bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flare Activity of Wide Binary Stars with Kepler
Authors: Clarke Riley W. , Davenport James R. A. , Covey Kevin R. , Baranec Christoph
Published: January 2018

We present an analysis of flare activity in wide binary stars using a combination of value-added data sets from the NASA Kepler mission. The target list contains a set of previously discovered wide binary star systems identified by proper motions in the Kepler field. We cross-matched these systems with estimates of flare activity for ∼200,000 stars in the Kepler field, allowing us to compare relative flare luminosity between stars in coeval binaries. From a sample of 184 previously known wide binaries in the Kepler field, we find 58 with detectable flare activity in at least 1 component, 33 of which are similar in mass (q > 0.8). Of these 33 equal-mass binaries, the majority display similar (±1 dex) flare luminosity between both stars, as expected for stars of equal mass and age. However, we find two equal-mass pairs where the secondary (lower mass) star is more active than its counterpart, and two equal-mass pairs where the primary star is more active. The stellar rotation periods are also anomalously fast for stars with elevated flare activity. Pairs with discrepant rotation and activity qualitatively seem to have lower mass ratios. These outliers may be due to tidal spin-up, indicating these wide binaries could be hierarchical triple systems. We additionally present high-resolution adaptive optics images for two wide binary systems to test this hypothesis. The demographics of stellar rotation and magnetic activity between stars in wide binaries may be useful indicators for discerning the formation scenarios of these systems.
The Second Nucleus of NGC 7727: Direct Evidence for the Formation and Evolution of an Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy*
Authors: Schweizer François , Seitzer Patrick , Whitmore Bradley C. , Kelson Daniel D. , Villanueva Edward V.
Published: January 2018

We present new observations of the late-stage merger galaxy NGC 7727, including Hubble Space Telescope/WFPC2 images and long-slit spectra obtained with the Clay telescope. NGC 7727 is relatively luminous (

 = −21.7) and features two unequal tidal tails, various bluish arcs and star clusters, and two bright nuclei 480 pc apart in projection. These two nuclei have nearly identical redshifts, yet are strikingly different. The primary nucleus, hereafter Nucleus 1, fits smoothly into the central luminosity profile of the galaxy and appears—at various wavelengths—“red and dead.” In contrast, Nucleus 2 is very compact, has a tidal radius of 103 pc, and exhibits three signs of recent activity: a post-starburst spectrum, an [O iii] emission line, and a central X-ray point source. Its emission-line ratios place it among Seyfert nuclei. A comparison of Nucleus 2 (

 = −15.5) with ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) suggests that it may be the best case yet for a massive UCD having formed through tidal stripping of a gas-rich disk galaxy. Evidence for this comes from its extended star formation history, long blue tidal stream, and elevated dynamical-to-stellar-mass ratio. While the majority of its stars formed

ago, ∼1/3 formed during starbursts in the past 2 Gyr. Its weak active galactic nucleus activity is likely driven by a black hole of mass

. We estimate that the former companion’s initial mass was less than half that of then NGC 7727, implying a minor merger. By now this former companion has been largely shredded, leaving behind Nucleus 2 as a freshly minted UCD that probably moves on a highly eccentric orbit.
Near-horizon Structure of Escape Zones of Electrically Charged Particles around Weakly Magnetized Rotating Black Hole
Authors: Kopáček Ondřej , Karas Vladimír
Published: January 2018

An interplay of magnetic fields and gravitation drives accretion and outflows near black holes. However, a specific mechanism is still a matter of debate; it is very likely that different processes dominate under various conditions. In particular, for the acceleration of particles and their collimation in jets, an ordered component of the magnetic field seems to be essential. Here we discuss the role of large-scale magnetic fields in transporting the charged particles and dust grains from the bound orbits in the equatorial plane of a rotating (Kerr) black hole and the resulting acceleration along trajectories escaping the system in a direction parallel to the symmetry axis (perpendicular to the accretion disk). We consider a specific scenario of destabilization of circular geodesics of initially neutral matter by charging (e.g., due to photoionization). Some particles may be set on escaping trajectories and attain relativistic velocity. The case of charged particles differs from charged dust grains by their charge-to-mass ratio, but the acceleration mechanism operates in a similar manner. It appears that the chaotic dynamics controls the outflow and supports the formation of near-horizon escape zones. We employ the technique of recurrence plots to characterize the onset of chaos in the outflowing medium. We investigate the system numerically and construct the basin-boundary plots, which show the location and the extent of the escape zones. The effects of black hole spin and magnetic field strength on the formation and location of escape zones are discussed, and the maximal escape velocity is computed.
Ultralight Axion Dark Matter and Its Impact on Dark Halo Structure in N-body Simulations
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming , Kuo Jui-Lin , Cheung Kingman , Chu Ming-Chung
Published: January 2018

