bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical Ripasudil as First Line Treatment for Ocular Hypertension in Uveitis Cases: AnAnalytic Study
Authors: NagpaL Harvinder , Kaur Mandeep
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Uveitis can directly or indirectly lead to ocular hypertension which can lead to glaucoma. Ripasudil has a different mechanism of action than other anti-glaucoma medications available commercially and in contrary to these drugs, ripasudil also has anti-inflammatory properties providing an upper edge over other intraocular pressure lowering drugs. In addition to primary glaucoma, these new Rho kinase associated inhibitors can provide satisfactory results in glaucoma with secondary pathologies. Aim: To study the role of ripasudil as first line treatment for ocular hypertension in uveitis cases. Materials and Methods: A prospective randomised study comprising 40 patients of Ocular Hypertension (OHT) associated with uveitis was conducted in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Ophthalmology at a tertiary care hospital in North India from October 2020 to January 2021. The diagnosis of uveitis was made clinically with detailed medical history and slit lamp biomicroscopic examination. All the diagnosed patients were started with topical ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate 0.4% eye drops twice daily along with anti-inflammatory medications. Intraocular Presure (IOP) was recorded after 4 weeks and 12 weeks at 8 am, 10 am and 4 pm. Effectiveness of the drugs was calculated in terms of mmHg fall in mean intraocular pressure using t-test and p-values. Results: Out of 40 patients with uveitis associated OHT, 20caseswere inflammation related (mean age was 56.2±16.3years,13 males, 7 females) and 20 cases were categorised as corticosteroid induced (mean age was 58.9±15.69 years, 14 males, 6 females). At 12 weeks there was 5.67±0.59 mmHg fall in IOP (22.70%) in inflammation related OHT and there was 6.37±0.07 mmHg fall in IOP (25.34%) in corticosteroid related OHT. There was statistically significant fall in IOP (p-value=0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that topical ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate 0.4% eye drops is effective in lowering the IOP, also there were no side effects, so it is safe and well-tolerated. So, ripasudil can provide a safe and effective alternative for lowering of IOP among uveitis related OHT.
Biochemical Composition of Two Zinziberaceae: Ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Authors: Christine Ekissi Alice , André Dago Gnahé , Benjamin Kouame Kan , Maxwell Beugre Grah Avit , Séraphin Kati-Coulibaly
Published: June 2021

The objective of this work is to analyze the biochemical parameters of Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Curcuma Longa (turmeric) found in the locality of Daloa. The samples were purchased in the markets of Daloa. The dry matter, ash and lipid contents were determined by the AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) method. Those of proteins, total sugars, reducing sugars were carried out respectively by the methods of Kjeldahl, Bernfeld and Dubois. A phytochemical study was done by Evans method. The contents of total flavonoids and total polyphenols were determined respectively according to the methods of Wood and Marinova. It emerges from the analyzes that the contents of dry matter (27.66 ± 0.06%), total sugars (31.25 ± 0.6 mg / g) and fibers (8.21 ± 0.01%) are higher in ginger than in turmeric. The lipid contents of the two species are less than 8%. The results also reveal the presence of tannins, saponins, polyphenols, alkaloids and flavonoids. Ginger has a high content of total polyphenols (53.55 ± 0.45 mg EAG / g) than turmeric (35.25 ± 0.52 mg EAG / g). However, the flavonoid values ​​are high in turmeric (92.52 ± 0.54 µg EQ / g) than ginger (86.27 ± 0.62 µg EQ / g). Both turmeric have revealed that ginger and turmeric are low in fat, reducing sugars, and high in fiber and polyphenols. Both rhizomes have the same protein content. The presence of secondary metabolites in the rhizomes of ginger and turmeric justifies the therapeutic importance of these two plants, hence the importance of consuming them to take full advantage of the beneficial effects of its active ingredients. However, the compounds vary from species to species.
Strategies to Enhance Adherence to Participatory Village Land use Plans in Ulanga District in Tanzania
Authors: Naiposha M. N. , Nzunda E. F.
Published: June 2021

Land use plans have been considered as a solution to land use problems. Effectiveness of implementation of land use plan relies on a number of factors including strategies that are used to enhance adherence to the land use plan. For the study area, current and potential strategies to enhance adherence to land use plans had previously not been assessed. Thus this study assessed current and potential strategies used to enhance adherence to participatory village land use plans in Ulanga District, Tanzania. Data were collected through household survey of 120 respondents from two villages, key informants interviews, focus group discussions, field observation, review of guidelines for land use planning, village and use plans, district land use framework, books and journals. Information from household survey and village records were descriptively analysed to obtain frequencies and percentages. Information from key informants and focus groups was analysed by content analysis. Current strategies used included by-laws, boundary demarcation, zoning, community action plan, and conflict resolution. The current strategies were ineffectively implemented and enforced due to inadequate awareness, inadequate fines and penalties, funding limitations, weak governance and inefficient coordination and monitoring. Potential strategies that should be implemented include education, awareness raising, capacity building and benefit sharing.
Application of Food Additives in the Fisheries Processed Products Development
Authors: Junianto . , Sandria Fery , Dini Fildzah Zata , Fadilla Feby Nurul
Published: June 2021

