bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Business Improvement Districts and Town Centre Management: What has been their effectiveness and what are the future directions for these strategies?
Authors: Prentice Phil , Porter Ian Davison
Published: July 2024

This paper outlines the effectiveness and future direction for Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) and Town Centre Management strategies in Scotland’s towns. Key issues include: the current context of Scotland’s towns; the evolution of BIDs and community empowerment; town centre management; the effectiveness of both approaches; and the future direction for these strategies.
Authenticity attracts authenticity: The impact of brand authenticity and self-authenticity on brand loyalty
Authors: Carroll Ryall , Cadet Fabienne T. , Kachersky Luke
Published: July 2024

Consumers today seek authenticity, making brand authenticity an important component in marketing strategy. Despite the importance of brand authenticity, there is still very little research on how to effectively build it and what behavioural outcomes such an impact might produce. Building on prior work, this study demonstrates that consumers’ self-authenticity is an important driver of their perceptions of brand authenticity and in turn brand loyalty. Two field studies in the retail sector were conducted, each with a different brand and different consumer segment. The data revealed that greater self-authenticity was associated with greater brand loyalty. Similarly, brand authenticity was positively associated with brand loyalty. In fact, findings show that the impact of self-authenticity on brand loyalty is mediated by brand authenticity. In other words, self-authentic consumers tend to perceive greater brand authenticity and, in turn, exhibit greater loyalty towards the brand — a finding that both enhances the external validity of previous research and extends it in important new ways. Specific ways for managers to target self-authentic consumers are discussed.
Facilitating ‘light’ social interactions in public space: A collaborative study in a Dutch urban renewal neighbourhood
Authors: Van Eijk Gwen , Engbersen Radboud
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the conditions for facilitating ‘light’ social interaction in public spaces in an urban renewal project in Delft, the Netherlands. The goal of this paper is threefold. First, using the concept of ‘public familiarity’, it offers a discussion of the value of public spaces and superficial interactions in relation to urban renewal and the aim of social mixing. Second, it discusses the implications for the design and programming of three types of public space: a park, a shopping street and a semi-public ‘living deck’. Third, it offers insight into the pitfalls as well as the added value of collaborative research (integrating research and practice). The researchers and professionals collaboratively gathered quantitative and qualitative data through a mixed-methods approach (observations, on-site mini-interviews and walk-along interviews), in order to engage professionals actively in the research project and thus promote their involvement with the neighbourhood and its residents. Based on data on the use, experiences and needs of residents in relation to the public spaces in their neighbourhood, the paper examines which elements are important for facilitating ‘light’ social interactions. The implications are important for thinking about how to facilitate social mix, and for the design and management of public spaces.
Urban regeneration, sustainability and urban heritage: A case study of Souk Waqif, Doha
Authors: Boussaa Djamel
Published: July 2024

In recent decades, heritage and tourism have become dynamic areas of development in the world. The idea of heritage is crucial to the critical decision-making process regarding how irreplaceable resources are to be used by people in the present or conserved for future generations in a fast changing world. In view of the importance of ‘heritage’ to the development of a tourist destination, the emphasis on developing appropriate adaptive reuse strategies cannot be overemphasised. In October 1999, the 12th general assembly of the ICOMOS in Mexico stated that, in the context of sustainable development, two interrelated issues need urgent attention: cultural tourism and historic towns and cities. These two issues underscore the fact that historic resources are non-renewable, belonging to all of humanity. The lack of adequate adaptive reuse action to ensure a sustainable future for these historic resources may lead to their vanishing completely. The growth of cultural tourism and its role in dispersing heritage to everyone is developing rapidly. According to the World Tourism Organization, natural and cultural heritage resources are and will remain motivating factors for travel in the foreseeable future. Experts believe that people choose travel destinations where they can learn about traditional and distinct cultures in their historic context. The rich urban heritage of Qatar is now being recognised as a valuable resource for future development. This paper focuses on the role of heritage tourism and its implications for urban conservation in the context of Souk Waqif in historic Doha: in order to use heritage wisely, it will be necessary to position heritage as an essential element of sustainable development, giving particular attention to cultural tourism. Conservation for the sake of conservation appears to be an outdated concept. Many irreplaceable natural and cultural sites are being compromised because local authorities are not giving economic consideration to the value of rehabilitating such sites. The question to be raised here is how can heritage be used wisely for tourism without compromising its educational and social role in enhancing and sustaining the local cultural identity?
Event branding, image reconstruction and urban regeneration: A case study of Liverpool as the 2008 European Capital of Culture
Authors: Liu Yi-De
Published: July 2024

