bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross sectional study to assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding voluntary blood donation among medical students of Jabalpur, central India
Authors: Verma Prashant , Thakur Aditya , Saklecha Deepak , Kasar Pradeep Kumar
Published: February 2018

Background: Blood transfusion is a crucial and an essential part of any nation’s health care delivery system for a lifesaving Interventions. Positive attitude towards blood donation practices among the younger generation would play a crucial role in improving health care structure. Objectives of the study were to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice towards blood donation and its associated factors among undergraduate medical students. Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted on the 322 under graduate medical students of different professional years during September to December 2016 at Netaji Subash Chandra Bose medical college Jabalpur (M.P.). A pretested, self administered, structured questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding voluntary blood donation. Scores for three domains i.e. knowledge, attitude, practice was calculated. Data on Socio demographic details and reason behind non donation of blood were also collected. Results: On correlation between the scores of attitude and practice with knowledge. Attitude has a positive statistically significant correlation with the increase in knowledge and vice versa. On the other hand Increase in attitude shows a negative statistically significant correlation with practice and vice versa. Students belongs to >20 years of age group has significantly more knowledge and good attitude regarding blood donation (p<0.001). Female students when compared with male have more knowledge and good attitude regarding blood donation. But in case of practice of blood donation female significantly lag behind male students (p<0.001). Conclusions: Opportunities for blood donations should be created regularly by conducting blood donation camps this will not only increase the Sense of social responsibility among medical students through positive attitude but will also narrowed down the gap between the demand and the supply of the country.
Use of intramedullary implants in adult diaphyseal fracture both bone forearm
Authors: Jain Rajesh Kumar , Kiradiya Nitin
Published: February 2018

Background: Fractures of the forearm bones are very common. The most common form of stabilization is plate and screw fixation. The role of Intramedullary nailing of fractures of the shafts of the adult radius and ulna is still to be defined. This study was perform to analyze anatomical and function outcome of the patients treated by Talwarkar square nail.

Methods: We evaluated 46 patients (29 males and 17 females) had fracture both bone forearm treated by intramedullary nail. We analyzed patients in two broad group one with close fracture or grade I, II open fracture (34 patients) and other have open fracture grade IIIA or IIIB (12 patients). First group patients further analyzed weather close (22 patients) or open reduction (8 patients) required. Functional outcome was calculated by Grace and Eversman system.

Results: Out of 32 patients of close fracture or open grade 1 or 2 fracture, 29 (90.62%) have excellent or acceptable result. All the patients (100%) in whom close reduction succeeds achieved excellent result. 22 (64.70%) patients close nailing possible.12 patients in whom open reduction required 9 (75%) goes into union. Close nailing have overall success rate is 90.62% where it fail and open nailing require success rate bring down to 75%..

Conclusions: IM nailing gives satisfactory results. Advantages of close nailing are- early union, low incidence of infection, small scars, less blood loss, short operating time with minimal surgical trauma, easier implant removal. Even though plate and screw fixation is the gold standard for stabilization of both bone forearm fracture but intramedullay implant can be used in selected cases with good result. To achieve acceptable result – early surgery, proper selection of the case, pre-operative planning, proper assessment of diameter, length and radial bowing of the nail, is required.
Education in Human Rights: History, Gender and Ethnicity
Authors: Machado Barros Maria Cláudia
Published: February 2018

Abstract: understanding the process of the historical construction of racism, ethnic and social discrimination is the first condition for overcoming such relationships. Human rights education presents this proposal to establish a historical awareness for an approach to promote values ​​and relationships that promote the recognition of the other in the promotion of equal rights associated with the recognition of diversity. Social justice must be the path sought by the perception of the past, in an open gift for the evaluation of its own concepts and paradigms.

Educação em Direitos Humanos: História Gênero e Etnia

Resumo: entender o processo da construção histórica do racismo, da discriminação étnica e social é condição primeira para superação de tais relações. A educação em direitos humanos apresenta essa proposta de estabelecer uma consciência histórica para uma abordagem de promoção dos valores e relações que promovam o reconhecimento do outro, na promoção da igualdade de direitos, associado ao reconhecimento da diversidade. A justiça social deve ser o caminho buscado pela percepção do passado, em um presente aberto para a avaliação de seus próprios conceitos e paradigmas.
Goiaz Album: an Advertising Vehicle
Authors: Machado Silva Karinne , Gumiero Cleps Geisa Daise
Published: February 2018

Abstract: this article aims to present and discuss one of the main photographic albums produced by the state government of Goiás in partnership with the private sector. Produced in the mid-1930s, the “Álbum de Goiaz” (the Goiaz Album) is the catalog that presents (compared to the other albums of the same period) the largest number of photographs of the first decades after the founding of the city of Goiânia. In addition, it is characterized by the multiplicity of subjects shown in images as well as in texts in which the State of Goiás is presented. It is an important document of the visual culture of the Regional History and a key piece of advertising that aimed the colonization of Goiás in the first years of Goiânia.

