bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of self-regulation and perceived self-efficacy in adaptation to home-office work during the pandemic
Authors: Kovács Zsuzsa , Kálmán Csaba
Published: December 2021

As a consequence of the unprecedented labor market circumstances that the prolonged Covid-19 pandemic brought about, organizations have faced challenges never seen before. One such challenge was the sudden ubiquity of working from home, which resulted in an intensive learning experience for employees and employers alike. While there is an increasing body of research on working from home in general, the perceived effectiveness of this mode of working is still under-researched. This niche provided the inspiration for us to investigate what factors might influence employees' self-efficacy in working from home arrangements. We conducted a mixed-methods case study by collecting both qualitative and quantitative data from 24 employees of a division of the Hungarian subsidiary of a chemical and consumer goods multinational. The purpose of our investigation was to gain a deeper understanding of perceived self-efficacy and self-regulation during the learning processes that the participants experienced under the new circumstances. Results suggest that the perceived high level of work-efficiency among the employees of the examined division was based on the firmly controlled work-division, trusting managers, as well as supportive and clear communication, which created space for autonomy in the adaptation process. The findings also revealed that self-reflection acted as a predictor of perceived work self-efficacy.
Correlation between milk composition and selected blood indicators of liver function in ewes during lactation
Authors:   University of J. J. Strossmayer, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Department for Animal Production and Biotechnology, 31000 Osijek, Croatia, Antunović Zvonko
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to research correlations between milk composition and selected blood indicators of liver function in ewes during lactation. The research was conducted with samples of milk and blood from Travnik Pramenka ewes (n = 99). Samples were collected in the area of western Slavonia in Croatia from lactating sheep grazing on natural pastures. Chemical composition of sheep milk was analysed as well as biochemical parameters in serum. Positive correlation between ALB: TGC, ALB: ALT, GUK: GGT, CHOL: ALT and AST: GGT was determined, while significant negative correlation was determined between GUK: ALB, GUK: TGC, GUK: ALT, ALB: GGT as well as ALT: GGT. Significant positive correlation was determined between blood and milk indicators, like ALB protein (r = 0.243), ALB: DMNF (r = 0.309) and ALB: SCC (r = 0.249), as well as negative correlation between TGC: MY (r = -0.264), ALT: protein (r = -0.258), lactose: TGC (r = -0.274) and ALT: DMNF (r = -0.234). The relations between indicators of milk composition, milk production and ewes blood indicators as well as their mutual connections indicate the justification of using the analysis of liver status indicators. Accordingly, by using these relations metabolic pathways of liver status indicators could be better monitored, which is important for practice regarding prevention of possible feeding errors and prevention of major production losses while maintaining the health of lactating sheep.
The influence of crossbreeding and LPL genotype on the yield, composition and quality of goat milk
Authors:   Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Quality, Tilžės g. 18, Kaunas, LT 47181, Lithuani, Laučienė Lina
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of crossbreeding and the LPL genotype on goat milk yield, composition and quality indicators. This research was carried out in a herd of pure-breed Saanen, Anglo-Nubian, and crossbred Saanen and Anglo-Nubian goats (n=137) in Lithuania. Saanen x Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats and Saanen had a significantly (P<0.05) higher (34.91% and 16.03%, respectively) milk yield compared to Anglo-Nubian goats. The highest (P<0.05) fat and protein and the lowest (P<0.05) lactose percentages and somatic cell count were found in the milk of Anglo-Nubian goats, compared to Saanen x Anglo-Nubian crossbreds and Saanen goats. The highest (P<0.05) milk yield was determined in the CC genotype of the LPL gene (on average 20.08% higher than in the CG and GG genotypes) of goats. However, the milk yield of the CC genotype was characterised (P<0.05) by the lowest fat, protein and milk urea levels, and the highest amount of lactose compared to the milk of the GG genotype. The study showed that breed and LPL genotype affected goat milk yield and composition and appear to be the valuable biomarkers of the goat selection process.
Consumersʹ attitudes, motives and behaviour towards organic yoghurt in Croatia
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Marketing, Svetošimunska cesta 25 Zagreb, Croatia, Tomić Maksan Marina
Published: December 2021

