bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greek, Latin, Sanskrit and Tamil: The Meaning of the Word Ἐρυθρὰν in Erythraean Sea
Authors: Pugazhendhi D
Published: January 2022

Ἐρυθρὰν of Greek and Erythraeos of Latin denote a portion of ocean. From the Greek word ἐρεύθων, it is thought that the sea is red in colour and so got its name, the Red Sea. There is also another thought that the name of the sea is not due to its colour, but the first person who crossed this sea was called Erythras, and so the sea is named after him. The research that has been done so far has taken into account the Greek and Persian language root to this word, but has not yet reached a final conclusion. Tamil Nadu also has a remarkable place in this connection. In the word Ἐρυθρὰν θάλατταν, “Ery” means “throw” both in Greek and Tamil and “thrae” means hair in Greek and “wave” in Tamil. The word “thrae” has a common meaning which is that of either a group, or in general any gathering of a small number of objects. Thus, Ἐρυθρὰν of Greek and Erythraeos of Latin has the meaning of ‘throwing ocean wave’ in Tamil. In studying the other word Περίπλους (Περί + πλους), of Περίπλους της Ερυθράς Θαλάσσης, the first part of the word, Περί, means big or long and the latter part of the word πλους, which is the metathesis of πόλεις has the meaning land or city. Thus the words Περίπλους της Ερυθράς Θαλάσσης has the meaning –“the cities or the lands of the ocean of throwing waves”. It is well known that both the Greeks and Romans had a flourishing sea trade with Tamil Nadu in the ancient period of history and there was ample possibility of words being borrowed from Tamil to Greek. Keywords: Erythraean Sea, Greek, Latin, sea trade, Tamil Nadu
The Impact of Cryptocurrency Adoption as a Legal Tender in El Salvador
Authors: Gaikwad Adityawardhan , Mavale Sushil
Published: January 2022

Cryptocurrency is taking the world by storm. It is certainly not a new technology anymore to the world. Countries all over the world are deciding on how they should treat the cryptocurrency as it directly impacts their existing ecosystem of fiat currency and how people use it. Different countries have adopted different approaches like considering it as a financial assets, securities, outright illegal or even legal tender in some countries. There are still a good number of countries which are yet to declare whether trading, using or mining it is legal or illegal. In such chaos, El Salvador is one such country which has adopted Bitcoin as a legal tender in 2021. It has been found that bitcoin adoption is expected to help their economy as GDP will probably increase after large scale adoption of Bitcoin. The electricity consumption for bitcoin mining has reached an all-time high. The environmental concerns are rising. However, El Salvador is keen on using 100% clean energy sources. El Salvador has been producing the largest amount of geothermal energy in all of Central America.
About the “Sphinx of Russian Law”: the Phenomenon of Legal Consolidation of Separation of Property of Spouses
Authors: Voroshilova Svetlana , Tatarinova Elena , Sergeev Alexander , Bratukhina Ekaterina
Published: January 2022

The article examines the reasons for the legislative consolidation of the regime of separate property in the Russian Empire, analyzes both the historical works of civilists and modern law historians. The authors come to the conclusion that there are cumulative influences of historical factors on the formation of the institution of separation of the property of spouses, paying attention to modern approaches about the estate interest of saving property through the individualization of ownership of them.
Matinya Keindahan dan Kehormatan Politik
Authors: Qosim Nanang
Published: January 2022

Andai kedua filsuf Yunani kuno–Plato dan Aristoteles–hidup kembali dan datang ke Indonesia saat ini, pasti mereka menyesali tesis politik yang pernah mereka kemukakan pada zaman dahulu. Kedua filsuf besar itu menegaskan bahwa politik sungguh indah dan terhormat.Itu tertulis dalam dua karya klasik yang telah menjadi magnum opus: Republic-nya Plato dan Politics atau Nichomachean Ethics-nya Aristoteles. Mereka menjelaskan, sejatinya politik itu indah dan terhormat. Keindahan politik itu terletak pada kesejatiannya sebagai wahana membangun masyarakat utama.Alasan dasar tesis mereka: tujuan utama dan target akhir politik adalah menyelenggarakan kehidupan masyarakat dan bangsa yang berkeadaban dan terwujud dalam tatanan sosial serta berlandaskan pada hukum, norma dan aturan, sehingga terciptalah kesejahteraan. Karena itu, dikatakan: semua cabang ilmu lain bersifat melayani dan mengabdi kepada kepentingan ilmu politik dan berbagai aktivitas politik sebagai wujud manusia sebagai makhluk sosial (zoon politicon).
PHYTOCHEMISTRY & ITS COSMECUETICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: DATTA JAYDIP
Published: January 2022

In earlier work Aloe Vera has been reviewed as a Traditional Phyto-Medicine ( A Therapeutic Review on Aloe Vera - A Traditional Phytomedicine ) ,( J. Inst.of Chemists ( India ) ,2013 , p-95-96 ,)It has the medicinal effect on burnt, wound on skin ie a rejuvenating phyto-chemicals . It is generally formulated with Vit -E as cream / ointment on application . This formulation is also known as ALOE- E formulation .
भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्थेची वाटचाल- एक अध्ययन (2014 ते 2020)
Authors: BAGDE RAKSHIT MADAN
Published: January 2022

