bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Lossless Compression Algorithms using Multithreading
Authors: P Srividya
Published: March 2023

The process of reducing the number of bits required to characterize data is referred to as compression. The advantages of compression include a reduction in the time taken to transfer data from one point to another, and a reduction in the cost required for the storage space and network bandwidth. There are two types of compression algorithms namely lossy compression algorithm and lossless compression algorithm. Lossy algorithms find utility in compressing audio and video signals whereas lossless algorithms are used in compressing text messages. The advent of the internet and its worldwide usage has not only raised the utility but also the storage of text, audio and video files. These multimedia files demand more storage space as compared to traditional files. This has given rise to the requirement for an efficient compression algorithm. There is a considerable improvement in the computing performance of the machines due to the advent of the multi-core processor. However, this multi-core architecture is not used by compression algorithms. This paper shows the implementation of lossless compression algorithms namely the Lempel-Ziv-Markov Algorithm, BZip2 and ZLIB algorithms using the concept of multithreading. The results obtained prove that the ZLIB algorithm proves to be more efficient in terms of the time taken to compress and decompress the text. The comparison is done for both compressions without multithreading and compression with multi-threading.
Comparing Image Captioning Techniques using Deep Learning Models
Authors: Sayyed Rizwan , Satpute Akash , Varkhede Tushar , Zore Prasad , Surana Priya
Published: March 2023

Websites today generate tremendous amounts of data and this data needs to be processed effectively by the creators. One such important factor is processing images on the website and generating effective data from it through techniques like Web Scraping. This process can be done through techniques like Image Captioning. Image captioning is a powerful process that involves generating descriptive image captions. The ability to generate detailed and accurate descriptions of images is extremely valuable in many different fields, particularly in machine learning-based applications and systems. Images often contain a wealth of information that can be difficult for machines to understand without the help of advanced algorithms. Image captioning is one way to extract and use this information for a variety of purposes. Image captioning can also be used in self-driving cars to help vehicles navigate the environment more effectively. It can also be used to develop software for blind people, providing them with descriptions of the images that they cannot see. To accomplish image captioning, we rely on models based on deep learning, specifically advancements in natural language processing. One approach to creating these models involves using pre-trained CNNs and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) like ResNet and LSTM. These pre-trained models can be combined with natural language processing techniques to generate captions for images. As deep learning continues to evolve, there will likely be even more advanced techniques and models that can be used to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of image captioning. Overall, image captioning is a valuable tool that can help us better understand and utilize the vast amount of information contained in images.
A review/survey paper on Nanobots in Medical Applications for detection of leukemia in human beings
Authors: Deekshitha P  , Pavithra G  , Sindhu Shree M  , T.C.Manjunath  , Aditya T.G  , Sandeep K.V  , Rajashekar M. Koyyeda  , Suhasini V.K  , Vijayakumar K.N
Published: March 2023

This research examines or surveys the use of nanobots in the medical field. Nanorobotics is the science and technology of developing and fabricating small machines, particularly robotic machines. A nanorobot is any "smart" structure with nanoscale actuation, sensing, signalling, information processing, intelligence, manipulation, and swarm behaviour (10-9m). The phrase "nanorobotics" contrasts with the term "microrobotics" and refers to the branch of nanotechnology engineering that focuses on building and fabricating nanorobots with components that are nanoscale or molecular in nature and range in size from 0.1 to 10 micrometres. One of the early applications of nanomachines in society is in medicine. The biological tools are used to find and get rid of cancer cells. The project presented here was completed as part of the curriculum by a second-year post-graduate student in Bangalore's Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering's electronics and communication engineering department.
Intelligent Ambulance – AI and Human Interface Technology
Authors: Ashwini M  , Bindu K.R  , Divya K.K  , Aishwarya C  , Sindhu Sree M  , Pavithra G  , T.C.Manjunath  , Aditya T.G  , Sandeep K.V  , Rajashekar M. Koyyeda  , Suhasini V.K  , Vijayakumar K.N
Published: March 2023

This paper involves the review of papers related to an efficient ambulance management system in this project report we will be going through research papers related to similar topics and find information to improve the process of making an ambulance intelligent. India’s population is increasing as each day is passing. The increase in population puts a lot of strain and management of resources from medical, government services and many more. The strain on the resources results in citizens not getting proper help in the time of need. The main example of this process is ambulance management system which is the first line of help process in time of need. If a patient or a victim does not get an ambulance in time then the patient’s life is surely at risk. So there needs to be proper mechanism to handle this important resource and help patients in time. Latest technologies such as cloud computing, IoT, AI, ML and mobile computing can be used to improve the ambulance management and emergency help services. . Ambulance service is one of the crucial services that gets delayed. Sometimes on-sight doctors are not available, so the patient does not get medical attention immediately. In health monitoring system, the patient's vital health parameters such as ECG, Heart Rate and Body Temperature are monitored. These parameters are sent the hospital server using IoT and cloud technology. In the current era of technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a vital role in the health care sector especially cardiac disease detection which is a major cause of sudden death. The work given here is a mini-project that is taken up as a part of the curriculum completed by electronics and communication engineering students in the second year of the electronics & communication engineering department at Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering in Bangalore.
Churn Detection Using Machine Learning in the Retail Industry
Authors: Prithi Madhavan  , K. Tamizharasi
Published: March 2023

