bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Worldwide Movement
Authors: Neier Aryeh
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses organizations that are active in the field of human rights, which make distinctive contributions by focusing on abuses of rights in a particular country or locality. It describes how global organizations address violations of rights suffered by discrete segments of the population, such as gays and lesbians, indigenous peoples, women, members of racial, religious or ethnic minorities, or persons suffering from mental or physical disabilities. The chapter talks about Louis Henkin, a professor of law at Columbia University, who was long regarded as the preeminent American scholar in the human rights field. It mentions the Lawyers Committee, which enlisted hundreds of American lawyers to provide free legal representation to applicants for asylum in the United States in immigration proceedings. It also illustrates the Lawyers Committee's campaign that aid lawyers in other countries who were persecuted for defending human rights.
Going Forward
Authors: Neier Aryeh
Published: January 2021

This chapter traces the history of the international human rights movement back to the anti-slavery movement that took hold in England in the second half of the eighteenth century. It details how the anti-slavery movement was instrumental in securing the abolition of slavery in many countries. It also reviews ways in which the human rights cause became an important force in world affairs in the mid-to-late 1970s. The chapter looks into the favorable development in the recent years for human rights, such as the readiness of a number of leading business corporations to take stands on human rights issues. It also suggests that the progress in the human rights movement is to keep building the public constituency for rights, until the dynamic that resulted in significant improvements that that took place in the 1980s and 1990s is re-created.
Trade, Jobs, and Wages
Authors: Irwin Douglas A.
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on the most frequent argument in favour of limiting trade, which implies that jobs will be saved in industries that compete against imports. It explains how reducing trade saves jobs only by destroying jobs elsewhere in the economy. It analyzes the opponents of free trade that have argued that imports have replaced good, high-wage jobs with bad, low-wage jobs. The chapter contradicts critiques of free trade by arguing that jobs in industries that compete against imports have been largely low-skill, low-wage jobs. It also examines the extent to which trade with developing countries has contributed to the rise in inequality within the United States.
The Worldwide Instantiation of the University
Authors: Frank David John , Meyer John W.
Published: January 2021

This chapter describes the multi-dimensional expansion of the university, focusing especially on its accumulating numbers and global diffusion. It stresses the transcendence and universalism of the university at the global level. It also analyzes how university expansion is expected to occur earlier and more fully in the global core than in the global periphery, in democracies than in dictatorships, in the natural sciences than in the social sciences or humanities, and in world-class research universities more than local teaching colleges. The chapter highlights the university as a global institution and the global knowledge society that arises upon it. It examines the spread of universities around the world and studies local instances of a general model that is a central point to sociological neo-institutional theory.
Reflections on the Global Knowledge Society
Authors: Frank David John , Meyer John W.
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyzes the resultant model of a knowledge society dependent on the credentials and cultural content provided by the university. It describes universalistic rationalism as the defining characteristic of knowledge society, which is more than the differentiation theorists have sometimes imagined. It also reflects on the properties of a society that depends so heavily on a knowledge system that so often in the past seemed exotic and far removed from ordinary social experience. The chapter focuses on the nature of knowledge and conceptions of society as they are capitalized in knowledge society. It discusses the postwar dominance of a liberal order as an imagined image of a global society rooted in shared knowledge and massive schooling that has some properties of a binge.
Democratic Federalism
Authors: Inman Robert P. , Rubinfeld Daniel L.
Published: January 2021

This chapter addresses the two weaknesses of Democratic Federalism. First, how can we guarantee all minorities are represented in the legislature? Second, how can we control the national legislature's inclination to usurp all important dimensions of public policy? The chapter evaluates the contributions of three new national institutions: first, an upper chamber called the Senate, elected not from local districts but from geographically larger provinces or states; second, a nationally elected president with agenda and veto powers over legislative decisions; and third, an independent national court to interpret the ground rules for federal governance and, in particular, what constitutes meaningful local assignment and full representation of all citizens. In addition to these three constitutionally created institutions, it also considers the ability of national political parties, if they were to arise, to foster minority representation and to control an overreaching national legislature. Each of these four safeguards contributes positively to the performance of Democratic Federalism, but only if a majority of all citizens understands and support the ongoing contribution of these institutions to the goals of economic efficiency, democratic participation, and protection of rights.
Liberty
Authors: Shue Henry
Published: January 2021

This chapter evaluates the right conventionally most emphatically endorsed in North Atlantic theory: rights to liberties. Some liberties merit attention for many reasons, not the least of which is a strange convergence between supposed “friends” of liberty in the North Atlantic and rulers in the poorer countries who would share the emphasis on the priority of subsistence rights. Both groups have converged upon the “trade-off” thesis: subsistence can probably be enjoyed in poor countries only by means of “trade-offs” with liberties. This thesis might also be called the theory of reluctantly repressive development. The chapter shows that although the advocates of repressive development profess a strong commitment to the provision of subsistence, those theories of repressive development must be sharply distinguished from the theory of basic rights presented in this book. One of the several major differences is the place assigned here to at least some liberties, and the chapter indicates how fundamentally the same argument that establishes security rights and subsistence rights as basic rights also justifies the acknowledgement of at least certain political liberties and certain freedom of movement as equally basic. The basic liberties will turn out to include the liberty of participation.
Basic Rights and Climate Change (2020)
Authors: Shue Henry
Published: January 2021

