bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the HPV-test more cost-effective than cytology in cervical cancer screening? An economic analysis from a middle-income country
Authors: Vale Diama Bhadra , Silva Marcus Tolentino , Discacciati Michelle Garcia , Polegatto Ilana , Teixeira Julio Cesar , Zeferino Luiz Carlos
Published: May 2021

Objective

To report a modelling study using local health care costs and epidemiological inputs from a population-based program to access the cost-effectiveness of adopting hrHPV test.

Methods

A cost-effectiveness analysis based on a microsimulation dynamic Markov model. Data and costs were based on data from the local setting and literature review. The setting was Indaiatuba, Brazil, that has adopted the hrHPV test in place of cytology since 2017. After calibrating the model, one million women were simulated in hypothetical cohorts. Three strategies were tested: cytology to women aged 25 to 64 every three years; hrHPV test to women 25–64 every five years; cytology to women 25–29 years every three years and hrHPV test to women 30–64 every five years (hybrid strategy). Outcomes were Quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER).

Results

The hrHPV testing and the hybrid strategy were the dominant strategies. Costs were lower and provided a more effective option at a negative incremental ratio of US$ 37.87 for the hybrid strategy, and negative US$ 6.16 for the HPV strategy per QALY gained. Reduction on treatment costs would influence a decrease in ICER, and an increase in the costs of the hrHPV test would increase ICER.

Conclusions

Using population-based data, the switch from cytology to hrHPV testing in the cervical cancer screening program of Indaiatuba is less costly and cost-effective than the old cytology program.
What makes music memorable? Relationships between acoustic musical features and music-evoked emotions and memories in older adults
Authors: Salakka Ilja , Pitkäniemi Anni , Pentikäinen Emmi , Mikkonen Kari , Saari Pasi , Toiviainen Petri , Särkämö Teppo
Published: May 2021

Background and objectives

Music has a unique capacity to evoke both strong emotions and vivid autobiographical memories. Previous music information retrieval (MIR) studies have shown that the emotional experience of music is influenced by a combination of musical features, including tonal, rhythmic, and loudness features. Here, our aim was to explore the relationship between music-evoked emotions and music-evoked memories and how musical features (derived with MIR) can predict them both.

Methods

Healthy older adults (N = 113, age ≥ 60 years) participated in a listening task in which they rated a total of 140 song excerpts comprising folk songs and popular songs from 1950s to 1980s on five domains measuring the emotional (valence, arousal, emotional intensity) and memory (familiarity, autobiographical salience) experience of the songs. A set of 24 musical features were extracted from the songs using computational MIR methods. Principal component analyses were applied to reduce multicollinearity, resulting in six core musical components, which were then used to predict the behavioural ratings in multiple regression analyses.

Results

All correlations between behavioural ratings were positive and ranged from moderate to very high (r = 0.46–0.92). Emotional intensity showed the highest correlation to both autobiographical salience and familiarity. In the MIR data, three musical components measuring salience of the musical pulse (Pulse strength), relative strength of high harmonics (Brightness), and fluctuation in the frequencies between 200–800 Hz (Low-mid) predicted both music-evoked emotions and memories. Emotional intensity (and valence to a lesser extent) mediated the predictive effect of the musical components on music-evoked memories.

Conclusions

The results suggest that music-evoked emotions are strongly related to music-evoked memories in healthy older adults and that both music-evoked emotions and memories are predicted by the same core musical features.
Ultrasound-guided dynamic needle tip positioning technique for radial artery cannulation in elderly patients: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Kyu Nam , Jeong Mi Ae , Lee Bong Soo , Lim Hyun Jin
Published: May 2021

Background

Radial artery cannulation, which is a useful procedure for anesthetic management, is often challenging in elderly patients. Recently, the dynamic needle tip positioning (DNTP) technique was introduced to facilitate ultrasound-guided vascular catheterization. Therefore, we performed this prospective, parallel group, randomized, controlled trial to compare the ultrasound-guided DNTP technique with the palpation method in elderly patients.

