bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Re-Identification Risks of Data Protected by Additive Data Perturbation
Authors: Li Han , Muralidhar Krishnamurty , Sarathy Rathindra , Luo Xin (Robert)
Published: October 2014

Commercial organizations and government agencies that gather, store, share and disseminate data are facing increasing concerns over individual privacy and confidentiality. Confidential data is often masked in the database or prior to release to a third party, through methods such as data perturbation. In this study, re-identification risks of three major additive data perturbation techniques were compared using two different record linkage techniques. The results suggest that re-identification risk of Kim's multivariate noise addition method is similar to that of simple noise addition method. The general additive perturbation method (GADP) has the lowest re-identification risk and therefore provides the highest level of protection. The study also suggests that Fuller's method of assessing re-identification risk may be better suited than the probabilistic record-linkage method of Winkler, for numeric data. The results of this study should be help organizations and government agencies choose an appropriate additive perturbation technique.
La lutte contre les moustiques (Diptera: Culicidae): diversité des approches et application du contrôle biologique
Authors: Bawin T. , Seye F. , Boukraa S. , Zimmer J.-Y. , Delvigne F. , Francis F.
Published: October 2014

Plusieurs espèces de moustiques (Diptera: Culicidae) sont des vecteurs de zoonoses d’incidence médicale et vétérinaire considérables. Une modification de la distribution géographique de ces vecteurs majoritairement engendrée par des facteurs anthropiques est actuellement accompagnée de (ré-)émergences de maladies infectieuses en Europe et en Amérique du Nord. Depuis l’avènement des insecticides de synthèse lors de la seconde guerre mondiale, les moustiques font l’objet de recherches de plus en plus étendues et approfondies. Dans une vision de lutte intégrée, les moyens de lutte anti-vectorielle se répartissent aujourd’hui selon quatre axes principaux: (1) la gestion environnementale et le contrôle physique, (2) le contrôle chimique, (3) le contrôle génétique, et (4) le contrôle biologique par le biais d’entomophages et de micro-organismes entomopathogènes. Dans ce contexte, ces derniers ont un potentiel intéressant car ils possèdent la capacité d’infecter et de tuer l’hôte avec une sélectivité plus ou moins prononcée. Cet article se propose de resituer le contrôle biologique parmi les autres techniques dans la lutte anti-vectorielle contre les moustiques, et de faire état des potentialités et des perspectives offertes par les bactéries, virus et champignons entomopathogènes. Leur utilisation sous forme de biopesticides est enfin discutée.
The use of traditional and novel techniques to determine the hardness and indentation properties of immature radicular dentin treated with antibiotic medicaments followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Authors: Yassen Ghaeth H. , Al-Angari Sarah S. , Platt Jeffrey A.
Published: October 2014

Objective: The objective was to investigate the effect of intracanal antibiotic medicaments followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the indentation properties and hardness of radicular dentin using a BioDent reference point indenter and a traditional microhardness technique, respectively. Materials and Methods: Specimens with intact root canal dentin surfaces and polished radicular dentin specimens were obtained from immature human premolars. Each type of specimen was randomly assigned (n = 10 per group) and treated with either double antibiotic paste (DAP) for 4-week followed by EDTA for 5 min, triple antibiotic paste (TAP) for 4-week followed by EDTA for 5 min, EDTA for 5 min or Hank's balanced salt solution (control). The BioDent reference point indentor and Vickers microhardness tester were used to measure the indentation properties of root canal surfaces and the hardness of polished dentin specimens, respectively. One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's protected least significant differences were used for statistical analyses. Results: Both types of radicular dentin treated with antibiotic pastes and/or EDTA had a significant increase in the majority of indentation properties and a significant reduction in hardness compared to the untreated dentin. Furthermore, treatment of dentin with antibiotic pastes and EDTA caused significant increases in indentation properties and a significant reduction in hardness compared to EDTA-treated dentin. However, the RPI technique was not able to significantly differentiate between DAP + EDTA and TAP + EDTA-treated dentin. Conclusion: Dentin treated with antibiotic medicaments followed by EDTA had a significant increase the indentation properties and significantly reduction in hardness of radicular dentin.
The effect of surface roughness on ceramics used in dentistry: A review of literature
Authors: Rashid Haroon
Published: October 2014

Long term clinical success of modern dental ceramics depends on a number of factors. These factors include the physical properties of the material, the laboratory fabrication process, the laboratory fabrication technique and clinical procedures that may damage these brittle materials. The surface structure and composition of a dental restorative material influences the initial bacterial adhesion, and a rough material surface will accumulate more plaque. Biomaterials for the restoration of oral function are prone to biofilm formation, affecting oral health. An up to date online database search was performed using the keywords “bacterial biofilm,” “ceramic strength,” “dental ceramics” and “surface roughness.” The searches were performed on Medline/PubMed, and Scopus and the cross references were further searched in the databases to verify further studies. The relevant papers included original articles, systemic reviews, case reports and letters to the editor. All the papers were reviewed, and the most relevant studies were selected for referencing by the author. The aim of this paper is to highlight the influence of rougher surfaces on the ceramic strength and plaque accumulation leading to bacterial biofilm formation.
Propensity Score Method for Partially Matched Omics Studies
Authors: Kuan Pei-Fen
Published: October 2014

