bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of Integrated Thematic Learning Devices Based on Interactive Compensatory Model to Improve Studentsâ€™ Reading Comprehension in Islamic Elementary School
Authors: Puspita Ryan Dwi , Agustina Susanti , Gustiana Asep Deni , Wardani Duhita Savira
Published: December 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of using interactive compensatory model (ICM)-based integrated thematic learning tools to improve studentsâ€™ reading comprehension of information text comprehension for fifth grade elementary school. This research was conducted in three stages. The first phase of the preliminary study included a literature study, field surveys and expert-validated initial product preparation. The second stage of development included limited trials and extensive trials through experimental methods. The third stage was product testing and socialization of the results to try out its efficacy. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, questionnaires and test (pre-test and post-test). This study used a sample of 504 grade fifth students in 12 elementary schools in Bandung Regency. The results of this study indicate that the use of ICM-based integrated thematic learning tools has a significant effect on studentsâ€™ improvement for reading comprehension on information text for fifth grade elementary school. This is evidenced by the difference in studentsâ€™ reading comprehension ability before and after learning using ICM-based integrated thematic learning tools. This research has implications for the ease with which teachers can achieve learning objectives with the support of teaching materials, media, worksheets and interesting and practical activities that can stimulate students to improve their reading comprehension skills.
Islamic Religious Learning for Muallaf at Pesantren
Authors: Siregar Hariman Surya , Mohd Nor Mohd Roslan , Hajrullah Hajrullah
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe the learning activities of Islamic Religious Education at the An-Naba Islamic Boarding School for muallaf. This research used a qualitative approach with a descriptive analytic method. Interviews, observation and documentation were applied to collect the data. Data were analyzed using the Milles and Huberman model analysis. The results showed that learning Islam for muallaf has the objectives to improve the quality of learning, create an ideal Muslim personality, foster Muslim morals, Muslim salimah personalities, and Muslims as caliphs. The optimization program for Islamic religious learning consists of a coaching program, an educational program, a development program, and a vocational education development program. The process of organizing Islamic religious learning for muallaf consists of four stages: shahÃ¢dah (the process of Islamization); ta'Ã¢ruf (introduction) and tafÃ¢hum (understanding); ibthan (internalization); and muwÃ¢faqah (acceptance).Â
Applying Participatory Observation in Islamic Education to Improve Studentsâ€™ Character
Authors: Nasih Ahmad Munjin , Sultoni Achmad , Thoriquttyas Titis , Yani Achmad , Ramli Supian , Umar Mardan
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the Participatory Observation learning model and studentsâ€™ responses to the learning model used in PAI (Pendidikan Agama Islam/Islamic Education). It used qualitative and quantitative methods with a pre-test and post-test nonrandomized group pre-experiment design. The 125 participants who were taken from three public universities, were asked to fill out questionnaires and written interviews. The data were analysed using paired t-test and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that first experiment got a t-score of 6,798 with a significance of 0,000; t-table score at 51 degrees of freedom and a significant degree of 0.05 in the form of 2.032. Second experiment obtained a t-score of 5.991 with a significance of 0.000; the t-table score at 54 degrees of freedom and 0.05 degrees of significance was 2.046. Third experiment achieved a t-score of 6.424 with a significance of 0.000; the t-table score at 20 degrees of freedom and 0.05 degrees of significance was 2.054. When compared, t-score> t-table or significance score <0.05, which means that the mean score between pre-test and post-test is significantly different. This means that the Participatory Observation learning model can improve students' religious and social character in learning PAI. This result is in line with the respondents' recognition that they have experienced changes in their character in a positive direction. Students stated that the Participatory Observation learning model was fun and very useful, so that it could be used in PAI learning to improve studentsâ€™ character.
Late Byzantium in the Works of Margarita A. Poljakovskaja
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Kushch Tatiana V.
Published: December 2020

This paper commemorates Margarita Adol’fovna Poljakovskaja (1933–2020), the head of the Ural school of Byzantine studies and the respected authority in the history and culture of late Byzantium. The author makes the reader acquainted with Professor Poljakovskaja’s academic biography, the topics of her researches, and the results of her studies in various aspects of the Byzantine history from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. The paper has revealed a few key topics studied by Professor Poljakovskaja: monastic properties in late Byzantine cities; Byzantine rhetoric and epistolography; social and political thought; intellectual life; social structures in the Byzantine society; palace ceremonies and court culture; and the Byzantines’ emotional world and daily life. It has been stated that although Professor Poljakovskaja used abundant and varied methodology produced by historical and philological researches, she preferred the anthropological approach. Her attention concentrated on a person and the person’s notion of the time and self. Reconstructions of intellectual and social life in the period of decline of the Byzantine empire loomed large in the historian’s studies, and the key topic of her researches was the problem of the “person, society, and power”.
Secular Official as a Hagiographer: Niketas Magistros and the Life of Theoktiste of Lesbos
Authors:   M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mantova Yulia B.
Published: December 2020

