bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The State of Education in Kyrgyzstan at the End of the XIX Beginning of the XX Century
Authors: Tobakalov Ch.
Published: June 2024

This article examines the situation of education at the end of the XlX-beginning of the 20th century in Kyrgyzstan. It describes the methods and ways of education in Kyrgyzstan before the Soviet era, as well as the types of schools and educational institutions. It is known from history that Kyrgyz from ancient times were a people striving for knowledge. With the accession of Kyrgyzstan to Russia, the relationship between the Muslim and Turkic peoples living there intensified, the works of Kyrgyz scientists and historians began to be published. Based on this, it is said that the number of schools, educational institutions, madrasas, as well as the number of students and educated people has increased in Kyrgyzstan. At the end of the XlX-beginning of the 20th century, state educational institutions were opened for the Turkic peoples of the Volga region, the Caucasus and Central Asia. This contributed to the management of a new method of education. The programs of these schools were developed in 1905-1906 at a congress of Muslims in the city of Nizhny Novgorod. In such schools, not only religious classes were held, but also general education classes. In 1901-1902, Russian-native schools of a new type began to appear in Kyrgyzstan. Representatives of the new type of education Jadidists who criticized religious schools with old methods of education, tried to change the general school system in accordance with the requirements of that time. Through these schools, the Muslim population of Russia, including Kyrgyz, began to get acquainted with European civilization. Later, graduates of these schools subsequently formed the basis of the leading intelligentsia of Kyrgyzstan. The article studied some aspects of the organization of a new type of school, the subjects taught were fully consistent with religious beliefs, the national mentality, which positively led to the consciousness of local residents. The features of educational institutions in Kyrgyzstan, the role and importance of educating the younger generation, along with the formation of pre-existing religious madrasah schools and writing culture, were analyzed. The influence along with enlightenment work, knowledge and culture of other peoples and indigenous people, their place and significance before Soviet power were studied. A comprehensive study of the history and culture of Kyrgyzstan on a scientific basis was carried out in the second half of the XlX century.
State of Diplomatic Relations of the Kyrgyz Republic and the USA
Authors: Abytov B. , Burkhanov S.
Published: June 2024

The formation, development and current state of diplomatic relations between the USA and Kyrgyzstan are analyzed. After acquiring the sovereignty and independence of the Kyrgyz Republic, the first country that not only recognized, but also officially opened its embassy in Bishkek, on March 2, 1992, was the United States of America. The US Embassy was the first in the countries of the Central Asia region and post-Soviet republics. The development of diplomatic relations between the Kyrgyz Republic and the United States and the main stages in the development of interstate relations are shown.
Peculiarities of the Irrigation System in the Surkhan Oasis During the Rule of the Bukhara Emirate
Authors: Kabulov E.
Published: June 2024

In this article, the reforms implemented in the irrigation system of the Surkhan oasis during the rule of the Bukhara Emirate and its results are researched based on archival documents, sources and scientific literature.
Artistic time and Space in the Stories of V. Bykov
Authors: Abdusamatova L.
Published: June 2024

The analysis of time and space in a work of art - the chronotope is one of the most pressing problems of modern research. The purpose of the work is to acquaint specialists with the aesthetic function of the chronotope in the stories of V. Bykov. The technique of structural, comparative-typological and intertextual analysis was used. The study revealed the role of retrospections. V. Bykov's retrospectives are complex, the author examines several time layers. The concept of time causes the destruction of the plot, which cannot be restored in chronological (plot) sequence. The depiction of time and space used by the writer makes it possible to reveal the character of a person in an extreme situation as concisely and convincingly as possible. The result of the analysis is the conclusion that the stories of V. Bykov are a significant stage in the evolution of artistic thinking.
The Use of Arabisms in the Poem “Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh)” by Egemberdy Ermatov
Authors: Toktomatova A. , Omurova A.
Published: June 2024

The article studies usage of the words borrowed from Arabic in the poem “Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)” by Egemberdy Ermatov. It’s known from history that there wasn’t a direct contact of Kyrgyz language with Arabic but orally and through other languages words were borrowed from Arabic into the Kyrgyz language before XVI century. After gaining sovereignty as a democratic society Kyrgyzstan was in principle open to the free exercise of religion. The poem was written after gaining sovereignty and it’s essential to study its language, Arabism in particular. Studying Arabic borrowing used in the poem, it has been found out that the author avoided religious terms that are obscure for ordinary readers. Out of 1100 words picked up by T. Abdiev as Arabism from the dictionary complied by K.K. Yudahin, 365 words were used in the poem. The most frequently used words are Muslim, mystery, Mecca and life. It can also be concluded that under the influence of bilingualism etymological doublets appeared in the Kyrgyz language.
Varroa destructor mite Prevalence in Beekeeping Farms in Lankaran-Astara Economic Region of Azerbaijan
Authors: Gazi R.
Published: June 2024

