bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell Microenvironment Engineering and Monitoring for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: The Recent Advances
Authors: Barthes Julien , Özçelik Hayriye , Hindié Mathilde , Ndreu-Halili Albana , Hasan Anwarul , Vrana Nihal Engin
Published: July 2014

In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the conditions in the immediate vicinity of the cells have a direct effect on cells’ behaviour and subsequently on clinical outcomes. Physical, chemical, and biological control of cell microenvironment are of crucial importance for the ability to direct and control cell behaviour in 3-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds spatially and temporally. In this review, we will focus on the different aspects of cell microenvironment such as surface micro-, nanotopography, extracellular matrix composition and distribution, controlled release of soluble factors, and mechanical stress/strain conditions and how these aspects and their interactions can be used to achieve a higher degree of control over cellular activities. The effect of these parameters on the cellular behaviour within tissue engineering context is discussed and how these parameters are used to develop engineered tissues is elaborated. Also, recent techniques developed for the monitoring of the cell microenvironmentin vitroandin vivoare reviewed, together with recent tissue engineering applications where the control of cell microenvironment has been exploited. Cell microenvironment engineering and monitoring are crucial parts of tissue engineering efforts and systems which utilize different components of the cell microenvironment simultaneously can provide more functional engineered tissues in the near future.
The Impact of Mobile TradeManager on Fashion Product Sales: From Usability Perspective
Authors: Liu Zilong , Liu Zhenhua , Min Qingfei
Published: July 2014

The competition in fashion and textiles (FTs) industry is strong. Enterprises have to compete at all levels and need to adapt to the mobile commerce (MC) context. Mobile TradeManager (MTM) is a typical MC application and good use of it will facilitate the sales of FTs products. Plenty of prior studies on MC were developed to discuss the subjective beliefs. Motivated by the research that appeals for more attention to IT artifact itself, this paper integrates the system usability of MC into the behavioral model. To this end, the purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to identify the impact of MTM usability on consumers’ online shopping behavior of FTs production, and (b) to explore and understand how usability of MTM could be improved. Data analysis, based on a survey of 837 MTM users, reveals that perceived entertainment, MTM system usability, subjective norm, and consumer’s self‐efficacy significantly affect individual’s intention to use MTM. Meanwhile, it is revealed that MTM usability is a joint function of mobile device’s system performance, WAP website’s design, and the characteristics of wireless communication networks.
Determination of the Total Mass of Antioxidant Substances and Antioxidant Capacity per Unit Mass in Serum Using Redox Titration
Authors: Zhang Meijuan , Liu Na , Liu Hui
Published: July 2014

Objective. Total antioxidant capacity in serum is determined by the total mass of antioxidant substances and the antioxidant capacity per unit mass (average activity). The purpose of this study was to develop a method to determine the mass of antioxidant substances and average activity in human serum. Methods. Specimens of serum were collected from 100 subjects each from two different age groups: over 75 years old and 20–40 years old. The test serum was diluted into a series of concentrations, following which standard oxidation agents (KMnO4 for potassium permanganate method and I2 for iodimetry) were added to each concentration of serum, and the absorbance of the mixture (optical density, OD) was measured. The OD value and logarithm of dilution factor (lgT) at the end of the titration were obtained, from which the lgT could be considered as mass of antioxidant substances (M). Total antioxidant capacity (Ta) was calculated with the equation Ta = 100/(OD1 + 2 * OD2 + 2 * OD3 + 2 * OD4 + OD5), and average activity (A) was calculated as A = Ta/M. Results. The potassium permanganate method generated similar results to the iodimetric method. Compared with the younger group, total antioxidant capacity in the over-75-year age group was found to be significantly reduced, along with a decrease in the mass of antioxidant substances and average activity levels in human serum. Conclusions. The approach described in this paper is suitable for determining the average activity and mass of antioxidant substances in human serum.
Fatty Acid Composition of the Muscle Lipids of Five Fish Species in Işıklı and Karacaören Dam Lake, Turkey
Authors: Citil Ozcan Baris , Kalyoncu Leyla , Kahraman Oguzhan
Published: July 2014

Total fatty acid composition of muscle lipids in some fish species (Cyprinus carpio(Işıklı Dam Lake),Tinca tinca(Işıklı Dam Lake),Scardinius erythrophthalmus(Işıklı Dam Lake),Cyprinus carpio(Karacaören Dam Lake), andCarassius carassius(Karacaören Dam Lake)) was determined by gas chromatography. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ofCyprinus carpio(Işıklı Dam Lake) were found higher than PUFA of other species. Palmitic acid was the highest saturated fatty acid (SFA) inTinca tinca(24.64%). Oleic acid was the highest monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs) inCyprinus carpio(Işıklı Dam Lake) (19.25%). The most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid inScardinius erythrophthalmuswas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (17.94%). Totalω3 fatty acid composition was higher than the totalω6 fatty acids ofCyprinus carpioin both dam lakes.ω3/ω6 rates inCyprinus carpio(Işıklı Dam Lake),Tinca tinca, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Cyprinus carpio(Karacaören), andCarassius carassiuswere 2.12, 1.19, 2.15, 2.87, and 2.82, respectively.
An Improved Extended Information Filter SLAM Algorithm Based on Omnidirectional Vision
Authors: Wang Jingchuan , Chen Weidong
Published: July 2014

