bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Đánh giá kết quả điều trị bong võng mạc nguyên phát bằng phẫu thuật cắt dịch kính
Authors: Duong Anh Quan
Published: March 2024

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát đặc điểm lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng bong võng mạc nguyên phát. Đánh giá kết quả điều trị bong võng mạc nguyên phát bằng phẫu thuật cắt dịch kính.

Đối tượng, phương pháp: Nghiên cứu can thiệp lâm sàng không đối chứng trên 50 bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật cắt dịch kính điều trị bong võng mạc nguyên phát tại Trung tâm Mắt - Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế từ tháng 1/2022 tới tháng 10/2023. Thời gian theo dõi 6 tháng.

Kết quả: Nghiên cứu bao gồm 50 mắt của 50 bệnh nhân. Tuổi trung bình 55,72 ± 13,9 tuổi với nam 58,0%, nữ 42,0%. Thị lực trung bình trước phẫu thuật 0,099 ± 0,170. Trước phẫu thuật 72,0% bệnh nhân còn thể thủy tinh, 28,0% kính nội nhãn. Mức độ bong võng mạc 1 góc phần tư, 2 góc phần tư, 3 góc phần tư, 4 góc phần tư lần lượt là 20,0%, 38,0%, 26,0%, 16,0%. Kết quả giải phẫu 84,0% (42/50) thành công ngay sau 1 lần phẫu thuật và 92,0% (46/50) thành công sau lần phẫu thuật cuối cùng. Kết quả thị lực: thị lực cải thiện đáng kể sau 6 tháng phẫu thuật đạt 0,217 ± 0,238.

Kết luận: Nghiên cứu cho thấy kết quả điều trị bong võng mạc nguyên phát bằng phẫu thuật cắt dịch kính đem lại kết quả tốt cho bệnh nhân.

ABSTRACT

EVALUATION OF RESULTS OF VITRECTOMY FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT TREATMENT

Objectives: To survey clinical and paraclinical characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. To evaluate the outcomes of vitrectomy for treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods: Uncontrolled clinical intervention study on 50 patients undergoing vitrectomy surgery to treat primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at the Eye Center - Hue Central Hospital from January 2022 to October 2023. Follow - up period 6 months.

Results: The study included 50 eyes of 50 patients. The mean age was 55.72 ± 13.9 years old, 58,0% male and 42,0% female. The mean baseline visual acuity was 0.099 ± 0.170. At baseline, there were 72,0% phakic and 28,0% pseudophakic. Quadrants of retinal detachment were 20,0% with 1 quadrant, 38,0% with 2 quadrants, 26,0% with 3 quadrants, and 16,0% with 4 quadrants. Single surgery anatomic success rate 84,0%. The retina was reattached at the last follow - up in 46/50 (92%). The mean 3 months postoperative visual acuity was 0.217 ± 0.238.

Conclusion: In the current study of retinal detachment surgery, visual and anatomical outcomes at the last followup were generally favorable
PKM Pondok Pesantren Riyadhussholihiin Rocek Cimanuk – Pandeglang Dalam Penerapan Mesin Pengolahan Sampah
Authors: SETIYAWATI Hari , ARWATI I Gustri Ayu , IMANINGSIH Erna Soriana , ADISTIN Yulita , ZAKIYAH Eneng Fitri , NUGROHO Yusuf Purwo , SARAGIH Cindy Patricia
Published: March 2024

Mitra dalam PKM ini adalah Pondok Pesantren Riyadhussholihiin yang merupakan lembaga pendidikan Islam yang berlokasi di kampung Rocek, kecamatan Cimanuk, kabupaten Pandeglang, Banten. Pondok pesantren Riyadhusholihiin telah berkembang cukup baik dan menggembirakan, baik da'wah di masyarakat maupun melalui pendidikan. Jumlah santri yang ada di pondok pesantren Riyadhussholihiin saat ini sudah sekitar 1200 santri yang tentunya berdampak pada meningkatnya jumlah sampah baik organik maupun non organik, dimana akan sangat bermanfaat jika sampah tersebut didaur ulang menjadi barang barang yang bermanfaat maupun diolah menjadi pupuk yang dapat digunakan sendiri ataupun dijual kemasyarakat untuk menambah penghasilan. Permasalahan yang dialami oleh mitra adalah: a). Sampah organik yang menumpuk, b) Sampah anorganik yang menumpuk, c) Belum ada sistem aplikasi akuntansi untuk unit usaha pondok. Solusi: a) Memberikan pelatihan kepada pengurus, santri dan ustadz untuk mengolah sampah organik dengan menggunakan composer yang menghasilkan pupuk cair dan dijual ke masyarakat dan memberikan bantuan berupa alat teknologi tepat guna dan cara pemakaiannya. b) Memberikan pelatihan kepada pengurus, santri dan ustadz untuk mengolah sampah anorganik menjadi produk daur ulang berupa tempat tisue, tikar plastik, bunga plastik dll yang akan dijual ke masyarakat, c) Memberikan bantuan penyusunan aplikasi akuntansi dengan menggunakan zahir accounting untuk usaha dagang dan manufaktur dan memberikan pelatihan kepada para staf bagian akuntansi untuk dapat menerapkannya.
In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and molecular study of Nostoc punctiforme isolated from the rice field
Authors: Sahu Jayanta Kumar , Dash Sanjiv Kumar , Dash Satyabrata , Pradhan Shubham , Sahoo Bijayananda , Parida Sabyasachy , Rath Biswajit
Published: March 2024

