bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES BASED ON THE TEST DATA SORTING TASK
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Volkov Vladislav D. , Klimenko Anna B. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study is to compare the efficiency of popular programming languages using the time characteristics of sorting algorithms as an example. Sorting algorithms were chosen due to the high frequency of their use as auxiliary algorithms in solving various problems, for example, in the implementation of binary search. Since sorting algorithms are labor-intensive, the speed of their implementation, in turn, is critical for evaluating the effectiveness of many projects, as well as when evaluating the choice of one or another programming language. The present article is a comparison in the time characteristics of the implementation of common sorting algorithms in various high-level programming languages. The results of the experimental study allow drawing conclusions about the expediency of using certain programming languages in the problems of sorting implementation, depending on the existing time constraints. The running time of sorts in most programming languages is highly dependent on the way the problem is solved, and different ways may be more efficient in different languages, and some solutions that seem very effective at first glance can lead to an unexpected slowdown of the program. At the same time, the Lisp and Lua programming languages optimize the code qualitatively and allow achieving the maximum speed.
Glass Production and Use in Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt and Anatolia
Authors: KAHVECİ Gürkan , PEKŞEN Okay
Published: October 2023

Ancient societies and states used rare and skilled materials and products, placing them in highly valuable positions. Glass, which is thought to have been first produced in Ancient Mesopotamia, was highly prized and held in important positions in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Anatolia due to its difficulty in production and rarity. In the initial stages, glass emerged in various product models such as glass beads, glass bowls, glass vases, and glass bottles. Although studies have shown that the use of glass was widespread throughout Ancient Mesopotamian society, it was understood that the products with high glass content were mainly used by the high-class people. In Ancient Egyptian society, glass was considered a product for people of high class. In the civilizations of Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, the state monopolized the production activities, export and import of glass by the dynasty. Glass was also exchanged as gifts between states. When we look at the ancient Anatolian geography, it is understood that glass production started in a later period compared to Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, and its role in society is not fully known.
Model Penawaran Dan Permintaan Bawang Putih Indonesia: Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik
Authors: Adila Jihan Zakia , Kilat Adhi Andriyono , Nurmalina Rita
Published: October 2023

There is a reasonably high gap between the ability to supply garlic and demand that requires the government to carry out a garlic import policy to meet domestic needs. The high dependency on imported garlic supplies has caused garlic imports to increase.  This study aims to analyze the supply and demand model for garlic and formulate policy recommendations regarding the supply and demand for Indonesian garlic using system dynamics model approach. The model in this study is simulated for the next 12 years (2022-2033). Based on the model simulation results, in the base conditions (before the scenario was implemented), the behavior pattern of garlic availability was goal-seeking. At the same time, demand had an exponential growth behavior pattern, and supply had an increasing trend. In 2033, it is estimated that the availability of garlic will experience a deficit, and garlic production and total farmers' income will continue to decline. Therefore, policies are needed to increase garlic farmers' availability, production, and total income in Indonesia through several policy scenarios. The policy scenario with the best results is a combination of an increase in area, productivity, and the realization of mandatory planting by importers because it can produce the highest availability and production of garlic compared to other scenarios. The most sensitive variable to the availability of Indonesian garlic is mandatory planting. Each increase in the realization of mandatory planting by importers by 10 percent can increase the availability of Indonesian garlic by 4.7 percent.
Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Ditinjau dari Konsep Diri dan Minat Belajar Siswa SMP Swasta Tangerang
Authors: Astuti Lin Suciani , Hikmah Rezkiyana
Published: October 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsep diri dan minat belajar terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu angket konsep diri dan minat belajar sedangkan pengukuran penguasaan konsep berdasarkan soa-soal matematika di buat di google form karena penyebarannya secara online. Analisis data pengujian yang digunakan adalah Regresi Ganda. Hasil analisis data penelitian membuktikan bahwa : (1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan konsep diri dan minat belajar secara bersama-sama terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika, hal ini dibuktikan oleh nilai Fhitung = 19,104  > Ftabel dan nilai Sig = 0,000 < 0,05; (2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan konsep diri terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika, hal ini  diperlihatkan dari hasil perhitungan yang menunjukkan nilai thitung = 4,748 dan sig = 0,000, lebih kecil dibandingkan 0,05. (3) Minat belajar memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika. Hal ini diperlihatkan dari hasil perhitungan yang menunjukkan nilai thitung = 3,690 dan sig = 0,000, lebih kecil dibandingkan 0,05. Walaupun jika dibandingkan dengan konsep diri, minat belajar nilai t hitungnya nya lebih kecil. Sehingga konsep diri lebih berpengaruh besar terhadap pemahaman konsep matematika daripada minat belajar.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Matematika Berbantuan Geogebra Pada Materi Transformasi Geometri
Authors: Handayani Irma Meirawati , Sulisworo Dwi
Published: October 2023

