bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Americanistas, diplomáticos y líderes de la emigración españoles en el México del Centenario: la «embajada intelectual» como modelo de acción panhispanista (1909-1910)
Authors: Prado Gustavo H.
Published: December 2016

Durante los centenarios de las independencias, importantes intelectuales españoles desplegaron una enérgica acción panhispanista en Hispanoamérica. Se analizará aquí cómo americanistas, diplomáticos y líderes de la emigración españoles se coaligaron en las postrimerías del porfiriato para publicitar este programa, estudiando el viaje de Rafael Altamira a México a través del modelo conceptual de embajada intelectual.
Drawing in Kindergarten
Authors: Wright Gretta
Published: December 2016

Teachers today are faced with the ever-growing challenge of meeting the needs of students in diverse school environments. Students continually come to school lacking the academic skills necessary for school success. As a result, many of these students become disengaged in learning at an early age and are targeted as potential drop-outs before they reach middle school. Through the discussion provided in this chapter, the researcher intends to create a connection between the inclusion of drawing in the kindergarten classroom and success in the development of early reading skills, capitalizing on the idea that through the engagement students experience when drawing, they are becoming active participants in the learning process and are more likely to experience school success in later years.
Collaboration, Teamwork and Service Learning within an After School Community Arts Project
Authors: Bradshaw-Beaumont Hazel L.
Published: December 2016

Students learn better when they can see, touch and visualize. This chapter documents the processes experienced by two groups of elementary students as they participated in a collaborative after school mural project within their school community. The collaborative visual art experience provided the students with a voice to express ideas as they were brought together with their community. Consequently, the students were able to focus while working together on their personal mural with unity and cooperation. Given the vehicle to communicate a message to the community by symbolic and abstract images with deep meaning, evidence indicated that students' confidence besides visual arts was elevated. The project also exposed the participants to teamwork, planning, brainstorming, organizing and collaboration as they worked together on the mural project.
Summer Art
Authors: Tollefson-Hall Karin
Published: December 2016

The Summer Art Program at James Madison University is posed as an example of a well-established and consistent arts enrichment camp. Started in 1978, Summer Art has been welcoming youth to campus to experience in depth study of the visual and performing arts in professional quality facilities. Purposes and goals of youth arts camps in various settings are explored as a basis for providing engaged community arts services. This chapter provides a rich description of all facets of the Summer Art Program from its mission to planning for the final art exhibition. Benefits and challenges to running a community-engaged program along with recommendations for starting or revitalizing an arts enrichment program are also shared.
The Los Angeles County Museum of Art at Charles White Elementary School
Authors: Gerber Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

Since 2007 the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) has presented exhibitions and related programs at Charles White Elementary School's gallery. These exhibitions present artworks from the museum's collection in innovative ways, support contemporary artists in the creation of new work, and allow LACMA to develop and expand its engagement with audiences in the MacArthur Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. This unique and unprecedented partnership with students, teachers, families, and community members supports learning goals and strengthens community. Ultimately, the exhibition program shares the museum's collection, creates new and dynamic works of art, engages with audiences, builds community, and educates—in the broadest possible sense—allowing for deeper and more sustained levels of engagement.
Technology and Created Spaces
Authors: Makemson Justin
Published: December 2016

This chapter examines the educational potential of existing technologies to reframe student interpretations of public art spaces and promote civic engagement, interest, and investment within the vicinity of the interpretive exercise. The chapter specifically explores the theoretical relationship between virtual and local experience and traces the development of four research-in-teaching initiatives, interpretative exercises in which student participants examined local public art sites using digital imaging platforms and place-based technologies. The methods and findings sections of the chapter define the objectives and procedures most central to each interpretive exercise and present research findings in the form of selected student work. The research findings suggest that the digital augmentation of public art spaces reconfigures more traditional educational spaces/methods and compounds the benefits of virtual and local experience.
Dewey, School Violence, and Aesthetic Response
Authors: Maarhuis Patricia Louise , Rud A. G.
Published: December 2016

This chapter focuses on application of Deweyan thought to school shootings and aesthetic responses. Educational and aesthetic theories are used to understand the effects of school violence and inquiry includes analysis of artful works made in response to shootings. Common themes are noted across all 3 sites in various aesthetic responses and the steps toward reconstruction of associated living. Findings suggest engagement in responsive art works may ameliorate the disruption and trauma of school shootings. Within aesthetic response, there is potential for reclamation, restoration, and re-presentation of experience through the doubled reconstruction of communal spaces/places and of relational identity after shooting incidents. Considerations include the use of aesthetic response and associated living practices by activist and educators as a potential means to understand and work against gun violence.
Art Empowering At-Risk and Opportunity Youth
Authors: Gray Denise A.
Published: December 2016

artworxLA is an arts education organization with the mission to combat the epidemic high school dropout crisis. Based in Los Angeles where nearly 16,000 high school students drop out each year, a key strategy in re-engaging at-risk and opportunity youth is through art. Through partnerships with Los Angeles County schools and with the region's key cultural institutions, youth are motivated to learn and stay in school through the use of progressive teaching and learning methodologies that have proven to be effective for this community. The teaching methodology of artworxLA uses a concept-based curriculum with inquiry discussion and other interactive participatory modes of learning. The key principles of experience, engagement, relevance, and authenticity guide teaching artists to leading dynamic learning experiences that empower youth to become more civically engaged and to reclaim their futures.
Arts-Based Community Engagement in Singapore
Authors: Lee Justin , Sim Jui Liang
Published: December 2016

