bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of diacutaneous fibrolysis in patients with tension-type headache: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cabanillas-Barea Sara , Pérez-Guillén Silvia , López-de-Celis Carlos , Rodríguez-Sanz Jacobo , Fanlo-Mazas Pablo , Carrasco-Uribarren Andoni
Published: March 2023

Background

Manual therapy appears to be effective for the relief of tension-type headache (TTH), just as diacutaneous fibrolysis (DF) has shown to be a beneficial technique for the relief of symptoms in other dysfunctions. However, no studies have evaluated the potential beneficial effect of DF in TTH. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of three sessions of DF in patients with TTH.

Methods

Randomized controlled trial in 86 subjects (43 intervention/ 43 control group). The headache frequency, the headache intensity, the pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) at trapeziometacarpal joint, upper trapezius, suboccipital, frontal and temporal muscles, parietal sutures and the cervical mobility were measured at baseline, at the end of the third intervention and one-month after the last intervention.

Results

Statistically significant differences with p values <0.05 were observed between groups in favor of the intervention group in the one-month follow-up in the following variables: headache frequency, headache intensity, flexion, extension, right and left side-bending, right and left rotation, PPTs in left trapeziometacarpal joint, right suboccipital muscle, right and left temporal muscle, left frontal muscle and right and left parietal.

Conclusions

DF provides a beneficial effect in reducing headache frequency, relieving pain, and improving cervical mobility in patients with TTH.
Application of Indian Diabetic Risk Score (IDRS) and Community Based Assessment Checklist (CBAC) as Metabolic Syndrome prediction tools
Authors: Gupta Manoj Kumar , Dutta Gitashree , G. Sridevi , Raghav Pankaja , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Saurabh Suman , S. Srikanth , K. H. Naveen , T. Prasanna , Rustagi Neeti , Sharma Prem Prakash
Published: March 2023

Background

Indian Diabetic Risk Score (IDRS) and Community Based Assessment Checklist (CBAC) are easy, inexpensive, and non-invasive tools that can be used to screen people for Metabolic Syndrome (Met S). The study aimed to explore the prediction abilities of IDRS and CBAC tools for Met S.

Methods

All the people of age ≥30 years attending the selected rural health centers were screened for Met S. We used the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria to diagnose the Met S. ROC curves were plotted by taking Met S as dependent variables, and IDRS and CBAC scores as independent/prediction variables. Sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), Positive and Negative Predictive Value (PPV and NPV), Likelihood Ratio for positive and negative tests (LR+and LR-), Accuracy, and Youden’s index were calculated for different IDRS and CBAC scores cut-offs. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.23 and MedCalc v.20.111.

Results

A total of 942 participants underwent the screening process. Out of them, 59 (6.4%, 95% CI: 4.90–8.12) were found to have Met S. Area Under the Curve (AUC) for IDRS in predicting Met S was 0.73 (95%CI: 0.67–0.79), with 76.3% (64.0%-85.3%) sensitivity and 54.6% (51.2%-57.8%) specificity at the cut-off of ≥60. For the CBAC score, AUC was 0.73 (95%CI: 0.66–0.79), with 84.7% (73.5%-91.7%) sensitivity and 48.8% (45.5%-52.1%) specificity at the cut-off of ≥4 (Youden’s Index, 2.1). The AUCs of both parameters (IDRS and CBAC scores) were statistically significant. There was no significant difference (p = 0.833) in the AUCs of IDRS and CBAC [Difference between AUC = 0.00571].

Conclusion

The current study provides scientific evidence that both IDRS and CBAC have almost 73% prediction ability for Met S. Though CBAC holds relatively greater sensitivity (84.7%) than IDRS (76.3%), the difference in prediction abilities is not statistically significant. The prediction abilities of IDRS and CBAC found in this study are inadequate to qualify as Met S screening tools.
Regional differences in primary healthcare utilization in Java Region—Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Ratna Dwi , Laksono Agung Dwi , Rohmah Nikmatur , Ashar Hadi
Published: March 2023

Background

Policymakers must understand primary healthcare utilization disparity to minimize the gap because they must seek fair service for every citizen. The study analyzes regional differences in primary healthcare utilization in Java Region-Indonesia.

Methods

The cross-sectional research analyzes secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey. The study setting represented Java Region-Indonesia, and the participants were adults 15 years or more. The survey explores 629,370 respondents. The study used primary healthcare utilization as an outcome variable and province as the exposure variable. Moreover, the study employed eight control variables (residence, age, gender, education, marital, employment, wealth, and insurance). The study evaluated data using binary logistic regression in the final step.

Results

People in Jakarta are 1.472 times more likely to utilize primary healthcare than those in Banten (AOR 1.472; 95% CI 1.332–1.627). People in Yogyakarta are 1.267 times more likely to use primary healthcare than those in Banten (AOR 1.267; 95% CI 1.112–1.444). In addition, people in East Java are 15% less likely to utilize primary healthcare than those in Banten (AOR 0.851; 95% CI 0.783–0.924). Meanwhile, direct healthcare utilization was the same between West Java, Central Java, and Banten Province. They are sequentially starting from the minor primary healthcare utilization: East Java, Central Java, Banten, West Java, Yogyakarta, and Jakarta.

