bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humanitarian Evidence and Discourse Summary No.28
Authors: Kelly Luke
Published: July 2022

This is the 28th monthly Humanitarian Evidence Summary (HUMES) to signpost FCDO and other UK government departments to the latest relevant evidence and discourse on humanitarian action to inform and support their response. It is the result of 1 day of work per month and is not intended to be a comprehensive summary of available evidence on humanitarian action but aims to make original documents easily accessible to decision-makers that, if relevant to them, they could refer to before making decisions.
Considerazioni chiave: affrontare le discriminazioni strutturali e le barriere al vaccino covid-19 per le comunità rom in italia
Authors: Sarafian Iliana
Published: July 2022

Questo rapporto evidenzia come le discriminazioni strutturali e l'esclusione sociale influenzino le percezioni e gli atteggiamenti nei confronti del vaccino per il COVID-19 tra le comunità rom in Italia. Uno degli obiettivi è mettere in luce il ruolo che le autorità pubbliche e le comunità possono svolgere nel sostenere l'adozione del vaccino e nel contrasto ai più ampi processi di esclusione sociale.1 Le risposte contraddittorie che lo Stato italiano ha fornito durante la pandemia di Covid-19, insieme alle forme di esclusione già in atto, hanno comportato un aumento della sfiducia delle comunità rom nei confronti delle iniziative statali, impattando anche sull’adesione alla campagna vaccinale.2 Questo documento si propone di supportare e informare le amministrazioni locali e le istituzioni sanitarie pubbliche coinvolte nell’assistenza e nei processi di inclusione delle comunità rom in Italia. Il presente documento si basa su una ricerca condotta di persona e a distanza dal novembre 2021 al gennaio 2022 in Italia con le comunità rom e sinti di Milano, Roma e Catania. Sebbene queste comunità si caratterizzino per diversità storica e per differenti forme di identità linguistica, geografica, religiosa, sono state individuate delle somiglianze nel modo in cui hanno vissuto la pandemia di COVID-19 e nelle decisioni a proposito del vaccino. Questo documento è stato sviluppato per SSHAP da Iliana Sarafian (LSE) con i contributi e le revisioni di Elizabeth Storer (LSE), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), Marco Solimene (University of Iceland), Dijana Pavlovic (Upre Roma) e Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica). La ricerca è stata finanziata dalla British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058) e si è svolta presso il Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. La sintesi è di responsabilità di SSHAP.
Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Tarafından Hazırlanan Beceri Temelli Türkçe Sorularının Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisi Açısından Ele Alınması
Authors: GÜRBÜZ US Rabia , ERCAN GÜVEN Aliye Nur
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Ölçme, Değerlendirme ve Sınav Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından ortaokul 5, 6 ve 7. sınıf öğrencileri için yayımlanan Türkçe dersi beceri temelli sorularının Yenilenmiş Bloom taksonomisine göre dağılımının incelenmesidir. Çalışma betimsel bir araştırma olup tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Ölçme, Değerlendirme ve Sınav Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından 5, 6 ve 7. sınıf öğrencileri için yayımlanan Türkçe dersi beceri temelli soruları ele alınmış, örneklem alma yoluna gidilmemiş, tüm sorular incelemeye dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma verileri doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmıştır ve verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz kullanmıştır. Verilerin güvenirliği hesaplanırken, Miles ve Huberman’ın formülü kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından 5, 6 ve 7. sınıf öğrencileri için yayımlanan beceri temelli soruların %71,2 oranında bilişsel alan basamaklarının anlama basamağında olduğu, hiçbir sınıfta yaratma basamağında soru bulunmadığı ve hatırlama (%1,6) ile değerlendirme (%1,2) düzeylerindeki soruların ise sınırlı bir oranda kaldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Exploring extracellular vesicles as mediators of clinical disease and vehicles for viral therapeutics: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Craddock Vaughn D. , Cook Christine M. , Dhillon Navneet K.
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers to rapidly understand the capabilities of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and investigate potential therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 has been associated with devastating lung and cardiac injury, profound inflammation, and a heightened coagulopathic state, which may, in part, be driven by cellular crosstalk facilitated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). In recent years, EVs have emerged as important biomarkers of disease, and while extracellular vesicles may contribute to the spread of COVID-19 infection from one cell to the next, they also may be engineered to play a protective or therapeutic role as decoys or “delivery drivers” for therapeutic agents. This review explores these roles and areas for future study.
Синхронізація траєкторій польоту на основі архітектури «Інтернету речей» при реалізації управління рєм
Authors: Ахаладзе I. , Лісовиченко O.
Published: July 2022

Реалізований підхід з використанням архітектури «Інтернету речей» (IoT) [1] для вирішення проблеми втрати синхронізації членами рою дронів при одночасному розробці визначеного плану польоту. Для синхронізації виконаннятраєкторій у запропонованому підході використовується аналіз телеметричних даних кожного дрона із заданою дискретністю в якості керування роєм зворотного зв’язку. Крім того, визначено основні вимоги до швидкості зворотного зв’язку від дронів та впливу часу зворотного зв’язку на динаміку управління загальним роєм.

