bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memória e patrimônio imaterial no Médio Piracicaba, Minas Gerais
Authors: Sousa Raimundo Expeditos Dos Santos
Published: February 2016

Nas últimas décadas, o revigoramento do interesse pelo passado implica o investimento discursivo na memória, depositária do afã pela retenção da experiência histórica, esvaziada de sentido frente à vertiginosa obsolescência que notabiliza a sociedade contemporânea. Contudo, uma vez que a “memória oficial”, assentada no dilema entre a lembrança e o recalque, possui caráter excludente, tornam-se politicamente significativas memórias disjuntivas como as manifestações populares, capazes de apresentar formas contra-hegemônicas de articulação identitária. Nesse diapasão, este trabalho concebe a imaterialidade como necessário alargamento do conceito de patrimônio, uma vez que democratiza a participação de diferentes estratos sociais na organização da cultura. Assim, este trabalho procede a um estudo em torno do patrimônio intangível, com enfoque em três manifestações culturais peculiares à microrregião do Médio Piracicaba, Minas Gerais, que denomino o linguajar dos sinos, o dialeto do macaco e o ouro vermelho.
Fotografia, memória e patrimônio industrial: para saber do Frigorífico Anglo de Pelotas/Brasil e de Fray Bentos/Uruguai
Authors: Michelon Francisca Ferreira , Cruz Ubirajara Buddin
Published: February 2016

Apresentam-se resultados, discussão e conclusões parciais advindas do desenvolvimento de dois anos do projeto título deste relatório, bem como a relação e continuidade em outro projeto em andamento, desenvolvido como pesquisa de mestrado.  Ambos, imbricados no mesmo campo de observação, discutem relações entre as memórias de ex-trabalhadores e a identificação dos setores de trabalho da extinta unidade fabril em Pelotas, em um estudo comparativo com o caso da unidade fabril de Fray Bentos, hoje já declarada pela UNESCO como patrimônio cultural da humanidade, na categoria Paisagem Cultural. O estudo comparativo permitiu observar o processo de patrimonialização das duas fábricas e a trajetória de diluição dos referenciais memoriais na unidade brasileira. Ainda, considera-se o emprego da fotografia como recurso para apreensão de vestígios aplicáveis as duas categorias fundamentais ao trabalho: memória social e patrimônio industrial e como recurso para apreender os vestígios de um urbano preterido em prol da vida citadina não fabril. Por fim, o relatório registra a trajetória do Frigorífico Anglo de Pelotas e a sua conversão de unidade fabril para patrimônio industrial, ressalta-o como protagonista de uma paisagem urbana que se moldou à sua presença e se propõe a refletir sobre a cidade operária que se desvela pela memória dos ex-trabalhadores. É um estudo que se desenvolve a partir de duas categorias de análise: memória social e patrimônio industrial.
A dualidade memória/esquecimento: materialização de subjetividades no espaço urbano de Santo Amaro – BA
Authors: Carmo Roney Gusmao
Published: February 2016

O presente texto é produto de resultados parciais de pesquisas que temos desenvolvido acerca de subjetividades diluídas no espaço urbano de Santo Amaro da Purificação (Bahia). A pesquisa tem sido norteada pelo desejo de problematizar a forma como os sujeitos tratam o passado empirizado na espacialidade, principalmente por meio da dualidade memória/esquecimento que compõe identidades negociadas no curso da história. Desta feita, para proceder esta pesquisa foram realizadas entrevistas, questionários e visitas a campo, com intuito de perceber subjetividades e racionalidades mediadoras dos vínculos sociais com a urbe. Como resultado, foi possível constatar que a reconstrução do passado ocorre mediante estratégias compensatórias de sublimação, que encontram a arte e a religiosidade como ambientes de refúgios ao desamparo contido na história.
Digitally Preserving Potter
Authors: Atkinson Sarah
Published: February 2016

Through an analysis of the SP-ARK archive and the archival structure developed by the DEEP FILM Access Project (DFAP), which was a collaboration among film researchers, computer scientists, archival institutions, and a film production company, this essay explores the dailiness and feminization of filmmaking and film archival practices, which have been made visible through digital methodologies.
Effects of Repetition on Attention in Two-Part Counterpoint
Authors: Taher Cecilia , Rusch René , McAdams Stephen
Published: February 2016

Repetition and novelty are essential components of tonal music. Previous research suggests that the degree of repetitiveness of a line can determine its relative melodicity within a musical texture. Concordantly, musical accompaniments tend to be highly repetitive, probably facilitating listeners’ tendency to focus on and follow the melodic lines they support. With the aim of contributing to the unexplored area of the relationship between repetition and attention in polyphonic music listening, this paper presents an empirical investigation of the way listeners attend to exact and immediate reiterations of musical fragments in two-part contrapuntal textures. Participants heard original excerpts composed of a repetitive and a nonrepetitive part, continuously rating the relative prominence of the two voices. The results indicate that the line that consists of immediate and exact repetitions of a short musical fragment tends to perceptually decrease in salience for the listener. This suggests that musical repetition plays a significant role in dynamically shaping listeners’ perceptions of musical texture by affecting the relative perceived importance of simultaneous parts.
Real-Time Probing of Modulations in South Indian Classical (Carnātic) Music by Indian and Western Musicians
Authors: Raman Rachna , Dowling W. Jay
Published: February 2016

