bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food safety considerations in integrated organic crop–livestock systems: prevalence of Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 in organically raised cattle and organic feed
Authors: Nazareth Joshua , Shaw Angela , Delate Kathleen , Turnbull Robert
Published: December 2019

Availability of organic foods has been increasing in the United States due to consumer demand for food produced with a lower environmental footprint. Surveys show that organic consumers view organic food as safer and of higher quality, but a number of food-borne outbreaks have been linked to organic produce in recent years. This outcome suggests that improved food safety protocols are needed to ensure food safety along organic food chains. In this study, model integrated crop–livestock organic systems were established in three states (Iowa, Minnesota and Pennsylvania) to evaluate biological performance and food safety aspects. Organically raised cattle and their feed/forage, feces, hide and meat were examined for the presence of two pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Results confirmed that E. coli O157:H7 was not isolated on any hide or meat samples. Across all sites, the prevalence rate for E. coli O157:H7 on feed/forage and fecal matter was 9.43 and 7.26%, respectively. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 1.89, 3.33 and 18.6% of feed, fecal and hide samples, respectively. Salmonella spp. was not detected on any meat samples. While Salmonella spp. rates on hides were greater than those in feed and fecal samples, the prevalence rate of both pathogens on cattle hides was lower than in previous studies. The use of an organic fly repellent containing essential oils in this study would need to be investigated further to determine any correlation between its use and lower pathogen rates on hides. Feed/forage was more likely to test positive for E. coli O157:H7 from June through August, indicating the importance of strict sanitary measures to prevent feed contamination during summer months. These results suggest that careful adherence to food safety management strategies can help reduce the risk of bacterial contamination in integrated crop–livestock systems.
Moral Credentials, Intergroup Attitudes, and Regulatory Focus Interactively Affect Support for Affirmative Action
Authors: Lalot Fanny , Falomir-Pichastor Juan M.
Published: December 2019

People generally tend to stay consistent in their attitudes and actions but can feel licensed to act less-than-virtuously when an initial moral action provides an excuse to do so (i.e., moral self-licensing). A handful of studies have tested how relevant initial attitudes moderate the self-licensing effect but yielded mixed findings: Initial attitudes either decrease, increase, or do not influence licensing dynamics. To account for these inconsistent findings, we propose that the effect of attitudes could itself interact with other factors, notably motivational orientation. We conducted two studies taking into account initial attitudes, absence/presence of moral credentials, and participants’ chronic regulatory focus. Drawing from self-completion theory, we expected self-licensing to occur specifically amongst prevention-focused participants holding positive intergroup attitudes. Results supported this prediction. Prevention-focused participants with positive intergroup attitudes supported affirmative action policies to a lesser extent when they had acquired moral credentials, as compared to when they had not (i.e., self-licensing),t(329) = –3.79,p< .001,d= –.42, 95% CI [–.64, –.20]. Additionally, promotion-focused participants holding positive intergroup attitudes supported affirmative action policies to a greater extent when they had acquired moral credentials (i.e., behavioral consistency),t(329) = 2.44,p= .015,d= .27, 95% CI [.05, .49].
The Particularly Vulnerable Situation of Women Living Homeless in Madrid (Spain)
Authors: Vázquez José Juan , Panadero Sonia , Pascual Isabel
Published: December 2019

People in homeless situation are one of the major embodiments of the phenomenon of social exclusion, and women living homeless are considered a particularly vulnerable group. This paper examines different variables that may affect the situation of vulnerability experienced by women living homeless in Madrid (Spain). The study was carried out using data obtained from a representative sample of homeless men in Madrid (n = 158) and a sample of homeless women in Madrid of a similar size (n = 138). The information was gathered using a structured interview in shelters or other facilities for people in a homeless situation, on the street and in other places not initially designed for sleeping. The results show that woman living homeless are highly vulnerable compared to the domiciled population and, in some respects, to homeless men as well, especially in the number of times homeless (χ2 = 10.314; p < .01), in the time working with a contract and/or self-employed (t = 5.754; p < .001), and in the use of sedatives (χ2= 14.741; p < .001). It is however noted that homeless women show in some aspects greater strengths than homeless men. Such strengths could serve as a supporting point for their social inclusion processes. The analysis of issues that differentiate women in a homeless situation from their male counterparts could be useful for developing public policies and care resources adapted to the specific characteristics and needs of women living homeless.
Future Changes in East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation and Precipitation Under 1.5 to 5 °C of Warming
Authors: Li Zhibo , Sun Ying , Li Tim , Ding Yihui , Hu Ting
Published: December 2019

