bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health consequences of using special diets with restricted carbohydrate consumption
Authors: Janowska Maria , Rogacka Karolina , Pyrak Bartłomiej , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia
Published: March 2022

Introduction and purpose: There are many reasons why patients with specific health disorders, as well as people in good health, decide to follow special diets. Often their choice falls on dietary models that include limited carbohydrate intake. The most popular in this area are low-carbohydrate and high-protein diets, which have a significant impact on metabolism, making them of particular interest to people with excessive body weight. 

State of knowledge: Low-carbohydrate diets include many dietary models of varying restrictiveness, with or without achieving a state of ketosis. The ketogenic diet has the most promising clinical results in terms of effects on carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Long-term studies are still too few and inconsistent, also regarding the effects on weight loss compared to traditional approach. High-protein diets also include a reduction in carbohydrate intake, but with a higher protein content. Observations on the effect of weight reduction and metabolic modification are inconsistent. The possible multi-directional negative health effects seem to be a strong argument against recommending this approach.

Conclusion: The basis of any reduction diet must be a reduced energy supply. This can be achieved in a variety of ways, which are designed to facilitate its implementation by patients, as well as to have the most beneficial effect on their impaired metabolism. Diversions from the traditional approach may have beneficial effects, but may also contribute to other health problems. It is important to consider the patients' health status as a whole, and to ensure specialist follow-up when using described special diets, because of possible side effects and difficulties in properly balancing the diet. They can only be recommended in specific cases. The standard in the management of excessive body weight remains the traditional approach, the effects of which are well documented and do not represent risk factors for other conditions.
SARAH E. FARRO’S TRUE LOVE (1891): PLAGIARIST RECONFIGURATIONS OF ELLEN WOOD’S THE SHADOW OF ASHLYDYAT (1863)
Authors: MANUEL CUENCA CARME
Published: March 2022

In 1891 Sarah E. Farro was hailed as “the first negro novelist” with the publication of her novel True Love, a story featuring white English characters set in England. Scholars have believed that Farro’s text was ignored because it features no black characters and does not deal with racial issues. In contrast to these opinions, I contend that True Love is an unacknowledged but meticulous reworking of The Shadow of Ashlydyat (1863), the celebrated Victorian sensation novel by Ellen Wood. Farro’s plagiarism together with her deployment of a raceless plot far from being an aberration is an act freighted with a titanic self-affirmation and literary ambition that may have ultimately condemned her to literary ostracism.
Jak psuć dzieci Platonem i Boecjuszem: Nauczanie filozofii klasycznej w szkole podstawowej: metoda, program edukacyjny i 99 scenariuszy zajęć z materiałami
Authors: Meijden Jadwiga Guerrero van der
Published: March 2022

HOW TO CORRUPT CHILDREN WITH PLATO AND BOETHIUS. CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY FOR CHILDREN. A METHOD WITH TEXTS, EXERCISES AND 99 LESSON PLANS The book How to Corrupt Children with Plato and Boethius. Classical Philosophy for Children. A Method with Texts, Exercises and 99 Lesson Plans discusses Philosophy for Children (P4C) and proposes a novel method of teaching philosophy in primary schools, called Classical Philosophy for Children (CP4C). The method was accepted, implemented, and is being taught in a school in Cracow. A theoretical part of the book is accompanied by 99 lesson plans supplemented with study materials.
Pengembangan Digitalisasi Industri Jasa Laundry dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Pangsa Pasar pada UKM 3cious
Authors: Suryani Erma , Hendrawan Rully Agus , Limanto Benyamin , Wafda Fatharani , Auliyah Inayah
Published: March 2022

Perkembangan UMKM di Indonesia dewasa ini semakin marak dan pada akhir tahun 2020 telah mencapai 64.2 juta unit. Perkembangan UMKM ini juga diiringi dengan berjalan nya transformasi digital melalui platform e-commerce, media sosial, dan kanal digital lain nya. Transformasi digital ini dialami oleh berbagai UMKM di Indonesia, tetapi transformasi ini tidak maksimal. Salah satu UMKM tersebut adalah UMKM 3cious. UMKM yang bergerak di jasa laundry sepatu ini beroperasi di Surabaya. UMKM ini telah memanfaatkan transformasi digital ini untuk meningkatkan pangsa pasar mereka, tetapi masih mengalami kendala di dalam penerapan nya. Penerapan transformasi digital memanfaatkan sosial media tidak dilakukan secara maksimal sehingga target pasar yang dituju tidak berkembang. Permasalahan ini perlu ditangani agar tidak mengganggu kelangsungan hidup dari UMKM itu sendiri. UMKM 3cious bersedia untuk menjadi studi kasus di dalam penelitian untuk menemukan serta memperbaiki permasalahan yang dihadapi. Teknik penelitian ini memanfaatkan metode Sistem Dinamik dengan mencari identifikasi dan faktor yang mempengaruhi pangsa pasar dan meningkatkan penjualan yang berakibat meningkatkan profit, serta mengembangkan model serta yang sesuai dengan tujuan dari UMKM 3cious sendiri. Model yang dikembangkan dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan pangsa pasar dari UMKM ini, dan dapat digunakan sebagai rumusan strategi jangka panjang yang berfokus pada peningkatan pangsa pasar dan penjualan.
Rancang Bangun Lemari Disinfektan APD Berbasis UV-C untuk Puskesmas
Authors: Budianto Caesario Ari , Setio Ardianto Okta Putra , Wardhana Mahendra , Kristianto Thomas Ari , Rucitra Anggra Ayu , Alfadhila Ailsashofa , Pawestri Zahra Ayudhia
Published: March 2022