The top priority of any business is a constant need Increase sales and profitability. one of the causes of a reduction in profit occurs when an existing customer stops trading. When a customer leaves or terminates the company, potential sales or cross-selling opportunities are lost. When the customer leaves the store without any advice. It can be difficult for companies to respond and take corrective action. Ideally, companies should act proactively and identify themselves chances are you will churn before they leave. customer retention strategies have proven to be less expensive than attracting new ones client. Through data available at the POS(POS) system, extract customer transactions, you can analyze their buying behavior. In this paper Features are created through transactional data and how they are created Identified as important for predicting retail churn industry. Data provided in this document refer to local resident’s supermarket. Thus, dropouts are identified and results are obtained. The results obtained are based on real scenarios. The novelty of this paper is the concept of implementing deep learning algorithms. Convolutional Neural Networks and Restricted Boltzmann Machine is the deep learning technique of choice or restricted Boltzmann machine gave the best results 83% in predicting customer attrition.
Tourism, Risk Management, Sustainability options, the India Story
Authors: Shaheed Khan  , Freeda Maria Swarna M  , Awdhesh Kumar  , Ashish Kumar Panda
Published: March 2023

The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, within hours in some cases brought sorrow to many countries, India too suffered with Tamil Nadu reporting damage and deaths in Chennai, Velankanni, Cuddalore, Kaniyakumari, Poompuhar, and Nagapattinam to mention a few. It was the year end, and many were traveling to various places to spend time with family and friends in tourist centers. The reported deaths were 8000. All places of tourism of various hues. In 2013, the sudden rapid melting of ice and snow on the Kedarnath Mountain which in turn flooded Chorabari Lake upstream and eruption of the Mandakini River inundated the Pilgrimage town of Kedarnath, catching the pilgrims with surprise and the others who were unaware of the impending disaster downstream. The reported deaths were 5000. The heart of Pilgrimage tourism for the devout. ‘Gods own Country,’ Kerala in 2018 had to declare red alert in all its 14 districts, more than a million souls had to be evacuated from Chengannur, Aranmula, Kozhencherry, Ayiroor, Ranni, Pandalam, Kuttanad, Malappuram, Aluva, Chalakudy, Thrissur, Thiruvalla, Chellanam, Vypin Island, Palakkad, the list is endless; More than 490 were reported dead, 15 missing. The severe floods, due to high rainfall, land-slides which made small villages and towns disappear; was scary. Kerala is a known tourism hub. Whether it is tourism or ecotourism, one question asked, are we prepared for any Disaster that may occur at any point in time? Are the Destination Management Organizations prepared to face any eventuality. The research paper is a work in progress and makes an effort to answer questions from across India through case studies, if the Tourism system indeed is ready to face disasters.
Nanopartículas en Ortodoncia una visión actual
Authors: Pacheco Quito Edisson Mauricio , Sacoto Figueroa Fernanda Katherine , Lima Illescas Miriam Verónica , Cuenca León Katherine de los Ángeles
Published: March 2023

La terapia ortodóntica permite la mejora funcional y estética de las piezas
dentales que tienen mal posición, sin embargo, da lugar a la formación de nichos para el
desarrollo de microorganismos debido a la dificultad de higiene y retención de
alimentos, en consecuencia, se ha desarrollado materiales antimicrobianos basados en
nanotecnología. Por lo que el presente capítulo tiene como objetivo recopilar
información actualizada con respecto a nanopartículas aplicadas en el campo ortodóntico.
La metodología tuvo un diseño no experimental con enfoque cuantitativo, documental de
corte transversal. Los resultados muestran que en el ámbito ortodóntico las
nanopartículas se utilizan como recubrimiento o en combinación con materiales del área,
siendo la plata el principal nanoparticulado en uso con efectos antimicrobianos y sin
acción adversa en las propiedades físicas y químicas del mismo. A pesar de que son
grandes las ventajas de las nanopartículas es necesario ampliar los estudios clínicos
para establecer criterios plenos para su ejecución terapeútica.
Etiología, clasificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las maloclusiones en niños
mediante el uso de aparatos bimaxilares de ortopedia funcional maxilar
Authors: Bustamante Quichimbo Daniela del Cisne , Puebla Ramos Lorenzo , Pesantez Solano Sonia Maribel , Ramos Montiel Ronald Roossevelt
Published: March 2023

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, las maloclusiones hacen referencia a
las alteraciones en las posiciones dentales y sus repercusiones en los tejidos duros y
blandos de la región cráneo-cérvico maxilofacial; es así que, podrían producirse
diversas modificaciones que afectarían de manera importante la función y equilibrio
óseo-dental, mismos que infieren en la calidad de vida de cada individuo. De tal manera,
hasta la actualidad se proponen diversas terapéuticas clínicas en las áreas de la salud
de cabeza y cuello, que se enfocan en el tratamiento temprano o durante la dentición
mixta, con el fin de guiar el crecimiento y desarrollo hacia una oclusión
estable/equilibrada y un funcionamiento saludable de la articulación temporomandibular.
En tal sentido la Ortopedia Funcional de los Maxilares es la ciencia que consiste en el
manejo de medidas terapéuticas para eliminar las interferencias no deseadas ocurridas
durante los procesos fisiológicos del ser humano mediante el uso de aparatología
ortopédica funcional fija y/o removible.
Estimación tridimensional de la porción condilar en adultos jóvenes con
normo-oclusión de la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador
Authors: Pulgarin Fernández Celia María , Campoverde Torres Cristian Hernán , Zapata Hidalgo Christian David , Calderón Barzallo Mario Leonardo , Ramos Montiel Ronald Roossevelt
Published: March 2023

