bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ler o mundo, escrever um poema, fazer um desenho: concepções do universo concentracionário no poema “The Little Mouse” e nos desenhos de Terezín
Authors: Fernandes Luciane Bonace Lopes
Published: June 2018

Este artigo apresenta a análise do poema “The Little Mouse” e de 4 desenhos, realizados por 6 crianças, com idades entre 7 e 13 anos, que estiveram confinadas no campo de concentração nazista de Terezín, na República Tcheca, entre 1941 e 1945, buscando encontrar elementos que ampliem nossa compreensão sobre a perspectiva da criança em relação ao universo concentracionário. Partimos da hipótese de que tanto os desenhos quanto os poemas produzidos pelas crianças em Terezín possuem teor e valor testemunhal, sendo outro testemunho do Holocausto, um registro poético pautado na percepção da criança sobre os eventos e em sua forma muito particular de expressá-los. A análise indicou que os sujeitos da experiência foram capazes de atribuir poeticamente sentido a diferentes aspectos do contexto, de formas muito particulares e pessoais, demonstrando grande sensibilidade e consciência do meio bastante desenvolvida, o que contribuiu para a construção de outras narrativas sobre o universo concentracionário.
A travessia de Moisés I
Authors: Rosenbaum Paulo
Published: June 2018

A travessia de Moisés I
As cores das escrituras hebraicas na literatura rabínica
Authors: Guertzenstein Daniela Susana Segre
Published: June 2018

O judaísmo rabínico se desenvolve entre letras e textos que transcendem as figuras impressas. As cores das escrituras hebraicas do judaísmo refletem conceitos além da imaginação. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas passagens sobre a composição das palavras hebraicas e explicações sobre as cores, seus sentidos e significados nos textos bíblicos hebraicos no contexto da literatura judaica rabínica. A abordagem utilizada auxilia a memorização do vocabulário hebraico por intermédio da associação entre as raízes simbólicas e literárias das unidades linguísticas hebraicas.
Second-generation Insulin Analogues – a Review of Recent Real-world Data and Forthcoming Head-to-head Comparisons
Authors: Mauricio Didac , Hramiak Irene
Published: June 2018

Insulin analogues play a key role in the effective management of type 2 diabetes. However, there are several behavioural barriers to appropriate early initiation of insulin therapy, despite compelling evidence supporting the benefits of this strategy in those patients for whom oral anti-diabetes agents provide insufficient control. The development of second-generation insulin analogues (insulin glargine 300 U/mL and insulin degludec) has provided physicians with agents that can provide comparable glycaemic control to first-generation insulin, but with a reduced risk of hypoglycaemia and modes of action suited to once-daily regimens. These characteristics may help overcome patient and physician concerns about early insulin use in disease management. To date, there have been no head-to-head comparisons of second-generation insulins: here we consider recent real-world evidence and the forthcoming direct comparison in the BRIGHT randomised controlled study, as presented at the recent 11th International Conference on Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD) 2018.
Mindfulness Meditation in Diabetes
Authors: Kalra Sanjay
Published: June 2018

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide, and the cost of managing this global epidemic is considerable, particularly in developing countries with poorer health care systems.1 There is, therefore, a need for a more holistic approach to diabetes management, which focuses on all aspects of diabetes, from managing blood glucose to addressing the emotional and social aspects of living with diabetes. In an expert interview, Sanjay Kalra of the Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India, discusses the role of mindfulness meditation (MM), which is the practice of working with concentrated awareness to live each moment fully, in the management of diabetes.
Quality of life of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Dey Prabha
Published: June 2018

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also known as hyper androgenic anovolation (HA or Stein-Leventhal syndrome) is a well-recognised and common condition that causes considerable morbidity. The objective of the present study was to find out the quality of life of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.Methods: Patients with PCOD diagnosed clinically at out patients department were selected for the study. SF 36 was applied to find out the Quality of life of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.Results: A total of 84 patients were participated and 75% of the sample were student, 56.7% were graduate and 86.7% were non-vegetarian. The mean height of the sample was 155±4.81 centimeters. The mean weight of sample was 59.35±6.63 kgs and BMI mean was 24.70±3.47. Among 35% the duration of diagnosis was less than one year and for 65% it was more than one year. Means of the all sub set scores, across shorter and longer duration of being diagnosed as PCOD were significantly same on t test.Conclusions: Measured by SF 36, women with poly cystic ovarian disease/symptoms are suffering from significantly lowered quality of life, but independent of their duration of illness.
A study of feto-maternal outcome of jaundice in pregnancy
Authors: G. S. Jyothi , Chakraborty Anannya , Swarup Asha
Published: June 2018