Middle Byzantine hagiography abounds with the episodes representing the interaction of saint protagonists with the authorities. Apart of communicating to emperors and empresses, they also deal with the wide range of military and civil bureaucracy representatives in various circumstances. In contrast, it is quite a rare instance when a state official created a hagiographical narrative. The tenth-century Life of St. Theoktiste of Lesbos written by Niketas Magistros provides a unique opportunity to explore the relationship between saints and power not through the inner text space only, but through the outer juxtaposition as well: the text vs the author. The paper focuses on how the author describes his holy heroes and what made Niketas turn to hagiography. Presumably, the text was created to demonstrate to Constantine VII the outstanding abilities of the author who wished to convey to the emperor the idea on his repentance regarding his former mistakes and to plea the emperor to get the permission to return to Constantinople. In order to achieve this aim, Niketas Magistros builds up the images of his characters in a special way. Monk Symeon’s humbleness is represented as the highest human virtue, though the unnamed hunter’s misconduct who tried to steal the deceased Theoktiste’s relics deserves understanding and forgiveness for it is human not to comply with the prudence and piousness.
“Today, when the Times Are too Late…”: Theodore Metochites on the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Speech Communication Process
Authors:   M. P. Mussorgsky Ural State Conservatoire, Makarov Dmitrii I.
Published: December 2020

This paper suggests a translation from the Byzantine Greek and an interpretation of two passages from Theodore Metochites’ (ca. 1270–1332) works addressing the strength and weakness of our word and the communication based on it. The third translated passage is taken from Ps.-Lucian’s Encomium to Demosthenes, which interprets one of Metochites’ texts. Using examples and reasoning, the megas logothete demonstrated the highs and lows, the strength and weakness of our speech acts (in the meaning of John Searle’s and other modern theories). If Demosthenes’ word was like “hammered” and in this form formed a formidable threat to Philip of Macedonia, despite he defeated the Hellenes at Cheronea, the first third of the fourteenth century Byzantines, intellectuals in particular, were totally unable to make themselves understand each other. To put it another way, there were great difficulties with bringing specific information, feelings or emotions to another person, or, in short, with making clear to someone else all the propositions of the one’s discursive intellect, notwithstanding the fact that one can both explain and mentally represent to him-/herself the matter of reflection. However, one is forceless to turn the above-said into clear-cut utterances. Such a communication crisis within the Byzantine society on the eve of the Hesychasm controversy evidently turned out to be a verge of the general civilization crisis. In this regard, Metochites’ works made a contribution into the overcoming of the crisis, as he constantly summoned to a dialogue between generations of not only his contemporaries, but also of their predecessors and descendants. Discussing the reciprocal unity of word and image/icon, Metochites expressed the Byzantine culture’s in-depth archetypes, particularly its centuries-long creative principle of iconicity in its approach to the Umwelt. This paper suggests parallels to Metochites’ ideas in the Byzantine hagiography of the eighth and fourteenth century (Stephen the Deacon, Theoktistos the Stoudite) and some pieces of reflection to sound in tune with Metochites, which originate from the works of great twentieth-century philosophers Friar Florenskii and Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Tombstones of the Cemetery at the Basilica of Mangup
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Barmina Nadezhda I.
Published: December 2020

The basilica located atop Mangup plateau in the south-western highland is one of the Christian monuments of the Crimea which research provided abundant archaeological materials. Especially interesting to historians are the data related to the investigations at the Christian cemetery which developed in different chronological periods within the basilica and around it. Supplementary excavations of the basilica (1967–2005) uncovered a series of carved tombstones, which featured the architectural properties different from early slab covering of the graves. The tombstones in question testify to the flourishing of the art of stone carving in Taurica in the fourteenth and fifteenth century. From their description and analysis, it is possible to draw the conclusions concerning the stone-carving art forms development in the mediaeval Crimea. It has been remarked that the Mangup stone-carvers considered the religion of the persons who lived there and paid especial attention to the decorative design of the monuments. In the making of the tombstones for the Christian cemetery at the basilica, the local stone-carvers applied artistic techniques taken from various styles (Byzantine, Seljuk, North Caucasus), which resulted in the appearance of specific “Mangup” style of architectural ornamentation. The local craftsmen re-worked decorative and carving techniques borrowed from foreign stone-carvers. The local products featured brevity and restrained manner.
Architectonic Members from Indzhi-Bay Hatun Medrese in the Crimea
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kirilko Vladimir P.
Published: December 2020

This article uses the materials of archaeological researches of the monuments and iconographic sources to make a detailed analysis of some architectonic members the medrese in the town of Krym (Solkhat; now Staryi Krym, formerly Eski-Kyrym), which was built in 733 AH (=1332/33 AD) by the order from Indzhi-Bay Hatun, a daughter of Kyl-Burun Bay. The results of the research allow a reliable restoration of the original appearance of the entrances to the living rooms of the building. The doorways of the hujras belonged to the same type, with inconsiderable difference of dimensions at some places. Despite the clearly distinguished centre with the dominant monumental portal designating the longitudinal axis of the structure, the medrese’s main facade had an asymmetric composition. Its sides had different numbers and arrangement of windows and stone gutters. The design and shape of the openings which illuminated eastern hujras are reconstructed with reliability. The basic planes of the main facade were decorated with profiled protrusions that completely framed the wall around the perimeter, simultaneously highlighted the basement and contoured the window frames. The most problematic is a detailed reconstruction of the lost forms of the portal which general outline appears on M. M. Ivanov’s watercolours. So far there is no doubt concerning the solid profiled reglet which framed the portal on the outer side: it outlined the portal’s main surfaces by limiting them above and on the back side. The graphic reconstruction of the whole structure with its minor details depends, to a great extent, on the introduction into the scholarship of absolutely all architectural, structural and decorative members discovered in Staryi Krym and especially those excavated from the building in question.
Comparative analysis of cardioprotective effects of two renal denervation techniques
Authors: Ripp T. M. , Pekarskiy S. E. , Baev A. E. , Ryabova T. R. , Yaroslavskay E. I. , Falkovskaya A. Yu. , Sitkova E. S. , Lichikaki V. A. , Zubanova I. V. , Manukian M. A. , Gapon L. I. , Mordovin V. F.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To compare cardioprotective effects of two renal denervation (RD) techniques: main renal artery or its branches after bifurcation in patients with resistant hypertension (RH).

