bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Experience in Caring for Infants Who Are Dying.
Authors: Kang Hyun Ju , Bang Kyung Sook
Published: November 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses' experience in caring for infants who are approaching death and to identity the meaning and structure of their experiences.METHODS: The participants were eight nurses who had experience in caring for these infants. In-depth interviews were performed from December, 2012 to February, 2013 until data were fully saturated. Collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method.RESULTS: Four theme clusters were extracted from fifteen themes. The four theme clusters of the NICU nurses' experience in caring for infants who are dying were: 1) Crossroads between life and comfort of infants approaching death, 2) emotional suffering at the death of the infant, 3) adapting and coping with the death of the infant, 4) new expectations for caring for infants who are dying.CONCLUSION: The results of the study provide useful information in understanding NICU nurses' experience in caring for infants who are dying and establishing effective strategies to support these nurses.
Cost minimisation of product transhipment for physical distribution management
Authors: Nwaogbe Obioma R. , Omoke Victor , Ubani Emmanuel C. , Ukaegbu Sunday I.
Published: November 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal allocation of shipments (least cost) of two manufactured products between depots and places of consumption. In this study, the least-cost method was used in solving the transportation algorithm using Tora 2.0 version software. The study was necessary because of the high operating costs associated with physical distribution when deliveries are not properly planned and considered with reference to alternative strategies. In contrast, significant savings can be achieved by using techniques available for determining the cheapest methods of transporting goods from several origins to several destinations. Cost minimisation is a very useful approach to the solution of transportation problems.
Recurrences of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania siamensis after Treatment with Amphotericin B in a Seronegative Child
Authors: Osatakul Seksit , Mungthin Mathirut , Siripattanapipong Suradej , Hitakarun Atitaya , Kositnitikul Rommanee , Naaglor Tawee , Leelayoova Saovanee
Published: November 2013

We report the first case of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania siamensis in a seronegative child. She was treated with amphotericin B at 1 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; however, recurrences occurred twice. The patient was cured after the administration of amphotericin B for 5 weeks and monthly prophylaxis for 6 months.
The Peculiar Epidemiology of Dracunculiasis in Chad
Authors: Eberhard Mark L. , Ruiz-Tiben Ernesto , Hopkins Donald R. , Farrell Corey , Toe Fernand , Weiss Adam , Withers P. Craig , Jenks M. Harley , Thiele Elizabeth A. , Cotton James A. , Hance Zahra , Holroyd Nancy , Cama Vitaliano A. , Tahir Mahamat Ali , Mounda Tchonfienet
Published: November 2013

Dracunculiasis was rediscovered in Chad in 2010 after an apparent absence of 10 years. In April 2012 active village-based surveillance was initiated to determine where, when, and how transmission of the disease was occurring, and to implement interventions to interrupt it. The current epidemiologic pattern of the disease in Chad is unlike that seen previously in Chad or other endemic countries, i.e., no clustering of cases by village or association with a common water source, the average number of worms per person was small, and a large number of dogs were found to be infected. Molecular sequencing suggests these infections were all caused by Dracunculus medinensis. It appears that the infection in dogs is serving as the major driving force sustaining transmission in Chad, that an aberrant life cycle involving a paratenic host common to people and dogs is occurring, and that the cases in humans are sporadic and incidental.
A Retrospective Examination of Sporozoite- and Trophozoite-Induced Infections with Plasmodium Falciparum: Development of Parasitologic and Clinical Immunity during Primary Infection
Authors: Collins William E. , Jeffery Geoffrey M.
Published: November 2013

A retrospective analysis was made of the parasitologic and fever records of 318 patients who had been infected with the El Limon, Santee Cooper, or McLendon strains of Plasmodium falciparum for treatment of neurosyphilis between 1940 and 1963 to determine the development of parasitologic and clinical immunity during primary infection. The presence of fever ≥ 101 °F and ≥ 104°F, asexual parasite counts ≥ 1,000 and ≥ 10,000/μl, and gametocyte counts ≥ 100/μl and ≥ 1,000/μl are presented. The frequency of fever (number of patients with fever/number of patients remaining in study) for the first 100 days of patent parasitemia, the frequency of parasite counts ≥ 1,000 and ≥ 10,000/μl during the first 100 days of patent parasitemia, and the frequency of gametocyte counts ≥ 100 and ≥ 1,000/μl during the first 100 days of patent parasitemia are presented for 4 groups of patients: 1) sporozoite-induced and 2) trophozoite-induced infections requiring treatment during their primary attack, and 3) sporozoite-induced and 4) trophozoite-induced infections not requiring treatment during the primary attack. For each sporozoite-induced infection, the route of inoculation (bites or syringe), the species of mosquito used, the number of mosquito glands or bites, the intensity of salivary gland infection, and the length of the prepatent period are recorded. Prepatent periods for 109 sporozoite-induced infections ranged from 6 to 28 days. Patients with parasitologic or clinical findings that required suppressive, but non-curative treatment, during the primary attack had higher frequency of fever, parasitemia, and gametocytemia than patients not so treated. Fever was concentrated in the first 2 weeks of patent parasitemia although instances of fever were reported > 100 days after infection. High-density parasitemia was also concentrated early in the infection; instances of parasite counts ≥ 10,000/μl occurred > 75 days after infection. In conclusion, immunity to infection with P. falciparum was shown to develop rapidly. Following primary infection, clinical and parasitologic immunity was evident within 2–3 weeks following the detection of parasites in the peripheral circulation.
A Retrospective Examination of the Patterns of Recrudescence in Patients Infected with Plasmodium Falciparum
Authors: Collins William E. , Jeffery Geoffrey M.
Published: November 2013

