bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memories of the Martyrs
Authors: Cobb L. Stephanie
Published: May 2017

Historians of Late Ancient Christianity have often noted the appropriation of the language of martyrdom within ascetic texts. When martyrdom was no longer attainable, many authors fashioned asceticism as a “daily martyrdom.” In The Life of Melania the Younger, Melania participates in numerous “contests,” “combats,” and “battles”; she is “persecuted” and yet she “endures.” This chapter investigates ways that asceticism may not only have fashioned itself as a new martyrdom but also may have claimed earlier martyr texts in the service of new (ascetic) interests. This study approaches the fourth- and fifth-century accounts of the deaths of the third-century North African martyrs, Perpetua and Felicitas, as witnesses to the continued communal interest in the stories of the Carthaginian martyrs during the rise of Christian asceticism. In doing so, it uncovers textual strategies by which the witnessing (martyr) of the saints was made relevant to new ecclesiastical settings.
The Memory of Melania
Authors: Krawiec Rebecca
Published: May 2017

Melania the Elder, the “female man of God,” performs several masculine functions throughout Palladius’s Lausiac History, even as he repeatedly defines her as female. In a work based on collective memory, she serves as a source of stories about those in the desert and as a recipient of holy relics from male monks to preserve their memory. Her prominence is particularly noticeable in her relationship with Evagrius, serving as a confessor of his love affair and as his spiritual director in sending him to Egypt. Palladius therefore creates a social memory of Melania as both female and male, making her a counter to the women associated with the ascetic writer and teacher Jerome. These women appear as extensions of the argument about gender that were part of the Origenist controversy. Jerome’s women are properly female, subordinate to male teaching, while Palladius’s Melania has a gender ambiguity.
A Life in Letters
Authors: Young Robin Darling
Published: May 2017

In Palladius’ Lausiac History, Melania appears as an eyewitness to events and a direct informant of his accounts of Evagrius and other solitaries. Among other roles, Melania functions as a prophet of the fall of Rome and a voice of a Christian sibyl, warning senators and their wives against the coming of the Antichrist. Along with Paulinus of Nola’s Letter 29, and Jerome’s short and scathing reference, Palladius’ encomiastic passages on Melania are the sole description of this “female man of God,” apart from the letters that seem to have been addressed to her by her alleged student Evagrius of Pontus. This chapter compares Evagrius’ implied description of Melania in his letters, with that of Palladius’ portrait to determine where and how the latter has adjusted the former.
The Lost Generation
Authors: Jacobs Andrew S.
Published: May 2017

Between the 370s and 410s, notable Christians left the Western Roman Empire to form monastic establishments in the nascent “holy land.” Melania the Elder was among the first wave of these Western ascetic migrants followed—more than a generation later—by her granddaughter. This chapter compares these late ancient émigrés to the so-called Lost Generation of American expatriates who settled in artistic enclaves in Paris between the two World Wars. Both sets of migrations highlight the relationship between colonized space (post-War Paris, post-Constantinian Jerusalem) and the pursuit of virtuosity (literary, ascetic). The other space of migration highlights the failures of an imperial center, yet that center is never fully disavowed. Indeed, the fondest hope of the Lost Generation migrants is that their displaced virtuosity will reconstruct the cultural and moral core of (American, Roman) empire by producing a new aristocracy of talent.
Introduction
Authors: Zheng Wang
Published: May 2017

Starting with a brief history of feminism in China and women in the Communist Revolution to contextualize the emergence of socialist state feminists, the chapter introduces key findings of the book, highlights a politics of concealment and a politics of erasure, explains how “anti-feudalism” served as a coded phrase for socialist feminist agendas developed by the gender-based mass organization–ACWF from its paradoxical position of both being a part of the state power and a subordinated group in the power structure of the male-dominated CCP. The chapter emphasizes the cultural front as an important arena of feminist engagement with a patriarchal culture, and explains the two-part-structure of the book that examines the relationship between the ACWF and the CCP, and the relationship between a socialist feminist revolution of culture and the Cultural Revolution.
Feminist Contentions in Socialist State Formation
Authors: Zheng Wang
Published: May 2017

Focusing on the Shanghai Women’s Federation’s organizing and mobilizing efforts at the grassroots since the CCP took over Shanghai in 1949, this chapter traces the ACWF’s institutional development and feminist contentions in the early stage of socialist state formation. It illuminates contentious gendered power struggles in the process of demarcating differences between the “government” and the “mass organization” that structured an appearance of a socialist state as well as regulated a subordinated status of the WF system in the power structure of the new socialist state. Feminist critical voices found in the archives demonstrate a relaxed political atmosphere in the initial stage of the CCP’s rule, while the battles over the grassroots organization Women’s Congress reveal male hostility towards feminist endeavors in the CCP upon the founding of the PRC. A politics of concealment was identified in this early stage.
The Political Perils in 1957
Authors: Zheng Wang
Published: May 2017

