bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angular shift of Autler–Townes doublet from multi-photon ionization of molecules by circularly polarized laser pulses
Authors: Qin Ya-Nan , Li Min , Liu Kun , Liang Jintai , Zhou Yueming , Lu Peixiang
Published: April 2022

We theoretically study the Autler–Townes (AT) splitting of a molecule in a circularly polarized laser pulse by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We find that the AT doublet in the photoelectron momentum distribution reveals different angular shifts with respect to the molecular axis direction. Using an improved strong-field approximation method, we reproduce the difference of the angular shifts for the AT doublet, which originates from the interference of the electron wave packets released from the ground and excited states of the molecule. By tracing the time evolution of the electron density distribution along the molecular axis, we find that electron delocalization on the two nuclei of the molecule plays a significant role in the formation of photoelectron angular distribution for the AT doublet, which corresponds to a phase jump of π for the phase difference between the ground and excited states.
Multi-functional tunable ultra-broadband water-based metasurface absorber with high reconfigurability
Authors: Wen Jingda , Ren Qiang , Peng Ruiguang , Zhao Qian
Published: April 2022

Promising microwave ultra-broadband water-based metasurface absorbers have attracted increasing attention due to their novel applications in EM radiation prevention, stealth technology, and energy harvesting. In this paper, the proposed water-based metasurface absorber, composed of mushroom-shaped and layer-shaped water with resin shell, can reach over 90% polarization-insensitive and wide-angle absorption from 7.2 to 100 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 173%. Moreover, the proposed absorber is reconfigurable to control the water content, salinity, and type of inside liquid for tunable absorption and infrared radiation with thermally tunable absorption. Since the experimental and simulated ultra-broadband absorption originates from multiple resonances concentrated on the top, the ground-free all-dielectric design is achieved. Furthermore, the proposed curved absorber is fabricated and demonstrated for omnidirectional absorption. The water-based metasurface absorber shows great potential in achieving both microwave and infrared radiation camouflage for practical shaped structures in both civil and military domains.
Phase driven topological states in correlated Haldane model on a honeycomb lattice
Authors: Li Qingmin , Wu Ya-Jie , Yu Jing , He Jing
Published: April 2022

Using mean field method and random phase approximation, we studied the phase driven topological exotic states in correlated Haldane model on a honeycomb lattice. It is found that topological spin density waves emerge with the phase change of next-nearest-neighbor hopping. We also investigated the topological properties of these spin density waves, including Chern number, edge state and Hall conductivity. Our work provides a new insight for topological phase transitions in correlated quantum anomalous Hall insulators.
Adhesion of thin metallic layers on Au surfaces
Authors: Zotti Linda A , O’Regan David D
Published: April 2022

We carried out first-principles density-functional theory calculations to study the work of separation for five different metal–metal interfaces, each of them comprising thin layers of selected metals (Cr, W, Ta, Al or Ti) lying on top of Au surfaces. We found that the highest work of separation is obtained for one-atom-thick layers. Increasing the number of atomic layers leads the work of separation to oscillate with the thickness, and ultimately tend to a limiting value for a large number of layers. Interestingly, for most cases the lowest work of separation is obtained for two-atom layers. We find that this behaviour is mirrored by the quantity of charge transferred between the two metals on the one hand, and their spatial distance on the other.
Integration of an optical FBG sensor into a nuclear magnetic resonance core flooding system
Authors: Esteban Lionel , Giwelli Ausama , Kovalyshen Yevhen
Published: April 2022

A new platen was designed and developed for a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) core flooding cell for the integratation of fibre Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors. The platen is made from carbon fibre material with a special channel to insert the FBG inside the cell, and it is compatible with an NMR overburden system (i.e. no metal, and also resistant to pressure, temperature and reactive chemicals) to allow, for example, advanced chemical experiments. This development has allowed us to acquire both fluid dynamics behaviour, from NMR, and deformation/elastic properties, from FBG sensors, during NMR core flooding experiments for advanced hydro-mechanical-chemical coupling characterisation. Generally, pore fluid redistribution occurs while changing the surrounding stress and/or temperature conditions of the tested material, and will generate elastic and geomechanical responses. The impact of rock–fluid interactions during NMR core flooding has not been evaluated until now, mainly due to technical limitations. Fortunately, the FBG sensing technique is a localised/discreet micro-strain gauge (8 mm long and 125 micro thick), and it is applicable to the monitoring of pseudo-tomography during core flooding experiments. We recently managed to attach eight FBG sensors on a carbonate rock plug to monitor strain alteration during brine imbibition under 800 psi confining pressure. The results validate the ability of the FBG sensors to track mechanical strength alterations due to pore pressure changes and also to detect waterfront velocity during injection. The integration of FBG sensors into the NMR core flooding system has added a new capability to the NMR overburden system, enabling it to simultaneously monitor material deformation with FBG sensors during pressure/temperature alterations as a first basic application.
Superballistic and superdiffusive scaling limits of stochastic harmonic chains with long-range interactions
Authors: Suda Hayate
Published: April 2022