This chapter addresses the greatest threat to basic rights in the twenty-first century: uncontrolled climate change. Climate change is a threat not only to widely acknowledged basic rights but also to all other rights, the protection of which depends on fulfillment of basic rights. The basic right to subsistence is obviously threatened by the global energy regime of fossil fuels. The most dangerous effects for humans of the combustion of fossil fuels come indirectly by way of the dynamics of rapid climate change and the effects of climate change on the fundamental interests that basic rights are intended to safeguard—on none more than on the food at the heart of subsistence. The chapter then highlights the danger that economic and political agreements made by others will make it impossible for ordinary people to provide such elements of subsistence for themselves by trapping them inside social structures that conflict with their fundamental interests. One might say that climate change is a threat that humanity is imposing upon itself.
Introduction
Authors: Shue Henry
Published: January 2021

This introductory chapter provides an overview of basic rights. The wisdom of a U.S. foreign policy that includes attention to “human rights” depends heavily upon which rights are in practice the focus of the attention. The major international documents on human rights include dozens of kinds of rights, often artificially divided into “civil and political” and “economic, social, and cultural” rights. U.S. foreign policy probably could not, and almost certainly should not, concern itself with the performance of other governments in honoring every one of these internationally recognized human rights. The policy must in practice assign priority to some rights over others. It is not entirely clear so far either which rights are receiving priority or which rights ought to receive priority in U.S. foreign policy. The purpose of this book is to present the reasons why the most fundamental core of the so-called “economic rights,” which can be called subsistence rights, ought to be among those that receive priority. The chapter then presents some divergent indications of what the priorities actually are.
Output Feedback of Uncertain Multi-Input Systems
Authors: Zhu Yang , Krstic Miroslav
Published: January 2021

This chapter evaluates output feedback of uncertain multi-input systems. Similar to the case of single-input delay, the result of multi-input delays obtained in the chapter is not global, as it does not believe the problem where the actuator state is not measurable and the delay value is unknown at the same time is solvable globally, since the problem is not linearly parameterized. In a practical sense, the stability result proven in the chapter is not a highly satisfactory result since it is local both in the initial state and in the initial parameter error. This means that the initial delay estimate needs to be sufficiently close to the true delay. Under such an assumption, one might as well use a linear controller and rely on robustness of the feedback law to small errors in the assumed delay value. Nevertheless, the chapter presents the local result here as it highlights quite clearly why a global result is not obtainable when both the delay value and the delay state are unavailable.
Output Feedback of Systems with Uncertain Delays, Parameters, and ODE State
Authors: Zhu Yang , Krstic Miroslav
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on output feedback of systems with uncertain delays, parameters, and ODE state. The previous chapter solved the problem of adaptive stabilization of multi-input LTI systems under the assumption that distinct discrete multiple actuator delays are long and unknown, and the actuator state in each input channel is unavailable for measurement. A local stabilization result is achieved. This chapter considers the more challenging case where uncertainties exist not only in the input delay and the PDE actuator state, but also appear in the ODE plant state and the parameters of the system and input matrices. To be specific, it addresses the uncertainty collections. Similar to the result in the previous chapter, when the actuator state is not measurable and the delay value is unknown at the same time, the result of multi-input delays obtained in this chapter is also not global.
Predictor Feedback of Uncertain Multi-Input Systems
Authors: Zhu Yang , Krstic Miroslav
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the predictor feedback for uncertain multi-input systems. This is based on the predictor feedback framework for uncertainty-free multi-input systems in the tenth chapter. The chapter addresses four combinations of the five uncertainties that come from a finite-dimensional multi-input linear system with distributed actuator delays. These uncertainties include the following types: unknown and distinct delays, unknown delay kernels, unknown system matrix, unmeasurable finite-dimensional plant state, and unmeasurable infinite-dimensional actuator state. The chapter then examines the adaptive state feedback under unknown as well as uncertain delays, delay kernels, and parameters. It also explores robust output feedback under unknown delays, delay kernels, and PDE or ODE states.
Introduction
Authors: Tignor Robert L.
Published: January 2021

This introduction provides an overview of W. Arthur Lewis's biography. Three considerations that surfaced so forcefully in the aftermath of the World War II—decolonization, race relations, and economic growth—were preeminent issues in the life of W. Arthur Lewis. As a person of color who grew up in an impoverished and largely ignored corner of the British Empire, he devoted much of his academic career and public life to elucidating these matters and promoting a vision of a decolonized, color-blind, and prosperous community of independent nations. Lewis's contributions to the field of development economics were significant and pioneering and made him the founding figure of a wholly new branch of economics in the 1950s. His 1954 article on economic development using unlimited supplies of labor, published in Manchester School, was arguably the single most influential essay in this field.
The West Indies, 1959–63
Authors: Tignor Robert L.
Published: January 2021