Beekeeping improvements and attention to this subject are considerable in Azerbaijan. It is not correct to indicate only the climate factor as the cause of low productivity and bee losses in honey bees. The presence of a number of pests in bees leads to a decrease in their ability to work, as well as to make them more susceptible to diseases and quickly infected. Among such pests, we can mention the Varroa destructor mite. In our research, the prevalence of the Varroa mite, which is a pest of honey bees, was studied in Jalilabad, Masallli, Yardimli, Lankaran, Lerik and Astara regions of Azerbaijan’s Lankaran-Astara economic region. According to the results, the region with the highest infection rate was Astara and Lankaran, 80%, and the region with the lowest infection rate was 50% in Masalli district.
Ripening and Rotting Heroes: Growth, Decay, and Narrative Abjection in Anthony Trollope's The Small House at Allington and The Last Chronicle of Barset
Authors: Last Stephanie
Published: June 2024

This essay argues that Anthony Trollope introduces a framework of character growth and decay, evinced through organic metaphors of ripening and rotting, to distinguish good and bad characters in The Small House at Allington and The Last Chronicle of Barset. By comparing a developing protagonist with a mature one who enters a phase of decline, we see how Trollope's commitment to nuanced characterisation is disrupted by his didactic aim of designating, and then torturing, patently bad figures. An analysis of the psychologies and aesthetics of character, framed around Julia Kristeva's theory of abjection, shows how Trollope figures two subtly paralleled protagonists as opposites, establishing one as a palatable figure and the other as a nauseating one. The isolation of a rotten character serves a dual purpose: Trollope teaches his moral lessons by subjecting the character to physical, psychological, and structural decay, while narrative progression, culminating in the imperative happy ending, is structured around the abjection of the bad object.
INFERRING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRATITUDE AND MINDSET IN EFL CONTEXT
Authors: WILANG Jeffrey Dawala
Published: June 2024

Gratitude and mindset have recently gained attention in English as a foreign language (EFL) context due to their considerable benefits. This study examines the relationship between gratitude and mindset in language learning among undergraduate EFL students Two online questionnaires were used to evaluate students’ levels of gratitude, growth or fixed mindset, differences in gratitude and mindset based on gender and year level, and relationships among gratitude, growth, and fixed mindsets Using convenience sampling, 106 students completed the questionnaires Descriptive statistics indicated that students demonstrated high levels of gratitude but maintained a fixed mindset Sophomore students emerged as the most grateful, despite also having a fixed mindset Female students exhibited higher levels of gratitude compared to male students, who were more inclined to possess a fixed mindset Correlational statistics showed a significant association between gratitude and a growth mindset Analysis of open-ended question responses about other instances of gratitude experienced in class emphasised the roles of bilingual instruction and peer activities as contributing factors The study concluded with a discussion of pedagogical implications, highlighting the importance of fostering thankfulness in the language classroom and raising awareness of the advantages of adopting a growth language mindset.
HYPERCORRECTION AMONG NATIVE SPEAKERS OF BIDAYUH BIATAH WHEN SPEAKING ENGLISH
Authors: GINYUN Leonardo , KAYAD Florence Gilliam
Published: June 2024

Hypercorrection has been described as a sociolinguistic phenomenon where linguistic overcompensation occurs from the over-application of a perceived rule of language usage prescription. This paper reports a study investigating hypercorrection among younger and older native speakers of Bidayuh Biatah when speaking English. The qualitative study data were collected from eight native speakers of Bidayuh Biatah: four younger participants aged 23 years old and four older participants aged 55 to 69 years old. Hypercorrection was analysed by categorising them into phonological, syntactical, and morphological hypercorrection within the environments in which they occurred. Results showed that participants used all three categories of hypercorrections, with phonological hypercorrection occurring the most, followed by morphological hypercorrection and syntactical hypercorrection. However, the younger participants demonstrated hypercorrection less frequently than the older ones. The tendency to hypercorrect phonologically suggests that younger and older participants prioritised sound correctness when speaking in English, which they considered a prestigious language. This sociolinguistic insight can inform pedagogical practices.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Android Berbantukan Aplikasi SAC
Authors: Hastari Lutvia , Sari Saraswati
Published: June 2024

Pembelajaran matematika menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional atau sistem  pembelajaran teacher-centered (pembelajaran berpusat pada guru) yaitu metode ceramah diskusi dan pemberian soal dapat membuat siswa merasa bosan, bahkan cenderung tidak menyukai pelajaran tersebut dan menganggap bahwa pelaran matematika begitu sulit dan siswa cenderung pasif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media berbasis android. Pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar. Adapun jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan uji coba dengan kelompok besar dan kecil yang dipilih dari kelas yang berbeda. Teknis pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, dokumentasi, angket dan tes. Data penelitian yaitu berupa nilai dari hasil validasi ahli serta dari angket responden. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media  dikembangkan mencapai presentase nilai rata-rata 83,38% dengan kategori sangat valid. Sedangkapn kepraktisan pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepraktisan dalam kategori baik berdasarkan hasil presentase nilai rata-rata imbal balik dari guru dan siswa masing-masing sebesar 79,77% dan 79,33%. Selain itu, keefektifan media pembelajaran diperoleh dari hasil belajar siswa dengan ketuntasan nilai kelas mencapai 78,57%.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Editing Video Multicam Mahasiswa PKL Di Vendor Sudiantara13 Video And Photography
Authors: Eka Putra I Gede Sujana , Labasariyani Ni Luh Putu
Published: June 2024