The improvement of city image is one part of the long process of Liverpool’s regeneration. As a former industrial centre, Liverpool saw the opportunity of staging the 2008 European Capital of Culture (ECOC) as a crucial opportunity to replace the negative stereotypes associated with the city and show itself off to the world. Based on case study material, the aim of this paper is to explore the role played by the ECOC event within Liverpool’s branding, reimaging and regeneration efforts. To provide a more complete evaluation of the impacts of the ECOC event on city image, the perceptions of local residents, media and visitors are presented and compared. Also, based on longitudinal data, longer-term changes in image are analysed. The research findings demonstrate that Liverpool experienced a steady rise in the strength of its cultural image, mainly owing to a series of events organised over a number of years, and branding campaigns carried out prior to and during the event. Overall, the impact on image observed in Liverpool reveals a certain degree of commonness, but it also underlines a complexity, especially the link between changing perceptions of crime and the ECOC.
How ‘Meanwhile’ came to the High Street
Authors: Steele Jess
Published: July 2024

Just because something is temporary doesn’t mean it is not powerful — think lightning, blossom, a festival. This paper describes the genesis of the ‘meanwhile’ idea as policy, programme and philosophy, and updates readers on the development of the new Meanwhile Foundation. The foundation is a national charity promoting and enabling the wise use of land and buildings to achieve social and economic objectives for local communities. It works through a series of partnership agreements with local authorities and other strategic players, smoothing the way for neighbourhood-level meanwhile activities.
Bitcoin: The revolution of the payment system?
Authors: Wonglimpiyarat Jarunee
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses whether Bitcoin could revolutionise our payment system and replace our cash-based society. The analysis, in an attempt to understand the process of technological change, is based on the technology S-curve. This paper discusses the problems that hinder Bitcoin’s achieving wide adoption, as it has not been well received by international government central banks. Interestingly, the swing of S-curves is not strong enough to cause a paradigm shift. The results have shown parallel S-curve trajectories of electronic money innovations, signifying a move from a cash-based economy toward a less cash-based society. The paper provides useful information to support the diffusion of Bitcoin innovation.
Did prudent risk management practices or weak customer demand reduce PPP lending by the largest banks?
Authors: Kupiec Paul H.
Published: July 2024

Regulatory data shows large differences between large and small banks’ response to the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). Large bank loan originations are smaller than predicted based on operational characteristics and historical lending patterns. One possible explanation is that large banks put greater emphasis on the legal and reputational risks associated with PPP loans because of their prior experience with similar government programmes. A second possibility is that there were systematic differences in large and small bank PPP loan demand. While bank-specific PPP loan demand is unobserved, indirect evidence is inconsistent with the customer demand explanation. On balance, circumstantial evidence favours the hypothesis that large banks took a more cautious approach to PPP lending to minimise the legal and reputational risks that have been endemic to past government loan guarantee programmes.
Is fear of missing out (FOMO) a cultural construct? Investigating FOMO from a marketing perspective
Authors: Karimkhan Faren , Chapa Sindy
Published: July 2024

Fear of missing out (FOMO) is an ongoing phenomenon. It is particularly important in the field of marketing as it is linked to impulsive shopping behaviour and other consequences that can affect the brand–consumer relationship. Existing literature suggests that FOMO is influenced by social media consumption, the level of collectivism versus individualism, and a sense of belonging. The present study deepens understanding of FOMO by examining its associations with social media consumption both in English and in consumers’ ethnic languages, collectivism versus individualism, and ethnic identity. The data were obtained via an online survey of 3,286 respondents of different ethnicities (non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, African American, Asian American). The results show that while consumption of English-language social media is not significantly related to FOMO, the consumption of social media in other languages appears to be a significant predictor of FOMO. The study also finds that collectivism and ethnic identity appear to have a strong correlation with FOMO and can be used as predictors of FOMO. These findings support the idea that FOMO is highly cultural. The paper goes on to discuss how these conclusions contribute to the literature, along with the managerial implications of the findings.
Exploring the challenges facing female athletes as endorsers
Authors: Antil John H. , Burton Rick , Robinson Matthew J.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate some of the potential reasons why female athletes, despite increases in female sport participation, are less commonly used as endorsers than male athletes. Using a combination of McCracken's meaning transfer model and three dimensions of source attractiveness, familiarity, likability and similarity, preliminary results indicate that female consumers find female athletes to be less effective endorsers due to low familiarity and because they are low in similarity and liking. The relative lack of effectiveness also appears to be attributed to a disconnection between stages 2 and 3 of the meaning transfer model because of the way athlete associations are transferred to the product during stage 2 as well as the transfer of meaning to the consumer in stage 3. This appears to be true, at least in part, due to the way advertisers assign and transfer meaning among the endorser, brand and consumer. An example of this is when ads result in lower liking of the endorser due to negative feelings generated from comparisons made by female consumers to the female endorser.
How to get the most from WeChat
Authors: Bonhomme Alexis
Published: July 2024