Pandemi COVID19 yang disebabkan oleh virus corona jenis baru menjadi tantangan berat bagi pemenuhan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) poin ketiga yaitu mewujudkan kehidupan sehat dan sejahatera. Pandemi telah menghantam seluruh dunia, tak terkecuali Indonesia yang pada pertengahan tahun 2021 telah mencapai gelombang kedua yang memberikan tekanan luar biasa pada sistem kesehatan. Karena disebabkan virus baru yang terus bermutasi sehingga membuat kolaborasi berbagai disiplin ilmu dan teknologi oleh masyarakat dunia untuk melawan COVID-19 menjadi mendesak dan penting untuk dilakukan. Pada tulisan ini dibahas program pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa upaya penanggulangan penyebaran pandemi dengan pengembangan rancang bangun lemari desinfeksi berbasis UVC yang digunakan untuk mensterilkan Alat Perlindungan Diri (APD) untuk tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas. Metode yang digunakan dalam rangkaian kegiatan rancang bangun adalah design thinking yang mengembangkan rancangan dari ide hingga evalasi purwarupa yang telah dibuat serta digunakan pada puskesmas mitra. Dari serangkaian kegiatan pengembangan lemari desinfeksi didapat desain dan purwarupa yang telah digunakan oleh naracoba. Evaluasi desain diambil dari pengamatan dan data dari naracoba sehingga menghasilkan masukan pengembangan di masa depan terkait faktor usability, functionality, solvabilty dan design elements.
Pendampingan Pengurusan Ijin Edar dan Sertifikasi Halal Produk Usaha Mikro dan Kecil
Authors: Ahmadiyah Adhatus Solichah , Sarno Riyanarto , Anggraini Ratih Nur Esti , Ariyani Nurul Fajrin , Munif Abdul , Hidayati Shintami Chusnul
Published: March 2022

Ijin edar dan sertifikasi halal merupakan jaminan kualitas produk mitra Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (UKM). Kurangnya informasi, pembinaan, dan stigma kerumitan proses pemenuhan standar pangan dan sertifikasi halal dialami kebanyakan mitra UKM. Strategi pengabdian masyarakat yang telah kami lakukan berupa pelatihan kelas halal, pendampingan pembuatan nomor induk berusaha, pendampingan melengkapi syarat pengajuan ijin Produk-Industri Rumah Tangga (P-IRT), dan pendampingan pengajuan sertifikasi halal. Mitra yang kami libatkan berjumlah 13 mitra yang menjual produknya di kantin kampus Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) dan pengusaha di sekitar Surabaya. Hasil dari kegiatan ini berupa produk Nomor Ijin Berusaha (NIB), QR code binaan Pusat Kajian Halal ITS, dan dokumen pengurusan sertifikasi halal.
Small animal Review
Authors: Gough Alex
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Computed tomography is an advanced imaging modality, giving detailed three-dimensional images with good differentiation between tissue densities, useful for orthopaedic and soft tissue imaging. The use of contrast improves its accuracy when imaging soft tissues and allows angiography. Computed tomography has become much more widely available in practice in the UK in recent years, with most referral centres and some larger primary practices now boasting their own facilities, often used by other practices when referring cases for outpatient scans. Studies regarding the use of computed tomography are thus becoming more relevant to the general practitioner as well as the referral clinician, and this month's Small Animal Review presents three studies on its use in different conditions.
Metabolic Aspects of Five Commonly Used Non-Insulin Anti-Hyperglycemic Medications in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rizvi Ali A.
Published: March 2022

Type 2 diabetes is a growing public health challenge while carrying a significant health burden for the patient suffering from it. The worldwide prevalence of diabetes in 2019 was estimated to be 9.3%. Fortunately, a number of drug classes are now available for the medical management of hyperglycemia in this disorder. Metformin and the sulfonylureas are time-tested medications that are effective and inexpensive as first-line medications. The incretin-based therapies, namely the glucagon-like peptide-1 agents and the dipeptyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, offer novel mechanisms of gut hormone and appetite modulation. The former combine weight loss and cardiovascular benefit with glycemic control. The sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have a unique glycosuric action that lowers glucose while being of value in congestive heart failure. Almost all these classes of antihyperglcyemic agents can be used in various combinations with one another as well as with different insulin regimens. This article shows the chemical structures and summarizes the mechanistic and therapeutic aspects of the five main classes of noninsulin glucose-lowering medications approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Analysis of Mathematics Lesson Planning Framed by the Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Authors: Moh’d Salma Saleh , Uwamahoro Jean , Orodho John Aluko
Published: March 2022

