bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of metastatic tumours to orbit over the last twenty years in a tertiary care eye hospital-A retrospective study
Authors: Tahir Faizan , Tayyab Afghani  , Saadullah Ahmad  , Amna Manzoor  , Fariha Taimur  , Sumeya Ali Khan  , Muhammad Saad
Published: January 2025

Objective: To assess the type and presentation patterns of tumours metastasising to orbit.
Method: The retrospective study was conducted at the Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised data of all patients with orbital metastatic lesions over a 20-year period, from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2023. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: Of the 30 patients, 17(56.7%) were males and 13(43.3%) were females. The highest incidence of orbital metastatic disease was among those aged <10 years 9(30%) and >60 years 11(36.7%). Roof was the commonest site of involvement within the orbit 13(43.3%). Proptosis was the main feature at presentation. Diagnosis was made clinically in 14(46.7%) patients and histologically in 16(53.3%). All the 30(100%) cases were referred to the oncology service for further management. Of them, 2(6.7%) patients were lost to follow-up, 20(66.7%) died within one year of diagnosis, and 8 (26.6%) patients were still under treatment.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of orbital metastasis should always be considered for orbital lesions in all age groups, especially in patients with a known cancer elsewhere. Orbital metastasis usually becomes evident at an advanced stage of underlying malignancy, leading to a high mortality rate.
Key Words: Orbital metastasis, Orbital tumours, Orbital malignancies.
Preoperative risk assessment scores for Difficult Laparoscopic cholecystectomy-do we need them in Pakistan?
Authors: Parvez Amna , Ansari Mehreen
Published: January 2025

In recent literature, a Spanish study defines ‘difficult’ laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) as the presence of at least one of the following conditions in an intraoperative setting: bile duct injury, Mirizzi syndrome, Calot triangle inflammation, conversion to laparotomy, and pericholecystic abscess.1 The standardisation of a criteria is important to provide scores that could predict difficulty preoperatively and have lasting implications on surgical safety and postoperative patient recovery.
The 2020 World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for the management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy recommend a thorough preoperative work-up to detect at-risk patients, signifying the need for a preoperative assessment scale.2 Clinically, there are numerous predictive assessment scores in practice globally, each specific to a certain demographic, unique in limitations and employing diverse clinical, laboratory and radiological parameters.
Currently, use of predictive assessment scores for DLC is not a common practice in Pakistan, however, studies have determined advanced age, obesity, previous abdominal surgery, deranged alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and multiple stones, as potential risk factors in our population. A value of C reactive protein(CRP) greater than 11 mg/dl was identified as having good sensitivity and specificity for predicting DLC in Pakistan.3 Concurrently, male gender was concluded to be an independent risk  factor for DLC (P = 0.041) on account of more adhesions and inflammation.4 This data offers unique insight into our population, and can become grounds for establishing a novel standard predictive score for clinical use in Pakistan. A score by Randhawa et al could be our foundation due to similar demographics and identified potential risk factors of our population could be incorporated in a new scoring method.5
In a developing country like Pakistan, a standard score for this relatively common surgical procedure could prove pivotal in resource management. Better selection of out-patient procedures and targeted surgical planning can save money, manpower and equipment. This approach will allow better preoperative counselling regarding prognosis and aid in undertaking informed consent. Identification and hands-on training of low risk procedures could be pivotal for our residency training programs. Further randomised prospective studies with large sample size are required to determine an efficient scoring system for the Pakistani population. However, any study which attempts to do so should keep in mind the limited resources in various hospitals across pakistan. A generalised scale that relies more on clinical parameters and accessible lab markers and less on expensive radiology and high expertise should be preferred.
Waiting areas in tertiary-care hospitals in Pakistan, a major risk for airborne infections
Authors: Muhammad Shahwaiz Lund  , Muhammad Uzair Ishaq  , Moeen Nawaz
Published: January 2025

Dear Madam,
An airborne infection is any disorder transmitted through the air and caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The most common disorders transmitted by this route include Tuberculosis, Influenza, Measles, Mumps, Coronavirus, MERS-Co V, Smallpox, Chickenpox, Aspergillosis, Blastomycosis, etc. According to the World Health Organization, “Airborne transmission of infectious agents refers to the transmission of disease caused by the dissemination of droplet nuclei that remain infectious when suspended in air over long distance and time” (1).  In Pakistan, infections spread in this way also contribute to one of the major factors in the overall prevalence ratio of airborne diseases.
Activities such as coughing, sneezing, and talking, which generate aerosolised particles can cause transmission. as. The possibility of spreading contagious disorders tremendously increases when susceptible individuals are placed together with index cases within confined spaces. Hospital waiting areas are among the most common confined spaces that could lead to airborne infections among individuals. (2) Personnel including patients, visitors and working staff are the most likely contributors of transmission sources in hospital boundaries. Other possible sources within the hospitals include dust or aerosols from the floor or furniture, potted plants or flowers, sinks, showers, or aspirating devices. Dust or infective aerosols from contaminated air-conditioning systems may also be a source of airborne infections (3).
Airborne transmission in waiting areas of hospitals in Pakistan can be substantially reduced by taking a multi-faceted approach including environmental controls, administrative measures, usage of modern technologies, and personal protective strategies. The best way to prevent airborne infection in waiting areas is by using masks and hand sanitisers. Hand sanitisers should be placed at all the entrance and exit points of waiting areas. Improvement in the ventilatory system through natural and mechanical means plays a significant role in reducing airborne infections. Using extra doors and windows for better airflow is one of the natural ways to reduce infection. Mechanical ways to reduce airborne infection include installing high-efficiency particulate filters and air purifiers in waiting areas. The physical distance of the patients should be increased by increasing the space between seating arrangements. Separate waiting areas should be created for patients with respiratory infections and those without. Implementing screening checkpoints at the hospital entrance to separate patients with infectious diseases is also beneficial. In short, there is a need to resolve this issue for the betterment of health of patients as well as their families.
The Crucial Role of Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Hiba Abid  , Parena Maheshwari  , Areeba Abid
Published: January 2025

