bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Location of the epoxide function determines specificity of the allelic variants of human glutathione transferase Pi toward benzo[c]chrysene diol epoxide isomers
Authors: Pal Ajai , Desai Dhimant H. , Amin Shantu , Srivastava Sanjay K. , Hu Xun , Herzog Christian , Zimniak Piotr , Singh Shivendra V.
Published: July 2002

Carcinogenic activity of many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is mainly attributed to their respective diol epoxides, which can be classified as either bay or fjord region depending upon the location of the epoxide function. The Pi class human glutathione (GSH) transferase (hGSTP1‐1), which is polymorphic in humans with respect to amino acid residues in positions 104 (isoleucine or valine) and/or 113 (alanine or valine), plays an important role in the detoxification of PAH‐diol epoxides. Here, we report that the location of the epoxide function determines specificity of allelic variants of hGSTP1‐1 toward racemic anti‐diol epoxide isomers of benzo[c]chrysene (B[c]C). The catalytic efficiency (k
cat/K
m) of V104,A113 (VA) and V104,V113 (VV) variants of hGSTP1‐1 was approximately 2.3‐ and 1.7‐fold higher, respectively, than that of the I104,A113 (IA) isoform toward bay region isomer (±)‐anti‐B[c]C‐1,2‐diol‐3,4‐epoxide. On the other hand, the IA variant was approximately 1.6‐ and 3.5‐fold more efficient than VA and VV isoforms, respectively, in catalyzing the GSH conjugation of fjord region isomer (±)‐anti‐B[c]C‐9,10‐diol‐11,12‐epoxide. The results of the present study clearly indicate that the location of the epoxide function determines specificity of the allelic variants of hGSTP1‐1 in the GSH conjugation of activated diol epoxide isomers of B[c]C.
Increased α3‐fucosylation of α1‐acid glycoprotein in patients with congenital disorder of glycosylation type IA (CDG‐Ia)
Authors: Van Dijk Willem , Koeleman Carolien , Van het Hof Bert , Poland Dennis , Jakobs Cornelis , Jaeken Jaak
Published: July 2002

Increased fucosylation of the type (sialyl) Lewisx was detected on the acute‐phase plasma protein α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) in patients with the congenital disorder of glycosylation type IA. This is remarkable, because in these patients the biosynthesis of guanosine 5′‐diphosphate (GDP)‐D‐mannose is strongly decreased, and GDP‐D‐mannose is the direct precursor for GDP‐L‐fucose, the substrate for fucosyltransferases. The concomitantly occurring increased branching of the glycans of AGP and the increased fucosyltransferase activity in plasma suggest that a chronic hepatic inflammatory reaction has induced the increase in fucosylation.
Fibronectin is a binding partner for the myelin‐associated glycoprotein (siglec‐4a)
Authors: Strenge Karen , Brossmer Reinhard , Ihrig Petra , Schauer Roland , Kelm Sørge
Published: July 2002

The myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) mediates cell–cell interactions between myelinating glial cells and neurons. Here we describe the extracellular matrix glycoprotein fibronectin as a binding partner of MAG. It has been identified by affinity precipitation with MAG‐Fc from NG108‐15 cells and by microsequencing of two peptides derived from a 210‐kDa protein band. Western blot analysis showed that fibronectin is also present in MAG binding partners isolated from N2A (murine neuroblastoma) cells, rat brain and rat spinal cord. Different fibronectin isoforms have been isolated from brains of young and adult rats, indicating that the expression of MAG binding fibronectin changes during development.
Induction of bulk and c‐myc P2 promoter‐specific DNA damage by an anti‐topoisomerase II agent salvicine is an early event leading to apoptosis in HL‐60 cells
Authors: Meng Ling-hua , Ding Jian
Published: July 2002

Salvicine is a novel diterpenoid quinone derivative possessing strong antitumor activities and was demonstrated to stabilize the DNA topoisomerase II (Topo II) cleavage complex in vitro and in vivo. In the present work we investigated the possible mechanism through which disturbance of Topo II by salvicine led to cell death. We found that salvicine induced DNA strand breaks in human promyelocytic leukemia HL‐60 cells and DNA damage correlated with cell growth inhibition. DNA damage induced by brief exposure to salvicine could be partially reversed, but early DNA breaks triggered the process of apoptosis. Preferential damage in the P2 promoter region of the oncogene c‐myc was detected, whereas no obvious DNA damage was found in the 3′ region of the same gene. Furthermore, the expression of some protooncogenes such as c‐myc, c‐fos and c‐jun was examined, showing that salvicine produced a reduction in the transcription rate of c‐myc in a dose‐dependent manner and a marked induction of c‐fos and c‐jun expression was observed. It appears possible that DNA damage within such genomic regions is an early event, which could lead to growth inhibition mediated by alterations of the expression of selected proliferation regulatory genes, such as c‐myc, c‐fos and c‐jun, and ultimately cell death.
Role of cyclopentenone prostaglandins in rat carrageenin pleurisy
Authors: Ianaro Angela , Ialenti Armando , Maffia Pasquale , Pisano Barbara , Di Rosa Massimo
Published: July 2002

