bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Medical Image Security Using Hyperchaotic Lorenz and Josephus Traversing Encryption
Authors: Rachmawanto Eko Hari , Pramudya Elkaf Rahmawan , Pratama Zudha
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The present work focuses on developing a methodology to encrypt medical images using combined Hyperchaotic Lorenz systems with Josephus Traversing. This, therefore, forms the basis of the present paper to establish the efficacy of the proposed method against glioma, meningioma, and pituitary kinds of brain tumor images at 256 × 256 and 512 × 512 pixels image sizes.
Methods: In this regard, a state-of-the-art encryption technique based on the Hyperchaotic Lorenz systems for Josephus Traversing has been proposed against the medical images of glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumor datasets obtained from the repository via medical imaging.
Result: The different distortion of test outcomes has the MSE value lying between 69.01 and 172.1, while fidelity preservation-PSNR lies between 12.971 and 18.321 dB for different tumor types and sizes of images. The UACI is between 3.625 and 11.34, while the NPCR is always greater than 99% to show very high tamper resistance. This approach is very new in integrating chaos and traversal algorithms for encrypting medical images. Hence, it has a great promising enhancement of security and protection of patient privacy.
Novelty: This research contributes a comprehensive investigation based on different metrics that allows exploring not only the efficiency but also strength against decryption techniques for a proposed encryption method. More investigations could be done for further research work in order to enhance the encryption speed, which would improve robustness against advanced decryption techniques in medical image security for digital health applications.
Conecta2: An Android App for Communication between Disaster Survivors through an ad hoc Network
Authors: Salamanca María del Pilar , Cables Elio H. , Ramírez Juan Camilo
Published: February 2025

Natural and man-made disasters often render network infrastructure inoperative, severely hampering communication between rescue workers and survivors. While smartphone-based ad hoc networks are frequently proposed as a solution, the implementation of mobile applications optimized for disaster scenarios remains a challenge. This study aims to address this gap by developing Conecta2, a prototype Android application for communication in post-disaster situations. The application establishes an ad hoc network using Wi-Fi Direct or Bluetooth in order to enable communication between nearby smartphones without relying on regular network infrastructure. Conecta2 allows users to transmit text, photos, and audio, as well as to estimate the location of nearby devices running the same software. Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the application in simulated disaster scenarios. Results demonstrate that Conecta2 effectively facilitates communication between smartphones in situations analogous to disaster aftermath. The ability of the application to locate survivors via their smartphones also aids search and rescue efforts. In conclusion, Conecta2 offers a viable communication alternative for post-disaster scenarios, potentially improving the effectiveness of disaster response and survivor location efforts.
Diversity of parasitoids (Hymenoptera) associated with tephritids (Diptera) parasitising cucurbits in two agroecological zones of Cameroon, Central Africa
Authors: Mokam Didi Gaelle , Djiéto-Lordon Champlain , NGAMO TINKEU LEONARD SIMON , Rousse Pascal , Delvare Gérard , Bilong Bilong Charles Félix
Published: February 2025

Many parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) parasitise tephritids (Diptera), but little is known about the influence of host plants on this parasitism in sub-Saharan Africa. From June 2008 to January 2011, a study was conducted at three localities in two agroecological zones of Cameroon (Central Africa): Ngoa-Ekelé and Olembé (Southern Plateau) and Koutaba (Western Highlands), to assess the guild of parasitoids and their parasitism on tephritids attacking cucurbits. Data were collected on 3 249 fruits attacked of nine cucurbit species, from which were identified: 45 575 tephritids belonging to four species (Dacus bivittatus, D. ciliatus, D. punctatifrons, and D. vertebratus) and 3 330 parasitoids belonging to four families and 11 species of Hymenoptera. Most of the parasitoids collected were solitary koinobionts (mainly Braconidae - Opiinae (> 50%) and Eulophidae). The parasitism rate varied significantly between the localities (p < 0.001), with the lowest value obtained in Koutaba (4.98 ± 0.68%) and Ngoa-Ekelé (9.68 ± 0.54%), areas characterised by high agricultural activity and urbanisation respectively, and the highest in Olembé (23.93 ± 1.80%), a more natural area. Psyttalia perproxima and Tetrastichus dacicida were numerically abundant in all three localities, followed by Fopius spp. and Phaenocarpa sp. in Olembé. Regardless of the study localities, D. bivittatus and D. ciliatus were dominant and were parasitised by most of the parasitoids. Species richness and parasitism rates were higher on Cucurbita moschata fruits, while no parasitoid emerged from Sechium edule fruits. From a biological control perspective, the tephritid-parasitoid association was species-rich and included many potential tephritid biological control agents.
Kit IA Polos Creativos: Adaptation of Tools for the Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pardo-Rodríguez Jerónimo , Rivadulla Brey Jorge , Fontenla-Romero Óscar , Bellas Francisco
Published: February 2025

