bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Education, Sustainability and Youth Employment
Authors: Cresta Miriam
Published: February 2020

For the future socio-economic development of member States, European policy makers urge endowing youngsters with an entrepreneurial mindset through business education starting from school. Such investments in education would activate a virtuous circle that enables overcoming the miss-match between supply and demand through effective education, reducing the number of early school leavers through the introduction of more practice-oriented teaching methods, increasing youth employment and nurturing a vocation for social innovation at the local level.
H-FARM: The Innovation Hub
Authors: Pavan Marco , Anelli Marzia Giuditta
Published: February 2020

This paper has the goal to describe the structure and the features of H-FARM. After more than ten years of activity H-FARM has developed an innovative platform in Roncade (TV) that has the ambitious goal of creating an ecosystem where students, corporates and digital start-ups are working together contaminating each other.  The company approach towards the start-up ecosystem is led by a special acceleration method that makes H-FARM a unique platform.
Italia Startup Association: The Italian Startup Ecosystem
Authors: Barilli Federico
Published: February 2020

The challenge that Italy is facing in the last years is how to foster the development of its innovative industrial ecosystem in order to become a point of reference within the main innovation global players. The goal is exciting and day after day an increasing number of actors in Italy is actively working in creating the environmental conditions necessary to help the technological rebirth of our Country starting right from innovative start-ups. In this scenario a key role is played by Italia Start-up, the Italian Start-up Association founded in 2012. Specifically, the Association represents all the actors of the italian start-up ecosystem and actively promotes the networking among its members that, scattered throughout the peninsula, are the driving force for technological breakthrough of our Country.
Italian Web Job Vacancies for Marketing-Related Professions
Authors: Mezzanzanica Mario
Published: February 2020

Digital revolution, globalization and the re-organisation of production and service companies have heavily modified the demand for skills and specific occupations. Here, the problem of analyzing web job vacancies is attracting increasing research interest from public organizations, employment agencies, and private companies, as it could reveal how web labour market demand is evolving with time, by focusing on the skills required of applicants by employers. A study conducted on the Italian web labour market focused on three distinct professional areas, namely, Communications, Sales, and Administration & Finance.
Stress Testing at the IMF
Authors: Adrian Tobias , Morsink James , Schumacher Liliana
Published: February 2020

Stress Testing at the IMF
Kenya
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: February 2020

A monetary and financial statistics (MFS) technical assistance (TA) mission visited
Nairobi, Kenya, during December 3–14, 2018.1 The main objectives of the mission were
to work with staff of the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) to (i) review the implementation of the
recommendations made by the MFS mission in January 2017; (ii) review the expanded coverage
of the standardized report form for other depository corporations (SRF 2SR) including savings
and credit cooperatives (SACCOs), microfinance banks (MFBs), and money market funds (MMFs);
(iii) review the standardized report form for other financial corporations (SRF 4SR) comprising
insurance companies and pension funds; (iv) review the adequacy of the available data for
the remaining institutions in the other financial corporations (OFCs) subsector and adaptation
of reporting forms to allow the expansion of the coverage of SRF 4SR; and (v) provide three-day
training on the compilation of MFS for staff of the CBK and other financial sector regulatory
authorities. In collaboration with staff of the CBK, the mission delivered these objectives and
agreed with the authorities on an action plan to improve MFS in Kenya. The improvement of MFS
contributes to enhancement of policy analysis and decision-making by the CBK.
South Africa
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: February 2020

Subdued private investment and exports, and increased uncertainty have depressed growth and worsened social indicators. State-owned enterprises’ (SOEs) risks are materializing, triggering government bailouts of Eskom and administrative intervention in other entities. High fiscal deficits have boosted debt. Nonresident investors are shedding equities and local currency bonds but showing appetite for foreign currency sovereign bonds amid supportive global financing conditions. The external position is moderately weaker than implied by fundamentals and desirable policies. Inflation has slowed to around the mid-point of the target band, aided by one-off factors, but inflation expectations are higher. Banks are sound, albeit with pockets of vulnerabilities.
Japan
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: February 2020

The rapid aging and shrinking of Japan’s population has become central to macroeconomic policies and outcomes. Abenomics—now entering its seventh year—has eased financial conditions, reduced the fiscal deficit, and raised employment and female labor force participation. Nonetheless, reflation efforts have fallen short and under current policies the public debt-to-GDP ratio will continue to rise. Achieving sustained high growth and durable reflation will require a package of strengthened policies and accelerated reforms that exploit synergies.
The prevalence of myocardial bridging on multidetector computed tomography and its relation to coronary plaques
Authors: Rajendran Ravindran , Hegde Madhav
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To test the hypothesis that the prevalence of myocardial bridging varies between ethnic groups, and that the segment proximal to the myocardial bridge is more prone to plaque formation.

Material and methods

A total of 4500 patients who had undergone computerised tomography (CT) coronary angiography at our institute were studied for myocardial bridging. Data on the clinical profile and indication for CT coronary angiography in myocardial bridging were collected. Patients with and without proximal disease were compared using the chi-square test for ordinal variables and Student’s t-test for continuous variables. The length to depth ratio (RA-MA ratio) of the bridged segment was determined.

