bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prescribing pattern of anti-hypertensive medications among hypertensive outpatients at selected hospitals of South Gondar Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia: a hospital based cross sectional study
Authors: Yazie Taklo Simeneh , Yimer Yohannes Shumet , Belete Abebe Muche , Desta Getaye Tessema
Published: December 2022

Background

Irrational prescription has a lion share for uncontrolled blood pressure. There is no study assessing prescription pattern among hypertensive patients at the study sites. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate prescription patterns for hypertension and blood pressure (BP) control at randomly selected hospitals of South Gondar Zone.

Methods

A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2020 to February 30, 2021. Hypertensive patients were selected by systematic random sampling proportionally from study hospitals. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic chacteristics and adherence. Data abstraction form was used to collect prescription patterns, BP level and other necessary information. The association of prescription patterns and other variables with blood pressure control was determined by using binary logistic regression.

Results

All recruited 423 patients were included in data analysis. Among prescriptions for hypertension, on average 93.5% were found to be in line with WHO guideline. About 53% of prescriptions for hypertension were monotherapies. Patient level low medication regimen complexity, and monotherapy were associated with blood pressure control (Ajusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.04, [1.07–3.91]; AOR = 3.83 [1.42–10.35], respectively). Patients with inappropriate drug selection, and non-adherence were less likely to have controlled BP (AOR = 0.47 [0.26–0.85]; AOR = 0.52 [0.34–0.85], respectively). Moreover, patients who didn’t have health insurance and follow regular aerobic exercise were less likely to have controlled BP (AOR = 0.42 [0.26–0.68]; AOR = 0.53 [0.32–0.88], respectively).

Conclusion

Diuretics were the most frequently prescribed drug in monotherapy and in combination with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) as dual therapy. On average, more than 90% of prescription was in accordance with WHO guideline and around one-third of participants experienced at least one moderate or major drug-drug interaction. Patient level low medication regimen complexity and monotherapy were positively associated with BP control whereas, non-adherence, inappropriate drug selection, having no health insurance, and didn’t follow regular aerobic exercise were negatively associated with BP control. Clinicians should be adherent to treatment guidelines and focus on modifiable factors to improve BP control.
Hydrogen sulfide attenuates lung injury instigated by Bisphenol-A via suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Abo-Zaid Omayma A. R. , Moawed Fatma S. M. , Hassan Hend A. , Moustafa Enas M.
Published: December 2022

The xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA), a commonly used industrial chemical, has been linked to endocrine disruption. The point of the study was to consider the effects of chronic BPA exposure on the respiratory system of adult female rats, and the potential mitigating benefits of Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a donor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) administration. Detect biomarkers in Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), including total protein content, Total cell counts, Neutrophils %, ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)-1 and TGF-β (Transforming growth factor beta). NaHS significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β and MCAF,) also reduce (i.e. VCAM-1, VEGF, VIM, MMP-2, MMP-9), and reduced malondialdehyde and augmented activities of SOD and GSH-PX. Notably, H2S induced a marked decrease in the expression levels of p-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK), p–c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and p-p38, H2S inhibits BPA-induced inflammation and injury in alveolar epithelial cells. These results suggest NaHS may prevent inflammation via the suppression of the ERK/JNK/ p-p38MAPK signaling pathway, Subsequent inhibition of inflammation, epithelial cell injury, and apoptosis may be providing insight into potential avenues for the treatment of lung injury.
Three-dimensional cephalometric outcome predictability of virtual orthodontic-surgical planning in surgery-first approach
Authors: Badiali Giovanni , Bevini Mirko , Gulotta Chiara , Lunari Ottavia , Incerti Parenti Serena , Pironi Marco , Bianchi Alberto , Felice Pietro , Marchetti Claudio
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study is to introduce a novel 3D cephalometric analysis (3DCA) and to validate its use in evaluating the reproducibility of virtual orthodontic-surgical planning (VOSP) in surgery-first approach (SF) comparing VOSP and post-operative outcome (PostOp).

Methods

The cohort of nineteen patients underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery following the VOSP designed in SimPlant O&O software by processing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and intraoral digital scanning of the dental arches. Said records were re-acquired once the post-operative orthodontic treatment was completed. The 3DCA was performed by three expert operators on VOSP and PostOp 3D models. Descriptive statistics of 3DCA measures were evaluated, and outcomes were compared via Wilcoxon test.

Results

In the comparison between cephalometric outcomes against planned ones, the following values showed significant differences: Wits Index, which suggests a tendency towards skeletal class III in PostOp (p = 0.033); decreased PFH/AFH ratio (p = 0.010); decreased upper incisors inclination (p < 0.001); and increased OVJ (p = 0.001). However not significant (p = 0.053), a tendency towards maxillary retroposition was found in PostOp (A/McNamara VOSP: 5.05 ± 2.64 mm; PostOp: 4.1 ± 2.6 mm). On average, however, when McNamara’s plane was considered as reference, a tendency to biprotrusion was found. Upper incisal protrusion was greater in PostOp as an orthodontic compensation for residual maxillary retrusion (VOSP: 5.68 ± 2.56 mm; PostOp: 6.53 ± 2.63 mm; p = 0.084). Finally, the frontal symmetry in relation to the median sagittal plane decreased in craniocaudal direction.