Lesson planning is considered to be an important and efficient tool for effective teaching and learning process. Preparations of effective lesson plan requires teachers to be competent in the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). This study investigated how the mathematics teachers’ PCK impact their competences on designing effective lesson plans. Twelve in-service mathematics teachers from public secondary schools in Unguja-Island (Zanzibar) of Tanzania were involved. The data were collected using the reviewing of the teachers’ mathematics lesson plan documents and teachers’ interview. The data were analyzed in both quantitative and qualitative mode based on the lesson plan framework guideline (LPFG) and the criteria for better planning of the sections jointly with PCK abilities indicators. The percentage average of occurrence of the sections in the teachers’ designed lesson plan (DLP) and the percentage of occurrence of different category within the sections of the DLP in relation to the criteria were determined. Also, the challenges faced by the teachers in their DLP were identified. The result of the analysis revealed that the PCK competences of mathematics teachers are not good enough to impact their DLP, as some of their designing lesson plan sections were occurred inconsistently. Also, the implementation of PCK competences for effective mathematics teaching found to be at developing stage, as some criteria related to it were not clearly observed in their DLP. The study recommends the demand of in-service training for mathematics teachers on the implementation of teachers’ competences particularly PCK in the lesson plan designing for effective classroom practices.
Application of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Analysis and Detection of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Plants
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Wei , Yang Yu , Huang Min , Guo Ya , Zhu Qibing
Published: March 2022

Highlights

Eight JIP-test parameters most relevant to tomato bacterial wilt were identified.

A novel model was developed for detection of tomato bacterial wilt.

The overall detection accuracy of the developed model was 88.42%.

Abstract. Bacterial wilt seriously threatens global tomato yield. Timely and accurately identification of plants infected with bacterial wilt is crucial to the implementation of disease management practices, but such detection methods are lacking. In this study, chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) was used in the analysis and detection of tomato bacterial wilt. ChlF induction curves were collected from the leaves of control and infected plants after different days-post-inoculation (DPI), and eight JIP-test parameters most relevant to tomato bacterial wilt were selected from 22 JIP-test parameters through statistical analysis. A novel detection model, multidimensional multiclass genetic programming with multidimensional populations extreme learning machine (M3GP-ELM), was developed to identify tomato plants infected with bacterial wilt based on the selected JIP-test parameters. The M3GP-ELM model used a genetic programming algorithm to perform linear and/or non-linear transformations on the selected eight variables and then used the classification accuracy of ELM as a fitness function to evaluate the performance of the transformed variables. The results of the experiment indicated that the differences in the ChlF induction curves and the eight selected JIP-test parameters between the infected group and the control group became more obvious with increased time after inoculation. Compared with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine (SVM), and ELM, the M3GP-ELM model achieved the best detection performance with an overall accuracy of 88.42% and an accuracy of 82.83% at the early stage (1 to 5 DPI). Therefore, ChlF technology combined with M3GP-ELM has the potential to detect tomato bacterial wilt. Keywords: Chlorophyll a fluorescence, Extreme learning machine, Genetic programming, Tomato bacterial wilt.
Optimized Gaussian Pulse Design for UWB System Using Particle Swarm Optimization Based-on Generalized Bessel Polynomials
Authors: Chutchavong Vanvisa , Anuwongpinit Thanavit , Purahong Boonchana , Archevapanich Tuanjai , Janchitrapongvej Kanok
Published: March 2022

The ultrawideband system operates a very short pulse with enormous bandwidth to provide high data rates for data transmission. To design the UWB pulse, considering the pulse shape is very necessary, and a spectral emission mask of the designed pulse should meet the FCC spectral mask requirement between frequency range 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. The traditional UWB pulse design is based on the Gaussian derivative. However, the frequency spectrum is not satisfied the FCC spectral mask requirement. In this study, the Gaussian pulse can be designed from the mathematical characteristic of the generalized Bessel polynomial. The spectral efficiency of the proposed pulse can be improved by the combination of the derivative of Gaussian pulse with a weight coefficient optimization with particle swarm optimization (PSO). PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm inspired by animal behavior. PSO is applied with generalized Bessel polynomial transfer function to gain the best weight coefficient, we proposed to optimize its weight vector to design a pulse that exceeds to FCC spectral mask. The results were found in MATLAB software show that generalized Bessel polynomials can approximate the proposed pulse with combination method and PSO. The spectral efficiency is improved to 89.30% and the spectrum is greater close to the FCC spectral mask requirement. To confirm an improved spectral efficiency compared to the previous works.
A Study of Profanity Effect in Sentiment Analysis on Natural Language Processing Using ANN
Authors: Kim Cheong-Ghil , Hwang Young-Jun , Kamyod Chayapol
Published: March 2022

