bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise discriminante e probabilidade de evasão dos alunos de engenharia de produção na UFSJ
Authors: Felizardo Luiz Flávio , Silva Vanessa de Souza , Carmo Gisleine do , Gualberto Daniel Rocha , Antonialli Luiz Marcelo
Published: January 2023

A evasão estudantil no ensino superior é um problema que afeta diversas instituições de ensino, podendo causar desperdícios acadêmicos, sociais e econômicos. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as características que mais discriminaram o grupo de alunos evasores dos não evasores no curso de Engenharia de Produção da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ). Para alcançar tais resultados foram extraídos da base de dados da instituição informações a respeito dos alunos que ingressaram no curso mencionado entre os anos de 2014 e 2018. Posteriormente foi realizada a exportação destes para o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) e utilizada a técnica de análise discriminante. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que existe uma considerável quantidade de evasões acontecendo no curso analisado. Foi possível ainda, encontrar uma função discriminante com precisão real de mais de 90% que permite a preemptiva identificação de alunos mais propensos a abandonar o curso e consequentemente facilitar o trabalho da gestão ou da coordenação para que possam agir de forma diferenciada com tais alunos, a fim de evitar desistências.
Alternate Bearing in Fruit Crops: Causes and Control Measures
Authors: Jangid Rakesh , Kumar Ajay , Masu M. M. , Kanade Nandkishor , Pant Divya
Published: January 2023

Alternate bearing (AB) is a phenomenon, common in fruit crops, is a concerned plant or branch or orchard does not bear a regular crop year-after-year rather heavy yields are followed by extremely light yield and vice versa. Based on the alternate bearing index, it is divided in four groups viz.,  no alternation, less alternate, high alternate, severe alternate. There are mainly two factors are responsible for alternate bearing i.e., exogenous and endogenous factors. Alternate bearing can be managed by cultural practices, selection of rootstocks, and selection of cultivars, chemical application and pruning at right time. Scrutiny of all of the factors are presented in this review to achieve consistent success in induction of flowering in perennial fruit crops. The information may pave way for better regulation of flowering shoots to enhanced fruit productivity in various fruit crops.
Investigating the Impact of Job Insecurity and Burnout towards Employee Performance in Mitsubishi Pontianak: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement
Authors: Tifinny . , Azazi Anwar , Daud Ilzar , K. Maria Christiana I. , Shalahuddin Ahmad
Published: January 2023

Aims: This study examined the effects of job insecurity and burnout on employee performance and work engagement as mediating variables at Mitsubishi Pontianak.

Study Design:  A quantitative approach was used to investigate this study, and as many as 233 respondents who met the required requirements participated.

Place and Duration of Study: The study took place at Pontianak, West Kalimantan with Mitsubishi Pontianak as a background study and was conducted between September 2022 and November 2022.

Methodology: The samples included a total of 233 respondents (80 men, 153 women; age range 20-50 years). The sample criteria in this study were all workers with active status without any minimum years of service and age requirements. Researchers used AMOS 24 software and structural equation modeling (SEM) to process the data.

Results: The t-score value of job insecurity on employee performance is -3.630, which is greater than the t-table value (1.96) and the p-value shows a number below 0.001, less than 0.05 (α = 0.05). These results indicate that job insecurity has a statistically significant negative relationship with employee performance. The test also showed that there is a negative relationship between burnout and employee performance. It proved by the t-score of burnout indicates this on employee performance of -2.234 and a p-value of less than 0.05, which is 0.25. Job insecurity and burnout have a negative indirect influence on employee performance via job engagement. 

Conclusion: This research found that job insecurity and burnout significantly influenced employee performance at Mitsubishi Pontianak. That indicates job insecurity and burnout were statistically significant factors influencing employee performance. Work engagement serves as a mediator, indirectly strengthening the impact of job insecurity and burnout on employee performance.
Audit Committee Attributes and Share Price Reaction of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Gbenyi Gabriel Tyona , Tsegba Ioraver Nyenger , Duenya Moses Imoter
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the effect of audit committee characteristics on share price reaction of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to examine the effect of audit committee independence, expertise, size, frequency of meetings and gender diversity on share price reaction of listed DMBs in Nigeria. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design.  The study used a sample of 12 DMBs from a population of 14 DMBs listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group using the filtering method. Data were sourced from annual reports and accounts of the sampled DMBs in Nigeria. The study period covered ten (10) years from 2011-2020. Pooled Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model was used for data analysis. The results of the study suggested that audit committee independence, size, frequency of meetings and gender diversity have a perverse and significant effect on share price reaction of DMBs listed in Nigeria. The result of the study also established that audit committee financial expertise positively but insignificantly affects share price reaction of DMBs listed in Nigeria. The study, therefore, recommended that financial expertise of the audit committee members should be given utmost attention by the board since it exerts a positive effect on share price reaction. This is supported by the requirements of CAMA 2020 which states in section 404 subsection (5) that  all audit committee members should be financially literate and at least one of them should be a member of a professional accounting body established by an Act of the Nigerian Parliament. The study also recommended that DMBs should strive to maintain a small audit committee size below the stipulated maximum number of 5 as stipulated by CAMA 2020 for effective performance.
Study of QTc Interval Prolongation in Diagnosed Cases of Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Reference to Electrolyte Imbalances
Authors: Naik Manjiri R. , Khade Shamisha , Patel Nilofer Bano Isa , Paramshetti Siddhiraj , Patel Shubham
Published: January 2023