Although the share of industry in GDP remained stable, it underwent significant fundamental changes. During this period, as a process of product restructuring, when a gross value was adjusted, production increased at current prices by 8 percent per annum. Then in 2004-09, the GDP growth rate increased to 20%. At the same prices, the annual but significant increase in employment was also 7.5 percent per annum. The work participation rate was 39.2 percent in 2009-10. Of these, 53 percent were in agriculture and the remaining 47 percent were in non-agricultural sectors. For the first time in the late 2000s, the number of perfect workers in the agricultural sector decreased. Unemployment in the economy as a whole has come down from 8.3 percent in 2004-05 to 6.6 percent in 2009-10. We can say that the Indian economy has performed well since 1991 but now the Indian economy is going through another turbulent period. The growth rate of the Indian economy has been slowing down since 2014. In addition to this, Kovid 19 has spread its legs in India and has slowed down the growth rate. The research paper will conclude the study of the Indian economy from 2014 to 2020, as well as three economic sectors.
PAKIEM Era Hybrid Learning
Authors: Zulhafizh
Published: January 2022

Berbagai platform turut mendukung dalampelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan prinsip PAKIEM (Pembelajaran Aktif Kreatif Inovatif Efektif Menyenangkan), seperti: zoom meeting, google suite, microsoft education, dan sebagainya. Pelaksanan PAKIEM ini sangat diperlukan, baik saat pembelajaran daring maupun luring. Berbekal pengetahuan dan keterampilan menggunakan teknologi turut membantu dalam mensukseskan tujuan pembelajaran. Selain itu, sumber sumber pembelajaran saat ini juga mudah ditemukan sehingga berbagai kebutuhan materi dan informasi bisa dipenuhi. Dengan fasilitas yang ada, maka kreativitas pendidik dan peserta didik sangat diperlukan untuk membangun pembelajaran lebih baik.
Strategi berinovasi guru di sekolah menengah atas
Authors: Zulhafizh
Published: January 2022

Inovasi sebagai suatu terobosan yang dapat dilakukan guru dalam mendorong perbaikan pendidikan. Berbagai strategi dapat dilakukan guru dalam rangga menghadirkan inovasi. Inovasi yang dilakukan guru sebagai suatu yang perlu dideskripsikan. Maka, penelitian ini berupaya mendeskripsikan berbagai strategi guru yang mendorong aktivitas inovatif. Metode penelitian berupa survei dengan dilengkapi instrumen strategi berinovasi para guru Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kota Pekanbaru. Sampel guru sebagai informan berjumlah 108 orang diambil secara random. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data berupa angket berskala Likert. Analisis instrumen berkategori valid dengan berbagai varian kategori Alfa Cronbach’s (>0,400) dan Chi-kuadrat 20620,625 (p>0,05). Analisis data dilakukan melalui analisis korelasi Product Moment, deskriptif-mean dan standar deviasi, Anova satu arah, dan koefisien diterminan (R) untuk mengindikasikan potensi pengaruh yang ditimbulkan masing-masing dimensi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa dimensi untuk berinovasi di sekolah menengah atas secara umum berkategori sangat tinggi (4,722) pada SD 0,302. Hasil implementasi memperlihatkan dimensi penataan tugas tidak signifikan dalam strategi berinovasi baik antar kelompok maupun dalam kelompok. Ditinjau dari koefisien diterminan lebih rendah (0,084) dibandingkan dimensi lain. Hal ini memperlihatkan strategi selain penataan tugas dapat menjadi pemicu dalam berinovasi di Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kota Pekanbaru.
HistoEnder: a 3D printer-based histological slide autostainer that retains 3D printer functions
Authors: Ponzetti Marco , Devarapu Ganga Chinna Rao , Rucci Nadia , Carlone Armando , Saggiomo Vittorio
Published: January 2022

Automated microscope slide stainers are usually very expensive and unless the laboratory performs heavy histological work it is difficult to justify buying a 2000-10000€ machine. As a result, histology and pathology labs around the world lose thousands of working hours for following procedures that could be easily automated. Herein, we propose a simple modification of an open-source 3D printer, the Creality Ender-3, into an automated microscope slide autostainer, the HistoEnder. The HistoEnder is cheap (less than 200€), modular, and easy to set up, with only two 3D-printed parts needed. Additionally, the 3D printer retains its full functionality, and it can be reverted back into 3D printing in less than 1 minute. The g-code associated with the procedure is extremely simple, and can be written by anyone. The HistoEnder can also be used in chemistry and material science laboratories for automating surface modifications and dip coating.
Development of complex syntax in the narratives of children with English as an Additional Language and their monolingual peers
Authors: Witkowska Disa , Lucas Laura , Jelen Maria Barbara , Kin Hannah , Norbury Courtenay
Published: January 2022

Background: English syntax acquisition is crucial for developing literacy but may be challenging for many children learning English as an Additional Language (EAL). This study longitudinally investigates syntactic complexity and diversity of stories retold by children with EAL and their monolingual peers as well as the relationship between syntax and vocabulary.Methods: Sixty-one children with EAL were matched to their monolingual peers on sex, age and teacher-rated language proficiency. Children’s narratives were collected in Year 1 (age 5-6) and Year 3 (age 7-8) and coded for clause type. Dependent variables included Mean Length of Utterance in words (MLUw) and Clausal Density (CD) as measures of syntactic complexity and Complex Syntax Type-Token Ratio (CS TTR) estimating syntactic diversity.Results: Children with EAL presented syntactically complex and diverse narratives equivalent to monolingual peers in Year 1 and Year 3. Growth rate in syntactic complexity was associated with English vocabulary in Year 1. Among children with low vocabulary, children with EAL developed syntactic complexity at a faster rate than monolingual peers, while the opposite was true in the high-vocabulary group. Children with average vocabulary progressed at parallel rates. Children with EAL and their monolingual peers used broadly the same complex structures but with varying frequency.Conclusions: In this longitudinal study comparing children with EAL and monolinguals on complex clauses, the interaction between emerging bilingualism and vocabulary knowledge in the societal language predicted different patterns of growth in syntactic complexity. Children with EAL might use language differently than their monolingual peers to achieve similar syntactic complexity and diversity. These findings demonstrate that in early primary school, children with EAL have syntactic skills comparable to their monolingual peers.
Performance on stochastic figure-ground perception varies with individual differences in speech-in-noise recognition and working memory capacity
Authors: Johns Michael Andrew , Calloway Regina , Phillips Ian , Karuzis Valarie P. , Dutta Kelsey , Smith Ed , Shamma Shihab A. , Goupell Matthew J. , Kuchinsky Stefanie E.
Published: January 2022