Results

The prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques in the segment proximal to the bridged segment was 37.8%, which was lower than the prevalence of 48.7% for plaques in the corresponding segments among patients without myocardial bridging. The average length of the bridged segment was 15.5 ± 5 mm, and that for patients with and without proximal plaques was 13 ± 4 and 16 ± 6 mm (p = 0.1), respectively. Similarly, the average depth of the segments with and without proximal plaques was 1.8 ± 0.6 mm and 1.4 ± 0.5 mm (p = 0.06), respectively. Only the RA-MA ratio (8 ± 3 vs. 13 ± 6, p = 0.01) was significantly lower in patients with atherosclerotic plaques.

Conclusions

The prevalence in our study population was 10%, with mid left anterior descending artery (LAD) being the most common segment involved. Moreover, the prevalence and distribution of coronary plaques in LAD were similar in patients with and without myocardial bridging.
Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of bipartite patella: usefulness and relationship with symptoms
Authors: Akdag Tuba , Guldogan Esra S. , Coskun Huseyin , Turan Aynur , Hekimoglu Baki
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Bipartite patella is a rare developmental variation of the knee cap. We aimed to identify the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of bipartite patella and evaluate the association with clinical symptoms.

Material and methods

MRI exams of 61 patients with bipartite variant were evaluated for types of bipartite patella, oedema around the synchondrosis, bipartite fragment height (FH), distance between the fragment and the patella (FPD), and signal characteristics within the synchondrosis. The study was designed with two observers in order to achieve intra- and interobserver compliance. Any other major knee pathologies that can cause pain were also recorded.

Results

Of the 61 participants the average age was 40.1 ± 14.3 years, 44 were males, and 17 were females. Fifty-nine of the bipartite fragments were located at the superolateral quadrant of the patella. There was oedema at the bipartite area in 35 patients. Ten of these patients had no major MRI diagnosis other than oedema, and they were classified as the symptomatic group. The age of the patients in the symptomatic group was statistically lower than in the asymptomatic group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of male and female distributions, signal types across the synchondrosis, and FH or FPD measurements (p > 0.05). High concordance correlation coefficients were observed on measurements

Conclusions

MRI of the knee is highly accurate in evaluation of bipartite patella. To our knowledge; a detailed MRI analysis, like in our study, has not previously been performed, and our report is unique in showing that the symptomatic occurrence of bipartite patella is statistically higher in young patients.
A novel computerised quantification of thyroid vascularity in the differentiation of malignant and benign thyroid nodules
Authors: Toomatari Seyed Babak Moosavi , Mohammadi Afshin , Sepehrvand Nariman , Toomatari Seyed Ehsan Moosavi , Ghasemi-Rad Mohammad , Shamspour Saber Zafar , Rezayi Seyfollah , Toubaei Mohammadreza , Sarabi Zahra Karimi
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Only five percent of thyroid nodules are malignant. It is important to find reliable and at the same time non-invasive methods to identify high-risk nodules. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic validity of a morphologic feature-oriented approach of ultrasound study for the identification of malignant thyroid nodules.

Material and methods

Seventy-one thyroid nodules in 71 consecutive patients were evaluated with both ultrasonogra­phy (US) and US-assisted fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Thyroid grey-scale and power Doppler US were performed, and a Windows-based software was designed to process power Doppler US (PDUS) images that were recorded directly by the US device. We provided a histogram graph of coloured pixels and calculated the Malignancy Index to identify the probability of malignancy for each thyroid nodule.

Results

Thirty-six nodules (50.7%) were determined to be malignant in FNAB. Area under the receiver operating curve was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85-0.98) for PDUS-based malignancy index in differentiating malignant thyroid nodules from benign ones. The best cut-off point for malignancy index was determined to be 0.092, with a sensitivity of 86.1% and specificity of 80% in identifying malignant nodules.

Conclusions

This PDUS-driven malignancy index using a contour-finding algorithm approach could accurately and reliably differentiate malignant and benign thyroid nodules. As a pre-FNAB assessment, the malignancy index may be able to reduce the number of patients with nodular thyroid disease undergoing this invasive procedure.
Aortic sac enlargement after endovascular aneurysm repair: volume-related changes and the impact of intraluminal thrombus
Authors: Skrebunas Arminas , Lengvenis Givi , Builyte Inga Urte , Zulpaite Ruta , Bliudzius Rytis , Baltrunas Tomas , Misonis Nerijus , Marinskis Germanas
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is still unpredictable. The issue of optimal frequency of computed tomography angiography for surveillance and its measurement method accuracy remain unclear. We aimed to assess the value of abdominal aneurysm sac volume measurement for detecting expansions and the association of preprocedural intraluminal thrombus (ILT) volume with aneurysm sac growth following EVAR.

Material and methods

A total of 107 patients underwent elective EVAR. Inclusion criteria provided a cohort of
39 patients. Changes of postoperative maximum aneurysm sac diameter and AAA volume were calculated. Volumetric AAA changes and demographic data of the cases with clinically irrelevant AAA diameter enlargement were evaluated. Preoperative ILT volumes were collected. ILT and AAA sac volume ratio was calculated. Statistical data analysis was performed using standard methods.