Ultralight axion is a dark matter candidate with mass

and de Broglie wavelength of order kiloparsec. Such an axion, also called fuzzy dark matter (FDM), thermalizes via gravitational force and forms a Bose–Einstein condensate. Recent studies suggested that the quantum pressure from FDM can significantly affect structure formation in small scales, thus alleviating the so-called “small-scale crisis.” In this paper, we develop a new technique to discretize the quantum pressure and illustrate the interactions among FDM particles in an N-body simulation that accurately simulates the formation of the dark matter halo and its inner structure in the region outside the softening length. In a self-gravitationally bound virialized halo, we find a constant density solitonic core, which is consistent with theoretical prediction. The existence of the solitonic core reveals the nonlinear effect of quantum pressure and impacts structure formation in the FDM model.
Élever l’impuissance à l’impossible : l’acte de création du compositeur Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)
Authors: Guillen Anne-Sophie , Askofaré Sidi
Published: January 2018

L’acte de création d’Arnold Schoenberg permet de s’interroger sur son rapport au savoir. Plusieurs éléments laissent supposer qu’il y a eu pour le compositeur une mutation dans son rapport au savoir. Arnold Schoenberg a rigoureusement étudié les compositeurs du passé. S’il en retire un précieux enseignement, il repère très tôt un manque dans le savoir qui ne lui permet pas l’expression du réel de ses sentiments. Dès lors Schoenberg ne cessera de suivre ce qu’il nomme une nécessité intérieure jusqu’à s’inventer son propre style. Son génie lui permettra de transformer et de subvertir la musique des anciens, jusqu’à inventer une harmonisation nouvelle, la gamme dodécaphonique puis sa musique sérielle.
Le vide dans le miroir. À propos de la « Ruth Kjär » de Melanie Klein et de Karin Michaelis
Authors: Martin-Mattera Patrick
Published: January 2018

Cet article présente tout d’abord une lecture et une version originale d’un texte de Karin Michaelis rendu célèbre par Melanie Klein sous le titre « L’espace vide », dans lequel Ruth Kjär, une femme souffrant de violents accès de vide en elle, se met, à l’âge de 34 ans, brusquement à la peinture et devient dans son pays, une artiste reconnue. Puis, après avoir synthétisé la biographie de cette artiste, retrouvée il y a peu, nous proposons un commentaire clinique permettant de saisir certains éléments de sa dynamique psychique avant et après le « déclenchement » de son art.
« Faut s’adapter aux cultures, Maître ! »
Authors: Bessière Céline , Biland Émilie , Bourguignon Abigail , Gollac Sibylle , Mille Muriel , Steinmetz Hélène
Published: January 2018

Issu d’une enquête collective au sein de tribunaux de grande instance en France, l’article cherche à comprendre pourquoi le domaine de la famille est le terrain privilégié de l’expression d’un souci culturaliste de la part des professionnel‑le‑s du droit (juges, avocat‑e‑s et greffières) et quels sont les effets, dans la pratique, de ces processus de différenciation et de racialisation des publics sur le traitement des justiciables appartenant aux minorités ethno‑raciales. Dans un contexte de justice de masse, les catégories ethno‑raciales que les professionnel‑le‑s du droit mobilisent offrent un moyen rapide de catégoriser les affaires, en appréhendant des situations familiales perçues comme « complexes » dans une opposition binaire et évolutionniste (culture « traditionnelle » et « patriarcale » des minorités ethno‑raciales vs culture « moderne » et « émancipatrice » de la population majoritaire), durcissant par là des stéréotypes de genre et de classe.
Les relations ambivalentes du Québec à la France de Vichy : retour sur l’événement, sa mémoire et l’écriture de son histoire
Authors: Bergère Marc
Published: January 2018

Les choix imposés au Canada par la Seconde Guerre mondiale constituent un excellent prisme de l’ambivalence du Québec dans son rapport au monde et à lui-même. C’est précisément la relation du Québec à la France de Vichy que cet article se propose d’explorer à travers un retour sur l’événement (la guerre et la sortie de guerre), sa mémoire et l’écriture de son histoire. À l’interface de l’historiographie disponible et de recherches personnelles, l’article traite ainsi de dimensions diplomatiques, culturelles, politiques et sociales des relations entre la France et le Québec de 1945 à aujourd’hui.
Propositions participiales et types de discours
Authors: Havu Eva
Published: January 2018

Même si les propositions participiales sont généralement présentées comme des tours propres au discours écrit plutôt formel (Blanche-Benveniste 1997), elles ne sont pas absentes dans l’oral vernaculaire. Pour mieux distinguer les emplois des participes au niveau du vernaculaire, nous examinerons les traits syntaxiques et sémantiques des propositions participiales dans un corpus de français vernaculaire et comparerons les résultats à ceux trouvés dans quatre autres types de texte, dont deux oraux et deux écrits. Les critères de médium (phonique/graphique) et de mode de conception (oral/scriptural) permettent de classer les corpus sur une échelle qui montre que le français vernaculaire ne se distingue pas catégoriquement des autres types d’oral ou des textes écrits. Aucun type de langue n’est homogène et, à l’intérieur de chaque corpus, se profilent des contextes plus favorables à l’emploi des propositions participiales.
La comparaison : analyses de aussi / si et de ne en français parlé et écrit actuel
Authors: Hadermann Pascale
Published: January 2018