In this study, using rat carrageenin‐induced pleurisy, we found that treatment of rats with either indomethacin or NS‐398 suppressed the pleurisy at 2 h but significantly exacerbated this reaction at 48 h. Exacerbated inflammation was associated with reduced prostaglandin D2 levels, decreased heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) activation, reduced hsp72 expression and increased activation of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB). Replacement of cyclopentenone prostaglandins by treating rats with either prostaglandin J2 or prostaglandin D2 reversed the exacerbating effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors leading to the resolution of the reaction. In conclusion, we demonstrate that cyclopentenone prostaglandins may act as anti‐inflammatory mediators by inducing in inflammatory cells HSF1‐dependent hsp72 expression and NF‐κB inhibition, two crucial events for the remission of inflammation.
Increased expression of T‐plastin gene in cisplatin‐resistant human cancer cells: identification by mRNA differential display
Authors: Hisano Terumasa , Ono Mayumi , Nakayama Masaharu , Naito Seiji , Kuwano Michihiko , Wada Morimasa
Published: July 2002

The cellular resistance to the potent anticancer agent cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) is thought to be mediated by multiple mechanisms. The technique of differential display of mRNAs was applied to various cisplatin‐resistant cell lines and the corresponding parental sensitive human bladder, prostatic, and head and neck cancer cells in order to identify genes that underlie cisplatin resistance. Twenty‐four clones were confirmed by Northern blot analysis to be expressed differentially between resistant and the corresponding sensitive cells. Partial DNA sequences of the eight clones that showed a threefold or greater increase in expression in either the resistant cells (seven clones) or sensitive cells (one clone) revealed that two were derived from the T‐plastin gene and one from the tissue factor gene. The abundance of T‐plastin mRNA in cisplatin‐resistant T24/DDP10 cell was ∼12 times that in the parental T24 cells. Transfection of T24/DDP10 cells with a vector encoding full‐length T‐plastin antisense RNA demonstrated that reduced T‐plastin expression was associated with increased sensitivity to cisplatin. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that several mechanisms participate cooperatively in the acquisition of cisplatin resistance in human cancer.
Substrate activation behaviour of pyruvate decarboxylase from Pisum sativum cv. Miko
Authors: Dietrich Arndt , König Stephan
Published: July 2002

The substrate activation behaviour of pyruvate decarboxylase from germinating seeds of Pisum sativum is characterised kinetically via stopped‐flow measurements and discussed with respect to other species. The involvement of SH‐groups in this process is demonstrated by reference experiments with chemically modified enzyme.
Suppression of insulin‐stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase activity by the β3‐adrenoceptor agonist CL316243 in rat adipocytes
Authors: Ohsaka Yasuhito , Tokumitsu Yukiko , Nomura Yasuyuki
Published: July 2002

Insulin increased 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG) uptake via the translocation of glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 to the plasma membrane fraction in rat adipocytes. The stimulatory actions of insulin were accompanied by both an increase in the immunoreactive p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3‐kinase in the plasma membrane fractions and PI 3‐kinase activation by tyrosine phosphorylation of the p85 subunit. The β3‐adrenoceptor agonist CL316243 (CL) suppressed all the insulin actions in adenosine deaminase (ADA)‐treated cells, but was without effect in non‐ADA‐treated cells. The inhibitory effects of CL on GLUT 4 translocation and PI 3‐kinase activation were abolished by the addition of N6‐phenylisopropyl adenosine. Cholera toxin treatment, which markedly increased intracellular cAMP levels, suppressed increases in the levels of GLUT 4 and PI 3‐kinase in the plasma membrane fractions in response to insulin. In addition, dibutyryl (Bt2) cAMP also impaired the activation of PI 3‐kinase by insulin. These results indicated that CL suppressed insulin‐stimulated glucose transport under conditions where cAMP levels were markedly increased (∼12‐fold). The inhibitory actions of PI 3‐kinase activation by insulin were exerted even when cAMP, 8‐bromo‐cAMP, or Bt2 cAMP was added to immunoprecipitates of the p85 subunit of PI 3‐kinase, after treating the cells with insulin. These results suggest that CL suppressed insulin‐stimulated PI 3‐kinase activity via a cAMP‐dependent mechanism, at least in part, direct cAMP action in ADA‐treated adipocytes, by which PI 3‐kinase activation was inhibited, resulting in the decrease in GLUT 4 translocation and subsequent 2‐DG uptake in response to insulin.
Leptin receptor (OB‐R) oligomerizes with itself but not with its closely related cytokine signal transducer gp130
Authors: Nakashima Kinichi , Narazaki Masashi , Taga Tetsuya
Published: July 2002

© 1997 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
Molecular diversity of sphingolipid signalling
Authors: Meyer zu Heringdorf Dagmar , van Koppen Chris J , Jakobs Karl H
Published: July 2002

Sphingolipid breakdown products are now being recognized to play a dual role in cellular signalling, acting as intracellular as well as extracellular signalling molecules. Both types of action may even be found with one sphingolipid species. The recent demonstration of G protein‐coupled receptors with high affinity for sphingosine 1‐phosphate and sphingosylphosphorylcholine has been followed by the discovery of several novel sphingolipid actions, such as regulation of heart rate, oxidative burst, neurite retraction or platelet activation. Ligand profiles and concentration‐response relationships suggest the existence of putative sphingolipid receptor subtypes. Against this background, several observations on supposed sphingolipid second messenger actions deserve a new evaluation.
Differential involvement of caspases in apoptosis of myeloid leukemic cells induced by chemotherapy versus growth factor withdrawal
Authors: Barge Renee M.Y , Willemze Roel , Vandenabeele Peter , Fiers Walter , Beyaert Rudi
Published: July 2002

