bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(In)justice and the blue economy
Authors: Germond‐Duret Celine , Heidkamp C. Patrick , Morrissey John
Published: October 2022

While the ocean space has long been ignored by social sciences, the past 15 years have witnessed an increased interest in the marine environment by scholars in Human Geography. The academic literature on the blue economy, almost non‐existent a few years ago, is now burgeoning. The academic debate has offered some critical assessment of blue economy initiatives, but more needs to be done to address the true place of environmental protection within a blue economy, and to put people at the centre of concerns and analyses. Of particular concern, is the ambiguity of the blue economy concept and the confusion over its social and environmental sustainability, which can ultimately result in harmful practices. An important question is then how should social scientists in general and geographers, specifically, engage with these debates, and in particular how should the potential human and social costs of the blue economy be investigated and addressed while assuring justice and fairness? The papers presented here share the vision that environmental sustainability, justice and equality should be at the heart of the blue economy; not just conceptually, but practically too. The papers pursue efforts to identify blue economy risks and the mechanisms through which they occur; assess the place of inclusion and participation in a sustainable blue economy; define what blue economy policies should include to drive just and sustainable practices; and identify where the dominant understandings of the blue economy and its priorities are coming from. In other words, they put considerations of justice and broader cultural structures at the centre of their concerns and analysis. They also highlight the need to bypass geographical boundaries and gain insights from other disciplines and methodologies to grasp such an encompassing concept, and foster not just a blue economy with social justice, but a blue economy for social justice.
A ‘distinct UK offer’: The geographies of the FCDO's International Development Strategy 2022
Authors: Peck Sarah
Published: October 2022

On 16 May 2022, the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) produced its first International Development Strategy. This commentary explores the geographies of the strategy in more depth, highlighting three key areas: firstly, the dominance of a ‘UK approach’; secondly, its focus on country and bilateral programmes; and, finally, the rise of diplomatic, commercial and technological spaces for development. The commentary concludes that this development strategy produces an imaginary of a more isolationist, independent, sovereign Britain, with development used as a vehicle for a geographical nationalistic re‐branding. These geographical imaginaries are used to legitimise aid to a domestic audience and to enhance Britain's position in the development sector. This emphasis in turn asks further questions about governmental thinking on development – importantly, what is lost, neglected and dismissed through this focus on a ‘distinct UK approach’?
A ‘peopled’ account of political agency in the Arctic: Professional practice and people‐to‐people participation
Authors: Medby Ingrid A.
Published: October 2022

In spite of the region's diverse peoples and unique environments, Arctic political analyses frequently remain focused on the traditional level of the state and inter‐state relations. While states undoubtedly play a significant role in Arctic governance arrangements, this paper seeks to direct attention to the agency of the many people and actors performing politics in the region. A more ‘peopled’ analysis includes renewed attention to professionals – e.g., state personnel, politicians, and diplomats – as well as non‐state actors involved in Arctic politics through different avenues and with different levels of agency. This paper focuses on the so‐called Barents Cooperation, a peace‐building initiative set up in the wake of the Cold War between Nordic states and Russia in the Barents Euro‐Arctic border region. It draws on interviews with professionals involved in the daily running of the Barents Cooperation, including its funding of ‘grassroots’ and people‐to‐people activities, to ask what can lessons can be learnt about Arctic political participation beyond the state. Based on their reflections, key challenges, successes, and future opportunities are highlighted, and the paper argues for strengthening both the analytical attention to and the practical agency of a wider range of political actors.
The Possible Source of Abnormally High Sodium Content in Low‐Salinity Geothermal Water
Authors: Mao Xumei , Ye Jianqiao , Shi Zide , Dong Yaqun
Published: October 2022

The dissolution of sodium‐containing minerals in high‐temperature geothermal systems can cause Na+ to exceed 400 mg/L with high salinity. But the Na+ of low‐salinity geothermal water is mostly less than 100 mg/L in medium‐low temperature geothermal systems. However, geothermal water with Na+ up to 325.4 mg/L and total dissolved solids less than 650 mg/L was found in the Huangshadong geothermal field, which is a typical medium‐low temperature hydrothermal system in South China. The water chemistry results indicate that thermal groundwater is uniformly HCO3‐Na type with high sodium content (average 240.06 mg/L). All the thermal groundwater and shallow groundwater have the same meteoric origin based on δD and δ18O. According to water chemical geothermometers and multicomponent mineral equilibrium (MME) method, the reservoir temperature is estimated to be 100 to 130 °C at a maximum depth of 2.43 km. The estimation of the Cl− mixed indicator suggests that geothermal water has mixed with 51% to 72% of shallow groundwater, resulting in the reduction of Na+ content in real geothermal water (Na+ up to 685.2 mg/L). The simulated results of water‐rock interactions indicate that mineral dissolution and ion exchange have minor contributions to Na+ enrichment in geothermal water. Hydrochemical simulations and Gibbs diagrams suggest an additional source of high sodium: granite fluid inclusions are fractured into geothermal water at high temperatures. Granite fluid inclusions may only account for 3% to 5% of geothermal water, but they provide the main source of Na+ in geothermal water.
Prophylaxis use of clotting factor replacement products in people with non‐severe haemophilia: A review of the literature
Authors: Iorio Alfonso , Königs Christoph , Reding Mark T. , Rotellini Dawn , Skinner Mark W , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Berntorp Erik
Published: October 2022

Introduction

People with non‐severe haemophilia appear to be under‐treated in many countries, and this may lead to joint damage and worsen quality of life.

