bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milk Urea Content and Î´13C as Potential Tool for Differentiation of Milk from Organic and Conventional Low- and High-Input Farming Systems
Authors: Zhukova Yaroslava , Petrov Pylyp , Demikhov Yuriy , Mason Alex , Korostynska Olga
Published: October 2017

The influence of farming type (conventional or organic) and production system (low-and high-input) on various quality characteristics of milk have been in the focus of studies over the last decade. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of different dairy management and production systems on carbon stable isotopes ratio (Î´13C) and milk urea content. The samples of raw milk were collected each two weeks at certified organic high-input and low-input farms, conventional high-input and low-input farms in late indoor period and outdoor period. Data analysis showed clear difference between milk from organic high- and low-input farms with non-overlapping range between -22.90 â€° and -24.70â€° for Î´13Ð¡ in protein fraction (equal 1.80â€°) and between -25.90â€° and -28.20â€° (equal 2.30â€°) for Î´13Ð¡ in fat fraction independently from season factor, as for Î”Î´13Ð¡ (protein-fat) values in milk from high-input (1.50-3.00â€°) and low-input (3.20-6.30â€°) organic farms. Analysis of correlation between Î´13Ð¡ in protein fraction and milk urea content values showed that during late indoor period the most significant difference was detected between milk from organic low-input and conventional high-input farms (5.85â€° for Î´13Ð¡ in protein fraction and 4.65 mg/100 g of milk urea content). During outdoor period, the non-overlapping range was established for low-input and high-input organic farms (3.40â€° for Î´13Ð¡ in protein fraction and 10.77 mg/100 g of milk urea content). Results of Î´13Ð¡ values in fat and protein milk fractions, as combination of Î´13Ð¡ in protein fraction and milk urea content could be a potential tool for the distinguish of milk from different farming types, based on different feed composition.
Fatty Acid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tricholoma Imbricatum and T. Focale
Authors: Kaplaner Erhan , Singeç Mehmet Hüseyin , Öztürk Mehmet
Published: October 2017

Edible mushrooms are one of the important food source because of their tastes, and having high concentration of fatty acids and the other nutrients. In this study, fatty acid composition and antioxidant properties of Tricholoma imbricatum and T. focale were determined. The fatty acids were analysed by GC, and GC-MS while the antioxidant activity was tested using five complimentary methods; namely, β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH scavenging, ABTS scavenging, CUPRAC and metal chelating assays. Eight fatty acids were determined in hexane extract, and oleic acid was the major fatty acid with 46.4% and 35.0%, respectively. Palmitic acid (12.8%, and 5.12%) and lineloic acid (28.2% and 31.0%) were also detected in high amounts. In DPPH.scavenging and ABTSÂ·+ scavenging assays, the methanol extract of T. imbricatum (IC50: 0.12±0.01 mg/mL for both assay) showed better antioxidant activity than those of T. focale (IC50>0.8±0.01, and IC50: 0.21±0.01 mg/mL). All extracts of T. focale exhibited good activity in β-carotene-linoleic acid assay while only the hexane extract of T. imbricatum showed activity. Both mushroom indicated moderate in cupric reducing power. Since the mushrooms are nontoxic and edible, both can be used in food industry as preservatives.
Determination of Spatiotemporal Variations in Heavy Metal Concentration through Orontes River
Authors: Kılıç Ece , Can Mehmet Fatih
Published: October 2017

Water quality in surface waters is an important concern since it directly affects public health. Therefore, to provide adequate quality of water, monitoring studies have been conducted all around the world. In this study, multivariate statistical methods were used to understand the spatial and temporal changes in heavy metal concentration (including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn) through Orontes River. Monitoring study results belonging to 5 different stations in Orontes River was obtained from State of Hydraulic Works and evaluated according to Box and Whisker plots, two-way PERMONAVA analysis and Mann-Kendall trend test. Results indicated that heavy metal concentrations has been increasing year by year. However, there is no significant spatial change in heavy metal concentration and rather homogenous distribution was observed through Orontes River. On the other hand, Iron (Fe) concentration in river was seasonal depended with no significant trend.
Risk Adjusted Production Efficiency of Maize Farmers in Ethiopia: Implication for Improved Maize Varieties Adoption
Authors: Lemessa Sisay Diriba , Yismawu Molla Alemayehu , Daksa Megersa Debela , Watabaji Mulugeta Damie
Published: October 2017

