bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Assemblages A and B Giardia lamblia infection with melatonin, ghrelin, Hsp70 and TFF3 biomarkers in patients
Authors: Tahtouh Mohanad Shihab Ali , Abed Ali Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Background:  Giardiasis is considered one of the parasitic diseases affecting humans, caused by a flagellate protozoan known as Giardia lamblia. It is a common gastrointestinal pathogen that can lead to various clinical and other complications. Objective:  Study aimed to diagnose infection with the G. lamblia in children aged (1-12 years) using a direct wet mount, and to determine Assemblages A and B Giardia lamblia by targeting the TPI gene using Nested-PCR, in addition to evaluating the relationship of infection of assemblages with (melatonin, ghrelin, Hsp70 and TFF3) using ELISA assay. Method:  By examining 238 stool samples for children suffering from diarrhea and some intestinal symptoms visiting some hospitals in Salah al-Din Governorate. Results:  34 (14.2%) positive samples were recorded by microscopic examination. 100 fecal samples using the Nested-PCR, showed 60 (60%) positive samples for the G. lamblia, including 18 (30%) for the assemblage B, 31 (51.66%) samples for assemblage A, as well as 11 (18.33%) mixed infections of A+B. The study of biomarkers revealed a highly significant increase in the levels of (melatonin, ghrelin, Hsp70 and TFF3) in the serum of patients with mixed A + B infection, while the lowest average concentrations of biomarkers were recorded in children infected with group A. Conclusion: Direct microscopic examination of stool samples It has good sensitivity for detecting G. lamblia parasite, and the TPI gene targeted in Nested-PCR technology has high sensitivity and specificity for genotyping detection of the parasite. Group A is the most common among patient samples. Mixed infections (A+B) have the greatest effect.
Estimating the extent of water erosion in the Wadi Al-Rumaitha Basin, northeast of Al-Muthanna Governorate
Authors: Al-Abadi Balsam Haider Hashem , Al-Moardah Prof. Dr. Hussain Joban Uraybi
Published: October 2024

The Wadi Rumaitha Basin is located astronomically between two latitudes (30° 39' 18" - 30° 29' 56") north, between two longitudes (45° 52' 4" - 45° 45' 10") east, with an area of (68.5) km2, located in the southern part of Iraq within the administrative borders of Al-Muthanna Governorate, which is characterized by a dry climate. The research aims to study and estimate the extent of water erosion in the Wadi Rumaitha basin, detect risks and conditions that affect the properties and quality of soil and land uses in the region, highlighting the role of natural characteristics affecting its activity, different types of water erosion prevail in the study area, between rain erosion, stream erosion, and gully erosion. The locations and areas of the basins of the river network and the stream, gully, and rain erosion network were determined, by adopting several criteria, including the Fournier equation to measure rain erosion, and the Bergsma 1982 equation (to measure the degree of stream and gully erosion, then, modeling the areas of spread of each of them, by the use of geographic information systems technology. It became clear through the research that the Fournier index in the stations of the study area reached (19.87, 21.66, 16.53), respectively, this indicates that the Wadi Rumaitha basin area falls within the range of weak rain erosion, while funicidal erosion included (4) cases limited to the range of high and very severe fluid erosion, gully erosion included (7) areas confined between the (very light and very high) ranges, and their geographical distribution varies in the basin lands.
Molecular Detection of Human parvovirus B19 in Patients with Thalassemia in Wasit Province, Iraq
Authors: Juber Hanan Kareem , Bayati Hussein Ali Mohammed Al.
Published: October 2024