The purpose of writing this article is to examine throughout searching articles and other literature on the types and classifications of food additives, the development of processed fishery products, and the application of food additives in processed fishery products. Based on search results from various articles and other literature it can be concluded that the classification of Food Additives according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 722 / Menkes / Per / IX / 88 [1] are as follows: dyes, artificial sweeteners, preservatives, antioxidants, anti-stick, flavor and aroma, acidity regulators, bleach or flour, emulsifiers, stabilizers and thickeners, hardeners and sequestrants. Fishery products can be developed to increase added value and zero waste.
Fish Bone Gelatin
Authors: Junianto . , Misbahul Azmi , Azzahra Haya Yumna , Taqiyyuddiin Nabhaan
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this review article is to examine the method of making gelatin, the characteristics of gelatin from the results of research that has been carried out in Indonesia and the benefits of fish gelatin. Based on a review of various articles and other literature, it can be concluded that fish bone gelatin can be extracted by the acid method. The production of fishbone gelatin consists of 4 stages, the preparation of raw materials includes removal of non-collagen components from raw materials, conversion of collagen to gelatin, purification of gelatin by filtering and finally drying and powdering. Fishbone gelatin can be applied to both the food and non-food industries.
The Contribution of Fisheries Sector in Regional Development of Cirebon Regency of West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Harsen Faris , Rizal Achmad , Syamsudin Mega Laksmini , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka
Published: June 2021

This research aims to analyze the contribution of the fisheries sector to Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), analyze the extent to which market demand is related to fishery sector products, and analyze the strength of the fisheries sector base and non-base sectors in regional development in Cirebon Regency. The method used in this research is quantitative method using secondary time series data, which is then analyzed using descriptive statistics, as well as qualitative methods using primary data obtained through direct interviews with parties involved in the fisheries sector and distributing questionnaires via google form. to the people of Cirebon Regency. The data analysis used is growth index analysis, Shift Share (SS) analysis, Trade Area Capture (TAC) analysis, Pull Factor (PF) analysis, and Location Quotient (LQ) analysis. The results of the growth index analysis show that the GRDP of the fisheries sector in Cirebon Regency has increased by 77.22% in the 2013-2019 periods. The results of the Shift Share (SS) analysis show that the contribution of the fisheries sector to the GRDP of Cirebon Regency is 10.02%. The results of the 2013-2019 TAC analysis show that the value of TAC > total population means that Cirebon Regency can capture trade opportunities in fishery products from other regions. The PF value of the fisheries sector in Cirebon Regency is > 1, which means that Cirebon Regency can attract customers from other regions and has a specialization in the fishery product market. And the results of the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis show a value of 2.75 (> 1), which means that the Cirebon Regency fishery sector is an economic base sector that can meet the needs of fishery products in its region and can export out of other regions. Regional development in Cirebon Regency can be maximized by increasing development in the fisheries sector as a base sector by making the fisheries sector one of the priorities for regional development investment.
Topological Indices of Some New Graph Operations and Their Possible Applications
Authors: Alameri Abdu Qaid Saif , Al-Sharafi Mohammed Saad Yahya
Published: June 2021

A chemical graph theory is a fascinating branch of graph theory which has many applications related to chemistry. A topological index is a real number related to a graph, as its considered a structural invariant. It’s found that there is a strong correlation between the properties of chemical compounds and their topological indices. In this paper, we introduce some new graph operations for the first Zagreb index, second Zagreb index and forgotten index "F-index". Furthermore, it was found some possible applications on some new graph operations such as roperties of molecular graphs that resulted by alkanes or cyclic alkanes.
The Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Genus Hibiscus: A Review
Authors: Kapoor Manish , Kaur Gurdeep , Kaur Navneet , Sharma Chanchal , Batra Kajal , Singh Davinderpal
Published: June 2021

