bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tribbles-1: a novel regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism in humans
Authors: Bauer Robert C. , Yenilmez Batuhan O. , Rader Daniel J.
Published: October 2015

The protein tribbles-1, encoded by the gene TRIB1, is increasingly recognized as a major regulator of multiple cellular and physiological processes in humans. Recent human genetic studies, as well as molecular biological approaches, have implicated this intriguing protein in the aetiology of multiple human diseases, including myeloid leukaemia, Crohn's disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidaemia and coronary artery disease (CAD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have repeatedly identified variants at the genomic TRIB1 locus as being significantly associated with multiple plasma lipid traits and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. The involvement of TRIB1 in hepatic lipid metabolism has been validated through viral-mediated hepatic overexpression of the gene in mice; increasing levels of TRIB1 decreased plasma lipids in a dose-dependent manner. Additional studies have implicated TRIB1 in the regulation of hepatic lipogenesis and NAFLD. The exact mechanisms of TRIB1 regulation of both plasma lipids and hepatic lipogenesis remain undetermined, although multiple signalling pathways and transcription factors have been implicated in tribbles-1 function. Recent reports have been aimed at developing TRIB1-based lipid therapeutics. In summary, tribbles-1 is an important modulator of human energy metabolism and metabolic syndromes and worthy of future studies aimed at investigating its potential as a therapeutic target.
A Quasi-Universal Nonword Repetition Task as a Diagnostic Tool for Bilingual Children Learning Dutch as a Second Language
Authors: Boerma Tessel , Chiat Shula , Leseman Paul , Timmermeister Mona , Wijnen Frank , Blom Elma
Published: October 2015

Purpose

This study evaluated a newly developed quasi-universal nonword repetition task (Q-U NWRT) as a diagnostic tool for bilingual children with language impairment (LI) who have Dutch as a 2nd language. The Q-U NWRT was designed to be minimally influenced by knowledge of 1 specific language in contrast to a language-specific NWRT with which it was compared.

Method

One hundred twenty monolingual and bilingual children with and without LI participated (30 per group). A mixed-design analysis of variance was used to investigate the effects of LI and bilingualism on the NWRTs. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted to evaluate the instruments' diagnostic value.

Results

Large negative effects of LI were found on both NWRTs, whereas negative effects of bilingualism only occurred on the language-specific NWRT. Both instruments had high clinical accuracy in the monolingual group, but only the Q-U NWRT had high clinical accuracy in the bilingual group.

Conclusions

This study indicates that the Q-U NWRT is a promising diagnostic tool to help identify LI in bilingual children learning Dutch as a 2nd language. The instrument was clinically accurate in both a monolingual and bilingual group of children and seems better able to disentangle LI from language disadvantage than more language-specific measures.
Robust and fast non‐singular terminal sliding mode control for piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Al‐Ghanimi Ali , Zheng Jinchuan , Man Zhihong
Published: October 2015

Piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) are essential elements in many systems that require high precision and accuracy. However, the difficulty with the use of PEAs is their actuator uncertainties including the highly non‐linear behaviour which is a consequence of the hysteresis property inherently within PEAs. Therefore, a robust control system is essential for such actuators. This study proposes a systematic control method that utilises a fast non‐singular terminal sliding mode (FNTSM) for PEAs. Unlike the conventional sliding mode (CSM), the FNTSM control method is characterised by chatter free. Besides, a zero error convergence can be guaranteed in finite time in the presence of disturbance and system uncertainties. The design of the FNTSM control is based on the bounded information of parametric uncertainties. The feedback velocity is provided for the FNTSM controller by using the a model‐free velocity estimator. Theoretical analysis and experimental results reveal that the FNTSM controller can achieve faster and higher precision performance in comparison with either a CSM or a linear controller.
Quick and effective multiple contingency screening algorithm based on long‐tailed distribution
Authors: Long Cheng , You Dahai , Hu Jin , Wang Gang , Dong Meiling
Published: October 2015

This study proposes a quick and effective algorithm for screening severe N − 2 contingency, thus avoiding exhausting analysis of all conceivable N − 2 contingencies. First, the index of overload contribution rate (OCR) is developed on the basis of distribution factor, which is discovered to be long‐tailed distributed by statistics. Then, by fully exploiting the discovered feature, the so‐called technique of combination of partitioned data sets (TCPDS) is designed and described. The core of the contingency screening algorithm is to apply the TCPDS to the OCR. Moreover, an index system is established to evaluate the proposed algorithm. Finally, the proposed algorithm is proved to be effective and efficient by the index system when applied to some practical power systems.
Fast and robust voltage control of DC–DC boost converter by using fast terminal sliding mode controller
Authors: Yazici İrfan , Yaylaci Ersagun Kürşat
Published: October 2015