This paper focuses on the problem of partially matched samples in the presence of confounders. We propose using propensity score matching to adjust for confounding factors for the subset of data with incomplete pairs, followed by integrating the P-values computed from the complete and incomplete paired samples, respectively. Several simulations and a case study on DNA methylation are considered to evaluate the operating characteristics of the proposed method.
Non-tangential Maximal Function Characterizations of Hardy Spaces Associated with Degenerate Elliptic Operators
Authors: Zhang Junqiang , Cao Jun , Jiang Renjin , Yang Dachun
Published: October 2014

Let w be either in the Muckenhoupt class of A2(ℝn) weights or in the class of QC(ℝn) weights, and let be the degenerate elliptic operator on the Euclidean space ℝn, n ≥ 2. In this article, the authors establish the non-tangential maximal function characterization of the Hardy space associated with , and when with , the authors prove that the associated Riesz transform is bounded from to the weighted classical Hardy space .
Random orderings and unique ergodicity of automorphism groups
Authors: Angel Omer , Kechris Alexander S. , Lyons Russell
Published: October 2014

We show that the only random orderings of finite graphs that are invariant under isomorphism and induced subgraph are the uniform random orderings. We show how this implies the unique ergodicity of the automorphism group of the random graph. We give similar theorems for other structures, including, for example, metric spaces. These give the first examples of uniquely ergodic groups, other than compact groups and extremely amenable groups, after Glasner andWeiss’s example of the group of all permutations of the integers. We also contrast these results to those for certain special classes of graphs and metric spaces in which such random orderings can be found that are not uniform.
Strongly elliptic linear operators without coercive quadratic forms. I. Constant coefficient operators and forms
Authors: Verchota Gregory C.
Published: October 2014

A family of linear homogeneous 4th order elliptic differential operators

L

with real constant coefficients, and bounded nonsmooth convex domains

\Omega

are constructed in

\mathbb{R}^6

so that the

L

have no constant coefficient coercive integro-differential quadratic forms over the Sobolev spaces

W^{2,2}(\Omega)

