bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance mechanism for ibrutinib in marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Epperla Narendranath , Shana’ah Arwa Y. , Jones Dan , Christian Beth A. , Ayyappan Sabarish , Maddocks Kami , Woyach Jennifer A.
Published: February 2019

Key Points

The molecular events leading to primary and acquired resistance to ibrutinib in marginal zone lymphoma have not been studied. We describe the first case of MZL with acquired resistance to ibrutinib in which mutations in both BTK (C481S) and PLCG2 are documented.
FaultSeg3D: Using synthetic data sets to train an end-to-end convolutional neural network for 3D seismic fault segmentation
Authors: Wu Xinming , Liang Luming , Shi Yunzhi , Fomel Sergey
Published: February 2019

Delineating faults from seismic images is a key step for seismic structural interpretation, reservoir characterization, and well placement. In conventional methods, faults are considered as seismic reflection discontinuities and are detected by calculating attributes that estimate reflection continuities or discontinuities. We consider fault detection as a binary image segmentation problem of labeling a 3D seismic image with ones on faults and zeros elsewhere. We have performed an efficient image-to-image fault segmentation using a supervised fully convolutional neural network. To train the network, we automatically create 200 3D synthetic seismic images and corresponding binary fault labeling images, which are shown to be sufficient to train a good fault segmentation network. Because a binary fault image is highly imbalanced between zeros (nonfault) and ones (fault), we use a class-balanced binary cross-entropy loss function to adjust the imbalance so that the network is not trained or converged to predict only zeros. After training with only the synthetic data sets, the network automatically learns to calculate rich and proper features that are important for fault detection. Multiple field examples indicate that the neural network (trained by only synthetic data sets) can predict faults from 3D seismic images much more accurately and efficiently than conventional methods. With a TITAN Xp GPU, the training processing takes approximately 2 h and predicting faults in a [Formula: see text] seismic volume takes only milliseconds.
Quantifying Uncertainty and Robustness in a Biomathematical Model–Based Patient-Specific Response Metric for Glioblastoma
Authors: Hawkins-Daarud Andrea , Johnston Sandra K. , Swanson Kristin R.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Glioblastomas, lethal primary brain tumors, are known for their heterogeneity and invasiveness. A growing body of literature has been developed demonstrating the clinical relevance of a biomathematical model, the proliferation-invasion model, of glioblastoma growth. Of interest here is the development of a treatment response metric, days gained (DG). This metric is based on individual tumor kinetics estimated through segmented volumes of hyperintense regions on T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. This metric was shown to be prognostic of time to progression. Furthermore, it was shown to be more prognostic of outcome than standard response metrics. Although promising, the original article did not account for uncertainty in the calculation of the DG metric, leaving the robustness of this cutoff in question.

Methods

We harnessed the Bayesian framework to consider the impact of two sources of uncertainty: (1) image acquisition and (2) interobserver error in image segmentation. We first used synthetic data to characterize what nonerror variants are influencing the final uncertainty in the DG metric. We then considered the original patient cohort to investigate clinical patterns of uncertainty and to determine how robust this metric is for predicting time to progression and overall survival.

Results

Our results indicate that the key clinical variants are the time between pretreatment images and the underlying tumor growth kinetics, matching our observations in the clinical cohort. Finally, we demonstrated that for this cohort, there was a continuous range of cutoffs between 94 and 105 for which the prediction of the time to progression was over 80% reliable.

Conclusion

Although additional validation must be performed, this work represents a key step in ascertaining the clinical utility of this metric.
Surface Dissolution UV Imaging for Investigation of Dissolution of Poorly Soluble Drugs and Their Amorphous Formulation
Authors: Long Chiau Ming , Tang Kin , Chokshi Hitesh , Fotaki Nikoletta
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the dissolution properties of poorly soluble drugs from their pure form and their amorphous formulation under physiological relevant conditions for oral administration based on surface dissolution ultraviolet (UV) imaging. Dissolution of two poorly soluble drugs (cefuroxime axetil and itraconazole) and their amorphous formulations (Zinnat® and Sporanox®) was studied with the Sirius Surface Dissolution Imager (SDI). Media simulating the fasted state conditions (compendial and biorelevant) with sequential media/flow rate change were used. The dissolution mechanism of cefuroxime axetil in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) is predominantly swelling as opposed to the convective flow in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF-V1), attributed to the effect of mixed micelles. For the itraconazole compact in biorelevant media, a clear upward diffusion of the dissolved itraconazole into the bulk buffer solution is observed. Dissolution of itraconazole from the Sporanox® compact is affected by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) gelling layer and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix, and a steady diffusional dissolution pattern is revealed. A visual representation and a quantitative assessment of dissolution properties of poorly soluble compounds and their amorphous formulation can be obtained with the use of surface dissolution imaging under in vivo relevant conditions.
The HMG box transcription factors Sox1a and Sox1b specify a new class of glycinergic interneuron in the spinal cord of zebrafish embryos
Authors: Gerber Vanessa , Yang Lixin , Takamiya Masanari , Ribes Vanessa , Gourain Victor , Peravali Ravindra , Stegmaier Johannes , Mikut Ralf , Reischl Markus , Ferg Marco , Rastegar Sepand , Strähle Uwe
Published: February 2019

