bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vacancy-defect modulated pathway of photoreduction of CO2 on single atomically thin AgInP2S6 sheets into olefiant gas
Authors: Gao Wa , Li Shi , He Huichao , Li Xiaoning , Cheng Zhenxiang , Yang Yong , Wang Jinlan , Shen Qing , Wang Xiaoyong , Xiong Yujie , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang
Published: August 2021

Artificial photosynthesis, light-driving CO2 conversion into hydrocarbon fuels, is a promising strategy to synchronously overcome global warming and energy-supply issues. The quaternary AgInP2S6 atomic layer with the thickness of ~ 0.70 nm were successfully synthesized through facile ultrasonic exfoliation of the corresponding bulk crystal. The sulfur defect engineering on this atomic layer through a H2O2 etching treatment can excitingly change the CO2 photoreduction reaction pathway to steer dominant generation of ethene with the yield-based selectivity reaching ~73% and the electron-based selectivity as high as ~89%. Both DFT calculation and in-situ FTIR spectra demonstrate that as the introduction of S vacancies in AgInP2S6 causes the charge accumulation on the Ag atoms near the S vacancies, the exposed Ag sites can thus effectively capture the forming *CO molecules. It makes the catalyst surface enrich with key reaction intermediates to lower the C-C binding coupling barrier, which facilitates the production of ethene.
UbiB proteins regulate cellular CoQ distribution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kemmerer Zachary A. , Robinson Kyle P. , Schmitz Jonathan M. , Manicki Mateusz , Paulson Brett R. , Jochem Adam , Hutchins Paul D. , Coon Joshua J. , Pagliarini David J.
Published: August 2021

Beyond its role in mitochondrial bioenergetics, Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) serves as a key membrane-embedded antioxidant throughout the cell. However, how CoQ is mobilized from its site of synthesis on the inner mitochondrial membrane to other sites of action remains a longstanding mystery. Here, using a combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, biochemical fractionation, and lipid profiling, we identify two highly conserved but poorly characterized mitochondrial proteins, Ypl109c (Cqd1) and Ylr253w (Cqd2), that reciprocally affect this process. Loss of Cqd1 skews cellular CoQ distribution away from mitochondria, resulting in markedly enhanced resistance to oxidative stress caused by exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas loss of Cqd2 promotes the opposite effects. The activities of both proteins rely on their atypical kinase/ATPase domains, which they share with Coq8—an essential auxiliary protein for CoQ biosynthesis. Overall, our results reveal protein machinery central to CoQ trafficking in yeast and lend insights into the broader interplay between mitochondria and the rest of the cell.
m6Am-seq reveals the dynamic m6Am methylation in the human transcriptome
Authors: Sun Hanxiao , Li Kai , Zhang Xiaoting , Liu Jun’e , Zhang Meiling , Meng Haowei , Yi Chengqi
Published: August 2021

N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), a terminal modification adjacent to the mRNA cap, is a newly discovered reversible RNA modification. Yet, a specific and sensitive tool to directly map transcriptome-wide m6Am is lacking. Here, we report m6Am-seq, based on selective in vitro demethylation and RNA immunoprecipitation. m6Am-seq directly distinguishes m6Am and 5′-UTR N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and enables the identification of m6Am at single-base resolution and 5′-UTR m6A in the human transcriptome. Using m6Am-seq, we also find that m6Am and 5′-UTR m6A respond dynamically to stimuli, and identify key functional methylation sites that may facilitate cellular stress response. Collectively, m6Am-seq reveals the high-confidence m6Am and 5′-UTR m6A methylome and provides a robust tool for functional studies of the two epitranscriptomic marks.
Biotic threats for 23 major non-native tree species in Europe
Authors: Pötzelsberger Elisabeth , Gossner Martin M. , Beenken Ludwig , Gazda Anna , Petr Michal , Ylioja Tiina , La Porta Nicola , Avtzis Dimitrios N. , Bay Elodie , De Groot Maarten , Drenkhan Rein , Duduman Mihai-Leonard , Enderle Rasmus , Georgieva Margarita , Hietala Ari M. , Hoppe Björn , Jactel Hervé , Jarni Kristjan , Keren Srđan , Keseru Zsolt , Koprowski Marcin , Kormuťák Andrej , Lombardero María Josefa , Lukjanova Aljona , Marozas Vitas , Mauri Edurad , Monteverdi Maria Cristina , Nygaard Per Holm , Ogris Nikica , Olenici Nicolai , Orazio Christophe , Perny Bernhard , Pinto Glória , Power Michael , Puchalka Radoslaw , Ravn Hans Peter , Sevillano Ignacio , Stroheker Sophie , Taylor Paul , Tsopelas Panagiotis , Urban Josef , Voolma Kaljo , Westergren Marjana , Witzell Johanna , Zborovska Olga , Zlatkovic Milica
Published: August 2021

