bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How children find their way: Access, adaptability and aesthetics in the organisation and design of a new children's library
Authors: Vold Tonje , Evjen Sunniva
Published: December 2016

The organization and presentation of books and media is a central part of accessibility in libraries, and a central part of the libraries' presentation of itself. Traditionally, this is based on specific classification schemes, categorization, and alphabetization, performed by trained librarians. This paper investigates a different approach in a children's library, where the children themselves have decided how books should be organized and displayed within the library, and try to identify what messages about childhood the organization, space and design convey. Our initial research suggests that the library's organization promotes serendipity as guiding principle. Giving control to the users signals a desire to empower children, and creating a sense of ownership. The space itself signals fun, but also a homeliness that support multifaceted use.
Research outside academia? – An analysis of resources in extra‐academic report writing
Authors: Börjesson Lisa
Published: December 2016

A significant part of all research takes place in extra‐academic organizations. Practitioner researchers often present their results in publications different from those in academia, e.g. in reports, sometimes (and here) referred to as “gray literature”. Gray literature is increasingly available online. However, availability does not mean that reports are exploited to their full potential in research. Disciplines like archaeology have substantial problems with the scholarly communication and knowledge sharing between extra‐academic and academic research. This paper approaches this problem from a report‐user perspective. For the benefit of potential report users' gray literature literacies, report‐writing practices are analyzed by means of practice theory. Qualitative interviews with six practitioner researchers in Swedish archaeology firms make up the material. The analysis focuses on how report writers draw on regulative, institutional, and infrastructural resources in their practices. Based on the findings about the practices in which reports are written and become informative, the paper presents seven suggestions supporting report users' potential to critically analyze and use report content. The results contribute to the information science field with insights into extra‐academic information practices, and as input in a wider critical discussion of the information‐related conditions for research outside academia.
Three types of affect tags for art images
Authors: Lopatovska Irene
Published: December 2016

Art images are characterized by affective properties that are rarely captured by current classification practices. We conducted a study to test three methods for developing affect descriptors for art images. The first method relied on affect tags derived from analysis of an image's subject matter and colors. The second method involved affect tags derived from analysis of a viewer's facial expressions of emotions associated with each image. The third method relied on affect tags assigned to an image by viewers. The strengths, limitations, and potential of each affect tagging method for art images are discussed.
Evaluating the credibility of english web sources as a foreign‐language searcher
Authors: Young Alyson L. , Komlodi Anita , Rózsa Gyöngyi , Chu Peng
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we present preliminary findings from an exploratory mixed‐methods study of foreign‐language searchers' credibility assessment of web documents when searching in English. Findings highlight a set of criteria used by these searchers to assess the credibility and accuracy of English web sources, the most frequent of which relates to source reputation. Foreign language searchers are more likely to trust an English language source if it is familiar or if it is the official source of information. Design aesthetics and functionality also have an impact on credibility. Findings have implications for the design of online sources that better support credibility assessments of foreign‐language searchers.
“Searching for inspiration”: User needs and search architecture in Europeana collections
Authors: Hill Timothy , Charles Valentine , Stiller Juliane , Isaac Antoine
Published: December 2016

Drawing upon research and current development work at Europeana, this paper discusses search functionality in the Cultural Heritage sector, focusing in particular on the question of ‘inspiration‐oriented’ search, in which users seek out previously‐unknown items to serve as creative stimulus. Inspiration‐oriented search is identified as a variant of the more widely‐studied problem of serendipitous retrieval, and defined as an information‐seeking behavior in which users consciously search for items that are related to known items in ways that are recognizable once seen, but that are nevertheless unpredictable at search‐time. Various strategies for the maximization of both the recognisability and unpredictability of related items are then described, including user‐interface and user‐experience changes and the reconceptualization of datastores as knowledge graphs. Directions for further research are then outlined – including, most importantly, possible metrics for inspiration‐oriented search and their potential for use in machine‐learning ranking frameworks.
Data curation profiling of biocollections
Authors: Bishop Bradley Wade , Hank Carolyn
Published: December 2016

