bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Oral Hygiene Practices and Awareness of Periodontal-Systemic Health Interrelationship Amongst the Local Population of Kanpur Region – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Singh AK , Gupta V , Gupta B
Published: July 2019

Objective

This study was carried out to know the oral hygiene practices and the awareness of periodontal-systemic health inter-relationship amongst the general population of Kanpur region.

Materials and Methods

A cross sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among the patients reporting to the department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College and Hospital Kanpur U.P. A total of 1000 new patients were selected and a self-constructed questionnaire was presented to them. Oral hygiene status was checked through OHI index and patient's awareness for periodontal-systemic health inter-relationship was assessed by a self made awareness index.

Results

The results of our study showed limited oral hygiene practices and lack of knowledge for the effect of poor oral hygiene on systemic health amongst the surveyed population. Although 96.5 % of patients reported using brush and toothpaste and most of them (68.5 %) brushed their teeth once daily, only 35.8 % patients replaced their toothbrush within 3 months, a very minimal percentage of subjects (3.2%) were using other methods of oral hygiene and frequency of cleaning tongue daily was found in only 48.5% patients. Out of 1000 patients included, majority paid dental visits on having any problem (84.0%) rather than regular visitors. It was found that majority of the assessed population's (94.7 %) awareness about periodontal-systemic health interrelationship was poor.

Conclusion

There is an urgent need for comprehensive educational programs to promote good oral hygiene awareness and its impact on systemic health amongst the general population of Kanpur region.
Oral Health Outreach Programs - Can they Address the Disparities in Access to Dental Care?
Authors: Razdan M , Degenholtz HB , Rubin RW
Published: July 2019

Objective

This study examines the potential of an oral health outreach program (SCOPE) in addressing disparities in access to dental care.

Material & Method

The extent to which underserved communities represent SCOPE's patient population and the type and quantity of care delivered were examined. Work records of fourth year dental students were analyzed to compute the proportion of under-18, elderly, African-Americans, Hispanics, those on public insurance, and uninsured individuals in the program'spatient population.

Results

The insurance-mix of SCOPE'spatients was compared with the nationally representative sample of dental patients. Compared with the local communities and the nationally representative sample of dental patients; African-Americans, Hispanics, the uninsured, those on state insurance and children were over-represented in SCOPE's patient population.

Conclusion

Oral health outreach programs run by academic dental institutions have the potential to address disparities in access to dental care. Rotating dental students through community-based clinics increases the availability of inexpensive dental professionals in the community.
Ergonomics Everytime Keeps Dental Practice Healthy, Wealthy and Fine
Authors: Bansal P , Kaur M , Sharma AK
Published: July 2019

ERGONOMICS is a way to work smarter - not harder by designing tools, equipment, workstations and tasks to fit the job to the worker-NOT the worker to the job.

In the dental profession, dentists spend their work days in an awkward static position performing extremely precise procedures in a 2“×2 ½” workspace-the patient's mouth. Therefore, they are at a greater risk of work- related musculoskeletal disorders than is the general population. These disorders can result in pain and dysfunction of neck, back and hands and fingers. This article is aimed at providing some interventions that can considered by the dentists in light of their own experience and needs. It also discusses the important issues of posture and offers different exercises to work with comfort, efficiency and ease.

A broad research of published literature was performed using the keyword ergonomics, MSD's and stretches from 1983- 2016 in google scholar, internet and text books.
A Survey To Evaluate Attitude Towards Replacemet Of Missing Teeth In Patient Among South Costal Area Of Karnataka
Authors: Dandekeri S , Hegde C , Zunjarrao BV
Published: July 2019

As years are passing attitude towards the dental treatment of each individual is changing not only the aesthetic is their prime concern but also, they demand for a prosthesis which is biomechanical in function and long lasting. Therefore, a prime concern should be given to patient's attitude and their expectations towards the treatment which will in all lead to patient's satisfaction. However, there are generally no accepted rules about how to estimate need, demand or utilization of prosthodontic services in most situations, since individual preferences play a very important role. The awareness of patient regarding dental treatment is of prime importance and should be looked upon. This study was done to assess the patients attitude and concern towards missing teeth and rehabilitating it with the artificial teeth.
Alveolar Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - A Case Report
Authors: Atri Rajeev , Dhankhar Rakesh , Nair Vimoj , Kaushal Vivek , Dhull Anil Kumar
Published: July 2019

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disorder, usually occurring in children and young adults. A five year old male child presented with ulcers in lower left alveolar ridge with mobility of adjacent teeth of four months duration. After all relevant radiological and histopathological investigations final diagnosis of multicentric langerhans cell histiocytosis stage - II was made. The patient was put on chemotherapy with CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, Vincristine and Prednisolone) regimen three weekly for eight courses. Now after six months of cessation of chemotherapy, the patient is in complete clinical remission.
Prevalence, Knowledge and Attitude of Tobacco Use Among Health Professionals In Mangalore City, Karnataka
Authors: Bhat Sham S , Sundeep Hegde K , Harini Priya M
Published: July 2019

As members of health profession, medical practitioners and dentists have a duty to promote oral and general health and healthy lifestyles among their patients, by raising their awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco on health and guiding them in conquering tobacco addiction.

