bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glibenclamide Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury through NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Jie , Yang Jiawen , Huang Xiaofang , Xiu Huiqing , Bai Songjie , Li Jiahui , Cai Zhijian , Chen Zhanghui , Zhang Shufang , Zhang Gensheng
Published: February 2022

Glibenclamide displays an anti-inflammatory response in various pulmonary diseases, but its exact role in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unknown. Herein, we aimed to explore the effect of glibenclamide in vivo and in vitro on the development of LPS-induced ALI in a mouse model. LPS stimulation resulted in increases in lung injury score, wet/dry ratio, and capillary permeability in lungs, as well as in total protein concentration, inflammatory cells, and inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-18 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues, whereas glibenclamide treatment reduced these changes. Meanwhile, the increased proteins of NLRP3 and Caspase-1/p20 after LPS instillation in lungs were downregulated by glibenclamide. Similarly, in vitro experiments also found that glibenclamide administration inhibited the LPS-induced upregulations in cytokine secretions of IL-1β and IL-18, as well as in the expression of components in NLRP3 inflammasome in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Of note, glibenclamide had no effect on the secretion of TNF-α in vivo nor in vitro, implicating that its anti-inflammatory effect is relatively specific to NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, glibenclamide alleviates the development of LPS-induced ALI in a mouse model via inhibiting the NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway, which might provide a new strategy for the treatment of LPS-induced ALI.
miRNA-22 Upregulates Mtf1 in Dorsal Horn Neurons and Is Essential for Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Hao Ling-Yun , Zhang Ming , Tao Yang , Xu Hengjun , Liu Qiaoqiao , Yang Kehui , Wei Runa , Zhou Huimin , Jin Tong , Liu Xiao-Dan , Xue Zhouya , Shen Wen , Cao Jun-Li , Pan Zhiqiang
Published: February 2022

Chronic inflammatory pain seriously affects patients’ quality of life because of a paucity of effective clinical treatments caused, at least in part, by lack of full understanding of the underlying mechanisms. miRNAs are known to be involved in inflammatory pain via silencing or degrading of target mRNA in the cytoplasm. The present study provides a novel mechanism by which miRNA-22 positively regulates metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (Mtf1) in the nuclei of neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We found that miRNA-22 was significantly increased in the dorsal horn of mice with either inflammatory pain induced by plantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) or neuropathic pain induced by unilateral sciatic nerve chronic constrictive injury (CCI). Knocking down or blocking miRNA-22 alleviated CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia, whereas overexpressing miRNA-22 produced pain-like behaviors. Mechanistically, the increased miRNA-22 binds directly to the Mtf1 promoter to recruit RNA polymerase II and elevate Mtf1 expression. The increased Mtf1 subsequently enhances spinal central sensitization, as evidenced by increased expression of p-ERK1/2, GFAP, and c-Fos in the dorsal horn. Our findings suggest that the miRNA-22–Mtf1 signaling axis in the dorsal horn plays a critical role in the induction and maintenance of inflammatory pain. This signaling pathway may be a promising therapeutic target in inflammatory pain.
Artificial Intelligence Technique of Synthesis and Characterizations for Measurement of Optical Particles in Medical Devices
Authors: Mohammad Walid Theib , Mabrouk Sherin Hassan , Mostafa Rania Mohammed Abd Elgawad , Younis Mohammad Bani , Al Sayeh Ahmad Maher , Ebrahim Mona Abdelmoneim Abdelmabood , Alshawwa Samar Zuhair , Ismail Heba Abdelazezm Hassan , Mohamed Manal Mahrous Abdalhamed , Alshmmry Sara Wans , Alazzam Malik Bader , Ahmed Md Kawser
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of particle size on semiconductor properties; artificial intelligence is being used for the research methods. As a result, we picked cadmium sulfide (CdS), which is a unique semiconductor material that is employed in a broad variety of current applications. Given that CdS has distinct electrical and optical characteristics, it may be employed in the production of solar cells, for example. Solar cells, as is also well known, have become an essential source of energy in the world. Within the visible range (500-700 nm), we create one layer of bulk CdS and one layer of nano-CdS air bulk CdS air and air nano-CdS air. We used a number of instrumentation methods to investigate the naked CdS nanoparticles, including XRD, SEM-EDX, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XPS, and PL spectroscopy, among others. The results show that for bulk CdS at normal incidence, the transmittance is

T
=
45

, and for nano-CdS with particle size 3 nm, the transmittance is

T
=
85.8

, with transverse-electric (S-polarized) and transverse-magnetic (P-polarized) transmittances of

TE
=
75

and

TM
=
80

, respectively.
Fast Matching Method of UAV Aerial Photography Enhanced Low Illumination Image
Authors: Li Wenyao , Liu Guangqing , Lu Kuan , Chen Pengyun , Cui Junjie , Yu Mingrang , Shen Peng
Published: February 2022

