bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
النظام القانوني لمجلس الخدمة العامة الأتحادي
Authors: علي ضياء
Published: March 2023

مجلس الخدمة العامة الاتحادي في العراق يعد أحد أهم الأجهزة المستقلة في العراق تم النص عليه في المادة (107) من الدستور العراقي لعام 2005م ليتولى تنظيم شؤون الوظيفة العامة الاتحادية، وقد ترك النص الدستوري تنظيم تكوين المجلس واختصاصاته إلى قانون يسن من قبل السلطة التشريعية لهذا الغرض، وبالفعل صدر قانون مجلس الخدمة العامة الاتحادي رقم (4) لسنة 2009م المعدل ليضع التفصيلات لهذا المجلس الحيوي والمهم.

فقد أعيد العمل بمجلس الخدمة العامة للضرورة الملحة في ظل غياب المعايير اللازمة في مجال الوظيفة العامة وما يرتبط بها والغبن الذي لحق بشرائح مختلفة من أفراد المجتمع، ولحاجة مؤسسات الدولة إلى وجود جهة تنظم شؤون الوظيفة العامة وتضع القواعد الأساسية لتلك المؤسسات على أساس الكفاءة والمهنية لتحقيق المصلحة العامة، فوجود جهة مستقلة تضمن تحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية والشفافية بات أمرًا ضروريًا، وعليه يعقد الأمل على مجلس الخدمة العامة الاتحادي لتحقيق ذلك.

الكلمات المفتاحية: النظام، مجلس الخدمة العامة الاتحادي، الاستقلال، الدستور، القانون، الوظيفة العامة
الحماية الجنائية للأمن المجتمعي في التشريع العراقي
Authors: عراك كمال
Published: March 2023

ان تشريع القوانين لا يتم الا لمواجهة خطر يهدد أمن وسلامة المجتمع سواء كان الخطر موجه ضد الانسان نفسه أم الى حقوقه المالية أم الى أي شيءٍ آخر يعد من المقومات الاساسية لديمومة حياة الانسان واستمرارها، كما أن الشعوب لا تتقدم سياسياً واقتصاديًا وثقافيًا ما لم تشاع في مجتمعاتها اجواء السلام والوئام والانسجام، ونبذ الخلافات والنزاعات والصراعات الداخلية التي تهدد السلم والامن المجتمعي والتي تؤدي الى عدم استقرار الدولة، لذلك فقد اتجهت التشريعات الجنائية الى تجريم كل ما يمس سلامة الامن الاجتماعي عن طريق النصوص القانونية التي تعاقب على الافعال والسلوكيات التي من شأنها زعزعة امن المجتمع واستقراره ومنها قانون العقوبات العراقي، الذي نص على عدة جرائم تستهدف السلم والامن الاجتماعي، ونذكر منها جريمتين فقد نص على تجريم كلَّ ما يثير شعور الكراهية والبغضاء بين فئات المجتمع المتعدد دينيا او عرقيًا او مذهبيًا او قوميًا، وكذلك معاقبة كلًّ من يقوم بإثارة الحرب الأهلية والاقتتال الطائفي، وقررت عقوبات شديدة لمرتكبي هذه الجرائم، ولا يشترط تحقق النتيجة الجرمية لقيام الجريمة، إذ إن الجريمة تتحقق بمجرد اقتراف الفاعل نشاطًا اجراميًا يستهدف إثارة شعور الكراهية أو إثارة الحرب الاهلية والاقتتال، حتى إن لم تتحقق النتيجة، كونها من الجرائم الشكلية او جرائم الخطر والتي لا يتصور الشروع فيها فهي اما أن تقع تامة او لا تقع . وعليه فقد حرص قانون العقوبات العراقي النافذ على توفير الحماية اللازمة للمجتمع وتنظيم العلاقات بين أفراده أو طوائفه أو مكوناته المتعددة لا سيما أن المجتمع العراقي متعدد الأطياف، فشدد العقاب على كلَّ اعتداء يستهدف اي فئة او طائفه بسبب انتمائها الديني أو العرقي أو القومي أو المذهبي

الكلمات المفتاحية: جرائم الامن المجتمعي، جرائم أمن الدولة الداخلي، جرائم السلم الاهلي، جرائم النسيج الاجتماعي، جرائم تقويض للسلم المجتمعي
دور شركات وصناديق الاستثمار المالي في تكوين محفظة الاوراق المالية "دراسة مقارنة"
Authors: العبودي نورس
Published: March 2023

ان تكوين محافظ الاوراق المالية ممكن ان يتم من قبل جهات متعددة في القوانين المقارنة. غير ان تكوين هذه المحافظ من قبل شركات الاستثمار المالي وصناديق الاستثمار له خصوصية تتميز في كونهما كيانين حديثي النشأة مقارنة بالكيانات الاخرى ومن جانب اخر تشكل مهمة تكوين محفظة اوراق مالية الجانب الابرز من نشاطهما ان لم يكن هو النشاط الوحيد ، ولكن مع ذلك تختلف خطى سير كل من هذين الكيانين في سعيهما لتكوين محفظة اوراق مالية وادارتها عن بعضهما البعض، فضلا عن ان المعالجات الصادرة عن المشرع العراقي في سعيه لتنظيم عمل هذين الكيانين تختلف نوعا ما عن المعالجات الصادرة عن التشريعات المقارنة لاسيما في دور صناديق الاستثمار الذي جعل منه محفظة استثمارية مكونة من قبل كيانات اخرى بخلاف القوانين المقارنة التي جعلت منه كيانا مستقلا ومهما من كيانات تكوين محفظة الاوراق المالية، وهو ما جعل من البحث في تكوين محفظة الاوراق المالية من قبل شركات الاستثمار المالي وصناديق الاستثمار يحظى بأهمية بالغة .

