bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Electrical Conductivity of Severely Drawn AA1070 Wire with Annealing
Authors: Jo Sang-Hyeon , Lee Seong-Hee
Published: October 2024

The drawing process severely deforms commercial AA1070 alloy for electrical wire, reducing a rod from a diameter of 2.0 mm to 0.4 mm, followed by annealing. The annealing process was conducted at various temperatures ranging from 200℃ to 450℃, with each temperature maintained for 1hour. The effects of increasing annealing temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical properties of the Al wire were investigated in detail. The drawn Al wire showed a severely deformed microstructure and fiber texture that {110}<111> and {112}<111> components strongly developed. As the annealing temperature increased, the deformation structure changed into recrystallization structure over all regions. However, the fiber texture still strongly remained even in the specimens annealed at higher temperatures. The hardness decreased with increasing annealing temperature due to the occurrence of recovery and/or recrystallization. The strength also continued to decrease as the annealing temperature increased. However, elongation gradually increased with increase of annealing temperature to 250℃; above 275℃, it increased particularly sharply. The electric conductivity tended to increase slightly with increasing annealing temperature, reaching a maximum value of 62.2%IACS at 300℃. Changes in microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity with annealing of commercially drawn AA1070 were compared with those of the previous study.
Effect of HIP on Creep Properties in the Single Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Won Young-Wan , Gu Ji-Ho , Lee Je-Hyun
Published: October 2024

The Rene N5 is a second-generation single crystal superalloy containing 3wt% Re, commonly used in gas turbine blades for power generation at temperatures up to 1600°C due to its excellent creep life. Generally, single crystal (SX) and directionally solidified (DS) blades are not applied to hot isostatic pressing (HIP) because their porosities are lower than conventionally cast (CC) blades, and it causes recrystallization issue. However, in this study, HIP was chosen as a candidate to improve the mechanical properties of the second-generation single crystal superalloy Rene N5. HIP followed by ultra-rapid cooling rate of 660K/minute was applied in an attempt to address this issue. This approach was expected to enhance creep rupture properties through pore reduction and microstructural homogenization. Furthermore, by setting the HIP temperature and time identical to the solution treatment condition, the possibility of replacing solution treatment with HIP was discussed. As results of creep rupture tests, the rupture life was excellent in the order of specimens treated with HIP + solution + aging, solution + aging, and HIP + aging treatments. It is interesting that this is found to be primarily influenced by the size and shape of carbides and γ’ phases, with the effects of crystallographic orientation, shrinkage porosity, and eutectic phase being negligible.
Effect of Adding W Nanopowder to Inhibit Sintering of Ni Nanopowder for MLCC
Authors: Lee Joonwoon , Min Guensik , Lee Sungmin , Ann Yunggyu , Han Heung Nam
Published: October 2024

Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) are essential fundamental components in electronic devices, enabling miniaturization and high capacitance for energy storage and filtering. A key focus in MLCC research is enhancing capacitance density, for which improving the connectivity of Ni internal electrodes is imperative. The primary cause of reduced electrode connectivity in MLCCs is the sintering shrinkage mismatch between Ni internal electrodes and dielectric materials. In this study, we propose a method to mitigate the sintering shrinkage mismatch between the Ni internal electrodes and dielectric materials by incorporating W nanopowder into Ni to retard the sintering shrinkage of the Ni nanopowder. The degree of sintering retardation due to the increase in W content was quantified through measurements of shrinkage rate, density, and porosity, confirming the retarded sintering of Ni. Particularly, microstructural analysis and phase analysis were conducted to elucidate the role of W during the dissolution and sintering processes. Furthermore, the activation energy of each sintering stage was determined, with an analysis of the sintering retardation mechanism induced by W. Additionally, similar sheet resistance values before and after the addition of W were obtained through electrical resistance measurements, and results suggested that the incorporation of W effectively retards the sintering of Ni while enabling its function as an internal electrode in MLCCs.
Effect of Al Addition to Mg Melt on Microstructure of Mg-Ti Composites in Liquid Metal Dealloying Process
Authors: Jang Jee Eun , Joo Soo Hyun , Park Sung Hyuk
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effect of adding Al to Mg molten metal on the microstructural characteristics and hardness of Mg-Ti composites fabricated via a liquid metal dealloying (LMD) process. The addition of Al to the Mg melt significantly reduces the dealloying rate of Cu in a Ti30Cu70 precursor during LMD. The rapid reaction of Al atoms with Ti results in the formation of a Ti3Al phase, which in turn inhibits the spinodal decomposition of Ti and Cu. This inhibition decreases the formation rate of α-Mg channels, thereby slowing down the dealloying process of Cu. As a result, as the Al content in the Mg melt increases from 0 to 3 to 6 wt%, the residual Cu content in the composite substantially increases from 0 to 42 wt%. The main phases comprising the composite change from Mg and Ti for the composite using a pure Mg melt to TixCuy, TixAly, and MgxCuy for the composites using Mg-Al melts. The hardnesses of the composites fabricated using the Mg-3Al and Mg-6Al melts are 344 and 354 Hv, respectively, which are more than twice that of the composite fabricated using the pure Mg melt (116 Hv). These results demonstrate that adding small amounts of Al to Mg melt considerably influences the dealloying behavior during LMD as well as the resultant microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-Ti composite.
High Temperature Wear Property of Ta-10W Alloy
Authors: Kang Tae-Hoon , Park Jung Hyo , Kim Kyu-Sik , Lee Kee-Ahn
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the high-temperature wear characteristics of Ta-10W alloy, composed of 90% tantalum and 10% tungsten, known for its high melting point, excellent corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance. Wear tests were conducted using a ball-on-disc method with alumina balls at temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, 600°C, and 700°C. The results indicated that wear loss decreased (increasing wear resistance) from 200°C to 600°C due to the lubrication effect by oxide particles induced by Ta2O5, which enhanced wear resistance. However, at 700°C, a significant increase in wear loss was observed due to excessive oxide formation and the occurrence of cracks. Calculation of the wear rate revealed that it decreased as the temperature increased to 2.12×10-4 mm3· N-1· m-1 at 200 °C, 2.67×10-5 mm3·N-1·m-1 at 400 °C, and 4.21×10-6 mm3· N-1· m-1 at 600 °C. On the other hand, the wear rate increased at 700 °C to 3.87×10-4 mm3· N-1· m-1. The wear track analysis results revealed distinct wear mechanisms at different temperatures. At 200°C, abrasive wear characterized by pits and furrows was dominant. At 400°C, adhesive wear became more prevalent with cleavage worn surfaces compared to the wear pattern at 200°C. At 600°C, fragmented oxides indicating pest oxidation were noted, while at 700°C, deep pits and cracks along with fragmented oxides were prevalent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results showed the presence of the α-Ta phase at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C, with peak shifts indicating lattice expansion. In contrast, at 700°C, Ta2O5 peaks were present. Based on the findings, the high-temperature wear mechanism of Ta-10W alloy was also discussed.
GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG DAGUSIBU OBAT DI KAMPUNG MARGOYUDAN KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Mursiany Anita , Avrila Nesya , Umboro Recta Olivia
Published: October 2024

One of the most pressing needs of the community is medicine. People can buy medicines without a doctor's prescription or get them with a doctor's prescription. Until now, many people have purchased medicines independently without first consulting a medical professional. Due to ignorance and lack of information, this can result in cases of irrational drug use. Get, Use, Store, and Dispose (DAGUSIBU) medicine is a program designed to help families be aware of medicine. The purpose of this study is to determine how much knowledge the community in Margoyudan Village, Surakarta City, has about DAGUSIBU medicine. Purposive sampling was used in this study to select participants in a descriptive quantitative research design using questionnaires distributed to residents of Margoyudan Village. The percentage of correct answers was then analyzed and used to calculate the level of knowledge. Based on the results of the study, the general public's understanding of DAGUSIBU medicine in Margoyudan Village fell into three categories: good (68%), fair (23.9%), and poor (7.9%).
A Simple Heuristic Approach for Step Fixed Charge Bulk Transportation Problem
Authors: . Shivani , Chauhan Sudhir Kumar , Tuli Renu
Published: October 2024

The classical transportation problem (CTP) is a particular kind of optimization problem. It involves determining the most cost-effective way to transport a uniform product from several suppliers (sources) to several consumers (destinations). In the real-world scenario, transportation of goods often involves fulfilling the demand of multiple destinations from a single source. However, a source can fulfill the demand of multiple destinations, which is known as bulk transportation problem. Sometimes, the shipment of these goods involves some fixed cost along with a variable cost. Generally, in logistics and transportation, a fixed charge denotes an unchanging expense incurred each time a shipment is sent from one location to another, irrespective of the shipment's volume. Fixed charges can include costs such as setup costs, handling costs, loading or unloading costs or any other costs that remain constant regardless of shipment volume. This fixed cost was earlier in-curred in the context of classical transportation problems only. In literature, the fixed cost was not introduced in the bulk transportation problem (BTP) which should be an essential part of the BTP in the current scenario. Considering this gap, the fixed cost is taken as a step function, which uses some fixed costs for each route and keeps them constant until a particular number of quantities is reached after which it increases in multiple. The branching method in modified form is used to solve the numerical problem, which then converges upon the optimal solution.
Enhancing QoS in Delay-Sensitive IoT Applications through Volunteer Computing in Fog Environments
Authors: Rani Meena , Guleria Kalpna , Panda Surya Narayan
Published: October 2024

