bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Rolling Reduction on Cold Forming Properties of Commercially Pure Titanium Sheet
Authors: Zhang Run Qi , Cai Yi Qin , Wang Hao Xu , Li Zhuang , Zhou Qi
Published: June 2019

Different cold rolling reductions were adopted for commercially pure titanium sheet. Cold forming properties were investigated by a microstructural analysis, Vickers microhardness and erichsen value measurements. The results have shown that Cold rolling resulted in refined alpha grains. Alpha grain size was refined further by greater cold reduction. Alpha grain sizes of the specimens of processing 1, 2 and 3 reached 30.90 μm, 26.48 μm and 20.58 μm, respectively. Cold forming properties were affected by different alpha grain sizes. The hardness and erichsen value reached the lowest and the highest values for the specimens in processing 1. The hardness increased and erichsen value decreased due to the finer alpha grain size for the specimen which was cold-rolled at a reduction of 50% in processing 2. Erichsen test results of the specimens of processing 3 had the lowest values due to the deformation of a reduction of 70%. Cold forming properties of the specimens of processing 3 were deteriorated, this is because deformation leads to the high dislocation density and the stored energy increases with accumulated strain after deformation.
Research on Forming Quality of AlSi10Mg Powder for SLM Process
Authors: Ma Da Wei , Zhang Wen Bin , Liu Guo Fang
Published: June 2019

In order to study the forming quality of AlSi10Mg powder for SLM process without supporting structure, as well as lay the foundation of subsequence structural design of Aluminum SLM technique, a series of typical coupons have been designed and printed. Based on comprehensive consideration of layout direction, overhang angle, hole size, etc., Xline 2000R with optimized process parameter has been used as SLM equipment for AlSi10Mg powder. Through the analysis of printed coupons, the beneficial conclusion is made which can be used to guide future design, especially for the structure with complex shape.
Sixty Earth-Day Test of a Prototype Pt/HTCC Alumina Package in a Simulated Venus Environment
Authors: Chen Liangyu , Neudeck Philip G. , Meredith Roger D. , Lukco Dorothy , Spry David J. , Nakley Leah M. , Phillips Kyle G. , Beheim Glenn M. , Hunter Gary W.
Published: June 2019

This article presents experimental results of a prototype high-temperature cofired ceramic (HTCC) package with Au/Pt metallization in a three-phase harsh environment test that culminated with a 60-d demonstration in a simulated Venus surface environment consisting of a 465°C corrosive atmosphere at 90 bar pressure. The prototype package is based on a previously developed and reported HTCC package successfully tested with multiple analog and digital silicon carbide high-temperature semiconductor integrated circuits in 500°C Earth air ambient for more than 10,000 hours, and short-term tested at temperatures above 800°C. The three-phase harsh environment test started with 48 h in 465°C Earth air, followed by 48 h in 465°C nitrogen at 90 bar pressure and 1,400 h in a simulated Venus surface environment of 465°C corrosive atmosphere at 90 bar. In addition to in situ electrical tests in a three-phase harsh environment and posttest electrical diagnosis, initial posttest analysis of the package materials and surfaces was performed to assess the stability of the packaging materials in the testing environments, as well as the surface conditions after the test. The test in the simulated Venus environment was implemented in the NASA Glenn Extreme Environment Rig. The results of this study suggest that an effective encapsulation of areas of surface metallization and vicinities may help improve the long-term electrical performance of an HTCC alumina packaging system in a Venus environment.
A High-Fidelity Simulation Is Effective in Improving Athletic Training Students' Self-Efficacy with Emergency Cardiovascular Care Skills
Authors: Paloncy Kristin A. , Georges Leah , Liggett Allan J.
Published: June 2019

Context

High-fidelity simulation can provide an ideal adjunct to clinical or real-world experience by providing a realistic and safe learning environment for the practice of low-incident encounters.

Objective

Given that levels of perceived self-efficacy are malleable and high-fidelity simulation can provide many positive outcomes, the purpose of this study was to determine whether participation in a high-fidelity simulated cardiovascular emergency scenario using the Laerdal SimMan in a university simulation center in the United States increased undergraduate athletic training students' self-efficacy scores.

Design

Cohort design with repeated measures.

Patients or Other Participants

Convenience sample of undergraduate athletic training students (n = 46) enrolled in a professional program at a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university in the Midwest.

Intervention(s)

Participation in or observation of a high-fidelity cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) simulation.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Self-efficacy scores before, immediately after, and 6 months after simulation.

Results

There was a significant main effect for the 3 repeated measures, with the scores steadily increasing significantly from pretest (mean = 7.60, SD = 1.13) to posttest (mean = 8.04, SD = 1.22, P = .001), then again from immediate posttest to the 6-month posttest (mean = 8.38, SD = 1.04, P = .04). Scores among the participants (mean = 8.21, SD = 1.03) were not significantly higher than scores among the observers (mean = 7.85, SD = 1.40). Scores at the 6-month follow-up posttest (mean = 8.38, SD = 1.04) significantly increased from the posttest immediately after the simulation (P = .04).

