bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective effect of sea urchins (Diadema savignyi) extract in an animal model of aluminum neurotoxicity
Authors: Zagloul Rofida , Khalil Eman A. , Ezzelarab Nada M. , Abdellatif Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Human exposure to heavy metals causes major health consequences. Aluminum (Al) toxicity primarily affects the brain and has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. Natural products offer a cheap and safe source of protective agents against heavy metal toxicity. This study investigates the neuroprotective role of the shell extract (SH) from the Sea urchin (Diadema savignyi) collected from the Red Sea in an Aluminum-induced neurotoxicity model.

Aluminum (Al, 250 µg/ml) caused cell death in a dose-dependent manner on neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The shell extract (50, 100, and 200 µg/ml) improved cell viability of the neuroblastoma cells. In vivo, toxicity assessment showed that Aluminum administration increased the levels of blood Urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes. Treatment with Shell extract reversed the levels back to normal.

Oxidative stress assessment in vitro and in vivo showed that Al caused an increase in Nitric Oxide (NO) concentration and a significant reduction in Catalase and Glutathione (GSH) activity. Treatment with Shell extract (SH) improved these changes.

Microscopic examination of the cerebral cortex showed that Aluminum-treated animals had significant neuronal damage, as evidenced by the degenerated neurons and increased apoptosis marker Caspase 3. There was also an increase in glial activation seen by an increase in the expression of Glial fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). Treatment with Shell extract (100 and 200 µg/kg) showed neuroprotective effects all over cortical layers with minimal neuronal degenerative changes.

The current work proves the potential antitoxic and neuroprotective properties of Sea Urchins (Diadema savignyi) extract as a cheap and safe therapeutic alternative against heavy metal toxicity.
Evaluating machine learning-predicted subsurface properties via seismic data reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Tao , Di Haibin , Abubakar Aria
Published: July 2024

In recent years, machine-learning (ML) approaches have gained significant attention in seismic-based subsurface property estimation problems. However, because of the data-driven nature of these methods, it is challenging to evaluate the quality of the estimated properties in regions without ground-truth data. In this paper, we discuss evaluating the quality of ML-predicted subsurface properties through ML-based seismic data reconstruction. We use a deep-learning workflow to reconstruct the poststack seismic data, then use the misfit between the measured data and the reconstructed data as a proxy for the quality of ML-predicted subsurface properties. We also use self-supervised learning to improve the model generalization when training the deep-learning model for reconstruction. Our method is particularly valuable for subsurface properties without direct physical relation to seismic data. We provide synthetic and field data examples to demonstrate the consistency of our method.
Fast computation of local dips using the one-lag-correlation method
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Luo Yi , Liu Yujin , Fu Liyun
Published: July 2024

We adapt the one-lag-correlation (OLC) method to estimate the local dips of seismic events. The resulting local dips have extensive applications in exploration geophysics, such as seismic inversion regularization, computation of seismic attributes such as coherence cube, and facilitating structural-oriented smoothing and extrapolation techniques. Compared with the widely adopted structure tensor (ST) method, our OLC algorithm exhibits notable advantages. The OLC method uses a recursive calculation process that yields significant computational efficiency, resulting in approximately 100 times faster performance for 3D scenarios. The fundamental principle of this novel approach lies in the computation of local dips by using the ratio of two inner products, i.e., OLC, performed on a 2D/3D array along the vertical and horizontal axes, respectively. Crucially, the elements of this array consist of complex numbers derived from the application of the Hilbert transform on the corresponding real-number inputs. Furthermore, the implementation of this algorithm is remarkably straightforward, as exemplified by the concise nature of the code, which requires only ten lines of programming instructions. The OLC method excels in accuracy, surpassing the performance of the ST method, and is more robust to random noise. We show these properties of the OLC approach using synthetic and field data examples.
A case-history tutorial describing the incorporation of geophysical, petrophysical and geological constraints to generate realistic geological models of the Matheson Study Area, Ontario
Authors: Della Justina Fabiano , Smith Richard S. , Vayavur Rajesh
Published: July 2024

The model that is used to explain potential-field data is highly dependent on the constraints applied in the modelling process. Many studies demonstrate the necessity of constraining gravity and magnetic models. However, typically they do not demonstrate the individual enhancements that come as a consequence of integrating each constraint into the geophysical model. In this paper, we show that when there are no constraints, it is possible to find an inverse model that is consistent with gravity data, but the model is unrealistic, as one sedimentary basin is too deep. Adding a depth weighting constraint can ensure the depth is correct, but all other features have the same depth, which is unrealistic. Including densities from a density compilation makes the densities at surface realistic, but the dips are all close to vertical and the thicknesses are similar, which is unrealistic. In this case, the inversion is believed to have found a local minimum close to the starting model. Reflection seismic data was used to constrain a two-dimensional (2D) modeling exercise (on multiple profiles) to determine the geometry of one sedimentary sub-basin. These 2D models were then combined to build a realistic three-dimensional (3D) starting model. An inversion from this model fixed the densities of each lithology, but allowed the thicknesses of the layers to vary. The resulting model was realistic, with the dips and thicknesses away from the seismic constraints being consistent with geological expectations. Although the fit to the data was much better than the previous model, it was poorer than hoped. If the densities were then allowed to vary within a realistic range of values, the fit could be improved so that both the fit to the data and the geologic model are realistic.
A Quantitative Study of How Effective the Transformed Gravity Gradient Tensor is for Subway Tunnel Imaging
Authors: Zhang Gang , Jia Zhengyuan , Zhang Mengting , Jiang Guoming , Niu Tingting , Zhang Guibin
Published: July 2024