Socially engaged artists have to work within a landscape of state-sponsored grassroots organizations and controlled community development in Singapore. This has created both constraints and opportunities for artists. Arts-based community engagement that focuses on building national identity and inter-racial harmony receives much government support and funding. Community art that helps support therapy, health and social care are also welcomed by the arts administrators, social service providers, hospitals and community organizations. Art that is politicized or calls into question government policies are discouraged, and the socially conscious artists who use art for advocacy or public education often have to negotiate with the state where these boundaries should lie. Nonetheless, a strong supportive ecosystem for socially engaged artists is growing in Singapore, made up of intermediary organizations, capability builders and market aggregators.
Overcoming Obstacles
Authors: Ferreira Emília
Published: December 2016

After several failures in the artistic education in Portugal, throughout the 18th century, the 19th century was still to bring a few setbacks. Social and political upheavals marked the first years of the century, with the invasions of Napoleonic armies and the civil war. In this chapter I will tell the history of the birth of the first public art museum, created in Porto in 1833. The meeting of the future king D. Pedro IV and the artist Baptista Ribeiro was about to make history. Indeed, when Baptista Ribeiro delivered the prince a report on the need to create a public art museum in the city, the prince couldn't be happier. He then invited Baptista Ribeiro to organize it, giving all his support to the creation of the first public art museum in the nation. It would, in fact, take more than a 100 years to match the dream of its first director. But in the meantime, it surely achieved more than he could expect.
The Role of Collaboration to Encourage Civic Engagement through the Arts
Authors: Dippert Tina , Gelles Erna , Merrick Meg
Published: December 2016

Historically governments have used art's universal language to achieve various goals, including political engagement through cultural enrichment. Employing nonprofit/public sector relationships for the arts presents myriad governance challenges, but always with the promise of intrinsic and extrinsic benefits. This chapter presents two cases to illustrate such collaborative relationships. Applying various nonprofit theories, stakeholder discussions and Sherry R. Arnstein's still relevant community engagement work to explore relationships between sectors in arts funding, the first involves the passage of a local tax to provide funding for arts education and arts organizations. The second illustrates an instrumental relationship between a local government and nonprofit to provide art programs to promote tolerance in an increasingly diverse community. Both cases present imperfect policies, but represent the continuation of an ancient practice wherein the arts are being used for more than arts' sake, but to serve a multitude of non-arts instrumental societal functions.
A Foundation's 20-Year Experiment in Art and Civic Engagement
Authors: Phillips Frances Neff
Published: December 2016

In 1994, four family foundations in San Francisco launched a grantmaking program to support Bay Area artists by providing them with project grants for the creation of new work through collaborations with nonprofit organizations. Creative Work Fund grantees may collaborate with any kind of nonprofit organization and many choose to work in community settings. This chapter explores five projects awarded grants between 2008 and 2013. Each focused on a distinctive goal: increasing cohesion among a community of recent immigrants from Africa, exploring a city's recovery from the economic downturn and foreclosure crisis, promoting literacy and reading in a inner city school district, incorporating public art into the development of an historic waterfront, and achieving better health and mental health outcomes for women infected with HIV. Project research is based on grant proposals, reports, media coverage, and interviews with artists and their principle nonprofit partners.
HOWL for UWG
Authors: Samples Clint
Published: December 2016

Howl for UWG, a public art fundraiser inspired by Cow Parade, used the University of West Georgia's wolf mascot to bridge art, academics, and athletics in addition to strengthening relations between the campus and the community. Many universities and colleges across the country have initiated similar projects, but non-artists and non-art areas, such as athletics, often lead these endeavors. The goal of this chapter is to demonstrate that for universities and colleges, art departments on campus can use their direct link to talent, resources, and skills to ensure the success of these popular projects. Howl for UWG serves as an example that art departments can utilize the Cow Parade framework for scholarship fundraising while elevating the artistic aspect of the project to a higher and more meaningful educational experience for all involved.
O Diccionario pueril para uso dos meninos (1784) do pernambucano Luís Álvares Pinto (1719-1789)
Authors: Fontes Susana , Kemmler Rolf , Coelho Sónia
Published: December 2016

