bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subversive Holiness and the Building of a Christian Community in Cynewulf’s Juliana
Authors: Olesiejko Jacek
Published: October 2019

In Cynewulf’s Juliana, Juliana’s suitor Heliseus, called “the guardian of treasure,” represents secular material culture, in which women are weakened by the male control of materiality. The material culture of the heroic world reproduces the masculine body politic, reducing women to objects of exchange in contractual relationships between men. The present paper makes a case that from the poem emerges a contrast between a perception of materially constituted masculinity, aligning manhood with wealth and status, and a more inclusive spiritual manhood, available to both sexes. In relation to this Juliana achieves spiritual manhood as a miles Christi exampling how feminine holiness empowers women. Consequently Juliana’s emasculation of the devil becomes a challenge to the secular patriarchal order in which they are the currency of exchange.
The Phenomenon of Bilingualism in Rahovec’s Spoken Language
Authors: Hoxha Diellza
Published: October 2019

The paper focuses on addressing the bilingual phenomenon among bilingual speakers that learn or even speak the language at the same time L1 and L2. The phenomenon of bilingualism emerges as a result of the languages in contact. Within this phenomenon, we will consider the use of Albanian language and the local speech of the citizens of Rahovec, Rahovecjançe. Quantitative study, in this paper consists of sociolinguistic measurement, in individual interviews recorded with voice recorder in “smart phone”. The graphical presentation we claim to bring concrete results about the degree of bilingualism in the different social strata, as a result of this and also toward s the emergence of the concrete situation of the use of language codes in each language domain. Social stratification shows the current state of the use of both language codes. The bilingual phenomenon with the local speech is considered to be disappearing, and the level of bilingual speakers should be declining.
The Grammatical Nature of Time Referral
Authors: Reçica Muhamet
Published: October 2019

As long as the time in its entirety is absolute, however, in the discourse it is “made up” or concretized from the phenomenon or concrete event taken into consideration, thus we cannot ‘abstract’ the grammatical dimension of the statement under any circumtance, as we cannot abstract the objective time and observer, because only in co-fulfillment they “fulfill” each other. Identification of the time mark from which the event is expressed with the verbal form in time, the grammatical nature of these moments, as the moment of speech (of speaking time), which is of instant nature, timely extension and most wide, then the time of the action and the time of expression of the statement are with the same orientation function for the time reference will be the subject of consideration during the elaboration of this paper. Obviously, other observations that are of interest to our consideration, with the character of uncontested grammatical facts in context, such as realistic reports of timely events, relative character of grammar setting etc., will be at the center of attention to as much as the nature of this paper.
Investigation of Reading and Writing Strategies Used by Future Teachers: Do Good Readers Write Well?
Authors: Topuzkanamış Ersoy
Published: October 2019

The number of studies regarding determining reading and writing strategies that students use and the effect of strategy training on skills development is quite abundant. However, no study has ever investigated whether there is a correlation between reading and writing strategies in terms of frequency of use. In spite of this, there have been several resources indicating that reading and writing skills are interrelated. Based on the assumption that this indication might possibly impact the use of strategies to some extent, current research aimed to determine the types of strategies used by first grade undergraduate students at a faculty of education together with their frequency of use and if there is a correlation between two scores. To conduct the research, 420 first-grade participants from various departments of Necatibey Faculty of Education, Balıkesir University were selected. As for the data collection, these students were administered a Reading Strategies Survey (RSS) developed by Karatay (2007) and a Writing Strategies Survey (WSS) developed by Ülper (2011). Related statistical analyses were conducted based on the data gathered from the scale, revealing that females used reading and writing strategies more often than males, and there was a moderate and positive correlation between the frequencies of the uses of writing and reading strategies. Apart from that, no difference was detected in terms of departments.
Whole genome sequencing of a novel, dichloromethane-fermentingPeptococcaceaefrom an enrichment culture
Authors: Holland Sophie I. , Edwards Richard J. , Ertan Haluk , Wong Yie Kuan , Russell Tonia L. , Deshpande Nandan P. , Manefield Michael J. , Lee Matthew
Published: October 2019

Bacteria capable of dechlorinating the toxic environmental contaminant dichloromethane (DCM, CH2Cl2) are of great interest for potential bioremediation applications. A novel, strictly anaerobic, DCM-fermenting bacterium, “DCMF”, was enriched from organochlorine-contaminated groundwater near Botany Bay, Australia. The enrichment culture was maintained in minimal, mineral salt medium amended with dichloromethane as the sole energy source. PacBio whole genome SMRTTMsequencing of DCMF allowedde novo, gap-free assembly despite the presence of cohabiting organisms in the culture. Illumina sequencing reads were utilised to correct minor indels. The single, circularised 6.44 Mb chromosome was annotated with the IMG pipeline and contains 5,773 predicted protein-coding genes. Based on 16S rRNA gene and predicted proteome phylogeny, the organism appears to be a novel member of thePeptococcaceaefamily. The DCMF genome is large in comparison to known DCM-fermenting bacteria. It includes an abundance of methyltransferases, which may provide clues to the basis of its DCM metabolism, as well as potential to metabolise additional methylated substrates such as quaternary amines. Full annotation has been provided in a custom genome browser and search tool, in addition to multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees for every predicted protein,http://www.slimsuite.unsw.edu.au/research/dcmf/.
Trans-oral robotic surgery versus coblation tongue base reduction for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Lan Wei-Che , Chang Wen-Dien , Tsai Ming-Hsui , Tsou Yung-An
Published: October 2019

