bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of REBOA in the universe of magical realism: a real-world review
Authors: Manzano-Nuñez Ramiro , Chica-Yanten Julián , Naranjo Maria P. , Caicedo-Holguin Isabella , Ordoñez Juliana M. , McGreevy David , Puyana Juan C. , Hörer Tal M. , Moore Ernest E. , García Alberto F.
Published: May 2021

While reading the novella “Chronicle of a Death Foretold” by the Colombian Nobel Laureate Gabriel García-Marquez, we were surprised to realize that the injuries sustained by the main character could have been successfully treated had he received modern trauma care in which REBOA may have been considered. This is a discussion of Mr. Nasar's murder to explore whether he could have been saved by deploying REBOA as a surgical adjunct to bleeding control and resuscitation. In reading García-Marquez's novel we noted the events that unfolded at the time of Santiago Nasar's murder. To contextualize the claim that Mr. Nasar could have survived, had his injuries been treated with REBOA, we explored and illustrated what could have done differently and why. On the day of his death, Mr. Nasar sustained multiple penetrating stab wounds. Although he received multiple stab wounds to his torso, the book describes seven potentially fatal injuries, resulting in hollow viscus, solid viscus, and major vascular injuries. We provided a practical description of the clinical and surgical management algorithm we would have followed in Mr. Nasar's case. This algorithm included the REBOA deployment for hemorrhage control and resuscitation. The use of REBOA as part of the surgical procedures performed could have saved Mr. Nasar's life. Based on our current knowledge about REBOA in trauma surgery, we claim that its use, coupled with appropriate surgical care for hemorrhage control, could have saved Santiago Nasar's life, and thus prevent a death foretold.
Efficacy of cannabinoids in fibromyalgia: a literature review
Authors: Mayorga Anaya Henry Jair , Torres Ortiz María Paula , Flórez Valencia Daniel Hernando , Gomezese Ribero Omar Fernando
Published: May 2021

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease of unclear etiology, involving a neural oversensitization and impaired pain modulation, in addition to a clinical deficiency of the endocannabinoid system. Fibromyalgia is associated with a number of somatic and psychological disorders and hence multiple pharmacological approaches have been used, including   opioids, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and more recently medical cannabis. This narrative review comprises a review of the current literature on the efficacy of   cannabinoids in fibromyalgia. The studies describe a possible influence of cannabis on pain control in patients with fibromyalgia, with positive effects on quality of life and sleep. The use of cannabis seems to be beneficial in patients with fibromyalgia; however, more robust studies are still needed to establish is actual efficacy in pain management, quality of life and improvement of associated symptoms.
MEMORIAL SITE AS COMMITMENT SPACE.
IDEOLOGICAL AND ARTISTIC CONCEPT OF THE
MUSEUM AND MEMORIAL SITE IN SOBIBÓR
Authors: Błotnicka-Mazur Elżbieta
Published: May 2021

The implementation of the new ideological and
artistic concept of the Museum and Memorial Site in Sobibór
on the site of the former Nazi German death camp selected
in the 2013 competition is discussed. The winning design is
analysed; apart from the arranging of the area of the former
camp, it also envisaged raising of a museum, the latter stage
already completed with the building opened to the public
in 2020. The concept of ‘commitment space’ is proposed by
the Author as best characterising a memorial site created on
the premises of the former Nazi concentration camps and
death camps for the people of Jewish descent. As a departure
point, earlier examples of commemorating similar sites
are recalled, beginning with the early monuments from the
1940s, through the 1957 competition for the International
Monument to the Victims of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Camp,
the latter of major impact on the process of the redefinition
of monuments. The then awarded design of the The Road
Monument by Oskar Hansen and his team, however unimplemented
owing to the protest of former Auschwitz prisoners,
became from that time onwards a benchmark for subsequent
concepts. Also the mentioned memorial design on the area of
the former Belzec extermination camp from 2004 is related to
James E. Young’s concept of a counter-monument.
The main subject of the paper’s analysis is, however, the
reflection on means thanks to which the currently mounted
Museum and Memorial Site in Sobibór, including the permanent display at the newly-raised Museum, become
‘commitment space’ for contemporary public on different
perception levels of their multi-sensual activity essential
in the process of remembrance.
A FERROVIA E A CONSTRUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO SOCIAL DE CAMPO GRANDE-MS
Authors: Machado Flavia Cristina Albuquerque Palhares , Castilho Maria Augusta de , Yonamine Sergio Seiko
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo serão analisadas as práticas espaciais que envolveram o complexo ferroviário da Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil e suas relações com o sítio urbano de Campo Grande/ MS, desde a celebração da sua chegada até a negação da sua presença com a retirada dos trilhos urbanos e posterior atribuição de novos usos. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica com atenção a obra de Henri Lefebvre, é proposta uma reflexão sobre o sentido do espaço social como expressão material síntese das práticas sociais de um determinado grupo ao longo do tempo; concluindo-se que a convivência dos habitantes de Campo Grande com o trem e os aspectos desta relação são constituintes da tessitura socioespacial da cidade e mesmo a ausência do trem na vida urbana não diminui a sua importância, registrada no espaço social da cidade.
A ARQUITETURA DE ANTON BENJAMIN FLODERER: UM DISCÍPULO DE OTTO WAGNER NO BRASIL
Authors: Vianna Neto Liszt
Published: May 2021

