bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facultative Anaerobes Shape Multispecies Biofilms Composed of Meat Processing Surface Bacteria and Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Visvalingam Jeyachchandran , Wang Hui , Ells Tim C. , Yang Xianqin
Published: July 2019

Results of this study demonstrate that
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium and
E. coli
O157:H7 can integrate into biofilms when cocultured with bacteria from meat plant processing surfaces. However, the degree of biofilm formation for both pathogens was substantially reduced in the presence of the competing microbiota, with
S.
Typhimurium more greatly affected than
E. coli
O157:H7. The expression of extracellular determinants such as curli and cellulose appears to be less important for biofilm formation of the pathogens in multispecies cultures than in monoculture. In contrast to previous reports regarding food processing surface bacteria, data collected here also demonstrate that facultative anaerobes may have a competitive edge over strict aerobes in establishing multispecies biofilms. It would be important to take into account the presence of background bacteria when evaluating the potential persistence of a pathogen in food processing facilities.
The Small RNA PinT Contributes to PhoP-Mediated Regulation of the
Salmonella
Pathogenicity Island 1 Type III Secretion System in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Kim Kyungsub , Palmer Alexander D. , Vanderpool Carin K. , Slauch James M.
Published: July 2019

Salmonella
is one of the most important food-borne pathogens, infecting over one million people in the United States every year. These bacteria use a needle-like device to interact with intestinal epithelial cells, leading to invasion of the cells and induction of inflammatory diarrhea. A complex regulatory network controls expression of the invasion system in response to numerous environmental signals. Here we explore the molecular mechanisms by which the small RNA PinT contributes to this regulation, facilitating inactivation of the system after invasion. PinT controls several important virulence systems in
Salmonella
, tuning the transition between different stages of infection.
Toxoplasma gondii Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane-Associated Dense Granule Proteins Orchestrate Chronic Infection and GRA12 Underpins Resistance to Host Gamma Interferon
Authors: Fox Barbara A. , Guevara Rebekah B. , Rommereim Leah M. , Falla Alejandra , Bellini Valeria , Pètre Graciane , Rak Camille , Cantillana Viviana , Dubremetz Jean-François , Cesbron-Delauw Marie-France , Taylor Gregory A. , Mercier Corinne , Bzik David J.
Published: July 2019

Toxoplasma gondii
cysts reactivate during immune deficiency and cause fatal encephalitis. Parasite molecules that coordinate the development of acute and chronic infection are poorly characterized. Here, we show that many intravacuolar network membrane and parasitophorous vacuole membrane-associated dense granule (GRA) proteins orchestrate the development of chronic cysts
in vivo
. A subset of these GRA proteins also modulate acute virulence, and one protein that associates with the intravacuolar network membranes, namely GRA12, was identified as a major virulence factor required for parasite resistance to host gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Our results revealed that many parasitophorous vacuole membrane and intravacuolar network membrane-associated GRA proteins are essential for successful chronic infection.
Efficient Expression of HIV in Immunocompetent Mouse Brain Reveals a Novel Nonneurotoxic Viral Function in Hippocampal Synaptodendritic Injury and Memory Impairment
Authors: Kelschenbach Jennifer , He Hongxia , Kim Boe-Hyun , Borjabad Alejandra , Gu Chao-Jiang , Chao Wei , Do Meilan , Sharer Leroy R. , Zhang Hong , Arancio Ottavio , Potash Mary Jane , Volsky David J.
Published: July 2019

HIV neuropathogenesis has been attributed in large measure to neurotoxicity of viral proteins and inflammatory factors produced by infected monocytic cells in the brain. We show here that HIV expression in mouse brain causes lasting memory impairment by a mechanism involving injury to hippocampal synaptodendritic arbors and neuronal function but not overt neuronal loss in the region. Our results mirror the observation of minimal neurodegeneration in cognitively impaired HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy and demonstrate that HIV is nonneurotoxic in certain brain abnormalities that it causes. If neurons comprising the cognition-related networks survive HIV insult, at least for some time, there is a window of opportunity for disease treatment.
Zika Virus-Immune Plasmas from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Individuals Enhance Zika Pathogenesis in Adult and Pregnant Mice
Authors: Shim Byoung-Shik , Kwon Young-Chan , Ricciardi Michael J. , Stone Mars , Otsuka Yuka , Berri Fatma , Kwal Jaclyn M. , Magnani Diogo M. , Jackson Cody B. , Richard Audrey S. , Norris Philip , Busch Michael , Curry Christine L. , Farzan Michael , Watkins David , Choe Hyeryun
Published: July 2019