Kit IA Polos Creativos focuses on the adaptation and translation of educational platforms to bring activities related to artificial intelligence and machine learning closer to the educational community. For the basic primary education level, work was done on the "Artificial Intelligence for Oceans" lesson from Code.org, where students train an AI to differentiate between fish and marine debris. On the other hand, for more advanced levels, the "Tiny Sorter" project was adapted, which combines Arduino and Teachable Machine to teach machine learning and computer vision concepts in a practical way. Both platforms were adjusted for implementation in educational environments of the Xunta de Galicia.
Freudowska teoria marzeń sennych w dziele Artura Schnitzlera Traumnovelle
Authors: Janowska Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

Interpreting dreams was an important aspect of Sigmund Freud’s life. In his statements and works, he repeated multiple times that a dream is the fulfilment of a wish. Dream analysis had a huge impact on his subsequent research, including psychoanalysis and the theory of the subconscious. Through his work he contributed to people starting to analyze their dreams, and they continue to do so to this day. However, the difficulty in analyzing the dreams was their transience and length. This meant that remembering them was often problematic. Freudian psychoanalysis and the interpretation of dreams were frequent motifs in Artur Schnitzler’s work. One of them is Traumnovelle, or Eyes Wide Shut. The aim of the article is to show how Freudian psychoanalysis is presented in the work of the Austrian writer and why the symbolism of dreams and its meaning are so important in the context of the discussed work.
The Influence of Soil Bearing Capacity on The Application of Agricultural Machinery in Kulon Progo
Authors: Nugroho Eko Fajar , Liyantono Liyantono , Setiawan Radite Praeko Agus
Published: February 2025

A critical factor in the enhancement of agricultural productivity is the utilization of agricultural tools and machinery. The challenges posed by reduced labor, narrow rice fields, and deep surface soil layers create significant difficulties for such equipment. Soil penetration resistance refers to the capacity of soil to resist the loads applied to it. The pressure exerted on the soil by agricultural machinery and tools hinders their effective functioning. The present study has been designed to determine the influence of soil evaporation resistance value on the type of agricultural machinery that can be applied. The measurement of soil carrying capacity value is measured in 3 land categories. The analysis was carried out by comparing the value of soil penetration resistance with the tractor's trafficability index. This research was conducted from February to July 2024, and the measured penetration resistance in the sample land was found to be in the range of 0.55–0.90 at a depth of 10 cm and 0.82–1.14 at a depth of 15 cm. A comparison of the penetration resistance values with the trafficability index, which delineates the operational parameters for agricultural machinery, revealed that four-wheel tractors and combine harvesters would be unable to operate on the sample land. The application of these machines would result in subsidence levels of more than 15 cm for category 1 and 2 and more than 20 cm for category 3.
Effect of Pulsed-Spray Time Variations with Water Coolant in Cooling Media on Solar Panel Efficiency and Temperature
Authors: Ansyah Pathur Razi , Cahyono Gunawan Rudi , Budianto Akhmad Ghiffary Budianto , Amrullah Apip , Farobie Obie , Jamalulail Nanda , Lukmana Wahyu
Published: February 2025

Solar panel technology enables the conversion of sunlight into electrical energy. However, some problems can arise with the performance of solar panels, for example, increasing the temperature of the solar panels beyond their working limits. Increasing temperatures will reduce the performance of solar panels. So, it is essential to maintain the temperature of the solar panels so that their performance remains optimal. This research was conducted to determine the effect of delayed timing of the back and front surfaces of spray cooling on average temperature, output power, and solar panel energy optimization. This experimental test can reduce the temperature of solar panels at a spray delay time of 10 minutes to 58.95°C, at a spray delay time of 20 minutes to 70.78°C, and at a spray delay time of 30 minutes to 78.63 °C. The cooling method is carried out for 1 minute with varying spray delay times of 10, 20, and 30 min. Through this test, the total energy value is also obtained. Suppose the spray delay time is 10, 20 and 30 min, respectively, 5.60 x 10-3 kWh (20150.78 Joules), 5.27 x 10-3 kWh (1897.,11 Joules) and 5.11 x 10-3 kWh (18383.68 Joules). The conclusion from the research that has been carried out is that the most optimal delay time is a delay time of 10 minutes with an average temperature of 58.95°C, and the best energy optimization is with a total energy of 20150.78 Joules or 5.27 x 10-3 kWh.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD) IN STUDENTS
Authors: Siregar Santy Deasy , Hulu Victor Trismanjaya , Lase Dian Veronika
Published: February 2025

