bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black Reconstruction: An Introduction
Authors: Foner Eric
Published: July 2013

While largely ignored by the historical profession when published in 1935, W. E. B. Du Bois’s Black Reconstruction in America has come to be regarded as a landmark of historical scholarship and essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the era of Civil War and Reconstruction. Du Bois irrefutably exposed the racism underlying the prevailing Dunning school of interpretation of Reconstruction. In its place he advanced ideas, radical for the time, that have become commonplace in historical writing—among them that slavery was the fundamental cause of the Civil War, that blacks were active agents of historical change, that the struggle over control of black labor was central to the era’s politics, that Reconstruction was a time of enormous promise and numerous accomplishments, that to understand it one must examine the entire nation, not just the South, and all the classes, from Northern industrialists and workers to Southern freedpeople, planters, and poor whites, and that the overthrow of Reconstruction was a tragic defeat for democratic ideals, both within the United States and across the globe.
“A Story of Ordinary Human Beings”: The Sources of Du Bois’s Historical Imagination in Black Reconstruction
Authors: Holt Thomas C.
Published: July 2013

Black Reconstruction makes powerful arguments about the critical roles black Americans played in forcing emancipation during the Civil War and in the reconstruction of southern society afterward that resonate much more with recent scholarship on the era than with that of his 1930s contemporaries. Given that Du Bois’s argument goes so thoroughly against the grain of the scholarship of his day and yet lacks references to any alternative archival or other sources to support his startling insights, the author speculates that his earlier sociological and literary endeavors were the likely sources for these arguments, especially his fieldwork in Lowndes County, Alabama, and the novel, The Quest of the Silver Fleece, that was clearly influenced by that experience.
Black Reconstruction and Empire
Authors: Jung Moon-Ho
Published: July 2013

Although W. E. B. Du Bois’s Black Reconstruction has been recognized widely in recent decades as a seminal work in African American and US history, its radical critique of the US empire is rarely acknowledged. This essay explores the ways Du Bois carried out that wider critique.
Reading the 2011 Riots: England’s Urban Uprising—An Interview with Paul Lewis
Authors: Trott Ben
Published: July 2013

Shortly after the riots that swept across England following the Metropolitan Police’s shooting of Mark Duggan in August 2011, the British Guardian newspaper and researchers based at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) launched what continues to be the most significant empirically grounded effort to understand what had happened, how, and why. Over three months, sixty journalists and researchers interviewed hundreds of those who had participated in the riots; they collected and analyzed more than 1.3 million words of first-hand testimonies. Paul Lewis, the Guardian’s special projects editor, led the Reading the Riots project, along with Tim Newburn of the LSE. Lewis is interviewed here about their key findings and what they might reveal.
Brønsted Basicity of Solute Butylamine in an Aprotic Ionic Liquid Investigated by Potentiometric Titration
Authors: Fujii Kenta , Hashimoto Kei , Sakai Takamasa , Umebayashi Yasuhiro , Shibayama Mitsuhiro
Published: July 2013

The quantitative Brønsted basicity of butylamine (BuNH2) in the typical aprotic ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, [C2mIm+][TFSA−], is reported. Potentiometric titration was performed for BuNH2 in the aprotic IL to experimentally determine the acid dissociation constant (pKa) for butylammonium (BuNH3+). The pKa value was estimated to be 16.6(1), and it was found that the value is significantly larger than that in aqueous solution (pKa = 10.6).
The recent history of financial inclusion in Autazes
Authors: Birochi Rene , Peerally Jahan Ara , Pozzebon Marlei
Published: July 2013

Financial inclusion brought benefits and challenges to Autazes, a remote municipality in the Amazon. Could a more holistic, integrated view of both financial inclusion and the role of ICT (information and communication technology) bring a different result?DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv3n1c5 http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv3n1c5
Os ambientes de negócios e os desafios para a criação de uma marca própria: o caso da Vella (Notas de ensino)
Authors: Nascimento de Almeida Luciene , Antonio Garcia Rodrigo
Published: July 2013

DOI: 10.12660/gvcasosv3n1n4http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvcasosv3n1n4
Occurrence of Milnacipran-Associated Morbilliform Rash and Serotonin Toxicity
Authors: Huskey Amanda M , Thomas Cassandra C , Waddell James Aubrey
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE

To report the development of morbilliform rash and serotonin toxicity after the addition of milnacipran to a patient's medication therapy.

CASE SUMMARY

A 57-year-old white female presented to the emergency department because of a full-body morbilliform rash, which appeared 9 days after initiation of milnacipran 50 mg twice daily. In the emergency department the patient's vital signs were: heart rate 121 beats/min, blood pressure 180/100 mm Hg, and temperature 38.9 °C. The patient reported diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, restlessness, and increased muscle pain. Her history included recurrent breast cancer first diagnosed in 1999, hypertension, fibromyalgia, depression, osteopenia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, insomnia, and endometriosis. Her home medications included milnacipran, fluoxetine, alprazolam, zolpidem, zoledronic acid, anastrozole, doxepin, ranitidine, levocetirizine, doxazosin, tramadol, vitamin D, and ferrous gluconate. The patient's increased heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature, as well as restlessness, self-reported diarrhea and nausea, and self-reported increase in muscle pain, indicated serotonin toxicity. Milnacipran, fluoxetine, and tramadol were discontinued, while doxepin was continued. Treatment consisted of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, methylprednisolone, promethazine, and hydralazine 10 mg intravenously. The following morning all vital signs were within normal limits and the patient's diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, restlessness, and muscle pain resolved. She was discharged the following morning. The rash had resolved after day 2 of hospital discharge, which was the fourth day after discontinuation of milnacipran.