La articulación temporomandibular es una articulación sinovial bilateral que
permite la rotación y desplazamiento del cóndilo mandibular; así como también, los
movimientos de apertura, cierre, protrusión, retrusión y lateralidad de la mandíbula y
está compuesta anatómicamente por el tubérculo articular, el disco articular, la fosa
mandibular (cartílagos articulares) y el cóndilo mandibular. Sin embargo, en la
articulación temporomandibular ¿que es correcto y que no? Esta respuesta en cierto modo
tiene diversas respuestas en el marco de la complejidad de la forma y la función en las
relaciones de la región cráneo-cérvico maxilofacial; por lo cual, se realizó un estudio
descriptivo de corte trasversal no experimental, el universo estuvo constituido por 580
individuos; de los cuales, la muestra fue de tipo censal y estuvo constituida por 170
adultos jóvenes de 18 a 24 años de edad de ambos sexos que cumplieron los criterios de
inclusión; mismos que, para la participación en la investigación firmaron su
autorización mediante el consentimiento informado. Para el análisis estadístico se
utilizó el software SPSS v26.0 (IBM, SPSS, Chicago, Il, USA), la presentación de datos
cuantitativos se realizó mediante la media ± desviación estándar y para el umbral de
significancia se utilizó un valor p<0,05.
Consecuencias de la caducidad de las facultades de control y resolutora otorgadas a
la Contraloría General del Estado
Authors: Racines Garrido Fabián Patricio
Published: March 2023

La importancia del desarrollo de este tema radica, desde una óptica teórica y
empírica, procurar en la comunidad jurídica, usuarios de los servicios de justicia y
administración pública, un mejor entendimiento de la caducidad, como institución
jurídica dentro del ámbito, aplicada a las actividades llevadas a cabo por parte de la
Contraloría General del Estado, como son las de control y la potestad resolutora; y, lo
imperioso que resulta su declaratoria cuando aquella se ha producido, ya sea de oficio
por parte de la administración de control, o por parte de la jurisdicción contencioso
administrativa dentro de un proceso judicial, ello además, sin dejar de analizar las
consecuencias que se generan por permitir que la caducidad haya operado por su propia
inacción o negligencia, así como por la falta declaración de la misma en su propia
sede.
Comparative Analysis of Two Different Treatment Methods in Pilonidal Sinus Disease in Childhood: Phenol and Surgical Excision
Authors: Çalışkan Bahadır , Bahadır Gökhan Berktuğ
Published: March 2023

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common infectious and chronic inflammatory problem in the pediatric age group with no precise incidence data. PSD is more common in the pediatric age group between the ages of 15-17 due to rush routine educational activities in this age group, such as university entrance examinations. It is essential to early back to the daily routine, which the patient and parent highly desire, after treatment in PSD. This study was performed between December 2016 and March 2020. The files of 152 pediatric patients treated for PSD were analyzed retrospectively. The study group included 96 boys (63.2%) and 56 girls (36.8%). Eighty-five patients (55.9%) underwent phenol application, 41 (27.0%) underwent surgery, and 26 (17.1%) children underwent multiple procedures. The mean age of the patients was 16.2±1.39 years. The mean follow-up time was 21.6±12.2 months, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.2±4.4 kg/m2. In the phenol group, the mean age was 16.3±1.2 years, the mean follow-up time was 17.3±9.55 months, and the mean BMI was 24.6±4.31 kg/m2. In the surgical group, the mean age was 16.0±1.74 years, the follow-up time was 35.6±3.82 months, and the mean BMI was 25.6±4.66 kg/m2. The patients' demographic data were gathered age, gender, BMI, type of procedure, number of applications, follow-up, complications, recurrence rate, and postoperative complication. Phenol application has essential advantages over surgical procedures in treating PSD, such as simple application, short hospitalization, cost-effectiveness, and low complication rates. To sum up, the phenol procedure is a straightforward treatment method that reduces complication rates and provides an early return to ordinary life.
Vol. 14 No. 1 (2018): Journal Scientific and Applied Research
Authors:   Vol. 14 No. 1 (2018): Journal Scientific and Applied Research, Boyanov Petar
Published: March 2023

Vol. 14 No. 1 (2018): Journal Scientific and Applied Research
Simultaneous Analysis of Tablets Content Vitamin C And Zinc In Visible Spectrophotometry
Authors: Sulasmi Sulasmi , Muchlisyam Muchlisyam , Haro Ginda
Published: March 2023