This chapter assesses how the major aspects of W. Arthur Lewis's public career came to a close, fittingly, in the West Indies, where he served as head of the University College of the West Indies between 1959 and 1963. Once he left the West Indies, moving on to become a professor of political economy at the Woodrow Wilson School of Princeton University, he concentrated on teaching and research, forsaking the heavy round of government consultancies and government offices that had been so characteristic of the first three decades of his career. In many respects the four-year stint in the West Indies was emblematic of his entire public career. Like the rest of the developing world, the islands of the British West Indies were in the midst of frantic decolonizing efforts. By the 1950s, preparing for economic decolonization had also become the guiding activity of Lewis's life. What better way, then, to put his academic training and his unique public experience to work than to promote the political and economic independence of the islands where he had grown up.
The Romantic Indian
Authors: Flint Kate
Published: January 2021

This chapter looks at the image of the Indian that the nineteenth century inherited from Romantic writing, one that emphasized the trope of the “dying Indian” as a member of a race associated with positive connotations of bravery, loyalty, dignity, and so on. It shows how it provided an opportunity for poets to exploit their fondness for the melancholic or to explore the qualities of supposedly primitive people. The chapter then traces the shift from the way in which the Indian was seen as a vehicle of rhetorical eloquence to being a figure of pathos. How did this transition come about? The answer lies in a combination of factors. Taken together, these illustrate the interdependency of poetic traditions on either side of the Atlantic during this period and the adaptability of the idea of the dying Indian to serve a range of aesthetic, political, and emotional ends. In both Britain and the United States, there was a growing and increasingly compassionately expressed knowledge about what was happening to native peoples. Indians in North America, however numerous they might appear to those who still saw them as formidable military allies or opponents, were becoming increasingly vulnerable: not just to diseases, but to displacement.
Electoral Competition, Polarization, and the Breakdown of Elite-Led Social Learning
Authors: Patashnik Eric M. , Gerber Alan S. , Dowling Conor M.
Published: January 2021

This chapter evaluates the politics of the Obama administration's effort to promote comparative effectiveness research (CER) as the scientific foundation of health care quality improvements and cost control. It argues that elite polarization and a near parity of partisan competition degrades government problem solving in two ways. First, it creates incentives for politicians to transform what plausibly could be consensual “valence” issues, on which nearly all candidates and parties adopt the same stance, into contentious “position” issues, on which candidates and parties take different stances in a zero-sum competition for voter support. Second, elite partisan polarization can stimulate polarization among ordinary voters. Taken together, these twin dynamics can undercut the processes of elite-led social learning and technocratic problem solving on which social progress to no small extent depends. The chapter shows how these distortions played out in 2009–10, when the Obama administration moved forward with its proposal for a major investment in research on the comparative effectiveness of medical treatments, despite the lack of public buy-in for this reform project.
Introduction
Authors: Ren Xuefei
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on urban governance in China that exhibits a territorial logic centered on territorial institutions and authorities, such as local governments and officials. It also talks about urban governance in India that features an associational logic and contingent on alliance building among the state, the private sector, and civil society groups. With historical comparative analyses and ethnographic fieldwork, the chapter explains how the territorial and associational approaches to governing cities in China and India are contested and how both approaches have produced new forms of inequality and exclusion. It analyzes the Chinese city by juxtaposing urban development in China with India. It confirms why India is the only other continent-sized country experiencing a similar scale of urbanization to China.
Emily Dickinson’s Eloquent Lies
Authors: McAlpine Erica
Published: January 2021

This chapter explains that, like Clare, Emily Dickinson makes her fair share of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other kinds of mistakes, but her style sometimes masquerades as error too. Mostly unpublished during her lifetime, her poems were first made public after her death and under the influence of a strong editorial hand. In their original form on scraps of paper, in letters, and in hand-sewn “fascicles,” they seem to exhibit mistake at every turn. But because they constitute instances of private expression, these improprieties can seem to belong to a set of personal norms not quite subject to the standards of the day. However, Dickinson herself was cognizant of her breaches, often confessing them in letters and sometimes even within the poems themselves. The chapter then determines how Dickinson's own admissions of “wrongness” complicate one's readings of her poetry's mistakes. Does the poet's complicity undo her solecisms, or can awareness coexist with error? The chapter suggests the possibility of reading much of her wrongdoing nevertheless as mistake; the difference between knowing better and doing better may, for Dickinson, be a difference in degree rather than in kind.
Misremembering Seamus Heaney
Authors: McAlpine Erica
Published: January 2021