Since its creation in 2010, WeChat has evolved from a simple messaging app to become a daily tool for almost 900 million people. As an essential communication channel to reach and engage with Chinese consumers and travellers, WeChat has become a complete platform for customer relationship management (CRM) and e-commerce with extensive capabilities for social engagement and electronic payment. Unlike in Western countries where platforms like Facebook, Amazon, Instagram, WhatsApp, Twitter, PayPal and Snapchat offer discrete services, in China, WeChat encompasses an entire digital ecosystem. WeChat offers an excellent example of how deeply China has changed over the past five years, from influencing Western social platforms to providing a powerful tool for companies to engage the massive Chinese audience. This paper argues that rather than simply trying to increase their social media followers, brands should think about the value-added services they can offer. It describes the best strategy to leverage WeChat and understand its components. The discussion covers how to engage with Chinese consumers and travellers, the kind of content that brands should deliver to their audience and why social CRM is the present and future of digital marketing in China.
Building on lessons learned: A US Midwest healthcare system’s COVID-19 response
Authors: Bulson Julie
Published: July 2024

While noting that the COVID-19 pandemic remains ongoing, this paper reviews the incident response at one Midwestern healthcare system in order to identify lessons learned and key modifications to strengthen the response. The paper describes how a strong modified incident command structure provided the framework for the response. These modifications were based on successes during a system-wide electronic medical record implementation and included workgroups specific to a subject or discipline. These workgroups reported up through the traditional hospital incident command structure, allowing for situational awareness at all levels. A solid meeting cadence ensured proper visibility into the work being completed, while a data analyst group provided the much-needed data to make good decisions. Ensuring cross-pollination in the workgroups assisted with communication throughout, while establishing a regular cadence for all staff e-mails and executive updates supported frequent communication and information sharing to all 42,000 employees.
New urbanism, tourism and urban regeneration in Eastern Lisbon, Portugal
Authors: Torres José A.
Published: July 2024

The Park of Nations zone in Lisbon, Portugal, is a neighbourhood in the eastern part of the city that was regenerated in order to stage the World’s Fair in 1998 and to urbanise it during and after that special event. Guidelines that resemble those of the New Urbanism movement were implemented in the planning and building processes which led to the regeneration of the neighbourhood. The Park of Nations zone is now both a new downtown and a new tourism zone in Lisbon, and this is the result of the implementation of those guidelines. This paper uses a case-study method to explain the link between New Urbanism guidelines, tourism and the creation of a new downtown. The fact that the Park of Nations zone has recently gained the status of new freguesia (city parish or district), when the city reduced the number of freguesias from 53 to 24, is recognition of the success of the regeneration effort and the impact that the regenerated zone has had on the city of Lisbon.
Greenways in Europe: Opportunities to recycle the railways in Spain (Valencia)
Authors: Blasco Sánchez Carmen , Martínez Pérez Francisco , Gascón Hernández Ana Mª , Deltoro Soto Julia
Published: July 2024