For non-native tree species with an origin outside of Europe a detailed compilation of enemy species including the severity of their attack is lacking up to now. We collected information on native and non-native species attacking non-native trees, i.e. type, extent and time of first observation of damage for 23 important non-native trees in 27 European countries. Our database includes about 2300 synthesised attack records (synthesised per biotic threat, tree and country) from over 800 species. Insects (49%) and fungi (45%) are the main observed biotic threats, but also arachnids, bacteria including phytoplasmas, mammals, nematodes, plants and viruses have been recorded. This information will be valuable to identify patterns and drivers of attacks, and trees with a lower current health risk to be considered for planting. In addition, our database will provide a baseline to which future impacts on non-native tree species could be compared with and thus will allow to analyse temporal trends of impacts.
Investigation of the direct and indirect mechanisms of primary blast insult to the brain
Authors: Rubio Jose E. , Unnikrishnan Ginu , Sajja Venkata Siva Sai Sujith , Van Albert Stephen , Rossetti Franco , Skotak Maciej , Alay Eren , Sundaramurthy Aravind , Subramaniam Dhananjay Radhakrishnan , Long Joseph B. , Chandra Namas , Reifman Jaques
Published: August 2021

The interaction of explosion-induced blast waves with the head (i.e., a direct mechanism) or with the torso (i.e., an indirect mechanism) presumably causes traumatic brain injury. However, the understanding of the potential role of each mechanism in causing this injury is still limited. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the changes in the brain tissue of rats resulting from the direct and indirect mechanisms at 24 h following blast exposure. To this end, we conducted separate blast-wave exposures on rats in a shock tube at an incident overpressure of 130 kPa, while using whole-body, head-only, and torso-only configurations to delineate each mechanism. Then, we performed histopathological (silver staining) and immunohistochemical (GFAP, Iba-1, and NeuN staining) analyses to evaluate brain-tissue changes resulting from each mechanism. Compared to controls, our results showed no significant changes in torso-only-exposed rats. In contrast, we observed significant changes in whole-body-exposed (GFAP and silver staining) and head-only-exposed rats (silver staining). In addition, our analyses showed that a head-only exposure causes changes similar to those observed for a whole-body exposure, provided the exposure conditions are similar. In conclusion, our results suggest that the direct mechanism is the major contributor to blast-induced changes in brain tissues.
Music influences vividness and content of imagined journeys in a directed visual imagery task
Authors: Herff Steffen A. , Cecchetti Gabriele , Taruffi Liila , Déguernel Ken
Published: August 2021

Directed, intentional imagination is pivotal for self-regulation in the form of escapism and therapies for a wide variety of mental health conditions, such anxiety and stress disorders, as well as phobias. Clinical application in particular benefits from increasing our understanding of imagination, as well as non-invasive means of influencing it. To investigate imagination, this study draws from the prior observation that music can influence the imagined content during non-directed mind-wandering, as well as the finding that relative orientation within time and space is retained in imagination. One hundred participants performed a directed imagination task that required watching a video of a figure travelling towards a barely visible landmark, and then closing their eyes and imagining a continuation of the journey. During each imagined journey, participants either listened to music or silence. After the imagined journeys, participants reported vividness, the imagined time passed and distance travelled, as well as the imagined content. Bayesian mixed effects models reveal strong evidence that vividness, sentiment, as well imagined time passed and distances travelled, are influenced by the music, and show that aspects of these effects can be modelled through features such as tempo. The results highlight music’s potential to support therapies such as Exposure Therapy and Imagery Rescripting, which deploy directed imagination as a clinical tool.
Cardiopulmonary coupling indices to assess weaning readiness from mechanical ventilation
Authors: Armañac-Julián Pablo , Hernando David , Lázaro Jesús , de Haro Candelaria , Magrans Rudys , Morales John , Moeyersons Jonathan , Sarlabous Leonardo , López-Aguilar Josefina , Subirà Carles , Fernández Rafael , Orini Michele , Laguna Pablo , Varon Carolina , Gil Eduardo , Bailón Raquel , Blanch Lluís
Published: August 2021

The ideal moment to withdraw respiratory supply of patients under Mechanical Ventilation at Intensive Care Units (ICU), is not easy to be determined for clinicians. Although the Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) provides a measure of the patients’ readiness, there is still around 15–20% of predictive failure rate. This work is a proof of concept focused on adding new value to the prediction of the weaning outcome. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Cardiopulmonary Coupling (CPC) methods are evaluated as new complementary estimates to assess weaning readiness. The CPC is related to how the mechanisms regulating respiration and cardiac pumping are working simultaneously, and it is defined from HRV in combination with respiratory information. Three different techniques are used to estimate the CPC, including Time-Frequency Coherence, Dynamic Mutual Information and Orthogonal Subspace Projections. The cohort study includes 22 patients in pressure support ventilation, ready to undergo the SBT, analysed in the 24 h previous to the SBT. Of these, 13 had a successful weaning and 9 failed the SBT or needed reintubation –being both considered as failed weaning. Results illustrate that traditional variables such as heart rate, respiratory frequency, and the parameters derived from HRV do not differ in patients with successful or failed weaning. Results revealed that HRV parameters can vary considerably depending on the time at which they are measured. This fact could be attributed to circadian rhythms, having a strong influence on HRV values. On the contrary, significant statistical differences are found in the proposed CPC parameters when comparing the values of the two groups, and throughout the whole recordings. In addition, differences are greater at night, probably because patients with failed weaning might be experiencing more respiratory episodes, e.g. apneas during the night, which is directly related to a reduced respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Therefore, results suggest that the traditional measures could be used in combination with the proposed CPC biomarkers to improve weaning readiness.
refineR: A Novel Algorithm for Reference Interval Estimation from Real-World Data
Authors: Ammer Tatjana , Schützenmeister André , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Rauh Manfred , Rank Christopher M. , Zierk Jakob
Published: August 2021

