bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conjugacy Classes in Order- Preserving Transformation Semi groups with Injective Contraction
Authors: Emunefe J.O. , Atonuje A.O. , Tsetimi, J
Published: December 2024

Enumerating the elements within transformation semigroups poses a significant challenge.
Prior knowledge has been more on the injective order-preserving and order-decreasing
transformation semigroup, a sub-semigroup of the injective transformation semigroup.
This work categorized elements within the injective order-preserving sub-semigroup with
contraction, arranging them into conjugacy classes using a path decomposition approach
based on circuit and proper paths. Furthermore, these conjugacy classes were organized
according to the number of images. A general expression was derived for the number of
conjugacy classes in the injective order-preserving contraction transformation semigroup.
We found that the number of conjugacy classes in this transformation is precisely given by
the sequence A000070 (OEIS). This alignment suggests a profound relationship between
the structure of these transformations and the theory of partitions (number theory), opening
up new avenues for research and analysis.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FABRICATED SILVER NITRATE DOPED DSSC SENSITIZED WITH DYE EXTRACTED FROM Corchorus olitorius L
Authors: Malumi S.O. , Osiele M.O. , Enaroseha O.O.E. , Daniel-Umeri R. , Chukwu J.O.
Published: December 2024

This study concentrates on the conventional dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). This type of solar
cell is generally made from components such as photo anode support, photo sensitizer (dye),
electrolyte and counter electrode. This research investigates the properties of the photosensitizer
which was locally sourced from our environment, was analyzed. The effect of the dopant on the
absorbance spectrum of the chlorophyll based dye was also studied. The optical properties of the
natural dyes showed that the dye-sensitized material exhibits an intense absorption broad band of
620-720 nm in the visible light region indicating the absorption of red light from the photons
with a more prominent peak 659 nm. The structural characterization of the film was investigated
using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and x-ray diffraction
(XRD). The solar cells were finally prepared by sandwiching the TiO2 photoanode with the
counter electrode. The electrical properties of the fabricated solar call was analyzed by the use of
a solar simulator which resulted to an efficiency of 0.05 %.This was calculated from the
experimental values of short circuit current (Isc), open circuit current voltage (Voc), fill factor
(ff) as 0.389 V, 0.242 mAcm-2
and 0.48 respectively.
Evaluation of the Concentration and Distribution of Selected Air Pollutants in Some Towns in Ukwuani LGA of Delta State, Nigeria.
Authors: Reuben G.E. , Akporhonor E.E.
Published: December 2024

The research investigated the spatial distribution and concentrations of air pollutants, across six
locations in Delta State, Nigeria which include two roadsides (Utagba-Unor junction, Obiaruku,
and Umutu junction along Agbor-Abraka Road), two residential areas (Ebedei-Umueziogoli
Quarters and Ebedei-Adonishaka), Ebedei-Unor near gas plant and a control site near the
Ethiope River at Adonishaka. The ambient air quality of the locations were measured with
Aeroqual Gas Monitoring Kit (ASTM D3249-95, 2011) with sampling done in the morning,
afternoon, and evening period over seven consecutive days during the core of dry and wet
seasons. The measured concentrations ranged obtained were CO (0.5 ± 0.07–3.29 ± 0.31 µg/m³),
CO₂ (2.00 ± 0.04–7.39 ± 0.18 µg/m³), H₂S (0.00 ± 0.00–0.77 ± 0.12 µg/m³), NO (0.00 ± 0.00–
0.83 ± 0.06 µg/m³), NO₂ (0.14 ± 0.05–4.04 ± 0.35 µg/m³), and CH₄ (0.40 ± 0.06–4.33 ± 0.35
µg/m³). CO was observed to have the highest concentrations at Ebedei-Adonishaka, while
Ebedei-Unor recorded the highest concentration of CO₂, H₂S, NO, NO₂, and CH₄. Seasonal
variations was observed with more pollutant during the dry season compared to wet season.
Surveying of Radioactivity Concentration of U-238, Th-232 and K- 40 and Evaluation of Radiological Health Parameters on Nigeria Coastal Line
Authors: Ogungbemi I.K. , Onyeka-Ubak N.J. , Adedokun M.B.
Published: December 2024

Activities around the Atlantic Ocean coastline region have greatly increased of resent due to industrial
and commercial establishments. This study quantified the natural radionuclide contents in the waters
along the Atlantic Ocean in West Africa, with special interest in the Nigerian coastline region. The study
then evaluated the health risks associated with these natural radionuclides for each population living along
the coastline. Several water samples were collected offshore and onshore from five different locations
from south-west to south-south in clean plastic bottles and kept in the laboratory for 30 days. In
preparation for the use of the HPG detector used, which is of serial number 9744, model GC8023 has a
relative efficiency of 80% and a resolution of 2.3 keV full width at half maximum (FWHM) at 1.33 MeV.
The results show variation in concentration levels in U238, Th232, and K40 across the coastline. The
absorbed dose increases from the south-west down to the south-south of the coastline, ranging from 14.73
and 28.78 nGyhr-1
in the south-west, while in the south-south it is 18.75 and 26.18 nGyhr-1
. The indoor
effective dose is in the range 0.072 to 0.141 mSv/y and the outdoor effective dose ranges from 0.018 -
0.035 mSv/y. The increase in absorbed dose is due to K-40 from the agricultural activities in the region
and also the crude oil exploration use of radionuclides in oil fields. The excess lifetime cancer risk within
the region is slightly comparable to the tolerable values set by regulatory bodies.
Medición del Nivel de Cumplimiento de la Nom 030-Stps, en las Pymes
Authors: Arcos Juarez Rosa Eva , Tass Salinas Nancy , Rejón Castro Cristina Isabel , Montejo Hernandez Marlene
Published: December 2024

