bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unravelling vagal hypersensitivity in chronic cough: A distinct disease
Authors: Zhang Mengru , Morice Alyn H.
Published: August 2023

Chronic cough (CC) is a common but poorly understood disease that has a negative impact on quality of life. For years, clinicians have been trying to find the underlying diagnosis and using existing disease models to describe the patients’ illness. This presents a confusing picture of CC. Most patients with CC present with hypersensitivity of the cough reflex, which is characterised by laryngeal paraesthesia and an increased response to the tussive stimuli or an innocuous stimulus that would not trigger coughing in healthy people. Recently, it has been proposed that CC is a unique disease characterised by vagal hypersensitivity that projects to the central nervous system altering responsiveness. The evidence supports the hypothesis that CC is primarily a neurological disorder, consisting of different phenotypes.

image
Bismuth, by high-sensitivity low energy ion scattering
Authors: Vaníčková Elena , Průša Stanislav , Šikola Tomáš
Published: August 2023

Low energy ion scattering is an analytical technique with extreme surface sensitivity. It enables qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of the outermost atomic layer. Straightforward quantification is possible by using well-defined reference samples, as the measured signal is related to known surface atomic concentration. Bi, like Pb, exhibits strong oscillatory behavior of backscattered ion yield when primary ion beam energy is varied. Here, we present the spectra of bismuth obtained by scattering of 4He+ ions in a wide range of energies (0.5–6.0 keV). These should cover a regularly used range of energies for He analysis and serve as standards or reference spectra for analysis of bismuth if the scattering angle is 145° or similar. For this purpose, high-purity foil cleaned by ion sputtering was used. The sensitivity of the instrument in use (high-sensitivity low energy ion scattering spectrometer) is defined by the 3 keV 4He+ spectrum of copper. The related atomic sensitivity and relative sensitivity factors are determined.
Assessing the Use of Heart-Rate Monitoring for Competitive Swimmers
Authors: Sixsmith Hugh , Crowcroft Stephen , Slattery Katie
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Quantifying training intensity provides a comprehensive understanding of the training stimulus. Recent technological advances may have improved the feasibility of using heart-rate (HR) monitoring in swimming. However, the implementation of HR monitoring is yet to be assessed longitudinally in the daily training environment of swimmers. This study aimed to assess the implementation of HR by comparing the training-intensity distribution from an external measure, planned volume at set intensities (PVSI), with the internal training-intensity distribution measured using time in HR zones. Methods: Using a longitudinal observational design, 10 competitive swimmers (8 male and 2 female, age: 22.0 [2.3] y, Fédération Internationale de Natation point score: 842.9 [58.5], mean [SD]) were monitored daily for 6 months. Each session, HR data, and coached-planned and athlete-reported session rating of perceived exertion (Modified Category Ratio 10 scale) were recorded. Based on previously determined training zones from an incremental step test, PVSI was calculated using the planned distance and planned intensity of each swim bout. Training-intensity distributions were analyzed using a linear mixed model (lme4). Results: The model revealed a small to moderate relationship between PVSI and time in HR zone, based on the Nakagawa R-squared value (range .14–.42). Conclusions: Training-intensity distribution differed between the internal measure (ie, HR) and the external measure of intensity (ie, PVSI). This demonstrates that internal and planned external measures of intensity cannot be used interchangeably to monitor training. Further research should explore how to best integrate these measures to better understand training in swimming.
Hemoglobin Mass and Blood Volume in Swimming: A Comparison Between Highly Trained, Elite, and World-Class Swimmers
Authors: Mujika Iñigo , Millet Grégoire P. , Zelenkova Irina , Bourdillon Nicolas
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass) and blood volume (BV) are important determinants of maximal oxygen uptake and endurance capacity. Higher-caliber endurance athletes usually possess higher tHbmass and BV values. This study aimed to compare tHbmass and BV among swimmers of diverse competitive calibers and distances. Methods: Thirty swimmers (16 female and 14 male) participated in the study: 3 were tier 5, world class (869 [59] FINA points); 15 were tier 4, elite/international (853 [38] points); and 12 were tier 3, highly trained/national (808 [35] points). They specialized in competition distances ranging from 200 m to open-water 10 km. Between February 2019 and February 2020, all swimmers had their tHbmass and BV measured by carbon monoxide rebreathing 1 to 6 times and participated in multiple competitions and race events. Results: Relative tHbmass and BV were not different (P > .05) between tiers among women or among men (pooled tHbmass values 14.5 [0.5], 12.5 [1.5], 12.6 [2.3] g/kg for tier 5, tier 4, and tier 3, respectively). No differences were observed in relative tHbmass (P = .215) and BV (P = .458) between pool and open-water swimmers or between 200-, 400-, and 1500-m specialists (P > .05). No significant correlations were found between the highest measured absolute or relative tHbmass and BV and the highest FINA points scored over the follow-up period (R = −.42–.17, P = .256–.833), irrespective of competition distance. Conclusion: tHbmass and BV values did not differ between swimmers of different calibers or among competition distances. Furthermore, these values did not correlate with FINA points, either in males or in females. The present results indicate that hematological characteristics may have a lesser impact on swimming performance than on land-based endurance sports.
Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Smartphone Clinometer Application for Measuring Scapular Rotations in Subjects With and Without Shoulder Pain
Authors: Kaur Varmeet , Makhija Meena , Phadke Vandana
Published: August 2023

