bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Response of a Single-Rotor Wind Turbine with Planetary Speed Increaser and Counter-Rotating Electric Generator in Starting Transient State
Authors: Saulescu Radu , Neagoe Mircea
Published: November 2024

The paper presents a theoretical study on the dynamic behavior of a novel single-rotor system with planetary speed increaser and counter-rotating direct current (DC) generator, patented by authors, during transient stage from rest. The analytical dynamic model of the mechanical subsystem is based on the decomposition of the wind system into the component rigid bodies, followed by the description of their dynamic equations by using the Newton-Euler method. To these dynamic equations are added the linear mechanical characteristics of the DC generator and the wind rotor. The system of equations allows establishing the analytical equation of motion of the wind system and implicitly the time variation of the mechanical power parameters. Numerical simulations of the obtained analytical dynamic model were performed in MATLAB-Simulink in start-up mode from rest for the case study of a 100 kW wind turbine. These results allowed highlighting the time variation of the kinematic parameters (angular velocities and accelerations), torques and powers for all system shafts, both in transient regime and steady-state. The implementation in this case of the counter-rotating generator indicates a 6.4% contribution of the mobile stator to the generator total power. The analytical and numerical results obtained are useful to researchers, designers and developers of wind turbines aiming to optimize their construction and functionality through virtual prototyping.
Education Physiotherapists’ Knowledge and Challenges Experienced in Implementing the Policy to Screen, Identify, Assess and Support Learners with Special Education Needs
Authors: Sibuyi Makwena , Mathye Desmond , Mushunqane Nombeko , Tshabalala Muziwakhe
Published: November 2024

Challenges persist in implementing inclusive education policies, particularly in rural provinces of South Africa. The challenges are compounded by the existing imbalance in the distribution of physiotherapists where more of them are in the health sector. Physiotherapists possess the competency to assess activity limitations and provide individualised therapeutic support to people living with physical disabilities. In addition, physiotherapists understand how the classroom and school environment can be modified to maximise participation of learners. This study explored the knowledge of education physiotherapists and challenges experienced in implementing the policy to Screen, Identify, Assess, and Support learners with physical disabilities. A qualitative, single exploratory case study design using virtual focus group discussion collected data from seven physiotherapists employed by the provincial Department of Education. Data were analysed with a six-step approach to inductive thematic data analysis on ATLAS.ti version 19 software. Three themes emerged. (1) Lack of knowledge due to insufficient training, policy misinterpretation and unclear roles and responsibilities (2) Lack of support structures with regards to the School-Based Support Teams, Circuit-Based Support Teams and District-Based Support Teams. (3) Shortage of physiotherapists’ posts in special schools. Strategies like ongoing in-service training, clarification with policy interpretation, defining roles and responsibilities of physiotherapists, improving the functioning of support structures, and offering competitive incentives to attract skilled education physiotherapists are reported essential for effective policy implementation.
Colistin Resistance Mechanism and Management Strategies of Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections
Authors: Islam Md Minarul , Jung Da Eun , Shin Woo Shik , Oh Man Hwan
Published: November 2024

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a pressing threat in clinical settings. As the last line of defense, colistin is currently widely used to treat multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. Unfortunately colistin-resistant phenotypes in A.baumannii isolates have also been reported, highlighting the desperate need to develop alternative medications to address these serious bugs. To resist colistin, A. baumannii has developed several mechanisms. These include the loss of outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS) due to mutation of LPS biosynthetic genes, modification of lipid A (a constituent of LPS) structure through the addition of phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) moieties to the lipid A component by overexpression of chromosomal pmrCAB operon genes and eptA gene, or acquisition plasmid-encoded mcr genes through horizontal gene transfer. Other resistance mechanisms involve alterations of outer membrane permeability through porins, expulsion of colistin by efflux pumps and heteroresistance. In response to the rising threat of colistin-resistant A. baumannii, researchers have developed various treatment strategies, including antibiotic combination therapy, adjuvants to potentiate antibiotic activity, repurposing existing drugs, antimicrobial peptides, nanotechnology, photodynamic therapy, CRISPR/Cas and phage therapy. While many of these strategies have shown promise in vitro and in vivo, further clinical trials are necessary to ensure their efficacy and widen their clinical applications. Ongoing research is crucial to identify optimal therapeutic strategies for managing colistin-resistant A. baumannii. This review explores the genetic mechanisms underlying colistin resistance and assesses potential treatment options for this challenging pathogen.
Information Security Risk Framework for Digital Transformation Technologies
Authors: Stefani Eduardo , Costa Ivanir , Gaspar Marcos Antonio , Goes Roberto de Souza , Monteiro Rogerio Carlos , Petrili Breno Ribeiro , Pereira Alexandre de Paula
Published: November 2024