Background: Jaundice in pregnancy complicates 3-5% of cases and carries a grave prognosis. The purpose of the study was to assess the epidemiology, magnitude, causes and the maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancies complicated by jaundice.Methods: The maternal and fetal outcomes of 101 cases of jaundice in pregnancy were reviewed retrospectively from July 2013-June 2016.Results: The incidence of jaundice in pregnancy was 2.32%. Primigravidas constituted 46.53%. Women aged 20-30 years constituted 86.13%. Unbooked cases included 60.39%. Serum bilirubin was >10 mg/dl at admission in 1.98%. Out of the 101 women, 4 remained undelivered. Labor was spontaneous in 53.52%, vaginal delivery in 55.67%. However, 38.63% newborns required NICU care.  Perinatal mortality was 8.91% (3.96% stillbirths and 4.95% early neonatal deaths. The causes for jaundice were viral hepatitis (30.69%), HELLP syndrome (30.69%), intrahepatic cholestasis (15.84%), acute fatty liver of pregnancy (13.86%) and the rest in combination constituted 8.91%. Maternal mortality was 3 in 101. The various maternal complications were DIC (44.55%), septicemia (10.89%), ARDS (7.92%), acute renal failure (8.91%) and MODS (3.96%). ICU was needed in 14.85% of mothers and blood component therapy in 70.29% cases. All deaths were within 3 weeks of admission.Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for essential antenatal care at domiciliary and peripheral levels. Early detection and treatment can prevent most of the complications.
ACTUALIZED HISTORY IN THE WORK OF B.K. ZAYTSEV «Venerable SERGIUS of RADONEZH»
Authors: Bayana Hatice
Published: June 2018

In the article the religious prose of Boris Konstantinovich Zaytsev is analyzed. It is considered in the context of Russian medieval religiouse literature that was deeply rethinked by Russian emigrant authors. The themes of Ortodox culture and spirituality were very important for them because they believed that their mission was to preserve the pre-revolutionary Russian culture. The story «Venerable Sergius of Radonezh» which is written by B.K. Zaytsev is included in the well-known trilogy of the author about the life of the saints. So we can compare St. Sergius with others. The image of the Trinity-Saint Sergius Lavra is presented as a sacred center of Russian Orthodox culture and statehood. Following the words of Epiphanius the Wise and preserving the emotional evenness, Zaytsev lends his interpretation to the key episodes from the life of Sergius and Lavra. Saint Sergius is just an example, favorite by the people themselves – clarity, light transparent and equal. St. Sergius left, in his influence on the world, from the historical framework. Having done his job in life, he remained a figure. We saw Sergius as a thoughtful boy, quietly obedient; a young hermit, and hegumen, and the elder famous Sergius. He is a delicate, modest and selfless man at the same time he is a spiritual leader and a significant public person. The description of the high mission of Sergius is combined with the history of the monastic community of the Trinity-Saint Sergius Lavra. Zaytsev demonstrates that the monastery had a significant influence on the Russian medieval society and played an important role in revival of Russian medieval state. The article focuses on the antithesis as one of the compositional techniques of narration. The asceticism of Sergius is shown in the context of the famous ascetics of both Orthodox and Catholic churches.
KEY CHARACTER IMAGE INTRODUCTION MEANS IN R. DAHL’S CHILDREN’S LITERARY TALE «MATILDA»
Authors: Borisova E. B. , Kobzeva E. V.
Published: June 2018

The paper deals with the concept of «artistic image» and the means employed by Roald Dahl to introduce key characters’ image in the children’s literary tale «Matilda».As the research shows, R. Dahl succeeds in giving a detailed portrait of the protagonist in the introductory passages of the tale, which is realized through the main aspects of the character portrayal. Thus, the reader is given information on Mathilda’s appearance, her age, but above these he learns about her intellectual abilities of high order as well as her passion for reading books. The writer depicts a true-to-life image of a lonely girl totally neglected by her parents. However in spite of the misunderstanding between Mathilda and the-grown-ups she turned out to be a unique and smart personality who does her best to realize her ambitions. Besides the above Roald Dahl creates the image of Mathilda as a well-bred, independent girl capable of expressing her own point of view which is revealed through her unwillingness to follow the imposed stereotypes of behavior. The writer skillfully employs the figure of antithesis as a key means of revealing his attitude towards the character. Alongside the above stylistic figure in depicting the most characteristic features of the girl Roald Dahl resorts to variegated epithets which add emotional colouring and vividness to the character portrayal. The research shows that all the mentioned traits of Mathilda’s individual, personality presented by the author in the first chapter are exposed further within the plot developing. The authors of the present article come to the conclusion that the means of character introduction are the essential part of the overall character image portrayal as they give the reader a good chance to make out what kind of personality the depicted character is and to disclose the author’s individual attitude towards the character.
WAYS OF OVERCOMING NATIONAL CRISIS OF 1917 IN THE VOLGA REGION
Authors: Kabytova N. N.
Published: June 2018