The organic food market is constantly growing, while organic yoghurt belongs to the category of the best-selling organic products in the dairy products group. The aim of this study was to determine consumer behaviour in the purchase and consumption of organic yoghurt, attitudes concerning organic yoghurt, and motives for organic yoghurt purchase. An online survey was conducted among organic yoghurt buyers. More than a third of respondents buy and consume organic yoghurt two to three times a month. Respondents buy most often organic yoghurt made from cow's milk, in plastic packaging, in supermarkets and specialty stores. The most important motives for buying organic yoghurt are health, nutritional value, and food safety. Respondents have positive attitudes about organic yoghurt. The results of this research are useful for organic food producers, (especially organic yoghurt producers) in planning and improving production, and also for food marketing experts in designing and implementing promotional activities.
The use of the two different mycotoxin deactivators in the nutrition of dairy cows
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Jajić Igor
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different commercial products for mycotoxin deactivation in the dairy cows’ nutrition. The research was done on the 18 dairy cows in the different phase of lactation, with the average production of 14 L of milk per day. The diet contained in average 8 kg of concentrate feed, 10 kg of mixed peas and wheat forage, 4 kg hay of alfalfa and cereal straw ad libitum. Before starting the trials all components of the cows’ ration were analysed for the presence of aflatoxin B1, while cow’s milk was analysed for the presence of aflatoxin M1. In the first phase of the trial cows were fed diet containing aflatoxin B1 at level of 5±0.9 µg/kg, which resulted in the average aflatoxin M1concentration of 181±3.5 ng/kg in the milk. In the second phase of the trail 0.5% of the commercial product 1 (Neozel®) was added into the feed ration of cows and after the period of adaptation, the aflatoxin M1 concentration in milk was measured. In the third phase of the trail 0.3% of the commercial product 2 (miko-Stop 0.3®) was added into the feed ration of cows and also, after the period of adaptation, the concentration of aflatoxin M1 in milk was measured. The last phase was the control phase in which cows were fed diets with aflatoxin B1 (5 µg/kg) without added mycotoxin deactivators. The use of both commercial products for ten days resulted in the reduction of aflatoxin M1 levels for 35.9% and 53.6%, respectively.
Field Research in the Targowisko Region in 2018–2019
Authors:   Łódzka Fundacja Naukowa, Polska, Golański Adam , Kadrow Sławomir ,   Institute of Archaeology, Rzeszów University, Poland, Krzywda Anna
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of test excavations at three sites in the early Neolithic settlement region of Targowisko, carried out in 2018–2019. The goal of these investigations was the detection of fragments of Neolithic settlement zones where only one building phase has survived. It was decided to perform this task using a magnetometer as part of a slightly wider program of geomagnetic prospection. The second goal was to acquire sets of arti- and ecofacts related to the shortest possible period of time, i.e. equal to the existence of one family living in one house, representing one cultural tradition. The third goal was to explain the generators and mechanisms of early Neolithic cultural transformation from a micro-regional perspective.
Pilgrimage Crosses from Explorations of the Parish Church in Końskowola (Lubelskie province)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland, Dobek Mikołaj , Michalik Jakub ,   Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
Published: December 2021

Archaeological explorations carried out inside the crypts of Catholic churches typically deliver a wealth of movable historical artefacts, including numerous devotional objects such as pilgrim souvenirs. During excavation works in the crypts of Końskowola parish church of The Discovery of The Holy Cross and St. Andrew the Apostle, two wooden crosses made of dark wood were found. Looking at the history of devotionalism and the pilgrimage movement, it became possible to define the role of the described objects when they reached Końskowola. Type analysis of the material used in the production of the objects can help in further studies on wooden objects brought to Poland over the centuries.
Building a model of the process of shooting a mobile armored target with directed fragmentation-beam shells in the form of a discrete-continuous stochastic system
Authors: Yakovenko Vadim , Volochiy Bohdan , Sydorenko Yuriy , Furmanova Nataliia , Malyi Oleksandr , Tkachenko Anton , Olshevskyi Yurii
Published: December 2021

This paper describes the process of shooting a mobile armored combat vehicle with directed fragmentation-beam shells as a discrete-continuous random process. Based on this approach, a stochastic model has been proposed in the form of a system of Kolmogorov-Chapman differential equations.
A universal model of the process of defeating a moving armored target with directed fragmentation-beam shells has been built, which would provide preconditions for experimental studies into the effectiveness of various variants of the components of the artillery system for three-shot firing.
The execution of an artillery task is considered as a set of certain procedures characterized by the average value of its duration. They are dependent on the firing phases involving a prospective automatic gun and the explosive destruction of fragmentation-beam shells while the explosive destruction of each shell case is characterized by the self-propagation of the reaction of explosive transformations based on tabular data on the target. An indicator of the functionality of various design options for fragmentation-beam shells is the probability of causing damage by «useful fragments» in the vulnerable compartments of a combat armored vehicle.
Devising universal models for the process of shooting a moving armored vehicle forms preconditions for further full-time experiments in accordance with the design solutions defined as a result of modeling. It is possible to use the developed discrete-continuous stochastic model in other modeling tasks to determine the optimal value of defeat.
As regards the practical application of discrete-continuous stochastic models, one can argue about the possibility of reducing the cost of performing design tasks related to weapons by 25 % and decreasing the likelihood of making mistakes at the stage of system engineering design
Development of a recipe for a «Solodok» multicomponent mixture to improve the quality of pastries
Authors: Bilyk Olena , Burchenko Liudmyla , Kochubei-Lytvynenko Oksana , Bondarenko Yulia
Published: December 2021