Aiming at the problems of insufficient image contrast in three-dimensional reconstruction of UAV in low illumination environment and the unstable iteration times of the RANSAC algorithm in the feature matching process, real-time matching method of UAV aerial image is proposed. First, a new image enhancement algorithm is applied to the image to enhance its quality and visibility. Second, the enhanced fast algorithm in ORB extracts the feature points from the preprocessed image, and cross-matching performs rough matching. Finally, the PROSAC algorithm solves the homography matrix by selecting the highest quality interior points from the extracted feature points. To improve the matching accuracy, some exterior points that do not conform to the geometric characteristics of the image are removed based on the homography matrix and the set mismatch threshold. The results show that the improved ORB algorithm is applied to the low illumination environment of UAV aerial photography, the image matching accuracy in 3D reconstruction is improved, and the correct matching rate tends to 97.24~99.39%. The relevant research findings and conclusions provide a fast and effective method for UAV image matching in different low illumination environments.
Biomarkers of Glucose Homeostasis and Inflammation with Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Case–Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Ying , Gapstur Susan M. , Newton Christina C. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Pollak Michael N. , Campbell Peter T.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Few prospective studies have examined biomarkers of glucose homeostasis or inflammation with prostate cancer risk by tumor stage or grade.

Methods:

We conducted a case–cohort study to examine associations of prediagnosis hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-peptide, and C-reactive protein (CRP) with prostate cancer risk overall and stratified by tumor stage and grade. The study included 390 nonaggressive (T1–2, N0, M0, and Gleason score <8) and 313 aggressive cases (T3–4, or N1, or M1, or Gleason score 8–10) diagnosed after blood draw (1998–2001) and up to 2013, and a random subcohort of 1,303 cancer-free men at blood draw in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:

In the multivariable-adjusted model without body mass index, HbA1c was inversely associated with nonaggressive prostate cancer (HR per unit increase, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80–1.00; P = 0.04). Analyses stratified by tumor stage and grade separately showed that HbA1c was inversely associated with low-grade prostate cancer (HR per unit increase, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80–1.00) and positively associated with high-grade prostate cancer (HR per unit increase, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01–1.30). C-peptide and CRP were not associated with prostate cancer overall or by stage or grade.

Conclusions:

The current study suggests that associations of hyperglycemia with prostate cancer may differ by tumor grade and stage.

Impact:

Future studies need to examine prostate cancer by tumor stage and grade, and to better understand the role of hyperglycemia in prostate cancer progression.
cfTrack: A Method of Exome-Wide Mutation Analysis of Cell-free DNA to Simultaneously Monitor the Full Spectrum of Cancer Treatment Outcomes Including MRD, Recurrence, and Evolution
Authors: Li Shuo , Zeng Weihua , Ni Xiaohui , Zhou Yonggang , Stackpole Mary L. , Noor Zorawar S. , Yuan Zuyang , Neal Adam , Memarzadeh Sanaz , Garon Edward B. , Dubinett Steven M. , Li Wenyuan , Zhou Xianghong Jasmine
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) offers a noninvasive approach to monitor cancer. Here we develop a method using whole-exome sequencing (WES) of cfDNA for simultaneously monitoring the full spectrum of cancer treatment outcomes, including minimal residual disease (MRD), recurrence, evolution, and second primary cancers.

Experimental Design:

Three simulation datasets were generated from 26 patients with cancer to benchmark the detection performance of MRD/recurrence and second primary cancers. For further validation, cfDNA samples (n = 76) from patients with cancer (n = 35) with six different cancer types were used for performance validation during various treatments.

Results:

We present a cfDNA-based cancer monitoring method, named cfTrack. Taking advantage of the broad genome coverage of WES data, cfTrack can sensitively detect MRD and cancer recurrence by integrating signals across known clonal tumor mutations of a patient. In addition, cfTrack detects tumor evolution and second primary cancers by de novo identifying emerging tumor mutations. A series of machine learning and statistical denoising techniques are applied to enhance the detection power. On the simulation data, cfTrack achieved an average AUC of 99% on the validation dataset and 100% on the independent dataset in detecting recurrence in samples with tumor fractions ≥0.05%. In addition, cfTrack yielded an average AUC of 88% in detecting second primary cancers in samples with tumor fractions ≥0.2%. On real data, cfTrack accurately monitors tumor evolution during treatment, which cannot be accomplished by previous methods.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrated that cfTrack can sensitively and specifically monitor the full spectrum of cancer treatment outcomes using exome-wide mutation analysis of cfDNA.
A Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen—Targeted Near-Infrared Conjugate for Identifying Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma during Resection
Authors: Kennedy Gregory T. , Azari Feredun S. , Bernstein Elizabeth , Nadeem Bilal , Chang Ashley E. , Segil Alix , Sullivan Neil , Marfatia Isvita , Din Azra , Desphande Charuhas , Kucharczuk John C. , Low Philip S. , Singhal Sunil
Published: February 2022

Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common lung cancer subtype and has a low 5-year survival rate at 17.6%. Complete resection with negative margins can be curative, but a high number of patients suffer early postoperative recurrence due to inadequate disease clearance at the index operation. Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) with tumor-targeted optical contrast agents is effective in improving resection completeness for other tumor types, but there are no IMI tracers targeted to pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. In this report, we describe the use of a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted near-infrared conjugate (OTL78) to identify pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. We identified PSMA as a viable target by examining its expression in human lung tumor specimens from a surgical cohort. Ninety-four percent of tumors expressed PSMA in either the pulmonary squamous cells or the tumor neovasculature. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we found that OTL78 reliably localized pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in a PSMA-dependent manner. Finally, we found that IMI with OTL78 markedly improved surgeons' ability to identify residual disease after surgery in a preclinical model. Ultimately, this novel optical tracer may aid surgical resection of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and potentially improve long-term outcomes.
Branching Copy-Number Evolution and Parallel Immune Profiles across the Regional Tumor Space of Resected Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Petersson Alexandra , Andersson Natalie , Hau Sofie Olsson , Eberhard Jakob , Karlsson Jenny , Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Valind Anders , Elebro Jacob , Nodin Björn , Leandersson Karin , Gisselsson David , Jirström Karin
Published: February 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal disease. The only option for curative treatment is resection of the tumor followed by standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Yet, early relapse due to chemoresistance is almost inevitable. Herein, we delineated the genetic intratumor heterogeneity in resected PDAC, with the aim to identify evolutionary patterns that may be associated with overall survival (OS) following treatment with curative intent. Potential relationships with the adjacent immune microenvironment were also examined. The genetic and immune landscapes of the regional tumor space were analyzed in nine patients with resected PDAC. Targeted deep sequencing and genome wide SNP array were followed by clonal deconvolution and phylogenetic analysis. A mathematical complexity score was developed to calculate the network extent of each phylogeny. Spatial variation in abundancy and tumor nest infiltration of immune cells was analyzed by double IHC staining. Copy-number heterogeneity was denoted as the major contributing factor to the branching architectures of the produced phylogenetic trees. Increased tree complexity was significantly inversely associated with OS, and larger regional maximum aberrations (higher treetops) were associated with increased PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. Contrastingly, an FREM1 gene amplification, found in one patient, coincided with a particularly vigorous immune response. Findings from this limited case series suggest that complex evolutionary patterns may be associated with a shorter survival in surgically treated patients with PDAC. Some hypothesis-generating associations with the surrounding immune microenvironment were also detected.

Implications:

Evolutionary copy-number patterns may be associated with survival in patients with resected PDAC.
Reversible Retinopathy Associated with Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor
Authors: Patel Saagar N. , Camacci Mona L. , Bowie Esther M.
Published: February 2022

We present a case of reversible, pseudovitelliform lesions while a patient was taking pembrolizumab (PDL-1 inhibitor) and erdafitinib (pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor) outside of clinical trial protocols. A 61-year-old patient with 3 days of metamorphopsia was found to have pseudovitelliform lesions in both eyes 6 weeks after initiation of erdafitinib. After discontinuation of this drug, his visual complaints resolved and his lesions decreased on optical coherence tomography. To our knowledge, this is the first case depicting reversible macular lesions with use of this newly approved medication outside of clinical trial protocols.
Comparison of Body Fluid Volumes Determined by Kinetic Modeling and by Bioimpedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Aoki Takeshi , Nakai Shigeru , Uchino Junji , Shibata Kazuhiko , Shinzato Takahiro , Masakane Ikuto , Toma Shigeki , Fukui Hiroyoshi , Matsuoka Teppei , Kato Shinya , Ookawara Susumu , Ito Takahito
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) method is used in individual patients requiring body fluid volume measurement. In a hemodialysis facility, however, regular screening of body fluid volumes is also necessary. Such screening, by kinetic modeling, may become possible by calculating distribution volumes of urea and uric acid from regular blood test results. Objective: The aim is to compare uric acid distribution volumes with BIS-extracellular volume, urea distribution volume with BIS-total body water, and difference between urea and uric acid distribution volumes with BIS-intracellular volume. Methods: We reanalyzed stored blood test data of 53 hemodialysis patients obtained together with BIS data of the same patients in our previous study. Results: Significant correlations were found between urea distribution volume and total body water predicted by the BIS method, between uric acid distribution volume and extracellular volume predicted by the BIS method, and between the difference of uric acid distribution volume from urea distribution volume and intracellular volume predicted by the BIS method. In Bland-Altman analysis, comparison of each pair showed no systematic error. The mean difference between each pair was minimal. Conclusion: Fluid volumes in different body compartments can be estimated by kinetic modeling as well as by the BIS method.
Notched P-Wave on Digital Electrocardiogram Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Cardiovascular Risks: The Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure Study
Authors: Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Hoshide Satoshi , Kario Kazuomi
Published: February 2022