We investigate the efficacy of spatial frequency filtering in improving gravity inversion when gravity gradient data are unavailable. The technique simulates gravity gradient data from gravity readings by extracting distinct frequency components. Previous research shows that the joint inversion of gravity and gradient data derives accurate density models. Given the lack of gradient instruments, the potential of frequency filtering to enhance inversions is explored. A series of inversion experiments are conducted using synthetic and field-measured gravity data. The research aims to determine if filtered gradient data, transformed from gravity data, can enhance inversion results compared to using gravity alone. Synthetic models assess the filter, showing that low-pass filtering at an optimal cutoff enhances the correlation between transformed and forward-modeled gradient components. Inversions using transformed gradients consistently outperform those with only gravity. Component combinations and cutoff wavelengths must be optimized to achieve the best reconstruction. Applying the method to Beijing subway tunnel gravity readings, gravity and transformed Uzz gradient data are combined to detail underground double tunnels. The information agrees with engineering data, validating the approach for improving inversions, especially for shallow, large targets. This work establishes the practicality of frequency filtering when direct gradients cannot be measured, contributing valuable insights into better characterizing geology through enhanced inversion. Findings imply improved interpretation; particularly where gradient acquisition proves difficult.
FWI-WF: Robust full-waveform inversion using hybrid Wasserstein-1 and Fourier metrics
Authors: Wang Linrong , Min Fan , Pan Shulin , Song Guojie , Tan Leting , Wang Ke
Published: July 2024

The performance of full-waveform inversion (FWI) in constructing high-resolution subsurface models is closely related to the design of mismatch functions. The least-squares norm ([Formula: see text]) is commonly used; however, it is prone to local minima when high-quality initial guess and low-frequency data are unavailable. The Wasserstein-1 ([Formula: see text]) metric captures time shifts more effectively, but it may be plagued by imprecise deep structures. The Fourier metric leverages power spectra from simulated and observed data, offering higher-resolution updates near solutions. We develop a progressive waveform inversion method called FWI-WF using [Formula: see text] and Fourier metrics. Specifically, in the early stage of inversion, we apply greater weight to the [Formula: see text] metric for constructing a good background model and avoiding falling into local minima. Then, the Fourier metric gradually dominates to refine edges and deep structures, providing high-resolution inversion results. During the optimization process, we use automatic differentiation to improve inversion efficiency. Experimental results on three baseline geologic models indicate that FWI-WF outperforms three state-of-the-art methods.
A petrophysically driven seismic inversion method for the total organic carbon content of source rocks
Authors: Xiao Zhangbo , Lin Heming , Zhang Weiwei , Luo Ming , Wang Xudong , Zhang Zhiwei
Published: July 2024

Organic carbon content is the main index for evaluating organic matter abundance of source rocks, and it is still difficult to quantitatively predict total organic carbon (TOC) in source rocks based on seismic data. The study of seismic fluid identification driven by petrophysics can help to understand the fluid characteristics and distribution patterns of subsurface oil and gas reservoirs. First, this paper clarifies the sweet spot parameters (parameters characterizing hydrocarbon enrichment) and sensitive elastic parameters (a parameter characterizing the nature of an ideal elastic body) of source rocks through theoretical petrophysical modeling. Next, the paper establishes the relationship between sensitive elastic parameters and sweet spot parameters TOC and constructs a statistical petrophysical model that can characterize the relationship between the two on this basis. And then we construct the joint distribution of TOC and elastic impedance through the Bayesian theoretical framework to obtain the maximum posterior probability estimate as the final TOC inversion results of source rocks. Our method successfully predicts the spreading of high-quality source rocks in the Wen4 Section of Lufeng 13 Subsag, and the inversion results are within an uncertainty range of ±14 m for well data, which proves the reliability of the method. The prediction results show that the organic matter abundance of source rocks in the Wen4 Section is high, and the organic carbon content is generally higher than 2%, which provides a reliable basis for the further implementation of the resource scale of the depression and the clarification of the hydrocarbon-rich area, which provides technical support for the evaluation of the source rocks of the new depression in the new area.
Seismic reflection data interpretation and petrophysical evaluation of the Meyal area, the Potwar Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Pervaiz Manawar , Wang Yanfei
Published: July 2024

