bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of personal protective equipment and associated factors among large-scale factory workers using health belief model in Debre-Berhan town, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Sema Wondimu , Tessema Muluken
Published: September 2021

BackgroundPersonal protective equipment is designed to protect workers from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. ObjectiveTo determine Personal Protective Equipment utilization and its associated factor based on health belief model among large scale factory workers in Debre-Birhan, Ethiopia. MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was employed in Debre Berhan Town, North Shoa Ethiopia from April 1 st to May 1 st , 2021 using an interviewer administered structured questionnaires. A total of 412 samples were selected by systematic random sampling method. The data was entered by Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS. variables with a p-value of 0.2 was fitted for multiple logistic regressions and a p-value of <0.05 was statistically significant. ResultA total of 412 workers were participated in the study with a 100% response rate. The mean age was 29 (±7.3) years. Most workers 367 (89 %) knew that PPE can prevent work related injury and illness. Over all 172 (41.7 %) of the workers were considered to have good PPE utilization. Perceived susceptibility [AOR=1.2, 95 %, CI (1.076-1.38)], perceived severity, [AOR=1.1, 95 %, CI (1.088-1.163)], perceived self-efficacy, [AOR=1.2, 95 %, CI (1.082-1.349)], and Perceived barrier [AOR=0.87, 95 %, CI (0.800 -0.956)] were found to be significant predictors of good PPE utilization. ConclusionThe study revealed that good Personal protective equipment utilization in large scale factory workers. Perceived susceptibility perceived severity, perceived barrier and perceived self-efficacy were found to be predictors of PPE utilization.
Exosomal microRNA-486-5p From Adipose Derived Stem Cells Alleviate Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Osteoarthritis by Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Wang Yiming , Fan Aoyuan , Lu Liangyu , Pan Zhangyi , Ma Min , Luo Shulin , Liu Zheng , Yang Liqing , Cai Junfeng , Yin Feng
Published: September 2021

BackgroundAs one of the most common disabling diseases in the musculoskeletal system, osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized with cartilage matrix degeneration and chondrocyte apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is well known for participate in chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degeneration in OA progression. microRNAs (miRNAs) could function in cartilage homeostasis, yet limited is known regarding whether miRNA could modulate ER stress in chondrocytes. Here, we reported that exosomal microRNA-486-5p from adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) could alleviate chondrocyte apoptosis and osteoarthritis by attenuating ER stress MethodsER stress markers and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in OA knee joint by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. IL-1β induced apoptosis of chondrocytes was analyzed using flow cytometry. ER stress markers and inflammatory cytokines of IL-1β induced chondrocytes were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining, western blot and ELISA. miR-486-5p mimic overexpressed ADSCs and their exosomes were validated and used to treat IL-1β induced chondrocytes together with miR-486-5p mimic. Different administrative methods of miR-486-5p mimic were tracked both in vitro and in vivo, and further used to treat OA model mice. OA progression of mice was analyzed by H&E, safranin O/fast green, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining. ResultsWe validated the increased inflammation and ER stress in OA synovium and cartilage, and the IL-1β induced chondrocyte apoptosis was through the ER stress activation. Administration of exogenous miR-486-5p could not only inhibit the ER stress, but also alleviate chondrocytes apoptosis and promote matrix regeneration. In comparison with direct administration of miR-486-5p and miR-486-5p overexpressing ADSCs, exosomes seem to be a better delivery vehicle for miRNA in modulating chondrocyte homeostasis. Our immunofluorescence and IVIS imaging data further validated the better delivery ability of exosomes through tracking the uptake of miR486-5p in chondrocytes and the diffusion of miR-486-5p in the knee joint with different transportation methods. Exosomal microRNA-486-5p also showed a better effect on alleviating mice OA. ConclusionOur data demonstrated that exosomes are better delivery vehicle for miR-486-5p on alleviating chondrocyte apoptosis and osteoarthritis. This study provides evidence to this efficient strategy of exosomal miRNA delivery and to the miRNA-based therapy for OA.
STING Agonist Enhances the Efficacy of PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy by Activating the IFNβ Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yin Mingming , Hu Jinlong , Yuan Zhongxu , Luo Guangyi , Yao Jiaming , Wang Rundong , Liu Dongquan , Cao Baoqiang , Hu Zhiqi , Wu Wenyong
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This article focused on STING agonist role in breast cancer (BCa) immunotherapy.Methods: Clinical samples were collected from 37 BCa patients'. Xenograft tumor model was established by injecting 4T1 cells into mammary fat pad of mice. STING agonist and Atezolizumab were injected into mice with 2 times a week for 2 weeks. Peripheral blood, xenograft tumor, lung, liver, brain-cortex and kidney of mice were collected. Anti-IFNAR1 was used to treat 4T1 cells. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used for mRNA and proteins expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed. Results: Tumor tissues of BCa patients exhibited lower STING and high PD-1 and PD-L1 protein expression. STING agonist inhibited 4T1 cells growth in mice (P < 0.001). STING agonist increased IFNβ level and the phosphorylation of STING, TBK1, IRF3 and STAT1 in xenograft tumor (P < 0.001). STING agonist synergized with Atezolizumab to inhibit 4T1 cells growth in mice, and increase TNF-α, IFN-β and IL-10 level in peripheral blood and xenograft tumor (P < 0.01). STING agonist synergized with Atezolizumab to increase CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and decrease FOXP3+ Tregs cells in xenograft tumor. STING agonist was non-toxic to lung, liver, brain-cortex and kidney. Anti-IFNAR1 reversed STING agonist promotion on TBK1, IRF3 and STAT1 phosphorylation in 4T1 cells (P < 0.01).Conclusion: STING agonist enhances the efficacy of Atezolizumab in BCa immunotherapy by activating the IFNβ signaling pathway.
Seasonal Patterns and Trends of Air Pollution in The Upper Northern Thailand from 2004 to 2018
Authors: Sukkhum Sarawut , Lim Apiradee , Saelim Rattikan , Ingviya Thammasin
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal patterns and trends of air pollutants in upper northern Thailand (UNT) from 2004 to 2018. The hourly air pollutant concentration data recorded from 6 monitoring stations in the UNT were obtained from the Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Thailand. Cubic splines were used to assess seasonal patterns and trends of air pollutants. Linear regression was used to estimate the average increase in concentrations of air pollutants at each monitoring station. The results exhibited seasonal patterns for CO, NOX, NO2, O3, and PM10, in all stations while SO2 only in one station in Lampang and all stations in Chiangmai. The concentrations of these pollutants rose during August and September and reached peak levels between March and April. In the past 15 years, the levels of overall CO, O3, and SO2 in the UNT had significantly increased, on average of 0.032 ppm, 0.012 ppb, and 0.017 ppb, respectively. In contrast, NO2, NOX, and PM10 had significantly decreased on average of 0.012 ppb, 0.011 ppb, and 0.016 mg/m3, respectively. In conclusion, it should be of concern for such activities that related to air pollutants variation accordingly.
Changes in DNA methylation during pregnancy and after delivery
Authors: Lin Ming-Wei , Tsai Mong-Hsun , Shih Ching-Yu , Tai Yi-Yun , Lee Chien-Nan , Lin Shin-Yu , Li Hung-Yuan
Published: September 2021