Background: The relationship between notched P-wave characteristics on digital electrocardiogram (ECG) and long-term cardiovascular events remains unclear. Methods: We enrolled 810 subjects from the Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure study who had one or more cardiovascular risk factors. Twelve-lead electrocardiography was conducted, and the peak-to-peak distance in the M shape was calculated automatically using a 12-lead ECG analysis system. We compared two definitions: P-waves were defined as “notched” if the peak-to-peak distance in the M shape was ≥20 ms or ≥40 ms in lead II. We assessed the left atrial diameter and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) by echocardiography. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite endpoint that combines fatal events (stroke, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and sudden death) and nonfatal events (acute myocardial infarction, angina, congestive heart failure, stroke, and aortic dissection). Results: The mean follow-up period was 101 ± 34 months, during which 85 cardiovascular events occurred. When we defined a notched P-wave as ≥20 ms in the M shape (n = 92), a notched P-wave was a significant predictor of cardiovascular events after adjustment for age, gender, and comorbidity (hazard ratio: 1.83; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–3.31, p = 0.045). When we defined a notched P-wave as ≥40 ms in the M shape (n = 25), the hazard ratio of cardiovascular events in the notched P-wave group was not significant after adjustment for covariates (hazard ratio: 1.52; 95% confidence interval: 0.51–4.53, p = 0.455). The left atrial diameter and LVMI in the patients in the notched P-wave group (peak-to-peak distance of ≥20 ms in the M shape) were significantly higher than those in the control group (left atrial diameter: 38.8 ± 5.9 vs. 36.8 ± 5.0 mm, p = 0.001; LVMI: 103.9 ± 27.7 vs. 96.3 ± 25.7 g/m2, p = 0.010). Conclusions: The notched P-wave by digital ECG analysis was associated with cardiovascular events and left atrial enlargement.
The risk level for individuals to suffering from NCDs based on CERDIK behavior
Authors: Suprajitno Suprajitno , Mugianti Sri
Published: February 2022

The use of tobacco, inactivity, alcohol consumption, and an unbalanced diet are factors that cause non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and are considered behavioral factors. Behavior includes knowledge, attitudes, and practice about periodic health checks, getting rid of cigarettes, regular physical activity, a balanced healthy diet, adequate rest, and managing stress (CERDIK) and can be used as a way to measure the risk of an individual suffering from NCDs. The purpose of this study is to describe the individual risk of suffering from NCDs based on the CERDIK behavior. This qualitative study used a cross-sectional design. A sample of 238 individuals who visited fast food restaurants in Blitar were selected by simple random sampling. Data collection used a CERDIK behavior questionnaire consisted of 20 knowledge questions, 29 attitude statements, and 20 practice statements. Data collection was conducted in July - August 2020. The risk of individuals suffering from NCDs in the low category was 8.4%, 81.1% moderate, and 10.5% high. Practice has an important role in individuals at risk of suffering from NCDs and most individuals are in the moderate category, while a small proportion are in the low and high risk category. It is hoped that health workers routinely and continuously campaign for CERDIK behavior as an effort to prevent NCDs.
Family empowerment and family ability to self-care for heart failure patients in the intermediate care room
Authors: Hany Alfrina , Yulistianingsih Eni , Kusumaningrum Bintari Ratih
Published: February 2022

Heart failure is a chronic disease that has a high rehospitalization rate. The cause of rehospitalization is due to inadequate self-care behavior. For that we need the role of the family in self-care by means of family empowerment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family empowerment and the ability of families to do self-care in the intermediate care room in Malang. This study a cross sectional design and consecutive sampling technique with 100 subjects. The family empowerment scale (FES) and contribution caregiver self care heart failure index (CCSCHFI) are used to assess families' abilities to care for themselves. The statistical test used is the Pearson correlation test. The mean value of family empowerment is 127.00 and the ability to do self-care is 48.28. Pearson correlation test results obtained p-value 0.000<alpha 0.05. In heart failure patients, there is a high correlation between family support and their ability to self-care. Family empowerment and ability to do self-care is lacking due to a lack of family knowledge about heart failure and its treatment. It is recommended that the nurse be more maintenance in providing education related to patient self-care to the family during treatment by empowering the family.
Cyberbullying victimization during COVID-19: psychological effects and the legal measures
Authors: Zakuan Zeti Zuryani Mohd , Saian Rizauddin
Published: February 2022

March 2020 has seen thousands of people across the globe have been infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apart from that, the pandemic has affected the learning of billions of students worldwide. As a result, educational institutions throughout the world have turned to online learning using online platforms. Online platforms not only cater to virtual learning, but the students will also have unrestricted access to their social media accounts and online games. Due to this situation, there has been an increase in violence and hate online, which includes bullying. The study reviewed articles to identify cyberbullying victimization during COVID-19. Articles published during COVID-19 pandemic from January 2020 to April 2021 were identified for review. The article search was conducted in April 2020 using the search engine on the National Centre for Biotechnology and Information (NCB) website and Google Scholar. Nineteen articles were chosen as being appropriate for the study's scope. The review highlights the presence and the psychological effects of cyberbullying during COVID-19. The current preventive measure in place is the legal measures. However, the legal measures are found not to be effective in combating cyberbullying.
Perception of preventing behavior against COVID-19 among Indonesian industrial workers
Authors: Ramdan Iwan Muhamad , Candra Krishna Purnawan , Sultan Muhammad
Published: February 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is continuing, but companies have been allowed to continue their business with the obligation strictly to apply health protocol. A cross-sectional study aimed to examine the perception of COVID-19 and its prevention behavior based on the health belief model was conducted on 285 industrial workers from eight company types sampled by online survey. The results show that most workers have poor COVID-19 perceptions (54.7%). However, the workers showing good behavior (61.1%) in preventing COVID-19 transmission. Gender (p=0.009), education background (p=0.017) and company types (p=0.001) were related to the COVID-19 perception. In addition, the perceptions related to the behavior in preventing COVID-19 transmission (p=0.000). Except cues to action, all perception components, i.e., perceived susceptibility (p=0.000), seriousness (p=0.005), benefits (p=0.000), barriers (p=0.000), and self-efficacy (p=0.000) related to behavior to prevent COVID-19 transmission. However, the perception components show a weak correlation with preventing behavior (r=0.167-0.234). The information types were related to perceived barriers (p=0.046) and cues to action (p=0.007). Maintain a safe distance (p=0.029), using a face mask (p=0.039), and eat nutritious food (p=0.019) related to information types. The increase of COVID-19 perception is the key to improve industrial workers' behavior to prevent the COVID-19 transmission.
O ERRO NA EXPRESSÃO EM LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA: UM SIGNO QUE ANUNCIA APROPRIAÇÃO
Authors: Gomes Janaína Nazzari
Published: February 2022