A significant barrier to anti-tobacco counseling by health professionals has been found to be as a result of self-use, of tobacco.

The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and prevalence of tobacco use among medical and dental health professionals of Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Ever consumers were 37% and 19% were current consumers of tobacco in the present study.

Cigarette is major product consumed. Majority of the current consumers (56.92%) had attempted to quit but more than half (60%) had again restarted the habit of tobacco consumption.

Addiction was the cause for not quitting the habit among 15.38% of current consumers. 38.9% stated that they had participated in anti-tobacco programmes.

Majority of the health professionals (72.91%) have expressed that tobacco use has to be banned. Effective cessation programs to reduce tobacco use among health professionals should be promoted‥
Knowledge and Attitude among Dental students of Udaipur, India towards HIV/AIDS
Authors: Jain Manish , Kulkarni Suhas , Dagli Rushabh J , Kumar Santhosh , Mathur Anmol , Prabu D
Published: July 2019

Aims & Objective

The aim of the present study was to assess current status of knowledge and attitude among the dental students of Udaipur, India towards HIV/AIDS.

Material and Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 282 dental students of Darshan Dental College. The interview questionnaire comprised of 27close ended questions. One way ANOVA was applied by using SPSS (11.0) to compare mean level of knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS.

Results

Shows dental students have satisfactory knowledge, but certain misconception was prevalent. It also shows that around 30.20% of the dental students held an over all negative attitude. Mean level of knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS had a statistically significant difference in results among sex and academic periods.

Conclusion

Over all knowledge and attitude among dental students was found to be satisfactory. Most of the Dental Students, near about 69.80% have a positive attitude regarding HIV/AIDS education.
Genetic Basis of Dental Disorders: A Review
Authors: Khuller Nitin
Published: July 2019

Deciphering the relative roles of heredity and environmental factors (“nature vs. nurture”) in the pathogenesis of dental caries and diseases of the periodontium has occupied clinical and basic researchers for decades. Success in the endeavor has come more easily in the case of caries; the complex interactions that occur between host-response mechanisms and mutative microbiologic pathogens in periodontal disease have made elucidation of genetic factors in disease susceptibility more difficult. A critical discussion of the evidence for a hereditary component in caries susceptibility is presented, also from a historical perspective. Recent applications ofin vitromethods for genetic analyses in periodontal research are also being discussed, with an eye toward a future in which persons who are at risk, i.e., genetically predisposed to periodontal disease may be identified and targeted for interventional strategies. The evidence for the influence of genetics in dental anomalies and malocclusion has also been discussed. The most important conclusion of this review is: while phenotype is inevitably the result of both genetic and environmental factors, there is irrefutable evidence for a significant genetic influence in many genetic and occlusal variables.
Dentistry in the 21st Century: A Look into the Future
Authors: Vasudeva Gaurav , Salil Pawah
Published: July 2019

Modern dentistry and research will make possible the maintenance of comprehensive oral health by involving the use of nanomaterials, biotechnology including tissue engineering and, ultimately, dental nanorobotics (nanomedicine). Within 10 to 20 years, these devices will allow precisely controlled oral analgesia, dentition replacement therapy using biologically autologous whole replacement teeth manufactured during a single office visit, and rapid nanometer-scale precision restorative dentistry.

Tissue engineering is a novel and highly exciting field of research that aims to repair damaged tissues as well as create replacement (bioartificial) organs. A general review of the principles underlying key tissue engineering strategies are described.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

Tissue engineering will have a considerable effect on dental practice during the next 25 years. The greatest effects will likely be related to the repair and replacement of mineralized tissues, the promotion of oral wound healing and the use of gene transfer adjunctively
An Investigation into Black Tooth Stain Among School Children in Chakkar Ka Milak of Moradabad City, India
Authors: Tirth Amit , Srivastava BK , Nagarajappa Ramesh , Ravishankar TL
Published: July 2019

Background

Tooth discoloration is a frequent dental finding associated with clinical and esthetic problems. It differs in etiology, appearance, composition, location and severity. During routine school dental camps we found that there is black discoloration of tooth in children in a particular area of Moradabad city.

Objective

To assess the prevalence and to investigate the reasons for the black stains among school children of Moradabad city.

Methods

Three schools present in the municipal ward were selected for the study. All the children studying in the above schools were subjected to Type III investigation to identify the black stains. Out of 780 children 156 students showed black stains. Among them a sample of black stain scraping was taken from 5 students and it was subjected to analysis for trace elements. Trace elements analysis was done by (ICP) Inductively Coupled Photo spectrometry.

