bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Infectious Diseases Hospital Resources During the COVID-19 Epidemic Depending on Patient Characteristics
Authors: Kiselevskaya-Babinina V. Ya. , Popugaev K. A. , Molodov V. A. , Kiselevskaya-Babinina I. V.
Published: November 2023

Background. The research of infectious hospital bed use and infectious patients’ characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic allows proposing effective management strategies for possible future epidemics.

Aim of study. The analysis of infectious bed fund use at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine (the Institute) and the characteristics of admitted patients with COVID-19 in order to determine the factors that are important for improving the medical care provision.

Material and methods. The data of 3365 patients treated at the Institute from March 2020 to June 2021 was used. Among them 1778 males, median age 62, average length of stay 11.2, mortality rates 17.8%, non-invasive mechanical ventilation was used for 21.5% of patients, invasive one — for 16%. For comparing the patients according to various characteristics, Fisher’s exact test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used. Length of stay was compared to exponential distribution using Pearson’s chi-squared test. Comorbidity was measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. For all calculations R software environment was used. Survival curves were obtained via the Kaplan-Meier method. Statistical significance was less than 0.05.

Results. Periods of increase and decrease in hospitalization number correspond to an increase and decrease in the detection of COVID-19 cases in Moscow without lag. Intensive care for COVID-19 patients was needed in 96% of cases, readmissions to intensive care – 37%. The effective ratio of intensive care to hospital beds was determined to be higher than 2/1. The improvement in resuscitation capacity helps to avoid overload with an increase in the number of patients treated. When a patient is admitted in satisfactory condition, mortality is practically zero, while with increasing severity, mortality reaches 30–100%. The mortality rates of patients treated with the help of respiratory support is 7–40 times higher than in patients with spontaneous breathing. Higher values of the Charlson Comorbidity Index correspond to increased risks of severe course and death for patients.

Conclusion. When providing medical care during the increase in number of infectious disease daily cases, the amount of deployed intensive care units becomes of a paramount importance. To determine the size of the bed fund, it is possible to use readily available estimates of the proportion of the population at risk of an adverse outcome from an infectious disease, based on the value of the Comorbidity Index.
Percutaneous Removal of Foreign Bodies From the Bile Ducts
Authors: Prozorov S. A. , Ivanov P. A.
Published: November 2023

In minimally invasive treatment of obstructive jaundice, complications may occasionally occur: separation of a fragment of a conductor, drainage, balloon catheter, poor function of a plastic endoprosthesis. There are two possible methods for percutaneous removal of foreign bodies: extraction and pushing into the duodenum. Two observations of percutaneous removal of conductor fragments from the bile ducts are presented.
Sobre José María Portillo Valdés, Una historia atlántica de los orígenes de la Nación y el Estado. España y las Españas en el siglo XIX
Authors: Pérez Vejo Tomás
Published: November 2023

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Sobre Luis Aboites, Los últimos años de la reforma agraria mexicana, 1971-1991. Una historia política desde el noroeste
Authors: Kourí Emilio
Published: November 2023

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Factores psicológicos asociados a la permanencia de estudiantes beneficiados por el Programa de Acceso-Acompañamiento Efectivo a la Educación Superior
Authors: Morales Navarro Mario , Guzmán Utreras Eduardo , Baeza Ugarte Carmen Gloria , Lizama Vidal Constanza
Published: November 2023

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue analizar la relación que poseen ciertos rasgos de la personalidad (como la responsabilidad y la apertura a la experiencia), la autoeficacia y la motivación de logro, como factores psicológicos asociados a la continuidad de 279 estudiantes universitarios que participan en el Programa de Acceso y Acompañamiento Efectivo a la Educación Superior (PACE). Utilizando una metodología cuantitativa se propuso un modelo de regresión logística que permitió concluir que la responsabilidad, la apertura a la experiencia, la autoeficacia y la motivación de logro actúan como predictores de la continuidad de estudios de los estudiantes. Los resultados profundizan en el ámbito personal de este tipo de estudiantes, aportando antecedentes para la orientación psicológica que reciben como parte del programa en su etapa de acompañamiento y preparación en la enseñanza secundaria.
New records of the feather mite Pterolichus obtusus Robin, 1877 (Acariformes: Astigmata: Pterolichidae) parasitizing chickens Gallus gallus domesticus (L.) (Galliformes: Phasianidae) in Brazil
Authors: Lacerda José Dantas Araújo , Pacheco Henri Castro , Souza Magno Chagas , Xavier Nasly Cristianna Gonçalves , da Cruz Wilton Pires , Hernandes Fabio Akashi
Published: November 2023

