bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving English conversation skills through online conversation lessons and classroom interactions with native speakers
Authors:   Prince of Songkhla University, Thailand, Saniboo Hayas , Sinwongsuwat Kemtong ,   Prince of Songkhla University, Thailand
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to improve the oral English performance of Thai lower-secondary students. It attempts to address the following questions: a) Can the employment of online conversation lessons help to improve learners' conversation skills compared to face-to-face classroom interactions with English speakers; b) Are there any differences in the performance improvements contributed to by the two learning approaches?; c)Which learning approach better improves the learners’ conversation performance?; and d) What are the strengths and weaknesses of each learning approach in developing conversation skills? The participants in this study were 50 Grade 8 students from Rajaprachanukroh Songkhla Province School in academic year 2014. They were purposively sampled and divided into two groups: on learning through online conversation lessons and the other via classroom interaction with an English speaker. They were individually interviewed to assess their oral English performance before the treatments and after completing the lessons. Students’ interviews and conversations practices were video-recorded for close analysis following Conversation Analysis (CA) principles and rated in the following features: fluency, vocabulary, appropriacy, pronunciation, and grammar. The research instruments employed in this study were oral communication tasks for pre- and post-tests. The research findings based on statistical and CA analysis shows that the students’ oral English performance considerably improved through the use of online lessons and classroom interaction with an English speaker. The learners engaged in classroom interaction, however, became significantly more fluent and had a wider range of vocabulary than those learning through online conversations, even though their performance in pronunciation were similar. Thus, it was recommended that teachers utilize online lessons not as the sole language learning activity but as a supplement to classroom interaction to strengthen particular speech features.
Mudar Language and Himyarite Language. Is the Concept ‘Language’ as ‘لغة’ and ‘لسان’ and ‘Speech’ (‘كلام’) in Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah a Source for a Linguistic Variation in the Arabic Dialect Continuum in a North / South Scheme of Linguistic Distinction ?
Authors:   Rambin Germany, Haase Fee-Alexandra
Published: July 2023

This article focuses on the problem of the classification of language and its variations in natural languages. The common understanding about language is that language exists at a complex level as language called in the Saussurean terminology langue and in a communicative modus as parole. This dichotomy doesn’t seem to match the needs of the description of the Arabic language, which as a diglossia is spoken today on the Arabian Peninsula, Southern Central Asia, and Africa. The Arabic language employs two terms for the concept ‘language’, which is contrasted with the concept ‘speech’. The case of the usage of the term ‘Mudar language’ for a variety of the Arabic language spoken and written during the time of the Islamization opposed to the contemporary ‘Himyarite language’ shall introduce with the case study of Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah to the language typology of Arabic.
The protection of cultural heritage objects. Intangible aspects
Authors: Mikhailov Aleksei
Published: July 2023

The work continues the author's research on the intangible aspects of the subject of protection of cultural heritage objects and is the basis for proposals for amendments to legislation on the protection of cultural heritage objects. The results of the research is a long-term study of methods for determining the subject of protection of cultural heritage objects in terms of specifying intangible features. The author pays special attention to the analysis of historical events that occurred in the object or its surrounding historical environment, which influenced its perception by both contemporaries and their descendants. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the allocation of intangible aspects of the subject of protection as a separate parameter.  In most cases, studying the object of cultural heritage, its stages of formation, we do not pay special attention to the existence of the place. In the methods of objects of protection, attention is paid to the material component of the object of protection. However, it is by studying the intangible component of the history of the formation of the object, such as the memories of contemporaries, artistic depiction, historical use, and so on. The result of the study is a system of intangible attributes of objects of protection of cultural heritage objects, as a necessary measure to preserve the value characteristics of the object of cultural heritage. The author gives recommendations on amendments to legislative norms in the field of protection of cultural heritage objects.
La Comunità forale di Navarra regione plurale d’Europa
Authors: Arangio Alessandro
Published: July 2023

The Chartered Community of Navarre, European Plural Region. With a population of around 660.000 inhabitants, the Chartered Community of Navarre is one of the smallest autonomous communities in Spain. Since the since the 1960s, this border region with no sea outlets has begun to show considerable dynamism in various economic sectors. The resident foreign population has gradually grown, mainly Moroccan, Ecuadorean, Colombian, Romanian. Today it represents almost 11% of the total and is strongly transforming the identity of a proudly regionalist community, linked to its traditions and, in some areas, to the Basque language. Navarre is increasingly acquiring the physiognomy of a plural and multi-ethnic region. This paper intends to investigate this transition, in which immigrant communities are protagonists.
The Role of Geography and Territorial Planning in the Spreading of SARS-CoV-2. A Case Study on the Peculiarities of the Swedish Rurality
Authors: Giunchi Carlo
Published: July 2023

This article studies the spread of SARS-CoV-2 at a local level in Sweden and the role of geographic features that might have influenced the path of the virus. Then, the differences between rural and urban contexts have been analyzed. Results showed that the Swedish rurality seems to have been hit less by the pandemic than the ones of many other Western countries, possibly because of its more advanced stage of rurbanisation and a better institutional government and planning of its former rural areas. On the other hand, other Western countries have chosen models which appear closer to the American one, in which the social and economic structure of the urbanized areas, from the hamlet to the metropolis, is disappearing in favour of a sprawl model that could have boosted the infection.
Un salto nel mondo digitale. Un progetto condiviso e multimediale per l’apprendimento della lingua tedesca
Authors: Christiany Carla , Heumann Julia
Published: July 2023