Video editing dengan multi kamera merupakan teknik mensunting video hasil dari dua kamera atau lebih, yang sedang merekam sebuah kejadian atau adegan secara bersamaan, untuk menghasilkan komposisi video. Editing video ini dilakukan secara offline dengan memanfaatkan feature multicamera dan marker pada software video editing adobe premiere pro. Penulis mengadakan pelatihan sebagai kegiatan praktek kerja lapangan mahasiswa STMIK STIKOM Indonesia tentang pengeditan video dengan multikamera dan perangkat lunak menggunakan Adobe Premiere Pro versi Creative suite 3. Adapun tahapan dalam melakukan editing, menggunakan teknik multikamera adalah setelah file hasil rekaman diimport pada jendela project (file-import), kemudian file tersebut dimasukkan ke arah channel video timeline.  Metode yang digunakan adalah metode demonstrasi dan pemberian tugas menggunakan rancangan Hopkins. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan analisis kwantitatif prestasi belajar Mahasiswa siklus I, rata-rata (mean) nya adalah 56, Median (titik tengahnya) adalah 50, Modus (angka yang paling sering muncul) adalah 50. Pada tindakan siklus II peneliti giat merencanakan kembali hal-hal yang belum dapat direncanakan yang meliputi menyiapkan bahan-bahan pendukung pembelajaran seperti membuat susunan materi yang lebih menarik dan memberikan sample hasil editing multicam. Analisis kwantitatif prestasi belajar siswa siklus II rata-rata (Mean)nya adalah 79, Median (titik tengahnya) adalah 85, sedangkan Modusnya adalah 85.
From Waste To Worth: Pelatihan Transformasi Sampah Rumah Tangga Untuk Mencapai Keberlanjutan di Kelurahan Tembesi Kota Batam
Authors: Aranski Alvendo Wahyu , Akmarul Putera Dimas , Agung Dermawan Aulia , Sunarsono Hery , Jufri Muhammad , Kremer Hendri , Indra Lesmana Naufal , Dwi Maharani Suci
Published: June 2024

Terbatasnya tempat penampungan sampah yang ada di kota Batam menjadi sebuah masalah serius yang harus segera diatasi. Diprediksi ditahun 2035, tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) yang ada di Punggur, tidak mampu lagi menampung sampah yang dibawa kesana. Dalam menjaga dan melestarikan lingkungan, diperlukanlah suatu metode atau tatanan hidup baru dimana setiap individu mampu membuat keberlangsungan dari sampah yang dihasilkan. Sudah banyak kegiatan pengabdian dan program pemerintah untuk mengatur dan mengelola sampah. Salah satunya adalah dengan diadakannya bank sampah. Namun juga ada cara yang lebih menarik lagi dan memiliki nilai jual dari kegiatan pengolahan sampah. Dengan mengolah sampah sisa makanan yang dihasilkan menjadi pupuk organik cair dan kompos, dapat membantu pemerintah khususnya warga Batam dalam memanfaatkan kembali apa yang sudah dihasilkan untuk kegunaan lain. Dengan dihasilkannya pupuk dari sampah yang sudah dihasilkan, diharapkan kedepannya dapat mengurangi jumlah tumbukan sampah yang akan dibuang ke TPA. Program ini dapat menjadi salah satu usaha bagi warga yang mau dan bersedia dalam menekuni kegiatan ini. Kegiatan ini diharapkan juga dapat menumbuhkan kesadaran dan kepedulian warga terhadap masalah sampah yang sewaktu-waktu bisa menjadi musibah bagi warga juga
An investigation of a novel milk allergy-friendly food supplement program
Authors: Golding Michael A. , Bhamra Manvir , Harbottle Zoe , Ben-Shoshan Moshe , Gerdts Jennifer D. , Roos Leslie E. , Abrams Elissa M. , Penner Sara J. , St-Vincent Jo-Anne , Protudjer Jennifer L. P.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Compared to households not managing food allergy, households managing food allergy are faced with greater direct and indirect costs. To address these cost burdens, we developed and piloted a milk allergy-friendly food supplement program for lower- and middle-income households managing a dairy allergy in a child age <6 years. Herein, we aimed to evaluate to the impact of this program on food costs, food security, and caregiver mental health using a longitudinal design.

Methods

Participants living in or near the city of Winnipeg, in Manitoba, Canada were recruited from January to February 2022 via social media, word-of-mouth, and a database maintained by the principal investigator. Consenting participants took part in a 6-month allergen-friendly food supplement program that provided them with biweekly deliveries of allergen-friendly foods free of charge. To evaluate the impact of the program on food costs, food security, and well-being, participants completed a series of questionnaires at baseline, mid-point, and at the end of the program. Changes in these variables were assessed via a series of Friedman tests.

