bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neddylation of insulin receptor substrate acts as a bona fide regulator of insulin signaling and its implications for cancer cell migration
Authors: Park Jun Bum , Moon Geon Ho , Cho Ara , Kwon Minji , Park Jong-Wan , Yi Eugene C. , Kim Haeryoung , Fukuda Junji , Kwak Cheol , Ko Young-Gyu , Chun Yang-Sook
Published: January 2024

Irregularities in insulin signaling have significantly increased the risk of various cancers, yet the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Within our study, we observed that inhibiting neddylation enhances cancer cell migration across different cancer types by activating both insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS1 and IRS2), along with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Notably, in the context of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) patients, whether they had type 2 diabetes mellitus or not, IRS1 and IRS2 displayed a parallel relationship with each other while exhibiting an inverse relationship with NEDD8. We also identified C-CBL as an E3 ligase responsible for neddylating IRS1 and IRS2, with clinical evidence further confirming a reciprocal relationship between C-CBL and pAKT, thereby reinforcing the tumor suppressive role of C-CBL. Altogether, these findings suggest that neddylation genuinely participates in IRS1 and IRS2-dependent insulin signaling, effectively suppressing cancer cell migration. Thus, caution is advised when considering neddylation inhibitors as a treatment option for cancer patients, particularly those presenting with insulin signaling dysregulations linked to conditions like obesity-related type 2 diabetes or hyperinsulinemia.
Unlocking the potential: analyzing 3D microstructure of small-scale cement samples from space using deep learning
Authors: Saseendran Vishnu , Yamamoto Namiko , Collins Peter J. , Radlińska Aleksandra , Mueller Sara , Jackson Enrique M.
Published: January 2024

Due to the prohibitive cost of transporting raw materials into Space, in-situ materials along with cement-like binders are poised to be employed for extraterrestrial construction. A unique methodology for obtaining microstructural topology of cement samples hydrated in microgravity environment at the International Space Station (ISS) is presented here. Distinctive Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs of hardened tri-calcium silicate (C3S) samples were used as exemplars in a deep learning-based microstructure reconstruction framework. The proposed method aids in generation of an ensemble of microstructures that is inherently statistical in nature, by utilizing sparse experimental data such as the C3S samples hydrated in microgravity. The hydrated space-returned samples had exhibited higher porosity content (~70 %) with the portlandite phase assuming an elongated plate-like morphology. Qualitative assessment of the volumetric slices from the reconstructed volumes showcased similar visual characteristics to that of the target 2D exemplar. Detailed assessment of the reconstructed volumes was carried out using statistical descriptors, and was further compared against micro-CT virtual data. The reconstructed volumes captured the unique microstructural morphology of the hardened C3S samples of both space-returned and ground-based samples, and can be directly employed as Representative Volume Element (RVE) to characterize mechanical/transport properties.
Dipolar skyrmions and antiskyrmions of arbitrary topological charge at room temperature
Authors: Hassan Mariam , Koraltan Sabri , Ullrich Aladin , Bruckner Florian , Serha Rostyslav O. , Levchenko Khrystyna V. , Varvaro Gaspare , Kiselev Nikolai S. , Heigl Michael , Abert Claas , Suess Dieter , Albrecht Manfred
Published: January 2024

Magnetic skyrmions are localized, stable topological magnetic textures that can move and interact with each other like ordinary particles when an external stimulus is applied. The efficient control of the motion of spin textures using spin-polarized currents opened an opportunity for skyrmionic devices such as racetrack memory and neuromorphic or reservoir computing. The coexistence of skyrmions with high topological charge in the same system promises further possibilities for efficient technological applications. In this work, we directly observe dipolar skyrmions and antiskyrmions with arbitrary topological charge in Co/Ni multilayers at room temperature. We explore the dipolar-stabilized spin objects with topological charges of up to 10 and characterize their nucleation process, their energy dependence on the topological charge and the effect of the material parameters on their stability. Furthermore, our micromagnetic simulations demonstrate spin-transfer-induced motion of these spin objects, which is important for their potential device application.
Engineering multimode interactions in circuit quantum acoustodynamics
Authors: von Lüpke Uwe , Rodrigues Ines C. , Yang Yu , Fadel Matteo , Chu Yiwen
Published: January 2024

In recent years, important progress has been made towards encoding and processing quantum information in the large Hilbert space of bosonic modes. Mechanical resonators have several practical advantages for this purpose, because they confine many high-quality-factor modes into a small volume and can be easily integrated with different quantum systems. However, it is challenging to create direct interactions between different mechanical modes that can be used to emulate quantum gates. Here we demonstrate an in situ tunable beamsplitter-type interaction between several mechanical modes of a high-overtone bulk acoustic-wave resonator. The engineered interaction is mediated by a parametrically driven superconducting transmon qubit, and we show that it can be tailored to couple pairs or triplets of phononic modes. Furthermore, we use this interaction to demonstrate the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect between phonons. Our results lay the foundations for using phononic systems as quantum memories and platforms for quantum simulations.
Computationally designed sensors detect endogenous Ras activity and signaling effectors at subcellular resolution
Authors: Zhang Jason Z. , Nguyen William H. , Greenwood Nathan , Rose John C. , Ong Shao-En , Maly Dustin J. , Baker David
Published: January 2024