In the SLAM application, omnidirectional vision extracts wide scale information and more features from environments. Traditional algorithms bring enormous computational complexity to omnidirectional vision SLAM. An improved extended information filter SLAM algorithm based on omnidirectional vision is presented in this paper. Based on the analysis of structure a characteristics of the information matrix, this algorithm improves computational efficiency. Considering the characteristics of omnidirectional images, an improved sparsification rule is also proposed. The sparse observation information has been utilized and the strongest global correlation has been maintained. So the accuracy of the estimated result is ensured by using proper sparsification of the information matrix. Then, through the error analysis, the error caused by sparsification can be eliminated by a relocation method. The results of experiments show that this method makes full use of the characteristic of repeated observations for landmarks in omnidirectional vision and maintains great efficiency and high reliability in mapping and localization.
Seasonal Effects in a Lake Sediment Archaeal Community of the Brazilian Savanna
Authors: Rodrigues Thiago , Catão Elisa , Bustamante Mercedes M. C. , Quirino Betania F. , Kruger Ricardo H. , Kyaw Cynthia M.
Published: July 2014

The Cerrado is a biome that corresponds to 24% of Brazil’s territory. Only recently microbial communities of this biome have been investigated. Here we describe for the first time the diversity of archaeal communities from freshwater lake sediments of the Cerrado in the dry season and in the transition period between the dry and rainy seasons, when the first rains occur. Gene libraries were constructed, usingArchaea-specific primers for the 16S rRNA andamoAgenes. Analysis revealed marked differences between the archaeal communities found in the two seasons. I.1a and I.1c Thaumarchaeota were found in greater numbers in the transition period, while MCGArchaeawas dominant on the dry season. Methanogens were only found in the dry season. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequences revealed lower diversity on the transition period. We detected archaealamoAsequences in both seasons, but there were more OTUs during the dry season. These sequences were within the same cluster asNitrosotalea devanaterra’s amoAgene. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) test revealed significant differences between samples from different seasons. These results provide information on archaeal diversity in freshwater lake sediments of the Cerrado and indicates that rain is likely a factor that impacts these communities.
Heteroring Annulated Benzimidazolinone Condensed Azepinone Derivatives: A New Class of Highly Potent Antioxidants
Authors: Garg Neha , Jain Priyanka , Kishore D.
Published: July 2014

A new class of benzimidazolinone condensed azepinone derivatives annulated on its face “d” with pyrazole, isoxazole, pyrimidine, benzodiazepine, and benzothiazepine nucleus in 3–8, respectively, have been evaluated for their antioxidant activity by DPPH method. Results indicate these to belong to a novel class of highly potent antioxidant agents.
A Boundary Value Problem for Bihypermonogenic Functions in Clifford Analysis
Authors: Bian Xiaoli , Qiao Yuying
Published: July 2014

This paper deals with a nonlinear boundary value problem for bihypermonogenic functions in Clifford analysis. The integrals of quasi-Cauchy’s type and Plemelj formula for bihypermonogenic functions are firstly reviewed briefly. The nonlinear Riemmann boundary value problem for bihypermonogenic functions is discussed and the existence of solutions is obtained, which also indicates that the linear boundary value problem has a unique solution.
Nonfluoroscopic Catheter Visualization in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Sommer Philipp , Rolf Sascha , Piorkowski Christopher , Gaspar Thomas , Huo Yan , Piedra Carlos , Richter Sergio , Bollmann Andreas , Arya Arash , Hindricks Gerhard
Published: July 2014

Background—

A technological platform (MediGuide) has been recently introduced for nonfluoroscopic catheter tracking. No data on the safety of this technology are yet available in a large cohort of patients.

Methods and Results—

Data from a prospective ablation registry were analyzed. All patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation procedures supported by nonfluoroscopic catheter visualization technology were included. Patient characteristics and procedural data and complications within the first 3 months were recorded. Between May 2012 and February 2014, a total of 375 patients underwent atrial fibrillation ablation using nonfluoroscopic catheter visualization technology. The patients were predominantly men (68%); the majority were ablated for the first time (71%); left atrium was 43±6 mm; and left ventricular function was normal (59±9%). The median ablation procedure time was 135 (113–170) minutes, median fluoroscopy time 2.8 (1.5–4.4) minutes, and median radiation dose 789 (470–1466) cGy*cm
2
. Regression analysis demonstrated a significant decrease of fluoroscopy time, dose, and procedure time. To confirm the result and show overall changes, the initial 50 cases (group 1) to the last 50 cases (group 2) of the series were compared: fluoroscopy time decreased from 6.0 (4.1–10.3) minutes in group 1 to 1.1 (0.7–1.5) minutes in group 2 and radiation dose from 2363 (1413–3475) to 490 (230–654) cGy*cm
2
, respectively. Ten patients (2.7%) experienced complications: 5 cardiac tamponades (1.4%), 4 pseudoaneurysms (1.1%), and 1 stroke (0.3%).

