bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of In Vitro Coinoculation on the Physiological Parameters of White Lupine Plants (Lupinus albus L.)
Authors: Waraczewska Zyta , Niewiadomska Alicja , Wolna-Maruwka Agnieszka , Sulewska Hanna , Budka Anna , Pilarska Agnieszka A.
Published: December 2022

The aim of the study was to select microbiological inoculants for a specific plant species, i.e., white lupine (Lupinus albus L.), to increase the efficiency of the diazotroph process. The research involved an in vitro assessment of interactions between the symbiotic bacteria (Bradyrhizobium sp. isolated from Nitragina and Nitroflora commercial preparations dedicated to white lupine) and selected endophytes (Pseudomonas fluorescens or Bacillus subtilis) used for seed coinoculation. In addition, selected morphological traits of plants (the weight and length of aboveground and belowground parts) were examined after the inoculation/coinoculation. The degree of root colonisation by selected endophytes used as individual inoculants and in combination with bacteria of the Bradyrhizobium genus was determined. The diazotrophic parameters were also investigated (nitrogenase activity, the number, and weight of nodules). The results showed no antagonistic interactions have been demonstrated between bacterial strains of the genus Bradyrhizobium sp. isolated from Nitragina and Nitroflora, and the endophytes Pseudomonas fluorescens or Bacillus subtilis used for the study. The applied coinoculation in vitro had a stimulating effect on the weight of the stems and roots of white lupine causing an average increase of 13% and 28%, respectively. The level of nitrogenase activity in the coinoculation variants increased from 3.5 nMC2H4 plant−1 h−1 to an average of 32.34 nMC2H4 plant−1 h−1.
Timed Colored Petri Net-Based Event Generators for Web Systems Simulation
Authors: Bożek Andrzej , Rak Tomasz , Rzonca Dariusz
Published: December 2022

Simulation is a powerful process for perfectly planning and dimensioning web systems. However, a successful analysis using a simulation model usually requires variable load intensities. Furthermore, as the client’s behavior is subject to frequent changes in modern web systems, such models need to be adapted as well. Based on web systems observation, we come across the need for tools that allow flexible definitions of web systems load profiles. We propose Timed Colored Petri Nets (TCPN) event generators for web environments that could be used to drive simulations for performance evaluation. The article proposes the systematization of the generators for future development. The theoretical part focuses on a classification with a division into deterministic/stochastic and untimed/timed generators. Next, in this study, we investigate representative models of generators from different classes based on the formalism of TCPN. We perform model design and simulation processes using CPN Tools software. Finally, we present a case study involving workload analysis of a web system that processes requests from the designed generator.
Investigations on the Complex Band Diagram of Flexural Wave through the Fluid-Loaded Phononic Plate
Authors: Li Jingru , Li Sheng , Miao Zhongjian
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the complex band diagram of flexural waves in the phononic plate with semi-infinite heavy fluid loading. The system under examination is a square plate lattice with two-dimensional periodicity immersed in a fluid domain with infinite height. The numerical models based on the wave field transformation and the Galerkin method combined with the finite element discretization technique are developed to investigate the real and imaginary parts of the dispersion relation of flexural waves propagating through the phononic plate incorporating the fluid-loading effects. A perfect agreement is found between the location and width of stop bands from the real band diagram and the attenuation diagram, which supports the validity of the numerical models. Moreover, the complex band diagram is verified by the transverse vibration transmittance of the finite phononic plate. The results demonstrate that the external fluid loading is able to adjust the location, bandwidth, and decaying level as well as affect the degree of attenuation anisotropy of the complete and directional band gaps.
A Method for Generation of a Sizing System and Representative Models for a Facial Mask Design
Authors: Lee Wonsup , Lee Baekhee , Yang Xiaopeng , You Heecheon
Published: December 2022

A sizing system and representative face models (RFMs) need to be properly determined for the design of a facial mask. The present study proposed a novel approach for the generation of a sizing system and RFMs for a facial mask that considers not only the accommodation of the target population but also its applicability in practice (e.g., ease of use and economic efficiency). A custom sizing system with four unique sizing categories was generated by applying the proposed approach for a pilot oxygen mask for Korean pilots. Then, out of 336 faces, a face showing the minimum value of weighted sum of Euclidean distance (WSED) was identified as the RFM of each of the four sizing categories. The proposed approach can be applied to the development of a sizing system and the identification of representative human models for the design of wearable products associated with multiple body dimensions.
On Mitigating the Effects of Multipath on GNSS Using Environmental Context Detection
Authors: Hussain Arif , Ahmed Arslan , Shah Madad Ali , Katyara Sunny , Staszewski Lukasz , Magsi Hina
Published: December 2022