The feather mite Pterolichus obtusus Robin, 1877 (Astigmata: Pterolichidae) is associated with Gallus gallus domesticus (L.) worldwide. Here, we report new records of this species from rustic chickens in Brazil after a gap of 45 years, and for the first time in a northern area of this country. The major role of Brazil as one of the main chicken meat producers and exporters highlights the importance of these new findings. Knowing and keeping track of the distribution of this ectoparasitic species might offer valuable information for the development of animal health programs and policies aimed at mitigating mite pest infestations, in addition to support decision-making processes regarding research funding to study the damage caused by P. obtusus in domestic and wild fowl populations, contributing to the advancement of aviculture.
Princess Olga’s Wars With the Derevlyans. Publication of the Fragment According to the Ostroh (Khlebnikovski) Copy With Poetological Commentary
Authors: Nazarov Nazarii
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the article is to at least partially fill in some gaps in the study of the Kyivan Rus’ literary heritage. Firstly, the author proposes to consider fragments of the Tale of Bygone Years ( PVL) as independent literary works that deserve a separate study. These works may have their own textual history and distinct individual style. In order to clarify the textual history of the work, we use both direct evidence (manuscripts of the Tale of Bygone Years) and indirect evidence, in particular, the paraphrase‑translations of Jan Długosz, Maciej Stryjkovskii, and seventeenth‑century Old Ukrainian authors. Secondly, the article makes accessible for the first time a complete fragment of the PVL published from the Ostroh (Khlebnikovsky) manuscript only, including the accentuation, which is of great importance for the study of the textual history and literary formation of the PVL. Thirdly, the article provides a detailed poetologic analysis of the Tale of Olga’s Wars with the Derevlyans, shows its compositional independence from the subsequent stories about Olga, and explores its complex poetic form, built on rhetorical repetitions of the series of vocabulary, as well as on the counting of syllables and accents.
Vaccination against influenza and attitudes towards seasonal vaccination of medical students from the Medical University of Silesia
Authors: Wojczyk Marek , Rutecka Paulina , Wolak Dawid , Zięba Zuzanna , Zatłoka Dorota , Klimas Filip , Wójsik Urszula , Wójtowicz Katarzyna
Published: November 2023

Introduction

To reduce the incidence of influenza, healthcare workers and medical students are recommended to receive annual seasonal vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the behavior of students regarding their willingness to be vaccinated against influenza and the attitudes influencing their approval or disapproval of influenza vaccination.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study was designed as an online survey among students of the Medical University of Silesia (MUS) of all years and specialties, as MUS is the largest medical college in Poland. A total of 302 students participated in the study and completed an online questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The significance of the differences was tested using the chi-square test.

Results

The percentage of students who received influenza vaccinations in the past was 42.1%, and in the current influenza season (Autumn 2022) was 33.4%. The level of vaccination differed significantly depending on the study program (p < 0.001). An important variable affecting the decision to vaccinate was participation in clinical classes. Among the students taking practical classes, 59.4% were vaccinated. Most respondents had a positive opinion about influenza vaccination (98%). Belief in the effectiveness of vaccination (35.6%) was the main reason for vaccination against influenza, as indicated by the respondents. The main reason for not being vaccinated was a lack of fear of influenza infection (22.9%).

Conclusions

The results obtained in this study indicate the need to introduce changes in the field of broader education regarding the effectiveness of vaccinations in reducing the number of influenza virus infections among medical students.
The Impact that Gait Disorders Have on the Quality of Life of Patients Admitted for Rehabilitation Treatement
Authors: Minea Mihaela , Hangan Laurențiu-Tony , Chirilă Sergiu , Iliescu Mădălina-Gabriela
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Human gait is the motor ability which leads body to move being accepted as a defining factor of wellbeing. We aimed to identify the gait disorders of patients with different pathologies, admitted in our unit and their effects on functionality and quality of life.

Material and Methods: We used a descriptive study, which included 79 patients hospitalized in our rehabilitation unit during four weeks. We collected demographical, social and medical data, information about characteristics and age of the walking disorders, and daily level of physical activity and quantified the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Disability Index (DI). Each patient had been clinically evaluated, the gait was assessed and the functional independence measure (FIM), body mass index (BMI), risk of falling (RF) were calculated.

Results: Subjects of our group were aged 60,72 ± 10,3, 49 women and 30 men. They were admitted for rheumatological diseases (50), neurological pathologies (26) and 3 for healing after trauma. 24 patients of our group considered that a normal gait is the most important aspect of their wellbeing. After clinical evaluation, we identified 35 patients with gait disorders. Five of them didn’t consider that they had any walking changes, 19 were able to walk without any help, 3 were wearing plantar orthoses, 4 patients needed walking sticks, 2 subjects frame and another 2 used the wheelchair. We found a direct correlation between HAQ-DI and gait changes length.