الكلمات المفتاحية: محفظة الاوراق المالية، شركات الاستثمار المالي، صناديق الاستثمار.
النظام القانوني لمحكمة القضاء الإداري (دراسة مقارنة بين العراق ومصر)
Authors: الزيادي وليد
Published: March 2023

مما لاشك فيه أن القضاء الإداري كان ولا يزال بمثابة ميزان يحمل في الكفة اليمنى حقوق الأفراد وحرياتهم بوصفها مصالح خاصة، وفي الكفة اليسرى المحافظة على النظام العام بوصفه مصلحة عامة، فإذا ما تغلبت إحدى الكفتين على الأخرى اختل الميزان، وعاد المجتمع إلى الفوضى، الأمر الذي تطلب تأسيس محكمة القضاء الإداري وتحديد بُنيتها، كي تضطلع بهذا الدور ــــــ ولكن على نطاقٍ أوسع إذ ما قورنت بالمحاكم الإدارية الأخرى ــــــ من خلال الرقابة على نشاط الإدارة وكبح جماحها، فكلما خرقت هذا التوازن تحكم على تصرفها غير المشروع بالإلغاء، وقد يتجاوز ذلك إلى فرض التعويض المناسب لهذا الخرق، وذلك بعد منحها مجموعة من الاختصاصات والصلاحيات التي تمكنها من تسليط الضوء على تصرفات الإدارة سيما القرارات الإدارية الصادرة عنها، والتي من خلالها يقوم قضاة المحكمة بالبحث في مشروعية هذه القرارات ومدى مطابقتها للقانون، يُذكر ان هذه الاختصاصات تتسع وتضيق بحسب ما يورده المشرع من تنظيم قانوني لها.

الكلمات المفتاحية: محكمة القضاء الإداري، القانون العراقي، القانون المصري، القضاء الاداري، النظام القانوني
Enfoques pedagógicos y estrategias didácticas en educación de personas jóvenes y adultas
Authors: López Ibáñez Karen , Cardenasso Carrasco Valeria
Published: March 2023

En Chile, la modalidad regular de Educación de Personas Jóvenes y Adultas (EPJA) se dirige a quienes, por diferentes razones, no han concluido la escolaridad obligatoria en la edad estipulada para ello.
El presente artículo retoma los resultados de un estudio realizado entre 2016 y 2017, cuyo propósito fue conocer, a partir de las percepciones de los docentes que se desempeñan en educación básica en la modalidad regular de EPJA, las estrategias didácticas más apropiadas en relación con las características bio-psico-sociales que identifican en sus estudiantes, a fin de establecer posteriormente a qué enfoque pedagógico adscriben esas estrategias.
En el marco de un estudio cualitativo, se obtuvieron datos sobre dichas estrategias mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales con docentes de tres centros educativos de la Región Metropolitana.
En los tres casos estudiados, la selección de estrategias da cuenta de la coexistencia de elementos del enfoque tradicional y del enfoque constructivista, evidenciándose un proceso de transición hacia este último enfoque a partir de un paradigma inclusivo que intenta atender a la diversidad de características de los y las estudiantes.
A NOEMA Molecular Line Scan of the Hubble Deep Field North: Improved Constraints on the CO Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Density of Molecular Gas
Authors: Boogaard Leindert A. , Decarli Roberto , Walter Fabian , Weiß Axel , Popping Gergö , Neri Roberto , Aravena Manuel , Riechers Dominik , Ellis Richard S. , Carilli Chris , Cox Pierre , Pety Jérôme
Published: March 2023

We present measurements of the CO luminosity functions (LFs) and the evolution of the cosmic molecular gas density out to z ∼ 6 based on an 8.5 arcmin2 spectral scan survey at 3 mm of the iconic Hubble Deep Field North (HDF-N) observed with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA). We use matched filtering to search for line emission from galaxies and determine their redshift probability distributions exploiting the extensive multiwavelength data for the HDF-N. We identify the seven highest-fidelity sources as CO emitters at 1 < z < 6, including the well-known submillimeter galaxy HDF 850.1 at z = 5.18. Four high-fidelity 3 mm continuum sources are found to be radio galaxies at z ≤ 1, plus HDF 850.1. We constrain the CO LFs in the HDF-N out to z ∼ 6, including a first measurement of the CO(5–4) LF at 〈z〉 = 5.0. The relatively large area and depth of the NOEMA HDF-N survey extends the existing LFs at 1 < z < 4 above the knee, yielding a somewhat lower density by 0.15–0.4 dex at the overlap region for the CO(2–1) and CO(3–2) transitions, attributed to cosmic variance. We perform a joint analysis of the CO LFs in the HDF-N and Hubble Ultra Deep Field from ASPECS, finding that they can be well described by a single Schechter function. The evolution of the cosmic molecular gas density from a joint analysis is in good agreement with earlier determinations. This implies that the impact of cosmic field-to-field variance on the measurements is consistent with previous estimates, adding to the challenges for simulations that model galaxies from first principles.
On the Fine-tuning and Physical Origin of Line-locked Absorption Systems in Active Galaxies
Authors: Lewis Tiffany R. , Chelouche Doron
Published: March 2023