Context:  Clinical assessment of scapular motion is obscured by a lack of clinically accessible and feasible angular measurement tools. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of the smartphone “Clinometer” app in measuring scapular upward rotation (UR) and anteroposterior tilt. Design: Psychometric analysis. Methods: We recruited 57 participants—10 with and 47 without shoulder pain. Two physical therapists consecutively measured both scapular movements using the Clinometer app at the arm by the side (rest), 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of humeral elevation in the scapular plane; one therapist measured again after 2 days. For evaluating concurrent validity, we compared the Clinometer scores with those measured using an electromagnetic motion capture system in 10 healthy participants. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable difference at 90% confidence intervals (MDD90) were calculated. Concurrent validity was evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by post hoc testing with Tukey–Kramer test (P < .05). Results: We observed good intrarater reliability (ICC: UR = .76–.85, tilt = .69–.9; SEM: 2.2°–3.5°; MDD90: ∼5°–8°) and moderate to good interrater reliability (ICC: UR = .66–.78, tilt = .66–.76; SEM: 3.6°–8°; MDD90: ∼9°–18°) for both rotations. The Clinometer scores for UR were comparable to electromagnetic motion capture system at all angles except 90° (difference ∼8°); for scapular tilt, the scores were comparable only at rest and 30° elevation. Conclusion: The Clinometer app is reliable and valid for measuring scapular UR throughout and for scapular tilt at lower humeral elevation angles. The MDD90 values for scapular rotations computed in this study can be helpful in rehabilitation planning and future research.
Roots of Resistance: The Origins of the Black Women in Sport Foundation and the Politics of Race and Gender
Authors: Rahim Raja Malikah , Liberti Rita
Published: August 2023

Tina Sloan Green, Nikki Franke, Alpha Alexander, and Linda Greene represent an integral part of a culture of Black women in sports who created a place and space for themselves and others in opposition to the long history of racism and sexism that suffused sports in the United States and global world. As founders of the Black Women in Sport Foundation (BWSF), their activism and organizing on behalf of Black women and girls in, and beyond sport, is as varied as it is vast. While the founders have been interviewed about the BWSF numerous times throughout their respective careers, those interviews fail to capture the paths that led them to successful careers or the incorporation of the BWSF. Using oral history narratives, this paper contends that their experiences from childhood to young adulthood offer incredible insights about the origins and evolution of their critical consciousness around race and gender that emerged during their formative years. It illuminates the familial, communal, educational, and sporting legacies of BWSF founders from childhood to the mid-to-late 1970s, when their worlds collided at Temple University. Their histories underscore how they navigated and negotiated the ideologies of racism and sexism from childhood to adulthood. As young Black women who lived before the passage of Title IX, their stories depict the early struggles and successes of women and girls’ participation in sports and broader society. Individually and collectively, BWSF founders’ oral history narratives offer a great understanding of Black women in sports and society in the past and present.
The global anaerobic metabolism regulator
fnr
is necessary for the degradation of food dyes and drugs by
Escherichia coli
Authors: Pieper Lindsey M. , Spanogiannopoulos Peter , Volk Regan F. , Miller Carson J. , Wright Aaron T. , Turnbaugh Peter J.
Published: August 2023

The microbiome is an underappreciated contributor to intestinal drug metabolism with broad implications for drug efficacy and toxicity. While considerable progress has been made toward identifying the gut bacterial genes and enzymes involved, the role of environmental factors in shaping their activity remains poorly understood. Here, we focus on the gut bacterial reduction of azo bonds (R-N = N-R’), found in diverse chemicals in both food and drugs. Surprisingly, the canonical
azoR
gene in
Escherichia coli
was dispensable for azo bond reduction. Instead, azoreductase activity was controlled by the fumarate and nitrate reduction (
fnr
) regulator, consistent with a requirement for the anoxic conditions found within the gastrointestinal tract. Paired transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the
fnr
regulon revealed that in addition to altering the expression of multiple reductases, FNR is necessary for the metabolism of L-Cysteine to hydrogen sulfide, enabling the degradation of azo bonds. Furthermore, we found that FNR indirectly regulates this process through the small noncoding regulatory RNA
fnrS
. Taken together, these results show how gut bacteria sense and respond to their intestinal environment to enable the metabolism of chemical groups found in both dietary and pharmaceutical compounds.

IMPORTANCE

This work has broad relevance due to the ubiquity of dyes containing azo bonds in food and drugs. We report that azo dyes can be degraded by human gut bacteria through both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms, even from a single gut bacterial species. Furthermore, we revealed that environmental factors, oxygen, and L-Cysteine control the ability of
E. coli
to degrade azo dyes due to their impacts on bacterial transcription and metabolism. These results open up new opportunities to manipulate the azoreductase activity of the gut microbiome through the manipulation of host diet, suggest that azoreductase potential may be altered in patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease, and highlight the importance of studying bacterial enzymes for drug metabolism in their natural cellular and ecological context.
Geographic social vulnerability is associated with the alpha diversity of the human microbiome
Authors: Farmer Nicole , Maki Katherine A. , Barb Jennifer J. , Jones Kelly K. , Yang Li , Baumer Yvonne , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M. , Wallen Gwenyth R.
Published: August 2023

