bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrared and millimetre-wave scintillometry in the suburban environment – Part 1: Structure parameters
Authors: Ward H. C. , Evans J. G. , Grimmond C. S. B. , Bradford J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Scintillometry, a form of ground-based remote sensing, provides the capability to estimate surface heat fluxes over scales of a few hundred metres to kilometres. Measurements are spatial averages, making this technique particularly valuable over areas with moderate heterogeneity such as mixed agricultural or urban environments. In this study, we present the structure parameters of temperature and humidity, which can be related to the sensible and latent heat fluxes through similarity theory, for a suburban area in the UK. The fluxes are provided in the second paper of this two-part series. A millimetre-wave scintillometer was combined with an infrared scintillometer along a 5.5 km path over northern Swindon. The pairing of these two wavelengths offers sensitivity to both temperature and humidity fluctuations, and the correlation between wavelengths is also used to retrieve the path-averaged temperature–humidity correlation. Comparison is made with structure parameters calculated from an eddy covariance station located close to the centre of the scintillometer path. The performance of the measurement techniques under different conditions is discussed. Similar behaviour is seen between the two data sets at sub-daily timescales. For the two summer-to-winter periods presented here, similar evolution is displayed across the seasons. A higher vegetation fraction within the scintillometer source area is consistent with the lower Bowen ratio observed (midday Bowen ratio < 1) compared with more built-up areas around the eddy covariance station. The energy partitioning is further explored in the companion paper.
Infrared and millimetre-wave scintillometry in the suburban environment – Part 2: Large-area sensible and latent heat fluxes
Authors: Ward H. C. , Evans J. G. , Grimmond C. S. B.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. A millimetre-wave scintillometer was paired with an infrared scintillometer, enabling estimation of large-area evapotranspiration across northern Swindon, a suburban area in the UK. Both sensible and latent heat fluxes can be obtained using this "two-wavelength" technique, as it is able to provide both temperature and humidity structure parameters, offering a major advantage over conventional single-wavelength scintillometry. The first paper of this two-part series presented the measurement theory and structure parameters. In this second paper, heat fluxes are obtained and analysed. These fluxes, estimated using two-wavelength scintillometry over an urban area, are the first of their kind. Source area modelling suggests the scintillometric fluxes are representative of 5–10 km2. For comparison, local-scale (0.05–0.5 km2) fluxes were measured by an eddy covariance station. Similar responses to seasonal changes are evident at the different scales but the energy partitioning varies between source areas. The response to moisture availability is explored using data from 2 consecutive years with contrasting rainfall patterns (2011–2012). This extensive data set offers insight into urban surface-atmosphere interactions and demonstrates the potential for two-wavelength scintillometry to deliver fluxes over mixed land cover, typically representative of an area 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than for eddy covariance measurements. Fluxes at this scale are extremely valuable for hydro-meteorological model evaluation and assessment of satellite data products.
On the potential of 2-D-Video Disdrometer technique to measure micro physical parameters of solid precipitation
Authors: Bernauer F. , Hürkamp K. , Rühm W. , Tschiersch J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Detailed characterization and classification of precipitation is an important task in atmospheric research. Line scanning 2-D-video disdrometer technique is well established for rain observations. The two orthogonal views taken of each hydrometeor passing the sensitive area of the instrument qualify this technique especially for detailed characterization of non symmetric solid hydrometeors. However, in case of solid precipitation problems related to the matching algorithm have to be considered and the user must be aware of the limited spacial resolution when size and shape descriptors are analyzed. This work has the aim of clarifying the potential of 2-D-video disdrometer technique in deriving size, velocity and shape parameters from single recorded pictures. The need of implementing a matching algorithm suitable for mixed and solid phase precipitation is highlighted as an essential step in data evaluation. For this purpose simple reproducible experiments with solid steel spheres and irregularly shaped styrofoam particles are conducted. Self-consistency of shape parameter measurements is tested in 40 cases of real snow fall. As result it was found, that reliable size and shape characterization with a relative standard deviation of less than 5% is only possible for particles larger than 1 mm. For particles between 0.5 and 1.0 mm the relative standard deviation can grow up to 22% for the volume, 17% for size parameters and 14% for shape descriptors. Testing the adapted matching algorithm with a reproducible experiment with styrofoam particles a mismatch probability of less than 2.5% was found. For shape parameter measurements in case of real solid phase precipitation the 2DVD shows self-consistent behavior.
A gas chromatograph system for semi-continuous greenhouse gas measurements at Puy de Dôme station, Central France
Authors: Lopez M. , Schmidt M. , Ramonet M. , Bonne J.-L. , Colomb A. , Kazan V. , Laj P. , Pichon J.-M.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Three years of greenhouse gases measurements, obtained using a gas chromatograph (GC) system located at the Puy de Dôme station at 1465 m a.s.l. in Central France are presented. The GC system was installed in 2010 at Puy de Dôme and was designed for automatic and accurate semi-continuous measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and sulfur hexafluoride mole fractions. We present in detail the instrumental set up and the calibration strategy, which together allow the GC to reach repeatabilities of 0.1 μmol mol−1, 1.2, 0.3 nmol mol−1 and 0.06 pmol mol−1 for CO2, CH4, N2O and SF6, respectively. Comparisons of the atmospheric time series with those obtained using other instruments shown that the GC system meets the World Meteorological Organization recommendations. The analysis of the three-year atmospheric time series revealed how the planetary boundary layer height drives the mole fractions observed at a mountain site such as Puy de Dôme where air masses alternate between the planetary boundary layer and the free troposphere. Accurate long-lived greenhouse gases measurements collocated with 222Rn measurements as an atmospheric tracer, allowed us to determine the CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions in the catchment area of the station. The derived CO2 surface flux revealed a clear seasonal cycle with net uptake by plant assimilation in the spring and net emission caused by the biosphere and burning of fossil fuel during the remainder of the year. We calculated a mean annual CO2 flux of 1150 t(CO2) km−2. The derived CH4 and N2O emissions in the station catchment area were 5.6 t(CH4) km−2 yr−1 and 1.5 t(N2O) km−2 yr−1, respectively. Our derived annual CH4 flux is in agreement with the national French inventory, whereas our derived N2O flux is five times larger than the same inventory.
A switchable reagent ion high resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer for real-time measurement of gas phase oxidized species: characterization from the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study
Authors: Brophy P. , Farmer D. K.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. A novel configuration of the Aerodyne high resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-CIMS) as a switchable reagent ion (SRI) HR-TOF-CIMS is presented and described along with data collected at the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) during the summer of 2013. The calibration system and reduced pressure gas-phase inlet are characterized. The average limit of detection and limit of quantification for formic acid during SOAS are 82 and 863 ppt, respectively, corresponding to an average sensitivity of 13 ± 5 Hz ppt−1. Hourly background determinations and calibrations are shown to be essential for tracking instrument performance and accurately quantifying formic acid. Maximum daytime formic acid concentrations of 10 ppb are reported during SOAS, and a strong diel cycle is observed leading to night time concentrations below the limit of quantification. Other species presented exhibit diel behavior similar to formic acid. The concept of the mass defect enhancement plot and the use of signal-to-noise are described in detail as a method for investigating HR-TOF-CIMS spectra in an effort to reduce data complexity.
New insights of pCO2 variability in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean using SMOS SSS