O erro na expressão em língua estrangeira tem sido objeto de discussão em diversos campos que se ocupam da apropriação de línguas, dentre os quais, a Sociolinguística, a Linguística cognitiva e a Didática de línguas. Neste estudo, alternativamente, propomos uma interpretação sobre o erro na expressão em língua estrangeira com base nas reflexões de Ferdinand de Saussure, cuja eloquência tem sido redescoberta após a públicação dos Escritos de Linguística Geral e dos manuscritos de Harvard e de Genebra. Saussure não tratou especificamente da apropriação de línguas estrangeiras, mas fornece-nos, ainda hoje, possíveis indícios para encontrar o que chama de linguístico: uma porção de som, prevista em uma comunidade linguística, a que é atribuída uma significação. Partindo da noção de língua-fala, elaboramos, então, uma reflexão que tem no mecanismo analógico e no princípio do arbitrário do signo (a relação randômica entre porção de som e significação) os principais mecanismos linguísticos que estão presentes na apropriação de uma língua estrangeira. Tais mecanismos, precisamente, são responsáveis por permitirem e propiciarem a apropriação de uma língua não materna.
Le rôle du manuel de FLE dans une approche (pluri)actionnelle
Authors: Neves Lara
Published: February 2022

Dans cet article je m’interroge sur le caractère épistémologique de la didactique des langues étrangères et secondes (désormais DiLES). Cette étude, commencée dans le cadre de mon mémoire de Master, a permis de constater que ce domaine connaît un changement paradigmatique depuis quelques années. Depuis lors je m’intéresse aux diverses instances de validation des pratiques didactiques (méthodologues, didacticiens, marché éditorial, enseignants et apprenants) qui doivent rassembler les notions-clés du domaine autour d’un modèle vraisemblable. A cet effet, j’ai d’abord cherché à éclairer les dernières discussions en DiLES à un niveau didactologique. Autrement dit, j’ai voulu établir un dialogue entre les notions trouvées dans notre domaine et leur possible applicabilité dans les pratiques en salle de classe à partir de l’exemple d’un manuel de FLE. Pour cela je propose une démarche appelée (pluri)actionnelle.
« PENSER EN HOMMES » LE SOURIRE DU SPECTATEUR DE LA CINQUIÈME FEUILLE
Authors: Abramovici Jean-Christophe
Published: February 2022

Si à la Première feuille, en 1721, Marivaux avertit son lecteur : « Lecteur, je ne veux point vous tromper, [...] ce n’est point un auteur que vous allez lire ici », à la Cinquième feuille, en 1722, il commence en affirmant : « Je me sens aujourd’hui dans un libertinage d’idées qui ne peut s’accommoder d’un sujet fixe. » Il s’agit donc, dans cet article, d’exploiter ce sujet fixe dans les différents décors dans lesquels il se déplace. Dans ce parcours on témoigne bien que le texte empile des vérités concurrentes, voire contradictoires, où prime l’adhésion momentanée du narrateur avec lui-même, en ré-vélant une filiation avec les futurs combats des Lumières.
LOUISE MICHEL: ENTRE A MUSA E A METRALHA (RE)LEITURA DA POETA ANARQUISTA NO BRASI
Authors: Vedovato Junior Carlos Moacir
Published: February 2022

O trabalho que segue apresenta parte da obra poética de Louise Michel a partir da tradução de dois poemas inéditos no Brasil; pretende, com isso, contribuir para uma nova leitura da poeta anarquista francesa da segunda metade do século XIX, paralelamente a outros trabalhos que já têm apresentado sua dimensão histórica. O que pretendemos mostrar aqui é a dimensão poética de seu trabalho
“Le Passeur d’eau” de Émile Verhaeren: o apelo de uma nova poética
Authors: Cabral Maria de Jesus
Published: February 2022

Tradução de Bruno Anselmi Matangrano

No itinerário poético de Émile Verhaeren (1855-1916), “Le Passeur d’eau” [O barqueiro] – assim como toda a série de Villages illusoires [Aldeias ilusórias] – aparece, sob vários aspectos, como um poema de transição, entre as primeiras obras do poeta – a célebre “Trilogia negra” impregnada pelo pessimismo schopenhauriano – e a poesia “social” de Campagnes hallucinées [Campos alucinados], nova etapa de uma obra doravante aberta a uma humanidade em plena “revolução”. Partindo de uma anotação do escritor, este artigo pretende destacar como a temática da água, fonte de vida, associada ao esforço cotidiano do barqueiro, à energia humana e à esperança sempre renovados, adquire uma dimensão fortemente simbólica. A água, reflexo da criação na qual o gesto do barqueiro ao leme de sua embarcação e o poeta tornam-se um só, articula de maneira evidente a poética e a ética, configurando uma obra “loucamente” voltada para o futuro, no momento-chave do primeiro grande crescimento da literatura e das artes na Bélgica francófona.
Colaboradores do número 10
Authors: Non Plus Equipe
Published: February 2022