A Leap into the Digital World: A Shared, Multimedia Project in German Language Acquisition. The German saying “jumping into cold water” means that you find yourself in a new situation with no forewarning. Being thrown into the digital universe by the pandemic was similar, but after taking the first few steps and looking for new ideas and useful tools, we discovered various interactive tools which made online lessons more creative. This article illustrates the design, planning and realization of a collective project in 2020 at the University of Bologna Language Centre, using the application Bookcreator. The proposed assignment is part of the traditional curriculum in A1 German courses: learning how to present oneself to others. Transferring the assignment from paper to an online context enriched the whole task and allowed the participants to use a combination of different media. This method stimulated digital storytelling, the narration by means of digital tools, and resulted in the creation of an e-book. This project shows that digital tools can be used not only to convey linguistic notions, but also to increase motivation, autonomy and creativity in experimenting with language.
Spatialisation of non-linear narratives through intertextual reading
Authors: Gunawan Ferry
Published: July 2023

This paper explores spatial strategies created through a non-linear continuity of narratives, instead of chronological ones. It employs the creation of multiple narrative possibilities by spatialisation mechanism as a new way of reading an intertextual narrative. This research explores different themes of spatial narratives based on the book Penguin Hate Stuff by Greg Stones. The study utilises the mechanism of spatial manipulation using horizontal and vertical axis towards the episodic events portrayed in the book, questioning the original intertextuality of the book's text, and opening up multiple re-interpretations. The explorations of non-linear narratives demonstrate strategies of spatialisation based on the stitched landscape, the opposition of roles, and collective multiverse possibilities. This study expands the current practice of narratives and architecture by re-reading narrative episodic events in a non-linear way, creating open-ended possibilities.
Genetic validation of PfFKBP35 as an antimalarial drug target
Authors: Thommen Basil T. , Dziekan Jerzy M. , Achcar Fiona , Tjia Seth , Passecker Armin , Buczak Katarzyna , Gumpp Christin , Schmidt Alexander , Rottmann Matthias , Grüring Christof , Marti Matthias , Bozdech Zbynek , Brancucci Nicolas M. B.
Published: July 2023

Plasmodium falciparum
accounts for the majority of over 600’000 malaria-associated deaths annually. Parasites resistant to nearly all antimalarials have emerged and the need for drugs with alternative modes of action is thus undoubted. The FK506-binding protein
Pf
FKBP35 has gained attention as a promising drug target due to its high affinity to the macrolide compound FK506 (tacrolimus). Whilst there is considerable interest in targeting
Pf
FKBP35 with small molecules, a genetic validation of this factor as a drug target is missing and its function in parasite biology remains elusive. Here, we show that limiting
Pf
FKBP35 levels are lethal to
P. falciparum
and result in a delayed death-like phenotype that is characterized by defective ribosome homeostasis and stalled protein synthesis. Our data furthermore suggest that FK506, unlike the action of this drug in model organisms, exerts its anti-proliferative activity in a
Pf
FKBP35-independent manner and, using cellular thermal shift assays, we identify putative FK506-targets beyond
Pf
FKBP35. In addition to revealing first insights into the function of
Pf
FKBP35, our results show that FKBP-binding drugs can adopt non-canonical modes of action – with major implications for the development of FK506-derived molecules active against
Plasmodium
parasites and other eukaryotic pathogens.
A Mechanistic Insight into Sources of Error of Visual Working Memory in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Motahharynia Ali , Pourmohammadi Ahmad , Adibi Armin , Shaygannejad Vahid , Ashtari Fereshteh , Adibi Iman , Sanayei Mehdi
Published: July 2023

Working memory (WM) is one of the most affected cognitive domains in multiple sclerosis (MS), which is mainly studied by the previously established binary model for information storage (slot model). Recent observations based on the continuous reproduction paradigms showed that assuming dynamic allocation of WM resources (resource model) instead of the binary hypothesis will give more accurate predictions in WM assessment. However, they have not been employed in the field of MS despite their influence in uncovering novel mechanistic insights into the WM organization. Here, by utilizing two continuous reproduction paradigms, we investigated WM dysfunction in MS. Also, by applying a computational model, the underlying structure of WM dysfunction was further explored.A total of 121 patients with MS (61 relapsing-remitting and 60 secondary progressive) and 73 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The precision of visual WM was measured using memory-guided localization (MGL) and n-back paradigms. The classifying performance of these paradigms in distinguishing different groups was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Moreover, the sources of error in information recall were evaluated by computational modeling on n-back results.Our findings determined an overall decrease in recall precision and increased recall variability in MS. While the classifying performance of MGL was better in distinguishing MS subtypes, n-back paradigms were more accurate in discriminating healthy control from relapsing-remitting MS. The applied model showed that decreased signal-to-noise ratio and misbinding error were responsible for WM deficits in these patients.In conclusion, our results determined the magnitude of WM deficit and demonstrated misbinding error as an important component of WM dysfunction in MS. The dissociable functions of these paradigms in classifying MS subtypes provided evidence about the underlying mechanisms of WM deficits in progressive states of the disease.
Subchronic alteration of vestibular hair cells in mice: implications for multisensory gaze stabilization
Authors: Schenberg Louise , Palou Aïda , Simon François , Bonnard Tess , Barton Charles-Elliot , Fricker Desdemona , Tagliabue Michele , Llorens Jordi , Beraneck Mathieu
Published: July 2023

