bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALTERATION IN RENAL FUNCTION FOLLOWING LOOP DIURETICS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE
Authors: PRUDENCE A RODRIGUES  , SOUMYA GK  , NADIA GRACE BUNSHAW  , SARANYA N  , SUJITH K  , SHANMUGA SUNDARAM R
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to monitor the impact of loop diuretic therapy in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and to assess other predictors of renal dysfunction in patients with ADHF.

Methods: An observational study over a period of 6 months from January 2018 to June 2018 in the Department of Cardiology, in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Patients on diuretic therapy (loop diuretic) were enrolled. Patients with prior chronic kidney disease were excluded from the study. The patients were evaluated based on change in serum creatinine (SCr) and other contributing factors were assessed by acute kidney injury network and worsening of renal function criteria.

Results: A total of 135 patients were enrolled, of which 73% were males and 27% were females. The mean age of the subjects was 61.55±13 years. The baseline means SCr was 1.62±0.92 mg/dl. On evaluation, 41% were really affected and 59% remain unaffected. Factors such as hypertension (p=0.047) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) (p=0.023) were found to be significant predictors of renal injury.

Conclusion: Variation in renal function in ADHF patients was multifactorial. The direct influence of loop diuretics on renal function was present but was not well established. Hypertension and ACE-I have found to show influence in the development of renal injury as contributing factors. There exists both positive and negative consequence of loop diuretics on renal function.
STUDY ON THE ASSOCIATION OF OBESITY INDICES WITH INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN PRE-DIABETES AND DIABETES
Authors: PRADEEP KUMAR  , SHAILAZA SHRESTHA  , MAHENDRA PRASAD  , PREETI SHARMA  , MOHIT
Published: December 2019

Objective: In this study, the main objective was to evaluate the association of markers of obesity with the inflammatory markers in pre-diabetes and diabetes.

Methods: This study recruited 300 participants (100 control group, 100 pre-diabetic group, and 100 diabetic group). The anthropometric variables such as body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC), and biochemical variables such as fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and adiponectin were analyzed in each participant by standard methods.

Results: The present study documented significantly high values of BMI and WHR in patient (pre-diabetic and diabetic) groups compared to the control group. Similarly, the level of adiponectin decreased and that of uric acid, CRP, fibrinogen, and IL-6 increased significantly. Both BMI and WC were correlated significantly with inflammatory mediators in diabetic patients. The correlation with adiponectin was negative. In the pre-diabetic group, a significant correlation was observed only between WHR, adiponectin, and uric acid.

Conclusion: This study supports the fact that obesity-induced systemic inflammation of low grade is significantly associated with pre-diabetes and diabetes, thereby keeping these individuals at high risk of future complications especially cardiovascular diseases.
TERATOGENICITY TESTING OF SIDDHA FORMULATION OF NILAVEMBU KUDINEER ON ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) EMBRYO
Authors: SHANMUGAPRIYA P  , ELANSEKARAN S  , RAMAMURTHY M  , JEEVA GLADYS R  , SIVARAMAN D  , CHRISTIAN GJ
Published: December 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the teratogenic effect of Nilavembu Kudineer (NVK) by testing in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio).

Methods: The study consisted of 30 embryos/culture plate/dose concentration containing a series of diluted decoction of NVK ranging from 10 μg to 640 μg/ml, and the embryo development was monitored at specific time points. The parameters such as developmental abnormality and adverse events were monitored at 24 hourly intervals for 96 h.

Results: The study results showed 100% hatching and survival of embryos with no significant abnormalities in the extension of study from 96 to 120 h post-fertilization examinations.

Conclusion: NVK did not have teratogenic potential on testing it in various concentrations on zebrafish embryos validating its safety during pregnancy.
STABILITY-INDICATING METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM IN BULK AND TABLET FORMULATION BY REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: SAILAJA B  , SRAVANA KUMARI K
Published: December 2019

Objective: The present work was focused on the development and validation of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method which is simple, rapid, precise, accurate, sensitive, economical, and stability indicating for the quantitation of rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and tablet formulation.

Methods: The separation was attained on Waters Symmetry C18 column with dimensions 150×4.6 mm, 5 mm particle size employing 0.1% orthophosphoric acid buffer:acetonitrile in the ratio of 55:45% v/v as mobile phase, which was pumped at a rate of 1.0 ml/min and detected at a wavelength of 241 nm.

Results: The linearity of the method was demonstrated in the concentration range of 2–12 μg/ml for rosuvastatin calcium with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.999, percentage drug recovery was found to be 100.22–101.16%, and percentage relative standard deviation <2. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were found to be 0.013 μg/ml and 0.042 μg/ml, respectively, and assay of marketed tablet formulation was found to be 99.76%.

Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method was found to be simple, specific, sensitive, rapid, linear, accurate, precise, and economical and could be used for regular quality control of rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and tablet formulation.
STABILITY-INDICATING REVERSE-PHASE HIGH- PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SOFOSBUVIR AND DACLATASVIR IN PURE AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: SWETHA A  , RAMYA KUBER B
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop a novel, simple, sensitive, accurate, precise, and stability-indicating reverse-phase (RP) liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in pure and pharmaceutical formulation.

Methods: In the present work, chromatographic separation was done using stationary-phase discovery column (250 mm×4.6 mm; 5 μm particle size) and mobile phase consisting of 0.1N potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer:acetonitrile (55:45, v/v), with the flow rate of 1 ml/min, and the detection of column effluents was achieved with photodiode array at 260 nm.

Results: The retention time of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir was found to be 2.32 min and 3.06 min, respectively. Stability-indicating studies were conducted according to the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q1A R2, and validation of the method was done as per the ICH guidelines Q2R1. The linearity of the method was in the concentration range of 100–600 μg/ml and 15–90 μg/ml for sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, respectively. The correlation coefficients were found to be 0.9996 and 0.9996 for sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.19 μg/ml and 0.59 μg/ml for sofosbuvir and 0.02 μg/ml and 0.05 μg/ml for daclatasvir, respectively.

Conclusion: The stability-indicating RP high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was novel, simple, precise, accurate, and sensitive for simultaneous estimation of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Hence, the developed method was adopted for qualitative and quantitative analysis of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in pure and pharmaceutical formulations.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEVIRAPINE LOADED AMORPHOUS SOLID DISPERSIONS FOR SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT
Authors: GAGANDEEP SINGH  , NAVJOT SINGH  , RANDEEP KUMAR  , NEENA BEDI
Published: December 2019

Objective: The present study entails the development of nevirapine (NVP)-loaded solid dispersions for improvement of solubility and in vitro profile.

Methods: Solid dispersions were prepared through blending with a hydrophilic polymer and Vitamin E tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) using the solvent evaporation method. The optimized formulations were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and morphological investigations by scanning electron microscopy. The optimized formulation was converted into fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) through direct compression technique and was characterized for pre- and post-compression parameters. Both amorphous dispersions and FDTs were evaluated for in vitro drug release.

Results: NVP showed pH-dependent solubility in different pH media. Above 0.002% w/v Vitamin E TPGS, a linear relationship was observed between the NVP solubility and Vitamin E TPGS concentration. According to the study, the most suitable formulation was NVP:Vitamin E TPGS (1:0.75) in 30 ml solvent with a drug release of 82.96% in 2 h. The analysis of dissolution data of optimized formulation indicated the best fitting with the Higuchi model. FDTs exhibited faster drug release of about 50% in 5 min indicating desired attributes for the immediate dosage form.

Conclusion: The present study vouches for better in vitro profile of NVP from solid dispersion based FDTs.
Research Article LEAVES EXTRACT-BASED BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF CUPRIC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES, CHARACTERIZATIONS, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: YASHWANI PRAKASH
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) leaves extract-based synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs), characterizations, and antimicrobial activity.

Methods: The small cut leaves were washed with double distilled water and boiled for 30 min. After filtration, the extract was treated with 0.2 M copper acetate solution and the initial color change of this solution indicated formation of copper nanoparticles. This solution was stirred for a specific time, heated and treated with 0.1 M NaOH solution. The formation of CuONPs was confirmed by the development of brownish-black precipitates. Then, CuONPs have been tested for their antibacterial effects by applying well diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Results: The biologically synthesized CuONPs have been well characterized by using ultraviolet-visible, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray powder diffraction, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy techniques and all these analytical methods indicated a successful and efficient formation of CuONPs. After the incubation period, significant zones of inhibition were observed for E. coli, S. mutans, P. vulgaris, and S. aureus.

Conclusions: The method was found highly efficient, eco-friendly, and low cost for the synthesis of biologically important CuONPs. The CuONPs have been found an excellent antibacterial agent.
AN IN-VITRO ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS
Authors: SRIDEVI NS  , DHANUSHA V  , RAJESWARI M  , SANTHI N
Published: December 2019

Objective: Most of the microbial infection in the body is through biofilm formation. Quorum sensing (QS) is the key regulator in the biofilm formation in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, interfering with QS is the current strategy to prevent bacterial infection.

Methods: In this study, the effect of various extracts of freshwater microalgae – Chlorella vulgaris on the growth of clinical pathogens – Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus which were studied using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), antibiofilm activity, and (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay using 96-well flat bottom microtiter plates. The phytochemical analysis of C. vulgaris was also carried using standard procedure.