Background: Human B19 (PVB19) isssmall, non-envelope single strand DNA viruses from family of "Parvoviridae" it cause infections in human. In thalassemia are a heterogeneous grouping of genetic disorders that result from a decreased synthesis of alpha or beta chains of hemoglobin (Hb). Numerous factors contribute to functional abnormality found in βeta thalassemia patient like decrease red cells life span, rapidsiron turnover, and tissue deposition of excess iron B19 targets the erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow by binding to the glycosphingolipid.
Materials and Methods:  This case cross sectional study and the patients aged between   (5-40) years , study has been carried outsin Al-Kut teaching hospitals in Al-Iraq-Wasit in a period between  September 2023 and March 2024. This study followed the cross-sectional design. The populations of our study included 120 patients’ samples with thalassemia infected by Human Parvovirus B19 in blood transfusion patients 64 male and 56 female.  Nested-PCR used to detect of B19V by using primers. PCR reaction was done by using special sets of primers mentioned previously and special components and specific program and procedure according to components of PCR reaction.
Result:  Human parvovirus 19 Positive case percentage using polymerase chain reaction  indicated that the positive cases was reported according to polymerase chain reaction (PCR)  as a percentage of case related to the main characteristic of patients, current study data has been indicated as following:  in total of 120  patient sample with thalassemia has been included in this study,  PCR  positive case was  17 (14.2%), 6 (5%),  2 (1.7%) and 0 (0%) in the age groups (5-15), (16-25), (26-35) and (36-45) respectively. Male was more prevalent 17 (14.2%), than female 8 (6.7%),  So as to records of major type in comparision to intermediate 19 (15.8%) and 6 (5%). All positive cases were 25 cases.
Conclusion: Current data showed prevalence of Human parvovirus 19 in Iraqi patients. This prevalence should be alarming public health.
Exploring Role of SMAD3 in Serum of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Al-Azzawy Haider Basim , Ali Angham Jasim Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Background: Being an autoimmune and inflammatory illness, rheumatoid arthritis results from the body's immune system attacking healthy cells by mistake, creating inflammation in the affected areas. Aim of study: The purpose of this study was to use ELISA to assess the serum concentration level of SMAD3 in RA patients and control groups.. Methodology: The research was conducted between October 15, 2023, and January 15, 2024.The study, conducted at the Medical City Hospital under the Baghdad Government, involved male and female participants ranging in age from 18 to over 75. All participants in the trial provided a total of 90 clinical specimens (5 ml of blood): 45 patients and 45 controls. To use ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay) to examine the immunological parameter Smad3, blood was taken from the patients.  Results: There were statistically significant variations in the means of the concentration levels of the parameter Smad3 in RA patients (12.11±4.91) and controls 1.89 (0.98_4). Expression of Smad3 (ng/ml): For RA patients, the male median was 11.21±5.09 (range: 7.33–15.83), whereas the female median was 12.61±4.83 (range: 8.32–16.29). In Stage 1, Smad3 achieved 7.26±2.75, in Stage 2, 10.25±1.46, in Stage 3, 12.3±4.04, and in Stage 4, 18.97±1.72. Conclusion: There were statistically significant variations between the means of the concentration levels of the parameter Smad3 in RA patients and controls. There may be a slight correlation between RA stages and biomarker levels (Smad3), however this relationship is not statistically significant, and the effects are small.
Adults who Smoke Should Have Pulmonary Function Testing Before and After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
Authors: PhD Maqdad Taaqi, , PhD Hesham N Alrowayeh, , PhD Sameera H Aljadi, , PhD Hanan Ahmad Alfadhli,
Published: October 2024

Background: Recent research has shown that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has a mortality rate of 0.6–3.0%, making it a popular and generally safe cardiac operation. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sex, age, and diabetes in the early changes in lung volumes measured by pulmonary function tests before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in individuals who smoke. Subjects and procedures: Elective coronary artery bypass surgery was the procedure of choice for 200 consecutive patients in this prospective controlled trial. Participants who were not part of the trial were those who were in an emergency or who had a valve operation done alongside a CABG procedure. Based on the data from the operation, the cardiopulmonary bypass time was 98.89 minutes with a standard deviation of 25.14 minutes. The average time for cardiac ischemia was 67.8 minutes with a standard deviation of 26.6 minutes and a range of 25 to 227 minutes. The total time spent in the intensive care unit was 53.54 hours with a standard deviation of 27.98 hours and a range of 4 to 102 hours. Thirteen patients, or 6.5%, were cold, while the remaining patients were warm. Thirteen patients, or 6.5%, used ice slush as a topical cooling method. The results of the pulmonary function tests taken before and after surgery were significantly different.  Conclusion: Postoperative obstructive and restrictive breathing problems are associated with cigarette smoking's detrimental effects on pulmonary functioning. Patients with a smoking history who are scheduled for elective revascularization surgery should have their pulmonary status evaluated before surgery, and they should be strongly encouraged to quit smoking as soon as possible before surgery to minimize the risk of respiratory complications after surgery.
Public Health Policy and its Incidence on The Quality of Public Management in Chincha – Peru, 2021
Authors: Nuñez Freddy Jhonny Sachun , Gutierrez Etheel Romila Becerra , Cabrejos Ruth Gissela Perez , Becerra Percy Alexander Sachun
Published: October 2024

