bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The vibroacoustic characteristic of beam-plate coupled structure in similitude
Authors: He Fengxia , Luo Zhong , Shi Huaitao , Yu Changshuai , Li Lei
Published: January 2024

Similitude theory can be used to extrapolate the experimental data of a small, inexpensive, and easily tested model into design information for a large prototype. Scaling laws provide the relationship between a full-scale structure and its scale models. However, one challenging issue is the similitude of complex structure. To address the problem, an energy similarity method is presented based on the principle of conservation of power flow. The emphasis is to predict the vibroacoustic characteristic of beam-plate coupled structure in an effective and convenient way. The vibration response and radiated sound are investigated on the beam-plate coupled structure under random excitation. Numerical simulation and model test are both implemented, which validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. Both aluminum and honeycomb materials are considered in beam-plate coupled structures. In addition, the comparison between the classic similitude method and the presented method (energy similarity) is illustrated. The results show that the energy similarity presented in this study can achieve a better performance in reproducing the vibroacoustic characteristic of beam-plate coupled structure than the classic similarity method.
Invasive fungal infections and oomycoses in cats 2. Antifungal therapy
Authors: Barrs Vanessa R , Hobi Stefan , Wong Angeline , Sandy Jeanine , Shubitz Lisa F , Bęczkowski Paweł M
Published: January 2024

Clinical relevance:

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and oomycoses (hereafter termed invasive fungal-like infections [IFLIs]) are characterised by penetration of tissues by fungal elements. The environment is the most common reservoir of infection. IFIs and IFLIs can be frustrating to treat because long treatment times are usually required and, even after attaining clinical cure, there may be a risk of relapse. Owner compliance with medication administration and recheck examinations can also decline over time. In addition, some antifungal drugs are expensive, have variable interpatient pharmacokinetic properties, can only be administered parenterally and/or have common adverse effects (AEs). Despite these limitations, treatment can be very rewarding, especially when an otherwise progressive and fatal disease is cured.

Aim:

In the second of a two-part article series, the spectrum of activity, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and AEs of antifungal drugs are reviewed, and the treatment and prognosis of specific IFIs/IFLIs - dermatophytic pseudomycetoma, cryptococcosis, sino-orbital aspergillosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, phaeohyphomycosis, mucormycosis and oomycosis - are discussed. Part 1 reviewed the diagnostic approach to IFIs and IFLIs.

Evidence base:

Information on antifungal drugs is drawn from pharmacokinetic studies in cats. Where such studies have not been performed, data from ‘preclinical’ animals (non-human studies) and human studies are reviewed. The review also draws on the wider published evidence and the authors’ combined expertise in feline medicine, mycology, dermatology, clinical pathology and anatomical pathology.

Abbreviations for antifungal drugs:

AMB (amphotericin B); FC (flucytosine); FCZ (fluconazole); ISA (isavuconazole); ITZ (itraconazole); KCZ (ketoconazole); PCZ (posaconazole); TRB (terbinafine); VCZ (voriconazole).
Hypocalcemia in Patients With Osteoporosis and Normal Renal Function, Treated With Denosumab, a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Bitar Zouheir Ibrahim , Hajjiah Adnan MA , Maadarani Ossama Sajeh , Elzoueiry Mahmoud Mostafa , Gohar Mohamed Refaat , Abdelfatah Mohamad , Alabdali Fawaz
Published: January 2024

Objective:

The reported hypocalcemia in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who received Denosumab was low (0.05%-1.7% to 7.4%). The major prediction factors were vitamin D and calcium levels and renal function. The objective is to evaluate the incidence of hypocalcemia in patients with osteoporosis, normal renal function, and vitamin D who received Denosumab.

Method:

A retrospective analysis was conducted using the medical records (2022-2023). We looked for hypocalcemia (albumin-adjusted calcium lower than 2.2 mmol/L).

Results:

Two hundred one postmenopausal women diagnosed with osteoporosis and received denosumab treatment were included. All patients received vitamin D3 capsules and calcium supplementation. The mean age of the patient was 75.7 ± 7.0 years (56-91 years). Hypocalcemia was observed in 46 (23%) patients following a subcutaneous dose of Denosumab 60 mg. Median calcium was 2.25 mmol/L (minimum: 0.890 mmol/L, maximum: 2.6 mmol/L). Fourteen (30.4%) patients had severe hypocalcemia (<1.8 mmol/L) and required parenteral correction. A comparison between hypocalcemia and patients with normal calcium indicated that the significant predictor of hypocalcemia was pretreatment parathyroid hormone levels (9.9 ± 11.8vs 7.6 ± 2.56 pmol/L, respectively; P < .005). The prognostic role of parathyroid hormone for the denosumab-associated hypocalcemia was assessed using ROC curve analysis. For the cut-off value of Parathyroid hormone = 6.8 pmol/L, giving serum parathyroid measurement an AUC of 0.668 (0.599-0.737) - P = .0007; sensitivity 85%; specificity 52%.

