bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Stability of Aedes aegypti Populations following Invasion by wMel Wolbachia
Authors: Lau Meng-Jia , Schmidt Tom , Yang Qiong , Chung Jessica , Sankey Lucien , Ross Perran A. , Hoffmann Ary A.
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWolbachia wMel is the most used strain in mosquito rear and release strategies that aim to inhibit the transmission of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, Chikungunya and yellow fever. However, the long-term establishment of wMel in natural populations of the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti raises concerns that interactions between Wolbachia wMel and Ae. aegypti may lead to changes in the host genome, which could affect useful attributes of Wolbachia that allow it to invade and suppress disease transmission. ResultsWe applied an evolve-and-resequence approach to study genome-wide genetic changes in Ae. aegypti from the Cairns region, Australia, where Wolbachia wMel was first introduced more than 10 years ago. Mosquito samples were collected at three different time points in Gordonvale, Australia, covering the phase before (2010) and after (2013 and 2018) Wolbachia releases. An additional three locations where Wolbachia replacement happened at different times across the last decade were also sampled in 2018. We found that the genomes of mosquito populations mostly remained stable after Wolbachia release, with population differences tending to reflect the geographic location of the populations rather than Wolbachia infection status. However, outlier analysis suggests that Wolbachia may have had an influence on some genes related to immune response, development, recognition and behavior. ConclusionsAe. aegypti populations remained geographically distinct after Wolbachia wMel releases in North Australia despite their Wolbachia infection status. At some specific genomic loci, we found signs of selection associated with Wolbachia, suggesting potential evolutionary impacts can happen in the future and further monitoring is warranted.
De Novo Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C-Related Cirrhosis: Are Advanced Glycation end Products a Key Driver?
Authors: Abdel-Razik Ahmed , Shabana Walaa , Nakib Ahmed Mohamed El , Abdelsalam Mostafa , Abdelwahab Ahmed , Hasan Ahmad S. , Elzehery Rasha , Elhelaly Rania , Fathy Aya Ahmed , Mostafa Sally Abdallah , Yassen Ahmed H.
Published: June 2021

Background: The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in different diseases' pathogenesis, but their role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a matter of debate. This study aims to investigate the association of AGEs with HCC development in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: Only 153 of the 181 non-diabetic patients with cirrhosis were consecutively involved in this pilot cohort prospective study, along with 34 healthy control participants. Demographic characteristics, biochemical parameters, clinical data, and AGEs levels in all subjects at the starting point and every year after that for two years were assessed. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to settle variables that could predict HCC development within this period. Results: HCC developed in 13 (8.5%) patients. Univariate Cox regression analysis reported that age (P=0.043), treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) (P=0.021), and AGEs levels (P=0.04) were related to HCC development. After adjusting multiple confounders, the multivariable Cox regression model has revealed that treatment with DAAs and AGEs were the powerful parameters related to the HCC occurrence (all P<0.05). AGEs at a cutoff value of more than 79.6 ng/ml had 100% sensitivity, 96.4% specificity, and 0.999 area under the curve (all P<0.001), using the receiver operating characteristic curve, for prediction of HCC development. Conclusion: This work suggests that AGEs are associated with an increased incidence of HCC, particularly in cirrhosis, which is encouraging in decreasing the risk of HCC in these patients.
Characterization of Activated Carbon Prepared From the Nucleus of Ziziphus Lotus (NBEG): Isothermal Study and Kinetics of Adsorption of Methylene Blue
Authors: Touzani Ibrahim , FIKRI-BENBRAHIM Kawtar , Ahlafi Hammou , Ihssane Bouchaib , Boudouch Otmane
Published: June 2021

Ziziphus lotus (Nbeg) is very common in Morocco where it occupies various ecosystems and presents different interests; however it remains devalued and knows recent deterioration due to the human pressure through clearing, wood collection, irrational cuts’ exploitation and overgrazing. This study aims to prepare activated carbon from the cores of this interesting biomaterial, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, according to a manufacturing process based on its chemical and thermal activation. The cores of Ziziphus lotus (Nbeg) were chemically activated by sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 98%) for 24h with a mass contribution (1:1), and then carbonized at a temperature of 500 °C for 2 hours. The obtained activated carbon was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and specific surface measurement. These characterization results showed an important porosity and a surface structure having acid groups and carboxylic functions. The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) was evaluated, by Langmuir and Freundlich models examination, in order to explain the adsorption efficiency in a systematic and scientific way. Also pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were used to identify the possible mechanisms of this adsorption process. The results showed that the MB adsorption process on activated carbon follows the Langmuir model and that the adsorption kinetic is best represented by kinetics data of the pseudo-second order model. Therefore, Z. lotus can be used as a low-cost available material to prepare a high quality activated carbon having a promising potential in the wastewater treatment.
Diattenuation and Retardance Signature of Plasmonic Gold Nanorods in Turbid Media Revealed by Mueller Matrix Polarimetry
Authors: Ray Subir Kumar , Ghosh Nirmalya , Vitkin Alex
Published: June 2021

Plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs) are finding increasing use in biomedicine due to their unique electromagnetic properties, optical contrast enhancement and biocompatibility; they also show promise as polarization contrast agents. However, quantification of their polarization-enhancing properties within heterogeneous turbid media remains challenging. We report on polarization response in controlled tissue phantoms consisting of dielectric microsphere scatterers with varying admixtures of GRNs. Experimental Mueller matrix measurements and polarization sensitive Monte-Carlo simulations show excellent agreement. Despite the random 3D orientation and distribution of GNRs and strong multiple scattering background, significant linear diattenuation and retardance were observed that are exclusive characteristics of the GNRs, suggesting their potential as contrast agents for polarimetric imaging of biological tissue
Substance use and psychiatric disorders in patients referred to consultation-liaison psychiatry within a regional general hospital
Authors: Tucker Murray , Hill Harry , Nicholson Emma , Moylan Steven
Published: June 2021

Little is known about clinically important differences between patients depending on the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders, or the presence or absence of a substance use disorder (SUD) comorbidity. This study investigated for differences in psychosocial disadvantage, psychiatric disorders, and health service amongst 194 general hospital patients referred to consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) with no psychiatric diagnosis, single psychiatric diagnosis, multiple (non-SUD) psychiatric diagnoses, or psychiatric diagnosis plus SUD comorbidity. The results showed that SUDs were the commonest diagnostic category (34%). The SUD comorbidity group had more disadvantaged housing, were prescribed most psychoactive medications, and 20% prematurely self-discharged against medical advice. Increased SUDs were associated with reduced length of stay, men, younger age, increased investigations, and reduced private health insurance subscription. Patients with SUD comorbidity versus multiple psychiatric diagnosis had reduced odds of Adjustment Disorder, Somatic Symptom Disorder, and Insomnia Disorder. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder was the strongest predictor of multiple SUDs, followed by Cluster B personality disorders. In conclusion, SUDs have become a leading clinical focus for CLP. The presence or absence of SUDs amongst patients with multiple psychiatric disorders has important clinical implications for engagement, diagnosis, prescribing, and outpatient follow-up.
Appropriateness of using vitamin K for the correction of INR elevation secondary to hepatic disease in critically ill patients: An Observational Study
Authors: Sulaiman Khalid Al , Mutairi Mashael Al , Harbi Omar Al , Duraihim Alanoud Al , Aldosary Sara , Khalil Haifa Al , Shaya Abdulrahman Al , Harbi Shmeylan Al , Marshdi Nouf Al , Aamer Kholoud Al , Vishwakarma Ramesh , Katheri Abdulmalik Al , Bekairy Abdulkareem M. Al
Published: June 2021

Background Hepatic diseases have been associated with an increased risk of coagulopathy and increased odds of secondary thrombosis and bleeding. Using vitamin K for correction of coagulopathy in critically ill patients is controversial with limited evidence. Objective To evaluate the efficacy as well as safety of vitamin K in correction of international normalized ratio (INR) elevation secondary to liver disease in critically ill patients. Setting Tertiary teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. Method A retrospective case-control study of adult ICU patients with coagulopathy secondary to liver disease. A total of 98 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups based on vitamin K administration to correct INR elevation. differences. The propensity score was generated based on disease severity scores to adjust group. Main outcomes The primary outcome was to evaluate the association between vitamin K administration and the incidence of new bleeding events in critically ill patients with INR elevation secondary to liver disease. Secondary outcomes were to evaluate the incidence of a new thrombotic event and the degree of INR correction with vitamin K. Results Forty-seven patients (48%) received vitamin K during the study period. The incidence of the new bleeding event was not statistically different between groups (OR 2.4, 95% CI 0.28-21.67, P=0.42). Delta of INR reduction was observed with a median of 0.63 when the first dose is given (p-value: <.0001). However, other subsequent doses of vitamin K were not statistically significant. Conclusion Using vitamin K for INR correction in critically ill patients with coagulopathy secondary to liver disease was not associated with a lower incidence of new bleeding events. Vitamin K was efficient in reducing INR level at the first dose, other subsequent doses were not.Impacts on practice: Routine use of vitamin K to correct PT/INR in critically ill patients with liver disease may need be re-evaluated.If the initial dose of vitamin K does not reverse INR elevation, subsequent doses may not have any effect.Using vitamin K to correct INR was not associated with a lower incidence of new bleeding events nor RBCs/Platelets transfusion than patients who did not receive it.
Alzheimer's Disease Early Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Alroobaea Roobaea , Mechti Seifeddine , Haoues Mariem , Rubaiee Saeed , Ahmed Anas , Andejany Murad , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Sharma Dilip Kumar , Kolla Bhanu Prakash , Sengan Sudhakar
Published: June 2021

Alzheimer's is the main reason for dementia, that affects frequently older adults. This disease is costly especially, in terms of treatment. In addition, Alzheimer's is one of the deaths causes in the old-age citizens. Early Alzheimer's detection helps medical staffs in this disease diagnosis, which will certainly decrease the risk of death. This made the early Alzheimer's disease detection a crucial problem in the healthcare industry. The objective of this research study is to introduce a computer-aided diagnosis system for Alzheimer's disease detection using machine learning techniques. We employed data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) brain datasets. Common supervised machine learning techniques have been applied for automatic Alzheimer’s disease detection such as: logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, linear discriminant analysis, etc. The best accuracy values provided by the machine learning classifiers are 99.43% and 99.10% given by respectively, logistic regression and support vector machine using ADNI dataset, whereas for the OASIS dataset, we obtained 84.33% and 83.92% given by respectively logistic regression and random forest.
Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nano-structures Differentiation under Musical Sounds
Authors: Bakir Aya , Hamimed Selma , Landoulsi Ahmed , Chatti Abdelwaheb
Published: June 2021