The object of research in this work is a baked product enriched with a mixture of sprouted grains, ground cinnamon, apple pectin, dry wheat gluten, ascorbic acid. Pastries occupy an important place in the production and sale of food products and have a high calorie content. To reduce the energy value of pastry products, it is proposed to replace wheat flour in the recipe with a mixture of germinated grains of wheat, oats, barley and corn. In this work, the properties of such mixtures were studied using the example of a mixture of the «CHOICE» company (Ukraine). The mixture of germinated grains of cereals of wheat, oats, barley and corn of this company is rich in dietary fiber, nonessential and irreplaceable amino acids, microelements and macroelements, vitamins.
It has been established that a rational substitution of premium wheat flour for a mixture of germinated grains in the recipe for pastry products is 50 %. Due to the germination process, a large amount of amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes accumulates in cereals, which impair the structural and mechanical properties of the crumb of pastry products, as a result of which the crumb of the product becomes sticky and wrinkled. The work was aimed at developing a multicomponent mixture to improve the quality of pastry products, the formulation of which includes a mixture of germinated grains. A «Solodok» multicomponent mixture has been developed, which has a positive effect on the organoleptic and structural-mechanical properties of the product crumb. The mixture contains safe food additives and ingredients: ground cinnamon, dry wheat gluten, apple pectin, ascorbic acid. It has been established that the introduction of the «Solodok» multicomponent mixture into the dough leads to the replacement of the fermentation process with the stage of sedimentation. The use of a multicomponent mixture leads to an improvement in the organoleptic characteristics of rich products, an increase in the specific volume of products, and an improvement in the development of the porosity of products. Adding a mixture of sprouted grains and a «Solodok» multicomponent mixture leads to a change in the traditional taste, the products acquire a pleasant aftertaste of sprouted cereals and cinnamon. The use of a mixture of germinated grains and a «Solodok» multicomponent mixture in the recipe for pastry products leads to a decrease in the energy value of pastry products in comparison with the control.
Development of decision approval rules in multichannel decision-making systems
Authors: Mulesa Oksana , Bilak Yurii , Kykyna Yevhenii , Ferens Dmytro
Published: December 2021

The research is devoted to the development of rules for the coordination of decisions in multichannel decision-making systems. Systems are considered that in an automated continuous mode process incoming signals from different channels and, on their basis, make the final decision. One of the most problematic stages in the operation of such systems is their own coordination of solutions received from different channels. There may be cases where different channels provide signals with opposite values. Then the choice of the decisive solution should depend on the reliability of the channels under consideration.
The object of research is the processes that take place during the coordination of decisions in multichannel decision-making systems. The development and implementation of such systems will allow in an automated mode to generalize the solution obtained through different channels, to increase the reliability and efficiency of the systems as a whole.
During the study, the following methods were used:
– a systematic approach – when analyzing the structure and functioning of multichannel one-stage decision-making systems;
– method of mathematical modeling – for formalizing the problem of coordinating decisions in multichannel decision-making systems;
– method of analysis – when developing rules for agreeing decisions.
The authors analyzed the structure of a one-stage multichannel decision-making system. The case is considered when the channels, based on the initial data entering the system, decide on the presence or absence of a certain fact. That is, the channels send signals from the set {True, False}.
In the study, decision rules for the coordination of decisions were developed, taking into account not only the signals received from different channels, but also the reliability of the channels themselves. As is usual in decision theory, different rules can give different results for the same initial data. The choice of the decision rule depends on the decision maker, its personal psychological qualities and the scope of the system.
Analysis of the state of creation of robotic complexes for humanitarian demining
Authors: Nevliudov Igor , Yanushkevych Dmytro , Ivanov Leonid
Published: December 2021

The object of research is robotic military complexes used in the system of humanitarian demining. This work aims to study the requirements for robotic military complexes (including manipulators that are sucked into them) and to develop proposals for their use in humanitarian demining. The research is based on the application of a functional approach to the construction of models for the formation of requirements for robotic military complexes (RMC), which are sucked into the system of humanitarian demining. It is established that the creation of RMC requires a significant study of the core of the most important technologies that are needed to create the entire range of promising RMC. Thus the standard sample RMC can be presented in the form of set of functionally connected elements: the basic carrier, the mobile platform, the specialized hinged/built-in equipment in the form of a set of removable modules of useful (target) purpose, means of maintenance and service used at preparation for application and technical operation robot. The composition of specialized equipment is set based on the functional purpose of the RMC. The classification of RMC is given, which provides for their division into three categories: the first generation – controlled devices, the second generation – semi-autonomous devices and the third generation – autonomous devices. The analysis of modern RMC which are developed in Ukraine and the advanced countries of the world and the analysis of structure of components of system of humanitarian demining is carried out. It is established that the organization of the humanitarian demining system with the use of RMC should include of explosive objects (EO) reconnaissance, search, marking, their identification and direct demining. Unmasking signs of EO, as well as modern methods and detectors of EO detection are considered. One of the new promising methods of mine detection is parametric. However, in real application, the most promising is the use of a combination of electromagnetic, optical and mechanical methods. The application of the proposed approaches will increase the efficiency of humanitarian demining and reduce human losses in its implementation.
Improvement of acid solutions for stimulation of compacted high-temperature carbonate collectors
Authors: Zimin Oleh
Published: December 2021

