bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of photodynamic diagnosis plus reflectance confocal microscopy in detecting the margins of extramammary Paget disease
Authors: Wu Minzhi , Huang Liming , Lu Xinfeng , Li Jingjing , Wang Yan , Zang Jie , Mo Xingfan , Shao Xuebao , Wang Lili , Cheng Wei , He Fanghua , Zhang Qian , Zhang Wei , Zhao Liang
Published: March 2021

Background:

Due to the clinically poorly delineated unclear margin of extramammary Paget disease, the recurrence rate after surgical resection is high.

Aims:

To compare photodynamic diagnosis and photodynamic plus reflectance confocal microscopy diagnosis in determining the tumor margins in patients with extramammary Paget disease.

Methods:

Thirty-six patients with histopathologically confirmed primary extramammary Paget disease between January 2017 to June 2018 were included in the study. The skin lesion margins were preoperatively observed by the naked eye and with photodynamic diagnosis and photodynamic diagnosis plus reflectance confocal microscopy and they were compared to the postoperative histopathological examination results.

Results:

Among the 130 sections taken from 36 patients, 83 sections (63.8%, 83/130) had tumor margins beyond the macroscopic line with a distance of 3.5 ± 3.1mm and a median of 2.7mm. Forty-six sections (35.4%, 46/130) exceeded the photodynamic diagnosis marker line with a distance of 2.1 ± 1.7mm and a median of 1.5mm. Twenty seven sections (20.8%, 27/130) were obtained beyond the photodynamic diagnosis plus reflectance confocal microscopy marker line with a distance of 1.4 ± 1.2mm and a median of 0.9mm.

Limitations:

Photodynamic diagnosis and reflectance confocal microscopy detection can be used to observe only the superficial margin of the tumor and not the deep part. Moreover, reflectance confocal microscopy was not used alone as a control.

Conclusion:

In terms of determining the extramammary Paget disease margin invasively, photodynamic diagnosis and photodynamic diagnosis plus reflectance confocal microscopy were found superior to observations made with the naked eye, while photodynamic diagnosis plus reflectance confocal microscopy was superior to photodynamic diagnosis alone.
Efficient linear optics quantum computation
Authors: Milburn G.J. , Ralph T. , White A. , Knill E. , Laflamme R.
Published: March 2021

Two qubit gates for photons are generally thought to require exotic materials with huge optical nonlinearities. We show here that, if we accept two qubit gates that only work conditionally, single photon sources, passive linear optics and particle detectors are sufficient for implementing reliable quantum algorithms. The conditional nature of the gates requires feed-forward from the detectors to the optical elements. Without feed forward, non-deterministic quantum computation is possible. We discuss one proposed single photon source based on the surface acoustic wave guiding of single electrons.
Quantum algorithm for measuring the eigenvalues of UÄU-1 for a black-box unitary transformation U
Authors: Janzing D. , Beth T.
Published: March 2021

Estimating the eigenvalues of a unitary transformation U by standard phase estimation requires the implementation of controlled-U-gates which are not available if U is only given as a black box. We show that a simple trick allows to measure eigenvalues of U\otimesU^\deggar even in this case. Running the algorithm several times allows therefore to estimate the autocorrelation function of the density of eigenstates of U. This can be applied to find periodicities in the energy spectrum of a quantum system with unknown Hamiltonian if it can be coupled to a quantum computer.
Time--optimal Hamiltonian simulation and gate synthesis using homogeneous local unitaries
Authors: Masanes Ll. , Vidal G. , Latorre J.I.
Published: March 2021

Motivated by experimental limitations commonly met in the design of solid state quantum computers, we study the problems of non--local Hamiltonian simulation and non--local gate synthesis when only {\em homogeneous} local unitaries are performed in order to tailor the available interaction. Homogeneous (i.e. identical for all subsystems) local manipulation implies a more refined classification of interaction Hamiltonians than the inhomogeneous case, as well as the loss of universality in Hamiltonian simulation. For the case of symmetric two--qubit interactions, we provide time--optimal protocols for both Hamiltonian simulation and gate synthesis.
Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy
Authors: Dharmarwardana Madushani , Pakhira Srimanta , Welch Raymond P. , Caicedo Narvaez Carlos , Luzuriaga Michael A. , Arimilli Bhargav S. , McCandless Gregory T. , Fahimi Babak , Mendoza-Cortes Jose , Gassensmith Jeremiah J.
Published: March 2021

Solid state thermosalience—a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change in a solid state compound—is rare, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. In this work, we show a fully reversible actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than two hundred cycles at near ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of its original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expands back to its original length upon cooling below 35 °C. This temperature regime is important because it occurs around physiologically important temperatures. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly.
A machine learning platform to estimate anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities
Authors: KC Govinda , Bocci Giovanni , Verma Srijan , Hassan Mahmudulla , Holmes Jayme , Yang Jeremy , sirimulla suman , Oprea Tudor I.
Published: March 2021

