bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grammatical Encoding
Authors: Ferreira Victor S. , Morgan Adam , Slevc L. Robert
Published: September 2018

Grammatical encoding has the task of selecting and retrieving the syntactic and lexical forms that can convey non-linguistic thoughts, and then determining the morphological forms and their constituent ordering in preparation for their phonological spell-out and eventual externalization. This chapter begins by broadly describing a consensus view of the general architecture of grammatical encoding. It then describes ongoing debates that operate within (or question aspects of) this consensus view, including about the content and structure and selection-then-retrieval character of grammatical encoding; the incrementality or scope of grammatical encoding; the factors that influence syntactic choice; the rational or optimal nature of production; effects of ongoing learning; and production in dialogue. It closes on a constructive note, highlighting fundamental insights that we have gained as a field along the way.
Intracranial Electrophysiology in Language Research
Authors: Flinker Adeen , Piai Vitória , Knight Robert T.
Published: September 2018

Intracranial electrophysiological recording in humans has been a long-standing technique in neurosurgical treatment for epilepsy. Due to the clinical constraints as well as the necessity to map critical language sites prior to resection of tissue, electrode coverage often involves brain areas relevant for language function. This cortical sampling as well as the excellent temporal and spatial resolution provided by intracranial recordings have made the technique particularly important for our understanding of how the human brain processes speech and language. This chapter provides an introduction to the technique and describes how it historically contributed to language mapping. Furthermore, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of intracranial recordings as a research tool and illustrates the use of the technique with examples of novel findings and approaches in the area of language processing.
Does gestational age affect ultrasonographic findings of the hip in preterm newborns? A sonographic study of the early neonatal period
Authors: Duramaz Altuğ , Duramaz Burcu B. , Bilgili Mustafa G.
Published: September 2018

There are only a few studies in the literature investigating the effects of gestational age on developmental dysplasia of the hip. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gestational age on hip ultrasound findings in the early neonatal period in preterm newborns born between 30th and 36th weeks of gestational age. Between January 2008 and December 2013, a total of 788 hips of 394 premature newborns with a gestational age of up to 36th weeks who underwent hip ultrasonography in the first week of their life were retrospectively examined. The distribution of roof angles and hip types in terms of sexes was compared between groups. Birth weight, birth height, α, and β angles were analyzed in terms of the gestational age. The mean gestational age was 33.07 weeks (SD 2.09; between 30th and 36th). Six hundred and seven hips were classified as type I, 154 as type IIa, 21 as type IIc, and 6 as type III. In the 30th week, type IIc hips in females and type III hips in males were statistically significantly higher (P=0.001). In the 34th week, type IIc hips in males were statistically significantly higher than the females (P=0.013). In the 35th week, type IIa hips in females hips were statistically significantly higher than the males (P=0.008). Among all preterm infants, type IIc hips were more common in the 30th, 31st, 32nd, and 34th weeks, whereas type III hips were statistically significantly more common in the 30th week (P=0.0001). The 30th, 31st, 32nd, and 34th weeks of age are gestational ages that should be considered in terms of dysplastic and subluxed hips in premature newborns.
Early Urinary Catheter Removal Following Pelvic Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Patel Devin N. , Felder Seth I. , Luu Michael , Daskivich Timothy J. , N. Zaghiyan Karen , Fleshner Phillip
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:

Because of the potential increased incidence of acute urinary retention, optimal timing of urinary catheter removal after major pelvic colorectal surgery remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to compare the incidence of urinary retention following early catheter removal on postoperative day 1 vs standard catheter removal on day 3.

DESIGN:

This is a randomized, noninferiority trial.

SETTING:

This study was conducted at an urban teaching hospital.

PATIENTS:

Patients undergoing colorectal surgery below the peritoneal reflection were selected.

INTERVENTIONS:

A 1:1 randomization to early or standard catheter removal was performed. Patients in the early arm were administered an α-antagonist (prazosin 1 mg oral) 6 hours before catheter removal.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

The primary outcome measured was the incidence of acute urinary retention.

RESULTS:

One hundred forty-two patients were randomly assigned to early (n = 71) or standard (n = 71) catheter removal. Mean age was 44.8 ± 16.9 years, and the study cohort included 54% men. The most common operations were IPAA (66%) and low anterior resection (18%). The overall rate of retention was 9.2% (n = 13), with no difference between early (n = 6; 8.5%) or standard (n = 7; 9.9%) catheter removal (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.30–2.42). The risk difference was –1.4% (95% CI, –8.3 to 11.1), confirming noninferiority. The rate of infection was significantly lower in early vs standard catheter removal (0% vs 11.3%; p = 0.01). Length of stay was significantly shorter after early vs standard catheter removal (4 days, interquartile range = 3–6 vs 5 days, interquartile range = 4–7; p = 0.03).

