bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Il mercato antiquariale nella Venezia di Ruskin
L’arte medievale in Germania
Authors: Agazzi Michela
Published: December 2020

Ruskin made his first trips to Venice when the city was under the Austrian domination, a long period which witnessed the dispersion of many Venetian medieval artworks. These items became of interest to a market which had to meet several requests, including high-standard commissions aimed at creating museums and evocative places. This is the case with the massive purchase by Frederick William of Prussia, in the 1840s, of some ancient medieval sculptures in Italy: among them we can find some Venetian masterpieces all bought from the same trader (Pajaro). Frederick William’s brother as well, Charles, bought several Venetian artworks to replicate a Venetian cloister in the Glienicke Palace. Finally, the Church of Peace in Potsdam is adorned with a mosaic bought in Murano, once part of the demolished Saint Cyprian Church.
Songlines: Ruskin and the Roads of Europe
Authors: Hull Howard
Published: December 2020

Ruskin’s Europe can be understood as a network of roads, physical and imaginary, which interconnect in a single vital configuration. Ruskin saw this as a distinct terroir, a cultural and spatial ecosystem created over millennia. What he termed the ‘Old Road’ is an attempt to unify the topographical and historical discovery of physical journeying to a conceptual road of intellectual reflection and the imagination. Ruskin used, but lamented, the railways just as we use, but lament, the internet. These powerful tools come at a price, fore shortening encounter, memory and time. Ruskin fought to defend Europe’s old road as one we are in danger of forgetting and which he called on us to reclaim.
John Ruskin and Kenji Miyazawa
An Idea of Nomin-Geijutsu (Peasant Art) and its European Legacy
Authors: Kawabata Yasuo
Published: December 2020

My paper concerns an aspect of Ruskin’s influence on modern Japan, focusing on the life and work of Kenji Miyazawa (1896-1933), poet and author of children’s stories, who organised Rasu Chijin Kyōkai (Rasu Farmers Association) in the poverty-stricken farming communities of northern Japan, Hanamaki, Iwate prefecture, in 1926. The association was arguably influenced by Ruskin’s Guild of St George, as well as by his commitment to the Working Men’s College. Ruskin’s work had been introduced into Japan during the Taishō Era (1912-1926), with quite a few works translated into Japanese, including Unto This Last and Modern Painters.
Tra nostalgia preindustriale, ghildismo e rinascita nazionale
Il pensiero sociale di Ruskin nel dibattito culturale italiano
Authors: Cerasi Laura
Published: December 2020

Ruskin’s social criticism, which in Unto This Last (1862) harshly condemned the effects of industrialism by mythologizing medieval age and craftmanship, had a wide influence on social reformers of various political orientations. While his work as an art critic was promptly received in the Italian cultural debate, his social criticism found little audience, at least until the turn of the century, and anyway not in the sphere of economic and sociological culture. In this contribution I examine how the circulation of Ruskin’s social thought in the Italian cultural debate between the 19th and 20th centuries was inscribed in the renewed interest in the social function of art, advocated in the Florentine literary journal Il Marzocco with particular reference to the work of L. Tolstoj by young intellectuals such as U. Ojetti, A. Orvieto, and E. Corradini, as well as established critics as A. Conti.
A MEMÓRIA ESQUECIDA DA JUSTIÇA DO TRABALHO DE PERNAMBUCO: “o caso Eurico” (1966)
Authors: Silva Marcília Gama
Published: December 2020

A proposta do artigo se baseia no estudo de uma memória traumática e esquecida da Justiça do Trabalho de Pernambuco, que se desdobra de uma denúncia que envolvia os crimes de “subversão” e de “corrupção”. Essa denúncia culminou com o afastamento de Eurico de Castro Chaves Filho do cargo de Presidente da Justiça do Trabalho, nos idos de 1966, cujas circunstâncias estavam repletas de implicações, só compreendidas mediante o aprofundamento do imaginário autoritário que permeava o período. O percurso da narrativa se dá mediante o trabalho de interconexão de artefatos documentais de naturezas distintas. De um lado, o Inquérito Administrativo produzido na Justiça do Trabalho, que gerou outro inquérito no IV Exército; e do outro, prontuários funcionais e individuais do Departamento de Ordem Política e Social – DOPS-PE, que nos auxiliaram a revelar a trama por trás do fato que sacudiu a história do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da Sexta Região, em que foi possível identificar práticas repressivas constituídas em ambas as realidades arquivísticas referentes ao período militar.
The development and validation of a revised Friendship Activity Scale and Adjective Checklist for use in the Indonesian Unified Sports program
Authors: Burhaein Erick , Phytanza Diajeng Tyas Pinru , Demirci Nevzat
Published: December 2020