Conclusions

Participating in or observing high-fidelity CPR simulation is an effective method of providing deliberate practice opportunities for athletic training students to increase self-efficacy related to CPR techniques.
Effective Teaching Methods for the Assessment and Treatment of Exertional Heat Illness in Athletic Training Education
Authors: Kinslow Beth L. , Schmies Holly , Armstrong Kirk J. , Martin Malissa
Published: June 2019

Context

Athletic training education should focus on evidence-based teaching through providing authentic learning opportunities.

Objective

To examine the effectiveness of 2 different instructional methods' impact on pre–athletic training students' assessment and treatment of a patient with exertional heat stroke (EHS).

Design

A pretest, posttest randomized control trial study design was used.

Setting

Five undergraduate athletic training programs.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty-six pre–athletic training students volunteered to participate. Thirty-two participants completed the research interventions (19 = hybrid simulation [HS], 13 = case-based learning [CLB]).

Intervention(s)

All participants received educational material and classroom presentation regarding EHS. Participants completed the preintervention Knowledge, Preferences, and Practices of Certified Athletic Trainers Regarding Recognition and Treatment of Exertional Heat Stroke (KPP-EHS) survey. Approximately 2 to 3 weeks after receiving the educational material, the participants completed HS or CBL intervention protocol and completed the postintervention KPP-EHS survey. The HS intervention consisted of a clinical scenario using a standardized patient and rectal thermometer task trainer. The CBL intervention involved completing a case-study worksheet regarding a clinical scenario. At the 6-week follow-up time point participants completed the KPP-EHS survey.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Composite and subscale scores from the KPP-EHS survey.

Results

A factorial repeated measure 2 × 3 (Group × Time) analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant main effect for time of the total composite score of both groups (F = 28.005, P = .000, partial η2 = 0.659). Bonferroni post hoc testing revealed a statistically significant difference between time points 1 and 2 (mean difference = −25.176, P = .000, 95% confidence interval −34.036, −16.317) and time points 1 and 3 (mean difference = −32.842, P = .000, 95% confidence interval −44.917, −20.767).

Conclusions

Athletic training educators should consider the use of HS and CBL in conjunction with didactic course work to prepare students to appropriately manage EHS.
Developing Cognitive Skills Through Active Learning: A Systematic Review of Health Care Professions
Authors: Harris Nicolette , Bacon Cailee E. Welch
Published: June 2019

Objective

To systematically review current literature to determine whether active learning is more successful than passive learning at producing cognitive skills in health care professions students.

Data Sources

An electronic search was conducted in 4 databases: EBSCO-CINAHL, EBSCO-Sport Discus, Educational Resources Information Center, and PubMed. Search terms included: millennial AND health education, active learning AND knowledge retention, flipped classroom AND learning outcomes, problem based learning AND learning outcomes, problem based learning AND student confidence, active learning AND critical thinking, higher order thinking AND active learning.

Study Selection

We included studies if they were published in English between 2007 and 2017 and evaluated outcomes of an active learning intervention. Studies of nonhealth care disciplines, practicing health care practitioners, or studies that did not address the primary research questions were excluded.

Data Extraction

Study design, health care discipline, intervention used, assessment measures, outcome(s) measures, main results, and conclusions were extracted from each article, as appropriate.

Data Synthesis

Articles were categorized based on capacity to answer 1 or both of the research questions. Conclusions were summarized according to the learning technique used and its effectiveness in regard to studied learning outcome. Out of 85 studies on lower-order cognition, 61 (72%) indicated active learning techniques were effective at achieving improved recall, understanding, and/or application of course material. Of 69 studies on higher-order cognition, 58 (84%) supported active learning over passive instruction for improving students' confidence in or performance of analytical, evaluative, and creative skills.

Conclusions

Active learning produces gains to both lower- and higher-order cognition at levels equal to, and more often, greater than the use of passive learning methods. Despite this evidence, we believe more high-quality, well-designed prospective studies using validated assessment measures are needed to endorse the value of these methods in producing cognitive skills.
On biparabolicity of Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Faraji Shokoufe , Grigor'yan Alexander
Published: June 2019

A Riemannian manifold is called biparabolic if any positive bisuperharmonic function is harmonic. We provide a criterion of biparabolicity in terms of the Green function of the Laplacian, as well as a sharp sufficient condition for biparabolicity in terms of the volume growth function.
Strichartz estimates for the metaplectic representation
Authors: Cauli Alessandra , Nicola Fabio , Tabacco Anita
Published: June 2019

We provide new estimates for the matrix coefficients of the metaplectic representation, inspired by a formal analogy with the Strichartz estimates which hold for several classes of evolution propagators

U(t)

. The one parameter group of unitary operators

U(t)

is replaced by a unitary representation of a non-compact Lie group, the group element playing the role of time; the case of the metaplectic or oscillatory representation is of special interest in this connection, because the Schrödinger group is a subgroup of the metaplectic group. We prove uniform weak-type sharp estimates for matrix coefficients and Strichartz-type estimates for that representation. The crucial point is the choice of function spaces able to detect such a decay, which in general will depend on the given group action. The relevant function spaces here turn out to be the so-called modulation spaces from time-frequency analysis in Euclidean space, and Lebesgue spaces with respect to Haar measure on the metaplectic group. The proofs make use in an essential way of the covariance of the Wigner distribution with respect to the metaplectic representation.
Diversion Inattention: Time for Action!
Authors: Chant Clarence
Published: June 2019