The increasing impact of digital technologies on society, marked by rapid and disruptive changes, including more efficient and modern processes, is pushing companies to adopt digital solutions. However, companies have limited options, and they can rarely avoid being affected by the speed and challenges introduced by digital technologies. Researchers have observed that the cybersecurity risks associated with these technologies are not fully apparent, despite the advantages they bring. In this context, this study aims to uncover the associated risks of using Digital Transformation technologies, which may lead to outcomes that fall short of initial expectations. A systematic literature review was conducted as the research methodology, involving a search for scientific articles in bibliographic databases to identify, organize, and classify these risks. This review offered visibility into the risks companies face when adopting digital technologies and provided a framework that highlights the most relevant risks. IT specialists validated these risks through a questionnaire, thereby aligning the systematic literature review with market realities regarding the risks companies are exposed to when using digital technologies. As a contribution to both the industry and academia, this work offers a framework to support companies in their Digital Transformation journey, helping them to recognize and manage the cybersecurity risks associated with digital technologies. Future studies could expand on this framework by developing a model for risk prioritization and mitigation.
Optimization of Temperature Measurement Method for High-Pressure Gas Flow Standard Facility Based on Sonic Nozzle Array
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Zhao Jiaxi , Liu Tingting , Zhang Rongping
Published: November 2024

In order to improve the accuracy of wind tunnel test, relying on the high pressure gas source of China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center, a secondary flow standard facility based on sonic nozzle array is developed, and its pressure range is (1~6)MPa, and flow range is (0.12~5.55)kg/s. At present, most facilities use the average temperature measured by the temperature array to represent the upstream temperature of the sonic nozzle array. However, the small flow calibration test results show that, the maximum temperature difference upstream of the standard sonic nozzle array is 1.97 K, the temperature field upstream of the sonic nozzle array shows non-uniformity, so the above method cannot accurately obtain the upstream temperature. To solve this problem, each nozzle used in the standard sonic nozzle array was accurately measured by temperature sensors. And the uncertainty of the facility and the discharge coefficient of the calibrated nozzle between the two methods were compared. Results show that, compared with the discharge coefficient obtained by the tempearture sensor array of 0.9902, the accurate measurement of 0.9904 is closer to National Institute of Metrology, China(NIM) traceable result of 0.9907, and the relative uncertainty of the facility is reduced from 0.124% (k=2) to 0.120% (k=2).
Use of Pressure Transient Analysis Method to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Fluid-Soaking in Multi-Fractured Shale Gas Wells
Authors: Zhang Jun , Guo Boyun
Published: November 2024

Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is a key technology adopted in the energy industry to make shale gas and shale oil fields profitable. Post-frac fluid soaking before putting wells into production has been found essential for enhancing well productivity. Finding the optimum time to terminate the fluid-soaking process is an open problem to solve. Post-frac shut-in pressure data from six wells in two shale gas fields were investigated in this study based on Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) to reveal fluid-soaking performance. It was found that pressure derivative data become scattering after 1 day of well shut in. The overall trend of pressure derivative data after the first day of well shut-in should reflect the effectiveness of fluid-soaking. Two wells exhibited flat (zero-slope) pressure derivatives within one week of fluid-soaking, indicating adequate time of fluid-soaking. Four wells exhibited increasing pressure derivatives within one week of fluid-soaking, indicating inadequate time of fluid-soaking. This observation is consistent with reported well’s Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR). This study presents a new approach to assessment of post-frac fluid-soaking performance with real-time shut-in pressure data.
Effects of E-cigarettes on Physiological Pathways and Proposed Therapeutic Intervention with Bixin
Authors: Claymore Sophia , Allen-Gipson Diane
Published: November 2024

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have increased in popularity and usage over the last few decades. While e-cigs were originally introduced as a healthy alternative to cigarette smoking, recent research has demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of nicotinic e-cig devices[1]. E-cigs cause damage on multiple cell types, including epithelial and endothelial cells, along with causing dysregulation of inflammatory pathways. This review will discuss the harmful effects of e-cigs on the human body, highlighting the physiological effects of e-cigs on pulmonary, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular health.
Moreover, this review will highlight the potential therapeutic effects of bixin, an apocarotenoid found in the seeds of Bixa orellana, also known as the achiote tree. Bixin has innate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities that have been demonstrated in recent research. Nanotechnology has surfaced in the past few decades as a powerful tool for medicinal practice. Specifically, nanoparticles serve as a potential method for treating a wide variety of conditions and diseases. Bixin nanoparticles show promise as a viable method for the treatment of e-cig induced damage due to the innate properties of bixin along with the advantages of using nanoparticles compared to conventional medicinal interventions.
Rewiring for Victory: Neuro-Athletic Training Enhances Flexibility, Serve Speed, and Upper Limb Performance in Elite Volleyball Players - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Soylu Caglar , Altundag Emre
Published: November 2024

