bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penghantaran Baru Berbasis SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) pada Sediaan Gel Minyak Essential Rosemary sebagai Antiaging
Authors: Putri Leviana Eka , Karismatika Jihan , Kasunaringati Titi , Prifita Sari Avriellia , Dwi Pratiwi Elasari
Published: February 2024

Penuaan adalah suatu proses menghilangnya kemampuan suatu jaringan secara perlahan untuk memperbaiki dan mempertahankan struktur serta fungsi secara normal atau fisiologis, sehingga diperlukan agen antioksidan alami yang aman digunakan untuk kulit. Minyak Essential Rosemary mengandung zat antioksidan tinggi, namun Minyak Essential Rosemary bersifat hidrofobik sehingga diperlukan pengembangan dengan sistem penghantaran seperti Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS), Minyak Essential Rosemary diformulasikan dalam bentuk gel SNEDDS untuk melindungi dari reaksi oksidasi. Tujuan dilakukan riset ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan pada gel SNEDDS Minyak Essential Rosemary. Riset ini menggunakan eksperimental laboratory, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel random sampling, terbagi menjadi 2 tahap, tahap pertama melakukan optimasi terhadap formula SNEDDS Minyak Essential Rosemary dengan perbandingan konsentrasi kosurfaktan pada F1 menggunakan kosurfaktan sebanyak 5%, F2 6%, F3 7%, dan F4 8%. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji organoleptis, pH, daya sebar, homogenitas dan pengujian % Transmitan . Sedangkan, tahap kedua yaitu membuat formula gel SNEDDS Minyak Essential Rosemary. Pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap gel meliputi uji Organoleptis, pH, daya sebar, homogenitas, viskositas dan pengujian antioksidan. Hasil pengujian antioksidan didapatkan aktivitas antioksidan pada gel minyak essential rosemary dengan nilai IC50 5,468 μg/mL yang masuk kategori antioksidan sangat kuat, artinya gel minyak rosemary essential oil memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kuat pada sediaan nano emulsi
Pengembangan Peptida Antimikroba Sintesis (KR-12) dalam Sistem Vesikular Liposom
Authors: Apriani Diana Kurnia , Dwiya Reiva Farah , Chaerunisaa Anis Yohana , Rostinawati Tina
Published: February 2024

Peptida Antimikroba (PAM) merupakan salah satu kandidat yang memiliki potensi sebagai anti-infeksi baru yang memiliki aktivitas biologi yang luas dengan peptida yang panjang. Peptida antimikroba dengan jumlah peptida yang lebih pendek juga menarik untuk dikembangkan yaitu peptida antimikroba sintesis KR-12. Namun, peptida antimikroba memiliki keterbatasan dalam hal stabilitas. Liposom merupakan pembawa vesikular yang dapat digunakan sebagai pembawa untuk mengatasi keterbatasan peptida sintesis KR-12. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan formulasi dan karakterisasi liposom berbahan aktif antimikroba sintesis KR-12 dengan variasi waktu sonikasi dan hidrasi. Metode yang digunakan pada formulasi liposom yaitu metode hidrasi lapis tipis dengan pengecilan ukuran partikel menggunakan sonikator. Liposom KR-12 yang dihasilkan menunjukkan liposom dispersi berwarna putih susu, berbau khas lesitin dan tanpa endapan. Terdapat variasi formula yaitu F1 (8:2) (30 menit sonikasi, 100 menit hidrasi); F2 (8:2) (45 menit sonikasi, 120 menit hidrasi); F3 (9:1) (30 menit sonikasi, 100 menit hidrasi); F4 (9:1) (45 menit sonikasi, 120 menit hidrasi). Berdasarkan hasil didapatkan ukuran partikel berturut yaitu 311,3 nm; 300,0 nm; 298,8 nm; 254,2 nm. Nilai indeks polidispersitas sebesar 0,393; 0,457; 0,354; dan 0,294, serta zeta potensial sebesar -71,2 mv; -56,3 mv; -68,48; dan -53,9 mv. Waktu sonikasi dan hidrasi yang lebih lama menghasilkan ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil. Konsentrasi kolesterol yang lebih rendah menghasilkan ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil. Berdasarkan hasil analisis efisiensi enkapsulasi didapatkan hasil yaitu F4 88,76%; F3 97,75%; F2 96,09%; F1 99,37%. Waktu hidrasi mempengaruhi penjerapan KR-12, semakin lama waktu hidrasi, semakin tinggi penjerapan KR-12 pada liposom. Preparasi  liposom KR-12 dengan metode hidrasi lapis tipis optimal pada waktu sonikasi 45 menit dan waktu hidrasi 120 menit
Exploring the frontal recess: Specimens, endoscopy, and CT perspectives
Authors: Chmielewski Piotr Paweł , Strzelec Bartłomiej , Mozdziak Paul Edward
Published: February 2024