The functional complementarity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic reflex (OKR) allows for optimal combined gaze stabilization responses (CGR) in light. While sensory substitution has been reported following complete vestibular loss, the capacity of the central vestibular system to compensate for partial peripheral vestibular loss remains to be determined. Here, we first demonstrate the efficacy of a 6-week subchronic ototoxic protocol in inducing transient and partial vestibular loss which equally affects the canal- and otolith-dependent VORs. Immunostaining of hair cells in the vestibular sensory epithelia revealed that organ-specific alteration of type I, but not type II, hair cells correlates with functional impairments. The decrease in VOR performance is paralleled with an increase in the gain of the OKR occurring in a specific range of frequencies where VOR normally dominates gaze stabilization, compatible with a sensory substitution process. Comparison of unimodal OKR or VOR versus bimodal CGR revealed that visuo-vestibular interactions remain reduced despite a significant recovery in the VOR. Modeling and sweep-based analysis revealed that the differential capacity to optimally combine OKR and VOR correlates with the reproducibility of the VOR responses. Overall, these results shed light on the multisensory reweighting occurring in pathologies with fluctuating peripheral vestibular malfunction.
A Literary and Ritual Analysis of Leviticus 16
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Yaw
Published: July 2023

Leviticus 16 is an important text in the book of Leviticus and the entire Pentateuch. The rituals in Leviticus 16 were central to the religious life of ancient Judah. It provided the means of atonement for the sins of the household of the high priest and the people annually. The text shows the seriousness of sin in the sight of YHWH. The various rituals in the text together reveal YHWH’s way of atoning for the sins of his people annually. The rituals of both the slayed and live goats meant the removal of categories of evil – impurities, sins and transgressions – from the community. Leviticus 16 shows that on the Day of Atonement, purification was meant not only for the people but also for cultic objects. Keywords: Literary, Ritual, Leviticus 16, Analysis, Atonement
Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Determinants of Cereal Production on Family Farms in the Dogon Plateau in Mali
Authors: Dolo Youssouf Ogodana , Ndiaye Cheikh Tidiane
Published: July 2023

The area of the Dogon plateau located in central-eastern Mali is an arid agricultural region with difficult morpho-pedological and climatic conditions where peasant populations derive their income and especially their food from agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine the level of technical efficiency of family farms in this area and subsequently to identify the factors explaining their inefficiency. Data were collected from a sample of 400 farms through a quantitative survey. The stochastic frontier production method was used to determine their efficiency scores. Truncated regression was used to identify farm inefficiencies.

The results of the study show that in the Dogon Plateau area family farms have an average efficiency score of 72.75%, which means an overall loss of 27.25% of production factors. The maximum efficiency score is 92.60% against a minimum of 0.21%. In addition, it appears that less than 20% of farms in the area have a below-average technical efficiency score.

The analysis of the determinants of the technical inefficiency of farms shows that the association of agriculture with livestock, the possession of agricultural land with a land title and the cultivation of onion/shallot positively and significantly influence the level of technical efficiency of family farms in the Dogon Plateau area. Contrary to our expectations, the decrease in cultivated areas due to the residual insecurity of our study area has no significant effect on the technical efficiency of the farms.
Profile Characteristics of Paddy Farmers in Telangana State, India
Authors: Rani Akula Latha , Naik V. Ravinder , Reddy M. Jagan Mohan , Sagar G. E. CH. Vidya , Srinivasachary D.
Published: July 2023

Agriculture caused significant harm to the environment for a long time. More acreage, fertiliser and pesticides were used to boost the output. Sustainable development is one that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. According to study, a number of factors can affect a farmer's decision to adopt sustainable practises. The research investigation employed Ex-post-facto-research design as the event has already happened. The present study aimed to assess the profile characteristics of farmers on Paddy farming sustainability and adoption of recommended sustainable farming practices comprising the data from three different zones of the Telangana state. Three districts namely Nizamabad, Khammam and Nalgonda from each zone of Telangana state were selected for the purpose respectively during the year 2021. As these three districts account for Paddy area compared to other districts. Purposive sampling technique was employed for data collection from 216 Paddy growing farmers by standardized and pre-tested interview schedule. Findings revealed that majority of the farmers were middle-aged (54.62 %), educated up to primary school (25.19 %), semi-medium in land holdings (25.32 %), followed by possessed medium level of income (55.56 %), mass media exposure (73.14 %), extension contact (56.10 %), extension participation (73.60 %), management orientation (71.75 %), scientific orientation (58.10 %), innovativeness (81.00 %), economic motivation (67.50 %), decision-making pattern (62.51 %), value orientation (52.79 %), level of aspiration (64.35 %) and risk orientation (53.20 %), whereas high level of farming experience (60.18 %), high farming commitment (54.62 %) and high achievement motivation (51.86 %). The policymakers should instruct researchers, extension specialists, NGO’s and field workers to serve as advisors, facilitators and collaborators for inspiring and empowering farmers to actively participate in solving issues related to sustainable farming cultivation practises. Hence, these variables have to be considered in promoting farmers among the farming community in the long run.
Physicochemical Properties of Soda and Kraft Lignin Extracted from Gmelina arborea Wood
Authors: Akpakpan Aniekan E. , Inam Edu J. , Ita Basil N. , Akpabio Ukana D.
Published: July 2023