Cette étude vise à décrire le fonctionnement de trois marqueurs apparaissant dans des structures comparatives en français : aussi (que) , si (que) et ne dit « explétif ». Les deux premiers expriment respectivement l’égalité et l’intensité, mais ils tendent à se confondre dans certains de leurs emplois. De même, ne alterne avec le morphème ø dans des comparatives. Aussi est-il intéressant de vérifier quels sont les traits co(n)textuels qui facilitent ces glissements et alternances. Afin de mieux cerner le fonctionnement des marqueurs retenus, nous avons constitué un petit corpus de données orales que nous avons confrontées avec des données écrites. Cette double démarche nous permet de déceler les spécificités inhérentes à chaque code et de corroborer l’hypothèse de la tendance, pour la langue orale, à l’innovation d’une part et à l’économie de marquage explétif d’autre part.
La corrélation à l’oral
Authors: Roig Audrey
Published: January 2018

Cette contribution entend revenir sur quelques aspects liés à l’oral dans les constructions corrélatives isomorphes. À partir d’un corpus d’exemples authentiques, nous tenterons d’apporter des réponses à une série de questions relatives (a) à la réalisation conjointe des segments, (b) aux marques, (c) à l’intonation dans les structures corrélatives isomorphes.
La lecture des films en cours de français : un enjeu de formation pour les enseignants et les élèves
Authors: Massart-Laluc Vincent , Perret Cécile
Published: January 2018

L’article rend compte d’un travail de recherche-action à L’ÉSPÉ de Lyon. Les récits contemporains partagés sont véhiculés par l’industrie cinématographique ; qu’ils prennent la forme de séries ( Game of thrones ) ou de blockbusters ( Avatar , Hunger games ), de film ou de dessins animés. Dans quelle mesure ces récits peuvent-ils être intégrés au corpus de la littérature étudiée au lycée professionnel ? Le projet de former des sujets-lecteurs de ces supports narratifs contemporains est d’autant plus pertinent que les élèves apparaissent assez dépourvus de stratégies interprétatives face à ces récits qu’ils regardent sans les lire. Si tous ces récits constituent un « laboratoire des cas de conscience » dans lequel s’élaborent les modalités d’agir des lecteurs-trices, alors il est urgent de permettre aux élèves de lycée professionnel d’identifier les discours à l’œuvre dans ces récits et de construire à leur propos la possibilité d’en devenir lecteur-interprétant, afin de devenir des citoyens agissant.
Enseigner le français en lycée professionnel : exemples de pratiques
Authors: Baron Alexandre , Chudy Aline , Férir Gaëtan
Published: January 2018

Les spécificités de l’enseignement du français en lycée professionnel reposent sur des facteurs historiques, institutionnels, sociologiques, didactiques et pédagogiques. La discipline est traversée de multiples tensions structurantes qui expliquent les pratiques de classe, comme dans les exemples fournis par trois enseignant.e.s reconnu.e.s à divers degrés par l’institution : i)  Alexandre Baron définit quatre formes dominantes de rapport aux savoirs et présente des activités mises en œuvre en baccalauréat professionnel pour des élèves qui entretiennent un rapport difficile avec le français ; ii) Aline Chudy propose une séquence en certificat d’aptitude professionnelle (CAP) afin de motiver les élèves grâce à la bivalence et susciter intérêt et investissement ; iii) Gaëtan Férir choisit de privilégier l’approche culturelle comme moyen de stimuler des jeunes qui sont en état de tension ou de crispation avec le système scolaire. Trois expériences qui se rejoignent sur les publics et leur rapport aux savoirs, et qui mettent en œuvre des enseignements originaux et créatifs dans le cadre d’un enseignement bivalent.
La place des réseaux d’entraide interpersonnels Nord-Sud dans le processus de reconstruction postcatastrophe : l’exemple du séisme de 2015 au Népal
Authors: Hollé Annick , Sarrazin Caroline
Published: January 2018

Dans les jours qui suivirent les séismes qui frappèrent le Népal au printemps 2015, face à l’absence d’actions gouvernementales efficaces, les villageois ont réagi en faisant appel aux nombreuses relations nouées avec des Occidentaux aux hasards des rencontres faites en arpentant les pentes de leurs montagnes. Ces contacts ont débouché sur des propositions d’assistance. Cette aide, que nous qualifions d’informelle car née de relations interpersonnelles, est polymorphe puisqu’elle a pris toutes les formes possibles d’intervention. L’étude s’intéresse aux origines, à la nature et à l’étendue de ces aides interpersonnelles, qui ont permis à plusieurs villages de se relever après les secousses.
Le procès de la Zone franc. Arguments, contre-arguments et voies d’évolution
Authors: Jacquemot Pierre
Published: January 2018

Le franc CFA est de nouveau mis en question. Le système monétaire de la Zone franc qui régit 15 pays d’Afrique date de la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il a survécu aux Indépendances. Le procès qui lui est fait est en partie justifié : le franc CFA profite d’abord aux élites rentières. La réforme est à l’ordre du jour. Elle doit toucher aux symboles qui cristallisent les critiques, mais surtout aux mécanismes qui doivent permettre de mieux financer les économies et contribuer à réduire les facteurs d’inégalités et de pauvreté.
Échanges industriels entre l’Algérie et l’Union européenne et démantèlement tarifaire des produits industriels
Authors: Belkacem Kasmi Djamila , Herizi Ratiba
Published: January 2018