We used Toiviainen and Krumhansl’s (2003) concurrent probe-tone technique to track Indian and Western musicians’ tonal-hierarchy profiles through modulations in Carnātic (South Indian classical) music. Changes of mode (rāgam) are particularly interesting in Carnātic music because of the large number of modes (more than 300) in its tonal system. We first had musicians generate profiles to establish a baseline for each of four rāgams in isolation. Then we obtained dynamic profiles of two modulating excerpts, each of which incorporated two of the four baseline rāgams. The two excerpts used the two techniques of modulation in Carnātic music: grahabēdham (analogous to a Western shift from C major to A minor), and rāgamālikā (analogous to a shift from C major to C minor). We assessed listeners’ tracking of the modulations by plotting the correlations of their response profiles with the baseline profiles. In general, the correlation to the original rāgam declined and the correlation to the new rāgam increased with the modulation, and then followed the reverse pattern when the original rāgam returned. Westerners’ responses matched those of the Indians on rāgams with structures similar to Western scales, but differed when rāgams were less familiar, and surprisingly, they registered the shifts more strongly than Indian musicians. These findings converged with previous research in identifying three types of cues: 1) culture-specific cues—schematic and veridical knowledge—employed by Indians, 2) tone-distribution cues—duration and frequency of note occurrence—employed by both Indians and Westerners, and 3) transference of schematic knowledge of Western music by Western participants.
Phylogenetic Relationship ofEchinochloaSpecies Based on Simple Sequence Repeat and Phenotypic Marker Analyses
Authors: Lee Eun-Jung , Nah Gyoungju , Yook Min-Jung , Lim Soo-Hyun , Park Tae-Sun , Lee DoKyoung , Kim Do-Soon
Published: February 2016

Echinochloaspecies are among the most troublesome weeds in rice cultivation, and grow in a broad habitat range in Korea. Although various ecotypes ofEchinochloahave been collected as germplasm for future studies, it has been difficult to classify them due to their high level of morphological similarity. This study was thus conducted to develop and investigate the phylogenetic relationships between 77Echinochloaaccessions with the use of 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 24 morphological traits. Of 77Echinochloaaccessions, including 57 accessions from Korea and 5 reference species, late watergrass was clearly clustered as a distinctive group from barnyardgrass and otherEchinochloaspecies. In this analysis, we also identified core genetic and morphological markers that can be used for the future identification and classification ofEchinochloaspecies. Five out of 23 SSR makers produced distinctive bands that discriminate late watergrass from barnyardgrass and otherEchinochloaspecies. Four morphological traits of the reproductive organs were the most influential contributors for classifyingEchinochloaspecies. Although there was no clear consensus generated in this study between SSR markers and morphological trait analyses, our results support the potential use of the selected SSR markers and morphological traits in future studies ofEchinochloa.
Integrating Cereals and Deep Tillage with Herbicide Programs in Glyphosate- and Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean for Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth Management
Authors: Bell Holden D. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Scott Robert C.
Published: February 2016

A field experiment was conducted at Marianna, AR in 2012 and 2013 to test various combinations of (1) soybean production systems: full-season tillage (rye plus deep tillage using a moldboard plow), full season (no rye plus no tillage), late-season tillage (wheat plus deep tillage), and late season (no wheat plus no tillage); (2) soybean cultivars: glufosinate or glyphosate resistant; and (3) four herbicide programs for management of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. At soybean harvest, Palmer amaranth control was 95 to 100% when flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone was applied PRE. In both years full-season tillage and late-season tillage systems in combination with flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone applied PRE increased Palmer amaranth control over the same systems in the absence of flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone applied PRE. The addition of deep tillage in the form of a moldboard plow to the full-season and late-season systems reduced Palmer amaranth densities at harvest. Similarly, Palmer amaranth seed production was often lower in the full-season tillage and late-season tillage systems compared with the full-season and late-season no-tillage systems, regardless of soybean cultivar and herbicide programs. Overall, the use of deep tillage in the full-season or late-season systems in combination with a PRE application of flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone provided greater control of Palmer amaranth, decreasing both density and seed production and increasing soybean grain yields.
Strength reduction of till under dynamic pore pressure condition
Authors: Harley R. , Sivakumar V. , Hughes D. , Donohue S.
Published: February 2016

