bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric analysis of the Comfort with Communication in Palliative and End-of-Life Care (C-COPE) instrument
Authors: Minton Mary E , Isaacson Mary J , Da Rosa Patricia
Published: December 2020

Background:

Nurses must be comfortable facilitating palliative and end-of-life communication with patients and their families.

Aim:

A validated instrument measuring the comfort of nurses with conducting end-of-life communication is essential for meeting the goals and wishes of patient care. This study aimed to develop and conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Comfort with Communication in Palliative and End-of-Life Care (C-COPE) instrument.

Methods:

Face, content, and construct validity, including test-retest reliability, were conducted.

Results:

Four experts subjectively confirmed face content validity and the quantitative item content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.67 to 1 and scale content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.98. Principal axis factoring with Promax rotation yielded a five-factor solution accounting for 66.2% of the variance. The items loading on the five factors ranged from 0.46–0.96 (factor 1), 0.67–0.93 (factor 2), 0.49–0.86 (factor 3), 0.68–0.79 (factor 4), and 0.24–0.96 (factor 5). Internal consistency reliability (coefficient a) was 0.90 for the total C-COPE, and above 0.75 for each factor. The five factors are ‘cultural/spiritual considerations,’ ‘team considerations,’ ‘addressing decision-making,’ ‘addressing symptomatology,’ and ‘deliberate awareness.’ Test-retest reliability yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.87 (CI 95%, 0.82–0.91).

Conclusions:

The C-COPE is a reliable and valid instrument measuring nurse comfort with palliative and end of-life care communication, yet requires testing in more diverse samples.
EBVM: a quick guide to evaluating veterinary evidence
Authors: Cartlidge Helen
Published: December 2020

The ability to evaluate evidence is a key skill for veterinary professionals pursuing an evidence-based approach to patient care. The evidence available on a particular topic in the veterinary field may be of variable quality though and the strengths and weaknesses of the type of evidence should be considered. The way a research study is conducted can also impact on the validity and reliability of the results presented and aspects of study design, such as control groups, representative samples, sample size, elimination of bias and outcome measures, should be evaluated. This article gives further insight into the evaluation of research studies including examples to aid understanding.
The highs and lows of electrolytes part 1: sodium, chloride and potassium
Authors: Anderson Paula
Published: December 2020

There are six electrolytes that are important in maintaining homeostasis within the body. They play vital roles in regulating neurological, myocardial, muscular and cellular functions and are involved in fluid and acid–base balance. Recognising and treating electrolyte derangements is an important role for veterinary nurses especially in emergency and critical care patients. This series of two articles will discuss the physiology behind each of the six major electrolytes and discuss how to monitor and treat any abnormalities.
Anaesthesia considerations for a patient with suspected myasthenia gravis
Authors: O'Brien Roxanne
Published: December 2020

This extended case reports explores the pre-, peri- and post-anaesthetic considerations in a 2-year 7-month-old male entire crossbreed with suspected myasthenia gravis after presenting with gastrointestinal signs and pelvic limb weakness. Myasthenia gravis is an immune-mediated neuromuscular transmission disorder, which greatly increases the risk of mortality in patients undergoing anaesthesia. Following specific nursing care, in this case no complications occurred and the dog went home 3 days later.
The Intersect of Social Justice and Children’s Right to Participation: Implications for the Field of School Psychology
Authors: Vaghri Ziba , Jimerson Shane , Pearson Cara , Sinclair Charlotte
Published: December 2020

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is the first human rights treaty with the ultimate goal of providing conditions conducive to child health and development. The CRC is grounded on four guiding principles: (1) non-discrimination; (2) best interests of the child; (3) the right to life, survival, and development; and (4) respect for the views of the child. These CRC principles are consistent with a social justice approach within the field of school psychology. This article highlights implications for school psychologists and encourages school psychologists to be at the center of the process of measuring, advocating, and actualizing all rights under the CRC, including the right to participation, in schools throughout the world. A summary of the Rights Respecting Schools initiative is offered to provide a concrete example for school psychologists and other school-based professionals.
Effects of Plasma Treatment on Cooking and Physical Qualities of Pigmented Thai Rice
Authors:   Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Noppakun Metanee , Naruenartwongsakul Srisuwan ,   Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Srisuriyajan Pisit ,   Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Pimolsiripol Yuthana ,   Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Boonyawan Dheerawan ,   Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Intipunya Pilairuk ,   Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
Published: December 2020