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Détournement et négligence : Il est temps d’agir!
Authors: Chant Clarence
Published: June 2019

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Estimación de la distribución vertical de combustibles finos del dosel de copas en masas de Pinus sylvestris empleando datos LiDAR de baja densidad
Authors: Fidalgo-González L. A. , Arellano-Pérez S. , Álvarez-González J. G. , Castedo-Dorado F. , Ruiz-González A. D. , González-Ferreiro E.
Published: June 2019

Canopy fuel load, canopy bulk density and canopy base height are structural variables used to predict crown fire initiation and spread. Direct measurement of these variables is not functional, and they are usually estimated indirectly by modelling. Advances in fire behaviour modelling require accurate and landscape scale estimates of the complete vertical distribution of canopy fuels. The goal of the present study is to model the vertical profile of available canopy fuels in Scots pine stands by using data from the Spanish national forest inventory and low-density LiDAR data (0.5 first returns  m–2) provided by Spanish PNOA project (Plan Nacional de Ortofotografía Aérea). In a first step, the vertical distribution of the canopy fuel load was modelled using the Weibull probability density function. In a second step, a system of models was fitted to relate the canopy variables to Lidar-derived metrics. Models were fitted simultaneously to compensate the effects of the inherent cross-model correlation between errors. Heteroscedasticity was also analyzed, but correction in the fitting process was not necessary. The estimated canopy fuel load profiles from LiDAR-derived metrics explained 41% of the variation in canopy fuel load in the analysed plots. The proposed models can be used to assess the effectiveness of different forest management alternatives for reducing crown fire hazard.
Cartografía de bosques de manglar mediante imágenes de sensores remotos: estudio de caso Buenaventura, Colombia
Authors: Perea-Ardila M. A. , Oviedo-Barrero F. , Leal-Villamil J.
Published: June 2019

Mangroves are plant communities of high ecological and economic importance for coastal regions. This investigation provides a methodology for mapping Mangrove forests through remote sensing images in a semidetail scale (1:25,000) in a sector of the municipality of Buenaventura, Colombia. A Sentinel 2 image and 2017 highresolution ortophotomosaic of the municipality were used for the mangrove cartography, using QGIS software, spectral analysis was performed and supervised classification was established using Maximum Likelihood algorithm. Results shown that mangrove is the most representative cover in the study area whit 7,264.21 ha in total extension (59.21% of total area), the development classification got a thematic accuracy of 80% and 0.70 in Kappa index. The used methodology can be used as an academic and research reference for mangrove semi-detail mapping in the world.
The report and analysis of the 2nd U21 European Deaf Football Championship, Stockholm, Sweden 2018
Authors: Szulc Adam Michał
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Almost no studies have documented or analysed sporting events for deaf players at the elite level. The aim of the study was to report on the 2nd U21 European Deaf Football Championship, analyse selected offensive actions and compare them with the 1st European Deaf Sports Organization (EDSO) U21 Championship and Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) U21 events (2015 and 2017), as well as create a ranking of finalists of the deaf U21 tournaments.

Methods

Counting analyses were performed on the basis of video recordings from the stadiums of 1st and 2nd EDSO U21. Nineteen matches were analysed with reference to the number of goals, shots on target, and shots missed.

Results

The mean number of goals scored per match during the 2nd U21 (1st U21) Championship was 2.25 ± 2.27/team (1.81 ± 1.53). The number of shots on target and missed was 8.1 ± 5.7/team/match (6.9 ± 4.9) and 6.2 ± 3.9/team/match (5.4 ± 3.7). In 1st and 2nd EDSO Championships, the most offensive play was presented by the teams of Turkey, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine.

