bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subpopulation composition of PD-L1-positive lymphocytes in the primary tumour in luminal breast cancer patients
Authors: Tashireva L. A. , Kalinchuk A. Yu. , Alifanov V. V. , Grigoryeva E. A. , Andriukhova E. S. , Krakhmal N. V. , Popova N. O. , Perelmuter V. M.
Published: July 2024

The relationship between the tumour and the microenvironment is of great interest because it may determine the efficacy of new agents aimed at targeting the anti-tumour immune response, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI s), which have been used to treat breast cancer. PD -L1 status in immune cells should be examined when prescribing ICI s for breast cancer. This highlights the importance of studying the characteristics of the tumour microenvironment, the main approach being to uncover its heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to investigate the subpopulation composition of PD -L1-positive lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment, separately in each luminal subtype of BC, and to compare it according to the PD -L1 status of the tumour. Material and Methods. Fifty-two primary tumour samples were obtained from patients with invasive luminal A, luminal B HER2- and luminal B HER2+ subtypes of breast cancer (T1–2N0–1M0). No drug therapy was administered prior to surgery to any patient in this study. Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL s), B lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes, T regulatory lymphocytes and their PD -L1 expression in tumour tissue samples were assessed by flow cytometry, and tumour PD -L1 status was determined by Ventana SP 142 immunohistochemistry. Results. All of the key lymphocyte populations we identified were present in almost all patients. The number of PD -L1-positive Th2 lymphocytes was significantly higher in the luminal A and luminal B HER2- BC samples compared to the luminal B HER2+ cases (р=0.0240 and p=0.0092, respectively). When the proportion of PD -L1-positive cells was calculated, the proportion of PD -L1-positive Th2 lymphocytes and T regulatory lymphocytes was significantly lower in luminal B HER2-compared to luminal A BC. Cytotoxic lymphocytes, Th2 lymphocytes and T-regulatory lymphocytes represented the predominant PD -L1-positive immune cells in the breast cancer microenvironment and were present in higher numbers in PD -L1-positive luminal B HER2-. Conclusions. Different lymphocyte populations, including those expressing PD -L1, can be found in the breast cancer microenvironment and there are differences in their numbers between different luminal breast cancers. This may explain the discordant prognostic and predictive value of the microenvironment in luminal breast cancer when considered as a single molecular subtype.
Antibodies and anti-antibodies specific to estradiol and progesterone and tumor proliferation in breast cancer patients
Authors: Glushkov A. N. , Polenok E. G. , Gordeeva L. A. , Bayramov P. V. , Verzhbitskaya N. E. , Antonov A. V. , Kolpinsky G. I. , Kostyanko M. V.
Published: July 2024

The study was aimed to determine the interrelations between levels of serum antibodies specific to estradiol and progesterone (IgA1-E2 and IgA1-Pg) and corresponding antiidiotypic antibodies (IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg) and tumor Ki67 positive cells in breast cancer patients (BCP). Material and Methods. The content of these antibodies in the blood serum of BCP (522 at the I stage and 578 at the II –IV stages) was studied using non-competitive enzyme immunoassay. Ki67 was determined using immunohistochemical method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the Statistica 8.0 software. Results. There were no revealed the desired associations in BCP I stage. Tumors with high levels of Ki67 positive cells (>20,0 %) were found more often in BCP II –IV stages with high serum levels of IgA1-E2 together with IgA1-Pg than in BCP with low levels of these antibodies (68.8 vs 58.0 %, р=0.02). In contrast, tumors with Ki67>20,0 % were revealed less often in BCP with high levels of IgG2-E2 together with IgG2-Pg (49.6 vs 65.2 %, р=0.002). Tumors with high levels of Ki67 positive cells were revealed in 42.9 % BCP I stage and in 77.1 % BCP II –IV stages with high serum levels of IgA1-E2 and IgA1-Pg in combination with low serum levels of IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg (p<0.001). There were no such differences between BCP I and II -IV stages with low levels of IgA1-E2 and IgA1-Pg in combination with high levels of IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg (46.7 vs 48.2 %, accordingly, р=0.985). Conclusion. Antibodies against E2 and Pg synergistically promoted, but corresponding antiidiotypic antibodies synergistically inhibited the tumors proliferation in BCP. Immunoassay of antibodies and anti-antibodies to steroids is recommended for research of human hormone-dependent neoplasms progression.
Study of Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) as adjuvants that enhance the immunogenicity of an antitumor vaccine
Authors: Ponomarev A. V. , Tsarapaev P. V. , Baryshnikova M. A. , Sokolova Z. A. , Rudakova A. A. , Mironova M. V. , Gusev D. V. , Levagina G. M. , Danilenko E. D. , Kosorukov V. S.
Published: July 2024