Бібл. 7, іл. 8.
Порівняння методів хешування у підтримці консистентності розподілених баз даних
Authors: Нікітін В. , Крилов Є.
Published: July 2022

Об’єктом дослідження є методи забезпечення консистентності у розподілених системах. Розподілені системи дозволяють використовувати будь-які послуги незалежно від геолокації користувача і при цьому зберігати продуктивність на високому рівні. Зі збільшенням обсягів та швидкості обміну інформації у сучаснихсистемах, тим складніше підтримка консистентності між різними вузлами. Це може призводити до зниження продуктивності або некоректної роботи під час використання кінцевими користувачами. У будь-якому випадку, зберігання неактуальних даних можуть утворювати конфліктні ситуації на користувацькому рівні. Критичність цього залежить від галузі, в якій працює система і наскількі узгодженість даних важлива. Наприклад, оновленя DNS доменів відбувається раз на день і у більшості випадків це є достатнім, але у випадку військових систем це є неприпустимим, оскільки це може призвести до людських втрат та грошових збитків внаслідок оперування застарілою інформацією.Ця робота є продовженням минулої праці, в якій описаний PH-1 алгоритм. Основною метою було показати, що його можно поставити в один ряд з вже існуючими алгоритмами та показати доцільність використання у розподілених системах. У статті був зроблений порівняльний аналіз з алгоритмом на основі ділення та криптографічними хеш-функціями MD5 та SHA-1. За результатми цього аналізу можно  зробити висновки, що PH-1 має стійкість до колізій у тих випадках, коли вищезазначені алгоритми утворюють колізії, але одночасно з цим накладаються певні обмеження навикористання. Даний алгоритм продукує хеш значення пропорційне довжині вхідного масиву даних, але безперечно менший за нього. Це означає, що використання PH-1 майже не має сенсу для даних великого розміру. Одним з можливих способів використання може бути перевірка критично важливих даних, які повинні бути максимально узгоджені на різних вузлах розподіленої системи.

Бібл. 4, іл. 2, табл. 1.
Нечіткий алгоритм ситуаційного управління рухом міського транспорту
Authors: Стенін О. , Пасько В. , Дроздович I. , Солдатова М. , Стенін С.
Published: July 2022

У зв'язку з постійним зростанням міст за чисельністю населення і території різко збільшується обсяг пасажирських перевезень. Вивченню транспортної інфраструктури в наукових роботах приділяється багато уваги, але сучасні проблеми функціонування різних видів транспорту у великих містах залишаються не повністю освітленими. В першу чергу це стосується великої невизначеності в поточній інформації про рух транспорту та їх роботу в разі виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій. У статті пропонується використовувати математичний апарат теорії систем масовогообслуговування для аналізу пасажиропотоку на міському транспорті. Як приклад побудований графік станів маршрутних таксі і отримані співвідношення для оцінки основних показників якості їх роботи. В умовах частих змін дорожніх ситуацій і невизначеності умов отримання інформації про поточну ситуацію пропонується здійснювати управління дорожнім рухом з використанням інтелектуальних інструментів підтримки прийняття рішень. У зв'язку з цим доцільно використовувати підхід, заснований на нечіткому ситуаційному управлінні. З цією метою в статті пропонується алгоритм нечіткого ситуаційного управління, який лежить в основі інтелектуальних IDSS. Для оптимального переходу від поточної ситуації до ситуації, що відповідає новим умовам експлуатації, в сенсі обраного критерію пропонуєтьсявикористовувати метод динамічного програмування.

Бібл. 12, іл. 4.
INTENSIFICATION OF THE ABSORPTION OF OXYGEN BY WATER USING A ROTOR-PULSATING APPARATUS
Authors: Sablii Larysa , Obodovych Oleksandr , Sydorenko Vitalii
Published: July 2022

One of the important components of the quality of food products is the quality of water used. A common way to remove unwanted impurities from water is aeration, i.e. the oxidation of chemical compounds in water by oxygen. Aeration devices with mechanical energy input in comparison with other groups of devices, namely with energy input with gas phase and with liquid phase, have low power consumption and additional mixing of the processed medium. The work presents a study of oxygen absorption in water in an experimental setup with rotor-pulsating apparatus for water treatment in beverage production technology. In this paper, the energy and technological parameters of aeration of a model aqueous solution of a certain concentration of sodium sulfide in an experimental setup with a rotor-pulsating apparatus as an aerator are determined. The experimental aeration setup allows conducting research in several modes and consists in particular of a vessel, a rotor-pulsating apparatus, two ejectors - one at the entrance to the rotor-pulsating, the other at the outlet, the recirculation pipeline. Air from the atmosphere enters each of the ejectors through a separate air duct. The aeration of the studied water took place in the recirculation mode for 20 minutes. Determination of the oxygen mass transfer rate is determined by the iodometric titration method on the rate of oxidation of sodium sulfite. Experiments were conducted without using a catalyst. It is determined that when placing the ejector unit at the rotor-pulsating apparatus inlet at the angular rotor unit velocity of 240.02; 270.18,  and 300.02 s-1, the oxygen mass transfer rate is 1.39; 1.49 and 1.73 kg m3/h. At the location of the ejector unit at the outlet of the rotor-pulsating apparatus, the velocity of the oxygen mass transfer under the same conditions is 1.17; 1.36 and 1.63 kg m3/h respectively. However, the power consumption of the second scheme exceeds the power consumption by the first scheme by 50%.
Method of training routes of data transmission on mobile radio networks
Authors: Divitskyi Andrii , Storchak Anton , Kramskyi Anton , Salnyk Serghii
Published: July 2022