Reference intervals are essential for the interpretation of laboratory test results in medicine. We propose a novel indirect approach to estimate reference intervals from real-world data as an alternative to direct methods, which require samples from healthy individuals. The presentedrefineRalgorithm separates the non-pathological distribution from the pathological distribution of observed test results using an inverse approach and identifies the model that best explains the non-pathological distribution. To evaluate its performance, we simulated test results from six common laboratory analytes with a varying location and fraction of pathological test results. Estimated reference intervals were compared to the ground truth, an alternative indirect method (kosmic), and the direct method (N = 120 and N = 400 samples). Overall,refineRachieved the lowest mean percentage error of all methods (2.77%). Analyzing the amount of reference intervals within ± 1 total error deviation from the ground truth,refineR(82.5%) was inferior to the direct method with N = 400 samples (90.1%), but outperformedkosmic(70.8%) and the direct method with N = 120 (67.4%). Additionally, reference intervals estimated from pediatric data were comparable to published direct method studies. In conclusion, therefineRalgorithm enables precise estimation of reference intervals from real-world data and represents a viable complement to the direct method.
The experience of children with a parent suffering from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Testoni Ines , Palazzo Lorenza , Ronconi Lucia , Rossi Gabriella , Ferizoviku Jenny , Morales Jose Ramon Pernia
Published: August 2021

Children that have a parent with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) suffer from the progressive loss of their beloved ones. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the difficulties faced by these children have increased. The study aimed to detect whether there were differences between the minors experiencing a relative’s ALS and the minors with no experience of ALS and it aimed also to detect the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on these minors. The study involved Italian participants, in particular: the target group consisted of 38 children (7–18 years) (T0/T1); the control group consisted of 38 children (9–14 years) (T0 only). The following variables were measured: attachment with the Security Scale (SS), affects with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C), behavioural problems with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), death representation with Testoni Death Representation Scale for Children (TDRS-C), self-concept with the Multidimensional Self Concept Scale (MSCS), resilience and socio-emotional skills with the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA). The results showed higher negative affectivity (p < .001), externalising behaviours (p < .05), uncertainty in reflective function (p < .05) in the target group compared to the control one; after the COVID-19 pandemic minors in the target group showed reduced certainty of mental states (p < .05) and interpersonal and scholastic self-esteem (p < .05). The impact of ALS on these minors is significant and produces negative affect, externalizing behaviours and uncertainty of mental states. The lockdown situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic has further aggravated minors in their school and interpersonal self-esteem.
Automatic airway segmentation from computed tomography using robust and efficient 3-D convolutional neural networks
Authors: Garcia-Uceda Antonio , Selvan Raghavendra , Saghir Zaigham , Tiddens Harm A. W. M. , de Bruijne Marleen
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a fully automatic and end-to-end optimised airway segmentation method for thoracic computed tomography, based on the U-Net architecture. We use a simple and low-memory 3D U-Net as backbone, which allows the method to process large 3D image patches, often comprising full lungs, in a single pass through the network. This makes the method simple, robust and efficient. We validated the proposed method on three datasets with very different characteristics and various airway abnormalities: (1) a dataset of pediatric patients including subjects with cystic fibrosis, (2) a subset of the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial, including subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and (3) the EXACT’09 public dataset. We compared our method with other state-of-the-art airway segmentation methods, including relevant learning-based methods in the literature evaluated on the EXACT’09 data. We show that our method can extract highly complete airway trees with few false positive errors, on scans from both healthy and diseased subjects, and also that the method generalizes well across different datasets. On the EXACT’09 test set, our method achieved the second highest sensitivity score among all methods that reported good specificity.
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: a spontaneous model of synucleinopathy
Authors: Fortin Jessica S. , Hetak Ashley A. , Duggan Kelsey E. , Burglass Caroline M. , Penticoff Hailey B. , Schott Harold C.
Published: August 2021

Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is a common endocrine disease of aged horses that shows a similar pathophysiology as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) with increased levels of α-synuclein (α-syn). While α-syn is thought to play a pathogenic role in horses with PPID, it is unclear if α-syn is also misfolded in the pars intermedia and could similarly promote self-aggregation and propagation. Consequently, α-syn was isolated from the pars intermedia from groups of healthy young and aged horses, and aged PPID-afflicted horses. Seeding experiments confirmed the prion-like properties of α-syn isolated from PPID-afflicted horses. Next, detection of α-syn fibrils in pars intermedia via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was exclusive to PPID-afflicted horses. A bank of fragment peptides was designed to further characterize equine α-syn misfolding. Region 62–87 of equine and human α-syn peptides was found to be most prone to aggregation according to Tango bioinformatic program and kinetics of aggregation via a thioflavin T fluorescence assay. In both species, fragment peptide 62–87 is capable of generating mature fibrils as demonstrated by TEM. The combined animal, bioinformatic, and biophysical studies provide evidence that equine α-syn is misfolded in PPID horses.
An innovative strategy to rapidly inactivate 8.2-log Enterococcus faecalis in fresh pineapple juice using cold atmospheric plasma
Authors: Sohbatzadeh Farshad , Yazdanshenas Homayoon , Soltani Amir-Hossain , Shabannejad Amir
Published: August 2021