Speech recognition in noisy environments can be challenging and requires listeners to accurately segregate a target speaker from irrelevant background noise. Stochastic figure ground (SFG) tasks, in which temporally coherent inharmonic pure-tones must be identified from a background, have been used to probe the non-linguistic auditory stream segregation processes important for speech-in-noise processing. However, little is known about the relationship between performance on SFG tasks and speech-in-noise tasks nor the individual differences that may modulate such relationships. In this study, 37 young normal-hearing adults performed an SFG task with target figure chords consisting of 4, 6, 8, or 10 temporally coherent tones amongst a background of randomly varying tones. Stimuli were designed to be spectrally and temporally flat. Increased number of temporally coherent tones resulted in higher accuracy and faster reaction times (RTs). For 10 target tones, faster RTs were associated with better scores on a standardized speech-in-multi-talker babble recognition task. Individual differences in working memory capacity and self-reported musicianship further modulated these relationships. Overall, results demonstrate that the SFG task could serve as an assessment of auditory stream segregation accuracy and response time that is sensitive to individual differences in cognitive and auditory abilities, even among younger normal-hearing adults.
When did you stop speaking to yourself? Adolescent development of world knowledge-based audience design
Authors: Arvidsson Caroline , Pagmar David , Uddén Julia
Published: January 2022

The ability to adapt utterances to the world knowledge of one’s addressee is undeniably ubiquitous in human social cognition, but its development and association with other cognitive mechanisms during adolescence have not been studied. In an online production task, we measured the ability of children entering adolescence (ages 11-12) and adolescents (ages 15-16) to tailor referential expressions in accordance with the inferred world knowledge of their addressee – an ability we refer to as world knowledge-based audience design. A post-test survey showed that relevant theory of mind information was accessed upon prompting in both age groups, but the younger age group did not consistently utilize this information during online production, resulting in a significantly improved world knowledge-based audience design across age groups. We also investigated the reliance of world knowledge-based audience design on cognitive control functions. Cognitive control (as reflected by performance on the Wisconsin card sorting task) increased significantly with age, but did not explain the age-related increase in audience design performance. We thus provide evidence for an adolescent development of world knowledge-based audience design over and above development of theory of mind and cognitive control.
A Depression‐Risk Mental Pattern Identified by Hidden Markov Model in Undergraduates
Authors: Yanan Chen , Ao Na , Xiao Yang , Jiang Xiaowei
Published: January 2022

Few studies have examined depression risk screening approaches. Universal depression screening in youth typically focuses on directly measuring the current distress and impairment by several kinds of depression rating scales. However, as many people have stigmatizing attitudes to individuals with depression, youths with depression were in fear of being known, and embarrassment held them back from reporting their depression symptoms. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the best, most easy access screening approach for indirectly predicting depression risks in undergraduates. Here, the depression score was ranked and viewed as the different stages in thedevelopment of depression; then, we used a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach to identify depression risks. Participants included 1247 undergraduates (female = 720, mean age = 19.86 years (std =1.31), from 17 to 25) who independently completed inventories for depressive symptoms, emo‐tion regulation, subjective well‐being (life satisfaction, negative and positive affect), and coping styles (positive and negative). Our findings indicated that the risk pattern (state 1) and the health pattern (state 2) showed distinct different rating results in emotional regulation, subjective wellbeing, and coping style. Screening for prospective risk of depression can be better accomplished by HMM incorporating subjective well‐being, emotion regulation, and coping style. This study discussed the implications for future research and evidence‐based decision‐making for depression screening initiatives.
Rationality Now! Review of Steven Pinker's 'Rationality'
Authors: Krueger Joachim Israel
Published: January 2022

Reviews Steven Pinker's (2021) 'Rationality: What it is, why it seems scarce, why it matters.’ Notes that the term 'rationality' refers to a fuzzy (but useful) set of concepts and methods. Raises questions about the sociology of rationality research.
PENGARUH LITERASI DIGITAL DAN OPTIMISME TERHADAP KEPEMIMPINAN VISIONER KEPALA SMP KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Jusnani Heri , Isjoni Isjoni , Natuna Daeng Ayub
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh literasi digital dan optimisme terhadap kepemimpinan visioner kepala SMP di Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan regresi yang dilaksanakan di Kota Pekanbaru. Sampel penelitian adalah 105 orang kepala sekolah dan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan angket. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian diperoleh pengaruh yang signifikan antara literasi digital terhadap kepemimpinan visioner, antara optimisme terhadap kepemimpinan visioner serta pengaruh yang signifikan antara literasi digital dan optimisme secara bersama-sama terhadap kepemimpinan visioner. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin baik literasi digital kepala SMP di Kota Pekanbaru maka kepemimpinan visioner akan semakin baik, demikian juga semakin baik optimisme kepala SMP di Kota Pekanbaru maka kepemimpinan visioner akan semakin baik, demikian juga bila bersama-sama. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berguna untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kompetensi literasi digital dan optimisme kepala sekolah sehingga kepemimpinan visioner kepala sekolah akan berpengaruh nyata terhadap perkembangan pendidikan di sekolah.
Time Travel in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five
Authors: Shrestha Ravi Kumar
Published: January 2022

