bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poor Concordance of One‐Third Anterior–Posterior Chest Diameter Measurements With Absolute Age‐Specific Chest Compression Depth Targets in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Ong Gene Y. , Chen Zhao Jin , Niles Dana E. , Srinivasan Vijay , Sen Anita I. , Skellett Sophie , Ikeyama Takanari , del Castillo Jimena , Berg Robert A. , Nadkarni Vinay M.
Published: July 2023

Background

Current pediatric cardiac arrest guidelines recommend depressing the chest by one‐third anterior–posterior diameter (APD), which is presumed to equate to absolute age‐specific chest compression depth targets (4 cm for infants and 5 cm for children). However, no clinical studies during pediatric cardiac arrest have validated this presumption. We aimed to study the concordance of measured one‐third APD with absolute age‐specific chest compression depth targets in a cohort of pediatric patients with cardiac arrest.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective observational study from a multicenter, pediatric resuscitation quality collaborative (pediRES‐Q [Pediatric Resuscitation Quality Collaborative]) from October 2015 to March 2022. In‐hospital patients with cardiac arrest ≤12 years old with APD measurements recorded were included for analysis. One hundred eighty‐two patients (118 infants >28 days old to <1 year old, and 64 children 1 to 12 years old) were analyzed. The mean one‐third APD of infants was 3.2 cm (SD, 0.7 cm), which was significantly smaller than the 4 cm target depth (
P
<0.001). Seventeen percent of the infants had one‐third APD measurements within the 4 cm ±10% target range. For children, the mean one‐third APD was 4.3 cm (SD, 1.1 cm). Thirty‐nine percent of children had one‐third APD within the 5 cm ±10% range. Except for children 8 to 12 years old and overweight children, the measured mean one‐third APD of the majority of the children was significantly smaller than the 5 cm depth target (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions

There was poor concordance between measured one‐third APD and absolute age‐specific chest compression depth targets, particularly for infants. Further study is needed to validate current pediatric chest compression depth targets and evaluate the optimal chest compression depth to improve cardiac arrest outcomes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02708134.
Positive Airway Pressure Therapy Adherence and Health Care Resource Use in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Cistulli Peter A. , Malhotra Atul , Cole Kate V. , Malik Anita S. , Pépin Jean‐Louis , Sert Kuniyoshi Fatima H. , Benjafield Adam V. , Somers Virend K. , Cistulli Peter A. , Malhotra Atul , Pépin Jean‐Louis , Benjafield Adam V. , Sterling Kimberly L. , Nunez Carlos M. , Barrett Meredith , Armitstead Jeff
Published: July 2023

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, current evidence is equivocal regarding the potential benefits of treating OSA with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in HFpEF. This study assessed the association between adherence to PAP therapy and health care resource use in patients with OSA and HFpEF.

Methods and Results

Administrative insurance claims data linked with objective PAP therapy usage data from patients with OSA and HFpEF were used to determine associations between PAP adherence and a composite outcome including hospitalizations and emergency room visits. One‐year PAP adherence was based on an adapted US Medicare definition. Propensity score methods were used to create groups with similar characteristics across PAP adherence levels. The study cohort included 4237 patients (54.0% female, mean age 64.1 years); 40% were considered adherent to PAP therapy (30% intermediate adherent, 30% nonadherent). In the matched cohort, PAP‐adherent patients had fewer health care resource use visits than nonadherent patients, a 57% decrease in hospitalizations, and a 36% decrease in emergency room visits versus the year before PAP initiation. Total health care costs were lower in adherent patients than nonadherent patients ($12 732 versus $15 610,
P
<0.001). Outcomes for intermediately adherent patients were most similar to those for nonadherent patients.

Conclusions

Treating OSA with PAP therapy in patients with HFpEF was associated with a reduction in health care resource use. These data highlight the importance of managing concomitant OSA in patients with HFpEF, and the need for strategies to enhance PAP adherence in this population.
Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Hurskainen Matilda , Tynkkynen Juho , Eskola Markku , Lehtimäki Terho , Hernesniemi Jussi
Published: July 2023

Background

Stroke incidence is elevated after acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The aim of this study was to characterize risk factors related to ischemic stroke (IS) after ACS.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective registry study based on the data of 8049 consecutive patients treated for ACS between 2007 and 2018 in Tays Heart Hospital with a follow‐up until December 31, 2020. Potential risk factors were identified by in‐depth review of written hospital records and causes‐of‐death registry data maintained by Statistics Finland. The association between individual risk factors, early‐onset IS (0–30 days after ACS, n=82), and late‐onset IS (31 days to 14 years after ACS, n=419) were analyzed using logistic regression and subdistribution hazard analysis. In multivariable analysis, the most substantial risk factors for early‐ and late‐onset IS were previous stroke, atrial fibrillation or flutter, and heart failure status depicted by the Killip classification. Left ventricular ejection fraction and coronary artery disease severity were significant risk factors for early‐onset IS; age and peripheral artery disease were significant risk factors for late‐onset IS. The risk of early‐onset IS with ≥6 CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score points (odds ratio, 6.63 [95% Cl, 3.63–12.09];
P
<0.001) was notable compared with patients with 1 to 3 points as well as the risk of late‐onset IS with ≥6 points (subdistribution hazard, 6.03 [95% Cl, 3.71–9.81];
P
<0.001) in comparison with patients with 1 point.