Background: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) cannot be left without action because it can  cause severe stomach irritation in the long term, leading to stomach ulcers and infection. Purpose: This study aims to analyze factors related to the incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in students. Methods: This type of research in analytical survey research. The design of this research is case control. The population in this study were students of Universitas Prima Indonesia, class of 2021, in the public health study program and the information systems study program, totaling 1,473 students. The sample in this stufy was a portion of the student population which was divided into case and control groups. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-square test to determine the description and relationship of risk factors with the incidence of GERD. Results: The result showed that the eating habits variable (p = 0,000; OR = 19,12; 95% CI = 6,376-57,369), coffee consumption variable (p = 0,001; OR = 4,93; 95% CI = 1,986-12,262), stress level variable (p = 0,001; OR = 4,52; 95% CI = 1,952-10,508), and body mass index variable (p = 0,000; OR = 5,63; 95% CI = 2,362-13,420) has a significant relationship with the incidence of GERD in students. Conclusion: reducing the consumption of ready-to-eat food and reducing the lifestyle of modern society which consumes excessive coffee and doing positive things to maintain stress levels are very important things to increase public awareness in order to minimize the risk of GERD.
Microplastic Contamination in Well Water in Coastal Area of Jember Regency: Study of Characteristics, Abundance and Potential Causal Factors
Authors: Arwikana Amanda Agustine , Ma’rufi Isa , Nurika Globila
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Sand-textured soil such as coastal makes it easier for microplastics to migrate over longer distances. Kalimalang Hamlet, a coastal area, has a sandy soil texture and most of its people consume untreated dug well water. This condition if it occurs in the long term can cause health problems, such as oxidative stress, metabolic changes, immune dysfunction, and cancer. This study is aimed at analyzing the content, abundance, and causative factors of microplastics in the well water of the community of Kalimalang Hamlet. Methods: This study is a quantitative-research with a descriptive method. Thirty samples of people who consumed water were selected by accidental sampling. Ten wells location was determined using cluster random sampling followed by proportional random sampling. Data analysis used was univariate with crosstab. Results and Discussion: The results showed that 10 dug wells were polluted with microplastics with a total of 188 particles with a size of 0.13-7.24 mm and identified forms of fibers, fragments, filaments. It is estimated that there are 235 microplastic particles per day consumed by the community through dug well water. Well depth, floor, sewerage, and distance from the waste management site have the potential to increase the abundance of microplastics. Conclusion: The distance of the dug well from the sea was not a major factor. This shows the need to implement plastic waste management such as 3R, boiling, and multistage filtration in the dug well water that will be consumed.
Meta Analysis: Risk Factor Analysis of Dengue Disease Incidence in Indonesia
Authors: Keman Soedjajadi , Azizah R , Hamzah Firdaus Mohamad
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Dengue fever is endemic in over 100 countries, Africa, America, and several other European countries. Indonesia became the top of the list a few years ago. The study aimed to analyze risk factors (hanging clothes, water reservoir conditions, and jumantik cadres) with the incidence of DHF. Methods: This is quantitative research with meta-analysis. Meta-analysis has four stages: data abstraction, data analysis using JASP Version 0.18.3, and publication bias test. Conduct heterogeneity tests, funnel plots, egger tests, and forest plots. Results and Discussion: The heterogeneity test of hanging clothes and water reservoirs using a random effects model because p-value smaller than 0.05. Jumantik cadre using the fixed effects model is larger than p < 0.001 i.e. p = 0.303. The forest plot of hanging clothes has pooled value PR=e0.26 = 1.297 (95% CI -0.05-0.57), pooled water reservoir value PR= e0.55 = 1.73 (95% CI 0.30 - 0.79), and jumantik cadre pooled value OR= e0.70= 2.01 (95% CI 0.24 - 1.33). The highest risk factor for dengue cases is jumantik cadres with the pooled value obtained PR = e0.70 = 2.01 (95% CI 0.24 – 1.33). Conclusion: Based on the results of the meta-analysis in this study, jumantik cadres has the greatest risk factor value compared to other variables. The second highest risk factor was in water reservoirs, followed by the next variable hanging clothes.
Price Mechamisms of Digital Economy: Divide Et Impera
Authors: Rozanova N.
Published: February 2025

The article analyses digital pricing strategies of the companies in the XXIst century. The detailed investigation of contemporary empirical research papers has shown that digital economy allows companies to use innovative tools in order to control consumers’ behaviour. But these new pricing instruments act as a double-edged sword. A great variety of goods and services with personalised price offers could attract additional demand and result in additional revenues. However, the innovative pricing schemes activate perceived price perceptions of the consumers. Experiments have demonstrated that if price levels, price differentiations or price dynamics are considered unfair, price scenarios have a negative impact on the clients’ loyalty and lead to a decrease in demand. A wide range of prices help companies elaborate obfuscation strategies, with low initial prices and increased additional fees being secretly included into the product bundle. Pricing and revenue optimization is based on widespread usage of AI and sophisticated technological advances that could manipulate consumers’ inattentiveness and carelessness. Although digital technologies and machine-learning could make possible detailed personalized prices on the basis of first-degree price discrimination, the real business models demonstrate prevalence of unitary prices. One reason is that nonlinear pricing with a complex double flat-rate and nonrecurring rate pricing plan still require additional IT expenditures. The other reason lies in competition area. The unitary pricing makes it easier to develop product differentiation that diminishes firms’ rivalry and as a result, escalate market prices. The innovative pricing formats, including price parity clauses, online recommendations systems, per-click fees, referral and registration fees, along with many others, contain anticompetitive potential. That is why they are under thorough monitoring of antitrust authorities all over the world.
Cooperation of China and Central Asia in Renewable Energy
Authors: Zhai X. , Juman J. , Du B.
Published: February 2025

Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan) are rich in renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower, but the differences in economic development among the five countries have led to uneven development of renewable energy projects. Energy transition, carbon neutrality targets, and geopolitical conflicts make renewable energy development in Central Asian countries full of challenges. Policies to provide tariff reductions, simplify procedures and strengthen international cooperation for renewable energy projects are specified in the legislation on the use of renewable energy. China is the fastest growing country in the field of renewable energy technologies and one of the major investors in the Central Asian renewable energy market. Under the guidance of the One Belt and One Road Initiative, China and Central Asia have launched multi-level and all-round cooperation in the renewable energy sector. China has advanced technology and relatively strong capital, while the advantage of Central Asia lies in its great potential for developing renewable energy (hydro, wind and solar). The two sides carry out renewable energy cooperation, which is complementary to a certain extent, and can achieve mutual benefits and meet the economic development interests of both parties. In recent years, energy cooperation between China and the Central Asian countries within the framework of the One Belt and One Road Initiative has achieved many positive results. Their cooperation had geopolitical, technological and economic advantages, and the One Belt and One Road Initiative provided the Central Asian countries with more opportunities for sustainable development. This study concludes that China and Central Asia are actively promoting renewable energy cooperation under the One Belt and One Road Initiative to expand investment and reduce risks.
Scalable route to N-trifluoromethyl amides via radical trifluoromethylamination
Authors: Wang Mang , Zhang Ru , Liu Yang , Xu Cong
Published: February 2025

N-CF3 amides are promising targets for medicinal and agrochemistry. However, they have not yet been practically applied because of the limitations of their synthetic method. Traditional amidation can not be utilized to prepare N-CF3 amides due to the unavailability of corresponding N-CF3 amines. The development of effective alternative route has become a research focus in this field. We describe here a conceptually novel trifluoromethylamination method, in which the reactivity of trifluoromethylamidyl radicals derived from N-(N-CF3 imidoyloxy) pyridinium salts can be harnessed for the rapid construction of diverse N-CF3 amides. Such stable imidoyloxy pyridinium salts are conveniently prepared by the imidoylation of pyridine-N-oxide with the in situ formed N-CF3 nitrilium ions. The ensuing pyridinium fragmentation under photoredox catalysis liberates trifluoromethylimidoyloxy radical, which can efficiently participate in the trifluoromethylaminations of (hetero)arenes, alkenes and functionalized alkenes, alkynes, silylenol ethers, and isocyanides in the form of trifluoromethylamidyl radical through imidoyloxy-amidyl resonance. Density functional theory calculations indicate that although initial charge distribution and spin density of key radical intermediates in the optimized structure are not conducive to the reaction at the N-site, the trifluoromethylamidyl radical can be dynamically activated when approaching the reactant, thereby selectively serves as an effective radical aminating reagent for subsequent C-N coupling reactions. The tolerance of the reaction to steric and electronic factors has allowed for the synthesis of the most diverse set of N-CF3 amides and their cyclic derivatives.
Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Dynamics and Urban Growth Patterns Using Geospatial Technology: A Study of Sylhet Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh
Authors: Ahad Md. Iftaul , Akter Syeda Ayshia , Uddin Muhammad Jasim
Published: February 2025

Urban growth in developing nations, such as Bangladesh, is frequently rapid and unplanned due to inadequate Land Use Land Cover (LULC) management. This study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of LULC changes and urban growth patterns in Sylhet Sadar Upazila, a rapidly urbanizing area in northeastern Bangladesh, from 1989 to 2019. Using Landsat satellite imagery and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with remote sensing technologies, LULC classifications were performed via the supervised maximum likelihood algorithm. Shannon entropy analysis was applied to assess urban sprawl patterns. The results reveal significant transformations in the study area: built-up areas increased by 8.44%, while water bodies and vegetation declined by 7.8% and 18.7%, respectively. Arable land grew by 17.10%, reflecting agricultural expansion, and barren land saw a 0.99% rise. The most intense urbanization occurred between 2009 and 2019, where vegetation decreased by 10% and built-up areas surged by 4.46%. Urban growth expanded tenfold from Sylhet City Corporation (SCC)'s Central Business District (CBD) and demonstrated a scattered pattern across the first two buffer zones. The entropy values, consistently above 0.5, indicate increasingly dispersed urban expansion, with the highest entropy (0.81) observed in the Khadimnagar union. These trends pose challenges for sustainable urban management, including inefficient infrastructure use and environmental degradation. The study emphasizes the need for integrated land management strategies and compact urban growth to balance development with environmental sustainability. The findings provide crucial insights for urban planners and policymakers in rapidly developing regions facing similar urbanization pressures.
Observation of quantized vortex in atomic Bose-Einstein condensate at Dirac point
Authors: zhang Jing , Li Yunda , Han Wei , Meng Zengming , Yang Wenxin , Chin Cheng
Published: February 2025