Results

The mean changes of maximum AAA diameter and volume in percentage after EVAR were –5.08 ± 8.20 mm and –13.39 ± 23.32%, respectively. A moderate positive linear correlation between those changes was found
(R2 = 0.731; p < 0.0001). The mean relative AAA volume increase in cases without clinically relevant diameter enlargement was 11.50 ± 8.27%. The means of ILT and AAA sac ratios were 0.59 ± 0.17 and 0.52 ± 1.8 in growing AAA sac and in stable or shrinking AAA sac groups, respectively (p = 0.308).

Conclusions

Volumetric AAA measurement may be useful as an additional method to diameter measurement after EVAR to identify clinically relevant sac growth. Preoperative volume of ILT may not significantly affect the growth rate of AAA after EVAR.
The diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound and spiral chest computed tomography scan in the prediction
of infiltrating and non-infiltrating lymph nodes in patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound
Authors: Haghi Sepideh , Kahkouee Shahram , Kiani Arda , Abedini Atefeh , Akhoundi Neda , Javanbakht Mehdi , Rezaei Hadi , Paraham Mersede
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and spiral chest computed tomography (CT) scan are important methods in the prediction of infiltrating and non-infiltrating lymph nodes, and the determination of their diagnostic accuracy would result in a reduction of the burden of problems and an improvement in prognosis. The purpose in this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound and spiral chest CT scan in the prediction of infiltrating and non-infiltrating lymph nodes in patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound.

Material and methods

In this observational prospective study, 40 consecutive patients with infiltrating and non-infiltrating lymph nodes in Masih-Daneshvari Hospital in 2017 and 2018 were enrolled, and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EBUS and CT-scan versus fine needle aspiration pathology results were determined in them.

Results

The results in this study demonstrated that the congruence between EBUS and CT scan was 80.5% (p = 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for CT scan were 100%, 22.6%, and 40%, respectively, and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for EBUS were 100%, 16.1%, and 35%, respectively.

Conclusion

According to the obtained results, it may be concluded that CT scan and EBUS results have good congruence and high sensitivity to differentiate infiltrating and non-infiltrating lymph nodes. Hence, these methods are useful for screening methods, but due to their low specificity and accuracy the use of them for a confirmative approach is not beneficial. However, regarding the accessibility and less invasive nature, use of chest CT scan is more rational and is recommended in these patients.
Warfare and Politics
Authors: Butters Humfrey , Neher Gabriele , Mueller Reinhold C. , Pepper Simon , Stermole Krystina , Najemy John M. , Arfaioli Maurizio , Ricciardelli Fabrizio , Goy Richard , Stevens Crawshaw Jane , Shaw Christine , Butters Suzanne B. , Fletcher Stella
Published: February 2020

Warfare and Politics: Cities and Government in Renaissance Tuscany and Venice brings together a group of prominent contributors to consider the topics of government and warfare in Tuscany and Venice in the Renaissance. The essays cover a remarkably broad geographical and topical range as they analyse the economic, military, political, and diplomatic history of Florence, Rome, Venice, and the Italian peninsula in general through the Renaissance and early modern period.
Living Standards in Southeast Asia
Authors: Booth Anne
Published: February 2020

