bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reprogramming barriers in bovine cells nuclear transfer revealed by single‐cell RNA‐seq analysis
Authors: Zhao Lixia , Long Chunshen , Zhao Gaoping , Su Jie , Ren Jie , Sun Wei , Wang Zixin , Zhang Jia , Liu Moning , Hao Chunxia , Li Hanshuang , Cao Guifang , Bao Siqin , Zuo Yongchun , Li Xihe
Published: August 2022

Many progresses have recently been achieved in animal somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). However, embryos derived from SCNT rarely result in live births. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) can be used to investigate the development details of SCNT embryos. Here, bovine fibroblasts and three factors bovine iPSCs (3F biPSCs) were used as donors for bovine nuclear transfer, and the single blastomere transcriptome was analysed by scRNA‐seq. Compared to in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos, SCNT embryos exhibited many defects. Abnormally expressed genes were found at each stage of embryos, which enriched in metabolism, and epigenetic modification. The DEGs of the adjacent stage in SCNT embryos did not follow the temporal expression pattern similar to that of IVF embryos. Particularly, SCNT 8‐cell stage embryos showed failures in some gene activation, including ZSCAN4, and defects in protein association networks which cored as POLR2K, GRO1, and ANKRD1. Some important signalling pathways also showed incomplete activation at SCNT zygote to morula stage. Interestingly, 3F biPSCNT embryos exhibited more dysregulated genes than SCNT embryos at zygote and 2‐cell stage, including genes in KDM family. Pseudotime analysis of 3F biPSCNT embryos showed the different developmental fate from SCNT and IVF embryos. These findings suggested partial reprogrammed 3F biPS cells as donors for bovine nuclear transfer hindered the reprogramming of nuclear transfer embryos. Our studies revealed the abnormal gene expression and pathway activation of SCNT embryos, which could increase our understanding of the development of SCNT embryos and give hints to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer.
Mechanistic evidence and exercise interventions: Causal claims, extrapolation, and implementation
Authors: Levack‐Payne William
Published: August 2022

Rationale

Exercise interventions and policies are widely prescribed in both sport and healthcare. Research investigating exercise interventions and policies is generally conducted using an Evidence‐Based framework, placing an emphasis on evidence gathered from randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Aims and objectives

To explore the idea that, in addition to the assessment of evidence from RCTs when investigating exercise interventions, mechanistic studies ought to also be assessed and considered.

Methods

This article assesses the rationale supporting the use of RCTs as evidence for exercise interventions, and the use of evidence of mechanisms in establishing efficacy, determining external validity, and tailoring interventions.

Results and conclusions

The article argues that evidence from mechanistic studies ought to be considered alongside evidence from RCTs because: as RCTs investigating exercise interventions tend to be of low quality, mechanistic studies ought to be used to reinforce the evidence base; further, evidence from mechanistic studies is highly useful for both questions of extrapolation and implementation. This article argues for this on theoretical grounds, and also draws on a number of case studies.
Extraction of natural pigments from red sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) husk by ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction: A comparative study through response surface analysis
Authors: Shukla Sonali , Lohani Umesh C. , Shahi Navin Chandra , Dubey Ashutosh
Published: August 2022

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as the phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds in sorghum grain are concentrated in its hull; however, its hull is usually being discarded as a waste. In this study, ultrasonication power intensity (916, 1018, and 1120 W/cm2), sonication time (20, 25, and 30 min), and particle size (100, 300 and 500 μm) for ultrasound assisted extraction and, microwave power (50, 60 and 70 W), microwave time (90, 105, and 120 s), and particle size (100, 300, and 500 μm) for microwave assisted extraction were investigated and optimized using Box–Behnken design. For ultrasound assisted extraction, optimized condition was found as 1078 W/cm2 power intensity, 23.6 min sonication time and 100 μm particle size, and corresponding values of responses were 8.55 mg LE/g dw total anthocyanin content, 779.0 mg GAE/g dw total phenolic content, 172.0 mg CE/g dw total flavonoid content, 70.0 and 73.4% antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively and 11.1 redness (a*). For microwave assisted extraction, optimized condition was found as 63 W power, 101 s time and 100 μm particle size, and the responses were 10.5 mg LE/g dw total anthocyanin content, 606.0 mg GAE/g dw total phenolic content, 195.0 mg CE/g dw total flavonoid content, 79.5 and 82.2% antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively and 13.6 redness (a*). For validation of model at optimum conditions, predicted values were insignificantly (p > .05) differ than actual values for all the responses for both ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction.

Practical Applications

Sorghum consists of a rare class of natural pigments (3‐deoxyanthocyanidins) in its husk. These natural pigments have antioxidant, anti‐proliferative activity, and thus, can be utilized as natural food colorant in food industry. Extraction and isolation of these natural pigments from sorghum husk are prerequisites for their application in food industry. In order to obtain an efficient extraction of sorghum anthocyanins, resulting in minimal degradation and high antioxidant capacity, the choice of the extraction method is important. This research provides information about standardization of novel extraction techniques (ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction) for effective utilization of sorghum husk for extraction of natural pigments, which can be utilized for application in various food products.
Modified laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension for treatment of apical prolapse: A feasibility study
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Xiaomin , Xu Jingui
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of modified laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension (LHUS) in women with apical prolapse who require uterine preservation.

