bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses via CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
Authors: Ebner Karl , Fontebasso Veronica , Ferro Federico , Singewald Nicolas , Hannibal Jens
Published: October 2024

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide widely distributed in the brain including the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) implying a regulatory role in stress function. Recent evidence indicates that one of the main targets of PACAP within the PVN are corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons, which are key regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the neural correlates that mediate PACAP effects on stress function are not fully understood. In the present study, we characterized the neuronal mechanism by which PACAP regulates neuroendocrine and behavioral stress responses in rats. We found that intracerebroventricular administration of PACAP increased the swim stress-induced c-Fos expression in distinct brain areas of the stress and anxiety circuitry including the parvocellular part of the PVN and changed behavioral stress coping during forced swimming to a more passive coping style (i.e., indicated by increased floating and reduced struggling behavior). Subsequently, PACAP administration directly into the PVN mimicked these behavioral effects and potentiated the plasma ACTH response to forced swim stress suggesting an excitatory role of PACAP on HPA stress axis reactivity. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a considerable portion of stress-activated CRF neurons in the medial parvocellular part of the PVN that co-localized PAC1 receptors suggesting that PACAP-induced effects on stress function are likely mediated directly by activation of CRF neurons in the PVN. Thus, these findings suggest that the PVN may represent one of the key areas where PACAP regulates the neuroendocrine and behavioral stress response.
METTL3 confers oxaliplatin resistance through the activation of G6PD-enhanced pentose phosphate pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jin Xiaohan , Lv Yongrui , Bie Fengjie , Duan Jinling , Ma Chao , Dai Miaomiao , Chen Jiewei , Lu Lianghe , Xu Shuidan , Zhou Jie , Li Si , Bi Jiong , Wang Fengwei , Xie Dan , Cai Muyan
Published: October 2024

Oxaliplatin-based therapeutics is a widely used treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients; however, drug resistance poses a significant clinical challenge. Epigenetic modifications have been implicated in the development of drug resistance. In our study, employing siRNA library screening, we identified that silencing the m6A writer METTL3 significantly enhanced the sensitivity to oxaliplatin in both in vivo and in vitro HCC models. Further investigations through combined RNA-seq and non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that silencing METTL3 impeded the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), leading to a reduction in NADPH and nucleotide precursors. This disruption induced DNA damage, decreased DNA synthesis, and ultimately resulted in cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, METTL3 was found to modify E3 ligase TRIM21 near the 3’UTR with N6-methyladenosine, leading to reduced RNA stability upon recognition by YTHDF2. TRIM21, in turn, facilitated the degradation of the rate-limiting enzyme of PPP, G6PD, through the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway. Importantly, high expression of METTL3 was significantly associated with adverse prognosis and oxaliplatin resistance in HCC patients. Notably, treatment with the specific METTL3 inhibitor, STM2457, significantly improved the efficacy of oxaliplatin. These findings underscore the critical role of the METTL3/TRIM21/G6PD axis in driving oxaliplatin resistance and present a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance in HCC.
Dirichlet latent modelling enables effective learning and sampling of the functional protein design space
Authors: Lobzaev Evgenii , Stracquadanio Giovanni
Published: October 2024

Engineering proteins with desired functions and biochemical properties is pivotal for biotechnology and drug discovery. While computational methods based on evolutionary information are reducing the experimental burden by designing targeted libraries of functional variants, they still have a low success rate when the desired protein has few or very remote homologous sequences. Here we propose an autoregressive model, called Temporal Dirichlet Variational Autoencoder (TDVAE), which exploits the mathematical properties of the Dirichlet distribution and temporal convolution to efficiently learn high-order information from a functionally related, possibly remotely similar, set of sequences. TDVAE is highly accurate in predicting the effects of amino acid mutations, while being significantly 90% smaller than the other state-of-the-art models. We then use TDVAE to design variants of the human alpha galactosidase enzymes as potential treatment for Fabry disease. Our model builds a library of diverse variants which retain sequence, biochemical and structural properties of the wildtype protein, suggesting they could be suitable for enzyme replacement therapy. Taken together, our results show the importance of accurate sequence modelling and the potential of autoregressive models as protein engineering and analysis tools.
Collective buoyancy-driven dynamics in swarming enzymatic nanomotors
Authors: Chen Shuqin , Peetroons Xander , Bakenecker Anna C. , Lezcano Florencia , Aranson Igor S. , Sánchez Samuel
Published: October 2024

Enzymatic nanomotors harvest kinetic energy through the catalysis of chemical fuels. When a drop containing nanomotors is placed in a fuel-rich environment, they assemble into ordered groups and exhibit intriguing collective behaviour akin to the bioconvection of aerobic microorganismal suspensions. This collective behaviour presents numerous advantages compared to individual nanomotors, including expanded coverage and prolonged propulsion duration. However, the physical mechanisms underlying the collective motion have yet to be fully elucidated. Our study investigates the formation of enzymatic swarms using experimental analysis and computational modelling. We show that the directional movement of enzymatic nanomotor swarms is due to their solutal buoyancy. We investigate various factors that impact the movement of nanomotor swarms, such as particle concentration, fuel concentration, fuel viscosity, and vertical confinement. We examine the effects of these factors on swarm self-organization to gain a deeper understanding. In addition, the urease catalysis reaction produces ammonia and carbon dioxide, accelerating the directional movement of active swarms in urea compared with passive ones in the same conditions. The numerical analysis agrees with the experimental findings. Our findings are crucial for the potential biomedical applications of enzymatic nanomotor swarms, ranging from enhanced diffusion in bio-fluids and targeted delivery to cancer therapy.
Late-life psychiatric factors and life satisfaction are associated with cognitive errors: evidence from an experimental module of a large-scale survey in India
Authors: Irshad C. V. , Padma Sri Lekha P. , Abdul Azeez E. P. , Muhammed T.
Published: October 2024