Despite extensive exploration efforts in the Potwar Basin, a thorough understanding of the structural framework and reservoir characteristics within the Meyal Field remains critical for pinpointing potential hydrocarbon zones. This study aims to integrate geology and geophysics to emphasize the structural and stratigraphic interpretation of the Meyal Field, including reservoir characterization using seismic and well-log data. The seismic interpretation of six seismic lines focuses on four key reflectors: the Kamlial, Chorgali, Sakesar, and Salt Range Formations. The Eocene Chorgali and Sakesar Formations are of primary importance for exploration and production. Structural analysis revealed that the Meyal anticline is a plunging structure bounded by a back thrust to the north and a fore thrust to the south, suggesting a favorable location for hydrocarbon accumulation. Time-depth contour maps derived from seismic data further delineate potential sites for future investigations. The well correlation indicated an uplift toward the Meyal-2 compared with Meyal-5, signifying a shallowing trend attributed to thrust tectonics. This tectonic regime has rendered the area highly prospective for hydrocarbon exploration, with thrusting and oblique-slip faulting enhancing the reservoir qualities of Eocene Formations. The petrophysical evaluation revealed favorable reservoir characteristics, including an average porosity ranging from 0% to 12% with an effective porosity of approximately 7.5%, water saturation up to 42%, and hydrocarbon saturation reaching 58% within the pay zone of the reservoir. These findings suggest that the Sakesar and Chorgali Formations within the Meyal oil field hold promise as productive hydrocarbon reservoirs. The integrated study provides valuable insights into the structural framework and reservoir characterization, highlighting the potential of the Eocene Formations as productive hydrocarbon reservoirs supported by favorable structural configurations and petrophysical properties.
Poisson’s ratio-LambdaRho rock-physics templates and a study on sensitivity of different fluid indicators
Authors: Menlikli Cem , Hayes Fearghal , Zhao Jiaqi , Wakelin Andrew , Xu Zhigang , Fan Hongyao , Umbsaar Don , Wilkinson Kent , Lomas Kristian , Purcell Chris
Published: July 2024

Seismic fluid indicators are highly accurate when calibrated, but when the data is scarce, an interpreter must choose between different indicators. We investigate the data from multiple basins to understand the most effective fluid indicators for use. Unlike previous studies, the data comprises a large, equal, and statistically meaningful number of hydrocarbon and brine sands from different basins. We show that Poisson’s ratio-LambdaRho templates can be used to separate different facies in synthetic and real data and can be used as a useful crossplot interpretation tool. We develop a fluid indicator, as LambdaRho Poisson’s ratio multiplication [Formula: see text], which is highly sensitive to saturation and can be potentially used as a fizz-gas discriminator. We compare the sensitivity of different fluid indicators to hydrocarbon saturation by using Bhattacharyya distance, which provides a quantitative metric for how well different indicators separate hydrocarbon and brine sands, and it is a nonparametric measure unlike other fluid indicator scores developed in similar studies. Absolute properties derived from seismic by inversion are rarely available in regional studies, whereas relative elastic properties can be easily obtained and used. Following the concepts of elastic reflectivity vectors and geometry of intercept-gradient crossplots, we show how the reflectivity of different fluid indicators can be approximated from amplitude variation with offset (AVO) parameters at various chi ([Formula: see text]) angles, enabling an interpreter to use them even when inversion products are not available. Finally, we compare the effectiveness of relative elastic parameters on different AVO classes and show that no single attribute works best across all classes but for general screening purposes fluid factor and [Formula: see text] can be good choices. The findings of this study can help better characterization of fluids in exploration, appraisal, and development of hydrocarbons, and in other areas where monitoring produced and injected fluids is important like 4D seismic or carbon capture storage.
Sharing the Burden: The Case for Definitive Local Therapy in Place of Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Patients With a Low-Volume Burden of Metastatic Disease
Authors: Lynch Connor , Arshad Muzamil , Katipally Rohan R. , Pitroda Sean P. , Weichselbaum Ralph R.
Published: July 2024

Commentary: Sharing the burden of low-volume metastatic cancer between ICB and local treatments,
Postoperative Sedation in General Care Wards: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Weingarten Toby N. , Deljou Atousa , Friedman Kyle E. , Lindhart Madeline L. , Schulz Arielle N. , Lau Sirimas , Schroeder Darrell R. , Sprung Juraj
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

We hypothesized that deeper sedation in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) increases the risk of subsequent sedation in general care wards (ward sedation) and that patients with ward sedation have more postoperative adverse events than those without ward sedation.

METHODS:

We reviewed the health records of adult patients who underwent procedures with general anesthesia at Mayo Clinic from May 5, 2018, through December 31, 2020, and were discharged from the PACU to the general care ward. Patient groups were dichotomized as with ward sedation (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale [RASS], ≤–2) and without ward sedation (RASS, ≥–1) within the first 24 hours after PACU discharge. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between clinical variables and ward sedation.

