bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting women's sexual life after oncological treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Kamińska Barbara , Białczyk Aleksandra , Kunicka Aleksandra
Published: March 2023

Introduction and purpose: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among Polish women. However, with the development of medicine, new methods of treating and detecting breast cancer are accessible. In consequence, there is a significant decrease in mortality and an increase in the number of detected cases. Therefore, the needs and difficulties faced by women with breast cancer, including those related to their sexuality, require a different approach. This paper aims to present the impact of breast cancer treatment on women's sexuality based on a review of the available literature.

Description of the state of knowledge: There are many methods of treating breast cancer, but mastectomy, one of the most radical therapies, is performed in almost half of the patients. There is a high percentage of psychological complications associated with this procedure, among others, since female breasts are perceived as attributes of femininity. Women diagnosed with breast cancer face concerns about self-esteem and body image. Breast cancer has a notable impact on sexuality, and cancer diagnosis and oncological cancer treatment are associated with several physical and psychosocial uncertainties. The lack of a native breast can cause a sense of imperfection, shame, and fear of rejection by the partner. 

Summary: Health professionals should concentrate on the sexual health of women with breast cancer because it is frequently overlooked and assigned less priority. The return of sexual satisfaction and acceptance of the new body appearance should be a component of successful breast cancer treatment.
The effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy compared to the traditional method in the treatment of diabetic foot
Authors: Bogucka Julia , Brzyska Anna , Bojarska Małgorzata , Burda Bartosz
Published: March 2023

Introduction and objective: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world. Diabetic foot ulcers, which are often the result of the disease, are undoubtedly a nursing challenge. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a new therapeutic method supporting wound healing, which has been useful in patients with diabetic foot. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of negative pressure therapy in comparison to the standard method in the treatment of diabetic foot.
Review methods: In February 2023, articles found in the Medline (Pubmed) and Google Scholar databases were selected by using the following keywords: negative pressure wound therapy; VAC therapy; traditional dressing; standard moist wound care; diabetic foot.
Brief description of the state of knowledge: NPWT has been proven to be associated with reduced healing time and faster appearance of granulation tissue, which is a sign of wound healing. Patients using this method require fewer dressing changes and surgical cleanings. Negative pressure therapy reduces the time to rehospitalisation and  the risk of amputation or resection of the diabetic foot.
Summary: Negative pressure wound therapy is more effective in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers than traditional therapy. Despite the costs associated with NPWT being higher, the method proves to be more profitable. It is important to remember about good therapy technique and proper selection of patients.
The quantity, quality, and daily distribution of protein supplementation in maximizing muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance training
Authors: Pawlina Mateusz , Ziętara Karolina , Orzechowska Aleksandra , Oskroba Aleksander , Pawełczak Natalia , Raksa Karolina , Zielonka Bartłomiej , Kowalczyk Ilona , Pawłowski Piotr , Stawikowski Cezary
Published: March 2023

Introduction and purpose: Resistance training (RT) combined with sufficient protein intake (PI) stimulates muscle hypertrophy. There are many factors determining the influence of PI on muscle hypertrophy. The aim of the study is to analyze the current state of knowledge on protein supplementation in the context of optimizing the effects of RT-induced muscles hypertrophy.
Description of the state of knowledge: The quality of protein supplements is a factor that has a significant impact on the degree to which they increase MPS. Protein meals containing all EAAs will stimulate MPS most potently. The most important factor determining the effectiveness of protein supplementation is the amount of protein intake per day in relation to body weight. PI in amounts greater than ~1.6 g/kg b.w./day does not further increase the rate of  fat free mass gains induced by RE. Supplementing more protein at breakfast than at dinner is more effective in increasing muscle mass gain in response to RT.
Summary: The quantity, quality and source of protien supplements, that are daily administered, are important factors contributing to the efectiveness of the supplementation. Distributing the doses of protein supplement throughout the day and consuming greater amount of protein for breakfast rather than dinner may also be beneficial in terms of augmenting muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Optimizing these conditions is conducive to achieving a positive net protein balance, which result in improving RT-induced muscle mass gain.
Awareness of pregnant women about proper nutrition habits and rational diet
Authors: Mandryk Izabela , Węgrzyn Izabella
Published: March 2023

IntroductionProper nutrition of a woman before conception and during pregnancy determines the proper course of pregnancy, fetal development and the health of the mother and child in the future. A properly balanced diet must cover the increased demand for energy and provide the right amount and quality of nutrients.

AimThe aim of the study was to verification the nutritional knowledge of pregnant womendepending on age, place of residence and number of pregnancies.