The work report of the ACWF at the third National Women’s Congress presented a conservative theme of “two diligences” for women-work, an obvious reversion from its previous commitment to equality between men and women and women’s liberation.Investigating the puzzle in the context of the Anti-Rightest Campaign in 1957, this chapter exposes ferocious gender contentions in the Party Central and a moment of grave crisis that threatened the existence of the ACWF. Informal power of the ACWF top leaders was highlighted in the examination of this struggle when they obtained the support of Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoqi,which enabled the survival of the ACWF. The ACWF’s rapid switch of its position in the Great Leap Forwardrevealed both state feminists’ persistent feminist commitment to women’s liberation and their differentemphases on practical gender interestsandstrategicgender interests.
Creating a Feminist Cultural Front
Authors: Zheng Wang
Published: May 2017

Challenging the assumption of “Party propaganda,” this chapter finds a feminist cultural front in the ACWF’s flagship magazine Women of China and illuminates state feminist discursive maneuvers that targeted masculinist practices in and outside the CCP.State feminist visionswere embodied in the magazine’svisual representation of laboring women who broke gender segregation in public arena, signifying feminist pursuits of women’s double liberation of gender and class, continuing a New Culture anti-feudalistagenda, and shaping new socialist subjectivity. Editors’ practices of the “mass line” in cultural production created a public space for women’s voices that expressed their own concerns, contrary to the assumption of the seamless domination of a party/state. The strategies of its feminist founding editors Shen Zijiu and Dong Bian to juggle multiple and often contradictory demands of the Party and diverse women groups areexamined against the fluid political contexts.
Fashioning Socialist Visual Culture
Authors: Zheng Wang
Published: May 2017

Xia Yan, the underground leader of the left-wing films in the 1930s and top official of the film industry in the PRC since 1954, embodied the cultural history of the CCP. A brief biography of this Communist feminist artist leader disrupts the reductive dichotomy of the Party vs. artists in film studies and illuminates a tension-ridden history of socialist filmmaking that constituted a highly contentious site in the socialist revolution. Situating his politically engagingartistic creativity inside ashiftingpolitical process, this chapter traces Xia Yan’s major role in transmitting the New Culture agenda of transforming a patriarchal culture in socialist cultural production and delineatesdiverse and contradictory politicalpositions and artistic preferences in artists’ innovative experimentsofcreating a socialist new culture. It also analyzes his films that continued the paradigm of revolutionary heroines.
The Cultural Origins of the Cultural Revolution
Authors: Zheng Wang
Published: May 2017

Locating a turning point in socialist film industry in 1964, this chapter demonstrates a crucial moment when a socialist feminist revolution of culture was replaced by the ascending Cultural Revolution in the cultural realm. An anti-feudalism agenda was defined as revisionist and bourgeois by radicals in the CCP in their propagating of a Maoist class struggle. Underlying the political maneuvers were personal animosities that led to Xia Yan’s downfall and Jiang Qing’s ascendance to the power center.The chapter presents a gender analysis of Jiang Qing’s revolutionary model theaters and suggests a re-location and re-periodization of the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in the cultural realm in 1964.
Conclusion
Authors: Zheng Wang
Published: May 2017

Summarizing socialist state feminists’ struggles in the early PRC, this chapterpoints out thatwithout a conscious feminist transformation of the entrenchedmale supremacisthierarchical mentality,the CCP male leaders’ pursuit of a Communist dream was inherently flawed, and eventually redirected by an inner masculinist drive to reproduce male dominance. Analyses of causes of the failure of a socialist revolution are followed with an examination of socialist state feminist legacies in contemporary China. The chapter ends with a discussion of transformed political fields of Chinese feminism in the age of global capitalism whenthe ACWFno longercommands a unified women’s movement and is not in the position to continue a socialist feminist revolution, instead embracing a UN mandate of gender mainstreaming;and growing numbers of young feminists operate outside the official system via the cyber space interacting with feminists transnationally, rising as a dynamic political force challenging male dominance.
The Sounds of Revolution?
Authors: Jakelski Lisa
Published: May 2017

This chapter makes a case study of the Warsaw Autumn’s founding and first season. It argues that the 1956 concerts, which coincided with the political upheaval of the Polish October Revolution, offered a first answer to the question of what it would mean for a music festival in socialist Poland to be “contemporary” as well as “international” during the Thaw. As they crafted the 1956 Warsaw Autumn, festival participants were constructing an institutional paradigm that still depended on interwar patterns of cultural contact and Stalinist-era practices of state investment in the arts, but also transformed the art world in which elite Polish composers worked. The moves the Warsaw Autumn’s first participants made not only reflected what was possible in mid-1950s Poland: these actions also created a framework for the future.
A Raucous Education
Authors: Jakelski Lisa
Published: May 2017

Chapter 3 considers the effects that festival performances had on Warsaw Autumn audiences, as well the work these audiences performed through their listening practices. Public response was what demonstrated the Warsaw Autumn’s legitimacy as a socialist education project. Concertgoers’ uninhibited behaviors had additional meaning as forms of political action and strategies to accrue social and cultural prestige. Drawing on political scientist Michael Chwe’s theory of common knowledge formation, the chapter further argues that scandals were an important aspect of public education and taste formation at the Warsaw Autumn. The public contributed to the genre-making that took place via festival events, for their concert-hall behavior suggested that, in addition to various compositional styles and techniques, “contemporary music” entailed certain modes of audience response.
Mobilizing Performers, Scores, and Avant-Gardes
Authors: Jakelski Lisa
Published: May 2017