Methods

This retrospective feasibility study analyzed the demographic characteristics, procedure, and 3‐year follow‐up data of 23 women who underwent modified LHUS at our institution. Outcome measures included clinical and anatomical cure. Patient satisfaction was measured by the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I). The improvement on quality of life was evaluated by pelvic floor distress inventory‐short form 20 (PFDI‐20).

Results

The operation time was 50 ± 17 min, the blood loss was 100 ml (50–300 ml), and the postoperative hospital stay was 3.5 days (3–6 days). At a median follow‐up time of 4.3 years (3–6 years), the clinical cure rate was 91.6% and the anatomical cure rate was 87.0%. The values of Aa, Ba, C, and D points were significantly higher than those observed before operation (p < 0.05). According to PGI‐I, 20 patients were satisfied, and the overall subjective satisfaction rate was 87%. The scores of PFDI‐20 after operation were significantly lower than those recorded before operation (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Modified LHUS has the advantages of short operation time, fast postoperative recovery, low 3‐year recurrence rate, and high patient satisfaction in women with apical prolapse who require uterine preservation, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Relationship between tongue pressure and handgrip strength: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arakawa‐Kaneko Itsuka , Watarai Yuko , Schimmel Martin , Abou‐Ayash Samir
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Muscle strength decreases with age, causing a decline in physical and oro‐facial function. However, the impact of physiological and pathophysiological factors on tongue pressure (TP) has not been clarified. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to compare and analyse TP and handgrip strength (HGS) between individuals aged <60 and ≥60 years, gender and need for care (independent older adults (IC) and older adults receiving nursing care (NC)). Furthermore, the effect of HGS in physical function on TP was examined.

Methods

Human clinical studies reporting HGS and TP were searched systematically using PubMed and Ichushi‐Web published from 1969 to Nov 2021. Random‐effects meta‐regressions were performed to compare between subgroups and to examine the association between HGS and TP (α < .05).

Results

Forty‐four studies with a total of 10 343 subjects were included. TP and HGS values were significantly higher in people aged <60 years relative to ≥60 years and in IC relative to NC (all p < .001). Regarding gender, there was no significant difference in TP (p = .370). However, a significant gender‐dependent difference in TP was observed in people aged <60 years (p < .001), but not in aged ≥60 years in IC group (p = .118) and aged ≥60 years in NC group (p = .895). There was a significant positive correlation of HGS and TP (p < .001).

Conclusions

Similar to decrease in HGS, age‐related sarcopaenia seems to have an effect on oro‐facial muscles like the tongue. Research on rehabilitation measures for oro‐facial muscle strength, similar to HGS might be beneficial to improve the personally acquired oro‐facial potential.
Language in the process of labour market rationalisation: A sociohistorical approach across twentieth‐century Spain
Authors: Alarcón Amado Alarcón , Muiños Villaverde Maria Jesús , Serrano Alonso Maria de los Ángeles , Heyman Josiah
Published: August 2022

This article analyses the role of linguistic skills in the process of defining professional classifications in Spain during 1919–1980. The aim is to determine the social evaluation of the skills involved. To retrace the classifications, a total of 114 official documents were examined, establishing a chronological division into three major stages: 1920–1940, 1940–1960 and 1960–1980. The first period (1920–1940) shows efforts toward the initial objectification of working conditions and salary scales, revealing social prejudices and tacit conventions shaping the employment hierarchy, while the second one (1940–1960) indicates the extent to which office work stood out over manual work. Finally, the third stage (1960–1980) shows processes of language rationalisation, which entailed attempts to standardise positions based on required skill sets.
Fishing for fish environmental DNA: Ecological applications, methodological considerations, surveying designs, and ways forward
Authors: Yao Meng , Zhang Shan , Lu Qi , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhang Si‐Yu , Kong Yueqiao , Zhao Jindong
Published: August 2022