Objectives

To compare the efficacy of trans-oral robotic surgery (TORS) with that of coblation assisted tongue base reduction surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Subjects and Methods

The medical charts were retrospectively reviewed for all OSAS patients admitted to one institution for surgical intervention between 2012 and 2017. We analyzed 33 cases; 16 patients received TORS and 17 received coblation surgery for tongue base reduction. Both groups received concomitant uvulopalatoplasty. Surgical outcomes were evaluated by comparing the initial polysomnography (PSG) parameters with the follow-up PSG data (at least 3 months after the surgery). Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and complications were also compared between the 2 groups.

Results

The success rate (≥50% reduction of pre-operative AHI and post-operative AHI <20) in the TORS group and coblation group were 50% and 58%, respectively, and there was no significant difference (p = .611). The AHI (mean ± SD) reduction in the TORS and coblation groups were 24.9 ± 26.5 events/h and 19.4 ± 24.8 events/h, respectively; the between-group difference was not significant (p = .631). ESS improvement did not differ significantly between the TORS and coblation groups (3.8 ± 6.6 and 3.1 ± 9.2, respectively, p = .873). The rates of minor complication were higher in the TORS group (50%) than that of the coblation group (35.3%) without statistical significance (p = .393).

Conclusion

TORS achieved comparable surgical outcomes compared to coblation assisted tongue base reduction surgery in OSAS patients. Multilevel surgery using either TORS or coblation tongue base reduction combined with uvulopalatoplasty is an effective approach for the management of OSAS.
Structural analysis of urinary light chains and proteomic analysis of hyaline tubular casts in light chain associated kidney disorders
Authors: Reiter Thomas , Knafl Daniela , Agis Hermine , Mechtler Karl , Wagner Ludwig , Winnicki Wolfgang
Published: October 2019

Background

Monoclonal overproduction of kappa and/or lambda light chains might result in renal light chain deposition disease. Light chain associated cast nephropathy and renal AL-amyloidosis represent two further pathologies going along with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance and multiple myeloma. While cast nephropathy often manifests with acute kidney injury, AL-amyloidosis is rather accompanied with chronic kidney disease.

Methods

Urine samples were collected from 17 patients with multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy. The urine sediment was stained for cast morphology by H/E and light chain immunofluorescence. Following micro-selection of casts under microscope, proteomic analysis of casts was performed by mass spectrometry. Sucrose gradient sedimentation was employed and light chain architecture examined by immunoblotting. Uromodulin was measured by ELISA in sucrose gradient fractions.

Results

Urinary casts were observed of about 30 µm in diameter by H/E staining and under immunofluorescence microscopy. Casts with a diameter of 20 µm were observed as a novel variant. Proteome analysis showed that in addition to the expected light chain variants produced by the malignant clone of plasma cells, also histones such as H2B and cathepsin B were contained. Uromodulin was not detectable in urinary casts of all patients. All eleven patients with lambda light chains showed predominant dimerized light chains in the urine immunoblot. Six patients with kappa light chains presented with predominantly monomeric forms of light chains in the immunoblot. The densitometric evaluated ratio of lambda dimers vs. monomers was significantly higher (2.12 ± 0.75) when compared with the ratio of kappa dimers vs. monomers (0.64 ± 0.47),p = 0.00001. Aggregates of light chains separated in part into denser sucrose fractions.

Conclusion

This work on urinary casts and light chains demonstrates that hyaline tubular casts represent a complex formation of protein-protein aggregates with histones and cathepsin B identified as novel cast components. Apart from the proteomic composition of the casts, also the formation of the light chains and aggregates is of relevance. Dimerized light chains, which are typical for lambda paraproteins, might be less dialyzable than monomeric forms and may therefore identify patients less responsive to high cut-off dialysis.
Increased expression of RUNX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma predicts poor prognosis
Authors: Fu Yang , Sun Shanshan , Man Xiaojun , Kong Chuize
Published: October 2019

Background

Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) was previously reported to play a dual role in promoting or suppressing tumorigenesis in various malignancies. A public dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to evaluate the role of RUNX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the expression of RUNX1 in ccRCC tissues and normal tissues. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression were utilized to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological factors and RUNX1 expression. Additionally, we analysed the differences in prognosis between patients with high and low expression of RUNX1 via the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the mechanisms of RUNX1 in ccRCC.