The utility of genetically encoded biosensors for sensing the activity of signaling proteins has been hampered by a lack of strategies for matching sensor sensitivity to the physiological concentration range of the target. Here we used computational protein design to generate intracellular sensors of Ras activity (LOCKR-based Sensor for Ras activity (Ras-LOCKR-S)) and proximity labelers of the Ras signaling environment (LOCKR-based, Ras activity-dependent Proximity Labeler (Ras-LOCKR-PL)). These tools allow the detection of endogenous Ras activity and labeling of the surrounding environment at subcellular resolution. Using these sensors in human cancer cell lines, we identified Ras-interacting proteins in oncogenic EML4-Alk granules and found that Src-Associated in Mitosis 68-kDa (SAM68) protein specifically enhances Ras activity in the granules. The ability to subcellularly localize endogenous Ras activity should deepen our understanding of Ras function in health and disease and may suggest potential therapeutic strategies.
Fluorescence microscopy and correlative brightfield videos of mitochondria and vesicles in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts
Authors: Opstad Ida S. , Birgisdottir Åsa B. , Agarwal Krishna
Published: January 2024

This paper presents data acquired to study the dynamics and interactions of mitochondria and subcellular vesicles in living cardiomyoblasts. The study was motivated by the importance of mitochondrial quality control and turnover in cardiovascular health. Although fluorescence microscopy is an invaluable tool, it presents several limitations. Correlative fluorescence and brightfield images (label-free) were therefore acquired with the purpose of achieving virtual labelling via machine learning. In comparison with the fluorescence images of mitochondria, the brightfield images show vesicles and subcellular components, providing additional insights about sub-cellular components. A large part of the data contains correlative fluorescence images of lysosomes and/or endosomes over a duration of up to 400 timepoints (>30 min). The data can be reused for biological inferences about mitochondrial and vesicular morphology, dynamics, and interactions. Furthermore, virtual labelling of mitochondria or subcellular vesicles can be achieved using these datasets. Finally, the data can inspire new imaging experiments for cellular investigations or computational developments. The data is available through two large, open datasets on DataverseNO.
Elbow dimensions in quadrupedal mammals driven by lubrication regime
Authors: Marquez-Florez Kalenia , Arroyave-Tobon Santiago , Tadrist Loïc , Linares Jean-Marc
Published: January 2024

Synovial joints, such as the elbow, experience different lubrication regimes, ranging from fluid film to boundary lubrication, depending on locomotion conditions. We explore the relationship between the elbow lubrication regime and the size of quadrupedal mammals. We use allometry to analyze the dimensions, contact stress, and sliding speed of the elbow in 110 quadrupedal mammals. Our results reveal that the average diameter and width of the distal humerus are scaled $$\propto M^{0.35}$$

∝

M

0.35

, which allowed us to estimate a consistent contact pressure and sliding speed across mammals. This consistency likely promotes fluid film lubrication regardless of body mass. Further, the ratio between the diameter and width is about 0.5 for all analyzed taxa, which is a good compromise between loading capacity and size. Our study deepens our understanding of synovial joints and their adaptations, with implications for the development of treatments, prostheses, and bioinspired joint designs.
Analysis of stability for nut yield and ancillary traits in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Eradasappa E. , Mohana G. S. , Poduval M. , Sethi K. , Rani M. S. Aneesa , Lourdusamy I. K. , Velmurugan S. , Manjusha M. , Raviprasad T. N. , Anilkumar C.
Published: January 2024

Cashew is cultivated in varied agro-ecological regions of India and yield levels vary with regions. Therefore, to identify stable genotype for yield, 18 genotypes were tested in four environments for nut yield and ancillary traits during 2008 to 2018 in randomized block design with two replications. The data of 6th annual harvest and cumulative nut yield of six years was analyzed employing additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype by environment (GGE) methods. Analysis of variance for 6th annual harvest indicated significant differences (p < 0.01) for eight traits. Environments varied significantly (p < 0.01) for seven traits. Genotype by environment (G × E) interactions were significant (p < 0.01) for all traits. Analysis of variance for cumulative yield revealed significant variations between genotypes, environments, G x E interactions. Interaction principal component analysis (IPCA) 1 (84.39%) and IPCA 2 (10.27%) together captured 95% of variability. Genotypes, environments and G × E interaction were accounted for 16.18%, 4.50% and 77.22% respectively of total variation. The environment Pilicode discriminated better while Vridhachalam was representative. BPP-8 and Vengulra-7 were the winning genotypes in Bhubaneswar while Kanaka and Priyanka in Pilicode, Vengurla-4 in Jhargram and UN-50 in Vridhachalam. Therefore, promoting cultivation of these winning genotypes in the corresponding environments is highly recommended to enhance cashew nut production. As per ASV (AMMI stability value,) K-22-1 was stable genotype followed by Bhubaneswar-1. As per YSI (yield stability index), Bhubaneswar-1 was stable and high yielding followed by K-22-1 and BPP-8. Thus stable genotypes identified in this study viz., K-22-1 and Bhuvaneswar-1 are recommended for cultivation in west and east regions of India which have most cashew growing areas for increasing the cashew nut production.
Electrostatic wave interaction via asymmetric vector solitons as precursor to rogue wave formation in non-Maxwellian plasmas
Authors: Lazarides N. , Veldes Giorgos P. , Frantzeskakis D. J. , Kourakis Ioannis
Published: January 2024

