bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Procrastination as Predictor of Fear of Evaluation among Pakistani University Students
Authors: Awan Khurram , Ilyas Uzma , Amjad Dania
Published: December 2024

Objective: The research aimed to examine the association between procrastination, self-conceptual self-clarity, fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and Grade Point Average (GPA). The research also examined the predictive role of procrastination, and self-conceptual self-clarity on fear of being evaluated among students from Lahore.
Methodology: The current study is quantitative approach and employed correlational research design. University students were recruited through convenient sampling with sample size n=400. The students with age range 18 - 25 years, from both private and public university of Lahore were approached. The standardized assessment measures including: Procrastination Scale, Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation and Self-Concept Clarity Scale were used after adaption and translation of the scales.
Results: Result were computed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS. After establishing the reliability, the analysis including. Correlational analysis revealed positive association between fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and procrastination. Whereas, inverse association with manifested in FNE self-concept clarity. Hierarchical Regression results indicated that conceptual self-clarity and GPA as negative predictors while procrastination was positive predictor of FNE.
Conclusion: Students with ambiguous self-concept tend to have higher fear of evaluation in academia and procrastinate the task to achieve satisfaction on any given task. Counseling centers can facilitate student with counseling services to work on healthier self-concept concept to achieve academic goals.
Exploring Bioterrorism in the Post 9/11 Gothic Literature: A Study of World War Z
Authors: Noor Ul Ain  , Riaz Humaira , Mashal
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study explores bioterrorism in post-9/11 gothic fiction World War Z. Through zombie spectrum fiction, the study epitomises the cultural junction to unravel conspiracy theories. It highlights the socio-political discourses in the year following 9/11.
Methodology: The study discusses World War Z as a disruptive counter-discourse to investigate suggested socio-political issues as representation of bioterrorism in literature. It uses thematic analysis.
Findings & Conclusion: Bioterrorism is a popular subject in mythology and fiction, reflecting socio-political themes. World War Z by Max Brooks illustrates historical events, figures, settings, records, and belief systems as a replication of bioterrorism, implying socio-political themes.
Impulsivity, Emotional Dysregulation, Parenting Styles, and Self-Mutilation in Clients with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Bashir Tahira , Jameel Rabia , Aftab Abid , Bashir Muhammad Usman
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The purpose of the current study is to examine the influence of impulsivity on self-mutilation with the mediating role of emotional dysregulation and the moderating role of parenting styles of both the father and mother of the clients having borderline personality disorder.
Method: It was a survey research. Data were collected from (n=200) individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder from the hospitals located in Islamabad and Rawalpindi with the help of purposive sampling.
Results: The results of the study revealed that impulsivity and emotion dysregulation significantly positively predicted self-mutilation among patients with BPD. Emotion dysregulation significantly mediated impulsivity and self-mutilation. Parental control (both father and mother) has significantly positively moderated impulsivity and self-mutilation. Parental responsiveness (both father and mother) has significantly negatively moderated impulsivity and self-mutilation. Findings revealed that last-born children were significantly higher in impulsivity as compared to 1st born and middle-born among clients with borderline personality disorder.
Conclusion: Emotion dysregulation is significantly mediated between impulsivity and self-mutilation. Parental control (both father and mother) has significantly positively moderated impulsivity and self-mutilation. Parental responsiveness (both father and mother) has significantly negatively moderated impulsivity and self-mutilation.
Impact of Abusive Supervision on Breach of Psychological Contract and Knowledge Hiding Behavior: Does Spirituality Curtails this Relationship at the Workplace?
Authors: Noor Ayesha , Fayyaz Hina , Malik Fozia
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This research analyzes the impact of abusive supervision on breach of psychological contract and knowledge hiding behavior with the moderating role of spirituality of employees working in project-based organizations.
Methodology: Project based organizations are selected as employees are hired based on the required projects till completion of projects. It is pertinent to study that how they face abusive supervision and in the result of this they develop knowledge hiding behavior. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 200 employees of project-based organizations, however, 189 individual responded.
Findings: The result shows that abusive supervision positively impacts the breach of psychological contract and knowledge hiding behavior. The results also reveals that individual spirituality reduce the impact of BPC on knowledge hiding behavior.
Conclusion: The study depicted that the abusive supervision impact the knowledge hiding behavior among the employees, therefore, strategies should be design at organizational level in order to overcome such issues in such organizations which requires timely completion of projects.
An Assessment of Perinatal Distress and Marital Relationships in Couples: A Validation Study
Authors: Shafiq Sameera , Naz Iram
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The study conducted to assess the validation of the Major Depressive Disorder Subscale (MDDS) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Subscale (GADS) in Parental Perinatal Distress Scale (PPDS) and to assess the validation of Scale of Marital Intimacy (SMI) and the Satisfaction with Sex Life Scale-Revised (SSLS-R).