A new emerging and green approach was used to synthesis nanomaterials. In the present study, we report the use of Yarrowia lipolytica supernatant in the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). During the synthesis, the reactional medium was subjected to different musical sounds (MSs) such as Quran sound, Tunisian music, and Flamingo. The obtained nanoparticles were analysed using UV–vis spectroscopy, which showed a peak near to 258 nm characteristic of ZnO NPs. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum was established to identify the functional groups that recorded absorption bands at 564 and 574 cm− 1 confirming the presence of ZnO NPs. While, X-ray diffraction revealed the high purity crystalline ZnO NPs and indicated the effectiveness of MSs on the crystal size by having the smallest size on Quran sound (20.9 nm). Moreover, ZnO NPs morphology was affected by the MSs that varied from spherical agglomerated to nanotubular shapes. These results reveal the successful use of MSs in the synthesis of smaller and controlled nanoparticles.
Production of biodegradable sodium caseinate film containing titanium oxide nanoparticles and grape seed essence and investigation of physicochemical properties
Authors: Yorghanlu Roghiye Ashrafi , Hemmati Haleh , Pirsa Sajad , Makhani Arezu
Published: June 2021

In this study sodium caseinate film was produced and the effect of titanium oxide nanoparticles and grape seed essence as factors that enhances film properties was investigated. For this purpose, nanocomposite films based on sodium caseinate were modified with different levels of nanoparticles of 0 to 1.5 % and grape seed essence at levels of 0 to 500 ppm based on the central composite experimental design (CCD). The effects of these variables on physical/mechanical properties, water vapor permeability and antioxidant properties were investigated. The morphology and chemical structure of different films were evaluated by SEM and FTIR techniques. The results showed that the addition of titanium oxide nanoparticles has improved the mechanical properties of the films. In this regard, films prepared from 1.5% and 500 ppm nanoparticles have the highest tensile strength. The results of scanning electron microscopy test showed that the addition of nanoparticles led to the indirect penetration of water, which reduced the permeability of the films to water vapor to 4.89 kg/m. The addition of grape seed essence caused the antioxidant effects of the produced films, so that the films containing 250 ppm showed antioxidant activity of 86.74%. Overall, the results showed that the addition of nanoparticles and grape seed essence had positive effects on the physical and chemical properties of sodium caseinate.
Computer vision application in tracking grooming behaviour in arthropods
Authors: Munshi Chayan , Sadhu Arnab , Chatterjee Subhendu Kumar , Bhattacharya Shelley
Published: June 2021

Computer vision application is a broad-spectrum sophisticated technique of high accuracy, which can be used efficiently to detect objects from a video footage. The principle of feature detection is being implemented through this technique for the recognition of desired behavioural patterns. Our results demonstrate a competent function of SURF (Speeded Up Robust Features), a computer vision algorithm in assessing animal behaviour from a recorded video. In the present study, we have applied this algorithm for accurate quantification of grooming behaviour in aquatic arthropods, using a semi-transparent freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei as a model organism. Grooming behaviour is considered as an index of neuronal stress in several animals. We predict the effective application of this method in the area of behavioural ecology and neuroethological research in diverse group of animals.
Trend analyses suggest gender-focused, peer-aware, and parent-targeted interventions could reduce teenage e-cigarette use
Authors: Hanafin Joan , Sunday Salome , Clancy Luke
Published: June 2021

E-cigarette ever-use and current-use among teenagers has been increasing worldwide, including in Ireland. Boys are widely observed to have increased prevalence compared with girls.We use data from two waves of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) in Ireland and focus on gender and teenage e-cigarette use. We examine changes in ever and current-use among 16-year-olds (n = 3,421) between 2015 and 2019. We use multivariable logistic regression analyses to explore relative and gendered effects of covariates on teenage e-cigarette use.E-cigarette ever-use increased from 23–39% and current-use from 10–18%, (in 2015 vs 2019, respectively). The rate of increase in ever-use is significantly greater for girls AOR 2.67 (C.I. 2.02, 3.54) vs 2.04 (C.I. 1.55, 2.68) for boys. Smoking and e-cigarette use are linked but never-smokers who try e-cigarettes have risen from 33–67%. Peer smoking is also significantly associated with e-cigarette ever- and current-use, particularly for boys if “Most/All friends smoke” AOR 5.90 (C.I. 3.31, 10.52) vs 3.50 (C.I. 1.79, 6.84) for girls. Less parental monitoring is associated with greater e-cigarette use, for boys AOR 5.50 (C.I. 2.85, 10.61) vs AOR 5.31 (C.I. 3.01, 9.37) for girls.Boys currently have a higher prevalence of e-cigarette use but girls are increasingly at risk. Targeting by industry through advertising, gaming and social media may contribute to use. Peer influences and parental monitoring are significant risk factors for use and provide a mechanism for intervention to prevent an increasing risk of nicotine addiction.
Hydrogeological dissimilarity of geodynamically different terranes
Authors: Glotov V. E.
Published: June 2021