Álbum de Goiaz: um Veículo de Propaganda

Resumo: o referido artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar e discutir um dos principais álbuns fotográficos produzidos pelo governo estadual de Goiás em parceria com a iniciativa privada. Produzido em meados da década de 1930 o Álbum de Goiaz é o catálogo que apresenta (comparado aos demais álbuns da mesma época) o maior número de fotografias das primeiras décadas de fundação da cidade de Goiânia. Além disso, tem como característica a multiplicidade de assuntos abordados nas imagens e nos textos de apresentação do Estado de Goiás. Constitui-se como um importante documento da cultura visual da História Regional e um exemplar de propaganda que tinha como meta a colonização de Goiás nos primeiros anos de Goiânia.
Empowerment of Black Women: Culture, Tradition and Protagonism of Dona Dió do Acarajé in the "Washing the Alley"
Authors: Nogueira Martha Maria Brito
Published: February 2018

Abstract: the objective of this study is to deconstruct the racist and sexist ideologies that make invisible the presence of black women in the various spaces of society, especially in the cultural field, seeking to show their actions to promote and establish new positions. In order to do so, it analyzes the trajectory of Dona Dió do Acarajé, a black woman of quilombola descent who excelled in several popular demonstrations in the city of Vitória da Conquista in the last decades of the twentieth century, becoming a symbol of black culture. These questions will be analyzed from the feminist theories, called the “Standpoint Teory” of black feminist thought, in order to understand the dynamics of empowerment of black women in popular culture.

Empoderamento das Mulheres Negras: Cultura, Tradição e Protagonismo de Dona Dió do Acarajé na “Lavagem do Beco”

Resumo: o objetivo desse estudo é desconstruir as ideologias racistas e sexistas que invisibilizam a presença das mulheres negras nos diversos espaços da sociedade, em especial no campo cultural, procurando mostrar a suas ações para promover e estabelecer novos posicionamentos. Para tanto, analisa a trajetória de Dona Dió do Acarajé, mulher negra, de descendência quilombola que sobressaiu em várias manifestações populares na cidade de Vitória da Conquista nas últimas décadas do século XX, tornando-se símbolo da cultura negra. Estas questões serão analisadas a partir das teorias formuladas pelas feministas, denominadas de “Standpoint Teory” do pensamento feminista negro, no sentido de compreender as dinâmicas de empoderamento das mulheres negras na cultura popular.
Implementation of scientific approach and teacher affective learning strategy of PAI in increasing student learning achievement
Authors: Basiroh Zazinatul
Published: February 2018

This study aims to determine the application of scientific approach and affective learning strategy of Islamic education teachers in improving student achievement. This research used qualitative method, used observation, interview or document review. The data presented in verbal form was not in the form of numbers. Based on the results of research and discussion can be concluded the  application of scientific approach by teachers Islamic education in Sekolah Dasar Negeri Plumutan and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Darussalam Bancak was observing, asking, exploring, associate and communicate. Affective learning strategies in public primary Sekolah Dasar Negeri Plumutan and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Darussalam Bancak done in two ways, the pattern of habituation and modeling or modeling. Implementation of scientific approach and affective learning strategy of learning Islamic education strongly support the success in improving student achievement. The result of this research showed  that effectively  and efficiently in accordance with the stages of learning with scientific approach and affective learning, then the purpose of learning can be achieved.
Indonesian and English Lexical Metaphoric Expressions Used In Online Competition News Text
Authors: Tarwiyah Siti
Published: February 2018

The subject of this article deals with discourse semantics. The focus of its description is metaphoric expressions used to express competition news in online media. Based on some theories about metaphor, the writer tries to search for kinds of metaphoric expressions used and the reasons behind the use of the expressions.  The result shows that English and Indonesian language use lexical metaphors with three specifications, i.e. anthropomorphic, animal, and synesthetic.  The choice of specific lexical metaphoric expressions is related to situational and cultural aspects.
The Comparative Analysis of Neutrons Properties of the Nuclear Fuel Produced by the Westinghouse and the TVEL for the Reactors VVER-1000 by Code SERPENT
Authors: V. M. Demin, , M. A. Abu Sondos, , A.D. Smirnov
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we analyze the impact on isotopic composition of spent nuclear fuel VVER-1000, due to various operational conditions, such as concentration of boric acid dissolved in water, the temperature of the fuel, and others. In addition, the impact that is caused by the technological allowances applied while manufacturing fuel assemblies that were analyzed by the mass fuel and its enrichment. The calculations were performed on models of the fuel assemblies of reactor VVER-1000. The basis was taken of a typical fuel Assembly of the Russian TVEL suppliers and the new fuel assemblies of the American company Westinghouse.
Complex for Modeling the Reliability of Reactor Plant Systems by the Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Mikhailova E.V. , Sobolev A.V.
Published: February 2018

The article considers the main models incorporated in the developed software package for modeling reliability indicators of nuclear reactor unit (RF) complex technical systems by the Monte Carlo method. Approaches to organization of system state determination on the layout basis into groups, principles of accounting for dependent failures and incomplete recovery are described.
Dosimetric Planning of Interstitial Brachytherapy for Head and Neck Tumor
Authors: E.V. Bazovkina , Yu.N. Anokhin , N.B Borysheva
Published: February 2018

