bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of pentosidine and TNF-α levels in Iraqi diabetic patients with retinopathy
Authors: Jabur Jassim Mohammed , Al-Rubaie Qassem Farhoud , Al-Joda Ban Mahmood Shaker
Published: August 2022

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common retinal vascular consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a leading cause of vision problems in people of working age. DR is usually asymptomatic within the early stages. When left untreated, DR can cause significant vision loss and potentially lead to blindness. Classically, DR was thought to be a retinal microvascular disease. The treatment of DR remains challenging. This study designed as a case-control study. nineteen patients were involved in this study, divided into two groups (DR group that contain 45 patients, and control groups that contain 45 subject).  This study was conducted over a period 6 months' form October 2021 till April 2022. Sample collected form clinic of ophthalmology in   Imam Sadiq Hospital and Ophthalmology center in Hilla city. The particular side of the study was performed at the laboratory of the biochemistry department in college of medicine / Babylon university.This study including 100 subjects. This subjects were divided into two group, the first group includes 50 patients with diabetic retinopathy and the second group includes 50 apparently healthy peoples., the age ware ranged between (43-77) years.
Management of shivering after spinal anesthesia in parturient
Authors: Shamsi Afzal , Ail Hussain Mohammed , Rahimi Mojgan , Mosleh Zaman Sabah
Published: August 2022

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety of different methods of shivering control in patients with spinal anesthesia during cesarean delivery in Al-Abbas, Obstetrics and Gynecology (Imam Al-Hujjah), and Al Kafeel hospitals in Karbala. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women who have delivered from 2016 to 2022 in Karbala city. More than 90% of cesarean delivery in Karbala were conducted in 3 hospitals including Imam Al-Hujjah hospital, Al-Abbas, and Al Kafeel. Patients were selected by a simple random method and the sample size for each hospital was defined with the proportion to size method. The researcher-made checklist was used to collect the data and data were extracted from medical documents of patients. In case of huge missing data in medical documents, the patient was excluded from the study, and another patient was selected by the same method. Result: In this study, 755 patients were included to the study. The mean age of participants was 24.48 ± 4.56 years. The incidence of shivering was 21.59% in participants, which were 31.34% in participants who received no intervention, warmed cover, and fluid therapy; and 18.05% in participants who received tramadol, and pethidine, or clonidine.
HANSENÍASE EM MENORES DE 15 ANOS: CARACTERIZAÇÃO SOCIODEMOGRÁFICA E CLÍNICA DOS CASOS EM UM MUNICÍPIO HIPERENDÊMICO
Authors: Jade Lima de Andrade Silva Francisca , Maria Cardoso de Aquino Dorlene , Maria Leite Meirelles Monteiro Estela , Portela Silva Coutinho Nair , da Graça Carvalhal Frazão Corrêa Rita , de Fátima Lires Paiva Maria
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos casos notificados de hanseníase em menores de 15 anos no município de São Luís – Maranhão.

Método: estudo descritivo e quantitativo, realizado com casos notificados no período de 2010 a 2019, analisados por meio de estatística descritiva.

Resultados: o município notificou 826 casos de hanseníase em menores de 15 anos e apresentou parâmetros hiperendêmicos em toda a série histórica, com destaque para a faixa etária entre 10 e 14 anos, sexo masculino, cor parda, que cursavam a 5ª e 8ª série do ensino fundamental incompleto, residentes na capital do estado, classificação multibacilar, forma clínica dimorfa, 0 a 5 lesões dermatológicas, 0 a 2 nervos afetados, exame baciloscópico não realizado, identificados como casos novos, detectados por demanda espontânea e com grau zero de incapacidade no diagnóstico.

Conclusão: Os resultados indicam gravidade da doença e manutenção da transmissão ativa, sugerindo que o município apresenta falhas na execução das ações de controle e dificuldades na realização do diagnóstico nessa população específica.
EFEITOS DA SEXUALIDADE NOS TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS COMUNS E NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PESSOAS IDOSAS
Authors: Vitório de Souza Júnior Edison , Pires Cruz Diego , Reis Siqueira Lais , Fernandes da Silva Filho Benedito , Magalhães Cairo Gabriel , Brito Dias Infante Lucas , Okino Sawada Namie
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da sexualidade nos transtornos mentais comuns e na qualidade de vida de pessoas idosas.

Método: Estudo transversal e analítico realizado com 721 pessoas idosas. Os participantes responderam a quatro instrumentos: biosociodemográfico, EVASI, SRQ-20 e WHOQOL-Old. Os dados foram analisados com os testes de Mann-Whitney e a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais, adotando intervalo de confiança de 95%.

Resultados: A sexualidade exerceu efeito forte e positivo sobre a qualidade de vida (CP=0,778 [IC95%=0,680-0,862] p<0,001), enquanto que sobre os transtornos mentais comuns, o efeito observado foi forte e negativo (CP= -0,481 [IC95%= -0,540 – -0,421] p<0,001).