This chapter assesses the work of Seamus Heaney, another semiautobiographical poet whose work nevertheless presses on the boundaries of fact. Heaney's poetry often raises the question of whether, or how, remembered experience differs from historical reality. Can memory—and, in particular, memory as revealed through poetry—have a knowledge separate from what happened? Reflecting on conceptions of memory developed by Wordsworth, a poet with whom Heaney identifies on multiple levels but whose poetry he occasionally misremembers, the chapter argues for the necessity of acknowledging mistake even as it pertains to aspects of a remembered life, fictional or not. The act of misremembering emerges as a technique for Heaney—as well as for other poets—to figure the difficulty of mapping the imagination onto a historical world.
Mistaking on Purpose
Authors: McAlpine Erica
Published: January 2021

This concluding chapter measures this book's argument about mistake against poems that openly describe the process and feeling of mistaking. Can poets use their own mistakes productively and still be mistaken? What does their trying to do so say about the nature of mistakes in poetry more broadly? The chapter explains that when poets celebrate the unconscious creativity associated with error, they likewise confirm mistake's inevitability—and the importance of acknowledging it. Touching on the work of several contemporary poets, including John Ashbery, Paul Muldoon, and Geoffrey Hill, it positions mistake alongside other elements of poetic craft and suggests that the critical urge to deny mistaking is often at odds with the process it means to defend. Finally, the chapter tells a story of making via poets who usually treat their mistakes as flaws worth mentioning, not excusing.
Carrots and Sticks
Authors: Birch Sarah
Published: January 2021

This chapter develops the study's main argument as to the incentives under which state and nonstate actors will employ violent means of shaping electoral outcomes, in addition to alternatives such as vote buying, fraud, or programmatic competition. This argument posits that electoral violence is shaped by the balance of democratic institutions and corruption, which conditions the costs of being excluded from power and the benefits of winning office. In electoral authoritarian and hybrid regimes, rulers are reluctant to open themselves to the risk of democratic competition. The chapter then sets out an account of why violence might be used to amplify and/or complement other types of electoral manipulation, including vote buying and misconduct. The observable implications of this argument are detailed in the form of a series of testable hypotheses.
Hamlet, Humanism, and Performing the Self
Authors: Lewis Rhodri
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the place of William Shakespeare's Hamlet in relation to the humanist moral philosophy of the long sixteenth century. This was principally developed around the writings of the Roman rhetorician, lawyer, politician, and moral theorist Cicero, for whom one of the governing metaphors of civic existence was derived from the stage. The Ciceronian tradition is important not only on its own terms, but because it offers the wherewithal to generate readings of life in Shakespeare's Denmark that are as novel as they are revealing, and that bind together the personal, the political, and the religious into a richly interpenetrative whole. The chapter then outlines the doctrines of moral philosophy as the humanists understood them, before demonstrating Shakespeare's familiarity with these doctrines. It suggests that Hamlet offers a portrait of refractory moral dislocation that, as it was intended to, leaves these doctrines in ruins.
Hamlet, Hunting, and the Nature of Things
Authors: Lewis Rhodri
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines William Shakespeare's repudiation of the Ciceronian-humanist model through Hamlet's pervasive (and hitherto all but ignored) discourse of hunting, fowling, falconry, and fishing. Within the world of the hunt, the notion of acting—of performing a particular role—is just as important as it is within a stage production. But here the roles one plays are not measured by reason, virtue, propriety, verisimilitude, or even the pleasure they might give to an audience. Instead, one acts to mislead one's predators or one's prey and, just as frequently, to mislead oneself about the appetitive nature of one's existence. The chapter concludes by reading the “cynegetic paradigm” of Hamlet against the natura and fortuna of Senecan revenge tragedy, and proposes that as the hunt governs the way in which the cast of Hamlet interact with one another, Shakespeare uses it to expose the dangerously illusory foundations on which humanist moral philosophy was constructed.
How Social Numbers Are Made Valid
Authors: Porter Theodore M.
Published: January 2021

This chapter explains that, as with the methods of natural science, the quantitative technologies used to investigate social and economic life work best if the world they aim to describe can be remade in their image. Numbers alone never provide enough information to make detailed decisions about the operation of a company. Their highest purpose is to instill an ethic. Measures of profitability — measures of achievement in general — succeed to the degree they become “technologies of the soul.” They provide legitimacy for administrative actions, in large part because they provide standards against which people judge themselves. Grades in school, scores on standardized examinations, and the bottom line on an accounting sheet cannot work effectively unless their validity, or at least reasonableness, is accepted by the people whose accomplishments or worth they purport to measure. When it is, the measures succeed by giving direction to the very activities that are being measured. In this way, individuals are made governable; they display what Foucault called governmentality. Numbers create and can be compared with norms, which are among the gentlest and yet most pervasive forms of power in modern democracies.
Economic Measurement and the Values of Science
Authors: Porter Theodore M.
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the approaches taken by natural scientists to economic questions. William Whewell looked to statistics as an alternative or at least an indispensable supplement to abstract theory in economics. He also looked to mathematics to impose discipline on theoretical political economy, and to block its indiscriminate application. The chapter then considers the economics of engineers and physicists. The economics of energy was not inconsistent with the more customary medium of economic quantification, money. The crucial feature here is the pursuit of measurement — of quantification in standard, comparable units. This was a form of economics patterned after physics that aimed less at theoretical elegance than at practical management and efficiency. The chapter also assesses how the career of Léon Walras, the great French nineteenth-century protagonist of mathematical economics, highlights the differences between the calculating engineers and the economic school that would seem to be closest to them.
Desain balok beton menggunakan penulangan lembaran continue fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)
Authors: Alami Fikri
Published: January 2021