Strategies for drug discovery and repositioning are an urgent need with respect to COVID-19. Here we present "REDIAL-2020", a suite of computational models for estimating small molecule activities in a range of SARS-CoV-2 related assays. Models were trained using publicly available, high throughput screening data and by employing different descriptor types and various machine learning strategies. Here we describe the development and the usage of eleven models spanning across the areas of viral entry, viral replication, live virus infectivity, in vitro infectivity and human cell toxicity. REDIAL-2020 is available as a web application through the DrugCentral web portal (http://drugcentral.org/Redial). In addition, the web-app provides similarity search results that display the most similar molecules to the query, as well as associated experimental data. REDIAL-2020 can serve as a rapid online tool for identifying active molecules for COVID-19 treatment.
Synchronizing Gas Injections and Time-Resolved Data Acquisition for Perturbation-Enhanced APXPS Experiments
Authors: Redekop Evgeniy , Johansson Niclas , Kokkonen Esko , Urpelainen Samuli , Lopes da Silva Felipe , Kaipio Mikko , Nieminen Heta-Elisa , Rehman Foqia , Miikkulainen Ville , Ritala Mikko , Olsbye Unni
Published: March 2021

An experimental approach is described in which well-defined perturbations of the gas feed into an Ambient Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APXPS) cell are fully synchronized with the time-resolved XPS data acquisition. These experiments unlock new possibilities for investigating the properties of materials and chemical reactions mediated by their surfaces, such as those in heterogeneous catalysis, surface science, and coating/deposition applications. Implementation of this approach, which is termed perturbation-enhanced APXPS, at the SPECIES beamline of MAX IV Laboratory is discussed along with several experimental examples including individual pulses of N2 gas over Au foil, a multi-pulse titration of oxygen vacancies in a pre-reduced TiO2 single crystal with O2 gas, and a sequence of alternating precursor pulses for Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of TiO2 on a silicon wafer substrate.
Covalent organic frameworks in Lieb lattice for tunable photocatalytic water splitting under visible light
Authors: Yu Hongde , Wang Dong
Published: March 2021

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with highly designable skeleton and inherent pores have emerged as promising organic photocatalysts for hydrogen production. However, inefficient solar light harvesting, strong excitonic effect, and the lack of active sites still pose major challenges to the rational design of COFs for efficient photocatalytic water splitting and the structure-property relationship has not been established. In this work, we investigated the fundamental mechanism of photoelectrochemical conversion in fully conjugated donor (D)-acceptor (A) COFs in Lieb lattice and proposed a facile strategy to achieve broad visible and near-infrared absorption, prompt exciton dissociation, tunable band alignment for overall water splitting, and metal-free catalysis of hydrogen production. Interestingly, we found that the exciton binding energy was substantially reduced with the narrowing of optical band gap and the increase of static dielectric constant. Further, we unraveled that the hydrogen bond played a vital role in suppressing the overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction to enable metal-free catalysis. These findings not only highlight a novel route to modulating electronic properties of COFs towards high photocatalytic activity for water splitting, but also offer tremendous opportunities to design metal-free catalysts for other chemical transformations.
Synovial Fluid Profile Dictates Nanopracticle Uptake into Cartilage- Implications of the Protein Corona for Novel Arthitis Treatments
Authors: von Mentzer Ula , Selldén Tilia , Råberg LOISE , Erensoy Gizem , Hultgård-Ekwall Anna-Karin , Stubelius Alexandra
Published: March 2021

Intra-articular drug delivery strategies aiming to deliver drugs in diseases affected by cartilage-related issues are using electrostatic interactions to penetrate the dense cartilage matrix. This enables delivery of sufficient drug concentrations to the chondrocytes to mediate the desired therapeutic effect. As it is well known that size and charge of nanoparticles affects its interactions with the surrounding biological fluids, where proteins adsorb to the NP surface, resulting in a protein corona. There are, however, no studies investigating how the formed protein coronas affect cartilage uptake and subsequent cellular uptake, nor how they affect other cells present in the synovium of such diseases. Here, we explore the differences between the protein coronas that form when NP are incubated in synovial fluid from osteoarthritic and rheumatoid arthritis patients and compare this to results obtained using fetal calf serum (FCS), as guide for researchers working on joint drug delivery. We demonstrate that the protein corona indeed affects the uptake into cartilage, where there are major differences between the model proteins in fetal calf serum, as compared to synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as osteoarthritis patients. The data suggests that when developing drug delivery vehicles for joint diseases that leverages electrostatic interactions and size, the interactions with proteins in the biological milieu is highly relevant to consider.
Breaking the Upper Bound of Siloxane Uptake: Metal-Organic Frameworks as an Adsorbent Platform
Authors: Gulcay Ezgi , Iacomi Paul , Ko Youngsang , Chang Jong-San , Rioland Guillaume , Devautour-Vinot Sabine , Maurin Guillaume
Published: March 2021