Este artigo trata da trajetória de Anton Benjamin Floderer - arquiteto austríaco, ex-aluno de Otto Wagner, ativo no campo arquitetônico berlinense - que imigrou para o Rio de Janeiro em 1923, quando associou-se a arquitetos imigrados como R. Prentice e A. Buddeus.
PRODUÇÃO TÉCNICO-CIENTÍFICA E O PLANEJAMENTO URBANO TERRITORIAL DE POÇOS DE CALDAS DE 1970 A 2020
Authors: Cardoso Francisco José , Freire Ériclis Pimenta Freire , Bueno Laura Machado de Mello
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho discute as atividades técnico-científicas e o planejamento urbano na cidade de Poços de Caldas. As bases analíticas são apresentadas na forma de um “breve histórico da legislação urbana”, num contexto jurídico municipal e federal. Trabalhos técnicos e acadêmicos de temas específicos da cidade e de “Planejamento Urbano” em geral, são citados e comentados a partir da realidade do município. São também apresentados trabalhos relacionados ao “estado da arte” do urbanismo no Brasil. Destaca-se a “Constituição Federal de 1988” como um marco jurídico no Planejamento Urbano Brasileiro, e como instrumento básico na ordenação do território.
Timing of transitional justice mechanisms and the implications for the South Sudan peace process
Authors: Magara Ibrahim Sakawa
Published: May 2021

The South Sudan peace agreement provides for transitional justice mechanisms aimed at fostering justice and reconciliation. They include the Commission for Truth, Reconciliation and Healing (CTRH) and the Hybrid Court for South Sudan (HCSS). Drawing on qualitative data obtained from interviews, document reviews, and archival research conducted between October 2019 and June 2020 in Addis Ababa, Kampala, and Nairobi, this study delves into the current transitional justice discourses in South Sudan with a particular focus on truth-telling and accountability. The study finds that key contestations relate to when to initiate and implement transitional justice mechanisms, warning that, if not carefully timed, those mechanisms may have a negative impact on the peace process.
Historical injustices and transitional justice interventions in Kenya: victims� and interveners� experiences and perceptions
Authors: Wambua Muema
Published: May 2021

This article examines historical injustices and transitional justice interventions that were initiated after the 2007 electoral conflict in the quest for conflict transformation in Kenya. During the mediation led by Kofi Annan that culminated in the signing of the National Accord in February 2008, transitional justice was emphasised as critical in attaining conflict transformation. In response, the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC) and International Criminal Court (ICC) interventions initiated a complementary restorative�retributive approach in the pursuit of transitional justice in the country. Based on content analysis of fieldwork data extracted from twenty-five focus group discussions within a sampled cluster of ten counties, this study examines and presents the experiences and perceptions of victims of historical injustices, on the one hand, and the experiences and perceptions of interveners of conflict transformation programmes, on the other hand. This is with a view to explicating the outcomes and impacts of transitional justice interventions in conflict transformation in Kenya in the post-National Accord era. In the findings, a key argument is raised that unresolved three-tier historical injustices remain critical constraints in the pursuit of transitional justice and in the quest for effective conflict transformation in Kenya.
RETRATO DA CIÊNCIA AMAZÔNICA: BOLETINS DO MUSEU PARAENSE EMÍLIO GOELDI
Authors: Ono Elaynia Cristina Vicente , Freitas Guaciara
Published: May 2021

Em uma articulação entre edição, cultura e história, este artigo analisa como a fase de criação do Boletim do Museu Paraense, contribuiu com a consolidação do periódico científico mais antigo em circulação no Brasil. Realizamos pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, com abordagem quantitativa/qualitativa e análise exploratória de conteúdo. Aqui focalizamos um período da trajetória dos Boletins, de 1894 a 1914 e adotamos a produção gráfica, a edição e a circulação como alguns dos marcadores desta sistematização. Concluímos que apesar dos conhecimentos necessários à editoração na época, decorrerem da xilografia, zincografia e “correlativas artes gráficas”, e da carência de recursos humanos e materiais, os aspectos visuais foram reconhecidos como fundamentais ao fortalecimento de um circuito comunicativo na Amazônia e a partir dela.
A model of interaction of travelers, parking agency and authorities for optimization free and paid parking
Authors: Koryagin Evgenyevich Mark , Vylegzhanin Igor
Published: May 2021

The system of two parking lots is researched: paid and free. The task of the city authorities is to determine part of the land for parking agency. The agency selects the best parking fee, and travelers determine which parking to choose. The goals of each participant are different: passengers attempt to minimize the loss of time and parking fees, the agency maximizes profits, and the city thinks about the public good (in this case, about all travelers). The mutual dependence of participants leads to the need to apply game theory to describe their interaction. The mathematical model defines restrictions on the parameters for existence Nash equilibrium. The numerical example that does not contradict the existing picture of the world is considered.
The Design and Construction of the Second Pride of Baltimore
Authors: Gillmer Thomas C.
Published: May 2021

The PRIDE of Baltimore II was ordered to be built as a result of the tragic loss of her predecessor. She is not, however, a simple replacement. The purpose is, of course, to continue and extend the mission so success­fully advanced during the more than nine years of nearly continuous sailing commission of "PRIDE I". This program is at the core of her design.