In the article ways of overcoming national crisis of 1917 are considered, ways of relationship between the power and society in the Russian province are shown. Public political associations during the Great Russian revolution fought for the power mainly in the bepartiyny country. In this regard the mechanism of impact of political forces on «revolutionary streams» is considered. Methods of establishment of Soviet local authorities which were used by Bolsheviks are at the same time reconsidered. In this regard become clear the confrontation reason, and then and crisis in the democratic camp on the eve of October, 1917, questions of tactics in race for power of various political parties and associations are considered. Revolutionary explosion is followed by localization of organizational actions in the general direction of the movement. In this regard, it is expedient to consider him by the comparative and comparative analysis between the center and the province on the one hand, and with another – between certain provinces in a certain region. The Volga region was a peculiar example of Russian provincial mentality where all collisions between the people and the power have found the expression. Peculiar features of manifestation of system crisis caused by attempts of modernization of Russia on the western sample are shown in the article and predefiniteness of the Soviet choice is proved. For the characteristic of institutional collisions functional and structural analysis is used. At the same time the motivation of actions of compact social groups, political parties, public organizations comes to light. The comparative and comparative method allows to reveal the general and special in the development of revolution. The case of historical sources is presented by documents of funds of provincial commissioners of Provisional government, city structures of public management and some materials of periodicals. In the article scientific and significant tasks in which ways and methods of influence of social and political forces on forms of state construction in the conditions of revolution are considered are set and solved.
JOB ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF SPECIALISTS OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ON RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Authors: Belov D. O.
Published: June 2018

The success of the evolution of a specialist in a rapidly changing professional world depends on the level of integration of the content and structure of vocational education with the prospects for the development of industry.The article presents the results of a pilot study of the professional profile of specialists in the field of power supply of railways; shows the importance of social and personal qualities for a professional activity (sensory-perceptual, psychomotor, mental); specifies the factors that affect the professional health of a specialist and the dynamics of his work capacity; the problem of formation of psychophysical reliability of specialists in the electric power supply industry on the railway transport is caused by the high level of industrial traumatism and violations of the production technology in transport, the sharp increase in professionally conditioned diseases among transport workers due to the complex impact of unfavorable factors of the production environment and the labor process. With the help of expert assessments are ranked by the level of importance of professionally important quality in three groups: senior executives; middle managers; technical workers. The necessity of general, static, strength endurance of the basic muscle groups, dexterity (coordination abilities), good sensorimotor reaction, high level of functional resistance of the organism to negative influences of the production environment is proved.
TANK CONSTRUCTION AND «SABOTEURS»: ATTEMPTS TO CREATE IN THE USSR SOVIET TANK PRODUCTION IN THE LATE 1920-IES
Authors: Kondrashin V. V. , Kornilov G. E. , Melnikov N. N. , Mozokhin O. B.
Published: June 2018

In the article the analysis of the process of formation of a domestic tank industry and the fight against «sabotage» in the late 1920s-ies is carried out. Soviet industry was trying to establish the production of tanks in military factories in Leningrad, Stalingrad, Motovilikha and Kharkov. But all attempts to establish their own tank production were not wealthy. It forced to buy foreign equipment. In late 1929, the USSR began to buy foreign tanks to create its own serial production. The government was looking for reasons for the failure of the Red Army rearmament program. There is a criminal case where the main defendants were «a group of former generals and colonels of the tsarist army» headed by assistant chief of the main military-industrial management USSR Mikhailov. In total, the case was more than 90 people, most of them were engineers. In 1929, Mikhailov and four people were sentenced to death, the rest received a prison sentence. The article shows that the development of criminal case and subsequent events changed the career of two leaders of the military industry of the Secular Union. Tolokontsev headed the military-industrial management until the completion of the investigation. Then he lost his job, but he wasn’t convicted. Pavlovski was a representative of the worker-peasant inspection, and an active participant in the criminal trial of engineers from the investigation. He subsequently took over the leadership of the entire Soviet military industry.
MODEL OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEM OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING FОR AGRO-ENGINEERS
Authors: Berishvili O. N.
Published: June 2018