EXPEDIENTE - #10 – JUL./DEZ. de 2016Editores deste número e Organizadores do DossiêBruno Anselmi Matangrano (Doutorando – Universidade de São Paulo – USP/ CNPq)Profa. Dra. Maria de Jesus Cabral (Universidade de Lisboa – FLUL / Portugal)
Meu corpo em campo: reflexões e desafios no trabalho etnográfico com imigrantes na Itália
Authors: Albuquerque Fabiane Cristina
Published: February 2022

O objetivo desse artigo consiste em trazer para o debate os desafios em campo enfrentados pelo corpo do pesquisador, nesse caso, o meu corpo e todos os desafios encontrados durante a pesquisa etnográfica num contexto bem delimitado: Veronetta, um bairro multiétnico em Verona, na Itália. Questões como gênero e raça, que perpassam tais desafios, se mostraram relevantes para os estudos desta natureza, como o acesso ou não a determinados a lugares, a circulação no próprio bairro, as relações interpessoais e, enfim, o êxito da pesquisa. O corpo do pesquisador, elemento muitas vezes transcurado nas pesquisas, é trazido a debate como parte importante da epistemologia, o que implica restituir a corporeidade de todo fazer e saber científico.
Ficar, migrar e disputar o futuro
Authors: Facundo Ângela
Published: February 2022

Contribuições para pensar migrações, mobilidades e políticas de exílio
Tiempos de guerra y tiempos de paz, continuum simbólico de un pueblo de reciente contacto
Authors: Narvaez Roberto , Montalvo Patricio Trujillo
Published: February 2022

Los waorani son un grupo cultural de foresta húmeda tropical que habita en la amazonía ecuatoriana. Su contacto formal con la sociedad nacional del Ecuador se realizó en la década del sesenta del siglo pasado, provocando un violento proceso de cambio en su cosmovisión y ethos visto desde los imaginarios occidentales. Luego de más de cincuenta años de contacto, la guerra, se mantiene vigente como institución social dentro de nuevos marcos simbólicos y los guerreros waorani como referentes de identidad, tradición e historia expresados como un espacio de reafirmación cultural en un contexto moderno. La guerra, para los waorani, ha sido un articulador social puesto otorga prestigio a sus participantes y reconstruye el ethos waorani siendo una expresión vigente de la cultura tradicional en tiempos de paz y tiempos de guerra.
pandemia del Coronavirus en la Amazonía ecuatoriana
Authors: Vallejo Ivette Rossana , Alvarez Katy
Published: February 2022

La pandemia del Coronavirus, generada a partir del llamado SARS-CoV-2 desató una crisis sanitaria a nivel mundial, siendo actualmente Latinoamérica el epicentro de las afectaciones. Si bien en varios países de la región, las ciudades más pobladas son aquellas que concentran los mayores casos de contagio y fallecimiento, las situaciones que enfrenta la cuenca amazónica, principalmente en Brasil, Perú, Colombia y Ecuador son muy preocupantes. En este artículo nos enfocamos en la Amazonía ecuatoriana, con el encuadre de las cifras de la pandemia, los casos de contagio en pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas, las vulnerabilidades, y el olvido del Estado en garantizar acceso a salud, a prevención y gestión de la pandemia con atención a las especificidades de los contextos geográficos y culturales. Finalmente presentamos las acciones realizadas por las organizaciones indígenas para enfrenar el coronavirus.
Cardiac Power Output Is Independently and Incrementally Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Harada Tomonari , Yamaguchi Miho , Omote Kazunori , Iwano Hiroyuki , Mizuguchi Yoshifumi , Amanai Shiro , Yoshida Kuniko , Kato Toshimitsu , Kurosawa Koji , Nagai Toshiyuki , Negishi Kazuaki , Anzai Toshihisa , Obokata Masaru
Published: February 2022

Background:

Cardiac power output is a measure of cardiac performance, and its prognostic significance has been shown in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. Patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction may have altered cardiac performance, but the prognostic relevance of cardiac power output is unknown. This study sought to determine the association between cardiac power output and clinical outcomes in HF with preserved ejection fraction and to compare its prognostic effect to other measures of cardiac performance including ventricular-arterial coupling and mechanical efficiency.

Methods:

Cardiac power output normalized to left ventricular mass was assessed by echocardiography in 408 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. Load-independent contractility (end-systolic elastance), arterial elastance, its coupling (arterial elastance/end-systolic elastance), left ventricular global longitudinal strain, and mechanical efficiency (stroke work/pressure-volume area) were also estimated noninvasively. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular mortality or HF hospitalization.