Plasma surface modification processes account for most of the commercial uses of surface modification because they are fast, efficient methods for improving the adhesion, wettability properties and other surface characteristics of a variety of materials. This research was aimed to investigate of surface modification of pigmented rice by plasma technique. Two rice varieties namely Kum Doi Saket and Hom Nil rice were used. The samples were subjected to plasma treatment with different gas types to determine suitable gas type. The types of gas for plasma treatment were argon, nitrogen and air. The output voltage of the plasma was 0.1428 W at the frequency of 110 Hz and treatment time of 40 min. It was found that plasma treatment with various gas types on the samples caused a reduction in cooking time and increase in water uptake ratio, length expansion ratio and volume expansion ratio, an increase in water absorption, a decrease in contact angles as compared to untreated sample. These results were related to etching of the bran layer of the rice grain which allowed better water transfer into the grain during cooking. It was also found that plasma production using plasma gas had more effect on texture of the rice grains, as compared to without plasma treatment.
Mechanical modulation of spontaneous emission of nearby nanostructured black phosphorus
Authors: Mu HongQian , Wang TongBiao , Zhang DeJian , Liu WenXing , Yu TianBao , Liao QingHua
Published: December 2020

In this study, we investigate the spontaneous emission of a quantum emitter nearby black phosphorus (BP) sheet. The spontaneous emission can be modulated mechanically by rotating the BP sheet when the quantum emitter is placed parallel to the sheet. The spontaneous emission is dependent on the electron doping and rotation angle of BP with respect to the x-axis. The Purcell factor decreases with the increase in rotation angle under smaller electron doping. The Purcell factor increases with the increase in rotation angle under larger electron doping. The spontaneous emission of quantum emitter nearby two types of BP ribbon arrays tailored along armchair (type I) and zigzag (type II) directions is studied in detail. The spontaneous emission of quantum emitter parallel to type I is enhanced compared with that parallel to BP sheet. The spontaneous emission decreases remarkably for the quantum emitter parallel to type II compared with that parallel to BP sheet. The spontaneous emission can be flexibly modulated by rotating BP ribbon arrays mechanically in two types. The results obtained in this study provide a new method to actively modulate the spontaneous emission.
Development platform for artificial pancreas algorithms
Authors: Smaoui Mohamed Raef , Rabasa-Lhoret Remi , Haidar Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Background and aims

Assessing algorithms of artificial pancreas systems is critical in developing automated and fault-tolerant solutions that work outside clinical settings. The development and evaluation of algorithms can be facilitated with a platform that conducts virtual clinical trials. We present in this paper a clinically validated cloud-based distributed platform that supports the development and comprehensive testing of single and dual-hormone algorithms for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods

The platform is built on principles of object-oriented design and runs user algorithms in real-time virtual clinical trials utilizing a multi-threaded environment enabled by concurrent execution over a cloud infrastructure. The platform architecture isolates user algorithms located on personal machines from proprietary patient data running on the cloud. Users import a plugin into their algorithms (Matlab, Python, or Java) to connect to the platform. Once connected, users interact with a graphical interface to design experimental protocols for their trials. Protocols include trial duration in days, mealtimes and amounts, variability in mealtimes and amounts, carbohydrate counting errors, snacks, and onboard insulin levels.

Results

The platform facilitates development by solving the ODE model in the cloud on large CPU-optimized machines, providing a 62% improvement in memory, speed and CPU utilization. Users can easily debug & modify code, test multiple strategies, and generate detailed clinical performance reports. We validated and integrated into the platform a glucoregulatory system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) parameterized with clinical data to mimic the inter and intra-day variability of glucose responses of 15 T1DM patients.

Conclusion

The platform utilizes the validated patient model to conduct virtual clinical trials for the rapid development and testing of closed-loop algorithms for T1DM.
Multiscale based nonlinear dynamics analysis of heart rate variability signals
Authors: Kazmi Syed Zaki Hassan , Habib Nazneen , Riaz Rabia , Rizvi Sanam Shahla , Abbas Syed Ali , Chung Tae-Sun
Published: December 2020

Acceleration change index (ACI) is a fast and easy to understand heart rate variability (HRV) analysis approach used for assessing cardiac autonomic control of the nervous systems. The cardiac autonomic control of the nervous system is an example of highly integrated systems operating at multiple time scales. Traditional single scale based ACI did not take into account multiple time scales and has limited capability to classify normal and pathological subjects. In this study, a novel approach multiscale ACI (MACI) is proposed by incorporating multiple time scales for improving the classification ability of ACI. We evaluated the performance of MACI for classifying, normal sinus rhythm (NSR), congestive heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation subjects. The findings reveal that MACI provided better classification between healthy and pathological subjects compared to ACI. We also compared MACI with other scale-based techniques such as multiscale entropy, multiscale permutation entropy (MPE), multiscale normalized corrected Shannon entropy (MNCSE) and multiscale permutation entropy (IMPE). The preliminary results show that MACI values are more stable and reliable than IMPE and MNCSE. The results show that MACI based features lead to higher classification accuracy.
Optimised generation of iPSC-derived macrophages and dendritic cells that are functionally and transcriptionally similar to their primary counterparts
Authors: Monkley Susan , Krishnaswamy Jayendra Kumar , Göransson Melker , Clausen Maryam , Meuller Johan , Thörn Kristofer , Hicks Ryan , Delaney Stephen , Stjernborg Louise
Published: December 2020