Line locking (LL) of absorption-line systems is a clear signature of the dynamical importance of radiation-pressure force in driving astrophysical flows, with recent findings suggesting that it may be common in quasars exhibiting multiple intrinsic narrow absorption-line (NAL) systems. In this work, we probe the phase space conducive to LL and follow the detailed kinematics of those systems that may lock at the velocity separation of the C iv
λ
λ1548.19, 1550.77 doublet. We find that a small volume of the phase-phase admits LL, suggesting a high degree of fine-tuning between the physical properties of locked systems. The stability of LL against quasar luminosity variations is quantified with implications for the long-term variability amplitude of quasars and the velocity-separation statistic between multiple NAL systems. The high occurrence of LL by the C iv doublet implies that the hidden extreme-UV emission from quasars is unlikely to be significantly underestimated by current models. Further, the ratio of the LL velocity to the outflow velocity may serve as a powerful constraint on the composition of the accelerating medium. We conclude that LL poses significant challenges to current theories for the formation of nonintervening NAL systems, and speculate that it may be a manifestation of expanding circumstellar shells around asymptotic giant branch stars in the quasar-host bulge.
On Measuring the 21 cm Global Spectrum of the Cosmic Dawn with an Interferometer Array
Authors: Zhang 张 Xin 欣 , Yue 岳 Bin 斌 , Shi 施 Yuan 嫄 , Wu 吴 Fengquan 锋泉 , Chen 陈 Xuelei 学雷
Published: March 2023

We theoretically investigate the recovery of the global spectrum (monopole) from visibilities (cross-correlation only) measured by an interferometer array and the feasibility of extracting the 21 cm signal of the cosmic dawn. In our approach, the global spectrum is obtained by solving the monopole and higher-order components simultaneously from visibilities measured with up to thousands of baselines. Using this algorithm, the monopole of both the foreground and the 21 cm signal can be correctly recovered in a broad range of conditions. We find that a 3D baseline distribution can have much better performance than a 2D (planar) baseline distribution, particularly when there is a lack of shorter baselines. We simulate for ground-based 2D and 3D array configurations, and a cross-shaped space array located at the Sun–Earth L2 point that can form 3D baselines through orbital precession. In all simulations we obtain a good recovered global spectrum, and successfully extract the 21 cm signal from it, with a reasonable number of antennas and observation time.
Precursors of Supernovae from Mass Eruption: Prospects for Early Warning of Nearby Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Tsuna Daichi , Takei Yuki , Shigeyama Toshikazu
Published: March 2023

Recent observations of a large fraction of Type II supernovae (SNe) show traces of dense circumstellar medium (CSM) very close to the progenitor star. If this CSM is created by eruptive mass loss several months before core collapse, the eruption itself may be visible as a precursor, helpful as an early warning of a near-future SN. Using radiation hydrodynamical simulations based on the open-source code CHIPS, we theoretically model the emission from the mass eruption of a red supergiant star. We find that for a modest mass eruption the luminosity is typically on the order of 1039 erg s−1, can last as long as hundreds of days until the star explodes, and is mainly bright in the infrared (from −9 to −11 mag around peak). We discuss observational strategies to find these signatures from Galactic and local Type II SNe.
Inventory and pattern of distribution of mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) in the Draa river basin, southern Morocco
Authors: Benlasri Mokhtar , Kaczmarek Nils , El Alami Majida , Ghamizi Mohamed , Berger Elisabeth
Published: March 2023