This study analyzes the technical efficiency and production risk of 862 maize farmers in major maize producing regions of Ethiopia. It employs the stochastic frontier approach (SFA) to estimate the level of technical efficiencies of stallholder farmers. The stochastic frontier approach (SFA) uses flexible risk properties to account for production risk. Thus, maize production variability is assessed from two perspectives, the production risk and the technical efficiency. The study also attempts to determine the socio-economic and farm characteristics that influence technical efficiency of maize production in the study area. The findings of the study showed the existence of both production risk and technical inefficiency in maize production process. Input variables (amounts per hectare) such as fertilizer and labor positively influence maize output. The findings also show that farms in the study area exhibit decreasing returns to scale. Fertilizer and ox plough days reduce output risk while labor and improved seed increase output risk. The mean technical efficiency for maize farms is 48 percent. This study concludes that production risk and technical inefficiency prevents the maize farmers from realizing their frontier output. The best factors that improve the efficiency of the maize farmers in the study area include: frequency of extension contact, access to credit and use of intercropping. It was also realized that altitude and terracing in maize farms had influence on farmer efficiency.
As escolas étnicas polonesas e as leis de nacionalização do ensino (1889-1930)
Authors: Boçoen Rodrigo , Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni Marisa
Published: October 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo, analisar as formas encontradas pelas escolas étnicas polonesas para adaptarem-se às leis de nacionalização do ensino no estado do Paraná, no período correspondente à Primeira República Brasileira (1889-1930). Essas escolas preservavam as características étnicas do grupo, em especial, a língua polonesa. De natureza bibliográfica e documental, fundamentou-se nos estudos de Wachowicz (2002), Renk (2009) e Certeau (1998), entre outros. Além disso, foi consultada a legislação educacional do período estudado. Como resultado, foi possível observar a existências de tática de adaptação das escolas étnicas às leis de nacionalização de ensino, sem perder, entretanto, suas características étnicas.
PENDIDIKAN AGAMA DI SEKOLAH UMUM KURUN WAKTU 2003 s.d. 2014
Authors: Mulkeis Mulkeis
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Islamic education is a subject that gives the basics of Islamic religious knowledge to the learners. Through Islamic Education students will be expected to have faith and devotion to Allah., Virtuous noble character (moral noble), and have sufficient knowledge of Islam that has resistance at the same time can have a power filter to a variety of negative effects arising from the environment. However, the current reality shows that such expectations not reached its full potential. This is partly visible from the declining interest and motivation of learners studying Islamic education and the decline in religious practice learners in everyday life, for example lazy conducting worship, fight or not to obey their parents and teachers, fighting with fellow learners, lazy learning etc. Various problems and challenges faced in the implementation of Islamic religious education require introspection of all stakeholders in an effort to make improvements, so that the objectives of Islamic religious education in schools can be achieved optimally. It required sinergivitas of all related components, especially the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Ministry of Education and Culture and Local Government to make the perception of the implementation of Islamic religious education in schools.Keywords: Education, moral values, Islamic Religious. Abstrak: Pendidikan Islam adalah subjek yang memberikan dasar-dasar pengetahuan agama Islam kepada peserta didik. Melalui Pendidikan Islam siswa akan diharapkan memiliki keimanan dan ketaqwaan kepada Allah. Akhlak mulia (moral yang mulia), dan memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup tentang Islam yang memiliki ketahanan pada saat yang sama dapat memiliki daya filter untuk berbagai efek negatif yang timbul dari lingkungan. Namun, kenyataan saat ini menunjukkan bahwa harapan tersebut tidak tercapai secara maksimal. Hal ini sebagian terlihat dari menurunnya minat dan motivasi peserta didik belajar pendidikan Islam dan penurunan peserta didik praktek keagamaan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, misalnya ibadah melakukan malas, melawan atau tidak mematuhi orang tua dan guru mereka, berkelahi dengan sesama peserta didik, malas belajar dll. Berbagai masalah dan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan agama Islam membutuhkan introspeksi dari semua pemangku kepentingan dalam upaya untuk melakukan perbaikan, sehingga tujuan pendidikan agama Islam di sekolah-sekolah dapat dicapai secara optimal. Untuk itu diperlukan sinergivitas dari semua komponen terkait, khususnya Kementerian Agama, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan dan Pemerintah Daerah untuk membuat persepsi pelaksanaan pendidikan agama Islam di sekolah-sekolahKata Kunci: Education, moral values, Islamic Religious
URGENSI RETORIKA DALAM AKTIVITAS DAKWAH
Authors: Rafiq Mohd.
Published: October 2017