Accurate, ubiquitous and reliable navigation can make transportation systems (road, rail, air and marine) more efficient, safer and more sustainable by enabling path planning, route optimization and fuel economy optimization. However, accurate navigation in urban contexts has always been a challenging task due to significant chances of signal blockage and multipath and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signal reception. This paper presents a detailed study on environmental context detection using GNSS signals and its utilization in mitigating multipath effects by devising a context-aware navigation (CAN) algorithm that detects and characterizes the working environment of a GNSS receiver and applies the desired mitigation strategy accordingly. The CAN algorithm utilizes GNSS measurement variables to categorize the environment into standard, degraded and highly degraded classes and then updates the receiver’s tracking-loop parameters based on the inferred environment. This allows the receiver to adaptively mitigate the effects of multipath/NLOS, which inherently depend upon the type of environment. To validate the functionality and potential of the proposed CAN algorithm, a detailed study on the performance of a multi-GNSS receiver in the quad-constellation mode, i.e., GPS, BeiDou, Galileo and GLONASS, is conducted in this research by traversing an instrumented vehicle around an urban city and acquiring respective GNSS signals in different environments. The performance of a CAN-enabled GNSS receiver is compared with a standard receiver using fundamental quality indicators of GNSS. The experimental results show that the proposed CAN algorithm is a good contributor for improving GNSS performance by anticipating the potential degradation and initiating an adaptive mitigation strategy. The CAN-enabled GNSS receiver achieved a lane-level accuracy of less than 2 m for 53% of the total experimental time-slot in a highly degraded environment, which was previously only 32% when not using the proposed CAN.
Theranostic Investigation of Gadolinium-159 for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Monte Carlo Simulation Study
Authors: Musa Ahmed Sadeq , Abdul Hadi Muhammad Fahmi Rizal , Ashour Nabeel Ibrahim , Hashikin Nurul Ab. Aziz
Published: December 2022

Gadolinium-159 (159Gd) is a beta emitter with appropriate energy for therapeutic application. However, this radioisotope additionally emits gamma rays, enabling the distribution of 159Gd to be detected by a gamma camera after each therapeutic administration. The current research is innovative in the investigation of 159Gd as a theranostic radioisotope in the radioembolization of HCC using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. For 159Gd therapeutic investigation, various patient scenarios including varying tumour involvement (TI), tumour-to-normal liver uptake ratio (T/N), and lung shunting (LS) were simulated using Geant4 MC to estimate the absorbed doses to organs at risk. For 159Gd planar imaging investigation, the SPECTHead example from GATEContrib (GitHub) was utilized, and inside a liver a tumour was created and placed inside a torso phantom and simulated using GATE MC simulation. The majority of 159Gd absorbed doses by normal liver and lungs were less than the maximum dose limitations of 70 Gy and 30 Gy, respectively. Absorbed doses to other organs were observed to be below 1 Gy. The utilization of 58 keV and 363.54 keV photopeaks in combination produced optimal planar imaging of 159Gd. This research gives new insights into the use of 159Gd as a theranostic radioisotope, with the potential to be used as an Yttrium-90 (90Y) alternative for liver radioembolization.
Classification and Object Detection of 360° Omnidirectional Images Based on Continuity-Distortion Processing and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yang Degang , Song Tingting , Ye Yichen , Zhou Jie , Song Yingze
Published: December 2022

The use of 360° omnidirectional images has occurred widely in areas where comprehensive visual information is required due to their large visual field coverage. However, many extant convolutional neural networks based on 360° omnidirectional images have not performed well in computer vision tasks. This occurs because 360° omnidirectional images are processed into plane images by equirectangular projection, which generates discontinuities at the edges and can result in serious distortion. At present, most methods to alleviate these problems are based on multi-projection and resampling, which can result in huge computational overhead. Therefore, a novel edge continuity distortion-aware block (ECDAB) for 360° omnidirectional images is proposed here, which prevents the discontinuity of edges and distortion by recombining and segmenting features. To further improve the performance of the network, a novel convolutional row-column attention block (CRCAB) is also proposed. CRCAB captures row-to-row and column-to-column dependencies to aggregate global information, enabling stronger representation of the extracted features. Moreover, to reduce the memory overhead of CRCAB, we propose an improved convolutional row-column attention block (ICRCAB), which can adjust the number of vectors in the row-column direction. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed networks, we conducted experiments on both traditional images and 360° omnidirectional image datasets. The experimental results demonstrated that better performance than for the baseline model was obtained by the network using ECDAB or CRCAB.
A Novel Two-Dimensional Dynamic Pseudo-Random Coupled Map Lattices System Based on Partitioned Elementary Cellular Automata
Authors: Ning Hao , Zhao Geng , Dong Youheng , Ma Yingjie
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes a novel spatiotemporal chaotic system with two-dimensional dynamic pseudo-random coupled map lattices (2D-DPRCML) based on partitioned elementary cellular automata (PECA). In the system iteration, coupling lattices are chosen based on the chaotic PECA, and the iterative results of PECA are also employed as the perturbation for the system. We investigate the system’s chaotic properties, including bifurcation diagrams, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy density and universality. In addition, the output sequences were analyzed for uniformity and randomness. The correlations between the system lattices are also explored. The simulation results and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the 2D-DPRCML system possesses excellent chaotic performance, and the output sequences show good uniformity and randomness, indicating that the 2D-DPRCML system is capable of resisting the return maps attack. It is evident from all these advantages that the proposed system is ideal for use in cryptography.
Multi-Feature Extension via Semi-Autoencoder for Personalized Recommendation
Authors: Geng Yishuai , Zhu Yi , Li Yun , Sun Xiaobing , Li Bin
Published: December 2022