LIMITATIONS:

Patients and investigators were not blinded; a nonselective oral α-antagonist was used.

CONCLUSIONS:

Following pelvic colorectal surgery, early urinary catheter removal, when combined with the addition of an oral α-antagonist, is noninferior to standard urinary catheter removal and carries a lower risk of symptomatic infection and shorter hospital stay. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01923129). See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A738.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHOROIDAL CAVERNS AND CHOROIDAL VASCULAR HYPERPERMEABILITY IN EYES WITH PACHYCHOROID DISEASES
Authors: Sakurada Yoichi , Leong Belinda C. S. , Parikh Ravi , Fragiotta Serena , Freund K. Bailey
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

To investigate the association between choroidal caverns, choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH), and pachyvessels in eyes with pachychoroid disease.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of swept-source optical coherence tomography and indocyanine green angiography imaging performed on eyes with pachychoroid disease.

Results:

Imaging from 21 eyes with pachychoroid disease entities (8 eyes with pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, 11 eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy, and 3 eyes with pachychoroid neovasculopathy) from 11 patients (mean 49.5 years, male/female: 10/1, all white) was available for review. In all study eyes, pachyvessels traversed the areas of CVH visible in mid- and late-phase indocyanine green angiography. A total of 504 choroidal caverns were identified in 11 study eyes (52%). Of the 504 choroidal caverns, 445 (88%) were seen within the areas of CVH compared with 59 (12%), which were detected outside the areas of CVH (P < 0.001). Eyes with multiple caverns had an increased choroidal thickness when compared with eyes with ≤1 cavern (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Choroidal caverns, found primarily in the areas of indocyanine green angiography CVH traversed by pachyvessels, were detected in 52% of eyes with pachychoroid disease. The presence of choroidal caverns in these cases may indicate a loss of normal choroidal architecture associated with dilated Haller layer veins and increased choroidal thickness.
Effect of Multiple Sclerosis on Dyadic Adjustment
Authors: Hacivelioğlu Dilek , Tavşanli Nurgül Güngör , Kosova Funda , Mavioğlu Hatice
Published: September 2018

Purpose: This study examines the dyadic adjustment of married men and women with multiple sclerosis (MS). Method: This cross-sectional study consists of 40 patients with MS who were married and being followed in the neurology clinic of a university hospital. Data collection was performed by face-to-face interviews with only the participant and the researcher present. The participants filled in the Expanded Disability Status Scale, a sociodemographic form, and a dyadic adjustment scale. Results: The study group was 75% male, with age ranging from 27 to 65 years (mean, 44.40 ± 9.31 years). Expanded Disability Status Scale scores ranged from 0 to 7 (mean, 3.25 ± 1.94); 95% of the subjects were having relapses and remissions. Scores for patients with MS who were not considering divorce were statistically significantly higher than patients with MS who were considering divorce for dyadic adjustment (z = 3.845, P = .000), common view (z = 2.336, P = .020), endearment (z = 2.701, P = .007), and total scores (z = 3.399, P = .001). Conclusion: Most of the patients with MS who participated in this study were diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS with a mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 3, indicating that patients had the physical ability to perform routine activities. The total dyadic adjustment scale score (107.7) is above average, indicating that dyadic adjustment was at a good level.
Importance of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-type Therapy for Bilineal Acute Leukemia
Authors: Nakagawa Shunsuke , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Kodama Yuichi , Nishikawa Takuro , Tanabe Takayuki , Kawano Yoshifumi
Published: September 2018

We examined 3 pediatric patients with bilineal acute leukemia. Patient 1 with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with B-ALL dominance responded well to prednisolone and ALL-type induction therapy. Patients 2 and 3 with T-ALL and AML with AML dominance responded poorly to prednisolone. Patient 2 was resistant to AML-type therapy; patient 3 was resistant to ALL-type induction therapy until day 15. However, all 3 patients eventually achieved complete remission after ALL-type induction therapy. Thus, ALL-type induction therapy should be initiated for bilineal acute leukemia even with AML-dominant, poor prednisolone response, or poor early response features.
Lice Update
Authors: Webber Elaine , McConnell Sherry
Published: September 2018

Lice infestation is a common health issue affecting 6 to 12 million school-age children in the United States each year, impacting all members of the household. The home care nurse can be a valuable resource in the management of lice in the home and can assist the family in understanding the various myths and misconceptions about lice. This article provides an overview of lice management, including identification and treatment of a lice infestation as well as recommendations for environmental control strategies in the home. It includes an overview of the various over-the-counter and prescription treatment options and highlights the social stigma that is often associated with a lice infestation.
Genitoanal Injury in Sexually Assaulted Adult Women
Authors: Suttipasit Papanu
Published: September 2018