Conclusion

Disparities between regions exist in the Java Region-Indonesia. They are sequentially starting from the minor primary healthcare utilization: East Java, Central Java, Banten, West Java, Yogyakarta, and Jakarta.
Antecedents of the use of social media and its effects on startups’ resilience and innovation
Authors: Giordani Mikaéli da Silva , Schlup Daiani , Beuren Ilse Maria
Published: March 2023

Objective of the study: Examine which antecedent factors favored the use of social media and which, substantiated in the organizational resilience, provoked innovation in startups in times of pandemic. Methodology/approach: A survey was carried out on startups located in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, listed on the StartupBase, obtaining 119 questionnaires answered by the managers. Structural equation modeling was used for the analysis of the hypotheses. Main results: The environment, measured by external pressure, and the organizational, measured by the dimensions of internal readiness and strategic benefits, figure as antecedents of the use of social media. The use of social media has a direct and positive effect on organizational resilience and, mediated by organizational resilience, has positive effect on innovation. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The literature is expanded by analyzing antecedents and consequences of the use of social media, particularly related to the capacity for organizational resilience and the promotion of innovation. Relevance/originality: Empirical evidence indicates that social media can help develop resilience in startups and, consequently, promote innovation in times of pandemic. Social/management contributions: The focus on social media revealed that it can generate benefits in periods of restrictions, since the use of social media substantiated in organizational resilience enables interaction and value creation.
Ecosystem service trade-offs at small lakes: Preferences of the public and anglers
Authors: Meyerhoff Jürgen , Klefoth Thomas , Arlinghaus Robert
Published: March 2023

Small lakes provide substantial ecosystem services to society, particularly recreational services. These ecosystem services are rarely quantified. It is also unclear whether expectations about desired lake attributes by various user groups and the public at large align. In many landscapes most small lakes artificially originate from sand and gravel mining along highways and close to cities. Using a choice experiment, in samples from north-western Germany we quantified the ecological services provided by these so-called gravel pit lakes and investigated potential conflicts among the preferences of the public and anglers as a specific user group. The same visual choice sets were employed to assess the preferences for different recreational services as well as biodiversity attributes. We also tested whether the presence of anglers at the small gravel pit lakes affected how people from the public valued the services provided by the lakes. Both the public and the anglers valued the presence of endangered fish species and endangered other taxa positively, suggesting that improved conservation of biodiversity would benefit all users. The public and anglers varied in relation to the recreational uses desired at gravel pit lakes. The opportunity to swim was valued positively by the public and negatively by the surveyed anglers. Yet, the presence of anglers did not significantly reduce the value assigned to gravel pit lakes by the public, suggesting the co-existence of anglers and swimmers would be possible. Co-existence could be fostered through establishing separate angling and swimming zones. Our work suggests the presence of local trade-offs in the management of small gravel pit lakes, specifically between swimmers and anglers. However, conservation of endangered species constitutes a common goal that suits the expectations of all.
Does Profit Maximization Assumption in Economics Comply with Shariah? Evidence from Theoretical and Empirical Findings
Authors: Sunaryati Sunaryati , Qoyum Abdul
Published: March 2023

The objective of this paper is to discuss the issue of profit maximization from a shariah point of view. The study is very relevant, especially in the current development of Islamic economics. Profit maximization is the central issue in conventional economics and the implication is that all firm decisions must be intended to realize a profit. This paper uses a qualitative approach to answer the main research question. Using a comprehensive study on the Al-Quran and previous empirical findings, the study reveals that profit maximization is still accepted, but not as a single objective. Islamic economics must use comprehensive objectives that not only profit but also maqasid shariah maximization, including environmental, and social aspects.
A padronização do trabalho na higienização de leitos hospitalares
Authors: Turati Ricardo de Carvalho , Pinto Darlene Pereira
Published: March 2023

O hospital é um organismo complexo, no qual a inobservância de fatores essenciais aos processos compromete a prestação de cuidados à saúde e bem-estar dos envolvidos. A manutenção da saúde no tocante aos procedimentos de limpeza de superfícies englobam a limpeza concorrente (diária) e limpeza terminal (realizada após a saída do paciente). O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os procedimentos adotados durante a higienização dos leitos, além das práticas que envolvem a disponibilização dos leitos higienizados propondo melhorias para a padronização de processos com base em ferramentas da Produção Enxuta. Utilizou-se como abordagem um estudo de caso, baseado em análises documentais e observações in loco de procedimentos adotados na atividade de higienização e em setores que auxiliam tal atividade. Para a concretização de tal estudo, realizou-se a coleta de dados durante o período de Junho a Agosto de 2019. Como resultado, foram abordadas sugestões de melhoria que visam a eliminação de desperdícios de superprodução, tempo de espera, transporte, movimentação e estoque. Com relação a quantificação de desperdícios, espera-se que uma das propostas de melhoria auxilia a reduzir anualmente 416 limpezas concorrentes na unidade analisada. A eliminação de tais desperdícios proporciona maior agilidade no que diz respeito a liberação de leitos, focando nas atividades que realmente agregam valor ao paciente, razão de existir das organizações hospitalares.
Avaliação de desempenho de fornecedores em Healthcare
Authors: Pontes Andréia Cristina da Silva Jordão Emerenciano , Musetti Marcel Andreotti
Published: March 2023

