bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Building Information Modeling toward Social Sustainability
Authors: Rahim N S A , Zakaria S A S , Romeli N , Ishak N , Losavanh S
Published: November 2021

Building Information Modeling (BIM) emerges as one of the megatrends that will modernize the Malaysian construction industry due to its vital role in collaboration, coordination and communication in real-time among construction industry stakeholders. In 2019, the government of Malaysia has mandated the use of BIM technology for public projects worths more than 100 million. However, less than half of the construction projects in Malaysia is currently using the BIM system. In order to encourage the implementation of BIM, there is an important need to educate the construction industry players with realistic information on BIM technology. Based on previous literature, disruption of BIM toward the traditional practice of construction activities can be managed through exposure and incremental of BIM knowledge. Therefore, this study explores the current awareness of construction industry players on the application of BIM toward sustainability aspects, particularly on social sustainability. A set of questionnaire survey is used to gather the required data and a total of 133 contractors have responded to the survey. The data were analyzed using the frequency distribution to indicate the highlighted application of BIM foresees by contractors that contribute to social sustainability. The finding indicates that the level of awareness is influenced by their knowledge on BIM. Therefore, providing a better understanding and wider exposure on BIM could improve the implementation of BIM in the construction projects, which align with the government agenda.
Application Of Hybrid Fibre Concrete As Advanced Material For Concrete Water Tank Construction
Authors: Azizan M A , Noriman N Z , Ishak N , Desa H
Published: November 2021

The challenge of construction and the complexity of civil engineering systems, especially in the construction of water tanks, are catching people’s attention around the world. Concrete, which is a priority feature and a mandatory used material, must have a very high strength and an acceptable degree of workability and properties. Efforts are being made in the field of concrete production to create and expand these mixtures of unusual characteristics and behaviors. The used of the hybrid fibre concrete in the concrete wall can reduce the costing factor in terms of constructions and maintenances beside that the quality assurance is highlighted. In addition, the sustainability in the water tank construction in Malaysia can be achieved using the advanced material in the construction.
Performance of Beting Bamboo (Gigantochloa Levis) as Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Tahara R M K , Hasnan M H , Azizan N Z N
Published: November 2021

Conventional construction materials are considered as exploitation to natural resources. Thus, numerous alternative materials using natural or waste materials are proposed for concrete production as a response for greener, renewable and biodegradable environments with regard to sustainability. Natural fibre such as bamboo has been rapidly proposed for many applications especially for concrete production in construction. In order to tackle the environmental issues and focusing on sustainability, natural fibre of Beting bamboo is proposed for partial replacement used as supplementary cementitious materials. Current study investigates the partial replacement of coarse aggregate with Beting bamboo in concrete mixtures. The outcome of the study discovers that through the mix design, replacing 5% by weight of Beting bamboo is an ideal % to achieve concrete mixture for structural and nonstructural application. However, with the increase % of Beting bamboo for partial replacement, the strength of the concrete gradually decreased.
SWAT Application for Gajahwong River Streamflow Simulation
Authors: Wardhana P N , Izzah S
Published: November 2021

Gadjahwong River flows along Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) that is located in southern Java Island. Gadjahwong River has an important role for water supply purpose especially for agriculture activities. On the other hand, DIY is seeing 1.18% population growth each year. The population surge influences land cover change that can seize continuous discharge of Gadjahwong River. Therefore, continuous discharge simulation needs to be conducted for assessing Gadjahwong River water availability. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed for modelling Gadjahwong River streamflow discharge. The simulation result discharge was compared with observed data acquired at AWLR Wonokromo by using NSE and R2 statistical parameter. Finally, the statistical parameter was applied to justify quality of simulation. Findings showed that daily time step yielded NSE value of 0.61, R2 value of 0.79, and PBIAS value of -2.41%. Overall, the simulation showed good result based the statistical parameters.
Impact of 2016 intense drought to small tropical reservoir: An early onset and late recovery experience in Timah Tasoh, Malaysia
Authors: Razak N H , Mahmud M R
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the hydrological drought impact during the extreme 2016 El-Nino to small tropical reservoir of Timah Tasoh, in Perlis, Malaysia. Small tropical reservoirs are important freshwater supplier due to its economic & strategic factors including (i) closer distance to inhabitants and agriculture footprints, (ii) easy access to the resource, and (iii) cheaper cost of water pipelines system. In theory, small tropical lakes or reservoirs are facing higher risk to drought compared to the bigger ones. However, detail information and evidence are required for site specific drought adaptation in the future especially the onset and offset of the drought at specific hydrometeorological and dam scale. Prior to that, a case study was conducted in one of the small-sized and shallow reservoirs of Timah Tasoh, Perlis to analyze the impact. The larger Pedu reservoir was selected as control site. Both reservoirs were having identical hydro-climatic characteristics (seasonality of rainfall). The observation on the rainfall and reservoir level data indicated that the small sized reservoir (Timah Tasoh) tends to dry about 2 months faster (reached dam critical level) and recover 1 month late compared to the normal dry season. In comparison with the Pedu reservoir, the drought onset and offset in Timah Tasoh was earlier and late respectively although the rainfall pattern is typical. The total impacted drying days for Timah Tasoh is 197 days compared to 78 days of Pedu (about 3 months longer). The findings indicate that the 2016 extreme drought impacted the Timah Tasoh small reservoir where they would suffer longer dry season and experienced slower recovery compared to the bigger Pedu reservoir. The outcome of this investigation signifies that the early drought onset monitoring should be implemented for the small sized reservoirs to take appropriate mitigation and preventive measures in adapting to the intense drought.
Optimization of Anthraquinone Dye Wastewater Treatment using Ozone in the Presence of Persulfate Ion in a Semi-batch Reactor
Authors: Hussin N A M , Abidin C Z A , Fahmi  , Ibrahim A H , Ahmad R , Singa P K
Published: November 2021

