bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
भूमंडलीकरण के दौर के उपन्यासों में उत्तर भारत के गाँव
Authors: Kumar Shashank
Published: June 2023

भारतीय समाज पर भूमंडलीकरण का प्रभाव 1990 के दशक से महसूस किया जाता है। धीरे-धीरे अब सभी इसके प्रभाव की तीव्रता को महसूस करने लगे हैं। अर्थव्यवस्था, मीडिया और कभी-कभी समाज पर भी भूमंडलीकरण के प्रभाव का लगभग नियमित रूप से विश्लेषण किया जाता है और विभिन्न मंचों पर बहस की जाती है। भूमंडलीकरण संचार, परिवहन और व्यापार में प्रगति द्वारा संचालित दुनिया की अर्थव्यवस्थाओं, संस्कृतियों और आबादी की बढ़ती परस्पर संबद्धता और एक दूसरे पर अवलंबन को संदर्भित करता है। ग्रामीण विकास पर भूमंडलीकरण का प्रभाव सकारात्मक और नकारात्मक दोनों हो सकते हैं। इस शोध आलेख में भूमंडलीकरण की प्रक्रिया से ग्रामीण यथार्थ को जोड़ने का कारण है कि विश्व मे सर्वाधिक गाँवों की संख्या हिंदुस्तान में विद्यमान है। हिंदुस्तान की लगभग सत्तर प्रतिशत आबादी गाँव में रहती है। गाँव में रहने वाले अधिकतर लोग कृषि पर आश्रित है, इसलिए हिंदुस्तान एक कृषि प्रधान देश के रूप में विश्व-पटल पर मौजूद है। ऐसे में भूमंडलीकरण के व्यापक प्रभाव हमें ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में विशिष्ट रूप से लक्षित होता हैं। जैसे कि आर्थिक एवं राजनीतिक प्रभाव, औद्योगीकरण पर प्रभाव, रोजगार के अवसरों पर प्रभाव, गरीबी उन्मूलन कार्यक्रमों पर प्रभाव, कृषि पर प्रभाव, पर्यावरण पर प्रभाव आदि।वर्तमान समय में ग्रामीण जीवन पर भूमंडलीकरण के कारण उत्पन्न हुए परिवर्तन को साहित्यकारों ने महसूस कर उसकी यथार्थ अभिव्यक्ति की है। ग्रामीण यथार्थ को साहित्य की अन्य विधाओं ने भी वर्ण्य विषय बनाया है, लेकिन उपन्यास ने ग्रामीण संवेदना को, गांव की माटी में रहकर दुख-दर्द व संत्रास भोगनेवाले दलितों की दयनीय स्थिति को, किसानों की त्रासदी को पूरी ईमानदारी से हूबहू चित्रित करने का प्रयास किया है। इस आलेख में प्रमुख रूप से इन उपन्यासों [‘अकाल संध्या’- रामधारी सिंह दिवाकर, ‘डूब’- वीरेंद्र जैन, ‘एक थी मैना एक था कुम्हार’- हरि भटनागर, ‘माटी कहे कुम्हार से’- मिथिलेश्वर, ‘काली चाट’- सुनील चतुर्वेदी] पर केंद्रित होते हुए अपनी बात रखने की कोशिश की गई है।
Peran pendidikan agama kristen dalam pembentukan karakter siswa
Authors: Kamlasi Arnoni , venu.@gmail.com  , mateuszgrzadkowski@gmail.com
Published: June 2023

Pendidikan adalah suatu proses pembelajaran dari tidak tahu menjadi tahu. Hal ini sesuai dengan asal kata pendidikan dalam KBBI"kata pendidikan berasal dari kata didik yang mendapatkan imbulan"pe" dan akhiran "an". Maka kata ini mempunyai proses pengubahan sikap dan tingkah laku seseorang atau kelompok orang dalam usaha mendewasakan manusia melalui upaya pengajaran dan pelatihan. H. Horne( Retno Listyarti. 2012) Pendidikan adalah proses yang terus menerus ( abadi) dari penyusunan yang lebih tinggi bagi makluk manusia yang telah berkembang secara fisik dan mental, yang bebas yang sadar kepada Tuhan seperti Terminfifestasi dalam sekitar intelektual, emosional dan manusia dari manusia. Pendidikan mengarahkan untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan dalam mengembangkan kemampuan yang di miliki siswa dalam membentuk pengetahuan pendidikan agama Kristen.
Towards Understanding the Geospatial Skills of ChatGPT: Taking a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Exam
Authors: Mooney Peter , Cui Wencong , Guan Boyuan , Juhász Levente
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the performance of ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM), in a geographic information systems (GIS) exam. As LLMs like ChatGPT become increasingly prevalent in various domains, including education, it is important to understand their capabilities and limitations in specialized subject areas such as GIS. Human learning of spatial concepts significantly differs from LLM training methodologies. Therefore, this study aims to assess ChatGPT's performance and spatial literacy by challenging it with a real GIS exam. By analyzing ChatGPT's responses and evaluating its understanding of GIS principles, we gain insights into the potential applications and challenges of LLMs in spatially-oriented fields. We conduct our evaluation with two models, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, to understand whether general improvements of an LLM translate to improvements in answering questions related to the spatial domain. We find that both GPT variants can pass a balanced, introductory GIS exam, scoring 63.3\% (GPT-3.5) and 88.3\% (GPT-4), which correspond to grades D and B+ respectively in standard US letter grading scale. In addition, we also identify specific questions and topics where the LLMs struggle to grasp spatial concepts, highlighting the challenges in teaching such topics to these models. Finally, we assess ChatGPT's performance in specific aspects of GIS, including spatial analysis, basic concepts of mapping, and data management. This granular analysis provides further insights into the strengths and weaknesses of ChatGPT's GIS literacy. This research contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the integration of AI models in education and can provide guidance for educators, researchers, and practitioners seeking to leverage LLMs in GIS. By focusing on specific questions or concepts that pose difficulties for the LLM, this study addresses the nuances of teaching spatial concepts to AI models and offers potential avenues for improvement in spatial literacy within future iterations of LLMs.
A reliable, accurate, and clinic-friendly objective test of speech sound detection and discrimination in sleeping infants
Authors: McKay Colette , Wunderlich Julia , Mao Darren , Balasubramanian Gautam , Lee Onn Wah , Gao Demi , McDonald Linty
Published: June 2023