Lignin, an amorphous biopolymer is one of the major components of wood. In this study,                         lignin was extracted from Gmelina arborea wood using Soda and Kraft pulping processes.                       The lignin was characterized using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR),                     UV/visible spectrometer, electrospray ionization mass spectrometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results revealed that G. arborea wood lignins contained several chemical functional groups. Kraft lignin (KL) contain carboxyl and thiol group in addition to other functional groups such as methoxyl, alcohols and phenolic. UV/ visible spectroscopy results revealed that Soda lignin (SL) absorbed at higher wavelength than Kraft lignin. The concentrations of both conjugated and non-conjugated phenolic group were higher in Kraft lignin than Soda lignin. ESI-MS spectra revealed that the composition of the monomers was higher in Kraft lignin while dimers composition was higher in Soda lignin. The surface morphology of both lignins were heterogeneous with uneven particle size. These physicochemical properties of lignin will enhance their  applications as adsorbents, corrosion inhibitors and in the production of some industrial chemical intermediates.
Mybl2 Gene as Prognostic Biomarker in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Razera Amanda , Santos Jean Rodrigo , Gonçalves Laura Correia , Marques Laura Rafaela , Chao Barbara Mendes Paz , Campos Daniele de , Carraro Emerson
Published: July 2023

Breast cancer is a relevant public health problem, either because of its high incidence or because of mortality rates. There are several forms of classification of the pathology, so that it is demonstrated, currently, the direct influence of genetic aspects on the clinic of affected patients. In this sense, new genetic biomarkers have been sought to directly impact the understanding of the disease, as well as having prognostic value, being the MYBL2 gene important in this context.

Aim: Thus, the present study aimed to identify and select evidence about the MYBL2 gene as a prognostic biomarker of the disease. Following PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed and Science Direct to identify studies evaluating MYBL2 as a prognostic genetic biomarker in breast cancer. A narrative synthesis was used to analyze and synthesize findings, according to established inclusion and exclusion.

Criteria: There were 122 related publications, 12 of which were selected to be evaluated for eligibility in full text, so that 5 articles were selected for the qualitative synthesis of this study The findings demonstrate the role of MYBL2 as a potential prognostic biomarker for breast cancer, and overexpression of this gene is an indicator of worse prognosis. However, more clinical studies are needed, mainly to evaluate the MYBL2 gene exclusively and not only together with other potential biomarker genes.
Bard's Syndrome: A Rare Case Presentation of Pulmonary Miliary Metastases of Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Arfaoui H. , Msika S. , Zadi M. , Jabri H. , Khattabi W. El , Afif H.
Published: July 2023

The Bard's syndrome is a rare desease related to miliary dissemination of gastric cancer to the lungs. The symptoms of primary neoplasm are subclinic despite the advanced proliferative process, and the metastatic lesions cause many respiratory symptoms suggesting primary pulmonary pathology, which explain the difficulties in diagnosis between numerous diseases. We report the case of a 39-year-old man presented for a chest pain, progressive worsening dyspnea appeared one month ago, dry cough, apyrexia, fatigue and weight loss. The chest CT scan showed a disseminated  micronodular lesions, a thickened interlobular septa and  mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Flexible bronchoscopy showed a diffuse inflammation on the entire bronchial tree. Staged bronchial biopsies revealed the presence of metastatic carcinoma, stomach in origin. The cytologic examination from bronchial aspirate reveal the presence of neoplasic cells. After re-interviewing the patient, he reported the history of intermittent epigastralgia, so we completed by an oesophageal-gastro-duodenal fibroscopy that confirmed the gastric adenocarcinoma and the diagnosis of bard’s syndrome was made with gastric adenocarcinoma with pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis.
Endobronchial Glandular Papilloma: A Case Report
Authors: Jabri H. , Bamha H. , Arfaoui H. , Bougteb N. , Khattabi W. El , Afif H.
Published: July 2023

Endobronchial glandular papilloma is a rare benign tumor without malignant transformation, often unrecognized, histology confirms the diagnosis and treatment differs depending on the clinical manifestations and the location of the tumor.

