bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inundated Areas Extraction Based on Raindrop Photometric Model (RPM) in Surveillance Video
Authors: Lv Yunzhe , Gao Wei , Yang Chen , Wang Ning
Published: September 2018

Monitoring and assessing urban flood disasters is the key to reducing the damage of this hazard. The urban surveillance video, with the advantages of flexibility and low cost, has been used as an effective real-time data source to monitor urban flooding. The paper presents an inundated area extraction method based on raindrop photometric model. The proposed method operates on the video and divides the task into two steps: (1) extracting water surface, followed by (2) refining inundated areas. At the first step in the process, the water covered areas are extracted from the variation of video in time series. This procedure was an improved version of the raindrop photometric model. Constrained information, especially road ranges, was obtained from video background image which has eliminated interference factors. Then inundated areas can be refined with the constraint information. Experiments performed on different locations show that the proposed method can provide more reliable results than the traditional method based on spectral features.
Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Practices on Runoff, Sediment and Nutrient Losses
Authors: Han Yuguo , Feng Gary , Ouyang Ying
Published: September 2018

Rainfall is a major dynamic source of soil erosion and nutrient loss on slopes. Soil and water conservation practices and agricultural activities can change the soil surface morphology and thus affect erosion and nutrient losses. This study focused on the effects of several typical soil and water conservation practices and agricultural land, for the purpose of: (1) determining how these practices prevent erosion and nutrient loss and identifying the hydrodynamic mechanisms; and (2) determining the application conditions for different practices. Runoff, sediment, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in fish-scale pits, agricultural land, narrow terraces, shrub cover and bare land, under rainfall events in rainy seasons (from May to November) during the 2010–2015 period, were monitored. Slope hydrodynamic mechanisms and application conditions of these practices were also investigated. The results showed that compared with bare land, fish-scale pits performed the best in preventing runoff, sediment, TN and TP, followed by 30% shrub coverage, narrow terraces and agricultural land, successively. Total runoff, sediment, TN and TP losses in fish-scale pits site were 19.70%, 2.03%, 10.10% and 35.97% of those in bare land of the same area, respectively. Soil and water conservation practices could change the hydraulic characteristics of slopes, decrease Re (Reynolds) and Fr (Froude) numbers, thereby decreasing runoff, sediment, TN and TP losses. Fish-scale pits were suitable for the areas with small single rainfall and good water permeability. When rainfall was greater than 60 mm, narrow terraces had highest efficiency in reducing sediment loss; therefore, they were suitable for the areas with relatively high rainfall intensity and soils similar to the sandy loams of the study area. As to the practice of covering land with plants, the effect was sustainable due to the plants’ long-term growth. Agricultural land was not recommended since the losses on it were relatively higher due to the impact of human activities. In reality, these practices may be applied in combination so as to effectively control water, soil and nutrient losses.
Early Indices of Reduced Cochlear Function in Young Adults with Type-1 Diabetes Revealed by DPOAE Fine Structure
Authors: Spankovich Christopher , Long Glenis R. , Hood Linda J.
Published: September 2018

Background:The relationship between type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and cochlear dysfunction remains inconclusive.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) in normal-hearing young adults with type-1 DM as compared with matched controls
and identify potential covariates influencing OAE findings.Research Design:Cross-sectional study.Study Sample:N = 40 young adults aged 18‐28 years including individuals with type-1 DM (n = 20) and age‐gender matched controls (n = 20) with normal hearing sensitivity.Data
Collection and Analysis:Measures of pure-tone threshold sensitivity and OAEs, including distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), transient evoked OAEs, and DPOAE fine structure, were compared between groups. Covariates such as noise exposure and DM-related factors (e.g., duration
of disease, glycated hemoglobin levels) were considered. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance and linear regression.Results:Measures of hearing sensitivity and auditory function in both groups were comparable for all assays, except DPOAE fine structure. A reduced number
of fine structure peaks and component amplitudes were found in the type-1 diabetes DM group with the primary difference in the reflection component.Conclusions:The results indicate that reduced cochlear function in young adults with type-1 DM can be revealed using DPOAE fine structure,
suggesting potential clinical applications of DPOAE fine structure in early identification of cochlear pathology. Potential factors underlying these findings are discussed.
Steep Hard-X-Ray Spectra Indicate Extremely High Accretion Rates in Weak Emission-line Quasars*
Authors: Marlar Andrea , Shemmer Ohad , Anderson S. F. , Brandt W. N. , Diamond-Stanic A. M. , Fan X. , Luo B. , Plotkin R. M. , Richards Gordon T. , Schneider D. P. , Wu Jianfeng
Published: September 2018

We present XMM-Newton imaging spectroscopy of 10 weak emission-line quasars (WLQs) at