The objective of this research is to determine how public health policy affects the quality of public management in Chincha 2021. The link between new management and quality is demonstrated by the experience of administrative reform carried out by Latin American governments during the two decades. The countries due to Covid-19 2020 - 2021, had to review current policies, adapt or create new public policies. The research had a quantitative approach, basic type, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design, the hypothetical-deductive method and descriptive causal correlation, using non-probabilistic sampling techniques such as questionnaires. The result is that according to the Nagelkerke indicator, he estimates it at 48.1% (moderate correlation). the estimation of parameters by the Wald=786,021 and following=0.000 method is less than 0.05, concluding that: public health policy significantly affects the quality of public management in Peru 2021.
The Accuracy of Radiographers Preliminary Image Evaluations of Axial Radiographs: a Prospective Longitudinal Study at Al-Hussein Hospital, Iraq
Authors: Saleim Ali Riyad , Firas Abdullah Noori AlBaghdadi  , Ibtissem Hasni
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Modern emergency departments are under increasing pressure that can only be alleviated by new approaches to meeting demand. One strategy could be the adoption of radiographer preliminary image evaluations (PIEs), which would significantly reduce the time it takes emergency teams to receive critical imagery results. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of radiographers’ interpretations of axial radiographs and the impact a short training program had on their image interpretation skills. Methods: Forty-one radiographers volunteered to participate in the study. From 15 January to 15 April 2023 radiographers produced PIEs for 24 axial radiographs which were compared to the radiology reports for the same images. The accuracy each of the radiographers’ PIEs were categorized as true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative, with numerical scores to enable mean accuracies to be calculated. The radiographers’ accuracy was then reassessed on the same images after they had completed a two-week training program on axial skeletal radiograph interpretation. Results: The study reported that demonstrated that most (TP) radiographer PIEs (M 66, SD = 1.24) were about facial bone fracture. Moreover, this study demonstrated that most (FN/TP) radiographer PIEs (M = 3.83, SD = 1.69) were that cases about inflammatory disease of the axial spine, such as ankylosing spondylitis. In contrast, the most common cases misinterpreted were about cervical spine disorders such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) (M = 2.49, SD = 1.36). Years of experience in radiography showed a positive but not statistically significant influence on accuracy. Additionally, post training mean accuracy significantly improved. Conclusion: This study found radiographers provided quite accurate PIEs for facial bone fractures when compared to the full radiology reports of the same images. The findings also highlighted specific pathologies that were frequently misinterpreted. A two-week training program was found to be effective at improving radiographers’ ability to correctly identify and describe abnormalities present in axial radiographs.
Nurses' Adherence to Infection Control Practices in Emergency Departments
Authors: Khudhur Fatima Hassan , Abdul-Wahhab Dr.Musaab Majid
Published: October 2024

Background: Follow-Up on Infection Prevention Measures It is an assortment of techniques intended to keep things free of microbes, Patient protection from diseases necessitates several actions. Preventing and controlling infections is one of the most crucial tasks for nurses. Using hand hygiene with personal protection equipment is a crucial step that can help prevent infections or their repercussions. The safety of patients and maintaining sterility and cleanliness in hospitals are the responsibilities of all nurses working there.
Objectives: to evaluate the adherence of emergency department nurses to infection control protocols and recommendations. 
Methodology: This cross-sectional study selected a nonprobability (purposive) sample of 120 nurses working in emergency departments across three hospitals: Baghdad Teaching Hospital (50%), Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital (35.8%), and Sheik Zaydi Hospital 14.2%. The study was conducted from September 20, 2023, to 30 June 2024. collection tool, which consists of two parts: The first part is the demographic characteristics of the nursing staff (age, gender, level of education, years of experience in the emergency department, and participation in training courses related to infection control measures). Second part: Checklists were utilized for observation. The study instrument's reliability was assessed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Program (IBM SPSS) by applying Cronbach's Alpha.
Results: The study finding shows that, based on the data, 66.7% of the respondents reported a fair level of practices about infection control measures. Sociodemographic factors such as qualifications notably impact nurses' practices regarding adherence to infection control practices.
CONCLUSIONS: The researcher concluded that the nurses' practices were not at the level required (fair) to fit with the critical and special nature of the emergency department.
Recommendations: Standard precautions are the basic level of the infection control process. The participants may possess satisfactory knowledge and compliance levels. However, more training programs and more focus on the standard precautions by educational institutes are needed for nurses to improve their knowledge and compliance with infection-control standard precautions.
Assessing the Impact of Educational Strategies on Reducing Needle Stick Injuries for Nurses in Jordanian Hospitals
Authors: Alrabab'a Mahmoud H. , Maabreh Roqia , Al-Akash Hekmat , AlKharabsheh Abdullah Abbas , Alhawarat Fuad M , Khraisat Firas , Alkhsealat Yazan , Almasarweh Enas
Published: October 2024

