bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bias and precision analysis of diffusional kurtosis imaging for different acquisition schemes
Authors: Sprenger Tim , Sperl Jonathan I. , Fernandez Brice , Golkov Vladimir , Eidner Ines , Sämann Philipp G. , Czisch Michael , Tan Ek T. , Hardy Christopher J. , Marinelli Luca , Haase Axel , Menzel Marion I.
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an approach to characterizing the non‐Gaussian fraction of water diffusion in biological tissue. However, DKI is highly susceptible to the low signal‐to‐noise ratio of diffusion‐weighted images, causing low precision and a significant bias due to Rician noise distribution. Here, we evaluate precision and bias using weighted linear least squares fitting of different acquisition schemes including several multishell schemes, a diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) scheme, as well as a compressed sensing reconstruction of undersampled DSI scheme.

Methods

Monte Carlo simulations were performed to study the three‐dimensional distribution of the apparent kurtosis coefficient (AKC). Experimental data were acquired from one healthy volunteer with multiple repetitions, using the same acquisition schemes as for the simulations.

Results

The angular distribution of the bias and precision were very inhomogeneous. While axial kurtosis was significantly overestimated, radial kurtosis was underestimated. The precision of radial kurtosis was up to 10‐fold lower than axial kurtosis.

Conclusion

The noise bias behavior of DKI is highly complex and can cause overestimation as well as underestimation of the AKC even within one voxel. The acquisition scheme with three shells, suggested by Poot et al, provided overall the best performance. Magn Reson Med 76:1684–1696, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
ISMRM Raw data format: A proposed standard for MRI raw datasets
Authors: Inati Souheil J. , Naegele Joseph D. , Zwart Nicholas R. , Roopchansingh Vinai , Lizak Martin J. , Hansen David C. , Liu Chia‐Ying , Atkinson David , Kellman Peter , Kozerke Sebastian , Xue Hui , Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne E. , Sørensen Thomas S. , Hansen Michael S.
Published: January 2016

Purpose

This work proposes the ISMRM Raw Data format as a common MR raw data format, which promotes algorithm and data sharing.

Methods

A file format consisting of a flexible header and tagged frames of k‐space data was designed. Application Programming Interfaces were implemented in C/C++, MATLAB, and Python. Converters for Bruker, General Electric, Philips, and Siemens proprietary file formats were implemented in C++. Raw data were collected using magnetic resonance imaging scanners from four vendors, converted to ISMRM Raw Data format, and reconstructed using software implemented in three programming languages (C++, MATLAB, Python).

Results

Images were obtained by reconstructing the raw data from all vendors. The source code, raw data, and images comprising this work are shared online, serving as an example of an image reconstruction project following a paradigm of reproducible research.

Conclusion

The proposed raw data format solves a practical problem for the magnetic resonance imaging community. It may serve as a foundation for reproducible research and collaborations. The ISMRM Raw Data format is a completely open and community‐driven format, and the scientific community is invited (including commercial vendors) to participate either as users or developers. Magn Reson Med 77:411–421, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The importance of correcting for signal drift in diffusion MRI
Authors: Vos Sjoerd B. , Tax Chantal M. W. , Luijten Peter R. , Ourselin Sebastien , Leemans Alexander , Froeling Martijn
Published: January 2016

Purpose

To investigate previously unreported effects of signal drift as a result of temporal scanner instability on diffusion MRI data analysis and to propose a method to correct this signal drift.

Methods

We investigated the signal magnitude of non‐diffusion‐weighted EPI volumes in a series of diffusion‐weighted imaging experiments to determine whether signal magnitude changes over time. Different scan protocols and scanners from multiple vendors were used to verify this on phantom data, and the effects on diffusion kurtosis tensor estimation in phantom and in vivo data were quantified. Scalar metrics (eigenvalues, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, mean kurtosis) and directional information (first eigenvectors and tractography) were investigated.

Results

Signal drift, a global signal decrease with subsequently acquired images in the scan, was observed in phantom data on all three scanners, with varying magnitudes up to 5% in a 15‐min scan. The signal drift has a noticeable effect on the estimation of diffusion parameters. All investigated quantitative parameters as well as tractography were affected by this artifactual signal decrease during the scan.

Conclusion

By interspersing the non‐diffusion‐weighted images throughout the session, the signal decrease can be estimated and compensated for before data analysis; minimizing the detrimental effects on subsequent MRI analyses. Magn Reson Med 77:285–299, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Placebo effects of caffeine on maximal voluntary concentric force of the knee flexors and extensors
Authors: Tallis Jason , Muhammad Bilal , Islam Mohammed , Duncan Michael J.
Published: January 2016