Cet article traite d’abord de la mise en œuvre du démantèlement tarifaire des produits industriels depuis 2005, date d’entrée en vigueur de l’Accord d’association entre l’Algérie et l’Union européenne. Nous analyserons ensuite l’évolution des échanges de ces biens avant et après l’année 2005. Enfin, parmi ces derniers et, selon l’analyse précédente, nous identifierons un noyau de commerce intra-branche qui favoriserait une nouvelle intégration régionale profitable aux deux partenaires.
Professionalization or amateurism?
Authors: Sanchez Salgado Rosa
Published: January 2018

Cet article questionne comment l’implication dans des projets transnationaux européens a contribué à la professionnalisation de postes de chargé de formation ou management interculturels dans le secteur social. Au travers du principe de transationalisme, la Commission soutient économiquement des communautés transnationales de pratiques et de projets communs organisés par des associations à but lucratif et non-lucratif, ou encore par des autorités infranationales dans différents États membres. Cet article montre qu’en l’absence d’un ensemble de règles et de normes, de pratiques et de routines dans le secteur social, l’Union européenne n’a pas contribué à la professionnalisation des postes de chargé de formation ou management en matière interculturelle. L’analyse des compétences interculturelles fondamentales comme la communication et la sensibilisation interculturelle montre que le management de projets interculturels se caractérise par un certain amateurisme qui peut prendre différentes formes en fonction des contextes nationaux et locaux. Dans cette analyse qualitative comparative, le développement empirique repose sur une analyse documentaire et sur des entretiens semi-directifs approfondis avec des managers de projets impliqués dans la coopération transnationale en France et aux Pays-Bas.
Predicting the Drivers of the Intention to Use Mobile Learning in South Korea
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jung , Rha Jong-Youn
Published: January 2018

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"><span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: accent1;" lang="EN-US"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;" lang="EN-US">This study empirically analyzed a survey conducted on South Korean undergraduate students to determine the factors that influence their decision to adopt mobile learning. The consumer typology approach was applied<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: '맑은 고딕'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;" lang="EN-US"> based on<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-themecolor: text1;" lang="EN-US"> their mobile technology readiness, and identified three distinct consumer groups: critical adopters, pro-technology, and ambivalent. Critical adopters were the largest of the three groups, indicating that a significant portion of university students in South Korea might be critical adopters of mobile learning. Compatibility and observability positively influenced the intention to use mobile learning in all consumer groups. In the critical adopter and ambivalent groups, mobile learning resistance had the greatest effect on the intention to use mobile learning, while in the pro-technology group mobile learning self-efficacy had the greatest effect on this intention. Results identified significant differences across consumer groups in the antecedents and consequences of the intention to use mobile learning.
A Study of Fixed-Drug Reactions at a Rural-Based Tertiary Care Center, Gujarat
Authors: Vora Rita V , Singhal Rochit R , Kota Rahulkrishna S , Gajjar Bharat M
Published: January 2018

Context:

Adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDRs) are very common due to a wide variety of drugs available in markets. Fixed-drug reaction (FDR) is a type of ACDR that dermatologists are facing frequently nowadays. There is a need to identify various drugs responsible for FDR and to ensure the safety of the patients with proper counseling.

Aim and Objective:

The aim and objective was to study the demographic details, clinical patterns, and the offending drugs causing FDR.

Setting and Design:

This was a cross-sectional, observational study.

Materials and Methods:

The study was carried out from April 2010 to March 2015 in the Department of Dermatology at a rural-based tertiary care center of Gujarat, India, after taking approval from the hospital's research ethical committee. A detailed history taking and thorough clinical examination were done for all the patients having FDR and were recorded in a predesigned pro forma. Analysis was done using frequencies, proportions, and Chi-square test. All the patients were educated regarding ACDRs and given a list of drugs causing FDR to avoid recurrence.

Results:

A total of 59 patients were studied for FDR among which 32 (54.23%) were males and 27 (45.76%) were females. Fever (20.34%) was the most common illness for which patients had taken the culprit drug. Antimicrobials (26 [44.07%]) were the most common group of drugs causing FDR followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (21 [35.59%]). As a single molecule, diclofenac was the most common drug causing FDR followed by metronidazole 5 (8.47%) and cotrimoxazole, fluconazole, and ciprofloxacin 4 (6.78%) each. The most common complaint following intake of the culprit drug was pigmented patch (31 [52.54%]) followed by blisters (13 [22.03%]).

