bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Arts and Community Well-Being
Authors: Hetland Lois , Kelley Cathy
Published: January 2022

This chapter reviews evidence of impact from visual arts experiences on human flourishing in communities: families, centers, neighborhoods, and municipalities. Evidence is increasing from US and international sources that suggests positive impacts of visual arts experiences on community well-being. However, the literature is widely varied in quality, methods, and audiences addressed, and much of it is non-empirical advocacy and theory. Some qualitative and quantitative studies exist, and some of these are methodologically strong. The authors compare a sample of studies to an existing logic model for well-being (Tay, Pawelski, & Keith, 2018) to identify mechanisms that future research designs might employ to increase robustness of evidence about visual arts’ impacts on community well-being.
History and Human Flourishing: Using the Past to Address the Present
Authors: Stearns Peter N.
Published: January 2022

This chapter argues that historical analysis can actively contribute to the growing interest in well-being in several specific ways, in addition to the pleasure that many people find in reading or listening to various kinds of historical work. Four connections are emphasized: first, the role of history in providing perspective on some of the key well-being recommendations, by noting earlier approaches to similar qualities—for example, in classical philosophy or Hindu or Buddhist texts; second, awareness of the very real and complex modern history of the idea of happiness itself, and how it has connected to areas like work and family life; third, assessment of recent claims of progress, and how these, and the complexities they involve, affect current well-being and perceptions of well-being; and finally, explicit historical work on a variety of modern trends, in domains like consumerism, or trust, or gratitude, that generate awareness of some of the current problems faced in the well-being movement, particularly in its larger social and cultural context.
“Museotherapy”: A New Concept for Promoting Health, Well-Being, and Therapy through Art
Authors: Bondil Nathalie , Legari Stephen
Published: January 2022

The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA) has been active in partnership with community for more than twenty years. During the last decade, the MMFA has pioneered numerous pilot programs with medical health providers. This chapter presents an emerging concept of “Museotherapy” (Nauleau, 2018; Bondil, 2021) that contextualizes a diversity of therapeutically intentioned practices in a museum. Conceived along a continuum of engagement, “museotherapy” seeks to address the wellness of the individual, the group, and the community. This concept was accepted in 2020 by the Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF): Museotherapy is, following its Grand dictionnaire terminologique, “une méthode thérapeutique individuelle ou collective qui consiste en l’exploitation de l’environnement muséal à des fins de bien-être physique, psychologique et social. Plus concrètement, il peut s’agir de la contemplation d’œuvres d’art, de la création artistique en atelier ou de visite guidées en compagnie de médiateurs culturels.” An English translation of the definition would read, “Museotherapy: The exploitation of the museum environment as a therapeutic method for an individual or group for the purposes of physical, psychological, and social well-being. More concretely, it may involve the contemplation of works of art, artistic creation in a studio, or guided tours in the company of cultural mediators.” This vision redefines the role of an art museum, especially within society. “Museotherapy” requires reframing the role of the museum beyond the activities of art history, conservation, and supporting artists, and rethinking its public as Homo aestheticus, as experiential beings who are nourished by beauty and social connection.
No Man Is an Island: How Community Arts and Social Support Underpin Well-Being
Authors: Wright-Bevans Katie , Lamont Alexandra
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the specific role of the arts and humanities in developing well-being through community and social support. The authors review research evidence from the arts (music, drama, dance, art, crafts) and humanities (history, literature, and poetry) and provide links between these and overarching theories of well-being. The review highlights not only the role of arts and humanities interventions in facilitating well-being but also the social and psychological mechanisms underpinning these various activities. The chapter draws on international examples of arts and humanities interventions to demonstrate the need for such interventions to embrace the sociopolitical environment within which they occur. Finally, the authors draw attention to the many avenues of further exploration regarding the role various interventions may play in supporting individual and community well-being.
Philosophy and Well-Being
Authors: Ivory Justin , Tiberius Valerie
Published: January 2022