Conclusão: o aumento quanti-qualitativo das vivências em sexualidade exerceu efeitos de aumento da qualidade de vida e de redução dos transtornos mentais comuns nas pessoas idosas. Por ser identificado efeito forte sobre as variáveis, constata-se a relevância clínica da sexualidade ser trabalhada com mais frequência nos serviços de saúde.
AVALIAÇÃO DO MEDO E ESTRESSE PELO IDOSO NA PANDEMIA DO NOVO CORONAVÍRUS: UM ESTUDO TRANSVERSAL
Authors: Regina Pereira Joyce , de Souza Fernandes Daiane , Ferraz Ferreira de Aguiar Viviane , de Jesus Dias de Sousa Fabianne
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: identificar os principais medos e o nível de estresse em relação à pandemia do Novo coronavírus em idosos.

Método: estudo transversal, analítico e com base numa amostra não probabilista por conveniência composta de 25 idosos usuários de uma praça pública no município de Belém, Pará, Brasil, realizado de janeiro a junho de 2021. Aplicaram-se o questionário sociodemográfico, escala de medo do Novo coronavírus e escala de estresse percebido. Utilizou-se o teste paramétrico Teste t (p<0,05).

Resultados: a média de idade foi de 67,6 anos predominando o sexo feminino (72%). Evidenciou-se que os idosos apresentaram nível de medo moderado (p<0,001) relacionado ao medo da COVID-19 (t=0,26). Prevaleceu o nível de estresse percebido moderado (p<0,001) relacionado à irritabilidade causada pela situação fora de controle (t=0,00).

Conclusão: perceber o medo e estresse em idosos contribui para o desenvolvimento de ações pelos profissionais com vistas à promoção da saúde mental em tempos de pandemia.
EFFECTS OF SEXUALITY ON COMMON MENTAL DISORDERS AND
QUALITY OF LIFE IN ELDERLY PEOPLE
Authors: Vitório de Souza Júnior Edison , Pires Cruz Diego , Reis Siqueira Lais , Fernandes da Silva Filho Benedito , Magalhães Cairo Gabriel , Brito Dias Infante Lucas , Okino Sawada Namie
Published: August 2022

Objective: to analyze the effects of sexuality on common mental disorders and quality of
life in elderly people.

Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 721 elderly people from all regions of Brazil who answered four instruments: bio-sociodemographic, EVASI, SRQ-20 and WHOQOL-Old between July and October 2020. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Structural Equation Modeling tests adopting a 95% confidence interval.

Results: sexuality exerted a strong, positive effect on quality of life (SC=0.778 [95%CI=0.680-0.862] p<0.001), while on common mental disorders, the effect was strong and negative (SC=-0.481 [95%CI=-0.540 - -0.421] p<0.001).

Conclusion: because a strong effect on the variables was identified, the clinical relevance of sexuality being worked on more frequently in health services was verified. Thus, society benefits with the insertion of a little explored theme and with the weakening of existing prejudices, including among the elderly themselves.
EFECTOS DE LA SEXUALIDAD EN LOS TRASTORNOS MENTALES COMUNES Y EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA DE LAS PERSONAS ANCIANAS
Authors: Vitório de Souza Júnior Edison , Pires Cruz Diego , Reis Siqueira Lais , Fernandes da Silva Filho Benedito , Magalhães Cairo Gabriel , Brito Dias Infante Lucas , Okino Sawada Namie
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: analizar los efectos de la sexualidad sobre los trastornos mentales comunes y la calidad de vida de las personas ancianas.

Método: estudio transversal realizado con 721 ancianos de todas las regiones de Brasil que respondieron a cuatro instrumentos: biosociodemográficos, EVASI, SRQ-20 y WHOQOL-Old entre los meses de julio y octubre de 2020. Los datos se analizaron mediante las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y del Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales, adoptando un intervalo de confianza del 95%.

Resultados: la sexualidad ejerció un efecto fuerte y positivo sobre la calidad de vida (CP=0,778 [IC 95%=0,680-0,862] p<0,001), mientras que, sobre los trastornos mentales comunes, el efecto fue fuerte y negativo (CP=-0,481 [IC 95%=-0,540 -0,421] p<0,001).

Conclusión: al haberse identificado un efecto fuerte sobre las variables, se constató la relevancia clínica de que la sexualidad se trabaje con mayor frecuencia en los servicios de salud. Así, la sociedad se beneficia con la inserción de un tema poco explorado y con la fragilización de los prejuicios existentes, incluso entre las propias personas ancianas.
HANSEN`S DISEASE IN CHILDREN UNDER 15 YEARS OLD: SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CASES IN A HYPERENDEMIC MUNICIPALITY
Authors: Jade Lima de Andrade Silva Francisca , Maria Cardoso de Aquino Dorlene , Maria Leite Meirelles Monteiro Estela , Portela Silva Coutinho Nair , da Graça Carvalhal Frazão Corrêa Rita , de Fátima Lires Paiva Maria
Published: August 2022

Objective: to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profile of reported cases of
Hansen´s disease in children under 15 years old in the municipality of São Luís - Maranhão - Brazil.

Method: descriptive study conducted with 826 cases reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, in São Luís - Maranhão, in the period from 2010 to 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies.