This randomized controlled prospective trial evaluated the impact of neuro‐athletic training (NAT) on flexibility, serve speed, and upper extremity performance in elite volleyball players. Thirty professional players aged 18‐35 were initially recruited and randomly assigned to either the NAT intervention or control group. However, the study was completed with a final sample of 26 participants. Performance assessments, including the Sit and Reach Test, Pocket Radar Ball Coach for serve speed, and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), were conducted pre‐ and post‐intervention. The NAT group showed significant improvements in flexibility (p=0.005, d=2.32), serve speed (p<0.001, d=2.54), and upper limb performance (p<0.001, d=2.61), while the control group displayed no significant changes. These findings highlight NATʹs effectiveness in enhancing neuromuscular function and coordination, emphasizing its potential as a training approach in competitive volleyball.This randomized controlled prospective trial evaluated the impact of neuro‐athletic training (NAT) on flexibility, serve speed, and upper extremity performance in elite volleyball players. Thirty professional players aged 18‐35 were initially recruited and randomly assigned to either the NAT intervention or control group. However, the study was completed with a final sample of 26 participants. Performance assessments, including the Sit and Reach Test, Pocket Radar Ball Coach for serve speed, and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), were conducted pre‐ and post‐intervention. The NAT group showed significant improvements in flexibility (p=0.005, d=2.32), serve speed (p<0.001, d=2.54), and upper limb performance (p<0.001, d=2.61), while the control group displayed no significant changes. These findings highlight NATʹs effectiveness in enhancing neuromuscular function and coordination, emphasizing its potential as a training approach in competitive volleyball.
Assessment of Health Disparities and Sexual Orientation Response Choices Used in Two US National Population-Based Health Surveys, 2020‒2021
Authors: Kahn Nicole F. , Halpern Carolyn T. , Burshell Dana R. , Hernandez Stephanie M. , Conron Kerith J.
Published: November 2024

Objectives. To (1) compare responses to 2 survey questions designed to measure sexual orientation and (2) understand how variation in responses is associated with mental health.

Methods. Data were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) Sexual Orientation/Gender Identity, Socioeconomic Status, and Health Across the Life Course (SOGI-SES) study (2020–2021) in the United States. We used the adjusted Wald test to compare proportions of respondents who were (1) categorized as heterosexual or straight and sexual minorities using the sexual orientation questions designed for the Add Health study and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and (2) diagnosed with depression or anxiety or panic disorder.

Results. The Add Health question detected more than twice as many sexual minority respondents as the NHIS question. Those who responded as sexual minorities to the Add Health question but as heterosexual or straight to the NHIS question, primarily “mostly heterosexuals,” had mental health outcomes that were more like those who were consistently classified as sexual minorities versus those consistently classified as heterosexual or straight.

Conclusions. Current measures of sexual orientation in national-level surveys may underestimate the sexual minority population and sexual orientation‒related health disparities.

Public Health Implications. Results illustrate the need for further research to expand measurement of sexual orientation on population-based health surveys. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(12):1375–1383. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307839 )
Determining Maximal Outcome Improvement Thresholds for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Primary ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Zhi-yu , Shi Wei-li , Bai Wen-bin , Hong Le-jin , Dai Wen-li , Pan Xiao-yu , Fu Xiao-yue , Wang Jian-quan , Wang Cheng
Published: November 2024

Background:

The clinical interpretation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) can be challenging. This study aimed to establish the clinical relevance of PROMs by determining maximal outcome improvement (MOI) thresholds at mid-term follow-up after primary ACLR.

Methods:

A total of 343 patients who underwent primary single-bundle ACLR using hamstring tendon autograft at our institute were included. Patients were queried with a 2-option anchor question regarding satisfaction with their current knee symptom state. The MOI of a PROM was calculated for each patient as the percentage of improvement normalized by the maximal possible improvement. The MOI threshold for each PROM was determined as the optimal cutoff value for predicting patient satisfaction based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of achieving these thresholds. Subgroup analyses that stratified the time from injury to surgery within the cohort were performed, and MOI thresholds were recalculated within each of these subgroups. The PROMs evaluated in this study were the modified Lysholm Knee Score and the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC) score.

Results:

The calculated MOI threshold was 35.1% for the Lysholm score and 46.7% for the IKDC score. A longer time from injury to surgery reduced the odds of achieving the MOI threshold for the Lysholm score (odds ratio [OR] per time bracket = 0.7114, p < 0.0001) and IKDC score (OR = 0.8038, p = 0.0003). Male sex was associated with higher odds of achieving the MOI threshold for the IKDC score (OR = 1.9645, p = 0.0143). For patients with chronicity of ≤6 months, the MOI threshold was 35.1% for the Lysholm score and 57.9% for the IKDC score, and for patients with chronicity of >6 months, the thresholds were 24.5% and 27.1%, respectively.

Conclusions:

The calculated MOI thresholds for the Lysholm and IKDC scores at mid-term follow-up after primary ACLR were 35.1% and 46.7%, respectively. Greater chronicity of the ACL injury was associated with lower odds of achieving the MOI thresholds for the PROMs at mid-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene Versus Conventional Polyethylene in 518 Primary TKAs at 10 Years
Authors: Salmons Harold I. , Larson Dirk R. , Ortiguera Cedric J. , Clarke Henry D. , Spangehl Mark J. , Pagnano Mark W. , Stuart Michael J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Second-generation highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) has revolutionized total hip arthroplasty. However, the long-term risks and benefits of HXLPE in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remain unknown. This randomized clinical trial evaluated implant survivorship, complications, radiographic results, and clinical outcomes of HXLPE and conventional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) inserts in primary TKAs.