ResultsThe survey involved 66 women between 19 and 40 years old (average age 30.50±4.30 years). 40.9% of the women were under 30 (N=27), and 59.1% of the respondents were 30 or older (N=39). 54.5% of women lived in cities (N=36), and 45.5% of the respondents lived in rural areas (N=30). Women who were pregnant for the first time accounted for 48.5% of the respondents (N=32). According to their own opinion, the majority of women (62.1%) stated that their knowledge of nutrition during pregnancy was good, and 28.8% assessed their knowledge as very good. The change in diet after pregnancy was confirmed by 81.8% of the surveyed women, in particular the changes concerned eating more vegetables and fruits (79.6%), avoiding highly processed products (61.1%) and avoiding sweets (50.0%). Most of the respondents (97.0%) indicated that they had eliminated products from their diet, i.e. alcohol (100.0%), Fast Food (57.8%) or sushi (60.9%). Snacks were eaten by 92.4% of the respondents, most often fruits (83.6%) and vegetables (63.9%).

ConclusionNutritional awareness of pregnant women is at a good level. Appropriate changes in their diet are declared by the majority of the surveyed women. It would be advisable to educate women planning pregnancy and pregnant women about the specific effects of essential nutrients and the risk of their deficiencies.
Rationalized Timetabling Using a Simulation Tool: A Paradigm Shift in Indian Railways
Authors: Anoop K. P. , Reddy A. Madhukumar , Bhatia Mandeep Singh , Jain Amit Kumar , Gopalakrishnan R. , Salekin Merajus , Singh Samay Pritam , Satwik R. V. , Pulapadi Sudarshan , Bobade Chandrashekhar , Kumar I. Sidhartha , Gopalakrishnan Shivasubramanian , Appaiah Kumar , Rangaraj Narayan , Belur Madhu N.
Published: March 2023

During the year 2020, Indian Railways undertook an extensive timetabling exercise for its entire network. The timetable for its six principal routes known as the golden quadrilateral + diagonals (GQD) was generated using a rail traffic simulation tool. The simulation tool and the methodology had to be customized to handle the complex technical requirements of the GQD network, which spans more than 9,000 km. Challenges related to using and integrating data into the simulator also had to be addressed. This was the first time that a simulation software tool of this kind was used for timetabling in Indian Railways, and hence, there were uncertainties regarding the timely delivery, which gave rise to additional challenges to the overall effort. This paper focuses on these challenges and the managerial and human aspects of this massive timetabling exercise. It also explains how this project leverages the benefits of combining top-down and bottom-up approaches in timetabling and how it sets a new paradigm for network-wide timetabling in Indian Railways.

History: This paper was refereed.

Funding: This work was supported financially through the Indian Railways–sponsored project titled “Implementing Zero Based Timetabling for Major IR Routes by IIT Bombay through Simulation Model of Mixed Rail Traffic” [Grant RD/0120-WRAIL00-002].
The self-aware manager 1
Authors: Ellis Peter , Abbott Jane
Published: March 2023

Peter Ellis and Jane Abbott explore what it means to be self-aware and how kidney care leaders can implement self-awareness in their teams
Research roundup
Authors: Welyczko Nikki
Published: March 2023

In this section, Nikki Welyczko presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles that may be of interest to nurses working in the renal setting. The aim of this roundup is to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Dynamic adjustable metalens based on a stretchable substrate with a double-layer metal microstructure
Authors: Li Xiangjun , Zhao Yang , Yan Dexian , Hou Xiaomei , Yang Ji , Liu Huadong
Published: March 2023

Based on the impedance-matching theory, a double-layer metal structure
dynamical focusing cylindrical metalens with a stretchable substrate
was designed at the operation frequency of 0.1 THz. The
diameter, initial focal length, and NA of the metalens were
80 mm, 40 mm, and 0.7, respectively. The transmission
phase of the unit cell structures could cover 0−2π by changing the size of the metal
bars, and then the different unit cells were spatially arranged as the
designed phase profile for the metalens. When the stretching range of
the substrate was about 100%–140%, the focal length changed from
39.3 mm to 85.5 mm, the dynamic focusing range was about
117.6% of the minimum focal length, and the focusing efficiency
decreases from 49.2% to 27.9%. Then, by rearranging the unit cell
structures, a dynamically adjustable bifocal metalens was numerically
realized. Using the same stretching ratio, compared to a single focus
metalens, the bifocal metalens can provide a larger focal length
control range.
Volumetric light sheet imaging with adaptive optics correction
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Bingxi , Green John , Duffy Carly , Song Ming , Lauderdale James D. , Kner Peter
Published: March 2023

Light sheet microscopy has developed quickly over the past decades and become a popular method for imaging live model organisms and other thick biological tissues. For rapid volumetric imaging, an electrically tunable lens can be used to rapidly change the imaging plane in the sample. For larger fields of view and higher NA objectives, the electrically tunable lens introduces aberrations in the system, particularly away from the nominal focus and off-axis. Here, we describe a system that employs an electrically tunable lens and adaptive optics to image over a volume of 499 × 499 × 192 μm3 with close to diffraction-limited resolution. Compared to the system without adaptive optics, the performance shows an increase in signal to background ratio by a factor of 3.5. While the system currently requires 7s/volume, it should be straightforward to increase the imaging speed to under 1s per volume.
Adaptive optics for optical microscopy [Invited]
Authors: Zhang Qinrong , Hu Qi , Berlage Caroline , Kner Peter , Judkewitz Benjamin , Booth Martin , Ji Na
Published: March 2023