This chapter details festival organizers’ efforts to seek out the latest avant-garde musical trends in the 1960s and provide a stage for them in Poland. It shows how this process differed depending on whether the desired performers and compositions were from East or West, official or unofficial, or émigrés from the Eastern Bloc. The chapter argues that performances of avant-garde music at the Warsaw Autumn promoted the formation of cross-border cultural ties that were based on shared aesthetic values of sonic exploration and ongoing technical innovation. These transnational connections destabilized presumptive hierarchies of cultural influence within the Soviet sphere and mitigated Cold War divisions. At the same time, the festival’s organizational procedures reinforced nation-state and geopolitical borders by attaching musicians and musical works to singular, specific points of origin.
The Limits of Exchange
Authors: Jakelski Lisa
Published: May 2017

By way of a case study of the 1968 Warsaw Autumn/ISCM Festival, chapter 6 revisits the question of what it meant for a music institution in socialist Poland to be international as well as contemporary. The chapter shows that transnational bonds were put to the test in 1968, when the Warsaw Autumn co-hosted the ISCM Festival in the wake of the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. On the one hand, the co-hosting arrangement was a sign of the Warsaw Autumn’s successful integration into border-spanning new music networks. However, this integration only went so far: a significant number of the festival’s Western performers boycotted to protest Poland’s military involvement in the Prague Spring’s suppression. Through an investigation of these problems, the chapter argues that the joint Warsaw Autumn/ISCM festival demonstrated both the limits and the potential of 1960s transnationalism.
Introduction
Authors: Musser Charles
Published: May 2017

Defines a mediascape that includes the mass media of newspapers, radio, television and the Internet; audio-visual technologies such as photography, motion pictures, and the telephone; as well as expressive forms such as oratory and public pageantry which do not depend on technology. It sketches the historical backdrop of industrialization for the political campaigns and media formations of the 1890s: the telegraph, railroad and mass circulation newspapers of the 1830s and 1840s, and the emergence of a new wave of communication and transportation technologies in the 1890s. Finally it considers the evolving state of historical research and writing on film and media facilitated by new digital technologies that enable random word searches of huge amounts of new data.
The Stereopticon: Platform or New Media Form?
Authors: Musser Charles
Published: May 2017

Investigates the history of the stereopticon as a radically modernized magic lantern and its place in a larger US media formation. Using random word searches, its arch of popularity is traced from the 1860s to an 1890s apex, followed by a gradual decline. The coincidence of its emergence with the term “illustrated lecture” is noted, pointing towards the initial formation of the documentary tradition. Circa 1850 the Frederick and William Langenheim developed the photographic glass slide: a key element of the stereopticon dispositif. Ten years later John Fallon introduced the stereopticon as a form of screen entertainment. In 1871, the stereopticon began to be used for outdoor advertising; soon after it was used to promote candidates and issues.
Cinema, McKinley at Home, and the 1896 Election
Authors: Musser Charles
Published: May 2017

The 1896 elections, coming after a long period of economic distress, produced a political realignment and mobilized various new media forms for politicking purposes. Many traditionally Democratic newspapers rejected William Jennings Bryan’s Populism and switched their loyalties to Republican candidate William McKinley, giving William Randolph Hearst an opening to become a champion of Democracy. The Republican candidate’s brother, Abner McKinley, invested in the American Mutoscope Company and the Republican National Committee sponsored its official theatrical debut as its biograph projector screened McKinley at Home. The rival Edison Manufacturing Company offered a train scene featuring Bryan. The Republicans embraced technological novelties such as the phonograph, the telephone and the bicycle--implying that innovation would help to solve the economic crisis.
Coda
Authors: Musser Charles
Published: May 2017

The first section characterizes the structure of feeling of US presidential elections during the long 1890s, making comparisons between that decade and the contemporary moment, noting similarities between the campaigns of William McKinley and Barack Obama. It briefly considers new media moments such as radio and television as well as recurrent structures of politicking in the twentieth century. The second section considers the shift from Film Studies to Film and Media Studies and the dialogic relations between the study of early cinema and the emerging field of media archaeology. Finally considers ways in which the illustrated lecture can be analyzed within the framework of Documentary Studies.
Flame and Fortune in the American West
Authors: Simon Gregory L.
Published: May 2017