Aim of the study: to compare the antitumor efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccines with the same antigens but different adjuvants: Ridostin Pro or Poly(I:C); to evaluate the effect of Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) on the cytokine profile of serum and the immunophenotype of mouse spleen cells. Material and Methods. To evaluate the antitumor efficacy of vaccines with different adjuvants, two transplantable tumor lines were used: melanoma B16-F10 and EG 7-OVA lymphoma (expressing ovalbumin) for C57BL/6 mice. Against melanoma B16-F10, vaccination with the peptide TRP2 180–188 with the studied adjuvants was performed in a mixed (preventive/therapeutic) and therapeutic regimens. Ovalbumin with adjuvants was vaccinated against EG 7 lymphoma in a therapeutic mode. The immunogenicity of vaccines with different adjuvants in mice without tumors was evaluated by the ELISPOT method. In this case, the peptide TRP2 180–188 and the protein ovalbumin also served as antigens. The cytokine profile of blood serum and changes in the immunophenotype of mouse spleen cells after administration of Ridostin Pro or Poly(I:C) were studied using flow cytometry. Results. In the B16-F10 model, vaccination in a mixed mode protected mice from tumor formation, and the mice lived for more than 100 days. For B16-F10 and EG 7, vaccination in the therapeutic mode led only to inhibition of tumor growth. Ridostin Pro and Poly(I:C) showed a similar ability to develop specific immunity to the peptide TRP2 and ovalbumin. Ridostin Pro increased cytokine levels in the blood serum of mice more strongly than Poly(I:C). Both drugs caused similar changes in the immunophenotype of spleen cells, but Ridostin Pro increased the number of CD 69+ T cells more strongly than Poly(I:C). Conclusion. The comparison of two drugs as adjuvants for antitumor vaccines showed that the domestic drug Ridostin Pro did not inferior in effectiveness to Poly(I:C) on mouse models. In this regard, Ridostin Pro can be considered as a promising adjuvant for antitumor vaccines and deserves further study.
Glosas introductorias al estudio del cuerpo presente: capitalismo e historia en clave política
Authors: Verhelst Hoyos Santiago
Published: July 2024

En los últimos años, el cuerpo ha aflorado como una de las preocupaciones reinantes en lo que se refiere a los estudios humanos y sociales. El estudio sobre el cuerpo es una exigencia para el conocimiento no solo de la semblanza humana, sino también del mundo y las condiciones sobre las cuales los cuerpos pueden subsistir y relacionarse entre sí. El cuerpo como una categoría u objeto de estudio es problemático, porque parece resistirse a una aprehensión total o a una nominación fija que lo excluya del constante devenir de la vida humana. En consecuencia, su estudio se abre de manera profusa y desde distintos ejes teóricos. En el presente escrito se procura establecer algunas pistas para la reflexión sobre el cuerpo en el mundo contemporáneo a través de la consideración del cuerpo en la historia y en el capitalismo, con un fuerte énfasis en la potencialidad política que siempre está implicada en los cuerpos.
Digital marketing as a determinant variable for improving the business performance
Authors: Hadiyati Ernani , Mulyono Sugeng , Gunadi
Published: July 2024

This study analyzes the complex relationships between digital marketing, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), сompetitiveness, and business performance in the creative industry Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), focusing on craft-leading products in urban areas of East Java province. According to the sample size, the number of survey respondents was 172. There were 86 male entrepreneurs (50%) and 86 female entrepreneurs (50%). Primary data were collected by distributing the questionnaires according to the number of respondents to SME entrepreneurs who are managers or company owners with competence in the business field and more than five years of business experience. The analysis used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results emphasize that digital marketing affects business performance through CRM by 0.126 with p-value of 0.006, and competitiveness by 0.260 with p-value of 0.000. It can be explained that digital media can identify, recruit, and turn potential customers into loyal customers. Higher demands from customers for online services are becoming increasingly crucial for digital marketing and business activities. The essence of the results of this study is that the more effective digital marketing is, the more influential the company’s CRM is to improve the company’s business performance, including profit growth, sales growth, and employment growth. The critical role of digital strategy, CRM, and competitiveness on business performance can overcome the challenges posed by the pandemic and drive success in creative industry SMEs of superior products in East Java, highlighted in this study.
AcknowledgmentThe author would like to thank the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. Directorate General of Higher Education, Research and Technology of The Republic of Indonesia, which has supported the research implementation and permitted publication of this article.
New guidelines on radiation survey and sanitary assessment of residential, public and industrial buildings and facilities in terms of radiation safety indicators. Part 1
Authors: Kononenko D. V. , Kormanovskaya T. A. , Vasilyev A. S. , Saprykin K. A.
Published: July 2024