Limitations

A potential limit of studies making use of closest point distance analysis is represented by the complexity that surgeons and orthodontists face in applying this three-dimensional evaluation of SF accuracy/predictability to everyday clinical practice and diagnosis. Also, heterogeneity and limited sample size may impact the results of the study comparison.

Conclusions

The presented 3DCA offers a valid aid in performing VOSP and analysing orthognathic surgery outcomes, especially in SF. Thanks to the cephalometric analysis, we found that surgery-first approach outcome unpredictability is mainly tied to the sagittal positioning of the maxilla and that the transverse symmetry is progressively less predictable in a craniocaudal direction.
Non-syndromic hypodontia of maxillary lateral incisors and its association with other dental anomalies
Authors: Lupinetti Giana Maria , Li Peng , Feagin Kyle , MacDougall Mary , Lamani Ejvis
Published: December 2022

Background

Tooth agenesis (TA) is the developmental absence of one or more teeth and is the most common craniofacial disorder in humans. Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA) is a specific subtype of TA and can have esthetic, functional, and psychosocial implications for patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MLIA amongst patients with non-syndromic tooth agenesis, as well as its association with other dental anomalies.

Materials and methods

The dental records of 240 patients with non-syndromic congenitally missing teeth treated at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Orthodontics were reviewed. Dolphin Imaging software was used to identify missing teeth, microdonts, peg laterals, impactions, and transpositions. Data were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. All the tests were two-sided at the significance level of 0.05 (SAS 9.4).

Results

In the patient cohort, MLIA prevalence was 37.5% (second most common) and no gender or ethnic differences were identified. We also observed the bilaterally missing lateral incisors more frequently than the unilateral presentation (p = 0.0006). Additionally, 62.5% of patients with unilateral MLIA displayed a contralateral tooth that was a peg (p = 0.0001); however, no association was found with other microdonts. Furthermore, of the 90 patients missing at least one maxillary lateral incisor, 42.2% were missing another tooth type and 10% of MLIA patients also had an impacted tooth (mainly maxillary canines). However, these were not statistically significant. Finally, no transposed teeth were found in our patients.

Conclusions

This study found that maxillary lateral incisors were the second most frequently missing teeth. When clinicians diagnose congenital absence of a maxillary lateral incisor, the patient should be evaluated for other missing teeth, peg lateral incisors, or potential impactions, especially maxillary canines.
Timing of tracheostomy and patient outcomes in critically ill patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Nukiwa Ryota , Uchiyama Akinori , Tanaka Aiko , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Sakaguchi Ryota , Shimomura Yoshimitsu , Ishigaki Suguru , Enokidani Yusuke , Yamashita Tomonori , Koyama Yukiko , Yoshida Takeshi , Tokuhira Natsuko , Iguchi Naoya , Shintani Yasushi , Miyagawa Shigeru , Fujino Yuji
Published: December 2022

Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an integral method of life support in critically ill patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure; however, such patients generally require prolonged mechanical ventilation and exhibit high mortality rates. Tracheostomy is commonly performed in patients on mechanical ventilation, and its early implementation has potential advantages for favorable patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between tracheostomy timing and patient outcomes, including mortality, in patients requiring ECMO.

Methods

We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study of consecutively admitted patients who were supported by ECMO and underwent tracheostomy during intensive care unit (ICU) admission at a tertiary care center from April 2014 until December 2021. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Using the quartiles of tracheostomy timing, the patients were classified into four groups for comparison. The association between the quartiles of tracheostomy timing and mortality was explored using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

Of the 293 patients treated with ECMO, 98 eligible patients were divided into quartiles 1 (≤ 15 days), quartile 2:16–19 days, quartile 3:20–26 days, and 4 (> 26 days). All patients underwent surgical tracheostomy and 35 patients underwent tracheostomy during ECMO. The complications of tracheostomy were comparable between the groups, whereas the duration of ECMO and ICU length of stay increased significantly as the quartiles of tracheostomy timing increased. Patients in quartile 1 had the lowest hospital mortality rate (19.2%), whereas those in quartile 4 had the highest mortality rate (50.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between the increment of the quartiles of tracheostomy timing and hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio for quartile increment:1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.03–2.35, p for trend = 0.037).

Conclusions

The timing of tracheostomy in patients requiring ECMO was significantly associated with patient outcomes in a time-dependent manner. Further investigation is warranted to determine the optimal timing of tracheostomy in terms of mortality.
Factor structure of the Self-Regulation Questionnaire among adult learners from Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic
Authors: Vaculíková Jitka , Kočvarová Ilona , Kalenda Jan , Neupauer Zuzana , Vukčević Marija Cvijetić , Włoch Anna
Published: December 2022

Background

One of the most significant human qualities is the ability to develop, implement, and flexibly maintain planned behaviour in order to achieve one’s goals. Self-regulation has become a relatively well-researched area in the field of psychology and pedagogy. However, empirically valid and reliable instrument is still missing across European context. The primary goal of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Czech version of the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ-CZ) among adult learners from Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the SRQ-CZ validated in the Czech educational context in a multi-cultural sample.