This chapter aims to provide the reader with an understanding of philosophical research on well-being in the Western analytic tradition. For the last several decades, philosophical theories of well-being have been divided into “the big three”: hedonism, desire satisfactionism, and objective list theories (Parfit 1984). This tripartite classificatory system now seems limited, however, and some recent research suggests dividing philosophical theories of well-being into two types: enumerative and explanatory. The authors follow this line of thought here. Under the heading of enumerative theories, they discuss the most popular monistic theory on offer, hedonism, as well as pluralistic theories. They conclude from their review of enumerative theories that explanatory theories (theories that explain why pleasure or the other potential items on the list of goods do indeed contribute to well-being) also have an important role to play. Under the heading of explanatory theories, they discuss perfectionism, desire satisfactionism, and value fulfillment.
Insight and Sight: The Interplay between the Humanities and Business and the Impact on Student Well-Being
Authors: Greenhalgh Anne M. , Allen Douglas E. , Nesteruk Jeffrey
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the impact of the interplay of humanities and business on student well-being and flourishing both in theory and in practice. Drawing on positive psychology, the chapter uses a conceptual model supplied by Tay, Pawelski, and Keith (2018) and focuses on a cognitive-emotional process that fosters two modes of thought characteristic of liberal learning: namely, reflection and creative thinking. The conclusion of the chapter attempts to answer the call of critics of management education so that students get the full benefit from and make the most of a meaningful connection between the study of humanities and the study of business.
The Neuroscience of Well-Being: A General Framework and Its Relation to Humanistic Flourishing
Authors: Kenett Yoed N. , Chatterjee Anjan
Published: January 2022

Studying the two main components of well-being—hedonia and eudaimonia—can shed insight into its psychological and neural aspects. This chapter begins by highlighting how neuroscience research in two related domains—creativity and meditation—has been useful. Then, the authors review the extant neuroscientific research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Finally, they propose a testable, general framework on how the brain may realize both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. This approach is inspired by advances in neuroscience research that examines the structure and dynamics of large-scale brain networks. Identifying these neural markers of well-being can elucidate what motivates human flourishing, and how neural mechanisms might be enhanced to facilitate well-being.
The Role of Reflection in Transformative Learning: Staff and Student Experiences
Authors: Kandiko Howson Camille , Weller Saranne
Published: January 2022

In the humanities, reflection is often a tacit practice, and more explicit strategies for engaging and scaffolding reflection can be used. This chapter draws on data from three studies in the humanities that use innovative pedagogical practices, including concept mapping, critical reading, and co-development to evidence reflection. These studies in Classics, history, English, and other humanities fields integrate activities of staff and students, bringing perspectives together and encouraging them to consider the educational experience from other viewpoints. Engaging in such activities can trigger critical thinking and critical reflection, and such reflective practices can act as a mechanism for transformational learning, which enables a sense of agency, intellectual and emotional growth, and flourishing.
Statistical Learning in an Emotional World
Authors: Plate Rista C. , Woodard Kristina , Pollak Seth D.
Published: January 2022

Children face myriad challenges in navigating the emotional world, including discerning the emotions of others and making predictions based on emotional cues. How well children respond to these challenges can influence overall social competence and functioning. This chapter explores the contribution of statistical learning—a learning mechanism long used to understand knowledge acquisition in cognitive development—to emotional development. The authors propose that the statistics of socioemotional input in children’s environments guide what children learn about emotions by allowing them to attend to regularities in the structure of input they receive. Statistical learning could be a mechanism through which children’s early learning environments shape emotional development and may underlie differences in how children extract and use emotional information.
Emotional Development
Authors: Walle Eric A. , Lopez Lukas D. , Castillo Anabel
Published: January 2022

The cognitive revolution of the 1970s and 1980s brought with it an emphasis on cognitive processes involved in emotion. While a similar wave of cognitive research spread to the field of developmental psychology, it did so in a relatively affectively neutral way. While infancy research systematically whittled down developmental processes into their most basic cognitive underpinnings, the role of cognition in emotional development remains largely underrepresented in the literature. This chapter is a clarion call to researchers to devote equal theoretical and empirical efforts to the role of cognition in emotional development. It highlights three areas of research ripe for closer examination by researchers of emotional development: appraisal, executive functioning, and inference-based learning. By linking existing research methodologies and findings in these cognitively dominated domains with open questions relating to emotional development, the chapter highlights how this research can help spur progress in the study of emotion.
Changing Standards in Emotional Development
Authors: Stearns Peter N.
Published: January 2022

This chapter demonstrates the importance of historical changes in emotions and emotional standards. Two periods of particularly sweeping transition are assessed, particularly in Western society: the late 18th through to the early 19th century, due to major cultural shifts plus early industrialization, and the early 20th century. Shifts in individual emotions, such as happiness, love, and grief, are joined by wider adjustments, for example in the emotional functions of the family or the importance of self-control. The chapter urges the importance of dealing with change as a means of grasping contemporary emotional patterns and as the basis for assessing the nature of current adjustments.
Development, Culture, and Neurobiology of Moral Emotions in Ethnic/Racial Minority Children
Authors: Carlo Gustavo , Hastings Paul D. , Dicus J. Logan , Ugarte Elisa
Published: January 2022