This book investigates the ongoing politics, folly, and avarice shaping the production of increasingly widespread yet dangerous suburban and exurban landscapes. The 1991 Oakland Hills Tunnel Fire is used as a starting point to better understand these complex social-environmental processes. The Tunnel Fire is the most destructive fire—in terms of structures lost—in California history. More than 3,000 residential structures burned and 25 lives were lost. Although this fire occurred in Oakland and Berkeley, others like it sear through landscapes in California and the American West that have experienced urban growth and development within areas historically prone to fire. The book blends environmental history, political ecology, and science studies to closely examine the Tunnel Fire within a broader historical and spatial context of regional economic development and natural-resource management, such as the widespread planting of eucalyptus trees as an exotic lure for homeowners and the creation of hillside neighborhoods for tax revenue—decisions that produced communities with increased vulnerability to fire. The book demonstrates how in Oakland a drive for affluence led to a state of vulnerability for rich and poor alike that has only been exacerbated by the rebuilding of neighborhoods after the fire. Despite these troubling trends, the text illustrates how many popular and scientific debates on fire limit the scope and efficacy of policy responses. These risky yet profitable developments (what the book refers to as the Incendiary), as well as proposed strategies for challenging them, are discussed in the context of urbanizing areas around the American West and hold global applicability within hazard-prone areas.
Introduction
Authors: Simon Gregory L.
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter presents the author's recollections about the fire that almost burned down his childhood home when he was sixteen. He was home alone when he heard a policeman outside the house asking residents to evacuate. He describes seeing his neighbors' homes became the source of smoke and embers dropping in their backyards. He returns to his house to pick up his cat, gets in the car, and leaves. Returning home with his parents the next day, they find that their home remained fully intact alongside a neighbor to each side. While he was overjoyed to see the structure and all their possessions in one piece, this euphoria was quickly lost to the sight of smoldering ruins all around, including their neighbors' and friends' homes. In retrospect, he concludes that given the day's conditions and the previous century of extensive residential development, the outcome of the 1991 Tunnel Fire was both unsurprising and inevitable.
The 1991 Tunnel Fire
Authors: Simon Gregory L.
Published: May 2017

The 1991 Oakland Hills Tunnel Fire is perhaps the most significant urban wildfire in United States history. Located in northeastern Oakland, California, and stretching northward into the city of Berkeley and east into neighboring Contra Costa County, the Tunnel Fire destroyed more than three thousand dwelling units and killed twenty-five people over a twenty-four-hour period. In adjusted 2012 dollars, the fire is estimated to have generated $2.5 billion in losses. Across the region, nation, and even internationally, the Tunnel Fire (or “Oakland Hills Firestorm” or “East Bay Hills Firestorm” depending on who is reporting) remains the urban wildfire reference point in U.S. history. This chapter describes the importance of an affluence-vulnerability interface analytic approach as a complement to more conventional wildland-urban interface analysis. It also presents important background information on the book's primary case study thread—the Tunnel Fire.
The Changing American West
Authors: Simon Gregory L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter establishes a conceptual justification for the implementation of an affluence-vulnerability interface analytic approach to manage current and prospective suburban landscapes—indeed a major characteristic of the West is the immense amount of land currently still eligible for suburban and exurban conversion. Along with this important land characteristic, it provides a synoptic view of the rapidly transforming West more generally through a discussion of recent suburbanization, climatic, and fire activity trends. Most importantly “the Incendiary” is introduced as a metaphor for treating the suburban West like a troubled patient (an arsonist) with deeply held and engrained behaviors and characteristics. The chapter suggests that engaging the West as merely a flammable landscape is to confront symptoms of the Incendiary, while confronting the Incendiary itself is to treat the essential character and core mechanisms driving growth and social-environmental changes in high fire risk landscapes at the urban fringe.
Setting the Stage for Disaster
Authors: Simon Gregory L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on government retrenchment, conservative homeowner politics, and state tax restructuring spanning the 1950s to 1980s. It highlights the scalar dimensions of vulnerability-in-production. In the face of a postwar suburban growth politics—culminating in the overthrow of conventional structures of taxation—metropolitan core areas like Oakland experienced tax reduced revenue growth rates, as well as depleted operating budgets within tax-dependent city fire services leading to reduced fire department budgets up to and during the Tunnel Fire. In order to generate new sources of tax revenue, city officials pursued large housing developments within high fire risk areas. The gradual increase in exposure to wildfires in the Tunnel Fire area is thus deeply intertwined within California's broader tax-revolt political movement. The chapter challenges spatially and temporally truncated explanations of fire vulnerability that fail to grapple with complex socioeconomic factors undergirding the placement of homes in areas that are already susceptible to wildfire. It ends by illustrating how factors generating vulnerability and affluence in the Tunnel Fire area also contribute to the production of vulnerabilities throughout the rest of Oakland.
Smoke Screen
Authors: Simon Gregory L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents three cases that illustrate how the underlying drivers of wildland-urban interface (WUI) wildfires frequently mischaracterize the relative role of ecological and social structures of influence. The first case explores the rather unscientific origins of the term firestorm and the credibility it is afforded as a legitimate fire classification through its normative use and acceptance in mainstream fire discourse. This process diminishes the very social and profitable origins of the WUI fire problem and naturalizes these areas as a hazardous by-product of larger, exogenous, and inviolable environmental forces such as climate change. The second case examines recent efforts to study and explain the relationship between mountain pine beetles and fire activity in the western United States. The third case describes the deeply political and protracted process of challenging the economically powerful wood shingle and cedar shake industry. Collectively all three cases illustrate how contemporary discourses on fire tend to truncate the scope of what counts (or is allowed to be brought to the debate table) as an underlying driver of increased fire activity in the West.
Debates of Distraction
Authors: Simon Gregory L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents two debates that illustrate how key decision-makers become mired in ideologically contentious disagreements, and how these issues distract nearly all parties from directly addressing the systemic causes of fire risk at the wildland-urban interface. A first example explores contemporary debates over eucalyptus management in the Oakland and Berkeley hills. Disagreements over the flammability of eucalyptus and their nonnative status divert attention away from broader social processes: mechanisms of development that actually drive fire vulnerability (and the premise of these very debates) in the first place. A second case explores yet another ideological battleground, this time pitting private property rights advocates concerned with controlling their own fire protection against those advocating for greater public agency involvement. City fire mitigation fees have produced a contentious proxy debate that forestalls other important discussions, such as whether to build more homes at all and whether to shift fire mitigation efforts from adaptation to growth minimization.
Dispatches from the Field
Authors: Simon Gregory L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter uses radio communication transcripts from the Tunnel Fire to illuminate specific challenges experienced by residents and responders alike at the time of the event. Based on these first-hand accounts, several important issues emerge concerning water, road, and power infrastructure. A review of reconstruction efforts in each area of concern demonstrates that progress toward reconciliation has been mixed. Capital improvements were driven largely by private property considerations and residents seeking to leverage the disaster in pursuit of neighborhood enhancements and estate-based wealth accumulation. Upgrades to water and power line equipment were lobbied and partially paid for by residents who used their positions of privilege to engage in collectivized risk reduction. In these instances the community was willing and able to supplement beleaguered city budget capacities and help pay for municipal upgrades. This presented a win-win for residents and the city of Oakland alike. However, when private benefits were less evident (or simply not attainable)—as was the case with road-widening initiatives—residents were less apt to back such recovery efforts. As a result, the pursuit of win-win outcomes unraveled.
Out of the Ashes
Authors: Simon Gregory L.
Published: May 2017