Results:

The primary composite outcome occurred in 84 patients during a median follow-up of 19.4 months. There was a dose-dependent association between cardiac power output and the composite outcomes, in which patients with the lowest tertile of cardiac power output had >3-fold risk than those with the highest tertile (hazard ratio, 3.04 [95% CI, 1.66–5.57];
P
=0.0003). In a multivariable model, lower cardiac power output was independently associated with adverse outcomes (hazard ratio, 0.70 per 1 SD [95% CI, 0.49–0.97];
P
=0.03). In contrast, left ventricular size, end-systolic elastance, arterial elastance, arterial elastance/end-systolic elastance ratio, and left ventricular mechanical efficiency were not associated with outcomes. Cardiac power output provided an incremental prognostic effect over the model based on clinical (age, gender, diastolic blood pressure, and atrial fibrillation) and echocardiographic markers (left atrial size, pulmonary pressures, global longitudinal strain, and the ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular tissue velocity;
P
=0.03).

Conclusions:

In patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, cardiac power output was independently and incrementally associated with adverse outcomes whereas other markers of cardiac performance were not.
Trends in Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Vascular Neurology Fellowships From 2006 to 2018: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Das Saurav , Farkas Nathan , Binkley Michael , Williams Jonathan , Ebong Ima M. , Akca Ozan , Ford Andria , Van Stavern Renee , Zazulia Allyson
Published: February 2022

Background:

Workforce diversity in vascular neurology is a crucial component of reducing disparities in stroke care and outcomes. The objective of this study is to describe trends in the racial and ethnic diversity of neurology residents pursuing vascular neurology fellowship and propose an actionable plan for improvement.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of race/ethnicity of neurology residents and vascular neurology fellows using published Graduate Medical Education census reports from 2006, when race/ethnicity data were first included, to 2018. Percentage of trainees underrepresented in medicine are reported for 3-year epochs and were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage test (χ
2
test for trend).

Results:

Across the study period, underrepresented in medicine representation has not changed significantly among all neurology residents and subspecialty fellows (11.9% in 2006–2009; 12.5% in 2015–2018,
P
=0.82) nor among neurology residents alone (12.0% in 2006–2009; 12.6% in 2015–2018,
P
=0.81). Among vascular neurology fellows, however, there was a significant downtrend of underrepresented in medicine representation from 16.9% in 2006 to 2009 to 9.3% in 2015 to 2018 (
P
=0.013).

Conclusions:

Racial/ethnic underrepresentation among all neurology residents as well as those pursuing vascular neurology fellowship has persisted across the study period. Concerted efforts should be pursued to increase diversity in neurology residents and vascular neurology fellowship training.
Functional Investigation of Meningeal Lymphatic System in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Hsi , Hsieh Yung-Chia , Lin Jhih Syuan , Kuo Zi-Ting , Ho Chi-Ying , Chen Chih-Hung , Chang Che-Feng
Published: February 2022

Background:

Promotion of hematoma resolution in a timely manner reduces intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) brain injury induced by toxic blood components and subsequent neuroinflammation. The meningeal lymphatic system is responsible for clearance of macromolecules and pathogenic substances from the central nervous system; however, its role in intraparenchymal hematoma clearance and ICH outcomes is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to understand the contribution of the meningeal lymphatic system to ICH pathologies and to test whether pharmacological enhancement of meningeal lymphatic function promotes hematoma resolution and brain recovery after ICH.

Methods:

Immunofluorescence of whole-mount meninges was used to measure complexity and coverage level of meningeal lymphatic vasculature following ICH induction. Fluorescent microbeads and PKH-26-labeled erythrocytes were used to evaluate drainage function of the meningeal lymphatic system. Visudyne treatment, deep cervical lymph node ligation, and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-C injection were performed to manipulate meningeal lymphatic function. Neurobehavioral performance and hematoma volume were assayed by the cylinder test and histological measurements. Iron deposition, residual erythrocytes, neuronal loss, and astrogliosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry and antibody-based fluorescence staining.

Results:

Meningeal lymphangiogenesis and enhanced lymphatic drainage occurred during the late phase of ICH. Ablation and blockage of meningeal lymphatic vessels impeded hematoma clearance, whereas pharmacological enhancement of their function reduced hematoma volume, improved behavioral performance, and reduced brain residual erythrocytes, iron deposition, neuronal loss, and astroglial activation.

Conclusions:

Early enhancement of meningeal lymphatic function is beneficial for ICH recovery. Targeting the meningeal lymphatic system is therefore a potential therapeutic approach for treating ICH.
The Importance of Noise Colour in Simulations of Evolutionary Systems
Authors: Grove Matt , Timbrell Lucy , Jolley Ben , Polack Fiona , Borg James M.
Published: February 2022

