bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing social equity by making explicit the implicit value
systems within content and language learning
Authors: Cross Russell
Published: June 2023

Despite efforts to redress the problem of social inequity within
education, data reveals the student attainment gap continues to widen on the
basis of socioeconomic background, particularly within Anglophone contexts
(OECD, 2019; Wilkinson & Pickett, 2009). Bourdieu’s (1986) concept of ‘cultural
capital’ has been one especially powerful concept for understanding the causes
of such inequity as it relates to social class, and how entrenched patterns of
privilege within institutions, such as schools, value certain forms of cultural
capital – and associated ways of knowing, being, and doing – over others. Much
of the existing CLIL research on social (in)equity has tended to examine either
the impact of programmatic conditions on dis/advantage (e.g., streaming, access;
see also Evniskaya & Llinares, this issue), or the role of language for
enabling more inclusive instructional practices (e.g., differentiation,
scaffolding). Both lines of inquiry have produced valuable insights on how CLIL
can contribute to more equitable outcomes, but this paper aims to offer a third
line, focusing on how greater equity can be achieved through the
conceptualization of culture within CLIL contexts. Informed by Bourdieu’s
concept of ‘cultural capital’ which has helped advance class-based
understandings of inequity, the paper develops a pedagogic framework that
explicitly accounts for culture when there is a simultaneous focus on both
language and content, drawing on examples from instructional practice.
Kinesin-4 optimizes microtubule orientations for responsive tip growth guidance in moss
Authors: de Keijzer Jeroen , van Spoordonk Ruben , van der Meer-Verweij Joanne E. , Janson Marcel , Ketelaar Tijs
Published: June 2023

Tip-growing cells of, amongst others, plants and fungi secrete wall materials in a highly polarized fashion for fast and efficient colonization of the environment. A polarized microtubule cytoskeleton, in which most microtubule ends are directed toward the growing apex, has been implicated in directing growth. Its organizing principles, in particular regarding maintenance of network unipolarity, have remained elusive. We show that a kinesin-4 protein, hitherto best known for a role in cytokinesis, suppresses encounters between antiparallel microtubules. Without this activity, microtubules hyper-aligned along the growth axis and increasingly grew away from the apex. Cells themselves displayed an overly straight growth path and a delayed gravitropic response. This result revealed conflicting systemic needs for a stable growth direction and an ability to change course in response to extracellular cues. Thus, the use of selective inhibition of microtubule growth at antiparallel overlaps constitutes a new organizing principle within a unipolar microtubule array.
Strong anharmonicity-assisted low lattice thermal conductivities and high thermoelectric performance in double-anion Mo2
AB
2 (A = S, Se, Te; B = Cl, Br, I) semiconductors
Authors: Liao 廖 Haijun 海俊 , Huang 黄 Le 乐 , Xie 谢 Xing 兴 , Dong 董 Huafeng 华锋 , Wu 吴 Fugen 福根 , Sun 孙 Zhipeng 志鹏 , Li 李 Jingbo 京波
Published: June 2023

The thermoelectric properties of layered Mo2
AB
2 (A = S, Se, Te; B = Cl, Br, I) materials are systematically investigated by first-principles approach. Soft transverse acoustic modes and direct Mo d–Mo d couplings give rise to strong anharmonicities and low lattice thermal conductivities. The double anions with distinctly different electronegativities of Mo2
AB
2 monolayers can reduce the correlation between electron transport and phonon scattering, and further benefit much to their good thermoelectric properties. Thermoelectric properties of these Mo2
AB
2 monolayers exhibit obvious anisotropies due to the direction-dependent chemical bondings and transport properties. Furthermore, their thermoelectric properties strongly depend on carrier type (n-type or p-type), carrier concentration and temperature. It is found that n-type Mo2
AB
2 monolayers can be excellent thermoelectric materials with high electric conductivity, σ, and figures of merit, ZT. Choosing the types of A and B anions of Mo2
AB
2 is an effective strategy to optimize their thermoelectric performance. These results provide rigorous understanding on thermoelectric properties of double-anions compounds and important guidance for achieving high thermoelectric performance in multi-anion compounds.
Role of excited states in helium-like ions on high-order harmonic generation
Authors: Luo 罗 Jiang-Hua 江华 , Xiao 肖 Jia-Jun 佳俊
Published: June 2023

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of helium (He), lithium cation (Li+), and beryllium dication (Be2+) using the time-dependent Hartree–Fock method to solve the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It is found that the intensity of the HHG increases significantly from a certain harmonic order below the ionization threshold, and the initial position of the enhancement does not depend on the intensity or the wavelength of the driving laser field. Further analysis shows that excited states play an important role on this enhancement, consistent with the excited-state tunneling mechanism [Phys. Rev. Lett.
116 123901 (2016)]. Our results unambiguously show that excited-state tunneling is essential for understanding the enhancement of HHG. Accordingly, a four-step model is herein proposed to illustrate the multiphoton excitation effect in helium-like ions, which enriches the physics of HHG enhancement.
Thin-shell gravastar model in f(Q, T) gravity*
Authors: Pradhan Sneha , Mohanty Debasmita , Sahoo P.K.
Published: June 2023