The object of research in this work is the intensification of hydrocarbon production. The most problematic task of the study is the efficiency of intensification of compacted high-temperature carbonate reservoirs. Despite the gradual transition to renewable energy sources, natural gas and oil will play a dominant role in the world's energy balance in the next 20–30 years. Carbonate rocks have significant mining potential, but low filtration properties require intensification to improve reservoir permeability. High temperatures and pressures at great depths require the improvement of existing hydrocarbon production technologies. The most popular method for treating reservoirs containing carbonates is acid treatments in different variations, but for effective treatment it is necessary to achieve deep penetration of the solution into the formation.
The study solves the problem of selection of effective carrier liquids for the preparation of acid solutions for the treatment of compacted high-temperature reservoirs with high carbonate content. To ensure quality treatment, acid solutions must have low viscosity and surface tension coefficient, low reaction rate, their chemical properties must ensure the absence of insoluble precipitates in the process of reactions with fluids and rocks, as well as be environmentally friendly. To select the most optimal carrier liquid, experiments were conducted to determine which candidate liquids provide the minimum reaction rate of acidic solutions with carbonates. Based on the analysis of industrial application data and literature sources, water, nephras, methanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate were selected for further research. Widely studied acetic acid was chosen as the basic acid. Studies have shown that methyl acetate has a number of advantages, namely low reaction rate, low viscosity and surface tension coefficient. As well as the possibility of hydrolysis in the formation with the release of acetic acid, which significantly prolongs the reaction time of the solution with the rock and the depth of penetration of the active solution into the formation.
Geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic composition of the Cha Val plutonic rocks in central Vietnam: Implications for Permian-Triassic Paleo-Tethys subduction-related magmatism
Authors: Pham Minh , Hieu  , Kawaguchi Kenta , Anh  , Phuc
Published: December 2021

together with abundant Permian-Triassic magmatic rocks. This magmatic complex provides important information to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the Indochina block and surrounding areas. The Cha Val plutonic rocks mainly comprise diorite, quartz diorite, and granodiorite. Geochemically, they are metaluminous with low A/CNK (0.49 to 1.16 with an average of 0.85), medium to high K, low to medium SiO2, and Na2O/K2O>1. Trace and rare earth element compositions display enrichment in Cs, U, Pb, and Nd, but depletion in Ba, Nb, Ta, P, Eu, and Ti, similar to those of continental arc-related magmas. Rock-forming minerals of the Cha Val plutonic rocks are characterized by abundant hornblende. All observed petrographical and geochemical characteristics suggest that the Cha Val plutonic rocks are typical for I-type affinity generated from a subduction regime. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon analyses of three representative samples yielded their crystallization ages between 258.0 Ma and 248.9 Ma, temporally coeval with Late Permian-Early Triassic magmatism previously reported in the Truong Son belt. The (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7081 to 0.7244), negative whole-rock εNd(t) values (-4.5 to -2.9), zircon εHf(t) values (-1.04 to 2.71), and whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf model ages (TDM2) (1394 Ma to 1111 Ma) indicate that the Cha Val plutonic rocks are derived from melting of Mesoproterozoic crustal materials with a minor contribution of mantle-derived melt. Together with other Permian-Triassic magmatic complexes along the Song Ma suture zone and the Truong Son Belt, the Cha Val plutonic rocks are a representative of magmatism associated with the subduction-collision that amalgamated the South China and Indochina blocks after the closure of a branch of Paleo-Tethys along the Song Ma suture zone during the Late Permian-Early Triassic Indosinian orogeny.
Research Concerning the Spreading and Controlling of the Species Rubus Caesius L. in the Timiş County
Authors: BĂBUŢ Carmen Daniela , MANEA Dan Nicolae
Published: December 2021

In this paper we present some aspects concerning the spreading of the weed Rubus caesius L. in winter wheat, grain maize, and sunflower in 20 locations of the Timiş County and weed control of in winter wheat and grain maize pointing out Rubus caesius L., a problem species popularly named dewberry.

We describe the materials and methods used in the mapping of the species Rubus caesius L. and in the control of problem weeds monitoring the control degree (%) of dicot weeds, in general, and of the species Rubus caesius L., in particular, and winter wheat yield in q/ha in the control variants and in the treated variants in the agricultural years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 and grain maize yield in q/ha in the control variants and in the treated variants in 2009 and 2010.

In winter wheat, in the 20 locations of the Timiş County, the mean of the plants of Rubus caesius L. in the three agricultural years was: in the low plain area, 1.35 plants/m², in the high plain area, 6.90 plants/m², and in the hill area, 0.12 plants/m². As for grain maize, in the 20 locations of the Timiş County, the mean of the plants of Rubus caesius L. in the three agricultural years was: in the low plain area, 1.12 plants/m², in the high plain area, 2.60 plants/m², and in the hill area, 0.84 plants/m². In sunflower, in the 20 locations of the Timiş County, the mean of the plants of Rubus caesius L. in the three agricultural years was: in the low plain area, 1.20 plants/m², in the high plain area, 5.00 plants/m², and in the hill area, 0.16 plants/m².