Over the past few years, personalized recommendation systems aim to address the problem of information overload to help users achieve useful information and make quick decisions. Recently, due to the benefits of effective representation learning and no labeled data requirements, autoencoder-based models have commonly been used in recommendation systems. Nonetheless, auxiliary information that can effectively enlarge the feature space is always scarce. Moreover, most existing methods ignore the hidden relations between extended features, which significantly affects the recommendation accuracy. To handle these problems, we propose a Multi-Feature extension method via a Semi-AutoEncoder for personalized recommendation (MFSAE). First, we extract auxiliary information from DBpedia as feature extensions of items. Second, we leverage the LSI model to learn hidden relations on top of item features and embed them into low-dimensional feature vectors. Finally, the resulting feature vectors, combined with the original rating matrix and side information, are fed into a semi-autoencoder for recommendation prediction. We ran comprehensive experiments on the MovieLens datasets. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of MFSAE compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Numerical Simulation Study on Ventilation Optimization Design of Extra-Long Double-Line Mountain Tunnels with Parallel Heading: A Case Study
Authors: Guo Weidong , Chen Lei , Liu Guoqiang , Wang Juntao , Shi Shaoshuai , Bu Lin
Published: December 2022

There are many issues affecting multi-hole parallel tunneling and long tunnel ventilation, such as insufficient fresh air supplied at the tunnel face, pollution by contaminated winds, and uncoordinated work among multiple fans. In view of these issues, this paper uses the numerical simulation software Fluent combined with the orthogonal analysis test method, and, based on the actual working conditions of Yuelongmen Tunnel on the Chenglan Line, simulates the parameters of the duct, the installation position of the jet fan at the cross channel, and the combined operation status of multiple fans. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the primary factor affecting the CO discharge from the tunnel face is the distance between the exit of the duct and the tunnel face, and the secondary factor is the diameter of the duct, while the position of the duct is the least influential factor; (2) the jet fan at the intersection of the cross channel should be set close to the pollution source in such a way as to prevent the jet from hitting the windward side of the cross channel and thereby avoid causing the contaminated wind to contaminate the adjacent tunnel; (3) in tunnels in which blasting operations do not occur, the simultaneous use of high-power air supplies and jet fans will reduce the air pressure in the tunnel, generate an air pressure difference with the adjacent tunnel, trap polluted air, and reduce the ventilation effect.
State-Space Modeling and Analysis for an Inverter-Based Intelligent Microgrid under Parametric Uncertainty
Authors: Feng Yiwei , Ma Zong
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a multivariable linear integral feedback regulation controller for a microgrid was proposed. Considering that the nominal structure model of the inverter could not effectively and in a timely manner deal with the impact of filter parameter uncertainty, there were changes in output power quality among different generation environments. To solve the constraints imposed by uncertain factors on the system, we formulated the following scheme. First, based on the analysis of the asymptotic stability and power characteristics of the nominal model, we added the microgrid filter parameter uncertainty to this model. Secondly, under the action of the bounded range, the performance characteristics of the optimal cost were analyzed, adjusted, and optimized. The controller adjusted parameters to ensure the stable operation of the microgrid system, and to achieve the voltage stability regulation and output power balance. Finally, we built a test system to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed linear integral controller in MATLAB/Simulink.
State-of-the-Art in Orthodontics and Gnathology
Authors: Minervini Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