Methods:

We enrolled 518 patients (518 knees) who underwent primary TKA in 3 centers within 1 tertiary referral network. The mean age was 67 years, the mean body mass index was 32 kg/m2, and 58% of the patients were women. All of the patients underwent primary TKA with a cemented posterior-stabilized tibial insert and patellar resurfacing. Randomization proceeded via stratified dynamic allocation. The patients were blinded to their study group allocation: those in the control group (254 knees) underwent TKA with an UHMWPE insert (N2Vac; Stryker); those in the treatment group (264 knees) received an HXLPE insert (X3; Stryker). Kaplan-Meier survivorship, radiographic results, and clinical outcomes were assessed. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. The mean follow-up was 11 years.

Results:

The 10-year overall survivorship free from any revision and from any reoperation was 96% and 94%, respectively. There were no differences in the risk of revision or reoperation between the groups (p > 0.05). There were a total of 19 revisions. Revision indications included periprosthetic joint infection (14 knees), instability (4 knees), and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for a patellar fracture due to osteolysis around a UHMWPE insert (1 knee). There were no revisions due to polyethylene wear, osteolysis, or fracture of the post in the HXLPE group. The radiographic results and clinical outcomes were otherwise similar.

Conclusions:

Notably, no wear-related failures were identified in the HXLPE group, but there was 1 case of osteolysis in the UHMWPE group.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Makna Ider Bumi pada Bulan Sura di Kelurahan Penataban Kecamatan Giri Banyuwangi
Authors: Sugianto Iwan , Mardiana Ninik , Faizin Afan , Tahira Ketin Ayu Heni
Published: November 2024

Penataban Village is one of the neighborhoods located in the center of Banyuwangi. Although situated in the center of Banyuwangi, Penataban Village continues to uphold traditional customs and cultural practices, such as the Ider Bumi ceremony. According to Kridalaksana (2023:13), meaning refers to the speaker's intention, the influence of language units in understanding human perception or behavior, relationships in terms of similarities or differences between language and non-language contexts, or between speech and all that it denotes, or the way language symbols are used. This study employs a qualitative research method. The data source for this research is the Ider Bumi event held during the Suro month in Penataban Village, Banyuwangi. The data focuses on the aspects of the meaning of Ider Bumi during the Suro month in Penataban Village, Banyuwangi. Data collection methods include (1) documentation, (2) note-taking, and (3) interviews. The Ider Bumi ceremony takes place both at night and in the morning. The meaning of the Ider Bumi ceremony in Penataban Village differs from that in other villages. The Ider Bumi event in Penataban is specifically held on the first day of Sura. In addition to the nighttime village procession, there is a communal meal held in the morning. This tradition is an essential part of the cultural and social identity of Penataban Village. The harmonious relationship between humans and nature is demonstrated through the communal meal, where residents come together to share food made from local produce. Furthermore, the harmonious relationship between humans and spirituality is reflected in the procession, which includes recitations of istighfar (a form of seeking forgiveness), the call to prayer, and prayers at every corner of the village
Fast and Efficient Mitigation of Coupled Axial-Torsional Drillstring Vibrations through State-Feedback Linear-Quadratic-Integral (LQI) Control
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Ashok Pradeepkumar , Aguirre Juan , Chen Dongmei , van Oort Eric
Published: November 2024

In the exploitation of subsurface hydrocarbon and geothermal energy, more than 50% of total expenses are typically attributed to drilling and well completion. Coupled triaxial vibrations in the drilling system, excited by various mechanical, hydraulic, and geological sources, are major causes of premature downhole tool failures, excessive bit damage, compromised hole quality, reduced rate of penetration (ROP), and increased nonproductive time. Drillstring dynamic models, shock absorption tools, and controllers have been developed since the 1960s to understand and mitigate detrimental vibrations in the drilling system, aiming for smoother and more efficient operations. With advancements in measurement/logging while drilling technologies, rig equipment, mud pulse/wired pipe telemetry, and the digitalization of drilling engineering, a foundation has been established for proactive drilling vibration detection, analysis, and control to achieve efficient and safe drilling.