To assess the potential involvement of the caspase family in the IL‐3‐dependent murine myeloid leukemic cell line 32D, we studied the effect of bcl‐2, crmA and three synthetic caspase inhibitors on apoptosis induced by chemotherapy or IL‐3 withdrawal. Apoptosis induced by IL‐3 deprivation or by ActD appears to be mediated by a crmA‐insensitive pathway. Cell death by IL‐3 withdrawal is inhibited by the caspase‐inhibitor ZVAD‐fmk, but not DEVD‐fmk or YVAD‐cmk. In contrast, DEVD‐fmk as well as ZVAD‐fmk protect 32D cells from ActD‐induced apoptosis. These results indicate that different caspases are involved in apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal and by chemotherapy.
An inactive mutant of the α subunit of protein kinase CK2 that traps the regulatory CK2β subunit
Authors: Cosmelli Diego , Antonelli Marcelo , Allende Catherine C , Allende Jorge E
Published: July 2002

Protein kinase CK2 (casein kinase 2) is a ubiquitous Ser/Thr protein kinase involved in cell proliferation. Mutation of the α subunit of the Xenopus laevis CK2 to change aspartic acid 156 to alanine (CK2αA156) resulted in an inactive enzyme. The CK2αA156 mutant, however, binds the regulatory subunit as measured by retention of β on a nickel chelating column mediated by (His)6‐tagged CK2αA156. Addition of CK2αA156 also caused β to shift sedimentation in a sucrose gradient from a β
2 dimer (52 kDa) to an α
2
β
2 tetramer (130 000 kDa). CK2αA156 can trap the β subunit in an inactive complex reducing the stimulation of casein phosphorylation caused by addition of β to wild‐type α. This competitive effect depends on the ratio of α/αA156 and on the amount of β available. Since β inhibits the phosphorylation of calmodulin by CK2α, the addition of CK2αA156, in this case, increases calmodulin phosphorylation by the α and β combination. These results suggest that CK2αA156 may be a useful dominant‐negative mutant that can serve to explore the multiple functions of CK2β.
Measurement of gluconeogenesis and pyruvate recycling in the rat liver: a simple analysis of glucose and glutamate isotopomers during metabolism of [1,2,3‐13C3]propionate
Authors: Jones John G. , Naidoo Randy , Sherry A.Dean , Jeffrey F.M.H. , Cottam G.Larry , Malloy Craig R.
Published: July 2002

Simple equations that relate glucose and glutamate 13C‐NMR multiplet areas to gluconeogenesis and pyruvate recycling during metabolism of [1,2,3‐13C3]propionate are presented. In isolated rat livers, gluconeogenic flux was 1.2 times TCA cycle flux and about 40% of the oxaloacetate pool underwent recycling to pyruvate prior to formation of glucose. The 13C spectra of glucose collected from rats after gastric versus intravenous administration of [1,2,3‐13C3]propionate indicated that pyruvate recycling was slightly higher in vivo (49%) while glucose production was unchanged. This indicates that a direct measure of gluconeogenesis and pyruvate recycling may be obtained from a single 13C‐NMR spectrum of blood collected after oral administration of enriched propionate.
A novel compound, 1,1‐dimethyl‐5‐(1‐hydroxypropyl)‐4,6,7‐trimethylindan, is an effective inhibitor of the tet(K) gene‐encoded metal‐tetracycline/H+ antiporter of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hirata Takahiro , Wakatabe Rumi , Nielsen Joergen , Someya Yuichi , Fujihira Erika , Kimura Tomomi , Yamaguchi Akihito
Published: July 2002

A novel indan derivative, 1,1‐dimethyl‐5‐(1‐hydroxypropyl)‐4,6,7‐trimethylindan (Ro 07‐3149), was found to be a strong inhibitor of the tet(K) gene‐encoded tetracycline/H+ antiporter of Staphylococcus aureus. One micromole of this compound per mg membrane protein was enough for complete inhibition of the Tet(K)‐mediated tetracycline transport and tetracycline‐coupled proton transport, without the energy state of the membrane being affected. The mode of inhibition was non‐competitive. Although this compound caused membrane de‐energization at a high concentration, the IC50 value for de‐energization (7.3 μmol/mg membrane protein) was about 17 times and 33 times higher than the values for Tet(K)‐mediated proton/tetracycline antiport and [3H]tetracycline transport, respectively, indicating that the inhibitory action of Ro 07‐3149 is not due to the uncoupling effect of the inhibitor.
DNA‐hydrolyzing activity of the light chain of IgG antibodies from milk of healthy human mothers
Authors: Kanyshkova Tat'yana G , Semenov Dmitry V , Khlimankov Denis Yu , Buneva Valentina N , Nevinsky Georgy A
Published: July 2002

Various catalytically active antibodies or abzymes have been detected recently in the sera of patients with several autoimmune pathologies, where their presence is most probably associated with autoimmunization. Normal humans are generally considered to have no abzymes, since no obvious immunizing factors are present. Recently we have shown that IgG (its Fab and F(ab)2 fragments) from the milk of normal humans possesses DNase activity. Here we demonstrate for the first time that the light chain of IgG catalyzes the reaction of DNA hydrolysis. These findings speak in favor of the generation of abzymes in the tissue of healthy mothers, and since a mother's breast milk protects her infant from infections until the immune system is developed, they raise the possibility that these abzymes may contribute to this protective role.
Use of GPI‐anchored proteins to study biomolecular interactions by surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Harrison Patrick T , Campbell Ian W , Allen Janet M
Published: July 2002