One of the most basic measures of hearing device validation and outcome is the ability of the aided person to successfully use their device for verbal communication. For infants, an additional outcome measure is whether the device is facilitating spoken language development. Unfortunately, there is currently no clinically-adopted or reliable objective measure for speech understanding or for language development in individual infants, and we must rely upon behavioural observations or tasks that require the infant to first reach a sufficient developmental stage. This inability to verify whether an early-fitted hearing device will optimally facilitate language development is a potential cause of sub-optimal or delayed early intervention, which can result in permanent language disability, and reduced quality of life. This paper outlines the development of a new objective and reliable method to measure speech detection and speech discrimination in sleeping infants using a technology - functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) – that is not yet available in audiology clinics. The culmination of research efforts to optimise the test methods and to devise novel analysis algorithms to reliably and automatically detect brain responses in sleeping infants is a test and analysis method with clinically acceptable accuracy (95% specificity and greater than 78-100% sensitivity). We have shown that the methods described here are now mature enough to bring into clinics for the benefit of infants and their audiological managers.
Scientists’ identities shape engagement with environmental activism
Authors: Finnerty Samuel , Levine Mark , piazza jared
Published: June 2023

Scientists are increasingly joining environmental movements. As knowledge producers and influential figures in society, scientists are uniquely positioned to drive change. Here we explore how scientist identity shapes engagement in environmental activism using qualitative and quantitative data from a multinational survey of 329 scientists from 41 countries. Scientist identity content, specifically perception of the science-activism relationship, was a stronger explanatory variable than strength of identification as a scientist. Perceiving a harmonious relationship between science and activism, endorsing environmental stewardship as a scientist’s duty, and believing objectivity and impartiality remained uncompromised by activism, each had significant correlations with engagement. These components formed a composite variable, which remained a robust explanatory variable of engagement even when accounting for the influence of activist identity. Scientists embracing scientist-activist compatibilism were also less inclined to view new technologies as a panacea for the climate crisis. This research underscores the important role of scientist identity content in shaping climate actions and perspectives.
EVOLUTION AND PROSPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IMPROVEMENT IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А. С. Макаренка, IVANII I. , BASHAVETS N. ,   Державний заклад «Південноукраїнський національний педагогічний університет імені К. Д. Ушинського, MUSKHARINA Y. ,   Державний вищий навчальний заклад «Донбаський державний педагогічний університет», MELNIK A. ,   Центральноукраїнський державний університет імені Володимира Винниченка
Published: June 2023

In Ukraine, the process of integrating the achievements of other European countries in the field of physical culture and sports into the educational process of higher education institutions continues. Special attention is focused on the training of specialists for this field. The construction of a modern system of professional physical education is based not only on the leading achievements of other countries, but also on the best domestic achievements in the field of physical culture and sports. To ensure a high level of readiness of graduates of physical education institutions, it is important to take into account the current needs of the labor market. It is the needs of the market that dictate the list of competencies that a graduate must possess in order to be competitive. The fullness and variability of educational programs for professional training of future specialists in the field of physical culture and sports should take into account the relevant requirements of the modern labor market, as well as be consistent with the requirements of the national qualifications framework. To build an effective system of higher education in the field of physical culture and sports, it is important to know and understand the process of formation of the national system of professional education and to consider the miscalculations made in previous years. Such an analysis allows building a new powerful educational platform for the training of future specialists in the field of physical culture and sports and avoiding possible mistakes, preserving, and multiplying national traditions and values in this field. The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the formation of domestic professional education in the field of physical culture and sports, practical experience, and the authors' point of view regarding the ways of preserving professionalization in education. The basis of training is the chosen sport, the character of the students' educational activity is changing. Preservation of the unity of the educational environment of professional education in the field of physical culture and sports in Ukraine is possible based on the definition of a list of common general professional competencies at the bachelor's (readiness for practical-oriented activity) and master's (readiness for analytical activity based on the integration of physical fields of knowledge) education levels. Key words: training of specialists, competence-oriented approach, national traditions in professional education, profiling, specificity of training areas.
Plataformas de e-Science: necessidades e desafios para um programa científico para a Amazônia
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Ferreira da , Ferneda Edilson , Cruz Fernando William , Laurindo Campos dos Santos José , Bernardi da Silva Ana Paula , Nunes Alonso Luiza Beth
Published: June 2023

