bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of the practice of physical culture and health systems of deep relaxation
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Ochkalov Oleksandr
Published: September 2024

In the article proved that physical culture and health systems of deep relaxation have their own characteristics. The most important of them are: attention to breathing (emphasis is on breathing control, breathing is used to achieve deep relaxation and reduce stress levels); meditative aspect (the practice of deep relaxation is often combined with meditation techniques, which allows to reduce mental stress and increase the level of consciousness); conscious feeling of the body and attention to muscle relaxation (during practice, attention is paid to sensations in different parts of the body, one of the main aspects is muscle relaxation); focus on the energy system (some systems, such as yoga, affect the body's energy system), etc. The article provides that the inclusion of yoga in the school program can contribute to the creation of a more favorable environment for the learning and development of each child. The practice of yoga promotes the development of selfawareness and emotional intelligence. Students learn to respond more effectively to their own emotions and feel the connection between their body and mind. Incorporating yoga into the school curriculum can lead to improvements in the physical, mental and emotional health of students. Incorporating wellness practices and deep relaxation into the school curriculum can help students develop self-regulation skills, improve psychophysical health, and improve academic performance. These practices not only provide benefits for students' physical and emotional health, but also provide a foundation for a healthy lifestyle that they can continue after school.
Preparation of future physical therapists for the preparation of a program of physical therapy for children of secondary school age with Little's disease
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Radchenko Alina , Sipakova Dariia ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: September 2024

The article revealed the issue of professional training of future physical therapists for the preparation of a physical therapy program for middle school children with Little's disease, where it was taken into account that each patient had an individual physical therapy program according to the patient's categorical profile of the ICF, selected research methods and determined physical therapy methods. The purpose of the study was to analyze the preparation for the development of a program of physical therapy for children of secondary school age with Little's disease, which future physical therapists will be able to use in their professional activities. The physical therapy program was developed for a boy, 11 years old, who has the main diagnosis: Little's disease, concomitant diseases: mild mental retardation, valgus deformity of the lower limbs, congenital. A categorical profile was determined according to the short basic set of ICF DP for a child of middle school age (11 years) with Little's disease (spastic diplegia). The physical therapy program included the following methods: therapeutic exercises, mobility training and walking with aids, massage, training on an exercise bike and a home program (fitball exercises to relax muscles, improve balance, gymnastic exercises to increase muscle strength of the upper limbs, improving posture, exercises to improve the mobility of the joints of the lower extremities, strengthening the skills of standing and walking with a walker, games and gymnastics for the fingers (development of the manipulative function of the hands), treatment of position). The study showed that in order to draw up a physical therapy program for patients with Little's disease, it is necessary to determine the research methods, obtain the initial data based on them, compile a categorical profile of the patient according to the ICF, and choose physical therapy methods and their dosage according to the obtained results.
Practice examples: Cardiff's digital skills help boost engagement
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: September 2024

IN SUMMARY

Youth services in the Welsh capital have expanded their reach by developing digital youth clubs and projects designed alongside young people
The city putting children's rights at the forefront of its strategies
Authors: Józwiak Gabriella
Published: September 2024

Cardiff has become the first UK city to be awarded ‘child-friendly’ status by Unicef, with the city's council playing a crucial role in embedding a children's rights-based approach across its services and policies
Impact of EYFS reforms
Authors: Goddard Emma
Published: September 2024

Emma Goddard, membership and communications officer at Coram Family and Childcare, outlines the changes to early years standards and what the impact of these will be for providers and children
A Study of Administrative Regulations on Real Estate Project Finance and Recent PF Market Issues
Authors: Han Soeun
Published: September 2024

Real estate project financing is the process by which real estate developers secure funding. This study categorizes the types of real estate finance and analyzes investment types based on the degree of financial companies’ participation. Financial companies invest in real estate development projects either through direct financing, using PF loans, or through indirect financing via mechanisms such as collective investment schemes. However, if a financial company is not merely a financial investor but also acts directly as a developing entity, appropriate regulation is required. From an investor protection perspective, the Financial Act aims to alleviate information asymmetry and enhance the financial soundness of financial companies. An important issue is the regulation of financial companies directly implementing real estate development projects. In particular, if a real estate development project fails, the implementer bears primary responsibility. Therefore, granting enforcement authority to a financial company that controls the funding mechanism may pose a risk to financial companies. Real estate financing suggests that administrative regulations should be organized in a way that facilitates collaboration among multiple administrative agencies. The regulatory frameworks of both the Construction Act and the Financial Act should govern financial companies’ participation in real estate development projects, necessitating close cooperation among different administrative agencies. In the complex and specialized administrative legislative process, overlapping responsibilities among multiple administrative agencies, such as those under the Real Estate Investment Company Act, may occur; conversely, gaps in responsibilities may also arise. With this in mind, it is necessary to acknowledge the role of financial companies beyond their fundraising function in real estate finance and to investigate the complex and diverse legal relationships that may arise as a result. In particular, given the current situation—marked by the downturn in the real estate PF market that began last year, the subsequent workout of Taeyoung Construction, and concerns about the deterioration of savings banks’ soundness—, it is crucial to explore an effective regulatory system for real estate development finance by integrating the Construction Act and the Financial Act.
Celebrating 30 Years in Cardiac Stem Cell Research
Authors: Nardo Paolo , Carotenuto Felicia
Published: September 2024

