bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Ditinjau dari Aspek Context, Input, Process, Product di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mitarani Ni Nyoman , Putra I Made
Published: April 2024

Evaluasi sangat diperlukan dalam perencanaan supervise kepala sekolah. Tanpa adanya evaluasi, maka sekolah tidak mengetahui kendala yang sedang dihadapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas Studi Evaluasi Supervisi Kepala Sekolah ditinjau dari Aspek (Context, Input, Process, Product) di Sekolah Dasar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah evaluasi dengan menggunakan model evaluasi CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Subjek yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 64 kepala sekolah. Pengumpulan data evaluasi supervisi kepala sekolah ini dilakukan dengan metode non tes dan instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner langsung dan tidak langsung. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistika deskriptif kuantitatif, kemudian dikonversikan ke dalam Z skor selanjutnya ditransformasikan ke dalam T skor. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) komponen variabel context dengan efektivitas 3%, (2) efektivitas variabel input sebesar 6,3%, (3) efektivitas variabel process sebesar 3,7%, dan (4) efektivitas variabel product sebesar 21,9%. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan supervise kepala sekolah termasuk dalam kuadran efektif.
Media Pembelajaran Kartu Bergambar untuk Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Interpersonal Anak
Authors: Rosalina Putu Pena , Ujianti Putu Rahayu , Paramita Made Vina Arie
Published: April 2024

Media pembelajaran merupakan salah satu komponen dalam pembelajaran yang tidak berdiri sendiri tetapi saling berhubungan dengan komponen lainnya dalam rangka menciptakan situasi belajar yang diharapkan serta dikemas semenarik mungkin agar peserta didik tertarik dengan materi yang disampaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk media pembelajaran kartu bergambar untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan interpersonal yang layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran pada anak usia dini. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan, prosedur pengembangan menggunakan model ADDIE meliputi 5 tahapan yaitu: tahap analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket validasi ahli materi dan media. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil validasi ahli materi masuk ke dalam kategori baik dengan jumlah rata-rata keseluruhan 4,37. Hasil validasi ahli media masuk ke dalam kategori sangat baik dengan jumlah rata-rata keseluruhan 3,75. Hal ini artinya media yang dikembangkan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan interpersonal pada anak usia dini.
Strategi Powers Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Report Siswa
Authors: Kefi P. R. , Utami I.G.L.P , Widyareni L.P.
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks laporan siswa dengan menggunakan strategi POWERS di SMA Laboratorium Undiksha khususnya kelas X Ilmu Bahasa dan budaya. Ada 21 siswa di kelas, terdiri dari 9 laki-laki dan 12 perempuan. Penelitian ini dirancang dalam bentuk penelitian berbasis tindakan kelas yang diselesaikan dalam dua siklus. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan dua jenis instrumen yaitu kualitatif dan kuantitatif, untuk kualitatif penulis menggunakan observasi dan wawancara yang dianalisis secara deskriptif dan untuk kuantitatif wirter menggunakan tes menulis siswa yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan rubrik menulis dari Brown (2007). Target penelitian ini adalah mencapai nilai ketuntasan minimum yaitu ≥75. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi POWERS efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa dalam skor rata-rata dalam tes menulis dan jumlah siswa yang lulus tes. Setelah dua siklus dilakukan, ada peningkatan yang signifikan pada nilai rata-rata siswa. Ditemukan bahwa nilai rata-rata siswa dalam tes pra-tes adalah 58,81% (rendah), dan ini meningkat menjadi 68,10% (sedang) pada post-test1 dan kemudian menjadi 81,95% (di atas rata-rata) pada post-test 2. Berdasarkan evaluasi dari siklus pertama. Peneliti memutuskan untuk mengubah modifakasi kelompok sehingga penelitian ini mencapai target yang diharapkan. Peningkatan skor rata-rata siswa juga didukung oleh minat siswa selama proses belajar mengajar. Selain itu, para siswa menemukan bahwa kegiatan dalam strategi POWERS membantu mereka untuk menulis teks laporan. Selanjutnya, untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal, kerja kelompok dapat digunakan untuk membantu siswa untuk bekerja bersama dan mendorong partisipasi mereka.
Tingkatkan Hasil Belajar Muatan IPS Tema Berbagai Pekerjaan Kelas IV Dengan Menggunakan Media Video Animasi
Authors: Karma Yasa Yogi , Ndara Tanggu Renda  , I Nyoman Laba Jayanta
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kuaranganya media pembelajran inovatif di sekolah yang menyebabkan guru jarang menggunakan media sehingga pembelajaran menjadi monoton. Hal tersebut berdampak pada siswa dimana minat belajar siswa menuruh sehingga hasil belajar siswa pun ikut menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menghasilkan rancang bangun media video animasi pada muatan pembelajaran IPS tema 4 berbagai pekerjaan kelas IV Sekolah Dasar yang telah teruji validitas isi dan kepraktisannya. Pada penelitian pengembangan ini dikembangkan sebuah video animasi yang bermuatan pembelajaran IPS. Penelitian pengembangan ini berpedoman pada prosedur ADDIE. Subjek dari penelitian pengembangan ini yaitu 2 orang untuk ahli materi,, 2 orang untuk ahli media dan desain, 2 orang guru untuk uji praktisi, 15 orang siswa sebagai respon. Metode pengumpulan data dari penelitian pengembangan ini yaitu metode wawancara dan instrumen yang digunakan berupa rating scale dengan menggunakan skala 5. Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini dianalisis menggunakan rumus Mean untuk mendapatkan rata-rata skor dari data yang diperoleh. Skor validasi video pembelajaran animasi ahli materi 4,6 dengan kualifikasi “sangat baik”, ahli media 4,6 dengan kualifikasi “sangat baik”, ahli desain 4,6 dengan kualifikasi “sangat baik”, uji praktisi 4,8 dengan kualifikasi “sangat baik” dan respon siswa 4,7 dengan kualifikasi “sangat baik”. Oleh karena itu video animasi pada tema 4 berbagai pekerjaan kelas IV SD dikualifikasikan “sangat baik”. Sehingga dari analisis video animasi pada muatan pembelajaran IPS Tema 4 berbagai pekerjaan yang melalui uji coba dari beberapa ahli dapat dinyatakan Valid dan praktis digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Aktivitas Pembelajaran Berbantuan Media Pembelajaran Wizer.Me Meningkatkan Literasi Numerasi dan Kemampuan Metakogntif pada Materi Bilangan Bulat
Authors: I Ketut Puspayoga Ariana  , I Wayan Widiana  , Kadek Yudiana
Published: April 2024

Aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran hanya terbatas pada aktivitas mendengarkan penjelasan dari guru, dan penugasan. Hal ini berdampak pada kurangnya kemampuan literasi numerasi dan kemampuan metakognitif siswa.  Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengembangkan aktivitas pembelajaran berbantuan media pembelajaran wizer.me terhadap literasi numerasi dan kemampuan metakogntif pada materi bilangan bulat. Penelitian ini merukan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 4 ahli isi aktivitas pembelajaran. Subjek uji coba produk terdiri dari 2 guru dan 39 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian pengembangan ini adalah menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, studi dokumentasi, rating scale, tes dan kuesioner. Instrument yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner. Metode dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif, analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, dan analisis statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian yaitu diperoleh signifikasi sebesar 0,000 baik di uji secara bersama-sama maupun terpisah. Hal ini berarti, signifikasi yang diperoleh lebih kecil dari 0,05 jadi terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan literasi numerasi dan kemampuan metakognitif antara siswa yang mengikuti aktivitas pembelajaran berbantuan media pembelajaran wizer.me dengan siswa yang mengikuti aktivitas pembelajaran tanpa berbantuan media pembelajaran wizer.me. Penggunaan aktivitas pembelajaran berbantuan media pembelajaran wizer.me dapat memberikan dampak positif dalam pembelajaran.
Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share Berbantuan Kartu Bergambar Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Siswa Kelas V SD
Authors: Dewi Kadek Budi Apsari , Ganing Ni Nyoman , Suniasih Ni Wayan
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang signifikan model Think Pair Share berbantuan kartu bergambar terhadap keterampilan menulis siswa kelas V SD. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas V SD di Gugus VII Sayan Kecamatan Ubud yang berjumlah 150 orang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. Penentuan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik random sampling. Rata-rata nilai kelompok eksperimen yaitu sebesar 73,57 dan rata-rata nilai kelompok kontrol sebesar 64,05. Data keterampilan menulis dikumpulkan dengan tes keterampilan menulis dilengkapi rubrik penilaian. Data yang dikummpulkan dianalisis dengan uji-t poleed variance. Hasil analisis uji-t menunjukkan bahwa t hitung sama dengan  4,435 lebih dari ttabel sama dengan 2,000, maka H0 ditolak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model Think Pair Share berbantuan kartu bergambar terhadap keterampilan menulis siswa kelas V SD.
THE RHETORICAL MODEL OF ENGLISH SALES COPIES POSTED ON INSTAGRAM
Authors: Warsidi Warsidi
Published: April 2024

In this internet era, the issue of market globalization has led and encouraged both individual and cooperative businesses to improve their creativity for selling products widely. However, studies that underpin this essential issue in linguistic concerns are still limited. Studies on the rhetorical structure of English sales copies, for example, have been rarely conducted, while investigating this fundamental issue is urgently conducted to improve product sales globally. In responding to this urgent need, I investigated the rhetorical model of English sales copies. Data in this study are 30 English sales copies posted on Instagram. These data were collected by three students taking a course in creative writing. For the analysis, I employed genre-based analysis using a top-down approach. The analysis discovered a rhetorical model that fitted the rhetorical structures of the present data set. The model contained three important functional moves, namely establishing a positive impression, establishing customers’ interest, and facilitating the purchasing process. To realize these functional moves, copywriters employed some possible strategies. Compared to earlier literature, the present finding has differences from those found in literature, on the one hand, but similarities, on the other hand. For example, establishing customers’ interest, and facilitating the purchasing process are obligatory, while establishing a positive impression is conventional in the present study.
Introduction to Basics of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Authors: Dorjsuren Narantungalag , Sukhbaatar Sarnai
Published: April 2024

