bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
دور المراجعة الخارجية في جودة الإفصاح المحاسبي للقوائم المالية في ظل دوافع مجلس الإدارة بالتلاعب بالسياسات المحاسبية
Authors: عبيد محمد مهـــدي عبيد
Published: January 2025

يهدف هذا البحث إلى قياس أثر العلاقة بين كل من المراجعة الخارجية (متغير مستقل) على جودة الإفصاح المحاسبي (متغير تابع) في ظل دوافع مجلس الإدارة بالتلاعب بالسياسات المحاسبية (متغير وسيط)، ولتحقيق هدف البحث تم تصميم استبانة موجهة إلى عينة من مكاتب المحاسبة والمراجعة، وقد تم الاستعانة بأساليب إحصائية عدة مثل مقاييس النزعة المركزية والمتمثلة بالوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري، والانحدار الخطي البسيط، وتم تحليل الدراسة بواسطة برنامج الحزم الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS). وقد توصل البحث إلى العديد من النتائج أهمها، يوجد أثر معنوي ذو دلالة إحصائية للمراجعة الخارجية على جودة الإفصاح المحاسبي في القوائم المالية، وكذلك يوجد أثر معنوي ذو دلالة إحصائية لرقابة المراجعة الخارجية على دوافع الإدارة بالتلاعب بالسياسات المحاسبية. وقد توصل البحث إلى العديد من التوصيات، أهمها يجب على مكتب مراقب الحسابات أن يراجع علاقته مع العملاء الحاليين بصفة مستمرة مما يعزز جودة الإفصاح المحاسبي، وكذلك على مكتب مراقب الحسابات إجراء تقييم للعميل المحتمل قبل قبول مهمة المراجعة لضمان جودة الإفصاح المحاسبي، ويجب على المنظمات المهنية الخاصة بالعمل المحاسبي عدم التأثر بطبيعة المناخ الاقتصادي والاجتماعي السائد في المجتمع مما يحفز مجلس الإدارة على تمهيد الدخل من خلال التلاعب والتضليل في المعلومات المحاسبية المتعلقة بالدخل بما ينعكس على جودة الإفصاح.
PROJETO PRATO LIMPO: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DE UMA AÇÃO EDUCATIVA EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO CONFESSIONAL
Authors: Lucena Ana Lídia Vaccarezza Antunes Lira , Costa Álace Vaccarezza Barbosa de Almeida Antunes , Jesus Raquel Cristina Silva , Silva Jeandson Moraes , Cordeiro Souza Anselmo , Salgueiro Marcia Maria Hernandes de Abreu de Oliveira
Published: January 2025

Há relatos na literatura de que restaurantes universitários são ambientes propícios a iniciativas de educação em saúde que tenham como intenção diminuir o desperdício de alimentos e conscientizar os alunos a respeito da importância do consumo consciente. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever uma ação educativa sobre a redução do desperdício de alimentos durante as refeições em um restaurante universitário do município de Cachoeira, Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de relato de experiência pensado no contexto de uma ação educativa. Para tanto, se propõe explicitar as atividades realizadas, bem como as estratégias e recursos utilizados, para condução e avaliação do que foi feito. Espera-se que os bons resultados observados nas práticas educativas propostas no presente relato possam contribuir para a replicação de iniciativas semelhantes.
RISCOS OCUPACIONAIS NO SERVIÇO PRÉ HOSPITALAR MÓVEL NA CIDADE DE PALMAS TOCANTINS
Authors: Carvalho Jordane Bonfim , Costa Simone Sampaio , Pitteri Jessimira Soares Muniz , Rodrigues Tatyanni Peixoto
Published: January 2025

O Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar Móvel caracteriza-se como a assistência prestada ou socorro imediato fora do ambiente hospitalar, ou seja, no local da ocorrência do agravo, podendo ser de qualquer natureza. Devido os riscos de sua profissão os socorristas estão sob constante vulnerabilidade a riscos ocupacionais. Os mesmos precisam estar cientes dos tipos de doenças que pode os acometer. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a percepção de riscos ocupacionais que os profissionais atuantes no atendimento móvel de urgência estão expostos diariamente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de uma prospectiva, descritiva simples, exploratória de caráter quantitativo. Foram avaliados 111 profissionais socorristas, através de um questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores para atender aos objetivos. O estudo permitiu identificar como a equipe do serviço móvel de urgência de Palmas fica vulnerável a todo tipo de risco laboral e a percepção que os mesmos tem sobre os riscos físicos, químicos, biológico, esforços físicos, geradores de agravos e sobrecarga mentais.
Zakaz third-party ownership przejawem naruszenia unijnych reguł ochrony konkurencji przez FIFA?
Authors:   Katedra Prawa Gospodarczego Publicznego na Wydziale Prawa Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, Niwiński Radosław
Published: January 2025

Artykuł opisuje mechanizm third-party ownership (dalej: TPO) w piłce nożnej. Autor dokonuje analizy rynku transferowego pod kątem potencjalnych potrzeb zewnętrznego finasowania z wykorzystaniem funduszy inwestycyjnych. Autor zwraca uwagę na orzeczenie sądu I instancji w Brukseli zapadłe w sprawie z wniosku Doyen Sports i klubu Seraing United przeciwko FIFA, UEFA oraz belgijskiej federacji piłki nożnej w przedmiocie zgodności zakazu TPO wskazanego w art. 18 bis i art. 18 ter Regulaminu FIFA z regułami ochrony konkurencji, tj. art. 101 i 102 TFUE i konfrontuje je z dorobkiem orzeczniczym TSUE z zakresu sportu.
Las sociedades solidarias como generadoras de estructuras políticas locales en el periodo de la Restauración. El caso de Montilla
Authors: Polonio Armada Josefa
Published: January 2025