AbstractArt and the ability to speak (rhetoric) in front of audiences is needed in various dimensions of life, especially regarding the profession as a da'i. For a preacher (da’i), rhetoric is very vital and urgent to be mastered, because its significance to the  way of  dakwah islamiyah. Rhetoric intended to convey the truth of the Quran and Hadith, to change the audience to run a of the commanding of Allah to the amar ma’ruf nahi munkar. Practically, rhetoric becomes a necessity for the preacher to be able to carry out the mission of preaching in an orderly, well-planned, structured, conceptualized, and systematic.Many verses of the Qur’an lead preachers to use good rhetoric (fannul khitabah) for doing the activity of dakwah. In surah An-Nahl verse 125, Allah explains that, dakwah activity must be done with hikmah,  mau'izhah and Mujadalah.  Mujadalah (dialogue in a good way) in this case is understood as a form of rhetoric. Furthermore, the surah Fushilat verse 33 Allah states that the best word (rhetoric) is to call people when carried into the path of Allah (da'wah). It means that calls to the path of Allah is an activity that is best therefore these efforts should also be done in the best way anyway, having 'stance, continuous and without knowing despair coupled with the nature of genuine (sincere) solely because of GodKeyword: Urgency, Rhetoric, Activity, Da'wah  AbstrakSeni dan kemampuan berbicara (retorika) di depan khalayak yang dibutuhkan dalam berbagai dimensi kehidupan, terutama mengenai profesi sebagai da'i a. Untuk seorang pengkhotbah (da'i), retorika sangat penting dan segera untuk dikuasai, karena maknanya dengan cara dakwah islamiyah. Retorika dimaksudkan untuk menyampaikan kebenaran Al-Quran dan Hadis, untuk mengubah penonton untuk menjalankan dari perintah Allah dengan amar ma'ruf nahi munkar. Bisa dibilang, retorika menjadi suatu keharusan bagi pendeta untuk dapat melaksanakan misi dakwah secara tertib, terencana, terstruktur, dikonsep, dan systematic.Many ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an menyebabkan pengkhotbah untuk menggunakan retorika yang baik (khitbah fannul ) untuk melakukan aktivitas dakwah. Dalam surah An-Nahl ayat 125, Allah menjelaskan bahwa, kegiatan dakwah harus dilakukan dengan hikmah, mauizah dan Mujadilah. Mujadilah (dialog dalam cara yang baik) dalam hal ini dipahami sebagai bentuk retorika. Selain itu, surah Fussilat ayat 33 Allah menyatakan bahwa yang terbaik kata (retorika) adalah untuk memanggil orang-orang ketika dibawa ke jalan Allah (dakwah). Ini berarti bahwa panggilan ke jalan Allah adalah kegiatan yang terbaik karena itu upaya ini juga harus dilakukan dengan cara yang terbaik pula, memiliki 'sikap, terus menerus dan tanpa mengetahui putus asa ditambah dengan sifat asli (tulus) semata-mata karena Allah.Kata Kunci: Urgensi, Rhetorika, Kegiatan, Dakwah
TARAWIH DAN TAHAJJUD (Tinjauan Persamaan Dan Perbedaan Dalam Pelaksanaan Dan Keutamaan)
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Mahmud
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Tarawih prayer is prescribed only in the month of Ramadan. Outside of Ramadan, not prescribed tarawih prayers. Even though someone sunnah prayers at night, but if not in the month of Ramadan, it's not tarawih, but merely pray night or tahajjud. Prophet nightly routine prayers tahajjud, both within and outside the Ramadan month of Ramadan. In particular at night during Ramadan, he worked on an addition, tarawih prayer done at the beginning of the night coupled with evening prayers', which is exemplified by the Prophet in congregation in the mosque. While praying tahajjud done at the end of the night after waking from sleep, do it more often he is alone in his house, even if there is a history ever done in congregation in the mosque. The most important time to pray or tahajjud night this is the last third of the night or at dawn. Key Words: Prayer, Taraweeh, Tahajud  Abstrak: Sholat Tarawih disyariatkan hanya pada bulan Ramadhan. Diluar dari bulan Ramadhan, tidak disyariatkan untuk melaksanakan sholat Tarawih. Meskipun seseorang yang melaksanakan sholat sunnah pada malah hari, tetapi jika tidak di malam bulan Ramadhan, tidak disebut dengan sholat Tarawih, tetapi itu hanya sholat Malam atau Tahajjud. Nabi selalu rutin shalat malam atau tahajud, baik di bulan Ramadhan maupun di luar bulan Ramadhan. Khususnya di malam hari pada bulan Ramadhan, ia juga melaksanakan sholat selain sholat tarawih, shalat tarawih dilakukan pada awal malam ditambah dengan sholat malam atau Tahajjud, yang selalu dicontohkan oleh Nabi ketika sholat berjamaah di masjid. Sementara sholat tahajud dilakukan pada akhir malam setelah bangun dari tidur, melakukannya lebih sering dia sendirian di rumahnya, bahkan jika ada riwayat dia juga pernah melakukan berjamaah di masjid. Waktu yang paling penting untuk berdoa atau tahajud malam ini adalah sepertiga terakhir malam atau subuh. Kata Kunci: Shalat, Tarawih, Tahajjud
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: SAMSIDAR SAMSIDAR
Published: October 2017

Abstract: School principle is a higher leader in a school. The program of its school and the  successful will be determined by his/her ability in planning, organizing, applying, controlling, and evaluating all arranged program before. It also needs the ability to influence and to mobile others to achieve educational goals freely and voluntary. Furthermore, the school principal is also an educational leader who determine to make decision, to motivate teachers, to give examples, to supervise and provide the teachers’ works. Thus, a school principle must undertstand the management. Management activity of a school principle involves five things; they are planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.Keywords: Implementation, management, school principal, and Islamic education.Abstrak: Kepala sekolah adalah pimpinan tertinggi pada organisasi sekolah bersangkutan. Karena itu program lembaga dan keberhasilannya akan ditentukan kemampuan kepala sekolah dalam merencanakan, mengorganisir, mengaplikasikan, mengontrol dan mengevaluasi semua program yang telah dibuat sebelumnya, kemampuan untuk mempengaruhi dan menggerakkan orang lain untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan secara bebas dan sukarela. Kepala sekolah sebagai seorang pemimpin pendidikan sangat menentukan bagi keberhasilan suatu pengambilan keputusan, memotivasi guru-guru, menampilkan keteladanan, mengawasi dan memberikan penilaian hasil kerja karyawan. Dengan demikian, seorang kepala yang dalam hal ini pemimpin sekolah sangat dituntut untuk memiliki pengetahuan tentang manajemen. Aktivitas manajemen kepala sekolah ini meliputi serangkaian aspek. Aspek-aspek tersebut  meliputi lima tahapan manajemen yaitu: (1) planning (perencanaan), (2) organizing (pengorganisasian), (3) command (memimpin), coordination (pengkordinasian), dan (5) controlling (pengawasan).Kata kunci: Implementasi, Manajemen, Kepala Sekolah, Pendidikan Islam
KEBIASAAN (`ADAH) DALAM PERPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Siregar Ramadhan Syahmedi
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Islamic law looked a habit (`adah) is a very important part for the development of Islamic law. Since applying toxicity is an urgent sub of worship in Islam. One thing that is not realized, that the habit can form a significant legal and able to answer the question of life and human life as well as a spectacular rituals and in line with local preferences.Keywords: Habits (`adat), Law, Islam, Worship. Abstrak: Hukum Islam memandang suatu kebiasaan (`adah) merupakan bagian yang amat penting bagi perkembangan hukum Islam. Karena mengaplikasikan kebisaan adalah satu sub dari ibadah yang urgen dalam Islam. Suatu hal yang tidak disadari, bahwa kebiasaan dapat membentuk sebuah hukum yang signifikan dan mampu menjawab persoalan hidup dan kehidupan manusia sekaligus menjadi ritual ibadah yang spektakuler dan searah dengan keinginan masyarakat setempat.Kata Kunci: Kebiasaan (`adah), Hukum, Islam, Ibadah.
ANALISIS HADIS-HADIS TENTANG TASTWIB
Authors: Siregar Dame
Published: October 2017