No abstract in English
The impact of crowdsourcing and user-driven innovation on R&D departments’ innovation activity: Application of multivariate correspondence analysis
Authors: Szopik-Depczyńska Katarzyna , Dembińska Izabela , Barczak Agnieszka , Kędzierska-Szczepaniak Angelika , Fazio Maria , Ioppolo Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Research background: In enterprise practices, innovation management is taking on more and more open forms. New, creative sources of inspiration are being sought. More and more companies are opening up to cooperation with external people or entities, thus entering a path of open innovation and crowdsourcing. This development is facilitated by increasingly large numbers of online and virtual communities. The idea is to use the potential of the crowd — collective intelligence and creativity. As the strategy is still developing, knowledge in this area is limited. There is a paucity of research on the impact of crowdsourcing on R&D departments and their innovative activities.
Purpose of the article: The study aims to determine whether the use of customer support in the form of crowdsourcing affects the innovative activities of R&D departments that implement user-driven innovation (UDI).
Methods: An original questionnaire was used for the study. Fifty-seven R&D departments in Poland participated in the research. A correspondence analysis, performed on the basis of the Burt matrix, was applied for the analysis. The authors also used Cramer's V correlation coefficients. Examination of the acquired correlation coefficients reveals the existence of four distinct categories of enterprises regarding the usage of crowdsourcing and implementation of product innovations, completed R&D projects, employment in R&D departments, and percentage of revenue allocating in R&D works.
Findings & value added:  Research has shown that R&D departments positively evaluate the effects of using UDI in market research analyses of customer purchasing behavior. It helps to create or improve products or services offered on the market, especially in the field of customization, using the information from national research and development units at the same time. Their purpose is mainly to increase the product range. The findings can help academics and practitioners improve the body of knowledge about the determinants of innovation activity, especially concerning relationships with customers and user-driven innovation practices.
SMEs sustainability: The role of human resource management, corporate social responsibility and financial management
Authors: Belas Jaroslav , Jan Dvorsky , Hlawiczka Roman , Smrcka Lubos , Khan Khurram Ajaz
Published: April 2024

Research background: The sustainability of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represents a significant scientific and professional problem in the current turbulent period because these enterprises play an important role in any country’s economic and social systems.
Purpose of the article: This paper aimed to define the significant sustainability factors of small and medium-sized enterprises and to quantify their impact and importance on the sustainability of SMEs. The areas of Human Resource Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, and financial management were defined as significant sustainability factors.
Methods: Empirical research, on which the scientific hypotheses were formulated and evaluated, was conducted in June 2022 in V4 countries (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland, and Hungary) using a structured questionnaire. The study accumulated a sample of 1398 respondents. Data collection was conducted through an external agency, MN FORCE, operating in Central European countries. The Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method was used to record respondents’ perceptions. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the hypotheses.
Findings & value added: The research showed that all defined factors in the areas of Human resource management (HRM), Corporate social responsibility (CSR), and financial management of the firm had an impact on defined sustainability attributes. The greatest impact was found on the firm’s financial management, followed by CSR and HRM. The empirical results confirm that the intensity of the independent variables varies across the V4 countries. These results also show that the intensity of the selected HRM, CSR, and financial management factors of a firm is higher in the integrated models than in the models for individual V4 countries. The research results have shown that a range of factors determine the right attitude towards the sustainability of companies. In this context, economic policymakers and entrepreneurs must perceive sustainable growth as complex and apply a systemic approach to its design and implementation.
Organizational and tactical features of the inspection during the investigation of hooliganism committed by football fans
Authors: Klimov B. V.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the organizational and tactical features of the review and during the investigation of hooliganism committed by football fans.