In this study, a reduced-order axial-torsional drillstring dynamic model with soft string lateral contacts is first developed. Nonlinear drilling boundary conditions and inputs, such as bit-rock interactions (BRIs) with torque-on-bit (TOB) velocity-weakening effects, wellbore-drillstring contacts/friction, drillstring gravity, mud buoyancy, and more, are defined within the modeling framework. Equilibrium states and linearization of the model are derived for any given weight-on-bit (WOB) and rotational speed (RPM) setpoints, 3D well trajectories, and drillstring dimensions. A linear-quadratic-integral (LQI) controller is developed and tested for drillstring vibration suppression using a 6,562 ft (2000 m) drillstring model. In comparison to commercially available controllers for stick/slip mitigation, which are designed based on impedance matching and only address the decoupled drillstring torsional dynamics, the proposed state-feedback LQI controller emphasizes the coupling between the axial and torsional drillstring dynamics by simultaneously controlling WOB and RPM. Simulation results demonstrate that the LQI controller can suppress stick/slip and stabilize downhole WOB within 7 seconds, while a commercial drilling controller takes more than 35 seconds to achieve the same. Additionally, valuable insights and potential future directions for nonlinear drillstring vibration mitigation and drilling controller design are provided. With its fast drilling dysfunction stabilization time, small downhole RPM/WOB overshoots, minimal rig control inputs, robustness against drilling nonlinearities, and high efficiency, the proposed multi-input-multi-output state-feedback drilling controller holds great potential for application in proactive drilling vibration control, drilling automation, and real-time drilling optimization.
Blowout Contingency Decision-Making Leveraging Reservoir/Wellbore Pressure Modeling: Cap-and-Restrain or Cap-and-Divert?
Authors: Khouissat Abdelhakim , Michael Andreas
Published: November 2024

After the MC 252–1 “Macondo Well” blowout on 20 April 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico, notable efforts were placed on subsea-well capping and containment to improve the industry’s response to offshore-blowout events. The thrust of this paper is an investigation of the role that forward modeling and monitoring of the reservoir and wellbore pressures can play in determining the best practice to kill a blown well. A novel workflow is presented for supporting blowout contingency by assisting decision-making across different post-blowout intervention strategies integrating reservoir simulation, wellbore mechanics, and the surface equipment’s operating limits.

Caused by the unique set of challenges of each blowout incident, a well-intervention method proven effective in one scenario may not be optimal for the next—it could lead to failure, or be unimplementable. Proper response to a well-control event of this type is divided into two broad categories. The first category is “Cap-and-Restrain,” which requires forward modeling of the wellbore-pressure buildup, identifying the critical post-blowout discharge flowrates, above which it is safe to shut-in the subsea-capping stack (SCS). The second category is “Cap-and-Divert,” which requires the SCS to remain partially or completely open after its installation on the blown well’s damaged blowout preventer (BOP), with the flow being diverted to an external storage unit. The SCS is shut-in later once it is confirmed that the well’s integrity can handle the backpressure of the controlled discharge without any “underground blowouts” triggered by tensile failures on exposed locations along the wellbore.

This work focuses on the methods and processes planned to contain a subsea blowout, either by Cap-and-Restrain or by Cap-and-Divert, using a workflow employing a generic, multipurpose, 3D, two-phase (water/oil) reservoir simulator [Program for Integrated Modeling of Petroleum Systems (PIMPS3D2P), written in MATLAB® of The MathWorks, Inc.]. Once the feasibility of SCS deployment and landing is evaluated, the implementation of a shut-in procedure becomes vital for reaching the static well conditions required. Our workflow has been applied a posteriori to the Macondo Well’s blowout scenario, as an illustrative example.
A New Model for Steam Cavity Expansion in Vertical Wells of Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Yaozu , Du Dianfa , Gao Yuqiao , Zheng Yongwang , Hao Fanghui , Ji Hongbin
Published: November 2024

Steamflooding is one of the most effective and mature methods for developing heavy oil. However, existing research has not fully explained the phenomena of steam overburden and heat loss, particularly overlooking the steam velocity loss at the steam cavity front. Therefore, the condensation heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) was introduced to describe the decrease in steam velocity at the steam cavity front. A steam cavity front expansion model, considering shape factor, pseudofluidity ratio, and CHTC ratio (CHTCR), was established and validated by using mine monitoring data. The research results show that the steam cavity of the revised model is in the shape of a “funnel,” and the steam overburden phenomenon is more pronounced at the steam cavity front. Through comparison with the field data of the P6 and P612-1 well groups, it is observed that the average displacement error of the steam cavity front of the two is only 6.58%. As steam injection progresses, the steam cavity is more degraded, and the steam overburden phenomenon is more intensified compared with the initial stage. Taking into account the phenomenon of kinetic energy loss, a higher formation heat loss rate is calculated during the middle and late stages of steam injection in the modified model. The pressure gradient at the steam cavity front is analyzed to determine an optimal displacement radius of 40 m for vertical well steamflooding in heavy oil reservoirs. When parameters such as shape factor, steam injection rate, and CHTC are increased, the development shape of the steam cavity is more ideal, but the convexity of the steam cavity front is increasingly pronounced as the pseudomobility ratio increases. The CHTC was incorporated into the steam cavity expansion model, elucidating the steam overburden phenomenon and advancing the theoretical understanding of steamflooding. By improving the existing model, the analytical formula can be used to rapidly predict the position of the steam cavity front and estimate of the steam-saturated zone, even in the absence of some field data or numerical models. Practical guidance for optimizing steam injection strategies is provided, with the potential to significantly enhance the recovery of heavy oil reservoirs.
Monitoring Slug Flow Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing Technology with Different Sensing Cable Configurations
Authors: Garcia-Ceballos Ana , Benabid Mouna-Keltoum , Jin Ge , Fan Yilin
Published: November 2024