In recent years, several novel diagnostic and treatment modalities have been introduced in orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders [...]
Investigating the Antioxidant Potential of Bell Pepper Processing By-Products for the Development of Value-Added Sausage Formulations
Authors: Cocan Ileana , Cadariu Andreea-Ioana , Negrea Monica , Alexa Ersilia , Obistioiu Diana , Radulov Isidora , Poiana Mariana-Atena
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, when the supply chain of natural compounds for the production of value-added meat products is limited, the use of by-products from vegetable processing could become an attractive solution, contributing to the concept of circular economy. In this regard, our study investigated the effectiveness of yellow and red bell pepper processing by-products used in dried form (DYBPB, DRBPB) in the sausages recipe, instead of synthetic nitrites, to enhance their oxidative stability during cold storage (4 °C) for 20 days. Two types of nitrite-free sausages were obtained, such as smoked and dried sausages (I) and smoked and blanched sausages (II). Nitrite-free sausage formulations were designed by adding DYBPB and DRBPB at a dose to ensure a total phenolic compounds (TPC) level of 50, 90, 180, and 270 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/kg of processed meat. The formulations developed were compared with control samples of sausages obtained with added sodium nitrite or without any additive. The DYBPB and DRBPB were investigated for total and individual phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. The obtained sausages were investigated in terms of proximate composition as well as lipid oxidation progression based on specific chemical indices such as peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AV), TOTOX index, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test during cold storage for 1, 10, and 20 days. The antioxidant activity of DYBPB and DRBPB has been shown to be closely related to their total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. It was found that a higher inhibitory potential against oxidative damage was evidenced in smoked and scalded sausages compared to smoked and dried formulations when the same dose of bell pepper processing by-products was applied. Our results showed that the use of dried bell pepper processing by-products in a dose that provides a TPC of a minimum of 180 mg GAE/kg processed meat for DRBPB and 270 mg GAE/kg processed meat for DYBPB have the potential to ensure lipid oxidative stability during cold storage of sausages for 20 days and can be considered for obtaininginnovative nitrite-free sausage formulations. Bearing in mind that the meat industry is currently looking for natural and sustainable ingredients to replace synthetic ones, our research recommends bell pepper processing by-products as promising substitutes for sodium nitrite to develop value-added meat products.
The Water-Enhanced Turbofan as Enabler for Climate-Neutral Aviation
Authors: Kaiser Sascha , Schmitz Oliver , Ziegler Paul , Klingels Hermann
Published: December 2022

A significant part of the current aviation climate impact is caused by non-carbon-dioxide emissions, mainly nitrogen oxides (NOx) and contrails. It is, therefore, important to have a holistic view on climate metrics. Today’s conventional, but already well-developed, aero-engines are based on the Joule–Brayton cycle, and leave only limited room for improvement in climate impact. The revolutionary Water-Enhanced Turbofan (WET) concept represents a technical step change addressing all relevant emissions by implementing the Cheng cycle, which combines the gas turbine cycle with a Clausius–Rankine steam cycle. This paper builds upon previous publications regarding the WET concept, and outlines the evolution since then. Promising WET configurations are evaluated according to their ability to reduce global warming potential compared to an evolutionarily advanced turbofan engine. A quantitative approach to estimate reduction of NOx emissions through steam injection is presented. The impact on the creation of contrails is considered using the Schmidt-Appleman criterion. In conclusion, all three climate-relevant emissions can be reduced with the WET concept compared to a technologically similar turbofan in terms of CO2 (up to 10%), NOx (more than 90%), and contrails (more than 50%). The resulting in-flight climate impact can be reduced by more than 40% when using fossil kerosene, paving the way to climate-neutral aviation.
Face Gender and Age Classification Based on Multi-Task, Multi-Instance and Multi-Scale Learning
Authors: Liao Haibin , Yuan Li , Wu Mou , Zhong Liangji , Jin Guonian , Xiong Neal
Published: December 2022

Automated facial gender and age classification has remained a challenge because of the high inter-subject and intra-subject variations. We addressed this challenging problem by studying multi-instance- and multi-scale-enhanced multi-task random forest architecture. Different from the conventional single facial attribute recognition method, we designed effective multi-task architecture to learn gender and age simultaneously and used the dependency between gender and age to improve its recognition accuracy. In the study, we found that face gender has a great influence on face age grouping; thus, we proposed a random forest face age grouping method based on face gender conditions. Specifically, we first extracted robust multi-instance and multi-scale features to reduce the influence of various intra-subject distortion types, such as low image resolution, illumination and occlusion, etc. Furthermore, we used a random forest classifier to recognize facial gender. Finally, a gender conditional random forest was proposed for age grouping to address inter-subject variations. Experiments were conducted by using two popular MORPH-II and Adience datasets. The experimental results showed that the gender and age recognition rates in our method can reach 99.6% and 96.14% in the MORPH-II database and 93.48% and 63.72% in the Adience database, reaching the state-of-the-art level.
Intent Classification and Slot Filling Model for In-Vehicle Services in Korean
Authors: Lim Jungwoo , Son Suhyune , Lee Songeun , Chun Changwoo , Park Sungsoo , Hur Yuna , Lim Heuiseok
Published: December 2022

Since understanding a user’s request has become a critical task for the artificial intelligence speakers, capturing intents and finding correct slots along with corresponding slot value is significant. Despite various studies concentrating on a real-life situation, dialogue system that is adaptive to in-vehicle services are limited. Moreover, the Korean dialogue system specialized in an vehicle domain rarely exists. We propose a dialogue system that captures proper intent and activated slots for Korean in-vehicle services in a multi-tasking manner. We implement our model with a pre-trained language model, and it includes an intent classifier, slot classifier, slot value predictor, and value-refiner. We conduct the experiments on the Korean in-vehicle services dataset and show 90.74% of joint goal accuracy. Also, we analyze the efficacy of each component of our model and inspect the prediction results with qualitative analysis.
Kinetics of PTSA-Catalysed Polycondensation of Citric Acid with 1,3-Propanediol
Authors: Bandzerewicz Aleksandra , Cegłowski Mateusz , Korytkowska Klaudia , Gadomska-Gajadhur Agnieszka
Published: December 2022