Results: age group between 10 and 14 years (60.29%), male (51.09%), brown (69.59%), incomplete elementary education (39.58%), multibacillary (62.71%), dimorphic clinical form (54.24%), up to five lesions (74.45%), zero to two nerves affected (83.23%), no bacilloscopic (46.28%), new cases (93.70%), spontaneous demand (46.38%) and zero degree of disability at diagnosis (78.98%).

Conclusion: hyper-endemic parameters with high risk for the disease were demonstrated. It is important to create control and prevention strategies to reduce Hansen´s disease transmission in children.
EFFECTS OF BRACHYTHERAPY ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND FUNCTIONALITY IN THE TREATMENT OF CERVIX CANCER
Authors: de Freitas Corpes Erilaine , dos Anjos Gonçalves Gerciane , Caroline Andrade Oliveira Ana , da Silva Pacífico Viviane , Christina Moura Barbosa Castro Régia , Cesar de Almeida Paulo , Marques Barbosa Isadora
Published: August 2022

Objective: to assess the effect of brachytherapy on functionality and quality of life of women with cervix cancer.

Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out between December 2019 and February 2020 with 33 women with uterine neoplasia undergoing brachytherapy, followed up at Centro Oncológico do Nordeste - Brazil. The Funtional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Cervix Cancer instrument was applied. The means of the subscales were compared and their mutual correlation was analyzed by applying the ANOVA and Student’s t tests.

Results: requirements focused on self-image, sexuality and urinary complaints were evidenced. The mean of additional concerns was lower in the age group from 50 to 59 years old, when compared to the mean values in the age groups from31 to 49 years old (p=0.004) and from 60 to 75 years old (p=0.002).

Conclusion: addressing issues related to sexuality and urinary complaints contribute to early identification of the symptoms caused by brachytherapy, as well as the implementation of measures, providing quality of life for the patient.
Where do older adults die in Brazil? An analysis of two decades
Authors: Lehmann Kenny Regina , Banovski Dyayne Carla , Fernandes Bruna , Oliveira Dagna Karen de , Dal’Negro Sadana Hillary , Campos Ana Carolina de
Published: August 2022

Objective: To describe the characteristics of older adult deaths reported in Brazil between 1998 and 2018. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study performed using secondary data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: During the analyzed period, 14 145 686 older adults died in the country, of which 40.42% were over 80 years old. The main cause of death was circulatory system disease (21.50%), and the most frequent place of death was a hospital environment (68%). The Southeast region accounted for 52.83% of the country’s hospital deaths and 73.33% of those occurring in other health facilities, whereas 38.56% of the deaths that happened at home took place in the Northeast region. Conclusions: The hospital environment was the predominant place of death in all regions of the country, and the main causes of death were chronic noncommunicable diseases. Alternative care modalities emerge as a possibility of establishing accessible end-of-life care in scenarios other than the hospital.
The process of deprescribing in older adults: a methodological protocol
Authors: Linkievicz Natascha Melo , Engroff Paula , Cataldo Alfredo , Sgnaolin Vanessa
Published: August 2022

Objective: To report, by means of a methodological protocol, the process of deprescribing implemented in a geriatric psychiatry outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital. Methods: The topic of interest was comprehensively reviewed in the scientific literature. Instruments and tools necessary to develop the protocol were selected, including the Treatment Adherence Measure, Beers criteria, the EURO-FORTA List, the Brazilian Consensus on Potentially Inappropriate Medications for Older Persons, Drugs.com, and deprescribing algorithms. Results: The protocol consists of the following steps: 1) Review: Assess older patients’ physical and behavioral status and family context and list all medications used; 2) Analyze: Review patients’ drug therapy; 3) Act: Initiate deprescribing (if indicated); 4) Adjust: Discuss patients’ expectations, beliefs, and preferences and adjust the prescription to their real possibilities; 5) Monitor: Identify responses to treatment, assess adherence to the deprescribing process, and detect return of symptoms or worsening of the underlying disease. Conclusions: Health care professionals need to work together to provide comprehensive care for older persons. The inclusion of deprescribing in more research groups focused on the geriatric population will increase attention to the safety of pharmacological treatment for older patients.
The Border Security Industry and the Second Refugee Crisis: A Commentary on Serena Parekh’s No Refuge: Ethics and the Global Refugee Crisis
Authors: Mendoza José Jorge
Published: August 2022

Until recently, much of the philosophical literature on refugees has focused on what Serena Parekh (2020) in No Refuge: Ethics and the Global Refugee Crisis, calls the “first refugee crisis,” i.e., the refugee crisis as experienced from Europe, understood as the arrival of large numbers of asylum seekers and the political handling of this situation. This literature has therefore dealt primarily with questions about who really counts as a refugee and when states acquire obligations to admit non-citizens. Rarely, however, do philosophers talk about the ethical implications of what Parekh calls “the second refugee crisis”: the crisis for refugees themselves, who “are unable to access the minimum conditions of human dignity while they wait for a more permanent solution.” In short, when philosophers debate the ethics of asylum and refugeehood, the conclusions or insights they come to will, at best, be applicable to about 10 percent of the world’s forcibly displaced. In this review essay, I briefly outline Serena Parekh’s (2020) argument, showing how her reframing of the refugee crisis provides a much-needed intervention in the current philosophical literature. I then extend these insights into questions concerning immigration enforcement. In doing so, I argue that in order to adequately deal with the second refugee crisis we must be more receptive to the open borders position than Parekh seems to allow.
Issues and Challenges of Internet of Things: A Survey
Authors:   Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University (AUUP), Lucknow, (Uttar Pradesh), India, Khan Humra , Singh Pawan ,   Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University (AUUP), Lucknow, (Uttar Pradesh), India
Published: August 2022