In this study, a fast terminal sliding‐mode control scheme is proposed as a new approach for the voltage tracking control of the DC–DC boost converter affected by disturbances, such as the variations in the input voltage and the load resistance. Some experiments are performed on a test bench to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The fast reference tracking capability with small overshoot and robustness to the disturbances of the designed controller is verified by the experimental results. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the proposed controller has a better performance related to conventional sliding mode and proportional–integral controllers in terms of the settling time and robustness to the disturbances.
Identifying wind power ramp causes from multivariate datasets: a methodological proposal and its application to reanalysis data
Authors: Gallego‐Castillo Cristobal , Garcia‐Bustamante Elena , Cuerva Alvaro , Navarro Jorge
Published: October 2015

Forecasting abrupt variations in wind power generation (the so‐called ramps) helps achieve large scale wind power integration. One of the main issues to be confronted when addressing wind power ramp forecasting is the way in which relevant information is identified from large datasets to optimally feed forecasting models. To this end, an innovative methodology oriented to systematically relate multivariate datasets to ramp events is presented. The methodology comprises two stages: the identification of relevant features in the data and the assessment of the dependence between these features and ramp occurrence. As a test case, the proposed methodology was employed to explore the relationships between atmospheric dynamics at the global/synoptic scales and ramp events experienced in two wind farms located in Spain. The achieved results suggested different connection degrees between these atmospheric scales and ramp occurrence. For one of the wind farms, it was found that ramp events could be partly explained from regional circulations and zonal pressure gradients. To perform a comprehensive analysis of ramp underlying causes, the proposed methodology could be applied to datasets related to other stages of the wind‐to‐power conversion chain.
Large third-order nonlinear refractive index coefficient based on gold nanoparticle aggregate films
Authors: Bai Songang , Li Qiang , Zhang Han , Chen Xingxing , Luo Si , Gong Hanmo , Yang Yuanqing , Zhao Ding , Qiu Min
Published: October 2015

Au nanoparticles show large third-order nonlinear effect and ultra-fast response. Here a high nonlinear aggregate film based on self-assembled gold nanoparticles is reported and its third-order nonlinear refractive index coefficient is measured by Z-scan experiment. The third-order nonlinear refractive index coefficient of the Au nanoparticle aggregate film (γ1 = 9.2 × 10−9 cm2/W) is found to be larger than that of an 8-nm-thick sputtered Au film (γ2 = 6.5 × 10−9 cm2/W). This large nonlinear effect can be attributed to the strong field enhancement due to localized plasmon resonances between Au nanoparticles. The result shows that the self-assembled Au nanoparticle aggregate film could be a promising candidate as a third-order nonlinear optical material.
Water network-mediated, electron-induced proton transfer in [C5H5N ⋅ (H2O)n]− clusters
Authors: DeBlase Andrew F. , Wolke Conrad T. , Weddle Gary H. , Archer Kaye A. , Jordan Kenneth D. , Kelly John T. , Tschumper Gregory S. , Hammer Nathan I. , Johnson Mark A.
Published: October 2015

The role of proton-assisted charge accommodation in electron capture by a heterocyclic electron scavenger is investigated through theoretical analysis of the vibrational spectra of cold, gas phase [Py ⋅ (H2O)n=3−5]− clusters. These radical anions are formed when an excess electron is attached to water clusters containing a single pyridine (Py) molecule in a supersonic jet ion source. Under these conditions, the cluster ion distribution starts promptly at n = 3, and the photoelectron spectra, combined with vibrational predissociation spectra of the Ar-tagged anions, establish that for n > 3, these species are best described as hydrated hydroxide ions with the neutral pyridinium radical, PyH(0), occupying one of the primary solvation sites of the OH−. The n = 3 cluster appears to be a special case where charge localization on Py and hydroxide is nearly isoenergetic, and the nature of this species is explored with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations of the trajectories that start from metastable arrangements of the anion based on a diffuse, essentially dipole-bound electron. These calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds via a relatively slow rearrangement of the water network to create a favorable hydration configuration around the water molecule that eventually donates a proton to the Py nitrogen atom to yield the product hydroxide ion. The correlation between the degree of excess charge localization and the evolving shape of the water network revealed by this approach thus provides a microscopic picture of the “solvent coordinate” at the heart of a prototypical proton-coupled electron transfer reaction.
Statically screened ion potential and Bohm potential in a quantum plasma
Authors: Moldabekov Zhandos , Schoof Tim , Ludwig Patrick , Bonitz Michael , Ramazanov Tlekkabul
Published: October 2015