An online distributed system which is helpful for users to contribute their surplus resources to handle the wide range of tasks is called volunteer computing. In Volunteer Computing System (VCS) technology, there exists heterogeneous devices which vary in terms of processing power, latency, cost, and energy efficiency. VCS is heterogeneous in nature so, it is essential to utilize all the resources to provide high Quality of Service (QoS), innovation and cost effectiveness for all requests. The dynamism and heterogeneity of VCS makes it essential to utilize all the resources for providing excellent Quality of Service(QoS). This innovation is also cost effective for all the requests. Task scheduling problems that are classified as NP-hard are very challenging in heterogeneous VCS environments. Therefore, two scheduling algorithms Min-CCV and Min-V are proposed for volunteer computing systems. The primary objective of the proposed algorithms is to improve network performance and also enhance the QoS by reducing the computational, communicational, and violational costs for various Internet of Things (IoT) based applications which in turn improves the quality of life. A task scheduler module allocates tasks Ti as a group of n jobs that are identified T1, T2, T3,…….,Tn for a volunteer computing system. These tasks have specific attributes like memory requirement, input and output file sizes, QoS requirements, etc. The outcome of the simulator describes that the proposed algorithm can allocate tasks in a more efficient way to the volunteer fog-cloud environment in comparison to existing methods. As compared to the generic-based algorithms, the proposed Min-CCV and Min-V algorithms enhance the deadline satisfaction rate to approximately 99.5% and decrease the costs incurred by 15 to 53%. The comprehensive simulation results give the better outcome of proposed work as compared to existing practices.
Canonical and Non-Canonical Approaches of the Discrete Teaching Learning Based Optimization
Authors: Rathod Vijay P. , Yadav Om Prakash , Rathore Ajay Pal Singh
Published: October 2024

Manufacturing plays a crucial role in robust economies, and effective optimization of manufacturing processes ensures competitive viability. Multi-hole drilling is a fundamental process in manufacturing, especially in the mass production of boilerplates, food processing separators, drum and trammel screens, and printed circuit boards, where optimizing drill tool paths is crucial for cost competitiveness. Multi-hole drill tool path sequencing is often framed as Traveling Salesman Problems, known for their NP-hard complexity. Researchers employed evolutionary algorithms to tackle the challenges associated with these NP-hard complexities. The recently proposed Discrete Teaching Learning Based Optimization (DTLBO) can address the intricacies of multi-hole drill tool path sequencing. This study proposes the use of DTLBO for multi-hole drill tool path sequencing optimization and highlights the critical distinctions between Canonical and Non-Canonical approaches of the DTLBO. Further, it assesses their performances through a comparative analysis using test problems, investigating the merits and demerits of these approaches. The findings of this investigation provide a foundation for refining the algorithms and improving their practical effectiveness, which will be pursued as future research. Notably, no prior research in the literature has undertaken such a comprehensive comparison.
Biodielectrics: old wine in a new bottle?
Authors: Barnana Hema Dinesh , Tofail Syed A. M. , Roy Krittish , O’Mahony Charlie , Hidaši Turiničová Veronika , Gregor Maroš , ul Haq Ehtsham
Published: October 2024

Biodielectrics is a subset of biological and/or bioinspired materials that has brought a huge transformation in the advancement of medical science, such as localized drug delivery in cancer therapeutics, health monitoring, bone and nerve repair, tissue engineering and use in other nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). While biodielectrics has long been used in the field of electrical insulation for over a century, polar dielectric properties of biological building blocks have not been well understood at the fundamental building block level. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of dielectric properties of biological building blocks and its hierarchical organisations to include polar dielectric properties such as piezo, pyro, and ferroelectricity. This review article also discusses recent trends, scope, and potential applications of these dielectrics in science and technology. We highlight electromechanical properties embedded in rationally designed organic assemblies, and the challenges and opportunities inherent in mapping from molecular amino acid building blocks to macroscopic analogs of biological fibers and tissues, in pursuit of sustainable materials for next-generation technologies.
Causal relationship between immunophenotypes and mitral valve prolapse: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Yue , Shen Yusi , Tan Lina , Hu Liangbo , He Min , Zeng Xiaocong
Published: October 2024

Background

Emerging evidence indicates a significant link between various immune cell types and the development of heart valve disorders. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common condition that can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, and even sudden death. Currently, the role of immune cells in MVP is not well understood. Thus, this study aimed to explore the causal relationship between immunophenotypes and the risk of MVP.

Methods

This study conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the link between 731 immunophenotypes and MVP. Publicly available data from genome-wide association studies were used for both the exposures and outcomes. The primary method for assessing the causal relationship between mitral valve prolapse and the 731 immunophenotypes was the inverse variance weighted method. Additionally, to ensure the MR results were reliable and valid, sensitivity analyses, including leave-one-out analysis, the Cochran Q-test, and the Egger intercept test, were conducted.

Results

The findings indicated that multiple immune cell phenotypes potentially cause changes in the risk of developing MVP. After adjusting for the false discovery rate, nine immune phenotypes were found to increase the risk of MVP, while nine others appeared to decrease it. In addition, reverse MR analysis found no causal relationship between MVP and these eighteen immunophenotypes.