This paper deals with Kurt Vonnegut’s experimentation with his notion of time travel in his experimental and postmodern science fiction Slaughterhouse-Five. This paper deals with some statements of problem such as why does the novelist use the idea of time travel? Why does he deconstruct traditional concept of time, traditional plot and history? To show Billy pilgrim’s time travel, the protagonist and war prisoner of Slaughterhouse at Dresden, the linear plot and mechanical/ traditional concept of time is not suitable, so the non-linear plot and the subjective/relative concept of time has been used. Qualitative research methodology has been used. Hence, the theories of Deconstruction, New Historicism and postmodern concept of time have been used. In this context, theorists such as Hengry Bergson, Albert Einstein, Jean-Francois Lyotard and so on and critics/writers such as Lois Tyson, Jago Morrison, Julie Armstrong, Todd F. Davis, OnurIsik, Daisaku Ikeda and so on have been used.
गण्डकी क्षेत्रमा प्रचलित लोकनाच {Folk Dance Popular in Gandaki Region}
Authors: रेग्मी Regmi दीनदयाल Dindayal
Published: January 2022

नेपाल लोकसंस्कृतिले सम्पन्न देशहरूमध्येको एउटा देश हो । नेपालमा आआप्नै संस्कृतिलाईआत्मसात गर्दै जीवन बिताएका धेरै जाति तथा समुदाय र विविध भाषाभाषीहरूको बसोवास रहेको छ ।हिमाल, पहाड र तराईले सुसज्जित भएको यस देशमा भौगोलिक विविधता रहेको छ । यहाँका प्रत्येकजात, जाति तथा समुदायका आआप्नै प्रकारका फरकफरक लोकसंस्कृति छन् । यहाँका हिमाली, पहाडीर तराई क्षेत्रमा बसोवास गर्नेहरूका संस्कृति एकअर्का ठाउँका व्यक्तिलाई नौला खालका अनुभव हुन्छन् ।पहाडी क्षेत्रमा पनि एउटा क्षेत्र, जिल्ला, भेक तथा गाउँका संस्कृतिमा पनि विविधता पाइन्छ । तीविविधताभित्र देखापर्ने नेपाली लोकसंस्कृतिको एउटा महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थल नेपालको गण्डकी क्षेत्र पनि हो ।यस क्षेत्रमा भएका समग्र लोकसंस्कृतिको आफ्नै महत्त्व हुँदा हुँदै पनि यस क्षेत्रमा प्रचलित लोकनृत्यलाईमात्रै यहाँ चर्चा गर्न खोजिएको छ । उद्देश्य प्राप्त गर्नका लागि स्थलगत र पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनपद्धतिअवलम्बन गर्दै प्राप्त भएका तथ्यलाई यहाँ विभिन्न बु्ँदामा समेटी प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
Penggunaan Kombinasi Replacement, Shear Key Dan Timbunan Sebagai Salah Satu Alternatif Perbaikan Tanah Ekspansif Untuk Jalan Raya
Authors: Pradipta Rafie , Wardani Mila Kusuma
Published: January 2022

Pembangunan konstruksi jalan raya diatas tanah ekspansif pada masa pasca konstruksi perlu ditinjau kembali kondisi metode perbaikan tanah yang digunakan. STA 86 +399 – STA 86 +400 mengalami kerusakan pada masa pasca konstruksi. Metode perbaikan tanah yang digunakan pada saat mengalami kerusakan yaitu dengan menambahkan Shear – Key di kaki timbunan. Penggunaan Shear – Key ini melengkapi metode perbaikan tanah sebelumnya dimana ada Replacement sedalam 1,5 m dengan Timbunan. Fungsi dari Shear – Key diharapkan dapat menjadi moisture barrier sehingga kondisi tanah dasar dapat terjaga kadar airnya. Shear - Key adalah pembuatan kaki di bawah kaki timbunan dengan dimensi tinggi 1,5 m dan lebar 4 m dengan material pasir halus yang dipadatkan. Pada STA 86+399 – STA 86+400 akan dilakukan analisis dari ketiga metode perbaikan. Dari hasil pemodelan menggunakan Seep/W menunjukkan bahwa besarnya rembesan yang terjadi dengan adanya Shear – Key kecil yaitu6x10-6 – 1x10-5 m/det dibandingkan tanpa Shear – Key sebesar 0.5 – 1 m/det. Sedangkan pada kondisi analisis stabilitas dengan adanya Shear – Key yang mengalami sedikit perubahan pada angka keamanan, besarnya bidang longsor dan kedalaman kelongsoran. Pengaruh perubahan muka air tanah pada analisis stabilitas menggunakan Shear –Key bila MAT dicoba pada kedalaman 1,0 m nilai angka kemanan turun hingga ± 4% dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan Shear – Key. Perubahan angka kemananan yang terjadi masih dikategorikan aman karena nilai SF 1.5 dengan penggunaan kombinasi perbaikan replacement, timbunan dan Shear – Key pada masa Konstruksi.
Modifikasi Struktur Jembatan Sumber Sari, Kalimantan Timur dengan menggunakan Sistem Busur
Authors: Septiarsilia Yanisfa , Fitriyah Dita Kamarul , Propika Jaka
Published: January 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan, serta dilewati oleh sungai-sungai di setiap pulaunya. Jembatan memiliki peranan yang penting di Indonesia, jembatan bentang panjang maupun bentang pendek yang menghubungkan antar pulau maupun dengan hambatan sungai telah banyak dibangun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini fokus pada Perencanaan Jembataan dengan menggunakan sistem busur baja yang mengandung nilai seni, selain memiliki struktur yang kuat, jembatan ini juga memiliki nilai estetika yang tinggi. Jembatan Sumber Sari, yang terletak di Kutai Barat, Kalimantan Timur memiliki bentang 82 m dengan 2 lajur kendaraan masing-masing selebar 4 m. Jembatan ini merupakan Jembatan bentang Panjang. Tahap awal perencanaan adalah perencanaan bangunan atas yang terdiri dari lantai kendaraan dan trotoar, gelagar memanjang dan gelagar melintang, kemudian konstruksi pemikul utama. Analisa dengan menggunakan program SAP 2000 dilakukan setelah dketahui beban – beban yang bekerja pada konstruksi tersebut untuk mendapatkan gaya – gaya dalam yang bekerja, khususnya untuk konstruksi pemikul utama dan konstruksi sekundernya. Setelah gaya – gaya tersebut diketahui besarnya maka dilakukan perhitungan kontrol tegangan dan perhitungan sambungan. Untuk struktur bangunan bawah direncanakan abutment (kepala jembatan) dengan pondasi tiang pancang.
Perbaikan Tanah Lunak Kombinasi Preloading dengan Prefabricated Vertical Drain Studi Kasus Rencana Tanggul Lapindo Porong
Authors: Hamsyah M. Noer , Utami Gati Sri
Published: January 2022

