bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATTITUDE OF THE UNEMPLOYED TO STATE SUPPORT MEASURES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PANDEMIC (SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FORUMS ON THE INTERNET)
Authors: Алдашева А. А. , Китова Д. А. , Рунец О. В.
Published: April 2021

В статье показано, что в условиях пандемии COVID-19 и связанной с ней социальной изоляции поиск работы оказался затруднительным, экономическая и социальная неопределенность, связанная с пандемией, привела к снижению емкости рынка труда, и как следствие росту субъективного неблагополучия личности. Проведенный эмпирический анализ сложившейся ситуации позволил авторам сделать общий вывод о том, что потребность в государственной поддержке в условиях пандемии коронавируса обусловлена объективными, независящими от человека обстоятельствами, характеризуется чрезвычайной эмоциональной насыщенностью, узкой направленностью на получение внешней помощи и выраженной психологической напряженностью. Последствия пандемии серьезно повлияли на структуру трудовой занятости, в связи с чем в работе предлагается обратить внимание на то, что важным направлением деятельности в сфере профессиональной подготовки, переподготовки и повышения квалификации становится психологическая подготовка специалистов к профессиональному поведению в условиях социальных, техногенных и природных рисков. В перспективе предлагается обратиться к анализу структурных и содержательных характеристик эмоциональных переживаний безработных, проявившихся в условиях распространения пандемии.

The article shows that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated social isolation, finding a job turned out to be difficult, the economic and social uncertainty associated with the pandemic led to a decrease in the capacity of the labor market, and, as a result, to an increase in the subjective disadvantage of the individual. The empirical analysis of the current situation allowed the authors to draw a general conclusion that the need for state support in the context of the coronavirus pandemic is due to objective circumstances beyond the control of a person, characterized by extreme emotional saturation, a narrow focus on receiving external assistance and pronounced psychological tension. The consequences of the pandemic had a serious impact on the structure of employment, in connection with which the paper proposes to draw attention to the fact that psychological preparation of specialists for professional behavior in conditions of social, technological and natural risks is becoming an important area of activity in the field of vocational training, retraining and advanced training. In the future, it is proposed to turn to the analysis of the structural and content characteristics of the emotional experiences of the unemployed, manifested in the context of the spread of the pandemic.
ISLAMIC CAPITAL MARKET INTEGRATION AND ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION: A STUDY IN THE FIVE ASEAN COUNTRIES FROM THE POST-GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS
Authors: Qizam Ibnu
Published: April 2021

This study aims at examining the integration impact of the five ASEAN Islamic capital markets on asymmetric information for ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) development. Utilizing samples of market and financial panel data from 2009 to 2015 among the five ASEAN Islamic capital markets, and applying two-country portfolios of the Islamic capital markets among the five ASEAN countries to measure the different levels of Islamic capital market integration, this study suggests that the different levels of the Islamic capital market integration between Indonesia and Malaysia are found to result in asymmetric information negatively. The strongest Islamic capital market integration between Indonesia and Malaysia affect reduced asymmetric information more consistently than the other two-country portfolios, while the weakest level of integration between the Philippines and any other four Islamic capital markets that affects asymmetric information inconsistently is also supported. These results confirm an interplay between a modern portfolio theory, Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), contract theory, and general economic theory, and also provide new insights for stakeholders in investment decisions and strategies, cross-border regulation of economic resources, and other plentiful benefits.
John Ware (1786-1818): les outremers de l’Atlantique britannique
Authors: Gachon Nicolas
Published: April 2021

Cet article constitue le second volet d’une recherche publiée dans la revue Outre-mers en juin 2015 sur la façon dont les descendants de Goréens reconstruisent l’histoire de leurs ancêtres dès lors que l’esclavage pratiqué dans le cadre de la traite transatlantique fait partie des paramètres mémoriels. La confrontation de la mémoire familiale aux traces archivistiques du dénommé John Ware né à Gorée en 1807 avait permis de mettre en évidence les mécanismes de superposition et de condensation inhérents au processus mémoriel, et de révéler que la figure de John Ware était en réalité le palimpseste mémoriel de deux générations d’individus du même nom. L’article publié en 2015 s’était intéressé à la personne du Goréen John Ware (1807-1841) tandis que le présent article explore celle de son père anglais (1786-1818) dans sa trajectoire atlantique entre 1804 et 1818. Il s’agit de dédoubler la figure mémorielle pour appréhender la force centrifuge des trajectoires individuelles sous-jacente à celle, centripète, des processus mémoriels, et de mettre en exergue le point de fusion mémorielle que constitue l’île de Gorée aux confins de l’espace atlantique.
Efficiency calibration of high-purity germanium detector using Monte Carlo simulations including coincidence-summing corrections: volume source case
Authors: Konstantinova Marina , Germanas Darius , Gudelis Arūnas , Plukis Artūras
Published: April 2021