Materials and methods. This randomized double-blind clinical (ClinicalTrials. gov. identifier: NCT02667912) study with a follow-up of 12,3±1,6 months included 55 patients with RH, which was divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=27) — main renal artery denervation; group 2 — RD of branches. Mean age of patients was 57,3±9,5 and 56,4±9,3 years, respectively. We assessed structural and functional cardiac characteristics using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE).

Results. Initially, the patients in the groups did not differ in terms of studied parameters and therapy. After RD in both groups, the levels of myocardial stress significantly decreased; 95% confidence interval: after main renal artery denervation — systolic [-4802; -2896], diastolic [-3264; -2032] dyne/cm2; after RD of branches — [-6324; -5328] and [-4021; -2521] dyne/cm2, respectively (p=0,001 and 0,024, respectively). After main renal artery denervation, there was a decrease in the left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (interventricular septum [1,06; -0,62] and posterior wall [0,12; -0,62]) in comparison with RD of branches ([-0,68; -1,28] and [-0,68; -1,06], respectively). These differences were significant: p=0,023 and 0,021, respectively. After distal RD, decrease in the LV mass was observed more often by 21,2%, an increase in the LV mass was 2 times less frequent. Restoration of diastolic function was more common in patients after distal RD than main renal artery denervation (26% vs 13%, respectively). According to pilot analysis, STE parameters was also improved.

Conclusion. Twelve months after distal RD, compared with the main renal artery denervation, the LV wall thickness, number of patients with LV hypertro -phy, and diastolic dysfunction decreased significantly greater. Two-dimensional STE revealed improvement of cardiac parameters. The results require further research.
Effect of intramyocardial haemorrhage on structural and functional echocardiographic parameters of myocardium after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with
Authors: Alekseeva Ya. V. , Vyshlov E. V. , Mochula O. V. , Ussov V. Yu. , Ryabov V. V.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To analyze the effect of intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH) on the structural and functional echocardiographic parameters of myocardium in patients with primary ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Material and methods. The study included 60 patients with primary STEMI reperfused within 12 hours after symptom onset. On the second day after the event, all subjects underwent gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). IMH was visualized as T2-weighted hypointense areas. Subsequently, all patients underwent the standard echocardiography on the 7th day after MI.

Results. IMH was revealed in 31 patients (51,6%). In 22 patients (70,9%), IMH was accompanied by microvascular obstruction (MVO). In the remaining 9 patients (29%), an isolated IMH phenomenon was visualized. Lower values of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV volume parameters were associated with a combination of MVO and IMH. At the same time, the indices of volumetric characteristics and LVEF in isolated IMH were the same as in the group without IMH and MVO. It was demonstrated that the IMH occupies 1% (1-3%) of the LV myocardium. Correlation analysis showed a moderate inverse correlation between the IMH area and LV contractile function: the larger the area, the lower the LVEF (R=-0,35; p=0,007).

Conclusions. The analysis of the influence of different IMH phenotypes on the structural and functional echocardiographic parameters of myocardium in the short-term period after STEMI has shown that the combination of IMH with MVO and isolated IMH have different effects on LV contractile function. The combination of IMH with MVO is a predictor of a decrease in LVEF and increase of end-systolic volume (ESV), while an isolated IMH does not affect these parameters. Correlations between the IMH area and a decrease in LVEF, as well as an increase in ESV, have been demonstrated.
Decreased arterial compliance assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity is an important parameter for monitoring of blood pressure in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Yilmaz Ak H. , Ozsahin Y. , Baskurt Aladag N. , Gencoglu F. , Sahin Yildiz B. , Haberal I. , Koyuncu A. Ozan , Yildiz M.
Published: December 2020

Aim. Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CID), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) are more likely to have higher risk of cardiac events. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) can be used to measure the aortic dis-tensibility and it is known as inversely related to the arterial compliance. Increased aortic stiffness which is assessed by PWV, is seem to be associated with arterial blood pressure. In this study, we investigated the arterial compliance by PWV in patients with CID including RA and FMF.

Material and methods. We studied 25 patients with RA, 33 patients with FMF and 31 healthy subjects without a history of any cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia (89 subjects in total). We measured the arterial compliance by automatic carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV using Complior Colson (France) device. PWV (m/s) = distance (m)/transit time(s).