When two or more energy bands become degenerate at a singular point in the momentum space, such singularity, or ``Dirac points", gives rise to intriguing quantum phenomena as well as unusual material properties. Systems at the Dirac points can possess topological charges and their unique properties can be probed by various methods, such as transport measurement, interferometry and momentum spectroscopy. While the topology of Dirac point in the momentum space is well studied theoretically, observation of topological defects in a many-body quantum systems at Dirac point remain an elusive goal. Based on atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in a graphene-like optical honeycomb lattice, we directly observe emergence of quantized vortices at the Dirac point. The phase diagram of lattice bosons at the Dirac point is revealed. Our work provides a new way of generating vortices in a quantum gas, and the method is generic and can be applied to different types of optical lattices with topological singularity, especially topological flat band near Dirac point for twisted bilayer optical lattices.
New Autoinducing Peptides Regulate Antibiotic Production for Sculpting Microbiome
Authors: Li Yong-Xin , Chen Nanzhu , Cai Peiyan , Lin Xiaoqian , Song Zhi-Man , He Jiaze , Li Zewen , Li Zhuohan , Zhang Dengwei , Song Yi
Published: February 2025

Microbes recruit signaling molecules to regulate multiple physiological processes and mediate chemical interactions with a diverse community of microbes in habitats. Decoding these chemical languages is instrumental in comprehending microbial regulatory mechanisms within complex microbiota. Here, we discover a novel class of autoinducing peptides (AIPs) derived from the plant-probiotic bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa, identified as Pp-AIPs. Omics analyses coupled with genetic manipulations revealed that Pp-AIP1 could effectively modulate the production of multiple antimicrobial secondary metabolites at nanomolar concentration, a finding that broadens our understanding of antimicrobial regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, through inoculating Paenibacillus in the natural rhizosphere microbiome and validating its antagonistic interactions against root microbes, we confirmed that Paenibacillus employs Pp-AIPs to shape the root microbiome through antimicrobial regulation. Our global analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) further revealed that many unexplored AIPs co-occur with and likely regulate a variety of secondary metabolites. This study significantly underscores the unreported roles of autoinducing peptides in regulating antibiotic production and microbiome sculpting, enhancing our understanding of microbial interaction mechanisms within complex microbiota.
A method based LMD-SVD-CFS algorithm for roller bearings performance degradation assessment
Authors: Zhou ShengWen , Zhang Li , Yang Xiaoming , Xu Fan , Du BaiGang , Luo RuiPing
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces an approach to evaluating the performance degradation of roller bearings using the LMD-SVD-CFS algorithm. Firstly, the original vibration signals are processed using the LMD technique to obtain some production function components (PFs). Following this, the top two PFs are selected based on their correlation coefficient and calculated by singular-value decomposition (SVD). Secondly, SV1 and SV2, the top two selected singular values (SVs), are utilized as the input parameters for the fast CFS. Finally, based on the differences between the sample features and the predefined clustering centers, a confidence value (CV) is calculated, which serves as a measure of the bearing performance state. The results of the experiment show that the proposed method outperforms the above time-domain indicators and clustering methods in detecting the early-stage degradation more precisely, without the need for presetting the number of clusters.
Comprehensive Rehabilitation Approach for Post-Cesarean Pain and Kinesiophobia: A Case Report
Authors: Khandelwal Tanisha , Subhedar Mansi , Zade Amisha
Published: February 2025