The frontal sinus, situated between the external and internal plates of the frontal bone, posterior to the brow ridges, is the most superior and complex structure within the paranasal sinuses. The frontal sinus outflow tract encompasses two parts: the frontal ostium superiorly and the frontal recess inferiorly, collectively forming the frontal sinus drainage pathway. The frontal recess represents the most anterosuperior portion of the ethmoid. Pneumatization of this area can extend from the agger nasi cell anteriorly to the ethmoidal bulla posteriorly. This recess is bounded by the orbital plate of the ethmoid laterally and the middle nasal concha (‘middle turbinate’) medially. The detailed understanding of frontal sinus anatomy is indispensable for medical professionals, including surgeons, otolaryngologists, rhinologists, and radio-logists. The frontal recess is clinically important, especially in the diagnosis and management of various medical conditions, particularly sinusitis. Surgeons often need to navigate this intricate area. Radiological imaging, such as computed tomography (CT) scans, is frequently employed to evaluate the frontal sinus and its drainage pathway, enabling clinicians to identify abnormalities such as tumors, polyps, or foreign bodies. In this study, we investigated the anatomical intricacies of the frontal recess using specimens, CT scans, and endoscopic imagery sourced from didactic and clinical settings.
Genetic dysfunctions leading to the pathogenic cascade of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Verschuren Jeya , Wozniak Slawomir
Published: February 2024

Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder caused by the dysfunction of a multitude of genetic components. This paper reviewed three main genetic factors leading to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis including: the epidermal barrier, the body’s immune system, and the filaggrin protein.
Connectors as a Key to Efficient Storm Water Management System: An In-Situ Assessment of Residential Estates in Poland
Authors: Gama Marques Paulina
Published: February 2024

Adaptation to climate change often aims to increase the ability of cities to retain water. In recent years, there has been a shift in the approach to managing storm water from traditional methods to nature-based methods, which view storm water as a valuable resource. This study conducted a systematic analysis of eleven contemporary housing estates that are commonly considered sustainable. The study aimed to identify the elements of rainwater management and determine whether these elements form a system. The research found that, in most cases, not all elements of a rainwater management system (RMS) were present. The housing estates in Gdańsk and Gdynia demonstrated some features of an RMS but were still incomplete due to missing elements such as channels and gaps in curbs that guide rainwater. The results suggest that the implementation of some elements of an RMS does not necessarily create a fully functional system. A fully effective RMS requires the integration of all necessary elements to allow water to flow between them.
Assessment of Design Principles in the Residential Buildings for Disabled Persons: A Case Study of Social Housing in Northern Cyprus
Authors: Al Hindwan Ibtihal Alwi , Erçin Çilen
Published: February 2024

All human beings in the world; no matter their race, culture, origin and religion have a right to live and access different environments with ease and comfort ability. This includes disabled persons with any type from all types of disability. Hence, we need to ensure that all the buildings that we need to access in our daily lives are designed to accommodate all. One of the most significant buildings that people spend most of their time in and their comfort being most important are residential buildings. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that residential homes incorporate inclusive design principles to accommodate all individuals, particularly those with special needs. This research paper examines residential spaces’ design principles for disabled individuals in Northern Cyprus, focusing on Mağusa and Nicosia's social housing, to assess their suitability. The methodology combines qualitative and quantitative analyses. Qualitatively, it includes a literature review on design principles for disabled access and an overview of residential spaces. Quantitatively, it employs a structured questionnaire with three sections: demographics, accessibility, and housing features, using a 1–5 scale (1 being Very Poor, and 5 being Very Good). Approximately 160 questionnaires were distributed, with 147 used in the study. The findings reveal challenges with sidewalk accessibility and toilet design, indicating dissatisfaction with residential designs. Social housing in Famagusta and Nicosia also falls short of universal design standards for the disabled. Despite these issues, residents are relatively satisfied with the living room and kitchen spaces. Overall, the research concludes that Northern Cyprus residential designs inadequately address the special needs of disabled individuals, particularly regarding circulation spaces and overall quality.
Formation of the Architectural Space of Central Ukrainian Cities. The Example of Kropyvnytskyi (Yelisavetgrad)
Authors: Penyaz Tetyana , Sleptsov Oleg
Published: February 2024

The article examines the architectural spatial development of cities in Central Ukraine under the influence of landscape conditions and changes in socio-cultural factors using the city of Kropyvnytsky (Elysavetgrad) as an example. The peculiarities of the historical development of the architectural and planning structure of the city, located on the border of Central Ukraine and the northern Black Sea region, are poorly studied due to its location in the agricultural steppe region of Ukraine.

The aim of the paper is to reveal the regularities and basic principles of the relationship between the architectural and spatial development of the city with natural and landscape conditions and changes in socio-cultural factors. The work is based on a complex application of general scientific and special research methods.