Results

The expression of RUNX1 in ccRCC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. High expression of RUNX1 was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.003), clinical stage (p < 0.001), tissue infiltration (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.037) and histological grade (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that high RUNX1 expression was significantly correlated with gender (OR = 1.71 for male vs. female, p = 0.004), histological grade (OR = 11.61 for grade IV vs. I, p < 0.001), clinical stage (OR = 1.55 for stage III/IV vs. I/II, p = 0.014) and tissue infiltration (OR = 1.54 for positive vs. negative, p = 0.018). Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that the prognosis of patients with ccRCC with high RUNX1 expression was worse than that of patients with ccRCC with low RUNX1 expression (p < 0.001). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that high RUNX1 expression was strongly correlated with poor prognosis (HR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.31–1.97], p < 0.001). In addition, high expression of RUNX1 was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival (OS), with an HR of 1.50 (95% CI [1.20–1.87], p < 0.001) in multivariate Cox analysis. GSEA showed that the apoptosis, B cell receptor signalling pathway, calcium signalling pathway, chemokine signalling pathway, JAK/STAT signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, p53 signalling pathway, pathways in cancer, T cell receptor signalling pathway, Toll-like receptor signalling pathway, VEGF signalling pathway, and Wnt signalling pathway were significantly enriched in the RUNX1 high-expression phenotype. In conclusion, RUNX1 can be used as a novel prognostic factor and therapeutic target in ccRCC.
Performance Evaluation of Greenhouse Type Dryers for Red Pepper: Technical and Economic Aspect
Authors: Yelmen B. , Çakir M. T. , Şahin H. H.
Published: October 2019

In this study, the possibilities of drying the spices in Kahramanmaraş at the scale of the Red Pepper on a scale with plastic-covered high tunnel greenhouse type dryer were investigated. For this purpose, the red pepper was cut into two pieces, the seed house was removed and the shelves were placed in the vertical direction with 30 cm intervals in which the shelves were arranged at intervals of 2, 3, 4 and 5 kg / m2 density of the shelves in the greenhouse were layered in thin layers. The drying was continued until a fifth of the mass of the material laid on the shelves was reduced. This time corresponds to the first five to six hours of drying. The ambient temperature rises to 55-65°C during the whole day. The products are dried in 26-27 hours in drying trials in first and second. Products which dried in the greenhouse have been exposed to approximately 2-4% more moisture loss than the products that are dried on a shelf 50 cm high from the ground. It has been determined that the optimum loading capacity can be increased to 187.5 kg in terms of technical and economic performance criteria taken into consideration in the red pepper drying study carried out in 3 different periods. If the floor area and height of the plastic tunnel are evaluated effectively and furthermore, this figure will increase in a commercial tunnel of plastic. On the other hand, according to the results obtained in the first period with the optimum loading capacity calculated, it is determined that the plastic tunnel dryer can meet the first investment, operation and fixed expenses in a season and it is a profitable investment.
Effect of Organic Manure and Its Application Timing on the Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
Authors: Akhter Sanjida , Mostarin Tahmina , Khatun Khaleda , Haq Md. Ehsanul , Soniya Ismita Akter , Monira Shirajum , Sharmin Iffat , Ghosh Avijit
Published: October 2019

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from October 2017 to February 2018. The experiment consisted of two factors, Factor A: Four levels of organic manures, viz. M0 = Control; M1 = Cowdung (35 t ha-1), M2 = Mustard oil cake (3.5 t ha-1) and M3 = Vermicompost. Factor B: Three application times, viz. T1 = 15 days before transplanting, T2 = Application at the time of transplanting and T3 = 15 days after transplanting. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In the case of organic manure, the highest yield (38.70 t/ha) was found from M2 treatment, whereas the lowest yield (19.71t/ha) was recorded from M0 treatment. In the case of application time, the highest yield (31.83t/ha) was found from T1 treatment, whereas the lowest yield (28.10 t/ha) was recorded from T3   treatment. Due to combined effect maximum yield (38.704 t/ha) with net return (4,74,421tk) and BCR (2.20) was obtained from M2T1 treatment combination while the lowest yield (17.90 t/ha) with the lowest income (44,211 tk) and BCR (1.17) from M0T3 treatment combination. So, the economic analysis revealed that the M2T1 treatment combination appeared to be best for achieving the higher growth, yield and economic benefit of cauliflower.
Heuristics Bias and Investment Performance: Does Age Matter? Evidence from Colombo Stock Exchange
Authors: Siraji M.
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the existence of heuristics biases in Colombo Stock Exchange and their effect on investment performance from individual investor’s point of view. In specific, the effects of anchoring, availability bias, gamblers fallacy, overconfidence and representativeness are investigated. Further, the study inspects whether the heuristics biases differ between younger and older investors. The primary data were collected by survey from 425 individual investors. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis such as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structure Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that there is a statistically significant effect of anchoring, availability bias, overconfidence and representativeness bias on investment performance. However, gamblers fallacy not significantly affects investment performance. Furthermore, statistically significant differences are found between the answers of younger and older investors. This study, hopefully, will help investors to be aware of the impact of their own heuristics bias on their decision making in the stock market, thus increasing the rationality of investment decisions for enhanced market efficiency.
Morpho-Physiological Responses of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation under Drought Stress
Authors: Godwin Okon, Okon , Paul Uyon, Peter , Monday Nyahette, Enobong
Published: October 2019

Aims: To assess the potential impacts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (G. geosporum) inoculation on the survival of A. esculentus under drought stress.