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes and are reservoir of bioactive compounds having substantial antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. They serve as a rich source of structurally novel and biologically active metabolites, holding great potential for various pharmaceutical applications. The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts of Nostoc punctiforme, a filamentous heterocystous cyanobacterium predominant in the rice fields of Lakhanpur (Bargarh District), Odisha. The heterocystous cyanobacteria was collected from rice field and identified by means of morphological and molecular approach (Nostoc punctiforme Jbr02). Subsequently, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity was assayed using acetone, methanol, and benzene extract. The cyanobacterial extracts established important antimicrobial actions against bacterial and fungal pathogens with significant MIC values from 62.5 to 500 μg/ml. The methanolic extract displayed better inhibitory activities against both V. Cholerae and P. verrucosun with the MIC value 62.5μg/ml while no such activity was recorded in benzene extract against B. subtilis, A. niger and F. oxysporum pathogens. The antioxidant study, depicted that the methanolic extract showed relatively higher antiradical activity of IC50 542±0.012 μg/ml among the three solvents. The Ferric reducing assay result was also maximum in methanolic extract (0.478±0.78) as compared to benzene and acetone extract. These findings infer that Nostoc punctiforme has potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, unveiling its potential as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Thus, N. punctiforme in specific and cyanobacteria in general are one of the most promising candidates for commercial applications.
Physical Parameters of 11,100 Short-period ASAS-SN Eclipsing Contact Binaries
Authors: Li 李 Xu-Zhi 旭志 , Zhu 朱 Qing-Feng 青峰 , Ding 丁 Xu 旭 , Xu 徐 Xiao-Hui 小慧 , Zheng 郑 Hang 航 , Qiu 邱 Jin-Sheng 锦盛 , Liu 刘 Ming-Chao 明超
Published: March 2024

Starting from more than 11,200 short-period (less than 0.5 days) EW-type eclipsing binary candidates with the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae V-band light curves, we use the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm and neural networks to obtain the mass ratio (q), orbital inclination (incl), fill-out factor (f), and temperature ratio (T

s
/T

p
). After crossmatching with the Gaia DR3 database, the final sample contains parameters of 2399 A-type and 8712 W-type contact binaries (CBs). We present the distributions of parameters of these 11,111 short-period CBs. The mass ratio (q) and fill-out factor (f) are found to obey log-normal distributions, and the remaining parameters obey normal distributions. There is a significant period–temperature correlation of these CBs. Additionally, the temperature ratio (T

s
/T

p
) tends to increase as the orbital period decreases for W-type CBs. There is no significant correlation between them for A-type CBs. The mass ratio and fill-out factor (q−f) diagram suggest there is no significant correlation between these two parameters. A clear correlation exists between the mass ratio and radius ratio. The radius ratio increases with the mass ratio. Moreover, the deep fill-out CBs tend to fall on the upper boundary of the q−R

s
/R

p
distribution, while the shallow fill-out CBs fall on the lower boundary.
Using JWST Transits and Occultations to Determine ∼1% Stellar Radii and Temperatures of Low-mass Stars
Authors: Mahajan Alexandra S. , Eastman Jason D. , Kirk James
Published: March 2024

Using JWST observations of a primary transit and two secondary eclipses for GJ 1214b, we determine an eccentricity that is more precise than a decade of HARPS data, which enables us to measure the stellar density to 2.62%. Coupled with a prior on the stellar mass from a dynamically calibrated K
S–M
* relation, we determine R
* to 1.13%—3 times more precise than any other published analysis of this system. Then, using the bolometric flux from a spectral energy distribution model, we determine T
eff to 1.39%—40% more precise than systematic floors from spectroscopy. Within the global model, these also improve the planetary radius and insolation. This is a proof of concept for a new method to determine accurate R
* and T
eff to a precision currently achieved for only a small number of low-mass stars. By applying our method to all high signal-to-noise ratio planetary transits and occultations, we can expand the sample of precisely measured stars without assuming tidal circularization and calibrate new relations to improve our understanding of all low-mass stars.
« Ceci n’est pas une pipe ! ». Normalité judiciaire et oblitération de l’évidence dans une affaire marocaine de terrorisme islamiste
Authors: Dupret Baudouin , Ferrié Jean-Noël , Oufkir Montassir Nicolas , Blouet Alexis
Published: March 2024

En contexte autoritaire, l’accomplissement routinier du travail juridique relève de la production d’une fiction formellement plausible mais effectivement tronquée. On observe que la production de la normalité y devient remarquable du fait d’un décalage observable entre l’affichage d’une justice ordinaire et la pratique d’une justice d’exception et subordonnée. Dans cette contribution, nous nous attachons à présenter une affaire marocaine de terrorisme islamique, son traitement par une juridiction en charge des affaires de terrorisme et le travail de production par cette juridiction d’une normalité juridique, au prix du déni surréaliste de l’évidence et de l’affirmation d’une vérité où le respect des formes l’emporte sur la crédibilité.
La recherche de la cohérence
Authors: Flichy Patrice
Published: March 2024

