bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confrontar la representación. De la teoría del ensayo al análisis fílmico
Authors: Caravaca Mompeán Juan
Published: March 2021

La teoría del ensayo ha intentado sistematizar una experiencia, una práctica fílmica. En su camino ha dado forma a un ideal, a un objeto de estudio que choca con la singularidad que su propia definición le exige. Esta paradoja, que aflora de la lectura de sus análisis fílmicos, impone la necesidad de preguntarnos por la formación de nuestra disciplina como ciencia, por la posibilidad de volver a pensar las categorías que usamos al investigar la representación. La respuesta a estos interrogantes parte del concepto de comunidad. Una noción que esconde un principio antropológico, un fundamento que surge de la relación entre sentido y coherencia, que une al hombre y a la imagen. Que plantea otras posibilidades para el análisis.

Essay theory has systematized a particular experience, a particular film practice. This theory has formed an ideal, a study object that clash with the uniqueness that is required to that object. This paradox emerges from the reading of its film analysis. This situation impose a necessity, we must asked us about the creation of our discipline as a science and we must think about the concepts that we use when we facing representation. The answer to all this questions emerges from the concept of community. This notion hides an anthropological principle. A base that born from the relation between sense and coherence. This fundament connects man and image, and open new ways for the analysis.
Claves en la escritura de Lara Moreno: "Por si se va la luz" en el marco de la nueva narrativa rural
Authors: López-López Carmen María
Published: March 2021

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la escritura de Lara Moreno en el marco de la narrativa neorrural. Nuevas tendencias literarias como el ruralismo o el giro hacia el campo suponen una reacción contra el poder hegemónico de las ciudades que emergió en el siglo XX. La ficción española ofrece en muchos casos un camino narrativo para explorar las representaciones literarias del ruralismo en el siglo XXI. Desde esta perspectiva, se propone profundizar en Por si se va la luz, una novela escrita por Lara Moreno en la que Nadia y Martín abandonan la ciudad para ir a vivir al campo ante el ascenso de la crisis económica. Este acontecimiento supone una grieta o un corte desde una perspectiva simbólica, de acuerdo con los diferentes ejes en que la novela se estructura: la tensión entre los espacios rural y urbano, los cruces entre los instintos animales, la sexualidad y la racionalidad, así como la relación que los personajes establecen con el lenguaje y el silencio para verbalizar la distopía desde un escenario rural.

The aim of this article is to analyze the writing of Lara Moreno in the frame of neorrural narrative. New literary tendencies such as ruralism or the turn to the countryside suposes a reaction against the hegemonic power of cities which rise on twenty centuries. Spanish fiction offers in many ways a narrative camine to explore literary representations of ruralism in XXI century. From this perspective, it is proposed to delve into Por si se va la luz (2013) a novel written by Lara Moreno, in which Nadia and Martín leave the city to go to live to the countryside considering the rise of economic crisis. This event suposes a crack or cut on a simbolic way, according to the different axis in which the novel is structured: the tension between rural and urban spaces, the between animal instints, sexuality and rationality, so as to the relationship which character stablish with language and silence in order to verbalize the dystopia from the rural scenery.
Dialéctica del spleen en Charles Baudelaire
Authors: León Irene
Published: March 2021

A partir del texto Sobre algunos motivos en Baudelaire de Walter Benjamin y la propia obra del poeta Charles Baudelaire, pretendemos mostrar dos lecturas de sus escritos para exponer tanto el encuentro entre ambas interpretaciones, que tiene lugar en su obra mediante el spleen, como la Vieldeutigkeit de Theodor W. Adorno de estos mismos. Este término, que se ha traducido por “multivocidad”, aparece en la obra Prismas (Adorno, 1962) expresando la posibilidad de múltiples interpretaciones de una realidad.

De esta forma, estudiaremos el dinamismo entre lo que hemos llamado “la hendidura del spleen” y “la huida del spleen”, dos momentos de la obra baudelairiana que consiguen objetivar en sus poemas la realidad histórica que vivió este autor.

Trataremos de descifrar, asimismo, si el spleen que tanto pesó al poeta queda, o puede quedar redimido, mediante su literatura.

From the text On some motifs in Baudelaire by Walter Benjamin and the work of the poet Charles Baudelaire, we intend to show two readings of his writings in order to expose the encounter between both interpretations, which takes place in his work throuth the spleen, and the Vieldeutigkeit of Theodor W. Adorno of these. This term, which has been translated by “multivocity”, appears in the work Prismas (Adorno, 1962) expressing the possibility of multiple interpretations of a reality.

          In this way, we will study the dynamism between what we have called “the cleft of the spleen” and “the escape of the spleen”, two moments of Baudelaire’s work that manage to objectify in his poems the historical reality that this autor lived.