A method for training data transmission routes in wireless self-organized networks is proposed. Features of construction of networks of this class are described. The main tasks of functioning of the control system of wireless self – organized networks are shown. The main teaching methods used to predict changes in data transmission routes are analyzed. The efficiency of application in certain fields and non-compliance with the requirements for the method being developed are explained. The essence of forecasting and direct connection with the process of learning data transmission routes is described. The routing system is shown as a necessary component for uninterrupted operation of wireless self-organized networks. The essence and requirements for the teaching method are shown. The learning unit of the forecasting subsystem is considered. Options for increasing the efficiency of scalar optimization are shown. The essence of the method is to learn the parameters (total latency; network routes; minimum bandwidth; reliability; load; load) of data transmission routes using the scalar optimization method, designed to dynamically select the most efficient adaptability function used in each new generation of evolutionary algorithms. Optimization problems with auxiliary criteria and reinforcement training are analyzed. The “Evolutionary Algorithm and Reinforced Learning” algorithm allows you to control the execution process of the evolutionary algorithm. The Hierarchical-if-and-only-if function problem is described and its efficiency when working with different algorithms is shown. The parameters used in the work correspond to the parameters of the research, which makes it possible to compare the results with previous results. In the course of work on the method its efficiency is reflected and the comparative analysis with similar methods of multicriteria optimization is carried out.
Development methodology of metrological support of maintenance by the technical state of communication means
Authors: Myroshnychenko Yurii
Published: July 2022

Peculiarities of metrological support for technical maintenance based on the condition of large-scale communication devices (tens and hundreds of thousands of elements) consisting of separate subsystems, whose functionality can be checked, maintenance and restoration of functionality can be performed autonomously, are considered. It is suggested to increase the efficiency of technical maintenance according to the condition to take into account the peculiarities of metrological support, to establish a rational sequence of operations, and to reasonably choose measuring equipment depending on the requirements. For this, the methodology uses a complex indicator that combines individual parameters of checks and the probability of their preferred choice. This makes it possible to assess the technical condition of the means of communication in a minimum time with a given probability. In addition, it is possible to quantitatively estimate the time of maintenance, taking into account metrological reliability and the probability of correct assessment of the result of checking parameters by means of measuring equipment. The procedure for using the obtained results is formalized and an example of implementation is given. For the first time, the results of the latest research in the field of technical and metrological support of means of communication during their technical operation are taken into account, namely, the possibility of erroneous assessment of the results of parameter checks, the possibility of failure of measuring equipment, which allows to significantly increase the probability of correct assessment of the technical condition of means of communication during their maintenance according to condition. In addition, taking into account modern achievements in technical diagnostics made it possible to quantitatively estimate the maximum value of the maintenance time based on the state of the means of communication and compare it with the acceptable value specified in the technical documentation. The functional dependencies of the proposed complex coefficient of the feasibility of each inspection, on the metrological reliability of the measuring equipment and the probability of erroneous decisions in the evaluation of the inspection values after measuring the relevant parameters, were obtained and investigated. The area of existence of solutions for calculating the complex coefficient from the quality of metrological support is defined. It is advisable to use the obtained results during the development of the technological process of maintenance of promising and existing means of communication, as well as when planning the activities of specialists during scheduled maintenance work on equipment at field and stationary communication nodes.
Adverse Renal Effects of Anticancer Immunotherapy: A Review
Authors: Borówka Maciej , Łącki-Zynzeling Stanisław , Nicze Michał , Kozak Sylwia , Chudek Jerzy
Published: July 2022

Modern oncological therapy utilizes various types of immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhib-itors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapy, cancer vaccines and bispecific an-tibodies are improving patients’ outcomes. However, stimulation of the immune system, benefi-cial in terms of fighting against cancer, generates the risk of harm to other cells in a patient's body. Kidney damage belongs to the relatively rare adverse events (AEs). Best described, but still, su-perficially, are renal AEs in patients treated with ICIs. International guidelines issued by Euro-pean Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) cover the management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) during ICI therapy. There are scarce data concerning renal adverse drug reactions of other immunotherapeutic methods. This implicates the need for the collection of safety data during ongoing clinical trials and in the re-al-life world to characterize the hazard related to the use of new immunotherapies and manage-ment of irAEs.
Development and Characterization of Zein/Ag-Sr Doped MBGNs Coatings for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Batool Syeda Ammara , Liaquat Ushna , Channa Iftikhar Ahmed , Gilani Sadaf Jamal , Makhdoom Muhammad Atif , Yasir Muhammad , Ashfaq Jaweria , Bin Jumah May Nasser , Rehman Muhammad Atiq ur
Published: July 2022