À l’occasion de la publication de plusieurs articles s’inscrivant dans quelques lignes majeures de réflexion de la revue ( suite ) et de celle d’un nouveau thème de recherche ( prélude ) : les méthodes agiles d’organisation du travail informatique, cet article présente la politique éditoriale de Réseaux et s’interroge plus largement sur le rôle des revues de sciences humaines et sociales. Sont-elles encore nécessaires à l’époque des plateformes ? Sont-elles un simple lieu de validation des activités de recherche ? Quelle place occupent-elles dans l’organisation du débat scientifique ? Pourquoi leur travail est-il si peu reconnu ?
Devenir « dayan et katz »
Authors: Katz Elihu , Gitlin Todd , Dayan Daniel
Published: March 2024

Ce texte parle de deux amitiés et de deux livres. Disparus presque en même temps en 2022 Elihu Katz et Todd Gitlin étaient tous deux mes amis, mais aussi des adversaires résolus, les partenaires d’un débat qui a longtemps clivé la sociologie des médias. Les deux livres sont Personal Influence (en français : Influence personnelle) écrit par Elihu Katz et Paul Lazarsfeld et Media Events (en français : La Télévision cérémonielle), écrit presque 40 ans plus tard par moi-même et Elihu Katz. En combinant témoignage direct et analyse critique, je propose ici une relecture de ces deux livres et de leurs généalogies respectives, qui renvoient au post-structuralisme français et à la théologie juive.
Les logiques sociales de structuration de l’audience de l’internet français
Authors: Boyadjian Julien
Published: March 2024

Cet article interroge les logiques sociales de structuration de l’audience des 500 sites et applications internet générant le plus de trafic en France. L’analyse se focalise sur les données inédites du panel « Audience Internet Global » de Médiamétrie, qui mesure à l’aide d’un logiciel dédié les pratiques de navigation d’un panel de 25 000 individus âgés de 2 ans et plus, représentatifs de la population internaute française. L’article met au jour les trois variables « lourdes » explicatives de la distribution de l’audience numérique : le genre, l’âge et la position sociale des internautes. Alors que les inégalités d’accès à internet et les inégalités de compétences numériques ont été bien documentées dans la littérature spécialisée, cette recherche met en exergue une dimension moins souvent étudiée de la « fracture numérique » : les inégalités de navigation des internautes. Plutôt qu’évoquer une fracture numérique de « troisième génération », l’article postule plutôt l’existence d’une homologie structurale entre l’espace numérique et l’espace social « réel ».
Le développement agile, une histoire d’informaticiens
Authors: Ughetto Pascal
Published: March 2024

Les principes, méthodes et outils de la gestion de projet dite agile ont suscité un vif intérêt dans les entreprises et dans les organisations publiques depuis les années 2010, où les efforts pour l’appliquer se sont multipliés. L’histoire du mode agile est cependant mal connue. Sans prétendre la reconstituer de façon exhaustive, l’article invite à inscrire l’agilité dans une histoire des méthodologies de conduite de projet en développement de logiciels. Largement ignorées de la littérature sociologique sur l’informatique, ces méthodologies suscitent des débats non moins vifs que d’autres habituellement analysés dans les cultures professionnelles informaticiennes. Le mode agile offre ainsi l’occasion d’un regard original sur les informaticiens.
A systematic literature review: ESG criteria implementation in the Insurance industry
Authors: Marti Albert , Bastida-Vialcanet Ramon , Marimon Frederic
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Sustainability and ESG criteria are gaining more and more relevance, and the insurance industry is playing a relevant role in the sustainability transition. Therefore, this study aims to review existing academic literature on ESG criteria in the insurance industry. Specifically, it addresses the determinants in three objectives: First, analysing the focus on sustainability considering the three dimensions of the ESG framework: environment, social and governance; the second one, focusing on the relevant topics in the insurance industry involving the ESG criteria. And finally, identifying the main gaps and point out new research lines.Design/methodology: The research was conducted through a systematic literature review considering published articles of Web of Science and Scopus.Originality/value: Although the insurance industry has a very relevant weight into the economy and the society, and it plays a key role in promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy, we noticed that there are not many scientific articles on this subject.Findings: Findings contribute to the body of literature on sustainable finance, providing a new and complete overview about how ESG criteria implementation has been approached in the insurance industry: mapping research streams, analysing the ESG approach, and identifying research gaps in this domain.Practical implications: This article wants to provide a broader and a more structured knowledge about ESG criteria implementation, and to help managers and insurance companies to move forward with sustainability strategies, and to identify the future lines of research.Social Implications: Business sustainability aims to combine market logic with social welfare logic, but we have found little activity on how insurance companies develop the social dimension within the ESG perspective, as a way to influence the community by promoting equal practices, access to education, etc.
Multiple positive solutions for a singular tempered fractional equation with lower order tempered fractional derivative
Authors: Zhang Xinguang , Jiang Yongsheng , Li Lishuang , Wu Yonghong , Wiwatanapataphee Benchawan
Published: March 2024

Let $ \alpha\in (1, 2], \beta\in (0, 1) $ with $ \alpha-\beta > 1 $. This paper focused on the multiplicity of positive solutions for a singular tempered fractional boundary value problem