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of virus infection is common to many viruses and is problematic when plasma antibody levels decline to subneutralizing concentrations. ADE of infection is especially important among flaviviruses, many of which are the cause of global health problems. Recently, human plasma samples immune to heterologous flaviviruses were shown to promote Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Here we showed in immunocompromised mouse models that homologous immune plasma samples protect mice from subsequent infection at high antibody concentrations but that they mediate ADE of infection and increase ZIKV pathogenesis in adult mice and fetal demise during pregnancy at low concentrations.
Day/Night Separation of Oxygenic Energy Metabolism and Nuclear DNA Replication in the Unicellular Red Alga
Cyanidioschyzon merolae
Authors: Miyagishima Shin-ya , Era Atsuko , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Matsuda Mami , Hirooka Shunsuke , Sumiya Nobuko , Kondo Akihiko , Fujiwara Takayuki
Published: July 2019

Eukaryotes acquired chloroplasts through an endosymbiotic event in which a cyanobacterium or a unicellular eukaryotic alga was integrated into a previously nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic cell. Photosynthesis by chloroplasts enabled algae to expand their habitats and led to further evolution of land plants. However, photosynthesis causes greater oxidative stress than mitochondrion-based respiration. In seed plants, cell division is restricted to nonphotosynthetic meristematic tissues and populations of photosynthetic cells expand without cell division. Thus, seemingly, photosynthesis is spatially sequestrated from cell proliferation. In contrast, eukaryotic algae possess photosynthetic chloroplasts throughout their life cycle. Here we show that oxygenic energy conversion (daytime) and nuclear DNA replication (night time) are temporally sequestrated in
C. merolae
. This sequestration enables “safe” proliferation of cells and allows coexistence of chloroplasts and the eukaryotic host cell, as shown in yeast, where mitochondrial respiration and nuclear DNA replication are temporally sequestrated to reduce the mutation rate.
Differences in the Binding Affinity of an HIV-1 V2 Apex-Specific Antibody for the SIV
smm/mac
Envelope Glycoprotein Uncouple Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity from Neutralization
Authors: von Bredow Benjamin , Andrabi Raiees , Grunst Michael , Grandea Andres G. , Le Khoa , Song Ge , Berndsen Zachary T. , Porter Katelyn , Pallesen Jesper , Ward Andrew B. , Burton Dennis R. , Evans David T.
Published: July 2019

Here we show that PGT145, a potent broadly neutralizing antibody to HIV-1, directs the lysis of SIV-infected cells by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity but does not neutralize SIV infectivity. This represents the first instance of cross-reactivity of an HIV-1 Env-specific antibody with SIV
smm/mac
Env and reveals that antibody binding affinity can differentiate sensitivity to ADCC from neutralization.
Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structure of an Acinetobacter baumannii Multidrug Efflux Pump
Authors: Su Chih-Chia , Morgan Christopher E. , Kambakam Sekhar , Rajavel Malligarjunan , Scott Harry , Huang Wei , Emerson Corey C. , Taylor Derek J. , Stewart Phoebe L. , Bonomo Robert A. , Yu Edward W.
Published: July 2019

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a successful human pathogen which has emerged as one of the most problematic and highly antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria worldwide. Multidrug efflux is a major mechanism that
A. baumannii
uses to counteract the action of multiple classes of antibiotics, such as β-lactams, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides. Here, we report a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the prevalent
A. baumannii
AdeB multidrug efflux pump, which indicates a plausible pathway for multidrug extrusion. Overall, our data suggest a mechanism for energy coupling that powers up this membrane protein to export antibiotics from bacterial cells. Our studies will ultimately inform an era in structure-guided drug design to combat multidrug resistance in these Gram-negative pathogens.
Microbial Composition of the Human Nasopharynx Varies According to Influenza Virus Type and Vaccination Status
Authors: Ding Tao , Song Timothy , Zhou Bin , Geber Adam , Ma Yixuan , Zhang Lingdi , Volk Michelle , Kapadia Shashi N. , Jenkins Stephen G. , Salvatore Mirella , Ghedin Elodie
Published: July 2019

Our results suggest that there is a significant association between the composition of the microbiota in the nasopharynx and the influenza virus type causing the infection. We observe that vaccination status, especially in more senior individuals, also has an association with the microbial community profile. This indicates that vaccination against influenza, even when ineffective to prevent disease, could play a role in controlling secondary bacterial complications.
Host Carbon Dioxide Concentration Is an Independent Stress for Cryptococcus neoformans That Affects Virulence and Antifungal Susceptibility
Authors: Krysan Damian J. , Zhai Bing , Beattie Sarah R. , Misel Kara M. , Wellington Melanie , Lin Xiaorong
Published: July 2019