Results

Out of 5 scrapings 3 showed presence of ferrous ions of about 2.56%, calcium ions 17.15% and magnesium ions 0.72%, while the remaining 2 samples showed calcium 14.86%, magnesium ions 0.82% and no presence of ferrous ions.

Conclusion

Black extrinsic tooth stains were shown to be a form of dental plaque. The stains examined contained a black insoluble ferric compound.
Maternal Factors and Child's Dental Health
Authors: Sufia Shamta , Khan Ayyaz Ali , Chaudhry Saima
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mother's age, education, occupation and income on the dental health behaviours and caries experience of her pre-school children in the District of Lahore, Pakistan.

Methods

This questionnaire based cross-sectional study evaluated the dental health status and oral health behaviors of 600 children in relation to the mother's age, education, family income and her domicile of residence. Chi square test was used to see the association between the different variables. The level of significance was taken as p<0.05.

Result

Tooth cleaning behaviors were found to be associated with all the maternal factors under study. Sugary food consumption was associated with mother's level of education and her family income while dental decay positively correlated with her residence and family income.

Conclusion

Younger age of the mother, high level of educational attainment, higher income and urban residence, all have a positive influence on the dental health practices of her pre-school children.

Key Points

1. Dental health practices of the pre-school children are greatly influenced by the maternal characteristics. 2. Dental decay status of pre-school children is independent of the mother's education, income and residence. 3. Dental decay status of the pre-school children is low in Lahore, Pakistan.
Cleidocranial Dysplasia - Report of A Case
Authors: Sharma Sansar , Sharma Amita
Published: July 2019

Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypoplastic or absent clavicles, large fontanelles, dental anomalies and delayed skeletal development. A case of an eleven year old boy with this syndrome is reported having multiple supernumerary teeth, retained deciduous dentition, non-eruption of permanent dentition along with hypoplasia of orofacial and skeletal structures.
Fractured Maxillary Central Incisor Restoration with Fragment Reattachment: A 2 Year Follow-up Case Report
Authors: Akkareddy Basavaprabhu , Choudhari Shantanu , Kulkarni Sadanand , Kataria Sudesh
Published: July 2019

Injury to anterior teeth is a relatively common event. Dentists are confronted with managing dental trauma and restoring fractured teeth on a regular basis. Hence the technique that speed and simplify treatment, restore esthetics and improve long term success rate are therefore of potential value and should be considered. If an intact tooth fragment is present after trauma, the incisal edge reattachment procedure presents a conservative, simple and esthetic alternative. Clinical trials have reported that reattachment using modern dentine bonding agents and resin system may achieve a functional and esthetic success. This article presents with a case report of restoration of fractured maxillary central incisor using fragment reattachment in a 12 year old child. The reattachment was carried out using resin cement followed by additional chamfer on buccal surface which was restored with resin composite. The reattached fragment was found to be intact at a 2 year follow-up visit.
Infection Control In Prosthodontics
Authors: Rampal Neeraj , Kaushik Pankaj
Published: July 2019

Infection control is an important concept in the present day practice of dentistry. Dentistry is predominantly a field of surgery, involving exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials and therefore, requires a high standard of Infection Control and Safety Many countries in the world have strong guidelines and recommendations for dental safety. In a country like India, the concept is new and needs to be advocated on the highest priority Infection control is important in dental practice to control patient-to-patient infectious disease transmission, and occupational exposure of dental health care personnel (DHCP) to infectious, chemical and other hazards present/encountered during the practice of dentistry. To avoid disease transmission it is important to understand the mechanism of transmission of infection, the pathogens involved and the Safety measures that can be undertaken. The prosthodontists are at an added risk of transmission because of the infection spreading through the contaminated lab equipments while working in the lab. The lab protocols should also be strictly followed along with the clinical protocols.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDI) to Anterior Teeth of 11-13 Year Old School Going Children of Maduravoyal, Chennai
Authors: Ingle Navin Anand , Baratam Naveen , Charania Zohara
Published: July 2019

The epidemic of general injuries is among the most neglected health problems of the 21st century and the importance of Traumatic Dental injuries (TDI) has attracted little attention.

AIM

To assess the prevalence and factors associated with anterior teeth traumatic injuries in 11-13 year old school children of Maduravoyal, Chennai.

METHODOLOGY

Cluster sampling methodology was used for selection of subjects, where each school formed a cluster. All students aged 11-13 years were examined in accordance with the Ellis and Davey classification of traumatic injuries to anterior teeth. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-Square test.

RESULTS

Among the 687 (M=393, F=294) examined, 11.5% (n=79) experienced TDI. 78.5% (n=62) boys experienced TDI which was approximately thrice as higher as in females being 21.5% (n=17). The most commonly affected teeth were maxillary central incisors. “Fall” was the most common cause for TDI. Most common type of fractures were class I and class II and most of them were untreated. All these findings were statistically highly significant (P< 0.001).