Enterococcus faecalis is a life-threatening bacterium that resists high levels of antibiotics or chemical preservatives. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inactivation of E. faecalis in fresh pineapple juice (FPJ) with two different cold atmospheric plasmas (CAP) reinforced by H2O2/H2O cold vapor: a plasma jet and a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD). CAP treatments for 300 s with plasma jet and 420 s with SDBD caused an 8.2 log reduction of E. faecalis. The concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species induced in FPJ by plasmas was also evaluated. In terms of quality attributes of FPJ, no noticeable color changes (ΔE) were observed. Furthermore, a trifle of loss of organic content such as sugars and organic acids was observed after treatments. These results suggest that our rapid CAP strategy effectively inactivated E. faecalis in FPJ with no change of color and negligible effects on other physicochemical properties.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between vitamin D and ovarian reserve
Authors: Karimi Elham , Arab Arman , Rafiee Masoumeh , Amani Reza
Published: August 2021

It is hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency could be related to ovarian reserve. This systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to analyze the possible association between vitamin D and ovarian reserve among adolescent and adult women. All eligible studies identified through the ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were included up to May 2021. A random-effects meta-analysis model was implemented and a weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A total of 38 papers covering 8608 individuals were enrolled in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Antral follicle count (AFC) was significantly lower among Asians (WMD − 0.65; 95% CI − 1.28 to − 0.01; P = 0.04; I2 = 0.0%) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were higher in non-Asians (WMD 2.16 IU/L; 95% CI 0.20 to 4.12; P = 0.031; I2 = 9.3%) with vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency. Also, there was a negative correlation between vitamin D and LH/FSH ratio in women with normal body mass index (BMI) (Fisher’s Z: − 0.18; 95% CI − 0.37 to − 0.008; P = 0.041; I2 = 51.5%). Although there were no significant associations between serum vitamin D levels and any of the intended ovarian reserve markers, subgroup analyses have found significant findings regarding AFC, LH, and LH/FSH ratio. In order to understand the underlying mechanisms of vitamin D in female reproduction, further attempts are needed.
Towards precision cardiometabolic prevention: results from a machine learning, semi-supervised clustering approach in the nationwide population-based ORISCAV-LUX 2 study
Authors: Fagherazzi Guy , Zhang Lu , Aguayo Gloria , Pastore Jessica , Goetzinger Catherine , Fischer Aurélie , Malisoux Laurent , Samouda Hanen , Bohn Torsten , Ruiz-Castell Maria , Huiart Laetitia
Published: August 2021

Given the rapid increase in the incidence of cardiometabolic conditions, there is an urgent need for better approaches to prevent as many cases as possible and move from a one-size-fits-all approach to a precision cardiometabolic prevention strategy in the general population. We used data from ORISCAV-LUX 2, a nationwide, cross-sectional, population-based study. On the 1356 participants, we used a machine learning semi-supervised cluster method guided by body mass index (BMI) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and a set of 29 cardiometabolic variables, to identify subgroups of interest for cardiometabolic health. Cluster stability was assessed with the Jaccard similarity index. We have observed 4 clusters with a very high stability (ranging between 92 and 100%). Based on distinctive features that deviate from the overall population distribution, we have labeled Cluster 1 (N = 729, 53.76%) as “Healthy”, Cluster 2 (N = 508, 37.46%) as “Family history—Overweight—High Cholesterol “, Cluster 3 (N = 91, 6.71%) as “Severe Obesity—Prediabetes—Inflammation” and Cluster 4 (N = 28, 2.06%) as “Diabetes—Hypertension—Poor CV Health”. Our work provides an in-depth characterization and thus, a better understanding of cardiometabolic health in the general population. Our data suggest that such a clustering approach could now be used to define more targeted and tailored strategies for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases at a population level. This study provides a first step towards precision cardiometabolic prevention and should be externally validated in other contexts.
Smooth borders between inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer predict fewer macular edema recurrences in branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Sasajima Hirofumi , Tsuboi Kotaro , Kiyosawa Rokuki , Fukutomi Akira , Murotani Kenta , Kamei Motohiro
Published: August 2021

We hypothesized the smoothness of the border between the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL) associates with the frequency of macular edema (ME) recurrences secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Thirty-seven consecutive eyes with BRVO treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections at 1-year follow-up were included. We manually traced the border between the INL and OPL within the 1.5-mm vertical line from the fovea on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images at the initial visit. The jagged ratio (JR), the border length divided by the spline curve length, was calculated. We performed univariate and multivariate regression analyses, including JR, patient characteristics, number of cystoid spaces in the INL, INL area, and outer retina area. Multivariate regression analysis showed JR significantly correlates with the total number of anti-VEGF injections (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the mean JR was significantly lower in the nine eyes receiving two or fewer injections than in the 28 eyes receiving three or more injections (1.02 ± 0.01 vs. 1.13 ± 0.06,P < 0.0001). A smooth border between the INL and the OPL on OCT images at the initial visit may be a biomarker for fewer ME recurrences in eyes with BRVO.
Rare and common variant discovery by whole-genome sequencing of 101 Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Tozaki Teruaki , Ohnuma Aoi , Kikuchi Mio , Ishige Taichiro , Kakoi Hironaga , Hirota Kei-ichi , Kusano Kanichi , Nagata Shun-ichi
Published: August 2021