Conclusions

Factors related to high thromboembolic risk also predict IS risk after ACS. CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score and its individual components are strong predictors for both early‐ and late‐onset IS.
Outcomes of COVID‐19–Positive Donor Heart Transplantation in the United States
Authors: Kim Samuel T. , Iyengar Amit , Helmers Mark R. , Weingarten Noah , Rekhtman David , Song Cindy , Shin Max , Cevasco Marisa , Atluri Pavan
Published: July 2023

Background

Little is known regarding the impact of donor COVID‐19 status on recipient outcomes after heart transplantation. In this study, we characterize outcomes of the first 110 heart transplants from organ donors positive for COVID‐19 (COVID‐19+) in the United States.

Methods and Results

Retrospective analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database was performed for single‐organ adult heart transplants from January 2020 to March 2022. Donor COVID‐19+ status was defined as a positive nucleic acid amplification, antigen, or other COVID‐19 test within 7 days of transplant. Nearest‐neighbor propensity score matching used to adjust for differences between recipients of COVID‐19+ and nonpositive donor hearts. Overall, 7251 heart transplants were included in analysis, with 110 using COVID‐19+ donor hearts. Recipients of COVID‐19+ allografts were younger (54 [interquartile range, 41–61]) versus 57 [46–64] years;
P
=0.02) but had similar rates of female sex and non‐White race compared with those receiving allografts from negative donors. Nearest‐neighbor propensity score matching resulted in 100 well‐matched pairs of recipients of COVID‐19+ versus nonpositive donor organs. The 2 matched groups had similar median lengths of stay (15 [11–23] days versus 15 [13–23] days;
P
=0.40), rates of graft failure (1% versus 0%;
P
=0.99), 30‐day death (3% versus 3%;
P
=0.99), and 3‐month survival (88% versus 94%;
P
=0.23) compared with recipients of nonpositive donors. No deaths occurred due to COVID‐19 infection among the 8 (7%) total deceased recipients of COVID‐19+ allografts to date.

Conclusions

Short‐term outcomes of heart transplant recipients receiving COVID‐19+ donor organs are reassuring. However, continued monitoring for long‐term survival and potential complications are warranted.
Does Malignancy Status Effect Outcomes in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke and Cancer Who Underwent Endovascular Thrombectomy?
Authors: Shalabi Fatma , Sacagiu Tzvika , Honig Asaf , Molad Jeremy , Itsekson‐Hayosh Zeev , Hallevi Hen , Orion David , Aladin Shorooq , Gomori John M. , Cohen Jose E. , Leker Ronen R.
Published: July 2023

Background

Cancer is associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke, including large vessel occlusions. Whether cancer status affects outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusions that undergo endovascular thrombectomy remains unknown.

Methods and Results

All consecutive patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusions were recruited into a prospective ongoing multicenter database, and the data were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with active cancer were compared with patients with cancer in remission. Association of cancer status with 90‐day functional outcome and mortality were calculated in multivariable analyses. We identified 154 patients with cancer and large vessel occlusions that underwent endovascular thrombectomy (mean age, 74±11; 43% men; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 15). Of the included patients, 70 (46%) had a remote history of cancer or cancer in remission, and 84 (54%) had active disease. Outcome data at 90 days poststroke were available for 138 patients (90%) and was classified as favorable in 53 (38%). Patients with active cancer were younger and more often smoked but did not significantly differ from those without malignancy in other risk factors, stroke severity, stroke subtype, or procedural variables. Favorable outcome rates among patients with active cancer did not significantly differ compared with those seen in patients without active cancer, but mortality rates were significantly higher among patients with active cancer on univariate and multivariable analyses.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that endovascular thrombectomy is safe and efficacious in patients with history of malignancy as well as in those with active cancer at the time of stroke onset, although mortality rates are higher among patients with active cancer.
Tmax Mismatch Ratio to Identify Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis‐Related Large‐Vessel Occlusion Before Endovascular Therapy
Authors: Yoshimoto Takeshi , Inoue Manabu , Tanaka Kanta , Koge Junpei , Shiozawa Masayuki , Kamogawa Naruhiko , Ishiyama Hiroyuki , Abe Soichiro , Imamura Hirotoshi , Kataoka Hiroharu , Koga Masatoshi , Ihara Masafumi , Toyoda Kazunori
Published: July 2023

Background

We aimed to clarify which time‐to‐maximum of the tissue residue function (Tmax) mismatch ratio is useful in predicting anterior intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS)–related large‐vessel occlusion (LVO) before endovascular therapy.