Methods

For this study, 256 patients aged 65 years or older were randomly allocated to the ultrasound-guided DNTP technique group (DNTP group) or the palpation method group (palpation group). The primary outcome was first-attempt success rate. The secondary outcomes were overall success rate, numbers of attempts and redirections, cannulation time, and incidence of complications.

Results

The first-attempt success rate (85.9% vs. 72.3%; relative risk [RR], 1.47; 95% CI 1.25–1.72; P<0.001) and the overall success rate (99.2% vs. 93.0%; RR, 1.07; 95% CI 1.02–1.12; P = 0.01) were significantly higher in the DNTP group compared to the palpation group. The numbers of attempts [1 (1,1) vs. 1 (1,3), P<0.001] and redirections [0 (0,1) vs. 2 (0,4), P<0.001] were significantly lower in the DNTP group. The cannulation time for successful attempts was 42 (32,55) seconds in the DNTP group and 53 (36,78) seconds in the palpation group (P<0.001). The incidence of hematoma was significantly lower in the DNTP group (7% vs. 24.2%; RR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.14–0.59; P<0.001).

Conclusions

Ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation with the DNTP technique improved the efficiency of radial artery cannulation in elderly patients by increasing the success rate while minimizing complications.
Development possibilities of rural tourism activities in the Almaj Valley area, Caras-Severin County
Authors: Adamov Tabita Cornelia , Iancu Tiberiu , Pîrvulescu Luminița , Brad Ioan , Popescu Gabriela , Ciolac Ramona
Published: May 2021

Rural tourism and agrotourism have an extremely important contribution in rural area’s development, not only in financial terms but also in terms of increasing and improving the quality of life of residents from these areas. So, the development of these forms of tourism is required in the rural area, both economically and socially. Known as an important ethnographic area of the country, with traditional elements specific, Almaj Valley through natural and cultural potential available, it stands more and more lately by intensifying rural tourist and ecotourist activity. However, tourist infrastructure is very underdeveloped, to rural communities returning the mission to get more involved in this purpose, having in view, the national and international recognition of the high tourism potential of this area
Romanian area still retains, quite well, the traditional, cultural, ethnographic and folklore valences specific to rural areas, providing favorable conditions for development of rural tourism and agrotourism. Romanian villages have a rich tourist potential, having diversified tourist resources: traditions, customs and folk values, cultural monuments, historical and art and an unpolluted natural environment with a rich natural tourism potential.
Almajului Depression known as well as the Almaj Country, Almajului Valley or Bozovici Depression is situated in the South-East side of Banat Mountains, in the south of Caras-Severin county, near the Parallel 45°, being an intramountainous depression, of ellipsoidal form of NE-SW orientation, belonging to Nera basin.
Study regarding agricultural production from Caras-Severin County
Authors: Brad Ioan , Iancu Tiberiu , Gherman Remus , Adamov Tabita , Dincu Ana-Mariana
Published: May 2021

The present paper wishes to present objectively, through the medium of analyze, the situation of agricultural production from Caras-Severin County. Like all over the country, in Caras-Severin County it practices a subsistence agriculture, underperforming, for self-consumption. The lack of association and weak technological equipment, the large number of elderly farmers, does not allow the practice of an efficient and competitive agriculture. Even if Caras-Severin County is the third as largest on the country, in terms of agricultural area, this being only 396.915 ha, occupies only 13th place thanks to the relief mostly mountainous. From the data presented in this article it can be seen that the agricultural production of Caras-Severin County has registered an upward trend in the 2010-2013 period, after which its level decreased in the year 2014 due to the decrease of agricultural production animal and vegetable, but it can notice an increase of agricultural services in this year.
Rural areas from demographic perspective. Study case Poland and Romania
Authors: Toader Cosmina-Simona , Zajdel Malgorzata , Feher Andrea Ana , Michalcewicz-Kaniowska Malgorzata
Published: May 2021