The effective potential Φ of a classical ion in a weakly correlated quantum plasma in thermodynamic equilibrium at finite temperature is well described by the random phase approximation screened Coulomb potential. Additionally, collision effects can be included via a relaxation time ansatz (Mermin dielectric function). These potentials are used to study the quality of various statically screened potentials that were recently proposed by Shukla and Eliasson (SE) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 165007 (2012)], Akbari-Moghanjoughi (AM) [Phys. Plasmas 22, 022103 (2015)], and Stanton and Murillo (SM) [Phys. Rev. E 91, 033104 (2015)] starting from quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) theory. Our analysis reveals that the SE potential is qualitatively different from the full potential, whereas the SM potential (at any temperature) and the AM potential (at zero temperature) are significantly more accurate. This confirms the correctness of the recently derived [Michta et al., Contrib. Plasma Phys. 55, 437 (2015)] pre-factor 1/9 in front of the Bohm term of QHD for fermions.
Design of exchange-correlation functionals through the correlation factor approach
Authors: Pavlíková Přecechtělová Jana , Bahmann Hilke , Kaupp Martin , Ernzerhof Matthias
Published: October 2015

The correlation factor model is developed in which the spherically averaged exchange-correlation hole of Kohn-Sham theory is factorized into an exchange hole model and a correlation factor. The exchange hole model reproduces the exact exchange energy per particle. The correlation factor is constructed in such a manner that the exchange-correlation energy correctly reduces to exact exchange in the high density and rapidly varying limits. Four different correlation factor models are presented which satisfy varying sets of physical constraints. Three models are free from empirical adjustments to experimental data, while one correlation factor model draws on one empirical parameter. The correlation factor models are derived in detail and the resulting exchange-correlation holes are analyzed. Furthermore, the exchange-correlation energies obtained from the correlation factor models are employed to calculate total energies, atomization energies, and barrier heights. It is shown that accurate, non-empirical functionals can be constructed building on exact exchange. Avenues for further improvements are outlined as well.
Acoustic beam splitting in two-dimensional phononic crystals using self-collimation effect
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Fugen , Zhong Huilin , Yao Yuanwei , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2015

We propose two models of self-collimation-based beam splitters in phononic crystals. The finite element method is used to investigate the propagation properties of acoustic waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals. The calculated results show that the efficiency of the beam splitter can be controlled systematically by varying the radius of the rods or by changing the orientation of the square rods in the line defect. The effect of changing the side length of the square rods on acoustic wave propagation is discussed. The results show that the total transmission/reflection range decreases/increases as the side length increases. We also find that the relationship between the orientation of the transflective point and the side length of the square rods is quasi-linear.
The design and implementation of a multi-waveform radar echo simulator
Authors: Quan Yinghui , Gao Xiaoxiao , Li Yachao , Xing Mengdao
Published: October 2015

Radar simulator is an effective tool for performance assessment of radar systems by accurately reproducing echo signals from complicated environment. This paper presents a design of fast multi-waveform radar echo generation based on deconvolution method. First, scene information is retrieved from outfield data based on improved conjugate gradient algorithm. Then, the new radar echoes are generated through convolution of new transmitted signal and restored scene information. A fast and area-efficient field programmable gate array realization is provided to meet the real-time requirement of radar echo simulation. Finally, a series of experiments are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed radar simulation instrument.
Continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy for velocity distribution measurements in plasma
Authors: McCarren D. , Scime E.
Published: October 2015

We report the development of a continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopic (CW-CRDS) diagnostic for real-time, in situ measurement of velocity distribution functions of ions and neutral atoms in plasma. This apparatus is less complex than conventional CW-CRDS systems. We provide a detailed description of the CW-CRDS apparatus as well as measurements of argon ions and neutrals in a high-density (109 cm−3 < plasma density <1013 cm−3) plasma. The CW-CRDS measurements are validated through comparison with laser induced fluorescence measurements of the same absorbing states of the ions and neutrals.
The critical intensity of Alfvén waves for electron-cyclotron maser to favor the O-mode emission
Authors: Zhao G. Q. , Feng H. Q. , Wu D. J.
Published: October 2015

The presence of Alfvén waves (AWs) has been found to significantly affect electron-cyclotron maser (ECM), which is a powerful emission mechanism in astrophysical plasmas. A conventional ECM driven by power-law electrons with a lower-energy cutoff generally prefers X-mode emission to O-mode. In particular, the ECM possibly favors O-mode because it is dependent on the relative intensity of the present AWs, ξ=Bw2/B02, where Bw and B0 are the field strength of AWs and the ambient magnetic field, respectively. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively investigates the critical relative intensity of AWs, above which the ECM becomes to favor the O-mode emission. It is found that the critical intensity depends on velocity distribution function features of energetic electrons, as well as on ambient plasma parameters. In principle, the critical intensity is in the order of ξ ∼ 10−2 for power-law electrons with a lower energy cutoff, when the fundamental wave in X-mode is suppressed. Moreover, the incorporation of the loss cone distribution caused by the magnetic mirror effect can considerably lower the critical intensity of AWs. This study contributes to the understanding of solar type I radio storm emissions, which are dominated by the O-mode.
Observation and numerical modeling of chromospheric evaporation during the impulsive phase of a solar flare
Authors: Imada Shinsuke , Murakami Izumi , Watanabe Tetsuya
Published: October 2015