She is, in configuration, sailplan, and material, a traditional fore-topsail schooner, typical of those built in Baltimore early in the 19th Century. She is very much in appear­ance like the first vessel, built 1976-77, which she replaces. Her design and structure, however, are considerably more advanced. Using contemporary techniques and tools in both design and construction she is, we believe, one of the finest wooden schooners of this size to be built. It is the purpose of this paper to describe some of the design and construction features that make this vessel unique.
The Effect of Counter Length on Hull Resistance
Authors: Claughton Andrew R.
Published: May 2021

Towing Tank tests on a single 2.4 m LOA model hull form with 3 alternative counter lengths, and 2 alternative rudder configurations have been carried out in the Southampton Towing Tank. The results were used to derive predictions of full scale resistance curves for a 10m L WL racing yacht. In addition to the resistance data, sinkage and, trim were measured. Wave profile measurements were also made to determine the influence of counter length on the hull generated waves. The resistance curves are presented for the 5 configurations investigated and the results are compared with published regression analysis methods of estimating hull resistance based on geometric hull parameters.
The Effect of Pitch Gyradius on Added Resistance of Yacht Hulls
Authors: Moran James F.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of pitch gyradius on added resistance of yacht hulls. Tank testing of a model yacht in head seas was performed in the Webb Robinson Model Basin. The model was tested in regular waves at two speeds and five variations of gyradius. The model was also evaluated in irregular seas of the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum at various speeds with two gyradii. Response Amplitude Operators were developed from the regular wave data and comparisons made. The irregular wave data were analyzed for the effect of speed on the difference in added resistance between the maximum and minimum gyradius settings.

Several conclusions were arrived at after analyzing the data. The Response Amplitude Operaters shift as the gyradius changes. In regular waves, at low frequencies of encounter, a lower, gyradius resulted in less added frequencies of encounter in regular waves, this trend reverses itself and the higher gyradii result in reduced added resistance. However, at higher frequencies of encounter in regular waves, this trend reverses, reverses itself in reduced added resistance. The peaks of the RAO curves shift to higher frequencies at higher gyradii. It was also concluded that at the higher speed, Froude Number of 0.3, the added resistance was lower relative to the still-water resistance for each gyradius tested. The irregular wave testing revealed the effect of the lower frequencies dominating the irregular wave spectrum. The minimum gyradius, in irregular seas showed less added resistance than the maximum gyradius. In addition, the irregular wave testing verified, the reduction of added resistance, relative to still-water resistance, at increasing speeds for both the minimum and maximum gyradii.
The Development of the B&R Rig, Structural Space Frame and Tripod Support System with Integrated Boom
Authors: Bergstrom Lars , Ridder Sven Olof
Published: May 2021

B&R Designs began business in the early sixties when Sven Ridder and Lars Bergstrom began sailing after studying aeronautical engineering. The principles learnt during their aeronautical studies were applied to sailboats and the goal, for them, has been to take up the structural loads in the most constructive way. Access to the wind tunnels, test tanks and structural testing facilities at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm enabled them to develop and test many ideas. One of these ideas evolved into the B&R rig.

The objective was to develop a rig that was more 'user friendly'. Sailboats, thirty years ago and even today, are often fitted with inner forestays and running backstays requiring careful attention by the crew when tacking or jibing. A rig with less demands was the goal, one that was simpler and any mistakes made when tacking or jibing would not jeopardize the boat or crew. Also a simpler rig would require fewer crew members. Safety was another important consideration - a rig that was simple, easy to manage, suitable for a couple or family for cruising.

During this rig development period the first application of the rigid boom vang concept was used on Sven Ridder's own sailboat 'Christina Windex'.

Calculations and model testing of rigs were carried out. Optimizing the aerodynamic effect in the most favorable way was a very important aim. A series of wind tunnel tests were done to optimize the shape of mast sections. Because of the low wind speeds over a mast, laminar separation occurs very easily. Air scoops were set up on either side of the mast to achieve an attached flow. The best results occurred with an oval shaped mast section, fitted with a sail groove recessed in a V shaped area at the rear of the mast section.
Title should read as “Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation study of β carbonic anhydrase of Ascaris lumbricoides” in Yadav & Khandelwal, (2019)
Authors: M Yadav
Published: May 2021