DISCUSSION

Given the patient's symptoms, the timing of symptom onset, the patient's history, and findings on physical examination, as well as use of the Naranjo probability scale, milnacipran was deemed the probable cause of the morbilliform reaction and serotonin toxicity. Only 1 case report of rash and 2 case reports of serotonin syndrome associated with milnacipran have been reported.

CONCLUSIONS

It is important to increase awareness of the possibility of developing morbilliform rash and serotonin toxicity with milnacipran therapy, as both conditions can be associated with poor outcomes if not detected early and treated appropriately.
Exergy Analysis of Oxidative Steam Reforming of Methanol for Hydrogen Producton: Modeling Study
Authors: Kumar Shashi , Katiyar Nisha , Kumar Surendra , Yadav Snigdha
Published: July 2013

Hydrogen production by oxidative steam reforming of methanol in a fixed bed catalytic reactor was modeled and simulated. The addition of O2 to feed reduced the temperature in the reformer. 99.86% conversion was obtained at 550 K and S/C molar ratio of unity in steam reforming while it is at 540 K in oxidative steam reforming. Although H2 and CO yields were decreased in oxidative steam reforming in comparison to steam reforming, the reductoin H2 yield was note significant whereas reduction in CO was appreciably high. The thermal and exergy efficiencies were favored by reforming temperature and S/C molar ratios. However, variation in S/C molar ratio showed negligibly small effect on efficiencies. The reforming temperature had a notable influence on the efficiencies. The exergy destruction was found to be lower at higher temperature and S/C molar ratio. Thus, oxidative steam reforming of methanol at 540 K and S/C molar ratio of unity utilizes sufficient amount of input energy in the form of useful work and thermodynamic irreversibilities in the reactor are quantitatively small.
The Dorset Dairy, the Pastoral, and Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles
Authors: Martell Jessica
Published: July 2013

Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles (1891) illustrates late-Victorian agricultural history in vivid detail, from the Durbeyfields’ forced migration to Tess’s itinerant work tending fowl, gleaning root crops, and dairying. Hardy summons a pastoral mode during Tess’s employment as a dairymaid in the lush Froom Valley, but its imagery is curiously grotesque. This essay argues that the aesthetic strangeness of Hardy’s pastoral exaggerates idyllic fecundity in order to critique the effects of industrial agriculture on the rural experience of modernity. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, decades of rural depression led to the dramatic restructuring of British agriculture. When they embraced an industrial logic of surplus production to supply growing urban demand, traditionally small-scale or mixed-use farms were more likely to survive the otherwise widespread deterioration of domestic food production. Especially in Hardy’s Dorset, dairying was one of the rare food industries that thrived in spite of economic hardship by shipping fresh milk along the railways to London. But the strangeness of nature at Talbothays Dairy, through Hardy’s figuration of this industry, suggests his preoccupation with consequences of prioritizing economic surplus over ecological renewal. His use of pastoralism contends that, as farms integrate the logic of the factory, a retreat into idyllic fantasy is increasingly untenable. Neither the natural world nor the figuration that draws from it can remain untroubled by the pressure to exceed its carrying capacity.
Mark Twain’s Mysterious Duplicate in Pudd’nhead Wilson
Authors: Hume Beverly A.
Published: July 2013

This essay examines the problematic role of Mark Twain’s much-discussed Tom Driscoll in Pudd’nhead Wilson (1894) and argues that Tom is an earlier and anti-realistic variation on the freakishly mocking Duplicates who appear in the author’s only published mysterious stranger manuscript, No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger (1916). Like the Duplicates and other of Twain’s later anti-realistic creatures, Tom seems designed primarily to torment, startle, mock, and mirror all those living in the hellish secular landscape of Dawson’s Landing. In this novel, the author both assaults and challenges his readers with an often farcical culture that tolerates and perpetuates cruel, abusive, and discriminatory cultural traditions through human ignorance, arrogance, complacency, unthinking conformity, and legal corruption.
Large Scale Full-Length cDNA Sequencing Reveals a Unique Genomic Landscape in a Lepidopteran Model Insect, Bombyx mori
Authors: Suetsugu Yoshitaka , Futahashi Ryo , Kanamori Hiroyuki , Kadono-Okuda Keiko , Sasanuma Shun-ichi , Narukawa Junko , Ajimura Masahiro , Jouraku Akiya , Namiki Nobukazu , Shimomura Michihiko , Sezutsu Hideki , Osanai-Futahashi Mizuko , Suzuki Masataka G , Daimon Takaaki , Shinoda Tetsuro , Taniai Kiyoko , Asaoka Kiyoshi , Niwa Ryusuke , Kawaoka Shinpei , Katsuma Susumu , Tamura Toshiki , Noda Hiroaki , Kasahara Masahiro , Sugano Sumio , Suzuki Yutaka , Fujiwara Haruhiko , Kataoka Hiroshi , Arunkumar Kallare P , Tomar Archana , Nagaraju Javaregowda , Goldsmith Marian R , Feng Qili , Xia Qingyou , Yamamoto Kimiko , Shimada Toru , Mita Kazuei
Published: July 2013

