bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of breast lesions using the IAC Yokohama System for reporting breast cytopathology against histopathological biopsy
Authors: Joshi Chandrakala , Varma Ruchi , Pande Shruti Tiwari
Published: June 2024

Background:

Breast lumps pose a significant health concern globally, contributing to both illness and death. The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system has established a uniform method for reporting breast cytology, categorizing it into five groups: inadequate, benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant.

Aims and Objectives:

This study primarily aimed to evaluate breast lesions using the IAC Yokohama System and compare the results with those of corresponding histopathological biopsies. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of breast fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and determine the risk of malignancy associated with each category.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, 92 cases were analyzed and categorized according to the IAC Yokohama System. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, diagnostic accuracy, and risk of malignancy were determined based on histopathological diagnosis, which was considered the reference standard.

Results:

Among the 92 breast FNACs, the risk of malignancy for the categories insufficient, benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant were 0%, 0%, 18.75%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The highest sensitivity (100%) was achieved when considering atypical, suspicious, and malignant cases as positive results. The specificity was highest (100%) when only malignant or both malignant and suspicious cases were considered positive results. The highest diagnostic accuracy (95.65%) was observed when including malignant and suspicious cases as positive results.

Conclusion:

Implementing the IAC Yokohama System for reporting breast cytopathology through structured reporting will enhance the quality, clarity, and reproducibility of reports among pathologists and clinicians, which would result in enhanced patient care and management.
Fluid therapy in ICU – A review
Authors: Eguvaputtur Arun Kumar , Jagathkar Ganshyam
Published: June 2024

The most common indications of fluid resuscitation in critical care settings are severe hypovolemia, sepsis, trauma, burns, and perioperative fluid loss. Evaluation of intravascular volume status and the ability for identifying patients who might profit from volume expansion is vital. Traditional markers such as central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure have poor predictive value for fluid responsiveness. Dynamic indices such as pulse pressure variation, stroke volume variation, tidal volume challenge, and passive leg raise test are recommended to predict fluid responsiveness over static markers. The next perplexing part of fluid therapy is the choice of fluid resuscitation. The simplest answer is to provide crystalloids and avoid synthetic colloids (hydroxyethyl startch, gelatin, and dextran). Among the colloids, albumin has a role in certain clinical conditions in critical care settings. Between normal saline and buffered solutions, buffered solutions have the advantage of reducing acid–base disturbances, and chloride burden, and are likely to prevent renal failure. However, the advantage of buffered solutions did not consistently show up in large randomized controlled trials. Although administering fluids is a common therapeutic approach in critical care settings, administering fluids excessively has been linked to fatal outcomes. The resuscitation, optimization, stabilization, and evacuation concept describes the use of a dynamic fluid strategy to optimize benefits and prevent the negative effects of fluid overload. After receiving a patient in an emergency room or intensive care unit with hemodynamic instability, the first thing that comes to mind is whether or not the patient would benefit from fluid administration. How to predict fluid responsiveness? What type of fluids should be administered? When to stop administering fluids and start evacuation are vital questions confronted in day-to-day practice. In this article, we would like to discuss these issues and provide recommendations for current practices.
SGLT2 inhibitor-induced ketoacidosis – A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Moka Praneeth , Bakshi Apoorva , Prasad G. Surendra , Koushik Sharath Chandra
Published: June 2024

Diabetic ketoacidosis is rarely caused by sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and can be difficult to recognize. A 56-year-old male patient, with a body mass index of 31.87 and a long-standing history of diabetes mellitus, presented with acute gangrenous cholecystitis and was treated with intravenous antibiotics. Empagliflozin and metformin were started for blood sugar control. Four days after surgery, he presented with nausea and vomiting. He was found to have deep and labored breathing following upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Labs revealed severe ketoacidosis with normal blood sugars. He was hydrated well with no improvement in metabolic acidosis. Empagliflozin was stopped, intravenous insulin and dextrose infusions were started, and his acidosis was corrected rapidly. SGLT2 inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The absence of substantial hyperglycemia potentially delays the diagnosis. The stress of recent surgery likely precipitated DKA in this patient. It is important to consider the diagnosis of euglycemic DKA in patients receiving empagliflozin and presenting with nausea and vomiting, especially in the immediate postoperative period.
An atypical rare neurologic complication of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi–Fujimoto Disease)
Authors: Pandit Sudarshan , Wasekar Nilesh , Sakale Tejas , Patil Rahul Bhagwat , Kamble Sandeep Ramchandra , Jagtap Amogh
Published: June 2024

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare disease first reported in 1972 by Kikuchi and Fujimoto et al. It is more common in young females under 30 years of age. It is a self-limited disease characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy. Headache accompanied by fever is a common symptom of this disease; however, the central nervous system (CNS) can also be involved. CNS involvement in KFD is extremely rare and remains a diagnostic challenge. We describe a KFD patient with aseptic meningitis who had a headache as the first symptom of aseptic meningitis. Only 41 cases of aseptic meningitis associated with KFD have been reported worldwide, with just five cases (including our case) of KFD with meningitis as the first symptom. We report a case of KFD accompanied by aseptic meningitis with leptomeningeal enhancement.
Comparative evaluation of clinical outcomes of dexmedetomidine versus without dexmedetomidine in surgical field of otorhinolaryngology: A prospective study
Authors: Gosh Sampurna , Mahalakshmi Kuncham , Sri Kandula Sowmya , Fatima Najiya , Bhargavi Vanga , Sandhya P. , Padia Neha A. , Talla Venu
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