Our 52 years old patient complained from expiratory dyspnea , the flexible bronchoscopy has allowed to confirm the diagnosis , rigid bronchoscopy allowed a complete resection of the tumor.
Multiband Band and Dual Diversity Eight-Element MIMO Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Applications
Authors: Utahile Ater David , Michael Udofia Kufre , Bernard Obot Akaninyene
Published: July 2023

This paper presents the design and performance analysis of multiband dual diversity 8-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna at 2.45/3.5/5.2/6 GHz. The proposed antenna was designed on a Flame Resistant (FR-4) substrate having a dielectric constant of 4.4 , dimensions of . The antenna was simulated and analyzed using Computer Simulation Studio (CST Studio). Results obtained from simulation showed that the 8-element MIMO antenna achieved a combined bandwidth of 908.68 MHz representing 34.51% of the fractional bandwidth. Broadside radiation pattern was observed across the three frequency bands in both E- and H-plane with average main lobe magnitude of 7.8 dBi. Furthermore, proposed antenna achieved consistent Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and Diversity Gain (DG) values of 0.0008 and 9.999 as well as Port-to-port isolation of 27 dB across all frequencies considered. Also, an antenna gain of 8.58 dB was achieved at a frequency of 6 GHz. The gain, isolation, DG and ECC between adjacent ports as well as the loss in capacity were within the standard margins, making the antenna structure suitable for MIMO applications.
Endovascular aortic repair with Cardiatis® multilayer flow modulator in a patient undergone ascending aortic replacement for type I aortic dissection
Authors: Borulu Ferhat , Birdal Oguzhan , Calik Eyup Serhat , Usta Hakan , Erkut Bilgehan
Published: July 2023

Aortic dissection and aneurysms are one of the most important life-threatening diseases. After ascending aortic replacement, one of the life-saving urgent surgeries for Type I aortic dissection, aneurysmatic dilatation is usually observed in the remaining portions of the aorta over time. Open surgical repair for these patients still carries a 30% mortality rate despite improvements in open surgical methods, graft materials, and technological options. Endovascular repair provides promising results in high-risk patients. A 72-year-old female patient who underwent ascending aortic replacement for type 1 aortic dissection 9 years ago was admitted to our clinic with the diagnosis of symptomatic aneurysmal dilatation in the thoracic and abdominal aortic segments. We present this case in which we used the Cardiatis® Multilayer Flow Modulator stent to conduct endovascular repair.
Could direct-acting oral anticoagulant be a possible cause of delayed pseudoaneurysm? A case report
Authors: Katrancioglu Nurkay , Serhatlioglu Faruk
Published: July 2023

Delayed iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm (IPA) is very rare. We aimed to present a case of delayed femoral IPA using apixaban, which developed four months after coronary intervention (PCI). A 75-year-old female patient who had PCI four months ago presented with right femoral artery IPA that started one month ago, with no recent history of trauma, infection, or new procedures, except for diabetes and apixaban use. The occurrence of IPA at the insertion site four months after the initial procedure is an infrequent complication. Delayed IPA risk factors are trauma, infection, anticoagulant use, and inflammatory disease. Since no other risk factor was found in our case, the cause of IPA seems to be apixaban. Our case highlights the importance of considering delayed IPA as a potential complication, which may manifest up to four months after the initial procedure, especially in diabetic patients who are on anticoagulant therapy.
Postoperative objective and subjective voice analysis in patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy and carotid body tumor resection
Authors: Kahraman Umit , Balcioglu Ozlem , Ertugay Serkan , Oguz Emrah , Posacioglu Hakan
Published: July 2023

Aim: This study aimed to compare voice changes after Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and Glomus body tumor resection with objective instrumental and acoustic assessments. Material and Methods: A total of 14 patients underwent CEA or glomus carotid tumor resection at our institution between 2009 and 2013. Among the 14 patients, two patients were excluded due to vocal cord paralysis. This study was applied to 12 patients. Patients were called retrospectively, and objective and subjective voice parameters were measured and compared. Voice handicap index was used to measure subjective voice parameters. Objective voice analysis was performed for patients by using Multi-dimensional voice programming (MDVP), a computer-aided program. Results: A total of 12 patients were included in the study. Five patients underwent carotid endarterectomy. Glomus tumor resection was performed on seven patients. Of the patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy, four were male and one was female. Three of the patients who underwent glomus tumor resection were male and four were female. Voice handicap index (VHI) showed that two patients who underwent glomus tumor resection experienced moderate problems and the patients who underwent CEA had no obvious problems. Patients who underwent glomus carotid tumor resection obtained higher values in all MDVP parameters than those who underwent CEA. Conclusion: Despite the small number of patients, it can be said that glomus tumor resection in neck surgery, that is, tumor surgery, causes more voice changes than carotid endarterectomy operations. The elevated objective sound parameters found in this study necessitate that patients should be informed regarding the potential of developing postoperative dysphonia, especially those who rely on their voice as their profession (e.g. sound artists, teachers, politicians).
Backmatter (Author Guideline, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form)
Authors: Istadi Istadi
Published: July 2023

Backmatter (Author Guideline, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form)
Patient With Pulmonary Symptoms, Dysphagia, and Raynaud Disease
Authors: Ghias Aisha , Chawla Shalinee , Agarwala Priya
Published: July 2023