Results: The petroleum ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanolic and acetone extract of C. vulgaris showed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. The MIC value of methanolic extract of C. vulgaris was found to be 1 mg/ml. The highest inhibition of 82.5% and 88.0% was shown by methanolic extract at a concentration of 1 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. The antibiofilm activity by crystal violet and MTT assay confirmed the reduction of biofilm formation in both pathogenic organisms.

Conclusion: The present results suggested the possible use of C. vulgaris in attenuation of QS and biofilm formation to control pathogenic bacteria – P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
THE METAL COMPLEXES OF NOVEL SCHIFF BASE CONTAINING ISATIN: CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY STUDY
Authors: VAIRALAKSHMI M  , PRINCESS R  , JOHNSON RAJA S
Published: December 2019

Objectives: The aim of our work was to synthesize novel mixed ligand-metal complexes and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant assay, and analysis of catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane.

Methods: The complexes were characterized by means of various physicochemical techniques such as elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, infrared (IR), electronic absorption, 1H NMR (proton magnetic resonance), and mass spectral studies. The antimicrobial screening study was done by disc diffusion method. The catalytic activity of the complexes was observed in the oxidation of cyclohexane using eco-friendly hydrogen peroxide as oxidant.

Results: On comparing the 1H NMR and IR spectral data of free ligand and its complexes, it was found to be azomethine (CH=N) proton which is formed in the free ligand. During complexation, the azomethine proton is coordinated to the metal ion and the phenolic oxygen is coordinated to the metal ion by deprotonation. The analytical data and mass spectra of the ligand and the complexes confirm the stoichiometry of metal complexes as being of the (MLY)Cl type and the metal to ligand ratio is 1:1. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and catalytic potential were evaluated and the result shows the better activity of the complexes than the ligand.

Conclusion: It was found to be copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes which are effective against all the bacteria when compared to standard drug streptomycin. Copper(II) complex was found to be effective antibacterial agent against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus in comparison to the standard drug Nystatin. The zinc complex exhibited good catalytic activity.
PROTECTIVE OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SAUSSUREA LAPPA AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED HEPATIC AND RENAL DAMAGE IN MALE RABBITS
Authors: MARIAM A KADHEM
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of our study is to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Saussurea lappa against paracetamol-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male rabbits.

Methods: Eighteen male rabbits were used for this study and were divided into three groups of six rabbits each. Group 1: Rabbits were the normal (negative control), Group 2: (Positive control) Rabbits were administered paracetamol at dose 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W) for 14 day, and Group 3: Rabbits received paracetamol at dose 300 mg/kg B.W then treated with ethanolic extract of S. lappa at dose 300 mg/kg B.W for 14 day.

Results: The obtained results showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in B.W, red blood cells count, white blood cells count, neutrophil, total protein, and albumin with significant (p≤0.05) increase in lymphocyte, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde in rabbits of positive control group, histological studies showed many pathological changes in liver and kidney when compared with negative control group. The oral administration of the ethanolic extract of S. lappa significantly protected the hepatic and kidney cells from damage, the hematological and biochemical parameters were also almost normal in extract treated rabbits compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Our study indicates that the roots of S. lappa act as antioxidant substance and have hepato and renoprotective effect against toxicity induced by paracetamol.
ZANTEDESCHIA AETHIOPICA (L.) SPRENG.: A REVIEW OF ITS MEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: MAROYI ALFRED
Published: December 2019

Zantedeschia aethiopica is an evergreen monocotyledonous herb widely used as herbal medicine and ornamental plant. The current study is aimed at reviewing the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Z. aethiopica. Information on biological activities, medicinal uses, and phytochemistry of Z. aethiopica was gathered from several internet sources which included Scopus, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, and BMC. Additional information on these aspects was sourced from pre-electronic sources such as journal articles, scientific reports, theses, books, and book chapters obtained from the University Library. The current study revealed that Z. aethiopica is mainly used as herbal medicine for boils, burns, gout, inflammation, insect bites, rheumatism, sores, and wounds. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies showed that Z. aethiopica extracts and compounds isolated from the species have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antihistaminic, antialgal, antithrombotic, and anticoagulant activities. This research showed that Z. aethiopica is an integral part of the traditional pharmacopeia in several countries where the species is indigenous or naturalized, but there is the lack of alignment between the known medicinal applications, phytochemistry, and biological activities of the species. Therefore, future research should focus on evaluating the chemical and pharmacological properties of Z. aethiopica extracts and compounds associated with the species.
EVALUATION OF NUCLEAR CHANGES IN THE BUCCAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF TOBACCO USERS IN NNEWI, SOUTH EAST NIGERIA
Authors: SAMUEL IFEDIORANMA OGENYI1  , ANTHONY AJULUCHUKWUNGOKERE  , JONATHAN MADUKWE
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate nuclear changes in the buccal epithelial cells of commercial bus drivers using tobacco in Nnewi. Tobacco use constitutes a major risk factor of oral lesions, due to its genotoxic and mutagenic effects on the buccal cavity epithelial cells.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-three subjects, consisting of 83 tobacco users (test group) and 40 tobacco and alcohol non-users (control group) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Buccal smear was obtained from each participant, processed, and stained with the Papanicolaou staining method. Two hundred cells were counted for each stained slide and the percentage of various nuclear changes determined, and the repair index calculated. Comparisons of nuclear changes between and within groups were carried out using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test with p<0.05 considered significant.