This prospective study aims to systematically compare the clinical outcomes of dexmedetomidine versus without dexmedetomidine in the context of nasal procedures. Dexmedetomidine is an Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist with sedative and analgesic properties. The research seeks to evaluate the impact of dexmedetomidine administration on surgical outcomes and patient safety.

Objective:

Our research’s objective was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of a bolus dose of dexmedetomidine during nasal surgery in the range of 0.5–1 µg/kg followed by maintenance infusion of dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.2–0.5 µg/h compared to without dexmedetomidine.

Materials and Methods:

This study is characterized as a prospective, observational, and comparative investigation. After institutional ethical committee approval, informed consent was obtained and 60 patients were split into two groups of 30 each. Group A received a dexmedetomidine bolus dose of 0.5–1 µg/kg diluted over 10 min in 0.9% normal saline followed by maintenance infusion of dexmedetomidine at 0.2–0.5 µg/h. Group B received routine anesthesia. In both the groups, infusions were titrated to maintain controlled hypotension. During the surgery, the bleeding score was determined using the Boezaart scale.

Results:

In this study, it was observed that Group A had lower intraoperative blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure which significantly reduced the overall bleeding score. In the dexmedetomidine group, the average Boezaart score was 2.0, and in Group B, it was 2.47. Both the groups experienced intraoperative complications in which medical intervention was carried out. Compared to Group B, Group A maintained better hypotension, eliminating both intraoperative and postoperative anxiety. Postoperatively BP, HR, respiratory rate, and SpO2 were monitored till 5 h, and we found a significant difference (P < 0.05) between both the groups, where Group A demonstrated better hemodynamic stability.

Conclusion:

The dexmedetomidine group demonstrated a substantial decrease in HR, mean atrial pressure, and intraoperative BP, resulting in a surgical field devoid of blood and with a lower bleeding grade. Postoperative problems were less common when dexmedetomidine was used.
Haemothorax after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for aborted cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Annam Sharath Reddy , Parhi Ashirbad , Seepana Lokanath , Sreekar MCV
Published: June 2024

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an irreplaceable option in patients with sudden cardiac arrest. However, lifesaving CPR can also put the patients and treating physicians in a predicament with certain rare and life-threatening complications due to chest wall injuries. Hemothorax is one of such complications which must be diagnosed and treated as early as possible, more importantly in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as a cause of cardiac arrest, wherein antithrombotic drugs are on board. Possible sources of bleeding in hemothorax can be injury to the internal mammary artery (IMA), intercostal arteries, or rarely azygos vein. Careful evaluation for the source of the bleeder is necessary as often bleeders may be missed out in early phase of evaluation due to associated hemodynamic factors such as low mean arterial pressure, raised intrathoracic pressures, and vasospasm. Here, we report a case of ACS with sudden cardiac arrest revived by CPR and primary percutaneous coronary intervention who eventually developed hemodynamically significant hemothorax due to the right IMA injury as detected by catheter-mediated angiography, which was subsequently sealed by vascular microcoils at either ends of the perforated segment.
Ophthalmia neonatorum: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Sobrinho Marcelo Vicente De Andrade , Salioni Gabriela Romantini , Nutels Giovanna Soares , Calegari Murilo Mantoan , Leite Sabrina Martins
Published: June 2024

Ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) is a form of conjunctivitis occurring within the 1stmonth of life, primarily attributable to bacterial pathogens. The predominant etiological agents includeChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeae. Viral pathogens such as herpes simplex, adenovirus, and enterovirus may also incite ON. Hospital-acquired conjunctivitis (HAC) rarely affects healthy infants who have received prophylactic treatment against ON. Herein, we report a case of ON in a healthy female newborn female caused byKlebsiella pneumoniae. Following the infant’s and her parents’ treatment, the patient’s condition improved, leading to discharge. Strict adherence to infection control protocols, including meticulous hand hygiene practices, is crucial for attenuating this issue and averting the serious complications associated with HAC.
Correlation of axial length and anterior chamber depth with stature in young adults in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Khanna N. Sindhu , Anitha J. , Sushmitha H. , Nath Reshma S. , Nataraju Nikitha
Published: June 2024

Aim:

The aim of the study was to correlate axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) with stature.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted among 100 patients attending the ophthalmology outpatient department, including both males and females aged between 20 and 40 years, with clear media and without any systemic or ocular pathology. The first comprehensive ophthalmic examination was done on each subject, including vision assessment, refraction, slit lamp examination, and fundus examination. Then subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional and purposive study depending on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were divided into four groups depending on their heights (in cm). Data analysis was performed using SPSS to correlate AL and ACD with stature in young adults in tertiary care hospitals.

