bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoekonomiczne skutki wojny w Ukrainie. Globalny i europejski wymiar problemu
Authors: Walkowski Maciej
Published: May 2024

W oparciu o szczegółową diagnozę bieżącej sytuacji społeczno– gospodarczej w świecie spowodowanej wojną w Ukrainie, a wcześniej pandemią COVID 19, w prezentowanej analizie wskazuje się na konkretne działania, które zarówno w wymiarze konceptualnym jak i praktycznym, muszą zostać podjęte w wymiarze globalnym (gospodarka światowa) i regionalnym (Unia Europejska), służąc wzmocnieniu bezpieczeństwa i odporności ekonomicznej traktowanych jako priorytetowe elementy nowego porządku gospodarczego drugiej dekady XXI wieku. Poprzez zastosowanie wybranych metod i technik badawczych charakterystycznych dla badań politologicznych, Autor prezentowanego artykułu wskazuje na konkretne rozwiązania ograniczające groźbę pojawiania się kolejnych fal kryzysów ekonomicznych, żywnościowych, energetycznych i uchodźczych, oraz powrotu do Zimnej Wojny w swej nowej odsłonie, czyli narastającej geoekonomicznej rywalizacji konfrontacji amerykańsko – chińskiej i ich głównych sojuszników. Szans na wyższy poziom stabilizacji gospodarczej w państwach zaliczanych do tzw. Świata Zachodu, z Unią Europejską i Stanami Zjednoczonymi na czele, upatruje w przynajmniej częściowym ograniczeniu offshoringu na rzecz nearshoringu i jego odmian typu frienshoring oraz promowanej w UE koncepcji otwartej strategicznej autonomii.
Roman Dmowski o Ukrainie – profetyczna projekcja realizmu politycznego
Authors: Borkowski Kamil
Published: May 2024

Celem artykułu jest omówienie najważniejszych założeń wątku ukraińskiego w refleksji geopolitycznej Romana Dmowskiego. Autor zamierza wykazać, że rozważania Dmowskiego cechuje wyjątkowa trafność spostrzeżeń dotyczących zagadnień narodu  i państwa ukraińskiego w kontekście ich wpływu na pozycję Rosji, Polski i Niemiec, a tym samym na europejskie i światowe środowisko bezpieczeństwa. Podejmując próbę analizy powyższego przedmiotu badań podkreślenia wymaga fakt, iż od jego publikacji minęło ponad 90 lat, a mimo to nie stracił on na aktualności, dowodząc tym samym słuszności postawionych tez. Uwzględniając bieżące, dramatyczne wydarzenia za naszą wschodnią granicą oraz skalę potencjalnego ryzyka jakie generują nie tylko w wymiarze regionalnym, ale również globalnym wydaje się uzasadnionym sięgnięcie do Kwestii ukraińskiej jako cennego źródła wiedzy na temat przyczyn obecnego konfliktu oraz jego możliwych konsekwencji.
Reflections of a Gifford Committee convenor
Authors: Jasper David
Published: May 2024

David Jasper outlines a brief history of the Gifford lectures series before giving us an insight into the work of the University of Glasgow Gifford committee during the time he served as its convenor.
"Interreligious Studies: An Introduction" by Rachel S. Mikva
Authors: Robinson Leon
Published: May 2024

Review ofRachel S. Mikva, Interreligious Studies: An Introduction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023), pp. xi + 356, ISBN 978-1108826600. £26.99
Artificial smell sensor systems in the diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Novikova L. B.
Published: May 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases of the nervous system that are characterized by a long-term latent stage, a variety of manifestations associated with heterogeneity of symptoms, different aggressiveness of the course, and progressive death of neurons. Neurodegenerative diseases are mainly diagnosed on the basis of clinical data and expensive invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques. There is no specific laboratory test for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases. Exhaled air is the secretion of the body, and the process of its selection is simple and economical. Exhaled gas analysis offers an inexpensive, non-invasive method for detecting a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative ones. Molecular profiles of volatile organic compounds in exhaled air for the diagnosis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases can be obtained by analyzing human breath using an “electronic nose”. Identification of volatile organic compounds and their use as specific biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases for obtaining accurate, reproducible and rapid diagnostics can serve as an alternative to traditional invasive methods. The review is devoted to the problems and achievements of the last decade (2014–2023) in the field of application of the "electronic nose" technology for determination and identification of potential highly volatile organic compounds of neurodegenerative processes. The review presents studies on the detection of potential volatile organic compounds in the exhaled air of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using “electronic nose”, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trends in the development and the use of "electronic nose" technology to provide medical care capable of performing accurate, sensitive determinations of key volatile organic compounds in the exhaled air are discussed.
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry with pulsed glow discharge for direct determination of volatile organic compounds in air, nitrogen and argon. Volatile organic compounds ionization processes
Authors:   Lumex LLC, Ganeev A. A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Gubal A. R. ,   Lumex LLC,   St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Kravtsov D. V. ,   Lumex LLC,   St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry,   Institute of Analytical Instrumentation RAS, Chuchina V. A. ,   Lumex LLC,   St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Sidelnikov V. O. ,   Lumex LLC,   ITMO National Research University,   International Science and Education Center of Physics of Nanostructures, Yakovleva E. M. ,   Lumex LLC, Stroganov A. A. ,   Lumex LLC
Published: May 2024

Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various gases, including atmospheric and exhaled human air, is required to solve a wide range of environmental problems, control the composition of various gases and is increasingly used for diagnosis of various diseases. Lately, methods of soft ionization with minimal fragmentation of the components have been rapidly developed. In particular, our research group is developing an approach to direct analysis of mixtures of VOCs using time-of-flight pulsed glow discharge mass spectrometry. Previously, the effects of different gases and gas mixtures on ionization processes were not compared. Therefore, the ionization mechanisms of VOCs in argon, nitrogen, and air were investigated in the present work. Toluene, p-xylene, chlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were chosen as the model VOCs. Optimization of microsecond pulsed glow discharge parameters (period and duration of the discharge pulse, repelling pulse delay time and pressure in the discharge cell) for each compound and a gas mixture of several VOCs was carried out. The predominant ionization mechanisms are the formation of a VOC molecular ion by Penning ionization and the proton transfer reaction; their influence being different for various gases. It is shown that the use of argon even with a small addition of water leads to the predominance of the proton transfer reaction, whereas in nitrogen and air the Penning ionization predominates. The maximum VOC intensities were achieved in air, and the developed approach
Establishing the geographical origin of some dry white wines according to ICP spectrometric and chemometric analysis
Authors:   Kuban State University, Temerdashev Z. A. , Khalafyan A. A. ,   Kuban State University, Abakumov A. G. ,   Kuban State University, Bolshov M. A. ,   Institute for Spectroscopy Russian Academy of Sciences, Kaunova A. A. ,   Kuban State University
Published: May 2024

An important aspect of assessing authenticity of wines is determining their geographical origin. The aim of the present work was establishing geographical origin of wines produced from grape varieties of Chardonnay, Riesling and Muscat grown in different districts of Krasnodar Territory, from the results of ICP-spectrometry and chemometric methods. A significant difference in the concentration of Al, Ba, Ca and Rb in wines was observed depending on the grape variety, and a difference in Al, Ba, Rb, Fe, Li and Sr concentration depending on region of the grape origin. Concentrations of the elements in different groups of wines also had different deviation from the average values. A cluster structure of wine samples relative their origin districts, revealed using discriminant analysis, allowed to develop models with high prognostic properties for identifying geographical origin of wines. A quality criterion of the developed models was precision of classification, i.e. fraction of correctly identified wine samples. Neural networks demonstrated the maximum precision of classification (100 %) for all 153 wine samples used, followed by support vector machine (98.69 %) and general discriminant analysis (94.77 %). Among all metal concentrations, Sr, Li and Fe dominated in the importance of their contribution in the constructed statistical models for predicting the geographical origin of wines. The results of the studies showed that the machine learning methods oriented to high dimensional data together with ICP-spectrometry analysis can successfully solve problems of small dimension related to determining the geographical origin of wines on the basis of their component composition and name with the precision exceeding the traditional method of general discriminant analysis.
Hard- and Soft-PLS-DA methods in the identification of petroleum products on the basis of gas chromatography data
Authors:   Yekaterinburg Regional Branch of Central Expert-Criminalistic Customs Administration, Mukhametganeva A. S. , Bayguzina A. R. ,   Yekaterinburg Regional Branch of Central Expert-Criminalistic Customs Administration
Published: May 2024