Study Design: This experiment was set up in a completely randomized design (CRD) with all treatments replicated thrice. This gave a total of 7 treatments, 21 replicates.

Place and Duration of Study: The experimental soil used for this study was collected from the Botanical Garden of the Department of Biological Sciences, Ritman University (Latitude 5º11’44ºN and Longitude 7º42’12ºE), Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. All analysis was carried out in Soil Science Laboratory and Botany Laboratory, Akwa Ibom State University, between January and march 2019.

Methodology: Soil samples were analyzed following the standard procedures outlined for wet acid digestions. Growth parameters were determined using standard methods. At Leaf chlorophyll meter was employed in the assessment of the photosynthetic pigments of the experimental plant. Biomass yield were calculated using standard formulas.

Results: The physicochemical analysis of the experimental soil used in this study revealed the physical and chemical properties of the soil; pH (6.12), EC (0.06dS/m), organic matter (2.90%), Av. P (44.62 mg/kg) and textural class of the soil was described as loamy sandy soil. Shoot length, petiole length, internode length, number of leaves and leaf area as well as the total photosynthetic pigments (TPP) contents of A. esculentus were significantly (P =.05) reduced (from 38.77±3.01 mg/kg to 29.83±1.89 mg/kg) by drought stress. There was also significantly (P = .05) reduction in N, P, K, Ca and Mg composition of A. esculentus as well as its biomass yield. However, the inoculation of A. esculentus roots with AMF (G. geosporum) in this study through several morphological and physiological processes exhibited remarkable improvement in growth morphology, total photosynthetic pigments, macronutrients composition as well as biomass yield.

Conclusion: The results of this work have shown that AMF can enhance the ability of A. esculentus to resist drought stress possibly through some morphological and physiological changes which improves water and nutrients uptake.
Sugarcane Leaf Scald Disease in Côte d'Ivoire: Pathogenicity and Biocontrol of Xanthomonas albilineans Isolates
Authors: Carine N’guessan Aya , Didier Kouamé Konan , Jean-martial Kassi Koffi Fernand , Gaston Kouamé Koffi , Richard Konan Dawa , Jacques-Edouard Yao Kouadio , Daouda Koné
Published: October 2019

Aims: The present investigations describes bactericidal potential of essential oil for management of Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby. 1929) Dowson 1943, pathogen responsible for sugarcane Leaf scald disease in Côte d'Ivoire.

Study Design: the study was conducted at the Ferké 1 sugar mill and the Laboratory of Plant Physiology of Felix Houphouët BOIGNY University.

Methodology: Diseased leaves specimens showing signs of X. albilineans presence were collected from sugarcane industrial plantations in Côte d'Ivoire. Pathogenicity was confirmed by observing Koch’s postulates under semi-controlled conditions. Asymptomatic leaves, obtained after 60 days of culture, were inoculated at three points by infiltration with bacterial suspension calibrated at 108 bacteria/ml. Apparition of small tan-brown necrotic lesions on the leaf blade, parallel to the veins and prolonged to the ends by a discolored vascular bundle confirmed that disease is caused by Xanthomonas albilineans. Three essential oils of aromatic plants whose antibacterial properties are recognized were used at 100; 300; 500; 1000 and 2000 ppm in comparison with Callicuivre (56% copper oxychloride) used as reference product.

Results: The aqueous solutions based on these essential oils induced an inhibition zone of bacterial growth proportional to the dose applied and the incubation period. Thus, on day 5 of incubation, the essential oil solution of Ocimum gratissimum L. at 100 ppm induced an average inhibition zone diameter not significantly different from the one induced by the Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf solution at 300 ppm and the one of copper oxychloride at 1000 ppm. At 1000 ppm, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Ocimum gratissimum L essential oils induced equivalent inhibition rates (6 mm) that were higher than that of the control (3.5 mm).

Conclusion: sugarcane varieties cultivated at the Ferké 1 sugar mill complex, despite the selection for resistance are threatened by Leaf Scald Disease, which is significantly expressed on variety R585. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Ocimum gratissimum L oils have the strongest antibacterial activity and may be useful to control Leaf Scald Disease.
Sulfoxonium Ylides as Carbene Precursors: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Sequential C−H Functionalization, Selective Enol Oxygen‐Atom Nucleophilic Addition, and Hydrolysis
Authors: Huang Yuanqiong , Lyu Xueli , Song Hongjian , Wang Qingmin
Published: October 2019

Herein, we report a protocol for Rh(III)‐catalyzed annulation reactions between oxazolines and sulfoxonium ylides via a sequence involving C−H activation, selective enol oxygen‐atom nucleophilic addition, and hydrolysis. This practical, operationally simple protocol has a wide substrate range, excellent regioselectivity, and moderate to good yields.

magnified image
Heterogeneous Nitrogen‐doped Graphene Catalysed HOO− Generation via a Non‐radical Mechanism for Base‐free Dakin Reaction
Authors: Sun Wei , Gao Lingfeng , Sun Xu , Yang Hua , Zheng Gengxiu
Published: October 2019

