bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of procedural characteristics of life elections of young people depending on types of personal maturity/immaturity
Authors: Rashchupkina Yuliya , Tushnova Yuliya , Alasaad Dalen
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of a study of the procedural characteristics of life choices by young people. The choices of life are choices of lifestyle, career and other significant. For each of the life choices, the process characteristics are considered, which reflect confidence, independence, awareness of choice and expressed in the self-esteem of respondents. The procedural characteristics are analyzed in connection with the maturity of the personality, which determines their specificity for each of life’s choices. Personal maturity is considered as a specific phenomenon, the structure of which is reflected by the integrity of interconnected components, including value-motivational, emotional-volitional, reflective, operational components. Types of personality maturity are distinguished on the basis of the content of each of the components and are considered in the continuum “personality maturity - personality immaturity”. Empirically studied and disclosed are the features of the process characteristics of each of the life choices of young people, depending on the severity and types of their personal maturity. It is empirically established that the severity of the procedural characteristics of each of the life choices is due to the type of maturity or immaturity. Each of the life choices of young people was considered in the context of maturity.
Interrelation of career anchors with education and labor activity motives of students
Authors: Sheveleva Anna , Pankratova Irina
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the research of career orientations (career “anchors”) with education and labor activity motivation of students. 114 students of “Psychological and pedagogical education” took part in the study. It is revealed that the most adequate motivation of education ex-pressed in the predominance of motives for acquiring knowledge and mastering the profession is associated with career orientations “service / dedication to a cause”, “pure challenge”, “technical / functional competence”. In other words, it is connected with aspiration to realize basic values in their careers, to improve the world, to develop and apply professional skills, to solve difficult problems, to overcome obstacles, to win. The career anchor of “service / dedication to a cause” is also associated with an increase of the communicative motive and a decrease of the competitive motive of labor activity. The more students are guided by the formal motive of getting a diploma of higher education, the less the stability of a career is valuable for them. The more utilitarian and pragmatic motive of la-bor activity is expressed in students, the less they are inclined to managerial or entrepreneurial career. The more autonomy and independence in career is valuable for students, the less social usefulness of labor (cooperative motive) is important for them.
Volitional regulation and performance of sports gifted young athletes
Authors: Ulyanova Natalya , Chernykh Oksana
Published: November 2019

The empirical study of the involvement of personal volition in the athletic success of young athletes aged 9 to 18 yearsis presented. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between individual characteristics of volitional processes and the grade of sport performance, determined by the sports qualifications of the respondents.The specifics and requirements ofdifferent kinds of sport have been considered. At the sample of young athletes from 9 to 18 years old (N = 145, M = 13,2 years) for some sports (athletics, rock climbing, football)significant regression models were built. Particular characteristics of volitional processes or their combination were discovered as predictors, and the athlete’s performance was a dependent variable. For other sports disciplines (boxing, rowing, swimming, rhythmic gymnastics), such models could not be identified. Moreover, we established that emotional self-control and determination have a joint effect on the grade of sport performance of athletes who was younger than 13, while for athletesfrom 14 to 18 years oldcommon predictors of performance from among volitional qualities was not found.
Psychological model of the development of moral and will qualities of cadets of the educational organizations of the FPS of Russia
Authors: Yakovleva Svetlana , Kuptsov Ivan , Shatohina Larisa , Shilina Nina
Published: November 2019

The modernization of the penal system of the Russian Federation places high demands on the training of highly qualified personnel in order to optimize the penal system and its quality functioning. The exceptional complexity of employees’ activities dictates high requirements for the development of their moral and will qualities. We suggested that one of the ways to solve this problem will be to develop and implement a psychological model for the development of moral and will qualities of employees at the stage of their university training. The model is aimed at formation of professional self-awareness of employees through formation and development of spiritual and moral values, awareness of own personal and professionally important qualities, as well as motivation to improve them. The model presents step-by-step the movement from the set goal to the intended result, describes mechanisms of psychological support of the educational process: goal and tasks; principles; criteria of formation of moral and will qualities; content of activities on development of moral and will qualities; tools: forms, methods, means of development of moral and will qualities of cadets; result.
Strategies of coping with situations of difficult pedagogical communication among teachers working in residential institutions
Authors: Zadorozhnaya O. V. , Maiba V. V. , Novokhat’ko E. N. , Lomova N. In.
Published: November 2019

Professional activity of teachers working in residential institutions is a special type of activity associated with the strengthening of the action of emotionogenic factors in connection with the specifics of the contingent of students and learning conditions, which often causes the syndrome of emotional burnout. The study conducted a comparative analysis of preferences in the choice of coping strategies, manifested in the success of overcoming situations of difficult pedagogical communication of teachers working in residential institutions and teachers of secondary schools. It is established that coping strategies chosen by respondents of experimental and control groups in situations of problematic communication in accordance with the stage of emotional burnout have qualitative differences: teachers working in residential institutions, at each stage often use coping avoidance and aggressiveness, teachers of secondary schools – coping assertiveness with a tendency to impulsiveness on the background of emotional response. The obtained results are relevant for the programs of prevention of professional burnout of teachers with the help of health-saving technologies and teaching them constructive strategies of coping with stressful professional situations.
Research of psychological features of the personality of students exhibiting addictive behavior
Authors: Bessonova Natalia N. , Butenko Vera S. , Gudz Natalia A. , Kukulyar Anna M.
Published: November 2019