We have studied the chromospheric evaporation flow during the impulsive phase of the flare by using the Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer observation and 1D hydrodynamic numerical simulation coupled to the time-dependent ionization. The observation clearly shows that the strong redshift can be observed at the base of the flaring loop only during the impulsive phase. We performed two different numerical simulations to reproduce the strong downflows in FeXII and FeXV during the impulsive phase. By changing the thermal conduction coefficient, we carried out the numerical calculation of chromospheric evaporation in the thermal conduction dominant regime (conductivity coefficient κ0 = classical value) and the enthalpy flux dominant regime (κ0 = 0.1 × classical value). The chromospheric evaporation calculation in the enthalpy flux dominant regime could reproduce the strong redshift at the base of the flare during the impulsive phase. This result might indicate that the thermal conduction can be strongly suppressed in some cases of flare. We also find that time-dependent ionization effect is important to reproduce the strong downflows in Fe XII and Fe XV.
Improvement of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction by introducing a Ta buffer layer
Authors: Kim Nam-Hui , Han Dong-Soo , Jung Jinyong , Cho Jaehun , Kim June-Seo , Swagten Henk J. M. , You Chun-Yeol
Published: October 2015

We report systematic measurements of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) by employing Brillouin light scattering in Pt/Co/AlOx and Ta/Pt/Co/AlOx structures. By introducing a tantalum buffer layer, the saturation magnetization and the interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are significantly improved due to the better interface between heavy metal and ferromagnetic layer. From the frequency shift between Stokes- and anti-Stokes spin-waves, we successively obtain considerably larger iDM energy densities (Dmax = 1.65 ± 0.13 mJ/m2 at tCo = 1.35 nm) upon adding the Ta buffer layer, despite the nominally identical interface materials. Moreover, the energy density shows an inverse proportionality with the Co layer thickness, which is the critical clue that the observed iDMI is indeed originating from the interface between the Pt and Co layers.
Note: Fabrication of a fast-response and user-friendly environmental chamber for atomic force microscopes
Authors: Ji Yanfeng , Hui Fei , Shi Yuanyuan , Han Tingting , Song Xiaoxue , Pan Chengbin , Lanza Mario
Published: October 2015

The atomic force microscope is one of the most widespread tools in science, but many suppliers do not provide a competitive solution to make experiments in controlled atmospheres. Here, we provide a solution to this problem by fabricating a fast-response and user-friendly environmental chamber. We corroborate the correct functioning of the chamber by studying the formation of local anodic oxidation on a silicon sample (biased under opposite polarities), an effect that can be suppressed by measuring in a dry nitrogen atmosphere. The usefulness of this chamber goes beyond the example here presented, and it could be used in many other fields of science, including physics, mechanics, microelectronics, nanotechnology, medicine, and biology.
Broadband nanophotonic waveguides and resonators based on epitaxial GaN thin films
Authors: Bruch Alexander W. , Xiong Chi , Leung Benjamin , Poot Menno , Han Jung , Tang Hong X.
Published: October 2015

We demonstrate broadband, low loss optical waveguiding in single crystalline GaN grown epitaxially on c-plane sapphire wafers through a buffered metal-organic chemical vapor phase deposition process. High Q optical microring resonators are realized in near infrared, infrared, and near visible regimes with intrinsic quality factors exceeding 50 000 at all the wavelengths we studied. TEM analysis of etched waveguide reveals growth and etch-induced defects. Reduction of these defects through improved material and device processing could lead to even lower optical losses and enable a wideband photonic platform based on GaN-on-sapphire material system.
Convergent ablation measurements of plastic ablators in gas-filled rugby hohlraums on OMEGA
Authors: Casner A. , Jalinaud T. , Masse L. , Galmiche D.
Published: October 2015

Indirect-drive implosions experiments were conducted on the Omega Laser Facility to test the performance of uniformly doped plastic ablators for Inertial Confinement Fusion. The first convergent ablation measurements in gas-filled rugby hohlraums are reported. Ignition relevant limb velocities in the range from 150 to 300 μm.ns−1 have been reached by varying the laser drive energy and the initial capsule aspect ratio. The measured capsule trajectory and implosion velocity are in good agreement with 2D integrated simulations and a zero-dimensional modeling of the implosions. We demonstrate experimentally the scaling law for the maximum implosion velocity predicted by the improved rocket model [Y. Saillard, Nucl. Fusion 46, 1017 (2006)] in the high-ablation regime case.
Large tropical fishes and their use of the nearshore littoral, intertidal and subtidal habitat mosaic
Authors: Adkins Merritt E. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Tobin Andrew J.
Published: October 2015