La Restauración (1875-1923) es el periodo en el que se genera en España un sistema político basado en el falseamiento sistemático de las elecciones mediante acuerdos de partidos que se turnan en el poder. Se trata de mantener el statu quo y una cierta estabilidad social. Es el momento de la consolidación del movimiento obrero, y de los esfuerzos de los partidos de gobierno para evitarlo. Las organizaciones que mejor se controlan son las legales, y la mejor forma de evitar su creación es buscar una salida a los problemas que propician su aparición.La Ley de Asociaciones de 1887 genera el marco para la creación de sociedades de socorros mutuos, cooperativas de diversa índole y sindicatos. Los sindicatos católicos agrarios aparecen en 1906. Son estructuras mucho más complejas, y más efectivas.
El modelo cooperativo estudiantil y de consumo como alternativa al capitalismo: el caso de Berkeley, California (1933-2023)
Authors: Suárez Ávila Paola Virginia
Published: January 2025

El artículo analiza la historia compartida de dos cooperativas en la ciudad de Berkeley, California: la Berkeley Student Cooperative (BSC) y la Consumers Cooperative of Berkeley (CCB) como organizaciones creadas en el contexto de la Gran Depresión de 1929 y que se han convertido en modelos clave para el movimiento cooperativo en Estados Unidos. El eje central del artículo discute el origen y crecimiento de las cooperativas de la ciudad de Berkeley como una forma de autoayuda de estudiantes, consumidores, ciudadanos, desempleados y subempleados durante el período de la Gran Depresión y analiza el modelo cooperativo como una alternativa al sistema económico capitalista, enfatizando su capacidad para reducir el racismo, desigualdad y falta de acceso a la educación superior que genera. Finalmente, el artículo subraya la importancia histórica de la formación de cooperativas estudiantiles y de consumo como un proceso único del movimiento cooperativo de los Estados Unidos.
Entre la promoción de cooperativas y el retroceso del Estado. Legislación y políticas públicas cooperativas en Uruguay (1935-2006)
Authors: Martí Juan Pablo
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo estudia la legislación para la promoción de cooperativas a lo largo de la historia del Uruguay. Se presenta la evolución de la legislación cooperativa (con énfasis en las cooperativas agrarias y las cooperativas de trabajo asociado) para explicar si el marco normativo potencia o limita la promoción de cooperativas.Como metodología se construye un relato histórico que describe y explica la evolución de la legislación analizando sus objetivos y el reconocimiento que hace de la especificidad de las cooperativas.Del análisis se desprenden algunas constataciones que reafirman la idea del doble movimiento de promoción cooperativa y retroceso del Estado durante el período estudiado (1935-2006). La primera constatación es que la legislación cooperativa fue tardía respecto de la consolidación del Estado y también en la comparación internacional. La segunda conclusión es que la evolución de la legislación está fuertemente relacionada con las etapas del Estado uruguayo.
Autocratización a fuego lento: el caso de Nicaragua (2000-2024)
Authors: Serra Macià , Rodríguez Suárez Daniel , Martí i Puig Salvador
Published: January 2025

Objective/context: This article dissects the process of democratic regression that has taken place in Nicaragua from 2000 to the present day (2024), drawing primarily on the analytical framework developed by Javier Corrales in his 2022 work, Rising Authoritarianism. Methodology: The quarter-century period is divided into four stages. The first, from 2000 to 2006, during which a liberal democratic regime begins to shift due to spurious political interests; the second, from 2006 to 2011, when the system acquires elements of a hybrid regime and authoritarian elections are introduced; the third, from 2011 to 2019, when the modus operandi—based on co-opting the country’s most influential economic and social actors—abruptly and improvised shifts (following protests) to influence a highly repressive authoritarian system; and a fourth period in which the government deploys a legal framework aimed at curtailing and repressing any form of dissent, hollowing out all state institutions and establishing a closed authoritarian regime. Conclusions: The study concludes that this case represents a paradigmatic example of gradual democratic backsliding, in which state capture and the use of “authoritarian legalism” have been key to maintaining power. Originality: It presents an innovative approach to categorizing and classifying the variations of democratic regression processes by examining the specificities and particularities of the Nicaraguan case.
Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy plus dalpiciclib and exemestane for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Cao Shuo , Niu Nan , Shan Huilian , Xue Jinqi , Chen Guanglei , Xu Yongqing , Yin Jianqiao , Liu Chao , Sun Lisha , Jiang Xiaofan , Tang Meiyue , Xu Qianshi , Jia Mingxuan , Zhang Xu , Zhang Zhenyong , Zhang Qingfu , Wang Jianfei , Li Ailin , Yang Yongliang , Liu Caigang
Published: January 2025