The article presents and analyzes the data on ground waters of active (suprapermafrost) and hindered (subpermafrost) water exchange of geodynamically different terrains in order to prove the hydrogeological importance of their historical and tectonic characteristics. On the example of Trans-Polar Chukotka it is shown that, under suprapermafrost conditions, the ubiquitous eluvial-deluvial nappes are the most water-abundant on the terrane – a fragment of the passive continental margin, whereas they are the least water-abundant on the terrains of the active margin. Hydrogeological situation changes under subpermafrost conditions: more permeable and water-retaining rocks compose the terranes of the active margin. These differences are associated with the level of rock tectonic decompaction and, accordingly, with different intensity of weathering processes in the terrane rocks of different geodynamic origin in suprapermafrost and subpermafrost conditions. The hypergenesis zone on the terranes of the passive continental margin features coarse-grained rock weathering products accumulated in relatively calm geological and historical environments, the aggregate is sandy. The terranes of the active margin, which underwent long-term subvertical and subhorizontal displacements contain more fine-grained weathering products; the aggregate includes sandy loam and clay sand. Since the permafrost strata in both Trans-Polar Chukotka and Eastern Siberia is greater than the depth of hypergene transformations, the terranes of the active continental margin, the rocks of which were impacted by tectonic decompaction processes, mainly of a strike-slip and thrust nature, feature greater water abundance in subpermafrost conditions.
Measuring the commercial potential of new product ideas using fuzzy set theory
Authors: W. Sitnicki Maksym , Balan Valeriy , Tymchenko Inna , Sviatnenko Viktoriia , Sychova Anastasiia
Published: June 2021

The stage of selecting creative ideas that have the prospect of further commercial use and can be used to create new products, services, or startups is one of the most complex and important stages of the innovation process. It is essential to take into account expert opinions and evaluations, often vague and ambiguous. The study aims to develop a methodological approach to measure the commercial potential of new product ideas based on fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic. To this end, three calculation schemes are developed: the first two are based on fuzzy multicriteria analysis using Fuzzy SAW and Fuzzy TOPSIS methods, respectively; the third is based on building a logical-linguistic model with fuzzy expert knowledge bases and applying fuzzy inference using the Mamdani algorithm. Fuzzy numbers in triangular form with triangular membership functions are used to present linguistic estimates of experts and fuzzy data; the CoA (Center of Area) method is used to dephase the obtained values. For practical application of the proposed algorithm, the model is used as an Excel framework containing a general set of input expert information in the form of linguistic estimates and fuzzy data, a set of calculations using three schemes, and a set of defuzzification of the obtained results. The framework allows for simulation modeling depending on the modification of the list of defined evaluation criteria and their partial criteria, and adjustments to expert opinions. The developed methodological approach is suggested for the initial stages of the innovation process to facilitate the assessment of creative ideas and improve their implementation.
AcknowledgmentThis scientific paper is published with the support of the International Visegrad Fund.
Özel Gereksinimli Öğrencilere Fen Bilimleri Öğretiminde Yanlışsız Öğretim Yöntemlerinin Kullanımı: Sistematik Derleme
Authors: DENİZLİ GÜLBOY Hicran , MELEKOĞLU Meral
Published: June 2021

Giriş: Özel eğitimde etkili öğretim yöntemlerin kullanılması alanyazında sıkça vurgulanmaktadır. Özellikle akademik becerilerin öğretiminde yanlışsız öğretim yöntemleri oldukça etkilidir. Benzer şekilde fen bilimleri öğretiminde de yanlışsız öğretim yöntemlerinin etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Alanyazında yer alan uygulamaların incelenmesi ve tüm beceri öğretimlerinde olduğu gibi fen konularının öğretiminde de yanlışsız öğretim yöntemleri konusunda gereksinimlerin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir.Yöntem: Çalışmada, özel gereksinimli öğrencilere fen öğretiminde yanlışsız öğretim yöntemlerinin uygulandığı ve tek-denekli araştırma modellerinin kullanıldığı araştırmalara ilişkin sistematik derleme yapılmıştır. Belirlenen anahtar kelimeler veritabanlarında taranmış ve toplam 19 makale çalışma kapsamında belirli değişkenler açısından betimsel analiz tekniği ile incelenmiştir.Bulgular: Çalışmaya 2000-2020 yılları arasında ulusal ve uluslararası hakemli dergilerde yayımlanmış araştırmalar dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmalarda çoğunlukla çoklu başlama ve çoklu yoklama desenlerinin kullanıldığı, araştırmalarda toplam 64 katılımcının yer aldığı, katılımcıların çoğunun zihin yetersizliği ve otizm spektrum bozukluğuna sahip öğrenciler olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca; kuvvet ve enerji, enerji dönüşümleri ve çevre kirliliği, canlılar dünyası gibi hedef davranışların öğretimine yer verildiği ve katılımcıların belirlenen hedef davranışları edindiği görülmüştür. Yanlışsız öğretim yöntemlerinden ise sabit bekleme süreli ve eş zamanlı ipucuyla öğretim yöntemlerinin daha yoğun olarak kullanıldığı görülmüştür.Tartışma: Bu çalışma ile her tür ve düzeyde yetersizliğe sahip özel gereksinimli öğrencilere fen bilimleri gibi akademik becerilerin öğretimi konusunda yanlışsız öğretim yöntemlerinin uygulandığı ve tek-denekli araştırma modellerinin kullanıldığı ulusal çalışmaların sayısının artması beklenmektedir. Sonuç: Özel eğitimde fen öğretiminde yanlışsız öğretim yöntemlerinin oldukça etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, araştırmaların tek-denekli araştırma yöntemleri kriterlerine uygun olarak gerçekleştirildiği belirlenmiştir.Öneriler: Öğretmenlerin hizmet içi eğitim programlarına etkili yöntemler konusu eklenebilir. Ulusal alanyazında bu konuda uygulamalar ve çalışmalar artırılabilir.
STRATEGIZING OF KUZBASS REGION ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kvint Vladimir
Published: June 2021