The paper (in two parts) presents an overview of the new guidelines MR 2.6.1.0333-23 (approved on 01 December 2023) that supersede guidelines MU 2.6.1.2838-11, which were used for organizing radiation surveys of residential, public and industrial buildings and facilities and their sanitary assessment in terms of radiation safety indicators over the past 12 years. Due to a large number of critical comments on the document received during this period, a need for significant revision emerged. The scope of the revised document was expanded and now covers all stages of the life cycle of buildings and facilities: commissioning; operation period; overhaul and reconstruction; demolition. In the first part of the paper, the structure and legal status of the new guidelines are considered, as well as the main innovations in terms of measuring the ambient dose equivalent rate of gamma radiation, searching and identifying local radiation anomalies and sites of radioactive contamination, measuring surface contamination levels, and determining the minimum number of premises to be surveyed. The reasons for the introduction of certain changes are outlined. The issues of evaluation of measurement uncertainty, reporting of measurement results and registration of test reports are covered in detail. In the second part of the paper, numerous innovations will be considered in terms of estimating the indoor average annual equilibrium equivalent concentration of radon isotopes.
Improving the approach to calculating shielding in computed tomography rooms
Authors: Druzhinina P. S. , Chipiga L. A. , Golikov V. Yu. , Vodovatov A. V. , Bazhin S. Yu. , Shleenkova E. N. , Berkovich G. V. , Soldatov I. V. , Lantukh Z. A. , Tolkachev K. V.
Published: July 2024

The study assessed the acceptability of the currently existing approach to calculating shielding in computed tomography rooms and formulated proposals for its improvement, taking into account the parameters of research in domestic medical practice. It is proposed to use the dose-length product as the main measured parameter in the new approach to calculating shielding. Typical tomograph workload values of dose-length product, typical for examinations in the Russian Federation, were assessed. Using thermoluminescent detectors, the experimental assessment of the distribution of absorbed dose in the air in a computed tomography room was carried out. The experimental results showed that the distribution of of X-ray exposure in the central plane is not isotropic. Due to the attenuation of exposure by the gantry design, “shadow” zones are observed, where  the  absorbed  dose  reduction  in  the  air  reaches  10-13  times  compared  to  its  level  in  the  direction  of couch movement. Based on the results of measurements of the distribution of absorbed dose in air, the relative scatter coefficients were calculated. The workload was determined for 7 tomographs (1 in St. Petersburg and 6 in Moscow). For each tomograph, the average weekly number of head and body examinations and the values    of dose-length product for these areas were assessed, taking into account the number of multiphase examinations. The obtained workload values   turned out to be one or two orders of magnitude higher than those currently used in calculating shielding. Based on the results of the study and literature data, the work proposes a  new  approach  to  calculating  shielding  in  computed  tomography  rooms,  based  on  the  value  of  measured dose-length product during the examination and allowing to take into account the specifics of the operation of the device.
Types of Casual Interpretation in Law
Authors: Dudko G. N. ,   Saratov State Law Academy
Published: July 2024

The article examines various approaches to the identification of numerous grounds according to which the systematization of casual interpretation in law should be carried out. It is noted that the specific differentiation of the casual interpretation of legal norms refers to the problems of classification. The author draws attention to a number of requirements that should be followed when developing bases for stratifying varieties of casual interpretation. Among them are: clarity, rigor and immutability of the bases of division; completeness of coverage; consideration of the laws of logic; approximation; relevance of classification. It is pointed out that in the historical context, there were many alternating approaches to the issue of species diversity of casual interpretation. At the present stage, the casual interpretation of legal norms is classified according to a number of grounds: the degree of binding interpretation results, subjects, degree of freedom of treatment of the object of interpretation, stages, forms and scope of casual interpretative activity. The list of variations of the studied phenomenon is considered in detail in accordance with the stratification bases that were presented by the author. In the end, it is summarized that the classification of casual interpretation in law allows you to gain new knowledge about the types of interpretative activity you are looking for and how to structure it on a number of key grounds.
Depositing as a Way of Fixing the Creation of Copyright and Related Rights Objects on the Internet
Authors: Adamyan K. M. ,   The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: July 2024

In the modern world the problem of protecting copyright and related rights on the Internet is caused by the rapid development of digital technologies and the imperfection of legislative regulation on the protection of these rights. The most common violations of intellectual property rights on the Internet are plagiarism and piracy. Such violations are related to the difficulty of their identification by the copyright holder, as well as the difficulty of proving the ownership of copyright and related rights to the results of intellectual activity to a specific person. In the article, the author considers depositing as a modern and relevant way of recording the creation of the results of intellectual activity distributed on the Internet. Currently, many services (special platforms) on the Internet allow depositing objects of copyright and related rights. Most of these services use blockchain technologies, which are distributed registry technologies. In practice, the use of such technologies causes certain difficulties, since there is no legal regulation of these technologies at the legislative level. Records in the blockchain certify the existence of the owner's rights to digital assets. Such records are called tokens and contain information about the copyright holders for the results of intellectual activity. At the legislative level, the deposit of the results of intellectual activity is not mandatory and is not regulated by law. In addition, the deposit does not confirm the authorship of a particular person for an object of copyright or related rights. In order to fix the creation of the results of intellectual activity in the digital environment and protect copyright and related rights, confirm authorship of such results, the author proposes to create a publicly available All-Russian register of intellectual rights as an unified register of intellectual activity results, the maintenance of which can be attributed to the competence of Rospatent.
Barriers to water, sanitation, and hygiene in Sub-Saharan Africa: a mini review
Authors: Hlongwa Nelile , Nkomo S'phumelele L. , Desai Sumaiya A.
Published: July 2024