An asymmetric pair of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) equations has been derived through a multiscale perturbation method applied to a plasma fluid model, in which two wavepackets of distinct (carrier) wavenumbers ($$k_1$$

k
1

and $$k_2$$

k
2

) and amplitudes ($$\Psi _1$$

Ψ
1

and $$\Psi _2$$

Ψ
2

) are allowed to co-propagate and interact. The original fluid model was set up for a non-magnetized plasma consisting of cold inertial ions evolving against a $$\kappa$$
κ
-distributed electron background in one dimension. The reduction procedure resulting in the CNLS equations has provided analytical expressions for the dispersion, self-modulation and cross-coupling coefficients in terms of the two carrier wavenumbers. These coefficients present no symmetry whatsoever, in the general case (of different wavenumbers). The possibility for coupled envelope (vector soliton) solutions to occur has been investigated. Although the CNLS equations are asymmetric and non-integrable, in principle, the system admits various types of vector soliton solutions, physically representing nonlinear, localized electrostatic plasma modes, whose areas of existence is calculated on the wavenumbers’ parameter plane. The possibility for either bright (B) or dark (D) type excitations for either of the (2) waves provides four (4) combinations for the envelope pair (BB, BD, DB, DD), if a set of explicit criteria is satisfied. Moreover, the soliton parameters (maximum amplitude, width) are also calculated for each type of vector soliton solution, in its respective area of existence. The dependence of the vector soliton characteristics on the (two) carrier wavenumbers and on the spectral index $$\kappa$$
κ
characterizing the electron distribution has been explored. In certain cases, the (envelope) amplitude of one component may exceed its counterpart (second amplitude) by a factor 2.5 or higher, indicating that extremely asymmetric waves may be formed due to modulational interactions among copropagating wavepackets. As $$\kappa$$
κ
decreases from large values, modulational instability occurs in larger areas of the parameter plane(s) and with higher growth rates. The distribution of different types of vector solitons on the parameter plane(s) also varies significantly with decreasing $$\kappa$$
κ
, and in fact dramatically for $$\kappa$$
κ
between 3 and 2. Deviation from the Maxwell-Boltzmann picture therefore seems to favor modulational instability as a precursor to the formation of bright (predominantly) type envelope excitations and freak waves.
Establish a novel tumor budding-related signature to predict prognosis and guide clinical therapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Qixin , Liu Gaixia , Qiu Quanpeng , Zhang Jiaqi , Li Ruizhe , Zhao Jiamian , She Junjun , Chen Yinnan
Published: January 2024

Tumor budding is a long-established independent adverse prognostic marker for colorectal cancer (CRC), yet assessment of tumor budding was not reproducible. Therefore, development of precise diagnostic approaches to tumor budding is in demand. In this study, we first performed bioinformatic analysis in our single-center CRC patients’ cohort (n = 84) and identified tumor budding-associated hub genes using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A machine learning methodology was used to identify hub genes and construct a prognostic signature. Nomogram model was used to identified hub genes score for tumor budding, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration plot indicated high accuracy and stability of hub gene score for predicted the prognosis of CRC. The association between budding-associated hub genes and score and prognosis of CRC were further verified in TCGA CRC cohort (n = 342). Then gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were applied to explore the signaling pathways related to the tumor budding and validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of our clinical samples. Subsequently, immune infiltration analysis demonstrated that there was a high correlation between hub genes score and M2-like macrophages infiltrated in tumor tissue. In addition, somatic mutation and chemotherapeutic response prediction were analyzed based on the risk signature. In summary, we established a tumor budding diagnostic molecular model, which can improve tumor budding assessment and provides a promising novel molecular marker for immunotherapy and prognosis of CRC.
Endoscopic and clinical features of gastric emphysema
Authors: Iwamuro Masaya , Takenaka Ryuta , Toyokawa Tatsuya , Kita Masahide , Tsuzuki Takao , Yoshioka Masao , Gotoda Tatsuhiro , Okanoue Shotaro , Matsubara Minoru , Sakaguchi Chihiro , Otsuka Motoyuki
Published: January 2024