The human microbiome ecosystems living within the human body are exposed to exogenous foreign substances from the various environments that humans live within. Therefore, dynamics between microbes and human hosts can be influenced by environmental changes, which potentially impact microbiome composition and diversity. Geographic area, as a microbiome-relevant environmental factor, has been well reported. Human geography, however, is often linked to socioeconomic status, racial and ethnic population enclaves, and disparities in area disadvantage. Potential mechanisms linking the microbiome to factors tied to area disadvantage include household crowding, use of public transportation, and lack of exposure to biodiverse natural environments. Through an analysis of data from the Human Microbiome Project including healthy adults who reported residential area information at the time of microbiome sampling (
n
= 201), we found a significant relationship between the social vulnerability index (SVI), as a measure of area disadvantage, and multiple alpha diversity measures across oral, airways, and urogenital sites when controlling for age, gender, and body mass index. With regard to race/ethnicity, we found significant mediation by SVI score to explain racial/ethnic differences in urogenital microbiome diversity in females. Our results highlight the importance of considering environmental variables such as area social vulnerability as a variable of interest in microbiome studies within healthy individuals and suggest a potential role to explain urogenital race/ethnicity differences. Future studies including a diverse, representative community-based population, more precise residential location, and inclusion of related risk factors such as dietary intake, are needed to further understand the implications of these results.

IMPORTANCE

As a risk factor for conditions related to the microbiome, understanding the role of SVI on microbiome diversity may assist in identifying public health implications for microbiome research. Here we found, using a sub-sample of the Human Microbiome Project phase 1 cohort, that SVI was linked to microbiome diversity across body sites and that SVI may influence race/ethnicity-based differences in diversity. Our findings, build on the current knowledge regarding the role of human geography in microbiome research, suggest that measures of geographic social vulnerability be considered as additional contextual factors when exploring microbiome alpha diversity.
The Origin of the West Siberian Sedimentary Basin without Strong Crustal Stretching: An Analysis of Superdeep Drilling Data
Authors: Artyushkov E. V. , Chekhovich P. A.
Published: August 2023

The mechanism of the formation of large sedimentary basins on the continents is among the main problems in geodynamics. The formation of such structures far from convergent plate boundaries is most often explained by intense stretching of the lithospheric layer (rifting). This should be followed by a large and prolonged crustal subsidence due to cooling of the stretched lithosphere. A characteristic feature of the post-rift subsidence is a decrease in its rate in time by several times over a hundred million years. Rifting in the West Siberian Basin was associated with the formation of Permian–Triassic graben-rifts. The subsequent (post-rift) subsidence is considered by many researchers as a cause of the formation of a thick layer of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments in the basin. Over the 86 Ma that passed from the beginning of the Middle Triassic to the end of the Middle Jurassic, the rate of post-rift subsidence should have decreased by about a factor of three. In fact, the opposite trend developed. Judging by the data of the Tyumen (SG-6) and En-Yakhin (SG-7) superdeep wells drilled in the northern part of the basin, the rate of crustal subsidence increased several times during this period of time. Such a sharp difference between the expected post-rift subsidence and the actual subsidence of the crust indicates that lithospheric stretching was not the main subsidence mechanism, and it could support only a small part of the subsidence. Under such circumstances, the main cause of the subsidence would have to be contraction of rocks in the Earth’s crust due to prograde metamorphism.
New Data on the Geological Structure and Precambrian Evolution of the Mountain Framework of the Denman Glacier Western Side (East Antarctica): First Paleoarchean Age for Plagiogneisses
Authors: Maslov V. A. , Kaminsky V. D. , Rodionov N. V. , Vorobiev D. M.
Published: August 2023

The mountain framework of the Denman Glacier is a poorly explored area. However, it is a key region of East Antarctica in the context of studying the Precambrian geological history and geodynamic evolution of the Archean protocratons of the Antarctic Shield and in their comparison with the Archean crust-forming events of other regions of the Earth. Original U–Pb isotope geochronology data from zircons of metamorphic and intrusive rocks sampled from the western side of the Denman Glacier are reported. A geotectonic interpretation of the data was carried out. The Paleoarchean age of crystallization (3355 ± 5.4 Ma) of the magmatic protolith of tonalitic orthogneisses of the Davis granite–gneiss complex was obtained for the first time in this sector of Antarctica. In the Archean time interval, the Davis Paleoarchean protocraton was affected by multistage polymetamorphism in the intervals ~3100–3000 and 2900–2800 Ma ago. A crustal extension associated with the late stage is indicated by syntectonic intrusion of ultramafic dikes and pyroxenite sills (2827 ± 6 Ma). The time when granite veins and subalkaline granitoid plutons formed corresponds to the time of tectono-thermal Pan-African activization in the interval of 550–510 Ma typical for the Rayner Province of East Antarctica. The terrane of Davis craton is similar to the Paleo-Mesoarchean protocratons of East Antarctica, India, and Australia for the time of formation and the evolution of geodynamic processes.
Oxygen Isotopic Fractionation in a Silicate–Carbonate System during the Formation of Rocks of the Kovdor Pluton (Kola Peninsula)
Authors: Dubinina E. O. , Morozova A. S. , Rass I. T. , Avdeenko A. S.
Published: August 2023