Conclusion:

FDR is one of the important ACDRs seen in patients. Antimicrobials are the most common group while diclofenac is the most common drug causing FDR.
Суммирование неупорядоченных массивов
Authors: Shchepin Evgeny Vital'evich
Published: January 2018

В данной статье излагается подход к суммированию неупорядоченных числовых и матричных массивов на основе их упорядочения по абсолютной величине (жадное суммирование). Доказаны теоремы о произведении жадных сумм. Вскрыта связь теории жадного суммирования с теорией обобщенных рядов Дирихле. Рассмотрено понятие асимптотического ряда Дирихле.
О неравенстве Пойи-Сегe для функционалов с переменным показателем суммирования
Authors: Bankevich Sergei Victorovich
Published: January 2018

Рассматриваются аналоги неравенства Пойи-Сегe с переменным показателем суммирования в интегранте. Получены необходимые и достаточные условия выполнения неравенств.
Caractérisation de la variabilité climatique dans la region du centre-nord du burkina faso entre 1961 et 2015
Authors: Narcise Kabore Pamalba , Ouedraogo Amadé , Sanon Moussa , Yaka Pascal , Some Léopold
Published: January 2018

Cette étude a pour but de caractériser la variabilité climatique dans le Centre-Nord du Burkina Faso. L’économie de cette région est particulièrement vulnérable au changement climatique. Les données collectées à cette fin concernent la pluviométrie journalière enregistrée dans onze stations et couvrant la période 1961-2015. L’indice pluviométrique standardisé a été utilisé pour déterminer les périodes sèches et humides. Des tests statistiques ont été appliqués pour analyser la variabilité pluviométrique. Les indices ETCCDMI ont permis de caractériser les extrêmes pluviométriques. Les résultats montrent que la période 1961-2015 est caractérisée par une alternance de phases humides et sèches avec une tendance générale à la baisse des précipitations annuelles. La région a connu une modification de son régime pluviométrique depuis la fin des années 1960. Cette modification s’est traduite par une période de baisse des cumuls pluviométriques et des pluies journalières. Cependant, la pluviométrie régionale a amorcé un retour vers des périodes plus humides depuis la fin des années 1980 et les décennies 1990 et 2000. La reprise est plus prononcée dans la zone sahélienne que dans l’espace soudano-sahélien. Cette étude montre une forte disparité spatiale dans la répartition des jours pluvieux durant ces décennies. En effet, le nombre annuel de jours pluvieux est en hausse dans cinq localités tandis qu’il est en baisse dans les six autres localités. La fréquence des pluies de 50 mm, des pluies intenses et des pluies extrêmes est en hausse depuis la fin des années 1980 et les décennies 1990 et 2000. Le retour des pluies est plutôt lié à une fréquence élevée des évènements de forte intensité pluviométrique qu’à une augmentation des jours pluvieux. Malgré cette évolution, on note une persistance de la sécheresse dans certaines localités du Centre-Nord notamment depuis 2005 à Kongoussi et 2010 à Bouroum.
Severe Strongyloidiasis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Should We Preventively Treat the Recipient, the Donor, or Both?
Authors: Eperon Gilles , Tourret Jerome , Ailioaie Oana , Paris Luc , Mercadal Lucile , Mayaux Julien , Caumes Eric , Barrou Benoit
Published: January 2018

Strongyloidiasis is caused by a soil-transmitted helminth that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. The parasite can complete its life cycle without leaving the host, allowing autoinfection and persistence. The risk of infection in travelers is low, but the disease may become lethal following immunosuppression. In case of solid organ transplantation, the risk of donor transmission has been suspected for several years. However, the management of live donors in this context has only recently been considered, and no guidelines exist for the management of deceased donors. To highlight the complexity of diagnosing, treating, and preventing strongyloidiasis donor transmission, we describe a case of possible transmission of severe strongyloidiasis to a kidney transplant recipient with limited travel history. Taking into account the difficulty of diagnosing chronic strongyloidiasis infection and the increase in travel and immunosuppressive treatments, we recommend pragmatic management guidelines to limit the risks of infection.
Escherichia coli Contamination across Multiple Environmental Compartments (Soil, Hands, Drinking Water, and Handwashing Water) in Urban Harare: Correlations and Risk Factors
Authors: Navab-Daneshmand Tala , Friedrich Max N. D. , Gächter Marja , Montealegre Maria Camila , Mlambo Linn S. , Nhiwatiwa Tamuka , Mosler Hans-Joachim , Julian Timothy R.
Published: January 2018

Escherichia coli pathotypes (i.e., enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic) have been identified among the pathogens most responsible for moderate-to-severe diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pathogenic E. coli are transmitted from infected human or animal feces to new susceptible hosts via environmental reservoirs such as hands, water, and soil. Commensal E. coli, which includes nonpathogenic E. coli strains, are widely used as fecal bacteria indicator, with their presence associated with increased likelihood of enteric pathogens and/or diarrheal disease. In this study, we investigated E. coli contamination in environmental reservoirs within households (N = 142) in high-population density communities of Harare, Zimbabwe. We further assessed the interconnectedness of the environmental compartments by investigating associations between, and household-level risk factors for, E. coli contamination. From the data we collected, the source and risk factors for E. coli contamination are not readily apparent. One notable exception is the presence of running tap water on the household plot, which is associated with significantly less E. coli contamination of drinking water, handwashing water, and hands after handwashing. In addition, E. coli levels on hands after washing are significantly associated with handwashing water contamination, hand contamination before washing, and diarrhea incidence. Finally, we observed that animal ownership increases E. coli contamination in soil, and E. coli in soil are correlated with contamination on hands before washing. This study highlights the complexity of E. coli contamination in household environments within LMICs. More, larger, studies are needed to better identify sources and exposure pathways of E. coli—and enteric pathogens generally—to identify effective interventions.
Case Report: An Acute Chikungunya Infection and a Recent Secondary Dengue Infection in a Peripartum Case in Ecuador
Authors: Farrell Daniel F. , Lupone Christina D. , Kenneson Aileen , Cueva Cinthya , Heydari Naveed , Barzallo Aguilera Julio H. , Polhemus Mark , Endy Timothy P. , Stewart-Ibarra Anna M.
Published: January 2018

Dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are transmitted by the same mosquito vectors and now co-circulate in many parts of the world; however, coinfections and serial infections are not often diagnosed or reported. A 38-week pregnant woman was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of suspected DENV and CHIKV in southern coastal Ecuador. The pregnancy was complicated by mild polyhydramnios and fetal tachycardia, and a healthy newborn was born. The patient was positive for a recent secondary DENV infection (Immunoglobulin M and Immunoglobulin G positive) and an acute CHIKV infection (real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction positive) (Asian genotype). The newborn was not tested for either virus. This case resulted in a benign clinical course with a favorable pregnancy outcome.
Case Report: Chorioamnionitis and Premature Delivery due to Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection in Pregnancy
Authors: Porter Michelle C. , Pennell Craig E. , Woods Patricia , Dyer John , Merritt Adam J. , Currie Bart J.
Published: January 2018

We report a case of placental infection leading to preterm delivery in a mother diagnosed with septicemia and pneumonia due to Burkholderia pseudomallei in pregnancy. Placental infection occurred despite prolonged ceftazidime therapy.
Case Report: Iatrogenic Infection from Traditional Treatment of Stingray Envenomation
Authors: Hønge Bo Langhoff , Patsche Cecilie Blenstrup , Jensen Mads Mose , Schaltz-Buchholzer Frederik , Baad-Hansen Thomas , Wejse Christian
Published: January 2018

A 47-year-old man was stung on the left ankle by a stingray while on vacation on the Island of Bubaque, Guinea-Bissau. The affected limb was initially treated with an attempt to suck out the venom and application of chewed plant root. The following 3 days, local pain gradually diminished, but then high fever erupted together with generalized symptoms and intense pain from the ankle. After initiating antibiotic treatment, the patient was evacuated. Because of sustained symptoms and fever, the wound was surgically debrided, and culture revealed infection with oral flora bacteria. Attempts to suck out venom are not recommended.
Introduction
Authors: Haskell Alexander B.
Published: January 2018

Sir Walter Ralegh published his monumental History of the World in 1614, two years after the untimely death of the young Prince Henry, heir apparent to James I, and seven years after the successful establishment of a Virginia colony at Jamestown, a fort situated along a grand river given the same sovereign-evoking name, the James. The three events were undoubtedly intertwined for Ralegh. Prince Henry was the darling of the Virginia colonizers. Embraced for his firm Protestant faith but also more broadly idealized as heaven-sent, Henry was eagerly courted by the adventurers, who wanted him to serve as the “...
Sir William Berkeley, the Hobbists, and the End of Renaissance-Era Colonization
Authors: Haskell Alexander B.
Published: January 2018

This chapter traces the end of Renaissance-era colonization in the tensions between Thomas Hobbes's new theory of state sovereignty and the more-traditional Christian humanism of Sir William Berkeley. As Virginia’s governor for more than a quarter century, Berkeley applied an establishmentarian approach to governance that he had first developed, in the 1630s, in the theological-philosophical coterie known as the Great Tew circle. Adopting a Pyrrhonian skeptical view of God's truths as accessible only in the mundane civil achievements of humans, Great Tew members like Berkeley's friend Edward Hyde, later first earl of Clarendon, exalted established laws and institutions as the only true guide to following God's will. Eschewing both the godly assurance of the Puritans and the extreme skepticism of Hobbes, Berkeley sought to steer Virginia through an era marked by the English Civil War, the Restoration of monarchy under Charles II, and new Hobbesian initiatives to realize a unitary state that centered on England and whose colonies were meant to be provinces rather than commonwealths. When, in 1676–1677, Nathaniel Bacon, Jr., launched his own Presbyterian Hobbist challenge to Berkeley's authority in Bacon's Rebellion, planters themselves ultimately rejected Hobbism in favor of the colony's familiar commonwealth bonds to king and God.
“Murder, Robbery, Rape, Adultery, and Incest”
Authors: Faherty Duncan
Published: January 2018

This essay considers how and why Federalist writers turned to the medium of fiction after the Revolution of 1800 in order to continue to express their concerns about the dangers of a Jeffersonian ascendency and the future of national development. By exploring the connections between rhetorical practices before and after Jefferson’s election, I argue that Federalist writers deployed the same tropes and metaphors to reflect on the loss of their authority despite the shift in genre from newspaper editorial to the novel form. Central to this practice was the use of reflections on the Haitian Revolution which served to represent the instabilities of plantation culture and its capacity to erode cultural mores. The essay focuses on Martha Meredith Read’s Margaretta (1807) as an emblematic example of the ways in which Federalist writers sought to deploy representations of planter decadence as a means of critiquing Jeffersonian power. Yet more than simply critiquing Jeffersonianism, Read also seeks to reframe the tenets of Federalism by advocating that properly ordered domestic spheres are the true source of cultural stability.
“Hindoo Marriage” and National Sovereignty in the Early-Nineteenth-Century United States
Authors: Connolly Brian
Published: January 2018