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) sudah banyak dipergunakan untuk perkuatan konstruksi beton bertulang maupun untuk penulangan internal beton. Namun penggunaan FRP sebagai penulangan internal pada struktur beton, masih didominasi dengan penggunakan tulangan Bar (FRP Bars). Sementara penggunaan FRP tipe lembaran (FRP Sheet) masih terbatas dikarenakan kesulitan dalam pemahaman metode desain dan juga permasalahan debonding antara lembaran FRP dan beton. Tulisan ini membahas cara mendesain balok beton dengan menggunakan penulangan lembaran FRP, baik berupa lembaran FRP tipe pelat, maupun lembaran FRP yang kontinyu yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai kombinasi penulangan lentur dan geser. Hasil penelitian yang sudah diseleksi juga ditampilkan dalam tulisan ini sebagai perbandingan dengan teori yang dikembangkan.
ANALISIS PENYEBAB RETAK MELINTANG DAN RETAK RAMBUT PADA PERKERASAN KAKU STUDI KASUS JALAN TOLL BAKAUHENI – SIDOMULYO (LAMPUNG SELATAN)
Authors: Rainal Rainal , Niken Chatarina , Karami Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Pekerjaan perkerasan kaku pada proyek jalan toll trans Sumatera ruas Bakauheni- Sidomulyo, terjadi retak setelah pengecoran. Hal ini menyebabkan kerugian bagi pengguna jasa, sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk menganalisis terjadinya retak tersebut. Hasil analisis ini menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam pengecoran perkerasan kaku, sehingga retak tersebut tidak kembali terjadi.

Pengamatan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan sepanjang 39,4 km dengan 2 jalur 4 lajur, yang terbagi menjadi 31520 segmen. Retak melintang dibagi 2 tipe, yaitu retak pertengahan segmen dan retak saw joint. Jumlah retak melintang pertengahan segmen sebanyak 195 buah (0,58% dari total pengecoran), retak melintang saw joint 134 segmen (0,42% dari total pengecoran). Selain retak melintang terdapat retak rambut, retak rambut terjadi sepanjang 125 segmen (0,54% dari total pengecoran).

Retak pertengahan segmen disebabkan adanya interval pengecoran yang lebih dari 15 menit antara beton yang telah terhampar dengan beton yang belum terhampar, sehingga terjadi perbedaan kembang dan susut pada batasnya. Retak saw joint dikarenakan bergesernya tulangan dowel dari as segmen dan keterlambatan pemotongan beton yaitu lebih dari 18 jam. Untuk penyebab retak rambut dikarenakan tidak meratanya penyiraman cairan curing compound saat proses pengecoran berlangsung. Retak ini juga dapat muncul saat masa pemeliharaan beton. Pemeliharaan dilakukan dengan cara penyiraman air ke permukaan beton, selain itu retak juga dapat muncul karena pemeliharaan yang dilakukan kurang dari 7 hari.
Factors Determining Sago Starch Import Demand: Empirical Evidence from Japan
Authors: Trisia Marlisa Ayu , Takeshita Hironobu , Kikuta Mayumi , Ehara Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

Sago starch (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is one of the starches imported into Japan. Recently, sago starch has been promoted as a healthy type of starch because it is gluten-free and non-allergenic. This study aims to identify the factors affecting sago starch import demand during the period 1978–2017 in Japan by using a double logarithmic linear function. The study revealed that the price of sago starch, GDP, aging population rate and tariff-rate quota policy are significant factors influencing sago starch importation in Japan.
Managing international investment cooperation in Russia at the stage of transition to the digital economy
Authors: Yankovskaya Elizaveta S.
Published: January 2021

The article defines the features of the state policy of Russia in the field of international investment cooperation. The author's version of the classification of the government's powers to regulate relations in the field of attracting foreign investment is proposed. The article reveals the importance of the principle of unity and interrelation of the main vectors of state policy in the field of foreign investment in the country's economy, which is relevant from the point of view of practice and theory of investment process management
Model of integrated change management at factories producing disposable tableware
Authors: Ivanova O. A.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the main trends in developing the domestic market of disposable tableware, and substantiates the need for various changes. A model of integrated change management, reflecting the relationship between strategic, technological and cultural changes, is proposed. The author has developed a system of indicators for conducting HR-benchmarking. Based on their analysis, a set of measures will be developed to implement organizational changes.
DIPLOMASI YAYASAN SUKMA DALAM PROSES NEGOSIASI PEMBEBASAN SANDERA WARGA NEGARA INDONESIA DI FILIPINA SELATAN
Authors: Joshua Joshua , Sidik Hasan
Published: January 2021