Living Standards in Southeast Asia: Changes over the Long Twentieth Century, 1900-2015 examines changes in living standards across the ten countries of Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Thailand, Brunei, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos) from the early years of the 20th century to the early 21st century. It covers both the last decades of the colonial period, the transition to independence and the decades from 1960 to the 2010s. The study uses a range of monetary and non-monetary indicators to assess how living standards have changed over time. It examines the outcomes in the context of debates about economic growth, inequality and poverty alleviation which began in the 1960s and 1970s, and continue to the present.
Stability of fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat from pasture- and grain-fed young bulls during the first 7 d postmortem
Authors: Horcada Alberto , Polvillo Oliva , González-Redondo Pedro , López Adoración , Tejerina David , García-Torres Susana
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In order to study the effect of different amounts of concentrate feed and the effectiveness of natural antioxidants on
the fatty acid stability of intramuscular fat during the first days postmortem, 75 young bulls of the Retinta breed were divided in three groups: 30 were grazed, 30 were fed on medium concentrate diets, and 15 were fed on high-concentrate diets. Young bulls were slaughtered at commercial weight, around a 500 kg final body weight. Samples from
Longissimus lumborum muscle were assigned to two ageing periods (0 and 7 d) and were vacuum packaged in
vacuum bags (O2 permeability: 9.3 mL O2/m2 per 24 h at 0 ∘C)
using an EGARVAC® sealer. Beef from grass-fed bulls showed a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid
content than concentrate-fed bulls. During the first 7 d postmortem, no changes in the fatty acids profile
were observed, because α-tocopherol content was optimal to prevent lipid oxidation. The higher level of natural
antioxidants in grass than in grain resulted in the stability of the fatty acid profile. This study shows that the
anti-oxidative potential of natural antioxidants in meat plays an important role during the first 7 d postmortem.
A transition of atmospheric emissions of particles and gases from on-road heavy-duty trucks
Authors: Zhou Liyuan , Hallquist Åsa M. , Hallquist Mattias , Salvador Christian M. , Gaita Samuel M. , Sjödin Åke , Jerksjö Martin , Salberg Håkan , Wängberg Ingvar , Mellqvist Johan , Liu Qianyun , Lee Berto P. , Chan Chak K.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The transition, in extent and characteristics, of
atmospheric emissions caused by the modernization of the heavy-duty on-road
fleet was studied utilizing roadside measurements. Emissions of particle
number (PN), particle mass (PM), black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides
(NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), particle size
distributions, and particle volatility were measured from 556 individual
heavy-duty trucks (HDTs). Substantial reductions in PM, BC, NOx, CO, and
to a lesser extent PN were observed from Euro III to Euro VI HDTs by 99 %,
98 %, 93 %, and 57 % for the average emission factors of PM, BC,
NOx, and CO, respectively. Despite significant total reductions in
NOx emissions, the fraction of NO2 in the NOx emissions
increased continuously from Euro IV to Euro VI HDTs. Larger data scattering
was evident for PN emissions in comparison to solid particle number (SPN)
for Euro VI HDTs, indicating a highly variable fraction of volatile particle
components. Particle size distributions of Euro III to enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle (EEV) HDTs were
bimodal, whereas those of Euro VI HDTs were nucleation mode dominated. High
emitters disproportionately contributed to a large fraction of the total
emissions with the highest-emitting 10 % of HDTs in each pollutant
category being responsible for 65 % of total PM, 70 % of total PN, and
44 % of total NOx emissions. Euro VI HDTs, which
accounted for 53 % of total kilometres driven by Swedish HDTs, were
estimated to only contribute to 2 %, 6 %, 12 %, and 47 % of PM, BC,
NOx, and PN emissions, respectively. A shift to a fleet dominated by Euro VI HDTs would
promote a transition of atmospheric emissions towards low PM, BC, NOx,
and CO levels. Nonetheless, reducing PN, SPN, and NO2 emissions from
Euro VI HDTs is still important to improve air quality in urban
environments.
MICS-Asia III: Multi-model comparison of reactive Nitrogen deposition over China
Authors: Ge Baozhu , Itahashi Syuichi , Sato Keiichi , Xu Danhui , Wang Junhua , Fan Fan , Tan Qixin , Fu Joshua S. , Wang Xuemei , Yamaji Kazuyo , Nagashima Tatsuya , Li Jie , Kajino Mizuo , Liao Hong , Zhang Meigen , Wang Zhe , Li Meng , Woo Jung-Hun , Kurokawa Jun-ichi , Pan Yuepen , Wu Qizhong , Liu Xuejun , Wang Zifa
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China has attracted huge public attention in recently years due to the increasing anthropogenic emission of reactive nitrogen (Nr) and its impacts on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, limited long-term and multi-site measurements have restrained the understanding on the mechanism of the Nr deposition as well as the chemical transport model (CTM) improvement. In this study, the performance of the simulated wet and dry deposition for different Nr species, i.e., particulate NO3− and NH4+, gaseous NOx, HNO3 and NH3, have been conducted using the framework of Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) phase III. Nine Models, including 5 WRF-CAMQ models, 2 self-developed regional models, a global model and a RAMS-CMAQ model, have been selected for the comparison. For wet depositions, observation data from 83 measurement sites of EANET, CREN, CAUDN, NADMN and DEE of China have been collected and normalized to compare with model results. In general, most models showed the consistent spatial and temporal variation of both oxidized N (Nox) and reduced N (Nrd) wet depositions in China with the NME around at 50 %, which is lower than the value of 70 % based on EANET observation over Asia. Both the ratio of wet or dry deposition to the total inorganic N deposition (TIN) and the ratios of TIN to their emissions have shown the consistent results with the NNDMN estimations. The performance of ensemble results (ENM) was further assessed with the measurement from satellite. In different regions of China, the results showed that the simulated Nox wet deposition was overestimated in North East China (NE) but underestimated in south of China (SE+SW), while the Nrd wet deposition was underpredicted in all regions by all models. The deposition of Nox have large uncertainties than the Nrd especially in North China (NC), indicating chemical reaction process is one of the most importance factors that affecting the model performance. Compared to Critical load (CL) value, the Nr deposition in NC, SE and SW reached or exceeded the reported CL value and exerted serious ecological impacts. The control of Nrd in NC and SW and Nox in SE would be effective to mitigate the TIN deposition in these regions. More interestingly, the Nr deposition in Tibet plateau with the high ratio of TIN/emission (~3.0), indicating a significant import from outside should be focused in the future due to its climatical influence to the sensitive ecosystem in whole China.
In situ measurements of the ice flow motion at Eqip Sermia Glacier using a remotely controlled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
Authors: Jouvet Guillaume , van Dongen Eef , Lüthi Martin P. , Vieli Andreas
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Measuring the ice flow motion accurately is essential to better understand the time evolution of glaciers and ice sheets and therefore to better anticipate the future consequence of climate change in terms of sea level rise. Although there are a variety of remote sensing methods to fill this task, in situ measurements are always needed for validation or to capture high-temporal-resolution movements. Yet glaciers are in general hostile environments where the installation of instruments might be tedious and risky when not impossible. Here we report the first-ever in situ measurements of ice flow motion using a remotely controlled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). We used a quadcopter UAV to land on a highly crevassed area of Eqip Sermia Glacier, West Greenland, to measure the displacement of the glacial surface with the aid of an onboard differential GNSS receiver. We measured approximately 70 cm of displacement over 4.36 h without setting foot onto the glacier – a result validated by applying UAV photogrammetry and template matching techniques. Our study demonstrates that UAVs are promising instruments for in situ monitoring and have great potential for capturing continuous ice flow variations in inaccessible glaciers – a task that remote sensing techniques can hardly achieve.
Averaging over spatiotemporal heterogeneity substantially biases evapotranspiration rates in a mechanistic large-scale land evaporation model
Authors: Rouholahnejad Freund Elham , Zappa Massimiliano , Kirchner James W.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) influences land-climate interactions, regulates the hydrological cycle, and contributes to the Earth's energy balance. Due to its feedbacks to large-scale hydrological processes and its impact on atmospheric dynamics, ET is a key driver of droughts and heatwaves. Existing land surface models differ substantially, both in their estimates of current ET fluxes and in their projections of how ET will evolve in the future. Any bias in estimated ET fluxes will affect the partitioning between sensible and latent heat, and thus alter model predictions of temperature and precipitation. One potential source of bias is the so-called aggregation bias that arises whenever nonlinear processes, such as those that regulate ET fluxes, are modeled using averages of heterogeneous inputs. Here we demonstrate a general mathematical approach to quantifying and correcting for this aggregation bias, using the GLEAM land evaporation model as a relatively simple example. We demonstrate that this aggregation bias can lead to substantial overestimates in ET fluxes in a typical large-scale land surface model when sub-grid heterogeneities in land surface properties are averaged out. Using Switzerland as a test case, we examine the scale-dependence of this aggregation bias and show that it can lead to overestimation of daily ET fluxes by as much as 21 % averaged over the whole country. We show how our approach can be used to identify the dominant drivers of aggregation bias, and to estimate sub-grid closure relationships that can correct for aggregation biases in ET estimates, without explicitly representing sub-grid heterogeneities in large-scale land surface models.
DAM DEFORMATION PREDICTION BASED ON EEMD-SARIMA MODE
Authors: Chen T. W. , Duan Q. D. , Zheng X. D. , Gan R. , Pan M.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. There are many factors affecting dam deformation, and the time series of deformation data is directly modeled without considering the seasonality and periodicity of each influencing factor, the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) is proposed for prediction in this paper. Firstly, the time series of deformation data is decomposed by EEMD, which weakens its volatility to some extent, and decomposes various factors affecting dam deformation, so as to obtain a series of Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) with different frequencies; secondly, according to the seasonal characteristics and periodic characteristics of each IMF, the SARIMA model was established respectively for rolling prediction; thirdly, the final forecast results can be obtained by superimposing the forecast results of each IMF. It is verified by experiments and compared with Gray Model, Kalman Filter Model and SARIMA model that EEMD-SARIMA model has higher prediction accuracy, and it has better fitting degree, which means that it is an effective method for dam deformation prediction.
Ontogenetic disparity in early planktic foraminifers
Authors: Kendall Sophie , Gradstein Felix , Jones Christopher , Lord Oliver T. , Schmidt Daniela N.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Changes in morphology during ontogeny can have profound
impacts on the physiology and biology of a species. Studies of ontogenetic
disparity through time are rare because of the lack of preservation of
developmental stages in the fossil record. As they grow by incremental
chamber accretion and retain evidence of growth in their shell, planktic
foraminifera are an ideal group for the study ontogenetic disparity through
the evolution of a higher taxon. Here, we quantify different developmental
stages in Jurassic foraminifers and infer the evolutionary implications of
the shape of these earliest representatives of the group. Using a Zeiss Xradia
micro-CT scanner, the development of Globuligerina bathoniana and Globuligerina oxfordiana from the Bathonian sediments of
Gnaszyn, Poland, and Globuligerina balakhmatovae and Globuligerina tojeiraensis from the Kimmeridgian Tojeira Formation of Portugal
was reconstructed. Disparity is low through the early evolution of planktic
foraminifers. The number of chambers and range in surface area per unit
volume are lower than in modern specimens. We interpret this morphology as an
indication of opportunistic behaviour. The low morphological plasticity
during the juvenile stage suggests that strong constraints on the juveniles,
described in the modern ocean, were already acting on Jurassic specimens.
The high surface area per unit volume in these developmental stages points
towards the need to satisfy a higher metabolic demand than in the adult
specimens. We are interpreting the lower chamber numbers as indicative of
short life cycles and potentially rapid reproduction, both of which may have
allowed these species to exploit the nutrient-rich waters of the Jurassic
Tethys Ocean.
Brief communication : Evaluating Antarctic precipitation in ERA5and CMIP6 against CloudSat observations
Authors: Roussel Marie-Laure , Lemonnier Florentin , Genthon Christophe , Krinner Gerhard
Published: February 2020