Simulations of evolutionary dynamics often employ white noise as a model of stochastic environmental variation. Whilst white noise has the advantages of being simply generated and analytically tractable, empirical analyses demonstrate that most real environmental time series have power spectral densities consistent with pink or red noise, in which lower frequencies contribute proportionally greater amplitudes than higher frequencies. Simulated white noise environments may therefore fail to capture key components of real environmental time series, leading to erroneous results. To explore the effects of different noise colours on evolving populations, a simple evolutionary model of the interaction between life-history and the specialism-generalism axis was developed. Simulations were conducted using a range of noise colours as the environments to which agents adapted. Results demonstrate complex interactions between noise colour, reproductive rate, and the degree of evolved generalism; importantly, contradictory conclusions arise from simulations using white as opposed to red noise, suggesting that noise colour plays a fundamental role in generating adaptive responses. These results are discussed in the context of previous research on evolutionary responses to fluctuating environments, and it is suggested that Artificial Life as a field should embrace a wider spectrum of coloured noise models to ensure that results are truly representative of environmental and evolutionary dynamics.
Perilesional Perfusion in Chronic Stroke-Induced Aphasia and Its Response to Behavioral Treatment Interventions
Authors: Walenski Matthew , Chen Yufen , Litcofsky Kaitlyn A. , Caplan David , Kiran Swathi , Rapp Brenda , Parrish Todd B. , Thompson Cynthia K.
Published: February 2022

Stroke-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow (perfusion) may contribute to functional language impairments in chronic aphasia, particularly in perilesional tissue. Abnormal perfusion in this region may also serve as a biomarker for predicting functional improvements with behavioral treatment interventions. Using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we examined perfusion in chronic aphasia, in perilesional rings in the left hemisphere and their right hemisphere homologues. In the left hemisphere we found a gradient pattern of decreasing perfusion closer to the lesion. The opposite pattern was found in the right hemisphere, with significantly increased perfusion close to the lesion homologue. Perfusion was also increased in the right hemisphere lesion homologue region relative to the surrounding tissue. We next examined changes in perfusion in two groups: one group who underwent MRI scanning before and after three months of a behavioral treatment intervention that led to significant language gains, and a second group who was scanned twice at a three-month interval without a treatment intervention. For both groups, there was no difference in perfusion over time in either the left or the right hemisphere. Moreover, within the treatment group pre-treatment perfusion scores did not predict treatment response; neither did pre-treatment perfusion predict post-treatment language performance. These results indicate that perfusion is chronically abnormal in both hemispheres, but chronically abnormal perfusion did not change in response to our behavioral treatment interventions, and did not predict responsiveness to language treatment.
Gravity Wave Generation in Balanced Sheared Flow Revisited
Authors: Chouksey Manita , Eden Carsten , Olbers Dirk
Published: February 2022

The generation of internal gravity waves from an initially geostrophically balanced flow is diagnosed in nonhydrostatic numerical simulations of shear instabilities for varied dynamical regimes. A nonlinear decomposition method up to third order in the Rossby number (Ro) is used as the diagnostic tool for a consistent separation of the balanced and unbalanced motions in the presence of their nonlinear coupling. Wave emission is investigated in an Eady-like and a jet-like flow. For the jet-like case, geostrophic and ageostrophic unstable modes are used to initialize the flow in different simulations. Gravity wave emission is in general very weak over a range of values for Ro. At sufficiently high Ro, however, when the condition for symmetric instability is satisfied with negative values of local potential vorticity, significant wave emission is detected even at the lowest order. This is related to the occurrence of fast ageostrophic instability modes, generating a wide spectrum of waves. Thus, gravity waves are excited from the instability of the balanced mode to lowest order only if the condition of symmetric instability is satisfied and ageostrophic unstable modes obtain finite growth rates.

Significance Statement

We aim to understand the generation of internal gravity waves in the atmosphere and ocean from a flow field that is initially balanced, i.e., free from any internal gravity waves. To examine this process, we use simulations from idealized numerical models and nonlinear flow decomposition method to identify waves. Our results show that a prominent mechanism by which waves can be generated is related to symmetric or ageostrophic instabilities of the balanced flow possibly occurring during frontogenesis. This process can be a significant mechanism to dissipate the energy of the geostrophic flow in the ocean.
Vascular Complications Among Patients Undergoing Trans-femoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Prostar vs ProGlide Parallel Technique
Authors: Marcusohn Erez , Qasum Majd , Epstein Danny , Solomonica Amir , Orbach Ady , Musallam Anees , Kerner Arthur , Feld Yair
Published: February 2022

Reliable femoral artery closure devices are essential for the success of trans-femoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) procedures. Accordingly, device choice might affect vascular complications and bleeding rates. This was a retrospective analysis, comparing vascular complication rates among patients who underwent trans-femoral TAVI with vascular access closure using either the ProGlide parallel suture or Prostar closure devices. We included 191 patients: 106 were treated with Prostar and 85 with ProGlide. The ProGlide group had higher rate of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, and significantly smaller femoral arteries that were treated via larger sheaths. Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)-2 major complications were similar between the groups. (4.7% for ProGlide vs 3.8% for Prostar, P=1), with similar incidence of closure device failure (2 vs 3, P=1). No differences were found after univariant analysis and propensity-score matching in the incidence of major and minor bleeding nor in the rate of in-hospital mortality between ProGlide and Prostar (4.7 vs 2.8%, P=.7, 1.2 vs 2.8%, P=.63, and 1.2 vs .0%, P=.45, respectively). Parallel suture technique using two ProGlide sutures showed comparable rates of vascular complications to the Prostar closure device in higher risk population of TAVI patients.