This article is devoted to the study of psychological characteristics of the personality of students experiencing withdrawal syndrome from amphetamine-type psychostimulants. The study was conducted on 45 young men, students of 1-3 courses of universities of Rostov-on-don, rehabilitated In the center of psychological correction “Elephant”. During the study, we used the following methods: 1) the scale of “Amphetamine Cession Symptom Assessment” (ACSA), 2) the scale of Montgomery and Asberg (MADRS); 3) the scale of EuroQol; 4) the scale of self-report (VAS). The results obtained allow us to conclude that among young men with amphetamine dependence accompanied by withdrawal syndrome in the structure of which affective rather than somatovegetative manifestations predominate almost in the complete absence of algic phenomena. Affective disorders diagnosed in the hospital center of the respondents, mainly manifested in the form of depression. The maximum expression of these States, as well as uncontrolled attraction to surfactants was achieved in the interval from the third to the seventh day in withdrawal syndrome. Further the condition of rehabilitators was normalized from the first week and till the twenty-first day of stay. We noted a similar dynamics in assessing the state of their own well-being rehabilitated
The influence of intense stress on the formation of aggressive reactions and ideas of revenge in the population of the post-war region
Authors: Khazhuev Islam , Saidov Aslanbek
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of a study of the specifics of the formation of aggressive reactions and ideas of revenge in the context of experiencing high-intensity stress among people who have experienced traumatic stress in a long-term emergency. The empirical study involved 100 respondents, characterized by the presence of various traumatic experiences, mainly of military etiology. The empirical results of the study indicate the presence of statistically significant relationships between the signs of post-traumatic stress and various forms of aggressive behavior. The empirical results of the study indicate the presence of statistically significant relationships between the signs of post-traumatic stress and various forms of aggressive behavior. Thus, the experience of post-traumatic stress at a remote stage of an extreme situation is accompanied by an increase in suspicion, resentment, anger and irritation reactions, as well as a decrease in the ability of the individual to compromise. In addition, it is also found that persons who have a predominant rate of aggressive reactions, manifested in the form of suspicion and a tendency to attack the style of behavior and communication, characterized by a high level of fixation on the ideas of revenge.
A review of current research on genetic factors associated with the functioning of the perceptual and emotional systems of the brain
Authors: Vorobyeva Elena , Hakunova Fatima , Skirtach Irina , Kovsh Ekaterina
Published: November 2019

This article is a review of modern research on the relationship of genes of neurotransmitter, hormonal and neurotrophic systems of the brain with the work of perceptual and emotional systems of a person. The role of the BDNF, COMT, DRD2, HTR2A and other genes in the processes of visual recognition of words, virtual navigation, social perception, as well as in the implementation of other cognitive, emotional processes and executive functions, is discussed. The prospects of using the accumulated scientific data to study the characteristics of the visual perception of emotionally charged Internet-content with various informational orientations are discussed.
Professional psycholinguistic training of speech therapists in higher education
Authors: Koshcheyeva Olga , Kryuchkov Vladimir , Maltseva Natalia , Yakunina Olga
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the psycholinguistic training of speech therapists in present-day higher education. We argue the importance of psycholinguistic training of undergraduate and graduate students majoring in speech therapy and describe the educational design and implementation of psycholinguistic training at the Faculty of Pedagogical and Special Needs Education of Saratov National Research State University.
The environmental specifics of aggressive delinquent juveniles’ family system and organizing career-guidance for them as a tool of their reintegration into society
Authors: Krenevа Julia , Ozerova Tatyana , Ermakov Pavel
Published: November 2019

This article is devoted to the problem of organizing labor nurturing for delinquent juveniles held in correctional facilities, and career guidance work with this category of juvenile delinquents. The article substantiates the urgency of the research question, reveals the conditions and reasons for committing offenses by adolescents that lead to undesirable consequences, in particular, to criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment. The specific features of families with various types of disfunctions forming deviations and delinquency in adolescents are described in the paper. The analysis of literature on organizing labor nurturing of juvenile convicts is carried out. The characteristic features of adolescence are given: the specifics of the age are described in terms of ongoing physiological and psychological changes, as well as changes in the social situation. The specifics of developing psychocorrection programs for the above-noted category of minors aimed at the formation of their professional interests and labor skills are given. The main tasks of this type of work with delinquent adolescents held in correctional facilities are described, the primary of which are adolescents’ successful reintegration in society, including labor re-socialization, and prevention of recidivism.
Psychological and pedagogical competence of parents raising children included in joint education: theory and practice of research
Authors: Slusareva Elena , Kabushko Anna , Dontsov Aleksej
Published: November 2019