The rural area is an extremely varied area, agricultural area, the area occupied by forests and grazing the surface of non-agricultural lands (Riviera sea, etc.) and rural agglomerations is a separate entity from the urban areas characterized by a high demographic concentration and vertical and horizontal structures.
Being often under the impact of old production systems, characterized by accelerated development and irrational of industry, the countryside has been subject to economic transformation, social and environmental, which mostly resulted in exodus and impoverishment of the rural population. Given this situation, are downright remarkable efforts of developed countries and not only to balance rural-urban ratio, reconciliation and revival of rural areas is kept of unique material and spiritual values.
Rural areas are the result of interactions between man and nature, between interdependencies relations, who are specific to diversity of social actions and their natural environment, between the material and spiritual civilization, which for centuries coexist and evolve in a particular national territory. Image of rural area is emphasized by its size, which is the synthetic expression of social activities that are conducted using specific processes and phenomena of nature. All specific features of rural areas (natural, human, material and spiritual), which define the dimension of rural areas, are highlighted by the following components of the system: territorial administrative, demographic, economic and infrastructural.
European rural area was and is the subject of extensive restructuring processes that were the result of a complex interaction of social phenomena, economic, sectoral and regional transfers. In circumstances where over half of the 27 Member States of the European Union lives in rural areas, and it occupies over 80% of the total territory, rural areas have considerable potential for growth, with a vital social role. Rural population and surface area occupied and the importance of rural life for a country, make the problem of rural development to gain a national and international importance.
In this article the authors presents rural areas as an important part of a country with all its components. The authors elaborated a comparative analysis of rural areas from Poland and Romania from demographic perspective. The analysis was elaborated using indicators like population density, population structure by gender and age, migrations of population, relying on data from national and european statistics.
Revealing the opinion climates of fruit producers and their sales connection
Authors: Ványi Noémi
Published: May 2021

Although researches on the subject of business relationships indicate that the quality of the relationship between the partners is a central element of effective cooperation, it can still be considered an unexplored territory. This paper aims to reveal the relationship of fruit producers  and customers, based on relationship quality, as well as determining what customer cooperation is regarded by fruit producers as the most favourable . The survey was conducted between 2013 and 2014, involving 223 producers from Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, to evaluate their customer cooperation. The results of the evaluation concluded that producers value factors of relationship quality in their cooperation with sales channels differently. Their opinions reflect that overall the most favourable relationship exists between producers and agricultural cooperatives. The main reason is that this cooperation is primarily based on trust, commitment and friendship, where there is typically no conflict among parties and they mutually accept dependence. Since the results of the evaluation clearly reflected that producers value cooperation differently regarding the factors of relationship quality with respect to the various sales channels, further research is justified to reveal correlations between various relationship evaluations (opinion climates) and performance as well as devoting more attention to relationships among the various factors.
Applications of SRD-method in horticultural and food sciences
Authors: Boros Ildikó Fruzsina , Kappel Noémi , Madaras Krisztina , Gere Attila , Sipos László
Published: May 2021

The effect of an attribute is evaluated without changing other factors. The other type is when the effect of the interactions of different treatments is analysed. In some cases, it would be necessary to use new approaches. How can we evaluate cultivars, methods, proceedings, treatments, etc. meanwhile using all parameters at the same time? Sum of Ranking Differences (SRD) is an alternative statistical method, implemented by Héberger (2010). Validation and the software implementation was done by Héberger and Kollár-Hunek (2011). Cultivars, methods, procedures, treatments, etc. can be compared successfully with SRD-method. Several international publications proved the relevancy of the methodology. In this study, SRD-method is introduced, as well as those researches, which conducted in horticultural and food sciences. Based on these, new fields of application are suggested.
Antiantioxidant and antimicrobial activity of herbal teas
Authors: Kincses Lilla Barbara , Csaplár Bettina , Krisch Judit
Published: May 2021

Teas made from 18 Hungarian medicinal plants were investigated for their total phenolic content and antioxidant effect as radical scavenging activity using the Folin-Ciocaltau and DPPH assays. Antimicrobial effect of the herbal teas was measured by agar diffusion method.
In total, the results showed that the smallflower hairy willowherb (Epilobium parviflorum) had the highest antioxidant effect among the plants studied. Teas made from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and bean pods (Phaseoli legumen) have the lowest activity. Only four herbal teas showed some antimicrobial activity: the smallflower hairy willowherb (Epilobium parviflorum), common agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria), spearmint (Mentha crispa) and bean pods. At smaller concentrations the relationship found between total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity was linear but with increasing phenol content the antioxidant activity remained the same.
Workplace spirituality and social enterprise. A review and research agenda
Authors: Gjorevska Natasha
Published: May 2021