Conclusions—

Atrial fibrillation ablation using the nonfluoroscopic catheter visualization technology is safe with a rate of complications of 2.7%. Procedure time (135 minutes) is not prolonged. A dramatic reduction in fluoroscopy time and dose was achieved.
Large-diameter titanium dioxide nanotube arrays as a scattering layer for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Guo Min , Cao Jianjun , Lin Jia , Tsang Yuen Hong , Chen Xianfeng , Huang Haitao
Published: July 2014

Large-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays with an outer diameter of approximately 500 nm have been successfully synthesized by potentiostatic anodization at 180 V in a used electrolyte with the addition of 1.5 M lactic acid. It is found that the synthesized large-diameter TiO2 nanotube array shows a superior light scattering ability, which can be used as a light scattering layer to significantly enhance the efficiency of TiO2 nanoparticle-based dye-sensitized solar cells from 5.18% to 6.15%. The remarkable light scattering ability makes the large-diameter TiO2 nanotube array a promising candidate for light management in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Kinetic study by UV Spectrophotometry of Carzol degradation in aqueous medium
Authors: Bakhti Hayet , Ben Hamida Najib
Published: July 2014

This paper deals with the kinetic hydrolysis in aqueous media of Carzol or (E) 3-dimethylamino- methyleneaminophenyl-N-methylcarbamate hydrochloride. The Carzol is a bifunctional compound which belongs to the chemical families formamidine and carbamate. This work is carried out by UV Spectrophotometry. The successive determination of 3-aminophenyl-N-methylcarbamate and 3-aminophenol, as the mainproducts of the formamidine and the carbamate groups of Carzol hydrolysis gives evidence for the significant reactivity of this insecticide-acaricide in aqueous media. The obtained negative activation entropy Î”Sâ‰  = - 32.39 J mol-1K-1 indicates a BAC2 mechanism involving bimolecular collapse of the formamidine group of Carzol. While, the obtained positive activation entropy Î”Sâ‰  = +100.24J mol-1 K-1and the absence of basic general catalysis indicate an E1cB mechanism involving unimolecular collapse of the carbamate group of Carzol via a methylisocyanate intermediate.
“But an Echo”?: Claude Martin, Marie de l’Incarnation, and Female Religious Identity in Seventeenth-Century New France
Authors: Dunn Mary
Published: July 2014

Claude Martin’s Vie de la Vénérable Mère Marie de l’Incarnation claims to reproduce so faithfully Marie de l’Incarnation’s spiritual autobiography that Claude’s voice in the text is “but an echo” of his mother’s own. A close reading, however, suggests that Claude so dominates the account of his mother’s life that the Vie emerges as an instance of hagiography and apology that renders Marie the model of the Counter-Reformation saint, the paradigm of post-Tridentine Catholic devotion, and the obedient daughter of a patriarchal ecclesiastical hierarchy in an effort to draw the boundaries of female religious identity in early-modern New France.
Sony and Local-Language Productions: Conglomerate Hollywood’s Strategy of Flexible Localization for the Global Film Market
Authors: Donoghue Courtney Brannon
Published: July 2014

Since the 1990s, Sony Pictures Entertainment’s local-language production unit has coproduced films with local partners outside of the English-language market. This strategy serves as a turning point toward industrywide local specialization and global expansion for conglomerate Hollywood. Based on trade publications, field research, and industry interviews, this article explores the multifaceted nature of Sony’s attempt to operate what I call a "flexible localization strategy" in the Brazilian and Spanish film markets. To adapt to a vastly changing industrial climate, contemporary media conglomerates are reimagining media geographies and localization efforts. These strategies challenge earlier understandings of an all-powerful global Hollywood by revealing internal friction across conflicting institutional priorities, industrial practices, and local cultures of production and management.
The Maidan and Beyond: The House That Yanukovych Built
Authors: Kudelia Serhiy
Published: July 2014

Abstract: Former Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych’s misrule, the popular reaction against it, and the manner of his downfall disrupted the very foundations of Ukraine’s still nascent and defective state. While in office, Yanukovych’s greed for power and wealth proved devastating to both him and his country. In order to grasp the reasons for the destructive effect of Yanukovych’s presidency, one needs to look at the way in which he reconfigured Ukraine’s political regime and the strategies that he adopted to maintain power.
V-Dem: A New Way to Measure Democracy
Authors: Lindberg Staffan I. , Coppedge Michael , Gerring John , Teorell Jan
Published: July 2014

In the last few decades, Western governments have spent huge sums of money to promote democracy abroad. We do not know which, if any, of these programs actually work. If we cannot measure democracy in sufficient detail and with the necessary nuance, we cannot mark its progress and setbacks or affect its future course. While distinguishing the most democratic countries from the least democratic ones is fairly easy, it has proven to be much harder to make finer distinctions. Here we present a new effort aimed at measuring democracy, the Varieties of Democracy Project (V-Dem).
The Maidan and Beyond: Ukraine’s Radical Right
Authors: Shekhovtsov Anton , Umland Andreas
Published: July 2014

