bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMULATION MODELING AS AN OPTIMIZATION TOOL OF SMART SYSTEMS
Authors:   FSBIS Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ramazanov R.R.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the possibilities of applying simulation to solving problems of optimizing the environmental elements of a “smart city”. The concept of smart systems in urban studies has appeared relatively recently, however, an active discussion about the possibilities of its application is conducted not only among specialists. The growing interest in new technologies is demonstrated by business and administrations of large cities. The updating of the new technological agenda is based on a number of complex social and technological trends. First of all, we are talking about the final stage of transformation of industrial societies into information-type societies and the rapid development of telecommunication technologies, which created the conditions for the emergence of the Internet of things. Digitalization of infrastructure objects, elements of control and management of urban logistics in the future, most likely, will lead to the formation of fully automated supersystems, the functioning of which will determine the quality of life of urban residents. Already today, technological capabilities make it possible to commission some quasi-intelligent controls, however, the introduction of innovations requires a comprehensive, non-speculative analysis of all the possible consequences. The functioning of any automated system is based on a set of mathematical algorithms that determine its response to changes in environmental variables and the internal state. Closely connected with the problem of algorithmization is the problem of calibrating the connections of elements of smart systems, which can be practically impossible to solve with classical well-tested analytical methods due to the extreme complexity of some smart systems. Simulation modeling and agent-based approach in particular could become a tool for testing and optimizing integrated smart control systems. Simulation modeling allows for emulation experiments, determining the influence of various design options and calibration methods of smart systems being designed on their functional efficiency. The usefulness of agent modeling here lies in its focus on reproducing complex systems from the bottom up - from the actions of many elementary subjects to the global dynamics of the system. This property of the agent-based approach actualizes its application in the design of smart control systems for the urban environment, the dynamics and functioning of which is determined by the actions and interactions of many independent entities with opposite goals.
DINÂMICA DA REALIZAÇÃO DE AULAS PRÁTICAS NO CURSO SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA EM SEGURANÇA NO TRABALHO
Authors:   KROTON, VEDOVATTE RAFAEL MISAEL , VEDOVATTE VANESSA GERMANOVIX ,   UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE LONDRINA, TORRECILHAS ARTHUR RIBEIRO ,   KROTON, PIANUCCI MARCELA NAVARRO ,   KROTON
Published: January 2021

ESTE TRABALHO TEM COMO PRINCIPAL OBJETIVO DEMONSTRAR, POR MEIO DE RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA, A DINÂMICA DA REALIZAÇÃO DE AULAS PRÁTICAS NA MODALIDADE EAD, NO CURSO SUPERIOR DE TECNOLOGIA EM SEGURANÇA NO TRABALHO. A REALIZAÇÃO DESSA ATIVIDADE, DE ACORDO COM A METODOLOGIA UTILIZADA, DEIXA CLARO A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS AULAS PRÁTICAS PARA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DO ALUNO QUE REALIZA SEU CURSO NA MODALIDADE A DISTÂNCIA.
MOODLE: UM BOM PARCEIRO DA SEME DE BRUSQUE NAS FORMAÇÕES CONTINUADAS E NA APLICAÇÃO DA METODOLOGIA ATIVA SALA DE AULA INVERTIDA
Authors:   SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DE BRUSQUE, PEDROSO ROGÉRIO SANTOS , BUEMO ELIANI APARECIDA BUSNARDO ,   SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DE BRUSQUE
Published: January 2021

ESTE ARTIGO É UM RELATO DAS AÇÕES REALIZADAS PELA SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO (SEME) DE BRUSQUE, NO USO DO MOODLE COMO FERRAMENTA DE GESTÃO E MEDIAÇÃO DIDÁTICO-PEDAGÓGICA NAS FORMAÇÕES CONTINUADAS A DISTÂNCIA E NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO GRADUAL DA METODOLOGIA DE APRENDIZAGEM ATIVA NA MODALIDADE SALA DE AULA INVERTIDA NO COTIDIANO DOS PROFESSORES E ALUNOS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL. ESTAS AÇÕES VISAM INTRODUZIR E FORTALECER O DOMÍNIO DA “CULTURAL DIGITAL”, CONFORME EXIGE A BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR (BNCC), PARA OFERECER UM PROCESSO EDUCACIONAL DE EXCELÊNCIA AOS ESTUDANTES.
WEB SEMÂNTICA: UM DIÁLOGO COM A ONTOLOGIA, VIRTUALIDADE E OS PRINICÍPIOS DE UM PORTAL EDUCOMUNICATIVO SOCIOCONSTRUTIVISTA
Authors:   UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA, SOUZA AMILTON ALVES DE , MATTA ALFREDO ,   UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DA BAHIA, AMORIM ANTONIO ,   UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Published: January 2021