We consider one-dimensional infinite chains of harmonic oscillators with random exchanges of momenta and long-range interaction potentials which have polynomial decay rate |x|−θ
, x → ∞, θ > 1 where

x
∈
Z

is the interaction range. The dynamics conserve total momentum, total length and total energy. We prove that the systems evolve macroscopically on superballistic space-time scale

(

y

ε

−
1

,
t

ε

−

θ
−
1

2

)

when 1 < θ < 3,

(

y

ε

−
1

,
t

ε

−
1

−
log

(

ε

−
1

)

−
1

)

when θ = 3, and hyperbolic space-time scale (yɛ
−1, tɛ
−1) when θ > 3. Combining our results and the results in (Suda 2021 Ann. Inst. Henri Poincare B 57 2268–2314), we show the existence of two different space-time scales on which the systems evolve. In addition, we prove the fluctuations of the normal modes of the superballistic wave equation, which are analogues of the Riemann invariants and capture fluctuations along the characteristics. For the normal modes, the space-time scale is superdiffusive when 2 < θ ⩽ 4 and diffusive when θ > 4.
On the structure of periodic eigenvalues of the vectorial p-Laplacian
Authors: Liu Changjian , Zhang Meirong
Published: April 2022

In this paper we will solve an open problem raised by Manásevich and Mawhin twenty years ago on the structure of the periodic eigenvalues of the vectorial p-Laplacian. This is an Euler–Lagrangian equation on the plane or in higher dimensional Euclidean spaces. The main result obtained is that for any exponent p other than 2, the vectorial p-Laplacian on the plane will admit infinitely many different sequences of periodic eigenvalues with a given period. These sequences of eigenvalues are constructed using the notion of scaling momenta we will introduce. The whole proof is based on the complete integrability of the equivalent Hamiltonian system, the tricky reduction to two-dimensional dynamical systems, and a number-theoretical distinguishing between different sequences of eigenvalues. Some numerical simulations to the new sequences of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions will be given. Several further conjectures towards to the panorama of the spectral sets will be imposed.
Global well-posedness for axisymmetric MHD equations with vertical dissipation and vertical magnetic diffusion
Authors: Wang Peng , Guo Zhengguang
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the unique global strong axisymmetric solutions for the incompressible MHD equations with only vertical dissipation and vertical magnetic diffusion are established, where no smallness assumptions on the initial data are required. One of the key ingredients of the analysis is to obtain higher-order regularity estimates for velocity and magnetic fields, where the axisymmetry of the solutions and some newL2energy estimates play an important role.
From quantum speed limits to energy-efficient quantum gates
Authors: Aifer Maxwell , Deffner Sebastian
Published: April 2022

While recent breakthroughs in quantum computing promise the nascence of the quantum information age, quantum states remain delicate to control. Moreover, the required energy budget for large scale quantum applications has only sparely been considered. Addressing either of these issues necessitates a careful study of the most energetically efficient implementation of elementary quantum operations. In the present analysis, we show that this optimal control problem can be solved within the powerful framework of quantum speed limits. To this end, we derive state-independent lower bounds on the energetic cost, from which we find the universally optimal implementation of unitary quantum gates, for both single and N-qubit operations.
Ambient forcing: sampling local perturbations in constrained phase spaces
Authors: Büttner Anna , Kurths Jürgen , Hellmann Frank
Published: April 2022

Ambient forcing is a novel method to sample random states from manifolds of differential-algebraic equations (DAE). These states can represent local perturbations of nodes in power systems with loads, which introduces constraints into the system. These states must be valid initial conditions to the DAE, meaning that they fulfill the algebraic equations. Additionally, these states should represent perturbations of individual variables in the power grid, such as a perturbation of the voltage at a load. These initial states enable the calculation of probabilistic stability measures of power systems with loads, which was not yet possible, but is important as these measures have become a crucial tool in studying power systems. To verify that these perturbations are network local, i.e. that the initial perturbation only targets a single node in the power grid, a new measure, the spreadability, related to the closeness centrality (Freeman 1978 Soc. Netw.
1 215–39), is presented. The spreadability is evaluated for an ensemble of typical power grids. The ensemble depicts a set of future power grids where consumers, as well as producers, are connected to the grid via inverters. For this power grid ensemble, we additionally calculate the basin stability (Menck et al 2013 Nat. Phys.
9 89–92) as well as the survivability (Hellmann et al 2016 Sci. Rep.
6 29654), two probabilistic measures which provide statements about asymptotic and transient stability. We also revisit the topological classes, introduced in (Nitzbon et al 2017 New. J. Phys.
19 033029), that have been shown to predict the basin stability of grids and explore if they still hold for grids with constraints and voltage dynamics. We find that the degree of the nodes is a better predictor than the topological classes for our ensemble. Finally, ambient forcing is applied to calculate probabilistic stability measures of the IEEE 96 test case (Grigg et al 1999 IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
14 1010–20).
Landau parameters and entrainment matrix of cold stellar matter: effect of the symmetry energy and strong magnetic fields
Authors: Pais Helena , Ivanytskyi Oleksii , Providência Constança
Published: April 2022