Background

Gestational adaptation takes place soon after fertilization and continues throughout pregnancy, while women return to a pre-pregnancy state after delivery and lactation. However, little is known about the role of DNA methylation in the fine tuning of maternal physiology. In this study, we investigated whether and how the DNA methylation pattern changes in the three trimesters and after delivery in ten uncomplicated pregnancies.
Results

DNA methylation was measured using Human MethylationEPIC BeadChip. There are 14,018 CpG sites with statistically significant changes in DNA methylation over the four time periods (p < .001). Overall, DNA methylation of the non-pregnant state was higher than that of the three trimesters (p < .001), with the protein ubiquitination pathway the top canonical pathway involved. We classified these CpG sites into nine groups according to the changes in the three trimesters. During pregnancy, most CpG sites (61.63%) had subtle or no changes in DNA methylation (Group 9). There were 3,173 (22.64%) CpG sites in Group 7 and 995 (7.1%) CpG sites in Group 8, which were the two groups with DNA methylation changes between the first and second trimesters. The top systems involved in these two groups were associated with embryonic development and organ morphological changes, as shown by the IPA analysis.
Conclusion

The DNA methylation pattern changes between trimesters, which may be involved in maternal adaptation to pregnancy. Meanwhile, the DNA methylation patterns during pregnancy and in the postpartum period were different, implying that puerperium repair may also act through DNA methylation mechanisms.
Melanoma Detection By AFM Indentation of Histological Specimens
Authors: Jeon ByoungJun , Jung Hyo Gi , Lee Sang Won , Lee Gyudo , Shim Jung Hee , Kim Mi Ok , Kim Byung Jun , Kim Sang-Hyon , Lee Hyungbeen , Yoon Dae Sung , Jo Seong Jin , Choi Tae Hyun , Lee Wonseok
Published: September 2021

Melanoma is visible unlike other types of cancer, but it is still challenging to diagnose correctly because of the difficulty in distinguishing between benign nevus and melanoma. We conducted a robust investigation of melanoma, identifying considerable differences in local elastic properties between nevus and melanoma tissues by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation of histological specimens. Specifically, the histograms of the elasticity of melanoma displayed multimodal Gaussian distributions, exhibiting the heterogeneous mechanical properties, in contrast with the unimodal distributions of elasticity in the benign nevus. We identified this notable signature was consistent regardless of blotch incidence by sex, age, anatomical site (e.g., thigh, calf, arm, eyelid, and cheek), or cancer stage (I, IV, and V). In addition, we found that the non-linearity of the force-distance curves for melanoma is increased compared to benign nevus. We believe that AFM indentation of histological specimens may technically complement conventional histopathological analysis for earlier and more precise melanoma detection.
Photocatalytic Performance of a Novel Sr-Ce-TiO2/HAp for Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye in the Presence of Visible Light
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Alireza , Heshmatpour Felora
Published: September 2021