Thirty years ago, the most prominent cardiovascular scientists gathered in a medieval town near Rome to scrutinize the actual possibility of regenerating the myocardium. They agreed to the vision, but the knowledge and technology available were not mature to allow the development of clinically suitable protocols for regenerating the post-ischemic cardiac muscle. Subsequent intensive efforts of thousand scientists and exorbitant investments worldwide have generated many progresses without unraveling the complexity of using healthy cells or fabricating stripes of engineered tissue to be implanted in injured hearts. However, even if the final goal appears not yet at hand, the lesson learned brings us much closer to efficient protocols for clinical use.
Aerospace Medicine – An Evolving Field to Mitigate and Treat Organ Dysfunction Partly Caused by Premature Aging in Low Microgravity
Authors: Rangdal Anish , Munoz Steven , Sherman Lauren S. , Mahendrakar Smita
Published: September 2024

Space medicine is a branch of aerospace medicine, which is a crucial field, albeit with minimal research. Research at the International Space Station and other endeavors has provided insights into how loss of gravity could affect the physiological functions of humans. Organs such as the heart could begin to deteriorate with lack of resistance from the planet. The musculoskeletal system, which is the anatomical backbone, may struggle to support the individual’s structure. The cardiovascular system will be inefficient with respect to circulation, leading to other organ dysfunction. Radiation in space, also known as cosmic radiation, is caused by many different celestial bodies such as stars, sun, supernovae, and black holes. The Earth’s magnetic field is a crucial component to protect humans from harmful radiation. However, once humans venture beyond the protective confines, the body becomes exposed to dangerous elements that pose a significant threat to safety. Living in microgravity also has detrimental effects on organisms’ brains. These include but are not limited to sustained effects on circadian rhythm, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive dysfunction. This article discusses the threat of premature aging during long- and short-term times in space due to high risks associated with space travel. Improvement of clinical intervention is hindered by a lack of research and development, which is needed to fundamentally address these risks.
Advancements in halide perovskite photonics
Authors: Yu Weili , Lee Kwang Jin , Li Yixuan , Huang Ziyuan , Zhou Rongxue , Chen Ao , Guo Chunlei
Published: September 2024

Halide perovskites have emerged as a new class of materials for photoelectric conversion, attracting an ever-increasing level of attention within the scientific community. These materials are characterized by expansive compositional choices, ease of synthesis, an impressively high light absorption coefficient, and extended carrier recombination lifetimes. These attributes make halide perovskites an ideal candidate for future optoelectronic and photonic applications, including solar energy conversion, photodetection, electroluminescence, coherent light generation, and nonlinear optical interactions. In this review, we first introduce fundamental concepts of perovskites and categorize perovskite photonic devices by the nature of their fundamental mechanisms, i.e., photon-to-electron conversion devices, electron-to-photon conversion devices, and photon-to-photon devices. We then review the significant progress in each type of perovskite device, focusing on working principles and device performances. Finally, future challenges and outlook in halide perovskite photonics will be provided.
Sidelobe suppressed Bessel beams for one-photon light-sheet microscopy
Authors: Taneja Chetna , George Jerin Geogy , Corsetti Stella , Wijesinghe Philip , Bruce Graham D. , Zwart Maarten F. , Bhattacharya Shanti , Dholakia Kishan
Published: September 2024

The Bessel beam (BB) has found widespread adoption in various forms of light-sheet microscopy. However, for one-photon fluorescence, the transverse profile of the beam poses challenges due to the detrimental effect of the sidelobes. Here, we mitigate this issue by using a computer-generated phase element for generating a sidelobe suppressed Bessel beam (SSBB). We then progress to perform a comparison of biological imaging using SSBB to standard BB in a light-sheet geometry. The SSBB peak intensity is more than an order of magnitude higher than the first sidelobe. In contrast to a standard BB light-sheet, an SSBB does not need deconvolution. The SSBB propagates to depths exceeding 400 μm in phantom samples maintaining a transverse size of 5 μm. Finally, we demonstrate the advantage of using an SSBB light-sheet for biological applications by imaging fixed early-stage zebrafish larvae. In comparison to the standard BB, we observe a two-fold increase in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) when imaging the labelled cellular eye structures and the notochords. Our results provide an effective approach to generating and using SSBB light-sheets to enhance contrast for one-photon light-sheet microscopy.
Optical networking that exploits massive wavelength/spectrum and spatial parallelisms
Authors: Hasegawa Hiroshi
Published: September 2024