The Thoroughbred breed was formed by crossing Oriental horse breeds and British native horses and is currently used in horseracing worldwide. In this study, we constructed a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) database using data from 101 Thoroughbred racehorses. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed 11,570,312 and 602,756 SNVs in autosomal (1–31) and X chromosomes, respectively, yielding a total of 12,173,068 SNVs. About 6.9% of identified SNVs were rare variants observed only in one allele in 101 horses. The number of SNVs detected in individual horses ranged from 4.8 to 5.3 million. Individual horses had a maximum of 25,554 rare variants; several of these were functional variants, such as non-synonymous substitutions, start-gained, start-lost, stop-gained, and stop-lost variants. Therefore, these rare variants may affect differences in traits and phenotypes among individuals. When observing the distribution of rare variants among horses, one breeding stallion had a smaller number of rare variants compared to other horses, suggesting that the frequency of rare variants in the Japanese Thoroughbred population increases through breeding. In addition, our variant database may provide useful basic information for industrial applications, such as the detection of genetically modified racehorses in gene-doping control and pedigree-registration of racehorses using SNVs as markers.
Poleward eddy-induced warm water transport across a shelf break off Totten Ice Shelf, East Antarctica
Authors: Hirano Daisuke , Mizobata Kohei , Sasaki Hiroko , Murase Hiroto , Tamura Takeshi , Aoki Shigeru
Published: August 2021

Ice mass loss in the Wilkes Land sector of East Antarctica and the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Sea sectors of West Antarctica has contributed to a rise in sea levels over several decades. The massive continental ice behind the Totten Ice Shelf, equivalent to a few meters of sea-level rise, is grounded well below sea level and therefore, potentially vulnerable to oceanic heat. Here, we present analyses of comprehensive hydrographic observations at the continental slope and shelf break regions off Totten Ice Shelf. We provide robust evidence that the relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water that originates at intermediate depths in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is transported efficiently towards the shelf break by multiple cyclonic eddies. We propose that these semi-permanent cyclonic circulations play a critical role in transporting the available ocean heat towards Totten Ice Shelf, and melting it from underneath, thus eventually influencing the global climate.
The design and fabrication of nanoengineered platinum needles with laser welded carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the electrochemical biosensing of cancer lymph nodes
Authors: Zandi Ashkan , Davari Sh. Zahra , Shojaeian Fatemeh , Mousavi-kiasary S. M. Sadegh , Abbasvandi Fereshteh , Zandi Afsoon , Gilani Ali , Saghafi Zohre , Kordehlachin Yasin , Mamdouh Amir , Miraghaie Seyyed Hossein , Hoseinyazdi Meisam , Khayamian Mohammad Ali , Anbiaee Robab , Faranoush Mohammad , Abdolahad Mohammad
Published: August 2021

A new biosensor for detecting cancer lymph nodes was developed based on the electrochemical tracing of fatty acid oxidation. The sensor needles were decorated with superhydrophobic multi-walled carbon nanotubes using laser irradiation nano-welding.
High-stability NIR-II fluorescence polymer synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization for application in high-resolution NIR-II imaging
Authors: He Kun , Chen Shangyu , Xu Wenjuan , Tai Xiaoyan , Chen Yan , Sun Pengfei , Fan Quli , Huang Wei
Published: August 2021

This article reports a high-stability NIR-II fluorescence polymer synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization for application in high-resolution NIR-II imaging.
Triazonine-based bistable photoswitches: synthesis, characterization and photochromic properties
Authors: Goual Nawel , Casimiro Lorenzo , Delattre Vincent , Retailleau Pascal , Maisonneuve Stéphane , Bogliotti Nicolas , Métivier Rémi , Xie Juan , Marinetti Angela , Voituriez Arnaud
Published: August 2021

Dibenzotriazonines, a new class of nine-membered cyclic azobenzenes, have been developed and have demonstrated good thermal stability for bothE- andZ-isomers.
Gas-cycle-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography for rapid analysis of organic pollutants
Authors: Zhu Wenli , Qin Peige , Han Lizhen , Zhang Xiaowan , Li Dan , Li Mengyuan , Wang Youmei , Zhang Xuebin , Lu Minghua , Cai Zongwei
Published: August 2021

A gas-cycle-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction device was designed to rapidly extract organic pollutants that have difficulty in volatilization from matrix to headspace.
Minimalistic peptidic scaffolds harbouring an artificial carbene-containing amino acid modulate reductase activity
Authors: Lenzen Karst , Planchestainer Matteo , Feller Isabelle , Padrosa David Roura , Paradisi Francesca , Albrecht Martin
Published: August 2021

A non-natural histidinium amino acid has been developed and used for solid-phase peptide synthesis to construct a peptide iridium carbene conjugate as artificial mini-peptide for hydrogenation catalysis.
2-Indolymethanols as 4-atom-synthons in oxa-Michael reaction cascade: access to tetracyclic indoles
Authors: Han Tian-Jiao , Wang Min-Can , Mei Guang-Jian
Published: August 2021

The first Brønsted acid-catalyzed oxa-Michael reaction cascade of 2-indolylmethanols as four-atom synthons with trione alkenes was accomplished.
One-step methylation of aromatic phosphorus heterocycles: synthesis and crystallographic characterization of a 1-methyl-phosphininium salt
Authors: Fischer Lukas , Wossidlo Friedrich , Frost Daniel , Coles Nathan T. , Steinhauer Simon , Riedel Sebastian , Müller Christian
Published: August 2021