Workplace spirituality is a social movement about purposeful work that has both personal and broader societal considerations. Social enterprises are alternative organizational forms that strive to create value by simultaneously pursuing social, economic and environmental goals. Both workplace spirituality and social enterprise discourses have a value creation orientation for self and others, framed as serving and contributing towards the common good. However, only a few studies have addressed the relevance of workplace spirituality for social enterprises. Based on the literature for workplace spirituality and social enterprise, respectively, this paper argues that these phenomena have a common ground: prosocial motives, doing well (value creation) and being well (flourishing). Workplace spirituality can help preserve social enterprises’ integrity, while the social enterprise context can support the incorporation of workplace spirituality to generate positive outcomes. Further studies could explore this potentiality, and the present paper provides some future research suggestions.
Emotional abuse forms, process, patterns and ways to overcome
Authors: Srivastav Bhanu
Published: May 2021

Emotional abuse is a technique used to exert power over another person by criticizing, humiliating, blaming, or otherwise manipulating them with their emotions. Emotional violence is one of the most difficult types of abuse to identify. Emotional abuse is often overlooked as abuse by survivors of domestic violence. Emotional abuse has a variety of effects on the victim. 65 percent of Indian men, women should accept abuse in order to hold the family together. Domestic abuse affects 70% of women in India (Physical, Sexual, Emotional & Economic). Different forms of emotional abuses in India are: a. Accusation of her character or behavior, etc. b. Harassment for failing to carry dowry, etc. c. Discrimination for not having a boy child d. Discrimination for not having a child e. Dissuading the wife from getting a job Individuals who are emotionally abusive have inflated expectations. Individuals that are emotionally abusive invalidate you. Individuals that are emotionally abusive cause havoc. Individuals who are emotionally abusive use emotional. Individuals who are emotionally abusive seem superior and entitled.
Potent Acid Suppression With Vonoprazan vs Proton Pump Inhibitors Does Not Have Higher Association With Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Watanabe Kenta , Shimodaira Yosuke , Takahashi So , Fukuda Sho , Koizumi Shigeto , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Iijima Katsunori
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with the onset of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Although a new potassium-competitive acid blocker, vonoprazan, consistently shows a more potent acid inhibitory effect in comparison to PPIs, the risk of CDI in vonoprazan-treated patients relative to those treated with PPIs is unknown. In this retrospective case-control study, using a nationwide hospital-based administrative database in Japan, we investigated the association of the onset of CDI in patients treated with vonoprazan.

METHODS:

A CDI case was defined as a case in which a patient was diagnosed and treated for CDI. For each CDI case, 3 non-CDI patients were extracted as controls. Information on the usage of acid suppressants in the 2 months before the onset of CDI and other confounding factors was collected. Relative associations of gastric acid suppressants with the onset of CDI were estimated.

RESULTS:

A total of 4,466 CDI cases and 13,220 of non-CDI controls were extracted. A multivariate conditional regression analysis revealed that PPI or vonoprazan use was modestly, but significantly associated with CDI (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: PPI, 1.3 [1.2–1.4]; vonoprazan, 1.4 [1.2–1.7]). With PPI users as a reference, vonoprazan did not show a stronger association with CDI (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.07 [0.91–1.26]).

DISCUSSION:

We found a significant positive association between vonoprazan use and CDI; however, the magnitude of the association was not beyond that in PPI users. This is the first report on any potential adverse effects of vonoprazan.
Determination of bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activity, and the phytochemistry of the organic banana peel in Thailand
Authors: Naksing Thanyarat , Teeka Jantima , Rattanavichai Wutti , Pongthai Prapaporn , Kaewpa Dolnapa , Areesirisuk Atsadawut
Published: May 2021