Sexual assault persists as a global problem. Even when sexual assault does not result in obvious visible wounds, genitoanal injury must be evaluated because it is often pertinent for legal outcomes. Macroscopic (“naked eye”) examination is valuable when colposcope is not available or when patients do not consent. This study reviewed the genitoanal injuries of 117 sexually assaulted adult women evaluated macroscopically. Genitoanal injury prevalence was 47%, and nongenitoanal injury prevalence was at 44%. The most common injury type was abrasion, and the most common site was posterior fourchette. Most injury patterns were singular. The number of women who did not report a history of sexual intercourse in the sample and usage of fingers/palm during assault may have affected pattern and/or injury type. There was a significant relationship between hymenal old tear below the 3- to 9-o'clock area and prior sexual intercourse. Factors related to genitoanal injury were prior sexual intercourse, vaginal delivery, and spermatozoa detection. In conclusion, all sexually assaulted women should be encouraged to have a pelvic examination: nothing overtly visible does not mean that nothing happened.
Postmortem Hyperthermia
Authors: Angélique Franchi , Guillaume Gauchotte , Nicolas Gambier , Jean Sébastien Raul , Laurent Martrille
Published: September 2018

In this daily practice, the forensic pathologist is rarely confronted with postmortem hyperthermia associated with the rapid onset of rigor mortis. We report 2 similar cases where the rectal temperature value taken during the on-scene investigations by the forensic pathologist was greater than 40°C (104°F) in both cases, and rigor mortis was complete within less than 6 hours postmortem. The first case was due to a deadly intoxication by ecstasy and the second one to the deadly association of methadone and a possible neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Infection-related deaths were eliminated. Thus, the association of postmortem hyperthermia and rapid-onset rigor mortis would suggest in the first hypothesis a toxic death, particularly 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. However, an autopsy and toxicological analysis are necessary to confirm the cause of death.
Porous Polyethylene Implant Associated With Delayed Orbital Complications and Osteomyelitis After Orbital Reconstruction
Authors: Suh Su Youn , Yeom Jeong A. , Ahn Jung Hyo
Published: September 2018

Orbital implants are commonly used to repair orbital blowout fractures, to restore the functional and anatomical structure of the orbit. Porous polyethylene implants are a type of alloplastic implant and are widely used for orbital reconstruction as micropores facilitate the growth of fibers and blood vessels through the material. Rare complications associated with porous polyethylene implants used to treat blowout fractures include delayed orbital inflammation and osteomyelitis. The authors describe a 68-year-old man who presented with a 5-year delayed porous polyethylene implant infection and cicatricial ectropion with osteomyelitis after an orbital blowout fracture repair. The patient underwent surgery to incision and drainage of orbital abscess with ectropion correction surgery. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics for 6 weeks due to osteomyelitis and made a good recovery.
Relationship Between EEG Electrode and Functional Cortex in the International 10 to 20 System
Authors: Ives-Deliperi Victoria L. , Butler James Thomas
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

In this study, we attempted to define the variability in the anatomical relationship between scalp EEG electrodes and eloquent cortical function, as inferred from fMRI.

Methods:

MRI-compatible fiducial markers were positioned at locations of CZ, C3 and C4, T3 and T4, and F7 and F8 in 10 healthy subjects. Well-validated fMRI paradigms were administered to activate primary motor cortex and language regions, and the distance between these brain regions and fiducial markers was measured.

Results:

C3/C4, Cz, F8/F7, and T3/T4 were located 16 to 42 mm from the BOLD signal in the primary motor cortex for the contralateral hand and foot, and anterior and posterior language areas, 11 to 21 mm of which was the distance from the skin to the underlying cortex.