Introduction: We examined the placebo effect of caffeine and the combined effect of caffeine and caffeine expectancy on maximal voluntary strength. Methods: Fourteen men completed 4 randomized, single‐blind experimental trials: (1) told caffeine, given caffeine (5 mg/kg) (CC); (2) told caffeine, given placebo (CP); (3) told placebo, given placebo (PP); and (4) told placebo, given caffeine (PC). Maximal voluntary concentric force and fatigue resistance of the knee flexors and extensors were measured using isokinetic dynamometry. Results: A significant and equal improvement in peak concentric force was found in the CC and PC trials. Despite participants believing caffeine would evoke a performance benefit, there was no effect of CP. Conclusion: Caffeine caused an improvement in some aspects of muscle strength, but there was no additional effect of expectancy. Performance was poorer in participants who believed caffeine would have the greatest benefit, which highlights a link between expected ergogenicity, motivation, and personality characteristics. Muscle Nerve 54: 479–486, 2016
Synthesis of Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 nanosheets and its synergistic effect with intumescent flame retardants in ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Zhou Keqing , Tang Gang , Wang Bibo , Gui Zhou , Yuen Richard K. K. , Hu Yuan
Published: January 2016

In the present work, Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 nanosheets were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and its structure was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Then it was used as a synergistic agent with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) in ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. Thermogravimetric analysis data indicated that the addition of Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 nanosheets into the EVA/IFR composites could increase the char yields. Cone calorimeter results revealed that Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 in combination with IFR obviously changed the thermal decomposition behavior of EVA and formed a protective char layer on the surface of the composites, consequently leading to effective reduction in the flammability parameters, such as the heat release rate, total heat release. With the addition of 1 wt% Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 and 34 wt% IFR, the LOI value increased to 26.5%, and the system could reach V‐0 rating. Laser Raman spectra of the residual char showed that the more graphitic char was formed with increasing the loading of Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated that the incorporation of Co3(HPO4)2(OH)2 promoted the EVA/IFR system to form a dense and continuous char layer. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:238–246, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Citric acid‐modified layered double hydroxides as a green reinforcing agent for improving thermal and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based nanocomposite films
Authors: Dinari Mohammad , Nabiyan Afshin
Published: January 2016

Citric acid (CA) with one hydroxyl and three carboxyl groups exists widely in citrus fruits and pineapples, where it is the main organic acid. In this article, nanosized CA‐modified ZnAl‐layered double hydroxide (CA‐LDH) was synthesized by coprecipitation method in aqueous media. Several nanocomposite (NC) films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by casting through the dispersion of the CA‐LDH into the PVA aqueous solution under ultrasonic irradiation. The structures of individual layers of CA‐LDH and PVA/CA‐LDH NC films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Uniform dispersion of LDH nanoplatelets in PVA matrix was observed. The thermal stability of the NC was study by thermogravimetric analysis technique, and the results show that the thermal properties were improved as compared with the original PVA. The mechanical properties of the PVA/CA‐LDH NCs are obviously enhanced compared to that of neat PVA. Uniform distribution of clay due to intimate interaction between clay and polymer appears to be the cause for improved properties. The UV–Visible transmission spectra of the composite films exhibited that, the samples retained high optical clarity and they could be potentially used in the packaging industry. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:E128–E136, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies by relative haplotype dosage
Authors: Parks Michael , Court Samantha , Cleary Siobhan , Clokie Samuel , Hewitt Julie , Williams Denise , Cole Trevor , MacDonald Fiona , Griffiths Mike , Allen Stephanie
Published: January 2016

Objective

Development of an accurate and affordable test for the non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD) to implement in clinical practice.

Method

Cell‐free DNA was extracted from maternal blood and prepared for massively parallel sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq by targeted capture enrichment of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the dystrophin gene on chromosome X. Sequencing data were analysed by relative haplotype dosage.

Results

Seven healthy pregnant donors and two pregnant DMD carriers all bearing a male fetus were recruited through the non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis for single gene disorders study. Non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis testing was conducted by relative haplotype dosage analysis for X‐linked disorders where the genomic DNA from the chorionic villus sampling (for healthy pregnant donors) or from the proband (for pregnant DMD carriers) was used to identify the reference haplotype. Results for all patients showed a test accuracy of 100%, when the calculated fetal fraction was >4% and correlated with known outcomes. A recombination event was also detected in a DMD patient.

Conclusion

Our new test for NIPD of DMD/BMD has been shown to be accurate and reliable during initial stages of validation. It is also feasible for implementation into clinical service. © 2016 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐year mortality associated with COPD treatment: a comparison of tiotropium and long‐acting beta2‐agonists in three Italian regions: results from the OUTPUL study
Authors: Kirchmayer Ursula , Cascini Silvia , Agabiti Nera , Di Martino Mirko , Bauleo Lisa , Formoso Giulio , Voci Claudio , Pistelli Riccardo , Patorno Elisabetta , Davoli Marina ,   on behalf of the OUTPUL study group
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Long‐acting bronchodilators, i.e. beta‐2‐agonists (LABA) and tiotropium are commonly used in COPD treatment. Choice of a specific agent is based on effectiveness and safety. Evidence yields controversial results with respect to mortality. The present study compared one‐year mortality associated to treatment with tiotropium versus LABA.