Title should read as “Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation study of β carbonic anhydrase of Ascaris lumbricoides” in Yadav & Khandelwal, (2019)
The Effect of Mothers’ Inappropriate Smart Device Usage Habits on Preschoolers’ Cognitive Ability: Sequential Mediating Effect of Preschoolers’ Smart Device Immersion Tendency and Self-regulation
Authors: An Su Mi , Kang Min Ju
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the pathways between mothers’ inappropriate smart device usage habits, preschoolers’ immersion tendency and self-regulation, and children’s cognitive ability. The subjects of the study were 308 preschoolers aged 4 and 5 years and their mothers in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Incheon, Gangwon-do, Daejeon, Busan, and Mokpo. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation using the SPSS 25 program. A sequential mediation model was analyzed using the AMOS 22 program. Mothers’ inappropriate smart device usage habits were found to have a negative effect on the preschoolers’ self-regulation, and this association was mediated by the preschoolers’ smart device immersion tendency. These findings show the mechanisms through which mothers’ inappropriate smart device usage habits negatively affect preschoolers’ smart device immersion and self-regulation which, in turn, has a negative impact on cognitive ability
The Impact of Job Demands and Organizational Culture on Work Performance, Burnout, and Job Satisfaction in Healthy Family and Multicultural Family Support Centers during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Koh Sun Kang , Park Jeong Yun , Chin Meejung
Published: May 2021

This study examined the impact of job demand and organizational culture on new task difficulties, burnout, and job satisfaction using a survey data of 145 family specialists in Healthy Family and Multicultural Family Support during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the job demand-resources model and the competing values model to categorize the four dimensions of organizational culture as a conceptual framework for this study. We found that the mean of work overload was higher than the means of job conflict and job ambiguity. Our latent profile analysis proposed four profiles of organizational culture: cultural absence type, authoritative culture type, middle cultural balance type, and high cultural balance type. The results of multiple regression analyses showed that work overload was positively associated with difficulties in new task performance and burnout, job ambiguity was positively related to burnout, and job conflict and ambiguity were negatively related to job satisfaction. These findings imply that the higher the job demands reported by family specialists, the higher the level of burnout and the lower the job satisfaction. In addition, organizational culture was a unique predictor of burnout and lower level of job satisfaction. Family specialists in the groups with a high cultural balance were Family specialists in the groups with a high cultural balance were more likely to have lower levels of burnout than those in the culture absence and in the middle culture balance, and higher job satisfaction than the other groups. The results suggest that management strategies to build a creative workplace culture can prevent burnout and improve job satisfaction.
A Study on the Changes in Consumer Perceptions of the Relationship between Ethical Consumption and Consumption Value: Focusing on Analyzing Ethical Consumption and Consumption Value Keyword Changes Using Big Data
Authors: Shin Eunjung , Koh Ae-Ran
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze big data to identify the sub-dimensions of ethical consumption, as well as the consumption value associated with ethical consumption that changes over time. For this study, data were collected from Naver and Daum using the keyword ‘ethical consumption’ and frequency and matrix data were extracted through Textom, for the period January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. In addition, a twoway mode network analysis was conducted using the UCINET 6.0 program and visualized using the NetDraw function. The results of text mining show increasing keyword frequency year-on-year, indicating that interest in ethical consumption has grown. The sub-dimensions derived for 2014 and 2015 are fair trade, ethical consumption, eco-friendly products, and cooperatives and for 2016 are fair trade, ethical consumption, eco-friendly products and animal welfare. The results of deriving consumption value keywords were classified as emotional value, social value, functional value and conditional value. The influence of functional value was found to be growing over time. Through network analysis, the relationship between the sub-dimensions of ethical consumption and consumption values derived each year from 2014 to 2018 showed a significantly strong correlation between eco-friendly product consumption and emotional value, social value, functional value and conditional value.
A high rate of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a large-scale survey on Arabs
Authors: Qunaibi Eyad A , Helmy Mohamed , Basheti Iman , Sultan Iyad
Published: May 2021

Background:

Vaccine hesitancy can limit the benefits of available vaccines in halting the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. Previously published studies paid little attention to Arab countries, which has a population of over 440 million. In this study, we present the results of the first large-scale multinational study that measures vaccine hesitancy among Arab-speaking subjects.

Methods:

An online survey in Arabic was conducted from 14 January 2021 to 29 January 2021. It consisted of 17 questions capturing demographic data, acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine, attitudes toward the need for COVID-19 vaccination and associated health policies, and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. R software v.4.0.2 was used for data analysis and visualization.

Results:

The survey recruited 36,220 eligible participants (61.1% males, 38.9% females, mean age 32.6 ± 10.8 years) from all the 23 Arab countries and territories (83.4%) and 122 other countries (16.6%). Our analysis shows a significant rate of vaccine hesitancy among Arabs in and outside the Arab region (83% and 81%, respectively). The most cited reasons for hesitancy are concerns about side effects and distrust in health care policies, vaccine expedited production, published studies and vaccine producing companies. We also found that female participants, those who are 30–59 years old, those with no chronic diseases, those with lower level of academic education, and those who do not know the type of vaccine authorized in their countries are more hesitant to receive COVID-19 vaccination. On the other hand, participants who regularly receive the influenza vaccine, health care workers, and those from countries with higher rates of COVID-19 infections showed more vaccination willingness. Interactive representation of our results is posted on our project website at https://mainapp.shinyapps.io/CVHAA.