Methods and Results

Patients with ischemic stroke who underwent perfusion‐weighted imaging before endovascular therapy for anterior intracranial LVO were divided into those with ICAS‐related LVO and those with embolic LVO. Tmax ratios of >10 s/>8 s, >10 s/>6 s, >10 s/>4 s, >8 s/>6 s, >8 s/>4 s, and >6 s/>4 s were considered Tmax mismatch ratios. Binominal logistic regression was used to identify ICAS‐related LVO, and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% CI for each Tmax mismatch ratio increase of 0.1 were calculated. A similar analysis was performed for ICAS‐related LVO with and without embolic sources, using embolic LVO as the reference. Of 213 patients (90 women [42.0%]; median age, 79 years), 39 (18.3%) had ICAS‐related LVO. The aOR (95% CI) per 0.1 increase in Tmax mismatch ratio in ICAS‐related LVO with embolic LVO as reference was lowest with Tmax mismatch ratio >10 s/>6 s (0.56 [0.43–0.73]). Multinomial logistic regression analysis also showed the lowest aOR (95% CI) per 0.1 increase in Tmax mismatch ratio with Tmax >10 s/>6 s (ICAS‐related LVO without embolic source: 0.60 [0.42–0.85]; ICAS‐related LVO with embolic source: 0.55 [0.38–0.79]).

Conclusions

A Tmax mismatch ratio of >10 s/>6 s was the optimal predictor of ICAS‐related LVO compared with other Tmax profiles, with or without an embolic source before endovascular therapy.

Registration

clinicaltrials.gov
. Identifier NCT02251665.
Coexistence of Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease Is a More Potent Risk Factor for Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Miyamori Daisuke , Tanaka Marenao , Sato Tatsuya , Endo Keisuke , Mori Kazuma , Mikami Takuma , Hosaka Itaru , Hanawa Nagisa , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Furuhashi Masato
Published: July 2023

Background

Metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), defined as fatty liver with overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes, or metabolic abnormalities, is a newly proposed disease. However, it remains unclear whether the coexistence of MAFLD and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a more potent risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods and Results

We investigated the risk of the combination of MAFLD and CKD for development of IHD during a 10‐year follow‐up period in 28 990 Japanese subjects who received annual health examinations. After exclusion of subjects without data for abdominal ultrasonography or with the presence of IHD at baseline, a total of 14 141 subjects (men/women: 9195/4946; mean age, 48 years) were recruited. During the 10‐year period (mean, 6.9 years), 479 subjects (men/women, 397/82) had new onset of IHD. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed significant differences in rates of the cumulative incidence of IHD in subjects with and those without MAFLD (n=4581) and CKD (n=990; stages 1/2/3/4–5, 198/398/375/19). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model analyses showed that coexistence of MAFLD and CKD, but not MAFLD or CKD alone, was an independent predictor for development of IHD after adjustment for age, sex, current smoking habit, family history of IHD, overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (hazard ratio, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.02–2.22]). The addition of the combination of MAFLD and CKD to traditional risk factors for IHD significantly improved the discriminatory capability.

Conclusions

The coexistence of MAFLD and CKD predicts new onset of IHD better than does MAFLD or CKD alone.
Frailty, Treatments, and Outcomes in Older Patients With Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Registry‐Based Study
Authors: Christensen Daniel Mølager , Strange Jarl Emanuel , Falkentoft Alexander Christian , El‐Chouli Mohamad , Ravn Pauline B. , Ruwald Anne Christine , Fosbøl Emil , Køber Lars , Gislason Gunnar , Sehested Thomas S. G. , Schou Morten
Published: July 2023

Background

Guidelines recommend that patients with myocardial infarction (MI) receive equal care regardless of age. However, withholding treatment may be justified in elderly and frail patients. This study aimed to investigate trends in treatments and outcomes of older patients with MI according to frailty.

Methods and Results

All patients aged ≥75 years with first‐time MI during 2002 to 2021 were identified through Danish nationwide registries. Frailty was categorized using the Hospital Frailty Risk Score. One‐year risk and hazard ratios (HRs) for days 0 to 28 and 29 to 365 were calculated for all‐cause death. A total of 51 022 patients with MI were included (median, 82 years; 50.2% women). Intermediate/high frailty increased from 26.7% in 2002 to 2006 to 37.1% in 2017 to 2021. Use of treatment increased substantially regardless of frailty: for example, 28.1% to 48.0% (statins), 21.8% to 33.7% (dual antiplatelet therapy), and 7.6% to 28.0% (percutaneous coronary intervention) for high frailty (all
P
‐trend <0.001). One‐year death decreased for low frailty (35.1%–17.9%), intermediate frailty (49.8%–31.0%), and high frailty (62.8%–45.6%), all
P
‐trend <0.001. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted 29‐ to 365‐day HRs (2017–2021 versus 2002–2006) were 0.53 (0.48–0.59), 0.62 (0.55–0.70), and 0.62 (0.46–0.83) for low, intermediate, and high frailty, respectively (
P
‐interaction=0.23). When additionally adjusted for treatment, HRs attenuated to 0.74 (0.67–0.83), 0.83 (0.74–0.94), and 0.78 (0.58–1.05), respectively, indicating that increased use of treatment may account partially for the observed improvements.