.
An important mechanism sustaining the atmospheric "water tower" over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xu X. , Zhao T. , Lu C. , Guo Y. , Chen B. , Liu R. , Li Y. , Shi X.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), referred to as the "roof of the world", is also known as the "world water tower" because it contains a large amount of water resources and ceaselessly transports these waters to its surrounding areas. However, it is not clear how these waters are being supplied and replenished. In particular, how plausible hydrological cycles can be realized between tropical oceans and the TP. In order to explore the mechanism sustaining the atmospheric "water tower" over the TP, the relationship of a "heat source column" over the plateau and moist flows in the Asian summer monsoon circulation is investigated. Here we show that the plateau's thermal structure leads to dynamic processes with an integration of two couplings of lower convergence zones and upper divergences, respectively, over the plateau's southern slopes and main platform, which relay moist air in two ladders up to the plateau. Similarly to the CISK (conditional instability of the second kind) mechanism of tropical cyclones, the elevated warm–moist air, in turn, forces convective weather systems, hence building a water cycle over the plateau. An integration of mechanical and thermal TP forcing is revealed in relation to the Asian summer monsoon circulation knitting a close tie of vapor transport from tropical oceans to the atmospheric "water tower" over the TP.
Natural or anthropogenic? On the origin of atmospheric sulfate deposition in the Andes of southeastern Ecuador
Authors: Makowski Giannoni S. , Rollenbeck R. , Trachte K. , Bendix J.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Atmospheric sulfur deposition above certain limits can represent a threat to tropical forests, causing nutrient imbalances and mobilizing toxic elements that impact biodiversity and forest productivity. Atmospheric sources of sulfur deposited by precipitation have been roughly identified in only a few lowland tropical forests. Even scarcer are studies of this type in tropical mountain forests, many of them mega-diversity hotspots and especially vulnerable to acidic deposition. In these places, the topographic complexity and related streamflow conditions affect the origin, type, and intensity of deposition. Furthermore, in regions with a variety of natural and anthropogenic sulfur sources, like active volcanoes and biomass burning, no source emission data has been used for determining the contribution of each source to the deposition. The main goal of the current study is to evaluate sulfate (SO4- deposition by rain and occult precipitation at two topographic locations in a tropical mountain forest of southern Ecuador, and to trace back the deposition to possible emission sources applying back-trajectory modeling. To link upwind natural (volcanic) and anthropogenic (urban/industrial and biomass-burning) sulfur emissions and observed sulfate deposition, we employed state-of-the-art inventory and satellite data, including volcanic passive degassing as well. We conclude that biomass-burning sources generally dominate sulfate deposition at the evaluated sites. Minor sulfate transport occurs during the shifting of the predominant winds to the north and west. Occult precipitation sulfate deposition and likely rain sulfate deposition are mainly linked to biomass-burning emissions from the Amazon lowlands. Volcanic and anthropogenic emissions from the north and west contribute to occult precipitation sulfate deposition at the mountain crest Cerro del Consuelo meteorological station and to rain-deposited sulfate at the upriver mountain pass El Tiro meteorological station.
Radiative forcing and climate metrics for ozone precursor emissions: the impact of multi-model averaging
Authors: MacIntosh C. R. , Shine K. P. , Collins W. J.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Multi-model ensembles are frequently used to assess understanding of the response of ozone and methane lifetime to changes in emissions of ozone precursors such as NOx, VOC and CO. When these ozone changes are used to calculate radiative forcing (RF) (and climate metrics such as the global warming potential (GWP) and global temperature potential (GTP)) there is a methodological choice, determined partly by the available computing resources, as to whether the mean ozone (and methane lifetime) changes are input to the radiation code, or whether each model's ozone and methane changes are used as input, with the average RF computed from the individual model RFs. We use data from the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Source-Receptor global chemical transport model ensemble to assess the impact of this choice for emission changes in 4 regions (East Asia, Europe, North America and South Asia). We conclude that using the multi-model mean ozone and methane responses is accurate for calculating the mean RF, with differences up to 0.6% for CO, 0.7% for VOC and 2% for NOx. Differences of up to 60% for NOx 7% for VOC and 3% for CO are introduced into the 20 year GWP as a result of the exponential decay terms, with similar values for the 20 years GTP. However, estimates of the SD calculated from the ensemble-mean input fields (where the SD at each point on the model grid is added to or subtracted from the mean field) are almost always substantially larger in RF, GWP and GTP metrics than the true SD, and can be larger than the model range for short-lived ozone RF, and for the 20 and 100 year GWP and 100 year GTP. We find that the effect is generally most marked for the case of NOx emissions, where the net effect is a smaller residual of terms of opposing signs. For example, the SD for the 20 year GWP is two to three times larger using the ensemble-mean fields than using the individual models to calculate the RF. Hence, while the average of multi-model fields are appropriate for calculating mean RF, GWP and GTP, they are not a reliable method for calculating the uncertainty in these fields, and in general overestimate the uncertainty.
Measurements of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using PTR-MS: calibration, humidity dependence, inter-comparison and results from field studies in an oil and gas production region
Authors: Li R. , Warneke C. , Graus M. , Field R. , Geiger F. , Veres P. R. , Soltis J. , Li S.-M. , Murphy S. M. , Sweeney C. , Pétron G. , Roberts J. M. , de Gouw J.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Natural gas production is associated with emissions of several trace gases, some of them classified as air toxics. While volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have received much attention, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can also be of concern due to the known health impacts of exposure to this hazardous air pollutant. Here, we present quantitative, fast time-response measurements of H2S using proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometry (PTR-MS) instruments. An ultra-light-weight PTR-MS (ULW-PTR-MS) in a mobile laboratory was operated for measurements of VOCs and H2S in a gas and oil field during the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study (UBWOS) 2012 campaign. Measurements of VOCs and H2S by a PTR-MS were also made at the Horse Pool ground site in the Uintah Basin during UBWOS 2013. The H2S measurement by PTR-MS is strongly humidity dependent because the proton affinity of H2S is only slightly higher than that of water. The H2S sensitivity of PTR-MS ranged between 0.6–1.4 ncps ppbv−1 during UBWOS 2013. We compare the humidity dependence determined in the laboratory with in-field calibrations and determine the H2S mixing ratios for the mobile and ground measurements. The PTR-MS measurements at Horse Pool are evaluated by comparison with simultaneous H2S measurements using a PTR time-of-flight MS (PTR-ToF-MS) and a Picarro cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) instrument for H2S / CH4. On average 0.6 ± 0.3 ppbv H2S was present at Horse Pool during UBWOS 2013. The correlation between H2S and methane enhancements suggests that the source of H2S is associated with oil and gas extraction in the basin. Significant H2S mixing ratios of up to 9 ppmv downwind of storage tanks were observed during the mobile measurements. This study suggests that H2S emissions associated with oil and gas production can lead to short-term high levels close to point sources, and elevated background levels away from those sources. In addition, our work has demonstrated that PTR-MS can make reliable measurements of H2S at levels below 1 ppbv.
Carbon isotope (δ13C) excursions suggest times of major methane release during the last 14 ka in Fram Strait, the deep-water gateway to the Arctic
Authors: Consolaro C. , Rasmussen T. L. , Panieri G. , Mienert J. , Bünz S. , Sztybor K.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. We present results from a sediment core collected from a pockmark field on the Vestnesa Ridge (∼80° N) in the eastern Fram Strait. This is the only deep-water gateway to the Arctic, and one of the northernmost marine gas hydrate provinces in the world. Eight 14C AMS dating reveals a detailed chronology for the last 14 ka BP. The δ13C record measured on the benthic foraminiferal species Cassidulina neoteretis shows two distinct intervals with negative values, as low as −4.37‰ in the Bølling–Allerød interstadials and as low as −3.41‰ in the early Holocene. After cleaning procedure designed to remove all authigenic carbonate coatings on benthic foraminiferal tests, the 13C values are still negative (as low as −2.75‰). We have interpreted these negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) to record past methane release events, resulting from the incorporation of 13C-depleted carbon from methane emissions into the benthic foraminiferal shells. The CIEs during the Bølling–Allerød interstadials and the early Holocene relate to periods of ocean warming, sea level rise and increased concentrations of methane (CH4) in the atmosphere. CIEs with similar timing have been reported from other areas in the North Atlantic suggesting a regional event. The trigger mechanisms for such regional events remain to be determined. We speculate that sea-level rise and seabed loading due to high sediment supply in combination with increased seismic activity as a result of rapid deglaciation may have triggered the escape of significant amounts of methane to the seafloor and the water column above.
Assessing optimal set of implemented physical parameterization schemes in a multi-physics land surface model using genetic algorithm
Authors: Hong S. , Yu X. , Park S. K. , Choi Y.-S. , Myoung B.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Optimization of land surface models has been challenging due to the model complexity and uncertainty. In this study, we performed scheme-based model optimizations by designing a framework for coupling "the micro-genetic algorithm" (micro-GA) and "the Noah land surface model with multiple physics options" (Noah-MP). Micro-GA controls the scheme selections among eight different land surface parameterization categories, each containing 2–4 schemes, in Noah-MP in order to extract the optimal scheme combination that achieves the best skill score. This coupling framework was successfully applied to the optimizations of evapotranspiration and runoff simulations in terms of surface water balance over the Han River basin in Korea, showing outstanding speeds in searching for the optimal scheme combination. Taking advantage of the natural selection mechanism in micro-GA, we explored the model sensitivity to scheme selections and the scheme interrelationship during the micro-GA evolution process. This information is helpful for better understanding physical parameterizations and hence it is expected to be effectively used for further optimizations with uncertain parameters in a specific set of schemes.
Modification of the flora composition in edges of fragmented Austrocedrus chilensis forests in Patagonia
Authors: Carabelli F. A. , Orellana I. A. , Jaramillo M. M. , Gómez M. F.
Published: October 2014