Shallow-coastal habitats are highly productive environments supporting a diverse community of fishes. Historical research suggests these habitats primarily function to support and nurture juvenile fishes; however, contemporary research indicates large and mature fishes also utilise these habitats. Moreover, few studies have considered the continuous cross-shore nature (i.e. extending seaward) of shallow-coastal habitats consisting of conjoined littoral, intertidal and subtidal habitats. To investigate the community of large-bodied fishes (>200mm) and how they distribute themselves across a mosaic of littoral, intertidal and subtidal habitats, seasonal sampling was conducted over 1 year in north-eastern Australia. A total of 1119 individuals from 26 families and 36 species were sampled, though four families accounted for 79.1% of the total sample (Latidae, Polynemidae, Ariidae and Carcharhinidae). The littoral and subtidal communities differed significantly from each other, whereas the intertidal community shared some species-specific characteristics with both adjacent fish communities. Teleosts were the dominant group in the littoral and intertidal habitats, whereas sharks dominated the subtidal. These patterns are likely driven by a combination of biological and ecological processes; however, further research is necessary to better understand the role of these processes on shaping the large-bodied fish communities of shallow-coastal waters.
Comparison of life histories of two deep-water sharks from eastern Australia: the piked spurdog and the Philippine spurdog
Authors: Rigby Cassandra L. , Daley Ross K. , Simpfendorfer Colin A.
Published: October 2015

Deep-water sharks have low biological productivity and are vulnerable to exploitation with species-specific regional life history required to enable effective management. The present study describes the life history of two squalids collected from Australia: (1) the piked spurdog (Squalus megalops) from the tropical Great Barrier Reef; and (2) the Philippine spurdog (S. montalbani) from New South Wales. Maximum observed ages for males and females were 18 and 25 years for S. megalops and 28 and 27 years for S. montalbani. Multiple growth models were all well supported and indicated very slow growth rates for both species. The tropical S. megalops population was smaller and older at maturity than previously reported temperate populations. Males were mature at 352-mm stretched total length (LST) and 12.6 years, whereas females were mature at 422mm LST and 19.1 years. Squalus montalbani males were mature at 700mm LST and 21.8 years, whereas females were mature at 800mm LST and 26 years. Fecundity was lower for S. megalops than S. montalbani with two to three compared with nine to 16 embryos. Both species have a conservative life history, although in the event of overfishing the longer-lived, later-maturing and deeper-dwelling S. montalbani is likely to take longer to recover than S. megalops.
A complexity classification of spin systems with an external field
Authors: Goldberg Leslie Ann , Jerrum Mark
Published: October 2015

Significance

Spin systems are a primary object of study in statistical physics. Computational complexity is the rigorous study of the computational resources required to achieve specified computational goals. We examine the problem of estimating the partition function of a
q
-state spin system from the point of view of computational complexity. There are just three possible levels of computational difficulty, depending on the interaction strengths between adjacent spins. Every nontrivial
q
-state spin system, irrespective of the number
q
of spins, is computationally equivalent to one of two fundamental two-state spin systems. We give a simple characterization of the classification.
Fusion with pep-1, a cell-penetrating peptide, enhances the transmembrane ability of human epidermal growth factor
Authors: Luo Xue-Gang , Ma De-Yun , Wang Yue , Li Wen , Wang Chong-Xi , He Ying-Ying , Gu Xiang-Chao , Li Xiu-Mei , Zhou Hao , Zhang Tong-Cun
Published: October 2015

Administration of macromolecule compositions in medicine and cosmetics always exhibited low bioavailability due to the limitation of transmembrane transport. Here, human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) was fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Pep-1, the first commercial cell-penetrating peptide, in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein was firstly purified with the affinity chromatography, and then the GST tag was released by TEV protease. Final purification was achieved by the ion exchange chromatography. The biological activities and the transmembrane ability of the obtained products were determined using scratch wound-healing assay, MTT analysis, and immunofluorescence assay. The results showed that both rhEGF and Pep-1-fused hEGF were soluble expressed in E. coli. The fusion of Pep-1 could markedly increase the transmembrane ability of EGF, whereas it did not interfere with the growth-stimulating and migration-promoting functions of hEGF on fibroblasts. This research provided a novel strategy for the transmembrane transport of protein-derived cosmetics or drugs.
Analysis and characterization of anthocyanins and carotenoids in Japanese blue tomato
Authors: Ooe Emi , Ogawa Kenjirou , Horiuchi Tadashi , Tada Hiroyuki , Murase Hiromi , Tsuruma Kazuhiro , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Hara Hideaki
Published: October 2015