O avanço da tecnologia da informação possibilitou a otimização de processos e maximização de resultados em diversas áreas, possibilitando, sobretudo, a quarta revolução industrial que tem seus pilares nas inovações tecnológicas, surgindo o termo indústria 4.0. Neste contexto, outras áreas também cooptaram e cunharam o termo “4.0” em novas defini-ções onde as atividades finalísticas receberam em seu processo de concepção suportes importantes da tecnologia, dentre elas a produção científica, que faz cada vez mais de forma intensa o uso de tecnologia, sobretudo da computação de alto de desempenho (HPC - High-performance computing), fazendo, desta forma, surgir o termo Ciência 4.0 ou e-Science. O presente trabalho tem por finalidade analisar um conjunto de plataformas computacionais, selecionadas com base em critérios como disponibilidade para a comunidade científica brasileira e citações em estudos científicos, e apontar os componentes e carac-terísticas presentes nelas capazes de atender um agrupamento de dimensões conceituais para gestão de dados científicos e do conhecimento científico produzidos no contexto de um programa científico da Amazônia.
Implementation of the Learning Media "Arabic Fusha" to Improve the Results of the Durūsu al-Lughah al-Arabiyah Subject at UNIDA Gontor
Authors: Subakir Fairuz , Mabruroh Hani'atul , Amalia Rizki
Published: June 2023

Purpose - This research aims to find out whether the learning media "Arabic Fusha" can help to improve the result of Durūs al-Lughah al-‘arābiyah subjects for the preparatory class at University of Darussalam Gontor.

 Design/methodology/approach - The study used Class Action research with two cycles. Each cycle consists of several stages: planning, execution, disinfection, and evaluation. Data collection uses observation, interview, and test methods. while data analysis uses descriptive quantitative methods.

 Findings/result - The result in the criteria of the class in the first cycle is 53.63%, while the result in the criteria of the class in the second cycle is 78.94%. In this case, the difference in value between the two cycles of 28.03%. This shows that the use of the learning media "Arabic Fusha" can improve the result of students in Durūs al-Lughah al-‘arābiyah material.

 Originality/value - Learning media "Arabic Fusha" is a media that is specially arranged for matriculation classes in the Durūs al-Lughah al-‘arābiyah subject.

 Paper type - Research paper
KONSEP TARBIYATUL AULAD FI AL-ISLAM ABDULLAH NASHIH ‎ULWAN DAN ‎RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM ‎UNTUK “KIDS JAMAN NOW”‎
Authors: AMALIATI SITI
Published: June 2023

‎“Insan kamil” merupakan tujuan pendidikan Islam tertinggi, untuk menuju tujuan tersebut harusnya ‎dipersiapkan secara matang sedini mungkin. Mengingat perubahan kehidupan manusia yang sangat cepat ‎dan dinamis di era revolusi industri 4.0 saat ini. Salah satu realitas yang menjadi viral di dunia maya saat ‎ini munculnya istilah “kids jaman now” yang merujuk pada tingkahlaku dan perubahan kebutuhan anak-‎anak usia sekolah menjadikan gawai sebagai candu. Ironisnya, usia mereka yang belum dapat memfilter ‎baik dan buruk secara maksimal, mereka justru banyak mengimitasi apapun tersedia pada gawai mereka ‎sesuai dengan kehendaknya dan menjadikannya sebagai pola kesehariannya. Oleh sebab itu pendidikan ‎Islam dapat dijadikan acuan dalam memberikan tindakan preventif agar tidak terjadi prilaku-prilaku ‎menyimpang pada anak-anak. Abdullah Nashih Ulwan dalam kitab karangannya Tarbiyatul Aulad fi al-‎Islam menjelaskan ada tujuh pokok pendidikan yang harus di berikan pada anak-anak yaitu pendidikan ‎intelektual, pendidikan psikis, pendidikan moral, pendidikan iman, pendidikan fisik, pendidikan sosial, ‎dan pendidikan seksual. Ketujuh dasar tersebut harus diberikan pada anak-anak secara kontinyu dan ‎pembiasaan sedini mungkin. Konsep Tarbiyatul Aulad fi al-Islam memiliki relevansi dengan pendidikan ‎Islam itu sendiri. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari konsep pendidikan Islam yang menjelaskan tentang tiga dasar ‎pokok pendidikan yang harus diberikan pada anak-anak yaitu pendidikan Aqidah, pendidikan Akhlaq, ‎dan pendidikan Ibadah. Sehingga relevansi konsep Tarbiyatul Aulad fi al-Islam dengan pendidikan Islam ‎memiliki relevansi nilai-nilai yang dapat dijadikan pondasi dalam mendidik anak secara Islami. Penelitian ‎ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif noninteraktif yang menitik bertakan pada data kajian  secara  teoritis.  ‎Pengumpulan  data  dengan  cara kualitatif yang ada  hubungannya  dengan  konsepsi pendidikan anak ‎dalam Islam Abdullah Nashih Ulwan menggunakan teknik dokumen atau studi literatur/pustaka.‎
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN CTL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN ‎KEAKTIFAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR AQIDAH AKHLAK
Authors: HABIBURROHMAN HABIBURROHMAN , INDRI DWI BHAKTI
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pendekatan pembelajaran CTL pada mata pelajaran aqidah akhlak serta seberapa besar peningkatan keaktifan belajar dan hasil belajar siswa kelas V di MI Miftahul Ulum Cepokolimo Pacet tahun ajaran 2018/20192. Jumlah sampel terdiri dari 24 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan dua siklus, data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan wawancara, tes, observasi dan dokumentasi serta teknis analisi data yang digunakan adalah statistic deskripsi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan keaktifan belajar dan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus satu dan siklus dua, pada pra siklus persentase ketuntasan beajar mencapai 29% dengan kategori kurang dan pada siklus satu hasil belajar siswa mencapai ketuntasan belajar mencapai 58% dengan kategori “cukup” dan keaktifan belajar siswa dalam ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 46% dengan kategori “rendah”, sedangkan pada siklus dua hasil belajar siswa dalam ketuntasan belajar mencapai 88% termasuk dalam kategori “tinggi” dan keaktifan belajar siswa dalam  ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 83% sehingga mencapai kategori tinggi. Sehingga peneliti menyipulkan bahwa pendektan pembelajaran CTL dapat meningkatkan keaktifan belajar dan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran aqidah akhlak di MI Mitahul Ulum kelas V cempokolimo Pacet tahun ajaran 2018/2019.
PENGARUH WIYATA LIGKUNGAN DAN KECERDASAN EKOLOGIS TERHADAP SIKAP KEPEDULIAN LINGKUNGAN BAGI SISWA MI
Authors: JANNAH TSAMROTUL , PURWONO AGUNG
Published: June 2023