The present study investigate a QTc interval prolongation in diagnosed cases of Diabetic Ketoacidosis with reference to electrolyte imbalances. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are dangerous manifestations of diabetes mellitus representing two extremes in the spectrum of uncontrolled diabetic state. DKA accounts for 14 percentages of all hospital admissions among diabetics and 16 percentages of all diabetes- related fatalities in India. The study was conducted in the ICU, general medicine ward and casualty under Department of Medicine at tertiary care hospital during August 2020 to July 2022. In present study QTc Maximum mean ±SD found in electrolytes abnormal group was 441.11 ± 16.49 and in electrolytes normal group was 424.41 ± 21.30, QTc Minimum mean ±SD found in electrolytes abnormal group was 393.69 ± 8.24 and in electrolytes normal group was 383.08 ± 15.99. QTc Dispersion mean ±SD found in electrolytes abnormal group was 48.75 ± 9.22 and in electrolytes normal group was 41.63 ± 9.88. QTc Mean mean ±SD found in electrolytes abnormal group was 417.41 ± 12.35 and in electrolytes normal group was 404.65 ± 15.81. It is suggested that QTc interval prolongation is an indicator of CAN (Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy) and predictive tool for cardio-vascular mortality (worse outcomes) in patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
Importance of Social Support System on Maternal Experiences of Pediatric Department in the Northern Regional Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Amadu Lukman , Boateng Keren-Happuch Twumasiwaa , Yakong Vida Nyagre , Boateng Williams Kwame , Mary Ani-Amponsah, , Doris Richardson , Antwi Theresa Abena Jamebe , Kpikpitse Dzigbordi
Published: January 2023

Background: Mothers who give birth to low birth weight or premature babies who are therefore highly delicate may experience shock and depression as a result of having their newborns hospitalised in NICUs. This kind of hospitalisation ruins the family dynamic and throws the parents of these infants into chaos and distress. These difficulties span a variety of domains, including social, economic, physical, and psychological ones. For mothers of preterm infants, there are no support groups where they may talk about their suffering, interact with other women who have similar issues, or share experiences. Overall, whilst the issue of preterm births may be getting worse, the Ghanaian environment does not adequately capture it.

Purpose: This study attempts to analyse the importance of social support system on maternal experiences.

Methods: The study, which targeted women with preterm newborns receiving care at the Northern Regional Hospital, used a descriptive design and was carried out in Tamale Metropolis. The purposive sample strategy was utilised to recruit participants for the study. Face-to-face interviews with participants were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, and the findings were examined using theme analysis.

Results: The study's conclusions showed that when participants received knowledge on how to care for their preterm baby and were also shown how to offer the caring activities, they became more confident in doing so.

Conclusions: Support from the staff, other newborn mothers, and the participants' families made it easier for them to cope and encouraged bonding. In order to facilitate newborn care and reduce the length of time preterm hospitalised infants spend in the neonatal intensive care units, management should supply enough logistics and supplies to all neonatal intensive care centres.
Analysis of Patients with Emergency Thoracic Trauma
Authors: Onur Bayrakçi
Published: January 2023

Background: Trauma is an important health problem because it causes high morbidity and mortality. Thoracic trauma is generally categorized as blunt and penetrating trauma. Thoracic traumas are life-threatening and require rapid intervention. Successful treatment is achieved with multidisciplinary management and rapid diagnosis.

Aims: It was aimed to investigate clinical outcomes of emergency thoracic trauma in the study.

Study Design: Trauma patients older than 18 years old hospitalized to the thoracic surgery clinic from the emergency department were included and, patients were excluded without thoracic trauma, not hospitalized, and younger than 18 years of ages in the study.

Place and Duration of Study: Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital wards of thoracic surgery from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021.

Methodology: A total of 114 patients were analyzed. The data of the patients were analyzed ages, gender, comorbidities, smoking, use of alcohol and other substances, types of trauma, localization and variety of injuries, pathological findings on thoracic and extrathoracic organs, methods of medical and surgical treatments, lenght of stays in Intensive-care Unit and hospital, recovery and mortality. Statistical analysis of the study was done using the Chi-square test.

Results: Patients were 87.7% males and 12.3% females. The mean age was 40.3+/-10.8. Comorbidities were 20.2. The rates of use of substances were cigarettes 75.4%, alcohol 14.8% and other substances 15.7%. The rates of types of traumas were 14% Motor Vehicle Collisions, 6.1% Vehicles Striking Pedestrians, 3.5% Acts of Violence, 29.8% stabbing, 13.2% gunshot wounds, 33.4% falls. . Findings of thoracic injuries were 75.4% hemothorax, 72.8% pneumothorax, 61.4% contusion of the lungs, 49.1% fractures of the ribs, 18.4% subcutaneous emphysema, 9.6% cardiac injury, 5.2% diaphragmatic, 1.7% tracheobronchial and 0.8% esophageal injury. Surgically, which were 32.4% tube thoracostomy, 15.7% primary repair, and 10.5% thoracotomy among all traumas. The maximum length of stay in the Intensive-care Unit were for acts of violence and gunshot wounds and the maximum length of stay in the hospital were in acts of violence and falls from height.