Conclusion:

Hypocalcemia induced by the denosumab treatment is more prevalent than previously shown in patients with osteoporosis receiving adequate calcium and vitamin D supplements. An elevated parathyroid hormone predicts hypocalcemia related to denosumab therapy in patients with normal calcium and vitamin D levels.
Medication Associations With Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: A Case/Non-Case Analysis Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Godfrey Hannah , Jedlowski Patrick , Thiede Rebecca
Published: January 2024

Background:

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) are potentially life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). Although the classical causal agents of SCARs (antibiotics, anticonvulsants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and allopurinol) are well characterized, there has been little update to this list to account for newly marketed medications.

Objective:

To provide an updated and stratified list of medications with significant reporting odds ratios (RORs) of SCARs.

Methods:

A case/non-case analysis using the United States FDA Adverse Event Reporting System was performed.

Results:

As expected, the prototypical medication classes made up the majority of reported cases of SJS, TEN, AGEP, and DRESS (77%, 64%, 75%, and 72%, respectively). In addition, several infrequently or previously undescribed classes/medications implicated in SCARs were identified to have significant ROR signals, including acetylcysteine, anticoagulants, diuretics, immunotherapies, proton pump inhibitors, antivirals, and antifungals. Among these reported for SJS were acetylcysteine (ROR: 64.38) and fluconazole (ROR: 17.13). For TEN, we identified furosemide (ROR: 26.32), spironolactone (ROR: 14.45), fluconazole (ROR: 30.21), amphotericin B (39.06), and acetylcysteine (ROR: 93.12). For AGEP, we identified acyclovir (ROR: 61.72), valacyclovir (ROR: 30.76), and enoxaparin (ROR: 27.37). For DRESS, we identified vemurafenib (ROR: 17.35), acyclovir (ROR: 30.63), abacavir (ROR: 26.62), raltegravir (ROR: 23.27), and valacyclovir (ROR: 21.77) to have strong reporting odds.

Conclusion:

Our analysis provides an updated tool for physicians to reference when identifying suspected SCARs and a basis for future studies to investigate atypical medication causality.
Swedish women reaching post-traumatic growth after an intimate partner violence relationship: A study of formal help and growth after trauma
Authors: Claeson Olivia , Rydén Ragnar Mikaela , Åström Agnes , Kim Yunhwan
Published: January 2024

Aims:

This study examined whether women in Sweden who had been in an intimate partner violence (IPV) relationship reached post-traumatic growth (PTG) and if the level of PTG differed for women who had received formal help compared with women who had not received formal help. The study also examined whether there was a difference in the level of PTG depending on which type of formal help the women had received.

Methods:

The data were collected through an online self-report survey. A total of 166 women took part in the study.

Results:

The results showed that 69.3% ( n = 115) of the women reported a pre-determined or higher level of PTG attainment and that those who had received formal help reported a higher level of PTG than those who had not received formal help. There was no difference in the level of PTG depending on which type of formal help the women had received.

Conclusions:

The majority of the Swedish women in this study who had lived in an IPV relationship attained PTG. Although formal help appeared to help the women attain PTG, the type of the formal help did not seem to have a crucial role in attaining different levels of PTG. These findings are discussed in the light of the future research directions and public health measures to better support women who experience IPV.
Rethinking comorbidity: A case study of syndemic risk, eating disorders, and suicidal behaviors in adolescent girls of color
Authors: Gulbas Lauren E , Pavelka ClaraGrace , Hausmann-Stabile Carolina , Zayas Luis H
Published: January 2024

Decades of research have established a significant association between people struggling with an eating disorder and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Despite a robust literature indicating a link between these two mental health conditions, few studies have explored how differential risk factors interact over time to produce this comorbidity. Using the lens of syndemic risk, this study applied a critical case study design to identify the social and contextual conditions that give rise to the circumstances in which eating disorders and suicidal behaviors cluster together. Specifically, we draw on life history and clinical ethnographic interviews with an adolescent and her mother to illustrate the intersections between psychosocial and structural processes. Through our analysis, we develop a model for syndemic risk that foregrounds poverty, racism, heterosexism, and gender oppression as critical to the production of mental health comorbidities. As we delineate in our findings, multiple forms of oppression led to a higher risk of exposure to stressful and traumatic experiences, including physical maltreatment, emotional abuse and neglect, sexual coercion, and peer victimization. These events contributed to the emergence of psychological and social vulnerabilities associated with heightened eating disorder and suicide risk. Ultimately, our qualitative study contributes to understanding how syndemic risk factors interact and mutually reinforce one another over time to shape comorbid psychopathology. In doing so, our findings shift understandings of mental illness as emerging from individual vulnerabilities to a conception of mental health that is framed within a multidimensional perspective.
Deficient epistemic virtues and prevalence of epistemic vices as precursors to transgressions in research misconduct
Authors: Tang Bor Luen
Published: January 2024