In the Patagonian Andes of Argentina, Austrocedrus chilensis is one of the native tree species most affected by forest fragmentation, resulting in remnants stands surrounded by grasslands. We studied vegetation in the edges of stands of dense A. chilensis adjoining areas that were cut 10 years earlier, with special reference to A. chilensis regeneration, diversity, abundance and specific species distribution. We found that the original composition of the vegetation had been strongly modified, there was a high proportion of exotic herbaceous species in the edge. Diversity and abundance of woody species was superior in the core forest (p = 0.0289 and p = 0.0149), and so was the richness of native species (p = 0.0053) and regeneration of A. chilensis (p = 0.0408). On the other hand the abundance of herbaceous species was greater in the edge (p = 0.0197). During the first years of the succession, the forest in the edge area tends to retract.
Germination capacity and temperature dependence in Mediterranean species of the Balearic Islands
Authors: Galmés J. , Medrano H. , Flexas J.
Published: October 2014

To test the germination capacity and its temperature dependence in Mediterranean plants, sixteen species representative of a diversity of habitats of the Balearic Islands were selected. The percentage of germination, the half-response time and the dormancy period of these species were studied at three alternating temperatures: 5-15ºC, 10-20ºC and 15-25ºC. Large differences were found among species in all three parameters studied. The influences of the temperature incubation in germination behaviour depended strongly on species, although the optimum temperature range to reach maximum germination was found to be 10-20ºC for most species. Although part of the endemic flora of the Balearic Islands currently has a limited and regressive distribution, no clear pattern was observed when comparing endemic and non-endemic species. In fact, some of the endemics presented unfavourable characters, particularly a relatively high temperature independence of their germination pattern.
Assessment of post fire vegetation cover using spectral mixture analysis. Application and comparison of different endmember characterization methods
Authors: Escuin S. , Navarro Cerrillo R. M. , Fernández P.
Published: October 2014

The analysis of satellite images allows one to monitor the regeneration of vegetation after a fire. In this work, a methodology for quantifying post fire vegetation cover was developed. The proposed methodology is based on the examination of Landsat 7 ETM+ images by using Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) and involves the following steps: a) pre-processing, b) inherent dimensionality image determination c) endmember characterization following two methods that thus lead to different models: traditional method based on the knowledge of the area worked as well as Minimum Noise Fraction and Pixel Purity Index method, d) model inversion and combination, e) comparison between the vegetation cover estimated by each model and that measured in field, and f) selection of the most accurate model and mapping of the vegetation cover for the study area. The cover estimated provided by the different models exhibited a high correlation (Spearman’s correlation coefficient >0.89). The average absolute difference between the estimated and field-measured vegetation cover obtained with the most accurate model for each fire never exceeded 6%.
Changes on landscape heterogeneity and spatial patterning of native forests in Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Carabelli F. , Scoz R. , Claverie H. , Jaramillo M. , Gómez M.
Published: October 2014