Authors: Brown C. W. , Boutin J. , Merlivat L.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Complex oceanic circulation and air–sea interaction make the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETPO) a highly variable source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Although the scientific community have amassed 70 000 surface partial-pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) datapoints within the ETPO region over the past 25 years, the spatial and temporal resolution of this dataset is insufficient to fully quantify the seasonal to inter-annual variability of the region, a region where pCO2 has been observed to fluctuate by >300 μatm. Upwelling and rainfall events dominate the surface physical and chemical characteristics of the ETPO, with both yielding unique signatures in sea surface temperature and salinity. Thus, we explore the potential of using a statistical description of pCO2 within sea-surface salinity-temperature space. These SSS/SST relationships are based on in-situ SOCAT data collected within the ETPO. This statistical description is then applied to high resolution (0.25°) SMOS sea surface salinity and OSTIA sea surface temperature in order to compute regional pCO2. As a result, we are able to resolve pCO2 at sufficiently high resolution to elucidate the influence various physical processes have on the pCO2 of the surface ETPO. Normalised (to 2014) oceanic pCO2 between July 2010 and June 2014 within the entire ETPO was 41 μatm supersaturated with respect to 2014 atmospheric partial pressures. Values of pCO2 within the ETPO were found to be broadly split between southeast and a northwest regions. The north west, central and South Equatorial Current regions were supersaturated, with wintertime wind jet driven upwelling found to be the first order control on pCO2 values. This contrasts with the southeastern/Gulf of Panama region, where heavy rainfall combined with rapid stratification of the upper water-column act to dilute dissolved inorganic carbon, and yield pCO2 values undersaturated with respect to atmospheric partial pressures of CO2.
Resilience to temperature and pH changes in a future climate change scenario in six strains of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus
Authors: Pančić M. , Hansen P. J. , Tammilehto A. , Lundholm N.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The effects of ocean acidification and increased temperature on physiology of six strains of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus from Greenland were investigated. Experiments were performed under manipulated pH levels (8.0, 7.7, 7.4, and 7.1) and different temperatures (1, 5 and 8 °C) to simulate changes from present to plausible future levels. Each of the 12 scenarios was run for 7 days, and a significant interaction between temperature and pH on growth was detected. By combining increased temperature and acidification, the two factors counterbalanced each other, and therefore no effect on the growth rates was found. However, the growth rates increased with elevated temperatures by ∼20–50% depending on the strain. In addition, a general negative effect of increasing acidification on growth was observed. At pH 7.7 and 7.4, the growth response varied considerably among strains. However, a more uniform response was detected at pH 7.1 with most of the strains exhibiting reduced growth rates by 20–37% compared to pH 8.0. It should be emphasized that a significant interaction between temperature and pH was found, meaning that the combination of the two parameters affected growth differently than when considering one at a time. Based on these results, we anticipate that the polar diatom F. cylindrus will be unaffected by changes in temperature and pH within the range expected by the end of the century. In each simulated scenario, the variation in growth rates among the strains was larger than the variation observed due to the whole range of changes in either pH or temperature. Climate change may therefore not affect the species as such, but may lead to changes in the population structure of the species, with the strains exhibiting high phenotypic plasticity, in terms of temperature and pH tolerance towards future conditions, dominating the population.
Recharge estimation and soil moisture dynamics in a Mediterranean, semi-arid karst region
Authors: Ries F. , Lange J. , Schmidt S. , Puhlmann H. , Sauter M.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Knowledge of soil moisture dynamics in the unsaturated soil zone provides valuable information on the temporal and spatial variability of groundwater recharge. This is especially true for the Mediterranean region, where a substantial fraction of long-term groundwater recharge is expected to occur during high magnitude precipitation events of above-average wet winters. To elucidate process understanding of infiltration processes during these extreme events, a monitoring network of precipitation gauges, meteorological stations, and soil moisture plots was installed in an area with a steep climatic gradient in the Jordan Valley region. In three soil moisture plots, Hydrus-1D was used to simulate water movement in the unsaturated soil zone with soil hydraulic parameters estimated by the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis algorithm. To generalize our results, we modified soil depth and rainfall input to simulate the effect of the pronounced climatic gradient and soil depth variability on percolation fluxes and applied the calibrated model to a time series with 62 years of meteorological data. Soil moisture measurements showed a pronounced seasonality and suggested rapid infiltration during heavy rainstorms. Hydrus-1D successfully simulated short and long-term soil moisture patterns, with the majority of simulated deep percolation occurring during a few intensive rainfall events. Temperature drops in a nearby groundwater well were observed synchronously with simulated percolation pulses, indicating rapid groundwater recharge mechanisms. The 62-year model run yielded annual percolation fluxes of up to 66% of precipitation depths during wet years and of 0% during dry years. Furthermore, a dependence of recharge on the temporal rainfall distribution could be shown. Strong correlations between depth of recharge and soil depth were also observed.
Operational aspects of asynchronous filtering for hydrological forecasting
Authors: Rakovec O. , Weerts A. H. , Sumihar J. , Uijlenhoet R.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. This study investigates the suitability of the Asynchronous Ensemble Kalman Filter (AEnKF) and a partitioned updating scheme for hydrological forecasting. The AEnKF requires forward integration of the model for the analysis and enables assimilation of current and past observations simultaneously at a single analysis step. The results of discharge assimilation into a grid-based hydrological model for the Upper Ourthe catchment in the Belgian Ardennes show that including past predictions and observations in the data assimilation method improves the model forecasts. Additionally, we show that elimination of the strongly non-linear relation between the soil moisture storage and assimilated discharge observations from the model update becomes beneficial for improved operational forecasting, which is evaluated using several validation measures.
Four decades of glacier variations at Muztag Ata (Eastern Pamir): a multi-sensor study including Hexagon KH-9 and Pléiades data
Authors: Holzer N. , Vijay S. , Yao T. , Xu B. , Buchroithner M. , Bolch T.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Recent mass balance measurements indicate a slight mass gain at Muztag Ata in the Eastern Pamir. We extend these measurements both in space and time by using remote sensing data and present four decades of glacier variations in the entire mountain massif. Geodetic mass-balances and area changes were determined at glacier scale from stereo satellite imagery and derived Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). This includes Hexagon KH-9 (year 1973), ALOS-PRISM (2009), Pléiades (2013) and Landsat 7 ETM+ data in conjunction with the SRTM-3 DEM (2000). In addition, surface velocities of Kekesayi Glacier, the largest glacier at Muztag Ata, were derived from TerraSAR-X amplitude tracking. Locally, we observed strong spatial and temporal variations during the last four decades, which were, however, on average not significant for the entire massif. Some south-west exposed glaciers fluctuated or advanced, while glaciers with other aspects rather experienced continuous shrinkage. Several glaciers such as Kekesayi indicate no visual change at their frontal position, but clear down-wasting despite mostly thick debris coverage at low altitudes. The surface velocity of this largest debris-covered glacier of the massif reach up to 20 cm per day, but its distal part of the tongue appears to be stagnant. The low velocity or even stagnancy at the tongue is likely one reason for the down-wasting. On average, the glaciers showed a small, insignificant shrinkage from 274.3 ± 10.6 km2 in 1973 to 272.7 ± 1.0 km2 in 2013 (−0.02 ± 0.1% a−1). Average mass changes in the range of −0.03 ± 0.33 m w.e. a−1 (1973–2009) to −0.01 ± 0.30 m w.e. a−1 (1973–2013) reveal nearly balanced budgets for the last forty years. Indications of slightly positive trends after 1999 (+0.04 ± 0.27 m w.e. a−1) are confirmed by in-situ measurements.
A pós-graduação no processo formacional do bibliotecário: concepções e reflexões teóricas
Authors: Lourenço da Silva Claudia , Pereira Pontes Vanildo
Published: March 2015