The establishment of a complete genomic sequence of silkworm, the model species of Lepidoptera, laid a foundation for its functional genomics. A more complete annotation of the genome will benefit functional and comparative studies and accelerate extensive industrial applications for this insect. To realize these goals, we embarked upon a large-scale full-length cDNA collection from 21 full-length cDNA libraries derived from 14 tissues of the domesticated silkworm and performed full sequencing by primer walking for 11,104 full-length cDNAs. The large average intron size was 1904 bp, resulting from a high accumulation of transposons. Using gene models predicted by GLEAN and published mRNAs, we identified 16,823 gene loci on the silkworm genome assembly. Orthology analysis of 153 species, including 11 insects, revealed that among three Lepidoptera including Monarch and Heliconius butterflies, the 403 largest silkworm-specific genes were composed mainly of protective immunity, hormone-related, and characteristic structural proteins. Analysis of testis-/ovary-specific genes revealed distinctive features of sexual dimorphism, including depletion of ovary-specific genes on the Z chromosome in contrast to an enrichment of testis-specific genes. More than 40% of genes expressed in specific tissues mapped in tissue-specific chromosomal clusters. The newly obtained FL-cDNA sequences enabled us to annotate the genome of this lepidopteran model insect more accurately, enhancing genomic and functional studies of Lepidoptera and comparative analyses with other insect orders, and yielding new insights into the evolution and organization of lepidopteran-specific genes.
Combinatorial Effects of Transposable Elements on Gene Expression and Phenotypic Robustness in Drosophila melanogaster Development
Authors: Clemmons Alexa W , Wasserman Steven A
Published: July 2013

Embryonic patterning displays remarkable consistency from individual to individual despite frequent environmental perturbations and diverse genetic contexts. Stochastic influences on the cellular environment may cause transcription rates to fluctuate, but these fluctuations rarely lead to developmental defects or disease. Here we characterize a set of recessive alleles of the Toll pathway component tube that destabilize embryonic dorsoventral patterning in Drosophila melanogaster. Females bearing these tube alleles generate embryos of an unusually wide range of dorsalized phenotypes, with the distributions across this range being unique for each allele. We determine that the mutant lines have in common a retrotransposon insertion upstream of the tube transcription start site. Genetic and molecular approaches demonstrate that this insertion dramatically reduces maternal expression of tube, thereby uncovering the inherent variability in gene expression. We further find that additional transposable element insertions near the tube gene synergistically enhance the phenotype caused by the sensitizing upstream insertion. These studies document how phenotypic variability can arise from normally occurring fluctuations around reduced mean expression and illustrate the contribution of transposons, individually and combinatorially, to such a state.
Fast Genomic Predictions via Bayesian G-BLUP and Multilocus Models of Threshold Traits Including Censored Gaussian Data
Authors: Kärkkäinen Hanni P , Sillanpää Mikko J
Published: July 2013

Because of the increased availability of genome-wide sets of molecular markers along with reduced cost of genotyping large samples of individuals, genomic estimated breeding values have become an essential resource in plant and animal breeding. Bayesian methods for breeding value estimation have proven to be accurate and efficient; however, the ever-increasing data sets are placing heavy demands on the parameter estimation algorithms. Although a commendable number of fast estimation algorithms are available for Bayesian models of continuous Gaussian traits, there is a shortage for corresponding models of discrete or censored phenotypes. In this work, we consider a threshold approach of binary, ordinal, and censored Gaussian observations for Bayesian multilocus association models and Bayesian genomic best linear unbiased prediction and present a high-speed generalized expectation maximization algorithm for parameter estimation under these models. We demonstrate our method with simulated and real data. Our example analyses suggest that the use of the extra information present in an ordered categorical or censored Gaussian data set, instead of dichotomizing the data into case-control observations, increases the accuracy of genomic breeding values predicted by Bayesian multilocus association models or by Bayesian genomic best linear unbiased prediction. Furthermore, the example analyses indicate that the correct threshold model is more accurate than the directly used Gaussian model with a censored Gaussian data, while with a binary or an ordinal data the superiority of the threshold model could not be confirmed.
Clinical Importance of Recipient Site Characteristics for Vertical Ridge Augmentation: A Systematic Review of Literature and Proposal of a Classification
Authors: Khojasteh Arash , Morad Golnaz , Behnia Hossein
Published: July 2013