   \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \left\{\begin{aligned}\ & -{^R _0}{{\mathbb{D}_t}^{\alpha,\lambda}} u(t) = p(t)h\left(e^{\lambda t} u(t), {^R _0}{{\mathbb{D}_t}^ {\beta,\lambda}}u(t)\right), t\in(0,1),\\& {^R _0}{{\mathbb{D}_t}^ {\beta,\lambda}}u(0) = 0, \ \ {^R _0}{{\mathbb{D}_t}^ {\beta,\lambda}}u(1) = 0, \end{aligned}\right. \end{equation*} $\end{document}

where $ h\in C([0, +\infty)\times[0, +\infty), [0, +\infty)) $ and $ p \in L^1([0, 1], (0, +\infty)) $. By applying reducing order technique and fixed point theorem, some new results of existence of the multiple positive solutions for the above equation were established. The interesting points were that the nonlinearity contained the lower order tempered fractional derivative and that the weight function can have infinite many singular points in $ [0, 1] $.
Modeling different infectious phases of hepatitis B with generalized saturated incidence: An analysis and control
Authors: Khan Tahir , Rihan Fathalla A. , Ibrahim Muhammad , Li Shuo , Alamri Atif M. , AlQahtani Salman A.
Published: March 2024

Hepatitis B is one of the global health issues caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), producing 1.1 million deaths yearly. The acute and chronic phases of HBV are significant because worldwide, approximately 250 million people are infected by chronic hepatitis B. The chronic stage is a long-term, persistent infection that can cause liver damage and increase the risk of liver cancer. In the case of multiple phases of infection, a generalized saturated incidence rate model is more reasonable than a simply saturated incidence because it captures the complex dynamics of the different infection phases. In contrast, a simple saturated incidence rate model assumes a fixed shape for the incidence rate curve, which may not accurately reflect the dynamics of multiple infection phases. Considering HBV and its various phases, we constructed a model to present the dynamics and control strategies using the generalized saturated incidence. First, we proved that the model is well-posed. We then found the reproduction quantity and model equilibria to discuss the time dynamics of the model and investigate the conditions for stabilities. We also examined a control mechanism by introducing various controls to the model with the aim to increase the population of those recovered and minimize the infected people. We performed numerical experiments to check the biological significance and control implementation.
Zambrano avec Lacan
Authors: Cordoba Pedro
Published: March 2024

Pourquoi María Zambrano a-t-elle vu dans sa sœur Araceli une figure d’Antigone ? On propose une lecture lacanienne d’un texte marqué par les traumas de l’époque, comme si la démence de l’histoire elle-même devait éclairer la folie des hommes.
María Zambrano, la révélation de la naissance
Authors: Sourdillon Jean Marc
Published: March 2024

María Zambrano définit la révélation comme un savoir issu de l’expérience. Celui-ci se présente le plus souvent sous la forme d’une vision, ne se soumet pas à une approche de type rationnel et se traduit dans un langage essentiellement poétique. La philosophe, dans ses écrits autobiographiques, fait de sa vie le lieu d’une telle révélation et extrait de trois sortes d’expérience – la maladie, l’exil, le deuil – les linéaments d’une intuition de la vie comme naissance discontinue. Cette intuition a dans la figure de l’aurore sa plus parfaite représentation.
L’agonie de Raimundo, fils d’Unamuno, et le sentiment comique de la vie
Authors: Roullière Yves
Published: March 2024

Sans doute n’est-il commotion plus grande, pour des parents, que de voir naître un de leurs enfants voué à une mort lente et non moins précoce. C’est celle-là même qui a frappé Miguel de Unamuno en 1896 avec son troisième enfant, Raimundo Jenaro, dont l’hydrocéphalie se révéla dès les premiers mois de sa vie, et dont l’état empira jusqu’à sa mort à presque sept ans. Unamuno a énormément exploité sa vie personnelle, jusqu’à faire de son expérience familiale un de ses grands critères d’évaluation de la pertinence de telle ou telle assertion. Le cas de Raimundo n’échappe pas à la règle, mais il demeure un point aveugle pour l’écrasante majorité des commentateurs qui ont préféré ou n’ont pas osé en relever l’impact majeur sur son œuvre. À rebours, nous tenterons dans cette étude de montrer que l’existence traumatique et traumatisante de Raimundo a eu une influence déterminante sur les principaux aspects de l’œuvre d’Unamuno : philosophique, mystique, poétique et fictionnel, notamment dans sa manière d’aborder le tragique et le comique, le sentiment et l’amour.
« Certains lieux de la peinture », comme expérience ontologique, de révélation chez María Zambrano
Authors: Lacau St Guily Camille
Published: March 2024

Par la peinture, comme elle en témoigne dans plusieurs de ses écrits, entre autres dans Algunos lugares de la pintura, à travers son essai autobiographique, Delirio y destino, ou encore dans son texte intitulé « El idiota » et dans tous ses essais consacrés au « Niño de Vallecas » de Velázquez, María Zambrano vit des expériences personnelles et « privilégiées », avec l’être. La peinture lui offre des « révélations ». Certaines œuvres magistrales peuvent mettre en présence de l’âme des choses et de tout être, dans l’événement d’une rencontre, qui surgit ou qui peut se tisser dans la durée, dans une forme de metanoïa du cœur et de l’intelligence, des yeux et des oreilles, conduisant Zambrano à percevoir le sublime dans le non-être, dans l’abîmé, le méprisé, le tout-petit, les choses simples, humbles, à s’étonner devant un visage sans éclat apparent, que l’humanité rejette.
Le récit mythique d’une conversion : La Argentina à l’Athénée de Madrid
Authors: Frison Hélène
Published: March 2024