Inadequate access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is a worldwide issue which affects many developing countries. The establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) intends to address the need for additional provision of WASH. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has one of the lowest levels of access to water and sanitation. Certain inequalities exist between regions as well as between rural and urban populations. This paper reviews the literature on the barriers of WASH in SSA. The barriers are categorized as follows: institutional, economic, political, and geographical. Subsequently, this review examines the coverage of WASH services in SSA during the era of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and under the current SDG period attempting to illustrate its progress in reaching SDG 6 targets. The findings of this paper are as follows: the region needs to make accelerated progress in meeting the targets, and there are also ongoing disparities between urban and rural populations. Recommendations are also provided which include the national development agenda to prioritize WASH, establishing a clear institutional framework for WASH, and increasing WASH finance.
Developing Economic and Mathematic Models of Company Tax Burden Taking into Account Specific Features of Industry
Authors: Kovalenko S. N.
Published: July 2024

The importance and appraisal of enterprise tax burden is underlined by its serious impact on its finance and business functioning. In order to conduct a high-quality tax controlling, cut tax risks and achieve optimal tax burden the author focuses attention on studying theoretical principles and approaches to estimating the impact of tax burden on business activity of the organization. Through analyzing economic and mathematic methods of assessing company tax burden elaborated by Russian scientists, focus was made on the importance of investigating this indicator within the frames of econometric modeling with the help of language R. To estimate the impact of tax burden on results of business activity and finance and economic factor on the amount of tax burden the article proposed to build models with panel data, whose shaping can help identify steps aimed at upgrading tax control and tax burden management.
Assessing Potential of Import Substitution in Industry Based on Multi-Criteria Rating of Alternatives by Integral Indicator of Efficiency
Authors: Berkutova T. A. , Blagodatsky G. A. , Gorokhov M. M.
Published: July 2024

The article provides a mathematic model of assessing the potential of import substitution at big industrial enterprises and in branches of production. The practical use of the model is carried out in conditions of Russian highly technological enterprise passing-over to home material and technical base of components in order to ensure technological independence. Assessment of import substitution potential is based on building the optimum plan of settling the transport task and level of suppliers’ product deficit by goods nomenclature in the optimum plan of settling the open transport task of product completing. The task is studied in view of manufacturing traction electric motors used in producing military equipment as well as products of civil and dual purpose in cooperation with contracting parties (suppliers) of components. In this case concrete variants of completing electric motors can influence both quality and price of the final product. In the mathematic model all components are estimated by cost and rated by usefulness hierarchy. For electric motors the equal contribution of forces to component cost was found.
Principles of HR Strategic Management in Innovation Entrepreneurial Structures
Authors: Samaibekova Z. K.
Published: July 2024

In innovation entrepreneurial structures, where dynamism and continuous changes become everyday factors HR strategic management plays a key role in reaching success. Elaboration and effective implementation of strategies in HR management require observance of several fundamental principles. The article studies principles of HR strategic management in innovation business structures, which build the basis of successful strategic management in innovation development, where efficiency of HR management becomes a key factor for attaining goals and maintaining competitiveness. The author pointed out to the importance of adaptation and flexibility in HR management so that the innovation business structure could respond quickly to changes in market environment and technological trends. At the same time the author also highlighted such aspects as orientation to employees’ development, leadership strengthening, motivation of creative thinking and team-building that can introduce innovation. Efficient HR management can serve as a catalyst for elaboration, development and sustainable introduction of innovation in entrepreneurial structures.
Analysis of Experience and Problems of Using the Concept of Sustainable Development in Company Work
Authors: Skuratov S. V.
Published: July 2024

The use of the sustainable development concept in current circumstances is one of priority lines of today’s company progress. Within the frames of the present research the author analyzed probable challenges of this concept use. Apart from that, the article pointed out that sustainable development of company management in crisis requires executives’ flexibility, professionalism, ability to make difficult decisions and orientation to the result. At the same time, providing company sustainability in crisis is liable to the impact from external and internal factors and depends on functional trends of its work. Strategic vision of situation development both on market and inside the company can give an opportunity to see prospects of the company sustainable development, identify key goals and priorities and realize consequences of current decision-making for shaping sustainability of the company.
The Use of Content-Marketing in Complex Development of Non-Urbanized Territories in Russia
Authors: Zhukovskii A. D.
Published: July 2024