The development of wireless communication technology and mobile devices has brought about the advent of an era of sharing text data that overflows on social media and the web. In particular, social media has become a major source of storing people’s sentiments in the form of opinions and views on specific issues in the form of unstructured information. Therefore, the importance of emotion analysis is increasing, especially with machine learning for both personal life and companies’ management environments. At this time, data reliability is an essential component for data classification. The accuracy of sentiment classification can be heavily determined according to the reliability of data, in which case noise data may also influence this classification. Although there is stopword that does not have meaning in such noise data, data that does not fit the purpose of analysis can also be referred to as noise data. This paper aims to provide an analysis of the impact of profanity data on deep learning-based sentiment classification. For this purpose, we used movie review data on the Web and simulated the changes in performance before and after the removal of the profanity data. The accuracy of the model trained with the data and the model trained with the data before removal were compared to determine whether the profanity is noise data that lowers the accuracy in sentiment analysis. The simulation results show that the accuracy dropped by about 2% when judging profanity as noise data in the sentiment classification for review data.
COVID-19 and precarious housing: paying guest accommodation in a metropolitan Indian city
Authors: Marella Sai Rama Raju , Priya Krishna , Vincia D’Souza Pooja
Published: March 2022

Paying guest accommodations are an informal, yet organically organised, segment of the rental housing market in India. Offering inexpensive housing, paying guest accommodations mainly cater to young adults who migrate to cities, primarily for education or employment. However, this affordability and viability often comes at the cost of decent living conditions. The COVID-19-induced lockdown has exacerbated the precariousness of such accommodation at a time when adequate housing can play a pivotal role in mitigating the spread of infection. Based on qualitative research conducted in Bengaluru, India, this article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tenant well-being and the shifting relationship between tenants and operators in paying guest accommodations. The analysis of narratives collected from the tenants and operators of paying guest accommodations reveals the following: first, in addition to the closures of paying guest accommodations and evictions of tenants, the lockdown led to a deterioration in the overall living conditions in these accommodations; second, in many cases, tenants had to compromise on adequacy and safety for affordability and viability, which exacerbated the negative effects on their well-being; third, the operators of paying guest accommodations faced severe economic and psychological stress during the lockdown, partly as a result of being invisible to policy; and, fourth, the relationships between the tenants operators of paying guest accommodations – a key factor shaping the overall experience of living in a paying guest accommodation – took a largely negative turn during the pandemic. This article brings to light an under-studied but important form of affordable rental housing, and serves as a much-needed starting point for future research.
The ‘hardship’ of ordinary crises: gendered precariousness and horizons of coping in Vietnam’s industrial zones
Authors: Rydstrom Helle
Published: March 2022

This article explores crisis as social dynamics spurred by events that not only disrupt the normal order of things, but also transmute into crisis processes that generate persisting hardship and problems of the ordinary. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the industrial zones of Northern Vietnam, the article highlights the ways in which women workers manage crisis as an underlying condition of daily life. Capturing the heterogeneity and volatility of crisis means to unravel the modalities, intensities and temporalities by which a specific crisis is composed, and to identify how it interlocks with socio-economic crisis antecedents, such as gender and class. While crisis takes different shapes and undergoes various phases, a crisis tends to entangle itself with already-existing crises, fuelling or even exacerbating those, while fostering crises entanglements that impose difficulties and harm upon lifeworlds. The differentiated ways in which particular social groups can mitigate crisis challenges and build social resilience depend on ‘horizons of coping’, which inform the scales and impacts of crises entanglements. Thus, crisis studies direct our attention towards human precariousness and societal inequalities, as well as the ways in which crises entanglements are counteracted, closed, navigated or endured in specific ethnographic contexts.
Women in the gig economy: feminising ‘digital labour’
Authors: James Al
Published: March 2022

This article explores the gendered dynamics of labouring on digital labour platforms and gives voice to women gig workers. Millions of women worldwide find work through digital labour platforms, yet remain largely invisible within the expansive digital labour research agenda. The analysis is built from original interviews with 49 women in the UK using a range of popular remote crowdwork platforms (including PeoplePerHour, Upwork, TaskRabbit, Freelancer) to access desk-based, white-collar gig work from home. The article makes three original contributions. First, it widens the analytical focus of the digital labour research agenda to recognise the role of workers’ gender identities and uneven household gender divisions of care in shaping the operation and outcomes of digital labour platforms, in ways that remain ‘hidden in the cloud’. Second, in contrast to widespread celebratory claims that platforms disrupt stubborn gender labour market inequalities, the analysis identifies significant gendered constraints on women’s algorithmic visibilities and abilities to compete for gig work online, alongside multiple health and safety issues among women gig workers undocumented in previous research. Third, in response to these new insights, and based on calls from women gig workers themselves, it sets out a series of new directions for extending this urgent multidisciplinary research agenda.
Accurate mechanical–optical theoretical model of cross-axis sensitivity of an interferometric micro-optomechanical accelerometer
Authors: Fang Weidong , Zhu Qixuan , Bai Jian , Chen Jiaxiao , Xv Xiang , Wang Chen , Lu Qianbo
Published: March 2022