The article presents conceptual and theoretical approaches to designing an adaptive system of vocational training for agro-engineers - a variety of pedagogical systems, the source of which is due to the contradiction between the required and current agro-engineering vocational training. Thus, under modern conditions, the agro-engineer becomes the subject who resolves complex processes of agricultural modernization during adaptation to the environment and adapts himself to the operating conditions.The content and means of vocational training should allow the achievement of a complex of competencies, the ability to form emotionally significant relationships and adaptive functioning, which determines the target aspect of the projected adaptive system.The information and technological aspect, conditioned by the informatization of modern society, reflects the adaptive mechanisms of the agro-engineer to the information and technical environment of future professional activity.In a situation of rapid changes, the main new formation of an adapted person is the ability to self-change, the development of which is supported by a knowledge system that based on an integrative approach to its construction.Within the framework of the adaptive system of vocational training, the content aspect includes the selection of training material aimed on the formation of specialist’s competence through the integration and interdisciplinary synthesis. The axiological aspect associated with the compliance of objective and subjective value systems of an agro-engineer ensures the successful implementation of professional activity in accordance with its specifics. The study showed that the implementation of targeted, content, information and technological, axiological aspects of adaptive vocational training system contributes to the achievement of the cumulative effect in the form of adaptive potential necessary for the integration of students into professional activity.
«AUTOPOIESIS» AND COGNITION: ON THE PROBLEM OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE «NEW INTEGRITY»
Authors: Nechaeva E. A.
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the  problem of poiesis in the art of the second half of the XX century, as well as the problem of finding means for conceptualization and describing «a new integrity» the construction of which is conceived by Moscow conceptualists as a function through art. It is not about re-creation «(mimesis), but about» creating «a new (poiesis)» structure of the experience of the subject of aesthetic activity. It is this feature of the vision of the aesthetic act, consistently formalized since the beginning of the twentieth Century, is reflected in The works of D. Prigov. The concept of autopoiesis — given the lack of scientific instrumentation for such type of creativity — can help this is a new vision to conceptualize and describe. Two paradigms of constructing an art works are compared in the aspect of the type of its subject: «classical» (traditional) and post-nonclassical;   the «traditional artist» who prefer  «confessional» forms and discursive models, aims to «authenticity», to the expression of his own a priori unique experience of the  unique personality. The artist  who  works in a  post-nonclassical type of aesthetics, on the contrary, aims to work with a self-destructive personality. The stage in this process is the «artist-character», considered as a simulation of the author’s personality, which makes it possible to present in the works  the  integrative, integral  identity, which is the opposite of  the  author’s personality. The experience that is explicated in the  particular work  is considered within   post-non-classical aesthetics not as a direct experience of the «I» (mimesis), but as a result of analyzing the structure of experience and, as a consequence, creating a new («poiesis») structure of experience. An artistic work in this cast is the act of  an identification  of the discursive mechanism or the   mechanism of transgression, which is more important,  and the explication of this mechanism in the  text as a result of this work. The impossibility of finding «identitas» is compensated by the permissibility of its construction as the «Me as the Significant  Other». it is the poetics of the game in the area  between the «Me» and the «not-Me».
Coincidence Theorems in New Generalized Metric Spaces Under Locally g-transitive Binary Relation
Authors: Prasad Gopi , Dimri Ramesh Chandra
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we establish coincidence point theorems for contractive mappings, using locally g-transitivity of binary relation in new generalized metric spaces. In the present results, we use some relation theoretic analogues of standard metric notions such as continuity, completeness and regularity. In this way our results extend, modify and generalize some recent fixed point theorems, for instance, Karapinar et al [J. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 18(2016) 645-671], Alam and Imdad [Fixed Point Theory, in press].
On Selectively Star-Lindelof Properties
Authors: Bal Prasenjit , Bhowmik Subrata , Gauld David
Published: June 2018

In this paper a new covering notion, called M-star-Lindelof, is introduced and studied. This notion of covering arises from the selection hypothesis SS*D,fin(D, D). The stronger form SS*D,1(D, D) of the selection hypothesis SS*D,fin(D, D) will also be discussed. We then consider weaker versions of these properties involving iterations of the star operator.
Jordan Regular Generators of General Linear Groups
Authors: Sahai Meena , Sharma R. K. , Kumari Parvesh
Published: June 2018

In this article Jordan regular units have been introduced. In particular, it is proved that for n ≥ 2, the general linear group GL(2; F2n) can be generated by Jordan regular units. Further, presentations of GL(2, F4); GL(2, F8); GL(2, F16) and GL(2, F32) have been obtained having Jordan regular units as generators.
Some Properties of Extended Hypergeometric Function and Its Transformations
Authors: Chaturvedi Aparna , Rai Prakriti
Published: June 2018

There emerges different extended versions of Beta function and hypergeometric functions containing extra parameters. We obtain some properties of certain functions like extended Generalized Gauss hypergeometric functions, extended Confluent hypergeometric functions including transformation formulas, Mellin transformation for the generalized extended Gauss hypergeometric function in one, two and more variables.
A Simple Generalization of Euler Numbers and Polynomials
Authors: Hassen Abdul , Ernst Christopher R.
Published: June 2018

In this article, we shall consider a generalization of Euler's numbers and polynomials based on modifying the corresponding generating function. We shall prove some recurrence relations, an explicit formula, and multiplicative properties of the generalized numbers.
Una contrucción alternativa de la curva de Sierpinski
Authors: Román Tizapa Yair , Mendieta Javier G. , Cantor Jimón Isaí
Published: June 2018