Methods

A total of 1711 adult learners from European countries including Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic completed the SRQ-CZ. The first step to reviewing the validity of the SRQ-CZ included testing face validity. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on half the sample and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the other half. Measurement invariance was conducted across gender, age, and country followed by the evaluation of the reliability of the final instrument.

Results

EFA showed that a three-factor structure best fit the data. The originally proposed Impulse Control and Self-Direction are merged into one distinct factor, while Decision Making and Goal Orientation comprise the other two. Goodness-of-fit statistics yielded from CFA showed a good fit for the model, introducing a reliable and measurement invariant instrument.

Conclusion

The present study used a diverse multi-cultural sample to explore the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the SRQ-CZ. A three-factor model was obtained as the result of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Further analysis aiming at measurement invariance, comparing the sample according to gender, age, and country, led to satisfactory results. The only exception was a lack of model fit in the case of Serbia. Although further psychometric evaluation of the SRQ-CZ is still needed, the presented results constitute significant findings, confirming instrument validity and utility as a measure of generalized self-regulation capacity across adult learners in European educational context.
The Impact of Income-Driven Repayment on Student Borrower Outcomes
Authors: Herbst Daniel
Published: December 2022

In the United States, most student loans follow a fixed payment schedule that falls early in borrowers’ careers. This structure provides no insurance against earnings risk and may increase student loan defaults. Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans are designed to help distressed student borrowers by lowering their monthly payments to a share of income. Using random variation in a loan servicer’s automatic dialing system, I find that IDR reduces delinquencies by 22 percentage points and decreases outstanding balances within eight months of take-up. I find suggestive long-run impacts on borrower credit scores, mortgage-holding rates, and other measures of financial health. (JEL G23, G51, H52, I22)
Every Day Is Earth Day: Evidence on the Long-Term Impact of Environmental Activism
Authors: Hungerman Daniel , Moorthy Vivek
Published: December 2022

We use variation in weather to study the long-term effects of activism during the original Earth Day on attitudes, environmental outcomes, and children’s health. Unusually bad weather on April 22, 1970 is associated with weaker support for the environment 10 to 20 years later, particularly among those who were school aged in 1970. Bad weather on Earth Day is also associated with higher levels of carbon monoxide in the air and greater risk of congenital abnormalities in infants born in the following decades. These results identify benefits to volunteer activity that would be impossible to identify until years after the volunteering occurs. (JEL D64, D91, Q51, Q53, Q54)
Firm Wages in a Frictional Labor Market
Authors: Rudanko Leena
Published: December 2022

This paper studies wage setting in a directed search model of multiworker firms facing within-firm equity constraints on wages. The constraints reduce wages, as firms exploit their monopsony power over their existing workers, rendering wages less responsive to productivity in doing so. They also give rise to a time inconsistency in the dynamic firm problem, as firms face a less elastic labor supply in the short run than in the long run, making commitment to future wages valuable. Constrained firms find it profitable to fix wages, and doing so is good for worker welfare and resource allocation in equilibrium. (JEL E24, E32, J31, J42, J63, J64, M52)
A relação do transtorno do espectro autista e a disbiose intestinal: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Sabino Suellen Monike Do Vale , Belém Monica De Oliveira
Published: December 2022

Objetivos: evidenciar as relações e a existência do agravamento do Transtorno do Espectro Autista devido à disbiose intestinal. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada segundo a pergunta norteadora: Existe comprovação científica entre a relação do TEA e disbiose intestinal que favoreça a melhora na prática clínica e indicações de possíveis respostas? Buscou-se por artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2016 e janeiro de 2021, nas bases de dados: PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, GOOGLE ACADÊMICO. Foram utilizados os descritores (DeCS): “Transtorno do Espectro Autista”; “Microbiota gastrointestinal”; “Disbiose”, associados pelo operador booleano “E”. Foram incluidos artigos de revisões bibliográficas, completos, originais, limitados aos idiomas inglês e português brasileiro, publicados nos últimos cinco anos, e que, após leitura do resumo, estivessem dentro do escopo da revisão. Resultados: Foram identificados 52 manuscritos e, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram considerados 11 artigos que evidenciam o agravamento do TEA por fatores intrínsecos à microbiota intestinal. Conclusão: existe importante influência causal do eixo bidirecional cérebro-intestino-microbiota na etiologia e exacerbaçao das manifestações clínicas do Transtorno do Espectro Autista devido à disbiose intestinal e aos fatores gastrointestinais de origem idiopática.
Erneut zu AE 1979,33
Authors: Becker Marthe
Published: December 2022