The δ18О values of carbonates and silicates (Ol, Phl, Mt) of calcite carbonatites, phoscorites, ijolites, and turjaites of the Kovdor pluton have been studied for the first time to elucidate the role of processes of contamination, retrograde exchange, and high-temperature fractionation in a magmatic system. It is established that no processes of crustal contamination are registered in the isotopic characteristics of silicates and that the δ18О values of olivine, phlogopite, and magnetite are lower relative to the compositions typical of equilibrium with mantle peridotite. At the same time, the carbonates show a complementary enrichment in the 18О isotope relative to the composition of derivative mantle melts. The estimated closure temperature of the O isotopic composition of olivine and the cooling rates of rocks do not support a hypothesis on retrograde isotope exchange. A redistribution of O isotopes between silicate and carbonate constituents of melts in the magmatic system before the origination of the Kovdor pluton and its cooling is suggested. According to the O isotope data, the carbonate constituent at that moment could strongly be dominant (in 1.5–4.5 times) over the silicate one.
A New Chladniite Variety from Volcanic Exhalations. The Genetic Crystal Chemistry of Chladniite
Authors: Pekov I. V. , Zubkova N. V. , Agakhanov A. A. , Turchkova A. G. , Zhitova E. S. , Pushcharovskii D. Yu.
Published: August 2023

A new, unusual, Fe-free, and As5+-rich variety of chladniite, a rare phosphate of the fillowite group, was found in exhalations of the active Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It belongs to the high-temperature (500–750°С) paragenesis with calciojohillerite, fluorapatite, metathénardite, diopside, enstatite, forsterite, and hematite. This genetic type is novel for fillowite-group minerals. The crystal structure of Tolbachik chladniite is determined, R1 = 4.32%. It is trigonal, R–3, a = 14.9831(2) Å, c  = 42.8050(7) Å, and V = 8322.1(3) Å3. The structural formula is M13(Na0.56$$\square $$0.44)$$_{2}^{{M21}}$$(Na0.81Ca0.19)$$_{2}^{{}}$$$$_{{}}^{{M31}}$$(Na0.97$$\square $$0.03)$$_{6}^{{M12}}$$(Ca0.64Na0.36)$$_{6}^{{M1}}$$MnM2(Mg0.54Ca0.46)M3-9Mg30M10(Mg0.94Ca0.06)$$_{6}^{{M11}}$$Mg6(P33.53As2.47)O144 (Z = 3). The crystal chemical features of chladniite and their correlation with formation settings are discussed for all chladniite findings known in meteorites and terrestrial objects of different genetic types.
Intracranial ependymoma in an adult patient with multiple primary malignancies
Authors: Thong Shu Yan , Chua Benjamin , Winter Craig , Jiwrajka Manasi
Published: August 2023

The incidence of multiple primary malignancies (MPM) is increasing, and therefore, it has become highly important for clinicians to consider the concept of MPM when treating oncology patients. In this case report, we follow the clinical course of a patient diagnosed with a new intracranial lesion, an ependymoma, on a background of MPM. We explore the barriers implicating the delay in her diagnosis, dissect the challenges in managing her disease and emphasise the importance of social determinants in optimising her care.
Stigma of dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bacsu Juanita-Dawne R , Rahemi Zahra , Nanson Kate , Webster Claire , Norman Myrna , Spiteri Raymond J
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Dementia-related stigma reduces the quality of life of people living with dementia and their care partners. However, there is a dearth of literature synthesising knowledge on stigma of dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review protocol outlines a methodology that will be used to understand the impact of stigma on people living with dementia during the pandemic. Addressing dementia-related stigma is critical to promoting timely dementia diagnoses and enhancing the quality of life for people living with dementia and their care partners.

Methods and analysis

This review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. The review will focus on English-language, peer-reviewed literature published between 13 January 2020 and 30 June 2023. Stigma will be broadly defined according to pre-established components (stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination). We will search six databases including CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science. We will also hand-search the reference lists of relevant articles to identify additional manuscripts. Two reviewers will develop the data extraction table, as well as independently conduct the data screening. Any disagreements will be resolved through open discussion between the two researchers, and if necessary, by consulting the full team to achieve consensus. Data synthesis will be conducted using an inductive thematic analysis approach.

Ethics and dissemination

This review will be the first to explore the impact of dementia-related stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic. An advisory panel including a person living with dementia and a care partner will be consulted to inform our review’s findings and support the data dissemination process. The results of this scoping review will be shared and disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal, presentations at academic conferences, a community workshop and webinars with various stakeholders.
Interaction between high-intensity interval training and high-protein diet on gut microbiota composition and body weight in obese male rats
Authors: Aliabadi Mohsen , Saghebjoo Marziyeh , Yakhchali Bagher , Shariati Vahid
Published: August 2023