Results: Micronuclei were the most prevalent nuclear changes (100%) while broken egg nuclei were the least (15.2%). Nuclear changes were most prevalent among snuffers (33.42%). A statistically significant difference (p˂0.05) was observed when the median values of nuclear changes were compared in different study groups and control subjects. Similarly, the prevalence of nuclear changes increased with the age of subjects and the duration of tobacco use, whereas the repair index decreased with increased prevalence.

Conclusion: Increased nuclear changes were observed in the buccal epithelial cells of tobacco users, with snuff inhalation slightly impacting more severe effects than cigarette smoking. Buccal smear cytology may constitute an effective screening method for precancerous lesions amongst tobacco users.
Eficiencia y competencia en el mercado de combustibles de la República Dominicana
Authors: Benzan Yuliza , Brito Osmel , Rodríguez Alejandro , Vásquez Harold
Published: December 2019

Este documento analiza algunas de las normativas que rigen el mer­cado de combustibles dominicano con el objetivo de proponer mejo­ras que incrementen la eficiencia y la competencia. Partiendo de un análisis descriptivo y econométrico para estimar la importancia del mercado de los combustibles en la economía dominicana, el trabajo se concentra en analizar aspectos de la legislación relacionados con la fijación de precios, de márgenes de intermediación y de costos de entrada dentro del sector, para luego realizar una serie de recomenda­ciones orientadas a reducir los costos de operación e incrementar el dinamismo del mercado. El trabajo muestra que los costos de entrada, al igual que el establecimiento de precios a través de la fórmula de Precio de Paridad de Importación (PPI), son mecanismos ineficientes que dislocan el uso de recursos y elevan los costos del uso de com­bustibles energéticos para las empresas y para el consumidor final. El mercado de combustibles dominicano cuenta con un número impor­tante de actores que permiten una mayor competencia dentro de este mercado.
Editorial
Authors: Vásquez Harold
Published: December 2019

No precisa de un resumen.
Herbal antimicrobial gel with leaf extract of Cassia alata L.
Authors: Iraqui Parbin , Chakraborty Tapash , Das Malay K. , Yadav R.N.S
Published: December 2019

Topical application of antimicrobials at the site of infection offer greater advantages as compared to systemic therapy. The present study reports for the first time, the in vivo wound healing potential of an herbal antimicrobial gel containing pure bioactive leaf extract of Cassia alata L. The methanolic leaf extract exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against the tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 9542) and fungi (Candida albicans MTCC 4842) due to the presence of alcohol and ketone containing bioactive moieties. A 1% (w/w) bioactive leaf extract based-hydrogel was formulated and evaluated for its wound healing potential in rat model with surgical site infection in the dorsal area. This herbal gel significantly enhanced the wound healing as assessed by the contraction of wound length and bio burden characteristics compared to the marketed antimicrobial formulations.  The formulated herbal gel could find use as very promising and innovative topical alternative for the treatment of skin infections caused by bacteria as well as fungal strains without hazard to human health based on the fact of its traditional use by the Assamese people with no toxic effects.   
Keywords: Cassia alata L.; methanolic leaf extracts; antimicrobial gel; antibacterial; antifungal; wound healing
Extraction, Phytochemical Screening, Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Extract of the plant Euphorbia Thymifolia Linn
Authors: Shrivastava Rashmi , Mishra Jyotsana
Published: December 2019

Medicinal plants play an important role in the development of potent therapeutic agents. Plant based drugs provide outstanding contribution to modern therapeutics as a source of many valuable secondary metabolites which serves as plant defense mechanisms against predator such as microorganism, insects and herbivores which have been proved to be potentially active compounds. Euphorbia Thymifolia Linn (E. Thymifolia) is commonly known as ‘duddi’ or in Sanskrit means Laghu didhika or Raktavindaka. It belongs to the family Euphorbiceae. This plant is bitter, acrid, sweet and used as thermogenic, laxative and diuretic. This plant is widely used in the ayurveda to cure many diseases like vitiated condition of constipation, helminthiasis and ringworm skin diseases and leprosy. The aim of the present study is to examine E.Thymifolia Linn whole plant for phytochemical profile, Isolation and Identification of bioactive compounds. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents was determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Isolation and characterization of bioactive compound from methanolic extract of E. Thymifolia has been conducted. The bioactive compound from methanolic extracts was isolated by several processes, such as TLC, column chromatography and preparative TLC. The isolated bioactive compound is identified by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FT-IR, 1H, 13C-NMR and Mass. The obtained compound is continued to the preparative TLC using chloroform: methanol (50:50, v/v) as eluent. The UV-Vis spectrum showed one peaks of maximum absorbance at 312.8nm. Then, the FT-IR spectrum showed several peaks that confirmed the presence of functional group of derivative of compound, i.e. 669.05, 928.58, 1070.85, 1215.51 and 1710.07cm-1. 1H and 13C-NMR spectrum confirmed the bioactive compound present in plant. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, tannins. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries.

