bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards an international university. A professorship at The Franz Joseph University (Cluj-Napoca) in 1901
Authors: Varga Ildikó
Published: January 2022

The Franz Joseph University in Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) was the second modern university in the Kingdom of Hungary and it was founded in 1872. This paper presents a micro-historical investigation of a case from 1901, when the University considered inviting a Finnish linguist to the Department of Hungarian and Comparative Linguistics after the death of the Hungarian Jewish Professor Ignác Halász. The study sheds light on the arguments made to justify the need for a foreign professor and why this plan was not realized and on the role played by Emil Nestor Setälä, the professor of Finnish language and literature at the University of Helsinki, in the appointment process. The study is based on the personal correspondence of one of the candidates, Béla Vikár and the official documents of the University.
Гражданско образование и активност на студентите – между формалното и неформалното (във и извън аудитория) – педагогически паралели и проекции
Authors: Gospodinov Vladislav
Published: January 2022

The article aims to present the results of a study with students, dedicated to the connections and dependencies between formal and non-formal education. On the basis of the research, intersections and complementarities and discrepancies and deficits are outlined; the genesis of civic culture in the subjects; the challenges facing civic education and the connection between formal and nonformal education, incl. with a focus on real civic activity of students
Descriptions of New Chlamydopsinae (Coleoptera: Histeridae) from Laos
Authors: Tishechkin Alexey
Published: January 2022

New taxa of Chlamydopsinae (Histeridae) from Laos, Ceratohisteropsis gen. nov., Ceratohisteropsis kubani sp. nov., Ceratohister irynae sp. nov. and Ceratohister mazuri sp. nov., are described, diagnosed and illustrated. A key to the Chlamydopsinae species from continental Asia is presented.
Analysis of Biomedical Applications in Embedded Systems Devices
Authors: Dong Yue , Siu Charlie
Published: January 2022

Embedded systems are rapidly being used in clinical and biological applications, as well as commercial, telecommunications, government, and other business applications. Embedded system solutions are growing in popularity, not only with types of technologies, garments, industries, healthcare and military hardware, and mobile computers, but with software solutions like' electronic worlds' and 'mobile worlds,' deep learning, and internet of things, which allow for the creation of a wide range of application. With the growth of viral illnesses like the Covid-19 virus, tele-health technologies for diagnostics, prognostic, and patient treatment have become more important in recent decades. In medical technologies, embedded device techniques have taken a significant role. Developing techniques to improve the security of medical practitioners in the case of pandemic contagious diseases, such as epidemics, is particularly important. Patients released from clinics home-based or in treatment wards that are non-intensive during the quarantine period, or segregated in their residences, outpatients’ departments, and moderately ailing individuals are progressively being monitored remotely, instantaneously, safely, and rapidly for this reason. The applications biomedical applications in embedded systems will be discussed in this paper.
Modelling for Clinical and Psysiological Evaluation of Diabetes and Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Bornmann Elirea
Published: January 2022

There is a long history of arithmetic simulations in the domain of gluconeogenesis. There are various reasons why frameworks are used. Paradigms have been employed to calculate physiologically relevant parameters from intermediate experimental evidence, to offer a clear quantitative description of pathophysiology processes, and to identify clinical relevance indicators from basic empirical procedures. The creation and application of frameworks in this field has expanded in response to the rising social effect of type 2 diabetes that entails a disruption of the glycemic homeostasis system. The frameworks' emphasis has ranged from depictions of entire body functions to lymphocytes (form “in Vivo” to “in Vitro”) study, following the methodologies of physiologic and medicinal exploration. Framework-based techniques to connecting in vivo and in vitro research, and also multi-resolution systems that combine the two domains, have been presented. The arithmetic and psychological domains have had varying levels of effectiveness and influence.
A Survey of HISs with Information Systems Success Model
Authors: Ngqwala  , Dyk Van
Published: January 2022

Hospital Information System (HIS) is a form of healthcare information system that is globalized and applied in the medical sector. Researchers, doctors, and management are all interested in the rate of success of HISs; therefore it's a continuous study topic. At this research, we created a new tool to assess the success rate of HIS in a medical center based on the perspectives of users. The research was place in Ebnesina and Mashhad, Persia, at the Dr. Hejazi Mental Center and Educational Facility. A self-administered standardized questionnaire based on Information Systems Success Model (ISSM) was used to gather data, and it included seven factors: systems quality, data quality, quality of service, system use, applicability, fulfillment, and positive externalities. An advisory group checked the content's legitimacy. Cronbach alpha was used to test the consistency and stability of dimensions. To examine the importance of relationships between variables, Correlation and regression was determined. On the basis of user feedback, the HIS rate of success has been established. The research included a approximately 125 participants. A content validity index (CVI) of 0.8 and a validity ratio (CVR) of 0.86 were used by an advisory committee to verify the item. The instruments have an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.9. Between the analyzed dimensions, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed substantial positive connections. In the institution under investigation, the HIS rate of success averaged 65 percent. (CI: 64 percent, 67 percent). The greatest success rates were found in the aspects of "effectiveness," "systems quality," and "positive externalities." Future research might employ the tool used in this research to evaluate HIS. In this research, a technique for calculating the HIS rate of success depending on user feedback was established. This strategy enables institutional HIS chances of success to be compared. Our results also highlight the perspectives of HIS clients in a developing economy.
Advantages and Functions of Clinical and Decision Support Systems
Authors: R Dowse
Published: January 2022