CONCLUSION

TDI is an existing dental problem and emphasis should be given in school dental health programmes on preventive aspects of TDI.
Probiotics – Their Role in Prevention of Dental Caries
Authors: Bhushan Jagat , Chachra Sanjay
Published: July 2019

Probiotics have been used to improve gastrointestinal health for quite some time and their popularity has prompted increased interest for their role in promotion of oral health. There also has been a change in understanding of the oral disease process because of better understanding of ecology and microbiology of oral cavity. Very encouraging studies have come up in recent past exploring probiotics in fields of caries, periodontal diseases and few other areas and the results tend to suggest beneficial effects of probiotics on oral health and on whole body in general . Given these recent developments, it was considered timely to review the background and conceptual framework of the use of these agents in reducing dental caries. The evidence for the use of pro or prebiotics for the prevention of caries is reviewed.
A Study to Evaluate Awareness of Psychosomatic Factors as a Possible Risk Factor for Periodontal Diseases in General Dental Practitioners of Mangalore City
Authors: Nayak Dilip G , Nayak Sangeeta Umesh , Uppoor Ashita , Pai Keshava
Published: July 2019

Background

Clinical observations and epidemiological studies suggest that some negative life events and psychological factors may contribute to an increased susceptibility to periodontal diseases. Management of periodontal diseases is a fundamental part of general practice. This study explored general dental practitioner's awareness about psychosomatic factors and their role in periodontal disease progression.

Aim

To evaluate the awareness of general dental practioners of Mangalore city and their professional behavior towards patients with stress and depression and periodontal infection.

Method

Data were collected from 55 general dental practitioners of Mangalore city. 27 respondents were purely general practitioners and other were academicians who were practicing general dentistry.

Results

the respondents had awareness about the effect of stress and depression on periodontal tissues and their management. They were able to identify the periodontal conditions which occur primarily because of stress.

Conclusion

The general dental practitioners play a key role in the success of the treatment of periodontal disease since they are the primary care providers. The respondents were significantly aware about the psychological factors such as stress and depression and its significance on periodontium. This may be due to the involvement of more number of young practitioners who were well educated about psychosomatic factors and their effects on periodontium in their dental education.
A Survey On Dental Knowledge and Gingival Health of Pregnant Women Attending Government Maternity Hospital, Chennai.
Authors: Ingle Navin Anand , Reddy V. Chandrasekhara , Ganesh Akila , Chaly Preetha Elizabeth
Published: July 2019

Gingival diseases are quite common during pregnancy.

Aim

A study was done to determine dental knowledge and gingival health of pregnant women.

Materials and Methods

The survey was done on 208 antenatal women attending Government Maternity Hospital, Chennai. The dental knowledge was assessed by a close-ended questionnaire. Oral hygiene and gingival health were assessed using Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified and Gingival Index. Statistical analysis using McNemars Chi Square Test and Karl Pearson's Correlation test were done to evaluate the data.

Results

More than 96.6% (201) of the women had good dental knowledge. Mild, moderate and severe gingivitis was found to be 49.5% (103), 46.6% (97) and 3.8% (8), respectively. 7.2% (15), 66.8% (139) and 26% (54) had good, fair and poor oral hygiene, respectively. There was a statistically significant moderate positive correlation between the OHI-S and GI scores (p = 0.001, Karl Pearson's Correlation Coefficient = 0.57).

Conclusion

Women should be educated on good oral hygiene practices so as to minimise prevalence of gingivitis during pregnancy.
A Rare Case of A Complex Odontome Fused to An Upper Wisdom Tooth
Authors: Pace Clarence , Crosher Richard , Pace Audrey , Manivasagam Purush
Published: July 2019

A 22 year old man presented with pain arising from his carious lower left second molar. An Orthopantomogram (OPT) revealed an incidental finding of an odontome fused to an upper wisdom tooth, a finding that to the author's knowledge has never been previously reported. This case also illustrates the value of panoramic radiographs in identifying incidental pathology.
Re-visiting Edentulism: Complete Removable Dentures vs Implant Overdentures
Authors: Samara SA , Haidar ZS
Published: July 2019

Edentulism is both, disabling and handicapping. Despite improvements in prosthetic treatment and geriatric epidemiology, complete removable dentures remain the standard of care. Implant-retained overdentures were proposed as a practical alternative, however, with limitations as is highlighted in this briefing, aiming to shed more light on the urgent need for their inclusion in our day-to-day professional practices.
Suicide Amongst Dentists – Are you at Risk?
Authors: Vanishree N , Jeswin J , Madhusudhan S
Published: July 2019

The fact that dentists are prone to commit suicide has been repeated so many times both in the specialist press and in the mass media that by carrying out a search on the internet, we found that large amount of news considered it to be true. The high suicide rate associated with our profession is treated in diverse ways in the scientific literature myth for few, generally dentists, and statistical data which need further studies for others. In this review we will try to analyse the scientific weight of the studies, searching for factors that may allow us to discover the relationship of the profession to the risk of suicide, analyzing the factors that are linked with dental activities.
Comparative Assessment of Sagittal Maxillo-mandibular Jaw Relationship - A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Goyaliya Abhishek , Gupta Rupesh
Published: July 2019