We present research results concerning the total number of weeds/m2 in the control variant in winter wheat and grain maize and the share percentage.

In winter wheat, we monitored, in the agricultural years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 a number of 12 weed species, the mean of the number of weeds per m2 being 75, and in grain maize, in the agricultural years 2009 and 2010, 11 weed species, the total number per m2 being 262.

Dewberry was represented in winter wheat by 4.25 plants/m2 with a share percentage of 5.66%, and in grain maize by 12.2 plants/m2 with a share percentage of 4.65%.

The most efficient diminution of the dewberry shoots in winter wheat was ensured by the herbicide Dialen Super 464 SL (0.9 l/ha), with a control degree of 92.14%. There was also weed control above 90% in the variants treated with Premiant (1 l/ha) – 91.65% and with Ceredin Super (1 l/ha) – 90.57%.

The most efficient diminution of dewberry shoots in maize was ensured by the herbicide Dialen Super 464 SL (0.9 l/ha), with a control degree of 96.82%. There was also weed control degree above 90% in the variants treated with Ceredin Super (1 l/ha) – 94.52% and Buctril Universal (1 l/ha) – 92.54%.
Research on Forestry Recultivation of Sterile Dumps within the Jilţ Basin
Authors: CARABIS Augustina Delia , PÂRVAN Lavinia , POPESCU I.
Published: December 2021

Following the surface mining operations, large areas of agricultural land (arable land, meadows, etc.), forests, etc., are lost from the economic business in the county; all these lands, under adequate provisions of law must be reconstructed for agriculture and forestry.

The current concept of sustainable development presumes also an environmental protection strategy, designed today and accepted by the countries all over the world to maintain ecological balance at the global, regional and local level.

Research carried out on this theme aims to find the most effective forest species to make these areas as quickly as possible to enter the economic circuit.

Orientation regarding the afforestation of these areas depends largely on the ecopedologic zone, the material resulting from the exploitation of lignite and, first of all, available investments.

The present situation left by the surface mining operations within the Jilţ Basin shows that there are many areas of unproductive land that can not be included in the category of arable land. For this reason, research started aiming at the afforestation of these lands with different forest species. It was also considered the stabilization of sloping lands of these dumps in order to avoid the surprise of landslides in years with abundant precipitation.

Large areas of dumps were planted with Robinia pseudacacia, familia Leguminosae in both the Mining Jilţ Basin and the Mining Rovinari Basin, these land areas being well covered by forestry vegetation. But forestry does not mean only Robinia pseudacacia, familia Leguminosae and, for this reason, the species proposed in this paper include a large diversity and provide outstanding economic results.
Influence of Growth Substances on Rooting Cuttings of Chrysanthemum
Authors: GADEA Stefania , VATCA Sorin , BOGDAN Ileana
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research was to stimulate the process of rizogenesis at cuttings of chrysanthemum treated with different stimulant solutions. Effectiveness of this treatment can lead to shortening the time from planting to harvesting flowers. Cuttings used from four cultivars of chrysanthemums, in order to stimulate the risogenesis process, were treated with NAA, 2,4-D, Thiamine, Alar, Procaine and Radi-Stim.

Stages of experimental work complied with the protocol and were conducted in the Laboratory Research Plant belonging to the Vegetale Physiology discipline.
Researces Regarding the Interaction Between Cultivating Variety – Fertilized – Planting Distance Between Rows at the Oilseed Rape
Authors: GROSZ Daniel , BORCEAN Ioan , TABARA Valeriu , IMBREA Florin , MARIAN Florin
Published: December 2021

The research was made for quantification the interaction between cultivating variety –fertilized-planting distance between rows at the oilseed rape in the favorable pedoclimatic conditions for rape on the Vest Plain where can be obtained the highest productions. In this way, was studied to the influence of the fertilization upon the productions, at an assortment of seven rape varieties. The researched biological material was formed of seven rape varieties new for the reference area, as follows: Valesca, Orkane, Ader, Potomac, LG, Belini, Milena. To point the negative effect of the nitrogen fertilization, to optimize the doses upon the productions, was accounted the agrofond dose, in domain N0-N225. The research was made on a fund of P80 K80, so that varieties can expose their productive potential and the specific oil content. The results obtained accentuated the fact that the seven rape varieties studied, in the fertilization domain N0-N225, In average on the 4 agrofonds and the two distances between the rows, it resulted that in the researched area the most appropriate is Valesca variety, on which the harvest exceeded 2800 kg/ha. Varieties Milena, Potomac and Orkane registered harvests of over 2200 kg/ha. Yield increases obtained for the varieties fertilized with nitrogen at all doses level, are very significant. Distance between rows, represents a technological element studied in all the countries that cultivates autumn rapeseed. The results obtained in the experimental cycle, regarding this aspect, leads to the conclusion that for the studied varieties, a distance between 12,5 and 25 cm, ensures an harvest increase the exceeds 300 kg/ha. The researches results are important for the growers,

because they increase the possibility to obtain productions higher than 3700 kg/ha.
Chlorophylls - Natural Solar Cells
Authors: JÄNTSCHI Lorentz , BOLBOACĂ Sorana , BĂLAN Mugur , SESTRAŞ Radu
Published: December 2021