, six of which are radio-quiet, and four that are radio-intermediate. The new X-ray data enabled us to measure the power-law photon index, at rest-frame energies >2 keV, in each source with relatively high accuracy. These measurements allowed us to confirm previous reports that WLQs have steeper X-ray spectra, suggesting higher accretion rates with respect to “typical” quasars. A comparison between the photon indices of our radio-quiet WLQs and those of a control sample of 85 sources shows that the first are significantly higher, at the ≳3σ level. Collectively, the four radio-intermediate WLQs have lower photon indices with respect to the six radio-quiet WLQs, as may be expected if the spectra of the first group are contaminated by X-ray emission from a jet. Therefore, in the absence of significant jet emission along our line of sight, these results are in agreement with the idea that WLQs constitute the extreme high end of the accretion-rate distribution in quasars. We detect soft excess emission in our lowest-redshift radio-quiet WLQ, in agreement with previous findings suggesting that the prominence of this feature is associated with a high accretion rate. We have not detected signatures of Compton reflection, Fe Kα lines, or strong variability between two X-ray epochs in any of our WLQs, which can be attributed to their relatively high luminosity.
Radial Convection in Hot Accretion Flows
Authors: Ghasemnezhad Maryam , Samadi Maryam
Published: September 2018

In this work, we study the vertical structure of a hot accretion flow by taking into account radial transportation of angular momentum and energy due to the presence of turbulence, convection, and outflow. We write the hydrodynamics equations in the spherical coordinates, and, based on the assumptions of axisymmetric and steady state, we simplify the basic equations. Employing self-similar solutions in the radial direction and finding proper boundary conditions, we solve the ordinary differential equations with respect to the polar angle. Considering the meridional component of the velocity field, we find inflow–outflow solutions. In order to formulate the convection term, we introduce two parameters, i.e., α

c
and g as free parameters. The first one is called the convection parameter and the greater value of it makes the convection more effective in changing the flow dynamics. The second one, g, varies between zero and unity (where g = 1 implies that the convection behaves similarly to the turbulence viscosity and g = 0 means the convection behaves in the opposite direction of viscosity). Our results show that the accretion rate decreases with greater α

c
and it makes the disk warmer and intensifies the outflows from the disk's surface. On the other hand, the g parameter affects the flow in an opposite manner compared to the convection parameter and makes the disk rotate and accrete faster.
Oxygen Isotopic Exchange between Amorphous Silicate and Water Vapor and Its Implications for Oxygen Isotopic Evolution in the Early Solar System
Authors: Yamamoto Daiki , Kuroda Minami , Tachibana Shogo , Sakamoto Naoya , Yurimoto Hisayoshi
Published: September 2018

Meteoritic evidence suggests that oxygen isotopic exchange between 16O-rich amorphous silicate dust and 16O-poor water vapor occurred in the early solar system. In this study, we experimentally investigated the kinetics of oxygen isotopic exchange between submicron-sized amorphous forsterite grains and water vapor at protoplanetary disk-like low pressures of water vapor. The isotopic exchange reaction rate is controlled either by diffusive isotopic exchange in the amorphous structure or by the supply of water molecules from the vapor phase. The diffusive oxygen isotopic exchange occurred with a rate constant D (m2 s−1) = (1.5 ± 1.0) × 10−19 exp[−(161.5 ± 14.1 (kJ mol−1))R
−1(1/T−1/1200)] at temperatures below ∼800–900 K, and the supply of water molecules from the vapor phase could determine the rate of oxygen isotopic exchange at higher temperatures in the protosolar disk. On the other hand, the oxygen isotopic exchange rate dramatically decreases if the crystallization of amorphous forsterite precedes the oxygen isotopic exchange reaction with amorphous forsterite. According to the kinetics for oxygen isotopic exchange in protoplanetary disks, original isotopic compositions of amorphous forsterite dust could be preserved only if the dust was kept at temperatures below 500–600 K in the early solar system. The 16O-poor signatures for the most pristine silicate dust observed in cometary materials implies that the cometary silicate dust experienced oxygen isotopic exchange with 16O-poor water vapor through thermal annealing at temperatures higher than 500–600 K prior to their accretion into comets in the solar system.
The Fargo Method for Keplerian Advection: Error Analysis and Correction
Authors: Shariff Karim , Wray Alan
Published: September 2018

The Fargo  method alleviates the time-step constraint due to Keplerian advection by shifting flow quantities an integer number of grid intervals in the azimuthal direction. We point out that the implied change of the azimuthal coordinate means that all radial derivatives must carry an extra operator,

, which is not present in current implementations and therefore implies an error. Here, t
0 is time at the beginning of a time step,

is the rotation rate in the coordinate transformation, and ϕ is the azimuthal coordinate. If the quantity

were smooth, the factor

would imply that the error is first-order in time. However, integerization in the original Fargo scheme means that

is a δ-function wherever

suffers a jump, so the error becomes unbounded (but more localized) in a finite-difference or finite-volume setting as the radial grid size