Nuclear matter properties based on a relativistic approach suitable for the description of multi-component systems are calculated. We use a set of nuclear relativistic mean-field models that satisfy acceptable nuclear matter properties and neutron star observations. The effects of the density dependence of the symmetry energy and of the Landau quantization due to the presence of a strong external magnetic field are discussed. Properties such as the proton fraction, the Landau mass, Landau parameters and entrainment matrix, the adiabatic index and speed of sound are calculated for cold β-equilibrium matter. A large dispersion on the calculated properties is obtained at two to three times saturation density ρ0
. The proton Landau mass can be as low as one third of the vacuum nucleon mass at 2-3 ρ0
. Similar effects are obtained for the Landau parameters, in particular, the ones involving protons, where the relative dispersion of F0
pp
and F1
pp
is as high as 30% to 50% at 2-3 ρ0
. These parameters are particularly sensitive to the symmetry energy. The effect of the magnetic field on the nuclear properties is small for fields as high as 1018G except for a small range of densities just above the crust-core transition. Tables with the EoS, and the parameters, are provided in the supplementary data section.
Detection and Classification of Potential Caves on the Flank of Elysium Mons, Mars
Authors: Sharma Ravi , Srivastava Neeraj
Published: April 2022

Martian caves have revived interest in the field of subsurface exploration because they are the potential destinations for future human habitats and astrobiological research. There are many pits on Mars, but some of them look like collapsed cave roofs. These special pits are formed by the collapse of surface materials into the subsurface void spaces. The signature of life is probable in a subsurface cave on Mars as the subsurface environment can protect life from the harsh and dangerous radiation environment of the surface. In a cave, there may be an abundance of minerals, fluids, and other key resources. Therefore, locating the access point of the subsurface cave is essential and crucial for formulating plans for robotic/human explorations of the Red Planet, Mars. We have used remote sensing data from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO; NASA), Mars Global Surveyor (MGS; NASA), and Mars Odyssey (NASA) for identifying, mapping, and classifying selected special pit candidates on the flank of Elysium Mons, Mars. A total of 32 special pit candidates has been identified and classified based upon morphology and geological context. Out of these, 26 are newly discovered ones. The thermal behavior of 23 special pit candidates confirms that the special pits are radiating heat energy at nighttime, similar to potential caves. Also, cave entrances have been detected in nine candidates using data from the HiRISE camera onboard MRO. These sites could be important destinations for future robotic/human exploration and the search for life on Mars.
Can Turbulent, High-density Gas Form Stars in Molecular Clouds: A Case Study in Ophiuchus
Authors: Jiao Sihan , Wu Jingwen , Ruan Hao , Lin Yuxin , Tsai Chao-Wei , Feng Linjing
Published: April 2022

Star formation is governed by the interplay between gravity and turbulence in most of molecular clouds. Recent theoretical works assume that dense gas, whose column density is above a critical value in the column density probability distribution function (N-PDF), where gravity starts to overcome turbulence, becomes star-forming gas and will collapse to form stars. However, these high-density gases will include some very turbulent areas in the clouds. Will these dense but turbulent gases also form stars? We test this scenario in Ophiuchus molecular cloud using N-PDF analysis and find that at least in some regions, the turbulent, dense gas is not forming stars. We identified two isolated high-density structures in Ophiuchus, which are gravitationally unbound and show no sign of star formation. Their high densities may come from turbulence.
Global gyro-kinetic study of magnetic shaping effects on linear trapped electron mode instability in normal/reversed magnetic shear plasmas
Authors: Wang Wei , Imadera Kenji , Seto Haruki , Yagi Masatoshi
Published: April 2022

A linear δf version of the gyro-kinetic Vlasov code GKNET (Gyro-Kinetic Numerical Experiment of Tokamak) is extended to the global cylindrical coordinates (R, φ, Z) and includes the kinetic electron response, to study the shaping effect on linear drift-wave instabilities in Tokamak plasmas. Cross-verifications are performed between three GKNET versions that use different electron models, i.e. the adiabatic electron model, hybrid electron model (only trapped electrons are calculated kinetically) and full-kinetic electron model (all electrons are calculated kinetically). A destabilizing effect of non-adiabatic passing electrons is observed in the full-kinetic case for the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode in the short wavelength region and the trapped electron mode (TEM). The ion-to-electron mass ratio and the electron–electron collisionality have weak impacts on the destabilization of ITG/TEM. Utilizing magnetohydrodynamic equilibria designed with normal and reversed magnetic shear (NS and RS), the characteristics of linear TEMs and the corresponding impact of plasma shaping are studied based on the GKNET code with full-kinetic electrons. Due to the change in temperature/density gradient and magnetic shear either measured locally in the low field side (LFS) or averaged over the flux surface, plasma shaping shows different impacts on linear TEMs in NS and RS configurations. For the elongation κ, the increase in κ always stabilizes linear TEMs due to the reduction in the effective profile gradient over the flux surface. For the triangularity δ, in the NS case, the change in δ shows weak dependence on TEM linear growth rates due to the balance between variations of profile gradients and magnetic shear in the LFS. In the RS case, local magnetic shear in the peak gradient region is nearly zero. Thus, the variation in local profile gradient plays a dominant role on the linear growth in a plasma shaping scan. Consequently, the negative triangularity (δ < 0) has a destabilizing effect on the linear TEMs in the RS configuration mainly due to the upshift in local profile gradient in the LFS.
High speed visual insect swarm tracker (Hi-VISTA) used to identify the effects of confinement on individual insect flight
Authors: Ahmed Ishriak , Faruque Imraan A
Published: April 2022