O REFERIDO TEXTO TEM COMO TÍTULO: “WEB SEMÂNTICA: UM DIÁLOGO COM A ONTOLOGIA, VIRTUALIDADE E OS PRINCÍPIOS DE UM PORTAL EDUCOMUNICATIVO SOCIOCONSTRUTIVISTA". E COMO OBJETIVO GERAL: APRESENTAR POR MEIO DE UM DIÁLOGO INICIAL E EM PROCESSO DE AMADURECIMENTO AS BASES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS DA TESE, NA TEMÁTICA WEB SEMÂNTICA E VIRTUALIDADE. E OS ESPECÍFICOS: IDENTIFICAR E DESTACAR A WEB SEMÂNTICA EPISTEMOLOGICAMENTE POR MEIO DE INTERFACES DA VIRTUALIDADE NA CONSTRUÇÃO COLABORATIVA NA PRODUÇÃO E DIFUSÃO DAS COMUNICAÇÕES; REFLETIR A RESPEITO DOS PRINCIPAIS PROCESSOS FUNDANTES NA COMPREENSÃO DA ONTOLOGIA, VIRTUALIDADE E OS PRINCÍPIOS DE UM PORTAL EDUCOMUNICATIVO SOCIOCONSTRUTIVISTA; IDENTIFICAR AUTORES QUE DISCUTEM WEB SEMÂNTICA E QUE DIALOGAM COM NOSSA PERSPECTIVA EPISTEMOLÓGICA. ESSE TEXTO NASCE A PARTIR DO PROJETO DE TESE, A FIM DE COMPREENDER A VIRTUALIDADE COMO FUNDANTE NA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA DIFUSÃO DO CONHECIMENTO PRODUZIDO NA E COM A COLABORAÇÃO DA ACADEMIA BAIANA DE EDUCAÇÃO – ACADEMIA BAIANA DE EDUCAÇÃO (ABE). A PREOCUPAÇÃO PELA GESTÃO DA DIFUSÃO DOS CONHECIMENTOS NO CAMPO DA INOVAÇÃO NA ÁREA DA EDUCAÇÃO CABE, AQUI, POIS A ACADEMIA BAIANA DE EDUCAÇÃO - ABE, NOS ÚLTIMOS ANOS TEM SE PREOCUPADO COM O ACESSO, A PRODUÇÃO E A DIFUSÃO DO CONHECIMENTO NO CAMPO EDUCACIONAL. DIANTE DO EXPOSTO, CONCLUÍMOS QUE A VIRTUALIDADE NÃO PODE SER EXPERIMENTADA, PRODUZIDA E ACESSADA SE NÃO COM O INTUITO DE DIFUNDIR “SABERES EXPERIENCIAIS” E PROMOVER PRÁTICAS DE CIDADANIA, NUMA CONSTRUÇÃO DIALÓGICA, PARTICIPATIVA E INVERSA AOS MODELOS CONSERVADORES DE FAZER EDUCAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO EM NOSSO PAÍS.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS EM SALA DE AULA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES NA UTILIZAÇÃO DE PRODUÇÃO AUDIOVISUAL NAS AULAS DE HISTÓRIA
Authors:   PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO PARANÁ, LIMA PEDRO HENRIQUE GARCIA RODRIGUES DE , MARANGON JULIA MACHADO ,   PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO PARANÁ, SANTANA MAURÍCIO FERREIRA ,   UNIVERSIDADE TUIUTI DO PARANÁ, RODRIGUES IZABELLE CRISTINA GARCIA ,   CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO INTERNACIONAL UNINTER, CAVEIÃO CRISTIANO ,   CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO INTERNACIONAL UNINTER
Published: January 2021

AS METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS POSSUEM COMO OBJETIVO SUPRIR A DEFASAGEM QUE O PROCESSO DE ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM TRADICIONAL APRESENTA. ASSIM, PARA QUE O ALUNO APRESENTE UM MELHOR APROVEITAMENTO DO ENSINO, OS PROFESSORES FAZEM O USO DE OUTRAS METODOLOGIAS, COMO BLENDED LEARNING, QUE SE CARACTERIZA PELO USO DE TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO (TDIC). ESTE ESTUDO TEM COMO OBJETIVO ANALISAR A UTILIZAÇÃO DAS PRODUÇÕES AUDIOVISUAIS COMO FERRAMENTA PEDAGÓGICA, UTILIZANDO COMO OBJETO DE ESTUDO O FILME CHILENO MACHUCCA. A METODOLOGIA UTILIZADA É A DE REVISÃO DE LITERATURA BASEADA EM ESTUDOS PUBLICADOS NOS ÚLTIMOS 10 ANOS. CONCLUI-SE QUE A LINGUAGEM CINEMATOGRÁFICA, RECURSO JÁ AMPLAMENTE UTILIZADO PRESENCIALMENTE COMO ESTRATÉGIA INTERATIVA, PODE SER MELHOR EXPLORADA NO ENSINO À DISTÂNCIA, CONTRIBUINDO PARA A DINÂMICA DA DOCÊNCIA
ENGAJAMENTO DOS ESTUDANTES NO EAD EM RELAÇÃO ÀS METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS EM DISCIPLINAS TEÓRICO-PRÁTICAS: UMA ANÁLISE DO RENDIMENTO DISCENTE
Authors:   LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES, ENCARNAÇÃO JACKELINE FERREIRA DA , LIMA CLEIDE RODRIGUES DE PÁDUA ,   LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES, MACHADO CLÁUDIA LEITE ,   LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES, TEIXEIRA CARLOS ALBERTO CHAGAS ,   LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES, MURAKAMI RAFAEL GUEM ,   LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES, SOUSA ROGÉRIO LUCIANO DE ,   LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES, SILVA ALCINEIDE PEREIRA DA ,   LAUREATE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES
Published: January 2021

O PRESENTE ESTUDO FOI ELABORADO A PARTIR DE UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA, E SE PROPÔS FAZER UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE DUAS DISCIPLINAS OFERTADAS INTEGRALMENTE NA MODALIDADE A DISTÂNCIA. A ANÁLISE TEVE COMO OBJETIVO AVALIAR SE A DISCIPLINA, PRÁTICAS DA PROFISSÃO, QUE UTILIZA COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE ENSINO/APRENDIZAGEM O MÉTODO ATIVO "PROJETOS", SUSCITA MAIOR ENGAJAMENTO NOS ESTUDANTES DO QUE A DISCIPLINA ANÁLISE ORGANIZACIONAL, QUE NÃO UTILIZA OS MESMOS RECURSOS PEDAGÓGICOS. OS RESULTADOS DESTA PESQUISA APONTAM QUE A DISCIPLINA PRÁTICAS DA PROFISSÃO NÃO TEVE MAIOR ENGAJAMENTO, ENTRETANTO, CONSTATOU-SE QUE O DESEMPENHO ACADÊMICO DOS ESTUDANTES DESTA DISCIPLINA FOI MELHOR DO QUE OS ESTUDANTES MATRICULADOS NA DISCIPLINA ANÁLISE ORGANIZACIONAL. TAL RESULTADO VAI AO ENCONTRO DOS REGISTROS ENCONTRADOS NA LITERATURA SOBRE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS DE ENSINO, CUJAS ESTRATÉGIAS PEDAGÓGICAS PROMOVEM ESTUDANTES MAIS COMPROMETIDOS COM O SEU DESEMPENHO ESTUDANTIL
USO DA TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO NA ORIENTAÇÃO DE PUÉRPERAS
Authors:   UNIVERSIDADE DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO, MAZZONI CRISTIANE ROSE ROSSI , CARITÁ EDILSON CARLOS ,   UNIVERSIDADE DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO
Published: January 2021