. Numerical tests showed that the original Fargo method produces noticeable errors where

has a jump. These errors are advected by the flow into the rest of the domain. Even if integerization were not employed, the Fargo code is second-order in time and evaluates transport terms at

therefore, the extra operator

still cannot be neglected. The correction proposed here is to perform a continuous-in-r shift at the end of each time step using a fast Fourier transform and to include the additional operator. Simulation tests including cpu times are provided for a scheme that is fourth-order in space and time.
The Effect of Jupiter's Formation on the Distribution of Refractory Elements and Inclusions in Meteorites
Authors: Desch Steven J. , Kalyaan Anusha , Alexander Conel M. O’D.
Published: September 2018

We present a comprehensive evolutionary model of the Sun’s protoplanetary disk, constructed to resolve the “CAI storage problem” of meteoritics. We predict the abundances of calcium-rich, aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) and refractory lithophile elements under the central assumption that Jupiter’s ∼30 M
⊕ core formed at about 3 au at around 0.6 Myr and opened a gap. CAIs were trapped in the pressure maximum beyond Jupiter; carbonaceous chondrites formed there. Inside Jupiter’s orbit, CAIs were depleted by aerodynamic drag; ordinary and enstatite chondrites formed there. For 16 chondrites and achondrites, we review meteoritic data on their CAI and refractory abundances and their times of formation, constrained by radiometric dating and thermal models. We predict their formation locations, finding excellent consistency with other location information (water content, asteroid spectra, and parent bodies). We predict the size of particles concentrated by turbulence for each chondrite, finding excellent matches to each chondrite’s mean chondrule diameter. These consistencies imply meteorite parent bodies assembled quickly from local materials concentrated by turbulence, and usually did not migrate far. We predict CI chondrites are depleted in refractory lithophile elements relative to the Sun, by about 12% (0.06 dex). We constrain the variation of the turbulence parameter α in the disk and find a limited role for magnetorotational instability, favoring hydrodynamical instabilities in the outer disk, plus magnetic disk winds in the inner disk. Between 3 and 4 Myr at least, gas persisted outside Jupiter but was depleted inside it, and the solar nebula was a transition disk.
A Large-scale Survey of CO and Its Isotopologues toward the Rosette Molecular Cloud
Authors: Li Chong , Wang Hongchi , Zhang Miaomiao , Ma Yuehui , Fang Min , Yang Ji
Published: September 2018

Using the PMO-13.7 m millimeter telescope at Delingha in China, we have conducted a large-scale simultaneous survey of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 1 − 0 emission toward the Rosette molecular cloud (RMC) region with a sky coverage of 3.°5 × 2.°5. The majority of the emission in the region comes from the RMC complex, with velocities lying in the range from −2 to 20.5 km s−1. Beyond this velocity range, 73 molecular clumps are identified with kinematic distances from 2.4 to 11 kpc. Based on the spatial and velocity distribution, nine individual clouds, C1–C9, have been identified for the RMC complex. It appears that the C3 cloud is different from other clouds in the RMC complex in view of its characteristic velocity, excitation temperature, and velocity dispersion. Most of the young stellar clusters in the region are located in positions of both high column density and high excitation temperature. Seven new molecular filaments are discovered in the RMC complex. Evidence for cloud–cloud collision is found in the region of young stellar clusters REFL9 and PouF, showing that these young stellar clusters probably result from a cloud–cloud collision. The abundance ratios of 13CO to C18O in the region have a mean value of 13.7, which is 2.5 times larger than the solar system value, showing that UV photons from the nearby OB clusters have a strong influence on the chemistry of clouds in the RMC complex.
Biotic distribution within groundwater- is it really unpredictable?
Authors: Korbel Kathryn , Chariton Anthony , Hose Grant
Published: September 2018

Distribution of biota within groundwater is often patchy, and attributed to the heterogeneity of the aquifer environment. Geology and hydrological connectivity are often the factors that most influence water chemistry and habitat availability thus biota, however phreatophytic trees, other sources of carbon and nutrients may also influence biotic distribution. Critically, limited knowledge on the relative importance of such factors on the distribution of groundwater biota makes it difficult to distinguish natural variation from human impacts on groundwater ecosystems, thus inpact our ability to undertake biomonitoring of ecosystem health.

This study uses complementary field surveys and laboratory studies to unravel the relative influence of water quality, climate, and sediment size on biotic communities. Field surveys combined traditional pumping and net collections with eDNA community profiling (metabarcoding) of 16S rDNA to characterise groundwater microbes in shallow alluvial aquifers within the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Laboratory studies examined the influence of sediment size on stygobiotic amphipods, syncarids and copepods.

For stygofauna, sediment size, and thus size of interstitial voids, is a key limiting factor. For microbes, water chemistry influences microbial activity and functional processes, which may in turn influence biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem services provided by groundwater ecosystems.
Survival, metabolic rates and locomotory activities of a groundwater-obligate copepod species under long-term exposures to tetrachloroethylene
Authors: Di Lorenzo Tiziana , Di Marzio Walter , Piccini Leonardo , Messana Giuseppe , Sáenz Maria , Galassi Diana
Published: September 2018

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to potentially cause a severe change in the respiratory metabolism of freshwater species, however the effect of these contaminants on groundwater-obligate species has not been investigated to date. Tetrachloroethylene (TCE) is a VOC frequently found in the groundwater bodies of industrialized areas, even years after a contamination event because TCE degradation takes several decades to occur. Contamination from TCE is considered persistent and difficult to remediate. Its high density favors a gravity-driven vertical infiltration into groundwater bodies. The TCE threshold value is 1.1 μg/L in groundwater bodies of Italy. TCE concentration in many Italian groundwater bodies is widely over this legal limit.