This chapter summarizes developmental theories and research on the intersection of culture, biology, and moral emotions. It proposes that cultural canalizations might be evident for the neurobiology of moral emotions, such as empathy and sympathy, in distinct U.S. ethnic/racial minority groups, focusing particularly on work with U.S. Latino/a children and adolescents. Research on cultural (e.g., ethnic identity, cultural values), socialization (e.g., parenting styles, parent and peer attachment), and neurobiological mechanisms linked to moral emotions is summarized. The authors advocate for developmental scientists interested in the development of moral emotions in U.S. Latino/a children, and in other ethnic and cultural communities (e.g., African Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans), to adopt a developmental cultural neurobiology lens in order to advance a more expansive, inclusive, and nuanced understanding of the diverse paths of the development of moral emotions.
The Emotional Expressions and Emotion Perception in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Kim Yena , Kret Mariska
Published: January 2022

The expression of emotions and their recognition in conspecifics are pivotal to social life. As Darwin postulated in his pioneering book The expression of the emotions in man and animals, many morphological features and functions of emotional expressions characterized in humans are homologous to those of other animals. Intriguingly, despite this early work, scientists have been skeptical about the feasibility of studying emotions in nonhumans and, therefore, the study of their emotional expressions has been limited. However, recent technological advances in neuroscience, genetics, and fine-scale behavioral analyses enable researchers to investigate human emotions in direct comparison with other animals. Throughout this chapter, the authors provide convincing evidence that nonhuman primates produce and recognize conspecific emotional expressions. Some of them, especially the bared-teeth display, are used in multiple contexts, suggesting cognitively sophisticated functions. The flexible use of emotional expressions seems to be tightly linked to species sociality, such as level of tolerance.
Developmental Methods for Emotion Dynamics
Authors: Lougheed Jessica P.
Published: January 2022

Emotions and their development are complex processes. Emotions are dynamic; involve multiple biological, psychological, and social systems; and can be idiosyncratic. However, much of the research on emotional development has used methods that do not capture the dynamic nature of emotions; focus only on one biological, psychological, or social system; and/or do not account for individual differences. This chapter provides an overview of current methods for developmental studies on emotion dynamics. First, it introduces methods for examining emotions as dynamic processes. Then, it extends this discussion to multiple-burst designs that capture emotion dynamics at multiple timescales (Ram & Diehl, 2015). Throughout, the author discusses approaches for both individual and interpersonal emotion dynamics that are applicable across the life span. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future directions in the study of emotion dynamics and their development.
Emotional Skillfulness and Virtue Acquisition
Authors: De Caro Mario , Vaccarezza Maria Silvia , Niccoli Ariele
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the authors offer a sketch of the state of the art as concerns existing accounts of virtue acquisition in relation to automaticity. In particular, the chapter focuses on the so-called “skill model,” which the authors aim to improve by questioning its rather common underlying dualistic picture of the mind. Then, the authors propose an account of skillful emotions by identifying the features that make them both automatic and embedded in an intelligent practice. Finally, the authors show how this view can help the skill model by offering a better description of emotion shaping in virtue acquisition. By doing so, they contend that emotions contribute autonomously and actively to the skillfulness of the habits in which they are embedded.
Emotion Development in Context
Authors: Erickson Rebecca J. , Cottingham Marci D.
Published: January 2022

This chapter demonstrates the importance of examining emotional-development processes as the embodiment of social context. Context is defined broadly, including the ways that the body and the self operate as key contexts for emotional development as well as interactional, institutional, and cultural contexts that help to shape how individuals learn and master the complexities of emotional experience and its management. The chapter illustrates the complementary yet diverse ways that theoretical traditions have conceptualized and measured emotional development in context, along with the ways in which these efforts may best advance. The argument presented centers and broadens “context” to demonstrate the varied and interconnected implications of contemporary social theory and measurement related to emotional development.
Emotions as Fixatives for Children’s Understandings About the World
Authors: Halberstadt Amy G. , Hagan Courtney A. , Lozada Fantasy T.
Published: January 2022

Parents’ emotions provide unintentional and intentional communications to their children, attaching themselves to the messages that children receive about the ways of the world. Both theory and research suggest that parents’ emotions impact children’s learning and activate children’s affective orientations to objects, concepts, and people. Applying these concepts to real-life problems, this chapter explores the role of emotions as a “fixative” in the process of socializing children’s understanding of the world and particularly the development of beliefs about race. We suggest that the emotions associated with messages about race are not overtly recognized as part of the messages and that these emotional layers are the invisible glue that hold these messages and subsequent beliefs in position. Although the chapter focuses primarily on negative emotions, it also notes the role of positive emotions, such as pride, with the hope of generating more research on these emotions in relation to racial understanding.
Emotion Regulation in Couples Across the Life Span
Authors: Stephens Jacquelyn E. , Hittner Emily F. , Haase Claudia M.
Published: January 2022