Most drugs on the market contain multiple active ingredients, each of which is intended to enhance the drug's therapeutic effect and ease of administration. Determination of the levels of efficacious substances in drug preparations is essential for agencies that conduct drug determinations, such as the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) and the drug industry; therefore, a rapid and dependable analytical method, as well as relatively inexpensive and easily accessible tools and operational costs, are required. In practice, however, it can produce accurate and precise results. This research will be conducted by optimizing the solvent and simultaneously analyzing the levels of Vitamin C and Zinc in the tablet preparation without any separation step using visible spectrophotometry. Vitamin C and Zinc were found to be soluble in a mixture of methanol and water with a ratio of 50:50 after a single examination with the addition of the complexing agent dhitizon at a concentration of 0.1%, which produced a pink color. Calculation of Vitamin C and Zinc's linearity. The linearity value described is the correlation coefficient value for both Vitamin C and Zinc, which is very close to one, indicating an excellent relationship between the drug concentration and the absorbance value. This also suggests that absorbance will increase as concentration increases. The method validation requirements for linearity, accuracy, and precision as well as the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were met by the analytical method validation with promising results.
Determinant Factors Customer Satisfaction and its Implication on Customer Loyalty: From the Perspective of Customers of Vespa
Authors: Tannady Hendy , Purnamaningsih Purnamaningsih
Published: March 2023

This study intends to examine the relationship between brand equity, product quality, and service quality, as well as their partial and simultaneous effects on consumer satisfaction and loyalty. Path analysis is the data processing technique employed by researchers. 100 Vespa customers served as the sample for this study's respondents. Primary data were gathered as a consequence of respondents' responses to the questionnaires that were sent out. According to the findings from the first equation, brand equity, product quality, and service quality all have a simultaneous and partial impact on customer happiness. According to the study's findings, the variables of product quality, service quality, brand equity, and customer happiness have a simultaneous and partial impact on customer loyalty based on the second equation.
Pharmacological approach on kalanchoe pinnata – a concise report
Authors: Shankar Jai , V Ajay B , Gowda Hiteesh , Karthik  , R Bharathi D , M Rupesh Kumar
Published: March 2023

The herbal extract of different parts of the kalanchoe pinnata plant are being used for the treatment of injuries, respiratory infections, diabetes, wound healing, diabetic wound healing, bug stings, and pain and inflammation. This genus has about 125 species. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, macro elements, microelements, iron, zinc, vitamins, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, and niacin are all present in the plant. It is mainly used in treatment of urinary bladder stones, diarrhea, cold, coughs, fever, headache, pain. It has wide pharmacological properties such as antihypertensive, anti-mutagenic, antibacterial, wound healing, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and antioxidant activities.
Comparative analysis of phosphoproteomic in the intestine of Sepia lycidas under different salinity environments
Authors: Yang Changgeng , Li Qiqi , Chen Huimei , Yang Mengyu , Jiang Xiang , Xu Lele
Published: March 2023

Cuttlefish are sensitive to the breeding environment, and the low-salinity environment significantly impacts their growth and immunity. So far, it is difficult to breed this species artificially. This study was conducted in Sepia lycidas. And the aim was to investigate the differences in protein phosphorylation in the intestine of S. lycidas under different salinity conditions. Firstly, 999 phosphoproteins (specific peptide ≥ 1), 1928 phosphopeptides, and 2727 phosphorylation sites were identified. Among them were 284 down-regulated expression phosphorylation sites (corresponding to 115 phosphoproteins) and 674 up-regulated expression phosphorylation sites (corresponding to 408 phosphoproteins) in the intestine under a low salinity environment compared with that under a natural salinity environment. Next, GO analysis found that more phosphoproteins corresponding to differentially expressed phosphorylation sites were related to anatomical structure development, multicellular organism development, regulation of the cellular process, etc. The molecular functions of these proteins mainly contain protein binding, transferase activity, catalytic activity, and heterocyclic compound binding. And they are mainly involved in the cellular components of intracellular anatomical structure, organelle, and cytoplasm. KEGG enrichment analysis of the differential phosphoproteins suggested that many significantly enriched pathways were related to the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, cell junction (adherens junction and tight junction), and inositol phosphate metabolism. Finally, changes in environmental salinity can affect the intestinal structure, metabolism, and immune homeostasis of S. lycidas.
Extraction of Prosopis Cineraria from Bikaner, Rajasthan of India- Detection of Compounds via GCMS, Calibration via HPLC, UV, FTIR, FESEM EDAX- An Anti-Cancer Agent For Blood Cancer with Validated IC50 via Testing Over Country Eggs
Authors: Yamini  , SR Singara Subramanian
Published: March 2023

In order to analyze the potential bioactive constituents of leaf extracts of Prosopis Cineraria/ Khejri- National tree of Rajasthan, a plant with enormous Ayurvedic properties, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) along with Ultra Violet Spectroscopy (UV) and added Field Emission Scanning Emission Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (FESEM-EDAX) were carried out. The authors too demonstrated cell line studies via MTT Assay for MOLT 4, blood cancer in different concentrations and found Khejri as toxic with validated IC50. Further, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were tested and certain compounds gave spectrum with few major peaks concluded by other results, most of which are bioactive compounds which may act as antimicrobial, anti-cancerous, antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents. On an all, Khejri/Sami leaves of Mimosaceae family of Spunge tree is having anti cancerous properties for blood cancer that may repair punctured blood vessels if being treated properly. The authors have demonstrated the testing over country eggs with treated/ untreated group of eggs and found the formation of blood vessels that gesture how effective the drug is, being composed of Khejri extract. It is not only confined to cancer diseases but acts as a very good agent for inflammation, digestion and conjunctivitis. On an all, this natural compound so extracted is found to be useful for blood cancer with IC50 as 57.11 that simply reflect that the medicine composed from the same will be highly beneficial for cancer patients - let it be Ayurvedic, homoeopathic or allopathic.
Concept of Apatarpana: Bird’s Eye View
Authors: Afroja Yeasmin Akhtar Roji  , Murlidhar Paliwal
Published: March 2023