A number of studies comparing either patient outcomes or model system virulence across large collections of
Cryptococcus
isolates have found significant heterogeneity in virulence even among strains with highly related genotypes. Because this heterogeneity cannot be explained by variations in the three well-characterized virulence traits (growth at host body temperature, melanization, and polysaccharide capsule formation), it has been widely proposed that additional
C. neoformans
virulence traits must exist. The natural niche of
C. neoformans
is in the environment, where the carbon dioxide concentration is very low (∼0.04%); in contrast, mammalian host tissue carbon dioxide concentrations are 125-fold higher (5%). We have found that the ability to grow in the presence of 5% carbon dioxide distinguishes low-virulence strains from high-virulence strains, even those with a similar genotype. Our findings suggest that carbon dioxide tolerance is a previously unrecognized virulence trait for
C. neoformans
.
Understanding the relationship between family planning method choices and modern contraceptive use: an analysis of geographically linked population and health facilities data in Haiti
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Mallick Lindsay
Published: July 2019

Introduction

This study linked data from the 2012 Haiti Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the 2013 Haiti Service Provision Assessment (SPA) to estimate the extent to which women’s contraceptive use is associated with the method choices available in Haiti’s health facilities.

Methods

Using Global Positioning System (GPS) data for DHS clusters and for health facilities, we linked each DHS cluster to all of the family planning facilities located within a specified distance, and then measured the cluster’s level of contraceptive method choice based on the number of facilities within the buffer zone that offered three or more modern contraceptive methods. Random intercept logistic regressions were used to model the variation in individual modern contraceptive use and the availability of multiple method choices at the cluster level.

Results

Limited number of family planning facilities in Haiti offered at least three modern contraceptive methods (51% in urban and 23% in rural). Seventeen percent of both rural and urban women lived in an area with low availability of multiple methods—meaning that no facility in the specified buffer zone offered three or more contraceptive methods. Another 29% of rural women and 41% of urban women had medium availability—that is, only one facility in the buffer zone offered three or more methods. In rural areas, compared with women living in a cluster with low availability of multiple methods, the odds of using a modern method are 73% higher for women living in a cluster with medium availability, and over twice as high for women living in a cluster with high availability. A similar positive relationship was also found in urban areas.

Conclusions

Women in Haiti have only limited proximity to a health facility offering a variety of contraceptive methods. Improving access to a range of methods available at health facilities near where people live is critical for increasing contraceptive use in both urban and rural areas of Haiti.
How accurate are modelled birth and pregnancy estimates? Comparison of four models using high resolution maternal health census data in southern Mozambique
Authors: Dube Yolisa Prudence , Ruktanonchai Corrine Warren , Sacoor Charfudin , Tatem Andrew J , Munguambe Khatia , Boene Helena , Vilanculo Faustino Carlos , Sevene Esperanca , Matthews Zoe , von Dadelszen Peter , Makanga Prestige Tatenda
Published: July 2019

Background

Existence of inequalities in quality and access to healthcare services at subnational levels has been identified despite a decline in maternal and perinatal mortality rates at national levels, leading to the need to investigate such conditions using geographical analysis. The need to assess the accuracy of global demographic distribution datasets at all subnational levels arises from the current emphasis on subnational monitoring of maternal and perinatal health progress, by the new targets stated in the Sustainable Development Goals.

Methods

The analysis involved comparison of four models generated using Worldpop methods, incorporating region-specific input data, as measured through the Community Level Intervention for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) project. Normalised root mean square error was used to determine and compare the models’ prediction errors at different administrative unit levels.

Results

The models’ prediction errors are lower at higher administrative unit levels. All datasets showed the same pattern for both the live birth and pregnancy estimates. The effect of improving spatial resolution and accuracy of input data was more prominent at higher administrative unit levels.

Conclusion

The validation successfully highlighted the impact of spatial resolution and accuracy of maternal and perinatal health data in modelling estimates of pregnancies and live births. There is a need for more data collection techniques that conduct comprehensive censuses like the CLIP project. It is also imperative for such projects to take advantage of the power of mapping tools at their disposal to fill the gaps in the availability of datasets for populated areas.
Invariant Patterns for Replicator Dynamics on a Hexagonal Lattice
Authors: Ikeda K. , Kogure Y. , Aizawa H. , Takayama Y.
Published: July 2019

A hexagonal lattice is a promising and plausible spatial platform for economic agglomeration in spatial economic models. This paper aims at the elucidation of agglomeration mechanisms for the replicator dynamics on this lattice. Attention is paid to the existence of invariant solutions that retain their spatial patterns when the bifurcation parameter changes. Such existence is a special feature of the replicator dynamics, which is widely used in economics. A theoretical procedure to find invariant patterns is proposed and possible invariant patterns are advanced and classified. Among a plethora of theoretically possible invariant patterns, those which actually become stable for a spatial economic model are investigated numerically. The major finding of this paper, is the demonstration of equilibrium curves of invariant patterns that are connected by those of noninvariant ones to form a complicated mesh-like structure, just like the threads of warp and weft. It would be an important scientific mission to elucidate the mechanism of this complicated structure, and contribute to the study in economic geography.
Real Linear Automata with a Continuum of Periodic Solutions for Every Period
Authors: Xu Xu
Published: July 2019