Intimate relationships are hotbeds of emotions. Much of what psychologists know about emotion regulation comes from single-subject studies; but a growing body of research has examined emotion regulation in couples. This chapter provides an overview of dimensions of emotion regulation in couples (with a focus on dynamic, iterative, and co-regulatory qualities) and measures (with a focus on differences between self-report and performance-based measures). The authors then discuss developmental origins of emotion regulation in couples (with a focus on early attachment) and highlight changes across the life span (with a focus on longitudinal studies). Finally, the chapter reviews the consequences of emotion regulation in couples (with a focus on well-being and health) and closes with a discussion of directions for future research.
Emotional Development and the Growth of Moral Self-Awareness
Authors: Thompson Ross A.
Published: January 2022

Traditional moral development theories ascribe a significant role for emotion in moral development. Fear and anxiety over anticipated punishment are precursors to the internalization of moral values, for example, resulting in guilt or shame when children violate these internalized rules. This chapter argues that other emotions are also significant. These include (1) indignation or displeasure when young children observe harm to another; (2) empathic responding to another’s distress, contributing to guilt if the child is aware of culpability for that distress; (3) (empathic) happiness from sharing with another, together with the anticipation of positive affect in both benefactor and recipient from sharing; and (4) moral pride derived from self-initiated prosocial acts. Multiple emotions thus contribute to the development of moral self-awareness in young children, supporting the broader view that early morality is not just a punishment-based system of sanctions and rewards but also derives from young children’s sensitivity to human needs and feelings and their own emotional response to these conditions.
Latinx Protestants and American Politics
Authors: Martí Gerardo
Published: January 2022

The rise in the proportion of Latinx Protestants in the United States may be coinciding with an increased alignment with neoliberal political agendas—a rising Christian Latinidad aligning with white Christian priorities—which benefits a long-established hierarchy of whiteness and further accentuates racial and economic inequalities. The significance of this still-strengthening religious identity is that any prolonged intensity of this alignment will likely affect the near future of American politics. This brief essay indicates a way to thread together several analytical narratives and to heuristically suggest an approach to emerging patterns of evidence. In short, it appears that contemporary Latinx Protestants should be understood today as steadily developing a distinctly and religiously informed racialized orientation, a process of religious racialization, one that is aligned with the Christian Libertarian imperatives found among white evangelicals. A closer examination of the historical development of Latinx Protestants in the United States with the backdrop of the historical development of neoliberalism and global capitalist structures of political power will serve to further refine our notions of ethnicized religion and the religious mobilization of voters. I anticipate that a broader historical lens, increased attention to political ideologies, greater cross-disciplinary dialogue between various lines of investigation, and a more highly textured assessment of the relation between individual religiosity and State mechanisms of power will yield fruitful and even more provocative lines of inquiry very soon.
Asthma-COPD overlap
Authors: Jarrell Lynda
Published: January 2022

Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) presents in persons, especially adults, with persistent airflow limitation along with clinical symptoms reflective of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It includes multiple clinical phenotypes with different underlying pathophysiology. Patients with ACO typically have a worse clinical course than those with asthma or COPD alone. This article provides an overview of diagnosis and management of this underrecognized condition.
Review of publications evaluating opioid use in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease
Authors: Anastasiou Christine , Yazdany Jinoos
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review

This article discusses publications assessing the prevalence, efficacy, and safety of opioid analgesics in patients with rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and systemic sclerosis.

Recent findings

Recent studies show long-term opioid use is common in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease. We did not find any studies demonstrating improved function or pain control with long-term opioid use in people with rheumatic diseases. Some data shows potential adverse effects including increased risk for fractures and opioid poisoning hospitalizations. There is evidence demonstrating an association of opioid use with mental health disorders, fibromyalgia, obesity, and disability, although causative links have not been established. Only minimal reductions in opioid use were observed after initiation of biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Studies have shown delayed DMARD initiation and reduced DMARD use in patients on opioids, raising concerns that these analgesics may delay care or initially mask symptoms of active disease.