Background: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are frequent occupational health hazards among nurses with several consequences including blood-borne infections. Literature indicates inadequate knowledge among nurses as an important associated risk factor. Notwithstanding, little attention has been given to the intervention programs to reduce the occurrences of NSIs in Jordan.
The main objective of this research was to implement and assessing the impact of educational modules and strategies to minimize NSIs for nurses in Jordanian hospitals. Methods: a randomized control trial design with four arms including three intervention groups and one control group was applied. A total of 400 nurses were selected based on stratified random sampling from the four randomly sampled private hospitals. The educational intervention was then provided through three different strategies (Social Media (SM), Audio-Visual (AV), and combined method). Data were collected in three phases, at baseline, after three months, and after six months of the intervention. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the number of NSIs between the control and combined strategy groups (P= 0.002). After 6 months, significant differences were found between control and SM groups (P=0.032), control and AV groups (P= 0.007), and control and combined groups (P<0.001). The leading risk factors of NSIs included fatigue (P<0.001), lack of assistance (P= 0.001), emotional distress (P= .021), being rushed (P= .002), and Lack of skills (P= .001). The hierarchical regression for the prediction of changes in NSIs occurrence produced a model with four predictors after three months (P< .001), and six predictors after six months (P< .001). Conclusion: The educational intervention significantly decreased the occurrences of NSIs. Hospital administrators must consider significant risk factors for NSIs.
Genetic Variations of (SOD2; Rs5746136) and (PON2; Rs705379) are Associated with the Risk Of PCOS and Influence Metabolic Profile Among the Iranian Population
Authors: Kadhim Rawaa Allawi , Dehgan Gholamreza , Halaj-Kondori Mohammad K , Hamdi Kobra
Published: October 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent disorders affecting women's metabolic, psychological, and reproductive features. This study investigated the roles of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2; rs5746136) and paraoxonase 2 (PON2; rs705379) gene polymorphisms on the risk of PCOS and oxidative stress and clinical indices in Iranian women. This cross-sectional study included 56 patients (female) with PCOS and 54 healthy women (control group), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs5746136 and rs705379 were genotyped. The results showed that there were no detectable variations in frequency between PCOS and control groups in SOD2 genotypes and alleles (p>0.05). Compared with controls, the frequency of rs705379-CC genotype was higher in PCOS individuals [adjusted OR (95%CI) = 2.171 (1.098-4.313), P=0.016], which showed a significant association. While the frequency of the TT genotype was higher in the reference group (OR= 0.464 (0.236-0.97), P=0.015). Patients with the A and C alleles exhibited considerably greater serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and LH/FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) than the control group. Our results revealed that the PON1 gene (C>T) polymorphism is related to the risk of PCOS. However, the SOD2 gene (G>A) polymorphism in our study population did not show any relation to PCOS. Importantly, oxidative stress parameters showed a significant relationship with PON1 rs705379-genotype.
Gingival Health Status among Patients Wearing Fixed Orthodontic Appliance in Erbil City
Authors: Abdullah Dr. Dildar , Omer Dr. Zana Qadir , Taha Dr. Maryam H.
Published: October 2024

Objectives and background: People have increasing demand for orthodontic treatment and it became a common treatment plan nowadays that may affect the gingival health. However, the correlation between orthodontics and periodontal health is not clear, which troubles the clinical orthodontist during planning of the treatment. So many studies showed previously a relationship between orthodontic appliance and the dental diseases that it may cause. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between gingival health status and the duration of wearing fixed orthodontic appliance.
Method: The study included 40 patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliance. Patients’ folders were analyzed according to the duration of wearing the appliance and route of breathing then comparing these two factors and their effects on plaque index, gingival index and gingival sulcus depth.
Results: As the duration of wearing the appliance increased, there was an increase in the plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding on probing, except for the forth group of duration (more than 12 months with the appliance). As for breathing factor, the findings were as the following (In order from less plaque accumulation to the most, respectfully): nasal, both (nasal and mouth) and finally mouth, while with the gingival index, the data showed the opposite.
Conclusion: Prolonged orthodontic treatment was associated with an increased plaque retention and increased bleeding on probing; however, the magnitude of the difference in gingival sulcus depth in both duration of wearing the appliance and different breathing routes was of no clinical significance. Breathing orally had negative effect on the oral hygiene.
A Systematic Review of The Risk Factors Affecting Low Birth Weight
Authors: Doaa Sami Rashash  , Parastoo Oujian  , Sepideh Hajian  , Mehdi Khabazkhoob
Published: October 2024

Backgrounds: Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant factor in 60 to 80 percent of all neonatal fatalities and is one of the most important health indicators in the primary measure set used by the International Dietary Surveillance Application.  Objectives: This systematic review was conducted to determine the factors affecting to LBW. Materials & Methods: Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, and Persian scientific databases were searched from 2012 to 2022. Selection procedure, data screening and analysis were performed by two independent reviewers. The quality of included articles were evaluated with the 22-item strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) and a checklist of appropriate criteria based on the research design for each one.
Results: Of the 1200 articles collected, 51 met the study inclusion criteria. The most common variables with a frequency of more than 15%  that led to LBW were the mother's age (22 studies, 43/13%), mother's chronic diseases (Hypertension and diabetes mellitus), mother's iron deficiency anemia (14 studies, 27/45%), mother's weight and BMI (13 studies, 25/4%), ANC visits (12 studies, 23/52%), sex of the child (9 studies, 17/64%), parity and inter-pregnancy interval (8 studies, 15/68%).  Conclusion: The mother's age, chronic diseases, mother’s anemia, mother's weight and BMI, insufficient ANC visits, sex of the child, parity and inter-pregnancy interval have a great impact on the LBW. Therefore, interventions, plans and programs aimed at addressing these risk factors could potentially reduce the incidence of LBW.
Needs Analysis on the Module Development for Working Sandwich Generation in public University in Malaysia
Authors: Rozita Jayus  , Aqeel Khan  , Adibah Abdul Latiff  , Mastura Mahfar  , Abdul Wahab Pathath
Published: October 2024