O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE RECURSOS DIDÁTICO-PEDAGÓGICOS POR MEIO DA TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO (TIC), CONTEMPLANDO CONTEÚDOS ESPECÍFICOS E LINGUAGEM ADEQUADA AO PÚBLICO ALVO, É FUNDAMENTAL PARA APOIAR PROCESSOS DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM, PRINCIPALMENTE NO QUE SE REFERE A PROMOÇÃO DE SAÚDE. O OBJETIVO DESSE ESTUDO É APRESENTAR O DESENVOLVIMENTO E A AVALIAÇÃO PILOTO DE UM OBJETO DE APRENDIZAGEM (VÍDEO) PARA APOIAR O PROCESSO DE ORIENTAÇÃO DE PUÉRPERAS EM UM HOSPITAL-ESCOLA MINEIRO. TRATA-SE DE UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO-DESCRITIVO COM ABORDAGEM QUALITATIVA. O OBJETO DE APRENDIZAGEM (OA) FOI DESENVOLVIDO COM O USO DO SOFTWARE MICROSOFT POWER POINT VERSÃO 2013; PARA A INSERÇÃO DO ÁUDIO FOI USADO O SOFTWARE VIDEO2MP3. AS FIGURAS INSERIDAS NO OA FORAM SELECIONADAS COM O OBJETIVO DE FACILITAR O PROCESSO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM E, ALGUMAS DELAS, GIFS ANIMADOS, FORAM CONVERTIDAS EM VÍDEO COM A FERRAMENTA ONLINE-CONVERT.COM. O VÍDEO (OA) DURA 3’ 19’’ E CONTEMPLA INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE POSTURAS PARA AMAMENTAÇÃO E ATIVIDADES DIÁRIAS, EXERCÍCIO PARA DIÁSTASE ABDOMINAL ASSOCIADO A EXERCÍCIOS RESPIRATÓRIOS, EDEMA DE MEMBROS INFERIORES E INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA E FECAL. O OA FOI VALIDADO QUALITATIVAMENTE POR 3 DOCENTES DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PRIVADA DO INTERIOR PAULISTA. FOI ACATADA A SUGESTÃO PARA A TROCA DOS TERMOS “EDEMA” E “MINIMIZAR” PARA INCHAÇO E DIMINUIR, TERMOS COLOQUIAIS DE FÁCIL COMPREENSÃO PELAS PUÉRPERAS. TAMBÉM FOI SUGERIDA A RETIRADA DA PALAVRA MAMADEIRA, USADA NO TEMA AMAMENTAÇÃO. PORÉM, OPTOU-SE POR MANTÊ-LO, POIS MUITAS PUÉRPERAS NÃO TEM A POSSIBILIDADE DE OFERECER O SEIO PARA SEUS BEBÊS. CONCLUI-SE QUE O OA PODERÁ SER DISPONIBILIZADO COMO RECURSO DIDÁTICO-PEDAGÓGICO PARA A ORIENTAÇÃO DAS PUÉRPERAS NA SALA DE ESPERA DE OBSTETRÍCIA OU NO ALOJAMENTO CONJUNTO APÓS O PARTO, OU AINDA POR MEIO DE REPOSITÓRIOS DE OA, PODENDO ESTIMULAR AS PUÉRPERAS A SEGUIREM AS ORIENTAÇÕES DE FISIOTERAPEUTAS, PERMITINDO UMA RECUPERAÇÃO MAIS RÁPIDA, E ADESÃO AOS CUIDADOS NECESSÁRIOS PARA O BEM-ESTAR.
COMO O USO DE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS PODE CONTRIBUIR PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PENSAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO?
Authors:   UNIVERSIDADE DE UBERABA, FREITAS WILTON REZENDE DE , BIZINOTO GABRIELLA PANIAGUA ,   UNIVERSIDADE DE UBERABA, VIEIRA CAMILLA DE OLIVEIRA ,   UNIVERSIDADE DE UBERABA, SOUZA ÉLIDA PATRÍCIA DE ,   UNIVERSIDADE DE UBERABA, BISINOTTO SILVIA DENISE DOS SANTOS ,   UNIVERSIDADE DE UBERABA
Published: January 2021

O PENSAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO OCUPA O TOPO DA LISTA DE CARACTERÍSTICAS DESEJÁVEIS PELO MERCADO QUANDO SE FALA EM FORMAÇÃO PARA A GESTÃO ORGANIZACIONAL. REFERE-SE À CAPACIDADE DO PROFISSIONAL EM IDENTIFICAR SITUAÇÕES CRÍTICAS, AVALIAR DE FORMA ANALÍTICA E CRIATIVA AS INFORMAÇÕES RELEVANTES E DETERMINAR AS CONSEQUÊNCIAS DA TOMADA DE DECISÃO DE UMA AÇÃO ESPECÍFICA. FELIZMENTE ESSAS HABILIDADES DE PENSAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO PODEM SER DESENVOLVIDAS, E HÁ UMA VARIEDADE DE CONFIGURAÇÕES E SITUAÇÕES QUE OFERECEM OPORTUNIDADES PARA QUE O PROFISSIONAL CONSTRUA SUA CAPACIDADE PARA A RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS COMPLEXOS NO AMBIENTE ORGANIZACIONAL. NESSA PERSPECTIVA, O OBJETIVO PRIMORDIAL DA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR PARA FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DEVE, PORTANTO, BASEAR-SE EM UMA VISÃO QUE PERMITA AO INDIVÍDUO CONTINUAR SE DESENVOLVENDO AO LONGO DE SUA VIDA, TOMANDO DECISÕES INDEPENDENTES, AGINDO DE FORMA RESPONSÁVEL E APROPRIADA EM CONTEXTOS PÚBLICOS, PRIVADOS, PROFISSIONAIS E SOCIAIS, PARA CONSTRUIR A SOCIEDADE QUE ALMEJA VIVER. EM BUSCA DE METODOLOGIAS QUE FAVOREÇAM ESTE TIPO DE APRENDIZAGEM, NOS ÚLTIMOS ANOS, TEM HAVIDO UM INTERESSE CRESCENTE NA APLICAÇÃO DA GAMIFICAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO, QUE PODE SER DEFINIDA COMO A INSERÇÃO DE JOGOS QUE OBJETIVAM MOTIVAR OS ALUNOS, CRIANDO UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE APRENDIZADO DESAFIADOR E ENVOLVENTE. POR MEIO DESSES JOGOS, OS ALUNOS EVOCAM MOTIVAÇÃO POSITIVA PARA A APRENDIZAGEM E CONSOLIDAM O CONHECIMENTO OBTIDO ACERCA DAS HABILIDADES EMPREENDEDORAS PARA O FORTALECIMENTO DA PRONTIDÃO PARA AGIR, ENFRENTAR RISCOS E ASSUMIR RESPONSABILIDADES. NESSA PERSPECTIVA, O PRESENTE ARTIGO BUSCA SOCIALIZAR UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE SUCESSO REALIZADA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR COM VISTAS A DESENVOLVER O PENSAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO NECESSÁRIO À FORMAÇÃO DE UM GESTOR EM DIFERENTES ÁREAS.
ESTRATÉGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO HÍBRIDO: POTENCIALIDADES E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors:   CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO SOCIESC, DANIELE YARA MARCIA SILVA , LOPES VANIA MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO ,   CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO SOCIESC, SIEDSCHLAG KATIA CRISTINA REIMER ,   CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO SOCIESC, PEREIRA LUCIANE KARLA ,   CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO SOCIESC
Published: January 2021

A PROPOSTA DESTE ARTIGO É REFLETIR A RESPEITO DE ESTRATÉGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO HÍBRIDO, EM ESPECIAL, NO ENSINO SUPERIOR. DO PONTO DE VISTA TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICO, O ARTIGO ESTÁ FUNDAMENTADO EM CAMARGO E DAROS (2018), MATTAR (2017), MORAN (2018), DENTRE OUTROS AUTORES. FORAM ANALISADOS DOIS ESTUDOS DE CASO À LUZ DOS TEÓRICOS CONSULTADOS E DAS ESTRATÉGIAS/ METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS. OS RESULTADOS OBTIDOS SINALIZAM QUE O ENSINO HÍBRIDO COM O USO DAS ESTRATÉGIAS/METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS PROMOVE POSSIBILIDADES E POTENCIALIDADES PARA O ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM. ENSINO HÍBRIDO, METODOLOGIAS/ESTRATÉGIAS ATIVAS, ENSINO SUPERIOR.
O PAPEL DO TUTOR NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DOS ALUNOS: CENÁRIOS E DESAFIOS DA COVID-19 NO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors:   FACULDADE DE MEDICINA DO ABC, ALVES ALAN RANGEL , SILVA JOÃO PAULO TENÓRIO DA ,   CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO PADRE ANCHIETA, MONTEIRO MARIA IEDA ,   FAIEP UNIASSELVI, HENRIQUE MÁRIO ,   COGNA EDUCAÇÃO, RAMOS PRISCILA DÉBORA ,   UNIFG, BARBOSA RODRIGO ,   GRUPO SER EDUCACIONAL, COSTA YURI RAVELL NOBRE ,   GRUPO SER EDUCACIONAL
Published: January 2021

O PRESENTE TRABALHO TEM COMO OBJETIVO APRESENTAR O CENÁRIO QUE OS PROFESSORES TUTORES ENFRENTARAM NAS IES (INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR) NOS MESES DE MARÇO A JUNHO DE 2020 DEVIDO À QUARENTENA DA COVID-19, O SEMESTRE DAS AULAS PRESENCIAIS PASSARAM A SER ONLINE E PARA MANTER A QUALIDADE DO ENSINO DENTRO DA SALA VIRTUAL DE APRENDIZAGEM PERANTE A PANDEMIA DO NOVO CORONAVÍRUS. APRESENTAREMOS NESTE ARTIGO UM PANORAMA QUE AS IES CAMINHARAM POR ESTA CRISE, DESDE TREINAMENTOS RELÂMPAGOS PARA PROFESSORES, ESTRATÉGIAS, FERRAMENTAS UTILIZADAS PELOS TUTORES E PRINCIPALMENTE MANTER A NORMALIDADE DAS AULAS.
RUPTURA DE PARADIGMA NA EDUCAÇÃO COM A COVID-19
Authors:   SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DE VALINHOS, NAGY ANA CLÁUDIA BARREIRO , FEITOSA ARYADYNNA SANTOS ,   UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PIAUÍ, BRAZ JAMARA CARDOSO NEVES ,   INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE EDUCAÇÃO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, DIAS FRANCISCA AUDERLÂNIA DE OLIVEIRA ,   GRUPO EDUCADORES GOOGLE - LAVRAS DA MANGABEIRA / UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO CEARÁ / INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO, CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DO CEARÁ, NASCIMENTO AGEU QUINTANILHA VIANA ,   AGILIS CONSULTORIA E TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO
Published: January 2021