A retrospective examination was made to determine median intervals between recrudescences of Plasmodium falciparum in 343 neurosyphilitic patients who were given malariatherapy, which was routine care at that time. Data were collected at the National Institutes of Health laboratories in Columbia, South Carolina and Milledgeville, Georgia during the period 1940 to 1963. The geometric mean days of peak parasite count for the patients were 8, 26.5, 43.5, 62, 78.5, and 95.5 days, respectively. The intervals between these peaks of 18.5, 17, 18.5, 16.5, and 17 days suggest a fixed time frame for the appearance of different dominant parasite populations during the first 100 days of patent infection. When the data from these same patients were examined for mean peak parasite counts, the patterns indicated a consistent decrease in parasite count suggestive of increasing immunity, which was sufficient to reduce but not eliminate subsequent parasite populations. The geometric mean peak parasite counts for the 343 patients during the primary attack and the first 5 recrudescences were 40,350, 6,975, 5,090, 3,820, 3,455, and 2,375/μl, respectively.
Investigation of Pseudo-Passivation of Mild Steel in CO2 Corrosion
Authors: Li Wei , Brown Bruce , Young David , Nešić Srdjan
Published: November 2013

The iron carbonate corrosion product layer formed on mild steel in carbon dioxide (CO2) environments is known to retard corrosion. When not fully covering the steel surface, it may also lead to initiation of localized corrosion, due to a galvanic effect. In this work, the stability of a protective iron carbonate layer has been studied at 80°C over a relatively wide range of bulk pH. Experiments were done in a glass cell using a three-electrode system. Electrochemical techniques such as linear polarization resistance (LPR) and potentiodynamic polarization (PP) were used. Surface analysis techniques (scanning electron microscopy [SEM], x-ray diffraction [XRD], and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]) were used to confirm the composition and structure of the protective layer. Experimental results confirmed a pseudo-passive behavior, indicated by a positive shift in the open-circuit potential and a significantly retarded corrosion rate for systems at pH 6.0 and above. However, a stable and protective pseudo-passive layer could not be formed at pH 5.6 or lower.
Sacrificial Point Anodes for Cathodic Prevention of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Repairs: Part 1—Polarization Behavior
Authors: Dugarte M.J. , Sagüés A.A.
Published: November 2013