Interesting dynamical features such as periodic solutions of binary cellular automata are rare and therefore difficult to find, in general. In this paper, we illustrate an effective method in identifying fixed and periodic points of traditional one- and two-dimensional [Formula: see text]-valued cellular automaton systems, using cycle graphs. We also show that when the binary or [Formula: see text]-valued cellular states are extended to real-values and when defined as doubly-infinite vectors, there exists a continuum of periodic solutions for every period, even when the governing local rules are simply linear. In addition, we demonstrate the important effect that boundary conditions have on systems’ dynamical structures.
Approximations of the Heteroclinic Orbits Near a Double-Zero Bifurcation with Symmetry of Order Two. Application to a Liénard Equation
Authors: Rocşoreanu Carmen , Sterpu Mihaela
Published: July 2019

A dynamical system possessing an equilibrium point with two zero eigenvalues is considered. We assume that a degenerate Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation with symmetry of order two is present and, in the parameter space, a curve of heteroclinic bifurcation values emerges from the codimension two bifurcation point. Using a blow-up transformation and a perturbation method, we obtain second order approximations both for the heteroclinic orbits and for the curve of heteroclinic bifurcation values. Applications of our results for the truncated normal form and for a Liénard equation are presented. Some numerical simulations illustrating the accuracy of our results are performed.
RPSOVF Prediction Model for Speech Signal Series Based on UPSO
Authors: Zhang Yumei , Guo Xiangying , Wu Xia , Shi Suzhen , Wu Xiaojun
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we propose a nonlinear prediction model of speech signal series with an explicit structure. In order to overcome some intrinsic shortcomings, such as traps at the local minimum, improper selection of parameters, and slow convergence rate, which are always caused by improper parameters generated by, typically, the low performance of least mean square (LMS) in updating kernel coefficients of the Volterra model, a uniform searching particle swarm optimization (UPSO) algorithm to optimize the kernel coefficients of the Volterra model is proposed. The second-order Volterra filter (SOVF) speech prediction model based on UPSO is established by using English phonemes, words, and phrases. In order to reduce the complexity of the model, given a user-designed tolerance of errors, we extract the reduced parameter of SOVF (RPSOVF) for acceleration. The experimental results show that in the tasks of single-frame and multiframe speech signals, both UPSO-SOVF and UPSO-RPSOVF are better than LMS-SOVF and PSO-SOVF in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute deviation (MAD). UPSO-SOVF and UPSO-RPSOVF can better reflect trends and regularity of speech signals, which can fully meet the requirements of speech signal prediction. The proposed model presents a nonlinear analysis and valuable model structure for speech signal series, and can be further employed in speech signal reconstruction or compression coding.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis on Planetary Gears-Rotor System in Geared Turbofan Engines
Authors: Hou Lanlan , Cao Shuqian
Published: July 2019

Rotor fatigue and gear noise triggered by nonlinear vibration are the key concerns in Geared Turbofan (GTF) engine which features a new configuration by introducing planetary gears into low-pressure compressor. A nonlinear analytical model of the GTF planetary gears-rotor system is developed, where the torsional effect of rotor and pivotal parameters from gears are incorporated. The nonlinear behavior of the model can be obtained by focusing on the relative torsional vibration responses between gear and rotor. The torsional nonlinear responses are illustrated with bifurcation diagrams, the largest Lyapunov exponents (LLE), Poincaré maps, phase diagrams and spectrum waterfall. Numerical results reveal that the gears-rotor system exhibits abundant torsional nonlinear behaviors, including multiperiodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic motions. Furthermore, the roads to chaos via quasi-periodicity, period-doubling scenario, mutation and intermittence are demonstrated. The ring gear stiffness at a low value can propel the system into chaos. The damping may complicate the motion, i.e. the system may enter chaos with increasing damping. These results provide an understanding of undesirable torsional dynamic motion for the GTF engine rotor system and therefore serve as a useful reference for engineers in designing and controlling such system.
Effect of Leakage Delay on Hopf Bifurcation in a Fractional BAM Neural Network
Authors: Lin Jiazhe , Xu Rui , Li Liangchen
Published: July 2019

Recently, experimental studies show that fractional calculus can depict the memory and hereditary attributes of neural networks more accurately. In this paper, we introduce temporal fractional derivatives into a six-neuron bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural network with leakage delay. By selecting two different bifurcation parameters and analyzing corresponding characteristic equations, it is verified that the delayed fractional neural network generates Hopf bifurcation when the bifurcation parameters pass through some critical values. In order to measure how much is the impact of leakage delay on Hopf bifurcation, sensitivity analysis methods, such as scatter plots and partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCCs), are introduced to assess the sensitivity of bifurcation amplitudes to leakage delay. Numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results and help us gain an insight into the effect of leakage delay.
On the Dynamics and Control of a Fractional Form of the Discrete Double Scroll
Authors: Ouannas Adel , Khennaoui Amina-Aicha , Bendoukha Samir , Grassi Giuseppe
Published: July 2019