Implants are used to replace damaged biological structures in human body. Although stain-less-steel (SS) is a well-known implant material, corrosion of SS implants led to the release toxic metallic ions which produce harmful effects in human body. To prevent material degradation and its harmful repercussions, these implanted materials are subjected to biocompatible coatings. Polymeric coatings play a vital role in enhancing the mechanical and biological integrity of the implanted devices. Zein is a natural protein extracted from corn and is known to have good bio-compatibility and biodegradability. In this study, Zein/Ag-Sr doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Ag-Sr MBGNs) were deposited on SS substrates via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) at different parameters. Ag and Sr ions were added to impart antibacterial and osteogenic properties to the coatings, respectively. In order to examine the surface morphology of coatings, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. To analyze me-chanical strength, pencil scratch test, bend test, corrosion and wear tests were conducted on ze-in/Ag-Sr doped MBGNs coatings. The results show good adhesion strength, wettability, corro-sion, and wear resistance for zein/Ag-Sr doped MBGNs coatings as compared to bare SS sub-strate. Thus, good mechanical and biological properties were observed for zein/Ag-Sr doped MBGNs coatings. Results suggested these zein/Ag-Sr MBGNs coatings have great potential in bone regeneration applications.
Genotype-by-Environment Interaction for Yam (Dioscorea species) Mosaic Virus Resistance, Dry Matter Content, and Yields in Uganda
Authors: Adjei Emmanuel Amponsah , Esuma Williams , Alicai Titus , Chamba Emmanuel Boache , Edema Richard , Dramadri Isaac Onziga , Ozimati Alfred Adebo , Agaba Rolland , Odong Thomas Lapaka
Published: July 2022

Often yam varieties grown in different agro-ecologies show differential responses across production environments, a term known as genotype-by-environment interaction. Genotype-by-environment interaction makes selecting the best genotypes under varied production environments more complex. This study tested twenty yam genotypes evaluated in six test environments to assess genotype, environment, and the interaction between genotypes and environmental effect for tuber yield, yam mosaic virus, and dry matter content. The experiments were conducted in two seasons across three locations in Uganda using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed a significant effect (p ≤ 0.001) for genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype by environment interaction for all the traits. Serere 2021 and Namulonge 2021 were identified as the most discriminating and representative environments for testing the yam mosaic virus, respectively. Serere 2021 was recognized as the most discriminating environment, whereas Arua 2021 was identified as the closest to an ideal environment for assessing yam tuber yields. The tested genotypes also exhibited high resistance to yam mosaic virus disease, high tuber yields, and high dry matter content. Genotypes UGY16020, UGY16034, UGY16042, and UGY16080 demonstrated great resistance to yam mosaic virus disease, high yielding, and considerable dry matter content and are thus potential parents for yam improvement. Further evaluation of the four genotypes should be done under farmers' production systems for selection, improvement, and release as new yam varieties for Uganda
Experiments with B92 Quantum Key Distribution Algorithm Implementation
Authors: Gopal Ayush
Published: July 2022

This study presents the B92 Quantum Key Distribution scheme and its optimization and implementation considerations. Simulation software was developed to model and analyze the B92 protocol under varying conditions. Another contribution of this work is investigating how this protocol runs on real quantum computing hardware. New eavesdropping schemes were proposed and modeled.
A 4-Dimensional Mathematical Model for Interaction between the Human Immune System and a Virus
Authors: Munteanu Florian
Published: July 2022

In the present study we introduce a deterministic mathematical model in order to study the interaction between the human immune system and a virus, like COVID 19. The mathematical analysis is based on the tools of dynamical systems theory, by modeling the interactions between the immune system and the virus, using a predator-prey method and following the ideas of G. Moza, from \cite{TGV}. It will be obtained some conclusions with medical relevance and the main three of them are the followings: 1) A deficiency of a single type of immunity in the early stages of virus proliferation, may lead to a large virus multiplication and the human body can loses the fight against this virus; 2) If the level of all components of the immunity system are at the normal threshold from the first moment of the infection and the immune system kill the virus at higher rate than the rate of virus reproduction, then the human body has the ability to stop the multiplication of the virus and liquidate it, that means the virus will be destroyed; 3) If the level of at least one type of immunity can be increased beyond the normal threshold, by medical interventions (like vaccination) in the early stages of virus infection, then the immune system has a better chance to win the fight with the virus.
Toxicology of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Botanical and Synthetic Pesticides on Mortality Rate of Crocidolomia binotalis (Zeller)
Authors: Habriantono Bakhroini , Suharto Suharto , Wagiyana Wagiyana , Hoesain Mohammad , Jatmiko Mochammad Wildan , Prastowo Sigit , Pradana Ankardiansyah Pandu , Nurdika Anggi Anwar Hendra , Alfarisy Fariz Kustiawan
Published: July 2022