          We will also try to decipher if the spleen that weighed the poet so much is redeemed, or can be redeemed, through his literature.
Miguel y Ramón, dos pájaros solitarios
Authors: Delgado Santiago
Published: March 2021

Sobre Miguel Espinosa y Ramón Gaya.
Referencia b sica de las capacidades de ciberseguridad de los dispositivos de IoT
Authors: Fagan Michael , Megas Katerina N , Scarfone Karen , Smith Matthew
Published: March 2021

Device cybersecurity capabilities are cybersecurity features or functions that computing devices provide through their own technical means (i.e., device hardware and software). This publication defines an Internet of Things (IoT) device cybersecurity capability core baseline, which is a set of device capabilities generally needed to support common cybersecurity controls that protect an organization s devices as well as device data, systems, and ecosystems. The purpose of this publication is to provide organizations a starting point to use in identifying the device cybersecurity capabilities for new IoT devices they will manufacture, integrate, or acquire. This publication can be used in conjunction with NISTIR 8259, Foundational Cybersecurity Activities for IoT Device Manufacturers.
Familial Gullo’s Syndrome: a clinical case report
Authors: Turrin Mauro , Fornasiero Lucia
Published: March 2021

This case report describes a male patient born in 1953 presenting an occasional increase in serum amylase and lipase forty years ago. The monitoring of enzymes was accompanied by radiological investigations, which did not reveal pancreatic pathology. In his family, including 10 siblings, half were carriers of this isolated anomaly; multiple cysts in pancreas, kidneys, and liver were present in some family members, in addition to a pancreatic neoplasia in a sister who did not carry the enzymatic abnormality. Our patient developed colon adenocarcinoma at the age of 67.Here we examine the characteristics of non-pathological chronic pancreatic hyperenzymemia defined as such by the main Italian pioneer Professor Gullo.
La predicción del fracaso empresarial de las cooperativas españolas. Aplicación del Algoritmo Extreme Gradient Boosting
Authors: Romero Martínez Mariano , Carmona Ibáñez Pedro , Pozuelo Campillo Jose
Published: March 2021

El objetivo del estudio realizado es mostrar la utilidad de la metodología Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), basada en el aprendizaje automático, en la predicción del fracaso empresarial, particularmente en el ámbito de las empresas cooperativas. Para ello, se ha estimado un modelo a partir de una muestra de cooperativas pertenecientes a diversos sectores, que ha permitido identificar que estas empresas presentan una menor propensión al fracaso cuando alcanzan mayores índices de solvencia y rentabilidad y menor endeudamiento. De acuerdo con los resultados, el modelo estimado XGBoost obtiene una capacidad predictiva del 100% en la muestra de entrenamiento y de un 86% en una muestra de comprobación independiente. Asimismo, se destaca la facilidad de la interpretación de los resultados alcanzados, siendo posible determinar el signo y el efecto de cada variable sobre la predicción final de todas y cada una de las observaciones. Este trabajo aporta a la literatura del fracaso empresarial del sector cooperativo la constatación de la utilidad de una nueva metodología (XGBoost), que proporciona un elevado nivel de aciertos y una sencilla interpretabilidad de los resultados.
El modelo organizativo de la Economía del Bien Común y su comparación con otros enfoques de la sostenibilidad
Authors: Sanchis Palacio Joan Ramon , Campos Climent Vanessa , Ejarque Catalá Ana
Published: March 2021

Son cada vez más las empresas que están adoptando la sostenibilidad como un enfoque estratégico que garantiza la supervivencia a largo plazo. Más allá de la Responsabilidad Social (RS), se impone un modelo empresarial basado en la triple dimensión económica, social y ambiental, que de acuerdo con el enfoque de la creación de valor compartido de Porter y Kramer, incluya la RS dentro del corazón de la estrategia de la empresa. El modelo de la Economía del Bien Común (EBC), que nace en el centro de Europa en el año 2010 de la mano del profesor de la Universidad de Viena Christian Felber, propone una herramienta, el Balance del Bien Común (BBC), que puede facilitar la implantación de la Sostenibilidad Corporativa en cualquier tipo de organización (pública o privada). El BBC permite medir el impacto social y ambiental de las empresas a través de una serie de variables e indicadores, relacionando cinco valores clave (dignidad humana, solidaridad y justicia social, sostenibilidad ecológica y transparencia y co-participación) con los diferentes stakeholders o grupos de interés. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en comparar el modelo de la EBC con el enfoque de la Creación de Valor Compartido (CVC) de Porter y Kramer y con la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, con el objeto de destacar sus principales aportaciones y particularidades.
El valor social generado por los programas de inclusión. El caso del Programa ROMI de la Fundación Secretariado Gitano
Authors: Ruiz-Lozano Mercedes , Ariza-Montes Antonio , Sianes Antonio , Tirado-Valencia Pilar , Fernández-Rodríguez Vicente , López-Martín María del Carmen
Published: March 2021

La demanda creciente de la sociedad por actuar para conseguir la reducción de las desigualdades ha dado lugar a una diversificación en los modos de ejecución de las políticas sociales, dado el interés de las entidades privadas por contribuir a su consecución. Para avanzar en ello es clave el papel de las entidades no lucrativas, haciéndose patente la necesidad de analizar y comunicar el proceso de creación de valor para legitimar su actuación.Esta investigación presenta la aplicación del SROI, metodología de análisis del impacto social, para analizar, cuantificar y monetizar los cambios generados por la Fundación Secretariado Gitano a través de su programa ROMI, en un sector de la población que se encuentra discriminado en formación y con dificultades de acceso a la empleabilidad: el colectivo gitano de la ciudad de Córdoba.Los resultados del estudio de caso permiten visualizar y cuantificar los impactos que se generan en procesos de creación de valor de este tipo, proporcionando una información que facilita supervisar la implementación de la estrategia de la organización, así como conocer si se está respondiendo a las necesidades de los stakeholders. De igual modo, la metodología puede servir de referente para otras organizaciones que promuevan actividades similares.
Prishvin and Kalinin: the image of the “All-Union Headman” in the writer's diary
Authors: Podoksenov Aleksandr Modestovich , Telkova Valentina Alekseevna
Published: March 2021