Waclaw Franciszek Sierpinski, autor de más de 724 trabajos y 50 libros, introdujo en 1915 una curva continua que, como la de Koch, tiene longitud infinita y no tiene tangente en cualquiera de sus puntos, [2]; fue construida con la finalidad de dar un contraejemplo en la formalización del Cálculo [8]; tal curva se conoce, en la literatura matemática, por Curva de Sierpinski. En este trabajo daremos una definición alternativa de la Curva de Sierpinski construida también mediante poligonales, determinaremos el área asociada a su interior en cada una de sus etapas y en la situación límite, y haremos ver que la curva y el triángulo de Sierpinski determinan el mismo objeto geométrico.
Visualización Interactiva. Vectores, rectas y planos.
Authors: Mora Flores Walter , Gutiérrez Montenegro Marco
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de este libro es la visualización interactiva en 2D y 3D. La mayoría de las figuras vienen con una liga a una aplicación, llamada usualmente "demostración" (aplicación interactiva), que corre con Wolfram CDFPlayer. Esta aplicación es gratuita y se puede descargar en https://www.wolfram.com/cdf-player/. Las "aplicaciones interactivas" son un archivo .cdf que se ejecuta con WOLFRAM CDFPLAYER en una ventana emergente. El libro es un pdf con ligas a Internet (la liga descarga la aplicación interactiva desde Internet, y el CDFPlayer la ejecuta).El lector puede visualizar la teoría y muchos de los ejemplos, e interactuar con las figuras en la aplicación interactiva, usando el ratón. Varias aplicaciones interactivas se usan para visualizar la dinámica de una definición o un teorema y su alcance y significado. Como es conocido, la visualización interactiva funciona bien como complemento y requiere "narrativa" por parte del profesor, para obtener buenos resultados en la enseñanza. También es deseable ejercicios de verbalización, en algunas actividades, por parte del estudiante. El libro viene con una gran cantidad de ejercicios y ejemplos, recogidos tras varios semestres de impartir el curso de Álgebra Lineal. La plantilla Látex de este libro se puede solicitar a los autores.
Utilization of cinnamon Cinnamomum burmannii leaves and shrimp head in the feed on growth performance of catfish Pangasianodon hypopthalmus
Authors: Dairun Suclyadi , Setiawati Mia , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Utomo Nur Bambang Priyo
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTCatfish farming has confronted with the problem of slow growth to reach the fillet size and less tender of fish fillets. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cinnamon leaf flour and shrimp head flour in formulated diets on growth of catfish Pangasianodon hypopthalamus. Catfish with an initial weight of 207.04 ± 2.70 g/fish reared in 12 cages with a dimension of  2×1×1.5 m3 (L×W×H)  and its fish density was 15 fishes for 60 days. Fish were fed with following experimental diets: (1) Control; (2) cinnamon leaf (1%) (CL); (3) 45% of protein source from shrimp head (SH); (4) CL+SH mix.  The fishes fed twice a day with feeding rate 3.5% of fish biomass. The study found that the use of cinnamon leaf and shrimp head increased the specific growth rate 1.67-1.70%, the feed efficiency 57.55-57.67%, and protein retention 55.61% compared to its control (P<0.05). Triglyceride level, cholesterol, and blood HDL were 416.00-524.05 mg/dL, 139.65-156.68 mg/dL, 73.18-103.70 mg/dL (P>0.05), respectively. HSI value ranged between 0.3-1.9% compared to its control (P<0.05).Keywords: Cinnamomum burmannii, feed, growth, Pangasianodon hypopthalmus, shrimp head.  ABSTRAKBudidaya ikan patin dihadapkan pada permasalahan pertumbuhan dan kualitas daging yaitu pertumbuhan yang lambat untuk mencapai ukuran fillet serta tekstur daging kurang kompak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan tepung daun kayu manis dan tepung kepala udang dalam pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan patin Pangasianodon hypopthalmus. Ikan patin dengan bobot 207,04 ± 2,70 g/ekordipelihara selama 60 hari di hapa sebanyak 12 buah (berukuran 2×1×1,5 m3)dengan padat tebar 15 ekor/jaring. Ikan diberi pakan perlakuan yang terdiri dari: (1) Kontrol; (2) daun kayu manis 1% (DKM); (3) 45% sumber protein dari kepala udang (TKU); dan (4) campuran DKM+TKU. Pemberian pakan sebanyak 2 kali sehari dengan feeding rate 3,5% dari biomassa ikan. Hasil dari penelitian penggunaan daun kayu manis dan kepala udang meningkatkan nilai laju pertumbuhan harian 1,67-1,70%, efisiensi pakan 57,55-57,67% dan retensi protein 55,61% dibanding kontrol (P<0,05). Kadar trigliserida, kolesterol, dan HDL darah berturut-turut adalah 416,00-524,05 mg/dL, 139,65-156,68 mg/dL, 73,18-103,70 mg/dL (P>0,05). Nilai HSI ikan patin berkisar antara 0,3-1,9% dibanding kontrol (P<0,05).Kata kunci: Cinnamomum burmannii, kepala udang, pakan, Pangasianodon hypopthalmus, pertumbuhan.
Reyes y universidades en la Península Ibérica (siglo XIII) = Kings and Universities in the Iberian Peninsula (13th century)
Authors: Rucquoi Adeline
Published: June 2018

