bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meniscal Ossicles as micro-CT Imaging Biomarker in a Rodent Model of Antigen-Induced Arthritis: a Synchrotron-Based X-ray Pilot Study
Authors: Donato Sandro , Pacilè Serena , Colombo Federico , Garrovo Chiara , Monego Simeone Dal , Macor Paolo , Tromba Giuliana , Biffi Stefania
Published: August 2017

It is increasingly recognized that early detection of bone erosion plays an important role in the overall evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis and in the choice of the correct treatment approach. Since an appropriate use of imaging biomarkers in preclinical settings offers the prospect of smaller and optimized sample size, in the present study we define an anatomical imaging biomarker that could be objectively measured from micro-CT imaging data as an indicator of bone erosion in arthritis process. The well-characterized antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model in rats was used. The animals were divided into 2 groups: arthritic disease control and arthritic having been administrated with the tumor necrosis factor alpha-blocking agent (Humira). Rats were sacrificed in the acute phase of AIA; peripheral blood and synovial tissue were collected for assessment of arthritis.Ex vivomicro-CT tomography of knee joints was performed at the Elettra synchrotron light source (Trieste, Italy). Overall, results from this study suggest that use of high-resolution micro-CT analysis coupled with meniscal ossicles bone parameters quantification provide a powerful combination to enhance data interpretation and assessment of disease-modifying drugs in an animal model of arthritis.
Trophic isotopic carbon variation increases with pond’s hydroperiod: Evidence from an Austral ephemeral ecosystem
Authors: Dalu Tatenda , Wasserman Ryan J. , Froneman P. William , Weyl Olaf L. F.
Published: August 2017

Trophic variation in food web structure occurs among and within ecosystems. The magnitude of variation, however, differs from system to system. In ephemeral pond ecosystems, temporal dynamics are relatively more important than in many systems given that hydroperiod is the ultimate factor determining the presence of an aquatic state. Here, using stable isotopes we tested for changes in trophic chain length and shape over time in these dynamic aquatic ecosystems. We found that lower and intermediate trophic level structure increased over time. We discuss these findings within the context of temporal environmental stability. The dynamic nature of these ephemeral systems seems to be conducive to greater levels of intermediate and lower trophic level diversity, with omnivorous traits likely being advantageous.
Gold-rich ligament nanostructure by dealloying Au-based metallic glass ribbon for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Chao Bo-Kai , Xu Yi , Ho Hsin-Chia , Yiu Pakman , Lai Yi-Chen , Shek Chan-Hung , Hsueh Chun-Hway
Published: August 2017

A new method to fabricate an Au-rich interconnected ligament substrate by dealloying the Au-based metallic glass ribbon for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications was investigated in this study. Specifically, three substrates, Au film, Au-based metallic glass ribbon, and dealloyed Au-based metallic glass ribbon, were studied. The dealloyed surface showed ligament nanostructure with protruding micro-islands. Based on the field emission scanning electron microscopy, reflection and scattering measurements, the dealloyed Au-based metallic glass provided a large surface area, multiple reflections, and numerous fine interstices to produce hot spots for SERS enhancements. The SERS signal of analyte, p-aminothiophenol, in the micro-island region of dealloyed Au-based metallic glass was about 2 orders of magnitude larger than the flat Au film. Our work provides a new method to fabricate the inexpensive and high SERS enhancements substrates.
Selective cytotoxicity of a novel immunotoxin based on pulchellin A chain for cells expressing HIV envelope
Authors: Sadraeian Mohammad , Guimarães Francisco E. G. , Araújo Ana P. U. , Worthylake David K. , LeCour Louis , Pincus Seth H.
Published: August 2017

Immunotoxins (ITs), which consist of antibodies conjugated to toxins, have been proposed as a treatment for cancer and chronic infections. To develop and improve the ITs, different toxins such as ricin, have been used, aiming for higher efficacy against target cells. The toxin pulchellin, isolated from theAbrus pulchellusplant, has similar structure and function as ricin. Here we have compared two plant toxins, recombinant A chains from ricin (RAC) and pulchellin (PAC) toxins, for their ability to kill HIV Env-expressing cells. In this study, RAC and PAC were produced inE. coli, and chromatographically purified, then chemically conjugated to two different anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), anti-gp120 MAb 924 or anti-gp41 MAb 7B2. These conjugates were characterized biochemically and immunologically. Cell internalization was studied by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results showed that PAC can function within an effective IT. The ITs demonstrated specific binding against native antigens on persistently HIV-infected cells and recombinant antigens on Env-transfected cells. PAC cytotoxicity appears somewhat less than RAC, the standard for comparison. This is the first report that PAC may have utility for the design and construction of therapeutic ITs, highlighting the potential role for specific cell targeting.
Connexin-43 enhances tumor suppressing activity of artesunate via gap junction-dependent as well as independent pathways in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Raza Asif , Ghoshal Archita , Chockalingam S. , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar
Published: August 2017