Older adults are at risk of committing cognitive and decision-making errors due to the decline in cognitive functions. However, the understanding of the determining factors of cognitive errors among ageing adults is limited. In this study, we explored the role of various psychiatric factors, life satisfaction, and other socioeconomic, health and behavioural risk factors of committing cognitive errors among middle-aged and older adults in India. The study utilized the data from the experimental module of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave-1 (2017–2018) with a sample of 12,754 adults aged 45 years and above. The cognitive error was measured using logical fallacies committed in the activity-based experiments. The study employed descriptive, bivariate statistics and multivariable logistic regression models to identify the factors associated with cognitive errors among the study participants. Depression (aOR = 1.28, 99%, CI: 1.16–1.41), life satisfaction (aOR = 0.99, 99%, CI: 0.98–1.00), and cognitive impairment (aOR = 1.13, 90% CI: 1.00–1.30) were significantly associated with higher odds of committing cognitive errors among the middle-aged and older adults. Also, ageing adults with low educational levels, functional limitations, sleep disturbances, smoking history, living in rural areas and belonging to scheduled tribes had a higher probability of committing cognitive errors. However, involvement in physical activity, reading habits and social interactions reduced the odds of cognitive errors among this sample. Mental health and well-being indicators, including depression, life satisfaction, cognitive impairment, and other health and behavioural health factors, determine cognitive errors among ageing adults. Programs and policies should be initiated to address these factors, reduce cognitive errors, and ensure active ageing.
Adaptation biases the parallel perception of subitized numerosities
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhao Xiaoke , Liu Ying , Li Yating , Li Jingguang
Published: October 2024

Numerosity adaptation is a phenomenon in which prolonged exposure to a stimulus of greater numerosity makes subsequent stimuli appear less numerous, and vice versa. It has been confined to moderated numerosities outside the subitizing range (> 4). This study investigated whether the estimation of small numerosities (1–4), which is performed rapidly and accurately due to the mechanism of subitizing, is susceptible to adaptation. After adapting to a 50-dot stimulus, participants were presented with stimuli consisting of 1–5 color sets. In some trials, participants were informed of the target color-set before the presentation of stimuli, while in others, they were instructed afterwards. When estimating 1–4 dots in the single-color set or superset (the total dots), no adaptation effect was observed. The coefficient of variation (CV) was below 0.05, indicating the effective function of subitizing. However, when enumerating subsets in parallel, adaptation biased the estimation. The CV in estimating subitized numerosities was comparable to and correlated with that of estimating moderate numerosities (5–12), suggesting that subitizing was superseded by numerosity estimation. Greater effects arise when the targets were probed afterwards, with elevated CV. The prior adaptor may be more weighted to optimize detection of number deviations, especially under higher perceptual uncertainty.
Antigen targeting and anti-tumor activity of a novel anti-CD146 212Pb internalizing alpha-radioimmunoconjugate against malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Lindland Kim , Malenge Marion Masitsa , Li Ruth Gong , Wouters Roxanne , Bønsdorff Tina Bjørnlund , Juzeniene Asta , Dragovic Srdan M.
Published: October 2024

Malignant mesothelioma, a highly aggressive cancer that primarily affects the serosal membranes, has limited therapeutic options, particularly for cavitary tumors, such as peritoneal and pleural malignant mesothelioma. Intracavitary administration of a radioimmunoconjugate to locally target mesothelioma cancer cells has been proposed as a treatment. CD146, upregulated in mesothelioma but not in healthy tissues, is a promising therapeutic target. This study characterized CD146 expression and binding/internalization kinetics of the CD146-targeting antibody OI-3 coupled with 212Pb (212Pb-TCMC-OI-3) in human mesothelioma cells. Flow cytometry showed that both chimeric (chOI-3) and murine (mOI-3) antibodies rapidly bound and internalized within 1–6 h in MSTO-211H cells. 212Pb-TCMC-chOI-3 exhibited 3.1- to 13.7-fold and 3.1- to 8.5-fold increased internalized 212Pb and 212Bi atoms per cell at 2 and 24 h, respectively, compared to isotype control, underscoring enhanced internalization efficiency. Intraperitoneal administration of 212Pb-TCMC-mOI-3 to mice with intraperitoneal MSTO-211H xenografts improved median survival by a ratio of 1.3 compared to non-binding 212Pb-TCMC-mIgG1. The ability of 212Pb-TCMC-mOI-3 to target and inhibit the growth of intraperitoneal mesothelioma xenografts supports targeted radionuclide therapy’s efficacy for metastatic peritoneal mesothelioma. This study highlights the potential of localized CD146-targeted radioimmunotherapy for malignant mesothelioma, offering a new avenue for improving patient outcomes.
Evaluation of tolvaptan-associated hepatic disorder using different national pharmacovigilance databases
Authors: Uno Takaya , Hosomi Kouichi , Yokoyama Satoshi
Published: October 2024