Objetivo: Apresentar o contexto informacional (através de concepções e reflexões teóricas) sobre a pós-graduação, biblioteconomia e bibliotecário, como processo formacional e educacional do profissional da informação. Método: seu processo metodológico dar-se-á na análise de revisão literária (artigos, internet e livros) dos temas apresentados, através de uma pesquisa exploratória dos temas estudados por diversos autores. Resultado: o artigo resultou na perspectiva de compreender a formação continuada do profissional como fator importante no desenvolvimento intelectual e racional. Conclusão: o estudo contribuirá para conhecimento, ampliação e fortalecimento dos cursos de formação universitária profissional, stricto e lato-sensu, como condição indispensável para que os bibliotecários se qualifiquem para as mudanças estruturais de seu trabalho na sociedade da informação.
La oferta de recursos y materiales de apoyo a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje a través de la web
Authors: Jiménez Fernández Concepción María
Published: March 2015

Objetivo. En este artículo se describe el análisis llevado a cabo sobre las 517 webs de biblioteca escolar de centros de educación primaria existentes en las diez provincias que conforman dos comunidades autónomas cercanas, Andalucía y Extremadura, con miras a conocer el diagnóstico de la situación en lo que se refiere a la oferta de recursos y materiales de apoyo a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje a través de la web. Método. Se justifica la elección de estas dos comunidades autónomas así como el procedimiento seguido en el diseño de la investigación, no experimental, cuantitativa y aplicada. Resultados/conclusiones. Los resultados del análisis revelan que ninguna biblioteca escolar de las estudiadas supera el 25% de webs que aportan materiales y recursos para el profesorado y el alumando. Se finaliza con la exposición de las conclusiones del estudio y con la propuesta de creación de una web modelo extrapolable a cualquier biblioteca escolar de educación primaria en España.
Análise documental de fotografias jornalísticas: estudo exploratório dos elementos conotativos
Authors: Prado Leite de Sousa Raquel Juliana , Da Cunha Gabriela Aparecida
Published: March 2015