Pada 26 Maret 2016, Indonesia dikejutkan dengan kabar disanderanya 10 awak kapal berkewarganegaraan Indonesia oleh Kelompok Abu Sayyaf di Filipina Selatan. Upaya Indonesia untuk membebaskan Warga Negara Indonesia yang disandera oleh Kelompok Abu Sayyaf menjadi persoalan yang tidak mudah mengingat lokasi penyanderaan berada di luar wilayah kedaulatan Indonesia. Namun dalam jangka waktu kurang dari 3 bulan, Indonesia berhasil membebaskan kesepuluh sandera tanpa adanya kontak senjata. Keberhasilan tersebut dicapai dengan dilibatkannya aktor non-negara oleh Indonesia untuk membebaskan sandera. Salah satu aktor non-negara yang terlibat, Yayasan Sukma, merupakan salah satu aktor yang signifikan dalam upaya membebaskan sandera WNI di Filipina Selatan. Riset ini berusaha menjelaskan aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh Yayasan Sukma hingga kesepuluh sandera WNI di Filipina Selatan dapat dibebaskan. Untuk menjelaskan aktivitas Yayasan Sukma dalam pembebasan 10 sandera WNI di Filipina Selatan, periset menggunakan konsep multi-track diplomacy, eskalasi konflik, serta negosiasi pembebasan sandera. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, studi pustaka, serta riset berbasis daring, periset menemukan bahwa penggunaan pendekatan kemanusiaan menjadi kunci Yayasan Sukma dalam membebaskan sandera.
Perang Dagang Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok di Masa Pandemik COVID-19
Authors: Azmi Fuad
Published: January 2021

The presence of COVID-19 at the beginning of 2020 caused instability in the global economy. This impact was also felt by the United States and China, which were involved as actors in the trade war. New dynamics have emerged amid the COVID-19 pandemic which directly impacts the national economies of the two countries. This paper aims to analyze the efforts of the United States and China in maintaining the economic strength of the two countries through the opportunities and challenges that arise amid the pandemic as a great power country. The discussion is presented through the analytical framework of the concept of struggle of power and zero-sum game in the theory of mercantilism in the study of global political economy. In its preparation, this paper uses qualitative research methods based on descriptive case studies using secondary data collection techniques through literature studies. The results of the study conducted showed that the United States and China have significantly different methods and priority scales in dealing with COVID-19, but have fundamental similarities in the concept of restructuring the country's economy. America's main challenge is still dealing with the country's internal problems, while China's challenge lies in rebuilding its trust and credibility in the eyes of the world. On the other hand, the vulnerability of the global economy in various countries can be an opportunity for great power countries to expand their influence and gain power in the international state system. Where parties who have more influence in the global economy have a higher chance of winning the trade war.Keywords: COVID-19, Trade War, economics, Opportunities, and Challenges
Perancangan Sistem Monitoring Perangkat Jaringan Berbasis ICMP dengan Notifikasi Telegram
Authors: Sokibi Petrus
Published: January 2021

Dalam dunia pendidikan sekarang, jaringan komputer merupakan hal yang penting untuk menunjang pembelajaran maupun untuk pertukaran informasi. Monitoring merupakan metode utama untuk menjaga kestabilan jaringan komputer. Proses monitoring jaringan pada SMK NU Kaplongan masih dilakukan secara manual, dengan kompleksnya jaringan yang ada, Network Administrator membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama untuk menemukan gangguan yang terjadi pada jaringan serta belum lagi dengan faktor Network Administrator yang tidak selalu standby untuk me-monitoring jaringan. Untuk membantu Network Administrator dalam me-monitoringjaringan, penulis akan merancang sistem monitoring perangkat jaringan dengan memanfaatkan protokol ICMP dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan MySQL sebagai database-nya serta Bot Telegram untuk pengiriman pesan notifikasi ketika terjadi perangkat yang terputus. Hasil penelitian ini berupa perangkat lunak berbasis web yang berfungsi untuk monitoring perangkat jaringan di lingkungan SMK NU Kaplongan. Sistem monitoring perangkat jaringan ini akan mampu membantu proses monitoring, identifikasi dan perbaikan terhadap gangguan yang terjadi pada jaringan serta membantu Network Administrator dalam menjaga stabilitas jaringan di SMK NU Kaplongan.
Perumusan Strategi Bisnis Blueprint Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto Dengan Analisis SWOT
Authors: Kusumawardani Dwi Mustika
Published: January 2021