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) signify the framework shift in the medical sector in the modern age. CDSSs are utilized in augmenting healthcare facilities in the process of making complex clinical decisions. Since the first application of CDSSs in the 80s, the framework has witnessed significant transformation. The frameworks are now administered through electronic healthcare records with complex capacities. Irrespective of these complex advancements, there are existing questions concerning the impacts of CDSSs on service providers, healthcare costs, and patients’ records. There are many published texts concerning the success stories of CDSSs, but significant setbacks have proved that CDSSs are not without any potential risks. In this research, we provide critical analysis on the application of CDSSs in clinical setting, integrating various forms, present application cases with proven effectiveness, potential harms and common pitfalls. We therefore conclude with evidence-centered recommendation for mitigating the issues of CDSSs maintainability, evaluation, implementation and designing.
A Review of Virtual and Augmented Reality Concepts, Technologies and Application
Authors: Lee Chris Duncan
Published: January 2022

Consumers and academics are paying attention to affordable Virtual Reality (VR) (VR) remedies such as the Sony Entertainment VR, Vive VR and Oculus VR, including the Mixed-Reality Interface (MRITF) such as Hololens, which suggests it may be the next big thing in technical advancement. Nevertheless, VR has a wide history: the ideology of the remedy was initiated in 1960s, and commercialized toolkit for VR in the 1960s introduced in 1980s. This paper starts with the analysis of the development from VR to Augmented Reality (AR). We conclude by evaluating implications that MRITF, AR and VR will be capable of succeeding in the scientific disciplines, incorporating the human interaction as evident in the advent of cellular devices, altered social engagement, and understanding among individuals, as occurred with the emergence of smartphones.
KÜRESEL İKLİM KRİZİ BAĞLAMINDA YENİ NESİL KENTSEL TASARIM YARIŞMASI DENEYİMİ; MELES YARIŞMASI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖZER Mehmet Nazım , ŞAHİN Savaş Zafer
Published: January 2022

Kentleşme deneyimlerine bağlı olarak kentlerimiz doğal niteliklerini ve kentsel potansiyellerini önemli oranda yitirmiştir. Kentlerin çeperlerinde olan, ancak hızlı kentleşme sonucu kent içerisinde kalan birçok ekolojik alan, yanlış müdahaleler veya yoğun yapılaşma sonucunda bozulmaya, ekolojik özelliklerini yitirmeye başlamıştır. Birçok kentimizde atıl kalmış veya korunamamış ekolojik alanların, küresel iklim krizi bağlamında yeniden ve yeni yaklaşımlar ile ele alınması gereklidir. Bu yaklaşım, kentsel büyümeyi kontrol etme, doğal kaynakları koruma, ekonomik gelişme, kentsel yenileme için çok yönlü planlama, tasarım ve yönetim konularını içermelidir.
Meles Çayı’nın, yoğun kentsel alanlardan kentsel çepere doğru bir ekolojik koridor olması ve bu koridorun kent ile entegrasyon aracı olarak değerlendirilmesi amacıyla açılan yarışma, bu tür yaklaşımlara en iyi örneklerden biridir. Çünkü Meles Çayı, diğer benzerleri gibi ekolojik anlamda kentleşmenin olumsuz etkilerine maruz kalmış ve bu bağlamda doğal bir çok özelliğini yitirmek üzere olmasına rağmen hala önemli bir potansiyel taşımaktadır. İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafından açılan bu alana ilişkin yarışma; geniş bir ekosistem içinde hem kırsal hem de kentsel ortamlarda biyolojik çeşitliliği sağlayan ve yöneten, doğal, yarı doğal ve kentsel alanlar arasındaki ilişkilerin yeniden kurgulanmasının araçlarını aramaktadır.
Kentsel tasarım yarışmaları, kent planlama ve kentsel tasarım ortamında kamuoyu oluşturmaya, yeni yaklaşımlara, teknolojilere ve araştırmalara öncülük etmeye, mevcut planlama ve tasarım paradigmalarını tartışmaya açmaya ve değiştirmeye yönelik kuram ve kurgu üretmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu çalışmada, ekolojik koridorun çok katmanlı, çok boyutlu ve karmaşık sorunlarına yönelik açılan “Kentsel ve Ekolojik Omurga Olarak Meles Çayı Ulusal Kentsel Tasarım Fikir Projesi Yarışması”nda 1. Mansiyon ile değerlendirilen projemizin yaratıcı, yenilikçi ve öncü çözümler olarak tartışmaya açılması amaçlanmaktadır.
LYCOPENE AND BETANINS BASED HERBAL LIPSTICK
Authors: Agarwal S , Vandana  , Bajaj Himani , Yadav M , Singh R. ,   Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Saharanpur - 247 341, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: January 2022