Surface plasmon resonance is a powerful tool to examine the kinetics of cell surface receptor‐ligand interactions and requires only small amounts of protein. For these studies, one component is required in highly purified form to be coupled to the biosensor surface. The second component does not need to be purified. The human high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin G, FcγRI, presents a problem as the receptor itself cannot readily be produced in large amounts for purification and, as there are eight potential ligands for the receptor (human IgG1–4 and mouse IgG1, 2a, 2b and 3), it is difficult to immobilise the ligand. Using a previously established method for generating GPI‐anchored proteins, we have produced and captured a soluble version of FcγRI and shown that it retains its affinity for human IgG1 and specificity for the different IgG subclasses. In addition, we also produced and captured a GPI‐anchored version of the cell adhesion molecule CD2. This system circumvents the need for extensive receptor purification and is very rapid as solubilised receptors can be transferred from the cell surface to the sensor chip in 2 h. This system may be generally applicable for biosensor studies to other type I membrane proteins, and/or naturally occurring GPI‐anchored proteins, especially where the interaction between a ligand and a panel of variant receptors is to be studied.
Expression of SNARE proteins in enteroendocrine cell lines and functional role of tetanus toxin‐sensitive proteins in cholecystokinin release
Authors: Némoz-Gaillard Eric , Bosshard Arlette , Regazzi Romano , Bernard Christine , Cuber Jean-Claude , Takahashi Masami , Catsicas Stefan , Chayvialle Jean-Alain , Abello Jacques
Published: July 2002

In neurons, synaptic vesicle exocytosis involves the formation of a core complex particle including syntaxin‐1, synaptosomal‐associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP‐25) and vesicle‐associated membrane protein (VAMP)‐2/synaptobrevin. The expression of these proteins was investigated in a panel of cell lines, including lines of endocrine and intestinal origin, by Western blotting and/or immunocytochemistry. The three core complex proteins were detected in the enteroendocrine, cholecystokinin (CCK)‐secreting, cell lines STC‐1 and GLUTag, and in the endocrine non‐intestinal cell lines CA‐77 and HIT‐T15. In contrast, SNAP‐25 and syntaxin‐1 were undetected in the intestinal non‐endocrine cell lines IEC‐6, HT‐29 and Caco‐2, whereas a slight expression of VAMP‐2 was documented in IEC‐6 and HT‐29 cells. Co‐immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that syntaxin‐1, SNAP‐25 and VAMP‐2 were present in a complex similar to that identified in brain. In the STC‐1 cell line, treatment of streptolysin‐O‐permeabilized cells with tetanus toxin (Tetx) selectively cleaved VAMP‐2 and VAMP‐3/cellubrevin, and simultaneously abolished Ca2+‐induced CCK secretion (IC50∼12 nM). These results show that endocrine cell lines of intestinal origin express syntaxin‐1, SNAP‐25 and VAMP‐2, and suggest a key role for a Tetx‐sensitive protein (for example VAMP‐2 and/or VAMP‐3) in the CCK secretion by STC‐1 cells.
Vanadate fully stimulates insulin receptor substrate‐1 associated phosphatidyl inositol 3‐kinase activity in adipocytes from young and old rats
Authors: Molero Juan C , Martı́nez Carmen , Andrés Antonio , Satrústegui Jorgina , Carrascosa José M
Published: July 2002

Vanadate stimulates adipocyte 2‐deoxyglucose transport and GLUT‐4 translocation to the membrane through an insulin receptor‐independent but wortmannin‐inhibitable pathway. Vanadate stimulates PI 3‐kinase in anti‐IRS‐1 immunoprecipitates and the binding between IRS‐1 and the p85α subunit of PI 3‐kinase. In insulin‐resistant adipocytes from old rats vanadate fully stimulates IRS‐1‐associated PI 3‐kinase, but partially activates glucose uptake. We conclude that: (a) vanadate stimulates 2‐deoxyglucose uptake using a pathway that converges with that of insulin at the level of PI 3‐kinase; and (b) adipocytes from old rats are defective in the insulin pathway at steps located both upstream and downstream of PI 3‐kinase.
The visual cycle retinol dehydrogenase: possible involvement in the 9‐cis retinoic acid biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Driessen C.A.G.G , Winkens H.J , Kuhlmann E.D , Janssen A.P.M , van Vugt A.H.M , Deutman A.F , Janssen J.J.M
Published: July 2002

The 11‐cis‐retinol dehydrogenase (11‐cis‐RoDH) gene encodes the short‐chain alcohol dehydrogenase responsible for 11‐cis‐retinol oxidation in the visual cycle. The structure of the murine 11‐cis‐RoDH gene was used to reinvestigate its transcription pattern. An 11‐cis‐RoDH gene transcript was detected in several non‐ocular tissues. The question regarding the substrate specificity of the enzyme was therefore addressed. Recombinant 11‐cis‐RoDH was found capable of oxidizing and reducing 9‐cis‐, 11‐cis‐ and 13‐cis‐isomers of retinol and retinaldehyde, respectively. Dodecyl‐β‐1‐maltoside used to solubilize the enzyme was found to affect the substrate specificity. This is the first report on a visual cycle enzyme also present in non‐retinal ocular and non‐ocular tissues. A possible role in addition to its role in the visual cycle is being discussed.
Engineering of hypoallergenic mutants of the Brassica pollen allergen, Bra r 1, for immunotherapy
Authors: Okada Takashi , Swoboda Ines , Bhalla Prem L , Toriyama Kinya , Singh Mohan B
Published: July 2002