Understanding the link between future changes in East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and global warming levels is of great importance for regional climate change adaptation and mitigation in East Asia. Here, we analyze the projected changes in EASM circulation and precipitation under different warming levels from 1.5 to 5 °C above the preindustrial global mean temperature, using large‐ensemble simulations conducted with Canadian Earth System Model version 2. We find that the model projects enhanced monsoon circulation and precipitation with global warming. The 850‐hPa meridional winds, precipitation, and 500‐hPa vertical ascending motion will be enhanced nonlinearly, while the total column precipitable water will increase quasi‐linearly. The increase in precipitable water in the wet EASM region is only slightly greater than global average but the increase in precipitation is much greater than global one, with enhanced 500‐hPa vertical ascending motion contrary to global mean. The increased low‐level land‐sea thermal contrast leads to the enhanced EASM meridional circulation and thus bring a large amount of moisture into Eastern China, providing favorable conditions for additional increase in precipitation. A simplified moisture budget analysis  shows that the dynamic component related to strengthening monsoon circulation plays dominant role in the increase in EASM precipitation when the global temperature increases by more than approximately 2 °C, while the thermodynamic component caused by increased water vapor is important when the warming is smaller.
Late Holocene Landscape Collapse of a Trans‐Himalayan Dryland: Human Impact and Aridification
Authors: Menges Johanna , Hovius Niels , Andermann Christoff , Dietze Michael , Swoboda Charlie , Cook Kristen L. , Adhikari Basanta R. , Vieth‐Hillebrand Andrea , Bonnet Stephane , Reimann Tony , Koutsodendris Andreas , Sachse Dirk
Published: December 2019

Soil degradation is a severe and growing threat to ecosystem services globally. Soil loss is often nonlinear, involving a rapid deterioration from a stable eco‐geomorphic state once a tipping point is reached. Soil loss thresholds have been studied at plot scale, but for landscapes, quantitative constraints on the necessary and sufficient conditions for tipping points are rare. Here, we document a landscape‐wide eco‐geomorphic tipping point at the edge of the Tibetan Plateau and quantify its drivers and erosional consequences. We show that in the upper Kali Gandaki valley, Nepal, soil formation prevailed under wetter conditions during much of the Holocene. Our data suggest that after a period of human pressure and declining vegetation cover, a 20% reduction of relative humidity and precipitation below 200 mm/year halted soil formation after 1.6 ka and promoted widespread gullying and rapid soil loss, with irreversible consequences for ecosystem services.
Iron Supply Pathways Between the Surface and Subsurface Waters of the Southern Ocean: From Winter Entrainment to Summer Storms
Authors: Nicholson S.‐A. , Lévy M. , Jouanno J. , Capet X. , Swart S. , Monteiro P. M. S.
Published: December 2019

Dissolved iron (DFe) plays an immeasurable role in shaping the biogeochemical processes of the open‐ocean Southern Ocean. However, due to observational constraints iron supply pathways remain poorly understood. Using an idealized eddy‐resolving physical‐biogeochemical model representing a turbulent sector of the Southern Ocean with seasonal buoyancy forcing and zonal winds overlaid by storms, we quantify the importance of a range of subsurface and surface iron supply mechanisms. The main physical supply pathways to the surface layer are via eddy advection and winter convective mixing in equal proportions. The associated subsurface loss of DFe is restocked via net remineralization (75%) and eddy advection (25%). Summer storms resulted in weak DFe supplies relative to the seasonal supplies (<7.6%). However, in situations of deep summer mixed layers and when interacting with underlying ocean fronts, summer storms resulted in enhanced diffusive and advective DFe supplies and raised summer primary production by 20% for several days.
Statistical Study of Energetic Electron Butterfly Pitch Angle Distributions During Magnetic Dip Events
Authors: Xiong Ying , Xie Lun , Fu Suiyan , Pu Zuyin
Published: December 2019

The magnetic dips can create the electron butterfly pitch angle distribution (PAD) in the inner magnetosphere. However, its universality is still unconfirmed. We statistically investigate the global distribution of the occurrence rate of the magnetic dip‐related butterfly PAD for 466 keV and 2.1 MeV electrons using the measurements of the twin Van Allen Probes spanning from September 2012 to November 2018. The statistical results show that the magnetic dip‐related butterfly PADs are mainly confined to duskside to midnight within 4.5 < L < 6, and the peak occurrence rate (30% for 466 KeV and 70% for 2.1 MeV) occurs at the duskside equator around L = 5. The parametric study results suggest that the butterfly PADs preferably occur for high energy electrons with a negative initial radial flux gradient and a nearly isotropic initial PAD, which is consistent with the statistic results. This work confirms the vital importance of the magnetic dips on the evolution of the electron PADs.
The Köppen‐Trewartha Climate‐Type Changes Over the CORDEX‐East Asia Phase 2 Domain Under 2 and 3 °C Global Warming
Authors: Jo Sera , Ahn Joong‐Bae , Cha Dong‐hyun , Min Seung‐Ki , Suh Myoung‐Seok , Byun Young‐Hwa , Kim Jin‐Uk
Published: December 2019

For the comprehensive estimation of regional climate change over East Asia (EA) at the 2 and 3 °C global warming levels (GWLs), the Köppen‐Trewartha climate‐type change is assessed with ensemble regional climate change projections in line with Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)‐EA phase 2. Under the 2 °C (3 °C) GWL, 17.6% (25.2%) of the EA region is expected to undergo major climate‐type changes. Tropical and subtropical climate types will expand northward, accompanied by increasing hydroclimatic intensity. Limiting GWL to 2 °C shows benefits by preventing subtropical‐type expansion around far EA. Desertification over inland regions of EA exhibits scenario dependency. Boreal and tundra climate types over high‐latitude regions will tend to decrease rapidly, especially over the Tibetan Plateau. The results are expected to be a baseline assessment of climate change over EA under the 2 and 3 °C GWLs above the preindustrial level.
Spatial Characteristics of Mesoscale Plasma Flow Perturbations and Accompanying Electron Precipitation in the High‐Latitude Ionosphere
Authors: Chen Yun‐Ju , Heelis Roderick A.
Published: December 2019