Colouring the skin particularly skin of face or lips, is an ancient practice going back to prehistoric times. The use of such coloring products has increased and the choice of shades of colour, texture and luster have changed and become wider. The present study was aimed at formulation and evaluation of a lipstick using herbal colouring agent. Herbal word is a symbol of safety in contrast to synthetic one which can have adverse effects on human health. Various physicochemical properties such as visual inspection, pH, melting point, breaking point, softening point, surface anomalies and solubility were assessed using established techniques. All the parameters were found to be within acceptable limits.
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF NIGELLA OIL AND CLOTRIMAZOLE AS ETHOSOMAL GEL FOR IMPROVED TREATMENT OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Momin M , Butte K. , D’Souza A. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mithibai College Campus, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai – 400 056, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

The aim of this research work was to develop an ethosomal gel containing nigella oil encapsulated with clotrimazole (CLT) for improved antifungal activity. The ethosomes were prepared using soya lecithin (SpC) and Nigella oil (NO) as lipids by thin film hydration and they exhibited a particle size of 136±69 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 65.44±1.08 %. CLT ethosomal gel exhibited controlled release of CLT with a steady flux of 7.20mcg/cm2/h across cellophane membrane. The ethosomal gel was stable for 180 days with no significant change in physiochemical parameters. In vitro antifungal activity demonstrated a synergistic action of CLT and NO against the fungal strains compared to plain CLT and NO. This signifies that the combination of NO and CLT in an ethosomal gel has tremendous potential to serve as a synergistic topical anti-fungal preparation than simple ethosomal formulation of CLT.
A GREENER APPROACH TO SYNTHESIS OF DIACEREIN
Authors: Gangurde S. A , Laddha K. S , Joshi S. V. ,   Medicinal Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai - 400 019. Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2022

Diacerein, also known as diacetylrhein (1,8-diacetoxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone), is a slow-acting active pharmaceutical ingredient of the anthraquinone class used to treat joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (swelling and pain in the joints). It works by inhibiting interleukin-1 beta and demonstrates anti-arthritic activity without inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Diacerein-containing medications are registered in some European Union and Asian countries and are included as a treatment option on several international therapeutic guidelines. Different approaches have been reported for the synthesis of this compound. Many approaches have been reported for preparation of diacerein specially employing reagents like hexavalent chromium compounds which are toxic and effluent-unfriendly. We report herein synthesis of diacerein, a potent antiarthritic ingredient, by employing a greener chemical method and also synthesis of acetyl vanillic acid by employing similar scheme having same functional groups.
DESIGNING A PLATFORM TECHNOLOGY FOR AGE APPROPRIATE PEDIATRIC DOSAGE FORM
Authors: More D. M. , Chaudhari P. D. , More S. D. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Modern College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule University of Pune, Yamunanagar, Nigdi - 411 044, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

Present work was aimed to develop a platform technology for pediatric dosage form which masks the bitter taste of a drug and to prepare flexible solid oral dosage form using hot melt extrusion (HME). Eudragit EPO, a cationic co-polymer insoluble in pH above 5, was used as a taste masking polymer to restrict the drug release in saliva. Soluplus, a graft co-polymer freely soluble in water was used as solubility enhancer. Test formulation released less than 10 % drug Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) in pH 6.8 compared to 89% of marketed formulation simulated to limited release of drug in the saliva and thus avoiding the bitterness. DSC and XRD tests confirmed the existence of molecularly dispersed drug. FTIR confirmed the presence of unchanged functional groups of drug in its tablet form after HME processing. Proposed platform technology successfully masked the bitter taste in the ratio of D:P 1:2 and overcame this challenge of oral dosage form.
Teaching and Learning Techniques for the Online Environment. How to Maintain Students’ Attention and Achieve Learning Outcomes in a Virtual Environment Using New Technology
Authors: Moşteanu Narcisa Roxana
Published: January 2022

Digital communication has become vital to all social and economic sectors. Today we are experiencing a transition from traditional learning to e-learning via digital means. Overnight, all of humanity is learning how to adapt to digital life and leaving traditional ways of doing things behind. Digitization has been around for several years, but has become a necessity due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Lockdowns have forced us to work remotely and to use digital networks to communicate, make payments, and learn – all sectors have had to abruptly adapt to the digital age. This paper shows how teaching and learning approaches need to adapt to new communication requirements and students' needs to achieve learning outcomes in a virtual environment. This paper uses both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze professors’ and students’ perspectives on the techniques of online teaching and learning, both during the isolation period and after, and what the best methods are for online learning, taking into consideration how to maintain students’ attention and how to get them actively involved in the learning process. The aim of this study is to develop a holistic image of online teaching-learning-assessment activities, to ensure the efficiency and quality of the educational process in the university environment.
Komunikasi Kiai dalam Menjaga Komitmen dan Kompetensi SDM Beda Agama di Pondok Pesantren Bali Bina Insani Tabanan
Authors: Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: January 2022