The Brassica pollen allergen Bra r 1 belongs to a new family of Ca2+‐binding proteins, characterized by the presence of two potential EF‐hand calcium‐binding domains. Disruption of these EF‐hand motifs by amino acid substitutions demonstrated that both domains of Bra r 1 constitute functional Ca2+‐binding sites. Calcium‐binding deficient mutants displayed significantly reduced IgE‐binding activity. Injection of these mutated Bra r 1 variants into a murine model system showed that mouse IgG raised against the mutants recognized native Bra r 1 in Brassica pollen extracts suggesting the potential use of the engineered allergens for effective immunotherapy.
Inhibition of glycosaminoglycan modification of perlecan domain I by site‐directed mutagenesis changes protease sensitivity and laminin‐1 binding activity
Authors: Sasaki Takako , Costell Mercedes , Mann Karlheinz , Timpl Rupert
Published: July 2002

Glycosaminoglycan attachment to perlecan domain I (173 residues) was completely prevented by site‐directed mutagenesis of Ser‐65, Ser‐71 and Ser‐76 as shown by recombinant production in mammalian cells. This did not interfere with the proper folding of the domain's SEA module but enhanced its sensitivity to neutral proteases. Lack of substitution also abolished binding to the two major heparin binding sites of laminin‐1.
Immunohistochemical distribution and functional characterization of an organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (oatp2)
Authors: Kakyo Masayuki , Sakagami Hiroyuki , Nishio Toshiyuki , Nakai Daisuke , Nakagomi Rie , Tokui Taro , Naitoh Takeshi , Matsuno Seiki , Abe Takaaki , Yawo Hiromu
Published: July 2002

The rabbit polyclonal antibody against rat organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (oatp2) was raised and immunoaffinity‐purified. Western blot analysis for oatp2 detected two bands (∼74 and 76 kDa) in rat brain and a single band (76 kDa) in the liver. By immunohistochemical analysis, the oatp2 immunoreactivity was specifically high at the basolateral membrane of rat hepatocytes. Functionally, the oatp2‐expressing oocytes were found to transport dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, δ1 opioid receptor agonist [d‐Pen2,d‐Pen5]enkephalin, Leu‐enkephalin, and biotin significantly, as well as the substrates previously reported. These data reveal the exact distribution of the rat oatp2 at the protein level in the liver, and that oatp2 appears to be involved in the multispecificity of the uptaking substrates in the liver and brain.
Cyclosporin A inhibits H2O2‐induced apoptosis of human fibroblasts
Authors: Sugano Naoyuki , Ito Koichi , Murai Seidai
Published: July 2002

Several clinical studies have shown that cyclosporin A (CsA) is effective for treating a variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Because reactive oxygen species are believed to play a key role in the development of these diseases, causing cell apoptosis, we investigated whether CsA inhibits H2O2‐induced apoptosis. Preincubation of human fibroblasts with CsA dose‐dependently decreased H2O2‐induced apoptosis. Apoptosis suppression by CsA was correlated with the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. Thus, our results suggest that the inhibition of apoptosis by CsA may at least partly contribute to the anti‐inflammatory effect of CsA.
Influence of polyamines on DNA binding of heat shock and activator protein 1 transcription factors induced by heat shock
Authors: Desiderio Maria Alfonsina , Dansi Paola , Tacchini Lorenza , Bernelli-Zazzera Aldo
Published: July 2002

Polyamine depletion, obtained in FAO cells with specific inhibitors of biosynthetic enzymes, prevents or decreases the accumulation of hsp 70 mRNA following heat shock [Desiderio et al., Hepatology 24 (1996) 150–156]. The present study shows that under conditions of spermidine depletion caused by α‐difluoromethylornithine, the DNA binding capacity of the transcription factor HSF induced by heat shock undergoes a severe and prompt deactivation. Replenishment of the spermidine pool before heat shock re‐establishes the DNA binding activity of HSF and the inducibility of hsp 70 mRNA. Similar to HSF, but with a different time‐course, the DNA binding of the transcription factor AP‐1 activated by heat shock is also impaired in spermidine‐depleted cells and reversed by exogenous spermidine. STAT3 provides an example of a transcription factor slightly activated by heat shock but insensitive to polyamine decrease.
Intracellular localization of an active green fluorescent protein‐tagged Pho84 phosphate permease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Petersson Jens , Pattison Johanna , Kruckeberg Arthur L. , Berden Jan A. , Persson Bengt L.
Published: July 2002