This essay explored the concept of sovereignty in relation both to the legal definition of marriage within the emergent field of private international law and representations of “Hindoo” marriage in the early nineteenth century. I argue that in establishing national sovereignty the United States, paradoxically, had to give up a bit of sovereignty in order to be recognized as a sovereign nation. This was apparent in legal writings on marriage, wherein influential jurists like Joseph Story argued that a marriage legally recognized in one country was valid everywhere, even if it violated the domestic laws of a new nation. In order to deal with this paradox the cultural apparatus – in this case, print culture – worked to supplement the law. Missionary writings on supposedly “Hindoo” marriages and marital relations such as sati, child marriage, and infanticide supplemented the law by marking these kinds of relations, which would potentially have been legal in the US, as outside the logic of liberal democracy.
All the Agents and Saints
Authors: Elizondo Griest Stephanie
Published: January 2018

After a decade of chasing stories around the globe, intrepid travel writer Stephanie Elizondo Griest followed the magnetic pull home--only to discover that her native South Texas had been radically transformed in her absence. Ravaged by drug wars and barricaded by an eighteen-foot steel wall, her ancestral land had become the nation’s foremost crossing ground for undocumented workers, many of whom perished along the way. Before Elizondo Griest moved to the New York/Canada borderlands, the frequency of these tragedies seemed like a terrible coincidence. Once she began to meet Mohawks from the Akwesasne Nation, however, she recognized striking parallels to life on the southern border. Having lost their land through devious treaties, their mother tongues at English-only schools, and their traditional occupations through capitalist ventures, Tejanos and Mohawks alike struggle under the legacy of colonialism. Toxic industries surround their neighborhoods while the U.S. Border Patrol militarizes them. Combating these forces are legions of artists and activists devoted to preserving their indigenous cultures. Complex belief systems, meanwhile, conjure miracles. In All the Agents and Saints, Elizondo Griest weaves seven years of stories into a meditation on the existential impact of international borderlines by illuminating the spaces in between.
Liminality and the Search for the New Austin Bohemianism
Authors: Long Joshua
Published: January 2018

In Austin, Texas—a city celebrated for its ‘weird’ and non-conformist culture—the once accessible enclaves of creative expression are now beyond the reach of its emergent artists while the liminal spaces of Austin’s Bohemian past are becoming increasingly eclipsed by expanding landscapes of affluence and vogue consumerism. This chapter examines the historical evolution of Austin’s emergence as a tolerant space for non-conformity, activism, and Bohemian sensibility in the heart of Texas. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Austin was the clear destination for those who had become otherwise ostracized in the surrounding conservative towns and cities. Since the late 1990s, however, a mix of co-option, compromise, and urban governance has removed targets for activism while the Bohemian ghosts of Austin’s past became slowly overshadowed by towering condos of creative workers and pseudo-hipsters. The iconoclast creativity of Austin’s most promising Bohemians has become monetized and marketed as a product whose value far outweighs its producers. Despite these trends, this chapter is not a swan song for Austin Bohemianism. Instead, it suggests that nostalgia, the avant-garde, and artistic activism endure in and around the city, and that against trends toward homogenization and commodification, Austin remains an uncontrived site of Bohemian performance.
Double-Bind Generation
Authors: Chaney Anthony
Published: January 2018

The narrative setting for this chapter is Bateson’s 1966 visit to Northern California to speak at the “Two Worlds Symposium” – a student-oriented event dedicated to an exploration of the “generation gap” and its relation to social and political unrest. These students, inspired by the Civil Rights Movement, an emerging counterculture, and a New Left, were representative of a "double-bind generation" torn between postwar affluence and a hard-to-articulate discomfort with how American power was being expressed domestically and internationally. In his speech, Bateson offered an explanation for their unrest and psychic pain that mixed 20th-century historical interpretation and cybernetic theory. He used the Treaty of Versailles as an example of a transnational double bind. Bateson’s message was informed by his family’s experience of World War I, at the heart of which was a tragic generational conflict analogous to the one bearing down on 1960s-era youth during the escalation of US involvement in the Vietnam War. Bateson offered hope to his discontented young audience, but by framing their current crisis in terms of his new, cybernetic natural history, but it was a hope that challenged commonplace solutions and modes of change.
Schismogenesis
Authors: Chaney Anthony
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes how a surge of protest over the Vietnam War brought back the classic debate over the nature of revolution. Should change be directed at the interior, at perception and culture, or should it be directed at the exterior, at existing institutions? This debate was framed by 1966's most celebrated play, Marat/Sade. England’s leading culturalist, R. D. Laing, founder of Kingsley Hall in Swinging London, planned an event for the following year: the Congress on the Dialectics of Liberation. He invited Bateson, an old mentor, to speak. Bateson’s letter of acceptance included a scientific critique of radicalism. In the States, the experience of San Francisco Digger founder Emmett Grogan, demonstrated culturalist and structuralist strains within an emerging counterculture. In March of 1967, as the Summer of Love approached, Grogan and the Diggers disrupted a Michigan executive meeting of the Students for a Democratic Society. The event demonstrated fragmentation within a movement suddenly too large and amorphous for its purported leadership. Before leaving for London, Bateson reads Philip Wylie's The Magic Animal in light of his recent friendship with Konrad Lorenz.
Dangerous Grounds
Authors: Parsons David L.
Published: January 2018