Tolvaptan-associated hepatic disorder is a rare, but lethal adverse event; however, the precise risk and time of onset remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the severity, time‑to‑onset, and outcomes of hepatic disorder based on patient age and sex. Patient data were acquired from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER) and the JAPIC AERS database, which consists of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) processed by the Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center. Hepatic disorder was classified as severe or nonsevere. Tolvaptan use was associated with hepatic disorder in analyses using the FAERS [Severe hepatic disorder: reporting odds ratio (ROR) 4.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.33‒5.61; information component (IC) 2.11, 95% CI 1.92‒2.29; nonsevere hepatic disorder: ROR 6.78, 95% CI 6.01‒7.65; IC 2.51, 95% CI 2.33‒2.68] and the JADER (severe hepatic disorder: ROR 4.21, 95% CI 3.57‒4.97; IC 1.86, 95% CI 1.63‒2.10; nonsevere hepatic disorder: ROR 4.27, 95% CI 3.68‒4.95; IC 1.83, 95% CI 1.62‒2.04). A time‑to‑onset analysis revealed that the median onset time was significantly longer in patients aged < 60 years compared with patients aged ≥ 60, regardless of the severity (FAERS: severe hepatic disorder 7 vs. 58 days, p < 0.0001; nonsevere hepatic disorder 8 vs. 52.5 days, p < 0.0001; JADER: severe hepatic disorder 9.5 vs. 32 days, p = 0.0017; nonsevere hepatic disorder 9 vs. 89 days, p < 0.0001). Severe outcomes were observed, regardless of the severity of hepatic disorder. Patients should be monitored for liver function based on age to prevent fatal outcomes.
Chest compression quality decreases in hypoxic conditions simulating an airliner cabin at cruising altitude: a randomized, controlled, double-blind Manikin Study
Authors: Schmitz Jan , Aeschbach Daniel , Beccard Inga , Frings Nina , Hinkelbein Jochen , Jordan Jens , Kammerer Tobias , Liebold Felix , Limper Ulrich , Post Titiaan , Schick Volker , Tank Jens , Elmenhorst Eva-Maria
Published: October 2024

Air traveler numbers are predicted to reach 4.0 billion in 2024. Between 1/15,000–50,000 passengers will experience acute medical problems inflight with cardiac arrests requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) accounting for 0.3% of medical emergencies. Hypoxia in airplane cabins could impair oxygenation and physical performance of caregivers. We conducted a randomized controlled, double-blind study to test the hypothesis that hypoxia decreases the effectiveness in performing CPR. We randomized 24 healthcare professionals to two different study arms, each consisting of two conditions: arm (1) ‘hypoxia (FiO2 15%, equivalent to 2400 m altitude)’ versus ‘normoxia’; arm (2) ‘hypoxia + supplemental oxygen’ versus ‘normoxia + supplemental oxygen’. The order of conditions was counterbalanced and a minimum wash-out period of 24 h was granted between conditions. In each condition participants performed a 5-min cardiac compression only CPR (CCO-CPR) using a full-body manikin after one, three and six hours in an altitude chamber. Mixed ANOVAs with post-hoc false-discovery-rate adjusted pairwise comparisons indicated that although compression frequency was maintained, the number of compressions with correct depth was decreased at all times during hypoxia compared to normoxia (all p < 0.002). After 6 h hypoxia exposure, mean compression depth was below the recommended compression depth defined by ERC/AHA guidelines and reduced compared to normoxia (42.4 ± 12.6 mm vs. 54.6 ± 4.3 mm, p < 0.0001). Supplemental oxygen during CCO-CPR in hypoxia prevented the decrease of compression-depth (55.3 ± 3 mm). Extended hypoxia exposure akin to conditions in airplane cabins can reduce quality of chest compressions during CPR. Supplemental oxygen for healthcare providers is an effective countermeasure.
Reverse engineering of feedforward cortical-Hippocampal microcircuits for modelling neural network function and dysfunction
Authors: Hanssen Katrine Sjaastad , Winter-Hjelm Nicolai , Niethammer Salome Nora , Kobro-Flatmoen Asgeir , Witter Menno P. , Sandvig Axel , Sandvig Ioanna
Published: October 2024

Engineered biological neural networks are indispensable models for investigation of neural function and dysfunction from the subcellular to the network level. Notably, advanced neuroengineering approaches are of significant interest for their potential to replicate the topological and functional organization of brain networks. In this study, we reverse engineered feedforward neural networks of primary cortical and hippocampal neurons, using a custom-designed multinodal microfluidic device with Tesla valve inspired microtunnels. By interfacing this device with nanoporous microelectrodes, we show that the reverse engineered multinodal neural networks exhibit capacity for both segregated and integrated functional activity, mimicking brain network dynamics. To advocate the broader applicability of our model system, we induced localized perturbations with amyloid beta to study the impact of pathology on network functionality. Additionally, we demonstrate long-term culturing of subregion- and layer specific neurons extracted from the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of adult Alzheimer’s-model mice and rats. Our results thus highlight the potential of our approach for reverse engineering of anatomically relevant multinodal neural networks to study dynamic structure-function relationships in both healthy and pathological conditions.
Enhancing multiclass brain tumor diagnosis using SVM and innovative feature extraction techniques
Authors: Basthikodi Mustafa , Chaithrashree M. , Ahamed Shafeeq B. M. , Gurpur Ananth Prabhu
Published: October 2024