The gamma-ray spectrometry by the instrumentality of Ge detectors is used for the detection of low activity environmental samples of different geometry (soil samples, air filters with aerosols, milk powder, etc.). Such measurements require separate calibration of the detector. The high purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometer of GC2520 series was used for experiments. For the efficiency calibration, three cylindrical containers filled with different 60Co water solution levels were used, and the gamma-ray coincidence summing was modelled using MCNP6. The dimensions of the pure germanium crystal, provided by Canberra, were used for the simulations. The true coincidence summing takes place when two or more gamma quanta, which are emitted in a cascade from an excited nucleus, are detected within the resolving time of the detector. However, there is often a mismatch between the simulated and experimental efficiencies. The experimentally obtained and modelled spectra were compared: a good consistency of experimental and modelled results allows investigating the volume sources. During the simulation it was found that the factors affecting the accuracy of modelling are the thickness of the dead layer, crystal dimensions and the thickness of the Al detector cap. The analysis allows measuring the radionuclides activity concentration of samples placed in the containers with different filling heights having only standard shape calibration sources. The obtained accuracy is sufficient to fulfil criteria of 5–10% for such type of simulation to be applied for measurements of real samples in standard BURK-60 containers of various sample filling heights.
Del censo al “producto censal"
Authors: Cohen Arón
Published: April 2021

Los cambios introducidos en el censo español en 2011 y su profundización de cara al de 2021 apelan a un debate atento a todas las implicaciones (“metodológicas, epistemológicas y políticas”) de una transformación de gran calado. Ese debate está en gran medida pendiente y, dados los plazos y lo avanzado de los trabajos emprendidos por el INE, le quedará recorrido por delante cuando dispongamos de resultados del nuevo “producto”. Una de las cuestiones que se suscitan es si la “operación” a la que nos abocamos augura una información con niveles de detalle y calidad comparables a las de los ahora calificados como “censos tradicionales”. Otra es si las promesas de mejor aprovechamiento de registros y recursos tecnológicos con fines de estadística pública convierten irremediablemente en superflua una producción pública, de renovación lenta, pero con vocación de exhaustividad, homogeneidad, simultaneidad y continuidad: la que hemos conocido como censo de la población.
Censos de población, datos vinculados y el futuro de la investigación social
Authors: Requena Miguel
Published: April 2021

En el diseño del censo español de 2021 se han abandonado los procedimientos tradicionales de recogida de datos mediante cuestionarios aplicados al universo poblacional y se ha adoptado una nueva estrategia basada en la vinculación de registros administrativos, el uso de grandes datos y el recurso a una encuesta complementaria. Más allá del diseño del nuevo censo, la vinculación de datos administrativos y la integración de otras fuentes está adquiriendo cada vez más importancia en los países con sistemas estadísticos avanzados. En este trabajo se evalúan las reacciones a estos cambios de productores y usuarios de las estadísticas oficiales en España y se defiende la idea de que, con los debidos controles metodológicos, la vinculación de datos es un ingrediente crucial para el avance de la investigación social cuantitativa.
Websites as Spaces for Building the Identities of Political Parties
Authors: Holanda Adriane Figueirola Buarque de , Corrêa Cynthia H. W.
Published: April 2021

Initially, studies on policy and the internet considered websites as spaces for the propagation of political and electoral marketing. However, this proposal presents a different perspective regarding the internet as a space for building the identity of political parties with their diverse audiences: cross-party and intra-party. The chapter is divided into three parts: the first deals with politics and the internet focusing on the theory of equalization and normalization to match the political game between major and minor parties. Thus, to understand the organizational structure of the parties, the theory of the parties of cadres and masses is offered. Also, to deepen this discussion, the selective and collective incentives that are part of the genetics of political parties are treated. As the results, the website serves as an instrument of communication of the party, divulging the objectives, the internal disputes between the different factions, and the way the party works.
Hydrogen Production From Waste and Renewable Resources
Authors: Chaurasia Amit Kumar , Mondal Prasenjit
Published: April 2021

Increasing population and rapid urbanization lead to degradation of the natural environment while waste generation and energy crisis are major challenges in the most developing country. Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising energy carriers and capable to replace fossil fuels and meet the world's energy demand and concomitantly reduce toxic emissions. Currently, the world produces around 50 million tonnes/year from the process (i.e., electrolysis of water, steam reforming of hydrocarbons, and auto-thermal processes), but these processes are not sustainable and economical due to energy requirements and waste/pollutants generation. These challenges required growing interest in renewable energy resources such as hydrogen as an energy carrier. Hydrogen production from renewable sources attracted recent research attention because of its potential for sustainability and diversity. Hydrogen can be produced by various thermal, chemical, and biological technologies that include steam reforming, electrolysis, biomass conversion, solar conversion, and biological conversion.
Exploration of Ni-P-Based Catalytic Electrodes for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: M. Ameen Sha , P. C. Meenu
Published: April 2021