The Draa river basin is located south of the High Atlas Mountain rangee in Morocco. The Ephemeroptera (mayflies) fauna of its three sub-basins: the High, Middle, and Lower Draa are poorly known. This study contributes to the knowledge of Ephemeroptera and its distribution in relation to environmental parameters in this area. The larvae of Ephemeropteran species were collected during six field campaigns in 17 sites using a Surber sampler. A total of thirteen species belonging to ten genera and five families were identified. among which seven taxa were recorded for the first time in the southern Atlas area: Baetis maurus, Baetis rhodani, Cheleocloeon dimorphicum, Cloeon simile, Procloeon stagnicola, Labiobaetis neglectus and Oligoneuriopsis skhounate. The limits of distribution of most species can be explained by the increase in water temperature and electrical conductivity especially at lower altitudes.
Save it for a rainy day! Lean strategies for cost saving: The role of Lean maturity
Authors: Mohd Aripin Norhana , Nawanir Gusman , Hussain Suhaidah
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of lean implementation on production cost reduction and the moderating role of lean manufacturing maturity.Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a cross-sectional survey, of which the samples were drawn using a cluster sampling procedure from 151 middle and top-level management of medium and large manufacturing companies gathered from the Federation of Manufacturers Malaysia (FMM). Data were analyzed using the PLS-SEM approach through SmartPLS4 software.Findings: The result revealed that lean implementation does not leverage production cost reduction as the lean journey requires long-term orientation, which finally leads to valid cost reduction. The moderating role of lean manufacturing maturity was significant and positive in the relationship between lean manufacturing implementation and production cost reduction.Research limitations/implications: Future research should include longitudinal settings as this study is cross-sectional, and future research might put the present model to the test in multiple industries and regions, including a cross-country comparison to improve the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, further studies could extend this study using a mixed-method approach.Practical implications: By offering a holistic perspective, this study expands the existing literature, contributes to knowledge of integrated lean implementation and supports the management in planning their path towards cost-cutting performance.Originality/value: This study answers the inconclusive finding between lean implementation and operational performance in terms of production cost reduction. The study contributes to the body of knowledge and, most importantly, to the practitioners in planning their lean journey.
Optimization of intelligent compaction based on finite element simulation and nonlinear multiple regression
Authors: Chen Chengyong , Chang Fagang , Li Li , Dou Wenqiang , Xu Changjing
Published: March 2023

In intelligent compaction, a critical issue is determining the combination of construction parameters (e.g., the rolling speed and the number of passes) for achieving optimal compaction results. In this paper, a finite element model was developed based on the Mohr-Coulomb elasto-plastic model to simulate the field compaction process of subgrade, which was validated by field compaction tests. Nonlinear multiple regression was used to match the impacts of construction factors on compaction quality based on the model simulation. Then, the linear search approach was used to find the ideal combination of construction parameters that optimizes the compaction quality. The findings indicated that the ideal combination of construction parameters for reaching the ideal compaction degree is a rolling speed of 1.3 m/s with 4 roller passes.
Decay estimate and blow-up for a fourth order parabolic equation modeling epitaxial thin film growth
Authors: Zhang Hao , Cui Zejian , Xiao Xiangyu
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we study a fourth order parabolic equation modeling epitaxial thin film growth. By using the potential well method and some inequality techniques, we obtain the decay estimate of weak solutions. Meanwhile, the blow-up time is estimated from above and below. The blow-up rate is also derived.
The existence and stability results of multi-order boundary value problems involving Riemann-Liouville fractional operators
Authors: Hammad Hasanen A. , Aydi Hassen , De la Sen Manuel
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a general framework for the fractional boundary value problems is presented. The problem is created by Riemann-Liouville type two-term fractional differential equations with a fractional bi-order setup. Moreover, the boundary conditions of the suggested system are considered as mixed Riemann-Liouville integro-derivative conditions with four different orders, which it cover a variety of specific instances previously researched. Further, the provided problem's Hyers-Ulam stability and the possibility of a fixed-point approach solution are both investigated. Finally, to support our theoretical findings, an example is developed.
Energy minimizing maps with prescribed singularities and Gilbert-Steiner optimal networks
Authors: Baldo Sisto , Le Van Phu Cuong , Massaccesi Annalisa , Orlandi Giandomenico
Published: March 2023

We investigate the relation between energy minimizing maps valued into spheres having topological singularities at given points and optimal networks connecting them (e.g., Steiner trees, Gilbert-Steiner irrigation networks). We show the equivalence of the corresponding variational problems, interpreting in particular the branched optimal transport problem as a homological Plateau problem for rectifiable currents with values in a suitable normed group. This generalizes the pioneering work by Brezis, Coron and Lieb [10].
Optimal Regulation of Noncompete Contracts
Authors: Shi Liyan
Published: March 2023

I study regulation of noncompete employment contracts, assessing the trade‐off between restricting worker mobility and encouraging firm investment. I develop an on‐the‐job search model in which firms and workers sign dynamic wage contracts with noncompete clauses and firms invest in their workers' general human capital. Employers use noncompete clauses to enforce buyout payments when their workers depart, ultimately extracting rent from future employers. This rent extraction is socially excessive, and restrictions on these clauses can improve efficiency. The optimal regulation policy is characterized. In an application to the managerial labor market using a novel contract data set, I find the optimal policy to be quantitatively close to a ban.
When Is Parallel Trends Sensitive to Functional Form?
Authors: Roth Jonathan , Sant'Anna Pedro H. C.
Published: March 2023

This paper assesses when the validity of difference‐in‐differences depends on functional form. We provide a novel characterization: the parallel trends assumption holds under all strictly monotonic transformations of the outcome if and only if a stronger “parallel trends”‐type condition holds for the cumulative distribution function of untreated potential outcomes. This condition for parallel trends to be insensitive to functional form is satisfied if and essentially only if the population can be partitioned into a subgroup for which treatment is effectively randomly assigned and a remaining subgroup for which the distribution of untreated potential outcomes is stable over time. These conditions have testable implications, and we introduce falsification tests for the null that parallel trends is insensitive to functional form.
Network Cluster‐Robust Inference
Authors: Leung Michael P.
Published: March 2023