Native forests in Patagonia have been influenced by human activities since the beginning of the past century. Nevertheless, the availability of aerial photographs to conduct analysis of changes at a landscape level due to anthropic factors is generally restricted to the last decades. Therefore this study was aimed to detect changes of the forest landscape heterogeneity during the last thirty years in the northwest region of Chubut, the middle-located Patagonian province, and to study spatial patterning of forest landscapes. For the first goal, we focused on a 2,000 ha landscape unit with prevailing Austrocedrus chilensis forests. In 466 ha covered by these forests, 41% of this area was negatively affected by forest fires, timber logging followed by livestock grazing and substitution with pine plantations. In contrast, growth of young Austrocedrus forests was verified in 9% of the forest area. Spatial patterns were studied on an area of 10,000 ha showing a high heterogeneity of the distinctive landscape configurations.
Influence of land use on ectomycorrhizal inoculum potential and competitivity of Tuber melanosporum ectomycorrhizas: assessment through greenhouse biassays
Authors: Reyna S. , García Barreda S. , Folch L.
Published: October 2014

Black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vitt) is an agro-forest resource with great development potentiality in Mediterranean calcareous mountains. In this study, we analyse the ectomycorrhizal inoculum potential of the soil and the competitiveness of Tuber melanosporum ectomycorrhizas to this inoculum in the different land uses present in a truffle-producing region with the aim of assessing their suitability for establishing truffle orchards. Soil samples collected from forests, croplands and wastelands in El Toro (Valencian Region, eastern Spain) were used to perform four greenhouse bioassays. Forest soils showed the highest ectomycorrhizal inoculum potential and produced the highest contamination levels in the mycorrhized seedlings; they were thus considered the least suitable for new truffle plantations. Greenhouse bioassays are found to be a useful methodology for studying the target variables as long as care is taken to both prevent nursery contamination and adjust the culture to the plant species.
Galleries produced by Platypus mutatus Chapuis in Populus deltoides cv. Catfish-2 according to stem size and to diameter, height and exposition of the attacked stem section
Authors: Marquina J. , Marlats R. , Núñez Cresto M.
Published: October 2014

The objective of this work was to study the distribution of galleries of Platypus mutatus Chapuis according to plant size, height and diameter of the stem sections, and to the exposure of the attacked stem section, in trees from plantations of P. deltoides cv. Catfish-2. Trees from plantations heavily attacked by the insect were felled. All galleries produced by the insect were recorded and classified as active or inactive. Height on the stem, and diameter of the section at the gallery entrance were measured. Exposure of each gallery on the stem was also determined. The percentage of active galleries in relation to total galleries were not proportional to the size of the attacked stem section. The minimum diameters of the attacked sections were 11,5 and 12 cm. Height on the stem was not related to attack susceptibility, and the location of the highest gallery was dependent on plant size of attacked tree. Multiplicative, S-Curve and Exponential mathematical models relating stem sections with the number of galleries present from section to the tree top were satisfactorily fit. The entrance holes to the galleries were unevenly distributed around the stem circunference. Higher numbers of galleries were started from Northern and Eastern exposures.
Radial growth of the main tree species in the Cortegada island (Parque Nacional de las Islas Atlánticas) as a consequence of history and climate
Authors: Lamas S. , Rozas V.
Published: October 2014

Radial growth patterns of Quercus robur L., Quercus pyrenaicaWilld., Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus pinea L. y Laurus nobilis L., the dominant tree species in the Cortegada island, Parque Nacional de la Islas Atlánticas de Galicia, were studied. The main objective was to determine the repercussion that land-use changes that occurred during the last century in the island, had on tree growth. The influence of the climatic variables mean monthly temperature and monthly precipitation on high frequency radial growth variation was also studied. The results show that the chronologies derived from all studied species reflect the succession of events that happened in the island in the XX century, with a gradual tree establishment along the first half of the century, a progressive canopy closure and the recent apparition of canopy gaps due to disturbances. The correlations between the climatic parameters and the year-to-year growth variations also reveal a higher tolerance of Q. pyrenaica and P. pinea to water shortage in spring and summer.
Effects of site, clone and age on growth and wood quality of short rotation willow
Authors: Monteoliva S. , Marlats R. M.
Published: October 2014

The aim of the work was to asses the effects of site, clone and age on current annual increment, fibre length and wood density of 5 willow clones (S. babylonica var sacramenta «american»; hybrids of S. babylonica x S. alba «A 250-33» y «A 131-25» y S. matsudana x S. alba «A 13-44» y «NZ 26992»). Sites chosen were: Delta Medio (DM) del Río Paraná, Entre Ríos and Continental (C) Buenos Aires, Argentina. 13 years old trees were sampled and measurements of total height, diameter, growth rings, fibre length, wood density taken at 3 positions (ages) in each sample. Basal areas of current annual increments and weighted length and density were calculated. It was found that clone × site × age interaction was significant. The annual increments were found to be dependent on the site, the clone and the age under analysis. Weighted fibre length and wood density were found to be good estimates of wood quality, so the maximum fibre and density value depends both on clone growth patterns, implantation site and age. For American willow and hybrid 26992 of DM, the production of wood quality attained a maximum at 7 years old.
Regeneration dynamics of Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii in its shouthern distribution area: stages, processes and implied factors
Authors: Tíscar Oliver P. A.
Published: October 2014