In the contexts of the data deluge and open data, scientists studying biodiversity benefit from online access to global datasets of existing vouchered biological and paleontological collections. Using biocollections collected over time across the world allows for the advancement of scientific knowledge concerning evolution in process as well as species poleward migrations, an indicator of climate change. This study's purpose was to validate and expand the Data Curation Profiles (DCP) to digital biocollections and inform a DCP framework for worldwide biota. Ten biocollection producers, curating various types of specimens affiliated with the project building the United States' national biodiversity infrastructure, were interviewed using the DCP questionnaire. Results indicate there is extreme diversity in the curation of biocollections and additional DCP questions should be added to reflect the complicated approaches to biological data curation. Although discipline specific metadata creation tools, standards, and practices enable long‐term sustainability of the U.S. digitization effort, some scientists would benefit from further clarification and guidance on the information needs of consumers beyond designated communities of expert users, and the long‐term preservation of biocollections.
What makes a query temporally sensitive?
Authors: Willis Craig , Sherman Garrick , Efron Miles
Published: December 2016

This work examines factors that affect manual classifications of “temporally sensitive” information needs. We introduce the concepts oftemporal relevanceandtemporal topicalityto differentiate between different aspects of temporal retrieval research. We use qualitative and quantitative techniques to analyze 660 topics from the Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) previously used in the experimental evaluation of temporal retrieval models. We use regression analysis to model previous manual classifications. We identify factors and potential problems with previous classifications, proposing principles and guidelines for future work on the evaluation of temporal retrieval models.
Using affective signals as implicit indicators of information relevance and information processing strategies
Authors: González‐Ibáñez Roberto , Shah Chirag
Published: December 2016

Search engines have become increasingly better at providing information to users. However, they still face major challenges, such as determining how searchers process information, how they make relevance judgments, and how their cognitive or emotional states affect their search progress. We address these challenges by exploring searchers' affective dimension. In particular, we investigate how feelings, facial expressions, and electrodermal activity (EDA) could help to understand information relevance, search progress, and information processing strategies (IPS). To meet this goal, we designed an experiment in which 45 participants were exposed to affective stimuli prior to solving a fact‐finding search task. Results indicate that initial affective dimensions are linked to IPSs, search progress, and task completion. However, further analyses suggest that affective‐related features alone have limited utility in the binary classification of relevance using machine learning techniques.
Enhancing agency through information: A phenomenographic exploration of young people's political information experiences
Authors: Smith Lauren , McMenemy David
Published: December 2016

This paper reports the findings of research into young people's experiences of political information. We used a phenomenographic approach to identify variations in experiences of political information. The research explores how young people use information and technology to mediate political information to develop knowledge to become informed citizens. It focuses on how processes of discovery, production, retrieval, manipulation, dissemination, use, and evaluation of information are utilised in different ways by young people through a range of information behaviour techniques. 23 interviews and 3 focus groups were conducted with pupils aged 14–15 at a secondary school in England. The interviews and focus groups were recorded and transcripts and notes taken during the data collection sessions formed the data for analysis. Phenomenographic analysis was carried out, utilising manual coding and NVivo software. A phenomenographic outcome space represents the six qualitatively different ways in which the participants experienced political information, and identifies a range of political information sources, including social media and online news sources, which inform young people's political knowledge and attitudes. The outcome space illustrates the differences in ways young people experience political information and suggests potential for development to more complex ways of understanding the information they encounter. This represents a contribution to understanding the variation in information experiences and is of theoretical and practical value.
An investigation of retracted articles in the biomedical literature
Authors: Budd John M. , Coble Zach , Abritis Alison
Published: December 2016

A major challenge to formal scientific communication is the retraction of published works. This study includes a detailed analysis of retracted articles in biomedical literature, including categorization of the reasons for retraction. The examination covers the years 2010 through 2014. Analysis also includes citations to articles retracted between 2001 and 2005. The totality of the investigation is couched within the context of communication in the biomedical sciences and, to a lesser extent, of the formulation of theories of citation.
The durability and fragility of knowledge infrastructures: Lessons learned from astronomy
Authors: Borgman Christine L. , Sands Ashley E. , Darch Peter T. , Golshan Milena S.
Published: December 2016

Infrastructures are not inherently durable or fragile, yet all are fragile over the long term. Durability requires care and maintenance of individual components and the links between them. Astronomy is an ideal domain in which to study knowledge infrastructures, due to its long history, transparency, and accumulation of observational data over a period of centuries. Research reported here draws upon a long‐term study of scientific data practices to ask questions about the durability and fragility of infrastructures for data in astronomy. Methods include interviews, ethnography, and document analysis. As astronomy has become a digital science, the community has invested in shared instruments, data standards, digital archives, metadata and discovery services, and other relatively durable infrastructure components. Several features of data practices in astronomy contribute to the fragility of that infrastructure. These include different archiving practices between ground‐ and space‐based missions, between sky surveys and investigator‐led projects, and between observational and simulated data. Infrastructure components are tightly coupled, based on international agreements. However, the durability of these infrastructures relies on much invisible work – cataloging, metadata, and other labor conducted by information professionals. Continual investments in care and maintenance of the human and technical components of these infrastructures are necessary for sustainability.
Collectivist information behavior: Mentoring circles as sites for knowledge creation
Authors: Given Lisa M. , Kelly Wade B.
Published: December 2016