Dosimetric calculations of radiation pin sources 252Cf were carried out; in order to evaluate the effect of treatment the final data was analyzed. As a result of the study calculated values of the duration of exposure and absorbed dose were analyzed; the correspondence between the presence of radiation reactions, and causes their manifestations and sources layout were observed; selected sources layouts with a definite diagnosis was compared, under which they were applied.
Parameters Settings of NPP Automatic Regulators via Analytical Simulators
Authors: V.S. Volodin , A.O. Tolokonskij
Published: February 2018

Purpose of I&C system is monitor and control of processing procedure and equipment for reaching main goal of NPP – electric energy generation providing nuclear and radiological safety and economic efficiency of processing procedure. One of the main functions of NPP I&C system is control of technological processes in nuclear unit equipment via automatic regulators providing optimality of electric energy generation process. Algorithms of I&C systems, especially laws of control, are realized on hardware and software complex (HSC) TPTS (technological hardware-software instrumentality). Control functions implemented on functional modules TPTS51.1412 and TPTS51.1411, which perform linear and pulse control. A great number of automatic regulators is used in process of electric energy generation on NPP. All automatic regulators can be divided to 4 groups. Despite nuclear units are standard (they have same reactor system project), they have unique characteristics – nuclear units differ by technological characteristics of reactor system equipment and technological equipment providing electric energy generation process control. That’s why parameters of respective automatic regulators for each nuclear unit correct after theoretical calculations in nuclear unit checkout process that cause specific economic and energetic losses. For solving this problem there is provided to use analytical simulators of NPP nuclear units, which are used for researches of reactor system physics and researches of  behavior of technological equipment respective nuclear unit.
Development of a method for removing residual mechanical stresses in welded joints of NPP pipelines after their execution by ultrasonic hardening
Authors: D.I. Chulkov , S.I. Minin
Published: February 2018

This article describes the description and the results of experimental work to confirm the efficiency of the method for removing residual mechanical stresses in welded joints of NPP pipelines after they have been performed by ultrasonic hardening. Also, based on the results of the experiment, it is proposed to develop an automated device, the work of which is based on the proposed method.
Using the Scale Software for Critical Analysis
Authors: Kovalev K.D. , Kolesov V.V. , Mishin V.A. , Mishchukov N.A.
Published: February 2018

This article shows the experience of using the SCALE software package (hereinafter SCALE) to analyze the criticality of critical benchmark experiments. This experience was obtained during the familiarization of SCALE for research purposes on the basis of the Department of Nuclear Physics and Technologies (DNPaT) of the IATE MEPhI. Test calculations of the effective multiplication factor ( ) critical assemblies with different parameters was produced, research different method of calculate multigroup constants.
Hidden Anomalies Detection in Large Arrays of Nuclear Power Plant Operating Data
Authors: R.A. Chelebiev , A.O. Skomorokhov
Published: February 2018

In this paper, it is investigated nuclear power plant operating data which was obtained from reactor main coolant pumps (MCP) of the third isolated generating plant of Kalinin NPP. It is necessary permanent monitoring for state of all pump components since breakdown of a reactor coolant pump leads to substantial economic losses. It is installed over 50 sensors of different control systems at the every MCP. Received data is stored but it is not analysed for the purpose of discovering  joint dependencies between equipment pieces and unobvious, hidden trends of accident propagation. In this work, it was proposed techniques for detection of hidden anomalies and MCP operating regularity based on factor analysis, clustering and linear regression models. It was written a Python script which automates necessary calculations.
ALTERATION OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE CONTENT IN "HEXACHLORAN DUST" PESTICIDE FORMULATION AT EXPOSURE TO ELECTRON BEAM
Authors: Melnikova T. , Gordeev A. , Polyakova L. , Oudalova A. , Kozmin G. , Naumova L.
Published: February 2018

The most popular methods of organochlorinated pesticides (OCP) destruction, which are based on thermal dechlorination, are not ecologically safe. The other process – radiation-chemical degradation – has got some advantages. It does not involve high temperatures and expensive reagents. In this study, the effective OCP degradation was observed under irradiation of residuals of the active substance of ‘Hexachloran dust’ pesticide formulation, intended for utilization. Parameters for the preparation powder (dry form) exposure to electron beam are discussed. It is shown that at the exposure to electron beam at dose of 100 kGy, the degradation degree of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers in a composition of active substance achieves 56.2–66.3%.
Heterogeneous Description of Fuel Assemblies for Correct Estimation of Control Rods Efficiency in BR-1200
Authors: Bogdanova E.V. , Bahdanovich R.B. , Ryzhov S.N. , Ternovykh M.Y. , Tikhomirov G.V.
Published: February 2018