In the field of medical imaging, accurately classifying brain tumors remains a significant challenge because of the visual similarities among different tumor types. This research addresses the challenge of multiclass categorization by employing Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the core classification algorithm and analyzing its performance in conjunction with feature extraction techniques such as Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP), as well as the dimensionality reduction technique, Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The study utilizes a dataset sourced from Kaggle, comprising MRI images classified into four classes, with images captured from various anatomical planes. Initially, the SVM model alone attained an accuracy(acc_val) of 86.57% on unseen test data, establishing a baseline for performance. To enhance this, PCA was incorporated for dimensionality reduction, which improved the acc_val to 94.20%, demonstrating the effectiveness of reducing feature dimensionality in mitigating overfitting and enhancing model generalization. Further performance gains were realized by applying feature extraction techniques—HOG and LBP—in conjunction with SVM, resulting in an acc_val of 95.95%. The most substantial improvement was observed when combining SVM with both HOG, LBP, and PCA, achieving an impressive acc_val of 96.03%, along with an F1 score(F1_val) of 96.00%, precision(prec_val) of 96.02%, and recall(rec_val) of 96.03%. This approach will not only improves categorization performance but also improves efficacy of computation, making it a robust and effective method for multiclass brain tumor prediction.
Seaweed functional strategies, functional groups, and taxon dynamics through a 213-year historical series of Rio De Janeiro Bay
Authors: Machado João P. G. , Oliveira Vinícius P.
Published: October 2024

From Darwin’s visit to nowadays, we analyzed the changes in species- and genus-level richness and turnover, equity, diversity, composition, as well as functional group and functional strategy dynamics over a 213-year historical series of the seaweed assemblage from Rio de Janeiro Bay. We developed new analysis methods to serve as a protocol for worldwide functional and bioindicator assessment of seaweed assemblages. Over the two centuries of changes tracked, the integration of taxonomic, functional group, and functional strategy analyses unraveled a trajectory of seaweed assemblage restructuring under human disturbance. Our taxonomic analyses showed a high species and genus turnover and a decline in richness, with the local extinction of the Sargassum genus, responsible for warm temperate kelp forests in the Western Atlantic. Seaweed functional group data presented a trend of morphological simplification and miniaturization, with the decline of marine forest canopy and subcanopy-forming groups favoring filamentous and crustose algae dominance. Functional strategy data showed the historical decline of competitive structuring as an assemblage driver in favor of disturbance and stress-structuring, as highlighted by the competitive strategy decrease, coupled with stress-tolerant and ruderal strategies rise across metrics. These changes were successfully portrayed by the new ecological index we proposed, the C/SR index. It is the first quantitative index for seaweed assemblages, designed to be a trackable metric for conservation, monitoring, and restoration efforts.
Metabolite changes by combined treatment, ethyl formate and low temperature, in Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Lee Junbeom , Kim Hyun-Kyung , Jeon Jong-Chan , Seok Seung-Ju , Kim Gil-Hah , Koo Hyun-Na , Lee Dae-Weon
Published: October 2024

Although ethyl formate (EF) fumigant and low temperature applications are widely used for pest management, studies related to their mechanisms of action and subsequent metabolic changes in Drosophila suzukii models are still unclear. In this study, a comparative metabolome analysis was performed to investigate the major metabolites modified by EF and low temperature and how they are related to and affect insect physiology. Most of the identified metabolites function in metabolic pathways related to the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotides and cofactors. In addition, a combined treatment with EF and low temperature significantly altered the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and the levels of the purine and pyrimidine classes of metabolites. Interestingly, the levels of cytochrome P450 and glutathione metabolites involved in detoxification dramatically changed under stress conditions compared to those in the control group.
Astragaloside IV reduces mutant Ataxin-3 levels and supports mitochondrial function in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3
Authors: Lin Yongshiou , Cheng Wenling , Chang Juichih , Wu Yuling , Hsieh Mingli , Liu Chinsan
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the therapeutic effects of astragaloside IV (AST) on spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells expressing mutant ataxin-3 protein with 78 CAG repeats (MJD78) were employed as an in vitro model. Protein expression analysis demonstrated that AST treatment reduced mutant ataxin-3 protein expression and aggregation by enhancing the autophagic process in MJD78 cells. Elevated oxidative stress levels in MJD78 cells were significantly reduced following AST treatment, which also enhanced antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by flow cytometry and antioxidant enzyme activity assays. Furthermore, AST treatment ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in MJD78 cells, including improvements in mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration, and mitochondrial dynamics. In conclusion, AST administration increased antioxidant capacity, reduced both cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress, and improved mitochondrial quality control processes through fusion, fission, and autophagy. These mechanisms collectively reduced intracellular mutant ataxin-3 protein aggregation, thereby achieving therapeutic efficacy in the SCA3 model.
Correction: Tobramycin-mediated self-assembly of DNA nanostructures for targeted treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected lung inflammation
Authors: Xu Yuhang , Liu Qian , Wang Bin , Li Quan , Chen Yue , Yang Yao , Zhu Zhihao , Gong Daohui , Zhang Chuan , Wang Guansong , Qian Hang
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Tobramycin-mediated self-assembly of DNA nanostructures for targeted treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected lung inflammation’ by Yuhang Xu et al., Biomater. Sci., 2024, 12, 2331–2340, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3BM02121A.
GeSe/WSe2 mixed dimensional p–n junction photoelectric properties
Authors: Yan Bing , Zhang Guoxin , Shi Xuan , Zhao Hongquan
Published: October 2024