A different dating of the columbarium inscription AE 1979, 33 is proposed. The various possibilities of interpreting the inscription are discussed and the connection of Idumaeus, a slave belonging to Livia and Tiberius, to Herod the Great and/or his sister Salome, as stated by Heinrich Chantraine, is questioned.
Pandora as a Beautiful Woman and a Object of Desire
Authors: Krawiec Jerzy
Published: December 2022

The following paper discusses the way in which female beauty was conceived of in ancient Greek culture, especially in the Hesiodic description of the creation of Pandora. As I argue, some of the aspects of this creature that, according to some feminist academic writers, might have resulted from an unsympathetic perception of women, as a matter of fact, may be a part of a positively charged image of an ideal woman in Hesiodic epics. The alleged artificiality and superficiality of Pandora were most probably not meant to compromise her truthfulness or fertility, but instead were intended to attract males.
Using perturbation theory to explain the existence of infected equilibrium point of immune-cervical cancer model
Authors: Saptaningtyas Fitriyana Yuli , Aryati Lina , Adikusumo Fajar , Van Horssen Wim T
Published: December 2022

Immunotherapy give a new hope for cervical cancer treatment. The Kirschner-Panetta model describe the interaction between effector cells, cancer cells, and interleukin-2(IL-2) with two immunotherapy, i.e.Â  Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy(ACI) and Cytokine therapy. The infected equilibrium point can give an idea of the cure level, but no one has discussed analytically. The function of cancer in steady state is a quintic polynomial that cannot be solved analytically. This study discusses the existence and bifurcation of the infected equilibrium point. Both, can explain the level of cure through analysis of the amount of cancer cells. We use the Singular Perturbation Method because the presents of the small parameter in the leading coefficient. The combination of Naive expansion and dominant balance technique are used. A consistent polynomial rescale is used to find the lost root due to Naive expansion solutions. The four infected equilibrium points get from the Naive and one from the dominant balance technique. ACI and cytokine therapy alone can reduce the cancer cells but with an imbalance of effector cells and IL-2. With both therapies, the cancer cells are close to zero which indicates a good level of cure. It is necessary to study further regarding the bifurcation causes other important parameters besides antigenicity.
The Relationship between Social Stigma and SNS Cyberbullying among Adolescents who Dropped out of School: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Impulsivity Moderated by Parental Attachment
Authors: Si Euna , Lee Hyun Jung
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the mediation role that impulsivity plays between social stigma and SNS cyberbullying when moderated by parental attachment.Methods: This study is a secondary analysis using the raw data from panel survey of adolescents who have dropped out of school provided by the Korea Youth Policy Research Institute, and the total number of samples is 576 cases. SPSS V.25 and PROCESS macro for SPSS V.3.5.2 were used for data analysis.Results: In the relationship between social stigma and SNS cyberbullying behavior, impulsivity showed a statistically significant positive completely mediating effect. Parental attachment was found to control impulsivity as a parameter and SNS cyberbullying as a dependent variable, and thus the mediated moderating effect was verified.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that parental attachment plays a role as a regulatory mechanism to lower impulsivity. More specifically, in controlling impulsivity caused by the social stigma of school-dropped adolescents, support based on parental attachment of parents is absolutely necessary.
Communication Experience of Nursing Students: A Simulation using Standardized Patients
Authors: Do Keong Jin , Lee Eun Young
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to assess the communication experiences of nursing students by conducting a simulation using standardized patients and to understand their essential meaning in-depth.Methods: This research was conducted from May to June 2022 and targeted 17 third-year nursing students who were attending K University in Kangwon-do and underwent mental health nursing simulation. In-depth interview was conducted by organizing a focus group, and this the outcomes were analyzed by Colaizzi’s phenomenological method.Results: The communication experiences were derived in four categories, namely, ‘Preoccupation in the situation like it’s real’, ‘Embarrassed by unpredictable communication situation’, ‘Self-reflection on communication’ and ‘The effort to improve communication skills’.Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, there is a need to conduct well-designed scenarios and modules, and to provide pre-training so that standardized patients can provide various communication responses. Moreover, it is necessary to provide opportunities for nursing students to acquire nursing ability on their own.
Development and Effectiveness of Emotional Intelligence Promotion Program for Schizophrenia
Authors: Jung Min Young , Bae Jeongyee
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The emotional problem of schizophrenia is an important factor that directly affects interpersonal relations and social behavior and can put them at risk of worsening symptoms and recurrence. This study attempted to develop an emotional intelligence promotion program for schizophrenia and verify its effectiveness based on Moon's emotional intelligence component and Leventhal and Cameron's self-regulation model.Methods: The design of this study is the experimental design before and after the non-equivalence control group. The participants were 32 patients with schizophrenia (experimental group:16, control group:16). There were 16 schizophrenias in the experimental group and 16 schizophrenia in the control group. The emotional intelligence promotion program was conducted in 12 session for 6 weeks. Collected data was analyzed with SPSS/WIN by using descriptive statistics, normality test, x2-test, Fisher's Exact test, paired t-test, Repeated measure ANOVA and Independent t-test.Results: There were statistically significant differences in emotional intelligence, interpersonal relations, and social behavior between the experimental group and the control group.Conclusion: Since the program developed in this study has been tested to improve emotional intelligence, interpersonal relations, and social behavior of schizophrenia, it is expected to be widely used in clinical and community practice.
An A to Z of enhancements: E is for Environmental Awareness
Authors: Jackson Amy
Published: December 2022