The Internet of things (IoT) paradigm has impacted the current high-tech lifestyle greatly. To name a few: smart cities, smart transportation, smart industries, pollution and energy control all owe their existence to IoT. Expansive research and investigations have been conducted for the implementation of IoT and this implementation without a doubt comes along with a lot of challenges. Such challenges and issues must be overcome in order to attain the full potential of IoT. This research paper aims to discuss the various issues and challenges faced in the field of IoT, especially the ones pertaining to security and privacy. Aside from the challenges, the paper dives into the probable solutions for dealing with all the key issues of IoT along with the architecture and important application domains of IoT.
A Novel Optimized Travel Planner
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India, Srivastava Rahul , Singh Pawan ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India
Published: August 2022

In 1959, Dijkstra announced a method for determining the shortest path between two nodes in a network. This algorithm has received much attention because it can deal with various real-life problems. The algorithm is a greedy type. Other types of algorithms are also created and compared. Application-related changes are made to the original algorithm. The time complexity of the algorithm increases at the expense of space complexity. Space is more complex with modern hardware so you can implement such an algorithm.
Migrant Worker Safety, Occupational Health Equity, and Labor Trafficking
Authors: Prakash Jaya , Kim Inkyu , B. Erickson Timothy , Stoklosa Hanni
Published: August 2022

The US Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act of 1970 has helped reduce workplace fatalities and injuries. However, fatalities in migrant workers have disproportionately increased. This editorial discusses 1) how inequitably beneficial this health law has been for migrant workers 2) the unique occupational health risks labor trafficked migrants face 3) the role public health can play in addressing the needs of labor-trafficked migrant workers. Physical and emotional hazards, intrinsic to the notably dangerous occupations, are disproportionately felt by migrant workers due to systemic barriers including but not limited to economic hardship and coercion, language barriers, fear of legal repercussions, lack of protective equipment, racism and xenophobia. Labor trafficked workers also face additional significant occupational health risks and barriers to accessing medical care. Our recommendations to protect labor trafficked migrant workers involve improvements in research, policy, medical education, and health care delivery
A Small Allocation of the COVID-19 Vaccine Yields Critical Benefits to One-Third of Americans: Prioritize School Staff and Childcare Workers​
Authors: Kirwin​ Melissa
Published: August 2022

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is anticipated to issue two Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for two COVID-19 vaccines by the end of 2020, along with the subsequent availability of 40 million vaccine doses, enough for 20 million recipients. General consensus among the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and U.S. public health experts are that the nation’s 21 million healthcare workers and approximately three million elderly in long-term care will be among the first recipients of a vaccine. Following this phase, the focus shifts to frontline and essential workers. By vaccinating the relatively small population of frontline school staff and childcare workers, more than one-third of the country’s population will reap positive COVID-19 related physical and mental health benefits. Restoring safer schooling and childcare options provides immense societal and health benefits, mitigates COVID-19 related disparities among vulnerable populations, and breaks ground towards a more rapid realization of a post-pandemic normal.
Healthcare Workers' Situation Amid the COVID-19 Response in Afghanistan
Authors: Nemat Arash , Tsagkaris​ Christos , Yasir Essar Mohammad , Jain Shubhika , Tunde Aborode Abdullahi , Bilal Muhammad , Mehedi Hasan Mohammad , Ahmad Shoaib , Talib Hashim Hashim
Published: August 2022

This disruption and unsafe workplace for health workers, reflects the detrimental effect of decades of war, insecurity in the country, and illiteracy among people that has also resulted in the surge of COVID-19 cases, overwhelming the existing facilities [7,18]. Since the beginning of the pandemic, many violent incidents occurred, such as attacks on hospitals, abductions of healthcare workers, looting of medical supplies, harassment and interference.  The worn-torn country faced many healthcare facilities’ closure due to unrest, which brought severe health implications to Afghanistan’s residents.
Why the Hero Narrative Is Problematic for Health Care Workers Like Me
Authors: Y. Azam Zaki
Published: August 2022