Conclusion

Through genetic analyses, this research demonstrated a significant causal relationship between certain immune cells and MVP, providing new insights for future basic and clinical research.
Sigmoid ventricular septum treated with endocardial ablation to improve left ventricular outflow: cases report
Authors: Huang Shen , Wang Xiuyu , Li Qiyan , Xiong XinLin , He Chuan , Feng Kun , Jing Jiafa , Ma Jun
Published: October 2024

Background

Sigmoid Ventricular Septum (SVS) is a type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy characterized by a reduced angle between the basal interventricular septum and the ascending aorta, and SVS can lead to dynamic Left Ventricular Outflow Tract obstruction (LVOTO) during hypercontractile states. Patients experiencing LVOTO may manifest symptoms such as angina, syncope, etc. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been utilized to treat patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, but there is no reports on its use in treating LVOTO resulting from SVS. Our report describes two cases of SVS treated with endocardial ablation to improve LVOTO.

Case report

Case 1: A 74-year-old female patient with angina and syncope was admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with SVS by transthoracic echocardiogram. The patient exhibited LVOTO and Systolic Anterior Motion (SAM) phenomena during the administration of the dobutamine stress test. After RFA was performed, the patient's symptoms significantly improved. Additionally, septum decreased from 16 to 13 mm after ten months, and the morphological changes associated with SVS also disappeared. Case 2: A 57-year-old female was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent chest pain after physical activity for more than four years. The transthoracic echocardiogram indicated that the patient met the diagnostic criteria for SVS, and LVOTO and SAM phenomenaoccurred following dobutamine stress test. The patient had significant improvement in symptoms after undergoing RFA treatment.

Conclusions

These two cases represent the first documented instances where dynamic LVOTO caused by SVS could be effectively managed through endocardial RFA.
Association between myocardial layer-specific strain and high 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in hypertension—findings from the China-PAR project study
Authors: Chen Jianxiong , Yang Xiaohuan , Li Xinyi , Jin Lin , Wu Lingheng , Zhang Mengjiao , Du Lianfang , Luo Xianghong , Li Zhaojun
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Myocardial layer-specific strain is a sensitive tool for detecting myocardial dysfunction. The objective of this study was to assess changes in the left ventricle (LV) function using myocardial layer-specific strain and its association with 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (10Y-ASCVDR) in individuals with hypertension (HP).

Methods

The parameters of LV structure, including layer-specific global longitudinal strain (GLSww, GLSendo, GLSmid, GLSepi) and layer-specific global circumferential strain (GCSww, GCSendo, GCSmid, GCSepi), were analyzed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in 239 hypertensive patients and 124 control subjects. In addition, participants were divided into low-risk (LR) and high-risk (HR) subgroups according to 10Y-ASCVDR scores . The correlation between myocardial layer-specific strain and 10Y-ASCVDR was further analyzed by the restricted cubic spline (RCS) function.

Results

The values of GLSww, GLSepi, GLSmid, and GLSendo were significantly lower in HP patients with HR than in HP patients with LR and controls (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in layer-specific GCS were observed between the groups (p > 0.05). RCS analysis revealed that 10Y-ASCVDR exhibited a significant J-shaped relationship with layer-specific GLS and GCS. After adjusting for confounding factors, GLSww (β = 0.156, p = 0.042), GLSmid (β = 0.161, p = 0.032), GCSendo (β = 0.163, p = 0.024), and GCSmid (β = −0.175, p = 0.030) were identified as independent influencing factors for high 10Y-ASCVDR.

Conclusions

In hypertensive patients, myocardial layer-specific strain, especially GLS, sensitively detected LV dysfunction and showed a significant J-shaped relationship with 10Y-ASCVDR. GCSmid may have a compensatory effect on myocardial impairment. LV myocardial layer-specific strain may help to understand the early compensatory mechanisms of the myocardium in hypertension.
Unlocking innovation: how enjoyment drives GenAI use in higher education
Authors: Cano Jhon R. , Nunez Nicolas A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) is rapidly transforming education holds immense potential for enhancing learning experiences and fostering innovation skills crucial for success in today’s rapidly changing job market. However, successful integration depends on student adoption. This study investigates factors influencing business students’ intention to use Gen AI in Innovation courses, focusing on the role of Perceived Enjoyment.

Method

A cross-sectional predictive analysis was conducted using data from 92 business undergraduate students in a Peruvian higher education institution. A survey questionnaire, adapted from Teo and Noyes, was used to measure perceived enjoyment, usefulness, ease of use, attitude toward, and intention to use Gen AI tools.

Results

The study found a strong positive relationship between Perceived Enjoyment and the intention to use Gen AI in Innovation courses. Furthermore, Perceived Enjoyment was positively associated with perceived ease of use. Interestingly, perceived usefulness did not show a significant effect on the intention to use Gen AI.