A avaliação de fornecedores e o suporte à sua melhoria contínua tornaram-se críticos para o gerenciamento de desempenho da cadeia de suprimentos. Para superar eventuais falhas no alinhamento entre instituição e fornecedores, este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar um esquema que combina o modelo Fuzzy TOPSIS Class para avaliar e categorizar os fornecedores em 3 grupos e a matriz de Kraljic utilizado para auxiliar na classificação dos insumos visando amparar a decisão de quais critérios de relacionamento com o fornecedor são mais críticos. A lacuna oportunizada para esta pesquisa é a necessidade da proposição de critérios e técnica para avaliação do desempenho dos fornecedores de materiais médico hospitalares, considerados insumos críticos para o setor hospitalar. Os resultados mostraram que apesar da técnica apresentada ser de grande utilidade para o gestores da cadeia de suprimentos quando da realização da avaliação de seus fornecedores de insumos considerados críticos, o caráter não compensativo dos critérios restringe a categorização das alternativas.
Beta‐adrenergic agonist induces unique transcriptomic signature in inguinal white adipose tissue
Authors: Paz Henry A. , Pilkington Anna‐Claire , Loy Hannah D. , Zhong Ying , Shankar Kartik , Wankhade Umesh D.
Published: March 2023

Activation of thermogenic adipose tissue depots has been linked to improved metabolism and weight loss. To study the molecular regulation of adipocyte thermogenesis, we performed RNA‐Seq on brown adipose tissue (BAT), gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT), and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) from mice treated with β3‐adrenoreceptor agonist CL316,243 (CL). Our analysis revealed diverse transcriptional profile and identified pathways in response to CL treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in iWATCL were associated with the upregulation of pathways involved in cellular immune responses and with the upregulation of the browning program. We identified 39 DEGs in beige adipose which included certain heat shock proteins (Hspa1a and Hspa1b), and others suggesting potential associations with browning. Our results highlight transcriptional heterogeneity across adipose tissues and reveal genes specifically regulated in beige adipose, potentially aiding in identifying novel browning pathways.
FGFR regulator Memo1 is dispensable for FGF23 expression by osteoblasts during folic acid‐driven kidney injury
Authors: Bartos Katalin , Moor Matthias B.
Published: March 2023

Loss of the mediator Of cell motility 1 (Memo1) in mice caused kidney disease and a bone disease with diminished osteoblast and osteoclast biomarkers in serum, resembling alterations occurring in adynamic bone disease in humans with chronic kidney disease or in Klotho‐deficient mice. Here, we investigated whether Memo1 expression in osteoblasts is required for normal bone structure and FGF23 expression. We deleted Memo1 in the osteoblast–osteocyte lineage in Memo fl/fl mice using a Cre under Col1a1 promotor to obtain osteoblast‐specific knockout (obKO) mice. We studied organs by micro‐computed tomography, qPCR, and western blot. We challenged mice with folic acid for acute kidney injury (AKI) and analyzed organs. Memo obKO were viable without changes in gross anatomy, serum electrolytes, or circulating FGF23 concentrations compared to controls. Memo1 expression was blunted in bones of Memo obKO, whereas it remained unchanged in other organs. Micro‐CT revealed no differences between genotypes in bone structure of vertebrae, femur, and tibia. During AKI, Fgf23 expression in calvaria, and renal transcriptional changes were comparable between genotypes. However, renal injury marker expression, circulating FGF23, and parathyroid hormone revealed a sex difference with more severely affected females than males of either genotype. The present data imply that Memo1 in osteoblasts is dispensable for bone structure and expression of Fgf23. Moreover, we found evidence of potential sex differences in murine folic acid nephropathy similar to other experimental models of renal injury that are important to consider when using this experimental model of renal injury.
Characteristics of acid‐sensing ion channel currents in male rat muscle dorsal root ganglion neurons following ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Li Qin , Qin Lu , Li Jianhua
Published: March 2023

Peripheral artery diseases (PAD) increases muscle afferent nerve‐activated reflex sympathetic nervous and blood pressure responses during exercise (termed as exercise pressor reflex). However, the precise signaling pathways leading to the exaggerated autonomic responses in PAD are undetermined. Considering that limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a feature of PAD, we determined the characteristics of acid‐sensing ion channel (ASIC) currents in muscle dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons under the conditions of hindlimb I/R and ischemia of PAD. In particular, we examined ASIC currents in two distinct subpopulations, isolectin B4‐positive, and B4‐negative (IB4+ and IB4−) muscle DRG neurons, linking to glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor. In results, ASIC1a‐ and ASIC3‐like currents were observed in IB4− muscle DRG neurons with a greater percentage of ASIC3‐like currents. Hindimb I/R and ischemia did not alter the distribution of ASIC1a and ASIC3 currents with activation of pH 6.7 in IB4+ and IB4− muscle DRG neurons; however, I/R altered the distribution of ASIC3 currents in IB4+ muscle DRG neurons with pH 5.5, but not in IB4− neurons. In addition, I/R and ischemia amplified the density of ASIC3‐like currents in IB4− muscle DRG neurons. Our results suggest that a selective subpopulation of muscle afferent nerves should be taken into consideration when ASIC signaling pathways are studied to determine the exercise pressor reflex in PAD.
Discharge predicted in compound channels using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)
Authors: Khattab Noor I. , Mohammed Ahmed Y. , Mala Obaida Arwa A.
Published: March 2023