Methodology: In study 1, Perinatal Depression Inventory (PDI) and Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) were translated from English into Urdu in phase I. In the phase II, Urdu versions of PDI and PASS were administered along with MDDS, GADS, and Urdu version of Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) on 50 perinatal high risk couples selected by purposive sampling technique from the hospital. In study 2, the English versions of Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMS), SSLS-R, and the Sexual Satisfaction Scale (SSS) were translated in Urdu in phase I. In phase II, translated versions of KMS, SSS, and the SSLS-R were administered along with SMI, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) Urdu and Sexual Satisfaction Subscale Urdu on 50 healthy couples selected by purposive sampling technique from the Gujrat community.
Findings: In study 1, the correlation coefficient for MDDS with PDI is positive and significant and with SHS is negative, insignificant and non-existent. The correlation coefficient for GADS with PASS is positive and significant and with SHS is insignificant and non-existent. In study 2, the relationship of SMI with KMS is positive and significant and with stress, anxiety, and depression is negative insignificant and non-existent. The convergent validity of SSLS-R with SS-Subscale is positive and significant. The divergent validity of SSLS-R with SSS, stress, anxiety, and depression is negative and insignificant.
Conclusion: MDDS and GADS are valid indigenous tools for screening perinatal depression and perinatal anxiety in couples. Moreover, SMI and SSLS-R have been found to hold good validity for assessment of intimate marital relationships in the couples.
SDG Goal 4: Out-of-School Children and All-Inclusive Development in South West Nigeria
Authors: Emordi Amaka Theresa Oriaku , Ruth Olufemi Ibukunoluwa
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This paper critically assessed sustainable development objectives in Nigeria's education context, focusing on individuals and the factors militating against accessibility to quality education in Nigeria.
Methodology: The study relied on secondary sources of data from reputable sources, including the United Nations and its other sub-agencies, such as the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals report (SDGs), as well as content analysis of relevant literature from journals, articles, and annual reports.
Findings: The study found that achieving SDG4 is essential for promoting social and economic development through the accessibility to quality education without leaving anyone behind. Also, the study revealed that education serves as a bedrock for life fulfillment and a vital contribution to societal development. Factors such as poverty, child labor, gender inequality, and the COVID-19 pandemic were identified as impediments to accessible education, posing a substantial threat to SDG targets.
Conclusion: The study concluded by emphasizing the urgent need for collaborative efforts among government, international organizations, NGOs and other stakeholders to ensure universal access to quality education, especially for underprivileged children in Southwest Nigeria.
Unseen Heroes: Caregiving Experiences of Elderly Grandmothers in Pakistan
Authors: Rahat Rahla , Sadaf Fouzia , Yunus Asma
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: In Pakistan, a significant number of grandmothers take care of their grandchildren while their parents work or study. In recent years, this role has increased multifold because of the increased presence of women in workforce and women getting into higher education post children. The aim of the study is to examine the experiences of the elderly grandmother who are providing care to their grandchildren and what factors influence those experiences.
Methodology: This qualitative study looked into the lives of 15 elderly caregiving grandmothers aged above 60 years in Lahore providing care to their grandchildren for at least six months. The data was collected through semi-structured interview and analyzed through thematic analysis.
Findings: According to the data, elderly grandmothers had both positive and negative caregiving experiences. The negative experiences of caring for their grandchildren were social isolation as a result of limited social life and interaction with family and friends, as well as increasing physical and emotional health issues. One the other hand, many grandmothers believed that caregiving improved their health and well-being. These experiences were influenced by the duration of caregiving, the number and ages of children, the caregiving support system, and their health status.
Conclusion: The study sheds light on the crucial role of caregiving grandmothers in Pakistani homes, emphasizing their contributions to their families and the economy in the absence of affordable formal childcare. It also emphasizes the significance of raising awareness and providing support to families, in addition to elderly grandparents who may already be struggling because of their advanced age and precarious health. This research supports SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being).
Stylistic Analysis of the Poem “Staff of Old Age” by Hafeez Jalandhari
Authors: Batool Filza , Lodhi Muhammad Arfan
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The study aims to highlight different literary aspects of the poem “Staff of Old Age” by Hafeez Jalandhari. Stylistic Analysis was conducted in order analyze the text to identify the use of literary language and its impact on the reader. The poem is an illustration of Coming of Age and passing of Adolescence. The author warns the youth to refrain from frenzy and desires of life. He also requests them to make provisions for the life ahead as soon the light of worldly will fade away. The poem is an advice to the reader that life is like a journey which, will come to an end and the traveler will not know when the last stop is coming.
Methodology: The analysis of the poem is conducted by using qualitative research method. The data was collected and analyzed qualitatively. Critical case sampling technique was used to determine the sample of the text. Content-analytic framework was adopted from Leech & Short model (1981).