Conclusions: Gait disorders influence the quality of life and if they aren’t corrected, the functional capacity decreases.
Ergonomics - Noise and Ilumination in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Nastasie Alina Constantina , Severin Beatrice
Published: November 2023

Applied ergonomics in the pharmaceutical industry, involves the design and adaptation of work spaces from the production area, equipment and tasks for operator safety, noise level and lighting, being the factors that create real discomfort. The noise is present in all machines in this industry, the noise level being the one that requires additional protection measures for some machines. In the following, the analysis of the data collected from the occupational medicine and the measurements carried out, it was found that the wearing hearing protection equipment and optimization of lighting are mandatory at the level of departments production, especially hearing protection is mandatory at the level of tablet presses, because the noise level is the highest with these machines.
Exploring Patient, Physician, and Pharmacist Perspectives on the Substitution of Branded Medications with Generics in Community Pharmacies: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Pereanu Andreea
Published: November 2023

This paper evaluates the influence of a number of factors taken into account when a branded drug is replaced by a generic. It also assesses the responses of healthcare professionals - doctors and pharmacists -and patients on the issue of replacing the two classes of medicines. We compared their responses to identify new points of cooperation for the desired benefit of the patient. Thus, we extracted information from all three groups, consisting of 10 doctors, 10 pharmacists and 50 patients. We gathered information on age, residence, income level and education level for patients, as well as age and experience of specialists. Based on the survey responses, replacing the original drug with a generic one raises many issues, such as lack of information for the patient and specialist, lack of collaboration between doctor and pharmacist, ineffective communication between specialist and patient, and the influence of the general problem related to profit.
Unique common fixed points in metric-like space
Authors: Bouhadjera Hakima , Saïfia Ouarda , Ouldji Sofiane
Published: November 2023

In this article, two unique common fixed point theorems for four self-maps on a metric-like space by using the concept of occasionally weakly biased maps of type (𝒜) are proved. Our results represent an improvement and extension of some fixed point findings. We justify our results by giving two appropriate examples.
Eigenstructure and Voronovskaja type formula for a sequence of integral operators
Authors: Motronea Gabriela , Steopoaie Ancuţa Emilia
Published: November 2023

The composition ℱ
n
of Rathore and Gamma operators was considered in the literature. We introduce a generalization of ℱ
n
. For it we determine the eigenstructure and establish the corresponding Voronovskaja type formula.
Various fractional-order type operators and some of their implications to certain normalized functions analytic in the open unit disc
Authors: Irmak Hüseyin
Published: November 2023

In this scientific research note, certain necessary-basic information in relation to some types of the operators specified by fractional calculus of arbitrary order will be firstly introduced, various argument properties of certain analytic functions specified by those fractional-order type operators will be then determined, and a number of special consequences of those extensive properties will be also pointed out.
Fixed Point Theorems for Integral-type Weak-Contraction Mappings in Modular Metric Spaces
Authors: Paul Mithun , Sarkar Krishnadhan , Tiwary Kalishankar
Published: November 2023

In 2013, Azadifar et al. [3] established fixed point result in integral type contraction in modular metric space and 2020, Chaira et al.[11] established some extensions of Fixed Point Theorems for Weak-Contraction Mapping in Partially Ordered Modular Metric Spaces.

In this paper we have established some common fixed point results in integral type contractions in modular and convex modular metric spaces.
Stability and convergence of Jungck-modified three-step iteration scheme using contractive condition
Authors: Temir Seyit
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this paper is to establish convergence and stability of Jungck -modified three-step iterations for three nonself mappings in a Banach space. The results obtained in this paper extend and improve the recent ones announced by Khan et al., Olatinwo, Hussain et al. and many papers.
Startups’ organizational resilience in post-COVID times
Authors: Korpysa Jarosław , Judit Oláh
Published: November 2023

The paper is theoretical and empirical. Its basic purpose is to examine the resilience of organizational startups during the post-COVID-19 pandemic. The basic research method used in the study was CAWI. The group of surveyed companies consisted of startups operating in Zachodniopomorskie, Wielkopolskie, and Lubuskie voivodeships. The survey covered 62 enterprises in 2022. The research revealed that owing to their organizational resilience the startups were able to adapt to the changes in the market. Thus, on the one hand, they were able to quickly tailor their offer to the current needs of customers, and on the other hand, they could modify the processes taking place inside the company. As a result of these measures, the startups increased their revenues, which may directly determine the future competitiveness of the surveyed companies.
Preparation and characterization of BiOCl/TiO2/MMT composite materials
Authors: Tuo Biyang , Shi Xiulong , Tian Jinwang , Wang Jianli
Published: November 2023