This review evaluated the characteristics of vertical alveolar defects that were augmented via onlay bone grafting or guided bone regeneration. Information regarding the anatomic site, type of edentulism, and defects' dimensions were extracted. The experiments differed vastly in the description of the defects' features. Aiming to mitigate the confounding effect of recipient site's morphology in future experiments, a classification of vertically deficient recipient sites is proposed.
Allometric Models for Estimating Carbon Fixation in Citrus Trees
Authors: Quiñones Ana , Martínez‐Alcántara Belén , Font Antonio , Forner‐Giner M. Ángeles , Legaz Francisco , Primo‐Millo Eduardo , Iglesias Domingo José
Published: July 2013

Citrus fruits play an important part in the Spanish agricultural sector. These orchards could play an important role as a terrestrial C sink and contribute to C fixation. We proposed quantifying the net primary production in different‐aged citrus trees through the measurement of annual increases in the C content of the biomass of trees of different ages completely excavated. The measured net primary production in mature citrus was 27 kg C tree–1 (1143 g C m–2 yr–1; 11.4 Mg C ha–1 yr–1) with a similar behavior to that of different forests. Moreover, in this experiment, allometric equations for the estimation of annual net primary production in citrus orchards based on the relationship between net primary production and biometric variables were established. These equations could be a useful tool to calculate the potential C fixation in citrus areas. Canopy volume was the best variable for predicting above‐ and belowground biomass. Leaf area index and trunk diameter could also be selected as reliable and easily measurable variables to estimate net primary production in the whole tree.
A conceptual model of the multiple stages of communication necessary to support patient-centered care
Authors: Halley Meghan C , Rendle Katharine AS , Frosch Dominick L
Published: July 2013

Patient-centered care requires that both healthcare providers and patients have access to comparative effectiveness research (CER), which provides direct comparisons of the risks and benefits of available clinical options. However, insufficient attention has been paid to developing the comprehensive communication systems necessary to ensure that CER reaches patients and healthcare providers. In this review, we propose a model of the multiple stages of CER communication necessary for patient-centered care and review the existing research and gaps in knowledge relevant to each stage. These stages include: promotion of the underlying concepts and value of CER; translation of CER results; dissemination of CER results; and utilization of the results of CER in shared decision-making between patients and providers. A comprehensive approach to CER communication is necessary to ensure that the growing interest in and availability of CER is able to support a more patient-centered model of healthcare.
Diagnostic nuclear medicine in pediatric oncology-what we should know before scanning?
Authors: Vlajkovic Marina , Matovic Milovan
Published: July 2013

Cancer is second only to trauma as a cause of death in children, accounting
for approximately 10% of all childhood deaths. The application of
radioisotopes in the treatment of malignant diseases in children consists of
detecting and estimating the degree of tumour spread by application of
tumour-specific and non-specific radiopharmaceuticals, as well as the
treatment of some malignant diseases. Paramount to any successful nuclear
medicine examination is the establishment of acquisition protocols that allow
high quality images to be obtained while ALARA principles are followed.
Pediatric-specific issues should be anticipated and addressed in the planning
of the studies to maximize the utility of the technique in this challenging
group of patients, so the goal of this article is to summarize general
prerequisites for the application of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures
in pediatric oncology patients.
Perception of attachment security in families with children affected by neurological illness
Authors: Langher Viviana , Scurci Giuseppe , Tolve Giuseppe , Caputo Andrea
Published: July 2013

This study analyzes inter-family relationships of families with children with
neurological problems using Bowlby?s attachment theory as model of reference.
The research was conducted in two hospitals in Serbia specialized in
neurological diseases: cerebral palsy and epilepsy. It is hypothesized that
neurological problems could be associated to a discrepancy of inter-family
attachment perceptions. Two groups were selected, a clinical one composed of
25 nuclear families: mother, father and child with a certified diagnosis of
either cerebral palsy or epilepsy; and a control group of 25 nuclear
families: mother, father and child with no pathology. Kerns, Klepac and
Cole?s Security Scale (1996) was used for the investigation, with the
addition of two modified version for administration to the parents. Data
analysis demonstrated that the clinical group is substantively higher
(p=.076) with respect to the discrepancy of attachment perceived by the
children and the attribution of meaning that parents give to their child?s
attachment perception towards them. Further analyses carried out on
parent-child relationships demonstrated a significant difference (p =.017)
between the clinical and control groups, with respect to the perception of
father-child attachment. We conclude that in the clinical group, there is a
discrepancy of attachment perceptions that particularly affects the
father-child relationship. It appears that hospitalization and the consequent
separation of the nuclear families may influence the formation of secure
attachment relationships, in particular between father and child.
Mentalizing and its role as a mediator in the relationship between childhood experiences and adult functioning: Exploring the empirical evidence
Authors: Macintosh Heather
Published: July 2013

The introduction of the concept of mentalizing into psychoanalytic discourse
has provided researchers with an important tool for beginning to understand
the mechanisms mediating the relationships between childhood experiences and
later psychological functioning. Researchers have made strong statements
regarding the strength of this mediational relationship in their movement
toward the building of novel and efficacious intervention approaches. The
goal of this systematic review was to critically examine the empirical
evidence for these statements. Five unique studies were identified that
assessed the relationships between the variables of attachment and/or
childhood adversity, mentalizing and adult functioning. Some preliminary
evidence for the role of mentalizing as an important mediator variable was
identified. However, researchers were cautioned to continue to engage in
further empirical study to ensure that theoretical explorations do not
overstate or move too far beyond the empirical research findings.
Three-dimensional changes of the naso-maxillary complex following rapid maxillary expansion
Authors: Bouserhal Joseph , Bassil-Nassif Nayla , Tauk Alain , Will Leslie , Limme Michel
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To assess the volumetric changes and the maxillary response of the naso-maxillary complex (NMC) following rapid maxillary expansion (RME).