Scientific research is supposed to acquire or generate knowledge, but such a purpose would be severely undermined by instances of research misconduct (RM) and questionable research practices (QRP). RM and QRP are often framed in terms of moral transgressions by individuals (bad apples) whose aberrant acts could be made conducive by shortcomings in regulatory measures of organizations or institutions (bad barrels). This notion presupposes, to an extent, that the erring parties know exactly what they are doing is wrong and morally culpable, but had nonetheless proceeded to commit wrongful acts. However, a confession of intent to deceived is often not readily admitted by perpetrators of RM. I posit that beyond the simplistic notion of conscious moral transgression, deficits in epistemic virtues and/or the prevalence of epistemic vices have important roles to play in initiating and driving RM/QRP. For the individual perpetrator, deficits in epistemic virtues could lead to or amplify errors in one’s desperate attempt to be accomplished or to excel, and pushes one across the ethical line or down the slippery slope of misconduct. Likewise, a lack of epistemic virtue within perpetrators’ institution or organization could make it conducive for deceitful acts and suppress indications and warning signs for the former. Furthermore, epistemic vices exhibited by reviewers, editors and journals could also promote RM/QRP. In this view, epistemic failings, rather than widespread moral deficiencies of individuals within the research ecosystem, may underlie the prevalence of RM/QRP.
Pleural fluid carbohydrate antigen 72-4 and malignant pleural effusion: a diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Cao Xi-Shan , Yan Li , Jiang Ting-Wang , Huang Jin-Hong , Chen Hong , Porcel José M. , Zheng Wen-Qi , Hu Zhi-De
Published: January 2024

Background:

The prognosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is poor. A timely and accurate diagnosis is the prerequisite for managing MPE patients. Carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) is a diagnostic tool for MPE.

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid CA72-4 for MPE.

Design:

A prospective, preregistered, and double-blind diagnostic test accuracy study.

Methods:

We prospectively enrolled participants with undiagnosed pleural effusions from two centers in China (Hohhot and Changshu). CA72-4 concentration in pleural fluid was measured by electrochemiluminescence. Its diagnostic accuracy for MPE was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The net benefit of CA72-4 was determined by a decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results:

In all, 153 participants were enrolled in the Hohhot cohort, and 58 were enrolled in the Changshu cohort. In both cohorts, MPE patients had significantly higher CA72-4 levels than benign pleural effusion (BPE) patients. At a cutoff value of 8 U/mL, pleural fluid CA72-4 had a sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.46, 1.00, and 0.79, respectively, in the Hohhot cohort. In the Changshu cohort, CA72-4 had a sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of 0.27, 0.94, and 0.86, respectively. DCA revealed the relatively high net benefit of CA72-4 determination. In patients with negative cytology, the AUC of CA72-4 was 0.67.

Conclusion:

Pleural fluid CA72-4 helps differentiate MPE and BPE in patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions.
Arguing and bargaining in international forums: The need for a novel approach
Authors: Genovesi Marco
Published: January 2024

Most of the literature examining forum-based social interactions considers arguing and bargaining as the main modes of communication used by negotiating parties, and authors have often claimed that arguing interactions can be distinguished from bargaining ones on the basis of the presence/absence of some validation mechanisms. Starting from this assumption, authors have tried to study real-world international negotiations and to distinguish arguing from bargaining empirically. These attempts, however, have encountered several paralyzing methodological hindrances. This paper claims that the current differentiation between arguing and bargaining is built on erroneous assumptions and on a certain degree of undertheorization of bargaining types of forum interaction. The position advanced in this paper is that both arguing and bargaining types of interaction rely on similar validation mechanisms. Furthermore, the study shows that this erroneous distinction is the reason why authors have hitherto been unable to isolate and distinguish arguing from bargaining while looking at real-world international negotiations. The final goal of this paper is to challenge the current definitions of arguing and bargaining, and to provide the first step of a long-term research project aiming at the reconceptualization of these two types of interaction.
‘Family members screaming for help makes it very difficult to don PPE’. A qualitative study on UK ambulance staff experiences of infection prevention and control practices during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Eaton-Williams Peter , Williams Julia
Published: January 2024

Background

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, ambulance staff continued to deliver direct patient care whilst simultaneously adapting to a considerable escalation in evolving infection prevention and control (IPC) practices.

Aim

To enable learning to benefit future planning, this qualitative article aims to describe ambulance staff’s experiences of this rapid escalation of IPC practices.

Method

Three online surveys were presented during the acceleration, peak, and deceleration phases of the pandemic’s first wave in the UK (2020). Overall, 18 questions contributed 14,237 free text responses that were examined using inductive thematic analysis at both descriptive and interpretive levels.