This paper is concerned with the dynamics and control of the fractional version of the discrete double scroll hyperchaotic map. Using phase portraits and bifurcation diagrams, we show that the general behavior of the proposed map depends on the fractional order. We also present two control schemes for the proposed map, one that adaptively stabilizes the map, and another to achieve the complete synchronization of a pair of maps. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the findings.
Bifurcation Analysis of an Enzyme Reaction System with General Power of Autocatalysis
Authors: Su Juan
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we study the local bifurcations of an enzyme reaction system with positive parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and integer [Formula: see text]. This system is orbitally equivalent to a polynomial differential system of order [Formula: see text]. Although not all coordinates of its equilibria can be calculated because of the high order polynomial, parameter conditions for the existence of each equilibrium are given. Moreover, qualitative properties of each equilibrium are determined. It shows that various bifurcations, including saddle-node bifurcation, Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation, may occur in this system as the parameters are varied. With Lyapunov quantities, the maximum order of the weak focus in this system is proved to be at most two by resultant elimination and real-root isolation. Furthermore, parameter conditions of its exact order are obtained. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the theoretical results.
Allee Effect in Prey versus Hunting Cooperation on Predator — Enhancement of Stable Coexistence
Authors: Sen Deeptajyoti , Ghorai S. , Banerjee Malay
Published: July 2019

Predator foraging facilitation or cooperative hunting increases per predator consumption rate as predator density increases. This affects predator extinction in a prey–predator interaction model when the predator density is low. This is an indication of Allee effect in predator’s growth rate. Here, we take a Gause type model with a generalized type II functional response which depends on both prey and predator densities. We also assume that prey’s growth is subjected to Allee effect. Strong Allee effect in prey’s growth rate enhances the stability of the coexisting steady state. A region is found in a two-parameter plane where the coexisting steady state is a global attractor when the prey’s growth is subjected to weak Allee effect. In addition, codimension two bifurcation points (cusp and Bogdanov–Takens points) have also been found in the bifurcation diagram.
On Singular Orbits and Global Exponential Attractive Set of a Lorenz-Type System
Authors: Wang Haijun
Published: July 2019

This paper deals with some unsolved problems of the global dynamics of a three-dimensional (3D) Lorenz-type system: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] by constructing a series of Lyapunov functions. The main contribution of the present work is that one not only proves the existence of singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles, existence and nonexistence of homoclinic orbits for a certain range of the parameters according to some known results and LaSalle theorem but also gives a family of mathematical expressions of global exponential attractive sets for that system with respect to its parameters, which is available only in very few papers as far as one knows. In addition, numerical simulations illustrate the consistence with the theoretical conclusions. The results together not only improve and complement the known ones, but also provide support in some future applications.
Unilateral Global Bifurcation for Eigenvalue Problems with Homogeneous Operator
Authors: Dai Guowei , Feng Zhaosheng
Published: July 2019

We focus on the structure of the solution set for the nonlinear equation [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are continuous operators. Under certain hypotheses on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], unilateral global bifurcations for eigenvalue problems are presented. Some applications are illustrated for nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations. In particular, the existence and multiplicity of one-sign solutions for Monge–Ampère equation is discussed.
On the Topology of Isochronous Centers of Hamiltonian Differential Systems
Authors: Dong Guangfeng , Liu Changjian , Yang Jiazhong
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we study the topology of isochronous centers of Hamiltonian differential systems with polynomial Hamiltonian functions [Formula: see text] such that the isochronous center lies on the level curve [Formula: see text]. We prove that, in the one-dimensional homology group of the Riemann surface (removing the points at infinity) of level curve [Formula: see text], the vanishing cycle of an isochronous center cannot belong to a subgroup generated by those small loops such that each of them is centered at a removed point at infinity of having one of the two special types described in the paper, where [Formula: see text] is sufficiently close to [Formula: see text]. Besides, we present some topological properties of isochronous centers for a large class of Hamiltonian systems of degree [Formula: see text], whose homogeneous parts of degree [Formula: see text] contain factors with multiplicity of no more than [Formula: see text]. As applications, we study the nonisochronicity for some Hamiltonian systems with quite complicated forms which are usually very hard to handle by the classical tools.
Push Recovery Strategy of Dynamic Gait Transition between Walking, Running and Hopping
Authors: Kamioka Takumi , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Kuroda Mitsuhide , Tanaka Chiaki , Shirokura Shinya , Takeda Masanori , Yoshiike Takahide
Published: July 2019