A nonsmoking patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease and Raynaud disease had 4 weeks of dysphagia and a 4.54-kg weight loss over 3 months, cough productive of yellow sputum, and dyspnea on exertion. White blood cell count and creatine kinase and aldolase levels were elevated; antinuclear antibody assay findings were positive; and chest CT showed bibasilar pulmonary consolidations and ground glass opacities. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
The Need to Reframe Nursing Homes as Community Hubs
Authors: Butler Stuart M.
Published: July 2023

This JAMA Forum discusses reforms to traditional nursing homes, including the Green House model, community-focused nursing homes, and integrating nursing home services and facilities into the community.
Vigorous Intermittent Lifestyle Physical Activity and Cancer Incidence Among Nonexercising Adults
Authors: Stamatakis Emmanuel , Ahmadi Matthew N. , Friedenreich Christine M. , Blodgett Joanna M. , Koster Annemarie , Holtermann Andreas , Atkin Andrew , Rangul Vegar , Sherar Lauren B. , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Ekelund Ulf , Lee I-Min , Hamer Mark
Published: July 2023

Importance

Vigorous physical activity (VPA) is a time-efficient way to achieve recommended physical activity (PA) for cancer prevention, although structured longer bouts of VPA (via traditional exercise) are unappealing or inaccessible to many individuals.

Objectives

To evaluate the dose-response association of device-measured daily vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) with incident cancer, and to estimate the minimal dose required for a risk reduction of 50% of the maximum reduction.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a prospective cohort analysis of 22 398 self-reported nonexercising adults from the UK Biobank accelerometry subsample. Participants were followed up through October 30, 2021 (mortality and hospitalizations), or June 30, 2021 (cancer registrations).

Exposures

Daily VILPA of up to 1 and up to 2 minutes, assessed by accelerometers worn on participants’ dominant wrist.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incidence of total cancer and PA-related cancer (a composite outcome of 13 cancer sites associated with low PA levels). Hazard ratios and 95% CIs were estimated using cubic splines adjusted for age, sex, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, fruit and vegetable consumption, parental cancer history, light- and moderate-intensity PA, and VPA from bouts of more than 1 or 2 minute(s), as appropriate.

Results

The study sample comprised 22 398 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.0 [7.6] years; 10 122 [45.2%] men and 12 276 [54.8%] women; 21 509 [96.0%] White individuals). During a mean (SD) follow-up of 6.7 (1.2) years (149 650 person-years), 2356 total incident cancer events occurred, 1084 owing to PA-related cancer. Almost all (92.3%) of VILPA was accrued in bouts of up to 1 minute. Daily VILPA duration was associated with outcomes in a near-linear manner, with steeper dose-response curves for PA-related cancer than total cancer incidence. Compared with no VILPA, the median daily VILPA duration of bouts up to 1 minute (4.5 minutes per day) was associated with an HR of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69-0.92) for total cancer and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.55-0.86) for PA-related cancer. The minimal dose was 3.4 minutes per day for total (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.93) and 3.7 minutes for PA-related (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.88) cancer incidence. Findings were similar for VILPA bout of up to 2 minutes.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this prospective cohort study indicate that small amounts of VILPA were associated with lower incident cancer risk. Daily VILPA may be a promising intervention for cancer prevention in populations not able or motivated to exercise in leisure time.
Mortality in the US Populations With Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Ji Mengmeng , Huber John H. , Schoen Martin W. , Sanfilippo Kristen M. , Colditz Graham A. , Wang Shi-Yi , Chang Su-Hsin
Published: July 2023

This cohort study analyzes a nationally representative sample with a screening test for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to evaluate overall survival of populations with MGUS compared with those without MGUS among the general population in the US.
Unilateral Exudative Retinal Lesion in a Previously Healthy Female Teenager
Authors: Zepeda-Palacio Claudia , Campbell J. Peter
Published: July 2023

A 15-year-old girl had a 2-month history of decreased vision and a dark spot in the central vision in her right eye. She had a papule on her cheek, intraretinal and subretinal fluid in the central macula, inner retinal thickening, and telangiectasis in the superior macula. What is your diagnosis?
Designing an adaptive robust observer for underactuation fault diagnosis of a remote sensing satellite
Authors: Zarourati Mohammad , Mirshams Mehran , Tayefi Morteza
Published: July 2023

This paper mainly aims at the underactuated case diagnosis due to an actuator failure for a remote sensing satellite. We consider healthy initial conditions for the actuators to investigate the underactuation fault in an attitude tracking control problem. Reaction wheels are the onboard actuators, and a new fault injection mechanism on the speed characteristic is introduced using the multi‐fault function. The fault detection and diagnosis strategy is based on the sliding mode and adaptive sliding mode observers in a finite‐time decision window. The robust observer and adaptive threshold are designed to detect the fault, and the adaptive robust observer estimates the fault model. The residual signal is evaluated by forming the window with fixed thresholds, and in the decision steps, priority is given to the underactuation fault diagnosis. System performance is presented for two actuator fault scenarios in a snapshot imaging mode to understand this case clearly. Numerical simulations close to in‐orbit conditions confirm the satisfactory performance of the proposed strategy that underactuated case is diagnosed by injecting stuck and idle faults around 2.19 and 3.52 s. The times obtained in this study are guaranteed with a 3‐sigma confidence level statistical characteristic. Furthermore, the results of the present work are validated using an air‐bearing experimental test bed to illustrate a more realistic behavior of an underactuated satellite.
Overcome the “Buckets Effect”: Integration of AIEgens into Proteins for Fluorescence‐Enhanced Two‐Photon Imaging
Authors: Fan Miaozhuang , Li Zhengzheng , Feng Gang , Zhang Yibin , Zhang Wenguang , Yang Chengbin , Shao Yonghong , Liao Changrui , Xu Gaixia , Xu Zhourui
Published: July 2023

Luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission characteristics (AIEgens) are considered good options for two‐photon (2P) probes, owing to their flexibility of design, heavy‐metal‐free composition, and resistance to photobleaching. However, the design principles for large 2P absorption cross‐section (δ) generally require high coplanarity, strong donor–acceptor (D‐A) interactions, and long conjugation, which can severely weaken the brightness of AIEgens at the aggregated state and undermine their potential in 2P fluorescence imaging (2PFI). Exploration of a feasible approach to overcome the “Buckets Effect” of AIEgen‐based 2P probes is thus a fascinating yet challenging task. Herein, an AIEgen, namely (Z)‐2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐3‐(5‐(4‐(bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)acrylonitrile (MTAA) is designed to have a big δ according to the calculation result and a low fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of 2.2% in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Impressively, upon integrating into bovine serum albumin (BSA), the protein‐sized MTAA@BSA dots exhibit a 25‐fold higher fluorescence QY compared to MTAA molecules, contributing to an imaging depth of 818 µm in the brain vasculature. The retention and clearance of MTAA@BSA dots in the liver and kidney are also studied using 2PFI. Overall, this work provides a facile approach to overcome the “Buckets Effect” of AIEgen to generate highly efficient, reliable, and biocompatible 2P probes.
Multifunctional Intelligent Wearable Devices Using Logical Circuits of Monolithic Gold Nanowires
Authors: Kim Tae Yeon , Hong Sang Hoon , Jeong Sang Hoon , Bae Hanseo , Cheong Sunah , Choi Hyunsik , Hahn Sei Kwang
Published: July 2023

Although multifunctional wearable devices have been widely investigated for healthcare systems, augmented/virtual realities, and telemedicines, there are few reports on multiple signal monitoring and logical signal processing by using one single nanomaterial without additional algorithms or rigid application‐specific integrated circuit chips. Here, multifunctional intelligent wearable devices are developed using monolithically patterned gold nanowires for both signal monitoring and processing. Gold bulk and hollow nanowires show distinctive electrical properties with high chemical stability and high stretchability. In accordance, the monolithically patterned gold nanowires can be used to fabricate the robust interfaces, programmable sensors, on‐demand heating systems, and strain‐gated logical circuits. The stretchable sensors show high sensitivity for strain and temperature changes on the skin. Furthermore, the micro‐wrinkle structures of gold nanowires exhibit the negative gauge factor, which can be used for strain‐gated logical circuits. Taken together, this multifunctional intelligent wearable device would be harnessed as a promising platform for futuristic electronic and biomedical applications.
Highly Stretchable, Conductive, and Transparent PDMS Island‐Continuous PEDOT:PSS Matrix Composite Electrodes
Authors: Kim Chan Young , Myung Jun Ho , Sun Jeong‐Yun , Yu Woong‐Ryeol
Published: July 2023

A polymer component in immiscible polymer blends results in phase separation, leading to polymer morphologies that vary from isolated spherical particles to a continuous matrix phase depending on the polymer weight ratio. This work demonstrates that a polymer component with a low weight fraction can form a continuous matrix phase, rather than isolated spherical particles, which is unprecedented. Bar‐coating a solution of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) blended with a high fraction of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a surfactant results in a continuous PEDOT:PSS matrix distributed with spherical PDMS islands. The PEDOT:PSS and PDMS in the coated layer phase separate, forming a bilayer structure owing to its different affinities to the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate. When cured at 100 °C, water and other volatiles in the PEDOT:PSS phase in the bottom layer evaporate, generating spaces that are subsequently filled with PDMS from the phase‐separated top layer. The continuous PEDOT:PSS matrix ensures excellent conductivity (66.17 Ω·sq−1), while the PDMS islands provide high stretchability. The electrical conductivity of the new electrodes varies negligibly when stretched at 50% strain and is even maintained up to 150% strain. The electrodes exhibit high transparency (≈90% at 550 nm) and electromechanical stability over 1000 cycles of 30% stretch/release tests.
Development of a High‐Performance, Anti‐Fouling Optical Diffuser Inspired by Morpho Butterfly's Nanostructure
Authors: Yamashita Kazuma , Taniguchi Kana , Hattori Takuma , Kuwahara Yuji , Saito Akira
Published: July 2023