This paper analyses whether the natural regeneration of Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii is seed or microsite limited, studying the spatial and temporal regeneration dynamics of a pine forest located in Sierra of Cazorla (Southeast Spain). For three years, pineseed density on the ground, and emergence, and survival of seedlings were measured. Pineseed and seedling density varied from 877 seeds/m2 and 651 seedlings/m2 in 2000 to zero during the two following years. None of the monitored seedlings had survived by the end of the study. Data were used to estimate transition probabilities between the stages of a model of plant life cycle. The model included the effects of different biotic and abiotic factors on the recruitment output. It was concluded that Pinus nigra regeneration is not seed limited, although pineseed production varied greatly interannually. On the other hand, seedling survival depended mainly on abiotic factors. The success of Pinus nigra natural regeneration in Sierra of Cazorla is basically affected by the spatio-temporal variability of abiotic factors and, particulary, by the summer drought.
Réflexion D'un Entraidant Sur L'entraide Dans Les Groupes D'entraide En Santé Mentale Au Québec
Authors: Goulet Serge
Published: October 2014

Je considère que j'ai un droit de parole privilégié sur l'entraide dans les groupes d'entraide en santé mentale parce que je suis titulaire d'un équivalent de «diplôme universitaire» du centre hospitalier de Valleyfield, département psychiatrique où je fus psychiatrisé. C'est aussi parce que c'est l'entraide qui m'a sorti de la torpeur et de la résignation où j'étais plongé depuis mon séjour en psychiatrie. Il faut aussi savoir que je suis fatigué de me faire dire comment faire et quoi dire sur le vécu psychiatrique par des personnes qui n'y sont jamais allées. Certaines réflexions du Regroupement des Ressources Alternatives en Santé Mentale du Québec (RRASMQ) sur les groupes d'entraide seront aussi présentées.
Touch Choices: Women, Abusive Partners, and the Ecology of Decision-Making
Authors: Rothery Michael , Tutty Leslie , Weaver Gillian
Published: October 2014

In a qualitative study, 35 women who had lived with violent partners were interviewed regarding their experience making decisions about their relationships to their abusers. This paper explores their storie. The integrating the common themes with reports from other studies. The insights of the women participating in this and other research support an ecological understanding of the tough choices they face—a framework which respects the role of environmental factors (demands and resources) in helping or constraining choices at the same time as it recognizes the importance of powerful mediating factors (beliefs, values, and a sense of personal efficacy).
Standards for Batterer Intervention Programs in Canada: A History and Review
Authors: Dankwort Juergen , Austin Juliet
Published: October 2014

This article reports on the growing trend of setting standards for intervention with batterers. All existing Canadian standards for batterer intervention programs (BIPs) are examined, including a discussion on how they came into effect and any controversy associated with their development. A brief background of the battering intervention field and the growth of BIP standards in North America is provided. followed by a description of the types and content of Canadian standards. Compliance with standards were mandatory in two regions and voluntary in three others. Two more regions had standards in a draft stage of development. Elements of standards typically included directives on: general program goals: the protocol and procedures programs should follow, including counselling format: and program staff ethics and qualifications. The article concludes with a discussion of the findings and suggestions for improving standards.
La Contribution Des Caractéristiques Individuelles Aux Apprentissages Des Enfants Du Primaire Participant à Un Atelier De Prévention Des Abus
Authors: Dumont Héléne , Hébert Martine , Lavoie Francine
Published: October 2014

La présente étude s'intércsse è l'influence des caractéristiques personnelles dans l'acquisition des connaissances et des habiletés chest les élèves participant è un programme visant è prévenir les abus commis envers les enfant, soit le programme ESPACE. L'étude a été réalisée auprès d'enfanis (n = 107) de quatrième année. Ils ont complété des mesures de connaissances et d'habiletés préventives et des mesures évaluant les caractéristiques individuelles soit le concept de soi, la perception de contrôle et le sentiment d'efficacité personnelle. Les résultats soulignent l'importance de certaines variables, notamment le genre, le sentiment d'efficacité personnelle et la perception de la compétence athlétique dans l'acquisition de certaines habiletés préventives.
From Housing to Homes: A Review of the Literature on Housing Approaches for Psychiatric Consumer/Survivors
Authors: Parkinson Shannon , Nelson Geoffrey , Horgan Salinda
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we review the literature on housing for psychiatric consumer/survivors since the publication of the Nelson and Smith Fowler (1987) review more than a decade ago. First, we review research and propose a definition to contrast key features of three approaches to housing: (a) custodial, (b) supportive, and (c) supported. Second, we examine studies of the relationships between the characteristics of housing and adaptational outcomes for residents (e.g., personal empowerment). Third, we review studies which have examined out-comes for residents for these three different housing approaches. We conclude by critically reflecting on the values and research of the different approaches to housing, to make recommendations for future policy and planning, practice, and research.
Using Popular Education Groups: Can We Develop A Health Promotions Strategy for Psychiatric Consumers/Survivors?
Authors: Caragata Lea
Published: October 2014