Available literature highlights high levels of opioid use in people with rheumatic disease, without scientific evidence to support efficacy for chronic pain control and increasing evidence of adverse events. These findings strongly suggest that opioids do not have a routine role in the chronic management of inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Donor site changes in early months following nonvascularized fibular harvest in children: a prospective radiological analysis
Authors: Agarwal Anil
Published: January 2022

The exact timing of non regeneration and ankle valgus in post fibular harvest donor limbs remain elusive. The study examined the serial radiographs post harvest to better understand the transitions occurring in the ankle and leg region. We specifically focused on the noncontinuity of fibular regenerate, lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA), fibular length (fibular/tibial ratio, F/T ratio) and fibular station in the donor leg. Completeness of longitudinal fibular regeneration was documented at 6 months and accordingly two groups, with (R+) and without complete longitudinal regeneration (R−), were available for comparisons. There were 25 fibular harvests in 19 patients. The longitudinal regenerate was complete in 14 limbs (56%) (R+ group) at 6 months. The average LDTA at 6 months did not differ significantly from preoperative values. The F/T ratio decreased immediately postoperative and the trend remained sustained till 6 months. Malhotra grade corresponded inversely to F/T ratio. There was insignificant intra or intergroup affection of LDTA in R+ and R− groups over initial 6 months. The F/T ratio in R+ group recorded a downward trend till 3 months but remained static thereafter. Malhotra grades comparisons between R+ and R− revealed significant differences only at 6 months. Fibular length (F/T ratio) was found to be the critical indicator of regeneration. For the nonregenerates, ratios deteriorated significantly by 3 months. Malhotra station corresponded to changes in fibular length, although it was less quantitative. The secondary changes in lower tibia may not manifest till 6 months.
Using the radiocoronoid line for diagnosis of elbow dislocation
Authors: Tan Daniel Jiadong , Tan Tessa Wen Xi , Tay Gracia Mercy Ling Hui , Lee Nicole Kim Luan , Chew Ee Ming , Mahadev Arjandas , Wong Kenneth Pak Leung
Published: January 2022

The radiocapitellar line (RCL) has been widely used to diagnose elbow dislocation. However, there are limitations to the RCL, with the cartilaginous portion of bone making interpretation of radiographs difficult. The study aims to show that the radiocoronoid line, which connects two points on the medial aspect of the radius, proximal to the radial tuberosity, is more suited to diagnose elbow dislocations in the anterior-posterior projection. This study also observes factors affecting accuracy of the radiocapitellar line. The radiographs of 50 normal and 17 laterally dislocated elbows were obtained. An unbiased independent reviewer drew the radiocoronoid and radiocapitellar line (RCL). Four other blinded independent reviewers drew the RCL and the radiocoronoid line for 20 radiographs and repeated the process a week later. The accuracy of the RCL was assessed using distance away from bisection point of capitellum, and ratio (distance from the point where line crosses capitellum to lateral aspect of capitellum over the total width of capitellum). The relationship of the radio-coronoid line and the lateral aspect of coronoid fossa was assessed, with dislocation being the line lateral to it and normal being medial to or on it. The radiocoronoid line had a higher accuracy (95.5%) compared to RCL (32.8%), higher specificity (94%) compared to RCL (10%) as well as higher positive predictive value (85%) compared to RCL (27.4%). There was no intra- or inter-observer variability for the radio-coronoid line. Skeletal age statistically predicted the ratio for the male population (P < 0.05), however, the independent variables did not statistically predict the dependent variables for the female and total population. The radiocoronoid line serves as an additional method to assess radiocapitellar joint lateral dislocation. It is more accurate and reliable than the radiocapitellar line in the anterior-posterior projection. Sex and skeletal age also influence the accuracy of the radiocapitellar line with the radiocapitellar line nearing the bisection point as skeletal age in males increases.
Retrospective analysis: risk factors predicting failure of closed reduction in pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures treated with elastic stable intramedullary nails (ESINs)
Authors: Tay Ling Hui Gracia Mercy , Tan Wen Xi Tessa , Lee Nicole Kim Luan , Chew Ee Ming , Mahadev Arjandas , Wong Kenneth Pak Leung
Published: January 2022

Paediatric forearm fractures are extremely common among children. Surgical treatment instead of casting is necessitated in highly unstable forearm fractures. A widely accepted technique of operative fixation today is via the elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN), which was first introduced in 1977. Closed reduction with the ESIN is often attempted first, failure of which may warrant the need for open reduction. However, multiple attempts at closed reduction not only increase the incidence of tissue trauma but also lead to severe postoperative complications such as compartment syndrome. Yet, little information exists to help surgeons anticipate when a child is more likely to require an open reduction. This study aims to determine certain risk factors that would point toward a greater likelihood of open reduction, and thus help surgeons avoid too many unnecessary endeavors at closed reduction. A total of 144 cases of forearm fractures fixated using ESINs between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively identified in the institution of study. Patient factors, fracture characteristics and surgery details were also gathered from the institution’s database. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and comparison was then done between the two groups of patients who underwent closed and open reductions. Results showed that the statistically significant risk factors for predicting unsuccessful closed reduction in forearm fractures were the amount of fractured bone overlap at presentation (P < 0.001) and whether the bones were fractured at different levels (P = 0.032). Other variables examined, including the patient’s biological age, skeletal age, BMI, fractured bone-angulation, site of fracture, fracture pattern and surgical circumstances did not contribute to differentiating between the likelihood of a closed versus open reduction. Children with a higher degree of fractured bone overlap at presentation or if the radius and ulnar bones were fractured at different levels, should be adequately forewarned regarding the increased chances of conversion to an open reduction. Surgeons should also avoid excessive attempts at closed reduction of forearm fractures with the ESIN in such circumstances.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.
Evolution of socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence between 2006 and 2016 in France: a population-based study
Authors: Derette Krystaelle , Rollet Quentin , Launay Ludivine , Launoy Guy , Bryere Joséphine ,   the French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM group)
Published: January 2022