Vast global declines of freshwater and marine fish diversity and population abundance pose serious threats to both ecosystem sustainability and human livelihoods. Environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based biomonitoring provides robust, efficient, and cost‐effective assessment of species occurrences and population trends in diverse aquatic environments. Thus, it holds great potential for improving conventional surveillance frameworks to facilitate fish conservation and fisheries management. However, the many technical considerations and rapid developments underway in the eDNA arena can overwhelm researchers and practitioners new to the field. Here, we systematically analysed 416 fish eDNA studies to summarize research trends in terms of investigated targets, research aims, and study systems, and reviewed the applications, rationales, methodological considerations, and limitations of eDNA methods with an emphasis on fish and fisheries research. We highlighted how eDNA technology may advance our knowledge of fish behaviour, species distributions, population genetics, community structures, and ecological interactions. We also synthesized the current knowledge of several important methodological concerns, including the qualitative and quantitative power eDNA has to recover fish biodiversity and abundance, and the spatial and temporal representations of eDNA with respect to its sources. To facilitate ecological applications implementing fish eDNA techniques, recent literature was summarized to generate guidelines for effective sampling in lentic, lotic, and marine habitats. Finally, we identified current gaps and limitations, and pointed out newly emerging research avenues for fish eDNA. As methodological optimization and standardization improve, eDNA technology should revolutionize fish monitoring and promote biodiversity conservation and fisheries management that transcends geographic and temporal boundaries.
TypeIIachalasia with focal elevated pressures: A distinct manometric and clinicalsub‐group
Authors: Low Eric E. , Fehmi Syed Abbas , Hasan Aws , Chang Michael , Kwong Wilson , Krinsky Mary L. , Anand Gobind , Greytak Madeline , Kaizer Alexander , Carlson Dustin A. , Pandolfino John E. , Yadlapati Rena
Published: August 2022

Background

Type II achalasia (Ach2) is distinguished from other achalasia sub‐types by the presence of panesophageal pressurization (PEP) of ≥30 mmHg in ≥20% swallows on high‐resolution manometry (HRM). Variable manometric features in Ach2 have been observed, characterized by focal elevated pressures (FEPs) (focal/segmental pressures ≥70 mmHg within the PEP band) and/or high compression pressures (PEP ≥70 mmHg). This study aimed to examine clinical and physiologic variables among sub‐groups of Ach2.

Methods

This retrospective single center study performed over 3 years (1/2019–1/2022) included adults with Ach2 on HRM who underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP), and/or barium esophagram (BE) prior to therapy. Patients were categorized into two overarching sub‐groups: Ach2 without FEPs and Ach2 with FEPs. Demographic, clinical, and physiologic data were compared between these sub‐groups utilizing unpaired univariate analyses.

Key Results

Of 53 patients with Ach2, 40 (75%) were without FEPs and 13 (25%) had FEPs. Compared with the Ach2 sub‐group without FEPs, the Ach2 sub‐group with FEPs demonstrated a significantly thickened distal esophageal circular muscle on EUS (1.4 mm [SD 0.9] vs. 2.1 [0.7];p = 0.02), higher prevalence of tertiary contractions on BE (46% vs. 100%;p = 0.0006), lower esophagogastric junction distensibility index (2.2mm2/mmHg [0.9] vs 0.9 [0.4];p = 0.0008) as well as higher distensive pressure (31.0 mmHg [9.8] vs. 55.4 [18.8];p = 0.01) at 60 cc fill on FLIP, and higher prevalence of chest pain on Eckardt score (p = 0.03).

Conclusions and Inferences

We identified a distinct sub‐group of type II achalasia on HRM, defined as type II achalasia with focal elevated pressures. This sub‐group uniquely exhibits spastic features and may benefit from personalized treatment approaches.
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: Clinical features, ancillary testing, and patient management
Authors: Gray Laurel , Olson Jared , Brintz Ben J. , Cipriano Sarah D.
Published: August 2022

Background/Objectives

The utility of ancillary testing in improving diagnostic precision or improving patient outcomes in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is unclear. Similarly, an optimal antibiotic regimen has yet to be established. Our goal was to describe clinical characteristics and ancillary work‐up of SSSS, report bacterial resistance patterns, and examine patient outcomes under varying therapeutic strategies with the aim of developing an evidence‐based management algorithm.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of pediatric patients diagnosed with SSSS at Intermountain Healthcare facilities between 2010 and 2021. A Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test was used to assess median length of stay between different antibiotic regimens.

Results

Eighty‐five cases were identified. The most common ancillary tests obtained were a complete blood count (88%), followed by chemistry analysis (80%). Blood cultures were collected in more patients (79%) compared to aerobic cultures (60%). No blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus. All S. aureus isolates were methicillin‐sensitive. Of those found resistant to clindamycin (36%), all demonstrated macrolide‐induced clindamycin resistance. None were constitutively resistant to clindamycin. There was no statistical difference between antibiotic regimen and length of stay (p = .691). Receiving opiate medications was the only risk factor associated with prolonged hospitalization (p = .001).

Conclusions

Ancillary testing does not improve diagnostic precision and can be reduced. Clindamycin does not improve patient outcomes, suggesting beta‐lactams should be considered first line. Susceptibility patterns in our cohort demonstrate inducible clindamycin resistance as opposed to constitutive.
A new educational tool for neuropsychological test raters in the dementia field: A Delphi study
Authors: Kuratsubo Izumi , Nagata Risako , Murotani Kenta , Ito Kengo , Washimi Yukihiko
Published: August 2022

Background

Neuropsychological testing is the primary endpoint of clinical research in the field of dementia, making it essential for the rater to accurately calculate test data for an extensive assessment. However, many raters lack adequate skill to complete neuropsychological tests with sufficient confidence. Therefore, we developed and examined the utility of a checklist and a manual as tools for educating raters on their basic behaviours when conducting comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations in the field of dementia.