The polarization behavior of commercial galvanic point anodes for corrosion protection of reinforcing steel in patch repairs applications was investigated. Concrete specimens were used to analyze the polarization history of the embedded sacrificial anodes under galvanostatic load and in yard slabs as a function of anode service aging. The results were used to develop a characteristic time-dependent potential-current function (PF) of each anode type. Typically, the performance function showed relatively little anodic polarization from an open-circuit potential at low current levels, followed by an abrupt increase in potential as the current approached an apparent limiting value. Aging of the anodes was manifested by significantly steeper PF as time and total charge delivered increased. Modest to poor steel polarization levels were achieved when coupled with point anodes in yard slabs tests. There was marked performance function variability among replicate units of one anode type. The results are used for cathodic prevention performance modeling in a companion (Part 2) paper.
Impacts of drought on the quality of surface water of the basin
Authors: Huang B. B. , Yan D. H. , Wang H. , Cheng B. F. , Cui X. H.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Under the background of climate change and human's activities, there has been presenting an increase both in the frequency of droughts and the range of their impacts. Droughts may give rise to a series of resources, environmental and ecological effects, i.e. water shortage, water quality deterioration as well as the decrease in the diversity of aquatic organisms. This paper, above all, identifies the impact mechanism of drought on the surface water quality of the basin, and then systematically studies the laws of generation, transfer, transformation and degradation of pollutants during the drought, finding out that the alternating droughts and floods stage is the critical period during which the surface water quality is affected. Secondly, through employing indoor orthogonality experiments, serving drought degree, rainfall intensity and rainfall duration as the main elements and designing various scenario models, the study inspects the effects of various factors on the nitrogen loss in soil as well as the loss of non-point sources pollution and the leaching rate of nitrogen under the different alternating scenarios of drought and flood. It comes to the conclusion that the various factors and the loss of non-point source pollution are positively correlated, and under the alternating scenarios of drought and flood, there is an exacerbation in the loss of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil, which generates the transfer and transformation mechanisms of non-point source pollution from a micro level. Finally, by employing the data of Nenjiang river basin, the paper assesses the impacts of drought on the surface water quality from a macro level.
Combined Grammar for the Modeling of Building Interiors
Authors: Becker S. , Peter M. , Fritsch D. , Philipp D. , Baier P. , Dibak C.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. As spatial grammars have proven successful and efficient to deliver LOD3 models, the next challenge is their extension to indoor applications, leading to LOD4 models. Therefore, a combined indoor grammar for the automatic generation of indoor models from erroneous and incomplete observation data is presented. In building interiors where inaccurate observation data is available, the grammar can be used to make the reconstruction process robust, and verify the reconstructed geometries. In unobserved building interiors, the grammar can generate hypotheses about possible indoor geometries matching the style of the rest of the building. The grammar combines concepts from L-systems and split grammars. It is designed in such way that it can be derived from observation data fully automatically. Thus, manual predefinitions of the grammar rules usually required to tune the grammar to a specific building style, become obsolete. The potential benefit of using our grammar as support for indoor modeling is evaluated based on an example where the grammar has been applied to automatically generate an indoor model from erroneous and incomplete traces gathered by foot-mounted MEMS/IMU positioning systems.
Automatic Reconstruction of 3D Building Models from Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data
Authors: El Meouche R. , Rezoug M. , Hijazi I. , Maes D.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. With modern 3D laser scanners we can acquire a large amount of 3D data in only a few minutes. This technology results in a growing number of applications ranging from the digitalization of historical artifacts to facial authentication. The modeling process demands a lot of time and work (Tim Volodine, 2007). In comparison with the other two stages, the acquisition and the registration, the degree of automation of the modeling stage is almost zero. In this paper, we propose a new surface reconstruction technique for buildings to process the data obtained by a 3D laser scanner. These data are called a point cloud which is a collection of points sampled from the surface of a 3D object. Such a point cloud can consist of millions of points. In order to work more efficiently, we worked with simplified models which contain less points and so less details than a point cloud obtained in situ. The goal of this study was to facilitate the modeling process of a building starting from 3D laser scanner data. In order to do this, we wrote two scripts for Rhinoceros 5.0 based on intelligent algorithms. The first script finds the exterior outline of a building. With a minimum of human interaction, there is a thin box drawn around the surface of a wall. This box is able to rotate 360° around an axis in a corner of the wall in search for the points of other walls. In this way we can eliminate noise points. These are unwanted or irrelevant points. If there is an angled roof, the box can also turn around the edge of the wall and the roof. With the different positions of the box we can calculate the exterior outline. The second script draws the interior outline in a surface of a building. By interior outline we mean the outline of the openings like windows or doors. This script is based on the distances between the points and vector characteristics. Two consecutive points with a relative big distance will form the outline of an opening. Once those points are found, the interior outline can be drawn. The designed scripts are able to ensure for simple point clouds: the elimination of almost all noise points and the reconstruction of a CAD model.
Accuracy Evaluation of Stereo Vision Aided Inertial Navigation for Indoor Environments
Authors: Griessbach D. G. , Baumbach D. B. , Boerner A. B. , Zuev S. Z.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Accurate knowledge of position and orientation is a prerequisite for many applications regarding unmanned navigation, mapping, or environmental modelling. GPS-aided inertial navigation is the preferred solution for outdoor applications. Nevertheless a similar solution for navigation tasks in difficult environments with erroneous or no GPS-data is needed. Therefore a stereo vision aided inertial navigation system is presented which is capable of providing real-time local navigation for indoor applications. A method is described to reconstruct the ego motion of a stereo camera system aided by inertial data. This, in turn, is used to constrain the inertial sensor drift. The optical information is derived from natural landmarks, extracted and tracked over consequent stereo image pairs. Using inertial data for feature tracking effectively reduces computational costs and at the same time increases the reliability due to constrained search areas. Mismatched features, e.g. at repetitive structures typical for indoor environments are avoided. An Integrated Positioning System (IPS) was deployed and tested on an indoor navigation task. IPS was evaluated for accuracy, robustness, and repeatability in a common office environment. In combination with a dense disparity map, derived from the navigation cameras, a high density point cloud is generated to show the capability of the navigation algorithm.
To localise or to be localised with WiFi in the Hubei museum?
Authors: Verbree E. , Zlatanova S. , van Winden K. B. A. , van der Laan E. B. , Makri A. , Taizhou L. , Haojun A.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Indoor localisation is in demand for a variety of applications within the built environment. An overall solution based on a single technology has not yet been determined. The aim of this paper is to gain insight on Signal Strength monitoring by a special kind of WiFi Monitors in comparison to the commonly known fingerprinting method for the purpose of a 3D indoor navigation system. Ttwo different WiFi based localisation techniques are tested during the MSc Geomatics DaRen Syntheses Project in the Hubei Provincial Museum, China. The first method detects the beacon frames send by smartphones, laptops and other WiFi enabled devices in range using Libelium Meshlium Xtreme monitors. Their MAC addresses and the signal strength is measured by the Meshlium Xtreme and stored on an external database. We call this method WiFi monitoring. The second method a Wifi enabled device, like a smartphone, measures the signal strength of multiple Wifi Access Points in range to localise itself based on a previously created radio map. This method is known as WiFi fingerprinting. Both methods have some advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of the common way of WiFi fingerprinting are that the implementation costs are relatively low, because it is usually possible to use (a part of) the existing WiFi AP infrastructure. WiFi fingerprinting can reach a relatively high accuracy in the order of magnitude of meters. Finally, the location granularity can be adjusted to what is necessary for the purpose of the indoor localisation. This makes it employable for a wide range of purposes. The question remains how suitable these methods are for a 3D indoor navigation system for the Hubei provincial museum. One important aspect is the localisation-granularity necessary for the application. In a museum it is not necessary to know the exact X,Y position of a user (such high accuracy is unnecessary), more important is to know in which room the user is located so the information on exhibitions can be presented and the starting point of the navigation can be determined. Both methods can track the user and tell the room he or she is located at. Although WiFi smartphone monitoring may have a low update frequency it is still suitable for a navigation system for a museum since visitors usually spend more than a couple of minutes within a room.
Multi-dimensional Indoor Location Information Model
Authors: Xiong Q. , Zhu Q. , Zlatanova S. , Huang L. , Zhou Y. , Du Z.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Aiming at the increasing requirements of seamless indoor and outdoor navigation and location service, a Chinese standard of Multidimensional Indoor Location Information Model is being developed, which defines ontology of indoor location. The model is complementary to 3D concepts like CityGML and IndoorGML. The goal of the model is to provide an exchange GML-based format for location needed for indoor routing and navigation. An elaborated user requirements analysis and investigation of state-of-the-art technology in expressing indoor location at home and abroad was completed to identify the manner humans specify location. The ultimate goal is to provide an ontology that will allow absolute and relative specification of location such as "in room 321", "on the second floor", as well as, "two meters from the second window", "12 steps from the door".
Implicit Surface Modeling from Imprecise Point Clouds
Authors: Funk E. , Dooley L. S. , Boerner A. , Griessbach D.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. In applying optical methods for automated 3D indoor modelling, the 3D reconstruction of objects and surfaces is very sensitive to both lighting conditions and the observed surface properties, which ultimately compromise the utility of the acquired 3D point clouds. This paper presents a robust scene reconstruction method which is predicated upon the observation that most objects contain only a small set of primitives. The approach combines sparse approximation techniques from the compressive sensing domain with surface rendering approaches from computer graphics. The amalgamation of these techniques allows a scene to be represented by a small set of geometric primitives and to generate perceptually appealing results. The resulting scene surface models are defined as implicit functions and may be processed using conventional rendering algorithms such as marching cubes, to deliver polygonal models of arbitrary resolution. It will also be shown that 3D point clouds with outliers, strong noise and varying sampling density can be reliably processed without manual intervention.
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF SILICA- AND CARBON BLACK-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER IN THE PRESENCE OF EPOXIDIZED LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYMER
Authors: Saramolee P. , Sahakaro K. , Lopattananon N. , Dierkes W. K. , Noordermeer J. W. M.
Published: November 2013