O raríssimo opúsculo intitulado Diccionario pueril para uso dos meninos, ou dos que principiaõ o A B C, e a soletrar dicções faz parte do elevado número de manuais metalinguísticos que foram impressos na cidade de Pernambuco pelo impressor Francisco Luís Ameno (1713-1793). Na folha de rosto, o autor identifica-se como ‘Luiz Alvares Pinto, Natural da Villa de S. Antonio do Recife de Pernambuco’. Apesar de uma contestação oitocentista da autoria, parece não restar dúvidas de que se trata do ‘mulato, músico, mestre-de-capela e pedagogo’ pernambucano, conhecido no seu país de origem como Luís Alves Pinto (1719-1789). O Diccionario pueril não é, na verdade, um dicionário propriamente dito, mas, sim, um manual escolar que se dedica nomeadamente a questões de ortoépia e de ortografia, prometendo achegas sobre as ideias de um linguista com ideias normativas que manifesta ter consciência das divergências variacionais na língua portuguesa.
Comparative Study of the Characteristics in Strained AlxInyGa(1-x-y)N/InGaN and AlxInyGa(1-x-y)N/GaN Heterostructures
Authors: Islam Monami , Sara Kamatol Hasnat , Rasedujjaman Md , Munna Mohiuddin
Published: December 2016

The paper emphasized on different characteristics AlInGaN/InGaN and AlInGaN/GaN heterostructures for enhancing the device performance. Effect of changing mole fraction in bandgap, strain, polarization have been investigated. Amount of sheet charge density created on the heterointerfaces of AlInGaN /InGaN and AlInGaN/GaN heterostructures have been calculated. It has been observed that with the increment of Indium mole fraction and the decrement of Aluminium mole fraction, the total polarization increases hence larger 2DEG and sheet charge density is created.
Effect of Different Corroding Media on the Corrosion Rate of Locally Produced Thermo Mechanically Treated (TMT) High Strength Structural Steel Bar
Authors: Jomaddar Md Rokonuzzaman , Bepari Md Mohar Ali
Published: December 2016

The corrosion behavior/rate of TMT steel bars in different corroding media such as rain water, storage atmosphere and concrete ponded in 10% sodium chloride solution has been investigated for a corrosion duration of 40 weeks. The corrosion rate of TMT steel bars corroded in the three media was measured at an interval of 4 weeks. Both macroscopy and microscopy were carried out to reveal different zones such as hardened case, soft core and transition zone in the cross-section and microstructure in these zones respectively of the TMT steel bars in the as received condition and after corrosion of 40 weeks duration. It was found that the corrosion rate of the TMT steel bars in rain water decreases gradually with corrosion duration and reaches a minimum value at 24 weeks of duration after which the corrosion rate increases. The corrosion rate of TMT steel bars in storage atmosphere initially increases and after reaching a maximum value at 16 weeks duration it starts decreasing. The corrosion rate of the TMT steel bars in concrete with 10% NaCl solution decreases very slowly and after reaching minimum value at 32 weeks of duration it starts increasing gradually. It was also found that the corrosion rate of the TMT steel bar in rain water is much higher than that of the TMT bar in storage atmosphere and the corrosion rate of the steel bars in concrete with NaCl solution is the lowest of all the media.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Zn-xMg Solder Alloys
Authors: Galib Roisul Hasan , Sharif Ahmed , Gafur M.A. , Qadir Md Rakibul , Anwar Md Ashif , Antor Md Abdul Aziz
Published: December 2016

Zn based Lead-free solder is considered to be a promising alternatives of tin-lead solder because of its competitive price and mechanical properties. In this research zinc-based lead-free solder alloys were developed by addition of magnesium. Bulk mechanical and thermal properties of Zn-Mg alloys were investigated. The solder alloys were prepared by casting. Chemical composition of these prepared alloys were confirmed by XRF analysis. The microstructures of the solders changed significantly on increasing Mg content. FESEM images showed an increase in eutectic phase. These microstructural changes improved the mechanical properties like tensile strength and hardness of the newly developed alloy. The melting behavior of the solder alloys was studied by DTA analysis. TMA analysis revealed information on the co-efficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of these alloys at high temperature.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles by Using Aloe Vera Leaf Extract to Study the Effects of Synthesis Parameters
Authors: Rahman Asif , Rashid A.K.M. Bazlur , Antor Md Abdul Aziz , Anwar Md Ashif , Galib Roisul Hasan
Published: December 2016

In this research silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing silver nitrate solution using aloe vera leaf extract as reducing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles had been characterized and the effects of different parameters of synthesis had been evaluated. Silver nanoparticles began to form just after reaction and the whole reduction reaction was completed within 3 hours. The color changed from transparent to dark brown of the aqueous salt solution. Later the nanoparticles were separated out from the mixture by ultra-centrifugation. Here the effects of water bath temperature, the effects of heating time at that certain temperature and the effects of changing concentration of silver nitrate on the size of the synthesized nanoparticles was studied. The particle size and morphology of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were identified by SEM analysis. It was found to be 12-200 nm in different parameters (12-25 nm at the best condition) and spherical in shape. It was also found that the size of silver nanoparticles increased with increasing water bath temperature, increasing heating time and increasing silver nitrate concentration. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to confirm that the nanoparticle suspension contains nothing but metallic silver. It was found that 70% of elemental silver nanoparticles were present.
Modeling and Simulation of Tunneling Current Density for Ultra Thin MOS Devices
Authors: Maity Niladri Pratap , Maity Reshmi , Thapa R.K. , Baishya S.
Published: December 2016