Peduli lingkungan sangat diperlukan karena melihat kondisi sekarang yang makin banyak kasus ‎kerusakan lingkungan dan bencana alam yang disebabkan oleh tangan manusia. Penanaman sikap peduli ‎lingkungan sejak dini sangat diperlukan. Tidak hanya kecerdasan ekologis yang dimiliki oleh siswa yang ‎membantu pembentukan sikap peduli lingkungan. Penerapan program di sekolah juga mendukung penanaman ‎sikap peduli lingkungan. Pemerintah juga sudah berkerja sama antara mentri lingkungan hidup dan mentri ‎pendidikan. Untuk penerapan sekolah berbasis adiwwiyata. Namun tidak semua sekolah mampu menerapkan ‎program tersebut. Lembaga sekolah MI Dwi Dasa Warsa juga berusaha menanamkan sikap tersebut kepada ‎siswanya meskipun lembaga tersebut tidak berbasis adiwiyata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh dari penerapan ‎program wiyata lingkungan dan kecerdasan ekologis terhadap sikap peduli lingkunag siswa MI Dwia Dasa ‎Warasa Trawas Mojokerto. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasi, yang bertujuan untuk ‎melihat seberapa besar pengaruh dari program yang sudah dibentuk oleh sekolah dan kecerdasan ekologis siswa ‎terhadap sikap peduli lingkungan yang di miliki siswa. Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan ‎skala likert, observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan korelasi dari penerapan ‎program wiyata lingkungan dengan sikap peduli lingkungan 0,831. Sedangkan korelasi antara kecerdasan ‎ekologis dengan sikap kepedulian lingkunga siswa 0,855. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang ‎positif dari penerapan program wiyata lingkungan dan kecerdasana ekologis dengan sikap peduli lingkungan. ‎
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SMART PATRICK BERBASIS ‎PERMAINAN PADA SUBTEMA PENGARUH KALOR TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN ‎DI KELAS V MI TAHFIDZ AN-NASHICHAH NONGSA BATAM KEPULAUAN ‎RIAU
Authors: JONI JONI , PERMADI BENNY ANGGA
Published: June 2023

Smart Patrick merupakan Media pembelajaran Papan Pintar yang dimodifikasi bahan ‎bakunya memakai plastik yang di desain untuk pemebelajaran berbasis permainan dengan ‎tujuan untuk kemudahan dalam pembelajaran subtema Pengaruh Kalor Terhadap Kehidupan. ‎Selain itu Media Smart Patrick di rancang untuk memberikan kemudahan untuk guru ‎menjelaskan materi dan membagi kelompok kerja siswa yang awalnya individu menjadi ‎kelompok. Yang  di dalam terdapat manual media pembelajaran Smart Patrick serta konsep ‎permainan kelompok yang bergerak. Media Pembelajaran alat pendukung dan merupakan ‎salah satu alternative yang digunakan oleh seorang pendidik atau guru dalam menyampaikan ‎sebuah materi di depan kelas. Dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran seorang guru ‎diharapkan bisa lebih mudah dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran dan siswa juga ‎dapat menerima pelajaran dengan baik, menyenangkan sehingga dapat memotivasi peserta ‎didik. Jenis Penelitian dan pengembangan yang digunakan adalah Research and Development ‎‎(R&D) atau sering disebut pengembangan adalah model sebuah konsep memodifikasi alat ‎bantu pendukung proses pembelajaran yang memiliki tahap-tahap atau suatu proses ‎pemvalidan produk, baik dapat di lakukan individu maupun kelompok.‎
Theoretical justification and praxeological significance of the stages of expert research of a living animal
Authors: Yatsenko Ivan
Published: June 2023