To broaden the light response range of TiO2 and improve its photocatalytic activity, BiOCl/TiO2/MMT composite materials (BTMC) with outstanding photocatalytic performance were prepared by the sol-gel method with montmorillonite (MMT) as the supporting material, tetrabutyl titanate as titanium source and, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate as the bismuth source. The properties of the prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), surface and porosity analysis (BET), scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). When the Bi/Ti molar ratio was 20%, the composite material exhibited a slit mesoporous structure, and its specific surface area was 109.02 m2/g, with optimum photocatalytic activity. TiO2 and BiOCl formed the type-II heterojunction on the surface of MMT, which facilitates the transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity of BTMC-20. The results of this study indicated that BTMC-20 is a promising photocatalytic composite material and has better photocatalytic properties under visible light.
Scientific Basis for the Substantiation of Process Regulations for the Micro-Cutting of Hardened Gears
Authors: Klochko Alexander , Basova Yevheniia , Gasanov Magomediemin , Zakovorotny Alexander , Fedorenko Vitaly , Myronenko Oleh , Vorontsov Borys , Ryazantsev Anton , Protasov Roman
Published: November 2023

The paper considers scientific principles of technological procedure development for the selection and assignment of parameters of velocity machining by blade tool at gear milling with due regard to the required parameters of the gear surface layer. Optimum micro-cutting conditions are determined when full participation in stock removal of all mill teeth is provided. Technological regulation of selection and setting of machining parameters is spread for gear hobbing of the spur gear wheels with fine-modular and coarse-modular hardness (220...320 HV) and after heat treatment (HRC46...63). Correlation with essential parameters of the surface layer, cutting depth, feed, speed and radius of rounding of the cutting edge of milling cutters’ teeth is established. It is scientifically grounded, tested, and proved at what modes of cutting, the radius of rounding of cutting edge of the cutting tool is made metal removal at oncoming and passing high-speed micro milling. The process of determining of minimal sliding angle, or maximum value (without the use of coolant and with coolant), in which there is no micro-cutting process taking into account variation of variable parameters of cutting conditions and geometrical parameters of hobbing cutters is modelled. For the first time, we ascertained the relation between the sliding angle and the maximum contact angle of the mill tooth with the work surface, which allowed determine the efficiency of the shaping process through coefficient (without coolant and with coolant).
Nonlinear Cell Deformation Model
Authors: Mendová Katarína , Otáhal Martin , Daniel Matej
Published: November 2023

Cytoskeletal mechanics is a field that heavily relies on mathematical models to interpret experimental data related to forces and deformations. In this paper, we present a novel mathematical model designed specifically for analysing the mechanical properties of liposomes, which serve as model systems for studying biological membranes. Our model takes into account various factors such as stretching, bending, and contact adhesion during atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation using a spherical tip. By applying our model to liposomes, we demonstrate that these structures exhibit nonlinear behaviour characterized by low stiffness at small deformations. Furthermore, we find that the mechanical response of liposomes is influenced by their size. Additionally, we observe that the presence of adhesion energy contributes to the generation of negative tip forces upon initial contact.
Deindustrialization and the Real-Estate– Development–Driven Housing Regime. The Case of Romania in Global Context
Authors: Vincze Enikő
Published: November 2023

The article examines how deindustrialization as economic restructuring and housing regime changes evolved interconnectedly in Romania during the Great Transformation from state socialism to neoliberal capitalism. This article also explores how they acted as conditions for the emergence of a real-estate-development-driven housing regime (REDD-HR) alongside other factors. The analysis is from the perspective of the geographical political economy on the variegated pathways of these phenomena across borders and secondary statistical data collected by two research projects conducted in Romania in the past two years. In the Eastern semiperiphery of global capitalism or a country of the Global Easts with a socialist legacy, after 1990, the state restructured the economy by privatizing industry and public housing. During state socialism, the housing regime supported industrialization-based urbanization, whereas deindustrialization-cumprivatization in emerging capitalism facilitated the appearance of real estate development. On the one hand, the article enriches studies on deindustrialization by highlighting the role of housing in the transformation of industrial relations; on the other hand, the paper revisits housing studies by analyzing deindustrialization as a process with an impact on the changing housing regime. Altogether, deindustrialization-cum-privatization and the changing housing sector are analyzed as prerequisites of the REDD-HR.
Arbeitsmarktdaten: Gesetzesänderungen gefordert
Authors: Gathmann Christina , von Gaudecker Hans-Martin , Riphahn Regina T.
Published: November 2023