Conclusions:

There is considerable variation in the distance between the fMRI-defined primary motor and language cortex and the most contiguous electrode. This distance likely underestimates the true variability of electrode placement in relation to eloquent cortex in people with epilepsy or structural brain disorders. Because the evidence indicates that spikes on scalp EEG reflect discharges from the cortex that is of the order of 3 cm by 3 cm or greater in size, the demonstrated variability of electrode placement in relation to the cortex may be clinically and surgically important in individual patients.
Versatile Multi-Detector Scheme for Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy
Authors: Mozaffari Sanam , Jaedicke Volker , Larocca Francesco , Tiruveedhula Pavan , Roorda Austin
Published: September 2018

Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) is a powerful tool for imaging the retina at high spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper, we present a multi-detector scheme for AOSLO which has two main configurations: pixel reassignment and offset aperture imaging. In this detection scheme, the single element detector of the standard AOSLO is replaced by a fiber bundle which couples the detected light into multiple detectors. The pixel reassignment configuration allows for more light throughput while maintaining optimal confocal resolution. The increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from this configuration can improve the accuracy of motion registration techniques. The offset aperture imaging configuration enhances the detection of multiply scattered light, which improves the contrast of retinal vasculature and inner retinal layers similar to methods such as nonconfocal split-detector imaging and multi-offset aperture imaging.
Comparative analysis of miR-155 tissue expression profiles of different breeds of chicken
Authors: Xu Sifan , Chang Yang , Wu Guanxian , Zhang Wanting , Man Chaolai
Published: September 2018

miR-155 is an important microRNA which has multiple functions in many physiological and pathological processes. In this study, partial pri-miR-155 sequences were cloned from AA+ broiler, Sanhuang broiler and Hi-Line Brown layer, respectively. Stem-loop RT-qPCR was performed to detect the miR-155 spatiotemporal expression profiles of each chicken breed. The results showed that the partial pri-miR-155 sequences of different breeds of chicken were high conserved. The expression patterns of miR-155 between broiler and layer were basically similar, and miR-155 is expressed highly in immune related tissues. Interestingly, miR-155 expression activity had higher level in fat tissue of the three chicken breeds (14-day-old), but it decreased significantly in fat of the Hi-Line Brown layer (10-month-old and 24-month-old). In addition, the expression activities of miR-155 in 14-day-old broilers (AA+ broiler and Sanhuang broiler) were significantly lower than that of Hi-Line Brown layer (14-day-old) (P<0.05). Moreover, miR-155 expression activities in skeletal muscle of 14-day-old and 10-month-old Hi-Line Brown layer were also significantly lower than that of 24-month-old layer (P<0.05). The results indicated that miR-155 might be one of the important factors affecting the differences in skeletal muscle development and adipogenesis between different chicken breeds. These data can serve as a foundation for further study the functions and mechanisms of miR-155 in the physiological and pathological contexts.
Unc93b1 recruits Syntenin-1 to dampen TLR7 signaling and prevent autoimmunity
Authors: Majer Olivia , Liu Bo , Krogan Nevan , Barton Gregory M.
Published: September 2018

Recognition of nucleic acids enables detection of diverse pathogens by a limited number of innate immune receptors but also exposes the host to potential autoimmunity. At least two members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, TLR7 and TLR9, can recognize self RNA or DNA, respectively. Despite the structural and functional similarities between these receptors, their contribution to autoimmune diseases such as SLE can be quite different. However, mechanisms of negative regulation that differentiate between TLR7 and TLR9 have not been described. Here we report a new function for the TLR trafficking chaperone Unc93b1 that specifically limits TLR7 signaling and prevents TLR7-dependent autoimmunity. Unc93b1 is known to traffic TLRs from the endoplasmic reticulum to endosomes, but this new regulatory function does not affect TLR7 localization. Instead, Unc93b1 recruits Syntenin-1, which inhibits TLR7, but not TLR9, signaling. Syntenin-1 binding requires phosphorylation of two serine residues on Unc93b1, providing a mechanism for dynamic regulation of the activation threshold of TLR7. Disruption of the Unc93b1/Syntenin-1 interaction in mice results in TLR7-dependent autoimmunity. Thus, Unc93b1 not only enables proper trafficking of nucleic acid sensing TLRs but also sets the activation threshold of these potentially self-reactive receptors.
Genome-Wide Control of Population Structure and Relatedness in Genetic Association Studies via Linear Mixed Models with Orthogonally Partitioned Structure
Authors: Conomos Matthew P. , Reiner Alex P. , McPeek Mary Sara , Thornton Timothy A.
Published: September 2018