Diet and exercise are two critical factors that regulate gut microbiota, affecting weight management. The present study investigated the effect of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and a high-protein diet (HPD) on gut microbiota composition and body weight changes in obese male Wistar rats. Forty obese rats were randomly divided into five groups, including HPD, HIIT + HPD, HIIT + high-fat diet (HFD) (continuing HFD during intervention), obese control 1 (continuing HFD during intervention), obese control 2 (cutting off HFD at the beginning of the intervention and continuing standard diet), and eight non-obese Wistar rats as a non-obese control (NOC) group (standard diet). Microbial community composition and diversity analysis by sequencing 16S rRNA genes derived from the fecal samples, body weight, and Lee index were assessed. The body weight and Lee index in the NOC, HIIT + HFD, HPD, and HIIT + HPD groups were significantly lower than that in the OC1 and OC2 groups along with the lower body weight and Lee index in the HPD and HIIT + HPD groups compared with the HIIT + HFD group. Also, HFD consumption and switching from HFD to a standard diet or HPD increased gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, HIIT along with HFD increased the adverse effects of HFD on gut microbiota, while the HIIT + HPD increased microbial richness, improved gut microbiota dysbiosis, and changed rats’ phenotype to lean. It appears that HFD discontinuation without doing HIIT does not improve gut microbiota dysbiosis. Also, the HIIT + HFD, HPD, and HIIT + HPD slow down HFD-induced weight gain, but HIIT + HPD is a more reliable strategy for weight management due to its beneficial effects on gut microbiota composition.
Rank two weak Fano bundles on del Pezzo threefolds of degree five
Authors: Fukuoka Takeru , Hara Wahei , Ishikawa Daizo
Published: August 2023

This paper classifies rank two vector bundles on a del Pezzo threefold [Formula: see text] of degree five whose projectivizations are weak Fano. This classification is then used to determine properties of the moduli spaces of such vector bundles on [Formula: see text], and we determine precisely when the moduli spaces are smooth, irreducible, and fine. We also prove that such a bundle on a del Pezzo threefold of degree one or two splits, and as result gives a classification of weak Fano bundles of rank two on a del Pezzo threefold of Picard rank one.
Abelian Hearts of Twin Cotorsion Pairs on Extriangulated Categories
Authors: Huang Qiong , Zhou Panyue
Published: August 2023

It was shown recently that the heart of a twin cotorsion pair on an extriangulated category is semi-abelian. In this article, we consider a special class of hearts of twin cotorsion pairs induced by [Formula: see text]-cluster tilting subcategories in extriangulated categories. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for such hearts to be abelian. In particular, we can also see that such hearts are hereditary. As an application, this generalizes the work by Liu in the exact case, thereby providing new insights into the triangulated case.
Alleviating Video-length Effect for Micro-video Recommendation
Authors: Quan Yuhan , Ding Jingtao , Gao Chen , Li Nian , Yi Lingling , Jin Depeng , Li Yong
Published: August 2023

Micro-video platforms such as TikTok are extremely popular nowadays. One important feature is that users no longer select interested videos from a set; instead, they either watch the recommended video or skip to the next one. As a result, the time length of users’ watching behavior becomes the most important signal for identifying preferences. However, our empirical data analysis has shown a video-length effect that long videos can more easily receive a higher value of average view time, and thus adopting such view-time labels for measuring user preferences can easily induce a biased model that favors the longer videos. In this article, we propose a
V
ideo
L
ength
D
ebiasing
Rec
ommendation (VLDRec) method to alleviate such an effect for micro-video recommendation. VLDRec designs the data labeling approach and the sample generation module that better capture user preferences in a view-time-oriented manner. It further leverages the multi-task learning technique to jointly optimize the above samples with the original biased ones. Extensive experiments show that VLDRec can improve users’ view time by 1.81% and 11.32% on two real-world datasets, given a recommendation list of a fixed overall video length, compared with the best baseline method. Moreover, VLDRec is also more effective in matching users’ interests in terms of the video content.
Policy-driven Knowledge Selection and Response Generation for Document-grounded Dialogue
Authors: Ma Longxuan , Li Jiapeng , Li Mingda , Zhang Wei-Nan , Liu Ting
Published: August 2023

Document-grounded dialogue (DGD) uses documents as external knowledge for dialogue generation. Correctly understanding the dialogue context is crucial for selecting knowledge from the document and generating proper responses. In this article, we propose using a dialogue policy to help the dialogue understanding in DGD. Our dialogue policy consists of two kinds of guiding signals: utterance function and topic transfer intent. The utterance function reflects the purpose and style of an utterance, and the topic transfer intent reflects the topic and content of an utterance. We propose a novel framework exploiting our dialogue policy for two core tasks in DGD, namely, knowledge selection (KS) and response generation (RG). The framework consists of two modules: the policy planner leverages policy-aware dialogue representation to select knowledge and predict the policy of the response; the generator uses policy/knowledge-aware dialogue representation for response generation. Our policy-driven model gets state-of-the-art performance on three public benchmarks, and we provide a detailed analysis of the experimental results. Our code/data will be released on GitHub.
Automatic Synthesis of FSMs for Enforcing Non-functional Requirements on MPSoCs Using Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Esper Khalil , Wildermann Stefan , Teich Jürgen
Published: August 2023

Embedded system applications often require guarantees regarding non-functional properties when executed on a given MPSoC platform. Examples of such requirements include real-time, energy, or safety properties on corresponding programs. One option to implement the enforcement of such requirements is by a reactive control loop, where an enforcer decides based on a system response (feedback) how to control the system, e.g., by adapting the number of cores allocated to a program or by scaling the voltage/frequency mode of involved processors.