Both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy only result in trivial pathological complete response rates and moderate objective response rates (ORR) in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer, more promising alternatives are urgently needed. With proven synergistic effect of cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor and radiotherapy in preclinical studies, this pilot study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) followed by dalpiciclib and exemestane in HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.This was a single-arm, non-controlled prospective pilot study. Treatment-naïve patients with unilateral HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer received neoadjuvant radiotherapy (24Gy/3F) followed by dalpiciclib and exemestane for 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with residual cancer burden (RCB) score of 0-I. Key secondary endpoints included ORR, biomarker analysis, and safety.All 12 enrolled patients completed the study treatment and surgery. Two (16.7%) of them achieved the RCB 0-I with the ORR of 91.7% (11/12). Analyses of tumor specimens showed significant increase of infiltrating T cells rather than alteration of PD-L1 positive immune cells. The most common grade 3 adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia (66.7%) and leukopenia (25.0%), but no grade 4-5 AE or death occurred.Our results suggested neoadjuvant SBRT followed by dalpiciclib and exemestane are effective and tolerable, and provides novel insights for the neoadjuvant treatment of HR+/HER2-breast cancer, which may be considered as an alternative to patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.
Artesunate, EDTA and colistin work synergistically against MCR-negative and -positive colistin-resistant Salmonella
Authors: Zhai Yajun , Liu Peiyi , Hu Xueqin , Fan Changjian , Cui Xiaodie , He Qibiao , He Dandan , Ma Xiaoyuan , Hu Gongzheng , Zhai Yajun
Published: January 2025

Discovering new strategies to combat the multi-drug resistance bacteria constitutes a major medical challenge of our time. Previously, artesunate (AS) has been reported to exert antibacterial enhancement activity in combination with β-lactam antibiotics, via inhibition of the efflux pump AcrB. However, combination of AS and colistin (COL) revealed weak synergistic effect against a limited number of strains, and few studies have further explored its possible mechanism of synergistic action. In this paper, we found that AS and EDTA could strikingly enhance the antibacterial effects of COL against
mcr
-
1
-
and
mcr
-
1
+
Salmonella
strains either
in vitro
or
in vivo
, when used in triple combination. The excellent bacteriostatic effect was primarily related to the increased cell membrane damage, accumulation of toxic compounds and inhibition of MCR-1. The potential binding sites of AS to MCR-1 (THR283, SER284, and TYR287) were critical for its inhibition of MCR-1 activity. Additionally, we also demonstrated that the CheA of chemosensory system and virulence-related protein SpvD were critical for the bacteriostatic synergistic effects of the triple combination. Selectively targeting CheA, SpvD or MCR using the natural compound AS could be further investigated as an attractive strategy for treatment of
Salmonella
infection. Collectively, our work opens new avenues towards the potentiation of COL and revealed an alternative drug combination strategy to overcome COL resistant bacterial infections.
Priority effects, nutrition and milk glycan-metabolic potential drive Bifidobacterium longum subspecies dynamics in the infant gut microbiome
Authors: Pucci Nicholas , Ujčič-Voortman Joanne , Verhoeff Arnoud P. , Mende Daniel R.
Published: January 2025

Background

The initial colonization of the infant gut is a complex process that defines the foundation for a healthy microbiome development. Bifidobacterium longum is one of the first colonizers of newborns’ gut, playing a crucial role in the healthy development of both the host and its microbiome. However, B. longum exhibits significant genomic diversity, with subspecies (e.g., Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and subsp. longum) displaying distinct ecological and metabolic strategies including differential capabilities to break down human milk glycans (HMGs). To promote healthy infant microbiome development, a good understanding of the factors governing infant microbiome dynamics is required.

Methodology

We analyzed newly sequenced gut microbiome samples of mother-infant pairs from the Amsterdam Infant Microbiome Study (AIMS) and four publicly available datasets to identify important environmental and bifidobacterial features associated with the colonization success and succession outcomes of B. longum subspecies. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were generated and assessed to identify characteristics of B. longum subspecies in relation to early-life gut colonization. We further implemented machine learning tools to identify significant features associated with B. longum subspecies abundance.

Results

B. longum subsp. longum was the most abundant and prevalent gut Bifidobacterium at one month, being replaced by B. longum subsp. infantis at six months of age. By utilizing metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), we reveal significant differences between and within B. longum subspecies in their potential to break down HMGs. We further combined strain-tracking, meta-pangenomics and machine learning to understand these abundance dynamics and found an interplay of priority effects, milk-feeding type and HMG-utilization potential to govern them across the first six months of life. We find higher abundances of B. longum subsp. longum in the maternal gut microbiome, vertical transmission, breast milk and a broader range of HMG-utilizing genes to promote its abundance at one month of age. Eventually, we find B. longum subsp. longum to be replaced by B. longum subsp. infantis at six months of age due to a combination of nutritional intake, HMG-utilization potential and a diminishment of priority effects.