Results:

Although the mean values of the height group 179–189 cm are found to be higher, the P value was found to be insignificant (P = 0.343). There was a positive correlation with P being 0.019 and 0.001 in height groups 159–169 and 169–179 cm, respectively, indicating that there is statistical significance in these groups with the ALs. The correlation was significant with P = 0.026 in the group 159–169 cm. Therefore, the height group 159–169 cm has statistical significance with ACD.

Conclusion:

In the present study, we found that there was a statistical correlation between the stature of an individual with their ALs and the anterior chamber of the eyeball. We found that taller young adults tend to have longer AL and ACD.
Functional assessment of knee osteoarthritis in the hospital outpatient care unit
Authors: Hartanto Dedi , Puteri Nur Husna , Ariyani Herda , Nita Yunita , Hermansyah Andi
Published: June 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis is a joint cartilage disease that affects a patient’s quality of life as it limits the patient’s movement, reduces the ability to work, increases emotions, and leads to long-term depression.    
Objective: To report the functional status of Knee OA in outpatient care at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin, Indonesia.    
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a functional assessment of the patient's medical record data. The Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) instruments were used. Fifty-one respondents participated in the study.    
Result: Most respondents were female (86.27%), 50–59 years old (33.33%), and suffered from OA for less than one year (35.29%). In addition, 24 patients (47%) suffered from mild OA, and 27 patients (53%) had moderate OA, reflecting that patients might have issues with their physical function. Of all participants, 60.78% had grade three OA by Kellgren Lawrence's severity classification; others had grade two. All patients received intraarticular injections of hyaluronic acid.    
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between the WOMAC score and the gender, age, degree of OA and duration of OA. Hence, this illustrates that patients would suffer more from OA along with disease progression.
Measuring the national tariff and patient economic burden of chemotherapy treatment for lymphoma cancer
Authors: Samirah  , Suharjono  , Rafii Ahmad , Adityara Radella Aulia , Romadhon Pradana Zaky , Ratri Dinda Monika Nusantara
Published: June 2024

Background: Chemotherapy is the most current alternative treatment that requires many resources and long-term arrangements. All stages of lymphoma cancer use this therapeutic modality. The costs become a financial burden for patients, families, service providers, and the government.
Objective: This study aims to estimate the economic burden and measure the adequacy of national tariffs for lymphoma cancer patients’ chemotherapy.
Method: This research is a cost analysis study examining retrospective data. The analysis uses a prevalence approach and bottom-up processes. The secondary data comprises treatment and claim costs borne by lymphoma cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at a teaching hospital in Indonesia from May 2020 to May 2021. Quantitative analysis was used to calculate the cost of illness.
Results: The data shows that the economic burden of 55 lymphoma cancer patients receiving chemotherapy was USD 38,958.70 per year. Lymphoma patients paid USD 708.34 or about one-six GDP for each chemotherapy visit. The margin between the value of insurance claims and medical costs is from USD 8.41 to 110.51.
Conclusion: The economic burden for lymphoma chemotherapy is unreasonable, but the revenue from the national tariffs is minimal. Hence, the government should promote prevention programmes more than curative ones to minimise lymphoma cancer.
Analisis pendapatan pengepul ayam kampung di Kecamatan Anjir Pasar Barito Kuala
Authors: Sugiarti Sugiarti , Rostini Tintin , Nurawaliyah Siti
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the income of local breed chicken collectors at Anjir Market in Anjir Pasar District, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Respondents in this study were 8 local breed chicken collectors located at Anjir Market in Anjir Pasar District, Barito Kuala Regency, totaling 8 people where the determination was determined purposively, namely all local breed chicken collectors. The data collected in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with collectors using a questionnaire while secondary data was obtained from related parties. The data obtained from the survey was tabulated and then the income of native chicken seller and the R/C ratio were calculated. The results showed that there were 2 marketing channels for local breed chicken collectors, namely: Collectors to onsumers and collectors to Big Collector to consumer. The highest income of local breed chicken seller is IDR 2,574,000 per month and the lowest is IDR 699,000 per month with an average of IDR 1,361,500 per seller per month with the highest R/C value of 1.20 and the lowest 1.09 with an average of 1.14. The overall R/C is greater than 1, so selling local breed chicken is profitable.
Keywords: Collectors; Income analysis; Local breed chicken
Abstrak
Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan pengepul ayam kampung yang ada di Pasar Anjir di Kecamatan Anjir Pasar, Kabupaten Barito Kuala, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah pengepul ayam kampung yang berada Pasar Anjir di Kecamatan Anjir Pasar, Kabupaten Barito Kuala yang berjumlah 8 orang dimana penentuan ditentukan secara purposif yaitu seluruh pengepul ayam kampung. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pengepul menggunakan kuisioner sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari pihak – pihak terkait. Data yang diperoleh dari survei ditabulasi kemudian dihitung pendapatan pedagang ayam kampung dan R/C rasio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Saluran pemasaran pedagang pengepul ayam kampung ada 2 yaitu: Pengepul ke konsumen dan Pengepul ke Pengepul Besar ke konsumen. Pendapatan pedagang ayam kampung tertinggi Rp 2.574.000 per bulan dan terendah Rp 699.000 per bulan dengan rata-rata Rp 1.361.500 per pedagang per bulan dengan nilai R/C tertinggi 1,20 dan terendah 1,09 dengan rata-rata 1,14. R/C secara keseluruhan lebih besar dari 1, sehingga berdagang ayam kampung menguntungkan.
Kata kunci: Ayam kampung; Pendapatan; Pengepul ayam kampung
Pengaruh perendaman daging sapi dalam air rebusan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) terhadap kualitas kimia
Authors: Windyasmara Ludfia , Sariri Ahimsa Kandi , Palulungan John Arnold
Published: June 2024