CAC Foreman 8th floor. Rapid response Klau 4. The voice in my head is the voice that comes overhead every few seconds. As a first year internal medicine resident in New York City, the physical and emotional toll the pandemic has placed on me is unmeasurable. My attending physician reminds me of someone commanding a battlefield. I work with my “allied” residents, doctors from different specialties deployed to my floor, “coalition” doctors, and students that graduated early to help us. Medicine has been replaced by wartime rhetoric. Unlike war however, medicine is not a path by which any of us ever expected to lose our lives. Being on the front line of a global pandemic at a tertiary care center in one of the most populated cities in the world is not only surreal, it’s scary. Not the type of scare you get from running out of groceries at the supermarket. I was scared of the potential cases I was coming into contact with, scared that my mask didn’t fit properly on my face, scared that I would touch it with dirty gloves by mistake. My face hurts from wearing a mask 13 hours a day. My head hurts from trying to find a mask in the chaos of people frantically searching for it. Walking into a shift one morning, I was handed a Yankees poncho to use as a gown. “Treat it like gold,” one hospital administrator said at a weekly COVID town-hall conference. I can’t come into work without fearing for my life.
Lessons Learned From a Maternal Health-Focused Podcast Mini-Series Created for Pregnant and Postpartum Black, Indigenous, and People of Color
Authors: Holder Kai , Dahdouh Rabih , A. A. Osei Cassandra , A Adebayo Nihmotallahi , Tom Laura , O’Brian Catherine , Leung Ivy , Estrada Araceli , Simon Melissa
Published: August 2022

Background: Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) face complex and unique healthcare barriers, which are especially significant in the context of prenatal and postpartum care. Unfortunately, there are few educational resources that are tailored for BIPOC pregnant and birthing persons. Podcasting is a nontraditional media format that has emerged as an effective communication tool to reach BIPOC patients and has the potential to enhance patient engagement on healthcare topics. Our team utilized podcasts in the form of a Maternal Health-focused limited series as an innovative form of media to detail inequities within the current healthcare system that affect BIPOC pregnant and birthing individuals and to also provide information about resource referrals, advocacy, and methods for birthing individuals to confront these inequities and to assist healthcare providers better address these disparities in their clinical practices.
“Overexposed and Underprotected”: Connecting Structural Racism to Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Age of Menarche Through Personal Care Product Use
Authors: Chan Marissa
Published: August 2022

Racial/ethnic disparities in the age of menarche are reported with Black girls reaching menarche at younger ages compared to other racial/ethnic groups. While research has identified a few drivers of this disparity, there is limited work examining the role of systemic racism. Through this commentary, the connections between systemic racism and racial/ethnic disparities in the age of menarche through personal care product use are identified. Specifically, examples from epidemiology, environmental health, psychology/social sciences, and news/media are highlighted to illustrate the potential pathways through which internalized, interpersonal, and institutional racism may act. Finally, the impact of the earlier age of menarche is discussed and the path forward is outlined.
Ethical and Medical Implications of Prenatal and Preimplantation Screening
Authors: Reddy Meenakshi
Published: August 2022

As medicine has lent itself progressively to innovation in the field of antenatal screening at various cellular stages of fetal growth, ethical and moral dilemmas follow these innovations in a parallel fashion. Along with the myriad options currently available in screening a fetus for chromosomal and genetic anomalies, comes the inevitable question of finding the most cost-effective and non-invasive form of screening tailored towards mothers of varying demographics. Currently, the legal policies with regards to prenatal screening (a detection of chromosomal aneuploidies often confused with pre-implantation diagnosis) present themselves rather vaguely. Legal policies are ambiguous as the “standard” procedures of management and counseling among mothers with fetuses suffering from these genetic anomalies are still in flux. The ethical precinct of “non-directiveness” in counseling cannot realistically be fulfilled as most genetic counselors cannot maintain an impartial stance throughout a whole genetic counseling session.[1]
Maternal and Child Health in the United States and at the Harvard T.H. Chan
Authors: Podolsky Scott
Published: August 2022

This essay frames Marie McCormick’s remarkable career in the context of the history of Maternal and Child Health as an evolving field over the past century, and the parallel development of Maternal and Child Health at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. These linked histories are further connected to enduring efforts to draw attention to vulnerable populations and what would come to be considered the social determinants of health. Attention to maternal and child health stemmed in many ways from the apparent effects of late 19th century industrialization, immigration, child labor, and insufficient sanitation. In this context, Lilian Wald famously lobbied for a federal Children’s Bureau, asking in 1903, “If the Government can have a department to look after the Nation’s farm crops, why can’t it have a bureau to look after the Nation’s child crop?”[i] The Children’s Bureau would be formed in 1912, employing fact-finding, advocacy, and action. Its initial efforts were geared towards documenting infant mortality rates, finding that these correlated with housing status, parental earnings, the health of the mother, and local sanitation and milk quality. It would successfully push for child labor and child welfare laws, with this era culminating in the 1921 passage of the Sheppard-Towner Act, providing federal funds to states for child and maternal health programs. While the Act, opposed and characterized as socialist by the AMA, would be repealed by 1929, it would further cement the importance of maternal and child health in the minds of would-be reformers. In this context, the Social Security Act of 1935 included Aid to Dependent Children, Child Welfare, and Title V, which entailed funding for Maternal and Child Health and Crippled Children’s Services.
Second Wave of COVID-19 and Its Effect on Children’s Health During the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic in India
Authors: Chakraborty Pallab , Rackimuthu Sudhan
Published: August 2022

Children's health during the COVID-19 pandemic in India has not been a matter of principal interest. Available literature suggests that children are capable of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 but have decreased risk of death. With increasing transmission rates and possible progression to severe infection due to SARS-CoV-2 variants during the second wave, children’s health must also be prioritized. It is, therefore, crucial to pay heed and stress the importance of adhering to preventive measures such as hand hygiene, wearing facemasks and maintaining physical distance with children, and advocate for widespread vaccination of the pediatric age group.
Integrating Mobile Health Technology in Community Based Doula Programs to Extend Childcare Related Support to Adolescent Single Mothers
Authors: Kashyap Marisha
Published: August 2022