The genus Hibiscus belongs to the mallow family, Malvaceae comprising of about 275 species growing in tropical and sub tropical areas. The various species of genus Hibiscus have been used as traditional medicine all over the world. There are numerous reports of their traditional medicinal uses in various countries like India, Nigeria, China, and Srilanka etc. to cure various ailments such as hypertension, cardiac diseases, stomach-ache, urine problems, skin diseases and many more. Based on the historical knowledge, various pharmacological and phytochemical studies on some species of the genus Hibiscus have been done. Nevertheless, there are no up-to-date articles published which can provide an overview of pharmacological effects of the genus Hibiscus. Therefore, the main objective of the review article is to provide a systematic comprehensive summary of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Hibiscus and to build up a correlation between its traditional ethano-botanical uses and pharmacological activities so as to find some advanced research opportunities in this field. The given information on the ethano-botanical uses, phytoconstituents and various medicinal properties of the genus Hibiscus was gathered from the online scientific databases through search in Google, Google Scholar, Science Direct, NCBI, Pubmed, Springer Link, Research Gate by using some keywords as. Besides these websites other published literature and unpublished Ph.D. thesis and M.Sc. dissertation were also consulted. Previously conducted research revealed that the genus contains good amount of phytoconstituents such as antioxidants, phytosterols, saponins, lignin, essential oils, glycosides, and anthocyanins etc. Presence of these bioactive compounds in the crude extracts of the plants make it suitable for various medicinal properties like anti inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-proliferative, anti-ulcer, hypersensitive, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and many more. Additionally, this review article showed that mainly two species of the genus i.e. H. rosa-sinensis and H. sabdariffa have been explored for their pharmacological activities. There are few reports on some other species like H. tiliaceous, H. microanthus, H. asper, H. acetosella. This review highlights the medicinal potential of the plant Hibiscus due to its unique blend of phytochemicals. These phytoconstituents can be further assessed and subjected to clinical trials for their proper validations. Although large amount of the data regarding pharmacological effects has already been added to the existing reservoir but still potential of certain species like H. radiatus, H. hirtus, H. moschetous, H. trionum and many more is not yet unveiled and can be considered as future prospects that need to be worked out. 

Graphical Abstract:
Loss Assessment of Stored Maize at Different Storage Durations and Maize Weevil Densities
Authors: Jallow Mamudou , Pitan Olufemi O. R.
Published: June 2021

Aims: The extent of stored grain losses depends on varieties and duration of storage, and  most of the quantitative losses are attributed to insect pest infestations. The study was  conducted to determine the damage caused by Sitophilus zeamais on maize stored at different durations.

Methodology: Sitophilus zeamais at four varying population densities (5, 10, 15, 20 adults) and four storage durations (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) reared on 200 g sample of Jeka maize variety was kept in glass jars covered with muslin cloth in a 4 x 4 factorial fitted in a completely ramdomised design with four replicates at room temperature for 120 days.

Results: Weight loss, seed damage and weight of dust caused by S. zeamais on maize seeds at 5-insect and 20-insect levels were statistically similar at 30 and 120 days but show  significant difference at 60 days after storage. Sitophilus zeamais population continued  to grow exponentially on maize grains after 120 days of storage, indicating that  factors are not limiting, thereby causing significant losses to stored grains. Temperature and relative humidity were found to affect insect population growth positively (r = 0.73 and r = 0.70, respectively).

Conclusion: The study concluded that S. zeamais, which is a major pest in The Gambia, in the absence of control measures at any number of infestations greater than 5 weevils could result to severe damage to stored seeds.
Non Pharmacological Interventions to Manage Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF) - An Overview
Authors: Shambhavi . , Lobo Diana
Published: June 2021

Fatigue is almost a common problem often reported by the cancer patients that severely affects all aspects of quality of life. Prevalence of cancer related fatigue ranges from 50% to 90% of cancer patients overall. After addressing treatable contributing factors, such as hypothyroidism, anemia, insomnia, pain, emotional distress, medication adverse effects, metabolic disturbances, or organ dysfunction such as heart failure, myopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis, patients may be screened with a short fatigue assessment tool. There is a pressure for pharmacologic therapy to shift away from reliance on opioids and ineffective procedures toward comprehensive cancer related fatigue (CRF) management that includes evidence-based nonpharmacologic options. This review details the magnitude of the current CRF problem including its impact on quality of life as well as the challenges of CRF management for patients and a healthcare workforce engaging prevalent strategies not entirely based in current evidence. Transforming the current system of CRF care to a responsive comprehensive model necessitates those options for treatment and collaborative care must be evidence-based and include effective nonpharmacologic strategies that have the advantage of reduced risks of adverse events and addiction liability. Patients with cancer related fatigue may benefit from self-administrable nonpharmacological interventions without any side effects. Health care personnel often have insufficient knowledge about fatigue and its treatments or underestimate the impact of fatigue on quality of life. A practical review may be useful to health care professionals in order to identify the cancer related fatigue during the early period of cancer process and treat it effectively to improve the quality of life which contribute to the positive outcomes in cancer clients. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to analyze the possible nonpharmacological approach to manage cancer related fatigue and recommend future research that will clarify these approaches and facilitate the formulation of new treatment options.
Differences in Surgical Outcome in Near Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Nodular Goiter: A Comparison of LigaSure Vessel Sealer versus Conventional Clamp Knot Tie Technique
Authors: Shaikh Shiraz , Sushel Champa , Laghari Ahsan Ali , Laghari Qamber Ali , Laghari Zameer Hussain , Memon Aisha
Published: June 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy of LigaSure Vessel Sealer in Near Total Thyroidectomy versus Conventional Clamp Knot Tie Technique in terms of bleeding, operative time and postoperative drainage.