It is widely acknowledged that health derives from a myriad of factors including economics, education, housing, and social support (Sidell et al., 1997). In short, health care, although dominat in North America, represents only one approach to health. The paper suggests utilizing the theory of Paulo Frire (1971) concerning adult and popular education to support the empowerment of psychiatric consumers/survivors with regard to their health. The paper theorizes that, as psychiatric consumers are supported to ‘own’ their health through a process of mutual aid, they will be more able to become partners in managing not only their psychiatric illness but their health. The paper argues that it is incumbent upon traditional mental health services as well as community innovators to undertake these facilitate roles. More generally, the paper suggests that a health promotions/health determinants approach can be efficacious in improving the health of other high-risk/highuse health care groups, and that we must direct concerted efforts to reduce the marginalization experienced by so many of our citizens.
L'Utilisation Efficace Des Médias De Masse Dans Des Programmes De Prévention Et De Promotion De La Santé Mentale
Authors: Devault Annie
Published: October 2014

Cet article recense les programmes de prévention et de promotion de la santé mentale ayant utilisé avec succès les médias électroniques comme mode de diffusion. Dans le cadre de ce type de programme, les médias peuvent être utilisés dans des rôles de promoteur, d'éducateur, de complément ou de soutien. Les programmes recensés sont d'abord décrits selon de rôle assigné aux médias. Puis, on analyse la relation entre les résultats de l'évaluation d'impact et la fonction attribuée aux médias. Les résultats de cet examen démontrent que lorsque les médias représentent le seul mode de diffusion du programme (i.e. dans un rôle de promoteur), ils sont efficaces pour inciter des individus è fréquenter des groupes d'entraide ou des services communautaires. Ils peuvent également augmenter le niveau de connaissances de la population cible et favoriser un changement d'attitude (i.e. dans un rôle éducatif). Toutefois, lorsque le programme vise è modifier des comportements précis, l'utilisation exclusive des médias a des impacts limités. Les changements de comportement ont davantage de chances de se produire lorsqu'ils sont combinés avec d'autres types d'intervention qui impliquent des contacts directs de la population visée avec d'autres individus poursuivant les mêmes buts (i.e. dans un rôle de complément). La discussion fait ressortir les conditions optimales d'utilisation des médias de masse dans le domaine de la santé mentale.
Les Cuisines Collectives: Une Voie Vers La Promotion De La Santé Mentale
Authors: Racine Sonia , St-Onge Myreeille
Published: October 2014

Les cuisines collectives représentent une pratique sociale et communautaire relativement jeune au Québec. Bien connues dans le domaine de l'aide alimentaire aujourd'hui, les cuisines collectives depassent largement le soutien alimentaire par leurs effets sur les conditions de vie et le développement personnel des personnes qui s'y engagent. Cette recherche qualitative tente d'éclairer les différentes retombées des cuisines collectives sur les participantes et les participants dans une optique de promotion de la santé mentale, et de dégager les facteurs en fonction desquels celles-ci émergent. Trois types de facteurs sont relevés, c'est-è-dire ceux reliés è la dynamique interne de chacun des groupes de cuisine collective, les facteurs personnels et ceux reliés è l'utilisation d'autres services et è l'engagement social des participantes et des participants.
Doing Better with “Bad Kids”: Explaining the Policy-Research Gap with Conduct Disorder in Canada
Authors: Waddell Charlotte , Lomas Jonathan , Offord Dan , Giacomini Mita
Published: October 2014

Conduct disorder (severe and persistent antisocial behaviour in children and youth) is an important community mental health problem in Canada and has been the focus of considerable recent public policy debate. Good research evidence is available on effective (and ineffective) interventions for conduct disorder. Paradoxically, however, relatively little of the research evidence is incorporated into policy decision-making. There is a policy-research gap. An example (Hamilton, Ontario) is used to illustrate this gap. The gap is then explained using a framework for health policy analysis that incorporates values, institutional structures, and information. Values and institutional structures greatly outweigh research evidence in influencing current Canadian policy-making for the problem of conduct disorder. Possibilities for improving the situation are suggested. The youth who sprang his girlfriend from Arrell Youth (secure custody) Centre has a record many career criminals would envy. Unfortunately for society, he just turned 15 and has discovered an interest in illegal handguns. “This is a one-kid crime wave,” said a Hamilton-Wentworth police officer who spoke on condition of anonymity. “He's not like other child criminals—not even close. He's a bad kid.” That kid is in police custody today (Herron, 1995).
The House of Bethel and Consumer-Run Businesses: An Innovative Approach to Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Authors: Kimura Mariko , Mukaiyachi Ikuyoshi , Ito Eriko
Published: October 2014