The Friendship Activity Scale and the Adjective Checklist were initially developed in the USA
for the purpose of measuring children’s attitudes towards intellectual disability (Siperstein,
1980). This research reports the development and validation of an Indonesian revision of these
instruments, the Friendship Activity Observation Test (FAOT) and the Adjective Observational
Checklistl (AOT) for use in its unified sports program (Special Olympics). Nine experts, with
national and international level experience of 12-30 years, participated in this research. They
comprised a psychometry expert, a sports psychology expert, a children with intellectual
disability (ID) expert, a sport tests and measurements expert, and five unified sports trainers of
children with ID. Content validity ratio (CVR) was used to assess the validity of the revised
items. Following the formula proposed by Lawshe, the provision of a minimum value of CVR
0.78 was established as the criterion. Following the Delphi process, the average validity value
of the items in each instrument was 0.945 for the FAOT and 0.941 for the AOT. The resulting
drafts were then further tested and refined to check the content, construct, and rationale using
the expert panel. The FAOT and AOT instruments when compared to the original versions were
found to have increased utility in the Indonesian context as a result of increased balance in the
number of indicators and items defining each factor, adjusting to the socio-cultural context of
Indonesia, corresponding the instrument items and indicators to the context of unified sports for
ID children, and the provision of implementation instructions, lattices instruments, as well as
an observation-based rating rubric.
The experiences and understandings of the K-13 curriculum implementation of Indonesian teachers of Adapted Physical Education (APE)
Authors: Burhaein Erick , Tarigan Beltasar , Phytanza Diajeng Tyas Pinru
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to illuminate the experiences and understandings of
adaptive physical education (APE) teachers in their implementation of the newly
introduced K-13 curriculum in special needs schools (SLB) in Indonesia. This research
is a replication of previous research (Sigid XXABSTRACT Setiawan, 2018) conducted with primary
school physical education (PE) teachers. Twenty-six APE teachers aged 28-39 years (X
= 34.04, SD = 3.46) who worked with various disabilities in SLB were involved as
participants. Data collected were observations, interviews, and documentation working
within a phenomenological framework. Results indicated that teachers’ experiences of
the K-13 implementation were focused on (1) the acquisition of basic knowledge and
competence, (2) the adoption of the scientific approach, (3) the use of authentic
assessment, and (4) awareness of the supporting and inhibiting factors. The
understandings arising from these experiences were that: (1) the required knowledge of
APE SLB teachers could be found within the supporting government publications; (2)
the scientific approach placed systematic student problem solving at its core, and; (3)
authentic assessment involves a comprehensive focus on the learning and development
of skills, attitudes and knowledge. A comparison of these findings with those of the
primary teacher study showed that some of the additional understandings revealed by
the Adapted PE teachers reflected some of the specific demands and challenges facing
teachers in the context of special needs education. This research should serve as a
reference for novice teachers in emphasizing that good K-13 curriculum learning at all
levels must involve preparation for its implementation and its assessment.
Recommendations for the value of ongoing research of this nature with a broader cohort
of teachers are made.
ТЕПЛОЕМКОСТЬ И ЭНТАЛЬПИЯ НАСЫЩЕННЫХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ (АЛКАНОВ) В СОСТОЯНИИ ИДЕАЛЬНОГО ГАЗА
Authors:   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук, КУЗНЕЦОВ Н. М. , ФРОЛОВ С. М. ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н. Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук,   Федеральный научный центр Научно-исследовательский институт системных исследований Российской академии наук
Published: December 2020

Предложены аналитические зависиМости теплоеМкости и энтальпии насыщенных углеводородов в состоянии идеального газа от теМпературы и от числа атоМов углерода в Молекуле до n = 20. ЗависиМости основаны на анализе структуры хиМических связей радикалов в Молекулах насыщенных углеводородов. Так, увеличение числа n на единицу при начальноМ значении n > 2 соответствует добавлению в Молекулу одного радикала CH2. При n > 4 ближайшиМи соседяМи добавляемого радикала Могут быть только радикалы CH2, так как у краевых радикалов CH3 такие соседи уже иМеются. В такоМ случае Молекула Cn+1H2n+4 отличается от Молекулы CnH2n+2 в структурноМ отношении теМ, что в ней число радикалов CH2, не соседствующих с краевыМи радикалаМи, на единицу больше. ПоэтоМу с точностью до взаиМодействия с более далекиМи соседяМи добавление радикала CH2 при n > 4 приводит к линейной зависиМости теплоеМкости и энтальпии от числа n на изотерМах. Получено хорошее согласие с табличныМи данныМи: погрешность вычисления теплоеМкости и энтальпии в интервале 298,16-1500 K для алканов выше н-бутана сравниМа с погрешностью четырехзначных справочных данных и составляет не более 0,1%.
Preoperative nursing consultation and self-care of cancer patients with respiratory ostomy
Authors: Neiva Renata Otoni , Nogueira Márcio Corrêa , Pereira Adriana Jimenez
Published: December 2020