Tatswib is the saying  of asshalatu khairumminannaum. It is bid'ah to say it in adzan for the Zuhur and 'Asr praying, or even in Maghrib and Isha. It is also bid’ah for the second adzan on Subuh (morning prayer), but it is not for the first adzan, one hour before entering the time. Bid’ah is also for adding or substracting words from Alqur’an and hadist. Adding the words of tasbih, tahmid, and takbir from 33 times, or even adding the sayings before or between them is also bid’ah. Another explanation about additional words to saying salawat to the Prophet Muhammad or giving the word sayyidina to shalawat also includes as bid’ah. There are also the changes to the real words of do’a between the singular meanings to the plural one, or in the other hand. Finally, it is better not to change the sayings of redaction from Alqur’an and Hadist, or make it silently likes in prayer in order not to disturb others.
ENLIGHTENING ISLAMIC PREACHING: Study on Da`wah of Muhammadiyah in The Contemporary Era
Authors: TAMPUBOLON ICHWANSYAH
Published: October 2017

The Enlightening Islamic preaching is a new model of da`wah of Muhammadiyah in the contemporary era. Conceptually, in the one side, the Enlightening Islamic preaching can be comprehended as a creative and innovative thought of da`wah. It efforts to integrate interconnectively some dimensions of Islamic principles with Indonesian local wisdoms and universal humanity values in order to reconstruct a new formulation of da`wah.  And, in the other side, it’s also can be seemed as a very progressive and significant movement of da`wah  because it attempts to find the real and smart solutions to some problems of Islamic societies and humanities,  especially in the context of modernization of Indonesian peoples
PESAN DAKWAH
Authors: Kamaluddin Kamaluddin
Published: October 2017

Material message as one of the most important elements in da’wa activity needs to be managed effectively to achieve the expected goals. In addition to a deep mastery of the material, it needed accuracy in choosing the right kind of material for the situation faced mad'u. The selection of accurate materials, and appropriate techniques and steps in managing the message, must be based on some principles, namely the principles of relevance, consistency, adequacy and hierarchy based on kai'idah ushuliyah of message management. For a multicultural society such as Indonesia, da'wah of the message must necessarily be adapted to the philosophy of this nation. The diversity of ethnicity, culture, religion and language are sunnatullah. The message of da’wah that make every people in peace and good condition is the evidence of  Muhammad's prophethood as rahmatan lil 'Alamin. Da'wah messages integrative be one means to deliver the Ummah tawhid civilization in all aspects of community life
USING PICTURE BOOKS TO ENHANCE MOTIVATION AND LANGUAGE LEARNING OF REMEDIAL EFL LEARNERS
Authors: Kochiyama Arisa
Published: October 2017

According to studies done by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, many secondary schools across the nation aren�t adequately preparing students to excel at college. Universities are stepping in to fill the gap by offering remedial college courses in subjects such as Japanese and English. The purpose of the present study is to explore how an EFL class for college freshmen can help the students develop the critical thinking skills as well as language skills such as pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar necessary to read at the college level.Picture books are often overlooked by adult ESL/EFL instructors as many of them feel uncomfortable reading books designed for children. However, if chosen with consideration for the interests of the students and used in ways that are appropriate for adult learners, picture books can provide valuable opportunities of language-rich experiences and interactions. In fact a number of studies in Western cultures have shown that picture books provide a wealth of possibilities for teaching English topics as well as various vocabulary sets such as family, food, clothes, and so on. They can also motivate learners to read more and learn more as the students are more likely to find reading a manageable challenge.Given these functions of picture books, the main objectives of the study are (1) to discuss the merits of using picture books in remedial English classes from the viewpoint of English language learning, (2) to investigate the effect of using picture books on the learners� motivation and emotional development, and (3) to give a report about the students� reactions towards an adoption of a picture book in an EFL class.Keywords: intercultural communication, English as a second language, EFL classroom, language and gender, children�s literature in EFL learning
EXPLORING SUDANESE EFL UNIVERSITY LEARNERS' DISCOURSE COMPETENCE
Authors: Zakaria Ali Ahmed Osman , Mugaddam Abdel Rahim Hamid
Published: October 2017

This paper investigates the discourse competence of the Sudanese EFL university learners. The main objective is to evaluate and assess the students� ability to produce unified and meaningful texts. 98 Sudanese EFL students from Faculty of different Sudanese Universities served as subjects for the study. Two instruments were employed for data collection: a questionnaire and audio-recorded conversations. Results revealed that the students had some difficulties in producing coherent and meaningful texts. The linguistic forms they used were very limited, which did not show any sophisticated use of language. Results also revealed that the students were not well-acquainted with turn-taking rules during conversation. In their responses to the questionnaires, they reported a very good command of cohesive devices in the process of producing coherent discourse events, which appeared to be incorrect. However, they were able to use simple language to expand certain points into meaningful stretches of language. In addition, some students were able to demonstrate an ability to engage into the production and interpretation of unified and meaningful discourse. Nevertheless, the analysis suggests that the students under study are still far from being competent as far as discourse competence is concerned.Keywords: discourse competence, turn taking, conversational norm, communicative intentions, transition-relevance principle
PRESUPPOSITION IN THE JAKARTA POST�S POLITICAL ARTICLES: A PRAGMATICS APPROACH
Authors: Fadhly Fahrus Zaman , Kurnia Ayu Putri
Published: October 2017