Banana fruit is enriched with phytonutrients, minerals, and its peel, which is mostly discarded as waste. This research aimed to study its bioactive compound properties, antimicrobial activity, and identify and characterize the constituents of organic banana peel extract (BPE), composed of six species (i.e., Kluai Homthong, Kluai Namwa, Kluai Kai, Kluai Hukmook, Kluai Lebmuernang, and Kluai Homtaiwan). Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant content, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were important in BPE of Kluai Kai. BPE of Kluai Hukmook could inhibit Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum exposed diverse compounds of primary and secondary phytochemicals. Four main constituents, including acetic acid, formic acid, 1,2-benzenediol,3-methyl-, and 4-hydroxy-2-methylacetophone derived from gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), demonstrated their antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity. This result suggests that organic banana peel can both be applied as an antioxidant and antimicrobial substance. BPE increases the value of banana peels (BPs) and reduces the burden of its waste disposal in the environment.
The Alchemist’s work: Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs and the reception of his collection of alchemical poems Shudhūr al-dhahab
Authors: Braun Christopher , Forster Regula
Published: May 2021

In recent years, scholars have increasingly turned their attention to the social contexts of Islamic manuscripts related to the occult sciences. With regard to manuscripts dealing with Arabic alchemy, however, in-depth studies are still lacking. This article aims at shedding some light on the readers and owners of Arabic alchemical literature, focusing on Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs, a Moroccan alchemist of the twelfth century, and his collection of poems entitled Shudhūr al-dhahab (“The Splinters of Gold”). In the centuries following Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs’s death, his dīwān became a “bestseller” and was copied numerous times in many parts of the Islamicate world. The 94 extant manuscripts bear witness to this incredible success and allow us to take a closer look at the milieus in which this text circulated.
Role of ACE2 polymorphism in COVID-19: impact of age
Authors: Mohaghegh Sadra , Motie Parisa , Motamedian Saeed Reza
Published: May 2021

More than 2 million people have died as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a counter-regulatory enzyme that converts angiotensin-2 to Ang-(1–7) form in the renin-angiotensin system. Several studies have been analyzed the correlation between ACE2 and COVID-19. Indeed, ACE2/Ang (1–7) system protects the lung against acute respiratory distress syndrome by its anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant function. However, SARS-Cov-2 can use ACE2 for host cell entry. Expression of ACE2 can be altered by several factors, including hypertension, diabetes and obesity, which also could increase the severity of COVID-19 infection. Besides, since androgens increase the expression of ACE-2, males are at higher risks of COVID-19 infection. Although reported statistics showed a significantly different infection risks of COVID-19 between adults and children, the reason behind the different responses is still unclear. This review proposes the effect of ACE polymorphism on the severity of SARS-COV-2 induced pneumonia. The previous meta-analysis regarding the effect of ACE polymorphism on the severity of pneumonia showed that polymorphism only affects the adult’s illness severity and not the children. Two recent meta-analyses examined the effect of ACE polymorphism on the prevalence and mortality rate of COVID-19 and reported contradicting results. Our opinion paper suggests that the effect of ACE polymorphism on the severity of COVID-19 depends on the patients age, same as of the pneumonia.
Permanent monitoring of thin structures with low-cost devices
Authors: Abruzzese Donato , Bracale Davide , Forconi Damiano , Grizzi Gian Marco , Micheletti Andrea , Paradisi Daniele , Tiero Alessandro , Vuth Sreymom
Published: May 2021

Recently, structural monitoring technology invested in methodologies that give direct information on structures’ stress state. Optic fibers, strain gauges, pressure cells give real-time data on the stress condition of a structural element, often determining the area where peak stresses have been reached, with a clear advantage over other less direct monitoring methodologies, such as, e.g., the use of accelerometers and inverse analysis to estimate internal forces. In addition, stresses can be recorded in a data log for analysis after a loading event, as well as for taking into account the lifelong stress state of the structure. Beams and columns of a reinforced concrete frame can be effectively monitored for flexural loads. Differently, thin shells are most of their lifespan under membrane regime, and, when properly designed, they rarely move to the bending regime. Our proposal is to monitor the stress in thin structures by small-sized low-cost devices able to record the stress history at key locations, sending alerts when necessary, with the aim of ensuring safety against the risk of collapse, or simply to perform maintenance/repairing activities. Such devices are realized with cheap off-the-shelf electronics and traditional strain gauges. The application examples are given as laboratory tests performed on a reinforced concrete plate, a masonry panel, and a steel beam. Results shows that the permanent monitoring control of stresses can be conveniently carried out on new structures using low-cost devices of the type we designed and realized in-house.
DNA barcoding of bats (Chiroptera) from the Colombian northern region
Authors: Benítez Álvaro J. , Ricardo-Caldera Dina , Atencia-Pineda María , Ballesteros-Correa Jesús , Chacón-Pacheco Julio , Hoyos-López Richard
Published: May 2021