The gap junction (GJ) protein connexin-43 (Cx43) is considered as a tumour suppressor protein for its role in reversing the phenotype of the cancer cells. In this study, we exploited the antitumor property of Cx43 in conjunction with the artesunate (ART), a plant-based active anti-malarial compound. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by ART resulted in DNA damage, which in turn led to DNA damage response by activation of DNA damage repair proteins. GJ deficient MCF-7 cells transfected with Cx43 gene showed an increased sensitivity towards dose-dependent ART treatment and required a significantly lower dose of ART to attain its IC50, as compared to parental cells. This would ultimately result in reduced dose-dependent side effects of ART. The Co-culture experiments involving GJ intercellular communication (GJIC) deficient and GJIC enabled cells, established the transfer of ROS to the neighbouring cancer cells not exposed to ART. The ROS accumulated in the ART-treated cells induced the oxidative damage in neighbouring cells, leading to bystander cell death and inhibition of bystander cell proliferation. Thus, our study revealed that expression of Cx43 helped in reducing the dose-dependent cytotoxicity of ART as well as enhanced the bystander apoptosis of the neighbouring cells.
Asymmetry of eye color in the common cuckoo
Authors: Yoo Ha-Na , Lee Jin-Won , Yoo Jeong-Chil
Published: August 2017

Bilateral symmetry is assumed to contribute to the evolution of eye color, with the left and right eye being the same color in most vertebrates; yet, few studies tested this assumption. Here, we compared the amount of iris flecking (black spots presented on the iris) between the left and right eye of 76 adult common cuckoosCuculus canorus. We found considerable variation in the total amount of iris flecking among individuals, with variation being associated with body size and sex. We also found that the amount of iris flecking differed between the left and right eye and that this left-right asymmetry was not random, with the left eye almost always being darker than the right eye. Furthermore, this asymmetry was negatively associated with wing length; however, this effect was limited to individuals with dark eyes. Overall, the asymmetric, but non-random, distribution of iris flecking between the left and right eye may indicate that selection pressures driving asymmetry (such as visual lateralization) act on the development of iris colors, even though this effect might be limited, due to the role of bilateral symmetry.
Deficiency of COX7RP, a mitochondrial supercomplex assembly promoting factor, lowers blood glucose level in mice
Authors: Shiba Sachiko , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Horie-Inoue Kuniko , Nakayama Akitoshi , Tanaka Tomoaki , Inoue Satoshi
Published: August 2017

Mitochondria are essential organelles to efficiently produce ATP by ATP-synthase, which uses a proton-gradient generated by respiratory chain complexes. We previously demonstrated that COX7RP/COX7A2L/SCAF1 is a key molecule that promotes respiratory supercomplex assembly and regulates energy generation. The contribution of COX7RP to metabolic homeostasis, however, remains to be clarified. In the present study, we showed a metabolic phenotype of Cox7rp knockout (Cox7rpKO) mice, which exhibit lower blood glucose levels after insulin or pyruvate injection. Notably, ATP synthesis rate was reduced in Cox7rpKO mice liver, in accordance with decreased percentages of complex III subunit RISP and complex IV subunit COX1 involved in I + III + IV supercomplex fraction. The present findings suggest that COX7RP-mediated mitochondrial respiration plays crucial roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and its impairment will lead to the pathophysiology of metabolic states.
Exploiting the high oxidation potential of carisoprodol on a boron-doped diamond electrode: an improved method for its simultaneous determination with acetaminophen and caffeine
Authors: Eisele Ana Paula Pires , Valezi Camila Farinha , Sartori Elen Romão
Published: August 2017

For the first time, carisoprodol was simultaneously determined with acetaminophen and caffeine employing an electroanalytical method.
Development of a novel method for the enrichment of unsubstituted naphthalene and phenanthrene from crude oils for compound-specific stable isotope analysis
Authors: Chen Yongxin , Zhang Xilong , Chang Jiang , Ma Suping , Wu Yingqin , Xia Yanqing
Published: August 2017

A novel, effective and easy-to-operate method to enrich unsubstituted naphthalene and phenanthrene directly from crude oils was developed based on closed-system pyrolysis.
Going against the flow: Os(ii)-to-Ru(ii) energy transfer in rod-like polypyridyl chromophore
Authors: Laramée-Milette Baptiste , Hanan Garry S.
Published: August 2017

A rod-like chromophore with an hpp-type ligand exhibits unprecedented Os(ii)-to-Ru(ii) energy transfer.
Desorption dynamics of CO2 from formate decomposition on Cu(111)
Authors: Muttaqien Fahdzi , Oshima Hiroyuki , Hamamoto Yuji , Inagaki Kouji , Hamada Ikutaro , Morikawa Yoshitada
Published: August 2017

Based on the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on formate decomposition into CO2 and adsorbed H on Cu(111), we suggest that excitation of CO2 bending mode can enhance formate synthesis.
Endonuclease IV based competitive DNA probe assay for differentiation of low-abundance point mutations by discriminating stable single-base mismatches
Authors: Xu Jiaju , Li Longjie , Chen Na , She Yongxin , Wang Shanshan , Liu Na , Xiao Xianjin
Published: August 2017

A unique discrimination property of Endo IV toward stable single-base mismatches was found and used to detect low-abundance point mutations.
Effect of ligand structure on the size control of mono- and bi-thiolate-protected silver nanoclusters
Authors: Zheng Kaiyuan , Yuan Xun , Xie Jianping
Published: August 2017

Three types of thiolate ligand have been employed to examine the effect of ligand structure on the size of mono- and bi-thiolate-protected silver nanoclusters.
Immunoglobulin binding (B1) domain mediated antibody conjugation to quantum dots for in vitro and in vivo molecular imaging
Authors: Tsuboi Setsuko , Sasaki Akira , Sakata Takao , Yasuda Hidehiro , Jin Takashi
Published: August 2017