The spatial characteristics of mesoscale plasma perturbations in the high‐latitude ionosphere are important considerations for a more complete description of the energy deposition from the magnetosphere. In this study, ion drift and particle precipitation measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F17 satellite during local summer seasons in 2012 are used to examine the flow perturbations and their closure paths and the particle precipitation associated with them. The closed circulation associated with a flow perturbation is identified from the potential distribution and can be described by a single‐cell or a two‐cell configuration with characteristic spatial scale sizes between 100 and 600 km and 200 and 1,200 km, respectively. Observations suggest that an asymmetry in space and flow speed is frequently seen with faster flows in a narrower region and slower return flows in wider adjacent regions. For a single‐cell configuration, the faster flows are preferentially sunward and in the same direction as the background convection, and the weaker return flows are preferentially duskward/dawnward of the potential maxima/minimum. For a two‐cell configuration, the faster flow is seen in the central region and also tends to follow the background convection with weaker return flows on the two sides. Except in the region poleward of the convection reversal boundary, 0.5–3 keV electron precipitation, displaying the same spatial asymmetry as the flow perturbation, is frequently seen in a single cell around a potential minimum on the dusk side.
Growth phase proteomics of the heterotrophic marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi
Authors: Krayushkina Dasha , Timmins-Schiffman Emma , Faux Jessica , May Damon H. , Riffle Michael , Harvey H. Rodger , Nunn Brook L.
Published: December 2019

The heterotrophic marine bacterium, Ruegeria pomeroyi, was experimentally cultured under environmentally realistic carbon conditions and with a tracer-level addition of 13C-labeled leucine to track bacterial protein biosynthesis through growth phases. A combination of methods allowed observation of real-time bacterial protein production to understand metabolic priorities through the different growth phases. Over 2000 proteins were identified in each experimental culture from exponential and stationary growth phases. Within two hours of the 13C-labeled leucine addition, R. pomeroyi significantly assimilated the newly encountered substrate into new proteins. This dataset provides a fundamental baseline for understanding growth phase differences in molecular physiology of a cosmopolitan marine bacterium.
Species occurrence of ticks in South America, and interactions with biotic and abiotic traits
Authors: Estrada-Peña Agustin , Nava Santiago , Tarragona Evelina , Bermúdez Sergio , de la Fuente José , Domingos Ana , Labruna Marcelo , Mosqueda Juan , Merino Octavio , Szabó Matias , Venzal Jose M. , Guglielmone Alberto A.
Published: December 2019

The datasets of records of the distribution of ticks and their hosts are invaluable tools to understand the phylogenetic patterns of evolution of ticks and the abiotic traits to which they are associated. Such datasets require an exhaustive collection of bibliographical references. In most cases, it is necessary the confirmation of reliable identification of ticks, together with an update of the scientific names of the vertebrate hosts. These data are not easily available, because many records were published in the so-called “grey literature”. Herein, we introduced the Dataset of Ticks in South America, a repository that collates data on 4,764 records of ticks (4,124 geo-referenced) with a special reference to an extra 2,370 records of ticks on cattle, together with a set of abiotic traits, curated from satellite-derived information over the complete target region. The dataset includes details of the phylogenetic relationships of the species of hosts, providing researchers with both biotic and abiotic traits that drive the distribution and evolution of ticks in South America.
A recombination bin-map identified a major QTL for resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Clevenger Josh , Kale Sandip M. , Wang Hui , Pandey Manish K. , Choudhary Divya , Yuan Mei , Wang Xingjun , Culbreath Albert K. , Holbrook C. Corley , Liu Xin , Varshney Rajeev K. , Guo Baozhu
Published: December 2019

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a devastating disease to peanut growers in the South-eastern region of the United States. Newly released peanut cultivars in recent years are crucial as they have some levels of resistance to TSWV. One mapping population of recombinant inbred line (RIL) used in this study was derived from peanut lines of SunOleic 97R and NC94022. A whole genome re-sequencing approach was used to sequence these two parents and 140 RILs. A recombination bin-based genetic map was constructed, with 5,816 bins and 20 linkage groups covering a total length of 2004 cM. Using this map, we identified three QTLs which were colocalized on chromosome A01. One QTL had the largest effect of 36.51% to the phenotypic variation and encompassed 89.5 Kb genomic region. This genome region had a cluster of genes, which code for chitinases, strictosidine synthase-like, and NBS-LRR proteins. SNPs linked to this QTL were used to develop Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers, and the validated KASP markers showed expected segregation of alleles coming from resistant and susceptible parents within the population. Therefore, this bin-map and QTL associated with TSWV resistance made it possible for functional gene mapping, map-based cloning, and marker-assisted breeding. This study identified the highest number of SNP makers and demonstrated recombination bin-based map for QTL identification in peanut. The chitinase gene clusters and NBS-LRR disease resistance genes in this region suggest the possible involvement in peanut resistance to TSWV.
Fractal Analysis in Pore Size Distributions of Different Bituminous Coals
Authors: Zhu Jie , He Fa , Zhang Yang , Zhang Rui , Zhang Bo
Published: December 2019