In this paper, an analytical model for evaluation of tunneling current density of ultra-thin Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) devices is presented. Results have been obtained for a wide variation of oxide thickness and biasing condition having doping concentration of 1 x 1017 cm-3. The investigation for the tunneling current density is limited to low temperatures, so that any thermal involvement to current flow can be neglected. The self-consistent oxide tunneling model has been used for device simulation, which is simple to implement and assist in the study of deep sub-micron MOS gate current effects, therefore correctly calculate the terminal current. Tunnel resistivity is also evaluated utilizing this tunneling current density model. Theoretical predictions are compared with the results obtained by the 2-D numerical device simulator ATLAS, good agreements between the two are observed.
Characterization of Nanoscale Ultrasonic Transducer Elements as Effective Acoustical Devices
Authors: Maity Reshmi , Maity Niladri Pratap , Thapa R.K. , Baishya S.
Published: December 2016

The generation and detection of ultrasound in air has many applications in the field of ranging, non-destructive evaluation, microscopy and the most impactful in medical imaging. Conventional designs of electrostatic transducers have large electrode spacing of 50-100 μm which reduces the sensitivity of these capacitors. In the last one and a half decade silicon micromachining is used to define capacitors with gap spacing as small as 500Å, making it possible highly efficient capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). In this paper a CMUT element is analytically characterized and FEM simulated. The observations are compared with published experimental results and excellent agreement is found between them.
Tool Life Improvement by Externally Applied Ultrasonic Waves in Cutting Process of Dry Turning Operation of Mild Steel
Authors: Patwari Md Anayet Ullah , Chowdhury Md Shariful Islam , Habib Mohammad Ahsan , Neelav Afzal Hossain , Latif Md Sharfat , Sunny T.M. Moniruzzaman
Published: December 2016

Tool wear is an inevitable impediment in machining processes. It is the gradual failure of cutting tools due to regular use. Tool wear affects productivity, dimensional accuracy thereby indirectly representing a significant portion of the machining costs. In this paper, a novel technique has been proposed and adopted with an aim to reduce tool wear. External ultrasonic sound waves were applied in the turning process of mild steel in an attempt to reduce the cutting tool vibration thereby leading to improvements in tool life. In this unique technique ultrasonic sound has been applied from the both sides of the tool holder in the cutting process as waves to reduce tool vibrations and improvement of chip behavior at a certain optimized frequency. Experiments were carried out at 60 KHz ultrasonic frequency to determine the tool wear to the best degree possible. To investigate the cause of ultrasonic effects on tool wear, cutting tool vibration and chip morphology were also studied. The experimental results showed significant improvements in tool wear, vibration and chip behavior.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Low Carbon Steel: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Rahman S.M. Mahbobur , Karim Kazi Ehsanul , Simanto Md Hasan Shahriar
Published: December 2016

In engineering metallurgy, heat treatment of steels is one of the most important factors as it enhances various physical and mechanical properties which are considered handy in numerous structural applications. Heat treatment is basically the combination of operations involving the heating and cooling of a metal or alloy in solid state for obtaining required microstructures by refining the grain size and a combination of properties. The prime object of this investigation is to illustrate the effect of heat treatment on low carbon steel (AISI 1020) to expose its mechanical (hardness) and microstructural (microstructures) properties. For this purpose, cylindrical shaped AISI 1020 steel specimens were used. The samples were polished using a specimen polishing machine and heated in a heat treatment furnace at approximately 950°C for almost 2 hours and then cooled by different quenching media (Water, Air, Ash). After heat treatment (Hardening, Normalizing, Full Annealing) the Brinell hardness number (B.H.N) was determined using a Universal testing machine (U.T.M) and the microstructures were examined using a metallurgical microscope. It was observed that, due to hardening the resultant structure was a super saturated solid solution of carbon trapped in a body centered tetragonal structure called martencite which increased the hardness number of the steel specimens drastically making an extreme harder steel. Moreover, full annealing provided lower hardness value due to the presence of ferrite structure and normalizing provided moderate hardness value and ductility due to slow cooling.
Analysis of a CNG Driven Three Wheeler Drive Shaft
Authors: Rubel Robiul Islam , Iqball Md Jafor , Hoque Md Emdadul
Published: December 2016