Objective: to demonstrate the influence of the preoperative nursing consultation in the practice of self-care performed by patients with respiratory ostomy at the A.C. Camargo Cancer Center and to describe what are the self-care practices performed and their limiting factors. Method: qualitative, exploratory study, carried out with 7 patients aged 18 years or older, who underwent preoperative nursing consultation, who underwent surgery with the manufacture of a respiratory ostomy and were able to establish verbal communication. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and a digital recorder and submitted to content analysis. Results: male participants predominated, aged 56 years or over and completed high school. Two analytical categories were identified: “Repercussions of the actions promoted by the preoperative nursing consultation”; and “Obstacles in the search for autonomy in the care of the tracheostomy cannula”. Conclusion: nursing consultation is an important instrument to guide, form bonds and clarify doubts about care with ostomy and respiratory devices, and nursing actions can limit and even prevent the patients from developing their self-care, making it necessary that the therapeutic nursing project is planned to aggregate the patient in this process.
DIRECTIONS AND AREAS OF TOURISM RESEARCH IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Gdańsk University, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Institute of Geography, Bażyńskiego, 4, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland, WENDT Jan A.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the article is to analyze research directions in tourism and the geography of Kazakhstan's tourism in order to identify those areas of research that are most often and underrepresented and cited in the literature, which will allow to identify potential, poorly recognized problems and research directions. The research material includes articles from journals indexed in Scopus. Research methods include statistical and bibliometric analysis of the number of authors, articles, journals and citations. In defining the research fields, classical classifications of research in tourism geography were used. Over the last five years, there has been a clear increase in the number of publications indexed in the Scopus database by over 450% in 2020 compared to 2015. Kazakhstan, tourism and tourism is the most frequently used key words. The articles with key words: ecocultural, marketing, sustainability, development and natural values have the highest number of citations, whose citations exceed the average value for the analyzed set of articles. The conducted research has indicated the most frequently chosen directions and areas of research in the field of tourism geography in Kazakhstan. These include articles in the field of development management and marketing. However, the texts from the ecocultural field have the highest impact factor defined by the number of those cited. Marketing, sustainability, development and natural values are on the next positions.
The relationship of family structure and women’s sport education in the Gokturk state
Authors:   Faculty of Sport Science, Usak University, Usak, Turkey, Kepoğlu Abdurrahman
Published: December 2020

Examining the ethnogenesis system of the Gokturk state, family structure, sports that they formed mainly in war physical education and the involvement of Gokturk women with sports were tried to be determined. The meta-analysis method has been used to achieve this goal. In the early periods of history, the Gokturks gave rights similar to the rights that today's modern law grants to women and children. The family order in Gokturk nation gave each family member some rights and responsibilities while the buying and selling of women and children as goods in other societies, where the father had all kinds of savings on women and children, were common. We can explain the body control and regulation of the Gokturk state as follows: biopolitics for women and men in the archaic period did not differ, even if it differed in the contemporary world. Although the main duty of women is motherhood, they have dealt with all kinds of sports as in the case of the female heroes (inscriptions, epics, rock paintings, kurgans and miniatures). According to the data obtained, social life in the Gokturk state has been constructed in parallel with today's modern concept of gender. Female and male Gokturks were subjected to a physical education that would take part in attack-defense in wartime and in the economy in peacetime (heroism, blacksmithing, mud-brickwork, handicrafts, housework, trade, etc.).
DESCARTES E O PROBLEMA DE PAPPUS
Authors: DE CARVALHO JOÃO BOSCO PITOMBEIRA
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho apresenta a solução do problema de Pappus por Descartes em seu La Géométrie, de 1637, embora ele já o tivesse resolvido em torno de 1632. Para isso, expomos, inicialmente, os preliminares de que Descartes necessitava para resolvê-lo, no Livro I de seu La Géométrie. Pappus tinha resolvido o problema no caso de 3 e 4 retas, e afirmou que nos casos com mais retas se obtinha, também, um lugar geométrico. Descartes não só resolve explicitamente o problema para 4 retas, mas indica quais são as soluções para os casos com mais retas. Os pré-requisitos para a solução do problema de Pappus consistem na construção de uma “álgebra de segmentos de retas”, haja vista que Descartes afirma, logo no início de seu livro, que todo problema de geometria pode se reduzir ao estudo de alguns segmentos, estabelecendo relações entre eles. Essa álgebra de segmentos ensina como se somam, multiplicam e dividem segmentos, e como se extraem suas raízes quadradas. A solução de Descartes é uma aplicação brilhante de seu método para resolver problemas, exposto em seu Discours de la Méthode, do qual o La Géométrie é um apêndice. Com a resolução desse problema, Descartes pretende mostrar que seu método para atacar racionalmente problemas pode resolver, como ele afirma, qualquer problema de geometria. A resolução do problema de Pappus para qualquer número de retas mostrou claramente a força do método analítico de Descartes. Como Descartes se via como geômetra, ele está fazendo geometria em seu livro e não álgebra, ele constrói, posteriormente, o lugar geométrico.
Transferencia de autonomía operatoria en apendicectomía abierta y laparoscópica: Un estudio de métodos mixtos desde la perspectiva de residentes y supervisores
Authors: Senociain Gonzalez Julian Eduardo , Dominguez Torres Luis Carlos
Published: December 2020