The degradation of anthraquinone dye Reactive Blue 19 by using O3 and O3 / S2O8
2- in the advanced oxidation processes is studied to investigate the performance of these two systems. The response surface method with a Box-behnken Design was successfully applied to identify the relationship between operating variables such as initial concentration, S2O8
2- dosage and contact time in order to determine the optimum operating condition. The quadratic model for the percentage COD removal (response) proved to be significant for the degradation of the dye. The COD removal efficiency under Box-behnken Design and experimental test were found to be 96.2% and 83.9% under the optimum conditions. Furthermore, the result obtained showed that the O3 / S2O8
2- system is more effective than the O3 only in treating the Reactive Blue 19.
Effectiveness of Mushroom (Pleurotus Pulmonarius) Waste as Natural Coagulant for Kaolin Synthetic Water via Coagulation-Flocculation Process
Authors: Zainol N A , Goh H T , Syed Zainal S F F
Published: November 2021

Coagulation-flocculation process is a widely used method in water treatment. In this study, mushroom waste was selected as natural coagulant to treat kaolin synthetic water via coagulation-flocculation process. Rotten mushroom and mushroom spent were evaluated separately. Functional group of mushroom wastes were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Optimum dosage and pH of mushroom wastes and aluminium sulphate in kaolin synthetic water treatment were examined through jar testing. A comparative study on the effectiveness of mushroom wastes and aluminium sulphate in kaolin synthetic water treatment was evaluated in terms of turbidity removal percentage and sludge volume index. Results obtained from jar testing show rotten mushroom and mushroom spent achieved turbidity removal efficiency of 99.73% and 99.25% respectively at optimal pH of 4 and optimal dosage of 5 mg/L whereas 99.91% of turbidity was eliminated by alum under optimum condition of pH 9 and dosage 25 mg/L. Under optimized condition, sludge volume index value obtained by rotten mushroom, mushroom spent and alum were 37.38 mL/g, 40.34 mL/g and 51.58 mL/g respectively. Overall, the finding indicated that mushroom waste could be a potential alternative to chemical coagulant since they are environmentally friendly, effective in turbidity removal, producing less sludge and pH independent.
Equilibrium kinetic and isotherm studies of dye colour adsorption on the banana peel
Authors: Bakar A A A , Mazlan W N R W , Izaham I H , Azizan N S , Ali K A M , Daud N M
Published: November 2021

Textile, paper, rubber, plastics, leather, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food industries extensively employ dyes. This study aims to determine the best equilibrium kinetic and isotherm model of dye colour adsorption using waste adsorbent. Methylene blue (MB) is a dye colour contaminant that can be removed from wastewater via adsorption due to its ease of usage and cost-effectiveness. This study employed banana peels (BPs), a low-cost and waste adsorbent, to remove MB from synthetic wastewater. A series of batch equilibrium adsorption studies investigated the effect of different dosages of 0.05 to 0.4 grams, contact time of 15 to 150 minutes, and agitation speed of 150 rpm. BPs dosage is added from 0.05 g to 0.4 g in 100 ml of Methylene Blue solution. The concentration of MB in the samples was determined using a HACH DR2800 Spectrometer. According to the kinetic study analysis, the adsorption of MB followed a pseudo-second order kinetic with an R2 of 0.9934. Furthermore, the Freundlich model fit better than others based on the equilibrium isotherm investigation, with an R2 of 0.7688. As a result, BPs can be used as an alternative waste adsorbent media for extracting dye colours from industrial effluent.
Effect of roof size on the rainwater harvesting tank sizes and performances using Tangki NAHRIM 2.0
Authors: Daud N M , Mahiran N N , Ruslan A K , Hamzah N , Bakar A A A , Badrealam S , Manan E A , Hamzah A F
Published: November 2021