This chapter continues the discussion of post-disaster reconstruction and fire mitigation efforts by presenting two examples that illustrate the continued extraction of profits from these high-risk areas. First, home reconstruction data in California and Colorado reveal that rebuilt homes are both bigger and more proximate to one another than prefire structures. Not only do these larger homes increase property values; they also increase overall fuel load and potential fire spread between structures. The chapter reviews important political economic considerations leading to this reconstruction outcome that has in turn injected more fuel and value onto the landscape. Second, it considers the emergence of the private firefighting industry to illustrate yet another group seeking to extract profits from high-risk residential landscapes across the West. The chapter shows that fire-prone landscapes like the Tunnel Fire area are notable for their ability to generate wealth both before and after hazard events. Over time financial opportunism has contributed to the formation of vulnerable communities while simultaneously incentivizing efforts to mitigate those very same risks. This marks a financially viable self-fulfilling prophecy: profits in production, profits in protection.
Conclusion
Authors: Simon Gregory L.
Published: May 2017

This concluding chapter begins by using the Yarnell Hill Fire in Arizona to illustrate the real risks and human tragedies that arise when fighting fires that threaten residential communities. The disaster reminds us that civil society, politicians, city planners, and private developers among others should no longer conform to fiscal pressures and incentives at the metropolitan fringe as if there were no consequences. Collectively these groups must stop merely treating the symptom of the problem by putting out small fires within the wildland-urban interface (WUI). Instead we need to address the root causes of the firestorm itself, by treating western WUI areas like a patient—the Incendiary—through a comprehensive assessment of their backgrounds, histories, underlying drivers, internal governing mechanisms, core characteristics, and connections to externally influential forces. The chapter also outlines strategies that will help initiate a conversation about how to shift from current tactics that grapple with WUI symptoms to more innovative approaches that directly tackle affluence-vulnerability interface processes.
COMMONWEALTH Matters
Authors: Leckrone J. Wesley
Published: May 2017

“COMMONWEALTH Matters” provides an overview of the articles in issue 18:2, as well as information on upcoming issues and access to the journal beginning in 2017.
Semiretículos y objetos k-finitos
Authors: Acuña-Ortega Osvaldo
Published: May 2017

Se prueba que si X es un objeto de un topos elemental entonces las propiedades siguientes son equivalentes: (a) X es K-finito, (b) para todo semiretículo con uniones binarias B, la diagonal B→ BX tiene un adjuntoizquierdo.
El fenómeno del espín semientero, cuaternios, y matrices de Pauli
Authors: González-Díaz Fernando R. , García-Salcedo Ricardo
Published: May 2017