Gastric emphysema is characterized by the presence of intramural gas in the stomach without bacterial infection. Due to its rarity, most reports on gastric emphysema have been limited to single-case studies, and this condition’s clinical and endoscopic features have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we analyzed 45 patients with gastric emphysema from 10 institutions and examined their characteristics, endoscopic features, and outcomes. The mean age at diagnosis of gastric emphysema in our study population (35 males and 10 females) was 68.6 years (range, 14–95 years). The top five underlying conditions associated with gastric emphysema were the placement of a nasogastric tube (26.7%), diabetes mellitus (20.0%), post-percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (17.8%), malignant neoplasms (17.8%), and renal failure (15.6%). Among the 45 patients, 42 were managed conservatively with fasting and administration of proton pump inhibitors. Unfortunately, seven patients died within 30 days of diagnosis, and 35 patients experienced favorable recoveries. The resolution of gastric emphysema was confirmed in 30 patients through computed tomography (CT) scans, with a mean duration of 17.1 ± 34.9 days (mean ± standard deviation [SD], range: 1–180 days) from the time of diagnosis to the disappearance of the gastric intramural gas. There were no instances of recurrence. Endoscopic evaluation was possible in 18 patients and revealed that gastric emphysema presented with features such as redness, erosion, coarse mucosa, and ulcers, with fewer mucosal injuries on the anterior wall (72.2%), a clear demarcation between areas of mucosal injury and intact mucosa (61.1%), and predominantly longitudinal mucosal injuries on the stomach folds (50.0%). This study is the first English-language report to analyze endoscopic findings in patients with gastric emphysema.
A Mendelian randomization study on causal effects of inflammatory bowel disease on the risk of erectile dysfunction
Authors: Chen Di , Zhou Chao , Luo Quanhai , Chen Changsheng , Liu Gang
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the causal effects of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and erectile dysfunction (ED) using Mendelian randomization (MR). All datasets were obtained from the public genome-wide association study database. In the exposure group, 12,882 IBD patients and 21,770 controls were included. A total of 1154 ED patients and 94,024 controls were included in the outcome group. Two-sample MR was conducted to estimate the causal effect of IBD on ED. Furthermore, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were exposure factors in subgroup analyses. Weighted median, MR-egger, Inverse-variant weighted (IVW), weighted mode, and simple mode methods were used in MR analysis. Horizontal pleiotropy test, heterogeneity test, and leave-one-out method were utilized to evaluate the sensitivity and stability of results. After analysis, 62, 52, and 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that IBD-ED, CD-ED, and UC-ED were included, respectively. The incidence of ED was increased by IBD (IVW: OR = 1.110, 95% CI = 1.017–1.211, P = 0.019; P-heterogeneity > 0.05) and, in addition, ED was affected by CD (IVW: OR = 1.085, 95% CI = 1.015–1.160, P = 0.016; P-heterogeneity > 0.05). However, there was no causal effect of UC on ED (IVW: OR = 1.018, 95% CI = 0.917–1.129, P = 0.743; P-heterogeneity < 0.05). All SNPs showed no significant horizontal pleiotropy (P > 0.05). These results indicate that IBD and CD can cause ED; However, UC did not cause ED. Additional research was required to determine causality and potential mechanisms further.
The population context is a driver of the heterogeneous response of epithelial cells to interferons
Authors: Metz-Zumaran Camila , Uckeley Zina M , Doldan Patricio , Muraca Francesco , Keser Yagmur , Lukas Pascal , Kuropka Benno , Küchenhoff Leonie , Rastgou Talemi Soheil , Höfer Thomas , Freund Christian , Cavalcanti-Adam Elisabetta Ada , Graw Frederik , Stanifer Megan , Boulant Steeve
Published: January 2024

Isogenic cells respond in a heterogeneous manner to interferon. Using a micropatterning approach combined with high-content imaging and spatial analyses, we characterized how the population context (position of a cell with respect to neighboring cells) of epithelial cells affects their response to interferons. We identified that cells at the edge of cellular colonies are more responsive than cells embedded within colonies. We determined that this spatial heterogeneity in interferon response resulted from the polarized basolateral interferon receptor distribution, making cells located in the center of cellular colonies less responsive to ectopic interferon stimulation. This was conserved across cell lines and primary cells originating from epithelial tissues. Importantly, cells embedded within cellular colonies were not protected from viral infection by apical interferon treatment, demonstrating that the population context-driven heterogeneous response to interferon influences the outcome of viral infection. Our data highlights that the behavior of isolated cells does not directly translate to their behavior in a population, placing the population context as one important factor influencing heterogeneity during interferon response in epithelial cells.
A ubiquitous GC content signature underlies multimodal mRNA regulation by DDX3X
Authors: Jowhar Ziad , Xu Albert , Venkataramanan Srivats , Dossena Francesco , Hoye Mariah L , Silver Debra L , Floor Stephen N , Calviello Lorenzo
Published: January 2024

The road from transcription to protein synthesis is paved with many obstacles, allowing for several modes of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. A fundamental player in mRNA biology is DDX3X, an RNA binding protein that canonically regulates mRNA translation. By monitoring dynamics of mRNA abundance and translation following DDX3X depletion, we observe stabilization of translationally suppressed mRNAs. We use interpretable statistical learning models to uncover GC content in the coding sequence as the major feature underlying RNA stabilization. This result corroborates GC content-related mRNA regulation detectable in other studies, including hundreds of ENCODE datasets and recent work focusing on mRNA dynamics in the cell cycle. We provide further evidence for mRNA stabilization by detailed analysis of RNA-seq profiles in hundreds of samples, including a Ddx3x conditional knockout mouse model exhibiting cell cycle and neurogenesis defects. Our study identifies a ubiquitous feature underlying mRNA regulation and highlights the importance of quantifying multiple steps of the gene expression cascade, where RNA abundance and protein production are often uncoupled.
Biocompatible N-carbazoleacetic acid decorated CuxO nanoparticles as self-cascading platforms for synergistic single near-infrared triggered phototherapy treating microbial infections
Authors: Yang Xiao-Chan , Ding Yong , Song Sheng-Nan , Wang Wen-Hui , Huang Shan , Pang Xue-Yao , Li Bo , Yu Ya-Ya , Xia Ya-Mu , Gao Wei-Wei
Published: January 2024