Methods

A population‐based cohort study using data from Italian health information systems was performed. Patients aged 45+ years, discharged with COPD diagnosis in 2006–2009 were identified. Through record linkage with drug claims, patients who received a first prescription of LABA or tiotropium within 6 months after discharge were enrolled. The main analysis was restricted to naïve users (no prior use of either LABA or tiotropium). We used ‘intention to treat’ (ITT) and ‘as treated’ (AT) approaches. We followed patients for a maximum of 12 months. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated by Cox regression including quintiles of propensity score. In sensitivity analysis patients receiving tiotropium + LABA combination were included in the tiotropium group.

Results

Among the 33 891 enrolees, 28% were exposed to Tio, 56% to LABA, 16% to both. Overall mean age was 74 years and the mortality rate was 122/1000 person‐years (py) at the ITT analysis and 108/1000 py at the AT analysis. The adjusted HR for tiotropium only compared with LABA only was 1.06 (95%CI: 0.94–1.20) at the ITT analysis and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.93–1.08) at the AT analysis. Results were robust in sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions

In this real‐world study use of tiotropium was not associated with an increased risk of one‐year mortality compared with LABA. © 2016 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacodynamic Effects of Low‐Dose Pioglitazone in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Vu Anh , Kosmiski Lisa A. , Beitelshees Amber L. , Prigeon Ronald , Sidhom Maha S. , Bredbeck Brooke , Predhomme Julie , Deininger Kimberly M. , Aquilante Christina L.
Published: January 2016

Study Objective

To determine the effects of low‐dose pioglitazone on plasma adipocyte‐derived cytokines, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), and components of the metabolic syndrome in adults with the metabolic syndrome without diabetes mellitus.

Design

Prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study.

Setting

University of Colorado Clinical and Translational Research Center.

Patients

Thirty‐two men and women, aged 30–60 years, without diabetes who had a clinical diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria.

Intervention

Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral pioglitazone 7.5 mg daily or matching placebo for 8 weeks.

Measurements and Main Results

The primary end point was the change in plasma high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) adiponectin level from baseline to week 8. Other end points were changes in plasma total adiponectin, omentin, and hs‐CRP levels, and changes in components of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., insulin sensitivity) from baseline to week 8. Pioglitazone was associated with a significant increase in plasma HMW adiponectin from baseline to week 8 compared with placebo (+47% vs −10%, p<0.001). Insulin sensitivity increased significantly from baseline to week 8 in the pioglitazone group (+88%, p=0.02) but not in the placebo group (+15%, p=0.14). Change in HMW adiponectin was significantly correlated with the change in insulin sensitivity in the pioglitazone group (r= 0.784, p=0.003). No significant differences in mean percentage changes in plasma total adiponectin, omentin, and hs‐CRP levels were observed between the pioglitazone and placebo groups. Likewise, changes in body weight, insulin sensitivity, glucose, lipids, and blood pressure did not differ significantly between the groups.

Conclusion

Low‐dose pioglitazone favorably modulates plasma HMW adiponectin, which was associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity, in patients with the metabolic syndrome without diabetes.
PD‐1 Pathway Inhibitors: Immuno‐Oncology Agents for Restoring Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: Medina Patrick J. , Adams Val R.
Published: January 2016

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are designed to restore a patient's own antitumor immune response that has been suppressed during tumor development. The first monoclonal antibodies against the immune checkpoint programmed death 1 (PD‐1) receptor, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are now approved for clinical use. Both agents are indicated for the treatment of advanced melanoma, as well as for the treatment of metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nivolumab is also approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. In patients with melanoma, these agents result in objective response rates of ~25–40%, with durable responses lasting more than 2 years in some cases. Results from phase III trials have shown improved survival with nivolumab versus standard‐of‐care chemotherapy in both patients with advanced melanoma and those with advanced NSCLC. In patients with advanced melanoma, both PD‐1 inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) have shown improved survival versus ipilimumab. PD‐1 inhibitors are associated with adverse events that have immune etiologies, with grade greater than 3 adverse events typically reported in 16% or less of patients. However, most immune‐mediated adverse events (including grade 3–4 adverse events) can be managed by using published management algorithms without permanent discontinuation of the agent. As nivolumab and pembrolizumab enter the clinic, and with more PD‐1 pathway agents in development for a range of tumor types, this review aims to provide pharmacists with a basic understanding of the role of PD‐1 in modulating the immune system and their use in the cancer treatment. The most recent clinical efficacy and safety data are discussed, highlighting the response characteristics distinctive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, along with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and cost considerations.
Flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell on stainless steel substrate deposited by multi‐layer precursor method: its photovoltaic performance and deep‐level defects
Authors: Chantana Jakapan , Hironiwa Daisuke , Watanabe Taichi , Teraji Seiki , Minemoto Takashi
Published: January 2016