A heterogeneous nitrogen‐doped graphene catalytic pathway for H2O2 activation to generate alkaline hydrogen peroxide (HOO−) through a non‐radical mechanism was reported. Remarkably, the heterogeneous catalytic procedure has been used for the evergreen and environmentally Dakin reaction without using any transition metals, homogeneous bases, ligands, additives or promoters, completely. The study of catalyst structure and catalytic activities indicate that the most active sites are created by the graphitic N atoms at zig‐zag edges of the sheets. In addition, N as dopant element changes the reactivity of the neighbour C atoms, and leads to the formation of carbon‐hydroperoxide (C−(HOOH)) and C−O* (C−O−) transition state species on the graphene surface in catalytic the reaction.

magnified image
Generalized short‐cut distillation column modeling for superstructure‐based process synthesis
Authors: Kong Lingxun , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: October 2019

We introduce a generalized Underwood method to calculate the minimum vapor flowrate for distillation in superstructure‐based process synthesis. Our method addresses two important limitations of current methods, namely, separation tasks where (1) the flow rates of some components may be zero, and (2) the key components may be unknown prior to optimization. This is achieved through the introduction of binary variables and mixed‐integer constraints to implicitly determine the active roots and the root loci. In addition, we develop strategies tailored to improve the numerical stability and computational performance when using the proposed method.
Hormonal replacement therapy and its potential influence on working memory and competency/adaptive functioning in 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome)
Authors: Tran Selena L. , Samango‐Sprouse Carole A. , Sadeghin Teresa , Powell Sherida , Gropman Andrea L.
Published: October 2019

This cross‐sectional, retrospective analysis investigated the possible effect of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on working memory (WM) and competency/adaptive functioning (CAF) in boys with 47,XXY; the effect of timing of 47,XXY diagnosis on these variables; and the relationship between WM and CAF, if any. A total of 111 boys with 47,XXY, ranging from 6 to 16 years of age (M = 9 years 4 months; SD = 2 years 1 month), were evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and Child Behavior Checklist. Participants were grouped by HRT status and timing of diagnosis. Analysis of variance testing performed on the prenatally diagnosed boys revealed a statistically significant difference in WM for the HRT groups (F[3,84] = 7.467, p = .000174), where WM of the no‐HRT group (M = 92.37, SD = 17.83) was lower than that of the early hormonal therapy group (M = 106.39, SD = 12.01; p = .0092). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between low WM capabilities and poor school performance (r = .5106, p = .0027) in the prenatally diagnosed, untreated boys. Our results highlight the potentially positive effects of HRT on WM and CAF in boys with 47,XXY. Further research is required to better determine the underlying relationship among the biological mechanisms of HRT, WM, and CAF outcomes, and timing of diagnosis in boys with 47,XXY.
Impact of Frying on Changes in Clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) Lipids and Frying Oils: Compositional Changes and Oxidative Deterioration
Authors: Liu Zhong‐Yuan , Zhou Da‐Yong , Rakariyatham Kanyasiri , Xie Hong‐Kai , Li De‐Yang , Zhu Bei‐Wei , Shahidi Fereidoon
Published: October 2019

The current study shows the compositional changes and oxidation development of clam (Ruditapes philippinarum, R. philippinarum) lipids and frying oils when subjected to different processing conditions. Parameters measured include acid value, peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), total oxidation (TOTOX), lipid classes, fatty acid composition, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) contents together with major glycerophospholipid (GP) molecular species. Deep‐fat frying increased triacylglycerol (TAG) content and decreased the contents of PC, PE, and GP molecular species in clam in a time‐dependent manner. Meanwhile, minor amounts of free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, and polar lipids were detected in frying oils, indicating lipid migration between the clam and frying oils. The time‐dependent increase of POV, TBARS, and TOTOX in fried clams and frying oils with concurrent reduction of docosahexenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid indicates extensive oxidative degradation of clam lipids. Moreover, the moisture‐rich clam aggravated the deterioration of frying oils. Consequently, deep‐fat frying significantly altered the lipid profile and decreased the nutritional value of clams.
Dentate gyrus neurons that are born at the peak of development, but not before or after, die in adulthood
Authors: Ciric Tina , Cahill Shaina P. , Snyder Jason S.
Published: October 2019

Introduction

In the dentate gyrus of the rodent hippocampus, neurogenesis begins prenatally and continues to the end of life. Adult‐born neurons often die in the first few weeks after mitosis, but those that survive to 1 month persist indefinitely. In contrast, neurons born at the peak of development are initially stable but can die later in adulthood. Physiological and pathological changes in the hippocampus may therefore result from both the addition of new neurons and the loss of older neurons. The extent of neuronal loss remains unclear since no studies have examined whether neurons born at other stages of development also undergo delayed cell death.

Methods

We used BrdU to label dentate granule cells that were born in male rats on embryonic day 19 (E19; before the developmental peak), postnatal day 6 (P6; peak), and P21 (after the peak). We quantified BrdU+ neurons in separate groups of rats at 2 and 6 months post‐BrdU injection to estimate cell death in young adulthood.