In this study, Sr-Ce-TiO2/HAp as a novel and efficient nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface area determination of porous using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and degradation of methylene blue under visible radiation was investigated. Evaluations showed that doped with metal cations and the presence of hydroxyapatite reduced energy gap, increased surface area, increased adsorption and decreased electron-hole recombination. The results also showed that more than 92% of methylene blue was removed within 100 min. The pseudo-first order reaction synthetic was obtained.
Building functional network neuroscience for reliable individual differences
Authors: Jiang Chao , Betzel Richard , He Ye , Wang Yin-Shan , Xing Xiu-Xia , Zuo Xi-Nian
Published: September 2021

A rapidly emerging application of network neuroscience in neuroimaging studies has provided useful tools to understand individual differences in complex brain function, i.e., the functional network neuroscience (FNN). However, the variability of methodologies applied across FNN studies - with respect to node definition, edge construction, and graph measurements- makes it difficult to directly compare findings and also challenging for end users to select the optimal strategies for mapping individual differences in brain networks. Here, we aim to provide a benchmark for best FNN practices by systematically comparing the measurement reliability of individual differences in FNN under different analytical strategies using the test-retest design of the Human Connectome Project. The results uncovered four essential principles to guide reliable FNN: 1) use a whole brain parcellation to define network nodes, including subcortical and cerebellar regions, 2) construct functional connectome using spontaneous brain activity in multiple slow bands, 3) optimize topological economy of networks at individual level, 4) characterise information flow with specific metrics of integration and segregation. We built an interactive online resource for reliable FNN (http://ibraindata.com/research/reliableFNN).
Challenges and Opportunities of Private Investment, Case of South Wollo Zone
Authors: ADO ABIYOT ALEMU , H. mulken
Published: September 2021

This paper was designed to analyze the challenges and opportunities of private investment in South Wollo zone manufacturing firms perspectives. The paper contains five parts; part one about the introduction section comprising of background of the study, problem statement, objectives, significance, and scope of the study, part two empirical and theoretical literature, part three the research methodology, part four the analysis of data, and part five summary of major findings, conclusion, and recommendation. Both primary and secondary data was utilized for the accomplishment of the intended objectives. The secondary data focused on the macro economic factors those are perceived to affect the smooth functioning of private investment and show the future potential of the private investment section. The totals of 34 manufacturing firms are surveyed in the paper using census method. In the time series data 10 years data was utilized and the investment distribution by sector and by region was also analyzed. The findings of the study showed that the distribution of investment both by sector and region was not fair enough. The macro economic factors can determine the growth of the private investment including the expansion of public investment. According to the findings in this paper distribution of investment by region was dominated by Addis Ababa (69.7%), Oromia, Amhara, Dire dawa, and SNNP regions took the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and the 5th ranks. The distribution by sector showed that rent, real estate, and business activities takes the highest investment with about 61.3% and Hotel and restaurant takes the lowest portion of investment with about 3% and the manufacturing sector takes the second rank with not more than 14.3% but in terms of approved project capitals the manufacturing takes the largest portion with about 31.6%. Lack of demand, getting credit, higher level of interest, infrastructure are among the major obstacles for private investment. Moreover the uncertainty variables can highly affect the investment sector. Demand uncertainty, interest rate uncertainty, and foreign exchange rate uncertainty variables are the major factors those affect the private investment sector. Macro-economic variables and the expansion of public investment affect the expansion of the private investment as the finding showed in this paper.
Attitudes, Perceptions, and Experiences of Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines in Malaysia: Do Age, Gender and Vaccine Type Matter?
Authors: Elnaem Mohamed Hassan , Taufik Nor Hidayah Mohd , Rahman Norny Syafinaz Ab , Nazar Nor Ilyani Mohd , Zin Che Suraya , Nuffer Wesley , Turner Christopher John
Published: September 2021