Abstract. CMIP5, CMIP6 and ERA5 antarctic precipitations are evaluated against CloudSat data. At continental and regional scales, ERA5 and CMIP models median are biased high, with insignificant improvement from CMIP5 to CMIP6 despite near-surface temperature improvement. However, less models yield outlying overestimation in CMIP6. AMIP configurations perform better than historical ones and, surprisingly, relative errors in areas of complex topography are higher (up to 50 %) in the 5 higher resolution models. The seasonal cycle is well reproduced by the median of the CMIP models but not by ERA5. There is limited progress from CMIP5 to CMIP6 and still room for improvement.
Numerical modelling of permafrost spring discharge and open-system pingo formation induced by basal permafrost aggradation
Authors: Hornum Mikkel T. , Hodson Andrew J. , Jessen Søren , Bense Victor , Senger Kim
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In the high Arctic valley of Adventdalen, Svalbard, sub-permafrost groundwater feeds several pingo springs distributed along the valley axis. The driving mechanism for groundwater discharge and associated pingo formation is enigmatic because wet-based glaciers in the adjacent highlands and the presence of continuous permafrost seem to preclude recharge of the sub-permafrost groundwater system by either a sub-glacial source or a precipitation surplus. Since the pingo springs enable methane that has accumulated underneath the permafrost to escape directly to the atmosphere, our limited understanding of the groundwater system brings significant uncertainty to the understanding of how methane emissions will respond to changing climate. We address this problem with a new conceptual model for open-system pingo formation wherein pingo growth is sustained by sub-permafrost pressure effects during millennial scale basal permafrost aggradation. We test the viability of this mechanism for generating groundwater flow with decoupled heat (1D-transient) and groundwater (2D-steady-state) transport modelling experiments. Our results show that the pingos in lower Adventdalen easily conform to this conceptual model. Simulations suggest that the generally low-permeability hydrogeological units cause groundwater residence times that exceed the duration of the Holocene. The likelihood of such pre-Holocene groundwater ages is also supported by the hydrogeochemistry of the pingo springs, which demonstrate a sea-wards freshening of groundwater, potentially supplied by paleo-subglacial melting during the Weichselian. Such waters form a sub-permafrost fresh water wedge that progressively thins inland, where the duration of permafrost aggradation is longest. The mixing ratio of the underlying marine waters therefore increases in this direction because less unfrozen freshwater is available for mixing. Although this unusual hydraulic system is most likely governed by permafrost aggradation, the potential for additional pressurization is also explored. We conclude that methane production and methane clathrate formation may also affect hydraulic the pressure in sub-permafrost aquifers, but additional research is needed to fully establish their influence.
Ancillary services from wind turbines: automatic generation control (AGC) from a single Type 4 turbine
Authors: Rebello Eldrich , Watson David , Rodgers Marianne
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Wind turbines possess the technical ability to provide various ancillary services to the electrical grid. Despite this, renewable generators such as wind and solar have traditionally not been allowed to provide significant amounts of ancillary services, in part due to the variable and uncertain nature of their electricity generation. Increasing levels of renewable generation, however, continue to displace existing synchronous generation and thus necessitate new sources of ancillary or system services. This work is part of an ongoing project that seeks to provide empirical evidence and an examination of how ancillary services can be provided from commercially available wind turbines. We focus specifically on providing secondary frequency response (automatic generation control or AGC) and demonstrate that wind turbines have the technical capability to provide this service. The algorithms used are intentionally simple so as to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of the turbine technology. This work presents results from a single, 800 kW, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Type 4 wind turbine. A total of 10 % of rated power is offered on the regulation market. We do not separate up- and downregulation into individual services. Upregulation is offered through a 5 % constant power curtailment. The AGC update interval is 4 s, to mimic real-world conditions. We use performance scoring methods from the Pennsylvania–Jersey–Maryland (PJM) operator and the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada to quantify the wind turbine's response. We use the calculated performance scores, annual site wind data, and 2017 PJM market price data to estimate income from providing secondary frequency regulation. In all cases presented, income from the regulation market is greater than the energy income lost due to curtailment.
Nossa alma ao céu se remonta: o Mito e as Mídias no Círio De Nazaré em Belém do Pará
Authors: Bitar Helder Fadul , Reymão Ana Elizabeth Neirão , Bittencourt Nicolle Manuelle Bahia
Published: February 2020