Reflete sobre a necessidade e a possibilidade de estabelecimento de maior rigor metodológico para a análise documental do processo conotativo de fotografias, tendo como objetivo realizar um estudo exploratório dos elementos de conotação. Analisa as fotografias presentes na cobertura jornalística de pesquisa científica que realizou estudo de arqueologia forense nos restos mortais dos imperadores brasileiros publicadas nos jornais O Estado de São Paulo e Folha de São Paulo em fevereiro de 2013. Parte do levantamento inicial da presença ou ausência dos elementos trucagem, pose, objetos, estetismo, sintaxe e fotogenia apontados por Barthes (1990) como formadores da conotação em fotografias jornalísticas, para posteriormente realizar análise conceitual de uma fotografia publicada nos dois jornais. Conclui que o estabelecimento de elementos para a análise e descrição do processo conotativo de fotografias deve e pode ser aprofundado, de modo a procurar, se não substituir, minimizar uma leitura subjetiva da conotação por critérios mais uniformes.
Arendt and Ricœur on Ideology and Authority.
Authors: Garduño Comparán Carlos Alfonso
Published: March 2015

AbstractHannah Arendt’s work is an important reference for Paul Ricœur. Her definition of power as the free action in concert of individuals within a community of equals, guaranteed by institutions, allows Ricœur to ground his reflection on the political dimension of recognition and justice. However, as I will show in this paper, such a definition is problematic, particularly because of the relation that Arendt establishes between power and authority, her decision to separate the social and the political, and her understanding of ideology, philosophy, and common sense in politics.After describing Arendt’s account of the relation between power and authority, I argue that, without rejecting the spirit of her political thought or her basic concepts, Ricœur’s reflections on the functions of ideology in his Lectures on Ideology and Utopia offer a broader but complementary vision that allows us to understand the issues that remain obscure in Arendt’s approach.Keywords: Arendt, Ideology, Authority, Power, Social.RésuméL’œuvre de Hannah Arendt constitue une référence importante pour Paul Ricœur. La définition arendtienne du pouvoir comme agir ensemble des individus au sein d’une communauté d’égaux garantie par des institutions, fournit en effet à Ricœur les bases de sa réflexion sur la dimension politique de la reconnaissance et de la justice. Cependant, cet article s’efforce de montrer qu’une telle définition est problématique, non seulement en raison de la relation qu’Arendt établit entre le pouvoir et l’autorité, mais aussi en ce qui concerne sa distinction du social et du politique, sa compréhension de l’idéologie, ainsi que sa conception de la philosophie et du sens commun dans le domaine politique.Après une analyse des thèses d’Arendt sur la relation entre le pouvoir et l’autorité, cet article soutient que, sans rejeter l’esprit de la pensée politique arendtienne et ses concepts de base, la conception ricœurienne des fonctions de l’idéologie développée dans L’idéologie et l’utopie offre une vision plus ample et plus complète qui permet d’éclairer les questions qui demeurent obscures dans l’approche de Hannah Arendt.Mots-clés: Arendt, idéologie, autorité, pouvoir, social.
Événement, idéologie et utopie
Authors: AMALRIC Jean-Luc
Published: March 2015