A facile method for the preparation of antibody–quantum dot conjugates using the immunoglobulin binding (B1) domain of protein G is presented. The utility of antibody–quantum dot conjugates using the B1 domain is demonstrated for fluorescence imaging of breast tumor cellsin vitroandin vivo.
Design, synthesis and application of a near-infrared fluorescent probe for in vivo imaging of aminopeptidase N
Authors: He Xinyuan , Hu Yiming , Shi Wen , Li Xiaohua , Ma Huimin
Published: August 2017

We have, for the first time, developed a near-infrared fluorescent probe for aminopeptidase N by combining a hemicyanine and an alanyl residue.
Halogen bonded cocrystals of active pharmaceutical ingredients: pyrazinamide, lidocaine and pentoxifylline in combination with haloperfluorinated compounds
Authors: Choquesillo-Lazarte Duane , Nemec Vinko , Cinčić Dominik
Published: August 2017

Six novel halogen-bonded cocrystals of active pharmaceutical ingredients with 1,4-diiodo- and 1,4-dibromotetrafluorobenzene have been synthesized.
Comparative photophysics and ultrafast dynamics of dimethylaminochalcone and a structurally rigid derivative: experimental identification of TICT coordinate
Authors: Ghosh Rajib , Manna Biswajit
Published: August 2017

Restriction of torsional relaxation and solvent dependent competing photophysical dynamics of free and rigid dimethylaminochalcones were investigated by time resolved spectroscopy.
Excess charge driven dissociative hydrogen adsorption on Ti2O4−
Authors: Song Xiaowei , Fagiani Matias R. , Debnath Sreekanta , Gao Min , Maeda Satoshi , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Asmis Knut R. , Lyalin Andrey
Published: August 2017

The mechanism of dissociative D2 adsorption on Ti2O4− is studied using infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations.
Phase separation dynamics of polydisperse colloids: a mean-field lattice-gas theory
Authors: de Castro Pablo , Sollich Peter
Published: August 2017

Strong theoretical evidence shows that dense colloidal mixtures phase-separate in two stages and the denser phase contains long-lived composition heterogeneities.
Complex relationship between SAPO framework topology, content and distribution of Si and catalytic behaviour in the MTO reaction
Authors: Pinilla-Herrero I. , Márquez-Álvarez C. , Sastre E.
Published: August 2017

Three small-pore silicoaluminophosphates containing relatively large cavities in their structure (LEV, LTA and SAV) have been hydrothermally synthesized with various silicon concentrations.
Ultra-high cycling stability of poly(vinylphenothiazine) as a battery cathode material resulting from π–π interactions
Authors: Kolek M. , Otteny F. , Schmidt P. , Mück-Lichtenfeld C. , Einholz C. , Becking J. , Schleicher E. , Winter M. , Bieker P. , Esser B.
Published: August 2017

π–π interactions in a phenothiazine-based organic redox polymer lead to an ultra-high cycling stability of a lithium–organic battery.
Response of the phytoplankton community to water quality in a local alpine glacial lake of Xinjiang Tianchi, China: potential drivers and management implications
Authors: Lu Xiaotian , Song Shuai , Lu Yonglong , Wang Tieyu , Liu Zhaoyang , Li Qifeng , Zhang Meng , Suriyanarayanan Sarvajayakesavalu , Jenkins Alan
Published: August 2017

Eutrophication status investigation and anthropogenic activity analysis in a typical alpine glacial lake were carried out in this study.
Sediments inhibit adsorption of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol to carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide
Authors: Sun Weiling , Li Menglin , Zhang Wei , Wei Jingmiao , Chen Ben , Wang Conghe
Published: August 2017

The decreasing particle size and OM removal of sediments enhanced the inhibition effect of sediments on E2/EE2 adsorption to CNMs.
Hole doping, hybridization gaps, and electronic correlation in graphene on a platinum substrate
Authors: Hwang Jinwoong , Hwang Hwihyeon , Kim Min-Jeong , Ryu Hyejin , Lee Ji-Eun , Zhou Qin , Mo Sung-Kwan , Lee Jaekwang , Lanzara Alessandra , Hwang Choongyu
Published: August 2017

Deep hole-doping and strong hybridization differentiate graphene/Pt from other graphene on metals.
Interrupted silicogermanate with 10-ring channels: synthesis and structure determination by combining rotation electron diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction
Authors: Wang Yilin , Wang Yunchen , Su Jie , Song Xiaowei , Wan Wei , Yu Jihong
Published: August 2017

Structure determination of silicogermanate with sti layers pillared by D4R/Ge7units by rotation electron diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction.
Visible-light photoredox catalyzed hydroacylation of electron-deficient alkenes: carboxylic anhydride as an acyl radical source
Authors: Dong Shupeng , Wu Guibing , Yuan Xiaoqian , Zou Chuncheng , Ye Jinxing
Published: August 2017

Simple aromatic carboxylic anhydrides have been employed for a novel acyl Michael addition via visible light photoredox catalysis.
Wide band gap design of new chalcogenide compounds: KSrPS4 and CsBaAsS4
Authors: Jiang Jianqiao , Mei Dajiang , Gong Pifu , Lin Zheshuai , Zhong Junbo , Wu Yuandong
Published: August 2017

