, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs) and the Latin American Nutrition Archive (ALAN) for regional and local literature, limiting the searches to observational studies published between 2016 and 2021. Search terms related to nutrients, foods, dietary patterns and the relationship to GDM risk were included. The review included 35 articles, 9 of which were located in América. The articles about maternal dietary components were as follows: 16 for nutrient intake, 4 for food intake, 2 combined nutrient and food analysis and 13 for dietary patterns. Iron, processed meat and a low carbohydrate diet were positively associated with GDM. Antioxidant nutrients, folic acid, fruits, vegetables, legumes and eggs were negatively associated with GDM. Generally, western dietary patterns increase GDM risk and prudent dietary patterns decrease the risk. The importance of a healthy diet early in life and during pregnancy needs to be addressed in clinical practice to anticipate the development of complications, enabling skilled nutrition professionals to act in a timely manner to promote healthy lifestyles.
Severity index for a national foodborne outbreak surveillance system
Authors: Simpson Ryan B. , Sanchez Emily , Sallade Lauren E. , Kulinkina Alexandra V. , Naumova Elena N.
Published: June 2022

Few studies have developed data-driven indices to describe and compare disease outbreak severity with respect to health burdens. We created a severity index using the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) database from 01 January 2009 through 31 December 2019. We identified 11 metrics related to case morbidity/mortality, outbreak duration, and their ratios, normalized natural log-transformed metric values, and generated index scores by averaging complete metrics per outbreak. We compared scores by contaminant, year, and calendar month using Dunn’s tests and tobit regression models. We found 2346 of 9407 outbreaks (24.93%) lacked contaminant information. All-contaminant median score was 0.28 [0.16, 0.43]; Norovirus and Sapovirus outbreaks had lower median scores (0.25-0.26 [0.15, 0.37]) than Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, and Campylobacter outbreaks (0.35-0.47 [0.28, 0.60]). High cases per outbreak duration contributed to increased viral scores while high hospital and healthcare visits per primary cases contributed to increased bacterial scores. All-contaminant severity decreased by ~16% across the study period with summertime seasonal peaks in June-September. Our results emphasize the importance of data quality, integrity, and completeness for data-driven index scores. This index can inform resource allocation strategies for monitoring enteric illness outbreaks and establish an early warning system for real-time surveillance of emerging outbreak threats.
Study on Landscape Performance Evaluation of Rural Microlandscapes in Southeast China
Authors: Shen Lan , Zhang Yikang , Yao Minfeng , Lan Siren
Published: June 2022

This paper discusses the evaluation system based on the Combined Weights-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(CW-TOPSIS) method and evaluates and optimizes the landscape performance of rural microlandscapes in highly urbanized areas by taking rural areas in Jinjiang, Fujian Province, as an example. As a quantitative study on microlandscapes in rural areas, this study constructed evaluation indicators based on the U.S. landscape performance series and combined them with performance evaluation methods in other related fields to establish a landscape performance evaluation system suitable for rural microlandscapes in highly urbanized areas. Taking social benefit as an example, 25 microlandscape projects in Yinglin town, Jinjiang city, comprehensive rankings were based on the AHP-Entropy method and TOPSIS method. In addition, this paper also analyzes the qualitative results reflected in the quantitative data and proposes appropriate optimization schemes and improvement measures to further improve the living environment in rural areas.
The influence of a large build area on the microstructure and mechanical properties of PBF-LB Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Bagasol Axieh Joy , Kaschel Frederico R. , Ramchandran Saranarayanan , Mirihanage Wajira , Browne David , Dowling Denis P.
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the print homogeneity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy parts, when printed over a large build area of 250 Χ 250 Χ 170 mm3, using a production scale laser powder bed additive manufacturing system. The effect of part location across this large build area, was investigated based on printed part porosity, microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties. In addition, a Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment was carried out on the as-built parts, to evaluate its impact on the material properties. A small increase in part porosity from 0.01 to 0.09 % was observed with increasing distance from the argon gas flow inlet, which was located on one side of the build plate, during printing. This effect, which was found to be independent of height from the build plate, is likely to be associated with enhanced levels of condensate or spatter residue, being deposited at distances, further from the gas flow. Despite small differences in porosity, no significant differences were obtained for microstructural features such as prior β grain, α lath thickness and phase fraction, over the entire build area. Due to this, mechanical performance such as hardness and tensile strengths were also found to be homogenous across the build area. Additionally, it was also observed based on the lattice constants, that partial in-situ decomposition of α' → α +β) phases occurred during printing. Post HIP treatment result showed a decrease of 7 and 6%, in the Yield Strength (YS) and Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) respectively, which was associated with a coarsening of α lath widths. The potential of the laser powder bed system for large area printing was successfully demonstrated based on the homogenous microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy parts.