In recent years, access to German research data on labour markets and social insurances has improved substantially. Nevertheless, reforms are urgently needed to catch up with other countries. Among the most important measures, the German government should legalise the merging of information from heterogeneous data sources for research, make more register available for research, harmonise the handling of data protection, and make remote desktop data accessible more broadly. Research data availability is essential for a functioning and informed democracy that aims to use its resources wisely and to learn from experience.
Unternehmensinsolvenzen in Deutschland
Authors: Müller Steffen
Published: November 2023

Corporate bankruptcy in Germany has been on a long-run decline. Even before the recent double crisis of the pandemic and multiple cost shocks, bankruptcy figures were one-third lower than around the turn of the century but were larger and affected more mature firms. With the onset of the double crisis, bankruptcies plummeted further while the number of affected jobs rose initially. Government rescue programmes hindered the exit of many small unproductive firms. Since mid-2023, bankruptcies of registered firms are higher than before the pandemic. Due to the current recession and the need to repay government support, the number of bankruptcies will rise until the end of 2023 and likely beyond.
Production of corn and Soybean Cultivated in Succession and Rotation with Different Coverages in the Cerrado
Authors: Torres José Luiz Rodrigues , Vieira Dinamar Márcia da Silva , Orioli Júnior Valdeci , Daineis Rafael , Pinto Valdomiro Bernardes , Alves Caio Provazi Monteiro , Guimarães Caio Campos , Santana Gustavo de Melo
Published: November 2023

Objective: To evaluate the dry mass production of coverings and the productivity of corn and soybeans grown in succession.
 
Method/design/approach: In a randomized block design, with subdivided plots, four covers were evaluated: Sunn hemp, Pearl millet, Signal grass and fallow; at two times of the year: spring and autumn/winter, with 4 repetitions. After cover management, the plots were subdivided, then corn and soybeans were sown on the residues of these plants. The dry mass production of the coverings and the productivity of corn and soybeans in each harvest were evaluated.
 
Result and conclusion: Pearl millet and Sunn hemp were the covers with the highest dry mass production, with Sunn hemp residues positively influencing the production of corn grown in succession and none of the plants used affected soybean production. Corn and soybean production increased as the system stages evolved until reaching the consolidation stage.
 
Research implications: the study proves that residues from different coverings that are used in rotation with corn can affect its productivity, especially when the covering comes from a Fabacea, as there is more nitrogen available in the soil in these areas, which come from of biological fixation carried out by these plants, while the same does not happen with soybeans.
 
Originality/value: The search for maintaining or increasing crop production using a more conservationist management system in the cerrado is a constant, a condition that is achieved when the appropriate cover plant is chosen.
Role of Public Relations in Employees’ Compensation Scheme Awareness: A Case Study of Nigeria Social Insurance Trust Fund (NSITF), Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf L. Hashim  , Dr. Huzaifa M. Jangebe  , Umar Usman  , Umar A. Arabo
Published: November 2023

This study examines how NSITF utilizes Public Relations to create awareness on Employees' compensation Scheme in various organizations or institutions across the nation. Public Relations is effective when it comes to creating awareness of Employees’ Compensation Scheme. The study also found that employees in Katsina State agreed to the fact that Public Relations is utilized in creating awareness to them of different compensation schemes available in the NSITF. According to the findings of this research, this could be attributed to the benefits of Employees' Compensation Scheme employees stand to enjoy, which they were informed through Public Relations. Some of these benefits include: Employees do not contribute to the scheme, but only the employer contributes on their behalf; Cause of injury or who is at fault is irrelevant in making claims and Prompt payment of compensation. The study, therefore, recommends, among other things, that employees, be they in the private or public sector of the economy, require adequate protection and security throughout his/her lifetime in active service. Therefore, it is essential to reposition NSITF, Katsina, to meet its obligations regarding ECS implementation. Also, PR awareness remains key to effective Employee's Compensation Scheme Implementation and thus, the need for more investment in PR activities such as Media Relations, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Employee Relations, etc, to create more awareness on ECS as this would go a long way in expanding the coverage of the scheme.
Demographic Characteristics of Students and Their Level of Mathematics Anxiety
Authors: Hardi Abdul Rahaman  , Abdulai Boare Iddrisu  , Christopher Saaha Bornaa  , Stephen Atepor
Published: November 2023