The effect of all aspects of maternal health before, during, and after pregnancy on prenatal and early childhood health and well-being is well documented. Early childhood outcomes have been empirically established as predictors of well-being in later life (Heckman et. al., 2013).  Research on motherhood indicates that social and instrumental support from family of origin has a greater positive impact on adolescent mothers than adult mothers (Nath et. al., 1991). However, the absence of such forms of support among adolescent single mothers might have detrimental implications for maternal and child well-being outcomes.  The role of doulas in providing physical, emotional, and informational support to mothers during labor and post-partum, and fostering positive mother-infant relationships is widely recognized in maternal and child health research. (Ahlemeyer, J., & Mahon, S., 2015, & Hans et. al., 2013). Therefore, community-based doula programs can be an effective way to improve maternal and child health outcomes in populations of adolescent single mothers. This paper proposes adaptation of existing community-based doula programs to the unique features of adolescent parenting by integrating mobile health technology to build an alert virtual ecosystem that facilitates immediate provision of social and instrumental support, and childcare related services to adolescent single mothers at high risk of detrimental birth outcomes.
Children Are Not Small Adults
Authors: Michl Wright John , Huxol Heather , Ann Harris Corrie
Published: August 2022

Playing a game of Candy Land with a tearful 12-year-old girl who lives in a pediatric long-term care facility (pLTCF) and has been isolated from her family at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, I consider the fact that protecting my patient from COVID-19 infection requires isolating her from her loved ones. An epic poem comes to mind. Homer’s Odyssey describes the plight of Odysseus and his perilous journey returning to his home kingdom of Ithaca. Due to uncontrollable circumstances including war and captivity, Odysseus is kept from his beloved homeland for years. On his eventual sea journey home he must sail between two sea monsters found on opposite sides of a narrow straight: the perilous whirlpool Charybdis and the six headed monster Scylla. As there is no escape without cost, Odysseus is forced to choose the lesser of the two evils; passing by Scylla, losing only a few sailors rather than risking the loss of his entire ship in the whirlpool. As a medical student rotating in a pLTCF at the onset of the pandemic, I recall many instances where physicians and facility leaders were forced to choose between the lesser of two evils while creating policies and best practices for resident children. Balancing the creation of an effective infection control policy with the negative effects of social isolation on resident children demonstrates one example: My patient was sad during the initial weeks of isolation from her family. Now, a year later and still isolated, I wonder if she and her family think that facility policies implemented to prevent COVID-19 infection have been worth the sacrifice.
The Integration of Doulas into the Pregnancy Care Teams of Women of Color in the United States
Authors: C. Fox Tyler
Published: August 2022

The United States has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios of any country in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) at 17.4 per 100,000 live births as of 2017, far more than Canada, Sweden, Australia, or Germany (OECD.Stat, 2021). A primary reason for this considerable difference between the U.S. and other OECD countries is the racial disparity in maternal mortality. One intervention aimed at addressing this racial disparity is the integration of a doula, a professionally trained companion who provides birth support, into a woman’s biomedical care team (Gilliland, 2002). The doula works with their client throughout pregnancy, through delivery, and in the postnatal period, providing guidance and encouragement to the mother while also working within the healthcare system to advocate for, and in some cases to protect, her. This paper will provide a general background on maternal death in the United States, highlighting the historical and modern instances of racism and its impact on maternal health; examining the use of doulas as an intervention for reducing maternal death, using New York City as a case study; and discussing the potential implications of a national expansion of Medicaid reimbursed doula programs aimed at improving maternal outcomes countrywide.
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Access in the U.S.: A Multifactorial Challenge with Dynamic Policy
Authors: Kahane Kelila , Blake Morof Joshua
Published: August 2022

On March 11, 2021, The American Rescue Plan Act allocated 80 million dollars in grants to increase mental health access for children and adolescents. This provision lent needed attention and validation to the tremendous treatment gaps in child and adolescent mental health care, an issue with high costs to the health system, and short and long-ranging impacts. Most child mental illnesses go untreated and hurdles to access, including social factors and geography, play prominent roles. This paper will give a brief background of the epidemiology of child mental illness in the US and then discuss some of the challenges in mental health access among children and adolescents in the US. Further, proposed and ongoing solutions will be discussed to address the challenge of unequal distribution of care and the sheer lack of capacity. These approaches include expanding the training landscape, using a WHO resource conservation model, tele-mental health, and primary care-specialist partnerships. These approaches lend policymakers and stakeholders a preliminary analysis of how these funds could be allocated and thereby have tremendous importance for the current moment.
A new twig canker disease of Cinnamomum camphora
Authors: Harsh N. , Chandra S.
Published: August 2022

A new twig canker disease of Cinnamomum camphora caused by Pestalotiopsis versicolor has been reported for the first time and studied in detail.
Women’s Political Rights Context in Gender and Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Oktavriana Diah Ratri
Published: August 2022