Enhancements are a good tool for learning about the natural world and our place in it, finds Amy Jackson
Linking Land use/Cover and Fossil Energy Consumption to Detect the Carbon Footprint Changes in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Xia Yan , Pei Fengsong
Published: December 2022

Fossil energy consumption is considered as an important source of carbon emission worldwide. As one of ecological footprint methodology, carbon footprint is emerging as an effective tool for carbon emission management, especially that from fossil energy consumption. Taking one of the most developed regions in China, the Yangtze River Delta as a case study, this paper analyzes carbon footprint of fossil energy consumption through productive lands by explicitly addressing spatial changes of land use/cover. The impacts of land use change on the carbon footprint are then assessed by coupling changes in land use/cover and fossil energy consumption. The results show that carbon footprint from energy consumption in the Yangtze River Delta increased from 322531 km2 in 2001 to 862924 km2 in 2013. Despite the fact that productive lands (i.e., forest and grasslands) were rising, the carbon footprint was still in deficit, about 831873 km2 in 2013. According to scenario analysis, carbon footprint is expected to reach 2572837 km2 in 2025 in the condition of ecological protection, 2604049 km2 in the condition of business as usual and 2609125 km2 in cultivated land protection. The results propose urgent policy measures to protect productive lands to reduce the ecological pressure of carbon emissions from energy consumption.
Hayvan sembolizminin Türk halk müziğine yansımaları: Baykuş örneği
Authors: Gök Sevilay , Yeşildal Ünsal Yılmaz
Published: December 2022

Yüzyıllar boyu doğa ile iç içe yaşayan toplumlar, gerek yaşam biçimlerini oluşturan kültürel yapıları gerekse de dinî inançları etrafında bitki ve hayvanlara birtakım anlamlar yüklemişlerdir. Halkın sözlü kültürünün en önemli ögelerinden biri olan türkülerde de hayvan ve bitki sembolleri oldukça yaygın kullanılmıştır. Bu sembollerden biri olan “baykuş”, ölümü ve uğursuzluğu çağrıştırması bakımından binlerce yıl öncesinden günümüze kolektif bilinç aracılığıyla taşınan bir bilgi, algı ve tecrübe aktarımının sonucu olarak literatürdeki yerini almıştır. Bu çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi modeli ile desenlenmiştir. Baykuş sembolünün geçtiği, TRT Türk halk müziği repertuvar arşivine kayıtlı yirmi beş, kayıtlı olmayan dokuz, toplamda otuz dört türkü; yöresi ve bestecisi, makam dizisi, ses genişliği, ölçüsü ve sözlerindeki tema bakımından incelenmiştir. Baykuş sembolünün kullanıldığı kırık havalar her yörede görülmekte, uzun havalar ise en fazla Sivas yöresinde görülmektedir. Teması aşk, sevda ve sitem olan bu türkülerin makam dizisi çoğunlukla Hüseyni’dir. Ses genişlikleri en az dört, en fazla on bir olan türkülerin ölçü sayısı dokuz farklı şekilde görülmüş, en yaygın 4/4’lük ölçünün kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir.
Beta-Lactamases Inhibitors: A Perspective on the Existing and the Potential Admixtures to Synergize Beta-lactams Versus Resistant Superbugs
Authors: El-Shorbagi Abdel-Nasser , Chaudhary Sachin , Chaudhary Anurag , Agarwal Garima , Tripathi Prabhash Nath , Dumoga Shweta
Published: December 2022

β-lactam antibiotics are considered the safest bactericides, and upon wide clinical use of benzyl penicillin G in 1945, outbreaks of resistance came out. The frequent semi-synthetic strategies revealed β-lactam generations that are of broad-spectrum activity. The new agents as well as their concomitant use with known inhibitors of β-lactamases potentiate their effectiveness versus higher numbers of resistant pathogens. However, the extremely resistant pathogens are still representing a burden. Efforts had been continued to find more inhibitors of β-lactamases to combine with β-lactams to provide good management of infections by extremely resistant microbes. The purpose of this work is to overview the conventional and the recently introduced β-lactamases in clinical applications, as well as some reported effective inhibitors of β-lactamases. The review pinpoints the inhibitors that can be mixed and/or merged with the beta-lactam antibiotics to effectively treat the microbial infections producing resistant-β-lactamases. ClogP for these drugs and candidate inhibitors is introduced as suggestions to open a door for developers to admix derivatives with suitable pharmacokinetics.
A Postulated Mechanism of the Antimalarial Effect of Free Radicals Generated by Artemisinin on Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Omar Alfaqih Hussain , Hajissa Khalid , Bashir Jarrar Qais , Omar Alfaqih Sirin , Faris Aldoghachi Ahmed , Nurhidanatasha Abu Bakar
Published: December 2022