Crocidolomia binotalis (Cb) (Zeller) is one of the main pests of cabbage which is difficult for farmers to control in the Ijen Crater in Indonesia. The demand for cabbage in Indonesia is increasing every year, so intensification efforts are continuously being made. Farmers intensively use synthetic pesticides as the primary control of Cb. The purpose of this study is to examine several control agents that can be used as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. Then, it provides recommendations to Ijen Crater farmers to adapt in reducing the use of synthetic pesticides. The biopesticide used was based on the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus strains of Spodoptera litura (SlNPV) and Helicoverpa armigera (HaNPV), botanical pesticides, and synthetic pesticides as a comparison treatment. SlNPv and HaNPV isolates were obtained from the Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute. The botanical pesticide formulas come from a combination of Azadiracta indica, Aglaia odorata, Ageratum conyzoides dried for one week and proposed to form flour. Then, it was extracted using 96% ethanol solvent, 0.5% tween 90 using a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 40oC. For synthetic pesticide, the treatment used the active ingredient Permethrin 20 mgL-1. The cb collected from the field was re-filtered in a Petri dish by providing artificial feed soaked with this material for 5 minutes. The highest mortality test results were found in the botanical pesticide formula with a value of 100% at 72 hours. Mortality in SlNPV and HaNPV tended to be stable with a maximum value of 72.02%. The results of mortality testing in the laboratory can be a recommendation for alternative control of Cb pests in cabbage plants in the field. In this case, it is an effort to reduce farmers' dependence on using synthetic pesticides.
Sediment Assessment of Al-Hindyia and Al-Abbasyia River / Iraq by aquatic oligocheata community as bioindicators
Authors: AL-Ameen Nadia Imad , Al-Jaff Dlovan Kammal
Published: July 2022

Bioindicators have an important role in assessing the quality of water bodies. Aquatic oligocheates, was used as a bioindicator to assess the sediment quality of Al-Hindyia and AL-Abbasyia river (branches of Euphrates River in Iraq). Two sites in each river have been   chosen for this purpose, site S1 was located at Al-Hindyia River and S2 at Al-Abbasyia River. Some kinds of biological indices were used in this study, comprising the percentage of oligochaetes in benthic invertebrates, ranged from 20.3-60.16%. While the percentage of Tubificidae within benthic invertebrates was close 43.3-43.9%.Index of pollution D ranged from 0.13-0.21. The maximum percentage of aquatic oligochaetes to insects larvae of family Chironomidae larvae was recorded at S2 90% while at S1 60%. I0 was scored high value at S1 36.06 whilst only 30.56 at S2.E0 was A8 at S1 and A9 at S2.while IOBS was 15.26 at S2 and 7.07 at S1.The percentage of subfamily Tubificidae (TUSP) showed the highest value 21.21% at S1 while 11.79%at S2 .
Study the Nuclear Structure of Some Even-Even Ca Isotopes Using the Microscopic Theory
Authors: Hameed Ban Sabah , Alwan Tabarak Abdulla
Published: July 2022

The root-mean square-radius of proton, neutron, matter and charge radii, energy level, inelastic longitudinal form factors, reduced transition probability from the ground state to first-excited 2+ state of even-even isotopes, quadrupole moments, quadrupole deformation parameter, and the occupation numbers for some calcium isotopes for A=42,44,46,48,50 are computed using fp-model space and FPBM interaction. 40Ca nucleus is regarded as the inert core for all isotopes under this model space with valence nucleons are moving throughout the fp-shell model space involving 1f7/2, 2p3/2, 1f5/2, and 2p1/2 orbits. Model space is used to present calculations using FPBM interaction, and with the effects of core-polarization are obtained by the first order core polarization through a microscopic theory is called modified surface delta interaction which allows all higher orbits are excited by particle-hole excitation from the core and model space orbits. Also, each isotope's effective charge is determined by using the collective model by Bohr and Mottelson formula. The current result corresponds to the experimental data by taking into account core polarization effects.
Shared mobility and vehicle lifetimes – implications for the carbon footprint
Authors: Morfeldt Johannes , Johansson Daniel
Published: July 2022

Car sharing will likely increase the annual vehicle driving distance, which may accelerate passenger car retirement. We develop a semi-empirical lifetime-driving intensity model using statistics on Swedish vehicle retirement. We integrate our semi-empirical model with a carbon footprint model, which assesses future decarbonization of global, European Union, and Swedish energy systems. In this work, we show that the carbon footprint depends on both calendar age and cumulative driving distance of the vehicle. Higher driving intensities generally result in lower carbon footprints due to increased cumulative driving distance over the vehicle’s lifetime. Shared autonomous vehicles could decrease the carbon footprint by about 41% in 2050, if one shared vehicle replaces ten individually owned vehicles. However, empty travel by shared autonomous vehicles – the additional distance traveled to pick up passengers – may cause carbon footprints to increase. Hence, vehicles should be designed for durability to enhance the carbon footprint benefits of sharing.
Diagnostic value of the microcolon by ultrasonography in small bowel atresia
Authors: Ju Hao , Feng Shu , Huang Ying
Published: July 2022