Biogas, regarded as a promising renewable energy source, still needs to be upgraded. This calls for the removal of the most prominent contaminants, among others the octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) molecule. Herein, high throughput computational screening in tandem with synthesis and adsorption testing revealed the hydrophobic Zr-MOF PCN-777 as an optimal D4 adsorbent with record gravimetric (1.8 g/g) and volumetric (0.49 g/cm3) uptakes, alongside with a reversible and fast adsorption/desorption process, good cyclability and easy regeneration. This MOF was demonstrated to encompass an ideal combination of mesoporous cages and chemical functionality to enable an optimal packing of the siloxane molecules and their efficient removal while maintaining the process highly reversible thanks to moderately high host/guest interactions. This work highlights the efficacy of an integrated workflow for accelerating adsorbent selection for a desired application, spanning the entire pipeline from method validation to computational screening, synthesis and adsorption testing towards the identification of the optimal adsorbents.
Versatile and Ligand-Free Copper-Catalyzed α-Arylations of Aromatic Ketones Using Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Bouquin Maxime , Jaroschik Florian , Taillefer Marc
Published: March 2021

A ligand and base free copper catalyzed synthetic methodology for the efficient alpha-arylation of aromatic ketones has been developed. The reaction of the ketone-derived silyl enol ethers with diaryliodonium salts led to the intermolecular C-C coupling displaying high functional group tolerance with a low catalyst loading.
Covalent d-Block Organometallics: Teaching Lewis Structures and sd/sd2 Hybridization Gives Students Additional Explanations and Powerful Predictive Tools
Authors: Fekl Ulrich
Published: March 2021

Despite tremendous efforts by instructors and textbook authors, students find it difficult to develop useful chemical intuitions about preferred structures, structural trends, and properties of even the most common d-block element organometallic species, that is d6, d8, and d10 systems. A full molecular orbital analysis of a transition metal species is not always feasible or desirable, and crystal field theory, while generally useful, is often too simplistic and limited. It would be helpful to give students of organometallic chemistry an additional toolkit that helps them to understand d-block compounds, in particular highly covalent ones. It is well known in the research literature in organometallic chemistry that hybridization arguments involving s and d orbitals (such as sd and sd2 hybridization for d8 and d6 systems, respectively) provides useful insight. However, this knowledge is much underused in undergraduate teaching and not taught in undergraduate textbooks. The purpose of this article is to make descriptions of bonding that are based on s,d-hybridized orbitals more accessible in a way that is directly useful for undergraduate teaching. Geometries of unusual low-coordinate structures can be successfully predicted. An in-depth physical explanation for the trans-influence, the weakening of a bond due to a strong bond trans to it, is provided. A clear explanation is given for why the cis isomer normally more stable than the trans isomer in square-planar d8 complexes of the type MR2L2 (R = alkyl/aryl, L = relatively weakly bonded neutral ligand). Similarly, the relative stability of fac versus mer isomers in octahedral d6 complexes of the type MR3L3 is explained. Relevant to catalysis, the method explains why strongly donating ligands do not always facilitate oxidative addition and why 12-electron and 14-electron Pd(0) species are thermodynamically much more accessible than one might expect. The method capitalizes on 1st year knowledge such as the ability to write Lewis structures and to use hybridization arguments. It also ties into the upper-year experience, including graduate school, where covalent d-block complexes may be encountered in research and where the hybridization schemes described here naturally emerge from using the NBO formalism. It is discussed where the method might fit into the inorganic curriculum.
Human-Readable SMILES: Translating Cheminformatics to Chemistry
Authors: Garay-Ruiz Diego , Bo Carles , Garay Ruiz Diego
Published: March 2021

Molecular string representations are a key asset in cheminformatics and are becoming increasingly relevant to the general chemical community, due to the steadily growing impact of Big Data and Machine Learning. Among all of the existing string representations that have been proposed, SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) are probably the de facto standard as of today. Despite their convenience as a way to store unique molecular structures in data-bases, however, SMILES are not easy to understand for most chemists: that is, it is difficult for an untrained chemist to grasp the molecule that a SMILES is describing.

To mitigate this, we propose the HumanSMILES algorithm: a simple pro-cedure that can translate a SMILES string into a more interpretable name, inspired by common abbreviations and names employed in general organic chemistry. The Human-Readable SMILES can describe linear structures and general non-fused cyclic structures, with a set of naming rules that combines automated processing and chemical knowledge. The code is available open-source, as well as a web application.
Decomposition of Formic Acid over Orthorhombic Molybdenum Carbide
Authors: Agrawal Kushagra , Roldan Alberto , Kishore Nanda , Logsdail Andrew J
Published: March 2021

The decomposition of formic acid is investigated on the β-Mo2C (100) catalyst surface using density functional theory. The dehydration and dehydrogenation mechanism for the decomposition is simulated, and the thermochemistry and kinetics are discussed. The potential energy landscape of the reaction shows a thermodynamically favourable cleavage of H-COOH to form CO; however, the kinetics show that the dehydrogenation mechanism is faster and CO2 is continuously formed. The effect of HCOOH adsorption on the surface is also analysed, in a temperature-programmed reaction, with the decomposition proceeding at under 350 K and desorption of CO2 observed.
Prediction of Co and Ru Nanocluster Morphology on 2D MoS2 from Interaction Energies
Authors: Nies Cara-Lena , Nolan Michael
Published: March 2021