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is rich in anthocyanins, which are polyphenolic pigments. This study aimed to analyze and characterize the anthocyanin composition in cultivated blue tomato in Japan. The extracts of peel, seed, and pulp of tomatoes were purified following which anthocyanins and lycopene contents were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Eleven types of anthocyanins were identified, including delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin. Further, the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins was evaluated using 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical quenching assays and electron spin resonance. “Blue tomato” extracts exert antioxidant activity. Thus, we showed that petunidin was present in the “blue tomato” peel while lycopene was present in the peel and pulp. Additionally, the blue tomato peel extract was found to significantly inhibit H2O2-induced cell death in vitro. This is the first study on cell protective effects of Japanese blue tomato extract and petunidin in murine photoreceptor cells.
Classification of discrete series by minimal 𝐾-type
Authors: Parthasarathy Rajagopalan
Published: October 2015

Following the proof by Hecht and Schmid of Blattner’s conjecture forKKmultiplicities of representations belonging to the discrete series it turned out that some results which were earlier known with some hypothesis on the Harish-Chandra parameter of the discrete series representation could be extended removing those hypotheses. For example this was so for the geometric realization problem. Occasionally a few other results followed by first proving them for Harish-Chandra parameters which are sufficiently regular and then using Zuckerman translation functors, wall crossing methods, etc. Recently, Hongyu He raised the question (private communication) of whether the characterization of a discrete series representation by its lowestKK-type, which was proved by this author and R. Hotta with some hypothesis on the Harish-Chandra parameter of the discrete series representations, can be extended toalldiscrete series representations excluding none, using a combination of these powerful techniques. In this article we will answer this question using Dirac operator methods and a result of Susana Salamanca-Riba.
Dimensions of projections of sets on Riemannian surfaces of constant curvature
Authors: Balogh Zoltán , Iseli Annina
Published: October 2015

We apply the theory of Peres and Schlag to obtain generic lower bounds for Hausdorff dimension of images of sets by orthogonal projections on simply connected two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds of constant curvature. As a conclusion we obtain appropriate versions of Marstrand’s theorem, Kaufman’s theorem, and Falconer’s theorem in the above geometrical settings.
A Bernstein result and counterexample for entire solutions to Donaldson’s equation
Authors: Warren Micah
Published: October 2015

We show that convex entire solutions to Donaldson’s equation are quadratic, using a result of Weiyong He. We also exhibit entire solutions to the Donaldson equation that are not of the form discussed by He. In the process we discover some nontrivial entire solutions to complex Monge-Ampère equations.
Ulrich ideals and almost Gorenstein rings
Authors: Goto Shiro , Takahashi Ryo , Taniguchi Naoki
Published: October 2015

The structure of the complex

R

H
o
m

R

(
R

/

I
,
R
)

\mathrm {\textbf {R}Hom}_R(R/I,R)

is explored for an Ulrich ideal

I
I

in a Cohen–Macaulay local ring

R
R

. As a consequence, it is proved that in a one-dimensional almost Gorenstein but non-Gorenstein local ring, the only possible Ulrich ideal is the maximal ideal. It is also studied when Ulrich ideals have the same minimal number of generators.
Uniform bounds for strongly 𝐹-regular surfaces
Authors: Cascini Paolo , Gongyo Yoshinori , Schwede Karl
Published: October 2015

We show that if

(
X
,
B
)

(X,B)

is a two dimensional Kawamata log terminal pair defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic

p
p

, and

p
p

is sufficiently large, depending only on the coefficients of

B
B

, then

(
X
,
B
)

(X,B)

is also strongly

F
F

-regular.
Pathophysiological role of oxidative stress in systolic and diastolic heart failure and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Münzel Thomas , Gori Tommaso , Keaney John F. , Maack Christoph , Daiber Andreas
Published: October 2015

Systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction has been demonstrated to be associated with an activation of the circulating and local renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), and with a subsequent inappropriately increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While, at low concentrations, ROS modulate important physiological functions through changes in cellular signalling and gene expression, overproduction of ROS may adversely alter cardiac mechanics, leading to further worsening of systolic and diastolic function. In addition, vascular endothelial dysfunction due to uncoupling of the nitric oxide synthase, activation of vascular and phagocytic membrane oxidases or mitochondrial oxidative stress may lead to increased vascular stiffness, further compromising cardiac performance in afterload-dependent hearts. In the present review, we address the potential role of ROS in the pathophysiology of myocardial and vascular dysfunction in heart failure (HF) and their therapeutic targeting. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying the failure of antioxidant vitamins in improving patients’ prognosis, the impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or AT1 receptor blockers on oxidative stress, and the mechanism of the benefit of combination of hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate. Further, we provide evidence supporting the existence of differences in the pathophysiology of HF with preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction and whether targeting mitochondrial ROS might be a particularly interesting therapeutic option for patients with preserved ejection fraction.
Evaluating and Managing the Risk of Violence in Clinical Practice with Adults
Authors: Murrie Daniel C. , Kelley Sharon
Published: October 2015