Teknologi Informasi sangat mendukung proses belajar mengajar  dalam pembelajaran matematika, namun pada kenyataannya dalam kegiatan pembelajaran masih  sedikit guru yang memanfaatkan TIK, padahal jika guru menggunakan TIK dalam proses pembelajaran  dapat membantu peserta didik dan guru tersebut dalam pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh multimedia pembelajaran matematika berbantuan aplikasi Geogebra terhadap  pemahaman konsep peserta didik pada materi transformasi geometri dengan model Discovery. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Research and Development (R&D), mengacu pada model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP VIP  Al-Huda Kebumen kelas IXA. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket respon online peserta didik, angket  respon online guru dan tes hasil belajar peserta didik. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba penggunaan aplikasi Geogebra dalam pembelajaran transformasi geometri, dari seluruh aspek pernyataan dari angket respon  peserta didik dan respon guru diperoleh persentase rata-rata respon adalah 89,7%, begitu juga dengan  tes hasil belajar peserta didik yang sudah mencapai KKM (kriteria ketuntasan minimal). Dengan demikian tingginya persentase respon peserta didik dan hasil belajarnya membuktikan bahwa  penggunaan aplikasi Geogebra dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep peserta didik dalam  pembelajaran transformasi geometri berbasis discovery learning, Implikasinya jika dalam setiap pembelajaran menggunakan  media yang tepat maka akan meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik dan meningkatkan prestasi belajarnya.
ETNOMATEMATIKA TARI ANDUN PADA BUDAYA MASYARAKAT SUKU SERAWAI DI KABUPATEN SELUMA PROVINSI BENGKULU
Authors: Lestari Amelia , Saltifa Poni
Published: October 2023