Aim

To review literature for clotting factor replacement prophylaxis in people with non‐severe haemophilia A and B (HA/HB) in relation to long‐term outcomes to support clinical decision‐making.

Methods

A targeted literature search was performed to identify studies published between 2000 and 2021 that included prophylaxis in people with non‐severe HA/HB and long‐term outcomes, including annualized bleeding rates, joint health and quality of life.

Results

Although eligible articles included 2737 and 2272 people with mild or moderate HA, respectively, only 22% (n = 609) and 29% (n = 668) reported treatment regimens. A total of 549 people with moderate HA were treated with factor replacement prophylaxis and were from high‐income countries. On the contrary, nearly all people with mild HA received desmopressin (n = 599). Details of treatment regimens for women with haemophilia and people with HB were sparse. Three studies provided long‐term outcomes for people with moderate haemophilia who received prophylaxis with factor concentrate, supporting early prophylaxis in people with a frequent bleeding phenotype regardless of their endogenous clotting factor level to preserve joint health.

Conclusion

There remain large knowledge gaps when considering how to provide optimal treatment for people with non‐severe haemophilia. Nonetheless, there is a strong rationale that prophylaxis should be considered early in life according to similar strategies as for severe haemophilia for those with a frequent severe bleeding phenotype.
Reticulated open‐cellular aluminum nitride ceramic foams: Effect of sintering aids on microstructural, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Betke Ulf , Mendoza Danielle Chazaro , Scheffler Michael
Published: October 2022

Open‐celled aluminum nitride ceramic foams were prepared by the polymer sponge replication technique involving aqueous dispersions of passivated AlN. The amount of the Y2O3 and Dy2O3 as sintering aid was varied, and the effects on the densification, microstructure formation, phase composition, and finally, the thermal conductivity were investigated. A typical thermal conductivity of 1.1 W m−1 K−1 was determined for foams at a porosity level of 94.3 vol.%, on average. This measured foam thermal conductivity was subsequently modeled using different porosity ↔ thermal conductivity relations considering the different hierarchical levels of porosity in these foams. From these models, the thermal conductivity of the bulk AlN strut material was determined, correlated with the strut microstructure and the phase composition, and compared to literature data.
Role of rare‐earth Y addition on formation and anticorrosion properties of MAO coating on 2024 aviation aluminum alloy
Authors: Zhang Defen , Ran Yun , Chen Xiaowen , Xia Jun , Cai Liping , Ping Wei
Published: October 2022

Different ceramic coatings were prepared on the surface of 2024 aviation aluminum alloy using micro‐arc oxidation process in silicate based electrolyte combined with the rare earth based compound Y(NO3)3·6H2O. The thickness, hardness of the coating and conductivity of electrolyte were tested using relative devices, morphology and chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscope, respectively. The phase composition of the coatings was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the coating was evaluated by an electrochemical workstation. The results showed that the addition of Y(NO3)3·6H2O could improve the thickness and hardness of the coating. The morphological observation of the coating showed that Y(NO3)3·6H2O was successfully incorporated into the ceramic layer and that the coating had the smallest porosity at 1.5 g/L Y(NO3)3. The phase composition of the coating was mainly γ‐Al2O3, α‐Al2O3, SiO2, Y2O3, and AlPO4. The corrosion resistance of coating in simulated seawater with the addition of Y(NO3)3·6H2O was significantly improved, and the values of |Z|0.01 Hz and corrosion rate of the coating reached the maximum and minimum at 1.5 g/L Y(NO3)3, which were 5.63 × 105 Ω cm2 and 7.444 × 10−4 mm/a, respectively.
Practices to support co‐design processes: A case‐study of co‐designing a program for children with parents with a mental health problem in the Austrian region of Tyrol
Authors: Zechmeister‐Koss Ingrid , Aufhammer Sandra , Bachler Herbert , Bauer Annette , Bechter Philipp , Buchheim Anna , Christiansen Hanna , Fischer Maria , Franz Marianne , Fuchs Martin , Goodyear Melinda , Gruber Nadja , Hofer Alex , Hölzle Laura , Juen Evi , Papanthimou Flora , Prokop Mathias , Paul Jean Lillian
Published: October 2022