History is evident that correct assessment of Sagittal Jaw Relationship has always remained the perennial problem in orthodontics. The present study is undertaken to use Sagittal methods for assessing individuals and classifying for Skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III based on Jaw Relationship and to evaluate the reliability of sagittal methods. 200 subjects in the age group of 12 to 18 yrs were selected and were subjected to cephalometric radiography and traced. The sample was divided into skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III on the basis of AXD angle, FABA angle and MM Bisector. Subsequently following angles and linear measurements were measured; Beta angle; AB plane angle; JYD angle; ANB angle; AXB angle; AF - BF and App - Bpp. Result - Consistency could be demonstrated by all the methods assessed by Antero-Posterior jaw relationship. Insignificant difference on influence of growth, age and sex was noted. Angular methods used for assessing jaw relationship such as FABA, AXD, Beta and linear measurements such as App-Bpp, MM Bisector could demonstrate superiority for assessing Antero-Posterior jaw relationship over other methods such as AXB, AB plane, ANB and AF-BF which showed more variability.
Factors Influencing the Utilization of Oral Primary Preventive Services Among the Patients Attending A Dental Hospital in Dharwad City, India
Authors: Kalyanpur Ramya , Prasad KVV , Chhabra Gaurav Kumar
Published: July 2019

Aim

To assess the factors influencing utilization of oral primary preventive services among the patients attending a private dental hospital in Dharwad city, India.

Material and Methods

Present study was conducted among 200 adult patients attending out-patient department of a private dental hospital in Dharwad city, India. Convenience sampling method and questionnaire design was employed for assessment of utilization of oral primary preventive services for common oral diseases with information on socio-demographic factors.

Results

The proportion of subjects who utilized primary preventive services for dental caries was 24.6%, malocclusion 57.5%, gum diseases 65% and oral cancer 70% respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender and educational level were significant factors affecting the utilization of oral preventive services, with females using preventive services significantly more than men and those having higher education compared to those having low education.

Conclusion

Utilization of oral primary preventive services is low among the study subjects. Female gender and education were found to be positive factors influencing utilization of oral primary preventive services. Other factors like age, income, family size and marital status had no influence on utilization of primary preventive services.
Assessment of Articular Disc Position in Normal and Pathologic Temporomandibular Joints Using MRI
Authors: Chatra Laxmikanth , Prashanth Shenai K , Kanneppady Sham Kishor , Sakri Santosh B
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine the TMJ disc position in asymptomatic, normal TMJs and in joints with TMD (Temporomandibular disorders) using MRI.

Material and Methods

The study was performed on forty TMJs of 20 symptomatic patients and twenty TMJs of 10 asymptomatic volunteers. Intermediate Zone (IZ) Criterion is used to interpret disc position. The readers of MRI images were blinded to each other's MRI analysis and clinical diagnosis. Data analyses included Kappa statistics for inter observer reliability correlation.

Results

Scan results of 20 asymptomatic joints revealed ADDWR in one joint. Out of 26 joints clinically diagnosed as internal derangement (ID), 4 joints showed ADDWOR and 8 joints confirmed ADDWR. One joint showed ADDWR in patient with MPDS and two joints of fibrous ankylosis demonstrated ADDWOR.

Conclusion

From our study, we could conclude that in most of the asymptomatic normal TMJs, disc will be in normal position with few exceptions. Joint tenderness was the most common clinical symptom and among displaced discs, ADDWR is the most frequent MRI diagnosis in patients with ID.
Oral Hygiene Practice Among Patients Visiting Terna Dental College
Authors: Oswal KC
Published: July 2019

Aim

To assess the knowledge, attitude and awareness related to oral health and associated habits among the patients visiting Terna Dental College (Mumbai).

Methodology

A cross sectional survey was done among 218 randomly selected patients. The survey captured the demographics, oral hygiene practice, tobacco habits of all the participants.

Results

Most of the participants use toothbrush and toothpaste. 10% of the patients still use mishri. The knowledge about the correct brushing technique and frequency of changing the brush was poor. 76% of the participants accessed the dental health care only if there is pain. The awareness about the harmful effect of passive smoking and the tobacco control laws was very poor.