Discussion

Our results establish a strain-level ecological framework explaining early-life abundance dynamics of B. longum subspecies. We highlight the role of priority effects, nutrition and significant variability in HMG-utilization potential in determining the predictable colonization and succession trajectories of B. longum subspecies, with potential implications for promoting infant health and well-being.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteraemia in a Young Boy following Mumps Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Saravanan Jayakanthan , Krithika AP , Geetha M
Published: January 2025

Mumps infection is regarded as one of the main vaccine-preventable diseases in the world. Although mumps is considered one of the most innocuous infections, it can also cause serious complications such as meningoencephalitis, pancreatitis, myocarditis, and long-term issues like deafness and multiple cranial nerve palsies. Due to its predominantly benign nature, it has long been a neglected infection. The Government of India includes the administration of the Measles and Rubella (MR) vaccine only (without the mumps vaccine) at 9 and 15 months of age for all children in the National Immunisation Schedule. In the present case, a nine-year-old boy was brought in with complaints of fever and bilateral swelling in the parotid region for three days, accompanied by pain during chewing. Clinically, patient was diagnosed with a mumps infection. The parotid swelling gradually decreased over the course of one week. However, the boy continued to experience persistent high-grade fever even after the parotitis improved. Complications of mumps, such as orchitis, pancreatitis, and meningoencephalitis, were ruled out. Laboratory investigations revealed the growth of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in the blood, which was sensitive to the antibiotics doxycycline, ciprofloxacin and clindamycin. The boy was started on doxycycline, and the fever abated within 24 hours, leading to constitutional improvement. This unusual presentation of MRSA bacteraemia following a mumps infection underscores the importance of considering all possible differential diagnosis when a child does not follow the expected clinical course and continues to exhibit symptoms without improvement.
MD-Granting Medical Schools in the US, 2022-2023
Authors: Barzansky Barbara , Etzel Sylvia I.
Published: September 2023

This Appendix presents data derived from the 2022-2023 Liaison Committee on Medical Education Annual Medical School Questionnaire-Part II.
Clinical Judgment vs Triage Scales for Detecting Large Vessel Occlusions in Suspected Acute Stroke
Authors: Schlemm Eckhard , Piepke Marius , Kessner Simon S. , Meyer Lukas , Cheng Bastian , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz
Published: September 2023

This cohort study examines clinical judgment of large vessel occlusions compared with triage scales in a sample of patients admitted to the emergency department with suspicion of acute stroke.
Blood Levels of Organochlorine Contaminants Mixtures and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Donat-Vargas Carolina , Schillemans Tessa , Kiviranta Hannu , Rantakokko Panu , de Faire Ulf , Arrebola Juan Pedro , Wolk Alicja , Leander Karin , Åkesson Agneta
Published: September 2023

Importance

Cardiovascular toxic effects derived from high exposures to individual organochlorine compounds are well documented. However, there is no evidence on low but continuous exposure to combined organochlorine compounds in the general population.

Objective

To evaluate the association of combined exposure to several organochlorine compounds, including organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective nested case–control study included data from 2 cohorts: the Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical (SMC-C) and the Cohort of 60-Year-Olds (60YO), with matched case-control pairs based on age, sex, and sample date. Baseline blood sampling occurred from November 2003 to September 2009 (SMC-C) and from August 1997 to March 1999 (60YO), with follow-up through December 2017 (SMC-C) and December 2014 (60YO). Participants with myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke were matched with controls for composite CVD evaluation. Data were analyzed from September 2020 to May 2023.

Exposures

A total of 25 organochlorine compounds were measured in blood at baseline by gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. For 7 compounds, more than 75% of the samples were lower than the limit of detection and not included.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incident cases of primary myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke were ascertained via linkage to the National Patient Register (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes I21 and I63). The quantile-based g-computation method was used to estimate the association between the combined exposure to several organochlorine compounds and composite CVD.

Results

Of 1528 included participants, 1024 (67.0%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 72 (7.0) years in the SMC-C and 61 (0.1) years in the 60YO. The odds ratio of composite CVD was 1.71 (95% CI, 1.11-2.64) per 1-quartile increment of total organochlorine compounds mixture. Organochlorinated pesticides were the largest contributors, and β-hexachlorocyclohexane and transnonachlor had the highest impact. Most of the outcome was not explained by disturbances in the main cardiometabolic risk factors, ie, high body mass index, hypertension, lipid alteration, or diabetes.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prospective nested case-control study, participants with higher exposures to organochlorines had an increased probability of experiencing a cardiovascular event, the major cause of death worldwide. Measures may be required to reduce these exposures.
Mental Health Questions on State Medical License Applications and Evaluation of Updates
Authors: Douglas Rachel N. , Sharpe Emily E. , Kraus Molly , Saddawi-Konefka Daniel , Hanson Andrew C. , Pulos Bridget
Published: September 2023

This cross-sectional study evaluates the consistency of US medical license renewal applications with the Federation of State Medical Boards recommendations for questions regarding physician mental health.
The structure of a Lactobacillus helveticus chlorogenic acid esterase and the dynamics of its insertion domain provide insights into substrate binding
Authors: Omori Kellie K. , Drucker Charles T. , Okumura Tracie L. S. , Carl Nathaniel B. , Dinn Brianna T. , Ly Destiny , Sacapano Kylie N. , Tajii Allie , Owens Cedric P.
Published: September 2023

Chlorogenic acid esterases (ChlEs) are a useful class of enzymes that hydrolyze chlorogenic acid (CGA) into caffeic and quinic acids. ChlEs can break down CGA in foods to improve their sensory properties and release caffeic acid in the digestive system to improve the absorption of bioactive compounds. This work presents the structure, molecular dynamics, and biochemical characterization of a ChlE from Lactobacillus helveticus (Lh). Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that substrate access to the active site of LhChlE is modulated by two hairpin loops above the active site. Docking simulations and mutational analysis suggest that two residues within the loops, Gln145 and Lys164, are important for CGA binding. Lys164 provides a slight substrate preference for CGA, whereas Gln145 is required for efficient turnover. This work is the first to examine the dynamics of a bacterial ChlE and provides insights on substrate binding preference and turnover in this type of enzyme.
Blending
Authors: Renner Vincent
Published: September 2023