Recent years have seen the intensive development of novel therapies based on stem cells and advanced materials. Among the latter, polymers, especially polyesters, occupy a special place and are being investigated for use as substrates for cell differentiation and culture. Increasing application requirements are driving demand for such materials. This study aims to obtain a new material with potential biomedical applications, poly(1,3-propanediol citrate). A spectral analysis of the obtained product was carried out. The reaction kinetics of the polycondensation of citric acid and 1,3-propanediol in the presence of a catalyst, p-toluenesulphonic acid (PTSA), are described. The basis for determining the polycondensation kinetics was the assumption of non-equivalence of the carboxyl groups in citric acid. Elementary reaction rate constants and activation energy values were determined. Based on the data obtained, the course of the gelation points of the reaction mixture was estimated in its dependence on the temperature and reaction time. Kinetic research will facilitate the scale-up of the process.
Microbiological Analysis of the Air in a Popular Fish Processing and Marketing Area
Authors: Quintanilla-Martínez Angélica Sinaí , Aguirre-Güitrón Lizet , Espinosa-Chaurand Luis Daniel , Diaz-Ramírez Mayra , Cortés-Sánchez Alejandro De Jesús
Published: December 2022

Fish are marketed as a food and consumed worldwide. During the production of food, contamination by microorganisms is possible through the air, soil, water, surfaces, food handlers, etc. The air does not have a natural microbial composition, but it is a vehicle for the transmission of microorganisms of economic and health interest because they are associated with food spoilage and human diseases. The objective of this study was the microbiological analysis of the air in an area popular for the processing and marketing of fish products in the city of Tepic Nayarit. Using the passive or sedimentation method to collect microorganisms present in the air, the proportion of aerobic mesophile bacteria, coliform bacteria, fungi and yeast was determined at different locations in the fish processing and marketing area for four weeks. The results indicated that the aerobic mesophiles had the highest counts among all the microbial groups analyzed at the twelve different sampling points during the four weeks of the study; their numbers ranged from 2.44 to 2.95 log CFU/m3/h, followed by molds with counts from 1.44 to 2.75 log CFU/m3/h, yeasts with counts from 0.7 to 2.01 log CFU/m3/h and coliforms with counts that ranged from 0.7 to 1.68 log CFU/m3/h. We determined the proportion of the viable microbiological population present in the air at the different sampling points of the study area; several of these sampling points presented values above those recommended by various agencies around the world. Knowledge of the biological hazards transported through the air is important to establish and reduce the risk to the health of occupants and the contamination pathways of processed and marketed fishery products that may be associated with spoilage and foodborne diseases.
Reducing Particle Exposure and SARS-CoV-2 Risk in Built Environments through Accurate Virtual Twins and Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Quintero Fabian , Nagarajan Vijaisri , Schumacher Stefan , Todea Ana Maria , Lindermann Jörg , Asbach Christof , Luzzato Charles M. A. , Jilesen Jonathan
Published: December 2022

The World Health Organization has pointed out that airborne transmission via aerosol particles can be a strong vector for the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Protecting occupants from infectious diseases or harmful particulate matter (PM) in general can be challenging. While experimentally outlining the detailed flow of PM in rooms may require complex setups, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can provide insights into improving the safety of the built environment and the most effective positioning of air-purifying devices. While previous studies have typically leveraged Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approaches for predicting particle propagation, the turbulence length scales accurately captured in these simulations may not be sufficient to provide a realistic spread and the mixing of particles under the effects of forced convection. In this paper, we experimentally validate a Lattice Boltzmann very large eddy simulation (VLES) approach including particle modeling. We also demonstrate how this simulation approach can be used to improve the effectiveness of air filtration devices in realistic office environments.
Finite-Basis-Set Approach to the Two-Center Heteronuclear Dirac Problem
Authors: Kotov Artem A. , Glazov Dmitry A. , Malyshev Aleksei V. , Shabaev Vladimir M. , Plunien Günter
Published: December 2022

The rigorous two-center approach based on the dual-kinetically balanced finite-basis-set expansion is applied to one-electron, heteronuclear diatomic Bi-Au, U-Pb, and Cf-U quasimolecules. The obtained 1σ ground-state energies are compared with previous calculations, when possible. Upon analysis of three different placements of the coordinate system’s origin in the monopole approximation of the two-center potential: (1) in the middle, between the nuclei, (2) in the center of the heavy nucleus, and (3) in the center of the light nucleus, a substantial difference between the results is found. The leading contributions of one-electron quantum electrodynamics (self-energy and vacuum polarization) are evaluated within the monopole approximation as well.
Design and Fabrication of Artificial Stem Cell Microenvironments
Authors: Mallis Panagiotis
Published: December 2022