High efficacy and industrial applicability on electrocatalytic hydrogen production is achieved by proper furnishing of components in the reaction cell. The idea on the basic mechanism of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), efficient modification of available systems, and recent trends in the development strategies of suitable materials are very important to be explored to design novel systems for large-scale production. This review chapter discusses the scientific details on electrocatalytic HER and plausible materials used for catalyzing the reaction. And it outlines the trends in design and development of transition metal-based catalytic coating systems with a special focus on Ni-P alloy coating and scientific aspects of the methods and the materials used for the HER. On the whole, the discussion on HER and its catalytic systems provides an insight of their potential to be explored for enhanced energy production in hydrogen fuel cell technology for stationary and industrial applications.
Overview Regarding Synthetic Gas Production by Biomass Gasification
Authors: Corbu Alin , Raboaca Maria Simona , Tanwar Sudeep
Published: April 2021

The renewable energy for the production of syngas (synthetic gas) by gasification of biomass has specific features and objectives. The present chapter aims to describe the specific features of renewable energy for the production of syngas by gasification of biomass. The specific objective refers to the study of the equipment for the production of synthetic gaseous fuels (syngas) by gasification of biomass. The “biomass” term can be defined generically as the biodegradable part of agricultural products, residues and waste, gathering both animal and plant substances, wood industry, and also the biodegradable component of urban and industrial waste. Biomass sources are the most found renewable resources on Earth, also including all the organic components resulted from the organism's metabolic process, being the first resource of energy man has used, since the discovery of fire.
Hydrogen Energy Use in Comfort and Transport
Authors: Pana Constantin , Ivan Maria Alexandra , Cernat Alexandru , Negurescu Niculae , Nuțu Cristian , Nichita Teodora Madalina , Ivan Gabriel
Published: April 2021

This chapter presents aspects of hydrogen use in comfort systems and thermal machines in order to improve performance and to reduce pollution emissions. Hydrogen energy is clean, and its use leads to a reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. It represents an alternative to traditional fuels, oil, coal, and gas. The use of hydrogen preserves traditional fuel resources. In the field of comfort, the energy obtained from hydrogen is applicable in the heating and air conditioning of spaces, in the production of electricity necessary to create light comfort. The use of hydrogen in boilers leads to the reduction of pollutant emissions. Hydrogen fuelling systems were designed for different experimental thermal machines, designed by authors from spark-ignition engine and compression ignition engine. The characteristic combustion parameters, like maximum pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise, efficiency, and pollutant emissions for hydrogen fuelling are presented and analyzed.
Cultivating Teacher Leadership in Rural School Districts
Authors: Kania-Gosche Beth , Hull Suzanne
Published: April 2021

This chapter addresses the uniqueness of rural schools and the importance of teacher leaders in those settings. The teacher leader model will be different in a smaller school, although this context is less studied. Because teacher leaders have experience in the community context, they can guide others. Rural schools often have more difficulty recruiting and retaining teachers; while location cannot be changed, working conditions can. Supportive mentors can help rural school districts retain new teachers; however, teacher leaders are often not formally recognized. Less than half of states have a teacher leader licensure, and even fewer have standards in this area. Although national standards exist, little research has focused on how these and other professional development strategies can be effectively implemented in the rural setting.
The Community College Presidency
Authors: Paape Johnathon E.
Published: April 2021

The breadth of issues faced by community college presidents today cannot be overstated. While the importance of the position has remained since the creation of community colleges, the roles they play, types of challenges they face, and how they influence and lead their institutions have changed throughout the decades. The roles of presidents today can be examined under four categories: financial officer, community representative, political representative, and academic officer. Through each of these lenses, this chapter explores how presidents lead their institutions under these roles, the responsibility of each role, and the challenges facing contemporary and future community college presidents.
Presidents' Role in Broadening Participation in STEM
Authors: Engerman Kimarie , McKayle Camille , Tucker Blackmon Angelicque
Published: April 2021

To represent its population, the nation should have a diverse science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce. It is known that Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) serve as key producers of minority STEM graduates. As such, HBCUs have contributed to the diverse workforce. Therefore, this chapter examined the role of presidents at HBCUs in broadening participation in STEM fields. Presidents at four HBCUs participated in a semi-structured interview. The four academic leadership frames (structural, human resources, political, and symbolic) were used to explain the factors that have contributed to HBCUs' success rates. Identified factors were providing students with research and internship opportunities, having an adequate STEM curriculum, having appropriate faculty and personnel at the institution, having financial resources, and creating an environment that was nurturing and supportive of students.
The Power of Technological Social Learning in Times of Crisis
Authors: Yeganehpour Parisa
Published: April 2021