Since network data commonly consists of observations from a single large network, researchers often partition the network into clusters in order to apply cluster‐robust inference methods. Existing such methods require clusters to be asymptotically independent. Under mild conditions, we prove that, for this requirement to hold for network‐dependent data, it is necessary and sufficient that clusters have low conductance, the ratio of edge boundary size to volume. This yields a simple measure of cluster quality. We find in simulations that when clusters have low conductance, cluster‐robust methods control size better than HAC estimators. However, for important classes of networks lacking low‐conductance clusters, the former can exhibit substantial size distortion. To determine the number of low‐conductance clusters and construct them, we draw on results in spectral graph theory that connect conductance to the spectrum of the graph Laplacian. Based on these results, we propose to use the spectrum to determine the number of low‐conductance clusters and spectral clustering to construct them.
Pregnant Teen Wolf: The border wars of mpreg fics
Authors: Heggestad Jon
Published: March 2023

Despite its reputation as a controversial fan fiction trope, mpreg (short for male pregnancy) provides new opportunities for narratives centered around reproduction and family-making, especially queer family-making. This phenomenon is perhaps best seen in the fan fiction for the MTV series Teen Wolf, which aired from 2011 to 2017. Within these works, mpreg expands whom male pregnancy is able to represent. As these new opportunities for representation increase, however, diverse audiences have responded by stressing their own stakes in the representational claims afforded through the trope. Mapping these tensions onto a framework of cultural border wars, a concept coined by Jack Halberstam nearly twenty-five years ago, not only sheds new light on the continued conflicts that arise from divergent feminist, queer, and trans readings as they shift onto new media platforms but also offers a means of working with (and not against) these tensions.
"edmund is trans he told me himself": Recognition in transgender Shakespeare fan fiction
Authors: Herak Yves
Published: March 2023

Recent years have seen a rise in transgender fiction—especially transgender fan fiction. In the latter practice, we find characters reimagined as transgender subjects with their unique circumstances remolded or recontextualized to make sense as a trans* narrative. This is a look at the process of recognition taking place in the creation of these works of fan fiction—both in the way of recognizing a character's suitability to carry transgender meaning and in how recognition plays a part in the transgender narrative presented.
Trans fandom
Authors: Duggan Jennifer , Fazekas Angie
Published: March 2023

Editorial for "Trans Fandom," edited by Jennifer Duggan and Angie Fazekas, special issue, Transformative Works and Cultures, no. 39 (March 15, 2023).
Online Teaching in a Time of Crisis
Authors: Toma Roxana , Berge Matthew
Published: March 2023

We draw on Bourdieu's work on the sociology of education and introduce the idea of building social capital and community in the often misunderstood, one-sided narrative of online learning, which is seen as both an isolated and isolating experience.  We also look at educational praxis, which is "informed, committed action," to address socially differentiated educational attainment, which is perceived to be more pronounced in online learning.  To investigate this, we perform a narrative analysis of qualitative data from student evaluations of three online asynchronous courses taught within the past two years, where we introduced regular synchronous sessions.  Our findings indicate that synchronous sessions, especially during the pandemic, were perceived by students as a cornerstone of a pedagogy of care.  Further, the data suggest that these sessions work better than fully asynchronous courses for students prone to lower educational attainment due to uncontrollable conditions (e.g., socio-economic status, race) because of the additional layer of support.  Finally, our findings indicate that these sessions represent one effective way for students to build social capital and community in courses that are otherwise fully asynchronous.
Tutoring Postgraduate Students with an AI-Based Chatbot
Authors: Koivisto Matti
Published: March 2023

Tutoring and counselling are essential support services universities provide to their students. With the ever-increasing number of the students, providing these functions has become harder and harder. Therefore, universities have started to use chat robots or chatbots to automate their guidance and counselling services. This paper discusses the suitability of the chatbots or virtual advisers in personal study planning and course selection in higher educational institutions. The empiric part of the study reports the observations of the experiment conducted in a Finnish university of applied sciences. In the study postgraduate students of engineering used a tailor-made chatbot while creating their personal study plans. The findings of the study indicated that chatbots could to some extent improve student counselling and the main advantages were scalability and unlimited service hours. However, students did not see that artificial intelligence could fully remove the need for human counselling. The main reported shortcomings of the chatbot were the minor significance of the individuality, lack of inspiring effect, and general negative attitude towards automated services.
Food Security and the Future Role of Agricultural Extension in Building Agricultural Human Capital in the Arab Countries
Authors: Samy Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Most Arab countries have been struggling to deal with the global food crisis and the shortage of food commodities. In spite of their efforts, they face a critical food insecurity crisis of increasing the production of food commodities less rapidly than their consumption. This chapter presents efforts of three Arab countries—Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Morocco—in tackling the food insecurity crisis and the role of public and private agricultural extension in building agricultural human capital and in turn increasing agricultural productivity. These countries varied on their reliance on public agricultural extension to educate and train farmers, especially small-scale farmers, who are the majority of food crop producers. This chapter identifies challenges facing public agricultural extension and provides guidelines to reform and improve extension services to be able to assist in building agricultural human capital, increase productivity, and achieve acceptable levels of food security.
Economic Impact of COVID-19
Authors: Hamid Zainab , Shah Shawkat Ahmad
Published: March 2023