Specification of neurons in the spinal cord relies on extrinsic and intrinsic signals, which in turn are interpreted by expression of transcription factors. V2 interneurons develop from the ventral aspects of the spinal cord. We report here a novel neuronal V2 subtype, named V2s, in zebrafish embryos. Formation of these neurons depends on the transcription factors sox1a and sox1b. They develop from common gata2a- and gata3-dependent precursors co-expressing markers of V2b and V2s interneurons. Chemical blockage of Notch signalling causes a decrease in V2s and an increase in V2b cells. Our results are consistent with the existence of at least two types of precursor arranged in a hierarchical manner in the V2 domain. V2s neurons grow long ipsilateral descending axonal projections with a short branch at the ventral midline. They acquire a glycinergic neurotransmitter type during the second day of development. Unilateral ablation of V2s interneurons causes a delay in touch-provoked escape behaviour, suggesting that V2s interneurons are involved in fast motor responses.
Autonomic control of cardiovascular adjustments associated with orthostasis in the scansorial snakeBoa constrictor
Authors: Armelin Vinicius Araújo , Braga Victor Hugo da Silva , Guagnoni Igor Noll , Crestani Ariela Maltarolo , Abe Augusto Shinya , Florindo Luiz Henrique
Published: February 2019

Orthostatic hypotension is a phenomenon triggered by a change in the position or posture of an animal, from a horizontal to a vertical head-up orientation, characterised by a blood pooling in the lower body and a reduction in central and cranial arterial blood pressure (PA). This hypotension elicits systemic vasoconstriction and tachycardia, which generally reduce blood pooling and increase PA. Little is known about the mediation and importance of such cardiovascular adjustments that counteracts the haemodynamic effects of orthostasis in ectothermic vertebrates, and some discrepancies exist in the knowledge available on this subject. Thus, we sought to expand the knowledge on this issue by investigating it in a more elaborate way, through an in vivo pharmacological approach considering temporal circulatory changes during head-up body inclinations in unanaesthetised Boa constrictor. To do so, we analysed temporal changes in PA, heart rate (fH) and cardiac autonomic tones associated with 30° and 60° inclinations, before and after muscarinic blockade with atropine, double blockade with atropine and propranolol, and α1-adrenergic blockade with prazosin. Additionally, the animals’ fH variability was analysed. The results revealed that, in B. constrictor: (1) the orthostatic-tachycardia is initially mediated by a decrease in cholinergic tone followed later by an increase in adrenergic tone, a pattern that may be evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates; (2) the orthostatic-tachycardia is important for avoiding intense decrease in PA at the beginning of body inclinations; and (3) α1-adrenergic orthostatic vasomotor responses are important for the maintenance of PA in satisfactory values during long-term inclinations.
Synergistic N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Palladium-Catalyzed Allylation of Aldehydes with Allylic Carbonates
Authors: Takemoto Shunsuke , Ishii Takuya , Yasuda Shigeo , Ohmiya Hirohisa
Published: February 2019

The synergistic merger of a thiazolium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst and a palladium–bisphosphine catalyst enabled the allylation of aldehyde acyl anions using allylic carbonates as electrophiles. Owing to the mildness of the reaction conditions, various functional groups were tolerated in the substrates.
Fundamentals of educational and cognitive activity of College students. Methodical advice to students on the formation of basic educational skills
Authors: Беликов Владимир , Belikov V. , Романов Петр , Romanov Petr
Published: February 2019

The textbook deals with the issues of education of the personality of College students and school students on the basis of educational and cognitive activity, offers ways to solve the problem of mastering the basic skills of students in such types of educational and cognitive activities as observation, experiment, work with the book and systematization of knowledge. Also some features of creative educational and research activity are revealed. The solution to the problem of mastering educational and cognitive activity, according to the authors of the manual, can be carried out on the basis of algorithms of its main types and provide the formation of generalized skills.
Students are offered specific recommendations for self-mastery of these skills.
All recommendations and tips are universal and do not depend on the direction and profile of education, the studied subject, the characteristics of the tasks performed. The practical examples given in the manual only help to understand the proposed material.
The book is intended for first-year College students, high school students who wish to study independently, and for their teachers and lecturers.
Social Skills and Suicide Risk in Adolescents of an Education Institute of the City of Armenia (Quindío, Colombia)
Authors: Gonzáles Portillo Juan , Franco Monroy David Alejandro , Marín Vasco Jessica Alejandra , Restrepo Chacón Stefany
Published: February 2019

Introduction: The objective of this article is to establish the relationship between the acquisition of social skills and the clinical expression of suicidal ideation and suicide risk in adolescents. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted following a descriptive and correlational design, in a population of 115 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years old. The Beck’s Hopelessness Scale and the Goldstein Social Skills Test were applied. Results: Data showed that there is a significant, inversely proportional correlation between the social skills and a lower risk of suicidal symptomatology. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results it was possible to corroborate how family plays a relevant role in the emotional regulation and in acquiring social skills in the individual, it was also possible to sustain that, on the basis of a healthy copying style in the resolution of vital problems, the possibility of developing any suicidal expression slows down.
Autopercepción de la imagen corporal y conductas alimentarias de riesgo en estudiantes universitarios de medicina en Xalapa, Veracruz, México (2014)
Authors: Mendoza González Mauricio Fidel , Olalde Libreros Guadalupe Jacqueline
Published: February 2019