En este trabajo se reproduce el fenómeno del espín semientero de la ejemplificación que hizo Paul A. M. Dirac con un par de tijeras, una cuerda elástica y una silla. Se describen tres ejemplos más en el que aparece el mismo fenómeno y se relaciona la estructura algebraica de los cuaternios con uno de los ejemplos. Se describen los resultados básicos de las estructuras algebraicas de los cuaternios H, y se establece una relación intrínseca con el fenómeno espín semientero y las matrices de Pauli.
ANTI-SWAY TRACKING CONTROL OF OVERHEAD CRANE SYSTEM BASED ON PID AND FUZZY SLIDING MODE CONTROL
Authors: Hai Le Xuan , Nguyen Thai Huu , Khanh Tran Gia , Thanh Nguyen Tien , Duong Bui Trong , Minh Phan Xuan
Published: May 2017

The paper presents a PID – Fuzzy Sliding Mode control (PID-FSMC) algorithm for overhead crane system to guarantee anti-sway trajectory tracking of the nominal plant. The proposed PID-FSMC law guarantees the closed-loop asymptotical stability as well as improveS the transient response of the load sway dynamics when the trolley is moving. The simulation results confirm the propriety of the proposed controller and show great promise of the controller application in practice.
RELEASE BIOATIVE PEPTIDES FROM SOYBEAN BY OPTIMIZATION THE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS BY ALCALASE AND PROTAMEX USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: Nguyen Hoa Quynh , Thi Anh Dao Dong
Published: May 2017

Bioactive peptides have been defined as specific protein fragments that have a positive impact on body functions and conditions and may ultimately influence health. The objective of this paper is to study the enzymatic hydrolysis process of soy protein to produce bioactive peptides. To study the action of Alcalase and Protamex on the proteins of soybean, the influence of the temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time on the soluble protein recovery of the soy proteins was evaluated. The soyprotein was hydrolyzed by two different enzymes. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the hydrolysis capicity. The dried hydrolysate was low to medium molecular weight bioactive peptides. The results of amino acid analysis showed that the composition of amino acid of soy protein and its hydrolysate obtained under the optimized condition was considerably enriched in essential amino acids and ensure the nutrition and safety for human consumption.
Interés por el gobierno y gobierno a través del interés: constitución de la naturaleza infantil
Authors: Marín-Díaz Dora Lilia
Published: May 2017

El  artículo  propone  una  lectura  histórica  de  la  forma como fue creada discursivamente la naturaleza infan-til.  Se señala  que fue a  través de la  invención y uso de nociones como desarrollo, interés, libertad, entre otras, que esa naturaleza infantil emergió y se plantea que tal intervención expresa la articulación de tres formas de practicar y pensar la vida en las sociedades occidentales –discursos liberales, discursos naturalistas y prácticas disciplinarias.  La  articulación  de  esos  tres  elementos aconteció durante lo que se conoce como Modernidad, momento en el que se organizaron formas de gobierno vinculadas a la idea de libertad. Palabras claveAprendizaje,  naturaleza  infantil,  gobierno.
APROXIMACIÓN A LA INCORPORACIÓN DE LA DIMENSIÓN AMBIENTAL EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR, CASO: UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA (UPTC)
Authors: Pedraza Jiménez Yamile
Published: May 2017

Dentro del sistema educativo las instituciones de Educación superior (IES), están llamadas a debatir el qué y para qué enseñar según las necesidades y prioridades del contexto de las que hacen parte; dentro de dichas prioridades está el aportar a aquellas crisis sociales, ambientales que han surgido de la relación del hombre con lo natural. Incluir la dimensión ambiental requiere saber cómo se gestiona, cuáles son las acciones y quiénes se comprometen en procesos de la enseñanza e investigación del saber ambiental que los profesionales requieren para lograr el abordaje y proponer vías de avance a aquellas problemáticas ambientales desde la aplicación de los conocimientos con criterios éticos, posición política y en el diálogo con otros saberes, modos y formas de cultura que afectan o se ven afectados por causas ambientales.
Écfrase na poesia de W. G. Sebald
Authors: Barbosa Maria Aparecida
Published: May 2017

A obra crítica e a ficcional de W. G. Sebald se pautam pela incessante busca da linguagem apropriada para tratar a perseguição dos judeus e a violência do nacional-socialismo. O caso de sua poesia não parece ser diferente. Nesta abordagem da poesia se parte do poema Nach der Natur (Ao natural) com o objetivo de analisar as representações visuais prenhes de evocações ao sofrimento de figuras religiosas. Pergunta-se, em consonância com a cautela linguística do conjunto dessa obra ficcional e crítica, de que maneira a sintaxe entre as personagens/personalidades mencionadas e as imagens intercaladas constituem igualmente a pesquisa do tom adequado para se reportar à história. À procura de respostas para essas questões iniciais, se analisa a écfrase poética presente nesse poema pleno de alusões a obras plásticas que vêm acompanhadas das respectivas descrições. À guisa de ilustração se recorre neste artigo à primeira parte do poema acerca das figuras religiosas compostas por Matthias Grünewald - artista de expressão renascentista/barroca que ficou conhecido pelas abordagens do sofrimento humano. Por sua vez, as reflexões que Sebald empreende sobre a pintura hiperrealista de Jan Peter Tripp e o modo diferenciado como Jean Améry insere fraturas em seus textos sobre tortura com a finalidade de burlar a acedia e estimular a leitura mais consciente iluminam o procedimento poético no longo poema Ao natural. O que mais justifica a analogia é a fratura que emerge da terceira parte do poema, uma écfrase concernente à pintura de Altdorfer.
Os Pintores de W. G. Sebald: a função das belas artes na sua obra em prosa
Authors: Fuchs Anne
Published: May 2017