This work investigates the effect of epoxidized low molecular weight natural rubber (ELMWNR) in silica- and carbon black-filled natural rubber (NR) compounds on processing and mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. The ELMWNRs with different mol% epoxide content were prepared from depolymerization of epoxidized NR using periodic acid in latex state to have a molecular weight in a range of 50 000–60 000 g/mol. Their chemical structures and actual mol% of epoxide were analyzed by 1H NMR. The ELMWNRs were added to the filled NR compounds as compatibilizers at varying loadings from 0 to 15 phr. The addition of ELMWNR decreases compound viscosity and the Payne effect, that is, filler–filler interaction, of the silica-filled compound. In the silica–silane compound and the compound with 28 mol% epoxide (ELMWNR-28), the compound viscosities are comparable. The optimal mechanical properties of silica-filled vulcanizates are obtained at the ELMWNR-28 loading of 10 phr. In contrast, the addition of ELMWNR to a carbon black-filled compound shows only a plasticizing effect. The incorporation of ELMWNR into NR compounds introduces a second glass transition temperature and affects their dynamic mechanical properties. Higher epoxide contents lead to higher loss tangent values of the rubber vulcanizates in the range of the normal service temperature of a tire.
Effect of UV-C radiation and hot water on the calcium content and postharvest quality of apples
Authors: Hemmaty S. , Hemmaty S. , Moallemi N. , Naseri L.
Published: November 2013