As DWDM transmission offers enhanced wavelength/spectrum parallelism, the capacity of optical networks has been substantially increased. Due to the theoretical capacity limit of C-band transmission over single-mode fibers, research into new frequency bands and parallel fibers has become very active. However, the hardware scale of current optical cross-connect nodes will explode with greater wavelength/spectrum and spatial parallelism. Three optical node/network architectures are presented in this paper that take advantage of one or both of these parallelism technologies. These architectures will provide a baseline for cost-effective and bandwidth-abundant future optical networks based on massive parallelism.
Proposal to correct aberration and turbulence effects in the propagation of Laguerre-Gaussian modes
Authors: Grosman P. H. , Huguenin J. A. O.
Published: September 2024

Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes are known as carriers of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and, for this reason, such modes have potential applications in optical communications. In this work, we present a study of the effects of aberration and turbulence on LG modes and propose a correction for these effects using a spatial light modulator. The aberrations are introduced by a phase mask obtained through a combination of Zernike polynomials. A scaling factor in the corrective phase mask enables us to optimize the recovery of the transverse structure of the LG beam, opening, to our knowledge, a new investigative avenue on aberration and turbulence mitigation. Numerical simulations and experiments are presented with good agreement.
Stokes-based analysis for the estimation of 3D dipolar emission
Authors: Herrera Isael , Alemán-Castañeda Luis A. , Brasselet Sophie , Alonso Miguel A.
Published: September 2024

We provide a general description of the measurement capabilities of systems that probe the 3D state of polarization of light emitted by a dipole or a collection of dipoles. This analysis is based on a generalization of the Stokes parameters for 3D polarization, and its goal is to provide insight into what constitutes a good measurement system under specific circumstances, through the definition of appropriate merit functions. Three cases are considered: the general case of arbitrary states of 3D polarization, the special case of 3D linear full or partial polarization states, and the even more specific case of linear dipoles that wobble with rotational symmetry around a central direction. Note that the latter two cases are of interest in fluorescence microscopy. The analysis presented here is illustrated by applying it to two different approaches used commonly in orientation microscopy: PSF engineering and ratiometric measurements.
Ultra-efficient surface grating couplers for chip-to-fiber and chip-to-free-space coupling based on single-beam radiation
Authors: Sánchez-Postigo Alejandro , Ginel-Moreno Pablo , Schmid Jens H. , Hadij-ElHouati Abdelfettah , Ortega-Moñux Alejandro , Gonzalo Wangüemert-Pérez J. , Halir Robert , Cheben Pavel , Molina-Fernández Íñigo
Published: September 2024

Surface grating couplers, such as fiber-chip grating couplers and optical antennas, are fundamental devices in photonic integrated circuits, as they enable the coupling of light between the chip and an external medium. An important metric of surface grating couplers is the coupling efficiency, and high values, greater than -1 dB, are required for applications in quantum technology, light detection and ranging, and optical interconnects. Surface grating couplers typically suffer from radiation loss to the substrate, which significantly limits their coupling efficiency. Here we propose a novel grating-coupling concept that utilizes a high-refractive-index upper cladding to frustrate radiation orders to the substrate by operating in a single-beam diffraction regime. To illustrate this concept, we report the design of an easily fabricable silicon surface grating coupler with an unprecedented coupling efficiency of -0.2 dB to a single-mode optical fiber. Furthermore, the proposed strategy allows us to design an evanescently coupled millimeter-long optical antenna with a coupling efficiency of -0.1 dB to free space. Additionally, an ultra-fast wavelength-tunable beam steering of 0.37°/nm is achieved, which corresponds to more than a 2.5-fold enhancement over comparable silicon antennas. These results represent a pathway for a new set of photonic integrated interfaces for applications in which high-efficiency chip-to-fiber and chip-to-free-space coupling is critical.
All-fiber IPDA lidar for CH4 leakage monitoring using InGaAs/InP single-photon detector
Authors: Han Haobin , Wu Kenan , Guo Kexin , Hu Jiadong , Qiu Jiawei , Yu Saifen , Zhang Zhen , Wu Tengfei , Xia Haiyun
Published: September 2024

An integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar for CH4 leakage monitoring is proposed and demonstrated. In the simplified all-fiber optical layout, a homemade InGaAs/InP single-photon detector (SPD) using multi-channel technique with multi-mode fiber coupling is used to increase the maximum count rate and coupling efficiency. The system is calibrated in intensity and frequency domains. Firstly, the fluctuation of the laser power is compensated. Secondly, the dead time, afterpulsing probability and dark counts of the SPD are corrected. A mean relative difference of 0.84% between SPD and PIN photodetector is achieved. Thirdly, non-linear frequency scanning of the laser is measured by homodyne detection and analyzed in joint time-frequency domain. In the symmetry-calibration process, the absorbance spectra of up and down scanning are compared. Maximum difference less than 1% with mean difference of 0.33% is achieved within a span of 4 GHz around the center of absorbance spectrum. Finally, a demonstration experiment over ten days is carried out to analyze the accuracy and stability of the system. A mean deviation of 0.03% with standard deviation of 0.46% is verified at a distance of 12 m and a time resolution of 1 s. By attenuating the laser power from 2 mW to 0.02 mW, the performance of the system is degraded to a mean deviation of 1.32% with standard deviation of 4.33%.
High-efficiency mid-infrared CW-seeded optical parametric generation in PPLN waveguide
Authors: Li Xinyue , Luo Daping , Di Yuanfeng , He Siying , Wang Siyi , Zhang Menglin , Liu Chenyu , Xie Gehui , Deng Zejiang , Gu Chenglin , Li Wenxue
Published: September 2024