All countries, regardless of their level of development and position in the world economy and relations, try to adopt similar survival behaviors in the management of educational institutions since the first signs of the corona outbreak. Numerous people are contextually forced to learn from each other in this new adapted environment while not everyone is pessimistic about the pandemic situation and its unexpected obligations. Many people believe that the pandemic crisis is an opportunity to warm up the foundation of family relationships and the integration of high standard virtual education at global and inclusive levels. The unexpected change in social and educational intuitions reminds humanity of the vital and bright side of technology in this critical period. This chapter examines and models how virtual education can save money and resources to provide well-designed and purposeful learning opportunities for students to learn without fear when proper plans are implemented to overcome the impact of crises through the power of technological social learning.
Emotional Intelligence and Empathic Linguistic Power in Times of Crisis
Authors: Hancı-Azizoglu Eda Başak
Published: April 2021

The human experience in times of crisis is a determinative indicator for the future wellbeing of generations. The lack of empathy and inactive emotional intelligence through all forms of linguistic conduct cause miscommunication and misconduct, which severely underestimates the intellectual potential of human beings. In a world of diversity, emotional intelligence and empathic linguistic power are crucial indicators of civilization and enlightenment. Given a richer understanding of the relationship between empathy and emotional intelligence from a sociolinguistic perspective, this study discusses the significance of including emotional intelligence and empathy in educational and intellectual programs. This study is the framework through which the empathic linguistic power within a society could be a determining power for crisis management and wellbeing at times of turmoil.
A World in Crisis
Authors: Virgil Sharon M.
Published: April 2021

The author, a college composition teacher, recognizes we are living in a time of global crisis, fighting battles on two fronts. On the one hand, we are living in a period that sees us exposed to COVID-19, a pandemic that is threatening lives across the globe with no apparent end in sight. Then we have the social injustice that is racism rearing its vile and ugly head, resulting in the highlighting of the Black Lives Matter movement. Believing that freshman composition teachers are ideally positioned to encourage students to share their views on the crises that we are currently living through, this author uses a student-centered-book-writing pedagogy and asks her students to write a book on what they are burning to tell the world about COVID-19 or the Black Lives Matter movement. In this article, the author shares excerpts of her freshman composition students' writings and briefly discusses her student-centered-book-writing pedagogy.
Microbial Products and Their Role in Soil Health and Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Kumar Amrendra , Agarwal Swati
Published: April 2021

Microbial products are being used from ages in known as well as unknown forms. Some common products harvested from microbes include proteins, amino acids, antibiotics, antibodies, secondary metabolites, organic acids, lipids, and so on. It also includes antivirals, polymers, surfactants, enzyme inhibitors, nutraceuticals, and many industrial and agricultural products. Moreover, sometimes the whole single celled microbes are harvested as a rich source of protein called single cell proteins. In a nutshell, all these products cover almost every economic sector like food, feed, agriculture, healthcare, fuel, textile, and pharmaceutical. Hence, these microbial products have serious socio-economic impressions and have unleashed enormous possibilities in terms of commercial production. However, only a small fraction of microbial products are exploited, and a larger chest remains to be achieved. In the chapter, the importance of microbes in the production of proteins, enzymes, and secondary metabolites are discussed in detail with special emphasis on sustainable agriculture.
Role of Bacillus spp. in Agriculture
Authors: Umesh Mridul , Sebastian Ann Mary , S. Adhithya Sankar , G. Allwyn Vyas , Basheer Thazeem , Priyanka Kumaresan
Published: April 2021

The advent of the industrial revolution and intensified agricultural practices have posed irreversible impairment in the soil by accumulating various xenobiotic compounds. Soil, being a core constituent of Earth, not only supports plant growth but also acts as a water filter, buffering pollutants and conserving myriad microorganisms. Untreated industrial effluents, dumping of plastics, and overuse of pesticides are some of the major contaminants enrooted for soil pollution causing severe threats to living beings and the biosphere. Bioremediation using microbes has been recommended as a safe and viable method for the soil fertility restoration due to their adaptive nature modulated by the environment. Among the microbes, Bacillus sp is considered as an effective bioremediating agent as they are the warehouse of copious enzymes, eco-friendly products, and plant growth-promoting metabolites that play a key role in agriculture, textile, food, leather, and beverage industries and thereby ensure soil sustainability.
Microbe-Assisted Phytoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Authors: Ismail Haruna Yahaya , Farouq Ahmad Ali , Rabah Abdullahi Bako , Muhammad Aminu Bayawa , Allamin Ibrahim Alkali , Ibrahim Umar Balarabe , Bukar Usman Ali
Published: April 2021