Sidoarjo mud is a volcanic mudflow disaster which until now still emits massive mud, therefore the PPLS plans to increase the construction of the embankment on the east side of the main embankment area to increase the strength of the embankment so that it can anticipate if one day there is an overflow so it does not penetrate the area. other. In the previous soil investigation stage, it was shown that the embankment area had subgrade with a relatively small N-SPT value with a thick soft soil layer up to a depth of 30 meters. The construction of this embankment is planned to be built on subgrade conditions which are classified as soft soil so that in the process before the construction of the embankment is very necessary with the improvement of the subgrade.The method of improving soft soil with thickness is proposed using a combination of preloading with PVD to accelerate settlement.To obtain a design height of 5.50 m, the required initial embankment height is 6.77 m with a compression of 1.307 m. The preloading system without the combination of PVD the time a consolidation degree of 90% (U = 90%) for 82.34 years. While the combination preloading system with PVD size 10 x 0.5 cm with a rectangular installation pattern and installation distance (S) 0.80 m, the time consolidation degree 90% (U = 90%) for 3 weeks. Implementation of gradual hoarding at a rate of 0.5 / week for 14 weeks
Pengaruh Penggunaan Batu Apung Sebagai Pengganti Agregat Kasar Ditinjau Dari Kuat Tekan
Authors: Arifin Ibram Bramasta , Pertiwi Dewi
Published: January 2022

Penggunaan beton agregat ringan dalam pekerjaan konstruksi modern sangat diminati dikarenakan mempunyai berbagai macam keuntungan – keuntungan.Diantaranya, mengurangi berat sendiri yang membutuhkan dimensi menjadi lebih kecil dan memberikan biaya yang lebih rendah.Di Indonesia pemanfaatan batu apung sebagai agregat ringan masih belum berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kuat tekan dan berat jenis beton menggunakan batu apung sebagai pengganti agregat kasar dengan variasi 5% -  20%.                                                        Dari hasil penelitian kuat tekan beton tertinggi didapat pada variasi 5%BA+20%FA dengan kuat tekan sebesar = 12,58 MPa namun belum mencapai kuat tekan beton rencana 25 MPa, hal ini disebebakan karena material yang digunakan kurang baik dan sifat batu apung  yang mempunyai penyerapan tinggi dan menyebabkan kebutuhan penggunaan air bertambah dan berdampak pada kuat tekan beton.  Sedangkan untuk berat jenis beton ringan pada variasi 20%BA+20%FA  dengan BJ = 1.963 kg/m3 dan sudah mendekati syarat beton ringan, yaitu 1900 kg/m3. Penurunan ini disebabkan oleh berat jenis batu apung yang lebih kecil dari berat jenis kerikil.
Analisis Pemilihan Material Plat Lantai pada Proyek Perumahan menggunakan Metode AHP
Authors: Nuciferani Felicia Tria , Choiriyah Siti , Aji Bagus Kusuma
Published: January 2022

Efforts to increase value with the function of a product or service in order to reduce costs without reducing quality. Value engineering research to determine the alternative design of floor plate work in residential projects, the research uses the value engineering research method which consists of stages, namely: the information stage, the analysis stage, the creative stage (alternative), the development stage (AHP method) and the recommendation stage. Retrieval of data using the interview method. Alternative floor plates used for comparison are conventional plate, AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) floor plate, dak palace floor plate and steel deck-1000 floor plate. The engineering value analysis is carried out based on the weighting of the quantitative criteria, the results of the normalized calculations and the quantitative criteria, which are then carried out by means of pairwise comparisons. The results of the analysis, the floor plate design chosen is the AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) floor plate. The recommended use of floor plates is to use AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) floor plate material with the criteria for implementation costs of 0.53.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Zat Aditif Tipe C Pada Kuat Tekan Beton
Authors: Zamroni Zamroni , Susanti Eka , Fitriyah Dita Kamarul
Published: January 2022