Results. It is seen that, patients with CID have higher carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV (8,76±2,09 vs 8,07±0,94 m/s) compared to control groups (p=0,03). There were significant correlations between PWV and age, body-mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure. (p<0,001, r=0,65; p<0,001, r=0,36; p<0,001, r=0,42; p<0,001, r=0,46; p<0,001, r=0,48, respectively).

Conclusion. Arterial compliance, which is assessed by carotid-femoral (aortic) PWV, is decreased in patients with CID such as RA and FMF when it is compared to healthy control group.
Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 levels with ultrasound characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Polupanov A. G. , Zalova T. B. , Geleskhanova Yu. N. , Sarybaev A. Sh. , Romanova T. A. , Dzhumagulova A. S.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To study the association  of ultrasound characteristics of carotid atherosclerotic  plaques  (ASPs) with the concentration  of tumor necrosis factor-alpha  (TNFα) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients  with essential hypertension.

Material and methods. The study included 117 patients  (men, 75; women, 42) with essential hypertension aged 40 to 75 years (mean age, 55,8±7,5 years). All patients  underwent anthropometric  measurements (height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference),  assessment of blood pressure  and heart rate, blood tests (levels of glucose, creatinine with the calculation of glomerular filtration rate using CKD-EPI equation, lipid profile), duplex ultrasound of the carotid arteries.  Also, the blood concentration  of TNFα and IL-10 by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using CYTOKIN-STIMUL-BEST (Novosibirsk,Russia) kit was determined.

Results.  According to the  results  of carotid  duplex ultrasound,  3 groups of patients  were identified. Group 1 included 48 patients  with homogeneous hyperechoic ASPs; group 2 — 56 patients with dominant hyperechoic  ASPs (>50% of areas);  group 3 — 13 patients  with anechoic, unstable,  low-density ASPs. TNFα concentration  in group 3 patients, amounting to 10,51±2.23 pg/ml, was significantly higher than in patients of group 1 (7,26±0,64 pg/ml (p<0,001)) and group 2 (8,93±0,98 pg/ml (p<0,001)).  Similar results were obtained for IL-10. The logistic regression  showed that the TNFα concentration  is an independent  factor associated with unstable  ASsP (relative risk, 2,72; 95% confidence interval 1,44-5,15  (p<0,02)). It was also revealed that TNFα >10 pg/ml increased the risk of ASP instability by ~8 times.

Conclusion.  An increase  in TNFα >10 pg/ml with a high specificity (95%) was associated with vulnerable unstable carotid ASPs.
Atherosclerotic gangrene of the intestine: a case report
Authors: Vorobieva O. V. , Gimaldinova N. E. , Lastochkin A. V.
Published: December 2020

.
Myocardial bridging: non-invasive diagnostics and management
Authors: Chepurnenko S. A. , Shavkuta G. V. , Nasytko A. D.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses a case of episodes of asymptomatic ST-T depression during exercise in a 37-year-old patient with complaints of irregular heartbeat, tachycardia up to 100 bpm, not related to exercise. According to contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomography, in the middle third, a muscle bridge with stenosis of up to 30% was found. The diagnosis was made: Congenital coronary artery anomaly: transmyocardial muscular bridge of the middle third of left anterior descending artery with stenosis up to 30%. Class 1 silent myocardial ischemia. Stage 0, class 0 chronic heart failure. Using non-invasive coronary imaging, it was possible to identify the cause of transient ST-T depression and to choose the appropriate therapy.
Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential of 6-minute walk test in patients with heart failure
Authors: Budnevsky A. V. , Kravchenko A. Ya. , Tokmachev R. E. , Chernik T. A. , Tokmachev E. V. , Letnikova Yu. B.
Published: December 2020

The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a well-known exercise test used in medical practice to assess the functional status of patients with various chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The results of modern research describe new potential of 6MWT, which allow a more accurate interpretation and predict the course of diseases. Heart failure (HF) is the outcome of many structural and functional heart disorders. To improve the prognosis of patients with HF, early diagnosis, appropriate therapy and effective control of the disease course are important components. This review describes the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential of 6MWT in patients with HF.
Effects of spironolactone and eplerenone on left ventricular diastolic function and neurohumoral factors in patients with heart failure
Authors: Nuritdinov N. A. , Kamilova U. K.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To study the effects  of spironolactone  and eplerenone on left ventricular diastolic function and neurohumoral factors in patients with heart failure (HF).

Material and methods. We examined 131 patients  with coronary artery disease  and NYHA class  I-III HF. Patients  were randomized  into groups depending  on HF class: class I (n=31), class II (n=51) and class III (n=49).

Results. The study revealed that the clinical course  of HF and LV diastolic dysfunction are associated with an increased  level of neurohormones  and are characterized by significantly high levels of aldosterone  and norepinephrine  in patients  with a restrictiveLV diastolic dysfunction. A correlation was found between  the level of neurohormones  (aldosterone  and norepinephrine)  and heart  remodeling parameters:  an inverse correlation with an ejection fraction (r=-0,68, r=-0,61,  respectively) and a direct correlation with LV  end-diastolic volume (r=0,58, r=0,66, respectively). Long-term treatment  with spironolactone  and eplerenone had a positive effect, reducing the level of mentioned neurohormones. In patients with class II HF, both drugs had a positive effect on the level of aldosterone  and norepinephrine, reducing them by 26,6% and 20,2% in the spironolactone  group and by 28,4% and  24,6% in the eplerenone group,  respectively.  In patients with class  III  HF, the decrease in aldosterone  level was more pronounced  in those taking eplerenone than spironolactone:  32,1% vs 20,2%, respectively.