Mid-infrared optical sources have been extensively used in a variety of applications, including gas sensing and metrology, by exploiting the fingerprint fundamental vibrational absorption bands of molecules in this spectral region. Parametric frequency conversion techniques, such as optical parametric generation (OPG) and optical parametric oscillator (OPO), represent common methodologies for mid-infrared generation. Notably, continuous-wave (CW)-seeded OPG exhibits superior stability and performance compared to conventional OPG. Here, we present a simple method for mid-infrared source generation based on femtosecond OPG in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides. In addition to its robustness and simplicity, mid-infrared CW-seeded OPG features a high quantum conversion efficiency of 46.5% and a low threshold. The phase of CW-seeded OPG was passively referenced to the CW laser, making it suitable for dual-comb applications. This system shows great promise in the miniaturization of mid-infrared combs and will be applied to non-laboratory applications, including open-path atmospheric gas sensing and portable environmental monitoring.
Shape sensing endoscope fiber
Authors: Lamb Erin S. , Shi Zhou , Kremp Tristan , DiGiovanni David J. , Westbrook Paul S.
Published: September 2024

Minimally invasive and robotic surgeries are growing areas that benefit patients through reduced recovery time. Medical fiber optics play an important role in these procedures by enabling instrument navigation, imaging, sensing, power delivery, and diagnostics in a small form factor. One route to further miniaturization is to combine these functions, or a subset of these functions, into a single strand of optical fiber. In this work, we present a fiber and fan-in device that enables shape sensing, imaging, power delivery, and potentially additional sensing capabilities, such as temperature and/or pressure, in the same waveguide. The refractive index profile of the multimode waveguide in our fiber is similar to step index fibers used in laser delivery and is suitable for imaging applications; however, it also contains seven single mode cores twisted in a helix and with quasi-continuous Bragg gratings along their entire length, such as are used in fiber shape sensing. We first calibrate the transmission matrix of the multimode waveguide to enable the formation of a focused spot at the distal end of the fiber with a spatial light modulator. A second calibration allows us to reconstruct the shape of the fiber using optical frequency domain reflectometry in the twisted shape sensing cores. We show that these multiple functions can be performed simultaneously with our device and that changes in the curvature of the fiber correlate with the quality of the distal spot produced through the fiber, which is an important step towards maintaining the imaging calibration as the fiber is manipulated.
Phase-cycling and double-quantum two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy using a common-path birefringent interferometer
Authors: Lienau Christoph , Timmer Daniel , Lünemann Daniel , Gittinger Moritz , De Sio Antonietta , Manzoni Cristian , Cerullo Giulio
Published: September 2024

Selecting distinct quantum pathways in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) can give particularly deep insights into coherent and incoherent interactions and quantum dynamics in various materials. This includes isolating rephasing and non-rephasing pathways for conventional single-quantum 2DES, but also the ability to record double- and zero-quantum spectra. Such advanced 2DES schemes usually require phase-cycling when performed in a partially or fully collinear geometry. A particularly simple and effective implementation of 2DES utilizes an in-line birefringent interferometer, the Translating-Wedge-based Identical pulses eNcoding System (TWINS), for the generation of an inherently phase-stable collinear excitation pulse pair. Here, we demonstrate how the TWINS can be adapted to allow for phase-cycling and experimental access to isolated quantum pathways. These new capabilities are demonstrated by recording rephasing, non-rephasing, zero-quantum and double-quantum 2DES on a molecular J-aggregate. This easy-to-implement extension opens up new experimental possibilities for TWINS-based 2DES in multidimensional all-optical and photoemission spectroscopy and microscopy.
Digital health and equitable access to care
Authors: Shaw James , Abejirinde Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade , Agarwal Payal , Shahid Simone , Martin Danielle
Published: September 2024

Research on digital health equity has developed in important ways especially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a series of clear recommendations now established for policy and practice. However, research and policy addressing the health system dimensions of digital health equity is needed to examine the appropriate roles of digital technologies in enabling access to care. We use a highly cited framework by Levesque et al on patient-centered access to care and the World Health Organization’s framework on digitally enabled health systems to generate insights into the ways that digital solutions can support access to needed health care for structurally marginalized communities. Specifically, we mapped the frameworks to identify where applications of digital health do and do not support access to care, documenting which dimensions of access are under-addressed by digital health. Our analysis suggests that digital health has disproportionately focused on downstream enablers of access to care, which are low-yield when equity is the goal. We identify important opportunities for policy makers, funders and other stakeholders to attend more to digital solutions that support upstream enablement of peoples’ abilities to understand, perceive, and seek out care. These areas are an important focal point for digital interventions and have the potential to be more equity-enhancing than downstream interventions at the time that care is accessed. Overall, we highlight the importance of taking a health system perspective when considering the roles of digital technologies in enhancing or inhibiting equitable access to needed health care.
Seasonality in mood disorders: Probing association of accelerometer-derived physical activity with daylength and solar insolation
Authors: Kovtun Oleg , Rosenthal Sandra J.
Published: September 2024