Methods

We conducted a seven‐step comprehensive study to develop rater training tools and examine their usefulness between April 2019 and February 2021 involving: 1. Development of a draft checklist, 2. Delphi review rounds, 3. Design of the final checklist, 4. Item weighting, 5. Examination of reliability, 6. Creating the manual, and 7. Examination of the usefulness of learning through rater educational tools (checklist and manual).

Results

The Delphi review round led to a highly reliable and valid checklist and manual. The total checklist score improved significantly (t = 2.37, P = 0.029) before and after manual learning. We found that the appropriate basic behaviours required by the rater to conduct neuropsychological testing skilfully within the dementia field could be acquired with this tool.

Conclusions

Using a robust development process, we integrated expert knowledge and experience, and developed a checklist and a manual for learning the basic behaviours of neuropsychological test raters in the field of dementia. Establishing standards of basic behaviour for neuropsychological raters will help promote dementia research and advances in medicine.
Another line of defence
Authors: Steinfort Daniel P. , Johnson Douglas F.
Published: August 2022

See related article
Nurse practitioner models of care in aged care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Peters Micah D.J. , Marnie Casey
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to identify current and potential use of nurse practitioner models of care in aged care and to examine factors that have been linked to their failure or success in terms of establishment, sustainability, and expansion.

Introduction:

Nurse practitioners work across a variety of sectors, including aged care. Nurse practitioner models of care have been found to be safe, effective, and highly regarded by clients and patients across many areas. They have particular benefit in areas where access to physicians is challenging, as well as for vulnerable populations. This review will provide a consolidated evidence base to determine the current state of the evidence on nurse practitioner models of care in the aged care sector.

Inclusion criteria:

The review will consider studies on nurse practitioner models of care within aged care that report barriers/challenges and facilitators/success factors to their establishment, sustainability, and expansion. Evidence from all countries will be examined. Published and gray literature primary studies in English produced from 2010 onward will be eligible for inclusion. Expert opinion, including literature reviews, commentaries, and discussion, papers will be ineligible.

Methods:

This review will utilize the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Emcare, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Figurative, tabular, and accompanying narrative synthesis will be used to present the results, in line with the review questions.
Developing a definition of biofortification through the synthesis of food biofortification publications: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kellogg Julianne A. , Klarquist Emily F. , Waziri Aichatou D. , Luftig David , Carbonero Franck , Solverson Patrick , Perrigue Martine , Aytekin Destan , Walton Jenny , Garland-Campbell Kim , Murphy Kevin M.
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to develop a definition of biofortification through the synthesis of food biofortification publications and to document the breadth of the research on this topic.

Introduction:

Biofortification of a food source is a human health intervention. Due to the varying definitions of this concept, biofortification can be difficult to describe. Originally, biofortification was defined as the use of plant breeding methods to produce staple foods dense in minerals and vitamins. Research using the term focused on mineral, vitamin, and protein improvement of staple foods. However, the field has expanded to include non-staple foods as well as different methodological approaches to biofortification (eg, transgenic, molecular breeding). Researchers require a broad overview of the evidence and consensus on a definition to ensure effective communication within this scientific community.

Inclusion criteria:

Inclusion criteria will be broad to ensure that existing definitions of biofortification are captured across the different areas of study in this field. The review will consider research published in English. Inclusion will not be limited by participant type, date of publication, or context. The concept will be strictly biofortification.

Methods:

A broad search strategy will be utilized for AGRICOLA, AGRIS, Web of Science, PubAg, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Google Scholar, and Washington State University Libraries’ integrated catalog. A limited search for gray literature will be conducted. The data extracted will include study and author characteristics. Tables and figures will demonstrate the breadth of the evidence.
Effectiveness of home visit nursing for improving patient-related clinical outcomes in older people: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Eltaybani Sameh , Kawase Kiyomi , Kato Risako , Inagaki Asa , Shinohara Masumi , Yamamoto-Mitani Noriko
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to synthesize systematic reviews on the effectiveness of home visit nursing for improving patient-related outcomes in older people.

Introduction:

Home care for older people covers a wide range of services and is provided by an array of health professionals. Reviews on the effectiveness of home care services differ in definition and scope, and the unique contribution of home visit nursing services for older people has not been clearly identified.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider systematic reviews of quantitative studies assessing the effectiveness of home visit nursing for older people. Home visit nursing will include the provision of preventive, promotive, curative, or rehabilitative services in the home. This will be compared with usual care, alternative therapeutic interventions, or no intervention. The outcomes of interest are hospitalization, institutionalization, mortality, patient satisfaction, and quality of life. Systematic reviews with and without meta-analyses will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:

This review will follow the JBI methodology. MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Epistemonikos, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PROSPERO, and Grey Literature Report will be searched. The authors will hand-search reference lists of the included reviews. There will be no restrictions on the publication date or country of origin of the review. Only systematic reviews with full text published in English will be considered. Screening of articles, assessment of methodological quality, and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. Quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Data will be summarized in a narrative format with supporting tables.