Coal bumps, coal and gas bursts are currently the main threats to coal mine safety in China. The physical properties of coal are important determining factors for the occurrence of coal bumps or coal and gas bursts. A series of experiments using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), nitrogen adsorption (NA) and carbon dioxide adsorption (CA) were employed to investigate the pore size distributions (PSDs) of bump-prone coal and gas-outburst coal. Considering the influence of coal matrix compressibility on the MIP experimental data, the MIP data should be considered in combination with NA and CA testing data. The dominant pores of gas-outburst coal are different from those of bump-prone coal. The PSDs of coal samples have multifractal characteristics. However, the multifractal characteristics of two types of coal are different. (Answer to question 1, reviewer 2). A comparison of the multifractal parameters indicated that Xin Zhou Yao (XZY) coal samples have a higher spatial heterogeneity and complexity of their pore size distribution, while Zhao Ge Zhuang (ZGZ) coal samples have a lower heterogeneity and pore connectivity, which may hinder smooth gas flow and lead to a localized collection of gas in coal seams.
Health Claims Regulation: Opportunities and Challenges in Europe
Authors: Buttriss Judith
Published: December 2019

An increasing number of foods sold in the European Union (EU) carry nutrition and health claims. A nutrition claim states or suggests that a food has beneficial nutritional properties, such as “low fat”, “no added sugar” and “high in fibre”. A health claim is any statement on labels, advertising or other marketing products that implies health benefits can result from consuming a given food, for instance one that can help reinforce the body's natural defences or enhance learning ability. In December 2006, the EU adopted Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, which established harmonised rules for the use of health or nutritional claims on foodstuffs, and processes for establishing the scientific validity of such claims. A key objective of this Regulation was to ensure that any claim made on a food label in the EU is clear and substantiated by scientific evidence. This chapter summarises these rules with reference to several EU-funded projects, in particular BACCHUS, which provided support for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) considering whether to use or apply for health claims, and CLYMBOL, which explored how health-related information, provided through claims and symbols, affects consumer understanding, purchases and consumption.
The Impact of “Labelling” on the Beliefs, Attitudes and Behaviours of Consumers with Food Allergy: A Multilevel Perspective
Authors: Galvin Audrey Dunn
Published: December 2019

Food allergy is a major public health concern affecting an estimated 20 million Europeans, with high costs to public health services. Avoidance of the trigger food(s) is central to effective self-management but unintentional consumption is common, causing frequent reactions, some of which may be life-threatening. Currently there is no curative therapy for food allergy in routine clinical use, therefore clinical management is, by necessity, focused on avoidance of the triggering allergens and effective rescue therapy for allergic reactions. When expert knowledge – which includes food-allergic individuals as well as healthcare, the food industry, research and policy-makers and regulators – is integrated effectively, and focused on solving problems, it can yield significant innovation.
Multi-step structural phase transitions with novel symmetry breaking and inverse symmetry breaking characteristics in a [Ag4I6]2− cluster hybrid crystal
Authors: Zhang Jin , Yao Wan-Wan , Sang Lei , Pan Xue-Wei , Wang Xiao-Zu , Liu Wen-Long , Wang Lifeng , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: December 2019

A [Pr-dabco][Ag4I6] cluster-based hybrid shows multi-step structural phase transitions, and the transformations between phases-I and II, phases-II and III exhibit symmetry breaking and inverse symmetry breaking characteristics, respectively.
Graphene-supported 2D cobalt oxides for catalytic applications
Authors: Michel Loïc , Sall Sécou , Dintzer Thierry , Robert Cerise , Demange Antoine , Caps Valérie
Published: December 2019

Graphene-supported, highly reduced, high surface area CoO thin films, produced by straight-forward NaBH4 reduction of cobalt nitrate in a sonicated DMF suspension of bulk graphite, are highly active for low temperature CO oxidation.
Dynamic covalent polymers for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhang Yan , Qi Yunchuan , Ulrich Sébastien , Barboiu Mihail , Ramström Olof
Published: December 2019

Dynamic covalent polymers have emerged as intriguing, new materials with unique properties. In this article, their synthesis, properties, and applications in the biomedical field have been reviewed.
K2S2O8-promoted direct thiocyanation of pyrazolin-5-ones with ammonium thiocyanate at room temperature
Authors: Mao Xiaokang , Ni Jiabin , Xu Bin , Ding Chunyong
Published: December 2019

A facile and efficient approach for the direct thiocyanation of pyrazolin-5-ones under mild conditions has been established for the first time.
Introducing students to experimental design skills
Authors: Szalay L. , Tóth Z. , Kiss E.
Published: December 2019