The article presents theoretical approaches and an empirical study of the problem of psychological and pedagogical competence of parents of children included in joint education as conditions for the effective implementation of inclusive educational practice. Theoretical approaches to the definition of «psychological and pedagogical competence of parents», its structural components and their content, due to the specifics of joint education of children with different psychophysiological status, are considered. The results of an empirical study of the psychological and pedagogical competence of parents of two groups are presented: parents of children of primary school age with normal psychophysical development and parents of children with disabilities included in joint (inclusive) education. The reliability of the research results is due to the use of a complex of methods of theoretical and empirical research, the representativeness of the sample: 354 parents raising children included in joint education.
Legal regulation peculiarities of the implementation of educational and enlightenment projects as the direction of the information space formation of knowledge
Authors: Alekseeva Marina , Isakova Julia , Linkin Victor , Dyshekova Oksana
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the legal analysis of the implementation of educational and enlightenment projects in terms of the information space formation. The aims of the work were to carry out the legal analysis of the terminology of the notions “educational project” and “enlightenment project” in the legal acts of regulation the mechanism of educational policy, justification of the necessity for unification of the approaches in the implementation of educational programs and development of the exact criteria of the evaluation for carrying out the educational and enlightenment projects in terms of information space of knowledge. The conducted analysis showed that the conditions for the functioning of the electronic informational and educational environment are created by numerous Internet projects, search systems, newsletters, forums, online consultations, audio-visual services, social services in the Web 2.0 format, user content and information resources (of public and scientific-methodological nature). The main types of educational projects implemented by means creating conditions for the information space formation of knowledge are identified: media and social educational projects (public media projects), enlightenment projects in the Internet space (enlightenment projects with the use of the possibilities of mass media communications, interactive enlightenment projects) and information enlightenment projects.
Greening of education in modern society
Authors: Isakova Julia , Pchelnikov Maxim
Published: November 2019

The necessity of transition to ecologically oriented civilization, conditionality of formation of system of knowledge in education education and culture is shown. The system of values of ecocentric orientation is offered. In the conditions of transitive modern society the complex of ecologically significant skills is formed at receiving education and is transformed into internal beliefs of the individual. It is argued that the modern reality requires immediate initiation and development of ecological education of youth at all stages and levels of education: the state of the environment can not wait for full formation of generations, which is subject-oriented environmental education in early childhood, and does not allow time for long-term experiments.
Russian Legal System in the Context of the Transitive Society
Authors: Nebratenko Gennady , Studenikina Svetlana , Kazantseva Olga , Moskaleva Tatyana
Published: November 2019

In the context of the transitive society building one emphasizes the significance of the tendencies and perspectives of the development of legal and regulatory framework of the national policy in the sphere of education which, as well as the law, is a part of the social system, and the national legal system is the constituent element of the latter. This fact correlates with the problems of the Russian law system and transitional society that are considered in this article.
Regulatory and pedagogical aspects of the formation of anti-corruption legal awareness in educational institutions
Authors: Sarayev Nikolay , Antipova Natalya , Polyanichko Natalia
Published: November 2019

An insufficient level of legal awareness of Russian citizens is a serious problem of ensuring law and order and forms a general destructive background for the development of corruption. Important factors influencing the formation of anti-corruption justice are the quality level of upbringing and training in educational institutions, the consolidation and development of the principles of legal awareness among students, the change in the quality of education and training of educational institutions, including the consolidation and development of the principles of anti-corruption legal awareness among students, and traditions of respect to the law as the predominant model of social behavior, as well as overcoming legal nihilism. It is at school age that active legal socialization occurs. The main burden in the formation of value attitudes towards anti-corruption behavior should be taken by school legal education. The purpose of the study was to study the laws of the educational process on the formation of anti-corruption legal awareness among students, the development of value orientations on the inadmissibility of corruption in the future.
Die unklare Leberraumforderung
Authors: Roderburg Christoph , Loosen Sven H. , Bruners Philipp , Luedde Tom
Published: November 2019

Unknown liver lesions represent a common clinical challenge, for example in the context of routine ultrasound examinations of primary care physicians. There are different data on the prevalence of primary liver lesions in the literature. As such, a forensic autopsy series described focal liver lesions in about 50 % of all examined men between 35 and 69 years of age with an increasing incidence for older people. In the diagnostic work-up of unclear liver lesions, a careful distinction between lesions that occur in asymptomatic and healthy individuals and are benign in over 95 % of cases, and lesion found in patients with pre-existing malignant, inflammatory or cirrhotic disease must be made. The main goal in the diagnosis of unclear liver lesions is to prove the benignity of the lesion and to exclude a malignant cause as reliably as possible. In case of benign lesions, an attempt should be made to achieve an exact classification. The most common benign focal liver lesions include liver cysts, focal fatty liver deposition or sparing, haemangiomas, focal calcifications, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), nodular regenerative hyperplasia, biliary hamartomas (von-Meyenburg complexes) and hepatocellular adenomas. Abscesses, inflammatory infiltrations or pseudotumors as well as sites of extramedullary haematopoiesis are observed much less frequently. Among the most frequent malignant focal liver lesions are metastases of other tumor entities such as colorectal cancer or pancreatic adenocarcinoma as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA). Other entities such as hepatic lymphomas or mesenchymal malignant neoplasia are extremely rare.
Störung des Sozialverhaltens und Antisoziale Persönlichkeitsstörung - Herausforderungen in der Transition vom Jugend- zum Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Koelch Michael G. , Döpfner Manfred , Freitag Christine M. , Dulz Birger , Rösler Michael
Published: November 2019