Dans un entretien qu’elle donne dans la presse française en 1935, Antonia Mercé, La Argentina, date son succès en Espagne du 16 avril 1915. Ce soir-là, tandis qu’elle se produit à l’Athénée de Madrid devant « des intellectuels, des peintres, des écrivains, des poètes, des musiciens », un double basculement a lieu : pendant que les spectateurs vivent une sorte d’épiphanie de la danse, elle prend conscience de ce que sera dorénavant son sacerdoce, incarner « l’esprit de la danse espagnole ». Une étude de la presse espagnole publiée à l’issue de la soirée permettra de mettre en évidence les écarts, les distorsions et les amalgames qui apparaissent dans le témoignage de l’artiste ; puis, nous tenterons de présenter les motivations qui ont pu présider à la construction de ce récit aux allures de conversion.
Rafael del Riego, mártir en vida
Authors: Le Guellec Maud
Published: March 2024

Que Rafael del Riego se haya convertido en «mártir de la libertad» a raíz de su juicio y de su ejecución particularmente feroz y vengativa no deja lugar a dudas. Su muerte sacrificial le permite ser inmortalizado como víctima por excelencia de la tiranía, y los defensores del liberalismo o, más tarde, de la República, utilizarán ampliamente dicho estatuto. La cuestión que plantea este artículo es la de ver si no alcanzó el título de «mártir» incluso antes del 7 de noviembre de 1823. Lo hará a través de consideraciones terminológicas, evocando las vicisitudes de su recorrido vital durante el periodo del Trienio y examinando fuentes de la época para ver cómo los defensores de Riego, contemporáneos de los hechos, empiezan a representarle no solo como un héroe de la causa, sino también como un mártir en vida.
Temple Prostitution in India
Authors: Anand Amit
Published: March 2024

The practice of ‘marrying' young girls of lower castes to gods and goddesses is one of the oldest cultural practices in India. This practice is called the devadasi system in which minor girls belonging to the Scheduled Castes are sexually exploited by temple priests and other high caste men in the name of religion. The term ‘devadasi' is a Sanskrit word which means ‘female slave of God.' The devadasi system is also seen as religious sanctioned prostitution in India. Note that, despite the practice being abolished by various state legislations in India, there are approximately more than 48,000 devadasis in the country according to the data by the National Commission for Women, New Delhi. Further, as per the National Human Rights Commission, the state of Andhra Pradesh, India alone had over 25,000 devadasis in 2015 with girls as young as 12 years old who were being pushed into prostitution in the nearby states of Karnataka and Maharashtra. This chapter therefore aims to highlight the reasons behind this social evil considering the broader interconnections between law and religion.
The Influence of Organized Crime on Electricity Theft and Power Infrastructure Vandalism in South Africa
Authors: Madumi Phathutshedzo
Published: March 2024

This chapter examines the underlying reasons, repercussions, and issues related to organized crime's influence on electricity theft and power infrastructure damage in South Africa in depth. It goes to the incentives that drive organized crime groups as well as the flaws in the power distribution structure that allow such illegal activity. Furthermore, the chapter investigates the socioeconomic effects of these crimes on customers, businesses, and communities, putting light on the broad scope of these illegal acts. As crucial strategies, the chapter advocates stronger security measures, legislative reforms, community engagement, international cooperation, and public-private partnerships. South Africa can alleviate the impact of the ongoing electricity crisis, restore stability to the energy sector, and protect key infrastructure by taking a comprehensive approach. This chapter aims to give useful insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working to prevent organized crime's effect on the nation's energy sector.
Exploring the Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in the Tourism Sector
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Pandey Uma
Published: March 2024

Travel and tourism businesses heavily rely on AI-powered products and services for various operations, from planning trips to booking accommodations. At the moment, the travel and tourism sector heavily rely on AI-powered goods and services for a range of tasks, from planning vacations to sharing travel experiences. The travel and hospitality industries have incorporated AI into a variety of tasks and processes to provide travelers with comfort, serenity, and unsurpassed happiness. This chapter discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) is developing in the travel and tourism industry and considers possible long-term effects. This chapter explores several important areas of integrating AI, such as chatbots, predictive analytics, smart infrastructure, and personalized suggestions. This chapter will provide an overview of how AI could be used in the tourism sector. Secondary sources are used to obtain the information. This chapter offers insightful information to stakeholders who want to fully utilize AI to influence the direction of the tourism sector.
AI-Powered Marketing Strategies in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector
Authors: Daline Rina , Thomas Joby
Published: March 2024

A highly competitive environment with increased demand for personalized services drives the tourism and hospitality industry to embrace immersive and intelligent technologies. Smart technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) assist in promotions, marketing brands, customer analysis, and ultimately leading to sustainable businesses. Marketing research is an inevitable element for any businesses that helps in understanding their customers, catering their needs, and turning them into loyal customers. Marketing strategies incorporated with smart technologies are gaining high importance in the tourism and hospitality industries due to three major outcomes such as experience enhancement, revenue improvement and effective operations. Artificial intelligence revamped the hospitality industry with customized services and tailored recommendations based on a wholesome of customer data. Virtual reality technology provides high immersive experience to boost tourism, to enhance customer experience, to influence positive travel decisions.
Enhancing UAS Sensor Operators' Performance in Constrained Network Environments
Authors:   Soar Technology Ind., Purman Benjamin , Dever Daryn , Furlong Bridget , Nulle Matthew
Published: March 2024