The monograph «Strategizing of Kuzbass Region Ecological Development» proposes strategic
initiatives for the transformation of Kuzbass region in the environmental sphere based on the greening
of industries in the main sectors of the economy, their transition to the principles of a "green" economy,
the introduction of modern technologies in order to protect and improve the environment, preserve
natural resources and improving of Kuzbass citizens` quality of life, ensuring the development of
environmental education, as well as the recreational role of specially protected natural areas and the
development of ecological tourism.
The research is based on the theory of strategy and strategizing methodology of academician
V. L. Kvint.
A strategic analysis of global and national ecological trends and man-made loads of economic
activities on the environment of Kuzbass, as well as information from government reports, programs
and other analytical sources on the quality of atmospheric air, the state of surface and ground waters,
soils, land and forest resources, specially protected natural areas determined the choice of the most
important priorities for strategic environmental development and the adoption of effective measures
to improve the ecology of Kuzbass.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОТВЕТА В РЕАКЦИИ НСТ С ПЕРИТОНЕАЛЬНЫМИ МАКРОФАГАМИ ПОД ДЕЙСТВИЕМ ШИРОКОПОЛОСНОГО ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ
Authors: Руцкой Андрей Сергеевич , Липатов Вячеслав Александрович , Панов Александр Анатольевич , Шляпцев Илья Игоревич
Published: June 2021

Summary The article presents the results of research on the study of the effect of broadband electromagnetic fields on a macroorganism in an experiment. Electromagnetic fields with different characteristics can affect the systems of living organisms in different ways, including the immune system, which is sensitive to electromagnetic influences. Broadband electromagnetic fields have an immunostimulating effect, as evidenced by the increase in the enzymatic activity of peritoneal macrophages in reaction with nitro blue tetrazolium.
Improvement of sludge dewaterability and disintegration efficiency using electrolytic zero-valent iron activated peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Guo Shaodong , Huang Yuxin , Zhou Long , Huang Xinghu
Published: June 2021

Electrolysis zero-valent iron activated peroxymonosulfate (EZVI-PMS) was applied to enhance sludge dewaterability and disintegration performance. Sludge dewaterability was characterized by capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), and disintegration performance was explored by measuring sludge DNA content, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). EPS, including soluble EPS (SB-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were analyzed by three dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission spectrum (3D-EEM) to confirm the proteins' transformation tendency. DOC, protein and polysaccharide in EPSs were quantified to investigate the conditioning mechanism. The results showed that sludge CST and SRF were reduced significantly when the current was 0.2 A and PMS dosage was 130 mg/gDS with the reductions of 43.8% and 74.1%, respectively, and DNA was released from sludge cells to the liquid phase. Mechanically, sludge TB-EPS converted to SB-EPS with DOC in TB-EPS decreasing from 367.0 mg/L to 210 mg/L, while DOC in SB-EPS increased from 44 mg/L to 167.4 mg/L. Besides, the changes of protein and polysaccharide contents in SB-EPS and TB-EPS were similar to DOC, and protein in TB-EPS transformed to other protein-like or organic substances obviously.
Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation of Cilnidipine and
Metoprolol Succinate by RP-HPLC: Its Pharmacokinetic Application
Authors: Kachave Ramanlal N. , Shelke Suvarna H.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate are antihypertensive agents used in
the treatment of hypertension. Methods: A pharmacokinetic study of Cilnidipine and Metoprolol
Succinate in rat plasma was carried out using the chromatographic method.

Methods:

The chromatographic method involved a reverse phase C18 column, using acetonitrile
and pH 4.0 water in the ratio of 80:20 v/v as mobile phase, a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min, and UV
detection at 231 nm. In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies were performed on rats. Rats were treated
with Cilnidipine (1mg/kg) and Metoprolol Succinate (1 mg/kg) orally, and blood samples were
collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h post-treatment.