In the last few decades, gravastars have been proposed as an alternative to black holes. The stability of a gravastar has been examined in many modified theories of gravity along with Einstein's GR. The

gravity, a successfully modified theory of gravity for describing the current accelerated expansion of the universe, has been used in this study to examine gravastar in different aspects. According to Mazur and Mottola [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 9545 (2004); Gravitational condensate stars: An alternative to black holes, I12-011, (2002)], a gravastar has three regions with three different equations of state. In this study, we examined the interior of a gravastar by considering

EoS to describe the dark sector for the interior region. The next region is a thin shell of ultrarelativistic stiff fluid, in which we investigated several physical properties, including proper length, energy, entropy, and surface energy density. Additionally, we examined the surface redshift and speed of sound to check the potential stability of our proposed thin-shell gravastar model. Furthermore, we used the entropy maximization technique to verify the stability of the gravastar model. A gravastar's outer region is a complete vacuum described by exterior Schwarzschild geometry. Finally, we presented a stable gravastar model, which is singularity-free and devoid of any incompleteness in classical black hole theory.
Nucleons as modified Ising models*
Authors: Hu Shu-Man , Luan Yin-Sen , Xu Ji
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we propose a map that connects nucleons bound in nuclei and Ising spins in the Ising model. This proposal is based on the fact that the description of states of nucleons and Ising spins could share the same type of observables. We present a nuclear model corresponding to an explicit modified Ising model and qualitatively confirm the correctness of this map with a simulation on a two-dimensional square lattice. This map can help us understand the profound connections between different physical systems.
Measurement of the (n, 2n) reaction cross-sections of iodine and cesium induced by D-T neutrons with covariance analysis*
Authors: Lan Changlin , Niu Yuxing , Wei Yuting , Lu Fangxiao , Yang Xianlin , Xu Ruirui , Zhang Yue , Ge Yujie , Wang Jiahao , Jiang Gong
Published: June 2023

The cross-sections of the 127I (n, 2n) 126I and 133Cs (n, 2n) 132Cs reactions at neutron energies of 13.83 ± 0.05, 14.33 ± 0.10, and 14.79 ± 0.10 MeV were measured relative to the 93Nb (n, 2n) 92mNb reaction using the activation technique in combination with off-line γ-ray spectrometry. A neutron beam was generated from the T (d, n) 4He reaction using the K-400 neutron generator at the China Academy of Engineering Physics. Considering the correlations between different attributes, detailed uncertainty propagation was performed using covariance analysis, and the cross-sections were reported with their uncertainties and correlation matrix. The uncertainty of the measurement cross-sections ranged from 4.84 to 5.90%, which is lower than previous experimental data. Furthermore, the theoretical excitation functions of the 127I (n, 2n) 126I and 133Cs (n, 2n) 132Cs reactions were calculated using the TALYS-1.95 and EMPIRE-3.2.3 codes. Then, the experimentally determined cross-sections were analyzed by comparing them with literature data available in the EXFOR database and evaluated nuclear data in the ENDF/B-VIII.0, JEFF-3.3, JENDL-5, BROND-3.1, CENDL-3.2, and TENDL-2021 databases. Compared with the values previously reported in the 13.8-14.8 MeV energy region, the precision of the results obtained in this study was greatly improved. The current experimental results with thorough uncertainties and covariance information are critical for verifying the reliability of the theoretical model and improving the quality of the nuclear database.
Characteristics of humate soil from landfill mining in Bantargebang Integrated Solid Waste Treatment Facility, Indonesia
Authors: Prihartanto  , Putri V M , Trihadiningrum Y , Kholiq M A , Bagastyo A Y , Warmadewanthi I D A A
Published: June 2023

Landfill in Bantargebang integrated solid waste treatment facility received 85% of the municipal solid waste of Jakarta Province in 2021. Since it is almost filled, the government operated a landfill mining (LM). This research aimed to characterize and evaluate the humate soil potential from mined material (MM) for agriculture. The weight, volume, and density of MM were measured on randomly selected collection vehicles in the LM location for eight consecutive days on March 2–15, 2022. Composition analysis was conducted by sieving and classifying samples into fine (FF), medium (MF), and coarse fractions (CF) of < 10 mm, 10–30 mm, and > 30 mm, respectively. MM had a weight, volume, and density of 81.43±13,03 tons/day, 147.84±33.31 m3/day, and 0.56±0.06 tons/m3, respectively. FF had soil-like material of 13.96±1.12%, while MF was 18.74±1.10%. Both fractions contained moisture, volatile solids, ash, carbon, nitrogen, and C/N ratio of 56.92–63.47%, 69.17–74.81%, 25.19–30.83%, 52.87– 55.67%, 1.89–2.10%, and 25.17–29.46, respectively. These characteristics met compost quality standards, except for high moisture content, which made it suitable for agriculture after moisture reduction. Meanwhile, plastics and wood-dominated CF were suitable for non-agriculture. A toxicological test is recommended to ensure the humate soil’s safe use.
Chemical of concern for raising awareness to Indonesian textile sustainability
Authors: Suciati F , Aviantara D B , Suherman  , Purnomo A , Krauss M
Published: June 2023