Typically, a violation of a requirement must either never happen in case of strict enforcement, or only happen temporally (in case of so-called loose enforcement). However, it is a challenge to design enforcers for which it is possible to give formal guarantees with respect to requirements, especially in the presence of typically largely varying environmental input (workload) per execution. Technically, an enforcement strategy can be formally modeled by a finite state machine (FSM) and the uncertain environment determining the workload by a discrete-time Markov chain. It has been shown in previous work that this formalization allows the formal verification of temporal properties (verification goals) regarding the fulfillment of requirements for a given enforcement strategy.

In this article, we consider the so-far-unsolved problem of design space exploration and automatic synthesis of enforcement automata that maximize a number of deterministic and probabilistic verification goals formulated on a given set of non-functional requirements. For the design space exploration (DSE), an approach based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithms is proposed in which enforcement automata are encoded as genes of states and state transition conditions. For each individual, the verification goals are evaluated using probabilistic model checking. At the end, the DSE returns a set of efficient FSMs in terms of probabilities of meeting given requirements. As experimental results, we present three use cases while considering requirements on latency and energy consumption.
How Whales Dive, Feast, and Fast: The Ecophysiological Drivers and Limits of Foraging in the Evolution of Cetaceans
Authors: Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Pyenson Nicholas D. , Madsen Peter T.
Published: August 2023

Whales are an extraordinary study group for questions about ecology and evolution because their combinations of extreme body sizes and unique foraging strategies are unparalleled among animals. From a terrestrial ancestry, whales evolved specialized oceanic foraging mechanisms that characterize the two main groups of living cetaceans: echolocation by toothed whales and bulk filter feeding by baleen whales. In toothed whales, lineage-specific increases in body size, enhanced diving capacity, and echolocation enable them to hunt the most abundant prey on the planet: deep-sea fish and cephalopods. Even greater body size increases, along with filter feeding and fasting capacity, permit large baleen whales to migrate long distances and exploit epipelagic patches of schooling prey, such as krill or fish, which are highly abundant but ephemeral. For both groups, prey abundance and distribution limit foraging performance, yielding divergent energetic niches that have shaped their convergent evolution to gigantism.
Li-Ion Battery Active Material Impedance Analysis I: Comparison of Measured NCM 111 Kinetics with Butler-Volmer Equation Based Predictions
Authors: Morasch Robert , Gasteiger Hubert A. , Suthar Bharatkumar
Published: August 2023

The expression for the exchange current density to describe the intercalation kinetics of Li-ion battery materials proposed by Newman and coworkers has been used extensively for battery modeling, however its applicability to existing battery materials should be validated. Here we show an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis of the kinetic behavior of NCM 111 as a function of electrolyte salt concentration and state-of-charge (SOC) and compare it to the proposed theory. An areal capacity dependent EIS analysis first gives insights into the feasibility of measuring kinetic and transport parameters, including the solid diffusion resistance of lithium, showing that low-areal capacity electrodes are required to predominantly probe the kinetics. We then show how the charge transfer kinetics follow a Butler-Volmer type concentration dependent behavior for lower concentrated electrolytes (≤1.5 M) but deviate from the proposed theory at higher salt concentrations. A further SOC dependent analysis shows how NCM 111 generally follows the proposed theory of U-shaped symmetric kinetics, but the limited oxidative stability window leads to practically asymmetric kinetics for charging and discharging. This asymmetry is visible in NCM 111 lithiation and delithiation rate tests, where upon lithiation the kinetics generally become slower for higher degrees of lithiation, limiting the performance.
Early-life exposure to cigarette smoke primes lung function and DNA methylation changes at Cyp1a1 upon exposure later in life
Authors: Onuzulu Chinonye Doris , Lee Samantha , Basu Sujata , Comte Jeannette , Hai Yan , Hizon Nikho , Chadha Shivam , Fauni Maria Shenna , Kahnamoui Shana , Xiang Bo , Halayko Andrew J. , Dolinsky Vernon W. , Pascoe Christopher D. , Jones Meaghan J.
Published: August 2023

Here, we isolated effects of prenatal from early postnatal cigarette smoke and showed that exposure to cigarette smoke early in life causes changes in offspring DNA methylation at Cyp1a1 that last through early adulthood but not into late adulthood. We also showed that smoking in adulthood reestablished these DNA methylation patterns at Cyp1a1, suggesting that a mechanism other than DNA methylation results in long-term memory associated with early-life cigarette smoke exposures at this gene.
A Model‐Free Feature Selection Technique of Feature Screening and Random Forest‐Based Recursive Feature Elimination
Authors: Xia Siwei , Yang Yuehan
Published: August 2023

This paper studies data with mass features, commonly observed in applications such as text classification and medical diagnosis. We allow data to have several structures without requiring a specific model and propose an efficient model‐free feature selection procedure. The proposed method can work with various types of datasets. We demonstrate that this method has several desirable properties, including high accuracy, model‐free, and computational efficiency and can be applied to practical problems with different modelings. We prove that the proposed method achieves selection consistency and L2 consistency under mild regularity conditions. We conduct simulations on various datasets, including data generated from the generalized linear model, additive model, Poisson regression, and binary classification model. These simulations illustrate the superior performance of the proposed method compared to other existing methods across different model settings. In addition, we apply our method to two real examples, the Tecator dataset and the Daily Demand Orders dataset, both of which are continuous and high dimensional. In both cases, our method consistently achieves high accuracy in prediction and model selection.
Workplace Social Support as a Mediating Factor in the Association between Occupational Stressors and Job Burnout: A Study in the Taiwanese Nursing Context
Authors: Wu Li-Chu , Chou Chia-Yi , Kao Chi-Ya
Published: August 2023