This case report examines the postoperative management of a 19-year-old female who underwent a Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) for her first child. Postoperatively, the patient experienced significant pain, which was addressed through a multidisciplinary approach involving pharmacological treatment, targeted physiotherapy, and neuroscience education. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) was used to evaluate the patient's fear of movement, which was identified as a key factor influencing her pain experience. Neuroscience education was incorporated to enhance her understanding of pain mechanisms and promote effective self-management strategies. These interventions collectively improved her quality of life, reducing pain levels and aiding in functional recovery. The case highlights the effectiveness of combining pain management strategies with educational support to optimize outcomes in postoperative LSCS care.
Unveiling the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Centella Asiatica Extract Delivered via pEG Nanoparticles in TNF-α-Induced Cognitive Decline: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Nathania Nathania , Putra Marson , Willyono Agoes , Rinaldi Fransiskus Xaverius , Fauzi Asra Al
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Cognitive decline in the elderly is a pressing global health concern, affecting 65.6 million individuals worldwide and significantly diminishing quality of life. Elevated inflammatory markers, particularly Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), are strongly associated with neuronal damage and cognitive deterioration. Emerging evidence highlights the neuroprotective potential of natural compounds, such as those in Centella asiatica extract, known for its pharmaceutical benefits in addressing neurodegenerative diseases.
Aim
The research aims to evaluate the formulation’s impact on TNF-α expression and cognitive performance, focusing on its neuroprotective properties. By exploring this novel approach, the study seeks to contribute valuable insights into managing age-related cognitive decline, emphasizing TNF-α regulation as a potential therapeutic target.
Results and Discussion
The GC-MS analysis identified active compounds in Centella asiatica extract, including tryptamine (1.79%), γ-sitosterol, and β-sitosterol (each 7.22%), essential for cognitive improvement. These findings confirm the presence of neuroprotective agents prior to synthesis with PEG-400. On PSA, the 1:100 extract-to-PEG-400 ratio produced ideal nanoparticles (20–25 nm) optimal for blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Smaller nanoparticles in this range demonstrate effective therapeutic delivery, minimizing immune clearance and degradation. T-maze tests revealed significant cognitive improvements in the 1:1 and 1:100 groups, with the latter showing the most consistent results. Flow cytometry indicated a dose-dependent reduction in TNF-α expression, with the 1:100 group achieving the greatest decrease (54.59%) compared to the control (74.65%).
Conclusion
The 1:100 (Centella:pEG) formulation demonstrated superior stability, bioavailability, and efficacy due to optimized nanoparticle size and consistent compound delivery, supporting Centella asiatica encapsulation as a promising neurotherapeutic strategy.
Soil Moisture Retrieval with High Spatial-temporal Resolution by Fusion of CYGNSS and SAR Data
Authors: Chang Xin , Wang Qi , Sun Jiaojiao , Tan Zuozhu , Li Dawei , Yu Kegen
Published: February 2025

As the probability and intensity of global drought events continue to increase, soil moisture is an important basis for drought monitoring and drought assessment, and the need to accurately obtain soil moisture distribution information with high spatial-temporal resolution is becoming extremely important. CYGNSS data based on spaceborne GNSS-R has the advantage of high temporal resolution, while SAR data can provide information on surface features with high spatial resolution, and the combination of the two provides favourable conditions for obtaining soil moisture with high spatial-temporal resolution. This paper proposes a soil moisture retrieval method with high spatial-temporal resolution by the fusion of spaceborne GNSS-R (CYGNSS) and SAR (Sentinel-1) data. This method constructs a function relationship between surface reflectivity of spaceborne GNSS-R and backscattering coefficient of SAR, with the aim of preparing for fusion of CYGNSS and Sentinel-1. By fusing sentinel-1 data, a two-layer machine learning framework based on CYGNSS data is constructed to retrieve the soil moisture with high spatial-temporal resolution, and the retrieval results are compared with the measured data and soil moisture products of SMAP. The results indicate that, the surface reflectivity of spaceborne GNSS-R shows an approximate linear relationship with the backscattering coefficient of SAR. The constructed first-layer framework is able to supplement CYGNSS surface reflectivity data, and verifies the feasibility of converting backscattering coefficients of SAR to the CYGNSS surface reflectivity. The soil moisture retrieval by the two-layer framework method in this paper is comparable to the soil moisture product of SMAP in terms of retrieval accuracy (average ubRMSE = 0.070cm3/cm3, average R = 0.65) at the same spatial resolution (3 km), and the temporal resolution is improved by 3.9 times on average, which confirms the feasibility of soil moisture retrieval by CYGNSS at 3 km spatial resolution.
Investigation of the Sonographic Association Between Body Mass Index and Anterior Abdominal Wall Hernias: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ali Babar , Umar Muhammad , Ali Rashad , Aslam Aqsa , Shafiq Tayyaba , Fatima Laraib , Riaz Eisha , Kafi Amtul , Nawab Javeria
Published: February 2025

Background and Aim: Abdominal wall hernias are a common abdominal condition that affect about 4–5% of people worldwide. They are among the most frequent causes of urgent surgery for individuals older than 50. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between BMI, a commonly used body composition measure, and sonographic evidence of anterior abdominal wall hernias. The purpose of this study was to find out the sonographic association of anterior abdominal wall hernias with body mass index (BMI).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Radiology at Chughtai Medical Centre (Johar Town), Lahore, Pakistan. The study sample was two hundred patients of various age groups. The inclusion criteria for data collection was patients coming into the hospital for abdominal ultrasonography with or without the symptoms of hernia. The collection of data was done through a questionnaire while the analysis was done using SPSS version 25.
Results: Among the 200 patients, 24 (12%) were identified with anterior abdominal wall hernias. The most common type of hernia was para-umbilical (13 cases, 6.5%), followed by umbilical (6 cases, 3%). Among the 135 females, 19 (14.07%) had hernias, compared to only 5 (7.69%) of the 65 males. Although females had a higher frequency of hernias, the relationship between gender and hernia occurrence was not statistically significant (p = 0.1944). Similarly, the obese group had more hernias (11 cases, 9.32%) than the non-obese group (13 cases, 6.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.6087). Advanced age was a significant risk factor, with the highest prevalence seen in patients aged 40 to 65.
Conclusion: The study concludes that elevated BMI and advanced age are significant risk factors associated with an increased incidence of anterior abdominal wall hernias. These findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions, such as weight management and regular monitoring for high-risk populations, to mitigate the occurrence and severity of hernias. Additionally, the study emphasizes the value of sonographic evaluations in identifying hernia types and guiding clinical decisions, especially in populations with high BMI.
miR-584-5p Regulates MSMO1 to Modulate the AKT/PI3K Pathway and Inhibit Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Jie , He Lili , Tian Mi , Xu Yingying , Peng Bing
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of tumor progression,
making their role in breast cancer an important area of investigation.