Results:

The retention time of Plasma, Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate was found to be 2.3,
3.1 and 5.5 min, respectively. Linearity was acceptable in the concentration range of 2-10 and 10-
50 for Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day variances
were found to be less than 2. The mean recovery of Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate was
100.12 and 100.15, respectively. The assay was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in
rat after oral administration. After oral administration, maximal concentration (Cmax) of
Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate was found to be 460.01 and 642.13 (μg g/mL), and the halflife
was found at 2.0 and 3.904 hours, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of
Cilnidipine and Metoprolol Succinate in rat plasma after oral administration.
Marijuana Legalization in Colorado: Increasing Potency, Changing Risk Perceptions, and Emerging Public Health Concerns for Youth
Authors: Hinckley Jesse D. , Hopfer Christian
Published: June 2021

Background:

Marijuana legalization occurred gradually in Colorado through political processes.

Objectives:

This study aimed to describe the history of marijuana legalization and correlated shifts in product availability, use patterns, and risk perceptions and describe associated emerging concerns with this process for adolescents and young adults.

Methods:

This review focuses on the history of marijuana legalization and correlated shifts in product availability, use patterns, and risk perceptions.

Results:

Along with the legalization of marijuana, there has been strong commercialization characterized by the widespread development of dispensaries, new products including edibles and concentrates, and an overall lowering of the “price per serving” of marijuana. While the frequency of marijuana use among adolescents does not appear to have shifted substantially, young adult patterns of use have demonstrated an increase in usage. A substantial shift has occurred in the increasing use of concentrates and high potency products. Emerging concerns related to high potency products include increased acute care visits, prevalence and outcomes of comorbid mental health disorders, cannabis-induced psychosis, driving while high, marijuana-related lung injuries, and increased use during pregnancy. Yet, there are also potential medical uses of marijuana.

Conclusion:

To date, scientific evidence of the mental or physical effects of high potency products is currently very limited. Clinical issues related to the treatment of marijuana use and comorbid psychiatric disorders in youth are discussed, focusing on how low-risk perceptions influence treatment considerations.
Rating Hospital Performance in China: Review of Publicly Available Measures and Development of a Ranking System
Authors: Dong Shengjie , Millar Ross , Shi Chenshu , Dong Minye , Xiao Yuyin , Shen Jie , Fan Xianqun , Li Guohong
Published: June 2021

Background

In China, significant emphasis and investment in health care reform since 2009 has brought with it increasing scrutiny of its public hospitals. Calls for greater accountability in the quality of hospital care have led to increasing attention toward performance measurement and the development of hospital ratings. Despite such interest, there has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of what performance information is publicly available to understand the performance of hospitals in China.

Objective

This study aims to review the publicly available performance information about hospitals in China to assess options for ranking hospital performance.

Methods

A review was undertaken to identify performance measures based on publicly available data. Following several rounds of expert consultation regarding the utility of these measures, we clustered the available options into three key areas: research and development, academic reputation, and quality and safety. Following the identification and clustering of the available performance measures, we set out to translate these into a practical performance ranking system to assess variation in hospital performance.

Results

A new hospital ranking system termed the China Hospital Development Index (CHDI) is thus presented. Furthermore, we used CHDI for ranking well-known tertiary hospitals in China.

Conclusions

Despite notable limitations, our assessment of available measures and the development of a new ranking system break new ground in understanding hospital performance in China. In doing so, CHDI has the potential to contribute to wider discussions and debates about assessing hospital performance across global health care systems.
Correction: Content, Quality, and Usability of Tablet-Based Apps for Phonics and Phonological Awareness: Protocol for a Systematic Search and Appraisal (Preprint)
Authors: Furlong Lisa , Serry Tanya , Erickson Shane , Morris Meg E
Published: June 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Low-Carbohydrate Nutritional Coaching to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Control: Randomized Quality Improvement Program (Preprint)
Authors: Griauzde Dina H , Ling Grace , Wray Daniel , DeJonckheere Melissa , Mizokami Stout Kara , Saslow Laura R , Fenske Jill , Serlin David , Stonebraker Spring , Nisha Tabassum , Barry Colton , Pop-Busui Rodica , Sen Ananda , Richardson Caroline R
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with adverse health consequences largely related to hyperglycemia. Despite clinical practice guideline recommendations, effective pharmacotherapy, and interventions to support patients and providers, up to 60% of patients diagnosed with T2DM are estimated to have hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels above the recommended targets owing to multilevel barriers hindering optimal glycemic control.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to compare changes in HbA1c levels among patients with suboptimally controlled T2DM who were offered the opportunity to use an intermittently viewed continuous glucose monitor and receive personalized low-carbohydrate nutrition counseling (<100 g/day) versus those who received usual care (UC).

METHODS

This was a 12-month, pragmatic, randomized quality improvement program. All adult patients with T2DM who received primary care at a university-affiliated primary care clinic (N=1584) were randomized to either the UC or the enhanced care (EC) group. Within each program arm, we identified individuals with HbA1c >7.5% (58 mmol/mol) who were medically eligible for tighter glycemic control, and we defined these subgroups as UC–high risk (UC-HR) or EC-HR. UC-HR participants (n=197) received routine primary care. EC-HR participants (n=185) were invited to use an intermittently viewed continuous glucose monitor and receive low-carbohydrate nutrition counseling. The primary outcome was mean change in HbA1c levels from baseline to 12 months using an intention-to-treat difference-in-differences analysis comparing EC-HR with UC-HR groups. We conducted follow-up semistructured interviews to understand EC-HR participant experiences with the intervention.