Findings: The findings of the research show that the poem is ironic because it points out the horrors of Old Age and what is the actual message of life, which people have forgotten. It is symbolic in nature as it compares old age to autumn season in which all the trees shed their leaves and all the plants become dead. He addresses the Youth to be prepared before the life ends and invest themselves for the betterment of others.
Conclusion: The results obtained from the study after conducting stylistic analysis of the poem highlight the symbolic view of life which should not be wasted in lustrous wants.
Plasma Homocysteine Status in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Rasheed Zahra , Ijaz Mehreen , Sahar Namood-e- , Tariq Zohra , Fatima Rafia , Tariq Madeeha
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The study aimed to evaluate total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels in patients with already developed Ischemic Heart Disease in the Pakistani population.
Methodology: The current study was a cross sectional study. A total of 120 patients undergoing angioplasty procedure were selected through convenient sampling from angiography ward of Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore. Fasting blood samples were drawn and analyzed in laboratory for tHcy levels.
Results: Results indicated elevated homocysteine levels (16.58±7.73) Mean±Standard deviation (SD). The study found higher levels of plasma homocysteine in males as compared to females (17.66±7.97 vs 12.97± 5.64) Mean± SD. No significant relationship was found between age, Body Mass Index (BMI)-Obesity and fasting hours of patients with tHcy. Homocysteine levels t(42)= 2.56,p=0.014 were also found to be high in patients suffering from Hypertension in comparison to diabetes.
Conclusion: The study highlights the significance of homocystine to be recognized as an essential biomarker in assessment and therapeutic management of heart disease in developing countries like the Pakistan. It supports the claims of previous studies recognizing homocysteine as a significant and possibly independent risk factor for incidence and progression of IHD. It is suggested that plasma homocysteine should be identified as an important risk factor by the clinicians and dieticians. Managing homocysteine levels in the prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease should be considered in the Pakistani population.
Communication Perspectives in Academic Settings: Employees’ Perception Approach
Authors: Hafsa Ghulam , Ahmad Shumaila , Shah Amina
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: Human communication is a very complex phenomenon which involves social and cognitive processes. It affects not only the attitudes of participants but also the pattern of communication (Yate, 2009). Interpersonal communication in the educational institutions is a serious issue. This sector develops human resource that finally joins other departments of society. Therefore, consolidation of the society covertly depends upon the success of educational institutions. The intended study is embedded in the CCO theory (Communicative Constitution of Organizations) by Robert McPhee and OIT theory (Organizational Information Theory) by Karl Edward Weick.
Methodology: The study is qualitative and exploratory in nature. Main objective of the study is to explore relationship between the strategic management and an effective communication. Moreover, it is intended to explore the internal and external factors which affect interpersonal communication. Finally, to suggest measures for effective communication in academic settings. The present study is qualitative and interpretive in nature. Population of the study is 8 female colleges of district Khushab. The area is further delimited to four colleges. As per the convenient sampling technique, eight employees (two from each college) are selected as sample. Data is collected through open ended interview and interpreted by the researcher with reference to the theoretical perspective of the study.
Findings: The results express strong relationship between the strategic management and an effective communication. The results also provide guideline that how human resource can be optimally utilized by a carefully designed management strategy. The study proved that healthy communication environment in educational settings is necessary for the consolidation of the institution.
Conclusion: The study concludes that a well synchronized and strategic manger, with carefully designed management strategy, takes the lead in developing a healthy communication environment.
Effects of Stretching Exercises on Cricket Wicket Keeper Performance and Reduction of Injury Rate
Authors: Gill Sajjad Ali , Bilal Muhammad , Maqsood Minahil
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The basic aim of this study is to check the effects of flexibility exercises (Dynamic, Static & Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Exercises) on wicketkeeper (Cricket) performance.
Methodology: This experimental study included a total of 27 cricket players (wicketkeepers) were selected for this purposive study with a targeted sampling method utilized. A control group consisting of 10 players was also selected for further comparison. Anthropometric measurement, along with Sit and Reach test has been utilized before and after the training program execution. A self-made 15 questionnaires for health history and consent form has also collected from 27 subjects (wicketkeepers) to get feedback and check screening.
Findings: The values tested at 10% and the outcome observed found significant at (p<0.001) in flexibility as compared by pre and post-test values through paired sample t-test protocols. The reliability was checked through Cronh’s Bach Alpha (0.71) and validity was checked by a pilot study with the help of the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS-26).
Conclusion: The result concluded that flexibility exercises (Dynamic, Static & Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Exercises (PNF) impacts on wicketkeeper (Cricket) performance as it utilized on regular basis. Furthermore, the recurrence has been checked after 3 months and concluded that the control group has a value of 20% as compared with the experimental group (12%) respectively.
Role of Sports in the Development Self-Confidence as Main Parameter of Psychological Health
Authors: Durrani Muhammad Roman Al-Ala , Ullah Akhair , Zaman Haider
Published: December 2024