ESTE ARTIGO TEM POR OBJETIVO APRESENTAR COMO SE ENCONTRA O ENSINO EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19 E O ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL, COM O USO DAS TECNOLOGIAS, FAZENDO UM ELO ENTRE OS DOCENTES, DISCENTES E INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PARA VENCER AS DIFICULDADES E CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA PROMOVER O ENSINO E A APRENDIZAGEM NO ÂMBITO DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL AO ENSINO SUPERIOR A PARTIR DA RUPTURA DA AULA PRESENCIAL PARA A INTRODUÇÃO DE AULAS REMOTAS, EAD E EDUCAÇÃO ONLINE. O PRESENTE ESTUDO TEM NATUREZA QUALITATIVA, EXPLORATÓRIA, É UMA PESQUISA BÁSICA, BIBLIOGRÁFICA, BASEADA EM LEIS, ARTIGOS, LIVROS, MÍDIAS ELETRÔNICAS, VÍDEOS DA ABED, LDB, CF/88, PORTARIAS FEDERAIS, ESTADUAIS E MUNICIPAIS E MATERIAIS DE PUBLICAÇÕES DISPONIBILIZADAS POR MEIO ELETRÔNICO. FOI REALIZADO UM APANHADO GERAL DO PONTO DE VISTA DE DIVERSOS ESTUDIOSOS, DENTRE ELES MORIN (2020) E STRAVOS (2020) E LITTO (2020). OS AUTORES, EM SUAS REFLEXÕES, APONTAM QUE RESTOU COMPROVADA A NECESSIDADE DE UM REPLANEJAMENTO NOS PROCESSOS EDUCACIONAIS E INVESTIMENTOS EM TICS, NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E ALUNOS NOS MAIS DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE APRENDIZAGEM PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA EDUCAÇÃO DE BOA QUALIDADE NOS TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA.
Critical Thinking an Antidote to Artificial Intelligence Threat: An Innovation in Teacher Education Practices
Authors:   Curriculum & Pedagogy Department, Teacher Education College, Zhejiang Normal University, China, Blessing Funmi Komolafe , Xusheng Qian ,   Curriculum & Pedagogy Department, Teacher Education College, Zhejiang Normal University, China,   Science Education Department, Faculty of Education Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Published: January 2021

: The role of Critical thinking skill in developing 21st-century teaching profession can’t be overstated. Projecting into the future, critical thinking is expected to serve as tools for integrating Artificial Intelligence into the teaching profession as well as an antidote to the threats of artificial intelligence to the teaching profession in the machine learning age. This study investigates John Dewey's philosophy on critical thinking and reviews existing literature on teaching profession. The questions raised by this study include: what is critical thinking requirement skill in 21st century? Does critical thinking serve as a means of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into the teaching profession? What is the basic critical thinking skill and strategies needed for effective teaching that serve as an antidote to AI threats? The results imply that teachers need to acquire critical skills in order to outsmart machine, which has become a threat to many professions including teaching. The relevant teacher is one that does not function like a programmed machine. Ability to think critically is the answer to the “Austria vision 2030”( Machine learning age), teachers need to think critically in the teaching profession innovation as a major means to overcome AI threat and in order to be relevant in 21st century machine learning age. Keywords: Critical Thinking; Artificial Intelligence; Education; Antidote; Teaching; Profession
Islamic Integrated Art Therapy: An Intervention for Psychological Issues among University Students v1
Authors: not provided tamkeen.saleem
Published: January 2021

The present study is designed to adopt art therapy in Islamic perspective by adding/including shapes and designs of Islamic origin. This will be based on colour therapy to find its effectiveness in reducing depression, anxiety and stress and enhancing the psychological well-being of university students with high and low religious levels from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. This study will be carried out in two phases. The first phase will be to develop anIslamic adult colouring book with Islamic patterns and calligraphy. The second phase will be the main study, it will be an experimental study that will include screening out a sample, consisting of mild to moderate levels of depression, anxiety and stress and also high and low religiosity levels. A sample of 60 students will receive Islamic integrated art therapy. On the basis of religiosity, two groups will be formed as high religious group and low religious group and individuals in both groups will complete all the fourteen sessions, pre and post test assessments will be taken through psychometric tools DASS-21, Psychological well-being scale and religiosity scale. Statistics from independent sample t test and paired sample t test will be applied to see differences from pre-test to post-test assessments of depression anxiety and stress and psychological well-being across the groups.
Assessment of the Quality of Ground Water in Kalar City- Kurdistan Region- Iraq
Authors: Al-Jaf Hnar , Jaf Nyaz
Published: January 2021

This paper was carried out to test the quality of ground water in Kalar city- Kurdistan Region- Iraq, bacteria, TDS, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and nitrate were tested in order to the quality assessment. The assessment was done for the water quality of 39 wells in kalar city as case of study. It was concluded that TDS levels of these wells were high levels in general and the main reason was due to high levels of calcium and magnesium. Turbidity, pH, sodium, potassium and nitrate values for the samples of water were in standard region. The maximum and non-standard values of TDS, calcium and magnesium were recorded in sample of well no. 27 in values of 545 mg/l, 149 mg/l and 52 mg/l respectively. The research suggested water softener system to cure the hardness of the ground water by decreasing the high levels of TDS, calcium and magnesium to be in safe ranges. It was also proposed the reverse OSMOSIS removes as a second way of ground water treatment. High level of TDS was reduced to standard range from 545 mg/l to 296 mg/l through the water softener system and reduced to 98 mg/l through the reverse OSMOSIS. It found that ground water may contain bacteria such as E. coli and Coliform, and chlorine treatment can be used to avoid bacteria contaminant.
Paradoxical relationships between Less and More in architectural Form
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed , Tayib Abdullah
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, almost all forms that surround us, in our building's environment and even on papers became similar to each other. The problems with the form are related to the inability of creating it from scratch because the process of creating form today is a process of displacement of a previous formal perception towards a new formal one, or by the aid of computer, and that leads to creating the monotony in forms due to their similarities.

What is predominantly accepted as logical may not necessarily be true. The idea that is generally accepted by all architects is that the role of the architect is to build by adding, it sounds illogical to expect architects to focus on the question of builds by subtracting.

Our initial hypothesis assumed that the paradoxical soul of “less and more” in architectural form is revealed in the rhetorical figures, where the subtraction strategy is alternative of the addition strategy.

For that, the concept of form in architecture in this research has been deconstructed to its primary elements: Type „deep structure‟ and style „surface structure‟. In addition, the research clarified and set up the primary variable represented by the subtraction, and secondary variables (Fragmentation and segmentation, Transparency, Geometrical rigor, Distortion of scale, Identical repetition, Erosion) which help of creating rhetorical forms, in another word, it makes us get 'More' from 'Less'.