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) offer the possibility to generate diverse disease-relevant cell types, from any genetic background with the use of cellular reprogramming and directed differentiation. This provides a powerful platform for disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapeutics. The critical question is how the differentiated iPSC-derived cells translate to their primary counterparts. Our refinement of a published differentiation protocol produces a CD14+ monocytic lineage at a higher yield, in a smaller format and at a lower cost. These iPSC-derived monocytes can be further differentiated into macrophages or dendritic cells (DC), both with similar morphological and functional profiles as compared to their primary counterparts. Transcriptomic analysis of iPSC-derived cells at different stages of differentiation as well as comparison to their blood-derived counterparts demonstrates a complete switch of iPSCs to cells expressing a monocyte, macrophage or DC specific gene profile. iPSC-derived macrophages respond to LPS treatment by inducing expression of classic macrophage pro-inflammatory response markers. Interestingly, though iPSC-derived DC show similarities to monocyte derived DC, they are more similar transcriptionally to a newly described subpopulation of AXL+DC. Thus, our study provides a detailed and accurate profile of iPSC-derived monocytic lineage cells.
Acquisition and decay of IgM and IgG responses to merozoite antigens after Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ghanaian children
Authors: Walker Melanie R. , Knudsen Anne S. , Partey Frederica D. , Bassi Maria R. , Frank Asger M. , Castberg Filip C. , Sarbah Edem W. , Ofori Michael F. , Hviid Lars , Barfod Lea
Published: December 2020

Developing a vaccine againstPlasmodium falciparummalaria has been challenging, primarily due to high levels of antigen polymorphism and a complex parasite lifecycle. Immunization with theP.falciparummerozoite antigens PfMSRP5, PfSERA9, PfRAMA, PfCyRPA and PfRH5 has been shown to give rise to growth inhibitory and synergistic antisera. Therefore, these five merozoite proteins are considered to be promising candidates for a second-generation multivalent malaria vaccine. Nevertheless, little is known about IgG and IgM responses to these antigens in populations that are naturally exposed toP.falciparum. In this study, serum samples from clinically immune adults and malaria exposed children from Ghana were studied to compare levels of IgG and IgM specific for PfMSRP5, PfSERA9, PfRAMA, PfCyRPA and PfRH5. All five antigens were found to be specifically recognized by both IgM and IgG in serum from clinically immune adults and from children with malaria. Longitudinal analysis of the latter group showed an early, transient IgM response that was followed by IgG, which peaked 14 days after the initial diagnosis. IgG levels and parasitemia did not correlate, whereas parasitemia was weakly positively correlated with IgM levels. These findings show that IgG and IgM specific for merozoite antigens PfMSRP5, PfSERA9, PfRAMA, PfCyRPA and PfRH5 are high in children duringP.falciparummalaria, but that the IgM induction and decline occurs earlier in infection than that of IgG.
Identification and characterization of a novel multi-stress responsive gene in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tawab Faiza , Munir Iqbal , Nasim Zeeshan , Khan Mohammad Sayyar , Tawab Saleha , Nasim Adnan , Iqbal Aqib , Ahmad Mian Afaq , Ali Waqar , Munir Raheel , Munir Maria , Asim Noreen
Published: December 2020

Abiotic stresses especially salinity, drought and high temperature result in considerable reduction of crop productivity. In this study, we identified AT4G18280 annotated as a glycine-rich cell wall protein-like (hereafter refer to as GRPL1) protein as a potential multistress-responsive gene. Analysis of public transcriptome data and GUS assay of pGRPL1::GUS showed a strong induction of GRPL1 under drought, salinity and heat stresses. Transgenic plants overexpressing GRPL1-3HA showed significantly higher germination, root elongation and survival rate under salt stress. Moreover, the 35S::GRPL1-3HA transgenic lines also showed higher survival rates under drought and heat stresses. GRPL1 showed similar expression patterns with Abscisic acid (ABA)-pathway genes under different growth and stress conditions, suggesting a possibility that GRPL1 might act in the ABA pathway that is further supported by the inability of ABA-deficient mutant (aba2-1) to induce GRPL1 under drought stress. Taken together, our data presents GRPL1 as a potential multi-stress responsive gene working downstream of ABA.
Viruses in unexplained encephalitis cases in American black bears (Ursus americanus)
Authors: Alex Charles E. , Fahsbender Elizabeth , Altan Eda , Bildfell Robert , Wolff Peregrine , Jin Ling , Black Wendy , Jackson Kenneth , Woods Leslie , Munk Brandon , Tse Tiffany , Delwart Eric , Pesavento Patricia A.
Published: December 2020