Komunikasi efektif bagi kiai penting dimiliki. Ada pelbagai dasar yang mendukung pentingnya komunikasi egektif bagi kiai. Pertama, komunikasi adalah proses pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pemimpinan dan pengendalian manajemen yang cukup banyak dilakukan oleh kiai di pesantren, kiai terus berupaya untuk menempatkan setiap orang sesuai dengan kompetensi yang dimiliki. Kedua, komunikasi sebuah aktifitas yang cukup banyak menyita waktu pemimpin, kiai sebagai sosok sentral di pesantren tidak hanya melakukan komunikasi dengan santri dan pengurus pesantren akan tetapi dengan masyarakat luas. Saat terjadi komunikasi pemimpin bisa melakukan segala hal yang terkait dengan tugas yang menjadi tanggungjawabnya. Semua informasi harus disampaikan melalui pelbagai bentuk media atau saluran komunikasi terhadap pemimpin. Supaya pemimpin memiliki dasar untuk membuat sebuah perencanaan dan kebijakan. Rencana oleh kiai dikomunikasikan dan disosialisakan bagi orang lain untuk kemudian dilaksanakan. Sebagaimana kiai dalam melakukan kebijakan yang menyangkut upaya menjaga komitmen dan kompetensi SDM yang dimiliki Pondok Pesantren Bali Bina Insani tanpa melihat perbedaan latar belakang.
Levinas, Adorno, and the Light of Redemption: Notes on a Critical Eschatology
Authors:   University of Toronto, Shaul Dylan
Published: January 2022

It seems natural to suppose that the burgeoning field of critical phenomenology would come to bear at least some affinities or resemblances (whether implicitly or explicitly) to critical theory, insofar as both are deeply concerned with directing a rigorous critical eye towards the most pressing political, economic, cultural, and social issues of our time. Yet critical theory has also had its share of critics of phenomenology itself, not least of which was the foremost member of the first-generation Frankfurt School critical theorists, Theodor W. Adorno. Adorno’s critique of phenomenology was, for historical reasons, confined to Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, and might be concisely put as follows: for Adorno, classical phenomenology is insufficiently critical towards contemporary realities of oppression and domination (an insufficiency variously attributed to an alleged pernicious idealism, solipsism, methodological individualism, descriptivism, or ahistoricism in classical phenomenology). On this count, critical phenomenologists today may very well agree—at least to the point of affirming that phenomenology’s critical potential remained largely “untapped” in its classical formulations. However, in a twist of historical fate, Adorno failed to engage with a contemporaneous phenomenologist with whom he perhaps had more in common than anyone else: Emmanuel Levinas. Levinas himself was also notably critical of Husserl and Heidegger (while of course also being enormously indebted to them), for reasons not altogether dissimilar to Adorno’s. For Levinas, phenomenology had hitherto neglected the fundamental ethical or moral dimensions of experience—in particular our ethical responsibility towards the Other in the face of the manifold evils and injustices of the world. What might Adorno have thought of Levinas’s work, and Levinas of Adorno’s? What might they have learned from one another? And how might this exchange have affected the trajectories of critical theory, phenomenology, or critical phenomenology?
Conditional complements of sets and their application to group theory
Authors: ÇAĞMAN Naim
Published: January 2022

Among the most important concepts of mathematics are sets, of which one of the critical concepts is the complement of a set. This work defines two conditional complements of sets as a new concept of set theory, i.e., inclusive complement and exclusive complement. By comparing these two, we then explore the relationships between them. We also apply them to the group theory and define complement subgroup of a group. Finally, we conclude the study with two interesting questions about the subject.
Local fractional Elzaki transform and its application to local fractional differential equations
Authors: ZİANE Djelloul , HAMDİ CHERİF Mountassir
Published: January 2022

The objective of our work is to couple the Elzaki transform method and the local fractional derivative which is called local fractional Elzaki transform, where we have provided important results of this transformation as local fractional Laplace-Elzaki duality, Elzaki transform of the local fractional derivative and the local fractional integral and the local fractional convolution, also we have presented the properties of some special functions with the local fractional derivative sense. The Elzaki transform was applied to solve some linear local fractional differential equations in order to obtain non-differentiable analytical solutions. The results of the solved examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Occurrence of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feed Collected from the Northeastern Area of Morocco
Authors: Alahlah Naoual , El Maadoudi Mohammed , Bouchriti Nourredine , Bouchriti Nourredine , Triqui Réda , Stitou Meriem , Hafid Nour Houda , El Ouahabi Oussama
Published: January 2022

The carry-over of contaminants from feed to animal products is an important issue in the animal production chain, therefore, the quality control of those animal products should include the control of the animal feed. The current study was carried out to assess the contamination levels of three types of animal feed (dairy animal feed, poultry feed, and fish feed) by Aflatoxin B1. A total of 68 animal feed samples were collected from the Northeastern Moroccan area (Tangier-Tétouan-AL Hoceima). The samples were extracted with a mixture of acetone/water. The sample extractions were filtered, diluted with phosphate-buffered saline, and applied to an immunoaffinity column. Aflatoxin B1 was eluted with methanol then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, after post-column photochemical derivatization. The analytical results for the level of Aflatoxin B1 in the animal feed samples revealed an average presence of 44.12% for all analyzed samples. The concentrations were between 1.02 and 13.59 µg/Kg, with a mean value of 4.08 ± 3.11 µg/Kg. The results indicated that there was a significant difference across the three types of animal feeds regarding the concentrations of Aflatoxin B1.
Isolation and Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Commercial Layer Chickens in Sylhet, Bangladesh
Authors: Basit Md Shamsul Islam , Al Mamun Mohammad , Rahman Md. Masudur , Noor Monira
Published: January 2022