Findings

Many participants lacked confidence in policies related to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) because of perceived inadequate supporting evidence, confusing communication, and low familiarity with items. Compliance with policy and confidence in PPE use were further influenced by discomfort, urgency, and perceptions of risk. Various suggestions were made to improve IPC practices within the work environment, including reducing unnecessary exposure through public education and remote triage improvements.

Discussion

Some participants’ poor experiences of escalating IPC practices were shared with health care workers studied in other environments and in previous epidemics, emphasising the need for lessons to be learnt. PPE should be developed with consideration of ambulance staff’s unique working environment and regular familiarisation training could be beneficial. Pragmatic, evidence-based, clearly communicated policies implemented with sufficient resources may protect staff and facilitate them to maintain standards of care delivery during a pandemic.
Effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium on human tenocytes exposed to high glucose
Authors: Trotta Maria Consiglia , Itro Annalisa , Lepre Caterina Claudia , Russo Marina , Guida Francesca , Moretti Antimo , Braile Adriano , Tarantino Umberto , D’Amico Michele , Toro Giuseppe
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Diabetic tendinopathy is a common invalidating and challenging disease that may be treated using stem cells. However, the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (ASC-CM) in diabetic tendinopathy have never been explored.

Objectives:

The present study evaluated the effects of ASC-CM on morphology, cell viability, structure, and scratch wound closure of human tenocytes (HTNC) exposed to high glucose (HG).

Design:

Experimental study.

Methods:

HTNC were exposed to HG (25 mM) for 7, 14 and 21 days with or without ASC-CM for the last 24 h. CM was collected from 4 × 105 ASCs, centrifuged for 10 min at 200 g and sterilized with 0.22 μm syringe filter.

Results:

At 7 days, HG-HTNC had decreased cell viability [72 ± 2%, p < 0.01 versus normal glucose (NG)] compared to NG-HTNC (90 ± 5%). A further decrement was detected after 14 and 21 days (60 ± 4% and 60 ± 5%, both, p < 0.01 versus NG and p < 0.01 versus HG7). While NG-HTNC evidenced a normal fibroblast cell-like elongated morphology, HG-HTNC showed increased cell roundness. In contrast, HG-HTNC exposed to ASC-CM showed a significant increase in cell viability, an improved cell morphology and higher scratch wound closure at all HG time points. Moreover, the exposure to ASC-CM significantly increased thrombospondin 1 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) content in HG-HTNC. The TGF-β1 elevation was paralleled by higher Collagen I and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in HG-HTNC.

Conclusion:

ASC-CM may restore the natural morphology, cell viability and structure of HTNC, promoting their scratch wound closure through TGF-β1 increase.
Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Diabetic Microvascular Complications
Authors: Kanbour Sarah , Harris Catharine , Lalani Benjamin , Wolf Risa M. , Fitipaldi Hugo , Gomez Maria F. , Mathioudakis Nestoras
Published: January 2024

Importance and Aims:

Diabetic microvascular complications significantly impact morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on machine learning/artificial intelligence (ML/AI) in predicting diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and diabetic neuropathy (DN).

Methods:

A comprehensive PubMed search from 1990 to 2023 identified studies on ML/AI models for diabetic microvascular complications. The review analyzed study design, cohorts, predictors, ML techniques, prediction horizon, and performance metrics.

Results:

Among the 74 identified studies, 256 featured internally validated ML models and 124 had externally validated models, with about half being retrospective. Since 2010, there has been a rise in the use of ML for predicting microvascular complications, mainly driven by DKD research across 27 countries. A more modest increase in ML research on DR and DN was observed, with publications from fewer countries. For all microvascular complications, predictive models achieved a mean (standard deviation) c-statistic of 0.79 (0.09) on internal validation and 0.72 (0.12) on external validation. Diabetic kidney disease models had the highest discrimination, with c-statistics of 0.81 (0.09) on internal validation and 0.74 (0.13) on external validation, respectively. Few studies externally validated prediction of DN. The prediction horizon, outcome definitions, number and type of predictors, and ML technique significantly influenced model performance.

Conclusions and Relevance:

There is growing global interest in using ML for predicting diabetic microvascular complications. Research on DKD is the most advanced in terms of publication volume and overall prediction performance. Both DR and DN require more research. External validation and adherence to recommended guidelines are crucial.
Reducing the Bias in Online Reviews Using Propensity Score Adjustment
Authors: Han Saram , Mikhailova Daria
Published: January 2024