Information behavior research has typically explored individual‐level practices, even within studies of groups and group activities. Although collaborative information seeking has emerged in recent years to explore how people search for and share information, much of this research also focuses on individual‐level experiences. Collectivist approaches to information behavior have been conducted in only a few studies in the discipline; however, collectivism offers a unique, holistic way to study information practices at within‐group levels. Collectivism also accounts for the social, professional, and other contextual elements that shape group members' information practices when pursuing common shared goals. This exploratory qualitative study used focus groups situated in a constructivist grounded theory methodology to investigate wine industry members' experiences while engaging in peer mentoring circles. Designed as a professional development activity, the mentoring circles provided a platform for the development of long‐term relationships among group members to foster information sharing and knowledge creation relevant to their work environments. The emergent results make a significant contribution to the field as they outline key conditions under which collectivist groups support members' information needs. Findings point to the importance of group cohesion developed through shared (industry‐based) language and knowledge and development of kin‐like relationships to generate unique knowledge communities. Interdependency and reciprocity are shown to play key roles in motivating individual group members to share information with their peers.
Impact of patient‐provider communication on online health information behaviors in chronic illness
Authors: Costello Kaitlin L.
Published: December 2016

This manuscript analyzes the role that patient‐provider communication has in shaping online health information seeking in patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease [CKD]. Data were collected and analyzed over two years using grounded theory methods; the findings presented in this manuscript are a subset of the results from this larger study. Twelve participants, all diagnosed with CKD, were each interviewed twice for a total of 24 interviews; the posts they made to three different online support groups were also harvested. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method until theoretical saturation was reached. There are multiple factors related to patient‐provider communication that influence online health information seeking, including dismissive responses from providers, the type of information need, time pressure, information overload, the healthcare system, and the desire to verify or crosscheck information by consulting multiple sources. These results highlight the importance of effective communication between people diagnosed with CKD and their healthcare providers, as these interactions impact online health information behavior. In particular, providers should foster an open attitude towards online health information seeking; they should also encourage patients to verify information found online.
Crowdsourcing mobile content through games: An analysis of contribution patterns
Authors: Goh Dion Hoe‐Lian , Pe‐Than Ei Pa Pa , Lee Chei Sian
Published: December 2016

Crowdsourcing of mobile content has become a major way of populating information‐rich online environments. One approach to motivate participation is via games. That is, a crowdsourcing game is built upon the desire of individuals to be entertained while generating useful outputs as byproducts of gameplay. A gap in current research is that actual usage patterns of crowdsourcing games have not been investigated adequately. We address this gap by comparing content creation patterns in a game for crowdsourcing mobile content against a non‐game version. Our analysis of 3024 contributions in both apps reveal 10 categories, divided into: (1) those that conform more to the notion of mobile content utilized to learn about a specific place or for navigational purposes; and (2) those that were about the content creator himself/herself, or in relation to other users or other non‐playing individuals, with the location as a backdrop, similar to status updates in social media platforms like Twitter. We argue that both categories are potentially useful in that they meet different needs, and together could serve to recruit and sustain participation in the longer term. Further, the distribution of categories varied across the apps, indicating that the features afforded by games shape behavior differently from non‐game‐based approaches to crowdsourcing.
Cardinal: Novel software for studying file management behavior
Authors: Dinneen Jesse David , Frissen Ilja , Odoni Fabian , Julien Charles‐Antoine
Published: December 2016

In this paper we describe the design and trial use of Cardinal, novel software that overcomes the limitations of existing research tools used in personal information management (PIM) studies focusing on file management (FM) behavior. Cardinal facilitates large‐scale collection of FM behavior data along an extensive list of file system properties and additional relevant dimensions (e.g., demographic, software and hardware, etc). It enables anonymous, remote, and asynchronous participation across the 3 major operating systems, uses a simple interface, and provides value to participants by presenting a summary of their file and folder collections. In a 15‐day trial implementation, Cardinal examined over 2.3 million files across 46 unsupervised participants. To test its adaptability we extended it to also collect psychological questionnaire responses and technological data from each participant. Participation sessions took an average of just over 10 minutes to complete, and participants reported positive impressions of their interactions. Following the pilot, we revised Cardinal to further decrease participation time and improve the user interface. Our tests suggest that Cardinal is a viable tool for FM research, and so we have made its source freely available to the PIM community.
Perception and effectiveness of search advertising on smartphones
Authors: Domachowski Alexa , Griesbaum Joachim , Heuwing Ben
Published: December 2016