Resumen: La creación de un studium generale en Palencia hacia 1180 por el rey Alfonso VIII de Castilla se enmarca en el gran movimiento de protección del saber, de los maestros y estudiantes que caracteriza el Occidente de la segunda mitad del siglo XII. En España, los reyes son los “defensores” de la fe y deben, por lo tanto, combatir los errores y promover el conocimiento. Crearon así en el reino de Castilla, después del estudio general de Palencia, los de Salamanca (1254) y de Valladolid (vers 1260), así como estudios en Sevilla y Murcia. Los reyes de Aragón, que podían contar con las escuelas de Montpellier, fundaron un estudio general en Lérida en 1300. Poco antes, los reyes de Portugal habían hecho lo mismo en Lisboa. En el siglo XIII, tan sólo las escuelas de Salamanca y la de Montpellier gozaron del título de “universidad de maestros y estudiantes” y de la licencia ubique docendi concedida por los papas.Palabras clave: Universidades, studium, Península Ibérica; Reyes, Salamanca.Abstract: The creation of a studium generale in Palencia around 1180 by King Alfonso VIII of Castile is part of the great movement to protect knowledge, teachers and students that characterizes the West in the second half of the twelfth century. In Spain, kings are the “defenders of faith” and must therefore fight against errors and promote knowledge. In the kingdom of Castile, after Palencia’s schools –studium generale–, they created those of Salamanca (1254) and Valladolid (c. 1260), as well as studia in Seville and Murcia. The kings of Aragon, who could count on the schools of Montpellier, founded a general studium in Lérida in 1300. Shortly before, the kings of Portugal had done the same in Lisbon. In the 13th century, only the schools of Salamanca enjoyed the title of “university of teachers and students” and, with Montpellier, the ubique docendi license granted by the popes.Keywords: Universities, studium, Iberian Peninsula, Kings, Salamanca.
How is a University born? Montpellier before Montpellier = Cómo nace una universidad? Montpellier antes de Montpellier
Authors: Touati François-Olivier
Published: June 2018

Abstract: In 1220, the first statutes referring to the “University of Physicians of Montpellier” indicate that a collective organization already existed there. These statutes followed on at least a century of medical teaching and practice. We study the origins of this “birth” in conjunction with an analysis of the physicians’ backgrounds, an identification of their knowledge, the development of their reputation and the changes in their cultural, economic, social and political surroundings – all in the very unique circumstances making Montpellier a pioneering institution.Keywords: University of Montpellier, medicine, medical professions, heresy, Arabic translations, Middle Ages.Resumen: en 1220, los primeros estatutos referidos a la “Universidad de Médicos de Montpellier” indican que ya existía allí una organización colectiva. Estos estatutos siguieron al menos un siglo de enseñanza y práctica médica. En el presente texto estudiamos los orígenes de este “nacimiento” junto con un análisis de los antecedentes de los médicos, la identificación de sus conocimientos, el desarrollo de su reputación y los cambios en su entorno cultural, económico, social y político. Todo bajo circunstancias únicas que hacen de Montpellier una institución pionera.Palabras clave: Universidad de Montpellier, medicina, profesiones médicas, herejía, traducciones árabes, Edad Media.
Especificação da vida útil dos sistemas construtivos a partir da NBR 15575, segundo a abordagem de projetos
Authors: Pagliari Claudivana Sistherenn , Costella Marcelo Fabiano , Pilz Silvio Edmundo
Published: June 2018

Tendo em vista a necessidade dos projetistas em realizar especificações da vida útil dos sistemas construtivos que compõe uma edificação habitacional, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as especificações que estão sendo elaboradas por projetistas. O método de pesquisa consistiu em uma pesquisa de campo, primeiramente foi realizado um levantamento com profissionais da área de projeto por meio de questionário online dividido em questões diretas e indiretas. Posteriormente, avaliaram-se projetos e memoriais para verificar o nível de especificação atual. Por fim, realizou-se a investigação das especificações dos materiais por parte de seus fabricantes por meio de buscas em páginas da internet de fabricantes e contatos via e-mail dos subsistemas: pisos, revestimentos internos e externos e impermeabilização. Os subsistemas selecionados são considerados básicos e de grande influência visual em uma edificação, tendo como base o Anexo C da NBR 15575-1. Dentre os resultados obtidos, foi possível constatar a falta de informações disponibilizadas pelos fabricantes dos materiais a serem especificados nos projetos, sendo que a maioria dos fabricantes dos materiais selecionados nessa pesquisa não informam dados de durabilidade e vida útil, o que impossibilita os projetistas de cumprirem suas premissas perante a norma de desempenho.
Alberto Hurtado y su interés en lo poblacional (1901- 2001)
Authors: Donayre Valle José
Published: June 2018

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EDITORIAL
Authors: Vargas Pacheco Enrique
Published: June 2018

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Resúmenes del 55 al 72 de Temas Libres (Varios autores)
Authors: Editorial Comite
Published: June 2018

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Desnutrición y Salud Pública
Authors: Naranjo P
Published: June 2018

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Resúmenes del 73 al 74 de Temas Libres (Varios autores)
Authors: Editorial Comite
Published: June 2018

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The increase of VEGF expressions and new blood vessels formation in Wistar rats induced with post-tooth extraction sponge amnion
Authors: Rizal Moh. Basroni , Munadziroh Elly , Kriswandini Indah Listiana
Published: June 2018