Although concerns about violence risk emerge regularly in routine clinical practice, many clinicians feel underprepared to assess and manage violence risk. One problem is that the rich knowledge base underlying violence risk assessment has largely remained in the specialties of forensic psychology and psychiatry, where it has been less familiar to clinicians in general practice. In this chapter we review the legal and ethical parameters that guide clinician appraisals of violence risk, and then we summarize the foundational knowledge and techniques—from both the forensic psychology approach and the emerging field of threat assessment. By integrating basic knowledge and practices from these specialized disciplines, clinicians can more comfortably incorporate violence risk assessment and management into their routine care for patients, better infuse risk assessment into the start of treatment, monitor risk over the course of treatment, and respond appropriately to any threats of violence that emerge.
Neurobiology of Impulsive Aggression
Authors: Fanning Jennifer R. , Coccaro Emil F.
Published: October 2015

Aggression is a behavior with evolutionary origins, but in today’s society it’s often both destructive and maladaptive. The fact that aggression has a strong basis in biological factors has long been apparent from case histories of traumatic brain damage. Research over the past several decades has confirmed the involvement of neurotransmitter function and abnormalities in brain structure and function in aggressive behavior. This research has centered around the “serotonin hypothesis” and on dysfunction in prefrontal brain regions. As this literature continues to grow, guided by preclinical research and aided by the application of increasingly sophisticated neuroimaging methodology, a more complex picture has emerged, implicating diverse neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems (e.g., glutamate, vasopressin, and oxytocin) and neural circuits. As the current pharmacological and therapeutic interventions are effective but imperfect, it is hoped that new insights into the neurobiology of aggression will reveal novel avenues for treatment of this destructive and costly behavior.
Hume’s Skeptical Logic of Induction
Authors: Winkler Kenneth P.
Published: October 2015

For Hume, one task of logic is “to explain the principles and operations of our reasoning faculties”; this chapter is a study of his logic of inductive reasoning, as presented in Book I of his Treatise and in the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. Like other early modern logics—especially those composed, as Hume’s was, under the influence of Locke—Hume’s logic is descriptive, explanatory, and normative. It also aspires to be revelatory. It is descriptive in documenting how our reasoning actually proceeds, explanatory in telling us why it so proceeds, normative in telling us how it should proceed, and revelatory in using those findings to arrive at larger truths about human nature and human life. Hume formulates rules of inductive reasoning and ranks inductive arguments as better and worse. He also advocates the reform of intellectual disciplines. Yet his logic, it is argued, is at the same time deeply skeptical.
The IFAO Excavations at Deir el-Medina
Authors: Gobeil Cédric
Published: October 2015

Through a thorough examination of the archive kept in the Institut français d’archéologie orientale (the French Archaeological Institute in Cairo; hereafter IFAO), this chapter details the history of the archaeological excavations and other field activities conducted by the Institute at the site of Deir el-Medina since the early 20th century. The chapter focuses in particular on the work of Bernard Bruyère, the central figure of this endeavor. Although the opportunity is given to go through the major discoveries that were made on the site and their contributions to the knowledge of daily life in ancient Egypt, the focus is also put on the photographic archives of Bruyère and on the information that can be drawn from them. A review of the work made after Bruyère is finally detailed, along with a summary of the ongoing activities on the site.
The logic of scientific unity? Medawar, the Royal Society and the Rothschild controversy 1971–72
Authors: Calver Neil , Parker Miles
Published: October 2015

In 1971 Lord (Victor) Rothschild published his report for the government,
The organisation and management of government R&D
, and Sir Peter Medawar launched a campaign for the election of Sir Karl Popper to Fellowship of the Royal Society. We explore these two developments in the contexts of the then current views of the role and purpose of science, and their underpinning philosophy. Although the political battle was won by Rothschild, resulting in major changes to the funding and management of applied R&D, we argue that, despite this, Medawar's campaign for Popper provided an embattled science community with a philosophical basis for defending pure research and the unity of basic and applied science.
List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
Authors: Oren Aharon , Garrity George M.
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. Note that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in the nomenclature of prokaryotes. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.
Micromonospora zhanjiangensis sp. nov., isolated from mangrove forest soil
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Lei , Deng Zixin , Hong Kui
Published: October 2015

A novel actinomycete, designated strain 2902at01Twas isolated from soil collected at a mangrove forest in Zhanjiang, Guangdong province, China. The strain was identified using a polyphasic classification method. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 2902at01Tshowed the highest similarity toMicromonospora equinaY22T(98.3 %) andMicromonospora pattaloongensisTJ2-2T(98.1 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on thegyrBgene sequence also clearly showed that the strain was different from any previously discovered species of the genusMicromonospora. The characteristic whole-cell sugars were ribose and xylose. The cell-wall hydrolysates contained alanine, asparagine, glycine andmeso-diaminopimelic acid. MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H8) were the major menaquinones of the novel strain. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0and iso-C16 : 0.The characteristic polar lipids of strain 2902at01Twere phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 70.2 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization data combined with other physiological and biochemical features could distinguish strain 2902at01Tfrom the reference strainsM. equinaY22TandM. pattaloongensisTJ2-2T. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 2902at01Trepresents a novel species of the genusMicromonospora, for which the nameMicromonospora zhanjiangensissp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2902at01T( = CCTCC AA2014018T = DSM 45902T).
Different patterns of codon usage in the overlapping polymerase and surface genes of hepatitis B virus suggest a de novo origin by modular evolution
Authors: Pavesi Angelo
Published: October 2015