Layered materials, such as \ce{MoS2}, have a wide range of potential applications due to the properties of a single layer which often differ from the bulk material. They are of particular interest as ultra-thin diffusion barriers in semi-conductor device interconnects and as supports for low dimensional metal catalysts. Understanding the interaction between metals and the \ce{MoS2} monolayer is of great importance when selecting systems for specific applications. In previous studies the focus has been largely on the strength of the interaction between a single atom or a nanoparticle of a range of metals, which has created a significant knowledge gap in understanding thin film nucleation on 2D materials. In this paper, we present a density functional theory (DFT) study of the adsorption of small Co and Ru structures, with up to four atoms, on a monolayer of \ce{MoS2}. We explore how the metal-substrate and metal-metal interactions contribute to the stability of metal clusters on \ce{MoS2}, and how these interactions change in the presence of a sulphur vacancy, to develop insight to allow prediction of thin film morphology. The strength of interaction between the metals and \ce{MoS2} is in the order Co > Ru. The competition between metal-substrate and metal-metal interaction allows us to conclude that 2D structures should be preferred for Co on \ce{MoS2}, while Ru prefers 3D structures on \ce{MoS2}. However, the presence of a sulphur vacancy decreases the metal-metal interaction, indicating that with controlled surface modification 2D Ru structures could be achieved. Based on this understanding, we propose Co on \ce{MoS2} as a suitable candidate for advanced interconnects, while Ru on \ce{MoS2} is more suited to catalysis applications.
Physicochemical Characterization of Concentrated Mineral and Magnesium Isolate of Sea Water Pamekasan Madura
Authors: Sriwidodo  , Abd. Kakhar Umar  , Ega Megawati  , Maria Elvina Tresia Butarbutar  , Nasrul Wathoni  , Syafika Alaydrus
Published: March 2021

Seawater contains many types of minerals that can be used in the health sector as raw materials for medicines and supplements. In Indonesia, one of the biggest mineral salt-producing areas is Pamekasan Madura with a recent record income of 2,768,809.95 tons. The many mineral resources available and the potential development of medicinal raw materials, it is necessary to check the initial physicochemical properties as a source of information for further research. This study aims to analyze the content, and physicochemical properties of concentrated minerals and magnesium isolates from seawater Pamekasan Madura. After analyzed, it was found that the concentrated mineral contained as many as 25 types of minerals and has a viscosity of 15 mPa.s, a specific gravity of 1,318 - 1,330 with a Baume value of 35-36, and pH of 6.1. The highest mineral concentrations are Sodium (32948.8012 mg / L), Magnesium (20685.5644 mg / L), and Calcium (349.7602 mg / L). Mineral concentrations of seawater Pamekasan Madura were found to be greater than the surface waters of Taiwan Yes Mineral. Magnesium isolate has a purity of 10.88%. Based on the result, it can be concluded that seawater Pamekasan Madura is a potential source of raw material for mineral medicines.
To Study Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In Two Different Groups Of School Children Of Age 10-15 Years In Karad Town
Authors: Joag G G  , Danesh B Potdar  , Suryakant Y Ingle  , Porwal Nardendra P
Published: March 2021

The objective of the present study was to find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the school-going children of age group 10-15 yrs from two different schools of different socio-economic status and to study the associated risk factors in overweight and obese children .470 school-going children from Private English Medium School and 481 school-going children from Nagar Parishad School were interviewed. The prevalence of overweight in the boys was 10.19%, and girls were 9.61%, of the Private English Medium School, and in the boys of the Nagar Parishad School was 1.76%.,  and in the girls was 2.02%. The prevalence of obesity in the boys 3.5%, and girls was 10.25%of the Private English Medium School was and in the boys of the Nagar Parishad School was 0.7%, and the girls were 0%. The increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in these students showed a significant association with high earning parents, having a paid servant in their houses, preference and frequent eating of non-vegetarian food, frequent intake of fast food, eating outside food (hoteling), high intake of milk, consumption of milk additive, television viewing, preference to indoor games than outdoor games.
Lipid profile outcome gaps of Arabs and South Asians receiving chronic Statin therapy
Authors: Zahra Alagheband  , Seeba Zachariah  , Dixon Thomas  , Dave L Dixon
Published: March 2021

Ethnicity is a variable in statin response, but the influence of it in Arabs and South Asians is not known. There is a possibility of under-treatment in the long-term management of dyslipidemia in the Arab population, ignoring post-initiation medication nonadherence and lifestyle. There could be potential genetic reasons also for the need for higher lipid-lowering therapy in Arabs. This study is to identify lipid profile outcome gaps of Arabs and South Asians who were receiving chronic statin therapy. A hypothesis generating retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare lipid profiles among patients treated with a statin for more than three months. The study compared two lipid profiles of Arab and South Asian patients on chronic management of dyslipidemia. T-test and Z-test were performed to compare the lipid profiles. The study participants included 42 Arabs and 28 South Asians. Arabs had a higher body mass index (P-value 0.05), and more of them were smokers compared to South Asians (P-value 0.04). Total cholesterol (P-value 0.03, 95%CI 1.08 to -21.29) and LDL cholesterol (P-value 0.03, 95% CI 0.51 to -17.51) reductions in 3 – 6 months were significant in South Asians, but not in Arabs. The lipid profiles in Arabs receiving chronic statin therapy might be poor compared to South Asians. Both populations need improvements in lipid-lowering therapy outcomes. This hypothesis should be studied further to prove inherent differences and poor therapy outcomes among Arab and South Asian population that might result in modifications in current healthcare management policies.
Dentist’s Perception Regarding Treatment Criteria For Children Under General Anaesthesia: A Multi-Centred Survey
Authors: Pragyna Priyadarshini  , Deepa Gurunathan
Published: March 2021