The realization of high‐performance, anti‐fouling optical diffusers is crucial for various light applications. However, this remains a major challenge for conventional diffusers because of the optical inefficiency of multiple scattering and/or surface reliefs vulnerable to contamination. Inspired by the disordered nanostructure of Morpho butterflies that enables the simultaneous fulfillment of wide‐angle diffraction, low color dispersion, and superhydrophobic self‐cleaning ability due to the lotus effect, this study demonstrates a novel Morpho‐type diffuser with high optical performance and anti‐fouling properties. Surface nanopatterns of the diffuser are newly designed to realize homogeneous light diffusion, combined with the suitable material selection of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to induce the lotus effect. Consequently, the following properties are simultaneously achieved: i) high transmittance ≈90%; ii) wide‐angle diffusion (full width at half maximum ≈80°) with high spatial uniformity; iii) low dispersion; iv) high controllability of anisotropy; and v) anti‐fouling properties. Moreover, vi) the applicability of surface protection is demonstrated by exploiting the high flexibility/adhesivity of PDMS. These capabilities surpass other diffusers, and therefore the presented diffuser is promising for a wide range of applications such as lighting, displays, daylight harvesting, optoelectronics, and medicine.
Tunable Spinel Structure Phosphors: Dynamic Change in Near‐Infrared Windows and Their Applications
Authors: Huang Wen‐Tse , Chen Kuan‐Chun , Huang Ming‐Hsuan , Liu Ru‐Shi
Published: July 2023

Applications in near‐infrared (NIR) have been explored significantly in many fields, including bioimaging, night vision, plant growth, and chemical analysis. Different emission profiles are required within the same industry. Developing luminescent materials with different tuning methods is reliable for controlling the NIR regions (NIR‐I, 700–1000 nm; NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm). Spinel phosphors are promising candidates due to their ability to modulate the crystal field. Understanding the parameters that influence the degree of inversion in spinel compounds is crucial to harness the variability of the spinel structure. Cr3+ and Ni2+ are ideal activators for NIR‐I and NIR‐II emissions, respectively. However, there is a need for phosphors that emit in the NIR‐II region when excited by visible light. Although the energy transfer method combining two activators is considered, this review focuses on different types of spinel structures, discussing their types and common strategies to tune the host structure. The goal is to achieve desired shift and broadness of the entire NIR spectrum, highlighting the importance of spectrum tuning for practical applications.
Regiospecific Incorporation of Acetylene Linker in High‐Electron Mobility Dimerized Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells with High Efficiency (18.8%) and Long 1‐Sun Lifetime (> 5000 h)
Authors: Sun Cheng , Lee Jin‐Woo , Tan Zhengping , Phan Tan Ngoc‐Lan , Han Daehee , Lee Heung‐Goo , Lee Seungjin , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Kim Bumjoon J. , Kim Yun‐Hi
Published: July 2023

The commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) requires both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability. However, the lifetime of the OSCs containing small‐molecule acceptors (SMA) should be significantly enhanced. In this study, a series of planarity‐controlled is developed, high electron mobility dimerized SMAs (DSMAs) and realize OSCs with high‐performance (PCE = 18.8%) and high‐stability (t80% lifetime = 5380 h under 1‐Sun illumination). An acetylene linker with a planar triple bond is designed for dimerization of SMA units to afford the high backbone planarity necessary to achieve high crystallinity and electron mobility. To further engineer the molecular conformation and electron mobility of the DSMAs, different regioisomers of a Y‐based SMA are dimerized to yield three regioisomerically distinct DSMAs, denoted as DYA‐I, DYA‐IO, and DYA‐O, respectively. It is found that the crystallinity, electron mobility, and glass transition temperature of the DSMAs gradually increase in the order of DYA‐O, DYA‐IO, and DYA‐I, which, in turn, enhance the PCE and device stability of the resulting OSCs; DYA‐O (PCE = 16.45% and t80% lifetime = 3337 h) < DYA‐IO (PCE = 17.54% and t80% lifetime = 4255 h) < DYA‐I (PCE = 18.83% and t80% lifetime = 5380 h).
Machine Learning Across Metal and Carbon Support for the Screening of Efficient Atomic Catalysts Toward CO2 Reduction
Authors: Sun Mingzi , Huang Bolong
Published: July 2023

Developing efficient atomic catalysts (ACs) for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) still requires ultrahigh experimental resources and a long research period due to the complicated reaction mechanisms and abundant active sites. Herein, this work presents the energy‐based first principles machine learning (FPML) method for the first time based on over 15 000 datasets to directly predict the reaction trends of the CO2RR. The unique scaling relationship of the hydrogenation steps is revealed in ACs for the CO2RR, which is correlated with the active sites instead ofelectron transfer numbers. Based on machine learning (ML) predictions, this work reports that the standard electrode potential is affected by the pH values, and proposes a zero‐point calibration strategy to realize more accurate predictions of electrocatalysis reactions to supply meaningful references to experiments. The formation of electroactive regions constructed by mixing active sites is revealed, which confirms the neighboring effects for the activation of active sites. In addition, the prediction of C3 intermediates indicates the potential of multicarbon coupling processes on the carbon active sites of graphdiyne. This work supplies an effective method to predict chemical reaction trends of different ACs in the CO2RR by ML, which is expected to accelerate the rational design of novel ACs for broad electrocatalysis.