Conclusions:

Our results show higher vaccine hesitancy and refusal among Arab subjects, related mainly to distrust and concerns about side effects. Health authorities and Arab scientific community have to transparently address these concerns to improve vaccine acceptance.

Funding:

This study received no funding.
Action and Reaction of Plants to High Temperature: Improving Response of Wheat to Heat Stress
Authors: Tumebo Lemma Abayneh
Published: May 2021

All estimates suggest that by 2050, upto 50% increase in food production will be required to feed the world population. Wheat is the second most important crop after rice and by 2050, wheat production needs to be increased by 60% for socio-economic stability. However, the climate change induced global warming will have adverse effect on crop plants including wheat. To deal with the crop yield decrease influenced by global warming, an indepth study of heat induced morpho-physiological and molecular changes in wheat will result in better understanding of the plant. This review focuses on the impact of high temperature on the morphological, physiological, reproductive development and signaling in plants.
Day Case Surgery: The Way Forward for Elective Surgery in Developing Countries
Authors: Wismayer Richard
Published: May 2021

The established principle of ambulating surgical patients as early as possible lies behind the concept of day case surgery currently being practised worldwide. There is a lag in day surgery practise between the developed and the developing world. In the last decades, freestanding and autonomous day surgery units have been established in the developed world however the developing world still tends to practise hospital based day case surgery. This article reviews the evolution, organization and infrastructure for day case surgery and evaluates this practise in developing countries. There is increasing need to develop the potential and relevance of day case surgery in developing countries which may result in substantial economic benefits. The health sectors in developing countries are coping with scarce resources and therefore day case surgery is an economically better option providing more advantages to patients as well as stakeholders. Surgical societies in developing countries should work closely with the Associations of Surgery in developed countries to establish infrastructure and guidelines to promote day case surgery in developing countries in East Africa.
Experimental Design of Physical Unconfined Aquifer for Evaluation of Well Abstraction Effects: Laboratory Approach
Authors: Khadka Dak Bahadur
Published: May 2021

In unconfined aquifer water flows in both horizontal and vertical direction when pumping. So its study during pumping action is more complex. Soil type, porosity, hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity are important parameters that control the specific yield, drawdown and radius of influence on aquifer while abstraction. Due to large extraction of water from the aquifer, the water table drops down and may lead to permanent depletion of yield capacity of aquifer. For practical understanding of water being pumped from aquifer and its impacts on water storage the easiest method is experimental approach .So therefore, this study was planned to carry out the well abstraction from unconfined aquifer of homogeneous sandy soil designed as physical model on rainfall simulator at hydraulic laboratory hall of Campus itself. The catchment dimension is 2.2 meter length, 1 meter width and 0.15 meter depth with impermeable base filled with fine sand as per specification. The simulator was adjusted to make horizontal aquifer. The experimental observations were carried out in two conditions, first was well abstraction with no rainfall after saturation and the second is with rainfall even after saturation condition obtained. The two wells were operated for the abstraction of water simultaneously so that the effect of one well to another could be studied. After observation and data collection, for the analysis of hydraulic conductivity Dupit model. Empirical model and relative effective porosity model (REPM) were used for the comparative study. Similarly the radius of influence was estimated by three models (weber,Kusakin and Sichardt).  For the estimation of transmissivity of the aquifer Thien model was used. Also the general equation (product of hydraulic conductivity and depth of aquifer) was used. Study showed the suitability of the available theories and governing equations for unconfined aquifer. The most important part of the study was to establish the correlation of drawdown and radius of influence with the time period of well abstraction. From the results the correlation coefficient for time and drawdown was of 90% and for time and radius of influence was 97%.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in diabetic kidney disease by RNA‐Seq analysis of venous blood platelets
Authors: Zhang Bao Long , Yang Xiu Hong , Jin Hui Min , Zhan Xiao Li
Published: May 2021

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end‐stage renal disease. However, because of shared complications between DKD and chronic kidney disease (CKD), the description and characterization of DKD remain ambiguous in the clinic, hindering the diagnosis and treatment of early‐stage DKD patients. Although estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria are well‐established biomarkers of DKD, early‐stage DKD is rarely accompanied by a high estimated glomerular filtration rate, and thus there is a need for new sensitive biomarkers. Transcriptome profiling of kidney tissue has been reported previously, although RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) analysis of the venous blood platelets in DKD patients has not yet been described. In the present study, we performed RNA‐Seq analysis of venous blood platelets from three patients with CKD, five patients with DKD and 10 healthy controls, and compared the results with a CKD‐related microarray dataset. In total, 2097 genes with differential transcript levels were identified in platelets of DKD patients and healthy controls, and 462 genes with differential transcript levels were identified in platelets of DKD patients and CKD patients. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, we selected 11 pathways, from which nine potential biomarkers (IL‐1B, CD‐38, CSF1R, PPARG, NR1H3, DDO, HDC, DPYS and CAD) were identified. Furthermore, by comparing the RNA‐Seq results with the GSE30566 dataset, we found that the biomarker KCND3 was the only up‐regulated gene in DKD patients. These biomarkers may have potential application for the therapy and diagnosis of DKD, as well aid in determining the mechanisms underlying DKD.
EUS‐guided hydrogel microparticle injection in a cadaveric model
Authors: Kim Seong‐Hun , Ding Kai , Rao Avani , He Jin , Bhutani Manoop S. , Herman Joseph M. , Narang Amol , Shin Eun Ji
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims

A potential method to reduce gastrointestinal toxicity during radiation therapy in pancreatic head cancer is to create a physical space between the head of the pancreas (HOP) and the duodenum. To date, there have been early reports on the feasibility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided hydrogel injection into the interface between the HOP and the duodenum to increase the peri‐pancreatic space for radiotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of EUS‐guided hydrogel injection for the creation of space at the peri‐pancreatic interface in a cadaveric model.

Methods

Baseline abdominal computerized tomography (CT) was performed on three unfixed cadaveric specimens. The hydrogel was injected transduodenally into the interface between the HOP and duodenum using linear‐array EUS and a 19G needle for fine needle aspiration (FNA). This procedure was repeated along the length of the HOP. CT imaging and gross dissection were performed after the procedure to confirm the localization of the hydrogel and to measure the distance between the HOP and the duodenum.

Results

All cadavers underwent successful EUS‐guided injection of the hydrogel. Cadavers 1, 2, and 3 were injected with 9.5, 27, and 10 cc of hydrogel, respectively; along the HOP, the formation of the peri‐pancreatic space was a maximum size of 11.77, 13.20, and 12.89 mm, respectively. The hydrogel injections were clearly visualized as hyperechoic bullae during EUS and on post‐procedure CT images without any artifacts in all cases.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that EUS‐guided delivery of hydrogel is feasible, and that it increases the peri‐pancreatic space in a cadaveric model. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel was clearly visible on EUS and CT, without significant artifacts. This may lead to new treatment approaches for pancreatic carcinomas.
Uncertainty in the positioning of patients receiving treatment for brain metastases and wearing surgical mask underneath thermoplastic mask during COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Miura Hideharu , Hioki kazunari , Ozawa Shuichi , kanemoto Kenji , Nakao Minoru , Doi Yoshiko , Kenjo Masahiko , Nagata Yasushi
Published: May 2021

Thermoplastic masks, used along with surgical masks, enable immobilization methods to reduce the risk of infection in patients undergoing intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS/SRT) during the COVID‐19 crisis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of thermoplastic mask immobilization with a surgical mask using an ExacTrac system. Twelve patients each with brain metastases were immobilized using a thermoplastic mask and a surgical mask and only a thermoplastic mask. Two x‐ray images were acquired to correct (XC) and verify (XV) the patient’s position at a couch angle of 0°. Subsequently, the XC and XV images were acquired at each planned couch angle for non‐coplanar beams. When the position errors were detected after couch rotation for non‐coplanar beams, the errors were corrected at each planned couch angle until a clinically acceptable tolerance was attained. The position errors in the translational and rotational directions (vertical, lateral, longitudinal, pitch, roll, and yaw) were retrospectively investigated using data from the ExacTrac system database. A standard deviation of XC translational and rotational position errors with and without a surgical mask in the lateral (1.52 vs 2.07 mm), longitudinal (1.59 vs 1.87 mm), vertical (1.00 vs 1.73 mm), pitch (0.99 vs 0.79°), roll (1.24 vs 0.68°), and yaw (1.58 vs 0.90°) directions were observed at a couch angle of 0°. Most of patient positioning errors were less than 1.0 mm or 1.0° after the couch was rotated to the planned angle for non‐coplanar beams. The overall absolute values of the translational and rotational XV position errors with and without the surgical mask were less than 0.5 mm and 0.5°, respectively. This study showed that a thermoplastic mask with a surgical mask is a feasible immobilization technique for brain SRS/SRT patients using the ExacTrac system.
Bamboo‐Membrane Inspired Multilevel Ultrafast Interlayer Ion Transport for Superior Volumetric Energy Storage
Authors: Mei Jun , Peng Xiaomin , Zhang Qian , Zhang Xiaoqi , Liao Ting , Mitic Vojislav , Sun Ziqi
Published: May 2021

Interlayer transport of charges and carriers of 2D nanomaterials is a critical parameter that governs the material and device performance in energy storage applications. Inspired by multilevel natural bamboo‐membrane with ultrafast water and electrolyte transport properties to support its super‐rapid growth rate, 2D–2D multilevel heterostructured graphene‐based membranes with tailored gradient interlayer channels are rationally designed for achieving ultrafast interlayer ion transport. The bioinspired heterostructured membranes possess multilevel interlayer spacing distributions, where the closely packed layers with sub‐nanosized interlayer space provide ultrafast confined interlayer ion transport, while the loosely stacked outer layers consisting of open channels with large distances up to few micrometres are favorable for rapid wetting and penetration of liquid electrolytes. The combination of advantages of large‐size open channels and nanosized confined channels offers ultrafast electrolyte wetting and permeation and interlayer ion transport and provide the devices with superior volumetric capacity as free‐standing electrodes for rechargeable batteries.
Self‐Amplification Immunomodulatory Strategy for Tissue Regeneration in Diabetes Based on Cytokine‐ZIFs System
Authors: Guo Geyong , Gong Teng , Shen Hao , Wang Qiaojie , Jiang Feng , Tang Jin , Jiang Xingwu , Wang Jiaxing , Zhang Xianlong , Bu Wenbo
Published: May 2021