Forms of collaborative knowledge production, such as community‐academic partnerships (CAP), have been increasingly used in health care. However, instructions on how to deliver such processes are lacking. We aim to identify practice ingredients for one element within a CAP, a 6‐month co‐design process, during which 26 community‐ and 13 research‐partners collaboratively designed an intervention programme for children whose parent have a mental illness. Using 22 published facilitating and hindering factors for CAP as the analytical framework, eight community‐partners reflected on the activities which took place during the co‐design process. From a qualitative content analysis of the data, we distilled essential practices for each CAP factor. Ten community‐ and eight research‐partners revised the results and co‐authored this article. We identified 36 practices across the 22 CAP facilitating or hindering factors. Most practices address more than one factor. Many practices relate to workshop design, facilitation methods, and relationship building. Most practices were identified for facilitating ‘trust among partners’, ‘shared visions, goals and/or missions’, ‘effective/frequent communication’, and ‘well‐structured meetings’. Fewer practices were observed for ‘effective conflict resolution’, ‘positive community impact’ and for avoiding ‘excessive funding pressure/control struggles’ and ‘high burden of activities’. Co‐designing a programme for mental healthcare is a challenging process that requires skills in process management and communication. We provide practice steps for delivering co‐design activities. However, practitioners may have to adapt them to different cultural contexts. Further research is needed to analyse whether co‐writing with community‐partners results in a better research output and benefits for participants.
Intranasal antisepsis to reduce influenza virus transmission in an animal model
Authors: Gaaloul ben Hnia Nassima , Komen Mathew Kipkemboi , Wlaschin Katie F. , Parthasarathy Ranjani V. , Landgrebe Kevin D. , Bouvier Nicole M.
Published: October 2022

Background

Seasonal influenza annually causes significant morbidity and mortality, and unpredictable respiratory virus zoonoses, such as the current COVID‐19 pandemic, can threaten the health and lives of millions more. Molecular iodine (I2) is a broad‐spectrum, pathogen‐nonspecific antiseptic agent that has demonstrated antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, virus, and fungi.

Methods

We investigated a commercially available antiseptic, a non‐irritating formulation of iodine (5% povidone‐iodine) with a film‐forming agent that extends the duration of the iodine's antimicrobial activity, for its ability to prevent influenza virus transmission between infected and susceptible animals in the guinea pig model of influenza virus transmission.

Results

We observed that a once‐daily topical application of this long‐lasting antiseptic to the nares of either the infected virus‐donor guinea pig or the susceptible virus‐recipient guinea pig, or to the nares of both animals, prior to virus inoculation effectively reduced transmission of a highly transmissible influenza A virus, even when the donor and recipient guinea pigs shared the same cage. Daily treatment of the recipient guinea pig starting 1 day after initial exposure to an infected donor guinea pig in the same cage was similarly effective in preventing detectable influenza virus infection in the recipient animal.

Conclusions

We conclude that a daily application of this antiseptic formulation is efficacious in reducing the transmission of influenza A virus in the guinea pig model, and further study in this and other preclinical models is warranted.
Low‐temperature‐sintered MgO‐based microwave dielectric ceramics with ultralow loss and high thermal conductivity
Authors: Zhao Binfeng , Chen Xianqiang , Chen Naichao , Xu Xinwei , Lu Yani , Cheng Jin , Wang Hong
Published: October 2022

With the development of 5G/6G communication, the requirements of portable devices for miniaturization and multifunction make low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) more and more important. In the area of high‐frequency high‐density passive integration, microwave dielectric ceramics with a low dielectric loss and high thermal conductivity are urgently needed to ensure the effective signals transmission and system reliability. However, most microwave dielectric ceramics with a low dielectric loss were not applicable for the LTCC technology due to the high sintering temperature. In this work, a series of MgO‐based ceramics [(100 − x) wt.% MgO–x wt.% (0.2SrF2–0.8LiF) (x= 5,7,10)] were prepared by solid‐state reaction method. The addition of sintering aid 0.2SrF2–0.8LiF (S2L8) decreased the sintering temperature below 880°C without degrading the microwave dielectric properties of ceramics. Microwave dielectric properties of ceramics, including quality factorQ × f, relative permittivityεr, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequencyτf, were investigated to find the optimum composition and sintering temperature. In general, MgO–7 wt.% S2L8ceramic sintered at 860°C exhibits outstanding properties ofQ × f = 180 233 GHz,εr = 9.11,τf = −40.33 ppm/°C, and a high thermal conductivity of 24.02 W/(m K). This series of ceramics are suitable to be co‐fired with Ag electrodes. With all those great properties, this series of MgO‐based ceramics are expected to be the candidates for LTCC applications in 5G/6G technology.
Fundamental care: An evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Ottonello Giulia , Napolitano Francesca , Musio Maria Emma , Catania Gianluca , Zanini Milko , Aleo Giuseppe , Timmins Fiona , Sasso Loredana , Bagnasco Annamaria
Published: October 2022

Aim

To report an analysis of the concept of fundamental care in the literature.