By using the dimethyl chloronium salt [(CH3)2Cl]+ [Al(OTeF5)4]− in combination with the weakly coordinating pentafluoro-orthotelluratoaluminate anion it is possible to quaternize the phosphorus atom of a series of λ3,σ2-phosphinines in one step.
Competition and conversion between pnicogen bonds and hydrogen bonds involving prototype organophosphorus compounds
Authors: Jing Xinyue , Zeng Yanli , Zhang Xueying , Meng Lingpeng , Li Xiaoyan
Published: August 2021

The properties of pnicogen bonds and hydrogen bonds involving prototype organophosphorus compounds (RPO2) and their conversion mechanisms have been investigated.
Enthalpy formation of fluorene: a challenging problem for theory or experiment?
Authors: Dorofeeva Olga V. , Druzhinina Anna I.
Published: August 2021

Unlike its derivatives, fluorene exhibits a large deviation between the experimental and calculated values of the enthalpy of formation.
Photochemistry and UV/vis spectroscopy of hydrated vanadium cations, V+(H2O)n, n = 1–41, a model system for photochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Heller Jakob , Pascher Tobias F. , Muß Dominik , van der Linde Christian , Beyer Martin K. , Ončák Milan
Published: August 2021

Several reaction channels, many electronic states, and multiple intersystem crossings: V+(H2O)n clusters showcase the complexity of transition metal photochemistry.
Adsorption of water in Na-LTA zeolites: an ab initio molecular dynamics investigation
Authors: Randrianandraina Joharimanitra , Badawi Michael , Cardey Bruno , Grivet Manuel , Groetz Jean-Emmanuel , Ramseyer Christophe , Anzola Freddy Torrealba , Chambelland Caroline , Ducret Didier
Published: August 2021

The very wide range of applications of LTA zeolites, including the storage of tritiated water, implies that a detailed and accurate atomic-scale description of the adsorption processes taking place in their structure is crucial.
Metal free-covalent triazine frameworks as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts – structure–electrochemical activity relationship
Authors: Sönmez Turgut , Belthle Kendra Solveig , Iemhoff Andree , Uecker Jan , Artz Jens , Bisswanger Timo , Stampfer Christoph , Hamzah Hairul Hisham , Nicolae Sabina Alexandra , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Palkovits Regina
Published: August 2021

A covalent triazine framework coated on glassy carbon electrode performs high catalytic activity towards the ORR.
Toxicokinetics of Ag (nano)materials in the soil model Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta) – impact of aging and concentration
Authors: Santos Fátima C. F. , Tourinho Paula S. , Scott-Fordsmand Janeck J. , van Gestel Cornelis A. M. , Amorim Mónica J. B.
Published: August 2021

Silver (Ag) nanomaterials (NMs) are used in many products, reaching the environment at some life stage. Their impact assessed via toxicokinetics differed between Ag salt and nano forms and also with soil aging.
Nano-based soil conditioners eradicate micronutrient deficiency: soil physicochemical properties and plant molecular responses
Authors: Das Pallabi , Gogoi Nayanmoni , Sarkar Shuvasree , Patil Supriya A. , Hussain Nazneen , Barman Soma , Pratihar Sanjay , Bhattacharya Satya Sundar
Published: August 2021

Nano-enabled agriculture is a vibrant research area; nonetheless, reports on effective nanofertilizers are rather scant.
Fluoroalkyl-grafted methacrylate-PDMS membranes using fluoromonomer as a diluent for enhancing biobutanol pervaporation
Authors: Si Zhihao , Wang Yaqi , Liu Chang , Xue Tanlong , Yang Shuai , Li Guozhen , Zhang Changwei , Chen Bo , Cai Di , Qin Peiyong
Published: August 2021

The green and ultrafast preparation of PDMS membrane is realized by using fluoromonomer as the diluent, and the anti-biofouling of membrane is simultaneously improved.
Selenocysteinyl electrophiles efficiently promote the formation of coumarin and quinolinone cores by 6-endo-dig cyclization
Authors: Lapcinska Sindija , Arsenyan Pavel
Published: August 2021

Efficient methods have been disclosed for the construction of nitrogen and oxygen containing heterocyclic systems attached to selenocysteine or selenoglutathione.
Preparation of eco-friendly composite food packaging films based on gelatin and a matrine coconut acids ionic liquid
Authors: Wang Hao , Du Yixiang , Wang Zhenyuan , Yu Wen , Zhang Ling , Wu Chengyu , Wang Mi , Zhang Jiaheng
Published: August 2021

Eco-friendly food packaging films were prepared by compositing gelatin with a bioactive ionic liquid showing excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
Mechanistic insights into aryl nickel-catalyzed benzylic dehydrogenation of electron-deficient heteroarenes by using DFT calculations
Authors: Jia Feiyun , Zhang Bo
Published: August 2021

By using DFT calculations, we have revealed a novel γ-hydride elimination mechanism.
Palladium(ii) N,N,O-pincer type complex-mediated dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to quinazolines
Authors: Anandaraj Pennamuthiriyan , Ramesh Rengan , Kumaradhas Poomani
Published: August 2021