Methodology: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Study duration was one year from November 2019 to October 2020. All patients of any age with benign multinodular goiter and either of gender were included. The study subjects were grouped into two categories by randomization (odd / even). The odd numbers were given to patients operated for ligasure and even numbers were given to patients operated with conventional clamp knot tie technique.  Outcomes were observed with respect to post-operative calcium level, intra-operative bleeding, operative time, post-operative pain & post-operative hospital stay. All the data was recorded via study proforma. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.

Results: Total 55 patients were observed. Mean age was 33.25±10.60 years in clamp knot tie procedure group and 35.16±07.96 years in ligasure technique group; without significant difference (p-0.448). Pre and post-operative calcium levels were statistically insignificant among both groups (p-0.358 and 0.163), while loss of blood, hospital stay, post-operative pain and operative duration were significantly greater in clamp knot tie technique group in comparison to ligasure technique group (p-<0.001).

Conclusion: LigaSure Vessel Sealer is a feasible and reliable surgical technique and significantly more effective as compared to conventional clamp knot tie technique in terms of post-operative bleeding, operative time, post-operative pain and post-operative hospital stay. However, calcium level was statistically insignificant.
Contraceptive use among Young Adults in Zimbabwe, Questionnaire Study
Authors: Manyange Lianora , Mucheri Tolbert , Nyoni Thabani , Makunika Norman , Mose Naftaly
Published: June 2021

Adolescents face several challenges where ASRH issues are concerned. One of these issues is the low uptake of HIV prevention services especially those in high-density urban townships who are prone to several factors that hinder their access to HIV prevention services. This study sought to highlight the prevalence of HIV prevention methods use among adolescents and factors that determine their accessibility in Dzivarasekwa and Tynwald Districts. A total of 500 questionnaires were administered to adolescents aged 15-19 years to collect quantitative data. The study also conducted 10 Focus group discussions and 20 Key informant interviews to solicit qualitative data. The findings showed that, though a level of prevention was observed, a significant number of adolescents were engaging in sexual activities. Adolescents were aware of most HIV prevention methods: however, their knowledge was not being translated into the utilization of these methods. Recommendations were also offered to serve on how HIV prevention services uptake can be improved amongst adolescents.
Soil CO2 evolution is driven by forage species, soil moisture, grazing pressure, poultry litter fertilization, and seasonality in silvopastures
Authors: Adams Taylor , Ashworth Amanda J. , Sauer Thomas
Published: June 2021

Carbon cycling is a highly complex yet critical process, especially in silvopastures, which have multiple pools with the ability to store large amounts of C. However, it is largely unknown how site‐specific variables, including edaphic factors, vegetation type, topography, and management, affect soil CO2 flux in silvopastures. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate CO2 fluxes in a silvopastoral system as affected by soil moisture (udic and aquic), forage species (C4; native grass mix and orchardgrass [C3; Dactylis glomerata L.]), fertilization (poultry litter and a control), and grazing pressure (grazed and ungrazed). Temperature and volumetric water content (VWC) were measured simultaneous with flux measurements during summer grazing in 2018 and 2019. Averaged across years, fluxes were at least 20% greater (P ≤ .05) in the native mix fertilized with poultry litter than in the unfertilized native mix and fertilized or unfertilized orchardgrass, likely owing to increased microbial diversity activity in the rhizosphere of poultry litter‐amended native grass species. Across years, CO2 flux was 7% greater (P ≤ .05) in the fertilized ungrazed areas and 7% lower (P ≤ .05) in the unfertilized ungrazed areas, respectively, compared with both fertilized grazed and unfertilized grazed areas. Carbon dioxide flux was correlated (P ≤ .05) with sampling date, soil temperature, and VWC. Study results improve the understanding of C dynamics in complex silvopasture systems and may assist producers in their selection of forage species and nutrient sources when designing silvopastoral systems for enhanced regional sustainability.
Soil health changes following transition from an annual cropping to perennial management‐intensive grazing agroecosystem
Authors: Shawver Casey J. , Ippolito James A. , Brummer Joe E. , Ahola Jason K. , Rhoades Ryan D.
Published: June 2021

Management‐intensive grazing (MiG) on irrigated, perennial pastures has steadily increased in the western United States due to pressure for reducing public lands grazing, overall declining land available for pasture, and decreasing commodity prices. However, there are still many unknowns regarding MiG and its environmental impact, especially with regards to soil health. Over a 2‐yr period, a study evaluating the change in soil health under a full‐scale, 82‐ha pivot‐irrigated perennial pasture system grazed with ∼230 animal units (AUs) using MiG. Soil analysis included 11 soil characteristics aggregated into the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF), which outputs results for soil biological, physical, nutrient, chemical, and overall soil health indices (SHIs). Over time, positive impacts were observed in the chemical and biological SHI due to decreases in salt content and increases in microbial and enzymatic activities. Soil organic C (SOC) remained unchanged, yet positive biological SHI changes are potential precursors to future SOC increases. The chemical and nutrient SHI increased in the soil surface due to reductions in salt content in conjunction with increased plant‐available soil P, as a result of salt leaching via irrigation and pre‐study inorganic P fertilizer application in conjunction with manure deposition due to MiG, respectively. Finally, a negative impact was also observed in the physical SHI, driven primarily by increasing bulk density due to hoof pressure from cattle grazing. If managed correctly, compaction issues can be avoided, with MiG systems having potential success in supporting grazing while promoting soil health for environmental and economic sustainability.
H2SO4‐catalyzed isobutane alkylation under low temperatures promoted by long‐alkyl‐chain surfactant additives
Authors: Zheng Weizhong , Wang Zhen , Sun Weizhen , Zhao Ling , Qian Feng
Published: June 2021