RESULTS:

A total of 23,766 patients were included in our analysis, of whom 1131 had ward sedation (incidence, 4.8 [Poisson 95% confidence interval, CI, 4.5–5.0]) per 100 patients after general anesthesia. Half of the ward sedation episodes occurred within 32 minutes after PACU discharge. The risk of ward sedation increased with the depth of PACU sedation. The odds ratios (95% CI) of ward sedation for patients with a PACU RASS score of –1 was 0.98 (0.75–1.27); –2, 1.87 (1.44–2.43); –3, 2.98 (2.26–3.93); and ≤–4, 3.97 (2.91–5.42). Adverse events requiring an emergency intervention occurred more often for patients with ward sedation (n = 92, 8.1%) than for those without ward sedation (n = 326, 1.4%; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Among patients who met our criteria for PACU discharge, deeper sedation during anesthesia recovery was associated with an increased risk of ward sedation. Patients who had ward sedation had worse outcomes than those without ward sedation.
Shadow of My Shadow
Authors: Doyle Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Over the course of two years, Jennifer Doyle filed multiple harassment complaints with her campus’s Title IX office and one with the Department of Labor. Her experiences with these complaints and how they subsequently impacted her life have led to this book, Shadow of My Shadow. Doyle tells her personal story, sharing how she lost her sense of voice, felt exposed at work, became distrustful of students and colleagues, and was consumed by grief. Working across autobiography, literary criticism, an analysis of the Larry Nassar Title IX case, and larger institutional critique of harassment administration, Doyle shows that harassment is both intimate, dynamic, and intensely social, flourishing in neglected social spaces. In her own case, it profoundly reshaped her relationship to her work, writing, and ultimately to herself. As Doyle explains, the experience drew out the distance between herself in the world and herself on the page. This book is her effort to understand and repair that breach and to consider how loss and grief can be sources of insight and compassion.
Women’s representation in higher leadership positions in Ethiopia in the last three decades since 1991
Authors: Chekol Degu Zeynie , Hadaro Hando Flimon
Published: July 2024

Gender equality in decision-making positions is crucial to achieving the goals of good governance, peace, democracy, and inclusive/sustainable development. The major aim of this research article is to investigate the representation trend of women in higher decision-making positions over the last thirty years, since 1991. The federal three organs of government (law formulating, law enforcing, and law interpreting bodies) were the focus of this research. This research is a mixed type of research that inculcates both qualitative and quantitative data types. Secondary data sources from relevant government institutions were mostly used. The data was analyzed through content analysis of documents and presented via descriptive data presenting techniques. The research findings reveal that although women’s representation in positions of decision-making has advanced considerably in recent years, the empirical data throughout the previous thirty years demonstrated the underrepresentation of women in higher leadership positions within the Ethiopian federal government. Furthermore, Women never held certain higher-level government leadership positions, such as the Prime Minister position, which seems to be forbidden for women. Women made up 23%, 19%, 19%, and 24% of the House of Peoples Representatives (HPR), the House of Federation (HoF), ministerial posts, and judicial bodies, respectively over the last three decades. Women are visibly underrepresented in the executive positions as compared to others. Thus, substantial policy and practical initiatives are needed to remove institutional, social, and economic barriers to boost women’s advanced visibility in senior leadership roles.
The Genesis of Auction Design in Online Advertising
Authors: Yudina O.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the genesis of design auctions, as well as their main tool, sponsored listing in online advertising, which is the most marginal option for capitalization of online marketing resources with a yield approaching a trillion dollars.

The purpose of the study was to study the genesis of online advertising, this trend and the content of its development. The tasks, historical stages and key features of the development of “sponsored listings” tools, which stand out non-trivially and are leading in the online advertising marketing market in direct relation to the user’s current online activity, are identified.

The final results of the study substantiate the importance of the compilation of Game Theory and auction design, the logical consequence of the synergy of which was the direct development of unique sponsored listing tools. The research is based on the analysis of foreign and Russian publications, as well as on the statistical conclusions of marketing data.
Borderlines of psychosis – nosological propositions of Polish psychiatrists of the interwar period
Authors: Kornaj Jan
Published: July 2024