Petroleum is an important source of hydrocarbons, which are one of the major environmental contaminants that disturb ecosystem functioning and stability. In the past few decades, a number of approaches employed in the remediation of polluted soil, water, and aquifers have experienced setbacks. Recently, phytoremediation is gaining more attention due to its numerous benefits. Different mechanisms are used in phytoremediation; however, the integration of microorganisms and plant species to achieve remediation has been alluring. Phytoremediation provides a solution to one of the dreadful problems of pollution in situ, devoid of secondary contamination. Phytoremediation addresses pressing environmental pollution problems, and it also provides other important ecosystem services. In this review, a concise discussion of phytoremediation in synergy with microbes will be provided.
Microbial Bioremediation of Heavy Metals
Authors: Giriyan Asha Laxman , Berde Vikrant B. , Pereira Elroy J. , Parulekar-Berde Chanda Vikrant
Published: April 2021

Heavy metals are found naturally. Anthropogenic activities and rapid industrialization have led to their unprecedented release into the environment. Being non-biodegradable in nature, they persist in the environment. Prolonged exposure and accumulation of these metals poses a serious threat to the ecosystem. Conventional treatment of contaminated material whether soil or water involves expensive chemical or physical methods which are arduous, energy demanding, and carry the risk of secondary contamination. It is thus necessary to adopt a sustainable remediation process to mitigate this problem. Biological remediation processes are preferable as they are environmentally safe, techno-economically feasible, and do not generate toxic byproducts. Microbial bioremediation is particularly attractive as it allows remediation processes by tapping naturally occurring catabolic capacities to transform, accumulate, and adsorb metals for detoxification. It is a comparatively low-cost technology. Therefore, microbial bioremediation is promising as an alternative to physico-chemical methods.
Laccases for Soil Bioremediation
Authors: Sridharan Rajalakshmi , Krishnaswamy Veena Gayathri
Published: April 2021

Industrialization led to an increase in chemicals in the environment. The soil absorbs these chemicals and holds them for years until treated. The action of bacteria, fungi, and algae utilize the pollutants and generate energy. The bioremediation contains a diverse treatment process, but the effectiveness of the bioremediation increases by the enzymatic action. Laccase, a copper-containing enzyme, is versatile and oxidizes complex organic compounds without generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). This process is carried by laccase-mediated systems (LCMs) controlled by low redox potential. The presence of redox mediators oxidizes the chemical compounds at the higher rate, making laccase degradation of the pollutants effectively. The chapter provides a glimpse of soil bioremediation by bacteria and fungi as individual species and symbiotic species, the production of laccase enzyme by bacteria and fungi, methods adopted to enhance the enzyme activity, and degradation of pollutants in soil.
Growing Up in a Society Practicing Ubuntu
Authors: Mukuni Joseph Siloka
Published: April 2021

In this chapter, the author looks back at his life as a child growing up among a Bantu-speaking society in which life is guided by Ubuntu values. Ubuntu refers to a philosophy that teaches the interconnectedness of humans and the need, therefore, for people to affirm the humanness in each other, to relate humanely with others, and to work harmoniously and cooperatively as brothers and sisters. The philosophy also teaches us to be responsible stewards of the natural and wildlife environment because human survival depends on its sustainability.
The Extended Family System as a Model of Africanizing Inclusive Education Through Ubuntu
Authors: Muzata Kenneth Kapalu , Mahlo Dikeledi , Simui Francis
Published: April 2021

The chapter explores the African extended family system which is an integral part of the Ubuntu philosophy. The authors explain the concept of inclusive education for persons with disabilities and lastly examine how the extended family system can be used within the framework of the African Ubuntu philosophy to promote the inclusion of persons with disabilities in society. They argue that the failure by the current African school curriculum to contextualize, acculturate, and localize the concept of inclusive education emanates from the lost values of the African Ubuntu philosophy.
Ubuntu as Reflected in the Kgotla System of the Government in Botswana
Authors: Tlou Josiah S.
Published: April 2021

The chapter illustrates the application of Ubuntu to governance through a democratic system called “Kgotla.” The chapter places and defines Ubuntu as a unique African philosophy and worldview. The author explains how it is utilized in the Kgotla system of Botswana. The chapter describes how the African way of life embodied in Ubuntu at the Kgotla is based on collectiveness or communalism, cooperation, and joint resolution of conflicts and restorative justice among the villagers. The chapter reports that Kgotla system has now been incorporated as a business model in industry using the traditional knowledge of Ubuntu.
Ubuntu in Malawi
Authors: Sanga Mapopa William
Published: April 2021