The innovative preparation of GeSe/WSe2 mixed-dimensional p–n heterojunctions broadens material combination possibilities in 2D/layered-heterojunction devices, providing parameters for device development.
Enhancing the performance of ionic conductivity for solid-state electrolytes: an effective strategy of injecting lithium ions within anionic metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Shi Lu , Wang Xin , Liu Zhiliang
Published: October 2024

An ionotropic MOF (Li+[Cu-BTC]) with lithium ions in the pores of the lattice was synthesized, which displays outstanding lithium ionic conducting properties over a wide temperature range.
Extended polyene formation by a cryptic iterative polyketide synthase from Rhodococcus
Authors: Prasongpholchai Panward , Tucker Sam , Burgess Charles , Jenkins Robert , Wilkening Ina , Corre Christophe , Song Lijiang , Tosin Manuela
Published: October 2024

Investigations of the workings of a newly identified iterative polyketide synthase from Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4 reveal its ability to synthesise extended polyenes.
EnT mediated alkoxy radical generation: the construction of 1,6-amino alcohols using bifunctional oxime esters
Authors: Sun Zetian , Du Xiaohua , Li Xiaoqing , Xu Xiangsheng
Published: October 2024

A photoinduced EnT-mediated generation of alkoxy radicals has been achieved with designed oxime ester reagents under metal-free conditions, providing a mild synthesis of 1,6-amino alcohols from alkenes.
A new salt-inclusion compound CsCl·(VOSe2O5)4 showing nearly isolated spin-1/2 chain structure with a typical square lattice
Authors: Xiang Wenya , Wang Guozhao , Zhao Zhiying , Cui Meiyan , He Zhangzhen
Published: October 2024

A new salt-compound CsCl·(VOSe2O5)4 features a spin-1/2 chain structure with a square lattice, showing paramagnetic behaviors.
Amplified circularly polarized luminescence of chiral lanthanide-based chains through helical assembly
Authors: Wang Xue-Ting , Lv Fang-Wen , Qin Hang , Dai Xin-Tong , Jin Shan , Zheng Xiu-Ying
Published: October 2024

Chiral luminescent lanthanide polymers R/S-Ln-phen (Ln = Eu/Tb) featuring helical structures display larger glum (4.0 × 10−3 for Eu, 1.2 × 10−3 for Tb) and higher Φlum (86.88% for Eu, 88.93% for Tb) values.
Unveiling the potential of aluminum-decorated 3D phosphorus graphdiyne as a catalyst for N2O reduction
Authors: Ahmed Shehzad , Khan Adnan Ali , Khan Danish , Ghani Awais , Ahmad Rashid , Xiaoqing Tian , Muhammad Imran
Published: October 2024

This study reveals the exceptional reactivity and efficiency of 3D-Al/PGDYN catalysts for the reduction of N2O and CO with minimal energy barriers.
Fe/Co/Ni modified Ti3C2Tx nanosheets accelerate alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Xia Yudong , Wu Shujun , Yan Yifan , Liu Lingyu , Cai Fanggong , Ni Yuxiang , Ou Kai , Wang Hongyan
Published: October 2024

The novel two-dimensional MXene material Ti3C2Tx boasts advantages such as large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and high stability, making it suitable for the field of electrocatalysis.
On the peculiar EPR spectra of P1 centers at high (12–20 T) magnetic fields
Authors: Nir-Arad Orit , Laster Eyal , Daksi Mais , Manukovsky Nurit , Kaminker Ilia
Published: October 2024

State mixing at a high magnetic field in the well-studied nitrogen substitutions in diamonds leads to unique electron spin spectral properties.
Experimental and simulation study of reverse micelles formed by aerosol-OT and water in non-polar solvents
Authors: Mat'usová Angie , Moody Georgina , Dowding Peter J. , Eastoe Julian , Camp Philip J.
Published: October 2024

Small-angle neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations are used to characterise aerosol-OT reverse micelles. Simulations capture spontaneous self-assembly, compare favourably with experiments, and give microscopic information.
Effects of oxidizer concentration and abrasive type on interfacial bonding and material removal in 4H-SiC polishing processes
Authors: Zhou Yuqi , Xu Kezhong , Gao Yuhan , Yu Ziniu , Zhu Fulong
Published: October 2024

Two different modes of material removal are defined based on the difference in the mode of atom removal, i.e., mechanical removal and removal associated with interfacial bonding.
Light-induced selectivity in an exemplary photodimerization reaction of varied azaanthracenes
Authors: Mames Adam , Gorski Aleksander , Jankowska Joanna , Ratajczyk Tomasz , Pietrzak Mariusz
Published: October 2024

When two photoactive compounds react with each other, the yield and selectivity of the reaction can be manipulated by an appropriate irradiation wavelength.
Multidimensionally ordered mesoporous intermetallics: Frontier nanoarchitectonics for advanced catalysis
Authors: Lv Hao , Liu Ben
Published: October 2024