Conclusion. In patients  with HF, combination therapy with the inclusion of spironolactone  significantly reduced  the level of neurohormones mainly in patients with class II HF and, to a lesser extent, in those with class III HF. This suggests that combination therapy with spironolactone is less effective than with eplerenone in relation to neurohormones’  levels.
Phenotypes of early and favorable vascular aging in young people depending on the risk factors and presence of connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Evseveva M. E. , Eremin M. V. , Rostovtseva M. V. , Sergeeva O. V. , Fursova E. N. , Rusidi V. A. , Galkova I. Yu. , Kudryavtseva V. D.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To study the main risk factors and signs of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) in young people according  to quartile analysis of cardioankle vascular index (CAVI).

Material and methods. The study involved 243 young people (men, 81; women, 162) aged 18-25 years. All subjects were divided into quartile groups  depending  on CAVI on both sides,  or CAVI-R and CAVI-L, determined  using the VaSera-1500 system (Fucuda Denshia,Japan). According to the latest guidelines, the 4th  quartile of this distribution among persons  of the same sex and age corresponds to early vascular aging (EVA) syndrome.  The 1st  quartile corresponds to favorable vascular aging. We analyzed the main RFs and CTD signs in each  of the 4 CAVI quartiles. Data processing  was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software package (StatSoft Inc,USA).

Results. The minimum and maximum CAVI in the sample were 3,2 and 7,9. The overwhelming majority of studied risk factors in both sexes were not associated with the stiffness. Only body mass and body mass index increasedwith a decrease in vascular stiffness and vice versa. The average number of external stigmas of dysembryogenesis in young people increased from the 1st  to the 4th  CAVI quartile, with significant differences in the extreme groups. Such CTD signs as a carpal tunnel syndrome and thumb sign also significantly differed between the 1st  and 4th quartiles.

Conclusion. The presented results can be used for prevention among young people to form more individualized programs taking into account a comprehensive assessment of vascular aging phenotype and the level of external stigmatization of each young person.
Adherence to therapy, lifestyle modification and medical support of cardiovascular patients
Authors: Bunova S. S. , Zhernakova N. I. , Skirdenko Yu. P. , Nikolaev N. A.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To study the quantitative parameters of adherence to lifestyle modification, medical support,  and therapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Material and methods. This cross-sectional study included 683 respondents: 168 patients  with hypertension  (HTN); 196 patients  with stable angina; 141 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF); 178 patients with heart failure (HF). We used N. A. Nikolaev  questionnaire  for adherence assessment. For all adherence parameters, the level ≤75% was regarded as insufficient. The study was carried out in accordance with Good Clinical Practice and Declaration ofHelsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of all participating clinical centers. All patients signed written informed consent.

Results. Approximately 1/3 of respondents agreed  to receive therapy. The adherence level was >75%. Patients with angina and AF were more likely to receive therapy. It turned out that that approximately 2/3 of patients  were not ready for medical support.  Patients  with angina were less ready for medical support, while those with HTN and HF hadhigher values of adherence. Adherence to lifestyle modification was owest among analyzed parameters. Only 18,5% of hypertensive patients, 25,5% of patients with angina, 26,2% of AF patients and 23,1% of patients with HF were ready to change the lifestyle.

Conclusion. The study revealed a significant number (~2/3) of CVD patients with insufficient adherence, which specifies the need  to assess the effectiveness  of therapy and course of the disease  in conditions of low adherence and to develop individualized therapeutic strategies.
Sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with hypertension: pathogenesis and treatment. Part I
Authors: Safaryan A. S. , Sargsyan V. D.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the influence of sympathetic  nervous system (SNS) on the cardiovascular  system.  Influence of SNS activity on the blood pressure  level and the pathogenesis of hypertension  development, as well as the effect of SNS on many biochemical and metabolic parameters playing a key role in the development  of metabolic syndrome and hypertension  are considered. Possible mechanisms  of action of various methods that reduce  the SNS activity, restore  the function of autonomic nervous system  and normalize the cardiovascular system and blood pressure  are considered.
Endovascular myocardial revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease with chronic total occlusion and high surgical risk
Authors: Vasiliev D. K. , Rudenko B. A. , Shanoyan A. S. , Shukurov F. B. , Feshchenko D. A.
Published: December 2020

The main reason  for incomplete myocardial revascularization is the presence of chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO), which is detected in every fourth patient during coronary angiography. At the same time, a generally accepted approach  to the treatment of CTO has not yet been developed.

Aim. To assess the rationale of complete myocardial revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease  (CAD) with chronic total occlusion and high surgical risk.