The methodological basis of the study was the generalized data of the studied materials of archival criminal proceedings on the facts of hooliganism committed by football fans, as well as the consolidated data of surveys of investigators (inquisitors) and operatives of criminal police units. The used survey methods (interviews, questionnaires), analysis, and synthesis allowed the author to obtain reliable data, summarize scientific results and come to the following conclusions: 1) the review is a comprehensive priority and urgent investigative (search) action, which is characterized by the greatest informativeness at the primary stage of the investigation of hooliganism committed by football fans, in particular, to establish the circumstances that are important for the organization of the work of the investigative- operational group, the involvement of additional forces and means, the correct choice of the algorithm of actions, putting forward versions, detecting, extracting, fixing and storing ideal and material traces; 2) nodal places and objects subject to inspection, which store the largest amount of evidentiary and orienting information, are singled out; 3) the most informative objects of review are determined to establish the circumstances of the event and the promptness of decision-making regarding the identification and detention of criminal offenders «on hot pursuit» at the primary stage of the investigation of hooliganism committed by football fans; 4) the main methods most effective during the investigation of hooliganism committed by football fans during the inspection of the scene were established. 5) it is claimed that quadcopters are an effective tool, the use of which in this category of criminal offenses can significantly increase the quality and effectiveness of the inspection.
Features of criminal characteristics of crimes in the sphere of intellectual property
Authors: Kravchuk P. Yu. , Shalavinskyi O. V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the forensic characteristics of crimes in the field of intellectual property. It is noted that the Constitution of our country guarantees every citizen the right to the results of his intellectual and creative activity; no one can use or distribute them without his consent, with exceptions established by law. However, criminals violate this right and commit corresponding criminal offenses, the responsibility for which is provided for by Articles 176, 177, 203-1, 229 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. At the same time, the formulation of the forensic characteristics of any criminal offense is an important stage of its proof, as it allows not only to determine the circumstances that need to be established, but also to draw up a further investigation plan and tactics for conducting investigative (search) actions.

It was concluded that the forensic characteristics of criminal offenses in the field of intellectual property include: the method of committing the crime, the object of the criminal offense, the identity of the criminal and typical traces of the crime.

The criminal’s choice of the subject of the criminal offense is determined, first of all, by the level of his education, the presence of certain professional skills and knowledge necessary for the implementation of the plan, and the technical side of the issue. All this is especially true for crimes related to copyright infringement in the field of distribution of audio and video products and computer information. Because a person who does not have certain special skills and education is not able to develop a crime plan and implement it. In addition, the criminal must first have access to the object of criminal trespass, and therefore know the technical features of its carrier and the organization of the work of the relevant enterprises, corporations, companies, firms and the like, in whose custody a certain desired work is located.

It has been established that the typical traces of these crimes are characterized by certain features in the process of trace creation, namely: their commission is mostly disguised as ordinary economic transactions; the tools used to commit them are significantly different from those used to commit other crimes; traces usually remain in various accounting, management or technological documents; the very objects of the criminal offense can be used within the framework of legitimate economic transactions.
Covert procedural means of investigator`s cognitive activity
Authors: Barhan S. S.
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the problematic issues of regulatory framework for covert procedural means of investigator’s cognitive activity. It is emphasized that operative-search activities and covert investigative (search) actions have the same cognitive focus, but are regulated by different legislative acts. Covert investigative (search) actions are regulated in more detail than operational search activities which are carried out in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. It was determined that, despite the identity of covert means of knowledge, there is an epistemological contradiction, when the investigator cannot conduct covert investigative (search) actions, which are analogs of operational investigative measures, which can be implemented before entering the relevant information into the Unified Register of Pretrial Investigations, before the start of the pre-trial investigation. In addition, there are often cases when the investigator does not conduct covert investigative (search) actions on his/ her own, citing a heavy workload, which reduces the effectiveness of cognitive actions in the process of detection and investigation of criminal offenses. Other problematic aspects that exist within the provisions of the current operational and investigative legislation, as opposed to the criminal procedure law, are also noted. The greatest threat of imperfect regulatory regulation is the difficulty of further use of the materials of operational and investigative activities in the course of procedural proof. Therefore, it is considered a rational decision to provide for the possibility of covert investigative (search) actions by investigators before entering information into the Unified Register of Pretrial Investigations. According to the results of the study, it is noted that for the effective fulfillment of the tasks of criminal proceedings, as well as for the proper observance of human rights, freedoms and legitimate interests, the provisions of the criminal procedure law seem to be more favorable in terms of regulating the covert means of investigator’s cognitive activity.
Bar self-government in Ukraine and its development
Authors: Fursa S. Ya. , Fursa E. I.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the historical development of legislation on advocacy, its organizational structure, in particular, advocacy self-governance, the requirements imposed on the advocate in the comparative aspect of Art. 2 of the Law of Ukraine «On Advocacy» and part 2 of Art. 6 of the Law «On Advocacy and Advocacy Activities». The issue of the role of the legal profession and the individual lawyer in society is analyzed. It is well-founded that the self-government of the bar should provide lawyers with a system of guarantees that will allow them to work competently and legally, to perform their functions properly and impartially. Therefore, the internal organizational structure of the bar must be perceived in the context of the functions performed by the bar self-government, and this is the business of the lawyers themselves. It is proposed to create a special arbitration court of advocates, with appropriate powers to consider appeals by persons and advocates for offenses that took place in the activities of the advocate, his powers and methods of their implementation. it is expedient to introduce the arbitration court of advocates instead of disciplinary chambers of qualification and disciplinary commissions of the bar and The Higher Qualification and Disciplinary Commission of the Bar with the transfer of powers to such a court not only regarding the application of appropriate disciplinary sanctions to lawyers, but also the resolution of other disputed issues and compensation for the damage caused, which will require amendments to the Law. In another way of introducing an arbitration court of lawyers, it is proposed, along with the relevant commissions, to make changes to the Statute of the National Association of Lawyers of Ukraine (hereinafter – NAAU) also on the authority of the court to apply appropriate sanctions to lawyers and establish other duties of a lawyer, and the right to choose the body to which a specific person, leave for the complainant. The structure of NAAU was analyzed and an opinion was expressed about the expediency of the existence of certain committees in it. There is a well-founded opinion about the need to carry out relevant reforms in the bar in order to self-purify it, but it is better to initiate this process by the lawyers themselves.
National legislation as a source of the obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare)
Authors: Kosianenko S. O.
Published: April 2024