Matematika merupakan ilmu dasar dari semua ilmu, baik penalaran maupun ekspresinya berperan penting dalam penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan budaya. Etnomatematika adalah pembelajaran matematika dengan bentuk pembelajaran yang berhubungan dengan bahasa, simbol, kode, benda, kebiasaan, seni, atau apapun yang ada dalam budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep Matematika yang di aplikasikan dan di kembangkan pada budaya Tari Adat (Andun) masyarakat suku Serawai di Kabupaten Seluma Provinsi Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan sumber data diperoleh dari observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara yang berkaitan dengan Tari Andun Suku Serawai Kabupaten Seluma, penelitian ini dilakukan di Tais Kabupaten Seluma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, konsep matematika yang ada pada Budaya Tari Andun meliputi, bentuk sudut dan bangun datar, sudut siku-siku dengan nilai sudut 90°, sudut tumpul dengan nilai sudut 90<180°, sudut lancip dengan nilai sudut kurang dari 90°, sedangkan bentuk bangun datar ada persegi, persegi panjang, dan lingkaran.
ANALISIS PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS SISWA PADA MATERI STATISTIKA KELAS X
Authors: Ramadoni Ramadoni , Alhafizh Arief
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis kesulitan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa pada materi statistika. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini merupakan seluruh siswa kelas X DPIB 1 SMk Negeri 5 Padang yang terdaftar pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah kuota yang diinginkan sebanyak 20 siswa pada kelas X. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan tes dalam bentuk soal uraian sebanyak 4 butir soal yang keseluruhan mencangkup indikator kesulitan pemahaman konsep matematis yaitu dekomposisi, pengenalan pola, abstraksi, dan berpikir alogaritma. Dari hasil analisis yang diperoleh nilai rata-rata dari 20 siswa sebesar 38,75% dengan nilai minimum sebesar 0 dan nilai maksimum sebesar 100. Kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa dapat dikategorikan menjadi 5 kategori yaitu pada kategori sangat baik dengan presentase 10%, kategori baik dengan presentase 15%, kategori cukup dengan presentase 15%, kategori rendah dengan presentase 25%, dan pada kategori sangat rendah dengan presentase 35%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswa mengalami kesulitan pemahaman konsep sebesar 60%
Sinergitas Guru PAI dengan Orang Tua Siswa dalam Penanaman Akhlak di MTs Muhammadiyah 5 Bawean Gresik
Authors: Devy Restisiyah Septa Ichma , Rahim Fathor , Maknin Nur Afifah Khurin
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk sinergitas guru PAI dengan orang tua dalam mengatasi hambatan yang dihadapi dalam menanamkan akhlak siswa di MTs Muhammadiyah 5 Bawean Gresik. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya dalam analisis data, peneliti menggunakan tiga tahap, yaitu, redukasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Kemudian hasil penelitian ini terdapat beberapa bentuk sinergitas guru PAI dengan orang tua siswa dalam penanaman akhlak di sekolah MTs Muhammadiyah 5 Bawean Gresik yaitu terdiri dari: 1. Akhlak sosial yang di antaranya ada koordinasi dan konsultasi, pertemuan guru dengan orang tua pada saat kegiatan MPLS (masa pengenalan lingkungan sekolah), , program penghijauan dan pelestarian lingkungan, program pertemuan rutin bersama wali murid melakukan komunikasi melalui sosial media, kunjungan kerumah siswa, surat menyurat antar sekolah dan orang tua, dan menerima kritik dan saran. 2. Akhlak personal, yang di antaranya ada pengontrolan ibadah anak melalui buku catatan, pembiasaan sholat dhuha berjama’ah, membatasi durasi penggunaan HP dan elektronik lainnya.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Kirigami Terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Halus dan Kreativitas Anak Kelompok B di TK Gugus 1 Kecamatan Selaparang Tahun 2023
Authors: Rahayu Nafa Alfionita , Tahir Muhammad , Astini Baik Nilawati , Astawa I Made Suwasa
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurang bervariasinya kegiatan pembelajaran yang ada di beberapa TK Gugus 1 Kecamatan Selaparang. Kegiatan kirigami adalah salah satu kegiatan yang dapat menstimulasi kemampuan motorik halus dan kreativitas pada anak. Kegiatan kirigami dapat dilakukan dengan melipat kertas, membuat pola, menggunting pola untuk menghasilkan bentuk yang diinginkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari kegiatan kirigami terhadap kemampuan motorik halus dan kreativitas pada anak kelompok B. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan bentuk quasi eksperimental posttest only control group design. Data yang dihasilkan berupa data dengan sampel penelitian yang difokuskan di dua sekolah yakni, TK Adhyaksa 23 Mataram dan TK Sandat Kuning Mataram. Sampel ditentukan dengan teknik probability sampling. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikan data kemampuan motorik halus dan data kreativitas anak. Selain analisis deskriptif, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis inferensial dengan multivariat analysis of varians (MANOVA) untuk menjelaskan kaitan antara variabel dalam penelitian. Berdasarkan uji multivariat diperoleh sig. 0,000. Mengacu pada dasar pengambilan keputusan bahwa 0,000  0,05, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh kegiatan kirigami terhadap kemampuan motorik halus dan kreativitas anak kelompok B di kelas eksperimen yang diberikan perlakuan menggunakan kegiatan kirigami.
Kajian Mengenai Kandungan Kolesterol Telur Itik Yang Diperdagangkan Di Beberapa Pasar Induk, Kota Mataram
Authors: Haryani Ni Ketut Dewi , Jaya I Nyoman Sukartha , Binetra Tjokorda Suwhendra
Published: October 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari data dasar dari kandungan kolesterol telur itik yang diperdagangkan di beberapa pasar induk yang ada di Kota Mataram. Sampel (telur itik) akan diambil dari peternak itik yang mensuplai ke pasar-pasar induk di kota Mataram. Penentuan sampel berdasarkan jumlah peternak yang terbanyak mensuplai ke pasar-pasar induk di kota Mataram. Analisa kadar total kolesterol telur itik dilakukan dengan metode ekstrak ether dan selanjutnya dengan prosedur CHOD-PAP (Cholesterol Oksidase Para Amino Penazone) atau test warna enzimatik. Data yang telah terkumpul, ditabulasi dan selanjutnya akan dijelaskan secara deskriptif dan kuantitatif, sehingga kesimpulan yang didapat nantinya adalah daerah mana yang tinggi dan daerah mana yang rendah kandungan kolesterol telur itiknya. Penelitian ini hanya terfokus pada kandungan total kolesterol telur itik yang diperdagangkan di beberapa pasar induk di wilayah kota Mataram, sehingga target luaran dari hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukan dalam upaya ketahanan pangan daerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan total kolesterol telur itik yang dijual di pasar induk Cakranegara lebih rendah (481 mg/dl) dari pada yang dijual di pasar induk Kebonroek (501 mg/dl). Peternak-peternak yang mensuplai telur itik ke pasar induk Cakranegara telah/sudah lama melakukan terobosan-terobosan dengan melakukan inovasi-inovasi dalam pakan itik dengan tujuan untuk menurunkan total kolesterol telur itik.
Performans Ayam Broiler yang Diberikan Ransum Berbasis Jagung Fermentasi
Authors: Susanti Fitriyani , Ichsan Muhammad , Haryani Ni Ketut Dewi
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performans ayam broiler yang diberikan ransum berbasis jagung fermentasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kekalik Gerisak, Jalan Swakarsa No. 22 Mataram pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Agustus 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan 120 ekor ayam broiler strain MB 202. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan. Keempat perlakuan tersebut adalah P0 (Pakan komersial broiler); P1 (Konsentrat 56 persen + jagung yang tidak difermentasi 44 persen); P2 (Konsentrat 54 persen + jagung fermentasi dengan probiotik Bacillus sp. 46 persen); P3 (Konsentrat 55 persen + jagung fermentasi dengan probiotik Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 45 persen). Masingâ€“masing perlakuan terdiri dari lima ulangan setiap ulangan terdapat 6 ekor ayam. Indikator yang diamati yaitu konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian jagung yang difermentasi dengan menggunakan probiotik Bacillus sp. dan Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, menunjukkan pengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, tetapi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi pakan. Penggunaan jagung fermentasi dengan menggunakan probiotik Bacillus sp (P2) meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan dan menurunkan konversi pakan. Penggunaan probiotik Bacillus sp. (P2) lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penggunaan probiotik Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (P3) terhadap pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi pakan.
Homonim Bahasa Manggarai Dialek Biring Pada Masyarakat Kenari Desa Warloka Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Umrah Siti , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Paridi Khairul
Published: October 2023

Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakan bentuk dan makna Bahasa Manggarai Dialek Biring Pada Masyarakat Kenari Desa Warloka Nus Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mendeskripsikan bentuk dan makna kata berhomonim Bahasa Manggarai Dialek Biring Pada Masyarakat Kenari Desa Warloka Nusa Tenggara Timur. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode teknik simak bebas libat cakap, teknik catat dan teknik rekam. Teori yang digunakan teori semantik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di temukan 13 kata Bahasa Manggarai dialek Biring dalam komunikasi sehari-hari diantaranya: runing/bunyi dan runimg/suruh, Leso/matahari dan leso/hari, rona/suami dan rona/laki-laki, cau/suka dan cau/pegang, tawa/tertawa dan tawa,turun, mendo/hamil dan mendo,berat, cai/siapa dan cai/sampai, lege/menuangkan dan lege/geser, asi/berhenti dan asi/jangan, hang/nasi dan hang/makan, manuk/ayam dan manuk/ingat, duang/tambah dan duang/punggung, dan titi/angkat dan titi/berangkat.
Herbicide Resistance and Its Management Strategies - A Review
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India - 641 003., S Manibharathi
Published: October 2023

Due to their improved effectiveness and ability to save time, herbicides are the most widely used and effective weed control methods. However, prolonged use of herbicides brought about several issues, including environmental risks, shift weed in shift flora, and weed resistance. Herbicide resistance is one of the most significant issues worldwide today, out of all of these issues. The use of herbicides with extensive residual periods and a lack of rotation of the herbicide are the primary causes of herbicide resistance. Herbicide resistance is a global occurrence, and the number of resistant weed biotypes is alarmingly growing. In 252 plant species, there are already 480 occurrences of herbicide resistance. Weed herbicide resistance should be reduced since it is a significant barrier to food security. We could more effectively handle it if we thoroughly understood resistance development. Integrated weed management techniques, such as crop and herbicide rotations, herbicide combinations, and cultural, mechanical, and biological methods of weed control, can control the herbicide resistance problem
Study of Variation in Yield and Yield Components between Varieties of Hybrid Maize
Authors:   Department of Plant of Physiology College of Agriculture , Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005., B.B SINGH
Published: October 2023

In India, Indian Council of Agricultural Research has started a co-ordinated maize breeding scheme with the collaboration of Rocke- feller Foundation in the year 1957. Since then a number of hybrid-maize varieties have been evolved and now released to farmers for cultivation. Investigations carried out in different parts of the country clearly indicate the superiority of hybrids over the local variety ranging from 31 to 173% (Dhawan et al, 1961; Nezamuddin et al, 1963 and Singh et al, 1966). In order to evaluate the performance of four maize hybrids, viz., Ganga hybrid Makka 101, Ganga hybrid Makka-3, Ganga hybrid Makka-2 and Deccan hybrid Makka, an yield trial was conducted at the College of Agri- culture, Banaras Hindu University during summer and rainy seasons for three years consecutively from 1965 to 1968.
An Assessment of Impact of Cropping Pattern on Agricultural Output in Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Agricultural Economist, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, V RAJAGOPALAN , R SRINIVASAN ,   Statistical Assitant Agricultural Economist, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, R MUNIRAJ ,   Research Assitant Agricultural Economist, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

For purposes of national policy programming agricultural development, it would perhaps be useful to understand the dynamic changes that are taking place in the cropping pattern of the country, thereby assessing the trends in production of different agricultural commodities. The problem of studying the dynamic behaviour of crop mix and therefore output mix for one country with its varying agro-climatic regions and a variety of crops being raised in different regions is complex and bristled with many difficulties such as lack of relevant region-wise data. The present study was therefore, confined to Tamil Nadu.
High Yielding Groundnut Bunch Cultures with Seed Dormancy
Authors:   Oilseed Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, S VARISAI MUHAMMAD , N RAMACHANDRAN ,   Assitant Oilseed Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, T RAMANATHAN ,   Assitant Oilseeds Research Station,TNAU, Tindivanam 604 002 Tamilnadu
Published: October 2023

Bunch variety of groundnut is non-dormant in nature and pods sprout in the field if wet weather prevails at the time of maturity. Seed dormancy in groundnut is governed by multiple factors (John et al., 1948). As result a of hybridisation work a partially dormant selection, 'A. h. 6481 (progeny of a cross between 'Gudiyatham Bunch' and 'Native Tanganyika') was evolved in Madras State (Seshadri, 1962). Recently a new bunch strain TMV7 was evolved by pureline selection from "Tennessee White" variety which has seed dormancy besides high yield (Varisai Muhammad et al., unpubl.). Certain promising hybrids were isolated by Ramachandran et al (1967) which possess seed dormancy and this character was observed to be partially dominant over non-dormancy. Six out of 206 bunch varieties maintained at Bhavanisagar possess high degree of dormancy (Varisai Muhammad and Stephen Durairai, 1968). High yielding bunch cultures which have seed dormancy were evolved by hybridisation at the Regional Research Station, Tindivanam. An account of the yield performance, dormancy and economic attributes of the promising cultures is presented in this paper.
Flowering Pattern and Reproductive Efficiency in Bunch Varieties of Arachis hypogaea L.
Authors:   Oilseed Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, S VARISAI MUHAMMAD , M STEPHEN DORAIRAJ ,   Assitant Oilseed Specialist,Castor Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Salem 636001
Published: October 2023