Material and methods. This retrospective,  open-label,  non-randomized clinical trial was carried out included 180 patients multivessel CAD and CTO. The patients  underwent endovascular  surgery for complete myocardial revascularization. Depending on the success of surgery, the patients were divided into groups of complete and incomplete myocardial revascularization. Endpoints were death, acute coronary syndrome, re-revascularization after 1-year follow-up. Left ventricular (LV) contractility and clinical status  of patients  in the study groups after 1 year of observation was assessed.

Results. The median follow-up was 12,1 months. The successful  rate of revascularization was 79,4%. The incidence of main composite endpoint in the group of complete myocardial revascularization was 5,59%, while in the group of incomplete revascularizations — 21,6% (p=0,005).

Conclusion. The study showed  that low incidence  of intraoperative complications and a high successful  rate of revascularization are characteristic of complete myocardial revascularization in patients at high surgical risk with multivessel CAD and CTO. Complete myocardial revascularization leads to a significant decrease in the incidence of major coronary events.
Towards the creation of a unified glossary of Russian biobanks
Authors: Mikhailova A. A. , Nasykhova Yu. A. , Muravyov A. I. , Efimenko A. Yu. , Glotov A. S.
Published: December 2020

To carry out research projects, clinical trials and other studies in the field of personalized medicine, it is necessary to have collections of high-quality biological samples of various types. With the development of biomedical technologies, the need for large collections of biological samples will grow every year, which necessitates the creation of various biobanks for standardized collection, storage and distribution of such samples. One of the goals of the National Association of Biobanks and Biobanking Specialists is the development of a network of Russian biobanks interacting with each other at various levels, as well as the development and implementation of organizational and legal tools for its regulation. It is required not only to standardize the access and exchange of biological samples and data, but also to create a unified terminology that will be used by biobanks throughout Russia. The main aim is to create an accurate, professional and legally correct tool containing information accessible and understandable to a wide range of researchers.
COVID-19 biobank: features of the cytokine profile
Authors: Sushentseva N. N. , Popov O. S. , Apalko S. V. , Anisenkova A. Yu. , Azarenko S. V. , Smantserev K. V. , Khobotnikov D. N. , Gladysheva T. V. , Minina E. V. , Strelyukhina S. V. , Urazov S. P. , Pavlovich D. , Fridman S. R. , Shcherbak S. G.
Published: December 2020

Aim. Using a collection of samples from the biobank ofCityHospital № 40 ofSt. Petersburg, to study the cytokine profile in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and sepsis, in comparison with patients with abdominal inflammation and septicemia.

Material and methods. The study included serum samples from 181 patients with sepsis and COVID-19 (127 patients with a diagnosis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); 54 patients with a negative PCR test, but with a characteristic computed tomographic lung performance) and 47 patients with abdominal sepsis. The content of cytokines was determined using a multiplex immunofluorescence analysis based on the Luminex xMAP technology using the HCYTOMAG60K panel — a soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Other laboratory parameters (C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, procalcitonin) were taken from patient records. Normality of distribution was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. To compare groups, the Mann-Whitney test for independent samples, Wilcoxon test for dependent samples, and the Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were used.

Results. In patients with sepsis and COVID-19 infection, no differences in the concentrations of cytokines, ferritin and CRP were found between the groups with detected and not detected virus by PCR test. Based on this, this group was considered homogeneous when studying the cytokine profile. It was shown that in patients with sepsis and COVID-19, significantly higher levels of sCD40L (p<0,0001) and VEGF (p=0,037) and relatively low levels of CRP (p<0,0001), IL-6 (p<0,0001), IL-8 (p<0,0001), TNFα (p<0,00058).

Conclusion. These results indicate that sepsis in patients with COVID-19 courses with less elevation in inflammatory cytokine than in abdominal sepsis. At the same time, a critically high level of sCD40L indicates the significant endothelial damage.
Cell biobank as a necessary infrastructure for the development and implementation of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in the treatment of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Literature review and own data
Authors: Grivtsova L. Yu. , Popovkina O. E. , Dukhova N. N. , Politiko O. A. , Yuzhakov V. V. , Lepekhina L. A. , Kalsina S. Sh. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: December 2020

Cardiovascular diseases, along with cancer, are the leading causes of death worldwide. Although modern pharmacological treatment of various cardiomyopathies can slow the development of myocardial dysfunction, they have limited effectiveness in patients with end-stage disease. Many researchers believe that heart transplantation is the only radical treatment in this case. However, the lack of donors and the high 

operation cost require careful selection of surgical candidates. With the introduction of molecular and cell biology into medical practice, today, stem cell therapy can become an alternative method of nonsurgical restoration of myocardial functions. The most studied and attractive is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs differ from hematopoietic stem cells used as support for hematopoiesis in high-dose chemotherapy by the following features: pronounced trophic effect, immune tolerance, the ability to suppress alloreactivity and autoimmune disorders. An important stage in the implementation of cell therapy is the creation of a cell biobank of MSCs. In A.F.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, this work has been carried out since1984. Asignificant number of experimental studies have been carried out, confirming the possibility of clinical implementation of this approach. A method for obtaining stable cultures of MSCs and cardiomyoblasts from bone marrow cells was developed and approvals were obtained. Experimental studies of cell therapy are also being conducted to overcome anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in cancer patients.