The article, based on the study of doctrinal developments and the practice of states, reveals the issue of national legislation as a source of the obligation to extradite or prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare). The article highlights the position of the UN International Law Commission on the role of national legislation and state practice in implementing the obligation to extradite or prosecute; the practice of certain states (Finland, Estonia, Macedonia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine) regarding the legal establishment of the obligation to extradite or prosecute is considered; the measures that states should follow at the national level in order to effectively implement the principle of aut dedere aut judicare are defined.

The article establishes that the determination of the legal nature and scope of the obligation aut dedere aut judicare is possible through the study of various types of sources in which this obligation is established (treaties, customs, international and national court decisions, national legislation of states). The obligation to extradite or prosecute has traditionally been established by international treaties of various types, the number of which is constantly increasing. The participation of many states in such international treaties (of a universal, regional or bilateral nature) is a reflection of the existing national practice of the states regarding the implementation of the principle of aut dedere aut judicare.

It is substantiated that, along with treaties and customary (at least for the most serious international crimes) enshrining the principle of aut dedere aut judicare, national criminal law is an important source of the obligation to extradite or prosecute. The effective implementation of the principle of aut dedere aut judicare in each specific case will depend on the state’s fulfillment of both its international obligations and the implementation of the necessary measures (in particular, regarding the establishment of jurisdiction over offenders and criminal offenses) defined in national legislation with regard to extradition and prosecution.
Interrelationship and interdependence of human rights, rule of law and democracy
Authors: Rezenkina N. O. , Kononenko V. P.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the formation, current state of the rule of law and democracy, their relationship and interdependence with the principle of respect for human rights. And also the importance of maintaining a balance of the interests of the state and society for international security.

In accordance with Part 1 of Art. 8 of the Constitution of Ukraine, the principle of the rule of law is recognized and applied in Ukraine.

The rule of law is embodied in the law-making and law-enforcing activities of the state. Regulatory acts of the state must ensure social justice, freedom, and equality.

The rule of law is one of the basic principles of a democratic society and involves judicial control over interference with every person’s right to freedom. The rule of law is an integral part of any democratic society, it is the rule of law in society. The state is required to implement the rule of law in law-making and law-enforcement activities, in particular, in laws that must correspond to the ideas of social justice, freedom, equality, etc. But only declared human rights, democracy and the rule of law without real mechanisms for their protection, processes and procedures are only a declarative category. Therefore, actually functioning mechanisms for the maintenance of democracy and the protection of human rights, combined with the constitutional limitation of power, are the main prerequisites for democracy.

Democracy guarantees a peaceful political dialogue both in the internal politics of the state and in international relations. Dialogue guarantees a more or less stable balancing between the interests of the state and civil society.

Human rights, the rule of law and democracy are interconnected and mutually reinforcing and belong to the common and indivisible core values and principles of the United Nations. The rule of law is the main factor in the implementation of democracy. Strengthening the rule of law promotes the protection of human rights and limits the arbitrary exercise of power, which is a basic requirement of modern democracy.

But of the three considered categories of «human rights», «democracy» and «rule of law», the main one is human rights. Others rely on human rights. The Preamble to the Charter of the United Nations states: «We, the peoples of the United Nations, are determined to save future generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold grief to humanity, and to reassert faith in fundamental human rights...»
Illustrating Power Relations through Symbolism in The Prisoner Who Wore Glasses
Authors: Larasati Dyah Ayu
Published: April 2024

Symbolism is a powerful tool employed by authors to convey ideas and thoughts through the use of symbols and signs, imbuing everyday objects with deeper meanings in their works of literature. In addition, symbolism can have political implications, as it can represent political institutions, hierarchies, movements, beliefs, or ideologies, through objects, people, words, performances, or gestures. Through a content analysis approach, this research examines the symbolism used in  The Prisoner Who Wore Glasses and how everyday objects are utilized to depict power relations. The symbols analyzed in this research are glasses, fertilizer, and tobacco. Glasses were found to represent Brille’s vulnerability/intellect. Fertilizer symbolizes Warder Hannetjie’s weakness, and tobacco symbolizes authority. By analyzing the symbols portrayed in literary works, especially writings that have a political connotation to them, it goes to show that sometimes the objects portrayed in literature are not just depicted for creative intentions, but also for critical depth.
Language Politeness of Local Tour Guides in Orangutan Ecotourism Bukit Lawang, North Sumatra: A Sociopragmatic Study
Authors: Taulia Taulia , Gapur Abdul , Pujiono Mhd.
Published: April 2024