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie zaproponowanych przez polskich psychiatrów dwudziestolecia międzywojennego kategorii nozologicznych odnoszących się do przypadków pogranicza psychozy z innymi jednostkami nozologicznymi, na tle rozwoju kategorii borderline w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Materiał badawczy zgromadzono dokonując przeglądu literatury. Przegląd źródeł pierwotnych obejmował polskie czasopisma psychiatryczne wydawane w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, podręczniki psychiatrii oraz monografie psychiatryczne. Materiał uzyskany ze źródeł pierwotnych został uzupełniony o informacje pochodzące ze źródeł wtórnych: wybranych publikacji dotyczących historii polskiej psychiatrii oraz historii kategorii borderline na świecie. W polskiej psychiatrii dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, kategorie nozologiczne odnoszące się do przypadków z pogranicza psychoz i nerwic zostały zaproponowane przez Adama Wizla, Maurycego Bornsztajna, Jana Nelkena i Władysława Mateckiego. Wizel przedstawił kategorię "schizofrenii niedorozwiniętej", Bornsztajn zaproponował kategorie aż dwie oryginalne kategorie: "schizothymia reactiva" oraz "schizofrenia hipochondryczna somatopsychiczna)". Nelken opisał kategorię "łagodnej schizofrenii", zaproponowaną przez moskiewską szkołę psychiatryczną Rosensteina. Matecki przedstawił kategorię "schizofrenii nerwicopodobnej (rzekomonerwicowej)". Julian Dretler, który badał problem pogranicza schizofrenii i psychozy maniakalno-depresyjnej, ukuł kategorię "psychozy mieszanej". Rozwój kategorii nozologicznych związanych z pograniczem psychozy w polskiej psychiatrii dwudziestolecia międzywojennego był próbą odpowiedzi na problemy związane z obecnymi w europejskiej psychiatrii tego okresu kategoriami schizoidu czy schizofrenii latentnej Bleulera. Zainteresowanie tym zagadnieniem w rodzimym środowisku psychiatrycznym wyprzedziło w czasie amerykańską debatę dotyczącą kategorii borderline, która rozpoczęła się dopiero po roku 1938. Podobnie jak w środowisku amerykańskim, wielu polskich psychiatrów zainteresowanych zagadnieniem kategorii pogranicznych było inspirowanych psychoanalizą. II wojna światowa i okres Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej doprowadziły do zapomnienia przestawionych kategorii, które ostatecznie nie wywarły znaczącego wpływu na rozwój psychiatrycznej nozologii.
The evolutionary and neurobiological attributes of consciousness: an update
Authors: Rybakowski Janusz , Rybakowski Filip
Published: July 2024

Świadomość najczęściej jest definiowana jako subiektywne poczucie przeżywania procesów psychicznych. Sam fenomen świadomości stanowił zawsze przedmiot wielkiego zainteresowania różnych dziedzin nauki, w tym psychiatrii, a w jego badania angażowały się najwybitniejsze umysły. Badania ostatnich lat przynoszą nowe dane na temat ewolucyjnych i neurobiologicznych atrybutów tego zjawiska. W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowane są koncepcje ewolucyjne świadomości sięgające do początków życia na naszej planecie przedstawione przez tak wybitnych uczonych jak Joseph LeDoux, Daniel Dennett, Antonio Damasio i Arthur Reber. Każdy z nich zagadnienie świadomości w aspekcie procesu ewolucji przedstawia w nieco odmienny sposób, aczkolwiek jest tu wiele cech wspólnych dotyczących kształtowania się układu nerwowego i życia psychicznego. W drugiej części omówiono natomiast nowe badania nad komponentami świadomości neurobiologicznymi i poznawczymi. Spośród licznych badaczy tych zagadnień wybrano dokonania dwóch autorów brytyjskich, takich jak Chris Frith oraz Anil Seth. Przedstawiono aspekty neuroanatomiczne i percepcyjne dotyczące zarówno poziomu jak i treści świadomości. Artykuł obok przedstawienia współczesnych koncepcji ewolucyjnych i neurobiologicznych świadomości, przybliża sylwetki wymienionych tutaj współczesnych prominentnych badaczy dziedziny „neuroscience”, który to termin można przetłumaczyć jako „neuronauka” choć w naszym kraju częściej używa się nazwy „neurobiologia”.
Polish standard of treatment with racemic ketamine for patients with depressive disorders developed by a Working Group appointed by the National Consultant in the field of psychiatry
Authors: Gałecki Piotr , Bliźniewska-Kowalska Katarzyna Maria , Cubała Wiesław Jerzy , Depukat Anna , Mosiołek Anna , Rybakowski Janusz , Samochowiec Jerzy , Sobolewski Bogusław , Szulc Agata , Dudek Dominika
Published: July 2024

Polski standard leczenia racemiczną ketaminą pacjentów z zaburzeniami depresyjnymi-
opracowany przez zespół roboczy powołany przez Konsultanta Krajowego w dziedzinie psychiatrii: Mimo szerokiej gamy dostępnych leków, aż 1/3 pacjentów z depresją nie odpowiada na standardowe leczenie przeciwdepresyjne, co rodzi potrzebę ciągłego poszukiwania nowych skutecznych i bezpiecznych metod terapii. W ostatnich latach ponownie uwagę wielu ekspertów zwróciła możliwa rola nadaktywności układu glutaminergicznego w etiopatogenezie depresji. Postulowano możliwość wykorzystania substancji o działaniu modulującym na układ glutaminergiczny w leczeniu zaburzeń depresyjnych m.in. znanego od lat anestetyku- ketaminy, będącej niekompetycyjnym antagonistą receptorów NMDA. Niniejsza praca podsumowuje wyniki badań dotyczących skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa stosowania ketaminy racemicznej (podawanej dożylnie) w leczeniu pacjentów z objawami depresyjnymi zarówno w przebiegu choroby afektywnej jedno- jak i dwubiegunowej, a także wychodząc naprzeciw oczekiwaniom wielu lekarzy psychiatrów praktyków, chcących poszerzyć wachlarz proponowanych swoim pacjentom metod terapii, przedstawia rekomendacje dotyczące wskazań, przeciwskazań, środków ostrożności oraz samego schematu leczenia ketaminą dożylną pacjentów z zaburzeniami nastroju.
Characterization of the competitive strength of men's artistic gymnastics in China
Authors: Cheng Guangxin , Yang Hechong
Published: July 2024