Study Objective: The primary goal of this study was to evaluate how sports contribute to the growth of self-confidence, which is a key indicator of psychological well-being.
 Methodology: In the present research study, the researcher adopted a survey research design to explore the role of sports in the development of self-confidence, self-esteem and motivation. All male and female students of physical education, who were enrolled in all the universities (The study encompassed both public and private sector universities as its population). 418 student-athletes as a sample of the study by using available sampling techniques.  For collecting the required data, a scale (Likert type with five options) comprised of 21 items was developed by the researcher. Statistical techniques that were appropriate for data analysis were used after the data collected were processed using statistical software for social sciences (SPSS, Version 24).
Results: the mean of female students was 3.11 and the mean of male students was 4.02. The standard deviation of female students was .654 and the standard deviation of male students was .234. The t-calculated value was 7.328 which is greater than the t-tabulated value of 1.962 (7.328 > 1.962) which indicates the significant difference between the perception of males and females regarding the role of sports in the development of self-confidence.
Conclusion: Based on analysis, the researchers concluded that sports play a vital role in the development of self-confidence as the main parameter of psychological health among students.
Influence of Parenting Styles on Delinquent Tendencies
Authors: Imran Adam , Leaique Farheen , Mehmood Haziq
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This research aims to explore the connection within practices adopted by parents, traumatic events and delinquent tendencies.
Methodology: The research was conducted on 180 individuals who had an age that ranged from 13 to 19 years (M = 16.2, SD = 1.77). Total number of participants was 180 with a clear dispersion of 50% from both genders. Coming to a distribution of educational institutions, 95 of the participants studied in public institutes and 85 belonged to private institutes. Analysis was done with the help of correlation, Analysis of Variation, t-test and regression.
Findings: It was discovered that emotional warmth, anxious rearing and delinquent tendencies had a strong direct relationship. The demographic variables found that a higher percentage of delinquency existed in male participants and also that those who had been studying in public institutes. Lastly, it was found that a family system revolving around joint type raises the level of delinquency and also that social class had no effect on it.
Conclusion: The research introduced new concepts which are worth looking into such as differences in culture, order of birth and religious obligations and how delinquent tendencies can be influenced by differences in them.
(Un)resolved Oedipus Complex: A Socio-Psycho Analysis of Milan Kundera’s The Unbearable Lightness of Being
Authors: Saran Tawoz , Rooh Ul Amin  , Khattak Manzoor Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This study aims to delve into the patriarchal implications of the (un)resolved Oedipus complex in the characters of Milan Kundera’s novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being.
Methodology: Using the theoretical lens of patriarchy and psychoanalysis, this study analyzes the selected text in an eclectic approach.
Findings: Textual analysis shows that having a (un)resolved Oedipus complex, the female characters of the novel are suppressed and the male characters exploit women sexually as well as psychologically.  Having the potential to control the psyche of the characters, (un)resolved Oedipus shapes the patriarchal behavior of males.
Conclusion: The interlacing of social and psychological forms of oppression makes men think of themselves as having masculine perfection and superiority and consider females as imperfect and inferior subjects.
Reliability, Validity and CFA for Mindfulness Self Efficacy Scale-R (MSES-R) in Urdu Language
Authors: Sheikh Ayesha Shahid , Dawood Saima
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The current study aimed to assess the 22-item MSES-R (Cayoun et,al, 2012) in community sample by adapting it into Urdu Language. The second aim was to establish its psychometric properties by doing test-retest reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.
Method: A sample of men and women (N=186), was taken from Lahore Purposive and convenient sampling was done to collect the data. The study comprised of two phases in total. In phase I, the English version of MSES-R was translated and adapted in Urdu, in the phase II translated version was backwards translated and a pilot study was done. After that, the main study to establish psychometric properties was initiated which included reliability analysis, validity, CFA and test-re test reliability analysis on the data.
Findings: The six-factor MSES-R demonstrated a strong model fit and stability, with a high correlation between scores collected two weeks apart. It contributes to the field of mindfulness research, particularly for clinicians, as it offers an efficient way to measure mindfulness skills. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results confirmed the model's goodness of fit, and composite reliability values exceeded 0.7.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the MSES-R was established to be a valuable tool for assessing mindfulness in a population, with good reliability and convergent validity.
Impact of Work-family Conflict on Marital Satisfaction with Mediating Role of Conflict Resolution Strategies
Authors: Saba Nosheen , Khaliq Aqsa Abdul , Bashir Shaista
Published: December 2024