Linear mixed models (LMMs) have become the standard approach for genetic association testing in the presence of sample structure. However, the performance of LMMs has primarily been evaluated in relatively homogeneous populations of European ancestry, despite many of the recent genetic association studies including samples from worldwide populations with diverse ancestries. In this paper, we demonstrate that existing LMM methods can have systematic miscalibration of association test statistics genome-wide in samples with heterogenous ancestry, resulting in both increased type-I error rates and a loss of power. Furthermore, we show that this miscalibration arises due to varying allele frequency differences across the genome among populations. To overcome this problem, we developed LMM-OPS, an LMM approach which orthogonally partitions diverse genetic structure into two components: distant population structure and recent genetic relatedness. In simulation studies with real and simulated genotype data, we demonstrate that LMM-OPS is appropriately calibrated in the presence of ancestry heterogeneity and outperforms existing LMM approaches, including EMMAX, GCTA, and GEMMA. We conduct a GWAS of white blood cell (WBC) count in an admixed sample of 3,551 Hispanic/Latino American women from the Women’s Health Initiative SNP Health Association Resource where LMM-OPS detects genome-wide significant associations with corresponding p-values that are one or more orders of magnitude smaller than those from competing LMM methods. We also identify a genome-wide significant association with regulatory variant rs2814778 in the DARC gene on chromosome 1, which generalizes to Hispanic/Latino Americans a previous association with reduced WBC count identified in African Americans.
The new heteropolyoxometalate compound (C6H8N)5[HAs2Mo6O26(H2O)]·3H2O: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
Authors: Harchani Ali , Trzybiński Damian , Pawlędzio Sylwia , Woźniak Krzysztof , Haddad Amor
Published: September 2018

A detailed description of the crystal structure and a Hirshfeld surface analysis of the new heteropolyoxometalate compound (C6H8N)5[HAs2Mo6O26(H2O)]·3H2O are reported. The title compound was synthesized using solution methods and its structure was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The investigated compound contains a new [HAs2Mo6O26(H2O)]5−polyanion and crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/c. The crystallographic analysis provided an understanding of the architecture and structural features of the complex crystal lattice and the Hirshfeld surface analysis shed more light on the intermolecular interactions occurring in the crystal.
How can Shakespeare’s iambic pentameter enable inclusion of and encourage participation of autistic pupils in a year 7 boy’s mainstream classroom?
Authors: Gurnett Jane Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to facilitate a greater understanding of verbal and non-verbal communication in an open space learning (OSL) environment. This is an exploration of the premise that by using Shakespeare’s iambic pentameter as a scaffolding for learners on the autism spectrum, a “safe place” can be accessed.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an action research model and following government guidelines, using common assessment framework analysing the findings using School’s assessment criteria model that is used for single exercises through to whole scheme of work: making–performing–evaluating (self-evaluation sheets/peer evaluation sheets/teacher evaluation).

Findings

There has been hypothesis that people with ASD may be more able to track their heart beats for longer than neurotypicals. Kimberly et al. (2015) suggest that empathetic abilities and emotional experiences in people with ASD can produce negative experiences, anxiety can occur and the interoceptive awareness and ability to positively relate to self can be caused to dislocate. The use of the rhythm of the heartbeat may aid communication skills in ASD learners.

Research limitations/implications

In the autistic learner, overload, caused by hypersensitivity/hyposensitivity, can also affect and be effected by environmental issues in OSL environment. The autistic learner can be deeply affected. Unlike a desk-based class there is nowhere to hide, no place of safety.

Practical implications

By trying to find a common ground where the autistic learners can realise their full capacity the use of the heartbeat iambic rhythm can, the author posits, impact on the autistic learners sense of self and confidence, aiding learning.

Social implications

As Hunter (2015) espouses, the heartbeat is a nurturing instrument. The author advocates that the heartbeat is also a unilateral marker that unifies a class/the environment at the same time as comforting the autistic learner.

Originality/value

There is an element in every being that has to be present from inception, the heartbeat, it is the first function an embryo performs. The heartbeat also produces a primal symbiotic interdependency in mother and child. It is a pure connection. The author posits that the replication of this pure function can comfort, reassure and foster communication. There is no empirical evidence, but research is currently taking place at the Nisonger Centre at the Ohio State University, where, under the leadership of Dr Marc J. Tasse, pilot workshops have taken place. The author also have no empirical evidence as to why the heartbeat is instrumental in helping the autistic learner to communicate. The author gives the conjecture in the paper.
Autism and dual immersion: sorting through the questions
Authors: Baker Diana , Roberson Audrey , Kim Hyejung
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The dual immersion (DI) model of bilingual education, which focuses on educating language-minority and majority students side by side using the two languages in roughly equal proportions, is gaining popularity. And yet, students with disabilities – even those who are already multilingual – are routinely steered away from such programs in favor of English-only special education options. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper explores the potential benefits and challenges associated with including multilingual students with autism in DI classrooms, beginning with an exploration of literature related to students with autism who are also multilingual learners (MLLs) (irrespective of educational placement), followed by a small body of literature on the inclusion of students with disabilities in general in DI programs, and finally an analysis of the characteristics of DI classrooms to extrapolate about the ways in which this environment might be both supportive of and challenging for students with autism.