Viral infections were investigated in American black bears (Ursus americanus) from Nevada and northern California with and without idiopathic encephalitis. Metagenomics analyses of tissue pools revealed novel viruses in the generaCircoviridae,Parvoviridae,Anelloviridae,Polyomaviridae, andPapillomaviridae. The circovirus and parvovirus were of particular interest due to their potential importance as pathogens. We characterized the genomes of these viruses and subsequently screened bears by PCR to determine their prevalence. The circovirus(Ursus americanuscircovirus, UaCV) was detected at a high prevalence (10/16, 67%), and the chaphamaparvovirus (Ursus americanusparvovirus, UaPV) was found in a single bear. We showed that UaCV is present in liver, spleen/lymph node, and brain tissue of selected cases byin situhybridization (ISH) and PCR. Infections were detected in cases of idiopathic encephalitis and in cases without inflammatory brain lesions. Infection status was not clearly correlated with disease, and the significance of these infections remains unclear. Given the known pathogenicity of a closely related mammalian circovirus, and the complex manifestations of circovirus-associated diseases, we suggest that UaCV warrants further study as a possible cause or contributor to disease in American black bears.
DNA methylation biomarkers in peripheral blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. A systematic review
Authors: Danstrup Christian Sander , Marcussen Mette , Pedersen Inge Søkilde , Jacobsen Henrik , Dybkær Karen , Gaihede Michael
Published: December 2020

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are often diagnosed in advanced stages. In search of new diagnostic tools, focus has shifted towards the biological properties of the HNSCC, and the number of different biomarkers under investigation is rapidly growing.

Objectives

The objective was to review the current literature regarding aberrantly methylated DNA found in peripheral blood plasma or serum in patients with HNSCC and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these changes.

Methods

The inclusion criteria were clinical studies involving patients with verified HNSCC that reported findings of aberrantly methylated DNA in peripheral blood serum or plasma. We systematically searched PubMed, OVID Embase and Cochrane Library. In addition to the search, we performed forward and backward chaining in references and Web of Science. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42019135406. Two authors independently extracted data. The quality and the risk of bias of the included studies were assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool.

Results

A total of 1,743 studies were found eligible for screening, while ultimately seven studies were included. All studies were found to have methodological weaknesses, mainly concerning patient selection bias. The best individual marker of HNSCC was Septin 9 in plasma with a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 95%.

Conclusions

None of the aberrantly methylated genes found in the retrieved studies are applicable as single diagnostic markers for HNSCC and the best gene-panels still lack diagnostic accuracy. Future studies may benefit from newer sequencing techniques but validation studies with well-designed cohorts are also needed in the process of developing epigenetic based diagnostic tests for HNSCC.
Public and Private Realms of the Administrative Justice System
Authors: Ng Patricia
Published: December 2020

Applicants who need urgent housing assistance from local government in England hope to gain the benefit for which they have applied. Should they fail to secure assistance or actual temporary accommodation, effective dispute processes would need to be in place within the administrative justice system. Yet, what would effective dispute management mechanisms look like to homeless applicants who might be experiencing ‘applicant fatigue’? This article examines the situation of the homeless applicant, aspects of whose private life is being processed by a public administrative and legal system, and considers the measures that need to be in place for homeless applicants to be able to access the full benefits of the non-legal and legal mechanisms.

Keywords: homelessness; complaints; reviews; applicant fatigue; applicant–administrator relationship
The Post Office Horizon IT scandal and the presumption of the dependability of computer evidence
Authors: Christie James
Published: December 2020

The Post Office Horizon scandal attracted my interest because of my extensive experience in IT audit and software testing. I have worked on fraud investigations, and also on developing and testing complex financial systems. The Horizon case covered many issues of which I have experience. I was dismayed at the Post Office’s poor control over their systems and their unprofessional conduct in investigations. However, the presumption of computer dependability, which both they, and the courts, relied upon to secure convictions, truly shocked me. All of my experience has taught me that this presumption is naïve and unjustifiable. This is a personal response to the Post Office Horizon scandal.

Index words: Post Office Horizon scandal; fraud investigations; poor control; presumption of computer dependability
Recommendations for the probity of computer evidence
Authors: Marshall Paul , Christie James , Ladkin Peter Bernard , Littlewood Bev , Mason Stephen , Newby Martin , Rogers Jonathan , Thimbleby Harold , Thomas CBE Martyn
Published: December 2020

There exists widespread misunderstanding about the nature of computers and how and why they are liable to fail. The present approach to the disclosure or discovery and evaluation of evidence produced by computers in legal proceedings is unsatisfactory. The central problem is the evidential presumption that computers are reliable. This presumption is not warranted. To this end, recommendations are proposed to rectify this problem with the aim of increasing the probability of a fair trial.