Mood disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide. Up to 30 percent of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) display a seasonal pattern of onset, a phenomenon now recognized in the official diagnostic manuals (DSM-5 and ICD-11). Very little is known about the influence of day length (photoperiod) and sunlight intensity (solar insolation) on seasonal patterns in MDD and BD. Here we report a quantitative approach to examine the relationship between sunlight measures and objectively measured motor activity patterns to understand environmental factors driving seasonality in MDD and BD. Our generalized linear model (GLM) assessment of the Depresjon dataset, which includes short-term (up to two weeks) motor activity recordings of 23 unipolar and bipolar depressed patients and 32 healthy controls recruited to the study at the University of Bergen Norway (60.4° N latitude, 5.3° E longitude), revealed significant association of accelerometer-derived daytime physical activity with participant’s depressed state (p<0.001), photoperiod (p<0.001), and solar insolation (p<0.001). Our study presents a generalizable strategy to decipher the complex interplay between sunlight, physical activity, and depressed state using open-source digital tools. The ability to identify mood disturbances, particularly in seasonally susceptible individuals, using passive digital biomarker data offers great promise in informing next-generation predictive, personalized diagnostics in mental health.
Un caso de doble discurso en política: contraargumentos del gobierno español al racismo discursivo de la oposición parlamentaria
Authors: Lischinsky Alon
Published: September 2024

Este artículo explora algunos de los mecanismos empleados en la argumentación acerca de la discriminación social, en particular el racismo en sus encarnaciones más novedosas centradas en la nacionalidad y la cultura. Antes que atender al discurso explícitamente racista, parte de la idea de que en un medio donde la expresión pública de esta clase de convicciones está severamente restringida, son muchas veces expresiones pretendidamente imparciales o aún favorables a los sujetos discriminados las que construyen, transforman o aplican procedimientos racistas. Se ofrece un análisis contextual y discursivo del discurso político parlamentario en España, para realizar un relevamiento de las instancias concretas en que el contenido racista se encarna en los procesos de la democracia deliberativa a varios niveles. Este se pone en relación con los procesos históricos y sistemáticos que lo vinculan a otras dimensiones sociales, de modo de explorar las condiciones específicas de las que deriva su estructura y a las que ha de atenderse para cualquier intento de formular un proyecto crítico.
Niveles de organización del significado en el discurso
Authors: Pardo Abril Neyla Graciela
Published: September 2024

Este artículo constituye una reflexión teórica sobre el papel de la cognición en la comprensión del discurso. Se parte de la idea de que el discurso construye, transforma y reproduce la cultura. Esta se entiende como el conocimiento que posee una comunidad y, en consecuencia, se formula como un entramado de representaciones organizadas de maneras específicas y a través de unos procesos sociales, discursivos y cognitivos. En este sentido se expone la manera como la experiencia es organizada en redes conceptuales, que constituyen modelos mentales, de cuya abstracción surgen esquemas fundacionales, que se expresan en modelos culturales, los cuales se urden para configurar representaciones sociales. Estas últimas se encuentran en la base de la estructuración de ideologías.
Categorizar a través del habla: la construcción interactiva de la extranjeridad
Authors: Unamuno Virginia , Codó Olsina Eva
Published: September 2024

Partimos del supuesto teórico y metodológico de que el estudio del lenguaje aporta una mirada fundamental a la comprensión de los fenómenos sociales. Este supuesto implica, por un lado, trabajar de forma precisa con datos lingüísticos, y por otro, evitar la reducción o simplificación de los procesos discursivos que materializan los procesos sociales (Heller, 2001a). En el presente trabajo, estudiamos la construcción de la extranjeridad (Mondada, 1999) en interacciones entre personas nacidas en Barcelona y personas provenientes de fuera del territorio español, en el marco de dos contextos a priori diversos: la escuela y el servicio de documentación de extranjeros. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, partimos del estudio de la orientación y el tratamiento interaccional por parte de los locutores de las formas de habla propias y ajenas. Al focalizar la construcción local de la experticia lingüística, nos adentramos en diferentes procedimientos que los interlocutores ponen en práctica para hacer relevante o para rechazar la categoría “extranjero”, como por ejemplo, el extrañamiento del habla, y la asignación o la negación de competencias en lengua, sean autóctonas o en lengua franca. Según nuestro análisis, la viabilidad de estos procedimientos no sólo depende de cuestiones intrínsecamente conversacionales, sino también de relaciones de poder que se materializan discursivamente y que exhiben relaciones complejas entre lengua, categorías y exclusión social.
Condiciones de trabajo y representaciones sociales. El discurso político, el discurso judicial y la prensa escrita a la luz del análisis sociológico-lingüístico del discurso
Authors: Vasilachis de Gialdino Irene
Published: September 2024