Purpose of the Study: The aim of this research is to determine whether conflict resolution strategies could be a mediator variable in the association among work-family struggle and matrimonial fulfillment in dual profession pairs who labour in Multan region.
Methodology: The subjects of this research were 220 in which 76 males and 144 females from public and private sectors in Multan. Data gathering used three measuring tools, named as the measuring tool of work-family conflict, marital satisfaction, and conflict management strategies.
Main Findings: The first premise illustrate that conflict management strategies play a role of mediating variable amongst work family struggle and matrimonial fulfillment. The second premise, there is positive significant association among work family struggle, marital fulfillment and conflict management strategies.
Applications of this Study: This research cold be usefull as a suitable foundation, particularly as observation for marital pairs who are also working in public or private organizations to maintain their work, family time as well as resolve their workplace or family conflicts by using conflict resolution strategies to increase their work products and wedded fulfilment.
Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study emphases on the function of conflict resolution strategies as a mediator variable which roles as a bridge among work-family struggle and marital fulfillment. The interconnection affiliation made in this research is a vital worth that essential be a chief concern for potential pairs who will become married to busy situations in their work.
Impact of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Fitness Level of Adults
Authors: Butt Jazil Zafar , Khan Azhar , Khan Alamgir
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: This research aimed to assess the impact of moderate-intensity exercise on the fitness level of athletes. 
Methodology: The study population consisted of 24 adults aged 20 to 25 who regularly engaged in general fitness activities at Lawrence Park in Lahore, Pakistan. The researcher implemented a self-designed exercise protocol for twelve weeks. The training program included exercises such as push-ups, sit-ups, planks, mountain climbers, squats, lunges, toe taps, and butt kicks. Various fitness tests were conducted to assess fitness levels, including the 20m T drill test, a minute sit-up test, standing broad jump, core plank test, 100m sprint test, and 600m running test. Pre and post-test data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version-26), and appropriate statistical tools were applied based on the study’s nature and requirements. 
Findings: Results of the study revealed that 600m running and 100m sprint were significantly (p<0.05) correlated with other test variables. Furthermore, moderate-intensity exercises had significant (p<0.001) and positive effects on physical fitness and exercise. These findings suggest that such programs can help individuals improve their physical fitness and exercise routines. 
Conclusion: Based on the data findings, the researcher concluded that moderate-intensity exercise significantly affects adults' physical fitness level.
Between role and expression: Conjunction analysis and its pedagogical implication in teaching writing
Authors: Gunas Tobias , Darong Hieronimus Canggung
Published: December 2024