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria was used as an in vivo reporter protein when fused to the carboxy‐terminus of the Pho84 phosphate permease of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both components of the fusion protein displayed their native functions and revealed a cellular localization and degradation of the Pho84‐GFP chimera consistent with the behavior of the wild‐type Pho84 protein. The GFP‐tagged chimera allowed for a detection of conditions under which the Pho84 transporter is localized to its functional environment, i.e. the plasma membrane, and conditions linked to relocation of the protein to the vacuole for degradation. By use of the methodology described, GFP should be useful in studies of localization and degradation also of other membrane proteins in vivo.
Induction of labor with vaginal prostaglandin‐E2 in grand multiparous women
Authors: Yamani T.Y , Rouzi A.A
Published: July 2002

Objective: To evaluate our experience of induction of labor with vaginal prostaglandin‐E2 in grand multiparous women. Methods: The outcomes of induction of labor with vaginal prostaglandin‐E2 of 101 grand multiparous women were compared with the outcomes of spontaneous labor of 202 grand multiparous women. Results: There were no statistical significant differences in the duration of labor, fetal birth weight, use of oxytocin augmentation, and Apgar scores in the two groups. Nine women (9.0%) in the induction group delivered by cesarean section compared to six woman (3.0%) in the control group. This was a statistically significant difference (P=0.02). In the induction group, the mean duration of the hospital stay was longer (P=0.003) and there was one neonatal fetal death and one ruptured uterus. Conclusion: Induction of labor with vaginal prostaglandin‐E2 in grand multiparous women is relatively safe. Further studies are needed to confirm our finding.
Collaboration with academia in the development of post ovulatory methods
Authors: Thaler Gy.
Published: July 2002

The 0.75‐mg levonorgestrel‐containing ‘morning after’ contraceptive tablet Postinor® was developed by Gedeon Richter Ltd., Hungary. The product was first launched in 1979 and registered later in approximately 40 countries. In 1994, the World Health Organization offered the company participation in a multinational clinical trial to prove the superiority of the product over existing (Yuzpe‐type) emergency contraceptive products. Based on these data the company was able to redesign the ‘morning after’ type Postinor® into an ‘emergency’ pill, Postinor‐2. During further clinical trials a close working relationship was formed between the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Albert Szent‐Györgyi Medical University in Szeged, Hungary, and Gedeon Richter. The advantages and challenges of cooperation between public‐ and private‐sector institutions are analyzed in the paper.
The nuclear matrix of Euglena gracilis (Euglenophyta): A stage of nuclear matrix evolution?
Authors: Wen Jianfan
Published: July 2002

Summary— Euglena gracilis cell was extracted sequentially with CSK‐Triton buffer, RSB‐Magik solution and DNase‐As solution. DGD embedment‐free electron microscopy showed that in the extracted nucleus there was a residual non‐chromatin fibrous network. That it could not be removed by hot trichloroacetic acid further supported the idea that it was a non‐histone, non‐chromatin fibrous protein network, and should be the internal network of the nuclear matrix. After the sequential extraction, the nuclear membrane was removed, leaving behind a layer of lamina; the chromatin was digested and eluted from the dense chromosomes and residual chromosomal structures that should be chromosomal scaffold were revealed. Western blot analysis with antiserum against rat lamins showed that nuclear lamina of the cell possessed two positive polypeptides, a major one and a minor one, which had molecular masses similar to lamin B and lamin A, respectively. Comparing these data with those of the most primitive eukaryote Archezoa and of higher eukaryotes, it was suggested that the lower unicellular eukaryote E. gracilis already had the nuclear matrix structure, and its nuclear matrix (especially the lamina) might represent a stage of evolutionary history of the nuclear matrix.
Inventory buffers in recoverable manufacturing
Authors: Guide V.Daniel R , Srivastava Rajesh
Published: July 2002

Recoverable manufacturing is becoming an increasingly important alternative to firms as they develop environmentally sound strategies aimed at minimizing waste and resources. It helps minimize costs and conserve resources through methods such as extending product life cycles via remanufacturing which uses only a fraction of the resources and energy associated with a new product. In this study the creation and location of inventory buffers (delay buffers) and their impact on other managerial operating decisions is examined in the context of a remanufacturing environment. It is shown that inventory buffer decisions are significantly impacted by the method used to release parts from the disassembly stage to the remanufacturing stage within the remanufacturing environment. Based on observations and on discussions with managers in remanufacturing facilities several managerial propositions are stated. These propositions are examined, via a simulation model of an operating facility, and recommendations as to the inventory buffer to use in conjunction with the disassembly release policy (for parts) are made for the remanufacturing environment.
Internet discussions as a source for consumer product customer involvement and quality information: an exploratory study
Authors: Finch Byron J
Published: July 2002

As quality management has become increasingly important, linking quality management efforts to customer wants and needs has also expanded. For consumer product manufacturers this has resulted in a need to develop more direct links to the customer. Anecdotal reports indicate that firms are beginning to tap into Internet discussions as a source for this type of information. For this exploratory study, the entire network of usenet groups was monitored for 1 year for messages containing the name of one company. The messages were analyzed and a detailed description of this type of information is provided to evaluate its potential for use in this manner and to provide the basis for research questions that may guide further efforts in theory development.
Work force management practices for manufacturing flexibility
Authors: Kathuria Ravi , Partovi Fariborz Y
Published: July 2002