Conclusions

The winner of the tournament was the team with the highest shooting efficiency and the highest number of crosses in all matches. The analyses of the 2nd U21 can be useful for the organization of coaching. Organizers of events for deaf athletes, however, do not pay much attention to careful registration of the event materials and match statistics, which are very important for the promotion of events for deaf athletes.
Contrail cirrus radiative forcing for future air traffic
Authors: Bock Lisa , Burkhardt Ulrike
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The climate impact of air traffic is to a large degree
caused by changes in cirrus cloudiness resulting from the formation of
contrails. Contrail cirrus radiative forcing is expected to increase
significantly over time due to the large projected increases in air traffic.
We use ECHAM5-CCMod, an atmospheric climate model with an online contrail
cirrus parameterization including a microphysical two-moment scheme, to
investigate the climate impact of contrail cirrus for the year 2050. We take
into account the predicted increase in air traffic volume, changes in
propulsion efficiency and emissions, in particular soot emissions, and the
modification of the contrail cirrus climate impact due to anthropogenic
climate change. Global contrail cirrus radiative forcing increases by a factor of 3 from
2006 to 2050, reaching 160 or even 180 mW m−2, which is the result of the increase in air traffic volume and a slight shift in air traffic towards higher altitudes. Large increases in contrail cirrus radiative forcing are
expected over all of the main air traffic areas, but relative increases are
largest over main air traffic areas over eastern Asia. The projected upward
shift in air traffic attenuates contrail cirrus radiative forcing increases
in the midlatitudes but reinforces it in the tropical areas. Climate change
has an insignificant impact on global contrail cirrus radiative forcing,
while regional changes are significant. Of the emission reductions it is the
soot number emission reductions by 50 % that lead to a significant
decrease in contrail cirrus optical depth and coverage, leading to a
decrease in radiative forcing by approximately 15 %. The strong increase
in contrail cirrus radiative forcing due to the projected increase in air
traffic volume cannot be compensated for by the decrease in initial ice
crystal numbers due to reduced soot emissions and improvements in
propulsion efficiency.
Deriving tropospheric ozone from assimilated profiles
Authors: van Peet Jacob C. A. , van der A Ronald J.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We derived global tropospheric ozone (O3) columns from GOME-2A (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) O3 profiles, which were simultaneously assimilated into the TM5 (Tracer Model, version 5) global
chemistry transport model for the year 2008.
The horizontal model resolution has been increased by a factor of 6 for more accurate
results. To reduce computational cost, the number of model layers
has been reduced from 44 to 31. The model ozone fields are used to
derive tropospheric ozone, which is defined here as the partial column
between mean sea level and 6 km altitude. Two methods for
calculating the tropospheric columns from the free model run and
assimilated O3 fields are compared. In the first method, we
calculate the residual between assimilated total columns and the partial
model column between 6 km and the top of atmosphere. In the
second method, we perform a direct integration of the assimilated
O3 fields between the surface and 6 km. The results
are validated against tropospheric columns derived from ozone sonde
measurements. Our results show that the residual method has too large a variation to be used reliably for the determination of tropospheric
ozone, so the direct integration method has been used instead. The
median global bias is smaller for the assimilated O3 fields than
for the free model run, but the large variation makes it difficult to
make definitive statements on a regional or local scale. The monthly
mean ozone fields show significant improvements and more detail when
comparing the assimilated O3 fields with the free model run,
especially for features such as biomass-burning-enhanced O3
concentrations and outflow of O3 rich air from Asia over the
Pacific.
Impact of Isolated Atmospheric Aging processes on the Cloud Condensation
Nuclei-activation of Soot Particles
Authors: Friebel Franz , Lobo Prem , Neubauer David , Lohmann Ulrike , Drossaart van Dusseldorp Saskia , Mühlhofer Evelyn , Mensah Amewu A.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The largest contributors to the uncertainty in assessing the anthropogenic contribution in radiative forcing are the direct and indirect effects of aerosol particles on the Earth's radiative budget. Soot particles are of special interest since their properties can change significantly due to aging processes once they are emitted to the atmosphere. Probably the largest obstacle for the investigation of these processes in the laboratory is the long atmospheric lifetime of one week, demanding tailored experiments that cover this time span. This work presents results on the ability of two types of soot to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) after exposure to atmospherically relevant levels of ozone and humidity. Aging times of up to 12 h were achieved by successful application of the continuous-flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) concept while allowing for size-selection of particles prior to the aging step. 100 nm particles rich in organic carbon (OC) that were initially CCN-inactive showed significant CCN-activity at supersaturations (SS) down to 0.3 % after 10 h of exposure to 200 ppb of ozone. While this process was not affected by different levels of relative humidity in the range 5–75 %, a high sensitivity towards the ambient/reaction temperature was observed. Soot particles with a lower OC-content demanded an approximately four-fold longer aging duration to show CCN-activity for the same SS. Prior to the slow change in the CCN-activity, a rapid increase in the particle diameter was detected which occurred within several minutes. This study highlights the applicability of the CSTR-approach for the simulation of atmospheric aging processes, as aging durations beyond 12 h can be achieved in comparably small aerosol chamber volumes (
Structure of massively dilatant faults in Iceland: lessons learned from
high resolution UAV data
Authors: Weismüller Christopher , Urai Janos L. , Kettermann Michael , von Hagke Christoph , Reicherter Klaus
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Normal faults in basalts develop massive dilatancy up to several tens of meters close to the Earth's surface and show corresponding interactions with groundwater and lava flow. These massively dilatant faults (MDF) are widespread in extensional settings like Iceland or the East African Rift, but their detailed geometry is not well understood, despite their importance for fluid flow in the subsurface, geohazards or geothermal energy. We present a large set of digital elevation models (DEM) of the surface geometries of MDF with 5–15 cm resolution, acquired along the Icelandic Rift zone using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). UAV provide a much higher resolution than aerial/satellite imagery and a much better overview than ground-based fieldwork, thus bridging the gap between outcrop scale and regional observations. Our data present representative outcrops of MDF, formed in basaltic sequences linked to the Mid Ocean Ridge. We acquired photosets of overlapping images along about 20 km of MDF and processed these using photogrammetry to create high resolution DEMs and ortho-rectified images. We use this dataset to map the faults and their damage zones to measure length, opening width and vertical offset of the faults and identify surface tilt in the damage zones. Ground truthing of the data was done by field observations. Mapped vertical offsets show typical trends of normal fault growth by segment coalescence. However, opening widths in map-view show variations at much higher frequency, caused by segmentation, collapsed relays and tilted blocks. These effects cause a commonly higher than expected ratio of vertical offset and opening width for a steep normal fault at depth. Based on field observations and the relationships of opening width and vertical offset, we define three endmember morphologies of MDF: (i) dilatant faults with opening width and vertical offset, (ii) tilted blocks (TB), and (iii) opening mode (mode I) fissures. Field observation of normal faults without visible opening invariably shows that these have an opening filled by recent sediment. TB dominated normal faults tend to have a largest opening width with respect to vertical offsets. Fissures have opening widths up to 15 m with throw below a 2 m threshold. Plotting opening width versus vertical offset of the fractures shows that there is a continuous transition between the endmembers. We conclude that fractures associated with MDF belong to one larger continuum and the three endmembers are thus not necessarily indicative for fracture maturity.
In the Pursuit of Practical Solutions and “Satisficing” Performance: The Case of Israel’s Nonprofit Human Services
Authors: Mano Rita
Published: June 2019