Re-planning of gait trajectory is a crucial ability to compensate for external disturbances. To date, a large number of methods for re-planning footsteps and timing have been proposed. However, robots with the ability to change gait from walking to running or from walking to hopping were never proposed. In this paper, we propose a method for re-planning not only for footsteps and timing but also for the types of gait which consists of walking, running and hopping. The re-planning method of gait type consists of parallel computing and a ranking system with a novel cost function. To validate the method, we conducted push recovery experiments which were pushing in the forward direction when walking on the spot and pushing in the lateral direction when walking in the forward direction. Results of experiments showed that the proposed algorithm effectively compensated for external disturbances by making a gait transition.
Slow Decay of Impact in Equity Markets: Insights from the ANcerno Database
Authors: Bucci Frédéric , Benzaquen Michael , Lillo Fabrizio , Bouchaud Jean-Philippe
Published: July 2019

We present an empirical study of price reversion after the executed metaorders. We use a dataset with more than 8 million metaorders executed by institutional investors in the US equity market. We show that relaxation takes place as soon as the metaorder ends: while at the end of the same day, it is on average [Formula: see text] of the peak impact, the decay continues for the next few days, following a power-law function at short-time scales, and converges to a non-zero asymptotic value at long-time scales ([Formula: see text] days) equal to [Formula: see text] of the impact at the end of the first day, that is [Formula: see text] of peak impact. Due to a significant, multiday correlation of the sign of executed metaorders, a careful deconvolution of the observed impact must be performed to extract the estimate of the impact decay of isolated metaorders.
Molar element ratio analysis of lithogeochemical data: a toolbox for use in mineral exploration and mining
Authors: Stanley Clifford R.
Published: July 2019

Molar element ratio analysis of element concentrations consists of four basic tools that provide substantial insight into the lithogeochemistry (and mineralogy) of rocks under examination. These tools consist of: (1) conserved element ratio analysis; (2) Pearce element ratio analysis; (3) general element ratio analysis; and (4) lithogeochemical mineral mode analysis. Conserved element ratio analysis is useful in creating a chemostratigraphic model for the host rocks to mineral deposits, whereas Pearce element ratio analysis and general element ratio analysis are primarily used to identify mineralogical and metasomatic controls on rock compositions and to investigate and quantify the extent of the material transfers that formed the host rocks and mineralization. Lithogeochemical mineral mode analysis converts element concentrations into mineral concentrations using a matrix-based change-of-basis operation, allowing lithogeochemical data to be interpreted in terms of mineral modes. It can be used to provide proper names to rocks, an important activity for an exploration geologist because of the implications that rock names have on genetic processes and mineral deposit models.

This paper provides a review of the theoretical foundations of each of these four tools and then illustrates how these techniques have been used in a variety of exploration applications to assist in the search for, evaluation and planning of, and the mining of mineral deposits. Examples include the evaluation of total digestion lithogeochemical datasets from mineral deposits hosted by igneous and sedimentary rocks and formed by hydrothermal and igneous processes. In addition, this paper illustrates a more recent geometallurgical application of these methods, whereby the mineral proportions determined by lithogeochemical mineral mode analysis are used to predict rock properties and obtain the ore body knowledge critical for resource evaluation, mine planning, mining and mine remediation.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Exploration 17 collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/exploration-17
Introduction to ground-related risk to transportation infrastructure
Authors: Power C. M. , Abbott S.
Published: July 2019

A conference was held at the Geological Society of London on the theme of ‘Ground-related Risk to Transportation Infrastructure’. This conference attracted nearly 200 delegates from around the world and, while there was a UK focus, presentations and posters of a very high quality were given on a wide range of topics illustrated by global examples. The thematic set of papers presented in this issue of the journal give a good indication of the range and quality of the subject matter presented to the conference. Transportation infrastructure is of vital strategic importance to countries, and is often referred to as the backbone of a modern economy. Risks arising from hazards in the ground, either natural or anthropogenic, pose a significant threat to the safety and performance of such transport networks and, hence, the subject of geotechnical asset management is of great importance. This set of papers covers examples drawn from the four themes of the conference: strategic geotechnical asset management; current and future resilience and monitoring; ground-related hazards; and operational response to hazards and events. It is hoped that the spirit of knowledge sharing and discussion engendered by the conference continues with future events and publications.
Exploring the Role of Large Centralised Caches in Thermal Efficient Chip Design
Authors: Chakraborty Shounak , Kapoor Hemangee K.
Published: July 2019