Introducción: el estándar de belleza actual se asocia con la delgadez, situación que puede alterar la percepción corporal y consecuentemente conducir al desarrollo de algún trastorno alimentario. Objetivo: determinar la relación de los índices de insatisfacción y distorsión de la imagen corporal y las conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), en una población universitaria de estudiantes de medicina en Veracruz, México. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico en una población de 187 estudiantes. Se elaboró una cédula que incluyó el SFS-test para evaluar la imagen corporal y estimar los índices de insatisfacción y distorsión de la imagen corporal; el Cuestionario Breve de Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo validado en población mexicana, así como variables sociales. Se realizó análisis descriptivo con medidas básicas de frecuencia y dispersión, bivariado y multimodal. Resultados: el 43 % eran mujeres y la edad promedio 21 años (±1.7) similar en ambos sexos. La prevalencia de alto riesgo de car fue de 8.6%, superior en los hombres (9.4% frente a 7.4%) y del mediano riesgo 23.5% con la distribución invertida por sexo (28.4 % en las mujeres y 19.8 % en los hombres). El índice de insatisfacción fue del 59.4 %, quienes percibieron tener mayor peso del que les gustaría tener y en la distorsión de la imagen corporal se observó que un 41.2 % suponía tener mayor peso que el arrojado por la evaluación antro- pométrica. Conclusión: los índices de insatisfacción mostraron gradiente de correlación positivo con las CAR, siendo más evidente en los hombres.
Manejo de la avifauna como parte de la gestión del arbolado urbano en Bogotá D. C.
Authors: Tovar Corzo Germán
Published: February 2019

El proceso de urbanización de Bogotá impacta directamente sobre la cobertura arbórea, debido a que los proyectos de construcción priorizan la tala en vez del traslado, y sus proyectos paisajísticos compensan insuficientemente su impacto negativo. La reducción progresiva de espacios verdes y arbolado disminuyen los hábitats necesarios para las aves. En la gestión del arbolado urbano, que incluye actividades de plantación, poda, traslado y tala, la ciudad aplica procedimientos para reducir su impacto sobre la avifauna. Su autoridad ambiental ha generado información para ampliar el conocimiento y permitir el entendimiento de la dinámica existente entre árboles y aves urbanas, que sirve de base para analizar la eficiencia de su acción, tanto en el procedimiento de manejo de avifauna como en el diseño y selección de especies en nuevas arborizaciones. Se presentan estadísticas de informes finales de manejo de avifauna de varias obras de infraestructura y los resultados de un estudio elaborado entre la Secretaría Distrital de Ambiente (sda) y la Asociación Bogotana de Ornitología (abo), en el que se formulan criterios técnicos para la conectividad ecológica con énfasis en la conservación de aves y la consolidación de procesos de restauración en la Estructura Ecológica Principal de la ciudad.
Percepciones de vecinos sobre problemas sociales y ambientales en el Gran La Plata, Argentina. Hacia una agenda de Gestión Integral del Territorio
Authors: Canevari Tomas , Banzato Guillermo , Cirio Gastón
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo presenta resultados de una encuesta realizada en dos amplias zonas del Gran La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, con posterioridad a la trágica inundación del 2 de abril de 2013. Su objetivo es analizar las percepciones que los habitantes de estos barrios tenían con respecto a los problemas sociales y ambientales para aplicar los resultados en el diseño de agendas científicas de intervención y transformación. En el artículo se retoma el enfoque territorial de la teoría social crítica del espacio y se aplica parcialmente el Método Territorii, que aporta una visión integral de los territorios incorporando la participación de actores comunitarios, políticos, económicos y científico-técnicos. Finalmente, se presentan los avances obtenidos en agendas científicas en ejecución que apuntan a micro-transformaciones concretas desde una visión y gestión integral basada en los resultados obtenidos con la encuesta.
El desplazamiento forzado intraurbano: una modalidad de movilidad residencial a las coacciones controvertidas
Authors: Duriez Tiphaine
Published: February 2019