Conclusions: Thoracic traumas were more often in males. Penetrating injuries were more common in adults younger than 40 years and blunt traumas in adults older than 40 years. The majority of patients were without comorbidity. Surgically, these were done 100% parenchyma of the lung repair, 75% intercostal ligation, 41.6% thoracic wall reconstruction, 33.3% mediastinal surgery and 25% diaphragm repair in patients with thoracotomy. Rates of mortality were 13.3% in gunshot wounds and 2.9% in stabbing. Mortality rate was 2.6% in all thoracic traumas in the study.
Assessment of the Factors Affecting Open Defecation among Slum Dwellers in Lokoja, Kogi State Nigeria
Authors: Abalaka L. D. , Tokula A. E.
Published: January 2023

In many of Africa's emerging nations, open defecation continues to pose a serious threat to public health and the environment. 946 million people worldwide still use open defecation, and there are around 2.4 billion people without access to better sanitation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the variables that affect open defecation among slum residents in Lokoja Metropolis. The investigation was conducted using a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Lokoja was purposefully chosen because to its metropolitan setting, abundance of slum areas, and inadequate coverage of both family and public latrines. In order to choose the five communities in the slum for the study, simple random sampling was performed. To supplement the home survey, 281 household heads filled out a standardized questionnaire with quantitative information, and in-depth interviews were used to gather qualitative information. Prior to data analysis, all the filled-out questionnaires were cleaned. They were then coded, entered into SPSS, and checked for completeness. Inferential statistics was used to measure the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, and thematic analysis was carried out for the qualitative portion of the study. Descriptive findings were presented as numerical summaries and tables, while inferential statistics was used to measure the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Majority of the slum dwellers either shared latrines among the households (29.7%) or used public latrines (49.8%). At (mean difference= -0.168, p=0.005), there was a significant correlation between knowledge of open defecation and the practice of it. The study found that households without latrine facilities had greater rates of open defecation. The majority of the residents' households either shared restrooms with other homes or used public restrooms. To prevent open defecation, greater government and landlord initiatives are needed to increase toilet ownership and use at homes, as well as to build more public latrines in the study area.
NYC leaders, harm reduction backers tout progress of OPCs
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2023

Just over a year into operation of two pioneering and controversial overdose prevention centers (OPCs) in New York City, harm reduction advocates and city leaders are pointing to numerous successes stemming from the sites’ presence. They have said that the latest data on the operations in East Harlem and Washington Heights highlight the importance of the earliest possible public health response for individuals at risk of a fatal overdose.
NSDUH: More consumers reporting SUD, mental health problems
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

Last week, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) released its 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data.
Federal official on reports — “Tell us what we don't know”
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

There are so many reports on opioid use disorder (OUD) that it's hard to keep up with them. Except for one thing: They all say the same thing, something that has been known for years, even decades. ADAW dutifully reports on the availability of most of them. But the fact was clearly laid out by a frustrated, at times, angry federal official in a background interview with ADAW last week.
Influence of Cu Addition and Microstructural Configuration on the Creep Resistance and Mechanical Properties of an Fe‐Based α/α′/α″ Superalloy
Authors: Morales Luis Ángel , Bezold Andreas , Förner Andreas , Holz Hendrik , Merle Benoit , Neumeier Steffen , Körner Carolin , Zenk Christopher H.
Published: January 2023

Introducing Cu nanoparticles is an effective mechanism for strengthening and toughening Fe‐based materials such as ultra‐high‐strength steels. Herein, the effect of Cu on the mechanical properties of a novel Fe‐based α/α′/α″ superalloy is studied. Compared to a Cu‐free reference alloy, nanoindentation reveals an increase in hardness, which was associated with the formation of Cu nanoparticles. Both alloys show room temperature (RT) compressive plastic strain at maximum stress greater than 8%, irrespective of the heat‐treatment. At RT and at 750 °C, the Cu‐containing alloy exhibits a slightly higher strength, but the heat treatment has a more significant impact: A configuration of α‐matrix and intermetallic α′/α″‐phases forming an interpenetrating network is superior to a state with isolated precipitates. This difference vanishes in monotonic creep experiments, and under the same conditions, the Cu‐containing alloy exhibits a twice as high creep rate despite a slightly higher precipitate fraction. This is linked to a higher lattice misfit and faster‐coarsening kinetics. Post‐mortem transmission electron microscopy analysis of the creep‐deformed specimens identifies dislocation bypass as the dominant deformation mechanism. However, the presence of <010>{110} dislocations in the interfacial networks and evidence of dislocation activity within α′/α″ precipitates suggest the occurrence of shearing events.
In Situ Generation of n‐Type Dopants by Thermal Decarboxylation
Authors: Aniés Filip , Nugraha Mohamad I. , Fall Arona , Panidi Julianna , Zhao Yuxi , Vanelle Patrice , Tsetseris Leonidas , Broggi Julie , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Heeney Martin
Published: January 2023