Customs examination for the identification of general or various group affiliation of petroleum products for the purposes of the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of the Eurasian Economic Union (THE CUSTOMS CODE OF THE EAEU) is an important task, and the use of a chemometric approach in the study of chemical composition provides additional opportunities for interpretation of the chromatographic data obtained. Proposed identification technique is based on preliminary separation of main components by gas-liquid chromatography and processing the obtained data using a chemometric analysis method – discriminant analysis using regression on latent structures (PLS-DA). The article demonstrates the appropriateness and effectiveness of applying chemometric methods for solving identification problems at the level of establishing the general group affiliation of petroleum products. The PLS-DA method is clear for visual assessment and grouping of objects with similar component composition indicators. Application of the Soft-PLS-DA method in performeing a comparative study of 31 analytes (petroleum product samples: automotive gasoline of different brands, gas condensate distillates, aromatic hydrocarbon fractions) using gas chromatography with a flame-ionization detector (GC-FID) is considered. The obtained model allows identifying samples of petroleum products if the data on the corresponding sets of samples (collections) are available. The obtained model was tested by including two additional samples (outliers) in the set, which differ in composition (characteristics) from other objects, and the reliability and stability of the model was demonstrated. The results of the analysis confirmed the prospects for using chemometric approach for primary identification and grouping of petroleum product samples on the basis of GC-FID results using the Soft-PLS-DA method in expert applications.
Expert studies of ethylene copolymers by IR-spectroscopy using chemometric algorithms
Authors:   Bryansk regional branch of Central Expert-Criminalistic Customs Administration, Azarenko S. I. , Kuznetsov I. O. ,   Bryansk regional branch of Central Expert-Criminalistic Customs Administration
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the development of a technique for separation of low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene with the mass fraction of olefin link not exceeding 5 %, copolymers of ethylene with alpha-olefins containing more than 5 % but less than 50 % of the latter, as well as determining type of the alpha-olefin unit and its content in these products. Since the existing technique for determining type of the olefin unit and its content does not always allow determining the type and amount of the co-monomer olefin unit in ethylene copolymers using the spectroscopy method, it is necessary to analyze such products on NMR spectrometers, expensive instruments, measurements on which are laborious and take considerable time. A technique based on a combination of infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics was developed in order to reduce the time for customs examinations for verifying reliability of the declaration of ethylene polymers. This technique allows separating low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) (copolymers of ethylene with butene, hexene, octene with the mass fraction of olefin below 5 %), copolymers of ethylene with propylene, copolymers of ethylene with propylene and diene (EPDM), copolymers of ethylene with olefins: butene, hexene, octene with the mass fraction of the latter above 5 %, but below 50 %, as well as to determine type of the olefin unit and its content in these copolymers. The essence of this technique lies in the possibility of processing the obtained spectral data using chemometric algorithms: independent modeling of classes, discriminant analysis of projections on latent structures, discriminant analysis using regression on latent structures.
Neoliberalismo e investigação científica: estudo exploratório num centro de psicologia português
Authors:   Universidade  do  Porto, Araújo Hugo , Gonçalves Carlos
Published: May 2024

Objetivo:o presente artigo explora as consequências da aplicação das práticas neoliberais de mercado na in-vestigação científica em Psicologia, particularmente (1) a dependência da investigação científica em Psicologia no contexto português em relação aos financiadores e (2) se os modelos psicologizadores — encaram o eu interior como a causa e a raiz de todos os comportamentos (Cabanas & Illouiz, 2019) — são, de facto, prio-rizados. Adota como referencial teórico a Psicologia Crítica que, não sendo um campo de estudos unificado, pretende analisar a Psicologia na sua constante interação com a realidade social, económica, cultural, política e histórica da qual é produto (Coimbra & Menezes, 2009).Método: para o efeito, foram entrevistados 12 investigadores pertencentes a um centro de investigação de Psicologia de uma universidade portuguesa, composto por cinco grupos de investigação, dos quais cinco são do género masculino e sete do género feminino. Não se distinguem as posições ocupadas pelos investigado-res (membros integrados do centro de investigação, docentes, bolseiros ou colaboradores) porquanto sendo um estudo exploratório; analisam-se somente os seus discursos através duma análise temática do conteúdo.Resultados: da análise emergiram as categorias (1) centro de investigação, (2) qualidade de investigação, (3) financiamento, (4) publicações e (5) papel da psicologia.Conclusão:conclui-se que neste centro predominam referenciais teóricos sensíveis aos fatores económicos, políticos e sociais, porém são os modelos tecnocratas e intrapsíquicos, mais alinhados com as demandas neoliberais, que têm maior alcance e impacto nas revistas internacionais e, por consequência, maior investi-mento, uma vez que é o sucesso no mercado que o determina.
Adaptación viral exitosa de la Peste Porcina Clásica (cepa C) a cultivo celular para la producción de vacunas
Authors: Paneque Zayas Mayelin , del Toro Yen Yenis , Domínguez Odio Aníbal ,   Grupo Empresarial LABIOFAM
Published: May 2024