Some hydraulic structures and phenomena, including compound channels, must be studied in relation to open channel flow. Despite the fact that the primary channel and watersheds share a similar degree of roughness, estimating discharge in composite channels with mainstreams and flood plains has proved tricky. The flow discharge for a compound channel with different roughness in the primary and flood plain channels has been studied, and the results computed experimentally using horizontal division level have been compared with those predicted using dimensional analysis and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. The results show good agreement between experimental and numerical for discharge calculation according to root-mean-square error, MARE, R
2, SI, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, with a percentage error not exceeding ±5%.
Hypoparathyroidism and medium-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, an unusual association
Authors: Huguet Isabel , Díaz-Guerra Guillermo Martínez
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a rare disorder and non-surgical cases require careful evaluation, since may be due to genetic, autoimmune, or metabolic factors.

Case presentation

We present a 15-year-old girl with a previous diagnosis of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency due to G985A homozygous mutation. She was admitted to the emergency department with severe hypocalcaemia and inappropriately normal level of intact parathyroid hormone. Main etiologies of primary HypoPT were excluded, so it was suspected to be related to MCAD deficiency.

Conclusions

The association of fatty acid oxidation disorders and HypoPT has been previously described in the literature, but its link to MCAD deficiency has only been reported once. We present the second case describing the coexistence of both rare diseases. Since HypoPT can be a life-threatening condition, we suggest calcium levels be assessed in these patients on a regular basis. Further research is needed to better understand this complex association.
Wide-angle deep ultraviolet antireflective multilayers via discrete-to-continuous optimization
Authors: Kim Jae-Hyun , Kim Dong In , Lee Sun Sook , An Ki-Seok , Yim Soonmin , Lee Eungkyu , Kim Sun-Kyung
Published: March 2023

To date, various optimization algorithms have been used to design non-intuitive photonic structures with unconventional optical performance. Good training datasets facilitate the optimization process, particularly when an objective function has a non-convex shape containing multiple local optima in a continuous parametric space. Herein, we developed a discrete-to-continuous optimization algorithm and confirmed its validity by designing and fabricating deep-ultraviolet antireflective MgF2/LaF3 multilayers. For discrete optimization, a multilayer was encoded into a binary vector with multiple bits; a 10 nm thick MgF2 or LaF3 layer was assigned a binary digit of 0 or 1, respectively. Using the binary-based training datasets, a factorization machine formulated a surrogate function, which discovered the ground binary vector representing a near-optimal figure of merit. Then, the figure of merit was refined through continuous optimization (e.g., using an interior-point method) of the ground binary vector. MgF2/LaF3 multilayers with a variety of bit levels were created to attain a minimum average angular (0°–45°) reflectance at 193 nm. A MgF2/LaF3 multilayer optimized at ten bits (i.e., a total thickness of approximately 100 nm) yielded an average reflectance of 0.2%, which agreed well with the experimental results. Moreover, an integrated ray-wave optics simulation predicted that a single CaF2 plano-convex lens coated with the optimized multilayer could exhibit a transmittance of 99.7%. The developed optimization approach will be widely applicable to any photonic structures that can represent a binary vector with multiple bits, such as microwave metasurfaces, in addition to being useful for producing ideal optical multilayers.
Adomian decomposition method for solution of fourteenth order boundary value problems
Authors: Khalid Aasma , Naeem Muhammad Nawaz , Jamal Neelam , Askar Sameh , Ahmad Hijaz
Published: March 2023

Differential equations (DEs) performed a vital role in the implementation of almost all the mechanical, physical, or biological processes. Higher order DEs had always been challenging to solve for the researchers so numerous numerical techniques were developed to attain the vital numerical approximations of such types of problems. In this work, highly advanced numerical techniques are established for the approximation of the fourteenth (14th)-order boundary value problems using Adomian decomposition method. The mathematical outcomes of the equations are attained in the form of convergent series that have effortlessly assessable components having step size h = 10. Some numerical examples are also deliberated to demonstrate the capability and application of the established procedure.
Xanthoangelol, geranilated chalcone compound, isolation from pudau leaves (Artocarpus kemando Miq.) as antibacterial and anticancer
Authors: Suhartati Tati , Andriyani Novita , Yandri Yandri , Hadi Sutopo
Published: March 2023