Artemisinin and its derivatives, a class of antimalarial drugs, were first isolated from Artemisia annua. Artemisinin can alter the pH of the malaria parasite’s digestive vacuole from acidic to alkaline, leading to parasite death. However, the precise mechanism of artemisinin action in changing the digestive vacuole pH has not yet been confirmed. Previous studies reported that artemisinin and its derivatives could kill the parasites through the generation of oxidative stress by the free radicals they generate. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the possible mechanism of action of artemisinin, focusing on the antimalarial activity caused by the generated free radicals through the induction of mutation in the genes that encode the proton pump of the Plasmodium falciparum digestive vacuole.
Telomerase and Anticancer Treatment
Authors: Attina Giorgio , Mastrangelo Stefano , Ruggiero Antonio
Published: December 2022

Current chemotherapy uses compounds of organometallic nature that act with different mechanisms of action. Many pharmacological studies are directed toward the creation of compounds with more specific and selective activity toward tumor targets, including telomerase. The design and synthesis of such compounds with specific antitelomerase activity must consider the mechanism of action of the enzyme and its structure. The discovery of a close correlation between telomerase activation, cell immortalization and oncogenesis has suggested that telomerase inhibitors could be potent therapeutic agents, capable of selectively killing cancer cells. Inhibition of telomerase is expected to lead toward shortening of telomeres to a critical length, such that replicative senescence and cell death due to irreparable chromosomal damage can result. It has been observed that cancer cells generally have shorter telomeres than the normal replicative cell population, probably because the malignant cells have undergone more divisions. Therefore, the inhibition telomeres of cancer cells after a few cycles of cell division, without the normal cells suffering harmful consequences during therapy. Telomerase is certainly an interesting target on which to continue to study molecules that inhibit its function to obtain a specificity of therapeutic intervention and a reduction of the nonspecific cytotoxicity of chemotherapy.
A Novel Method of Segmentation and Analysis of CT Chest Images for Early Lung Cancer Detection
Authors: Albqoor Abeer Nawaf , Alzaatreh Mohammad Y. , I. Almatari Mohammad K.
Published: December 2022

Lung Cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed worldwide. It causes a higher amount of deaths. For the survival of cancer patients, early detection and treatment are beneficial and effective. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is one of the most effective techniques utilized for image processing for lung cancer detection. Also, it’s the best image-based method for locating tiny nodules which facilitate early diagnosis of lung cancer. In this paper, the authors implemented a proposed CAD model. The proposed model successfully detected a very small tumor sized between 500 -1000 sq mm and can detect a smaller lung tumor than 500 sq mm if present which will enable physicians to early detect and appropriately stage lung cancer.
Cytological Diagnostic and Prognostic Methods using Immunocytochemistry (Estrogen Receptor) for Surgical Management of Breast Cancer
Authors: R Nair Rohith , Nandish Sonali , R. J Prathibha , N. M Nandini
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), immunocytochemistry(ICC) using estrogen receptor(ER) in diagnosing breast lesions. This was done by comparing it to histopathology with immunohistochemistry(IHC), which serves as the gold standard for diagnosing these lesions. To compare these modalities of investigation,50 samples were collected using FNAC and were compared to the same samples obtained by histopathology. For FNAC the results were as follows, Sensitivity=100%, Specificity=100%,Diagnostic Accuracy=100% Positive Predictive Value(PPV)=100% and Negative Predictive Value(NPV)=100% . For ICC using ER the results were as follows, Sensitivity=100%,Accuracy=100%,Positive Predictive Value=100%,Negative Predictive Value=100%. This indicates that FNAC and ICC using ER can be used as a reliable alternative to gold-standard diagnostic tests when the latter cannot be done due to a lack of resources or in circumstances where there is a need to perform a painless, minimally invasive procedure such as in inoperable breast carcinoma. This study also involved using text data analysis on FNAC reports. On analysis, it was found that the useful words were 11.35% of the data set, implying that the process of normalization, will result in the formation of condensed data, which can then be utilized for assisting clinical chart reviews and clinical decision support systems.
Fabrication, Optimization and Characterization of Floating Microspheres of Quinapril Hydrochloride using Factorial Design Method
Authors: Bhopte Devendra Kumar , Sagar Rakesh , Kori Mohan Lal
Published: December 2022