RESULTS

HbA1c decreased by 0.41% (4.5 mmol/mol; P=.04) more from baseline to 12 months among participants in the EC-HR group than among those in UC-HR; however, only 61 (32.9%) of 185 EC-HR participants engaged in the program. Among the EC-HR participants who wore continuous glucose monitors (61/185, 32.9%), HbA1c was 1.1% lower at 12 months compared with baseline (P<.001). Interviews revealed themes related to EC-HR participants’ program engagement and continuous glucose monitor use.

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients with suboptimally controlled T2DM, a combined approach that includes continuous glucose monitoring and low-carbohydrate nutrition counseling can improve glycemic control compared with the standard of care.
Ethical Issues in Social Media Recruitment for Clinical Studies: Ethical Analysis and Framework (Preprint)
Authors: Zimmermann Bettina M , Willem Theresa , Bredthauer Carl Justus , Buyx Alena
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Social media recruitment for clinical studies holds the promise of being a cost-effective way of attracting traditionally marginalized populations and promoting patient engagement with researchers and a particular study. However, using social media for recruiting clinical study participants also poses a range of ethical issues.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ethical benefits and risks to be considered for social media recruitment in clinical studies and develop practical recommendations on how to implement these considerations.

METHODS

On the basis of established principles of clinical ethics and research ethics, we reviewed the conceptual and empirical literature for ethical benefits and challenges related to social media recruitment. From these, we derived a conceptual framework to evaluate the eligibility of social media use for recruitment for a specific clinical study.

RESULTS

We identified three eligibility criteria for social media recruitment for clinical studies: information and consent, risks for target groups, and recruitment effectiveness. These criteria can be used to evaluate the implementation of a social media recruitment strategy at its planning stage. We have discussed the practical implications of these criteria for researchers.

CONCLUSIONS

The ethical challenges related to social media recruitment are context sensitive. Therefore, social media recruitment should be planned rigorously, taking into account the target group, the appropriateness of social media as a recruitment channel, and the resources available to execute the strategy.
НОВЫЕ КОРПУСА ДЛЯ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ПИТАНИЯ И СИЛОВЫХ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМ
Authors: Василенков Н. , Алонцев А.
Published: June 2021

В АО «ТЕСТПРИБОР» освоено серийное производство ряда металлокерамических корпусов для источников вторичного электропитания и силовых интегральных схем с повышенными значениями теплопроводности оснований и локальными радиационно-защитными экранами.
ФИЛЬТРЫ НА ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ АКУСТИЧЕСКИХ ВОЛНАХ КОМПАНИИ RF360
Authors: Ежов В.
Published: June 2021

В статье представлены краткие сведения о характеристиках, критериях выбора и основных типах ПАВ-фильтров, предлагаемых компанией RF360.
Analysis of Signal Processing for Gigabit Rate Wireline Communication
Authors: Singh Saumya
Published: June 2021

In this paper we mainly focus on achieving higher speed data which is about 1Gb/s over short copper loops using G.Fast technology. The use of TDD and higher bandwidth are two key features in G.Fast. Short twisted pair cable models are used to operate at relatively wider bandwidth. At higher frequencies, the problem of FEXT crosstalk becomes dominant. So to overcome these issues we are using different crosstalk cancellation techniques using various cables which provide different data rates at different frequencies and distances. Performance analysis of various crosstalk cancelation techniques has been done in this paper.
Calculations of the Average Number of Radicals per Particle in Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Tiwari Aishwarya
Published: June 2021

In emulsion polymerization, the free radicals enter the particles intermittently from the aqueous phase. The number of radicals per particleis given by the Smith-Ewart recursion relation which balances the rate of radical entry into, the rate of radical exit from and the rate of radical termination inside the particle. Models for emulsion polymerisation are based on the 0-1 kinetics or the pseudo-bulk kinetics. Small particles, low initiator concentrations and large number of particles favour the 0–1 kinetics, whereas the large particles, high initiator concentrations and small number of particles will favour pseudo-bulk kinetics. A given polymerization system may exhibit both these kinetic behaviours, initially following the 0-1 kinetics and during the later stages of polymerization following the pseudo-bulk kinetics. The aim of this work is to calculate the time dependent values of the average number of radicals per particle in emulsion polymerization for the pseudo-bulk kinetics.
Solar Photovoltaic System in India: Challenges and Barriers
Authors: Arya Pushpendra
Published: June 2021

In today’s world we are going towards the major share of renewable energy to reduce the effect Green House Gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. The limitation of energy sources which produces clean energy, the rise in the pollution in the environment, and programs initiated by the Indian Government have encouraged lots of open field researches on Solar Photovoltaic Systems or Solar Energy Systems. As producing the clean and renewable energy is main component of energy sector, solar photovoltaic could be considered as an alternative in various regions. Although Solar Photovoltaic does have different advantages and can be used for various purposes, but also there are several challenges for it. This paper took a whole overview of the advantages and uses of Solar Photovoltaic and barriers in their adaptation/opportunities.
Design of New Convex Lens Shaped Y Splitter for better Optical Communication
Authors: Misra Mr. Akhil
Published: June 2021