Results

Consistent with previous work, there was a 15% loss of P6‐born neurons between 2 and 6 months of age. In contrast, E19‐ or P21‐born neurons were stable throughout young adulthood.

Discussion

Delayed death of P6‐born neurons suggests these cells may play a unique role in hippocampal plasticity adulthood, for example, by contributing to the turnover of hippocampal memory. Their loss may also play a role in disorders that are characterized by hippocampal atrophy.
Pancreas divisum inversus
Authors: Renzulli Matteo , Pagano Nico , Golfieri Rita
Published: October 2019

Pancreatic duct variations are usually diagnosed incidentally, in particular when using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), the most accurate imaging modality for depicting the pancreatic ductal system. However, the frequency and the embryologic development of pancreatic variants have not been well investigated. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the frequency of pancreatic ductal variants, providing potential explanations of their embryologic basis. The pancreatic ductal anatomies of 202 patients with mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 54 ± 27 years, 56% females, who underwent MRCP for different indications between April 2018 and March 2019, were prospectively collected. Normal pancreatic ductal variants were identified in 196 cases (97%), and variants of pancreas divisum in six cases (3%). In the type C variant of the normal pancreatic anatomy, found in 3% of the cases, the dorsal duct was joined to the ventral duct while the accessory duct did not communicate with the dorsal duct. Unlike the classic type C variant, in our cases, the accessory pancreatic duct (APD) was long (mean ± SD of 58 ± 8.5 mm) and originated in the lower portion of the pancreatic head, caudally to the duct of Wirsung. This was a new subtype of the type C variant or a new variant, which could be called “pancreas divisum inversus”; the APD could be called the isolated duct of Santorini. Reporting this new variant could increase knowledge regarding the pancreatic anatomy in order to avoid misdiagnosis and to help in better understanding pancreatic diseases and their relative treatment. Clin. Anat., 33:646–652, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deplastination: Preservation of Histological Structures and its Anticipated Role in the Field of Histopathology
Authors: Rahul T.G. , Francis Deepak Vinod , Pandit Siddharth , Suganthy J.
Published: October 2019

Deplastination is the process of reversing plastination such that a plastinated specimen can be reverted to its raw nature. This would enable its use in the field of histopathology. The present study aims to ascertain if deplastinates can be used for histopathological studies after a time period. Tissue samples were taken from patients undergoing maxillofacial surgeries for oral carcinomas after obtaining written informed consent. The 12 specimens obtained were divided into two groups. One set of tissues was processed for paraffin embedding after 10% formalin fixation. The other set was plastinated by S10 silicon plastination. After 3 months, the plastinates were deplastinated using sodium methoxide and processed for routine hematoxylin and eosin staining, similar to the formalin fixed specimens. The slides were quantitatively assessed on parameters like tissue architecture, staining property, and intracellular structure. In addition, the slides were qualitatively evaluated by a pathologist who was blinded to the mode of preservation to see if identification of pathological features was possible on a deplastinated slide. The formalin preserved specimens and deplastinated tissue slides compared closely in all three parameters tested with the need to identify the endpoint of deplastination. Qualitatively, deplastination did not hamper identification of tissue pathology. Deplastination increases the scope of a stored plastinate by allowing histological studies in the future without the need for any preservatives or special storage equipment. It preserves structure and maintains tissue pathology. An improved method of ensuring the endpoint of deplastination needs to be identified. Clin. Anat. 32:108–112, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical Basis and Clinical Application of the First Metatarsal Proximal Perforator‐Based Neurocutaneous Vascular Flap
Authors: Hu Deqing , Hong Xu , Wei Xudong , Lin Haiqing , Zhang Fei , Zheng Heping , Lin Jian
Published: October 2019

Forefoot defects caused by accidents are very common, but their reconstruction remains a substantial challenge for plastic surgeons. The purpose of this study is to determine the anatomical structure of the first metatarsal proximal perforator‐based flap and to propose its clinical application. The study was divided into two parts: an anatomical study and a clinical application. Thirty preserved lower limbs injected with red latex were chosen for observation, and the following were recorded: the course and distribution of the medialis dorsalis pedis cutaneous nerve; the origin, course, branching and distribution of the first metatarsal proximal perforator; and the communication of the perforator and the dorsal medial vessels. Clinically, six cases of forefoot skin defects were reconstructed with the first metatarsal proximal perforator‐based neurocutaneous vascular flap. The medialis dorsalis pedis cutaneous nerve mainly arose from the medial branch of the superficial peroneal nerve and proceeded forward for a distance of 2.5 ± 0.4 cm under the surface of the inferior extensor retinaculum; then, the nerve divided into the medial dorsal branch and the first and second dorsal metatarsal branches. The first metatarsal proximal perforator‐based neurocutaneous vessels were multisegmented and multisourced, and the first branch was closely related to the operative procedure. In terms of the clinical application, all flaps of the six cases survived completely with good appearance, texture and elasticity. The first metatarsal proximal perforators present as constant. The first metatarsal proximal perforator‐based neurocutaneous vascular flap may become a useful supplemental material for the reconstruction of forefoot defects. Clin. Anat., 33:653–660, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
UV‐C Irradiation Reduces the Experimentally Induced Bacterial Load on the Surface of a Human Cadaver: An Additional Option for the Preservation of Cadavers in Anatomy
Authors: Müller Lea , Bischoff Markus , Tschernig Thomas
Published: October 2019