Findings

The analysis reveals that DI programs are simultaneously well positioned (theoretically) and ill equipped (practically) to effectively support MLLs who are also on the autism spectrum.

Originality/value

In spite of mounting evidence that being multilingual may advantage children with autism, very little scholarship has even raised the question of whether students with autism might benefit from participation in bilingual programs where academic instruction is delivered in two languages (Beauchamp and MacLeod, 2017; Durán et al., 2016; Marinova-Todd et al., 2016; Seung et al., 2006). This paper identifies practical implications related to including students with autism in DI programs and suggests directions for future research.
Consumer-directed care and the relational triangle
Authors: Payne Graeme Edward , Fisher Greg
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Following a recent government initiated change to a consumer-directed care model across the Australian community aged care sector, the purpose of this paper is to explore frontline home support workers’ perceptions of relational changes with clients in power and subordination within the triadic relationship between employer, employee and client.

Design/methodology/approach

Contextual interviews were held with managers (n=4), coordinators (n=10) and semi-structured face-to-face interviews with support workers (n=17) in three organizations. Interview transcripts were analyzed.

Findings

Some workers did not perceive a power change in their relationships with clients. Others perceived minimal change but were concerned about the incoming client generation (baby boomers) that were more aware of their rights. Others felt subordinated to the client, perceived a loss of control or that felt treated like an employee of the client. Consistent with the philosophy of consumer-directed care, senior staff encouraged clients to treat workers in this way.

Research limitations/implications

Further research is recommended on worker and client perceptions of relationships within the context of a consumer or client focused model.

Practical implications

A clear and realistic understanding of the locus of power within a triadic relationship by all actors is important for positive workplace outcomes.

Social implications

The increasing ageing population makes it essential that workers’ relationships with clients and with their organization are unambiguous.

Originality/value

This study makes a contribution to theories about change and power transfer in the implementation of consumer-directed care through the perceptions of support workers. Examination of power and subordination transfer through the perceptions of the actors of rather than through the prism of organizational policy deepens the understanding of frontline service work and relationships.
Beyond customer experience models: identifying idiosyncratic perceptions
Authors: Gorgoglione Michele , Panniello Umberto
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that a deeper analysis of customer experience (CE) can identify idiosyncratic and critical perceptions in the experiences of groups of customers.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology that the authors used is made of three main steps: segmentation analysis, profiling and identification of idiosyncratic clusters’ profiles (i.e. those with a CE perception different respect to the whole sample) and among these idiosyncratic clusters, identification of those that may be critical for the business.

Findings

The authors identified clusters of customers showing significant differences in their perceived experience with respect to the holistic CE model. Nevertheless, a sample of bank managers assessed three cluster profiles among them to be critical signals a company. The identification of these idiosyncratic patterns provides managers with interesting additional insights that would be hidden in a holistic CE model.

Practical implications

Managers can gain valuable insights of CE from this analysis that should be added to those coming from an holistic CE model.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the scientific research in that it extends the knowledge about CE by showing how personal factors can be identified and how drawing additional managerial insights.
Towards an approach for monetary valuation of services
Authors: Hsiao Ming-Hsiung
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to suggest possible approach which can be applied to estimate the monetary value of the ancillary services in today’s multichannel environment where consumers tend to exhibit cross-channel purchase behavior across the online and offline.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts literature reviews to identify ancillary services and discuss their service paths across online and offline channels based on service-dominant logic. It then proposes discrete choice modeling approach with stated preference data to estimating the implicit value of services.

Findings

By examining consumer decision-making process, some ancillary services attached to the products/services that consumers target at are revealed and discussed. By applying the discrete choice modeling approach which have been widely applied in the marketing and transportation area to describe consumers’ multichannel choices, it is believed that the implicit value that consumers are willing to pay for having those ancillary services can be estimated.

Originality/value

Value is generally considered transitory, stochastic and multidimensional and understood imprecisely. Past research recognized the importance of value to the service industry, but failed to give it a widely accepted definition. Issues on the value of time, value of information and value of services have been widely discussed in the literature, but most of them remained unsolved. The approach proposed by this study to estimating the value of services seems practicable and is worth a further validation by empirical study.
Spanish and Swedish eldercare managers’ influence on employees
Authors: Nordin Maria , Romeo Marina , Yepes-Baldó Montserrat , Westerberg Kristina
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Hierarchical and flat organizational types are predominant in Spain and Sweden, respectively. To study how managers’ commitment and work overcommitment (WOC) affect employee well-being, and job perception in these different countries can shed insight on how to improve eldercare organization. The purpose of this paper was to study the association between eldercare employee exposure to managers’ commitment and WOC, and employee mental well-being and job perception and how these associations differed between Spain and Sweden.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire with validated questions on commitment, WOC, mental well-being and job perception, operationalized as the perception of quality of care and turnover intent, was sent out to eldercare managers and employees in Spain and Sweden. t-Tests, χ2 and linear regression were applied to study the associations and differences between the countries.