In this work, CuxO-CAA NPs as new biosafe self-cascading platforms were built for synergistic NIR triggered phototherapy against microbial infections. The bactericidal rates were found to be over 99% against MRSA and AREC with rapid wound healing.
Tumor-derived microvesicles for cancer therapy
Authors: Yang Shiqi , Zheng Bo , Raza Faisal , Zhang Shulei , Yuan Wei-en , Su Jing , Qiu Mingfeng
Published: January 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles with lipid bilayer structures shed from the plasma membrane of cells.
ZnO–Au@ZIF-8 core–shell nanorod arrays for ppb-level NO2 detection
Authors: Sun Mingqi , Wang Mingyuan , Ni Xin , Liu Guiwu , Qiao Guanjun , Lei Shuangying , Wang Mingsong , Bai Ling
Published: January 2024

ZnO–Au@ZIF-8 core–shell heterostructures were prepared by using ZnO–Au nanorods as sacrificial templates for ZIF-8 encapsulation, exhibiting an outstanding response to ppb-level NO2 with improved selectivity, stability, and anti-humidity properties.
Interaction of the III-As monolayer with SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers: implications for biosensor development
Authors: Saha Sudipta , Sajib Deb Indronil , Alam Md. Kawsar
Published: January 2024

All the VOCs were chemisorbed on both GaAs and AlAs monolayers, however in the case of BAs, they were physisorbed. In terms of selectivity and sensitivity, GaAs has the best performance among all three III-As monolayers.
Coherent state switching using vibrational polaritons in an asymmetric double-well potential
Authors: Attal Loïse , Calvo Florent , Falvo Cyril , Parneix Pascal
Published: January 2024

The quantum dynamics of vibrational polaritons arising from the interaction of a bistable molecule with the quantized mode of a microcavity is investigated using an asymmetric double-well potential as a simplified model of a reactive molecule.
Quantification of alkalinity of deep eutectic solvents based on (H−) and NMR
Authors: Qin Rui , Wang Zeyu , Wei Chenyang , Zhou Fengyi , Tian Yurun , Chen Yu , Mu Tiancheng
Published: January 2024

We provide a feasible strategy for quantifying the alkalinity of DESs using a combination of the Hammett function and 1H NMR technique.
Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications
Authors: Ding Pengfei , Yang Daobin , Yang Shuncheng , Ge Ziyi
Published: January 2024

In this review, we carefully review important strategies to improve the stability of OSCs in the past three years from the perspectives of material design and device engineering.
Breaking the bottleneck of lead-free perovskite solar cells through dimensionality modulation
Authors: Yu Wenjin , Zou Yu , Wang Hantao , Qi Siyuan , Wu Cuncun , Guo Xinyu , Liu Yueli , Chen Zhijian , Qu Bo , Xiao Lixin
Published: January 2024

Leveraging the dimensionality-modulation method to further boost the device efficiency and stability is the future roadmap for the development of lead-free perovskite solar cells.
Highly dispersed copper phosphide nanoparticles accelerate the electrolytic water oxidation process
Authors: Jiang Haishun , Shi Jihua , Liu Xiangyue , Tang Jing
Published: January 2024

The Cu3P/NC@CF electrode was prepared by the phosphorylation and pyrolysis of Cu MOF-NH2. It retained superior structural stability for the OER process and served as both anode and cathode for the overall water splitting in 1 M KOH solution.
(LA)-MC-ICPMS/MS measurement of Sr radiogenic isotope ratios
Authors: Télouk Philippe , Balter Vincent
Published: January 2024

Strontium isotopes with SF6- and N2O-based compounds in collision/reaction cell MC-ICPMS.
Selective fluorination of the interlayer surface of layered silicates
Authors: Jang Jeong-Hun , Paek Seung-Min , Park Man
Published: January 2024

Neutral fluoride substances were intercalated into layered silicates, facilitating the selective fluorination of inner surfaces.
Synthesis of lanthanide-based scintillator@MOF nanocomposites for X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Lantian , Gao Fan , Liu Shiqi , Ju Mei , Sun Chao , Sun Gengzhi , Ju Qiang , Yang Kai , Fang Zhenlan
Published: January 2024

Nanocomposites were proposed and fabricated to simultaneously generate singlet oxygen (1O2) through energy transfer from SNPs to Hf-TCPP and hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) by the introduction of high-Z elements under low-dose X-ray irradiation.
Conductive imprinted polymeric interfacially modified electrochemical sensors based on covalently bonded layer-by-layer assembly of Gr/Au with flower-like morphology for sensitive detection of 2,4,6-TCP
Authors: Xu Ziang , Jin Xiangying , Li Yuqing , Zhang Manwen , Yin Wenhua , Yang Yanyan , Jia Wenchao , Xie Danping
Published: January 2024

Polymeric membrane sensors based on molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been attractive analytical tools for detecting organic species.
Adsorption of molecular hydrogen on Be3Al2(SiO3)6-beryl: theoretical insights for catalysis, hydrogen storage, gas separation, sensing, and environmental applications
Authors: Gill Waqas Amber , Alhokbany Norah , Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf
Published: January 2024