Materials and Methods:

Thirty consecutive patients (14 males and 16 females) with a mean age at first observation of 9.5 ± 1.8 years for males and of 11.8 ± 1.7 years for females, presenting a posterior unilateral or bilateral crossbite and requiring RME, were selected for the study. Each patient underwent expansion to correct the transverse occlusal relationships. Computed tomography scans were taken before RME (T1) and at the end of the active expansion phase (T2). Measurements were performed on scanned images. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed; the mean differences between measurements at T1 and T2 were compared using the t-test (α  =  .05).

Results:

All volumetric, maxillary, transverse skeletal anterior and posterior variables as well as all dental anterior and posterior linear and angular variables representing the NMC displayed statistically highly significant increases after RME (P < .001).

Conclusions:

After RME the total volume of the NMC increased by 12%, the nasal volume by 17%, and the maxillary volume by 10.6%. The maxillary and the nasal contributions represented 69.75% and 30.25%, respectively.
Human tooth movement by continuous high and low stresses
Authors: DeForest Whitney N. , Hentscher-Johnson Jodi K. , Liu Ying , Liu Hongzeng , Nickel Jeffrey C. , Iwasaki Laura R.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To compare three-dimensional tooth movements resulting from relatively higher and lower stresses in a split-mouth design.

Materials and Methods:

Eight volunteers whose maxillary first premolars were removed for orthodontic treatment participated. Each subject's maxillary canines were retracted by randomly assigned constant stresses of 78 kPa and 4 kPa via segmental mechanics. Dental casts depicting 8–10 visits per subject over 84 days and a three-axis microscope were used to measure movements serially. Descriptive statistics and mixed linear modeling were applied for data analyses (α  =  .05).

Results:

Teeth moved by 78 kPa had significantly faster (P  =  .0005) distal movement (0.066 ± 0.020 mm/day) compared to teeth moved by 4 kPa (0.031 ± 0.012 mm/day). Lateral movement and distopalatal rotation were also significantly faster (fourfold and 10-fold, respectively) with higher than with lower stress (P < .0001). Average extrusion-intrusion, crown torque, and tip were small (≤ |0.25| mm, |2.29|°, and |1.98|°, respectively), fluctuated, and not significantly different between high and low stresses. No lag phase of tooth movement was evident.

Conclusions:

Maxillary canines were retracted faster by 78 kPa than by 4 kPa. Controlled translation was possible with 4 kPa, but 78 kPa outstripped appliance constraints, causing distopalatal rotation.
Alternative Preisbildungsmodelle – eine realitätsnahe Option?
Authors: Hartebrodt Christoph , Stenzel Falko
Published: July 2013

Alternative pricing models – a realistic option?

The use of alternative pricing models as a means to automatize or at least facilitate the pricing of timber and thereby also reduce the volatility of timber prices has been under consideration for the past several years. The possibilities and limitations of such alternative pricing models are examined in this article using a retrospective comparative analysis. Overall, the results of six pricing models (these are: annual contract, quarterly contract, attenuation of the rate of change, mixed pricing, regression analysis derived price escalation clause, and self-fulfilling contract) are compared with the development of real timber prices between 2000 and 2010 of the state forest enterprise of Baden-Württemberg (Germany) and analyzed using a set of performance measures. It turns out that there is a conflict of objectives between determining the exact figure of the market price by alternative pricing models and reducing the volatility of timber prices. Thus, quarterly contracts show the market price well, though display no relevant volatility reduction effect; conversely, contracts with a defined attenuation rate lead to a substantial reduction of volatility but also to maximizing deviations from the market price. It is also questionable in how far price escalation clauses, that is, models which were calibrated from regression analysis on the basis of historical data, are able to predict the future development of market prices. At the moment, alternative pricing models can therefore hardly replace the real market-negotiated timber price. They can though support pricing negotiations between buyers and sellers, but primarily in time periods not characterized by a pronounced dynamic.
Registration of NC05AZ21 Okra‐Leaf and NC05‐11 Normal‐Leaf Upland Cotton Germplasms
Authors: Kuraparthy Vasu , Bowman Daryl T. , Jones Don C.
Published: July 2013