This overview of lexical blending includes a definitional discussion, an appraisal of the role of English in its increased frequency in a variety of languages, a taxonomic outline of key types and subtypes, and a focus on two issues of debate – the grammatical or extragrammatical status of blended outputs and the inclusion or exclusion of items made of two initial word fragments. It concludes that two prototypical formal‐cum‐functional strategies of blend formation can be sketched – an associative strategy of novel naming preferably encoded by A{B|C|∅}D constructs and a syntagmatic strategy of compacted renaming preferably encoded by AC constructs.
Borrowing of Morphology
Authors: Arkadiev Peter , Kozhanov Kirill
Published: September 2023

This is a survey of the domain of morphological borrowing complemented with a case study of contact‐induced phenomena in the domain of verbal prefixes in Baltic, Slavic and neighbouring languages. Section 2 presents a concise overview of the main divisions and analytical problems of morphological borrowing, focusing on the distinction between matter borrowing and pattern borrowing, on the one hand, and on the borrowing of different types of morphology (e.g. derivation vs inflection, affixes vs processes, etc.). Section 3 further illustrates these issues on the basis of the data of the borrowing phenomena involving verbal prefixes in Baltic and Slavic, such as borrowing of individual prefixes from Slavic into Baltic dialects and of whole systems of prefixes from Slavic into Romani and Istro‐Romanian and from Baltic into Livonian, as well as cases of pattern replication involving verbal prefixes in Lithuanian, Yiddish and Romani. The borrowability of the Slavic and Baltic verbal aspect expressed by means of prefixation is also discussed, and it is shown that the aspectual values of borrowed prefixes are never exact copies of their counterparts in the source languages.
Gender and Its Morphological Effects
Authors: Lloret Maria‐Rosa
Published: September 2023

In the prevailing linguistic literature, gender is considered as a morphosyntactic property to which agreement is sensitive. Gender is widespread in the world's languages; there are, however, many languages that lack it, though they may have systems of noun classification for reasons other than grammatical agreement. Gender agreement is an asymmetrical relation in the sense that one member of the agreement relation (the target) depends on the other member (the controller) for the gender property. The element that governs the relation (nouns and, in some languages, deictic pronouns) has lexical gender, though it is not necessarily arbitrary. Where nominal properties and agreement behaviour suggest different genders, agreement is the decisive indication of gender. The assignment of gender to nouns always has a nucleus in which semantics operates, above all grounded on distinctions of animacy, humanness and biological sex; yet often, formal criteria, either alone or together with semantics, determine gender ascription, with the possibility that the gender of some nouns remains unpredictable. In some languages, gender is expressed in the pronominal system only. Across the languages of the world, gender shows a great variety in the type of agreeing elements and also in the formal devices employed to mark it.
Linking Elements
Authors: De Belder Marijke
Published: September 2023

Linking elements may fulfil two very different roles: they may be phonotactic elements or may realize a morphosyntactic head. This entry presents a case study of linking elements that fulfil a morphosyntactic role in Dutch. When linking elements are of this type, one should be aware that they may be null morphemes. Dutch linking elements are noun class markers; hence the fact that two of them are identical to plural marking results from cumulative exponence. A careful study of such elements gives new insights into two domains: the morphosyntax of the compound's left‐hand part; and the morphosyntax of the nominal domain.
Noun Class Agreement in Niger‐Congo Languages
Authors: Creissels Denis
Published: September 2023

Building on a revision of the conceptual and terminological framework commonly used in the description of the Niger‐Congo systems of noun inflection and gender commonly analysed in terms of ‘noun classes’, this entry surveys the characteristic features of the Niger‐Congo systems of gender‐number agreement, with a particular attention to phenomena that are problematic for the traditional approach conflating the number markers of nouns and the gender‐number agreement markers into a single category of ‘class markers’.
Optical Thermometer Based on Efficient Near‐Infrared Dual‐Emission of Cr3+ and Ni2+ in Magnetoplumbite Structure
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Li Guogang , Li Guangzhi , Liu Dongjie , Dang Peipei , Qiu Lei , Lian Hongzhou , Molokeev Maxim S. , Lin Jun
Published: September 2023

Recently, an optical thermometer based on the dual‐emitting fluorescent intensity ratio (FIR) in the visible light (VIS) region has achieved great development. However, there is very little progress in thermometers from NIR light. In this work, a novel optical thermometer based on highly efficient NIR dual‐emission of Cr3+ and Ni2+ in LaZnGa11O19 (LZG) with a magnetoplumbite structure is designed. Utilizing energy transfer from Cr3+ to Ni2+, the dual‐emission shows a wide coverage in the 650–1600 nm region, covering the NIR I and II windows, respectively. The as‐reported LZG:0.3Cr3+ and LZG:0.3Cr3+,0.01Ni2+ phosphors can reach internal/external quantum efficiency (IQE/EQE) of 94%/64% and 77%/53%, respectively. The electroluminescence property and potential applications in spectroscopic analysis, night‐vision, and bioimaging of fabricated NIR‐LED with LZG:0.3Cr3+,0.01Ni2+ have also been investigated. In addition, the designed ratiometric optical thermometer responds to wide temperature ranges (100‐175 K, 200–475 K) and shows a maximum relative sensitivity value (Sr) of 2.4% K−1 at 475 K. The optical performance of absorption in the red region and emission in the NIR region enables the LZG:0.3Cr3+,0.01Ni2+ to become a candidate for NIR optical thermometers in biotechnological applications.
Switching Lead for Tin in PbHfO3: Noncubic Structure of SnHfO3**
Authors: Gabilondo Eric A. , Newell Ryan J. , Broughton Rachel , Koldemir Aylin , Pöttgen Rainer , Jones Jacob L. , Maggard Paul A.
Published: September 2023