This paper explores the perception and effectiveness of mobile search ads from the perspective of users. The study investigates the attention and interaction of users as well as their subjective estimation of paid listings within Google search results on smartphones. During the tests, each of the 20 users has to accomplish four different search tasks. Data collection methods combine eye‐tracking with click‐through analysis and interviews. Results indicate that there is no “ad blindness” on mobile search, but similar to desktop search, users also tend to avoid search advertising on smartphones. For mobile search, ads appear to cause higher usability costs than on desktop.
Changing approaches to research synthesis affect social and intellectual structures of science
Authors: Sheble Laura
Published: December 2016

Research synthesis methods, like collaboration and interdisciplinary research, comprise practices through which scholarly and scientific knowledge is integrated. The methods, which include meta‐analysis and integrative or systematic review, are also arguably one of the most important contemporary methodological innovations in many social, medical, health, and perhaps other sciences. As an innovative research practice, research synthesis, like many innovations, may be associated with complex or unexpected consequences as it diffuses through the research system. This study examines the extent to which the diffusion of research synthesis methods has affected levels of collaboration and research use through comparison with literature reviews in five fields. In Social Work and Information and Library Science, more authors contributed to research syntheses than reviews. There was no difference in number of authors in the biological sciences examined: two to four authors typically contributed to both reviews and syntheses. Research syntheses were used more than reviews in Conservation Biology and Women's Studies. In Social Work, research syntheses and reviews were cited at similar levels, but production of reviews decreased as syntheses increased, suggesting that research synthesis was becoming the predominant approach to review, while traditional reviews remained valuable to researchers though in an increasingly narrow range of contexts. In Information and Library Science, research reviews were used more than research syntheses, and trends suggest that research reviews are a relatively rare but highly prized – or at least frequently used – resource. No difference was found between use of research syntheses and reviews in Evolutionary Biology. Future research should investigate relationships between different approaches to knowledge integration in the context of science fields, which would lead to a better understanding of integration, or synthesis, in science overall.
A proof of concept personalized music player for persons with alzheimer's disease
Authors: Stoeckle Marc , Freund Luanne
Published: December 2016

Numerous studies have shown that persons diagnosed with mild to severe Alzheimer's disease exhibit positive reactions when listening to familiar music. Results show that the disease spares musical memory in comparison to other memory parts of the brain until very late stages of Alzheimer's. This project explores the potential of a minimal user‐interface design prototype for smart devices that relies upon simple user interactions, i.e. browsing and skipping, to identify and retrieve familiar and preferred music. We report on the results of a small Wizard of Oz study that provides support for the initial design concept and input to the next round of the design cycle. Most participants were able to interact with the device and to quickly identify preferred music that provided a useful starting point for collaborative filtering‐based recommendations.
An exploration of “localness” on twitter during the 2012 U.S. elections
Authors: Million A. J. , Bishop Bradley Wade , Goggins Sean P.
Published: December 2016

This poster presents an exploratory method used to analyze the geography of Twitter use. A shift has taken place in political speech from local to diffuse online environments, which necessitates the use of new tools and methods to analyze discourse. As such, this study presents a geo‐spatial analysis of tweets to members of the U.S. Congress in 2012 to aid researchers carrying out comparable research in the future. This poster also presents summarized findings about the sometimes localized, often national distribution of geo‐located tweets to Congress members. This poster concludes by calling for discussion about spatial analysis and social media tools, while highlighting methodological problems encountered in this study and offering directions for future research.
Comparing citation characteristics based on reference entries, in‐text citations, and essential citations
Authors: Lin Chi‐Shiou
Published: December 2016

In this poster, we describe partial findings from a larger study that explores the influences of three different citation bases (reference entries, in‐text citations, and essential citations) on the results of citation analysis in social sciences and humanities. Various citation characteristics such as document type, document language, self‐citation rate, cited half life, and subject distributions of cited works will systematically compared to understand whether the selection of citation base did have an influence on the results. The completed analyses of the sociology discipline will be presented in this poster.
Deconstructing the failure: Analyzing the unanswered questions within educational Q&A
Authors: Rath Manasa , Shah Chirag
Published: December 2016