Conclusion

Our finding challenges the traditional emphasis on perceived usefulness as the primary driver of technology acceptance. Instead, our results suggest that prioritizing user enjoyment and ease of use in the design and implementation of Gen AI tools may be a more effective strategy for promoting their adoption in educational settings. This shift in focus from utility to experience could be crucial in unlocking the full potential of Gen AI to transform education.
Age and gender influence on clinical manifestations of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a case series of 2479 Chinese patients
Authors: Yang Mei , He Weimin
Published: October 2024

Background

Significant individual differences exist in the clinical manifestations of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Age and gender have an impact on the presentation and severity of TAO.

Objective

To evaluate the clinical characteristics of TAO patients, with particular consideration of their age and gender.

Methods

Demographic and clinical data of 2479 TAO patients were collected. Patients were divided into 7 groups based on age: Group 1: ≤18 years old; Group 2: 19-29 years old; Group 3: 30-39 years old; Group 4: 40-49 years old; Group 5: 50-59 years old; Group 6: 60-69 years old; Group 7: ≥70 years old. Compared clinical manifestations among different groups and between males and females.

Result

In age group 1, the ratio of female to male TAO patients was 3.79, and in age group 7, it was 0.86. As age increased, there was a decline in the percentage of females (γ=-0.168, p<0.001). During the aging process, the proportion of TAO patients with unilateral involvement also gradually decreased (γ=-0.23, p<0.001). In addition, the proportion of TAO patients with upper eyelid retraction ≥2mm and exophthalmometry ≥17mm also decreased (γ=-0.158, p<0.001, γ=-0.23, p<0.001). In comparison to males, females with TAO showed a higher proportion of unilateral eye involvement and upper eyelid retraction ≥2mm (p=0.038, p<0.001). However, males had a higher proportion of exophthalmometry ≥17mm (p<0.001). The proportions of patients with eye movement disorder (γ=0.535, p<0.001), diplopia (γ=0.446, p<0.001), intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥30mmHg (γ=0.149, p<0.001), sight-threatening TAO (γ=0.479, p<0.001), and active TAO (γ=0.469, p<0.001) were positively correlated with age in TAO patients. Additionally, the proportion of male patients is higher than that of female patients.

Conclusion

TAO Patients exhibit different clinical features depending on age and gender. In elderly and male patients, TAO tends to be more severe, with a higher prevalence of eye muscle involvement, IOP ≥30mmHg, active phases, and a lower proportion of patients with upper eyelid retraction ≥2mm. Elderly female patients also have a lower proportion of exophthalmometry ≥17mm.
Translation of genome-wide association study: from genomic signals to biological insights
Authors: Bruner Winter S. , Grant Struan F. A.
Published: October 2024

Since the turn of the 21st century, genome-wide association study (GWAS) have successfully identified genetic signals associated with a myriad of common complex traits and diseases. As we transition from establishing robust genetic associations with diverse phenotypes, the central challenge is now focused on characterizing the underlying functional mechanisms driving these signals. Previous GWAS efforts have revealed multiple variants, each conferring relatively subtle susceptibility, collectively contributing to the pathogenesis of various common diseases. Such variants can further exhibit associations with multiple other traits and differ across ancestries, plus disentangling causal variants from non-causal due to linkage disequilibrium complexities can lead to challenges in drawing direct biological conclusions. Combined with cellular context considerations, such challenges can reduce the capacity to definitively elucidate the biological significance of GWAS signals, limiting the potential to define mechanistic insights. This review will detail current and anticipated approaches for functional interpretation of GWAS signals, both in terms of characterizing the underlying causal variants and the corresponding effector genes.
Knowledge landscape of tumor-associated neutrophil: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2000-2024
Authors: Xiao Chaoyue , Feng Xiang , Aini Wufuer , Zhao Zengyi , Ding Gouping , Gao Yawen
Published: October 2024

Background

Neutrophils have long been consistently adjudged to hold a dominant position in acute inflammation, which once led people to undervalue their role in chronic malignancy. It is now acknowledged that neutrophils also infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment in substantial quantities and form a highly abundant immune population within the tumor, known as tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). There has been a surge of interest in researching the eminent heterogeneity and plasticity of TANs in recent years, and scholars increasingly cotton on to the multifaceted functions of TANs so that strenuous endeavors have been devoted to enunciating their potential as therapeutic targets. Yet it remains much left to translate TAN-targeted immunotherapies into clinical practice. Therefore, there is great significance to comprehensively appraise the research status, focal point, and evolution trend of TAN by using bibliometric analysis.

Methods

Publications related to TAN research from 2000 to 2024 are extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed by tools encompassing Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, R-bibliometrix, and so on.

Results

The bibliometric analysis included a total of 788 publications authored by 5291 scholars affiliated with 1000 institutions across 58 countries/regions, with relevant articles published in 324 journals. Despite China’s maximum quantity of publications and top 10 institutions, the United States is the leading country with the most high-quality publications and is also the global cooperation center. FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY published the most papers, whereas CANCER RESEARCH is the highest co-cited journal. Israeli professor Fridlender, Zvi G. is the founder, pioneer, and cultivator with the highest citation counts and H-index in the TAN area. Our analysis prefigures the future trajectories: TAN heterogeneity, neutrophil extracellular trap, the crosstalk between TANs and immunocytes, and immunotherapy will likely be the focus of future research.