Conclusions

Use of guideline‐based treatments and outcomes improved concomitantly in older patients with MI, irrespective of frailty. These results indicate that guideline‐based management of MI may be reasonable in the elderly and frail.
Explaining diverging views on social structure in ex-Czechoslovakia: Does unemployment experience make subjective perceptions more pessimistic?
Authors: Bahna Miloslav , Ivanková Paula
Published: July 2023

Perceptions of social structure typically only change gradually and their connection to economic development seems to be indirect at best. Times of rapid socioeconomic transformations such as the transition of state-socialist economies to market economy or the disintegration of a common state might witness more notable changes. Using data from four rounds of the ISSP Social Inequality module, we model how people see their position and the structure of their society on the example of the two ex-Czechoslovak countries. Both post-communist societies share the beginning of the transition to a free market economy in 1989 but are divided by starkly contrasting impacts of the transition on their labor market. We show that views on social structure in the ex-Czechoslovak countries diverge over time with Slovaks more frequently describing their society as highly unequal and seeing their position as lower in the social structure. We find support for the assumption that experiences with unemployment lower subjective social position and can be used to explain lower positioning of respondents in the Slovak sample. With regard to views on social structure, we find no clear connection to unemployment experiences. The chronically high unemployment levels in Slovakia therefore do not explain the higher tendency of Slovaks to see their society as highly polarized. Contrary to subjective social position, views on the overall social structure are most likely shaped by factors beyond immediate personal experience with economic insecurity.
Thermal resistance prediction of aerogel fabrics after repeated washing based on small-sample data
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Fuxiang , Wang Yunyi , Li Jun
Published: July 2023

Aerogel fibers utilized in thermal protective apparel exhibit exceptional heat insulation capabilities; however, concerns arise regarding potential degradation due to the detachment of aerogel particles during repeated washing. Accurate prediction of aerogel fiber thermal resistance is critical for assessing hydrothermal aging in aerogel textiles, yet the precision of such predictions is significantly hindered by limited sample data and numerous uncertainties constrained by testing time and expenses. The present study endeavors to ascertain the optimal parameters dictating aerogel fabric thermal resistance post-washing and establish a prediction model based on these variables using small-sample data. Four aerogel fabric candidates were selected and subjected to multiple washing cycles (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 cycles). Gray relational analysis (GRA) was initially employed to prioritize the primary thermal resistance parameters, thereby identifying the interrelations among various factors and circumventing the unreasonable equal treatment of samples in conventional gray predictions. Subsequently, a discrete gray linear regression (DGLR) algorithm was proposed and validated to estimate thermal resistance using input from four principal fabric parameters: the fabric weight, thickness, air permeability, and surface temperature distribution coefficient. The findings revealed that the GRA-DGLR model achieved relatively high accuracy, closely aligning with the experimental results. Following repeated washing, aerogel fabric thermal resistance diminished, with the air permeability, weight, thickness, and surface temperature distribution coefficient ranked in descending order of significance. This investigation highlights the considerable impact of repeated washing on aerogel fabric thermal resistance and the efficacy of the GRA-DGLR model in estimating this parameter.
Computer-based cognitive training for cognitive development of alcohol-exposed children in South Africa: a feasibility randomised control trial
Authors: Louw Jacobus , van Heerden Alastair , Broodryk Mandi , White Liska , Olivier Leana , Tomlinson Mark
Published: July 2023

Children exposed to alcohol in utero may suffer from cognitive and physical sequelae. The most impactful damage in terms of daily functioning is to higher order cognitive functions involved in planning and goal-directed behaviour, referred to as executive functions. Cognitive training interventions are used as a remedial tool for executive function deficits but require implementation by professionals. For the South African context, where resources are limited, a tablet computer-based cognitive training game was developed. This study aimed to establish the feasibility of implementing and evaluating this intervention in South Africa for children exposed to alcohol prenatally. This was a three-arm feasibility randomised control trial comparing an alcohol exposed intervention arm, to an alcohol exposed control arm, and a non-exposed normative arm. Arm allocation was based on self-reported maternal alcohol use during a structured interview. To assess feasibility, we evaluated participant recruitment and barriers to implementation. Executive functions were measured at baseline and following intervention to evaluate the preliminary impact of the intervention. No significant differences were found between the three arms on the post-intervention assessments. The retention rate was acceptable for a randomised control trial; however, there was significant variance in the length of time spent playing the game overall. The majority of participants learned to play the game quickly and progressed through the difficulty levels. In conclusion, a full randomised control trial using the recruitment, randomisation and implementation method would be suitable in the South African context. The statistical outcomes of this trial do not support a full-scale randomised control trial of this intervention.
Caseness and comorbidity of probable (complex) post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in survivors of genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda: the role of social determinants
Authors: Mutuyimana Celestin , Thoma Myriam V , Maercker Andreas , Sezibera Vincent , Heim Eva
Published: July 2023