This perspective summarizes recent progress in rational design and synthesis of multidimensionally ordered mesoporous intermetallics, and propose new frontier nanoarchitectonics for designing high-performance functional nanocatalysts.
Molecular copper complexes embedded within porous polymer macroligands for the heterogeneously catalyzed aerobic oxidative formation of N–N bonds
Authors: Beucher Rémi , Lacôte Emmanuel , Canivet Jérôme , Farrusseng David
Published: October 2024

Bipyridine-based porous polymers as macroligands for single-site molecular copper complexes efficiently catalyze the dehydrogenative N–N coupling of di-p-tolylamine into the corresponding hydrazine.
Binding interaction of cationic acridine dyes with glucose oxidase to enhance mediated bioelectrocatalysis
Authors: Jiao Zeting , Kuang Lichuan , Gong Jiajun , Shibata Aren , Sato Koji , Aoki Shiori , Wang Yue , Hasebe Yasushi
Published: October 2024

Cationic acridine dyes enhanced mediated bioelectrocatalysis of glucose oxidase, and their binding interactions were analyzed using fluorescence quenching and docking simulation.
Tetrazole-stabilized Ag nanoparticles incorporated into TiO2 nanotubes for oxygen electroreduction
Authors: Mal’tanova Anna , Bel’ko Nikita , Nichick Maria , Malakhovsky Pavel , Konakov Artem , Voitekhovich Sergei , Gaevskaya Tatiana , Baatar Battsengel , Samtsov Michael , Liu Shude , Poznyak Sergey
Published: October 2024

Ag NPs stabilized with 5-(2-mercaptoethyl)tetrazole were immobilized on titania nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction. The activity of the TiO2/Ag electrocatalysts correlates with the TiO2 doping level and concentration of Ag NPs.
Titania nanotubes modified with copper enhance osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells
Authors: Savargaonkar Aniruddha Vijay , Madruga Liszt Coutinho , Munshi Amit H. , Popat Ketul C.
Published: October 2024

In the present work, titania nanotubes are fabricated and modified with copper which led to enhanced osteogenic differentiation for adipose derived stem cells.
Application of magnetic deep eutectic solvents as an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of new 1,2,3-triazole-nicotinonitrile hybrids via a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation
Authors: Navazeni Monireh , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Torabi Morteza , Khazaei Ardeshir
Published: October 2024

Illustration of the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-nicotinonitrile derivatives.
Synthesis of MoS2/MoO3 nano-heterojunction towards enhanced photocatalytic activity under LED light irradiation via in situ oxidation sintering
Authors: Qiu Jianfeng , Liu Yanping , Cao Minxian , Xie Luqi , Liu Yongkun , Li Hongwen , Lu Junqiang , Liang Qifeng , Pan Jiaqi , Li Chaorong
Published: October 2024

The MoS2/MoO3 nano-heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized via the in situ oxidation sintering method.
Highly sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein using sandwich sensors
Authors: Xie Bing , Wang Huixing , Mochiwa Zaina Omary , Zhou Dingjie , Gao Li
Published: October 2024

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a crucial biomarker for detecting certain tumors across various demographics, including men, non-pregnant women, and children.
Sol–gel derived ceramic nanocomposite CNFs anchored with a nanostructured CeO2 modified graphite electrode for monitoring the interaction of a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor capmatinib with dsDNA
Authors: Alanazi Ahmed Z. , Alhazzani Khalid , El-Wekil Mohamed M. , Bellah H. Ali Al-Montaser , Darweesh Mahmoud , Ibrahim Hossieny
Published: October 2024

In the current study, the potential interaction mechanisms between capmatinib (CAP), a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and calf thymus double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) were evaluated.
Levoglucosenone as a starting material for cascade continuous-flow synthesis of (R)-γ-carboxy-γ-butyrolactone
Authors: Pacheco Caio M. , Lima Wesley , Lima Fernanda A. , Gomez Mauro R. B. P. , da Silva Isabela G. , Miranda Leandro S. M. , Esteves Pierre M. , Itabaiana Ivaldo , Wojcieszak Robert , Leão Raquel A. C. , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A.
Published: October 2024

The global imperative to shift towards renewable and sustainable resources has spurred significant interest in exploring and utilizing platform chemicals derived from renewable feedstocks.
Enhanced light-harvesting efficiency in Au metal–NiFe2O4 semiconductor hetero-nanostructures with implications for photoelectrochemical sensors towards the sensitive detection of paracetamol in human urine
Authors: Nguyen Tuan-Anh , Loan Ngo Thi , Pham Mai Thi Ngoc , Thang Pham Duc , Phan Vu Ngoc , Dinh Ngo Xuan , Van Manh Tien , Ong Van Hoang , Lam Vu Dinh , Le Anh-Tuan
Published: October 2024

An advanced plasmonic metal/low-bandgap semiconductor photoactive material for efficient photoelectrochemical detection of paracetamol in real samples.
The carbon–iodine bond cleavage and isomerization of iodoform visualized with femtosecond X-ray liquidography
Authors: Cha Yongjun , Ki Hosung , Im Donghwan , Lee Yunbeom , Lee Seonggon , Kim Jungmin , Lee Jae Hyuk , Kim Jeongho , Ihee Hyotcherl
Published: October 2024