Online hotel reviews on platforms like TripAdvisor are crucial in shaping customer choices and steering business strategies in the hospitality sector. However, the effectiveness of these platforms is partially hindered by the self-selection bias found in voluntary reviews. This bias can create false expectations and unsatisfactory experiences, mainly as the feedback generally comes from a non-representative group of self-motivated reviewers (SMRs). A common strategy to mitigate this bias is increasing the number of reviews through customer surveys, generating retailer-prompted reviews (RPRs). However, these RPRs, despite reducing selection bias, tend to lack the depth and insight of SMRs, resulting in a credibility gap and reduced representativeness. To address this, our study presents a novel approach using the propensity score adjustment (PSA) technique. This method leverages the distribution of RPRs to refine the accuracy of text data from SMRs, aiming to enhance the reliability and representativeness of online reviews. By combining the strengths of both RPRs and SMRs, we aim to create an online review environment that is both accurate and reliable. In conclusion, this research marks an important step toward improving online review platforms, aiming for a more transparent and trustworthy environment for reviews.
Engaging With Fandom and Politics: The Case of Giuseppe Conte’s Fans on Instagram
Authors: Campus Donatella , Mazzoni Marco , Mincigrucci Roberto
Published: January 2024

The article focuses on the phenomenon of political fandom and its potential impact on citizens’ political engagement. In particular, our research intends to offer a contribution to the discussion of possible types of online fan-like attachment to a political leader. Our case study is the Instagram account @lebimbedigiuseppeconte, a fanpage celebrating the former Italian Prime minister Giuseppe Conte. We analyzed posts between 2018 and 2022 with the aim of investigating the evolution of the account following the change of Conte’s role from the office of Prime Minister—that he held as an outsider—to the more politicized role of leader of the Five-Star Movement. Our results suggest that, although in the first phase @lebimbedigiuseppeconte could not be regarded as a standard type of political fandom, its evolution shows that also a fanpage born with no apparent political goal and a vocation for entertaining may become a platform for the diffusion of political contents.
An overview of biopolymer-derived packaging material
Authors: Sinha Sweta
Published: January 2024

This comprehensive review addresses the vital environmental concerns posed by conventional petroleum-based plastics, particularly in the context of the packaging industry’s extensive reliance on these materials. As nearly 99% of plastics originate from non-renewable petrochemical sources and their non-biodegradable nature leads to widespread waste accumulation and harmful emissions upon disposal, the need for sustainable alternatives has become paramount. This paper explores the escalating environmental and health repercussions linked to traditional plastics, underscored by global initiatives, including restrictions on single-use plastics, aimed at mitigating these challenges. In response, the paper highlights the growing interest in environmental friendly biopolymers, which can be sourced from renewable biological materials or synthesized from biopolymers such as starch, casein etc. The classification of biopolymers into three primary categories; natural biopolymers, microbial fermentation-derived biopolymers, and polymerized monomers from biomass is comprehensively examined. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the pivotal role of biopolymer properties, such as barrier characteristics, mechanical strength, heat resistance, biodegradability, flexibility, food contact safety, and cost-effectiveness, in determining their suitability for packaging applications. It also stresses the importance of conducting life cycle assessment (LCA) to holistically evaluate the environmental sustainability of biopolymers. This review highlights the potential of integrating biopolymers into packaging materials as a promising avenue to reduce the adverse environmental impact of traditional plastic production. These biodegradable materials, with their diverse properties and renewability, offer a sustainable approach to mitigating plastic waste and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. However, further research, development, and collaborative efforts are essential to optimize biopolymer performance, reduce production costs, and facilitate broader adoption. Embracing biodegradable polymers represents a commitment to resource efficiency, waste reduction, and environmental preservation, fostering a more sustainable and eco-friendly future.
Netflix: Disrupting the entertainment market with digital technologies, time and again
Authors: Juteau Solène
Published: January 2024

This case study focuses on Netflix’s technological journey, emphasizing its role as a startup that revolutionized a sector through tech-savvy approaches. Until 2023, Netflix continues to innovate. This exploration delves into how Netflix has evolved as a platform organization, leveraging advanced technologies to enhance user experience and business models. The case discusses Netflix’s use of cloud computing and proposes elaboration on artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. This case will be particularly useful for graduate and post-graduate students or MBA students in courses on digital technologies and business perspectives.
A systematic review of community pharmacy interventions to improve peri- and post-menopausal health
Authors: Chow H , Righton O , Berry H , Bell Z , Flynn AC
Published: January 2024

Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular function. Symptoms include mood disorders, vaginal atrophy, hot flashes and night sweats and can emerge during a gradual transition period called perimenopause. Community pharmacies are well placed to deliver a wide range of healthcare services, including supporting and educating menopausal women; however, to date, no systematic review has assessed the effectiveness of community pharmacy-led interventions in improving peri- and post-menopausal health. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines we evaluated community pharmacy-led interventions that targeted women in peri- or post-menopause. Electronic searches in EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were conducted on 13th February 2023. Additionally, we examined the included studies references and citation lists using Google Scholar. A total of 915 articles were identified and screened against the inclusion criteria. Two studies were included; one identified post-menopausal women at risk of developing osteoporosis (OP), and one evaluated the outcomes of a community pharmacy-based menopause education programme. Study one found 11 (11%) post-menopausal women were at risk of developing OP based on quantitative ultrasound screening offered by community pharmacists and referred to their physician. Study two reported that women had access to adequate personalised menopause counselling and increased knowledge of menopause topics because of the educational programme within community pharmacies. Both studies were of low quality. The lack of included studies reflects the need for high-quality research to determine whether community pharmacy-led interventions are feasible, effective and acceptable, to improve health outcomes of peri- or post-menopausal women.
Nearby art: A new type of public art practice in the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Zhong Yaqin , Yang Qingtong , Wang Yiwen
Published: January 2024