The study on the flowering pattern and productive efficiency was undertaken to bring out the different patterns of flowering and their influence on reproductive efficiency by utilising the availability of large number of bunch varieties of groundnut at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar.
A Critical Study on the Comparative Performance of Dwarf Cavendish and Robusta in the Palar Basin of North Arcot District in Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Banana Research Officer, C.M BHAKTHAVATHSALU , P MANICKAVASAGAM ,   Research Assitant Centre, Banana Research Station,Aduthurai, S SATHIAMOORTHY ,   Research Assitant Centre, Banana Research Station,Aduthurai, T.T KALIAPERUMAL ,   Research Assitant Centre, Banana Research Station,Aduthurai
Published: October 2023

In banana the leading clones in world trade are Gros Michel, Lacatan, Robusta, Dwarf Cavendish and to lesser extent Lady's Finger (Virupakshi) in Australia. Of bananas entering the export trade, about 63% is Gros Michel and 35% is Cavendish bananas. In recent years, the area under Gros Michel has gone down considerably due to its suscepti- bility to Panama disease. The clone Gros Michel is now tending to be replaced by Cavendish clones, especially Robusta due to its immunity to Panama disease. Cavendish clones, especially Dwarf Cavendish are being cultivated in Tamil Nadu for a long time. A high yielding mutant of Dwarf Cavendish known as Robusta was spotted and developed by the Central Banana Research Station, Aduthurai. In view of our export prospects of Robusta this clone was selected for popularisation in the Dwarf Cavendish belt of North Arcot situated in the Palar basin. The Comparative performance of these two clones are presented in the paper.
Salinity Effect on the Germination and Early Vigour of Five Sorghum Varieties
Authors:   Reader in Agronomy Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, R KALIAPPAN , A RAJAGOPAL ,   Fundamental Research Assitant,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The degree of saline tolerance of crops varies with species and varieties. Germination being a critical stage of plant growth, many investigators reported retardation in germination and growth of seedlings due to higher salinity levels. The varietal difference in saline tolerance will be a useful source of selection of tolerant varieties. Sorghum has been classified as a medium tolerant crop to salinity (Richards, 1954). Yet, only a meagre knowledge is available on the salt tolerance of South Indian Sorghum varieties. The present study is devoted to an investigation on the response of fivevarieties of sorghum to salinity in the early stage.
ACRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY AND SOIL SCIENCE Study of the Influence of Non-Sucrosic Material on Sugar Recovery from Sugarcane Juice
Authors:   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, P RENGASAMY , V RANGANATHAN ,   Assitant Soil Chemist, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, S VARADARAJAN ,   Agricultural Chemist and Associate Professor of Soil Science, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

The present study was undertaken on the basis of the report that the sugar recovery at Amaravathy Co-operative Sugar Mills Ltd., Krishnapuram was low when compared to the other factories in Tamil Nadu. Even a small increase in recovery would consequently increase the production of sugar to a considerable extent.
Soil Fertility Studies in Tamil Nadu Using Radio-tracer Technique-III. Utilisation of Superphosphate Applied to Paddy through a Preceding Green Manure Crop
Authors:   Soil Chemist ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003, S VENKATACHALAM , C.P NATARAJAN ,   Radiological Safety Officer,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003, S PREMANATHAN ,   Research Assitant Radio tope Section,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003, K KUMARASWAMY ,   Research Assitant Radio tope Section,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

Radio-tracer studies have shown that only 10-20% of the phosphate applied as fertilizer is utilised by crops. With reference to paddy the application of phosphate through a preceding green manure crop has been considered of some value. Sen and Sunder Rao (1952) reported that in Bihar, phosphate manuring of daincha for green manuring paddy showed marked increase in yields of both green manure and paddy crop. In Mysore, sunnhemp in conjunction with superphosphate gave marked increases in yields of both green manure and succeeding paddy. Relwani and Ganguli (1959) working on Punjab soils have reported no beneficial effects due to application of phosphate through a green manure for paddy. Work done at Coimbatore during 1954-57 (Anon, 1954-55, 1955-56, 1956-57) did not show any beneficial effect of indirect application over direct application of phosphate for improving the paddy yields. The variations in results in these experiments have been attributed to the differences in the phosphorus fertility status of the soils. No evidence is available with reference to the utilisation of the applied phosphate under the direct and indirect methods of application of phosphate. This study, therefore, aims at finding out the efficiency of the superphosphate utilisation by the paddy crop under the direct and indirect methods, using radio-tracer technique.
Studies on Fixation and Availability of Phosphorus in the Alkaline Soils of Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Technical Assitant Agromore Ltd Bangalore 26, S KUMARASAMY , A DHANAPALAN MOSI ,   Reader in Soil Science Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