Mycoplasma gallisepticum induced poultry diseases are associated with a huge economic crisis and have a considerable impact on the poultry industry worldwide. The aim of the current study was to isolate and perform molecular detection of MG circulating pathogenic strain in the commercial layer farms in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The entire study was conducted from January 2018 to January 2019 at three Upazilas of Sylhet district in Bangladesh. A total of 50 dead layer chickens (indicating signs of respiratory distress before death) were collected randomly from 15 different layer farms. The tissue samples, such as air sacs, trachea, and lungs, were taken from suspected dead chickens. Both cultural and PCR-based techniques were applied to identify Mycoplasma from tissue samples. The conventional PCR technique was implemented to amplify 185 bp DNA fragments for the MG. Out of 50 samples, 36% (18/50) and 70% (35/50) of MG were identified by cultural method and PCR, respectively. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that PCR is an easier, more sensitive, and less time-consuming method for the early diagnosis of MG in chickens, compared to cultural isolation and hence can lower the economic burden to poultry farmers caused by this disease.
Detection of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 from Semen by Real-time PCR to Prevent the Spread of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Infection
Authors: Untari Tri , Kristianingrum Yuli Purwandari , Kusumawati Asmarani
Published: January 2022

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) can be transmitted by livestock seeds and semen, through the process of artificial insemination. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the presence of the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) in semen through artificial insemination and breeding centers of Indonesia. The current study aimed to detect the presence of the virus in semen as a source of IBR disease transmission in Indonesia. A total of 27 semen samples from artificial insemination and breeding centers (Sembawa, Lembang, Ungaran, and Sleman) in Indonesia have been examined and identified using the real-time PCR (qPCR) technique. The result showed that all samples were negative to BHV1. This indicated that semen from Ungaran, Sembawa, Sleman, and Lembang was safe to be used as a semen source for artificial insemination.
Development of Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Using Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive
Authors: Behera Sagrika , Bhatt Seema , Dobhal Sneha
Published: January 2022

Oriented strand board (OSB) was prepared using poplar wood with different resin content of phenol formaldehyde. It was observed that modulus of rupture and screw withdrawal of face and edge was more in oriented strand board as compare to solid wood. Internal bonding strength was very less in oriented strand board as compare to solid wood. It was also observed that most of the properties improve with increase in resin content.
Automatic Image-Driven Segmentation of Left Ventricle in Cardiac Cine MRI
Authors: Lu Yingli , Radau Perry , Connelly Kim , Dick Alexander , Wright Graham
Published: January 2022

This study investigates a fully automatic left ventricle segmentation method from cine short axis MR images. Advantages of this method include that it: 1) is image-driven and does not require manually drawn initial contours. 2) provides not only endocardial and epicardial contours, but also papillary muscles and trabeculations’ contours; 3) introduces a roundness measure that is fast and automatically locates the left ventricle; 4) simplifies the epicardial contour segmentation by mapping the pixels from Cartesian to approximately polar coordinates; and 5) applies a fast Fourier transform to smooth the endocardial and epicardial contours. Quantitative evaluation was performed on the 15 subjects of the MICCAI 2009 Cardiac MR Left Ventricle Segmentation hallenge. The average perpendicular distance between manually drawn and automatically selected contours over all slices, all studies, and two phases (end-diastole and end-systole) was 2.07 0.61 mm for endocardial and 1.91 0.63 mm for epicardial contours. These results indicate a promising method for automatic segmentation of left ventricle for clinical use.
Atlas to Image-with-Tumor Registration Based on Demons and Deformation Inpainting
Authors: Lamecker Hans , Pennec Xavier
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a method for nonlinear registration of images, where there exists no one-to-one correspondence in parts of the image. Such a situation occurs for instance in the case where an atlas of normal anatomy shall be matched to pathological data, such as tumors, resections or lesions. Our idea is to use local confidence weights and to model pathological regions with zero confidence. We integrate this concept into the efficient and publicly available diffeomorphic demons registration framework. Finally, we show that this process better captures deformations in high-confidence regions than without using the proposed modification. Furthermore, it is easy to implement and runs faster than previous approaches.
An Intelligent cluster-based segmentation using Wavelet Features:Application to Medical Images
Authors: V Thavavel , J JafferBasha
Published: January 2022