Background
Microcolon is helpful in the diagnosis of small bowel atresia (SBA) by barium enema, While there is no Ultrasonography (US) criteria of microcolon for diagnosing SBA.
Methods
US was performed in 46 neonates within 7 days old. As a study group (n = 15), neonates of SBA was confirmed with followed surgery. As a study group without SBA (n = 15), neonates with other gastrointestinal problems different that SBA were confirmed by surgical or clinical follow up. Sixteen neonates without gastrointestinal problems was classified as control group. Diameter of the colon was measured. Colonic gas were sought and observed. Statistical analysis was performed to compare US parameters between study group with other groups. Optimal cut off value of the colonic diameter for SBA diagnosis were obtained with receiver operating characteristic analysis.
Results
Colonic diameters in study group 0.5cm (interquartile ranges (IQR), 0.5–0.6 cm) was significantly smaller than that in study group without SBA 0.9cm (IQR, 0.8-1.2cm) (P < 0 .001) and in control group 1.2cm (IQR, 0.8-1.35cm) (P < 0 .001). Optimum cut off value for diagnosis of SBA was 6.5 mm (sensitivity, 90.3%; specificity, 86.7%; accuracy, 89.1%) for colonic diameter. A combination of microcolon and gas negative in it showed the best performance in US diagnosis of SBA, with the highest accuracy (91.3%).
Conclusion
A colon less than 6.5mm in diameter should be called microcolon by US, combined with gas negative can be highly suggestive of SBA.
Atom Interferometer Gates Realization: An Optimal Quantum Control Method
Authors: Sharifi Javad
Published: July 2022

Atom Interferometer has two quantum unitary gates that must be realized for quantum sensing purposes such as atomic gravimeter and atomic interferometer gyroscope. An optimal cost function which defines the distance between two unitary operators is defined and based on it, general adaptive (GADA) algorithms for optimization based quantum control are innovated to realize the atomic mirror and atomic beam-splitter gates. For the realization of those atom interferometer gates, we used optimal quantum control. We obtained gate fidelities of 0.9980 and 0.9998 for the mirror and the beam-splitter gates, respectively. In this research, a two-level atom system with clock transitions 1S0 ↔ 3P0 of strontium(87Sr) atom was employed.
Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a PCL supported constructed wetland with limited aeration
Authors: Wang Yuhui , Zhou Panpan , Song Xinshan , Xu Zhongshuo
Published: July 2022

Considerable advances have been made in constructed wetlands (CWs) substrate design and operation strategies to promote nitrogen transformation and elimination. However, few studies focused on the complex interplay of solid organic substrates and limited aeration on nitrogen removal. Vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) in gradient distribution of inorganic (volcanic and ceramsite) (C-VFCW) or solid organic substrates (polycaprolactone/PCL) (P-VFCW) with aeration were developed for tertiary removal from municipal wastewater. Results showed that ammonia was almost converted to nitrate while total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) was negligible in C-VFCW. However, an optimal TNRE exceeded 95% with an aeration rate of 0.06 mL·min− 1 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h in P-VFCW, and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process (SND) in aerobic conditions was verified. As for microbial communities’ spatial characteristics, Comamonas, closely relating to heterotrophic nitrification and anoxic/aerobic denitrification, was enriched vertically along with the P-VFCW. Autotrophic nitrifier (Nitrospira), anoxic denitrifier (Methyloversatilis), and aerobic denitrifier (Bradyrhizobium and Azospira) were observed and dominated in different depths of P-VFCW. Besides, the biomass growth of Canna indica in P-VFCW was much greater than that in C-VFCW. The P-VFCW developed in this study is a promising technology for advanced nitrogen removal from municipal secondary wastewater.
“Goals in Focus” – A targeted CBT approach for motivational negative symptoms of psychosis: Study protocol for a randomized-controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Schormann Alisa Laura Annette , Pillny Matthias , Haß Katharina , Lincoln Tania Marie
Published: July 2022

Background: The reduction of goal-directed behavior is the core issue in motivational negative symptoms of psychosis as it accounts for the long-term decline in psychological wellbeing and psychosocial functioning. However, the available treatment options are largely unspecific and show only small effects on motivational negative symptoms. Interventions that directly target the relevant psychological mechanisms are likely to be more effective. With “Goals in Focus”, we translated findings from basic clinical research on mechanisms underlying motivational negative symptoms into a tailored and comprehensive novel psychological treatment program. With this study, we will test the feasibility of the therapy protocol and the trial procedures. We also aim to examine first estimates of the effect size that can be expected from Goals in Focus to inform the sample size calculation of a subsequent fully powered trial.Methods: We will conduct a single-blind randomized-controlled trial at the outpatient clinic of Universität Hamburg, Germany. Thirty participants diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and at least moderate motivational negative symptoms will be randomly assigned to either 24 sessions of “Goals in Focus” over the course of six months or to a 6-months waitlist control group. Assessments will be conducted at baseline (t0) and 6 months after baseline completion (t1). Feasibility and acceptability of the therapy protocol will be rated by practitioners and participants. Trial feasibility outcomes include patient recruitment, retention and attendance rates. The primary outcome for effect size estimation is defined as group differences in motivational negative symptoms at t1 corrected for baseline values. Secondary outcomes include psychosocial functioning, psychological well-being, depressive symptoms, expressive negative symptoms, negative symptom factor scores, and goal pursuit in everyday life.Discussion: The feasibility and acceptability data will be used to improve on the trial design and the provision of the “Goals in Focus” intervention where necessary. The treatment effect on the primary outcome will provide the basis for the sample size calculation for a fully powered RCT.Trial registration: 1) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05252039; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05252039?term=goals&cond=Negative+Symptoms+with+Primary+Psychotic+Disorder&draw=2&rank=1; registered on 23 February 20222) Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien: Identifier: DRKS00018083https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00018083; registered on 28 August 2019
Effects of native and exotic grasses on the survival and growth of tree seedlings in a neotropical savanna
Authors: Rabelo Bruno dos Santos , Langevelde Frank Van , Tomlinson Kyle , Diniz Pedro , Silva Dulce Alves da , Barbosa Eduardo Rogério Moribe , Borghetti Fabian
Published: July 2022