Background: Tooth extraction is the process of removing a tooth from the oral cavity potentially triggering a wound healing response in the body. As a result, many methods have been applied to improve the wound healing process, especially in wounds resulting in complications. One such method involves the application of amniotic membrane which has anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fibrosis, anti-scarring properties with low immunogenicity, epithelialization effects, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). It also contains collagen, various growth factors, transferrin, fibronectin, nidogen, proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and laminin. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of sponge amnion on the number of VEGF expressions and new blood vessels in post-tooth extraction wounds of Wistar rats. Methods: Sponge amnion was produced by mixing freeze-dried amnion membrane from the Tissue Bank at RSUD Dr. Soetomo with 1% gelatin before freeze drying the mixture. Wistar rats were then divided into two groups. In Group 1, referred to as the control group, the post-extraction wounds of the rats received no treatment. Meanwhile, in Group 2, the treatment group, the subjects’ post-extraction wounds were treated with sponge amnion. The rats of both groups were sacrificed on day 3 to allow observation of the number of VEGF expressions and new blood vessels. A statistical analysis test, a t-test, was subsequently conducted. Results: There was a significant difference in the number of new blood vessels in the control group and that of the treatment group with a p value of 0.018 (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference in VEGF expression between the two groups with a p value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Sponge amnion can generate a number of VEGF expressions and new blood vessels in the post-extraction wounds of Wistar rats.
Angular cheilitis and oral pigmentation as early detection of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Authors: Apriasari Maharani Laillyza , Carabelly Amy Nindia
Published: June 2018

Background: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an inherited autosomal dominant disease determined by a mutation localized at 19p13.3 characterized by the occurrence of gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps in association with mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation. The manifestation of PJS may first be encountered by a dentist during routine examination due to the presence of pigmented spots in the oral cavity. Purpose: To prevent a high risk of PJS, the dentist must establish its oral manifestation through early detection. Case: A 14-year-old male patient attended complaining of a week-long pain at the corners of the lips. An extra-oral exam revealed fissure lesions, redness, white crust and pain. The patient had experienced bleeding in his bowel movements, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting since childhood. A number of black, painless, macular lesions, some 1-3 mm in diameter, were present on the upper lips, lower lips, fingers and palms. Case management: The patient was referred for a complete blood count check. The results obtained confirmed him to be suffering from severe anemia and he was, therefore, referred to an internist for treatment for PJS. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the early detection of PJS is crucial in order that the patient receives prompt treatment.
Surface roughness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins exposed to kretek cigarette smoke
Authors: Setyowati Laksmiari , Setyabudi S. , Chandra Johanna
Published: June 2018

Background: Cigarette smoking is a public health issue that may influence the physical properties of dental composites. Surface roughness is one of the physical properties of restorative materials potentially influencing their success. The use of nanofilled and nanohybrid composites in dentistry has increased substantially over the past few years. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins exposed to kretek cigarette smoke. Methods: Twelve cylindrical specimens of each material were prepared and divided into two groups (n=6). In the control groups, the specimens were immersed in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C, with the water being renewed daily. For the experimental groups, the specimens were exposed to kretek cigarette smoke on a daily basis, then washed and soaked in distilled water at 37°C. After 21 days, the specimens were measured using a Surface Roughness Tester and the data was then statistically analyzed. Results: An Independent-T Test revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the surface roughness between the control and experimental groups of both nanofilled and nanohybrid composites, as well as between the nanofilled experimental group and the nanohybrid experimental group. Conclusion: Exposure to kretek cigarette smoke can increase the surface roughness of nanohybrid composites to a significantly greater extent than nanofilled composites.
Building team agreement on large population surveys through inter-rater reliability among oral health survey examiners
Authors: Susilawati Sri , Monica Grace , Fadilah R. Putri N. , Bramantoro Taufan , Setijanto Darmawan , Wening Gilang Rasuna Sabdho , Palupi Retno
Published: June 2018

Background: Oral health surveys conducted on a very large population involve many examiners who must be consistent in scoring different levels of an oral disease. Prior to the oral health survey implementation, a measurement of inter-rater reliability (IRR) is needed to know the level of agreement among examiners or raters. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the IRR using consensus and consistency estimates in large population oral health surveys. Methods: A total of 58 dentists participated as raters. The benchmarker showed the clinical sample for dental caries and community periodontal index (CPI) score, with the raters being trained to carry out a calibration exercise in dental phantom. The consensus estimate was measured by means of a percent agreement and Cohen’s Kappa statistic. The consistency estimate of IRR was measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation. Results: The percent agreement is 65.50% for photographic slides of dental caries, 73.13% for photographic slides of CPI and 78.78% for calibration of dental caries using phantom. There were statistically significant differences between dental caries calibration using photographic slides and phantom (p<0.000), while the consistency of IRR between multiple raters is strong (Cronbrach’s Alpha: >0.9). Conclusion: A percent agreement across multiple raters is acceptable for the diagnosis of dental caries. Consistency between multiple raters is reliable when diagnosing dental caries and CPI.
Nickel ion release from stainless steel brackets in chlorhexidine and Piper betle Linn mouthwash
Authors: Deriaty Tanti , Nasution Indra , Yusuf Muslin
Published: June 2018