Background: Vaccination programs are crucial in global efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Little has been reported regarding the attitudes and experiences of participants in the ongoing Malaysian vaccination program. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of side effects with the COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted among vaccine-eligible and vaccinated individuals in Malaysia between May and July 2021. A self-administered 27-item questionnaire was developed and validated before distributing it through an online medium. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS version 22.Results: A total of 428 respondents completed the survey. More than half of the respondents (71.1%) were 18 to 45 years old, and 66.4% were females. A vast majority (98.6%) of the respondents had registered for the National COVID-19 Vaccination Program. A total of 20 participants (4.7%) expressed their concerns about either registering or receiving the COVID-19 vaccination, and the most reported concern was the uncertainty of vaccine safety. Among the study population, 332 participants (77.5%) received their vaccinations. About 50% received the Pfizer-BioNTech (Cominarty®) vaccine. A majority (76.8%) of the respondents experienced side effects following vaccination. Approximately 40% of the reported side effects occurred more with the second dose, particularly in those who received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (p < .0005). Pain at the injection site (61.1%) and tiredness (48.8%) were the most commonly reported side effects. Those who received Sinovac (CoronaVac®) vaccine were more likely to report fewer side effects than Pfizer-BioNTech (p = .012) and Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S) groups (p = .001). The logistic regression showed that all age groups, except those aged ≥ 60 years, were more likely to exhibit vaccine-related side effects. Male participants (OR: 0.51, CI:0.27-0.93) and those who received the Sinovac (CoronaVac®) vaccine (OR: 0.08, CI:0.03-0.22) were at lower risk of experiencing vaccine-related side effects.Conclusions: the overall attitudes toward the national vaccination program were positive, with a vast majority registered to be vaccinated. Several differences in the experiences of vaccine-related side effects in terms of prevalence and number were attributed to age, gender, and received vaccine type.
Extracorporeal Life Support in Kombination mit IABP : Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und Grenzen einer supportiven Therapie bei kardialem Versagen : Retrospektive Analyse von 118 Patienten
Authors:   , Erfle Franziska
Published: September 2021

Für Patienten mit lebensbedrohlichen Herzkrankheiten ist die Extracorporeal-Life-Support-Behandlung (ECLS) eine sinnvolle Therapiemöglichkeit. Sie bietet für Patienten im kardiogenen Schock ein Zeitfenster, um eine myokardiale Erholung zu erreichen. Hierbei kann in Abhängigkeit vom Krankheitsbild die zusätzliche Anwendung von IABP die Heilungschancen begünstigen. In der durchgeführten retrospektiven Studie wurden 118 Patienten betrachtet, die in der Klinik für Thorax-, Herz- und thorakale Gefäßchirurgie der Universität Frankfurt am Main im Zeitraum von Dezember 2001 bis Ende 2013 eine ECLS-Therapie erhalten haben. Bei 59 Patienten wurde die ECLS-Unterstützung in Kombination mit IABP durchgeführt. Die beiden Patientenkollektive - mit und ohne IABP- sind hinsichtlich ihrer Risikofaktoren vergleichbar. Ausgehend von der Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit wurde analysiert, ob der gleichzeitige Einsatz der IABP bei ECLS – Therapie von Vor- oder sogar von Nachteil ist. Hierfür wurden für die beiden Therapiegruppen Überlebenszeitanalysen nach Kaplan-Meier durchgeführt. Der statistische Vergleich der Überlebensraten und des Weaningerfolgs erfolgte mit Hilfe des Log-Rank-Tests. Die Auswertung der erhobenen Daten hat ergeben, dass kein signifikanter Unterschied bei der 30-Tages-Überlebensrate und dem Weaningerfolg für die beiden Patientenkollektive mit und ohne zusätzliche IABP-Anwendung vorhanden ist. Risikofaktoren wie ein hohes Lebensalter oder eine bereits vor Einlieferung stattgefundene Intubation verringern außerdem die Überlebenschancen nach ECLS - Therapie. Ein fortgeschrittenes NYHA-Stadium konnte nicht als negativer prädiktiver Faktor identifiziert werden. In der Literatur kommt man bezüglich der Mortalität unter alleiniger ECLS-Therapie oder dem zusätzlichen Einsatz einer IABP zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. Diese besagen teilweise, dass ECLS und IABP einander ergänzende Methoden sind, die sich durchaus synergistisch auf den Behandlungserfolg auswirken können und dass die Mortalität beim zusätzlichen Einsatz einer IABP signifikant niedriger ist. Die Durchführung weiterer prospektiver Studien mit vergleichbaren Patientenkollektiven zur Untersuchung des Outcomes bei den unterschiedlichen Behandlungsmethoden ist jedoch erforderlich, um ein aussagekräftiges Fazit ziehen zu können.
Autopercepção e conhecimento em saúde bucal de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde de um município baiano, Brasil
Authors: Pereira Inglide da Silveira , Carvalho Fábio Silva de , Carvalho Cristiane Alves Paz
Published: September 2021

Objetivos: Avaliar a autopercepção e o conhecimento em saúde bucal do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS). Material e método: Estudo realizado no município de Cruz das Almas-BA com 127 ACS, de 15 unidades de saúde, das quais 12 apresentam equipes de saúde bucal. Foram utilizados dois questionários de abordagem quantitativa. Resultados: Aproximadamente 87,0% dos ACS afirmaram necessitar de tratamento de seus dentes ou gengivas e classificaram como regulares tanto sua saúde bucal (64,6%) quanto a aparência dos seus dentes e gengivas (60,6%). Cerca de 90,0% respondeu que a educação em saúde bucal é atribuição do ACS, embora 55,9% não realizem ou fazem orientação apenas eventualmente, durante as visitas. Conclusões: Os ACS mostraram-se críticos quanto a própria saúde bucal e apresentaram conhecimento adequado. Verificou-se a necessidade de realizar educação continuada em saúde bucal, para que os ACS se tornem mais capacitados e seguros nas orientações e encaminhamento dos usuários ao serviço de saúde.
Tratamento odontológico em portador da Doença de Huntington: relato de caso
Authors: Raffaele Regina Maria , Baldo Mario Eduardo , Oliveira Renata Lanzonni de , Nascimento Paulo Pereira do , Bastos Paulo Roberto Haidamus de Oliveira , Gaetti Jardim Ellen Cristina
Published: September 2021