La salud abarca el bienestar físico, mental y social, esto se refiere al entorno laboral, donde la “Seguridad y Salud” no solo implica la falta de enfermedades laborales, sino también la de accidentes, según Gea Izquierdo, E. (2017). El estudio se llevó a cabo con la finalidad de realizar una evaluación cuantitativa de las MiPymes del sector industrial en el municipio de Balancán, Tabasco, con el propósito de establecer el grado de cumplimiento con la normativa NOM-030-STPS-2009, Servicios preventivos de seguridad y salud laboral. Se determinó el tamaño de la muestra considerando la población N = 83 de las empresas industriales en Balancán, con un Z = 95% = 1.96 que representa el nivel de confianza, con un margen de error e = 0.05, una probabilidad de éxito p = 0.5 y una probabilidad de fracaso q = 0.5.7.  Constos parámetros se obtuvo una muestra de tamaño n de nuestra población general de las empresas industriales de 68 MiPymes a encuestar, al aplicar el instrumento check list de la normatividad, se obtuvo que de las MiPymes de los Rios tienen un cumplimiento solo del 32% de la NOM-030-STPS-2009, derivado de la falta de concientización y desconocimiento de la normatividad de carácter obligatorio en el territorio mexicano, se requiere que, en el ambiente de trabajo, se cree una conciencia de cultura de prevención de seguridad, las empresas tienen el area de oportunidad de prepararse ante una auditoria de riesgos de trabajo por la secretaria del Trabajo y Previsión social.
Superpowers intervention and arms aid to South Asia during Nehru era 1947-1964 and Indian security
Authors:   Govt VYT PG Autonomous college Durg CG, Husain Shakeel
Published: December 2024

After the end of World War II, the threat of fascism and Nazism ended, but for Western Europe and America a new threat of communism arose. The Western democratic world was perceiving communism as a danger because of its instinctive totalitarian nature of governance just like fascism and Nazism. Therefore, communism was perceived as an enemy of democracy and free competitive market economy like fascism and Nazism. Consequently, soon after the Second World War, the fortification of the geostrategic regions of the world started and the world gradually got involved in the competition of superpowers. West Asia became a hot spot because of the utility of cued oil, Europe for European security, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific region for its maritime importance became very important strategic regions. As a result, almost every region of the world has become a declared or unannounced field of superpower competition and intervention. Organizations for collective security like NATO in Europe, Cento in West Asia and SEATO in the Indo-Pacific were created. Due to Pakistan becoming a member of Cento and SEATO, the Cold War reached South Asia.
माओवाद की असफलता साम्यवाद से पूंजीवाद तक
Authors:   Govt VYT PG Autonomous college Durg CG, Husain Shakeel
Published: December 2024

माओवाद बीसवीं शताब्दी में सर्वाधिक उथल-पुथल मचाने वाला दर्शन है । लैटिन अमेरिका अफ्रीका एशिया के अनेक विकासशील देशों में माओवादी दर्शन ने राजनीतिक हिंसा को एक नया आयाम दिया है , हिंसा को महिमा मण्डित किया है । तीसरी दुनिया के अनेक देशों में माओवादी हिंसा राज्य के विरुद्ध एक गंभीर खतरे के रूप में उपस्थित हुई है । प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र यह विश्लेषण करने का प्रयत्न करता है कि माओवादी दर्शन में वे कौन से तत्व हैं जो राजनीतिक हिंसा के प्रति लोगों को आकर्षित करते हैं । चीन में साम्यवादी क्रांति के बाद से माओ की मृत्यु तक माओवाद की क्या सफलताएं और असफलताएं रहीं है । माओवाद क्या चीन का कोई हित कर सका है ? इन सब प्रश्नों के विश्लेषण के लिए चीन में क्रांति से लेकर मौत की मृत्यु तक माओ के द्वारा किए गए कार्य का विश्लेषण करके निष्कर्ष निकालने की प्रयत्न किए गए हैं ।
हन्ना अरेण्ट: ओरिजिन्स आफ टोटैलिटेरियनिज्म मे सर्वाधिकारवाद का सिद्धान्तीकरण
Authors:   Govt VYT PG Autonomous college Durg CG, Husain Shakeel
Published: December 2024

“सर्वाधिकारवाद स्वतंत्रता का सबसे कट्टरपंथी खंडन है”

हन्ना की पुस्तक ओरिजिन्स आफ टोटलिटेरिएनिज्म बीसवीं शताब्दी की सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण पुस्तकों मंह से एक है क्योंकि इसने सर्वाधिकारवाद की विषद , गम्भीर, तार्किक और दार्शनिक व्याख्यि दी है । । उन्होंने जर्मनी और साम्यवादी सर्वाधिकारवाद की चर्चा की है और उसको लोकतंत्र के लिए खतरनाक बताया । शोध पत्र में यह विसर्जित करने का पत्नी किया गया है कि क्या अपनी पुस्तक में हन्ना ने सर्वाधिकारवाद का सिद्धांतिकरम किया है अर्थात के उन्होंने कोई सिद्धांत देने का प्रयत्न किया है या उनका सर्वाधिकारवाद का विश्लेषण कोई सिद्धांत है अथवा केवल एक दार्शनिक व्याख्या है जो उनके अनुभव पर आधारित है । इस दृष्टि से इस शोध पत्र का मूल आधार और संदर्भ है हन्नाह की पुस्तक ओरिजिन आफ टोटैलिटेरियनिज्म है इस पुस्तक का मूल विषय ही सर्वाधिकारवाद है किंतु उसे केंद्र में रखकर उन्होने जो विश्लेषण दिया है उससे यह स्पष्ट ध्वनित होता है कि उन्होंने सिद्धान्तीकरण की कोशिश की है। अतः उनकी पुस्तक में से सर्वाधिकारवाद को एक सिद्धांत के रूप में समझाने का प्रयत्न किया गया है ।
स्वामी विवेकानन्द और विश्व-बंधुत्त्व : एक समकालीन विमर्श
Authors:   Hanshraj college delhi, Shrivastava Satyendra
Published: December 2024