This study is aimed to investigate presupposition in The Jakarta Post daily newspaper�s articles in political column. It covers two problems: types of presupposition and triggers of presupposition. Those problems were identified by applying presupposition theory. The data were interpreted by using descriptive qualitative method since it intended to describe a large number of sentences, clauses and phrases rather than numbers. The result of the study showed that the most frequent was existential presupposition with 202 occurences (78.59%), followed by factive presupposition with 2 occurences (0.79%), lexical presupposition with 36 occurences (14%), structural presupposition with 11 occurences (4.28%), non-factive presupposition with 2 occurences (0.79%) and counterfactual presupposition with 4 occurrences (1.56%). Besides, the study also showed the existence of 691 presupposition triggers which consisted of 631 definite descriptions (90.92%), 2 factive items (0.28%) which was similar to the existence of change of state verbs, 6 implicative verbs (0.86%), 6 itteratives (0.86%), 21 temporal (3.02%), 13 comparisons and contrast (1.87%), 8 questions (1.15%) and 3 counterfactual conditionals (0.43%). Finally, the findings showed that both types and triggers of presuppositions were related each other.Keywords: presupposition, types of presupposition, triggers of presupposition, political column, The Jakarta Post.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN TERHADAP KONSUMEN ATAS IKLAN-IKLAN YANG MENYESATKAN DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Fathanudien Anthon
Published: October 2017

Biro iklan sebagai pendesain iklan hanya mengkonsentrasikan diri pada bagaimana membuat iklan yang memuaskan sesuai dengan permintaan kliennya tanpa berupaya membuktikan apakah yang disampaikan oleh iklan itu sesuai dengan kenyataannya atau tidak.Dari uraian di atas dapat dikemukakan permasalahan antara lain bentuk pertanggungjawaban terhadap konsumen atas informasi yang menyesatkan dalam dunia periklanan serta upaya konsumen dalam menanggulangi dampak iklan yang menyesatkan.Jadi dengan adanya Undang-undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen yaitu setiap konsumen yang dirugikan oleh pelaku usaha dapat mengajukan gugatan kepada pelaku usaha berupa ganti rugi berdasarkan Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata yaitu perbuatan melawan hukum serta Pasal 1243 KUHPerdata yaitu tentang wanprestasi.Kata Kunci: Pertanggungjawaban, Konsumen, Globalisasi.
ALTERNATIF PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS HAK MEREK KOLEKTIF GENTENG JATIWANGI GUNA MENGURANGI PERSAINGAN USAHA DI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA
Authors: Fathanudien Anthon
Published: October 2017

Pada era perdagangan global dan pasar bebas, merek memegang peranan yang sangat penting yang memerlukan sistem pengaturan yang lebih memadai. Era perdagangan global hanya dapat dipertahankan jika terdapat iklim persaingan usaha sehat. Salah satu bagian Hak Kekayaan Intelektual yang harus diatur dan dilindungi yaitu merek. Kebutuhan adanya perlindungan hukum atas mereksemakin berkembang pesat setelah banyaknya kejadian orang yang melakukan peniruan-peniruan. Salah satu merek yang perlu dilindungi yaitu merek Genteng Jatiwangi Kabupaten Majalengka. Perlindungan merek sebenarnya sudah diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2001 tentang Merek, namun faktanya banyak merek Genteng Jatiwangi belum terdaftar di Direktorat Jenderal Hak Kekayaan Intelektual sehingga belum mendapat perlindungan hukum.Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Bagaimana Alternatif Perlindungan Hukum Atas Hak Merek Kolektif Genteng Jatiwangi Guna Mengurangi Persaingan Usaha di Kabupaten Majalengka dan Bagaimana peran Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Majalengka terhadap hak merek kolektif dalam mempertahankan keberadaan Genteng Jatiwangi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris dan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis yaitu menjelaskan mengenai Alternatif Perlindungan Hukum Atas Hak Merek Kolektif Genteng Jatiwangi Guna Mengurangi Persaingan Usaha dan menjelaskan sikap Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Majalengka terhadap hak merek kolektif dalam mempertahankan keberadaan Genteng Jatiwangi.Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa Alternatif Perlindungan Hukum Atas Hak Merek Kolektif Genteng Jatiwangi Guna Mengurangi Persaingan Usaha yang sebagian besar dimiliki Unit Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM). Dengan menggunakan merek kolektif dan pemasaran bersama dapat mengurangi tingkat persaingan usaha tidak sehat di antara para pemilik industri genteng Jatiwangi. Industri genteng Jatiwangi mempunyai kontribusi yang besar terhadap perekonomian masyarakat sekitarnya karena banyak menyerap tenaga kerja dan memiliki investasi yang besar dan menjadi industri andalan Majalengka. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Daerah Majalengka harus ikut berperan agar keberadaan genteng Jatiwangi selalu eksis, Pemerintah Daerah Majalengka berperan agar industri genteng Jatiwangi mendapat perlindungan hukum sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 15 Tahun 2001 tentang Merek. Pemerintah Daerah Majalengka dalam hal ini Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan mendukung penggunaan merek kolektif untuk perlindungan hukum atas merek genteng Jatiwangi. Pemerintah Daerah Majalengka lebih memperbanyak sosialisasi tentang pentingnya perlindungan hukum atas merek sehingga para pemilik industri genteng Jatiwangi memahami akan pentingnya perlindungan hukum atas merek.
ACTITUDES HACIA LA ESTADÍSTICA DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE PREGRADO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL PEDRO RUIZ GALLO
Authors: Acosta Piscoya Jorge Antonio , Mejía Pacheco Débora Esther
Published: October 2017