Monitoring slug flow in real time over long distances is essential for facility design, operation, and flow assurance management. In this study, we investigated the use of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology for slug flow monitoring, exploring various cable designs and deployment methods. The experimentation encompassed the use of five distinctive fiber-optic cable deployment methods: three internal cables of varying designs (thin, flat, and thick), supplemented by two external cables—one placed straight atop the pipeline while the other was helically wrapped around it. All cables were connected consecutively and successfully captured the dynamic variation of the slugging phenomenon along the pipe.

We introduce different data processing algorithms for slug flow characterization, including standard deviation (SD) downsampling, slug frequency determination, and semblance for velocity extraction. The experimental results indicate a higher slug frequency but smaller slug sizes near the inlet of upward inclined pipe, where most slug structures originate. The structure velocity shows a positive correlation with DAS amplitude or the maximum strain rate, which could be related to the slug size.

The flat cable exhibited a heightened amplitude response to slugs, while the internal thin and the external straight cables provided the most distinct delineation of slug patterns. The internal thick cable provided the least sensitivity among all due to its design. Although the linear deployment of fiber-optic cables is more practical compared to helically wrapped ones, their resolution limits detailed analysis of more intricate slug characteristics for short pipelines, such as precise velocity measurements of slugs. Data from the helically wrapped cable can address these limitations, providing more comprehensive insights.
Discovering hidden physics using ML-based multimodal super-resolution measurement and its application to fusion plasmas
Authors: Jalalvand Azarakhsh , Kim SangKyeun , Seo Jaemin , Hu Qiming , Curie Max , Steiner Peter , Nelson Andrew , Kolemen Egemen
Published: November 2024

A non-linear complex system governed by multi-spatial and multi-temporal physics scales cannot be fully understood with a single diagnostic, as each provides only a partial view and much information is lost during data extraction. Combining multiple diagnostics also results in imperfect projections of the system's physics. By identifying hidden inter-correlations between diagnostics, we can leverage mutual support to fill in these gaps, but uncovering these inter-correlations analytically is too complex.
We introduce a groundbreaking machine learning methodology to address this issue. Our multimodal approach generates super-resolution data encompassing multiple physics phenomena, capturing detailed structural evolution and responses to perturbations previously unobservable. This methodology addresses a critical problem in fusion plasmas: the Edge Localized Mode (ELM), a plasma instability that can severely damage reactor walls. One method to stabilize ELM is using resonant magnetic perturbation to trigger magnetic islands. However, low spatial and temporal resolution of measurements limits the analysis of these magnetic islands due to their small size, rapid dynamics, and complex interactions within the plasma.
With super-resolution diagnostics, we can experimentally verify theoretical models of magnetic islands for the first time, providing unprecedented insights into their role in ELM stabilization. This advancement aids in developing effective ELM suppression strategies for future fusion reactors like ITER and has broader applications, potentially revolutionizing diagnostics in fields such as astronomy, astrophysics, and medical imaging.
Multi-omics analysis and longitudinal study of reprogramming by dietary creatine to endogenous metabolism in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Yu Haodong , Nie Yukang , Ran Xinping , Li Shaoyun , Rong Keming , Zhang Xuezhen
Published: November 2024

Creatine is a feed additive with physiological pleiotropic properties and also a energy homeostasis protector in vertebrates and is successfully used in terrestrial livestock and aquaculture. Here, two feeding trials were performed to investigate dietary creatine on endogenous creatine metabolism and physiological reprogramming in largemouth bass. The results showed that the endogenous creatine metabolism genes AGAT, GAMT, and SLC6A8 of largemouth bass are highly conserved with the amino acid sequences of other teleosts, and are clustered separately from mammals. Among the 16 major tissues of largemouth bass, the most important organ for endogenous creatine synthesis and transport is muscle, which has the strongest ability to synthesize creatine independently. Muscle has a high threshold but sensitive creatine negative feedback to regulate endogenous creatine metabolism. Dietary creatine intake significantly inhibits endogenous creatine synthesis and transport in muscle in a dose-dependent manner, and this inhibitory effect recovers with a decrease in dietary creatine content. In addition, physiological creatine saturation required prolonged exogenous creatine intake, and it would be shortened by high doses of creatine, which provides guidance for maximizing economic benefits in aquaculture. Metabolome and transcriptome showed that dietary creatine significantly affected the metabolism of the creatine precursor substance–arginine. Exogenous creatine intake spared arginine that would otherwise be used for creatine synthesis, increased arginine levels and caused reprogramming of arginine metabolism. Overall, these results demonstrate that the addition of creatine to largemouth bass diets is safe and recoverable, and the benefits of creatine intake in largemouth bass are not limited to enhancing the function of creatine itself but also include a reduction in the metabolic burden of essential amino acids to better growth performance.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Dynamics in the Stepwise Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Haiquan , Zhao Yue , Shang Jun , Yan Yueren , Jiang He , Han Han , Yuan Hui , Gao Zhendong , Yang Jingcheng , Pan Yunjian , Lin Yicong , Fu Fangqiu , Ye Ting , Zhang Yawei , Xiang Jiaqing , Hu Hong , Zheng Yuanting , Li Yuan , Zhang Yang , Jin Li , Shi Leming
Published: November 2024