Introducción. Existe información limitada sobre el desarrollo apropiado de curvas quirúrgicas de aprendizaje, con altos niveles de autonomía, en residentes de cirugía general en Colombia. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los niveles de autonomía, para la realización de apendicectomía laparoscópica o abierta en un programa de especialización, desde la perspectiva de médicos residentes y supervisores. 
Métodos. Estudio de métodos mixtos que se realizó en dos fases. La primera fase incluyó la recolección prospectiva de la información de cada procedimiento (apendicectomía abierta o laparoscópica), realizado entre agosto de 2015 y diciembre de 2018, en la que participaron 29 médicos residentes. Cada residente evaluó su función (cirujano, ayudante), el nivel de supervisión y el nivel de autonomía intraoperatoria mediante la Escala de Zwisch (EZ). En la segunda fase (cualitativa), se realizaron entrevistas a un total de 15 cirujanos generales que supervisaron la práctica de los residentes con preguntas que buscaban explicar los hallazgos cuantitativos.
Resultados. Se analizaron 1732 intervenciones: 629 (36 %) se realizaron por vía abierta y 1103 (63 %) por vía laparoscópica. El 81,4 % (n=1411) de los procedimientos fueron realizados en hospitales privados. La percepción global de autonomía reportada por los residentes de acuerdo con la Escala de Zwisch tuvo nivel A 28,9 % (n=500), nivel B 18,1 % (n=313), nivel C 30,4 % (n=526) y nivel D 22,7 % (n=393). El 35,2 % (n=388) de apendicectomías laparoscópicas y el 17,8% (n=112) por vía abierta fueron realizadas con un nivel A, mientras el 19,5 % (n=215) de apendicectomías laparoscópicas y el 28,2 % (n=178) por vía abierta fueron realizadas con un nivel D. La explicación dada de los hallazgos cuantitativos fue la frecuencia de apendicectomías abiertas en hospitales públicos, aspectos relacionados con la transferencia de autonomía hacia el residente y el aumento progresivo en el nivel de autonomía avanzada entre 2015-2018.
Discusión. Se encontró un mayor nivel de autonomía en la realización de apendicectomía por vía abierta comparada con la vía laparoscópica, y los niveles de autonomía fueron mayores en hospitales públicos. La explicación a estos hallazgos estuvo relacionada con el contexto clínico y profesional de los residentes.
Lesiones premalignas y malignas del estómago en pacientes sin tamización para cáncer gástrico
Authors: Bedoya Arias Hugo Alejandro , Calvache Carlos , Anduquia Felipe , Hurtado Natalia , Bedoya Santiago , Ramirez Carlos , Soto Jessica , Prieto Ortiz Robín Germán , Orrego Julián , Borraez-Segura Bernardo
Published: December 2020

Introducción. Para establecer una frecuencia de seguimiento como método de tamización en cáncer gástrico, se propone la endoscopia en pacientes mayores de 35 años con síntomas de dispepsia, y en pacientes mayores de 40 años con alto riesgo. La demora en la realización de la primera endoscopia en la vida de un paciente incrementa el riesgo de no detectar lesiones premalignas ni cáncer potencialmente prevenible.

Los objetivos de nuestro estudio fueron describir el número de pacientes mayores de 40 años con endoscopia de primera vez y evaluar la presencia de lesiones premalignas y malignas del estómago en pacientes sin tamización.

Métodos. Revisión retrospectiva de base de datos. Se describieron hallazgos de informes de histopatología en pacientes mayores de 40 años (lesiones premalignas y malignas). Adicionalmente se describieron las variables sociodemográficas de los pacientes con endoscopia de primera vez y la presencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori en la población mencionada.

Resultados. Setenta y ocho pacientes (23,6 %) tuvieron una endoscopia de primera vez siendo mayores de 40 años. En el 44 % de los pacientes se encontró la presencia de Helicobacter pylori, 25,4 % de los pacientes presentaron atrofia gástrica, 23,1 % metaplasia, ningún paciente presentó displasia y un paciente (1,3 %) presentó un adenocarcinoma gástrico.

Discusión. Los resultados de nuestro estudio muestran un número elevado de pacientes sin endoscopia de tamización. Nuestro estudio resalta la importancia del uso de la endoscopia de tamización en la prevención, así como en el diagnóstico temprano de cáncer gástrico y sugiere mayor adherencia a las guías de práctica clínica.
Estrategias de educación en un programa de formación en cirugía pediátrica, como respuesta a la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Figueroa-Gutiérrez Luis Mauricio , Franco Agredo Otoniel , Palta Uribe Diego Alfredo , Dueñas Ramírez Juan Carlos , Solarte Henao Jorge Alexander , Marín Giraldo Andrés Felipe , Acuña Saravia Maria Fernanda , Hinaoui Salazar Marisol , Sarmiento Ramírez Guillermo Alberto , Castillo Clavijo José Luis
Published: December 2020

Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 ha ocasionado cambios de todo orden en el mundo. Las medidas de emergencia han impactado de manera negativa la oportunidad en la prestación de los servicios de salud y los procesos de educación médica. Los educadores se han visto obligados a innovar y apoyarse mucho más en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, con el fin de lograr los objetivos de formación.

Objetivo. Describir la implementación de estrategias de enseñanza para hacer frente a los retos que impone la pandemia por COVID-19 en un programa de formación en cirugía pediátrica.

Métodos. Revisión de los registros y la asistencia a las actividades académicas programadas antes y después de la llegada del coronavirus a Colombia.

Resultados. Como respuesta a la contingencia, y con el apoyo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, se incrementó el número de actividades académicas en un 100 %, se logró duplicar la asistencia a las mismas y la participación de expertos nacionales e internacionales.