It is well known that textiles and textile products may contain hazardous compounds. Formally, all imported textiles and textile products must be registered through the Indonesian Custom. Ideally, the Indonesian Custom has the capability to detect chemicals of concern in textiles or textile products entering Indonesian territory. However, this is not the case, particularly for chemicals listed in the Stockholm Convention. The difficulties arise from the lack of identification regarding substances listed in the Stockholm Convention that might be present in textiles, textile products, and finished products. The Indonesian Government has initiated programs to assess the presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Indonesian territory. Results of the assessment were elaborated in the National Implementation Plan Document on POPs, which was updated recently. Not all substances listed in the Stockholm Convention can be described in depth. Some POPs such as short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes have not been included in Indonesian regulation, particularly in Indonesian Customs Tariff Book, making it extremely difficult to assess them. Nevertheless, a preliminary assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and SCCPs has been carried out. Using the Tier 1 approach, it was revealed that 2,194 tonnes of SCCPs was imported from India to Indonesia, which was listed under HS code 38249090 that covered CP52 (containing 50–54% chlorinated paraffins). Furthermore, another prominent issue for chemicals of concern (CoC) in textiles was the use of lead-containing dyes, nonylphenols, and nonylphenol ethoxylates. The latter two compounds are known to be used in detergents and surfactants during textile manufacturing processes. At present, nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates are not listed in Indonesian laws for regulated chemicals in textiles and textile products, as well as in the wastewater quality standard for the textile industry. Therefore, to avoid circular economy obstacles of used textiles and textile products and support sustainable Indonesian textiles, a systematic inventory of CoC in textiles is very important.
Torrefaction of plastics and food waste for biofuel production
Authors: Banaget C K , Check G R , Watson I A
Published: June 2023

Torrefaction can be considered a promising method to treat municipal solid waste (MSW) which not only solves the MSW management problem but also produces a solid product that has the potential to be used as fuel. This study aimed to examine the char properties and quantities from torrefaction of MSW (particularly plastic waste categorised as LDPE and PET, and kitchen waste) as well as the effects of process temperature on char products. Approximately 150 g of feedstock was placed inside the reactor for each torrefaction experiment with different temperatures (175, 200, and 225 °C). Torrefaction at 225 °C increased the higher heating values (HHV) of LDPE and PET, from 19.17 to 24.50 MJ/kg, while the HHV of food waste increased from 11.18 to 17.04 MJ/kg. Besides the char product, torrefaction of LDPE and PET at the temperature of 225 °C produced liquid products with HHV up to 34 MJ/kg. The char yield after the torrefaction of plastics (LDPE and PET) and food waste at a temperature of 225 °C were 14.77% and 30.03%, respectively.
The effectiveness of coconut shell charcoal and activated carbon on deodorization of sludge from ice cream industry WWTP
Authors: Ambarsari H , Suryati T , Akhadi D H , Herlina S , Hanifah I , Hendrawati  , Andriyani R , Gafur N A , Suyanti S
Published: June 2023

Coconut shell contains several components of biomass including cellulose, lignin, and pentosan, which can be used in the form of charcoal as a bioabsorbent. Sludge waste is a residue formed as a by-product of wastewater treatment at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). which emits odors that can disturb local residents. This study aimed to deodorize ice cream slurry waste using coconut shell charcoal and activated carbon as the odor adsorbent. The ratio of each adsorbent and ice cream waste was based on the preliminary experiment, namely 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7. The measurement parameters for the sludge were odor value, pH, temperature, and water content which were measured daily. Ammonia and sulfide levels were measured using the titration method, while protein levels were determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Odor reduction in sludge waste mixed with activated carbon as the adsorbent was better than that with coconut shell charcoal; by which the optimum mass ratio was 1:3 with a decrease of 97.13% that was obtained within seven days. The ammonia levels in the sludge waste decreased from 10,276 mg/kg to 308 mg/kg by the use of coconut shell charcoal with a mass ratio of 1:1 and to 252 mg/kg by the use of activated carbon with a mass ratio of 1:1 at the end of the experiment. The sulfide content in the sludge waste decreased from 1.215 mg/L to 0.0483 mg/L in the sample with coconut shell charcoal as an adsorbent with a mass ratio of 1:1 and to 0.0483 mg/L in samples with activated carbon adsorbent ratio of 1:1 at the end of the experiment.
Trihalomethanes formation potential of polluted tropical river water and its correlation with UV-Vis spectral ratio: A case study in Citarum River, Indonesia
Authors: Qadafi M , Rosmalina R T , Rohman O , Wulan D R
Published: June 2023