RESUMEL’hypothèse que tente d’esquisser cet article est que l’idée ricœurienne d’une médiatisation dynamique des contradictions de l’imaginaire social présuppose une corrélation originaire de l’idéologie et de l’utopie qui ne peut elle-même être comprise qu’à partir de l’événement de l’institution d’un imaginaire social constituant. Dans un premier temps, l’article s’efforce de cerner ce qui fait la spécificité de la théorie ricœurienne de l’idéologie et de l’utopie comme « pratiques imaginatives », en soulignant à ce titre l’influence déterminante des thèses de Jacques Ellul sur l’idéologie. Puis, dans un second temps, il s’engage dans une analyse régressive qui conduit de la réappropriation ricœurienne de la conception dialectique de l’idéologie et de l’utopie exposée par Mannheim à l’idée d’un fondement événementiel de ces deux formes opposées de l’imaginaire social.Mots-Clés : Evénement, idéologie, utopie, Ellul, Mannheim. ABSTRACTThis paper attempts to sketch out the hypothesis that the Ricœurian conception of a dynamic mediatization of the contradictions of the social imaginary presupposes an original correlation between ideology and utopia, which can itself be understood only from the event that institutes a constitutive social imaginary. The first part of the paper marks out the specificity of the Ricœurian theory of ideology and utopia in terms of “imaginative practices”, underlining the determining influence of Jacques Ellul’s theses on ideology. The second part tries to develop a regressive argument, starting from the Ricœurian re-appropriation of Mannheim’s dialectical conception of ideology and utopia, and leading back to the idea of an event foundation for these two opposed forms of the social imaginary.Keywords : Event, Ideology, Utopia, Ellul, Mannheim
Introduction
Authors: AMALRIC Jean-Luc
Published: March 2015

Translation
Appendix: An Anthology of Miners' Poems
Authors: Poems Collected
Published: March 2015

A collection of miners' poems.
Lesbian Literature: A Third World Feminist Perspective
Authors: Moraga Cherrie , Smith Barbara
Published: March 2015

"A Baseline From Which to Build a Political Understanding: The Background and Goals of the Course."Barbara Smith: I'd taught Black women's literature, interdisciplinary courses on Black women and talked about Lesbianism as an "out" lesbian in my "Introduction to Women's Studies" courses, but I really wanted to do a Lesbian lit course. Lesbian literature had never been offered by the Women's Studies program at the University of Massachusetts in Boston, although the program is almost ten years old. There was a gay literature course that had been co-taught by a gay man and a lesbian, but its orientation was quite a bit different from what I had in mind.
Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow Device Impingement in the Subclavian Position: A Case Report
Authors: Yerxa John , Gage Shawn M. , Lawson Jeffrey H.
Published: March 2015

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to report a case of Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) device malfunction in the subclavian position secondary to costoclavicular impingement.

Methods and Results

The electronic medical record was reviewed for the patient in question and pertinent imaging was collected and photographs were taken with the patient's consent. The patient presented with signs of outflow obstruction after a period of HeRO venous outflow component function. The outflow component was found to be crushed between the first rib and the clavicle at the costoclavicular junction.

Conclusions

This case suggests that costoclavicular impingement should be considered as a mode of outflow failure with the HeRO outflow component in the subclavian position. Other central venous access points should be considered first, and the central veins accessed through the lower extremities are possible alternatives if this failure mode was to arise. First rib resection would also be a viable strategy to relieve impingement at this site.
The Relationship between CSE1L Expression and Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yuksel Ulvi Murat , Dilek Gulay , Dogan Lutfi , Gulcelik Mehmet Ali , Berberoglu Ugur
Published: March 2015

Aim

CSE1L is the human homologue to the yeast gene CSE1 and CSE1L is a gene related to cancer progression. Thus, CSE1L may regulate the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to show the relationship between CSE1L and axillary lymph node metastasis.

Methods

Sixty-six breast cancer patients were evaluated according to patient and tumor characteristics. Immunohistochemistry was carried out on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival breast tumor tissues. The results of CSE1L staining were analyzed according to the percentage of immunoreactive cells.

Results

There were 29 patients without axillary lymph node metastasis and 37 patients with nodal metastasis. The mean age of the patients was 50.6 ± 11.3 years. Age, tumor size, nuclear grade and hormone receptor status were similar in the axillary lymph node positive and negative groups. There was a statistically significant relationship between cytoplasmic CSE1L expression and axillary lymph node metastasis. However, nuclear CSE1L expression did not have any effect on axillary lymph node metastasis.