उन्नीसवींसदी के उत्तरार्ध में जिन विचारकों ने विश्व-बंधुत्त्व और उसकी आवश्यकता पर सर्वाधिक जोर दिया, उनमें स्वामी विवेकानन्दसर्वप्रमुख हैं। एक क्रांतिकारी युवा सन्यासी के रूप में 1893 के शिकागो विश्व धर्म-संसद में उनके विश्व-प्रसिद्ध व्याख्यानने विश्व-पटल पर एक अमिट छाप छोड़ी।1 11 सितम्बर 1893 को उनके सम्बोधन के पहलेवाक्याँश- ‘अमेरिका के भाइयों और बहनों’ ने लगभग सात हजार श्रोताओंकेा मंत्रमुग्ध कर दिया और उनके सम्मान में वे लोग लगातार दो मिनट तक करतल ध्वनि करतेरहे। यह टिप्पणी उस अद्वैत वेदान्त की व्यवहारिक अभिव्यक्ति थी, जिसमें ‘स्व’ व ‘पर’ का कोई भेद नहीं माना गयाऔर जिसकी प्रस्तावना भारतीय संस्कृति में ‘वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम’2केरूप में की गयी है। इतिहास इस बात का साक्षी है कि विश्व-बंधुत्त्व की स्थापना में जो सबसे बड़ेबाधक हैं, उनमें पंथवाद, धर्मांधता और धार्मिक दुराग्रहप्रमुख हैं, जिन्होंने मनुष्यों को विभिन्नअतिवादी सामाजिक और धार्मिक समूहों में विभाजित कर उन्हें उसी में सीमित कर दिया। इनसमूहों की अतिवादी मान्यताओं ने पूरे विश्व को हिंसा व रक्तपात से भर दिया। भारतीयसंस्कृति और हिन्दू धर्म इन सब विकृतियो से मुक्त रहा है ।लेकिन स्वामी विवेकानन्दइस बात की अनुशंसा नही कर रहे कि अन्य सभीधर्मों के अनुयायी हिन्दू धर्म का पालन करें, अपितु उनका इस जोर बात पर है कि कैसे सभी धर्मों को उदार बनायाजाए और उनमें सामंजस्य स्थापित किया जाए,कैसेधर्म में व्याप्त कुरीतियों और आडम्बरों को दूर कर उन्हें मानवीय बनाया जाए, जिसके केन्द्र में दया, प्रेम, पारस्परिकता, विश्व-बंधुत्व जैसे मूल्यहों क्योंकि सच्चा धर्म कभी भी लोगों को तोड़ता नहीं बल्कि जोड़ता है।
भारत चीन सीमा विवाद
Authors:   Govt VYT PG Autonomous college Durg CG, singh amit
Published: December 2024

भारत और चीन विश्व के दो प्राचीनतम एवं महान सभ्यताओं का देश है। प्राचीन काल से ही दोनों राज्यों के बीच मैत्रीपूर्ण संबंध रहे है। आजादी के बाद से पिछले 70 वर्षों में चीन भारत सीमा विवाद ने एक ऐसी समस्या को जन्म दिया है जिसका कोई समाधान नजर नहीं आ रहा है साल 1950 में जब पीआरसी ने तिब्बत पर अपना कब्जा किया उस दिन से चीन और भारत के बीच विश्व के सबसे बड़ी आनिर्धारित सीमाओं का उद्भव हुआ। परिणामस्वरुप 1962 में सीमा विवाद भारत और चीन के बीच युद्ध का कारण बना। युद्ध ने विपक्षी संबंधों पर गहरा आघात छोड़ा। इसी तरह 1967 में नाथूला और चो ला सीमा पर संघर्ष,1987 में सुमदोरोंग चू संघर्ष सीमा संघर्ष, 2013 में देपसांग संघर्ष 2020 में लद्दाख की गलवान घाटी संघर्ष तथा 2022 में अरुणाचल प्रदेश के तवांग में संघर्ष तमाम सीमा विवाद के प्रमुख उदारहण हैं। 21 वीं सदी में चीन का उदय सबसे बड़ा भू राजनीतिक घटनाक्रम है। चीन और भारत विश्व की सबसे बड़ी उभरती हुई अर्थव्यवस्था है। जिनके बीच मुख्य प्रतिस्पर्धा दक्षिण एशिया और विश्व स्तर अपना प्रभाव स्थापित करना हैं। दोनों देशों की राष्ट्रवादी सरकारों ने सीमा विवाद पर अपना रुख सक्त रखा है, जिसके कारण 2013 के बाद से दोनों देशों के बीच सीमा झड़प के मामलो में वृद्धि हुई हैं। विवाद का समाधान अभी भी असंभव है। दोनों देशों ने स्।ब् के पास इस क्षेत्र में लड़ाकू विमान,जेट, टैंक अन्य आधुनिक सैन्य तकनीकी सहित बड़ी मात्रा में सैनिक तंत्र स्थापित किए हैं, जो क्षेत्रीय और वैश्विक सुरक्षा के लिए दूरगामी परिणाम के साथ अंतर्राज्यीय संघर्ष को भी अंजाम दे सकता है। सीमा विवाद के कारण दोनों देशों के बीच मुख्य रूप से निवेश और व्यापार पर बहुत अधिक प्रभाव पड़ा है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्रिका भारत चीन के बीच सीमा संघर्ष का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन कर विवाद के संभावित कारणों का पता लगाना है।
गांधी का परिवर्तनवादी परिपेक्ष्य
Authors:   Govt VYT PG Autonomous college Durg CG, Husain Shakeel
Published: December 2024