Introducción: la peste porcina clásica (ppc) es una enfermedad viral, infectocontagiosa y transfronteriza que causa importantes pérdidas económicas a nivel mundial. La inmunización sistemática y preventiva con vacunas vivas ate-nuadas es muy útil para su control; las vacunas lapinizadas están entre las más utilizadas. Sin embargo, las limitaciones éticas que presenta su elaboración obli-gan a la industria biofarmacéutica veterinaria a buscar nuevas alternativas para su producción. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo adaptar la cepa C del virus de la peste porcina clásica a cultivo celular de conejo y cerdo. Metodología:se utilizaron las líneas de riñón de conejo (RK-13) y de cerdo (PK-15). Ambas fueron infectadas con un homogenizado de bazo + sangre, obtenido de conejos de la raza neozelandés blancos, inoculados con el virus semilla maestro (cepa C, 4to pase) de la vacuna viva lapinizada contra la PPC fabricada por LABIOFAM, Cuba. Para evaluar la adap-tación y replicación viral en las líneas celulares, durante los 23 pases posinfección, se empleó la identificación del fragmento del gen que codifica la proteína E2 del virus PPC, mediante la técnica transcripción reversa - reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RT-PCR) y la cuantificación de los títulos virales infectivos (DICT50 /mL) por inmunoperoxidasa. Resultados:se adaptó la cepa C lapinizada a las líneas celulares RK-13 y PK-15 luego de 23 pases sucesivos, y se obtuvieron en esta última los mayores niveles de replicación viral con títulos infectivos de 105.8 DICT50 /mL. Conclusiones: las líneas celulares RK-13 y PK-15 fueron susceptibles a la infección de la cepa C, aunque la PK-15 mostró los mayores valores de replicación viral.
Estudio preliminar de úlceras gástricas en caballos de la Policía Nacional MEBUC carabineros Floridablanca, Santander
Authors:   Universidad  Cooperativa  de  Colombia, Suárez Guerrero Jesús Leonardo , Bedoya Ríos Miguel Ángel ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Gómez Celis Joaquín ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Duarte Luz Zoraya ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Published: May 2024

Proposito: se presenta un reporte de caso del síndrome de úlcera gástrica (EGUS) en tres caballos silla argen-tinos, pertenecientes al Fuerte Asturias de Carabineros Floridablanca, Santander. Temas: se realiza un examen clínico, valoración del paciente por medio de historia clínica, anamnesis, se realiza procedimiento de gastroscopia en el Centro Académico Agropecuario Guatiguará de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, en la clínica de grandes animales, ubicada en el municipio de Piedecuesta, departa-mento de Santander; posteriormente, se realiza toma de biopsias de las dos partes de la mucosa del estómago, se envían a histopatología para así dar un diagnóstico más preciso y confiable. Desarrollo: el síndrome de úlceras gástricas (EGUS) es una patología que va en incremento en la industria equina, el cual afecta las dos regiones de la mucosa del estómago y parte del duodeno proximal. Esta patología perjudica tanto a potros como caballos adultos. Se tiene una alta incidencia de la enfermedad afectando un 53 % al 93 % de la población. Es un síndrome multifactorial, se puede presentar debido a un ejercicio intenso, raciones altas en carbohidratos, comidas a deshoras, estrés, uso continuo de AINE, transporte, variaciones de la dieta, cólicos frecuentes. Conclusiones: en el presente estudio clínico se observan reportes no solo de gastritis, si no de úlceras gástri-cas en proceso de cicatrización, eritema, lesiones elevadas, y fibrinógeno, que permiten corroborar lo descrito por cada uno de los autores según revisión bibliográfica.
Explorando o Paradigma da Complexidade na Prática Pedagógica: a experiência da integração de Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA) em um Curso MOOC na Educação a Distância
Authors:   PUC, Souza Lilian , Santos Welington ,   PUC, Torres Patrícia ,   PUC, Behrens Marilda ,   PUC
Published: May 2024

Este estudo integra a discussão conduzida pelo grupo de pesquisa Prática Pedagógica na Educação Presencial e a Distância: Metodologias e Recursos Inovadores de Aprendizagem (PRAPETEC), vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da PUCPR. No âmbito dessa pesquisa, procurou-se investigar de que forma o paradigma da complexidade afeta a prática pedagógica ao se incorporarem Recursos Educacionais Abertos, em um curso MOOC na Educação a Distância. Almejou-se também analisar como esse paradigma contribui para a compreensão e o aperfeiçoamento da prática pedagógica mediante o uso de Recursos Educacionais Abertos em um curso MOOC na Educação a Distância. Com uma abordagem qualitativa, o estudo empregou um questionário por meio de Formulários Google, aplicado a dez integrantes do grupo de pesquisa. Além disso, o estudo contou com as contribuições teóricas de autores como Freire (2006), Lopes (2005), Moran (2000), Moraes (2021), Nóvoa (2019), além de textos de referências das próprias autoras. Quanto aos resultados, a partir das percepções sobre a influência na prática pedagógica constatou-se que a integração de REAs em um curso MOOC promove aprendizagens personalizadas e significativas. Essa integração potencializa o processo de ensino por meio dos Princípios do Paradigma da Complexidade, que envolve as abordagens inter e transdisciplinares, no acolhimento da visão complexa/holística do conhecimento incorporando o incentivo ao trabalho colaborativo e à participação ativa e autorregulada do estudante. No que se refere, especificamente ao curso MOOC, os respondentes da pesquisa também apontaram alguns desafios a serem superados, tais como a baixa taxa de conclusão, a ausência de feedback personalizado e a dificuldade dos estudantes em manter a autodisciplina no curso sem a presença de tutoria.
Internal force transfer in segmental RC structures
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Akdeniz University, Bashirzade Seymur , Ozcan Okan ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Akdeniz University, Cagdas Izzet Ufuk ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Akdeniz University
Published: May 2024