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) are currently utilized to for a wide range of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) tasks. However, current operations require transmitting video data from the UAS platform to sensor operators at the ground control station (GCS) in realtime. This approach limits operations to environments where a high-bandwidth, low-latency data connection is available between the UAS platform and the GCS. Our paper examines the effectiveness of Forward Observer, an architecture which mitigates these networking limitations for UAS sensor operators. Forward Observer is designed around the notion of 'bursty' data products. Bursty data products are compressed image files that summarize events in UAS video stream data. To generate these products, Forward Observer incorporates on-board analytics (e.g., object detection, semantic labeling) to identify content of interest, and it incorporates recommendation algorithms to prioritize content to send to the operator. To examine Forward Observer's effectiveness, experienced sensor operators engaged in an ISR task under three conditions: (1) immediate access to bursty data products; (2) limited bandwidth for bursty data product transmission; and (3) Forward Observer capabilities in a limited bandwidth. Results across all research questions found that, with Forward Observer, participants had greater time task efficiency, the amount of data needed for their task was significantly less, and confidence generally increased after approximately six minutes in the ISR task. Implications of these results show that Forward Observer's bursty data products and on-board analytics and prioritization capabilities positively contribute to sensor operators' ISR task efficiency and success.
Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Performance of the Landing Error Scoring System
Authors: McWethy Madison , Norte Grant E. , Bazett-Jones David M. , Murray Amanda M. , Rush Justin L.
Published: March 2024

Context

The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a common assessment used to determine biomechanical landing errors. However, this assessment is completed as a single motor task, which does not require additional attentional resources. It is unclear if the LESS can be used to detect cognitive-motor interference (ie, dual-task cost) in biomechanical errors associated with lower extremity injury.

Objective

To determine if the LESS is a suitable clinical assessment of dual-task performance in uninjured women and to evaluate whether specific landing criteria are more affected by an additional cognitive load than others.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 20 uninjured, physically active female participants (age = 22.4 ± 2.5 years, height = 1.68 ± 0.07 m, mass = 67.0 ± 13.8 kg, Tegner Activity Scale = 5.9 ± 1.1).

Intervention(s)

Participants performed the LESS under 3 different conditions: baseline landing with no cognitive distraction (Single), a visual-based dual task (Visual), and a number-based dual task (Number).

Main Outcome Measures(s)

Mean sagittal-plane, frontal-plane, and total LESS scores were compared between conditions using a 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc correction. A Cohen d effect size with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the magnitude of differences. The frequency of errors for each LESS item under the 3 conditions was compared using χ2 analysis.

Results

Participants exhibited greater sagittal-plane (P = .02, d = 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.26–1.56) and total (P = .008, d = 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.37–1.69) errors during the Visual condition than during the Single condition. The frequency of errors observed for each LESS item did not differ between conditions (all P > .05).

Conclusions

The LESS was able to detect a dual-task cost in landing errors during both the Visual conditions. We recommend developing clinically oriented solutions to incorporate similar dual-task paradigms in traditional injury risk-reduction programs.
Clinico Etiological Profile of “First Seizure” in Children. Experience from an Armed Forces Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Gupta Aparajita , Solanki Reema , Roy Shuvendu , Chakrabarty Sangram
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Seizure in the pediatric group is one of the most common emergencies encountered. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the etiology of a first episode of seizure in children so as to assess the short term as well as long-term prognosis.

Materials and Methods:

We evaluated 86 children 2 months − 12 years presenting to the emergency/outpatient department with the first episode of seizure. Children were further sub-grouped into two age groups of 2 months − 5 years (n = 60) and 5–12 years (n = 26) and acute symptomatic versus unprovoked seizures. Variables assessed were demographics, seizure semiology, laboratory tests, neuroimaging, and outcome at discharge.

Results:

69.7% and 30.2% of children were in the age group 2 months to 5 years and 5–12 years, respectively. The mean age of the children was 4.11 ± 3.44 years. 45.3% of cases of acute symptomatic seizures and 54.6% of cases of unprovoked seizures were observed. Acute symptomatic seizures predominated in 2 months − 5 years (60%) while unprovoked seizures predominated in 5–12 years (88.4%). Focal seizures were predominant in the older age group (46.1%) as compared to the younger age group. About 10.4% of cases of seizures first presented as status epilepticus. The most common etiology identified was febrile seizures (27.9%) followed by central nervous system (CNS) structural lesions (19.7%) and CNS infections (10.4%). CSF was done in 18.6% of patients out of which 56.25% samples were positive for CNS infections. 68.6% of children underwent neuroimaging and abnormalities were reported in 67.7% of cases. About 18.6% of children had focal neurological deficits at discharge. Mortality in the entire cohort was 2.3% with 1 child in each vascular and CNS infections group.

Conclusions:

Children with a first episode of seizure should be evaluated for co-existence of fever, preexisting developmental delays, other associated symptomatology, head trauma, and seizure semiology. Investigations should be done based on a detailed history and clinical examination. Despite a meticulous approach allowing identification of etiology of the first episode of seizure in children, it is possible that no etiology be identified in a substantial number of children, especially in the older age group.
Age-Appropriate Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Slum-Dwelling Young Children in Kolkata during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Das Nivedita , Chatterjee Supantha , Mukhopadhyay Dipta Kanti , Ray Soumalya , Sarkar Mrittika , Seal Moumita
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

COVID-19 pandemic was postulated to affect the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and their nutritional status. This study was planned to assess IYCF practices and nutritional status of infant and young children residing in slum areas and their association with selected background characteristics.