Scoping review registration:

Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/3fexj)
Thermal Performance Optimization of the Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits Employing the Integrated Chip-Size Double-Layer or Multi-Layer Microchannels
Authors: Lu Sainan , Vafai Kambiz
Published: August 2022

The chip-size integrated double-layer microchannels (DLMCs) and multilayer microchannels (MLMCs) are investigated to optimize the thermal performance of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs). The chip-size integrated DLMCs without a heat spreader and a heat sink reduce the hotspot temperature by almost 15 K for a nominal 3D IC structure. Meanwhile, the size is significantly smaller than the copper heat sinks, and the weight of the chip-size integrated DLMC is reduced by 99.9%. Furthermore, two chip-size integrated DLMCs lower the hotspot temperature by another 6.77 K compared with utilizing just one integrated DLMC on top of the chip structure. The results also show that the MLMCs have a great effect on reducing the hotspot temperature. We have established that the optimal layout is four layers. The hotspot temperature is reduced by 21 K and 102 times lighter in weight compared to nominal 3D IC structure. The proposed structure and results presented in this study pave the way for major innovations in resolving the thermal issues for the 3D ICs.
Evaluation of Multivalent Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
Vaccine Candidate MecVax Antigen Dose-Dependent Effect in a Murine Model
Authors: Seo Hyesuk , Duan Qiangde , Upadhyay Ipshita , Zhang Weiping
Published: August 2022

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) is a leading cause of children’s diarrhea and the most common cause of travelers’ diarrhea. ETEC infections are responsible for >200 million diarrhea clinical cases and near 100,000 deaths annually.
Selective Polyprotein Processing Determines Norovirus Sensitivity to Trim7
Authors: Sullender Meagan E. , Pierce Linley R. , Annaswamy Srinivas Mridula , Crockett Stacey L. , Dunlap Bria F. , Rodgers Rachel , Schriefer Lawrence A. , Kennedy Elizabeth A. , Stewart Brittany M. , Doench John G. , Baldridge Megan T. , Orchard Robert C.
Published: August 2022

To maximize a limited genetic capacity, viruses encode polyproteins that can be subsequently separated into individual components by viral proteases. While classically viewed as a means of economy, recent findings have indicated that polyprotein processing can spatially and temporally coordinate the distinct phases of the viral life cycle.
The New SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Their Epidemiological Impact in Mexico
Authors: García-López Rodrigo , Laresgoiti-Servitje Estibalitz , Lemus-Martin Roselyn , Sanchez-Flores Alejandro , Sanders-Velez Carlos
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus started its deadly journey into a global pandemic in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, where it was first isolated. Subsequently, multiple variants of the virus have been identified worldwide.
Evidence for a Widespread Third System for Bacterial Polysaccharide Export across the Outer Membrane Comprising a Composite OPX/β-Barrel Translocon
Authors: Schwabe Johannes , Pérez-Burgos María , Herfurth Marco , Glatter Timo , Søgaard-Andersen Lotte
Published: August 2022

Bacteria secrete a wide variety of polysaccharides that have critical functions in, e.g., fitness, surface colonization, and biofilm formation and in beneficial and pathogenic human-, animal-, and plant-microbe interactions. In Gram-negative bacteria, export of these chemically diverse polysaccharides across the outer membrane depends on two known translocons, i.e., an outer membrane OPX protein in Wzx/Wzy- and ABC transporter-dependent pathways and an outer membrane 16- to 18-stranded β-barrel protein in synthase-dependent pathways. Here, using a combination of experiments in
Myxococcus xanthus
, phylogenomics, and computational structural biology, we provide evidence supporting that a third type of translocon can export polysaccharides across the outer membrane.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Entry Glycoproteins Form Complexes before and during Membrane Fusion
Authors: Pataki Zemplen , Rebolledo Viveros Andrea , Heldwein Ekaterina E.
Published: August 2022

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects the majority of humans for life and can cause diseases ranging from painful sores to deadly brain inflammation. No vaccines or curative treatments currently exist.
Genome Sequences of Anelloviruses, Genomovirus, and Papillomavirus Isolated from Nasal Pharyngeal Swabs
Authors: Collins Courtney L. , Kraberger Simona , Fontenele Rafaela S. , Faleye Temitope O. C. , Adams Deborah , Adhikari Sangeet , Sandrolini Helen , Finnerty Sarah , Halden Rolf U. , Scotch Matthew , Varsani Arvind
Published: August 2022