Los conflictos armados y las guerras de nuestros mundos contemporáneos han de ser analizados sin ambigüedad: para los civiles, estos enfrentamientos van acompañados de movimientos masivos de población. En la gran mayoría de los casos, estos flujos migratorios se producen dentro de las fronteras nacionales y, en este contexto, Colombia ocupa un lugar particular. Durante casi siete décadas, este territorio andino ha sido atravesado por diversas formas de reivindicaciones y enfrentamientos armados. Así, más allá de la finalización del Proceso de Paz iniciado en 2011, este país cuenta actualmente con más de 7,7 millones de desplazados internos según acnur (2018). Desde 1997, el gobierno colombiano ha adoptado una serie de medidas políticas para compensar a quienes representan a la mayoría de sus víctimas civiles de la guerra: los desplazados forzados. Enfocando la construcción de este estatuto, cuyo objetivo primero fue indemnizar la inestabilidad socioeconómica engendrada por la importancia de estos flujos migratorios, este artículo propone examinar los nexos existentes entre la ciudad y la guerra para presentar las  econfiguraciones urbanas del desplazamiento forzado. El análisis partirá de la definición del término ‘desplazamiento forzado’, tal como se entiende en Colombia para apoyar el enfoque territorial aplicado a este tipo de movilidad forzada politizada. El trabajo de tesis base de este artículo se centró alrededor de estos temas y, específicamente, en las situaciones observadas dentro de las Comunas 4 y 6 de Soacha, situaciones que servirán para ilustrar el argumentario.
Crecimiento urbano y mercado de tierras en Bogotá, 1914-1944
Authors: Colón Llamas Luis Carlos
Published: February 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre el crecimiento de Bogotá en la primera mitad del siglo xx. El objetivo es revisar cuál fue el papel de los terratenientes, urbanizadores, agentes financieros y entidades municipales encargadas de la planeación en la creación y consolidación de un mercado de tierras destinado principalmente a la construcción de vivienda. El estudio considera que la acumulación de capital fue la fuerza orientadora del crecimiento urbano en este periodo, con importantes consecuencias para la ciudad en términos de los patrones de uso de la tierra, la distribución de la población y la estructura del espacio urbano en general. La investigación se basó principalmente en las escrituras notariales de los barrios inaugurados en el periodo de estudio. Los resultados fueron obtenidos a partir de la georreferenciación de los planos originales de los barrios.
The role of food textures and supplements in malnutrition
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: February 2019

Many older people end up malnourished, one of the causes for this can be dysphagia. Linda Nazarko advises on assessment of both malnutrition and dysphagia and explains how to modify food and drink to make them easy to swallow.
Backmatter
Authors: Ati Sri
Published: February 2019

Backmatter
Manajemen Perpustakaan Sekolah pada SMA dan SMK Negeri Se-Kota Singaraja: Permasalahan dan Solusi Pemecahannya
Authors: Ariyani Luh Putu Sri
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengelolaan perpustakaan SMA dan SMK Negeri se Kota Singaraja, masalah yang dihadapi dalam pengelolaan perpustakaan serta solusi atau saran tindak pemecahannya untuk meningkatkan fungsinya sebagai perpustakaan sekolah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif yang berpusat pada deskripsi dan interpretasi atas perilaku yang ada. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengikuti beberap tahapan seperti 1) pengumpulan data, 2) reduksi data, 3) verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap perpustakaan sudah memiliki perpustakaan yang cukup memadai meskipun masih ditemukan beberapa masalah tata kelola seperti: a) kurangnya keberagaman koleksi, b) penataan koleksi yang tidak beraturan, c) kurangnya sarana dan prasaran, d) program literasi sekolah setengah hati, e) ketiadaan pustakawan professional. Saran tindak yang bisa diambil dalam penyelesaian masalah tersebut adalah: pertama, melakukan pengembangan koleksi dengan baik khususnya kegiatan seleksi koleksi perpustakaan.Kedua, bekerjasama dengan berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan terhadap keberadaan perpustakaan sekolah.Ketiga, sosialisas program literasi sekolah bagi semua siswa dengan pengawasan guru.Keempat, sekolah dalam hal ini kepala sekolah bisa mempekerjakan pustakawan profesional dengan berhubungan langsung ke perguruan tinggi yang mencetak calon-calon pustakawan.Kelima, Memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi, informasi dan komunikasi untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan keragaman koleksi di perpustakaan.
Pengaruh Word of Mouth terhadap Minat Berkunjung Pemustaka pada Perpustakaan Daerah Salatiga
Authors: Hermawan Anton
Published: February 2019

Perpustakaan sebagai sumber informasi dan ilmu pengetahuan tidak hanya dihimpun,  diolah, dan disimpan namun perlu untuk disebarkan kepada masyarakat. Upaya untuk menyebarluaskan keberadaan perpustakaan tidak terbatas pada cara pemasaran konvensional (umum), tetapi dapat melalui berita dari mulut ke mulut. Diharapkan melalui cara tersebut minat berkunjung ke perpustakaan dapat meningkat. Oleh karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti hubungan antara WOM dengan minat berkunjung pada perpustakaan. Analisa menggunakan statistic deskriptif dan regresi linier sederhana. Data yang diperoleh diproses menggunakan SPSS 22. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh  berita dari mulut ke mulut terhadap minat berkunjung ke perpustakaan.
Analisis Representasi Perpustakaan STIM YKPN pada Video Promosi Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Setiawan Moh Very
Published: February 2019