In this study, we explored the adsorption potential of molecular hydrogen (H2) on Be3Al2(SiO3)6-beryl by examining its interaction with different random conformations.
Facile modular synthesis of jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine analogs possessing a pyrazolidin-3-one core
Authors: Vizcaíno Páez Samuel , Durango Diego , Müller Christian Jürgen , Breuning Matthias , Fletcher Wiston Quiñones
Published: January 2024

Several pyrazolidine-3-one analogs of (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine, the main phytohormone involved in plant responses to biotic or abiotic stress, were prepared from 4 different building blocks in just a few steps.
Fluorescence photobleaching and recovery of fluorescein sodium in carbomer film
Authors: Lin Yung-Sheng , Chen Hao-Yan , Yang Yih-Pey
Published: January 2024

The recovery rate of the fluorescein sodium-loaded carbomer film following a prolonged bleaching process demonstrates a conspicuous deceleration at elevated concentrations.
On particle motion in a confined square domain filled with active fluids
Authors: Ye Hao , Ouyang Zhenyu , Lin Jianzhong
Published: January 2024

The motion of passive particles in a confined square domain filled with active fluids has been numerically simulated using a direct-fictitious domain method.
Carbon core–shell Pt nanoparticle embedded porphyrin Co-MOF derived N-doped porous carbon for the alkaline AEM water electrolyzer application
Authors: Subramaniam Mohan Raj , Ramakrishnan Shanmugam , Sidra Saleem , Karthikeyan S. C. , Vijayapradeep Subramanian , Huang Jian , Mamlouk Mohamed , Kim Do Hwan , Yoo Dong Jin
Published: January 2024

Efficient and durable carbon core-shell Pt@Co nanoparticles interconnected porous carbon electrocatalyst for anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer application.
Urea with trifunctional effects: an assistant for high exposure of single-atom active sites on 2D nanosheets via structural transformation
Authors: Dong Xieyiming , Xia Hongyin , Pang Ruoyu , Wang Erkang , Li Jing
Published: January 2024

This work proposes a novel molten urea-derived thermal exfoliation strategy to construct two-dimensional carbon nanosheets, enabling the effective regulation of mesopores and full anchoring and exposure of single-atom Fe on the carbon nanosheets.
Conductive gradient hydrogels allow spatial control of adult stem cell fate
Authors: Song Shang , McConnell Kelly W. , Shan Dingying , Chen Cheng , Oh Byeongtaek , Sun Jindi , Poon Ada S. Y. , George Paul M.
Published: January 2024

Conductive gradient hydrogels (CGGs) allow preferential differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) toward oligodendrocyte lineage in the center while neuronal lineage at the edge of the scaffold under electrical stimulation.
Mercaptopyrimidine-templated gold nanoclusters for antithrombotic therapy
Authors: Dai Jianghong , Lei Jiaojiao , Zhang Tianyan , You Jingcan , Qin Dalian , Wu Ya , Liu Yong , Zheng Youkun
Published: January 2024

DAMP-AuNCs inhibit thrombus formation by interacting with fibrinogen.
Highly efficient and thermostable far-red phosphor for promoting root growth in plants
Authors: Ouyang Sha , Yin Jiamai , Su Liujuan , Yao Maohai , Wang Guichao , Yang Jiayi , Molokeev Maxim S. , Zhou Zhi , Zhang Sijin , Xia Mao
Published: January 2024

Structural modification and spectral optimization of luminescence characteristics of far-red phosphors for plant growth.
Tungsten-doped barium stannate as a transparent conducting film
Authors: He Yuandi , Kang Yao-long , Wei Renhuai , Gong Peng-Lai , Hu Ling , Song Wenhai , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping
Published: January 2024

Epitaxial W-doped BaSnO3 (on Sn site) thin films with promising Vis-NIR transparency and comparable carrier mobility have been fabricated on SrTiO3(100) substrate, implying its potential as a candidate for Vis-NIR transparent conducting oxide.
Phosphine oxide based semiconducting small molecule as an additive and an electron transport layer enables efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting devices
Authors: Mukherjee Susmita , Panigrahi Ashutosh , Lin Yen-Hung , Perumal Ajay
Published: January 2024

Inclusion of phosphine oxide-based PO-T2T molecule as an additive during perovskite crystallization yields finer perovskite grains and the same molecule acts as an electron transport layer enabling efficient and stable perovskite light emitting diodes.
High-κ elastomer with dispersed ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal microdroplets
Authors: Ye Fan , Yang Chen , Zhang Xinxin , Huang Xiang , Zhu Yongmei , Aya Satoshi , Huang Mingjun
Published: January 2024

An emergent liquid ferroelectric material is dispersed into polydimethylsiloxane as microdroplets, realizing a stretchable and ferroelectric high-κ elastomer.
My Perspective: Auditory Evoked Potentials Using Speech
Authors: Cone Barbara
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this tutorial is to clarify the use of speech sounds as stimuli for auditory evoked potentials and how these might contribute to our understanding of speech, language, learning, and hearing disorders. Speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), auditory steady-state responses, auditory middle latency responses, mismatch negativity, P300, cortical onset responses, and the acoustic change complex are reviewed.

Method:

The author drew upon her scholarship in this area from over 4 decades of research and teaching to summarize the major findings when using speech stimuli to evoke auditory potentials that have been used in clinical contexts.