The transformations of the urban environment of the centre of Kropyvnytskyi (Elysavetgrad) at the end of the 20th century led to the distortion of the scale of the buildings and the loss of their significant elements. Comprehensive studies of the evolution of the urban structure and historic buildings in the city centre will help architects and urban planners to preserve the architectural and urban heritage in the modern urban space.
Reliable Tilt of Objects Subjected to Rectification and Located in Mining Areas
Authors: Gromysz Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

Mining exploitation of hard coal is conducted in the Silesian region in Poland. As a result, the post-mining void is formed which leads to non-uniform lowering of the ground level. Consequently, thousands of buildings are vertically deflected. This type of deflection causes troublesome use of buildings, underestimates their value, and in extreme situations leads to exceeded limit states. Therefore, such buildings are rectified by non-uniform elevations by means of jacks. On the basis of the analysed rectification processes, the method of determining the deflection of a building and the height of elevating its corners were presented depending on the type of building. This paper is a review of methods of determining the deflection of buildings having different sizes: single-storey buildings, single-storey buildings with a usable attic, two-storey buildings, and 11-storey buildings. Moreover, specific situations were analysed, in which the elevation height was determined by a range of additional works performed during rectification. This review was used to develop guidelines for determining deflection values and specifying the height of non-uniform elevation of corners.
Optimisation of the Parameters of a Vibration Damper Installed on a Historic Bridge
Authors: Podwórna Monika , Grosel Jacek
Published: February 2024

The paper presents theoretical analyses of renovating a historical bridge in order to decrease stresses. The installation of additional equipment, including a vibration absorber, is relatively easy to perform if such a need is indicated by the current bridge diagnostics or the monitoring of the structure’s vibrations. Moreover, absorbers could be mounted in such a way as not to alter the appearance of the historic structure. The authors focused on the problem of optimising the cooperation between a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) and a structure under dynamic load moving with constant velocity. A simple degree of freedom (SDOF) system – as a model of the absorber and a multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) system – as the primary structure, were adopted in the calculations. Every force is regarded as a random variable, as well as interarrivals of moving forces. Two different situations and solutions were presented. The first case is when the stream of moving forces with a constant velocity is modelled as the filtered Poisson process. The second one when one of the forces is located in the point of the beam in which the response of the beam has the maximum value.
Analysis of Application of Gradient Concrete Models to Assess Concrete Cover Degradation Under Reinforcement Corrosion
Authors: Yurkova Kseniya , Krykowski Tomasz
Published: February 2024

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the application of two nonlocal gradient-formulated models to evaluate the concrete cover degradation time. Calculations were made taking into account the increase in the volume of the steel ring around the perimeter of the reinforcement bar. The results of the calculations were compared with the results of experimental studies published in the literature and with the elastic-plastic model based on the Menetrey-Willam surface, in which the objectivity of the obtained results depends on the fracture energy. In addition, the paper compares solutions using different contact models and cohesion models.
Ambient Air Quality in Upper Silesia Region Pre-During, and Post-COVID-19 Periods
Authors: Brągoszewska Ewa , Mainka Anna , Biedroń Izabela
Published: February 2024

Governments worldwide have established lockdowns to limit the spread of COVID-19 during the pandemic. The restrictions on travel and reduction of economic activity have led to a temporary improvement in air quality in several countries, especially in urban areas. This study investigates the changes in concentration levels of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and bacterial aerosol) in the Upper Silesia Region of Southern Poland, during three periods: pre (March 2018 and 2019), during (March 2020, and 2021) and post-COVID-19 lockdown period (March 2022 and 2023). Our findings indicate that COVID-19 restrictions had a moderate impact on PM10 levels in comparison to pre- and post-COVID-19 periods. PM2.5 during lockdown was significantly lower than in the pre-COVID period and not significantly higher after COVID. PM10 and PM2.5 average concentrations decreased during COVID-19 restrictions by 27.8% and 12.7%, respectively. Compared with the results from the pre-COVID-19 phase, the reductions in NO2 and SO2 during the lockdown were 9.5% and 34.0%. Among other pollutants, bacterial aerosol (BA) concentrations also decreased during the lockdown by 23.0%, compared to the results from the pre-COVID-19 period.
Application of the Simple Additive Weighting Method in the Assessment Process of Air Pollution on the Campus of the Silesian University of Technology
Authors: Zajusz-Zubek Elwira , Korban Zygmunt
Published: February 2024

The article presents the measurement results of the concentration of dust PM10 and PM2.5 as well as SO2, NO, NO2 and NOx based on a mobile laboratory located on the campus of the Silesian University of Technology (Poland, Gliwice, Konarskiego 20B, 50.292934N, 18.682164E), in the so-called “winter period” in 2020 (from 01/01/2020 to 31/03/2020 and from 01/10/2020 to 31/12/2020). The obtained results were used to carry out a synthetic (aggregated) assessment of the threat to the anthropogenic environment, the so-called “objects”, i.e. days on which the measurements were made, interpreted as points in the multidimensional space with coordinates corresponding to the measurement results of the concentration of dust pollutants: PM10 and PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants: SO2, NO, NO2 and NOx. The determined synthetic values additionally allowed for ordering (creating rankings) of the examined “objects” in terms of air quality. For the calculations, the Simple Additive Weighting method (SAW) was used, which belongs to the group of single-criteria synthesis methods.
Some theoretical results on fractional-order continuous information measures
Authors: Benmahmoud Slimane
Published: February 2024