Index words: electronic evidence; computer systems; disclosure; discovery; recommendations for judges; fairness of legal proceedings
NATUREZA E NUANCES CARTESIANAS NA BUSCA POR UM CONCEITO DE CERRADO: NOTAS PRELIMINARES
Authors: Verde Giuliana Vila , Safadi Sandro de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

A presente empreita investigativa possui o intuito de verificar a presença de traços dos preceitos cartesianos contidos na obra “O discurso do Método” em meio a busca por caracterizar/interpretar a natureza contida no Cerrado.  Neste sentido, ao escolhermos o Cerrado como expressão desta natureza; fizemos a partir da intenção de deslindar diversos modos de concebê-lo, para buscar as nuances entre as interpretações das ciências humanas e das ciências naturais, mais especificamente a biologia/botânica, a geografia e a antropologia. Evidenciou-se a proximidade com a ideia de savana no primeiro momento, a partir da contribuição dos viajantes europeus, Carl Friedrich Phillip von Martius (1794-1886) e Johan Albert Constantin Löfgren (1854-1918). No segundo momento realiza-se um sobrevoo sobre os conceitos de domínio morfoclimático do geógrafo Aziz Nacib Ab’Saber, passando pela ideia de sistema biogeográfico do antropólogo Altair Sales Barbosa; e chegando à noção de bioma com a perspectiva de Leopoldo Magno Coutinho. Ao final, observa-se que, ainda que se tenham divergências entre as classificações/denominações, permanecem traços evidentes dos preceitos cartesianos na forma de compreensão da natureza expressa no tratamento dado ao Cerrado.
A COVID-19 E A DESIGUAL ESPACIALIDADE NA OFERTA DOS SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE NO SEGMENTO DE REDE URBANA REGIONAL NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS, BRASIL
Authors: Bessa Kelly , Da Luz Rodolfo Alves
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo demonstra a dispersão espaço-temporal da Covid-19 nos seis meses de ocorrência no Tocantins, com a finalidade de analisar a espacialização das internações e dos deslocamentos da população em busca da assistência hospitalar ofertada nos principais centros desse segmento regional da rede urbana, em área de cerrado no centro-norte do Brasil. A dispersão da Covid-19 assume dois padrões espaciais, um vertical e outro horizontal, marcados por pontos, áreas e regiões que, por fim, abrangem todo o território tocantinense. Há ampliação da oferta pública para o atendimento dos casos hospitalares da Covid-19 no estado. Mas, tal assistência manteve-se concentrada em alguns centros urbanos de influência regional e sub-regional, sobretudo para os leitos de tratamento intensivo. Assim, na pandemia nota-se a manutenção de uma espacialização centralizada, desigual e limitada no que tange ao acesso da população, aprofundando as desigualdades socioespaciais.
Recién llegados al oasis. Movilidad y cruce de fronteras en migrantes recientemente asentados en San Andrés de Pica, Tarapacá (Chile)
Authors: Riquelme Gómez Diego Andrés , Tapia Ladino Marcela
Published: December 2020

Este artículo muestra los hallazgos de una etnografía realizada en el pueblo de San Andrés de Pica al interior de la provincia del Tamarugal, en la primera región de Tarapacá, Chile. El objetivo fue analizar las prácticas de movilidad y traspaso de fronteras en los migrantes recién asentados al pueblo rural de Pica, escala poco abordada en la literatura. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante entrevistas y observación participante durante una estadía prolongada en el pueblo que indagó por la reconstitución de los momentos de la migración: antes, durante y después del viaje. En el transcurso los y las entrevistadas adquieren un capital espacial, un “saber migrar”, relacionado con la movilidad que se constituye en un acervo compartido, aprendido y practicado entre ellos. Este saber forma habituaparte de los itinerarios transculturales entendidos como el transito e interacción entre esferas sociales y espacios diversos las que incluyen estrategias y prácticas de renegociación identitarias para el cruce de fronteras, territoriales, culturales, sociales y simbólicas.
"El retorno de la mujer ecuatoriana desde Europa"
Authors: Carvajal Endara Elmer Arturo , Suárez Berrio María Fannery , Ruiz Gros Sandra , Torrado Quintela Julio
Published: December 2020

Las mujeres ecuatorianas que retornaron son actores fundamentales en la transformación y cambio social del país, sin embargo, algunos estudios realizados en la zona norte y sur del Ecuador hasta ahora son insuficientes en este aspecto. Por tanto, la finalidad de esta investigación consiste en describir una realidad encontrada en relación a los motivos de migración que se correlacionan con los motivos de retorno de estas mujeres, la familia y su implicación en el emprendimiento y planes de retorno previstos para su regreso. En esta investigación se utilizó una metodología a modo de «caja de herramientas» y la técnica «bola de nieve», el análisis estadístico y descriptivo, al igual que la encuesta en escala de Likert que reflejan datos contrarios, frente a especulaciones sobre: progreso económico, emprendimiento desde una política pública e integración-familiar en contextos transnacionales.
The Trade of Sago in Ambon, 1880-1900
Authors: Masyitah Putri Maya , Susilowati Endang , Tri Sulistiyono Singgih
Published: December 2020