The article deals with practical aspects of using content-marketing to improve social and economic appeal and complex development of non-urbanized territories in Russia. The author showed that the process of business climate development on territories with low population density is a whole complex of measures. In practice they are connected with target positioning of each region and spot lighting of its concrete benefits for potential partners and economically active people, who would like to swap their megalopolis for more placid life and realize themselves beyond big cities. It was shown that content-marketing can serve as a universal tool for resolving problems of regional development in Russia. It is based on approaches of step-by-step bringing the target audience to decisionmaking about buying goods, services or taking part in an investment project. In case of Russian regions it means a decision to invest in the region, set up highly-technological enterprises or business connected with agriculture. At the same time entrepreneurs could get an additional incentive for realizing their ideas in the form of state support with a broad range of tax privileges and subsidies and as maximum – availability of a preferential zone in the region, where state is interested in creating jobs and intensive development of a concrete territory. It was underlined that in Russia preferential zones are mainly arranged on non-urbanized territories far from big cities and agglomerations. The article provided examples of content-marketing functioning in promotion of existing highlytechnological enterprises and business-projects being developed now in every region of the country. The use of successful experience in developing regions was studied also on less successful territories, which require operative alterations in their positioning. A conclusion was drawn that high-quality positioning of the region is a secure investment in its development and a universal tool for sustainable development of non-urbanized territories in Russia.
A Study on the YouTube Revitalisation of the University Library Through the Survey of Student Users’ Behaviour and Needs
Authors: Noh Hui Seon , Lee Mun Hag ,   The Korean Publishing Science Society
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted to present ways to activate university library YouTube through an investigation of the usage behavior and demands of domestic university students towards university library YouTube. The study proceeded as follows. First, an analysis of domestic and international university library YouTube channels was conducted to summarize the operation status and content of university library YouTube. Second, a survey was conducted targeting domestic university students who have experience using university library YouTube. The derived activation strategies are as follows. First, it is necessary to connect YouTube to the library website to make it easily accessible for university students. Second, it is necessary to promote the existence of university library YouTube to university students through offline library events and promotional materials. Third, In order to attract university student users, the university library should consistently upload content to YouTube. Fourth, providing short-form content that summarizes book information is necessary. Fifth, user education and lecture content should be provided. Sixth, interesting content should be provided. University students are sensitive to trends, and new generations will continue to enter universities in the future. YouTube's environment will also continue to change. Therefore, continuous research is necessary to activate university library YouTube.
Fundamentals of Nanotechnology
Authors: Weerasinghe Laksiri , Munaweera Imalka , Kumarage Senuri
Published: July 2024

Nanomaterials, a category of materials with a dimension in the nanometric
range (1 nm-100 nm), were first recognized in 1959. They have unique physical,
chemical, and mechanical properties, with nanoparticle size affecting properties like
melting temperature, ionization potential, colour, electron affinity, electrical
conductivity, and magnetism which is different from their bulk material.
Nanotechnology improves biomarker development and aids in developing more
sensitive treatments in medicine using nanodevices which enhances drug discovery by
improving the understanding of biological processes, disease mechanisms, and
signalling pathways.
This chapter provides an overview of nanomaterials and examines their distinct
properties. The key top-down and bottom-up methods for synthesizing nanomaterials
are also explained along with specific examples. The chapter will also include a
summary of several nanoparticle characterization methods and the attributes associated
with each method. In addition, comprehensive information about advanced devices that
have been inspired by nanotechnology to increase the efficiency of the drug
development process through a better understanding of the biological mechanisms
underlying diseases, signalling pathways, and the precise effects of medications have
also been discussed. The chapter will conclude by outlining the advantages and
challenges of using nanotechnology in drug development and treatment.
Development of Nanomaterials as Drug Candidates
Authors: Weerasinghe Laksiri , Munaweera Imalka , Kumarage Senuri
Published: July 2024

Nanomaterials, with their unique therapeutic traits such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties, can be used as drug
candidates to treat a wide range of diseases. Nano complexes like dendrimers, carbon
nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene-based nanomaterials, carbon quantum dots,
nanohydrogels, peptide nanostructures, MXenes, Silicene, and Antimonene have been
distinguished by researchers, among the many nanomaterials because of their lower
toxicity, ease of tuning to the desired end use, complex interactions with biological
macromolecules, and solubility properties. This chapter will present the most recent
research details on nanomaterials that have been developed as therapeutic candidates to
treat a number of illnesses.
Nanotechnology in Drug Discovery
Authors: Weerasinghe Laksiri , Munaweera Imalka , Kumarage Senuri
Published: July 2024

This book provides a compressive overview of nanotechnology in modern drug discovery for students and researchers. The book starts with the fundamentals of nanotechnology followed by nanomaterials in pharmaceutical drug design, drug delivery applications, regulatory aspects, formulation and nanoparticle biotransformation. It provides a step by step guide through the drug development process while conveying information about the benefits of nanomaterials for therapy. The book concludes with perspective on the future of nanotechnology-based drug discovery, summarizing current knowledge on nanotherapeutics and translational medicine.