Global warming and increasing population have direct impacts on water demand all over the world. Usage of potable water in Malaysia is high if compared with other countries and the source of potable water is mainly surface water. Rainwater harvesting is one of the popular alternatives to water resources around the world. However, even Malaysia is a country with an abundance of rainfall, rainwater harvesting is still unpopular. Different size of houses has different roof sizes which will subsequently require different sizes of rainwater tanks. This study utilized Tangki NAHRIM 2.0 (TN2); a web application to determine the optimal tank size for a rainwater harvesting system for five different roof sizes for non-potable demand. TN2 simulation uses a daily water balance model with rainfall input from a built-in database by adopting the yield-after-spillage (YAS) convention. The optimum rainwater tank sizes for five different roof sizes are found to be between 2.6 m3 and 3.8 m3 with water-saving efficiency values between 59% to 76.2% and 30.9% to 53.9% for storage efficiency. A bigger tank size offers higher watersaving efficiency but with lower storage efficiency. The output will be useful for the application of RWHS to residential houses.
Study on the different type of hydrological input towards the accuracy of catchment discharge hydrograph
Authors: Safrudin N A , Wahab M A , Makhtar S M Z , Seman N A , Kamarudzaman A N , Jaafar A S , Azlinda A G
Published: November 2021

For hydrological applications, several rainfall measurement techniques are available, each with its own spatial and temporal resolution and errors. When these rainfall datasets are used as input for hydrological models, errors and uncertainties are propagated throughout the hydrological system. This research paper is using rainfall data from two different measurement tools namely rain gauge and radar. Using these two types of measurement tools, it is expected dissimilar output due to the different working principle. Arau catchment in Perlis were selected as the study area. The rainfall data used is in the unit of intensity with time interval 10 minutes for both instruments. Storm Water Management Model 5 (SWMM5) were used as model to simulate the discharge of catchment area. Sensitivity analysis is carried out in this study to determine the major parameters that influence to shape of hydrograph and peak flow. Then, calibration process using five (5) storm events have been performed using available information such as conduits lengths, shape of conduits, impervious and pervious surface using trial and error process. Good correlation between observed and simulated hydrograph on 18 September 2006 has been found to be the best Correlation coefficient (r) and Root mean square error (RMSE) equal to 0.92 and 0.14 respectively. The same parameter used for that storm event was chosen to be applied in validation event. Validation results also in the acceptable range with r is found more than 50% correlation. Next, using the rainfall data captured by radar that converted using equation Z=40R1.6 developed by researcher [1] for the similar date of storm event and similar catchment conditions, all the hydrograph shape shows significant drop. As a conclusion, different type of measurement tools for rainfall gives significant different to the catchment discharge and can be seen that rain gauge are better to use to simulate rainfall compared to the radar.
Study of The Effect of Hot Water Extract of Some Plants on The Alfalfa Weevil Hypera Postica (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Al Hamadani Alaa Hussein Abed , Al-Fatlawi Meeri Kadhim Mubasher , Ibrahim Mohamd Khalel
Published: November 2021

The research was conducted in the laboratory of insects in the Faculty of Agriculture/the University of Muthanna about studying the effect of Hot water extract of the pomegranate peels, eucalyptus leaves and basil leaves in different stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult) for Alfalfa Weevil Hypera postica. The results showed that the pomegranate peel extract superiority the percentage of mortality in all the stages used in the experiment over the other plant extracts mentioned above, followed by eucalyptus leaf extract and then basil leaf extract, The results showed that the pomegranate peel extract was effective in controlling the larval stage of the insect, especially st and 2nd larvae instars in addition to the adult stage, the highest percentage of mortality in the larval stage of the insect at the first larval age was (60.0, 46.6 and 26.7%) For all extracts respectively at 1.5 mg/ml after 5 days of treatment. In the pupae stage the highest percentage of mortality was (16.7, 10.0 and 03.3%) at the concentration of 1.5 mg/ml For all extracts respectively. while the effectiveness was very weak in controlling of the eggs and pupa of insect and all extracts. where the highest percentage of mortality in the eggs was at 1.5 mg/ml. It was (20.0, 10.0 and 03.3%) respectively after 7 days of treatment. While The highest mortality rate in adult was (53.3, 40.0 and 16.7%) At 1.5mg/ml for all extracts respectively compared with control treatment (00.0%) for all the insect stages. The plant extracts used in the experiment at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml did not show any effect on the rates of insect death after a day of treatment and for all stages that reaching (00.0%).
Effect of Nano Fertilizers and Its Applying Methods on Growth Parameters of Senna (Cassia Angustifolia) Seedling Plant
Authors: Kahlel Abdel-Monnem Sadalaha , Abdulla Ali Ahmed , Saadalla Hamza Atheer , Hamed Mohammad Hashem
Published: November 2021