Madam,
The intestinal microbiome refers to the vast assortment of tiny organisms in the human digestive tract. These bacteria support the body's physiological processes and biochemical responses via the compounds they generate. Research suggests that variations in gut microbiota may influence a variety of human health disorders, notably those involving the heart. Recent studies have shown that changes in the types and activities of bacteria in the intestines, known as gut microflora dysbiosis, can hasten the course of cardiovascular illnesses 1. Another research also tied gut microbiota to heart disease, but this time by demonstrating how metabolites like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) will increase risk, indicating that dietary and probiotic strategies could be used for remedy 2.
A recent study from April 2024 identified Oscillibacter and Eubacterium as synergistic cholesterol metabolisers. The intermediate products that these bacteria form while converting cholesterol are finally degraded by other bacteria and flushed out from the body, reducing gut cholesterol and modulating the host's biochemical pathways, hence reducing both faecal and plasma cholesterol levels. The results may serve to facilitate novel potential interventions, for example targeting the microbiome in cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment 3. A novel association was observed that higher serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels correlate with Parabacteroides merdae and unclassified Firmicutes strongly associate with plasma cholesterol. As for Firmicutes a well-defined metagenomic species pangenome (MSP) from this phylum, termed msp_120, was found to be associated with higher cholesterol levels that indicate its role in cholesterol metabolism and thus possibly also as a determinant of cardiovascular disease risk factors concerning high serum-cholesterol level. This finding reveals a beholden link between the gut microbiome and systemic inflammation with CVD 3.
In Pakistan, where CVDs are a major health concern, there is a significant research gap regarding the local gut microbiome's role in CVD. We conducted thorough research on PubMed and found no original research articles studying the relationship of gut microbiome with CVD except for a few review articles 4 and 5; this is indicative of the lack of attention to this topic in Pakistan. It is important to perform ethnic-specific studies for these unique interactions in the Pakistani population. Research in this direction may point out the specific role of gut microbiota so probiotic interventions and dietary recommendations can be used to improve cardiovascular health in the Pakistani population.
The new China virus - Human Metapneumovirus, its infectivity and rapid spreadis it a threat?
Authors: Mulazim Hussain Bukhari
Published: January 2025

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) causes a highlyinfectious respiratory disease for all ages and is part of thePneumoviridae family, but causes diseases for respiratory,milder to most severe; from pneumonia, to bronchiolitis,up to COPD. The virus is pleomorphic in shape and size,varying between 150 nm to 600 nm but very contagiousand easily spread by droplets via coughing or sneezing.Children are more at risk giving it a name of kid’s virus.People with a weak immune system as those with heart orlung diseases are also easy victims. The symptoms ofHMPV include runny nose, nasal congestion, cough, andfever. HMPV is also known to cause pneumonia. Theincubation period is estimated to be 3-6 days with mostcases lasting two to five days and then resolving on theirown. At times, more severe respiratory symptoms appearas pneumonia requiring hospitalization. The treatment issymptomatic and includes antihistamines, fever reducers,and broncodilators.Keywords: HMPV, Human, Metapneumovirus,Pneumonia, Paramyxoviridae, Pneumovirinae,Pneumoviridae.
The Sociocebo, Socioebo, Or Socebo Effect
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Madhur Verma  , Nitin Kapoor
Published: January 2025

The impact of the surrounding social ecosystem on thewellbeing of an individual is well known. Based on thisconcept in this brief article we propose a novel termcalled the socebo effect, which may be defined as thepositive impact that occurs secondary to a change in thepsychological factors associated with disease, thephysician, the person-physician interaction, and/or thepublic and its healthcare ecosystem. These socialcomforters, act as non drug interventions that help toimprove the overall health related quality of life of a givenindividual. We propose, the socebo construct needs to bestudied objectively, in both acute and chronic disease,including diabetes and obesity.
Keywords: Chronic disease, nocebo, placebo,psychosocial aspects, social pharmacology
Socionutrition: The science of socionutrients
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Bharti Kalra  , Madhur Verma  , Nitin Kapoor
Published: January 2025