The photolysis process of iodoform (CHI3), involving C–I bond cleavage, geminate recombination, and rotational dephasing, has been visualized using femtosecond X-ray liquidography.
Experimental and theoretical insights into the structural, magnetic, and low-temperature magnetocaloric properties of RE2CoTiO6 (RE = Gd, Dy, and Er) double perovskite oxides
Authors: Zhang Yikun , Xie Yang , Wei Jingjing , Hao Weixiang
Published: October 2024

The structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of RE2CoTiO6 oxides were determined experimentally and theoretically. Gd2CoTiO6 was found to be attractive for low-temperature magnetic cooling.
A survey on person and vehicle re‐identification
Authors: Wang Zhaofa , Wang Liyang , Shi Zhiping , Zhang Miaomiao , Geng Qichuan , Jiang Na
Published: October 2024

Person/vehicle re‐identification aims to use technologies such as cross‐camera retrieval to associate the same person (same vehicle) in the surveillance videos at different locations, different times, and images captured by different cameras so as to achieve cross‐surveillance image matching, person retrieval and trajectory tracking. It plays an extremely important role in the fields of intelligent security, criminal investigation etc. In recent years, the rapid development of deep learning technology has significantly propelled the advancement of re‐identification (Re‐ID) technology. An increasing number of technical methods have emerged, aiming to enhance Re‐ID performance. This paper summarises four popular research areas in the current field of re‐identification, focusing on the current research hotspots. These areas include the multi‐task learning domain, the generalisation learning domain, the cross‐modality domain, and the optimisation learning domain. Specifically, the paper analyses various challenges faced within these domains and elaborates on different deep learning frameworks and networks that address these challenges. A comparative analysis of re‐identification tasks from various classification perspectives is provided, introducing mainstream research directions and current achievements. Finally, insights into future development trends are presented.
Internal faults in stator winding of synchronous generator: Modelling, detecting and protecting
Authors: Rezaei Amir Hossein , Beikbabaei Milad , Abedini Moein , Davarpanah Mahdi
Published: October 2024

Protection of synchronous generators (SGs) against internal faults, such as stator earth fault (SEF) and turn‐to‐turn fault (TTF), is crucial for ensuring the stability and security of the power system. This paper presents a phase domain model for simulating SEF and TTF in SGs, requiring only nameplate data and avoiding the need for complex geometric data or lengthy simulations typical of FEM models. The stator winding is divided into three sections, allowing for the calculation of magnetic field distribution in both healthy and faulty conditions. The model is capable of simulating short‐circuit turns at various locations within the stator winding with high accuracy and speed. The dynamic response of the generator is also incorporated into the model. The model's accuracy is validated through comparison with results from multiphysics simulation software. Furthermore, this study addresses the limitations of conventional protection methods in detecting TTF and proposes a novel, simple, fast, and accurate protection logic that can be implemented in digital protection relays and is effective across a wide range of TTF scenarios.
A multi‐path residual network for image denoising based on edge prior information
Authors: Bai Xuefei , Wan Yongsong , Wang Weiming
Published: October 2024

Edge‐preserving denoising is important in image analysis. However, most existing methods suffer from smoothing and loss of high frequency detail at the edges. Aiming at this issue, a multi‐path residual network using edge prior information is proposed. Specifically, the edge is first recovered by a newly designed parallel edge extraction module. Then it is used as a priori to generate affine transform parameters to guide the weight distribution between noise and edge, so that the shallow feature extraction pays more attention to preserving edges. In the deep feature extraction stage, a multi‐scale attention unit is designed to provide the spatial neighbourhood information of the feature points to filter and activate the deep features, which further enhances the ability of the network to extract fine‐grained noisy features. Finally, by taking the difference between the noisy image and the noise feature obtained with residual learning, the denoised image is produced. Extensive experiments show that the PSNR is improved by 0.00–0.78 dB on grey image denoising and 0.00–2.69 dB on colour image denoising compared with others. The denoised image has a better ability to preserve image edges, high frequency details and visual perception.
Review of the application of drones for smart cities
Authors: Důbravová Hana , Bureš Vladimír , Velfl Lukáš
Published: October 2024

In an area of increasing digitalisation and rapid technological development, information management is becoming essential for the effective functioning of modern organisations and cities. One of the new trends is the gradual expansion and use of drones in parts of the smart cities concept. In security, drones are used to protect public order, monitor traffic in cities and municipalities, and control sub‐activities falling under the competence of police forces. In rescue work, drones allow us to efficiently and quickly manage accidental emergencies in hard‐to‐reach areas. At the same time, in the transport sector, drones have become an important component for the efficient delivery of parcels, reducing overall costs and time savings. This paper systematically overviews the importance of drones in various fields such as security, transportation, rescue operations or parcel delivery. Drones are becoming key elements for public order, crisis management and enhancing the quality of life of citizens in smart cities due to their capabilities of rapid response, monitoring hard‐to‐reach locations and autonomous data collection. Particular attention is then paid to comparing the use of drones in the Czech Republic and abroad and their benefits in the field of innovative technologies that help improve the safety and efficiency of urban services. The article also analyses the technical specifications of drones and their role in the public and private sectors, considering the legislative framework for their use. Overall, the article offers an overview of how drones contribute to integrating modern technologies into the daily functioning of smart cities and improving residents' quality of life.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Obstetricians with Personal Experience of Birth Trauma
Authors: Whelan Anna R. , Griffin Laurie B. , Russo Melissa L. , Ayala Nina K. , Miller Emily S. , Clark Melissa A.
Published: October 2024

Objective Psychological birth trauma (BT), defined as an event that occurs during labor and delivery involving actual or threatened harm or death to the pregnant person and/or their baby, has been reported in up to one-third of births. Obstetrician-Gynecologists (OBGYNs) who personally experience BT are at a unique risk of re-traumatization upon return to work. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of personal BT among obstetricians and their perceptions of how personal BT impacts their experience of caring for obstetric patients.