Ayurveda has universal and person-centric approach in relation to health and diseases, which requires essential consideration of several factors in the process of diagnostic work-up. Guidelines regarding Ahara-vihara, Nidra and Brahmcharya are elaborately described in different Ayurvedic compendium in scientific way. One needs to follow these principles or guidelines to achieve Purushartha, namely Dharma (doing activities based on morality), Artha (economic prosperity), Kama (desire), and Moksha (self-realization/liberation). For the maintenance of homeostasis in the body (Dhatusamya) one must follow the instructions regarding daily and seasonal regimens (Dinaharya, Ratricharya and Ritucharya) and treatment modalities of respective diseases. Treatment procedure also depends on individual’s Prakriti, Desha, Kala, Matra etc. According to Ayurveda all treatment modalities can be divided in two folds i.e., Santarpana and Apatarpana. Apatarpana in terms of malnutrition is responsible for developing of several kinds of Kuposana-janya-vyadhi or diseases. Agni vaisamya is prime factors for genesis of all diseases as well as Kuposan janya-vyadhi. Based on severity and etiology they are different in type such as Karshya, Phakka, etc. In India 40% of world’s malnourished children and 35% of developing worlds low-birth weight infants are present. Hence, Agni dipana and proper nutrition plays a very crucial role to solve all major problems related to Apatarpana. In the first step, if we treat the Agnidusti and provide proper nutrition, then breaks the vicious chain of pathogenesis of all Apatarpanaja vyadhis. The study of Apatarpana is very much important in the field of Chikitsa to maintain the quality life.
Conceptual Study of Vedini Twacha Sharir with special reference to Visarpa Vyadhi (Herpes Zoster)
Authors: Roshani Yawale  , Rajni Gurmule  , Gopal Sharma  , Meena Harode
Published: March 2023

Ayurveda is holistic science and traditional system of Indian medicine. It belongs to maintain the balance of Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala for wellbeing of human. In medical science, anatomy has prime importance in order to diagnose and treat the disease. As Sharirsthana are explained in Ayurveda Samhitas to understand the development of internal and external body parts. Twacha (skin) is the important part of our body which is one among the five Dnyanendriyas (sensory organ).
Twacha (skin) is one of the biggest and outermost protecting organs of the body. Sapta Twacha, it’s Utpatti, its thickness, and Sapta Twacha related disease has mentioned in Sushruta Samhita. Each layer has its own significance, as it is a site of respective disease. Out of seven layers Vedini Twacha belongs to fifth layer with associated disease Kushtha and Visarpa. Sign and symptoms of Visarpa are found to be kindred with Herpes Zoster in modern medicine. Current article embellished the Vedini Twacha is a locus for Visarpa Vyadhi (herpes Zoster).
Pharmagonostical Analysis and Chromotographical Fingerprinting of Vajradanti (Potentilla fulgens (Wall.) ex Hook.)
Authors: Deeksha  , Kiran Vashisht  , Suresh Chaubey  , D.C Singh
Published: March 2023

Poor oral hygiene or tooth disorders are very common and severely agonizing ailment leads to teeth loss or damaging of teeth, so it is the need of the hour to search for a potent drug which can fight this condition. Vajradanti is first described in Ayurvedic text Arka Prakash and Dravyagunakosha. Later in some Ethnomedicinal books Vajradanti is mentioned as potent medicine for Dantvikar, Udarshoola etc. Potentilla fulgens (Wall.) ex Hook. of Rosaceae family is an alpine medicinal plant that is found in temperate Himalaya between 2000-3000m. The root of the plant is of good medicinal value and has been used as folk remedy for treating ailments like diabetes mellitus, gastric problems, peptic ulcers, diarrhoea, cancer, toothache, pyorrhoea, cough, cold and also has anthelmintic property. A detailed pharmacognostical character of its root is not reported still yet. Methods: An attempt has been made to study the macroscopic and microscopic character, physicochemical analysis, phytochemical analysis, and chromatographic studies of its root following standard procedures. Two different extracts of Vajradanti root was used to access the physicochemical and HPTLC analysis. Research work was carried out as per standard operating procedures and specified protocols. Result: Results showed that in physicochemical evaluation aqueous extract 2.4%, hydro-ethanol extract 2.5%, total ash 8.6%, water soluble ash 1.38%, acid and insoluble ash 3.01%. HPTLC results for the quantification of epicatechin in EPF was analyzed for the first time by scanning at wavelength (λmax 366nm) and the quantity of epicatechin present in Vajradanti was estimated to be 0.032% w/w. In phytochemical analysis presence of carbohydrate, protein, glycosides, amino acid, protein in extract of Vajradanti. Conclusion: Vajradanti is a highly potent medicine for oral diseases due to presence of flavanols like epicatechin.
Critical Review on Avarana with Contemporary Understanding
Authors: Arathi Devaraj  , Gopikrishna S  , Saranya K
Published: March 2023