Design

An evolutionary concept analysis.

Data sources

PubMed and CINAHL Complete databases were consulted using the key terms: fundamental care, fundamentals of care, essential care, basic nursing care and basic care revised. Articles published from 2008 to 2022, in English and Italian, in scholarly/peer‐reviewed nursing journals were included.

Methods

Rodgers's Evolutionary Method of concept analysis was used. Our thematic analysis yielded common themes related to the concept, antecedents, attributes and consequences of fundamental care.

Results

A total of 50 articles were analysed. Thirty‐eight attributes were identified, such as integration of care, patient and family centred care and trusting relationship; eight antecedents including nursing care, nursing practice and care context; and 17 consequences including the safety, quality and consistency of care.

Conclusion

This review of literature reveals that there is no consistent definition of the concept of ‘fundamental care’. Findings from this exploration of the literature emphasized the importance of communication, the contextual environment, leadership influence and nurse–patient relationship in providing effective and high‐quality fundamental care. Our definition of this concept may help nurse leaders in practice, research, education, management and policy to promote and enhance the application of fundamental care.

Impact

What problem did the study address?

While numerous studies examine fundamental nursing care, various terms are used with no consensus on definitions emerging. Given the relevance of this topic, reaching a clear and agreed definition of fundamental care is essential.

What were the main findings?

Fundamental care encompasses the importance of communication, the contextual environment, leadership influence and nurse‐patient relationship in providing effective and high‐quality care.

Where and on whom will the research have an impact?

This definition of fundamental care will assist nurse leaders and researchers to promote and enhance the examination and application of fundamental care in clinical practice to ensure better care outcomes across all healthcare settings.
Global mental health experiences of single mothers: A mixed methods research synthesis
Authors: Vo Timothea , Canty Lucinda
Published: October 2022

Aim

The aim of this research is to synthesize findings from primary studies (quantitative and qualitative) that investigated the global mental health experiences of single mothers to provide a deeper understanding to better care and respond to the support needs of single mothers.

Design

Hayvaert et al.'s mixed methods research synthesis approach.

Data Sources

The search process in the following databases, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus resulted in eight high‐quality studies (5 qualitative and 3 quantitative) published between June 2016 and July 2021.

Review Methods

Descriptive statistics and instrument scores were provided in summary form. Themes were analysed using Krippendorff's content analysis. A joint display was provided to reveal a complementary relationship between two different data sets.

Results

A total of 348 single mothers participated. Amongst the pooled sample, women identified as: Japanese (n = 174), Israeli (n = 147), Black African (n = 18), African American (n = 9), Native American (n = 5), Burundian‐Australian (n = 8), UK British (n = 12), Asian (n = 3), South Korean (n = 7), Indian (n = 2), Malaysian (n = 44), Hispanic/Latina (n = 1) and Eastern European (n = 3). Four themes were identified: (1) Learning to let go of the past, (2) It takes a whole village: Importance of social support, (3) Seeking a self‐reliant life: Challenges with balancing career & childcare and (4) Finding strength within: Personal growth. Only one intervention utilizing creative group counselling was found to significantly decrease depression (p = .008), anxiety (p = .005), and stress (p = .012) whilst increasing self‐compassion (p = .013).

Conclusion

It is important for clinicians who care for single mothers, particularly if they recently immigrated, are multiparous, and an ethnic minority to encourage engagement in peer‐initiated counselling and obtain mental health care as necessary.

Impact

This study identified and addressed the mental health issues that single mothers face worldwide. This is also the first mixed methods research synthesis to report single mothers' ethnicity in nursing and midwifery literature. Thus, findings from this mixed methods research synthesis can help nurses worldwide build culturally‐concordant programs in their respective community organizations and partners (e.g. community health centres, mother‐child enrichment clubs), inform health policies, and promote safer spaces for many single mothers, particularly for those who will immigrate to the Global North (i.e. UK, US, Canada) and become an ethnic minority.
The effects of social and organizational connectedness on employee well‐being and remote working experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brown Adam , Leite Ana C.
Published: October 2022

Maintaining social connectedness is crucial for health and well‐being—especially during uncertain times such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. The present study examined (1) the effects of general and organizational indicators of connectedness on employee well‐being and (involuntary) remote work experiences during lockdown and (2) whether organizational connectedness attenuated the ill effects of isolation on employee well‐being. Full‐ and part‐time workers (N = 188) recruited during the UK's second national COVID‐19 lockdown completed a questionnaire measuring time spent interacting and alone during lockdown, social connectedness, organizational identification, perceived organizational support, organizational communication, ill‐being, organizational well‐being (i.e., well‐being at work), and remote working experiences. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that those with greater social connectedness and organizational support reported less ill‐being. In contrast, those spending more time alone and, unexpectedly, those strongly identifying with their organization, reported more ill‐being. Additionally, those who felt greater organizational support had more positive remote working experiences, whereas stronger organizational identification negatively related to the latter. Only organizational support was significantly associated with (more positive) well‐being at work. Furthermore, moderation analyses showed that time spent alone during the pandemic was associated with poorer organizational well‐being but only among those with lower levels of organizational identification, and those whose organizational communication strategies were poorer. These findings demonstrate that indicators of organizational connectedness played a distinct role in explaining ill‐being, workplace well‐being, and remote working experiences, above and beyond the effects of general connectedness, during lockdown.
Environmental filtering and habitat (mis)matching of riverine invertebrate metacommunities
Authors: Murray‐Stoker David , Murray‐Stoker Kelly M. , Kong Fan Peng , Amanat Fathima
Published: October 2022