गांधी परिवर्तनवादी है किन्तु न तो वह उद्भट दार्शनिक है न उत्कृष्ट चिंतक बल्कि गांधी सर्वोत्कृष्ट और अनुकरणीय राजनीतिक क्रियाविद् है । गांधी किसी “वाद” के पाश से मुक्त हैं । गांधी की परिवर्तनवादी दृष्टि इतिहासवादी नही है । अतः गांधी की शैली बौद्धिक व्यायाम की बजाय कार्यकर्ता की है । उन्होनें बाइबिल और गीता के उपदेशों, रस्किन, थोरो एवं टालस्टाय से जो प्राप्त किया उसे राजनीतिक क्रियाविधिका रूप दिया । वही उनके सिद्धांत है । वे न तो उद्भट दार्शनिक है न चिंतक किन्तु क्रियाविद् के रूप में अतुलनीय हैं । एक आम आदमी द्वन्द्ववाद में निष्णात हुए बिना किस प्रकार व्यवस्था परिवर्तन का हेतु बन सकता है यह गांधी ने विश्व को दिखाया । सामाजिक और राजनीतिक परिवर्तन स्थायी न होकर गतिशील होते हैं, तथा ‘विचार‘ एवं ‘क्रिया‘ केवल इसके साधन मात्र है । यह तत्व मार्क्सवाद की बजाए गांधीवाद में प्रमुखतः व्याप्त है । इसलिए लोहिया मार्क्स की तुलना में गांधी के अधिक निकट है।
मानवीय गरिमा और मानवाधिकार : भारतीय दृष्टिकोण
Authors:   OSD Higher education department CG, Yadav Dharmendra
Published: December 2024

नैतिक रूप मे मानवाधिकारो का इतिहास बहुत प्राचीनहै एक अवधारणा के रूप में मानवाधिकार दुनिया की लगभग सभी महान संस्कृतियों में विद्यमानरहा है । यहां तक कि विश्व के लगभग समस्त धार्मिक ग्रंथों में भी मानवाधिकारों की उपलब्धताकिसी न किसी रूप में हमें दिखाई देती है किंतु एक कानूनी अवधारणा के रूप में मानवाधिकारआधुनिक युग की देन है और इस रूप में इसका स्वरूप हमें पश्चिमी अवधारणा के रूप में दिखाई देता है । भारतीय परंपरा में मानवाधिकारमानवाधिकारों की यात्रा लंबी रही है सनातन काल के नैतिक अवधारणा से लेकर आधुनिक कालकी कानूनी अवधारणा तक भारतीय परंपरा में मानवाधिकारों की उपलब्धता हमेशा से रही है । सनातन काल से लिखित और श्रुति साहित्य दोनों हीमें यह उपलब्ध रही हैं । ऋग्वेद से लेकर रामचरितमानसतक इसकी प्रतिध्वनी स्पष्ट रूप से सुनाई देती है । भारतीय संस्कृति सनातन परंपरा औरभारत के धार्मिक साहित्य, लोक साहित्य, लौकिकऔर अलौकिक समस्त प्रकार के साहित्य में सनातन काल से मौलिक अधिकारों की उपलब्धता रही है । कालांतर में विदेशी आक्रांताओं द्वाराबलपूर्वक समाजों पर कब्जा किया जाना और उनके राजनीतिकरण किए जाने के कारण मानवाधिकारोंके सामने गंभीर संकट उत्पन्न हुआ जिसका निराकरण मे भारतीय संविधान की स्थापना और उसमेंमानवाधिकारों के स्पष्ट घोषणा मानवाधिकारों को मौलिक अधिकारों के रूप में मान्यता केसाथ प्राप्त होती है ।

मानवाधिकारों के भारतीय हिंदू दृष्टिकोण कोसंयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ सहित विभिन्न अंतरराष्ट्रीय संस्थाओं ने मान्यता प्रदान की हैतथा उसे स्वीकार किया है इसके अलावा विश्व के प्रतिष्ठित विश्वविद्यालयों ऑक्सफोर्डकैंब्रिज जॉन्स हापकिंस, हार्वर्ड आदि में मानवाधिकारों के बारे में हिंदू दृष्टिकोणअध्ययन के प्रमुख विषय विषय के रूप मे अध्ययन मानवाधिकारो की अवधारणात्मक श्रृंखलाका महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा है ।
The Influence of Workload and Job Satisfaction on Happiness at Work Among Employees of PT. Bakrie Pipe Industries
Authors: Puspita Mugi , Purwadisastra Dikdik , Japesa Rian
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the increase in workload and the influence of Workload and Job Satisfaction on Job Happiness in PT employees. Bakrie Pipe Industry. The method used is descriptive and verification with a quantitative approach. The research population was 248 employees of the Operations Division, and 104 respondents were selected using saturated sampling techniques. The research results show that Workload is in the very high category, Job Satisfaction is very low, and Job Happness is quite high. Based on the determination test, Workload influences Job Happiness by 2.2%, Job Satisfaction by 28.4%, and simultaneously Workload and Job Satisfaction influence Job Happiness by 32.6%. Partial hypothesis testing shows that Workload and Job Satisfaction have an influence on Job Happiness. Simultaneously, these two variables have also been proven to influence employee happiness at work.
Emotional Intelligence and Competency Factors in Explaining Teacher Performance
Authors: Putra Okta Eka , Vany Prisi Aulia Eris , Purwadisastra Dikdik
Published: December 2024