Students at all educational levels often suffer from the common and frequently crippling condition known as mathematics anxiety, which has a negative impact on academic performance, the ability of students to solve mathematical problems, and their general attitude toward mathematics. Studies have examined the variables that impact math anxiety. However, there is little information on how students' background influences their level of anxiety. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether or not demographic characteristics such as age, class, field of study, and parents' education level affect students' level of math fear. 385 students were selected to participate in the study using simple random sampling, which employed a quantitative technique and an analytical cross-sectional design. In addition to the primary data collection, which includes a questionnaire (Mathematics Anxiety Scale), a complete literature review was carried out. Chi-Square was used to analyse the field data collected. The investigation's findings demonstrated that students' levels of mathematics anxiety are influenced by their class, study program, and kind of school. However, age and the educational level of the parents have no bearing on the Mathematics Anxiety Level. It is, therefore, recommended for policymakers, educators, parents, and all necessary stakeholders to promote a positive learning environment to foster resilience, confidence, and a positive mindset toward mathematics to enhance performance.
The Role of Biomass in the Synthesis of Geopolymers: A Review
Authors: Maria Kaka Etete Enoh
Published: November 2023

The need to attain a sustainable economy has encouraged researchers to develop alternate routes to the production of geopolymers. Considering the high emissions of CO2 in the production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), geopolymers which are conventionally produced by mixing an aluminosilicate source with activators, are projected as their possible substitutes due to their lower emissions. There is, however, a need to further reduce the effect of their synthesis on other environmental indices and also lower production costs. Several sources of biomass such as rice husk, sugar cane bagasse, olive pine bottom ash, maize husk, maize cob and many others, due to their renewable form and high silica content, have been investigated for this purpose. Calcium-rich ashes such as wood ash have also been used. The results obtained vary widely but also suggest that there are feasible replacements for the synthetic silicate solution. This review projects results obtained from various researchers and various sources of biomass and compares their methods of introducing biomass in geopolymer binders.
Oasis Training Model to Improve Community Skills in Urban Agriculture in Makassar City, Indonesia
Authors: A.Tenri Ulfa Salam  , Bakhrani A. Rauf  , Dr. Moh. Ahsan S. Mandra
Published: November 2023

The development of urban agriculture, especially in Makassar City, is still experiencing problems even though the Makassar City government has made various efforts to develop urban agriculture. This is based on a lack of understanding of the importance of urban agriculture and community skills in urban agricultural activities. Therefore, this study aims to develop community skills through counseling using the urban agricultural education model. The type of research used is research and development (R&D). This study uses a 4D model to develop the OASIS module and analyzes the paired sample t-test to test the effectiveness of the modules that have been developed. The number of samples in this study was 20 respondents for the experimental group and 20 respondents for the control group, which was carried out by purposive sampling method. The results of the study show that the OASIS extension model that has been developed is valid, practical and effective in improving the skills of extension participants. These results are based on a paired sample t-test statistic which shows that there was a significant increase in skills in the experimental group after receiving counseling about urban farming, while in the control group, there was no significant increase because they were not given educational counseling about urban agriculture.
Evaluation of the Source Concentration of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emissions from Cement Milling and Grinding Facilities in Athi River, Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Jermaine O. Omulami  , Patrick K. Tum  , Rachael E. N. Njogu  , Dickson M. Andala  , George O. Achieng’
Published: November 2023

In this study, two cement factories in Athi River, Machakos County, in Kenya, were selected to determine the source concentrations of particulate matter and flue gases emitted into the environment and their subsequent downwind dispersion. Cement Factory 1 (CF1) contained one sampling point (Stack 1) and Cement Factory 2 (CF2) contained two points (Stacks 2a and 2b). Particulate matter was sampled isokinetically using an isokinetic Source Sampler-XC-572-V and its concentration was determined gravimetrically. Flue gas sampling and determination of concentration were done using an Emission Analyser E6000-5SC. The sampling procedures were based on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard methods. Unlike carbon dioxide (24062±3340 mg/Nm3) from CF1, the stack emission concentration showed that the concentrations of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from both cement factories were below the permissible limits under the Environmental Management and Coordination (Air Quality) Regulation, (EMCA) 2014 and World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines, 2021.
Extensiveness of Guidance and Counseling Services in Influencing Students’ Compliance with School Rules and Regulations in Public Secondary Schools in Muleba District, Tanzania
Authors: Yusta Martin  , Dr. Peter Siamoo  , Dr. Adam Joseph Chidyau
Published: November 2023