Molecular doping is a powerful and increasingly popular approach toward enhancing electronic properties of organic semiconductors (OSCs) past their intrinsic limits. The development of n‐type dopants has been hampered, however, by their poor stability and high air‐reactivity, a consequence of their generally electron rich nature. Here, the use of air‐stable carboxylated dopant precursors is reported to overcome this challenge. Active dopants are readily generated in solution by thermal decarboxylation and applied in n‐type organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Both 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium‐2‐carboxylate (CO2‐DMI) and novel dopant 1,3‐dimethylbenzimidazolium‐2‐carboxylate (CO2‐DMBI) are applied to n‐type OFETs employing well‐known organic semiconductors (OSCs) P(NDI2OD‐T2), PCBM, and O‐IDTBR. Successful improvement of performance in all devices demonstrates the versatility of the dopants across a variety of OSCs. Experimental and computational studies indicate that electron transfer from the dopant to the host OSC is preceded by decarboxylation of the precursor, followed by dimerization to form the active dopant species. Transistor studies highlight CO2‐DMBI as the most effective dopant, improving electron mobility by up to one order of magnitude, while CO2‐DMI holds the advantage of commercial availability.
A Self‐Reinforcing Nanoplatform for Highly Effective Synergistic Targeted Combinatary Calcium‐Overload and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Guo Dongdong , Dai Xiaoyong , Liu Kewei , Liu Yuhong , Wu Jiamin , Wang Kun , Jiang Shengwei , Sun Fen , Wang Lijun , Guo Bing , Yang Dongye , Huang Laiqiang
Published: January 2023

While calcium‐overload‐mediated therapy (COMT) is a promising but largely untapped therapeutic strategy, combinatory therapy greatly boosts treatment outcomes with integrated merits of different therapies. Herein, a BPQD@CaO2‐PEG‐GPC3Ab nanoplatform is formulated by integrating calcium peroxide (CaO2) and black phosphorus quantum dot (BPQD, photosensitizer) with active‐targeting glypican‐3 antibody (GPC3Ab), for combinatory photodynamic therapy (PDT) and COMT in response to acidic pH and near‐infrared (NIR) light, wherein CaO2serves as the reservoir of calcium ions (Ca2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Navigated by GPC3Ab to tumor cells at acidic pH, the nanoparticle disassembles to CaO2and BPQD; CaO2produces COMT Ca2+and H2O2, while H2O2makes oxygen (O2) to promote PDT; under NIR irradiation BPQD facilitates not only the conversion of O2to singlet oxygen (1O2) for PDT, but also moderate hyperthermia to accelerate NP dissociation to CaO2and BPQD, and conversions of CaO2to Ca2+and H2O2, and H2O2to O2, to enhance both COMT and PDT. After supplementary ionomycin treatment to induce intracellular Ca2+bursts, the multimodal therapeutics strikingly induce hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis, likely through the activation of the calpains and caspases 12, 9, and 3, up‐regulation of Bax and down‐regulation of Bcl‐2 proteins. This nanoplatform enables a mutually‐amplifying and self‐reinforcing synergistic therapy.
Extrafibrillarly Demineralized Dentin Matrix for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wu Xiaoyi , Peng Wenan , Liu Gufeng , Wang Shilei , Duan Bo , Yu Jian , Yang Hongye , Huang Cui
Published: January 2023

Dentin is a natural extracellular matrix, but its availability in bone grafting and tissue engineering applications is underestimated due to a lack of proper treatment. In this study, the concept of extrafibrillar demineralization is introduced into the construction of dentin‐derived biomaterials for bone regeneration for the first time. Calcium chelating agents with large molecular weights are used to selectively remove the extrafibrillar apatite minerals without disturbing the intrafibrillar minerals within dentin collagen, resulting in the formation of an extrafibrillarly demineralized dentin matrix (EDM). EDM with distinctive nanotopography and bone‐like mechanical properties is found to significantly promote cell adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro while enhancing in vivo bone healing of rat calvarial defects. The outstanding osteogenic performance of EDM is further confirmed to be related to the activation of the focal adhesion–cytoskeleton–nucleus mechanotransduction axis. Overall, this study shows that extrafibrillar demineralization of dentin has great potential to produce hierarchical collagen‐based scaffolds for bone regeneration, and this facile top‐down fabrication method brings about new ideas for the biomedical application of naturally derived bioactive materials.
A Neurospheroid‐Based Microrobot for Targeted Neural Connections in a Hippocampal Slice
Authors: Kim Eunhee , Jeon Sungwoong , Yang Yoon‐Sil , Jin Chaewon , Kim Jin‐young , Oh Yong‐Seok , Rah Jong‐Cheol , Choi Hongsoo
Published: January 2023

Functional restoration by the re‐establishment of cellular or neural connections remains a major challenge in targeted cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Recent advances in magnetically powered microrobots have shown potential for use in controlled and targeted cell therapy. In this study, a magnetic neurospheroid (Mag‐Neurobot) that can form both structural and functional connections with an organotypic hippocampal slice (OHS) is assessed using an ex vivo model as a bridge toward in vivo application. The Mag‐Neurobot consists of hippocampal neurons and superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs); it is precisely and skillfully manipulated by an external magnetic field. Furthermore, the results of patch‐clamp recordings of hippocampal neurons indicate that neither the neuronal excitabilities nor the synaptic functions of SPION‐loaded cells are significantly affected. Analysis of neural activity propagation using high‐density multi‐electrode arrays shows that the delivered Mag‐Neurobot is functionally connected with the OHS. The applications of this study include functional verification for targeted cell delivery through the characterization of novel synaptic connections and the functionalities of transported and transplanted cells. The success of the Mag‐Neurobot opens up new avenues of research and application; it offers a test platform for functional neural connections and neural regenerative processes through cell transplantation.
Active Textile Fabrics from Weaving Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Filaments
Authors: Silva Pedro E. S. , Lin Xueyan , Vaara Maija , Mohan Mithila , Vapaavuori Jaana , Terentjev Eugene M.
Published: January 2023