The genome sequences of three anelloviruses (genus
Alphatorquevirus
), a genomovirus (genus
Gemykolovirus
), and an unclassified papillomavirus were identified in four human nasopharyngeal swabs, and one was positive for influenza A and one for influenza B virus. The influenza B virus-positive sample had a coinfection with an anellovirus and a papillomavirus.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. Strain R1, Isolated from Water Canal Sediments, Possessing Antimicrobial and Plant Growth Promoting Capabilities
Authors: Ashraf Neelma , Anwar Munir Ahmad , Akhtar Kalsoom , Yasmin Sumera , Khaliq Shazia
Published: August 2022

We present the genome sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. strain R1, isolated from water canal sediments and possessing genes responsible for antimicrobial metabolites and plant growth promotion. The genome assembly contains 7,936,694 bp with 72.24% of guanine-cytosine content. This genome will provide basic knowledge of the genes and pathways involved in the above mechanisms.
Antibiotics Drive Expansion of Rare Pathogens in a Chronic Infection Microbiome Model
Authors: Varga John J. , Zhao Conan Y. , Davis Jacob D. , Hao Yiqi , Farrell Jennifer M. , Gurney James R. , Voit Eberhard , Brown Sam P.
Published: August 2022

We develop and clinically benchmark an experimental model of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infection microbiome to investigate the impacts of antibiotic exposures on chronic, polymicrobial infections. We show that a single experimental model defined by metacommunity data can partially recapitulate the diversity of individual microbiome states observed across a population of people with CF.
Growth Substrate and Prophage Induction Collectively Influence Metabolite and Lipid Profiles in a Marine Bacterium
Authors: Basso Jonelle T. R. , Jones Katarina A. , Jacobs Kaylee R. , Christopher Courtney J. , Fielland Haley B. , Campagna Shawn R. , Buchan Alison
Published: August 2022

Community-level metabolomics approaches are increasingly used to characterize natural microbial populations. These approaches typically depend upon temporal snapshots from which the status and function of communities are often inferred.
High Nucleotide Substitution Rates Associated with Retrotransposon Proliferation Drive Dynamic Secretome Evolution in Smut Pathogens
Authors: Depotter J. R. L. , Ökmen B. , Ebert M. K. , Beckers J. , Kruse J. , Thines M. , Doehlemann G.
Published: August 2022

Genomic alteration can be generated through various means, in which transposable elements (TEs) can play a pivotal role. Their mobility causes mutagenesis in itself and can disrupt the function of the sequences they insert into.
A Deep Learning Approach to Capture the Essence of Candida albicans Morphologies
Authors: Bettauer Van , Costa Anna Carolina Borges Pereira , Omran Raha Parvizi , Massahi Samira , Kirbizakis Eftyhios , Simpson Shawn , Dumeaux Vanessa , Law Chris , Whiteway Malcolm , Hallett Michael T.
Published: August 2022

The fungus
Candida albicans
can “shape shift” between 12 morphologies in response to environmental variables. The cytoprotective capacity provided by this polymorphism makes
C. albicans
a formidable pathogen to treat clinically.
Effects of Electroweak Radiative Corrections in Polarized Low-Energy Electron–Positron Annihilation into Lepton Pairs
Authors: Arbuzov A. , Bondarenko S. , Dydyshka Ya. , Kalinovskaya L. , Rumyantsev L. , Sadykov R. , Yermolchyk V. , Yermolchyk Yu.
Published: August 2022

Complete one-loop electroweak radiative corrections to the cross section of the process$${{e}^{ + }}{{e}^{ - }} \to {{\mu }^{ - }}{{\mu }^{ + }}({{\tau }^{ - }}{{\tau }^{ + }})$$are evaluated with the help of the SANC system. Higher-order contributions of the initial state radiation are computed in the QED structure function formalism. Numerical results are given for the center-of-mass energy range$$\sqrt s = 5$$, 7 GeV for various polarization degrees of the initial particles. This study is a contribution to the research program of the Super Charm-Tau Factory project being under development in Sarov, Russia.
Primary biliary cholangitis presenting with Fanconi syndrome: an important phenotype
Authors: Er Chaoxui , Dyson Jessica , Jones David , Sayer John
Published: August 2022

A woman in her 50s was referred to nephrology clinic due to progressive chronic kidney disease. She exhibited features of proximal renal tubulopathy, namely Fanconi syndrome, including normoglycaemic glycosuria, normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, and intermittent hypouricaemia and hypophosphataemia. Kidney biopsy showed tubulointerstitial inflammation and focal chronic damage. In addition, antimitochondrial antibodies were present and she had abnormal liver blood tests. A unifying diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis with an associated renal tubulopathy and interstitial nephritis was made. She was commenced on sodium bicarbonate, ursodeoxycholic acid and oral prednisolone, leading to an improvement in liver biochemistry. Kidney function was stabilised, but a sustained improvement was not seen. This case acts as a reminder of the rare association of tubulointerstitial nephritis and Fanconi syndrome with primary biliary cholangitis, which may be an under-recognised phenotype.
Prospective cohort study on the trajectory and association of perioperative anxiety and postoperative opioid-related outcomes
Authors: Nguyen Shay N , Hassett Afton L , Hu Hsou-Mei , Brummett Chad M , Bicket Mark C , Carlozzi Noelle E , Waljee Jennifer F
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Although perioperative anxiety is common, its trajectory and influence on postoperative pain and opioid use are not well understood. We sought to examine the association and trajectory of perioperative anxiety, pain and opioid use following common surgical procedures.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 1771 patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. Self-reported opioid use, pain (Brief Pain Inventory) and anxiety (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety) were recorded on the day of surgery and at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postsurgery. Clinically significant anxiety was defined as a PROMIS Anxiety T-score ≥55. We examined postoperative opioid use in the context of surgical site pain and anxiety using mixed-effects regression models adjusted for covariates, and examined anxiety as a mediator between pain and opioid use.