Abstract: Thanks largely to the Kremlin’s information war, Ukraine’s ultranationalists have become global media stars of a sort, depicted in Western and other reports as key players in Ukraine’s third major political upheaval in less than a quarter-century. How do we explain the paradox of ultranationalist parties becoming involved in a protest movement whose thrust is toward greater integration between Ukraine and the European Union? And are the fears that swirl around these parties justified? The most obvious explanation for the Ukrainian far right’s ardent participation in the EuroMaidan may be found in the primary goal shared by all Ukrainian nationalists, radical and moderate alike: to liberate Kyiv from the Kremlin’s hegemony.
The End of the Transitions Era?
Authors: Plattner Marc F.
Published: July 2014

Thanks to Samuel P. Huntington’s classic study The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century , the 1974 Portuguese Revolution has come to be acknowledged as the starting point of the cascade of transitions that Huntington dubbed democracy’s “third wave.” There may well be new transitions to democracy, but there are also likely to be new reversals that will more or less balance them out. The magnitude of democratic change brought by the third wave—the era par excellence of democratic transitions—is unlikely to be matched in the future.
El Salvador’s Beleauguered Democracy
Authors: Colburn Forrest D. , Cruz S. Arturo
Published: July 2014

Salvadorans went to the polls on 2 February 2014 to select a new president. With current president Mauricio Funes of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) ineligible to run (El Salvador’s constitution prohibits consecutive presidential terms), voters were left to choose among Vice-President Salvador Sánchez Cerén of the FMLN and former San Salvador mayor Norman Quijano of the National Republican Alliance (known as Arena). In an extremely close runoff on March 9, Sánchez Cerén managed to eke out a win against Quijano with 50.1 percent of the vote. The runoff results suggest that El Salvador still remains deeply divided two decades after the end of its civil war. Now Sánchez Cerén must govern a country beset by a feeble economy and rampant violence.
The Context and Contradictions of Kang Kyŏng-ae’s Novel In’gan munje
Authors: Perry Samuel
Published: July 2014

Kang Kyŏng-ae’s canonical novel In’gan munje (1934) is often celebrated as an extraordinary work of feminist writing from colonial Korea that offered a radical critique of patriarchal and bourgeois culture in the Japanese colony. This essay seeks to unsettle several historiographical assumptions often made about Kang’s novel by digging deeper into the set of historical pressures and limits within which Kang was writing in the colonial period, and by examining how she responded to these conditions by challenging and reshaping the aesthetic category of the novel. Demonstrating how Kang’s work is a far more complex and contradictory text than is often acknowledged with regard to questions of gender and class, I shed new light on Kang’s novel in two different but complementary ways, historicizing it within the material context of its serialization, on the one hand, and reading it within the framework of the Western Bildungsroman on the other.
Astronomical Records in the Samguk Sagi during the Three Kingdoms Period: Earliest Times to A.D. 668
Authors: Stephenson F. Richard
Published: July 2014

This article presents a comprehensive investigation of the accuracy and reliability of the astronomical records in the Samguk sagi during the Three Kingdoms period (c. first century B.C. to A.D. 668). Comparison of these records with the results of modern computation is undertaken wherever possible (that is, in the case of eclipses and lunar and planetary movements) and also with analogous reports in the annals of Chinese dynastic histories.
The Performing School: The Effects of Market & Accountability Policies
Authors: Falabella Alejandra
Published: July 2014

Market and accountability educational reforms have proliferated around the globe, along with high expectations of solving countries’ school quality deficits and inequities. In this paper I develop an analytical framework from a critical sociology angle for analyzing the effects of these policies within schools. First I discuss conceptually the configuration of this quasi-market schema and develop the notion of the ‘performing school’. Additionally, I study the effects of these policies within schools, based on a literature review of 130 papers, and focused particularly on a smaller body of critical sociology research (56 papers). The aim is not to produce a comprehensive overview of policy benefits and disadvantages, but to understand school transformations within the current policy scenario. Schools, in this context, are placed within a competition-based schema, where managers and teachers continuously have to compete, marketize and perform ‘successfully’ according to external criterion. These policies are not only changing school practices and triggering 'secondary' effects, but, moreover, they are transforming school life, ethics and teaching profession subjectivities in complex and deeply-rooted ways. In this paper I attempt to challenge policy assumptions and a technocratic view of policy implementation, and invite readers to rethink the nature and consequences of these policy formulae.
Effect of arginine or glutamine supplementation on production, organ weights, interferon gamma, interleukin 6 and antibody titre of broilers
Authors: Szabó József , Andrásofszky Emese , Tuboly Tamás , Bersényi András , Weisz Andrea , Hetényi Nikoletta , Hullár István
Published: July 2014