Dalam industri konstruksi pengembangan dan penggunaan semen campuran semakin meningkat. Hal ini bertujuan  untuk meminimalisir penggunaan semen. Penggunaan Fly ash sebagai material pengganti untuk mengurangi jumlah semen, memiliki kelebihan, diantaranya menghemat biaya dan mengurangi dampak negatif pada lingkungan. Akan tetapi, berdasarkan penelitian mutakhir, didapatkan bahwa penggunaan fly ash diatas 30% akan menurunkan kuat tekan beton. Penggunaan zat aditif berfungsi untuk kemudahan pengerjaan ataupun mempercepat pengikatan pada beton dengan maksud mempersingkat waktu pelaksanaan konstruksi di lapangan. Zat aditif tipe C (Accelerator) digunakan untuk mengurangi lamanya waktu pengeringan (hidrasi), dan mempercepat pencapaian kekuatan beton. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan pembesaran prosentase penggunaan fly ash dengan tetap mempertahankan tercapainya mutu beton rencana, yaitu dengan cara penambahan zat aditf tipe C dari berat total bahan pengikat. Prosentase penggunaan fly ash terbatasa pada prosentase 30% - 40% dari berat semen. Pada kondisi normal, kuat tekan beton akan meningkat sesuai bertambahnya umur beton. Pada umumnya pada umur 7 hari, kuat tekan beton akan mencapai 65% dan pada umur 14 hari akan mencapai 88% - 90% dari kuat tekan beton umur 28 hari. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa kuat tekan untuk beton normal dan beton dengan fly ash mengalami penurunan kekuatan terhadap beton normal untuk umur 14, 28, 56 hari. Persentase penurunan kekuatan tertinggi terjadi pada penggunaan fly ash sebesar 40% pada hari ke-56, yaitu sebesar -7,66% terhadap beton normal. Tetapi masih memenuhi kuat tekan rencana diumur beton 28 hari yaitu 25,99 Mpa.
Analisis Perhitungan Struktur Bangunan Tahan Gempa dengan Kolam Renang Berdasarkan SNI 1726:2019
Authors: Istiono Heri , Khoe Letisia
Published: January 2022

The needs of Indonesian people for places to live and work keeps increasing along with the improvement of its population growth. Unfortunately, the areas for developing buildings get decreasing. One of solution for overcoming this problem is by conducting vertical development such as building an apartment. Many apartments with various innovations have been developed by developers to attract consumers such as the existence of swimming pool on the top of building. However, this sort of vertical development plan is very prone to earthquake as Indonesia has high potential of it. This research analyzed the structural behavior of buildings with and without swimming pool. In addition, it analyzed the need of reinforcement for apartment building structure with swimming pool on the top of building toward the seismic load based on SNI 1726:2019. The analysis of seismic load employed spectrum response method. Meanwhile, the need of reinforcement was analyzed based on the plan of dual system by combining Special Moment Resisting Frame System and Special Structural Wall System. The control upon the structural behavior involved the provision of greater drift and period of building structure with swimming pool than without it. The results of research demonstrated that the need of reinforcement for both floor plate thicknesses was Ø10-100. The needs of beam reinforcement in the dimension 350/500 were 5D19 for pedestal area and 3D19 for ground area. Besides, column 750/750 required reinforcement 28D32, whereas the area of beam-column connections necessitated reinforcement 3 feet Ø16-100. The shear wall in 350 mm thick needed 2 rows reinforcement of 28D36. The wall of swimming pool planned in 150 mm thick required reinforcement Ø10-100. Furthermore, the plate for swimming pool base in 200 mm thick demanded reinforcement of Ø10-50 for pedestal area and Ø10-100 for ground area.
Pemodelan Bangkitan Pergerakan pada Perumahan Griya Citra Asri Kota Surabaya
Authors: Putra Kurnia Hadi , Effendi Muhammad Reza Fikma
Published: January 2022

As an industrial city in west Surabaya exactly Margomulyo industrial area, Surabaya city has numerous housings to support people’s needs such as Griya Citra Asri (GCA) residence. Consequently, the road performances are decreasing and eventually disrupt the activities and movement for both humans and goods from inside and outside the town, for instance traffic congestion, accident, and limited vehicle speed which does not meet the speed plan.  Therefore, this research aimed at investigating the characteristics of trip among people living in this housing area. Besides, it was also intended for figuring out the model of trip generation of people at Griya Citra Asri Surabaya residence using multiple linear regression. The best model for movement generation obtained Y = -0.808 + 0.156 + 0.083 + 0.166 + 0.665 + 0.165 + 0.170 + 0.091 having R2 = 0.997, F count = 9966700, in which X1 = total family members, X2 = total revenue, X3 = total family members who are working,  X4 = total family members who are schooling, X5 = total vehicles, X6 = total cars, and X7 = total travel distances. Accordingly, there were 2 dominant factors affecting the trip generation at Griya Citra Asri Surabaya housing namely total family members who are schooling (X4) and total cars (X6).
Perencanaan Estimasi Biaya K3 pada Proyek Pembangunan Kantor di Surabaya
Authors: Anam Syaiful , Caroline Jenny
Published: January 2022