NC05AZ21 (Reg. No. GP‐966, PI 667659) is an okra‐leaf line and NC05‐11 (Reg. No., GP‐965, PI 667658) is a normal‐leaf line of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). NC05AZ21 was developed from a cross of NC 72 and an unknown okra leaf, red stem line from Louisiana while NC05‐11 was developed from a cross of NC 72 and Fiber Max 989 (FM 989). NC 72 is a normal and smooth leaf line. FM 989 is a commercial, normal‐leaf cultivar. A pedigree breeding method was followed in developing these lines. Both lines were compared with two commercial cultivars across multiple environments for agronomic traits. Line NC05AZ21 was also compared with a commercial okra‐leaf cultivar FM 832 for agronomic performance. NC05AZ21 showed superior lint yield and lint percentage to and comparable fiber length as FM 832. It had a lower lint yield but longer fibers than Deltapine 455BG/RR (DP 455BG/RR) and Stoneville 5327B2RF (ST 5327B2RF) and comparable fiber strength. It has good resistance to Fusarium wilt [caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlet.f.sp. vasinfectum (Atk.) Snyd. &Hans.] as well. It could be a good source of earliness and Fusarium wilt resistance and perhaps tolerance to boll rot (caused by numerous organisms)—the latter because of its okra‐leaf shape. NC05‐11 had comparable lint yields as DP 451BG/RR and DP 455BG/RR with superior fiber length and strength. It also had good resistance to Fusarium wilt. Both NC05AZ21 and NC05‐11 could prove to be valuable sources of additional genetic variability for cotton breeding programs having an emphasis on improving Fusarium wilt resistance and fiber quality.
Root Characteristics of Perennial Warm-Season Grasslands Managed for Grazing and Biomass Production
Authors: Bonin Catherine , Flores Joao , Lal Rattan , Tracy Benjamin
Published: July 2013

Minirhizotrons were used to study root growth characteristics in recently established fields dominated by perennial C4-grasses that were managed either for cattle grazing or biomass production for bioenergy in Virginia, USA. Measurements over a 13-month period showed that grazing resulted in smaller total root volumes and root diameters. Under biomass management, root volume was 40% higher (49 vs. 35 mm3) and diameters were 20% larger (0.29 vs. 0.24 mm) compared to grazing. While total root length did not differ between grazed and biomass treatments, root distribution was shallower under grazed areas, with 50% of total root length in the top 7 cm of soil, compared to 41% in ungrazed exclosures. These changes (i.e., longer roots and greater root volume in the top 10 cm of soil under grazing but the reverse at 17–28 cm soil depths) were likely caused by a shift in plant species composition as grazing reduced C4 grass biomass and allowed invasion of annual unsown species. The data suggest that management of perennial C4 grasslands for either grazing or biomass production can affect root growth in different ways and this, in turn, may have implications for the subsequent carbon sequestration potential of these grasslands.
Animal Abuse: Helping Animals and People. By Catherine Tiplady. CABI: Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK, 2013; Hardback, 250 pp; £65.00; ISBN-10: 1845939832
Authors: Gullone Eleonora
Published: July 2013

This six part book is edited by Catherine Tipaldy from the Centre of Animal Welfare and Ethics at the University of Queensland, Australia. She has also authored most of the chapters and co-authored others. Other contributors include highly respected authorities such as Phil Arkow (the coordinator of the National Link Coalition) and Michael Byrne, QC (Barrister-at-law, Queensland Bar).
Isotopic Labeling Study of the Formation of Calix[5]pyrroles Catalyzed by Bi(NO3)3
Authors: Chacón-García Luis , Contreras-Celedón Claudia , Tapia-Juárez Melissa
Published: July 2013

One of the more elusive classes of macrocycles includes the calix[5]pyrroles, which can be obtained from pyrrole and acetone in the presence of low concentrations of Bi(NO3)3-5H2O. An isotopic labeling experiment aided the proposal of a mechanism to explain the formation of calix[5]pyrrole at low acid concentrations and the exclusive formation of calix[4]pyrrole at high acid concentrations. We assume that the mechanism involves HNO3, which is released from the Bi salt.
Seasonal Differences in the Day-of-the-Week Pattern of Suicide in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Law Chi-kin , De Leo Diego
Published: July 2013

Various temporal patterns of suicide events, according to time of day, day of week, month and season, have been identified. However, whether different dimensions of time interact has not been investigated. Using suicide data from Queensland, Australia, this study aims to verify if there is an interaction effect between seasonal and day-of-the-week distribution. Computerized suicide data from the Queensland Suicide Register for those aged 15+ years were analyzed according to date of death, age, sex and geographic location for the period 1996–2007. To examine seasonal differences in day-of-the-week pattern of suicide, Poisson regressions were used. A total of 6,555 suicides were recorded over the whole study period. Regardless of the season, male residents of Brisbane had a significantly marked day-of-the-week pattern of suicide, with higher rates between Mondays and Thursdays. When seasonal differences were considered, male residents in Brisbane showed a Monday peak in summer and a wave-shape pattern with a peak on Thursday and a nadir on Saturdays in winter. Whilst males have distinctive peaks in terms of days of the week for summer and winter, females do not show similar patterns.
Presence of proNGF-Sortilin Signaling Complex in Nigral Dopamine Neurons and Its Variation in Relation to Aging, Lactacystin and 6-OHDA Insults
Authors: Xia Yi , Chen Bei-Yu , Sun Xiao-Long , Duan Li , Gao Guo-Dong , Wang Jing-Jie , Yung Ken , Chen Liang-Wei
Published: July 2013