During the late 19th century, sago in Ambon turned out not only to be a subsistence crop used as a staple food, but also as a commercial crop. Historical sources shown that sago became one of the important commodities in trade in the 19th century, as one of the commodities that affected the economy of the Ambonese people and the colonial government. Sago became a prominent commodity when the spices trade decreased. So, there is commercialization process of sago as an important trade commodity. In this connection, this article examines several issues, the sago became a strategic commodity and the role of sago in the Ambonese economy during 1880-1900. It is analyzed by using the historical method, which emphasized on primary sources based on official reports in the form of colonial publications. According to the study, between 1880 -1900 it was known that the local community and colonial government traded the sago. One interesting thing is that aside from being a staple food, sago is also used as a currency that is bartered with other commodities that have the same value. For the colonial government, sago became a commercial commodity that was quite productive, even having become an export commodity to various countries, such as Singapore and Europe. The colonial government sold sago in various forms such as bundles, basketry, slabs, flour, and grains. In addition, the government also rents sago lands to Christians and Muslims merchants for a specified period and cost.
The Implementation of the Kampung Improvement Program in Semarang: Some Obstacles and Impacts
Authors: Susilowati Desi Tri , Rochwulaningsih Yety , Rinardi Haryono
Published: December 2020

This study analyzes Kampung Improvement Program (KIP) implementation and its impact on social life in Semarang between 1978-1988 periods. The KIP program is considered successful in building and managing slum settlements in Semarang. The success of Semarang in implementing this program makes it as a pilot project for the arrangement of two cities in Southeast Asia, namely Manila and Bangkok in 1987. This study emphasizes the use of government documents and newspapers to analyze KIP implementation progress in Semarang in the period of 1978 and ended at 1988. The program implementation was divided into two major stages, KIP Urban III and KIP Urban V. From KIP program, various physical infrastructure to support basic needs, such as toilets, clean water networks, sanitation, and road paving have been built. In its development, the KIP implementation brings a new face to Semarang towards slum villages, decreases the social pathology of the communities, and develops social groups, such as empowering Integrated Health Service Port (Posyandu) and Family Welfare Program (PKK). KIP Urban III was able to complete the construction of 21 villages, while in KIP Urban V there were 35 villages, bringing the total number of 56 villages developed.
Learning from the Corona Virus Pandemic: Interdisciplinary History and Strategic Issues of Historical Research
Authors: Purwanto Bambang
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the function of history as a science that can be used to formulate strategies to face various challenges as well as present and future opportunities based on knowledge, understanding, and their meaning of the past. Responding to the present worldwide Covid-19 pandemic, this paper aims to build awareness among historians to strategic issues by learning from the history of diseases through interdisciplinary historical research. The existence of adequate knowledge and understanding of the past of the aforementioned issues will provide space for history as a science to make contributions that can be used as a policy, in which history is a science for thinking forward through the past.
Association of SNP T125A on KiSS1 gene with reproduction hormone levels in Kaligesing goat
Authors: Hardyta G. , Widayati D.T. , Maharani D.
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to assess the association of KiSS1 gene polymorphism with reproductive traits in Kaligesing goat. Genotypes of 48 ewes aged three years old were determined using PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing. Sixteen out of 48 samples were monitored for the estrus cycle and determined their 17β-estradiol and progesterone levels using ELISA method. The results showed that KISS1 gene in the studied population was polymorphic with one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP T125A). Then SNP was used to analyze genotype all individuals by PCR-RFLP method using MboII enzyme. Three genotypes (TT, TA and AA) were identified. Genotype frequencies of TA were 59.57%, AA were 40.43% while TT was not inculed in calculation for genetic diversity and assosication analysis since the number of genotype only one goat. The allele frequencies of T and A were 29.79% and 70.21%, respectively. The genotype distribution for the SNP was deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2=8.10; P<0.025). Hormonal analysis showed that the levels of 17β-estradiol in the follicular and luteal phase were 50.12±61.26 and 42.35±42.43 pg/ml, respectively, while the levels of progesterone hormone in the follicular and luteal phase were 7.87±10.59 and 12.39±15.93 ng/ml. No significant associations of the polymorphism were observed for any hormonal levels. However, it was first report about polymorfism in KiSS1 gene of local Indonesian goat especially Kaligesing goat.
Motility characterization of albumin sexed spermatozoa in two different diluents and additional antioxidant
Authors: Ratnawati D. , Luthfi M. , Pamungkas D. , Affandhy L.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to characterize spermatozoa motility of sexed semen (X and Y) using albumin by diluents and antioxidant treatments. The material used in this study was fresh semen of Ongole Crossbreed (OC) bull with progressive motility >70%. The sperm sexing methodology used albumin gradient of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The diluents used were CEP-2 and andromed with or without the addition of 1mM Glutathione as an antioxidant. The sexed semen was made into liquid semen and stored at 3-5°C. The motility was observed at day 0 (H0) and day 5 (H5). Motility was analyzed using SCA v.2.1. The parameters measured were total motility, progressive motility, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR, WOB, ALH, BCF and sperm hyperactive. The experimental applied was the factorial pattern 2 x 2. The first factor was the type of diluents (CEP-2 and Andromed), and the second factor was additional glutathione (with or without). Data was analyzed by general linear model of SPSS-IBM 24 program. Sexed semen with CEP-2 diluents showed better motility of spermatozoa than andromed in the upper layers (spermatozoa X) and lower layers (spermatozoa Y). The CEP-2 diluent had a big role to maintain motility, progressive motility and velocity spermatozoa during cold storage. The addition of Glutathione 1mM could support the motility of sexed spermatozoa at cold storage, especially for LIN, STR, and WOB values.
Integrating forest science into natural hazard management praxis: an international case study based on the innovative RIU approach
Authors: Kirchner M. , Krott M.
Published: December 2020