KSrPS4 and CsBaAsS4 were successfully synthesized. The results of diffuse reflectance measurements revealed that KSrPS4 and CsBaAsS4 possess wide band gaps, which are larger than 3.62 eV and 2.86 eV, respectively.
Examining the molecular entanglement between VO complexes and their matrices in atmospheric residues by ESR
Authors: Cui Qingyan , Nakabayashi Koji , Ma Xiaoliang , Ideta Keiko , Miyawaki Jin , Marafi Abdulazim M. J. , Al-Mutairi Adel , Park Joo-Il , Yoon Seong-Ho , Mochida Isao
Published: August 2017

The VO complexes in atmospheric residues, their maltene, resin and asphaltene fractions have been investigated using ESR to examine the effects of the surrounding matrixes on the electron structure and mobility of the VO ion at various conditions.
Local temperature reduction induced crystallization of MASnI3 and achieving a direct wafer production
Authors: Yao Zhun , Yang Zhou , Liu Yucheng , Zhao Wangen , Zhang Xiaorong , Liu Bin , Wu Huan , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: August 2017

A local temperature reduction induced crystallization (LTRIC) method has been developed to prepare CH3NH3SnI3 wafer with 110 μm-thick, which shows great orientation along [001] direction, absorption onset at 1015 nm and a narrow band gap of 1.21 eV.
Engineered fusion protein-loaded gold nanocarriers for targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin and erbB2-siRNA in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2+ ovarian cancer
Authors: Kotcherlakota Rajesh , Srinivasan Durga Jeyalakshmi , Mukherjee Sudip , Haroon Mohamed Mohamed , Dar Ghulam Hassan , Venkatraman Uthra , Patra Chitta Ranjan , Gopal Vijaya
Published: August 2017

Gold nanoparticle based targeted drug delivery system (TDDS) for transporting DX and siRNA in HER2+ ovarian cancer.
Upconversion nanoparticle-decorated gold nanoshells for near-infrared induced heating and thermometry
Authors: Nigoghossian K. , Ouellet S. , Plain J. , Messaddeq Y. , Boudreau D. , Ribeiro S. J. L.
Published: August 2017

The present work involves the design of a multifunctional system based on gold nanoshells (AuNSs) decorated with lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) intended as an optical heater and temperature probe at the nanoscale.
Recent advances in engineered chitosan-based nanogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Qian Jun , Ding Fuyuan
Published: August 2017

Recent progress in the preparation and biomedical applications of engineered chitosan-based nanogels has been comprehensively reviewed.
Threshold‐based negotiation framework for grid resource allocation
Authors: Çavdar Tuğrul , Kakız Muhammet Talha
Published: August 2017

Computational grid provides virtual powerful computer for solving any large‐scale scientific, commercial, and engineering problems by aggregating and sharing heterogeneous resources. However, designing an effective resource allocation method is a complicated task. To undertake the task, several economic‐based resource management models have been studied. Bargaining (or negotiation) is one of the most used and effective models even though it has several main defects such as high communication demand and the risk of losing a deal. Instead of repeating negotiation for every generated grid job (GJ), the novel contribution of threshold‐based negotiation framework is to determine whether a new negotiation is needed or not, according to the current market conditions which depend on supply of resource providers and demand of consumers. In the proposed framework, agents request for renewing negotiation, provided that the amount of change in market conditions exceeds pre‐defined threshold. Therefore, communication overhead and the risk of losing the deal are minimised by avoiding unnecessary negotiations.
Simple and robust ternary pulse‐encoding and reconstruction of narrowband RF signals over low‐cost fibre‐optic links
Authors: Morgan Dennis R.
Published: August 2017

An existing ternary pulse‐coding scheme for bandpass signals, whereby a timing code specifies positive and negative rectangular pulses as well as a third zero state formed by skipping pulses, is adapted to transmission and reconstruction of narrowband RF signals over inexpensive fibre‐optic links. The main feature of this technique is that reconstruction of the narrowband analog signal is particularly simple, requiring only a bandpass filter. Simulations using a complex band‐limited Gaussian baseband input to represent a 20‐MHz LTE‐A signal establish the ideal theoretical performance, which is then compared to experimental results obtained by transmission on a 1.6‐GHz carrier over a fibre‐optic link consisting of an electro‐absorption modulated laser, 10 km of standard single‐mode fibre (SSMF), and avalanche photodiode detector. The experimental results are only slightly impaired from ideal performance, even for only 6 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio, thereby demonstrating the viability and robustness of the proposed technique.
Palladium-Catalyzed Copper-Free Sonogashira Coupling of 2-Bromoarylcarbonyls: Synthesis of Isobenzofurans via One-Pot Reductive Cyclization
Authors: Krishna Reddy Alavala , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: August 2017

Palladium-catalyzed copper-free Sonogashira coupling of 2-bromocarbonyls is presented. This method afforded the 2-alkynylaryl carbonyls, useful synthons for the accomplishment of many carbocyclic and heterocyclic motifs. Significantly, the strategy was extended to the one-pot synthesis of isobenzofurans via reduction followed by intramolecular 5-exo-dig cyclization.
Synthesis of Novel Polyazinyl-Substituted Triazolopyridines from [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines
Authors: Abarca Belén , Adam Rosa , Ballesteros Rafael
Published: August 2017