The number of caregivers of older people will increase to 60% by 2040 to maintain the current ratio of caregivers to older people, which in turn will impact on their mental health and career needs. This study provides the profile, characterisation and needs analysis of the samples, which were conducted using non-probability convenience sampling. This included 201 sandwich and non-sandwich generation working at a public university in relation to coping with caring responsibilities, workplace challenges, personal development and interest in specific programmes or support systems to strengthen and improve coping strategies, adaptability and resilience of employees in the workplace. Understanding these dynamics, improved the development of modules and services to better meet the specific needs of these groups. The aim of this study is to identify the need for stress coping strategies, career adaptability and career resilience and to analyse needs-based programmes for the working sandwich generation. The needs analysis shows that the development of modules must be taken into account when designing a career intervention modules. The research proposes a comprehensive intervention module for career guidance programs to aid sandwich generation in coping with stress, enhancing career adaptability and resilience.
A Performance Analysis of RNN Algorithms for Accurate Hypoglycemia Prediction in Type-1 Diabetes
Authors: Sunandha Rajagopal  , Dr. N. Thangarasu
Published: October 2024

Diabetes is a chronic disease originating from preeminent blood glucose levels where there is an impairment in the ability of the human body to produce or effectively use insulin, therefore resulting in possible complications to various organ systems. Hypoglycemia can be defined as a critical condition in diabetes that is characterized by very low levels of blood sugar and can emanate from any imbalance between insulin, glucose, and external factors such as medication or physical activity. The prediction of hypoglycemia is a very important task in diabetes management, which encompasses sophisticated technologies and deep-learning systems, such as RNNs, in performing analyses on patient-specific data. These must provide timely warnings to avoid hazardous blood sugar dips. This paper takes a close look at the performance of RNN in the case of accurate hypoglycemia prediction among patients with Type-1 Diabetes, considering a dataset from Shanghai T1DM.
In this work, three different RNN architectures are considered for performance evaluation: Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Simple RNN. The main goal was to compare their predictive performances in forecasting hypoglycemic events, which is an issue of utmost relevance when it comes to proactive diabetes management. The results show generally variable performances by the RNN models. Overall, GRU performed with striking accuracy in hypoglycemia predictions, while LSTM had high specificity. These findings underline that various metrics should be considered for the comprehensive evaluation of predictive models in the management of diabetes. It will give an idea about various RNN algorithms, strengths, and weaknesses to develop more effective and personalized strategies related to hypoglycemia prediction in Type-1 Diabetes.
Interpersonal Skills And Cooperative Learning In Psychology Students Of A Private University In Guayaquil, 2023
Authors: Guerra Stalyn Israel Paz
Published: October 2024

The objective of this document is to propose a training plan based on the development of interpersonal skills with the aim of fostering cooperative learning among psychology students at a private university in Guayaquil in 2023. The research was conducted using a non-experimental design, which entailed observing and evaluating the variables or phenomena under investigation without any manipulation. The research findings indicate that inter-institutional alliances facilitate the expansion and enhancement of future psychologists' and professionals' competencies, offering them experiential learning opportunities in authentic work environments. The provision of internships in companies that offer training in this regard will be pivotal in complementing the academic training of students and better preparing them to address the issues they would encounter in professional practice. In this way, the university will not only fulfill its obligation to train competent professionals but will also become an agent of constructive social change.
Predictive Factors of Renal Insufficiency Among Patients with Diabetes and Hypertension in Northeastern Communities of Thailand
Authors: Piwpong Ratchanee , Bunjong Yongyuth , Chodnock Kanittha , Paewpolsong Mongkol
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to study the predictive factors of chronic renal insufficiency in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and diabetes and hypertension in Tajong Subdistrict, Lahan Sai District, Buriram Province. This study, a retrospective case-control study, analyzed data from a 2023 database of patients with chronic diseases in Northeastern Thailand. A study of 4 3 5 community diabetes and hypertension patients analyzed predictive factors of renal insufficiency using SPSS, utilizing descriptive statistics, chi-square, and binary logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the subjects had an average glomerular filtration rate of 73.90 ml/min/1.73m2 (S.D. = 24.02), which was classified as the most abnormal filtration rate of 67.80%. CKD stage 2 (eGFR 60-89 ml/min/1.73m2) is the most. Among patients with diabetics, the predictive equation for renal insufficiency is -2.82+2.808 Age + 4.675BUN. In patients with hypertension, there is a prediction equation for the occurrence of renal insufficiency: -3.391 + 2.246Sex + 2.246Age + 2.637BUN, and in patients with hypertension and diabetics is an equation for predicting the occurrence of renal insufficiency: -4.021 + 1.554sex + 2.023Age + 3.332BUN. It is proposed that gender, age, and BUN all influence the occurrence of renal damage in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and diabetes plus hypertension. As a result, the healthcare team should have standards for assessing risk and preventing renal insufficiency in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Additional research should be conducted to examine the factors associated with kidney deterioration in patients who are unable to control their blood sugar levels.
Correlation of immunological variables of interleukin-17 and heat shock protein-70 in ethnic women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Abdulla Zahraa Hatem , Mustafa Evan Mohammad , Abbass Sahla Khurshid
Published: October 2024