Pembuatan blueprint merupakan satu hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pengembangan mutu suatu institusi. Mengapa ITTP perlu melakukan hal tersebut? Hal tersebut perlu dilakukan agar ITTP dapat menghadapi persaingan yang semakin kompetitif dengan mengenali faktor – faktor internal yang dimiliki. Blueprint ITTP dapat dibuat menggunakan analisis SWOT dalam menentukan strategi bisnisnya. Analisis SWOT dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data dan menganalisis semua unit yang terlibat dalam proses bisnis ITTP. Hasil dari blueprint ITTP yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT dapat diketahui bahwa ITTP memiliki peluang yang besar dengan ancaman yang pasti dapat diatasi dengan mengadakan upgrading pelatihan ISO dan standar – standar lainnya. Selain itu dapat juga diatasi dengan terus mengembangkan teknologi sistem informasi dengan memanfaatkan IT Support yang dimiliki ITTP.
Internet of Things Technology Development
Authors: Sulastri Amy
Published: January 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the existence of widely interconnected and widely identified physical devices. The purpose of this tool is to collect data and encourage actions to increase productivity, and ultimately reduce or eliminate dependence on human intervention for data acquisition, interpretation, and use. IoT devices can be sensors or actuators. This survey paper aims to gather and summarize some of the latest library resources on the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. From the results of a paper survey, IoT devices can be grouped into twelve categories, namely: temperature, pressure, flow, level, imaging, noise, air pollution, proximity and displacement, infrared, humidity and humidity, speed, gas and chemicals.
Design and Implementation of Web-Based Helpdesk Information Systems Using Extreme Programming Methods
Authors: Wicaksono Freddy , Baswara Orin Satriani
Published: January 2021

Technological developments have become a necessity for job optimization, be it desktop, web or mobile-based software, of course this really supports work with fast, timely completion, without spending a lot of effort and money. The Help Desk is a facilitator for the process of solving operational problems, through communication and interaction networks, internal and external, between the source of the problem (the client) and the potential / problem solving analysis capacity (experts) so that the Asset Management process becomes more effective in improving unit performance. Its operational implementation refers to the principles in the concept of Knowledge Management. Extreme programming is a method that lightens the burden or speeds up the software development process, the characteristics of this method are in accordance with this study which has a small number of team members. This method is flexible so that it can adapt to the changes that customers want. With this the user becomes easier for system development
MULTILINGUAL INTERACTION IN CLASSROOM CONTEXT
Authors: Idris Andi Muhammad Syafri , Adliah Adliah , Alfina Syatria
Published: January 2021

This research aimed at exploring teacher and student ways of interacting in multilingual EFL classrooms. This research was a qualitative study using case study design. This research participants consisted of 1 EFL and 4 SMKN 5 Jeneponto students at Sulawesi Selatan. The data was obtained by observation and interview. The data was analyzed on the basis of data analysis procedure consisting of data collection, data display, data condensation, and conclusion: drawing / verification. The finding showed that there were three ways through multilingual interaction in the teaching and learning process, beginning the class, during learning process and closing the class.  The findings led to the conclusion that the multilingual interaction within the classroom had already made the teacher-students and student-students more interactive. Furthermore, the students were even good in communicating and influencing their attitude so they participated actively in classroom activities and felt comfort interacting with the class using multilingual interaction. The researcher also suggests that future researchers should conduct the relevant research by adding some new aspects to it. The aspects can be extended in terms of the method used, the number of research variables, research participants, etc.
DOKUMENTASI DIGITAL MAKANAN TRADISIONAL DAERAH SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN DAYA TARIK TASIKMALAYA
Authors: SETYONINGRUM NUK GHURROH , KAPI CECEP M.
Published: January 2021

Pengaruh budaya luar yang masuk ke Indonesia menyebabkan masyarakat semakin melupakan tradisi budaya yang menjadi ciri khas bangsa Indonesia. Makanan-makanan tradisional, minuman tradisional, mungkin sudah dipandang sebelah mata dan terkesan kuno.. Metode pengumpulan data untuk keperluan penelitian ini dengan cara wawancara dan observasi yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data primer. Juga  studi pustaka, teknik pengumpulan ini digunakan untuk mendapatkan data sekunder tentang obyek penelitian dan referensi tentang teori pendukung dan metode melalui buku-buku dan majalah ilmiah. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengembangan sistem informasi adalah SDLC atau Systems Development Life Cycle. Hasil yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah membantu meningkatkan pesona kota Tasikmalaya terutama dari bidang pangan. Sehingga membantu pendapatan perekonomian kota Tasikmalaya. Kata Kunci: dokumentasi digital, makanan tradisional, Tasikmalaya
EKSPLORASI WEB BROWSER DALAM PENCARIAN BUKTI DIGITAL MENGGUNAKAN SQLITE
Authors: HARIANI HARIANI
Published: January 2021

Penggunaan Internet yang meningkat membuat semakin maraknya pengguna web browser. Hal ini bisa memberikan dampak pada meningkatnya kejahatan dunia maya menggunakan media tersebut misalnya menyebarkan hoax, penipuan Email dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pentingnya melihat aktivitas pada web browser baik terhadap korban maupun pelaku. Hal ini bisa menentukan pola kejahatan pada suatu kasus dan membantu penyidik dalam menganalisis bukti digital yang tersimpan pada WEB Browser sehingga kasus bisa di selesaikan dengan baik dan tepat. Penelitian ini menunjukkan lokasi history pencarian pada cookie, cache, history download dan melihat password yang tersimpan di web browser safari, maxthon dan comodo dragon menggunakan SQLite. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa banyak Informasi yang di peroleh dari bukti digital web browser menggunakan SQLite sehingga metode ini dapat di terapkan untuk mendapatkan bukti digital jika di perlukan sebagai pembuktian sebuah kasus.Kata kunci – Web Browser, SQLite, Bukti Digital
PENGGUNAAN JARINGAN SENSOR UNTUK MEMONITORING KERETAKAN PADA BANGUNAN BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: ASRI MUHAMMAD , HAISAH ST. , HULUKATI STEPHAN A.
Published: January 2021