CNG driven three wheeler vehicles is seen to carrying passenger around Bangladesh and vary favorable as public or private hired vehicle. Its drive shaft is a vital component for transmitting power from engine to wheel rotates at around 4000-5000 rpm. Most shafts undergo varying range of loads including bending, torsion and axial simultaneously. Therefore, the shaft fails frequently. But the problem of its replacement is difficult. It is imported from abroad; usually from the origin country of a specific model which makes its interchangeability exorbitant to the owner but also time consuming due to unavailability throughout the country. Substituting high cost unoriginal drive shaft by locally made shaft is an important criterion for lowering the maintenance cost. In this work an attempt has been made to estimate the deflection, stresses under subjected loads using FEA in ANSYS. The static structural analysis gives deflection and stresses. Modal analysis shows the nature of frequency and the maximum permissible rotating speed.
Investigation on the Correlation between Structural and Electrical Properties of Lanthanum Doped Barium Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Billah Masum , Rahman Md Miftaur
Published: December 2016

The structure-property relationship of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7mole% lanthanum (La2O3) doped Barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramics prepared by solid state sintering under different sintering conditions were investigated in this research. The raw materials were La2O3 (grain size=~80nm) and BaTiO3 (grain size=100nm) powders. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) was used to examine grain size and surface morphology of sintered pellets & X-Ray Diffraction analysis was conducted to identify crystal structure. The results showed significantly improved grain size and electrical properties of BaTiO3 for 0.5 mole% La2O3 with desired grain size (0.8-1.3μm), high densification (>90% theoretical density) and stable dielectric constant (12700) at room temperature (f=100Hz) by lowering curie temperature around 30oC by sintering at 1300oC for 8 hrs. A gradual deterioration follows with increased doping concentration. So the research revealed that proper La3+ concentration can inhibit grain size and lower Curie temperature hence significantly improving the electrical properties of BaTiO3 ceramics.
Identifying ecosystem service hotspots for environmental management in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Davids Rashieda , Rouget Mathieu , Boon Richard , Roberts Debra
Published: December 2016

Background: Despite considerable research into the importance of ecosystem services, little has been achieved in translating such research into management action. In an urban context where numerous pressures on ecosystem services exist, the identification and management of priority ecosystem services areas are vital to ensure the ongoing provision of these services.Method: To identify opportunities for securing a sustainable supply of ecosystem services for the city of Durban, this paper identifies ecosystem service priority areas, called hotspots, and assesses their spatial congruence with critical biodiversity areas (CBAs), conservation areas, the Durban Metropolitan Open Space System (D’MOSS) and land ownership categories, using spatial overlap and correlation analyses. Hotspots for 13 ecosystem services were identified and analysed, including carbon storage, nutrient retention, sediment retention, water supply and flood attenuation.Results: The study found generally weak correlations between ecosystem service hotspots and CBAs and conservation areas. On average, 30% of the 13 ecosystem services hotspots were located within terrestrial CBAs, 51% within the D’MOSS, with nominal overlaps of 0.3%, 3.9% and 5.07% within estuaries and freshwater CBAs and conservation areas, respectively. The majority of ecosystem service hotspots were located within communally (41%) or privately owned (27%) lands.Conclusion: The results indicated that substantial portions of hotspot areas lie outside of formally regulated and managed conservation areas and remain vulnerable to human impact and habitat degradation. The study identified management areas and options that could yield maximum benefits; including the need for the development of an ecosystem services management and protection strategy, the selection of areas for co-management of ecosystem service hotspots and CBAs and the need for collaborative management.
The level of beta defensin-2 in saliva and its expression in parotid gland epithelial cells after probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri) induction to inhibit Streptococcus mutans in caries
Authors: Kusumaningsih Tuti , Subijanto M. S. , Indrawati Retno , Devijanti R. Rini
Published: December 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to prove that administrating L. reuteri probiotics can increase the level of BD-2 saliva and BD-2 expression in the epithelial parotid glands of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Experimental design in this study was randomized control group post test only. Twenty-four white male Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats were divided into four groups. The negative control group included rats not induced by S. mutans whereas the positive control group included rats induced by S. mutans. The two treatment groups are as follows: treatment 1 (T1), the group that is induced for 14 days by L. reuteri and 7 days by S. mutans and treatment 2 (T2), the group which is induced simultaneously by S. mutans and L. reuteri for 14 days. L. reuteri culture at a concentration of 108 colony-forming unit/ ml and S. mutans culture at a concentration of 1010 are induced in the oral cavity of the Wistar rats. The Elisa technique is used to examine the salivary level of BD-2, whereas the immunohistochemical technique is used to examine the BD-2 expression in the epithelial salivary glands. Results: The study shows the increasing levels of BD-2 and BD-2 expression in the epithelial parotid glands after the administration of L. reuteri probiotics. Besides, there is a relationship between the increasing expression of BD-2 in the epithelial parotid glands with the decreasing amount of S. mutans. Conclusion: Giving L. reuteri probiotic scan increases the level of saliva of BD-2 and the expression of BD-2 in the parotid glands.
Advancements in all-ceramics for dental restorations and their effect on the wear of opposing dentition
Authors: Rashid Haroon , Sheikh Zeeshan , Misbahuddin Syed , Kazmi Murtaza Raza , Qureshi Sameer , Uddin Muhammad Zuhaib
Published: December 2016