Segmentation forms the onset for image analysis especially for medical images, making any abnormalities in tissues distinctly visible. Possible application includes the detection of tumor boundary in SPECT, MRI or electron MRI (EMRI). Nevertheless, tumors being heterogeneous pose a great problem when automatic segmentation is attempted to accurately detect the region of interest (ROI). Consequently, it is a challenging task to design an automatic segmentation algorithm without the incorporation of ‘a priori’ knowledge of an organ being imaged. To meet this challenge, here we propose an intelligence-based approach integrating evolutionary k-means algorithm within multi-resolution framework for feature segmentation with higher accuracy and lower user interaction cost. The approach provides several advantages. First, spherical coordinate transform (SCT) is applied on original RGB data for the identification of variegated coloring as well as for significant computational overhead reduction. Second the translation invariant property of the discrete wavelet frames (DWF) is exploited to define the features, color and texture using chromaticity of LL band and luminance of LH and HL band respectively. Finally, the genetic algorithm based K-means (GKA), which has the ability to learn intelligently the distribution of different tissue types without any prior knowledge, is adopted to cluster the feature space with optimized cluster centers. Experimental results of proposed algorithm using multi-modality images such as MRI, SPECT, and EMRI are presented and analyzed in terms of error measures to verify its effectiveness and feasibility for medical applications.
A semi-automated method for liver tumor segmentation based on 2D region growing with
Authors: Wong Damon , Liu Jiang , Yin Fengshou , Tian Qi , Xiong Wei , Zhou Jiayin , Yingyi Qi , Han Thazin , Venkatesh Sudhakar , Wang Shih-Chang
Published: January 2022

Liver tumour segmentation from computed tomography (CT) scans is a challenging task. A semi-automatic method based on 2D region growing with knowledge-based constraints is proposed to segment lesions from constituent 2D slices obtained from 3D CT images. Minimal user involvement is required to define an approximate region of interest around the suspected legion area. The seed point and feature vectors are then calculated and voxels are labeled using a region-growing approach. Knowledge-based constraints are incorporated into the method to ensure the size and shape of the segmented region is within acceptable parameters. The individual segmented lesions can then be stacked together to generate a 3D volume. The proposed method was tested on a training set of 10 tumours and a testing set of 10 tumours. To evaluate the results quantitatively, various measures were used to generate scores. Based on the results obtained from the 10 testing tumours, the method was resulted in an average score of 64.
Head and Neck Auto-segmentation Challenge
Authors: Pekar Vladimir , Allaire Stephane , Kim John , Jaffray David
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the results of the Head and Neck Auto-segmentationChallenge, which was part of the workshop “3D Segmentation in the Clinic: A Grand Challenge”. This workshop took place in London, UK, in September 2009, in conjunction with the 12th conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions (MICCAI). The aim of the challenge was to evaluate the performance of fully automated algorithms in segmenting the mandible and the brainstem in head and neck CT image data used in radiotherapy planning. We describe the motivation behind the clinical application selected for the challenge, the image data used, and the metrics applied for the quantitative assessment of the segmentation accuracy with respect to the ground truth segmentations provided by a clinical expert. The quantitative evaluation results of the auto-segmentations submitted by the workshop participants are included.
Integration of a Robotic Endoscope Holder with the Surgical Assistant Workstation Software Framework
Authors: Young Jessie , Elhawary Haytham , Popovic Aleksandra
Published: January 2022

We have integrated the Philips Research robot arm with the Johns Hopkins cisst library, an open-source platform for computer assisted surgical intervention, for assistance during minimally invasive cardiac surgery using image-based steering of an endoscope. The development of a Matlab to C++ wrapper to abstract away servo-level details facilitates the rapid development of a component-based framework with “plug and play” features. This allows the user to easily exchange the robot with an alternative manipulator while maintaining the same overall functionality.
Edge Based Tube Detection for Coronary Artery Centerline Extraction
Authors: Bauer Christian , Bischof Horst
Published: January 2022

The extraction of the coronary artery central lumen lines from CTA datasets is a necessary prerequisite for the computerized assessment of heart related disease. In this work, we present an automatic approach for this task that consists of generic methods for detection of tubular objects, extraction of their centerlines, grouping of the single centerlines into complete tree structures, and some application specific adaptions for the identification of the coronary arteries. The tube detection approach is based on the Gradient Vector Flow and an analysis of the resulting vector field. Contrary to conventional tube detection filters this approach avoids multi-scale analysis with related scale space problems and is able to identify tubular objects surrounded by different tissues such as blood vessels in proximity of calcifications. After identification of the tubular structures their centerlines are extracted and grouped into complete tree structures. Based on gray value information and centerline length tubular structures not belonging to the coronary arteries are removed. The approach has been evaluated on 16 clinical datasets showing a high overlap of 94% with known reference centerlines and an average distance of 0.58mm.
CustusX: A Research Application for Image-Guided Therapy
Authors: Askeland Christian , Lindseth Frank , Lervik Bakeng Janne Beate , Solberg Ole Vegard , Tangen Geir Arne
Published: January 2022