Results

The final sample was comprised of 8 households. Relative to baseline, participants reported higher total direct food costs at midpoint (+5.6%) and endpoint (+13.5%), but these changes did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, total indirect food costs decreased over the course of the study relative to baseline (midpoint = −28.2%; endpoint = −18.5%), but the changes were not found to be statistically significant. Participants did, however, report a statistically significant decrease in costs related to lost time from work or school as a result of their child's food allergy at endpoint relative to baseline (−100%). Few changes in food security, caregiver well-being, or child food allergy quality of life were noted.

Discussion

The provision of allergen-friendly foods helped keep grocery costs below the pace of inflation. Participants also reported reduced costs associated with missed time from work or school as a result of their child's food allergy. Despite these encouraging findings, a relatively high proportion of the current sample reported experiencing food insecurity throughout the study period, suggesting that additional financial support for families is needed.
Spatial analysis for water supply in seismic emergencies: the Lima-Callao metropolitan area
Authors: Santa-Cruz Sandra , Fernández de Córdova Graciela , Vilela Marta , Pajuelo José , Santa-María María , Muñoz Kevin
Published: June 2024

Introduction: In urban areas exposed to high-magnitude earthquakes, the drinking water supply would be severely damaged, and domestic services would be disrupted for a large part of the population in the event of an earthquake. The Lima-Callao metropolitan area in Peru, South America, is expected to experience an 8.8 Mw earthquake, and it is estimated that approximately 90% of the population would not have immediate access to emergency water in the case of such an event. The main objective of this paper is to define criteria for a spatial analysis method to guide the design criteria for an Emergency Water Supply System (EWaSS).

Methods: This paper combines territorial, urban resilience and participatory approaches and presents the results of an interdisciplinary research with social impact. Thus, it examines the urban territory at macro-, meso- and micro scales; physical-spatial variables indicating risk levels and possible public spaces to implement the system; and socio-spatial variables regarding the population, risk perception and participation in management to strengthen urban resilience. Normative tools and the Geographic Information System are used to spatialize and systematize quantitative and qualitative information.

Results and discussion: The EWaSS is an alternative for safe water supply in a post-disaster situation that would provide immediate and autonomous operation during the first 72 h of the emergency. The results show the physical-spatial and social viability of urbanized areas and the system design criteria that guide local actors in making decisions at the three levels of emergency management.
Role of leukocyte parameters in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with high thrombus burden
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Shixing , Yu Jin , Xu Jingsong , Xu Yan
Published: June 2024

Objective

Leukocyte parameters are associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of leukocyte parameters in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) with high thrombus burden (HTB).

Methods

A total of 102 consecutive STEMI patients with HTB who underwent PPCI within 12 h from the onset of symptoms between June 2020 and September 2021 were enrolled in this study. In addition, 101 age- and sex-matched STEMI patients with low thrombus burden (LTB) who underwent PPCI within 12 h from the onset of symptoms were enrolled as controls. Leukocyte parameters, such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), were calculated at the time of admission.

Results

The value of NLR and MLR were significantly higher in the HTB group than in the LTB group (6.24 ± 4.87 vs. 4.65 ± 3.47, p = 0.008; 0.40 ± 0.27 vs. 0.33 ± 0.20, p = 0.038). A cutoff value of >5.38 for NLR had a sensitivity and specificity of 53.9% and 74.3%, respectively, and MLR >0.29 had a sensitivity and specificity of 60.8% and 55.4%, respectively, for determining the STEMI patients with HTB [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.603, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.524–0.681, p = 0.012; AUC: 0.578, 95% CI: 0.499–0.656, p = 0.046]. There was no significant difference of all-cause mortality rate and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) between the STEMI patients with HTB or with LTB (3.92% in HTB group vs. 2.97% in LTB group, p = 0.712; 10.78% in HTB group vs. 8.91% in LTB group, p = 0.215). Compared with the HTB patients in the low NLR group, C-reactive protein, baseline troponin I, baseline brain natriuretic peptide, and leukocyte parameters, such as white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, NLR, PLR, and MLR, were also significantly higher in the high NLR group in STEMI patients who underwent PPCI with HTB (18.94 ± 19.06 vs. 35.23 ± 52.83, p = 0.037; 10.99 ± 18.07 vs. 21.37 ± 19.64, p = 0.007; 199.39 ± 323.67 vs. 430.72 ± 683.59, p = 0.028; 11.55 ± 3.56 vs. 9.31 ± 2.54, p = 0.001; 9.77 ± 3.17 vs. 5.79 ± 1.97, p = 0.000; 1.16 ± 0.44 vs. 2.69 ± 1.23, p = 0.000; 9.37 ± 4.60 vs 1.31 ± 2.58, p = 0.000; 200.88 ± 89.90 vs. 97.47 ± 50.99, p = 0.000; 0.52 ± 0.29 vs. 0.26 ± 0.14, p = 0.000, respectively). MACEs and heart failure in the high NLR group were significantly higher than that in the low NLR group of STEMI patients who underwent PPCI with HTB (20.45% vs. 4.25%, p = 0.041; 10.91% vs. 2.13%, p = 0.038).