With the development and transformation of contemporary Chinese urban areas, the production mechanism, place, and form of expression of urban public art are rapidly evolving. At the same time, urban planning is accelerating the disappearance of the urban “nearby” as a buffer zone and innovation space. Taking the Pearl River Delta region in China, and in particular, the historic city of Guangzhou and the immigrant city of Shenzhen as examples, this paper analyzes how urban groups perceive the nearby environment through the action of art through the evolution of urban culture. This paper proposes “nearby art,” a term that refers to the art form in which urban individuals or small groups from different backgrounds subtly target social issues and practice locally in complex urban surroundings. The concept of nearby art is based on the examination of trends toward diversification in public art. First, groups with different backgrounds have been playing a unique role in public art. Second, the places where public art is situated has extended to diverse and mixed urban spaces. In addition, diverse ways of interacting with public art have enriched the forms of expression of public art. Through nearby art, both creators and participants can better reflect on their present situation in life and rebuild social relations through interaction. This kind of art is increasingly becoming an important part of residents’ daily lives as it creates a more visual and fluid life aesthetic. Simultaneously, it is constructing and disseminating narrative elements within urban culture by uncovering and integrating the diverse cultural content.
A Thrice-Told Tale of Japanese Staffrooms and a Transformative Journey in Searching for East Asia as Method
Authors: Fang Yanping , Wang Linfeng
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to search for fitting lenses to view and interpret teacher learning in a Japanese secondary school teacher staffroom and capture the reconstituting of researcher subjectivities in this process.

Design/Approach/Methods

A narrative approach chronically documents the findings and use of the lenses in analyzing the staffroom daily interactions and traces the journey of transformation in our researcher subjectivities.

Findings

The telling of a Japanese staffroom (shokuinshitsu) as a thrice-told tale under the three lenses—cultural-historic activity theory, contextualism, and intimacy orientation—each uncovers a unique interpretation of the learning going on in the daily life of the Japanese staffroom. While complementary, Western-lenses are found to be unable to explain the nature of the everyday practices in the staffroom formed under the worldviews and ethics of East Asia. Our critical examination of the major academic encounters involved in the past two decades illuminates the complex dynamism behind our research perspectives, awakens us to the dominance of Western-centralism in our researcher subjectivities, transforms our worldviews, and returns us to our cultural roots to build alternative frames of reference as East Asia as Method.

Originality/Value

This study not only uniquely demonstrates what decentered, alternative, and diversified frames of reference would look like in studying East Asian practices but also what it would take for scholars to move toward East Asia as Method. Additionally, going beyond the three lenses, it contributes to our understanding of how space (staffroom as an entity) mediates forming of the character of those who are dwellers of the shokuinshitsu.
COVID-19, Racial Discrimination and Civic Engagement Among Filipino American and Korean American Young Adults
Authors: Park Michael , Woo Bongki , Jung Hye-Min , Jeong Eunseok , Choi Yoonsun , Takeuchi David , Peregrina Hillary Nicole
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic provoked a spike in racial discrimination and hate crimes against Asians in the U.S. Although research substantiates the harmful impact of discrimination on health and mental health, limited research has examined how it influences civic engagement among Asian American young adults. Using cross-sectional data from the Midwestern U.S., this study investigated how the experience of anti-Asian racism was associated with civic engagement among Filipino Americans ( n = 260; M age = 22) and Korean Americans ( n = 340; M age = 21) during the pandemic. Results showed that Filipino American women reported more COVID-19 related racial discrimination than Filipino American men. Women, regardless of ethnicity, exhibited more civic engagement than men. Various forms of COVID-19 discrimination were associated with more civic engagement in both groups, except that assault was associated with less civic engagement among Korean Americans. The study results underscore the importance of providing tailored resources for targeted Asian American subgroups to promote continued civic engagement.
Comparison of Failure Rates at Long-term Follow-up Between MPFL Repair and Reconstruction for Recurrent Lateral Patellar Instability
Authors: Kruckeberg Bradley M. , Wilbur Ryan R. , Song Bryant M. , Lamba Abhinav , Camp Christopher L. , Saris Daniel B.F. , Krych Aaron J. , Stuart Michael J.
Published: January 2024

Background:

The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the primary soft tissue restraint to lateral patellar translation and is often disrupted by lateral patellar dislocation. Surgical management for recurrent patellar instability focuses on restoring the MPFL function with repair or reconstruction techniques. Recent studies have favored reconstruction over repair; however, long-term comparative studies are limited.