Nutrients are substances used by an organism to survive,grow and reproduce. ‘Social’ used in relation tocompanionship and society. In this opinion piece, wepropose and propound a novel concept, Socionutrition,and discuss the science of socionutrients, socionutrienttriggers and modifiers, as well as socionutrient abuse. Wediscuss these parameters in relation to health and exploretheir relevance to disease prevention and management.
Keywords: Chronic disease, culinary medicine, diet,nutrition, social aspects
Is Depression Dialyzable?
Authors: Sourabh Sharma  , Sanjay Kalra
Published: January 2025

Depression is a common and debilitating comorbidity inpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularlythose with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD, CKD stage 5).This association stems from a complex interplay ofbiological and psychosocial factors, including theaccumulation of uraemic toxins such as middlemolecules, chronic inflammation, and the psychologicalburden of disease progression. Initiation of dialysis hasbeen observed to alleviate depressive symptoms throughmultiple mechanisms: removal of uraemic toxins,improvement in physical health, and reduction inpsychosocial stressors. This article reviews thepathophysiological underpinnings of depression in CKD,explores the impact of dialysis on depressive symptoms,and evaluates whether depression can be considered a"dialyzable" entity.
Keywords: chronic kidney disease, depression, dialysis,middle molecules, uremic toxins, anxiety, ESRD, mentalhealth
Faktor Mempengaruhi Penglibatan dalam Pekerjaan Sambilan dalam kalangan Pegawai Kanan Polis
Authors: Leman Norrafida , Ishak Suraiya , Ramli Zaimah
Published: January 2025

Penglibatan kerja sambilan dalam kalangan individu kelas jawatan rendah bertujuan memenuhi keperluan asas yang tidak cukup ditanggung dengan pendapatan daripada pekerjaan utama. Walau bagaimanapun penglibatan individu dalam kelas pendapatan pertengahan dan tinggi dalam pekerjaan sambilan dijangka cenderung didorong faktor motivasi yang berbeza daripada kelompok berpendapatan rendah. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penglibatan pegawai kanan polis dalam pekerjaan sambilan dalam kerangka Teori Hiraki Keperluan Maslow. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah survei di mana soal selidik digunakan sebagai instrumen memperolehi data kajian. Saiz populasi kajian ialah 298 orang yang terdiri daripada pegawai kanan polis yang bertugas di empat kontinjen di negeri Melaka dan saiz sampel mengikut penentuan formula Krejcie dan Morgan (1970) ialah 169 orang. Teknik persampelan berstrata dan berkadaran digunakan bagi menentukan bilangan unit sampel mengikut kontinjen berlainan. Seterusnya, teknik pensampelan bertujuan digunakan bagi memilih individu responden dan 93 orang telah memberi respon melakukan pekerjaan sambilan. Analisis regresi telah digunakan untuk menganalisa faktor-faktor pendorong penglibatan dalam pekerjaan sambilan. Berdasarkan analisis, terdapat dua faktor pendorong yang signifikan dalam penglibatan pegawai kanan polis dalam pekerjaan sambilan iaitu faktor memperluaskan rangkaian kenalan sosial dan mendapatkan kemahiran baharu. Implikasi penemuan ialah pegawai kanan polis yang terlibat dalam pekerjaan sambilan bertujuan mahu memenuhi keperluan rasa pencapaian diri dan kemajuan profesion hakiki melalui pelebaran rangkaian sosial dan kemahiran baharu.
Cultural Identity of Lat’s Cartoons in the Context of ‘Malaysia Madani’
Authors: Subramaniam Maithreyi , Muthusamy Chitra , Bin Bakar Kamarul Shah , Yar Shi Tan , Ambikapathy Manimegalai
Published: January 2025

Malaysians' varied perceptions of cartoons, often undervalued as mere entertainment despite their deep cultural and societal resonance. Hence, it prompted the researchers to explore the denotation and connotation of cultural significance in Malaysian cartoons, particularly in the works of Lat. The cartoons were selected for this study because of their ability to capture the essence of Malaysian society, culture, and identity through humor and social commentary. The objectives of this study are to quantify the portrayal of the colour, meaning and relationship between these elements in Lat’s cartoons to represent local cultural identity in the context of ‘Malaysia Madani’. Through the quantitative content analysis method with 248 visuals from Lat’s cartoons by exploring the Madani concept through themes of these cartoons, the study unleashes a diverse range of societal issues and viewpoints; the prominence of the themes indicates areas of significance, relevance, and engagement. The findings demonstrate that Lat’s cartoons effectively communicate the benefits of the Madani concept, encouraging Malaysians to be sustainability-oriented and compassionate for others, regardless of race or religion, thereby fostering harmony and unity. For further suggestions, the government and education sectors should use cartoons to promote knowledge transfer and community engagement.
Tahap Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tingkah Laku Pelajar terhadap Pertanian Bandar
Authors: Jothy Punissah , Osman Kamisah
Published: January 2025