Cuttings in heavily overconsolidated clays are known to be susceptible to progressive deformation caused by creep and fatigue that usually begins at the toe of the slope. The progressive deformation leads to strength reduction with time at constant stress (or called softening) and could be accelerated by fluctuation of groundwater level associated with more extreme rainfall events predicted through climate change. The purpose of this paper is to assess the mechanism of progressive deformation due to creep and fatigue using element testing on samples of till. The samples were subjected to fully drained loading and the deviator stresses were held constant at various percentages of peak failure stress, while the pore water pressure was kept static or dynamic (fluctuating ±5 kPa) over a period of time. The results have shown that the samples experienced significant deformation even at a higher factor of safety (i.e. the failure deviator stress/deviator stress at which the pore water pressure was fluctuated) under pore water pressure dynamics.
OT student's experiences of stress and coping
Authors: Govender Pragashnie , Mkhabela Simangele , Hlongwane Mbali , Jali Kimara , Jetha Chetna
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND: It is well known that tertiary education is highly stressful for students, particularly in the medical and health science fields. Studies have indicated that occupational therapy students are no exception, experiencing stressors in many areas of their life. OBJECTIVE: This study explored the sources of stress & coping mechanisms employed by all levels of undergraduate occupational therapy students within a four-year degree programme at a tertiary institution in South Africa, more specifically to determine the types and frequency of stressors and coping styles employed. METHOD: A descriptive survey design was utilised using a demographic and stress survey and a standardised coping questionnaire. 101 undergraduate students enrolled for the year under review were selected via saturation sampling of which 99 formed the sample. Participants ranged between 17-28 years of age, the majority of which were English speaking females. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Amongst first year students, personal stressors were the most significant overall stressor whereas academic stressors were the most highly ranked stressors in the second to fourth year students. Both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping was utilised by students. The results of this study provide a snapshot of a cohort of students' experience of stress and the coping mechanisms employed. This may be a starting point for student support services in identifying the presence of stressors and types of coping in order to explore more deeply the consequences of this on students' overall well-being and performance. Key words: stress, coping, students, occupational therapy, health science students
Combined Atherosclerotic Lesions of Cerebral and Coronary Blood Vessels: Risk Factors
Authors: Bilyutin-Aslanyan Robert Vladimirovich , Vasiliev Andrei Glebovich , Rodichkin Pavel Vasil’yevich , Trashkov Aleksandr Petrovich , Khaytsev Nikolay Valentinovich
Published: February 2016

Data is presented specifying the extent of influence of traditional and novel (C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, intima-media complex (IMC)) risk-factors of atherosclerotic lesions upon cerebral blood vessels in case of isolated variant vs. combined lesions of coronary and cerebral blood vessels. The role of CRP and fibrinogen as atherosclerotic process development markers is discussed. The most significant risk factors of combined and isolated atherosclerotic lesions of coronary and cerebral blood vessels are discussed important for understanding of this pathology ethiology and pathogenesis. Pathogenetic interrelation of cerebral and cardiac pathology is specified manifesting itself by mutual aggravation in case of atherosclerotic process. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of cerebral and coronary blood vessels’ atherosclerotic lesions are common, hence the risk factors are also analogous, however their import is not identical in case of isolated and combined variants and this feature should be taken into account while working out the approach to this ailment treatment and prophylaxis. Atherosclerotic lesions of arteries from various vascular basins alongside with common pathophysiologic mechanisms also possess a score of peculiarities that predetermine different approaches to their treatment and prophylaxis. Separate risk factors determine predominant localization of pathologic process in certain vascular basins thus identification of isolated and combined coronary and cerebral principal blood vessels atherosclerotic lesions’ risk factors is a subject of profound studies. Thus working out new approaches to cerebrovascular ailments risk prognosis on the basis of cardiovascular ailments risk factors as well as existing prophylactic measures monitoring is actual for contemporary medicine.
For the 75th anniversary of Yuri Aleksandrovich Gurkin
Authors: Kutusheva Galiya Fettyakhovna
Published: February 2016

Professor J. A. Gurkin was born on December, 22nd, 1939. The medical profession Y. A. Gurkin is defined by its commitment to pediatric gynecology, where he spent 49 years. His work is diverse. He has extensive teaching experience, a wealth of medical experience, diverse interests. And the whole experience he gladly passes around.
Clinical characteristics of ectopic pregnancy in adolescents
Authors: Anufrienko Elina Georgievna , Kokhreidze Nadezda Anatolyevna
Published: February 2016