Representasi perpustakaan dalam berbagai video seringkali masih dipengaruhi oleh pandangan perpustakaan dalam konsep tradisional. Pandangan seperti ini tentunya tidak tepat jika digunakan untuk merepresentasikan sebuah perpustakaan dalam video promosi perpustakaan perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui bagaimana tanggapan para pengguna perpustakaan STIM YKPN mengenai representasi perpustakaan pada video promosi perguruan tinggi yang diunggah pada youtube. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis resepsi. Informan yang dipilih pada penelitian ini yaitu 5 mahasiswa yang berasal dari semester tiga, lima dan tujuh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: perpustakaan masih sering digambarkan sebagai tempat belajar mandiri dan hal ini bertolak belakang dengan pendapat informan bahwa perpustakaan sekarang ini seharusnya lebih digambarkan sebagai sebagai social space. Perpustakaan seharusnya juga tidak direpresentasikan sebagai tempat yang sempit dan cenderung sepi. Representasi pustakawan sebagai wanita dengan yang hanya bertugas dalam layanan sirkulasi juga disangkal oleh beberapa pendapat, meskipun pendapat lain menyatakan bahwa hal tersebut tidak menjadi sebuah masalah. Para informan juga menolak cara penelusuran koleksi yang direpresentasikan secara manul dan terkesan tradisional. Selain itu para informan juga tidak setuju jika koleksi yang ditampilkan hanya sebatas koleksi buku pendidikan. Mereka menjelaskan bahwa koleksi lain seperti majalah, jurnal atau novel yang sifatnya hiburan juga dapat ditampilkan dengan cara yang menarik.
Hubungan Literasi Digital dengan Kualitas Penggunaan E-Resources
Authors: Nurjanah Ervina , Rusmana Agus , Yanto Andri
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini membahas tentang hubungan literasi digital dengan kualitas penggunaan e-resources. Literasi digital dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada konseptualisasi literasi digital yang terdiri dari empat dimensi utama yaitu kemampuan dasar, latar belakang pengetahuan informasi, kompetensi utama literasi digital, serta sikap dan perspektif. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara literasi digital dengan kualitas penggunaan e-resources pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasional yaitu untuk mengetahui ada dan tidaknya hubungan antara dua variabel atau lebih dan seberapa tingkat hubungannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada 90 orang mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi angkatan 2014 Universitas Padjadjaran yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan dasar literasi digital memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualitas penggunaan e-resources, dengan kategori low correlation. Latar belakang pengetahuan informasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualitas penggunaan e-resources, dengan kategori moderate correlation. Kompetensi utama literasi digital memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualitas penggunaan e-resources, dengan kategori moderate correlation. Sikap dan perspektif pengguna informasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualitas penggunaan e-resources, dengan kategori moderate correlation. Secara keseluruhan literasi digital memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualitas penggunaan e-resources, dengan kategori very high correlation, artinya literasi digital menjadi faktor yang sangat menentukan terhadap tingginya kualitas penggunaan e-resources.
LCox: a tool for selecting genes related to survival outcomes using longitudinal gene expression data
Authors: Sun Jiehuan , Herazo-Maya Jose D. , Wang Jane-Ling , Kaminski Naftali , Zhao Hongyu
Published: February 2019

Longitudinal genomics data and survival outcome are common in biomedical studies, where the genomics data are often of high dimension. It is of great interest to select informative longitudinal biomarkers (e.g. genes) related to the survival outcome. In this paper, we develop a computationally efficient tool, LCox, for selecting informative biomarkers related to the survival outcome using the longitudinal genomics data. LCox is powerful to detect different forms of dependence between the longitudinal biomarkers and the survival outcome. We show that LCox has improved performance compared to existing methods through extensive simulation studies. In addition, by applying LCox to a dataset of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, we are able to identify biologically meaningful genes while all other methods fail to make any discovery. An R package to perform LCox is freely available at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=LCox.
Recognition of Concrete and Gray Brick Based on Color and Texture Features
Authors: Zhuang Jiangteng , Yang Jianhong , Fang Huaiying , Xiao Wen , Ku Yuedong
Published: February 2019

Identification and classification of construction waste are two important aspects of construction waste recycling. This study proposes a method based on image processing to identify gray brick and concrete, the most difficult types to identify that have the highest percentage of construction waste. By combining color features with texture features, machine learning algorithms are used for training and recognition. We paid great attention to the comparison of the performance of different color models, which includes Red, Green, Blue (RGB), Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV), and Lab. We found that gray histograms and color moments were suitable as color features of concrete and gray bricks. Meanwhile, the eigenvalues of the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) were also discussed. Contrast, angular second moment, inverse different moment, and correlation in the five eigenvalues of GLCM were selected as texture features via experiments. We used three machine learning algorithms to train the extracted data. The results showed that the extreme learning machine had the lowest accuracy (96.25 %), whereas the support vector machine and back propagation algorithm had higher accuracy of 96.875 % and 98.125 %, respectively. The online testing had the accuracy of 95 %, indicating that the selected features are effective, and the accuracy can meet the engineering needs.
Sleep-State Dependent Alterations in Brain Functional Connectivity under Urethane Anesthesia in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zhurakovskaya Ekaterina , Leikas Juuso , Pirttimäki Tiina , Casas Mon Francesc , Gynther Mikko , Aliev Rubin , Rantamäki Tomi , Tanila Heikki , Forsberg Markus M. , Gröhn Olli , Paasonen Jaakko , Jalkanen Aaro J.
Published: February 2019