Sejak beberapa tahun lalu, isu keselamatan makanan hangat diperkatakan dan dibincangkan oleh banyak pihak. Isu ini memberi impak negatif pada konsep keselamatan insan dan perlu ditangani dengan menggunakan pendekatan terbaik. Sehubungan dengan itu, konsep pertanian bandar yang berorientasikan kerjasama masyarakat setempat diperkenalkan bagi meningkatkan kapasiti pengeluaran sendiri bahan makanan segar, bersih, berkualiti dan selamat untuk dimakan. Kajian tinjauan ini dilaksanakan bagi mengenal pasti tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan tingkah laku pelajar terhadap pertanian bandar serta hubungan yang wujud antara ketiga-tiga faktor ini dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah di daerah Pudu, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur (WPKL). Sampel kajian yang dipilih secara rawak mudah terdiri daripada 307 orang pelajar tingkatan 1 hingga tingkatan 4. Proses pengumpulan data primer melibatkan pengedaran borang soal selidik secara atas talian menerusi platform Google Forms kepada responden. Data kuantitatif yang dikumpul daripada kajian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 27.0. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar sekolah menengah mempunyai tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan tingkah laku pada aras yang sederhana tinggi terhadap pertanian bandar dan terdapat hubungan positif yang kuat dan signifikan antara tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan tingkah laku pelajar terhadap pertanian bandar. Hasil kajian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai satu panduan atau sumber rujukan kepada para penyelidik, pihak Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) dan sekolah dalam membuat penambahbaikan terhadap proses penggubalan dasar atau pembentukan kurikulum baharu yang mengutamakan literasi dan kemahiran pertanian dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah.
Update over de diagnose en behandeling van postmenopauzale osteoporose
Authors: Nijs H. , Dupont J. , Dejaeger M. , De Vlam K. , Laurent M.R. , Gielen E.
Published: January 2025

Update on the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is characterized by a low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in spontaneous or low-impact fractures. These fractures are associated with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. This article provides a literature overview of the most recent guidelines of the Belgian Bone Club with regard to screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

The Belgian Bone Club recommends screening for osteoporosis in all women ≥ 50 years, or at the age of menopause if this occurs earlier. After a positive screening, the guidelines recommend an evaluation of previous fragility fractures, a measurement of bone mass by DXA and a calculation of the fracture risk with computer-based algorithms. Based on these three criteria, we categorize the fracture risk as low, high or very high. Lifestyle measures and sufficient calcium and vitamin D intake are recommended in all categories. Antiresorptive treatment should be considered for high-risk patients (selective estrogen receptor modulators, bisphosphonates or the anti-RANK antibody denosumab). For patients at very high-risk, anabolic therapy, such as teriparatide or romosozumab, is preferred. All anabolic therapy should be followed by antiresorptive therapy. It is recommended to regularly monitor the effectiveness and tolerance of therapy, including a DXA measurement every 2 to 5 years.
Application of Cost Control Techniques in Construction Projects Delivery
Authors: Livinus Horsfall , Akoh Dr Sani Reuben
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This research work deals on the application of cost control techniques in Construction project delivery. The need for the work arose as projects suffer from cost and time overruns due to factors stemming from poor cost control during at the design and execution stages of Construction projects.
Material and Methods: This study adopted an exploratory research design using a structured questionnaire as the primary instrument for data collection. The research was conducted in Rivers State, Nigeria, known for its robust infrastructure development and relevance to the construction sector. The study population comprised public and private contractors, including civil engineers and quantity surveyors. A random sampling technique was employed to select 50 contractors, considering time and financial constraints.
Findings: The analysis of the data obtained from the respondents identified cost control techniques that include schedules, budgeting, inspection, meetings, reports, records, monitoring & evaluations, as the commonly used techniques for cost control.  The study also revealed that most project managers and contractors in Port Harcourt find it difficult in controlling project costs due to problems which include delays by clients to release fund as at when due, indecision, lack of materials and equipment, bad weather, overlapping of activities, unclear and incomplete drawings, making good defective works, and generally failure to control the productivity of resources. Others of paucity were due to theft and vandalism, interference by clients, high labor turnover, and insufficient knowledge on cost control techniques.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy : The study therefore recommends proper knowledge and application of cost control techniques, adequate management of the cost control techniques, good site organization and reporting and adequate supervision of Construction projects should be adopted and implemented.
Formulation and impact of soy protein isolate on white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) sausage: Palatability evaluation, nutritional and economic value
Authors:   State Polytechnic of Creative Media, Jakarta, Masnar A. , Haryati R. T. ,   Dian Nuswantoro University
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the utilization of white oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and soy protein isolate in developing vegetarian sausages. Two formulations were evaluated: a control (100% mushrooms) and an experimental (80% mushrooms, 20% soy protein isolate). Sensory assessment using a 5-point hedonic scale with 25 trained panellists revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in aroma, taste, texture, or colour between formulations. Chemical analysis indicated that the experimental sample showed a significant increase in protein content from 0.42% to 2.24%, though this still falls short of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 3820:2015) minimum requirement of 8% for sausages. Moisture, fat, and ash content were comparable between formulations and within SNI limits. Carbohydrate content was slightly lower in the experimental sausages but presumably exceeded the SNI minimum. Microbiological testing demonstrated that both formulations met safety standards, with total plate count, coliform count, and Salmonella levels well below the limits set by SNI 3820:2015. Cost estimation revealed that the vegetarian sausages had a lower selling price compared to traditional meat sausages, offering an economically viable alternative. This research highlights the potential of mushrooms and plant proteins in developing nutritious, safe, and cost-effective meat alternatives though further formulation improvements are needed to meet protein content standards for sausage products.
How to feed your microbiome? The role of dietary fibres in shaping microbiome and host health
Authors:   University of Pécs, Ilkei K. I. , Jakab-Kodácz S. ,   University of Pécs, Mara Gyöngyvér ,   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania
Published: January 2025