This article reports on a psychosocial rehabilitation approach which is used by Bethel House in Urakawa, a town in the Hidaka district of northern Japan. This approach is unique in that its primary focus is community development, as opposed to therapeutic work. By starting its own businesses, the Bethel community has: (a) created many employment opportunities for people with mental illness and for members of the larger community; (b) brought about important changes in the attitudes of members of the community, and the hospital staff, towards the mentally ill; (c) improved the relationships among members of Bethel and the Urakawa community; and (d) significantly enhanced the town economy. Bethel success clearly illustrates a broader potential for creative approaches to psychosocial rehabilitation and community development.
Current and Preferred Housing of Psychiatric Consumers/Survivors
Authors: Nelson Geoffrey , Hall G. Brent , Forchuk Cheryl
Published: October 2014

As part of a participatory action research project, we surveyed 300 psychiatric consumers/survivors from southwestern Ontario regarding their housing preferences and housing satisfaction. We found that, while 79% of the sample preferred independent living, 76% were living in some other type of setting (e.g., temporary shelter, supportive housing, sheltered care). Those living in temporary shelters reported the lowest levels of housing satisfaction, and those who were living in the type of housing that they preferred had the highest levels of housing satisfaction. This information is being used by stakeholder groups involved in the project to help build the capacity of the community to provide the types of housing that are preferred by consumers/survivors.
Investigating Issues Surrounding Depression in Adolescent Girls Across Ontario: A Participatory Action Research Project
Authors: Ross Erin , Ali Alisha , Toner Brenda
Published: October 2014

This study gathered data from adolescent girls in four regions (Ottawa, North Bay, Toronto, Windsor) concerning key issues in the prevention of depression in young women. Using a participatory methodology, a team of young women worked with researchers to design and conduct focus groups with 48 adolescent girls across Ontario. Major themes emerging from the focus group data fell into five categories: (a) symptoms, (b) contributing factors, (c) alleviating depression, (d) prevention, and (e) barriers to receiving help. These findings should be considered when designing programs targeting depression in young women in order to maximize the accessibility and effectiveness of such initiatives.
A Process and Outcome Evaluation of a Shelter for Homeless Young Women
Authors: Dostaler Theresa , Nelson Geoffrey
Published: October 2014

To evaluate the processes and outcomes of a short-term shelter, both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered via participant observation, focus group interviews with shelter staff and residents, and individual interviews with a sample of 40 young women who had been homeless prior to using the shelter. The process evaluation showed that the shelter staff strived to utilize an empowerment philosophy in their relationships with residents, but that there were many challenges to implementing this philosophy. The outcome evaluation showed that, at a 3-month follow-up, the participants reported significant improvements in housing, income, independence, and life satisfaction, but most continued to experience poverty and a number of other difficulties. The results were discussed in terms of the implications for future research and the value and limitations of shelters for dealing with homeless youth. The need for more sustained and comprehensive program interventions and supportive social policies was underscored.
Substance Use Among Persons with Serious Mental Illness in Eastern Ontario
Authors: Gerber Gary J. , Krupa Terry , Eastabrook Shirley , Gargaro Judith
Published: October 2014

One hundred and eighty persons with serious mental illness (SMI) in eastern Ontario, receiving services from assertive community treatment teams in Brockville and Kingston were interviewed about substance use. Data were compared to survey findings for the Ontario population. Tobacco use was higher among both men and women in the SMI sample, but use of alcohol and drugs in the past 12 months was lower than population data. The frequency of alcohol use was significantly greater than drug use among the SMI sample.
Transforming Schools of Social Work into Spaces of Social Action: A Critical Exploration of Project Interaction, the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Two-Spirit Initiative of McGill University's School of Social Work
Authors: Chervin Michael , Brotman Shari , Ryan Bill , Mullin Heather
Published: October 2014

This article examines the question of how universities can be encouraged to address the mental health concerns of GLBT-SQ people and communities from a perspective of solidarity. In so doing, the authors take a case study approach, using Project Interaction: The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Two-Spirit Initiative of McGill University's School of Social Work, to critically reflect upon the challenges arising from the development of an alternative organization within academia. The purpose of this reflection is to highlight how normal operations at work on university campuses, and within health and allied health curriculum, can be disrupted with the goal of providing momentum for the creation of affirmative space, the advancement of educational initiatives, and the building of opportunities for social change.
Mental Health Reform, Economic Globalization and the Practice of Citizenship
Authors: Morrow Marina
Published: October 2014

Drawing on research conducted in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec it is argued that tension exists between mental health reforms born out of concern for the well-being and care of people and those that are being driven by cost-containment and efficiency. Contributing to this tension are competing discourses about mental health and mental illness. It is argued that progressive change requires the meaningful engagement of mental health care recipients in policy decision-making processes and ongoing analysis about the interconnections between economic globalization, social welfare state restructuring and mental health reform.