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) films on soda‐lime glass and stainless steel (SUS) substrates with several [Ga]/([Ga] + [In]), GGI, and Fe concentrations are fabricated by so‐called “multi‐layer precursor method”. From optical deep‐level transient spectroscopy, deep‐level defect located at 0.8 eV from valence band maximum (EV) is observed. This defect becomes recombination center when GGI is over 0.4, thereby decreasing cell performances. Fe‐related deep‐level defect is moreover detected in CIGS film on SUS substrate situated at 0.45 eV from EV. Its density is consistent with Fe concentration in CIGS films. According to SCAPS simulation and experimental results, Fe concentration of above threshold (1.0 × 1016 atom/cm3) decreases carrier lifetime and carrier density and has more harmful influence on cell performances with GGI of above 0.4. On the other hand, Fe concentration of below threshold (1.0 × 1016 atom/cm3) has no detrimental impact on cell performances. Namely, conversion efficiency (η) is slightly changed by below 2%. CIGS solar cell on SUS substrate with η of 17.5% is fabricated by decreasing Fe concentration to approximately 5.2 × 1016 atom/cm3 although higher than the threshold value. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why reinvent the wheel? Building new proteins based on ready‐made parts
Authors: Khersonsky Olga , Fleishman Sarel J.
Published: January 2016

We protein engineers are ambivalent about evolution: on the one hand, evolution inspires us with myriad examples of biomolecular binders, sensors, and catalysts; on the other hand, these examples are seldom well‐adapted to the engineering tasks we have in mind. Protein engineers have therefore modified natural proteins by point substitutions and fragment exchanges in an effort to generate new functions. A counterpoint to such design efforts, which is being pursued now with greater success, is to completely eschew the starting materials provided by nature and to design new protein functions from scratch by using de novo molecular modeling and design. While important progress has been made in both directions, some areas of protein design are still beyond reach. To this end, we advocate a synthesis of these two strategies: by using design calculations to both recombine and optimize fragments from natural proteins, we can build stable and as of yet un‐sampled structures, thereby granting access to an expanded repertoire of conformations and desired functions. We propose that future methods that combine phylogenetic analysis, structure and sequence bioinformatics, and atomistic modeling may well succeed where any one of these approaches has failed on its own.
Insecticidal potency of RNAi‐based catalase knockdown in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Al‐Ayedh Hassan , Rizwan‐ul‐Haq Muhammad , Hussain Abid , Aljabr Ahmed M
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND

Palm trees around the world are prone to notorious Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, which causes heavy losses of palm plantations. In Middle Eastern countries, this pest is a major threat to date palm orchards. Conventional pest control measures with the major share of synthetic insecticides have resulted in insect resistance and environmental issues. Therefore, in order to explore better alternatives, the RNAi approach was employed to knock down the catalase gene in fifth and tenth larval instars with different dsRNA application methods, and their insecticidal potency was studied.

RESULTS

dsRNA of 444 bp was prepared to knock down catalase in R. ferrugineus. Out of the three dsRNA application methods, dsRNA injection into larvae was the most effective, followed by dsRNA application by artificial feeding. Both methods resulted in significant catalase knockdown in various tissues, especially the midgut. As a result, the highest growth inhibition of 123.49 and 103.47% and larval mortality of 80 and 40% were observed in fifth‐instar larvae, whereas larval growth inhibition remained at 86.83 and 69.08% with larval mortality at 30 and 10% in tenth‐instar larvae after dsRNA injection and artificial diet treatment. The topical application method was the least efficient, with the lowest larval growth inhibition of 57.23 and 45.61% and 0% mortality in fifth‐ and tenth‐instar larvae. Generally, better results were noted at the high dsRNA dose of 5 µL.

CONCLUSION

Catalase enzyme is found in most insect body tissues, and thus its dsRNA can cause broad‐scale gene knockdown within the insect body, depending upon the application method. Significant larval mortality and growth inhibition after catalase knockdown in R. ferrugineus confirms its insecticidal potency and suggests a bright future for RNAi‐based bioinsecticides in pest control. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Constructive feedback for the growth of laser‐induced periodic surface structures
Authors: Déziel Jean‐Luc , Dumont Joey , Gagnon Denis , Dubé Louis J. , Messaddeq Sandra H. , Messaddeq Younès
Published: January 2016

We study the formation and growth of laser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) with the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. We use a recently proposed inter‐pulse feedback method to account for the evolution of the surface morphology between each laser pulse sent to the surface of the processed material. This method has been used with an ablation‐like mechanism, by removing material exposed to a light intensity higher than a given threshold.

We propose an inverse mechanism, an expansion‐like mechanism, able to grow structures that the ablation‐like process cannot. This allows us to introduce the notions of constructive and destructive feedback and explains a strong contradiction between the standard Sipe‐Drude theory and the experimental observations, i.e. the formation on metals of structures usually linked to wide band gap dielectrics. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of compressively‐strained GaN films on Si(111) substrates with thick AlGaN transition and AlGaN superlattice buffer layers
Authors: Pan Lei , Dong Xun , Ni Jinyu , Li Zhonghui , Yang Qiankun , Peng Daqing , Li Chuanhao
Published: January 2016

In this paper, crack‐free GaN films with step‐graded AlGaN transition layer and AlGaN superlattice layer as buffer layers were grown on Si(111) substrate by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD). The combination of both buffers effectively improves the properties of GaN layer. With the optimization of the buffer structures, high quality compressively‐strained GaN layers with thickness up to 3.6 μm have been obtained on Si(111) substrates (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The modeling of medical expenditure data from a longitudinal survey using the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach
Authors: Hass Zachary , Levine Michael , Sands Laura P. , Ting Jeffrey , Xu Huiping
Published: January 2016