To deeply understand the role of surfactants on the acid/C4 hydrocarbon miscibility, the catalytic activity and molecular‐level interfacial properties of long‐alkyl‐chain cationic surfactants (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, CATB and dihexadecyldimethylammoniumchloride, DDAB) and anionic one (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, SDBS) were studied as additives for H2SO4 alkylation using experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Surfactant additives are found to efficiently decrease by‐products and promote higher selectivity of trimethylpentanes (TMPs) and higher research octane number (RON), which is attributed to the improvement of acid/hydrocarbons interface, including better interfacial dispersion, higher I/O ratio, and lower interfacial tension. Surfactant additives show an interfacial intensification, quite different from intrinsic reaction intensification by low temperature. Combination of SDBS additive and lower temperature contributes to significantly higher TMP selectivity and higher RON up to 84.20 wt% and 99.07 at 269.2 K from 60.21 wt% and 94.34 at 281.2 K, respectively. The information provides good reference for the industrial H2SO4 alkylation.
Biocompatible graphene‐embedded PCL/PGS‐based nanofibrous scaffolds: A potential application for cardiac tissue regeneration
Authors: Fakhrali Aref , Nasari Mina , Poursharifi Nazanin , Semnani Dariush , Salehi Hossein , Ghane Mohammad , Mohammadi Sajjad
Published: June 2021

Research in the field of tissue engineering, especially heart tissue engineering, is growing rapidly. Herein, the morphological, chemical, mechanical and biological properties of poly (caprolactone) (PCL)/poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and PCL/PGS/graphene nanofibrous scaffolds are investigated. Initially, PGS pre‐polymer is synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. Then, in order to use the benefits of PGS, this polymer is mixed with PCL. Blending PGS with PCL resulted in the enhancement of ultimate elongation and reduction in the elastic modulus due to the intrinsic properties of PGS. The hydrophobicity of PCL nanofibers is reduced by adding PGS as hydrophilic polymer (105 ± 3° vs. 44 ± 2°). Also, the addition of graphene to the blend nanofibers is balanced the hydrophilicity. Degradation rate of pure PCL nanofibers is very slow but it is increased in the presence of PGS. All nanofibrous scaffolds are biocompatible and non‐toxic. The highest cell adhesion (covered area = 0.916 ± 0.032) and biocompatibility (98.79 ± 1%) are related to PCL/PGS loaded with 1% wt of graphene (PCL/PGS/graphene 1). Thus, this sample can be a good candidate for further examinations of cardiac tissue engineering.
In situ sintered silver decorated 3D structure of cellulose scaffold for highly thermoconductive electromagnetic interference shielding epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Tran Thi Tuong Vi , Vo Dai‐Viet N. , Nguyen Son Thanh , Luu Son D. N. , Mofijur M. , Vu Canh Minh
Published: June 2021

This study presents a 3‐dimensional (3D) network structure of cellulose scaffold (CS), which was in situ decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The scaffold was then infiltrated with epoxy matrix and cured at elevated temperature to sinter the AgNPs; finally, highly thermoconductive epoxy composites (Ag@CS/epoxy) was obtained. The resultant Ag@CS20/epoxy composite reached a thermal conductivity of 2.52 W·m−1·K−1 at 2.2 vol% of filler loading, which shows an enhancement of over 11‐folds in the thermal conductivity compared to the neat epoxy. The superb electrical conductivity value of over 53,691 S·m−1 of the Ag@CS20/epoxy was achieved, which led to exceptional EMI SE values of 69.1 dB. Furthermore, surface temperatures during heating and cooling were also investigated to demonstrate the superior heat dissipating capacity of the Ag@CS/epoxy composite, which can be potentially put an application as thermal dissipating material in the next generation of electronics.
Structural description of self‐reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Ries Angela
Published: June 2021