This paper describes the development of full-scale models of the BR-1200 reactor for the MCU-FR code with a homogeneous and heterogeneous description of fuel assemblies’ geometry. The correctness of the control rods efficiency calculation in a homogeneous model is analyzed. The control rods requiring heterogeneous modeling are defined.
Modeling of Analytical-Experimental Benchmark on Irradiation of Nitride Fuel in BN-600 Reactor in the SCALE6 code
Authors: Shorov V.Y. , Ryzhov S.N. , Ternovykh M.Y. , Tikhomirov G.V.
Published: February 2018

In this work was carried out the simulation in the SCALE6 code of an experiment on the BN-600 reactor on irradiating of fuel assemblies, containing samples of mixed nitride uranium-plutonium fuel. A comparison of the results for SCALE6 on the results of other codes is presented. The results of an estimation of uncertainties in the calculated data connected with uncertainties of an irradiation of an experimental sample and used neutron cross-sections library. Discussion of possible differences between analytical and experimental results is given.
The Odd Generalized Exponential Type-I Generalised Half Logistic Distribution: Properties and Application
Authors: Lakshmi M. Vijaya , Anjaneyulu G.V. S. R.
Published: February 2018

We propose a new lifetime model, called the Odd Generalized Exponential Type-I Generalised Half Logistic Distribution (OGET-IGHLD).We obtain some of its mathematical properties. We made an attempt to study some structural properties of the new distribution. The Maximum Likelihood method is used for Estimating the model parameters and the Fisher’s information matrix is also derived. We illustrate the  applications with generalised data.
Survey on Multi-Hop Communication To Enhance The Efficiency Of Sensor Node in WSN
Authors: Mahajan Piyush , Saini Navjeet , Kumar Deepak
Published: February 2018

In WSN routing is the primary task for data communication between CHs to BS. The routing algorithm used should be energy efficient so that it can surmount related power constraints. As LEACH is energy efficient cluster based routing protocol used in Wireless sensor network, there are many version of LEACH one of them is MODLEACH. MODLEACH introducing efficient cluster head replacement scheme and dual transmitting power levels, However the efficiency of the MODLEACH can further be increased by introducing certain changes in the CH selection process and Multi-Hop communication between CH and BS. The cluster head selection is based on the probability and the threshold equation, but this may be problem for the next round. There is no concept that, it is based on nth power of energy conservation technique because cluster head selection not consider  any energy based parameter like residual energy of sensor node to be formed as CH
Segmentation of Remotely Sensed Images using Unsupervised ‘Sampling-Resampling’ based on Hopfield Type Neural Network
Authors: Percy R. Cheryal
Published: February 2018

In this paper we propose a technique for performing unsupervised segmentation for satellite images using a ’sampling – resampling’ based on Hopfield type Neural Network. The multi band values of the satellite images are grouped into clusters that are modeled using Gaussians. The parameters of Gaussian mixture models are learnt using Hopfield Type Neural Network. The purpose of this work is to show the effectiveness of the results obtained by using Hopfield type Neural Network rather than Bayesian parameter estimation. Each spatial position in the considered image is represented by neuron that is connected only to its neighboring units. It can be observed that the proposed technique have a better correspondence to the actual land features in the satellite images than compared with the results obtained by using the clustering technique like K-means Algorithm.  The unsupervised techniques learns the class parameter by exploiting the structure of the unlabeled data .However ,the numerical integration technique that are required for implementing Bayesian learning becomes complicated for practical applications, because of involving large data’s than compared to the Hopfield type Neural Network model.
Characterizing and Analyzing Sonor System in South Sumatra Tidal Wetlands
Authors: Wildayana Elisa , Armanto M. Edi , Imanudin M.S. , Junedi Heri
Published: February 2018

The research aimed to (1) describe changing biomass during the burning process, (2) characterize the nutrient loss due to biomass burning, (3) analyse the financial loss of nutrient transfer, and (4) compare farmer’s income among three land typologies. This research was conducted in tidal wetlands Talang Sepucuk, OKI District, South Sumatra with a slope of 0-3 %. Three selected land typologies (B, C and D) are located in the area adjacent to one another with distance < 1.200 m. The natural vegetation data and paddy yields was recorded by squares method, i.e. 25 x 25 m at each study site, dried and weighed and analyzed in the laboratory. The research resulted that the nutrient transfer due to biomass burning was in range of Rp 49.98-51.62 Mills/ha/year. The farmer’s income of the sonor system was very small (Rp 3.61-3.97 Mills/ha/year), it was only about 7 % of the total financial loss of nutrient transfer). The remaining value (93 %) is beyond the capacity of farmers to harvest natural resources. This value (93 %) is classified as one of the biggest negative impact of the sonor system to be paid by the all people. The government must intervene to make the public policy by giving direct subsidy to farmers NOT to burn biomass in the sonor system with compensation of at least 2 (two) times of farmer’s income from the sonor system (around Rp 7.66 Mill. Rp/ha/year). If farmers still continue to apply the sonor system by using fire, then there is very little opportunity for us to manage the nutrients loss due to biomass burning. The preventive and proactive approach is the best way how to manage the land resources.
Sustainable Management of Wetlands: A case study of the Songor Ramsar and UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve in Ghana
Authors: Fianko Joseph Richmond , Dodd Helina S
Published: February 2018