In this study, we investigated the effect of 1.1 μg/L TCE on the survival, oxygen consumption, and locomotory activities of a groundwater-obligate copepod species. The specimens required for the trials were collected in the Antro del Corchia Cave (Tuscany). We measured the individual-based oxygen consumption of this species as a proxy of possible metabolic reactions to long-term (5 days) exposures to TCE at 8.0°C that is the mean annual temperature of groundwater flowing in the cave. To this end, we used a sealed glass microplate equipped with 24-planar oxygen sensor spots with optical isolation glued onto the bottom of 80-μL wells (Loligo Systems, Denmark) integrated with a 24-channel ﬂuorescence-based respirometry system (SDR Sensor Dish Reader, PreSens, Germany). The system allows simultaneous measurement of 20 replicates and 4 controls. Survival and locomotory activity assessments were performed by counting the number of alive individuals and measuring the number of moving animals in 5 mL glass vials each containing 20 individuals. Preliminary results showed a decreasing in oxygen consumption of the organisms exposed to 1.1 μg/L TCE for 5 days at 8°C respect to the control. However, neither survival nor locomotory activities appeared to have been affected by exposure to TCE. See Suppl. material 1.
Contributions to the terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves
Authors: Campos-Filho Ivanklin Soares , Fernandes Camile , Bichuette Maria Elina , Aguiar José Otávio , Taiti Stefano
Published: September 2018

Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) comprise more than 3,700 species distributed in almost all types of the terrestrial habitats, including caves. About 300 troglobiotic species are known, mostly in the northern hemisphere. In South America, Brazil has the highest number of recorded caves, approximately 15,000 (7% of the total estimated, ca. 100,000). Currently, 37 species of terrestrial isopods are known from Brazilian caves, 15 of which are considered troglobiotic. A large collection of terrestrial isopods from caves of the Brazilian states of Pará, Sergipe, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goiás, São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Paraná has been examined. Fifty-three species are recognized in the families Styloniscidae (3 genera, 4 species), Rhyscotidae (1 genus, 1 species), Philosciidae (6 genera, 11 species), Scleropactidae (3 genera, 4 species), Platyarthridae (2 genera, 14 species), Dubioniscidae (2 genera, 12 species), Armadillidae (4 genera, 5 species), Porcellionidae (1 genus, 1 species), and Armadillidiidae (1 genus, 1 species). Eight species can be considered troglobiotic in the genera Xangoniscus (2 spp.) (Styloniscidae), Alboscia (1 spp.), Atlantoscia (1 spp.) and Benthana (1 spp.) (Philosciidae), Amazoniscus (1 spp.) and Microsphaeroniscus (1 spp.) (Scleropactidae), and one new genus with two new species of Platyarthridae. A second species of the genus Pectenoniscus (Styloniscidae), a new genus of a spiny Armadillidae with two new species are described, the poorly known Venezillo congener is re-described, and many species have their recorded distributions extended. The total number of cave-dwelling species in Brazil is still far to be complete. It is very important to increase research on cave biodiversity which is threatened by anthropic actions (e.g., monocultures and mining), and to define conservation strategies according to the current legislation.
Evaluation of the population dynamics of microalgae isolated from the state of Chiapas, Mexico with respect to the nutritional quality of water
Authors: Sánchez Roque Yazmin , Pérez-Luna Yolanda , Moreira Acosta Joel , Farrera Vázquez Neín , Berrones Hernández Roberto , Saldaña Trinidad Sergio , Pathiyamattom Joseph
Published: September 2018

As Chiapas state, México, counts on an extensive hydrography with diverse nutrimental and climatic characteristics, it therefore allows isolating and identifying microalgae with bioenergetics potential.

For this purpose, samples from 8 locations were collected, corresponding to 6 rivers, a wastewater and a springwater. The isolation of microalgae was developed for 4 weeks with 12:12 light/dark cycles. We demonstrated that the most efficient means for the isolation of microalgae of the hydrographic areas evaluated was the medium BG11 with 80.53% effectiveness. Of the microalgal consortium identified, 90% are composed of microalgae belonging to the class Chlorophycear. It was shown that another factor favouring the richness of morphotypes identified in the Santo Domingo River is associated with adequate concentrations of macroelements such as nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium at concentrations of 0.03 mg/l, 0.0006 mg/l, 0.08 mg/l, 0.03 mg/l, 62.93 mg/l, 5.46 mg/l, 34.52 mg/l and 48.78 mg/l respectively and microelements such as copper, zinc, iron, andmanganese at concentrations less than 0.2 mg/l in all microelements. The identified morphotypes, according to literature, have lipid contents ranging from 2 to 90%; this is of biotechnological importance for the production of biodiesel.
Enseigner, chercher, intervenir : explorer les horizons possibles de la sociologie de l’éducation au Portugal
Authors: Lima Torres Leonor , Gaio Alves Mariana , Dionísio Bruno
Published: September 2018