Objective

The existence of socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence is now well established and their reduction is a priority in many countries. This study aimed to measure the evolution of socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of the most common cancers in France, over an 11-year period.

Methods

The study focused on 19 cancer entities (16 solid tumors and 3 hematological malignancies). Data are obtained from the French Network of Cancer Registries, representing 604 205 cancer cases. Each patient address was geolocalized and assigned to an IRIS, the smallest geographic unit in France. The French version of the European Deprivation Index was used to measure the level of deprivation in each IRIS. A generalized linear mixed model was used to account for the longitudinal nature of the data and to assess the evolution of socioeconomic inequalities.

Results

A significant evolution of the social gradient of incidence over time was highlighted for five cancer entities and all entities combined. For lung cancer for both sexes and bladder cancer in men, more frequent in deprived areas, the social gradient in incidence tended to decrease over time. For breast cancer in women and lymphocytic leukemia in men, more frequent in affluent areas, the gap continues to widen.

Conclusion

Cancer entities with large disparities continued to present social inequalities in incidence without exacerbation with time. The few temporal evolutions observed do not show a worsening of the social gradient of incidence to the disadvantage of the most deprived areas, but rather an increase in incidence that is greater in the most affluent areas.
Intra-abdominal aortic balloon occlusion in the management of placenta percreta
Authors: Zheng Weiran , Dou Ruochong , Yan Jie , Yang Xinrui , Zhao Xianlan , Chen Dunjin , Ma Yuyan , Zhang Weishe , Ding Yiling , Fan Ling , Yang Huixia
Published: January 2022

Background:

Massive bleeding is the main concern for the management of placenta percreta (PP). Intra-abdominal aortic balloon occlusion (IABO) is one method for pelvic devascularization, but the efficacy of IABO is uncertain. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of IABO in PP patients.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of PP cases from six tertiary centers in China between January 2011 and December 2015. PP cases with/without the use of IABO were analyzed. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to reduce the effect of selection bias. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and the rate of hysterectomy, as well as neonatal outcomes, were analyzed.

Results:

One hundred and thirty-two matched pairs of patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with the control group, maternal outcomes, including PPH (68.9% vs. 87.9%, χ
2 = 13.984, P < 0.001), hysterectomy (8.3% vs. 65.2%, χ
2 = 91.672, P < 0.001), and repeated surgery (1.5% vs. 12.1%, χ
2 = 11.686, P = 0.001) were significantly reduced in the IABO group. For neonatal outcomes, Apgar scores at 1 minute (8.67 ± 1.79 vs. 8.53 ± 1.68, t = −0.638, P = 0.947) and 5 minutes (9.43 ± 1.55 vs. 9.53 ± 1.26, t = 0.566, P = 0.293) were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions:

IABO can significantly reduce blood loss, hysterectomies, and repeated surgeries. This procedure has not shown harmful effects on neonatal outcomes.
Uterus Transplantation: Lessons Learned From a Psychological Perspective
Authors: Järvholm Stina , Warren Ann Marie
Published: January 2022

Uterus transplantation has gained increasing acceptance as a medically viable treatment to achieve pregnancy in women with absolute uterine infertility or loss of uterus. Over 20 live births have occurred worldwide since the first successful live birth in Sweden in 2014. However, the psychological and emotional impact on women who seek uterus transplant, their partners, and the women who donate their uterus is a critical area to explore. This paper will discuss issues related to recipient and donor selection, parenting posttransplant, and consideration of unanticipated outcomes including uterus transplant failure and inability to achieve pregnancy.
Immunologic and Infectious Concerns in Uterus Transplantation
Authors: PORRETT PAIGE M. , NELLORE ANOMA
Published: January 2022