La investigación tuvo como objetivo proponer la estrategia Didáctica para desarrollar actitudes positivas hacia la Estadística en los estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruíz Gallo de Lambayeque, con el propósito de contribuir en la generación de estrategias para mejorar el proceso de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la estadística en la educación de pregrado. Por lo que se formuló el siguiente problema ¿Qué características presentan las actitudes hacia la Estadística los estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruíz Gallo de Lambayeque – 2015? El estudio diagnóstico se realizó con una muestra de 373 alumnos, agrupado en cuatro estratos, el primero formado por las escuelas profesionales de Ciencias e Ingeniería, el segundo Ciencia de la Salud, el tercero Ciencias Administrativas y Contables, y el cuarto Ciencias Sociales y Educación, siendo la edad promedio del estudiante 21 años, se utilizó la escala de actitudes hacia la estadística de Auzmendi, se llegó a determinar que el ítem uno, que a la letra dice “considero la estadística como una materia muy necesaria en mi formación profesional”, es el más valorado por los estudiantes. Así mismo La actitud hacia la estadística se puede explicar en 6 factores, con una varianza explicada de 54.202%. La contrastación de las hipótesis planteadas permite determinar que en los estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo predomina una actitud positiva hacia la estadística. 
CALIDAD DE ATENCIÓN EN LOS USUARIOS DE LA ESPECIALIDAD DE NEUROPEDIATRIA EN LA REGIÓN LAMBAYEQUE - PERÚ
Authors: Heredia Pérez Oscar Teófilo , Chávarry Ysla Patricia Del Rocio
Published: October 2017

La calidad de atención en salud, es una de las mayores preocupaciones de quienes tienen la responsabilidad de la prestación de los servicios de salud a la población y una necesidad sentida de quienes requieren estos servicios. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la calidad de atención en los usuarios de la especialidad de Neuropediatria, Región Lambayeque, año 2017. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa y transversal con diseño descriptivo simple. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se aplicó el instrumento de calidad de atención a una muestra de 211 usuarios se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento posee validez de contenido analizada con 5 expertos, la validez de constructo por análisis factorial, la consistencia interna por el coeficiente alfa de que fue de 0,984 para consulta externa. Los resultados comprobaron que en la dimensión tangible el 55,9 % de los usuarios afirmaron que está por mejorar, en la dimensión fiabilidad el 64,0 % de usuarios igualmente manifestaron que está por mejorar, en la dimensión de capacidad de respuesta expresaron los usuarios que el 46,4 % también está por mejorar, en la dimensión seguridad el 64,9 % afirmaron que está por mejorar por ello se concluye que el 56,4% de los usuarios afirmaron que la calidad de atención en la especialidad de Neuropediatria en general está por mejorar.
Eficiência Energética em Equipamentos de Força-Motriz
Authors: Carvalho José António Beleza de
Published: October 2017

A Eficiência Energética (EE) visa proporcionar o mesmo nível de produção de bens, serviços e de conforto através de tecnologias que reduzem os consumos face a soluções convencionais.A EE pode conduzir a reduções substanciais do consumo de energia e das emissões de poluentes associadas à sua conversão. Em muitas situações a EE pode também conduzir a uma elevada economia nos custos do ciclo de vida dos equipamentos utilizadores de energia (custo inicial mais custo de funcionamento ao longo da vida útil).Embora geralmente sejam mais dispendiosos, em termos de custo inicial, os equipamentos mais eficientes consomem menos energia, conduzindo a custos de funcionamento mais reduzidos e apresentando outras vantagens adicionais.Neste âmbito, os motores elétricos, particularmente o motor assíncrono de indução, são o tipo de máquina mais utilizada na indústria em virtude da sua grande versatilidade, gama de potências, robustez, duração, reduzida manutenção, baixa poluição, facilidade de produção e custos de aquisição relativamente baixos.
Kreativitas Mang Koko dalam Karawitan Sunda
Authors: Ruswandi Tardi
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTÂ The focus of this study is on Mang Kokoâ€™s creativities Â in composing songs and gending as a counterpoint. Mang Kokoâ€™s creativities Â are then analyzed by Supriadiâ€˜s Â theory (1994: 7) which explains that creativity is a personâ€™s ability to create something new, either in the form Â of ideas and real Â works. Mang Koko Â was one of creative Â and prolific Â artists whose creations Â areÂ  Â still taken intoÂ  consideration. In developing and creating Â new genre Â of Karawitan Â Sunda, Â Mang Koko had been indeed inspired Â by some kind of KarawitanÂ  Â Sunda and the patterns Â of Western music so that his creative process was really based on the aspects of intensification Â and compo- sition. Â The results Â of Â Mang Kokoâ€™s creativities Â had been grouped into Â Sekar Â Jenaka, Â Kawih songs Â (anggana Â dan rampak sekar), Â Gamelan Â Wanda Â Anyar, Kacapian, Â Etude Â Kacapi, Â and Drama Suara (Gending Karesmen).Â Key Word: Mang Koko, Kreativitas, Â Karawitan Â SundaÂ Â ABSTRAKÂ Penelitian ini terfokus pada kreativitas Mang Koko dalam menciptakan lagu-lagu dan gending sebagai pengiring lagu. Kreativitas Mang Koko dianalisis dengan menggunakan teori Dedi Supriadi (1994:7) yang menjelaskan bahwa kreativitas merupakan kemampuan seseorang untuk melahirkan sesuatu yang baru, baik berupa gagasan maupun karya nyata, yang relatifÂ Â  berbeda dengan apa yang telah ada sebelumnya. Mang Koko merupakan seniman kreatif dan produktif dalam berkarya yang hingga saat ini masih diperhitungkan. Dalam mengembangkan karawitan Sunda dan melahirkan genre baru, Mang Koko terilhami oleh beberapa jenis karawitan Sunda dan terinspirasi oleh pola-pola musik Barat sehingga proses kreatifnya berpijak pada aspek penggalian dan penciptaan. Hasil kreativitas Mang koko dikelompokkan menjadi Sekar Jenaka, lagu-lagu Kawih (anggana dan rampak sekar), Gamelan Wanda Anyar, Kacapian, Etude Kacapi, dan Drama Suara (Gending Karesmen).Â Kata kunci: Mang Koko, Kreativitas, Karawitan Sunda
Pertunjukan Wayang Babad Nusantara: Wahana Pengajaran Nilai Kebangsaan bagi Generasi Muda
Authors: - Sunardi , Nugroho Sugeng , - Kuwato
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTÂ Wayang Babad Nusantara Â represents a creation Â of a shadow puppet show whichÂ  used as a means of transmission Â of nationalism Â values Â towards younger Â generations. Â This type Â of show has the aspect Â of innovations Â in several Â elements Â of pakeliran, Â which are: the heroic story Â of NationalÂ  heroesâ€™ struggle, the authentic Â puppets bas on the reinterpretation Â of the figure in the history, a new musical score, and the scene-system with the shadow puppet show structure. Â This show is interestingly Â wrapped with the story of Gajah Mada. The spirit of these figure Â serves as the good example for young Â generations Â to love their Â country. Â TheÂ  nationalism Â value, Â which contain Â the teaching Â of patriotism Â and allegiance can build the awareness Â of the children Â of the nation Â so that they will always Â love the land Â of Indonesia.Â Keywords: Babad shadow puppet, nationalism Â values, Â young Â generationsÂ Â Â Â Â ABSTRAKÂ Wayang Babad Nusantara merupakan rekayasa model pertunjukan wayang yang dipergunakan sebagai wahana transmisi nilai-nilai kebangsaan bagi generasi muda. Pertunjukan wayang ini memiliki kebaruan dalam berbagai unsur pakeliran, yaitu: cerita sejarah perjuangan pahlawan bangsa, boneka wayang hasil reinterpretasi dari figur tokoh, musik komposisi baru, dan sistem pengadegan dengan struktur pertunjukan wayang. Pertunjukan wayang ini dikemas secara menarik dengan menyajikan cerita Gajah Mada. Spirit perjuangan tokoh Gajah Mada ini memberikan suri teladan bagi generasi muda untuk selalu cinta tanah air. Nilai kebangsaan yang memuat ajaran mengenai patriotisme dan nasionalisme memberikan kesadaran dan menggugah kesadaran anak bangsa untuk selalu mencintai Tanah Air Indonesia.Â Kata kunci: wayang babad, nilai kebangsaan, generasi muda
Fungsi Dan Mitos Upacara Adat Nyangku Di Desa Panjalu Kecamatan Panjalu Kabupaten Ciamis
Authors: Fahmi Rezza Fauzi Muhammad , Gunardi Gugun , Mahzuni Dade
Published: October 2017