To increase the storage shelf life of "Red Delicious" and "Golden Delicious" apples they were treated with UV-C irradiation at doses of 0, 5 and 15 min irradiation at 1.435 x 10E-4 W/square cm and with hot water containing 4% CaCl2 at four levels (control, dipping at 25 deg C for 10 min, dipping at 38 deg C for 5 min and dipping in 54 deg C for 1 min) in a factorial design with 4 replicates. The results showed that UV-C irradiation and dipping of fruit in hot water increased the storage life and improved fruit quality factors in "Red Delicious" and "Golden Delicious" apples at the end of cold storage. Both UV-C and hot water treatments decreased pH and total soluble solids/titratable acids ratio and increased fruit titratable acids and firmness. UV-C and hot water treatment increased fruit Ca content during storage. The results showed that UV-C and hot water treatment can retard fruit ripening and maintain fruit quality in cold storage. These treatments can also increase Ca concentration of fruit flesh and thus increase the nutritional value of the apples.
Plant food allergens: peach non-specific lipid transfer protein Pru p 3 as a model. A review
Authors: Salcedo G. , Sánchez-Monge R. , Díaz-Perales A.
Published: November 2013

Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are plant defence proteins that constitute a relevant panallergen family present in both plant foods and pollens. Their high resistance to proteolytic digestion, thus being probably primary sensitizers by ingestion, and association with systemic and severe clinical symptoms, have led to propose LTPs as a model of true food allergens. Peach Pru p 3, the prototypic member of the family, has been extensively studied at the biochemical, immunological and clinical level. IgE-binding regions of Pru p 3 have been identified by an experimental and modelling based approach.
High expression of foreign proteins from a biosafe viral vector derived from Turnip mosaic virus
Authors: Touriño A. , Sánchez F. , Fereres A. , Ponz F.
Published: November 2013

A vector derived from an original infectious clone of Turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV) has been developed. The vector (p35Tunos-vec01) was made through the creation of a new unique insertion site for foreign genes between the NIb and the CP genes of the viral genome. The jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) and E. coli beta-glucuronidase (GUS) were expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana plants infected with chimeric vectors carrying their corresponding genes. In the case of GUS, expression levels that were 15-50 fold higher than nuclear transgenic A. thaliana lines carrying the same gene were attained. Acceptable levels of gene stability were found in the infected plants, compatible with the use of the vector for protein production in plants. A non-aphid transmissible version of the vector was also made and its lack of aphid transmission was extensively shown. The vector was not transmitted through seeds or by contact between plants.
Antifeedant activity and effects of terpenoids on detoxication enzymes of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)
Authors: Caballero C. , López-Olguín J. , Ruiz M. , Ortego F. , Castañera P.
Published: November 2013

It has been determined the antifeedant activity of a mixture of limonoids 1,7-di-O-acetylhavanensin and 3,7-di-Oacetylhavanensin (F18), isolated from seeds of Trichilia havanensis Jacq. (Meliaceae), and the neo-clerodane diterpene scutecyprol A, isolated from Scutellaria valdiviana (Clos) Epling (Labiatae), on fifth instar larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Choice and no-choice feeding assays, nutritional tests, and post-treatment studies indicated that scutecyprol A acts as an insect feeding deterrent against S. exigua, whereas the antifeedant activity of F18 is likely associated with a toxic mode of action. In addition, it was tested the hypothesis that S. exigua larvae will try to metabolize the compounds that are toxic by the induction of their detoxication systems, whereas no such induction happens for those compounds that are deterrents. The mixture of limonoids F18 significantly increased glutathione S-transferases during the treatment and post-treatment periods, whereas esterases were inhibited during the treatment period. On the contrary, scutecyprol A did not have any significant effect on any of the enzymatic processes. Hence, the metabolic response of S. exigua larvae to the ingestion of the secondary metabolites tested depends on their mode of action.
Molecular control of winter dormancy establishment in trees: a review
Authors: Allona I. , Ramos A. , Ibáñez C. , Contreras A. , Casado R. , Aragoncillo C.
Published: November 2013

Dormancy is an adaptive mechanism that enables woody plants to survive the freezing temperatures of winter. This complex process is characterized by the cessation of meristem activity, which is accompanied by winter bud set, extensive metabolic remodelling, an acquired high tolerance to cold and, in deciduous trees, by leaf senescence and abscission. The induction of dormancy occurs in response to seasonal environmental signals. In most woody plants, shortening of the photoperiod induces growth cessation, bud set, and some degree of cold acclimation. The subsequent drop in temperature then leads to a greater tolerance to cold and leaf fall. Experimental evidence indicates that the phytochrome system plays an important role as a day length sensor, and it has been recently reported that in poplar (Populus tremula x tremuloides), the photoperiodic control of dormancy induction is driven by a molecular mechanism that shares components with the mechanism of the photoperiodic control of flowering time in Arabidopsis. In contrast, the effects of low temperatures are less well understood. Nonetheless, it has been established that the chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) circadian molecular clock is disrupted both during winter and in response to cold, with presumable consequences on the general physiology of the plant. However, there is no direct evidence so far for its role in dormancy regulation.
A cidadania na narrativa de resistência: um olhar sobre as narrativas audiovisuais O ano em que meus pais saíram de férias e Cidadão Boilense
Authors: Andrade Lenice da Silva , Costa Marcela Yara Maués da , Sarmento-Pantoja Tânia
Published: November 2013