The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and anthropogenic organic matter (AOM) in polluted river water leads to the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs) during the water chlorination process. This study aimed to determine trihalomethanes (THMs) formation, as the regulated DBPs, in polluted tropical river water. The samples were taken from the Citarum River, Bandung, Indonesia. The NOM and AOM were characterized using UV254, UV355, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectral ratio while DBPs formation was determined using THM4 formation potential. In several sampling points, the THM4 formation potential of the samples exceeded the USEPA regulation standards and had high toxicity (LC50) values. On the other hand, other sampling points had small THM4 formations. Also, the THM4 formation potential was found to have a great correlation with the spectral ratio, especially A280/A350 UV absorbances that could be further used as a surrogate parameter of THM4 formation. Citarum River, as a water source, needs sufficient treatment to remove the DBPs precursors to provide healthy and clean potable water.
The occurrence of microplastics in the surface water of several urban lakes in the Megacity of Jakarta
Authors: Henny C , Suryono T , Rohaningsih D , Yoga GP , Sudarso J , Waluyo A
Published: June 2023

Microplastic pollution in the marine and freshwater environment has been a global concern. The pollution in densely populated urban areas may be more severe than in any other environment, especially in areas lacking plastic waste management. Urban lakes in the Megacity of Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, and neighboring areas, which is the most populated city in the world, have been severely polluted by plastic waste. The urban lakes studied were located downstream of watershed areas of major rivers that outflow into Jakarta Bay, the Java Sea, and finally the ocean. To our knowledge, no studies have been reported on microplastic pollution in urban lakes in the Megacity of Jakarta. This study investigated the first occurrence of microplastics in the surface water of six urban lakes in the Megacity of Jakarta. Grab water samples were collected in either inlet or outlet areas of lakes. The water samples were pretreated and sieved to separate the microplastics. The quantification and the identification of microplastics were made using a Stereo Microscope. The most downstream urban lakes in the densely populated area close to Jakarta Bay, which is the final disposal of plastic wastes from the river canal and runoff from the surrounding area, had more microplastics than the urban lakes in the area with less population and further from the Bay. The most abundant microplastics found in the lake’s surface water was about 30,000 particles/m3, whereas 300 - 500 µm and the foam were the dominant size and type of microplastics discovered. The concern is that the smallest size of particles of microplastics found in the lake’s water could potentially contaminate aquatic biota, especially fish, not only in the lakes but also in Jakarta Bay, where fishing activities are substantial.
Prototype design of urban monitoring on several gaseous pollutants using low-cost electrochemical sensors
Authors: Alhasa K M , Nadzir M S M , Wahyono H D , Yudo S
Published: June 2023

Monitoring atmospheric gaseous pollutants in urban areas is increasingly essential to anticipate poor urban air quality and the increasing number of acute respiratory infections caused by air pollution. Usually, the monitoring of air pollution is conducted by the government and scientists by using accurate and expensive instruments. However, this instrument’s high-cost installation and maintenance limited the number of monitoring stations that can be placed. It makes it hard to identify the pollutant’s local source, especially on an urban scale. Hence, this study designed alternative techniques to monitor several gaseous pollutants using the Low-cost Air Quality System (LAQS). LAQS has enormous potential to be a reference station’s supporting tool and increase the resolution of air pollution monitoring systems. A custom-made low-cost electrochemical sensor was used in this study to detect several gaseous pollutants, including ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), together with temperature and relative humidity measurements. The system was also equipped with a data logger and 4G module for data storage and transmission, respectively. In the first stage, two scenarios were employed, including its examination inside and outside the room before co-location.
An environmental impact assessment of restaurant operation: A case study of RM Restaurant in Garut, Indonesia
Authors: Munfarida I , Arida V
Published: June 2023

Food is one of the basic human needs. The availability of restaurants is very essential to support human life. In addition, the existence of restaurants in Garut Regency, which is one of the favourite tourist destinations in West Java, benefits local residents due to the opportunity for working and increasing the original local government revenue. A sustainable restaurant operation should be achieved regarding the impact of restaurant activities on the environment. The objectives of the study were to assess the impact of RM Restaurant on the environment and develop environmental management and monitoring. This research was a descriptive quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative analysis aimed to analyse land use, surface water quality, water usage, and solid waste generation. The descriptive qualitative analysis was performed to come up with suggestions for environmental management and monitoring. This research was conducted in January-March 2022 during the operation of RM Restaurant, so the impact assessment was based on the observation, existing data, and laboratory data. The results show the environmental impact of RM Restaurant operation including land use change, decrease in surface water quality, and solid waste generation. We recommend environmental management including maintaining green open space, providing the wastewater treatment plant, and solid waste management. Environmental monitoring should be applied by measuring the land use according to Garut Regency Regulation Number 29 of 2011, monitoring the quality of surface water according to Indonesian Government Regulation No 22 of 2021, and monitoring solid waste generation.
Environmental impact study on conversion of multilayer metallized packaging to paving blocks with a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach
Authors: Sinaga R Y H , Mulyono  , Vicarneltor D , Radini F A
Published: June 2023