Major key features of stem cells’ functions are self-renewal and their capacity for differentiation, allowing for maintain a proper stem cell reservoir as well as producing lineage-committed cells [...]
The Role of Calmodulin Binding Transcription Activator in Plants under Different Stressors: Physiological, Biochemical, Molecular Mechanisms of Camellia sinensis and Its Current Progress of CAMTAs
Authors: Zaman Shah , Hassan Syed Shams ul , Ding Zhaotang
Published: December 2022

Low temperatures have a negative effect on plant development. Plants that are exposed to cold temperatures undergo a cascade of physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that activate several genes, transcription factors, and regulatory pathways. In this review, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of Camellia sinensis have been discussed. Calmodulin binding transcription activator (CAMTAs) by molecular means including transcription is one of the novel genes for plants’ adaptation to different abiotic stresses, including low temperatures. Therefore, the role of CAMTAs in different plants has been discussed. The number of CAMTAs genes discussed here are playing a significant role in plants’ adaptation to abiotic stress. The illustrated diagrams representing the mode of action of calcium (Ca2+) with CAMTAs have also been discussed. In short, Ca2+ channels or Ca2+ pumps trigger and induce the Ca2+ signatures in plant cells during abiotic stressors, including low temperatures. Ca2+ signatures act with CAMTAs in plant cells and are ultimately decoded by Ca2+sensors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review reporting CAMAT’s current progress and potential role in C. sinensis, and this study opens a new road for researchers adapting tea plants to abiotic stress.
Clinical Performance Evaluation of a Hyaluronic Acid Dental Gel for the Treatment of Traumatic Ulcers in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tremolati Marco , Farronato Marco , Ferrantino Luca , Rusconi Francesca , Lodi Giovanni , Maspero Cinzia
Published: December 2022

Background: A newly available gel containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone was tested for efficacy on traumatic oral ulcers (TOU) caused by fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: A double-blind RCT was conducted to test the new gel versus a placebo. According to the sample size calculation, a total of 60 patients were considered sufficient and randomly allocated to one of the two groups out of a pool of 100 total patients who initially agreed to participate in the study. A VAS scale test and lesion measurements at T0, T1, and T2 were performed on the patients. Results: A total of 70 patients developed TOU, with 8 drop-outs; the intergroup comparison showed a statistically significant greater dimension of the lesion in the control group at T2 when compared to the test group. The pain experienced by the patients belonging to the test group was significantly lower than the pain in the patients in the control group Conclusions: Under the limitations of the study, the new formula might provide faster healing with less pain experienced by the patient when compared to a placebo.
Carbon and Iron Uptake by Phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Wang Bo , Fan Lingfang , Zheng Minfang , Qiu Yusheng , Chen Min
Published: December 2022

Freshwater components in the Southern Ocean, whether sea ice meltwater or meteoric water, influence the growth of phytoplankton by affecting water stability and supplying dissolved iron (DFe). In addition, melting sea ice stimulates phytoplankton blooms by providing ice algae. In this study, sea ice meltwater and meteoric water in the Amundsen Sea (AS) were differentiated by their stable oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O), while the phytoplankton carbon fixation rate (CFR) and iron uptake rate (FeUR) values were determined using the 14C and 55Fe tracer assays, respectively. Our results showed that FeUR exhibits a significant positive response only to sea ice meltwater, suggesting that DFe and algae provided by sea ice melting may be the main cause. In addition, the CFR had a slightly positive response to the freshwater input and a stronger correlation with the phytoplankton biomass, suggesting that the freshwater input may have enhanced the CFR through the algae released from sea ice melting. The FeUR normalized to the phytoplankton biomass was significantly positively correlated with the mixed layer depth, suggesting that water stability regulates the phytoplankton growth and the resulting Fe demand. A higher Fe demand per unit of carbon fixation during sea ice formation leads to a higher Fe/C ratio in phytoplankton. Although no significant correlations were observed between the FeUR, CFR, and meteoric water, meteoric water may have an effect on larger phytoplankton sensitive to Fe deficiencies. The results of culture experiments with DFe addition showed that the added Fe significantly enhanced the Fe uptake, carbon fixation, and Fe/C ratio of the cells, especially for micro-phytoplankton. The more pronounced response of micro-phytoplankton means that the meteoric water input may affect the efficiency of carbon export. Our study provides the first measurements of phytoplankton Fe quotas in the AS in austral late summer and early autumn, providing insights into how meteoric water and sea ice meltwater affect seasonal changes in Antarctic ecosystems.
Cyproterone Acetate Mediates IRE1α Signaling Pathway to Alleviate Pyroptosis of Ovarian Granulosa Cells Induced by Hyperandrogen
Authors: Zhang Yan , Xie Xianguo , Ma Yabo , Du Changzheng , Jiao Yuan , Xia Guoliang , Xu Jinrui , Yang Yi
Published: December 2022