Caracterizada por um distúrbio neurodegenerativo progressivo autossômico dominante, a doença de Huntington interfere na capacidade de movimento, interação cognitiva além de causar trantornos comportamentais nos individuos diagnosticados com a enfermidade. Dependendo do estadiamento e do grau de comprometimento neuromotor a adesão voluntária à propostas terapeuticas como o tratamento odontológico fica comprometida. Este estudo relata o caso raro de um portador da doença de Huntington do sexo masculino com 23 anos, diagnosticado com a doença desde 2017. A abordagem em âmbito hospitalar sob sedação foi adotada considerando as limitações físicas e segurança para o paciente bem como a complexidade e extensão dos procedimentos odontológicos necessários.
A tomada de decisão no uso de sistema de fixação absorvível em cirurgias bucomaxilofaciais: revisão sistemática
Authors: Medrado Filho Nilton Freitas , Melo César Antonio Araújo , Cunha Gilda Araújo Azevedo , Nascimento Yasmin Rebeca Santos , Souza Georgia Costa de Araújo
Published: September 2021

Introdução: As fraturas ósseas faciais são muito comuns em lesões de face, destacando-se as fraturas mandibulares. Para o tratamento delas é necessário haver um sistema de fixação a fim de restaurar o osso fraturado, sua forma e função. Objetivo: Identificar fatores influenciadores do uso de sistemas de fixação absorvíveis em cirurgias buco maxilo faciais. Material e método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática feita nas bases de dados MEDLINE, BBO e SciELO, no período de agosto de 2019 a setembro de 2020 nos portais da PubMed e BVS. Dentre os 322 achados e após utilização de filtros, leitura de títulos e resumos, foram incluídos 30 artigos para compor a revisão. Resultados: Os achados do estudo revelam existir uma série de fatores influenciáveis na escolha do melhor material, tais como: sua aplicação em pacientes pediátricos ou adultos, a palpabilidade das placas, a resistência, as principais medidas de satisfação, o envolvimento com doenças malignas, complicações e novidades que a literatura vem discutindo sobre o tipo de material. Conclusão: O uso de placas absorvíveis é aconselhado para uso pediátrico, pois minimizam as restrições ao crescimento, dispensam a necessidade de uma cirurgia secundária, reduzindo, assim, gastos hospitalares. Além disso, as placas biodegradáveis originam exames de imagem com menos artefatos, de modo que não comprometem diagnósticos em pacientes com neoplasias.
Conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia sobre a prescrição antibiótica em tratamentos endodônticos
Authors: Arnaud Rachel Reinaldo , Costa Jéssica Bianca Risucci de França , Romão Thaynara Cavalcante Moreira , Santos Manuela Gouvêia Campêlo dos , Silva Fábio Victor Dias , Andrade Kauana da Silva , Silva Liandra Pamela de Lima
Published: September 2021

Introdução: O uso de antibióticos na endodontia tem sido cada vez mais restrito e há uma preocupação quanto ao uso dessas drogas. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos acadêmicos de Odontologia do Centro Universitário de João Pessoa - UNIPÊ, do sexto e décimo períodos, sobre a prescrição de antibióticos no tratamento endodôntico. Material e método: A amostra correspondeu a 105 participantes. O estudo apresentou uma abordagem descritiva e exploratória, utilizando um questionário. Os dados foram tabulados em uma plataforma do Microsoft Excel e analisados mediante estatística descritiva (valores de frequência absoluta e percentual). Resultados: Os estudantes relataram que esporadicamente apresentam dúvidas ao prescrever antibióticos sistêmicos. A maior parte dos alunos concluintes não soube identificar qual o tipo de receituário deve ser utilizado para prescrever e a validade da receita a partir da data de emissão. O medicamento de primeira escolha, indicado como coadjuvante ao tratamento endodôntico, foi descrito corretamente. Os participantes das duas turmas, não apresentaram certeza quanto aos casos que merecem a prescrição antimicrobiana e quais os pacientes de risco em que é preconizado a realização da profilaxia antibiótica. Conclusão: A maioria dos acadêmicos avaliados apresentaram conhecimento razoável evidenciando a necessidade contínua de atualização dos alunos quanto aos protocolos estipulados.
Learning Leaders: Teaching and Learning Frameworks in Flux Impacted by the Global Pandemic
Authors: Cox Margaret , Quinn Barry
Published: September 2021