Aim

Metacommunities are assembled through a combination of local and regional processes, with the relative importance of the drivers of assembly depending on ecological context. Global change can alter community assembly at both local and regional levels, potentially shifting communities into disequilibrium with their local environmental conditions. We evaluated the spatial variation in environmental filtering and habitat matching of 1078 riverine macroinvertebrate communities distributed across nine ecoregions.

Location

Conterminous United States.

Taxon

Freshwater macroinvertebrates.

Methods

Patterns in environmental filtering, habitat matching and functional trait diversity were compared among ecoregions. Boosted regression trees were used to identify (1) functional trait predictors of environmental filtering and habitat matching and (2) environmental, landscape and network variables that predict functional trait abundances.

Results

Environmental filtering but not habitat matching varied strongly by ecoregion. Functional trait diversity varied by ecoregion, but not as strongly as the signatures of environmental filtering. Functional trait predictors of environmental filtering and habitat matching were not consistent, with trait predictors instead varying by individual traits, trait categories and ecoregions. Notwithstanding inconsistent trait predictors, environmental filtering was primarily influenced by habitat preference traits, whereas habitat matching was primarily influenced by both habitat preference and dispersal traits. Predictors of functional traits also varied by trait category and ecoregion, with habitat preference and dispersal traits primarily influenced by network variables.

Main conclusions

Our study demonstrates the contingent patterns and drivers of environmental filtering and habitat matching on a macroecological scale. We provide the foundation on which trait–environment relationships can be further quantified and causal explanations established in the context of community disequilibrium and applied to conservation and management of freshwater systems.
Origin and timing of de novo variants implicated in type 2 von Willebrand disease
Authors: Chen Ming , Shen Ming‐Ching , Chang Shun‐Ping , Ma Gwo‐Chin , Huang Ying‐Chih , Lin Ching‐Yeh
Published: October 2022

Very few studies have shown the real origin and timing of de novo variants (DNV) implicated in von Willebrand disease (VWD). We investigated four families with type 2 VWD. First, we conducted linkage analysis using single nucleotide variant genotyping to recognize the possible provenance of DNV. Second, we performed amplification refractory mutation system‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction to confirm the real origin of variant (~0% mutant cells) or presence of a genetic mosaic variant (0%–50% mutant cells) in three embryonic germ layer‐derived tissues and sperm cells. Then, three possible timings of DNV were categorized based on the relative likelihood of occurrence according to the number of cell divisions during embryogenesis. Two each with type 2B VWD (proband 1 p.Arg1308Cys, proband 4 p.Arg1306Trp) and type 2A VWD (proband 2 p.Leu1276Arg, proband 3 p.Ser1506Leu) were identified. Variant origins were identified for families 1, 2 and 3 and confirmed to originate from the mother, father and father, respectively. However, the father of family 4 was confirmed to have isolated germline mosaicism with 2.2% mutant sperm cells. Further investigation confirmed the paternal grandfather to be the origin of variant. Thus, we proposed that DNV originating from the two fathers most likely occurred at the single sperm cell, the one originating from the mother occurred at the zygote during the first few cellular divisions; alternatively, in family 4, the DNV most likely occurred at the early postzygotic development in the father. Our findings are essential for understanding genetic pathogenesis and providing accurate genetic counselling.
Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosaLPS‐Induced airway inflammation by RIPK3 in human airway
Authors: Yun Minsu , Park Sun‐Hee , Kang Dong Hee , Kim Ji Wook , Kim Ju Deok , Ryu Siejeong , Lee Jeongyeob , Jeong Hye Min , Hwang Hye Ran , Song Kyoung Seob
Published: October 2022