In the era of short channel length, Dynamic Thermal Management (DTM) has become a challenging task for the architects and designers engineering modern Chip Multi-Processors (CMPs). Ever-increasing demand of processing power along with the developed integration technology produces CMPs with high power density, which in turn increases effective chip temperature. This increased temperature leads to increase in the reliability issues for the chip-circuitry with significant increment in leakage power consumption. Recent DTM techniques apply DVFS or Task Migration to reduce temperature at the cores, the hottest on-chip components, but often ignore the on-chip hot caches. To commensurate the high data demand of these cores, most of the modern CMPs are equipped with large multi-level on-chip caches, out of which on-chip Last Level Caches (LLCs) occupy the largest on-chip area. These LLCs are accounted for their significantly high leakage power consumption that can also potentially generate on-chip hotspots at the LLCs similar to the cores. As power consumption constructs the backbone of heat dissipation, hence, this work dynamically shrinks cache size while maintaining performance constraint to reduce LLC leakage, primarily. These turned-off cache portions further work as on-chip thermal buffers for reducing average and peak temperature of the CMP without affecting the computation. Simulation results claim that, at a minimal penalty on the performance, proposed cache-based thermal management having 8MB centralised multi-banked shared LLC gives around 5°C reduction in peak and average chip temperature, which are comparable with a Greedy DVFS policy.
Task‐Layer Multiplicity as a Measure of Community Level Health
Authors: Fraundorf P.
Published: July 2019

The insights of many disciplines, and of commonsense, about individual-level well‐being might be strengthened by a shift in focus to community-level well‐being in a way that respects belief systems as well as the power of each individual. We start with the jargon of complex systems and the possibility that a small number of broken symmetries, marked by the edges of a hierarchical series of physical subsystem types, underlie the delicate correlation‐based complexity of life on our planet’s surface. We show that an information‐theory‐inspired model of attention‐focus on correlation layers, which looks in/out from the boundaries of skin, family, and culture, predicts that behaviorally diverse communities may tend toward a characteristic task‐layer multiplicity per individual of only e29/20≅ 4.26 of the six correlation layers that comprise that community. This behavioral measure of opportunity may help us to (i) go beyond GDP in quantifying the impact of policy changes and disasters, (ii) manage electronic idea‐streams in ways that strengthen community networks, and (iii) leverage our paleolithic shortcomings toward the enhancement of community‐level task‐layer diversity. Empirical methods for acquiring task‐layer multiplicity data are in their infancy, although for human communities a great deal of potential lies in the analysis of web searches and asynchronous experience sampling similar to that used by “flu near you.”
Synergistic Effect of Integrated Project Delivery, Lean Construction, and Building Information Modeling on Project Performance Measures: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Phuong , Akhavian Reza
Published: July 2019

In the recent years, owners and construction management companies have shown an increasingly more interest in adopting approaches that result in enhanced quality and less risks, conflicts, and wastes on their projects despite potentially higher initial cost. Implementing advanced technology trends and incorporating more integrated methods of delivering projects have proven to be highly value‐adding and forward‐thinking approaches. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of and the synergy between three of such trending concepts in the construction industry, namely, integrated project delivery (IPD), lean principles, and building information modeling (BIM) in terms of cost and schedule performance measures. Data analysis was conducted on 72 vertical projects through interviews and study of the published articles, reports, and case studies. Qualitative analysis was performed through grounded theory while quantitative analysis was implemented using univariate and multivariate analysis of variance tests on schedule performance and cost performance. Results of the grounded theory analysis summarize six crucial characteristics required for an effective coordination between IPD, lean construction, and BIM. Statistical analysis on different combination of these three components revealed considerable effectiveness in terms of schedule performance while the effect on cost performance was not as much significant. This study contributes to the body of knowledge and practice in the field of construction by demonstrating the cost and schedule benefits realized through the use of IPD, lean construction, and BIM and identifying their collective conceptual advantages.
Effect of Different Commercial Fertilizers, Harvest Date, and Storage Time on Two Organically Grown Blackberry Cultivars: Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Properties, and Sugar Profiles
Authors: Cavender George , Liu Mingyang , Fernandez-Salvador Javier , Hobbs Deborah , Strik Bernadine , Frei Balz , Zhao Yanyun
Published: July 2019

Despite increased consumer interest in organic produce, little is known about how different organic production methods affect both the traditional measures of quality and the naturally occurring health promoting (bioactive) compounds of food. In this study, “Obsidian” and “Triple Crown” blackberries (bothRubushybrids) were cultivated organically and fertilized with either soy meal, fish emulsion/hydrolysate blend, or processed poultry litter fertilizers at a fixed rate. Fruits were hand-harvested three times during their peak production period and stored at 4°C and 85% RH for up to 12 d. Fertilizer effects on the physicochemical properties were minor, while harvest period had a stronger effect, though that trend varied by year. Antioxidant and sugar profile data revealed an interesting pattern: “Obsidian” had ORAC and lower sugar than “Triple Crown” at harvest and also had greater differentiation due to fertilizer treatments. Fertilizer effects differed based on harvest date and cultivar, with late harvest fruit fertilized with fish emulsion fertilizer showing higher TPC and ORAC than other fertilizer treatments, while the early and middle harvest fruit showed similar or greater responses to soy meal-based fertilizer. Time of harvest and length of storage also affected the antioxidant properties and sugar profiles in different ways depending on fruit cultivar, again with the “Obsidian” fruit showing greater variability in general. This study demonstrated that the two cultivars of organically grown blackberry fruit have different physicochemical and antioxidant properties, thus potentially different shelf lives in the fresh market.
Determination of Metals in Natural Waters by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy after Preconcentration on Silica Sequentially Coated with Layers of Polyhexamethylene Guanidinium and Sulphonated Nitrosonaphthols
Authors: Didukh-Shadrina Svetlana L. , Losev Vladimir N. , Samoilo Alexandr , Trofimchuk Anatoliy К. , Nesterenko Pavel N.
Published: July 2019