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) poses unprecedented challenges to global economy and international development and has become a humanitarian crisis affecting millions of lives and livelihoods throughout the world. It affects almost every economic activity and operation and at the same time poses a threat to every sector of the economy, people, places, and businesses. COVID-19 brought not only crisis, disruptions, and challenges but also bred fertile ground for opportunities, innovations, and digitalization of economic sectors. In this context, this chapter focuses keenly on the economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis, including the economic challenges and opportunities it creates, and accordingly, recommendations have been presented.
IoT Applications With Cryptography and Blockchain Technology in Healthcare Digital Twin Design
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: March 2023

In recent years, big data, artificial intelligence techniques, the Internet of Things (IoT), and other evolving digital technologies have been essential in regular healthcare services. The sensitive characteristic of healthcare data presents many crucial issues, such as security, privacy, interoperability, and reliability, that need consideration in healthcare data management systems. With the rapid development of digital techniques, integration methods, and data acquisition mechanisms, digital twin (DT) technology presents a new way to modernize healthcare services and information systems. One of the critical digital technologies, IoT-based information systems, is vulnerable to privacy and security-related issues. This chapter highlights the importance of an information system framework that consists of IoT with blockchain to tackle vulnerability issues using lightweight cryptography techniques.
Humanitarian and Soft Engineering for Disaster Mitigation in Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Syed Labib Ul , Islam G. M. Tarekul
Published: March 2023

Developing countries like Bangladesh are facing multidimensional challenges due to climate change. The traditional engineering sector needs to evolve to contribute to the solution of the emerging problems by incorporating social and technical solutions. Integration of humanitarian and soft engineering and proper project formulation and implementation can go a long way in addressing the challenges. Harmonised and clear policies to this end are of high importance, along with political will and accountability in the public investments. Efficient utilisation of resources are needed through objective and proper prioritisation of projects – free from external influence or interference. Geopolitical cooperation between countries, coordination between the government and non-government sectors, as well as within the departments of the government is crucial for the success of humanitarian and soft engineering in resource-constrained countries.
Redefining Health Education in the Post-Pandemic World
Authors: Simões de Almeida Raquel
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant disruptions in health education. At the time of crisis, digital technologies were instrumental in delivering synchronous and asynchronous online classes. The maximization of digital technologies during emergency remote education ensured the training continuity of future healthcare professionals. Nevertheless, online education does not reflect all the potential that instructional technologies can offer to the education sector. There have been emerging technologies and tools that can shape learning in higher education. Moreover, digital health is increasingly becoming an integral part of healthcare services as practitioners require new knowledge and skills to serve digitally-enabled patients. Consequently, in addition to adding these topics to the health curricula, we can also benefit from the use of technology as a health intervention. In this chapter, the authors discussed how curricula can profit from technology inclusion, and which limitations need to be considered to empower learners, educators, and leaders in the digital age.
The Intersection of Artificial Intelligence, Telemedicine, and Neurophysiology
Authors: Tavares Diana , Lopes Ana Isabel , Castro Catarina , Maia Gisela , Leite Liliana , Quintas Mónica
Published: March 2023

The technical-scientific area of neurophysiology has seen significant advancements in recent years, with the introduction of new technologies aimed at improving the diagnosis, treatment, and management of neurological conditions. However, these advancements resulted in significant repercussions in terms of specificity and sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy, and prognosis in more specific situations, particularly in the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and telemedicine. In this chapter, the authors aim to explore the current state of neurophysiology and examine the role of AI and telemedicine in addressing the challenges faced by this field. The authors will delve into the potential benefits and limitations of these technologies and their impact on patient outcomes, healthcare delivery, and the future of neurophysiology. The chapter's goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and potentialities of AI and telemedicine in neurophysiology, highlighting their significance in advancing the field and improving patient care.
Development of Professional Identity of Prospective EFL Teachers in Cyprus
Authors: Karpava Sviatlana
Published: March 2023

The students were asked to keep a reflective journal and make blogs entries, written narrative interviews, regarding various issues related to their past and present learning experiences, continuous professional development, language teacher identities, teaching and learning, teaching practicum, and peer observations. The analysis of reflective journal and blog entries as well as focus group discussions showed that student teachers' professional identities are shaped by their experiences at academic, pedagogical, and personal levels. Their practical and theoretical courses at university together with teaching practicum enhanced their critical-reflective engagement, research-oriented practices, allowing them to become reflective and critical practitioners in the future.
The Aspects of Teacher Identity in the Creation of Language Teaching Materials
Authors: Damaskou Eftychia
Published: March 2023