Optical microscopy is widely used to visualize fine structures. When applied to bioimaging, its performance is often degraded by sample-induced aberrations. In recent years, adaptive optics (AO), originally developed to correct for atmosphere-associated aberrations, has been applied to a wide range of microscopy modalities, enabling high- or super-resolution imaging of biological structure and function in complex tissues. Here, we review classic and recently developed AO techniques and their applications in optical microscopy.
Dimensioning networks of ROADM cluster nodes
Authors: Mehrvar Hamid , Li Shiqiang , Bernier Eric
Published: March 2023

Next-generation optical networks require high-degree, high-capacity reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) nodes and intelligent network planning schemes. We propose a cluster ROADM node design and a network dimensioning method that optimizes the resource utilization of optical networks with cluster nodes. The proposed ROADM cluster node offers a flexible add-drop rate, scaling to 100s of degrees, and a cost per degree similar to today’s ROADM. It disaggregates the cluster’s line and add-drop functions into different chassis. The low-cost node architecture is complemented by an order-based connection management algorithm that achieves better than 10−4 blocking despite being equipped with less than 30% dilation in the cluster design. For an optical network with ROADM cluster nodes, we propose a network dimensioning scheme that proactively uses network knowledge to determine the optimum degree for ROADM nodes as demand increases. The results show a much-improved blocking rate, particularly at medium to high loading and an average of 3.1% increased utilization on each network’s fiber compared with reactive schemes.
Time-aware deterministic bandwidth allocation scheme in TDM-PON for time-sensitive industrial flows
Authors: Su Chen , Zhang Jiawei , Ji Yuefeng
Published: March 2023

A programmable logic controller deployed in the cloud or edge cloud (cloud PLC) contributes to flexible and scalable industrial manufacturing processes. For the industrial Internet, a time-division multiplexing passive optical network is a promising access technology for connecting cloud PLC and industrial devices. Time-sensitive (TS) industrial applications such as motion control and mobile robotics impose strict delay and jitter requirements, pursuing deterministic transmission capability, that is, guaranteeing that the upper bounds on delay and jitter of the TS industrial flow meet its requirements. However, traditional bandwidth allocation schemes aim to leverage statistical multiplexing to improve bandwidth resource utilization efficiency, so it guarantees only the “average delay/jitter” of the service and cannot meet the deterministic requirements of the TS industrial flow. This paper presents a time-aware deterministic bandwidth allocation (TA-DetBA) scheme to satisfy the deterministic transmission of TS industrial flows. To this purpose, first, we constrain the position of the transmission window (i.e., bandwidth) allocated by optical line termination to the optical network unit according to the arrival characteristics (i.e., flow arrival time and flow cycle) and requirements (i.e., delay and jitter) of the flow. Subsequently, we propose an integer linear programming scheduling model and a greedy-based time slot equalization heuristic scheduling algorithm to improve schedulability and reduce the average delay of best-effort flows. Simulation results show that our proposed TA-DetBA scheme guarantees the deterministic delay and jitter of TS industrial flow. Compared with the fixed bandwidth allocation (FBA) scheme, the average resource utilization efficiency of the TA-DetBA scheme is improved by up to 20.6% higher than FBA.
Towards 6G: fast and self-adaptive dynamic bandwidth allocation for next-generation mobile fronthaul [Invited]
Authors: Wong Elaine , Ruan Lihua
Published: March 2023

6G networks will deliver dynamic and immersive applications that bridge the real and digital worlds. The next-generation passive optical access network is a potential optical transport solution for the fronthaul of open radio access networks. With this solution, uplink bandwidth is shared, and uplink latency performance is thus highly dependent on how bandwidth is allocated. Compounding this issue is that future mobile fronthaul (MFH) is expected to support a range of applications that could vary in terms of traffic patterns, bit rates, etc. In view of dynamic network conditions, we present in this paper a machine learning driven dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme that rapidly learns to optimize bandwidth allocation decisions to satisfy uplink latency requirements. The principle of operation of the scheme detailing the reinforcement and transfer learning framework is first described. Performance evaluation results implemented on a target empirical network are then presented. Results show that self-adaptive bandwidth decisions can be rapidly achieved in response to different traffic patterns, network loads, and line rates, consolidating the potential of the dynamic allocation scheme in supporting diverse applications in future MFH networks.
Impact of He+N2 concentration on self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration driven by pulses of a few TW
Authors: Maldonado Edison Puig , Samad Ricardo Elgul , Zuffi Armando Valter Felicio , dos Santos Jhonatha Ricardo , Dias Vieira Nilson
Published: March 2023