Medical expenditure data analysis has recently become an important problem in biostatistics. These data typically have a number of features making their analysis rather difficult. Commonly, they are heavily right‐skewed, contain a large percentage of zeros, and often exhibit large numbers of missing observations because of death and/or the lack of follow‐up. They are also commonly obtained from records that are linked to large longitudinal data surveys. In this manuscript, we suggest a novel approach to modeling these data through the use of generalized method of moments estimation procedure combined with appropriate weights that account for both dropout due to death and the probability of being sampled from among the National Long Term Care Survey (NLTCS) subjects. This approach seems particularly appropriate because of the large number of subjects relative to the length of observation period (in months). We also use a simulation study to compare our proposed approach with and without the use of weights. The proposed model is applied to medical expenditure data obtained from the 2004–2005 NLTCS‐linked Medicare database. The results suggest that the amount of medical expenditures incurred is strongly associated with higher number of activities of daily living (ADL) disabilities and self‐reports of unmet need for help with ADL disabilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutritional properties of wholemeal wheat‐flour bread with an addition of selected wild grown fruits
Authors: Borczak Barbara , Sikora Elżbieta , Sikora Marek , Kapusta‐Duch Joanna , Kutyła‐Kupidura Edyta M. , Fołta Maria
Published: January 2016

This study aims at evaluating the impact of wild‐grown fruits (elderberry, sea‐buckthorn, rowan, and hawthorn) on the nutritional properties of wheat‐flour breads. The following parameters were measured: the content of the total starch (TS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), rapidly digestible starch (RDS), resistant starch (RS), the starch digestion index (SDI), the chemical composition (dry matter, protein, fat, dietary fiber, and ash). The breads enriched with wild‐grown fruits had higher nutritional value due to significantly higher contents of fat and dietary fiber as well as ash in comparison with the control bread. Bread with sea‐buckthorn had the lowest value of total starch (TS). All enriched breads had significantly lower content of rapidly digestible starch (RDS), except the hawthorn bread. Only the sea‐buckthorn bread had significantly higher amount of slowly digestible starch (SDS), while the elderberry bread had significantly higher content of resistant starch (RS). Elderberry and sea‐buckthorn breads had the lowest starch digestion index (SDI). The bread with elderberry fruits had the highest content of total polyphenols. All enriched breads had much greater antioxidant capacities than the control bread. The breads with elderberry exerted the strongest antioxidant capacity.
Cell-Surface MMP-9 Protein Is a Novel Functional Marker to Identify and Separate Proangiogenic Cells from Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells Derived from CD133+ Cells
Authors: Kanayasu-Toyoda Toshie , Tanaka Takeshi , Kikuchi Yutaka , Uchida Eriko , Matsuyama Akifumi , Yamaguchi Teruhide
Published: January 2016

To develop cell therapies for ischemic diseases, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been expected to play a pivotal role in vascular regeneration. It is desirable to use a molecular marker that is related to the function of the cells. Here, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction array revealed that early EPCs derived from CD133+ cells exhibited significant expression of MMP-9. Some populations of early EPCs expressed MMP-9 on the cell surface and others did not. We also attempted to separate the proangiogenic fraction from early EPCs derived from CD133+ cells using a functional cell surface marker, and we then analyzed the MMP-9+ and MMP-9− cell fractions. The MMP-9+ cells not only revealed higher invasion ability but also produced a high amount of IL-8. Moreover, the stimulative effect of MMP-9+ cells on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo was prohibited by anti-IL-8 antibody. These data indicate that MMP-9 is one of the useful cell surface markers for the separation of angiogenic cells. Our treatment of early EPCs with hyaluronidase caused not only a downregulation of cell-surface MMP-9 but also a decrease in invasion ability, indicating that membrane-bound MMP-9, which is one of the useful markers for early EPCs, plays an important role in angiogenesis.
Tetrandrine induces programmed cell death in human oral cancer CAL 27 cells through the reactive oxygen species production and caspase‐dependent pathways and associated with beclin‐1‐induced cell autophagy
Authors: Lien Jin‐Cherng , Lin Meng‐Wei , Chang Shu‐Jen , Lai Kuang‐Chi , Huang An‐Cheng , Yu Fu‐Shun , Chung Jing‐Gung
Published: January 2016

Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, is extracted from the root of the Chinese herb Radix Stephania tetrandra S Moore. This compound has antitumor activity in different cancer cell types. In this study, the effects of tetrandrine on human oral cancer CAL 27 cells were examined. Results indicated that tetrandrine induced cytotoxic activity in CAL 27 cells. Effects were due to cell death by the induction of apoptosis and accompany with autophagy and these effects were concentration‐ and time‐dependent manners. Tetrandrine induced apoptosis was accompanied by alterations in cell morphology, chromatin fragmentation, and caspase activation in CAL 27 cells. Tetrandrine treatment also induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The generation of ROS may play an important role in tetrandrine‐induced apoptosis. Tetrandrine triggered LC3B expression and induced autophagy in CAL 27 cells. Tetrandrine induced apoptosis and autophagy were significantly attenuated by N‐acetylcysteine pretreatment that supports the involvement of ROS production. Tetrandrine induced cell death may act through caspase‐dependent apoptosis with Beclin‐1‐induced autophagy in human oral cancer cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 329–343, 2017.
Contraction‐based uterine artery Doppler velocimetry: novel approach for prediction of preterm birth in women with threatened preterm labor
Authors: Olgan S. , Celiloglu M.
Published: January 2016