The results of an earlier empirical research study on modifying ‘step-by-step’ instructions to practical activities requiring one or more steps of the experiments to be designed by students initiated a longitudinal study to investigate the effectiveness of the approach for younger students and over a period of time. The longitudinal study that followed took the form of a four year research project that began in September 2016. Over 900 students have been involved. All were 12–13 years old in the beginning of the study. Each year they spend six lessons carrying out practical activities using worksheets we provide. This paper reports the findings of the first year, when the participating classes were allocated to one of three groups. Group 1 was the control group. Students simply followed the step-by-step instructions. Groups 2 and 3 were experimental groups. Group 2 students not only followed the same instructions, but also had to complete experimental design tasks on paper. Group 3 students followed the same instructions, but one or more steps were incomplete and students were required to design these steps. The impact of the intervention on the students’ experimental design skills, disciplinary content knowledge and attitude toward chemistry is measured by structured tests. After the first school year of the project it was clear that the type of instruction only had a weak significant positive effect on the results of the Group 2 students’ disciplinary content knowledge. No significant effect of the intervention could be detected on the changes in the students’ grades and attitudes toward the subject, which only seemed to depend on the ranking of their schools. This paper provides the interesting details of the results of the first year (pilot) of the research and discusses changes to the approach that have been made for the remaining three years of the project.
Pulsed laser rusted stainless steel: a robust electrode material applied for energy storage and generation applications
Authors: Karthik Namachivayam , Tian Tian , Edison Thomas Nesakumar Jebakumar Immanuel , Atchudan Raji , Lee Yong Rok , Kim Seongbeom , Xiong Dangsheng
Published: December 2019

A robust pulsed laser rusted stainless steel with superhydrophilic honey-comb texture facilitates conventional areal capacitance and low Tafel slope to handle multifunctional challenges in the fields of energy storage and conversion.
Effects of viscoelasticity on shear-thickening in dilute suspensions in a viscoelastic fluid
Authors: Matsuoka Yuki , Nakayama Yasuya , Kajiwara Toshihisa
Published: December 2019

We investigate previously unclarified effects of fluid elasticity on shear-thickening in dilute suspensions in an Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluid using a novel direct numerical simulation based on the smoothed profile method.
Daily dynamic performance of a solar chimney power plant integrated by waste heat recovery
Authors: Zhou Xinping , Xu Yangyang
Published: December 2019

The numerical simulation of a large‐scale hybrid SCPP (an additional waste heat source is connected to the collector‐to‐chimney transition section) is performed based on a transient model. The daily dynamic profiles of power output, mass flow rate of condensed water and temperature at a representative point for continuous 24 h are obtained, as well as the daily total electricity output and the power difference‐to‐average ratio (PDAR) defined as the ratio of the peak‐valley difference of the daily power profile to the daily average. The effect of effective waste heat flux (EWHF) on the power output by changing the solar radiation intensity is evaluated. Results show that the incorporation of waste heat with enough high heat flux into SCPP causes clear enhancement of the power output. With the increase in the EWHF from 0 to 2 GW, the daily total electricity output increases by 119.99% and the PDAR drops from 1.61 to 0.8. Moreover, the PDAR is smaller for weaker solar radiation. This indicates that enough high waste heat flux helps to flatten the daily profile of the plant power output, especially for weak solar radiation. While low waste heat flux has little influence on the power output and the PDAR.
Hunting ghosts: the iconic stellar stream(s) around NGC 5907 under scrutiny
Authors: Müller Oliver , Vudragović Ana , Bílek Michal
Published: December 2019

Stellar streams are regarded as crucial objects for testing galaxy formation models because their morphology traces the underlying potentials and their occurrence tracks the assembly history of the galaxies. The existence of one of the most iconic stellar streams, the double loop around NGC 5907, has recently been questioned by new observations with the Dragonfly telescope. This new work only finds parts of the stream, even though a 1σ surface brightness limit of 30.3 mag arcsec−2 in the g band was reached. Using 7.2 h of luminance L-band imaging with the Milanković 1.4-m telescope, we have reobserved the putative double-loop part to confirm or reject this assessment. We do not find signs of the double loop, but see only a single knee-shaped stellar stream. Comparing our results to the data by the Dragonfly team, we find the same features. Our observations reach a 1σ surface brightness limit of 29.7 mag arcsec−2 in the g band. These findings emphasize the need for independent confirmation of detections of very low-surface brightness features.
IgG4-assoziierte Erkrankung
Authors: Schirmer Jan H. , Hoyer Bimba F.
Published: December 2019

Was ist neu?

Übersicht und Nomenklatur Die IgG4-assoziierte Erkrankung (IgG4-RD) ist eine erst kürzlich beschriebene heterogene Krankheitsentität, der viele vorher als eigenständige Einzelorganerkrankungen interpretierte Manifestationen zugerechnet werden. Hauptsymptom ist die Schwellung oder Vergrößerung betroffener Organe.

Diagnose und Klassifikation Die Diagnose wird in Zusammenschau von Anamnese, klinischem Bild, Bildgebung, Histopathologie und IgG4-spezifischen Tests in Labor und Histologie gestellt.

Labor und Bildgebung Häufige Laborbefunde sind: erhöhtes Serum-IgG4, IgE und CRP, Hypergammaglobulinämie, Hypokomplementämie und Eosinophilie.