Conclusion

The value of NLR and MLR were higher in STEMI patients who underwent PPCI with HTB. In STEMI patients who underwent PPCI with HTB, a raised NLR could effectively predict the occurrence of MACEs and heart failure.
The causal relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, and renal clear cell carcinoma: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cui Hongbin , Du Junji , Xue Hongbo , Zhao Yingjian , Li Chengwen
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Observational studies have found a correlation between the consumption of tobacco and alcohol and the likelihood of developing renal cell carcinoma. However, whether these associations indicate causal relationships is unclear.

Methods: To establish if these connections indicate causal relationships, we performed a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis using a two-sample approach. For the number of daily cigarettes, lifetime smoking index, smoking initiation, and weekly drinking, we employed 44, 108, 174, and 76 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables. Outcome data were obtained from the FinnGen Alliance, which included a combined total of 429,290 individuals. The MR analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method to estimate causal effects. To address potential violations of MR assumptions due to directional pleiotropy, we performed MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO (Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier) analysis.

Results: Genetically influenced smoking initiation was directly associated with the risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.04–2.33; p = 0.03). No causal relationship was found between daily cigarette consumption and lifetime smoking index with the risk of renal cell cancer. Genetic predisposition for weekly alcohol consumption showed a reduced risk of renal cell cancer (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26–0.81; p = 0.007).

Discussion: Our study suggests a potential causal relationship between alcohol consumption and reduced risk of renal cell cancer, while no such association was observed with smoking. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy on bone metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Abbott Annalise G. , Meyers Daniel E. , Elmi-Assadzadeh Golpira , Stukalin Igor , Marro Alessandro , Puloski Shannon K. T. , Morris Don G. , Cheung Winson Y. , Monument Michael J.
Published: June 2024

Background

Bone metastases (BoMs) are prevalent in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) however, there are limited data detailing how BoMs respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The purpose of this study was to compare the imaging response to ICIs of BoMs against visceral metastases and to evaluate the effect of BoMs on survival.

Materials and methods

A retrospective, multicentre cohort study was conducted in patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab in Alberta, Canada from 2015 to 2020. The primary endpoint was the real-world organ specific progression free survival (osPFS) of bone versus visceral metastases. Visceral metastases were categorized as adrenal, brain, liver, lung, lymph node, or other intra-abdominal lesions. The secondary outcome was overall survival (OS) amongst patients with and without BoMs.

Results

A total of 573 patients were included of which all patients had visceral metastases and 243 patients (42.4%) had BoMs. High PD-L1 expression was identified in 268 patients (46.8%). No significant difference in osPFS was observed between bone, liver, and intra-abdominal metastases (p=0.20 and p=0.76, respectively), with all showing shorter osPFS than other disease sites. There was no difference in the osPFS of extra-thoracic sites of disease in patients with high PD-L1 expression. There was significant discordance between visceral disease response and bone disease response to ICI (p=0.047). The presence of BoMs was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS (HR 1.26, 95%CI: 1.05–1.53, p=0.01).

Conclusion

Metastatic bone, liver, and intra-abdominal lesions demonstrated inferior clinical responses to ICI relative to other sites of disease. Additionally, the presence of bone and liver metastases were independent poor prognostic factors for overall survival. This real-world data suggests that BoMs respond poorly to ICI and may require treatment adjuncts for disease control.
Extracellular matrix remodelling pathway in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from severe COVID-19 patients: an explorative study
Authors: Murphy Sarah Louise , Balzer Nora Reka , Ranheim Trine , Sagen Ellen Lund , Huse Camilla , Bjerkeli Vigdis , Michelsen Annika E. , Finbråten Ane-Kristine , Heggelund Lars , Dyrhol-Riise Anne Ma , Tveita Anders , Holten Aleksander Rygh , Trøseid Marius , Ueland Thor , Ulas Thomas , Aukrust Pål , Barratt-Due Andreas , Halvorsen Bente , Dahl Tuva Børresdatter
Published: June 2024

There is a reciprocal relationship between extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and inflammation that could be operating in the progression of severe COVID-19. To explore the immune-driven ECM remodelling in COVID-19, we in this explorative study analysed these interactions in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. RNA sequencing and flow analysis were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Inflammatory mediators in plasma were measured by ELISA and MSD, and clinical information from hospitalised COVID-19 patients (N=15) at admission was included in the analysis. Further, we reanalysed two publicly available datasets: (1) lung tissue RNA-sequencing dataset (N=5) and (2) proteomics dataset from PBCM. ECM remodelling pathways were enriched in PBMC from COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Patients treated at the intensive care unit (ICU) expressed distinct ECM remodelling gene profiles compared to patients in the hospital ward. Several markers were strongly correlated to immune cell subsets, and the dysregulation in the ICU patients was positively associated with plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and negatively associated with B-cell activating factors. Finally, our analysis of publicly accessible datasets revealed (i) an augmented ECM remodelling signature in inflamed lung tissue compared to non-inflamed tissue and (ii) proteomics analysis of PBMC from severe COVID-19 patients demonstrated an up-regulation in an ECM remodelling pathway. Our results may suggest the presence of an interaction between ECM remodelling, inflammation, and immune cells, potentially initiating or perpetuating pulmonary pathology in severe COVID-19.
Topological and lattice-based AM optimization for improving the structural efficiency of robotic arms
Authors: Batista Rafael Cavicchioli , Agarwal Abhishek , Gurung Adash , Kumar Ajay , Altarazi Faisal , Dogra Namrata , H. M. Vishwanatha , Chiniwar Dundesh S. , Agrawal Ashish
Published: June 2024