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progresses from pre-invasive to invasive stages, as well as from ground-glass opacities (GGOs) to solid nodules. However, the dynamic genomic and transcriptomic changes underlying LUAD progression remain incompletely understood. Here we analysed genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 1,008 LUAD samples, encompassing all developmental stages in 954 patients, with comprehensive follow-up data. Frequently mutated driver genes were identified, with more mutations in tumor suppressor genes and higher levels of genomic instability observed as the disease progressed. Notably, MAP2K1 E102-I103 deletion was frequently identified in pre-invasive samples, which endowed Alveolar Type II (ATII) cells with increased growth potential and initiated tumor formation, suggesting it a potential driver mutation of LUAD. In summary, our study highlights key molecular changes in the stepwise progression of lung adenocarcinoma, provides insights into identifying novel therapeutic targets, and helps define the curative time window for this disease.
Twelve months at 1.5 °C signals earlier than expected breach of Paris Agreement threshold
Authors: Cannon Alex J.
Published: November 2024

June 2024 was the twelfth month in a row with global mean surface temperatures at least 1.5 °C above pre-industrial conditions. Does this imply failure to meet the Paris Agreement goal of limiting long-term warming below this threshold? Evidence from climate model simulations, conditional on reaching 1.5 °C for 12 consecutive months, indicates that the long-term Paris Agreement target is usually crossed well before such a string of unusually warm temperatures occurs.
Trophic Status Analysis and Nutrient Source Allocation in Urban Lakes of Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Approach to Eutrophication Monitoring
Authors: Faria Farzana Ferdous , Ariyan Tasrif Nur , Mia Md. Younus
Published: November 2024

Urban lakes are vital to ecosystems, providing essential services and recreational spaces in densely populated megacities. However, rapid urbanization and anthropogenic activities, particularly eutrophication driven by macronutrient accumulation, severely threaten these water bodies. This study underscores the critical need for continuous trophic state monitoring to sustain fish, wildlife, and plant ecosystems. The trophic status of Dhanmondi, Gulshan, and Banani Lakes in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, was assessed using Carlson’s Trophic State Index (CTSI) and Burn’s Trophic Level Index (BTLI), based on Chlorophyll a (Chl-a), Total Phosphorus (TP), Secchi Disc Depth (SD), and Total Nitrogen (TN). Water samples from five sites per lake were analyzed for physicochemical parameters from June’23 to May’24, revealing monthly and seasonal variations. The study revealed that Dhanmondi Lake's CTSI ranged from 69.3 to 79.5 (June'23 to March'24), indicating initial "Eutrophic" conditions progressing to "Hypereutrophic". Gulshan Lake consistently showed "Hypereutrophic" conditions, with CTSI values between 84.1 and 97.3. Banani Lake was "Eutrophic" in June & July'23, transitioning to "Hypereutrophic" from August’23 to May’24 (84.1-97.7). The Trophic Level Index (TLI) showed the "Hypereutrophic" status with a progressive monthly escalation for all the lakes. The Water Quality Index (WQI) categorized the lakes as "Poor" to "Very Poor" from June to August’23, becoming "Unsuitable" from September’23 to May’24, indicating significant anthropogenic stress. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified nutrient infiltration, soil erosion, waste discharge, and organic residue accumulation as key pollution drivers. The study advocates for a multi-sectoral strategy to regulate nutrient loading and mitigate eutrophication, emphasizing best management practices for urban lake conservation.
Non-Affinity Platform for Processing Knob-into-Hole Bispecific Antibody
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Li Min , Li Mengting , Hong Huoyan , Gao Kai , Zhao Puya
Published: November 2024

Bispecific antibodies hold significant potential as next-generation biotherapeutics owing to their ability to simultaneously bind to two targets. However, the development of bispecific antibodies as biotherapeutics has been hindered by the high levels of byproducts produced, including both high molecular weight and low molecular weight variants. In addition, the inevitable expression of homodimers in host cells presents further obstacles to the commercial development of bispecific antibodies as therapeutics. These byproducts, which share similar physicochemical properties with the target, pose several challenges for downstream purification processes. In this study, we present a non-protein A purification platform that employ a one-step polishing chromatography to purify bispecific antibodies. Mixed-mode Capto adhere resin was used to capture the target protein at pH 7.90 ± 0.10, followed by anion exchange chromatography as a polishing step. Overall, the results of this two-step chromatography purification method demonstrated at final product purity of 98% as assessed by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) and 98% by reversed-phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), with residual host cell proteins controlled at 10 ppm and an excellent recovery rate of approximately 60%. This study presents a non-protein A capture platform, offering a simplified, streamlined, and competitive alternative to conventional affinity chromatography.
On the Instrumental Discrepancies in Lyman-alphaObservations of Solar Flares
Authors: Greatorex Harry J. , Milligan Ryan O. , Dammasch Ingolf E.
Published: November 2024