Laser wakefield electron acceleration with ionization injection has rarely been studied in the low-power, self-modulated case. We performed simulations of such regimes using a mixture of He and N2 gases and driven by laser pulses with peak powers around 1 TW. Analyses show the generation of electron bunches with an average energy of up to 70 MeV, an energy spread as low as 18%, and an emittance as good as a fraction of a mm mrad. The obtained electron beam parameters lead to several trade-offs as a function of N2 concentration, allowing for many different designs.
Tight-focusing properties of propagable fractional-order vector vortex beams
Authors: Miao Yu , Wang Lingyu , Zhang Qian , Sun Xiaojie , Gao Xiumin , Wan Jian , Zhuang Songlin
Published: March 2023

We investigate the tight-focusing properties of propagable fractional-order vector vortex beams (VVBs). The superposition of the phase singularity from optical vortices (OVs) and polarization singularity from VVBs plays a significant role in creating propagable fractional-order VVBs. Applying this unique characteristic, we derive an integrated analytical model to calculate the tight-focused electromagnetic fields and Poynting vector distributions based on the Richards–Wolf vector diffraction integral. The results show that the tight-focusing intensity of fractional-order VVBs exhibits uniaxial symmetric distribution, in which an odd number of petals with non-uniform amplitude occurs as the beams pass through the polarizer. In contrast to classical integer-order OVs with homogeneously polarized states, propagable fractional-order VVBs show semi-circular patterns with different directions after the polarizer, owing to their intriguing polarization distributions. Besides, to deeply understand the focusing characteristics of the calculated fractional-order VVBs, the influence of different-order carrier VVBs and OVs is studied in detail. These results might provide a valuable reference for particle manipulation and optical trapping.
Raman based on-chip photonic quantizers for ADCs
Authors: Pradhan Akash Kumar , Sen Mrinal , Datta Tanmoy
Published: March 2023

In this work, a model for an on-chip all-photonic analog to digital converter is proposed. Here, the underlying quantization technique is based on slicing the supercontinuum generated inside the highly nonlinear nanocrystal embedded slotted photonic crystal waveguide at specifically chosen wavelengths. It is shown that although both the broadening and splitting of the spectrum can be used for four level quantization, only broadening can be used for designing eight (or more) level quantization. The highly nonlinear device system makes the eight level quantization scheme incremental within a footprint of 50×20µm2, which can convert 0–11 mW analog optical power to respective quantization levels. Although both Kerr and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) contribute to the generation of the supercontinuum, the giant SRS gain of the silicon nanocrystal essentially outweighs that of the Kerr, with, consequently, unprecedented miniaturization in both operating power and footprint.
Foveated panoramic ghost imaging
Authors: Cui Huan , Cao Jie , Hao Qun , Zhou Dong , Zhang Haoyu , Zhang Yingqiang
Published: March 2023

Panoramic ghost imaging (PGI) is a novel method by only using a curved mirror to enlarge the field of view (FOV) of ghost imaging (GI) to 360°, making GI a breakthrough in the applications with a wide FOV. However, high-resolution PGI with high efficiency is a serious challenge because of the large amount of data. Therefore, inspired by the variant-resolution retina structure of human eye, a foveated panoramic ghost imaging (FPGI) is proposed to achieve the coexistence of a wide FOV, high resolution and high efficiency on GI by reducing the resolution redundancy, and further to promote the practical applications of GI with a wide FOV. In FPGI system, a flexible variant-resolution annular pattern structure via log-rectilinear transformation and log-polar mapping is proposed to be used for projection, which can allocate the resolution of the region of interest (ROI) and the other region of non-interest (NROI) by setting related parameters in the radial and poloidal directions independently to meet different imaging requirements. In addition, in order to reasonably reduce the resolution redundancy and avoid the loss of the necessary resolution on NROI, the variant-resolution annular pattern structure with a real fovea is further optimized to keep the ROI at any position in the center of 360° FOV by flexibly changing the initial position of the start-stop boundary on the annular pattern structure. The experimental results of the FPGI with one fovea and multiple foveae demonstrate that, compared to the traditional PGI, the proposed FPGI not only can improve the imaging quality on the ROIs with a high resolution and flexibly remain a lower-resolution imaging on the NROI with different required resolution reduction; but also reduce the reconstruction time to improve the imaging efficiency due to the reduction of the resolution redundancy.
First steps in the development of next-generation chirped volume Bragg gratings by means of fs laser inscription in fused silica
Authors: Perevezentsev Evgeny A. , Siems Malte Per , Richter Daniel , Mukhin Ivan B. , Krämer Ria G. , Gorokhov Anton I. , Volkov Mikhail R. , Nolte Stefan
Published: March 2023

The first steps towards the development and characterization of next-generation chirped volume Bragg gratings (CVBGs) by means of fs laser inscription were made. Based on the phase mask inscription technique we realized CVBGs in fused silica with a 3 × 3 mm2 aperture and a length of almost 12 mm with a chirp rate of ∼190 ps/nm around a central wavelength of 1030.5 nm. Strong mechanical stresses induced serious polarization and phase distortions of the radiation. We show a possible approach to solution of this problem. The change in the linear absorption coefficient associated with local modification of fused silica is quite small, enabling utilization of this type of gratings in high average power lasers.
Phononically shielded photonic-crystal mirror membranes for cavity quantum optomechanics
Authors: Enzian Georg , Wang Zihua , Simonsen Anders , Mathiassen Jonas , Vibel Toke , Tsaturyan Yeghishe , Tagantsev Alexander , Schliesser Albert , Polzik Eugene S.
Published: March 2023