Conclusion

A comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis is first performed to map the current landscape and intellectual structure of TAN, which proffers fresh perspectives for further research. The accurate identification of distinct TAN subpopulations and the precise targeting of key pro-tumor/anti-tumor subpopulations hold immense potential to develop into a TAN-targeted immunotherapy.
Development of a risk prediction model for the first occurrence of thrombosis in patients with OAPS
Authors: Gao Jie , Zheng Yan , Wang Zhuo , Jia Junfeng , Wan Jian , Han Qing , Zheng Xi , Liu Renli , Zheng Zhaohui , Wu Kaichun , Zhu Ping
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study is to assess the risk factors associated with thrombotic events in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) patients and to develop a predictive model specifically tailored to predict the risk of postpartum thrombosis in OAPS patients without prior thrombotic events. This research seeks to enhance clinician’s awareness regarding the postpartum care and monitoring of OAPS patients.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University including 269 consecutive inpatients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) from July 1, 2008 to July 31, 2022. All participants met the 2006 Sydney APS classification criteria or the “non-criteria OAPS classification”. Out of 98 candidate clinical and laboratory parameters considered, 40 potential variables were selected for analysis based on expert opinion. The logistic regression mode with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) were used to identify optimal predictive characteristics. All samples were included in the model building and a nomogram was generated based on these characteristics. The differentiation, calibration, and clinical utility of the predictive model were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. The model was also validated by a 1000 bootstrap tests.

Results

126 patients with OAPS were enrolled, and a total of 89 OAPS patients who had never experienced thrombosis were retrospectively analyzed. After 3 years follow-up, 32.58% of the patients (29/89) developed thrombosis. In order to create, LASSO logistic regression identified three optimal variables: the platelet count less than 125×109/L, more than one positive aPLs (antiphospholipid antibody), and the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or low dose aspirin (LDA) after delivery. A predictive model was conducted using these three predictive indicators for patients with OAPS who experience thrombosis for the first-time. This prediction model has good distinction, good calibration, and fair clinical practicality.

Conclusion

Our model has good predictive ability in assessing the risk of thrombosis in patients with OAPS without prior thrombotic events. This model is easy to predict, has good discriminability and calibration, and can be utilized as a routine tool for thrombus screening in OAPS patients.
Identification of Rv1133c (MetE) as a marker of Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication and as a highly immunogenic antigen with potential immunodiagnostic power
Authors: Iacobino Angelo , Teloni Raffaela , Mancone Carmine , Facchiano Francesco , Di Giamberardino Alessandra , Senatore Cinzia , Di Virgilio Antonio , Lanni Alessio , Giannoni Federico , Nisini Roberto , Mariotti Sabrina
Published: October 2024

The immunization of mice with the sterile culture medium supernatants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv permitted the production of several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for secreted and/or released antigens. Two mAbs bound and immunoprecipitated an 80-kDa protein that was identified by mass spectrometry as Rv1133c, the methionine synthase MetE. The protein MetE is ubiquitous among prokaryota and shows a significant sequence homology in many bacteria. We produced both the full-length recombinant MetE and its N-terminal fragment, whose sequence is more conserved among mycobacteria, to select mAbs recognizing an Mtb-specific region of MetE. Finally, we produced and selected eight mAbs that specifically detect the MetE protein in the supernatant and cell lysate of Mtb and BCG, but not other bacteria such as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumanii, or Escherichia coli. Taking advantage of our mAbs, we studied (i) the vitamin B12 dependence for the synthesis of MetE in Mtb and NTM and (ii) the kinetics of MetE production and secretion in supernatants during the in vitro reproduced replicative, dormant, and resuscitation cycle of Mtb. Our data demonstrate that dormant Mtb, which are assumed to be prevalent in latent infections, as well as NTM do not produce and secrete MetE. Results indicate an unexpected specificity for Mtb of our anti-MetE mAbs and encourage the use of rMetE and our mAbs as tools for the immunodiagnosis of TB and its stages.
Hydrothermal vents supporting persistent plumes and microbial chemoautotrophy at Gakkel Ridge (Arctic Ocean)
Authors: Wegener Gunter , Molari Massimiliano , Purser Autun , Diehl Alexander , Albers Elmar , Walter Maren , Mertens Christian , German Christopher R. , Boetius Antje
Published: October 2024