This article is devoted to practical application of MSC-based therapy, in particular, in cancer patients with cardiotoxicity, as well as to the issues of creating a cell biobank for treatment with MSCs.
Türkiye’de İslami Finansın Gelişimi ve Hukuki Yapısı
Authors: BAĞIŞ Bilal , YILMAZ Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Küresel ekonominin gelişimi ile birlikte finans sektörü de ciddi bir gelişim ve dönüşüm yaşamakta; zaman içinde, yeni ihtiyaçlar doğurmakta ve yeni finansal piyasa araçlarına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Diğer yandan, İslam ülkelerinde de, kadim İslam Ekonomisi anlayışı varlığını sürdürmekle beraber, Neo-liberal politikaların ürünü konvansiyonel finansal piyasaların giderek artan etkisi de bir gerçektir. Borç ve faize dayalı konvansiyonel finansal piyasalara alternatif olabilecek İslami finans, dünya finans piyasalarındaki artan popülaritesine paralel olarak Türkiye’de de hızlı bir gelişim göstermektedir. Ancak, İslami finans sektörünün gelişimini belirleyen önemli unsurlardan biri de mevcut hukuk sisteminin ve yasaların, İslam hukuk kurallarına uygulanabilirliğidir. Bu çalışma, öncelikle İslami finansın Türkiye ve dünyadaki gelişimi; Türk Hukuku’ndaki kanun, tüzük ve yönetmelikler doğrultusunda, İslami finans ile ilgili düzenlemeleri açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de İslami finans uygulamalarında eksik kalan konuları belirleyip; kanun koyucu tarafından düzenleme yapılması sürecine yardımcı olmak, mevcut düzenlemelerin uygulamada meydana getirdiği sorunları ortaya koymak ve tamamen veya kısmen değiştirilmesi sürecine katkıda bulunmaktır.
Fen Bilimleri Ders Kitapları ile İlgili Yapılan Çalışmaların İncelenmesi
Authors: EROĞLU DOĞAN Eylem , EKİNCİ Recep , DOĞAN Doğan
Published: December 2020

Ders kitapları, öğretim programlarının amaçlarının gerçekleştirilmesinde öğretmenlere kılavuzluk eden ve öğrencilerin kişisel, ekonomik ve sosyal gelişimlerine katkı sağlayan en önemli eğitim araçları arasında yer alır. Etkili bir fen öğretimi için ders kitaplarının öğrencilerin seviyesine uygun olması, öğretim programının kazanımlarının gerçekleştirilmesine katkıda bulunması, öğrencileri derse motive edecek zengin görsel öğeler içermesi ve iyi hazırlanmış ölçme-değerlendirme kısımlarına sahip olması gerekir. Alan yazın taraması, Türkiye’de fen bilimleri ders kitapları ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışma bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmaların incelenmesi, araştırma eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi, araştırmacıların problem gördükleri alanlara daha kolay yönelmeleri ve alan yazında bu konuda var olan boşluğu doldurmaya katkıda bulunmak açısından önemlidir. Bu nedenle çalışmanın amacı, Fen Bilimleri ders kitaplarıyla ilgili Türkiye’de 2010-2019 yılları aralığında yapılan araştırma makaleleri ve lisansüstü tezleri bazı değişkenler açısından incelemek olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamda Fen Bilimleri ders kitaplarıyla ilgili 25 lisansüstü tez ve 31 araştırma makalesi incelenmiştir. İncelenen lisansüstü tezlere YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezinde erişime açık olan lisansüstü tezlerden, araştırma makalelerine ise ULAKBİM’de taranan dergiler ile ulaşılmıştır. Fen Bilimleri ders kitaplarıyla ilgili yazılmış tezler ve makaleler, bu araştırma için geliştirilen tez/makale inceleme formuyla incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları; bu konuda yayınlanan araştırma makaleleri ile yüksek lisans tez sayılarının doktora tezlerinden fazla olduğunu, özel ve devlet yayınevlerine ait kitaplarının incelendiğini ve en çok araştırmanın 2017 yılında ve Gazi Üniversitesinde yapıldığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, araştırma yöntemi olarak daha çok nitel yöntemin ve veri toplama aracı olarak da dokümanların tercih edildiği ve çalışmalarda ele alınan kitapların daha çok içerik açısından incelendiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Türkiye’de Fen Eğitimi Alanında Doktora Düzeyinde Yapılan Tez Çalışmalarının Bibliyografik Analizi
Authors: SÖNMEZ Derya , HASTÜRK Gamze
Published: December 2020