The Greek primary school classroom is a linguistic mosaic, where students bring their language experiences, and teachers have to carry out teaching in a way that all students are involved. The Greek literature on the teachers' role towards the linguistic diversity of their class focuses on beliefs and attitudes, but also specific training needs. However, teachers should have the chance to talk about what they are doing in the classroom. This chapter presents the findings of a qualitative research of a qualitative nature about the aspects of teachers' identity concerning language teaching material creation. Data were elicited through semi-structured interviews with 60 primary teachers, who shared their views and experiences about the adaptation of their material for language teaching. The data were transcribed and analyzed through the thematic analysis technique. The findings suggest that pedagogical choices, adaptability, active involvement, empathy, and reflection are key elements of teachers' identity in relation to the creation of material for language teaching.
Perspectives on Language Teacher Identity in the Context of a Post-Pandemic “New Normal” Epoch
Authors: Pham Duc Huu
Published: March 2023

In the post-pandemic “New Normal” time, language teacher identity (LTI) emerges as an important issue in the development of language education to strengthen understanding of professional development and teacher education processes. Since the important role that professional identity plays in teachers' beliefs and everyday practices, language teacher identity is defined as an effective category of sub-identities that can be in accordance with each other. Up to now, not many research studies have investigated how these multiple identities are formed and negotiated by teachers as they develop professionally. LTI innovative expansion and revitalization of the knowledge base of language teacher education, LTI work, and its dissemination can also be considered as an advantage for developing field professionals; specifically, in the post-pandemic “New Normal” epoch when teachers have to combine traditional teaching methods with technology-based approaches in which, the appeal to tradition is in the contrast with the appeal to novelty.
Engaging Students: The Assessment of Professional Identity and Emotional Intelligence of Language Teachers
Authors: Prajapati Renu , Gupta Sandhya
Published: March 2023

A teacher's attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, and skills are referred as ‘professional identity' that affects students. Research has focused on knowledge and skills but, downplayed teacher's emotional intelligence. Studies states that teachers' emotional intelligence affects how student engage. There are a few studies on the relationship between emotional intelligence of teachers and student engagement. This study aims to assess the relationship of student engagement with professional identity and emotional intelligence of language teachers. This study is conducted on 30 language teachers and their respective current students. For this, standardized tools were used for the assessment of variables undertaken for the study. The data was analysed statistically. The findings states that professional identity and emotional intelligence of language teachers is significantly positively correlated with student engagement. So, language teachers who are emotionally intelligent and have a healthier professional identity engage students to a higher level.
Possible Czech Teacher Selves
Authors: Převrátilová Silvie , Šormová Kateřina , Treichel Tomáš
Published: March 2023

Due to increasing numbers of pupils with a mother tongue different from Czech, teachers of the Czech language are facing unprecedented challenges. This chapter opens the discussion on Czech language teacher identity through the theory of possible selves. First, the chapter introduces the possible teacher selves theory in language teacher research. Next, it describes the situation of teachers and pupils with a different mother tongue (DMT) in the current Czech educational system. Data from a small-scale empirical study on four participants of Czech as a second language teacher development course demonstrate the Czech language teacher possible selves. Two sets of interviews were taken to explore the ideal, ought-to, and feared language teacher selves. Finally, factors underlying potential fluctuations in motivation are discussed.
Fostering Learner Control in an Online Beginner German as a Foreign Language Course
Authors: Banitz Brita , Lanners-Kaminski Patricia
Published: March 2023

Learner control is vital in self-directed learning within technology-enhanced language learning. Yet, to date, there is little discussion about learner control in beginners' classes with technology-enhanced learning novices in online contexts. The present study investigates how an online beginners' German as a foreign language course fosters learner control. Two components of the class, synchronous live meetings, and an asynchronous online component were analyzed for specific aspects assumed to cultivate learner control. The study takes a case study approach and is based on Pilling-Cormick's self-regulated and directed technology-enhanced learning model. A survey and interviews were conducted to answer the research question: To what degree does the online course foster learner control, if at all? The results reveal that despite a general dislike of online learning and little to no technology-enhanced learning experience, learner control was fostered to a high degree.
Building Teacher Expertise Through the Design of a Task-Based and CLIL- Oriented English Course for Wine Tourism Postgraduates
Authors: González Rodríguez Luisa María
Published: March 2023

This chapter addresses ESP teachers' commitment to assume a more professional identity by conducting previous research on their students' work-related needs and implementing EFL methodologies and syllabi oriented to developing functional competencies in the target language. Since a contextualized understanding of the skills required to function successfully in future jobs is essential to design context- and learner-oriented syllabi, this chapter describes the results of a survey carried out among 35 wineries engaged in wine tourism to find out the specific needs of professionals in the sector and details the methodological framework underlying the design and implementation of a three-unit English syllabus for wine tourist postgraduate students. Fundamental considerations for combining CLIL and TBL approaches within an ESP context are presented to demonstrate that they can lead the students enrolled in the master to professional proficiency in English and enable them to effectively apply their linguistic skills in the field of wine tourism.
Goodwill or Wind Chill?
Authors: Burden Peter
Published: March 2023