Conclusions

Cytoplasmic CSE1L overexpression may be a valuable tool for prognosis of breast cancer in future.
Hospital-based organ donation memorial ceremony: a grounded theory pilot study
Authors: Reed Charles Calhoun , I Fonseca Elma , I Reed Regina , Foremski Stacy , L Gill Sara
Published: March 2015

Objective: Various types of organ donation memorials, to include tree planting, rose garden memorials, candle lighting, donor memorial wall events are conducted throughout the year primarily by organ procurement organizations (OPOs). Although the benefits of such events have not been explored there has been continued interest by hospital staff and administrators to host such events. The purpose of this grounded theory pilot study was to describe the process of healing that a hospital-based organ donation memorial ceremony creates at the individual level and organ donation awareness and advocacy at the community level.Methods: The researchers interviewed nine organ donor family members who were invited to attend a hospital-based organ donation memorial ceremony at one Level I Trauma Center located in South Texas.Results: A 4-stage social process, “makes the hole in the heart smaller”, was identified from the qualitative interview data. Participants journeyed through a four stage process to make the hole in their hearts smaller. The four stages are: choosing to attend, being able to connect, keeping the memory alive and knowing something good came from it. As participants moved between stages their meaning for attendance changed. Families shifted from personal grieving and needing support to supporting other donor families and in the process became advocates for organ donation.Conclusions: The findings from this study validate the benefits of hospital-based organ donation memorial ceremonies. Families reported these ceremonies support their decision to donate, while also providing a means of continued emotional support throughout their grief process. The memorial event provides a safe venue for organ donor families to connect and share with others who have had a similar experience, while acknowledging their loved ones gift of life. Hospital-based organ donation memorial ceremonies and the permanent memorial structure increase awareness of organ donation for the community of donor families, hospital visitors and hospital staff.
Mandatory Continuing Professional Competencies: Making the Case for Modification of Ontario Regulation 566
Authors: Driscoll Elizabeth , Seeger Klaus , Doyle Patrick , Gorman Ken , Milani Christina
Published: March 2015

The Canadian Institute of Public Health Inspectors (CIPHI) has acknowledged the importance of having a competent membership. As a result, it developed the Continuing Professional Competencies Program in 2010 to assist its members in maintaining their skills, knowledge, and expertise, and to formally recognize these activities. Participation in this program is mandatory for CIPHI members; however, membership is not compulsory in order to practice as a public health inspector (PHI). As a result, PHIs in Ontario do not have to participate in an organized system to maintain and document their continuing professional competency. To this end, the CIPHI Ontario Branch is seeking to have Ontario Regulation 566 Qualifications of the Board of Health Staff, under the Health Protection and Promotion Act R.R.O. 1990, revised to include the requirement for continuing professional development for PHIs.
Dignité de la personne et primauté du bien commun
Authors: De Koninck Thomas
Published: March 2015

Loin de s’opposer, la dignité de la personne et la primauté du bien commun s’impliquent au contraire l’une l’autre réciproquement. C’est ce qu’on tente principalement de montrer dans le présent article.
Charles De Koninck et le bien commun
Authors: Luquet Sylvain
Published: March 2015

On tente ici de retracer aussi fidèlement que possible les tenants et les aboutissants du célèbre débat autour du bien commun et de la personne suscité par l’attaque du Père Eschmann contre le livre de Charles De Koninck, De la primauté du bien commun contre les personnalistes (1943). On y verra vite à quel point il s’agissait d’un débat d’idées et nullement de conflits personnels.
L’« humanisme évangélique » de Joseph Moingt : un tournant théologique de l’humanisme chrétien
Authors: Gallez Jean-Pol
Published: March 2015

L’humanisme chrétien bénéficie d’une longue tradition de pensée incarnée par de nombreuses figures. Au xxe siècle, il a fait l’objet de travaux essentiellement historiques. Mais cette tradition n’a pas vraiment été visitée par la théologie fondamentale. L’humanisme chrétien se trouve donc en manque de conceptualisation théologique. À travers l’importance accordée au concept d’« humanisme évangélique » dans Dieu qui vient à l’homme, J. Moingt ouvre incontestablement une voie théologique en cette direction et établit, à notre sens, un lien tangible et précieux entre l’histoire de la révélation trinitaire et l’humanisme chrétien. Sans oublier le cas de l’humanisme séculier, le présent article entend éclaircir ce rapport dans la théologie de l’auteur et situer quelques enjeux qu’il soulève à l’horizon du monde sécularisé.
La génération des Idées dans la Paraphrase de Sem (NH VII, 1)
Authors: Roberge Michel
Published: March 2015

Le mythe cosmogonique de la Paraphrase de Sem utilise le schéma médio-platonicien de deux Intellects : l’Intellect paternel et l’Intellect démiurge. Il situe cependant l’Intellect paternel à l’origine dans le chaos précosmique, recouvert d’un feu agité et soumis au principe mauvais, l’Obscur. De plus, la succession des Intellects procède selon le mode biologique de l’engendrement. Selon ce modèle la production des Idées ou Formes s’accomplit en deux étapes : 1) lorsque le Pneuma, principe intermédiaire entre l’Obscur et la Lumière, agissant à la façon d’un principe actif stoïcien, chute dans le chaos, l’Intellect qui était inerte reçoit l’impulsion qui le rend actif et produit, avec l’aide du feu, les Idées qui illuminent alors le chaos (2,19-3,29). 2) Lorsque le Sauveur, venu à la rescousse de la lumière du Pneuma, provoque la formation de la Matrice cosmique, l’Obscur s’unit à elle et éjacule son Intellect comme une semence. Il engendre alors le second Intellect en même temps qu’il transfère dans la Matrice les Idées que la Nature utilisera comme des « raisons séminales » pour fabriquer le monde matériel (3,30-6,30a). Traduire et interpréter ces pages exige de tenir compte du contexte philosophique et du vocabulaire technique de l’embryologie de l’époque.
Présentation
Authors: Smith Michael R.
Published: March 2015