Safety is a major issue in the embalming procedures of human cadavers. Reduced application of formaldehyde is often recommended. The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of ultraviolet light (UV‐C irradiation) on the bacterial load on the surface of a conserved human cadaver. To test UV‐C irradiation, the cadaver was laid out in the dissection hall and, after preparation of the muscles, was covered with linen sheets moistened with water. Swabs of the surface and microbiological analysis revealed sporadic bacterial colonies. The surface area was then spiked with bacteria and irradiated by a UV lamp for 15 or 60 min. Half of the area was covered by aluminum foil to serve as a control. After exposition, swabs were taken and analyzed. The exposition had reduced the number of colonies to one third (15 min exposition) and to one tenth (60 min exposition) of the control area. Thus, UV‐C irradiation could be used in the preservation of cadavers without chemical pollution of the environment and without any risk for the employees. Clin. Anat. 32:113–116, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists.
The Radioulnar Distance at the Level of the Radial Tuberosity
Authors: Rausch Valentin , Krieter Jan P. , Leschinger Tim , Hackl Michael , Scaal Martin , Müller Lars P. , Wegmann Kilian
Published: October 2019

Ruptures of the distal biceps brachii tendon are generally treated operatively due to their loss of supination and flexion force. A mechanical impingement at the insertion of the tendon at the radial tuberosity is discussed to play a role in the etiology of this injury. The aim of this study was to present a detailed, three‐dimensional anatomical analysis of the radioulnar space at the radial tuberosity. A total of 166 imprints of the radioulnar space in neutral rotation and pronation from 84 cadaveric specimens of both arms using silicone impression material were produced for this study. Imprints were cut in slices of 3 mm and digitally measured after picture acquisition using a high‐resolution digital camera. Distances were grouped into a proximal, central, and distal groups and used for correlation to morphometric data at the elbow (radial head diameter, ulna and radius length) as well as volume calculation. The mean radioulnar distance was 8.8 ± 4.0 mm in neutral rotation and 7.8 ± 3.9 mm in pronation. In pronation, the central zone was the smallest whereas in neutral rotation the proximal zone was the smallest. The volume of the radioulnar space did not reduce significantly during pronation. Little space is provided for the insertion of the distal biceps brachii tendon especially during pronation. This could play a role in the etiology of distal biceps brachii tendon ruptures and should be considered in the fixation after rupture of the tendon. Clin. Anat., 33:661–666, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C−H and C−M Activation, Aromaticity Tuning, and Co⋅⋅⋅Ru Interactions Confined in the Azuliporphyrin Framework
Authors: Białek Michał J. , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław
Published: October 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is Lechosław Latos‐Grażyński and co‐workers at University of Wrocław. The image depicts cobalt(II) azuliporphyrin as a magical organometallic platform to perform other types of chemistry, that is, dioxygen activation, aromaticity control, and construction of intermetallic communication motifs. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903215.
Selenosulfides Tethered to gem‐Dimethyl Esters: A Robust and Highly Versatile Framework for H2S Probe Development
Authors: Suarez S. Israel , Ambrose Rynne , Kalk Madison A. , Lukesh John C.
Published: October 2019

Selenosulfides coupled to gem‐dimethyl esters provide an exceptional platform for H2S probe development. With the sulfur half being nonessential to its high reactivity and selectivity towards H2S, we highlight the unique flexibility of our design by improving its biocompatibility and tissue specificity through structural modifications of its sulfide moiety.
Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Small Molecular Hole Transport Material C8‐Dioctylbenzothienobenzothiophene
Authors: Lian Xiaomei , Chen Jiehuan , Zhang Yingzhu , Wu Gang , Chen Hongzheng
Published: October 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

The small organic molecular Dioctylbenzothienobenzothiophene (C8‐BTBT) has been explored as hole transport material (HTM) to replace PEDOT:PSS in inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). MAPbI3 perovskite films depositd onto C8‐BTBT are smooth and uniform, with negligible residual of PbI2 and large grain size even larger than 1 μm. Our champion C8‐BTBT based devices reached a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.46% with marginal hysteresis, much higher than that of 11.50% achieved using PEDOT:PSS. Besides, devices adopting C8‐BTBT as substrate show superior stability compared with the PEDOT:PSS based devices when stored under ambient conditions with a relative humidity of (25±5)%.
Periodic DFT Study of the Effects of Co‐Crystallization on a N‐Salicylideneaniline Molecular Switch
Authors: Quertinmont Jean , Leyssens Tom , Wouters Johan , Champagne Benoît
Published: October 2019

The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Benoît Champagne from the University of Namur. The image shows that in the solid state, a careful choice of the coformer can tune the relative stability of the keto‐enol equilibrium. This was assessed using periodic DFT calculations. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.201900463.
Evolutionary constraint on low elevation range expansion: Defense‐abiotic stress‐tolerance trade‐off in crosses of the ecological model Boechera stricta
Authors: Olsen Jason , Singh Gill Gunbharpur , Haugen Riston , Matzner Steven L. , Alsdurf Jake , Siemens David H.
Published: October 2019