Knowledge and enhancement of natural, cultural and landscape heritage is needed by society to meet the challenges of sustainable development. The abandonment of communication infrastructure owing to obsolescence, new forms of communication or the introduction of more profitable transport does not destroy their connecting character and the means of transport for which they were conceived. In the specific case of the railway system, it represents one of the main infrastructures of a national nature, which through its associated elements educates on the history and culture of a country. Following the abandonment of some railway lines, its rails, bridges and stations have become opportunities for a new form of urban, interurban and territorial mobility. If this is approached from a strategic perspective, and its role as potential means of alternative connection is explored, new ties, communication and approaches to a region can expand the options for sustainable mobility.
Geographic information system behavioural and cognitive mapping in the city centre revitalisation process
Authors: Goličnik Barbara , Nikšič Matej
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on the viewpoint of users in design and decision making in revitalisation. It pays attention, in particular, to the results of the application of two mapping techniques, behavioural mapping and cognitive mapping, which were applied in a case study area of Ljubljana city centre. Both techniques use geographic information system-supported tools as an asset for monitoring and spatial annotation and visualisation of the non-physical attributes of space. The value of the paper is in helping designers as well as authorities or policy makers to see very detailed, bottom-up gathered and valued objectives which need to be addressed carefully in the process of revitalisation if the aim is to create meaningful, attractive, responsive and comfortable places.
Defining sustainable communities: The development of a toolkit for urban policy
Authors: Da Costa Eduarda Marques , Louro Ana Isabel
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on the development of a toolkit of indicators to support spatial policy making at the local scale related to the sustainable communities agenda. This approach is based on research done through the FURBS Project (Sustainable Urban Form — Methodological Approach for Portugal), which has the objective of producing monitoring indicators of urban change in different domains and scales. The local perspective was supported by the sustainable communities concept, for its integrated analysis of urban themes and sustainability (such as housing preferences, daily mobility and social equity) developed through five case studies in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Various studies were conducted on different urban form typologies in order to analyse their relationship with components of sustainable communities. Through this analysis, the FURBS research team is building a toolkit that could provide a common methodological framework for use in different urban contexts, and thus help planners and other professionals intervene in complex urban systems.
Is the draft UCITS V directive a cloned version of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive?
Authors: Beythan Hermann , Virard-Canto Claire
Published: July 2024

The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD), adopted in June 2011, introduced new measures that create a regulatory framework for Alternative Investment Fund Management, ie in substance all investment funds other than UCITS. Notably the AIFMD creates tight rules and obligations in relation to the safe-keeping of investment fund assets by the depositary. Further the AIFMD introduces specific rules on remuneration. The European Commission’s draft of UCITS V proposal updates the UCITS regime to match the standards of AIFMD, in particular the requirements regarding the depositary, the manager’s remuneration. In addition it deals with regulatory sanctions. In fact, having regard to the retail investors nature of UCITS funds and a perceived need for increased investor protection, UCIT V goes beyond AIFMD. It notably provides for an exhaustive list of eligible depositaries (only credit institutions and investment firms). It further increases depositary obligations, notably in relation to a strict obligation to return financial instruments kept in custody with little room for depositaries to escape.
Let’s get real about self-driving cars: The transition will take a significant amount of time
Authors: Milder N. David
Published: July 2024

Today, driverless/autonomous/self-driving cars are a hot topic in conversations about the future of our urban areas. Many people reasonably expect that some variant of driverless cars will dominate our future urban transportation scene. However, there are strong reasons to have uncertain expectations about what exactly that transportation scene will finally look like, how long it will take to complete and how it will evolve over the intervening years. The analysis in this paper suggests that the path will be neither quick nor easy, and that the toughest issues will not be technological, but psychological, sociological and perhaps most importantly, political.
The future of payments: How FinTech players are accelerating customer-driven innovation in financial services
Authors: Weichert Margaret
Published: July 2024

Innovation in the financial services realm is happening at an ever-increasing pace. FinTech firms across the globe are playing a major role in using new technologies and new business models to better align payments solutions with customer needs. Transformation is accelerating due to broad global trends around connected devices and mobility as well as shifts in demographics and customer expectations. Shifting security concerns and pointof- sale technology changes further reinforce the environment of change. In this context, this paper addresses how the broader financial services landscape is impacted by major global shifts including: end-to-end commerce focus; advances in machine learning and analytics; mass customisation — loyalty, segmentation and new value propositions; and technology transformations in connectivity, efficiency and security.
Central counterparties — New uses for a century-old market mechanism
Authors: Grody Allan D.
Published: July 2024

Central counterparties have been the preferred mechanisms used to share the risk of funding financial instruments between financial institutions and between financial institutions and their customers. With the inevitable next crisis looming, regulators have turned to a century-old concept to do what no government wants to do — guarantee that enough capital will be there the next time markets collapse. To do this regulators and industry members are embedding central counterparty mechanisms into all manner of interconnected risk: securities lending; the repo markets; and the swaps, credit default swap (CDS) and other over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives markets. Will it be a better guarantee than the too-big-to-fail concept of governments? Will it work better than the living will doctrine that regulators are imposing on systemically important financial institutions to assist in their breakup? With more risk now concentrated in central counterparties the inevitable question arises, are those entities now too big to fail? This paper explores this question and suggests that innovations are to be expected in managing the risk of too-big-to-fail central counterparties.
Public–private partnership from theory to practice: Walgreens and the Boston Public Health Commission supporting each other before and after the Boston bombings
Authors: Martin Atyia , Williams Jim
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an overview of the public health and medical services continuity of operations, response and recovery efforts in the aftermath of the Boston bombings. Countless public and private organisations and agencies came together to support the community and the survivors. The efforts of these organisations define what it means to be Boston Strong.
Application impact analysis: A risk-based approach to business continuity and disaster recovery
Authors: Epstein Beth , Khan Dawn Christine
Published: July 2024