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance resulting from high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females, leading to immature eggs, ovarian cysts, irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, excessive facial hair growth, and acne. Objective: This study was conducted to follow up the therapeutic effect on some blood, hormonal, and immune variables of samples consisting of 35 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from women suffering from infertility and infertility, and who visited Azadi Teaching Hospital and private laboratories in Kirkuk city, their ages ranged between (18 - 40 years). Materials and Methods:  Sample collection and follow-up began by observing some clinical signs in addition to verifying the results of ultrasound examinations from early February 2023 to early November 2023. Each patient’s examinations were followed up before treatment and three months after taking the treatment. The results we obtained after three months of treatment were compared with the results of the examinations of the patients in the pre-treatment stage and the control group. The treatment plan was based on modifying the patient's dietary lifestyle by following a healthy diet and giving treatment consisting of oral contraceptives, fertility drugs and the use of sugar-reducing drugs such as Glucophage or Metformin, in addition to nutritional supplements such as antioxidants. Result:  The results of the therapeutic effect on the patients' diagnostic clinical signs showed a significant decrease in their percentages after three months of treatment compared to the pre-treatment stage such as (ovulation disorders - menstrual disorders - obesity - hirsutism - acne -). The results of the statistical analysis of the study showed that the therapeutic effect showed a significant difference in the body mass index (BMI) after three months of treatment compared to the pre-treatment stage and the control group. The therapeutic effect of the immune factors for each Hast Shock protein 70 and Interleukin-17 also showed a significant decrease at the level (0.000 > p) respectively after three months of taking the treatment compared to the pre-treatment stage and the control group. It was found that there is a significant positive correlation between the level of Heat Shock Protein 70 and the cellular kinetic IL-17.
The Effect of Different Types of Drinking Water Plastic Tanks Used at Homes on Water Quality: A Study of Various Samples under Standard Conditions
Authors: Muhsin Fulath Abdul-Redah , Al-Tabatabai Huda Hussain Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Aim:  The study aimed to find any differences in water quality stored by using different types of plastic tanks.
Subject and Methods: Four types of plastic tanks were used in the study: polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride. The experiments were done at the laboratory under practical conditions, like stored water volume, time, and temperature. The water was analyzed for electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, and the presence of some chemical contaminants.
Results: The results between conductivity and the total dissolved solid gave a positive direct relation of (r = 0.7), while the results between conductivity and pH gave a negative inverse relation of (r= -0.5). There was a variation and an increasing concentration value in tank type of polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride than other types, while there were the same concentrations value in all tank types of Lead, that showed concentrations below (0.01) micrograms per liter. There were statistical differences between tank types, of Bisphenol A and Phthalates, while the remaining was not significant. There was a statistical difference in the water stored in polyethylene and polypropylene tanks, which contained acceptable parameters than other types.
Conclusion: The study findings emphasize the importance of thinking about made material traits whilst selecting a tank type for storing water at home, and storing water by using polyethylene and polypropylene tanks to reduce the health risks from the librating of chemicals to the stored water.
Evolution of Pandemic Discourse: Portrayal of Diseases, Public Healthcare and Culture Anxiety in Pandemic-Themed Film
Authors: Shafiee Rasmuna , Perumal Vimala , On Wong Chee
Published: October 2024

The pandemic-themed film reveals how quickly a virus spreads and kills hundreds or perhaps millions of people. It also highlights the horrible conditions surrounding the outbreak, especially the collapse of the country's healthcare system. The film also depicts the newly discovered infectious sickness as the interconnectedness of animals, the environment, and humans. The pandemic cinema in the past contains attributes such as illegal immigrants, public healthcare, and zoonoses in its narrative conventions. In the present films, the contemporary global issue have encroached on an ignorance on environmental issues among the government, the industry players, and the public on health and the high possibility of viruses spreading due to the activities of industry. This paper aims to assess the evolution of the portrayal of diseases and public healthcare that reflects cultural anxieties in pandemic cinema and what messages that these films convey. After screening seventy films with pandemic themed released within hundred years, only six films were analysed using Altman’s syntax approach. The findings found that, given the current state of the virus, this kind of film encourages viewers to understand pandemics as the result of pathogens attacking social interactions, interpersonal relationships, and other aspects of society.
Lactose Intolerance in Jazan: Awareness and Impact
Authors: Kambal Nahla , Alsayegh Abdulrahman A. , Alshahrani Abrar , Mahdi Wedad , Al-Ali Omniyat , Hassan Hams , Ahmed Maryam , Alkhaldi Reham , Shamakhi Laila , Hakami Samaher
Published: October 2024