The subject of this research is the history of relations between Prishvin and Kalinin – a prominent revolutionary and party leader of the Soviet era, who was the head of the state for many years after the October Revolution. The author observes that the biographical material about communication of Prishvin and Kalinin contained in the works of the writer and the memoirs of their contemporaries is sufficiently studied, while his diary notes that significantly change the representations on the true nature of their relationship are yet to be researched. The article employs the method of historical reconstruction of the ideological-political context of the Soviet society, which gives a better outlook on the peculiarities of the writer’s attitude towards the political activity of Kalinin. The novelty of this research consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of the new facts from the 18-volume Prishvin’s Diary (1991-2017), which was published only in the post-Soviet period. This revealed new facts and aspects of his relations with the state leaders during the Communist Era. Using the specific examples of communication of Prishvin and Kalinin, the author demonstrates that the role of the latter in addressing the important state problems was quite limited, which was predetermined by the country’s governing principles , i.e. the decision-making monopoly belonged to the highest political leadership of the ruling party represented by Stalin.
Post-emergence seedling damage due to vertebrate pests and its impact on soybean establishment
Authors: Lamichhane Jay Ram
Published: March 2021

The quality of field crop establishment is an indicator of the productivity and yield quality of a given crop. Several biotic and abiotic factors, as well as cropping practices, affect the quality of field crop establishment. More specifically to soybean, recent studies quantified pre-emergence seedling losses and identified the associated causes of non-emergence. However, little is known about post-emergence seedling damage, mainly due to vertebrate pests, which represent an important problem for growers. A 2-year field observation was conducted to quantify near- and post-emergence seedling damage due to vertebrate pests. The common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) and the European hare (Lepus europaeus) were associated with this kind of damage. The characteristic damage due to the common wood pigeon consisted of either partially-damaged cotyledons during emergence or completely uprooted seedlings at emergence. In contrast, damage due to the European hare consisted of chewed seedling or seedling parts. There was significant effect of year (p < 0.001) on the final rates of post-emergence seedling damage due to the wood pigeon but not on those due to the European hare. The final rates of post-emergence damage due to the wood pigeon were higher (32% for 2018 and 22% for 2020) compared with those owing to the European hare (18% for 2018 and 17% for 2020). The severity of damage due to vertebrate pests was related to the type of seedling damage that, in turn, affected the capacity of soybean to compensate for post-emergence seedling damage.
Predictive Value of Serum Vitamin D3 Level for Forearm Fractures among Children in a Tropical Country: A Case Control Study
Authors: Oladosu Musiliu A , Esan Oluwadare , Oginni Lawrence M , Adegbehingbe Olayinka O , Adedeji Tewogbade Adeoye
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Orthopaedic emergency department commonly receives paediatric fractures, of which forearm fractures constitute a larger proportion with the burden greatest in low-middle income countries. Studies done in the temperate region found an association between forearm fractures in children and low serum vitamin D3. Some studies in our environment have shown low levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 {25(OH)D} in normal Nigerian children, but the association with forearm fractures has not been studied. Aim: To determine if serum vitamin D3 level can predict the occurrence of forearm fractures in children. Materials and Methods: This was a case control study conducted over a year from January 2018 to December 2018 at a tertiary health facility in South-West Nigeria among paediatric patients. Thirty children with forearm fractures and thirty children with no forearm fractures were recruited for the study. Socio-demographic data, mechanisms of fracture, anthropometric measurements and serum 25(OH)D levels were determined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done for the variables concerning the presence or absence of forearm fractures (dependent variable is the presence or absence of forearm fractures; independent variables include the age, sex, mechanism of injury, outdoor playing time, serum vitamin D3 level). Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D levels in the study group were significantly lower than the controls; (60.751±15.041 ng/mL and 95.506±19.489 ng/mL, respectively). There was a statistically significant relationship between the serum level of 25(OH)D and the presence of forearm fracture in children (p=0.002 and OR of 0.838). Conclusion: Children with forearm fracture have relatively lower serum vitamin D3 compared with age matched ones without fracture and they have correspondingly increased odd risks of sustaining forearm fracture.
Effect of 6-12 Weeks of Systemic Glucocorticoids on Bone Mineral Density in Children
Authors: Panda Kalpana , Dey Soumya , Sachdev Namrita , Yadav Tribhuvan Pal
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Prolonged use of systemic steroids in children is associated with many side-effects including effect on Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Effect of more than three months of systemic steroids on BMD has been studied in children but not the effect of 6-12 weeks duration of steroid. Aim: To evaluate the effect of 6-12 weeks of systemic glucocorticoids on BMD in children. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) of Whole Body (WB), Lumbar Spine (LS) and Distal Radius (DR) were done at baseline, end of steroid therapy or third month whichever was earlier and end of six months, on 30 patients receiving systemic steroid (Nephrotic Syndrome (NS)-7, Systemic Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SOJIA)-12, Tubercular Meningitis-11). Age and sex adjusted values of Bone Mineral Content (BMC), BMD and Z scores were analysed. Bone densitometric parameters of Total Body Less the Head (TBLH) were derived from WB values. X-rays of whole spine (antero-posterior and lateral view) were done at baseline and follow-up. Equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls were subjected to biochemical and DEXA scans at baseline. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using Student’s t-test and Fisher-exact test, respectively. Pairwise comparison over period of time was done using Bonferroni correction. Results: Bone densitometric parameters of cases and controls were comparable at baseline. At follow-up statistically significant decrease in BMD was found at all three sites. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between cumulative dose of steroid and duration of steroid treatment with Z score of TBLH. No vertebral fractures were detected at baseline or follow-up. Conclusion: Use of systemic glucocorticoids for 6-12 weeks negatively affects bone mineralisation, not only during therapy but even three months after stopping it.
C-MAC D-Blade vs Airtraq for Intubation with Manual Inline Axial Stabilisation- A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Mani Nikitha , Palanisamy Nagalakshmi , Zachariah Mamie , George Sagiev Koshy , Dsilva Allen Aloysius , Johns Jemmie Rachel
Published: March 2021