This article builds on the work of EDUsummIT2019’s thematic working group 2 (TWG2) focus on “Learning as Learning Leaders: How does leadership for learning emerge beyond the traditional teaching models?” Using the well-established theoretical frameworks of Entwistle (1987) and Shulman (1987) the most significant influences on how learning leaders need to adjust to accommodate the dramatic increase in remote online learning are identified. The major influences include learners’ previous knowledge, self-confidence, abilities and motives, and changes between learning initiated by teachers and that by learners. COVID-19 has caused a massive upskilling of people in all facets of society from children to grandparents, from media to consumers, and from policy makers to practitioners. None of the alignments nor factors identified in this article are static and learning leaders need to perpetually reconsider the factors identified to achieve successful learning outcomes. The ongoing challenges for educators in this changing world are in a permanent state of flux with an increasing IT literate society across all formal and informal sectors of education.
Creation and verification of spatial mathematical model of vibrating machine with two self-synchronizing unbalanced exciters
Authors: Lyan Ilya , Panovko Grigory , Shokhin Alexander
Published: September 2021

Vibration technological machines with self-synchronized unbalanced vibration exciters (vibrating conveyors, vibrating screens, vibrating crushers, etc.) are widely used in modern industry. Despite drive construction simplicity throughout exploitation of such machines a number of nonlinear dynamics effects can be observed. Most of such effects are related to machine drive and elastic suspension interaction and appear while passing through resonant frequencies. Nowadays the idea of resonant vibrating machines creation got a second breathe. The distinctive feature of such machines is the automated system for maintaining resonant mode of machine. Creation of such automated systems requires accurate mathematical models of vibrating machines that can reflect its most important features. The aim of this work is to create a spatial mathematical model and determine the dynamic system unknown parameters of a vibrating screen experimental sample with two self-synchronizing unbalanced vibration exciters that can create the working body spatial motion. The mathematical model motion equations are derived using the Lagrange equations of the second kind. Using the obtained experimental data (natural frequencies and logarithmic damping decrement), the mathematical model mass-geometric parameters and the damping parameters values were calculated. The investigation result is a verified mathematical model of a vibrating screen sample with two self-synchronizing unbalanced vibration exciters.
Factor V H1299r (Hr2) Heterozygosity: A Risk Factor For Recurrent Implantation Failure Particularly In Non-Carriers For Factor V Leiden Mutation-A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ozgu-Erdinc A. Seval , Gulsen Coban Pınar , Yilmaz Nafiye , Candemir Zuhal , Yilmaz Saynur , Erkaya Salim
Published: September 2021

Objective: The association between recurrent implantation failure and thrombophilia is still controversial depending on the published reports with conflicting results. In this study, we aimed to assess the clinical relevance of screening women with recurrent implantation failure for some thrombophilic variants including factor V H1299R (FV HR2) haplotype.
Study Design: A total of 279 women were recruited in this case-control study. 229 women with a history of recurrent implantation failure and 50 fertile control with no history of pregnancy losses were screened for eight specific gene mutations, regarding factor V G1691A gene (FV Leiden), FV HR2, factor II prothrombin G20210A, factor XIII V34L, PAI-1 4G/5G, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C and A3 haplotype of the endothelial cell protein C receptor gene.
Results: Recurrent implantation failure group displayed a significantly higher prevalence of FV HR2 heterozygosity than fertile controls while the frequency of FV Leiden mutation was comparable between groups (p=0.011; p=0.619). Additionally, the difference in the prevalence of other specific or total gene mutations among women with recurrent implantation failure was also insignificant.
Discussion: The primer outcome of this study was the co-existence of the higher prevalence of FV HR2 haplotype and the insignificant percentage of FV Leiden mutation in women with recurrent implantation failure. Thus, we emphasize that the HR2 haplotype may be associated with recurrent implantation failure particularly in non-carriers for FV Leiden mutation. In the necessity of screening for thrombophilia in recurrent implantation failure, HR2 haplotype should be involved in the searched gene panel particularly in the absence of FV Leiden mutation. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to investigate whether screening or treatment for HR2 haplotype has any detrimental impact on implantation success in cases of recurrent implantation failure.
Re-emergence of dry toilets and fecal nutrient reuse in M'zab cities
Authors: Bekaddour Sara , Ait-Mouheb Nassim , Hartani Tarik
Published: September 2021

In the M'zab valley, dry toilets represent an ancestral dry sanitation system, serving as a source of fertilizer thanks to human excrement valorization. However, in the 20th century, local populations began to shun these systems. The objective of this article is to illustrate the importance of dry toilets on agricultural and environmental scales in ancient M'Zab, and the renewal of these systems in response to sanitation problems in the oasis after their decline. The hypothesis put forward is that dry toilets can act as a complementary system to conventional sanitation systems. Data were collected through interviews with the local population. Our results show that the use of dry toilets, and the resulting use of human excrement as fertilizer, has gone through three phases. First, a phase of strong recycling dynamics, followed by a second phase of decline in dry toilet use which is linked to the discovery of the Albian aquifer and flush toilet adoption. The third phase is characterized by dry toilet reuse in response to oasis degradation caused by sanitation and environmental problems. Some oasesians have taken the initiative to revert to dry toilets to ensure oasis system sustainability and to revive the practice of recycling human waste.
Prediction of land surface temperature of major coastal cities of India using bidirectional LSTM neural networks
Authors: Maddu Rajesh , Vanga Abhishek Reddy , Sajja Jashwanth Kumar , Basha Ghouse , Shaik Rehana
Published: September 2021