We present a highly reflective, sub-wavelength-thick membrane resonator featuring high mechanical quality factor and discuss its applicability for cavity optomechanics. The 88.5 nm thin stoichiometric silicon-nitride membrane, designed and fabricated to combine 2D-photonic and phononic crystal patterns, reaches reflectivities up to 99.89 % and a mechanical quality factor of 2.9 × 107 at room temperature. We construct a Fabry-Perot-type optical cavity, with the membrane forming one terminating mirror. The optical beam shape in cavity transmission shows a stark deviation from a simple Gaussian mode-shape, consistent with theoretical predictions. We demonstrate optomechanical sideband cooling to mK-mode temperatures, starting from room temperature. At higher intracavity powers we observe an optomechanically induced optical bistability. The demonstrated device has potential to reach high cooperativities at low light levels desirable, for example, for optomechanical sensing and squeezing applications or fundamental studies in cavity quantum optomechanics; and meets the requirements for cooling to the quantum ground state of mechanical motion from room temperature.
Single photon single pixel imaging into thick scattering medium
Authors: Pan Long , Shen Yuecheng , Qi Ji , Shi Junhui , Feng Xiaohua
Published: March 2023

Imaging into thick scattering medium is a long-standing challenge. Beyond the quasi-ballistic regime, multiple scattering scrambles the spatiotemporal information of incident/emitted light, making canonical imaging based on light focusing nearly impossible. Diffusion optical tomography (DOT) is one of the most popular approach to look inside scattering medium, but quantitatively inverting the diffusion equation is ill-posed, and prior information of the medium is typically necessary, which is nontrivial to obtain. Here, we show theoretically and experimentally that, by synergizing the one-way light scattering characteristic of single pixel imaging with ultrasensitive single photon detection and a metric-guided image reconstruction, single photon single pixel imaging can serve as a simple and powerful alternative to DOT for imaging into thick scattering medium without prior knowledge or inverting the diffusion equation. We demonstrated an image resolution of 12 mm inside a 60 mm thick (∼ 78 mean free paths) scattering medium.
Mapping port wine stain in vivo by optical coherence tomography angiography and multi-metric characterization
Authors: Yang Chen , Yao Lin , Zhou Lingxi , Qian Shuhao , Meng Jia , Yang Lu , Chen Lingmei , Tan Yizhou , Qiu Haixia , Gu Ying , Ding Zhihua , Li Peng , Liu Zhiyi
Published: March 2023

Port wine stain (PWS) is a congenital cutaneous capillary malformation composed of ecstatic vessels, while the microstructure of these vessels remains largely unknown. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) serves as a non-invasive, label-free and high-resolution tool to visualize the 3D tissue microvasculature. However, even as the 3D vessel images of PWS become readily accessible, quantitative analysis algorithms for their organization have mainly remained limited to analysis of 2D images. Especially, 3D orientations of vasculature in PWS have not yet been resolved at a voxel-wise basis. In this study, we employed the inverse signal-to-noise ratio (iSNR)-decorrelation (D) OCTA (ID-OCTA) to acquire 3D blood vessel images in vivo from PWS patients, and used the mean-subtraction method for de-shadowing to correct the tail artifacts. We developed algorithms which mapped blood vessels in spatial-angular hyperspace in a 3D context, and obtained orientation-derived metrics including directional variance and waviness for the characterization of vessel alignment and crimping level, respectively. Combining with thickness and local density measures, our method served as a multi-parametric analysis platform which covered a variety of morphological and organizational characteristics at a voxel-wise basis. We found that blood vessels were thicker, denser and less aligned in lesion skin in contrast to normal skin (symmetrical parts of skin lesions on the cheek), and complementary insights from these metrics led to a classification accuracy of ∼90% in identifying PWS. An improvement in sensitivity of 3D analysis was validated over 2D analysis. Our imaging and analysis system provides a clear picture of the microstructure of blood vessels within PWS tissues, which leads to a better understanding of this capillary malformation disease and facilitates improvements in diagnosis and treatment of PWS.
Pulse shaping in a midwave-IR OPCPA for multi-µJ few-cycle pulse generation at 12 µm via DFG
Authors: Bock Martin , Grafenstein Lorenz von , Fuertjes Pia , Ueberschaer Dennis , Duda Martin , Novák Ondřej , Abrosimov Nikolay , Griebner Uwe
Published: March 2023