The majority of formulations are available as oral dosage forms. In spite of some pharmaceutical challenges, this route is considered as most suitable way of drug delivery. For that reason it is necessary to optimize dose and dosing frequency to reduce the toxic effects of drug. Therefore, in this study, we have conceptualized the fabrication of floating microspheres of Quinapril Hydrochloride by the solvent evaporation technique with varying ratios of HPMC, Carrageenan, and Poly methyl methacrylate with polyvinyl alcohol that will augment its gastric retention time in conjunction with the sustained pharmacological activity. The formulation process of floating microspheres was optimized for stirring speed (X1) and concentration of polymer ratio (X2) on dependent variables such as percentage entrapment efficiency (Y1), percentage yield (Y2), in vitro buoyancy (Y3), and percentage of drug release (Y4) by using the factorial design. The drug was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry was used for the identification of drug polymer blend interaction. The prepared microspheres were characterized by number of parameters including; scanning electron microscopy, percentage yield, particle size, in vitro buoyancy, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and in vivo floating behavior in albino rabbits. The release profile of microspheres prepared with hydrophilic, pore forming material and ion exchange resin combinations was dependent on the layer of pores developed by the fluid present at the absorption site of stomach and the drug release rate was retarded at site of action i.e. GIT.
Metabolite Profiling of Extract and Fractions of Bidara Upas (Merremia Mammosa (Lour.) Hallier F.) Tuber Using UPLCQToF-MS/MS
Authors: Purwitasari Neny , Agil Mangestuti
Published: December 2022

Bidara upas (Merremia mammosa (Lour.) Hallier f.) tuber is empirically used to treat respiratory disorders and tuberculosis. The pharmacological effect is due to the activity of various secondary metabolites. This study aims to determine the metabolite profile of M. mammosa tuber ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-butanol fraction. The dried powder of the tuber of M. mammosa was extracted with 96% ethanol. Then, liquid-liquid fractionation was performed using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol as solvents. As much as 5 µl of each sample was injected into the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS and analyzed using the MassLynx 4.1 software and the ChemSpider and MassBank online databases. After identifying each compound, information regarding its activity was retrieved from the scientific literature. Metabolite profiling revealed that the 96% ethanol extract of M. mammosa yielded 61 compounds, with the n-hexane fraction yielding 64 compounds, the ethyl acetate fraction yielding 54 compounds, and the butanol fraction yielding 44 compounds. According to the findings of this study, the metabolite profiles of each M. mammosa tuber extract and fractions were distinct. Several compounds in these extracts and fractions may have antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other properties; hence, more studies are required to determine their potential.
Cytokines’ Expression in Children with Viral Pneumonia: A prospective Study in a Sample of Egyptian Children
Authors: El Refay Amira S. , Shehata Manal A. , El Baroudy Nevine R. , El Nady Hala G. , S. Sherif Lobna , Helwa Iman , AboShanab Assem M. , Khandil Rania , Ghorab Raghda M. , Kholoussi Naglaa
Published: December 2022

Background: Community acquired pneumonia still a prominent reason of mortality and morbidity in developing countries which can caused by many pathogens with predominant of viral etiologies in children. Studying of cytokines response in viral pneumonia is useful to improve management and outcome. Aim: This study aimed to compare the level of cytokines (IL5, IL6, IL8, IL1B and IL10) in children diagnosed with viral and non-viral pneumonia, correlate with the causative virus and the clinical picture. Methods: An observational, prospective study included 101 children with pneumonia. Serum was analyzed different cytokines (IL10, IL1B, IL5, IL8, and IL6) by ELISA. Result: No significant difference was reported between cytokines level in children with viral pneumonia and non-viral pneumonia in our study. A significant difference was found regarding IL-6 concentration between patients with and without Human Metapneumovirus and Para 3 infections was reported. Conclusion: Cytokines level in pneumonia is affected by many factors as the causative organism, nutritional status, age, severity, and duration of infection. Additionally, recent research has disclosed that interleukin responses are considerably altered in numerous disease states. A large-scale study with measurement of cytokines in subsequent days is recommended.
An Approach to Antifungal Efficacy through Well Diffusion Analysis and Molecular Interaction Profile of Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Veeraswamy Sharmila Devi , Raju Ilavarasan , Mohan Sumithra
Published: December 2022

In the current scenario, there is a thirst for research against emerging microorganisms, and it becomes challenging to introduce new drugs against organism virulence are pretty interesting. Herbal medicines are now gaining popularity as a treatment option for various diseases worldwide. The present study analyzes the antifungal effect of a polyherbal formulation through in vitro well diffusion method using fungal strains such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Sporothrix schenckii. Molecular docking is done using the Auto dock vina tool to predict the mechanism of action of the phytomolecules present in the polyherbal formulation. The molecular interactions are visualized using molecular modelling (PyMOL) software. The antifungal effect was observed in a concentration-dependent manner with a significant zone of inhibition. Also, phytomolecules in polyherbal formulation showed potential inhibition on CYP450 Lanosterol 14 α-demethylase 1, 3 β-Glucan synthase, and Thymidylate synthase from docking analysis.
Baseline Kinetics of Clot Waveform Analysis of Clotting Screening Tests on Sysmex CS2500 Automated Coagulometry
Authors: Kumar Bhola Rajesh , Biswal Tapan , Pradhan Sarita , Mohanty Ripunjaya , Behera Gayatri
Published: December 2022