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise das narrativas audiovisuais O ano em que meus pais saíram de férias e Cidadão Boilense, com vistas a compor algumas reflexões sobre as diferentes configurações da ideia de cidadania, a partir do modo como essas configurações são apresentadas nos dois filmes.
A construção da personagem Perdita Durango como elemento estético de resistência
Authors: Batista Suellen Monteiro , Martins Filho Neuton Vieira
Published: November 2013

O artigo parte da hipótese de que a personagem Perdita Durango é construída de modo peculiar, por conta do seu caráter marginal, que a transforma em uma personagem que resiste aos padrões aceitos socialmente, como condizentes com o papel do feminino. Para tal análise iremos nos basear, principalmente, nas formulações de Bosi (1996) acerca da resistência enquanto conceito que transita entre o ético e o estético; nas considerações de Canclini (2008), sobre as dinâmicas sociais contemporâneas; e nas formulações de Beauvoir (1970) acerca do feminino e das teorias que o cercam.
A significação do grotesco na narrativa de testemunho de Primo Levi
Authors: Moraes Viviane Dantas
Published: November 2013

O grotesco, para Wolfgang Kayser, é um conceito que possui como essência estética a deformidade. Esta deformidade, normalmente, se revela por meio da escritura do corpo e imagens que causam abjeção. Primo Levi, ao relatar sua experiência enquanto prisioneiro nos campos de concentração rememora em sua narrativa algumas cenas que se aproximam fortemente do grotesco enquanto imagem e significação. Na sua maioria, se tratam de cenas fortes que, normalmente, se referem às pestes que assolavam o lugar, como os piolhos, assim como as doenças que debilitavam o corpo e as feridas crônicas nos pés. Em uma situação como esta, em que relembrar é doloroso, pois envolve a questão traumática, a tentativa de avaliar a própria dor muitas vezes se torna insuportável, por isso, é possível observar nestas descrições grotescas, aliás, algo frequente no campo de concentração, uma tentativa de externar e revelar um estado de alma em agonia.
Comportamento pluviométrico nos municípios atendidos pelo "PIano Preventivo de Defesa Civil- PPDC"
Authors: Nunes Lucí Hidalgo , Modesto Rosângela Pacini
Published: November 2013

O artigo procura subsidiar o PPDC - Plano Preventivo de Defesa Civil - fornecendo informações quanto às diferenças de comportamento pluvial nos diversos meses do ano para os municípios do litoral paulista, abrangidos pelo citado plano.
Structural and Phylogenetic Profiles of Muscle Actins from Cephalopods
Authors: Y. Ochiai  , S. Watabe  , G. Wang
Published: November 2013

Structural properties of cephalopod muscle actins have not been characterized in detail to date. Sequences of these actins have been determined by cDNA cloning from the arm muscles of four cephalopod species, namely, Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus, spear squid Loligo bleekeri, common cuttlefish Sepia esculenta, and common octopus Octopus vulgaris. The sequence identities of the deduced amino acid sequences among the cephalopod actins were around 98%, and the substitutions were mostly limited to Subdomains 1 and 3. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that cephalopod actins formed one cluster and were distinguishable from the bivalve counterparts. The modeled tertiary structure of squid actin was very similar to that of rabbit counterpart, but the structures of Subdomains 1 and 3 were slightly different.
Intellectual Disability Assessment: Anomalous Picture Concepts Scores in WISC-IV
Authors: King Michael G.
Published: November 2013

Attention is drawn to a putative WISC anomaly, specific to the case of Intellectual Disability (ID) IQ assessment. With ID, at best the WISC-IV Picture Concepts (PCn) is not a consistent part of the underlying “ability” represented by Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) factor, while at worst the PCn score may be “wrong”. This worst case situation is marked by a “very high PCn score” in an otherwise low profile and this outcome awaits a better interpretation which would be meaningful to the target child with Intellectual Disability. The literature relating to PCn scores in cases of “intellectually different” cohorts shows conflicting published evidence that the sub-test may be either generally lower than the cohort average, or generally above that average, for example in cases of Autism. The present paper proposes that the broad explanation for the PCn anomaly is explained by deriving an answer to each item from a focus on single-feature solution rather than an integrative approach. Future research may clarify the frequency and the meaning of this issue, while the present paper raises a caution in the “standard” interpretation of intellectual disability IQ profiles.
Cheminement scolaire des élèves québécois originaires des Antilles : un double aperçu à partir de données quantitatives et qualitatives
Authors: Lafortune Gina , Balde Alhassane
Published: November 2013