Key Features

- Explains the fundamentals of nanotechnology in drug discovery

- Includes up-to-date information on modern nanopharmaceutical manufacturing, nanomaterials, and nanoparticle-based drug therapy

- Practice questions for learners and a list of references for advanced readers for each chapter
Fake News Fatores de suscetibilidade e de disseminação
Authors: Vilhena Matilde de , Moreira Samuel , Guedes In^s Sousa
Published: July 2024

By mimicking journalistic formats and blending real facts with fabricated ones, with the deliberate intention of deceiving, fake news affects trust in the media and harms democratic debate. Thus, identifying the characteristics of fake news, how they differ from true news, and their dissemination enables the informing of policies on digital and media literacy. This article represents a review of the literature in this domain. Initially, it presents a clarification of the main concepts, then discusses the determinants of susceptibility and dissemination of fake news most addressed by the scientific community, namely individual, social, and contextual factors.
Peritonsillar Block with Triamcinolone as a Preemptive Analgesia in Tonsillectomy with Bipolar Electrocauter
Authors: Firdaus Faundra Arieza ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Hermina Hospital, Malang Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the common types of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery. Patients undergoing tonsillectomy frequently experience significant postoperative pain due to oropharyngeal muscle spasms and irritation of afferent nerve fibers. According to previous studies, triamcinolone for peritonsillar block was used to reduce postoperative pain in patients who have undergone tonsillectomy. The aims and objectives of this study were to observe the effectiveness of peritonsillar block using triamcinolone for reducing pain in patients with post-tonsillectomy using the bipolar electrocautery technique. Case: A 34-years-old male patient with chronic tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was undergoing tonsillectomy with general anesthesia and peritonsillar block after general anesthesia with triamcinolone 0,5 mg/kg body weight in the right and left fossa peritonsillar. Postoperative hemodynamic monitoring was carried out in the inpatient room. Patients were assessed for pain scale after tonsillectomy and side effects of triamcinolone, with pain indicator using the Wong-baker faces pain rating scale, numeric pain rating scale, and Face, legs, activity, cry and consolability (FLACC) Scale. Pain scales were assessed 1 hour after the tonsillectomy in the recovery room, 3 hours after the tonsillectomy in the inpatient room, 8 hours after the tonsillectomy in the inpatient room, 1 day after the tonsillectomy in the inpatient room, and 2 days after the tonsillectomy by phone. The patient went out of the hospital after 1 day of tonsillectomy. Conclusion: Peritonsillar block with triamcinolone is effective in reducing pain after tonsillectomy and can be the drug of choice when administering peritonsillar block.
MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN KESEHATAN MENTAL DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA: SOLUSI KOLABORATIF ANTARA PENDIDIKAN DAN LAYANAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Irawan M. Ferry ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Bella Sinta , Nurhijatina Havifa
Published: July 2024

The mental health of students in higher education environments has become an increasingly deep concern due to its impact on their well-being and academic performance. This study aims to explore the relationship between participation in mental health programs and the mental well-being of students. Through a survey of 500 students and in-depth interviews with a number of participants. The research results show that students who actively participate in mental health programs tend to have lower levels of stress, lower levels of depression, and higher levels of life satisfaction compared to those who do not participate. The implications of these findings indicate the importance of promoting and supporting student participation in mental health programs in higher education institutions to enhance their mental well-being. Thus, these results provide a deeper understanding of how mental health programs can contribute to students' mental well-being, as well as highlighting the need for collaborative approaches between educational institutions and welfare services to create supportive environments for student mental health.
HUBUNGAN SELF EFFICACY DENGAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KARANGAN DESKRIPSI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IX SMP NEGERI 2 KABAWETAN
Authors: Septriani Amanda Putri ,   Universitas Sriwijaya, Vara Cherryna Gumay , Nadilah Wika , Putri Abelia Aisya , Tanjung Romi Fajar , AR Silvia
Published: July 2024

Study skills are an important ability to achieve success in academic achievement. Self-efficacy is also important which will show the level of individual confidence in completing tasks or achieving desired goals. This research is intended to describe the level of skill in writing descriptive essays and the level of student self-efficacy and to see the correlation between these variables. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a correlational type. The research respondents were 63 students at SMP Negeri 2 Kabawetan. Data collection uses writing skills and self-efficacy instruments. Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive and correlation analysis. Data processing was carried out using Excel and SPSS applications. From the research results, it was found that most of the students who were research respondents had descriptive essay writing skills in the medium category. Most of the students in this study also had moderate self-efficacy. In this research, it was also found that self-efficacy had a significant positive correlation with descriptive essay writing skills
MEMPELAJARI BENCANA ALAM MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SD KELAS 1 TEMA 8 SUBTEMA 4 KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Ihsanudin Raisan ,   Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indriani Tania , Febrian Muhamad , Rustini Tin
Published: July 2024