The objective of this study was designed to test whether supplementation of the diet with arginine (Arg) or glutamine (Gln) or their combination influences the production, organ weights and humoral immune response of broilers. A total of 432 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 6 treatment groups: control, Arg-0.5%, Arg-1%, Gln-0.5%, Gln-1% and Arg-0.5%+Gln-0.5%. Drinking water and feed were providedad libitum. On day 18 of the experiment 50% of chickens in each treatment group were immunised with bovine serum albumin. Ten and 21 days after immunisation blood samples were collected to determine the anti-albumin IgY titre, interleukin 6 (IL6) and interferon gamma (IFNG) and to measure the weight of the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus. Arg or Gln supplementation of the diets influenced neither the production nor the organ weights until 18 days of age. Between 18 and 39 days of age both Arg (0.5% and 1%) and Arg + Gln supplementation improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 3.7%, 6.3% and 4.9%, respectively, while Gln-1% worsened it by 15%. Immunisation slightly (−0.79%) depressed the body weight gain of broilers fed the control diet, which was significantly improved by both Arg (0.5 or 1%) and Arg + Gln supplementation. Immunisation increased the weight of the spleen, bursa and thymus and decreased that of the liver. Supplementation with 1% Gln depressed (−5.13%) the body weight gain of the immunised chickens but strongly stimulated the immune response. Supplementations with Arg and Gln did not influence the IL6 and IFNG level of the blood; however, on day 10 after immunisation these two parameters showed a negative correlation with each other. Regarding production, organ weights and immunity, Arg supplementation should be recommended in the grower phase, while Gln supplementation can be useful in pullets raised for egg production, where a good immune response to vaccinations is an important factor.
The ISUP system of staging, grading and classification of renal cell neoplasia
Authors: Samaratunga Hemamali , Gianduzzo Troy , Delahunt Brett
Published: July 2014

There have been significant changes in the staging, classification and grading of renal cell neoplasia in recent times. Major changes have occurred in our understanding of extra-renal extension by renal cell cancer and how gross specimens must be handled to optimally display extra-renal spread. Since the 1981 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of renal tumors, in which only a handful of different entities were reported, many new morphological types have been described in the literature, resulting in 50 different entities reported in the 2004 WHO classification. Since 2004, further new entities have been recognized and reported necessitating an update of the renal tumor classification. There have also been numerous grading systems for renal cell carcinoma with Fuhrman grading, the most widely used system. In recent times, the prognostic value and the applicability of the Fuhrman grading system in practice has been shown to be, at best, suboptimal. To address these issues and to recommend reporting guidelines, the International Society of Urological pathology (ISUP) undertook a review of adult renal neoplasia through an international consensus conference in Vancouver in 2012. The conduct of the conference was based upon evidence from the literature and the current practice amongst recognized experts in the field. Working groups selected to deal with key topics evaluated current data and identified points of controversy. A pre-meeting survey of the ISUP membership was followed by the consensus conference at which a formal ballot was taken on each key issue. A 65% majority vote was taken as consensus. This review summarizes the outcome and recommendations of this conference with regards to staging, classification and grading of renal cell neoplasia.
Family-school partnership in the conditions of transition
Authors: Popović Daliborka , Zuković Slađana
Published: July 2014

The starting premise of the paper is that the development of each individual is largely influenced by the direct or indirect effects of social conditions. It also points out that the characteristics of macrosystemic environment significantly affect the functioning of the microsystemic environment, especially when it comes to the functioning of family and school as microsystemic environments that are crucial for the development of the individual. In this context, bearing in mind the changes and challenges caused by the transition, the paper draws attention to the need for a joint action of family and school based on the principles of partnership. The paper also discusses the current difficulties in the functioning of the family-school system which occur in the conditions of transition, as well as possibilities of overcoming them in order to achieve the prerequisites for an effective partnership of family and school. Of particular importance is the role of school in providing a space for parental involvement in school activities which could contribute to laying the foundations for substantial cooperation.
The memorial of Jelena Lazarević in Herzegovina
Authors: Pekić Radmilo
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a medieval church which was found by accident and unearthed in Cernica in Gacko. It was unknown to historiography and the general public. Namely, its construction and existence was saved via tradition, which in this case proved to be correct. According to the tradition, the church endower was Jelena, daughter of Lazar Hrebljanović, who married Sandalj Hranic, the Duke of Hum and Bosnia. It was her second marriage. A few medieval monuments - stećci were found in front of the unearthed church. On one of them, there was an inscription saying that Nikola Rasković, the Drobnjak prince, was burried there. The unearthed church and the inscription on the stećak are testimonies which confirm findings of the former explorations concerning the century-old existence of the Serbs and Orthodox belief not only on the area of Cernica but also on the area of the medieval Hum.
Gender socialization and sex affilation
Authors: Redžić Saduša
Published: July 2014

The author's depth interviews with students of the University of Nis checked for the possibility of receptivity to sexual stereotypes and conditioning of sexual/gender socialization by sexual group affiliation. Examined the experiences and attitudes of students of both sexes regarding early gender socialization and it's characteristically stereotypes, stereotypes about dressing, instrumentalization of sexuality, the influence of parents/environment on the formation of sexual morality, own the gender socialization in the family, twin rules for the socialization of children of different gender and sex/gender roles in marriage. Belonging to the sex group has no effect on susceptibility to sexual stereotypes regarding early gender socialization and dressing. Difference may be seen in the effort to comment on and evaluate the wear behavior of girls more than a young man dressing, which may be an indicator for further research had sexual dimorphism in terms of dressing and nudity. It seems that the experience of respondents of both sexes are dependent primarily from the general family atmosphere (closeness, openness to communicate with each other, the absence of the traditional gender division of roles in the family/emotional distance from the parent of the opposite sex or of both parents, the rigidity, the strict division of gender roles in the family). In the first case, where both parents are involved in the upbringing of the child, relationships are intimate with both, and vice versa. Therefore, we can conclude about the lack of connection between the sex of the child and separated upbringing (traditional: the mother confides sexual education of women, a father of male child) in the first case, and a link to another should only check to prove it. Sex does not condition susceptibility to stereotypes about education and gender roles. Traditionally, transitional and modern attitudes are equally represented in subjects of both sexes.
Good householder and corruption
Authors: Anđelković Petar
Published: July 2014