CustusX version 3 is an in-house application for research in image-guided therapy with a focus on intraoperative use and ultrasound imaging. It is built upon open source toolkits such as the Insight Toolkit (ITK), the Visualization Toolkit (VTK), Qt and others. CustusX has a layered architecture based on services, and is extensible through the use of plugins. Key features are a user interface configurable by the user, an abstraction of the VTK pipeline, cross-platform video acquisition including temporal calibration, and a patient model. This paper gives an overview of the architecture and a description of the key concepts.
OpenITGLinkMUSiiC: A Standard Communications Protocol for Advanced Ultrasound Research
Authors: Kang Hyun-jae , Stolka Philipp , Boctor Emad
Published: January 2022

Ultrasound imaging is the most popular and safe diagnostic medical imaging modality. Over the past years, a considerable number of studies have been conducted on new medical ultrasound imaging modalities such as ultrasound-based elasticity imaging, photoacoustic imaging, thermal imaging, etc. Moreover, results of such advanced ultrasound research are readily integrated with Image Guided Therapy (IGT) systems due to the advantages of ultrasound imaging such as mobility and real-time data acquisition. For integrating two systems, a communication method between systems has to be devised. OpenIGTLink is a standardized TCP/IP-based protocol for the integration of medical imaging and IGT systems. However, OpenIGTLink is not sufficient for communicating between IGT and advanced ultrasound research systems, because OpenIGTLink does not define any message type for general ultrasound data and some results of ultrasound researching. In this paper, we propose an extension to OpenIGTLink, called OpenIGTLinkMUSiiC, by adding new message types and new network classes. Our new message types are designed for containing raw ultrasound data, advanced ultrasound modalities, and text-based control parameters. The network classes of OpenIGTLinkMUSiiC improve upon the performance of existing network classes by implementing a multithread architecture. Finally, we present two ultrasound research applications using OpenIGTLink-MUSiiC.
3D Segmentation in the Clinic: A Grand Challenge II - Coronary Artery Tracking
Authors: Metz Coert , Schaap Michiel , van Walsum Theo , van der Giessen Alina , Weustink Annick , Mollet Nico , Krestin Gabriel , Niessen Wiro
Published: January 2022

In this paper the Coronary Artery Tracking competition, which was part of the workshop: “3D Segmentation in the Clinic: A Grand Challenge II” is described. This workshopwas held during the 2008 Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) conference. An introduction is given to underline the importance of (semi-)automatic coronary artery centerline extraction methods and the advantages of an online framework facilitating a fair comparison of these methods. Furthermore, information is provided about the set-up of the workshop, the evaluation measures used and the online framework. Results for the algorithms, submitted by both industrial and academic research institutes, are presented as well.
Deformable Registration with Discontinuity Preservation using Multi-Scale MRF
Authors: Seo Dohyung , Van Baar Jeroen
Published: January 2022

Deformable (2D or 3D) medical image registration is a challenging problem. Existing approaches assume that the underlying deformation is smooth. This smoothness assumption allows for solving the deformable registration at a coarse resolution and interpolate for finer resolutions. However, sliding of organs and breathing motion, exhibit discontinuities. We propose a discrete optimization approach to preserve these discontinuities. Solving continuous deformations using discrete optimization requires a fine distribution of the discrete labels. Coupled with the typical size of medical image datasets, this poses challenges to compute solutions efficiently. In this paper we present a practical, multi-scale formulation. We describe how discontinuities can be preserved, and how the optimization problem is solved. Results on synthetic 2D, and real 3D data show that we can well approximate the smoothness of continuous optimization, while accurately maintaining discontinuities.
Simultaneous Manifold Learning and Clustering: Grouping White Matter Fiber Tracts Using a Volumetric White Matter Atlas
Authors: Wassermann Demian , Deriche Rachid
Published: January 2022

We propose a new clustering algorithm. This algorithm performs clustering and manifold learning simultaneously by using a graph-theoretical approach to manifold learning. We apply this algorithm in order to cluster white matter ﬁber tracts obtained fromDiffusion TensorMRI (DT-MRI) through streamline tractography. Our algorithm is able perform clustering of these fiber tracts incorporating information about the shape of the ﬁber and a priori knowledge as the probability of the fiber belonging to known anatomical structures. This anatomical knowledge is incorporated as a volumetric white matter atlas, in this case LONI’s ICBM DTI-81
On What Manifold do Diffusion Tensors Live?
Authors: Pasternak Ofer , Verma Ragini , Sochen Nir , Basser Peter J.
Published: January 2022

Diﬀusion tensor imaging has become an important research and clinical tool, owing to its unique ability to infer microstructural properties of living tissue. Increased use has led to a demand for statistical tools to analyze diﬀusion tensor data and perform, for example, conﬁdence estimates, ROI analysis, and group comparisons. A ﬁrst step towards developing a statistical framework is establishing the basic notion of distance between tensors. We investigate the properties of two previously proposed metrics that deﬁne a Riemannian manifold: the aﬃne-invariant and Euclidean metrics. We ﬁnd that the Euclidean metric is more appropriate for intra-voxel comparisons, and suggest that a context-dependent metric may be required for inter-voxel comparisons.
Learning Shape Representations for Multi-Atlas Endocardium Segmentation in 3D Echo Images
Authors: Oktay Ozan , Shi Wenzhe , Keraudren Kevin , Caballero Jose , Rueckert Daniel
Published: January 2022