There are many possible disruptions that can occur in business. Overlooking or under planning for Business Continuity requires time, understanding and careful planning. Business Continuity Management is far more than producing a document and declaring business continuity success. What is the recipe for businesses to achieve continuity management success? Application Impact Analysis is a method for understanding the unique Business Attributes. This AIA Cycle involves a risk based approach to understanding the business priority and considering business aspects such as Financial, Operational, Service Structure, Contractual Legal, and Brand. The output of this analysis provides a construct for viewing data, evaluating impact, and delivering results, for an approved valuation of Recovery Time Objectives (RTO).
How L’Oréal adopted new technologies to scale personalisation, adapt to new customer demands and evolve into the top beauty tech company
Authors: Gilbert Jakenna
Published: July 2024

Across the globe, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a massive — and likely long-lasting — impact on commercial and consumer trends. For companies specialising in consumer packaged goods and traditionally reliant on physical stores for the majority of their sales, success is no longer about staying relevant, but rather on preparing for a world where significant portions of their business will emanate from e-commerce. With brickand- mortar sales declining and consumers becoming more tech-savvy, this paper argues that beauty companies (both large and small) must look to advanced ways for customers to discover, consider and purchase beauty products. By way of illustration, the paper describes how L’Oréal embarked on a programme of digital transformation that would prepare it to outlast the current context and continue to advance in spite of a challenging market.
Reputational risk in banking and finance: An issue of individual responsibility?
Authors: Walter Ingo
Published: July 2024

This paper considers the changing impact of reputational risk in financial services, notably since and during the financial crisis of 2007–2009. It begins by identifying the reputational risks that firms in the industry encounter, defining what constitutes that risk and the variety of losses and business damage that are wrought by reputationally harmful incidents. It goes on to examine the ‘special’ nature of financial services and why the reputation of financial institutions is particularly important. The paper then considers the role of personal responsibility and cultural factors in the creation of robust corporate governance. It examines the changing methods by which regulators and the industry itself are now looking to address these cultural issues to create a framework that is more resilient to reputational risk and conducive to personal liability for breaching regulations. It concludes by discussing the role of managerial leadership in achieving sound corporate governance.
A critical review of the European Commission’s Multilateral Interchange Fee Regulation
Authors: Veljan Alen
Published: July 2024

Following the implementation of the European Commission’s Multilateral Interchange Fee Regulation in 2015, interchange fees in the European card payments market recorded their highest ever reduction in size and regional scope. This paper reviews the motives and grounds of the regulation in relation to issuing banks’ revenue losses. Using data collected from Visa, MasterCard and the European Central Bank over a period of eight years, the paper assesses the relationship between interchange fees and selected payment metrics. In contrast to forecasts made by the European Commission, the results indicate that short-to-mid-term issuer losses are not offset by increases in card volume. Furthermore, no quantifiable improvement in social welfare due to the regulation can be identified. Policy intervention should not rely solely on complex theoretical models. Empirical data based on industry observations must be considered. The findings call for a more conservative regulatory involvement in card payment markets.
City of the future: Time to jettison the Jetsons’ vision of cities
Authors: Tumlin Jeffrey
Published: July 2024