Aims and Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of job burnout among Taiwanese nurses, specifically exploring the mediating role of workplace social support in the association between nurses’ stressors and this burnout. Background. Nurses confront high-stress, high-stakes work environments due to evolving disease patterns and growing healthcare needs. The nurse-patient ratio in Taiwan is higher than in other countries, necessitating effective strategies to mitigate nurse burnout and enhance the quality of patient care. Design. A cross-sectional study design was employed. Methods. From January to April 2019, 500 nurses were recruited from a medical center in Kaohsiung City, southern Taiwan. Participants completed a questionnaire addressing workplace social support, stressors faced by nurses, and job burnout. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, t-test evaluations, Pearson’s correlation analyses, and a structural equation model with maximum likelihood estimation. Results. The findings revealed that a portion of nurses experienced high rates of personal burnout (7.20%), work-related burnout (5.00%), and client-related burnout (4.80%). The relationships among workplace social support, nurses’ stressors, and job burnout were all substantial, exhibiting correlation coefficients ranging from −0.318 to 0.828. The direct effect of nurse stress on job burnout was 0.551, comprising 90.7% of the cumulative effect. In contrast, the indirect effect of nurse stress on job burnout, considering workplace social support, amounted to 9.3% of the total effect, with a value of 0.056. Conclusions. The study underscored the importance of addressing job burnout among nurses in Taiwan. Workplace social support may function as a mediating factor in the relationship between nurses’ stressors and job burnout. Implications for Nursing Management. The results suggest that healthcare administrators should prioritize workplace social support initiatives. These efforts could help identify and address nurses’ stressors, promote work-life balance, and reduce nurse-patient ratios and work overload.
Chemical and Physical Properties of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fillet Following Prolonged Feeding with Insect Meal-Based Diets
Authors: Gebremichael Askale , Szabó András , Sándor Zsuzsanna J. , Nagy Zoltán , Ali Omeralfaroug , Kucska Balázs
Published: August 2023

A 25-week experiment was undertaken to explore the effect of partial replacement of dietary fishmeal (FM) with black soldier fly meal (Hermetia illucens) (BS), mealworm meal (Tenebrio molitor) (MW), and a 1 : 1 mixture of both insect meals (BSMW) on fillet quality in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). A total of 96 fish with an average initial body weight of 248 ± 28 g were stocked into a recirculating aquaculture system and fed in four different dietary groups (control, BS, MW, and BSMW). No mortality was recorded in any of the groups. At the end of the feeding period, 24 fish (n = 6 for each treatment, weight between 690 and 822 g) were used for analysis. There was no alteration in filleting yield or other slaughter indices within experimental groups, except the hepatosomatic index. Among quality attributes, pH 24 hr postmortem exhibited a significant difference (

p
<
0.05

). In respect of the fatty acid profile, the n-6/n-3 ratio ranged between 1.17 and 1.40 but was not significantly modified by the partial replacement of FM. Similarly, the proximate composition of the fillets was not significantly different between the control and experimental diet groups. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acids ranged between 0.67 and 0.79 in the fillets, without significant differences between groups. The atherogenic index was increased in the BS group, as compared to the others; however, the thrombogenicity index of fillets was not significantly affected. Similarly, the conventional quality traits of the fillet, such as cooking, drip, and thawing losses, did not differ within treatments. This study demonstrates that the dietary inclusion of black soldier fly and/or mealworm meals used for African catfish at the tested inclusion level has negligible impact on fillet properties.
Study on Optimal Extraction and Hypoglycemic Effect of Quercetin
Authors: Zhang Lei , Pan Ming-yue , Li Tao , Jin Zhi-min , Liu Zhu , Liu Qiu-yue , Liu Yong , Ding Jia-yuan , Jiang Huan , Hou Xingchen
Published: August 2023

Quercetin was extracted from Portulaca oleracea L. through biphasic acid hydrolysis to investigate its potential as a suppressor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) and its hypoglycemic effect in type 2 diabetic mice. The extraction procedure was optimized utilizing the response surface method (RSM) in a single‐factor experimental setting. An extraction efficiency of 0.675% was achieved using the following optimized parameters: 0.064 mol/L vitriol, 1 : 109.155 solid‐liquid ratio, and 21.408 min ultrasonication. Overall, findings indicate the effectiveness of quercetin extraction. A mouse model for type 2 diabetes was established to receive oral treatment with various quercetin concentrations for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the DPP‐IV activity in the serum were significantly reduced. The weight and insulin levels of the mice in the quercetin group were raised compared to those in the model group (P < 0.01). Quercetin dose‐dependently inhibited postprandial blood glucose excursions, as demonstrated by the oral glucose tolerance test. These results confirmed that quercetin has hypoglycemic effects and considerably improves insulin sensitivity via DPP‐IV targeting.
Supplementary Data T5 from A Survey of Cancer Risk Behaviors, Beliefs, and Social Drivers of Health in New Hampshire and Vermont
Authors: Skipper Thomas A. , Weiss Julie E. , Carlos Heather A. , Gunn Christine M. , Hasson Rian M. , Peacock Janet L. , Schiffelbein Jenna E. , Tosteson Anna N.A. , Lansigan Frederick , Rees Judy R.
Published: August 2023