This study on the Songor Ramsar and UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve in Ghana seeks to ascertain management method to promote sustainable management of wetlands.  The findings clearly indicated that good management practices are employed in the management of the Songor Ramsar Site. The current approaches to management have focused on the harmonious fusion of modern scientific strategies and cultural and traditional methods. In the Songor Ramsar and UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve, traditional authorities have enacted traditional rites such as sacred groves and totems in the Ada East District which are strictly enforced to provide traditional regulatory support for their protection while modern conservation approaches in the Songor Wetland management utilizes all the laws in legal protected areas in Ghana. Management also embark on training programmes for users of the wetland resources in sustainable resource utilization to improve economic livelihood.  Increased public education and sensitization on the economic importance of the Ramsar Site and the negative impact of environmental degradation has been part of the management strategies. The Public education is on environmentally sound management of waste within the Ramsar Site since the underlying causes of environmental degradation in the Songor Ramsar Site are mainly improper waste disposal, poor attitude of residents toward environmental conservation, wildfires and shoreline recession, inadequate public education on the impact of environmental degradation, fishing, and farming activities. The other factors identified include overgrazing, over exploitation of mangroves, predation, poaching and over fishing, and uncontrolled sand and salt winning
Use of Interactive Media In Biochemical Material
Authors: Kurniawati Puji , Istiningrum Reni Banowati
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: A study of the use of interactive media in Biochemistry materials at Chemical Analysis Department, Islamic University of Indonesia has been done. Interactive media used in this research is animation media based on molymod and Flash. Molymod is used in lecturing activities to explain the macromolecular bonds and structures that are the focus of the Biochemistry course while the Flash-based animation is expected to improve students' understanding of biochemical metabolism processes in the body. The purpose of this study is to increase students' interest in biochemical learning which is known to be difficult and unattractive.Stages of this research there are 6, namely the initial stage, pre-design, design, model evaluation, field application and evaluation of results. The initial stage is done by improving the Course Outline (CO) and Teaching Unit Course (SAP) as well as the creation of lecture modules. Contents, materials and display modules have been reviewed by incorporating elements of analysis of biochemical examples that are often performed in the industrial world. Molymods of small capacity per set can only make two interconnected monomers. Flash-based animation media can be used during college or can be opened by students independently. The use of interactive media can stimulate students' high interest and understanding, ie 74.38% and 72.88% respectively. The correlation relationship between understanding and interest is also high which is marked with correlation coefficient value 0.806. The achievement of value ≥ B / C obtained with interactive media equal to 76,57% and Lecturer Performance Value (NKD) equal to 3,56.Keywords: interactive media, molymod, biochemistryReceived: 22 June 2017, Revised: 13 August 2017, 1 September 2017
Alternative of Visual Based Learning (VBL) Method Based on Short Duration Video for The Instrumental Chemistry Subject in Chemistry Department
Authors: Riyanto Riyanto , Febriana Beta Wulan
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT:There had been done a study of Visual Based Learning (VBL) method based on Short Duration Video for Instrumental Chemicals Subject in Chemistry Study Program of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty (MNSF), Islamic University of Indonesia (Universitas Islam Indonesia—UII). VBL method is carried out by creating a short duration video about an instrument according to the syllabus of instrument 1 subject such as AAS, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, FTIR, GC-MS, and CV. In order to determine the effect of VBL method using, an analysis of scores obtained between the experimental class and the control class is used. To determine the effect of VBL on psychomotor ability is done by observing directly when students do an experiment or practicum. The influence of VBL method application on student motivation was studied by using questionnaire. The results pointed out that the data of both samples (both classes) is homogeneous. T-test results: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances showed that there is a significant difference in the final scores mean between the experimental class and the control class. Based on the mean score it indicates that the VBL method is better while compared to the learning method without VBL. VBL method has a significant effect on students motivation andpsychomotor ability when it is viewed from observation of practicum and the score of practicum. The conclusion is that the VBL method is able to increase students' motivation and psychomotor ability in the Instrumental Chemistry subject.Keywords: Learning, video, chemistry, instrumentalReceived: 20 June 2017, Revised: 13 August 2017, Accepted: 1 September 2017
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education Approach against a Microscopic Representation Skill in Atom and Molecule Concept
Authors: Wisudawati Asih Widi
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research in to know microscopic representation change in atom and molecule concept which is influenced by STEM Education. This research is one of the sequences in Research and Development of test instrument by chemistry software. The kind of this research is fieldwork research with one group pre-test and post-test design. Subjects in this research are the twenty-seven  students in MBS Senior High School grade 11 th in Yogyakarta region. STEM Education can improve student microscopic representation skill from 30.18 to 54.62 in average score and based on student result in painting molecule with ChemDraw and Avogadro's application, there are a lot of improvement in understanding concept.Keywords: STEM education, microscopics representations, atom and moleculeReceived: 11 January 2018, Revised: 21 January 2018, Accepted: 24 February 2018
The Inquiry Learning Model Uses Small Steps Technique Google Drive on Chemistry Learning Student Class X TAV at SMK PIRI 1 Yogyakarta
Authors: Sahputra Hadiyanto
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to know the learning method of Inquiry Learning Small Steps in the chemistry subject through online learning with Google drive media. This study includes an assessment of learning activities and student achievement in chemistry lesson. Object of this study were students of X Class of Technical Audi-Video program (X TAV) in the academic year 2016/2017 of SMK PIRI 1 Yogyakarta. The number of objects examined were 15 students consisting of 15 male and 1 female students. Stages of inquiry learning is providing problems, formulating problems, making hypotheses, collecting data, examining hypotheses and making conclusions. Data collection using observation sheets, tests and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. Based on the research results obtained that: (1) The use of google media drive can increase student learning activity in the material of atom structure in chemistry lesson. This can be seen from the value of student activity with score 4 (good), student's response value is 85% (Very Positive) and the value of student learning result Pre cycle is 41%, Cycle 1: 54% and Cycle 2: 85%Keywords: Learning inquiry, google drive media, media learnerReceived: 16 January 2018, Revised: 22 January 2018, Accepted: 24 February 2018
Implementation of Active Learning Method in Unit Operations II Subject
Authors: Ma'mun Sholeh
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: Active Learning Method which requires students to take an active role in the process of learning in the classroom has been applied in Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Islamic University of Indonesia for Unit Operations II subject in the Even Semester of Academic Year 2015/2016. The purpose of implementation of the learning method is to assist students in achieving competencies associated with the Unit Operations II subject and to help in creating a conducive academic atmosphere so as to contribute to improving the quality of teaching and learning in the study environment. The implementation of this learning method synergized with the face-to-face method is quite successful. This is indicated by an increase in the students' final score ofB from the baseline by 44% to 80%. This achievement exceeds the targeted percentage of 60%.Keywords: active learning method, face to face method, process of learning, conducive academic atmosphere, unit operations IIReceived: 6 February 2018, Revised: 15 February 2018, Accepted: 25 February 2018
The Cost of Joint Replacement
Authors: Palsis John A. , Brehmer Thomas S. , Pellegrini Vincent D. , Drew Jacob M. , Sachs Barton L.
Published: February 2018