Numerous studies have been conducted among survivors of the genocide against the Tutsi on the prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. However, thus far, no studies provide information on the frequency of comorbidity of these disorders, the prevalence of the new trauma-related diagnostic disorder known as complex post-traumatic stress disorder, and the role of social determinants, such as age, sex, marital status, employment category, education, and location, in the occurrence of these disorders. The present study was conducted to address these gaps. Genocide survivors ( N = 261 participants; M = 46.30, SD = 11.95, females = 52.9%) took part in the study. They completed the International Trauma Questionnaire, the Public Health Depression Questionnaire, and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analyses, bivariate analyses with two-tailed chi-square tests, and logistic regression were used to determine the prevalence of the above-mentioned disorders, comorbidity, and the associations between the social determinants and the assessed psychopathologies. Of the total sample, 47.1% presented with at least one of the assessed probable mental health disorders: 15.3% ( n = 40) met the criteria for probable post-traumatic stress disorder, 15.3% ( n = 40) for probable complex post-traumatic stress disorder, and 38.7% ( n = 101) for probable depression. Of the participants with probable post-traumatic stress disorder and complex post-traumatic stress disorder, nearly half met the criteria for probable depression. Being married but not living with the partner was associated with probable complex post-traumatic stress disorder, and unemployment was associated with probable depression. Our findings suggest to clinicians and policymakers that they should consider comorbidity and social determinants in their interventions.
To what extent do career agility and psychological capital activate employees’ career adaptability and foster their career resilience and career satisfaction?
Authors: Coetzee Melinde , Mbiko Headman Nkosiyakhetha , Nel Elzabe
Published: July 2023

The present study drew from the career construction theory of career adaptation and assessed the extent to which career agility and psychological capital (as psychological states of adaptive readiness) activated employees’ career adaptability resources and fostered their career resilience and career satisfaction (as modes of career adaptedness). A sample of ( N = 412; mean age = 38.79 years) Black African employees in the public services participated in the study. Correlational statistics showed positive associations between the study variables. Mediation effects highlighted technological adaptivity, agile learning, optimism, and hope as activators of career concern, career control, and career curiosity, which in turn boosted self-reliance, personal resilience, and work resilience. Psychological states of career agility and psychological capital had also direct effects on the career adaptedness modes of career resilience and career satisfaction. The findings enriched career adaptation theory and have utility for organisational career development practice in the public services.
Psychosocial correlates of well-being among people who engage in online health-seeking behaviour
Authors: Roomaney Rizwana , Popovac Maša
Published: July 2023

We examined the extent to which neuroticism, health anxiety, social anxiety, and social support predicted well-being in a sample of online users engaging in health-seeking behaviour. We used a cross-sectional online survey to recruit participants who engaged in online health-seeking behaviour. The study included 350 participants who were recruited online using social media platforms such as Reddit and Twitter. A multiple regression was conducted to examine the relationships between neuroticism, health anxiety, social anxiety, social support, and well-being. Participants completed a battery of measures on Survey Monkey consisting of a demographic questionnaire, International Personality Item Pool Big Five Markers, Leibowitz Social Anxiety scale, Short Health Anxiety Inventory, World Health Organisation Five Well-Being Index, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. We found significant negative correlations between the indicated psychological variables and well-being, indicating that higher levels of neuroticism, social anxiety, and health anxiety were related to lower levels of well-being. We also found significant, positive correlations between the social support variables and well-being, indicating that more social support was correlated with better well-being. The results of the multiple regression demonstrate that neuroticism, health anxiety, family support, and friend support were significant predictors of well-being.
Incipient fault detection and process monitoring of thermal power plant pulverizing system based on deep representation learning
Authors: Zeng Lei , Zhang Xin , Yu Ke , Jin Qiwen , Wu Yingchun , Chen Linghong , Wu Xuecheng
Published: July 2023

Process data in contemporary thermal power plants shows the characteristics of large capacity, strong coupling, and high-order nonlinearity, which brings great challenges to process monitoring and fault detection. A deep representation learning fault detection scheme based on stacked sparse denoising autoencoder (SSDAE) is proposed in this paper. Specifically, to enhance the capabilities of noise reduction and feature representation for complex industrial data, the sparse denoising autoencoder (SDAE) is proposed by considering both noise and sparsity constraints. Then, a deep learning architecture is constructed by stacking multiple SDAEs layer by layer to achieve a highly nonlinear representation capability. Based on the low-dimensional representation and residual distance of SSDAE, three monitoring indicators, RE2, MD2, and ZD2, are designed by different distance metrics and the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) discriminant rule. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by studying a nonlinear numerical case and a practical power plant pulverizing system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively detect incipient and slight faults that are difficult to detect with traditional methods.
Adaptive weighting strategy for fault detection and diagnosis of rotating machinery components incorporating multiple operational conditions
Authors: Zhao Yinghao , Yang Xu , Huang Jian , Wu Xia , Cui Jiarui
Published: July 2023