Evaluating performance in nonprofit human services remains an ongoing empirical and conceptual challenge. Here, we introduce the concept of "satisficing" to capture the influence of intra- and inter- organizational factors on performance. We contend that the combination of organizational age and size, which shapes an organization’s complexity and dependency, will define the balance between social and economic criteria. Further, we contend that this definition will ultimately enable nonprofit human services to reach a satisficing level of management practices. More importantly, we contend that a practical compromise between social and economic performance determines whether satisficing performance is possible though practical solutions so that both effective attainment of the organizational mission and efficient management practices are possible with little risk of goal displacement.
Comparison of clinical value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and SPECT renal dynamic imaging of GFR measurement in the evaluation of renal function in renal transplantation
Authors: G Hong , L Dan , L Yunhe
Published: June 2019

Objective: To compare the clinical value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) renal dynamic imaging in the measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the evaluation of renal function in renal transplantation.Methods: A total of 70 recipients who underwent renal transplantation in Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from April of 2015 to April of 2018 were selected as research objects. GFR was measured in renal transplant recipients by use of DCE-MRI and SPECT (GFR-MRI and GFR-SPECT respectively), and was compared with creatinine clearance rate (Ccr). The safety of contrast media was evaluated in DCE-MRI detection.Results: The bias of GFR-MRI against Ccr value was higher than that of GFR-SPECT against Ccr value, with 30% and 50% accuracy of GFR-MRI higher than that of GFR-SPECT, and the difference was statistically significant (p < .05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that GFR-MRI and GFR-SPECT values were positively correlated to Ccr (p < .05), and the correlation coefficient of GFR-MRI and Ccr was higher than that of GFR-SPECT and Ccr, with the difference statistically significant (p < .05). By Bland-Altman analysis, 95% confidence interval of GFR-SPECT was 95.49 ml/(min·1.73 m2), and 95% confidence interval of GFR-MRI was 62.35 ml/(min·1.73m2), which was much narrower. Only 2 cases of patients developed mild rash among 70 cases of patients, and recovered spontaneously without any treatment.Conclusions: Compared with SPECT, the bias of GFR measured by DCE-MRI against Ccr is much greater. However, DCE-MRI has a higher accuracy, correlation and consistency in comparison with Ccr, and it has a narrower confidence interval. DCE-MRI can more accurately evaluate renal function in renal transplantation by measuring GFR, and it has a high safety.
Effects of water deficit and pH on seed germination and seedling development in Cereus jamacaru
Authors: Ortiz Thiago Alberto , Urbano Mariana Ragassi , Takahashi Lúcia Sadayo Assari
Published: June 2019