Dysfunctional macrophages and excessive inflammatory responses lead to severe tissue regeneration disorders in diabetes. Herein, a function‐oriented self‐amplification immunomodulatory (SAI) strategy based on an interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) loaded zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (IL@ZIF) nano‐platform is proposed to treat tissue regeneration disorders by restoring macrophage function and reconstructing immune microenvironment in diabetes. It is found that ZIFs effectively protect IL‐33 from premature degradation. In the wound area, the released Zn2+ not only improves the antioxidant capacity of macrophages to avoid reactive oxygen species‐induced dysfunction, but also upregulates IL‐33 receptor (ST2L) expression and triggers M2 macrophages polarization. Subsequently, the released IL‐33 significantly amplifies M2 macrophage polarization through IL‐33/ST2L signaling, resulting in a reversal of the pro‐inflammatory microenvironment of diabetic wounds. This synergistic effect endows the nano‐platform with an excellent ability to accelerate tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this IL@ZIF mediated function‐oriented SAI strategy provides new alternatives for the treatment of tissue regeneration disorders in diabetes.
Abnormal Phenomena of Multi‐Way Sodium Storage in Selenide Electrode
Authors: Plewa Anna , Kulka Andrzej , Hanc Emil , Sun Jianguo , Nowak Mikołaj , Redel Katarzyna , Lu Li , Molenda Janina
Published: May 2021

Transition‐metal chalcogenides have gained special attention as potential anodes for Na‐ion batteries due to their high capacities to originate from complex charge storage mechanisms. Although the sodium storage process in chalcogenides is still unclear, it is common to assume that it can occur via one of the following routes: intercalation, conversion, or alloying. In this paper, an anomalous multi‐way mechanism in MoSe2 electrode, including all three of the above scenarios, is reported. The intercyclic product of the discharge/charge process is a mixture of Se, Mo, and 1T‐structured NaxMoSe2. An unexpected phenomena of Se precipitation leads to the additional alloying reaction, which is exclusive among all chalcogenides, and runs together with conversion and intercalation reactions in the same cycle. This new concept of sodium storage process includes two models, previously seemed to be mutually exclusive. Despite of complex electrode mechanisms, MoSe2 retains high capacity and coulombic efficiency even after 50 cycles.
Freeze‐Casting with 3D‐Printed Templates Creates Anisotropic Microchannels and Patterned Macrochannels within Biomimetic Nanofiber Aerogels for Rapid Cellular Infiltration
Authors: John Johnson V. , McCarthy Alec , Wang Hongjun , Luo Zeyu , Li Hongbin , Wang Zixuan , Cheng Feng , Zhang Yu Shrike , Xie Jingwei
Published: May 2021

A new approach is described for fabricating 3D poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin (1:1) nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels and anisotropic microchannels by freeze‐casting with 3D‐printed sacrificial templates. Single layer or multiple layers of macrochannels are formed through an inverse replica of 3D‐printed templates. Aligned microchannels formed by partially anisotropic freezing act as interconnected pores between templated macrochannels. The resulting macro‐/microchannels within nanofiber aerogels significantly increase preosteoblast infiltration in vitro. The conjugation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐mimicking QK peptide to PCL/gelatin/gelatin methacryloyl (1:0.5:0.5) nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels promotes the formation of a microvascular network of seeded human microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover, nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels and anisotropic microchannels show significantly enhanced cellular infiltration rates and host tissue integration compared to aerogels without macrochannels following subcutaneous implantation in rats. Taken together, this novel class of nanofiber aerogels holds great potential in biomedical applications including tissue repair and regeneration, wound healing, and 3D tissue/disease modeling.
Highly Sensitive On‐Skin Temperature Sensors Based on Biocompatible Hydrogels with Thermoresponsive Transparency and Resistivity
Authors: Park Tae Hyun , Park Seongjin , Yu Seunggun , Park Sangun , Lee Junseok , Kim Sunho , Jung Youngmee , Yi Hyunjung
Published: May 2021