Keywords: Euphorbia Thymifolia, Qualitative phytochemical, Isolation, Bioactive compounds
Antiarthritic activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Moringa concanensis Nimmo leaves against FCA induced rheumatic arthritis in rats
Authors: Ramaswamy Malathi , Solaimuthu Chandrasekar , Duraikannu Sivakumar
Published: December 2019

Background and Objective: The rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune disease and it is a major health issues among the peoples in worldwide. People affected by rheumatism have double risk of heart disease, lungs and chest infections, which causes 10-20% of deaths in individuals. The present research work was aimed to evaluate the antiarthritic potential of synthesized silver nanoparticles from the aqueous extract of M.concanensis leaves.
Material and Methods: The arthritis was induced by complete freund’s adjuvant method and the rats was treated with synthesized silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of M.concanensis leaves. The body weight, paw volume, hematological parameters, liver function marker enzymes and the renal function markers of the arthritic rats and nanoparticles treated rats was analyzed by the standard methods.
Results: The results of the present study were made the new findings in antiarthritic activity of silver nanoparticles from M.concanensis leaves. The nanoparticles showed a noteworthy antiarthritic activity against FCA induced rheumatoid arthritis in experimental rats.
Conclusion: Based on the above results, it was concluded as the present work are states the better understand on the antiarthritic activity of silver nanoparticles of Moringa concanensis Nimmo leaves.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of pyrazole derivatives containing ethanone skeleton as Anti-inflammatory agents
Authors: MISHRA KHUSHBOO , Jain S. K. , Singour P. K.
Published: December 2019

Current research had focused on the synthesis of the novel pyrazole ethanone linked compounds with improved biological activity. In this synthetic process 1st step was to synthesize the intermediate chalcone and 2nd step was the synthesis of final compound pyrazole derivative containing ethanone moiety. This procedure is the type of cyclization reaction using proton transfer mechanism.  By using this method 8 derivatives synthesized.  After synthesis these were subjected to identification tests by using various methods like melting point study, thin layer chromatography, solubility study and characterization by using UV, IR and NMR Spectroscopy.

Keywords: Selective COX-2 inhibitor, anti-inflammatory, pyrazole ethanone linked compounds, pyrazole derivatives, inflammation
Study of Antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus emblica and its role in Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Shah Pratibha Jinesh , Malik Ruchi
Published: December 2019

Objective: Phyllanthus emblica L. or amla is known for its therapeutic properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract (APE) against eight pathogenic cultures and its application in green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Methods: APE was screened for the presence of phytochemicals and its antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was quantified by broth macrodilution technique, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined. Further, APE was used in the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were characterized by an Ultraviolet–visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy and Field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) techniques. The antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was screened by agar well diffusion assay.
Results: The zone of inhibition (ZOI) for APE was found to be in the range of 10.7–21.3 mm, for varying concentrations. The MIC values were in the range of 12.5% - 50% (v/v) and the MBC values indicated that a concentration of 50% (v/v) APE could kill 75% (6/8) test cultures. The presence of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-VIS spectroscopy and the surface-plasmon resonance peak was observed at 420 nm. The FEG-SEM analysis revealed that the most of AgNPs were spherical in shape and had 30-40 nm size range. All the test cultures were inhibited by the AgNPs and the average ZOI measured 19.25±2.7 mm.
Conclusion: Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract might have therapeutic significance against pathogens and it can be used for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Keywords: Phyllanthus emblica, MIC, MBC, silver nanoparticles, UV-VIS, FEG-SEM.
Formulation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Cilnidipine for the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Bhalerao Aparna , Chaudhari Pankaj Prakash
Published: December 2019