Conclusión. La nueva normalidad impuesta por la pandemia por COVID-19 exige a los educadores en salud desarrollar estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje innovadoras las cuales, con la integración de las tecnologías disponibles, permiten enfrentar las dificultades y cumplir con los objetivos de formación en salud.
RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN: DYNAMICS OF THEIR NUMBER (ACCORDING TO THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)
Authors:   R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Studies, MUKHAMADEEVA R.R.
Published: December 2020

This article examines the dynamics of the registration of religious organizations in the Republic of Bashkortostan (according to the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation), as well as the ratio of religious organizations by the type of religion, belonging to the Administration of Muslims, the diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, type of settlement, districts and cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, districts of Ufa in the general composition of all religious organizations registered in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The research results given in this article demonstrate that one-fifth of religious organizations registered in the Republic of Bashkortostan to date formalized their activities in 2003; Muslim religious organizations accounted for 72.3% of all registered religious organizations; the predominance of Muslim religious organizations among the religious organizations registered annually in the Republic of Bashkortostan remains stable. The overwhelming majority of the Orthodox religious organizations belong to the Russian Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarchate (ROC-MP), among the Protestant religious organizations the Pentecostal organizations comprise more than half, i.e. about 61% (60.5%). This article can be used by public authorities, researchers, students and post-graduate students.
A TIRELESS RESEARCHER (ON THE BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF R.N. SULEYMANOVA)
Authors:   Order of the Badge of Honour Institute of History, Language and Literature, ISYANGULOV SH.N.
Published: December 2020

No
DETERMINATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE ROD’S CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA USING VIBRATION EIGENFREQUENCIES
Authors:   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics, UTYASHEV I.M. , AITBAEVA A.A. ,   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics, YULMUKHAMETOV A.A. ,   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics
Published: December 2020

The paper presents solutions to the direct and inverse problems on longitudinal vibrations of a rod with a variable cross-sectional area. The law of variation of the cross-sectional area is modeled as an exponential function of a polynomial of degree n . The method for reconstructing this function is based on representing the fundamental system of solutions of the direct problem in the form of a Maclaurin series in the variables x and λ. Examples of solutions for various section functions and various boundary conditions are given. It is shown that to recover n unknown coefficients of a polynomial, n eigenvalues are required, and the solution is dual. An unambiguous solution was obtained only for the case of elastic fixation at one of the rod’s ends. The numerical estimation of the method error was made using input data noise. It is shown that the error in finding the variable crosssectional area is less than 1% with the error in the eigenvalues of longitudinal vibrations not exceeding 0.0001.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE COMPOSITION OF THE FRUITS LYCIUM BARBARUM L. AND LYCIUM LUTHENICUM MURR
Authors:   Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, SEKINAEVA M.A. , KRIVOSHCHEKOV S.V. ,   Siberian State Medical University, DENISENKO O.N. ,   Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, ZHITAR B.N. ,   Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute
Published: December 2020

The polysaccharide complex (PSCs) of the Lycium barbarum fruits (commercially available and introduced in the research Institute of Biotechnology of Gorsky GAU, RSO-Alania) and wild Lycium ruthenicum (Absheron District, Tugchay River valley) was studied for the first time. The PSC yield from Lycium barbarum L. fruits was 1. and 1.7 % versus 3.1% from Lycium ruthenicum . In the majority of cases, uronic acids are present in the fraction of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS-2) and pectin substances (PS) of Lycium ruthenicum in the amount of 60.0% and 58.0%, respectively. Arabinose is present in the largest amount in all PSK (more than 43%). The second largest monomer is galactose, which is also identified in all polysaccharides. The molecular weight of the 'acidic' and 'neutral' polysaccharides (WSPS-1 and WSPS-2) of the Lycium fruits under consideration differs to a significant extent.
THE SYMBOLISM OF THE EGG IN THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF THE BASHKIRS
Authors:   Order of the Badge of Honour Institute of History, Language and Literature, ABSALYAMOVA YU.A. , MIGRANOVA E.V. ,   Order of the Badge of Honour Institute of History, Language and Literature
Published: December 2020

The article reveals some aspects of using eggs in the Bashkirs’ ritual practice. As a symbol of fertility, the egg was often used in rituals intended to ensure a good harvest, cattle litter, etc. For example, eggs collected team wise were presented to the winners of Sabantuy Festival, boiled eggs were rolled along the first furrow in order to ensure a good harvest or people had fun rolling coloured eggs down a hill, etc. Traditional rites associated with the egg still continue to be preserved among the Bashkirs in a transformed form and are recorded in many places of Bashkir residence; as in the past, eggs often serve as offerings in rituals held before starting spring fieldwork.
Analyzing the spatial-temporal influence of built environment on taxi ridership
Authors: Yuhua Que
Published: December 2020

Taxi is an important component in urban transportation system, which covers wide area and maintains 24h available. Exploring the relationship of taxi and built environment is very important to manage taxi service and improve transportation system. The issue is addressed by capturing the influence of built environment on taxi ridership considering spatial and temporal non-stationarities. The grid cells are developed as analysis units and the global regression model is adopted for preliminary exploring. Then the GWR are implemented considering spatial heterogeneity and the GTWR is used to analyze the spatiotemporal influence of built environment on taxi ridership. An empirical study conducted in Hong Kong Island using one-week taxi’s GPS data demonstrates the effectiveness of the regression models. It’s verified that GWR performs better than OLS, and GTWR outperforms the rest two regression models, indicating both time and space are critical dimensions.
Safety of vehicles for the transport of goods in traffic
Authors: Ivanišević Tijana , Simović Sreten
Published: December 2020