The impact of the working environment has been shown to either strengthen or constrain teacher identity, and a strong and vital university ethos has the potential to raise the levels of both teacher and student engagement. Teachers are shaped by institutional cultures, and ethos is a key determinant in promoting social and emotional well-being and mental health for all. A collegial and supportive ethos with a sense of community and support is essential for teacher identity to flourish. Yet what is “ethos”? It can be described as institutional core values, attitudes, beliefs, and culture, or, more simply in terms of personal aspects such as the positive attitudes of teachers and students. This chapter examines the ethos in a university in Western Japan through an ‘ethos indicator' questionnaire administered to 237 first year students. Five constructs, ‘atmosphere,' ‘fostering relationships,' ‘pressure,' ‘classroom stimulation,' and ‘values' emerged from the data. However, there are some indications that the university is not meeting some students' learning needs – perhaps an indication of ‘wind chill.' The findings act as a ‘tin-opener' into the culture of the institution and indicate that the ethos works for many students, but others feel a lack of challenge. This suggests that this institution is not pushing its students hard enough. Tertiary establishments may well benefit from institutional evaluation of ethos to understand student feelings and for the development of teacher identity.
Origins, Challenges, and the Future of Plurilingual Education Programs in Spain
Authors: Juan Rubio Antonio Daniel , García Conesa Isabel Maria
Published: March 2023

Languages occupy a very important place in our lives. Knowing a language not only sets new linguistic strategies and skills for yourself, but it gives a perspective on cultural diversity. This allows intercultural communication, which leads to an increase in globalization and harmony among the universe. This chapter provides an overview of the origins of the plurilingual programs in Spain, and it also shares some of the challenges bilingual teachers face in the classrooms teaching in tri-plurilingual programs and the future of the tri-plurilingual education programs in Spain. Findings in the area of third language acquisition and trilingualism have contributed to a better understanding of multilingual processes and use. Third language teaching, in consequence, has been informed by various trends in research of multilingual acquisition, but is also challenged by these findings. This research explains some educational and sociolinguistic characteristics of multilingual teaching in Spain and gives priority to current research in the teaching language field.
Optimizing the Classroom Environment to Enhance Literacy in the Primary Grades
Authors: Nunamaker Ross Glen Chandler , Mosier William
Published: March 2023

Language learning and developmentally appropriate assessment requires a classroom environment organized for active learning. Effective classroom management in primary grade young children requires that teachers have adequate emotional intelligence and practice reflectively. The appropriate use of technology with young children who are learning a second language is of utmost importance. Managing classroom interactions to achieve an optimal environment for language acquisition of children is vital during early childhood. The teacher support necessary to achieve this must include teachers learning how to nurture active parental engagement in ways that specifically support the socio-emotional needs of young children so that they are more ready to strengthen language skills. The research-based evidence of appropriate pedagogical techniques to implement with young children must be grounded in understanding applied linguistics.
Digitalization and Crises
Authors: Kankaew Kannapat , Komolvanij Theppaluk , Paethrangsi Nisara , Kungwol Korawin , Charernnit Kanittha , Worasuwannarak Benjapol , Waramontri Rojanard
Published: March 2023

The aftermath of globalization resulted in people coming to be global citizens. Though, the technology advancement and its adoption in organizations creating and allowing both customers and employees savoring new experiences. Furthermore, technology helps airlines facilitate the task, elevate performance, and accommodate customer's comfort. And yet, the training and development is required for the improvement of human resource competencies. The aims of this study were to: (1) investigate human resource development approaches that fit for ground service personnel in airline companies; and (2) examine the sense of sustainability implementation during development practices. A mixed method was administered in this study. The structural equation modelling (SEM) and in-depth interview were applied. The sampling were low-cost airlines and full-service airlines operating to and from Thailand.
Magkaisa!
Authors: Manacsa Rodelio Cruz
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to track how the various meanings of the Philippine bayan (nation) were communicated through music. First, an innovative theoretical framework is developed to map out how meanings of cultural texts are formed and how these meanings can shift and lead to political contentions and transitions. Thereafter, the framework is employed (1) to demonstrate how popular songs articulated the disparate ideals of the Philippine bayan and (2) to examine the different forms that the songs took across critical historical junctures. The findings indicate that the Filipino concept of bayan refers not only to a legal-political state independent from foreign control but to a socio-economic imaginary where every Filipino is maginhawa (fulfilled basic needs). Political actors deploy popular music to remind society of this, perennially subverting the existing order with uprisings like the so-called “People Power” revolutions until it is fulfilled.
Style as Identity Politics in China
Authors: Liu Zhaoxi
Published: March 2023

Cui Jian is the most famous Chinese rocker. GAI won the championship in China's very first rapping competition, “The Rap of China.” This chapter examines the styles of both stars to explore how they use unique styles to express and negotiate their identity within China's broader political context. Cui Jian's endorsement of the socialist idealism and hence the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) gives him some leeway in advocating for independent expression. GAI's gangsta swagger, on the other hand, was deemed subversive by the authorities and he was banned. Cui was able to maintain his style while GAI was forced to change. The chapter argues that musicians' styles mark their identity, which is in constant negotiation with the broader political environment. In China, it's about whether the musician's identity is compatible with the ruling party's hegemony. Cui and GAI provide two cases demonstrating how Chinese musicians negotiate their identity politics within the broader power structure.