The philosophy of Ubuntu or umunthu has its roots in humanist African philosophy, where the idea of community is one of the building blocks of society. In sub-Saharan Africa, the most striking features of the cultures of different people is their non-individualistic character, where community is the cornerstone in African thought and life. In Malawi, a developing country in Southern Arica, the Umunthu philosophy is embedded in the socialization process. Malawians are well-known in the world to be very kind and polite people. Malawian children are expected to embrace these values from their parents or guardians. Interestingly though, not every Malawian child ends up being a high holder of Ubuntu in their adulthood and that is the painful reality. The question then arises, is Ubuntu or umunthu a true reflection of humanity in Malawi or just a farce? The chapter answers this question by carefully exploring the umunthu philosophy, analyzing it in critical contexts in the Malawian society.
Challenges of Passing on the Tenets of Ubuntu/Botho to the Younger Generation
Authors: Mhlauli Mavis B. , Bulawa Philip , Kgosidialwa Keinyatse
Published: April 2021

This chapter interrogates the concept of Ubuntu as understood within both the African and Botswana contexts. It has been argued that Ubuntu is also a philosophical thought system and is valued for its instrumental contribution to judgement and decision making. Issues surrounding the concept of Ubuntu are discussed along with how youths in Botswana are affected by the modernization paradigm, globalization, and its accompanying agents. Some of the tenets of Ubuntu are discussed with reference to the kgotla, religiosity, and culture and how these have over time been used to inculcate Ubuntu among the youths in Botswana. Challenges faced by the youth in practicing Ubuntu are discussed in order to underscore some of the deficiencies observed within the Botswana society and their impact among the youth. To further show the significance of Ubuntu among the youth, a number of strategies are suggested on how to infuse Ubuntu into the school curriculum.
Ubuntu as a Springboard for Service-Learning
Authors: Kasoma Twange
Published: April 2021

Journalism is a team profession. Among its foremost functions to society include “to inform” and “to educate.” On both the team and functions scores, journalism is tailor-made for being taught using Ubuntuism. Its tenets are akin to those of Ubuntuism, described as a philosophy that privileges educating the public, facilitating dialogue and participation in civic life, and eradicating social hierarchy while valuing listening to promote, achieve, and maintain harmony. This chapter therefore elaborates on how Ubuntu served as the pedagogical impetus for a study abroad service-learning course entitled Media and Journalistic Practice in Zambia. The chapter provides insights from the instructor and anecdotes from American students who participated in the program.
Potential Role of Ubuntu in the Enhancement of School Leadership in Botswana
Authors: Tsayang Gabatshwane , Bulawa Phillip G. , Kgotlaetsile Moffat F.
Published: April 2021

The chapter explores the potential role that the concept and practice of Ubuntu can be salvaged to inform school leadership in Botswana. Reference is made to traditional ways in which human development is conceived and treated in the Botswana Ubuntu cultural practice which is manifested in Leseya Maturity Stage (LMS), Ngwana Maturity Stage (NMS), Monana Maturity Stage (MMS), and Mogolo Maturity Stage (MgMS). The chapter argues that, at each of the development stages, an appropriate leadership style should be used as in situational leadership. For instance, at the LMS, a human being according to Lerner displays some inconsistencies in his or her behavior which is a perfect example of a reflection of shaky grasp of logic. The chapter asserts that there are adults as in teachers who may display such behaviors even though they may chronologically be adults. The chapter therefore argues that the concept of situational leadership should be used according to the contextual maturity of the led as per the Ubuntu concept. Ubuntu leadership styles can inform school leadership.
Ubuntu/Botho and Democracy in the Traditional Tswana Society
Authors: Mhlauli Mavis B. , Bulawa Philip
Published: April 2021

This chapter discusses how Ubuntu is manifested through democracy within the Tswana traditional society. It contends that democracy in the Tswana traditional society was not a new concept. From time immemorial, Batswana have practiced a unique form of democracy that was based on the Tswana cultures. This hybrid form of democracy though different from liberal democracy as understood today has served the Batswana over the years. The kgotla as a community forum continues to be the focal point for exemplifying the relationship between democracy and Ubuntu. It further suggests that the way democracy is taught in schools should be aligned to how it is practiced in the society.
Ubuntu Through the Lens of Tikkun Olam
Authors: Simmons Janelle Christine
Published: April 2021

This chapter will explore concepts of Ubuntu, which is the South African concept of togetherness. However, it will explore this concept through the lens of a Jewish concept or philosophy called “tikkun olam.” Tikkun olam is a Hebrew term that roughly translates to “healing or repairing the world.” In the light of COVID-19, there are many different realms of communication that have been explored. Many have been forced to be world citizens. With that being said, having various forms of communication does not necessarily mean that we are understanding each other better. The author will explore various forms of communication, connections, etc. and explore a premise that to be together in a healthy realm, we must be healed before we can heal our world. Ironically, this is also the case for those who are suffering from aspects of COVID-19.
The 4th Industrial Revolution
Authors: Bagnoli Carlo , Dal Mas Francesca , Massaro Maurizio
Published: April 2021