Conclusion

Overall the knowledge, attitude and practices of participants living in this area are not very good. There needs to be a strong, effective oral health promotion campaigns’ targeting all the population and the very high risk groups.
Mandibular First Molar with Middle Distal Canal: A Case Report
Authors: Bains R , Verma K , Loomba K , Bains VK , Loomba A
Published: July 2019

Limited data reports the occurrence of three or more canals in distal roots of mandibular first permanent molars. This paper presents and discusses a clinical report of root canal therapy in a permanent mandibular first molar and empahasises on the utilisation of magnification for the assessment, and acquaintance of the possible canal configuration, alongwith the management of middle distal canal of permanent mandibular first molar.
Precancerous Oral Lesions: A Review
Authors: Panwar SK , Bitharia A
Published: July 2019

This article reviews the different types of oral lesions and factors associated with the development of premalignant (leukoplakia and erythroplakia) and actual cancerous lesions. Diagnostic tools and aids to diagnosis are discussed, as are treatment modalities. Early detections of these lesions could save lives.
Utilisation of Dental Services Among Patients in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Braimoh OB , Ofili AN
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate utilisation of dental services among patients and investigate the reasons for failure to receive treatment.

Materials and methods

Self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on demography, treatment obtained and reason for failure to receive treatment among patients attending a tertiary health institution.

Results

Two hundred and eighty-eight (73.8%) out of the 390 recruited for the study received treatment for their dental complaints and more than half of this (54.9%) had extraction done. Most of the patients 37.4% visited either for pain or because they wanted their teeth removed (25.8%). Time wasting (43.1%) was given as the major reason for failure to receive treatment.

Conclusion

This study revealed that the study population has poor attitude towards oral health, visit dental hospital when in pain and time wasting in the dental clinic was the major reason for not receiving treatment.
Interleukin-1 as a Marker of Periodontitis with Oral Carcinoma – A Biochemical Study
Authors: Sudhakar U , Sivaranjani JA , Dayan MC
Published: July 2019

AIM

This biochemical study aimed at evaluating the level of interleukin-1beta in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma as a reflection of amount of bone destruction leading to periodontitis in comparison with the normal healthy individuals.

MATERIAL & METHOD

The subjects were grouped under four major categories like chronic periodontits, chronic periodontitis with oral squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma alone and the control. Each group consisted of 10 subjects each. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each subject. IL-1 in saliva was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS

In the present study, IL-1 was significantly more in patients with cancer and periodontitis than patients with only cancer. When compared with the normal subjects IL-1 value was significantly more in subjects with carcinoma (0.016).

CONCLUSION

This study presents the first evidence of association between level of salivary biomarker interleukin 1 in subjects with periodontitis and in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Provision of Preventive Oral Health Services to Infants and Toddlers: North Carolina General Dentists’ Readiness
Authors: McFarland TBH , Quiñonez RB , Phillips C , Lee J , Chung Y
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Stage of readiness can contribute to providers’ clinical behavioral patterns, but little is understood about its impact in dentistry. The purpose of this investigation is to (1) describe the stage of readiness of general dentists in North Carolina (NC) to deliver preventive oral health services to infants and toddlers and (2) assess factors that may be associated with stage of readiness.

Methods

Utilizing a survey study design, 1,010 surveys were distributed to NC General Dentists. The outcome variable, stage of readiness, was categorized into three stages: pre-contemplation, contemplation/preparation and action/maintenance. Explanatory variables included comfort, knowledge, and demographic characteristics. Univariate, bivariate, and proportional odds modeling was performed using SAS 9.1. Level of significance was set at p<0.05.

Results

A 40% (N=406) response rate was achieved. Over half (58%, N=235) of providers reported delivering preventive services to infants and toddlers, 12% (N=48) were considering delivering these services, and 30% (N=119) reported no involvement with this age group. Comfort was significantly associated with general dentists’ stage of readiness. As practitioners’ comfort increased, the likelihood of practitioners performing these services (action stage) was 3.4 (2.1, 5.5; p<.0001) and 5.8 (3.9, 8.6, 8.25; p<.0001) times greater when compared to those contemplating and those not willing to perform these services, respectively. Increased comfort also increased the likelihood that practitioners would consider providing these services, versus those who were not considering it (1.7 [1.0, 2.7] p=0.03).

Conclusions

Strategies to increase general practitioners’ comfort levels could positively affect the likelihood of providing care to infants and toddlers.
Orthodontic Guidance of an Impacted Maxillary Canine: A Review
Authors: Kumar P , Datana S , Londhe SM , Mathur V
Published: July 2019

Canine normally erupts when half to three quarter of the root have developed. It may be considered as impacted if the root development is completed, but unaided eruption is not expected to occur. Treatment of an impacted canine needs to be integrated into the overall orthodontic treatment planning. Present article discuss the orthodontic guidance of an impacted maxillary canine, choice of surgical technique, orthodontic & periodontal considerations and potential complications.
Shade Selection: Blending of Conventional and Digital Methods - An Updated Review
Authors: Kumar A , Kumar V , Goel M , Mehta R , Arora T , Pande S
Published: July 2019