The experiment was carried out at Plant Production Department, Agricultural Technical College, Mosul, Iraq at spring 2020 to investigate the effect of two Nano fertilizers kind (K 27%and Complex fertilizer Cu 1%, S 13%, Zn 11.5 %, Mn 6.5%, Fe7.5%, and Citric Acid 3.5 %.)and control (zero fertilizer). With three applying methods(spraying, soil addition, spraying + soil addition) on Senna seedlings. The treatments were layout in factorial experiment in RCBD Design with three replicates. The results showed that adding nano fertilizers by Spraying+ Soil Addition increase significantly plant length, number of leaves per plant, Stem diameter, Chlorophyll content (SPAD), fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth and roots. Also applying Complex Nano fertilizer increase significantly all the parameters(plant length, number of leaves per plant, Stem diameter, Chlorophyll content (SPAD), fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth and roots. compared with control and the increasing percentage were(62.12, 28.22,123.37, 19.19, 197.95, 154.48, 261.64, 114.26%)for the parameters respectively. The interaction treatments between nano fertilizers an applying methods show a significant effect for all the parameters.
Effect of Spraying With Benzyl Adenine and Licorice Root Extract on Some Vegetative Growth Characteristics and Chemical Content of Strawberry (Fragaria Ananassa Duch) CV. Rubygem
Authors: Hussein Suzan Ali , Al-Doori Mahmood Fadhil
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted inside the plastic house of the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station of the Agriculture College - University of Kirkuk/Iraq, during the growing season 2020/2021. To study the effect of spraying the growth regulator of benzyl adenine in three concentrations (0, 30, 60) mg.L−1 and licorice root extract in three concentrations (0, 3000, 6000) mg.L−1 on some growth characteristics and chemical content of strawberry plants of Rubygem type. The obtained results were summarized that spraying with a concentration of 60 mg.L−1 of the growth regulator benzyl adenine BA led to a significant superiority in most growth characteristics and chemical content of strawberry plants (leaf area, leaves number, leaves area, dry matter in plant, leaf content of chlorophyll and nitrogen total) where reached (95.81 cm2, 15.78 leaf. plant−1, 1513.93 cm2, 38.68 %, 28.66 %, 3.24 %) respectively. While spraying with concentrations (30 and 60 mg.L−1)of benzyl adenine was significantly superior to the control treatment in the phosphorous and carbohydrates content of leaves. Spraying with a concentration of 6000 mg.L−1 of licorice extract significantly increased in most of the study traits (dry matter in plant, leaf content of chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorous and carbohydrates total) where reached (39.06 %, 25.69 mg.g−1, 3.09 %, 0.334 %, 3.38 %) respectively. Spraying with a concentration of 3000 mg.L−1 of licorice was significantly superior in the characteristics of leaf area and Leaves area, which reached (85.08, 1303.18) cm2 respectively.
The Effect of Foliar Spraying With Some Growth Stimulants on Improving Vegetative Growth and Mineral Content of Seedlings of Navel Orange and Blood Orange
Authors: Al Ahbaby Adib Jassem Abbas , Al-Ani Tahseen Khalifa Gharib
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out in lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University, during the season 2020-2021, as a factorial experiment by spraying with three levels of the growth regulator Brassinolide (BL) which are 0.00, 0.015, 0.025 Mg.L−1 and spraying with nutrient solution PRO-SOL (M) at three concentrations of.000, 200,400. Mg.L−1 to determine the effect of the growth regulator Brassinolide and the nutrient solution PRO-SOL in increasing the chemical content of some nutrients for the two types of navel orange V1 and blood orange V2. The results showed that blood orange V2 was significantly superior to the cultivar Navel V1 in the leaf area amounted to 2991 cm2, the percentage of dry matter in the leaves was 35.39% and the percentage of mineral elements in the leaves was %N, 1.619 %K, 1.37%P, 0.204,. And the best concentration Of Brassinolide 0.025 Mg.L−1 with a concentration of PRO-SOL400 Mg.L−1 has increased the dry matter percentage, leaf area and chemical content of elements for the navel orange variety V1, and the concentration of Brassinolide 0.015 Mg.L−1 with a concentration of PRO-SOL 400 mg.L-1 has increased the dry matter percentage, leaf area and chemical content of elements for blood orange variety V2.
Effect of Foliar Application For Proline, Zinc Sulphate on Growth and Yield of Okra Plant (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.)
Authors: Mhaibes Naser Habeeb
Published: November 2021

The field experiment was carried out at the Researches Station and Agricultural Experiments/College of Agriculture/Al-Muthanna University during the summer agricultural season 2020 on Okra plant. To study foliar spraying application of Proline from three levels (0, 40 and 80) mg.L−1 and gave P0, P1 and P2 respectively, Zinc sulphate (0, 20 and 40) mg.L−1 and given these Zn0, Zn1 and Zn2. Using the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) and each treatment was treated in three replicates. Means were compared using L.S.D at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the experiment showed The treatment of P2 spraying with proline concentration (80 mg.L−1) was superior in the percentage of Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves, Number of branches, Leaves area and Plant yield (g) (3.09%, 0.44%, and 2.88%, 9.04 branch plant−1, 0.723m2, 303.39 g.plant−1) respectively. The results also showed that Zn2 treatment was elevated (40 mg.L−1) on all measured indicators (3.29%, 0.37%, 2.83%, 8.76 branch plant−1, 0.763 m2, 334.35 g.plant−1). the outperformed was in the significant effect of interaction treatment proline and zinc sulphate P2Zn2 on all measured indicators.
The Role of Healing Gardens in The Landscape Sustainability For Public Gardens
Authors: Alkaisi Omar F. , Ibrahim Suzan A.H. , Khaleefa Hmood G.
Published: November 2021