Objective

To evaluate whether uterine artery (UtA) Doppler velocimetry during peak uterine contraction is a useful marker for the prediction of preterm delivery.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, 172 patients admitted with preterm (24–35 weeks' gestation) uterine contractions were evaluated by UtA Doppler velocimetry during peak uterine contraction and by common obstetric measurements including cervical length. For UtA Doppler velocimetry, flow‐velocity waveforms during peak uterine contraction (determined visually on tocodynamometry) were recorded during three consecutive heart cycles, and the mean UtA pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) was calculated.

Results

UtA‐PI during the peak of contractions was significantly higher in patients who delivered within 7 days than in those who did not (P < 0.001). On receiver–operating characteristics curve analysis of UtA‐PI on contraction, the areas under the curve for prediction of delivery within 48 h, 7 days or 14 days, ≤ 35 weeks and ≤ 37 weeks were 0.92, 0.88, 0.81, 0.83 and 0.74, respectively. Multiple regression analysis identified UtA‐PI on contraction (P < 0.001) and cervical length (P < 0.001) as predictors of admission‐to‐delivery interval. The corresponding adjusted odds ratios for delivery within 7 days were 16.5 (95% CI, 5.7–47.2) for UtA‐PI on contraction ≥ 1.32, and 14.7 (95% CI, 5.2–41.8) for cervical length ≤ 28 mm.

Conclusion

Use of UtA Doppler velocimetry during peak uterine contraction for patients exhibiting symptoms of preterm labor might be effective for the identification of pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Optical Properties of (CH3NH3)2CoX4 (X = Cl, Br, I, Cl0.5Br0.5, Cl0.5I0.5, Br0.5I0.5)
Authors: Daub Michael , Stroh Regina , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: January 2016

The reaction of methylammonium halides and cobalt halides yielded the organic‐inorganic hybrid compounds of general formula (CH3NH3)2CoX4. By varying the different halides, we were able to synthesize the whole row from Cl to I as well as some mixed halides compounds and to determinate the crystal structures. (CH3NH3)2CoX4 (X = Cl, Br, Cl0.5Br0.5, Br0.5I0.5) crystallize isotypic to (CH3NH3)2HgCl4 in space group P21/c with Z = 4 [X = Cl: a = 7.6483(9), b = 12.6885(18), c = 10.8752(12) Å, β = 96.639(9)°; X = Cl0.5Br0.5: a = 7.8271(9), b = 12.9543(9), c = 11.1007(11) Å, β = 96.320(8)°; X = Br: a = 7.9782(2), b = 13.1673(2), c = 11.2602(2) Å, β = 96.3260(10)° and X = Br0.5I0.5: a = 8.2435(12), b = 13.645(2), c = 11.5856(18) Å, β = 95.54(2)°]. The mixed halides show a statistic distribution in both cases. In (CH3NH3)2CoCl2I2 an ordered variant is realized representing a new structure type [C2/m, Z = 4, a = 18.808(4), b = 7.3604(7), c = 10.4109(17) Å, β = 120.364(13)°]. (CH3NH3)2CoI4 crystallizes again isotypic to the respective mercury compound [(CH3NH3)2HgCl4] [Pbca, Z = 8, a = 10.9265(5), b = 12.1552(5), c = 20.9588(9) Å]. All structures are build up by inorganic tetrahedral [CoX4]2– anions and organic (CH3NH4)+ cations. Additionally the Raman spectra as well as the optical reflectance spectra are discussed.
In Situ Hypothermic Perfusion of the Liver for Complex Hepatic Resection: Surgical Refinements
Authors: Cauchy François , Brustia Raffaele , Perdigao Fabiano , Bernard Denis , Soubrane Olivier , Scatton Olivier
Published: January 2016

Introduction

While total vascular exclusion (TVE) with veno‐venous bypass and hypothermia may be undertaken to increase liver tolerance for complex liver resection, these procedures are still associated with elevated rates of postoperative complications and mortality. In particular, one of the main issues of this strategy is the management of bleeding after declamping, which is enhanced by both hypothermic state and acidosis. To overcome this high risk of morbidity, several technical refinements might be undertaken and here described (with video).

Methods

All patients, requiring TVE >60 min and liver cooling during hepatectomy, were retrospectively included in this study. Technical key points as (a) patient selection, (b) anesthetic management, (c) two‐surgeon’s technique, (d) preparation for clamping, (e) veno‐venous bypass, (f) cooling of the liver, and (g) parenchymal transection, rewarming, and declamping are described and detailed.