Réfléchir à la situation des anglophones au Québec conduit souvent à l’une des trois caractérisations suivantes : ils ont été des oppresseurs en occupant les positions dominantes dans l’économie de la province; ils ont été et restent (métaphoriquement parlant) une cinquième colonne augmentant la force d’attraction de l’anglais, auprès des immigrants; ou encore, ils sont devenus des victimes par les politiques gouvernementales (qui limitent leur accès) aux institutions anglophones et par leur absence marquée parmi les employés de la fonction publique. Quels que soient les éléments qui alimentent ces caractérisations, chacune comporte un risque de caricature. Aussi, plutôt que de se concentrer sur des enjeux de type général, comme le sont ces caractérisations les articles de ce numéro offrent une analyse de la manière dont les anglophones vivent au quotidien avec leur lot de réussites et d’échecs. Ils pourront ainsi servir de contrepoids à la tendance à généraliser qu’on trouve dans les écrits sur cette population.
Les disparités d’accès aux soins de santé parmi la minorité de langue officielle au Québec
Authors: Falconer James , Quesnel-Vallée Amélie
Published: March 2015

Cette étude examine l’effet de l’aptitude en français sur la santé et sur les besoins de soins de santé non satisfaits au Québec, en utilisant un modèle multiple de régression logistique. Nos résultats indiquent que les anglophones unilingues du Québec sont 26 % plus susceptibles que les anglophones bilingues à se déclarer en mauvaise santé. Théoriquement, ce mauvais état de santé devrait mener à une utilisation accrue des soins de santé. Cependant, malgré leur mauvais état de santé, les anglophones unilingues sont 52 % plus susceptibles de déclarer des besoins en soins de santé non satisfaits. Ces disparités dans l’état de santé ainsi que dans l’accès aux soins de santé s’expliquent par l’aptitude à s’exprimer en français. Par ailleurs, ces effets ne sont pas modifiés par l’inclusion de variables potentiellement confondantes telles que les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et socioéconomiques. Les résultats suggèrent que ce sont les politiques visant à réduire les obstacles à l’accès aux soins de santé des populations minoritaires qui pourraient améliorer l’accès aux soins, et, éventuellement, la santé des anglophones unilingues du Québec.
Goodenia effusa (Goodeniaceae), a new species from north Queensland, Australia
Authors: Holland Ailsa Esther
Published: March 2015

Goodenia effusa is described as new. It is an annual herb from north Queensland with morphological affinity to G. virgata, G. armitiana and G. triodiophila. A diagnostic table of morphological differences is provided, along with illustrations and a distribution map of this new species.
A Novel Sonographic Scoring System for Antenatal Risk Assessment of Obstetric Complications in Suspected Morbidly Adherent Placenta
Authors: Gilboa Yinon , Spira Maya , Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Schiff Eyal , Sivan Eyal , Achiron Reuven
Published: March 2015

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel sonographic scoring system for risk assessment of complications in patients suspected of having morbidly adherent placenta.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated the association between maternal complications and a grayscale sonographic scoring system for adherent placenta before surgery. Criteria for adherent placenta included uteroplacental and uterobladder demarcation lines and the presence of lacunae. Placentas were classified into 4 stages: stage 0, normal placentation; stage 1, low probability of adherence; stage 2, moderate possibility of adherence; and stage 3, high suspicion of adherence. Placental adherence as assessed by a surgical team, estimated blood loss, and postoperative hospitalization days were determined for each group, as well as the rates of the need for packed blood cells, cryoprecipitate units, and hysterectomy.

Results

One hundred nine women were included in the study. Twenty‐six (23.8%) women were given a score of stage 0, 22 (20.2%) stage 1, 28 (25.7%) stage 2, and 33 (30.3%) stage 3. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the sonographic staging was the only variable significantly associated with the number of packed cells or cryoprecipitate units transfused (P< .001) and a clinical diagnosis of adherent placenta (P< .001). In addition, both sonographic staging and a history of cesarean delivery were significantly associated with hysterectomy (P = .01; P = .03, respectively), treatment with any blood products (P< .001; P= .01), and the duration of postoperative hospitalization (P< .001; P = .006).

Conclusions

A scoring system based on simple grayscale parameters may be effective for antenatal risk assessment of maternal complications in cases of suspected morbidly adherent placenta.
Prenatal Detection of Congenital Heart Defects at the 11‐ to 13‐Week Scan Using a Simple Color Doppler Protocol Including the 4‐Chamber and 3‐Vessel and Trachea Views
Authors: Wiechec Marcin , Knafel Anna , Nocun Agnieszka
Published: March 2015

Objectives

The first goal of this study was to analyze the diagnostic performance of the 4‐chamber view, 3‐vessel and trachea view, and their combination in color mapping during early cardiac evaluations for selecting cases suspicious of congenital heart defects. The second goal was to describe the most common abnormal flow patterns at the levels of the 4‐chamber and 3‐vessel and trachea views in the late first trimester.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational study in which a simple cardiac sonographic protocol was applied in fetuses at gestational ages of 11 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days.