Individual insects flying in crowded assemblies perform complex aerial maneuvers by sensing and feeding back neighbor measurements to small changes in their wing motions. To understand the individual feedback rules that permit these fast, adaptive behaviors in group flight, both experimental preparations inducing crowded flight and high-speed tracking systems capable of tracking both body motions and more subtle wing motion changes for multiple insects in simultaneous flight are needed. This measurement capability extends tracking beyond the previous focus on individual insects to multiple insects. This paper describes an experimental preparation that induces crowded insect flight in more naturalistic conditions (a laboratory-outdoor transition tunnel) and directly compares the resulting flight performance to traditional flight enclosures. Measurements are made possible via the introduction of a multi-agent high speed insect tracker called Hi-VISTA, which provides a capability to track wing and body motions of multiple insects using high speed cameras (9000–12 500 fps). Processing steps consist of automatic background identification, data association, hull reconstruction, segmentation, and feature measurement. To improve the biological relevance of laboratory experiments and develop a platform for interaction studies, this paper applies the Hi-VISTA measurement system to Apis mellifera foragers habituated to transit flights through the transparent transition environment. Binary statistical analysis (Welch’s t-test, Cohen’s d effect size) of 95 flight trajectories is presented, quantifying the differences between flights in an unobstructed environment and in a confined tunnel volume. The results indicate that body pitch angle, heading rate, flapping frequency, and vertical speed (heave) are each affected by confinement, and other flight variables show minor or statistically insignificant changes. These results form a baseline as swarm tracking and analysis begins to isolate the effects of neighbors from environmental enclosures, and improve the connection of high speed insect laboratory experiments to outdoor field experiments.
Association of ambient ozone exposure with anxiety and depression among middle-aged and older adults in China: exploring modification by high temperature
Authors: Shi Wanying , Li Tiantian , Zhang Yi , Sun Qinghua , Chen Chen , Fang Jianlong , Du Peng , Tang Song , Wang Qiong , Wang Jiaonan , Han Jingxiu , Hu Xiaojian , Shi Xiaoming
Published: April 2022

Anxiety and depression are severe public health problems worldwide. The effects of ozone exposure on anxious and depressive symptoms remain largely unknown, especially in China. We evaluated the associations between ozone exposure and depression and anxiety among middle-aged and older adults across China. A multi-center community-based repeated measurement study among middle-aged and older adults was conducted from 2017 to 2018 in 11 provinces in China. The status of depression and anxiety was measured using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the generalized anxiety disorder seven-item (GAD-7) scale at the cut-off point of five, respectively. Concentrations of multiple ozone metrics were collected from real-time monitoring stations. The multilevel logistic regression model with random intercept was used to evaluate the effects of ambient ozone on anxiety and depression over different exposure windows. After adjusting for potential confounders, a 10 μg /m3 increase in the three months moving average of ozone was associated with the risk of anxiety [odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15; 1.37] and depression (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08; 1.27). A significantly positive modification effect of temperature on associations between ozone and anxiety was also found, while there is no interaction for depression. Exposure-response curves showed that there may be a threshold for the effect of ozone exposure on anxiety and depression over the three months moving average concentrations, with similar patterns observed at different temperature levels. People over 65 years old were at significantly higher risks of ozone-associated depression, while anxiety was more strongly associated with ozone in hypertensive patients. Our study supports the theory that anxiety and depression is associated with mid-term ozone exposure in China, and temperatures significantly enhanced their associations. These findings may have significant implications for promoting prevention activities regarding mental disorders and approaches in reducing the disease burden by simultaneously controlling air pollution and mitigating climate change.
Black carbon dominated dust in recent radiative forcing on Rocky Mountain snowpacks
Authors: Gleason Kelly E , McConnell Joseph R , Arienzo Monica M , Sexstone Graham A , Rahimi Stefan
Published: April 2022

The vast majority of surface water resources in the semi-arid western United States start as winter snowpack. Solar radiation is a primary driver of snowmelt, making snowpack water resources especially sensitive to even small increases in concentrations of light absorbing particles such as mineral dust and combustion-related black carbon (BC). Here we show, using fresh snow measurements and snowpack modeling at 51 widely distributed sites in the Rocky Mountain region, that BC dominated impurity-driven radiative forcing in 2018. BC contributed three times more radiative forcing on average than dust, and up to 17 times more at individual locations. Evaluation of 2015–2018 archived samples from most of the same sites yielded similar results. These findings, together with long-term observations of atmospheric concentrations and model studies, indicate that BC rather than dust has dominated radiative forcing by light absorbing impurities on snow for decades, indicating that mitigation strategies to reduce radiative forcing on headwater snow-water resources would need to focus on reducing winter and spring BC emissions.
Technology comparison for green hydrogen production
Authors: Ourya I , Abderafi S
Published: April 2022