Results

From 2011 to 2013, we included 8 cases of liver resection with TVE, veno‐venous bypass, and hypothermia for malignant disease. Due to the technical refinements, median observed overall blood loss of 550 ml (300–900) including 200 ml (50–300) at declamping and transfusion of packed red blood cell (PRBC) units was required in 5 patients with a mean of 1.25 PRBC/patient.

Conclusion

The association of TVE, veno‐venous bypass, and liver cooling can reduce the time of transection, and blue dye injection and liver rewarming before declamping can reduce blood loss and coagulopathy. Altogether, limited blood loss can be achieved for these complex procedures and may allow to decreasing morbidity.
Wear characteristics of copper-based surface-level microcomposites and nanocomposites prepared by friction stir processing
Authors: Cartigueyen S. , Mahadevan K.
Published: January 2016

In this study, microsized and nanosized silicon carbide particles (SiCps) were successfully incorporated into commercial pure copper to form a surface metal matrix composite by friction stir processing (FSP) at low-heat-input conditions. A cluster of blind holes on a copper plate was used as particle deposition technique during the fabrication of the composite. Pin-on-disc testing was performed under dry sliding conditions to determine the wear characteristics of prepared composite surfaces. The homogeneity of particle distribution both inside the copper matrix and in the wear scar was determined via microstructural observations. It was observed that both microsized and nanosized SiCps were well distributed and homogenous in a stir zone; particles observed were without defects, and good bonding was observed between SiCps and the copper matrix. Comparisons between Cu/SiCp composite layers and friction stir processed (FSPed) Cu and as-received Cu showed that Cu/SiCp nanocomposite layers exhibited superior microhardness and dry sliding wear characteristics.
Friction between a temperature dependent viscoelastic body and a rough surface
Authors: Heise Rainer
Published: January 2016

In this study, we investigate the friction between a one-dimensional elastomer and a one-dimensional rigid randomly rough surface. Special emphasis is laid on the temperature dependence of the elastomer and its effect on the frictional behavior of the contact. The elastomer is modeled as a Kelvin body in a one-dimensional substitute model in the spirit of the method of dimensionality reduction. The randomly rough surface is a self-affine one-dimensional fractal. We provide a short discussion of a conical indenter pressed in a displacement controlled process into an elastomer. These analytical considerations are taken as a basis for the treatment of the randomly rough counter surface in contact to an elastomer with and without temperature dependent viscosity. We identify dimensionless quantities describing this process, introduce a thermal length scale, and give estimates for the coefficient of friction as function of velocity, indentation and thermal quantities.
Sonographic Diagnosis of Omphalocele in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Diwakar Rajendra Kumar , Chandrakar Karan , Naik Meena , Tiwari Apurva
Published: January 2016

Omphaloceles or exomphalos are congenital midline abdominal wall defects at the base of the umbilical cord insertion with herniation of gut and/or liver or occasionally other content, out of the fetal abdomen. Prenatal detection has significantly increased with a wide use of ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein screening. Omphaloceles detected early in pregnancy and containing only bowel, have increased risk of associated anomalies and chromosomal disorders.
Resveratrol augments therapeutic efficiency of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐based therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Wang Dong , Li Shi‐Ping , Fu Jin‐Sheng , Bai Lin , Guo Li
Published: January 2016

Experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease, which served as a useful model providing considerable insights into the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBM‐MSC) were shown to have neuroprotection capabilities in EAE. Resveratrol is a small polyphenolic compound and possess therapeutic activity in various immune‐mediated diseases. The sensitivity of mBM‐MSCs to resveratrol was determined by an established cell‐viability assay. Resveratrol‐treated mBM‐MSCs were also characterized with flow cytometry using MSC‐specific surface markers and analyzed for their multiple differentiation capacities. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35‐55. Interferon gamma (IFN‐γ)/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4)/interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), the hallmark cytokines that direct T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 development, were detected with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vivo efficacy experiments showed that mBM‐MSCs or resveratrol alone led to a significant reduction in clinical scores, and combined treatment resulted in even more prominent reduction. The combined treatment with mBM‐MSCs and resveratrol enhanced the immunomodulatory effects, showing suppressed proinflammatory cytokines (IFN‐γ, TNF‐α) and increased anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐10). The combination of mBM‐MSCs and resveratrol provides a novel potential experimental protocol for alleviating EAE symptoms.
Randomized controlled trial comparing 200 μg and 400 μg sublingual misoprostol for prevention of primary postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Ugwu Innocent A. , Oluwasola Timothy A. , Enabor Obehi O. , Anayochukwu‐Ugwu Ngozi N. , Adeyemi Abolaji B. , Olayemi Oladapo O.
Published: January 2016

Objective

To compare efficacy and adverse effects of 200 μg and 400 μg misoprostol for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).

Methods

In a randomized control trial, women with term singleton pregnancies in active labor attending University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, were enrolled between July 2011 and February 2012. Participants were randomly assigned using random numbers (block size four) to receive 200 μg or 400 μg sublingual misoprostol after delivery of the anterior shoulder, alongside intravenous oxytocin. Investigators were masked to group assignment, but participants were not. The primary outcomes were blood loss up to 1 h after delivery, PPH (blood loss ≥ 500 mL), and adverse effects.