Bats are mammals of great ecological and medical importance, which have associations with different pathogenic microorganisms. DNA barcoding is a tool that can expedite species identification using short DNA sequences. In this study, we assess the DNA barcoding methodology in bats from the Colombian Northern region, specifically in the Córdoba department. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences of nine bat species were typified, and their comparison with other Neotropic samples revealed that this marker is suitable for individual species identification, with ranges of intra-species variation from 0.1 to 0.9%. Bat species clusters are well supported and differentiated, showing average genetic distances ranging from 3% between Artibeus lituratus and Artibeus planirostris, up to 27% between Carollia castanea and Molossus molossus. C. castanea and Glossophaga soricina show geographical structuring in the Neotropic. The findings reported in this study confirm DNA barcoding usefulness for fast species identification of bats in the region.
Effects of nano-modified polymer cement-based materials on the bending behavior of repaired concrete beams
Authors: Meng Tao , Lian Songsong , Yang Xiufen , Meng Ruitan
Published: May 2021

As the use time of concrete structures increases, defects such as concrete cracks, corrosion and exposure of steel bars gradually appear, resulting in additional repair of concrete structures to increase their durability and life. In this article, the effects of nano-modified polymer cement-based materials as repair material on the bending behavior of repaired concrete beams were studied. Based on the moment, deflection, strain, surface quality and cracking development monitor of repaired concrete beams, the bending behavior of repaired beams with polymer, nano-modified polymer and fibers was compared and the failure mechanism of the beams was analyzed. The results showed that the nano-modified polymer cement-based materials are helpful in improving the performance of repaired beams, manifested by the increase in the ultimate bending moment and the significant improvement in the quality of the interface between repair and matrix concrete. Compared with polymer cement-based materials, nano-modified polymer cement-based materials result in a 27% increase in ultimate bending moment of the repaired beam and a 58% increase in cracking moment, while reducing the total number of cracks by 23% and the average width of cracks by 17% in the repaired beam. This article demonstrated the availability of nanomaterials for improving the loading behavior of structural components with polymer-modified cement-based materials.
The White Working Class and the Politics of Race in the United States
Authors: Palley Howard A.
Published: May 2021

The Declaration of Independence asserts that “All men are created equal, and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” Nevertheless, the United States, at its foundation has been faced with the contradiction of initially supporting chattel slavery --- a form of slavery that treated black slaves from Africa purely as a commercial commodity. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, both of whom had some discomfort with slavery, were slaveholders who both utilized slaves as a commodity. Article 1 of our Constitution initially treated black slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of apportioning representation in order to increase Southern representation in Congress. So initially the Constitution’s commitment to “secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity” did not include the enslaved black population. This essay contends that the residue of this initial dilemma still affects our politics --- in a significant manner.
The Inventory of Physical Activity Barriers for Community-Dwelling Adults 50 Years of Age and Older: Development and Preliminary Validation
Authors: Wingood Mariana , Gell Nancy , Peters Denise , Hutchins Tiffany
Published: May 2021

Background:

Health care providers, including physical therapists, need to identify the reasons for insufficient physical activity (PA) to assist the 56% to 73% of community-dwelling adults 50 years of age and older who are not performing the recommended 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA. Currently, there is no feasible, multifactorial tool to assess PA barriers among this population. Without a tool, health care providers must either rely on self-generated questions or collate results from multiple assessments to identify PA barriers related to personal, social, and environmental factors, which can be time-consuming and incomplete.