Plastic waste management in Indonesia is relatively poorly implemented due to the limited number of recyclers. One of the most abundant plastic wastes is multilayer metallized plastic packaging (MLP). This study was conducted to analyze the environmental impacts of MLP and plastic bag waste conversion to paving blocks (PVB) with a life cycle assessment approach and aimed to determine whether such a process brings positive or negative impacts to the surrounding environment. The assessment was performed gate-to-gate on input data, including raw materials, energy, support materials, and output, using openLCA 1.11 software, ecoinvent 3.8 databases, and CML-IA baseline method. Secondary data on waste plastic treatment in a sanitary landfill was inferred from the database for comparative analysis. Environmental impacts arising from the production of 1 PVB (20 × 10 × 6 cm, 700 g) are acidification 0.00913 kg SO2 eq, eutrophication 0.00243 kg PO4 eq, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity 0.8391 kg 1,4-DB eq, global warming (GWP100a) 2.68006 kg CO2 eq, human toxicity 1.2672 kg 1,4-DB eq, and terrestrial toxicity 0.00247 kg 1,4-DB eq. Compared to treatment in a sanitary landfill, conversion of MLP lowered eutrophication and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity to the environment, whilst other impacts are higher due to energy input in the processes. Conversion of MLP to PVB is proposed as an alternative to plastic waste management.
The assessment of sustainable aquaculture model to improve the aquatic environment and productivity in the Indonesian coastal area
Authors: Sachoemar S I , Syaefudin  , Haryanti  , Adhi R P , Aliah R S , Riyadi A , Garno Y S , Susanto J P , Yaniharto D , Sujatmiko W , Sutanti  , Prayogo T , Widodo L , Lusia A , Sabudin  , Mawardi I , Dewa R P , Yanagi T , Morimoto A , Makino M , Wells M L
Published: June 2023

To study and review the Integrated Multi Tropic Aquaculture (IMTA) model of the closed system (CSIMTA) and open system (OSIMTA), experiments were carried out to determine their performance in improving the quality of the aquatic environment and productivity in the northern coastal area of Karawang, West Java and the southern coastal area of Bantaeng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, respectively. The CSIMTA model experiment used four treatment models: Treatment model T-1 contained tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) only, treatment model T-2 contained tiger prawns and saline tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), treatment model T-3 contained tiger prawns, saline tilapia, and seaweed (Gracillaria verrucosa), and treatment model T-4 contained tiger prawns, saline tilapia, seaweed, and green mussels (Perna viridis). Meanwhile, the study of OSIMTA was carried out by measuring the physical and chemical parameters of the aquatic environment. The results of the CSIMTA model show that aquaculture containing tiger prawns, saline tilapia, seaweed, and green mussels of the T-4 was more productive and the quality of the aquatic environment was more stable than the other three treatments (T-1, T-2, and T-3). In the T-4, a bio-recycling system worked well where seaweed utilized the liquid waste resulting from the dissolution of feed residues and excrement from saline tilapia and tiger prawns as a nutrient supply for growth. Then, the organic waste was used by the green mussels as a feed source. The bio-recycling system also worked in the OSIMTA.
Seasonal hydrodynamic pattern and effect of marine sediment distribution in Banten Bay
Authors: Riyadi A , Sachoemar S I , Syaefudin  , Haryanti  , Adhi R P , Garno Y S , Susanto J P , Prayogo T , Widodo L , Lusia A , Sabudin
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to see the pattern of current velocity and direction at the time of high tide, high tide, low tide, and lowest low tide during the west and east monsoons as well as to see an increase in sedimentation. Oceanographic and environmental baseline data used in this study consisted of bathymetry, tides, winds, waves, ocean currents, and sediment. The model used was DHI MIKE 21 Flow Model FM. Based on the calculation of determining the type of tide using the Formzahl formulation 1.54, the tides in the study area were classified as single dominant mixed tides. In the west season, the maximum current velocity was 0.112 m/s with the dominant current direction coming from the northeast to the southwest and approaching the coast. In the east season, the maximum current velocity was 0.112 m/s with the dominant current direction coming from the northeast to the southwest and approaching the coast. The highest concentration of suspended sediment in December was when the seawater conditions were nearing low tide. The highest concentration of suspended sediment was in the eastern part of Pier 3 at 1120 g/m3. The most significant change in bed level in December was at Pier 3 on the east side where the elevation increase was +0.30 m and the elevation decrease was -0.40 m. From the information regarding the location of the abrasion and sedimentation of the jetty development, it is possible to know in advance the anticipation of the dredging plan and the mitigation of coastal abrasion.
The development of an action plan for the Jeneberang River pollution control based on the calculation of the total maximum daily load
Authors: Kurniawan B , Komarudin M , Safrudin
Published: June 2023