We report on dispersion management in mid-IR optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers (OPCPA) aiming for high-energy few-cycle pulses beyond 4 µm. The available pulse shapers in this spectral region limit the feasibility of sufficient higher-order phase control. Intending the generation of high energy pulses at 12 µm via DFG driven by the signal and idler pulses of a midwave-IR OPCPA, we introduce alternative approaches for mid-IR pulse shaping, namely a germanium-prism pair and a sapphire-prism Martinez compressor. Furthermore, we explore the limits of bulk compression in Si and Ge for multi-mJ pulse energies.
Quantum switching between nonclassical correlated single photons and two-photon bundles in a two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model
Authors: Tang Jing
Published: March 2023

We propose a scheme to realize a two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model for a single atom inside an optical cavity. It is shown that the interplay of a laser detuning and atom (cavity) pump (driven) field gives rise to the strong single photon blockade, two-photon bundles, and photon-induced tunneling. With the cavity driven field, strong photon blockade occurs in the weak coupling regime, and switching between single photon blockade and photon-induced tunneling at two-photon resonance are achievable via increasing the driven strength. By turning on the atom pump field, quantum switching between two-photon bundles and photon-induced tunneling at four-photon resonance are realized. More interestingly, the high-quality quantum switching between single photon blockade, two-photon bundles, and photon-induced tunneling at three-photon resonance is achieved with combining the atom pump and cavity driven fields simultaneously. In contrast to the standard two-level Jaynes-Cummings model, our scheme with generating a two-photon (multi-photon) Jaynes-Cummings model reveals a prominent strategy to engineer a series of special nonclassical quantum states, which may pave the way for investigating basic quantum devices to implement in quantum information processing and quantum networks.
Narrow linewidth optical frequency comb based on a directly modulated microcavity laser with optical feedback
Authors: Wang Ting , Yang Yue-De , Hao You-Zeng , Zhang Zhen-Ning , Shi Yang , Chen You-Ling , Xiao Jin-Long , Huang Yong-Zhen
Published: March 2023

A narrow linewidth optical frequency comb (OFC) based on a directly modulated microcavity laser with external optical feedback is investigated numerically and demonstrated experimentally. Based on the numerical simulations with rate equations, the evolution of the optical and electrical spectra is presented for the direct-modulated microcavity laser with increased feedback strength, and the linewidth property is improved at suitable feedback conditions. The simulation results also show good robustness for the generated OFC in terms of feedback strength and phase. Moreover, the OFC generation experiment is performed by combining with the dual-loop feedback structure to suppress the side mode, and an OFC with a side-mode suppression ratio of 31 dB is realized. Thanks to the high electro-optical response of the microcavity laser, a 15-tone OFC with a frequency interval of 10 GHz is obtained. Finally, the linewidth of each comb tooth is measured to be around 7 kHz under the feedback power of 47 µW, which indicates an enormous compression of approximately 2000 times compared with the free-running continuous-wave microcavity laser.
Multi-printer learning framework for efficient optical printer characterization
Authors: Chen Danwu , Urban Philipp
Published: March 2023

A high prediction accuracy of optical printer models is a prerequisite for accurately reproducing visual attributes (color, gloss, translucency) in multimaterial 3D printing. Recently, deep-learning-based models have been proposed, requiring only a moderate number of printed and measured training samples to reach a very high prediction accuracy. In this paper, we present a multi-printer deep learning (MPDL) framework that further improves data efficiency utilizing supporting data from other printers. Experiments on eight multi-material 3D printers demonstrate that the proposed framework can significantly reduce the number of training samples thus the overall printing and measurement efforts. This makes it economically feasible to frequently characterize 3D printers to achieve a high optical reproduction accuracy consistent across different printers and over time, which is crucial for color- and translucency-critical applications.
Phase aberration separation for holographic microscopy by alternating direction sparse optimization
Authors: Huang Zhengzhong , Cao Liangcai
Published: March 2023

The morphology and dynamics of label-free tissues can be exploited by sample-induced changes in the optical field from quantitative phase imaging. Its sensitivity to subtle changes in the optical field makes the reconstructed phase susceptible to phase aberrations. We import variable sparse splitting framework on quantitative phase aberration extraction based on alternating direction aberration free method. The optimization and regularization in the reconstructed phase are decomposed into object terms and aberration terms. By formulating the aberration extraction as a convex quadratic problem, the background phase aberration can be fast and directly decomposed with the specific complete basis functions such as Zernike or standard polynomials. Faithful phase reconstruction can be obtained by eliminating global background phase aberration. The aberration-free two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging experiments are demonstrated, showing the relaxation of the strict alignment requirements for the holographic microscopes.
Switchable broadband/narrowband absorber based on a hybrid metasurface of graphene and metal structures
Authors: Feng JinLong , Wu Lin-Sheng , Mao Jun-Fa
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes a switchable broadband/narrowband absorber based on a hybrid metasurface comprising graphene and metal in the millimeter-wave regime. The designed absorber achieves broadband absorption when the surface resistivity of graphene R
s
= 450 Ω/◻ and narrowband absorption when R
s
= 1300 Ω/◻ and 2000 Ω/◻. The physical mechanism behind the graphene absorber is explored by analyzing the distributions of power loss, electric field, and surface current densities. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) based on transmission-line theory is derived to theoretically investigate the performance of the absorber, with ECM results in good agreement with simulation results. Furthermore, we fabricate a prototype and evaluate its reflectivity by applying various biasing voltages. The results obtained from the experiment are also consistent with those obtained from the simulation. When the external bias voltage is changed from +1.4 V to −3.2 V, the proposed absorber has an average reflectivity ranging from −5 dB to −33 dB. The proposed absorber has potential applications in radar cross-section (RCS) reduction, antenna design, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and EM camouflage techniques.
Optical edge detection with adjustable resolution based on cascaded Pancharatnam–Berry lenses
Authors: Tu Yingnan , Li Ruijian , Xiong Zhenyu , Wu Hao , Ren Yuan , Liu Zhengliang , Sun Rusheng , Liu Tong
Published: March 2023