The removal of lead from commercialized perovskite‐oxide‐based piezoceramics has been a recent major topic in materials research owing to legislation in many countries. In this regard, Sn(II)‐perovskite oxides have garnered keen interest due to their predicted large spontaneous electric polarizations and isoelectronic nature for substitution of Pb(II) cations. However, they have not been considered synthesizable owing to their high metastability. Herein, the perovskite lead hafnate, i.e., PbHfO3 in space group Pbam, is shown to react with SnClF at a low temperature of 300 °C, and resulting in the first complete Sn(II)‐for‐Pb(II) substitution, i.e. SnHfO3. During this topotactic transformation, a high purity and crystallinity is conserved with Pbam symmetry, as confirmed by X‐ray and electron diffraction, elemental analysis, and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. In situ diffraction shows SnHfO3 also possesses reversible phase transformations and is potentially polar between ≈130–200 °C. This so‐called ‘de‐leadification’ is thus shown to represent a highly useful strategy to fully remove lead from perovskite‐oxide‐based piezoceramics and opening the door to new explorations of polar and antipolar Sn(II)‐oxide materials.
Fabrication of novel printable artificial bone composites used as cartilage scaffolds by an additive manufacturing process
Authors: Sun Jingfeng , Qin Liuqi , Wang Dashuang , Zhao Hui , Gong Mofeng , Dong Xianming , Ding Ke , Zheng Wenxu , Zhou Wuyi
Published: September 2023

Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer, has become a major raw material in the field of 3D printing. However, some defects such as high brittleness and average bioactivity limit its application. In this study, a novel 3D printing composite of animal bone powder/polyethylene glycol/polylactic acid was prepared and investigated. The structures and properties of bHA/PEG/PLA composites were compared with commercial micron‐sized hydroxyapatite (mHA) and nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites. The study results show that the bHA has the same chemical structure as mHA and nHA, but its average particle size is 390 nm, which is quite different from mHA and nHA. When the PEG content is 14%, the toughness of the PEG/PLA blends is good, and its elongation at break reaches 96.23%. The bending strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break of bHA/PEG/PLA composites reach 25.1 MPa, 16.3 MPa, and 11.32%, respectively, which are all higher than those of mHA/PEG/PLA and similar to those of nHA/PEG/PLA. The bHA/PEG/PLA biological scaffolds prepared by 3D printing show good biocompatibility in cytotoxicity experiments and have good application prospects in bone tissue engineering.
Associations between early language, motor abilities, and later autism traits in infants with typical and elevated likelihood of autism
Authors: Li Leyan , Pasco Greg , Ali Jannath Begum , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J. H. , Charman Tony
Published: September 2023

Slower acquisition of language and motor milestones are common in infants with later autism and studies have indicated that motor skills predict the rate of language development, suggesting these domains of development may be interlinked. However, the inter‐relationships between the two domains over development and emerging autistic traits are not fully established. We studied language and motor development using standardized observational and parent‐report measures in infants with (n = 271) and without (n = 137) a family history of autism across four waves of data collection from 10 to 36 months. We used Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Models to examine contemporaneous and longitudinal associations between language and motor developments in both elevated and typical likelihood groups. We estimated paths between language and motor abilities at 10, 14, 24, and 36 months and autism trait scores at 36 months, to test whether the domains were interrelated and how they related to emerging autism traits. Results revealed consistent bidirectional Expressive Language (EL) and Fine Motor (FM) cross‐lagged effects from 10 to 24 and a unidirectional EL to FM effect from 24 to 36 months as well as significantly correlated random intercepts between Gross motor (GM) and Receptive language (RL), indicating stable concurrent associations over time. However, only the associations between GM and RL were associated with later autism traits. Early motor and language are linked, but only gross motor and receptive language are jointly associated with autistic traits in infants with an autism family history.
CUNY case serves as reminder for colleges, universities to ensure accessibility of course content
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: September 2023

The U.S. Department of Justice, through the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, has reached a voluntary compliance agreement with the City University of New York. The agreement requires CUNY to prepare and implement systemwide policies to ensure improved accessibility of educational content, proper training of staff and facility, and effective modifications and auxiliary aids and services (bit.ly/3OD3icq).
Review student discipline rulings
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: September 2023

An overview of the key topics faced by higher education administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
A prospective longitudinal analysis of the predictors of amenorrhea after breast cancer chemotherapy: Impact of BRCA pathogenic variants
Authors: Oktay Kutluk H. , Turan Volkan , Bedoschi Giuliano , Abdo Nadia , Bang Heejung , Goldfarb Shari
Published: September 2023

Background

Better tools for post‐chemotherapy amenorrhea risk assessment are needed for fertility preservation decision‐making. Our aim was to determine the predictors of amenorrhea risk at 12 and 18 months post‐chemotherapy in women with breast cancer.