A diverse range of quinazolines were synthesized in moderate to high yields using 0.5 mol% Pd(ii) catalyst loading under aerobic conditions.
Octahedral distortion driven by CsPbI3 nanocrystal reaction temperature – the effects on phase stability and beyond
Authors: Matuhina Anastasia , Grandhi G. Krishnamurthy , Liu Maning , Smått Jan-Henrik , Viswanath N. S. M. , Ali-Löytty Harri , Lahtonen Kimmo , Vivo Paola
Published: August 2021

Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized at 150 °C show a significantly enhanced phase stability from the red-emitting (black) to non-emitting (yellow) phase.
Micro-patterned photoalignment of CsPbBr3 nanowires with liquid crystal molecule composite film for polarized emission
Authors: Wei Yi , Chen Jun , Wang Jiaxin , Li Xiaoming , Zeng Haibo
Published: August 2021

We successfully define different orientations of CsPbBr3 NWs on the same substrate through micro-patterned photoalignment technology and the fluorescence micrographs clearly exhibit the orthogonal polarization direction of the two regions.
Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of aryl esters from p-benzoquinones and aryl triflates
Authors: Wang Siqi , Wang Jian-Shu , Le Zhengjie , Ying Jun , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: August 2021

A palladium-catalyzed dicarbonylation of p-benzoquinones with aryl triflates using Cr(CO)6 as the CO source has been developed.
Correction: A powerful azomethine ylide route mediated by TiO2 photocatalysis for the preparation of polysubstituted imidazolidines
Authors: Liu Anan , Ma Dongge , Qian Yuhang , Li Jundan , Zhai Shan , Wang Yi , Chen Chuncheng
Published: August 2021

Correction for ‘A powerful azomethine ylide route mediated by TiO2 photocatalysis for the preparation of polysubstituted imidazolidines’ by Anan Liu et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, 19, 2192–2197, DOI: 10.1039/D0OB02277B.
Recent advances in bismuth oxyhalide photocatalysts for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater
Authors: Li Yang , Jiang Haiyan , Wang Xu , Hong Xiaodong , Liang Bing
Published: August 2021

Advances in BiOX photocatalysts for degradation of organic pollutants are introduced, including the controllable synthesis, heteroatom doping & surface modification, BiOX/BiOY and BiOX/BimOnXz heterojunctions.
Screw dislocation-induced pyramidal crystallization of dendron-like macromolecules featuring asymmetric geometry
Authors: Sun Xinyu , Feng Xueyan , Yan Xiao-Yun , Luo Jiancheng , Zhang Ruimeng , Li Tao , Li Hui , Chen Jiahui , Liu Fangbei , Raee Ehsan , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Liu Tianbo
Published: August 2021

The dendron-shaped macromolecules ABncrystallize into well-ordered pyramid-like structures from mixed solvents, which is on the contrary to spherical motifs with curved structures in bulk.
Selective hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran with ethanol as a hydrogen donor over β-Mo2C embedded in carbon microspheres
Authors: Cao Ningning , Chen Yong , Lu Kaiyun , Wu Chengming , Abudila Buzaynafu , Li Jifan , Liu Chun-Ling , Dong Wen-Sheng
Published: August 2021

Highly efficient hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran with ethanol as hydrogen donor was achieved over β-Mo2C embedded in carbon microsphere.
Development and application of ultrasound contrast agents in biomedicine
Authors: Wang Yu , Cong Hailin , Wang Song , Yu Bing , Shen Youqing
Published: August 2021

Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) play a crucial role in the integration of US diagnosis and treatment. UCAs have also been studied in the fields of US thrombolysis, mediated gene transfer, drug delivery, and high intensity focused US.
Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-itaconic acid) hydrogels grafted with several designed peptides for human pluripotent stem cell culture and differentiation into cardiomyocytes
Authors: Sung Tzu-Cheng , Lu Ming-Wei , Tian Zeyu , Lee Henry Hsin-Chung , Pan Jiandong , Ling Qing-Dong , Higuchi Akon
Published: August 2021

Human pluripotent stem cells can be successfully cultured on hydrogels grafted with laminin-β4 peptide having appropriate ζ potential, which have a joint segment, dual chain motif, and cationic amino acid insertion.
Covariance regulation based invariant Kalman filtering for attitude estimation on matrix Lie groups
Authors: Wang Jiaolong , Li Minzhe
Published: August 2021

For matrix Lie groups attitude estimation problems with the trouble of unknown/inaccurate process noise covariance, by elaborating the proportion based covariance regulation scheme, this work proposes a novel version of adaptive invariant Kalman filter (AIKF). Invariant Kalman filter (IKF) takes into account the group geometry and can give better results than Euclidean Kalman filters, but it still heavily depends on the accuracy of noise statistics parameters. To ease this constraint, IKF's covariance propagation step is removed and a proportional regulation scheme is elaborated for the proposed AIKF: the feedback of posterior sequence is introduced to construct a closed‐loop structure of covariance propagation, and then a proportional regulator is employed to amplify the feedback and accelerate the convergence of covariance calibration. As the main benefit, implementation of new AIKF does not require the accurate knowledge of noise statistics, which is also the main advantage over IKF. The mathematical derivation of proposed covariance regulation scheme is presented and the numerical simulations of the Lie groups attitude estimation problem are used to certify the filtering performance of the new approach.
Revealing the structure of the lensed quasar Q 0957+561
Authors: Fian C. , Mediavilla E. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Motta V. , Muñoz J. A. , Chelouche D. , Goméz-Alvarez P. , Rojas K. , Hanslmeier A.
Published: August 2021

Aims. We aim to use signatures of microlensing induced by stars in the foreground lens galaxy to infer the size of the accretion disk in the gravitationally lensed quasar Q 0957+561. The long-term photometric monitoring of this system (which so far has provided the longest available light curves of a gravitational lens system) permits us to evaluate the impact of uncertainties on our recently developed method (controlled by the distance between the modeled and the experimental magnitude difference histograms between two lensed images), and thus to test the robustness of microlensing-based disk-size estimates.