El objetivo de esta presentación es dar cuenta de las redes semánticas y de las estrategias de categorización utilizadas en tres momentos de un mismo proceso: el que se vincula con la creación, modificación, cuestionamiento jurisprudencial y nueva propuesta de modificación de la legislación de condiciones de trabajo en la República Argentina. El estudio de este proceso, que inicié en 1991 y que continúo en la actualidad, corresponde a un programa de investigación realizado desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria en la que confluyen la sociología, el derecho y la lingüística y en el que se analizaron el discurso po-lítico, las representaciones sociales construidas por la prensa escrita en las distintas etapas y el fallo de la Corte Suprema que declara la inconstitucionalidad de la Ley de Riesgos del Trabajo sancionada en el primer momento del proceso en análisis. En esta oportunidad, trataré de determinar cuáles son los modelos interpretativos de la realidad vigentes en los distintos textos analizados desde la perspectiva del que denomino análisis sociológico-lingüístico del discurso.
Política del discurso sobre inmigración en España: discurso re-activo y discurso pro-activo en los debates parlamentarios
Authors: Zapata-Barrero Ricard
Published: September 2024

Partimos de la premisa que existe una “Política del Discurso” sobre la inmigración. La idea básica es incidir en que la construcción de un Discurso es un acto político y puede analizarse como una política misma. La Política del Discurso se caracteriza por otorgar al mismo discurso la categoría de una acción que busca tener unos efectos determinados sobre la ciudadanía. En este marco diferenciamos dos tipos de discursos: el Discurso re-activo y el Discurso pro-activo. Este artículo se divide en dos partes. En primer lugar, se presenta un marco teórico que posteriormente nos permitirá analizar en qué se fundamenta el proceso de construcción de una política del discurso sobre la inmigración en España. En un segundo lugar, se analizan los debates parlamentarios que hayan tratado el tema de la inmigración, aplicándoles el enfoque de la “Política del Discurso”, para conocer de esta forma las características de la red discursiva en España. Para ello, nos apoyaremos en un sistema de categorías (tópicos) que nos permitirá conocer cómo se articula el discurso re-activo y el discurso pro-activo en los debates parlamentarios españoles. De esta forma buscaremos demostrar la función discriminadora que cumple este marco teórico cuando se aplica empíricamente. Concluiremos que esta propuesta analítica podría profundizarse puesto que tiene una capacidad generativa y ofrece potencialmente otras posibilidades de aplicación.
Discurso e ideología en los libros de texto de ciencias sociales
Authors: Atienza Cerezo Encarna
Published: September 2024

Partimos del supuesto teórico y metodológico de que el discurso proyecta y moldea ideología. Nuestro objeto de estudio va a ser libros de texto de ciencias sociales, publicados en Cataluña. Los libros de texto legitiman, por cuanto tienen de valor institucional, una determinada visión de la realidad, en detrimento de otra. Además, el destinatario al que se dirigen es un lector no formado que no dispone de estrategias para cuestionar la información ofrecida. Ante esta práctica social que se crea en torno al libro de texto, cabe señalar que nos interesa acotar y describir algunos de los recursos lingüísticos y discursivos que proyectan una determinada ideología en la medida en que dicho análisis puede servir de puente para desarrollar la conciencia lingüística crítica del estudiante y, de este modo, aumentar su competencia crítica lectora.
Van Dijk, Teun A. (coord.). Racismo y discurso en América Latina. Barcelona: Gedisa, 2007. 423 págs. ISBN: 978-84-9784-179-5
Authors: Rodríguez Muñoz Francisco J.
Published: September 2024

Van Dijk, Teun A. (coord.). Racismo y discurso en América Latina. Barcelona: Gedisa, 2007. 423 págs. ISBN: 978-84-9784-179-5.
El discurso de la discriminación percibida en Mapuches de Chile
Authors: Merino María Eugenia
Published: September 2024

En este trabajo se describe el discurso de la discriminación percibida en una muestra de cien mapuches de las ciudades de Santiago y Temuco. Se realiza un análisis crítico del discurso de los participantes mediante el modelo propuesto por Merino (2006). Los resultados revelan cuatro modos de discriminación percibida: verbal, comportamiento, institucional y macro social, siendo el verbal el modo más frecuente. El discurso mapuche de la discriminación percibida se caracteriza por poseer una estructura de relato argumentativo basado en la modalidad discursiva “ngütram”, se realiza principalmente mediante actos de habla expresivos y declarativos de uso, y estrategias semánticas locales como la ejemplificación, reproducción de discurso directo y referencia a tiempo ancestral.
La frontera racista y el discurso de los medios en Guatemala
Authors: Verdugo Lucía
Published: September 2024