Because of greenhouse gas emissions generated by fossil fuels, it has become essential to find non-polluting alternatives. Hydrogen is generally produced from the steam methane reforming (SMR) process which generates a lot of greenhouse gases. However, there are many other processes to produce hydrogen that are cleaner and should be of interest. This study aims at comparing different existing technologies to produce hydrogen in a clean and non-polluting way, in particular biological and thermochemical processes from biomass and water splitting processes. Their comparison is made by analyzing several parameters such as the type of raw materials, energy sources, efficiency, waste generation, CO2 emissions and, hydrogen production rate. Among the biological processes to produce hydrogen from biomass, dark fermentation seems to be the best due to its high production efficiency. Thermochemical processes are also interesting because of their maturity, but they generate a lot of waste such as tar and ashes. Water splitting processes coupled with renewable energy have the advantage of being zero greenhouse gas generating. The electrolysis is the best from the point of view of production efficiency which reaches 80%.
Prospects for technological development of grain production in Ukraine
Authors: Cheremisina Svetlana , Rossokha Vladimir , Salo Inna , Mohilova Marina , Romanchenko Natalia
Published: April 2022

The article examines the problems of technological support for the production of grain crops and the development of the grain industry in Ukraine. A retrospective analysis of the dynamics of the yield of grain crops and the main food crop - wheat in Ukraine is presented. The necessity of improving agrotechnological methods and introducing zoned varieties of agricultural crops due to the differentiation of climatic conditions necessary for the development of agriculture on the territory of Ukraine has been proved. A factorial analysis of the effect of intensification on the yield and efficiency of growing winter wheat has been carried out, a direct dependence of wheat yield on production costs and an inverse relationship between profitability and production costs have been established. The essence and advantages of using No-till technologies that do not require preliminary preparation of the field for sowing grain crops are disclosed. Modern trends in the development of technologies in agriculture in Ukraine are presented. The advantages of using various models of intensive technologies aimed at maximizing the realization of the potential of varieties and hybrids of grain crops are disclosed. A comparative characteristic of the elemental costs of growing winter wheat with high-cost and resource-saving technologies is given. The system of indicators for evaluating the economic efficiency of methods for improving the technological support of the production of grain crops is substantiated. Key words: technology, crops, intensification, productivity, technological operation, resources.
Issues on soil moisture management substantiation for the steppe conditions in the European part of Russia
Authors: Markin V N , Glazunova I V , Matveeva T I , Sokolova S A
Published: April 2022

Issues on irrigation substantiation for the crops cultivated in the steppe zone of Russia are considered in the paper. The crop yields are moistly limited by low soil moisture in steppe conditions. To increase crop yields irrigation is required but it may cause environmental issues (for example, soil fertility reduction). Therefore, hydro-reclamation impact estimation on the environment remains relevant. To provide the ecologically friendly irrigation, it is necessary to consider both the requirements crops and soil biota demands. Soil biota state should be an indicator of the ecological state of the soils to conserve soil fertility. Calculations were carried out for various agro-hydrological areas in order to take into account the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture distribution. The results of the research help to determine the environmentally friendly ranges of soil moister management. The calculations, carried out on the example of spring wheat, showed a high probability of the need for irrigation. The requirements on environmentally friendly irrigation increase the probability of the need for irrigation as well as wheat yields. The relationship between the probability of irrigation necessity and average long-term soil moisture in the meter soil layer is obtained. The results of the research will help to consider the issues of soil moisture heterogeneity more thorough.
Influence of a finely dispersed suspension based on a metal/carbon nanocomposite of copper on growth processes and seeds infection of spring wheat
Authors: Kuryleva A G , Ardasheva O A , Zorin D A , Fedorov A V
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of laboratory studies on the treatment of spring wheat seeds of the Svecha variety with a fine suspension based on a metal/carbon nanocomposite of copper (MeC NC Cu). The aim of the research is to identify the fungicidal action and stimulate the growth processes of plants at the initial stage of organogenesis. The experimental results showed that the effect of copper nanocomposite on plants is ambiguous and in some cases contradictory. This nanomaterial at a concentration of 0.1% had a toxic effect on the seeds of Triticum aestivum. The drug at a concentration of 0.005% (by 15.7%) had a weak stimulating, but insignificant, effect on root development. It was revealed that an increase in the concentration of MeC NC Cu has an inhibitory effect on plants: the immune system weakens and the resistance to pathogens of seed infection decreases. Development of Bipolaris sorokiniana Syn. increases by 2.90-3.31%, Alternaria sp. - by 1.94%. With an increase in the concentration of NC to 1.00%, the indicators deteriorate in comparison with the control to 3.06%. Infection of seeds with a fungus of the genus Fusarium was observed in the following variants: MeC NC Cu 0.05% by 54.5%, MeC NC Cu 1.0% by 6.90% with the least significant difference (95%) 1.36. Other fungi are noted in descending order; the degree of damage varied from 4.65% to 7.83% with an increase in the concentration of MeC NC Cu (the least significant difference (95%) = 0.67).
Effect of iron nanopowder on the physiological resistance of winter wheat to low temperatures
Authors: Nazarova A A
Published: April 2022