Invasive grasses have spread over large areas of ancient savannas worldwide and have extensively impacted native landscapes in the neotropics. However, our understanding on how the displacement of native by exotic grasses may affect tree-grass coexistence in neotropical savannas is still poor. The present study tested the imposed effects of an exotic grass (Urochloa brizantha) and a native grass (Paspalum atratum) on survival rates, stem growth and biomass of seedlings of native tree species representative of savanna physiognomies of the Cerrado biome. We conducted multiple tree species experiments under natural field conditions subjected to experimental manipulations of light, water supply and fertilization. We found that both the native and exotic grass species reduced tree seedling survival, and these effects were not alleviated by shade or fertilization. Seedling stem length was reduced by the presence of either native or exotic grasses, irrespective of fertilization. Seedling biomass was reduced by both native and exotic grasses, irrespective of light conditions, irrigation, or fertilization. The negative impacts of the exotic grass on seedling survival and growth were larger than those imposed by the native grass, indicating that the displacement of native by exotic grasses can strongly impact recruitment potential of tree species. Due to the magnitude of exotic grass invasiveness in neotropical savannas, and its potential impacts on recruitment patterns of native trees, adequate policies and management plans are needed to control exotic grass spread to conserve native biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Electronic Cigarette Portrayal in Indonesia: A Content Analysis of News Media
Authors: Bigwanto Mouhamad , Arumsari Imas , Fauzi Ridhwan
Published: July 2022

Background
The news media play an essential role in shaping public opinion. Analyzing a specific issue reported in the news media provide insight and considerations for a government to form a policy. The study aimed to assess the portrayal of the electronic cigarette issue in Indonesian news media, including the variety of arguments being presented and the actors behind it.
Methods
We used a paid service database from eBdesk to collect the Indonesian news articles from 2020 to 2021 using the keywords; 'rokok elektronik', 'rokok elektrik', 'e-rokok', 'vape' and 'vaping'. Content analysis of 551 full-text news articles was conducted to identify the concepts, topics, and frames of quoted arguments and to examine whether any frames were presented on the different types of organizations and the origin of actors.
Results
News articles related to e-cigarettes were mostly published in the national newspaper and in the non-health section at the newspaper desk. A total of 891 arguments from 393 persons representing 212 institutions were identified. Twenty-eight concepts were further categorized into 12 topics. Health impact was the most frequently reported topic, followed by regulation, tax/price issues, and e-cigarettes as smoking cessation tools. Overall, the articles and arguments with positive tones toward e-cigarettes outnumbered negative articles and arguments. The industry, university and research-based institutions were the most involved type of organizations in the news articles report. There were more equal frames toward e-cigarettes among the international actors and government, even though the frame within the non-health government sector was reported to be more positive towards e-cigarettes.
Conclusions
Although health impact is the most reported topic, the actors involved in delivering arguments were mainly from the non-health sector, including where the news articles were published on the newspaper desk. The E-cigarettes issue in Indonesia was mainly played by the non-health sector, which is more inclined toward economic interest than health.
NOP53 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation and promotes tumor radio-resistance
Authors: Shi Jie , Chen Si-Ying , Yin Xin-Ke , Zhao Wan-Wen , Bai Shao-Mei , Feng Wei-Xing , Feng Li-Li , Qin Caolitao , Zheng Jian , Wang Yun-Long , Fan Xin-Juan
Published: July 2022

Aberrant DNA damage response (DDR) axis remains the major molecular mechanism for tumor radio-resistance. We recently characterized liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as an essential mechanism of DDR, and identified several key DDR factors as potential LLPS proteins, including nucleolar protein NOP53. In this study, we found that NOP53 formed highly concentrated droplets in vivo and in vitro, which had liquid-like properties including the fusion of adjacent condensates, rapid fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and the sensitivity to 1,6-hexanediol. Moreover, the intrinsically disordered region 1 (IDR1) is required for NOP53 phase separation. Additionally, multivalent-arginine-rich linear motifs (M-R motifs), which are enriched in NOP53, were essential for its nucleolar localization, but were dispensable for the LLPS of NOP53. Functionally, NOP53 silencing diminished tumor cell growth, and significantly sensitized colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to radiotherapy. Mechanically, NOP53 negatively regulated p53 pathway in CRC cells treated with or without radiation. Importantly, data from clinical samples confirmed a correlation between NOP53 expression and tumor radio-resistance. Together, these results indicate an important role of NOP53 in radio-resistance, and provide a potential target for tumor radio-sensitization.
Southern California winter precipitation variability revealed by 100-year ocean salinity record
Authors: Byrne Sierra , Merrifield Mark , Carter Melissa , Cayan Dan , Flick Reinhard , Gershunov Alexander , Giddings Sarah
Published: July 2022