This qualitative study used a combination of linguistic and rhetorical analysis to look at how conjunctions are used in Donald Trump and Joe Biden's victory speeches. Grounded in a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory, this article examined the functional features of language in the social context of political speech. The result of analysis shows distinctive patterns in conjunction choices that include locative, additive, contrastive, purpose-driven, simultaneous, sequential, conditional, and causal roles. While Trump's speech stresses additive and simultaneous structures, reflecting his dynamic and emotive rhetorical approach, Biden's speech lens toward purposeful conjunction, in line with a policy-oriented communication style. In the meantime, some types of conjunctions are absent prompts a reflection on implicit messages. Overall, by raising students' awareness of conjunction usage and its rhetorical impact in persuasive discourse, this study offers a nuanced exploration of language choices and advances our understanding of how conjunctions function within the larger context of political communication. This has potential pedagogical implications for ELT, particularly in the teaching of writing.
Impact of group discussion on student’s performance in biology (A case study of Heyik secondary school in Kaduna south local government area of Kaduna Nigeria)
Authors: Ifeoma Kingsley Peace
Published: December 2024

This study assessed the impact of group discussions on students' academic performance in biology at Heyik Secondary School, Kaduna. The main objective was to explore how group discussions influenced students' understanding of biology, identify factors affecting their effectiveness, and address challenges like time management. Grounded in Behaviourism, Constructivism, Connectivism, and Experiential Learning Theories, the study used a survey design with 150 randomly selected senior secondary students. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to examine the relationships between group discussions, communication, and student performance. The findings showed a positive and significant correlation between communication within group discussions and improved biology performance. Both learning and development were also positively correlated with better academic outcomes, suggesting that group discussions enhance comprehension and retention. However, time management emerged as a key challenge, with scheduling conflicts and inefficient use of time limiting the benefits. The study recommends that educators focus on enhancing communication strategies, incorporating modern tools, and promoting continuous learning through curriculum and extracurricular activities. Continuous monitoring and evaluation, with regular assessments, will help refine communication and time management strategies based on student feedback and performances.
Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na sektor ubezpieczeń GPW w Warszawie S.A.
Authors:   Wydział Zarządzania, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska, Winkler-Drews Tadeusz
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The article aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the insurance
sector of the Warsaw Stock Exchange S.A. in 2019–2021.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Quarterly financial reports were used to conduct the study.
The economic condition was examined using elements of financial analysis, and the valuation
was based on the analysis of market rates of return.
Findings: The results allowed us to conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic harmed the insurance
sector of WSE. Due to the differences in the parameters of the size of capitalization, the
scope of services provided, the territory of operation and the structure of sources of income,
the effects of the pandemic are significantly different. The pandemic had a minor impact on
the financial condition of PZU S.A., however, the economic condition of the remaining analysed
entities deteriorated. The market valuation in the analysed period also varied two companies
recorded a significant decline in rates of return compared to the rate of return of the WSE
benchmark, while the remaining two achieved rates of return higher than the rate of return
of the WIG index.
Research limitations/implications: In the conducted research, the limitations were: a small
research sample – a small number of studied companies and the specific nature of the analysed
industry insurance companies are characterized by a different nature compared to the
others, which resulted in the specific selection of elements of financial analysis in the conducted
study.
Originality/value: The article raises the issue of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the
financial condition and market valuation of a specific industry.
The State Abroad: The Role of Emerging Market SOEs in International Business Dynamics
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland, Trus Mendes Pedro
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study examines emerging market State-Owned Multinationals’ (SOEs’) impact
on the international business landscape by emphasising their dual role as commercial units
and government instruments. Addressing the mainstream frameworks on internationalisation,
we uncover the ways these firms navigate the complexities of global trade, thus contributing
to the understanding of international business dynamics in the context of global power
balances.
Design/Methodology/Approach: By making use of a narrative literature review, this research
aims to synthesise perspectives from a wide array of academic contributions found in leading
international business journals. By examining this literature, the study seeks to integrate theories
with findings from recent discussions on the internationalisation of emerging market SOEs.
Through this methodological approach, we seek to elucidate the role of these firms in global
trade and government dynamics in market operations.
Findings: This research shows the increasing role of SOEs in the global market, with the rising
protagonist part of emerging markets such as the BRICS countries. These firms play an
important role of intersection in the commercial objectives and the geopolitical ambitions of
their home country. The interaction between state influence, the institutional contexts in both
home and host nation, and strategies both in political and economic terms are important
perspectives brought by this research.
Research limitation/Implications: The limitations of this research are the reliance on published
academic literature, which may not always capture the dynamics of international business and
the political scenario and its rapid developments, and the unstructured nature of a narrative
literature review. The findings from this research have important implications for policymakers
and business managers, as well as for the scholarly literature when understanding the
internationalisation of emerging market SOEs.
Ekonomiczna wartość danych a ochrona użytkowników-konsumentów na cyfrowych platformach Glosa do wyroku Okręgowego Sądu Administracyjnego w Lacjum z dnia 10 stycznia 2020 r., nr 261/2020
Authors:   Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie, Zygmuntowski Jan J. , Wawrzyniak Blanka ,   Fundacja Instrat
Published: December 2024

Przedmiotem niniejszej glosy jest analiza orzeczenia Okręgowego Sądu Administracyjnego wydanego w odniesieniu do decyzji włoskiego urzędu antymonopolowego (Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato) nakładającej na spółkę Facebook karę 10 mln euro w związku z naruszaniem przez przedsiębiorcę prawa konsumenckiego. Artykuł koncentruje się przede wszystkim na ekonomicznej wartości danych osobowych oraz możliwości ich gospodarczego wykorzystywania przez podmioty cyfrowe. Rozważania dokonywane są w oparciu o unijne oraz krajowe przepisy znajdujące zastosowanie w odniesieniu do danych osobowych, z uwzględnieniem najnowszych zmian legislacyjnych w tej materii. Autorzy wskazują, że choć dane osobowe mają nietowarowy charakter, umożliwianie ich przetwarzania może być traktowane jako świadczenie niepieniężne użytkownika na rzecz platformy-przedsiębiorcy, a co za tym idzie powinno podlegać ochronie na podstawie krajowych regulacji dotyczących stosunków między przedsiębiorcą a konsumentem.
Przegląd decyzji Prezesa UOKiK dotyczących naruszeń zbiorowych interesów konsumentów w 2019 r. i I połowie 2020 r.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Urbanek Anna
Published: December 2024