Tooth wear is a process that is usually a result of tooth to tooth and/or tooth and restoration contact. The process of wear essentially becomes accelerated by the introduction of restorations inside the oral cavity, especially in case of opposing ceramic restorations. The newest materials have vastly contributed toward the interest in esthetic dental restorations and have been extensively studied in laboratories. However, despite the recent technological advancements, there has not been a valid in vivo method of evaluation involving clinical wear caused due to ceramics upon restored teeth and natural dentition. The aim of this paper is to review the latest advancements in all-ceramic materials, and their effect on the wear of opposing dentition. The descriptive review has been written after a thorough MEDLINE/PubMed search by the authors. It is imperative that clinicians are aware of recent advancements and that they should always consider the type of ceramic restorative materials used to maintain a stable occlusal relation. The ceramic restorations should be adequately finished and polished after the chair-side adjustment process of occlusal surfaces.
Clinical evaluation of fiber-reinforced composite crowns in pulp-treated primary molars: 12-month results
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Zahra , Parisay Iman , Mehrabkhani Maryam , Madani Azam Sadat , Mazhari Fatemeh
Published: December 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of tooth-colored fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) crowns in pulp-treated second primary mandibular teeth. Materials and Methods: This split-mouth randomized, clinical trial performed on 67 children between 3 and 6 years with two primary mandibular second molars requiring pulp treatment. After pulp therapy, the teeth were randomly assigned to stainless steel crown (SSC) or FRC crown groups. Modified United States Public Health Service criteria were used to evaluate marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, and secondary caries in FRC crowns at intervals of 3, 6, and 12 months. Retention rate and gingival health were also compared between the two groups. The data were analyzed using Friedman, Cochran, and McNemar's tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Intact marginal integrity in FRC crowns at 3, 6, and 12 months were 93.2%, 94.8%, and 94.2%, respectively. Marginal discoloration and secondary caries were not found at any of the FRC crowns. The retention rates of the FRC crowns were 100%, 98.3%, and 89.7% at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively, whereas all the SSCs were found to be present and intact after 12 months (P = 0.016). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in gingival health. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that when esthetics is a concern, in cooperative patients with good oral hygiene, FRC crowns can be considered as a valuable procedure.
Distal extension mandibular removable partial denture with implant support
Authors: Bural Canan , Buzbas Begum , Ozatik Sebnem , Bayraktar Gulsen , Emes Yusuf
Published: December 2016

This case report describes the fabrication of a distal extension removable partial denture (RPD) of a 65-year-old man with implant support. Loss of fibroelasticity of the peripheral tissues and reduced mandibular vestibular sulcular depth due to a previous surgical resection and radiotherapy at the right side were the main clinical factors that created difficulty for denture retention and stability. The fabrication of a mandibular RPD supported by anterior teeth and two bilaterally placed implants in the molar area to convert from Kennedy Class 1 design to Kennedy Class 3 implant-bounded RPD is reported. Retention and stability of the denture were improved with implant support on the distal extension site of the RPD. The common clinical problems about distally extended RPDs are lack of retention and stability due to the movement around the rotational axis. Dental implant placement to the distal edentulous site minimizes the potential dislodgement of the RPD is popular. Implant-supported RPD can be suggested as an advantageous and cost-effective treatment option for the partially edentulous patients.
A Static Condensation Reduced Basis Element Approach for the Reynolds Lubrication Equation
Authors: Bader Eduard , Grepl Martin A. , Müller Siegfried
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we propose a Static Condensation Reduced Basis Element (SCRBE) approach for the Reynolds Lubrication Equation (RLE). The SCRBE method is a computational tool that allows to efficiently analyze parametrized structures which can be decomposed into a large number of similar components. Here, we extend the methodology to allow for a more general domain decomposition, a typical example being a checkerboard-pattern assembled from similar components. To this end, we extend the formulation and associateda posteriorierror bound procedure. Our motivation comes from the analysis of the pressure distribution in plain journal bearings governed by the RLE. However, the SCRBE approach presented is not limited to bearings and the RLE, but directly extends to other component-based systems. We show numerical results for plain bearings to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.
A Robust and Efficient Adaptive Multigrid Solver for the Optimal Control of Phase Field Formulations of Geometric Evolution Laws
Authors: Yang Feng Wei , Venkataraman Chandrasekhar , Styles Vanessa , Madzvamuse Anotida
Published: December 2016