An interferometric micro-optomechanical accelerometer usually has ultrahigh sensitivity and accuracy. However, cross-axis interference inevitably degrades the performance, including its detection accuracy and output signal contrast. To accurately clarify the influence of cross-axis interference, a modified mechanical–optical theoretical model is established. The rotation of the proof mass and the detected light intensity are quantitatively investigated with a load of cross-axis acceleration. A simulation and experiment are performed to verify the correctness of the theoretical model when the cross-axis acceleration is from 0 to 0.175 g. The results demonstrate that this model has a more than fivefold accuracy increase compared with conventional theoretical models when the cross-axis acceleration is from 0.06 to 0.175 g. In addition, we provide a suppression method to diminish the rotation of the proof mass based on squeeze film air damping, which significantly suppresses the contrast reduction caused by cross-axis interference.
Planar polishing process method based on real-time dressing of a polishing pad surface
Authors: Zhao Lingyu , Zhao Huiying , Wang Hairong , Zhang Mingjie , Xie Ruiqing , Zhang Mingzhuang
Published: March 2022

Planar polishing is an important manufacturing process for high-precision planar components. In this study, a real-time dresser and a planar polishing process based on real-time dressing for large-aperture optical plane components were developed. Efficient dressing of a polishing pad surface can be achieved with the real-time dresser. Compared with the conventional method, real-time correction for the surface shape of the polishing pad was realized via the temperature parameter

t

in the real-time dresser, and this parameter can be optimized through optimization experiments. Finally, a series of experiments was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the real-time dresser on surface dressing. Through the real-time dressing of the polishing pad surface, the flatness peak–valley deviation and the root-mean-square deviation of the flat optical element surface (

430

×

430

m
m

) can reach

3

λ

and

0.9

λ

, which is improved by 25% and 33%, respectively.
Machine-learning reinforcement for optimizing multilayered thin films: applications in designing broadband antireflection coatings
Authors: Tran Vinh The , Mai Huy Van , Nguyen Hue Minh , Duong Dung Chi , Vu Viet Hoang , Hoang Nghia Nhan , Nguyen Minh Van , Mai Tuan Anh , Tong Hien Duy , Nguyen Hung Quoc , Nguyen Quang , Nguyen-Tran Thuat
Published: March 2022

The design and fabrication of nanoscale multilayered thin films play an essential role in regulating the operation efficiency of sensitive optical sensors and filters. In this paper, we introduce a packaged tool that employs flexible electromagnetic calculation software with machine learning in order to find the optimized double-band antireflection coatings in intervals of wavelength from 3 to 5 µm and 8 to 12 µm. Instead of computing or modeling an extremely enormous set of thin film structures, this tool enhanced with machine learning can swiftly predict the optical properties of a given structure with

>
99.7
%

accuracy and a substantial reduction in computation costs. Furthermore, the tool includes two learning methods that can infer a global optimal structure or suitable local optimal ones. Specifically, these well-trained models provide the highest accurate double-band average transmission coefficient combined with the lowest number of layers or the thinnest total thickness starting from a reference multilayered structure. Finally, the more sophisticated enhancement method, called the double deep Q-learning network, exhibited the best performance in finding optimal antireflective multilayered structures with the highest double-band average transmission coefficient of about 98.95%.
Defocus generation method for measuring the thickness of surface-hardened layers by a laser ultrasonic technique
Authors: Lee Yong , Kitazawa So
Published: March 2022

We developed a noncontact inspection method for measuring the thickness of surface-hardened layers using a laser ultrasonic technique in which a laser beam for generating ultrasonic surface waves was defocused on a specimen. Our method was based on the dependence of the ultrasonic surface-wave velocity on the thickness of the hardened layers. In the measurement, it is essential to generate a surface wave with a wavelength comparable to the hardened-layer thickness. It is known that the wavelength of the laser-generated surface wave depends on the beam diameter of the generation laser. We applied this control method of the wavelength of the surface wave (i.e., the defocus generation method) for measuring the hardened-layer thickness with higher accuracy and found that the results were in good agreement with the calculation.
Elliptically polarized sum-frequency generation by total-internal-reflection-based optical rotation quasi-phase-matching technique
Authors: Saha Moumita , Deb Sumita
Published: March 2022

This work demonstrates the elliptically polarized radiation of sum-frequency generation by the total-internal-reflection-based optical rotation quasi-phase-matching technique that allows polarization rotation in the presence of an external electric field across a rectangular-shaped,

Y

2

O

3

-coated, MgO-doped

L
i
N
b

O

3

crystal. This thin film is employed to control the phase shifts generated by

p

- and

s

-polarized light propagation at each bounce point of the slab–film interface. The computer-aided simulation yielded a high conversion efficiency of 7.5%/W/cm, reflecting the combined field impact of the optical rotation quasi-phase-matching and fractional quasi-phase-matching approaches. Moreover, the conversion yielding limiting factors such as absorption, surface roughness, and the interference effect of the nonlinear law of reflection have also been included to simulate the generation of a 770 nm wavelength. A comparative assessment of the generated linearly and elliptically polarized radiations has also been addressed.
Quantitative measurement of a landed soap bubble during its drainage
Authors: Yi Zhengming , Ding Weijiang , Lv Wei
Published: March 2022