The objective of this article is to analyze the impact of Industry 4.0 on business models considering technological change as a driver of strategic innovation. The research aims to provide the key to interpreting a process of innovation that, starting from the technological transformation, translates it into a broader change of business models. A structured literature review has been developed analyzing 144 sources divided into scientific papers, reports from consultancy firms and institutional reports. This method identified the importance given by the literature to the technologies and their impact on the building blocks of the business model. The research has led to the identification of 12 business models that can represent a framework to interpret the Industry 4.0 phenomenon strategically. A questionnaire analysis of a sample of 111 companies based in Italy allowed us to compare the results of theoretical research with the perceptions of Italian entrepreneurs.
Process Excellence and Industry 4.0
Authors: Martinez Felipe
Published: April 2021

The process excellence discipline comprises several philosophies, approaches, and techniques with different headings and origins. The history of the industrial revolutions is related with the beginnings and development of these process excellence approaches. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to explore the evolution of process excellence throughout these four industrial revolutions in order to propose recommendations to successfully cope this new revolution from the process excellence perspective. The chapter reviews publications about the history of the industrial revolutions, technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, and it includes the outputs from a roundtable with Industry 4.0 experts. The chapter concludes that the concept of process and process excellence is essential to implement this new revolution and that the current practices of process excellence most be review in with the perspective of Industry 4.0.
A Comprehensive Study on Internet of Things Based on Key Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Industry 4.0
Authors: Uslu Banu Çalış , Fırat Seniye Ümit Oktay
Published: April 2021

Under uncertainty, understanding and controlling complex environments is only possible with an ability to use distributed computing by the way of information exchange between devices to be able to understand the response of the system to a particular problem. From transformation of raw data in a huge distribution of network into the meaningful information, to use the understood knowledge to make rapid decisions needs to have a network composed of smart devices. Internet of things (IoT) is a novel approach, where these smart devices can communicate with each other by using key technologies of artificial intelligence (AI) in order to make timely autonomous decisions. This emerging technical advancement and realization of horizontal and vertical integration caused the fourth stage of industrialization (Industry 4.0). The objective of this chapter is to give detailed information on both IoT based on key AI technologies and Industry 4.0. It is expected to shed light on new work to be done by providing explanations about the new areas that will emerge with this new technology.
Industry 4.0 and Supply Chain Management
Authors: Dhamija Pavitra , Bedi Monica , Gupta M.L.
Published: April 2021

The association of Industry 4.0 and supply chain management assures tremendous growth and developmental opportunities towards manufacturing organizations. The two aspects (Industry 4.0 and supply chain management) are one of the most opted choices for research among academicians and researchers. The study in question accommodates 884 papers from past 10 years, which contributes towards Industry 4.0, supply chain management, cyber-physical systems, digitization, Internet of Things, and Big Data predictive analytics. The statistical tools include BibExcel and Gephi for bibliometric and network analysis. The results are presented in the form of top contributing authors, keywords, and citations. The article also shares a conceptual model based on the review of studies. The findings will help managers or officials to understand the importance of Industry 4.0 and its association with supply chain management. The formed clusters and their associations are providing new areas that require managerial attention. The article ends while discussing the current and future scope of research.
Design of Facility Layout for Industry 4.0
Authors: Ficko Mirko , Berus Lucijano , Palčič Iztok , Klančnik Simon
Published: April 2021

The concept of Industry 4.0 combines a large number of fully or partly autonomous devices and humans into a system, which is, due to synergies, more flexible and effective than a fully automated system. To reach this objective we have to ensure such facility layout that ensures an efficient transport system which takes into account the large number of participants. The most important design goal is to minimise the path travelled by transport devices. In the case of Industry 4.0 we have two altered conditions: the number of devices (machines, workplaces, storages) connected in one system is substantially larger, and autonomous transport devices and humans have different organisational needs regarding the facility layout. This chapter presents a highly efficient method for preparation of layouts that is based on simplified space and the physical appearance of the system. The design of transportation paths will be subjected to finding the optimum layout of devices to lower transportation costs.
Knowledge Transfer and Introduction of Industry 4.0 in SMEs
Authors: Matt Dominik T. , Rauch Erwin , Riedl Michael
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0 is for most companies and especially for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) one of the major challenges after the wave of lean management. The aim of this chapter is to provide a methodological guidance for the practical use of the Industry 4.0 vision and principles in production system design in the specific context of SMEs. Based on the analysis of literature, a procedure model for the target-oriented introduction of Industry 4.0 principles in SMEs is proposed. A first practical evaluation of the approach is carried out based on two industrial case studies. The experiences made in the industrial cases show that Industry 4.0 is not limited to the application in large enterprises but is very suitable also for SME. This chapter contributes, with its case-study-based methodology, to the existing sparse knowledge on the introduction of Industry 4.0 in SME production systems.
Cloud-Based Manufacturing (CBM) Interoperability in Industry 4.0
Authors: Mezgár István , Pedone Gianfranco
Published: April 2021