By rewriting the differential entropy in a form of a differ-integral function’s limit, and deforming the ordinary derivative to a fractional-order one, we derive in this paper a novel generalized fractional-order differential entropy along with its related information measures. When the order of fractional differentiation α → 1, the ordinary Shannon’s differential entropy is recovered, which corresponds to the results from first-order ordinary differentiation.
Improving Environmental Performance Through Innovative Academic Citizenship Behaviour: Green Training And Development, Green Recruitment And Selection As Antecedents In Jordanian Government University
Authors: Alqudah MohammadNoor Khaled m , Yusof Yusnita
Published: February 2024

Education institutions are thought to be largely responsible for environmental pollution even though businesses of all shapes and sizes contribute to this issue. This research explores how important factors might help government universities in Jordan develop and implement green innovation. It seeks also to examine whether the academic citizenship behaviour is a mediating variable that explains the connection between green training and development, green recruitment and selection, and organization environmental performance. Accordingly, an email survey was conducted to collect responses from 404 employees in the Jordanian Government universities. The study used contemporary variance-based structural equation modelling (Amos-SEM) for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The obtained results indicated a positive association between green training and development and two variables, namely academic citizenship behaviour, and organization environmental performance. They also indicated a positive association between green recruitment and selection and two variables, namely, academic citizenship behaviour and organization environmental performance. As well as between academic citizenship behaviour and organization environmental performance. Furthermore, they showed mediating effects of academic citizenship behaviour in the relationship between green training and development and organization environmental performance and between green recruitment and selection and organization environmental performance. This paper helps to provide insights to HRM practitioners, shedding light on the importance of Green HRM practices and their role in enhancing organization environmental performance.
Nursing care of a patient after a craniofacial area microsurgical transplant in a teenage boy
Authors: Roman Zuzanna , Roman Małgorzata Barbara , Pułym-Ejsmont Malwina
Published: February 2024

Aim. The aim of the study was to make selected nursing diagnoses for a patient after a microsurgical transplant in the facial area, with the aim of providing the patient with comprehensive care in the perioperative period.

Material and methods. The study describes the case of a child after microsurgical transplantation of a flap taken from the left iliac plate to the right submandibular region. The individual case method was used. Clinical interview, observation, measurement and medical documentation data were analyzed.

Results. Four selected nursing diagnoses were presented along with planned interventions: risk of complications at the site of microsurgical flap transplantation, risk of donor site infection, discomfort caused by intense oozing of secretions from the postoperative wound in the oral cavity and the boy’s depressed mood caused by low self-esteem resulting from the changed postoperative facial appearance and the failure of the first surgical procedure.

Conclusions. Nursing interventions should be adapted to the patient’s dynamically changing recovery process. They should be based on systematic inspection of the recipient and donor sites for the occurrence of complications. Education of the patient and the caregiver is an important element of the therapeutic process. It was not possible to significantly improve the child’s mood.
Smart Agent-Based Direct Load Control of Air Conditioner Populations in Demand Side Management
Authors: Yazdkhasti Pegah , Cárdenas–Barrera Julian Luciano , Diduch Chris
Published: February 2024

The integration of fluctuating renewable resources such as wind and solar into existing power systems poses challenges to grid reliability and the seamless incorporation of these resources. To address the inherent variability in renewable generation, direct load control emerges as a promising method for demand-side management. Thermostatically controlled appliances, like air conditioners, hold a significant role in this approach. However, effective direct load control necessitates accurate load magnitude estimation and the potential for load shifting. In this paper, we introduce a smart-agent architecture that employs a mathematical model to forecast aggregated power consumption behavior, even when changes are introduced by the controller. To assess system performance, a numerical simulator was developed, demonstrating the system’s adaptability to changes, its self-retraining capability, and its continuous improvement in predicting aggregated power consumption.
Estimation of land and manpower needs for year-round supply of green fodder (Super Napier) to dairy cattle through time studies and crop cutting experiments
Authors: Rao M. V. Dharma , Reddy B. Nageswara , Reddy P. Pandu Ranga , Reddy G. Sri Manjula
Published: February 2024

The present study was undertaken to determine the land and manpower needed for the production of Super Napier fodder for the year-round feeding of dairy cattle present in Livestock Research Station, Mahanandi, Nandyal district, Andhra Pradesh through time studies and crop cutting experiments. The occasional activities of fodder production such as tillage, planting, irrigation and fertilizer application required 113.97 ± 7.31, 35.81 ± 0.98, 8.45 ± 0.31 and 0.56 ± 0.03 man-hours per acre, respectively, while the daily activities of fodder production such as harvesting of fodder, loading of fodder bundles, transport, chaffing and feeding took 5.64 ± 0.19, 1.86 ± 0.11, 0.24 ± 0.01, 0.93 ± 0.06 and 0.34 ± 0.01 man-hours per ton, respectively. Among the tillage operations, weeding required the most time (105.83 ± 6.90 man-hours per acre) and the application of an adjusted cultivator required the least time (0.64 ± 0.07 man-hours per acre). The cutting of planting material into stem cuttings and the harvesting of the planting material consumed the highest (16.52 ± 0.62 man-hours per acre) and lowest (3.97 ± 0.28 man-hours per acre) time, respectively, among the planting operations. There was a significant difference between two labourers of the same age in the application of adjusted cultivator (P < 0.01) and furrow irrigation (P < 0.05). The mean fresh yield of fodder in the farm was 16.73 ± 1.62 tons per acre per harvest or 100.40 ± 9.72 tons per acre per annum. Based on the results, it was concluded that one acre of cultivable land managed by a single person is sufficient for ensuring the year-round feeding of seven dairy animals under Super Napier fodder production.
The Tree "Yggdrasil" as a Symbolic Key to the Interpretation of the Novel by Mark Z. Danilevsky's "House of Leaves"
Authors: Novikau Artur Viktorovich
Published: February 2024