Community Question and Answering (CQA) is a well‐known platform for knowledge sharing and social learning. CQA services have expanded into the education sector, where school students are the main users. Here, CQA functions as a non‐traditional learning environment in which students use their own knowledge to construct the knowledge base. However, there have been cases where some questions are not answered within such a Q&A system. This failure may occur if a question is unclear, complex, inappropriate, or unrelated to the subject in which it is contextualized. While experts do not answer posted questions, co‐users moderate responses and help maintain answer quality. However, due to the presence of users from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, many questions remain unanswered. The current study analyzes and explores the failed questions collected from Brainly, a social learning Q&A platform for school students. The quality of 1,000 questions extracted from this service is analyzed based on human‐based ratings and extracted textual features. The findings show that a relationship can be drawn between the non‐textual assessment results and the objective textually extracted features. This further encourages the study of why a question might be of poor quality. The findings also show which subjects contain the highest number of unanswered questions. These results will further help us to understand how questions should be restructured to obtain answers from their askers' peers.
Effects of color of book cover and typeface of title and author name on gaze duration and choice behavior for books: Evidence from an eye‐tracking experiment
Authors: Nakahata Shoko , Sakamoto Emiko , Oda Akiho , Kobata Noriko , Sato Sho
Published: December 2016

This study explores the effect of color of book cover and typeface of title and author name on human gaze behavior while browsing bookshelves. An eye‐tracking experiment was performed with 23 participants, using a wearable eye‐tracker and 96 books. The difference of gaze duration time and the number of book subjects chosen was analyzed in two categories: between warm color book covers and cold color ones, and between Ming‐style typeface and Gothic typeface. Results showed no effect of book cover color on gaze duration and user choice. However, typeface of book title and author name had an effect. It was revealed that Gothic typeface was more attractive if book titles had meaning.
Examining task relationships in multitasking consumer search sessions: A query log analysis
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Zhang Pengyi , Wang Jun
Published: December 2016

With the advancement of the Internet, search has expanded to every aspect of our daily lives including online shopping. Previous research has discovered that the focused, one‐time search task model does not apply in many real‐life settings and people engage in multitasking sessions. In this poster, we examined the relationships among tasks in multitasking product search through query log analysis. We analyzed 2,910 users' 47,387 queries in 18,102 product search sessions fromtaobao.com, the biggest Chinese C2C e‐commerce site. Results show that: (1) 35.7% of all search sessions were multi‐tasking sessions; (2) users' issued more queries and spent more time in multitasking sessions, but the number of queries per task remained similar for mono‐tasking and multitasking sessions; (3) about 80% of the tasks were unrelated in multitasking sessions, while the other 20% were hierarchical and sibling tasks. The results provide exploratory understanding of the relationships among multiple product search tasks, and could be useful for query recommendation and product recommendation.
Information diffusion and opinion change during thegezi park protests: Homophily or social influence?
Authors: Dincelli Ersin , Hong Yuan , DePaula Nic
Published: December 2016

Growth in online, opinion‐rich sources of information, such as social networking websites, microblogs, and discussion forums, makes it possible for information to spread and reach others more easily than ever. During social movements the diffusion of ideas on these online platforms, along with other factors, may influence users' decision of what to think or who to support. This paper develops a study to investigate the effects of homophily mechanism as it may impact individuals' opinions and, in particular how opinions about a certain event change over time through mimicry and conformity. In this paper we present a Twitter dataset of communication during theGezi Park Proteststhat took place in Turkey in 2013. We also present preliminary results based on text analysis and future steps for testing the effects of homophily mechanism.
How do scientists determine data reusability? A quasi‐experiment think‐aloud study
Authors: Murillo Angela P.
Published: December 2016

This poster presents preliminary findings of a quasi‐experiment think‐aloud study where scientists were presented four canned results of information regarding earth science data in a counter‐balanced design. Scientists were asked to think‐aloud regarding what information about the data assisted them in their ability to determine reusability of that dataset. Sixteen scientists from various earth science fields participated in the study. Each scientist responded to four canned results, a post‐result usefulness survey, a post‐search rank‐order survey, and a post‐search survey. Participants stated that concise data descriptions, attribute and unit lists, as well as research methods steps were particularly important in their ability to determine reusability of data. Participants preferred more robust results over less robust results, and stated that they would rather have too much information than to request the data to find out it actually did not serve their needs.
Newcomers from the other side of the globe: International students' local information seeking during adjustment
Authors: Oh Chi Young , Butler Brian S.
Published: December 2016