Background: Orthodontist prescribe mouthwash for their patients especially since most of patients do not have a satisfactory oral hygiene and have high risk of dental caries. Stainless steel brackets that exposed by mouthwash may have nickel ion release. Corrosion and nickel ion release can induced allergic reaction and make more friction during orthodontic treatment. Purpose: This study aimed to measure nickel ion release of stainless steel bracket that immersed in chlorhexidine and Piper betle Linn mouthwash. Methods: Thirty-six stainless steel bracket immersed in artificial saliva, chlorhexidine, and Piper betle Linn mouthwash. All brackets stored in incubator for 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks. Nickel ion release was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: The results showed a significant differences of nickel ion release in all groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, among the mouthwash, chlorohexidine has the highest nickel ion release from stainless steel brackets, followed with Piper betle Linn mouthwash.
PENATAAN SISTEM PEMILIHAN UMUM YANG BERKEADILAN UNTUK PENGUATAN SISTEM PRESIDENSIIL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Aris Mohammad Syaiful
Published: June 2018

Justice in election one of the constitutional mandates expressly in Article 22E Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia. Nevertheless the Constitution does not provide further guidance on what the meaning of justice in election. Therefore, it is necessary to search philosophically what exactly the meaning of justice in the election. An alternative system is needed as a bridge between the proportional system and the district system. An alternative system must be able to create a minimum majority party in parliament to support presidential policies, improve the accountability the member of parlements and accommodate heterogeneous groups.
KOMPENSASI DAN RESTITUSI YANG BERORIENTASI PADA KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA
Authors: Ali Mahrus , Wibowo Ari
Published: June 2018

The study proposes the compensation and restitution regulations which should be oriented to protect the victim of crime. Although most regulations have been adopted the right of the victims to receive the compensation and restitution, but this study finds that there are some weaknesses in such regulations. Hence, compensation regulation should be specifically focused on the fulfillment of the right of the victims of crime. It shall not depend on court decisions, but such compensation should be provided even though the victims ceased before the court proceeding has started, or even if he or she wrongly arrested by police. This compensation is only to cover material losses and traumatic stress recovery cost. It could be paid directly monthly/yearly and could be converted to other form of compensation. Restitution refers to the paradigm of restorative justice. In Indonesia, restitution should be based on final and binding court decision. If the perpetrator does not want to provide it for the victim, he/she has moral obligation to provide it for the victim oven without inkracht court decision, and this could be used by the judges to pardon the perpetrator. Restitution shall be enforced for all criminal offences which resulting direct and indirect losses for the victims. Restitution is not merely about monetary values but moral obligation of the perpetrator to recover the victim’s condition.
PERPLEXING JURISDICTION RATIONE PERSONAE AND MATERIAE OF RWANDAN COMMERCIAL COURTS: TRADER AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Niyobuhungiro Joel
Published: June 2018

Modernization of judiciary has prompted the reform of courts system in many countries whereby a trend of creating specialized courts is no doubt contributing to the needed justice. The creation of commercial courts, as specialized courts, has been and still is at the root of commercial development that contributes to economic growth of the country.Like any court, for commercial court to adjudicate case, a number of elements determining the court competence must be examined by the court seized. Jurisdiction ratione materiae and jurisdiction personae, inter alia, are the determining factors of the competence of commercial courts.  However, it can be difficult, in some cases, to ascertain court competence in case the law establishing those courts has not clearly delineated for example matters over which courts shall have jurisdiction. In Rwanda, The Law n° 06/2012/OL of 14/09/2012 determining the organization, functioning and jurisdiction of commercial courts, which repealed the Law n° 59/2007 of 16/12/2007, neither does it define a commercial activity nor does it define a trader. This creates big perplexity in determining commercial courts competence insofar as jurisdiction ratione materiae and personae are concerned. Commercial activities are neither defined nor enumerated in Rwanda laws. Rwandan commercial courts judges have tried to unravel that perplexity and tried to solve this problem in their judgements. However, it will be submitted that challenges posed by lack of clear definition of trader and commercial activity or at least a list of   commercial activities, calls for a clear stand of the legislator as far as jurisdiction ratione materiae and personae of Rwandan commercial courts are concerned.
Study and Reporting of Adverse Drug Reaction Patterns Among Organ Transplant Patients Receiving Tacrolimus Therapy in a Real World Post-Marketing Experience
Authors: Shobharam Sahu  , Poonam Rishishwar  , Chhaya Rathod
Published: June 2018

With the availability of many immunosuppressive drugs for treatment of solid organ transplantation increase to a life span of patients who is receiving tacrolimus separately for End Stage of liver, heart and lung, kidney. But after all success of solid organ transplantation is purely dependent on proper course of immunosuppressive therapy. Tacrolimus is lactones antibiotic isolated from the fermentation of streptomyces tstkubaeis. This calcineurin inhibitor widely used for its immunosuppressive properties to increase patient survival and prevent graft function, organ rejection in solid organ transplant and graft-versus-host disease in transplant patients suppresses to enzyme for the growth of B cells and T cells.  It was first approved for use to prevent graft rejection in 1994 for liver transplantation and in 1997 for kidney transplantation. The outcomes of this drug have varied due to differences in induction and maintenance therapy, drug dosing and monitoring. The aim of this study of an assessment and reporting of adverse drug reaction was to analyze the case reports of literature critically, conducted to monitor and evaluated the adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of immunosuppressive drug regimens, its causality, severity in therapy which is used various organ transplant patients and to document the pharmacotherapeutic actions taken for its management.