Há uma literatura crescente acerca do uso da fotografia por Sebald, que aborda uma certa  ambiguidade ontológica que abrange a maior parte das fotos contidas em sua obra. Em Sebald, fotografias tendem a exceder o código simbólico das narrativas; elas frequentemente desestabilizam as relações que se estabelecem entre texto e imagem, vida e morte, trauma e história, lembrança e esquecimento.  Nesse contexto, o presente artigo enfoca o tratamento que Sebald deu às Belas Artes em seus escritos, argumentando que na prosa sebaldiana a distinção entre arte e fotografia é significativa tanto em termos estéticos como epistemológicos, e deve, consequentemente, receber uma análise mais detalhada.  Enquanto a fotografia tende a explorar as relações entre história e trauma por meio do convite à averiguação do seu próprio estatuto representacional, as obras de arte erudita que figuram na prosa de Sebald se oferecem como um porto seguro para a contemplação terapêutica, um contraponto que manifesta momentos de transcendência. O argumento se desenvolve fazendo referência ao importante ensaio de Sebald sobre o pintor Jan Peter Tripp, e as releituras das obras primas que figuram em Schwindel.Gefühle., Die Ausgewanderten, Die Ringe des Saturn e Austerlitz.
W.G. Sebald como leitor de Ernst Herbeck, o mais pobre dos poetas
Authors: Bohunovsky Ruth
Published: May 2017

Este artigo tem como tema a presença do escritor austríaco Ernst Herbeck na obra literária e em ensaios de teor crítico-teórico de W.G. Sebald e se divide em três partes: uma tentativa de compreender a prioridade que escritores austríacos ocupam nos ensaios sobre literatura escritos por Sebald; uma apresentação de Ernst Herbeck, autor ainda desconhecido no Brasil; uma discussão sobre Sebald enquanto leitor de Herbeck. O olhar que Sebald lança sobre Herbeck será definido como único e, ao mesmo tempo, paradigmático no âmbito da obra crítico-literária do escritor alemão.
Localización de una plataforma de cross docking en el contexto de logística focalizada utilizando distancias euclidianas
Authors: Kalenatic Dusko , López Bello Cesar Amilcar , González Rodríguez Leonardo José , Rueda Velasco Feizar Javier
Published: May 2017

El actual contexto de los escenarios globales de defensa ha impulsado el desarrollo de conceptos cómo el de logística focalizada, creado para brindar soporte logístico en ambientes de alta volatilidad e incertidumbre. Dentro de ese marco la logística focalizada requiere de herramientas que permitan agilizar los procesos de toma de decisiones en donde la modelación matemática es útil como herramienta de soporte. En orden a lo anterior, se presenta un modelo que pretende soportar la decisión de localización de una plataforma de cross-docking y asignación de medios de transporte utilizando distancias euclidianas de tal manera que se permita garantizar una distribución ágil desde orígenes de suministro hasta los orígenes de demanda siendo especialmente novedosa la estratégica de solución del mismo.
GICS-GA servicio Grid de clasificación de imágenes LANDSAT que utiliza el sistema clasificador inteligente XCS
Authors: Hoyos Pineda Jorge Gabriel , Pérez Castillo José Nelson
Published: May 2017