Keretakan pada bangunan sering diakibatkan oleh getaran gempa bumi yang menghasilkan regangan pada bangunan yang menghasilkan kerusakan serius pada bangunan dan bisa membahayakan manusia. Maka dirancanglah sebuah sistem monitoring kerusakan bangunan berkonsep Internet of Things (IoT) dengan menggunakan dua buah perangkat Sensor Getaran (Vibration) yang masing-masing terhubung ke Mikrokontroler Arduino sebagai pengontrol penyalaan LED notifikasi level getaran dan ke NodeMCU sebagai pengirim informasi nilai atau level getaran ke Komputer (ThingSpeak) secara realtime melalui jaringan Internet dan Purwarupa bangunan dengan komposisi bahan sesuai standar sebagai bahan pengujian. Pada pengujian, sistem mengontrol level penyalaan dua warna LED jika nilai getaran yang diterima melebihi nilai tertinggi dari masing-masing warna yang ditentukan, makin tinggi nilai sebuah getaran maka makin tinggi pula regangan yang dihasilkan pada bangunan. Proses monitoring melalui sistem IoT menampilkan visualisasi nilai besaran getaran di Komputer (ThingSpeak). Keywords : Sensor Getaran, Keretakan, Internet of Things
Humanity-Based Leadership Model in the Government of South Sulawesi Province (Integration of Modern Leadership with Local Wisdom)
Authors: Ramli Muhammad , Saleh Sadhriany Pertiwi
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze a collaborative model of modern leadership, namely innovative, transformative and credible with local wisdom by four ethnic cultures, namely Bugis, Makassar, Toraja and Mandar, which in turn will produce officers who prioritize human values in implementing policies based on local wisdom with the philosophy of acca, acca, warani, malempu, and getteng. This research uses qualitative research methods so that the discussion is descriptive. The research was conducted at the South Sulawesi Government Office with four city districts. The research results show that in real terms the human-based leadership model of the Provincial Government of South Sulawesi in its work to improve the welfare of the community with innovative programs and humane services towards advanced governance as the translation of change shows a pretty good trend. Leadership innovation in making change by prioritizing integrity, motivator, ability, experience, honesty, obedience, persistence and intellectuality as a manifestation of the integration of modern leadership and local wisdom as a filter in change so as to lead to an advanced government while still upholding the value of local wisdom as a support which is summarized in Cultured South Sulawesi. Supporting factors that are quite helpful related to the program strategy include the readiness of the apparatus, community involvement and the level of community acceptance, while the inhibiting factors are infrastructure readiness, availability of funds and community readiness to change, but concrete efforts can gradually be overcome so that the strategic program of the South Sulawesi Government as the growth center of the eastern region and the national economic buffer can be realized.
PELAKSANAAN SISTEM PEMASYARAKATAN DALAM UPAYA PENEGAKAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA TERHADAP WARGABINAAN
Authors: Raodiah Raodiah
Published: January 2021

Merujuk pada Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 1995 tentang Sistem Pemasyarakatan, dalam Pasal 14 yang mengatur masalah hak-hak Wargabinaan, sebagai aparat hukum petugas pemasyarakatan yang profesional adalah suatu kewajiban untuk menjaga dan melindungi hak-hak Wargabinaan sebagai warga binaannya. Hak-hak Wargabinaan sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 14 merupakan bagian dari Sistem Pemasyarakatan yang diterapkan pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan. Adapun factor penghambat penegakan HAM adalah ciri profesionalisme petugas pemasyarakatan itu sendiri yang berasal dari latar belakang yang berbeda-beda seperti tingkat pendidikan, status sosial, dan tingkat ekonomi.
CONSUMER ENCOUREGEMENT AND RESPONSES TO THE PURCHASE DECISION A SHARIA INSURANCE POLICY
Authors: Srisusilawati Popon , Fauziah Zea , Tresnati Ratih
Published: January 2021

Consumer behavior in the buying process begins with the purchase interest, so that it will affect consumers who will continue to change. The purpose of this study is to analyze the motivation and consumer perceptions of the prudential insurance policy purchase decision. This type of research is quantitative verification. The research method used is descriptive survey. The results of this study reveal that consumers' motivation and perceptions are in the sufficient category in influencing the decision to purchase a Sharia prudential insurance policy. Partially the motivations and perceptions of consumers each oppose the decision to purchase an Islamic insurance policy. Positively on the decision to purchase prudential sharia insurance policies.