Major challenges in cosmetic dentistry are to accomplish appropriate and satisfactory reproduction of natural shade of teeth. The procedure of choosing a shade can be performed using visual method or by an instrument. The kind of shade guide, individual ability to choose shades and conditions the choice is made under, all have influence on reliability and accuracy of the procedure. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce instrumental color determination in everyday work. They include RGB devices, colorimeters, spectrophotometers. The impact of the color science can be seen on various restorative materials ranging from ceramics to maxillofacial prosthetic materials. Good communication between the dental team of all these details is paramount to a successful aesthetic result.
Dentigerous Cyst Associated with Mesiodens: A Symbiotic Existence
Authors: Kamboj M , Shreedhar B , Srivastava G , Verma D
Published: July 2019

Dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst that develops by accumulation of fluid between the reduced enamel epithelium and the tooth crown of unerupted tooth. Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth between both maxillary central incisors. Dentigerous cyst associated with mesiodens is rare. This paper presents a case of dentigerous cyst associated with an inverted mesiodens causing a painless swelling in the upper lip of a 29 years old male patient along with the treatment strategy employed for the patient.
Management of Plexiform Ameloblastoma: A Case Report
Authors: Purohit P , Vashishtha A , Sharma S , Trehan M
Published: July 2019

Ameloblastoma is a slow growing benign tumour of the jaw and patients usually present late after the tumour achieves considerable size to cause facial disfigurement. Diagnosis made mainly from tissue biopsy and characteristic findings on plain X-rays and CT scan, they assist in differentiating between types of ameloblastoma. The challenges in the management of this tumour are to provide complete excision as recurrence may occur in incomplete removal and also to reconstruct the bony defect in order to give reasonable cosmetic and functional outcome to the patient.
Oral Health Awareness Among Non Teaching Staff of A Dental Institution in Dakshina Kannada
Authors: Shetty MS , Bhat V , Shenoy KK
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

The non teaching staff in dental college is indirectly a part of the community based oral health awareness programmes. They act as a link between the dentist and the general population. The objectives of the study is to assess the oral health awareness among non teaching staff in the institution and to utilize the data obtained as a training program for the non-teaching staff and as a baseline for further community based oral health awareness programmes.

METHOD

A written oral health questionnaire was developed and distributed to 150 non-teaching staff in a health institution. The data was analysed using SPSS-10 statistical software.

RESULT and CONCLUSION

The staff demonstrated reasonable knowledge, but some deficiencies were noted. The deficiencies in their knowledge could be addressed through the provision of appropriate training and engaging them in improving the oral health and quality of life.
An In-Vivo Evaluation of the Effect of Fennel Seeds Chewing on Salivary pH
Authors: Singh RP , Thanveer K , Ajithkrishnan CG
Published: July 2019

Background

Saliva is one of the most important factors in regulating oral health, with flow rate and composition changing throughout development and during disease. Numerous chewing habits have been traditionally followed by various cultures and this effects salivary composition. Chewing of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) is one such practice. This study was done with the objective to record and compare the salivary pH at base line, immediately and five minutes after chewing the seeds.

Materials and methods

Total 22 subjects, aged >18years were requested to chew a known quantity of fennel seeds (1.3grams) for five minutes and salivary pH was recorded using Qualigens Indikrom paper strips.

Results

Highly statistically significant rise in salivary pH was seen immediately after chewing seeds (p=0.003)

Conclusion

Chewing of seeds showed a rise in salivary pH, which can prevent demineralization and have an anti-cariogenic effect.
Dental Patient: Human Being or Only A Set of Teeth ??
Authors: Singh AK , Gupta N , Bhatia HP , Srivastava B , Aggarwal A
Published: July 2019

The practise of dentistry involves working with patients, who come to us with specific dental problem with a blind faith in us. It is very important that we dentists see our patients as human beings first and not just as a set of teeth. It is rightly said, “Mouth is a Mirror of the Health”. Many of the oral diseases are also associated with systemic conditions including stress, diabetes, genetic disorders or age related diseases. Care should be also emphasized on the surrounding environment which equally contributes to the health of the patient.

The aim of this article is to create awareness on the human aspect of our patients, to look beyond teeth and the things we can do to care for our patients as a whole and also the environment.
Oral Health Related Quality of Life in Adult Population Attending Outpatient Department of KD Dental College and Hospital, Mathura
Authors: Ingle NA , Kaur N , Sirohi R , Siwach A
Published: July 2019

The concept of oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) attempts to characterize patients's perception of oral health. Currently there is a growing interest in oral health outcomes in how oral health affects quality of life.

OBJECTIVE

To assess oral health related quality of life in adult population attending the Outpatient Department of K.D Dental College and Hospital, Mathura.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

A cross sectio nal study was carried out for a period of one month in OPD of K.D Dental College and Hospital, Mathura. Three twenty individuals were selected randomly. An investigation was done by using a combination of questionnaire and clinical examination of dental caries was done by using WHO 1997 criteria.

RESULTS

Majority of the participants (70.9%) reported oral health problems affecting at least one daily performance in six months preceding the survey. The performance most affected was on ‘eating’ (52.8%) followed by ‘cleaning teeth’ (29.7%). Chronbach's alpha for the OIDP frequency items was 0.70.