Growing evidence has shown that proNGF-p75NTR-sortilin signaling might be a crucial factor in neurodegeneration, but it remains unclear if it may function in nigral neurons under aging and disease. The purpose of this study is to examine and quantify proNGF and sortilin expression in the substantia nigra and dynamic changes of aging in lactacystin and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat models of Parkinson’s disease using immunofluorescence, electronic microscopy, western blot and FLIVO staining methods. The expression of proNGF and sortilin was abundantly and selectively identified in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-containing dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. These proNGF/TH, sortilin/TH-positive neurons were densely distributed in the ventral tier, while they were less distributed in the dorsal tier, where calbindin-D28K-containing neurons were numerously located. A correlated decrease of proNGF, sortilin and TH was also detected during animal aging process. While increase of proNGF, sortilin and cleaved (active) caspase-3 expression was found in the lactacystin model, dynamic proNGF and sortilin changes along with dopamine neuronal loss were demonstrated in the substantia nigra of both the lactacystin and 6-OHDA models. This study has thus revealed the presence of the proNGF-sortilin signaling complex in nigral dopamine neurons and its response to aging, lactacystin and 6-OHDA insults, suggesting that it might contribute to neuronal apoptosis or neurodegeneration during pathogenesis and disease progression of Parkinson’s disease; the underlying mechanism and key signaling pathways involved warrant further investigation.
Prospects of Source-Separation-Based Sanitation Concepts: A Model-Based Study
Authors: Tervahauta Taina , Hoang Trang , Hernández Lucía , Zeeman Grietje , Buisman Cees
Published: July 2013

Separation of different domestic wastewater streams and targeted on-site treatment for resource recovery has been recognized as one of the most promising sanitation concepts to re-establish the balance in carbon, nutrient and water cycles. In this study a model was developed based on literature data to compare energy and water balance, nutrient recovery, chemical use, effluent quality and land area requirement in four different sanitation concepts: (1) centralized; (2) centralized with source-separation of urine; (3) source-separation of black water, kitchen refuse and grey water; and (4) source-separation of urine, feces, kitchen refuse and grey water. The highest primary energy consumption of 914 MJ/capita(cap)/year was attained within the centralized sanitation concept, and the lowest primary energy consumption of 437 MJ/cap/year was attained within source-separation of urine, feces, kitchen refuse and grey water. Grey water bio-flocculation and subsequent grey water sludge co-digestion decreased the primary energy consumption, but was not energetically favorable to couple with grey water effluent reuse. Source-separation of urine improved the energy balance, nutrient recovery and effluent quality, but required larger land area and higher chemical use in the centralized concept.
INTERNATIONALISATION, CULTURAL DISTANCE AND COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS: A BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF SMES FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Majocchi Antonio , Valle Luciana Dalla , D’angelo Alfredo
Published: July 2013

Relying on the accounting data of a panel of 403 Italian manufacturing SMEs collected over a period of 5 years, we find results suggesting that multinationality per se does not impact on the economic performance of international small and medium sized firms. It is the characteristics of the country selected, i.e. the political hazard, the financial stability and the economic performance, that significantly influence SMEs financial performance. The management implication for small and medium sized firms selecting and entering new geographic markets is significant, since our results show that for SMEs it is the market selection process that really matters and not the degree of multinationality.
THE MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF CORPORATE STRATEGIC CHANGES IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE: PLYWOOD MANUFACTURE
Authors: Tamošiūnas Andrius
Published: July 2013

The paper presents the model for evaluation of corporate management measures aimed at solving tasks related to climate change challenges (UN 1998; EP 2009; EC 2013) faced by enterprises and inevitably leading to corporate strategic changes. In a detailed yet concise manner, the paper analyses the model for evaluation of corporate strategic changes and specifies techniques for its application focusing on the following proposed criteria: the market share; financial capacity; business development potential; product competitiveness; and productivity. The paper reveals the benefit of the use of the proposed model for corporate strategic changes. Greater possibilities are created to rationalise the process of corporate strategic changes and the use as well as development of human, material and financial potentials, which lead to greater competitiveness of an enterprise. The model guides to directions and actions to be taken in order to continue increasing effectiveness of an enterprise in the context of climate change objectives. The evaluation model suggested by the author is also analysed according to flexibility of proposed techniques, the characteristics of which can be modified and adjusted depending on specifics of the changing business environment. This allows ensuring and promoting competitiveness of an enterprise while pursuing the climate change challenges (UN 1998; EP 2009; EC 2013) set for businesses.
Tragedia, comedia y diálogo socrático: el Banquete entre los géneros teatrales, Sócrates entre la belleza y la fealdad, ἔρως entre lo elevado y lo bajo
Authors: Racket Andrés Federico
Published: July 2013