Introduction: One of the most important skills in anaesthesia is securing the airway with an endotracheal tube. Difficult tracheal intubation however is considered one of the major contributors of anaesthesia related morbidity and mortality. Video laryngoscopy offers several advantages during endotracheal intubation. The view of the glottis provided by Videolaryngoscopes is better compared to the Macintosh laryngoscope in difficult airways which makes it more attractive for routine difficult airway intubations. Aim: To compare the time taken for intubation between two Videolaryngoscopes, namely C-MAC D-blade and Airtraq and to assess the quality of laryngoscopy view between the two groups. Materials and Methods: This was a randomised clinical trial conducted in 116 American Society of Anesthesiologists 1 (ASA1) and ASA2 patients undergoing elective surgeries in Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences. Patients are randomised into two groups, Group C-MAC D-blade and Group Airtraq by computer randomisation. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, Repeated measures of ANOVA was used to find the significance from preinduction to 10 mins period for each group and Bonferoni’s correction for intergroup comparison. Results: The time taken for intubation was comparable in two study groups (Group C-MAC D-blade 41.88 secs) and (Group Airtraq -40.78 sec) with p-value of 0.734. Laryngoscopic view was not statistically significant with p-value of 0.083. Optimisation maneuvers were required in 63.8% in Group Airtraq on comparison with 44.8% in Group C-MAC D-blade. In both Group C-MAC D-blade and Group Airtraq, there was a significant rise in the heart rate and BP at 0 minute compared to preinduction. But after 5 minutes, the heart rate and BP were back to preinduction values. Conclusion: Both the Videolaryngoscopes, C-MAC D-blade and Airtraq performed equally, with respect to time taken for intubation and laryngoscopic view. However, External Laryngeal Manipulation (ELM) was required more in Group Airtraq and was statistically significant.
Molecular Surveillance and Burden of Plasmodium falciparum Isolate to the Resistance of Artemisinin and Mefloquine-based Therapy among Febrile Subjects in Ilorin Metropolis, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Nassar Adebayo Sulaiman , Bakarey Adeleye Solomon , Abubakar Abdulazeez Aderemi , Oluwagbemiga Michael Adeleke , Alabi Shukurat Yetunde , Hamzat Monsurat Bidemi , Olawuyi Clement Oladayo
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs) such as Artemisinin and mefloquine are generally accepted as the best forms of therapy for uncomplicated falciparum malaria and usually exceed more than 90% effectiveness. However, the problem of resistance to the target parasites remains a great challenge especially within the northcentral Nigeria. Therefore this study aimed to assess the burden of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin and Mefloquine from the blood smear febrile patients attending tertiary health facility in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Methodology: The study was carried among two hundred and one (201) consented febrile individuals age ranged 1-46 years (Mean=22.7 years; M=39; F=61) between May and August 2019. Blood samples collected were subjected to Microscopy using Giemsa staining technique and Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) using (SD BIOLINE Malaria Ag P.f/Pv, South Korea) kit  to detect the presence of P. falciparum A semi-structured questionnaire was used to capture demographic and other relevant information while data was analysed with SPSS version 21.

Results: Of the 201 samples tested, 113 (56.5%) were positive for Microscopy and RDT. Fifty of the positive samples for Microscopy and RDT were further subjected to PCR technique for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum and amplification of Kelch13 and FR1gene mutation of which one (2.0%) showed amplification for the PfKelch13 gene mutation for artemisinin while none was recorded for FR1 gene mutation in case of Mefloquine.