The polymerase (P) and surface (S) genes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) show the longest gene overlap in animal viruses. Gene overlaps originate by the overprinting of a novel frame onto an ancestral pre-existing frame. Identifying which frame is ancestral and which frame is de novo (the genealogy of the overlap) is an appealing topic. However, the P/S overlap of HBV is an intriguing paradox, because both genes are indispensable for virus survival. Thus, the hypothesis of a primordial virus without the surface protein or without the polymerase makes no biological sense. With the aim to determine the genealogy of the overlap, the codon usage of the overlapping frames P and S was compared to that of the non-overlapping region. It was found that the overlap of human HBV had two patterns of codon usage. One was localized in the 5′ one-third of the overlap and the other in the 3′ two-thirds. By extending the analysis to non-human HBVs, it was found that this feature occurred in all hepadnaviruses. Under the assumption that the ancestral frame has a codon usage significantly closer to that of the non-overlapping region than the de novo frame, the ancestral frames in the 5′ and 3′ region of the overlap could be predicted. They were, respectively, frame S and frame P. These results suggest that the spacer domain of the polymerase and the S domain of the surface protein originated de novo by overprinting. They support a modular evolution hypothesis for the origin of the overlap.
Effect of hot-air drying temperature on nutritional components and rehydration rate of sweetpotato leaves
Authors: Jeong Da-Woon , Park Yang-Kyun , Nam Sang-Sik , Han Seon-Kyeong
Published: October 2015

The purpose of the present study is to provide preliminary data for turning sweetpotato leaves into dehydrated vegetables. To achieve this goal, we have gone through the process of hot-air drying the leaves of sweetpotato that are usually thrown away and examined the drying speed and rehydration resilience, then made a comparative analysis of the general ingredients, lutein, β-carotene and chromaticity. The drying speed reached the peak at a temperature of 70°C. As for other general ingredients, there was no significant difference according to temperature. The content of lutein, which is a functional ingredient, was large in Shinmi with 171.59 μg/g at a temperature of 40°C; small in Hayanmi with 73.75 μg/g at a temperature of 70°C. The content of β-carotene was large in Shinmi with 379.59 μg/g at a temperature of 40°C; small in Hayanmi with 170.78 μg/g at a temperature of 70°C. The content of functional materials was the largest at a temperature of 40°C, and decreased in the order of temperatures at 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C. As for rehydration stability, rehydration rate in both Shinmi and Hayanmi was the highest at a temperature of 40°C with 233.93% and 223.47% respectively. To summarize, the quality of dried sweet potato leaf was more affected by temperature than by drying time, and low temperature drying resulted in better product value.
Sinigrin content of different parts of Dolsan leaf mustard
Authors: Oh SunKyung , Kim KiWoong , Bae SangOk , Choi Myeong Rak
Published: October 2015

The aims of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions of sinigrin from Dolsan leaf mustard. Dolsan leaf mustard (Dolsan-eup, Yeosu-si) harvested during at May 2014 was used for sinigrin extraction. After the extraction of sinigrin using 50% CH3CN, 10% NH4Cl, 60% CH2OH, and 70% CH3OH, the sinigrin content was measured by HPLC analysis. The results showed that sinigrin content was highest with 50% CH3CN solvent extraction and UV detector sensitivity was greater at 228 nm rather than at 242 nm. The sinigrin concentrations of leaf, stem and root with 50% CH3CN extraction were 345 ppm, 728 ppm, and 539 ppm, respectively. After extraction of the different parts of Dolsan leaf mustard, The standard retention time by HPLC analysis of sinigrin content was 2.054, 2.032, 2.059, and 2.035 min from the root, stalk, and leaf, respectively. On the other hand, HPLC analysis showed that the leaf extracts contained glucoraphanin, one of glucosinolates. The optimum time and extraction solvent for the sinigrin extraction from Dolsan leaf mustard was found to be 24 hr with 50% CH3CN solvent. In addition, opotimum UV detector k at 228 nm. These results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for Dolsan leaf mustard were 24 hr extraction with 50% CH3CN solvent. In addition, the optimum wavelength of UV detector was determined to be 228 nm for sinigrin analysis. Therefore, this study could provide a useful information for sinigrin extraction and its systematic analysis during the storage.