Nowadays, in Serbia, it's fashionable to talk about the fight against corruption. 'The spook of fighting corruption circulates through Serbia'. Is there a chance the fight will win the way it's lead? We are convinced there isn't. Since corruption is a process caused by 'rotten' characters, the anti-corruption fight must also be a process of rehabilitation and creation of the right character - the good householder's character. In this process each aspect is important (legal, economic…) but for permanent eradication of the evil or the sin of corruption the most important segment is educational because it creates the genuine moral and spiritual value in a hardworking and long-term manner. In 'the period rich in disasters' (Tacitus), in the hard circumstances lasting too long, which would not be endured by any other nation, many values​​, material and moral have inevitably failed. A Serb has endured but also has worn out and lost many virtues, particularly the spirit of a good householder. Mutual hatred seems to be stronger than love, distrust greater than confidence, doubt stronger than faith, and robbery and spoils stronger than charity and solidarity. We need to restore the balance and despite the hardships, and because of them, we must foster mutual love, harmony, unwavering patriotism and value of domesticity. In other words, we must ensure victory of virtue over vice that threatens us from everywhere, both from inside and outside. At the time of 'nuclear techniques and jungle ethics' (Justin Popović) the dispersed home of the Serbs can be turned again into a proper home only if we 'have the spirit of domesticity reigning' (Nikolaj Velimirović). To be a successful householder is to be responsible in relation to the state, institution, household that he was entrusted with: add, not to waste, create not to destroy, enlarge rather than reduce, preserve not to destroy a household. 'Do not steal from a country, it was overpaid. Your brothers perished in wars defending the country. They gave their lives for the country - how dare you to steal the overpriced legacy? - said the wise bishop, and this message should be the foundation of creating Serbs and Serbian country and salvation from corruption.
Philosophy of education and human freedom
Authors: Petrović Aleksandar
Published: July 2014

Movement of enlightendness connected the riched knowledges with a statements of the human rights on a own education, because of destroying of prejudges who stopped the social progress, but they are also manifesting as a powerful tools for the changing the everyday life. Modern epoch proclaimed a right on a education as a basic part of a human rights (also by the documents of UN), but inserted in them also so many interesess in realization, making troubles to that rights alone. Paedagogical libertinism, as a some reflexion of a revolutionary attentions, in a claim of a critical thinking was relativisating programmes and goals of the schools in such measure, that it request a education of the people on the streets, as a hippycs who haven't borders in them arbitrariness. It starts on a some physical economistic cutting of a teaching programmes, with a minimum of knowledge in a own education and a maximum in a sale and managing of a nature and human resources. Did the management was also a biggest wisdom who needly must investigating on the Universities? It, what is useful directly, is not the durative and undestroyable. Because it may stay a object of troubles, it is valid to come back on a Classic education, who takes solutions for the growing appetites and greeds by the clearness of his theories.
Nine hundred fifteenth (915th) by Branislav Nušić
Authors: Dejanović Slavica
Published: July 2014

Studying the three components of a literary work Nine hundred fifteenth by Branislav Nušić - historical, narrative and religious - the author determines it as a historical epic novel. The retreat of the Serbian army and people trough Kosovo and Albania in 1915 caused by the invasion of the Austro-Hungarian army, which is the subject of this work, is one of the most tragic events in Serbian history. For its historical reliability, interesting and exciting storytelling, profound and multiple human messages - according to the author - this novel deserves to be ranked within the best Serbian historical novels.
Epic biography of Kraljević Marko in the poems from Kosovo and Metohija: An addition to the study of Marko's duels
Authors: Miljković Marija
Published: July 2014

Among folk epic poems from Kosovo and Metohija there is large number of those that tell about the heroic deeds and bravery of Marko Kraljević. To defeat so many strong and serious opponents, Marko did not only rely upon his physical strength, but was ready for deception and cunning, when his own survival was in danger. In this paper, through the review of certain poems, the author tries to reveal his characteristics: cleverness, adaptability and wisdom. All these lead to the clear outcome in epic poems: a victory of Marko Kraljević whose acts, for the difference of ethical, knightly, Christian-ideological medals, do not represent glorification.
Lyricism of Old Milija's epic poems
Authors: Pitulić Valentina
Published: July 2014