From the leaves of Artocarpus kemando Miq, locally known as pudau plant, a flavonoid has been isolated and identified. The compound was then tested as antibacterial agent against Bacillus subtillis and Escherichia coli. The first step of isolation was extraction by maceration using methanol as solvent, and then followed by fractionation using partition treatment and vacuum liquid chromatography. Finally, the compound was purified using column chromatography method. The purity of the compound was evaluated using thin layer chromatography and melting point measurement, and the compound was subsequently characterized using UV–Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. A total of 66.2 mg of the compound was obtained, in the form of yellow needle crystals with a melting point of 142.8–144 °C, which is a compound of geranylated chalcone, xanthoangelol. Xanthoangelol was the first chalcone compound isolated from A. kemando. Antibacterial tests were carried out at varied doses of 0.5; 0.4; and 0.3 mg/disk, and revealed that the compound exhibits high inhibitory power against B. subtillis, but has no activity against E. coli. The anticancer activity of xanthoangelol on MCF-7 cells indicated that the compound has an IC50 value of 7.79 μg/mL, suggesting that the compound possesses an active cytotoxic activity.
Detailed investigation of supersonic film cooling performance in a convergent divergent nozzle
Authors: Chen Lingling , Shi Yongqiang , Yang Haoqi , Shi Yalin , Yang Qingzhen
Published: March 2023

This paper numerically studied supersonic film cooling performance in a convergent divergent nozzle, for the purpose of exploring and extending the knowledge of high-efficient cooling techniques for exhaust nozzles in real working conditions. The work was conducted with a steady state RANS approach with the SST turbulence model. The boundary conditions were chosen to mimic a real engine condition. The slot height and the inlet pressure ratio were varied to investigate the effect of the geometrical condition and flow condition. The flow field was analyzed in detail to study the phenomena of the supersonic secondary flow injected into the transonic flow. Besides the cooling effectiveness, the thrust coefficient and the discharge coefficient for the cooling cases were discussed together with the baseline case, to evaluate the influence of the supersonic coolant injection on the nozzle performance. The work can be a basis for the design of cooling schemes in an aero-engine exhaust nozzle.
WPŁYW PANDEMII COVID-19 NA ZACHOWANIA ŻYWIENIOWE DZIECI I MŁODZIEŻY
Authors: MIKULEC ANNA , ZBOROWSKI MAREK , CISOŃ-APANASEWICZ URSZULA , STAWIARSKA ALEKSANDRA , KOWALSKI STANISŁAW
Published: March 2023

Background. Social isolation turned out to be a new experience that affected many aspects, including those related to the lifestyle of people all around the world. Changing dietary habits, combined with reduced physical activity, may contribute to an increased risk of obesity among children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the social isolation related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the eating behavior of children and adolescents. The research tool was a questionnaire consisting of open-ended and choice questions concerning issues related to eating behaviors, regularity and frequency of meals, specific product groups and supplements used. Results and conclusion. Most respondents were teenagers aged 13 ÷ 15 and 16 ÷ 18 living in rural areas. Weight gain during the social isolation related to the COVID-19 pandemic was declared by 28.5 % of girls and 36.3 % of boys. The main reasons were a remote learning mode, decreased physical activity, depressed mood, stress, eating and sleep disorders. There were no significant differences in the number of meals consumed before and during the pandemic between boys and girls. Before the pandemic, both groups were comprised mainly by people eating three meals. During the social isolation, the number of people eating five or more meals a day increased in both groups. An increase in the consumption of coffee, tea and salty and sweet snacks was observed. During the pandemic, the number of people undertaking physical activity decreased, so did the average time spend on sports.
SK and Kv4 Channels Limit Spike Timing Perturbations in Pacemaking Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Higgs Matthew H. , Jones James A. , Wilson Charles J. , Beckstead Michael J.
Published: March 2023

Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are among the best characterized pacemaker neurons, having intrinsic, rhythmic firing activity even in the absence of synaptic input. However, the mechanisms of DA neuron pacemaking have not been systematically related to how these cells respond to synaptic input. The input–output properties of pacemaking neurons can be characterized by the phase-resetting curve (PRC), which describes the sensitivity of interspike interval (ISI) length to inputs arriving at different phases of the firing cycle. Here we determined PRCs of putative DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta in brain slices from male and female mice using gramicidin-perforated current-clamp recordings with electrical noise stimuli applied through the patch pipette. On average, and compared with nearby putative GABA neurons, DA neurons showed a low, nearly constant level of sensitivity across most of the ISI, but individual cells had PRCs showing relatively greater sensitivity at early or late phases. Pharmacological experiments showed that DA neuron PRCs are shaped by small-conductance calcium-activated potassium and Kv4 channels, which limit input sensitivity across early and late phases of the ISI. Our results establish the PRC as a tractable experimental measurement of individual DA neuron input–output relationships and identify two of the major ionic conductances that limit perturbations to rhythmic firing. These findings have applications in modeling and for identifying biophysical changes in response to disease or environmental manipulations.
Hypothesis Testing Preferences in Research Decision Making
Authors: Anglin Stephanie M. , Drummond Otten Caitlin , Broomell Stephen B.
Published: March 2023