Aggressives Verhalten ist ein häufiges Phänomen in der Kindheit und Jugend. Es ist auch ein häufiger Anlass für eine Behandlung in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und psychotherapie. Störungen des Sozialverhaltens bergen ein hohes Risiko für eine lebenslange Problematik, auch für das spätere Auftreten komorbider Suchterkrankungen oder affektiver Störungen. Die Behandlung im Übergang zum Erwachsenenalter ist schwierig, weil zum einen oft die Einsicht bei den Betroffenen in die Probleme und langfristige Konsequenzen fehlt, zum anderen verspricht hier nicht allein die psychiatrische und psychotherapeutische Behandlung Erfolg. Vielmehr sind umfassende interdisziplinäre Interventionen unter Einbezug der Jugendhilfe, der Familie und des Umfeldes notwendig. Forschungslücken bestehen sowohl in der Implementation evidenzbasierter Therapieinterventionen, wie auch der Forschung zu besonderen Risikogruppen (z. B. Mädchen oder Jugendliche mit Substanzabusus).
Antikoagulation bei Patienten mit nichtvalvulärem Vorhofflimmern (nvVHF) und eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion (NI)
Authors: Zeymer Uwe , Bonnemeier Hendrik , Wanner Christoph
Published: November 2019

Nichtvalvuläres Vorhofflimmern (nvVHF) ist wegen des assoziierten Schlaganfallrisikos eine Hauptindikation der oralen Antikoagulation. Viele dieser Patienten zeigen eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion, die das Schlaganfall- und Blutungsrisiko erhöht. Bei Niereninsuffizienz und nvVHF werden Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) von den Leitlinien aufgrund der heterogenen Studienlage nur zurückhaltend empfohlen – laut Fachinformation sind sie bei manifester Nierenfunktionsstörung kontraindiziert. Neue orale Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) sind bei Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz ab einer Kreatinin-Clearance (KrCl) von 25 oder 30 ml/min klinisch untersucht und zugelassen, die Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren können auch bei einer KrCl > 15 ml/min angewendet werden. NOAK zeigen gegenüber VKA ein günstiges Nutzen-Risiko-Profil bei der Reduktion von Schlaganfällen, sonstigen thromboembolischen Ereignissen und Todesfällen einerseits und beim Auftreten von Blutungen andererseits und werden daher von den ESC-Leitlinien empfohlen.
Intelligenzminderung
Authors: Gaese Franziska , Häßler Frank , Menzel Martin
Published: November 2019

Einleitung Für junge Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung (IM) besteht ein spezifischer Unterstützungsbedarf für die Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden medizinischen Versorgung im Übergang in das Erwachsenenleben.

Methode Beschrieben werden die Kernsymptomatik bei Intelligenzminderung, Verlauf und typische Komorbidität, die epidemiologische Relevanz, die spezifische Transitionslücke und sich hieraus ergebende Empfehlungen.

Ergebnisse Strukturierungsbedarf besteht anlässlich kognitiver, sozialer und kommunikativer Einschränkungen. Atypische Verläufe und ein erhöhtes Risiko für Verhaltens-, psychische und somatische Störungen sowie Gewalt- und Missbrauchserfahrungen bedingen komplexe Vorgehensweisen.

Schlussfolgerung Zur Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden gesundheitlichen Versorgung bedarf es der Wissensvermittlung und der Vorhaltung geeigneter und erreichbarer Strukturen einer multimodalen, interdisziplinären und vernetzten Versorgung zur Überleitung und Weiterversorgung, einschließlich deren Finanzierung.
Antibiotic Stewardship im Krankenhaus
Authors: Friedrichs Anette , Kramme Evelyn
Published: November 2019

Im Jahr 2015 waren gemäß dem European Center for Disease Control (ECDC) ca. 33 000 Todesfälle in der Europäischen Union (EU) und Staaten des Europäischen Wirtschaftsraumes durch Antibiotika-resistente Erreger ausgelöst. In Deutschland gab es ca. 5500 Infektionen und ca. 2400 Todesfälle 1. In einem aktuellen Bericht warnen die Vereinten Nationen (UN) davor, dass bei weiterer Resistenzentwicklung auch gängige Infektionen wie Pneumonien, Harnwegsinfektionen und Geschlechtserkrankungen zunehmend unbehandelbar würden. Diesem Verlauf seien zügig Maßnahmenpakete entgegenzusetzen, die aktuell in den Industrienationen noch nahezu kostenneutral umsetzbar seien 2. Diese Berichte verdeutlichen die Dringlichkeit, Maßnahmen im Krankenhaus umzusetzen, die der bakteriellen Resistenzentwicklung entgegenwirken. Dies ist das Ziel von Antibiotic Stewardship (ABS) im Krankenhaus. Die aktualisierte Leitlinie stellt Voraussetzungen und sinnvolle Strategien sowie deren Evidenz dar und wird im folgenden Artikel zusammengefasst.
Früherkennung und Frühintervention bei psychotischen Störungen in der Transitionsphase
Authors: Karow Anne , Holtmann Martin , Koutsouleris Nikolaus , Pfennig Andrea , Resch Franz
Published: November 2019