Purpose:

To compare long-term clinical outcomes, complications, and recurrence rates of isolated MPFL reconstruction and MPFL repair for recurrent lateral patellar instability.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 55 patients (n = 58 knees) with recurrent lateral patellar instability were treated between 2005 and 2012 with either MPFL repair or MPFL reconstruction. The exclusion criteria were previous or concomitant tibial tubercle osteotomy or trochleoplasty and follow-up of <8 years. Pre- and postoperative descriptive, surgical, imaging, and clinical data were recorded for each patient.

Results:

MPFL repair was performed on 26 patients (n = 29 knees; 14 women, 15 men), with a mean age of 18.4 years. MPFL reconstruction was performed on 29 patients (n = 29 knees; 18 women, 11 men), with a mean age of 18.2 years. At a mean follow-up of 12 years (range, 8.3-18.9 years), the reconstruction group had a significantly lower rate of recurrent dislocation compared with the repair group (14% vs 41%; P = .019). There were no differences in the number of preoperative dislocations or tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance. The reconstruction group had significantly more time from initial injury to surgery compared with the repair group (median, 1460 days vs 627 days; P = .007). There were no differences in postoperative Tegner, Lysholm, or Kujala scores at the final follow-up. In addition, no statistically significant differences were detected in return to sport (RTS) rates (repair [81%] vs reconstruction [75%]; P = .610) or reoperation rates for recurrent instability (repair [21%] vs reconstruction [7%]; P = .13).

Conclusion:

MPFL repair resulted in a nearly 3-fold higher rate of recurrent patellar dislocation (41% vs 14%) at the long-term follow-up compared with MPFL reconstruction. Given this disparate rate, the authors recommend MPFL reconstruction over repair because of the lower failure rate and similar, if not superior, clinical outcomes and RTS.
Visualizing Concentrations of Couples and Same-Sex Couples across U.S. Counties
Authors: Marino Francesca A. , Westrick-Payne Krista K. , Manning Wendy D. , Brown Susan L.
Published: January 2024

The 2020 decennial census provides a unique opportunity to directly count same-sex couples using a revised household roster, and its recently released Demographic and Housing Characteristics File offers county-level data on the concentration of same-sex couples. As county-level data can unveil more nuanced geographic patterns than state-level data, the authors examine within-state variation using two maps of county-level quartiles to compare the percentages of individuals in unions among the population and same-sex unions among all unions. The findings reveal that concentrations of same-sex couples are not necessarily driven by the percentages of individuals in unions. These patterns suggest that the social location of same-sex couples is not determined solely by the area’s couple configuration but by other factors. To help illuminate these factors, future research should explore whether the counties with high shares of couples but low shares of same-sex couples are also areas where inclusivity tends to be lagging.
The influence of context on the implementation of integrated palliative care in an academic teaching hospital in South Africa
Authors: Krause Rene , Gwyther Liz , Olivier Jill
Published: January 2024

Background:

Palliative care (PC) has been integrated to a limited extent in the South African healthcare system. Contextual factors may be a pivotal influence in this integration.

Objectives:

This study aims to explore contextual factors that are possibly influencing the integration or lack thereof in an academic teaching hospital (ATH).

Design:

A mixed-method study was conducted in a large ATH in South Africa.

Methods:

The mixed methods were conducted in parallel and then merged. Findings were integrated to describe the contextual factors influencing PC integration, to develop a timeline of implementation and assess the probable influence of context on the integration process. The mixed-methods phases included a narrative review of published literature related to health systems, integration of health interventions and PC in teaching hospital settings; followed by interviews, documentary and routine data analyses. Semi-structured interviews with purposively sampled participants provided the qualitative data. Primary national, provincial and organizational documents expanded the contextual phenomena and corroborated findings. Routine hospital admission and mortality data was statistically analysed to expand further and corroborate findings. All qualitative data was thematically analysed using deductive coding, drawing from the aspects of the contextual dimensions of integration.

Results:

Enabling contextual factors for local PC integration were global and local advocacy, demonstrated need, PC being a human right, as well as the personal experiences of hospital staff. Impeding factors were numerous misconceptions, PC not valued as a healthcare priority, as well as limitations in functional elements necessary for PC integration: national and regional political support, leadership at all levels and sustainable financing.

Conclusion:

The normative and functional contextual aspects interplay at macro, meso and micro levels positively and negatively. How stakeholders understand and value PC directly and indirectly impacts on PC integration. Strategic interventions such as mandatory education are required to ensure PC integration. The health system is dynamic, and understanding the context in which the health system functions is core to the integration of PC. This may assist in developing integration strategies to address PC integration and the transferability of these strategies.
Effects of Tariff on the Management of Blood Products in Fars Province Hospitals
Authors: Baktashi Rohollah , Rad Fariba , Ardekani Masoud Torabi , Salah Alireza , Anani Hossein , Khalilabadi Roohollah Mirzaee
Published: January 2024

Background

In Iran, blood products were being delivered to healthcare centers without charge. For optimum usage and reducing wastage, the tariff was set on October 23, 2015. Thus, hospitals must pay for blood products to blood transfusion services and then the expenses are paid to healthcare centers by the insurance.