Objective: Hyperandrogenemia (HA) is the main pathophysiological change that takes place in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Cyproterone acetate (CYA) is a drug commonly used to reduce androgen in patients with PCOS. Long-term and continuous exposure to HA can cause ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), pyroptotic death, and follicular dysfunction in PCOS mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CYA could ameliorate the hyperandrogenemia-induced pyroptosis of PCOS ovarian GCs by alleviating the activation of the IRE1α signaling pathway. Methods: Firstly, thirty PCOS patients with HA as their main clinical manifestation were selected as the study group, and thirty non-PCOS patients were selected as the control group. The GCs and follicular fluid of the patients were collected, and the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins was detected. Secondly, a PCOS mouse model induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was constructed, and the treatment group model was constructed with the subcutaneous injection of cyproterone acetate in PCOS mice. The expression of pyroptosis-related protein in ovarian GCs was detected to explore the alleviating effect of CYA on the pyroptosis of ovarian GCs in PCOS mice. Thirdly, KGN cells-i.e., from the human GC line-were cultured with dihydrotestosterone, CYA, and ERN1 (IRE1α gene) small interfering RNA in vitro to explore whether CYA can alleviate the activation of the IRE1α signaling pathway and ameliorate the hyperandrogenemia-induced pyroptosis of PCOS ovarian GCs. Results: The expression of pyroptosis-related proteins was significantly increased in ovarian GCs of PCOS patients with HA as the main clinical manifestation, and in the PCOS mouse model induced by DHEA. After treatment with CYA, the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in the ovarian GCs of mice was significantly lower than that in PCOS mice. In vitro experiments showed that CYA could ameliorate KGN cells’ pyroptosis by alleviating the activation of the IRE1α signaling pathway. Conclusion: This study showed that CYA could ameliorate the activation of the IRE1α signaling pathway in mouse GCs and KGN cells, and also alleviate pyroptosis in ovarian GCs. This study provides a new mechanism and evidential support for CYA in the treatment of PCOS patients.
Deetect: A Deep Learning-Based Image Analysis Tool for Quantification of Adherent Cell Populations on Oxygenator Membranes after Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy
Authors: Hoeren Felix , Görmez Zeliha , Richter Manfred , Troidl Kerstin
Published: December 2022

The strong interaction of blood with the foreign surface of membrane oxygenators during ECMO therapy leads to adhesion of immune cells on the oxygenator membranes, which can be visualized in the form of image sequences using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The segmentation and quantification of these image sequences is a demanding task, but it is essential to understanding the significance of adhering cells during extracorporeal circulation. The aim of this work was to develop and test a deep learning-supported image processing tool (Deetect), suitable for the analysis of confocal image sequences of cell deposits on oxygenator membranes at certain predilection sites. Deetect was tested using confocal image sequences of stained (DAPI) blood cells that adhered to specific predilection sites (junctional warps and hollow fibers) of a phosphorylcholine-coated polymethylpentene membrane oxygenator after patient support (>24 h). Deetect comprises various functions to overcome difficulties that occur during quantification (segmentation, elimination of artifacts). To evaluate Deetects performance, images were counted and segmented manually as a reference and compared with the analysis by a traditional segmentation approach in Fiji and the newly developed tool. Deetect outperformed conventional segmentation in clustered areas. In sections where cell boundaries were difficult to distinguish visually, previously defined post-processing steps of Deetect were applied, resulting in a more objective approach for the resolution of these areas.
The Vehicles of Calcium Hydroxide Pastes Interfere with Antimicrobial Effect, Biofilm Polysaccharidic Matrix, and Pastes’ Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Pedrinha Victor Feliz , Cuellar Maricel Rosario Cardenas , de Barros Mirela Cesar , Titato Pedro César Gomes , Shahbazi Mohammad-Ali , Sharma Prashant Kumar , de Andrade Flaviana Bombarda
Published: December 2022