Feeding our microbiome involves understanding the complex interactions between diet and diverse microbial communities residing in the human gut. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health, and its composition can be influenced by dietary components such as dietary f ibres. Therefore, this article presents knowledge on the relationship between different diets and the microbiome and focuses on the current understanding of dietary fibres and their role in shaping the microbiome. The reader will gather information about the role of the microbiome in health and disease status and the composition of the eubiotic and dysbiotic microbiota. Finally, this article focuses on microbial secondary metabolites, particularly shortchain fatty acids, with outstanding effects on health status.
Compilation of Stress Concentration Factors in the Vicinity of a Geometric Discontinuity in Structures
Authors:   University of Mascara, ZENGAH Sahnoun , BALTACH Abdelghani ,   University of Mascara, DJEBLI Abdelkader ,   University of Mascara, BENHAMENA Ali ,   University of Mascara
Published: January 2025

The analytical method estimates the stress concentration factor (Kt) using theoretical equations, while the numerical approach overcomes the limitations of analytical solutions in dealing with complex geometries. Simulations were conducted to evaluate how variations in hole diameter affect the stress concentration factor, revealing that larger diameters significantly increase the stress concentration factor. The presence of holes induces localized over-stress, compromising structural integrity. The research focuses on circular and elliptical holes under tensile loading, integrating both analytical and numerical techniques. Results validated against analytical solutions pinpoint areas of maximum stress concentration, which are crucial for the design and optimization of perforated structures. This study provides valuable insights for engineers, enhancing understanding of perforated plates' behavior under load, ultimately improving their reliability and safety in various industrial applications. The primary aim is to quantify the SCF, highlighting the risks posed by geometric discontinuities and their potential to lead to plastic deformation or structural failure.
Reconstruction of Defect Paths Using Eddy Current Testing Array 3D Imaging
Authors:   University of Msila, Aboura Abderrahmane , Abdou Abdelhak ,   University of Batna 2, BOUCHALA Tarik ,   University of Msila, CHEBOUT Mohamed ,   University of Djelfa, ABDELHADI Bachir ,   University of Msila,, KHABEL Marwen ,   University of Msila,
Published: January 2025

In a world where the reliability and lifespan of industrial equipment are critical, our research aims to go beyond the traditional limits of non-destructive testing. We seek to achieve accurate detection and comprehensive imaging of defects in their various forms by harnessing the capabilities of eddy current testing with multiplexing technology on multi-element sensors. This approach allows us to save time and ensure the quality of results. This paper presents a method for detecting and imaging different defect paths on an aluminium plate. Our methodology involves the strategic deployment of multi-sensor techniques specifically designed for eddy current testing. To address the inherent challenge of mutual magnetic induction between these sensors, we employ the alternating feed method, which is an advanced technology that ensures data integrity and significantly accelerates scanning times. By combining this technology with multi-sensor techniques, we capture signals that provide valuable insights into the presence of defects. Additionally, we produce 3D imaging that enables us to trace their paths, regardless of size. These preliminary results lay the foundation for future research aimed at accurately characterizing and visualizing the shapes and dimensions of these defects, thereby contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of defect behaviour.
Effect of Thermal Ageing on the Electrical Insulation Properties of the Oil-Paper Insulation
Authors:   Technical University of Košice, ZBOJOVSKÝ Jan , CIMBALA Roman ,   Technical University of Košice
Published: January 2025

The article focuses on the electrical insulation properties of oil-paper insulation and its application in practice at AC voltage. It also discusses the effect of moisture and thermal ageing on the breakdown strength and breakdown voltage of oil-paper combinations. Measurements are made of the breakdown voltage and breakdown strength of liquid insulators and paper type KREMPEL-DPP, impregnated with two types of oils, SHELL Diala S4 ZX-I and Mogul Trafo CZ-A. The moisture content in the liquid insulants before and after thermal ageing is also measured.
Adaptive Digital Notch Filter for Enhanced Stability in Grid-Connected Inverter Systems
Authors:   Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Ahmed Mohammed Moyed
Published: January 2025