The relevance of this study is determined by the need to develop the theoretical foundations of forensic veterinary medicine as a science and educational discipline, namely, to justify, test and put into practice the methods, means, and methodology of expert research of specific objects. The purpose of this study was to argue the meaning and outline the functions of each of the stages of expert examination of live animals in forensic veterinary examination. The methodological framework of this study included a systematic approach determined by the specific features of the subject under study and associated with the use of general scientific and special scientific methods, including analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, formal-logical, comparative-legal, system-structural methods, modelling, observation, description, analysis of the practice of forensic veterinary examination, special methods, the functions of which are performed by methods of intravital clinical forensic veterinary diagnostics of animals. Based on the conducted research and generalization of the practice of forensic veterinary examination of live animals, it is argued in the work that this process consists of four stages: preparatory, analytical, comparative and synthesis stage. The separation of certain stages was substantiated, due to the diverse nature of the tasks that the forensic expert solves, the application of algorithms and methods of forensic examination of animals of different complexity, and the involvement of various technical techniques and equipment at each particular stage. The study proved that the sequence of applying the stages of the forensic veterinary examination of a live animal contributes to the correct assessment of the detected signs of injury or health disorder of the animal based on their comprehensive assessment, is designed to solve intermediate expert tasks, trace the process of conducting the examination and evaluate the obtained results for the justified establishment of a forensic veterinary diagnosis and formation of an expert’s opinion. It was proved that the rules (methodical recommendations) of the forensic veterinary determination of the degree of severity of damage caused to the animal’s health, the method of forensic veterinary examination of animals to establish their mutilation, and the method of forensic veterinary examination of animal corpses are the basis of the conducted research. The theoretical substantiation of the stages of the expert examination of a live animal and the coverage of their praxeological significance will be positively reflected in the conduct of a forensic veterinary examination and compilation of the results of forensic veterinary examinations.
Cursus honorum – selected aspects of Roman public law
Authors: Kosior Wojciech J.
Published: June 2023

The cursus honorum is a Latin phrase which translates to “course of honour”. It refers to the sequential order of public offices that were held by aspiring politicians in the Roman Republic and Empire. It was the Roman idea about the order of public offices which were held by citizens. One of the requirements for taking office was the age of the candidate to hold it. Over the centuries, Roman law changed the age limits required to take up a specific office. Starting from republican times, there were regulations in Rome that required candidates for office to reach a certain age. The aim of this paper is to present the importance of the age criterion for holding offices in ancient Rome. For this purpose, the available source texts were analysed and the existing literature on the subject was examined and presented. The research used the historical method, which includes the analysis of source texts, and the dogmatic and empirical research method, which includes the critical analysis of legal sources and literature on the subject. Thanks to the research conducted, the available sources and literature on the age limits used in the cursus honorum were discovered and unified. As a result of the conducted research, the results were presented, which made it possible to identify the age limits required for a civil servant career in ancient Rome. Research in this area is of theoretical importance. Secondly, such an analysis is important for further comparative legal research. In modern legal systems, each country sets certain age requirements for participation in public life in the broadest sense (e.g., the age at which one may vote or run for office). Thanks to the ongoing research on Roman law, it will be possible to make comparative analyses and thus search for the Roman sources of contemporary laws. In this part, the research has a practical (comparative law) meaning.
Infrared spectroscopy and biochemical parameters of rat tissues under heavy metal poisoning conditions
Authors: Popescu Iuliana , Kalinin Ihor
Published: June 2023

The increasing level of anthropogenic environmental pollution and effective means to reduce the negative impact of xenobiotics on animal and human health is an urgent problem today. Considering this, the purpose of the study is to examine the effect of heavy metals on accumulation processes under poisoning conditions, and biochemical parameters in the body of rats. Analogue groups were formed of rats of the same age, gender, and body weight to conduct the study. Rats were poisoned with solutions of copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, cadmium sulfate, and lead nitrate for 14 days. Using the method of infrared spectroscopy, substantial differences in the spatial structure of protein components in intact and poisoned animals were established. The difference between the spectral characteristics of the examined tissues is clearly demonstrated by the statistical indicators of skewness and kurtosis. It was determined that poisoning of rats with copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead ions affects the course of glycolysis reactions and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which leads to a likely increase in serum concentrations of lactate and pyruvate, oxaloacetate and α-ketoglutarate and a decrease in Malate content compared to intact rats. It was established that under the conditions of poisoning, there is also a substantial increase (P < 0.05) in the content of the examined heavy metals in the blood, liver, and kidneys. In animals poisoned with heavy metals, a decrease in the pool of free amino acids in the kidneys is observed. In particular, the content of aspartic acid, valine, glycine, tyrosine, and cystine (more than 1.5 times) in the kidneys of such rats decreases; alanine, leucine, serine, taurine, threonine, phenylalanine (more than 2.0 times), lysine – 3.4-4.9 times. Therewith, an increase in the level of isoleucine and methionine by 1.3-1.5 times, ornithine – by 1.8-2.1 times, and glutamic acid – by 4.4-5.3 times in rats of the experimental group compared to intact ones was identified. The results of the study can be helpful in the professional activities of doctors of veterinary medicine, toxicologists, biologists, and environmentalists and used to control the quality of livestock products, conduct toxicological studies, and analyse environmental objects
Biochemical parameters of blood in cats with cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism and acute heart failure
Authors: Zhak Yuriy , Petrushko Anastasiia , Sharandak Pavlo , Zemlianskyi Andrii , Grushanska Nataliia
Published: June 2023