The objective of the present study was to investigate the pH, volumetric alteration, antimicrobial action, and effect on biofilm matrix polysaccharides of calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes with different vehicles available in endodontics: CH + propylene glycol (CHP), UltraCal XS®, Metapaste®, and Metapex®. The pH was analyzed at different time intervals using a pH meter. For volumetric alteration, a microtomographic assay was performed before and after immersion in water. Enterococcus faecalis was chosen for microbiological tests. The bacterial viability and extracellular matrix were quantified with direct contact evaluation (dentin blocks) and at the intratubular level (dentin cylinders) using LIVE/DEAD BacLight and Calcofluor White dyes via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s tests were used to analyze pH and direct contact assays, while one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze volumetric alteration and intratubular decontamination (α = 0.05). Higher pH values were obtained during the initial days. Volumetric alterations were similar in all groups. Lower bacterial viability was obtained for dentin blocks and cylinders when CH pastes were used. UltraCal XS and Metapex had lower values for the extracellular matrix. The pH of all CH pastes decreased with time and did not promote medium alkalization for up to 30 days. CH paste can reduce bacterial viability through direct contact and at an intratubular level; however, UltraCal XS and Metapex are involved with lower volumes of extracellular matrices.
Relationship between the Occurrence of Genetic Variants of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in microRNA Processing Genes and the Risk of Developing Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Basak Justyna , Piotrzkowska Danuta , Majsterek Ireneusz , Kucharska Ewa
Published: December 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which leads to disturbances in the conduction of nerve impulses, cognitive impairment, sensory and motor disturbances, as well as depressive symptoms. MS remains an incurable disease with a difficult diagnosis and unclear etiology. The aim of the analysis was to identify SNPs that may potentially be associated with an increased risk of developing MS. Blood samples were obtained from patients with MS (194 subjects) and age-matched healthy controls (188 subjects). The polymorphic variant frequencies of rs197412 T>C in GEMIN3, rs7813 G>A in GEMIN4, rs1106042 G>A in HIWI, rs10719 A>C in DROSHA, rs3742330 A>G in DICER1, rs11077 T>G in XPO5, rs14035 C>T in RAN, rs636832 G>A in AGO1 were determined in DNA using real-time PCR TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Our findings indicate that the GG AGO1 rs636832 and AA GEMIN4 rs7813 genotypes were associated with an increased risk of MS. Although our findings provide a clearer understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, further investigations are needed to better understand their potential for the evaluation of other miRNA processing genes believed to be associated with MS etiology.
Anderson–Fabry Disease: A New Piece of the Lysosomal Puzzle in Parkinson Disease?
Authors: Zedde Marialuisa , Pascarella Rosario , Cavallieri Francesco , Pezzella Francesca Romana , Grisanti Sara , Di Fonzo Alessio , Valzania Franco
Published: December 2022

Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a composite and multisystemic clinical phenotype and frequent involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). Research in this area has largely focused on the cerebrovascular manifestations of the disease, and very little has been described about further neurological manifestations, which are known in other lysosomal diseases, such as Gaucher disease. In particular, a clinical and neuroimaging phenotype suggesting neurodegeneration as a putative mechanism has never been fully described for AFD, but the increased survival of affected patients with early diagnosis and the possibility of treatment have given rise to some isolated reports in the literature on the association of AFD with a clinical phenotype of Parkinson disease (PD). The data are currently scarce, but it is possible to hypothesize the molecular mechanisms of cell damage that support this association; this topic is worthy of further study in particular in relation to the therapeutic possibilities, which have significantly modified the natural history of the disease but which are not specifically dedicated to the CNS. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association will be proposed, and the available data with implications for future research and treatment will be rewritten.
Pixel-Level Clustering of Hematoxylin–Eosin-Stained Sections of Mouse and Human Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Inoue Haruki , Aimono Eriko , Kasuga Akiyoshi , Tanaka Haruto , Iwasaki Aika , Saya Hideyuki , Arima Yoshimi
Published: December 2022

We previously established mouse models of biliary tract cancer (BTC) based on the injection of cells with biliary epithelial stem cell properties derived from KRAS(G12V)-expressing organoids into syngeneic mice. The resulting mouse tumors appeared to recapitulate the pathological features of human BTC. Here we analyzed images of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for both the mouse tumor tissue and human cholangiocarcinoma tissue by pixel-level clustering with machine learning. A pixel-clustering model that was established via training with mouse images revealed homologies of tissue structure between the mouse and human tumors, suggesting similarities in tumor characteristics independent of animal species. Analysis of the human cholangiocarcinoma tissue samples with the model also revealed that the entropy distribution of cancer regions was higher than that of noncancer regions, with the entropy of pixels thus allowing discrimination between these two types of regions. Histograms of entropy tended to be broader for noncancer regions of late-stage human cholangiocarcinoma. These analyses indicate that our mouse BTC models are appropriate for investigation of BTC carcinogenesis and may support the development of new therapeutic strategies. In addition, our pixel-level clustering model is highly versatile and may contribute to the development of a new BTC diagnostic tool.
A Biomimetic Method to Replicate the Natural Fluid Movements of Swimming Snakes to Design Aquatic Robots
Authors: Gautreau Elie , Bonnet Xavier , Sandoval Juan , Fosseries Guillaume , Herrel Anthony , Arsicault Marc , Zeghloul Saïd , Laribi Med Amine
Published: December 2022

Replicating animal movements with robots provides powerful research tools because key parameters can be manipulated at will. Facing the lack of standard methods and the high complexity of biological systems, an incremental bioinspired approach is required. We followed this method to design a snake robot capable of reproducing the natural swimming gait of snakes, i.e., the lateral undulations of the whole body. Our goal was to shift away from the classical broken line design of poly-articulated snake robots to mimic the far more complex fluid movements of snakes. First, we examined the musculoskeletal systems of different snake species to extract key information, such as the flexibility or stiffness of the body. Second, we gathered the swimming kinematics of living snakes. Third, we developed a toolbox to implement the data that are relevant to technical solutions. We eventually built a prototype of an artificial body (not yet fitted with motors) that successfully reproduced the natural fluid lateral undulations of snakes when they swim. This basis is an essential step for designing realistic autonomous snake robots.