A molecular modeling study was conducted on a series of six natural occurring chlorophylls. Quantum chemistry calculated orbital energies were used to estimate frequency of transitions between occupied molecular orbital and unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of chlorophyll molecules in vivo conditions in standard (ASTMG173) environmental conditions. Obtained results are in good agreement with energies necessary to fix the Magnesium atom by chlorophyll molecules and with occurrence of chlorophylls in living vegetal organisms
The Protected Species of Lepidoptera in the Oak Forest "Dumbrava Sibiului", Romania
Authors: MOISE Cristina
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the results of research on Lepidoptera fauna of protected forest located Dumbrava Sibiu, near Sibiu city . The theme of the work is included in a study of forest biodiversity and Sibiu Lepidoptera "Dumbrava Sibiului" is part of a school project postdoctoral lasted several months in the forest.

The first data on Lepidoptera fauna of the forest were reported by Daniel Czekelius collection and analysis covers a total of 45 species collected from the surrounding forest. An important contribution collections were then collected in the Transylvanian Saxons in 1009 and until around 1960 years and have made such an important contribution to knowledge of this group of insects. Existing data in the literature and museum collections: Dr. Daniel Czekelius, Dr. Eugen Worell, Victor Weindel, Henrich Weyreuch and Rolf von Hannenheimer collections are kept at the Museum of Natural Sciences of Sibiu has been a landmark for this study.
Research on the Influence of Mineral Fertilization on a Meadow of Festuca Rubra L.
Authors: MOREA Adriana , ROTAR Ioan , VIDICAN Roxana , PACURAR Florin
Published: December 2021

Village Garda de Sus is located in Aries basin and includes grasslands its perimeter with semi-important areas that are particularly important because they have many functions. Maintain these pastures in the cultural landscape is a topical issue nationally and beyond. Although a phytodiversity high yield and quality obtained are not satisfactory. Improving these parameters can be done through interventions in the system, such as fertilization, which can increase productivity and maintaining a high phytodiversity, and improve crop quality.

Our research objective is to monitor the effect of mineral fertilizers on productivity and meadows of Festuca rubra phytodiversity after a period of three years.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Maize Inbred Lines from SCDA Turda - Romania Revealed by RAPD Molecular Markers
Authors: POP Rodica , HAS Ioan , POPESCU Iulia Francesca , HARTA Monica , PAMFIL Doru
Published: December 2021

Knowledge of genetic diversity and relationships among maize inbred lines is indispensable to a breeding program. Our objective was to investigate the level of genetic diversity among maize inbred lines. Eighty-three maize inbred lines obtained from SCDA Turda were genotyped using 20 decamer primers. These primers generated, among the studied genotypes, a number of polymorphic bands comprised between 17 bands (OPA 03) and 7 bands (OPAB 11). The highest numbers of polymorphic bands were obtained with primer OPA 03, respectively 17 bands, followed by OPA 01, OPB 08 (16 polymorphic bands) and OPX 03 and OPAL 20 (13 polymorphic bands). Genetic distances were established using Nei Li/Dice coefficent and an UPGMA dendrogram was constructed with FreeTree software. The built dendrogram shows phylogenetic relationships between the analysed biological material.
Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture
Authors: POPA Cosmin
Published: December 2021

Agriculture is facing major challenges. Increasing the total production by 70% in order to suit the world’s demand in the next 50 years is an objective endangered by limited resources, climatic changes and other short term and regional threats.

Despite its relatively short life, Artificial Intelligence is seen more and more as a solution to these challenges. The idea that these problems will be surpassed using the technology goes forward, some opinions advocating that humanity will merge with A.I. in the next 50 years, reaching a new phase of evolution. On the other hand, millions of people have no access yet to basic resources, like food, water and shelter.

This study outlines the trends of adoption and the development of artificial intelligent agents in agriculture, focusing on expert systems, sensors for collecting and transmitting data and robots developed for agriculture, in an attempt to reveal their potential impact in this field.
Variability for Young Maize Plants Characters in a Set of Inbred Lines
Authors: STAN Cornelia , HAS Ioan , HAS Voichita , COPANDEAN Ana , TRITEAN Nicolae
Published: December 2021

Root system development in maize seedlings has a influence on the further development of the plant; also length of mesocotyl and depth of coleoptile influence which can sow corn, play an important role in the uniformity of culture and plant growth and development. The area in witch has been created corn genotype, soil type and climate, but also some elements of technology have influenced the development of root system, the length of mesocotyl and coleoptile of the young plantlet. The paper presents variability in root system development of 40 inbred lines of corn , coleoptile and mesocotyl development in the same set of inbred lines and correlations between these characters.
Research on Organic Winter Wheat Cultivation
Authors: TOMOS Liviu
Published: December 2021

The goal of organic farming is to create and maintain a balance between environment protection and croping technology for each tipe of crop, beginning with the soil tillage system wich is aimed to ensure harmony and keep the balance between the natural resources and the crop needs.