Introduction and purpose：The 2022 National Gymnastics Championships men's artistic gymnastics competition was examined and analyzed in order to assess the competitive strength of China's men's artistic gymnastics under the new regulations. The analysis included a review of China's men's artistic gymnastics problems and current performance status, as well as suggestions for strengthening the sport.
Materials and methods:Using the literature method—searching and analyzing through the CNKI, WOS, library, and other databases—as well as the observation method and mathematical and statistical techniques for statistical analysis of the athletes competing in the various regions and units, as well as field research and study methods involving video and on-site game observation—first-hand information was obtained for this paper's theoretical support.
Conclusions: men's artistic gymnastics in China is not developing regionally, with strong regions in the south and weak regions in the north, as well as strong and weak regions in the east and west;These disparities in the sport's development also affect athletes' overall competitive strength, with athletes in various sports having wide disparities in their scores and failing to create a supportive environment for competition, particularly in individual all-around , pommel horse, rings, and horizontal bars projects;Additionally, China's men's artistic gymnastics athletes' age structure needs to be further optimized. It is necessary to continue executing the preparatory plan of mending the short boards and strengthening the strong items.
Effectiveness and Safety of Antifibrotic Treatment in Pulmonary Fibrosis Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Martka Martyna Magdalena , Skorupska Marta , Aleksiej Andrzej , Popławska Natalia Aleksandra , Śliz Justyna , Czeczotka Magdalena Joanna , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: July 2024

Introduction and Objective.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stands as a chronic, systemic autoimmune inflammatory ailment. Lung involvement is one of the most common extra-articular manifestations of RA. Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (RA-ILD) is a severe, progressive disease leading to pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by deterioration of lung function, exacerbation of symptoms and typical radiological features, and early mortality.
Review methods and materials
This review utilized PubMed, Mendeley by using search terms such as pulmonary fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis nintedanib treatment, and pulmonary fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis pirfenidone treatment. All searches were verified by humans, duplicated results and unreliable have been rejected. In addition, case reports and previously established literature reviews were excluded from the review. We used all available original studies evaluating and comparing the efficacy and safety of anti-fibrotic drugs to create this review.
Brief description of the state of knowledge
In this review, we discuss therapeutic strategies for antifibrotic treatment involving nintedanib and pirfenidone. Furthermore, we compare the efficacy of both drugs, their influence on the extension of life, their safety profiles, and associated side effects based on research findings, and discuss the molecular mechanisms of their action.
 Summary
Clinical trials concerning RA-ILD showed that nintedanib and pirfenidone slow the rate of FVC decline in patients with RA-ILD. The safety profile observed in both drugs was similar simultaneously occurring mainly gastrointestinal symptoms. Both drugs have been approved for the RA-ILD treatment program, nevertheless in the current body of knowledge, it is not feasible to definitively determine which drug therapy should be initiated first, as their characteristics are notably similar.
Does diet influence the development and treatment of endometriosis? - A literature review
Authors: Szpyra Justyna , Gawlik Łukasz , Jagodowski Piotr , Golemo Jagna , Dębińska Julia , Ostojska Magdalena , Celichowska Magdalena , Górska Magdalena , Dziuba Gabriela , Bogoń Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

Introduction and objective:
Endometriosis is a chronic disease that can cause symptoms that significantly worsen the quality of life of patients. Treatment methods often fail to produce satisfactory results. Therefore, there is growing interest in the potential role of diet in prevention and management of endometriosis. The aim of the review is to analyze available scientific literature on the impact of diet on the development and alleviation of endometriosis symptoms and the possibility of its use in clinical practice.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
Both nutrient deficiencies and excesses can affect health, with gene-nutrient interactions playing a key role in disease prevention and progression. Nutrition can alter gene expression and disease susceptibility, making the study of diet's influence on gynecological diseases like endometriosis important. Research suggests dietary changes can improve symptoms and quality of life for patients with endometriosis.
Conclusions:
This study confirms that consuming or limiting some of the nutrients can reduce the risk of developing endometriosis and alleviate its symptoms. However, there are many contradictions in the research. The role of diet and nutrition in endometriosis still remains an unexplored area that requires further investigation.
Chronic fatigue syndrome related to herpes simplex viruses infection – a narrative review
Authors: Bieńkowski Kuba , Bielaska Albert , Wesołek-Bielaska Ewelina , Kołodziej Wojciech , Gałązka Jakub Krzysztof , Greszta Magdalena
Published: July 2024