Self‐reinforced polypropylene composites (SR‐PP) possess an exceptional property spectrum and are predestined for use in a multitude of structural or semi‐structural applications. However, the underlying macromolecular orientation can only be transferred into the layered composites consolidated out of highly stretched fibres and tapes of semi‐finished textile products. Specific preservation of the self‐reinforcement throughout processing and beyond is necessary and creates special challenges for processing technology. Depending on the processing temperatures and pressures selected, the highly oriented fibres and tapes are influenced by their own degree of self‐reinforcement, which, in turn, affects the microstructure and remaining composite properties. In this publication, three different semi‐finished textile products are introduced as basic materials. Exemplary selected test samples, which display a low degree of compaction on the one hand and a high degree of compaction on the other, were subject to wet chemical etching to enable confocal laser scanning microscopic images to be created. These images were then used to compare the microstructures of the semi‐finished textile products that were used.
Localization of Bmi1 in osteoblast‐lineage cells during endochondral ossification
Authors: Takebe Hiroaki , Irie Kazuharu , Hosoya Akihiro
Published: June 2021

Encoded by B cell–specific moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1, Bmi1 is part of the polycomb group of proteins localized in stem and undifferentiated cells. It regulates the expression of various differentiation genes. However, the regulatory mechanism of skeletal development by Bmi1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to observe Bmi1 distribution during endochondral ossification processes in rat bone development and fracture healing. Immunoreactivity of Bmi1 was detected in the mesenchymal cell aggregation area at embryonic day (E) 14 and in cells around the center of cartilage primordium at E 16. Subsequently, the calcified bone matrix was formed around the cartilage primordium, and osteoblasts expressing Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix (Osx) showed immunopositivity for Bmi1. At 4 days after bone fracture, the connective tissue around the fractured bone contained Bmi1‐positive cells. At 42 days after fracture, osteoblasts along the surface of the new bone revealed Bmi1‐, Runx2‐ and Osx‐positive reactions, but the Bmi1 immunoreactivity in osteocytes was less than the Runx2 and Osx immunoreactivities. In conclusion, Bmi1 is localized in the osteoblast‐lineage cells in their early differentiation stages, and it might regulate their differentiation during endochondral ossification.
Exposure therapy for youth with comorbid ADHD: Challenges and solutions
Authors: Cain Grace , Herren Jennifer , Freeman Jennifer
Published: June 2021

Exposure‐based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the gold standard of treatment for both anxiety disorders and Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder (OCD). During exposure therapy, patients gradually confront and closely attend to feared stimuli while resisting safety behaviors or compulsions.
A humble approach to address disparities in healthcare
Authors: Hajirnis Aditi V.
Published: June 2021

The United States has seen remarkable growth in cultural diversity over the past few decades, with its population becoming increasingly multiracial and multicultural. The population of minority groups has increased at a much faster rate even among children and youth. At the same time, minority youth face increasing disparities in their mental health and in access to mental health services. These disparities have been further aggravated by the lack of culturally competent services that can address their specific mental health needs within the context of their culture, family, and community.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2021

Treating OCD with CBT over the internet

The opening up of federal research on cannabis

Lack of data on alcohol marketing during the pandemic
Trauma‐informed care, schools, and mental health professionals
Authors: Walters Anne S.
Published: June 2021

The prevalence of exposure to trauma and its link to negative health outcomes has been well‐documented. Beginning with the first adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) study by Felitti et al. (1998), we have learned that childhood trauma is both common and significantly related to behavioral and learning issues in school, as well as a host of other poor behavioral and physical health outcomes, and often ultimately school failure.
Photodegradation‐Induced Turn‐On Luminescence of Tetraphenylethylene‐Based Trithiocarbonate Polymers†
Authors: Shen Hanchen , Wu Wenjie , Liu Shunjie , Zhang Jing , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusion

Fluorescent intelligent materials have attracted wide attention because of their great potential applications. One major hurdle for the development and application of fluorescent intelligent materials is the aggregation‐caused quenching effect in the solid state. Herein, tetraphenylethylene‐based trithiocarbonate polymers with satisfactory molecular weights (Mw up to 24900) were synthesized through a one‐pot polymerization route under mild conditions. The polymers were non‐emissive due to the quenching effect of the trithiocarbonate group. However, upon UV irradiation, the polymers degraded and strong emission from the tetraphenylethylene unit was observed. Such a unique property endows them with great potential applications, such as photopatterning, anti‐counterfeit labels, and UV detection.
Conversion of HDPE into Value Products by Fast Pyrolysis Using FCC Spent Catalysts in a Fountain Confined Conical Spouted Bed Reactor
Authors: Orozco Santiago , Artetxe Maite , Lopez Gartzen , Suarez Mayra , Bilbao Javier , Olazar Martin
Published: June 2021

Continuous catalytic cracking of polyethylene over a spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst was studied in a conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR) with fountain confiner and draft tube. The effect of temperature (475–600 °C) and space‐time (7–45 gcat min gHDPE−1) on product distribution was analyzed. The CSBR allows operating with continuous plastic feed without defluidization problems and is especially suitable for catalytic pyrolysis with high catalyst efficiency. Thus, high catalyst activity was observed, with waxes yield being negligible above 550 °C. The main product fraction obtained in the catalytic cracking was made up of C5−C11 hydrocarbons, with olefins being the main components. However, its yield decreased as temperature and residence time were increased, which was due to reactions involving cracking, hydrogen transfer, cyclization, and aromatization, leading to light hydrocarbons, paraffins, and aromatics. The proposed strategy is of great environmental relevance, as plastics are recycled using an industrial waste (spent FCC catalyst).
MiR‐221‐3p and miR‐92a‐3p enhances smoking‐induced inflammation in COPD
Authors: Shen Yahui , Lu Huiyu , Song Guixian
Published: June 2021

Background

Smoking is likely to facilitate airway inflammation and finally contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This investigation was intended to elucidate miRNAs that were involved in smoking‐induced COPD.