The yields level depends mostly on the optimum application of all technological sequences beginning with soil selection and finishing with crop harvesting. The yield has to be satisfactory both in quantity and quality. Nowadays, although quantity is very important, more and more the stress is on the quality; consumers being more oriented towards healthy food.
An Overview of the Gps Uses in Agriculture
Authors: DROCAS Ioan , MARIAN Ovidiu , RANTA Ovidiu , STĂNILĂ Sorin , MUNTEAN Mircea , MOLNAR Adrian
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, the need for food in the world is high. We exceeded the 5 billion people, so there is a need for development in order to keep the offer in accordance to demand.

The agriculture has made a few steps in that direction. The IT technology provided the basis of an increased yield and for a sustainable agriculture. One of the main and revolutionary items which were implemented in agriculture was the GPS system.
The Influence of Fertilization Systems of The Typical Preluvosoil on Golden Delicious and Starkrimson Apple Crops
Authors: HANGAN Maria , MARGHITAS Marilena , DALE Laura Monica
Published: December 2021

The annual production results obtained in the experimental years, were constant enough between apples variety, but were a lot different once the fertilization systems have been applied. The biggest productions were obtained by applying the organic-mineral fertilization system or the organic-mineral and manure fertilization system. Complex mineral fertilization assures great production by applying at the same time the three primary macro elements: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. The best production was obtained using higher doses of N120P100K120. The organic-mineral fertilization puts in value the interaction of the organic with the complex mineral resources and assures maximum fruit production at the following combination: 40t manure/ha applied periodically (once every 3 years) with a dose of NPK complex N100P80K100. The production was differenced by the NPK doses applied. The analysis of the production differences shows the efficiency of the fertilization systems that were applied and the interaction between soil and plant. The apple varieties production proved to be efficient to the fertilization systems used and to the active substance doses too. To improve the production of apples on the typical preluvosoil in Reghin is recommended to use NPK interactions with manure. The positive action of the two alternative fertilization systems is obvious. The biggest production obtained with the help of these fertilization systems applied on the two varieties of apple: GOLDEN DELICIOUS and STARKRIMSON were at the STARKRIMSON variety
Genetic Study of Pre-Harvest Sporouting Tolerance in Winter Wheat
Authors: LUPU Nicolae , MOLDOVAN Vasile , KADAR Rozalia , HAS Ioan , RACZ Ionuţ
Published: December 2021

Pre-harvest sprouting process in winter wheat can be considered as a complex quantitative trait because it is the result of some morpho-physiological characters among dormancy duration and alpha-amylase activity, are essential. The objectives of this study consist of two main aspects:evaluation of dormancy duration in F1 hybrids in comparison to parents. determination of gene effects involved in inheritance of pre-harvest sprouting and falling number in winter wheat.
Some Morpho-Physiological and Quality Traits in Spring Wheat and Winter Triticale
Authors: RACZ Ionuţ , DUDA Marcel , KADAR Rozalia , MOLDOVAN Vasile , HAS Ioan , LUPU Nicolae
Published: December 2021

Romania, almost the entire territory meets the favorable conditions for winter wheat crop, but in recent years due to problems with crop establishment in autumn, is still remain a growing area that would be available for spring crops. Another consideration for the spring wheat area of land would earn would be that in our country there are mountain areas at high altitudes, with unfavorable conditions for winter wheat crop, where winters exceed 4-5 months yearly, or dry climates with harsh winters without snow cover. It is known that spring wheat yielded less than winter wheat, after our previous studies about 20-30% smaller production and it is due to the shorter period of vegetation, about 120 days, compared with winter wheat which has 265 days. Areas occupied by spring wheat in our country are small.
Analyze of the Quality Features in the Case of Alfalfa Fertilized with City Mud Using NIR Method
Authors: VIDICAN Roxana , ROTAR Ion , PINTEA Iancu , DALE Laura , PACURAR Florin
Published: December 2021

Residual organic waste materials from organic materials mainly from urban activities are recognized in particular as sources of environmental pollution and less as sources of nutrients potentially beneficial effects on soil and plant production.
Development of Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: IAGARU Pompilica
Published: December 2021

Replacing the conventional polluting technology with a technology based on sustainable links maintaining and cultivating the agricultural crops contributes to the development of the sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. This paper aims to the problematic of the development of sustainable agriculture in Romania in terms of the efficient use of natural, energetic, material and informational resources in order to meet the current and future demands of the human society. The premise and the importance of this approach is given by the certainty that the development of sustainable agriculture in Romania takes place in accordance with the policies, objectives, principles and regulations of the European Union in the field.
Sources of Biofuels in Romania
Authors: SANA Sonia , SOCACIU Carmen , SCRIDON Simion , VAC Călin
Published: December 2021