CONCLUSION

The highest impact was ‘eating’ and lowest on ‘speaking and pronouncing’ in the study population, which in turn, had an impact on their Quality of Life.
Role of Sugar Free Chewing Gums in Oral Health
Authors: Marya CM , Dhingra S , Jnaneswar A , Kumar H , Dahiya N , Dahiya V
Published: July 2019

Dental caries and periodontal diseases have historically been considered the most important global oral health burdens. Hence, the dental health care needs to apply strategies for prevention of oral health problems. Chewing gum gained interest due to its ability to stimulate salivation and accelerate the clearance of fermentable carbohydrates from the dietary intake. Chewing gum with Xylitol has received special attention due to its mechanical cleaning together with saliva stimulation. These actions could lead to a therapeutic, caries lowering action and various other oral health benefits.
Contemporaneous Impaction of Primary Maxillary Second Molar and Its Succedaneous Tooth - A Rare Occurrence
Authors: Goel M , Batra J , Kamal M , Attresh G , Agrawal A
Published: July 2019

A tooth is considered impacted when it has failed to fully erupt into the oral cavity within its expected developmental time period and can no longer reasonably be expected to do so. The prevalence of impacted premolars has been found to vary according to age. Submergence is a term defining a tooth that remains below the occlusal plane. Dental ankylosis is thought to be major etiological mechanism of submergence. Early detection and intervention of any impacted tooth must be done either surgical or orthodontically else it may lead to sequelae of malocclusion
Prevalence of Dental Caries Among Residents of Bhopal City
Authors: Kumar S , Hiremath V , Bhandari V , Patil AG
Published: July 2019

Aim

In present study we tried to analyze the role of different factors in the occurrence of dental caries.

Material & Method

Oral examination was carried out in a sample of 2430 residents of Bhopal city, in various camps organized by Mansarovar Dental College in different location of Bhopal.

Results

Prevalence of dental caries was higher in males than in females, among tobacco users more prevalence of caries was found, persons with low socio economic status were having more carious lesions and people with mixed (vegetarian and non-vegetarian) diet.

Conclusion

Prevalence of dental caries in Bhopal city highlights the need for a dental health program to target specific segments of population through public health education program.
Preterm Birth Complications On Oro-Dental Structures: An Updated Review
Authors: Kumar A , Dutta S , Namdev R , Jain M , Bodh M
Published: July 2019

Preterm birth is the birth of a baby of less than 37 weeks gestational age. The cause of preterm birth is in many situations elusive and unknown. Premature infants have a short prenatal development period and are at greater risk for short and long term complications, including disabilities and impediments in growth and mental development. The prevalence of oral defects in the deciduous and permanent dentition has been reported to be higher in premature infants. Premature birth can cause enamel defects such as quantitative loss of enamel (hypoplasia), qualitative change in the translucence (opacity) of the enamel, or a combination of both. Other dental defects in preterm babies include notching of the alveolar ridge, palatal grooving, high arched palate, dental crossbite and palatal asymmetry. Moreover, delayed eruption/maturation and developmental defects of both the primary and permanent dentitions have also been reported. With the introduction of intensive medical care including the increased use of antenatal corticosteroids and the recent routine administration of surfactant replacement therapy, survival of prematurely born infants has improved markedly. However, the significant progress has been made in the care of premature infants but not in reducing the prevalence of preterm birth, making the reduction of preterm birth a challenging proposition.
Adjusting the Oral Health Related Quality of Life Measure (Using Ohip-14) for Floor and Ceiling Effects
Authors: Andiappan M , Hughes FJ , Dunne S , Gao W , Donaldson ANA
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The influence of floor (lowest) and ceiling (highest) effects on the outcome measure is of serious concern particularly when the outcome is measured using Likert scales. Conventional regression methods yield biased results and hence tobit regression is to be used to adjust for these effects. This paper is an attempt to use tobit regression in finding the predictors of oral health related quality of life after adjusting for floor and ceiling effects.

Methods

A sample of 360 participants were asked to self asses their oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) using Oral Health impact profile with 14 items which forms the data for this study. Apart from descriptive statistics, Ordinary Least squares regression and tobit regression were used to find the significant predictors of OHRQoL and the results of both methods were compared.

Results

The sample comprised of 41.1% men and 58.9% women. Majority of the participants (68.3%) were whites. The average item difficulty was 0.4 and the average item easiness was 0.03. The floor and ceiling values for the composite scores were 14 and 56 respectively. Age and gender were not statistically significant both in Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and Tobit regression. Full time employment, student and retired have significantly lower scores in OLS but only retired had significantly lower scores in the tobit model.

Conclusion

Tobit model, after adjusting for floor and ceiling effect, gives higher values for the predictors and the OLS model underestimates the effects of predictors on OHIP scores.