Bukit Lawang is a conservation area for orangutans located in North Sumatra, Indonesia. This research aims to examine the politeness markers used by tour guides in this area. The qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach was employed. Data were collected through observation, field notes, audio video recordings, and interviews. The findings indicate that tour guides in Bukit Lawang utilize various politeness markers, including offering assistance, expressing agreement, making requests, giving commands, refusing, apologizing, providing advice, and giving compliments. Local tour guides in Bukit Lawang also employ diverse non-verbal politeness markers, such as smiling, in their interactions with tourists. Factors influencing the use of these language politeness markers include social harmony, the desire to please tourists, social and cultural norms, professionalism, and public image. In conclusion, this study provides a better understanding of the use of language politeness markers by tour guides in Bukit Lawang Orangutan Ecotourism. The research findings can serve as a basis for enhancing tourism services and enriching knowledge about cross-cultural interactions in the context of tourism.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEAR REAL-TIME WARNING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM FOR DISASTER PREDICTION
Authors:   Department of Computing, Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Namibia, Namibia, Kamati Willbard , Hashiyana Valerianus ,   Department of Computing, Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Namibia, Namibia, Mutuku James ,   Department of Computing, Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Namibia, Namibia
Published: April 2024

The effects of disasters are not uniform across all individuals and communities. One’s preparedness and socioeconomic factors determine how much they will pay. Preparedness plays a crucial role in reducing the impact of disasters and aiding in their management and recovery. However, effectively preparing for unforeseen disasters becomes difficult when there is insufficient knowledge and expertise. Without accurate predictions and timely alerts about disasters, a community's level of readiness remains extremely low. Namibia has experienced various unavoidable climate-related dangers over time, making it vulnerable in the future. Inconsistencies in disseminating weather information and early disaster notifications are factors that obstruct the mitigation of climate-related disasters. Furthermore, disaster early warning system implementation has been slower in most African countries due to limited technical resources. Another notable challenge is upholding internationally standardized early warning systems in rural settings without overlooking the dynamics of the rural community, which leads to system ineffectiveness. Therefore, this study employed a mixed-methodology approach to gather qualitative and quantitative data from local farmers through the use of questionnaires to review the readiness to adopt early warning systems in northern Namibia, assess available technical resources, study the existing disaster mitigation practices in Namibia. Subsequently, historic and near real time weather data was collected from weather agencies, which ultimately designed and developed an early warning system to enhance resilience and preparedness for hazards and risks in farming communities by issuing comprehensive and timely alerts. The study confirmed the dire need for disaster prediction systems in Namibia, although it also highlighted pressing accessibility concerns that future researchers could study, especially under-resourced potential users.
ENHANCING LOAN APPROVAL DECISION-MAKING: AN INTERPRETABLE MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH USING LIGHTGBM FOR DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia, Noviandy Teuku Rizky , Idroes Ghalieb Mutig ,   Energy and Green Economics Unit, Graha Primera Saintifika, Aceh Besar 23371, Indonesia, Hardi Irsan ,   Economic Modeling and Data Analytics Unit, Graha Primera Saintifika, Aceh Besar 23371, Indonesia
Published: April 2024

This study aims to enhance loan approval decision-making in the digital economy using an interpretable machine learning approach. The primary research question investigates how integrating an interpretable machine learning approach can improve the accuracy and transparency of loan approval processes. We employed LightGBM, a gradient-boosting framework for loan approval classification, optimized via Random Search hyperparameter tuning and validated using 10-fold cross-validation. We incorporated the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework to address the challenge of interpretability in machine learning. The LightGBM model outperformed conventional algorithms (Decision Tree, Random Forest, AdaBoost, and Extra Trees) in accuracy (98.13%), precision (97.78%), recall (97.17%), and F1-score (97.48%). The study demonstrates that using an interpretable machine learning approach with LightGBM and SHAP can significantly improve the accuracy and transparency of loan approval decisions. This method offers a promising avenue for financial institutions to enhance their loan approval mechanisms, ensuring more reliable, efficient, and transparent decision-making in the digital economy. The study also underscores the importance of interpretability in deploying machine learning solutions in sectors with significant socio-economic impacts.
Factors impacting decreased basic immunization coverage in infants
Authors: Neherta Meri , Fajria Lili , Yoselina Prima
Published: April 2024