Delivery of goods in cities is a basic precondition for the life and work of the population. Delivery of goods „from door to door” results in an increase in the number of freight and small delivery vehicles. The problem that arises as a result of an increase in the number of vehicles is, among others, the threat to road safety. The paper analyzes the safety of vehicles for the transport of goods in traffic.
GOAL-SETTING IN DGCE: A CASE STUDY OF XXX CUSTOMS OFFICE
Authors: Pratama Dimas
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate goal-setting characteristics in the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE) using the XXX Customs Office as a sample. Document review related to Performance Management System (PMS) was examined, and in-depth interviews with employees in-charge are conducted for data collection. The result showed that goal-setting in DGCE partially had met quality goal characteristics in a way that the goals are specific and unambiguous. However, they are not challenging. Regarding participation, goals are mostly self-set at the staff level while they are more assigned at the supervisor level. From the employee perspective, goal-setting is sufficient to help them focus their effort and also set the work standard. This study also found that performance-related feedback is provided informally or maybe worse, it was neglected. This study provides an initial understanding of goal-setting practice in DGCE for further system development. One implication is to increase the number of mandatory KPIs for staff level.Keywords: Performance Management System, Goal-setting, Public sector, Indonesian Customs.ABSTRAK: Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti karakteristik sasaran kerja pegawai (SKP) atau indikator kinerja utama (IKU) pada Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) dengan sampel KPPBC XXX. Analisis terhadap dokumen terkait pengelolaan kinerja dan wawancara terhadap para pegawai yang bertanggung jawab atau mengetahui proses pengelolaan kinerja yang dilakukan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa sasaran kinerja pegawai telah memenuhi kriteria, yaitu jelas dan tidak ambigu. Namun, SKP dan IKU masih kurang menantang. Terkait partisipasi, sasaran kinerja kebanyakan ditetapkan oleh masing-masing pegawai pada level pelaksana dan lebih banyak yang ditetapkan oleh organisasi pada level pengawas. Dari perpektif pegawai, penetapan SKP atau IKU telah efektif dalam hal membantu pegawai untuk fokus terhadap tujuan organisasi disamping memberikan standar atas penyelesaian pekerjaan. Terkait umpan balik diberikan secara informal atau malah lebih buruk, tidak diberikan sama sekali oleh atasan. Studi ini memberikan pemahaman pendahuluan atas proses penetapan sasaran kinerja di DJBC sebagai landasan dalam perbaikan sistem pengelolaan kinerja. Memperbanyak jumlah IKU mandatory bagi staf menjadi salah satu implikasi.Kata Kunci: Sistem Pengelolaan Kinerja, Penetapan Sasaran Kinerja, Sektor Publik, Bea Cukai.
العنف المبني على الجنس الموجه ضد المترجمين الشفويين العراقيين أثناء الغزو الذي قادته الولايات المتحدة الامريكية في 2003
Authors: Khalifah Sultan Al-Maryani Jasim
Published: December 2020

كان العراقيون الخاسر الأكبر نتيجة لقرار واشنطن إزاحة صدام حسين من السلطة باستخدام التدخل العسكري في عام 2003. وفي هذا الوقت العصيب  شارك المترجمون الشفويون بفاعلية في تسهيل التواصل بين القوات العسكرية والسكان المحليين ، ولكن لكل شيء ثمن  ؛ فقد خسر العديد منهم منازلهم وعائلاتهم  وأجزاء من اجسادهم أو حتى حياتهم. كان الرأي العام السائد هو أن هؤلاء المترجمون يستحقون هذة النهاية  لأنهم خونة ساعدوا المحتلين الأجانب على  قتل شعوبهم  وقمعهم وإهانتهم. ومن الجوانب المهمة الأخرى التي تم إهمالها في البحوث السابقة هو ربط الخسائر بين صفوفهم بالقيود المتجذرة اجتماعيا  المفروضة على حرية عمل المرأة؛ لذا فمهما كن نزيهات في عملهن  مع قوات التحالف ، كان المجتمع ينظرللمترجمات على أنهن غير مستقيمات.

          يحاول هذا البحث جذب الأنتباه إلى أسباب العنف المبني على الجنس ونتائجه بالاعتماد على النظرية السردية للكاتب "والتر فيشر" (1984 ، 1985 ، 1987 ، 1997)، والذي يعامل الناس فيها على أنهم " هومو نارانس" ، أي رواة للقصص يفسرون جميع أشكال التواصل ويقيمونها من منظور سردي. وعندما تم إجراء استبيانات لأشخاص عاشوا ظروف هذه الحرب ، وخاصة من المترجمين الشفويين السابقين والمراقبين المستقلين  اظهر التحليل الإحصائي لبيانات البحث أن هناك اتفاقًا بين أغلب المشتركين على أن هناك  دورا فاعلا للجنس  في تحديد  نوعية العنف الموجه ضد المترجمين الشفويين وكميته  في ذلك الوقت.
Processing agreement in Hindi: When agreement feeds attraction
Authors: Bhatia Sakshi , Dillon Brian
Published: December 2020