The lack of water and soil acidity are current problems occurring in many regions around the globe. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the effects of seed germination and seedling development, in order to determine the species adaptability to the ever-changing environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of water deficit and pH on seed germination and seedling development in Cereus jamacaru. A completely randomized experiment was performed. A factorial scheme of 6 × 7, corresponding to six osmotic potential values (0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, and -1.0 MPa) induced by PEG 6000, and seven pH levels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) with four replications was used. The variables analyzed were germination (G), germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), normal seedling (NS), root length (RL), shoot length (ShL), seedling length (SL), and seedling dry mass (SDM). The statistical analysis included ANOVA and binomial models (G and NS), regression models with quadratic terms (GSI and MGT), and response surface method (ShL and SL) for the variables with at least one significant factor (p < 0.05). C. jamacaru showed susceptibility to water deficit at seed germination and seedling development stages, indicated by the decreases in G, GSI, NS, ShL, and SL at osmotic potential below to 0.0 MPa. The pH interaction with osmotic potential affected C. jamacaru seedling development. The increase in pH was favorable for seedling development, but not for seed germination.
Selectivity of pesticides used in peach orchards to eggs and pupae of the predators Chrysoperla externa and Coleomegilla quadrifasciata
Authors: Armas Franciele Silva de , Grützmacher Anderson Dionei , Nava Dori Edson , Rakes Matheus , Bueno Flávio Amaral , Pasini Rafael Antonio
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to assess, under laboratory conditions, the selectivity of nine pesticides used in peach to the egg and pupal stages of the predators Chrysoperla externa and Coleomegilla quadrifasciata. Tests consisted of the direct application of pesticides on eggs and pupae of predators and assessment of sublethal effects on fertility and fecundity of emerged adults. For eggs, the pesticides were classified according to the effects on the reduction of the percentage of larval hatching, while for pupae they were classified as a function of the total effect, according to the toxicity scale proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). All the pesticides (used dose) were harmless (class 1) to eggs of C. externa, but abamectin (80) and copper + calcium (1%) were considered slightly harmful (class 2) to pupae. In bioassays with C. quadrifasciata, abamectin (80), deltamethrin (40), and malathion (150) were classified as slightly harmful (class 2), while fenitrothion (100) was moderately harmful (class 3) to predator eggs; in the pupal stage, abamectin (80), fenitrothion (100), and malathion (150) were considered harmful (class 4). Azadirachtin (1%), chlorantraniliprole (14), deltamethrin (40), copper + calcium (25% + 10%), and sulfur + calcium (3.5 Ba) were harmless (class 1) to eggs and pupae of C. externa and C. quadrifasciata and thus should be prioritized in sprayings for pest control in the IPM of peach.
Morphogenesis and forage accumulation of Urochloa ruziziensis under nitrogen and potassium fertilization management
Authors: Lima Karla Rodrigues de , Carvalho Carlos Augusto Brandão de , Azevedo Flavio Henrique Vidal , Campos Fabio Prudêncio de , Silva Aline Barros da , Dias Ana Carla Chaves
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons (summer 1, 2010–2011and summer 2, 2011–2012) and the autumn and spring of 2011. A randomized complete block design with four treatments (0, 120, 240, and 360 kg ha-1 year-1 of N and K2O) and five replications was used, with repeated measurements in each season, in a split plot arrangement. The treatments were allocated to the plots and the seasons of the year to the subplots. The phyllochron (PHY),leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), tiller population density (TPD), tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), leaf growth rate (LGR), stem growth rate (SGR), senescence rate (SR), forage accumulation rate (FAR), and leaf accumulation rate (LAR) of Urochloa ruziziensis were evaluated. There was a positive quadratic effect for the PHY and ELR, with maximum values of 4.3 days leaf-1 and 0.43 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively. While the SER increased linearly (0.0012 cm day-1 kg-1 of N and K2O) during summer 2. The TPD, TAR, and TMR increased linearly (averages of 1.53 tillers m-2, 0.04% and 0.02% per kg of N and K2O, respectively) with nitrogen and potassium fertilization during spring and both summer seasons. The LGR, SGR, and SR also increased linearly with N and K2O application rates during summer 2 (0.2809, 0.0082, and 0.0411 kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2O, respectively), while the FAR and LAR increased in a quadratic positive form (maximum values of 175 and 129 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1, corresponding to 294 and 237 kg ha-1 of N and K2O, respectively) during summer 2. Urochloa ruziziensis is a forage plant with a high DM production capacity during the summer and a high seasonal forage production.
Effect of age and genetic group on the development of calves weaned at 63 days until one year of age
Authors: Silveira Magali Floriano da , Restle João , Brondani Ivan Luiz , Machado Diego Soares , Pacheco Rangel Fernandes , Argenta Flânia Mônego , Silva Viviane Santos da , Hoffmann Fabiane
Published: June 2019

The development of beef calves born of Charolais (CH), Nellore (N), and Charolais × Nellore crossbred cows with Charolais (CHP) and Nellore (NP) predominance, was evaluated from birth to 12 months of age. The cows were grouped into three age classes: primiparous, young and adult. The net energy requirements for maintenance and gain of the calves were also evaluated, as were the production and availability of energy in the milk of the evaluated cows. We used 93 pairs of contemporary cows and calves maintained in natural pasture. From birth to 21 days of age and from 21 to 42 days of age, the calves of adult cows presented the highest average daily weight gain (ADG), while the calves of young and primiparous cows had similar ADG. The highest net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) and gain (NEg) were for crossbred and Charolais calves, the latter being similar to Nellore calves. The energy available in the milk of the adult cows was 33% higher than that of primiparous cows. The weight gain of calves was influenced by the age of the cow until weaning. The pre-weaning and post-weaning weights of calves were affected by the genetic group, and adult and young cows produced heavier calves in the pre-weaning period than primiparous cows.
Carbon in aggregate size classes in a Rhodic Eutrudox under different cropping systems
Authors: Machado Wesley , Melo Thadeu Rodrigues de , Figueiredo Alex , Santos José Victor de Freitas dos , Luccas Felipe Gasparello , Franchini Júlio Cézar , Guimarães Maria de Fátima , Tavares Filho João
Published: June 2019