Although the physiological function of receptor‐interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 3 has emerged as a critical mediator of programmed necrosis/necroptosis, the intracellular role it plays as an attenuator in human lungs and human bronchial epithelia remains unclear. Here, we show that the expression of RIPK3 dramatically decreased in the inflamed tissues of human lungs, and moved from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The overexpression of RIPK3 dramatically increased F‐actin formation and decreased the expression of genes for pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐1β), but not siRNA‐RIPK3. Interestingly, whereas RIPK3 was bound to histone 1b without LPS stimulation, the interaction between them was disrupted after 15 min of LPS treatment. Histone methylation could not maintain the binding of RIPK3 and activated movement towards the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, overexpressed RIPK3 continuously attenuated pro‐inflammatory cytokine gene expression by inhibiting NF‐κB activation, preventing the progression of inflammation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Our data indicated that RIPK3 is critical for the regulation of the LPS‐induced inflammatory microenvironment. Therefore, we suggest that RIPK3 is a potential therapeutic candidate for bacterial infection‐induced pulmonary inflammation.
Hepatoprotective effect of nanoniosome loaded Myristica fragrans phenolic compounds in mice‐induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Poorbagher Mahsa Rastegar Moghaddam , Karimi Ehsan , Oskoueian Ehsan
Published: October 2022

In this study, nanoniosome‐loaded Myristica fragrans' (MF) phenolic compounds (NLMP) were synthesized and characterized for their physical properties, and hepatoprotective effects on mice with liver toxicity induced by L‐asparaginase (LA) injection. According to the results, NLMP has a spherical shape with a 263 nm diameter, a zeta potential of −26.55 mV and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.192. The weight and feed intake of mice induced with hepatotoxicity were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased after they were treated with NLMP (2.5 mg/kg body weight of mice). In addition, the blood levels of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (Chol), liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and total bilirubin were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased. A significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the blood levels of the antioxidant defence system (glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) were also reported after NLMP treatment. NLMP was also led to a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in inflammatory‐related gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) in the liver, as well as a meaningful (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the expression of SOD as an antioxidant status biomarker. Consequently, the NLMP is recommended as a potential dietary supplement to alleviate the symptoms of LA‐induced hepatotoxicity.
First record of mating behaviour and induced parturition of the Brazilian endemic Lutz's stingray Hypanus berthalutzae
Authors: Bettcher Vanessa B. , Bucair Nayara , Granville Marta , Góes Amanda , Mendes Liana de Figueiredo , Di Dario Fabio , de Moura Rodrigo Leão , Garla Ricardo , Rangel Bianca S.
Published: October 2022

The recently described Lutz's stingray Hypanus berthalutzae is endemic to the Brazilian Province, including oceanic islands. Although it is expected to have life‐history traits similar to the southern stingray H. americanus, little is known about its reproductive biology. Here we present the first observations of courtship behaviour (n = 4), copulation (n = 3) and an induced parturition of H. berthalutzae at the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, an insular Marine Protected Area from the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The mating event records included (1) ‘chasing/close following’, (2) ‘biting/precopulatory biting’, (3) ‘insertion/copulation’ and (4) ‘separation’. These results are especially relevant considering that records of reproductive behaviour in the wild are rare for elasmobranchs in general. Mating events occurred in different months, suggesting that the reproductive cycle of H. berthalutzae in this insular system is asynchronous, as observed for other stingray species in regions with favourable environmental conditions and abundant food throughout the year. The opportunistic documentation of the induced parturition allowed for direct nonlethal observation of the two pups at or near full term in late May. Although preliminary, these observations should be considered in future management plans as they provide relevant data about the life‐history traits and mating behaviour of this endemic and threatened species.
Sentiment or habits: Why not both?
Authors: Tham Eric
Published: October 2022

Habits and sentiment are important psychological behaviors in asset pricing. In this article I nest consumer sentiment as a risk factor into the Campbell–Cochrane (CC) habit model and examine its impact on asset prices. The model provides an economic mechanism for the pricing of sentiment risk through its impact on habit sensitivity and equilibrium habit levels but finds its market price of risk much lower than fundamentals. The additional sentiment factor does not improve the CC model, with both models returning a matched moments error of from 1980Q1 to 2021Q4. The sentiment factor, however, subsumes risk aversion with a lower resulting risk coefficient than the CC model without sentiment. Furthermore, the model shows that during the COVID period, the risk premium was driven more by consumption growth than sentiment.
Experiential learning, practices, and space for change: The institutional preconfiguration of community participation in flood risk reduction
Authors: Cook Brian R. , Cornes Isabel , Satizábal Paula , de Lourdes Melo Zurita Maria
Published: October 2022