Previous studies have demonstrated robust agreement attraction effects in subject-verb agreement languages. It is an open question whether such attraction effects extend to languages whose agreement systems differ from this prototypical agreement pattern. To address this question, we conducted four forced-choice completion experiments investigating agreement processing in Hindi. Hindi has a mixed-agreement system, where subject-verb agreement and object-verb agreement occur in complementary structural contexts. We observed clear attraction effects in both subject and object agreement contexts. But we found little evidence that the distractor NP’s role, case or syntactic prominence modulated attraction. Rather, attraction occurred when the distractor was itself an agreement controller. We propose a Controller Coding account where Hindi speakers actively identify whether an NP is an agreement controller and encode this information in memory, with agreement interference arising primarily when multiple NPs are encoded as agreement controllers.
High Oil Recovery using Traditional Water-flooding under Compliance of the Planned Development Mode
Authors: Al-Obaidi Sudad H
Published: December 2020

The dynamics and performance of major oil deposits in late (final) stage of development of large oil fields are given the current rates of oil recovery. The high oil recoveries are resulted as a consequence of the favorable geological and physical characteristics of the development objects, application of development systems and optimal density well spacing, adequate geological structure, maintain during the process of the development the optimal rates of technological development, the modes of operation of wells and a project of the fund of production wells, continuous improvement of the project systems taking into account the dynamics of the reserves development and the clarification of the geological structure.
Development of the Bodily Self: Effects of Visuomotor Synchrony and Visual Appearance on Virtual Embodiment in Children and Adults
Authors: Weijs Marieke Lieve , Macartney Elle , Daum Moritz M. , Lenggenhager Bigna
Published: December 2020

The sense of a bodily self is thought to depend on adaptive weighting and integration of bodily afferents and prior beliefs. Evidence from studies using paradigms such as the rubber hand illusion and full body illusion suggests changes in the integration of visuotactile bodily signals throughout childhood. Here, we extended this line of research by assessing how bottom-up visuomotor synchrony and expectancy, modulated by visual appearance of virtual avatars, contribute to embodiment in children. We compared responses to a first-person perspective virtual full body illusion from 8-12-year-old children and adults, while manipulating synchrony of the avatar’s movements (synchronous, 0.5 s, 1 s delay compared to the participant’s movements), and appearance of the avatar (human or skeleton). We measured embodiment with both subjective questionnaires and objective skin conductance responses to virtual threat. Results showed that children experienced ownership for the virtual avatar in a similar way to adults, which was reduced with increasing asynchrony, and for the skeleton avatar as compared to the human avatar. This modulation of ownership was not reflected in the skin conductance responses, which were equally high in all experimental conditions and only showed a modulation of repetition by age. Contrastingly, in children, the subjective experience of agency was less affected by the dampening effects of visuomotor asynchrony or reduced human likeness, and overall higher. These findings suggest that children can easily embody a virtual avatar, but that different aspects of embodiment develop at different rates, which could have important implications for applications of embodied virtual reality.
The Experience of Empathy in Everyday Life
Authors: Depow Gregory John , Francis Zoë Lynn , Inzlicht Michael
Published: December 2020

We used experience-sampling to examine perceptions of empathy in the everyday lives of a group of 246 U.S. adults, quota-sampled to represent the population on key demographics. Participants reported an average of about 9 opportunities to empathize per day, with these experiences being positively associated with prosocial behaviour; a relationship not found with trait measures. While much of the literature focuses on the distress of strangers, in everyday life, people mostly empathize with very close others; and they empathize with positive emotions three times as frequently as with negative emotions. Though trait empathy was only negatively associated with well-being, empathy in daily life was generally associated with increased well-being. Theoretically distinct components of empathy—emotion sharing, perspective taking, and compassion—typically co-occur in everyday empathy experiences. Finally, empathy in everyday life was higher for women and the religious, but not significantly lower for conservatives or the wealthy.
Authentic and Posed Emotional Vocalizations Trigger Distinct Facial Responses
Authors: Lima Cesar , Arriaga Patricia , Anikin Andrey , Pires Ana Rita , Frade Sofia , Neves Leonor , Scott Sophie K
Published: December 2020

The ability to recognize the emotions of others is a crucial skill. In the visual modality, sensorimotor mechanisms provide an important route for emotion recognition. Perceiving facial expressions often evokes activity in facial muscles and in motor and somatosensory systems, and this activity relates to performance in emotion tasks. It remains unclear, however, whether and how similar mechanisms extend to audition. Here, we examined facial electromyographic and electrodermal responses to nonverbal vocalizations that varied in emotional authenticity. Participants (N = 100) passively listened to laughs and cries that could reflect an authentic or a posed emotion. Bayesian mixed models indicated that listening to laughter evoked stronger facial responses than listening to crying. These responses were sensitive to emotional authenticity. Authentic laughs evoked more activity than posed laughs in the zygomaticus and orbicularis, muscles typically associated with positive affect. We also found that activity in the orbicularis and corrugator related to subjective evaluations in a subsequent authenticity perception task. Stronger responses in the orbicularis predicted higher perceived laughter authenticity. Stronger responses in the corrugator, a muscle associated with negative affect, predicted lower perceived laughter authenticity. Moreover, authentic laughs elicited stronger skin conductance responses than posed laughs. This arousal effect did not predict task performance, though. For crying, physiological responses were not associated with authenticity judgments. Altogether, these findings indicate that emotional authenticity affects peripheral nervous system responses to vocalizations. They also point to a role of sensorimotor mechanisms in the evaluation of authenticity in the auditory modality.
Regulation and innovation revisited: How restrictive environments can promote destabilizing new technologies
Authors: Park Michael , Wu Shuping , Funk Russell
Published: December 2020