Methods. We analyzed the well-sampled 21-year GLENDAMA optical light curves of the double-lensed quasar and studied the intrinsic and extrinsic continuum variations. Using accurate measurements for the time delay between the images A and B, we modeled and removed the intrinsic quasar variability, and from the statistics of microlensing magnifications we used a Bayesian method to derive the size of the region emitting the continuum at λrest = 2558 Å.

Results. Analysis of the Q 0957+561 R-band light curves show a slow but systematic increase in the brightness of the B relative to the A component during the past ten years. The relatively low strength of the magnitude differences between the images indicates that the quasar has an unusually big optical accretion disk of half-light radius: R1/2 = 17.6±6.1 √(M/0.3 M⊙) lt-days.
Analysis and research on power distribution law of power generation based on HHT transform
Authors: Huang Yuanfeng , Wang Yuze , Cao Xian , Wang Haifeng
Published: August 2021

In recent years, tidal current power generation technology has achieved rapid development. On the basis of summarizing the characteristics of tidal current power generation, this paper comprehensively analyzes the distribution law of electric energy in tidal current power generation. Hilbert huang transform was applied to the trend of energy in power quality detection and analysis, the key can power on the trend of the measured data grouping processing, and carried out in accordance with the time period, such as day, month and year of HHT analysis, can get tide power distribution, can verify the HHT analysis in the trend of the power law research in the application feasibility and accuracy.
Characteristics investigation on 4.5kV IGBT with partially narrow mesa and split-gate
Authors: Zhai Xuebing , Yang Tong , Zhang Ruliang , Du Jiang
Published: August 2021

Low on-state voltage and low turn-off loss are key issues for IGBT used in HVDC and FACTS. Partial narrow mesa was introduced to improve emitter side contact resistance of IGBT based on Nakagawa limit assumption. However, turn-off loss increases and short circuit sustainability get worse. Split gate separates gate electrode from drift region and reduces gate-collector capacitance to lower turn-off energy loss. Combination partial narrow mesa with split gate can get better gate performance and turn-off characteristics in 4.5kV IGBT. Simulated results with TCAD show proposed models improves switching loss and gate reliability. By adjusting split gap electric filed, split gate shape has an important effect on turn-on characteristics.
Simulation of heat dissipation model of lithium-ion battery pack
Authors: Li Maode , He Chuan , Zheng Jinkui
Published: August 2021

Lithium-ion power battery has become an important part of power battery. According to the performance and characteristics of lithiumion power battery, the influence of current common charge and discharge and different cooling methods on battery performance was analysed in this paper. According to the software simulation, in the 5C charge-discharge cycle, the maximum temperature of the cells with regular arrangement is 57.97°C, the maximum temperature of the cells with staggered arrangement is 55.83°C, and the maximum temperature of phase change cooling is 47.42°C. The most important thing is that the temperature difference between the cells with phase change cooling is only 5.5°C. Some simulation results of air cooling and phase change show that phase change cooling can control the heat dissipation and temperature rise of power battery well. The research in this paper can provide better theoretical guidance for the temperature rise, heat transfer and thermal management of automotive power battery.
Sensitivity analysis of the influences of mortar aging and loss on the structural performance of masonry arch aqueducts
Authors: Hu Jiang , Ma Fuheng
Published: August 2021

As commonly used canal system structures, masonry arch aqueducts constitute a significant proportion of Chinese old irrigation infrastructures. Most of these existing aqueducts are well over 50 years old, the deterioration of their constituent materials over time, as well as the development of other defects, significantly affects the mechanical responses of these structures. A deep understanding on the dominant factors that influence the structural safety behaviour of masonry arch aqueducts is essential for determining maintenance and strengthening strategies. Taken the Zhaimen masonry aqueduct in the famous Red Flag Canal as a case study, sensitivity analyses of the influences of mortar aging and loss on the structural performance were carried out. The aqueduct, with unknown geometric dimensions and uncertain physical and mechanical parameters, has defects such as the arch ring detaching from the upper structure and the continuous loss and falling of mortar. The discrete element method (DEM) was employed to analyse the structural behaviour. The results show that the upper structure and the supporting structure are stable under the no bond strength condition. When the mortar is lost locally, the vault position is the most dangerous, followed by the arch shoulder, and then the arch foot part. The mortar loss, manifested as denseness reduction, greatly affects the aqueduct stability. Conversely, the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the mortar, caused by weathering and Calcium ion dissolution due to ambient environment and aqueduct leakage, has relatively little impact on the structural safety. Supplementary grouting of the mortar between the stone masonry should be timely carried out to maintain the structural integrity to ensure the overall stability of the structure. The proposed approach can provide a reference to structural diagnosis and performance assessment for similar structures.