This paper shows the effect of iron nanopowder on productivity and physiological and biochemical processes, the metal is used at an optimal concentration of 1 g per hectare (seeding rate) of winter wheat variety Moskovskaya 56. Iron nanopowder is quite effective in dressing winter wheat before sowing. At the same time, it increases the length of the roots of experimental winter wheat plants by 22.8%, and also increases the dry weight of plants by 8.9%, which is associated with its biocatalytic properties. The effect of iron nanoparticles on the accumulation of water-soluble polysaccharides in winter wheat plants during the tillering period before the winter period was studied. Iron nanopowder increases the accumulation of polysaccharides in the whole plant by 4.2%, in the tillering node by 4.6%, in the roots - by 0.7%, these changes increase the winter hardiness of winter wheat. It is shown that iron nanopowder increases the yield of winter wheat grains by 19.7%, the weight of a thousand grains by 7.5%, the number of spikelets in an ear also increased by 13.3% and the number of grains in a spikelet - by 14.5% higher than control . Under the influence of the optimal concentration of iron nanopowder, the chemical composition of wheat grain changes, the content of gluten in the grain increases by 2.0% and its quality index, and the ash content of grain also slightly increased (+0.2% higher than the control). Based on the results of the research, it is possible to recommend the introduction of iron nanopowder into the production of winter wheat.
Influence of climate warming on the state of woody plants of the family Oleaceae Hoff. et Link. in the collections of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Semkina L A , Tishkina E A
Published: April 2022

The created collections of woody plants made it possible to evaluate the life cycle of forsythia Forsythia ovata Nakai, privet Ligustrum vulgare L., and high ash Fraxinus excelsior L. of the Oleaceae Hoff family. et Link. and their response to changing climatic conditions. Tall ash, common privet froze every year to the level of snow cover. The flower buds of the forsythia froze, and it did not bloom. Due to the increase in the average annual temperature from 1.7 °C to 2.69 °C since 1990, forsythia and privet began to bloom and bear fruit. Introductory populations were created and the most frost-resistant and abundantly flowering individuals were selected. But as a result of abnormal weather conditions and climate cyclicality, all young and old privet plants died in 1998. Common privet plants began to bloom profusely only in 2021 (sowing in 2018). High ash plants fully recovered and reached a height of 10-12 m.
Planning of the ecological framework for the preservation of the natural landscapes of the Chuvash Republic
Authors: Ilyin V N , Nikonorova I V , Mulendeeva A V , Ilyina A A
Published: April 2022

The principles of identifying the main elements of the ecological framework of the territory are described. The project of the ecological framework of the Chuvash Republic was drawn up and substantiated. The problems of the functioning of the ecological framework are outlined.
Effectiveness of moisture-saving systems for treatment black fallow in steppe zone of South Urals
Authors: Fedyunin S A , Yu Nesterenko M , Nesterenko Yu M , Khalin A V , Solomatin N V
Published: April 2022

Article presents results of a comparative assessment of non-moldboard methods of basic tillage in a fallow field for winter wheat after various predecessors. Effectiveness of moisture-saving systems for the care of the fallow field: mechanical, combined and chemical has been studied. Bare fallow treatment systems effective for arid conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals have been developed. As a fall basic tillage of a bare fallow for winter wheat after stubble predecessors, it is advisable to use deep non-moldboard loosening or deep flat-cut tillage, and after the sunflower - shallow loosening in autumn or disking tillage in spring. For the care of the black fallow, a shallow flat-cut tillage system at a depth of 6-8 cm is recommended.
Modeling a brush separator for forage woody greenery
Authors: Dyagilev D V , Beliakov E A , Prazyan T L , Shavrin V A
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the possibility of using a brush separator of woody greenery, suitable for use in animal husbandry. The results of modeling the interaction of brush pile with elements of woody greenery of deciduous and coniferous species are presented. The qualitative characteristics of the brush separator of woody greenery are indicated.
Environmental management in ash and slag waste management in Russia
Authors: Petropavlovskaya V B , Artamonova S V , Shchipanskaya E O , Ratkevich E A , Petropavlovskii K S
Published: April 2022

The article provides a comprehensive assessment of environmental management in waste management: environmental pollution due to an increase in waste disposal volumes, operation of environmentally hazardous waste, ash deposition, a low level of involvement of recycled waste disposal sites as a valuable secondary resource in economic circulation. The process of processing ash waste from coal-fired TPPs has been investigated as an aspect of environmental safety. Today’s planners are working to develop a waste management strategy for waste ash from coal-fired power plants in order to find out how to properly and efficiently use the waste. As a result of their efforts, fly ash is used very effectively and economically in construction technology, agriculture, etc.
Organizational and economic aspects of spring wheat production at the regional level
Authors: Zhichkina L , Musina O , Zhichkin K , Shikhalieva D , Ekaterinovskaya M , Gorbatko E , Kudryavtsev V
Published: April 2022