The object of research in this article is a novel by Mark Z. Danilevsky's "House of Leaves" in the context of postmodernism. The subject of the study was the mythical element of the novel (ash Yggdrasil). This element is considered as a hermeneutic key to the interpretation of the novel by Mark Z. Danilevsky's "House of Leaves". Also, the subject of the study is space and time in the novel, inextricably linked with the mythical component of the works. As a result, a detailed analysis of the mythical component of the "House of Leaves" is given in the context of the poetics of postmodernism, as well as some characteristics of the space-time of the novel. Hermeneutical interpretation is performed using the poem "Yggdrasil", located on the last page of the novel, as a symbolic key. The grapheme "Yggdrasil" and the symbolism of the components of the limit tree in their relation to the exemplification of the structure of the novel as a whole are analyzed. The mechanism of the inclusion of the work in the context of world literature is described through the actualization of semantic and etymological inclusions of mythical motifs about the creation of the world in the text of the "House of Leaves". The analysis of intertextual references to Egyptian mythology through the symbols of the ouroboros and the solar disk is given. The plot of the path of the sun god Ra in the "House of Leaves" is analyzed. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that we have analyzed the symbolic detail in the novel: the hidden symbolism of the "Ash Tree" as the tree of the limit; elements of biblical mythology; the image of the inverted world; labyrinth, stairs. The interpretation of the work as a model of the world is considered, where the ambiguity of mythological and spatio-temporal layers, based on the inevitable symbolic references-threads, function as an instrument of appeal to the cultural unconscious. The connection of the mythologies of Egypt, Tibet, the texts of the "Upanishads" and "Kabbalah", as well as the artistic and literary intertext with the "House of Leaves" is analyzed. As a result of this hermeneutic analysis, an ironic postmodern interpretation of the work of Mark Z. is described. Danilevsky through the symbolism of emptiness (unselfishness).
Shock-Induced Separation and Control in a 4.32-Aspect-Ratio Test Section
Authors: Warning Sally , Lambert Scott , McQuilling Mark , Mani Mortaza , Scharnhorst Richard
Published: February 2024

Experimental test sections studying shock-wave–boundary-layer interactions are usually right-angled by design to replicate the supersonic engine inlets where these interactions are observed. To avoid flow separation and shock effects on the side walls, investigations are typically performed on the centerline of the test section. However, the centerlines of small-aspect-ratio test sections can be significantly affected by the flow structures generated in the corners. Results using a large-aspect-ratio test section at a freestream Mach number of 1.6 include centerline and corner flow separation topologies, schlieren images of shock structures, total pressure profiles, and surface static pressures throughout the interaction region. These results provide evidence that the large-aspect-ratio test section can produce a large area of centerline flow that is unaffected by the separation and shock structures generated in the corners, which is a significant improvement over most of the smaller-aspect-ratio test sections employed for these types of studies. Microvortex generators are also employed upstream of the interaction, and measurements indicate a five-vortex system that energizes the near-wall boundary layer enough to overcome the shock’s adverse pressure gradient while remaining attached.
Novel Hypergolic Green Fuels with Hydrogen Peroxide for Propulsion Systems
Authors: Mota Fábio A. S. , Fei Lihan , Liu Mingyang , Jiang Jiawei , Tang Chenglong
Published: February 2024

By combining the advantages of chemicals from two different classes, a series of catalytically promoted green hypergolic fuels named polyamine/alkanolamine-based hypergolics (PAHyp) with highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide (96%) as an oxidizer was developed. In this paper, a novel recipe based on [Formula: see text]-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and [Formula: see text]-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), named PAHyp 1, is characterized. Samples with different volume proportions of TMEDA and MDEA catalyzed with 0.5–4 wt% of copper salts were prepared. It was demonstrated that, by adding low catalyst loadings of 1–2 wt%, ultrafast ignition (as low as 8 ms) can be measured. Fast ignition is important to avoid a hard start in the startup phase, and reduced catalyst loading is important to avoid loss of performance in terms of specific impulse. To evaluate the system’s performance, an orbital transfer maneuver of a geostationary satellite that burns monomethylhydrazine with nitrogen tetroxide was considered. It was demonstrated that when using green formulations based on TMEDA/MDEA, smaller propellant tanks are required (because of the higher density of the green propellants), though more propellant mass is required due to a slightly low specific impulse. Besides good performance and reliable ignition, good storability is crucial for long-term space applications. Remarkably, although TMEDA is sensitive to air, visual inspection, ignition tests, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that formulations with volume proportions of at least 60% of MDEA stored in vials filled with air survived with no signs of degradation after 14 months. Finally, to meet the requirement of long-term missions of several years in space, a hypergolic tripropellant feed system was proposed.
Generation of Tow Paths on a Curved Shell in Three-Dimensional Space for Fiber Steering
Authors: van Zanten Floris-Jan , Pupo Caleb , Barazanchy Darun , van Tooren Michael
Published: February 2024