Previous literature offers conflicting findings on how the restrictiveness of the regulatory environment—the amount of rules that prohibit specific activities—affects innovation of firms. One camp suggests that restrictiveness circumscribes the range of available technological components and therefore decreases innovation. The other camp believes that restrictiveness can lead firms to seek new alternative technological components, which could increase innovation. In this article, we develop a new theory on regulation and innovation to reconcile these views, which we test using novel data on federal regulations and the patents of 1,242 firms, from 1994 to 2013. We find that restrictiveness can have both a negative and positive relationship with innovation output depending on the level of regulatory uncertainty and the innovation type in question.
“Explain, but make no Excuses”: Service Recovery after Public Service Failures
Authors: Döring Matthias
Published: December 2020

Public service encounters between employees and citizens are daily fare which, makes the oc-currence of service failures rather likely. However, public service failures and their recovery have been given only little attention in public administration research so far. Drawing from organizational justice theory and cognitive appraisal theory, the effects of different explanation strategies, excuses and justifications, are tested using representative population data from two survey experiments. Results show that justifications decrease the client’s frustration and likelihood to complain after service failures, whereas excuses could even worsen the situation. This article aims to promote public service management research by combining psychological theories with practical relevance.
Intervention levers for increasing social acceptance of conservation measures on private land: A systematic literature review and comprehensive typology
Authors: Tanguay Louis , Bissonnette Jean-François , Turgeon Katrine , Calmé Sophie
Published: December 2020

Private lands are increasingly targeted for ecological restoration and conservation initiatives in high-income countries. However, the fragmented nature of private land tenure, the large number of landowners and their heterogeneous socioeconomic profiles can pose significant challenges for conservation initiatives. Landowners’ attitudes toward conservation initiatives can range from rejection to acceptance and participation, which means that some initiatives will be received with resistance, others with consent. Most research dealing with social outcomes of conservation or restoration initiatives addresses regionally specific case studies, but few studies have attempted to derive general trends. To fill this gap, we performed a systematic literature review of conservation measures on private lands to develop a comprehensive typology of factors influencing the acceptance of conservation initiatives on private lands. Our results show that conservation proponents, despite their limited potency over socioeconomic and individual factors, can seek to improve the approach used in conservation initiatives, as well as the perceptions of their actions, by shaping institutional interactions to increase conservation measures’ acceptability. We propose five recommendations to help support and design conservation programs and to identify intervention levers that may be acted upon to improve the social acceptance of such conservation initiatives.
Perception of Teachers towards the Use of Instructional Materials in Teaching Mathematics at Secondary Level
Authors: Dawadi Shiva Datta
Published: December 2020

The major objective of the study is to identify the perception of mathematics teachers towards the use of instructional materials in teaching mathematics for the students of secondary level and to compare their perceptions on the basis of their teaching experience. The study has adopted descriptive survey design. A set of the questionnaire with 24 statements regarding the use of instructional materials in teaching mathematics was the tool for collecting the data. The statements in the questionnaire were categorized into four categories as availability, appropriateness, self-confidence in using instructional materials, and motivation to use it. The questionnaire forms were distributed to 68 secondary school mathematics teachers of public schools. The data were collected, tabulated, ordered, compared, calculated and analyzed by using different statistical tools. Finally, it was found that teachers have negative attitudes towards the statements under the subheadings availability which indicates teachers do not feel comfortable in gathering the instructional materials in teaching mathematics and they were found to have positive towards the statements under the subheadings appropriateness, self-confidence in using, and motivation which means mathematics teachers are in the favor of appropriate use instructional materials in teaching mathematics, and they were found confident in using instructional materials. And also teachers are found motivated to use instructional materials in teaching mathematics at secondary level. The study also concluded that the perception of the teachers regarding the use of instructional materials in teaching mathematics at secondary level differs according to the teaching experience of the teachers. Interestingly, the teacher with less teaching experience were found more positive in using instructional materials in teaching mathematics at secondary level.
Political Development in Nepal: A Perspective of Participation and Inclusion
Authors: Lamsal Chakrapani
Published: December 2020

The political development in Nepal is analyzed from the angle of interpretive philosophy and the Inclusive approach. Nepal’s practice of inclusive democracy and federal governance is taken into consideration and diverse representation in the constitutional assembly and existing both the houses of parliament is historical achievement. My findings are that inclusive democracy is a suitable form of governance for Nepal where the population is heterogeneous in terms of caste and ethnicity. Delivery of equitable justice and inclusion of marginalized lower-income people is a major challenge for the success of the newly adopted political system. Political development shifts from the nation-state to state-nation, mono-culture to multicultural, unitary to federal, exclusionary to inclusive, absolutism to secularism, monarch to republican, parliamentary to inclusive democracy and parochial to the participatory system.
Relevance of Kautilya’s tax system in Modern Economy of Nepal
Authors: Dangal Dil Nath
Published: December 2020

Taxes, usually regarded as an unpleasant subject, are compulsory levies for the general purposes of the government. The objective of this article is to make comparative study between Kautilya tax system and modern tax system of Nepal. For methodology that helps meet the objective of this study, historical and analytical research design has been used. Based on this objective and methodology, this study finds many concepts of Nepali-modern tax system are profoundly influenced by the tax system of Kautilya.