Through the findings from a longitudinal survey and the preliminary analysis of the follow‐up interviews, this paper explores how international newcomer students' needs for local information and their information‐seeking behavior develop during adjustment to new host environments. Also, this study examines the relationships between their local information behaviors and the demographic and socio‐national contexts of newcomer students. The results are discussed in a way to deepen our understanding of international students' information‐seeking behavior during adjustment to unfamiliar local environments and the various contexts that shape the changes of their information behavior over time. Finally, this paper provides implications for developing information behavior models and theories in the contexts of newcomers and for designing information systems, policies, and services to better support international students' information practices and adjustment in unfamiliar environments.
Opinions and use of mobile information technology among older people in northern finland – preliminary results of a population based study
Authors: Enwald Heidi , Kangas Maarit , Keränen Niina , Korpelainen Raija , Huvila Isto , Jämsä Timo
Published: December 2016

Older people's usage of mobile devices is increasing. This study is part of the GASEL project and seeks to increase the understanding of the use of mobile information technology and opinions towards it. Opinions are compared between genders and age groups. The population based data were collected by conducting a questionnaire survey. A random sample of 1,500 adults 65 years of age or older was obtained from the Finnish Population Register Centre. The number of respondents was 918 with a response rate of 61.2 %. About one fifth (n=169) had used a tablet computer and approximately one third (n=226) had used a mobile phone with a touch screen in the past 12 months without encountering major difficulties. The respondents had mostly thought that using the devices would not be easy. They had also thought that the usage would not be too expensive for them. Men and younger old people held more positive opinions towards these new technologies. Older people are slower in adapting and accepting new technologies and this should be taken into account when designing services, applications and content, as these technologies have the potential to enrichen the lives of this specific population group.
Piracy, public access, and preservation: An exploration of sustainable accessibility in a public torrent index
Authors: Martin John D.
Published: December 2016

Members of the Pirate Parties International have claimed that torrent networks have the potential to function as repositories for popular cultural materials and historical primary source data. The Pirate Bay is the world's most popular public index for tracking and downloading torrents. Using a snapshot of torrents on the site, this study considers the potential for torrent networks to preserve and provide access to cultural materials in the form of digital media content. Metadata from 2.1 million torrents were categorized by media type and the robustness of given torrents was assessed. Trends over time, such as number of uploads and volume, were also investigated. This study found that relatively few torrents exhibit long‐term survivability, even though the overall volume in the index shows continuous increase.
Red flags in data: Learning from failed data reuse experiences
Authors: Yoon Ayoung
Published: December 2016

This study examined the data reusers' failed or unsuccessful experience to understand what constituted reusers' failure. Learning from failed experiences is necessary to understand why the failure occurred and to prevent the failure or convert the failure to success. This study offers an alternative view on data reuse practices and provides insights for facilitating data reuse processes by eliminating core components of failure. From the interviews with 23 quantitative social science data reusers who had failed data reuse experiences, the study findings suggest: (a) ease of reuse, particularly the issue of access and interoperability, is the important initial condition for a successful data reuse experience; (b) understanding data through documentation may be less of an issue, at least for experienced researchers to make their data reuse unsuccessful, although the process can still be challenging; and (c) the major component of failed experience is the lack of support in reusing data, which emphasizes the need to develop a support system for data reusers.
Research trends in mothers' health information seeking behaviors: A review of the literature
Authors: Lee Hanseul Stephanie
Published: December 2016

This study aims to identify and examine research trends relating to mothers' health information seeking behaviors from 1994 to August 2015. Eighty‐seven articles from multiple disciplines were selected systematically and reviewed in diverse aspects: characteristics of the articles, use of theories, information sources, and seeking strategies. This research topic has been given numerous attention since 1994. In particular, the number of publications skyrocketed since 2013. Twenty‐two different theories and models have been utilized in examining mothers' health information seeking behaviors. Furthermore, four seeking strategies of mothers were recognized as asking questions, utilizing multiple sources, borrowing medical literature from libraries, and sharing experiences with friends. Implications for future research in this topic are discussed.
Sentiment analysis and topic extraction of the twitter network of #prayforparis
Authors: Chong Miyoung
Published: December 2016