As the Vietnam War divided the nation, a network of antiwar coffeehouses appeared in the towns and cities outside American military bases. Owned and operated by civilian activists, GI coffeehouses served as off-base refuges for the growing number of active-duty soldiers resisting the war. In the first history of this network, David L. Parsons shows how antiwar GIs and civilians united to battle local authorities, vigilante groups, and the military establishment itself by building a dynamic peace movement within the armed forces.
Peopled with lively characters and set in the tense environs of base towns around the country, this book complicates the often misunderstood relationship between the civilian antiwar movement, U.S. soldiers, and military officials during the Vietnam era. Using a broad set of primary and secondary sources, Parsons shows us a critical moment in the history of the Vietnam-era antiwar movement, when a chain of counterculture coffeehouses brought the war's turbulent politics directly to the American military's doorstep.
Creating Conventions
Authors: Ewoodzie Joseph C.
Published: January 2018

If Part One of this book described the beginnings of a new entity, this second part describes how it coalesced. If the former showed how sites of difference developed and how proto-boundaries formed, the latter discusses how a certain set of relations and proto-boundaries became longer lasting. Chapter 3 argues that boundaries become more durable when an internal logic develops within them. It shows that some conventions were intentionally introduced from within the scene; some came from inside the scene but were the result of accidents; some came from outside but were intentionally incorporated; and some were imposed on the scene from changes in the surrounding context. The empirical details of these arguments about the making of hip hop include an exploration of how scratching was invented; how security crews became important; how MCing emerged as a vital part of South Bronx parties; how hustlers became part of the scene; and how DJs and MCs competed with one another for recognition in the South Bronx. Further, I show how, with the entrée of new actors, certain attributes of the emerging entity became standard while others died off.
Race, Gender, and the Pursuit of Recognition
Authors: Ewoodzie Joseph C.
Published: January 2018

Chapter 5 concentrates on the role of race and gender in the pursuit of recognition. Details about the role and influence of women in the early years of hip hop have mostly been ignored in previous works, but this chapter shows that women were significant to the internal logic of the scene. Exploring the rise and fall of The Mercedes Ladies, the first all-female DJing and MCing crew, we see that the masculine orientation of the scene limited how much symbolic capital could be accrued because the most important social networks in the scene (e.g., those of party promoters, club owners, and security crews) were dominated by males. This chapter also explores the rise of Charlie Chase, a popular Puerto Rican DJ, to demonstrate how race mattered in the pursuit of symbolic capital. Even though all young people in the South Bronx neighborhoods, including non-blacks, were invited to the parties, not all could, without opposition, become famous performers. This was because the most desirable role in the scene, being a performer, was reserved for blacks, while non-blacks who attempted to cross this boundary faced some resistance.
After Aquarius Dawned
Authors: Kutulas Judy
Published: January 2018

This book looks at how the lives of everyday Americans changed because of the civil rights movement, the sexual revolution, the women’s movement, the counterculture and other “revolutionary” Sixties movements. Its chapters focus on the mainstreaming of new values and ideas through television, journalism, music, and clothing.
Jah Kingdom
Authors: Bedasse Monique A.
Published: January 2018

From its beginnings in 1930s Jamaica, the Rastafarian movement has become a global presence. While the existing studies of Rastafari have primarily focused on its cultural expression through reggae music, art, and iconography, Monique A. Bedasse argues that repatriation to Africa represents the most important vehicle of its international growth. Shifting the scholarship on repatriation from Ethiopia to Tanzania, Bedasse foregrounds Rastafari’s enduring connection to black radical politics and establishes Tanzania as a critical site to explore gender, religion, race, citizenship, socialism, and nation. Beyond her engagement with how the Rastafarian idea of Africa translated into a lived reality, she demonstrates how Tanzanian state and nonstate actors not only validated the Rastafarian idea of diaspora but were also crucial to defining the parameters of Pan-Africanism. Based on previously undiscovered oral and written sources from Tanzania, Jamaica, England, the United States, and Trinidad, Bedasse uncovers a vast and varied transnational network--including Julius Nyerere, Michael Manley, and C. L. R James--revealing Rastafari’s entrenchment in the making of Pan-Africanism in the postindependence period.
Conclusion
Authors: Gussow Adam
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that the meaning of the blues-devil has shifted over time, with white understandings that highlight Robert Johnson's soul-sale at the crossroads coming to dominate the contemporary conversation. Clarksdale, Mississippi has become a center of touristic interest in Johnson and a place where artists and investors seek to profit from a stereotyped, gothic-laden idea of the crossroads; this development bothers some black residents of the city, who feel as though their neighborhood, one historically connected with the blues, has been bypassed. The devil-blues lyric tradition, meanwhile, has flourished in the first fifteen years of the new millennium, a development driven both by Johnson's popularity and by a post-9/11 anxiety about "evil" at large in the world. The longstanding struggle between black southern ministers and purveyors of "the devil's music" continues into the present, at least in Mississippi, but with noticeably less intensity than in days gone by.