This study sought to establish the extensiveness of guidance and counseling services in influencing students’ compliance with school rules and regulations through a convergent design under a mixed research approach. The study targeted 39 public secondary schools with 39 heads of schools, 39 school counselors, 843 teachers, and 27477 students, making a total of 28398 in Muleba District. The sample purposively involved 8 heads of schools and 8 school counselors in an interview, while 80 teachers and 96 students were randomly selected to respond to the questionnaires. Quantitative data were descriptively analyzed with the help of the SPSS, while qualitative data were thematically summarized. The study found that there are opposing opinions between teacher counselors and students on the use of guidance and counseling in secondary schools. The extreme majority of the teachers indicated applying guidance and counseling principles in helping students comply with rules. Students revealed that they are not very considerate about providing services in complying with school rules and regulations. The study concluded that guidance and counseling services are used by teachers to enable students to comply with school rules and regulations to a high extent despite the fact that students' indiscipline cases are on the rise. The study concludes further that the guidance and counseling services offered by secondary teachers are not adequately used to subject students to observe school rules and regulations. The study recommends that the government train and employ more qualified counselors who are well-equipped with knowledge on providing guidance and counseling to enhance students' compliance with school rules and regulations.
Assessment of FinTan Innovative Pedagogy Model in Enhancing Student Co-Creation Behaviour in Selected Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania
Authors: Lidya Joseph Mushi  , Dr. Victorini Salema  , Dr. Efraim Michael Kosia
Published: November 2023

The study assessed the FinTan Innovative Pedagogy Model in enhancing students' co-creation behaviour in three Higher Education Institutions in Tanzania. The study was guided by the Boyor Model, and a convergent research design under a mixed research approach was employed. The target population was three higher learning institutions, 210 lecturers, 700 students, and 9 team leaders who were beneficiaries of the FinTan innovative pedagogy model. A stratified random and purposive sampling technique was used to draw the sample for the study, which consisted of 327 respondents. Questionnaires and interview guide instruments were used to collect data that was validated by researchers and evaluation expertise from the MWECAU faculty of education and Cronbach's Alpha was used to ensure reliability. Interview guides were validated by evaluation expertise; trustworthiness and triangulation were used for reliability. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study found that lecturers and students plan outreach activities together; however, the mean scores of lecturers differed on how FinTan enhances co-creation behaviour among students. The study recommended that FinTan should be used to develop co-creation behaviours to enhance skills among students.
Tutors’ Perspectives of Factors Affecting the Implementation of the Four-Year Bachelor of Education Science Curriculum in the Colleges of Education in Ghana
Authors: Collins Dauda Amadu  , Karim Alhassan Ali  , Joseph Dominic Andoh-Kesson  , Anankabiik Joseph Awonbiik  , Charles Kojo Assuah
Published: November 2023

This study examined the factors affecting the implementation of the four-year bachelor of education (B.Ed) science curriculum in the colleges of education in Ghana. The study was a qualitative one that focused mainly on the account of science tutors who have been implementing the new curriculum since its inception in 2018. Data were collected from 2 colleges of education in the Tamale Metropolis in the Northern Region. The instrument used in collecting data was an observation checklist, which focused on the facilities in the colleges for effective implementation in relation to the benchmarks set by Rogan and Grayson's (2003) Framework for Science Curriculum Implementation. The other instrument was a semi-structured interview guide, which sought to find out the tutors' perspectives regarding the issue affecting the implementation. The study found that the college tutors have had some support, such as workshops, seminars and materials from external agencies for the implementation of the curriculum. However, the colleges lacked critical facilities such as well-equipped laboratories and libraries. The tutors recounted several challenges, such as heavy workload, lack of motivation, and unstable academic calendars, among others, which adversely affected the successful implementation of the curriculum. The study recommended that the science laboratories and libraries should be properly resourced to ensure effective teaching and learning of science. Furthermore, the study urged the Ghanaian Government to provide the needed infrastructure, such as dormitories and classrooms, to end the multi-phased semester system that interrupts academic work in the colleges of education.
Influence of Financial Gearing on Volatility of Stock Returns at the NSE in Kenya
Authors: Caleb Orenge Nyarikini  , Robert Kisavi Mule  , Priscilla Ombongi
Published: November 2023

This study sought to examine the effect of financial gearing on firm-specific volatility of stock returns. Efficient Market Hypothesis, Modern Portfolio Theory and Fama & French three-factor model informed the study. The research employed a quantitative approach with a correlational research design using secondary data. Firms forming the NSE 25 share index formed the target population (N = 25), with annual data for 10 years from 2010 to 2019, yielding 250 data points. Fixed effects dynamic panel data regression model was used to analyse data. The results indicated that Financial Gearing measured by DCR has a positive and significant relationship with idiosyncratic volatility of stock returns (DCR: β = 0.455505, p=0.0000). On the other hand, the result showed a negative and significant relationship between financial gearing, measured as AER, and volatility of stock returns (AER: β = - 0.025187, P = 0.0037);. the overall model significance r2 was r2 = 63.3907%. The study concludes that financial gearing (DCR) is a significant positive predictor of stock return volatility at the NSE, while AER is a significant negative predictor of stock return volatility. It is recommended that NSE-listed firms should decrease their capital expenditure, use more internal sources of finance and focus more on wealth maximization objectives to reduce the volatility of stock returns.
The Effect of Cash Flow on the Financial Performance of Listed Insurance Firms in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
Authors: Celestine Wandabusi  , Micah Odhiambo Nyamita  , Benjamin Owuor Ombok
Published: November 2023