Method:

This study examined the regulation of MSMO1 by miR-584-5p in breast cancer cells. Using
bioinformatics and Western blotting, we confirmed MSMO1 expression in breast cancer cells
and evaluated its effects on cell migration, invasion, and the AKT signaling pathway. In vivo experiments
further supported these findings. The interaction between miR-584-5p and MSMO1
was validated through luciferase reporter assays, while functional studies highlighted the impact
of miR-584-5p on cancer progression.

objective:

study sought to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of miR-584-5p-mediated regulation of MSMO1 in breast cancer

Result:

Our findings revealed that MSMO1 is upregulated in breast cancer, enhancing cell migration
and invasion. Silencing MSMO1 diminished AKT pathway activity, and luciferase assays confirmed
MSMO1 as a direct target of miR-584-5p.

Conclusion:

Overexpression of miR-584-5p suppressed migration and invasion of breast cancer
cells. In summary, miR-584-5p is likely to modulate MSMO1 and subsequently regulate the AKT/
PI3K pathway, presenting a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
The Role of Red Blood Cells in Cholesterol Accumulation and Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability: A Perspective on Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mohebbati Reza , Moghaddam Mohammad amin Momeni
Published: February 2025

Atherosclerosis stands as the primary cause of CVD, characterized by the accumulation
of cholesterol deposits within macrophages in medium and large arteries. This deposition
promotes the proliferation of specific cell types within the arterial wall, gradually narrowing the
vessel lumen and impeding blood flow. Intra-plaque hemorrhages are recognized as critical
events in atherosclerotic plaques, leading to the deposition of red blood cells (RBCs) and the release
of hemoglobin (Hb). Approximately 40% of high-risk plaques exhibit intra-plaque hemorrhage.
Recent studies have demonstrated that intra-plaque hemorrhage is closely linked to plaque
progression and increased vulnerability, establishing it as a critical factor in the development of
acute clinical symptoms associated with atherosclerosis. The presence of RBC membranes within
atherosclerotic plaques contributes significantly to lipid accumulation, indicating a pivotal role
in plaque instability. Upon RBC degradation, cholesterol from both the membrane and its interior
can profoundly impact atherosclerotic plaque development. Considering that red blood cells
(RBCs) can contribute to the excretion of cholesterol through the hepatobiliary system alongside
HDL, and given that elevated cholesterol levels are a risk factor for the development and progression
of atherosclerotic plaques, RBCs may play a protective role in cardiovascular health.
However, when bleeding occurs within a plaque, RBCs that are trapped in the plaque environment,
an environment rich in oxidant compounds, can rupture. The cholesterol released from
these ruptured RBCs can significantly promote inflammatory reactions. This study aims to explore
the inconsistent role of RBCs and their cholesterol content in the progression of atherosclerotic
plaques.
Recent Trends in Physical Therapy Interventions and Neuromodulation Techniques to Improve Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Nath Patralika , Roy Barnana , Panigrahi Soumya Saswati , Islam Kamirul , Basak Asim Kumar
Published: February 2025

Promoting neuroplasticity for better recovery and function restoration has lately become
the focus of rehabilitation techniques for individuals with neurologic disorders. A rapidly expanding
medical specialty, neuromodulation includes a broad variety of methods for activating particular
neurological pathways, such as Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Transcranial direct current
stimulation (tDCS), peripheral nerve stimulation, and SCS, among many others. Research on
the use of neuromodulation in the context of spinal cord injury (SCI) is limited, in contrast to the
abundance of literature on its potential benefits in chronic pain treatment. Combining exercise with
non-invasive neuromodulation improves recovery outcomes for some patient groups, according to
our research. While we mostly focus on the motor components of recovery, we do briefly mention
the non-motor effects of these disorders. The difficulties of applying ideas in clinical practice and
the gaps in the existing research are also brought to light. In order to better customize the individual
neuroplastic responses associated with each disease, we identify research gaps and propose routes
for future investigations. This review is useful for rehabilitation professionals and researchers since
it focuses on neuroplastic exercise treatments for specific illnesses and diagnoses. Few studies have
used long-term randomized-controlled trials, even though these approaches have great promise for
enhancing overall functionality and impairment levels. If these novel modalities may be therapeutically
employed to reduce pain, restore function, and improve the quality of life for individuals impacted,
then more study is required to support them.
Biocatalysis in Bioorthogonal Reactions: Use of Hydrolases and
Transferases for Selective Modifications
Authors: Majumder Abir B. , Kamsali Murali Mohan Achari , Varala Ravi , Ansari Siddique Akber
Published: February 2025