This article reviews the potential impact of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). HSV-1 and HSV-2 are prevalent pathogens, with HSV-1 acquired early in life and HSV-2 typically transmitted sexually. Studies have shown an association between HSV and CFS, with HSV-1 detected in saliva and cerebrospinal fluid of CFS patients and elevated HSV-2 antibodies found in CFS patients. Immunological abnormalities, including increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, suggest immune dysregulation in CFS patients infected with HSV. HSV infections can also disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system, impacting energy metabolism regulation and contributing to CFS fatigue. Neuroinflammation, indicated by increased translocator protein binding in CFS patients' brains, may play a role in CFS symptoms. However, the mechanisms linking HSV to CFS and the contribution of viral-induced neuroinflammation are still unclear. Despite the evidence, understanding the complex interactions between HSV, immune responses, and other factors in CFS remains challenging. In conclusion, HSV, particularly HSV-1 and HSV-2, may contribute to CFS development. Further research is needed to unravel the mechanisms involved and identify potential therapeutic interventions.
The treatment of hyperphagia and obesity in Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Jastrzębska Ilona , Cuper Paulina , Kozicz Michał Andrzej , Bilecki Krzysztof , Gugulski Hubert , Bado Michał , Nowoświat Patrycja
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, in which the central clinical characteristics are hyperphagia and obesity. Obesity leads to higher mortality rates in PWS patients and thus, effective and safe treatment of hyperphagia and obesity in PWS individuals is an important aspect of PWS therapy.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to research both the new and the more standard treatment options of hyperphagia and obesity in PWS patients.
Methods and Materials: An extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed database. Only articles from the past 5 years were taken into consideration. The keywords used during the search were: prader willi syndrome, obesity, treatment.
Results: Our research showed that in the treatment of hyperphagia and obesity in PWS patients, health professionals may consider the use of pharmacological treatment options, surgery and neuromodulatory options. Moreover, physical activity and environmental control are beneficial in limiting caloric intake and improving body mass index. Furthermore, early diagnosis and thus starting treatment in early childhood are beneficial in preventing the progression of obesity. However, more research is needed to determine which treatment options are best suited for specific patients.
Eating disorders among professional athletes. A narrative review
Authors: Szewczyk Oliwia , Olek Ewa , Czarnecka Karolina , Korczak Anna , Burda Katarzyna , Wójcik Emilia , Łopacińska Olga , Stańczyk Katarzyna , Korn Aleksandra , Jędrzejczyk Justyna
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Eating disorders are potentially mortal health conditions affecting mostly young people. The reasons for that in general population are connected to  vulnerable self-image, following the current beauty standards and co-existing psychiatric comorbidities. Athletes may be in danger of developing a pathological eating pattern due to sport specific reasons such as higher scores related to thinner body.
Aim of study: The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between eating disorders in professional athletes’ population, evaluate causes and risk factors and to assess health consequences to eating disorder in sport.
Materials and methods: This article is based on the literature found in PubMed and Google Scholar Database with the use of keywords such as ”eating disorders”, “sport”, “athletes”, “anorexia nervosa in athletes”, “eating disorders in sport”, “disordered eating in sportsmen”, “female athletes”, “bulimia nervosa”, “binge eating”, “ED and sport”, “mental health and sport”, “consequences of eating disorders”, “sport education”.
Results: Investigation of available literature revealed the connection between developing eating disorder in professional athlete sample. The reasons behind it are mostly sports’ oriented and connected to the desire to achieve better results and perfectionism. However, developing an eating disorder results in worse sports’ performance, menstrual irregularity, lower bone mineral density, cardiovascular issues and can be potentially mortal.
Conclusion: Athletes are in danger of developing eating disorders. There should be a focus on  evaluating people in sport in terms of eating patterns, however available questionnaires are inefficient because players tend to underreport their problems. Coaches and families of the athletes need to be educated in the topic as they can recognize dangerous behaviors first.
From Genes to Gym: The Impact of Physical Exercise on Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kucharski Adam , Pilarski Konrad , Makuch Rafał , Chrościcka Alicja , Gała Kamil , Czajka Andrzej , Lenard Paweł , Michalska Sara , Dewicka Martyna , Wawrzyniak Alicja Maria
Published: July 2024