The ectopic pregnancy is one of the main problems of obstetrics and gynecology because it is the leading cause of the maternal death in the first trimester of pregnancy. The frequency of ectopic pregnancy all over the world has a tendency to the steady height and according to data of epidemiology researches is about 1.2-1.4% in relation to the incurrence of pregnancies in the industrially developed countries nowadays. The problem of ectopic pregnancy in women of reproductive age is well studied, but it is known little about the features of ectopic pregnancy in adolescents. The gynecologists are oriented exceptionally on rules and standards which were made for the adults nowadays. The aim of this work was to study clinical and diagnostic features and the ends of the ectopic pregnancy in teens. The present research provides analysis of medical histories of 39 adolescents with ectopic pregnancy. It has been shown that the proportion of patients with the ectopic pregnancy was 3 % of total amount of teens which were hospitalized due to complications of pregnancy (1300 patients). The preferential localization of the ectopic pregnancy was the fallopian tube (97,4 %). Patients were presented to the hospital with the symptoms of the ruptured tubal pregnancy in almost all the cases (92,3 %). The aethiology of the ectopic pregnancy by clinical and histological data in half of the patients (56,4 %) was the infectious agent. The invincibility to perform the surgical intervention in the volume of tubectomy arised in almost half of the cases (45,7 %).
Clinical and psychological characteristics motives of drug use by adolescents
Authors: Grechanyi Severin Vyacheslavovich
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship addictive motives, clinical-dynamic characteristics of conduct disorders and adaptation of personality in substance harmful using adolescents. Were studied 293 adolescents with a diagnosis of «Conduct disorder» and comorbid diagnoses «Harmful substance use» (mean age - 15,3 ± 0,1 years). Patients were divided into 4 groups. 1 subgroup comprised 89 patients with comorbid diagnosis of «Harmful opioid use». 2 subgroup comprised 95 patients with comorbid diagnosis of «Harmful inhalant use». 3 subgroup comprised 57 patients with comorbid diagnosis of «Drinking alcohol with harmful consequences». 4 subgroup consisted of 52 patients with comorbid diagnosis of «Harmful stimulant use». Results of the study revealed two groups of patients: patients with motives correction of negative emotional states (CE) and patients with the motives of stimulation emotionally positive state (SE). For patients with motives SE was characterized by the predominance of symptoms antisocial personality, conduct disorders, more expressions of social and legal consequences of substance use and quantity of comorbid alcohol use. Patients with motives CE marked predominance of symptoms of hyperkinetic conduct disorder and organic affective disorders, big quantitative severity of substance use when expressed psychopathology and health consequences. Patients with motives SE compared with patients with motives CE show a more favorable profile protective coping behavior associated with less use of immature and nonadaptive psychological defense mechanisms («regression», «replacement») and non-constructive types of coping («distancing», «self-control», «escape-avoidance»).
Horácio, Odes, I.37. Apresentação e tradução
Authors: Da Silva Moreira Daniel
Published: February 2016

O presente texto propõe uma nova tradução versiﬁcada da ode I.37, do poeta romano Horácio (65 a.C. – 8 a.C.). Precede-o uma breve contextualização do evento histórico evocado pelo poema, a batalha de Ácio (Actium) – travada em 2 de setembro de 31 a.C. no mar Jônico, próximo à cidade de Ácio, na província romana da Macedônia –, algumas notas que, baseadas em bibliograﬁa atualizada sobre o tema, tratam sobre as estratégias discursivas escolhidas pelo poeta para representar, ou omitir, os personagens envolvidos na batalha, e, ﬁnalmente, algumas considerações, ainda que o mais sucintas possível, sobre a tradução da estrofe alcaica.
Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Schwartz Randall S ,   Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellow, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, US, Glassberg Marilyn ,   Director, Interstitial Lung Disease Program, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, US,   Director, Pulmonary Diseases at Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, US,   Professor of Medicine, Surgery, and Pediatrics, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, US,   Vice-Chairman of Medicine for Diversity and Innovation, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, US
Published: February 2016

Current management of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) requires attention to the exclusion of other causes of interstitial lung disease and either a definitive pattern on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) or a suggestive HRCT plus surgical lung biopsy. The main differential considerations include chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTILD). Treatment includes smoking cessation, anti-reflux therapy, and the therapeutic option of one of two recently approved drugs, pirfenidone or nintedanib. IPF remains a deadly disease despite these drugs; thus the greatest emphasis should be on exclusion of alternative, potentially favorable diagnoses, continued option for enrollment in ongoing clinical trials, and, for eligible patients, early lung transplant evaluation.
Respiratory Care of the Morbidly Obese Patient
Authors: Davies John D ,   Clinical Research Coordinator, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, US
Published: February 2016

The prevalence of obesity has been on the rise for the past couple of decades. Although the prevalence has stabilized, it remains quite high. Morbidly obese patients pose many challenges for the clinician. These patients have altered respiratory mechanics and lung volumes that combined with excessive adipose tissue surrounding the thorax and in the airway, affect how clinicians need to approach the situation in terms of both mechanical ventilation and airway management. In particular, with the advent of “lung-protective” ventilation, clinicians need to be aware of what the ventilating pressures are doing (or not doing) in these altered clinical scenarios.
Igualdade de xénero e didáctica das linguas. Aproximación ás tarefas comunicativas desde a lingüística sociodiscursiva
Authors: Basanta Noemí
Published: February 2016

No presente artigo estabelecemos unha comparativa entre a evolución que experimentou a didáctica das linguas e a aparición dos enfoques sociodiscursivos no marco da lingüística xeral. Consideramos que as novas correntes teóricas que analizaron a importancia dos factores sociais e culturais na codificación das linguas non alcanzaron todo o seu potencial de influxo no ensino. Neste sentido, destacaremos a importancia de incorporar nas aulas unha reflexión significativa sobre o sexismo lingüístico coa finalidade de que o alumnado comprenda a vinculación entre a lingua cotiá e a reprodución das desigualdades sociais. Para tal fin, analizaremos dúas sesións de debate realizadas en dous grupos de ensino medio e bacharelato que dan boa conta de como as discusións sobre a depuración lingüística serven non só para mellorar certas competencias comunicativas como a capacidade argumentativa, senón tamén para visibilizar problemáticas sociais vinculadas, neste caso, ao xénero. Desta maneira, non só conseguiremos transmitir ao alumnado unha visión das linguas que vaia máis aló da gramática senón que tamén poderemos traballar mediante metodoloxías que se afastan da didáctica tradicional a coeducación en valores.
Systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio in active psoriasis: bridging an apparent paradox
Authors: Saxena Rahul , Suneja Shilpa , Saxena Raj , Sharma Dilutpal , Milton Lal Alok
Published: February 2016

Background: Psoriasis is characterized by systemic increase of inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, increased incidence of dyslipidemia in dermatological disorders is also in alarming phase. It is conceivable that association of inflammation, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia enhances the future the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in psoriasis patients. The main of the study is to estimate the marker of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, plasma lipid profile and apolipoprotein levels in psoriasis patients and to determine their role in predicting CVD risk in psoriasis.