Driven by the increasing needs for production safety in mass varieties production process, an adaptive weighting strategy is proposed for fault detection and diagnosis to weaken the influence brought by the change of operational conditions. To this end, considering the correlation between features and operational conditions, representative features extracted from multi-domain are selected using max-relevance and min-redundancy (mRMR) to establish the connection between features and operational condition. On this basis, a health index (HI) is fused for fault detection based on adaptive weight coefficients calculated according to the difference of features. Moreover, the input weight matrix of extreme learning machine (ELM) is redesigned based on the adaptive weight coefficients and the historical information to curb the impact of random factors. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by rolling bearing test rig and industrial reciprocating pump. The results show that the rate of detection using the HI designed in this paper can reach 100% and the average diagnosis accuracy can reach [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
When Does Competence Matter? Character as a Moderator in the Development of Trust
Authors: Zheng Xuchang , Wang Wanxin , Pinto Jonathan
Published: July 2023

This article examines the relationship between the two fundamental attributes of the trustee: character and competence. Although the trust research predominantly adopts an additive perspective, our research emphasizes a moderation (i.e., multiplicative) relationship and the significance of their interaction. We find that competence is an important but not always reliable predictor of trust. First, the positive effect of competence is conditional on the trustee’s high character. Second, higher competence can have a lower marginal effect as character decreases. Furthermore, situational assurance weakens the effect of character on competence, which explains the additive joint effect found in previous research. Our modified trust game also makes a methodological contribution by examining the interaction between the various personal and situational sources of trust (as compared with the lone operationalization of character in the classic trust game). We discuss the shortcomings of the additive perspective and the implications of our method and findings.
“The Secret” to Success? The Psychology of Belief in Manifestation
Authors: Dixon Lucas J. , Hornsey Matthew J. , Hartley Nicole
Published: July 2023

We explored the psychology of those who believe in manifestation: the ability to cosmically attract success in life through positive self-talk, visualization, and symbolic actions (e.g., acting as if something is true). In three studies (collective N = 1,023), we developed a reliable and valid measure—the Manifestation Scale—and found over one third of participants endorsed manifestation beliefs. Those who scored higher on the scale perceived themselves as more successful, had stronger aspirations for success, and believed they were more likely to achieve future success. They were also more likely to be drawn to risky investments, have experienced bankruptcy, and to believe they could achieve an unlikely level of success more quickly. We discuss the potential positives and negatives of this belief system in the context of growing public desire for success and an industry that capitalizes on these desires.
Investigation of the patients with recurrent acute transfusion reactions: A single tertiary medical centre experience
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Yun , Chen Jin-Shuen , Yin Chun-Hao
Published: July 2023

Objective

To assess the spectrum of patients who developed recurrent acute transfusion reactions (TRs) and to characterize these recurrent TRs.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients who developed ≥2 acute TRs between April 2017 and March 2020 in a tertiary medical centre.

Results

Among 216 TRs that occurred after 2024 transfusions in 87 patients, 66 (75.9%) patients reported a history of transfusions before the first TR and 70 (80.5%) patients received further transfusions after the last TR; with the same type of TR and reaction to the same type of blood product observed in 59 (67.8%) patients and 56 (64.4%) patients, respectively. TRs were most commonly associated with packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions and a febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) was the most common type of TR. However, leukocyte reduced (LR) PRBCs were less common than LR platelets among transfusions with TR (22.7% [27/119] versus 75.0% [57/76], respectively) and premedication was prescribed before 196 of 216 (90.7%) transfusions with TR.

Conclusion

Most patients with recurrent TRs received repeated transfusions in addition to transfusions with TR. Instead of considering premedication, an increase in the use of LR might be the strategy to reduce the recurrence of TR.
Readjusting observational grids in dragonfly field guides
Authors: Turnhout Sander , Halffman Willem
Published: July 2023

Wildlife field guide books present salient features of species, from colour and form to behaviour, and give their readers a vocabulary to express what these features look like. Such structures for observation, or observational grids, allow users to identify wildlife species through what Law and Lynch have called ‘the difference that makes the difference’. In this article, we show how these grids, and the characteristics that distinguish species, change over time in response to wider concerns in the community that use and make the field guides. We use the development of Dutch field guides for dragonflies to show how the ethics of observing wildlife, the recreational value of dragonfly observation, the affordances of observational tools, and biodiversity monitoring and conservation goals all have repercussions for how dragonflies are to be identified. Ultimately, this affects not only how dragonflies are to be observed and identified, but also what is taken to be ‘out there’. The article is based on a transdisciplinary cooperation between a dragonfly enthusiast with emic knowledge and access, and an STS researcher. We hope the articulation of our approach might inspire analyses of other observational practices and communities.
Parents living with and beyond cancer: A scoping review of unmet supportive care needs and impact on daily life
Authors: Newman Robin , Kaldenberg Jennifer , Stursberg Laura , Pinto Brianna , Jimenez Christine , Glazer Kara
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Parenting is a valued and complex role that is shaped by culture and context, which can be significantly impacted by a cancer diagnosis. This scoping review explored the unmet supportive care needs and impact on daily life for parents living with and beyond cancer.