Active fabrics, responding autonomously to environmental changes, are the “Holy Grail” of the development of smart textiles. Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) promise to be the base materials for large‐stroke reversible actuation. The mechanical behavior of LCEs matches almost exactly the human muscle. Yet, it has not been possible to produce filaments from LCEs that will be suitable for standard textile production methods, such as weaving. Based on the recent development of LCE fibers, here, the crafting of active fabrics incorporating LCE yarn, woven on a standard loom, giving control over the weave density and structure, is presented. Two types of LCE yarns (soft and stiff) and their incorporation into several weaving patterns are tested, and the “champions” identified: the twill pattern with stiffer LCE yarn that shows the greatest blocking force of 1–2 N cm−1 , and the weft rib pattern with over 10% reversible actuation strain on repeated heating cycles. Reversible 3D shape changes of active fabric utilize the circular weaving patterns that lead to cone shapes upon heating. The seamless combination of active LCE yarns into the rich portfolio of existing passive yarns can be transformative in creating new stimuli‐responsive actuating textiles.
Electrochemical Hydroalkylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Alkyl Halides
Authors: Qiu Zhihong , Huang Xianting , Wu Jintao , Liu Zhong‐Quan
Published: January 2023

We reported herein an electrochemically reductive alkylation, allylation and propargylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with haloalkanes. In an undivided cell, treatment of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and alkyl halides with constant current, a wide range of 3‐alkylated‐3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one and its derivatives can be isolated in 25–87% yields.

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Ecological niche models of productive corn races under climate change scenarios in central‐eastern Mexico
Authors: Estrada‐Contreras Israel , Pavón Numa P. , Cadena Jessica Bravo , Bourg Amandine
Published: January 2023

Corn (Zea mays L.) is the basis of the Mexican diet. In this country, corn is produced by about 2.5 million small farmers and grown on 8.4 million hectares in rainfed agriculture. However, its production is not enough to meet demand. Climate change may negatively impact corn production, putting Mexico's food security at risk. The main goal of this work was to identify which corn races can find favorable environmental conditions in the future under climate change scenarios in the Sierra Madre Oriental. The Sierra Madre is a region highly vulnerable to climate change; in 2020, corn production was 5,785,561 Mg yr−1 of which 49.87% was from rainfed agriculture. These corn races could be proposed to replace others not tolerant to climate change, mainly at high altitudes. Potential distribution models were obtained for seven highly productive maize races. The projections were generated with the MaxLike algorithm using representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios to 2050 and 2070. In addition, general circulation models (CCSM4, GISS.E2‐R, and MPI‐ESM‐LR) were used. Our results show that the Tabloncillo and Tuxpeño races could slightly increase their potential distribution in the future. Both corn races present the highest number of municipalities with adequate environmental conditions for their future presence. As a strategy for adaptation to climate change, it is proposed to replace or complement maize races in high‐altitude areas with other tropical ones with greater tolerance to high temperatures, such as the Tuxpeño race.
Removal of apical dominance in common buckwheat improves grain fill and yield
Authors: Zhang Yu , He Peiyun , Huang Xiaoyan , Huang Kaifeng
Published: January 2023

Poor grain filling and light grain test weight limit the grain yield potential of crops. The quality of grain filling is closely related to the grains on the position of the plant. This study assesses the positive effect of apical dominance removal treatment (ADR) on poor grain filling and the yield formation of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Common buckwheat cultivar “Fengtian 1” was used to study the effects of ADR on grain filling, starch synthesis enzyme activities, endogenous hormone content, root morphology and physiology, and yield. Compared to no apical dominance removal (CK), the grain filling rate, abscisic acid (ABA), and indo‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) content of grains of the ADR treatment were increased by 54.9%, 26.2%, and 24.5%, respectively. The ADR treatment had better root growth and stronger antioxidant enzyme activity than the CK treatment. The grains per plant, grain weight per plant, and yield in the ADR treatment were 1.17, 1.34, and 1.12 times higher than the CK treatment, respectively. The findings indicate high starch synthesis activity, and high ABA and IAA contents accounted for the increased grain weight and filling rate of buckwheat grains in the ADR treatment. This research demonstrates potential for improved management in buckwheat production to increase the yield and improve the grain quality.
Statistical kinetic modeling procedure for cationic polymerization and its application to polyisobutylene
Authors: Shim Sang H. , Choi Junkeol , Lee Seungcheol , Lee Jay H.
Published: January 2023