Results

Overall, 62 patients were assigned to each group. No significant differences between the 200‐μg and 400‐μg groups were recorded in mean peripartum blood loss (307 ± 145 mL vs 296 ± 151 mL; P = 0.679) and PPH occurrence (5 [8.1%] vs 6 [9.7%] women; P = 0.752). Noticeable adverse effects were reported by 16 (25.8%) women in the 200‐μg group and 42 (67.7%) in the 400‐μg group (P < 0.001). Risk of shivering was significantly lower with 200 μg than 400 μg (relative risk 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.58).

Conclusion

Blood loss and PPH occurrence did not differ by misoprostol dose, but a 200‐μg dose was associated with a reduction in adverse effects.

Pan Africa Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR201505001107182
On the importance of revisiting what we (thought we) already knew
Authors: Ketokivi Mikko
Published: January 2016

In this JOM Forum article, three operations management scholars and production geography pioneers Kasra Ferdows, Ann Vereecke, and Arnoud De Meyer discuss the challenge and the complexity of managing geographically dispersed operations.
Selective inhibition of tumor cell associated Vacuolar‐ATPase ‘a2’ isoform overcomes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Kulshrestha Arpita , Katara Gajendra K. , Ginter Jordyn , Pamarthy Sahithi , Ibrahim Safaa A. , Jaiswal Mukesh K. , Sandulescu Corina , Periakaruppan Ramayee , Dolan James , Gilman-Sachs Alice , Beaman Kenneth D.
Published: January 2016

Development of resistance to platinum compounds significantly hinders successful ovarian cancer (OVCA) treatment. In tumor cells, dysregulated pH gradient across cell membranes is a key physiological mechanism of metastasis/chemo‐resistance. These pH alterations are mediated by aberrant activation of key multi‐subunit proton pumps, Vacuolar‐ATPases (V‐ATPases). In tumor cells, its ‘a2’ isoform (V‐ATPase‐V0a2) is a component of functional plasma–membrane complex and promotes tumor invasion through tumor‐acidification and immuno‐modulation. Its involvement in chemo‐resistance has not been studied. Here, we show that V‐ATPase‐V0a2 is over‐expressed in acquired‐cisplatin resistant OVCA cells (cis‐A2780/cis‐TOV112D). Of all the ‘a’ subunit isoforms, V‐ATPase‐V0a2 exhibited an elevated expression on plasma membrane of cisplatin‐resistant cells compared to sensitive counterparts. Immuno‐histochemistry revealed V‐ATPase‐V0a2 expression in both low grade (highly drug‐resistant) and high grade (highly recurrent) human OVCA tissues indicating its role in a centralized mechanism of tumor resistance. In cisplatin resistant cells, shRNA mediated inhibition of V‐ATPase‐V0a2 enhanced sensitivity towards both cisplatin and carboplatin. This improved cytotoxicity was mediated by enhanced cisplatin‐DNA‐adduct formation and suppressed DNA‐repair pathway, leading to enhanced apoptosis. Suppression of V0a2 activity strongly reduced cytosolic pH in resistant tumor cells, which is known to enhance platinum‐associated DNA‐damage. As an indicator of reduced metastasis and chemo‐resistance, in contrast to plasma membrane localization, a diffused cytoplasmic localization of acidic vacuoles was observed in V0a2‐knockdown resistant cells. Interestingly, pre‐treatment with monoclonal V0a2‐inhibitory antibody enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity in resistant cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that the isoform specific inhibition of V‐ATPase‐V0a2 could serve as a therapeutic strategy for chemo‐resistant ovarian carcinoma and improve efficacy of platinum drugs.
Reproducibility of a web-based FFQ for 13- to 15-year-old Danish adolescents
Authors: Bjerregaard Anne A. , Tetens Inge , Olsen Sjurdur F. , Halldorsson Thorhallur I.
Published: January 2016

FFQ are widely used in large-scale studies to assess dietary intake. To aid interpretation of diet–disease associations assessment of validity must be performed. Reproducibility is one aspect of validity focusing on the stability of repeated assessment with the same method which may also reveal problems in instrument design or participant instructions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reproducibility of a web-based FFQ targeting Danish adolescents within the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Data for the present study were obtained from a prospective design nested within the DNBC. Adolescents aged 13 to 15 years old (n48, 60 % girls) completed the FFQ twice 4 weeks apart. The proportion of adolescents consistently classified into the same tertile according to amount of food intake ranged from 45 % (fish) to 77 % (vegetables), whereas classification into opposite tertiles ranged from 0 % (fruit, oils and dressing) to 15 % (beverages). Overall, no significant differences were observed in intake of food groups or nutrients between the two completions of the FFQ. Mean crude Spearman correlation for all food groups was 0·56 and mean intra-class correlation for all food groups was 0·61. In conclusion, the reproducibility of the FFQ for Danish adolescents was acceptable. The study revealed that adolescents aged 13–15 years seemed capable of recalling consistently overall dietary habits and had some difficulties estimating the frequency of consumption of regularly consumed food items.