As part of the CETUS challenge, we present a multi-atlas segmentation framework to delineate the left-ventricle endocardium in echocardiographic images. To increase the robustness of the registration step, we introduce a speckle reduction step and a new shape representation based on sparse coding and manifold approximation in dictionary space. The shape representation, unlike intensity values, provides consistent shape information across different images. The validation results on the test set show that registration based on our shape representation significantly improves the performance of multi-atlas segmentation compared to intensity based registration. To our knowledge it is the first time that multi-atlas segmentation achieves state-of-the-art results for echocardiographic images.
Minimally Interactive Knowledge-based Coronary Tracking in CTA using a Minimal Cost Path
Authors: Krissian Karl , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Pozo Jose Maria , Villa-Uriol Maria Cruz , Frangi Alejandro
Published: January 2022

An algorithm for minimally interactive coronary artery tracking is presented. Tracking ability and accuracy results are demonstrated on 16 images CTA images. First, a region of interest is automatically selected and a denoising filter applied. Then, for each voxel the probability of belonging to a coronary vessel is estimated from a feature space and a vesselness measure is used to obtain a cost function. The vessel starting point is obtained automatically, while the end point is provided by the user. Finally, the centerline is obtained as the minimal cost path between both points.
Validation of Liver Tumor Segmentation in CT Scans by Relating Manual and Algorithmic Performance - A Preliminary Study
Authors: Moltz Jan hendrik , Rühaak Jan , Engel Christiane , Kayser Ulrike , Peitgen Heinz-Otto
Published: January 2022

The development of segmentation algorithms for liver tumors in CT scans has found growing attention in recent years. The validation of these methods, however, is often treated as a subordinate task. In this article, we review existing approaches and present rst steps towards a new methodology that evaluates the quality of an algorithm in relation to the variability of manual delineations. We obtained three manual segmentations for 50 liver lesions and computed the results of a segmentation algorithm. We compared all four masks with each other and with different ground truth estimates and calculated scores according to the validation framework from the MICCAI challenge 2008. Our results show some cases where this more elaborate evaluation reflects the segmentation quality in a more adequate way than traditional approaches. The concepts can also be extended to other similar segmentation problems.
Segmentation of Liver Metastases Using a Level Set Method with Spiral-Scanning Technique and Supervised Fuzzy Pixel Classification
Authors: Smeets Dirk , Stijnen Bert , Loeckx Dirk , De Dobbelaer Bart , Suetens Paul
Published: January 2022

In this paper a specific method is presented to facilitate the semi-automatic segmentation of liver metastases in CT images. Accurate and reliable segmentation of tumors is e.g. essential for the follow-up of cancer treatment. The core of the algorithm is a level set function. The initialization is provided by a spiral-scanning technique based on dynamic programming. The level set evolves according to a speed image that is the result of a statistical pixel classification algorithm with supervised learning. This method is tested on CT images of the abdomen and compared with manual delineations of liver tumors.
IHE in Surgery - Proposal for a new IHE domain
Authors: Burgert Oliver , Treichel Thomas , Bohn Stefan
Published: January 2022

IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise) gives guidelines on which standards in medicine shall be used in which way to achieve a specific goal. Therefore, IHE can serve as a basis to promote the usage of open standards in Computer Assisted Interventions. The paper motivates the usage of IHE in Surgery and Computer Assisted Therapy and gives examples of first IHE supplements based on already existing DICOM Supplements. An outlook on the possible focus of IHE in Surgery is given.
Multimodal Analysis of Vasogenic Edema in Glioblastoma Patients for Radiotherapy Planning
Authors: Lê Matthieu , Delingette Hervé , Kalpathy-cramer Jayashree , Gerstner Elizabeth , Shih Helen , Batchelor Tracy , Unkelbach Jan , Ayache Nicholas
Published: January 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain tumor, which is characterized by an infiltrative growth pattern. In current practice, radiotherapy planning is primarily based upon T2 FLAIR MRI despite its known lack of specificity in the detection of tu- mor infiltration. While hyperintensity on T2 FLAIR is widely considered to represent infiltrative tumor, it may also be caused by the presence of vasogenic edema (VE), caused by a leakage of fluid into the brain parenchyma. Distinguishing VE from infiltrative tumor could have im- pact on improving radiotherapy planning. In this paper we study a data set of 17 GBM patients treated with anti-angiogenic therapy for which a fast decrease of T2 FLAIR hypersignal is observed, which indicates the resolution of VE. We investigate if multimodal MRI acquisitions in- cluding diffusion tensor imaging can distinguish between VE and tumor infiltration prior to therapy. Using a random forest classifier, we show that, in this study, morphological information based on the contrast en- hanced T1 image explains up to 75% of the extent of VE. The information from different imaging modalities did not significantly improve the clas- sification. We then show that delineating the VE prior to therapy can have substantial impact on radiotherapy target delineation, leading to smaller treatment volumes and reducing potentially harmful radiation dose to normal brain tissue.