Results

In this cohort, 65% of participants completed all follow-ups and 30% reported clinically significant anxiety at baseline. Anxiety and surgical site pain were highest on the day of surgery (anxiety: mean=49.3, SD=9.0; pain: mean=4.3, SD=3.3) and declined in the follow-up period. Those with anxiety reported higher opioid use (OR=1.40; 95% CI 1.0, 1.9) and 1.14-point increase in patient-reported surgical pain (95% CI 1.0, 1.3) compared with those without anxiety. Anxiety had no significant mediation effect on the relationship of pain and opioid use.

Discussion

Anxiety is an independent risk factor for increased pain and opioid use after surgery. Future studies examining targeted behavioral therapies to reduce anxiety during the perioperative period may positively impact postoperative pain and opioid use.
The final model building for the supersymmetric Pati–Salam models from intersecting D6-branes
Authors: He Weikun , Li Tianjun , Sun Rui , Wu Lina
Published: August 2022

All the possible three-family $${\mathcal N}=1$$

N
=
1

supersymmetric Pati–Salam models constructed with intersecting D6-branes from Type IIA orientifolds on $$T^6/(\mathbb {Z}_2\times \mathbb {Z}_2)$$

T
6

/

(

Z
2

×

Z
2

)

are recently presented in arXiv:2112.09632. Taking models with largest wrapping number 5 and approximate gauge coupling unification at GUT scale as examples, we show string scale gauge coupling unification can be realized through two-loop renormalization group equation running by introducing seven pairs of vector-like particles from $${\mathcal N}=2$$

N
=
2

sector. The number of these introduced vector-like particles are fully determined by the brane intersection numbers while there are two D6-brane parallel to each other along one two-torus. We expect this will solve the gauge coupling unification problem in the generic intersecting brane worlds by introducing vector-like particles that naturally included in the $${\mathcal N}=2$$

N
=
2

sector.
Eigenvector-eigenvalue identities and an application to flavor physics
Authors: Chiu S. H. , Kuo T. K.
Published: August 2022

The eigenvector-eigenvalue identities areexpanded to include general mixing parameters. Some simple relations are obtained and they reveal an intricate texture of connections between the eigenvalues and the mixing parameters. Permutation symmetry ($$S_{3}\times S_{3}$$

S
3

×

S
3

) plays an indispensable role in our analysis. It is the guiding principle for the understanding of our results – all of them are tensor equations under permutation.
Activity Classification and Analysis During a Sports Training Session Using a Fuzzy Model
Authors: Huang Xianfeng , Li Hui , Zhou Hu , Krishnamoorthy Sujatha , Kadry Seifedine Nimer
Published: August 2022

Training has great significance and should be an integral part of the daily routines of all elite athletes. Training allows the body to gradually develop strength and endurance, increase skill levels, and build trust, motivation, and ambition. The risk factors in sports training sessions include fragile or low self-confidence, Breakdowns in self-assurance, and high expectations are considered an important factors. In this paper, Dynamic Activity Adaptive Physical Fuzzy Model (DAAPFM) is proposed to become better athletes and meet their mental challenges. Mel does time-frequency analysis, and they tend to experience anxiety about performance. Fuzzy wrapping optimization analysis is integrated with DAAPFM to build confidence in the belief in one’s ability to execute a task or win an event. The experimental results show that the data fusion approach can analyze the activities of athletes effectively. The simulation results give the average accuracy of the classification of sports activity 99.40% framework’s efficiency to gradually develop strength and endurance, increase skill levels, and build trust, motivation, and ambition.
Dual Subgraph-Based Graph Neural Network for Friendship Prediction in Location-Based Social Networks
Authors: Wei Xuemei , Liu Yezheng , Sun Jianshan , Jiang Yuanchun , Tang Qifeng , Yuan Kun
Published: August 2022