Cet article présente la situation de la sociologie de l’éducation au Portugal en s’appuyant sur dix entretiens avec des spécialistes du domaine et une analyse des différents états de l’art parus depuis une dizaine d’années. La discipline est renée au Portugal avec le retour de la démocratie. Elle s’est tout de suite impliquée dans les enjeux du nouveau régime : une visée d’égalité et en même temps des objectifs de modernisation qui passaient par la formation de nouvelles élites. Cela impliquait le développement de trois secteurs : la recherche, l’enseignement et l’intervention. La recherche s’est appuyée sur une exigence théorique héritée de la tradition francophone tout en s’engageant dans les grandes enquêtes internationales qui s’inspirent plutôt des épistémologies anglo-saxonnes. L’enseignement s’est trouvé confronté à l’immense chantier que représentait la formation d’une nouvelle génération d’enseignants. L’intervention sociale a tenté d’accompagner les tensions inévitables entre les objectifs d’égalité et de performance, les réflexions sur l’organisation du système éducatif (autonomie des établissements ; mise en place du Nouveau Management Public ; risques de dérive marchande...) et de suivre en même temps l’émergence de nouvelles problématiques : la reformulation des inégalités en termes de discrimination, l’évolution des modes de socialisation de l’enfance et de la jeunesse, etc.
Les Touaregs dans les manuels scolaires du Mali : contenu et effets sur les représentations
Authors: Gardelle Linda , Adam Catherine
Published: September 2018

Le conflit qu’a connu le Mali en 2012-2013 a permis de mettre en lumière des facteurs qui jouent un rôle dans la marginalisation ressentie par les Touaregs maliens : sous-emploi, défaut d’infrastructure, vulnérabilité sanitaire, climat d’insécurité dû aux trafiquants de drogue et aux groupes religieux extrémistes dans le Sahara. Cet article porte sur un facteur moins quantifiable et donc moins évident : la place accordée aux Touaregs dans l’imaginaire national. Elle est étudiée à travers les manuels scolaires maliens du secondaire depuis 1990. Le poids des représentations et, en particulier, celles véhiculées à l’école, dans les rapports qu’ont entretenus les Touaregs avec l’État malien depuis l’Indépendance pourrait expliquer en partie que le ciment national n’ait pas réussi à prendre.
Formation des élites et inégalités sociales dans les Universités publiques en Chine depuis la politique de développement de l’enseignement supérieur
Authors: Tang Jialu
Published: September 2018

Dans l’histoire de la Chine, comme dans celle de la France, la formation d’élites indépendantes des relations féodales a joué un rôle essentiel dans la construction de l’État. Dès sa fondation, la République démocratique s’est inscrite dans cette tradition en développant un réseau d’écoles-clés destinées à la formation des futurs cadres de l’État et du Parti. La politique d’élargissement du recrutement de l’enseignement supérieur, initiée en 1999, a eu pour effet la croissance des effectifs. Si celle-ci a été spectaculaire, elle s’est accompagnée d’une diversification des filières qui a établi de nouvelles distinctions. La réforme a profité principalement aux classes moyennes et aisées urbaines. La création de droits d’inscription élevés joue évidemment un rôle important, mais la sélection précoce opérée par les écoles-clés reste essentielle. Des orientations nationales tentent de limiter l’influence de ces écoles, mais leur nombre ne cesse d’augmenter. Dans une logique de concurrence entre les régions, les provinces ont intérêt à former une élite qui contribue au développement local.
Désanctuarisation de l’École et socialisation républicaine. Note sur la redéfinition du traitement scolaire de la diversité au prisme de l’Enseignement moral et civique
Authors: Douniès Thomas
Published: September 2018

L’inscription récente de l’Enseignement Moral et Civique (EMC) dans le curriculum formel français remet au premier plan les objectifs de l’institution scolaire en matière de socialisation républicaine des élèves. Néanmoins, la configuration actuelle, marquée à la fois par une diversification des justifications et des publics de l’action scolaire et par une remise en cause du principe républicain d’indifférence aux différences, tend à redéfinir les termes de cette ambition. À partir d’une revue de la littérature, cette note montre comment l’EMC est tout à la fois produit et vecteur de ces évolutions. En évitant d’étudier ce dispositif éducatif en lui-même et pour lui-même, l’analyse entend contribuer aux réflexions sur l’imbrication entre la désanctuarisation de l’École et le repositionnement de ses objectifs en matière de socialisation morale, civique et politique.
Quels enjeux pour la critique face aux nouveaux objets de la recherche en éducation ? Quelques réflexions à partir de l’exemple québécois
Authors: LeVasseur Louis , Schwimmer Marina , Robichaud Arianne
Published: September 2018