Results

A total of 1084 patients with known postnatal or autopsy findings were included in the study. The median maternal age was 32.3 years (range, 27–40 years). The median crown‐rump length was 62.2 mm (range, 45–84 mm). Overall, there were 35 cases with a confirmed congenital heart defect (3.22%), including 16 accompanied by aneuploidy. We found that our simple first‐trimester cardiac protocol was an effective screening method for congenital heart defects. The most effective approach of the 3 evaluated by us was the combined application of the 4‐chamber and 3‐vessel and trachea views in color mapping compared to the 4‐chamber and 3‐vessel and trachea views alone. We defined the most common ventricular inflow patterns and the V sign. The technique we used was simple and easy to reproduce.

Conclusions

We confirmed that evaluation by two basic cardiac views allows for selection of most cases with a univentricular heart, atrioventricular septal defects, coarctation of the aorta, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary atresia, and conotruncal defects.
Cesarean Scar Pregnancies
Authors: Timor-Tritsch Ilan E. , Khatib Nizar , Monteagudo Ana , Ramos Joanne , Berg Robert , Kovács Sándor
Published: March 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the management, clinical courses, and outcomes of cesarean scar pregnancies diagnosed in the first trimester.

Methods

We identified 60 cases of cesarean scar pregnancies diagnosed between 5 and 14 weeks. Group A contained 48 patients with fetal/embryonic cardiac activity; group B comprised 12 patients without cardiac activity; and group C included 11 patients with cardiac activity who chose expectant management.

Results

Five of the 48 patients (10.4%) in group A were successfully treated for vaginal bleeding. Thirty‐three (68.7%) received methotrexate injections, and all had full resolution. Three (6.3%) required uterine artery embolization for late‐developing arteriovenous malformations. Ten of the 12 patients (83.3%) in group B were managed expectantly and had full recovery. Two of the 10 (20.0%) had arteriovenous malformations; 1 had unsuccessful uterine artery embolization followed by a hysterectomy, and the second requested a hysterectomy. Ten of the 11 patients (90.9%) in group C continued the pregnancies. One declined local injection. Four of the 10 (40.0%) delivered live offspring by successive elective cesarean deliveries. Three (30.0%) had hysterectomies for placenta percreta, and 1 did not have a hysterectomy after delivery. Five (50%) had second‐trimester complications, all leading to hysterectomies. Of the 60 patients, 20 (33.3%) had serious complications: 5 had arteriovenous malformations; 4 had uterine artery embolization; and 11 had hysterectomies.

Conclusions

A cesarean scar pregnancy is a serious complication for patients who have had cesarean deliveries. Counseling, treatment, and follow‐up are challenging for patients and caregivers. However, emerging data from different management approaches confirm that a cesarean scar pregnancy may progress and result in a live neonate at the expense of further fertility. This study confirmed that expectant management of a cesarean scar pregnancy is associated with a high risk of hysterectomy due to morbidly adherent placenta.
Biopsy Versus Conservative Management of Sonographically Benign‐Appearing Solid Breast Masses in Adolescents
Authors: Jawahar Anugayathri , Vade Aruna , Ward Kathleen , Okur Gokcan , Subbaiah Perla
Published: March 2015

Objectives

To determine whether the size of palpable solid breast masses in adolescents at initial sonography and their growth at follow‐up sonography could be used to decide between conservative management and tissue biopsy.

Methods

This retrospective study included 37 adolescent female patients with 45 palpable benign‐appearing solid breast masses on initial sonography. They were grouped as follows: group I, masses undergoing follow‐up sonography with subsequent biopsy (n = 9); group II, masses undergoing biopsy without follow‐up sonography (n = 13); and group III, masses undergoing follow‐up sonography without biopsy (n = 23). The largest dimension, volume, volume change per month, and change in the sonographic appearance were analyzed to predict the need for biopsy. A combination of a largest dimension greater than 3 cm and volume change per month greater than 16% was used to assess the need for biopsy. Sonograms of 22 masses were correlated with histopathologic diagnoses.

Results

None of the masses that underwent follow‐up sonography showed changes in their sonographic appearance. All masses that underwent biopsy were benign on histopathologic analysis. There was no significant difference in the largest dimension among the groups at initial sonography or between groups I and III at follow‐up sonography. The volume change was smaller for fibroadenomas (n = 7; mean, 22.67%) than benign phyllodes tumors (n = 2; mean, 45.30%) in group I, but the difference was not significant (P = .384). However, the volume change for groups I and III showed a significant difference (P = .026). Neither size greater than 3 cm nor volume change greater than 16% predicted pathologic outcomes.

Conclusions

If the combined criteria for assessing benignity of palpable breast masses had been used, biopsy could have been reduced by 89% in group I and deemed not necessary in 96% of group III breast masses.