Results:

Speech-evoked auditory potentials contribute to our understanding of how the brain processes the acoustic features of speech sounds, providing information that is complementary to psychophysical tests. When psychophysical tests cannot be performed owing to neurodevelopmental immaturity or disability, or cognitive disability, speech-evoked auditory potentials may be used to estimate the benefit of amplification or implantation for speech, language, and hearing.

Conclusions:

The benefit of using auditory evoked potentials for evaluation is that they provide insight into the brain mechanisms underlying hearing and listening disorders that audiologists aim to treat. While we can use the known correlations between perceptual and electrophysiological responses for “cross-checking” our evaluation results, examining when discrepancies occur is also especially meaningful. For example, the complex ABR reveals subcortical issues in temporal processing that would not be evident in ABRs to clicks or tone bursts, nor in behavioral testing. P300 can document slower neural processing of speech stimuli that may be relevant to the rehabilitation of older adults, even when word recognition scores appear to be congruent with the pure-tone audiogram. In these ways, auditory evoked potentials for speech provide audiologists with tools for demonstrating to clients how their brain responds to speech and opening the conversation for rehabilitation.
Radioprotective Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles: A Mini Review
Authors: Azmoonfar Rasool , Moslehi Masoud , Shahbazi-Gahrouei Daryoush
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives. Ionizing radiation is widely used in medical imaging for diagnosis and in radiotherapy for the treatment of various medical conditions. However, ionizing radiation can cause damage to healthy cells and tissues, leading to side effects and an increased risk of cancer and other diseases over time. This study aimed to evaluate the possible radioprotective effect of selenium nanoparticles against the damage caused by ionizing radiation. Materials and Methods. This study followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines to present the results. A comprehensive search was performed on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Science Direct. Initially, 413 articles were retrieved. After removing duplicates and applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were finally included in this systematic review. Results. The reviewed studies showed that selenium nanoparticles had anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. They effectively protected the kidneys, liver, and testicles from damage. Furthermore, there was evidence of efficient radioprotection for the organs examined without significant side effects. Conclusions. This systematic review emphasizes the potential advantages of using selenium nanoparticles to prevent the negative effects of ionizing radiation. Importantly, these protective effects were achieved without causing noticeable side effects. These findings suggest the potential role of selenium nanoparticles as radioprotective agents, offering possible therapeutic applications to reduce the risks related to ionizing radiation exposure in medical imaging and radiotherapy procedures.
Analysis of the influence of large‐scale offshore wind power on the steady‐state voltage of the vicinity region of grid connection point
Authors: Gao Weilun , Wu Zhigang
Published: January 2024

The power characteristics of offshore wind power will change the regional power flow distribution and affect the regional voltage. Here, the direct‐drive wind turbine generator controlled by unity power factor is selected as the research object, and the influence of change of wind power on voltage at the grid connection point is analyzed from the simple integration model. Based on the two critical states of the external equivalent power of the grid connection point, an analytical expression of the output of wind power in the corresponding state is obtained, and the relationship among the critical state outputs, the output of wind power and the parameters at the grid connection point is drawn, hence the related influence laws is analyzed. The influence of change of wind power on voltage and regional reactive power and the reactance distribution of transmission lines near the grid connection point is considered to analyze the influence of offshore wind power on the vicinity region of grid connection point. The rationality of the conclusion is verified by study the cases of the integration of offshore wind power into Guangdong power grid, and some suggestions are put forward for the planning of offshore wind power integration.
A new technique for fault diagnosis in transformer insulating oil based on infrared spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Darwish Mohamed M. F. , Hassan Mohamed H. A. , Abdel‐Gawad Nagat M. K. , Lehtonen Matti , Mansour Diaa‐Eldin A.
Published: January 2024

Condition monitoring of the insulating system within power transformers has a massive importance according to the electrical utilities. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is frequently used for this purpose. However, DGA lacks the necessary level of accuracy to identify all equipment faults, particularly in their initial stages of degradation. Also, it does not have the capability for real‐time monitoring and relies on manual sampling and laboratory testing, causing potential delays in fault identification. Additionally, the interpretation of DGA data necessitates specialised expertise, which may pose difficulties for smaller entities that have limited access to resources. Therefore, the contribution of this research is to use infrared spectroscopy measurements as a new effective technique substituting the DGA method for fault diagnosis in insulating oil. The inception faults that were considered in this study were the electrical fault (discharges of high energy) and the thermal fault (300°C < Temperature < 700°C). Regarding that, two test cells were crafted especially for serving the simulation processes inside the laboratory for both types of inception faults. Subsequently, six samples of pure paraffinic mineral oil were taken to be degraded in the laboratory. Following that, all of them besides another sample that were not subjected to any kind of faults were taken to be examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to obtain an overview of the oil's behaviour in each fault case. After that, the FTIR analysis was initially verified utilising the DGA method. Then, for further affirmation, the dielectric dissipation factor (DDF) for all samples was measured. In the final analysis, the verification tests provide experimental evidence about the outperformance of this new optical technique in detecting the transformer's inception faults in addition to proving its potential for being a superior alternative to the well‐known traditional diagnostic techniques.
Optimal siting and sizing of custom power system and smart parking lot in the active distribution network
Authors: Ebrahimi Ahad , Moradlou Majid , Bigdeli Mehdi
Published: January 2024