Abstract 
Beef is a food source from livestock that contains high nutrients. Beef is a source of animal protein that is easily digested in the human body. One way to prevent damage to beef is preservation by soaking the meat in boiling water of bay leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of storage time of beef that has been soaked with boiled water of bay leaves on chemical quality. This research method uses Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). If there is a significant significant difference between treatments, the test is continued with Duncan Multiple Range (DMRT). Parameters observed in this study included pH, water content, dissolved protein and phenol tests. The results showed that the length of storage of beef that had been soaked in boiling water of bay leaves was non-significant (P>0.1) on the pH value and water content but was significantly different (P<0.05) on dissolved protein and significantly different (very significant). P<0.01) to phenol. The longer the storage of beef in the refrigerator will increase the water content and dissolved protein but not with phenol.
Keywords: Beef; Boiled water of bay leaves; Chemical quality
 
Abstrak 
Daging sapi merupakan bahan pangan asal ternak yang mengandung nutrisi tinggi. Daging sapi adalah sumber protein hewani yang mudah dicerna di dalam tubuh manusia. Salah satu cara untuk menghambat kerusakan daging sapi adalah pengawetan dengan merendam daging dengan air rebusan daun salam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama penyimpanan daging sapi yang telah direndam dengan air rebusan daun salam terhadap kualitas kimia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan Analisis Of Variance (ANOVA). Apabila terdapat beda nyata yang signifikan antar perlakuan, uji dilanjutkan dengan Duncan Multiple Range (DMRT). Parameter pengamatan penelitian ini meliputi uji pH, kadar air, protein terlarut dan fenol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lama penyimpanan daging sapi yang telah direndam dengan air rebusan daun salam non signifikan (P>0,1) terhadap nilai pH dan kadar air namun signifikan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) terhadap protein terlarut dan signifikan berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap fenol. Semakin lama penyimpanan daging sapi di refrigerator akan meningkatkan kadar air dan protein terlarut tetapai tidak dengan fenol.
Kata kunci: Air rebusan daun salam; Daging sapi; Kualitas kimia
OPATRENIA NA ZVÝŠENIE KAPACITY TRAŤOVÉHO ÚSEKU DRIENOVSKÁ NOVÁ VES - KYSAK
Authors: Bulková Zdenka , Gašparík Jozef , Zitrický Vladislav
Published: June 2024

Železničná doprava je kontinuálny proces, ktorý musí byť koordinovaný na všetkých úrovniach riadenia a je determinovaný technologickými postupmi. Z technologického hľadiska je dôležité správne určiť praktickú priepustnosť traťového úseku, nazývanú aj kapacita železničnej infraštruktúry. To znamená, akou vlakovou dopravou možno zaťažiť traťový úsek tak, aby vykazoval dostatočnú stabilitu vlakovej dopravy aj pri prevádzkových nepravidelnostiach. Článok je zameraný na spôsob zvýšenia kapacity traťového úseku Drienovská Nová Ves - Kysak s využitím metódy stanovenia praktickej priepustnej výkonnosti vo výhľadovom grafikone. Podrobné stanovenie časov obsadenia úseku pri súčasnom stave a pri aplikácii jednotlivých návrhov nám poskytuje informácie o ďalších možnostiach modernizácie železničnej infraštruktúry v SR. Článok popisuje a hodnotí výhody a nevýhody jednotlivých návrhov na zvýšenie kapacity skúmaného traťového úseku. V rámci budúcej modernizácie železničnej infraštruktúry tohto traťového úseku je potrebné tieto opatrenia realizovať, nakoľko skúmaný traťový úsek je súčasťou RFC koridoru. Zámerom je nielen zvýšenie kvality železničnej infraštruktúry, ale aj kvality nákladnej a osobnej dopravy.
GC-MS PROFILE AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF Tetrapleura tetraptera PLANTS
Authors: Adeyeni E.G. , Ayodele E.T. , Onatolu M. A.
Published: June 2024