Social factors by rurality and educational attainment
Supplementary Data T3 from A Survey of Cancer Risk Behaviors, Beliefs, and Social Drivers of Health in New Hampshire and Vermont
Authors: Skipper Thomas A. , Weiss Julie E. , Carlos Heather A. , Gunn Christine M. , Hasson Rian M. , Peacock Janet L. , Schiffelbein Jenna E. , Tosteson Anna N.A. , Lansigan Frederick , Rees Judy R.
Published: August 2023

Cancer risk and prevention behaviors by rurality and educational attainment
Supplementary Table 5 from The Genetic Landscape of Ocular Adnexa MALT Lymphoma Reveals Frequent Aberrations in NFAT and MEF2B Signaling Pathways
Authors: Magistri Marco , Happ Lanie E. , Ramdial Jeremy , Lu XiaoQing , Stathias Vasileios , Kunkalla Kranthi , Agarwal Nitin , Jiang Xiaoyu , Schürer Stephan C. , Dubovy Sander R. , Chapman Jennifer R. , Vega Francisco , Dave Sandeep , Lossos Izidore S.
Published: August 2023

CABIN1 expression in Mutants.
Supplementary Table 4 from The Genetic Landscape of Ocular Adnexa MALT Lymphoma Reveals Frequent Aberrations in NFAT and MEF2B Signaling Pathways
Authors: Magistri Marco , Happ Lanie E. , Ramdial Jeremy , Lu XiaoQing , Stathias Vasileios , Kunkalla Kranthi , Agarwal Nitin , Jiang Xiaoyu , Schürer Stephan C. , Dubovy Sander R. , Chapman Jennifer R. , Vega Francisco , Dave Sandeep , Lossos Izidore S.
Published: August 2023

Pathway Variants Mutations shown in Figures 3 and 4.
FIGURE 5 from The Genetic Landscape of Ocular Adnexa MALT Lymphoma Reveals Frequent Aberrations in NFAT and MEF2B Signaling Pathways
Authors: Magistri Marco , Happ Lanie E. , Ramdial Jeremy , Lu XiaoQing , Stathias Vasileios , Kunkalla Kranthi , Agarwal Nitin , Jiang Xiaoyu , Schürer Stephan C. , Dubovy Sander R. , Chapman Jennifer R. , Vega Francisco , Dave Sandeep , Lossos Izidore S.
Published: August 2023

Effects of CABIN1 deletion and mutations on the NFAT and MEF2B transcriptional activities. A, Western blot analysis of CABIN1 expression in WT SSK41 cells or in SSK41 cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing either a control shRNA or CABIN1-specific shRNAs. The expression of the housekeeping gene GAPDH was used as a loading control. B, Luciferase reporter assay for NFAT (top) and MEF2 (bottom) transcriptional activity in SSK41 cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing either a control shRNA or CABIN1-specific shRNAs. Where indicated, cells were stimulated for 4 hours with α-IgM F(ab’)2. *, P = 0.001; **, P < 0.0002. C, Western blot analysis of CABIN1 expression in WT SSK41 cells or in SSK41 cells in which CABIN1 was initially knocked down using 3′-UTR targeting shRNA followed by expression of HA-tagged CABIN1 WT or mutants. CABIN1 was detected using anti-CABIN1 and anti-HA antibodies, while expression of the housekeeping gene GAPDH was used as a loading control. D, Luciferase reporter assay for NFAT (top) and MEF2 (bottom) transcriptional activity in SSK41 CABIN1 KD cells and cells expressing indicated CABIN1 constructs as shown in C. Where indicated, cells were stimulated for 4 hours with α-IgM F(ab’)2, in comparison to stimulated HA-WT: *, P < 0.005; **, P < 0.0001; ***, P = 0.00006. E, Representative immunoprecipitation (IP) assays with anti-HA antibodies using whole-cell protein extracts from unstimulated and α-IgM F(ab’)2–stimulated SSK141 cells expressing different CABIN1 mutants, as shown in C followed by Western blotting using indicated antibodies. Also shown mean and SD of relative SIN3A densitometry adjusted to immunoprecipitated CABIN1 in each cell type versus WT cells from three independent experiments. Statistical analyses of relative densitometry in mutants versus WT cells. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.
FIGURE 2 from The Genetic Landscape of Ocular Adnexa MALT Lymphoma Reveals Frequent Aberrations in NFAT and MEF2B Signaling Pathways
Authors: Magistri Marco , Happ Lanie E. , Ramdial Jeremy , Lu XiaoQing , Stathias Vasileios , Kunkalla Kranthi , Agarwal Nitin , Jiang Xiaoyu , Schürer Stephan C. , Dubovy Sander R. , Chapman Jennifer R. , Vega Francisco , Dave Sandeep , Lossos Izidore S.
Published: August 2023

Characterization of mutational processes. A, Heat map showing the contribution of each of the 47 COSMIC mutation signatures to each individual tumor. B, Number (top) and proportion (bottom) of mutations in each tumor that are attributed to the top 12 most prevalent signatures. C, Relative enrichment of the top 12 most prevalent signatures in the 20 most recurrently mutated genes.