Cet article traite du cheminement scolaire d’élèves québécois originaires des Antilles en associant des données quantitatives et qualitatives. Les premières sont extraites de la base de données ministérielle sur les cohortes d’élèves du secondaire du secteur français de 1998-1999 et 1999-2000. Elles permettent de dresser le portrait de plus de 3 000 élèves originaires des Antilles selon leurs caractéristiques personnelles, leur processus de scolarisation, leurs taux de diplomation et de décrochage. Les secondes, tirées d’un terrain de recherche doctorale réalisé entre septembre 2010 et mars 2011, analysent les facteurs de réussite ou de vulnérabilité scolaires dans des trajectoires contrastées d’une dizaine d’élèves du secondaire d’origine haïtienne à Montréal. L’article permet d’observer des recoupements quant aux facteurs qui affectent significativement le cheminement scolaire de ces élèves, en grande majorité d’origine haïtienne.
Massive palmitoylation-dependent endocytosis during reoxygenation of anoxic cardiac muscle
Authors: Lin Mei-Jung , Fine Michael , Lu Jui-Yun , Hofmann Sandra L , Frazier Gary , Hilgemann Donald W
Published: November 2013

In fibroblasts, large Ca transients activate massive endocytosis (MEND) that involves membrane protein palmitoylation subsequent to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) openings. Here, we characterize this pathway in cardiac muscle. Myocytes with increased expression of the acyl transferase, DHHC5, have decreased Na/K pump activity. In DHHC5-deficient myocytes, Na/K pump activity and surface area/volume ratios are increased, the palmitoylated regulatory protein, phospholemman (PLM), and the cardiac Na/Ca exchanger (NCX1) show greater surface membrane localization, and MEND is inhibited in four protocols. Both electrical and optical methods demonstrate that PTP-dependent MEND occurs during reoxygenation of anoxic hearts. Post-anoxia MEND is ablated in DHHC5-deficient hearts, inhibited by cyclosporine A (CsA) and adenosine, promoted by staurosporine (STS), reduced in hearts lacking PLM, and correlates with impaired post-anoxia contractile function. Thus, the MEND pathway appears to be deleterious in severe oxidative stress but may constitutively contribute to cardiac sarcolemma turnover in dependence on metabolic stress.
The mother of all endocytosis
Authors: Clapham David E
Published: November 2013

Massive endocytosis is initiated by a series of steps that involve a sudden influx of calcium ions, changes in mitochondria, and modification of surface proteins by lipids. A better understanding of this process could lead to new approaches to reducing the tissue damage that is caused by heart attacks.
Starting Scholarly Conversations: A Scholarly Communication Outreach Program
Authors: Wright Andrea M
Published: November 2013

As the scholarly communication system continues to evolve, academic librarians should take an active role in both developing their own knowledge and educating their campus communities about emergent topics. At Furman University, librarians developed an outreach program, aimed primarily at faculty, to increase awareness of current scholarly communication issues. Expert speakers were recruited to present throughout the year on open access, altmetrics, author’s rights, and other relevant topics. This program addressed a number of needs simultaneously— outreach to faculty; education for Furman librarians; and education for the greater library community—and affirmed the importance of providing opportunities to discuss these issues beyond the libraries. The program also further established Furman University Libraries’ role in educating and guiding its campus community through changes in scholarly communication models and practices.
Heat Flow and Fluid Flux in Cascadia's Seismogenic Zone
Authors: Johnson H. Paul , Solomon Evan A. , Harris Robert N. , Salmi Marie S. , Berg Richard D.
Published: November 2013

The Cascadia Subduction Zone in the northeast Pacific has generated a large number of megathrust earthquakes and poses the greatest recognized seismic hazard to the northwestern United States. To learn more about the risks this subduction zone poses, scientists from Washington and Oregon conducted a research cruise in August aboard the R/V Atlantis to collect data that would estimate the thermal structure of the “fully locked zone” of the Cascadia megathrust fault. This locked zone resists the continuous motion of two tectonic plates as they collide, storing compressional energy that produces large megathrust earthquakes when released by the abrupt failure of the locking process.
A Modestly Rewarding Proposal Concerning Peer Review
Authors: Helffrich George
Published: November 2013

I have been an academic journal editor for longer than seems sane. One of the most important resources upon which I rely in this work is the reviewer community. These largely overlooked heroes are the scrutineers of the scientific process by which hypotheses are generated and tested and their errors eliminated. Their efforts are a key step in the development of scientific knowledge from which society in general, and the readers of Eos in particular, benefit.
Examining Uncertainties in Representations of the Carbon Cycle in Earth System Models
Authors: Thomas R. Quinn , McKinley Galen A. , Long Matthew C.
Published: November 2013

Terrestrial and ocean scientists gathered to pursue intellectual fertilization across the traditional land‐ocean disciplinary split in carbon cycle science. The goal was to examine the processes driving uncertainties in representations of the carbon cycle in Earth System Models (ESMs). Ecosystem processes with land and ocean parallels were explored through talks, posters, and breakout sessions on four themes: disturbance, remineralization/decomposition, individual organisms/trophic interactions, and nutrient limitation. Data‐model synthesis and observational constraints on ESM behavior were a common thread among themes. Key data resources were summarized, and many of these have now been posted at https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu.
Magnetic energy determines electron bulk heating
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: November 2013