There were emergences trends towards achieving sustainability in landscape. But the study of the role of healing gardens in the landscape sustainability for the public gardens had not been studied previously in recent literatures. The research hypothesis is that healing gardens have a role in the landscape sustainability for public gardens. The research depends on a descriptive analytical study for public garden samples, which applied the design principles and elements of healing gardens (accessibility, Sense of control, Flexibility, etc). These gardens also relied in their designs on the basic principles of sustainability. The results showed that healing gardens effectively contribute achieving landscape sustainability for public garden through the use of natural materials, the cultivation of local plants, consistent with the local climate, and enhancing social interaction and sensory interaction with the landscape.
Effect of Nano NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Early Yield of Eggplant
Authors: Kazem Atarid Talib , Issa Falah Hasan , Abdulla Abd-Almuhsen
Published: November 2021

Field-based experiment was conducted during 2020 – 202’ in green house to evaluate the response of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)in Al-Rifai District-DhiQar Governorate. The experiment included two factors: First one was NPK (3.6.15) nano fertilizer from Agrisenses company (N1=Zero and N2= 1.25) ml. L−1 after 30,60 and 90 days of planting, the second factor was fertilizer recommendation treatments (T1=Zero, T2= 50% and T3=100% fertilizer recommendation). The experiment was carried out using the randomized complete block design (RCBD)with three replications, The averages of all study indicators ware compared according to L.S.D test at a probability level of 0.05. The results showed the following : N2 was significant and superior compare to other treatments in plant height (65.11cm), No..leaves (82.8 leaf)leaves area (133.84dcm2), No. branches (8.11 branch)and early yield (1180g), as well as T3treatment was significant and superior compare to other treatments in plant height (75.67cm), No. leaves (92.7 leaf). Results also indicated that the interaction of N2T2 had significant increase in number of branches and early yield reached (10.33branches, 1235g) respectively.
Response of Two variety of Snake Cucumber to Spray with Atonics Biostimulator in Some Chemical Parameters
Authors: Al-Rikabi Ghufran Zaid Khalaf , Al-Zubaidy Batool Hanoon Falih
Published: November 2021

The experiment was carried out in unheated greenhouses in the station of the College of Agriculture and Marshes/Dhi Qar University during the fall season 2020-2021, to study the effect of atonic biostimulant in chemical parameters growth and yield of snak cucumber (Cucumis melo. Var flexuosus naud) under protected cultivation,. The experiment included two factors: First one two cultivars of cucumber (Al-Baghdadi and Al-Halawi), second factor was atonic biostimulant (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 ml L−1) A Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) were used with three replicates and means were compared according to Least Significant Difference Test (L.S.D.)test at probability of 0.05. Determining the stages of plant growth in which the foliar spraying process was carried out and the number of sprays. Results were summarized as follows: Al-Baghdadi cultivar was significantly superior in (content of total soluble carbohydrates in fruits, vitamin (C) and total chlorophyll content of fruits), reached (6.181, 101.8 and 9,744) mg 100 g−1 respectively Compare with Al-Halawi cultivar which recorded the highest rate of protein in fruits(4.115 %.), The addition of atonic spray treatment at a concentration 1.5 ml L−1 was significantly in (content of total soluble carbohydrates in fruits, vitamin (C), total chlorophyll and proteins in fruits), which recorded (7.327 mg 100g−1 and 132.5 mg 100g−1 and 10,860 mg 100g−1 and 4.323%) respectively, but the control treatment gave the lowest rates. the interaction between Al-Baghdadi cultivar and 1.5 mL−1 atonic biostimulant was superior (content of total soluble carbohydrates, vitamin (C), total chlorophyll content in fruits), 145.0 mg 100 g−1, 11.019 mg 100 g−1 and 4.354%) respectively, but the comparison treatment gave the lowest rates.
Effect of Feeding With Vitamins, Sugars and Pollen on The Biology of Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera : Apidae) During The Autumn Season and The Use of Various Wintering Methods
Authors: Mansor Mohammed Shakir , Al-Bajari Hijab Abd Jassim , Ibrahim Mohmad Khalel
Published: November 2021