Cilinidipine is a fourth generation N and L-type calcium channel antagonists used alone or in combination with another drug to treat hypertension. Cilnidipine is poorly water -soluble, BCS class II drug with 6 to 30 percent oral bioavailability due to first pass metabolism. So to protect the drug from degradation and improve its dissolution, solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared. Glyceryl monostearate was selected as lipid while span 20: tween 20 were selected as surfactant blends. The formulations were evaluated for various parameters, as percent transmittance, drug content, percent encapsulation efficiency; percent drug loading, In vitro drug release and particle size. Optimized formulation was lyophilized using lactose as a cryo-protectant. The lyophilized formulation was evaluated for micromeritic properties, particle size and in vitro dissolution. It was further evaluated for DSC, XRD, and SEM. Percent encapsulation efficiency and percent drug loading of optimized formulation (F3) were 78.66percent and 9.44percent respectively. The particle size of F3 formulation without drug was 204 nm and with the drug was 214 nm. The particle size of the reconstituted SLN was 219 nm. In DSC study, no obvious peaks for cilnidipine were found in the SLN of cilnidipine indicated that the cilnidipine must be present in a molecularly dissolved state in SLN. In X-ray diffractometry absence of peaks representing crystals of cilnidipine in SLN indicated that the drug was in an amorphous or disordered crystalline phase in the lipid matrix. Thus, solid lipid nanoparticle formulation is a promising way to enhance the dissolution rate of cilnidipine.
Keywords: Cilnidipine, Solid Lipid Nanoparticle, Hypertension
Política Pública, Universidad y envejecimiento; achicando la brecha. La cuestión de los Hogares para personas adultas mayores en Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz
Authors: Stettler Loreli , Oyarzo Valeria del Carmen , Ojeda Sara , Ivanissevich María Laura
Published: December 2019

La concepción de la universidad pública como actor social y la  reflexión  del  envejecimiento  como  un  presente  continuo  en  la existencia  humana  y  como  una  cuestión  tan  personal  como  socio-comunitaria,  han conducido un trabajo con resultados concretos como la sanción de un Ordenanza municipal y la organización de un congreso académico. La incidencia en la política pública y la inmersión en el terreno de los Hogares que cobijan personas adultas mayores son mostradas como una unidad con la investigación científica-técnica.
Parameter regimes for surpassing the PLOB bound with error-corrected qudit repeaters
Authors: Miller Daniel , Holz Timo , Kampermann Hermann , Bruß Dagmar
Published: December 2019

A potential quantum internet would open up the possibility of realizing numerous new applications, including provably secure communication. Since losses of photons limit long-distance, direct quantum communication and wide-spread quantum networks, quantum repeaters are needed. The so-called PLOB-repeaterless bound [Pirandola et al., Nat. Commun. 8, 15043 (2017)] is a fundamental limit on the quantum capacity of direct quantum communication. Here, we analytically derive the quantum-repeater gain for error-corrected, one-way quantum repeaters based on higher-dimensional qudits for two different physical encodings: Fock and multimode qudits. We identify parameter regimes in which such quantum repeaters can surpass the PLOB-repeaterless bound and systematically analyze how typical parameters manifest themselves in the quantum-repeater gain. This benchmarking provides a guideline for the implementation of error-corrected qudit repeaters.
TOURIST PERCEPTION OF TANJUNG DURIAT ECOTOURISM JATIGEDE RESERVOIR AREA SUMEDANG REGENCY
Authors: Algiffary Naufal , Djuwendah Endah
Published: December 2019

Jatigede Reservoir has eight attractive tourism potential to be visited by tourists who want to vacation in Sumedang Regency. One of the tourist attractions in the Jatigede Reservoir area that is often visited by tourists is Tanjung Duriat. In 2018 tourists visiting Tanjung Duriat experienced a drastic decline. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of tourists visiting the Tanjung Duriat Tourism Center to be a material consideration to improve the quality of tourism facilities and increase the number of tourists coming. The design used is quantitative. The results of the study showed that most tourists from Tanjung Duriat Tourism came from outside the Sumedang Regency, male sex between the ages of 20-29 years with education. The graduate worked as an employee and had income above Rp. 3,000,000.00. Most of the visitors who come to Tanjung Duriat Tourism Center for vacation because this place is interesting to visit and the ticket price for admission is moderate, which means it is not expensive or not cheap. Most visitors budget for recreation costs to come to Tanjung Duriat Tourism Center below than Rp. 200,000.00. Almost all visitors who come with family use their transportation. Most visitors come to Tanjung Duriat Tourism Center for the first time and are interested in visiting again. The visitor's perception of the Tanjung Duriat Tourism Wana object can be concluded well. Although the tourists were unhappy with the road conditions that were considered harmful, the perceptions of the tourists towards the entire Wana Wisata object were considered good so that they could cover up the shortcomings.
Сombined method of determining vertical refraction correction for electronic tacheometry
Authors: Vshivkova O.V. , Reshetilo S.Y.
Published: December 2019