Die Adoleszenz ist aufgrund des Hirnreifungsprozesses und vor allem bei zusätzlichen Belastungsfaktoren ein besonders vulnerables Alter für die Erstmanifestation von Psychosen mit negativen psychosozialen Konsequenzen für die Betroffenen und ihre Angehörigen. Die Nachteile eines frühen Erkrankungsalters können teilweise durch eine hochqualitative Früherkennung und Frühbehandlung unter einer Berücksichtigung transitionsmedizinischer Versorgungsansätze ausgeglichen werden. Für die Förderung einer erfolgreichen Transition heranwachsender PatientInnen mit Psychosen bestehen praxisbezogene Empfehlungen zum Aufbau populationsbezogener, flexibler und nachgehender Früherkennungs- und Behandlungsnetzwerke, in denen MitarbeiterInnen diagnose-, alters- und fachübergreifend settingübergreifend zusammenarbeiten und eine erfolgreiche Transition strukturiert, flächendeckend, patientenorientiert und flexibel ermöglichen.
Antimikrobielle Therapie der Harnwegsinfektionen
Authors: Konik Margarethe , Bartonickova Lucia , Witzke Oliver
Published: November 2019

Harnwegsinfektionen gehören zu den häufigsten Infektionen im ambulanten Bereich und stellen auch die häufigsten nosokomialen Infektionen dar. Die typischen Symptome sind Schmerzen beim Wasserlassen (Algurie), häufiges Wasserlassen (Pollakisurie), imperativer Harndrang (Strangurie) und ggf. Hämaturie. Es wird eine unkomplizierte von einer komplizierten Harnwegsinfektion unterschieden, die sich im Keimspektrum und dadurch in der therapeutischen Strategie unterscheiden. Harnwegsinfekte bei Männern sollten in der Regel als komplizierte Infektionen eingeschätzt werden, da die Prostata mitbetroffen sein kann. Als Diagnostik stehen die Anamnese, die körperliche Untersuchung, die Urinuntersuchung durch Schnellstreifentest, die Mikroskopie und die Urinkultur zur Verfügung. Der häufigste Erreger von unkomplizierten Harnwegsinfektionen ist Escherichia coli, gefolgt mit Abstand von Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis und Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bei komplizierten Harnwegsinfektionen sollte der vorherige Erregernachweis berücksichtigt werden, wenn dieser bekannt ist. Bei einer akuten unkomplizierten Harnwegsinfektion ist eine orale kurzzeitige antimikrobielle Therapie empfohlen, um die klinischen Symptome rasch zu beenden. Die Dauer der Therapie orientiert sich am klinischen Verlauf.
A Large Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Secondary to Idiopathic Necrotizing Aortitis—A Rare but Important Cause of Thoracic Aortic Disease
Authors: Smeeton Benjamin , Mustaev Muslim , Sabetai Michael
Published: November 2019

Idiopathic necrotizing aortitis is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic or giant cell-associated inflammation of the aorta, with no specific identifiable cause. We present the case of a 79-year-old man who sought medical attention from his primary care physician because of worsening shortness of breath. The patient underwent an elective ascending aorta, hemiarch, and aortic valve replacement. Histological examination of the aortic specimen demonstrated an unusually thin aorta with features consistent with necrotizing aortitis with giant cell infiltration.
Efficacy and Safety of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors on Top of Ticagrelor in STEMI: A Subanalysis of the ATLANTIC Trial
Authors: Tavenier Anne H. , Hermanides Renicus S. , Fabris Enrico , Lapostolle Frédéric , Silvain Johanne , ten Berg Jurrien M. , Lassen Jens F. , Bolognese Leonardo , Cantor Warren J. , Cequier Ángel , Chettibi Mohamed , Goodman Shaun G. , Hammett Christopher J. , Huber Kurt , Janzon Magnus , Merkely Béla , Storey Robert F. , Zeymer Uwe , Ecollan Patrick , Collet Jean-Phillipe , Willems Frank F. , Diallo Abdourahmane , Vicaut Eric , Hamm Christian W. , Montalescot Gilles , van 't Hof Arnoud W. J. ,   ATLANTIC investigators
Published: November 2019

Background Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) in combination with clopidogrel improve clinical outcome in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); however, finding a balance that minimizes both thrombotic and bleeding risk remains fundamental. The efficacy and safety of GPI in addition to ticagrelor, a more potent P2Y12-inhibitor, have not been fully investigated.

Methods 1,630 STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were analyzed in this subanalysis of the ATLANTIC trial. Patients were divided in three groups: no GPI, GPI administration routinely before primary PCI, and GPI administration in bailout situations. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, urgent target revascularization, and definite stent thrombosis at 30 days. The safety outcome was non-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)-related PLATO major bleeding at 30 days.