ABSTRAKKonservasi Budaya Lokal Mikanyaah Munding sebagai Landasan Village Breeding Center Kerbau adalah penelitian yang dilaksanakan oleh kami terkait dengan bentuk penangkaran kerbau berbasis budaya tradisional, yang dilaksanakan di Desa Cikeusal-Tasikmalaya. Di dalam budaya “Mikanyaah Munding” juga ternyata terdapat pelestarian berbagai seni tradisi Sunda, diantaranya adalah Seni Terbang Gebes. Dalam tulisan ini digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan kajian etnografi, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data digunakan teknik wawancara. Dari pembahasan hasil penelitian diperoleh antara lain; sistem penangkaran kerbau berbasis budaya lokal Mikanyaah Munding, yang di dalamnya terdapat; kebiasaan masyarakat setempat di dalam memperlakukan ternak kerbau, kosa kata khusus terkait dengan peternakan kerbau, hajat lembur yang ada hubungannya dengan peternakan kerbau, dan berbagai bentuk kesenian tradisional Sunda yang dilaksanakan dalam rangka budaya Mikanyaah Munding. Dalam artikel ini akan dibahas salah satu kesenian terkait, yaitu Seni Terbang Gebes.Kata Kunci: Budaya, Mikanyaah-Munding, Seni Terbang GebesABSTRACTConservation of local culture “Mikanyaah Munding” (or Nurturing Buffalos) as the base of Village Breeding Center of “Kerbau” is a research done on traditional “kerbau” breeding in Cikeusal, Tasikmalaya. “Mikanyaah Munding”reserve a variety of Sundanese traditional art performance, one of which is “Seni Terbang Gebes”. This essay uses qualitative method involving ethnography as its perspective. The data is collected from interviews. Our findings from analysis are: the habit of locals in treating their buffalos; specific vocabulary on breeding; festivities in relation to breeding and all kinds of Sundanese traditional art performance included in “Mikanyaah Munding”. This essay discusses one of its art performance, “Seni Terbang Gebes”.Keywords: Culture, Mikanyaah Munding, Seni Terbang Gebes
petunjuk bagi penulis
Authors: Jitek Author
Published: October 2017

petunjuk bagi penulis
Changes in foraminal area with anterior decompression versus keyhole foraminotomy in the cervical spine: a biomechanical investigation
Authors: Nguyen Jacqueline , Chu Bryant , Kuo Calvin C. , Leasure Jeremi M. , Ames Christopher , Kondrashov Dimitriy
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with or without partial uncovertebral joint resection (UVR) and posterior keyhole foraminotomy are established operative procedures to treat cervical disc degeneration and radiculopathy. Studies have demonstrated reliable results with each procedure, but none have compared the change in neuroforaminal area between indirect and direct decompression techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine which cervical decompression method most consistently increases neuroforaminal area and how that area is affected by neck position.