As a conclusion, the distinctive thing that the research revealed about the strategies of architectural form besides the subtraction strategy and the concept of rhetorical numbers, is the concept of the conceptual golden subtraction, where the research detected it in Islamic architectural design and interpreted and connected it with the disconnected letters of the holy Quran, Al-Jarjani theory of subtraction, and the design language of the architect Sinan.
Social service of non-Orthodox Christian religious organizations of the Far East in the 1990 s..
Authors:   The Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of History,  Archeology and Ethnography, Vladivostok, Russia, Fedirko Oksana P. , Dudarenok Svetlana M. ,   The Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of History,  Archeology and Ethnography, Vladivostok, Russia
Published: January 2021

Incontrol. At present, the formation of a model of social partnership between the state and religious associations to help the most vulnerable segments of the Russian population is of particular importance. The study of the activities of non-Orthodox Christian organizations allows us to take into account historical experience for the development of optimal forms and methods of work not only religious, but also public associations in the social sphere. The methodology chosen by the authors for this study includes a comparative analysis that highlights the most significant problems in each of the studied aspects of the activi-ties of non-Orthodox Christian organizations in the Far East of Russia, as well as an ap-peal to qualitative (rather than quantitative) methods of study with a corresponding dynamic approach to the description of the subject. As a result of the study, forms of social assistance, groups of the population to which it was directed and the peculiarities of its organization by religious associations of the region are allocated. It has been proven that the social service of non-Orthodox Christian organizations was missionary in nature. It is emphasized that the authorities considered religious education as equal partners in solving social problems in the subjects of the Far East. There is considerable assistance from foreign missionaries in implementing social programs.
Psychological and educational support and correction of the personal development of children with aggressive behavior.
Authors:   Federal State Budget Research Institution ", Golovanov Viktor P. ,   Institute for the Study of Childhood, Family and Education of the Russian Academy of Education",   Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2021

The article considers the problem of psychological and pedagogical support for the development of the personality of children with aggressive behavior, substantiates the relevance of the named problem, due to the extreme instability of the situation of personality development in society at the present stage, as one of the most interesting and significant problems that require implementation in practice-oriented research. Psychological and pedagogical support and correction of the development of the per-sonality of children and adolescents is demonstrated in the article as the most important aspect of the organization of social and pedagogical activity. This article presents, first of all, an analysis of the features of aggressive behavior of children and adolescents, a description of the psychological and pedagogical program for supporting and correcting personality development is given. Aggressive behavior of children and adolescents is revealed in the context of antisocial and antisocial behavior. The phenomenon of aggressive behavior, forms of aggression, features of manifestation of aggression in children are considered. the main attention in the article is paid to the disclosure of the main forms and methods of psychological and pedagogical support and correction of aggression and aggressive behavior of adolescents. The key is the search for ways to optimize psychological and pedagogical support for the development of the personality of adolescents, which, as noted in the article, is associated with the construction of a developing environment that most contributes to the realization of personal potential and the need for teachers and psychologists of a modern educational organization to be ready to carry out activities in this social and psychological and socio-pedagogical area.
School philological education: traditions and innovations in the organization of home work.
Authors:   Regional state Autonomous educational institution of additional professional education ", Guseva Natalia ,   Institute for advanced training of teachers",   (OGAOU DPO ",   IPKPR",   ) Jewish Autonomous region, Birobidzhan, Russia
Published: January 2021

the article actualizes students’ homework as a form of independent learning, traditional and innovative methods of which are actively used in the practice of school philological education. The author provides a brief historical and pedagogical analysis of methodological and pedagogical opinions of classical and modern researchers about homework as a mandatory element of homework. The author in the historical and pedagogical context reveals some methodological regulations on homework, homework assignments. Based on an original scientific and methodological work, the author shows the features of homework assignments developed and tested in educational organizations of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. National and regional content in this is the basis of the presented forms of domestic work, which contribute not only to the realization of educational functions of teaching process in general and literary education in particular, but also form the socio-cultural and ethno-cultural values of students in multiethnic Jewish Autonomous Oblast. The author emphasizes the need for a modern scientific rethinking of views on homework, including taking into account the features and capabilities of e-learning and IT technologies in the field of education. The author's didactic and pedagogical conclusions and methodological examples suggest the possibility and need for further research on the functions, meanings, technologies, didactic and pedagogical effects of homework and homework, including in the subject-methodical refraction.
Development and evaluation of the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface
Authors: Narzikulova Kumri I. , Bakhritdinova Fazilat A. , Mirrakhimova Saida Sh. , Oralov Behruz A.
Published: January 2021

Relevance. In the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface, in order to achieve high efficiency in the shortest possible time, it is necessary for the therapy to be comprehensive. Today, in addition to traditional treatment methods, new technologies based on the use of low-energy lasers, which have high biological activity, are spreading.
Aim. To improve the treatment results of the inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface by implementing photodynamic therapy (PDT) in experiment and clinic, using domestic equipment and elaborating optimal energetic parameters of laser irradiation.
Methods. Objects of research: 130 nonlinear sexually mature rats weighing 150 grams contained in standard vivarium conditions and 110 eyes of patients with inflammatory eye diseases. Carrying out the investigation, experiments on animals, clinical and functional examination results of patients, and statistical analysis were taken into consideration.
Results. A methodology for complex treatment of inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface was developed (with inclusion of PDT by the laser therapy device Vostok), based on experimental data and confirmed by clinical and functional ocular indices. PDT helps to increase the effectiveness of treatment, which is manifested by accelerated tissue regeneration, restoration of corneal transparency, increase of visual function in 86.7%, and reduction of treatment terms to 6 days.
Conclusions. Anti-inflammatory and regenerative effectiveness of the proposed complex treatment of inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface with the PDT use was established: improvement in the clinical picture of conjunctivitis and keratitis was revealed, manifested by increase in corneal epithelization.
First results of endonasal balloon dacryoplasty use in recurrence after dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: At’kova Eugeniya L. , Krakhovetskiy Nikolay N. , Zhukov Oleg V.
Published: January 2021