Results Compared with no GPI (n = 930), routine GPI (n = 525) or bailout GPI (n = 175) was not associated with an improved primary efficacy outcome (4.2% no GPI vs. 4.0% routine GPI vs. 6.9% bailout GPI; p = 0.58). After multivariate analysis, the use of GPI in bailout situations was associated with a higher incidence of non-CABG-related bleeding compared with no GPI (odds ratio [OR] 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–6.64; p = 0.03). However, routine GPI use compared with no GPI was not associated with a significant increase in bleeding (OR 1.78, 95% CI 0.88–3.61; p = 0.92).

Conclusion Use of GPIs in addition to ticagrelor in STEMI patients was not associated with an improvement in 30-day ischemic outcome. A significant increase in 30-day non-CABG-related PLATO major bleeding was seen in patients who received GPIs in a bailout situation.
Use of a Modified Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy with Double Cut and Medial Crescentic Closing Wedge Osteotomy to Treat Dogs with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Tibial Valgus Deformity
Authors: Vezzoni Luca , Bazzo Sara , Boiocchi Silvia , Vezzoni Aldo
Published: November 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to report efficacy of a modified tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) with double cut and medial crescentic closing wedge osteotomy (TPLO/MCCWO) to treat dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture and concurrent tibial valgus.

Study Design This study was a cases series.

Materials and Methods Medical records of dogs that had TPLO with medial crescentic closing wedge osteotomy were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, body weight, pre- and postoperative tibial valgus angle, tibial plateau angle (TPA), surgical planning, corrective osteotomy technique, method of fixation, complications, and length of time to radiographic healing.

Results Fifty-two surgical procedures performed in 45 dogs (7 bilateral) were included in the study. Mean age at surgery was 54 months, and body weight ranged from 5 to 63 kg (mean: 36.5 kg). Mean pre- and postoperative mechanical medial proximal tibial angle were 101° (98°–107°) and 92.80° (88°–97°) respectively. The mean pre- and postoperative TPA were 27.80° (16–35°) and 6.50° (3–11°) respectively. Intraoperative complications occurred in two stifles: in one stifle over-rotation of the proximal tibial segment resulted in a TPA of –8°, with immediate revision to a 5° TPA; in the second stifle a fissure of the lateral tibial cortex developed during insertion of a screw and required adjunctive fixation. No postoperative complications were recorded and all osteotomies healed uneventfully.

Conclusions Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy/medial crescentic closing wedge osteotomy is an effective treatment for dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture and tibial valgus allowing accurate correction of the tibial deformity with a low complication rate.
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome among Infants Born to Mothers with Sickle Cell Hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Brown Jewel A. , Sinkey Rachel G. , Steffensen Thora S. , Louis-Jacques Adetola F. , Louis Judette M.
Published: November 2019

Objective The objective of this study is to examine risk factors for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) among infants born to mothers with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies (SCH).

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of nonanomalous, singleton infants born to mothers with laboratory confirmed SCH. Infants were included if they were diagnosed with NAS prior to hospital discharge. The outcome of interest was the association of maternal variables with NAS.

Results Of 131 infants born to mothers with SCH, 4% (n = 5) were diagnosed with NAS. Mothers of infants with NAS were more likely to have SC disease (80%) compared with other SCH (20%), p = 0.001. Fifteen women had antepartum (AP) admissions for pain and/or sickle crisis. Of these patients, four infants (29%) were diagnosed with NAS. The median (5th and 95th percentile) maternal AP length of stay for women with infants diagnosed with NAS to mothers with sickle cell disease was 132 (5, 180) days (p = 0.02).

Conclusion Incidence of NAS among mothers with SCH is low; severe disease characterized by AP sickle cell crisis requiring prolonged AP admission for pain control significantly increases the risk of NAS. Further studies are needed to investigate the association of maternal opioid dose and NAS.
Improved Computed Tomography Accuracy with a 1-mm versus 2- or 3-mm Slice Thickness for the Detection of Medial Coronoid Disease in Dogs
Authors: Zweifel Raffaela T. , DiDonato Pamela , Hartmann Antje , Kramer Martin , von Pückler Kerstin H.
Published: November 2019

Objective Computed tomography (CT) is used complementarily to radiography for the evaluation of medial coronoid disease (MCD). We hypothesized that a slice thickness > 2 mm would significantly affect the image quality and detection of fragmentation of the medial coronoid process. This study aimed to assess CT features indicating direct and indirect evidence of MCD in 168 CT studies with slice thicknesses of 1-, 2- and 3 mm.

Materials and Methods The CT studies were blinded in terms of CT slice thickness and patient data and randomly assessed by two independent observers. All dogs underwent arthroscopic evaluation of the elbow joints. Both observers were unaware of the arthroscopic findings.

Results Notably, blurring of the bone contour (p = 0.0001) was significantly influenced by slice thickness; here, a 1-mm thickness yielded a predominantly sharp and well-defined bone contour (observer 1, 91%; observer 2, 79%), whereas 2- (observer 1, 39.3%; observer 2, 56.3%) and especially 3-mm slice thicknesses yielded blurred margins with significantly reduced sharpness (observer 1, 0%; observer 2, 12.5%). The 1-mm slice thickness also yielded the highest fragment detection rate (observer 1, 55.4%; observer 2, 60.4%). Furthermore, the detection of fragment positions and of single fragments and fissures differed substantially with slice thickness.