This scholarly inquiry seeks to elucidate the characterisation and impact of emotional intelligence, professional competence, and pedagogical performance within the KH. Zainal Mustafa Cluster is located in Cikalong Wetan. The methodological framework adopted for this study encompasses both descriptive and verification methodologies, employing quantitative research techniques. The demographic scope of this investigation encompasses all elementary school educators affiliated with the KH. Zainal Mustafa Cluster in Cikalong Wetan comprises a total of nine educational institutions and includes 91 teaching professionals. The sampling methodology in this research utilises a non-probability sampling technique, precisely a saturated sampling approach, thereby ensuring that every individual within the population is included in the sample. The outcomes derived from the descriptive analysis reveal that the variable of emotional intelligence is categorised as high, the variable of competence is classified as good, and the variable of teacher performance is also designated as exemplary. The findings derived from the partial determination assessment indicated that the emotional intelligence variable exerted an influence of 22.4% on the performance of educators, whereas competence demonstrated a 24.7% effect on educator performance; when considered concurrently, the combined impact of emotional intelligence and competence on teacher performance was observed to be 40%. The outcomes of the hypothesis testing revealed that, in isolation, both the emotional intelligence and competency variables exhibited a statistically significant effect on teacher performance, characterised by a positive direction of influence; furthermore, it was determined that collectively, the emotional intelligence and competency variables significantly impacted the teacher performance within the KH. Zainal Mustafa Cluster is located in Cikalong Wetan.
School Principal Leadership and Sustainable Governance: A Systematic Review of International Practices
Authors: Rachmadio R. Edy , Joko  , Lastriyani Indri , Nugraha Derry
Published: December 2024

This study examines the role of school principal leadership in sustainable school governance through a comprehensive multi-national literature review. The research analyzes leadership practices, challenges, and success factors across different cultural and economic contexts to identify universal principles and context-specific elements of effective school governance. Using a systematic literature review methodology following PRISMA guidelines, the study reviewed peer-reviewed articles, books, and official reports published between 2014 and 2024 from major academic databases. The findings reveal five key themes: leadership characteristics and competencies, contextual adaptations, sustainable governance practices, challenges and solutions, and the impact of external factors. Results indicate that successful sustainable school governance requires principals to balance universal leadership principles with local contextual adaptations while developing strong digital leadership capabilities and stakeholder engagement skills. The study contributes to educational leadership theory and practice by providing evidence-based insights for leadership development programs and policy formation. Furthermore, it highlights the evolving nature of school leadership challenges in the post-pandemic era and the importance of adaptive leadership approaches.
The Health Economics of Life Expectancy
Authors: Ogungbenle Gbenga , Ogwu Kingsley Joel , Ogungbenle Oluwatoyin Gladys
Published: December 2024

For a life office, the potential deviations from the mortality assumptions applied in premium setting at the time of incepting contracts represents serious threats to its financial performance when underwriting life insurance policies including annuities. Furthermore, in view of  the uncertainties associated with the complete expectation of life evolving from the inadequately modelled life expectancy as a form of mortality risk indicator, this study explores the CMI’s generalized Makeham’s mortality law which would be advantageous to compute complete life expectancies. When continuous parsimonious parametric mortality intensities are Makehamized, then the limiting value of the continuous whole life annuity function is construed to mean the complete life expectancy which is expressed in line with special functions such as incomplete upper gamma function for a homogeneous insured population. In this study, the objective are to (i) construct actuarial estimation of individual’s time remaining through single life parameterization from GM(1,2) (ii) construct closed form expressions for complete life expectancy using the properties of the special functions as applicable in classical mortality dynamics. To circumvent the need for any rigorous numerical procedures, the advanced technique of the Gradshteyn and Ryzhik’s analytic integral is applied in computing the complete life expectancies. From our results, it is apparent that ex(male)< ex(female). Specifically, within the interval 111<x<119 for women, there is a sharp decrease in complete life expectancies whereas for men within the interval 75<x<119, life expectancies sharply decrease confirming earlier exposure of men to mortality risk.
Centella asiatica: A Comprehensive Pharmacological Review of its Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Ankita Chougala , Priya Shetti , Shreya Mesta , Spoorti Patil , Deepa Mane
Published: December 2024

Centella asiatica, also referred to as gotu kola, is a well-known medicinal herb that has been used for more than 3,000 years in Chinese and ancient Indian Ayurvedic medicine. It has recently attracted interest from all around the world due to its several medicinal advantages. The pharmacological characteristics, chemical makeup, and therapeutic uses of Centella asiatica are examined in this paper. The plant, which is abundant in bioactive substances like triterpenoids and saponins, has strong anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anticonvulsant, and antioxidant properties. Among other advantages, its medicinal potential includes improving memory, reducing anxiety, and encouraging wound healing. Although its natural sources make it a desirable therapeutic alternative, the way it is administered and the patient's specific medical condition will determine its safety and efficacy. The IUCN has classified CA as endangered due to the alarming loss in its natural populations caused by uncontrolled exploitation. This underlines how urgently sustainable farming methods and more study are required to properly realize its therapeutic potential.
Eco-Flame Shield: Formulating a Hybrid Fire Retardant Coating Using Carbonized Rice Husk Ash, Carbonized Coconut Coir Ash, and Sodium Silicate
Authors: Kimberly D Custodio , Stephanie L Rellona , Janelle D Rosales Lyka , Louis G Lazaro Bryan
Published: December 2024

This research is a quasi-experimental study that experimented and tested the effectiveness of using carbonized rice husk ash (CRHA), carbonized coconut coir ash (CCCA), and sodium silicate (SS) in developing and formulating an eco-friendly hybrid fire retardant coating that slows down fire spread, provides a non-harmful alternative to conventional fire retardants, and promotes practical solutions and fire safety measures in various applications, benefiting the environment, community, and public safety. Through experimental tests, such as Time to Ignition, Flame Spread, and Flammability tests, the necessary data were collected, analyzed, and interpreted using a quantitative approach. The results concluded that treated wood Sample 3, formulated with 10% carbonized rice husk ash (CRHA), 15% carbonized coconut coir ash (CCCA), and 75% sodium silicate (SS), was the most effective formulation compared to the other treated wood samples (Sample 1 and Sample 2) and the untreated wood sample (Sample 4). The formulated fire-retardant coating demonstrated promising results as an effective solution, reducing waste and dependence on harmful chemicals. Its potential applications extended to textiles and construction, offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative. Further research was recommended to explore controlled application methods and to broaden the understanding of this eco-friendly hybrid fire retardant coating, promoting wider adoption and contributing to both environmental sustainability and economic viability.
Evolution of the Population's Perception of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Town of Mbujimayi between the Beginning the End of the Pandemic
Authors: Shamuana Roger Kamwema , Tshiaba Felly Kazadi , Mbakilayi Florent Tshitenga , Mbuyi David Mpoyi , Mubiayi Godefroid Cibangu , Yombo Alidor Mbangila , Katende Didier Mubenga , Katulondi Séraphin Binene , Muamba Joel Kabamba , Lumbala Antipas Mulumba , Mukendi Paul Ciamala
Published: December 2024