Health challenges like arthritis, asthma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, epilepsy, and similar conditions pose significant concerns for humanity. These issues contribute to various health complications, fatalities, and economic losses. Addressing these difficulties requires investigating the capabilities of plants like Tetrapleura tetraptera, renowned for its medicinal attributes. Although its advantages are acknowledged, there is a lack of thorough investigation. This study focuses on analysing the isolation, characterisation, and antibacterial properties of ethanol extracts from Tetrapleura Tetraptera. It provides valuable information for developing drugs to treat infectious diseases and related conditions. Tetrapleura Tetraptera was collected from Ijebu Itele, Ogun State. About 400 g of the samples were soaked in 4000 mL of ethanol. Subsequently, ultrasonic sonicator was applied for agitation, followed by decantation of the extracts. The acquisition of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra was carried out using a Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for analysis. The TetrapleuraTetraptera’sanalysis involved the use of FT-IR and GC/MS spectroscopic data to ascertain potential bioactive compounds in the plant extractsPhytochemical analysis indicated the existence of diverse phytoconstituents, likely linked to the occurrence of secondary metabolites in the plant. The FT-IR spectra exhibited the existence of hydroxyl, ester, and ketones, featuring significant peaks at 3387.11 cm1, 1867.16 cm1, and 1635.69 cm1, correspondingly. The antimicrobial assessment demonstrated notable efficacy against examined fungi and bacteria, surpassing the performance of antibiotics outlined by the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI).The research findings suggest that TetrapleuraTetraptera's ethanolic extracts possess valuable bioactive compounds with significant medicinal properties. Consequently, these extracts could be considered as promising candidates for addressing infections induced by the fungi and bacteria investigated in the study.
PHYTOREMEDIATION IN DUMP SITES USING Moringa oleifera
Authors: Olaoye A. B. , Fatoye A. O. , Kayode S I.
Published: June 2024

Environmental pollution due to human activities is one of the greatest problems facing humanity and the developing countries need to have a better grip on controlling it. Phytoremediation is one of the promising technique that can help. Therefore, this research aims at investigating phytoremediation activity of Moringa oleifera (a tree common to the tropics and the sub-tropics) for the removal of metals in the dumpsites. The Leaves, shoot and root of the tree from four different dump site were collected, dried and ground. Also, the soil around the trees were collected. All the samples were analysed for their mineral content using ICP-OES. This study revealed that Al, As and Ca were both translocated and bioaccumulated in some of the trees. Also, more of the elements were translocated than those bioaccumulated in the trees. These results suggests that Moringa oleifera could be used to to clean up these metals in the environment. However, it also calls for caution on the location of the tree if it is to be used as food and medicine.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL LUPANE-TYPE TRITERPENOID FROM THE LEAVES OF Piliostigma thonningii
Authors: Igwe O. U. , Ejezie M. U. , Ihenetu G. U.
Published: June 2024

A novel lupane-type triterpenoid identified as lup-12,20(29)-diene-3,28-diol was isolated from the chloroform extract of the leaves of Piliostigma thonningii. The compound gave a retention factor (Rf) value of 0.78 on TLC developed in a solvent system of 100% CHCl3 (100 ml). The structure of the compound was elucidated using spectral methods such as FT-IR, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and mass spectrometry. This is the first report on the isolation of a novel lupane-type triterpenoid from the leaves of Piliostigma thonningii.
The Implementation of Surcharge Charging By Merchants in Non-Cash Transactions at the Representative Office of Bank Indonesia Bali Province
Authors: A.A. Sagung Ngurah Indradewi
Published: June 2024

This research aims to determine the application of additional fees charged by merchants in non-cash transactions in the Legal Area of ​​the Bali Province Bank Indonesia Representative Office and how the Bali Province Bank Indonesia Representative Office supervises merchants in payment transactions via EDC machines regarding the action of charging fees. addition. Types of empirical legal research. The data collection method uses interview techniques.
The results of the research on the implementation of surcharge charges by merchants in non-cash transactions are that there are charges carried out by merchants, because the authority of the Bank Indonesia Representative Office is limited to preventive enforcement, repressive law enforcement in the form of administering administrative sanctions can only coordinate with the Bank Indonesia Representative Supervision Office against merchants. in payment transactions via Bank Indonesia's central EDC machine if there is a report from a disadvantaged party. Supervision of Bank Indonesia Representative Offices on merchants in payment transactions via Electronic Data Capture (EDC) machines related to the action of imposing surcharges in the form of providing socialization, education and administrative witnesses in the form of terminating the Cooperation relationship to the party providing the EDC, ordering the merchant to return funds in the amount of the transaction value which indicates the existence of a charge subcharge fees as a form of protection for consumers if there are consumers who report experiencing losses using debit cards.
Business Development Strategy for Bunga Melati Women’s Farming Groups in Bunutin Village, Bangli District, Bangli Regency.
Authors: Putu Zanes Costalina Ge’i
Published: June 2024