Background:

In an era of mandatory bundled payments for total joint replacement, accurate analysis of the cost of procedures is essential for orthopaedic surgeons and their institutions to maintain viable practices. The purpose of this study was to compare traditional accounting and time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) methods for estimating the total costs of total hip and knee arthroplasty care cycles.

Methods:

We calculated the overall costs of elective primary total hip and total knee replacement care cycles at our academic medical center using traditional and TDABC accounting methods. We compared the methods with respect to the overall costs of hip and knee replacement and the costs for each major cost category.

Results:

The traditional accounting method resulted in higher cost estimates. The total cost per hip replacement was $22,076 (2014 USD) using traditional accounting and was $12,957 using TDABC. The total cost per knee replacement was $29,488 using traditional accounting and was $16,981 using TDABC. With respect to cost categories, estimates using traditional accounting were greater for hip and knee replacement, respectively, by $3,432 and $5,486 for personnel, by $3,398 and $3,664 for space and equipment, and by $2,289 and $3,357 for indirect costs. Implants and consumables were derived from the actual hospital purchase price; accordingly, both methods produced equivalent results.

Conclusions:

Substantial cost differences exist between accounting methods. The focus of TDABC only on resources used directly by the patient contrasts with the allocation of all operating costs, including all indirect costs and unused capacity, with traditional accounting. We expect that the true costs of hip and knee replacement care cycles are likely somewhere between estimates derived from traditional accounting methods and TDABC. TDABC offers patient-level granular cost information that better serves in the redesign of care pathways and may lead to more strategic resource-allocation decisions to optimize actual operating margins.
Perioperative Allogeneic Red Blood-Cell Transfusion Associated with Surgical Site Infection After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Everhart Joshua S. , Sojka John H. , Mayerson Joel L. , Glassman Andrew H. , Scharschmidt Thomas J.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Perioperative allogeneic red blood-cell transfusion is a suspected risk factor for surgical site infection (SSI) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA), but the interrelationships among SSI risk, transfusion dose, preoperative anemia, and the presence of coagulopathies have not been well described.

Methods:

Data on SSI within 1 year after surgery as well as on transfusion with blood products within 30 days after surgery were obtained for 6,788 patients who had undergone primary or revision total hip or knee arthroplasty from 2000 to 2011 in a single hospital system. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to determine the independent association between allogeneic red blood-cell transfusion and SSI.

Results:

There was a dose-dependent association between allogeneic red blood-cell transfusion and SSI, with the infection rate increasing as the transfusion dose increased from 1 unit (odds ratio [OR] = 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38, 2.79; p < 0.001), to 2 units (OR = 2.20; CI = 1.37, 3.44; p = 0.002), to 3 units (OR = 3.66; CI = 1.72, 7.16; p = 0.001), and to >3 units (OR = 7.40; CI = 4.91, 11.03; p < 0.001) after controlling for medical comorbidities, planned procedure, preoperative anemia, and preexisting coagulopathies. A preexisting bleeding disorder (OR = 2.09; CI = 1.57, 2.80; p < 0.001) and clotting disorder (OR = 1.37; CI = 1.14, 1.64; p = 0.001) and preoperative anemia (OR = 3.90; CI = 3.31, 4.61; p < 0.001) were all independent risk factors for transfusion after adjusting for the planned procedure.