Manufacturing flexibility can be a critical source of competitive advantage, yet the literature on work force management in an environment of high emphasis on flexibility is scant. This paper attempts to identify which work force management practices contribute to better managerial performance when the emphasis on flexibility is high. A contingency model depicting a moderating effect of the emphasis on flexibility on the relationship between work force management practices and managerial performance is proposed. The theoretic‐deductive approach is used to develop the study hypotheses, which are tested using data from 483 individuals in 99 manufacturing plants in the United States. The results of the regression analyses suggest that the better performing manufacturing managers strongly demonstrate the relationship‐oriented practices, such as team building, supporting, networking, inspiring, recognizing, etc., and participative leadership and delegation practices, when the emphasis on flexibility is high. Furthermore, as the emphasis on flexibility increases, the higher performing manufacturing managers relegate their traditional responsibilities, such as monitoring, problem solving, etc., to their employees.
Early onset of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic activity in the visual layers of the rodent superior colliculus
Authors: Jüttner René , Henneberger Christian , Grantyn Rosemarie , Rothe Thomas
Published: July 2002

During postnatal development, the retinocollicular pathway undergoes activity‐dependent refinement, resulting in the precise retinotopic map seen in adults. Previous studies established that retinal efferents reach the mouse superior colliculus (SC) by embryonic day 16. Morphologically, synapses were found in the rat SC before birth. As part of an extended project aimed at understanding the development of synaptic transmission in the visual layers of the SC, we report here the presence of functionally active synapses immediately after birth. Circuit activity in mouse SC neurons was detected in horizontal slices of the visual layers using cell‐attached voltage clamp. The spontaneous discharge of action potentials was abolished by glutamatergic blockers and facilitated by bicuculline, showing that circuit activity is based on synaptic transmission and that the action of γ‐aminobutyric acid is inhibitory. Using whole‐cell voltage clamp, spontaneous glutamatergic postsynaptic currents as well as miniature GABAergic postsynaptic currents were recorded on postnatal day 1. Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents could also be evoked by electrical stimulation. Glutamatergic postsynaptic currents comprised both (S)‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor‐mediated components. The early function of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission in the visual layers of SC suggests that SC neurons are able to process information originating from retinal axons immediately after birth.
Comparing the onset of action of antidepressants: Comparison of different criteria applied to the same data set
Authors: Niklson IA , Reimitz P-E
Published: July 2002

The issue of early onset of action (EOA) of an antidepressant was addressed by several authors. Unfortunately so far there is neither consensus nor convention on the definitions of EOA, or on measures and methods of assessments. There are several quite different approaches to the statistical analysis of the data. Our objective was to compare the results concerning EOA obtained by different statistical techniques applied on a data set which was generated by several independent conclusive double-blind, placebo controlled randomised trials with two antidepressants. The following statistical techniques were used: 1) statistically significant difference for the first time; 2) statistically significant and clinically relevant difference for the first time; 3) pattern analysis; 4) classical survival analysis without ‘sustained response’; 5) survival analysis with sustained response. The advantages and drawbacks of different methods are discussed.
Poland and the international system: external influences on democratic consolidation
Authors: Steves F.
Published: July 2002

Democratization in Poland has been heavily influenced by agents and structures external to the Polish state. However, the influence of these external agencies is mediated through domestic social and political institutions, the state foremost among them. The Polish state’s response to and interaction with external agencies is heavily conditioned by the very process of democratization which these agencies seek to influence. Thus, the impact of external agencies on the democratic consolidation process cannot be understood without reference to the influence that democratization has played in reshaping Poland’s foreign relations. This paper explains the interaction between systemic and domestic factors in shaping the democratic consolidation process in Poland.
Microeconomic foundations of an optimal currency area
Authors: Swofford James L
Published: July 2002

The concept of an optimum currency area has previously been developed using macroeconomic policy results and factor mobility as the criteria for the optimum extent of a common currency area. In this paper, microeconomic foundations for an optimum currency area are set forth. These microeconomic foundations are requirements for a common currency area to exist. One can test for consistency with these microeconomic foundations. Procedures for such tests are discussed. Some preliminary results are presented from tests of whether or not the Euro Area economies constitute a common currency area. The test results tentatively suggest that the Euro Area countries may encounter problems in their attempt to establish a common currency.
Comparisons of sensors to predict spring wheat grain yield and protein content
Authors: Veverka Donald , Chatterjee Amitava , Carlson Melissa
Published: February 2021

Canopy vegetation indices can predict the spatial variability in grain yield before harvest across large spatial scale. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) canopy reflectance data using a hand‐held active sensor (RapidScan CS‐45) and a small unmanned aerial vehicle (sUAV)‐based passive light optical sensor (Micasense RedEdge) were collected three times during flag leaf to heading stages (in the month of June and July) from 16 site‐years across the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota. Potential of vegetation indices (VIs), red normalized vegetation (RNDVI) and red edge normalized vegetation (RENDVI), were compared to predict grain yield and protein content. Linear regression between two sensors showed a significant (p < .05) relationship based on RNDVI (R2 = .69) and RENDVI (R2 = .55) values (n = 48). Only for the 2nd year, RENDVI from both sensors could predict the grain yield; but only the RENDVI from sUAV‐based passive sensor could predict the protein content at Haun stages between five and eight (R2 = .60, RMSE = 14.8, p = .02). Use of sUAV based passive sensor has potential to predict protein content but selecting optimal growth stage and validation of developed regression models in neighboring fields are critical for the accurate prediction.
Organic‐Inorganic Dual Catalytic System for the Regioselective Construction of Diverse Quinone Derivatives via Benzannulation
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Saeed , Yang Won‐Guen , Kim Sung Hong , Lee Yong Rok
Published: February 2021