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the effects of the tariff policy on utilization pattern of blood products in healthcare centers of Fars province, Iran.

Design

This is a retrospective study which analyzes the recorded data.

Methods

Throughout this retrospective study, the number of units requested, delivered, returned, and return/delivery ratio of RBC, FFP, cryoprecipitate, and platelet were examined before and after the tariff in different cities of Fars province of Iran.

Results

After the tariff, return/delivery ratios of FFP, cryoprecipitate, and platelet increased in comparison with before tariff but were not statistically significant which means the return of unused units was increased after imposing tariff.

Conclusion

The results of this investigation showed that tariff may lead to more return of FFP, cryoprecipitate, and platelet units to the transfusion services of Fars province. More research must be performed to further approve it.
Revision Patellar Tendon Reconstruction Using Hamstring Tendon Autograft
Authors: Santos Estevao , Islam Wasif , Amick Michael , Adeclat Giscard J. , Medvecky Michael J.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Patellar tendon ruptures presenting in a chronic setting are rare events that impose technical surgical challenges due to proximal retraction of the patella, quadriceps muscle atrophy and contracture, and peripatellar adhesions. Various reconstruction techniques have been described using different grafts and fixation methods; however, there is a paucity of reported outcomes and there is no consensus on standard of care.

Indications:

The patient is a 36-year-old man who presented with a failed patellar tendon reconstruction 14 months after his initial surgery (performed 1 year after the initial injury) with functional weakness and loss of extension. The patient was indicated for a revision patellar tendon reconstruction due to persistent functional limitations.

Technique Description:

The revision patellar tendon reconstruction was performed with gracilis and semitendinosus tendon autografts harvested from the ipsilateral limb. Hardware was removed from the initial graft tunnels in the tibial tubercle and patella. Patellar height was estimated using fluoroscopic measurement of the contralateral patellar tendon length. The graft is first passed through the patellar tunnel, and the individual limbs of the graft are then both placed through the tibial tubercle tunnel. A sternal wire in a figure-of-eight configuration was used to progressively distalize the patella to match the native patellar height, and the graft was then tensioned and secured together.

Results:

The patient regained full range of motion at 2-year follow-up and was able to return to work and activities without functional limitations. Recent case series also using ipsilateral hamstring tendon autograft for chronic patellar tendon reconstruction report improved patient outcome scores, normal Insall-Salvati index, improved quadriceps strength, and high levels of patient satisfaction.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Chronic patellar tendon ruptures are technically challenging to treat, especially in the context of revision of a failed reconstruction. The technique presented in this video may aid orthopaedic surgeons in treating this rare but debilitating injury. Given the lack of high-quality evidence, future studies are needed to explore graft choices, graft fixation techniques, and postoperative protocols.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Patterns of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Problematic Health Outcomes Among US Young Adults: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Romm Katelyn F. , Berg Carla J.
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict problematic health outcomes (eg, substance use, mental health) among young adults; whether specific ACEs are differentially associated with specific substance use and mental health symptoms is understudied.

Methods:

Latent class analysis (LCA) identified classes of ACEs among 2209 US young adults ( Mage = 24.69, range: 18-34; 57.4% female; 30.9% sexual minority; 35.8% racial/ethnic minority) in a 2-year study (2018-2020). Multivariable logistic regressions examined ACEs (reported in 2019) in relation to 2020 reports of current (past 30-day) substance use (ie, tobacco use; cannabis use and hazardous use; alcohol use and binge drinking) and mental health (ie, ≥moderate depression and anxiety symptoms), controlling for sociodemographics (ie, age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, education).

Results:

Overall, 65.4% reported ≥1 ACE ( M = 2.09, SD = 2.30); 34.8%, 39.1%, and 71.1% current tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol use; 39.1% and 15.3% hazardous cannabis use and binge drinking; and 24.2% and 34.5% ≥moderate depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. LCA yielded 4 classes: Low ACEs (referent; 55.6%), Poor family health and divorce (16.3%), Parental abuse (16.0%), and High ACEs (12.1%). High ACEs (vs Low ACEs) was associated with each adverse substance use and mental health outcome except alcohol use. Poor family health and divorce was associated with tobacco use, cannabis use, and both mental health outcomes. Parental abuse was associated with tobacco use, cannabis use, hazardous cannabis use, and both mental health outcomes.

Conclusions:

Health promotion interventions for young adults must assess ACEs, given that certain types of ACEs may be associated with distinct substance use and mental health outcomes.