A series of 7-azinyl-substituted triazolopyridines and 3-(6-azi­nyl-substituted 2-pyridyl)triazolopyridines were synthesized by addition of the corresponding 3-substituted 7-lithiotriazolopyridine to pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, and 1,3,5-triazine respectively, followed by hydrolysis and oxidation.
The Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Indoles with Michael Acceptors Catalyzed by Magnesium and Calcium Salts
Authors: Beletskaya Irina , Feofanov Mikhail , Anokhin Maxim , Averin Alexei
Published: August 2017

Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indole and its derivatives with a variety of electron-deficient alkenes catalyzed by Mg and Ca salts has been studied. The dependence of the results on the nature of the starting olefins, substituents on indole, and Michael acceptors, as well as on the composition of the Lewis acid is discussed. High yields of the addition products were achieved in the addition of indole to β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters and coumarin derivatives, some nitroolefins, and arylidenemalonates. Reactions involving arylidenemalonates were found to be the most versatile and smooth, the best yields reached 92%. Among the Mg and Ca salts tested, magnesium iodide (MgI2) proved to be the most appropriate catalyst in the addition to various unsaturated carbonyl compounds, while calcium triflimide [Ca(NTf2)2] efficiently catalyzed the addition to nitroolefins.
Impact of Satellite Practices on Academic Ophthalmology Departments
Authors: Kuo Irene , Wright Scott
Published: August 2017

Background A recent small study described how “satellite” clinics (off-site and strategically situated) associated with six academic ophthalmology departments provided expansion opportunities, and also created unique challenges.

Objectives The aim of this study was to gather a wider viewpoint by surveying chairpersons about their opinions of satellite practices, and how these relate to their departmental mission.

Research Design Online survey.

Subjects Chairperson members of the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology.

Results More than 60% of respondents had satellite practices affiliated with their departments. Most departments had two to five satellite practices; 33% had satellites that were located further than 50 miles away from the main hospital. On average, satellites accounted for 25 to 30% of total patient visits for the department. Departments whose satellites accounted for 50% or more of total patient visits to the department were those with the largest clinical volumes (>100,000 annual patient visits). Comprehensive ophthalmology was the most common service offered at satellites. All Chairs believed satellite practices had at least maintained, if not improved, their departments' reputation. Seventy percent were concerned about perceived competition with referring community doctors. Research endeavors and trainee education were not considered to be priorities of satellite practices.

Conclusion Overall, chairpersons in the United States believed that satellite practices had strengthened their departments. The geographical expansion of departments, particularly with comprehensive ophthalmology (inclusive of optometric services), has implications for relations with the referral base in the surrounding communities. Thoughtful management of these practices, with attention paid to both meeting financial goals as well as fulfilling the academic mission, is necessary to ensure that the advantages outweigh the drawbacks.
Repair of Large Segmental Bone Defect using Vascularized Small Corticocancellous Bone in Rabbit Femur
Authors: Kang Jong , Suh Dong , Park Jung , Park Jong , Lee Soon , Park Jong
Published: August 2017

Background Although free-vascularized long-bone transfer is useful for reconstruction of a large segmental bone defect, it is limited by availability of transplantable bone, meticulous microsurgical technique, and donor-site morbidities. Hence, easier, readily available, and safer surgical procedures are warranted. This study evaluated the effects of vascularized small corticocancellous bone grafting for reconstruction of a large segmental rabbit femur defect.

Methods A 1.5 cm defect was created in the femurs of 40 New Zealand white rabbits and divided into a control group (n = 10, bone defect without graft), group A (n = 10, bone defect filled with morselized autogenous bone), group B (n = 10, bone defect grafted with a vascularized small corticocancellous bone and morselized autogenous bone), and group C (n = 10, bone defect grafted with a vascularized small corticocancellous bone). Simple radiographs were taken postoperatively, and bone healing ability was scored using Taira's radiologic scale. Histologic examinations were scored using Emery's histologic scale. The expression of osteogenesis-related growth factors (BMP-2, -4, and -7, VEGF, and RANKL) was analyzed.

Results Radiologically, group B showed superior biological efficacy in bone formation and consolidation over the other groups. Histologically, the defect in group B was filled with more abundant mature bone than the other groups. Group B showed higher gene expression of BMP-2, -4, and -7, and VEGF.

Conclusions The grafting of the morselized autogenous bone (MSB) combined with the vascularized small corticocancellous bone is more effective than that of the MSB alone for repairing a large segmental bone defect.
Acute Kidney Injury Impairs Postnatal Renal Adaptation and Increases Morbidity and Mortality in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Schwartz Alan , John Eunice , Price Ross , Amin Sachin , Srinivasan Nishant
Published: August 2017

Objective This study aims to estimate the impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) on postnatal renal adaptation, morbidity, and mortality in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants.

Design We conducted a retrospective study of 457 VLBW infants admitted to a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between July 2009 and April 2015. We compared patient characteristics, risk factors, serum creatinine trends, and adverse outcomes in infants with and without AKI using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results Incidence of AKI was 19.5%. On multivariate analysis, postnatal risk factors such as patent ductus arteriosus and vancomycin use were significantly associated with AKI. Infants with AKI had significantly higher mortality; 25/89 (28%) versus 15/368 (4%) (p < 0.001). Among survivors with AKI, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was more prevalent (52.8 vs. 23.9%, p < 0.001), serum creatinine remained elevated for a longer duration and median length of stay extended by 38 days.