Objective
To explore the evolution of the perception of the population of the city of Mbujimayi regarding the COVID-19 pandemic between its beginning and its end.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from December 1 to 15, 2022 among the population of the City of Mbujimayi eligible for the inclusion criteria. The face-to-face interview technique with people using a structured questionnaire was used to collect information.
Results
345 subjects were interviewed, the majority of whom were female (56.52%), mostly single (51.3%). All of the subjects interviewed had already heard of COVID-19. The majority had been informed by radio/television (96.52%). At the start of the pandemic, 53.91% thought that COVID-19 was a mystical disease. At the end of the pandemic, 80.87% of respondents thought that COVID-19 was a disease with a well-defined cause. In relation to the origin at the beginning of the pandemic, 36.52% thought that the disease was transmitted by respiratory aerosol and 24.92% thought that the disease was sexually transmitted. At the end of the pandemic, 95.07% and 92.17% thought respectively that the disease was transmitted directly between humans and by respiratory aerosol. At the beginning of the pandemic, 80.57% thought that the application of barrier measures was difficult and 52.40% considered the application of barrier measures unnecessary. This situation completely changed at the end of the pandemic where 91.59% of respondents considered barrier measures easy to apply and only 9.56% of subjects persisted in believing that the application of barrier measures was of no importance. Considering the positivity towards Covid 19, 93.04% and 91.29% respectively believed that the case should be concealed, especially if it is a close relative, and that they should keep their distance. At the end of the pandemic, 94.19% and 68.41% respectively believed that the suspected case should be taken to the hospital or the emergency services should be called.
Conclusion
As a conclusion, the perception of the population of Mbujimayi towards Covid 19 has changed positively as reliable information reached the population.
Knowledge Regarding Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Among Women in a Selected Rural Area of Manesar, Haryana
Authors: Bahadur Singh Shamsher , Kumari Manisha , . Priyanka , . Bhumika , Nanu Nani , Kumar Nandkishor , Bharti Komal , Kumar Ajit , Kumari Sanjna , Selvam S Dinesh
Published: December 2024

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a common viral disease with potential to cause serious health complications, including cervical cancer. This descriptive study aimed to assess the knowledge of HPV among women in the rural area of Baghanki, Manesar, Haryana. Data were collected from 50 women aged 20–60 years using a structured questionnaire. Results revealed that 66% demonstrated average knowledge, while 6% had good knowledge, and 28% exhibited poor or very poor understanding. The findings emphasize the need for targeted health education programs to improve HPV awareness and vaccination uptake in rural populations.
Determination of Depth to Magnetic Sources using Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) of High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Data of Esie, North central Nigeria: An Investigation tool for Geothermal Exploration
Authors: Nathaniel Alao Kehinde , Peter Oladejo Olagoke , Olasunkanmi Suleman Kamaldeen , Mary Adedokun Omonike , Oluwadamilare Adeniyi Emmanuel , Otobrise Henry , Ayobami Sunmonu Lukman
Published: December 2024

The High-Resolution Aeromagnetic data of Ilorin (sheet 223) and Osi (sheet 224) of Esie, North central Nigeria was analyzed using source parameter imaging (SPI). The aim of the analyses was to determine the depth to magnetic sources which is based on the total magnetic intensity (TMI) map of the study area and to ascertain whether the study area has a good geothermal potential. The area under study is situated between latitudes 8.0833 and longitudes 4.7333 and it covers an area of 43 km .The results of the analysis indicate that the deepest and the shallowest magnetic sources are about 1250 m and 20 m respectively. The deepest magnetic sources represent the magnetic basement and the shallow magnetic sources represent sedimentary layer. A significant variation is observed in the sedimentary thickness and this is shown to be dipping almost parts of the study area, thereby gives the basement a rugged topography. The interpreted SPI showed that the study area is a shallow depth to basement sedimentary basin area. Hence, further exploration of geothermal potential is recommended.
Developed Core Competencies of Accountancy Students in Blended Learning
Authors: Santos Sherwin , Laforteza Bea Cazharelle , Kyle Miranda Bernadette , Verily Lachica Love Joy , Ann Otic Leigh
Published: December 2024

Design/Methodology/Approach
The paper opted for a descriptive study using the theoretical framework for accountants as a foundation to achieve the objectives of identifying the developed core competencies on the aspect of knowledge, skills, and values among graduating accounting students of Central Luzon State University, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The questionnaires are composed of statements on core competencies and adapted from the Core Competency Framework of the Philippine Accountancy Profession. Descriptive statistics was utilized from the gathered online surveys to validate the interpretation of the findings. Cramer’s V and Pearson Correlation Coefficient Analysis were employed to identify the significant variables as reliability tests.
Purpose
The study aims to determine the core competencies developed by graduating accountancy students in terms of their knowledge, skills, and values in their future profession. Understanding these core competencies will enable policy-makers to assess the readiness of students prior to taking the state-board examinations for accountants which is construed to be one of the toughest licensure examinations in the country. This will also ensure appropriateness of policies, assess amendments, if necessary, gauge aspects that hinder learning growth and holistic development.
Research Limitations/Implications
Because of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalizability among all accountancy students. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.
Practical Implications
The paper includes implications for the development of a stereotype of developed core competencies among all accountancy students that would create either positively or negatively impact decisions to be made by policy-makers.
Originality/Value
This paper fulfills an identified need to study how policies can be revised, reformed, and/or amended to ensure full learning and development of competencies will be at par with the needs of the accountancy profession.
Discourse of Ecological Damage as a State Financial Loss: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Hartanto Ponco , Wijaya Subagio Gigih , Chancy Riamy
Published: December 2024