Methods: The study population consist of subjects categorized into two groups; Group I: Healthy controls and Group II: Psoriasis patients (n= 25 in each group). Erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile along with apolipoprotein B and A1 were measured and statistically analyzed using standard methods.

Results: Plasma CRP, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and MDA levels were significantly high (p<0.05) in patient group as compared to healthy controls. HDL-cholesterol levels were altered insignificantly (p<0.1) in patient group. Plasma Apo B/Apo A1 ratio were increased significantly (p<0.01) in patient groups as compared to controls.

Conclusions: Thus, enhanced inflammation, oxidative stress along with increase in Apo B, A1 and its ratio authenticates the fact that these markers are more efficient in prediction of CVD risk in psoriasis patients than conventional lipid profile parameters.
Nivel de funcionalidad de familias con niños de 3 a 6 años, habitantes de una localidad de Bogotá, 2013
Authors: Valle B. Ruth
Published: February 2016

El presente estudio cuantitativo con enfoque descriptivo y transversal muestra los resultados de la segunda etapa de la investigación Funcionalidad de familias con niños de 3 a 6 años estudiantes de colegios de Bogotá D.C. 2013, realizada con características similares a la primera etapa del estudio (1), con el fin de identificar la funcionalidad de familias con niños de 3 a 6 años estudiantes de la localidad de Usaquén. La investigación determinó el nivel de funcionalidad familiar de una muestra de 75 familias con niños de 3 a 6 años estudiantes de una entidad educativa de nivel preescolar y residentes de una localidad de Bogotá D.C. Esta clasificación se basa en la aplicación de la Escala de Efectividad de la Funcionalidad Familiar ASF-E, que hace parte de la teoría de organización sistémica de Marie Luise Friedemann. En esta segunda etapa de la investigación se pudo establecer que el nivel de funcionalidad total alcanzado fue alto (65%), dato que coincide con el obtenido por las familias que participaron en la primera etapa. Se concluyó entonces que las familias participantes en la investigación en ambas etapas del estudio presentan alta efectividad familiar, resultados que pueden estar relacionados con similitudes en aspectos como tipo de conformación, estructura, organización, dinámica, así como medio donde habitan y se desarrollan
Water and Energy Nexus: Who and How to Persuade? Analysis of Strategies for Emerging Leaders in Lao PDR to Achieve Integrated Urban Wastewater Management
Authors: Mixap Bounthavivanh
Published: February 2016

The paper demonstrates the need for collaboration and coordination between the water and energy sectors in urban wastewater management in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). The realisation of this need for collaboration alone is not enough. It needs the individual champions to turn this realisation into action. Using qualitative research methodology, this paper provides emerging leaders in Lao PDR with strategies they could use in moving from the ‘information and ideas’ stage to ‘implementation and action’ stage. Out of the six strategies, most relevant to help emerging leaders in Lao PDR achieve water and energy sectors collaboration and coordination in managing urban wastewater; the top three key strategies are strategic networking, communicating, and taking action. Having technical capabilities is important but does not make a complete leader. For change to be achieved, a combination of technical and persuasion skills is required. In Lao PDR, the interviews highlight that a leader with good interpersonal skills has persuasive power and that the context is crucial in the process of influence. Context determines which strategies to use and when and how to use them. The paper has shown that even though the strategic framework developed was drawn from western case studies, its practicality is relevant in the non‐western context. The findings contributed to an identification of relevant strategies for emerging leaders who wish to advance integrated and more sustainable forms of wastewater management in Lao PDR.
Current Practices of Animal Farming, Community Habits and Water Scarcity: A Different Approach for the Global Water Issues
Authors: Gallardo Veronica
Published: February 2016

In 2015, the United Nations reported that around 70% of water used by humans was allocated to agriculture, which, due to the extensive and inappropriate practices, constitutes one of the main causes of nature depletion, deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution.

Animal farming is considered to be one of the most demanding industries in terms of land, water, supplementary food, and other resources. Studies have demonstrated that the volume of water necessary to produce vegetables is far less than that required to produce meat. For example, a kilogram of vegetables can be grown with just 2% of the water required for a kilogram of beef, or 7% of that required for a kilogram of chicken (Mekonnen and Hoeskstra 2012). Livestock constitutes an environmentally expensive industry. A change in the matrix of production would be driven by the consumer's preference to consume plant‐based food products over animal‐based food products. This would alleviate the pressure exerted by human activity on land and aquatic ecosystems.

Consumers' food preferences are subject to a large number of variables, including historical, social, and educational influences. The consumption of plant‐based food is associated with weakness, poverty (largely in developing countries), lack of taste, disease, or even luxury (mainly in developed countries). Consequently, there is a tendency to reject the idea of adopting plant‐based diets.