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a hereditary heart muscle disorder characterized by the progressive replacement of right ventricular myocardium with fibrofatty tissue. This condition predisposes individuals to arrhythmias and an elevated risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The etiology of ARVC is predominantly genetic, with mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins playing a crucial role. Physical exercise has a significant impact on the progression of ARVC, often exacerbating the disease's severity and increasing the likelihood of life-threatening arrhythmic events. Diagnosing ARVC remains challenging due to its variable clinical presentation and overlapping features with other cardiomyopathies. Advanced imaging techniques, electrocardiography, and genetic testing are essential tools in the diagnostic process. Treatment strategies for ARVC include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), and in some cases, catheter ablation or heart transplantation. Preventing disease progression and SCD involves a multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing early diagnosis, risk stratification, and tailored therapeutic interventions. This review comprehensively examines the etiology of ARVC, the detrimental effects of physical exercise on the disease, the associated SCD risk, and the challenges in diagnosis, while also discussing current treatment modalities and preventive measures to mitigate disease progression.
Materials and Methods
Review and summary of research studies available in databases on Google Scholar and PubMed. Databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords: ‘Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, ‘ARVC in athletes’, ‘Sudden cardiac death’, ‘impact of physical exercise on ARVC’.
Rehabilitation as a relevant factor in improvement of the quality of life in palliative patients
Authors: Chrościcka Alicja , Gała Kamil , Czajka Andrzej , Lenard Paweł , Kucharski Adam , Michalska Sara , Pilarski Konrad , Dewicka Martyna , Wawrzyniak Alicja Maria , Makuch Rafał
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Palliative care is a medical field focused on enhancing the quality of life for terminally ill patients rather than curing their disease. It involves a multidisciplinary team that aims to improve patients' well-being, manage pain, alleviate other physical symptoms, and ease mental suffering. The purpose of this work is to show how much rehabilitation is important for palliative patients and improves the quality of life. 
State of Knowledge
The article contains different types of rehabilitation that seem to be useful in daily challenges of palliative patients. Chosen types of rehabilitation are: physical, pulmonary, speech and language and psychosocial.
Material and methodsThe method obtaining the data is based on medical reviews including WHO reports about rehabilitation and palliative care showing what is a relationship between them.
Summary 
All of the studies and reviews showed a strong relationship between each type of rehabilitation and improvement of quality of life of palliative patients. Each type of rehabilitation touches different areas of struggle for palliative patients as mobility, pain, communication with surrounding, anxiety, stress and social exclusion.
Treatment of COPD with a particular focus on biological therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Ziojła-Lisowska Kinga , Kuzio Agnieszka , Cieplińska Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

Incroduction and aim. COPD is a heterogeneous condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms. These symptoms can significantly reduce the quality of life for patients. The conventional treatment used so far is not always effective, especially in cases of severe disease and in specific phenotypes, which is why researchers are constantly searching for new drugs. The aim of this paper is to review the published literature on the treatment of COPD, with particular emphasis on the role of biological therapy.
Material and methods. Online databases were used for literature research. The review primarily included literature published after 2016.
Analysis of the literature. Conventional pharmacological treatment for COPD patients mainly relies on the use of bronchodilators. Recently, researchers have increasingly focused on the potential use of biological therapy in COPD. The greatest hope lies in the broader use of biological therapy in patients with COPD with elevated eosinophil counts. One of the targets is the IL-33/ST2 pathway, which partially directs inflammatory and remodeling processes in COPD. Drugs belonging to this group include tozorakimab, itepekimab, and astegolimab. Another mechanism of action for biological drugs is blocking IL-5; drugs that work through this mechanism include mepolizumab and benralizumab. Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that, due to promising research results, currently has the greatest potential for expanding indications for the treatment of COPD.
Conclusion. Since biological therapy offers hope for better disease control in specific groups of patients, further clinical research is necessary to explore the use of biological treatment. This could improve the quality of life for individuals with COPD, especially those who respond poorly to conventional treatment.
Key words. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, biology treatment
Safety training – crucial in anaesthesiology education
Authors: Fenrych Urszula , Lipska Julia , Hamerska Laura , Hamerska Julia , Bocianiak Bogumił , Antczak Joanna , Kajka Anna , Wojtczak Karolina , Skupińska Olga , Ruta Damian
Published: July 2024

Anaesthesiologists are responsible for procedures performed in a multidisciplinary team. The complexity of procedures, the burden of responsibility, time pressure, efficiency demands, psychological and physiological limitations, the necessity for quick and accurate decision-making, and many other challenges pose a risk of error. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of human factors in the occurrence of errors during anaesthesia procedures, as well as to identify strategies, which implementation into the training process and clinical practice of anaesthesia could support the safety of the therapeutic process. This paper discusses selected issues that, in our opinion, should be a permanent element of training and periodic qualification improvement among anesthesia team members.
Is it possible to tame fear through sport?
Authors: Miazga Małgorzata , Golemo Jagna , Serkis Barbara , Bentkowska Zuzanna , Bogoń Aleksandra , Ostojska Magdalena , Kałuża Izabela , Szpyra Justyna , Celichowska Magdalena , Górska Magdalena
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Fear of falling  is described as a natural response to unstable balance resulting problems with postural control. It usually occurs in older people suffering from chronic diseases and lowers their quality of life. Importantly, general physical activity is limited by the fear of falling, which makes everyday functioning difficult. 
Aim of the study: The aim of this paper is to present and submit the latest discoveries regarding the topic of fear of falling and physical activity.
Material and Methods: This article was created based on the PubMed and Scholar database.The literature was reviewed using the keywords: „fear of falling”; „physical activity”.
Results: Research shows that there are many chronic diseases, for example diabetic neuropathy, Parkinson's disease or hip fractures, that may predispose patients to fear of falling. The Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FES-I) is one of the several tools to assess fear of falling, which facilitates the selection of appropriate care and interventions. Well-selected exercises such as the Otago programme, can be implemented to reduce this problem. Generally physical activity combined with the proper encouragement to exercise at home is highly effective in reducing the fear of falling. 
Conclusion: Considering that more and more people may be exposed to the experience fear of falling it seems significant how to combat this problem. There are appropriate methods to assess and interventions which can be implemented to reduce fear of falling by clinicians, but further studies are still needed.