Grid-connected inverters with LCL filters are crucial components in renewable energy systems, but they face stability challenges due to varying grid impedances and resonant frequencies. This paper presents a novel adaptive digital notch filter designed to enhance the stability of such systems across a wide range of operating conditions. The proposed filter employs a three-step adaptive mechanism: resonance detection, determination of resonant frequency change direction, and dynamic notch frequency adjustment. A comprehensive stability analysis in the z-plane reveals the behavior of the resonant pole under different scenarios, informing the filter's design. The adaptive filter's performance was evaluated through simulations. Results demonstrate significant improvements in system stability compared to conventional fixed-frequency notch filters. In scenarios where the resonant frequency was lower than the initial notch frequency, the adaptive filter prevented current divergence and reduced the line current harmonic magnitude at the resonant frequency by up to 75%. In scenarios where the resonant frequency was higher than the notch frequency, the proposed filter successfully suppressed current oscillations, maintaining stability where conventional filters failed. The adaptive mechanism responded to instability within 2 ms, adjusting the notch frequency to optimal levels within 10 ms. This research contributes to the advancement of grid-connected power electronics, offering a robust solution that can enhance the reliability and efficiency of renewable energy integration by up to 30% under varying grid conditions.
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire: A
Comparative Study of Humans and Large
Language Models Through Repeated
Administrations
Authors:   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Antal Margit , Beder Norbert ,   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the personality traits of large language
models (LLMs) using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and compares
their responses to those of human participants. By administering the
EPQ three times to both groups, we aim to analyze the stability and consistency
of their responses over time. Our research focuses on open-source
LLMs. The results indicate that LLMs exhibit significantly higher extraversion
scores compared to humans, while differences in lie, neuroticism, and
rigidity traits are not statistically significant. Additionally, LLMs show greater
variability in their responses across repeated administrations, suggesting less
consistency compared to human participants. We also examine the effects
of prompt design and the temperature hyperparameter on LLM personality
traits. Both temperature settings and prompt instructions significantly shape
the personality-like patterns in LLM outputs. These findings contribute to the
understanding of how LLMs can mimic human personality traits and the implications
for their use in personalized communication and user engagement.
The Sapientia ECN AI Baseline Index:
Benchmarking Large Language Models Against
Student Performance in Competitive
Programming
Authors:   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Kátai Zoltán , Iclănzan Dávid ,   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania
Published: January 2025

We introduce the Sapientia ECN AI Baseline Index, a benchmark for evaluating
the fundamental problem-solving capabilities of publicly available, stateof-
the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) in competitive programming. Using
basic prompting techniques on problems from the annual Sapientia Efficiency
Challenge Networking (ECN) competition, we assess LLMs’ baseline performance,
deliberately excluding more advanced enhancements like agentic systems
or external knowledge retrieval.
Our initial study compares LLM results with those of student teams from
the ECN 2023 competition, analyzing both the number and types of problems
solved, as well as score distributions. By providing a consistent, longitudinal
measure, the ECN AI Baseline Index aims to track AI baseline capability advancement
in complex problem-solving domains and offers insights into the
evolving strengths and limitations of LLMs relative to peak and median student
expertise.
Intelligent Video Recording Optimization
using Activity Detection for Surveillance
Systems
Authors:   Laboratoire LITAN, École supérieure en
Sciences et Technologies de l’Informatique
et du Numérique, Elmir Youssef , Touati Hayet ,   École supérieure en Sciences et
Technologies de l’Informatique et du
Numérique, Melizou Ouassila ,   École supérieure en Sciences et
Technologies de l’Informatique et du
Numérique
Published: January 2025

Surveillance systems often struggle with managing vast amounts
of footage, much of which is irrelevant, leading to inefficient storage and challenges
in event retrieval. This paper addresses these issues by proposing an optimized
video recording solution focused on activity detection. The proposed
approach utilizes a hybrid method that combines motion detection via frame
subtraction with object detection using YOLOv9. This strategy specifically targets
the recording of scenes involving human or car activity, thereby reducing
unnecessary footage and optimizing storage usage. The developed model
demonstrates superior performance, achieving precision metrics of 0.855 for
car detection and 0.884 for person detection, and reducing the storage requirements
by two-thirds compared to traditional surveillance systems that rely
solely on motion detection. This significant reduction in storage highlights
the effectiveness of the proposed approach in enhancing surveillance system
efficiency. Nonetheless, some limitations persist, particularly the occurrence
of false positives and false negatives in adverse weather conditions, such as strong winds.
The Relationship between Classroom Streaming and Self-Esteem among Students in Secondary Schools in Uganda: Evidence from Apac and Jinja Districts
Authors: Atuha Paddy , Karuhanga Samuel , Ahimbisibwe Justus
Published: January 2025