In this study, it was found that it is possible to implement substantial change in the current models of food production, which are focused on animal farming practices, to tackle world's water issues by supporting behavioural change processes that influence food choices in consumers in favour of more sustainable ones.

In addition, it was found that despite the cultural challenges, it is possible to stimulate a transformation of the production lines. In doing so, this transformation would support economic development and cultural plasticity.
Active Cytotoxic Compounds and Essential Oil from Bougainvillea Alba
Authors: EL-Deeb AbdEl-nabi E. , Abdel-Aleem Ibrahim M. , El-Amin Samir M. , Refahy Laila A. , El-Shazly Maha A.
Published: February 2016

Chemical analysis of methanol extract of flowers and leaves of Bougainvillea alba led to isolation of four compounds identified as 3’, 4’, 6 - trimethoxy, 5 – hydroxyl 7-prenyl 3-O- (feruloyl (1→2) - rhamnpyranosyl) flavone[1], 3-O β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3”) β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3”’) α-L–xylopyrenoside [2], Lepidolide [3], E feruloyl 3-O- Coumaroyl α-L Rhamnopyranoside [4]. In addition, two oil fractions, the major identified components of oil are Elemene, Lanceol , Nerolidol , Methyl palmitate and Abietatriene. Cytotoxic activity of methanol extract of both leaves and flowers of Bougainvillea alba, isolated compounds and oil fractions were determined using the SRB Assay on human tumor cell line (Hepatocyte generation 2, HepG2). The isolated compounds showed cytotoxic activity at LC50 15.2, 17.2, 15.6 and 2.82 μg/ml for compound 1,2, 3 and 4 respectively, while the two oil fraction showed activity at 2.67 μg/ml.
Cabo Verde: de un “estado inviable” al pragmatismo en la política exterior
Authors: Madeira João Paulo
Published: February 2016

El artículo busca entender de forma sincrónica las líneas fundamentales de la política exterior de Cabo Verde y sus reflejos en las relaciones internacionales, desde el período de la independencia hasta la actualidad. La perspectiva central es que la independencia en 1975 representó para el Estado de Cabo Verde una nueva era aunque se tenía la idea de un Estado inviable. La estrategia para superar esta situación sería a través de una participación activa en las relaciones internacionales, en particular una política exterior pragmática que encajaba dentro de un marco de consulta e interacción con otros Estados. Mediante un enfoque interdisciplinario e interpretativo, se busca analizar los fenómenos sociales-internacionales de la política exterior caboverdiana, sabiendo que ambos se encuentran relacionados tanto en el campo de la historia y la sociología como en el campo de las ciencias políticas y relaciones internacionales. Se proponen nuevos desafíos para la política exterior de Cabo Verde, en una economía internacional sacudida por la crisis financiera, una apuesta por una mayor integración regional en el continente africano, aprovechando estratégicamente el continente como una nueva frontera de desarrollo.
El derecho a la educación: Un análisis a partir de la política educative de las dos últimas décadas en México
Authors: Horbath Jorge , Gracia María Amalia
Published: February 2016

El derecho a la educación se encuentra entre los principales derechos sociales; sus estándares, cumplimientos y exigibilidades se enmarcan en las agendas públicas de los países que se diferencian por los enfoques y prioridades de los actores que en ella intervienen y se plasman en la política educativa y en la proporción presupuestal a ella asignada. Aun si en México se ha tratado de responder a dicha demanda social,  el cumplimiento de este derecho fundamental se ha ido diluyendo lo cual es evidente en la revisión de las reformas educativas recientes que distan mucho de ser una salida real a un problema que se traduce en mayores desventajas educativas para las regiones y comunidades rurales. El artículo muestra la relación que existe entre el Estado y el derecho a la educación y su limitado cumplimiento, exponiendo los elementos centrales de la reciente reforma educativa y contrastando la composición de la política y los programas educativos con sus fórmulas de distribución presupuestal, las cuales se muestran insuficientes para alcanzar a solucionar un problema de tipo estructural.
Pluralisme Agama dan Dialog Teologi
Authors: Wardani Wardani
Published: February 2016