El proyecto descrito en este artículo explora la aplicación de la tecnología Grid como apoyo a la formación y la investigación, a través de la promoción de un sistema clasificador de imágenes de satélite a un ambiente Grid, mediante la implementación de un servicio Grid al que tendrá acceso la comunidad de RENATA por medio de un portal Grid desarrollado para tal fin. El desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de comunicación que soportan mayores anchos de banda y el advenimiento de redes de alta velocidad, han dado un gran impulso a la computación Grid, y ha incentivado la conformación de comunidades científicas que ahora pueden compartir sus recursos, aunque estos se encuentren dispersos geográficamente, recursos tales como hardware, software y capacidad de procesamiento y almacenamiento [6]. Una de las áreas que puede sacar provecho de esta nueva infraestructura es la relacionada con el procesamiento de imágenes de satélite, y más concretamente el proceso de clasificación, teniendo en cuenta la gran cantidad de recursos de procesamiento que este exige. En este documento se describen los resultados de investigación del proyecto GICS-GA que consiste en la implementación de un servicio Grid de clasificación de imágenes Landsat que implementa la funcionalidad definida por los estándares del Consorcio Abierto Geoespacial (Open Geospatial Consortium, OGC) y que para las operaciones de entrenamiento y clasificación utiliza el clasificador inteligente XCS, que al igual que la mayoría de los Sistemas Clasificadores Inteligentes hace uso de los algoritmos genéticos como mecanismo evolutivo.
Laboratorio remoto aplicado a la educación a distancia
Authors: Ariza Ladino Carlos Fernando , Amaya Hurtado Darío
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo muestra la arquitectura de un laboratorio remoto aplicado a la educación a distancia, a través de esta herramienta los estudiantes pueden realizar prácticas desde cualquier punto de conexión a Internet. El artículo muestra la arquitectura de un sistema de acceso remoto aplicado en un área como lo es la automatización industrial. Se realizó una aplicación Web que permite la identificación de usuarios, la administración del laboratorio y el acceso remoto de los equipos conectados a un ordenador servidor desde un ordenador de un cliente. El resultado de este trabajo es una herramienta de acceso público que permite utilizar los equipos de un laboratorio de automatización sin restricciones de tiempo ni espacio con el fin de complementar su aprendizaje.
SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SOLID WASTE LANDFILL SITE LOCATION USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND REMOTE SENSING: A CASE STUDY OF BANKET TOWN BOARD, ZIMBABWE
Authors: Jerie Steven
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study was to map the optimal sites that were environmentally suitable for locating a dumpsite in the Zimbabwean town of Banket as well as investigating the suitability of the dumpsite being currently used by the Banket Town Board. Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing constituted the main quantitative techniques used in data collection. Digitizing, buffering and overlaying were used to map suitable sites for locating a dumpsite in Banket. Environmental parameters were extracted from Google Earth by way of digitizing, buffered using Quantum GIS 2.8 and then overlaid using Quantum GIS 2.8 to produce the suitability map. In support of the quantitative techniques, qualitative techniques that included interviews, questionnaires, observations and literature were used to compliment the quantitative methods. Qualitative techniques comprised of knowledge accessed through interviews from the Banket Town Board, Environmental Management Agency and literature from which significant environmental parameters were drawn and their buffer distances as well as environmental effects of the current dumpsite in Banket. Results of the research presented a suitability map which showed the possible suitable sites for establishing a dumpsite in Banket as well as the most considered suitable site in the eastern part of the town. In mapping the suitable sites according to a number of buffered parameters (Central Business District, Railway line, Road, and Rivers) the current dumpsite was found to lie within the parameters designated as unsuitable. It was recommended that Banket should consider closing its current dumpsite for a better location from the possible suitable sites established by the study especially the site on the eastern part of the town which is suitable in terms of all buffered parameters as well as other confounding variables that include economy, accessibility and elevation as well as slope.  
Victim Impact Statements: How Victim Social Class Affects Juror Decision Making
Authors: Schweitzer Kimberly , Nuñez Narina
Published: May 2017

Although the Supreme Court has ruled that victim impact statements (VIS) should be allowed at trial, the concern voiced inPayne v. Tennessee(1991) andFurman v. Georgia(1972) was that VIS might enable jurors to make comparative judgments about the worth of the victim. This study examined the effect VIS and low and middle socioeconomic status (SES) victims have on jurors’ decisions. Mock jurors listened to 1 of 3 audio recordings of the sentencing phase of a capital murder trial (no VIS, low SES VIS, or middle SES VIS) and were asked to sentence the defendant to either life in prison without parole or death. Results indicated VIS themselves did not significantly affect mock jurors’ sentencing decisions. However, mock jurors who heard the middle SES victim VIS were significantly more likely to sentence the defendant to death compared to those who heard the low SES victim VIS. The results suggest that the concerns of the Supreme Court were valid. Mock jurors were impacted by SES information in the VIS and were more punitive toward the defendant when he killed a higher rather than a lower SES person.
Uso potencial y limitantes de la leguminosa Canavalia ensiformis en la salud y productividad de los ovinos
Authors: Hernández Montiel Wilber , Ramos Juárez Jesús , Aranda Ibáñez Emilio Manuel , Hernández Mendo Omar , Munguía Flores Víctor Manuel , Oliva Hernández Jorge
Published: May 2017

El proceso de crecimiento y nalización de corderos machos en estabulación con dietas integrales es una práctica de producción que se usa en la región tropical. Sin embargo, el alto costo de los ingredientes utilizados para elaborar alimentos de tipo comercial limita la rentabilidad de este sistema de producción. Por lo que es importante considerar el uso de ingredientes con disponibilidad regional para elaborar alimentos para ovinos. Entre los diversos in- gredientes se encuentran las semillas de Canavalia ensiformis, cuyo contenido en proteína cruda y energía metabolizable las hace atractiva como ingrediente proteínico; pero este tipo de semillas poseen diversos factores antinutricionales que limitan su incorporación de forma extensiva en los programas de alimentación de ovinos. La presente revisión muestra resultados que se han obtenido en la e ciencia de crecimiento de ovinos alojados en clima cálido húmedo alimentados con dietas que incluyen harina de semillas de canavalia. Se destacan los cambios que ocurren en la población de mi- crobios del rumen y en la degradación de la materia seca y proteína cruda de semilla de canavalia. Adicionalmente, se incluye la necesidad de generar conocimiento sobre la aplicación de procesos físico-químicos y biológicos que permitan utilizar las semillas de canavalia en la alimentación de los ovinos de manera sustentable y sin riesgos para su salud.