Conclusion Presence of AKI was associated with impaired postnatal renal adaptation, BPD, significantly longer stay in the NICU and higher mortality.
Does Physical Fatigue Affect Color Vision?
Authors: Tekavcic Bor , Milić Radoje , Pompe Manca
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to establish whether physical fatigue affects color vision. Thirty healthy participants were included in the study (M:F=15:15), age 25.3±4.4 y, all professional or top amateur athletes. They were exhausted using the Wingate test (WT). Physical fatigue was determined by blood lactate level before the WT and 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 min after. Color vision was evaluated using the Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) and the Mollon-Reffin Minimalist (MRM) tests before the WT and 5, 10 and 30 min after. Five minutes after the WT 2/30 (6%) showed affected color vision in the protan axis and 25/30 (83%) in the tritan axis. Ten and 30 min after the WT all the participants showed normal color vision in both the deutan and protan axes, whereas 12/30 (40%) and 8/30 (26%), respectively, showed affected color vision in the tritan axis. A gender difference was observed in color vision deficiency and improvement, with female participants being affected more and longer. The study showed that intense physical effort affects color vision with the tritan axis being predominantly affected.
Sind 10 000 Schritte pro Tag genug?
Authors: Kornhuber Johannes
Published: August 2017

Schrittzähler sind in den vergangenen Jahren sehr beliebt geworden. Auch wir bieten sie unseren stationär behandelten Patienten an,
beispielsweise im Rahmen der multimodalen Therapie 8. Üblicherweise werden 10 000 Schritte pro Tag
empfohlen, z. B. von der American Heart Association. Doch wieso gerade diese magische Zahl? Wahrscheinlich ist, dass sie auf ein kleines
Gerät zurückgeht, das in Japan entwickelt und verkauft wurde, im Zusammenhang mit den Olympischen Spielen 1964 in Tokio. Das Gerät hieß
„manpokei“, übersetzt „10 000-Schritte-Messgerät“ 1. Es handelt sich also zunächst um eine Werbebotschaft
ohne wissenschaftliche Basis. Die Zahl klingt rund, und es findet sich eine Analogie zu der viel zitierten Annahme, dass 10 000 Stunden
Beschäftigung mit einem neuen Feld ausreichen, um Experte zu werden 4, 5.
Corporate Financial Reporting
Authors: Hussey Roger , Ong Audra
Published: August 2017

This engaging new textbook takes a refreshing approach to the subject of intermediate level financial reporting. As well as presenting the IFRS clearly, with global, real-life examples, it examines not only the debates surrounding their historical development but also critically analyses their current requirements and looks ahead to future challenges in this rapidly changing field. Encouraging students to do more than simply perform calculations, the book considers both the user’s perspective, as well as the preparer’s, where relevant, allowing an appreciation of the implications of financial information to a business.

This text is aimed at undergraduate, intermediate-level modules on financial reporting on Accounting degrees.
Race, religion and the city: twitter word frequency patterns reveal dominant demographic dimensions in the United States
Authors: Bokányi Eszter , Kondor Dániel , Dobos László , Sebők Tamás , Stéger József , Csabai István , Vattay Gábor
Published: August 2017

Recently, numerous approaches have emerged in the social sciences to exploit the opportunities made possible by the vast amounts of data generated by online social networks (OSNs). Having access to information about users on such a scale opens up a range of possibilities—from predicting individuals’ demographics and health status to their beliefs and political opinions—all without the limitations associated with often slow and expensive paper-based polls. A question that remains to be satisfactorily addressed, however, is how demography is represented in OSN content—that is, what are the relevant aspects that constitute detectable large-scale patterns in language? Here, we study language use in the United States using a corpus of text compiled from over half a billion geotagged messages from the online microblogging platform Twitter. Our intention is to reveal the most important spatial patterns in language use in an unsupervised manner and relate them to demographics. Our approach is based on Latent Semantic Analysis augmented with the Robust Principal Component Analysis methodology, which permits identification of the data’s main sources of variation with an automatic filtering of noise and outliers without influencing results by a priori assumptions. We find spatially correlated patterns that can be interpreted based on the words associated with them. The main language features can be related to slang use, urbanization, travel, religion and ethnicity, the patterns of which are shown to correlate plausibly with traditional census data. Apart from the standard measure of linear correlation, some relations seem to be better explained by Boolean implications, suggesting a threshold-like behaviour where demographic variables influence the users’ word use. Our findings validate the concept of demography being represented in OSN language use and show that the traits observed are inherently present in the word frequencies without any previous assumptions about the dataset. They therefore could form the basis of further research focusing on the evaluation of demographic data estimation from other big data sources, or on the dynamical processes that result in the patterns identified here.
Collaborative encounters? Two recent Spanish takes on the Shakespeare–Cervantes relationship
Authors: Gregor Keith
Published: August 2017