A multimesh framework to optimize two-dimensional, flat-steered fiber laminates for a given loading condition is extended to include complex curved laminates in three-dimensional (3D) space. The optimal fiber angle distribution solution is used by a tow path planner to generate (steered) tow paths in curved laminates in 3D space. The framework utilizes two meshes in the optimization step: i) a coarse quadrilateral element-based manufacturing mesh (MM) used to discretize the fiber angle distributions with nodal values; and ii) a fine triangular element-based stress mesh used in the finite-element-based stress analysis to ensure a converged solution. Lagrangian interpolation functions are used to determine the fiber angles at the centroid of each finite element analysis (FEA) mesh element within a given MM. The number of design variables is minimized without jeopardizing the accuracy of the FEA solution. A third mesh, the tessellation mesh, is used to project the generated tow paths onto the curved laminates in 3D space accurately. This paper presents all the steps needed to go from optimized fiber angles to tow paths. In conclusion, a methodology is proposed and implemented to optimize variable-stiffness laminates on complex curved structures.
Rotor Power Savings and Pitch-Link Load Reductions with Spanwise-Varying Active Camber Morphing
Authors: Komp Dominik , Hajek Manfred , Yavrucuk Ilkay , Rauleder Juergen
Published: February 2024

The effect of spanwise-varying active-camber morphing on helicopter rotor power and pitch-link loads was investigated computationally for advance ratios ranging from hovering to high-speed forward flight ([Formula: see text]) and was compared to results obtained with spanwise uniform camber actuation. Different actuation strategies were applied, such as constant (0P) deflection and superimposed harmonic actuation based on a 0P deflection combined with 1P (one per revolution) and 2P harmonics. A comprehensive rotor aeromechanics model of an isolated Bo-105 rotor, including elastic blade modeling and free vortex wake aerodynamics, was used for this analysis. Two different active-camber section sizes were investigated, one ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] and one from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The greatest benefits from active-camber actuation were found in hover and high-speed flight. It was possible to reduce both the rotor power consumption and the peak-to-peak pitch-link loads. A relevant contribution of the spanwise variability to these power gains was obtained in hovering flight. Toward higher flight speeds, the effect of spanwise variable camber morphing became less important in terms of rotor power savings. However, it allowed a notable reduction of the actuation amplitude far outboard on the rotor blade.
Framework for Offline Data-Driven Aircraft Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Dahleni Kraemer Aline , Villani Emilia
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes a framework for aircraft fault diagnosis based on the offline analysis of flight data. It overcomes the limitations of current data-driven approaches by combining steps based on both real data, obtained from aircraft flight data records, and simulated data, generated from aircraft models. The framework explores unsupervised and supervised methods, resulting in a proactive approach to flight safety and speeding the learning of fault cases. The influence of both temporal data representation and sensor selection on fault diagnosis performance is analyzed. The framework is organized into four phases (initial, training, operation, and improvement) that cover the aircraft system lifecycle. We used the hierarchical clustering algorithm in the unsupervised part and an ensemble of three algorithms ([Formula: see text]-nearest neighbors, decision trees, and neural networks) in the supervised one. The framework is evaluated using an aircraft electrohydraulic actuating system as the case study, for which we obtained a balanced accuracy of 96% in the operation phase and of 90.4% in the improvement phase. The contribution of the framework is also accessed through a comparison with results obtained using only supervised methods. It confirms that the combination of supervised and unsupervised methods improves the performance of the fault diagnosis system.
Adaptive Weight Model Predictive Path Integral Control for Multiconstrained Missile Guidance
Authors: Kim Ki-Pyo , Lee Chang-Hun
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to propose a new computational guidance method for missiles that can satisfy multiple practical constraints, such as impact angle and time, seeker’s field-of-view, and acceleration constraints. The proposed method is based on the model predictive path integral (MPPI) with a novel adaptive weight scheme. MPPI control is a numerical optimization approach that solves optimal control problems using a stochastic process. In this approach, the optimal control inputs are repeatedly updated to minimize the cost functions of sampled state trajectories generated by propagating the system model with a noise input. However, in the conventional MPPI architecture, the cost functions for constraints are typically formulated using fixed weight values, and it is also challenging to handle terminal constraints. Finding appropriate weight values for each cost function and the terminal constraints requires a lot of effort, making the conventional MPPI approach inadequate for solving optimal control problems with multiple constraints and terminal constraints, such as multiconstrained guidance problems. To solve this problem, we propose a new method called adaptive weight MPPI control. The cost weights are automatically adjusted using the estimated states from the sampled state trajectories. This proposed MPPI architecture allows us to solve multiconstrained guidance problems without carefully tuning the weight values. Moreover, the proposed method can be easily applied to various multiconstrained guidance problems without significant configuration changes in guidance algorithms. Numerical simulations are performed for various engagement conditions to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed guidance algorithm in this study.
Learning Generative Models for Climbing Aircraft from Radar Data
Authors: Pepper Nick , Thomas Marc
Published: February 2024