Materials and Methods:

A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in slums of Kolkata Municipal Corporation among 161 mother–child dyads from October to December 2020. After obtaining informed consent, mothers were interviewed to collect information about their socioeconomic status, hardship faced during pandemic, and IYCF practices of their children using indicators proposed by the World Health Organization and Government of India. Weight and height were measured using the standard operating protocol. The proportion was used to express descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression models were used for calculating the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) using PSPP (v 1.20).

Results:

Only 64 (39.8%) children received age-appropriate feeding; 73 (45.3%) had single/multiple anthropometric failure(s). Reduction of family income was reported by 142 (88.2%) respondents. Children aged 6–8 months (AOR = 17.08, 6.43–45.42) were more likely to not have appropriate feeding. Association of female gender (AOR = 2.00, 1.01–4.00), maternal education less than middle class (AOR = 2.58, 1.22–5.46), and lack of appropriate feeding (AOR = 2.57, 1.08–6.12) were statistically significant with the presence of anthropometric failure.

Conclusions:

The study revealed a dismal scenario of child feeding and nutritional status of young children in the urban slums of Kolkata. Pandemic and imposed restrictions hit the families hard by reducing income and increasing food-related costs.
Hydration Therapy to Improve Amniotic Fluid Index and its Association with Improved Obstetric Outcome in a Teaching Hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Biswas Jhuma , Mondal Swarnakamal , Dasgupta Shyamal , Datta Mousumi , Khatun Nasima , Jyothi Lakavath
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Oligohydramnios is associated with fetal complications and a higher incidence of maternal operative morbidity. A study was planned to determine the effect of hydration therapy in the correction of oligohydramnios in pregnancy and to assess if improvement in amniotic fluid index (AFI) is associated with better obstetric outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

Analytical study with a prospective design, conducted over 1 year from July 2020 to December 2021. Pregnant women in their third trimester with singleton pregnancy and intact membranes, diagnosed to have oligohydramnios were the participants. All women undertook oral rehydration therapy. The proportion of women achieving posthydration cutoff values of AFI and single deepest vertical pocket, was recorded by abdominal ultrasound examination at 24, 48, and 72 h. Adequacy of hydration was assessed by urinary specific gravity, before and after hydration therapy.

Results:

There were 120 participants. The mean age of the participants was 25.6 years (standard deviation = 5.7). Majority were multigravida. About 60%–80% of women improved with hydration therapy and the proportion of women showing improvement increased with time. Women with uncorrected AFI (<5 cm) at 24 and 48 h had significantly higher odds of preterm delivery, cesarean delivery, low-birth-weight baby, baby having 5 min Apgar score < 6, higher likelihood of Sick Newborn Care Unit admission and neonatal death.

Conclusion:

Maternal hydration therapy can be of value to improve the fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies with oligohydramnios by preventing preterm termination and reducing cesarean deliveries with good neonatal outcomes. Such simple intervention can be home based and assures universal health coverage.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in Control of Bleeding in Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Satpathy Goutam Kumar , Swain Sabyasachi , Gouri L. V. , Nanda Debi Prasad
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Among the various strategies for in routine total knee replacement (TKR), tranexamic acid (TA) has always been a safer and affordable method. Surgeons have used it in intravenous, intraarticular or in a combined manner to reduce blood loss because it is easily available and has an easy dosing regimen. We aim to find out its efficacy and associated complication when used intravenously.

Materials and Methods:

This study was done in our institute among 27 cases who was operated for primary TKR. They were distributed into two groups based on the use of TA. Hemodynamic parameters such as blood loss, reduction in hemoglobin (Hb), and blood transfusion were assessed. Student's t-test and ANOVA were utilized for tests of significance.

Results:

Out of 27 patients, 17 (62.9%) were female and in the age group of 51–60 years. Most 22 (81.5%) had osteoarthritis. The difference in blood loss across various pathologies and comorbidities was statistically insignificant. Average blood loss was 266.2 ml ± 64 ml (Range = 150–406 ml) per TKR in the 1st group. In 2nd, it was 667.5 ± 111.5 ml (Range = 414–860 ml) (P < 0.001). Mean Hb loss was 0.78 ± 0.275 g/dl (Range = 0.1–1.2 g/dl) in Group A. It was statistically significant comparing to Group B where it was 1.86 ± 0.55 g/dl (Range = 1.5–3.7 g/dl). Tourniquet used though decreased blood loss, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

TA used in intravenously is very effective in decreasing the loss of blood and transfusion requirements in patients of primary TKR.
Postoperative Herpes Viral Infections in Neurosurgery – An Experience and Arguments for and against the Plausible Hypotheses
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Sahana Debabrata , Rathore Lavlesh , Jain Amit , Borde Praveen , Tawari Manish , Sahu Rajiv
Published: March 2024

Background:

The literature contains several reports of herpes recrudescence after neurosurgery. We analyze our experience by vindicating or refuting the existing plausible hypotheses.