Jeneberang Watershed is one of the priority watersheds set by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in the Sulawesi Island region and is the location of various important economic activities that contributes around 2% to the national gross domestic product (GDP). The results of water quality monitoring in 2018 and 2019 show that the average water quality status of the Jeneberang river was moderately polluted. This study aimed to develop an action plan for water pollution control derived from the calculation of the total maximum daily load (TMDL) to meet the river water quality standard. The method used in this study was the application of a numerical model of water quality combined with the spatial approach for calculating the TMDL. The calculation results indicated that the load of existing pollutants entering the Jeneberang river was 4,844.87 kg- BOD/day while the TMDL was 3,552.97 kg-BOD/day, therefore a load reduction of 1291.9 was required. Furthermore, it was necessary to reduce the water pollution load from domestic, industrial, and livestock activities by 871.37, 14.86, 337.28 kg-BOD/day, respectively, and from the combination of agriculture and built-up land by 68.39 kg-BOD/day. The action plan resulting from the development of TMDL is the construction of 122 units of communal sewage treatment plant with a budget of IDR 121.86 billion and 350 units of biodigester with a total budget of IDR 7.35 billion. Meanwhile, 46 inspectors and a budget of IDR10 billion per year are required to supervise industries. Thus, the study revealed that TMDL can be used as the basis for the development of an action plan.
Effect of storage time on in-situ parameters and total nitrogen analysis results of tofu liquid waste samples
Authors: Fitria N , Ainiyah F , Hamidah U , Sintawardani N , Koesmawati T A
Published: June 2023

Field parameter measurement is usually constrained by time management, causing measurement delays and, therefore, different results between field parameters and the actual environmental conditions. Tofu liquid waste contains a low pH (3–5) and suspended, colloidal, and dissolved organics matter at high concentrations; the latter might change rapidly and also cause changes to other parameters. Tofu liquid waste from a tofu factory outlet was used in this study. The field parameters in this study included pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) by storage time variation of 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes. The total nitrogen was analyzed by the Kjeldahl method with a storage time variation of 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. The measurement of pH found no significant difference (sig > 0.05) up to 30 minutes of storage time, while EC and TDS significantly differed within 20 minutes. The total nitrogen was stable up to the second day of storage time at a storage temperature of 4–8 °C without preservatives. In water quality monitoring, the results of water samples analysis should be as close as possible to their values in the environment. This research shows that field parameters’ results can change quickly if the sample handling and analysis time are not by procedures, especially for EC and TDS. In addition, this study also shows that without giving H2SO4, the value of total nitrogen in tofu liquid waste samples decreased significantly after the second day of storage at 4–8 °C.
Mapping the environmental impacts from land subsidence hazard in Pekalongan City and its correlation with the subsurface condition
Authors: Sarah D , Soebowo E , Sudrajat Y , Satriyo N A , Putra M H Z , Wahyudin
Published: June 2023

Land subsidence in Pekalongan city has affected almost the entire municipality for at least ten years. Land subsidence has occurred in almost all Pekalongan city areas at 2-12 cm/year rates. The direct and indirect environmental impacts of land subsidence are enormous. We aim to map the environmental impacts of land subsidence in Pekalongan city and evaluate the severity of the impacts with the subsurface condition of the affected area. We employed site investigation using resistivity and CPTu soundings at representative sites to reveal the subsurface soils and site survey to map the environmental impacts. Resistivity measurements using a Schlumberger array were carried out at 24 sites, along with 12 CPTu measurements up to 30 m deep. Results show that the subsurface condition up to the depth of 30 m consists of alluvial sediment of clay, silt, and organic soils intercalated with lenses of sand. The alluvial sediment in the southern part is dominated by sandy soils and has a higher stiffness with cone resistance of 1-2 MPa and a friction ratio of 50-200 kPa. The subsurface soils in the northern part are dominated by clay, silt, and organic soils with low cone tip resistance of <0.5- 1 MPa, and friction ratio of <0.25-100 kPa. These values indicate that the sandy soils in the southern part are more compact and have higher bearing capacity than the soft, fine-grained soils in the northern area. The visible impacts of land subsidence include flood and inundation, settlement of buildings and roads, and cracks in houses and infrastructure. The severity of impacts worsens from South to North of the city. This condition is related to the subsurface stratification and engineering properties, where lower bearing capacity occurs in the north.
Characterization, risk assessment, and potential utilization of fly ash from PLTSa Merah Putih at Bantargebang, Bekasi, Indonesia
Authors: Robbani M H , Shoiful A , Hendrayanto P A , Dewanti D P , Fani A M , Kristyawan I P A , Pratama R A , Haris K A , Wiharja  , Hanif M
Published: June 2023