Conclusions:

We found a dose-dependent relationship between allogeneic red blood-cell transfusion and SSI risk after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Additionally, preoperative anemia or a known bleeding or clotting disorder were risk factors for the need for allogeneic red blood-cell transfusion. Our findings underscore the need for preoperative risk assessment, methods to limit surgical tissue injury, and optimized blood conservation strategies.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Appropriateness Criteria for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Riddle Daniel L. , Ghomrawi Hassan , Jiranek William A. , Dumenci Levent , Perera Robert A. , Escobar Antonio
Published: February 2018

Appropriateness classification for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has received substantial attention recently, and Katz and colleagues published an Orthopaedic Forum on the topic in The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery in February 2017. Classifications of appropriateness are particularly important given the rapid rise in use of TKA and a variety of third-party payer approaches designed to control health-care costs. We respond to some of the concerns addressed by Katz and colleagues, and elaborate on what we believe are some important issues related to both older and newer appropriateness criteria for TKA.
Equal Pay for Equal Work
Authors: Holliday Emma B. , Brady Christina , Pipkin William C. , Somerson Jeremy S.
Published: February 2018

Background:

The observed sex gap in physician salary has been the topic of much recent debate in the United States, but it has not been well-described among orthopaedic surgeons. The objective of this study was to evaluate for sex differences in Medicare claim volume and reimbursement among orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods:

The Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Public Use File was used to compare claim volume and reimbursement between female and male orthopaedic surgeons in 2013. Data were extracted for each billing code per orthopaedic surgeon in the year 2013 for total claims, surgical claims, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) claims, and total hip arthroplasty (THA) claims.

Results:

A total of 20,546 orthopaedic surgeons who treated traditional Medicare patients were included in the initial analysis. Claim volume and reimbursement received were approximately twofold higher for all claims and more than threefold higher for surgical claims for male surgeons when compared with female surgeons (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). A total of 7,013 and 3,839 surgeons performed >10 TKAs and THAs, respectively, in 2013 for Medicare patients and were included in the subset analyses. Although male surgeons performed a higher mean number of TKAs than female surgeons (mean and standard deviation, 37 ± 33 compared with 26 ± 17, respectively, p < 0.001), the claim volume for THAs was similar (29 ± 22 compared with 24 ± 13, respectively, p = 0.080). However, there was no significant difference in mean reimbursement payments received per surgeon between men and women for TKA or THA ($1,135 ± $228 compared with $1,137 ± $184 for TKA, respectively, p = 0.380; $1,049 ± $226 compared with $1,043 ± $266 for THA, respectively, p = 0.310).

Conclusions:

Female surgeons had a lower number of total claims and reimbursements compared with male surgeons. However, among surgeons who performed >10 THAs and TKAs, there were no sex differences in the mean reimbursement payment per surgeon.

Clinical Relevance:

The number of women in orthopaedics is rising, and there is much interest in how their productivity and compensation compare with their male counterparts.
Effects of colloidal humic acid on the transport of sulfa antibiotics through a saturated porous medium under different hydrochemical conditions
Authors: Liang Xiujuan , Liu Dan , Zhou Jingjing , Zhang Yuling , Zhang Wenjing
Published: February 2018

Colloidal humic acid (HA) acts as a vector that can facilitate the transport of contaminants in groundwater. However, investigations of factors that enhance the transport of sulfa antibiotics when there are colloids present remain incomplete to date. In this study, column experiments were performed under different conditions (particle size, pH, ionic strength, cation valence, colloidal concentration) using 0.25 mg/L sulfamerazine (SM) with or without colloids. The results showed that antibiotics were more easily deposited on the surface of porous media with a diameter of 0.22 mm than 0.45 mm. As the pH increased from 6 to 8, adding colloidal HA increased the maximum breakthrough concentration from 0.94 to 1 for SM. Adding colloidal HA at different NaCl concentrations decreased the maximum C/C0 ratio from 0.97 to 0.92. However, adding colloidal HA changed the C/C0 ratio more when the divalent cation (Ca2+) was present. Overall, increasing the colloidal HA concentration clearly caused the effluent sulfamerazine concentration to increase.
Anti-Protozoal Potential of Heterocyclic Compounds Against Giardiasis
Authors: Kaur Bhatia Richa
Published: February 2018