In most cases, the phosphorus level of soils is too low to sustain a good crop. This necessitates a regular practice of phosphorus fertilization. However, this does not solve the problem completely because the phosphorus is rendered unavailable in several ways under different condittions in soils. The present study was taken up with the object to study the important physical and chemical constituents of soils, having a bearing on the fixation and availability of phosphorus in alkaline soils and also to observe the progressive changes in the availability of phosphorus with time following the addition of different doses of fertilizer phosphorus in the soils.
Studies of Seed Borne Fungi I. Effect of Seed Treatment on sorghum Seeds in Storage
Authors:   Assitant Mycologist ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003, A VENKATA RAO , G THANGAMANI ,   Assitant Mycologist ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003, G MUTHUSWAMY ,   Assitant Mycology ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003, C.V GOVINDASWAMY ,   Professor of Plant Pathology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641 003
Published: October 2023

Seed deterioration due to various seed borne microflora is a common feature under faulty conditions of storage leading to loss of seed viability. The effect of seed treatment prior to storage appeared to offer a certain amount of protection during storage. Examination of various seed samples of sorghum revealed the frequent occurrence of many fungi. Hence studies on the effect of different fungicides on sorghum seeds in storage were conducted. The results of this study are presented in this paper.
Studies on the Application of Organic and Inorganic Forms of Phosphorus in Paddy Culture-II-Variation in Organic Carbon and Available Nitrogen Status
Authors:   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, PERUMAL RANI , L.Md GHOUSE ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, N GURUSWAMY ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, A RAJAMANNAR ,   Assitant in Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

The chemical study of submerged soil is of great importance and its practical significance hardly needs any emphasis. Much work has been done on the decomposition of green manure in paddy soils (Acharya, 1935; Tenny Waksman, 1930 and Harrison and Aiyer, 1916). However, the N regime under water-logged condition characteristic of the virtual absence of nitrates and accumulation of ammoniacal N has not been fully worked out and particularly under condition of application of organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus.
Sexual Behaviour and Sex Determination of Cotton Grey Weevil, Myllocerus Maculosus Desh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors:   Assitant Entomology College of  Agriculture  University of Udaipur, Y.D PANDE , K.L KAMAT ,   Assitant Entomology College of  Agriculture  University of Udaipur
Published: October 2023

Myllocerus maculosus Desb. commonly known as cotton grey weevil is economically an important species pre-occupied in the literature as a minor pest of cotton, maize. arhar (Cajanus cajan), sugarcane, mango, apple, pomegranate, lady's finger etc. Recently it has been observed causing serious damage to bajra (Pennisetum typhoides), a very important cereal crop of Rajasthan. Although the preliminary work has been carried out on the biology and control of this pest by Trehan (1929) and Rahman (1940 a & b), so far estimation of population and its dynamics has not been studied. It is apparent that the lack of information for sex determination is a prohibiting factor for such studies. Present studies, therefore, should prove a great asset for those who are engaged in forecasting the pest outbreaks, studying the population dynamics and other related studies of this nature.
P. Distribution in Black and Red Soils of U. P.
Authors:   Assitant professor,Agricultural Chemistry Section, Dept of Chemistry University of  Allahabad, S.G MISRA , S.K OJHA ,   Senior Research Fellow of C.S.R.I
Published: October 2023

Large tracts of red and black soils occur towards the South-east region of U. P. in Vindhyan range. As the demand for more food is increasing, these soil areas will have to be put under plough and in order to get more yield per acre a definite manuring schedule will have to be adopted. Before phosphate can be added to these soils, it will be necessary to have a first hand knowledge regarding phosphorus potentialities of these soils. Phosphorus exists in combination with Ca, Fe, Al and organic fraction of soils. Accordingly such forms as Ca-P, Fe-P, Al-P and organic bound P have been differentiated. For chemical characterization of soil phosphorus, a fractionation of soil phosphorus is necessary because the chemical nature of each form of soil phosphorus is a factor which determines their relative effectiveness for crop growth.
CO 2, CO 3, CO 4 and CO 5, the Four Economic Strains of "Garden Lab Lab" (Lab Lab niger var. typicus)
Authors:   Assitant Pulses Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 3, V.K KUNJAMMA HRISHI , V.P.A RAJASEKARAN ,   Assitant Pulses , Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 3
Published: October 2023

In Lab Lab niger (Dolichos Lab Lab), a highly self-fertilised crop, two cultivated varieties exist namely variety typicus, popularly known as "kitchen garden lab lab" or "avarai" and variety lignosus, popularly known as the "field lab lab" or "mochai". Both are grown for distinct purposes under different cultural practices. The variety lignosus has strong and characteristic smell due to presence of oil glands. Its pods are tough and unpalatable while the seeds are used as pulse. The variety typiens has no oily flavour and its pods are fleshy with soft texrure (Rangasamy Ayyangar and Nambiar. 1935). Some of them are very soft and shrink considerably on drying. The tender pods are very much relished and used as vegetable. Pureline breeding was resorted to for evolving promising economic selections in the variety typicus (kitchen garden lab lab)
C0 1 Tomato-An Improved Strain Suited to Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Vegetable Specialist Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641003, S KAMALANATHAN , S SUNDARARAJAN , S THAMBURAJ ,   Research Assitant Vegetable Section, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641003, K VENKATARAMAN ,   Assitant in Millets Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