We propose and investigate a novel solution strategy to efficiently and accurately compute approximate solutions to semilinear optimal control problems, focusing on the optimal control of phase field formulations of geometric evolution laws. The optimal control of geometric evolution laws arises in a number of applications in fields including material science, image processing, tumour growth and cell motility. Despite this, many open problems remain in the analysis and approximation of such problems. In the current work we focus on a phase field formulation of the optimal control problem, hence exploiting the well developed mathematical theory for the optimal control of semilinear parabolic partial differential equations. Approximation of the resulting optimal control problemis computationally challenging, requiring massive amounts of computational time and memory storage. The main focus of this work is to propose, derive, implement and test an efficient solution method for such problems. The solver for the discretised partial differential equations is based upon a geometric multigrid method incorporating advanced techniques to deal with the nonlinearities in the problem and utilising adaptive mesh refinement. An in-house two-grid solution strategy for the forward and adjoint problems, that significantly reduces memory requirements and CPU time, is proposed and investigated computationally. Furthermore, parallelisation as well as an adaptive-step gradient update for the control are employed to further improve efficiency. Along with a detailed description of our proposed solution method together with its implementation we present a number of computational results that demonstrate and evaluate our algorithms with respect to accuracy and efficiency. A highlight of the present work is simulation results on the optimal control of phase field formulations of geometric evolution laws in 3-D which would be computationally infeasible without the solution strategies proposed in the present work.
Construction of Symplectic Runge-Kutta Methods for Stochastic Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Wang Peng , Hong Jialin , Xu Dongsheng
Published: December 2016

We study the construction of symplectic Runge-Kutta methods for stochastic Hamiltonian systems (SHS). Three types of systems, SHS with multiplicative noise, special separable Hamiltonians and multiple additive noise, respectively, are considered in this paper. Stochastic Runge-Kutta (SRK) methods for these systems are investigated, and the corresponding conditions for SRK methods to preserve the symplectic property are given. Based on the weak/strong order and symplectic conditions, some effective schemes are derived. In particular, using the algebraic computation, we obtained two classes of high weak order symplectic Runge-Kutta methods for SHS with a single multiplicative noise, and two classes of high strong order symplectic Runge-Kutta methods for SHS with multiple multiplicative and additive noise, respectively. The numerical case studies confirm that the symplectic methods are efficient computational tools for long-term simulations.
A Compact Scheme for Coupled Stochastic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Chen Chuchu , Hong Jialin , Ji Lihai , Kong Linghua
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we propose a compact scheme to numerically study the coupled stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equations. We prove that the compact scheme preserves the discrete stochastic multi-symplectic conservation law, discrete charge conservation law and discrete energy evolution law almost surely. Numerical experiments confirm well the theoretical analysis results. Furthermore, we present a detailed numerical investigation of the optical phenomena based on the compact scheme. By numerical experiments for various amplitudes of noise, we find that the noise accelerates the oscillation of the soliton and leads to the decay of the solution amplitudes with respect to time. In particular, if the noise is relatively strong, the soliton will be totally destroyed. Meanwhile, we observe that the phase shift is sensibly modified by the noise. Moreover, the numerical results present inelastic interaction which is different from the deterministic case.
Fast Simulation of Lipid Vesicle Deformation Using Spherical Harmonic Approximation
Authors: Mikucki Michael , Zhou Yongcheng
Published: December 2016

Lipid vesicles appear ubiquitously in biological systems. Understanding how the mechanical and intermolecular interactions deform vesicle membranes is a fundamental question in biophysics. In this article we develop a fast algorithm to compute the surface configurations of lipid vesicles by introducing surface harmonic functions to approximate themembrane surface. This parameterization allows an analytical computation of the membrane curvature energy and its gradient for the efficient minimization of the curvature energy using a nonlinear conjugate gradient method. Our approach drastically reduces the degrees of freedom for approximating the membrane surfaces compared to the previously developed finite element and finite difference methods. Vesicle deformations with a reduced volume larger than 0.65 can be well approximated by using as small as 49 surface harmonic functions. The method thus has a great potential to reduce the computational expense of tracking multiple vesicles which deform for their interaction with external fields.
Определяемость полуполей непрерывных положительных функций решетками их подалгебр
Authors: Sidorov Vadim Veniaminovich
Published: December 2016

Рассматривается решетка $\mathbb{A}(U(X))$ подалгебр полуполя $U(X)$ непрерывных положительных функций на произвольном топологическом пространстве $X$ и ее подрешетка $\mathbb{A}_1(U(X))$ подалгебр с единицей. Основным результатом работы является доказательство определяемости любого полуполя $U(X)$ как решеткой $\mathbb{A}(U(X))$, так и ее подрешеткой $\mathbb{A}_1(U(X))$.
Библиография: 12 названий.
Свойства сюръективных вещественных квадратичных отображений
Authors: Arutyunov Aram Vladimirovich , Zhukovskiy Sergey Evgenevich
Published: December 2016