Public opinion about research can affect how society gathers evidence through public support for research funding. Studies consistently show that people selectively search for and evaluate evidence in ways that are partial to their pre-existing views. The present research tested how these processes influence public support for new research on politicized topics, examining individuals’ preferences for conducting studies that were otherwise identical except for the direction of the hypothesis. In two preregistered experiments, participants made choices between two hypothetical studies with opposing hypotheses on a polarized topic, first in the absence of evidence and then with conflicting evidence after researchers had collected evidence supporting their respective hypotheses. We predicted that participants would report greater belief-consistent preferences in the absence of evidence than presence of conflicting evidence. However, participants preferred to conduct the belief-consistent study in both the absence and presence of conflicting evidence. Importantly, individual differences emerged in participants’ preferences and reasoning: those who reported no preference scored higher in scientific reasoning and actively open-minded thinking. These findings suggest that, on average, laypeople prioritize research with belief-consistent hypotheses, but those with stronger scientific reasoning and actively open-minded thinking were more likely to recognize the studies were scientifically equivalent and report a neutral preference.
TFEB‐dependent lysosome biogenesis is required for senescence
Authors: Curnock Rachel , Yalci Katy , Palmfeldt Johan , Jäättelä Marja , Liu Bin , Carroll Bernadette
Published: March 2023

The accumulation of senescent cells is recognised as a driver of tissue and organismal ageing. One of the gold‐standard hallmarks of a senescent cell is an increase in lysosomal content, as measured by senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (Senβ‐Gal) activity. The lysosome plays a central role in integrating mitogenic and stress cues to control cell metabolism, which is known to be dysregulated in senescence. Despite this, little is known about the cause and consequence of lysosomal biogenesis in senescence. We find here that lysosomes in senescent cells are dysfunctional; they have higher pH, increased evidence of membrane damage and reduced proteolytic capacity. The significant increase in lysosomal content is however sufficient to maintain degradative capacity of the cell to a level comparable to proliferating control cells. We demonstrate that increased nuclear TFEB/TFE3 supports lysosome biogenesis, is a hallmark of multiple forms of senescence and is required for senescent cell survival. TFEB/TFE3 are hypo‐phosphorylated and show constitutive nuclear localisation in senescence. Evidence suggests that several pathways may contribute to TFEB/TFE3 dysregulation in senescence.
Sayonara to some evolutionary puzzles in the Bcl‐2 family
Authors: White Kristin
Published: March 2023

BH3‐only proteins are key regulators of Bcl‐2 family members to activate apoptosis. The absence of a BH3‐only protein in Drosophila has complicated the understanding of how Bcl‐2 family members contribute to cell death in this model organism. Recent work published in The EMBO Journal reports on the identification of a BH3‐only protein in flies. The reported findings may help to clarify the functional role and molecular mechanisms of the highly conserved Bcl‐2 pathway in divergent organisms.
About synthesis mechanism of periodic oxide nanocrystallites on surface of single-crystal InP
Authors: Kovachov S. , Bohdanov I. , Bardus I. , Drozhcha D. , Tikhovod K. , Khrekin A. , Bondarenko V. , Kosogov I. , Suchikova Y.
Published: March 2023

We have obtained unique periodic oxide nanocrystallites on the surface of indium phosphide. The morphological characteristics of the structures obtained and their component composition are investigated in the article. The main attention is focused on explaining the mechanism of the periodic structures, which are packed by the ‘parquet floor’ type. The mechanism based on sliding the sources of rectangular-shaped dislocation loops has been proposed. The system of the main and secondary (ingoing) dislocations that cause the formation of the steps has been considered. The mathematical interpretation of the described model has also been proposed.
Peces marinos, peces fluviales: explotación diferencial por grupos cazadores-recolectores del noreste de Chubut (Patagonia central, Argentina)
Authors: Svoboda Ariadna , Gómez Otero Julieta
Published: March 2023

La incorporación de peces a la dieta de grupos cazadores-recolectores puede evaluarse en función de su densidad, la disponibilidad de recursos de mayor tamaño corporal, la tecnología disponible, entre otros. En este trabajo se aborda la variabilidad en el registro ictiofaunístico durante el Holoceno tardío en dos áreas: el valle inferior del río Chubut y su desembocadura y costa adyacente. De acuerdo a la productividad ambiental, la disponibilidad de recursos de alta jerarquía y las oportunidades de captura de peces, se genera un modelo de subsistencia que evalúa la diversidad e importancia relativa de los peces para las dos áreas. Las expectativas zooarqueológicas derivadas son discutidas a partir de los muestreos faunísticos de las localidades Barranca Norte y Los Cangrejales Sur (desembocadura y costa) y los sitios Loma Grande 1 y Cinco Esquinas 1 (valle inferior), ubicados a unos 30 y 18 km del mar respectivamente. Los resultados arrojan diferencias en la riqueza taxonómica de peces: en el valle predominan las percas, mientras que en la desembocadura y costa se explotó una amplia variedad. Se registró una importante contribución de peces en ambas áreas; sin embargo, en los campamentos residenciales de la desembocadura los restos de peces son menos frecuentes.
Explotación de peces en Lagunas de Guanacache. Altos de Melién II
Authors: Corbat M. , Cahiza P. , García Llorca J. , Gil A.
Published: March 2023