The development of electrically responsive sensors that interact directly with human skin and at the same time produce a visual indication of the temperature is in great demand. Here, we report a highly sensitive electronic skin (E‐skin) sensor that measures and visualizes skin temperature simultaneously using a biocompatible hydrogel displaying thermoresponsive transparency and resistivity resulting from a temperature dependence of the strength of the hydrogen bonding between its components. This thermoresponsive hydrogel (TRH) showed a temperature dependence of not only the proton conductivity but also of its transmittance of light through a change in polymer conformation. We were able to use our TRH temperature sensor (TRH‐TS) to measure temperature in a wide range of temperatures based on a change in its intrinsic resistivity (−0.0289 °C−1) and to visualize the temperature due to its thermoresponsive transmittance (from 7% to 96%). The TRH‐TS exhibited high reliability upon multiple cycles of heating and cooling. The on‐skin TRH‐TS patch is also shown to successfully produce changes in its impedance and optical transparency as a result of changes in skin temperature during cardiovascular exercise. This work has shown that our biocompatible TRH‐TS is potentially suitable as wearable E‐skin for various emerging flexible healthcare monitoring applications.
Recent Progress of Chiral Perovskites: Materials, Synthesis, and Properties
Authors: Ma Jiaqi , Wang Haizhen , Li Dehui
Published: May 2021

Chiral materials with intrinsic inversion‐symmetric structures possess many unique physicochemical features, including circular dichroism, circularly polarized photoluminescence, nonlinear optics, ferroelectricity, and spintronics. Halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties, which are particularly suitable for realizing high power‐conversion efficiency in solar cells. Recent studies have shown that chirality can be transferred from chiral organic ligands into halide perovskites and the resultant chiral perovskites combine the advantages of both chiral materials and halide perovskites; this provides an ideal platform to design next‐generation optoelectronic and spintronic devices. In this progress report, the most recent advances are summarized in various chemical structures of chiral perovskites, their synthesis strategies, chirality generation mechanisms, and physical properties. Furthermore, the potential chiral‐halide‐perovskite‐based applications are presented and the challenges and prospects of chiral perovskites are discussed. This report outlines the diverse construction strategies of and proposes research directions for chiral halide perovskites; thus, it provides insights into the design of novel chiral perovskites and facilitates investigation of the optoelectronic applications that employ chirality.
Dendritic Network Implementable Organic Neurofiber Transistors with Enhanced Memory Cyclic Endurance for Spatiotemporal Iterative Learning
Authors: Kim Soo Jin , Jeong Jae‐Seung , Jang Ho Won , Yi Hyunjung , Yang Hoichang , Ju Hyunsu , Lim Jung Ah
Published: May 2021

Dendritic network implementable organic neurofiber transistors with enhanced memory cyclic endurance for spatiotemporal iterative learning are proposed. The architecture of the fibrous organic electrochemical transistors consisting of a double‐stranded assembly of electrode microfibers and an iongel gate insulator enables the highly sensitive multiple implementation of synaptic junctions via simple physical contact of gate‐electrode microfibers, similar to the dendritic connections of a biological neuron fiber. In particular, carboxylic‐acid‐functionalized polythiophene as a semiconductor channel material provides stable gate‐field‐dependent multilevel memory characteristics with long‐term stability and cyclic endurance, unlike the conventional poly(alkylthiophene)‐based neuromorphic electrochemical transistors, which exhibit short retention and unstable endurance. The dissociation of the carboxylic acid of the polythiophene enables reversible doping and dedoping of the polythiophene channel by effectively stabilizing the ions that penetrate the channel during potentiation and depression cycles, leading to the reliable cyclic endurance of the device. The synaptic weight of the neurofiber transistors with a dendritic network maintains the state levels stably and is independently updated with each synapse connected with the presynaptic neuron to a specific state level. Finally, the neurofiber transistor demonstrates successful speech recognition based on iterative spiking neural network learning in the time domain, showing a substantial recognition accuracy of 88.9%.
In Situ and Quantitative Vapor/Solid Anion Exchange for Composition Regulation and Optical Properties of Perovskites
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Wei Hao , Manohari Arumugam Gowri , You Daotong , Wang Ru , Li Zhuxin , Liu Wei , Chen Jinping , Zhu Yizhi , Shi Zengliang , Cui Qiannan , Li ShuZhou , Xu ChunXiang
Published: May 2021

Anion exchange is a convenient postsynthetic transformation method to adjust the composition and bandgap of semiconductors. However, it is still a challenge to achieve the desired halogen‐variable perovskites due to rapid and uncontrollable reaction and difficulty to synthesize directly. Herein, a facile and gentle vapor/solid anion exchange strategy is reported to control the composition in situ and quantitatively for adjusting the properties of MAPbI3−xBrx (x = 0 to 3, MA = CH3NH3) films continuously. By controlling the reaction time, the films have a tunable bandgap from 1.58 to 2.25 eV and a continuously blue‐shifted photoluminescence peak from 771.1 to 540.5 nm. The regularly shifted X‐ray diffraction peaks reveal the successive variation in composition and crystal lattice with anion exchange and all the MAPbI3−xBrx films have a pure phase. More importantly, a universal empirical equation for in situ and quantitative composition regulation is extracted, which is supported by theoretical analysis and simulation on the anion exchange process. The anion exchange strategy and empirical equation are appropriate not only for perovskite but also for other related materials. This work may be valuable for further applications such as in situ quantitative reversible composition‐tunable perovskites, solar cells, white LEDs, and lasers.