Soil productive capacity is related to levels of carbon (C) in aggregates of different sizes. The aim of this study was to assess total organic carbon levels in different size classes of water-stable aggregates in a Rhodic Eutrudox under different production systems. The cropping systems assessed were no-tillage (NT); no-tillage scarified every three years (NTS); disk plowing (DP) and heavy disking (HD). All systems were subjected to crop succession (S) (soybean - Glycine max / wheat - Triticum aestivum) and rotation (R) (soybean, maize (Zea mays), wheat) and cover and green manure (Lupinus albus, Raphanus sativus and Avena strigosa). Intact soil samples were collected in trenches at depths of 0–0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20–0.30 and 0.30-0.40 m. The highest levels of carbon were found under no-tillage, irrespective of the aggregate size class. In all treatments, the top layer (0.0–0,10 m) under crop succession showed the highest carbon content for all aggregate size classes. However, at depths below 0.10 m, crop rotation exhibited the highest carbon levels (between 12 and 20 g kg-1). After 29 years of trials, cropping systems with the lowest soil disturbance combined with crop rotation were found to contribute to raising the level of carbon in the soil and maintaining stable aggregates.
Determination of ptaquiloside in cow's milk by HPLC-UV
Authors: Ribeiro Debora da Silva Freitas , Keller Kelly Moura , Melo Marília Martins , Soto-Blanco Benito
Published: June 2019

Ferns of the genus Pteridium are known to be responsible for cases of poisoning in cattle. The commonly found species of Pteridium in Brazil are P. arachnoideum and P. caudatum. The toxic principle of these ferns is ptaquiloside, a norsesquiterpene glucoside, which is a known carcinogen. Ptaquiloside can be secreted in the milk of cows grazing on bracken ferns, thereby posing a potential health risk for the milk consumers. The objective of the present study was to develop an analytical methodology using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection to determine the concentrations of ptaquiloside in cow´s milk. HPLC-UV method, based on the conversion of ptaquiloside into pterosin B and its subsequent extraction using dichloromethane, was successfully developed for estimating concentrations of ptaquiloside in milk samples. However, the presence of ptaquiloside was not detected in milk samples obtained from cows with a history of bovine enzootic hematuria resulting from grazing on P. arachnoideum infested pastures in Brazil.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language Teaching Vol 12 No 7
Authors: Yu Gavin
Published: June 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 12, No. 7, 2019
Strategy to Build a Transshipment Port as a Catalyst to Achieving Critical Mass for Sabah’s Economic Growth
Authors: Fui Tom Ngui Min
Published: June 2019

Digital transformation has led to a new era of port development at an unprecedented pace. China represents a large percentage of total global trades, navigating the maritime silk-road to various global and regional ports. In Malaysia, the lack of concrete justifications for the issue of transhipment port strategy leads to a debatable framework. Hence, the aim of the paper is to critically discuss the strategy to build a transhipment port as a catalyst to achieving critical mass for economic growth in Sabah. The study draws heavily on existing literature on the theoretical evidence and the possible factors that shape strategy to build transshipment port in Sabah. Based on reviewed literature, various resultant strategies adopted to stand for their interest are discussed. In this way, this paper provides not only theoretical insights, but also strategically guides managers of organisations in Sabah, government, and businesses values towards building a transshipment port in Sabah to effectively retire cabotage policy to reduce cost, enhance port throughput, develop hinterland for critical mass, enhance ports-economic clusters connectivity, eliminate capacity bottleneck, unlock natural resources export potential, align port service towards regional port users’ needs and to give regional port powers a run for their money.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 12, No. 7
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: June 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 12, No. 7, 2019 issue
Research Study: Towards a Collaborative Trust-Based Debugging Model for the Telecom Industry
Authors: Arslan Ayse Kok
Published: June 2019

This research presents the architecture of a collaborative troubleshooting platform to establish user trust by presenting practical scenarios of problem diagnosis using the technique of root-cause analysis in a high tech company in Silicon Valley. The study provides details of the implementation of debugging techniques within the field of telecommunication and demonstrates the feasibility of this problem-solving approach in a collaborative trouble-shooting platform to establish user trust.
Patologia harmonizacji prawa podatkowego na
przykładzie korekty podatku należnego z tytułu
niezapłaconej wierzytelności
Authors: Modzelewski Witold , Flis Maciej
Published: June 2019

Artykuł dotyczy problemu luk powstałych w ustawie z dnia 11 marca 2004 r. o podatku od towarów i usług [1,
dalej „ustawa z dnia 11 marca 2004 r.”] w wyniku implementacji przepisów wspólnotowych oraz schemat ich wykorzystywania
Judicial Independence – French and European Perspectives
Authors: Cartier Emmanuel
Published: June 2019