Histopathologie. Das typische Bild umfasst folgende Hauptcharakteristika: dichte lymphoplasmazelluläre Infiltrate, storiforme Fibrose und obliterative Phlebitis. Ferner treten vermehrte IgG4-positive Plasmazellen auf.

Differenzialdiagnostische Abgrenzung Diverse andere Krankheitsbilder können die IgG4-RD imitieren.

Medikamentöse Therapie Neu sind eine Studie zu Mycophenolat-Mofetil und Daten zu Rituximab bei sonst weitgehend fehlender Evidenz aus Studien zur Behandlung der IgG4-RD.

Glukokortikoide Glukokortikoide (GC) sind die Grundlage der medikamentösen Therapie.

Konventionelle Immunsuppressiva Es herrscht weiterhin kein Konsens, ob konventionelle Immunsuppressiva als GC-sparende Therapie immer oder nur in besonderen Fällen Teil der medikamentösen Therapie sein sollten.

Biologika Rituximab ist eine etablierte Reservetherapie.

Interventionelle und chirurgische Verfahren Mechanische Obstruktionen und Kompressionen können chirurgische und interventionelle Verfahren notwendig machen.
Linkage of Routine Data to Other Data Sources in Germany: A Practical Example Illustrating Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Langner Ingo , Riedel Oliver , Czwikla Jonas , Heinze Franziska , Rothgang Heinz , Zeeb Hajo , Haug Ulrike
Published: December 2019

Routinedaten haben ein hohes Potenzial für die epidemiologische und Versorgungsforschung, doch fehlen beispielsweise Informationen zu Todesursachen und es mangelt häufig an detaillierten Informationen u. a. zu Lebensstilfaktoren. In Deutschland ist v. a. aufgrund der strengen Datenschutzauflagen eine unmittelbare Ergänzung dieser Informationen durch andere Datenquellen („Linkage“) mit einigen Herausforderungen verbunden. So besteht eine Herausforderung darin, dass die Routinedatennutzer üblicherweise keinen Zugriff auf Personenidentifikatoren besitzen, die für ein Linkage erforderlich sind. Darüber hinaus sollten sensible Informationen (z. B. die Todesursache) nicht an Institutionen übermittelt werden, die selbst über Personenidentifikatoren verfügen. In diesem Artikel veranschaulichen wir diese zentralen Herausforderungen und stellen entsprechende Lösungen anhand eines Praxisbeispiels vor, bei dem die Abrechnungsdaten von gesetzlichen Krankenkassen mit einem epidemiologischen Krebsregister verknüpft werden, um Informationen zur Todesursache zu erhalten. Wir beschreiben die für das Linkage notwendigen Genehmigungsverfahren, den Datenfluss zwischen den beteiligten Institutionen und erläutern die Gründe für den Datenfluss im Hinblick auf die wesentlichen Herausforderungen. Schließlich verallgemeinern wir die Fragen, die bei der Planung eines Linkage-Verfahrens zu klären sind und zeigen mögliche weitere Herausforderungen auf. Mit diesem praktischen Beispiel zeigen wir, dass ein Abgleich zwischen Routinedaten und anderen Datenquellen in Deutschland umsetzbar ist, dabei aber bestimmte Beschränkungen und Hindernisse berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy: Comparison of 16-Gauge versus 14-Gauge Needle and the Effect of Coaxial Guidance in 1065 Breast Biopsies – A Prospective Randomized Clinical Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Gruber Ines , Oberlechner Ernst , Heck Kerstin , Hoopmann Uta , Böer Bettina , Fugunt Regina , Gall Christian , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Helms Gisela , Hoffmann Sascha M. , Ott Claudia , Röhm Carmen , Stäbler Annette , Wallwiener Diethelm , Brucker Sara Y. , Hahn Markus
Published: December 2019

Purpose Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) is considered the standard assessment to diagnose sonographically visible suspicious breast mass lesions. Based on nonrandomized trials, the current German guidelines recommend at least three cylinders with ≤ 14-gauge needle biopsy. However, no recommendation is made as to how many specimens are needed with a smaller needle size, such as 16-gauge, or if biopsy with coaxial guidance improves diagnostic accuracy and quality. Therefore, in a prospective monocentric unblinded randomized controlled clinical noninferiority trial, the diagnostic accuracy of 16-gauge versus 14-gauge core needle biopsy, with and without coaxial guidance, was evaluated.

Materials and Methods 1065 breast biopsies were included in order to analyze the number of core samples necessary to obtain an appropriate rate of diagnostic quality adequate for histological evaluation, and to achieve high diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic yield. Histological results were verified by surgery or long-term follow-up of at least two years up to five years.

Results In order to obtain an additive diagnostic accuracy of > 99 %, a minimum of two cylinders with 14-gauge biopsy were required. The diagnostic accuracy and the diagnostic quality of 14-gauge biopsy were not affected by the coaxial technique. When performing a 16-gauge biopsy, five cylinders were required to achieve an additive diagnostic accuracy of > 99 %. Without coaxial guidance, 16-gauge CNB required at least three samples, whereas five needle passes with coaxial-guided 16-gauge biopsy were needed.

Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy and quality of ultrasound-guided 16-gauge core needle biopsy were inferior to the 14-gauge needle size, regardless of the use of a coaxial technique.
Vitamin D und Typ-2-Diabetes: Update 2019
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Holick Michael F.
Published: December 2019

Vitamin D spielt u. a. im Insulin- und Glukosestoffwechsel eine Rolle. Bereits ältere Studien weisen auf eine Korrelation hin zwischen niedrigem Vitamin-D-Spiegel und dem Risiko für metabolisches Syndrom sowie der Progression vom Prädiabetes zum manifesten Typ-2-Diabetes. Aktuelle Interventionsstudien und Metaanalysen weisen auf eine Assoziation hin zwischen Vitamin-D-Mangel und erhöhtem Risiko für das Auftreten von Insulinresistenz bzw. der Entwicklung eines Typ-2-Diabetes.

Die vorliegenden Daten legen nahe, dass Diabetiker hinsichtlich ihres Stoffwechsels bei Vitamin-D-Mangel besonders von einer Supplementierung profitieren. Bei Patienten mit Insulinresistenz sollte der 25(OH)-D-Status labordiagnostisch objektiviert und ggf. supplementiert werden.
Click Variations on the Synthesis of 2-Nitrophenyl-4-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles without Isolation of 2-Nitrophenyl Azides
Authors: Roux Amélie , Cisnetti Federico
Published: December 2019

We report a series of efficient procedures to prepare 2-nitrophenyl-4-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles avoiding the isolation of potentially hazardous 2-nitrophenyl azides. An organocatalyzed azide-enolate variant allows efficient access to the target compounds while it was shown that a metal-catalyzed azide-alkyne procedure involving a preliminary ­Sonogashira coupling was feasible starting from electron-deficient aryl iodides.
Job Satisfaction of U.A.E. Dental Practitioners
Authors: Al-Buainain Fajer S. , Alzarouni Asma A. , Alshamsi Hissa A. , Arab Arwa H. , Bader Fares , Awad Manal
Published: December 2019

Objective The study aims to analyze job satisfaction among registered clinical dentists in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and also to explore satisfaction with different work environmental factors and relate them to overall job satisfaction.

Materials and Methods A survey modified from the American Dental Association version of job satisfaction published in 2013 to 2014, was given to 197 licensed dentists in Dubai and Sharjah cities in the UAE. The questionnaire included four main sections, in addition to the demographic factors questions. All questions were answered using the 5-point Likert scale. The only exception was the comfortability in the working environment which was answered using a 3-point Likert scale.

Statistical Analysis Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages, and data were analyzed using means and standard deviations. Regression analysis was performed with overall job satisfaction as the dependent variable and seven aspects of satisfaction with work and individual characteristics as the independent variables. An α level of 0.05 was used for tests of statistical significance.

Results The overall job satisfaction of dentists working in the UAE is high compared with other countries. Highest satisfaction was related to the relationship with patients, colleagues, and staff. On the other hand, the least satisfaction was linked to the opportunity for part-time work and benefits package. There were no significant differences between male and female participants regarding all work-related factors apart from autonomy. However, private sector dentists had a higher level of satisfaction compared with the public sector in many work-related factors.

Conclusion There are various dimensions that collectively influence the level of overall job satisfaction. Difference existing between the levels of job satisfaction among private and public sector dentists and between male and female dentists need to be addressed to increase the level of job satisfaction among UAE dentists and thus improve all dental care system.
Influence of Different Pigment Incorporation Methods on Color, Dimensional Stability, and Detail Reproduction of Silicones
Authors: Nobrega Adhara Smith , Malavazi Estefania Marrega , Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes , Ervolino Isabela Caroline de Sousa , Bannwart Lisiane Cristina , Bertoz André Pinheiro de Magalhães , Goiato Marcelo Coelho
Published: December 2019

Objective To analyze the influence of three pigment incorporation methods on color change, dimensional stability, and detail reproduction of the MDX4–4210 and A-2186 silicones.

Materials and Methods The A-2186 and MDX4–4210 silicones were used for preparation of samples, with the incorporation of bronze, black and pink pigments, usingconventional, mechanical, and industrial incorporation methods. Samples were submitted to the initial readings of color (n = 10; 22-mm diameter × 2-mm thickness), detail reproduction, and dimensional stability (n = 10; 30-mm diameter × 3-mm thickness). Readings were also taken at the end of 252, 504 and 1,008 hours of aging cycles.

Results Quantitative data were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey test, with a level of significance of 5%. The mechanical and industrial methods caused smaller color changes of all samples compared with the conventional method (p < 0.05). In most cases, the mechanical and industrial methods caused less samples’ contraction than the conventional method after aging (p < 0.05). The color change values increased progressively in each aging period for all samples (p < 0.05). The contraction values increased progressively in each aging period for all samples (p < 0.05). In the qualitative analysis of detail reproduction, all samples presented full reproduction of the three grooves, with accurate angles, initially and after the aging periods.