L’article concerne la sociologie du curriculum. Il s’intéresse à l’introduction de nouveaux contenus d’enseignement qui gagnent en popularité au sein de l’école québécoise même si certains ne font l’objet d’aucune politique ou programme ministériels. L’étude caractérise trois modèles culturels : thérapeutique, entrepreneurial et de résultat. Tous trois se réfèrent à des travaux des années 1960 et 1970 qui se situaient dans une démarche critique, mais l’analyse montre la manière dont leur apport peut être aujourd’hui récupéré dans une perspective managériale. À partir de là, les auteurs s’interrogent sur les nouveaux défis que rencontre la critique sociologique contemporaine.
Le comparatisme à l’épreuve des études postcoloniales
Authors: Panait Oana Marina
Published: September 2018

Les études postcoloniales s’efforcent de construire des cadres d’analyse qui ne s’appuient pas uniquement sur des épistémologies et des concepts ancrés dans les traditions intellectuelles des pays du Nord. Un certain nombre de spécialistes des études comparées en éducation tentent de s’approprier cette démarche et plaident pour le déplacement vers le Sud de l’étalon de comparaison des systèmes éducatifs, originairement mis au point dans le Nord. En prenant appui sur plusieurs synthèses de leurs travaux publiées récemment, cet article présente les propositions de restructuration des recherches en éducation comparée qui vont dans ce sens et les débats qu’elles suscitent.
Alternative Credentials for Workforce Development
Authors: Jones-Schenk Jan
Published: September 2018

In a highly transformative environment like health care, continued professional development and learning is essential. For individuals without degrees, stackable credentials offer another pathway to a degree, and for those with multiple and/or advanced degrees, microcredentials hold promise for retooling and updating knowledge, skills, and abilities.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(10):449–450.
Use of Continuing Education to Increase Nurses' Knowledge of Chronic Wound Care Management
Authors: Goudy-Egger Laynette , Dunn Karen S.
Published: September 2018

Background:

Providing effective management of chronic wounds can be a major challenge for nurses practicing in health care systems. As the older adult population continues to increase, the prevalence of chronic health-related diseases that can lead to chronic wounds has also increased. Nurses have reported a lack of preparation in the management of chronic wounds.

Method:

The purpose of this pretest–posttest research designed study was to determine whether nurses' knowledge regarding current chronic wound care management would differ after attending an educational workshop that emphasized evidence-based clinical practices in chronic wound management.

Results:

Thirty-one nurses consented to participate. A statistically significant increase in nurses' knowledge was found from pretest (
M
= 13.48,
SD
= 2.49) to posttest (
M
= 16.03,
SD
= 2.21;
t
[30] = −4.50,
p
< .05). The majority of nurses reported referring patients to wound care specialists and believed they were inadequately prepared to care for patients with chronic wounds.

Conclusion:

These findings support the need for continuing education regarding changes in chronic wound care management.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(10):454–459
Synthesizing the Literature on Servant Leadership Theories and Decision Making
Authors: Mughal Yasir Hayat
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents the different theories and models of servant leadership styles and strategic decision-making styles. The number of models and theories of both the variables are presented in this chapter. Also, at end of this chapter, new moderators and mediators are introduced with the help of the diagram. Future researchers can use this new model and explore the new model of servant leadership styles with strategic decision making.
The Moderating Effect of Cognitive Style Indicator on the Relationship Between Leadership Styles and Employee Performance
Authors: Khan Muhammad Jamil
Published: September 2018

The aim of this chapter is to review the full range leadership model and link with decision making cognitive style to increase performance of employees. For this purpose, numerous articles, theses, and dissertations have been reviewed. It also takes into consideration that articles should be downloaded from ISI index and Scopus index journals in order to get quality data for review. This study will be quantitative in nature and will use survey approach for data collection. Population of this study will be all degree-awarding institutions from KPK universities.
Servant Leadership, Burnout, and Turnover Intention
Authors: Imran Muhammad
Published: September 2018

This chapter is based on the servant leadership theory's effects on the turnover intention through the mediating role of burnout. The basic concepts of the model are derived from conservation of resources theory. The theory predicts that sustained psychological stress can lead to burnout and turnover intention. Servant leadership focuses on reducing the employee stress level and increasing job satisfaction. The study focuses on the banking industry employees and finds the main reasons of high turnover.
Impacts of Leadership Styles on Motivations of Employees
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Kiran Alina , Liu Bin
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study to investigate the different leadership styles and impact on employee motivation. Leadership is the most important phenomena. Therefore, leadership plays a very important role, and this research study emphasizes the impact of leadership styles on motivation of employees. In this chapter, a survey approach using structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Questionnaire consists of four styles of leadership with employees' motivation. All constructs were measured using five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics and inferential were used. Mean and standard deviation and Cronbach alpha were used in descriptive statistics and correlation, and multiple regression was used for inferential regression. The aim of this chapter is to identify the relationship between leadership styles and motivation of employees.
Measuring Moderating Effect of Power Distance Between Facets of Job Satisfaction and Overall Decision of Job Satisfaction
Authors: Malik Saqib , Yukun Cao
Published: September 2018