It is time to move beyond a 1950s, auto-based vision of cities and look instead to model cities of the future from Boulder, Colorado, to Barcelona, Spain. This paper explores nine features that define sustainable cities, from walkable and welcoming neighbourhoods to easy-to-use transit in social and beautiful places.
The unbearable lightness of digital money
Authors: Iazzolino Gianluca , Wasike Nambuwani
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the factors that make cash ‘sticky’ in the
increasingly digitised Kenyan financial landscapes. On the one
hand, it discusses the mismatch between assumptions implicit in the
financial inclusion discourse and ideas of saving, accumulation and
money enshrined in local financial practices, and provides an
overview of the current digital payment situ­ation in Kenya, in
terms of strategies and data. On the other hand, it draws insights
from industry efforts in which industry expectations are tested
against a background shaped by the dominance of cash and
traditional financial institutions. The overall goal is to further
the understanding of potential drivers and challenges of
‘cash-lite’ approaches to financial inclusion, as well as the
convergence and divergence of theory and evidence. This study uses
qualitative methods of data collection to understand the social,
cultural and economic drivers of payment behaviours, and the
opportunities and constraints for adoption and acceptance of
technology. It argues that the enduring reliance on cash suggests
that a rational calculative approach is not adequate to understand
people’s decision making when considering different options in a
repertoire of financial alternatives. Most importantly, the
materiality of cash affects its pragmatics within a broader
repertoire of financial practices revolving around different means
of payment and storages of value. It thus recommends that an
approach to the design of e-payment systems should not only be
largely ‘open-source’ for ease of interoperability with other
payment systems, but also localised, to converge with local
contexts.
Recognising ownership in regeneration: Developing a mutual neighbourhood
Authors: Rowlands Rob
Published: July 2024

Over the last 15 years the role of community and the importance of the neighbourhood have grown in regeneration policy in the UK. With the present economic climate, the imposition of harsh public-sector spending cuts and a reliance on self-help under the ‘Big Society’, there is a need to examine the way in which communities and collective action can contribute to the development of neighbourhoods. This paper uses the idea of mutualism and considers its use in reshaping people’s everyday lives. The first section considers what is beneficial about mutual forms of (neighbourhood focused) organisation. Rather than the organisational form and structure, it is the process adopted that is important in delivering difference. The second part of the paper raises the question of the role of ownership and economic participation. In today’s world, what does ownership look like, and how can it be better understood? The final part of the paper considers how these elements may be better linked at the neighbourhood and city level. This section begins to think outside the box and consider how cooperative linkages can be developed to offer a mutual advantage to all. It draws on the ‘mutual triangle’ to illustrate how mutualism can be realised for individual and collective benefit. As a crucible of both today’s social and economic challenges and tomorrow’s environmental challenges, developing a mutual and sustainable neighbourhood will be critical.
Estate-led regeneration: Camden’s collaborative approach to creating sustainable, liveable and inclusive communities
Authors: Beales Danny
Published: July 2024

Camden Council is at the forefront of local authorities seeking to build new high-quality social rent homes to tackle social inequality and create mixed communities. Local authorities have an important role to play in addressing an increasingly unaffordable housing market; their role as housebuilders is often most prominent during times when national housing crises have been most acute. Alongside being a reliable deliverer and enabler of new homes, local authorities sit at the junction of national and local priorities and can, as such, seek to ensure that any new housebuilding is reflective of what communities need locally. This paper sets out some of the history of local authority housebuilding to outline an argument that there has never been a time during which local government has had the funding and mandate to build, alongside the desire to build and develop in conjunction with communities. Within a wider national discussion occurring about how to balance a need for more housing alongside recognising the value of community networks and community self-determination to successful places, this paper seeks to outline Camden’s experience in delivering new social housing within existing estates.
What good cyber resilience looks like
Authors: Hult Fredrik , Sivanesan Giri
Published: July 2024

In January 2012, the World Economic Forum made cyber attacks its fourth top global risk. In the 2013 risk report, cyber attacks were noted to be an even higher risk in absolute terms. The reliance of critical infrastructure on cyber working has never been higher; the frequency, intensity, impact and sophistication of attacks is growing. This trend looks likely to continue. It can be argued that it is no longer a question whether an organisation will be successfully hacked, but how long it will take to detect. In the ever-changing cyber environment, traditional protection techniques and reliance on preventive controls are not enough. A more agile approach is required to give assurance of a sufficiently secure digital society. Are we faced with a paradigm shift or a storm in a digital teacup? This paper offers an introduction to why cyber is important, a wider taxonomy on the topic and some historical context on how the discipline of cyber security has evolved, and an interpretation on what this means in the new normal of today.
A view from the top: The interaction between solvency and liquidity stress
Authors: Puhr Claus , Schmitz Stefan W.
Published: July 2024

In the context of stress testing, the interaction between solvency and liquidity stress has received too little attention in academic research as well as in practical application. This paper develops a number of interaction channels from solvency to liquidity and from liquidity to solvency. Thereby it draws on supervisory experience, case studies and the available theoretical literature. It then presents a conceptual framework to quantify the interaction by extending the Austrian central bank's framework for solvency and liquidity stress testing. In an empirical example based on the Austrian banking system the paper investigates the relative materiality of these channels. It uncovers two important trade-offs, one between quantitative impact of channels and the respective model risk/parameter uncertainty and another between conceptual quality and actionable output. The paper concludes that the importance of interaction between solvency and liquidity is too high to simply ignore and suggests approaches to model and to address the aforementioned trade-offs.
Austerity era regeneration: Conceptual issues and practical challenges, Part 2
Authors: Pugalis Lee , Liddle Joyce
Published: July 2024