Treating children under general anaesthesia (GA) has become an essential phase of dentistry. However, it is of paramount importance for the general dentists (GDs) and specialist practitioners (SPs) to have adequate knowledge regarding the necessary treatment criteria and guidelines laid down for treating children under GA. The present study aims to assess the knowledge and practice regarding the treatment criteria used for treating children under GA among GDs and SPs. A convenient sample of 200 participants were enrolled, and the study was conducted among GDs and SPs in three different dental colleges and hospitals in India. A validated questionnaire was used to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice about the treatment criteria and guidelines followed for treating children under GA among the participants. A significant correlation was outlined between the different age group of practitioners and an increase in the number of GA cases performed by them in the last ten years (p= 0.011), where more number of participants in the age group of 20-25 years reported an increase in the number of GA cases performed by them in the last ten years. Another significant correlation was observed between the years of experience of practitioners and the number of GA cases performed by them in the last ten years (p= 0.048). It was found that an increased number of participants in their initial years of practice (i.e., 0-5 years) preferred treating children under GA which eventually increased the number of GA cases performed by them in the last ten years. The clinical practitioners should strictly follow the necessary treatment criteria and guidelines laid down for treating children under GA in their routine practice. An increasing trend of performing GA in dentistry have encouraged more of clinical practitioners for treating children under GA.
A comparative study between vacuum assisted wound closure vs conventional dressing in non-healing ulcers
Authors: Ajay Rex R  , Balaji D  , Lakshmana R  , Gopi Ramu  , Reka
Published: March 2021

In a surgical ward, acute and continual wounds have an effect on a minimal of 1% of the population. Vacuum-assisted wound closure (VAC) is a technique of Negative pressure in the wound to improve the healing process. To study the advantage of a vacuum assisted closure over conventional dressing in the management of chronic non-healing diabetic ulcers. To study the difference in the rate of amputation, hospital stays in case and control groups. Group1-case group – vacuum associated closure therapy. Group 2-Control group -conventional dressings. Most of the patients in the study population was in the age group of 41 -60 years. 82% of the study population was within the age group of 41-60 years. The two groups are comparable with their baseline characteristic of age, and the P-value is less than 0.05. Wounds were more common in males than females. Out of the 44 patients, 26 were male, i.e. 57% of the study population were males. About 68% of wounds occurred in the foot. About 50% of the culture showed staphylococcus. Nearly 27% of study participants had no growth. The hospital stay is less in VAC dressing when compared to the conventional dressings, who have an average hospital stay of 28 days and the relation is statistically significant (p-value<0.05). Mean hospital stay in Vacuum is 21 compared to stay of 28 in conventional dressings group. Patients in Vacuum had 12 SSG,9 discharge and 1 amputation. There is no statistically significant association in terms of grade of ulcer between the two groups(P =0.23). There is a statistically significant association between VAC and conventional in terms of the results of the Doppler study. (P<0.01). From the study results, it is obvious that VAC dressing has many advantages in terms of Low no of amputation, Earlier discharge, Minimal infection, Lesser complications, Healing in a better way.
Tatapan Medusa dan Okularsentrisme: Budaya Visual dan Persoalan Sinema Kontemporer
Authors: Bawono Haryo Tejo
Published: March 2021

This article presents some fundamental matters in visual culture. Philosophy has been grappling with important issues of image and ocularcentrism. These matters have shaped and brought impacts on the world’s visual culture. On the one hand, an image with all its possible interpretations today tends to be captured as an object and not so much as something that is at the same time plural and moving. On the other hand, people’s way of seeing tends to be blurred by the ocularcentrism. This might be a crucial problem that brings significant implications on one of the most important aspects of human life, that is, art activity, and particularly on cinema. The author of this article invites the readers to be aware of the negative inclinations around the issues of image and ocularcentrism. Some of the important challenges in the cinematic world are how people continually reformulate their experience of an image and how the ocularcentrism character in our visual culture can be positioned in the heart of the matter. In an effort to respond to these challenges, one can approach philosophy in a different way in order to refresh his or her way of seeing that might have been tiresome and cloudy.
Optimizing costs for vaccine control using the reorder point approach
Authors: Huizen Lenny Margaretta , Handayani Titis , Cholil Saifur Rohman , Faradilah Yanti
Published: March 2021