O Círio é uma celebração em homenagem à Nossa Senhora de Nazaré realizado desde 1793 no Estado do Pará e reconhecido pelos meios oficiais como Patrimônio Cultural do Brasil desde 2004. É uma festividade que remonta ao mito e tradição cultural passada de geração em geração, resultando na maior procissão religiosa brasileira, que atrai milhares de pessoas às ruas de sua capital, Belém. O artigo utiliza a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e o método hipotético/dedutivo, tendo como objetivo principal revisitar o mito da criação do Círio de Nazaré e a consolidação dos símbolos para poder compreender como as mídias se apropriaram desses símbolos e os incorporaram como representação das festividades. Dentre as conclusões, destaca-se que o cartaz oficial se tornou um dos principais símbolos da festividade, representando tanto o passado quanto o presente, ao ser incorporado pelas novas mídias.
Nostalgia, distopia e ficção seriada: relações entre passado e futuro no imaginário contemporâneo
Authors: Machado Heitor Leal
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho procura refletir sobre as noções de nostalgia e distopia em relação à ficção seriada televisiva. O objetivo é questionar a presença dos tempos passados e futuros nesse tipo de narrativa, produções transnacionais histórica e culturalmente localizadas que abordam os riscos, medos e anseios dos indivíduos na contemporaneidade. Assim, séries, minisséries e telenovelas abrem espaço para dar novos sentidos às experiências passadas e imaginar um futuro por vir. Um jogo em que o passado é positivado e compreendido como algo bom, mas que se perdeu, enquanto o futuro é desesperançoso e caótico, projetando o imaginário de um mundo em crise.
Produção e consumo de cerveja artesanal como alternativa para hotéis fazenda
Authors: Oliveira Sérgio Domingos de , Rosa Lélio Galdino , Tomazin Mariana
Published: February 2020