Accurate trajectory prediction for climbing aircraft is hampered by the presence of epistemic uncertainties concerning aircraft operation, which can lead to significant misspecification between predicted and observed trajectories. This paper proposes a generative model for climbing aircraft in which the standard Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) model is enriched by a functional correction to the thrust that is learned from the data. The method offers three features: predictions of the arrival time with 66.3% less error when compared to BADA; generated trajectories that are realistic when compared to test data; and a means of computing confidence bounds for minimal computational cost.
Control of Reverse Flow over Cantilevered Swept Blades Using Passive Camber Morphing
Authors: Nelson Cooper , Kumar Guha Tufan , Amitay Michael
Published: February 2024

High-speed rotorcraft experience a region of reversed flow over the retreating blade at high advance ratios. This reverse flow region results in multiple unfavorable effects, including negative lift, increased drag, and a large pitching moment impulse. The effect of the sweep angle on a rotor blade in reverse flow was explored, and it was demonstrated that the introduction of a trailing edge reflex camber could mitigate the adverse effects seen in this regime. A cantilevered, finite-span NACA 63-218 blade was examined at a Reynolds number [Formula: see text] both with and without a 10° trailing edge reflex camber. Three blades were tested: one with 20° forward sweep, one with 20° backward sweep, and one with no sweep. The experiments consisted of load measurements across a range of angles of attack, as well as volumetric flowfield measurements using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry on the two swept models at 10° angle of attack in reverse flow. The flowfields exhibited a highly three-dimensional separation bubble that existed on the blades in both backward and forward sweep conditions. Cambering of the trailing edge led to almost complete flow attachment on the backward swept model and a significant reduction in separation over the forward swept model. Cambering also led to a large reduction in drag in the entire reverse flow regime in both swept and unswept conditions. A large reduction in pitching moment and a smaller reduction in negative lift were also observed at moderate angles of attack.
Carbon Monoxide Dissociation at Planetary Entry Conditions Examined by Megahertz-Rate Laser Spectroscopy
Authors: Minesi Nicolas Q. , Lai Lok H. , Richmond Miles O. , Jelloian Christopher C. , Mitchell Spearrin R.
Published: February 2024

A study of carbon monoxide (CO) dissociation was performed in a shock tube at conditions relevant to the high-speed entry of Venus and Mars atmospheres. The CO number density (or mole fraction) and the temperature are probed behind reflected shock waves at 1 MHz using scanned-wavelength laser absorption spectroscopy near [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). The wide range of vibrational states ([Formula: see text], and 10) probed by this technique enables precise number density and temperature measurements up to and above 9000 K using a Boltzmann population fit of the resolved spectral lines. Mixtures of CO diluted in Ar at 3–60% are shock-heated in a wide range of conditions ([Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]) and compared to state-of-the-art chemical kinetic models. The time-resolved measurements of temperature and number density behind reflected shock waves are utilized to infer the rate coefficients of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], Ar. They are found to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Internet of Things Analystics Menggunakan ELK Stacks Dalam Pabrik Perangkat Server
Authors: Bryant Kent , Mulyadi Melisa , Panjaitan MM Lanny , Angela Kartawidjaja Maria , Rippun Gideon Manalu Ferry
Published: February 2024

The internet is an information and communication technology that makes it easier for human activities to access data and send information into networks. For industry, the internet is also used to store data both internally and externally. There are several application facilities that are open source to help the industry save data via the internet to the cloud, one of which is the ELK stack. In this research, a simulation of a temperature and humidity monitoring system is designed for a server device factory and simultaneously calculates the amount of production. The data obtained is sent to Elasticsearch as a cloud so that the measurement data can be monitored and visualized in the form of graphs. The system is realized using a microcontroller, ESP8266, DHT11 sensor and proximity sensor. This design is equipped with an ELK system that can collect data and filter the required data so that it can be monitored and visualized in real time. The results of testing the temperature and humidity obtained are in the optimal value range and also proves that this research can be used on a large scale. It is recommended that    this design be implemented in a factory or  smart home to make it easier to obtain and retrieve the required data.
Analisis Audio Capture untuk Pengumpulan Data pada Smart Speaker
Authors: Zenik Andre , Lukas Lukas , Olivia Sereati Catherine , Indriati Kumala , Wijayanti Linda
Published: February 2024