Social media includes a copious amount of sentiment‐embodied sentences. Sentiment is described as “a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty,” which may depict the emotional state of the user, such as happy, glad, terrified, miserable, or the author's viewpoint on a topic. In social science, emotions and sentiment make up a significant part of social life and are interconnected with social relationships. When experiencing emotions, people want to reveal those emotions to other people. This study seeks to validate whether the Emotional Contagion social theory holds true in microblogging data. This theory implies that related people tend to have more similar sentiments or opinions. Motivated by this sociological observation, the study explores the sentiment‐semantics of the Twitter network of #prayforparis through sentiment analysis and topic extraction. Social Network Analysis was conducted using NodeXL to investigate the research questions. The study implemented R for conducting sentiment analysis and generating word clouds with the collected data. The study also conducted content analysis of tweets through topic extraction by applying the most recent version of SAS Enterprise Miner (13.2). In conclusion, the results confirmed the Emotional Contagion Theory in the Twitter network of #prayforparis.
Shopping for sources: An everyday information behavior exploration of grocery shoppers' information sources
Authors: Ocepek Melissa G.
Published: December 2016

The field of everyday information behavior addresses how individuals interact with information in their daily lives. Previous research in the field has largely ignored the banal and quotidian portions of everyday life, such as grocery shopping, which represents a gap the current project fills. Through two empirical studies using qualitative methods, the present work presents the prevalence and variety of information sources used by grocery shoppers. Findings indicate that grocery shoppers rely on close human sources, domain‐specific sources, and on surprisingly few online sources throughout the process of their grocery shopping. The findings demonstrate the information‐richness of grocery shopping and suggest that other everyday spaces may be fruitful areas for information behavior research.
Using low‐cost electroencephalography (EEG) sensor to identify perceived relevance on web search
Authors: González‐Ibáñez Roberto , Escobar‐Macaya María , Manriquez Manuel
Published: December 2016

This poster presents preliminary results from a user study designed to evaluate the feasibility to use a low‐cost EEG sensor in the identification of information relevance as perceived by users. The study involved 10 participants, both graduate and undergraduate students, performing a self‐motivated exploratory search task contextualized on the literature review for their own thesis work. The study design comprised two stages that focus on (1) snippets collection and (2) explicit relevance assessments. In both stages, participants wore a low‐cost electroencephalography (EEG) sensor that provides measures related to two mental states (i.e. attention and meditation). Analyses focused on comparing the presence and intensity of these mental states in the set of pages (both relevant and non‐relevant) classified by the users themselves. Results showed that attention levels and blink intensity in relevant pages are significantly higher than in non‐relevant ones.
Walk1916: Exploring how a mobile walking tour app can provide value for LAMs
Authors: Cushing Amber L. , Cowan Benjamin R.
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we describe preliminary findings of semi‐structured interviews with eight testers of the Walk1916 mobile walking tour of the Easter Rising in Dublin, Ireland. While some LAMs have begun to integrate mobile technology into their suite of tools to enhance the cultural heritage experience, most studies align the value of these tools with existing institutional measures of impact. Understanding the ways in which users value a mobile app that integrates digital collections with a walking tour allows LAMs to develop best practices for use of such tools associated with the cultural heritage experiences, as well as ways to assess such tools. Preliminary findings suggest that geo‐location and the ability to compare between archival image and modern day add significant value to the users' cultural heritage experiences.
Which team benefits from collaboration?: Investigating collaborative information seeking using personal and social contextual signals
Authors: Choi Dongho , Shah Chirag , Singh Vivek
Published: December 2016

Collaboration often involves looking for information together to achieve a common goal, such as a collaborative search task. A general expectation in collaboration is that through working together, participants obtain better outcomes than those achieved by individual efforts. However, this is not always true and certain collaborative teams benefit more from collaboration than others. This study aims to identify the settings in which teams perform the best in exploratory search tasks. Specifically, this study considers a variety of social signals to characterize individuals (e.g. number of phone calls, number of sms messages) and identify the pairs of individuals who are likely to perform best in collaborative information seeking tasks. Based on an exploratory multi‐method study (N=35) involving “in‐the‐wild” phone data collection for two weeks and one in‐lab search session, we report that: (1) the difference in social activities between the collaborators' daily lives was found to be associated with collaborative information seeking performance and (2) one member of a team – one who has lower social interaction – might significantly influence the outcomes for the team. The results pave way for future study design and analysis in the area of sensor‐enhanced collaborative information seeking.
Surface functionalization of WSe2 by F16CoPc
Authors: Rückerl Florian , Klaproth Tom , Schuster Roman , Büchner Bernd , Knupfer Martin
Published: December 2016