A produção de cervejas artesanais no Brasil está em expansão nos últimos anos. Por isso, buscou-se com essa pesquisa aproximar esse tema ao contexto dos hotéis fazenda. Para tal, utilizou-se o método dedutivo, por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, estruturada com levantamento bibliográfico. Dessa forma, a pesquisa apresenta como a produção de cervejas artesanais pode ser uma alternativa vinculada a diversos produtos e experiências nesse tipo de meio de hospedagem. O estudo identificou como possibilidades resultantes da produção artesanal de cervejas em hotéis fazenda: o valor agregado ao cardápio, a complementação de serviços, a promoção de eventos, a estruturação de roteiros e visitas guiadas, a oferta de cursos específicos, além da possibilidade de consumir um produto único e local. Esses atributos podem beneficiar tanto a dinâmica do empreendimento quanto do destino e região.
The Discovery of the Argyle Pipe, Western Australia: The World’s First Lamproite-Hosted Diamond Mine
Authors: Smith Christopher B. , Atkinson Warren J. , Tyler Ewen W.J. , Hall Anne E. , Macdonald Iain
Published: February 2020

Argyle diamond mine discovery is a tale of scientific exploration, belief, and persistence over a nine-year period from project formulation in 1971 to pipe discovery in 1979. Initial inspiration came from a suggestion that leucite lamproites that crop out in the Kimberley region of Western Australia were derived by differentiation from a kimberlite-like peridotite magma. A 200,000-km2-wide program of reconnaissance stream sampling was initiated in the north of Western Australia and discovered kimberlite indicator minerals and diamonds in three parts of the Kimberley basin and adjacent King Leopold and Halls Creek orogens. An innovative laboratory was constructed for indicator mineral recovery, and the use of chromite as an indicator was pioneered and proved a key mineral. Follow-up of indicator/diamond anomalies led to the world’s first recognition of olivine lamproites. The program led to the discovery of the smaller-scale Ellendale lamproite diamond deposit en route to finding the tier 1, high-grade Argyle pipe, the world’s first economic olivine lamproite-hosted diamond deposit, which has produced >750 million carats since 1983. Prior to these discoveries, traditional targets for diamond pipe exploration were areas of ancient cratonic basement. The Argyle and Ellendale deposits lie within the Halls Creek and King Leopold orogens, respectively, over thrust upon ancient cratonic lithosphere. The discoveries thus introduced a new target rock, olivine lamproite, for diamond exploration in nontraditional orogen environments.
Evaluation of the AK1 Deposit at Argyle Diamond Mine
Authors: Roffey S. , Rayner M. J. , Davy A. T. , Platell R. W.
Published: February 2020

The 36-year evaluation history of the AK1 lamproite of the Argyle diamond mine (1980–2016) captures an important chapter in the development of diamond deposit evaluation. The resource potential was recognized early in the evaluation process, despite indications of a fine diamond size-frequency distribution and lower-quality stones. High diamond density and the size-frequency distribution characteristics allowed development of sampling methods. These included large-diameter core sampling and analysis of 20-kg samples of NQ/split HQ core for microdiamonds, which were significantly cheaper than traditional methods and unique to the diamond industry at the time. These methods permitted increasingly deep evaluation programs that augmented resources, underpinned the underground block cave feasibility study and, for the first time, revealed four coalescing vents of the AK1 orebody to –735 m reduced level.