Efficient and regioselective synthesis of highly functionalized naphthoquinone and anthraquinone derivatives was accomplished in good yields using an organic‐inorganic dual catalyst through [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between various 1,4‐benzenediols or 1,4‐naphthalenediols and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. These atom‐economic reactions rapidly provided useful cycloaddition adducts in a one‐pot reaction. The technique was successfully applied to synthesize tectoquinone, a natural compound found in red heartwood‐type Cryptomeria japonica, and 2‐(4‐methylpent‐3‐enyl)anthracene‐9,10‐dione, found in the roots of Sesamum indicum, and their analogs.
Visible Light‐Induced Intramolecular C─O Bond Formation via 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer Strategy
Authors: Kim Kiho , Kim Namhoon , Hong Sungwoo
Published: January 2021

An efficient strategy for the visible‐light‐promoted intramolecular C─O bond formation has been accomplished, which allows the synthesis of cyclic ether derivatives in the absence of a photocatalyst. This reaction is likely to occur through the generation of alkoxy radical from in situ generated O─I bond, followed by 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer (1,5‐HAT) and subsequent intramolecular cyclization to form a C─O bond. This synthetic approach offers an efficient tool by providing access to valuable cyclic ether scaffolds under mild reaction conditions.
A rare and distinct hepatic tumor: Hepatocholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Limaiem Faten , Bouraoui Saadia
Published: February 2021

The rare histological features of hepatocholangiocarcinoma require a thorough sampling of the surgical specimen and the application of immunohistochemical techniques to confirm the diagnosis.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Activation/Suzuki Reaction of Methylenecyclobutanes
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Bing , Li Li , Yang Wan‐Chun , Song Kun‐Long , Wu Bin , Gan Wan‐Er , Cao Jian , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusion

Transition‐metal catalyzed C—C bond activation is a formidable challenge owing to the high bond energy. We report here a novel palladium‐catalyzed C—C bond activation manner of methylenecyclobutanes followed by subsequent Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction affording multisubstituted indanes. The tandem reaction process involves intramolecular carbopalladation of double bond, β‐carbon elimination and intermolecular trapping of the transient σ‐alkylpalladium complex with boronic acids. A new TADDOL‐derived phosphoramidite ligand bearing fluorine and silicon‐based bulky groups is found to be efficient for C—C bond activation of methylenecyclobutanes.
The effect of physical activity interventions on cognition function in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Ruitong , Yan Wenxin , Du Min , Tao Liyuan , Liu Jue
Published: February 2021

Background

In recent years, studies have revealed that cognition may be impaired by glucose metabolism disorder. Meanwhile, physical activity has been demonstrated to maintain blood glucose. This meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the effect of physical activity on cognition in patients with diabetes and provide evidence for the treatment of cognition impairment among them.

Methods

We searched studies published in five databases from 1 January 1984 to 29 August 2020. A random‐effect or fixed‐effect meta‐analysis was used to estimate the pooled effect of physical activity on the change of cognition throughout intervention duration and post‐intervention cognition scores by standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). We used funnel plots to evaluate the publication bias, I2 statistic to evaluate the heterogeneity and did subgroup analysis stratified by sample size and follow‐up time.

Results

Five eligible studies involving 2581 patients with diabetes were included. The pooled effect of physical activity on cognition improvement in patients with diabetes was significant (SMD = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.34–1.62), while the effect on post‐intervention cognition scores was not significant (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI: −0.04–0.73). In the subgroup analysis, the pooled effect was significantly higher in studies of follow‐up time less than 1 year (SMD = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.63–2.64), while observing no significant effect in studies of follow‐up time over 1 year (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI: −0.11–0.32).

Conclusions

Physical activity is beneficial to improving cognition in patients with diabetes. However, the long‐term effect needs to be explored in future studies.
Oxygen‐Doped Carbon Nitride Tubes for Highly Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ding Ling , Lu Qiongqiong , Permana Antonius Dimas Chandra , Oswald Steffen , Hantusch Martin , Nielsch Kornelius , Mikhailova Daria
Published: February 2021

Graphitic carbon nitride g‐C3N4 (GCN) has attracted extensive attention for electrochemical energy storage and conversion due to its high surface area, metal‐free characteristics, “earth‐abundance,” and facile synthesis. Furthermore, GCN has been demonstrated to exhibit a chemical interaction with polysulfides because of functional pyridinic nitrogen atoms, thus representing promising properties for application in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, an oxygen‐doped hexagonal tubular carbon nitride (O‐TCN) is obtained through a simple hydrolysis and pyrolysis approach. The tubular structure favors electrolyte infiltration and accommodates the volume change of sulfur during the redox reaction. Moreover, O‐TCN/S with a high content of pyridinic N of about 80 wt% as the sulfur host is beneficial for trapping various polysulfide intermediates via numerous strong N–Li chemical interactions, further facilitating the transformation from high‐order polysulfides to low‐order Li2S2 or Li2S. As a result, O‐TCN delivers a high discharge capacity of 1281 mAh·g−1 at 0.05 C for the first cycle, and an excellent reversible capacity of 401 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 0.5 C with an ultralow capacity decay of 0.064% per cycle, presenting a high sulfur utilization and capacity retention.