Clot waveforms generated by different automated coagulometry are of immense utility in predicting the risk of bleeding or thrombosis. They are part of global hemostasis testing. Different automated analyzers use different technology for clotting screening tests. The clotting screening results depends on the instrument and the reagents used. Hence clot waveform analysis may have different kinetics based on instrument or reagents used. A baseline characteristic can help in clinical interpretation.Total 47 voluntary blood donors (23 males and 24 females) between 20-50 years age are included in the study. We have analyzed the kinetics of clot waveform of Prothrombin time (PT) using Dade Innovin, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) using Actin FS & Actin FSL and thrombin time (TT) on Sysmex CS2500 automated coagulometry. The baseline characteristics were analyzed and the reference intervals were determined as follows: PT using Dade Innovin reagent: 9.8 – 12.0s, its 1st derivative or maximum velocity (min1): 1.00-2.42 %/s, 2nd derivative or maximum acceleration (min2): 0.14-0.38%/s2, maximum deceleration (max2): 0.18-0.42 %/s2; aPTT using actin FSL: 26.2-34.5s, min1 2.73-6.17%/s, min2 0.41-0.95%/s2, max2 0.30-0.77 %/s2 ; aPTT using actin FS reagent: 21.2-30.5s, min1 2.73-6.33 %/s, min2 0.37-1.07 %/s2, max2 0.32-0.94 %/s2 ; TT: 16.8-19.6 s, min1 0.57-1.23 %/s, min2 0.08-0.20 %/s2, max2 0.03-0.11 %/s2 respectively. The clotting time shows an inverse moderate to weak relationship with maximum velocity, maximum acceleration and maximum deceleration. Analyzing the normal kinetics of clot waveform helps in understanding the clotting process and clinical interpretation.
Efficacy and Safety of Venlafaxine Versus Amitriptyline in Decreasing Severity and Frequency of Migraine Attacks: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: C. A Amritha , K. Kranthi K. Kranthi , S. Sundar S. Sundar , K Punnagai K Punnagai
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of two anti-migraine Venlafaxine and Amitriptyline in migraine prophylaxis. Background of the study: The efficacy of Venlafaxine and Amitriptyline on various headache disorders has been proved in previous studies. This Open-Label Parallel group study of 12 weeks compares the safety and efficacy of Venlafaxine and Amitriptyline in migraine prophylaxis. Methods: 100 migraine patients were randomized and they were allocated equally to Venlafaxine XR and Amitriptyline group. The frequency, duration, severity of headache attacks and safety profiles were monitored for 3 months. Patient satisfaction and global tolerance were also evaluated during this period. Results: The statistical difference between the treatment groups in the number of headache attacks (p = 0.012) the duration of attacks (p=0.046) and the severity of the attacks (p=0.032) was notable at the end of the study period with Venlafaxine better than Amitriptyline. Side effects like hypersomnia and constipation were reported in both the groups. Analgesic consumption was also significant reduced in Venlafaxine group when compared with Amitriptyline (p=0.021). Venlafaxine has higher patient satisfaction when compared to Amitriptyline. Global efficacy and global tolerance were also higher in the Venlafaxine group. Conclusions: The results support the safety and efficacy profile of Venlafaxine as preventive therapy for migraine.
Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Hypothyroid Patients in Chennai
Authors: Dey Nibedita , Ayer Smita , Hari Rajeswary , Kamatchi C Kamatchi C
Published: December 2022

The lifestyle disorders are taking a toll on many individuals. With the fast-paced life, it is difficult to control the diet and physical activity necessary for optimal living. Stress too has added up to the various aliments associated with the body. Thyroid diseases are found to be a major hormonal discomfort found in many Asians. Hypothyroidism is a special condition in which there is a deficiency in the thyroid hormone production. The present study was devised to provide a comprehensive data on the effect of fresh onset of hypothyroidism on patients in Chennai. The diagnosed patients were experimented for their biochemical and molecular profiles. There was a significant increase in the lipid and peroxidase profiles. The antioxidant enzyme content also saw a steep decrease in individuals with hypothyroidism. The presence of thyroid peroxidase gene was found to be present in most of the hypothyroid patients. The genes were found to be 320 and 422 bp in size for the amplified product. Therefore, we were able to suggest that there is a very inevitable relation between hypothyroidism and heart ailments. Prolonged and unmonitored hypothyroidism can lead to various other pathological conditions to manifest in the patient in the long run.
Preprocessing of Skin Cancer Images using Non-Local Means (Nlm) Filter
Authors: Reshma M Reshma M , Ataulla S.H.
Published: December 2022

The most consecutive malignant growth in the body is skin disease. Every time, more than individualities on the world are determined to have skin malicious growth. The operation of this malice is greatly impressed by early discovery. A new optimum and automatic channel strategy for diagnosing this complaint using dermoscopy images is proposed in this paper. Before processing, the approach comprises a noise reduction process to exclude the disturbances. The BRISQUE score is a quality index that's used to assess different denoising techniques. Filters like anisotropic diffusion and a bilateral are employed for subjective judgment.