In the context of the commemoration of the deaths of William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes, this article reconsiders the relationship between these two national icons and its implications for the question of authorship. Since Anthony Burgess published his short story A Meeting in Valladolid in 1989, the possibility of an encounter, whether real or imaginary, between the two men, each learning from the other’s fortes and mistakes, has proven an attractive and pervasive one. In Cervantes’s own country Spain the idea of an encounter has given rise to (amongst other artifacts) a stage play called Miguel Will, by José Carlos Somoza in 1997, in which Cervantes helps Shakespeare compose a play about Don Quixote and Sancho, and a movie called Miguel y William, directed by Inés París in 2007, in which the romantic rivalry between the two authors is the inspiration for a collaborative theatrical endeavour. After briefly discussing these two texts and the scholarly and popular myths on which they are predicated, I go on to link them to the larger issues of biography, influence and intertextuality. While, with the possible exception of the lost Cardenio, there was no demonstrable collusion between Shakespeare and Cervantes, Miguel Will and Miguel y William seem to suggest alternative modes of “collaboration” that nonetheless fail to challenge or transcend still prevalent notions of writerly authority. This article is published as part of a collection to commemorate the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare’s death.
On the mechanism of carbon nanostructures formation at reaction of organic compounds at high pressure and temperature
Authors: Satonkina Nataliya P. , Medvedev Dmitry A.
Published: August 2017

Based on the analysis of the data on the behavior of electric conductivity at the detonation of condensed high explosives (HEs) with the composition CaHbNcOd and the carbon mass fraction higher than 0.1, the conclusion was made of the presence of long carbon nanostructures. These structures penetrate all the space of reacting HE. The structures are formed already in the chemical peak region, and they evolve along the detonation wave.
Self-propelled Leidenfrost drops on a thermal gradient: A theoretical study
Authors: Sobac B. , Rednikov A. , Dorbolo S. , Colinet P.
Published: August 2017

We theoretically investigate the behavior of Leidenfrost drops on a flat substrate submitted to a horizontal thermal gradient and highlight that they are able to self-propel in a preferential direction. Namely, they are found to travel towards the colder parts of the substrate, as if they were trying to maximize their lifetime. In particular, a centimetric water drop can reach velocities of the order of cm/s for thermal gradients of the order of a few K/mm. In general, the presented model, based upon the lubrication approximation in the vapor cushion as in the work of Sobac et al. [“Leidenfrost effect: Accurate drop shape modeling and new scaling laws,” Phys. Rev. E 90, 053011 (2014)] and here formulated for simplicity for a 2D drop, enables predicting the values of these velocities as a function of the thermal gradient, drop size, superheat, and fluid properties. Surprisingly, the variability of vapor properties with temperature turns out to be instrumental for the drop to move, even if the vapor film profile is always asymmetric anyway. Finally, this asymmetry being typically weak, its effect also proved to be well captured by linearization around the corresponding symmetric Leidenfrost state.
From isolated diamondoids to a van-der-Waals crystal: A theoretical and experimental analysis of a trishomocubane and a diamantane dimer in the gas and solid phase
Authors: Tyborski Christoph , Meinke Reinhard , Gillen Roland , Bischoff Tobias , Knecht Andre , Richter Robert , Merli Andrea , Fokin Andrey A. , Koso Tetyana V. , Rodionov Vladimir N. , Schreiner Peter R. , Möller Thomas , Rander Torbjörn , Thomsen Christian , Maultzsch Janina
Published: August 2017

The electronic properties of sp2/sp3 diamondoids in the crystalline state and in the gas phase are presented. Apparent differences in electronic properties experimentally observed by resonance Raman spectroscopy in the crystalline/gas phase and absorption measurements in the gas phase were investigated by density functional theory computations. Due to a reorganization of the molecular orbitals in the crystalline phase, the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy gaps are lowered significantly by 0.5 eV–1 eV. The π → π* transition is responsible for large absorption in both gas and crystalline phases. It further causes a large increase in the Raman intensity of the C=C stretch vibration when excited resonantly. By resonance Raman spectroscopy we were able to determine the C=C bond length of the trishomocubane dimer to exhibit 1.33 Å in the ground and 1.41 Å in the excited state.
Effects of a static inhomogeneous magnetic field acting on a laser-produced carbon plasma plume
Authors: Favre M. , Ruiz H. M. , Bendixsen L. S. Caballero , Reyes S. , Veloso F. , Wyndham E. , Bhuyan H.
Published: August 2017

We present time- and space-resolved observations of the dynamics of a laser-produced carbon plasma, propagating in a sub-Tesla inhomogeneous magnetic field, with both, axial and radial field gradients. An Nd:YAG laser pulse, 340 mJ, 3.5 ns, at 1.06 μm, with a fluence of 7 J/cm2, is used to generate the plasma from a solid graphite target, in vacuum. The magnetic field is produced using two coaxial sets of two NeFeB ring magnets, parallel to the laser target surface. The diagnostics include plasma imaging with 50 ns time resolution, spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy and Faraday cup. Based on our observations, evidence of radial and axial plasma confinement due to magnetic field gradients is presented. Formation of C2 molecules, previously observed in the presence of a low pressure neutral gas background, and enhanced on-axis ion flux, are ascribed to finite Larmor radius effects and reduced radial transport due to the presence of the magnetic field.
Analytic definition of spin structure
Authors: Avetisyan Zhirayr , Fang Yan-Long , Saveliev Nikolai , Vassiliev Dmitri
Published: August 2017

We work on a parallelizable time-orientable Lorentzian 4-manifold and prove that in this case, the notion of spin structure can be equivalently defined in a purely analytic fashion. Our analytic definition relies on the use of the concept of a non-degenerate two-by-two formally self-adjoint first order linear differential operator and gauge transformations of such operators. We also give an analytic definition of spin structure for the 3-dimensional Riemannian case.
Convective mixing in vertically-layered porous media: The linear regime and the onset of convection
Authors: Ghorbani Zohreh , Riaz Amir , Daniel Don
Published: August 2017