Findings

Interaction analyses revealed that Spanish employees’ mental well-being and job perception were influenced by their managers’ commitment and WOC in that manager commitment improved and WOC impaired well-being and job perception. However, the Swedish eldercare employees were not influenced by their managers on these parameters.

Practical implications

The impact of managerial commitment and WOC differed between employees in Spain and Sweden, possibly because the preconditions for leadership varied due to differences in organizational type.

Originality/value

This study compares the managers’ impact on employee health and job perception in two countries with different organizational prerequisites. Moreover, managers’ commitment and WOC were estimated by the managers themselves and did not rely on the employees’ perception, which improved ecological validity.
Attachment style, psychotic phenomena and the relationship with aggression: an investigation in a general population sample
Authors: Whale Katherine , Green Kathleen , Browne Kevin
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between attachment style, sub-clinical symptoms of psychosis and aggression in a general population sample.

Design/methodology/approach

Using both convenience and snowball sampling, participants in the community (n=213) completed an online questionnaire including previously validated measures of adult attachment, aggression and psychotic experiences.

Findings

Results suggested that there were statistically significant correlations between all study variables. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that total psychotic-like experiences and attachment scores significantly predicted variance in total aggression. Moderation approaches revealed that the relationship between psychotic-like events and aggression was stronger in individuals with more insecure attachment styles.

Research limitations/implications

This generalisability of the results is compromised by the sampling methodology and the use of self-report tools. However, the significant results would support larger scale replications investigating similar variables.

Originality/value

This study suggests there is a relationship between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and facets of aggression in the general population. These results suggest that attachment is a contributing factor to aggression associated with PLEs, and highlight the need for similar investigations within clinical samples. The results imply that attachment may be a useful construct for explanatory models of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, psychotic experiences and aggression.
Assumption, the mother of all foul ups: a fundamental reason for the continuing abuse of adults at risk
Authors: Moore Steve
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of the assumption of altruism argued by the author to be a tendency among both the lay public, professionals and politicians, a generalised assumption that contributes to the long standing and obstinate presence of abuse of adults who are at risk throughout England, particularly older people living in care and nursing homes.

Design/methodology/approach

By examining available figures that depict the continuing abuse of vulnerable adults, and by drawing on research, the author offers a partial explanation for the longevity of abuse in English society.

Findings

The paper demonstrates how the concept of the assumption of altruism can explain to a degree the apparent enduring levels of abuse of adults who are at risk.

Practical implications

The paper offers the opportunity for the reader to consider some of the fundamental, higher order reasons for the persistent levels of abuse in England, abuse that endures despite the oversight by government of care provided to adults who maybe at risk by virtue of the activities of the statutory regulator and health and social care commissioners.

Originality/value

By presenting the incontrovertible evidence of enduring abuse, the paper introduces the concept of the assumption of altruism as a partial explanation for its continuing occurrence despite decades of policy and practice guidance designed to overcome it.
Perceptions of teaching staff in human services about academic entitlement
Authors: Heffernan Kristin , Gates Trevor G.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore how perceived student entitlement influences the work experiences of a sample of teaching staff in human services, counselor education and social work.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the relationship between perceived academic entitlement and job-related affective well-being among teaching staff in social work, counseling and human services, a cross-sectional design was utilized. To be eligible for the study, participants must have been 18 years of age and currently employed as teaching staff in a human service program in the USA.

Findings

A convenience sample of 118 teaching staff demonstrated that negative well-being is correlated with perceptions of academic entitlement. It also revealed that teaching staff with a lower academic rank perceived their students to be more entitled, suggesting that pressures of working toward tenure may influence these professors’ behaviors making them more accommodating to students. Accommodating behavior may be driven by a need for favorable teaching evaluations but impacts the quality of education a student receives.

Originality/value

These data shed light on the relationship between perceived student academic entitlement and job-related affective well-being among human service teaching staff and consider how a shift in students’ expectations influences the behaviors of teaching staff.
Why do they do that? Motives and dimensions of family firms’ CSR engagement
Authors: Izzo Maria Federica , Ciaburri Mirella
Published: September 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the role of socioemotional wealth (SEW) in family firms’ (FFs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement and practices. The authors draw on the notion of “Socioemotional endowment” (Gomez-Mejiaet al., 2010), to interpret how the different dimensions of the FIBER model impact on the instrumental, moral or relational motives that push companies toward CSR.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop an integrated framework that analyzes motives of CSR practices (distinguishing between moral, instrumental and relational ones) and dimensions of FF’ SEW. The idea is that it is not possible to analyze the CSR attitude of FFs without distinguishing among the five dimensions of SEW (family control and influence; identification of family members with the firm; binding social ties; emotional attachment; and renewal of family bonds to the firm through dynastic succession).