Material and Methods:

This is a retrospective review of all neurosurgical cases that developed postoperative herpes infection between January 2016 and June 2020.

Results:

Six patients developed herpes infection after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. Other neurosurgical cases did not develop herpes infection. There were five females and one male, with a mean age of 44.1 years. Four out of six patients developed delayed facial palsy (DFP) and did not improve after antiviral treatment. Postoperative herpes infections were 0.2% among all operated patients, 3.07% among all cerebellopontine (CP) angle surgeries, and 5.6% among VS surgeries.

Conclusions:

To date, none of the plausible hypotheses satisfactorily addresses all aspects of viral recrudescence. The etiology may be multi-factorial, and in all cases of unexplained clinical deterioration, herpes infection needs consideration in the differential diagnosis.
Differential Protein Expression between the Motor and Sensory Fascicles in Rat Femoral Nerve Injury
Authors: Xianyu Meng , Zhenggang Bi , Jian Shang , Laijin Lu
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:

It is important to distinguish between motor and sensory fascicles of the peripheral nerves for nerve alignment in surgery. However, there are no biomarkers currently available for effective identification of motor or sensory fascicles. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed proteins between motor and sensory fascicles of rats in response to injury.

Settings and Design:

The study was carried out using a rat femoral nerve injury model.

Materials:

A proteomic analysis was performed to detect differential protein expression using samples of bilateral motor and sensory branches of intact and injured rat femoral nerves through fluorescent two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.

Statistical Analysis:

Chi-square tests and t-tests were performed for comparison between motor or sensory nerve groups.

Results:

The data identified six proteins that were differentially expressed between motor and sensory fascicles (>1.5-fold, P < 0.05), including apolipoprotein E, neurofilament light polypepticle, TEC kinase, serine protease inhibitor A3N, peroxiredoxin-2, and TPM1. The proteomic results were consistent with the mRNA expression levels of these genes as determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that these proteins may play roles in nerve regeneration and repair. Importantly, apolipoprotein E and Serpina3n may serve as specific biomarkers for distinguishing motor and sensory fascicles of the peripheral nerves for nerve alignment in surgery.
Myositis in H1N1 Infection Compounds to Myasthenic Crisis
Authors: Kalita Jayantee , Chaudhary Sarvesh K , Pandey Prakash C , Singh Varun K , Misra Usha K
Published: March 2024

Infection is an important trigger of myasthenic crisis (MC), and those infections manifest with pneumonia and muscle involvement may result in more frequent MC. We report two myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with H1N1 infection, and highlight the reasons for deterioration. Two patients with MG had H1N1 infection. The diagnosis of MG was confirmed by neostigmine, repetitive nerve stimulation, and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody tests. H1N1 was confirmed by nucleic acid detection study, and myositis by creatinine kinase. The patient with pneumonia and myositis had MC needing mechanical ventilation for 10 days, and the other patient without myositis did not have MC. They were treated with oseltamivir 75 mg twice daily for 5 days, and the patients with MC received ceftriaxone intravenously. Both the patients were on prednisolone and azathioprine, and none received prior H1N1 vaccination. The lady with MC with myositis was discharged on day 27 in wheelchair bound state, and the other one patient without myositis or MC was discharged on 6th day with full recovery. These patients highlight the need for evaluation for myositis along with pneumonia in the MG patients with H1N1 infection. Vaccination in MG patients on immunosuppression may be useful.
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis, a Treatable Disorder Often Missed: Case Series of Three Patients Confirmed by Genetic Testing
Authors: Yaqoob Arjimand , Dar Waseem R. , Raina Adnan , Khuja Zubair , Chandra Amit , Bukhari Immia , Ganie Hilal , Wani Maqbool , Asimi Ravouf
Published: March 2024

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a treatable autosomal recessive disorder with varied clinical manifestations and age of onset and is often diagnosed late. We report three cases of CTX who presented at our center with clinical features of frequent diarrhea, early cataracts, xanthomas, cognitive decline, ataxia, neuropathy, and other manifestations of CTX. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain in all three patients revealed abnormalities consistent with CTX. Diagnosis was confirmed by next-generation sequencing. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is recommended as the drug of choice, as it can halt the disease progression and reverse some of the symptoms. In addition to late diagnosis, nonavailability of CDCA in our part of world adds to the problem of management of such patients; therefore, they are often started on alternative therapies, which are less effective.
Melatonin Levels in Children with Migraine
Authors: Aydın Tahir , Ayça Senem , Yurdakul Kamer , Elevli Murat
Published: March 2024

Background:

Migraine is the most common primary headache in children. Neuromediators and deterioration in circadian rhythm and sleep disorders can play a role in the etiology of migraines.

Aim:

To determine the serum melatonin levels of children with migraine and the relationship between melatonin and childhood migraine.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-five children aged between 10 and 18 years with migraine as the case group and 35 healthy children of similar age and sex as the control group were included in the study. Venous blood samples were taken at 09.00 AM and melatonin analysis was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:

The mean serum melatonin levels of the case group and control group were found to be 300.1 ± 67.3 pg/mL and 314.9 ± 64.0 pg/mL, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.351). Comparison of the melatonin levels in the case group according to the clinical characteristics was not significantly different.

Conclusion:

An association between sleep and migraine is predictable, but its pathophysiology is not yet known. Etiological studies continue and the relationship between melatonin and migraine remains unclear.