The forest science-based solutions for natural hazard management proposed by applied research projects are expected to develop practical relevance. In order to achieve this ambitious goal of knowledge transfer, the innovative Research-Integration-Utilization (RIU) model is applied in
the GreenRisk4Alps Project 1 . The two hypotheses on the integration of scientific information focus on (1) the bi-directional selection of scientific information by actors and (2) the selection of actors within integration forums. A review of literature and empirical evidence collected by
the GreenRisk4Alps project in 2018–2020 show that only selected scientific information makes it into praxis and highlights that three different types of integration forums define the relevant actors who drive the integration into praxis. Based on that RIU model extension we recommend
strengthening the practical relevance of projects by conducting a pre-analysis in order to identify already existing integration forums and to also trigger new integration forums.
Wetting-Drying Resistance of a Lime Stabilized Soil Amended with Steel Slag and Reinforced with Fibres
Authors: James Jijo , Kirubhakaran Alex , Balamurukan R. , Jawahar V. , Soorya S.S.
Published: December 2020

The investigation dealt with the stabilization of expansive soil with combinations of lime, steel slag and reinforced with two types of fibres, copper filaments and polypropylene fibres. The investigation began with the characterization of the soil for its geotechnical properties. The initial consumption of lime required for the modification of the soil properties was determined from the Eades and Grim pH test. Cylindrical specimens of soil with dimensions 38 mm x 76 mm were cast using this lime content as a stabilizer along with varying quantities of steel slag for determination of optimum steel slag content. The pure lime stabilized soil as well as lime-steel slag modified soil specimens were reinforced with different proportions of copper filaments for determination of optimum fibre content. One dosage of polypropylene fibres was also adopted as reinforcement in specimen preparation. The optimal combinations identified were then subjected to a maximum of three cycles of wetting and drying followed by determination of unconfined compression strength (UCS). The expansive soil required a minimum of 3% lime for its modification. The optimum dosage of steel slag was identified as 5% and optimum copper filament content as 1%. Polypropylene content of 0.3% was also adopted as one combination. The results of the investigation revealed that lime stabilized fibre-reinforced soil with copper filaments was the most durable combination followed by polypropylene fibres. The introduction of steel slag in the mix could not generate enough beneficial durability to the soil after three cycles of wetting and drying.
The Attitudes of Students towards Violence
Authors: Fourmanov Igor A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Violence in social relations is an important humanitarian problem that concerns not only the behavior of individuals, but also the entire system of interaction within society as a whole. Most of the research in this area has focused on marital and family relations, leaving aside such essential areas of social life as war, the severity of criminal penalties, and the legality of the death penalty. The topic of studying students' attitudes to violence is relevant, since representatives of this age group belong to the most active and initiative part of modern society. The significance of this study is determined by the possible negative consequences of violent attitudes in behavior and social relations. Aggression and empathy as personality traits influence the formation and implementation of violent attitudes in behavior. The purpose of the article is to study students' violent attitudes.
Materials and Methods. The study rests on the “Questionnaire of violent attitudes” by I. A. Fourmanov and M. V. Apanovich, “Aggression Questionnaire” (AQ) by A. Bass and M. Perry, “Interpersonal Reactivity Index” (IRI) M. Davis. The survey involved 731 first-fourth-year students of various Belarusian universities. Processing of the results was carried out using T-test for comparison of two independent samples, correlation analysis by Pearson and multivariate covariance analysis (MANOVA).
Results. It was found that women have statistically higher rates of attitudes towards the war and punishing offenders than men. Men in comparison with women had more pronounced indices of attitudes towards corporal punishment of children and spousal violence. Discovered a positive relationship between indicators of physical and verbal aggression, anger, hostility, and negative relationship of decentration (PT), compassion (FS), empathic concern (EC) and personal distress (PD) with different attitudes towards violence in men and women. Physical aggression and hostility, regardless of gender, are significant factors that affect the strength of almost all violent attitudes. Characteristics of empathy influence forced installation variable depending on gender.
Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate the current state of violent attitudes of modern students, and allow to develop a system of educational and training resources that promote the formation of students’ peaceful, humanitarian and non-violent attitudes. This article will be useful to university teachers, scientists and psychologists.
Optimization of Mechanical Activation Modes for UHMWPE Dry Mixed Powders and Nanomodificators in the Planetary Ball Mill Pulverisette 7