The drainage process of a landed soap bubble has been studied using the large lateral shearing displacement interferometry. The film thickness in height and time can be quantitatively measured with a standard deviation about 0.04 µm. In the drainage process, the maximum film thickness is 4.78 µm, the maximum film volume is

5.52

m
m

3

, the maximum volume flow is

0.234

m
m

3

/

s

, and the maximum drainage flow rate is about 1.27 mm/s. Once the drained zone occurs, the drainage flow rate becomes about twice as before. The simulative fringe patterns based on the measurement results are in good agreement with the experimental ones in most areas.
Optimal path selection algorithm for UAV formation
guided by a UV virtual fence
Authors: Zhao Taifei , Zhang Gang , Liang Hao , Rong Kaixin
Published: March 2022

This paper studies the optimal flight path selection problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formations in multi-obstacle areas. According to the characteristics of wireless ultraviolet (UV) light communication conforming to the probability coverage model, a wireless UV light self-organizing network coverage model is proposed; the UV light of different wavelengths is divided into a detection area, communication area, and early warning area. A consensus algorithm with leaders and followers is designed, and an artificial potential field method is introduced to ensure that the UAV formation successfully avoids obstacles. Simulation results show that the UAV formation can choose a reasonable flight route under the improved algorithm, and the average obstacle avoidance time is reduced by 6.75 s compared with the original algorithm. Comparing the flight paths of formations in barrier-free and multi-obstacle environments, the obstacle avoidance range of UAVs is not more than 1 m. The UV light self-organizing coverage model can be applied to military communications and disaster relief.
Method of calculation of initial design parameters of microscope objective lenses with a long working distance
Authors: Mikš Antonín , Novák Jiří
Published: March 2022

We describe an analytic method of the initial design of microscope objectives with a long working distance. The optical system of a microscope objective is composed of two thin optical elements and a frontal optical element from several thick lenses. The paper describes formulas that make it possible to calculate fundamental parameters of the objective, namely Seidel aberration coefficients, radii of curvature, refractive indices of individual lenses of the microscope objective, etc. The proposed method of calculation of the initial design parameters of the microscope objective, which is based on the theory of aberrations of the third order and chromatic aberrations of the first order, enables us to obtain a good starting design for further optimization using optical design software. The method of the design is presented in an example of the microscope objective with a long working distance.
Noise effect on 2D photoluminescence decay analysis using the RATS method in a single-pixel camera configuration
Authors: Junek Jiří , Žídek Karel
Published: March 2022

Using a random temporal signal for sample excitation (RATS method) is a new, capable approach to measuring photoluminescence (PL) dynamics. The method can be used in single-point measurement (0D), but also it can be converted to PL decay imaging (2D) using a single-pixel camera configuration. In both cases, the reconstruction of the PL decay and PL snapshot is affected by ubiquitous noise. This article provides a detailed analysis of the noise effect on the RATS method and possible strategies for its suppression. We carried out an extensive set of simulations focusing on the effect of noise introduced through the random excitation signal and the corresponding PL waveform. We show that the PL signal noise level is critical for the method. Furthermore, we analyze the role of acquisition time, where we demonstrate the need for a non-periodic excitation signal. We show that it is beneficial to increase the acquisition time and that increasing the number of measurements in the single-pixel camera configuration has a minimal effect above a certain threshold. Finally, we study the effect of a regularization parameter used in the deconvolution step, and we observe that there is an optimum value set by the noise present in the PL dataset. Our results provide a guideline for optimization of the RATS measurement, but we also study effects generally occurring in PL decay measurements methods relying on the deconvolution step.
Tuning symmetry-protected quasi bound state in the continuum using terahertz meta-atoms of rotational and reflectional symmetry
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhao Zhenyu , Du Mingjie , Qin Hua , Ako Rajour Tanyi , Sriram Sharath
Published: March 2022

Conventionally, a symmetry-protected quasi bound state of the continuum (BIC) becomes achievable by breaking the C2 symmetry of meta-atoms. Our work exhibits a novel approach to achieving dual band quasi-BIC by breaking the C2v symmetry into Cs symmetry. Also, we show that a single band quasi-BIC can be achieved by breaking the C2v symmetry into C2 symmetry. Our metasurface of C2v symmetry is composed of double gaps split ring resonator (DSRR), and it degrades to C2 symmetry when the double gaps are displaced in opposite directions. One band quasi-BIC can be observed occurring at around 0.36 and 0.61 THz respectively with the metasurface excited by x- and y-polarized terahertz radiation, respectively. A couple of dark dipole oscillator dominates the quasi-BIC at 0.36 THz, while a quadruple-like oscillator dominates the quasi-BIC at 0.61 THz. The damping ratio and coupling coefficients of the above single quasi-BIC are close to the orthogonal polarization of the incident terahertz wave. However, the metasurface of the DSRR array degrades down to Cs symmetry when the double gaps are displaced in the same directions. A dual band quasi-BIC (0.23 THz and 0.62 THz) is found to be sensitive to the y-polarized terahertz radiation. It is found that the inductive-capacitive (LC) resonance results in quasi-BIC at 0.23 THz, while a quadrupole-like oscillation results in quasi-BIC at 0.62 THz. The quasi-BIC at 0.62 THz has a higher coupling coefficient and lower damping ratio than quasi-BIC at 0.23 THz in a metasurface of Cs symmetry. The realization of the above locally symmetric breaking on the quasi-BIC of terahertz metasurfaces is helpful for the innovation of multi-band terahertz biosensors.
Macroscopic effects in high-order harmonic generation – a focal-averaging method based on the integral solution of the wave equation
Authors: Milošević Dejan B.
Published: March 2022