Kemajemukan dalam beragama merupakan kenyataan yang di satu sisi merupakan anugerah Tuhan, namun di sisi lain, karena disikapi secara keliru, juga sering menyebabkan konflik, sebagaimana yang terjadi di Ambon di awal tahun 1999. Akar dari konflik tersebut, di samping kemungkinan disebabkan faktor sosial dan politik, juga tidak pelak lagi adalah karena ari klaim kebenaran masing-masing penganut agama. Artikel ini menjelaskan problem pluralisme agama dan kemungkinan solusi terhadap konflik yang ditimbulkan oleh keragaman tersebut. Solusi yang sering ditawarkan adalah dialog pada tataran teologis. Artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa dialog teologis adalah tawaran elitis, karena persoalan keselamatan sulit untuk dipertemukan seiring dengan kuatnya klaim kebenaran. Tawaran yang realistis adalah dialog pada tingkat etis, yaitu respon bersama umat beragama terhadap isu-isu etis di sekeliling mereka, seperti isu etis di balik kerusakan lingkungan dan bagaimana etika agama mengatasinya. Tawaran lain dalam menghadapi keragaman agama adalah perspektif filsafat perennial tentang kesatuan transendental agama-agama pada tingkat esoteris. Namun, tawaran ini, sama halnya dengan dialog teologis, hanya menyentuh kalangan elitis. Alasan terpenting tentang tidak mungkinnya dialog teologis dan kesatuan agama-agama, serta ini sekaligus menjadi solusi keragaman itu adalah perlunya kita menyadari bahwa agama memiliki dimensi yang absolut (kebenaran teologis) dan yang relatif (interpretasi dan penerapan yang tergantung dengan berbagai konteks). Inklusivitas sangat terkait dengan dimensi terakhir.Kata-kunci: pluralisme, dialog teologis, absolusitas, relativitas, filsafat perennial, klaim kebenaran
Effects of a 12-Week Mindfulness, Compassion, and Loving Kindness Program on Chronic Depression: A Pilot Within-Subjects Wait-List Controlled Trial
Authors: Graser Johannes , Höfling Volkmar , Weβlau Charlotte , Mendes Adriana , Stangier Ulrich
Published: February 2016

In this pilot study,N= 11 patients suffering from chronic depression were treated in a 12-week group program consisting of basic mindfulness exercises from Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and compassion exercises from Compassion Focused Therapy and Loving Kindness Meditation. In a 3-month waiting period prior to treatment, depression symptoms both in self-report and clinician rating did not change significantly. After treatment, depression severity was significantly reduced. After a 3-month follow-up, the symptoms further improved, with almost large effect sizes being observed in primary outcome measures.

Changes in emotion regulation styles reflected by a significant increase in acceptance and significant decrease in suppression of emotions were observed at follow-up. Rumination about oneself was also significantly reduced at follow-up. Compassionate love and mindfulness were increased at follow-up, no effects were found on the Self-Compassion Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Given further confirming studies for this approach, it might improve treatment options for patients suffering from chronic depression.
Anti‐Inflammatory and Osteoprotective Effects of Cannabinoid‐2 Receptor Agonist HU‐308 in a Rat Model of Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Periodontitis
Authors: Ossola Cesar A. , Surkin Pablo N. , Mohn Claudia E. , Elverdin Juan C. , Fernández‐Solari Javier
Published: February 2016

Background: Anti‐inflammatory and immunologic properties of cannabinoids have been reported in several tissues. Expression of cannabinoid receptor Type 2 was reported in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, suggesting a key role in bone metabolism. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of treatment with cannabinoid‐2 receptor agonist HU‐308 in the oral health of rats subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced periodontitis.

Methods: Twenty‐four rats were distributed in four groups (six rats per group): 1) control rats; 2) sham rats; 3) rats submitted to experimental periodontitis (LPS); and 4) rats submitted to experimental periodontitis and treated with HU‐308 (LPS+HU). In groups LPS and LPS+HU, periodontitis was induced by LPS (1 mg/mL) injected into the gingival tissue (GT) of maxillary and mandibular first molars and into the interdental space between the first and second molars, 3 days per week for 6 weeks. In group LPS+HU, HU‐308 (500 ng/mL) was applied topically to the GT daily.

Results: Alveolar bone loss resulting from LPS‐induced periodontitis was significantly attenuated with HU‐308 treatment (LPS+HU), measured by macroscopic and histologic examination. Treatment also reduced gingival production of inflammatory mediators augmented in LPS‐injected rats, such as: 1) inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) activity (LPS: 90.18 ± 36.51 pmol/minute/mg protein versus LPS+HU: 16.37 ± 4.73 pmol/minute/mg protein; P <0.05); 2) tumor necrosis factor alpha (LPS: 185.70 ± 25.63 pg/mg protein versus LPS+HU: 95.89 ± 17.47 pg/mg protein; P <0.05); and 3) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (LPS: 159.20 ± 38.70 pg/mg wet weight versus LPS+HU: 71.25 ± 17.75 pg/mg wet weight; P <0.05). Additionally, HU‐308 treatment prevented the inhibitory effect of LPS‐induced periodontitis on the salivary secretory response to pilocarpine. Moreover, iNOS activity and PGE2 content, which were increased by LPS‐induced periodontitis in the submandibular gland, returned to control values after HU‐308 treatment.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates anti‐inflammatory, osteoprotective, and prohomeostatic effects of HU‐308 in oral tissues of rats with LPS‐induced periodontitis.
Labor Market Adjustment In High-Tech Industries: A Critical Review
Authors: Mitra Amlan , Das Bhaskar J.
Published: February 2016

Capitalist restructuring in the United States has been a key fore in reshaping cities and regions in the late 1970s and 1980s. The emergence of high-tech industries and its impact on the level of employment, the quality of work, and the condition of labor is at the core of the social debate over the high-tech led economic development. Some researchers argue that high-tech industries have a positive effect on labor markets. Others seem to support the idea of a significant negative impact exercised by high-technologies on employment patterns and occupational composition. The purpose of this paper is to provide some insights on this debate by critically examining the relevant literature. We conclude that there is a need to inquire further into the labor market adjustment at the local level to unravel the inner complexities.
Retail Site Selection And Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Tayman Jeff , Pol Louis
Published: February 2016