Исследованы свойства сюръективных вещественных квадратичных отображений. Получены достаточные условия устойчивости сюръективности при различных возмущениях. Построены примеры сюръективных квадратичных отображений, у которых сюръективность может пропадать при сколь угодно малых возмущениях. Получены достаточные условия существования нетривиальных нулей квадратичных отображений. Для гладкого четного отображения в окрестности нуля получена теорема об обратной функции в терминах степени квадратичного отображения. Построена каноническая форма сюръективных квадратичных отображений, действующих из $\mathbb{R}^3$ в $\mathbb{R}^3$.
Библиография: 27 названий.
Теорема о реализации для логики доказуемости Гeделя-Лeба
Authors: Shamkanov Daniyar Salkarbekovich
Published: December 2016

Предложена новая логика свидетельств, связанная с логикой доказуемости Гeделя-Лeба $\mathsf{GL}$, и доказана теорема о реализации логики $\mathsf{GL}$ в данной логике свидетельств относительно нормальных реализаций.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Factors Associated With Success in an Occupational Rehabilitation Program for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Hardison Mark E. , Roll Shawn C.
Published: December 2016

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a significant burden; however, no consensus has been reached on how to maximize occupational rehabilitation programs for people with these disorders, and the impact of simulating work tasks as a mode of intervention has not been well examined. In this retrospective cohort study, the authors used logistic regression to identify client and program factors predicting success for 95 clients in a general occupational rehabilitation program and 71 clients in a comprehensive occupational rehabilitation program. The final predictive model for general rehabilitation included gender, number of sessions completed, and performance of work simulation activities. Maximum hours per session was the only significant predictor of success in the comprehensive rehabilitation program. This study identifies new factors associated with success in occupational rehabilitation, specifically highlighting the importance of intensity (i.e., session length and number of sessions) of therapy and occupation-based activities for this population.
Predictors of Disability and Quality of Life With an Upper-Extremity Peripheral Nerve Disorder
Authors: Stonner Macyn Miller , Mackinnon S. E. , Kaskutas Vicki
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE. We sought to understand the wide range of problems that patients with upper-extremity peripheral nerve disorders experience and to identify predictors of disability and quality of life (QOL).

METHOD. Data from standardized assessments of disability and QOL, physical examination results, and intake surveys from 627 patients were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. We compared results between groups and built multivariate models measuring disability, work disability, and physical and mental QOL.

RESULTS. The sample demonstrated substantial disability and even greater work disability, which both closely correlated with poorer QOL. Work status was integral in predicting disability. Common predictors across models included problems with sleep and intimate relationships, deficits in work and household performance, and higher pain.

CONCLUSION. To decrease disability and improve QOL, occupational therapy practitioners should help patients with upper-extremity peripheral nerve disorders identify strategies to maintain meaningful work and household roles, intimate relationships, and sleep, while continuing to address pain.
Significant concentrations of nitryl chloride sustained in the morning: investigations of the causes and impacts on ozone production in a polluted region of northern China
Authors: Tham Yee Jun , Wang Zhe , Li Qinyi , Yun Hui , Wang Weihao , Wang Xinfeng , Xue Likun , Lu Keding , Ma Nan , Bohn Birger , Li Xin , Kecorius Simonas , Größ Johannes , Shao Min , Wiedensohler Alfred , Zhang Yuanhang , Wang Tao
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) is a dominant source of chlorine radical in polluted environment, and can significantly affect the atmospheric oxidative chemistry. However, the abundance of ClNO2 and its exact role are not fully understood under different environmental conditions. During the summer of 2014, we deployed a chemical ionization mass spectrometer to measure ClNO2 and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) at a rural site in the polluted North China Plain. Elevated mixing ratios of ClNO2 (> 350 pptv) were observed at most of the nights with low levels of N2O5 (< 200 pptv). The highest ClNO2 mixing ratio of 2070 pptv (1 min average) was observed in a plume from a megacity (Tianjin), and was characterized with a faster N2O5 heterogeneous loss rate and ClNO2 production rate compared to average conditions. The abundant ClNO2 concentration kept increasing even after sunrise, and reached a peak 4 h later. Such highly sustained ClNO2 peaks after sunrise are discrepant from the previously observed typical diurnal pattern. Meteorological and chemical analysis shows that the sustained ClNO2 morning peaks are caused by significant ClNO2 production in the residual layer at night followed by downward mixing after breakup of the nocturnal inversion layer in the morning. We estimated that  ∼  1.7–4.0 ppbv of ClNO2 would exist in the residual layer in order to maintain the observed morning ClNO2 peaks at the surface site. Observation-based box model analysis show that photolysis of ClNO2 produced chlorine radical with a rate up to 1.12 ppbv h−1, accounting for 10–30 % of primary ROx production in the morning hours. The perturbation in total radical production leads to an increase of integrated daytime net ozone production by 3 % (4.3 ppbv) on average, and with a larger increase of 13 % (11 ppbv) in megacity outflow that was characterized with higher ClNO2 and a relatively lower oxygenated hydrocarbon (OVOC) to non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) ratio.