The research included a study of nutrition with vitamins, sugars, pollen and some dispersal methods in from 5/7/2020 to 5/15/2021 to evaluate the nutrients and their effect on the open and closed brood space, honey area, pollen, eggs, the increase in cell weight, the quantity of honey produced as well as the number of packages of honey bee (Apis mellifera L) colonies. The results showed that feeding with vitamins, sugars and pollen has an important role in preparing the colonies before winter, as they passed it with strong colonies compare with the comparison treatment (without feeding) and with the highest numerical density in the nylon packing boxes treatment compared to the comparison treatment during the tenth month readings. The treatment of cork boxes in the fed colonies was distinguished in the production of immature honey compared to the control treatment. The results also showed the superiority of the colonies fed during the months of November and December 2020 with the same materials over the comparison treatment in bee density, open honey, sealed honey, pollen, eggs, larvae and sealed brood) compared to the control treatment. The fed and treated colonies passed some winterization requirements in good condition and gave the highest cell weights compared to the control treatment in mud boxes, sandwich boxes, wall coverings, cork boxes, and nylon packing. As for the production of sorted honey, the fed and dispersed colonies outperformed the fed and scattered colonies with treatments compared to the comparison treatment, and in the production of parcels, the comparison treatment did not produce any parcels, while the fed and dispersed colonies produced parcels.
The Impact of Organic Production System in Olive Grove: Soil, Oil Characteristics, Biodiversity
Authors: Kattmah Ghada , Al-Kalaby Jwad Enad Mahdi , Massa Wisam
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted during period (2014 – 2016), in collaboration between General Commission of Agricultural Scientific Research/Syria and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in olive orchard that planted of Khodairi variety in Hazour village/Moseif region. The orchard was divided in to two plots, one of them was managed under organic system according to Syrian Organic Law while conventional practices used by farmer were applied in the second. These plots were separated by row of olive trees. Soil properties were studied before and after applying agro practices to evaluate the impact of organic system on soil characteristics, and the chemical analysis (oil percentage, content of Oleic acids, free acidity, total poly phenols) were carried out in order to verify the difference between two treatments, in addition to evaluating diversity in natural vegetation in both experimental plots. Organic agricultural practices have shown a positive effect in increasing soil fertility and the nutrients available to plants. They also exceeded significantly the conventional ones in term of fruit’s oil content the difference was 1.72%, in their contents of oleic fatty acid the difference reached 1.33%, and in polyphenols a difference of 28.7%. The diversity in natural vegetation seemed higher in organic plots, particularly in the spices that belong to leguminous plants such as wild vetch, lupine and types of clover, that allow taking advantage of these spices to enhance the existence of natural enemies, enrich the grove soil and maintain its moisture.
The Use of Fermented Typha Domingensis Residues by Pleurotus Ostreatus as A bio-Fortification to Control Root Disease on Cucumber Caused by Rhizoctonia Solani
Authors: Al-Absawy Salam Hakem Bread , Kahdim Jamal Hussein , Al-Haidery Ali Ajil Jassim
Published: November 2021

Cucumber is one of important crops and susceptible to root disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of two isolates of P. ostreatus (Ah and Ak) and soil treatment with several rates of Typha domingensis residues fermented by P. ostreatus to control R. solani that causes root diseases on cucumbers. In vitro trails, R. solani inhibited significantly by isolate (Ah) as well as redial mycelial growth and the percentage of cucumber seeds germination. In field trails, the number of germinated seedlings was highest at fermented T. domingensis 59.81 compare to control treatment which was 59.81. Disease severity (DS) of root damage was recorded in R. solani and R. solani + Fermented T. domingensis treatments and reached 70.4 and 64.27 respectively.
Effect of Supplementing Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris Rubra) Powder and Its Aqueous Extract on Productive Performance of Growing Geese
Authors: Al-waeli Saad K.J. , Alasadi Majid H.A. , Abbas Rabia J.
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of supplementing beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) powder and its aqueous extract on the productive performance of growing geese. A total of 180 one-day-old goslings chicks of Chinese white geese were randomly distributed among five treatment groups containing three replicates of 12 birds each. Five experimental diets were formulated as follows: Control diet without supplementation (T1). In the second and third treatments, the beetroot extract was supplemented at 15, and 30 (ml/l) in drinking water; 15, and 30 (g/kg) beetroot powder (T4, T5) in basal diet respectively. Results indicated significant (p≤0.05) improvement in average body weight and weight gain from the 2nd to 12th week and total weight gain in treatment T2 and T4, which achieved the highest values compared to the control. As for feed intake, the T3 in the 6th week, T1 in the 8th week, and T2 in the 10th week were consumed a greater amount of feed compared to the other treatments, while no significant differences appeared in the 2, 4, and 12 weeks of age and in the cumulative period. No significant differences in the feed conversion ratio at age 2, 10, and 12 weeks, while the T5 in the 4th week, T2 in the 6th week, and the T4 in the 8th week, and the cumulative period showed the better feed conversion ratio compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the supplementation of beetroot extract at 15, 30 (ml/l) or beetroot powder at 15, 30 (g/kg) improved the productive performance of growing geese.
Effect of The Type of Solvent in Azolla Extracts Added to The Ratio on The Growth of Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio L
Authors: Abd Ahmed Khalaf , Taha Nidal Tahseen
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted in the fisheries laboratory of the Department of Animal Production in the College of Agriculture and Forestry/the University of Mosul. The experiment included feeding common carp fish using ten experimental diets containing azalea plant extract in proportions (0.5, 1, 1.5%) of each solvent, ether, acetone, and ethanol, and the control was free of additives. Glass tanks were used in the growth experiment of carp fish for a period of 49 days. The results of the statistical analysis of the final weight values, total and daily weight gain (gm/fish), and the relative and qualitative growth rate % showed that there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) for the experimental treatments, and the third treatment (ether 1%) was significant compared to the rest of the treatments. While the results of the analysis of the amount of food consumed and the ratio of food efficiency in the presence.
Relationship of Genetic Polymorphism For CYP19 Gen of Exon 3 With Quantity and Milk Composition in Domestic Female Goats
Authors: Ali Haider Malik Abd , Abd Razak Naser , Karim Yousif Hamad
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the genetic polymorphism of the third exon for CYP19 gene on the quantity and composition of milk in local female goats. Blood samples were collected from female goats in the fields of some breeder in Babil Governorate/Al-Qasim City. Milk composition were examined in the Public Health Laboratory at Al-Qasim Green University/College of Veterinary Medicine, the genetic bundle of the third axon of the CYP19 gene was isolated, which was 140 bp in size, and its genotyping was determined according to the different nucleotide sequences and their association with the quantity and milk composition in the samples which tested in the Bayolat Laboratory in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate. The proportions of the distribution of the genotypes of the CYP19 gene in a sample of local female goats TT, GG and TG were 33.34%, 26.66 and 40%, respectively. The results showed prevalence of the TG genotype for CYP19 gene in the Iraqi local goats on the pure genotypes TT and GG, which was a highly significant superior (P<0.01) in the percentages of fat, protein, lactose and CFPP, as well as the significant superiority of the mixed genotype significantly on the pure genotype in the percentages of solid non-fat and density. It could be concluded from the current study that the selection of females with TG genotype as source for future generations to obtain a generation selected for the desired traits.
The Effect of Location and Parity in The Body, Udder Conformation and Milk Production Traits in Buffaloes
Authors: Alkhateeb Ahmed R. , Ibrahim Wafaa Ismail , Al-Anbari Nasr Noori
Published: November 2021