A macroscopic theory of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) is presented, which applies a focal-averaging method based on the integral solution of the wave equation. The macroscopic high-harmonic yield is the coherent superposition of the single-atom contributions of all atoms of the generating medium, which are positioned at different spatial points of the laser focus and exposed to the space-time-dependent laser pulse. The HHG spectrum obtained in our macroscopic simulations is qualitatively different from the one obtained using the microscopic or single-atom theory of HHG. Coherent intensity focal averaging, the simpler and more approximate of two methods we introduced, gives the spectrum which forms a declining plateau with the same cutoff position as that of the microscopic spectrum. The second, more precise method, which we call coherent spatio-temporal focal averaging, shows that it is possible, changing the macroscopic conditions, to obtain an observable peak in the harmonic spectrum at an energy much lower than the microscopic cutoff energy. Generally, the high-harmonic yield appears to be dominated by the contributions of laser-pulse spatio-temporal regions with lower intensities as well as by interference, so that the high-energy plateau and its sharp cutoff are quenched in the theoretical simulation and, presumably, in the experiment. The height and position of this peak strongly depend on the macroscopic conditions. We confirmed these findings by applying our macroscopic theory to simulate two recent experiments with mid-infrared laser fields, one with a linearly polarized field and the other one with a bicircular field.
Mid-infrared femtosecond laser-induced damage in TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 fluorotellurite glass
Authors: Yao Yan , Yang Fan , Dai Shixun , Zhang Peiqing , Liu Zijun , Qin Guanshi , JIa Zhixu
Published: March 2022

Fluorotellurite glasses based on TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3(TBY) with a broadband transmission window of 350–6000 nm, relatively low phonon energy, stable chemical and physical characteristics compared to fluoride glasses have been investigated to develop high-powered mid-infrared (MIR) fiber lasers. In this work, a series of xTeO2-(90-x)BaF2−10Y2O3 (TBYx) (x = 60,65,70,75 mol%) fluorotellurite glasses were prepared with the conventional melting-quenching method in an argon glove box. Then, laser damage characteristics of glass samples under 3000 and 4000 nm MIR femtosecond laser with different pulses was compared and studied. The TBY60 glass has the highest damage threshold, which reaches 1.08 J/cm2 and 0.852 J/cm2 at 4000 nm and 3000 nm, respectively. The femtosecond laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of TBY glasses decreased from 1.08 to 0.782 J/cm2 as TeO2 content increased from 60 to 75 mol% at the wavelength of 4000 nm. In addition, the effect of pulse numbers is consistent with exponential defect accumulation model.
Single-pixel imaging with heralded single photons
Authors: Johnson Steven , McMillan Alex , Torre Cyril , Frick Stefan , Rarity John , Padgett Miles
Published: March 2022

Traditional remote sensing applications are often based on pulsed laser illumination with a narrow linewidth and characteristic repetition rate, which are not conducive to covert operation. Whatever methods are employed for covert sensing, a key requirement is for the probe light to be indistinguishable from background illumination. We present a method to perform single-pixel imaging that suppresses the effect of background light and hence improves the signal-to-noise ratio by using correlated photon-pairs produced via spontaneous parametric down conversion. One of the photons in the pair is used to illuminate the object whilst the other acts as a temporal reference, allowing the signal photons to be distinguished from background noise. Understanding the noise regime is key to producing higher contrast images using this heralding method.
Direct time-of-flight distributed analysis of nonlinear forward scattering
Authors: Sharma Kavita , Zehavi Elad , Diamandi H. Hagai , Bashan Gil , London Yosef , Zadok Avi
Published: March 2022

Scattering is among the most common and widely employed optical
phenomena. The spatially resolved analysis of scattering contributions
supports distributed sensing of quantities of interest. While optical
backscatter events are readily mapped using time-of-flight
considerations, the distributed analysis of forward scattering
represents a fundamental and long-standing challenge. Interest in
distributed analysis of forward scattering has reawakened in recent
years, toward optical fiber sensors based on forward-stimulated
Brillouin scattering. Existing protocols for distributed analysis of
forward Brillouin scattering rely on secondary backscattering
mechanisms and mandate the noise-prone differentiation of collected
data with respect to position. Here we report on the direct,
distributed analysis of forward scattering. The combined contributions
of forward-stimulated Brillouin scattering and Kerr effect four-wave
mixing are resolved with respect to position along
polarization-maintaining fibers. The concept is based on the
characteristics of intermodal scattering in such fibers: Forward
scattering is initiated by a pair of orthogonally polarized and
copropagating pump waves and observed through the nonlinear
polarization switching of a counterpropagating probe. Measurements
distinguish between dissimilar fibers connected in series, and between
air and water outside a polyimide-coated fiber section in a specific
location. The measurement range was 1.1 km. The spatial resolution
currently achieved is estimated as 60 m, limited by the lifetimes of
forward Brillouin scattering. The results provide preliminary proof of
concept for distributed forward Brillouin fiber sensors that do not
require the differentiation of data.
Reconstruction of a generic genome-scale metabolic network for chicken: Investigating network connectivity and finding potential biomarkers
Authors: Salehabadi Ehsan , Motamedian Ehsan , Shojaosadati Seyed Abbas
Published: March 2022