We designed a versatile optical edge detection setup with two cascaded Pancharatnam–Berry lenses (PBLs) placed at the Fourier plane of a 4f system. When the two PBLs are parallel and close to each other, owing to the moiré-like effect, one-dimensional edge detection with adjustable resolution is achieved by introducing a transverse displacement of one PBL. Furthermore, two-dimensional edge detection with adjustable resolution can also be realized by tuning the longitudinal distance between the PBLs, and the transverse displacement is exploited to adjust the edge resolution in specified directions. The proposed scheme is verified by a proof-of-principle experiment in which the resolution-adjustable edges of different targets and cells were clearly observed, showing its flexibility and potential application in image processing and high-contrast microscopy.
Time reversal of broadband microwave signal based on frequency conversion of multiple subbands
Authors: Xie Xiangzhi , Chen Guchang , Yin Feifei , Xu Kun , Capmany Jose , Dai Yitang
Published: March 2023

Time reversal of broadband microwave signals based on frequency conversion of multiple subbands is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The broadband input spectrum is cut into a number of narrowband subbands, and the center frequency of each subband is reassigned by multi-heterodyne measurement. The input spectrum is inversed, while the time reversal of the temporal waveform is also realized. The equivalence between time reversal and the spectral inversion of the proposed system is verified by mathematical derivation and numerical simulation. Meanwhile, spectral inversion and time reversal of a broadband signal with instantaneous bandwidth larger than 2 GHz are experimentally demonstrated. Our solution shows good potential for integration where no dispersion element is employed in the system. Moreover, this solution for an instantaneous bandwidth larger than 2 GHz is competitive in the processing of broadband microwave signals.
Graphical multispectral radiation temperature inversion algorithm based on deep learning
Authors: Xing Jian , Guo Jiabo , Cui Shuanglong , Li Wenchao , Chang Xinfang
Published: March 2023

Neural networks are the most promising tool to solve the problem that an assumed emissivity model is needed in the field of multispectral radiometric temperature measurement. Existing neural network multispectral radiometric temperature measurement algorithms have been investigating the problems of network selection, network porting, and parameter optimization. The inversion accuracy and adaptability of the algorithms have been unsatisfactory. In view of the great success of deep learning in the field of image processing, this Letter proposes the idea of converting one-dimensional multispectral radiometric temperature data into two-dimensional image data for data processing to improve the accuracy and adaptability of multispectral radiometric temperature measurement by deep learning algorithms. Simulation and experimental validation are carried out. In the simulation, the error is less than 0.71% without noise and 1.80% with 5% random noise, which improves the accuracy by more than 1.55% and 2.66% compared with the classical BP (backpropagation) algorithm, and 0.94% and 0.96% compared with the GIM-LSTM (generalized inverse matrix–long short-term memory) algorithm. In the experiment, the error is less than 0.83%. This indicates that the method has high research value and is expected to lead multispectral radiometric temperature measurement technology to a new level.
Investigation of poling timescales and dopant duty cycle in doped silica multilayered thin films
Authors: Jafari Seyed Hamed , Smelser Christopher W.
Published: March 2023