Despite the energetic significance of Lyman-alpha (Lyα; 1216˚A) emission from solar flares, regular observations of flare related Lyα have been relatively scarce until recently. Advances in instrumental capabilities and a shift in focus over previous Solar Cycles mean it is now routinely possible to take regular co-observations of Lyα emission in solar flares. Thus, it is valuable to examine how the instruments selected for flare observations may influence the conclusions drawn from the analysis of their unique measurements. Here, we examine three M-class flares each observed in Lyα by GOES-14/EUVS-E, GOES-15/EUVS-E, or GOES-16/EXIS-EUVS-B, and at least one other instrument from PROBA2/LYRA, MAVEN/EUVM, ASO-S/LST-SDI, and SDO/EVE-MEGS-P. For each flare, the relative and excess flux, contrast, total energy, and timings of the Lyα emission were compared between instruments. It was found that while the discrepancies in measurements of the relative flux between instruments may be considered minimal, the calculated contrasts, excess fluxes, and energetics may differ significantly - in some cases up to a factor of five. This may have a notable impact on multi-instrument investigations of the variable Lyα emission in solar flares and estimates of the contribution of Lyα to the radiated energy budget of the chromosphere. The findings presented in this study will act as a guide for the interpretation of observations of flare-related Lyα from upcoming instruments during future Solar Cycles and inform conclusions drawn from multi-instrument studies.
Bovine Biowaste Derived Nanocellulose for Pyrethrin Stabilization and Controlled Release
Authors: Mugo Samuel M. , Lu Weihao
Published: November 2024

Sustainable industrial and food production technologies are in demand with the heightened public environmental consciousness. For example, there is growing demand for organic agriculture where synthetic pesticides are replaced with biopesticides. While effective in the short term, biopesticides are unstable and decompose rapidly in nature, losing their pesticidal action. As such the use of biopesticides can be uneconomical. Pyrethrins are a good example of biopesticides that have found widespread application in both crop and animal husbandry. To improve pyrethrin stability, this article will demonstrate bovine biowaste derived nanocellulose (BBNC) as an effective support for stabilizing pyrethrins, and for controlled release for up to one month. The BBNC demonstrated functional similarities to commercial cellulose nanocrystals, hence the article points to a potential valorization technology potential for bovine biowaste.
Agroecological transition delivers win-win outcomes for people and nature
Authors: Berger Iris , Kamble Ajit , Morton Oscar , Raj Varsha , Nair Sayuj , Edwards David , Wauchope Hannah , Joshi Viral , Basu Parthiba , Smith Barbara , Dicks Lynn
Published: November 2024

The Global Biodiversity Framework promotes agroecological farming approaches, yet rigorous system-wide evaluations of agroecological programmes are urgently needed to balance the entwined but partially competing Sustainable Development Goals of curbing food insecurity, improving human well-being, and tackling biodiversity loss. We focus on the largest agroecological transition globally — the 64,000 km2 government-incentivised zero-budget natural farming (ZBNF) programme in India — to co-analyse socio-economic and biodiversity impacts. ZBNF more than doubled farmers’ economic profits and maintained comparable crop yields. Bird biodiversity outcomes were improved, with the densities of bird species and functional guilds involved in pest control and seed dispersal increasing; although natural forests remain essential to sustaining populations of forest-specialised species. Trade-offs between bird densities and landscape-scale yields and profit were substantially less pronounced in ZBNF than in conventional, agrichemical-based farming systems, underscoring the benefits of agroecological interventions with aligned protection of natural ecosystems.
The Impact of Nurses' Intercultural Sensitivity on Care Satisfaction of Syrian Refugee Patients
Authors: KARA BİRCAN , KARA Sercan , UĞUR Mustafa
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The intercultural nursing approach aims to provide holistic care that respects cultural values and lifestyle. In a globalizing world, the level of intercultural sensitivity of nurses also affects the quality of care.
Method: The present descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 191 nurses and 200 refugee patients. Data on the level of intercultural sensitivity of nurses and care satisfaction of refugee patients receiving care were collected.
Results: It was determined that barriers such as language, cultural differences and communication negatively affect the care satisfaction of the refugees they care for, and that nurses' working experience increases respect for different cultures.
Discussion: In line with these results, in order to increase the cultural sensitivity of nurses, it is recommended to provide trainings for the patient groups they care for, to establish separate application units for refugees in institutions and to employ nurses trained in intercultural nursing in these units.