Vata has given utmost importance in Ayurveda. Starting from molding the shape of Garbha, Vata controls various bodily activities, including the Manas. Like other two Dosha, the normalcy of Vata maintains health, or diseases otherwise. Vata is the one with the ability to move and also do propulsion of other Dosha, Dhathu and Mala. Avarana is one among the unique concept attributed to the pathologies involving Vata Dosha. The Gatyatmakata of Vata being afflicted in the Avarana and hence resulting in the diseases. The minute fluctuations in the Gati or the movement of Vata can alter the normal health. Knowledge of Avarana is also useful in the treatment of Vatavyadhi. The Anutva and Amurtatva of Vata making this composite process more complicated to understand and even diagnose. In general, there occurs an interruption to the normal movement or flow of Vata dosha that can be compared to various pathologies as disequilibrium of Starling force, turbulent flow or even sludged blood. E H Starling, proposed that the four primary forces that determine whether fluid will move out of the blood into the interstitial fluid or in the opposite direction. Any changes in these forces end up in disequilibrium in capillary exchange. The normal laminar flow of blood becomes turbulent, when the rate of blood of is high, when it passes any obstruction (eg: atherosclerotic plaque), when it makes a sharp turn or when it passes through a rough surface. In case of sludged blood, a block occurs in many of the very small blood vessels leading to the ischemic changes in the tissues. In all these conditions, there affects the movement or flow and hence result in pathologies. Hence it can be compared to that of Avarana.
Concept of Sira and Significance of Varna (colour) in understanding Type of Conduit, Content and Function
Authors: Uma Gopal  , Sanchita  , Simi C.P  , Shoba G  , Abegunasekara N.S
Published: March 2023

Sira Shareera is a chapter dealt under Shareera Sthana of Sushruta Samhita, that deals with description regarding vascular entity and its distribution and function in the body. In Sushruta Samhita specific colours are mentioned for different kinds of Sira based on conducting material. Aruna Varna for Vatavaha Sira, Neela Varna for Pittavaha Sira, Gourya Varna for Kaphavaha Sira and Rohini Varna for Raktavaha Sira. These colours of the Sira depends on the nature and colour of material conducting through these Sira. The word Sira is not confined only to one type of structural entity but is used for tubular vessels of the body such as nerve, vein, artery, lymph vessels etc. In such condition it is very difficult to understand the concept of Sira doubtlessly in terms of modern anatomy. Therefore, it requires critical literature review and analytical probe to understand the concept of Sira.
Importance of Agni and Ama in Pratishyaya Chikitsa - An Integrative Approach
Authors: Pratima Paudel  , Shamsa Fiaz
Published: March 2023

Agni can be considered as the digestive component in the body at the level of Jatharagni, Bhootagni and Dhatvagni. It is given utmost importance in Ayurveda for if the Agni is inefficient in functioning, then it leads to the formation of Ama which then gives rise to multiple ailments starting from Jvara to complicated diseases. Ama Chikitsa is specially recommended in five diseases like Akshi Roga, Kukshi Roga, Pratishyaya, Vrana, and Jvara. Ayurveda explains the features of Ama Pratishyaya and also has given demarcation between Ama and Pakva Pratishyaya for the purpose of treatment. The Amajanya Lakshanas of Pratishyaya include- heaviness of head, anorexia, rhinorrhoea, voice change, etc. Multiple studies done in Allopathic science show the association of GERD, gut microbes and gastritis with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. The initial treatment in acute condition (Amaja Pratishyaya) is based on Agni Chikitsa or Amapachana which is considered very important as it can even prevent the future disease entity. The initial treatment begins with Deepana-Pachana Kashaya in the form of Panchakola Hima, Ardraka Payasa etc which not only replaces the lost fluids but also maintains the level of hydration. Hence the importance of Ama Chikitsa in Pratishyaya is dealt in detail in this paper.
Effect of Bhandira (Clerodendrum Viscosum) in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Prajitha P.K  , Asha Sreedhar
Published: March 2023

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia is precursor or pre-invasive lesions of cervical squamous cell cancers. These are classified based on the degree of disruption in epithelial differentiation. Sexually transmitted HPV are the most important risk factor for CIN and Invasive cervical cancers. A pre-post interventional study was conducted in Govt. Ayurveda College Hospital for Women and Children, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, to assess the effect of Bhandira in CIN. Objectives were, to evaluate the effect of Bhandira churna pancake and Bhandira churna yoni pratisarana on CIN, and also to study its effect on HPV infection and associated complaints like discharge per vaginum, vulval itching, burning sensation, lower abdominal pain and dyspareunia. Females of age group 20-50 years with CIN, confirmed by Pap smear and Colposcopy were included. The patients received treatment with Bhandira churna pancake internally and Bhandira churna as Yoni pratisarana for 3 months and follow up was done after 3 months. Outcome variables were changes in Pap smear and Colposcopy findings- regression, persistence or progression and changes in associated symptoms. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon’s signed rank test and McNemar’s test. The treatment was effective with high statistical significance in making changes in Pap smear and Colposcopy findings (p<0.01) and also in reducing the associated symptoms.
A Critical Review of Nirgundi (Vitex Negundo linn.)- In Classical Texts
Authors: Jayashree KS  , Ashvini SM  , Shridhar Savadatti
Published: March 2023