Vaccines are biological products that have an important role in human immunity. In Indonesia, some vaccines are categorized as compulsory vaccines and additional vaccines. The demand for additional vaccines is less predictable because they are not mandatory for use. This of course makes the amount of demand for vaccines less predictable. Also, the price of additional vaccines is not cheap when compared to the price of mandatory vaccines. So that the management of vaccines in the pharmacy warehouse is needed so that the amount of supply and demand is balanced so that the costs incurred will be more optimal. The information system regarding vaccine reordering is carried out using a reorder point so that the pharmacy warehouse can order according to the right need and at the right time.  The data used are demand data, prices, storage costs, and message costs. The results of calculations using reorder points within four months with a total purchase for the Rotavirus vaccine was 62 for IDR 28,274,948 and 70 for the hospital of IDR 31,801,500 with a difference of IDR 3,528,552. The calculation result using the reorder point for the Hexaxim vaccine with a total purchase for 4 months was 61 with a nominal value of IDR 58,380,060 while the calculation in the hospital was 67 with a nominal value of IDR 63,971,000 so that a nominal difference of IDR 5,590,940 was obtained.  Use of the return point can be used to alarm when and how many vaccines to order. This can be seen from the cost difference between the pharmacy warehouse and the calculation using the reorder point for the Hexaxim vaccine and the Rotavirus vaccine.
Evaluación del gasto público de las municipalidades de la provincia de contralmirante villar del departamento de tumbes en el marco de su plan de desarrollo local concertado, periodo 2015- 2018
Authors: Saldoya Tinedo Ricardo William , Delgado Medina Luz María , Luna Rodríguez Hugo Antonio
Published: March 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el gasto público de las municipalidades de la provincia de Contralmirante Villar del Departamento de Tumbes en el marco de su plan de desarrollo local concertado, período 2015- 2018. El tipo de investigación fue no experimental con diseño descriptivo, utilizándose el cuestionario como instrumento de recolección de datos y el análisis documental. La evaluación de los datos muestra que las tres municipalidades que conforman la provincia de contralmirante villar, si contaban con plan de desarrollo concertado, los mismos que han servido para identificar los ejes de desarrollo y objetivos estratégicos. Asimismo, se pudo determinar que durante los años 2015 al 2018, la Municipalidad provincial de Contralmirante Villar tuvo un presupuesto institucional Modificado de S/. 145 666 562, Casitas S/. 28 743 112 y Canos de Punta Sal S/. 80 711 228, municipalidades que al 31/12/2018 ejecutaron de su presupuesto el 73,2%; 93,0% y 84,8% respectivamente. Así también se encontró que éstas municipalidades no programaban su gasto de acuerdo a la normatividad vigente, dándole la responsabilidad a los jefes de presupuesto, los mismos que para programar e identificar el gasto corriente utilizaban datos históricos de ejecución, sin utilizar el plan operativo institucional y para identificar el gasto de capital recopilaban los nombres y montos de los proyectos aprobado vía presupuesto participativo, proyectos que en su mayoría solo nacían como ideas, debido a que los representantes de la sociedad civil siempre buscaban llevar una obra para su organización, sin considerar el costo real de la obra, el costo de la elaboración de los perfiles, el costo de los expedientes técnicos y los costos de supervisión de la obra, ocasionando que no se ejecuten todos los proyectos, haya malestar y desconfianza de la población hacia sus autoridades y no se aprueben proyectos de gran envergadura.
Efecto del tratamiento de semillas con QuitoMax® en el rendimiento y calidad de plántulas de tomate variedades ESEN y L-43
Authors: Gustavo-González Luis , Paz-Martínez Irisneisy , Boicet-Fabré Tony , Jiménez-Arteaga María Caridad , Falcón-Rodriguez Alejandro , Rivas-García Tomás
Published: March 2021

El trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en la unidad básica de producción cooperativa UBPC “Antonio Maceo Grajales” durante las temporadas 2017-2018 y 2018-2019, sobre un suelo Fluvisol, con el objetivo de evaluar la influencia del QuitoMax® sobre las plántulas cultivadas en semillero de tomate. Se ejecutaron dos experimentos, en la temporada 2017-2018 se evaluó la variedad ESEN y en la temporada 2018-2019 la variedad L-43, las semillas se sumergieron en una solución de QuitoMax®, con una concentración de 1 g L‑1 durante 4 horas previo a la siembra. Se utilizaron 10 bandejas de poliuretano para las semillas tratadas (T1) y otras 10 con semillas sin tratar (T2). En el momento del trasplante se evaluó: altura de la planta (cm), grosor del tallo (mm), número de hojas, longitud de las raíces (cm) y masa fresca (g). Para el análisis estadístico de los datos del semillero se empleó una prueba de t-student para un 5% de probabilidad del error, con el paquete estadístico STATISTICA versión 8. Los resultados demostraron la incidencia positiva del QuitoMax® sobre la calidad de las plántulas en ambas variedades.
Efectos de la crisis del coronavirus en la educación
Authors: Navarro Leal Marco Aurelio
Published: March 2021

Una de las grandes críticas que se suelen hacer a los documentos de los organismos internacionales, especialmente desde los ámbitos académicos, es su tendencia hacia la elaboranacionales, elaboración de recomendaciones de política social, a partir de investigaciones sobre temas muy especión específicos realizados en contextos particulares, pero cuyos resultados suponen extrapolaciones y cíficos generalizaciones de aplicación universal. Algo similar sucede con este reporte de la OEI (Organigeneralizaciones Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación la Ciencia y la Cultura, 2020). Comentarezación Comentaremos primero brevemente sobre este organismo y enseguida pasamos al documento en cuestión.
PLC Based Load Sharing of Transformers
Authors: Rana Iqra , Ali Murtaza , Channar Faheem Shafeeque , Ali Munsif , Memon Mustafa
Published: March 2021

The transformer is very expensive and bulky power system equipment. It runs and feed the load for 24 hours a day. Sometimes the load on the transformer unexpectedly rises above its rated capacity in that situation the load on the transformer increases and it will be overloaded and current will increase and cause overheating which in results damage the insulation of transformer. That insulation failure resulting in interruption of power supply. The common problems which transformer face is overloading voltage fluctuations and heating effect. It takes lot of time to fix the transformer so that a device need to be introduced a device which would help in automatically sharing of these over voltages. We will try to build an automated transformer sharing system in this project where the transformer current is confined to auxiliary transformer and automatically enters system.