Investigating the impact of vascular blockage on blood biochemical parameters, particularly in the context of acute heart failure, is crucial for understanding the underlying mechanisms of arterial thromboembolism in animals. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of vascular occlusion on the biochemical parameters of blood in cats with cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism. The study involved 12 cats and formed two groups: the first – animals with acute heart failure and the second – animals with arterial thromboembolism. Anamnesis data were collected for experimental animals, clinical examination, echocardiography, and biochemical examination of blood samples were performed. The activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, the concentration of glucose, creatinine, urea, potassium, calcium, total and inorganic phosphorus were determined spectrophotometrically in blood serum. It was found that in cats with acute heart failure, the average value of serum aspartate aminotransferase activity increased by 2.8 times, and the creatinine concentration by 1.9 times compared to the upper limit of reference values. This indicates functional changes in the myocardium and kidneys in this pathology. In cats affected by arterial thromboembolism, the blood serum shows a significant elevation in various biochemical parameters compared to the upper limit of the corresponding reference intervals. Specifically, there is a 4.4-fold increase in alanine aminotransferase activity, a 4.3-fold increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity, a 1.4- fold increase in glucose concentration, a 1.8-fold increase in creatinine levels, a 2.0-fold increase in urea levels, and a 1.3-fold increase in inorganic phosphorus levels. The changes in biochemical parameters for feline thromboembolism may be a consequence of functional renal failure, ischemia, and muscle necrosis. Moreover, it was established that in most cats with acute heart failure, the urinary system is primarily affected, and with arterial thromboembolism, changes in muscle tissue also occur. The results obtained are of practical value for veterinary doctors when choosing a therapeutic strategy and prescribing additional diagnostic examinations
Cancer Stigma in Non-patient Population Visiting B&B Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Roshani , Shrestha Gambhir , Paneru Pragya
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Research on various aspects of cancer, including stigma among cancer patients have received considerable interest in the recent years, but very few studies have studied cancer related stigma in healthy population. This study aimed to assess the situation of cancer stigma among the non-patient population.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 330 purposively selected non-patient population of age 18-45 years visiting B&B Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal from March 2019 to August 2019. The data was collected from self-administered questionnaires. Caner stigma was measured with the validated Cancer Stigma Scale, which assesses six sub domains viz. severity, personal responsibility, awkwardness, avoidance, policy opposition and financial discrimination. Results: The highest score in Cancer Stigma Scale was found in the “severity”, while the lowest in the “policy opposition”. The policy opposition statements “More government funding should be spent on care and treatment of those with cancer” and “cancer patients should be given top priority” attracted the highest level of agreement (75.4 - 81.6%) followed by the statement about their comfort with cancer patients (59.5%), the acceptability for insurance companies to reconsider a policy once diagnosed with cancer (54.5%). A similar proportion felt getting cancer is to be prepared for death (38.5%) and a cancer patient is to be blamed for its condition (33.7%). Conclusions: Cancer stigma persists in Nepal with varying level in different domains of stigma.
Differences in Vitamin D Levels at Diagnosis and after Induction Phase Chemotherapy in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Tertiary Hospital in West Java Indonesia
Authors: Mardhiya Wan Rita , Suryawan Nur , Setiabudiawan Budi
Published: June 2023

Objective: We examined differences of vitamin D levels at initial diagnosis and after induction phase chemotherapy in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on newly diagnosed children with ALL from October 2021 until October 2022 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital−Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Vitamin D levels were measured twice using blood samples: at initial diagnosis and after the remission induction phase of chemotherapy. A paired t-test was applied and the value of p<0.05 is considered as statistically significant. Result: There were 53 subjects that fulfilled research criteria. Thirty−six subjects met the inclusion criteria while 17 were excluded. Majority of ALL patients were male (52.8%) and aged 1−10 years (83.3%). Mean vitamin D level of ALL children at initial diagnosis was 16.68±9,56 ng/mL. After the induction phase of chemotherapy, mean vitamin D level was 11.84±7,8 ng/mL. Paired t-test was performed to obtain p value = 0.000. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in ALL children is 88.8%. Vitamin D levels after chemotherapy are lower than at initial diagnosis.
Blood Group Characteristics in Rectal Cancer. A study Conducted in a Tertiary Care Center, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
Authors: Abdul Waheed Dar , Wani Mansoora , Rasool Gadda Irfan , Arshad Mustafa Syed
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Rectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. Tumors are most commonly located in the rectosigmoid region. There are many actors in the etiology such as age, geographical features, family history, obesity, diet, and history of malignancy. Blood groups are one of the controversial etiologic factors in CRC. Blood group antigens, covered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901, have been the subject of numerous cancer studies since 1953, when Aird declared that blood group A was associated with stomach cancer. Aim: In the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of blood group characteristics, which play a role in the etiology of Rectal cancer. Method: We Prospectively reviewed the patients who were diagnosed with CRC and operated in our center or at other centers and were followed postoperatively at our centers. Age, gender, histologic TNM stage (tumor, lymph node involvement, and metastasis), tumor-bearing colonRectal segment, ABO blood group, and Rh antigen were examined from the patients’ records. Results: Total of 60 patients with histopathologically confirmed as rectal cancers formed the study population. The male to female ratio in rectal cancers was 1.7:1. The age group varied from 16 to 80 years with most common age group in rectum cancer were between age is 45-64 years constituted (29) 48%. However, we observed relationship in the present study between Rh antigen and lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, or TNM stage. O Blood group and rh positive was associated with lymph node involvement, higher TNM stage, and also found that risk of liver metastasis. Conclusion: As in Rectal cancer, our findings show that the O (+) blood group is a risk factor in rectal cancers, which have multifactorial etiology. Further genetic studies are needed.
A Comparison of the Subjective Responses to Two Hypofractionated Palliative Radiotherapy Regimens in Patients with Locally Advanced Inoperable Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Sonar Mongal , Bhattacharyya Mouchumee , Singh Moirangthem Nara , Yanthan Yanpothung , Neog Moniprom , Das Ankita , Das Abhinandan , Das Tapashi , Sharma Prashasti
Published: June 2023