This study examines the prevailing focal point in Indonesia's public discourse, recognizing that corruption offenses significantly influence economic conditions and social dynamics. Notably, in the context of combating corruption in Indonesia, there exists a discourse that acknowledges ecological and environmental losses as forms of state financial losses. This perspective consequently paves the way for categorizing every environmental crime as a potential corruption offense. This study employs a normative legal framework, utilizing case law, statutory analysis, and conceptual methodologies. The research findings indicate that framing ecological loss as a financial detriment to the state is plausible. In instances of corruption leading to environmental degradation and the depletion of natural resources, the assessment of environmental damage must be integrated into the broader context of state losses or the state's overall economy. Ultimately, it is inevitable that the government will be responsible for all expenses associated with reinstating the function and significance of the environment as a matter of public interest that requires preservation
PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI PEREMPUAN DENGAN PELATIHAN PEMBUATANANEKA PANGAN FUNGSIONAL BERBAHAN BAKU DAGING ITIK PETELUR AFKIR PADA KELOMPOK PETANI DI DESA LANGALESO KECAMATAN DOLO KABUPATEN SIGI
Authors: Rusdi Rusdi , Hasanuddin Asriani , Fatmawati Hi. , Gobel Minarny
Published: December 2024

Daging itik (afkir) dapat diperoleh dari itik petelur yang sudah tidak berproduksi lagi, atau berasal dari itik pejantan yang sudah tua, sehingga pada umumnya mempunyai daging yang alot dan keras. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan aparat Desa dan pengurus kelompok petani perempuan di desa Langgaleso Kecamatan Dolo, didapatkan berbagai macam persoalan diantaranya kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai pengolahan bahan pangan fungsional berbahan baku daging itik yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi keluarga serta memenuhi kebutuhan gizi masyarakat. Luaran yang dihasilkan sesuai target dari kegiatan ini adalah: Keterampilan perempuan mitra dalam alih teknologi pembuatan aneka pangan fungsional Berbahan Baku Daging Itik Afkir, serta info lewat media. Kelompok sasaran pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat adalah kelompok usaha ternak itik, yang pesertanya sebanyak 30 orang. Bentuk kegiatan yang telah dilakukan adalah realisasi program pengabdian ini meliputi Sosialisasi, Survei Lapangan, Pelatihan dan Demonstrasi Pembuatan produk, serta Monitoring dan Evaluasi Hasil. Hasil yang dicapai adalah terjadinya transfer ilmu pengetahuan tentang pembuatan Aneka pangan fungsional berbahan baku daging itik.
Incarcerated Littre’s Hernia in a Child: A Case Report
Authors:   Consultant Paediatric Urologist & Minimal Access Paediatric Surgeon, Bhailal Amin General Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India., Vivek Viswanathan
Published: December 2024

Littre’s hernia is an extremely rare type of hernia which has Meckel’s diverticulum as its content. A 5-year-old child, presented to the Emergency room (ER) with chief complaints of swelling and pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen and groin. The patient was diagnosed with an incarcerated right inguinal hernia following inspection and palpation. Following the emergency herniotomy, the intraoperative finding revealed an incarcerated Littre’s hernia (Meckel’s diverticulum within hernial sac). The patient underwent open Meckel’s diverticulectomy with herniotomy. Preoperative diagnosis of Littre’s hernia is less likely, especially in children given it’s low incidence and lack of specific clinical findings or radiological features. Ultrasound and/or Computed tomography scan are important tools helping to differentiate between strangulated or incarcerated bowel and omentum and to decide on the urgency of operative management.
KEYWORDS: Littre’s hernia, incarcerated hernia; Meckel’s diverticulum, child.
Clinical Practices of Antimicrobial Drugs in Various Hospital-Acquired Infections- A Review Article
Authors:   PharmD Intern, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India., Bhaskar Pandey  , Preeti Yadav  ,   PharmD Intern, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India., Praveen Kumar Dubey  ,   Clinical Pharmacologist Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Dr LH Hiranandani Hospital Mumbai Maharashtra, India., Jagdish Kakadiya  ,   Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
Published: December 2024

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a significant concern in healthcare settings, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Effective management of HAIs relies on appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This research paper aims to review the current clinical practices of antimicrobial drugs in various types of HAIs, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), surgical site infections (SSIs), and bloodstream infections (BSIs). By examining the latest evidence-based guidelines, this paper provides insights into the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial therapy for different HAIs. It also explores the challenges associated with antimicrobial stewardship and the role of multidisciplinary approaches in optimizing patient outcomes while minimizing antimicrobial resistance. Effective management of bacterial infections relies on selecting appropriate antimicrobial drugs, considering factors like infection type, severity, local resistance, and patient characteristics. Gram-positive bacteria are treated with drugs like penicillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin for pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and MRSA. Gram-negative bacteria are targeted using beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and polymyxins for organisms like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Atypical bacteria like Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are susceptible to macrolides and tetracyclines. Anaerobic bacteria, including Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium difficile, are treated with metronidazole, while aerobic bacteria like Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus may require fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams. Antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential for responsible antibiotic use, minimizing resistance development, and improving patient outcomes.
KEYWORDS: hospital-acquired infections, antimicrobial drugs, clinical practices, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, bloodstream infections.
A Study on Pharmacovigilance in the Hospitalized Pediatric Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy Practice, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research. Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 391760, Vedant Sheth  , Dhaval Chauhan  ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research. Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 391760, Ganesh Sharma  ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research. Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 391760, S P Srinivas Nayak  ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research. Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 391760.
Published: December 2024