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the gradual degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to striatal dopamine depletion. A partial unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion causes 40–60% dopamine depletion in the lesioned rat striatum, modeling the early stage of PD. In this study, we explored the connectivity between the brain regions in partially 6-OHDA lesioned male Wistar rats under urethane anesthesia using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 5 weeks after the 6-OHDA infusion. Under urethane anesthesia, the brain fluctuates between the two states, resembling rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep states. We observed clear urethane-induced sleep-like states in 8/19 lesioned animals and 8/18 control animals. 6-OHDA lesioned animals exhibited significantly lower functional connectivity between the brain regions. However, we observed these differences only during the REM-like sleep state, suggesting the involvement of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in REM sleep regulation. Corticocortical and corticostriatal connections were decreased in both hemispheres, reflecting the global effect of the lesion. Overall, this study describes a promising model to study PD-related sleep disorders in rats using fMRI.
Regulation of Myelination by Exosome Associated Retinoic Acid Release from NG2-Positive Cells
Authors: Goncalves Maria B. , Wu Yue , Clarke Earl , Grist John , Hobbs Carl , Trigo Diogo , Jack Julian , Corcoran Jonathan P.T.
Published: February 2019

In the CNS, oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelin formation and maintenance. Following spinal cord injury, oligodendrocyte loss and an inhibitory milieu compromise remyelination and recovery. Here, we explored the role of retinoic acid receptor-beta (RARβ) signaling in remyelination. Using a male Sprague Dawley rat model of PNS-CNS injury, we show that oral treatment with a novel drug like RARβ agonist, C286, induces neuronal expression of the proteoglycan decorin and promotes myelination and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2+cells) in a decorin-mediated neuron–glia cross talk. Decorin promoted the activation of RARα in NG2+cells by increasing the availability of the endogenous ligand RA. NG2+cells synthesize RA, which is released in association with exosomes. We found that decorin prevents this secretion through regulation of the EGFR–calcium pathway. Using functional and pharmacological studies, we further show that RARα signaling is both required and sufficient for oligodendrocyte differentiation. These findings illustrate that RARβ and RARα are important regulators of oligodendrocyte differentiation, providing new targets for myelination.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study identifies novel therapeutic targets for remyelination after PNS-CNS injury. Pharmacological and knock-down experiments show that the retinoic acid (RA) signaling promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and remyelination in a cross talk between neuronal RA receptor-beta (RARβ) and RARα in NG2+cells. We show that stimulation of RARα is required for the differentiation of OPCs and we describe for the first time how oral treatment with a RARβ agonist (C286, currently being tested in a Phase 1 trial,ISRCTN12424734) leads to the endogenous synthesis of RA through retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) in NG2 cells and controls exosome-associated-RA intracellular levels through a decorin–Ca2+pathway. Although RARβ has been implicated in distinct aspects of CNS regeneration, this study identifies a novel function for both RARβ and RARα in remyelination.
Examining the Effect of Oral Transmission on Folksongs
Authors: Shanahan Daniel , Albrecht Joshua
Published: February 2019

Sociolinguists frequently examine the nature of gradual, internal shifts in languages and dialects over time, arguing for both cognitive and cultural factors, as well as those that might be somehow internal to the language itself. Similarly, musicologists have often argued that musical genres and even specific songs can be examined through gradual diachronic shifts, which seem to be especially accelerated in traditions that rely on oral transmission. For example, Spitzer (1994) examined the stemma of “Oh! Susanna” and noticed that it tended to become more pentatonicized at cadence points by dropping scale degree seven, and suggested that this might be true with folk songs in general. To test this, we employed both experimental and corpus-based paradigms. The experimental approach attempted to simulate oral transmission in a compressed timeframe by involving singers who heard and replicated short musical excerpts, and then would teach a colleague, who in turn passed it on to another participant. Similarly, we conducted a corpus analysis that examined the prevalence of descending stepwise endings in styles of music primarily transmitted orally compared with those transmitted primarily through notation. The experimental results suggest that cadence points in Western folk music are more likely to lose scale degree seven through the act of oral transmission, and the corpus study suggests that, although stylistic constraints play a large role in folk music, there might also be a relationship between transmission and physical affordances.
Deconstructing the nPVI
Authors: Condit-Schultz Nathaniel
Published: February 2019

The normalized pairwise variability index (nPVI) is a measure originally used to compare the rhythms of languages. Patel and Daniele (2003a) introduced the nPVI to music research and it has since been used in a number of studies. In this paper, I present a methodological criticism of the nPVI as applied to music. I discuss the known qualitative features of the nPVI and illustrate the nPVI's fundamental features and assumptions through its application to a number of musical datasets. My principle criticism regards the application of a linear average (the nPVI) to categorical data (rhythmic notation). I argue that that simpler mathematical characterizations, which are more musically intuitive, can capture the same useful information as the nPVI. Specifically, counting the proportion of successive IOIs that are identical accounts for as much as 98% of variation in nPVIs in musical corpora. I argue that abstract mathematical measures ought to be avoided in preference for more concrete empirical descriptions of specific rhythmic features, and that, rather than focusing on a single measure, multiple measures ought to be used. Finally, I conclude that the usage of nPVI in music research should be limited to specific methodologically justified contexts.
New insights of the role of β-NGF in the ovulation mechanism of induced ovulating species
Authors: Ratto Marcelo H , Berland Marco A , Silva Mauricio E , Adams Gregg
Published: February 2019