Findings

The authors posit that FFs are particularly likely to engage in instrumental, moral or relational CSR practices depending on the FIBER dimension that they consider as primary reference point to achieve the goal of preserving SEW. In particular, out of the five FIBER dimensions, relational and instrumental motives appear to be more present in firms’ priority, when they deal with CSR activities.

Originality/value

Most of the literature on CSR and FFs concentrates on the differences between family and non-family firms (non-FFs) in approaching social responsible practices. Instead of debating whether FFs are more or less socially responsible than non-family organizations, the authors add to this literature by arguing that it is much more relevant to analyze which approach family firms (as an heterogeneous group) are more likely to adopt in relation to CSR. In so doing, they contribute to FFs studies on sustainability, by demonstrating that CSR engagement can be differently influenced and interpreted through the five dimensions of the FIBER model.
Sustainable tourism certification in the African hotel sector
Authors: Spenceley Anna
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the current status of certification and certified hotels on the African continent, and to discuss the implications for mainstreaming sustainable tourism on the continent.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design focused on a literature review and an online survey. The survey was used to consult stakeholders on options for incentives, and future interventions, which was distributed to 80 stakeholders from the government, certification bodies, intergovernmental agencies and NGOs. The survey resulted in 41 complete responses from 18 countries.

Findings

The study identified nine African certification programs, and nine international certification programs operating in Africa. Collectively, the African and international certification programs have certified at least 715 accommodation facilities in 19 African countries, against their environmental, social and economic criteria. So only a very small proportion of all hotels in Africa have been certified (certainly less than 3.4 per cent) and that these are patchily distributed across the continent. A number of incentives have been used in Africa, including marketing and promotion; interest free loans for new technologies; preferential inclusion in tour itineraries; free or discounted application processes; and technical support. Consultees suggested that hotels were generally motivated to seek certification to: promote their achievements to environmentally conscious clients and avoid negative criticism, and save money by conserving resources. However, hotels do not understand the financial benefits of sustainable practices.

Research limitations/implications

Research limitations include the modest sample size. For the purposes of this research, there was a greater emphasis in targeting a modest number of key respondents who could provide expert opinions on the topic, rather than a more extensive sample size of lower quality.

Practical implications

Practical implications include recommendations of incentives and approaches to mainstream tourism certification in Africa. These include promoting programmes and their returns on investment more broadly, promoting market advantage for certified accommodation (i.e. preferential marketing or concession terms) and the value of integrating sustainability criteria into national and regional quality-rating standards.

Originality/value

This is the first study of its kind to analyse certification on the African continent, which was presented at the Climate Change Summit (COP22) in Morocco in 2016 and the BEST EN Think Tank XVII in June 2017.
What justification is there for including the mass suicide of Jonestown as part of a Guyana dark tourism narrative in 2025?
Authors: Sinclair Donald
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The Jonestown massacre of 1978 was the largest such event in modern history; it assumes the status of a prototype in many discussions of cult dynamics and mass suicide. This paper aims to make the case that Jonestown should be memorialised and made into a dark tourism attraction.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is principally the outcome of secondary research conducted over a number of years on the theme of dark tourism. The paper also benefited from direct interviews and conversations with political and ex-military personnel in Guyana who were in some way involved with Jonestown.

Findings

The research establishes that Jonestown remains a matter of great sensitivity and even national embarrassment, with many in the tourism sector reluctant to highlight what they regard as a very negative association, in the market, of Guyana with Jonestown and Jonestown only.

Practical implications

Expressed in context, the paper discusses the place of Jonestown in dark tourism and proposes an operational formula by which the semiotic of Jonestown, as contained in the tourist narrative, transforms tourism into catharsis.

Originality/value

For the author, Jonestown is tourism-imperative because not much longer after that apocalyptic event, the “Jonestown massacre” became a reference in the discourse on dark tourism. Jonestown is too large and archetypal an event to escape research and discussion of its place in the realm of dark tourism. This paper therefore explores, from both theoretical and policy perspectives, the ways in which the narratives of dark tourism can serve to expiate guilt by confronting it and therefore still deserve a place in the tourism imaginary of 2025. As such, the paper should be of value to not only scholars and researchers but also those engaged in tourism planning and destination management.