The object of research is the economic relations of agricultural producers in the production of spring wheat grain. The purpose of the article is to formulate the distinctive features of the business mechanism for growing spring wheat and its improvement. The main tasks implemented in the study include: - to identify the elements of the business mechanism for growing spring wheat; - to determine its main aspects that determine the level of economic effect of growing spring wheat; - assess the level and structure of state assistance in the cultivation of spring wheat at the regional level. As a result of the research, the main organizational and economic aspects of spring wheat cultivation in the Samara region were identified. In recent years, the volume of spring wheat production in the region has grown due to an increase in the sown area and yield, while the gross harvest in 2019 amounted to 245.8 thousand tons. The spring wheat cultivation efficiency is significantly influenced by the basic tillage type, the costs of which can be up to 20% in the structure of production costs. The option with fine processing by 10-12 cm showed the greatest efficiency. The profitability of this option was 87%. State support at the regional level plays a significant role in shaping the profitability of spring wheat cultivation.
Influence of different rates of application of herbicide Euro-Lightning on weed infestation and sunflower yield in the stationary crop rotation UNPO “Povolzhye”
Authors: Sergeeva I V , Letuchiy A V , Ponomareva A L , Shevchenko E N , Gulina E V
Published: April 2022

The results of various norms of application of the herbicide Euro-Lightning (1,2, 1,0, and 0,8 l/ha) in sunflower hybrid crops “Volcano” are presented. Field small-scale experiments were laid in the conditions of stationary crop rotation of the UNPO “Volga region” of the Saratov State Agrarian University. Stepnoye of the Engels district of the Saratov region. The size of the plots was 25 m2, the location of the plots was randomized, the repetition was fourfold, the processing was single. Method of application: spraying of vegetative plants. In sunflower crops, 7 species of weeds belonging to 6 families were noted: Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Setaria pumila (Poir.) Schult., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Löve, Convolvulus arvensis L., Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey. The best result in the fight against weeds and an increase in sunflower yield was shown by the herbicide Euro-Lightning at a rate of 1.2 l/ha: biological efficiency, taking into account the total contamination, was 98.1 -100%, crop yield increased by 31.3% compared to the control.
Preparation of a Map of Leading Food Commodities in the Lampung Province Using the Location Quotient (LQ) Method
Authors: Humaidi Edy , Putu Ajie Windu Kertayoga I , Analianasari
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to map food commodities that are superior in the Lampung Province. The mapping will be analyzed using the Location Quotient (LQ) method, which will produce classification about base commodities or non-basic commodities. The data used is secondary data on food crop production in Lampung Province for five years (2016-2020) obtained from the Central Statistics Agency and the Agriculture Service. The results showed that two types of food crops became the leading commodity in LQ values greater than 1, namely corn and rice, with LQ values of 1.23 for corn and 1.12 for rice, respectively.
Barriers to Adopt Biosecurity at Smallholder Farmers
Authors: Lestari V S , Rahardja D P , Sirajuddin S N
Published: April 2022

Biosecurity is one of the policies of the Indonesian government that should be followed on cattle farms to maintain healthy and disease-free cattle. The objective of this research was to identify barriers to adopting biosecurity on smallholder farmers. This research was conducted in the Bone Regency. The study enlisted the participation of 115 beef cattle ranchers. The data was acquired through surveys and observation as well as in-depth interviews. There were total of 17 of questions. The Guttman scale was used to see if biosecurity precautions have been implemented. A score of 1 was given to yes, while a 0 was given to no. The data were processed using SPSS software version 23 and descriptively analyzed by using frequency and percentage table. The results of this research showed that the cattle farmers were dominated by men. The respondents were mostly between the ages of 41 and 50 (58.26%). The majority of the respondents had completed primary school (55.65%). According to the family size, 74.78% of respondents have less than 5 dependents. The experience of raising cattle was dominated by those with fewer than 10 years of experience (60.00%). Mixed farming (87.83%) was the most common way for respondents to make a living. The majority of farmers have less than 5 head (79.13%). Only 33.04% of respondents who did the sanitation of the cage and 84.35% of the cages did not have a fence. The acquired cattle were not quarantined in 93.04% of the cases. The cowshed was opened to the public in 97.38% of cases. The research revealed that the primary barriers to biosecurity adoption were a lack of knowledge (64.35%), insufficient time (20.87%) and high cost (14.78%).
Growth Response of Labuhanbatu Local Rice With Gamma Ray Irradiation in M1 Generation
Authors: Saragih S H Y , Sitanggang K D , Lestari W , Rizal K
Published: April 2022