Authors: Vodyakov Vladimir N. , Kulikovskaya Kseniya A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Currently, in various technology areas, bronze, cast iron and other antifriction metals are replaced by polymer composites, which extend significantly service life of tribocoupling. An advanced antifriction polymer is ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene. The study deals with determining the optimal specific energy consumption for the mechanical activation of the polymer dry mixed powders and nanomodifiers in the planetary ball mill Pulverisette 7, which ensure the best complex of physico-mechanical and rheological properties of nanocomposites.
Materials and Methods. In this work, we used GUR 4120 Ticona ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene with a molecular weight of 5 million, a Tuball Matrix Beta concentrate of activated carbon nanotubes at a concentration of 0.1%, calculated with reference to carbon nanotubes, and hydrophobic nanocrystalline silicon dioxide with a dispersion of 20 nm at the same concentration. Mechanical co-activation of polymer powders and nanomodifiers, when varying the specific energy consumption, was carried out in the planetary ball mill Pulverisette 7. The production of films from powders, for studying the elastic-strength and rheological characteristics of nanocomposites, was carried out with the use of the hydraulic press Gibitre. Tests were carried out respectively on the tensile testing machine UAI-7000 M and the rheometer Haake MARS III.
Results. It has been established that the best physico-mechanical and rheological properties of nanocomposites are with specific energy consumption for mechanical activation of 3,000‒3,200 J/g that allows us to consider them optimal. The mechanical activation of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, reducing slightly the elasticity modulus and tensile strength of thermally pressed samples, does not affect the dynamic viscosity of melts at an energy consumption of 650‒4,550 J/g.
Discussion and Conclusion. The use of carbon nanotubes and nanocrystalline silicon dioxide at a concentration of 0.1% can significantly improve the physical-mechanical and rheological properties of the polymer with energy costs of 3,000‒3,200 J/g for mechanical activation in planetary ball mills. Nanocrystalline silicon dioxide is a more effective modifier that can be explained by its better dispersion in the polymer matrix due to the lower tendency of nanoparticles to agglomerate.
Assessment of Durability and Service Life of Two-Layer Hardened Earth Cutters in Various Soil Conditions
Authors: Sidorov Sergey A. , Mironov Denis A. , Tsench Yuliya S. , Mironova Anastasiya V.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The earth cutter resource depends on the characteristics of the materials they are made from. In particular, the important parameters that directly affect the tillage tool parts efficiency and durability are the values and ratios of the coefficients of relative wear resistance of the two-layer parts materials, as a rule of the hardened deposited layer and the base material (steel). It is established that the characteristics of the relative wear resistance of the materials for earth cutter parts vary depending on the treated soil properties. The objectives of the study are to consider the influence of soil conditions on the values of the relative wear resistance coefficients of two-layer earth cutter part materials and to carry out a comparative assessment of their resource and use efficiency.
Materials and Methods. The authors gave a generalized dependence of the wear proportionality to the existing specific pressures values. The characteristics of soil abrasion were given. The scientific substantiation of the changes in the characteristics of the materials wear resistance at various values of specific pressures was given.
Results. The results of the operational resource tests and the studies of two-layer and monometallic earth cutters are presented. The influences of the values of the operating specific pressures on the coefficients of the relative wear resistance of the materials for the tillage machine parts are determined.
Discussion and Conclusion. The authors have found out that the coefficients of relative wear resistance of materials are not constant, but vary depending on the current surface specific pressures. The correlation of the specific pressure values with the parameters of the tillage operation, in particular with the furrow slice hardness was established. It has been found that while increasing the cultivated soil hardness, the coefficients of various materials relative wear resistance get closer to each other. The difference varies from 1.80 to1.85 times.
Educational Biblical Nationalism and the Project of the Modern Secular State
Authors: Buchardt Mette
Published: December 2020

Biblical Criticism, the historical study of Biblical texts, spread across the Europeanuniversities during the late 19th century, the same period when the European statesmodernized, and identifying state and nation became a political project. The newscientific view on the Bible became in this political reform context a topic of publicdebate: Should the national education systems under construction implementthe modern scientific understanding of the Bible, should school keep teaching theCatechism, or should religious instruction be separated from the school of the nationin order to become a ‘school for all’?Whereas the academic hotbeds of Biblical Criticism were not least the Germanspeakinguniversities and academic institutions in France, the popularization ofBiblical Criticism through education proved more successful in the Nordic states thanin e.g. Prussia and France. The article explores the gradual success of Biblical Criticismeducation reform efforts in the case of Denmark from the late 19th to mid-20th centuryin relation to the development of the state from an absolutist kingdom to a nationstate with constitutional monarchy and parliamentarism, and discusses on this basisthe relation between religion, secularization and educational nation-state crafting.Keywords: Biblical Criticism; Christian modernism; education reform; meso-levelactors; nation-state crafting.