A statistical modeling procedure is established for carbocation polymerization with the characteristics of living with chain transfer. A single state model is suggested for cases of narrow molecular weight distribution, whereas a multi‐state model is claimed for cases of broad distribution. In the multi‐state case, it is demonstrated how the overall kinetics can be derived using the expectations and variances of the kinetic parameters rather than those of individual states, thereby simplifying the modeling step. Although the expectation and variance do not follow the relationship of the Arrhenius equation, a procedure is given for how to account for temperature dependence. The proposed statistical method minimizes the number of parameters to identify and therefore is expected to help establish a model with fewer experiments. The whole procedure is demonstrated through an experimental study of isobutylene polymerization.
Simulation of mass transfer and kinetics during double‐network formation using a heterogeneous model
Authors: Jin Jie , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Luo Zheng‐Hong
Published: January 2023

A detailed heterogeneous model considering the thermodynamic incompatibility was developed to simulate polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PU/PMMA) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) formation. The Gibbs free energy was calculated to predict the phase separation point and a two‐film theory was used to quantify the mass transfer between the PU‐rich phase and the PMMA‐rich phase. Compared with the homogeneous model, the cross‐linking density of PMMA increases rapidly during the network formation, because the monomer dispersion in two phases improves the possibility of free radical cross‐linking reaction, whereas the cross‐linking density of PU is unaffected. Simulations show that the partitioning of monomer significantly affects the PMMA network structure. The phase separation is strongly dependent on the onset of MMA polymerization. The proposed model allows visualizing of the IPN formation process and provides direction for reducing the extent of phase separation. Moreover, the structural information derived from the simulations can be further related to the properties.
Association between comorbid mental illness and preceding emergency department visits in unplanned admissions
Authors: Okuma Ayako , Nakajima Mikio , Sonoo Tomohiro , Nakamura Kensuke , Goto Tadahiro
Published: January 2023

Aim

To investigate the association between comorbid mental illness and preceding emergency department (ED) visits in patients with unplanned admission.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational study using data from the EDs of three large tertiary medical facilities in Japan. We included adult patients who were admitted to these hospitals via the ED from 2017 to 2020. To investigate whether patients with mental illness were more likely to have preceding ED visits within 30 days prior to unplanned admissions compared with those without, we used univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. In the multivariable model, we adjusted for age category, gender, facility, year, and ambulance use.

Results

Out of 15,429 total admissions, 766 (5.0%) cases had documented comorbid mental illness and 14,663 (95.0%) did not. The prevalence of preceding ED visits among patients with mental illness was significantly higher than in those without (17.1% vs 8.8%; unadjusted odds ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76–2.61; P < 0.001). This association was more prominent in the multivariable regression model (adjusted odds ratio 2.40, 95% CI 1.97–2.94; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The presence of mental illness was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of preceding ED visits within 30 days prior to the unplanned admission. The result suggests that physicians should be more cautious in discharging patients with mental illness from the EDs and in providing care after ED discharge.
Low Concentration Sulfolane‐Based Electrolyte for High Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Zhang Hao , Lu Jun , Li Ge
Published: January 2023

Electrolyte engineering is crucial for the commercialization of lithium metal batteries. Here, lithium metal is stabilized in the highly reactive sulfolane‐based electrolyte under low concentration (0.25 M) for the first time. Inorganic‐polymer hybrid solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with high ionic conductivity, low bonding with lithium and high flexibility enables dense chunky lithium deposition and high plating/stripping efficiency. Low concentration electrolyte (LCE) also enables excellent cycling stability of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523)/Li cells at 1 C (90.7 % retention after 500 cycles) and 0.3 C (83.3 % retention after 1000 cycles). With a low N/P ratio (≈2), the capacity retention for NCM523/Li cells can achieve 94.3 % after 100 cycles at 0.3 C. Exploring the LCE is of paramount significance because it provides more possibilities of the lithium salt selections, especially reviving some lithium salts that are excluded before due to their low solubility. More importantly, LCE has the significant advantage of commercialization due to its cost‐effectiveness.
In‐Situ Constructing A Heterogeneous Layer on Lithium Metal Anodes for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition and High Li‐ion Flux
Authors: Liu Hong‐Jun , Yang Cheng‐Ye , Han Mei‐Chen , Yu Chun‐Yu , Li Xiaofeng , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Qu Jin
Published: January 2023

Constructing efficient artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film is extremely vital for the practical application of lithium metal batteries. Herein, a dense artificial SEI film, in which lithiophilic Zn/LixZny are uniformly but nonconsecutively dispersed in the consecutive Li+‐conductors of LixSiOy, Li2O and LiOH, is constructed via the in situ reaction of layered zinc silicate nanosheets and Li. The consecutive Li+‐conductors can promote the desolvation process of solvated‐Li+ and regulate the transfer of lithium ions. The nonconsecutive lithiophilic metals are polarized by the internal electric field to boost the transfer of lithium ions, and lower the nucleation barrier. Therefore, a low polarization of ≈50 mV for 750 h at 2.0 mA cm−2 in symmetric cells, and a high capacity retention of 99.2 % in full cells with a high lithium iron phosphate areal loading of ≈13 mg cm−2 are achieved. This work offers new sights to develop advanced alkali metal anodes for efficient energy storage.
Enhancing Built‐in Electric Fields for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Encapsulating C60 Fullerene into Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Liu Liping , Meng Haibing , Chai Yongqiang , Chen Xianjie , Xu Jingyi , Liu Xiaolong , Liu Weixu , Guldi Dirk M. , Zhu Yongfa
Published: January 2023