Background: Patients with advanced head and neck cancers typically succumb to uncontrolled local disease. Even with aggressive therapy, median survival is about 12 months, and the five-year overall survival <20%. Radiation treatment used in palliative setting is an option for some patients who are not eligible for curative therapy. Palliative treatment aims to reduce cancer-related symptoms while causing the fewest side effects and toxicities as possible. Materials and Methods: After approval from the institutional ethical committee, a prospective randomised study was conducted on squamous cell carcinomas of locally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated with palliative radiotherapy. A total of 62 patients were chosen and randomly assigned (1:1) to one of two treatment groups. Patients in Arm-A received 40 Gy in 16 fractions of radiation therapy, while those in Arm-B received 30 Gy in 10 fractions. The primary goal was to evaluate the subjective responses in both arms, including pain, dysphagia, and bleeding. Results: Mean pain score after completion of radiotherapy was 4.69 and 3.65 in Arm-A and Arm-B respectively, with significant p-value of <0.001. The mean pain score 3 months after completion of treatment was 2.39 and 3.61 in Arm-A and Arm-B respectively, with significant p-value of <0.001. Comparing both the arms dysphagia relief at completion of treatment was higher in Arm-B compared to Arm- A with mean scores of 1.95 and 2.03 which was not significant. After 3 months, it was higher in Arm-A compared to Arm-B, which was also insignificant, while Arm A patients received significant relieve from dysphagia at completion of treatment and during follow-ups. Bleeding was not a significant factor in both the arms. Conclusion: Our study found for immediate pain relief, 30Gy/10 fractions was better, but for long-term relief, 40Gy/16 fractions was better. Alleviation of swallowing difficulties was seen in both regimens.
Peer Feedback Practices in Improving English Vocabulary Learning among ESL Learners
Authors: Jalalzai Nargis Noor , Kanwal Nagina , Ashraf Zahira
Published: June 2023

Improving one's command of vocabulary knowledge is essential for advancing English language skills. Hence this study was undertaken using a qualitative technique to investigate students' perceptions of the Peer feedback strategies their teachers employ to improve English vocabulary learning among them. The population of this study consisted of all the enrolled students in the high schools in the city of Multan. By using a convenient sampling technique, 22 students were recruited to collect the data from conducting interviews. The findings of the study indicate that ESL teachers incorporate various helpful peer feedback techniques in their teaching practices that enable students to reinforce their language knowledge and enhance their vocabulary knowledge. These approaches include vocabulary games and vocabulary quizzes. Along with ESL teachers, the management authorities must give support to the faculty members to ensure their success.
HISTORY OF TRANSLATION. THE WAY TO INTERDISCIPLINARY STRATEGIES
Authors:   Khmelnitskyі National University, KRAMAR V.
Published: June 2023

Development of different translation strategies in historical aspect is considered. In the beginning interpreters practiced two strategies – word for word translation and free translation. With the growth of culture and science, a new type of texts that contain connotative and extralinguistic information appear. So, yet the Renaissance translators are in favor of translation, which not only faithfully reproduces the content of the original, but does not violate the norms of the target language. The ancient Roman tradition of cultural adaptation is returning. The choice of translation model was made mainly in view of the genre of the source text. With the development of the humanities, a number of linguistic, psychological and social factors gain an additional influence on the choice of translation strategies. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature and intensity of such effects. The first half of the twentieth century presents the burst of linguistics, which, in turn, gives a new impetus to the development of translation studies. The scholars research not just the text, but the more complex concept of discourse. Accordingly, not just language, but communication in general became the object of translation studies and translation methods gradually shift towards domestication model. Pragmatic strategies are trying to look into the so-called “black box” of translation, that is, to analyze not only the result but also the process of translation itself. The dynamics of the translation process shows a certain departure from the traditional linguistic translation and the increasing involvement in the field of culturology and pragmatics. Thus, for modern communication theory, translation is an understanding of the phenomenon of who translates and for whom, so the focus transfers from the text to the addressee.
ECHO-REPETITION AS A METHOD OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, KUPCHYSHYNA Y.
Published: June 2023