Seventy two adult lactating Iraqi buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) were chosen randomly from two regions of Iraq, Baghdad (Abu Ghraib Ruminants Researches Station in the west of Baghdad, Iraq) and AL-Muthanna province (Alhilal township), during 2018/2019 lactating season. The effect of location and parity in the body, udder conformation and milk production traits were studied. The body conformation, body weight, udder measurements, and milk production traits were significant to high significant effected by both the location and the parity except there is the non-significant effect of location on body height at the shoulder, front teat diameter, rear teat length and rear teat diameter. Similarly non-significant effect of parity was observed on front teat diameter, rear teat length, distance between front and rear teats, fat%, lactose%, and SNF%.
Effect of Using Different Resources of Premix in Diet on Some Egg Quality of Layer Hen
Authors: Hamzah Hayder Mahdi , Al-Mnachi Abbas Salim Hussein
Published: November 2021

A total of 84 laying hens, ISA Brown, 60 weeks age, were used, randomly distributed into four treatment groups with 3 replicates for each treatment. The treatments were distributed as follows: T1: added the premix to diet supplied by Nuscience Company. T2: added the premix to diet supplied by Provimi Company. T3: added the premix to diet supplied by Max Care Company. T4: added the premix to diet supplied by INTRACO Company. The results show that there were no significant differences in the relative weight of the shell, except for the mean, a significant superiority of T2 and T4 compared T3, a significant differences in the shell thickness. There were no significant differences in the relative weight of albumin, and a significant superiority in the general average, where T2 outperformed on T4. There were no significant differences in the yolk index. T3 and T2 were significantly superior to T1.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Turmeric Root Powder and Carnation Flowers to The Diet on Some Blood and Microorganisms Traits of Broilers Under Heat Stress Condition
Authors: Almayali Ameer Mushin J. , Alshukri Aqeel Yousif A.
Published: November 2021

The current study was carried out on a poultry farm which belongs to the Animal production department - College of Agriculture - University of Kufa, for a period of 35 days started from October 10 to November 13, 2020 for 5 weeks to find out the effect of adding different levels of turmeric root powder and carnation flowers to the diet on some productive traits of broilers. in the experiment, 360 broiler chicks were used, one-day-old Ross-308 hybrid, The chicks were divided randomly into 6 treatments (60 chicks/treatment) by 3 replicates per treatment, with 20 chicks for each with an average initial weight of 40gm and the treatments were as follows: 0, 3, and 5 gm/kg diet of turmeric root powder for treatments T0, T1, T2, as well as 3 and 5 gm/kg diet fodder of carnation flower powder for treatments T3 and T4, respectively.
Phenotypic Characterization and Determination of Gene expression of Genetically Modified Rice Strains Using CRISPR-CAS9 Technology With Sodium Chloride Effect
Authors: Ismail Eman Noaman , Majeed Duha mysier , Al-Burki Fouad Razzaq A. , Aldahak Laila
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted with the target of determine the role of OsHKT4 and OsHKT6 genes in rice plants under salt stress and observe its gene expression by GUS technology, as well as studying the Na+ and K+ accumulation in different tissues. The results obtained show that OsHKT4::GUS appeared strong GUS activity, expressed mainly in vascular tissues. In contrast, the GUS activity of the OsHKT6 promoters in NaCl-treated leaves was greater than that in water-treated leaves. Also in wild type plants, increasing the Na+ concentration has the effect of increasing the Na+ content of the tissues generally, the old leaves accumulating more Na+ which reduced the K+ content in roots and old leaves (Na+ levels are higher in the leaf lower parts). These results suggest that OsHKT4 and OsHKT6 genes plays a role in the accumulation of Na+ in old leaves, by adopting the mechanical exclusion of toxic ions in the old leaves of the plant.
Supervision of The Complement System by Toxoplasma During Neural Infections (Areview)
Authors: Alsaadawi Mohenned A. , Alkhuzaie Sura S. , Alasadiy Yassir D. , Alsalih Nawar Jasim , Al-Yasari Ali Mosa Rashid
Published: November 2021