The financial performance of listed insurance companies holds utmost significance as they undertake enduring investments across diverse market conditions, aiming to optimize returns while ensuring sustainable growth, compensation, and risk management. Despite all these, their financial performance has remained low and unstable, as evidenced by inconsistent revenues, which is a worrying situation that is affecting the financial system and weakening Kenya's economy due to its contribution. Empirical information reveals that cash flow is very critical for any business's survival since its inadequacy leads to eventual business failure or and firm’s inability to grow. The analysis of existing empirical studies on cash flow underscores its role in augmenting corporate financial performance, although it fails to provide a conclusive stance on its impact. This research aims to investigate the influence of cash flow on the financial performance of insurance firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. The study is framed within the context of the pecking order theory. Employing a correlational research design, the investigation focuses on six (6) listed insurance entities at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, utilizing a census technique for data collection via the review of documents as a secondary data source. Through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical methods to the data, the ensuing findings revealed a noteworthy positive impact (β=0.326043, P=0.017). This suggests that a marginal augmentation in cash flow corresponds to a substantial 32.6% upsurge in the financial performance of the insurance firms listed. Consequently, the null hypothesis was invalidated. In conclusion, it is ascertained that cash flow indeed wields influence over the financial performance of listed insurance entities in the Kenyan context. As a recommendation, insurance-listed firms on the NSE are advised to prioritize internal financing for bolstering cash holdings, as opposed to external funding, thereby fostering heightened returns and enhanced financial performance.
Firm Financial Characteristics and Leverage of Listed Commercial and Allied Companies in Nairobi Securities Exchanges
Authors: Helen Wairimu Kinyua
Published: November 2023

The ability to borrow is anchored on an organization to raise required collateral security, cash flow, profitability, firm size, among others. There has not been any consensus on the influence of firm financial characteristics on leverage since some have positive, negative, significant and non-significant influences on leverage. Moreover, most studies have been considering all listed companies in the absence of time-invariant characteristics and specific risk considerations that vary from listing sectors. Hence, the current study examined the influence of firm financial characteristics on the leverage of listed commercial and allied companies in Nairobi securities exchanges. Specifically, the study examined the effect of tangibility of assets, profitability, firm size, and growth opportunities on leverage. Moreover, the moderating effect of operating cash flows was examined. The study was based on the pecking order theory. Secondary data were collected for the period 2008-2016. Data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques. Study findings indicated tangibility of assets and growth opportunities has an inverse and significant influence on leverage. Profitability has a positive and not significant influence on leverage. Firm size has an inverse and not significant influence on leverage. Moreover, operating cash flow has a moderating effect on the influence of firm financial characteristics on the short leverage of listed commercial and services firms in Nairobi securities exchange. Listed companies should consider exploration of opportunities that would maintain significant co-movement between firm financial characteristics and leverage of listed commercial and allied companies in Nairobi securities exchange. The management of Nairobi securities exchanges and capital market authority ought to develop measures to recruit more companies to be listed to enhance the odds of access to finance.
Teacher Motivation Factors Affecting Quality Education in Public Primary Schools in Dungu – Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Blaise Mbikoyezu Mersi  , Dr. Jonas Yawovi Dzinekou  , Dr. Peter Kimuru Mugambi
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the teacher motivation factors that influence quality education in public primary schools in Dungu sub-county/Democratic Republic of Congo. The study specifically sought to determine the extent to which salaries and incentives, teacher training and professional development opportunities, and the safety of the school environment influence quality education. Human motivation theory anchored the study. A descriptive research design was adopted. The research was conducted among head teachers and teachers. The sample size comprised 280 teachers and 95 head teachers after Sloven’s formula. Simple random sampling was used in collecting data from head teachers, while stratified sampling was applied to teachers. The research instrument consisted of questionnaires. The findings indicated that salaries and other incentives were very important for overall school performance, although the current pay and benefits for teachers were not satisfactory. It was also found that the opportunity for teacher professional development was very important, but the respondents were dissatisfied with current opportunities. The study further established that despite the safety of the school environment being very important, the respondents were dissatisfied with the current environment. The study concluded that teacher motivation had a positive correlation with quality education. The study recommended that the government should review the salary of teachers to make it competitive as well as offer benefits. Another recommendation was that salary of teachers should be paid on time and should be equitable for all. It was finally recommended that the security of the area should be ensured for safe teaching and learning.