The study aimed at understanding the relationship between classroom streaming and self-esteem, the possible strategies and interventions that can help reduce the negative effects of classroom streaming on students’ self-esteem. Four secondary schools were selected for this study, these schools were chosen from the districts of Apac and Jinja, giving a total sample size of 240. Results on the self esteem of secondary school students indicated that most of these students had low self-esteem. 23% occasionally felt like they were not very good, 19% think they do not have many things to be proud of,23% said that they occasionally feel useless,38% wished they were able to appreciate themselves more, 51% feel they do not have much to be proud of and 35% strongly agreed that had the impression that they had failed. On the other hand, further findings revealed that some had a high self esteem. 19% confirmed that they in general felt pleased with themselves and 33% believed they possessed a variety of positive characteristics. On the relationship between classroom streaming and self- esteem, results show that those in group one had a mean score of 32.28, which is higher than the mean score of 16.51 of group two. The standard deviation of 3.61 of scores in group one shows a wider distribution than the standard deviation of 2.90 of scores of group two. The relationship between streaming and self-esteem, the p-calculated value was found to be 0.0001.The conclusion is that classroom streaming has an effect on self esteem. The comparison of the mean scores and standard deviations indicates that those in group one had a higher self-esteem than those in group two (p=0.05, df=238)
Demographic Differences in the Marital Satisfaction of Older Christian Couples in Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Njoroge Sarah , Wambugu Anne
Published: January 2025

Demographic predictors of marital satisfaction have been the subject of ongoing research interest albeit with mixed results. The purpose of this study was to provide insights into the unique demographic patterns affecting marital satisfaction in later life, particularly within a resource-constrained and Christian-dominated context. This study employed a quantitative research design and was conducted in Kiambu-County, Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 297 participants. Data on marital satisfaction were collected using a 16-item Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI), with responses scored and aggregated to reflect overall satisfaction. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between demographic variables and marital satisfaction. Predictor variables included gender, home ownership, age at marriage (categorized), and continuous measures such as income level, years married, and education level. The regression model was statistically significant, χ2 (6) =14.36, p<.05 explaining 10.5% of the variance in marital satisfaction (Nagelkerke R2). Of the predictors, only home ownership was significant (B=0.898, p<.05, OR = 2.455, indicating that owning a home increased the odds of high marital satisfaction by nearly two and a half times compared to not owning a home. Other demographic factors, including gender, education, age at marriage, years married, and income, were not statistically significant (p>.05). The model correctly classified 75.6% of cases, with 99.3% of high marital satisfaction cases correctly predicted. The results highlight the critical role of home ownership in marital satisfaction among older Christian couples in a developing country context, emphasizing the importance of housing stability over traditional demographic predictors. Thus, the study has contributed to the broader field of marital satisfaction research by focusing specifically on older Christian couples in a resource-constrained context.
Innovative Pedagogical Frameworks for Creative Arts: A Critical Review of Cross-Disciplinary Methods
Authors: Samsudin Mat Redhuan , Sulaiman Rushana , Tarmizi Mohd Shahrul Hisham Ahmad , Zahari Siti Safura , Roslan Nur Fatiyah , Alias Suriana
Published: January 2025

Students in the arts field need to apply generic skills such as creativity, innovation, and critical thinking to generate new ideas in the production of artistic products. However, traditional learning and teaching methods have been found to be less effective in meeting the needs of interdisciplinary knowledge in the context of arts education. As a result, students often face difficulties in generating new ideas that are creative and innovative. There is no approach that combines knowledge across disciplines, causing the learning process to be unsystematic, less structured, and less focused. This situation hinders students’ efforts to achieve their full potential in creating works of art. This cross-disciplinary approach encourages holistic development and innovation in the arts, aligning with sustainability principles. Despite its potential, implementing cross-disciplinary methods in creative arts education faces challenges such as resistance to change and resource limitations. This study critically reviews existing cross-disciplinary learning methods and proposes a new pedagogical framework aimed at integrating sustainable and innovative practices. Drawing on the theories of Sternberg and Amabile, the review highlights the importance of knowledge, creative thinking, and intrinsic motivation in fostering creativity. The proposed framework encourages students to engage in cross-disciplinary learning, critical problem analysis, ideation, and evaluation, preparing them to solve complex, real-world issues. By promoting creativity, critical thinking, and innovation, cross-disciplinary learning helps students develop the skills needed to address both artistic and global sustainability challenges.
Reverse Engineering of Aneurysm Clip using Metal Forming
Authors: Menik Dwi Kurniatie  , Talitha Asmaria  , Rokhmanto Fendy , Triwardono Joko , Senopati Galih , Mayasari Dita Ayu , Anandisa Wulan Tsabita
Published: January 2025

Aneurysm clip is widely used as the primary treatment of complex brain aneurysm, primarily in a haemorrhage stroke due to cerebral blood vessel blockages or ruptures, leading to severe neurological deficits. In some developing countries, such as Indonesia, open surgical clipping is sometimes unaffordable and causes a financial burden to the state. This study aims to reproduce the commercial aneurysm clip using metal forming to be more independent in providing medical equipment throughout the country. The metal forming employed rolling and bending techniques, utilizing a base and a jig system to press the Ti6Al4V wire into the desired shape of an R-shaped contour. Our investigation confirmed their structural integrity, fine-grain structure, and mechanical properties. The density of the aneurysm clip shows 4.3 g/cm3 after the forming process. The chemical composition of the aneurysm clip tested with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer revealed the presence of Ti, Al, and V elements. The fabricated clip exhibited a closing force of 1.689 N. It is about double the closing force exerted by the commercial aneurysm clip, 0.791 N.
A Report on Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)
Authors: Mallick Anowar Ali , Purkayastha Debaraj Shome
Published: January 2025