The majority of the deposit has high to moderate grades (2–5 ct/t), with extremely high grades in the uppercentral parts (>10 ct/t) and low grades in the north (0–1 ct/t). Despite some anomalous areas, at the scale of mining the AK1 deposit is striking in its size-frequency distribution homogeneity. Diamond size-quality distribution has also remained consistent for many years, being lower in the south and higher in the central-north with respect to the main central part of the deposit. The largest diamond deposit in the world (by contained diamond carats) and the largest producer, AK1 has sustained annual production averaging >25 million carats per annum (more than twice its nearest competitor). Size, homogeneity, and high grades (average 3.5 ct/t over 36 years) have been crucial to its longevity and economic success.
The Geology of the Argyle (AK1) Diamond Deposit, Western Australia
Authors: Rayner M. J. , Jaques A. L. , Boxer G. L. , Smith C. B. , Lorenz V. , Moss S. W. , Webb K. , Ford D.
Published: February 2020

The Argyle (AK1) pipe in the Kimberley region of Western Australia is the world’s largest source of natural diamonds, and it has produced more than 835 million carats since mining began in 1983. The ~1.2 Ga olivine lamproite pipe lies within the Paleoproterozoic Halls Creek orogen at the southeastern margin of the Kimberley craton, and it was emplaced during a period of extension associated with large-scale, NNE-trending strike-slip faulting of the orogen.

AK1 is composed of four coalesced, steep-sided diatremes aligned along an NNE-trending fault and tapering to narrow feeder zones at depth. The body is infilled by volcaniclastic olivine lamproite and cut by late olivine lamproite dikes. Two distinct groups of volcaniclastic rocks are present. The dominant type comprises mainly quartz-rich lapilli tuffs and coarse ash tuffs formed by numerous phreatomagmatic eruptions, when olivine lamproite magma was erupted through water-rich sands and silts of the Carr Boyd Group. In contrast, late-stage olivine lamproite lapilli tuffs, devoid of accidental quartz grains, fill the center of the northern diatreme.

Following emplacement, the body was tilted 30° to the north and extended north-south by the sinistral north-northwest–south-southeast Gap fault system and east-northeast–west-southwest by the dextral Razor Ridge fault. The Razor Ridge fault offsets the most southerly diatreme (southern tail) from the main part of AK1. Reversal of structural offsets affecting AK1 reveals a geometry which closely resembles that of other ultramafic diatremes.

Variations in diamond grade and quality within AK1 indicate that at least two distinct magmas with unique diamond contents have been emplaced at Argyle.
Gender-related Differences in Research Productivity, Position, and Advancement Among Academic Orthopaedic Faculty Within the United States
Authors: Hoof Marcus A. , Sommi Corinne , Meyer Lucy E. , Bird Mackenzie L. , Brown Symone M. , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

The number of female residents in orthopaedic surgery is rising; however, orthopaedics currently has the lowest percentage of women among all medical specialties. The Hirsch index (h-index) is a metric used to determine research productivity, an important factor for academic promotion in the field of orthopaedics. The purpose of this study was to compare research productivity (using the h-index) among male and female orthopaedic surgeons at academic residency programs within the United States.

Methods:

The websites for all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited orthopaedic surgery residency programs in the United States were evaluated and the following information was collected: geographic region of the institution, sex, specialty, academic rank, and institutional leadership positions of faculty members. The h-index for each faculty member was collected from the Web of Science Database.

Results:

H-indices of 4,323 academic orthopaedic surgeons from 160 residency programs in the United States were collected. In total, 1,587 faculty members were assistant professors (220, 13.9% women), 839 were associate professors (91, 10.8% women), 902 were professors (50, 5.5% women), and academic rank was not specified for 991 (74, 7.5% women). One hundred forty-three faculty members held the position of department chair (2, 1.4% women) and 701 were division chiefs (58, 8.3% women). In geographic regions with a greater proportion of female orthopaedic faculty members, women had greater research productivity. Among Department Chairs, associate professors, and professors there was no difference in research productivity between male and female academic orthopaedic surgeons. By contrast, among assistant professors, there was a significant difference in research productivity.

Conclusion:

A higher proportion of female faculty in an orthopaedic department was positively associated with increased female research productivity. Female faculty at the highest ranks and leadership positions are as academically productive as their male counterparts. Despite similar research productivity, female orthopaedic surgeons are not nearly as well represented as their male counterparts in orthopaedics in general and in leadership positions within the field. In addition, a significantly smaller research productivity among female assistant professors disappears at the higher ranks in comparison to their male counterparts. This indicates a critical gap in factors that influence research productivity according to sex at the most junior faculty rank.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
Van sleutelen aan het stelsel naar bouwen aan inhoudelijke vernieuwing
Authors: Wijsbroek Saskia , Kesselring Marije , Graas Dorien
Published: February 2020

From tinkering with the system to building substantive renewal

This article analyzes the decentralization and transformation of Dutch youth care since 2015. The authors point out that many problems still exist and in some cases have become worse. To fundamentally reform youth care much more is needed than just money or a system change. It is necessary, also according to international research, to create a strong pedagogical basis or ‘pedagogical civil society’. Also prevention on various levels (universal, selective, indicated) should receive a lot of attention, while the same applies to improving primary care support, such as youth health care, GP practice support, youth work and school social work. It would also be wise to invest in intensive youth care with long-lasting effects. Generally there should be a strong focus on tackling local and (supra)regional social issues.