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has been adopted in Indonesia to reduce the volume and mass of municipal solid waste. However, as a by-product of waste combustion, fly ash generation cannot be avoided. It can cause an environmental problem if not managed properly. Hence, this study aims to investigate the characteristics of fly ash generated from Indonesia’s first waste-to-energy incineration pilot plant and its potential utilization. Fly ash was characterized using X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), BET surface area measurement, pore size distribution (PSD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The characterization results showed that calcium was predominant, around 28%, followed by titanium, silica, iron, and aluminum, with values of 7.10%, 5.70%, 4.40%, and 4.30%, respectively. These results demonstrated that MSW incineration fly ash was classified as a very active high-calcium fly ash. The surface structure of fly ash was flaky and complex, with some irregular material. The particle size distribution of fly ash shows that the diameters of most particles were nearly 12 μm. The specific surface area of fly ash was 3.06 m2/g, the total-pore volume was 0.01 cm3/g, and the average pore size was 11.82 nm. In addition, the environmental risk assessment was evaluated using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). TCLP concentrations of heavy metals, including arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium hexavalent, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc, were lower than the regulatory level, indicating a low environmental risk. Therefore, it has great potential for utilization as a paving block mixture material.
A web-based numerical model for sustainable management of Lake Batur, Bali: Preliminary results
Authors: Sunaryani A , Santoso A B , Muttaqien F H , Harvianto F , Rustini H A , Kartini N L , Nilawati D , Triwisesa E
Published: June 2023

Lake Batur is one of The National Priority Lakes according to President Regulation Number 60/2021 with the target of restoring water quality through the pollution control program for floating net fishery (FNF), agriculture, and other anthropogenic sources around the watershed. The regulation also states several internal measures designed to restore the lake’s water quality. Unfortunately, detailed information on pollution control priorities, the amount that must be controlled for water quality improvements to be visible, and the effectiveness of internal restoration efforts have yet to be obtained. This can hinder the lake restoration process and, furthermore, its sustainable management. This study aimed to develop a web-based numerical model as an open-source web-service for guiding restoration in Lake Batur. It is accessible via the interactive graphical user interface (GUI) running in a standard web browser and includes tools of varying complexity. The platform provides the user with features to set up some parameters, run and analyze the numerical water quality, and the possibility to set up, run and compare various lake management scenarios. The preliminary results show that the model was able to represent existing daily water quality dynamics. Hopefully, the model can be used as a tool for lake restoration and as a part of sustainable lake management.
The Effect of Geomembrane Plastic Usage on Microplastic and Heavy Metal Contamination in Salt Field
Authors: Nilawati  , Mukimin A , Djayanti S
Published: June 2023

Seawater is used to produce salt. For 10–15 years, geomembrane plastic has been used in salt fields in Indonesia to prevent contamination and increase quality and productivity. However, it is unfortunate that currently, seawater has been polluted by plastic waste, which has degraded gradually into small pieces about <5 mm in size called microplastics. In addition to microplastics, seawater is also polluted by heavy metals. Previous research indicated that the north coast of Central Java has been polluted by heavy metals whose content exceeded the threshold. The aim of this study was to analyze the amount of microplastic (MPs) and heavy metal contamination in salt. A microscope was used to measure the amount of MPs and AAS was used to measure the concentration of heavy metals. Variables that were conducted included sampling location (4 locations) and crystallization process (with and without using geomembrane). The results showed that the amount of MPs salt with a geomembrane was higher than without a geomembrane, at 337 and 326 particles/kg, respectively. The average is 332 particles/kg. Salts that use geomembranes have more contamination than salts without geomembranes. Heavy metal contamination of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, all of which were still within the threshold. The average Pb and Cd concentration in salts with and without geomembranes were 4.11 mg/kg and 4.14 mg/kg; 0.65 and 1.05, respectively. Meanwhile, the average of Hg and As concentrations for both were below than 0.001 and 0.005 mg/kg, respectively.
Inventory analysis of potential electronic waste generation in Setu, Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Parlina I , Salim M A , Robbani M H , Sopiah R N , Wahyono S , Widodo L , Suwedi N , Prasetiyadi  , Sitomurni A I , Adibroto T A , Aviantara D , Suciati F , Warto  , Zulaikha S
Published: June 2023

Electronic waste (E-waste) is currently one of the waste streams with the most significant growth rate due to the incredible technological advancement and greater use of information and telecommunications (IT) technologies. One of the main concerns regarding environmental contamination that people worldwide have is the management of electronic waste. This problem is due to the quickly rising use of technological devices. As a result, electrical and electronic equipment has a finite shelf life and eventually becomes outdated. Lack of knowledge regarding the amount of waste produced and the transit of materials is one of the problems Indonesian governments have while handling e-waste. This study aimed to outline the possibilities of producing electronic waste in Setu, Tangerang Selatan. Online surveys of respondents from households were used as the methodology, but just for appliances like refrigerators, air conditioners, televisions, laptops, and mobile phones. Since this problem becomes one of the most challenging parts of gaining the closest data to the actual waste stream, it is thought that this method is an effective way to gather the vast amounts of data required for the government to establish related policies. Fifty-two residences in Setu District, Tangerang Selatan City, were surveyed using a modified UNEP questionnaire. The study’s findings revealed that in terms of quantity-78 units produced as opposed to 244 units of the products listed-mobile phones are the most frequently produced electronic waste. Meanwhile, the refrigerator accounts for the most significant percentage of e-waste in terms of weight, or 40.93%. The findings of this study help policymakers create a formal e-waste management system by allowing them to calculate the amount of e-waste generated in Setu, Tangerang Selatan. Additionally, the approach used can be a valuable, user-friendly tool to produce the closest actual data that are typically required by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, such as to develop a database that becomes a part of Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional (SIPSN) or National Waste Management Information System.
Green map application for supporting coastal eco-village development related to climate change mitigation-adaptation in Brebes Regency
Authors: Saraswati A A , Ihsan I M , Oktivia R , Anjani R , Aryantie M H , Amru K , Aji I S B , Nelva
Published: June 2023