A series of complexing adsorbents is prepared by coating silica particles with linear polyhexamethylene guanidinium (PHMG) chloride followed by saturation with a number of sulphonated nitrosonaphthols reagents electrostatically retained by positively charged polymer layer. PHMG coated silica is hydrolytically stable even during treatment with 6 M HCl heated up to 50 °C. The adsorption of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (nitroso-R-salt), 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (nitroso-N-salt), and 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (nitroso-K-salt) on PHMG modified silica was studied. The effective immobilisation of sulphonated nitrosonaphthols was achieved in the range of pH of 3 - 8, while the adsorption of the monosulphonated reagent (nitroso-N-salt) is twice as high as the disulphonated analogues (nitroso-R-salt and nitroso-K-salt). The adsorption of Cu(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Al(III), Zn(II), Pb(II), Mn(II), and Cr(III) on prepared complexing adsorbents under static and dynamic conditions was studied as a function of time, pH, sample volume, and presence of interfering ions. Metal ions can be desorbed by using 1 M HCl or 1 M HNO3. The preconcentration factors of metals under optimized conditions are varied from 20 to 80. The developed method was used for the preconcentration of trace metals from natural waters followed by ICP-OES determination. The sub-ppb limits of detection of metals are achieved.
A Noninvasive Prediction Nomogram for Lymph Node Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Serum Long Noncoding RNAs
Authors: Ma Jie , Zhang Li , Bian Hai-Rong , Lu Zheng-Guo , Zhu Lian , Yang Ping , Zeng Zhao-Chong , Xiang Zuo-Lin
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In order to intervene HCC LNM in advance, we developed a prediction nomogram based on serum long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Methods. Serum samples from 242 HCC patients were gathered and randomly enrolled into the training and validation cohorts. LncRNAs screened out from microarray were quantified with qRT-PCR. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied for screening independent risk factors. A prediction nomogram was ultimately developed for HCC LNM. The nomogram was estimated by discrimination and calibration tests in the validation cohort. The effects of the candidate lncRNA on the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells were further explored by wound healing assay and colony formation assay. Results. ENST00000418803, lnc-ZNF35-4:1, lnc-EPS15L1-2:1, BCLC stage, and vascular invasion were selected as components of the nomogram according to the adjusted multivariate analysis. The nomogram effectively predicted the HCC LNM risk among the cohorts with suitable calibration fittings and displayed high discrimination with C-index of 0.89 and 0.85. Moreover, the abnormally high expression of lnc-EPS15L1-2:1 in HCC cell lines showed significant carcinogenic effects. Conclusions. The noninvasive nomogram may provide more diagnostic basis for treatments of HCC. The biomarkers identified can bring new clues to basic researches.
Anesthesia Workspace Cleanliness and Safety: Implementation of a Novel Syringe Bracket Using 3D Printing Techniques
Authors: Long Dustin R. , Doney Allison , Bartels Devan L. , Tan Crystal E. , Sayal Puneet K. , Anderson Thomas A. , Agarwala Aalok V.
Published: July 2019

Purpose. Wide variability persists in the preparation and storage of common anesthetic medications despite the recognition of anesthesia workspace standardization as a national quality improvement priority. Syringe contamination and medication swaps continue to pose significant hazards to patient safety. Methods. We assessed differences in practice related to the availability of commonly prepared anesthetic medications. Using baseline provider surveys (n = 87) and anesthesia workspace audits (n = 80), we designed a custom syringe organization device using 3D printing techniques to serve as a cognitive aid and organizational tool. We iteratively tested and then deployed this device in all 60 operating rooms at a single institution, and then, repeated postintervention surveys (n = 79) and workspace audits (n = 75) one year after introduction. Results. Implementation was associated with significant improvements in provider-reported medication availability during coverage and handoff situations (43.7% versus 76.2% reporting 95% confidence preintervention versus postintervention, p<0.001). This was substantiated by audits of the anesthesia workspace which demonstrated reduced variability in the location (p<0.001) and availability (p<0.001) of key medications. Provider confidence in the cleanliness of syringes was also improved (p=0.01). A high degree of acceptance and compliance with the intervention was reported, with 80.4% of syringes observed to be stored in the device one year after implementation and approximately 95% of respondents reporting positive measures of usability and convenience. Conclusion. Use of a simple organizational device for syringes in the anesthesia workspace has numerous safety benefits. 3D printing offers improvements in adaptability and affordability compared with prior approaches.