Niniejszy przegląd stanowi omówienie i komentarz do decyzji Prezesa UOKiK dotyczących naruszeń zbiorowych interesów konsumentów, wydanych w okresie od stycznia 2019 r. do czerwca 2020 r. Analizie poddano przypadki uchybienia przepisom wybranych ustaw regulujących świadczenie różnego rodzaju usług oraz prawa konsumentów w relacjach z przedsiębiorcami. W opracowaniu przedstawiono najczęściej stosowane przez przedsiębiorców praktyki, a także takie, które są szczególnie interesujące ze względu na wysokość kary określonej w decyzji lub medialny wydźwięk danej sprawy.
Dieselgate i konsekwencje prawne manipulowania emisją spalin
Authors:   Uniwersytet „Tor Vergata” w Rzymie, Mazur Zofia
Published: December 2024

Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na aferze Dieselgate związanej z manipulowaniem wartościami emisji spalin przez pojazdy produkowane przez niemiecki koncern samochodowy Volkswagen. Mimo że zarówno w Europie, jak i poza jej granicami podejmuje się wiele inicjatyw i działań zmierzających do ograniczenia emisji szkodliwych zanieczyszczeń, jedna z największych spółek motoryzacyjnych dopuściła się fałszerstw na szeroką skalę. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie aktualnej sytuacji i analiza wszczętych postępowań dotyczących skandalu Dieselgate w wybranych państwach europejskich, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Włoch i Polski.
The service facilities in the theory and practice of public economic law
Authors: Ciszak Przemysław , Kraśniewski Marcin ,   Uniwersytet Łódzki: Wydział Prawa i Administracji
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of EU and national law in the field of access to service facilities. The paper aims to demonstrate that in the case of access to service facilities, which is a new instrument of economic regulation, we are dealing with an instrument of this regulation, which aims to develop goals other than ensuring competition in the rail sector. Second, the article’s purpose is to demonstrate that there is no unbundling in the relationship between a rail carrier and an operator of service facilities. Third, the paper indicates that access to service facilities is a legal instrument that also protects the operator of service facilities. Fourth, this study is designed to present access to the operator of service facilities in the practice of judicial decisions of administrative courts in Poland.
Towards new forms of using social media: Museums activity on LinkedIn
Authors:   Jagiellonian University, Poland, Sawczuk Magdalena
Published: December 2024

The social media landscape changes very fast. It regards, among others, the accessible platforms
and the features of social media tools. It also concerns the broad spectrum of institutions that start
their virtual activity in different ways, and museums’ participation in social media can be indicated
here. Their activity mainly focuses on communication with the audience or other museums, but some
new approaches can also be observed. One of them is activity on LinkedIn, which is closely connected
to the professional perspective and employee-related issues. Hence, the article aims to explore the
main paths and forms of the Polish museum’s activity on LinkedIn. The study was conducted using
social media content analysis with the support of observations and interviews. Results revealed four
main categories of museums’ activity on LinkedIn, with only a small part of them focused on “truly”
profession-related issues. Still, even if LinkedIn is rather not a popular platform, some good practices in
using this social media platform were observed.
AIDS and Policymaking in the US and UK during the 1980s
Authors:   , Harper Thomas Robert
Published: December 2024

The AIDS Crisis of the 1980s represented an unprecedented public health challenge that transcended the boundaries of disease response, capturing a multitude of policy issues and a plethora of interconnected and competing socio-cultural problems. This thesis employs a comparative framework to develop a fresh analysis of the British and American responses to AIDS during the 1980s. It demonstrates the importance of the period prior to the discovery of HIV and redresses scholarly focus on the mobilisation against it from the mid-decade onwards in the US. Furthermore, it challenges and builds upon the existing scholarship through a comparative lens, placing a spotlight on the emergence of new material and debates around inaction and mobilisation that would previously have been missed by a focus on individual nation states. The main contention of this thesis is that a comparative framework enables a perspective to better articulate the nuances of AIDS policy development in the US and UK, and to reassess the existing scholarship within a broader contextual and circumstantial scope. It posits that 1981-1989 was a period of two distinct policy phases. The pre-discovery phase (1981-1984) was largely governed by similar levels of administrative inactivity on both sides of the Atlantic. However, this thesis asserts that we must contextualise these parallels and suggests the absence and avoidance framework to better explain them. The post-discovery phase (1985- 1989) was primarily shaped by the contrasting mobilisation and stagnation of the British and American policy narratives in important policy areas such as public health education, screening and policy for intravenous drug use. These divergent policy trends cultivated unique policy discourse that reflected the individual context of the respective nations and, subsequently, delivered alternative responses to the disease.
Addressing the weight management needs of underserved populations: a systems perspective
Authors:   , Nield Lucie
Published: December 2024