Most transplant experiments across species geographic range boundaries indicate that adaptation to stressful environments outside the range is often constrained. However, the mechanisms of these constraints remain poorly understood. We used extended generation crosses from diverged high and low elevation populations. In experiments across low elevation range boundaries, there was selection on the parental lines for abiotic stress‐tolerance and resistance to herbivores. However, in support of a defense‐tolerance trade‐off, extended generation crosses showed nonindependent segregation of these traits in the laboratory across a drought‐stress gradient and in the field across the low elevation range boundary. Genotypic variation in a marker from a region of the genome containing a candidate gene (MYC2) was associated with change in the genetic trade‐off. Thus, using crosses and forward genetics, we found experimental genetic and molecular evidence for a pleiotropic trade‐off that could constrain the evolution of range expansion.
Microbial functional diversity: From concepts to applications
Authors: Escalas Arthur , Hale Lauren , Voordeckers James W. , Yang Yunfeng , Firestone Mary K. , Alvarez‐Cohen Lisa , Zhou Jizhong
Published: October 2019

Functional diversity is increasingly recognized by microbial ecologists as the essential link between biodiversity patterns and ecosystem functioning, determining the trophic relationships and interactions between microorganisms, their participation in biogeochemical cycles, and their responses to environmental changes. Consequently, its definition and quantification have practical and theoretical implications. In this opinion paper, we present a synthesis on the concept of microbial functional diversity from its definition to its application. Initially, we revisit to the original definition of functional diversity, highlighting two fundamental aspects, the ecological unit under study and the functional traits used to characterize it. Then, we discuss how the particularities of the microbial world disallow the direct application of the concepts and tools developed for macroorganisms. Next, we provide a synthesis of the literature on the types of ecological units and functional traits available in microbial functional ecology. We also provide a list of more than 400 traits covering a wide array of environmentally relevant functions. Lastly, we provide examples of the use of functional diversity in microbial systems based on the different units and traits discussed herein. It is our hope that this paper will stimulate discussions and help the growing field of microbial functional ecology to realize a potential that thus far has only been attained in macrobial ecology.
Differential plague susceptibility in species and populations of prairie dogs
Authors: Russell Robin E. , Tripp Daniel W. , Rocke Tonie E.
Published: October 2019

Laboratory trials conducted over the past decade at U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center indicate that wild populations of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) display different degrees of susceptibility to experimental challenge with fully virulent Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. We evaluated patterns in prairie dog susceptibility to plague to determine whether the historical occurrence of plague at location of capture was related to survival times of prairie dogs challenged with Y. pestis. We found that black‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) from South Dakota (captured prior to the detection of plague in the state), Gunnison's prairie dogs (Cynomys gunnisoni) from Colorado, and Utah prairie dogs (Cynomys parvidens) from Utah were most susceptible to plague. Though the susceptibility of black‐tailed prairie dogs in South Dakota compared with western locations supports our hypothesis regarding historical exposure, both Colorado and Utah prairie dogs have a long history of exposure to plague. It is possible that for these populations, genetic isolation/bottle necks have made them more susceptible to plague outbreaks.
Coupling‐Isomerization‐Cycloisomerization Reaction (CICIR) – An Unexpected and Efficient Domino Approach to Luminescent 2‐(Hydroxymethylene)indenones
Authors: Ghazvini Helya Janatian , Armaghan Mahsa , Janiak Christoph , Balalaie Saeed , Müller Thomas J. J.
Published: October 2019

A Pd/Cu‐catalyzed base mediated domino process ofortho‐halo (hetero)aryl carboxaldehydes and propargyl alcohols unexpectedly furnish 2‐(hydroxymethylene)indenones in good to excellent yield as a result of a coupling‐isomerization‐cycloisomerization reaction (CICIR). In addition, the title compounds constitute an interesting class of luminophores with tunable emission solvatochromicity.
Electrochemical Properties of Multilayered Coatings Implementing Thiacalix[4]arenes with Oligolactic Fragments and DNA
Authors: Kuzin Yu. I. , Gorbatchuk V. V. , Rogov A. M. , Stoikov I. I. , Evtugyn G. A.
Published: October 2019

Layer‐by‐layer assembling of polyelectrolyte complexes on glassy carbon electrode utilizing derivatives of p‐tert‐butylthiacalix[4]arene modified with oligolactic acid in cone, partial cone and 1,3‐alternate configurations has been performed and characterized by atomic force microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Structure, surface morphology and permeability of the coatings depended on the number and nature of individual layers. Configuration of macrocyclic core influenced the charge distribution and flexibility of polyelectrolytes and the electrochemical properties of the coatings. Partial substitution of oligolactic derivatives with the DNA molecules allowed distinguishing native, thermally and oxidatively damaged DNA by ferricyanide ion signals. The relationships between the coating structure and the content can be further used for development of electrochemical sensors devoted to the detection of specific DNA interactions.