We investigate, for the first time to our knowledge, the impact of poling duration and duty cycle on second order non-linearities induced in poled silica multi-layer structures. We observe that the magnitude of the induced non-linearity, as determined through second harmonic generation, is strongly dependent on the duty cycle of the doped-undoped region in the layers with the highest non-linearity being observed with thick undoped layers. We also observe that multi-layer structures pole in a fraction of the time required for bulk samples. We utilize a charge migration model to explain these phenomena.
VCSEL-based optical transceiver with a 90°-bent graded-index core polymer waveguide coupler for 25.78-Gb/s transmission
Authors: Kohmu Naohiro , Ishii Maho , Hatai Ryosuke , Ishigure Takaaki
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we propose a low-loss assembly of optical elements [vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL)/photodiode (PD)] and a 90°-bent graded-index (GI) core polymer optical waveguide for compact high-speed optical transceivers. The air gap between the 90°-bent GI-core waveguide and VCSEL/PD chips are filled with a high-index resin, and we demonstrate a reduction not only of the Fresnel reflection loss but also of the coupling loss due to the lower divergence angle of VCSEL and fiber output beams. In this paper, the core size and NA of the 90°-bent GI-core in the polymer waveguide are redesigned to match the specific launch conditions realized with the gap filled with resins, resulting in theoretical estimates of insertion losses as low as 0.82 dB and 1.38 dB for the waveguides on the transmitter and receiver sides, respectively. Such low insertion losses are obtained not by step-index core but GI core waveguides. After redesigning the structure, 90°-bent GI-core polymer waveguides with a bending radius of 1 mm are experimentally fabricated using the Mosquito method, and we experimentally demonstrate that the insertion loss of the waveguide can be reduced by about 4 dB when the 100-µm air gap is filled with an optical adhesive (na = 1.51). In addition, an error-free 25.78-Gb/s data transmission is successfully demonstrated over a 100-m MMF link using the fabricated VCSEL based transceivers with 90°-bent GI core polymer optical waveguides.
Complex optically computed phase microscopy for label-free sub-cellular imaging
Authors: Liu Xuan , Liu Yuwei , Yu Shupei , Zhang Yuanwei
Published: March 2023

In this study, we investigated a complex optically computed phase microscopy (complex-OCPM) technology. Based on a low coherence interferometer and an innovative optical computation approach, the complex-OCPM imaging system achieves depth resolved quantitative phase measurement. Particularly, the complex-OCPM imaging system directly measures the complex amplitude of the optical field emerging from the sample, extracts the phase as the argument of a complex signal, and achieves a high spatial resolution in phase imaging. We evaluated the performance of complex-OCPM imaging using resolution targets and live cells. Our results show that the complex-OCPM system achieves quantitative phase imaging with sub-cellular resolution on label-free cells.
Elucidating the patterns of pleiotropy and its biological relevance in maize
Authors: Khaipho-Burch Merritt , Ferebee Taylor , Giri Anju , Ramstein Guillaume , Monier Brandon , Yi Emily , Romay M. Cinta , Buckler Edward S.
Published: March 2023

Pleiotropy—when a single gene controls two or more seemingly unrelated traits—has been shown to impact genes with effects on flowering time, leaf architecture, and inflorescence morphology in maize. However, the genome-wide impact of biological pleiotropy across all maize phenotypes is largely unknown. Here, we investigate the extent to which biological pleiotropy impacts phenotypes within maize using GWAS summary statistics reanalyzed from previously published metabolite, field, and expression phenotypes across the Nested Association Mapping population and Goodman Association Panel. Through phenotypic saturation of 120,597 traits, we obtain over 480 million significant quantitative trait nucleotides. We estimate that only 1.56–32.3% of intervals show some degree of pleiotropy. We then assess the relationship between pleiotropy and various biological features such as gene expression, chromatin accessibility, sequence conservation, and enrichment for gene ontology terms. We find very little relationship between pleiotropy and these variables when compared to permuted pleiotropy. We hypothesize that biological pleiotropy of common alleles is not widespread in maize and is highly impacted by nuisance terms such as population structure and linkage disequilibrium. Natural selection on large standing natural variation in maize populations may target wide and large effect variants, leaving the prevalence of detectable pleiotropy relatively low.
A co-designed website (FindWays) to improve mental health literacy of parents of children with mental health problems: Protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Peyton Daniel , Wadley Greg , Hackworth Naomi , Grobler Anneke , Hiscock Harriet
Published: March 2023

Background

Mental health problems, such as behavioural and emotional problems, are prevalent in children. These problems can have long lasting, detrimental effects on the child, their parents and society. Most children with a mental health problem do not receive professional help. Those that do get help can face long wait times. While waiting, parents want to learn how they can help their child. To address this need, we co-designed a new website to help parents find ways of helping their child’s mental health problem while waiting to get specialist help.

Objectives

To assess the acceptability and feasibility of a new co-designed website, FindWays, through a pilot randomised controlled trial. The protocol is registered with ISRCTN (ISRCTN64605513).

Methods

This study will recruit up to 60 parents of children aged two-twelve years old referred to a paediatrician for behavioural and/or emotional problems. Participants will be randomly allocated by computer generated number sequence to either the intervention or control group. Intervention group participants will receive access to the FindWays website to help them manage their child’s mental health problem while they wait to see the paediatrician. Acceptability and feasibility will be assessed over the 4-month intervention through mixed methods including: recruitment, adherence, retention, net promoter score (quantitative measures) and semi-structured interviews to gain an in-depth understanding of parents’ experience and potential adverse effects (qualitative measure). Secondary outcomes measured by parent survey at 4-months post randomisation include child mental health, parent mental health, impact of the child’s mental health problem on their functioning and family, and health service use and associated costs.

Results

Recruitment commenced June 2022 with publication expected in October 2023.

Conclusion

This study will provide novel data on the acceptability and feasibility of a new website co-designed with parents to help them find ways of managing their child’s behaviour and emotions.