The technique of echo-repetition, or shadowing, has gained popularity as a way of individual or independent copying of pronunciation of a foreign speaker. The article considers the potential and prospects of using such a technique during the practice of simultaneous translation. The brief analysis of native and foreign literature conveys the interest of both theorists and practitioners in the methodology of developing listening skills when learning a foreign language. The research consists in updating the most effective (from the author’s point of view) methods of working with audio material. Listening is considered to be one of the key elements in learning a foreign language along with writing, reading and speaking activities. Echo-repetition aims at a detailed study of the audio text with its further assimilation at all levels of the language. The author points out the material selection criteria and the algorithm for working on it. The article also analyses methods of working with audio text within the framework of using the echo-repetition technique. The purpose of the study is to define the most effective (from the author’s perspective) techniques for working with audio material at different stages of teaching any foreign language. In the practical part of the study, techniques for exceling and improving listening skills are described. The practical significance of the work lies in the actualization of various listening techniques. The described techniques can be used at any level of proficiency in a foreign language. The conclusions summarize the information given and trace the prospects for further research in that field.
LEXICAL AND STYLISTIC FEAUTURES OF ANTI-WAR PROSE BY E.M. REMARQUE AND ISSUES OF THEIR TRANSLATION
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, LEVYTSKA N.
Published: June 2023

The article deals with lexical and stylistic features of anti-war prose by a German-born novelist E.M. Remarque and analyzes issues of their translation. It has been revealed that anti-war prose by E.M. Remarque is characterized by the use of lexical and syntactic language means. Everyday vocabulary, phraseologisms, emotional and expressive language units, filler words play key role among the means of colloquial language implementation. Features of literary and colloquial syntax of novels by E.M. Remarque include extensive use of question and imperative sentences, simple sentences in dialogues, lexical repetitions, elliptical structures.
PUBLIC SPEAKING AND ITS VARIETIES IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (NORMATIVITY AND CORRECTNESS OF PROFESSIONAL SPEECH)
Authors:   State University of Infrastructure and Technologies, SPYS O.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to public speaking and its varieties in educational institutions. The author characterize public speaking as a genre of speech activity. In turn, the authors of the article understand academic public speaking, which is an integral part of pedagogical activity, as the oratory activity of a teacher who popularizes the achievements of science. The author of the article emphasize that the speech of teachers requires mastering the norms of the literary language, terminology, standard speech constructions in the field of education and the ability to use language means in accordance with the purpose and situation of communication. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to outline the normativity and correctness of pedagogical speech. It has been established that lectures and reports are the types of academic speech in educational institutions. The purpose of the article is to identify the mistakes made by educators in the preparation and delivery of lectures and to suggest ways to overcome them. The object of the study is academic public speaking, and the subject is its normativity and correctness of professional speech. The following components are distinguished in the structure of teachers’ public speech: cognitive, communicative and operational, expressive. The cognitive component is related to the knowledge of the norms of the modern Ukrainian literary language, including accent, vocabulary, syntax, stylistics, and professional terminology. The communicative-operational component ensures the use of language means in accordance with the purpose, conditions and situation of communication; as well as the possession of basic professional speech skills necessary for work in teaching positions. In turn, the expressive component is responsible for mastery of extralinguistic means of communication, i.e. melody, phrasal emphasis, pauses, rhythm, tempo, and voice power. Particular attention is paid to the effective presentation of presentations, which have become an integral part of the modern educational process.
PROBLEMS OF THE FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN-SPEAKING PERSONALITY OF MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors:   Communal institution «Kryvyi Rih Professional Medical College» of the Dnipro Regional Council, BABENKO T.
Published: June 2023

The article deals with the theoretical definition of the concept of “Ukrainian-speaking personality” in the modern educational space in general, medicine in particular. We carried out the analysis of scientific views on the interpretation of the concept of “linguistic personality” in the works of researchers: Z. Bakum, F. Bacevich, D. Ganych, N. Duda, N. Kalyuzhna, Yu. Kosenko, O. Mamchich, I. Oliynyk, N. Otreshko, O Selivanova. Also, we analyzed the structural components in their logical combination: personality, language, speech, language personality, communication. We determined the relevance of the specified problem within the specifics of the medical field, taking into account the requirements and needs of the leadership. In this perspective, we analyzed the works of I. Gumennaya, V. Kulchytskyi, I. Lisovoy, V. Mikayelyan. Basing on the realized theoretical analysis, the sought-after concept is interpreted as an individual ability to verbal use, fluency in language constructions, appropriate use of synonymous means, correct interaction of sound signals and graphic symbols in various situations during communication or assimilation of certain information, exchange opinions, positions, experiences, feelings. We demonstrated the ways to solve a specific problem through the prism of the competence paradigm of education, where communication becomes the leading condition for quality information, interaction and perception. Based on the scientific-theoretical analysis carried out during the research, we identified the specific features of nursing communication. We revealed and specified the nature of the leading didactic factors that ensure the formation of linguistic personality in accordance with the educational goal at each educational stage. We proposeda system of exercises and tasks, which ensure a high-quality through-and-through formation of the Ukrainian-speaking personality during the teaching of non-philological disciplines in a medical college.