High‐efficiency photocatalysts based on metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are often limited by poor charge separation and slow charge‐transfer kinetics. Herein, a novel MOF photocatalyst is successfully constructed by encapsulating C60 into a nano‐sized zirconium‐based MOF, NU‐901. By virtue of host‐guest interactions and uneven charge distribution, a substantial electrostatic potential difference is set‐up in C60@NU‐901. The direct consequence is a robust built‐in electric field, which tends to be 10.7 times higher in C60@NU‐901 than that found in NU‐901. In the catalyst, photogenerated charge carriers are efficiently separated and transported to the surface. For example, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaches 22.3 mmol g−1 h−1 for C60@NU‐901, which is among the highest values for MOFs. Our concept of enhancing charge separation by harnessing host‐guest interactions constitutes a promising strategy to design photocatalysts for efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion.
Skalierbare Synthese von Multi‐Metall‐Elektrokatalysatorpulvern und ‐elektroden und ihre Anwendung für die Sauerstoffentwicklung und Wasserspaltung
Authors: Cechanaviciute Ieva A. , Antony Rajini P. , Krysiak Olga A. , Quast Thomas , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Saddeler Sascha , Telaar Pascal , Chen Yen‐Ting , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

Multimetall‐Elektrokatalysatoren bieten nahezu unbegrenzte katalytische Möglichkeiten, die sich aus synergistischen Elementwechselwirkungen ergeben. Wir schlagen eine Polymer/Metallsalz‐Sprühtechnik vor, die leicht angepasst werden kann, um eine große Vielfalt von Multimetall‐Katalysatormaterialien mit unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung herzustellen. Um dies zu demonstrieren, wurden 11 Katalysatoren synthetisiert, charakterisiert und für die Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (OER) untersucht. Weitere Untersuchungen des aktivsten OER‐Katalysators, nämlich CoNiFeMoCr, ergaben eine polykristalline Struktur, und Operando‐Raman‐Messungen deuten darauf hin, dass mehrere aktive Zentren an der Reaktion beteiligt sind. Darüber hinaus wurden auf Ni‐Schaum basierende CoNiFeMoCr‐Elektroden entwickelt und für die Wasserspaltung in Durchflusselektrolysezellen mit Elektrolytspalten und in “zero‐gap” Membran‐Elektroden‐Anordnungen (MEA) eingesetzt. Die alkalischen MEA‐Elektrolyseure erreichten bis zu 3 A cm−2, und 24‐Stunden‐Messungen zeigten keinen Verlust der Stromdichte von 1 A cm−2.
Metal‐Backboned Polymers with Well‐Defined Lengths
Authors: Zeng Kaiwen , Yang Yibei , Xu Jianing , Wang Ning , Tang Weiqiang , Xu Jianchen , Zhang Yifeng , Wu Yanruzhen , Xu Yifei , Wang Guowei , Chen Peining , Wang Bingjie , Sun Xuemei , Jin Guoxin , Peng Huisheng
Published: January 2023

Constructing the backbones of polymers with metal atoms is an attractive strategy to develop new functional polymeric materials, but it has yet to be studied due to synthetic challenges. Here, metal atoms are interconnected as the backbones of polymers to yield metal‐backboned polymers (MBPs). Rational design of multidentate ligands synthesized via an efficient iterative approach leads to the successful construction of a series of nickel‐backboned polymers (NBPs) with well‐defined lengths and up to 21 nickel atoms, whose structures are systematically confirmed. These NBPs exhibit strong and length‐depended absorption with narrow band gaps, offering promising applications in optoelectronic devices and semiconductors. We also demonstrate the high thermal stability and solution processsability of such nickel‐backboned polymers. Our results represent a new opportunity to design and synthesize a variety of new metal‐backboned polymers for promising applications in the future.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Doyle–Kirmse Reaction of Azide‐Ynamides via α‐Imino Copper Carbenes
Authors: Liu Xin , Liu Li‐Gao , Chen Can‐Ming , Li Xiao , Xu Zhou , Lu Xin , Zhou Bo , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: January 2023

[2,3]‐Sigmatropic rearrangement reaction involving sulfonium ylide (Doyle–Kirmse reaction) generated from metal carbenes represents one of the powerful methods for the construction of C(sp3)−S and C−C bonds. Although significant advances have been achieved, the asymmetric versions via the generation of sulfonium ylides from metal carbenes have been rarely reported to date, and they have so far been limited to diazo compounds as metal carbene precursors. Here, we describe a copper‐catalyzed enantioselective Doyle–Kirmse reaction via azide‐ynamide cyclization, leading to the practical and divergent assembly of an array of chiral [1,4]thiazino[3,2‐b]indoles bearing a quaternary carbon stereocenter in generally moderate to excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Importantly, this protocol represents a unique catalytic asymmetric Doyle–Kirmse reaction via a non‐diazo approach and an unprecedented asymmetric [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement via α‐imino metal carbenes.
Scalable Synthesis of Multi‐Metal Electrocatalyst Powders and Electrodes and their Application for Oxygen Evolution and Water Splitting
Authors: Cechanaviciute Ieva A. , Antony Rajini P. , Krysiak Olga A. , Quast Thomas , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Saddeler Sascha , Telaar Pascal , Chen Yen‐Ting , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