Responding to societal challenges requires an understanding of how institutional change happens or does not happen. In the context of flood risk reduction, a central impediment of transformational change is a struggle over how public participation is understood and practiced. Risk institutions are often portrayed as resistant to change, which overlooks the individuals within institutions who struggle to implement innovative power‐sharing approaches/arrangements. Using two rounds of qualitative interviews spread over 5 years, this research identifies factions within the risk sector—those who view participation as awareness raising and those who are struggling to make participation part of a wider commitment to power‐sharing: a group that, for the purpose of this analysis, we call “mavericks.” Through focus on how mavericks struggle for change, this analysis uncovers tensions that arise as individuals attempt to alter prevailing knowledge‐practices. The findings highlight the importance of experiential learning, active listening, and the alteration of space. By applying a relational conceptualisation, we explore how mavericks advocate for relationship building, which alters spaces of public participation and, in that way, lays the foundation for transformational social innovations. The conclusions offer flood risk researchers perspective on the institutional struggles that preconfigure how frontrunner projects are or are not able to facilitate the community participation needed to successfully implement societal transformations.
Heat shock factor HSF1 regulates BDNF gene promoters upon acute stress in the hippocampus, together with pCREB
Authors: Franks Hunter , Wang Ruishan , Li Mingqi , Wang Bin , Wildmann Ashton , Ortyl Tyler , O'Brien Shannon , Young Deborah , Liao Francesca‐Fang , Sakata Kazuko
Published: October 2022

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a master stress‐responsive transcriptional factor, protecting cells from death. However, its gene regulation in vivo in the brain in response to neuronal stimuli remains elusive. Here, we investigated its direct regulation of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (Bdnf) in response to acute neuronal stress stimuli in the brain. The results of immunohistochemistry and chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR (ChIP‐qPCR) showed that administration of kainic acid (a glutamate receptor agonist inducing excitotoxity) to young adult mice induced HSF1 nuclear translocation and its binding to multiple Bdnf promoters in the hippocampus. Footshock, a physical stressor used for learning, also induced HSF1 binding to selected Bdnf promoters I and IV. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of HSF1 gene regulation in response to neuronal stimuli in the hippocampus in vivo. HSF1 binding sites (HSEs) in Bdnf promoters I and IV were also detected when immunoprecipitated by an antibody of phosphorylated (p)CREB (cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein), suggesting their possible interplay in acute stress‐induced Bdnf transcription. Interestingly, their promoter binding patterns differed by KA and footshock, suggesting that HSF1 and pCREB orchestrate to render fine‐tuned promoter control depending on the types of stress. Further, HSF1 overexpression increased Bdnf promoter activity in a luciferase assay, while virus infection of constitutively active‐form HSF1 increased levels of BDNF mRNA and protein in vitro in primary cultured neurons. These results indicated that HSF1 activation of Bdnf promoter was sufficient to induce BDNF expression. Taken together, these results suggest that HSF1 promoter‐specific control of Bdnf gene regulation plays an important role in neuronal protection and plasticity in the hippocampus in response to acute stress, possibly interplaying with pCREB.

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Evaluation of the adipokine levels of pregnant women with preeclampsia
Authors: Gök Soner , Gök Berfin Can , Enli Yaşar
Published: October 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare maternal blood and umbilical‐cord leptin, spexin and visfatin levels during delivery in severe preeclampsia (PE) with controls, and to evaluate whether any clinical or demographic variables had independent associations with them.

Methods

This is a case‐controlled observational study consisting of 45 pregnant women with severe PE and a control group consisting of gestational age‐matched 45 healthy pregnant women. We examined the leptin, spexin, and visfatin levels in serum samples taken from maternal blood and umbilical cords during cesarean section in both groups. Leptin, spexin, and visfatin levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The maternal leptin and visfatin levels were significantly higher and the maternal spexin levels were significantly lower in the PE group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Similar to the maternal adipokine levels, the umbilical‐cord leptin and visfatin levels were significantly higher and the spexin levels were significantly lower in the PE group (p < 0.001). We found a significant positive correlation between maternal body mass index and maternal blood and umbilical‐cord serum leptin and visfatin levels in both groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The leptin, spexin and visfatin levels were significantly altered in the nondiabetic preeclamptic women in our study. We believe that the main reason for these changes may be the hypoxic placenta to protect the fetus and maintain its nutrition.
Sexual passion in couple relationships: Emerging patterns from dyadic response surface analysis
Authors: Busby Dean M. , Hanna‐Walker Veronica , Leonhardt Nathan D. , Kim James J.
Published: October 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore the interrelationship between one partner's inhibited sexual passion (ISP) and the other partner's obsessive sexual passion (OSP) and how these two types of extrinsically motivated passion were associated with sexual satisfaction.

Background

Previous research has shown that ISP and OSP are common in many couple relationships and are associated with lower levels of sexual outcomes than harmonious sexual passion, a balanced intrinsically motivated passion. However, it is not known how these two types of passion interact and are associated with sexual satisfaction.

Methods

By combining two convenience dyadic samples, we were able to evaluate the interrelationship between these passion styles with 713 mixed‐sex couples. Sexual passion and satisfaction were measured using established instruments and the data were analyzed using dyadic response surface analysis.

Results

Results indicated that when men considered their sexual passion style to be OSP and their partner's to be ISP this was associated with significantly lower levels of sexual satisfaction for both partners. In contrast, higher levels of OSP in women, as rated by either partner, were associated with higher levels of sexual satisfaction, especially when coupled with lower levels of ISP in men.