The primary objective of this numerical study is to provide a finite element (FE) analysis approach for segmental structures. The study was conducted using a hollow circular segmental structure model capable of adequately imitating real structural behavior and deals with the effect of varying number of segments on structural performance. In order to verify the FE procedure conducted by DIANA software, comparisons are made with the acquired numerical results and the results taken from previous experimental studies for 1 reinforced concrete (RC) beam, 2 post-tensioned (PT) beam, and 3 segmental post-tensioned beams (SPT). For the considered cases, 1D line, 2D shell, and 3D solid FE models are made, and it is found out that the 3D solid model with interface elements yields the most plausible results. Further, the FE model was constructed to accurately predict segment joint behavior concerning the relationship between the number of segments, concrete compressive strength, and the width of the openings at the segment joints up to collapse. In this study, a hollow circular segmental structure model is utilized to mimic real structural behavior, presenting a novel perspective on internal force transfer mechanisms within segmental structures. Moreover, the FE model is tailored to accurately predict segment joint behavior, elucidating the intricate relationship between the number of segments, concrete compressive strength, and the width of openings at segment joints up to collapse. In addition to presenting a robust numerical analysis framework, this study contributes novel insights into the complex interplay between segmental geometry, material properties, and structural behavior, thus advancing the state-of-the-art in segmental structural design. Thus, a modular construction methodology is proposed for segmental beam type structures ensuring safety, efficiency, and flexibility in challenging load conditions.
Optimizing concrete strength through pozzolan variation, heat treatment, and alkaline solution modulation: A comprehensive study
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Teuku Umar University, Yusra Andi , Jasmi Jasmi ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Teuku Umar University, Simatupang Hernanda Mirza Pratama ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Teuku Umar University, Irwansyah Irwansyah ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Opirina Lissa ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Teuku Umar University
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to assess concrete characteristics and mechanical properties by incorporating pozzolan variations, heat treatments, and alkaline solution molarities. It focused on identifying the optimal pozzolan addition percentage for achieving maximum concrete strength. Specimens underwent heat treatments at 60°C, 90°C, and exposure to alkaline solutions with molarity levels of 6M for rice husk ash and 8M for palm shell ash (PSA). Compressive strength testing at 28 days revealed the most optimal strength of 25.80 MPa in concrete without heat treatment, with 10% Palm Shell Ash pozzolan addition. Non-pozzolan concrete subjected to 1 day of 90°C heat treatment exhibited a strength of 21.99 MPa. The lowest strength observed in concrete without heat treatment, with 15% rice husk ash, resulting in 12.50 MPa. FTIR analysis focused on the chemical aspects of concrete, particularly changes in molecular structure due to different parameters. Composite concrete samples incorporating rice husk ash pozzolan and varying alkaline solution concentrations showed negligible differences. Further analysis found that mixing concrete with 15% Palm shell ash without heat treatment resulted in optimal compressive strength of 22.60 MPa, highlighting PSA's potential in increasing concrete strength. The research also emphasized the effect of temperature on concrete strength, with non-pozzolan concrete heated at 90°C for 1 day showing decreased strength. Comparison of pozzolan influence revealed that Rice Husk Ash tended to reduce concrete strength, especially at higher percentages, indicating a different response to pozzolan types. FTIR analysis identified chemical components in Rice Husk Ash (RHA) pozzolan concrete, laying the foundation for understanding pozzolan-concrete matrix interaction. However, further analysis needed for accurate interpretation of FTIR results and understanding the mechanism behind pozzolan's influence on concrete strength.
Criterion to evaluate the convenience of implementing evaporative precooling in air-cooled chillers
Authors:   Tecnológico de Monterrey, Huertas-Cardozo José Ignacio
Published: May 2024

This study presents a criterion to determine if local conditions of meteorology and the cost of energy and water favor the use of evaporative precooling in air-cooled chillers. It has been found that when the energy saved per unit of water consumed is higher than the ratio between the cost of water and electricity, it is economically attractive to operate the chiller with evaporative precooling. Furthermore, we found that the energy savings are proportional to the annual average wet-bulb depression (AWBD) temperature. As a case study, we tested this criterion by comparing it with results of monitoring every ten minutes and for more than five months, the operation of a frequently used chiller (82 RT) working in northern Mexico. Considering the past six years of hourly meteorological conditions of this region, we found that, on average, 4.4% of the annual energy consumption can be saved by evaporative precooling. That saving could be up to 23% at some hours of the year. These results represent a potential saving of 35.7 MWh/year. However, it requires the use of 1,759 m3/year of water to moisten the air. Considering the current water and energy prices in the study region, the evaporative precooling represents a saving of USD 2,704/year. This monetary saving is relevant considering that many companies and buildings use tens of these chillers in their production line or air conditioning systems.
THE RIGHT TO REMUNERATION FOR PRIVATE COPYING IN UKRAINIAN COPYRIGHT: DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES IN THE LIGHT OF THE EU ACQUIS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Maidanyk Liubov
Published: May 2024