Chicken is the first sequenced avian that has a crucial role in human life for its meat and egg production. Because of various metabolic disorders, study the metabolism of chicken cell is important. Herein, the first genome-scale metabolic model of a chicken cell named iES1300, consists of 2427 reactions, 2569 metabolites, and 1300 genes, was reconstructed manually based on KEGG, BiGG, CHEBI, UNIPROT, REACTOME, and MetaNetX databases. Interactions of metabolic genes for growth were examined forE.coli,S.cerevisiae, human, and chicken metabolic models. The results indicated robustness to genetic manipulation for iES1300 similar to the results for human. iES1300 was integrated with transcriptomics data using algorithms and Principal Component Analysis was applied to compare context-specific models of the normal, tumor, lean and fat cell lines. It was found that the normal model has notable metabolic flexibility in the utilization of various metabolic pathways, especially in metabolic pathways of the carbohydrate metabolism, compared to the others. It was also concluded that the fat and tumor models have similar growth metabolisms and the lean chicken model has a more active lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
Sustained chemogenetic activation of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons promotes dopaminergic neuron survival in synucleinopathy
Authors: Jovanovic Predrag , Wang Yidan , Vit Jean-Philippe , Novinbakht Edward , Morones Nancy , Hogg Elliot , Tagliati Michele , Riera Celine E.
Published: March 2022

Dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the midbrain plays a pivotal role in motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease. However, non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and post-mortem histopathology confirm dysfunction in other brain areas, including the locus coeruleus and its associated neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Here, we investigate the role of central norepinephrine-producing neurons in Parkinson’s disease by chronically stimulating catecholaminergic neurons in the locus coeruleus using chemogenetic manipulation. We show that norepinephrine neurons send complex axonal projections to the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, confirming physical communication between these regions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that increased activity of norepinephrine neurons is protective against dopaminergic neuronal depletion in human α-syn A53T missense mutation over-expressing mice and prevents motor dysfunction in these mice. Remarkably, elevated norepinephrine neurons action fails to alleviate α-synuclein aggregation and microgliosis in the substantia nigra suggesting the presence of an alternate neuroprotective mechanism. The beneficial effects of high norepinephrine neuron activity might be attributed to the action of norepinephrine on dopaminergic neurons, as recombinant norepinephrine treatment increased primary dopaminergic neuron cultures survival and neurite sprouting. Collectively, our results suggest a neuroprotective mechanism where noradrenergic neurons activity preserves the integrity of dopaminergic neurons, which prevents synucleinopathy-dependent loss of these cells.
Gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention in Tasmanian women: The Baby-bod Study
Authors: Jayasinghe Sisitha , Herath Manoja P. , Beckett Jeffrey M. , Ahuja Kiran D. K. , Street Steven J. , Byrne Nuala M. , Hills Andrew P.
Published: March 2022

Many factors can negatively impact perinatal outcomes, including inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG). Despite having the greatest potential to influence maternal and infant health, there is a lack of consensus regarding the GWG consistent with a healthy pregnancy. To date, GWG in Northern Tasmania remains understudied. We investigated how maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is related to weight gain during pregnancy and weight retention post-partum, and how maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is related to the mode of delivery. Approximately 300 Tasmanian mothers (n = 291 for mode of delivery and n = 282 for GWG) were included in this study. Analysis of variance and chi square tests were conducted to assess differences in BW of mothers across BMI categories and differences between categorical variables; respectively. Based on pre-pregnancy BMI, mothers were assigned to one of three groups, with healthy weight (<25 kg m-2), with overweight (25–29.9 kg m-2), or with obesity (>30 kg m-2). Pre-pregnancy BMI and body weight (BW) were significantly associated (p<0.001) with post-partum BW at 3 and 6 months. Only 25% of mothers with a normal weight BMI, 34% with overweight and 13% with obesity, achieved the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation for GWG. Interestingly, a number of women in our cohort lost weight during gestation (1.5, 9 and 37% in <25, 25–29.9 and >30 kg m-2 groups, respectively). Further, women with obesity showed the lowest level of BW fluctuation and retained less weight post-partum. The highest number of caesarean sections were observed in mothers who exceeded GWG recommendations. Most mothers either exceeded or failed to achieve IOM recommendations for GWG. To improve the generalisability of these findings, this study should be replicated in a larger representative sample of the Tasmanian maternal population.