Diversas lecturas de algunos de los discursos del Banquete de Platón proponen que se trabaja en ellos con una mezcla entre lo trágico y lo cómico. Este artículo aúna esos resultados y suma elementos de análisis para construir una interpretación del diálogo que los integre en un todo y los ponga en relación con otros aspectos de la filosofía platónica. Sostenemos que en los discursos de Aristófanes, Agatón, Sócrates-Diotima y Alcibíades, y en el Banquete como totalidad, Platón opone distintas mezclas entre lo trágico y lo cómico a través de las cuales construye una postura sobre los géneros tradicionales. Desde esa perspectiva el diálogo socrático-platónico es el verdadero género μεταξύ, en una compleja analogía con la figura de Sócrates, por una parte, y la noción platónica de ἒρωϛ, por otra.
যন্ত্র-না (Jantra-Na Not-Machine) Can Only Feel যন্ত্রনা (Jantrana Pain)!
Authors: Das Amitava , Gambäck Björn
Published: July 2013

Arguably, the most important difference between machines and humans is that humans have feelings. For several decades researchers have been trying to create methods to simulate sentimentality for machines, and currently Sentiment Analysis is the hottest, most demanding, and rapidly growing task in the language processing field. Sentiment analysis or opinion mining refers to the application of Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and text analytics to identify and extract sentimental (opinionated, emotional) information in a text. The basic task in sentiment analysis is to classify the polarity of a given text at the document, sentence, or feature/aspect level, that is, to decide whether the expressed sentiment in a document, a sentence, or a feature/aspect is positive (happy), negative (sad), neutral (memorable), and so forth. In this chapter, the authors discuss various challenges and solution strategies for Sentiment Analysis with a particular view to texts in Bangla (Bengali).
Educational Foundations Supporting IT in Higher Education
Authors: Tennyson Robert D.
Published: July 2013

Technology has always been welcomed in higher education as a means to improve student learning. However, technology application in higher education is usually driven by the technology fad itself without support from educational foundations in learning. This chapter argues that successful employment of IT in higher education requires a careful consideration of basic foundations in learning philosophy and learning. These foundations provide both the theoretical and empirical support to sustain technology as an integral component of technology in higher education learning. In addition to the historical and contemporary comments on educational foundations, examples are provided to assist the reader in implementing the suggestion to strengthen learning by the promise of technology to improve learning in higher education.
Improving Managerial Training Services in Project-Oriented Organizations with an Ontology-Alignment-Based Recommendation Mechanism
Authors: Bodea Constanta-Nicoleta , Dascalu Maria-Iuliana , Ordoñez de Pablos Patricia
Published: July 2013

This chapter proposes a recommendation mechanism to enhance the managerial training in Project-Oriented Organizations (POOs). The mechanism is presented within the framework of an innovative system used to provide support to POOs during the acquisition and implementation of training services. The recommender engine has, as inputs, the knowledge gaps of the employees given by an assessment system and the alignment in RDF/XML format between two ontological representations: one for the management documents provided by POOs and one for the training curriculum offered to the POOs. The recommender engine makes suggestions for adapting the training curriculum to the POOs’ needs, by translating the ontology alignment result into a user-friendly form and by identifying Web resources suitable to fill up the knowledge gaps. The outputs are smart recommendations meant to personalize the training curriculum to POOs and, thus, to increase the competitiveness of POOs.
21st Century Higher Education Trends in Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: July 2013

Education is all pervasive. It is rightly said that “to educate is to enlighten,” and the only way for developing either the self or the nation is through education. This is well understood in most of the developed countries, but due to globalization, the world over this realization is dawning. Sultanate of Oman is one of the most developed countries in the Middle East. Blessed with a visionary leader, the younger generation of the nation is set to achieve its full potential. Higher Education is definitely a means to achieve that end. It is one of the strategic areas pursued with intent and motive. This chapter traces the history of higher education in Oman, identifies the 21st century higher education trends, and reviews the best practices, which can be adopted for evolving a comprehensive and holistic higher education.
More than Changing Classrooms
Authors: Robertson Lorayne , Hardman Wendy
Published: July 2013

The transition from the lecture hall to the online teaching environment requires more than a change of venue – it requires role changes as well as a shift in focus from delivering content toward designing a learning environment where students can build skills for learning and collaboration. The research described in this chapter employs a case-study method to capture the perceptions of a small cohort of university professors participating in a synchronous e-training program to prepare them for synchronous e-teaching. Participating professors possessed a range of diverse prior experiences with teaching and e-teaching, creating unique training challenges. Data include the video-recorded training sessions as well as focus group and individual interviews held one year post-training. The findings indicate that, although the intended training focus was not the primary outcome realized, this study provides some insights into planning and delivering e-training for similar transitions to synchronous online teaching for tertiary instructors.
Research and Practices on Teaching Mode of Engineering Courses Driven by Software Platform
Authors: Yang Yiping , Qiu Yue , Zhang Xi
Published: July 2013

This chapter introduces a model of “Problem refining + Paper presented + Project application + Software development + Patent declaration” on the basis of teaching practice and scientific research for many years. This is a mode of researching and practicing on engineering courses based on cloud computing. The main goal is to help students to understand and grasp the core technology of engineering courses. The employment situation of engineering graduates is very serious, while enterprise is lack of engineering employees that can be used. The reason lies in talent training problems. And this model can help us improve the teaching quality. In order to get the market recognition, meet the demands of the development of future work, and obtain competitive ability of quality control, the mode should be modeled and systematic.