A century-long daily sea surface salinity (SSS) record from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) Pier, La Jolla, CA features short-term (~ 1 week) fresh anomalies (< -0.3 psu) associated with rain events. During the peak wet season (January-March, JFM) the SSS anomaly 10% quantile (SSS10) correlates significantly with nearby river outflow, local and regional measures of precipitation, as well as with a similar SSS10 time series from the Newport Beach Pier (100 km to the north), indicating that the Scripps salinity record provides a measure of year-to-year variations in regional winter precipitation levels and runoff to the coastal ocean. Correlations between SSS10 and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) indices are low; however, negative ENSO (La Niña) and PDO phases correspond consistently with high SSS10/dry winters. In particular, high SSS10 winters tend to cluster during negative decadal phases of the PDO, including a notable three-decade span from 1944–1977 and the current unusually dry period since 2006. Low SSS10/wet winters occur during positive PDO and ENSO phases, although not exclusively, as dry winters are as likely during positive phases. Shifts in Northeast Pacific wind and moisture climatologies, captured in reference to ENSO and PDO phases, help to interpret wet winter variations captured by the salinity record. The long SSS10 time series emphasizes the strong constraint that negative ENSO and PDO phases have on winter drought conditions in southern California, and provides an ocean-based metric for assessing decadal rainfall variations that impact the region.
Implication of glomerular endothelial expression of interferon-stimulated gene 20, an antiviral effector protein, in human kidney inflammation
Authors: Karasawa Takao , Sato Riko , Imaizumi Tadaatsu , Fujita Masashi , Aizawa Tomomi , Tsugawa Koji , Kawaguchi Shogo , Seya Kazuhiko , Tanaka Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

Background: Besides regulating the antiviral response, increased expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in resident renal cells plays a role in the development of some forms of glomerulonephritis. TLR3 activation leads to the production of type I interferon (IFN), which subsequently induces the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). We previously reported that in glomerular resident cells, ISG20 expression is regulated via TLR3/ IFN-β signaling, however, its detailed implications remain undetermined. Methods: Cultured normal human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) were treated with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly-IC), Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), R848, and CpG (TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists). ISG20, CX3CL1/fractalkine and CXCL10/IP-10 mRNA levels were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). ISG20 protein expression was evaluated by western blotting. RNA interference (siRNA) was used to knockdown IFN-β and ISG20. CX3CL1 protein levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: In GECs, the expression of ISG20 mRNA and protein was increased by poly-IC but not by LPS, R848, or CpG treatment. siRNA-mediated knockdown of IFN-β inhibited the poly-IC-induced ISG20 expression. Moreover, ISG20 knockdown prevented the poly-IC-induced expression of CX3CL1, a representative chemokine that acts as a strong macrophage chemoattractant, whereas it had no effect on CXCL10 expression. Conclusion: In GECs, ISG20 is regulated via TLR3 but not via TLR4, TLR7, or TLR9 signaling, and ISG20 is involved in regulating CX3CL1 production. Besides regulating antiviral innate immunity, ISG20 may act as a mediator of CX3CL1 production, thereby inducing glomerular inflammation. Thus, modulating ISG20 expression might be a possible therapeutic strategy for glomerulonephritis.
European Road Transport Policy Assessment: A case study for Germany
Authors: Schulthoff Michael , Kaltschmitt Martin , Balzer Christoph , Wilbrand Karsten , Pomrehn Michael
Published: July 2022

In the EU, the transport sector is the only sector with increasing GHG emissions compared to 1990. While harmful emissions have decreased due to successful regulation, transport performance, fossil fuel consumption and thus CO2 emissions have continued to increase, despite powertrain efficiency improvements. Meaningful regulation, which can be market-based (MBI) and non-market-based (NMBI) by nature, is needed to meet climate targets. To understand the mechanisms, effects and limitations of MBI and NMBI, this study investigates and evaluates selected regulations in the German road transportation sector until 2020. Therefore, this study identifies, describes, and categorizes environmental policy instrument types. Based on this step, selected instruments in the road transportation sector are identified by their type and implemented policies are described and assessed. Furthermore, an assessment methodology is developed to evaluate and score target achievement, cost-efficiency and practical feasibility by linking the outcomes of instruments to its goals. Based on the findings of this assessment, conclusions and recommendations are developed and discussed. Finally, results and general properties of policies and their type of instruments are extrapolated, and general statements about market and non-market-based instruments in a broader context for future regulation and market designs are projected.The study discovers that fuel producers and distributors, vehicle manufacturers and sellers are directly regulated by non-marked-based instruments, despite the EU ETS. On the customer side, primarily market-based implemented except for low-emission zones, which are direct regulations.The study finds that holistic representation and realistic internalization of external effects in a market is complex and will never be complete. Still, sufficient representation can be enough to drive transformation in the transport sector. The CO2 price itself is not sufficiently representing the consequential costs of climate change induced by road transport, and it helps to make low-carbon alternatives economically viable. Overall, the study finds that most implemented regulations in the German road transport sector were successful in relation to their goals.