The aim of this chapter is to measure employees' total job satisfaction, using Spector's job satisfaction survey and its nine facets in Pakistani public and private sector organizations and whether cultural variable power distance moderate relationship between job satisfaction facets and total job satisfaction. On the basis of research findings, it is recommended that Spector's nine job satisfaction facets also be used as factors in determining the overall job satisfaction, in addition to Spector's own 36 items total satisfaction, in future studies. The attempt to seek whether cultural dimension “power distance” moderates each of the nine job satisfaction facets and the employees' overall job satisfaction did not succeed; the results indicate that the interaction terms in all nine job satisfaction facets cases have turned out statistically insignificant (p > 0.10), suggesting that power distance does not moderate between job satisfaction facets and overall job satisfaction. It is also recommended that cultural dimension power distance be retried as a moderator in future research to check validity of the present findings.
The Dynamics of Resistance to Brand Switching in the Smartphones Industry
Authors: Appiah Dominic , Ozuem Wilson
Published: September 2018

The impact of identity on brand loyalty has taken precedence as an area of focus in recent marketing research. This has taken place in an era defined by technological revolution, which has created market disruptions, and there are implications for customer-brand relationships. Nonetheless, existing research has failed to acknowledge the impact of socio-psychological attributes and functional utility maximization. Knowledge that illuminates how firms can reposition themselves to sustain brand loyalty when disruptions occur in today's complex and globalized business environment is also required. This study will present an empirical investigation into the phenomenon of brand switching behavior among consumers in a specific competitive market, the smartphone industry. It explores how resistance could be built from an identity theory perspective, as emphasis has historically been placed on the functional utility of products at the expense of social meanings. This study provides consideration for market disruptions in the smartphone industry and confirms that the literature does not capture other non-utilitarian factors such as socio-psychological benefits, hence there are underlying factors that motivate consumers to continue buying brands they buy.
Implementation of Paired Placement and Co-Planning/Co-Teaching Field Experience Models Across Multiple Contexts
Authors: Strutchens Marilyn Elaine , Sears Ruthmae , Whitfield Jennifer , Biagetti Stephanie , Brosnan Patti , Oloff-Lewis Jennifer , Clarke Pier Angeli Junor , Stone Jamalee (Jami) , Erickson David R. , Parrish Christopher , Conway IV Basil M. , Ellis Ruby L.
Published: September 2018

A consortium of 24 universities and their school partners engaged in a networked improvement community design to develop clinical experience models designed to build candidates' facility with the effective mathematics teaching practices and other equitable teaching strategies to promote secondary school students' success in achieving college- and career-ready standards. The authors discuss mechanisms to aid in the implementation of two alternative models: 1) the paired placement model, in which two prospective teachers are paired with a single mentor teacher, allowing the mentor teacher to provide purposeful coaching and mentoring and the two pre-service teachers to offer each other feedback, mentoring, and support; and 2) co-planning and co-teaching, which has been found to help teacher candidates gain greater pedagogical content knowledge and knowledge of students through collaboration and communication between teacher candidates and mentor teachers who plan, implement, and assess instruction together.
Enhancing Cultural and Linguistic Awareness Through an International Teaching Experience
Authors: Bradley Barbara A. , Emerson Andrea Miller , Silva Arsenio F.
Published: September 2018

The population of students in the United States is becoming increasingly diverse. At the same time, we live in highly interconnected global society with complex world problems. Thus, teachers need to prepare students to live and work collaboratively with people, locally and globally, from diverse background. Yet, how do in-service and preservice teachers support students if they have had limited experiences interacting with and understanding people from diverse backgrounds? This chapter describes a four-week summer study-abroad program in Italy, in which preservice teacher lived with a host family and observed and taught in an Italian school. It presents findings about what preservice teachers learned from (1) living with a host family, (2) observing in an Italian school, (3) becoming a culturally and linguistically diverse learner, and (4) teaching.
Community-Based Field Experiences in Teacher Education
Authors: Hallman Heidi L.
Published: September 2018

This chapter proposes the value of offering teacher candidates an opportunity to participate in community-based field experiences during their teacher education programs. Community-based field experiences, in contrast to traditional, classroom-based placements usually offered at this stage in prospective teachers' professional preparation, enable beginning teachers to conceptualize their own learning and the learning of their students in new ways. As part of teacher education programs, the community-based field experience serves a distinct purpose and place, and one that is often underexplored. This chapter describes the integration of community-based field experiences into teacher education programs and discusses the unique quality of community-based settings as potential sites for teachers' learning.
Digitally Mediated Supervision
Authors: Allen David S. , Wood A. Jill , Sponberg Erica , Arnold Täna M.
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses on the praxis behind the development of digitally mediated supervision and distance-based field experiences. The theoretical framework combines past principles of supervision with present technological models. The practical application lies in both a hybrid digitally mediated program at the undergraduate level and a fully functional model at the graduate level. The concerns addressed represent those facing higher education institutions across the United States, and the solutions presented are those initiated at a Mid-Western land-grant institution. The authors examine the hardware, firmware, and cloud technology used to deliver the program, and the reflective feedback model developed for online teacher preparation. Four types of feedback are defined: (1) self-reflection, (2) 10-minute walk-though, (3) focused feedback, and (4) formal evaluation.
Developing Teacher Leaders Through Self-Study
Authors: Baker Courtney K. , Bitto Laura E. , Wills Theresa , Galanti Terrie McLaughlin , Eatmon Cassandra Cook
Published: September 2018