Pharmacologic immunosuppression is required for the success of uterus transplantation but can provoke several complications for the transplant recipient. In this review, we discuss the immunologic complications that can occur in the uterus transplant recipient. First, we provide the latest update on immunosuppression regimens used by programs throughout the world. Next, we discuss the prevalence, mechanisms, treatment, and outcome of rejection in uterus transplant recipients. Finally, we discuss infectious complications of varying severity alongside their treatment and impact.
The Ethical Evolution of Uterus Transplantation From Concept to Clinical Procedure
Authors: da Graca Briget , Johannesson Liza , Testa Giuliano , Wall Anji E.
Published: January 2022

Uterus transplantation (UTx) offers women with absolute uterine factor infertility a path to motherhood that enables them to carry their own pregnancy. Debates about the ethics of UTx have evolved in tandem with its clinical evolution: clinical trials have provided evidence regarding risks and benefits to donors and recipients that were initially uncertain; technical advances have altered the balance between risks and benefits; and the experiences of donors and recipients has revealed questions that were not anticipated. As UTx transitions to a clinical procedure, questions remain about long-term risks and benefits, applications beyond carrying a pregnancy, and cost and access.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Emergent Sexual Abuse in a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Simulated Child Advocacy Center Model of Care
Authors: Hornor Gail , Anderson Avery M. , Baumeyer Stacy , Daniels Alicia , Doughty Katharine , Hollar Jessica , Prince Celeste , Skeens Micah , Wilkinson Kerri
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to compare child sexual abuse interview disclosures and judicial outcomes for cases of child and adolescent sexual abuse/assault seen in a pediatric emergency department (PED) before and after the implementation of a simulated child advocacy center (CAC) multidisciplinary model of care.

Method

A retrospective chart and legal records review was conducted from both the PED model of care group and the simulated CAC multidisciplinary model of care for judicial outcomes, child sexual abuse interview disclosures, and sexual abuse case characteristics.

Results

The simulated CAC multidisciplinary model of care did not result in increased indictments, pleas, trials, or disclosure of sexual abuse in the sexual abuse interview when compared with the PED model of care. The simulated CAC multidisciplinary model of care did result in a significantly higher rate of sexual abuse interview completion.

Discussion

Demographic risk factors for sexual abuse victimization as well as perpetration have been identified in the literature and were supported by this study. Law enforcement and child protective services were more frequently present in the PED under the simulated CAC multidisciplinary model allowing for improved protection of children.
Differences in Two Multiarticulating Myoelectric Hands for Facilitating Activities of Daily Living in Individuals with Transradial Amputation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kannenberg Andreas , Lundstrom Russell , Hibler Karl D. , Johnson Shawn Swanson
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Research with multiarticulating prosthetic hands on patient-reported ease of activities of daily living (ADLs) and usefulness is still limited. This study aimed at comparing ease of ADL performance and usefulness of two common multiarticulating prosthetic hands.

Methods

Twenty subjects with transradial amputation wearing the bebionic (n = 10) or i-Limb (n = 10) hands were assessed with a hybrid Orthotics and Prosthetics User Survey–Upper Extremity Functional Status (OPUS-UEFS)/Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index (PUFI) outcome measure previously used in a study with another multigrip prosthetic hand.

Results

There were no significant differences between the bebionic and i-Limb hands. However, the analysis of individual activities revealed that each multiarticulating hand had specific strengths and weaknesses compared with a historic control group with conventional myoelectric hands.

Discussion

Both multiarticulating hands may improve ease of performing ADLs compared with conventional myoelectric hands. However, more grip types available do not necessarily result in greater ease or usefulness compared with advanced hands with fewer grip types.

Conclusions

Clinicians must match the patients' functional needs with the differential functional profiles of the available multiarticulating hands.

Clinical Relevance

The present study is the first to provide comparative patient-reported outcomes on 3 multigrip prosthetic hands as well as standard myoelectric hands in 23 common ADLs. The distinct patient-reported ease and usefulness profiles of the different hands may inform and support clinicians' decision-making on hand selection for individual patients with transradial amputation.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism of ADRβ2 and CDKN1B genes in Egyptian patients with coronary artery in-stent restenosis
Authors: Abdelaziz Tarek A. , Mohamed Randa H. , Gad Marwa M. , Ghareeb Mohamed G. , Saadawy Sara F.
Published: January 2022

Background

In-stent restenosis is a common complication after percutaneous coronary intervention. The purpose of the current study is to look for associations of genetic variation in adrenergic beta-2 receptor (ADRβ2), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) genes in patients diagnosed with in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention in the Egyptians.

Methods

Polymorphisms in ADRβ2 and CDKN1B were determined using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 200 Egyptian patients who underwent coronary angioplasty and stent placement of whom 100 patients developed ISR.