Multi‐metal electrocatalysts provide nearly unlimited catalytic possibilities arising from synergistic element interactions. We propose a polymer/metal precursor spraying technique that can easily be adapted to produce a large variety of compositional different multi‐metal catalyst materials. To demonstrate this, 11 catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Further investigation of the most active OER catalyst, namely CoNiFeMoCr, revealed a polycrystalline structure, and operando Raman measurements indicate that multiple active sites are participating in the reaction. Moreover, Ni foam‐supported CoNiFeMoCr electrodes were developed and applied for water splitting in flow‐through electrolysis cells with electrolyte gaps and in zero‐gap membrane electrode assembly (MEA) configurations. The proposed alkaline MEA‐type electrolyzers reached up to 3 A cm−2, and 24 h measurements demonstrated no loss of current density of 1 A cm−2.
Influence of multiple slips and magnetic effects on the quadratic convective flow over a vertical wedge
Authors: Patil Prabhugouda M. , Benawadi Sunil , Hiremath Prakash S.
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the quadratic convective flow of Williamson nanoliquid with the impacts of velocity, thermal and concentration slips over a vertical wedge. Further, the magnetic effects and the Buongiorno two‐phase nanoparticle model are considered. The study of this type of flows over a vertical wedge appears in various engineering applications such as thermal insulation, engine parts of vehicles, aerospace, crude oil extraction and heat exchangers. The physical problem is formulated as a set of quadratic coupled partial differential equations (PDEs), which are dimensional. Further, the dimensionless PDEs obtained by the non‐similar transformations are solved with the aid of the implicit finite difference method and the Quasilinearization technique. The effects of slip parameters, streamwise coordinate, fluid material parameters and magnetic field on various gradients and profiles are explored through graphs. The greater values of concentration slip and thermal slip parameters improve the concentration and temperature profiles, but the fluid's velocity is reduced with the velocity slip parameter. The streamwise coordinate significantly influences the fluid's velocity more than the concentration and temperature profiles. The velocity and skin friction coefficient are pronounced more for a higher wedge angle. Also, the numerical results of this investigation compared to similar works that have been published before show that they are very consistent.
Preparation and properties research of a bifunctional hydrophobic associative polymer drag reduction agent for slick water
Authors: Sun Yuan , Zhou Chengyu , Li Yifan , Zhou Min , Zeng Linghao , Li Benhui , Fan Yuzhu , Bao Dan , Chen Wenke
Published: January 2023

In this study, the bifunctional hydrophobic associative polymer of Acrylamide/2‐Acrylamido‐2‐Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid/Lauryl Methacrylate/N,N‐dodecyl Acrylamide (AALD12) with better salt resistance and shear resistance was synthesized by free‐radical micelle polymerization for use as a drag reduction in shale slip water fracturing. In deionized water, the critical associative concentration (CAC) of AALD12 was 0.23%. AALD12 was determined to be theoretically usable for a shale reservoir within 240°C based on its TG study. Microstructure, viscoelasticity, and shear recovery tests show that the polymer has good drag reduction potential and shear resistance. The reduction rates of the polymer AALD12 and the drag reduction agent RSH‐1 in clear water were 77% and 73% (RSH‐1 is a commonly used emulsion‐type drag reduction agent in the market). At the same salt concentration (K+ and Ca2+, 50,000 ppm) and flow rate (40 L/min), AALD12 can maintain a maximum reduction rate of about 63%. The drag reduction rate of RSH‐1 in K+ and Ca2+ solutions can only be maintained at about 52% and 28%, respectively. In the shear resistance test, AALD12 and RSH‐1 were each subjected to three times of cyclic shear in the test pipe. The drag reduction rate of the polymer AALD12 solution can still reach more than 72%. The drag reduction rate of the RSH‐1 solution is about 56%. The drag reduction agent has good salt resistance and anti‐shear bifunction.
High‐performance quaternized hollow fiber membrane with sponge pore structure for fast adsorbing dichloroacetic acid from water by flow‐through adsorption
Authors: Guo Yao‐Shen , Chen Cheng , Lin Chun‐Er , Zhu Li‐Ping , Liu Hong‐Xing
Published: January 2023

Dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), one of the disinfection by‐products in water, has showed critical harm to human health since it can cause cancer, teratogen and mutagen. Herein, a quaternized hollow fiber membrane was fabricated by ring‐open reaction via a facile one‐step immersion method, which could fast adsorb DCAA by flow‐through adsorption. The obtained membrane with a sponge pore structure, which was quaternized at 60°C in an alkaline solution, exhibited excellent adsorption performance with removal percentage of 100%, life span up to 100 L and treating capacity of 24.8 mg m−2. Meanwhile, the optimal membrane exhibited the exceptional performance in a neutral test solution compared with acid or alkaline test solution. It was concluded that electrostatic attraction between positively charged quaternary ammonium groups and negatively charged DCAA was responsible for the adsorption mechanism. Additionally, fitting results indicated that the adsorption of DCAA onto the membrane was mainly dominated by homogeneous monolayer adsorption. This work developed a facile approach to prepare a novel quaternized membrane with outstanding adsorption performance, which demonstrated huge potentials in the molecular separation and water purification fields.