Conclusion: This study reported a high rate of detection for Plasmodium falciparum using microscopy and RDT but moderately low rate of resistance to amplification for the PfKelch13 gene mutation for artemisinin but none for FR1 gene mutation for mefloquine by PCR. This suggests a clue for further monitoring of the artemisinin and Mefloquine resistance by detection of some molecular markers in k13 and FRI genes of Plasmodium in our communities in Nigeria.
Relationship of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Serum Level of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in Normal Reference Range
Authors: Khalil Doaa Ameen , Raouf Yasser Mohammed Abdul , Al-Bendary Amal Said , Okasha Kamal Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thyroid hormones also play important roles in hepatic lipid metabolism and hepatic insulin resistance. Hypothyroidism is associated with reduced lipolysis and decreased liver uptake of free fatty acids derived from triglycerides. In recent years, the correlation between overt or subclinical hypothyroidism and NAFLD has been discussed. The relationship between NAFLD and thyroid function parameters remains unclear.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum level of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) within normal reference range and Non Alcoholic fatty liver Disease (NAFLD).

Subjects and Methods: This is a cross sectional case control study on 40 patients with NAFLD and a control group of 20 healthy individuals, who were attendants of Outpatient Clinic of Internal Medicine Department of Tanta University Hospitals and EL-Menshawy General Hospital from February 2018 to the end of January 2019.

Results: In the present study, univariate regression analysis showed that serum levels of AST, FT3, FT4 and Anti-TPO were independent risk factors of NAFLD, while in multivariate analysis the only independent risk factor of NAFLD was Anti-TPO serum level.

Conclusion: Serum levels of AST, FT3, FT4 and Anti-TPO were independent risk factors of NAFLD in univariate regression analysis, while in multivariate analysis the only independent risk factor of NAFLD was Anti-TPO serum level. Despite the positive correlation between serum TSH level and grade of NAFLD, the study didn’t show serum TSH level as independent risk factor of NAFLD.
Concept Design of a Portable Carrot Seeder
Authors: Valentin Marvin T. , Smeets Alex , Ciolkosz Daniel E. , Jasinskas Algirdas , Onalan Milagros B. , Dulay Alvin C. , Dumalhin Leonardo D. , Sudaypan Sr. Constantino T. , Anongos Jr. Stanley F. , Launio Cheryll C. , Galad Marlon N. , Suclad Roger Lee M. , Pagnas Keithler M.
Published: March 2021

A concept design of a carrot seeder, filed for patent application, was successfully developed in this study. Farmers were visited and interviewed and the data regarding their existing practices in planting carrots, corresponding tools and equipment and planting requirements such as hill spacing, row spacing and plant bed size were gathered. These data were used as input in the preparation and simulation of the seeder design with the aid of Solidworks software.

The seeder consisted of seed metering assembly, frame, ground wheels, skid, handle, power transmission, furrow opener and seed covering mechanism. It has 5 metering discs and the spacing between rows is adjustable. The metering disc is provided with grooves on its periphery of size that can accommodate 2 to 5 carrot seeds. Draft force to push the device in usage is 10 kg-force. The designed overall weight is 12 kg.
Strain-level Identification of Beneficial Lactobacilli of Dairy Origin using 16S rRNA Sequencing: A Biotechnology Approach
Authors: Aforijiku S. , Fakorede C. O. , Adediran A. B.
Published: March 2021

Aim: This study investigated the cultural method and 16S rRNA gene analysis to reveal the composition and diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from dairy origin (spontaneous fermented cow milk) in Nigeria.

Methods: Six dairy samples which includes two raw cow milk, two raw goat milk and two fermented cow milk (nono) were collected and subjected to standard microbiological investigation using both cultural and molecular methods. The dairy samples were cultured on MRS media, and the isolates were identified using physiological and biochemical parameters. DNA of four selected probiotic LAB isolates from nono were amplified using PCR while the amplicons were electrophoresed in agarose gel, pre-stained with ethidium bromide and characterized by 16S rRNA gene analysis. The result of the DNA sequencing were analyzed using NCBI BLAST. 

Results: A total of 55 presumptive LAB were isolated. Twenty nine (29) Lactobacillus plantarum representing 52.7%, Pediococcus acidilactici 15(27.2%), Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus brevis 4(7.3%) while Lactobacillus fermentum 3(5.5%) were recorded respectively. Result of the gel electrophoresis revealed DNA size of approximately 1500bp. The selected probiotic LAB from nono used in this study were confirmed as Lactobacillus plantarum N17, Lactobacillus plantarum N24, Lactobacillus brevis N10 and Lactobacillus casei N1 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis while the phylogenetic analysis revealed a 98-100% similarity with a high homology level which affirms the strain of the organism.

Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the diversity of LAB existing in dairy samples known as fermented cow milk (nono) which could be harnessed as valuable sources for LAB isolation and potential probiotic organisms.
The transmembrane protein LRIG1 triggers melanocytic tumor development following chemically induced skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Hoesl Christine , Fröhlich Thomas , Posch Christian , Kneitz Hermann , Goebeler Matthias , Schneider Marlon R. , Dahlhoff Maik
Published: March 2021

The incidence of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer has increased tremendously in recent years. Although novel treatment options have significantly improved patient outcomes, the prognosis for most patients with an advanced disease remains dismal. It is, thus, imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in skin carcinogenesis in order to develop new targeted treatment strategies. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) like the ERBB receptor family, including EGFR/ERBB1, ERBB2/NEU, ERBB3, and ERBB4, are important regulators of skin homeostasis and their dysregulation often results in cancer, which makes them attractive therapeutic targets. Members of the leucine‐rich repeats and immunoglobulin‐like domains protein family (LRIG1‐3) are ERBB regulators and thus potential therapeutic targets to manipulate ERBB receptors. Here, we analyzed the function of LRIG1 during chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in transgenic mice expressing LRIG1 in the skin under the control of the keratin 5 promoter (LRIG1‐TG mice). We observed a significant induction of melanocytic tumor formation in LRIG1‐TG mice and no difference in papilloma incidence between LRIG1‐TG and control mice. Our findings also revealed that LRIG1 affects ERBB signaling via decreased phosphorylation of EGFR and increased activation of the oncoprotein ERBB2 during skin carcinogenesis. The epidermal proliferation rate was significantly decreased during epidermal tumorigenesis under LRIG1 overexpression, and the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase 3 was significantly activated in the epidermis of transgenic LRIG1 mice. Additionally, we detected LRIG1 expression in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma samples. Therefore, we depleted LRIG1 in human melanoma cells (A375) by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and found that this caused EGFR and ERBB3 downregulation in A375 LRIG1 knockout cells 6 h following stimulation with EGF. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that LRIG1‐TG mice develop melanocytic skin tumors during chemical skin carcinogenesis and a deletion of LRIG1 in human melanoma cells reduces EGFR and ERBB3 expression after EGF stimulation.
Porous Strontium Chloride Scaffolded by Graphene Networks as Ammonia Carriers
Authors: Cao Zhejian , Akhtar Farid
Published: March 2021

Strontium chloride (SrCl2) as ammonia (NH3) carriers has been widely exploited due to its high ammonia uptake capacity and low energy penalty for ammonia release. However, the dramatic volume swing during absorption–desorption cycles, from SrCl2 to Sr(NH3)8Cl2 to SrCl2, imposes a challenge to structure SrCl2 for ammonia storage applications. Herein, a novel porous SrCl2 structure with SrCl2 loading up to 96 wt%, scaffolded by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) networks is reported. The optimized porous SrCl2‐rGO composite with 80 wt% SrCl2 loading maintains the macro‐ and micro‐structure accommodating the volume swing during ammonia absorption–desorption cycles without disintegration, whereas structured SrCl2 pellets disintegrates directly after the first cycle of NH3 absorption. The structured porous 80 wt% SrCl2‐rGO composite demonstrates rapid absorption–desorption kinetics, 140% faster in absorption and 540% faster in desorption compared with pure SrCl2 pellet. The enhancement of the surface area and the presence of SrCl2 particles in the pores of rGO networks result in a robust and stable structure offering rapid ammonia absorption–desorption kinetics while countermining the volume swing by self‐adjusting “breathing.”
All‐Solid‐State Ion Synaptic Transistor for Wafer‐Scale Integration with Electrolyte of a Nanoscale Thickness
Authors: Yu Ji‐Man , Lee Chungryeol , Kim Da‐Jin , Park Hongkeun , Han Joon‐Kyu , Hur Jae , Kim Jin‐Ki , Kim Myung‐Su , Seo Myungsoo , Im Sung Gap , Choi Yang‐Kyu
Published: March 2021

Neuromorphic hardware computing is a promising alternative to von Neumann computing by virtue of its parallel computation and low power consumption. To implement neuromorphic hardware based on deep neural network (DNN), a number of synaptic devices should be interconnected with neuron devices. For ideal hardware DNN, not only scalability and low power consumption, but also a linear and symmetric conductance change with a large number of conductance levels is required. Here, an all‐solid‐state polymer electrolyte‐gated synaptic transistor (pEGST) is fabricated on an entire silicon wafer with CMOS microfabrication and initiated chemical vapor deposition process. The pEGST shows good linearity as well as symmetry in potentiation and depression, conductance levels up to 8,192, and low switching energy smaller than 20 fJ pulse−1. Selected 128 levels from 8,192 are used to identify handwritten digits in the MNIST database with the aid of a multilayer perceptron, resulting in a recognition rate of 91.7%.
4D Printing of Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Protein‐Based Hydrogels for Autonomous Shape Transformations
Authors: Narupai Benjaporn , Smith Patrick T. , Nelson Alshakim
Published: March 2021

Stimuli responsive hydrogels that can change shape in response to applied external stimuli are appealing for soft robotics, biomedical devices, drug delivery, and actuators. However, existing 3D printed shape morphing materials are non‐biodegradable, which limits their use in biomedical applications. Here, 3D printed protein‐based hydrogels are developed and applied for programmable structural changes under the action of temperature, pH, or an enzyme. Key to the success of this strategy is the use of methacrylated bovine serum albumin (MA–BSA) as a biodegradable building block to Pickering emulsion gels in the presence of N‐isopropylacrylamide or 2‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. These shear‐thinning gels are ideal for direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing of multi‐layered stimuli‐responsive hydrogels. While poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) introduce temperature and pH‐responsive properties into the printed objects, a unique feature of this strategy is an enzyme‐triggered shape transformation based on the degradation of the bovine serum albumin network. To highlight this technique, protein‐based hydrogels that reversibly change shape based on environmental temperature and pH are fabricated, and irreversibly altered by enzymatic degradation, which demonstrates the complexity that can be introduced into 4D printed systems.
Fungal Cell Wall‐Graphene Oxide Microcomposite Membrane for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Zhang Mengchen , Liu Gongping , Jin Wanqin , Li Xiaoyan
Published: March 2021