En este artículo explico la participación del discurso mediático en la construcción y constante estabilización de una frontera simbólica racista entre los grupos de poder blancos o ladinos y la población indígena de Guatemala. Los medios de comunicación en Guatemala responden a la ideología del grupo dominante que integra una nación excluyente y que está conformado por los que se consideran verdaderos “ciudadanos guatemaltecos”. En eventos de la última década en los que se levantó la polémica del racismo y la discriminación en los medios, la reacción fue matizar el tema para transmitir la idea de que no hay racismo en el país. La imagen de nación moderna y solidaria es reproducida por los medios para ofrecer una versión de la realidad a los lectores que consolida el imaginario nacionalista excluyente y su discurso hegemónico.
Integrating Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Large Language Model Mistral 7b for Indonesian Medical Herb
Authors: Firdaus Diash , Sumardi Idi , Kulsum Yuni
Published: September 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) are advanced artificial intelligence systems that use deep learning, particularly transformer architectures, to process and generate text. One such model, Mistral 7b, featuring 7 billion parameters, is optimized for high performance and efficiency in natural language processing tasks. It outperforms similar models, such as LLaMa2 7b and LLaMa 1, across various benchmarks, especially in reasoning, mathematics, and coding. LLMs have also demonstrated significant advancements in addressing medical queries. This research leverages Indonesia’s rich biodiversity, which includes approximately 9,600 medicinal plant species out of the 30,000 known species. The study is motivated by the observation that LLMs, like ChatGPT and Gemini, often rely on internet data of uncertain validity and frequently provide generic answers without mentioning specific herbal plants found in Indonesia. To address this, the dataset for pre-training the model is derived from academic journals focusing on Indonesian medicinal herbal plants. The research process involves collecting these journals, preprocessing them using Langchain, embedding models with sentence transformers, and employing Faiss CPU for efficient searching and similarity matching. Subsequently, the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) process is applied to Mistral 7b, allowing it to provide accurate, dataset-driven responses to user queries. The model's performance is evaluated using both human evaluation and ROUGE metrics, which assess recall, precision, F1 measure, and METEOR scores. The results show that the RAG Mistral 7b model achieved a METEOR score of 0.22%, outperforming the LLaMa2 7b model, which scored 0.14%.
Geospatial Modeling of the Nitrate Distribution as an Indicator of Aquatic Fertility in the Lagoon Waters of the Mangrove Information Center (PIM), Pekalongan
Authors: Zainuri Muhammad , Suryani Oda Gracia Ariela , Ismanto Aris , Handoyo Gentur , Rifai Azis , Rochaddi Baskoro , Endrawati Hadi , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti , Jihadi Muhammad Shulhan , Hadibarata Tony
Published: September 2024

In the lagoon area of the Mangrove Information Center (PIM), Pekalongan, annual flooding leads to inundation in some land areas, particularly pond areas, lagoons, and residential areas. The area of submergence due to tidal floods in 2020 reached 783.99 hectares. The construction of embankments to the south of the lagoon as protection against flooding has transformed the northern area into a lagoon. Our research, crucial for understanding and managing these environmental changes, aims to determine and analyze the content and distribution of nitrate in the Lagoon Area of Mangrove Information Center Waters, Pekalongan. This was achieved through a thorough process of in situ observations based on purposive sampling at six sampling sites on June 22, 2023. The nitrate distribution data was then interpolated with a 2D current hydrodynamic model, ensuring the most accurate representation of the data. The value of nitrate content in the Mangrove Information Center lagoon ranges between 0.0065-0.1072 mg/L. This distribution pattern, influenced by deposits of mangrove litter, the depth of the lagoon, and water circulation, reflects the accumulation of physical and chemical influences in the waters.
Optimizing growth conditions and biostimulant application for enhanced growth, yield and quality in Butter bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) cultivar KKL 1
Authors: M Vignesh , C Ravindran , S Kumar , K Kalpana , L Srimathi Priya , K Sundharaiya , K Nageswari , T L Preethi , R Manivannan , C Muthuramaligam
Published: September 2024

Butter beans (Phaseolus lunatus) are prized for their significant nutraceutical benefits, which are crucial in addressing malnutrition in developing countries. Given their nutritional advantages, global cultivation demand is increasing. This study aims to boost production and improve crop quality through effective agronomic practices. To minimize dependence on synthetic chemicals, the study investigates the use of biostimulants as an alternative, offering a promising method for enhancing crop growth and performance. The experiment took place under 2 different conditions: polyhouse (G1) and open field condition (G2) at Horticultural and Forestry Research Station, Kodaikanal, from December 2023 to June 2024. Various biostimulants were applied in foliar parts in different doses: control (B1) seaweed extract at 3 % (B2) and 5 % (B3), panchagavya at 3 % (B4) and 5 % (B5), vermiwash at 5 % (B6) and 10 % (B7) and fulvic acid at 6 g/L (B8) and 9 g/L (B9), each replicated 3 times. Among the treatment combinations, G1B3 (seaweed extract 5 % under polyhouse condition) was most effective in all growth, yield and quality parameters including days to first flower emergence (48.50 days), number of pods per plant (96.33), pod yield (4.98 t/ha), highest soluble protein (37.36 %) than G2B1 (control group under open field condition). It resulted in a greater number of days for flower emergence (57.85 days), lowest values in number of pods per plant (69.91), pod yield (2.96 t/ha) and soluble protein (24.69 %). These findings suggest that seaweed extract has great potential as a sustainable agricultural input, enhancing productivity and crop performance in butter bean cultivation. The main goals were to investigate how different biostimulants and growing conditions affect the growth and yield of butter beans and to identify effective organic growth promoters that could improve the yield and quality of butter bean crops in various growing environments. The results of this study are discussed in the following sections.
Enhancing floral diversity: A review of mutation breeding techniques in flower crops
Authors: Vishwanath S  , Rajangam J  , Rajadurai K R  , Gnanasekaran M  , Anitha T  , Ravi R
Published: September 2024