Chronic infections with Toxoplasma gondii occur in the brain of mammalian hosts. The understanding of the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii, CNS, and the immune system assists in comprehending how Toxoplasma affects the complement system and how it exerts a defense mechanism against Toxoplasma. This review focuses on the supervision of the complement system by Toxoplasma gondii during neural infections. There are three possible mechanisms by which the protozoan can invade the brain. Tachyzoites in bloodstreams multiply, invade, and bind to endothelial cells before migrating into parenchymas via transcellular crossing mechanisms. Secondly, the immune cells become like the Trojan horse, which carries intracellular parasites across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In the third mechanical process, the BBB can directly be crossed through the brain at the tight junction (TJ) by the tachyzoites. It is concluded that C3 manipulation of the integrity of the BBB can be used to increase T.gondii invasion into the CNS..
The Effect of Seaweed Spirulina Platensis Extract and Micronutrients on Wheat Yield and Yield Components
Authors: Khashan Ahmed A.A. , Khalaf Husam S M , Hassan Ali A. , Al-Hilfy Intsar H.H.
Published: November 2021

Many literatures have reviewed and confirmed the importance of the seaweed extract in terms of improving crop yield. A field experiment was carried out during winter season at Izzah Heuristic Farm in Wasit Province, Iraq to examine the effect of combination of seaweed extract and micronutrient fertiliser on some wheat cultivars. Three cultivars were used in this experiment as well as four stimulator treatments: control (no added extract), seaweed extract, micronutrient, and a combination of both of them. A randomized completely blocked design (RCBD) with a factorial arrangement and three replicates was used in this experiment. The results showed that BHTH cultivar had significantly largest number of spikes, spike length, number of grains per spike, kernel weight and grain yield. The mixture treatment enhanced grain yield of all cultivars was better treatment compared with the others. In terms of the interactions, BHTH cultivars in the mixture treatment had the greatest grain yield and other components. It is clear that a combination of marine algae with micronutrient fertiliser can improve the crop grain yield and its component and can be recommended for farmers to enhance grain production. However, further study might be better step for further exploration about the impact of seaweed extract and micronutrient fertiliser with further rates and other crops or crop cultivars.
Effect of Levels Water Salinity and Inoculation With Azospirillum and Bacillus on Some Growth and Yield Characters of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Tahseen Ali Salama , Al-rifae Shaimaa Ibrahim , Saad Turki meften
Published: November 2021

A field experiment has been conducted at the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Muthanna (Al Bandar station 2 km from the center of Al-Muthanna Governorate), during seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, to study the effect of four salinity levels of irrigation water (S1, S2, S3, S4) and four treatments. of Bio Fertilization (A, B, AB, C), and knowing its effect on some characteristics of growth and yield of wheat, result showed that levels of water salinity was significant effect on growth characters, the level S1 was superior in high plant, No. tellers, leaf flag area was reached 76.03 and 82.08 cm, 358.5 and 357.2 tellers m2, 40.08 cm2 for both season on sequences. The treat of salinity S3 was superior in seed of spikes and total yields and give high means 32 and 34.42 seed spike−1, 3.850 and 4.13 ton h−1 in both season. The inoculation treatment was high significant in growth characters and the treat A was superior in plant high reached 77.78 and 77.76 cm, in tellers treat A was superior in No. tellers reached 352.4 tellers m2, the treatment AB was superior in flag leaf area and reached 40.17 cm2. The result showed superior treat AB in seeds spikes−1 reached 32.58 and 34.67 seeds spike−1 for both season, in 1000 seed weight was treat B was superior and give 33.83 and 35.08 gm in both season, the treat AB was superior in total yield its reached 3.52 and 3.82 ton h−1.
Effect of Spraying with Nano Silica and Water Salinity Levels on Growth and Yield of Wheat
Authors: Ajmi Al-bourky RaghebH. , Mahmoud Mohammed Radwan , Ali Salama Tahseen
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season 2020-2021 at research station of the College of Agriculture, University of Al-Muthanna (Al - Bandar) to study the effect of spraying with nano silica and salinity levels of irrigation water on the growth and yield of wheat. The experiment was applied in a strip split plot design. With three replications, the spraying included three concentrations of silica (3, 6, 9 ppm) and three concentrations of irrigation water salinity (3, 6, 9 ds m−1). The results indicated that the level of 9 ppm sprayed exceeded significantly in the following traits and gave the highest means.: plant height 84.26 cm, number of tillers 354.10 m2 tillers, area of flag leaf 40.19 cm2, spike length 9.89 cm, number of spikes 288.93 m2 and yield 4.27 tons ha−1. The results also indicated that the increase in salinity level led to a decrease in the characteristics of plant height 82.22 cm, number of tillers 319.43 m2 tillers, area of flag leaf 39.93 cm2, spike length 9.19 cm, number of spikes 260.13 m2, and yield, which amounted to 3.86 tons ha−1.