We have investigated the electronic properties of WSe2 surfaces covered by fluorinated cobalt phthalocyanine (F16CoPc) using photoemission spectroscopy. We show that a charge transfer occurs at this interface, which results in the creation of holes in the WSe2 surface while the Co center of the phthalocyanine is reduced to Co(I). We observe a potential change in WSe2 approaching the surface as a consequence of the induced positive charges near the surface. In addition, our data allow for a rough estimation of the induced charge density and suggest that the holes might be localized.
The dynamics of the extratropical response to Madden–Julian Oscillation convection
Authors: Lukens Katherine E. , Feldstein Steven B. , Yoo Changhyun , Lee Sukyoung
Published: December 2016

The Rossby wave source (RWS) and the corresponding extratropical wave response to tropical convection associated with different phases of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is investigated with the dynamical core of a climate model. The initial flow is specified to correspond to the boreal winter climatological flow and an imposed tropical heating that is derived from the observed precipitation for all eight MJO phases. One key question addressed here is why does the extratropical Rossby wave train depart the subtropics at a longitude well to the east of the RWS.

For all eight MJO phases, it is found that the extratropical response over the North Pacific and North America is almost entirely due to the MJO convection over the western tropical Pacific. The RWS is excited within the first 24 h after the model heating is turned on. For MJO phases 1–3 and 8, the RWS leads to the development of a cyclonic anomaly over southeast Asia via advection of the climatological absolute vorticity by the anomalous divergent wind in the subtropics and by horizontal convergence in the Tropics. MJO phases 4–7 show opposite features. The resulting anomaly is then advected eastward by the climatological zonal wind toward the central Pacific, after which dispersion into the extratropics and the excitation of a Pacific/North American teleconnection pattern takes place.
Pre‐filtering and post‐filtering in gain‐scheduled output‐feedback control
Authors: Sehr Martin A. , de Oliveira Maurício C.
Published: December 2016

Linear matrix inequality (LMI) design conditions for gain‐scheduled output‐feedback
control rely on assumptions constraining either system or controller matrices. Throughout the literature, it is common practice to avoid imposing restrictive assumptions on the controller, which may appear undesirable, in favor of state augmentations via pre‐filtering and post‐filtering to construct auxiliary augmented systems that comply with the alternative assumptions on the system matrices. This technique brings in the additional cost of increased state dimensions of the resulting gain‐scheduled output‐feedback controllers. In this paper, we explore the interplay and inherent trade‐offs between state augmentation, controller structure, and performance. We revisit LMI design conditions for quadratic output‐feedback
control and demonstrate that state augmentation via pre‐filtering and post‐filtering in order to avoid constraints on the controller matrices is never advantageous even without taking into account the added complexity and propensity for numerical issues associated with state augmentation. As an additional contribution, we extend this observation to recently introduced modified LMI conditions allowing combined – however less restrictive – assumptions on system and controller matrices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A C18 Quaternary Ammonium Library
Authors: Porosa Lukasz , Deng Hellen , Bedard Joseph , Lough Alan J. , Wolfaardt Gideon , Foucher Daniel A.
Published: December 2016

A library of precursor and functionally active quaternary ammonium cations (QACs) for use as corrosion resistant and or antimicrobial coatings, or alternatively as polymer modifiers, is described. High yielding and improved routes to a series of functionally terminated allyl ([(CH2=CH‐CH2)m‐N+(Me)n‐C18H37][X−], 1: m=1, n=2, X−=Br−, 3: m=2, n=1, X−=I−, 4: m=3, n=0, X−=Br−) vinyl ([CH2=CHCH2CH2‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−] 5), hydroxy ([HO‐(CH2)m‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−], 6: m=3, 7: m=4), haloalkyl ([X1‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][X−] 8: X1=Br, X=Br−, 9: X1=Cl, X=I−), dimethoxyphenethyl ([(MeO)2C6H3(CH2)2‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−], 11), acetamido ([H3C(O)NH‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Cl−], 12) cyano ([N≡C–CH2‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Cl−], 13), organocarbonylamino ([R‐C(O)2NH‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−], 14: R=t‐Bu‐, 15: R=PhCH2‐), phthalimido ([PhthN‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−], 16), amino ([H2N‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−] 17), acetylthio ([HC(O)S‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Cl−], 18), thiol ([HS‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Cl−] 19), disulfa ([‐S‐(CH2)2‐N+Me2‐C18H37]2[Br−]2, 20) C18 QACs prepared by thermal and or microwave driven Menshutkin reactions are detailed. All new compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, HRMS spectrometry and in the case of 1 and 6 by X‐ray crystallography.