Surface Temperature (ST) is important in terms of surface energy and terrestrial water balances affecting urban ecosystems. In this study, to process the nonlinear changes of climatological variables by leveraging the distinct advantages of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), we propose an LSTM-BiLSTM hybrid deep learning model which extracts multi-dimension features of inputs, i.e., backward (future to past) or forward (past to future) to predict ST. This study assessed the climatological variables, i.e., wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, dew point temperature, and atmospheric pressure impact on ST using five major coastal cities of India: Chennai, Mangalore, Visakhapatnam, Cuddalore, and Cochin. The Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and hybrid LSTM-BiLSTM models have effectively predicted ST and outperformed the standalone Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), LSTM, and BiLSTM models. The RNN and LSTM-BiLSTM models have performed better in predicting ST for Mangalore (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE)=0.91), followed by Cochin (NSE=0.89), Chennai (NSE=0.88), Cuddalore (NSE=0.88), and Vishakhapatnam (NSE=0.81). The hybrid data-driven modeling framework indicated that coupling the LSTM and BiLSTM models was proven effective in predicting the ST of coastal cities.
Experimental study on phosphate rock modified soil-bentonite as a cut-off wall material
Authors: Li Yuheng , Zeng Xing , Lin Zhi , Su Jia , Gao Tong , Deng Renjian , Liu Xi
Published: September 2021

Phosphate rock has great potential value in the application of cut-off walls for heavy metal contaminated sites. The effects of initial concentration of Pb2+, contact time, temperature and pH on the adsorption performance of phosphate rock modified soil-bentonite (PSB) were analyzed by Batch tests, and the microstructure and physicochemical properties of the adsorbent were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the incorporation of phosphate rock improves the adsorption performance of the mixed material for Pb2+ in an acidic environment, and the maximum adsorption amount of PSB can be 154% greater than that of soil-bentonite (SB). Kinetic analysis showed that intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion both participate in control of the adsorption process, and the Langmuir model fitted the isothermal adsorption data better. The adsorption process of PSB to Pb2+ is an exothermic reaction process, and a low temperature environment is beneficial to the adsorption of Pb2+. Studies on the microscopic mechanism show that PO43− reacts with Pb2+ in solution to form phosphate precipitation, and –OH and PO43− are on the surface or interlayer of the adsorbent participate in the adsorption process of Pb2+.
Microscopically analyzed interface behavior characteristics of acid precipitation on asphalt surface
Authors: Yu Tengjiang , Zhou Lan , Zhang Haitao , Wang Haomin , Chen Dan
Published: September 2021

It is generally believed that the interaction between acid precipitation and asphalt has an effect on the performance of drainage asphalt pavement, but studies on the interface behavior characteristics from microscopic analysis are rare. Therefore, molecular dynamics (MD) was used to simulate the interfacial transition zone of precipitation (neutral and acid) and asphalt in the study, and the interfacial behavior characteristics of precipitation on asphalt surface were microscopically analyzed. Additionally, the composition of acid precipitation was configured in the laboratory, and the contact angles of precipitation solutions (SO42− and NO3−) on asphalt surface also verified the interface behavior characteristics between acid precipitation and asphalt. The results showed that the interaction of acid precipitation and asphalt is stronger than that of neutral precipitation, which makes it more difficult to remove from the surface of drainage asphalt pavement. With the increase of service temperature for drainage asphalt pavement, the interaction energy increases. Under the coupling effect of acid precipitation and low service temperature, water damage to the drainage asphalt pavement is more easily induced. The results revealed the micro-effect of acid precipitation and service temperature on drainage efficiency of an asphalt surface, which has certain theoretical significance and practical value for the application and exploration of drainage asphalt pavement.
Evaluation of Electromyogram Signals in the Control of Prosthetic Limb: A Review
Authors: Sharma Tanu , Sharma Krishna Pal , Veer Karan
Published: September 2021

:

Electromyogram (EMG) signals are produced by the human body and are used in prosthetic
design due to their significant functionality with human biomechanics. Engineers are capable
of developing a variety of prosthetic limbs with the advancement of technology in the domain
of biomedical signal processing, as limb amputees can restore their lives with the help of prosthetic
limbs. This current review aimed at determining the signals that are used to monitor the device,
explaining the various steps and techniques involved (such as data acquisition, feature vector conversion
after noise, and redundant data removal), and reviewing previously developed electromyogram-
based prosthetic controls. Furthermore, this study also focuses on a variety of electromyogram-
controlled applications.
A Clinical Perspective of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors in
Metabolic and Related Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Verma Kanika , Jain Smita , Paliwal Swati , Paliwal Sarvesh , Sharma Swapnil
Published: September 2021