Background:
Nutritional inequality leads to poorer health and wellbeing outcomes, including acquisition of diseases such as obesity. Obesity is recognised in policy as a complex global health issue which continues to increase. Current practice is based on a conceptualisation of individualised responsibility for weight gain, and transactional behaviour-change interventions which rely on individual agency. These interventions are poorly engaged with, have high attrition rates, and likely contribute to further health inequality. These communities are often referred to as ‘underserved’ and are excluded from service or system design and delivery.
Method:
A series of mixed-method design research papers using qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to explore nutritional inequalities (e.g., obesity, diabetes) in selected places, with selected people and the food environment in the context of underserved communities.
Results:
Seldom heard and underserved communities provide valuable insight into their lived experience and can highlight failings in the current system and interventions, whilst suggesting alternative solutions which are likely to be more successful at reducing health and nutritional inequalities. The results of this research have contributed towards the development of NICE weight management guidelines, made recommendations for policy change and improving obesity management, developed a Theory of Change which highlights the impact of the seldom heard public voice in service design and development and food provision, and has extended the socioecological model of food choice for Muslim adolescents.
Conclusion:
A re-conceptualisation of obesity management supports a more systemic approach and interventions that are more successful because they are coproduced with empowered underserved communities. By coproducing solutions with- rather than for underserved communities, it is possible to overcome barriers and facilitate changes in policy and practice to elicit a healthier holistic environment for all which reduces nutritional inequalities.
The Impact of Ontology on Organisation Strategy: A Critical Validation and Appraisal
Authors:   , Caine Jamie
Published: December 2024

This research aims to develop a strategy ontology that integrates pertinent strategy concepts in support of enhancing the practice of strategy development. Through adopting a pragmatism philosophy, the study applies a mixed methods approach. Strategy models and theories that inform the formalisation of essential strategy objects and their associated semantics are extensively reviewed, providing a robust foundation for understanding and managing strategy within organisations. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is employed to validate and correct the orchestration of semantics, ensuring accuracy and coherence in the representation of strategy concepts. Additionally, FCA is used as a vehicle to explore the dependencies associated with semantic pathways and uncover the pertinent strategy ontology patterns that facilitate a deeper understanding of strategy. The strategy models review alongside the semantic analysis driven through FCA, informs the development of a strategy ontology meta-model. This model serves as the basis for a proposed lifecycle framework. The framework outlines the typical steps undertaken throughout the lifecycle of strategy development, incorporating formalised concepts, semantics, and associated models. To demonstrate the applicability of the strategy ontology, an action case is presented illustrating efficacy. The case challenge is associated with a real-world local government enterprise resource planning (ERP) application strategy scenario. The action case evidences how the strategy ontology can inform strategic analysis and enhance stakeholder communication. The resulting strategy artefacts informed by the ontology lead to enhanced visibility and understanding of how applications and technology drive digital services. They also support and enable the corporate strategy. The integration and alignment traces itself through to business unit level artefacts, revealing a “Golden thread through not just from the strategy, but then as we start to unravel the opening layers of the technology stack as well.” Overall, this thesis contributes to the advancement of strategy management by providing a comprehensive strategy ontology informed by rigorous theory and practical application. The resulting artefacts from the action case serve as evidence towards the efficacy and utility of the strategy ontology. They demonstrate an ability to guide strategy initiatives within organisations
Fenestrologie et bio-poétique de l’attention chez Dominique Fortier et Hélène Dorion1
Authors: Péladeau-Houle Mendel
Published: December 2024

Cet article examine la manière dont une bio-poétique de l’attention, entendue comme l’art de façonner l’attention envers les êtres vivants, se manifeste dans les textes de Dominique Fortier et d’Hélène Dorion. Il établit un parallèle entre la notion d’attention et la figure de la fenêtre, dispositif ayant historiquement servi dans la littérature à penser la relation au monde extérieur. Dominique Fortier et Hélène Dorion utilisent le motif différemment, mais se rejoignent sur deux constats : les autres qu’humains participent du processus attentionnel et la littérature peut servir à penser l’attention au vivant.
Du principe d’ambivalence chrétien à la « Distance ontologique » de Hans Blumenberg
Authors: Marciset Pierre-Adrien
Published: December 2024

Cet article propose d’étudier le cas pratique d’un phénomène se manifestant dans l’historicité de la conscience, analysé depuis les outils de la phénoménologie anthropologique de Hans Blumenberg. Nous avons donc observé le cas particulier de ce que nous avons d’abord appelé le « principe d’ambivalence », phénomène ponctuel et isolable s’inscrivant en fait plus largement dans l’identification proposée par le philosophe allemand dans son relevé d’une métacinétique des horizons historiques de sens, c’est-à-dire la morphologie de la « Distance ontologique ».
Christopher Hookway, In Memoriam
Authors: Moya Carlos , Grimaltos Tobies , Valor Jordi
Published: December 2024

Obituary of Professor Chistopher Hookway