The Ring of Fire that traverses Indonesia makes it a region vulnerable to earthquakes. Not only are Indonesia’s characteristic earthquakes a concern, but being an archipelagic nation also renders it susceptible to tsunamis. This article explores how Science Learning can provide a deeper understanding of natural disasters. Additionally, the research method employed—qualitative descriptive approach—is discussed, along with an analysis of the student textbook for Grade 1, Theme 8, titled “Natural Disasters.” The challenges faced by teachers in explaining this material are also addressed, including how they can create a dynamic learning environment, provide additional learning resources, and emphasize the importance of understanding natural disasters.
IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATIONAL GAMES BASED ON ROLE PLAYING GAMES (RPG) AS A LEARNING MEDIA FOR CHARACTER EDUCATION
Authors: Akhnaf Ardhito Faza ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Ayu Winda Kusuma , A. Erico Pratama Nugraha ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia,   Universitas Islam Indonesia
Published: July 2024

The escalating issue of demoralization within the younger generation in Indonesia is exacerbated by the diminishing character values, often attributed to the pervasive influence of globalization. Recognizing the inadequacy of character education in schools, there is a pressing need for more engaging and interactive approaches to instill character in the youth. One promising avenue is leveraging games, given the prevalent engagement of young people in this activity. Among the various game genres, role-playing games (RPGs) stand out as particularly popular. This study, utilizing a literature review research method with descriptive analysis, aims to elucidate the implementation of RPG-based educational games as a medium for character education in the younger generation. The literature study findings underscore the potential of RPGs to serve as effective character education tools for adolescents, stimulating essential aspects such as ethical thinking, moral reasoning, value systems, friendship, self-scaffolding, and metacognition.
TRADISI BOBOK BUMBUNG SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMBANGUN KARAKTER SISWA BERPRINSIP PANCASILA
Authors: Saputri Ines Ika ,   SMP Negeri 3 Kroya
Published: July 2024

Technological disruption needs to be accompanied by character formation based on Pancasila principles so that the younger generation is able to protect themselves from the negative impacts it causes. One of the efforts is through local wisdom, as is done by the Pesanggrahan village community with the bobok bumbung tradition. This research aims to determine the procession and efforts to build a character with Pancasila principles through the bobok bumbung tradition. Researchers used qualitative descriptive methods. The techniques and instruments in this research are observation analysis, interview guidelines, and documentation in the form of photos. The informants for the interviews selected in this research were village officials, village elders, and students of SMP Negeri 3 Kroya who follow this tradition. The validation used in this research is the triangulation technique. The results of this research show that the traditional Bobok Tubung procession is carried out with traditional arts performances and competitions. Character formation based on creative character values, caring for nature, and a clean lifestyle, is realized through art performances, coloring competitions, and fashion shows. Responsible character, love for the homeland, togetherness, discipline, agility, and resilience through traditional arts. The formation of caring, cooperative, and patriotic characters is realized through the puppet show Pandawa Syukur. There is a need to preserve and develop this tradition. Further research needs to be conducted, so that we can find out the extent of the success of character formation with Pancasila principles through the bobok bumbung tradition.
Revisión: efecto del factor estrés, color e intensidad de luz sobre la producción de astaxantina en Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Gamboa Herrera Angie Daniela , Guerrero Martínez Ingrid Margarita , Camacho Kurmen Judith Elena
Published: July 2024

Haematococcus pluvialis es una microalga de agua dulce, productora principalmente de astaxantina. Este carotenoide es usado como pigmento y compuesto bioactivo en diferentes industrias como la alimenticia, nutracéutica, farmacéutica, cosmética, acuicultura y textil.  En este estudio se determinaron las variables relacionadas con la luz como las fuentes usadas, uso de fotobiorreactores, el fotoperiodo adecuado, el valor exacto de irradiancia y de color relacionándolos con la expresión de genes para la obtención de astaxantina en mayor cantidad. Este carotenoide presentó su mayor producción entre 81, 19 mg/L a 167,97 mg/L cuando se utilizaron lámparas fluorescentes blancas con irradiancias entre 150 y 400 μmol m-2 s-1. Con el uso de ledes de color rojo y azul con led blanca, usando irradiancias entre 135 y 400 μmol m-2 s-1 se obtuvieron concentraciones de 82,82 ± 3,29 mg/ L y de 151,8mg/L, de astaxantina, respectivamente. El uso de led de color azul y blanco incrementó la expresión de los genes psy y CrtO/bkt, importantes en la acumulación de astaxantina. Esta investigación aporta a la factibilidad tecnológica del uso de  ledes por las ventajas que presenta, la diversidad en tamaños desde el  pequeño, ligero, duradero y eficiente en términos de mayor vida útil, además de que la cantidad de luz que se desprende es mucho mayor en comparación con su consumo de energía, como aporte a los  avances tecnológicos y biotecnológicos en la producción de astaxantina para adaptarlos al uso de los fotobiorreactores y optimizar las condiciones de cultivo y producción de astaxantina en H. pluvialis.
Pekan Wayang Indonesia dan Pengaruh Orde Baru Dalam Kesenian Wayang Kulit (1969-1993)
Authors: Hadi Kuncoro , Murdiyastomo H.Y. Agus , Dien Zukhrufa Ken Satya
Published: July 2024