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop for human nutrition. Labuhanbatu Regency is one of the regencies in North Sumatra Province with a local type of rice, namely Ramos local variety rice. It usually adapts well to a specific environment where it grows larger, having a pleasing aroma and eating quality, but it has weaknesses such as very long growth duration, susceptibility to lodging, unresponsive to fertilizer, and low yield. The induction of gamma-ray irradiation on Ramos is expected to increase diversity. This study aimed to determine the growth response of Labuhanbatu Local Rice with Gamma Ray Irradiation in M1 Generation. The research was conducted in PAIR BATAN and Labuhanbatu University Agrotechnology Experimental from May 2021 to September 2021. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design with three replications. The doses used were 0 (control), 150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy and 300 Gy. Parameters observed were the plant height and the number of tillers on the M1 population. Data analysis showed that gamma irradiation was significantly different from the plant height. Irradiation caused a marked decrease in the 300 Gy irradiation treatment.
The Effect of Drying Treatment on Pytochemical Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Broccoli (Brassica oleacea L.) By Using a Cabinet Dryer
Authors: Devi Mazarina , Soekopitojo Soenar , Pratikto Heri , Prasetya Wibawa Aji , Abdul Hamid Mansoor
Published: April 2022

Broccoli (Brassica oleacea L.) can be classified as a good value of agriculture product that contains high amount of active compounds but it is easily damaged due to improper handling and processing practices. A part of the flowers, its leaves and stems are also valuable parts but it’s always through away during harvesting. The purpose of this study is to determine the quality of broccoli flower and its by-product after undergo drying treatment in cabinet dryer. The treated samples were then measured their phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity and all data obtained were analyzed by using ANOVA. The results showed that the dried broccoli leaf content the highest amount of vitamin C (8.11mg/100g), chlorophyll (1816.03mg/kg), phenolic (2.37%), flavonoid (1,40550%), and antioxidant capacity (25.92ppm) compared to its flower and stem. This finding indicated that drying process can retained the good quality of broccoli with minimum deterioration of active compounds and broccoli leaves shows high active compounds and can be utilize as food or food ingredient that are beneficial to our health.
Mesofauna Abundance and Soil Properties in Various Soil Améliorants and Percentage of Urea Fertilizer Dosage in Sugar Cane Plantation
Authors: Kusumastuti A , Indrawati W , Dewi RHP , Kurniawan A
Published: April 2022

The research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Lampung State Polytechnic.. The study was designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) arranged in a split plot consisting of two treatment factors with three replications. The first factor is the zeolite soil repairer as the main plot and the second factor is the dose of urea fertilizer as the sub-plot. The main plot is soil repairing treatment which consists of two levels, namely zeolite soil repairer and zeolite soil repairer 0.8 kg.8 m row of plants-1. Sub-plots were treated with a percentage dose of urea fertilizer which consisted of three levels, namely urea 0.36 kg.8 m row of plants-1 (100%), urea 0.28 kg.8 m row of plants-1 (80%), and urea 0, 31 kg.8 m row of plants-1 (60%). The aim of the study was to obtain soil enhancer, the percentage of N fertilizer, the interaction of soil améliorant and the percentage of N fertilizer, on the abundance of soil mesofauna in sugarcane plant cane. The results showed that the zeolite soil améliorant treatment, the percentage dose of urea fertilizer and the interaction of the zeolite soil enhancer and the percentage dose of urea fertilizer did not show any effect on the mesofauna population, mesofauna diversity index, and soil mesofauna dominance index. Soil mesofauna in various treatments in plant cane sugarcane found five groups of soil mesofauna (Acarina, Coleoptera, Collembola, Hymenoptera, Symphyla) and the rest were not included in these five orders. The highest mesofauna population was found in the treatment of zeolite 0.8 kg.8 m row of plants-1and urea 0.36 kg.8 m row of plants-1 (100%) which was 115 dm-3, while the lowest mesofauna was found in the treatment without soil enhancer zeolite and urea 0.28 kg.8 m juringan-1 (80%) as many as 31 tails.dm-3. Mesofauna diversity index in each treatment was low, namely H’ ranging from 0.81 to 0.98. The mesofauna dominance index in each treatment was close to zero or only dominated by one type of soil mesofauna, the order Acarina. The results showed that there were not significantly different and positively correlated or showed a unidirectional relationship between soil chemical properties and population, diversity index, and soil mesofauna dominance index.
Design of IoT Monitoring System Based on LoRaWAN Architecture for Smart Green House
Authors: Dwi Putra Septafiansyah , Olivia Sereati Catherine , Sutrisno Hery
Published: April 2022

The application of smart agriculture as an applied innovation in overcoming uncertainty over natural conditions and supporting national food security. The utilization of smart agriculture with the Internet of Things (IoT) approach can spur increased added value, competitiveness, and commercial benefits for national food products. In this paper, we proposed a low-cost, modular, and Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) monitor and collect the environmental data (air temperature and humidity) related to the growth in the smart greenhouse over a while. The proposed architecture has been evaluated on a real farm on a lab scale with RSSI -118 and SNR for 2% for 1000m. A web-based visualization tool for the collected data is also presented to validate the LoRaWAN architecture.