Effective mathematics specialists require opportunities to apply knowledge from their advanced preparation programs to their practice. Just as pre-service teachers engage in field experiences to practice instructional strategies, in-service educators should engage in field experiences to apply leadership knowledge and skills while under the supervision of an experienced and highly-qualified teacher educator. This chapter describes the culminating self-study field experiences in a masters-level advanced certification program which prepares in-service teachers to be K-8 mathematics specialists. Through collaboration with critical friends, the mathematics specialist candidates connected research to practice in the design and implementation of a self-study project. Their work chronicled an important transformation from teachers to teacher leaders. The candidates also described their interest and their new capacity to conduct research beyond their certification programs for the purposes of impacting teacher and student learning within their organizations.
E-Entrepreneurial Intention of Business Students
Authors: Batool Hira , Ullah Kalim
Published: September 2018

The market statistics have shown that business graduates are increasing day by day and on the other hand, their interest toward 3G and 4G is rising as well. By observing the current trend, the authors of this chapter tried to merge the business studies effect with the interest of online businesses, thus, the business graduates can create the bundle of job opportunities in the market. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the entrepreneurial attitude model (EAO) in predicting business intentions of the students. The data was collected from the top business schools. The results showed that EAO model can work for creating business intentions among business graduates.
Marketing Trends in the Digital Age
Authors: Pereira João Manuel
Published: September 2018

Historically, technology has been the prime catalyst of social, cultural, and economic development. Breakthrough technologies have been found responsible for major disruptive civilizational leaps in time, crafting and reshaping the way we view the world and its infinite boundaries, resolving our common problems and how we interact in pursuit of a communal and cooperative existence. Marketing has constantly reinvented itself in light of the environmental changes caused by these new technologies, and in doing so, has introduced new marketing paradigms and principles. Drawing on key findings from the literature, this chapter discusses the transformational effect of the digital age-related technologies, highlighting major trends and their impact from a marketing perspective. Implicit to these findings and the arguments that follow is the idea that understanding these technologies and how to harness them is of crucial importance.
Trends in Hospitality Marketing and Management
Authors: Gustavo Nuno
Published: September 2018

Faced with a contextual environment marked by a different reality from the one that leveraged tourism in the 20th century, hotel companies are confronted with the need to review their strategic principles with consequent effects and changes in their operational concepts and management models. This chapter aims to contribute to a critical reflection on those changes. In this new environment, the old philosophies and paradigms for hotel management, like heavy, rigid, and static management structures, as well as passive management approaches, were necessarily and forcibly replaced by new principles, leveraged in flexibility, dynamism, initiative, and designed by reference to a global world. The analysis was structured using a classical management approach, through a STEEP analysis model framework, and discussing its consequences and effects on the strategic and operational level of hotel management.
Creating Consumer-Based Brand Equity With Social Media Content Marketing
Authors: Weitzl Wolfgang
Published: September 2018

Due to the growing importance of company-initiated online brand communities (OBCs) like Facebook brand fan pages, details about consumers' perceptions of these sites need to be linked to their effects on customer-based brand equity. This research builds on Keller and Lehmann's brand value chain as the theoretical foundation and adopts the theory to fit the social media context. This approach enables the simultaneous evaluation of the impact of consumer online content perceptions on both fan-page engagement and consumers' brand mindset. Specifically, this research investigates the consumer-based outcomes of perceptions of content's vividness and interactivity as well as the effects of perceived information and entertainment value of brand posts. In addition, this empirical study evaluates the consequences of positive brand fans' comments for consumer online engagement (e.g., liking), brand awareness, image, and attitude. Results show that consumer-oriented brand pages can stimulate positive offline brand engagement such as loyalty and recommendation.
Search Engine Marketing Strategies
Authors: Miklosik Andrej
Published: September 2018

Ensuring search engine visibility is one of the key tasks of marketers nowadays. Besides regular organic results, other forms of rich content results appear on Google including the Google Answer Box. In this chapter, the author analyzes the factors that determine the chance of a website being excerpted in the Google Answer Box. Moreover, he uses a simulation to examine the most probable weights of three factors on the final rankings within the search engine results page. The created framework for constructing the assessment of factors can be used to develop similar models for different niches and keywords and utilized by organizations from various sectors. Adopting these findings by organizations and including them in their content and marketing strategy will have a positive impact on search visibility and thus translate to efficiency of marketing campaigns.