Methods

142 women with breast cancer were longitudinally followed for their menstrual changes at 6, 12, and 18 months after the completion of adjuvant chemotherapy with an Anthracycline‐Cyclophosphamide‐based (AC‐based) or Cyclophosphamide‐Methotrexate +5‐Fluorouracil regimen. Pre‐ and/or post‐chemo AMH levels, age, BMI, tamoxifen use, regimen type, and germline BRCA pathogenic variant (gBRCApv) status were evaluated for the prediction of amenorrhea at 6–18 months.

Results

In multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression, age (p = 0.03) and AMH (p = 0.03) at 12 months, and gBRCApv status (p = 0.03) at 18 months were significant predictors of amenorrhea (areas under the ROC curve of 0.77 and 0.76, for 12 and 18 months, respectively) among 102 evaluable subjects. An undetectable AMH immediately post‐chemotherapy was predictive of amenorrhea with <18 month follow‐up. In longitudinal analysis estimating time trends, baseline AMH and gBRCApv status was associated with the risk of amenorrhea over 6–18 months; the AMH >2.0 ng/mL group showed attenuated time‐trend risk of amenorrhea versus AMH ≤2.0 group (ratio of ORs = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86–0.97, p = 0.002), while the gBRCApv + showed a steeper time trend, versus the controls (ratio of ORs = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04–1.20, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

In addition to the pre‐ and post‐treatment AMH levels, gBRCApv status is a novel potential predictor of amenorrhea at 12 and 18 months after chemotherapy. The higher likelihood of amenorrhea in women gBRCApv suggests that they are more prone to losing their fertility post‐chemotherapy.
Evaluation of the Potential Therapeutic Properties of Liquidambar orientalis Oil
Authors: Cengiz Baloglu Mehmet , Yildiz Ozer Lutfiye , Pirci Buket , Zengin Gokhan , Ibrahim Uba Abdullahi , Celik Altunoglu Yasemin
Published: September 2023

Liquidambar orientalis Mill., commonly called the Anatolian sweetgum or Sigla tree, is endemic to southwestern Turkey. It has been historically significant in traditional medicine. In our research, we delved into the therapeutic attributes of its oil, emphasizing its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties. The primary chemical constituent of the gum is styrene, accounting for 78.5 %. The gum demonstrated antioxidant capabilities in several assays, including in 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). It displayed bactericidal actions against various gram‐positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, and gram‐negative strains, including Escherichia coli. Additionally, the oil showcased potent antitumor effects against breast (MDA‐MB‐231), lung (A549), and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines. These effects were found to be both time‐ and dose‐dependent. L. orientalis Mill. oil showed the best antitumor activity against breast, lung, and prostate cancer cell lines after the 24 h and 48 h treatment. Its oil might induce autophagy in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line, whereas its cytotoxicity against MDA‐MB‐231 and A549 cancer cell lines might not be correlated with autophagy or apoptosis pathways. In conclusion, the oil from the Sigla tree offers promising therapeutic potential and warrants further exploration.
Trends and outcomes of combined percutaneous (TAVI+PCI) and surgical approach (SAVR+CABG) for patients with aortic valve and coronary artery disease: A National Readmission Database (NRD) analysis
Authors: Ullah Waqas , Sarvepalli Deepika , Kumar Arnav , Zahid Salman , Saleem Sameer , Muhammadzai Hamza Z. U. , Khattak Furqan , Block Peter C. , Jaber Wissam A. , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Filby Steven J. , Devireddy Chandan
Published: September 2023

Background

In patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and concomitant severe coronary artery disease (CAD), the relative merits of a combined percutaneous (transcatheter aortic valve implantation [TAVI] and percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]] versus surgical approach (surgical aortic valve replacement [SAVR] and coronary artery bypass graft [CABG]) remain unknown.

Aims

To determine the utility of combined percutaneous versus surgical approaches in patients with severe AS and CAD.

Methods

The National Readmission Database (NRD) (2015–2019) was queried to identify all cases of TAVI+PCI and SAVR+CABG. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of mortality, stroke, and its composite (major adverse cardiovascular events [MACE]) were calculated using a propensity‐score matched (PSM) analysis.

Results

A total of 89,314 (5358 TAVI+PCI, 83,956 SAVR+CABG) patients were included in the crude analysis. There was a gradual increase in the utilization of TAVI+PCI from 2016 to 2019 by 2%–4% per year. Using PSM, a subset of 11,361 (5358 TAVI+PCI, 6003 SAVR+CABG) patients with a balanced set of demographics and baseline comorbidities was selected. During index hospitalization, the adjusted odds of MACE (aOR 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.83), and all‐cause mortality (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.57–0.81) were significantly lower in patients undergoing TAVI+PCI compared with SAVR+CABG. However, patients undergoing TAVI+PCI had a higher incidence of MACE (aOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.05–1.87), and mortality (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.22–2.50) at 30‐days. The risk of index‐admission (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.62–1.09) and 30‐day (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.51–1.51) stroke was similar between the two groups.

Conclusion

In selected patients with severe AS and concomitant CAD, a combined percutaneous approach (TAVR+PCI) compared with SAVR+CABG may confer a lower risk of MACE and mortality during index admission but a higher incidence of 30‐day complications.
Transformation of HHV‐8‐negative idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease into diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: A case report from Nepal
Authors: Gupta Ashwini , Anand Ayush , Hussain Salman Haidar , Shah Raju , Ranjan Rajesh , Subedi Viplaw , Baral Aastha , Mishra Akshat , Pradhan Anju , Dulal Soniya
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Idiopathic Castleman disease transforming into Diffuse Large B‐cell Lymphoma has an aggressive course and can lead to mortality. Hence, early diagnosis and intervention are required.