Internet of Things or IoT is a technology that is currently trending, because it can help human in their daily routine. One of the IoT product that used in homes is smart speaker. However, every latest technological innovation does not escape from vulnerabilities and one of them is the microphone on the smart speaker. Several studies and research have found that security vulnerabilities in smart speakers, such as dolphin attacks and audio capture. To find out how this audio capture technique works, an experiment was made to understand how it works and the impact of this technique. This experiment uses a smart speaker with voice assistant Alexa, using the Alexa Skills Kit services and Flask-Ask framework to create an audio capture program. The results of this program testing are expected to be used as a benchmark to prevent smart speakers from becoming the target of this technique anymore.
Primary pulmonary osteosarcoma: A rare malignancy of the lung with histopathologic correlation
Authors: Mandava Anitha , Yalamanchili Rohit , Kodandapani Suseela , Koppula Veeraiah
Published: February 2024

Primary pulmonary osteosarcoma (PPO) is an uncommon aggressive mesenchymal neoplasm of the lung characterized by the production of osteoid matrix. Calcified metastases from osteosarcoma of bone are more common in the lung rather than PPOs, and the differentiation between these two entities is important for the management. The diagnosis of PPO requires exclusion of primary osteosarcoma elsewhere in the body and also histopathological confirmation. We report a case of primary osteosarcoma of the lung with a brief review of literature.
Emerging insights into cephalic neural crest disorders: A single center experience
Authors: Nayak Manoj Kumar , Mishra Biswamohan , Levejoseph Sebastian , Garg Ajay , Sarma Kalyan , Sahoo Biswajit , Tripathi Manjari , Gaikwad Shailesh B.
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are transient structures in the fetal life in vertebrates, which develop at the junctional site of the non-neural and neural ectoderm, sharing a common developmental origin for diverse diseases. After Epithelio-mesenchymal (EMT) of the NCCs within the neural tube, delamination of NCCs occurs. After delamination, the transformation of these cells into various cell lineages produces melanocytes, bones, and cartilage of the skull, cells of the enteric and peripheral nervous system. After the conversion, these cells migrate into various locations of the entire body according to the cell lineage. Abnormalities in neural crest (NC) formation and migration result in various malformations and tumors, known as neurocristopathy.

Material and Methods:

Herein, this case series describes a single-center experience in cephalic NC disorders over the past 3 years, including 17 cases of varying composition (i.e., vascular, dysgenetic, mixed, and neoplastic forms) involving the brain and occasionally skin, eyes, and face of the patients.

Results:

In our study of 17 patients with cephalic NC disease, 6 (35.3%) patients had vascular form, 5 (29.4%) had dysgenetic form, 4 (23.5%) had mixed form, and 2 (11.7%) had neoplastic form. Brain involvement in the form of vascular or parenchyma or both vascular and parenchymal was seen in all of our patients (100%), skin in 6 (35.3%) patients, eye in 2 (11.7%), and face in 1 (5.9%) patient. Treatment was planned according to the various manifestations of the disease.

Conclusion:

Neural crest diseases (NCDs) are a rare and under-recognized group of disorders in the literature and may have been under-reported due to a lack of awareness regarding the same. More such reporting may increase the repertoire of these rare disorders such that clinicians can have a high degree of suspicion leading to early detection and timely counseling and also improve preventive strategies and help in developing new drugs for these disorders or prevent them.
Time series forecasting cancers cases in Algeria using double exponential smoothing method
Authors: Melissa Talbi , Ahmed Adjebli , Karim Tighilet , Mustapha Louardiane , Abdelaziz Messis
Published: February 2024

Cancers are the second cause of death worldwide. Prevalence and incidence of cancers are getting increased by aging and population growth. This study aims to predict and model the evolution of breast, colorectal, lung, bladder and prostate cancers over the period of 2014-2019. In this study, data were analyzed using time series analysis with double exponential smoothing method to forecast the future pattern. To describe and fit the appropriate models, Minitab statistical software version 17 was used. Between 2014 and 2019, the overall trend in the raw number of new cancer cases registered has been increasing over time; the change in observations over time has been increasing. Our forecast model is validated since we have good prediction for the period 2020 and data are not available for 2021 and 2022. Time series analysis showed that the double exponential smoothing is an efficient tool to model the future data on the raw number of new cancer cases.
Comparative phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Hairy roots and wild roots from Aerva javanica (Burm.f) Juss. ex Schult against selected pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: Srinivasan Ramasamy , Kamalanathan Desingu , Boobalan Selvakumar , Karthikeyan Mani
Published: February 2024

Transformed root culture in Aerva javanica was investigated for amassing of alkaloids. Leaves of A. javanica were used as establishing material for induction of hairy roots via the Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 strain. Three hairy root lines from leaf explants upon growth kinetics were attained. Maceration method was used for preparation of different extracts viz. chloroform, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol. The extracts were examined against human bacterial pathogens by agar well diffusion method. According to our results, methanol extracts of hairy roots showed a significant antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens particularly Pseudomonas aerogenes (19.29 ± 0.23mm) followed by Bacillus subtilis (18.49 ± 0.43mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (18.49 ± 0.68mm) rather than wild root extract. Methanol extracts of hairy root sample inhibited pathogen development better than other extracts and also than wild root extracts. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, sugars and glycosides found only in methanol extract of A. javanica hairy roots. The results revealed that methanol extract of A. javanica hairy roots has potential activity than the other extracts as well as standard drugs (Spreptomycin). Further studies are needed related to pharmacological activities.