There are three transformers working as sources in this project, initially when the main switched ON the load that time load will be shared through the first transformer but when the load on first transformer suddenly increase above its reference value then immediately second transformer connected parallel with first transformer automatically through PLC by busing relay circuit.
Analisis Spasial Pengaruh Alokasi Ruang dan Pola Kepemilikan Lahan terhadap Konversi Lahan Sawah: Studi Kasus Kecamatan Rajeg
Authors: Mahardika Afan Ray , Barus Baba , Pribadi Didit Okta
Published: March 2021

Tangerang Regency is one of the regencies in Banten Province, which has a fairly established agricultural system with fertile land potential for the agricultural sector. The central government has prioritized the regenciy’s rice field are as one of the food barns of Indonesia. Rajeg District is one of nine districts in Tangerang Regency that has been designated as a food barns. Land conversion has been a threat in implementing stable and sustainable food security. Significantly, conversion of paddy fields can affect the availability of food and inventory of rice fields. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial pattern of land use change conversion using the Landscape Metrics method. Data used in this research are secondary data, including land use maps of 2005, 2012, and 2018, spatial pattern maps of Tangerang Regency Spatial Plan (RTRW) 2011-2031, and maps of land ownership status in Rajeg District. Result of the analysis shows that the largest conversion of land use change occurs in paddy fields into developed land in agricultural areas with unregistered land ownership status (not registered and not certified). The characteristic of spatial pattern of this conversion type covers a wide conversion area with various forms of conversion geometry. Patch density tends to cluster (not fragmented). The built-up land formed in this type of conversion tends to be massive and in the form of clusters.
Muscle growth and control of production of sarcomere components
Authors: Gerry A Smith
Published: March 2021

This presentation gives a description of the muscle and sarcomere followed by the main content summarized.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Blender Buah
Authors: Hayati Nur
Published: March 2021

Teknologi membuat segala sesuatu yang dilakukan agar menjadi lebih mudah. Hal inilah yang mendorong perkembangan teknologi yang telah banyak menghasilkan alat sebagai piranti untuk mempermudah kegiatan manusia bahkan menggantikan peran manusia dalam suatu fungsi tertentu. Namun perkembangan tesebut belum terlihat di bidang industri yangÂ  memanfaatkan energy konvensional misalnya pada mesin blender buah. Penelitian ini memaparkan pembuatan mesin blender buah dengan kapasitas lebih besarÂ  yang dapat mempermudah pekerjaan dan tidak memakan waktu yang lama. Pembuatan mesin blender buah diawali dengan pembuatan desain gambar rancangan, pembuatan komponen dan perakitan seluruh komponen menjadi mesin blender buah. Dengan adanya mesin ini diharapkan masyarakat dapat lebih mudah. Dalam melakukan pekerjaan tanpa memakan waktuÂ  yang lama untuk mendapatkan hasil yang banyak terutama bagi masyarakat yang memiliki usaha dalam bidang produksi buah.
PENENTUAN PENGARUH KULIT ARI PSYLLIUM DAN SUSU FULL CREAM TERHADAP KADAR AIR DAN ABU PADA PEMBUATAN CREAM CHEESE MENGGUNAKAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Fadhlillah Muhammad , Isnanisafitri Frida F. , Anggraeni Nenden I. , Rachman Saadah D. , Safari Agus , Ishmayana Safri
Published: March 2021