With the wide use of Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs), predicting user friendship from online social relations and offline trajectory data is of great value to improve the platform service quality and user satisfaction. Existing methods mainly focus on some hand-crafted features or graph embedding models based on the user-location bipartite graph, which cannot precisely capture the latent mobility similarity for the majority of users who have no explicit co-visit behaviors and also fail to balance the tradeoff between social features and mobility features for friendship prediction. In this regard, we propose a dual subgraph-based pairwise graph neural network (DSGNN) for friendship prediction in LBSNs, which extracts a pairwise social subgraph and a trajectory subgraph to model the social proximity and mobility similarity, respectively. Specifically, to overcome the co-visit data sparsity, we design an entropy-based random walk to construct a location graph that captures the high-level correlation between locations. Based on this, we characterize the pairwise mobility similarity from trajectory level instead of location level, which is modeled by a graph neural network (GNN) on a labeled trajectory subgraph composed of the two trajectories of the target user pair. Besides, we also utilize another GNN to extract social proximity based on social subgraph of the target user pair. Finally, we propose a gate layer to adaptively balance the fusion of the social and mobility features for friendship prediction. We conduct extensive experiments on the real-world datasets and demonstrate the superiority of our approach, which outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. In particular, the comparative experiments on the trajectory level mobility similarity further validate the effectiveness of the designed trajectory subgraph-based method, which can extract predictive mobility features.
Practitioner Perspectives on COVID-19’s Impact on Computer Science Education Among High Schools Serving Students from Lower and Higher Income Families
Authors: McGill Monica , Snow Eric , Vaval Luronne , DeLyser Leigh Ann , Wortel-London Stephanie , Thompson Angelica
Published: August 2022

Research Problem.
Computer science (CS)
education researchers conducting studies that target high school students have likely seen their studies impacted by COVID-19. Interpreting research findings impacted by COVID-19 presents unique challenges that will require a deeper understanding as to how the pandemic has affected underserved and underrepresented students studying or unable to study computing.

Research Question.
Our research question for this study was:
In what ways has the high school computer science educational ecosystem for students been impacted by COVID-19, particularly when comparing schools based on relative socioeconomic status of a majority of students?

Methodology.
We used an exploratory sequential mixed methods study to understand the types of impacts high school CS educators have seen in their practice over the past year using the
CAPE
theoretical dissaggregation framework to measure schools’
Capacity
to offer CS, student
Access
to CS education, student
Participation
in CS, and
Experiences
of students taking CS.

Data Collection Procedure.
We developed an instrument to collect qualitative data from open-ended questions, then collected data from CS high school educators (
n
= 21) and coded them across CAPE. We used the codes to create a quantitative instrument. We collected data from a wider set of CS high school educators (
n
= 185), analyzed the data, and considered how these findings shape research conducted over the last year.

Findings.
Overall, practitioner perspectives revealed that capacity for CS Funding, Policy & Curriculum in both types of schools grew during the pandemic, while the capacity to offer physical and human resources decreased. While access to extracurricular activities decreased, there was still a significant increase in the number of CS courses offered. Fewer girls took CS courses and attendance decreased. Student learning and engagement in CS courses were significantly impacted, while other noncognitive factors like interest in CS and relevance of technology saw increases.

Practitioner perspectives also indicated that schools serving students from lower-income families had (1) a greater decrease in the number of students who received information about CS/CTE pathways; (2) a greater decrease in the number of girls enrolled in CS classes; (3) a greater decrease in the number of students receiving college credit for dual-credit CS courses; (4) a greater decrease in student attendance; and (5) a greater decrease in the number of students interested in taking additional CS courses. On the flip-side, schools serving students from higher income families had significantly higher increases in the number of students interested in taking additional CS courses.
The Development of Color Perception and Cognition
Authors: Maule John , Skelton Alice E. , Franklin Anna
Published: August 2022

Color is a pervasive feature of our psychological experience, having a role in many aspects of human mind and behavior such as basic vision, scene perception, object recognition, aesthetics, and communication. Understanding how humans encode, perceive, talk about, and use color has been a major interdisciplinary effort. Here, we present the current state of knowledge on how color perception and cognition develop. We cover the development of various aspects of the psychological experience of color, ranging from low-level color vision to perceptual mechanisms such as color constancy to phenomena such as color naming and color preference. We also identify neurodiversity in the development of color perception and cognition and implications for clinical and educational contexts. We discuss the theoretical implications of the research for understanding mature color perception and cognition, for identifying the principles of perceptual and cognitive development, and for fostering a broader debate in the psychological sciences.
Determinants of Social Cognitive Aging: Predicting Resilience and Risk
Authors: Henry Julie D. , Grainger Sarah A. , von Hippel William
Published: August 2022

This review focuses on conceptual and empirical research on determinants of social cognitive aging. We present an integrated model [the social cognitive resource (SCoRe) framework] to organize the literature and describe how social cognitive resilience is determined jointly by capacity and motivational resources. We discuss how neurobiological aging, driven by genetic and environmental influences, is associated with broader sensory, neural, and physiological changes that are direct determinants of capacity as well as indirect determinants of motivation via their influence on expectation of loss versus reward and cognitive effort valuation. Research is reviewed that shows how contextual factors, such as relationship status, familiarity, and practice, are fundamental to understanding the availability of both types of resource. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of social cognitive change in late adulthood for everyday social functioning and with recommendations for future research.