Background. The importance of the research topic is due to legislative changes in Ukrainian copyright in connection with the approximation to EU law. The purpose of this study is to highlight the current problems of the author's right to remuneration for private copying and reprography. It is proposed to take into account the case law of the EU Court of Justice on the collection and payment of fair remuneration for private copying and reprography when implementing the provisions of Ukrainian legislation in terms of the criteria for calculating the amount of remuneration. Methods. The research was conducted using the methods of comparison and analysis. Results. The following criteria are defined: legal or illegal source of downloading of the object, protection of the work by technical means of protection, economic feasibility, correlation with the price level of the media or device, and exclusion of professional equipment. The author concludes that in certain cases, the mechanisms of statutory remuneration, which is defined in the law of Ukraine through the concept of "fair remuneration", provide right holders with income for the use of works permitted by law, including for reproduction of works for personal purposes ("private copying"). The author identifies the reasons and ways to solve the problem of the inefficiency of private copying provisions in Ukrainian legislation. The author provides a general description of the provisions of Ukrainian copyright in terms of restrictions on the author's exclusive rights, and then defines the current understanding of the EU copyright concepts which have been implemented in national legislation, namely, fair remuneration and certain elements of private copying. Conclusions. The author recommends that CMOs should apply the criteria established by the EU Court of Justice for the formation of draft tariffs for private copying, as well as the introduction of the obligation of CMOs to inform users about the criteria used to determine specific tariffs in the form of an independent empirical study.
PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS' PERSPECTIVES ON PEDAGOGICAL CHALLENGES EXPERIENCED DURING WORK-BASED LEARNING
Authors: Margeviča-Grinberga Ieva , Šūmane Ilze
Published: May 2024

This study investigates prospective teachers' perspectives regarding pedagogical issues and evaluates their readiness to address these challenges during instructional practice. The research investigates the experiences and perspectives of 67 students currently enrolled in teacher education programmes by employing a narrative content analysis methodology. The results point to several significant areas of concern among prospective teachers. Initially, classroom management emerged as a primary challenge, with many students expressing anxiety about efficiently managing diverse classroom dynamics and maintaining discipline. This problem indicates the need to pay more attention to classroom management strategies in study courses. Furthermore, the findings emphasize difficulties in effectively differentiating instruction to meet the diverse needs of learners. It was indicated that there is a need for more concentrated training in inclusive teaching methods since students voiced worries about their capacity to adjust teaching approaches to accommodate a variety of learning styles and abilities. The study suggests that prospective teachers are generally enthusiastic about their future careers but also recognize significant pedagogical challenges.  To properly prepare future educators for the realities of the classroom, these findings have implications for teacher education programmes. They indicate a need for a more specific focus on practical skills such as classroom management and inclusive teaching practices.
CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES IN TRAINING TEACHERS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL NON-FORMAL EDUCATION IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA
Authors: Yanlin Wu , Dovzhenko Tatiana , Mkrtichian Oksana
Published: May 2024

China has seen significant changes in its educational landscape recently, with a growing focus on holistic education for primary school students. Alongside formal schooling, non-formal education has become increasingly important, seen as a vital supplement to traditional classroom learning. However, the Chinese government perceives the widespread enthusiasm among parents for non-formal education as a negative trend, hindering positive qualitative changes in formal education. There are concerns about the lack of control, particularly regarding ideological influence, educator training, and service quality within the non-formal education sector, which also involves substantial financial investment. This article, drawing from publicly available sources, assesses the current state of China's non-formal education sector and examines the measures undertaken by the government in the past five years to enhance the quality of educational services. Additionally, it explores the future prospects of non-formal education in China within the context of policies aimed at reducing student burdens and improving educational service quality. The focus of the study is on primary and elementary school students, as this age group constitutes the primary target audience for non-formal educational opportunities in modern China.
ALCOHOL USE IN A GROUP OF ADOLESCENTS AS SOCIALLY DEFINED DEVIANT BEHAVIOR
Authors: Saukuma Ieva
Published: May 2024

Alcohol consumption among adolescents in social theories is considered a formally defined deviant behavior. There is no doubt about the negative health consequences of this behavior, however, several researchers point to its role in the process of growing up and socialization. Along with the development of theories of deviant behavior, the question –  whether alcohol consumption among adolescents is still identified as deviant behavior, becomes relevant. To assess the aspect of alcohol consumption as a socially determined deviance, the results of a longitudinal cohort study among Latvian schoolchildren were analyzed. The analysis of the research data includes such indicators as the characteristics of the situation and age of the adolescent when they try to alcohol first and the attitude of parents towards adolescents alcohol use. The research data were compared in four stages from the start of 7th grade (T1) till the end of 9th grade (T4). The results indicate that adolescents are well informed about the legal ban on alcohol consumption (at the beginning of the study in the T1 period, 89.3% were aware of the ban on the use of alcohol by minors). Still, the contradictory behavior of the parents, allowing adolescents to consume alcohol (in the T4 period, 65.9% of students who have consumed alcohol, their parents have permitted to do so) creates an ambiguous perception of alcohol consumption as a deviant behavior among adolescents. In general, this contradiction can reduce the effectiveness of normative and communicative tools in the prevention of alcohol initiation among adolescents. The results of the study confirm - that to delay the initiation of alcohol consumption among adolescents - it is necessary to define alcohol consumption among adolescents as deviant behavior in society as a whole.
THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Āboliņa Anda , Mežinska Silvija , Ļubkina Velta
Published: May 2024