Tomato which ranks among the world's largest crops, though next only to potato and sweet potato in area and production, is grown in India only to a limited extent. According to Choudhury (1967), the area under tomato in India is estimated to be a little more than 36,000 ha. Tomato is grown in Tamil Nadu in an area of about 2,000 ha. The strains of tomato evolved in the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi and non- descript local varieties have been so far grown in Tamil Nadu. On account of the importance of tomato as a protective food, and the possibility of its wide cultivation and lending itself for making a wide variety of preserved foods, it is necessary that strains suited to varying agro-climatic conditions are evolved and released for general cultivation. With this end in view, work was undertaken in the Vegetable Section of the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore to evolve a strain of tomato which would surpass the existing strains under cultivation in the State, in both yield and quality.
Study of East Coast Laterite Soils of Tamil Nadu II. Physical Properties (Profile Soil Samples)
Authors:   Assitant Manager Food Corporation of India Thanjavur, P PILLAIYAR , D DURAIRAJ ,   Professor of Soil Science, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The productive capacity of any soil is directly related to its physical properties. The profile development, degree of erosion, eluviation, illuviation, pan formation, moisture retentivity and aeration can be examined from the point of view of crop growth by studying the physical characteristics of the profile. The laterite soil has advanced to a stage of weathering where the finer particles are reconstituted, with the formation of concretions and gravels rich in sesquioxides, which considerably alter the physical conditions governing water movement. In the present paper an attempt has been made to study in detail, the physical properties of East Coast laterite profile samples.
Double Cropping and Development of ADT 27 Paddy in Thanjavur District (Tamil Nadu)
Authors:   Retired Joint Director, Agricultural College Madras, M MUKUNDAN
Published: October 2023

The challenge of stepping up agricultural production was indeed accepted by the Tamil Nadu Agriculture Department as a developmental programme despite a variety of age old hurdles.. "Intensive cultivation", "conversion of single crop into double crop." and "extending area" were but a few favourite phrases which found their place in various plans dating back to "Grow more Food Campaign" in India. But the fact has remained that in Thanjavur District, the "rice bowl of Tamil Nadu" notwithstanding intensive propaganda for double-cropping, the area remained static at the level of three lakh acres out of a net area of 12 lakhs till 1967 kuruvai season. An attempt is made in this paper to highlight the different aspects and the methods employed as also the related factors that could be intimately associated with the success in the Developmental Project.
Studies on the Breeding Behaviour of Interspecific Hybrid Derivatives in the Genus Arachis L.
Authors:   Assitant Oilseed Regional Research Station Tindivanam, T RAMANATHAN , B.W.X PONNAIYA ,   Formerly Professor and Reader Cylogeneticits and Plant Breeding,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, V.S RAMAN ,   Formerly Professor and Reader Cylogeneticits and Plant Breeding,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

Improvement of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) has so far been confined to the exploitation of the natural genetic variability in the cultivated species. The existing variability being limited, the breeder has to resort to hybridization. The wild relatives of A. hypogaea possess desirable features such as resistance to drought, pests and diseases besides high pod to kernel ratio. The breeding behaviour of three populations of interspecific hybrids was studied and presented in this paper.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrition in Relation to the Growth and Chemical Composition of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.)
Authors:   Dept of Horticulture J.N Agriculture University Jobalpur M.P, S.S SHRIVASTAVA
Published: October 2023

Useful growth responses in plants had been obtained by the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and pottassium. Inone and Fukunaga (1957) obtained best results in figs under sand culture studies when N, P and K were supplied at 80:40:40 ppm, respectively. Chemical composition of the leaves of many plants had also been reported to be altered by the application of these elements. Increasing the level of N in the experiment with the pineapple was associated with the increase N content and decrease in P and K contents in the leaves (Su, 1957). Potassium when supplied in culture media was found to be effective in increasing the N, P and K contents in the leaves of pineapple (Sideris and Young, 1945-46). In India, no systematic work has been done so far regarding the effect of N, P and K nutrition on pineapple. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to analyse their effect in terms of growth and chemical composition on pineapple under sand nutrient culture.
Influence of Modes of Fertilizer Application on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Paddy Grain and Straw
Authors:   Assitant Lecturer in Chemistry ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003, M CHANDRASEKARAN , D RAJ ,   Professor of Soil Science, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

An attempt was made to study the influence of single, double and triple split applications of N, P and K on the uptake of these nutrients by paddy grain and straw and also its effect on paddy yield, in three representative paddy soils from Tamil Nadu, viz., clay loam and sandy loam, collected from Coimbatore, Sirugamani and Tirurkuppam respectively.
Effect of Rainfed and Irrigated Conditions on the Yield of Indigenous and Exotic Varieties of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors:   Dept of Plant Science the University of Manitoba, Canada, MUNDEL HANS-HENNING
Published: October 2023

The yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in India is very low when compared to yields obtainable in other countries. It is largely due to these low yields that safflower has not played a more prominent role in helping overcome the oil-fat dietary deficiency of the Indian population as a whole. Safflower here is grown almost entirely under rainfed conditions. Irrigated safflower has not been generally experimented with in this country, nor has much emphasis been given by the commercial sector on higher oil-yielding varieties. The results of preliminary agronomic studies carried out in the Phaltan area of Maharashtra on rainfed and irrigated safflower, using standard indigenous and U. S. varieties, are presented in this paper, together with oil analyses covering a range of commercial varieties."
Relative Efficacy of Simazine and Select Dithiolcarbamates in the Control of Weeds in Hybrid Sorghum
Authors:   Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture Udaipur, H.G SINGH , M.S SAROHA ,   Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture Udaipur
Published: October 2023

Sorghum is grown on comparatively heavier soils on which control of weeds is one of the most difficult tasks as these soils and climatic conditions give rise to a host of weed problem. Past experiments at Udaipur showed that application of 2, 4-D sodium salt best controls weeds when applied at the rate of 1.0 to 1.5 kg/ha (Singh and Faroda, 1964). Yet, some weeds like Trianthema portulacustrum and Physalis minima remained unhurt and hand weeding was the best to control many of the weeds including Trianthema portulacustrum (Singh and Porwal, 1967). Use of simazine which has given remarkable control of weeds in maize and also other herbicides as EPTC and PEBC which hold great promise are worth trying. Since time and rates of application of these herbicides are different for different crop weed situation it will be of practical importance to try these new herbicides and work out proper time and rate of application and to see how the new practices compare with the traditional methods of controlling weeds by the use of 2, 4-D.
Cation Exchange Capacity of Roots and its Relationships with the Mineral Nutrition of Plants
Authors:   Agricultural Experiment Station University of Udaipur, K.V PALIWAL
Published: October 2023

Voluminous literature on ion uptake by plants has been reported, but mostly it is interpreted in terms of soil factors, the contribution of plant root characteristics, if any, is neglected. Since Devaux (1916) reported cation exchange properties in plant roots and suggested that it may play an important role in explaining the uptake of cations from soil colloids or nutrient solutions, voluminous work on different aspects of cation exchange capacity (CEC) of roots has been reported. Significance of ion exchange properties of roots has been emphasised by Mattson et al. (1948, 1949) while others (Epstein, 1956; Epstein and Lagget, 1954; Laties, 1959) do not consider cation exchange capacity of much significance in formulating ion uptake theories. Some of these points have been reviewed and discussed from time to time (Epstein, 1955; Heintze, 1961; Frejat et al. 1967). The objective of the present paper is to evaluate and discuss the literature available on the origin, methods of determination, variation due to different crops or their varieties, fertilizer application and absorption of nutrients in relation to CEC of plant roots.
Internode Formation in Sugarcane-Its Nature and Rate
Authors:   Sugarcane Specialist Cuddalore, C EKAMBARAM
Published: October 2023

Progress in cane growth is in effect progress in internode formation. On account of a close association between the two, it is of considerable interest to examine the nature, and rate of internode formation under the different conditions of growth, so that the information obtained may be usefully employed for improvement of the crop and the methods of growing. A study of internode formation in the various sugarcane experi- ments of the Research Stations of the State was therefore conducted for three years and the results obtained are reported.
Effect of Phosphate Carriers and Doses on Progressive Changes on the Available Phosphorus Status of Major Soil Groups of South India: Soil Incubation Study
Authors:   Assitant Lecturer in Chemistry ,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003, S.P MUSTAFA , D.J DURAIRAJ ,   Professor of Soil Science, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute,  Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

A detailed knowledge of the pattern of fixation existing over a period of time will enable one to decide upon the type of phosphate fertilizer to be applied to bring about the minimum waste of fertilizer through fixation. Soils are known to differ considerably with reference to their capacity to fix applied soluble phosphates. Variation in soil reaction, clay minerals, lime and free sesquioxides have been demonstrated to bring about appreciable differences in the capacity of soils in the matter of fixation or availabilisation of phosphates. In Madras State a number of dissimilar groups of soils occur and detailed information regarding phosphate availability changes with time in these soils is not available. The present work was taken up to obtain such detailed information.
Study of Variation in Yield Components of Rice Varieties
Authors:   Assitant in Paddy, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, S SIVASUBRAMANIAN , R SWAMINATHAN ,   Assitant in Paddy, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, V SRINIVASAN ,   Paddy Specialist, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore
Published: October 2023

A correct estimation of yield components and its role are of invaluable help to the breeder to eliminate much of his difficulties and uncertainties in the early stage of selection of the breeding material. Much work has been done on the components affecting grain yield in rice and definite correlation have been established. The varieties possessing similar yielding capacity, however, differ widely, in their other characters. Often the breeder is confronted with the problem of synchronising this variation with their total effect on yield. Here, an attempt has been made to assess the range of variation in yield components and their interdependence.