According to Romania's commitments to the European Commission by the end of 2010 the percentage of biofuel in the content of all types of fossil fuels must be at least 5.75%. By 2020, the percentage of biofuel will be increased to at least 10%. Given these obligations and the amount of fuel used annually, biodiesel and bioethanol requirement was nearly 300,000 tons in 2010.
Heavy Metals Concentration in Contaminated Soils from Southern Part of Romania
Authors: FLORESCU Diana , IORDACHE Andreea , SANDRU Claudia , HORJ Elena , IONETE Roxana , CULEA Monica
Published: December 2021

As a result of accidental spills or leaks, industrial wastes may enter in soil and in streams. Some of the contaminants may not be completely removed by treatment processes; therefore, they could become a problem for these sources. The use of synthetic products (e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste, and land application of industrial or domestic sludge) can result in heavy metal contamination of soils.
Researches on Rheological Characteristics of Dough of Wheat Flour and their Changes During Storage
Authors: CONSTANTIN Gheorghe , VOICU Gheorghe , RUSĂNESCU Carmen Otilia , ŞTEFAN Elena Mădălina
Published: December 2021

In this paper, rheological characteristics of flour are determined with Brabender farinograph. Brabender Farinograph is the most widely used laboratory device to evaluate the quality of flour, in batter, with which the rheological characteristics of flour is determined by measuring and recording gluten strength and endurance. With farinograph records the dough structure changes over time and obtaining data about: Absorption of flour, flour power (its ability to form a dough with rheological properties appropriate to flow operations technology), forming time of the dough, the degree of stability and soaking, the consistency of dough during this time.

Analyzing the data presented on farinograph curves, were extracted the values of the dough development time (min), stability (min), softening degree (FU), consistency (FU), the absorption capacity of flour (%) farinograph index of the dough ..
Determination of Total Phenolic Content in Almonds After Lipid Removal or After Deproteinization
Authors: DAN Alina Florentina , TITA Ovidiu , FERRER REYNÉS Miguel
Published: December 2021

The classical method for polyphenols extraction requires long time and large amounts of reagents used. Our objective was to compare the results obtained using this method with results obtained using a direct method. The research was made on almonds cultivated in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. The polyphenol content of almond kernels were examined in two different ways: polyphenols extraction after lipid removal or after sample deproteinization. Commune and selected kernels were provided from Spain. One gram of almonds with 10 mL water were homogenized. In the first case,10 mL were colected and extracted two times with hexane to remove lipids,first extraction all night long, and second extraction, 4-5 h. Polyphenols were extracted from aqueous phase with HCl:H2O:methanol during 16 h at 4 °Ϲ. The methanolic extract was retained and evaporated under nitrogen and the residue was reconstituted in 10 mM phosphate buffer. In the second case, the homogenate was deproteinized with acetone. Total phenols were assayed colorimetrically with the Folin-Ciocalteu. The calibration curve was made using pyrogallol. The results showed an effect for obtaining method, but not for almond varieties. Using extraction to remove lipids may cause losses in total polyphenols content while deproteinization avoides these polyphenol losses and reduces time and reagents.
Importance of Sodium Nitrate in the Maturation Process of Gouda Cheese
Authors: NOJE Alexandra , TITA Mihaela Adriana , TITA Ovidiu
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to observe the dynamics of sodium nitrate during ripening, in was introduced in different amounts in the recipe. Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound also known as Chile saltpeter or Peru saltpeter, is used as an ingredient as a food preservative. Sodium nitrate should not be confused with the related compound, sodium nitrite. Sodium nitrate in the cheese gives a longer time of preservation (Moore J.C., 2010).
Rheological Evaluation of Some Commercial Xylanases
Authors: OGNEAN Mihai , OGNEAN Claudia Felicia , DARIE Neli
Published: December 2021

The arabinoxylans play and the xylanases play an important role breadmaking. For a better selection of xylanases, it is necessary to understand how they work in breadmaking. At the same activity, the xylanases have different effect on dough rheology. The xylanases activity measured through birch xylan hydrolysis it is not correlated with extensographic effects. Weak but better correlations were observed when the xylanase activity was measured as the ability to decrease the viscosity of soluble wheat arabinoxylans solution.
Sunflower Halva with Addition of Hemp Protein Powder I. Determination of Protein Content
Authors: RACOLTA Emil , MURESAN Crina , MURESAN Vlad , TICREA Livia
Published: December 2021

The aim of the paper was to obtain a new confectionery product, with added hemp protein powder, the protein content of the final product being determined. Hemp protein powder was added in order to improve oil quality, fatty acid profile (ω-3, ω-6 addition) and to increase the protein content. Protein content is not a current determination in the manufacturing process of traditional halva; in this paper the protein content of traditional sunflower halva and of the one improved with hemp protein powder was determined by Kjeldahl method. The determination allowed a better understanding regarding protein content of both types of halva.