The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is visible in both the workplace and in education. The progress in AI usage brings about changes and new opportunities for higher education as a whole, across various professional domains. The implications of AI's impact pose a challenge for higher education institutions because students need to be prepared for professional careers, taking into account both the opportunities and offerings created by AI. The study and daily life with AI are widely discussed topics in various sectors, including education. The aim of the research is to provide an overview of the use of AI tools in higher education, particularly in fields like engineering and design, and to analyze the level of user readiness for their application. Research methods include theoretical aspects such as literature review and analysis of internet resources, as well as empirical methods like focus group discussions and analysis of expert interview data. The research is based on 44 students, 4 lecturers in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and 1 representative from a company working with AI and Machine Learning (ML). The research period is in the autumn of 2023. The research results offer an overview of existing tools and demonstrate awareness of the impact and application possibilities of AI in studies, as well as the current level of user readiness for using AI tools. They also highlight potential research directions for integrating AI capabilities with the study process to assist teachers and students in understanding the latest AI opportunities, promoting preparedness, and considering AI challenges in the future.
INNOVATIVE SOCIAL WORK TECHNOLOGIES DURING MARTIAL LAW
Authors: Katerynych Anna , Martyniuk Yana , Kharkivska Tetiana
Published: May 2024

Innovative technologies in the field of social work play an important role in supporting the population in the conditions of martial law. Their introduction makes it possible to more effectively solve problems related to the humanitarian consequences of war and provide the necessary support to vulnerable population groups. Modern technologies can become a key tool for the work of social services in difficult conditions. A period of martial law always leads to complex challenges for society, including social aspects. Children and young people, including those with disabilities, need special attention. The authors propose to consider modern technologies as a tool for improving social work with children and young people in the conditions of martial law. An important aspect will be the results and recommendations for social sector specialists regarding their implementation. The purpose of the article is to define and substantiate innovative technologies of social work during martial law with children and youth, including persons with disabilities, and to provide recommendations for social sector specialists regarding the use of the outlined technologies in the social sector of the state and public organizations. The article is devoted to the use of innovative technologies of social work for the development of conflict-free communication skills, effective communication, leadership and creative potential, as well as the involvement of young people in volunteering and social integration.
TESTING AND STRATEGIES OF THE ANATOMAGE TABLE USE IN TEACHING PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Authors: Kazoka Dzintra , Pilmane Mara
Published: May 2024

At the Department of Morphology, integrating the Anatomage Table (AT) into medical education is a supplementary resource to teach virtual Human Anatomy to medical students and their future professional and clinical careers. This study aimed to examine and test an AT in teaching a virtual Physical Anthropology course and assess the tutors’ beliefs and perceptions regarding using technology for teaching. Two tutors participated in the study from autumn 2022 until autumn 2023. Data were collected by tutors who followed specific methods to identify and measure anthropometrical points for evaluation. Tutors paid attention to the available virtual human body images for data collection, research, teaching and learning. Several anthropometrical measurements were performed and collected based on standard methods and positions in the table views. AT was mandatory to verify precise indicators’ location and confirm digital instruments for their detection over several human bodies. As part of this study, suggestions for the utilization of the AT to gather essential anthropometrical information have been prepared. Future studies can aim to generate unique methods and supplemental procedures for getting anthropometrical data in contact with AT and using this technology in teaching Physical Anthropology.
PEDAGOGICAL THEATRE METHOD WITHIN THE MULTISENSORY APPROACH IN CAREER EDUCATION AT SCHOOL
Authors: Šmite Jolanta , Dišlere Vija
Published: May 2024