Results

We found that the GG genotype of ADRβ2 and CC genotype of CDKN1B were more likely to develop restenosis after stenting (odds ratio = 3.7 and 3.2; P = 0.001, respectively). Our study considered that male sex, diabetes, obesity, bare-metal stents type of implanted stents, longer stents, GG genotype of ADRβ2, and CC genotype of CDK1B were significant independent predictors for ISR.

Conclusion

our results indicate that ADRβ2 (rs1042713) and CDKN1B (rs36228499) could be associated with the development of ISR in Egyptians.
Prediction of medial damage by rotational atherectomy using intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Hashimoto Kenta , Fujii Kenichi , Shibutani Hiroki , Tsujimoto Satoshi , Otagaki Munemitsu , Morishita Shun , Hirose Takato , Shiojima Ichiro
Published: January 2022

Objective

This study evaluated whether intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images before rotational atherectomy (RA) can predict medial injury caused by RA burr passage in advance.

Methods

Thirty-three patients with de-novo lesions located in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) who underwent IVUS before and immediately after RA were enrolled. The spatial axes of the two matched pre- and post-RA IVUS cross-sectional images were merged. The segment was considered to have medial damage when the continuity of the intimal layer was disrupted and the medial layer was in direct contact with the lumen on post-RA IVUS.

Results

Medial injuries on post-RA IVUS were identified in seven segments of five patients. All segments with medial injury were located near the bifurcation of the LAD and the diagonal branch, and the spatial orientations of the medial injury region were mostly distributed in the lateral side with a diagonal branch take-off. The lumen area was significantly smaller in segments with medial injury than in those without medial injury (P < 0.01). The IVUS catheter was in contact with the healthy side of the arterial wall on pre-RA IVUS images for more than 1 mm in length in all segments with medial injury.

Conclusion

When the guidewire and IVUS catheter are close to the healthy side of the arterial wall on pre-RA IVUS images, there is a higher risk of medial injury due to the RA procedure, especially near the bifurcation of the LAD and diagonal branch.
Randomized control trial on the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 in reducing inflammatory markers in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis
Authors: Ojetti Veronica , Saviano Angela , Brigida Mattia , Petruzziello Carmine , Caronna Martina , Gayani Gunawardena , Franceschi Francesco
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Recent guidelines suggest treating acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (AUD) without antibiotics. We tested the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 4659 in AUD. Primary outcome was the reduction of abdominal pain and inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (C-RP) and calprotectin]. Secondary outcome was the reduction of hours of hospitalization.

Patients and methods

A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 119 patients with AUD. The probiotic group (61 patients) was treated with fluids, bowel rest and L. reuteri/b.i.d. for 10 days. The placebo group (58 patients) was treated with the same therapy and placebo/b.i.d. for 10 days. All patients completed a daily visual analogue scale (VAS) for abdominal pain.

Results

Both groups showed a mean VAS score of 7 at enrolment and a reduction of 4 points after 3 days. C-RP value, after 72 h, decreased by 58.8% in the probiotic group and by only 40% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Calprotectin levels, after 72 h, decreased by 17% in the probiotic group and by only 10.6% in the control group (P < 0.05). In the probiotic group, the hospitalization was done for 75.5 h compared to 83.5 in the placebo group.

Conclusions

The supplementation with L. reuteri 4659 together with bowel rest and fluids significantly reduced both blood and faecal inflammatory markers compared to the placebo group.
Evaluation of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 expression in treatment-naive patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yuan , Wu Xiaodong , Fang Juanjuan , Zhao Qingping , Huang Yan , Jiang Lei
Published: January 2022

Objective

Human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in several types of cancers. The correlation between tumor glucose activity and HER2 expression can vary. This study is a retrospective investigation of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and HER2 expression status in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

The maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-FDG PET/CT was compared with the HER2 expression status in pretreated patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, clinicopathological characteristics, including age, gender, smoking, serum tumor markers, tumor location, size, stage and genetic mutation, were also evaluated in groups with different HER2 expressions. Patients’ progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were also analyzed.

Results

Ninety-six patients with HER2 expression, including 54 patients with HER2 overexpression and 30 patients without HER2 expression were enrolled in this study. The primary pulmonary lesion was single in all patients, and all lesions were FDG-avid on PET/CT. SUVmax had no significant association with HER2 expression or overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, elevated serum CYFRA211 levels were obviously associated with HER2 expression but not associated with HER2 overexpression. There were no significant differences in other clinicopathological characteristics in groups with different HER2 expressions. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SUVmax, HER2 expression and tumor node metastasis stage were independent predictors of PFS, and SUVmax, CYFRA211 and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation were independent predictors of OS.

Conclusion

SUVmax had no significant association with the HER2 expression status in lung adenocarcinoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT and HER2 expression could provide valuable prognostic information for treatment-naive patients with lung adenocarcinoma.