High permeability and selectivity have long been pursued in membrane separation technology. However, this purpose remains a paramount challenge for molecular separations mainly limited by the trade‐off between permeance and ‐selectivity. Here, a bio‐utilization strategy based on deep understanding of bio‐features to fabricate a cell wall‐graphene oxide microcomposite membrane for organic solvent nanofiltration is rationally designed. The membrane displays a unique configuration with alternating stacking of cell wall layers and ultrathin graphene oxide layers. Moreover, the interactions between the cell wall and graphene oxide as well as between the membrane and solvent are mainly revealed by all atom molecular dynamics to uncover the possible working principle of the membrane. Specifically, the strong graphene oxide‐cell wall interaction and anti‐swelling behavior of the cell wall together restrict the expansion of the graphene oxide layer to promise high selectivity. Meanwhile, the well‐developed porosity of the cell wall allows a high throughput of various solvents through the membrane, showing excellent rejection for small molecules and solvent permeance as high as 56 L m2 h1 bar−1. The proposed cell wall microcomposite 2D structure could encourage the practical applications of GO‐based membranes.
Solutal‐Marangoni‐Flow‐Mediated Growth of Patterned Highly Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Thin Film Via Gap‐Controlled Bar Coating
Authors: Lee Seon Baek , Lee Siyoung , Kim Dae Gun , Kim Seung Hyun , Kang Boseok , Cho Kilwon
Published: March 2021

Application‐oriented patterned growth of organic semiconductor (OSC) thin films with single crystalline domains is crucial for fabricating sophisticated high‐performance organic‐electronic and optoelectronic devices; however, fabricating these patterned nanometer‐thick crystals in a simple, fast, and effective manner is a difficult task with a roll‐to‐roll printing process. Here, a simple bar‐coating approach to form an array of single‐crystal‐like OSC thin‐film patterns at a rate of a few millimeters per second is introduced. To this end, the processing parameters of a gap‐controlled bar‐coating method is optimized, including coating speed, crystal nucleation, and solution fluidics, which allow a high degree of morphological control of bar‐coated OSC films in an area of several centimeters. In particular, it is demonstrated that the solutal‐Marangoni flow induced by a suitable solvent additive can considerably improve molecular mass transport and induce favorable vertical phase separation. Thus, organic transistors based on the OSC patterns fabricated with the additive‐assisted bar coating show a field‐effect mobility of up to 20 cm2 V−1 s−1 and superior operational stability. The proposed bar coating method will facilitate an industry‐level application of organic electronics.
Mechanoreceptor‐Inspired Dynamic Mechanical Stimuli Perception based on Switchable Ionic Polarization
Authors: Yoon Hong‐Joon , Lee Dong‐Min , Kim Young‐Jun , Jeon Sera , Jung Jae‐Hwan , Kwak Sung Soo , Kim Jihye , Kim SeongMin , Kim Yunseok , Kim Sang‐Woo
Published: March 2021

Diverse touch experiences offer a path toward greater human–machine interaction, which is essential for the development of haptic technology. Recent advances in triboelectricity‐based touch sensors provide great advantages in terms of cost, simplicity of design, and use of a broader range of materials. Since performance solely relies on the level of contact electrification between materials, triboelectricity‐based touch sensors cannot effectively be used to measure the extent of deformation of materials under a given mechanical force. Here, an ion‐doped gelatin hydrogel (IGH)‐based touch sensor is reported to identify not only contact with an object but also deformation under a certain level of force. Switchable ionic polarization of the gelatin hydrogel is found to be instrumental in allowing for different sensing mechanisms when it is contacted and deformed. The results show that ionic polarization relies on conductivity of the hydrogels. Quantitative studies using voltage sweeps demonstrate that higher ion mobility and shorter Debye length serve to improve the performance of the mechanical stimuli‐perceptible sensor. It is successfully demonstrated that this sensor offers dynamic deformation‐responsive signals that can be used to control the motion of a miniature car. This study broadens the potential applications for ionic hydrogel‐based sensors in a human–machine communication system.
Excited State Energy Transfer in Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Zhiye , Wang Cheng
Published: March 2021

Excited state energy transfer in metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is of great interest due to potential application of these materials in photocatalysis and fluorescence sensing. In photocatalysis, a light‐harvesting antenna of MOFs can collect energy from a much larger area than a single reaction center and efficiently transport the energy to the active site to enhance photocatalytic efficiency, mimicking nature photosynthesis. In fluorescence sensing, excited state traveling on the framework can search for analyte quencher molecules to give amplified fluorescence quenching, so that one quencher turns off multiple excited states to enhance signal. Key to these designer performances is highly efficient energy transfer on these framework materials that are determined by types of excited states, dimension of the materials, and structure of the frameworks. Advancement of MOF synthetic chemistry provides new tools to control the rate and directionality of energy transfer in these materials, opening opportunities in manipulating excited states at an unprecedented level.
Mechanoluminescence Rebrightening the Prospects of Stress Sensing: A Review
Authors: Zhuang Yixi , Xie Rong‐Jun
Published: March 2021