Conclusions The industrial and mechanical methods showed the best results for color and dimensional stability. Despite the statistical differences, all pigment incorporation methods generated acceptable dimensional and color changes of the MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones, regardless of the pigment and aging. In addition, the detail reproduction was satisfactory after aging periods in all cases of this study, showing the excellent quality of the A-2186 and MDX4–4210 silicones.
Long-Term Outcomes of Digital Nerve Repair Accompanied by Digital Artery Injury in Flexor Zone 2
Authors: Yildiran Gokce , Sutcu Mustafa , Akdag Osman , Tosun Zekeriya
Published: December 2019

Objectives Better healing results of any tissue or area is closely linked with a well-blood supply in reconstructive surgery. Peripheric nerve healing is closely related to blood supply as well. We aimed to assess whether there was any difference between digital nerve healing with and without extrinsic blood supply.

Methods We assessed 48 patients with unilateral digital nerve injury at zone 2. Twenty-four of them had unrepairable arterial injury and other 24 had no arterial injury. The 24 patients in the “unrepaired artery group” (UA) and 24 patients in the “intact artery group” (IA) were compared.

Results Mean follow-up time was 17.7 months. The mean two-point discrimination (2PD) was 5.29 mm in IA group and 5.37 mm in UA group. One neuroma in IA group and two neuromas in UA group were determined. We found no statistically significant difference between these groups in terms of neuroma, 2PD, and cold intolerance. The results of British Medical Research Council sensory recovery clinical scale were comparable for these two groups.

Conclusion Digital nerve healing is related to numerous factors. We hypothesized that blood flow may be one of these factors; however, at this zone digital artery repair is not the foremost determinant for digital nerve healing. Further researches should be done for upper injury levels. Despite this result, we argue not to leave the digital artery without repairment and we propose to repair both artery and nerve to achieve the normal anatomical integrity and to warrant finger blood flow in possible future injuries.
Kinetic Bohm criterion in the Tonks-Langmuir model: Assumption or theorem?
Authors: Benilov M. S. , Almeida N. A.
Published: December 2019

New first integral is found in the collision-free Tonks-Langmuir model. The integral has a clear physical interpretation: the weighted mean inverse kinetic energy of ions, evaluated in the quasineutral approximation, equals (kTe/2)−1 at all points in space. This feature is also present in the full (not relying on the assumption of quasineutrality) model: for small values of the Debye length, the weighted mean inverse kinetic energy is with good accuracy equal to (kTe/2)−1 in the entire region of quasineutral plasma, including in the vicinity of the space-charge sheath. These results constitute a mathematical proof of the kinetic Bohm criterion and provide a new look at the problem, which has been discussed for several decades. In particular, these results show that the much-debated problem of divergence for slow ions stems from a misinterpretation. Moreover, these results explain why no unique form of kinetic Bohm criterion, modified with the account of ionization and/or collisional and/or geometrical effects in the sheath, has emerged: it cannot be postulated in a nonarbitrary way since there is simply no definite value of the inverse mean kinetic energy with which the ions enter the sheath, if these effects are non-negligible.
A novel spatial-temporal prediction method for unsteady wake flows based on hybrid deep neural network
Authors: Han Renkun , Wang Yixing , Zhang Yang , Chen Gang
Published: December 2019

A fast and accurate prediction method of unsteady flow is a challenge in fluid dynamics due to the high-dimensional and nonlinear dynamic behavior. A novel hybrid deep neural network (DNN) architecture was designed to capture the spatial-temporal features of unsteady flows directly from high-dimensional numerical unsteady flow field data. The hybrid DNN is constituted by the convolutional neural network, convolutional long short term memory neural network, and deconvolutional neural network. The unsteady wake flow around a cylinder at various Reynolds numbers and an airfoil at a higher Reynolds number are calculated to establish the datasets as training samples of the hybrid DNN. The trained hybrid DNNs were then tested by predicting the unsteady flow fields in future time steps. The predicted flow fields using the trained hybrid DNN are in good agreement with those calculated directly by a computational fluid dynamic solver.
Deducing rotational quantum-state distributions from overlapping molecular spectra
Authors: Voráč Jan , Kusýn Lukáš , Synek Petr
Published: December 2019

A novel method for fast and robust calculation of Boltzmann plots from molecular spectra is presented. Its use is demonstrated on the OH(A-X) spectrum near 310 nm. A limitation of the method is identified: for overlapping spectra of the OH(A-X) and N2(C-B, Δv = 1) band sequence, the calculation may often fail due to insufficient number of measured points. This is solved by introducing experimentally determined bounds for the N2(C) rotational distribution. Three cases are presented: (i) with undisturbed OH(A-X) emission, (ii) with strong emission of N2(C-B) in the said spectral range, and (iii) with weak but not negligible nitrogen emission. In case (ii), the data in the spectral range 306–320 nm are sufficient for the analysis. In case (iii), information from another spectral range with undisturbed N2(C-B) emission is necessary. These illustrate all relevant cases often encountered in laboratory plasmas. The calculated Boltzmann plots are not further analyzed in this article but can be used for development and validation of kinetic models with rotational resolution. The implementation of the reported method using the massiveOES software package written in the Python language is available in the supplementary material.