We study the effect of permeability heterogeneity on the stability of gravitationally unstable, transient, diffusive boundary layers in porous media. Permeability is taken to vary periodically in the horizontal plane normal to the direction of gravity. In contrast to the situation for vertical permeability variation, the horizontal perturbation structures are multimodal. We therefore use a two-dimensional quasi-steady eigenvalue analysis as well as a complementary initial value problem to investigate the stability behavior in the linear regime, until the onset of convection. We find that thick permeability layers enhance instability compared with thin layers when heterogeneity is increased. On the contrary, for thin layers the instability is weakened progressively with increasing heterogeneity to the extent that the corresponding homogeneous case is more unstable. For high levels of heterogeneity, we find that a small change in the permeability field results in large variations in the onset time of convection, similar to the instability event in the linear regime. However, this trend does not persist unconditionally because of the reorientation of vorticity pairs due to the interaction of evolving perturbation structures with heterogeneity. Consequently, an earlier onset of instability does not necessarily imply an earlier onset of convection. A resonant amplification of instability is observed within the linear regime when the dominant perturbation mode is equal to half the wavenumber of permeability variation. On the other hand, a substantial damping occurs when the perturbation mode is equal to the harmonic and sub-harmonic components of the permeability wavenumber. The phenomenon of such harmonic interactions influences both the onset of instability as well as the onset of convection.
Cylindrical electron acoustic solitons for modified time-fractional nonlinear equation
Authors: Abdelwahed H. G. , El-Shewy E. K. , Mahmoud Abeer A.
Published: August 2017

The modulation of cylindrical electron acoustic characteristics using a time fractal modified nonlinear equation has been investigated in nonisothermal plasmas. The time fractional cylindrical modified-Korteweg-de Vries equation has been obtained by Agrawal's analysis. A cylindrical localized soliton has been obtained via the Adomian decomposition method. The pressure term and cylindrical time fractional effects on the modulated wave properties have been investigated with comparative auroral observations. It is established that the presence of the fractional order factor not only significantly modifies the solitary characteristics but also varies the profile polarity.
Fabrication of atomically abrupt interfaces of single-phase TiH2 and Al2O3
Authors: Shimizu Ryota , Sasahara Yuki , Oguchi Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Kuniko , Sugiyama Issei , Shiraki Susumu , Orimo Shin-ichi , Hitosugi Taro
Published: August 2017

We report the fabrication of atomically abrupt interfaces of titanium dihydride (δ-TiH2) films and α-Al2O3(001) substrates. With the assistance from reactive hydrogen in plasma, single-phase δ-TiH2 epitaxial thin films were grown on α-Al2O3(001) substrates using the reactive magnetron sputtering technique. Scanning transmission electron microscopy measurements revealed an atomically abrupt interface at the δ-TiH2(111) film and Al2O3(001) substrate. These results indicate that the reactive magnetron sputtering has great potential to deposit various epitaxial thin films of hydrides restricted by the hydrogenation limit. The fabrication of high-quality hydride epitaxial thin films with atomically controlled interfaces paves the way for future hydride electronics.
Multi-tests for pore structure characterization-A case study using lamprophyre
Authors: Li Zhen , Feng Guorui , Luo Yi , Hu Shengyong , Qi Tingye , Jiang Haina , Guo Jun , Bai Jinwen , Du Xianjie , Kang Lixun
Published: August 2017

The pore structure plays an important role to understand methane adsorption, storage and flow behavior of geological materials. In this paper, the multi-tests including N2 adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and CT reconstruction have been proposed on Tashan lamprophyre samples. The main findings are listed: (1) The pore size distribution has a broad range ranging from 2-100000nm, among which the adsorption pores (<100nm) occupies the mainly specific surface areas and pore volume while the seepage pores (>100nm) only account for 34% of total pore volume. (2) The lamprophyre open pores are mainly slit-like/plate-like and ink-bottle-shaped pores on a two-dimensional level. The lamprophyre 3D pore structure shows more stochastic and anisotropic extension on the z axis to form a complex pore system on a three-dimensional level. (3) The closed pores (>647nm) occupy averaged 74.86% and 72.75% of total pores (>647nm) volume and specific surface area indicating a poor connectivity pore system. The revealed results provide basic information for understanding the abnormal methane emission reasons in similar geological conditions with lamprophyre invasions.
Zinc Electrodeposition in the Presence of an Aqueous Electrolyte Containing 1-Ethylpyridinium Bromide: Unexpected Oddities
Authors: Easton Max E. , Player Lisa C. , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas
Published: August 2017

The reversible electrodeposition of zinc was investigated in an aqueous electrolyte containing zinc bromide (50 mM) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([C2Py]Br, 50 mM) by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and scanning electron microscopy. Unusual voltammetric behaviour for the Zn/ZnII redox couple was observed in the presence of [C2Py]Br. Passivation of the redox couple was observed after a single deposition–stripping cycle at switching potentials more negative than −1.25 V versus Ag/AgCl. This unusual behaviour was attributed to the reduction of 1-ethylpyridinium cations to pyridyl radicals and their follow-up reactions, which influenced the zinc electrochemistry. This behaviour was further seen to modify the nucleation process of electrodeposition, which altered the morphology of zinc electrodeposits.