This Paper describes, a photonic crystal waveguide based a Y-splitter. The outcomes of this Y-splitter are fixed by mechanisms of plane wave augmentation and Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD). A lattice structure of hexagon shape is chosen as a basis for the formation of waveguide structure for the designing of Y-splitter. Subsequently, the calculation of power in transverse magnetic mode in equivalent the power calculated of the dual output ports of the proposed device.; the proposed device design of the splitter dispenses moderately greater transmission efficiency. This is affirmed by the simulation results obtained from the work done. The splitting ratio for both the halves was almost at 46%, and the aggregate radiation loss was confirmed to be almost 8 % for each output port. Therefore, the suggested Y-splitter is estimated as a better and more efficient as compare to basic splitter and ASS modified splitter.
Student E-Bridge
Authors: Sinha Aman Kumar
Published: June 2021

The main aim of this application is to reduce the communication gap between teachers and students. In the current scenario when classes are being online this application will play a very important role in reducing the crucial communication between the teachers and their students. The educational institution will have full control over the application, Admin will maintain the entire administration like Authorization, Authentication, permissions, History tracking, and troubleshooting, etc. The teacher can access all their student profile and go through her/his Time table as their daily activities. Students will get the notification when their queries get answered on their mobile in the notification tab. The Student will access all information (Subjects, Faculty, and Schedule) and maintain a good relationship with the faculty and his/her classmates as well. He/she can send or receive any kind of information (Clarification, Queries, Notice) by using the Notification tab. Different groups can be made in which selected candidates can be added and information and updates can be added in the groups. All the data will be secured in the cloud storage which would be controlled by the admin.
Pengaruh Gel Kombinasi Ekstrakherba Pegagan (Centella Asiatica L. Urban) Dan Lidah Buaya (Aloe Vera) Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Pada Mencit Putih Jantan
Authors: Mayefis Delladari , Hainil Sri , Maharani Ni Putu Sugi
Published: June 2021

Luka bakar merupakan kerusakan pada jaringan kulit yang disebabkan oleh benda panas, sengatan listrik, bahan kima ataupun radiasi. Herba pegagan dan lidah buaya merupakan tanaman yang dikenal mempunyai khasiat menyembuhkan luka bakar. Pegagan memiliki kandungan komponen bioaktif triterpenoid yaitu asiaticoside, madecassocide dan madeccasic acidyang dapat menyembuhkan luka bakar dan juga memperbaiki sel-sel kulit mati. Lidah buaya mengandung saponin, senyawa antrakuinon, vitamin C dan vitamin E sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian gel kombinasi ekstrak herba pegagan dan lidah buaya terhadap penyembuhan luka bakar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental pada 25 ekor mencit putih jantan yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol positif diberikan Bioplacenton, kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan gel tanpa ekstrak dan 3 kelompok uji yang lain diberikan masing-masing gel kombinasi ekstrak herba pegagan dan lidah buaya konsentrasi 5%, 10% dan 15%.Pemberian gel dilakukan sebanyak dua kali sehari hingga luka bakar pada punggung mencit sembuh. Pengamatan meliputi rata-rata diameter luka bakar perhari dan persentase penyembuhannya. Hasil penyembuhan paling cepat ditunjukkan pada kelompok yang diberikan gel kombinasi konsentrasi 15% yaitu dalam waktu 10 hari. Hasil analisis statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikanantara rata-rata nilai persentase antar kelompok.
Aktivitas Analgesik Ekstrak Daun Liligundi (Vitex trifolia L.) Pada Mencit
Authors: Yuda Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma , Setiawati Ni Made Wiwik , Dewi Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita , Sanjaya Dwi Arymbhi , Cahyaningsih Erna
Published: June 2021

Penggunaan obat antiinflamasi non steroid (AINS) pada nyeri kronis dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat menimbulkan efek samping terutama gangguan pada saluran pencernaan sehingga diperlukan agen alternatif yang lebih aman terutama dari herbal. Dalam Usada Bali, salah satu tanaman yang digunakan untuk mengurangi nyeri adalah Liligundi (Vitex trifolia L.) famili Lamiaceae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan aktivitas analgesik ekstrak daun Liligundi pada mencit. Daun Liligundi diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut alkohol 70% dilanjutkan dengan skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas analgesik menggunakan metode induksi panas (hot plate) suhu 55°C pada 20 ekor mencit yang terbagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif diberikan Tween 80, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan Ibuprofen 52 mg/kg BB, dan perlakuan Ekstrak Daun Liligundi (EDL) dosis 250 mg/kg BB dan 500 mg/kg BB. Waktu respon nyeri pada mencit diukur pada menit ke-30 ditandai dengan gerakan melompat ataupun menjilat kaki setelah diletakkan diatas hot plate. Data dianalisis secaraOne Way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey.Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa EDL mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan terpenoid. EDL dosis 250 mg/kgBB dan 500 mg/kgBB mampu memperpanjang respon nyeri secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol negatif  dan menghasilkan waktu respon nyeri yang lebih panjang secara bermakna dibandingkan Ibuprofen (p<0.05).