This research aims to find out the right strategy for business development of the Bunga Melati Women's Farming Group (WFG) in Bangli Regency. The data collection method uses observation, interviews, documentation and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The respondents in this research were all members of the Jasmine Flower Farming Women's Group, totaling 28 people. The data analysis used in this research is internal and external environmental analysis. The research results show that Bunga Melati WFG has a total IFAS score of 2.87, and an IFAS score of 2.87. The alternative strategy produced by Bunga Melati WFG is 1. Utilizing product diversity and superior quality to expand the scope of product promotion and branding. 2. Study new technological developments to improve efficiency and product quality. 3. Improving the quality of human resources through training and education programs to understand business administration management and also online marketing supported by new technology. 4. Strategy for using digital technology to increase product promotion and branding. 5. Improve product quality to face tight competition and high consumer bargaining power. 6. Product quality-based differentiation strategy by controlling product costs to increase consumer purchasing power. 7. Strategy for understanding customer needs in order to improve product quality. 8. Strategy for developing human resources and increasing competitiveness amidst intense competition and high consumer bargaining positions.
Percentage Attacks of Plutella xylostella and Parasitization of the Parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum on Cabbage in Kintamani District
Authors: Dicky Marsadi
Published: June 2024

Cabbage plants are one of the horticultural commodities that many farmers cultivate in Indonesia because they have economic value, because apart from being able to meet domestic needs, cabbage also has the opportunity to become an export commodity. This study aims to determine the percentage of attacks by the cabbage leaf caterpillar Plutella xylostella and the level of parasitization of the parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum in Kintamani District. This research was carried out in Sekaan Village and Kedisan Village. The research method uses a survey method. Sampling of cabbage plants in the field was carried out diagonally so that 5 sample points were obtained, 10 plants were observed at each sample point. The research results showed that the percentage of P. xylostella pest attacks in Sekaan Village and Kedisan Village ranged from 12% to 28%. The average population of P. xylostella larvae in Sekaan Village ranges from 0.98 individuals/plant to 1.82 individuals/plant and the highest average population of P. xylostella larvae in Kedisan Village ranges from 0.7 individuals/plant to 1.66 individuals/plant. The level of parasitization of the parasitoid D. semiclausum in Sekaan Village ranges from 32% to 56% and the level of parasitization of the parasitoid D. semiclausum in Kedisan Village ranges from 24% to 48%. The highest peak of parasitization was found in the fourth observation (4 WAP).
Early Bronze Age Pottery Bowl from the Collection of the Museum at the “Thracian and Ancient City of Kabile” Archaeological Reserve
Authors: Minkov Petar , Pavlova Borislava
Published: June 2024

This publication is focused on the study of a single, but very interesting object – a ceramic bowl unearthed during the excavations at the “Thracian and Ancient City of Kabile” Archaeological Reserve. The characteristics of the vessel clearly distinguish it from the ceramic assemblage made by hand, and refer it to the time of the Hellenistic era of the 4th–3rdcenturies BC. The aim of the study is to clarify the chronology of the vessel, as well as to point out its parallels. The vessel presented in the study illustrates a detail of the interregional contacts between the Upper Thracе and Anatolia during the Early Bronze Age. In the last two decades, this tendency has been substantiated empirically through the recognition and inclusion in scientific circulation of imported objects or those that represent local imitations of objects of Anatolian and/or Aegean origin. Specifically for the Yambol/Kabile area, this is one of the few – and still isolated – artefacts with a marked Anatolian origin. It may fit in with observations of a two-way corridor transfer of objects, goods and populations (?) through some of the modern Aytos and Karnobat passes across the eastern divisions of the Balkan Mountains. Examples of this comprise both individual objects, and also burial structures situated along the presumed route connecting the territories located on both sides of the Balkan Mountains.
Danny The Red, or How to Destroy the Fifth Republic with 142 Men
Authors: Milkov Hristo
Published: June 2024

The present study draws on a wealth of documentary material on the activities of the French security services such as the Paris Prefecture, intelligence and counter-intelligence, the police and special anti-riot units, as foreign intelligence services such as the CIA, much of which was recently declassified well ahead of the usual term for such sensitive documents. It also includes in-depth interviews, conducted by the author with Bulgarian intelligence officers. This source base makes it possible to analyze in the historical context of the landmark events of May 1968, and the role and activities of Daniel Kohn-Bendit, leader of the March 22 Movement. It becomes possible to present day by day and hour by hour every step of this leader who grows up to be the leader of a nationally representative movement such as the National union of the French students. In addition, his connections with foreign intelligence agencies can be traced. The purpose of the study is to reject the elaborately layered notions and mythologies that Danny the Red was able to “pull the rug” from under de Gaulle’s feet and to destroy his Fifth Republic with only 142 men. Despite his undisputable charisma and qualities as a leader and orator, the cult of which constantly strengthens, this was not possible even for a moment
Bronze Statuette of a Sea-panther with a Rider from Iztochnata mogila near the Village of Karanovo, Nova Zagora Region
Authors: Kovachev George
Published: June 2024

This article presents a bronze statuette of a sea-panther (pardalocampus) with a rider, from the yoke of a chariot, found in the burial mound Iztochnata mogila near the village of Karanovo, the district of Nova Zagora, Bulgaria. According to the theory presented here, the panther and the sea-mammal as elements of the pardalocampus, combined with the rider, are associated with Dionysus and the journey to the afterlife.
Basin Evolution and Tectonostratigraphy of the Late Jurassic Succession, Southern Iraq
Authors: Aoudah Hussein , Al-Zaidy Aiad , Al-Tarim Haider , Al-Taha Noor
Published: June 2024