Women have the right and the potential to make a real contribution to politics. However, the phenomenon of the increasing number of female figures in political contestation in the regions is still the pros and cons. Hence, the involvement of women still invites discussion, and debate, and often leaves doubts. Currently, the representation of women in the legislature is an essential concern of the government, one of which is through an affirmative action policy. In the political context, this affirmative action encouraged women's representation in the legislature. So that a regulation is needed that can guarantee and ensure the representation of women in parliament, both nationally and regionally. Starting with the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) by Indonesia in 1984 through Law Number 7 of 1984 which provides special treatment to achieve gender equality, it has also been carried out through several other national laws and regulations, such as Law no. 12 of 2003 which regulates the political parties participating in the election to pay attention to the representation of women at least 30% in the nomination of members of the legislature.
Innovative Leadership Factors and Leader Characteristics that Affecting Professional Learning Community of Primary Schools in Bangkok and Its Vicinity
Authors: Khanthap Juladis
Published: August 2022

This research aimed to investigate the innovative leadership factors and leader characteristics of school administrators in affecting teachers’ involvement in the professional learning community of primary education schools in Bangkok and its vicinity of Thailand. Hence, the researcher would shed light on a linear structural relationship model to examine the impacts of innovative leadership factors and leader characteristics of primary school administrators on teachers’ involvement in the professional learning community. A quantitative approach survey design was employed in this research. A total of 840 respondents responded to questionnaires in a proportional of two teachers to one school administrator from 280 primary schools. The respondents participated in a survey utilizing a multi-stage sampling technique. The researcher planned to test whether the identified innovative leadership factors and leader characteristics are fitting with empirical data as the key research output. The findings indicated that there was a total of five innovative leadership factors and three leader characteristics in a professional learning community model. The linear structural relationship model was supported to the empirical data, with χ2 = 42.321, df = 31, χ2 /df = 1.3652, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.997, RMSEA = 0.021, and SRMR = 0.01, p = 0.0845. In conclusion, the linear structural relationship model for primary school administrators has a goodness of fit with the attained data. Finally, the findings of this research have successfully proposed a linear structural relationship model that would be guidelines for a primary school administrator to develop his capabilities to promote a professional learning community.
Role of Open Access in the emergence and consolidation of refereed journals in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Delgado Troncoso Jorge
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Analyze the role of open access in the growth of Latin American (LA&C) refereed journals at the national, regional, and global levels. Methods: Data came from two sources: 1) six of the main open access databases/repositories (OpenDOAR, DOAJ, PKP’s OJS, Dialnet, SciELO, and RedALyC; 2) Notes taken during 175 in-depth semi-structured interviews that were conducted between 2008 and 2010 with journal editors, university authorities, government staff, international organization officials, and other experts. The interviews were carried out in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Findings from the databases/repositories are used to describe the presence of LA&C journals as a region and by country. They are organized in tables and analyzed descriptively. Results: SciELO had 816 journals, 21,324 issues, and 314,758 documents/articles; RedALyC had 758 journals, 14,381 issues, and 177,017 articles. Dialnet included 7,168 journals, 3,246,415 documents, and 2,230,929 articles. 1,190 journals (18.52%) from LA&C were included in DOAJ. Colombia is the country with the second highest number of journals in RedALyC after Mexico and in SciELO after Brazil. Conclusion: LA&C has a strong presence in international and regional repositories of open access journals, which increases the visibility of the region’s publications and the possibility of developing academic networks. Regional directories like Latindex and repositories/indexes such as RedALyC and SciELO have had a major impact on the development of LA&C journals. Two factors seem to be supporting the emergence of a model of scientific/scholarly publication in LA&C: open access publication and regional repositories and databases/indexes.
Acceso Abierto (oa) a la información. Propuesta para su aplicación en el aprendizaje de la fisiología médica
Authors: Bernasconi María Virginia
Published: August 2022

Toda persona tiene derecho a recibir información. La libre disponibilidad del conocimiento es una herramienta básica para favorecer la equidad entre los miembros de una comunidad. Los investigadores financiados con fondos públicos tienen la obligación moral de hacer que los resultados de su investigación sean libremente disponibles para todos. El desarrollo de la ciencia y de la técnica es dependiente de la divulgación del conocimiento previo. El acceso libre a la información, mejora la formación de pregrado y, al menos en algunas disciplinas, los artículos más citados en investigación, pertenecen a revistas de acceso abierto (OA). Las publicaciones científicas utilizan, entre otros, dos sistemas de financiación que no se excluyen mutuamente: a) el lector, o una institución, paga derecho al acceso a la información mediante suscripción; b) el autor paga derecho a la revisión y publicación de su artículo. Ambos sistemas limitan el acceso al conocimiento. En las revistas con alto factor de impacto, la mayoría de los artículos publicados, provienen de países con alto nivel de ingresos, aunque sean los menos numerosos. En la Fisiología Médica, el OA ha sido relevante en la divulgación del nuevo conocimiento y en las propuestas de estrategias educativas. Este trabajo describe los mecanismos de acceso, la información para estudiantes y docentes en una disciplina médica básica. Además, propone un sistema de OA para mejorar la calidad en la formación-investigación-atención a través de mejorar el aprendizaje de la Fisiología Médica y discute la factibilidad de su aplicación.
Dimensión Histórica del conocimiento libre en América del Sur: Cambio de tradición
Authors: Plaz Power Irene
Published: August 2022