Background. In recurrent dacryocystitis after dacryocystorhinostomy, a re-operation is indicated. In recent years, some publications appeared concerning endonasal dacryoplasty using 9 mm-balloon in treatment of patients with recurrent dacryocystitis.
Purpose to evaluate the possibility of using endonasal balloon dacryoplasty in recurrence after dacryocystorhinostomy.
Materials and methods. Into the study, 6 patients (6 cases) were included who underwent endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy for dacryocystitis 1-3 years before. In all patients, evaluation of Munks scores for epiphora, optical coherence tomography (OCT) based lacrimal meniscometry, dye disappearance test, lacrimal drainage system syringing and probing of its horizontal part, nasal endoscopy, multispiral computed tomography of lacrimal drainage system with contrast enhancement. In all patients, endonasal dacryoplasty using a balloon with 6 mm diameter was carried out. The follow-up period after surgery was 6 months.
Results. In 4 patients, recovery was achieved, in 1 patient improvement was obtained, in 1 patient there was dacryostoma cicatrization.
Conclusion. Preliminary results received in this study of the balloon dacryoplasty performed in 6 patients afford ground to consider it possible to use this method in patients with dacryocystitis recurrence after dacryocystorhinostomy. The matter of the prospects when using this method may be solved after further research aimed to increase the number of clinical observations to enhance the possibility of adequate statistical processing of obtained results, to extend the postoperative follow-up period, to develop the indications for this procedure, and to investigate the necessity in additional manipulations improving the effectiveness of endonasal balloon dacryoplasty.
Comparative evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma using an Ex-Press® P-200 filtration device and drainage device “anti-glaucoma implant A3”
Authors: Grineva Maria K. , Astakhov Sergey Yu. , Turgel Vadim A.
Published: January 2021

Purpose. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma using the Ex-Press P-200 filtering device and the Anti-glaucoma A3 implant.
Materials and methods. Using simple sequential sampling, 52 patients (59 eyes) were divided into 2 groups. The first group was implanted with Ex-Press P-200, the second with Anti-glaucoma implant A3. The follow-up period for patients ranged from 6 months to three years. At each visit, a standard ophthalmic examination was performed. For tonometry, the ICare TA01i portable non-contact tonometer was used. To assess the stabilization of the glaucoma process, we performed static (threshold) automatic perimetry using the Pericom perimeter and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve heads using a Spectralis HRA-OCT tomograph (Heidelberg Engineering).
Conclusions. The implantation of devices of both types led to a persistent decrease in intraocular pressure, maintenance of visual functions, and stabilization of the glaucoma process. Intra- and postoperative complications corresponded to the nature of filtering procedures and did not have significant differences in the groups. However, cases of shunt erosion were noted only in the group with implanted Ex-Press devices.
Telemedicine in ophthalmology. Part 2. “special teleophthalmology”
Authors: Astakhov Yuri S. , Turgel Vadim A.
Published: January 2021

In recent years, telemedicine (TM) has been gradually introduced into ophthalmology in the form of teleophthalmology (TO), because most of the eye diseases can be photographed and transmitted via Internet. The most wide development of TO has involved the field of diabetic retinopathy (DR) diagnosis, primarily due to the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world. Examples of the well-established operation of remote DR screening centers exist in different countries of the world. There are many studies published, which compare a remote examination with a personal one, and according to their data, TO screening is no worse, than traditional screening. In addition to DR, TO also covers the diagnosis of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and other ophthalmic conditions. In this article, we present an overview of modern TO centers in different countries, the features of their organization and global results that have been achieved during their existence. New technologies developed to facilitate the work of such centers will also be touched: image analysis algorithms, portable diagnostic equipment, medical information systems. The prospects for introducing TO into Russian medical practice are considered separately.
Comparison of results and quality of life in patients with thyroid eye disease after different methods of orbital decompression
Authors: Zhu Wen , Katinas Elena B. , Solovyov Mikhail M. , Fedotova Karolina , Yaremenko Andrey I. , Chachanidze Ekaterina V. , Potеmkin Vitaly V.
Published: January 2021

Purpose. To evaluate the changes in the quality of life of patients with thyroid eye disease after different methods of orbital decompression.
Materials and methods. The study included 24 patients (37 orbits) with thyroid eye disease, aged 41.6 20.6 (from 20 to 79 years), 18 women and 6 men. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group included 12 patients (19 orbits) who underwent orbital fat decompression. The second group included 12 patients (18 orbits) who underwent endoscopic endonasal bony orbital decompression. The Graves ophthalmopathy quality of life questionnaire (GO-QOL) was completed before surgery, and 3 and 6 months after it. Outcome analysis included also the assessment of visual acuity, proptosis, eyelid retraction, and palpebral fissure height.
Results. The GO-QOL visual function scores in both groups did not change significantly in 3 and in 6 months after orbital decompression (p 0.05): in the first group, before and after 6 months, scores were 69.27 20.02 and 68.96 18.44, in the second group 53.13 29.13 and 57.81 23.56, respectively. An improvement in the GO-QOL visual function estimation was observed in those patients whose visual acuity improved after surgery. The GO-QOL facial appearance scores significantly improved 3 months after surgery, and continued to increase up to 6 months: in the first group, facial appearance scores improved from 23.96 23.01 to 48.42 25.56 (p = 0.004), in the second group from 47.92 21.04 to 66.15 23.15 (p = 0.037).
Conclusions. Orbital decompression significantly improves the quality of life of patients with thyroid eye disease, this is primarily associated with an improvement in facial appearance.
Possibilities of using microsurgical autotransplantation of tissue complexes in children
Authors: Avdeychik Natalia V. , Golyana Sergey I. , Grankin Denis Yu. , Safonov Andrey V. , Tikhonenko Tatyana I. , Galkina Natalia S.
Published: January 2021