Conclusion

Overall, ISP had a strong negative effect on sexual satisfaction for both partners, while the influence of OSP was most clear when considered simultaneously with levels of ISP as it was different for males and females. The results illustrate the benefit of evaluating couple sexual passions simultaneously and interactively for both partners to understand their associations with sexual outcomes.
Characterization of supply of marine finfish species with potential for commercial growth in the United States
Authors: Engle Carole R. , van Senten Jonathan , Schwarz Michael H.
Published: October 2022

Global production of marine finfish has grown in total volume of production and the number of species farmed commercially, but there has been little production in the United States of marine finfish other than salmon and red drum. For most species considered to be ready for commercialization, there are few or no farms from which to evaluate the size of the market or to estimate revenues and costs necessary to assess economic feasibility. This present study takes a first step to fill this gap with an analysis of the existing supply of 20 marine finfish species identified as candidates for commercialization in the United States, as a proxy for effective demand (the volume of a product sold at the market equilibrium price). Secondary data from 1950 (where available) through 2019 were compiled on each species, including (1) global aquaculture production, (2) US aquaculture production, (3) US commercial landings, (4) US recreational landings, and (5) imports. Current effective market demand (measured as the sum of commercial landings, farmed production, and imports) was low, totaling 36.6 million kg across the 20 species, which is equivalent to less than 23% of the annual volume sold of US farmed catfish. Commercial landings for 17 of the 20 species exhibited declines, potentially offering opportunities for farmed product to capture market share by filling the increasing gaps in supply. The variability in commercial landings provides opportunities for farms to capitalize on their advantage in supplying product with a high degree of consistency of volume, size, delivery frequency, and quality. Several unknown factors suggest the need for follow‐up studies on consumer preferences, degree of substitutability among finfish species, and effects of recreational landings on demand. An important limitation to prospective producers is the lack of species‐specific import data for the generic categories of “flounder,” “bass,” and “snapper.” This supply analysis provides a foundational analysis for prospective producers, investors, and researchers interested in commercialization of these marine species.
Atmospheric phosphorus deposition amplifies carbon sinks in simulations of a tropical forest in Central Africa
Authors: Goll Daniel S. , Bauters Marijn , Zhang Haicheng , Ciais Philippe , Balkanski Yves , Wang Rong , Verbeeck Hans
Published: October 2022

Spatial redistribution of nutrients by atmospheric transport and deposition could theoretically act as a continental‐scale mechanism which counteracts declines in soil fertility caused by nutrient lock‐up in accumulating biomass in tropical forests in Central Africa. However, to what extent it affects carbon sinks in forests remains elusive.

Here we use a terrestrial biosphere model to quantify the impact of changes in atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition on plant nutrition and biomass carbon sink at a typical lowland forest site in Central Africa.

We find that the increase in nutrient deposition since the 1980s could have contributed to the carbon sink over the past four decades up to an extent which is similar to that from the combined effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate change. Furthermore, we find that the modelled carbon sink responds to changes in phosphorus deposition, but less so to nitrogen deposition.

The pronounced response of ecosystem productivity to changes in nutrient deposition illustrates a potential mechanism that could control carbon sinks in Central Africa. Monitoring the quantity and quality of nutrient deposition is needed in this region, given the changes in nutrient deposition due to human land use.
Effect of donor blood storage on gel column crossmatch in dogs
Authors: Thomas‐Hollands Alison , Hess Rebecka S. , Weinstein Nicole M. , Marryott Kimberly , Fromm Samantha , Chappini Nicole A. , Callan Mary Beth
Published: October 2022

Background

Compared with fresh blood, stored equine donor blood results in spurious tube crossmatch incompatibilities. Interpretation of blood crossmatch results is considered subjective.

Objectives

We aimed to determine if the duration of canine donor blood storage impacts compatibility testing using a standard gel column crossmatch and evaluate interobserver variation in the interpretation of crossmatch results.

Methods

Observational study. Whole blood segments were obtained from 23 canine packed red blood cell (RBC) units for use in crossmatches after storage for 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. Major and minor crossmatches were performed using serum and RBCs, respectively, from two to three healthy “recipient” dogs per unit. All crossmatch results were interpreted by four observers, of whom three were blinded.

Results

All major crossmatches (n = 61) were compatible on day 0 and remained compatible through day 35 of storage. All minor crossmatches (n = 69) were compatible at all time points, except for five donor pairs with 1 to 3+ agglutination. Repeat testing of these five donor pairs confirmed crossmatch incompatibilities on days 0 through 35, with no change in the degree of incompatibility over time. There was substantial agreement among four observers in determining compatibility (κ = 0.94) and scoring incompatibility (κ = 0.76).

Conclusions

The current practice of performing canine crossmatches with whole blood segments stored for up to 35 days is acceptable, with no spurious changes in compatibility expected over time. The substantial interobserver agreement suggests that the gel column is suitable for performing canine crossmatches in a laboratory setting with multiple personnel.