This article deals with issue of the vertical refraction effect on the results of trigonometric levelling. The possible affecting the results of EDM levelling by refraction is evaluated. A brief review of methods of correcting the refraction influence is executed. The conclusion is drawn that the accuracy capabilities of refraction correction methods lag behind the level of development of geodetic equipment. As a possible solution of the refraction account problem, a combined method is proposed. This way is based on a geodetic model of the atmosphere and complex gradient meteorological and geodetic measurements. The results of these measurements are the data for calculating the model parameters. The combined use of meteorological and geodetic measurements at several levels enables minimizing the volume of additional measurements, provides the determination of the refraction angle with geodetic accuracy. The results of field experiment are presented. They proved the actuality of the algorithm implementing the combined method of vertical refraction correction calculating, and made an opportunity of working out the proposed way methodically.
Analytical application of the reaction system disulphonated hydroquinone-hydrogen peroxide for the kinetic spectrophotometric determination of iron traces in acidic media
Authors: Tosic Snezana , Mitic Snezana , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Pecev-Marinkovic Emilija , Kostic Danijela , Rancic Sofija
Published: December 2019

A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective kinetic spectrophotometric method for determination of Fe(III) traces was elaborated in this paper. It is based on the catalytic effect of Fe(III) ions on oxidation of potassium salt of disulphonated hydroquinone (K2S2Hy) by hydrogen peroxide in acidic media, at a constant ionic strength. At the working temperature of 20?C and the wavelength of 450.0 nm, optimal conditions for determination of iron were found so that iron (III) can be determined by the proposed method in the concentration range of 1.87 to 18.7 ng cm-3. Corresponding RSD values were determined to be in the range 4.22 to 10.33 %. The limit of detection (LOD) calculated in two ways was found to be 1.07 ng cm-3 i.e. 1.11 ng cm-3 Fe(III). In order to assess the selectivity of the method effects of different ions on the reaction rate were also determined. It was found that presence of oxalates and citrates in the w/w ratio to Fe(III) 1:1 under selected experimental conditions interferes with determination of iron. Then the method was applied for determination of Fe(III) traces in white radish juice. The results agreed well with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry.
The use of PWHM and Mie methods in estimation of colloidal silver particle size obtained by chemical precipitation with sodium borohydride
Authors: Barbir Damir , Dabic Pero , Mehes Mario
Published: December 2019

Unique antibacterial properties of silver have been known since the time of Egyptian pharaohs. With the discovery of antibiotics at the beginning of the twentieth century, silver is mostly pushed out from conventional medicine. However, with the excessive use of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant super bacteria have appeared. Therefore, there is an increased interest in studying the antibacterial effects of colloidal silver. In this paper, the influence of various concentrations of silver nitrate on formation of colloidal silver particles in the solution was investigated. Colloidal silver was prepared by a chemical precipitation method using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. As influence factors, color of the solution, Tyndall effect, UV/Vis absorption, and nanoparticle size estimated by PWHM (Peak Width at Half Maximum) and Mie methods were used. By increasing the silver concentration, color of the solution ranged from light yellow to dark yellow. All solutions showed Tyndall's effect equally. By the UV/Vis analysis it was found that the solutions absorbed radiation in the wavelength range 390-402 nm, and the intensity increased with increasing silver nitrate concentrations. By the PWHM and Mie methods silver nanoparticle sizes were estimated in the range 12-20 nm.
Something Phish-y is Going On Here: A Teaching Case on Business Email Compromise
Authors: Bakarich Kathleen M. , Baranek Devon
Published: December 2019

This case utilizes a real-world example of a cyberfraud incident at a U.S. public company. The company was the victim of a Business Email Compromise (BEC) scheme in which an employee inadvertently wired millions of dollars to fraudulent accounts based upon email instructions purportedly sent by a company executive and external legal counsel. This is a timely and important issue to examine given its rising prevalence and magnitude in the corporate world. The case allows students to examine a topic (phishing techniques and email scams) which they are likely to be familiar with on a conceptual level, through the lens of internal controls and auditing. Examining the case information, SEC filings and articles from the business press, students will gain an understanding of internal control issues related to BEC and critically think of ways to remediate or implement controls to reduce cybersecurity risk. Students will research PCAOB, AICPA and SEC policies regarding cyberfraud disclosure and the auditor's role in cybersecurity. They will gain an understanding of the financial and nonfinancial impact of BEC on corporations. The case also requires students to consider the growing responsibilities of auditors related to technology and its associated risks.
Genetic Discrimination Between LADA and Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Within the MHC
Authors: Mishra Rajashree , Åkerlund Mikael , Cousminer Diana L. , Ahlqvist Emma , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Chesi Alessandra , Hodge Kenyaita M. , Guy Vanessa C. , Brillon David J. , Pratley Richard E. , Rickels Michael R. , Vella Adrian , Ovalle Fernando , Harris Ronald I. , Melander Olle , Varvel Stephen , Hakonarson Hakon , Froguel Phillippe , Lonsdale John T. , Mauricio Didac , Schloot Nanette C. , Khunti Kamlesh , Greenbaum Carla J. , Yderstræde Knud B. , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Voight Benjamin F. , Schwartz Stanley , Boehm Bernhard O. , Groop Leif , Leslie Richard David , Grant Struan F.A.
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE

The MHC region harbors the strongest loci for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA); however, the strength of association is likely attenuated compared with that for childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. In this study, we recapitulate independent effects in the MHC class I region in a population with type 1 diabetes and then determine whether such conditioning in LADA yields potential genetic discriminators between the two subtypes within this region.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Chromosome 6 was imputed using SNP2HLA, with conditional analysis performed in type 1 diabetes case subjects (n = 1,985) and control subjects (n = 2,219). The same approach was applied to a LADA cohort (n = 1,428) using population-based control subjects (n = 2,850) and in a separate replication cohort (656 type 1 diabetes case, 823 LADA case, and 3,218 control subjects).

RESULTS

The strongest associations in the MHC class II region (rs3957146, β [SE] = 1.44 [0.05]), as well as the independent effect of MHC class I genes, on type 1 diabetes risk, particularly HLA-B*39 (β [SE] = 1.36 [0.17]), were confirmed. The conditional analysis in LADA versus control subjects showed significant association in the MHC class II region (rs3957146, β [SE] = 1.14 [0.06]); however, we did not observe significant independent effects of MHC class I alleles in LADA.

CONCLUSIONS

In LADA, the independent effects of MHC class I observed in type 1 diabetes were not observed after conditioning on the leading MHC class II associations, suggesting that the MHC class I association may be a genetic discriminator between LADA and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.
Performance of the ESC 0/1-h and 0/3-h Algorithm for the Rapid Identification of Myocardial Infarction Without ST-Elevation in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Haller Paul M. , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Neumann Johannes T. , Sörensen Nils A. , Hartikainen Tau S. , Goßling Alina , Nestelberger Thomas , Twerenbold Raphael , Lehmacher Jonas , Keller Till , Zeller Tanja , Blankenberg Stefan , Mueller Christian , Westermann Dirk
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have elevated levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn). We investigated the diagnostic performance of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) algorithms to rule out or rule in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without ST-elevation in patients with DM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We prospectively enrolled 3,681 patients with suspected AMI and stratified those by the presence of DM. The ESC 0/1-h and 0/3-h algorithms were used to calculate negative and positive predictive values (NPV, PPV). In addition, alternative cutoffs were calculated and externally validated in 2,895 patients.

RESULTS

In total, 563 patients (15.3%) had DM, and 137 (24.3%) of these had AMI. When the ESC 0/1-h algorithm was used, the NPV was comparable in patients with and without DM (absolute difference [AD] −1.50 [95% CI −5.95, 2.96]). In contrast, the ESC 0/3-h algorithm resulted in a significantly lower NPV in patients with DM (AD −2.27 [95% CI −4.47, −0.07]). The diagnostic performance for rule-in of AMI (PPV) was comparable in both groups: 0/1-h (AD 6.59 [95% CI −19.53, 6.35]) and 0/3-h (AD 8.82 [95% CI −1.08, 18.73]). Alternative cutoffs increased the PPV in both algorithms significantly, while improvements in NPV were only subtle.

CONCLUSIONS

Application of the ESC 0/1-h algorithm revealed comparable safety to rule out AMI comparing patients with and without DM, while this was not observed with the ESC 0/3-h algorithm. Although alternative cutoffs might be helpful, patients with DM remain a high-risk population in whom identification of AMI is challenging and who require careful clinical evaluation.
Risk of Psychiatric Disorders and Suicide Attempts in Emerging Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Robinson Marie-Eve , Simard Marc , Larocque Isabelle , Shah Jai , Nakhla Meranda , Rahme Elham
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE

To determine the longitudinal risks of psychiatric disorders in adolescents and emerging adults with versus without diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Quebec, Canada, using linked health administrative databases of adolescents (age 15 years) with and without diabetes and without prior psychiatric disorders between 1997 and 2015, followed to age 25 years.

RESULTS

Our cohort included 3,544 individuals with diabetes and 1,388,397 without diabetes. Individuals with diabetes were more likely to suffer from a mood disorder (diagnosed in the emergency department or hospital) (adjusted hazard ratio 1.33 [95% CI 1.19–1.50]), attempt suicide (3.25 [1.79–5.88]), visit a psychiatrist (1.82 [1.67–1.98]), and experience any type of psychiatric disorder (1.29 [1.21–1.37]) compared with their peers without diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

Between the ages of 15 and 25 years, the risks of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts were substantially higher in adolescents and emerging adults with versus without diabetes.