Hydrothermal vents emit hot fluids enriched in energy sources for microbial life. Here, we compare the ecological and biogeochemical effects of hydrothermal venting of two recently discovered volcanic seamounts, Polaris and Aurora of the Gakkel Ridge, in the ice-covered Central Arctic Ocean. At both sites, persistent hydrothermal plumes increased up to 800 m into the deep Arctic Ocean. In the two non-buoyant plumes, rates of microbial carbon fixation were strongly elevated compared to background values of 0.5–1 μmol m−3 day−1 in the Arctic deep water, which suggests increased chemoautotrophy on vent-derived energy sources. In the Polaris plume, free sulfide and up to 360 nM hydrogen enabled microorganisms to fix up to 46 μmol inorganic carbon (IC) m−3 day−1. This energy pulse resulted in a strong increase in the relative abundance of SUP05 by 25% and Candidatus Sulfurimonas pluma by 7% of all bacteria. At Aurora, microorganisms fixed up to 35 μmol IC m−3 day−1. Here, metal sulfides limited the bioavailability of reduced sulfur species, and the putative hydrogen oxidizer Ca. S. pluma constituted 35% and SUP05 10% of all bacteria. In accordance with this data, transcriptomic analysis showed a high enrichment of hydrogenase-coding transcripts in Aurora and an enrichment of transcripts coding for sulfur oxidation in Polaris. There was neither evidence for methane consumption nor a substantial increase in the abundance of putative methanotrophs or their transcripts in either plume. Together, our results demonstrate the dominance of hydrogen and sulfide as energy sources in Arctic hydrothermal vent plumes.
Causal relationship between plasma metabolites and carpal tunnel syndrome risk: evidence from a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wu Wenbao , Fan Daofeng , Zheng Chong , Que Binfu , Lian Qing qing , Chen Yangui , Qiu Rui
Published: October 2024

Background

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common symptom of nerve compression and a leading cause of pain and hand dysfunction. However, the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to reveal the causal effect of circulating metabolites on susceptibility to CTS.

Methods

We employed various Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, including Inverse Variance Weighted, MR-Egger, Weighted Median, Simple Mode, and Weighted Model, to examine the association between 1,400 metabolites and the risk of developing CTS. We obtained Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with 1,400 metabolites from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) cohort. CTS data was derived from the FinnGen consortium, which included 11,208 cases and 1,95,047 controls of European ancestry.

Results

The results of the two-sample MR study indicated an association between 77 metabolites (metabolite ratios) and CTS. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, a strong causal association between glucuronate levels (odd ratio (OR) [95% CI]: 0.98 [0.97–0.99], p FDR = 0.002), adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) to phosphate ratio (OR [95% CI]:0.58 [0.45–0.74], p FDR = 0.009), cysteinylglycine disulfide levels (OR [95% CI]: 0.85 [0.78–0.92], p FDR = 0.047) and CTS was finally identified.

Conclusion

In summary, the results of this study suggest that the identified glucuronate, the ratio of AMP to phosphate, and cysteinylglycine disulfide levels can be considered as metabolic biomarkers for CTS screening and prevention in future clinical practice, as well as candidate molecules for future mechanism exploration and drug target selection.
MRI radiomics combined with machine learning for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment: a focus on the cerebellar gray and white matter
Authors: Lin Andong , Chen Yini , Chen Yi , Ye Zhinan , Luo Weili , Chen Ying , Zhang Yaping , Wang Wenjie
Published: October 2024

Objective

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a recognized precursor to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), presenting a significant risk of progression. Early detection and intervention in MCI can potentially slow disease advancement, offering substantial clinical benefits. This study employed radiomics and machine learning methodologies to distinguish between MCI and Normal Cognition (NC) groups.

Methods

The study included 172 MCI patients and 183 healthy controls from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, all of whom had 3D-T1 weighted MRI structural images. The cerebellar gray and white matter were segmented automatically using volBrain software, and radiomic features were extracted and screened through Pyradiomics. The screened features were then input into various machine learning models, including Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machines (SVM), K Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Extra Trees, Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). Each model was optimized for penalty parameters through 5-fold cross-validation to construct radiomic models. The DeLong test was used to evaluate the performance of different models.

Results

The LightGBM model, which utilizes a combination of cerebellar gray and white matter features (comprising eight gray matter and eight white matter features), emerges as the most effective model for radiomics feature analysis. The model demonstrates an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.863 for the training set and 0.776 for the test set.

Conclusion

Radiomic features based on the cerebellar gray and white matter, combined with machine learning, can objectively diagnose MCI, which provides significant clinical value for assisted diagnosis.
Cognitive synaptopathy: synaptic and dendritic spine dysfunction in age-related cognitive disorders
Authors: Barrantes Francisco J.
Published: October 2024