Nirgundi is a large aromatic shrub or small tree grows upto 4.5m height common throughout the country. Nirgundi is clinically used in many diseases by all most all traditional system of medicine because of its diverse medicinal properties. The drug was mentioned during Vedic period and was used in various diseases in Ayurveda since Samhita kala. Nirgundi is having Katu Tikta Kashaya Rasa, Laghu Ruksha Guna, Ushna Veerya and Vata Kaphahara property. Nirgundi is having Deepani, Kusghtaghna, Krimighna, Medhya, Shothahara, Shulahara Karma, and mainly used in Vatavyadhi, Karna Roga, Krimi Kushta, Rajayakshma, Gulma Chikitsa. For the fulfillment of treatment in Ayurveda the knowledge of Dravya including its Rasapanchaka, synonym are very important, without the knowledge of which the treatment is impossible. Nirgundi is one such drug having diversified properties and the opinion of different authors regarding the use of the drug is very necessary in treating diseases starting from common fever to anxiety. Thus the synonyms and their interpretation, Vernacular names, Rasapanchaka, Rogaghnata and Karma, Yoga of Nirgundi in Brihatrayi and various Nighantus Dhanwantri Nighantu, Shodhala Nighantu, Madanpala Nighantu, Kaiyadeva Nighantu, Raja Nighantu and Bhavprakasha Nighantu, has been described and this paper presented a classical review of Vitex negundo Linn. mentioned in Ayurveda.
Use of Herbal Drugs in Local Health Traditions in Purnagiri Hills, District Champavat, Uttarakhand
Authors: Nitin Kumar  , Mishra H.S  , Agarwal A  , Kumar Kaushal  , Bedar SS
Published: March 2023

The state Uttarakhand is rich with floral and faunal diversity including plants used by local inhabitance to cure health problems. Himalayan region always has been the treasure of herbs from ancient time. Himalayan herbs are highest in quality and potency. There are numbers of side effect are noted using allopathic medicines which leads towards reuse of medicinal plants available locally. Keeping this in view an attempt has been made to enumerate the common medicinal plants used in traditional therapeutic system of Uttarakhand, India. Results reveal that 29 plant species are used for primary healthcare.

Purnagiri hills located in Champavat district of Uttarakhand is reservoir for a large number of medicinal herbs during the field survey large number of medicinal plants like Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook. (Rubiaceae), Asparagus adscendence Roxb. (Liliaceae), Artemesia nilgirica (Clarke) Pamp. (Asteraceae), Berberis aristata DC. (Berberiridaceae), Colebrookea oppositefolia Sm. (Lamiaceae), Elephantopus scaber L (Asreraceae), Pinus longifolia Roxb. (Pinaceae), Tamarix gallica L. (Tamaraceae), Urtica dioica L. (Urtecaceae) and many more with their use in local health traditions by local habitants were recorded. One of the serious challenges to biodiversity and ecological functioning is climate change. Climate change and global warming are well known issue that has had an impact on the biodiversity. Second thing over exploitation of Himalayan forest leads these valuable herbs in endangered category. Some of the plants recorded are critically endangered and rare. We have to pay attention towards the conservation, cultivation of these herbs.
Formulation and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablet Containing Combination of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor and Herbal Aphrodisiac
Authors: Pujari Vijayanand  , Sanikop Vandana  , Surve Rashmi
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Sildenafil citrate is widely used drug for the treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (ED) and Ginseng is a natural aphrodisiac reported to benefit this condition. The objective of the present study was to develop orodispersible tablets (ODTs) containing combination of Sildenafil citrate and Ginseng extract to improve the bioavailability, reduce the dosing frequency and thereby maintaining the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Methods: The ODTs were prepared using superdisintegrants such as Croscarmellose sodium (CCS), povidone, and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) at varying concentrations (2%, 4% and 6%) by direct compression. The bitter taste of Sildenafil citrate was masked by Doshion resin. The optimized formulation based on least disintegration time (DT) was chosen to reformulate using sublimating agents such as camphor, menthol or thymol at varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%) to further reduce the DT. The compatibility of drug with excipients was investigated and the prepared formulations were evaluated for pre and post-compression parameters. Results: The post-compression parameters such as weight variation, hardness, friability, DT and in-vitro drug release was found within specified limit. The formulation with camphor (2%) had DT of 12 sec and drug release >90% within 5 min hence was considered as optimized formulation. The accelerated stability study and kinetics modelling was performed for optimized formulation. Conclusion: The formulated Sildenafil citrate and Ginseng ODT’s were found to be promising formulation with quicker DT and drug release which will eventually have higher bioavailability and better efficacy along with averting the issues of swallowing and improving patient compliance.
Methodological Study of Doshopakramaniya Adhyay of Ashtanga Hridaya
Authors: Dhara Patel
Published: March 2023