Background: Lactose intolerance is a frequent disorder characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms (such as nausea, bloating, and discomfort) following dairy product consumption. LI can be considerably decreased with simple understanding of symptoms and the use of milk substitutes.  Aim: The goal of this study was to look into the prevalence of lactose intolerance and its relationship to nutrition and dietary habits in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design with a sample of 283 participants who met the qualifying requirements. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, which was then analyzed using statistical tools for social sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. Results: Dairy/dairy products were highly consumed on daily basis (64.7%) accompanied by abdominal distention and gases (18%), yet, only 13.8% had been diagnosed with lactose intolerance. The magnitude of lactose intolerance was mainly in late childhood (11-20 years) and emerging adulthood (21-30 years) (56.4%). only 36% had good knowledge about the disorder, with females had significantly higher levels of awareness compared to males (p<0.05). Conclusion: Almost one-third of the population in Jazan had good knowledge on lactose intolerance with females having significantly higher levels.
Management System for Safety, Health and Environmental Risks at Jasa Contratistas S.A.C.
Authors: Adan Toño Eldrin Alvites
Published: October 2024

The investigation focused on establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework for Safety, Health and Environment at JASA Contratistas S.A.C., based on Peruvian legislation, including Law No. 29783 and Supreme Decree No. 023-2021-MINAM. The methodology covered the initial characterization, the definition of environmental policy objectives and the evaluation of occupational risks through IPERC matrices. 122 regulatory items were identified, with 56% meeting the criteria of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SGSST). In the environmental field, a 3.38% reduction in deforestation was evident, a 7% increase in solid waste recycling and a 5% improvement in environmental management. After the implementation of the SGSST, occupational risks decreased from 25% to 10.71%, while in the environmental aspect, deforestation reached 2.10%, solid waste treatment increased to 17.5%, and the pro-environmental attitude of employees improved by 20.8%. This system not only improved risk control and reduced accidents, but also increased productivity, ensured regulatory compliance, strengthened competitiveness and encouraged improved environmental behavior among staff.
Ecological Imperialism and Indigenous Resistance: A Postcolonial Ecocritical Analysis of Selected Indian English Novels
Authors: Jagmeet Singh  , Dr. Sakshi Singh
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the representation of environmental degradation and critique of postcolonial development paradigms in two contemporary Indian English novels: Amitav Ghosh's The Hungry Tide (2004) and Indra Sinha's Animal's People (2007). Employing a postcolonial ecocritical framework, the study analyzes how these works articulate the environmental consequences of development in India, challenge Western models of progress, and highlight indigenous environmental perspectives. The research reveals that both novels effectively portray multi-faceted environmental issues, from biodiversity loss in the Sundarbans to long-term impacts of industrial pollution in urban areas. They offer pointed critiques of anthropocentric development models while presenting indigenous knowledge as a valuable alternative for sustainable human-nature relationships. The study contributes to postcolonial ecocriticism by demonstrating how Indian English literature engages with and critiques the environmental costs of postcolonial development. It underscores the potential of literature to provide nuanced, culturally-specific insights into complex environmental issues, challenging dominant narratives and proposing alternative visions of progress.
Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Modeling for Enhanced Air Quality Prediction: Implications for Information Management and Public Health Decision Support Systems
Authors: Harna M. Bodele  , Dr. G. M. Asutkar  , Dr. Kiran G. Asutkar
Published: October 2024