Methods

Altogether 155 COPD patients and 77 healthy volunteers were recruited, and their serum levels of miR‐221‐3p and miR‐92a‐3p were determined. Besides, human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBECs) were purchased, and they were treated by varying concentrations of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The 16HBECs were, additionally, transfected by miR‐221‐3p mimic, miR‐92a‐3p mimic, miR‐221‐3p inhibitor or miR‐92a‐3p inhibitor, and cytokines released by them, including TNF‐α, IL‐8, IL‐1β, and TGF‐β1, were monitored using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.

Results

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients possessed higher serum levels of miR‐221‐3p and miR‐92a‐3p than healthy volunteers (p < 0.05), and both miR‐221‐3p and miR‐92a‐3p were effective biomarkers in diagnosing stable COPD from acute exacerbation COPD. Moreover, viability of 16HBECs was undermined by CSE treatment (p < 0.05), and exposure to CSE facilitated 16HBECs’ release of TNF‐α, IL‐8, IL‐1β, and TGF‐β1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, miR‐221‐3p/miR‐92a‐3p expression in 16HBECs was significantly suppressed after transfection of miR‐221‐3p/miR‐92a‐3p inhibitor (p < 0.05), which abated CSE‐triggered increase in cytokine production and decline in viability of 16HBECs (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

MiR‐221‐3p and miR‐92a‐3p were involved in CSE‐induced hyperinflammation of COPD, suggesting that they were favorable alternatives in diagnosing COPD patients with smoking history.
Real-WorldClinical Outcomes in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma Treated in U.S. Oncology Clinical Practices: Results fromSPEAR-Merkel
Authors: Bhanegaonkar Abhijeet , Liu Frank X. , Boyd Marley , Fulcher Nicole , Kim Ruth , Krulewicz Stan , Smith Jodi , Cowey C. Lance
Published: June 2021

Background

Immunotherapy (IO) has been associated with improved outcomes in patients with locally advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (laMCC) and metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (mMCC). The primary objective of SPEAR-Merkel was to explore treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and health care resource utilization (HCRU) in patients with laMCC or mMCC initiating first-line (1L) treatment with avelumab, non-avelumab IO, or chemotherapy in a U.S. community oncology setting.

Methods

Adult patients with laMCC or mMCC initiating 1L avelumab, non-avelumab IO, or chemotherapy from January 1, 2015, to March 31, 2019, were identified from the U.S. Oncology Network electronic health care record database and followed up through September 30, 2019. Baseline characteristics and HCRU were analyzed descriptively, including physician-stated overall response rate in the real-world clinical setting. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to measure duration of response, real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results

Among the overall population (n = 94), 28 received 1L avelumab (9 laMCC, 19 mMCC), 26 received 1L non-avelumab IO (8 laMCC, 18 mMCC), and 40 received 1L chemotherapy (10 laMCC, 30 mMCC). The real-world overall response rate was 64.3%, 61.5%, and 42.5%, respectively. From 1L treatment initiation, median rwPFS was 11.4, 8.1, and 6.1 months, and median OS was 20.2 months, not reached, and 14.7 months for the respective cohorts.

Conclusion

SPEAR-Merkel showed that patients with laMCC or mMCC treated with IO had improved outcomes compared with chemotherapy in clinical practice. The study provides insight on utilization and clinical outcomes associated with newer, more innovative therapies in clinical practice, which may help clinicians understand the variety of newer treatment options for both laMCC and mMCC.

Implications for Practice

To the authors’ knowledge, SPEAR-Merkel is the first study to evaluate real-world clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (laMCC) and metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (mMCC) receiving first-line (1L) avelumab, non-avelumab immuno-oncology therapies, or chemotherapy in a real-world setting. SPEAR-Merkel showed clinical benefit for immuno-oncology therapies compared with chemotherapy. The study provides insight on uses and clinical outcomes associated with innovative therapies in clinical practice, which may help clinicians understand the variety of newer treatment options for both laMCC and mMCC. The study is of particular importance as it shows that chemotherapy is still being used as 1L treatment despite its inferior clinical and safety profile.
Demonstrating the vital role of physiatry throughout the health care continuum: Lessons learned from the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on graduate medical education
Authors: Gittler Michelle S. , Hamilton Rita G.
Published: June 2021