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus that affects people of all ages, especially young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. It can cause respiratory illnesses, ranging from mild symptoms to serious conditions like bronchiolitis and pneumonia. HMPV is an RNA virus that spreads easily through respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected surfaces, or touching contaminated objects. People at higher risk include infants, the elderly, those with weakened immune systems, and individuals with respiratory issues like asthma or COPD. In severe cases, it can lead to hospitalization or, rarely, death. Coinfections with viruses like RSV or influenza can make symptoms worse. HMPV is diagnosed using advanced molecular tests like RT-PCR, antigen detection methods, such as immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassays. Treatment focuses on supportive care, while prevention involves good hygiene and infection control. Promising research is underway to develop vaccines and antibody therapies to help reduce its impact. This paper explores the virus, its effects, diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing research efforts.
Tailored osmotic delivery of nifedipine: a formulation and evaluation approach
Authors: K Vinod Kumar , B Thangabalan , Sheerla Dinakar Reddy
Published: January 2025

Nifedipine is used as an antianginal (especially in Prinzmetal's angina) and antihypertensive. The mechanism by which nifedipine reduces arterial blood pressure involves peripheral arterial vasodilatation and consequently a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance. The primary objective of controlled drug delivery system is to ensure safety and to improve the patient compliance as well as efficacy of the drugs and this can be achieved by less frequent dosing and better control of drug plasma level.
Quality of life in women with migraine: a systematic review
Authors: Soares Adriana de Almeida , Fortes Yasmine Maria Leódido , Souza Wallyson Pablo de Oliveira , Silva-Néto Raimundo Pereira
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Several chronic diseases interfere with quality of life (QoL), including migraine, especially in women who are the most affected. However, effective therapeutic interventions are capable of modifying the disease.
Objective: Our objective was to review the literature on QoL in women with migraine, before and after treatment.
Methods: This study was a systematic review of clinical trials on migraine in women and QoL published between November 2019 and October 2024. The research was carried out in the online database PubMed, using the descriptors “migraine in women” and “quality of life”.
Results: Eight articles were analyzed. They described 1,337 women with migraine aged 18 to 50 years. There was an improvement in QoL after therapeutic intervention, both drug and non-drug.
Conclusions: Women with migraine have their QoL impaired, but therapeutic interventions can modify the disease.
Tedi muss bei Pfennigpfeiffer nachsteuern
Authors: Tewes Werner
Published: January 2025

Tedi stößt beim Kauf von Pfennigpfeiffer auf Probleme. Nach LZ-Recherchen müssen die ursprünglichen Übernahmepläne überarbeitet werden. Der Antrag beim Kartellamt ist einstweilen zurückgezogen worden.
Fischkäufer reagieren preissensibel
Authors: Murmann Christoph
Published: January 2025

Mehr als 62 Mrd. Euro haben die Haushalte in der EU 2024 für Fisch und Fischerzeugnisse ausgegeben. Bei steigenden Preisen und Umsätzen geht der Verbrauch seit Jahren zurück. In Deutschland deutet sich aktuell eine Wende an.
Die Mischung macht´s
Authors: Krost Heidrun
Published: January 2025

Die Preisrallye geht weiter, und die Absätze von Schokowaren und Gebäck steuern auf eine ernsthafte Krise hin. Da bei der Teuerung kein Ende in Sicht ist, sind Optimierungskonzepte auf den Flächen und der richtige Sortimentsmix gefragt. Heidrun Krost
„Das Sorglose ist verloren gegangen“
Authors: Krost Heidrun
Published: January 2025

Markus Hoffmann berät Handelsunternehmen. Sein Ziel: Er will aus Verkaufsflächen im Handel Ertragsflächen machen.
FTC verklagt John Deere
Authors: Vetter Bernhard
Published: January 2025

Frankfurt a.M. Die Federal Trade Commission und zwei US-Bundesstaaten gehen gegen John Deere vor. Der Landtechnikhersteller reagierte umgehend.
Mist ist kein Mist
Authors: Schaal René
Published: January 2025

Frankfurt a.M. Die in Gülle und Mist aus der Tierhaltung enthaltenen Nährstoffe werden in einer Kreislaufwirtschaft wieder dem Boden zugeführt. Sie dienen als Ausgangsstoffe für die Humusbildung und als Nahrungsgrundlage vieler Bodenlebewesen.
Drahtwurm als Notfall eingestuft
Authors: Schaal René
Published: January 2025

Frankfurt a.M. Das Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL) hat für das Pflanzenschutzmittel Attracap eine Notfallzulassung gegen die Larven des Schnellkäfers (Drahtwurm) erlassen. Bei Attracap handelt es sich um eine Formulierung mit dem insektenpathogenen Pilz Metarhizium brunneum.