A global turn to austerity is the prevailing feature of fiscal policy adopted by different governments around the world. In the second instalment and concluding part to a special issue, this collection of papers examines the empirical challenges (and opportunities) associated with regeneration practice in an era of austerity. It combines analysis, insights and opinions of those negotiating regeneration challenges, dilemmas and choices on a daily basis with those of the critical research community. This enables the collection of works to provide complementary perspectives of how regeneration is presently conceived, how it is practised and how it is lived and experienced. Drawing on a diverse compilation of empirical settings, papers variously examine policy contradictions, practical issues and alternative modes of working; all have some important conceptual implications.
The Copernican office: The rise of the activitybased working paradigm
Authors: Jones Drew
Published: July 2024

This paper frames the post-COVID-19 transformation of work and workplace within Thomas Kuhn’s foundational model of paradigm transformation. The paper suggests that a shift in the workplace paradigm was well underway prior to the pandemic, and that the pandemic represents the ‘model crisis’ phase of Kuhn’s framework. More specifically, the paper argues that the next paradigm, or organising principle, of corporate officing will embody many of the user-experience (UX) characteristics of activity-based working (ABW). That is, it is proposed that workplace design and strategy will centre increasingly on employee experience, which will present challenges for the institutional imperatives of other stakeholders. The paper suggests that at the heart of the renegotiation of ‘what the office is’ and how it is experienced is an emerging social contract of work. The rise of the ABW paradigm will also present significant challenges to managers of tenant organisations, but in the long term the shrinkage of office footprints, reduction of costs and increase in space efficiency will be supported by management.
The evolution of the European Union’s Urban Agenda and the morphology of the Pact of Amsterdam
Authors: Field Brian G. , Bakker Jeroen P. R.
Published: July 2024

This paper traces the evolution of the European Union’s Urban Agenda in pursuit of the headline objective of promoting the development of more sustainable cities and communities, culminating in the signing in May 2016 of the so-called Pact of Amsterdam. The latter seeks to establish codes of good practice in urban planning and development that are not only smart, sustainable and inclusive, but also more explicitly informed by climate change imperatives, and to encourage their formal adoption by the Member States of the European Union (EU). While the EU’s prevailing regulatory regime has often appeared somewhat cumbersome, the Pact seeks to challenge the prevailing regulatory environment where this might be impeding the delivery of more appropriate and resilient urban development policies by the respective Member States and/or compromising their successful implementation. The building of greener, smarter and more resilient cities is implicitly seen as the pathway to sustainability and, in the wake of climate change, the promotion and adoption of more climate-friendly urban planning and development protocols is therefore necessarily a key priority. Against this backdrop, the paper addresses the efficacy of the Pact’s objectives, and the adequacy of the proposed regulatory framework and associated toolkit to facilitate and incentivise compliance with its ambitions. It is a critical commentary, ie an appraisal of the key stages in the evolution of a European Urban Agenda that seeks to highlight the challenges that were posed to such intervention, not least by the EU’s subsidiarity precept, and might continue to threaten any strengthening of the agreed spatial development principles and/or further attempts to unify the regulatory framework across the Union as a whole.
Towards local regeneration: A case study of Janghang, South Korea
Authors: Pak Sungsine
Published: July 2024

Janghang is a planned city that has three defined areas of urban infrastructure: a smelting factory, railway, and port. These were built one by one in the 1930s after the land was reclaimed on a large scale to exploit rice and gold production during Japanese colonial rule. For the last 90 years, Janghang has gone through booms and busts as a modern industrial city, symbolising Korea’s rapid economic development, urbanisation and industrialisation in a short period of time. These three urban infrastructures have formed the local identity of Janghang, leaving behind industrial structures of the past. Industrial remains have the potential to strengthen local regeneration and social cohesion in the local community. Meanwhile, while various regeneration projects are currently underway in Janghang, they have caused problems as they have focused too much on outcomes in a top-down manner led by local government. In this paper, the author proposes that a regeneration project should be conducted in the following manner: stage 1 — status survey and documentation; stage 2 — listing of industrial remains; stage 3 — turning industrial remains into assets; stage 4 — local identity and master plan; stage 5 — public project; stage 6 — reuse of industrial remains. In addition, each stakeholder in local regeneration should play their specific role: experts should document the local area’s history and discover its identity; local government should put in place the policy and management systems to turn local industrial remains into assets and set appropriate budgets; and local residents should preserve, use, and continue to reimagine industrial remains and benefit from local regeneration.
Brand purpose: The navigational code for growth
Authors: Kramer Markus
Published: July 2024