The type of stimuli triggering GnRH secretion has been used to classify mammalian species into two categories: spontaneous or induced ovulators. In the former, ovarian steroids produced by a mature follicle elicit the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus, but in the latter, GnRH secretion requires coital stimulation. However, the mechanism responsible for eliciting the preovulatory LH surge in induced ovulators is still not well understood and seems to vary among species. The main goal of this review is to offer new information regarding the mechanism that regulates coitus-induced ovulation. Analysis of several studies documenting the discovery of β-NGF in seminal plasma and its role in the control of ovulation in the llama and rabbit will be described. We also propose a working hypothesis regarding the sites of action of β-NGF in the llama hypothalamus. Finally, we described the presence of β-NGF in semen of species categorized as spontaneous ovulators, mainly cattle, and its potential role in ovarian function. The discovery of this seminal molecule and its ovulatory effect in induced ovulators challenges previous concepts about the neuroendocrinology of reflex-ovulation and has provided a new opportunity to examine the mechanism(s) involved in the cascade of events leading to ovulation. The presence of the factor in the semen of induced- as well as spontaneous-ovulators highlights the importance of understanding its signaling pathways and mechanism of action, and may have broad implications in mammalian fertility.
La certeza del Derecho y la individualización de la pena en el “common law”
Authors: Banque Maria Marques
Published: February 2019

Objeto de este artículo es el análisis de uno de los valores del Estado de Derecho como es la idea de certeza del Derecho y, más concretamente, su respeto en la individualización de la pena en el “common law”. La primera parte se centra en la evolución de la idea de certeza del Derecho en Inglaterra y Gales y en Estados Unidos, para comprender mejor el contexto jurídico cultural de los sistemas actuales de individualización de la pena. La segunda parte describe los sistemas basados en directrices utilizados en estos dos países, así como un ejemplo de sistema alternativo en un estado australiano. La conclusión del análisis es que existen suficientes mecanismos para garantizar la consistencia, como eje central que dota al sistema de predictibilidad, accesibilidad y transparencia de las resoluciones judiciales, aunque la evolución histórica y continuas reformas operadas en este ámbito, sugieren un escenario de permanente tensión.
“Perfiles” de deportabilidad: el sesgo del sistema de control migratorio desde la perspectiva de la nacionalidad
Authors: Brandariz García José Ángel , Fernández Bessa Cristina
Published: February 2019

Durante la primera década del siglo, España fue un destino prioritario de las migraciones internacionales. Los diversos gobiernos, operando como guardianes de la frontera sur de la UE, han gestionado este fenómeno de forma soberana, mediante actuaciones policiales selectivas, detenciones en centros de internamiento y expulsiones. Algunos aspectos fundamentales de estas políticas de control migratorio han cambiado progresivamente a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas. Uno de ellos es lo que puede denominarse el “perfil” del migrante “deportable”. El análisis de los datos empíricos sobre detenciones, internamientos y expulsiones aporta una información valiosa sobre el perfil demográfico de los migrantes afectados e ilustra la racionalidad que subyace al dispositivo de control migratorio. El artículo analiza específicamente las nacionalidades de los migrantes alcanzados por el ciclo de deportación, para poner de relieve que en los “perfiles de deportabilidad” perviven ciertas dinámicas derivadas de relaciones de poder neocoloniales.
Delimitación de los conceptos de acceso y apoderamiento en el delito de descubrimiento y revelación de secretos
Authors: Montserrat Sánchez-Escribano María Isabel
Published: February 2019

La doctrina española ha encontrado serias dificultades a la hora de determinar el ámbito de aplicación de los dos tipos básicos del delito de descubrimiento y revelación de secretos, especialmente por lo que se refiere a las modalidades de acceso y apoderamiento. El presente artículo pretende arbitrar una adecuada delineación de ambas acciones y, con ello, fijar correctamente su esfera de aplicación en el seno del precepto.
Las entregas temporales como instrumento fundamental de cooperación penal entre Estados miembros en el marco de la lucha contra el terrorismo
Authors: Catalina Benavente Angeles
Published: February 2019

Las entregas temporales se han convertido desde el año 2001 en un instrumento fundamental en la cooperación entre España y Francia en la lucha contra el terrorismo. Las entregas temporales, que en un primer momento se realizaron en el marco del art. 19.2 del Convenio Europeo de extradición, tras la aprobación de la Decisión marco 2002/584, de 13 de junio de 2002, pasaron a regularse por lo dispuesto en las normas de transposición de los distintos Estados miembros. Este trabajo se articula sobre un análisis, por un lado teórico de la Ley 23/2014 y, por otro, sobre un análisis práctico de las sentencias de la Audiencia Nacional en las que desde el año 2002 se ha producido alguna entrega temporal de miembros de la banda terrorista ETA, y en las que en un porcentaje relativamente algo (más del 75%) terminaron en sentencias de condena.
Transparencia y Buen Gobierno. El Valedor do Pobo en la lucha contra la corrupción política
Authors: López Portas Begoña
Published: February 2019