COVID White Paper Series
Demonstrating the vital role of physiatry throughout the health care continuum: Lessons learned from the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on private practice musculoskeletal care
Authors: Desai Mehul J , Purcell Annie D
Published: June 2021

COVID White Paper Series
Demonstrating the vital role of physiatry throughout the health care continuum: Lessons learned from the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic from a national academy perspective
Authors: Stautzenbach Thomas E.
Published: June 2021

COVID White Paper Series
Monolingual and Bilingual Reading Processes in Russian: An Exploratory Scanpath Analysis
Authors: Parshina Olga , Sekerina Irina A. , Lopukhina Anastasiya , von der Malsburg Titus
Published: June 2021

In the present study, we used a scanpath approach to investigate reading processes and factors that can shape them in monolingual Russian‐speaking adults, 8‐year‐old children, and bilingual Russian‐speaking readers. We found that monolingual adults’ eye movement patterns exhibited a fluent scanpath reading process, representing effortless processing of the written material: They read straight from left to right at a fast pace, skipped words, and regressed rarely. Both high‐proficiency heritage‐language speakers’ and second graders’ eye movement patterns exhibited an intermediate scanpath reading process, characterized by a slower pace, longer fixations, an absence of word skipping, and short regressive saccades. Second‐language learners and low‐proficiency heritage‐language speakers exhibited a beginner reading process that involved the slowest pace, even longer fixations, no word skipping, and frequent rereading of the whole sentence and of particular words. We suggest that unlike intermediate readers who use the respective process to resolve local processing difficulties (e.g., word recognition failure), beginner readers, in addition, experience global‐level challenges in semantic and morphosyntactic information integration. Proficiency in Russian for heritage‐language speakers and comprehension scores for second‐language learners were the only individual difference factors predictive of the scanpath reading process adopted by bilingual speakers. Overall, the scanpath analysis revealed qualitative differences in scanpath reading processes among various groups of readers and thus adds a qualitative dimension to the conventional quantitative evaluation of word‐level eye‐tracking measures.
A Bayesian hierarchical monitoring design for phase II cancer clinical trials: Incorporating information on response duration into monitoring rules
Authors: Wang Jian , Ma Junsheng , Cai Chunyan , Daver Naval , Ning Jing
Published: June 2021

We propose a Bayesian hierarchical monitoring design for single‐arm phase II clinical trials of cancer treatments that incorporates the information on the duration of response (DOR) into the monitoring rules. To screen a new treatment by evaluating its preliminary therapeutic effect, futility monitoring rules are commonly used in phase II clinical trials to make “go/no‐go” decisions timely and efficiently. These futility monitoring rules are usually focused on a single outcome (eg, response rate), although a single outcome may not adequately determine the efficacy of the experimental treatment. For example, targeted agents with a long response duration but a similar response rate may be worth further evaluation in cancer research. To address this issue, we propose Bayesian hierarchical futility monitoring rules to consider both the response rate and duration. The first level of monitoring evaluates whether the response rate provides evidence that the experimental treatment is worthy of further evaluation. If the evidence from the response rate does not support continuing the trial, the second level monitoring rule, which is based on the DOR, will be triggered. If both stopping rules are satisfied, the trial will be stopped for futility. We conducted simulation studies to evaluate the operating characteristics of the proposed monitoring rules and compared them to those of standard method. We illustrated the proposed design with a single‐arm phase II cancer clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of combined treatment of nivolumab and azacitidine in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. The proposed design avoids an aggressive early termination for futility when the experimental treatment substantially prolongs the DOR but fails to improve the response rate.
Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung und die Agenda 2030
Authors: Koch Florian , Krellenberg Kerstin
Published: June 2021

In Kap. 2 wurden die Grundsätze der Agenda 2030 und die Rolle der Städte bei deren Umsetzung aufgezeigt. In diesem Kapitel wird nun speziell auf die nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung und den Stand der Umsetzung der SDGs auf städtischer Ebene eingegangen.
Axion strings are superconducting
Authors: Fukuda Hajime , Manohar Aneesh V. , Murayama Hitoshi , Telem Ofri
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We explore the cosmological consequences of the superconductivity of QCD axion strings. Axion strings can support a sizeable chiral electric current and charge density, which alters their early universe dynamics. We examine the possibility that shrinking axion string loops can become effectively stable remnants called vortons, supported by the repulsive electromagnetic force of the string current. We find that vortons in our scenario are generically unstable, and so do not pose a cosmological difficulty. Furthermore, if a primordial magnetic field (PMF) exists in the early universe, a large current is induced on axion strings, creating a significant drag force from interactions with the surrounding plasma. As a result, the strings are slowed down, which leads to an orders of magnitude enhancement in the number of strings per Hubble volume. Finally, we study potential implications for the QCD axion relic abundance. The QCD axion window is shifted by orders of magnitude in some parts of our parameter space.