Navigating towards a substantially better future requires a balanced commitment of long-term vision and strategic decision making. In order for a brand to navigate towards a future in which thrives rather than merely survives, finding, articulating and applying a higher purpose is a sine qua non. This paper shows why purpose is inseparable from future prosperity, and proposes a novel framework rooted in academic rigour and first-hand experience with how executives in charge of a brand can create propositions that will thrive in the post-positioning era of total connectedness.
Additional dwelling units: A potential solution to the affordable and senior housing crisis
Authors: Calo Daniel
Published: July 2024

As housing prices continue to rise faster than inflation and wages in the US, affordable housing continues to become difficult, borderline impossible for minimum wage and renter wage workers to obtain. This paper aims to explore the possibility of zoning regulations to allow the widespread construction of additional dwelling units (ADUs). Many macroeconomic factors continue to contribute to the unavailability of affordable housing. A combination of low wages, low housing stock and high property values contribute to the senior and affordable housing crises. The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated the impact of these factors on affordable housing. Low-income individuals and families were unequally affected by increased unemployment rates. Senior housing has become a more pressing issue as the senior population continues to increase and most seniors live on a low monthly income based on pensions and assets. This makes it difficult for the majority of seniors to continue to afford where they were living when they were fully employed and removes the option of aging in place. ADUs provide a unique solution to both the senior and affordable housing crises through increasing housing stock in pre-existing areas and neighbourhoods. This is done through the reduction of zoning restrictions by local governments to allow homeowners to convert detached garages and basements into apartment dwellings. This gives the homeowners a potential source of monthly income through rentals, as well as increasing housing stock in pre-existing areas. ADUs can contribute towards the necessary increase in senior and affordable housing to combat their respective crises.
Digital passengers: A great divide or emerging opportunity?
Authors: Mayer Catherine
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the digital divide across the human race and how this influences air travel and passenger expectations in today’s world. Diving into the differences and commonalities between travellers from the pre-digital age and those of the post-digital world, the paper discusses how airports can embrace new technologies. It is important that airports consider the passenger needs from a digital perspective as these will continue to heavily influence the demand for services, the type of technologies that can be implemented and the rate of adoption. Passenger numbers are rising, putting a strain on resources, but technology can help support staff to provide great service. The paper looks at how artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain and autonomous machines can supplement the human touch while meeting the disparate needs of the various generations. Key to success is embracing digital transformation to meet the needs of all travellers. New technologies offer airports the ability to provide choice. These same technologies can help airports to better serve and understand passengers as well as provide data on customers’ preferences and patterns that was not previously accessible. Airports can also use technology to help create ‘a sense of place’. The paper outlines innovative and creative ideas that are in place in leading airports and some that other industries are exploring. It concludes that the best way for airports to reduce disruption and simplify all travellers’ journeys is through a proactive and strategic digital transformation plan, incorporating predictive analytics and intelligent technologies throughout their operations. This will also enable airports to know their passengers’ preferences and personalise communications. These actions will allow travellers from the pre-digital generation to make the most of technology to enjoy their trips. At the same time, this will provide the post-digital generation with the opportunity to challenge and push the industry to embrace new technologies.
`The Routledge Companion to Urban Regeneration Edited` by M.E. Leary and J.P. McCarthy
Authors: Pugalis Lee
Published: July 2024

The Routledge Companion to Urban Regeneration; Edited by M.E. Leary and J.P. McCarthy; Reviewed by Lee Pugalis. The Tenants’ Movement: Resident Involvement, Community Action and the Contentious Politics of Housing; By Quintin Bradley; Reviewed by Nicky Morrison.
A marketing approach to revitalising town centres
Authors: Güneri Fatma , Brakel-Ahmed Fiza , Fornies Joséphine
Published: July 2024

This paper presents some preliminary recommendations for mayors looking to revitalise their town centres. Our qualitative analysis addresses four research questions which provide the mayor with new insights that should increase the town’s economic attractiveness by proposing a place marketing approach.