Clinical Relevance The findings of this study support the hypothesis that a CT slice thickness of ≥ 2 mm significantly affects fragment detection. In conclusion, a CT slice thickness of at least 1 mm is recommended for the assessment of MCD of the canine elbow.
Recurrent Demyelinating Episodes as Sole Manifestation of Inherited CD59 Deficiency
Authors: Solmaz Ismail , Aytekin Elif Soyak , Çağdaş Deniz , Tan Cagman , Tezcan Ilhan , Gocmen Rahsan , Haliloglu Goknur , Anlar Banu
Published: November 2019

Defects in the regulatory components of the complement system can lead to inflammatory diseases. We present a patient who had four episodes of demyelination in the central nervous system as the only manifestation of inherited CD59 deficiency. Relapsing encephalopathy partially responsive to intravenous immunoglobulin and steroid treatments on the background of parental consanguinity suggested an inherited immune dysregulation. Next generation sequencing revealed homozygous mutation in the CD59 gene, confirmed by lack of CD59 expression on flow cytometry. Inherited CD59 deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by chronic hemolysis, recurrent strokes, and relapsing peripheral demyelinating neuropathy mimicking Guillain–Barré syndrome or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Recurrent central nervous system demyelinating episodes as the only manifestation has not been reported to date in inherited CD59 deficiency. This entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with early-onset recurrent neurological diseases with central or peripheral origin.
A system of ionized gas dynamics
Authors: Asakura Fumioki , Corli Andrea
Published: November 2019

The aim of this paper is to study a system of three equations for ionized gas dynamics at high temperature in one spatial dimension. In addition to the mass density, pressure, and particle velocity, a further quantity is needed, namely, the degree of ionization. The system is supplemented by the first and second law of thermodynamics and by an equation of state; all of them involve the degree of ionization. Finally, under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the system is closed by requiring Saha’s ionization equation. The geometric properties of the system are rather complicated: in particular, we prove the loss of convexity (genuine nonlinearity) for both forward and backward characteristic fields and hence the loss of concavity of the physical entropy. This takes place in a small bounded region, which we are able to characterize by numerical estimates on the state functions. The structure of shock waves is also studied by a detailed analysis of the Hugoniot locus.
Temperature controlled Ru and RuO2 growth via O* radical-enhanced atomic layer deposition with Ru(EtCp)2
Authors: Kozodaev M. G. , Lebedinskii Y. Y. , Chernikova A. G. , Korostylev E. V. , Chouprik A. A. , Khakimov R. R. , Markeev Andrey M. , Hwang C. S.
Published: November 2019

This work demonstrates by in vacuo X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction that Ru(EtCp)2 and O* radical-enhanced atomic layer deposition, where EtCp means the ethylcyclopentadienyl group, provides the growth of either RuO2 or Ru thin films depending on the deposition temperature (Tdep), while different mechanisms are responsible for the growth of RuO2 and Ru. The thin films deposited at temperatures ranging from 200 to 260 °C consisted of polycrystalline rutile RuO2 phase revealing, according to atomic force microscopy and the four-point probe method, a low roughness (∼1.7 nm at 15 nm film thickness) and a resistivity of ≈83 µΩ cm. This low-temperature RuO2 growth was based on Ru(EtCp)2 adsorption, subsequent ligand removal, and Ru oxidation by active oxygen. The clear saturative behavior with regard to the precursor and reactant doses and each purge time, as well as the good step coverage of the film growth onto 3D structures, inherent to genuine surface-controlled atomic layer deposition, were confirmed for the lowest Tdep of 200 °C. However, at Tdep = 260 °C, a competition between film growth and etching was found, resulted in not-saturative growth. At higher deposition temperatures (300–340 °C), the growth of metallic Ru thin films with a resistivity down to ≈12 µΩ cm was demonstrated, where the film growth was proved to follow a combustion mechanism known for molecular oxygen-based Ru growth processes. However, this process lacked the truly saturative growth with regard to the precursor and reactant doses due to the etching predominance.
A multi-layer platform for low-loss nonlinear silicon photonics
Authors: MacFarlane Neil , Kossey Michael R. , Stroud Jasper R. , Foster Mark A. , Foster Amy C.
Published: November 2019

We demonstrate four-wave mixing (FWM) interactions in a-Si:H waveguides in a multilayer integrated silicon photonic chip. The a-Si:H waveguides are accessed through interlayer couplers from waveguides composed of SiNx. The interlayer couplers achieve a coupling of 0.51 dB loss per transition at the target wavelength of 1550 nm. We observe greater idler power extraction and conversion efficiency from the FWM interaction in the interlayer-coupled multilayer waveguides than in single-material waveguides.
Expanding a polarized synchrotron beam for full-field x-ray fluorescence imaging
Authors: Zhao Wenyang , Hirano Keiichi , Sakurai Kenji
Published: November 2019