The robotic arm is one of the vital components of robot assembly. The purpose of the robotic arm is to transmit power and conduct the desired motion, i.e., translation or rotation. Robotic limbs are designed and constructed to execute certain tasks with a high degree of speed, accuracy, and efficiency. This research focuses on to enhancing the strength-to-weight ratio of robotic arm using certain techniques of additive manufacturing, i.e., topology optimization and lattice structure. Employing the finite element analysis, the impact of weight reduction optimization on structural parameters such as stress and deformation in the current design is assessed using ANSYS R18.1 for FE analysis and Creo parametric 7.0 design software for computer-aided design modeling. Observations reveal that the 0.5 and .4 scale lattice structure designs have deformation of 0.01453mm and 0.01453 mm respectively though the generic design has 0.01043 mm deformation. Notably, the 0.5 scale lattice of the robotic arm exhibits a 31.08% higher equivalent stress than the generic design with 29.3%. reduction in mass of the robotic arm. These findings highlight the efficacy of lattice structures for optimizing the robotic arm’s performance, contributing to advancements in power-efficient robot assembly processes.
Comparative analysis of prognostic scoring systems in predicting severity and outcomes of Omicron variant COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Ni Ruiqin , Zhong Mingmei , Xie Mengrong , Ding Zhen
Published: June 2024

Background

The global spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) underscores the urgent need for reliable methods to forecast the disease’s severity and outcome, thereby facilitating timely interventions and reducing mortality rates. This study focuses on evaluating the clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with Omicron variant-induced COVID-19 pneumonia and assessing the efficacy of various scoring systems in prognosticating disease severity and mortality.

Methods

In this retrospective analysis, we examined the clinical records of 409 individuals diagnosed with Omicron variant COVID-19 pneumonia. We documented the Pneumonia Severity Index, CURB-65, and MuLBSTA scores within the first 24 h and analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each scoring system to ascertain their predictive accuracy for disease severity and fatality risk.

Results

The cohort’s median age was 78 years, predominantly presenting with fever, cough, expectoration, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Factors such as expectoration, fatigue, Glasgow Coma Scale score, lactate dehydrogenase levels, procalcitonin, creatinine levels, and co-occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome were identified as independent predictors of disease severity. Furthermore, age, oxygenation index, glucose levels, lactate dehydrogenase, and septic shock were independently associated with mortality. For severe disease prediction, the CURB-65, PSI, and MuLBSTA scores demonstrated sensitivities of 65.9%, 63.8%, and 79.7%, respectively, with specificities of 63.8%, 76.8%, and 60.9%, and AUROCs of 0.707, 0.750, and 0.728. To predict mortality risk, these scores at cutoffs of 1.5, 102.5, and 12.5 exhibited sensitivities of 83.3%, 96.3%, and 70.4%, specificities of 59.4%, 60.8%, and 65.4%, and AUROCs of 0.787, 0.850, and 0.736, respectively.

Conclusion

The study cohort predominantly comprised elderly individuals with pre-existing health conditions. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase emerged as a significant marker for both disease severity and prognosis, sputum production, gastrointestinal symptoms, GCS score, creatinine, PCT, and ARDS as independent predictors of disease severity, and age, oxygenation index, glucose levels, and septic shock as independent mortality predictors in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Among the scoring systems evaluated, Pneumonia Severity Index demonstrated superior predictive capability for both disease severity and mortality, suggesting its utility in forecasting the clinical outcomes of Omicron variant COVID-19 pneumonia.
Association between consumption of flavonol and its subclasses and chronic kidney disease in US adults: an analysis based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2017–2018
Authors: Liu Peijia , Tang Leile , Li Guixia , Wu Xiaoyu , Hu Feng , Peng Wujian
Published: June 2024

Background

There is little research on the relationship between flavonol consumption and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to examine the link between flavonol consumption and the risk of CKD among US adults, using data from the 2007–2008, 2009–2010 and 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

A cross-sectional approach was used, drawing on data from three NHANES cycles. The flavonol consumption of the participants in this study was assessed using a 48 h dietary recall interview. CKD was diagnosed based on an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 mg/g or higher.