Teniendo en cuenta los estudios sociales regionales de la ciencia y los estudios críticos del desarrollo regional, nos preguntamos: ¿qué posibilidades hemos tenido los individuos e instituciones de generar y aprender conocimientos orientados a las necesidades pluriculturales, humanas y sustentables? Más concretamente: ¿el conocimiento libre de las CTIC contribuye a incrementar estas posibilidades? La perspectiva social desde la cual abordamos el “impacto del Open Access en la Educación Superior de América Latina” ha resultado del encuentro de dos agendas teórico-metodológicas: la de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la de los estudios críticos sobre el desarrollo, enfocadas en América del Sur, América Central y el Caribe. Para responder estas interrogantes abordamos la dimensión histórica de prácticas sociales y académicas –infocultura– de generación y difusión del conocimiento desde Europa a América Latina. Esta aproximación contribuirá a identificar cómo se consolidaron tradiciones privatizadoras de los procesos de generación de conocimientos y aprendizajes en las instituciones académicas de la región desde el siglo XV. Los diagnósticos recientes de infraestructura,  internacionales y regionales, indican que las repercusiones de las CTIC en la academia constituyen un proceso social que apenas comienza. Sin embargo, en menos de una década se han promocionado prácticas sociales alternativas –libres– a las tradicionales que podrían contribuir a la transformación de normas, valores y procesos.
PENGARUH SUCTION DAN POSISI SEMI FOWLER TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SATURASI OKSIGEN PADA PASIEN YANG TERPASANG ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
Authors: Dewi Silfiah  , Hariza Pertiwi  , Widanarti Setyaningsih
Published: August 2022

Intensive care unit (ICU) merupakan bagian pelayanan dengan staf khusus dan perlengkapan khusus ditunjukan untuk pasien yang menderita penyakit, cedera atau penyulit-penyulit yang mengancam nyawa. Tindakan suction sering dilakukan pada pasien ICU, tujuannya adalah meningkatkan saturasi oksigen pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suction dan posisi semi fowler terhadap perubahan saturasi oksigen pada pasien yang terpasang endotracheal tube di ICU Rumah Sakit OMNI Alam Sutera. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan eksperimen dengan pre dan post test, sampel penelitian adalah seluruh pasien di ruang ICU Rumah Sakit OMNI Alam Sutera pada periode 01 Desember 2019 s.d. 30 Januari 2020 sebanyak 32 orang. Alat penelitian adalah lembar observasi saturasi oksigen. Analisa data berupa analisa univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata (mean) saturasi oksigen sebelum tindakan sebesar 92,72%, rata-rata (mean) saturasi oksigen setelah tindakan sebesar 98,44%. Ada pengaruh suction dan posisi semi fowler terhadap perubahan saturasi oksigen pada pasien yang terpasang endotracheal tube di ICU Rumah Sakit Omni Alam Sutra, dengan nilai p: 0,000 (<0,05). Perawat dapat melakukan tindakan suction dan pemberian posisi semi fowler pada pasien dengan masalah penyerta pada system pernafasan, khususnya pasien dengan bersihan jalan nafas tidak efektif.
GAMBARAN ANEMIA, STATUS GIZI DAN POLA HIDUP PADA MAHASISWI KEBIDANAN TINGKAT AKHIR UNIVERSITAS BINAWAN
Authors: Sinta Andriyana  , Lubis Dinni
Published: August 2022

Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan yang menyebabkan penderitanya mengalami kelelahan, letih dan lesu sehingga akan berdampak pada kreativitas dan produktivitasnya. Anemia juga meningkatkan kerentanan penyakit pada saat dewasa serta melahirkan generasi yang bermasalah gizi.  Berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi anemia pada remaja sebesar 32 %, artinya 3-4 dari 10 remaja menderita anemia. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kebiasaan asupan gizi yang tidak optimal dan kurangnya aktifitas fisik. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kejadian anemia, status gizi dan pola hidup pada mahasiswi Kebidanan Tingkat Akhir Universitas Binawan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Universitas Binawan pada bulan Agustus-September dengan jumlah sampel 50 responden. Istrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian  didapatkan bahwa mayoritas responden berada pada kategori anemia sebanyak 38 responden (76%) masuk kedalam anemia ringan dan sedang. dan minoritas berada pada kategori tidak anemia sebesar 12 responden (24%). Dari status gizi didapatkan mayoritas responden berada pada kategori status gizi kurang baik sebesar  29 (58%). Anemia dan status gizi merupakan hal penting yang menjadi salah satu indicator terhadap kesehatan remaja. Maka untuk itu remaja harus melakukan pemeriksaan rutin kadar Hb sebagai upaya deteksi dini kejadian anemia pada remaja serta menjaga asupan nutrisi yang seimbang, karena remaja puteri merupakan calon ibu yang akan melahirkan penerus generasi.