Bioorthogonal chemistry explores a set of technologies to incorporate non-native functional
groups into biological systems to understand the mechanism of biological processes in living
organisms. Among the conjugation strategies available on the bench, the use of biocatalysis as part
of bioorthogonal conjugation has been found to be one smart tool to achieve chemoselective functional
group installation. The process designing utilizes high substrate specificity of biocatalyst,
resulting in a targeted addition of a reactive non-native functional group to a native biomolecule
followed by tagging with a suitably detectable moiety and thereby monitoring the salient biological
processes involving the conjugated assembly. The present study tries to briefly address the synthetic
strategies with mechanistic elaboration involving various transferases with different suitable
models and the underlying reactions involved in bioorthogonal processes.
Synthesis of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/CuO/Direct Blue 71 Nanocomposite: Characterization and Application in Uric Acid Sensing
Authors: Natarajan S.Karthik , Sridharan Gokul , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Sundramoorthy Ashok K.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Uric acid is a key biomarker for diagnosing conditions, such as gout and
kidney disorders, highlighting the need for precise and efficient detection methods. Nanomaterialbased
biosensors, particularly those utilizing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), copper
oxide (CuO), and direct blue 71 (DB), offer notable advantages due to their exceptional sensitivity
and selectivity.

Objective:

This study aims to design and evaluate an advanced electrochemical sensor for uric acid
detection, employing an MWCNTs/CuO/DB nanocomposite. By optimizing the component ratios,
the nanocomposite leverages synergistic interactions to achieve a superior performance.

Methods:

The MWCNTs/CuO/DB nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized using Field
Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX),
and elemental mapping to confirm its structural integrity and composition. Cyclic Voltammetry was
employed to assess the electrocatalytic behavior of the nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode
(GCE). The sensor demonstrated a linear response to uric acid concentrations ranging from
100 to 1000 μM, with excellent electrocatalytic activity.

Results:

Material characterization revealed a uniform and well-dispersed structure of the MWCNTs,
CuO nanoparticles, and DB within the nanocomposite. Electrochemical analyses showed a concentration-
dependent response to uric acid, underscoring the sensitivity and reliability of the sensor for
biosensing applications.

Conclusion:

The MWCNTs/CuO/DB nanocomposite represents a highly promising electrochemical
platform for uric acid detection, combining an intricate structure, precise elemental composition,
and remarkable electrochemical performance. These findings highlight the potential of integrating
advanced nanomaterials into biosensing systems for clinical diagnostics and broader applications in
nanotechnology.
ВЫСОКОЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬ МАГНИТНОГО ПОЛЯ НА ОСНОВЕ СПИН-ТУННЕЛЬНЫХ МАГНИТОРЕЗИСТИВНЫХ НАНОСТРУКТУР С СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИМ АНТИФЕРРОМАГНЕТИКОМ
Authors: Васильев Д.В. , Сауров А.Н. , Амеличев В.В.
Published: February 2025

Представлены результаты исследования макетов преобразователей магнитного поля (ПМП) на основе спин-туннельных магниторезистивных наноструктур (СТМР) с синтетическим антиферромагнетиком (САФ). Абсолютная чувствительность к магнитному полю у исследованных макетов ПМП-САФ составила 217 мВ/Э в диапазоне магнитного поля ±5 Э (±0,5 мТл) при напряжении питания 5 В.
Efeitos de intervenções de mindfulness nas funções executivas de adultos: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva Lemos Iana , Menezes de Sousa Júnior Geovan , De Lima Araújo Geissy Lainny , Moreira Júnnia Maria , Brys Ivani
Published: February 2025

Funções executivas são processos cognitivos que permitem com que se possa lidar com obstáculos inesperados, ver a mesma situação por diferentes perspectivas, se concentrar em uma atividade e resistir a impulsos. Intervenções de mindfulness podem melhorar as funções executivas porque treinam de forma direta essas funções ao mesmo tempo em que reduzem fatores que as prejudicam. Para melhor compreensão destes efeitos, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de ensaios controlados randomizados, publicados nos últimos 5 anos, sobre efeitos de intervenções de mindfulness nas funções executivas de adultos, com idades entre 18 e 60 anos. Foram encontrados 1304 artigos, após remoção das duplicatas e leitura de título e resumo, restaram 32 artigos. Após leitura completa desses artigos e análise de risco de viés, 6 artigos foram incluídos no estudo. Em todos os estudos incluídos na revisão foram encontrados efeitos positivos sobre diferentes funções executivas, como atenção, controle cognitivo e flexibilidade psicológica, advindos da participação desses tipos de intervenções, sendo que em quatro destes estudos, os efeitos foram maiores que os observados no grupo controle. Intervenções baseadas em mindfulness demonstram potencial para a melhora de funções executivas de controle inibitório, memória de trabalho e flexibilidade cognitiva tanto para populações clínicas como não-clínicas.