Epoxide hydrolase (EH) is a crucial enzyme responsible for catabolism, detoxification,
and regulation of signaling molecules in various organisms including human beings. In mammals,
EHs are classified according to their DNA sequence, sub-cellular location, and activity into eight
major classes: soluble EH (sEH), microsomal EH (mEH), leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H),
cholesterol EH (ChEH), hepoxilin EH, paternally expressed gene 1 (peg1/MEST), EH3, and EH4.
The sEH, an α/β-hydrolase fold family enzyme, is an emerging pharmacological target in multiple
diseases namely, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, chronic pain, fibrosis, diabetes,
pulmonary diseases, and immunological disease. It exhibits prominent physiological effects
including anti-inflammatory, anti-migratory, and vasodilatory effects. Its efficacy has been documented
in various clinical trials and observational studies. This review specifically highlights the
development of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHIs) in the clinical setting for the management
of metabolic syndrome and related disorders, such as cardiovascular effects, endothelial dysfunction,
arterial disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, heart failure, and dyslipidemia. In addition,
limitations and future aspects of sEHIs have also been highlighted which will help the investigators
to bring the sEHI to the clinics.
Chemical Constituents, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Pharmacology, and Toxicity of Dysphania Ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Formerly Chenopodium Ambrosioides L.
Authors: Kamdem Boniface Pone , Le Doux Kamto Eutrophe , Paumo Hugues Kamdem , Katata-Seru Lebogang Maureen , Pegnyemb Dieudonné Emmanuel , Igne Ferreira Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Background:

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants is an aromatic herb native to South America but also distributed widely throughout Africa and Europe. This plant is traditionally used to treat various ailments including pain and swellings, flu, parasitic diseases and is used as an analgesic, antipyretic, and wound healing. Phytochemical analyses of D. ambrosioides revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, fatty acids, and miscellaneous compounds, among others, which might be responsible for its modern pharmacological actions.

Objective:

The present work summarizes recent developments on phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal use, pharmacology, and toxicity of D. ambrosioides. A critical assessment of the literature information of D. ambrosioides is also presented.

Methods:

The available information on D. ambrosioides was collected through libraries and electronic databases [Scifinder, ACS, Scielo, Science direct, Pubmed (National Library of Medicine), Wiley, Springer, PROTA, Web of Science, Google Web, Yahoo search and Google scholar] from respective inception until January 2021.

Results:

More than 150 compounds, including terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, fatty acids, and miscellaneous compounds, etc., were identified from D. ambrosioides. D. ambrosioides exhibited a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, anticancer, insecticidal, antigiardial, among others. Metal nanoparticles synthesized from D. ambrosioides extracts presented enhanced pharmacological activities as compared to the crude plant extracts counterparts.

Conclusion:

D. ambrosioides is a promising medicinal plant, however, more in vivo experiments, cytotoxicity tests, and mechanisms of actions of its extracts and compounds are recommended to transubstantiate the ethnomedicinal claims of this plant into scientific rationale-based information.
The New Standardised Approach as a Credible Fallback
Authors: Rossignolo Adrián F.
Published: September 2021

The paper intends to measure the effect of Basel IV’s revamped Standardised Approach (SA) as a credible fallback to the Internal Models Approach. Using equity portfolios in the UK and US, the analysis reveals somewhat high Minimum Capital Requirements (MCR), conferring these figures an extra conservative nature. This, In turn, would generate disincentives to develop precise Internal Models stifling financial innovation, which could be remedied introducing slight changes in SA’s specification. A simulation analysis shows that, varying the fixed components of the formula alongside the introduction of calibration parameters, the output floor could be tailored to suit the needs of the local regulators using a stressed yardstick like the Loss Coverage Ratio, although every precaution must be taken in this regard. The present study ranks amongst the first to quantify the level of the output floor outside the BCBS and evaluate it against a crisis of considerable magnitude, finding that the current configuration delivers relatively excessive MCRs and, furthermore, providing alternative solutions that could enable the constitution of adequate –albeit not disproportionate- capital coverage.
Discretion in the application of the goodwill impairment test in European banks
Authors: Pallarés Sanchidrián Jorge , Pérez García Javier , Gonzalo-Angulo José A.
Published: September 2021

In the absence of amortization of goodwill, the purpose of this study is to identify whether the impairment test was applied uniformly between 2005 and 2015 at the 45 biggest banks in Europe, during the first decade of IFRS application. Likewise, an attempt has been made to verify whether such application has been insufficient and late. Through a significant sample, statistical tools already widely used in other studies have been applied to contrast the behavior of entities. The results obtained show that impairment policies have been applied unevenly in each of the countries. These conclusions could support the return to a valuation pattern that takes into account the systematic amortization of goodwill, apart from its impairment. This paper reveals how impairment in European banks has been recognized during a crucial period of time that includes a major financial crisis. The study suggests a discretionary and opportunistic implementation of accounting regulations which does not reveal the economic conditions inherent to the financial activity of the leading European banks, making comparability difficult and, ultimately, making the financial information less relevant.