Cognitive impairment is a leading component of several neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases, profoundly impacting on the individual, the family, and society at large. Cognitive pathologies are driven by a multiplicity of factors, from genetic mutations and genetic risk factors, neurotransmitter-associated dysfunction, abnormal connectomics at the level of local neuronal circuits and broader brain networks, to environmental influences able to modulate some of the endogenous factors. Otherwise healthy older adults can be expected to experience some degree of mild cognitive impairment, some of which fall into the category of subjective cognitive deficits in clinical practice, while many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases course with more profound alterations of cognition, particularly within the spectrum of the dementias. Our knowledge of the underlying neuropathological mechanisms at the root of this ample palette of clinical entities is far from complete. This review looks at current knowledge on synaptic modifications in the context of cognitive function along healthy ageing and cognitive dysfunction in disease, providing insight into differential diagnostic elements in the wide range of synapse alterations, from those associated with the mild cognitive changes of physiological senescence to the more profound abnormalities occurring at advanced clinical stages of dementia. I propose the term “cognitive synaptopathy” to encompass the wide spectrum of synaptic pathologies associated with higher brain function disorders.
Acupuncture for early Parkinson’s disease with mild to moderate depression: a randomized controlled trial protocol with functional MRI
Authors: Xiao Hongli , Ren Yashuo , Yang Haosen , Wang Zixi , Li Zhuohao , Song Yuguo , Yuan Xiaojia , Liu Xiaopeng , Chen Peng
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Depression is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), which seriously affects the quality of life of patients with PD. The main clinical treatment method for depression in Parkinson’s disease is medication treatment. However, the medication treatment has a long cycle and many adverse reactions. Acupuncture as a non-pharmacological intervention method, has been widely used in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease and depressive disorders in China. Therefore, the study of acupuncture in the treatment of early Parkinson’s disease with mild to moderate depression has important practical significance.

Methods and analysis

In this randomized, single-blinded, and placebo-controlled study, a total of 88 patients with depression in Parkinson’s disease (DPD) will be randomly allocated to either an acupuncture group or a control group in parallel in a 1:1 allocation ratio. Each group will receive 30 min acupuncture treatments or sham acupuncture treatments, 3 times a week, for 12 weeks, followed by a 36-week follow-up period. The primary outcome is the response rate of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 at 12 weeks. Data will be collected at baseline, at the end of the 12-week treatment period, and during the 12-week and 36-week follow-up.

Discussion

This study hypothesized that acupuncture may treat DPD by restoring pathological alterations in brain neural activity. The findings will provide scientific evidence for acupuncture in the treatment of early PD with mild to moderate depression.

Ethics and dissemination

This clinical trial has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approval No. 2023BL02-013-01). This trial has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (Registration No. ChiCTR2300069310). The results will be published in a peer-reviewed academic journal.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2300069310.
The possible connection between neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio and cerebral perfusion in clinically established corticobasal syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Chunowski Patryk , Migda Bartosz , Madetko-Alster Natalia , Migda Anna , Kutyłowski Michał , Królicki Leszek , Alster Piotr
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are tauopathic atypical parkinsonisms. Given their overlap in terms of clinical manifestation, there is growing interest in the mechanisms leading to these entities.

Materials and methods

In total, 71 patients were included in the study, 19 of whom were clinically diagnosed with CBS, 37 with PSP, and 15 with Parkinson's disease (PD). The mean ages of the participants were 72.8, 72.9, and 64.0 years, respectively, and the disease duration varied from 3 to 6 years. Each individual underwent blood collection. Morphological and biochemical evaluation of blood samples was performed to analyze the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR). A single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99Tc-HMPAO) tracer was used to assess perfusion in two regions of interest (ROI): the thalamus and insula. Using Pearson correlation to assess the linear relationship between NHR and perfusion in the insula and thalamus for CBS, PSP, and PD patients, the authors intended to verify possible correlations between NLR, PLR, and NHR and perfusion in the indicated ROIs.

Results

The study revealed a negative linear correlation between NHR and perfusion of both the left (Insula L; R = −0.59) and right (Insula R; R = −0.58) insula regions. Similar to the insula, a linear correlation between NHR and activity in both the left (Thalamus L) and right (Thalamus R) thalamus regions in CBS subjects with a relatively stronger correlation in the right thalamus (R = −0.64 vs. R = −0.58) was found. These observations were not confirmed in PSP and PD patients.

Conclusion

Simultaneously using non-specific parameters for peripheral inflammation (NLR, PLR, and NHR) and perfusion, SPECT may be an interesting beginning point for further analysis of inflammatory disease mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to address the potential correlation between the peripheral neuroinflammatory markers NLR, PLR, and NHR and perfusion disturbances in particular ROIs.
Toward an animal model of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Priyanka  , Qamar Syeda Hania , Visanji Naomi P.
Published: October 2024

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative tauopathy which, with a rapid clinical progression coupled to a strong degree of clinico-pathologic correlation, has been suggested to be a “frontrunner” in translational development for neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Elegant studies in animals have contributed greatly to our understanding of disease pathogenesis in PSP. However, presently no animal model replicates the key anatomical and cytopathologic hallmarks, the spatiotemporal spread of pathology, progressive neurodegeneration, or locomotor and cognitive symptoms that characterize PSP. Current models therefore likely fail to recapitulate the key mechanisms that underly the pathological progression of PSP, impeding their translational value. Here we review what we have learned about PSP from work in animals to date, examine the gaps in modeling the disease and discuss strategies for the development of refined animal models that will improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and provide a critical platform for the testing of novel therapeutics for this devastating disease.