Study Design We performed a web-based survey of OBGYNs who had given birth. Participants were recruited from the “OMG (OBGYN Mom Group)” on Facebook. The questionnaire assessed individuals' personal experience of childbirth using items adapted from the “City Birth Trauma Scale” to assess posttraumatic symptoms related to their childbirth and patient interactions following the personal experience of BT. Responses were categorized by whether or not the participant considered one or more of their own births to be traumatic. Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) and symptoms of occupational re-traumatization were compared by reported BT. Bivariable analyses were used.

Results Of the 591 OBGYNs who completed the survey, 180 (30.5%) reported experiencing BT. Ninety-two percent of OBs cared for birthing patients after giving birth. There were no differences in demographic or clinical practice characteristics between those with and without BT. OBGYNs with BT experienced PTSSs including flashbacks (60.6% vs. 14.4%), amnesia (36.7% vs. 20.9%), and insomnia (24.4% vs. 1.2%) at higher rates than those without BT (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Almost one-third of OBGYNs in this sample reported personally experiencing BT, mirroring data from reported BT rates in the general population. Given that OBGYNs are at high risk for occupational re-traumatization, initiatives focused on improving support for birthing OBGYNs upon returning to work should be studied to assess the impact on emotional wellness among practicing OBGYNs.

Key Points
Clinical Findings in a Pati ent with Large B-Cell Lymphoma andNeuroniti s: A Case Study
Authors: Smith Kaylee J. , Angster Kristen , Arbogast Taylor , Cheema Atif
Published: October 2024

Abstract Background Given the multifaceted nature of the balance system, an interdisciplinary approach to patient care is imperative. For surgical patients with complex medical histories, comprehensive vestibular evaluations provide information on baseline vestibular
function and identify possible surgical risks and outcomes. This case study follows a patient diagnosed with probable right vestibular neuronitis immediately preceding surgical resection of a left brainstem lesion, later diagnosed as a B cell lymphoma (BCL) and provides details regarding pre-
and postsurgical outcomes. Purpose This case study expands on the importance of the inclusion of vestibular audiologists on the interdisciplinary team for related surgical procedures to provide insight into possible surgical risks and subsequent effects on patients' postsurgical
quality of life. Research Design Case report. Study Sample A 68-year-old female patient evaluated within the Henry Ford Health System for management of diffuse large BCL. Data Collection Standard neuro-otology, neuro-surgical, audiological, and
vestibular evaluations were conducted to evaluate the patient's complex symptomology. Results This case report outlines a patient hospitalized for a left brainstem mass, later diagnosed as an aggressive form of lymphoma, with a concurrent episode of vestibular neuronitis on
the contralesional side. Functional outcomes are discussed following surgical intervention to remove the mass. Postsurgical vestibular testing revealed a bilateral vestibular hypofunction. Conclusions Vestibular audiology plays an essential role in the multidisciplinary team
for complex dizzy patients with related surgical procedures, as this subset of the field can offer critical insight into postsurgical recommendations and patient expectations.
Laboratory Testing for ADAMTS13 for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura and Beyond
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Pasalic Leonardo , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), also called von Willebrand factor (VWF) cleaving protease, acts as a moderator of VWF activity. ADAMTS13 cleaves VWF multimers, thereby reducing VWF activity in blood. When ADAMTS13 is absent (e.g., in patients with TTP [thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura]), accumulation of VWF in plasma can occur, particularly as “ultra-large” VWF multimers, with this leading to adverse outcomes such as thrombosis. Relative ADAMTS13 deficiencies also occur in several other conditions, including secondary thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA), cancer, and with severe infections such as in COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). These situations might therefore be accompanied with relative loss of ADAMTS13, thereby potentially also leading to pathological VWF accumulation, with this then generating a prothrombotic milieu, thus contributing to enhance the risk of thrombosis. Laboratory testing for ADAMTS13 can aid in the diagnosis of such disorders (i.e., TTP, TMA), and help guide their management, with testing now accomplished using various assays. As most presentations of TTP reflect an acquired condition due to anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies, there may also be a need to test for these, as this will also influence clinical management. We herein provide an overview of TTP, note other conditions in which low levels of ADAMTS13 may be present, and then detail laboratory testing for both ADAMTS13 and associated inhibitors.
Distribution in the geometrically growing system and its evolution
Authors: Chol-jun Kim
Published: October 2024

Recently, we developed a theory of a geometrically growing system. Here, we show that the theory can explain some phenomena of power-law distribution, including classical demographic and economic and novel instances of the COVID-19 pandemic, without introduction of delicate economic or pandemic propagation models but only on a statistical way. A convexity in the low-size part of the distribution diagram is one peculiarity of the theory, which is absent in the power-law distribution. We found that the distribution of the geometrically growing system in the diagram could have a trend to flatten in the evolution of the system so that the relative ratio between the biggest and smallest sizes within the system increases. The system can act as a reverse machine to convert the diffusion in parametric space to a concentration in size.