When magnetic field lines interact at the magnetopause—the boundary between the solar magnetic field and the Earth's magnetic field—a process known as magnetic reconnection causes magnetic energy to be converted into kinetic energy and heat. Magnetic reconnection is a collisionless process, and its dynamics are still not fully understood. Past studies of reconnection have produced conflicting findings as to whether, and, if so, how much, reconnection heats electrons. Although reconnection has been found to heat electrons to 10 million kelvins in the Earth's magnetotail, it does not appear to heat electrons in the solar wind.
The evolution of Late Cretaceous deep‐ocean circulation in the Atlantic basins: Neodymium isotope evidence from South Atlantic drill sites for tectonic controls
Authors: Murphy Daniel P. , Thomas Deborah J.
Published: November 2013

The South Atlantic basins during the Late Cretaceous were characterized by overall expansion and the opening of deep‐water connections, eventually permitting deep‐ocean circulation with the Indian and North Atlantic basins. However, the evolving pattern of deep‐ocean circulation through the Late Cretaceous, particularly the timing of the connection between various basins, is not well constrained. Here we present new neodymium isotope data from five sites in the South Atlantic to reconstruct water mass chemistry and circulation patterns. The new data combined with previously published data indicate deep‐water formation occurred in the high‐latitude South Atlantic throughout the Late Cretaceous. Tectonic boundaries restricted the circulation of Southern Component Water until the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Gateway and the subsidence of Rio Grande Rise between ∼79 and 75 Ma. Subsidence of these features permitted the northward flow of Southern Component Water, which then ventilated the deep North Atlantic. Nd isotope data indicate that the South Atlantic water column during the Cenomanian to Santonian was vertically stratified between intermediate and deep waters, with increased mixing evident during the Campanian and Maastrichtian.
Infill of tunnel valleys associated with landward‐flowing ice sheets: The missing Middle Pleistocene record of the NW European rivers?
Authors: Moreau Julien , Huuse Mads
Published: November 2013

The southern termination of the Middle and Late Pleistocene Scandinavian ice sheets was repeatedly located in the southern North Sea (sNS) and adjacent, north‐sloping land areas. Giant meltwater‐excavated valleys (tunnel valleys) formed at the southern termination of the ice sheets and contain a hitherto enigmatic succession of northward prograding clinoforms, comprising 1000s km3 of sediment. This study analyses 3D seismic data, covering the entire sNS, and demonstrates for the first time that the formation of these tunnel valleys was separate from their infill. The infill constitutes the postglacial record of the NW European river deltas, which had so far been considered missing.
Bistable effect of organic enrichment on sea spray radiative properties
Authors: Vaishya Aditya , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Bialek Jakub , Jennings S. Gerard , Ceburnis Darius , O'Dowd Colin D.
Published: November 2013

Primary‐produced sea spray aerosol, typically comprising sea‐salt, but also enriched with organic matter (OM) in biologically active oceanic regions, impacts the global radiative budget through contributions to aerosol optical depth. We show that sea spray light‐scattering enhancement, f(RH), as a function of relative humidity (RH) is suppressed when enriched with OM. A new hygroscopic growth factor parameterization reveals a dual hygroscopicity state, flipping from high hygroscopicity and high f(RH) to low hygroscopicity and low f(RH) as the OM mixing volume percentage exceeds ~ 55% in sea spray. Under elevated wind speeds, this affects the Top‐of‐atmosphere direct radiative forcing (ΔF) by reducing the cooling contribution of sea spray by ~ 5.5 times compared to pure sea‐salt spray. These results suggest a positive feedback coupling between the marine biosphere, sea spray aerosol, and the direct radiative budget.
The distribution of dissolved and total dissolvable aluminum in the Beaufort Sea and Canada Basin region of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Giesbrecht Timothy , Sim Nari , Orians Kristin J. , Cullen Jay T.
Published: November 2013

Vertical profiles of the concentrations of dissolved Al [D‐Al] and total dissolvable Al [T‐Al] are reported from a transect extending from the continental shelf of the Beaufort Sea into the Canada Basin in the Arctic Ocean. Sampling was performed in late summer and early autumn 2007, a year of historically extensive sea‐ice melt. Vertical profiles of [D‐Al] displayed surface maxima (1–3 nmol kg−1), subsurface minima (<1 nmol kg−1) in the upper halocline layer (Upper HL; 50–200 m), and a general increase in concentration with depth to values of ∼5–10 nmol kg−1. Near surface maxima at this time were associated with relatively fresh surface waters (26–30) resulting from sea‐ice melt in the region. This observation supports sea ice with entrained sediments and surface deposition of aerosols as important mechanisms for the delivery of Al to surface waters of the Canada Basin. No correlation between D‐Al and silicic acid was observed and low D‐Al:Si ratios in waters >300 m depth suggest that Al is likely lost through particle scavenging in the interior of the Canada Basin. Concentrations of T‐Al show that particulate Al (>0.2 µm) is the dominant form of Al in the water column except at greater depths at the most offshore stations. Lateral transport of D‐Al and T‐Al off the shelf likely results from the offshore progression of cyclonic eddies spawned inshore, oscillating upwelling and downwelling favorable winds, and brine rejection during sea‐ice formation that can drive currents sufficiently energetic to resuspend shelf sediments.