Every construction work must have a big influence on work accidents. Occupational safety and health (K3) issues in construction services in general are often ignored. This shows the number of work accidents in this sector. Facts in the field of occupational safety and health (K3) implementation are still rarely done, because it only takes away time, first, it costs quite a lot for K3 needs. Therefore, this research will examine the planning of the Estimated Cost of Risk Prevention and OHS Supervision Costs in Office Construction Projects in Surabaya. The method used is making direct observations in the field, identifying accidents in the field, analyzing each sub-job in fulfilling K3 needs, interviews, officers and taking documentation in the field. From this research obtained for the cost (K3) Rp. 51,975,000, - and for the contract fee is Rp. 3,250,336,000, - so the percentage is 1.62%. The K3 needs evaluation plan is carried out using SNI and ANSI standards. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the OSH costs do not have a major effect on the overall project costs if calculated in detail, precisely with the K3 financing calculations it will be younger for companies to see the OHS costs that will be used for the Kalidami office building construction project in Surabaya.
Dampak Abrasi Pulau Tiban, Desa Kartikajaya Kecamatan Patebon Kabupaten Kendal
Authors: Liawan Distira Andy , Haris Mahmud Abdul
Published: January 2022

In mid-2017 there was a fairly large storm on the north coast of Java which resulted in quite a large amount of coastal abrasion in the tourist attraction "Pulau Tiban" Kartikajaya Village, Patebon District, Kendal Regency, so that tourism activities stopped. This research aims to determine the process of abrasion and the impact felt by the surrounding community due to the destruction of the tourist attraction "Pulau Tiban" in Kartikajaya Village. While the method used is observation with remote sensing methods, namely using the Google Earth application to determine the level of abrasion process from year to year and interviews to determine the impact of abrasion on tourist attraction activities. From the observations, it can be seen that sedimentation and accretion occurred from 2013 to 2017, experiencing a significant increase, reaching a maximum area of more than 8.2 hectares with an annual average of 1.27 hectares. Meanwhile, the abrasion that occurred in the 2017 to 2019 period and almost submerged the “Pulau Tiban” Beach Tourism Object of 2.5 ha/year. With the SPSS 26.0 application in 2020, the level of validity can be seen by comparing r count with Sig 1-tailed, data validity is seen if r count ? Sig.1-tailed with a significance of 0.05 or 5%. To find r table, where df=N-2 then r table is 0.3172 while the value of the sample question gets the value of r count=0.778 which is greater than the value of r table = 0.3172 so that the question is said to be valid.
Kinerja Jaringan Irigasi Tingkat Tersier untuk Wilayah Pertanian Daerah Irigasi Kenconorejo UPTD-P2PU Wilayah II Subah
Authors: Ghassani Dewi Bussaina , Suwarso Suwarso
Published: January 2022

Irrigation is an important factor in the world of agriculture, Batang Regency is one of the regencies where the majority of the population is farmers. There are several sources or uses of water in agricultural irrigation, including by making a weir or dam. Batang Regency has several technical weirs including the Kenconorejo weir. Kenconorejo Weir Building has several complementary buildings including the weir lighthouse, weir drain door, intake gate, drainage gate and tertiary channel. The tertiary network of the Kenconorejo Irrigation Area has a total length of 8,050 m and a total agricultural area of 712 ha. With quite a long tertiary channel in the tertiary network of the Kenconorejo Irrigation Area, some of the tertiary buildings were damaged, including in the Jrakahpayung Village and Karanggeneng Villages. The results of the calculation of the discharge of tertiary channels in Kenconorejo are obtained, Jrakahpayung Village 36 l/sec with a land area of 18 ha, Kedungsegog 320 l/sec with a land area of 210 ha, Kenconorejo1 212 l / sec with an area of 150 ha, Kenconorejo2 260 l/sec with an area of 148 ha, Ponowareng Village 185 l / sec with an area of 120 ha, and the last is Karanggeneng Village with a total discharge of 94 l / sec and an area of 66 ha. And with the existence of several damaged small complementary buildings, this is of course homework for the PSDA Office which has the authority to manage irrigation systems in a government agency.
Analisa Dampak Saluran Lindi Terhadap Lingkungan Dilihat Dari Aspek Pengelolaan TPA
Authors: Busanto Ayu Nur Fitriani , Rahmadyanti Erina
Published: January 2022

Waste problem occurs in Blitar City is the Ngegong Final Processing Site (Landfill), which only has an area of 5,095 hectares. Meanwhile, the increasing number of people will certainly lead to more and more piles of garbage. The landfill in Blitar City is now filled with around 143,700 m3 of the total capacity of 177,000 m3. Currently, it is only able to accommodate about 33,300 m3 of waste.Therefore, land expansion is needed to accommodate landfill in the next 10 years. After calculating using the geometric method, it is known that the expansion of the landfill requires an area of 1.24 hectares. At the same time, population growth in 2030 is estimated to reach 598,918 people by assuming the projected volume of landfills in 2030 is around 141.69 tonnes. Therefore,the need for waste management facilities and infrastructure in 2030 is predicted to be 25 units in the form of garbage carts accompanied by 6 units of other waste transportation fleets in the form of arm roll trucks. Subsequently, this is a common problem in the city where the handlers need side-by-side steps between the community and the government with waste at its source and preserve the 3R culture in the community.
Pengaruh Abu Sekam Sebagai Subtistusi Semen terhadap Slump Flow dan Berat Isi pada Flowing Concrete
Authors: Rochmah Nurul , Sutriono Bantot , Beatrix Michella , Pertiwi Dew
Published: January 2022