The aim of this literature review is to compile data of heterocyclic antigiardial agents. The importance is to analyze the structural requirements for improved antigiardial activity, to overcome resistance and enhance the bioavailability of the compounds under study. Though, nitroimidazoles/ imidazoles and benzimidazoles are major classes, other heterocyclic scaffolds viz. oxoindolinylidene, dioxodihydroisobenzofuran-5-carboxamide, fluoroquinolone, thieno[2,3-b]pyridine- 5-carbonitrile, α-amino-phosphonate analogs of polyoxins, nitazoxanide benzologue, thiazole and triazolyl- quinolone chalcone also possess activity against Giardia species. Heterocyclic phytoconstituents are also included to have a deep idea of antigiardial activity of herbs possessing heterocyclic constituents.
A Friendly Environmental CE Method to Determine Doxycycline Hyclate in Suppositories and Application to Tablet Assay
Authors: Christ Ana P. , Burin Sulen L. , Adams Andréa I.H.
Published: February 2018

Background:

The demand for green analytical methods is rising, mainly due its impact on
the reduction of waste generation. The official method to assay Doxycycline Hiclate (DOXH) is HPLC,
using an unusual column and a multi-component mobile phase.

Objective:

To develop a capillary electrophoresis method (CZE) to assay DOXH in suppositories and
tablets.

Methods:

Doxycycline was analyzed in a CZE system using a fused silica capillary silica (effective
length 40 cm), voltage 25kV, temperature 24°C, detection at 260 nm and hydrodynamic injection of
50mBar/5s. The electrolyte was a mixture of acetonitrile and aqueous solution composed of 25 mM
sodium carbonate and 5mM EDTA, pH 10.6.

Results:

The method was validated according to ICH requirements and DOXH detection was achieved
at around 5 min. A linear relationship was observed in the range of 20 to 160 µg.mL-1, the method was
precise, showing values of relative standard deviation below 2%. Accuracy was demonstrated by
DOXH recovery values ranging from 98.0 to 102.0%, for all the formulations. The specificity was studied
by the peak purity evaluation and by the good resolution between peaks of DOXH, degradation
products and a related substance intentionally added to the sample solution. Robustness was evaluated
by 23 full factorial design, and no effect on DOXH assay was observed under simultaneous variation in
significant analytical parameters.

Conclusion:

This simple and inexpensive method may be used to determine DOXH in suppositories as
well tablets, under identical analytical conditions and can be a green alternative to the HPLC official
method.
Influences of Morphology of Window Layer on the Characteristics of PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Ha Nguyen Thu , Lam Nguyen Dinh
Published: February 2018

Background:

In QDs-based solar cell devices, the PbS QDs layer was mainly focused
to optimize. The ZnO electron acceptor layer attracts less attention whereas it shows the key
roles in extracting and transporting charge carriers in heterojunction. The utilization of 1-D ZnO
structures has been demonstrated to be large interface areas and good carrier pathways for efficient
carrier collection. However, the influences of the morphology of metal oxide nanostructures
on the photovoltaic performance of QD-based solar cells have been few in-depth reports.

Objective:

In this work, ZnO NRs/PbS QD based solar cells were fabricated. The influences of
the ZnO NRs array structures on characteristics of ZnO NRs/PbS QD based solar cells were investigated.

Method:

ZnO NRs/PbS QD based solar cells were fabricated via spin coating method. XRD,
SEM, UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer, I-V and EQE measurement systems were utilized to investigate
the fabricated samples.

Results:

We have found optimum combinations of the linked parameters of ZnO NRs, their
length of (230 ± 5) nm and density of (1.50 ± 5)x1010 # of rods.cm-2, that exhibit maximum efficiency
of ∼2.5% for the ZnO NR/PbS QDs based solar cell.

Conclusion:

The influences the ZnO NRs structures on the solar cell characteristics, including
the absorption, external quantum efficiency, and current density-voltage curves, were investigated.
There seems to be an optimum between NR length and their density for resulting in maximum
efficiency. This could be due the interplay of solar flux absorption and junction area controlled
by these two parameters of ZnO NR morphology.
Students Expectation on Studying the Plants Identification in Outdoor Learning Environment
Authors: Mohamed Noralizawati , Othman Noriah
Published: February 2018

In recent years, there have been growing bodies of research in an outdoor education setting. In the context of landscape architecture studies, the need to encourage the students to explore the nature is undeniably important. By exploring the landscapes, a better perspective and understanding of subject matter can be achieved. While there is a new approach of learning called as online learning, however, the actual experiential learning is still valuable and authentic to be studied. Through the literature findings and data analysis, the student learning expectations in this study are influenced by the physical outdoor setting and learning activities.Keywords: outdoor learning; plant identification, student expectation, learning activities
The Rise of Rooftop Urban Farming at George Town, Penang
Authors: Hashim Nur Hayati , Mohd Hussain Nur Huzeima , Ismail Asmat
Published: February 2018

Urban farming is growing in popularity for taking advantage of unused spaces on the rooftop in cities. This issue is becoming fundamentals due to the scarcity of land issue, urbanisation and urban poverty. This paper presents a brief method used in exploring the potential of implementing urban farming on the rooftop areas. The research aims to measure the potential of the rooftop as urban farming at George Town, Penang. This study adopted quantitative method using the questionnaire to conduct a survey. The result shows significant findings of reliability test of Cronbach's Alpha.