Methods:

We used the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guidelines to conduct a scoping review of the literature. Peer-reviewed literature published between January 2006 and December 2021 was searched using five databases: CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science.

Results:

A total of 47 articles were included in the review representing 14 countries. Unmet supportive care needs persist across physical, spiritual, psychological, social, informational, practical, emotional domains, regardless of cancer diagnosis, stage of cancer or phase of the cancer care continuum. These unmet needs significantly impacted the daily lives of mothers and fathers living with and beyond cancer throughout studies.

Conclusion:

The results from this review highlight the range of reported supportive care needs of parents and its impact potentially contributing to occupational disruption. This provides a unique opportunity for occupational therapy practitioners to contribute to the occupational needs of parents living with and beyond cancer as an integral member of the interprofessional cancer care team.
Formation of Fear and Adaptive Behavior in Young Ethnic Minority Women Riding Public Transport
Authors: Chowdhury Subeh , Patel Priya , Giridharan Varun , Ceccato Vania
Published: July 2023

Young ethnic minority women face unique challenges when riding public transport. The present study contributes by providing a narrative-based examination of young ethnic minority women’s formation of fear and adaptive behavior when using public transport. Twenty-nine ethnic minority women, under the age of 30, participated in a semi-structured interview in Auckland, New Zealand. Findings show that adaptive behavior commonly includes pre-planning nighttime trips, relying on their phones to act confident and engage in communication with family en-route, and appearing disinterested to reduce unwanted attention. These measures are expressions of women’s agency and their capacity to prevent victimization and manage fear, particularly in places where they feel unsafe, such as empty stations and dark or enclosed environments. Their lived experiences highlight the level of anxiety they experience on a regular basis. Participants discussed how they are acutely aware of their ethnicity (and appearance) when using public transport at all times of the day. They remain near exits and are constantly on high alert. They also discussed how, from an early age, women are educated in a culture of “stranger-danger” which in the long term erodes their confidence to travel independently and safely. These findings show that the current design of public transport systems does not adequately meet the travel needs of certain groups of women. Public transport authorities are encouraged to gain deeper insights into these issues and develop design strategies which promote inclusiveness.
Relationship between sexual quality of life and life satisfaction in women with urinary incontinence: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Güleryüz Alime , Altay Birsen
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the sexual quality of life and life satisfaction in women with urinary incontinence.

Methods:

This research is Correlational-descriptive research. Sample of the study consisted of 210 women with urinary incontinence. The data of the study were collected using “The Patient Information Form,” “The Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire” and “The Satisfaction with Life Scale.” In analyzing; Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal Wallis variance analysis were used.

Results:

It has been found that educational status, income status, menopause status, and frequency of urinary incontinence affect the sexual quality of life. A statistically significant positive moderate linear relationship was found between the mean SWLS scores and the mean SQOL scores ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

In this study, it was found that the sexual quality of life increased as The Life Satisfaction Of Women With Urinary Incontinence Increased.
Climate Silence in Sociology? How Elite American Sociology, Environmental Sociology, and Science and Technology Studies Treat Climate Change
Authors: Scoville Caleb , McCumber Andrew
Published: July 2023

Climate change is among the most pressing problems of our time, yet it remains a marginal topic in sociology. This study draws on citation network analysis, qualitative coding, and computational text analysis of articles published between 2015 and 2020 in select journals in U.S. elite sociology, environmental sociology, and science and technology studies (STS) to better understand differences and similarities in how these (sub)fields approach—or ignore—climate change. We map the structural relations of the research on climate change in these (sub)fields and analyze patterns in the substantive and theoretical engagement with the topic. Building on our analysis, we conclude by suggesting potential paths for stimulating further climate change research at the intersection of environmental sociology and STS and to propose tentative strategies for researchers to bring climate change into the sociological mainstream.
Long-term Consequences of Men’s Migration for Women’s Well-being in a Rural African Setting
Authors: Agadjanian Victor , Chae Sophia
Published: July 2023