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are becoming more widely available and interest in their use for ht purpose of site selection is increasing. One major advantage in their usage is that planners are no longer tied to geographic units, such as zip codes, that do not adequately represent market areas. One such GIS is described here in regard to the data needed to make it work and how its output can be utilized in planning for retail development. The particular advantage of this system is that it links a GIS to a demographic database that is updated frequently. Population and household forecasts generated from the system are combined with transportation and purchasing information to generate demand forecasts for retail and restaurant space.
Industrial Revenue Bonds: Tests Of The Bank Arbitrage Hypothesis, The Miller Hypothesis, And Segmentation Of The Tax-Exempt Bond Market
Authors: Allen David S.
Published: February 2016

This paper considers alternative hypotheses that have been set forth to explain the relative yields on taxable and tax-exempt securities: the Bank Arbitrage Hypothesis, the Corporate Tax-Rate Hypothesis, and the Market Segmentation Hypothesis. The empirical results indicate support for the Bank Arbitrage Hypothesis for short maturities, and the modified Corporate Tax-Rate Hypothesis for long maturities. They also indicate strong evidence of market segmentation among tax-exempt securities of differing maturities. Specifically, commercial bank demand for tax-exempt securities has a significant effect on the yield spread for short and intermediate maturities, but no such effect is observed for long maturities.
A Survey Of The Use Of Computer Support For Negotiation
Authors: Foroughi Abbas
Published: February 2016

A survey was taken of negotiation practices in business and industry. Of particular interest was the extent to which computer technology is being used to enhance and support negotiation. The most widely used types of computer support were costing of anticipated demands, mathematical models and contract analysis. Pre-negotiation and post-negotiation activities had been more widely supported by computers than had actual negotiation sessions. A large number of organizations expressed a willingness to use computer support for future negotiations, and the consensus was that pre-negotiation activities could most benefit from such support. Those who had not yet used computer support for negotiations felt that costing and contract analysis could cost benefit from such support. The survey identified areas in need of improvement in the negotiation process and provided the basis for identifying solutions to these problems which could be provided by the used of innovative computerized negotiation support.
The Effect Of Print Advertisings Use Of Sexual Themes ON Brand Recall And Purchase Intention: A Product Specific Investigation Of Male Responses
Authors: Grazer William F. , Kessling Garland
Published: February 2016

Two convenience samples comprised of 230 male respondents participated in a study to measure the effect of sexual stimuli in print advertising on brand recall and intention to purchase. Using jeans and liquor products, the study suggests that the use of sexual stimuli in print advertisements does influence viewers brand recall and purchase intentions. However, the study was not able to conclusively argue that specific levels of sexual intensity were more effective across the two product categories.
A Human Capital Perspective On Criminal Careers
Authors: Clark J. R. , Davis William L.
Published: February 2016

he existing economics literature has traditionally viewed crime as a choice-making process, where the potential criminal chooses among alternatives based upon the costs and benefits of each. Models by Becker, Rogers, Tullock, and Hellman, have generally portrayed the criminal choice equation as static and not allowed for the dynamic changes that may occur to the criminals aptitude, and income over long time horizons. This paper develops a dynamic choice model of criminal behavior over a criminal career including the acquisition process for both legal and criminal human capital. Psychic and monetary benefit and cost factors are discussed as well as the standard arguments concerning the probabilities of apprehension and convention. The model suggests that to alter the criminals choice pattern and, therefore, his education toward legal income-producing activities, the first instance of incarceration is the most crucial and that t(1) A learning multiplier exists for the criminal in both legal and illegal learning. (2) Greater segregation of prison populations by ordinal magnitude of offence could better separate criminal students from criminal mentors and further reduce criminal education. (3) Higher order legal skills training in the penal system may shift the education decision to legal educational pursuits. (4) Redefining the legal and constitutional rights afforded felons could increase the probability of repeat apprehension and reduce the incentive to repeat offenses.
Information Priorities In Turnaround Situations
Authors: Bonnici Joseph L. , Fredenberger William B.
Published: February 2016

This study, carried out among members of the Turnaround Management Association, describes the information needs of turnaround managers as they go about rescuing firms from financial crises. Working with limited resources, within a very short timeframe, the managers prioritize their information needs. In so doing, they confirm three hypotheses. First, turnaround managers are more likely to source information from the companys management information system than from the companys customers. Second, they tend to opt for cost cutting rather than increasing revenues. Finally, they are more likely to adopt a current (instead of a future) time horizon in analyzing the information.
CEO Locus Of Control, Strategic Planning, Differentiation, And Small Business Performance: A Test Of A Path Analytic Model
Authors: Nwachukwu Osita C.
Published: February 2016

This study used data from 100 small business firms to examine a path analytic model of the relationships among CEO locus of control, futurity in strategy-making, structural differentiation, and economic performance. We found that the paths from CEO locus of control to structural differentiation and structural differentiation to performance were significant. We also found that when the effects were decomposed into their indirect components, the relationship between strategic futurity and performance reached significance.