La Ley 1/2016 integra en una única norma toda la regulacio?n referida a la rendicio?n de cuentas de los poderes pu?blicos gallegos. El Valedor do Pobo se convierte en protagonista en su interpretación y aplicación.Unas nuevas funciones de la institución que requieren un análisis crítico desde el punto de vista de la lucha contra la corrupción política.
La lucha contra la corrupción y la pancriminalización del autoblanqueo
Authors: Quintero Olivares Gonzalo
Published: February 2019

En los últimos tiempos, en especial tras la reforma de 2015, raro es el escrito de acusación que, en relación con delitos con contenido de beneficio económico para sus autores, no incluya la imputación de blanqueo, normalmente referida a las modalidades de tenencia, posesión o utilización. La reflexión sobre la infracción del principio non bis in ídem se ha ido extendiendo doctrinalmente y en algunos fallos judiciales aparece el rechazo a la acumulación de calificaciones. Pese a ello, se sigue sosteniendo por muchos que, en la lucha contra la corrupción no se puede prescindir de ese armamento, lo cual no es cierto. La admisibilidad del autoblanqueo ha de ser sometida a muchos condicionantes, y cuestionar severamente si ese instrumento de lucha contra la corrupción no conlleva insalvables contradicciones penales.
La prohibición de contratar en el sector público y otras consideraciones accesorias
Authors: Valeije Álvarez Inmaculada
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo analiza las diferentes normativas en relación a la prohibición de contratar con el Sector Público (debarment): en la Directiva 2014/24/UE  del Parlamento Europeo y del  Consejo de 26 de febrero de 2014 sobre contratación pública, en la Ley de Contratos del Sector Público y en especial su previsión como pena en el Código Penal español. Desde esta última perspectiva, se estudia su ámbito de aplicación, su naturaleza, las consecuencias que  se derivan de su imposición en relación a los delitos de corrupción y la posibilidad de que la empresa sancionada eluda la prohibición de contratar cumpliendo las condiciones legalmente exigidas o adoptando un programa de prevención de delitos
Deciphering Fake News: Navigating Today’s News Standards
Authors: Borst Christina
Published: February 2019

Following the 2016 presidential election, the pervasiveness of fake news came into the national spotlight. With an increased focus on media literacy and the need to end the spread of false information, tracing the abilities of individuals to spot fake news through a series of interviews was relevant. Several research questions were used for guidance: What are the common understandings or misunderstandings of fake news and its perpetuation? What are the characteristics of individuals who are more apt to recognize fake news? Does an individual’s level of political activism or civic engagement affect their ability to recognize fake news? It was hypothesized that the interviewees’ understanding of fake news and accuracy in distinguishing real and fake news would be dependent on their news-reading habits. Interview conduction confirmed the accuracy of this hypothesis. Furthermore, those who engaged with news more often and more widely are more likely to accurately discern between what is true and false. Questions remain as to whether or not those who had more experience with political activism and civic engagement, or with educational backgrounds relating to those areas, are better at making this differentiation. The results of this study reinforce the vitality of being media literate and possessing a consistent awareness of current events.
Hidden in Plain Sight: The American Indian Movement and the Revival of the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape, 1969-1982
Authors: Dunkley Ashton
Published: February 2019

This paper explores the resurgence of the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape of New Jersey in the latter half of the 20th century. This thesis argues that the American Indian Movement, with its strong advocation for Native existence and pride, along with Pan-Indianism, unity amongst all tribes, acted as a driving factor in the revival of the Eastern Woodland tribe, the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape. From the eighteenth century, tribes on the East Coast were forced westward and north, but the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape people remained hidden in plain sight on their native lands, to which they had been tied to for over 10,000 years. Parents taught their children to hide their native heritage in hopes that they would not be forced from their home as well. Generation after generation, fewer and fewer children were aware of their “Nativeness.” The Lenape traditions, language, and cultural practices which had only been passed down orally were beginning to fade away. By the 1960’s, what started off as a survival tactic to cope with white encroachment metamorphosed into an everyday part of life and as a result, this tight-knit community’s Native identity had been displaced. In the early 1970’s, a number of inspired Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape families worked to reverse the loss of their community’s traditions and identity, unify, and retain a collective recognition of being Native American and a pride in that ancestry.
Social Media: A Breeding Ground for Energy or Apathy?
Authors: King Liana
Published: February 2019

Due to increased political tension this past year, social media networks have become common outlets for people to express their political ideals and call others to action. The narcotizing dysfunction theory, developed by Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton in 1948, states that people can substitute knowledge for action as a result of being inundated by mass media about polarizing issues. It seems worth investigating whether social media parallels this theory and, at a point, stops serving as a means to effect change. Does posting about political and social issues create a false sense of political activism, contributing to decreased political participation? To explore this question, a survey administered to 160 participants examined their behavior on social media, political participation, and perceived political activeness. The results showed that those who considered themselves politically active read and posted about political/social issues on social media at a higher rate than which they took tangible political action. From this data, it was concluded that social media plays a role in narcotizing the participants of the survey by providing a passive alternative to active participation. The implications of this trend are detrimental to our democracy in a time when political participation is exceedingly low.