Hasta recientemente la investigación zooarqueológica del centro occidente de Argentina se focalizó en la importancia de los mamíferos grandes, principalmente camélidos. Existe relativamente abundante información etnohistórica que ilustra la importancia de la explotación de peces en las lagunas de Guanacache para momentos históricos. Sin embargo –salvo contadas excepciones– el registro zooarqueológico ha sido poco explorado en relación a este tema, a pesar de encontrarse abundantes restos de peces en distintos sectores de la planicie. En este trabajo se analizan los datos obtenidos a partir de los restos de peces recuperados en el sitio Altos de Melién II, sector I (Guanacache) y se los compara con aquellos provenientes de otros conjuntos arqueológicos recuperados en contextos cercanos, con el objetivo de avanzar sobre el conocimiento del consumo de peces en esta zona del NE de Mendoza, atendiendo especialmente a los potenciales procesos de formación que inciden en este tipo de conjuntos. El registro ictioarqueológico en AM II presenta un predominio de restos pertenecientes a perca criolla (Percichthys trucha), aunque se han identificado también especimenes de pejerrey patagónico (Odontesthes hatcheri). Analizando la representación de los segmentos corporales y otros indicadores, se sugiere que el registro es producto principalmente del descarte de aquellas partes no consumibles para un aprovechamiento ligado a la subsistencia.
Observaciones tafonómicas naturalistas sobre restos de armadillos (Dasypodidae) en Patagonia meridional
Authors: Sebastián Muñoz A.
Published: March 2023

En este trabajo se presentan observaciones tafonómicas efectuadas sobre restos de armadillos patagónicos (Dasypodidae) depositados naturalmente en la localidad arqueológica de Punta Entrada, desembocadura del río Santa Cruz. Las observaciones se efectuaron de manera periódica y estuvieron guiadas por tres objetivos principales: a) investigar las particularidades que presenta la desarticulación natural de carcasas de armadillos, b) evaluar el aporte potencial de éstos últimos al registro fósil local y c) explorar el ritmo de meteorización de los elementos óseos expuestos. Los resultados muestran que la coraza dorsal condiciona el ritmo de exposición de los distintos elementos, así como su posterior distribución espacial. El aporte de huesos aislados es potencialmente variable, ya que están sometidos a procesos recurrentes de enterramiento y exposición. Finalmente, la meteorización genera un descamado gradual de las superficies óseas, que llega a ser más importante que la generación de líneas de fractura. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos presentan utilidad potencial al momento de evaluar la presencia de elementos óseos aislados de esta especie en conjuntos arqueológicos.
La buena letra de Rafael Chirbes: el ejercicio de la memoria
Authors: Gutiérrez Blanca Mario
Published: March 2023

El cuestionamiento del relato canónico de la historia reciente de España es una de las principales características del proyecto narrativo de Rafael Chirbes. A partir de un repaso de las posiciones del autor sobre la construcción de este relato, en este trabajo se propone una lectura de La buena letra como un ejercicio de la memoria, una resistencia a la pérdida de la identidad en tiempos en que la amnesia se presentaba como un sacrificio necesario.
Por qué vienen palabras (complejas) en los diccionarios
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: March 2023

Una dificultad aparente para cualquier sistema que proponga procedimientos generativos en la formación de palabras es el hecho de que los diccionarios deben incluir muy frecuentemente algunas palabras complejas incluso cuando no tienen valores idiosincrásicos. Este artículo argumenta que el problema se disuelve cuando se atiende a dos hechos gramaticales: la selección se produce de un núcleo a su complemento y no al revés, por lo que una misma base puede en principio combinarse con varios sufijos, y el significado conceptual no se expresa mediante procedimientos generativos, por lo que este aspecto requiere ser memorizado.
Recycled biorefinery system integrating phosphoric acid/acetone pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with subsequent platform chemicals generation
Authors: Wang Qiong , Liu Shuna , He Chao , Zhuang Xinshu , Yu Qiang , Wang Wen , Qi Wei , Tan Xuesong , Yuan Zhenhong , Gao Yi
Published: March 2023

In order to minimize the waste of polysaccharides (hemicellulose and cellulose) during preparation of platform chemicals (furfural and levulinic acid) from lignocellulose in one-pot acid/organic solvent systems, a novel two-step biorefinery system was developed based on sugarcane bagasse fractionation with a phosphoric acid/acetone pretreatment method. The effect of different pretreatment conditions on sugarcane bagasse fractionation was studied at first. Under the optimal condition (5 g bagasse, 40 mL 85% phosphoric acid, 50 °C, 1 h, precooled acetone), 72.5% xylose and 74.5% glucose (the residual biomass from pretreatment) were obtained. Acetone was evaporated and removed from the acetone extract, and then the soluble lignin was precipitated and recovered through the addition of water in the extract. The water solution (containing phosphoric acid and 20.8% xylose) and washing water from residue (containing 41.7%% xylose) was combined to produce furfural at 180 °C. Meanwhile, the potential of LA generation from cellulosic residue was evaluated via glucose conversion in different phosphoric acid/acetone systems.
Changes in the quality of the northern U.S. hardwood timber resource from 2008 to 2017
Authors: Luppold William G. , Bumgardner Matthew S.
Published: March 2023