Cream cheese adalah salah satu jenis keju yang kaya akan nutrisi dan dibuat dengan metode koagulasi asam, termasuk menggunakan fermentasi dengan bakteri asam laktat. Cream cheese memiliki tekstur yang lembut, halus, putih dan creamy serta memiliki cita rasa asam. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas cream cheese dapat ditambah dengan kulit ari psyllium (Platago ovata) dan susu full cream yang masing-masing dapat berperan sebagai stabilizer dan memperbaiki cita rasa. Penelitian iniÂ  betujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh kulit ari psyllium dan susu full cream terhadap kandungan air dan abu produk cream cheese. Fermentasi susu dilakukan dengan menggunakan Lactobacillus bulgaricus dengan variasi penambahan kulit ari psyllium (0.1-0.5%) dan susu full cream (8-16%). Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan response surface method-central composite design. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa kulit ari psyllium memberikan efek yang signifikan terhadap kandungan air (p = 0,035) dan abu (p = 0.009) produk cream cheese. Persamaan yang diperoleh pada eksperimen ini dapat digunakan untuk mengatur kandungan air dan abu produk cream cheese yang dibuat.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN STANDAR OPERASIONAL PROSEDUR HIEGIENE DAN SANITASI PENGOLAHAN MAKANAN
Authors: Andayani Sri Wahyu , Setyaningsih Rina
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian mengetahui : 1) perbedaan hasilÂ  praktek pengolahanÂ  makanan pada mahasiswa yang menggunakan danÂ  yang tidak menggunakan SOP, 2) gambaran efektivitas penggunaan SOP. Hipotesis penelitian â€œAda perbedaan positif dan signifikan Penggunaan Standar Operasional Prosedur ( SOP ) Hiegine Dan Sanitasi. Jenis penelitian Quasi Eksperimen. Subjek penelitian Â mahasiswa PKK bidang keahlian tata boga. Obyek penelitianÂ  efektivitas penggunaan SOP Higiene dan Sanitasi. Populasinya mahasiswa M3 Nusantara sebanyak 44 mahasiswa .Sampel penelitianÂ  random sampling sebanyak 36. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi dan tes unjuk kerja. Analisis data dengan analisis deskriptif dan uji t di dahului uji normalitas dan homogenitas. Hasil penelitian : ada perbedaan positif dan signifikan hasil praktikum pengolahan makananÂ  yang menggunakan SOP dengan yang tidak menggunakan. Hasil praktik pengolahan makanan dengan menggunakan SOP lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak menggunakan, Artinya SOP Higiene dan Sanitasi sangatÂ  berpengaruh terhadap hasil praktikum pengolahan makanan jika dibandingkan dengan yang tidak menggunakan SOP
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN MOTORIK KASAR BERBASIS METODE PSIKOTERAPI BAGI ANAK AUTIS PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rahim Abdul , Taryatman Taryatman , Hangestiningsih Endang
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to describe gross motor learning strategies through psychotherapy methods for autistic children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used was descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques employed were observation, interview and documentation. This research was located at SD Taman Muda Ibu Pawiyatan Yogyakarta City with the research subjects of low grade autistic students. The results of the research on students with special needs at SD Taman Muda Ibu Pawiyatan showed: (1) The gross motor learning strategy through the psychotherapy method was carried out through the principle of playing by creating a sense of pleasure and ensuring safety. (2) Train gross motor responses through playing to improve the emotional relationship between parents and children, (3) Train visual-motor interactions through playing activities to increase children's visual responses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, parents were required to replace the roles of teachers and therapists. Children's activities needed to be fully supported by parents. Parent must make sure that the child's health condition was good enough. If the child had a fever, delayed it until the child is recovered or the child's self-immune was optimal.
Enhancing resilience through capacity building in LCCAP formulation in the local government of Aurora, Philippines
Authors: Pulhin Juan M. , Tapia-Villamayor Maricel A. , de Luna Catherine L. , Cruz Rex Victor O. , Peria Aileen S. , Anacio Danesto B. , Carandang Wilfredo M. , Carandang Vida Q. , Peras Rose Jane J. , Sabino Lorena L. , Gevaña Dixon T. , Grefalda Liezl B. , Pulhin Florencia B. , Garcia Josephine E. , Tiburan Cristino L. Jr. , Almarines Nico R.
Published: March 2021

Climate Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) and Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) provide the scientific and legal platform for climate change adaptation and mitigation in the Philippines. This APN CAPaBLE project responds to the limited technical capacity of local government units (LGUs) to comply with this requirement through collaborative capacity building. Evaluation of CDRA and LCCAP led to a National Interagency Technical and Policy Forum to formulate action plans and fast-track preparations.
The initial stage of the project demonstrated collaborative advantage as a condition for mobilizing human and financial resources was enabled. Collaborative inertia set in once the technical limitations of Aurora LGUs surfaced to complete the CDRA. This mirrored the results of the institutional capacity survey, administered to 87 disaster risk reduction and management Technical Working Group (TWG) members, highlighting the LGUs limitations in data availability and functional knowledge on climate change. Thus, a shift in capacity building strategy through focused mentoring and managing LGU expectations was done.
The Aurora LGUs successfully completed its CDRA and LCCAP requirements through a lengthy and arduous process. It was acknowledged that CDRA preparation has a steep learning curve and competes heavily with other multiple functions and pressing demands from the LGUs. The national interagency forum resolution suggested that the CDRA be assigned to another government agency while LGUs shift capacity development initiatives to understanding and mainstreaming scientific assessment into local plans.
The project experience highlights the difficult, yet promising, path to human security development and resilience building and underscored prudence and urgency of adaptation planning at the local level.
“American Dream” and Identity in Philip Roth’s Novel “American Pastoral”
Authors: Vikhrova Kseniya Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2021

The study aims to determine “American Dream” role in formation of personal and national identity of the central character in the novel “American Pastoral” by Philip Roth. The article examines constitutive elements of the studied utopian project, analyses peculiarities of its evaluation by the characters in regard to their existential plans, on the basis of which dialectical nature of “American Dream” as an aspect of identity construction is revealed. The work is novel in that it chooses material that is little-studied in the Russian literary criticism and research perspective that has not been previously used to analyse this novel. As a result, it is proved that failure of the “American Dream” project leads to its restructuring, which confirms its self-stabilising nature and fundamental role in the process of personal self-determination of the character.