Full-field x-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging is an efficient technique for investigating element composition of a sample and the corresponding spatial distribution. Eliminating scattering x-rays is important for visualizing diluted/trace elements clearly. However, using the linear polarization of synchrotron radiation to remove scattering in full-field XRF imaging has not been feasible for many years because a synchrotron beam is inherently narrow in the direction perpendicular to the polarization and a large imaging area and a low scattering background cannot be simultaneously achieved. In this study, the trade-off was solved by expanding a synchrotron beam in the direction perpendicular to the polarization using an asymmetric-cut Si crystal. Large areas of samples were illuminated. In addition, a collimator plate, which only transmitted scattering x-rays that spread in the polarization direction, was used for imaging. Therefore, the detected scattering intensity was low. The present full-field XRF imaging scheme with a size-expanded polarized synchrotron beam is well suited for visualizing diluted/trace elements. It could be extended to x-ray absorption edge fine structure imaging for analyzing the chemical state of diluted/trace elements in inhomogeneous samples.
An isogenic hiPSC-derived BBB-on-a-chip
Authors: Motallebnejad Pedram , Thomas Andrew , Swisher Sarah L. , Azarin Samira M.
Published: November 2019

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that regulate brain homeostasis, and astrocytes within the brain are involved in the maintenance of the BBB or modulation of its integrity in disease states via secreted factors. A major challenge in modeling the normal or diseased BBB is that conventional in vitro models lack either the physiological complexity of the BBB or key functional features such as formation of a sufficiently tight barrier. In this study, we utilized human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived BMECs in a BBB-on-a-chip device that supports flow and coculture with an astrocyte-laden 3D hydrogel. The BMECs are separated from the hydrogel by a porous membrane with either 0.4 or 8.0 μm pore size, making the device suitable for studying the transport of molecules or cells, respectively, across the BBB. In addition, all cells seeded in the device are differentiated from the same hiPSC line, which could enable genetic and rare disease modeling. Formation of a confluent BMEC barrier was confirmed by immunocytochemistry of tight junction proteins and measurement of fluorescein permeability. Integrity of the barrier was further assessed by performing impedance spectroscopy in the device. Finally, the ability of this device to recapitulate a disease model of BBB disruption was demonstrated, with apical addition of TGF-β1 leading to transendothelial electrical resistance reduction and indicators of astrocyte activation. These results demonstrate the utility of the fabricated device for a broad range of applications such as drug screening and mechanistic studies of BBB disruption.
Observation of the Δ
g mechanism resulting from the ultrafast spin dynamics that follow the photolysis of coenzyme B12
Authors: Hughes Joanna A. , Hardman Samantha J. O. , Scrutton Nigel S. , Graham Darren M. , Woodward Jonathan R. , Jones Alex R.
Published: November 2019

Throughout nature, both free radicals and transient radical reaction intermediates are vital to many biological functions. Coenzyme B12 is a case in point. This organometallic cofactor generates a radical pair upon activation in its dependent enzymes by substrate binding and following photolysis. The resulting cob(ii)alamin/5′-deoxyadenosyl radical pair has unusual magnetic properties that present a challenge to detailed investigation at ambient temperatures. Here, we use femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy adapted for magnetic field exposure to reveal that the spin dynamics of the B12 radical pair are sufficiently fast for magnetic field effects to be observed on the ultrafast reaction kinetics. Moreover, the large difference in g-values between the radicals of the pair means that effects of the Δg mechanism are observed for the first time for a radical pair system exposed to magnetic fields below 1 T. Spin dynamic simulations allow a value of the cob(ii)alamin radical g-value (2.105) at ambient temperature to be extracted and, because the spin dynamic time scale is faster than the diffusional rotation of the cob(ii)alamin radical, the observed value corresponds to the anisotropic g|| value for this radical.
Enhanced pyroelectric properties of Bi1−xLaxFeO3 thin films
Authors: Zhang Lei , Huang Yen-Lin , Velarde Gabriel , Ghosh Anirban , Pandya Shishir , Garcia David , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Martin Lane W.
Published: November 2019

There is growing interest in the study of thin-film pyroelectric materials because of their potential for high performance thermal-energy conversion, thermal sensing, and beyond. Electrothermal susceptibilities, such as pyroelectricity, are known to be enhanced in proximity to polar instabilities, and this is conventionally accomplished by positioning the material close to a temperature-driven ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition. The high Curie temperature (TC) for many ferroelectrics, however, limits the utility of these materials at room-temperature. Here, the nature of pyroelectric response in thin films of the widely studied multiferroic Bi1−xLaxFeO3 (x = 0–0.45) is probed. While BiFeO3 itself has a high TC, lanthanum substitution results in a chemically induced lowering of the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric and structural-phase transition. The effect of isovalent lanthanum substitution on the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and pyroelectric response is investigated using reciprocal-space-mapping studies; field-, frequency-, and temperature-dependent electrical measurements; and phase-sensitive pyroelectric measurements, respectively. While BiFeO3 itself has a rather small pyroelectric coefficient at room temperature (∼−40 µC/m2 K), 15% lanthanum substitution results in an enhancement of the pyroelectric coefficient by 100% which is found to arise from a systematic lowering of TC.