This study includes the stratigraphic development of the Late Jurassic succession in eight boreholes namely, Si-1, Sal-1, Sa-1, Dn-1, Ki-1, R-172, WQ-15, and KSK -1, within the Mesopotamian Zone. The present study is concluded that the current area represents as part of the northern Arabian plate that was subjected to severe structural deformations prior to the beginning of the Late Jurassic sedimentation, which led to the formation of a vast depression (half graben) that formed a starved basin. This graben was created because of rift-related tectonism called extensional tectonic phase in the latest Middle Jurassic period, which led to the accumulation of high organic matter and formed the source rock (Naokelekan Formation) in the middle part of the graben during their highest and settings. Then this phase was followed by the occupation of the sedimentations (evaporates) in the center of the studied basin during the lowest conditions of the (Gotnia Formation) in the southern Iraq, Kuwait, and southwest Iran. During the highest and system tract after transgressive stage of the Sargelu Formation, the horst surrounding the graben, represents carbonate platforms, which consist of coral structures deposition that follow by Ooids deposits (non-skeletal) and then covered by evaporates sabkha type sediment (cap rock), this succession of sediments called the Najmah Formation. The lowstands stage conditions which are underlying by the sequence boundary type-I, which overlie the Najmah Formation and has been penetrated by Si-1, Sal-1, Sa-1 and Dn-1 wells in the southwestern of Iraq, the sequence boundary considered to be the time equivalent of the Gotnia Formation. The system of the north Arabian plate (Iraq, Kuwait) characterized by an extensional tectonic setting that formed a graben surrounded by shallow water carbonate (horst), while a relatively stable tectonic system predominant at the south-west of the Arabian plate due to its proximity to the Arabian shield, which led to the formation of a wide and flat carbonate platform (Najmah Formation) were covered by Sabkha evaporates.
Groundwater Potential Mapping in Fractured Aquifers Using Remote Sensing and GIS Technology in the Moulouya Region, Morocco
Authors: Driss Moulay , Ifliliss Abdelhadi , Ettazarini Said , Hahou Yousef , Boudad Larbi , Amrani Mohamed , Courba Said
Published: June 2024

Water scarcity remains the main obstacle to sustainable development in regions under arid and semiarid climate conditions. This study focuses on the assessment of groundwater potentiality in the Middle Moulouya and the higher part of Lower Moulouya, Morocco, by using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. This is a multicriteria approach, based on the analysis of five principal factors controlling the existence of groundwater resources, namely fracturing, lithology, drainage, topography and rainfall, and their comparison with the hydrogeological data of 179 boreholes. The use of a dynamic parameter weighting algorithm allowed to obtain a Groundwater Potential Index model with considerable correlation coefficient (r= 0.73) between calculated values of GPI, from considered factors and observed water yields in boreholes.
Determining the Surface Drainage Network Causing Flash Floods in Central Erbil Sub-Basins in Northern Iraq Using GIS and Geospatial Technique
Authors: Mohammad Jumaa , Saleh Sabbar , Amin Diary
Published: June 2024

This research aimed to identify the most important geomorphological and morphometric properties of the Central Erbil sub-basin and the possibility of benefiting from its water by using it optimally for various uses. The study used the descriptive analytical approach to extract and analyze the morphological and hydrological properties of the valleys in the research area to determine the properties of water drainage networks and variables influencing surface earth formation. Watersheds' morphometric parameters are computed and Identified using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems. Central Erbil sub-basin has radial, parallel, and dendritic drainage patterns and spans 2107 km2. Central Erbil sub-basin is divided into six sub-basins. The present study focused on linear and areal morphometric aspects of sub-basins. The study focuses on morphometric characteristics, for example, drainage density, stream order, stream texture ratio, length, bifurcation ratio, frequency, circularity ratio, form factor ratio, and elongation ratio, which have changed over time. Morphometric studies of the Central Erbil sub-basin indicate that it is a sixth-order drainage basin. This means that the basin is highly permeable and has dense vegetation. Aspects of the basin's morphometric study revealed that it has a significant potential for flooding, suggesting that runoff from the watersheds' upland areas has strongly permeated the basin's gentler downstream portion and increased the capacity for groundwater.
Seismotectonic Analysis at Part of Eastern Iraq Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System
Authors: Hamdon Alaa , Znad Rabeea , Adeeb Hadeer , Qubaa Abdalrhman
Published: June 2024