The epic poems of Old Milija are marked by a lyrical organization of the text, which is in the function of depicting the inner life of his heroes. Every now and then, Old Milija breaks the rules of epic poems to dwell upon the inner reflection of the external world. He expresses lyricism in two ways: from his own point of view and from the point of view of his epic hero. Bearing in mind the whole drama his heroes are going through, particularly with respect to their relationship with women, Old Milija manages to find a lyrical formula which, in the epic structure of the text, enhances the dramatic character and the aesthetic value of the poem. The paper deals with the poem's lyrical layers, which are in the function of the psychoanalysis of the characters and represent a characteristic feature of this exceptionally talented Vuk's poet.
Values and imperfections of the English Restoration plays
Authors: Andrejević Ana
Published: July 2014

Although writers of the English Restoration tragedy were not able to continue the path of the magnificent Renaissance tragedy and to become the worthy heirs of Shakespeare, they were experimenting with the verse and themes leaving a few impressive tragic scenes. Therefore, the heroic tragedy, as a dramatic kind, did not achieve an enviable aesthetic value. On the other hand, writers of comedies have managed to adjust the traditional elements to the new literary trends and to the atmosphere of the epoch. They have created a comedy of character and humor with an appropriate and realistic prose dialogue full of wit and refined language which was the best media for depicting cheerful and immoral aristocratic life of that time. Preserving and highlighting these dramatic elements, the dramatists of the Restoration have influenced the successors of a typical British comedy that will come to life again, in its true and pure comic form, in the works of Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde.
Serbs in political and military elites of the Ustaše's Independent State of Croatia
Authors: Atlagić Marko , Elezović Dalibor
Published: July 2014

The phenomenon of Serbian participation in the political and military elites and leadership of the Independent State of Croatia was not enough or rather not at all scientifically analysed and researched. The purpose of this paper is to inspire the historians of our recent past to research and critically evaluate the problems. In the beginning of the war during the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia, the Serbs were not involved in the Home Guard units as regular armed forces of Independent State of Croatia. Along with the development of the Independent Ustaš State of Croatia, the necessity for Serbian participation in Home Guard units arose. The Serbs were mainly educated in Austro-Hungarian schools for officers. They also participated in the armed forces of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes i.e. the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The most prominent among them were: Dr Savo Besarović, general Teodor Dragojlov, general Đuro Dragičević, general Đuro Grujić, a knight, general Milan Desović, general Mihailo Lukić, general Dušan Palčić, general Miroslav Opačić (Fridrich), a church official Zvonimir Stimaković, general Miloš Obrknežević, Minister without portfolio Ljubomir Antić, general Lalislav Milić, general Milan Uzelac and others. Apart from being the most prominent ones in the Home Guard units, there were Serbs in the political elites of the Independent State of Croatia, as well as in the Presidency of the Parliament and in the positions of the Ministers in the Independent State of Croatia. This phenomenon should be an example for future generations, in a case of war, not to happen that one part of the people takes the enemy side because the greatest sin ever is to betray its own people and country.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Substituted‐3‐amino‐4‐cyano‐isoquinoline‐1(2H)‐ones by the Reaction of N‐Substituted‐2‐iodobenzamides with Malononitrile
Authors: Liu Yeye , Zeng Runsheng , Pan Jie , Zou Jianping
Published: July 2014

A novel Cu(OAc)2·H2O catalyzed coupling reaction of N‐substituted‐2‐iodobenzamides with malononitrile to afford N‐substituted‐3‐amino‐4‐cyano‐isoquinoline‐1(2H)‐ones is described. The reaction proceeded in DMSO at 90°C for 5 h in nitrogen without external ligands.
Imine‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework on Surface for Biosensor
Authors: Wang Peiyuan , Kang Mengmeng , Sun Shumin , Liu Qiang , Zhang Zhihong , Fang Shaoming
Published: July 2014

Imine‐linked covalent organic framework on amino functionalized silicon substrate was constructed via a step‐wise reaction between 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxaldehyde and 1,4‐diaminobenzene. The obtained material was used as biosensor for bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption and probe DNA immobilization, which extended the application of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to a new field.
CuBr‐Promoted Tandem Cyclization/Trifluoromethylation of 2‐Alkynylanilines: Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Trifluoromethylindoles
Authors: Ge Guangcun , Huang Xiaojun , Ding Changhua , Li Hao , Wan Shili , Hou Xuelong
Published: July 2014

A new efficient strategy for the synthesis of 3‐trifluoromethyl‐indoles was developed through tandem cyclization/trifluoromethylation of 2‐alkynylanilines and Umemoto's reagent under effect of CuBr. The reaction features the use of cheap copper salt, mild reaction conditions and high yield of products. The preliminary mechanism study indicates the solvent dimethylacetamide acts as the role of dealkylation.
Catalyst‐Free Reaction in Water: Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydroindole Derivatives via Three‐Component Domino Reaction
Authors: Feng Xian , Wang Jianjun , Lin Wei , Zhang Juanjuan , Huang Zhibin , Shi Daqing
Published: July 2014

An environmentally benign and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydroindole derivatives in aqueous media under catalyst‐free conditions, by simply combining a phenylglyoxal monohydrate, an enaminone, and a barbituric acid. The advantages of this method are that it is catalyst free, has an easy workup, provides good yields, and uses water as solvent, which make this procedure facile and practical.
AgF‐Mediated Dialkylation of Activate Alkenes: An Efficient Access to Nitrile‐Containing Spirooxindoles
Authors: Wu Liang , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng
Published: July 2014