Judicial independence within the framework of the rule of law is a broad, complex and controversial subject, which is especially true of France, because of the country’s particular attitude to justice since the French Revolution, and even before this critical and fundamental period. The first part of this article deals, on a broad constitutional scale, with the configuration of judicial independence, its guarantees (material and organic) and its interaction with the rule of law in the constitutions of the member states of the EU. The main purpose is to draw an objective map of the situation from a pure formal and textual (and therefore a slightly partial and narrow) view point. The second part of this contribution considers the specificity of the independence of the French judiciary in relation to the French constitutional principle of the rule of law, which is called the “Etat de Droite” in the French legal tradition.
A Tale about Poland – Introduction to the Situation in Poland
Authors: Loew Peter Oliver
Published: June 2019

This article provides an in-depth insight into the “Polish peculiarities” that substantially continue to affect the current situation in the country - a country where the rule of law is in danger, where politics and society are dramatically divided, and where images of existent or invented enemies seem to dominate the political and cultural discourse. The article concludes that many questions remain open regarding the respect for the rule of law. The “tale of Poland” is not yet finished: there are several possible scenarios for Poland, ranging from progressing radicalization, to maneuvering of the government in order to satisfy the EU as well as the domestic national-Catholics, to the destruction of the government camp and the return of a majority of the electorate towards pro-European, liberal politics.
“Why On Earth Would We Not Genrefy the Books?”: A Study of Reader-Interest Classification In School Libraries
Authors: Moeller Robin A. , Becnel Kim E.
Published: June 2019

Through their work as instructors in a master of library science program, the authors observed a sharp increase in students’ desire to adopt the reader-interest classification approach of genrefication for their school libraries’ fiction collections. In order to better understand this trend, the researchers interviewed seven school librarians regarding their motivations for genrefying their libraries’ fiction collections; the challenges they encountered during or after the genrefication process; and any benefits they perceived as having resulted in the implementation of genrefication. The data suggest that the librarians’ interests in genrefication stem mostly from the lack of time they have to help individual students find materials, and the lack of time students are given out of the instructional day to explore the libraries’ fiction collections. The participants felt that reclassifying the library’s fiction collection by genre gave students more ownership of the fiction collection and allowed them to find materials that genuinely interested them. The significant challenges the librarians faced in the reorganization process speak to challenges regarding the ways in which librarians attempt to provide access to diverse materials for all patrons.
Flickr: Organizing and Tagging Images Online
Authors: Stuart Emma
Published: June 2019

Flickr was launched when digital cameras first began to outsell analog cameras, and people were drawn to the site for the opportunities it offered them to store, organize, and share their images, as well as for the connections that could be made with other like-minded people. This article examines the links between Flickr’s success and how images are organized within the site, as well as the types of people and organizations that use Flickr and their motivations for doing so. Factors that have contributed to Flickr’s demise in popularity will be explored, and the article finishes with some suggestions for how Flickr could develop in the future, along with some conclusions for image organization.
Der Nationale Krebsplan: Aufbau, Themen, Ziele und Ausblick
Authors: Einecke-Renz Mirijam
Published: June 2019

Der Nationale Krebsplan hat das Ziel, die Krebsfrüherkennung und -versorgung weiterzuentwickeln. Er wurde vor zehn Jahren ins Leben gerufen. Der Beitrag stellt seinen Aufbau dar und skizziert, was bisher erreicht worden ist.
Closing Ports of Safety: A Legitimate Strategy of Migration Control?
Authors: Riemer Lena
Published: June 2019

In the past decades, the European Union and its member states have increasingly relied on externalization and non-arrival strategies for migration control. One of the latest developments is the decision by Malta and Italy to unilaterally close their ports to vessels carrying migrants rescued at sea. The article examines the conformity of such practices with the international law of the sea and focuses especially on the customary port of safety principle. It also addresses the applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights in cases where the rejected vessels have not entered the territory of a member state. The paper provides a novel approach for the establishment of the European Court of Human Rights’ jurisdiction in such cases of extraterritorial migration control, arguing that the jurisdiction could be founded on the imputable-public-power-test. Based on the analysis of potential violations of rights guaranteed by the Convention and its Protocols, the respective practices may, depending on the individual cases, violate the non-refoulement principle and/or the prohibition of collective expulsion.
»sie trägt ihr Haar offen und mit einem Schal bedeckt« Die Feststellung der sogenannten ›westlichen Orientierung‹ in der Verfahrenspraxis des österreichischen BVwG
Authors: Rössl Ines
Published: June 2019

›Westliche Orientierung‹ kommt als Topos in der österreichischen Asylrechtsprechung vor allem dann ins Spiel, wenn Frauen in Asylverfahren vorbringen, dass sie im Herkunftsland ihre Identität bzw. Lebensweise aufgrund der dortigen Geschlechterordnung unterdrücken müssten. Der Artikel untersucht Rechtsprechung des österreichischen Bundesverwaltungsgerichts (BVwG). Er zeigt, welche Sachverhaltselemente für die Feststellung einer ›westlichen Orientierung‹ herangezogen werden und weist auf intersektionale Stereotypisierungen sowie Verschränkungen mit Integrationsdiskursen hin. Der Artikel argumentiert, dass das Leitkonzept der ›westlichen Orientierung‹ den Blick auf relevante Sach- und Rechtsfragen verstellt, wenn es um Fälle devianter Geschlechtsrollen geht.