Background. Applications of traditional treatment methods in children with congenital and acquired pathology of the musculoskeletal system are often limited, as wound defects of significant area and depth with a soft tissue and bone deficit may occur during the reconstruction of the segment. Microsurgical techniques, including autotransplantation of blood-supplied tissue complexes, make it possible to realize the aims of musculoskeletal segment reconstruction and reduce surgical treatment time.
Aim. This study aimed to perform a retrospective (statistical) analysis of using microsurgical autotransplantation of tissue complexes in children.
Materials and methods. Treatment outcomes of 871 patients with congenital and development deformities of the musculoskeletal system who underwent 1048 microsurgical autotransplantations of various tissue complexes in 19842018 were analyzed. Complications associated with impaired blood supply to transplanted autografts, requiring revision microsurgical interventions, were also statistically processed.
Results. The mean patient age was 5.8 years (range, 10 months to 17 years). In children with congenital pathology (n = 597), transplantation of blood-supplied tissue complexes in 85.9% of the cases was performed in cases with hand deformities. In 285 cases of acquired deformities, post-traumatic finger stumps accounted for 45.5%, scar changes of soft tissues for 39.6%, and other pathological conditions for 14.9%. Most of the microsurgical operations were toe-to-hand transfers, which accounted for 81.8% of the total number of surgeries. In 79.4% of the cases, the second toe was used for the toe-to-hand transfer. Accordingly, the remaining toes were transferred in 20.6% of the cases. When replacing soft tissue defects, a thoracodorsal flap was used in 84 cases, which was 5.6% (of the total number of autotransplantations), and a groin flap was used in 22 patients. To replace bone defects, a blood-supplied fibula graft was used in 47 patients and a metatarsal bone graft in 41 children. Circulatory disorders in the postoperative period were noted in 5.9% of the total operations, which in 3.1% of cases resulted in the necrosis of the transplanted autograft.
Conclusion. The treatment outcomes of using microsurgical autotransplantation of blood-supplied tissue complexes in the reconstruction of tissues and segments of the musculoskeletal system confirm their high efficacy.
Retroclival hematoma: two case reports and a literature review
Authors: Khodorovskaya Alina M. , Kondrashev Igor A , Mandal Vaishali , Lyapin Andrey P.
Published: January 2021

Background. Тraumatic hematomas in the posterior fossa rarely occur, which account for 0.01%0.6% of brain injury cases. Retroclival location for such hematomas is uncommon, as they are mostly epidural and diagnosed almost exclusively in the pediatric population.
Clinical cases. Herein, we report two pediatric cases of traumatic epidural and traumatic subdural retroclival hematomas that developed after high-energy trauma in motor-vehicle accidents.
Discussion. Related studies were reviewed, and anatomical features and neuroimaging findings associated with various compartments of the retroclival hemorrhage in children were discussed.
Conclusion. Considering the nonspecific clinical features and special topographic correlation of anatomical structures in this region, neuroimaging is regarded as the most reliable method to diagnose and correctly classify this pathology, which is essential for further treatment.
Atrophic non-union with severe osteolysis of the radius in a healthy child: successful rescue surgery. Management with fibular allograft and autograft growth factors in a paediatric patient
Authors: Priano Daniele , D'Errico Mario , Peretto Laura , Memeo Antonio
Published: January 2021

Background. Forearm fractures are the most frequent fractures in children and adolescents and they are more common in males than in females. In the last 20 years the increase of surgical indications have resulted in more complications, among them the non-unions, considered extremely rare and severe in children, have increased in incidence. We report a successful treatment of misdiagnosed forearm atrophic non-union with severe osteolysis using fibula allograft and autograft growth factors in a previously healthy 4-year-old child.
Clinical case. A 4 year-old boy presented to our hospital with massive bone loss and a negative bone biopsy for Gorham-Stout Syndrome, he also showed reactive bone tissue with abnormal vascularity, necrotic osteocartilaginous fragments and giant mononucleated cells. Other lab tests did not show any modifications, so all the causes of paediatric osteolysis were ruled out. He had already undergone a few surgeries on that fracture and we performed others before achieving a good result, obtained with an autologous fibula graft with medullary growth factors stabilized with Kirschner wire. At the follow up 28 months later, the patient showed total consolidation of the initial area of non- union, no neurovascular deficit and no joint deficiency.
Discussion. Non-union in paediatric patients is rare and therefore difficult to treat and diagnose. Since all of our tests ruled out the main causes of paediatric non-union, we managed the case with strategies usually applied to adult patients, carefully respecting the growth plates.
Conclusion. Although this is a single-case report, it underlines the importance of early diagnosis, the difficulty to rule out some pediatric causes of bone loss and the complicances of a wrong diagnosis/treatment. It also shows that the use of allograft bone and autograft growth factors in a pediatric patient, who has undergone multiple surgeries, can lead to excellent results
Modeling spinal cord injuries: advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Vissarionov Sergey V. , Rybinskikh Timofey S. , Asadulaev Marat S. , Khusainov Nikita O.
Published: January 2021

Background. Spinal cord injuries have diverse characteristics and associated traumatic changes; they are known as the most severe injuries of locomotorium. The creation of an optimal experimental model of spinal cord injuries using experimental animals, which would have similar changes in humans, is important to assess and analyze the pathological processes, as well as to develop complex treatment methods.
Aim. This study aimed to analyze various experimental models of spinal cord injury using laboratory animals by assessing its advantages and disadvantages for further research and implementation in clinical practice.
Materials and methods. A literature review was performed on the capabilities of experimental models of traumatic spinal cord injury in laboratory animals. A literature search was carried out using databases of PubMed, Science Direct, E-library, and Google Scholar for the period from 1981 to 2019; the keywords are shown below. In total, 105 foreign and 37 domestic articles were identified, 59 articles were analyzed after exclusion, and 75% of studies were published in the last 20 years.
Results. The review of available experimental options of spinal cord injury in laboratory animals revealed that a generally accepted universal model is not yet established. The experimental animal models had characteristics that do not correspond to the same parameters in an actual clinical situation. Besides, some difficulties were encountered in the estimation of pathological processes of experimental animals, translations with clinical changes, and interpretations of achieved functional results in experimental animals, which complicated the application in clinical practice.
Conclusion. Development of experimental models of spinal cord injury that can consider multifactorial aspects of the trauma process, including its biomechanics and time factor, is necessary.