Results

Compared to the lowest quartile of flavonol intake (Q1), the odds ratios for CKD were 0.598 (95% CI: 0.349, 1.023) for the second quartile (Q2), 0.679 (95% CI: 0.404, 1.142) for the third quartile (Q3), and 0.628 (95% CI: 0.395, 0.998) for the fourth quartile (Q4), with a p value for trend significance of 0.190. In addition, there was a significant trend in CKD risk with isorhamnetin intake, with the odds ratios for CKD decreasing to 0.860 (95% CI: 0.546, 1.354) in the second quartile, 0.778 (95% CI: 0.515, 1.177) in the third quartile, and 0.637 (95% CI: 0.515, 1.177) in the fourth quartile (p for trend = 0.013).

Conclusion

Our analysis of the NHANES data spanning 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2017–2018 suggests that high consumption of dietary flavonol, especially isorhamnetin, might be linked to a lower risk of CKD in US adults. These findings offer new avenues for exploring strategies for managing CKD.
Flavonoids intake and weight-adjusted waist index: insights from a cross-sectional study of NHANES
Authors: Zu Shuang , Yang Meiling , Li Xiude , Wu Hanhan , Li Xunliang , Fan Yunshan , Wang Deguang , Zhang Bao
Published: June 2024

This study conducted data on 15,446 adults to explore the impact of flavonoids on weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). This was a nationwide cross-sectional study among US adults aged 20 years or older. Dietary intake of flavonoids was assessed through 24-h recall questionnaire. WWI was calculated by dividing waist circumference (WC) by the square root of weight. We utilized weighted generalized linear regression to evaluate the association between flavonoids intake and WWI, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) to explore potential non-linear relationships. Our findings indicated that individuals with lower WWI experienced a notable increase in their consumption of total flavonoids, flavanones, flavones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanidins intake (β (95% CI); −0.05(−0.09, −0.01); −0.07(−0.13, 0.00); −0.07(−0.11, −0.02); −0.06(−0.11, 0.00); −0.13(−0.18, −0.08), respectively), with the exception of flavonols and isoflavones. Additionally, consumption of total flavonoids, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, and flavan-3-ols had a non-linear relationship with WWI (all P for non-linearity < 0.05). Furthermore, the effect of total flavonoids on WWI varied in race (P for interaction = 0.011), gender (P for interaction = 0.038), and poverty status (P for interaction = 0.002). These findings suggested that increase the intake of flavonoids might prevent abdominal obesity, but further prospective studies are requested before dietary recommendation.
Association of dietary vitamin C consumption with severe headache or migraine among adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999–2004
Authors: Zheng Yafang , Jin Jing , Wei Chuanxiang , Huang Chunyuan
Published: June 2024

Background

An antioxidant-rich diet has been shown to protect against migraines in previous research. However, little has been discovered regarding the association between migraines and vitamin C (an essential dietary antioxidant). This study assessed the dietary vitamin C intake among adult migraineurs in the United States to determine if there is a correlation between migraine incidence and vitamin C consumption in adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional research encompassed adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2004, providing detailed information on their dietary vitamin C intake as well as their history of severe headaches or migraines. The study used weighted multivariable and logistic regression analyses to find an independent connection between vitamin C consumption and severe headache or migraine. Tests of interactions and subgroup analysis were conducted.

Results

Among the 13,445 individuals in the sample, 20.42% had a severe headache or migraine. In fully adjusted models, dietary vitamin C consumption was substantially linked negatively with severe headache or migraine (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91–0.98, p = 0.0007). Compared to quartile 1, quartile 4 had 22% fewer odds of having a severe headache or migraine (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.69–0.89, p = 0.0002). Subgroup analyses showed a significant difference between vitamin C intake and severe headaches or migraines by gender (p for interaction < 0.01).

Conclusion

Reduced risk of severe headaches or migraines may be associated with increased consumption of vitamin C.
Associations of vitamin D status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in long-term prescription opioid users
Authors: Dai Shan , Wu Junpeng , Wang Peng , Hu Zhenhua
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and mortality in long-term prescription opioid users.

Methods

The study included 1856 long-term prescription opioid users from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2001–2018). Mortality status were determined by matching with the National Death Index (NDI) records until December 31, 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess the association.

Results

Over a median follow-up period of 7.75 years, there were 443 cases of all-cause mortality, including 135 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths and 94 cancer deaths. After multivariable adjustment, participants with serum 25(OH)D concentrations within 50.00 to <75.00 nmol/L and ≥ 75 nmol/L had a lower risk of all-cause mortality, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29, 0.86) and 0.54 (95% CI 0.32, 0.90), respectively. Nevertheless, no significant association was found between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and the risk of CVD or cancer mortality. The RCS analysis revealed a non-linear association of serum 25(OH)D concentration with all-cause mortality (p for non-linear = 0.01). Per 1-unit increment in those with serum 25(OH)D concentrations <62.17 nmol/L corresponded to a 2% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI 0.97, 1.00), but not changed significantly when 25(OH)D concentrations ≥62.17 nmol/L.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a non-linear association existed between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and all-cause mortality in long-term prescription opioid users. Maintaining serum 25(OH)D concentrations ≥62.17 nmol/L may be beneficial in preventing all-cause mortality in this population.
Naringenin as potent anticancer phytocompound in breast carcinoma: from mechanistic approach to nanoformulations based therapeutics
Authors: Elsori Deena , Pandey Pratibha , Ramniwas Seema , Kumar Rahul , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Rab Safia Obaidur , Siddiqui Samra , Singh Ajay , Saeed Mohd , Khan Fahad
Published: June 2024