Labor migration is a massive global reality, and its effects on the well-being of nonmigrating household members vary considerably. However, much existing research is limited to cross-sectional or short-term assessments of these effects. This study uses unique longitudinal panel data collected over 12 years in rural Mozambique to examine long-term connections of women’s exposure to husband’s labor migration with women’s material security, their perception of their households’ relative economic standing in the community, their overall life satisfaction, and their expectations of future improvements in household conditions. To capture the cumulative quality of such exposure, we use two approaches: one based on migrant remittances (“objective”) and the other based on woman’s own assessment of migration’s impact on the household (“subjective”). The multivariable analyses detect a significant positive association between “objective” migration quality and household assets, regardless of women’s current marital status and other characteristics. However, net of household assets, “objective” quality shows a positive association with life satisfaction, but not with perceived relative standing of the household or future expectations. In comparison, “subjective” quality is positively associated with all the outcomes even after controlling for other characteristics. These findings illustrate the gendered complexities of long-term migration impact on nonmigrants’ well-being.
Dry-sliding wear properties of 3D printed PETG/SCF/OMMT nanocomposites: Experimentation and model predictions using artificial neural network
Authors: Mahesh Vinyas , George Jerin P , Mahesh Vishwas , Chakraborthy Himadree , Mukunda Sriram , Ponnusami Sathiskumar Anusuya
Published: July 2023

In this article, an attempt has been made to experimentally investigate the synergistic effect of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay and short carbon fibers (SCFs) on the tribological behaviour of additively manufactured Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) based nanocomposites. The tribo-specimens are 3D printed using fused deposition modelling (FDM). The tribological properties, that is, specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (CoF) of various PETG/SCF/OMMT nanocomposites were assessed by performing dry-sliding wear test. In addition, an artificial neural network (ANN) methodology is proposed to accurately predict the wear performance of PETG nanocomposites. The ANN model is trained using the datasets obtained from the experimentation. For the training of the ANN model, the Levenberg–Marquardt optimisation algorithm with 10 neurons along with a tangent sigmoid activation function is utilised. Additional experimentation was performed for arbitrary load and sliding velocity which were not used for training the ANN model and the results were compared to assess the predictive capability of the ANN model on unseen data. The proposed ANN methodology predicted the SWR and CoF with agreeable accuracy. It is believed that by adopting the proposed ANN methodology, the experimentation costs and time can be significantly reduced without compromising on the accuracy of the results.
Toxic effects of ship exhaust gas closed-loop scrubber wash water
Authors: Ji Zhiyi , Yang Yunqi , Zhu Ying , Ling Yun , Ren Dezhang , Zhang Nahui , Huo Zhibao
Published: July 2023

To meet the strict requirements of reducing sulfur emissions, an increasing number of commercial ships have installed exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCSs). However, wash water produced during the cleaning process is discharged back to the marine environment. We investigated the effects of closed-loop scrubber (natrium-alkali method) wash water on three trophic species . Severe toxic effects were found when Dunaliella salina, Mysidopsis bahia, and Mugilogobius chulae were exposed to 0.63–6.25, 0.63–10, and 1.25–20% concentrations of wash water, respectively. The 50% effective concentration in 96 h (EC50-96 h) for D. salina was 2.48%, and the corresponding total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were 22.81 and 23.67  μg L−1. The 50% lethal concentration in 7 d (LC50-7 d) values for M. bahia and M. chulae were 3.57% and 20.50%, respectively. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values for M. bahia and M. chulae were 1.25% and 2.5%, respectively, and the corresponding total PAHs and heavy metals were 11.50 and 11.93 and 22.99 and 23.86  μg L−1. M. bahia’s body weight was negatively correlated with the amount of wash water. Low concentrations of wash water (0–5%) had no significant effect on the reproduction of M. bahia. Although concentrations of 16 PAHs and 8 heavy metals are known, different compounds might react with each other and form more unknown toxic substances, and the measured toxicity comes from synergistic effects between various pollutants. Therefore, future work is needed to clarify other more toxic contaminants in wash water. We highly recommend that wash water be treated before being discharged to the marine environment.
Water-soluble Yb3+, Er3+ codoped NaYF4 nanoparticles induced SGC-7901 cell apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-mediated ER stress
Authors: Liu Chen , Sun Shaoqiang , Mao Jingwei
Published: July 2023

Background

Nanoparticles are potential luminescent probes; among them, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) are currently being developed as fluorescent probes for biomedical applications. However, the molecular mechanisms of UCNP in human gastric cell lines remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to examine UCNP cytotoxicity to SGC-7901 cells and explore its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

The effects of 50–400 μg/mL UCNP on human gastric adenocarcinoma (SGC-7901) cells were investigated. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), intracellular Ca2+ levels, and apoptosis. Activated caspase-3 and nine activities were measured; meanwhile, cytochrome C (Cyt C) in the cytosol and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), 94 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP94), calpain-1, and calpain-2 protein levels were also detected.

Results

UCNP inhibited the viability of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and increased the proportion of cell apoptosis. Exposure to UCNP enhanced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, elevated the level of ROS, decreased ΔΨm, increased intracellular Ca2+ and Cyt C protein levels, decreased the levels of phosphorylated Akt, increased the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and upregulated the protein expression of GRP-78, GRP-94, calpain-1 and calpain-2 in SGC-7901 cells.

Conclusion

UCNP induced SGC-7901 cell apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, initiating the caspase-9/caspase-3 cascade.