Career is an important area of life, the development of which should be developed as early as school years. It is important to help a student get as much information as possible about opportunities in their career choices from the start of primary school, help them find the right direction for them, knowing their desires, skills and talents. Insufficient methodological support for primary school pupils in early stages of career education determines the problem of the study. The aim of the study is to theoretically investigate the Pedagogical Theater Method, to develop a Multisensory Approach Scheme Using the Theater Method to promote the development of students' sensory awareness in career education in the 5th Grade. A 24 pupil’s survey was conducted, descriptive statistics were used for data processing. Pedagogical theater method develops the skill of using the senses (sight, hearing, taste, smell or touch) and using real life experience, thus expanding opportunities for self-discovery and choosing a potential future career. The Multi-Sensory Approach, when several senses are stimulated at the same time, methodically using purposefully prepared tasks, promotes the development of students' sensory awareness, which can be used in career education and choosing a future profession. The Pedagogical Theater Method organically fits into the implementation scheme of the Multisensory Approach in Career Education for the 5th Grade. The Pedagogical Theater Method is suitable for the implementation of career education in work with pupils.
TEACHERS’ MOTIVATIONS, BELIEFS, AND EXPECTATIONS REGARDING MORAL EDUCATION IN UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION
Authors: Fernández González Manuel Joaquín , Mūrnieks Andrejs , Vējiņš Reinis , Sidorova Anna , Elksne Gunita
Published: May 2024

This study explored high school teachers’ motivations and preferences regarding adolescents’ moral education in the context of the assessment of the newly developed program ‘e-TAP+’ for virtue education in Grades 10 to 12 in Latvia. The program comprises four modules: personal flourishing, flourishing relationships, societal flourishing, and digital flourishing. The research questions guiding the research were: Which aspects of moral education at high school were most important for teachers, as evidenced by the topics they chose to pilot in their classes? What were teachers' motivations for and expectations of participating in the evaluation of the virtue education program? This mixed-method survey research used an online questionnaire completed by 107 secondary school teachers from all regions of Latvia. In December 2023 – January 2024 teachers volunteered to participate in the piloting of the program, chose their preferred topics, and provided open-ended feedback on their choices and motivations. A total of 225 topics were chosen (90 in Grade 10, 81 in Grade 11, and 54 in Grade 12). Preliminary findings suggest that participants’ overall opinion about the program was very positive. Teachers’ main motivations were (1) the availability of quality materials for classroom discussion about virtues and values, and (2) the topicality of the program’s themes. Teachers in Grade 10 prioritized topics related with flourishing relationships (n=29, 32%), teachers in Grade 11 had a slightly bigger interest in personality than in relationships (n=28, 34% and n=24, 30%, respectively), and teachers in Grade 12 prioritized personality flourishing (n=20, 37%). The results will be valuable for other high school teachers and leaders, organizers of professional development courses, policymakers and other education authorities, and moral education researchers.
CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT AT LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Spridzans Martins
Published: May 2024

With the ongoing progress of digital education opportunities, recently the buzz of artificial intelligence law enforcement education processes also requires identification and analysis of evolving phenomena. In order to ensure a safe up-to-date, highly efficient training process law enforcement officials involved in education process need to be competent with current education trends as well as be able to establish future visionary self-developments, be able for timely adaptation and constant exchange of best practices. The main goal of the article is to identify, analyse and summarizes latest EU scale digital education development visions and research results in context of digital learning, artificial intelligence, possible problems, risks and concerns regarding further digital education integration within specific law enforcement education environment. The article includes the identification of problematic areas by using historic research method, particularly from digital education integration learning experiences. At the conclusion of this research future outlooks in harnessing the potential of digital education within law enforcement have been proposed based on analysis of scientific literature, legal documents as well as empirical insights derived from hands-on experience in teaching within law enforcement environment.
CONTEMPORARY PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND ITS ADDED VALUES IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Amoliņa Iveta , Lūce Intra
Published: May 2024

In the field of education, with the advancement of cutting-edge technologies and the emergence of new challenges and solutions in the education sector, coupled with increasing globalization, competition, personal ambitions, new ideas are increasingly emerging, and opportunities for their realization are sought. Professional and successful project management facilitates the development of new ideas, their implementation in both public and private sector educational institutions. To achieve the goals set in the project, it is essential to determine the core values ​​that should be adhered to throughout the process. The parties involved in the project need to understand what the project is, its elements, the process to achieve desired results, the risks involved, who the project manager is, and his team, among others. The core values ​​in projects implemented in educational institutions may vary depending on the industry in which the project is implemented, the project's goals, and implementation methods. However, there are some fundamental values ​​that the author of the article would like to highlight - development and growth, fairness and objectivity, equality, initiative and creativity, taking responsibility, honesty, moderation, diligence, and solidarity. The management of educational institutions, the organization of teaching, and the preparation of teaching materials using modern development, digitization, and competency approaches are becoming more relevant. Therefore, a systematic approach, which can be provided through project implementation, is a suitable solution. The principle of continuous improvement is fundamental to any of the approaches to managing an educational institution, regardless of whether the education system is being developed in public or private educational institutions. Currently, amidst unstable political situations and widely available forms of support (grants, donations, capital discounts, etc.), Latvia is once again facing new challenges in economic development. Projects are one of the tools that can be used to implement ideas or improve the knowledge, capacity, skills, and competencies of educational institution staff, among other things. The aim of the article is to explore the core values ​​of project implementation, describing European Union Special Support (hereinafter - SAM) projects, identifying the benefits to educational institutions, and drawing conclusions about the added value of projects in the operation of educational institutions.