Cloud computing (CC) is generating new computing and business models because of its service-based nature, which enables collaboration and data exchange at higher level, more flexibility with better efficiency and parallel decreasing costs. Manufacturing environments can also benefit from cloud technology and follow fast changes in market demands. In these new scenarios, interoperability has vital importance in the operation and in the interaction among industrial realizations of cyber-physical systems. The chapter introduces the different cloud models and the interoperability issues concerning connected enterprise information systems. Various standardization frameworks have been developed for homogeneous integration of IT models in industrial environments: the IIRA and the RAMI 4.0 are the best-known ones. The chapter introduces both architectures; their methodological approach to industrial integration efforts and how integration can be realized through the OPC Unified Architecture. Finally, the authors propose a basic conceptual model for cloud manufacturing.
Can Internal Social Media and Data Mining Be a Powerful Communication Vehicle in Reaching Employees in Change Management in Industry 4.0?
Authors: Goksoy Asli
Published: April 2021

With the rapid changes in the information and communication technologies through Industry 4.0, managers and change agents are now able to unlock wholly new streams in communicating change to their stakeholders. Social media can be an important “vehicle” to facilitate better and faster change management, whereas data mining can provide some crucial insight about employee perception about change. The purpose of this chapter is to capture the reader's attention towards the relationship between change management and Industry 4.0 tools specifically: social media and data mining. For that purpose, three in-depth interviews with senior managers of a Turkish telecommunication and technology services provider were conducted. The results support the research questions partially but point out new variables (national culture and generation gap) to consider in the relationship between employee behaviors and social media usage as an internal communication tool. Lastly, this chapter aims to provide suggestions for further studies.
Addressing Sustainability and Industry 4.0 to the Business Model
Authors: Rosário Cabrita Maria do , Duarte Susana
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0 drivers and sustainability are topics increasingly referred to as part of the firm's strategy. Business value creation must be linked to sustainability and be designed on the road to the Industry 4.0. Technological advancements can bring about countless opportunities for growth and success in achieving humanity's set goals fitting the challenges of sustainability. This seminal work attempts to explore how Industry 4.0 creates opportunities to promote business sustainability. Based on the concepts of sustainability, business model, and the Industry 4.0 drivers, this chapter aims to provide insightful information on the potentials of exploring business model in the age of Industry 4.0.
Emerging Auditing Perspectives in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Ozturk Mahmut Sami
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the role of audit activities and auditors in Industry 4.0. The preferred methodological approach in the study is a general analysis of auditing in Industry 4.0 in the form of a literature review. According to the purpose of the study, the effect and role of auditing big data, the internet of things, the cloud, artificial intelligence, and other components in Industry 4.0 are investigated. Furthermore, auditing activities that can be implemented in Industry 4.0 are presented as suggestions in the study. The study explains the role of auditing as a whole in Industry 4.0 as a consequence of examining audit activities for each component in Industry 4.0.
Integration of Industry 4.0 for Advanced Construction Project Management
Authors: Šuman Nataša , Pučko Zoran
Published: April 2021

The construction industry is facing the increasing process of integration of Industry 4.0 in all phases of the construction project lifecycle. Its exponential growth has been detected in research efforts focused on the usage of the building information modeling (BIM) as one of the most breakthrough innovative approaches in the construction (AEC) industry. BIM brings many advantages as well as changes in the existing construction practice, which allows for adjustment of processes in the most automated possible way. The goal in the design phase is to create a comprehensive BIM model that combines the data of all project participants and represents a digital model of a future building. In the construction phase, the monitoring and controlling the work progress is one of the most important and difficult tasks, and it is today still mostly done manually. Currently, more research and actual implementations are oriented towards the introduction of the automated construction progress monitoring (ACPMon). All of this is the basis for advanced construction project management (ACPMan).
Technological Developments
Authors: Ozturk Hande Mutlu
Published: April 2021

Technological developments in recent years have been affecting the lives of people and societies more rapidly than in the past. Developments in the field of communication, robotics, transportation, etc. are called the 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 in the industrial sector. Technological developments have created great changes in the services and industrial sectors. Industry 4.0 has also led to changes in the transformation of the tourism sector and is likely to occur in future processes. This chapter examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on the tourism sector.