Ashtanga Hridaya is one of the Brihat Trayi of Ayurveda. Sutrashana of Ashtanga Hridaya is stated as best among all the Samhita. Sutrasthan is a string which is connected with other Sthanas of Samhita. It provides brief idea about fundamental concepts which are described detail in other Sthanas. Secret majors are described in Sutrasthana of Ashtanga Hridaya. So study of Sutrasthana is most important to understand Samhita. Acharya Vagbhata stated that he created Ashtanga Hridaya from the essence of all previous treatises. The name of chapter Doshopakramaniya suggests it is related to treatment of vitiated Doshas. Doshas are most important entity for Normal functioning of body. Normal condition of Dhatu and Mala and Agni is depends on Dosha. All these functions they do in proper way when they are in balance condition. So it is most necessary to maintain the balance condition of Doshas. Acharya Vagbhatta also mentioned Doshas are only cause for all diseases. Imbalance state of Dosha is considered as a disease. Vitiated Doshas also vitiates Dhatu and Mala. Hence treatment of vitiated Doshas should be first priority of physician. All the Samhitas have described the way to cure the imbalance condition of Doshas. But these concepts are in scattered manner. So Acharya Vagbhata has created one whole chapter for the treatment of Doshas. In this chapter he has described the way to cure the Doshas in very elaborative manner along with some miscellaneous concepts. Hence this chapter has been selected for study to understand the treatment principles of vitiated Doshas and by this way we can stop the chain of disease formation.
Kerala Traditional Ayurvedic Practices in Children for Enhancing Immunity - A Systematic Review
Authors: Veena L  , Anu M S  , Delvin T Robin  , Anusree Dileep
Published: March 2023

Kerala is rich in its culture for the traditional Ayurveda practices in children from the time of birth onwards. These traditional practices are mainly immune boosters and also enhance overall nourishment and development in children. Commonly used traditional Ayurveda practices are Uramarunnu Prayoga, Prakara Yoga, Abhyanga, Rasanadi churna lepana, Snana etc. for enhancing immunity and providing overall development to children.  Uramarunnu is a baby care practice comprising of a group of drugs administered to the child in the form of paste in breast milk, after 28 days till 2 years of age. Prakara Yogas are immunomodulatory recipes and procedures to be adopted right from the day after delivery. Abhyanga provides nourishment, health, protection, emotional well-being and improves skin tone. All these can be used for enhancing immunity and preventing recurrent infections thereby helps in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases. This mentions the importance of Kerala traditional Ayurvedic practices in the field of primary child health care. So, the present study aims to compile Kerala’s traditional Ayurvedic practices in children, by reviewing regional textbooks like Arogyakalpadruma, Vaidya Tarakam, Parambarya Balachikitsa etc., and also interviewing Ayurveda pediatrician through telephone.
Is It the Same Country? Representations of Cambodia on Official Tourist Sites and in Tourists’ Comments
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Shchipitsina Larisa
Published: March 2023

This paper explores how a certain country is described on official tourist sites whose main aim is to achieve more tourists (formal communication sources), and in informal tourists’ comments, who want to exchange their opinions. The paper suggests that the difference in aims of tourists impacts on the construction of country image, as a set of different items reflecting real aspects of a certain country. The semantic and contextual analyses of Russian and German formal and informal tourism related sources indicates a predominance of cognitive items (compared with affective ones) in both source types, but cultural items shown as positive prevail in formal sources (and thus an elaborated image is developed) whereas different cognitive and affective items are common for informal sources.
Interpreting ‘Front’: Perception of Space in Bengali and Kannada
Authors:   Central University of Karnataka, Sarkar Anirban
Published: March 2023

This paper is concerned with the nature of ‘front’ along the front/back axis. The languages taken up for the study are Bengali, a language belonging to Indo-Aryan language family, and Kannada, a language belonging to Dravidian language family. The terms for denoting ‘front’ for Bengali are ‘samne’ and ‘aage’ and for Kannada are ‘yeduru’ and ‘munde.’ Experience and embodiment of spatial arrangements play an important role in the spatial cognition, and language use takes into account the different points of view. Many factors such as proximity, vantage point, specificity, etc. play an important role in describing a given situation. It is worth mentioning that the choice of the usages of the words for denoting ‘front’ as location or direction has been seen as different in some situations and overlapping in others. The data were collected using a questionnaire which aimed to elicit the expressions for ‘front’ for the entities, whose relationship is described in terms of Figure and Ground (Talmy 1983, 2000), from the speakers of both the above-mentioned languages, and then analysed for the factors involved.
The Malay Language in Mainland Southeast Asia
Authors:   University of Malaya, Omar Asmah Haji
Published: March 2023

Today the Malay language is known to have communities of speakers outside the Malay Archipelago, such as in Australia inclusive of the Christmas Islands and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in the Indian Ocean (Asmah, 2008), the Holy Land of Mecca and Medina (Asmah et al. 2015), England, the Netherlands, France, and Germany. The Malay language is also known to have its presence on the Asian mainland, that is Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. As Malays in these three countries belong to a minority, in fact among the smallest of the minorities, questions that arise are those that pertain to: (i) their history of settlement in the localities where they are now; (ii) the position of Malay in the context of the language policy of their country; and (iii) maintenance and shift of the ancestral and adopted languages.
Capítulo 1: Enseñando Metodología de la Investigación Científica Tecnológica y Humanística con Flipped Learning
Authors: Yassir Nagib , López de Ramos Aura
Published: March 2023

El flipped learning (fl) es considerado como una de las principales metodologías aplicadas a nivel mundial. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar si la enseñanza de la metodología de la investigación científica mediante el fl puede incidir en el aprendizaje y logro de competencias investigativas en los estudiantes. Del estudio de campo realizado se concluyó que 90.2% de los estudiantes considera que si les ayudó a desarrollar competencias investigativas y un 96% quedaron satisfechos con este.