The northern-eastern regions of Iraq are geologically considered one of the most important areas because they have different geological structures with highly complicated morphology and are located near the Zagros suture zone (region of the collision zone between the Arabian and Eurasian plates). Therefore, these areas are very active tectonically and seismically, from this point, this study has been focused on the geological interpretation and seismic activity analysis of the seismic events of the last 10 years on the eastern side of Iraq. This study aims to explain the sources and reasons for this seismic activity and to provide a scenario for the seismic activity in that region. One of the most effective faults in the Lorestan promontory within the Zagros Zone is the Mountain Front Fault, mentioned in this study as a possible fault plane for this seismic activity. Furthermore, the study refers to the regularly continued seismic activity in this area. The United States Geological Survey data, and Geo Forschungs Zentrum data, as well as the data of the international seismological institutions, were used as databases for this study to determine the intensity of the seismic activity and to prepare hazard and disaster risk reduction maps for this area, to avoid any fatal losses and limit damage in the infrastructures. A model was prepared as a result to reduce the risk of disasters and to clarify the activity of the seismic hazard in the area even help to update the seismic code for the area.
Applying the NDVI Technique to Determine the Natural Grazing in the Hauran Valley Area, Western Iraq
Authors: Alhadithi Abdulkhaleq , Alaraji Ammar
Published: June 2024

Natural grazing is characterized by large area distribution and requires more effective and efficient tools. Changes in vegetation from green to yellow colors can be monitored through vegetation indices. This study aims to monitor changes in vegetation cover in Hauran Valley for three time periods, relying on data from the Landsat 8 satellite for the years 2014, and 2019 and the Landsat 9 satellite for the year 2023. The use of remote sensing techniques is represented by the Vegetation Cover Index and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with a threshold of 0.1 to determine and calculate the area of vegetation cover for each season. The percentage of change is calculated through the use of comparison techniques of the tools developed for ArcGIS to detect change in the vegetation index. Maps revealing changes showed a deterioration in agricultural lands for the year 2023 compared to agricultural lands for the years 2014 and 2019. Spatial analyses of Landsat satellite data indicate that NDVI can provide a sensitive tool to identify and monitor spatial and temporal changes in the vegetation status of diverse grazing lands.
Optimizing Water-Cut and Boosting Oil Recovery: Geological Insights from Mishrif Reservoir, Buzurgan Oil Field
Authors: Alhusseini Ahmed , Hamd-Allah Sameera
Published: June 2024

This study utilizes streamline simulation to model fluid flow in the complex subsurface environment of the Mishrif reservoir in Iraq's Buzurgan oil field. The reservoir faces challenges from high-pressure depletion and a substantial increase in water cut during production, prompting the need for innovative reservoir management. The primary focus is on optimizing water injection procedures to reduce water cuts and enhance overall reservoir performance. Three waterflooding tactics were examined: normal conditions without injectors or producers, normal conditions with 30 injectors and 80 producers and streamline simulation using the frontsim simulator. Three main strategies were employed to streamline water injection in targeted areas. Over a 22-year forecasting period and employing seven Strategies, streamline simulation were optimized both oil and water outputs. The hybrid Strategy-7 as mixed between all three outperformed Strategy-1 that was gave highest optimization result for only one strategy, yielding the highest cumulative oil production of 1281 million stock tank barrels, the highest oil recovery factor of 24.1%, and a minimal of 2.5% water cut. This study underscores the importance of streamline simulation in managing reservoirs under challenging subsurface conditions, highlighting that a thoughtful integration of streamlining tactics can significantly improve reservoir performance even enhancing oil recovery and addressing water-related issues. The findings contribute valuable insights for optimizing waterflooding strategies in similar globally geological contexts.
Electrical Resistivity Synthetic Modeling and Field Survey for Subsurface Features Investigation of the Borsippa Archaeological Site, Babylon Governorate, Middle Iraq
Authors: Berhi Fatima , Al-Saadi Osamah
Published: June 2024

The selection of proper field survey parameters of electrical resistivity can significantly provide efficient results within a reasonable time and cost. Four electrode arrays of 2D Electric Resistivity Imaging (ERI) surveys were applied to characterize and detect subsurface archaeological bodies and to determine the appropriate array type that should be applied in the field survey. This research is to identify the subsurface features of the Borsippa archaeological site, Babylon Governorate, Middle Iraq. Synthetic modeling studies were conducted to determine the proper array and parameters for imaging the shallow subsurface features or targets. The efficiency of many array types has been tested for the detection the buried archaeological artifacts by enhancing the data coverage and sensitivity with minimizing ambiguity, from the observations. The applied arrays are Wenner, Wenner-Schlumberger, Pole-Dipole, and Dipole-Dipole. The simulated synthetic model consists of five shallow artifacts or walls embedded in the proposed silt clayey soil deposits. The models were constructed using the RES2DMOD program, and the Inversion approach was conducted using the RES2DINV program. Data of subsurface resistivity variation were inverted using the robust (i.e., L1-norm) inversion algorithm. The results reflect that the Dipole-Dipole array is recommended for shallow depths investigations, while for greater depths, the Wenner-Schlumberger array is proper to apply. The concluded results were applied in real case studies, to effectively image archaeological bodies, and successfully detecting low resistivity zones at superficial and greater depths. The relatively high resistivity features have been imaged which is probably related to the archaeological features. The results of the investigation provide archaeologists with proper insights for assessing and excavating properly the surveyed part of the Borsippa and any archaeological sites in future work.