Ülkelerin eğitim hedefleri arasında okullarda fen eğitimini geliştirme ve feni sevdirme çabası yer almaktadır. Çağın gerektirdiği yenilikleri bilen, uygulayan, donanımlı bireylerin yetişebilmesi için lisansüstü düzeyde etkili bir fen eğitimi gereklidir. Son yıllarda Türkiye’de eğitim alanında yapılan akademik çalışmaların sayısında ve çeşitliliğinde bir artışın olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Bu nedenle yükseköğretim kademesinde fen eğitimi alanında yapılan akademik çalışmaların incelenmesi önemlidir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda Türkiye’de fen eğitimi alanında doktora düzeyinde yapılan tez çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Türkiye’de 2002-2019 yılları arasında hazırlanan “fen eğitimi” konulu 138 doktora tezi bibliyografik araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Tez çalışmalarının incelenmesinde tezlerin; yayınlandığı yıl, yayınlandığı üniversite, yayınlandığı enstitü, araştırma yöntemi, veri analiz teknikleri, araştırmacıların cinsiyeti, danışman unvanı, çalışma grubu, araştırma konusu esas alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı’nın tez tarama merkezinde ulaşılabilen 2002-2019 yılları arasındaki tezlerin en çok 2014 yılında yayınlandığı belirlenmiştir. İncelenen tezlerin en fazla Gazi Üniversitesi’nde yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Tezlerde araştırma yöntemi olarak en fazla karma yöntem kullanıldığı, araştırma grubunu en fazla fen bilimleri öğretmeni adayları oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Fen eğitimi alanında yapılan doktora tezlerinin araştırma konusu olarak bilimin doğası ile ilgili çalışmaların sayısının diğer konulara göre daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Ahlak ve Sosyal Refah İlişkisi: Güney Afrika Örneği
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Şenol
Published: December 2020

Gelir dağılımı ve yoksulluk durumları biçiminde somutlaşan sosyal refahın oluşumunda ahlaki değerlerin önemli bir belirleyiciliği söz konusudur. Ahlaki değerlerin toplumda işlevsel ve baskın olduğu durumlarda iktisadi üretkenlik-etkinlik ve sosyal adaletin varlığı şeklinde tezahür eden bu durum, tersi durumda ekonomik kalkınma ve sosyal adalet sorunlarının bulunduğu, sosyal güven eksikliği ve yolsuzluğun karakteristik özellikler olduğu bir toplumsal yapı olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Modern dünyanın sosyal refahla ilgili sorunlarını çözmede piyasanın yanı sıra kamu ekonomisinin de etkin olamaması sosyal refahın ahlak boyutunun önemini göstermektedir. Güney Afrika’da yüzyıllık bir sömürü düzeninin ardından iktidarı devralan siyah hükümet tarafından başlatılan ulusal ölçekli bir sosyal adalet girişimi olarak siyah ekonomik güçlendirme politikalarının başarısızlık nedenleri arasında yolsuzluk önemli bir yere sahiptir. Yolsuzlukların güçlendirme politikalarına başarısızlığın yanı sıra ekonomik yapı ve sorunlar gibi teknik nitelikli diğer faktörlerden farklı olarak meşruiyet kaybı gibi daha köklü etkide bulunması ve sosyal refahı artırmak yerine daha da kötüleştirmesi ahlak sosyal refah ilişkisini somut olarak ortaya koyan çarpıcı bir örneklik oluşturmaktadır.
Müzik Eğitimi Kapsamında Yapılan Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışmalarının Çok Yönlü İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇELİK Duygu , YÜKSEL Gözde
Published: December 2020

Müzik eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme, sanat dalı olarak yükselmenin yanı sıra bilim dalı olarak ileriye gidebilmenin de gerekli bir basamağıdır. Bu noktada günümüze kadar ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerine sağlanan katkının nicelik ve nitelik bakımından değerlendirilmesinin, eksiklerin belirlenmesi bakımından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle araştırmada, müzik eğitimi kapsamında yapılan ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarının, çok yönlü incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada ulusal alan yazın taranmış ve müzik eğitimi kapsamında yapılan 58 ölçek geliştirme ve dilsel eş değerlik uyum çalışmasına ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada 1997-2019 yılları arasında geliştirilen 58 ölçek sistematik olarak incelenmiş, çalışma içeriğine göre farklı kategori grupları oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma, durum belirlemeye yönelik betimsel bir tarama araştırmasıdır. Ölçekler nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiş, 58 ölçekte toplam 11 farklı kategoriye ulaşılmıştır. Müzik eğitimi alanında geliştirilmiş ölçeklerin yayın yılı, geliştirme-uyarlama çalışması olma durumu, yayın türü, müzik eğitiminin boyutu, ölçeğin kapsadığı örneklem türü, madde sayısı, ilk ve son hali arasındaki madde sayısı farkı, örneklem sayısı, ölçek boyut sayısı, ölçeğin ölçüm türü, ölçeğin likert tipi ölçeklendirme derecesi kategorilerinin yüzde dağılımları incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda müzik eğitimi kapsamında geliştirilen ölçeklerin ilk olarak 1997 yılında geliştirildiği; 2010 yılından itibaren gözle görülür bir şekilde artış gösterdiği; en çok 2018 ve 2016 yıllarında geliştirildiği, en fazla çalgı eğitimi boyutuna yönelik olduğu, koro ve ses eğitimi boyutlarında ölçme çalışmalarının oldukça sınırlı kaldığı, araştırmaların büyük çoğunun mesleki müzik eğitimi kurumları örneklem grubuyla yapıldığı, incelenen bazı araştırmalarda madde sayısına oranla örneklem sayısının bilimsel kriterleri karşılamadığı, yine bazı araştırmalarda madde havuzunun pilot uygulama ve son şekli arasındaki fark durumunun araştırma raporlarında belirtilmediği; en fazla ölçüm türünün tutum ölçeği olduğu ve ölçeklerde büyük farkla 5’li likert kullanıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.