Idiopathic Castleman disease transforming into non‐Hodgkin lymphoma has an aggressive course, poor prognosis, and high mortality rate. Hence, early diagnosis and intervention are necessary. In a developing country like Nepal, where infectious diseases, particularly TB, are high, concomitant infection worsens the disease course. It also poses a diagnostic challenge as the clinical presentation may be similar.
Synergistic Mechanism of 0D Internal and Surface Defects Regulation Coupled with Pyroelectric Effects for Optimizing the Photoelectrocatalytic Properties of CdS
Authors: Chen Xingfei , Liu Zhifeng , Ruan Mengnan , Wang Chengyi , Guo Zhengang
Published: September 2023

Rational defect regulation is an effective way to enhance the performance of photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting. In this paper, we firstly constructed internal and surface defects to modulate the crystal structure of CdS, and investigated the synergistic impact of 0D (0‐dimensional) internal and surface defects regulation coupled with pyroelectric effects for optimizing the photoelectrocatalytic properties of CdS. It was found that the synergistic impact had a significant enhancement effect on the carrier separation and transfer, and the current density reached 3.93 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE increased by 16.38 times, meanwhile, the stability of the photoelectrodes was greatly promoted. The advantages and intrinsic relationships are also described: the formation of 0D dual‐type of defects alters the atomic arrangement in the crystal, optimizes the energy band structure, reduces carrier recombination, and increases carrier density. What's more, the introduction of defects induces electron redistribution and changes the state of dipoles inside the crystal, thus increasing built‐in electric field and generating more thermally generated carriers to optimize the pyroelectric effect. This work demonstrates the feasibility of defect modulation for optimizing pyroelectric performance and photocatalytic performance and bringing new light to PEC water splitting.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of (Hetero)Aryl Halides in a Proton‐Exchange Membrane Reactor and its Application for Deuteration
Authors: Ashikari Yosuke , Mandai Kyoko , Yao Yiyue , Tsuchihashi Yuta , Nagaki Aiichiro
Published: September 2023

We developed an electrocatalytic reduction of (hetero)aryl halides under mild conditions using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) reactor. This approach allows substituting the halogeno groups on the aryl rings to protons by water and electron. Taking advantage of this transformation, deuterodehalogenation of (hetero)aryl halides, which forms mono‐deuterated (hetero)aryls, was demonstrated using heavy water as a deuterium source. The current efficiency and deuterium ratio could be increased by the conditions optimized by machine‐learning method, Bayesian optimization.
Full‐Scale Steel Moment‐Resisting Frame with Dissipative Bolted Connections under Monotonic Loads: Experimental versus Numerical Results
Authors: Balaskas Georgios , Don Rafaela , Vulcu Cristian , Hoffmeister Benno
Published: September 2023

In the light of the new National Annex in Germany (DIN‐EN‐1998‐1/NA), in which extended seismic areas and higher spectral accelerations are specified, dissipative design of steel structures gains significance for moderate seismic regions as well. The use of the inherent ductility of steel can lead to an effective and safe design. Thus, a series of beam‐to‐column joints with dissipative bolted connections for Moment‐Resisting Frames were developed within an ongoing German‐funded project. The aim is to develop joint typologies, which can dissipate energy through a ductile response of the connection. Joints from the German catalogue of typical connections were used as a starting point. They were investigated and improved using FE numerical simulations to exclude brittle failure and provide dissipative, semi‐rigid and partial‐strength beam‐to‐column joints, which could allow for the use of behaviour factors in the range 1.5÷3. The optimized joints were used within full‐scale frame specimens (10.0 m length, 3.0 m height) and tested under monotonic and cyclic loads. The paper provides an overview of the: ▪ experimental program; ▪ monotonic test results; ▪ numerical results of the calibrated numerical model, as well as the response of the beam‐to‐column joints; ▪ main conclusions.
Strength of connections between SHS columns and through plates
Authors: Sato Atsushi , Latour Massimo , de la Peña Amparo , Di Benedetto Sabatino , Francavilla Antonella Bianca , Rizzano Gianvittorio
Published: September 2023

The use of Square‐Hollow‐Section (SHS) members as columns of moment‐resisting frames is a very interesting solution thanks to several benefits they can provide. However, especially in Europe and the USA, the use of SHS columns is limited by the complexity related to the realisation of beam‐to‐column connections. Nevertheless, the recent use in civil engineering of Laser Cutting Technology (LCT) has offered the opportunity to manufacture welded connections by properly cutting the tubular profile with the imprint of the cross‐section shape of the double‐tee member. Such a solution is an improved alternative to the joint with the I‐beam welded to the external surface of the hollow profile since higher flexural strength and stiffness can be provided. Considering the importance of such a topic, this connection is currently being studied at the University of Salerno within the framework of the component method approach.

In this view, the research activity discussed in this paper deals with studying the monotonic behaviour experienced by welded connections between SHS tubes and through‐all plates. In fact, this component is intended to be representative of the actions applied on the tube by each of the beam flanges of a double‐tee profile. In particular, this nodal component has been identified and studied thanks to numerical simulations and theoretical approaches, leading to analytical design formulations.