Background: The data reveal a consistent decrease in the overall immunization coverage for babies in Kota Pariaman over a span of four years. Specifically, the coverage rates were recorded as 81.8% in 2018, 78.6% in 2019, 55.7% in 2020, and 66.7% in 2021.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the factors that contribute to the decrease in the achievement of complete basic immunization among children in Kota Pariaman.
Methods: The present study used the quantitative research method with a cross-sectional design. The study sample comprised of mothers with infants aged 12 months residing in Pariaman City. A purposive sampling method was employed to choose a total of 154 participants. The research was carried out between March 2022 and October 2022. Univariate analysis describes variable frequency, bivariate examines relationships using chi-square (p<0.05) and multivariate employs logistic regression, identifying influential variables.
Results: Key findings include a lack of knowledge (40.3%), non-supportive attitudes of mothers (56.5%), mistrust by mothers (42.9%), limited access to health resources (52.6%), and inadequate family support (48.1%). There was significant support from healthcare workers (94.2%) and moderate backing from community leaders (56.5%). Significantly, a noteworthy association was observed between knowledge (p < 0.05), attitudes (p < 0.05), and family support (p < 0.05), and the successful attainment of fundamental vaccinations.
Conclusions: Factors leading to the decreased rate of complete basic immunization for infants in Kota Pariaman include attitude, family support, and knowledge. As a remedy, local governments and health workers are urged to proactively provide health education on the significance of full basic immunization for infants. This preventive measure is paramount in safeguarding against severe acute illnesses, benefiting both the child and the broader community
Hope in children with cancer: A narrative review and a concept synthesis
Authors: Piasai Kodchakon , Phumdoung Sasitorn , Muenthaisong Songsuda , Winitchai Natchira , Rakhmawati Windy
Published: April 2024

Background: Hospitalized children with cancer encounter pain, suffering, fear, and life-threatening situations which can cause them to feel hopeless.
Purpose: The aims of this study are to acquire new insights about the concept of hope in children with cancer and to identify the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of hope in children with cancer.
Methods: Nine English and Thai-language studies that discussed the hope in children or adolescents with cancer were located using the online database in nursing (1990–2023). Qualitative analysis and synthesis of these studies were completed using an adaptation of Walker and Avant’s concept synthesis method.
Results: The antecedents of hope of children with cancer were hope of other persons surrounding them and the relationship between these children and others. The attributes of hope in children with cancer were hope for cure, intentional hope and inner strength. Also, the consequences of hope in children with cancer were well-being, quality of life, coping behavior, expressing new feelings of safety or comfort, and conveying trust to others.
Conclusions: This study found that hope is important and has a positive effect on body-mind and the emotions of children with cancer. Thus, healthcare providers such as nurses should enhance hope in children with cancer by promoting their inner resources, positive experiences, and emotional support, while decreasing negative emotional factors. Therefore, children with cancer have hope in their treatment outcomes and inner strength, leading to their expressing new feelings of safety and a good quality of life.
Chama, ¿cómo haces tú para vivir aquí? Trabajo, reproducción de la vida y tramas de lo común en la experiencia de mujeres venezolanas en Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Alves Quintana Johanna Marianny
Published: April 2024

En el artículo se comparte una caracterización analítica de los sentidos y las estrategias que despliegan mujeres venezolanas en Córdoba, Argentina, para reproducir la vida, y su estrecha vinculación con ciertas formas de gestión de lo común. Por medio de un trabajo etnográfico, apoyado en entrevistas en profundidad y observación participante, me acerco a las experiencias migratorias y de vida de Rosa y Jenny, en las que se ponen de manifiesto las desigualdades en el mundo laboral, y las maneras que agencian para afrontarlas, en una trama que abarca sus lugares de origen, sus itinerarios de viaje y el lugar de destino actual. La pregunta: “¿cómo haces tú para vivir aquí?” nos traslada a sus cocinas domésticas como unidades de producción y
a su inserción en ferias inscriptas en el ámbito de la economía popular. Desde estos espacios y dinámicas restituyen su subjetividad, establecen vínculos de cooperación y garantizan el sustento material e inmaterial de la vida. El trabajo propone un mapa en construcción acerca de las tensiones existentes entre lo doméstico y la producción de lo común para la reproducción de la vida en contextos de migración.
Itinerarios de las imaginaciones políticas sobre el trabajo en Argentina tras el resquebrajamiento de la hegemonía neoliberal (2002- 2015)
Authors: Lijterman Eliana
Published: April 2024

El artículo reconstruye las imaginaciones políticas sobre el trabajo en Argentina durante el ciclo de reformas del periodo 2002- 2015 y se asienta en un trabajo de archivo extensivo sobre las discusiones políticas y especializadas acerca de los problemas socio-laborales. Dicho proceso de reforma se estructuró en la reactivación de un gesto utópico que afirmó la capacidad de la política para restaurar el rol integrador del empleo. El cuestionamiento de la viabilidad de tal horizonte instaló prospectivas distópicas sobre el advenimiento inevitable de la flexibilidad laboral, base de la propuesta de autonomizar la protección y el empleo. En la polémica se actualizaron núcleos de sentido de las tesis del “fin del trabajo”, antes descentradas, constituyéndose las imaginaciones políticas en un terreno clave de la confrontación por los modos de regular el empleo, tras el resquebrajamiento de la hegemonía neoliberal.
La División de Investigaciones de la policía de Rosario, 1906-1912. Los agentes de investigaciones, la lectura como forma de control y vigilancia
Authors: López Calvino Nicolás
Published: April 2024