Pharmacovigilance is a critical aspect of public health, aiming to detect, assess, understand, and prevent adverse effects and other drug-related issues. It plays a pivotal role not only in the development phase of medications but also in post-marketing surveillance, ensuring ongoing safety and efficacy. In India, the Pharmacovigilance Programme (PvPI) spearheaded by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) aims to safeguard public health by collating and analyzing data to inform regulatory interventions and communicate risks to healthcare professionals and the public. The classification of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) based on types and severity provides a framework for understanding and managing these occurrences. Additionally, factors predisposing individuals to ADRs, such as drug-related, social, patient-related, and disease-related factors, are crucial considerations in pharmacovigilance efforts. Furthermore, understanding drug interactions, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, combined toxicity, additive effects, synergistic effects, and antagonistic interactions, is essential in optimizing therapy and minimizing risks to patients. Overall, pharmacovigilance is indispensable in ensuring the rational use of medicines and optimizing patient outcomes while safeguarding public health.
KEYWORDS: Pharmacovigilance, Pediatric, PvPI, Adverse drug reaction.
Trend Bisnis Digital UMKM Hampers dan Gift Mooi Bucket : Implementasi Strategi Pemasaran Digital Pendampingan Kewirausahaan di Kota Malang
Authors: Dyah Ayu Dwi Kusumaingrum  , Indah Adawiyyah  , Agus Hermawan
Published: December 2024

Digital business transformation has become one of the main necessities for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to compete in the modern era. This research discusses implementing digital marketing strategies through an entrepreneurship mentoring program for Mooi Gift MSMEs, which focuses on hampers and gift products in Malang. The methods used include individual approaches, training, and rebranding, to improve operational efficiency, digitalizing bookkeeping, and optimizing digital marketing. The mentoring results include the creation of e-commerce accounts, social media rebranding, digital financial management training, and website development to expand market reach. The findings indicate that digital marketing strategies can enhance SMEs' visibility and competitiveness while positively impacting product sales and branding. This study recommends continuously monitoring and developing digital marketing strategies so MSMEs can constantly adapt to market dynamics.
Upaya guru dalam Mengembangkan Keterampilan komunikasi anak dengan Speech Delay di TK Nurul Bilad
Authors: Ayunda Puja
Published: December 2024

Speech delays can hinder children's social interaction and emotional development, making teacher intervention essential. Through a qualitative research approach, this study reveals teachers' strategies for developing communication in children with speech delay at the early childhood education level. The subjects in this study amounted to 3 children aged 5 years. The research was conducted at Nurul Bilad Kindergarten for 12 months. Data were collected using observation, interview and documentation study techniques. Data analysis used the stages of Miles & Huberman, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured by researcher persistence, member check, and triangulation. The results of the study showed that the active involvement of teachers in monitoring and supporting children's communication processes not only improved their speaking skills, but also increased their self-confidence and social interaction. Data triangulation used multiple data sources including interviews, documents and observations to verify the information. Thus, the role of teachers is crucial in helping children with speech delay to adapt and thrive in their social context. The findings are expected to provide insights for educators and parents in supporting children's communication development.
Etkinlik Temelli Erken Müdahale Programları
Authors: Yalın Ayşen
Published: December 2024

Erken müdahale uygulamaları, 0-3 yaş arasında bulunan çocukların, içerisindeki bulundukları yaş grubuna ait gelişimsel becerilerde kendi akranlarından daha farklı bir gelişim göstermeleri neticesinde risk altında olmaları ya da gelişimsel yetersizlik tanısı almaları sonucunda gelişimlerine katkıda bulunmak ve ailelerine rehberlik hizmeti sağlamak adına farklı uzmanlık alanlarındaki profesyoneller ile gerçekleştirilen müdahaledir. Erken müdahale uygulamalarında, çocukların günlük işlevlerinin ve alışkanlıklarının kullanımına dair ilkelere vurgu yapılmıştır. Bu erken müdahale tipleri, etkinlik temelli (activity based), rutin temelli (routines based), katılım temelli (participation-based) ve öğrenme fırsatları (learning opportunites) başlıkları altında uygulanmaktadır. Etkinlik temelli müdahaleler, çocukların doğal ortamlarında anne-babaları, bakım verenleri ile etkileşimlerinin arttırılması, gelişimsel geriliği veya riski bulunan küçük çocukların becerilerinin erişebilecekleri en üst noktaya ulaştırılması, anne-babaların veya bakım verenlerinin streslerinin azaltılması, çocuklarının gelişimlerini destekleme konusunda bilgilendirilmesi ve rehberlik edilmesi adına geliştirilmiş programlardır. Etkinlik odaklı yaklaşım modelinde, çocuğun gelişimsel hedeflerine yönelik öğrenim fırsatları, çocuk odaklı gerçek, günlük ve planlı faaliyetlere entegre edilir. Bu sayede gerçekleşen doğal faaliyetler, küçük çocuklara geniş bir uygulama fırsatları çeşitliliği yaratmaktadır.
Analysing Winter Olympic Medals Through Economic Variables: A Comprehensive Examination
Authors: Aygün Murat , Savaş Yunus
Published: December 2024

The impact of economic development holds considerable significance across various domains, including the realm of sports, which has been extensively explored in existing literature. To establish this relationship between Olympic performance and economic factors, an examination was conducted on the medals obtained by countries during Winter Olympic Games spanning the game period from 1960 to 2018. The results of the Pedroni cointegration test signify the presence of a robust co-integration relationship across all test statistics conducted The Panel ARDL analysis reveals that Real GDP emerges as the singular influential factor affecting countries' medal scores in the long term, achieving statistical significance at the 1% level. Additionally, labor compensation exerts a discernible impact, albeit at a 10% significance level. Notably, in the short term, none of these variables exhibit any influence on medal scores, a finding corroborated by the results from the panel PMG analysis. Furthermore, among all variables examined, only Real GDP demonstrates Granger causality concerning medal scores. In contrast, none of the other variables exhibit a Granger causative relationship with medal scores. This profound insight underscores the specific and substantial role played by Real GDP in shaping the dynamics of medal scores, highlighting its unique influence on medal success.