The emergence of new applications, such as in artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and biotechnology, has driven the evolution of stress sensing technology. For these emerging applications, stretchability, remoteness, stress distribution, a multimodal nature, and biocompatibility are important performance characteristics of stress sensors. Mechanoluminescence (ML)‐based stress sensing has attracted widespread attention because of its characteristics of remoteness and having a distributed response to mechanical stimuli as well as its great potential for stretchability, biocompatibility, and self‐powering. In the past few decades, great progress has been made in the discovery of ML materials, analysis of mechanisms, design of devices, and exploration of applications. One can find that with this progress, the focus of ML research has shifted from the phenomenon in the earliest stage to materials and recently toward devices. At the present stage, while showing great prospects for advanced stress sensing applications, ML‐based sensing still faces major challenges in material optimization, device design, and system integration.
Interactive Materials for Bidirectional Redox‐Based Communication
Authors: Li Jinyang , Wang Sally P. , Zong Guanghui , Kim Eunkyoung , Tsao Chen‐Yu , VanArsdale Eric , Wang Lai‐Xi , Bentley William E. , Payne Gregory F.
Published: March 2021

Emerging research indicates that biology routinely uses diffusible redox‐active molecules to mediate communication that can span biological systems (e.g., nervous and immune) and even kingdoms (e.g., a microbiome and its plant/animal host). This redox modality also provides new opportunities to create interactive materials that can communicate with living systems. Here, it is reported that the fabrication of a redox‐active hydrogel film can autonomously synthesize a H2O2 signaling molecule for communication with a bacterial population. Specifically, a catechol‐conjugated/crosslinked 4‐armed thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel film is electrochemically fabricated in which the added catechol moieties confer redox activity: the film can accept electrons from biological reductants (e.g., ascorbate) and donate electrons to O2 to generate H2O2. Electron‐transfer from an Escherichia coli culture poises this film to generate the H2O2 signaling molecule that can induce bacterial gene expression from a redox‐responsive operon. Overall, this work demonstrates that catecholic materials can participate in redox‐based interactions that elicit specific biological responses, and also suggests the possibility that natural phenolics may be a ubiquitous biological example of interactive materials.
Touch‐Based Stressless Cortisol Sensing
Authors: Tang Wanxin , Yin Lu , Sempionatto Juliane R. , Moon Jong‐Min , Teymourian Hazhir , Wang Joseph
Published: March 2021

Tracking fluctuations of the cortisol level is important in understanding the body's endocrine response to stress stimuli. Traditional cortisol sensing relies on centralized laboratory settings, while wearable cortisol sensors are limited to slow and complex assays. Here, a touch‐based non‐invasive molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical sensor for rapid, simple, and reliable stress‐free detection of sweat cortisol is described. The sensor readily measures fingertip sweat cortisol via highly selective binding to the cortisol‐imprinted electropolymerized polypyrrole coating. The MIP network is embedded with Prussian blue redox probes that offer direct electrical signaling of the binding event to realize sensitive label‐free amperometric detection. Using a highly permeable sweat‐wicking porous hydrogel, instantaneously secreted fingertip sweat can be conveniently and rapidly collected without any assistance. By eliminating time lags, such rapid (3.5 min) fingertip assay enables the capture of sharp variations in cortisol levels, compared to previous methods. Such advantages are demonstrated by tracking cortisol response in short cold‐pressor tests and throughout day‐long circadian rhythm, along with gold‐standard immunoassay validation. A stretchable epidermal MIP sensor is also described for directly tracking cortisol in exercise‐induced sweat. The rapid touch‐based cortisol sensor offers an attractive, accessible, stressless avenue for quantitative stress management.
Self‐Structural Healing of Encapsulated Perovskite Microcrystals for Improved Optical and Thermal Stability
Authors: Li Ruxue , Li Bobo , Fang Xuan , Wang Dengkui , Shi Yueqing , Liu Xiu , Chen Rui , Wei Zhipeng
Published: March 2021

Perovskite materials and their optoelectronic devices have attracted intensive attentions in recent years. However, it is difficult to further improve the performance of perovskite devices due to the poor stability and the intrinsic deep level trap states (DLTS), which are caused by surface dangling bonds and grain boundaries. Herein, the CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite microcrystal is encapsulated by a dense Al2O3 layer to form a microenvironment. Through optical measurement, it is found that the structure of perovskite can be healed by itself even under high temperature and long‐time laser illumination. The DLTS density decreases nearly an order of magnitude, which results in 4–14 times enhancement of light emission. The observation is ascribed to the micron‐level environment, which serves as a self‐sufficient high‐vacuum growth chamber, where the components of the perovskite are completely retained when sublimated and the decomposed atoms can re‐arrange after thermal treatment. The modified structure showing high thermal stability is able to maintain excellent optical and lasing stability up to 2 years. This discovery provides a new idea and perspective for improving the stability of perovskite and can be of practical interest for perovskite device application.