A comienzos del siglo XX el problema del orden adquirió un sentido específico marcado el crecimiento vertiginoso que tuvo la ciudad de Rosario. El control y vigilancia de determinados sujetos estuvo a cargo de la policía de la ciudad, en particular por la División de Investigaciones. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las distintas formas de control por parte de los agentes de Investigaciones haciendo hincapié en la lectura de distintos documentos. Se plantea que las lecturas de dichos documentos no fueron lineales sino que estuvieron atravesadas por sentidos preconcebidos. A partir del cruce de dos tradiciones historiográficas -por un lado, la que tiene como objeto a la institución policial y el mundo del delito y, por otro, la que se ha preocupado por la cuestión social y el surgimiento de las distintas corrientes políticas- se reflexiona sobre los mecanismos de control instaurados por la mencionada división.
Antifascismo(s) en Córdoba: derivaciones del asesinato de José Guevara en 1933
Authors: Sánchez Eugenia
Published: April 2024

El artículo indaga las diversas formas que tomó el antifascismo en Córdoba a partir del estudio de las repercusiones que tuvo el asesinato del diputado socialista José Guevara en el escenario político provincial de 1933. A partir de allí se pretende identificar los principales componentes que definieron las variantes y diversas tonalidades que tomó la lucha contra el fascismo. El análisis se realiza en base al trabajo con los diarios de sesiones de la Honorable Cámara de Diputados (HCDC) y de la Honorable Cámara de Senadores de Córdoba (HCSC) y de la prensa provincial, partidaria y nacional.
Como hipótesis se plantea que el asesinato de Guevara estimuló a dirigentes de fuerzas políticas heterogéneas (oficialistas y opositores) a convergir en apelaciones y organizaciones antifascistas. También, que desde discursos antifascistas buscaron definir su rol en la lucha contra el fascismo y el que debían desempeñar sus adversarios políticos. A su vez, unos y otros expusieron distintas nociones de democracia y participación que promovieron actitudes y acciones antifascistas de diferente tenor, algunas más beligerantes que otras. Asimismo, en el espacio público cordobés también tuvieron lugar posiciones antifascistas que se alejaron de la apología de los valores democráticos de la tradición liberal argentina.
Internacionalismos en disputa al interior de la Unión Sindical Argentina (1922-1924)
Authors: García Leandro
Published: April 2024

Este artículo analiza los debates producidos en la Unión Sindical Argentina (USA) acerca de la posición que debía adoptar la central en relación a las organizaciones internacionales del proletariado que pretendían representarlo. Se considera el periodo que se extiende entre la creación de la USA (1922) y los momentos previos a la realización de su Primer Congreso Ordinario (1924) por constituir el momento más álgido de las discusiones reﬂejando las repercusiones que tuvieron en la mayor parte de las organizaciones proletarias mundiales la Gran Guerra y la revolución rusa. Para el seguimiento del debate se examinará el órgano de prensa oﬁcial de la confederación, Bandera Proletaria, como fuente principal que posibilita reﬂejar las posturas de las distintas corrientes que integraban la USA, así como también observar la cambiante dinámica que tuvieron las discusiones acaecidas.
Myötätuntoisia saattajia ja rauhallisia rituaaleja – Elämän lopun kohtaaminen kuolemapositiivisissa videopeleissä
Authors: Rautalahti Heidi , Salo Enni
Published: April 2024

Kuoleminen digitaalisissa peleissä on usein toiminut toiminnallisena ja mekaanisena synonyymina pelissä häviämiselle, jonka jälkeen pelikierros alkaa alusta sanktion saattelemana. Kuolema teemallisena ja tarinallisena, rauhallisena sekä myötätuntoisella otteella esitettynä on saanut viime vuosina enemmän huomiota pelikulttuurissa. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan sisällönanalyyttisen peliluennan keinoin kolmea digitaalista peliä, jotka kuvaavat kuolemaa tarinassaan myötätuntoisesti. Pelit kuvaavat elämän lopun kohtaavia hahmoja, joiden toimintaan pelaaja pääsee vaikuttamaan. Artikkelissa peleistä tehdään huomioita erityisesti rituaaliteorioiden näkökulmasta, jolla painotetaan pelaajan aktiivista roolia kuoleman käsittelyssä peleissä. Tarkasteltavien pelien tunnelmaa verrataan kuolemapositiivisuuden käsitteeseen, jossa kuolemaa, hyvää tai huonoa, pyritään tuomaan yhteiskunnassa avoimesti esiin. Pelit omalta osaltaan osallistuvat erityisesti hyvän kuoleman ihanteen pohdintaan, jossa korostuu myötätuntoisen saattajan ja rauhallisten rituaalien yhteys.