Air quality forecasting has significant implications for environmental monitoring, public health, and information management systems. This study proposes three advanced deep learning models: Graph Neural Networks with Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Attention (GNN-DSTA), Multi-Resolution Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks (MRC-RNN), and Variational Autoencoders with Spatio-Temporal Latent Embeddings (VAE-STLE). These models address the challenges of capturing complex spatio-temporal dependencies in environments with sparse data samples.
The GNN-DSTA model introduces a temporal attention mechanism that dynamically captures evolving spatial-temporal dependencies. MRC-RNN combines CNN's spatial pattern recognition with RNN's temporal modeling across multiple spatial resolutions. VAE-STLE provides a probabilistic framework for robust and interpretable forecasting.
Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in prediction accuracy: GNN-DSTA reduces RMSE by 15-20%, MRC-RNN improves accuracy by 12-15%, and VAE-STLE shows a 10-12% improvement with enhanced uncertainty estimation. These models advance AQI predictions through dynamic attention mechanisms, multi-resolution analysis, and probabilistic forecasting.
Furthermore, this study explores the implications of these advanced predictions for information management and public health decision support systems. We discuss the integration of real-time data, scalability considerations for large-scale deployments, user interface design for effective communication of predictions, and ethical considerations in using AI-driven models for public health decision-making. The proposed approach not only enhances the accuracy and reliability of AQI predictions but also provides a framework for developing more effective and responsive public health interventions and environmental policies.
Phylogenetic tree and Molecular detection of Theileria velifera in sheep southern Iraq
Authors: Jawad Thanaa Ismael , Hamad Weam Abbas , Roaa Abid Jaythoom
Published: October 2024

Background: The purpose of this research was to ascertain T. velifera's evolutionary state in the Iraqi province of Al-Diwaniyah. In this investigation, the clinical assessment of fifty infected Blood samples (2.5 ml per animal) were collected from sheep, and a PCR technique was used to target the samples.
Aim: This suggests that there may be intimate ties between certain global strains and our local ones. The vacuum tubes were coated with EDTA.
Materials And Methods: The PCR and partial gene sequencing were conducted with the 18S rRNA gene serving as the molecular target. All of the examined samples had the targeted segments amplified at 400 bp according to the PCR, which used the 18S rRNA gene as genetic targets. Local T. velifera isolates' 18S rRNA gene sequences were compared to global reference strains of the species that were listed in the GenBank.
Results: The local strains matched Chinese isolates 100% of the time and Chinese isolates Theileria luwenshuni 99% of the time. High fever (40.3–41.5°C), decreased appetite or appetence, asymmetrical enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, especially the pre-scapular ones, diarrhea in some cases, pale or icteric eye mucus membrane, lacrimation, sclera bleeding, abnormal movement, depression, dullness, and salivation were among the clinical signs displayed by diseased sheep.
Conclusion: The information gathered from the current inspection effort may show how the local strains differ genetically from other strains listed in the GeneBank.
Effectiveness of Mirror Therapy, Electrical Stimulation, and CIMT in Restoring Upper Extremity Function after Stroke
Authors: Ghada S M Omar  , Jameela Ezzi  , Reem Almahasis  , Zahid Mehmood  , Sabahat Zahid  , Asad Ullah  , MennatAllah Ayad  , Sabah Mohamed Elkady
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mirror therapy (MT), electrical stimulation (EMS) combined with MT, and Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) in improving upper extremity function among stroke survivors. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving n=45 stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation at Wah International Hospital. The inclusion criteria for the study required participants to be above 45 years of age, to have survived either an ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and to have at least 10° wrist extension. Participants were excluded if they had an implanted electrical device such as an artificial pacemaker, paresis instead of paralysis, hemiplegia due to causes other than ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke (such as trauma, tumor, or coordination problems), or impaired sensory integration. Participants were divided into three groups: EMS combined with MT, CIMT alone, and Mirror therapy alone. Treatment sessions were administered four times a week for three months. Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMA) and Motor Assessment Scale (MAS). Results: Analysis revealed significant improvements in upper extremity function across all groups. However, the CIMT group exhibited the most substantial enhancement, with a mean difference of -68.5 (p < 0.05) on the FMA and -24.1 (p < 0.05) on the MAS compared to the other groups. Conclusion: The findings highlight the superior efficacy of CIMT in improving upper extremity function among stroke survivors. Incorporating CIMT into rehabilitation protocols is crucial for optimizing outcomes in this patient population. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term benefits and optimal implementation strategies of CIMT in diverse rehabilitation settings
Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences pre and post Clinical Practice at clinical skills training center in Duhok city
Authors: Zikri Mahmood Mirza  , Mohammed Haydar Mosa
Published: October 2024

A novel approach to education called simulation-based training offers students excellent chances to acquire and safely apply what they learn about nursing care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how simulation-based training affected nursing students' abilities as clinical practitioners and their sense of self- Efficaciousness. Subjects and Methods: This study (pre-posttest intervention) employed a quiz-experimental design and was conducted utilizing moderate- and high-fidelity simulators on 63 first-year nursing students for the academic year 2023–2024.At Duhok Polytechnic University and Duhok Technical Institute, this study was conducted. Data collection: demographic information, self-efficacy, and clinical proficiency tests. The software SPSS version 20 is used for analysis. Results: Following their involvement in the simulation program, participants who received the simulation-based training shown statistically significant improvements in their self-Efficaciousness and clinical proficiency levels. Conclusion: Self-Efficaciousness and clinical competency can be improved in nursing courses through simulation-based training. It is strongly advised that the nursing curriculum use multiple-patient simulations as a teaching-learning technique.