Non‐linear loads, electrical vehicles (EVs) and power electronics are the sources of harmonic generation in the power system. Harmonics are the reason for the disturbance in the technical constraints and quality of the power system. These disadvantages are formed in the current and the voltage of the system branches and buses. To reduce these harmonics, active and passive power filters are used. Since active power filters (APFs) include electronic power switching devices, they are used to eliminate or reduce current or voltage harmonics. To properly reduce these harmonics and supply consumer demand, private investors (PIs) are considered to enhance the power quality, by investing in the APF units and the distribution network operator (DNO) coordinating and feeding the EVs, by equipping the network with smart parking lots. Total harmonic distortion, bus voltage profile, active power loss and energy not supplied (ENS) are considered problem attributes. Using techniques for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS), it is determined how the addition of photovoltaic (PV), energy storage system, and batteries affects the ranking of attributes from the perspectives of both DNO and PI. The best solutions are obtained in the first stage using a genetic algorithm (GA), and the attributes have been prioritized from a utility perspective in the second stage by TOPSIS. To verify the performance of GA and TOPSIS, all of the obtained results are compared with the other algorithms. As seen clearly, active, reactive power loss and ENS in scenarios with the participation PV are reduced. Furthermore, comparing the results of different algorithms confirms the efficiency of GA and TOPSIS.
Impact of discontinuous grain size distributions on the spectral energy distribution of debris disks
Authors: Kim M. , Wolf S.
Published: January 2024

Context. The collisional evolution of debris disks is expected to cause the characteristic wavy pattern, that is, an under- or overabundance of particles of specific sizes, of grain size distributions. This perturbed grain size distribution potentially leaves characteristic patterns in the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the disk system.

Aims. We aim to quantify and understand the specific influence of discontinuous particle size distributions on the appearance of debris disks. For this purpose, we considered dust emission models based on two different grain size distributions, namely, one with a single power law and one with a broken power law. In particular, our study is focused on the impact of an overabundance of small grains and an underabundance of medium-sized grains on the far-IR and (sub-)millimeter regime on the dust reemission radiation and the potential to constrain discontinuities in the grain size distribution from (sub-)millimeter photometric measurements of debris disks.

Methods. We compared the spectral index α (Fν ∝ να) in the case of a continuous grain size distribution with that of a discontinuous grain size distribution. We performed this comparison for central stars with different spectral types and two different disk structures (e.g., slim and broad debris dust rings).

Results. Within the considered parameter space, we found a characteristic difference between the spectral slopes of the SED in the different scenarios. In particular, the overabundance of small grains resulting from collisional events and thus parameters defining the outcome of disk events in debris disks is potentially observable by comparison with the SED corresponding to a grain size distribution resulting from an ideal collisional cascade. More specifically, the overabundance of small grains leads to a steeper slope in the far-IR and sub-millimeter regime, while the spectral index in the millimeter regime is hardly affected. On the other hand, the underabundance of medium-sized grains results in a slight steepening of the far-IR slope of the SED, but its primary effect is on the millimeter slope of the SED, causing it to become shallower. We also found that the impact of an overabundance of small dust particles is more pronounced than that of an underabundance of medium-sized dust particles. We also found that the difference between the spectral indices for the two different grain size distributions is largest for debris disks around brighter central stars and broader disks. However, the impact of the considered spatial distributions described by the fractional width of the disk system is weak. Our results also show that the dust composition is not the sole physical mechanism responsible for the spectral inversion observed in the far-IR to millimeter part of the SED of debris disk systems. Furthermore, the location of the spectral break is placed at different wavelength regimes if the grain size distribution is considered as a function of blowout size and stellar type.
The nature of medium-period variables on the extreme horizontal branch
Authors: Krtička J. , Krtičková I. , Bidin C. Moni , Kajan M. , Zaggia S. , Monaco L. , Janík J. , Mikulášek Z. , Paunzen E.
Published: January 2024

A fraction of the extreme horizontal branch stars of globular clusters exhibit a periodic light variability that has been attributed to rotational modulation caused by surface spots. These spots are believed to be connected to inhomogeneous surface distribution of elements. However, the presence of such spots has not been tested against spectroscopic data. We analyzed the phase-resolved ESO X-shooter spectroscopy of three extreme horizontal branch stars that are members of the globular cluster ω Cen and also display periodic light variations. The aim of our study is to understand the nature of the light variability of these stars and to test whether the spots can reproduce the observed variability. Our spectroscopic analysis of these stars did not detect any phase-locked abundance variations that are able to reproduce the light variability. Instead, we revealed the phase variability of effective temperature and surface gravity. In particular, the stars show the highest temperature around the light maximum. This points to pulsations as a possible cause of the observed spectroscopic and photometric variations. However, such an interpretation is in a strong conflict with Ritter’s law, which relates the pulsational period to the mean stellar density. The location of the ω Cen variable extreme horizontal branch stars in HR diagram corresponds to an extension of PG 1716 stars toward lower temperatures or blue, low-gravity, large-amplitude pulsators toward lower luminosities, albeit with much longer periods. Other models of light variability, namely, related to temperature spots, should also be tested further. The estimated masses of these stars in the range of 0.2–0.3 M⊙ are too low for helium-burning objects.