Flower crops encompass a wide range of ornamental annuals and perennials that are commercially cultivated for aesthetic appeal of their floral displays. Mutation induction has been used since the early 20th century to increase genetic diversity and develop new flower varieties with improved yield, quality, adaptation and market value. Mutation experiments have successfully created genetic variability and novel phenotypes in diverse floral species. Mutation breeding, which involves the induction of genetic variations via physical and chemical mutagens, has emerged as a vital technique for enhancing ornamental plant traits, such as flower color, shape, disease resistance and stress tolerance. It explores the types and applications of physical mutagens, such as gamma rays and ion beams and chemical mutagens, such as ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and sodium azide (SA). This review provides detailed insights into mutation breeding research conducted on major flower crops (e.g., rose, carnation, chrysanthemum and gerbera). This study also highlights achievements in the development of novel flower varieties, highlights the key challenges faced in mutation breeding programs and identifies gaps in research, particularly concerning the comparative efficacy of different mutagens, environmental impacts and genetic stability of mutated varieties. Furthermore, the impact of mutation breeding on the global flower market is discussed, emphasizing its role in expanding trait diversity, catering to niche markets and enhancing the commercial value of flower crops. Mutation breeding offers significant promise in the development of sustainable and climate-resilient ornamental crops that can meet the needs of emerging markets. This review serves as a valuable resource for students, scientists and breeders interested in leveraging mutation breeding for floral crop improvement.
Adulticidal activity of essential oils of Ageratum conyzoides L., Hyptis suaveolens L., Ocimum basilicum L. and their synergistic effects against anopheles mosquitoes
Authors: Owolabi Tunde , Sakpana Destiny , Obodo-Elue Jude , Odiase Duke , Anusonwu Happiness , Ogoh Mennor , Danga James
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the insecticidal efficacy of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Ageratum conyzoides, Hyptis suaveolens, and  Ocimum basilicum against female Anopheles mosquitoes, aiming to explore their potential as alternatives to synthetic insecticides amidst rising resistance issues. EOs were obtained through steam distillation from freshly harvested plant aerial parts, and their chemical compositions were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed significant variations in chemical profiles among the oils, with precocene I dominating in A. Conyzoides, eucalyptol in H. suaveolens, and estragole in O. basilicum. Thin layer chromatography analyses revealed various components with rf values ranging from 0.25 – 0.93. Mosquito bioassay demonstrated varying knockdown effects across the oils, with H. suavolens achieving 77.5% knockdown within six minutes of the observation period. None of the oils or their combinations reached susceptibility status (98–100% mortality), indicating prevalent resistance among the mosquito population in the study area. The combination of A. conyzoides and H. suavolens essential oil gave the highest percentage mortality (70%) at the least time (9 minutes), this is a suggestion of synergistic activity. Despite resistance challenges, this study highlights the promise of botanical insecticides in sustainable mosquito control and underscores the ongoing need for innovation and adaptation in vector management strategies.
Philology – the Art of Memory: On Stanisław Wyspiański’s Digital Archive
Authors: Popiel Magdalena
Published: September 2024

The paper discusses the issue of new philology in the context of the project of Stanisław Wyspiański’s Digital Archive. Inspired by projects by Jerome McGann and John Bryant (Rossetti Archive and Melville Electronic Library), the author considers the motivations behind and the benefits of such a venture. Wyspiański’s multimediality and dynamicity of the creative process suspending finality encourage the use of digital tools in academic research and educational activities related to his works. An analysis of Wyspiański’s creative process – a writer, painter, man of the theater – can reveal a complex, heterogenous simultaneity of his artistic activities.
In the World of Potentiality: Gombrowicz, Pinter, Beckett, and Różewicz
Authors: Krajewska Anna
Published: September 2024

This article attempts to analyze Witold Gombrowicz`s, Harold Pinter`s, Samuel Beckett`s, and Tadeusz Różewicz’s works by using methods that are associated with performative literary studies. The author refers to concepts of quantum physics and introduces a new aesthetic category, “entangled arts”. Among these arts are, for example, drama and theater, which are seen from an anti-binary perspective. This approach eliminates the traditional division of arts into the art of literature and performing arts, thus leading us to look on literature as a performing art. Therefore, the idea of “entangled arts” is not about “the synthesis of arts”, but about their unresolvedness and an act of reading which requires one to simultaneously exist and be active in two (or more, potentiality) different realities, for example, in a digital and imagined world, or in film and on stage.