The bioactive compounds present in citrus fruits are gaining broader acceptance in oncology. Numerous studies have deciphered naringenin’s antioxidant and anticancer potential in human and animal studies. Naringenin (NGE) potentially suppresses cancer progression, thereby improving the health of cancer patients. The pleiotropic anticancer properties of naringenin include inhibition of the synthesis of growth factors and cytokines, inhibition of the cell cycle, and modification of several cellular signaling pathways. As an herbal remedy, naringenin has significant pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-cancer activities. The inactivation of carcinogens following treatment with pure naringenin, naringenin-loaded nanoparticles, and naringenin combined with anti-cancer agents was demonstrated by data in vitro and in vivo studies. These studies included colon cancer, lung neoplasms, breast cancer, leukemia and lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate tumors, oral squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer, brain tumors, skin cancer, cervical and ovarian cancers, bladder neoplasms, gastric cancer, and osteosarcoma. The effects of naringenin on processes related to inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion in breast cancer are covered in this narrative review, along with its potential to develop novel and secure anticancer medications.
Environmental and geographical factors influencing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 over 2 years: a fine-scale spatiotemporal analysis
Authors: De Ridder David , Ladoy Anaïs , Choi Yangji , Jacot Damien , Vuilleumier Séverine , Guessous Idris , Joost Stéphane , Greub Gilbert
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Since its emergence in late 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to a global health crisis, affecting millions and reshaping societies and economies worldwide. Investigating the determinants of SARS-CoV-2 diffusion and their spatiotemporal dynamics at high spatial resolution is critical for public health and policymaking.

Methods

This study analyses 194,682 georeferenced SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests from March 2020 and April 2022 in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. We characterized five distinct pandemic periods using metrics of spatial and temporal clustering like inverse Shannon entropy, the Hoover index, Lloyd’s index of mean crowding, and the modified space–time DBSCAN algorithm. We assessed the demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors contributing to cluster persistence during each period using eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), to consider non-linear and spatial effects.

Results

Our findings reveal important variations in the spatial and temporal clustering of cases. Notably, areas with flatter epidemics had higher total attack rate. Air pollution emerged as a factor showing a consistent positive association with higher cluster persistence, substantiated by both immission models and, to a lesser extent, tropospheric NO2 estimations. Factors including population density, testing rates, and geographical coordinates, also showed important positive associations with higher cluster persistence. The socioeconomic index showed no significant contribution to cluster persistence, suggesting its limited role in the observed dynamics, which warrants further research.

Discussion

Overall, the determinants of cluster persistence remained across the study periods. These findings highlight the need for effective air quality management strategies to mitigate air pollution’s adverse impacts on public health, particularly in the context of respiratory viral diseases like COVID-19.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the self-care and health condition of the older adults. CUIDAMOS+75. A mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Rico-Blazquez Milagros , Esteban-Sepúlveda Silvia , Sánchez-Ruano Raquel , Aritztegui-Echenique Ana María , Artigues-Barbera Eva María , Brito-Brito Pedro Ruymán , Casado-Ramirez Elvira , Cidoncha-Moreno María Ángeles , Fabregat-Julve María Inmaculada , Feria-Raposo Isabel , Hernandez-Pascual Montserrat , Lozano-Hernández Cristina , Moreno-Casbas María Teresa , Otones-Reyes Pedro , Palmar-Santos Ana María , Pedraz-Marcos Azucena , Romero-Rodriguez Esperanza María , Solé-Agustí María Cristina , Taltavull-Aparicio Joana María , Vidal-Thomas María Clara , Gonzalez-Chorda Víctor Manuel ,   Cuidamos+75 Group
Published: June 2024

Aims

To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health condition of people ≥75 years of age and on their family caregivers in Spain.

Design

Multicentric, mixed method concurrent study.

Methods

This work, which will be conducted within the primary care setting in 11 administrative regions of Spain, will include three coordinated studies with different methodologies. The first is a population-based cohort study that will use real-life data to analyze the rates and evolution of health needs, care provision, and services utilization before, during, and after the pandemic. The second is a prospective cohort study with 18 months of follow-up that will evaluate the impact of COVID-19 disease on mortality, frailty, functional and cognitive capacity, and quality of life of the participants. Finally, the third will be a qualitative study with a critical social approach to understand and interpret the social, political, and economic dimensions associated with the use of health services during the pandemic. We have followed the SPIRIT Checklist to address trial protocol and related documents. This research is being funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III since 2021 and was approved by its ethics committee (June 2022).

Discussion

The study findings will reveal the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the older adults and their caregivers. This information will serve policymakers to adapt health policies to the needs of this population in situations of maximum stress, such as that produced by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Trial Registration

Identifier: NCT05249868 [ClinicalTrials.gov].