METHODS

Eight human cervical functional spinal units (4 each of C5–6 and C6–7) underwent sequential decompression. Each level received the following surgical treatment: bilateral foraminotomy, ACDF, ACDF + partial UVR, and foraminotomy + ACDF. Multidirectional pure moment flexibility testing combined with 3D C-arm imaging was performed after each procedure to measure the minimum cross-sectional area of each foramen in 3 different neck positions: neutral, flexion, and extension.

RESULTS

Neuroforaminal area increased significantly with foraminotomy versus intact in all positions. These area measurements did not change in the ACDF group through flexion-extension. A significant decrease in area was observed for ACDF in extension (40 mm2) versus neutral (55 mm2). Foraminotomy + ACDF did not significantly increase area compared with foraminotomy in any position. The UVR procedure did not produce any changes in area through flexion-extension.

CONCLUSIONS

All procedures increased neuroforaminal area. Foraminotomy and foraminotomy + ACDF produced the greatest increase in area and also maintained the area in extension more than anterior-only procedures. The UVR procedure did not significantly alter the area compared with ACDF alone. With a stable cervical spine, foraminotomy may be preferable to directly decompress the neuroforamen; however, ACDF continues to play an important role for indirect decompression and decompression of more centrally located herniated discs. These findings pertain to bony stenosis of the neuroforamen and may not apply to soft disc herniation. The key points of this study are as follows. Both ACDF and foraminotomy increase the foraminal space. Foraminotomy was most successful in maintaining these increases during neck motion. Partial UVR was not a significant improvement over ACDF alone. Foraminotomy may be more efficient at decompressing the neuroforamen. Results should be taken into consideration only with stable spines.
Magnetic resonance imaging–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy as treatment for intractable insular epilepsy in children
Authors: Perry M. Scott , Donahue David J. , Malik Saleem I. , Keator Cynthia G. , Hernandez Angel , Reddy Rohit K. , Perkins Freedom F. , Lee Mark R. , Clarke Dave F.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

Seizure onset within the insula is increasingly recognized as a cause of intractable epilepsy. Surgery within the insula is difficult, with considerable risks, given the rich vascular supply and location near critical cortex. MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LiTT) provides an attractive treatment option for insular epilepsy, allowing direct ablation of abnormal tissue while sparing nearby normal cortex. Herein, the authors describe their experience using this technique in a large cohort of children undergoing treatment of intractable localization-related epilepsy of insular onset.

METHODS

The combined epilepsy surgery database of Cook Children’s Medical Center and Dell Children’s Hospital was queried for all cases of insular onset epilepsy treated with LiTT. Patients without at least 6 months of follow-up data and cases preoperatively designated as palliative were excluded. Patient demographics, presurgical evaluation, surgical plan, and outcome were collected from patient charts and described.

RESULTS

Twenty patients (mean age 12.8 years, range 6.1–18.6 years) underwent a total of 24 LiTT procedures; 70% of these patients had normal findings on MRI. Patients underwent a mean follow-up of 20.4 months after their last surgery (range 7–39 months), with 10 (50%) in Engel Class I, 1 (5%) in Engel Class II, 5 (25%) in Engel Class III, and 4 (20%) in Engel Class IV at last follow-up. Patients were discharged within 24 hours of the procedure in 15 (63%) cases, in 48 hours in 6 (24%) cases, and in more than 48 hours in the remaining cases. Adverse functional effects were experienced following 7 (29%) of the procedures: mild hemiparesis after 6 procedures (all patients experienced complete resolution or had minimal residual dysfunction by 6 months), and expressive language dysfunction after 1 procedure (resolved by 3 months).

CONCLUSIONS

To their knowledge, the authors present the largest cohort of pediatric patients undergoing insular surgery for treatment of intractable epilepsy. The patient outcomes suggest that LiTT can successfully treat intractable seizures originating within the insula and offers an attractive alternative to open resection. This is the first description of LiTT applied to insular epilepsy and represents one of only a few series describing the use of LiTT in children. The results indicate that seizure reduction after LiTT compares favorably to that after conventional open surgical techniques.
Simvastatin as a Potential Disease-Modifying Therapy for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Rationale for Clinical Trial, and Current Progress
Authors: Carroll Camille B. , Wyse Richard K.H.
Published: October 2017

Many now believe the holy grail for the next stage of therapeutic advance surrounds the development of disease-modifying approaches aimed at intercepting the year-on-year neurodegenerative decline experienced by most patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Based on recommendations of an international committee of experts who are currently bringing multiple, potentially disease-modifying, PD therapeutics into long-term neuroprotective PD trials, a clinical trial involving 198 patients is underway to determine whether Simvastatin provides protection against chronic neurodegeneration. Statins are widely used to reduce cardiovascular risk, and act as competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. It is also known that statins serve as ligands for PPARα, a known arbiter for mitochondrial size and number. Statins possess multiple cholesterol-independent biochemical mechanisms of action, many of which offer neuroprotective potential (suppression of proinflammatory molecules & microglial activation, stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inhibition of oxidative stress, attenuation of α-synuclein aggregation, modulation of adaptive immunity, and increased expression of neurotrophic factors). We describe the biochemical, physiological and pharmaceutical credentials that continue to underpin the rationale for taking Simvastatin into a disease-modifying trial in PD patients. While unrelated to the Simvastatin trial (because this conducted in patients who already have PD), we discuss conflicting epidemiological studies which variously suggest that statin use for cardiovascular prophylaxis may increase or decrease risk of developing PD. Finally, since so few disease-modifying PD trials have ever been launched (compared to those of symptomatic therapies), we discuss the rationale of the trial structure we have adopted, decisions made, and lessons learnt so far.