High quality North American hardwood lumber and veneer is increasingly exported and used worldwide. A large portion of the timber resource utilized in the production of these products is contained within the northern region of the eastern United States. The cubic volume of this resource has increased by 15% since 2000, with most of this increase occurring in trees greater than 43.2 cm diameter at breast height. Although the volume of high-quality timber is likely at its highest level in over 100 years, 60% of the increase in the volume between 2008 and 2017 was in sawtimber-size (27.9 cm and larger) trees of low quality. Region wide, the species group “other white oaks” had the largest increase in high-quality volume. The largest increases in low-quality volume were for the soft maple and “other red oaks” species groups. While the volume of poletimber (12.7 to 27.7 cm) growing stock decreased between 2008 and 2017, the volume of cull poletimber-size trees increased more than 50%. These trends indicate a future decline in timber quality. Research is needed to determine the cause of these declines and how they may be reversed. One question that should be examined is the role of natural mortality and damage versus human disturbance on timber quality.
An evaluation of fiber biometry and nanomechanical properties of different Eucalyptus species
Authors: Carrillo-Varela Isabel , Valenzuela Paulina , Gacitúa William , Mendonça Regis Teixeira
Published: March 2023

Wood fibers from seven Eucalyptus species were collected to investigate the relationships among species, fiber biometry, and nanomechanical properties. The results indicated significant differences in wood density, coarseness, fiber length, fiber width, and cell wall thickness among the different Eucalyptus species. The nanomechanical properties of the S2 cell wall layer also showed significant differences among the Eucalyptus species. The elasticity modulus ranged from 16 to 19 GPa, the hardness spanned 0.24 to 0.31 GPa, and the ductility ratio was between 54 and 68. Moreover, significant correlations were observed for hardness versus cell wall thickness (r = 0.87), and elasticity modulus versus crystallinity index (r = 0.80) and crystallite size (r = 0.68). Among the evaluated species, E. dunnii showed the highest elasticity modulus, highest hardness average, and the highest crystallinity index. The range of nanomechanical values indicated that Eucalyptus wood fibers are suitable for the development of new composite materials or engineering products by selecting the most adequate species for each use according to its properties.
Effects of bleaching and heat treatments on Indosasa angustata bamboo in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Quang Trung , Nguyen Thiphuong , Nguyen Ngoc
Published: March 2023

Effects of bleaching and heat treatment were investigated for Indosasa angustata bamboo grown in Vietnam. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at a concentration of 30% was used for the bleaching process. For the heat treatment, the bamboo strips were heat-treated at two different temperatures (120 °C and 140 °C) for 3 h. There was a slight increase in the lignin and hemicellulose contents of the samples treated at 100 °C for 1 h when H2O2 was used. The water absorption rate did not change much, and the treated bamboo strips became brighter after undergoing bleaching. For the heat-treated samples, the lignin content slightly increased after the samples were heated at both 120 °C and 140 °C for 3 h. Moreover, the higher heating temperature led to a lower hemicellulose content, a darker colored bamboo sample, and a lower water absorption rate for the treated bamboo strips.
Development of an air drying index for lumber
Authors: Mitchell Philip H.
Published: March 2023

Lumber is often air dried in an air drying yard prior to being placed in a dry kiln for final moisture content removal. The rate of the air drying process is dependent on local weather conditions and wood moisture content. Introduced more than 30 years ago, the Drying Index is a method to estimate the relative drying time using the difference in vapor pressures between the dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures. This paper extends its application and describes the development and use of an Air Drying Index to estimate the relative potential of a geographic location to air dry lumber based on the average monthly climate conditions for that location. The monthly Air Drying Index for 252 US locations is presented, and the annual mean for each location was used to develop an air drying map.
Communication Features of Sustainable Fashion on Instagram: Use of the Hashtag #sustainablefashion
Authors: Telyčėnaitė Austė
Published: March 2023

Scientific research indicates that perceptions of sustainable fashion are diverse and influenced by regional, cultural, and industry-specific attitudes and behaviours. Recent studies highlight the growing impact of social media on individual knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, particularly Instagram’s role in promoting sustainable fashion values and encouraging appropriate consumer behaviour. The article presents a study aimed at identifying the contexts of sustainable fashion communication on Instagram in Lithuania, highlighting the key actors of the sustainable fashion ecosystem, the subject matter of the communication and the specifics of its presentation. The study found that Instagram in Lithuania is dominated by the concept of sustainable fashion, and the majority of accounts communicating sustainable fashion are commercial entities. The study also revealed that opinion leaders are not actively involved in the communication of sustainable fashion, most accounts using the hashtag have a small number of followers, and the content they publish does not expand on the topic of sustainability, but only mentions it. The posts that do dive deeper into the topic of sustainability show a multifaceted perception of the phenomenon of sustainable fashion and the issues surrounding it, determined by the different perspectives of the actors involved in the communication.