A novel Ag‐mediated dialkylation reaction of alkenes was disclosed, in which AgF was essential to activate CH bond of acetonitrile. This reaction provided an efficient way to nitrile‐containing spirooxindoles from readily available (1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methanamine derivatives.
Cyclopentadienyl Precursors for the Atomic Layer Deposition of Erbium Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Blanquart Timothee , Kaipio Mikko , Niinistö Jaakko , Gavagnin Marco , Longo Valentino , Blanquart Laurie , Lansalot Clement , Noh W. , Wanzenböck Heinz D. , Ritala Mikko , Leskelä Markku
Published: July 2014

In this article, three novel cyclopentadienyl precursors are evaluated for the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of erbium oxide, with either ozone or water as the oxygen source. The erbium precursors evaluated are Er(iPrCp)3, Er(MeCp)2(iPr‐amd), and Er(nBuCp)3. The films are deposited on silicon within the temperature range 200–400°C. Self‐limiting growth is achieved with all three precursors, with both ozone and water. It is found that the water processes of all three precursors present significantly higher growth rates when compared to the ozone processes. An up to three‐fold increase in the growth rate is observed for the water processes of Er(iPrCp)3 and Er(MeCp)2(iPr‐amd) (amd: amidinate) when compared to their ozone processes. The films are smooth and uniform, as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (rms roughness < 3% of film thickness). The composition of the films is investigated by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the films contain small amounts of carbon as an impurity, especially in the case of ozone‐processed films. Using Er(nBuCp)3 together with ozone as the oxygen source, a highly conformal Er2O3 thin film is deposited on a 1:60 high‐aspect‐ratio substrate. This is the first report of the conformal growth of Er2O3 thin films by ALD on a high‐aspect‐ratio structure.
Increased Nuclearity of Salen‐Type Transition Metal Complexes by Incorporation of O‐Alkyloxime Functionality
Authors: Akine Shigehisa , Nabeshima Tatsuya
Published: July 2014

The effect of incorporation of O‐alkyloxime functionality in the salen‐type tetradentate ligand was investigated from a viewpoint of complexation behavior with cobalt(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II). The complexation of salamo ligands (H2salamo = 1,2‐bis(salicylideneaminooxy)ethane) with zinc(II) and cobalt(II) afforded trinuclear complexes [M3L2(OAc)2] (M = ZnII, CoII; L = salamo, 3‐MeOsalamo). The phenoxo groups of the two [ML] units coordinate to the third MII, which results in the trinuclear structure. Upon complexation with nickel(II) acetate, the parent H2salamo gave a trinuclear complex [Ni3(salamo)2(OAc)2(EtOH)2], whereas H2(3‐MeOsalamo) produced a mononuclear complex [Ni(3‐MeOsalamo)(H2O)2]. The salamo complexes described here are similar to the corresponding complexes with N,N′‐disalicylidene‐1,4‐diaminobutane (H2salbn), indicating that the difference between the –OCH2CH2O– and –(CH2)4– groups has a small influence on the structural features of the complexes. However, this difference affects the complexation process with zinc(II) acetate. The trinuclear complex [Zn3(3‐MeOsalamo)2(OAc)2] was formed cooperatively, whereas the imine analog [Zn3(3‐MeOsalbn)2(OAc)2] was not.
Selection for increased muscling improved feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of Angus steers
Authors: Cafe L. M. , McKiernan W. A. , Robinson D. L.
Published: July 2014

This project studied the effect of selection for divergence in live muscle score (MS) in a herd of Angus cattle on feedlot performance, feed efficiency, carcass characteristics and carcass yield of two cohorts of steer progeny. Steers from lines selected for low muscling (Low, n = 91, average MS = D–) and high muscling without (High, n = 76, average MS = C+) and with (HighHet, n = 61, average MS = B) one copy of the 821 del11 myostatin mutation were studied. Steers entered the feedlot for grain finishing at 16–18 months of age. Individual feed intake was measured during finishing, after which the steers were slaughtered to obtain commercial carcass and yield data. Low, High and HighHet steers had similar weights at feedlot entry (442, 434, 441 kg, P = 0.11) and grew at similar rates during feed intake testing (1.42, 1.38, 1.37 kg/day, P = 0.3), but net feed intake declined with increasing muscling (0.34, –0.06, –0.40 kg DM/day, P < 0.001). Dressing percentage (54.2%, 54.9%, 56.5%, P < 0.001), retail meat yield (67.5%, 68.4%, 71.4%, P < 0.001) and retail meat : bone ratio (3.40, 3.55, 3.83, P < 0.001) progressively increased from Low to High to HighHet steers. There were no significant differences for carcass rump and rib fat, or carcass fat yield between Low and High steers, but Low steers had higher marbling (P < 0.001). HighHet steers had the least fat across all carcass fat measurements, including marbling (all P < 0.008). These results demonstrate that muscling was increased by selection for visual MS in British-breed cattle and resulted in greater meat yield via greater muscle to bone ratios.