Kajian budaya khususnya kesenian wayang di Jawa masa Orde Baru menarik untuk diteliti. Mengingat pada masa Orde Baru kesenian wayang dikembangkan tetapi juga dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji  pengaruh kepentingan Orde Baru dalam kesenian wayang melalui berbagai kebijakan, termasuk diselenggarakannya Pekan Wayang Indonesia. Bagaimana keterlibatan Orde Baru dalam  struktur pelembagaan pewayangan. Bagaimana pengaruh kepentingan politik negara melalui penanaman gagasan pembangunan nasional serta Pancasila dalam pentas wayang selama masa Orde Baru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode sejarah. Ada empat langkah metode sejarah. Pertama, pencarian sumber-sumber yang berkaitan dengan penelitian (heuristik). Kedua, kritik sumber yang meliputi kritik ekstern dan kritik intern (verifikasi). Ketiga, penafsiran fakta-fakta sejarah (interpretasi). Keempat, penulisan sejarah (historiografi). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi perawatan seni tradisi, dan pengembangannya khususnya wayang, yang sekaligus dimanfaatkan untuk melanggengkan kekuasaan. Kata kunci: Pekan Wayang Indonesia, kesenian, wayang kulit, Orde Baru
REALIDAD AUMENTADA EN EL AULA DE QUÍMICA: ESTRATEGIA MULTIMEDIA PARA MEJORAR LA COMPRENSIÓN DE COMPUESTOS EN ESTUDIANTES DE SECUNDARIA
Authors: López Hernández Jaime Andrés , Rangel Vellojín Julio José , Calao Durango Sebastian José
Published: July 2024

Este estudio aborda la problemática de la desmotivación y la dificultad en la comprensión de compuestos químicos entre los estudiantes de secundaria. Se empleó la investigación basada en diseño, en una población de estudiantes de grado 10 de la Institución Educativa San José de Montería, y la muestra fue el curso de grado 10°1. El objetivo central fue optimizar el proceso de aprendizaje mediante la aplicación de Realidad Aumentada (RA) como estrategia pedagógica. La metodología integral analizó las condiciones educativas y las necesidades de estudiantes y docentes para la implementación efectiva de la RA. Los resultados destacan la eficacia de la RA en mejorar la comprensión de los compuestos químicos, observándose mejoras notables en la retención de conocimientos y un aumento considerable en el interés de los estudiantes en el tema. Sin embargo, se identificaron desafíos como la necesidad de capacitación docente y garantizar acceso equitativo a dispositivos y recursos tecnológicos. Este estudio resalta el potencial transformador de la RA en la enseñanza secundaria de química, enfatizando la importancia de preparación y recursos para su implementación efectiva, con implicaciones educativas y tecnológicas, respaldando futuras investigaciones.
AMBIENTE VIRTUAL PARA EL FORTALECIMIENTO DEL APRENDIZAJE DE NOMENCLATURAS QUÍMICAS EN GRADO 10° DE LA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA ANTONIA SANTOS
Authors: Rubio Gómez Jorman , Negrete Cabrales Luis , Díaz Ramos Sandra Milena
Published: July 2024

El siguiente artículo propuso la implementación de un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje para fortalecer los procesos de aprendizaje en nomenclaturas de óxidos, bases, ácidos y sales en el área de química de los estudiantes de grado 10° de la Institución Educativa Antonia Santos. Se identificó que muchos estudiantes de educación secundaria tenían dificultades para aprender química, lo que se reflejaba en un bajo rendimiento académico y una actitud pasiva en el aula. El objetivo general fue implementar un ambiente virtual que fortaleciera los procesos de aprendizaje en nomenclaturas químicas en el área de química. La metodología propuesta fue de tipo cualitativo y se utilizó la investigación-acción para observar la situación problemática, construir un bosquejo de la misma y recolectar los datos necesarios, analizar e interpretar el ambiente, y finalmente, actuar para resolver la problemática e implementar una mejora. Los resultados de esta investigación revelaron que la mayoría de los estudiantes lograron una notable mejora en el reconocimiento de nomenclaturas químicas, con un 92% capaz de identificarlas correctamente, mientras que el 58% pudo escribir adecuadamente las fórmulas y el 69% realizó exitosamente el balanceo de ecuaciones químicas. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la eficacia del ambiente virtual como herramienta para facilitar el aprendizaje, respaldados por una encuesta de satisfacción que se realizó donde la mayoría de los estudiantes valoraron positivamente el ambiente virtual, considerándolo motivador y de calidad.