Dynamic conditions in coastal areas require area management using the eco-village concept to accommodate all human interests while preserving the environment holistically. Brebes Regency, as one of the coastal areas in West Java with critical mangrove conditions, needs to identify all of the potentials in supporting eco-village development presented in the easiest way to be understood by communities. This study aimed to map the potential and recommend strategic management in the coastal area of Brebes Regency. The method used was descriptive qualitative through SWOT analysis and IFAS-EFAS calculations, and the results are presented as a green map. Based on the SWOT analysis results, Brebes Regency has the potential for eco-edutourism, mangrove conservation, micro, small, and medium enterprises development, fisheries, and community involvement. However, various problems were still found in the efforts to develop eco-villages. The results of the IFAS-EFAS calculation are in quadrant I, so the strategy recommendation is optimizing strengths to take advantage of available opportunities. The green map was made in accordance with the analysis results and can be used by the community to see, assess, and connect the potential in their regions. It has an impact on increasing community awareness and helps policymakers in determining policies.
Detecting the sensitivity of water content and deficiency rainfall during positive Indian Ocean Dipole events
Authors: Lestiana H , Utari P A , Saputra O F , Holidi  , Sari Q W
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to detect the water content in peatland and cropland associated with rainfall deficiencies and positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events. The condition of water content is a biological indicator of peatland ecosystems that commonly contributes to hot spots in Sumatra. The water content and rainfall data were processed using the spatial average at two study areas, and the variabilities were analyzed with the Indian Ocean Dipole index (DMI). From 2015 until 2020, this study employed the Dipole Mode Index to evaluate five positive IOD events. The analysis of the water content conditions and deficiency rainfall correlated to positive IOD events. In the peatland, the water content was a sensitive parameter, and even though the value decreased by a small amount, it potentially inflamed. Even if the water content was low in cropland areas, it did not trigger forest fires. The effect of rainfall deficiency was related to land response to water content conditions. Different land types will have different sensitivities. Understanding the correlation between deficiency rainfall with water content can be helpful for an early warning system.
Forensic assessment of landslides induced by environmental changes in Sumedang, Indonesia, an important step for the future disaster prevention
Authors: Prawiradisastra F , Shomim A F , Trisnafiah S , Khaerani P , Tejakusuma I G , Wisyanto  , Zakaria Z
Published: June 2023

Landslide forensics assessment was conducted in Cimanggung, Sumedang with the aim of identifying the causes and processes of landslides to guide the critical step of future disaster prevention. The methodology includes investigations on geology, lithology, hydrology, land cover, land-use changes, and rainfall triggering the landslide. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles were used to investigate detailed spatial geomorphology for determining landslide development. The forensic assessment of the landslide that occurred in Cimanggung, Sumedang, on January 9, 2021, revealed the role of environmental changes. The conversion of open land to residential areas affects the water balance. The surface burden to the site on the hilltop by houses and toe-side cutting at the bottom of the slope has occurred. Changes in land conditions and hydrology, along with lithology thickness and variations, are essential aspects of the landslide incident. During the high rainfall rate, there is more water runoff, and the flow could be concentrated in a paleo channel formed by thicker unconsolidated sediments. The combination of these aspects destabilized the slope causing it to slide. Water management, particularly drainage improvement, should be established to prevent excessive runoff and centralized infiltration. Detailed hazard zonation, site delineation, and rainwater storage could be developed to avoid future landslides.
Water level and soil moisture monitoring for peatland fire risk indicator
Authors: Kartiwa B , Adi S H , Sosiawan H , Heryani N , Rejekiningrum P , Dariah A , Maswar  , Suratman  , Lenin I , Widiyono W
Published: June 2023

Peatland forest conversion into cultivated land often creates environmental issues in the form of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the decomposition of organic matter that eventually increase the risk of peat forest fires. This paper presents the results of a study of the peatland water table dynamics based on certain peatland characteristics (depth and maturity) and water management techniques (canal blocking), as well as an analysis of water level and soil moisture data for the peatland fire early warning model. This study was conducted in April-December 2018 at a palm oil plantation in Pangkalan Pisang Village, Riau Province. Peatland water table observations were carried out using a water level logger at each of the midpoints of three oil palm blocks measuring 30 ha each. Meanwhile, soil moisture contents were observed using a logger with two humidity sensors at two depths. The recorded observation data showed that the water table level was very dynamic and fluctuating, both temporally and spatially. The temporal observation data indicates that the water table levels after the rain had stopped in the three observed blocks decreased at the rates of 10.3, 10.6, and 13.6 mm/day, respectively. This research shows a significant correlation between soil moisture dry weight percent and the risk level of peatland fires. Soil moisture content was less than 100% dry weight and highly flammable.