In a construction project, the presence of dense reinforcement between reinforcement has its own problems when casting, namely when compaction it is very difficult to use a vibrator because of the density between the reinforcement. To minimize the negative impact of this, flowing concrete is made so that without using a vibrator, the concrete will self-compact properly. The constituent materials of flowing concrete are aggregate, cement and water. In the process of making cement production will produce carbon dioxide in the air, resulting in air pollution due to cement manufacture. To minimize the impact of air pollution due to cement, in this study, we tried one of the constituents of flowing concrete, namely partially substituted cement, so as to minimize air pollution. In this study, rice husk ash, which is the residue from burning rice husks, was used as a partial substitution of cement. The method used is conducting research in the laboratory. In this study, the variation of husk ash as a cement substitution was 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 12.5% with the addition of 1.5% superplasticizer. From the results of the study, the smallest diameter of slump flow was 53.17 cm in a mixture of 10% rice husk ash. The largest dry concrete density value is 2482.77 kg/m3 at 10% rice husk ash mixture. The conclusion that can be drawn is that based on slump flow and dry concrete density, the optimal substitution percentage for rice husk ash is 10 percent.
Analisis Keterlambatan Proyek Jalur Pejalan Kaki (Studi Kasus: Jalur Pedestrian Jalan Kandang Roda – Pakansari)
Authors: Maharani Rosa Kartika , Yunita Suwandari Dian
Published: January 2022

The purpose of Kandang Roda – Pakansari Pedestrian Project is to supporting pedestrians to be more comfortable, safe and also to make the face of the capital city of Bogor Regency be more attractive for tourism. The purpose of research is to identify major factors that contribute the most on project delays. The research is using quantitative methods and questionnaire towards the employee of DINAS PUPR Bogor Regency as the owner and the employee of PT. Vanca Utama Perkasa as the main contractors. The questionnaire will be collected using SPSS software. The research is required to avoid similar fault and causing many loss. The results of research said that Environment Factor (X.6) is being the major factor that affect delays on this project according to Statistic Descriptive Analysis test. The factor had 4.00 mean bigger than others, with Availability of utilities (cables); PLN, Telkom, PDAM, Fiber Optic which are underground as the indicato (X6.11). The result is support by T Test with a probability value of 0.0000 which means that partially there is a significant influence between these variables and project delays
Potensi Bangkitan Penumpang Lintas Jombang-Babat Dalam Menentukan Pemilihan Moda
Authors: Agustin Theresia Maria C , Firdausi Mutiara , Choiriyah Siti
Published: January 2022

In order to serve the movement of passengers an unravel congestion, East Java Government plans to develop its infrastructure and revive the railway lines. Jombang has been selected as the entrance of Gerbangkertosusilo area and is a suitable place for investment. This research attempts to reveal the potential and the movement of passengers that would accur from bus to train, so that the movement probability value and utility value of the bus toward train can be obtained. The survey was conduted in Jombang Kepuhsari Bus Terminal and Babat Market using analytical methods of ststed Preference with variables of Travel Expense (AX1), Travel Time (AX2) and Frequensy of Departeru (AX3). From the results, a model that influence the selevtion of transportation modes is acknowledged, namely (Y=0,403 + 0.032 (AX3). (Y=0,377 + 0,000003076 AX1 + (0,033 AX2), and (Y= 0,346 + 0.00001356 AX1 – 0.031 AX2 + 0.007 AX2). The passengers has potential to switch from bus to train of intersection of the transport system, with a differenc of IDR 6.000,00 of travel expence variable. And variable of Travel Time of 60 minutes and 2 times Frequence Departure
EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF A RESIDUAL WOUND CAVITY ON A BALISTIC PLASTICINE USING CONVENTIONAL AND HOLLOW POINT BULLETS
Authors: Lurin I.A , Tsema Ie.V. , Gumenuik K.V. , Susak Ya. V. , Dubenko D. Ye. , Tsema Ye. Ie.
Published: January 2022

Relevance. Local armed conflicts of recent decades around the world are characterized by the use of hollow point (HP) bullets, which is another challenge for military surgeons. This confirms the importance for scientific research, in particular, experimental, aimed at studying the ballistic properties of various types of ammunition and the characteristics of the injuries caused by them in the wounded people. Simulation of a gunshot wound canal is an integral stage in the study of the gunshot wounds formation mechanism and is the subject of research in wound ballistics.

Objective of the work is to develop an experimental model for ballistic imitation of the plastic deformation of biological tissues caused by the action of HP and non-HP bullets.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on 40 blocks of ballistic plasticine, in each of which one shot was fired from an AKS-74 assault rifle and a ZBROYAR Z-10 carbine. Depending on the type of ammunition, the blocks of ballistic plasticine were divided into 4 groups: group I - 10 blocks, into which shots were made with non-HP military cartridges 5.45 mm with "PS" bullets with a steel core "7N6"; Group II (10 blocks) - 5.45x39 mm cartridges with V-Max HP bullets; group ІІІ (10 blocks) - with cartridges 7.62x39 mm; group IV (10 blocks) - cartridges 7.62x39 mm with HP bullets of the "SP" type.

Results. It was found that when using non-HP bullets, the outer area of ​​the inlet ball hole correlates with the projectile caliber (1.6 times more than when using 7.62 mm bullets). For HP bullets, the caliber of the projectile does not significantly affect the area of ​​the entrance opening (P <0.05). The expanding properties of the bullet significantly increase the area of ​​the bullet hole by 14.87-31.2 times compared to non-HP ammunition. An increase in the caliber of non-HP bullets leads to a significant increase in the area of ​​the sagittal section of the residual wound cavity by 1.59-2.03 times; The expanding properties of bullets of different calibers have a different effect on the volume of the residual wound cavity: for 5.45 mm bullets, the residual wound cavity increases 1.49 times, for 7.62 mm bullets it decreases 1.65 times.

Conclusions. The type of small arms, the caliber of the cartridge, its expanding properties affect the spatial configuration of the main ballistic indicators arising in the proposed model of plastic deformation of soft tissues. The use of HP bullets leads to the formation of a larger volume of irreversible damage due to plastic deformation in comparison with non-HP analogs.