Purpose:

To develop the Inventory of Physical Activity Barriers (IPAB), an assessment tool that examines personal, social, and environmental PA barriers.

Methods:

We developed and psychometrically evaluated the IPAB using a 3-phase process. For phase 1, we used a deductive method to develop the initial scale. During phase 2, we refined the scale and explored its psychometric properties by collecting cross-sectional pilot data on community-dwelling adults 50 years of age and older. We used descriptive statistics, item-scale correlations, construct validity via Mann-Whitney U test, and internal consistency via Cronbach α to analyze the data from phase 2. After identifying the scale's potential for being valid and reliable, we implemented phase 3, a modified Delphi technique.

Results:

Using item-scale correlations, descriptive statistics, and consensus among PA experts, we refined the initial scale from 172 items to 40 items. The 40-item IPAB demonstrated good construct validity (determined by the scale's ability to differentiate between individuals who did and did not meet 150 min/wk of moderate to vigorous PA; P = .01) and internal consistency (Cronbach α of 0.97).

Conclusion:

Our preliminary results suggest that the IPAB is valid and reliable. Using the IPAB, health care providers will be able to identify patients' PA barriers and thus develop individualized PA prescriptions, an evidence-based method of increasing PA.
Plyo-Accentuated Eccentric Loading Methods to Enhance Lower Limb Muscle Power
Authors: Handford Matthew J. , Rivera Fernando Martín , Maroto-Izquierdo Sergio , Hughes Jonathan D.
Published: May 2021

Accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) can be combined with lower-body power-based movements to acutely enhance them; however, currently, there are limited recommendations for this training method. AEL can enhance force and power metrics during its utilization with lower-body power-based exercises. When using AEL, exercises should consist of jump squats and countermovement jumps with loading methods consisting of weight releasors or dumbbell hand release. Elastic bands can be used; however, more research is needed in this area. External loads ranging from 10–30% of body mass can be used. Future research needs to investigate increased eccentric and concentric loads when using AEL with power-based movements.
GLOBAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: Global perspectives in endocrinology: coverage of iodized salt programs and iodine status in 2020
Authors: Zimmermann Michael B , Andersson Maria
Published: May 2021

Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects on growth and development. Diets in many countries cannot provide adequate iodine without iodine fortification of salt. In 2020, 124 countries have legislation for mandatory salt iodization and 21 have legislation allowing voluntary iodization. As a result, 88% of the global population uses iodized salt. For population surveys, the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) should be measured and expressed as the median, in μg/L. The quality of available survey data is high: UIC surveys have been done in 152 out of 194 countries in the past 15 years; in 132 countries, the studies were nationally representative. The number of countries with adequate iodine intake has nearly doubled from 67 in 2003 to 118 in 2020. However, 21 countries remain deficient, while 13 countries have excessive intakes, either due to excess groundwater iodine, or over-iodized salt. Iodine programs are reaching the poorest of the poor: of the 15 poorest countries in the world, 10 are iodine sufficient and only 3 (Burundi, Mozambique and Madagascar) remain mild-to-moderately deficient. Nigeria and India have unstable food systems and millions of malnourished children, but both are iodine-sufficient and population coverage with iodized salt is a remarkable 93% in both. Once entrenched, iodine programs are often surprisingly durable even during national crises, for example, war-torn Afghanistan and Yemen are iodine-sufficient. However, the equity of iodized salt programs within countries remains an important issue. In summary, continued support of iodine programs is needed to sustain these remarkable global achievements, and to reach the remaining iodine-deficient countries.
El coraje de la verdad en el último Michel Foucault: su “otro modo” y su “vida otra” (1981-1984)
Authors: Borda-Malo Echeverri Santiago
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es compartir con la comunidad académica el resultado de investigación de la tesis doctoral de filosofía intitulada La parresía como heterotopía en el último Foucault: otro modo crítico y específico de ser, (im)pensar, decir y vivir (2014-2018). En efecto, intento esbozar el itinerario de la obra del úlltimo Foucault (1981-1984) como una genealogía de la parresía (explicitada como “El coraje de la verdad” o veridicciόn), que recoge las conclusiones más relevantes de cuatro años de indagación. Finalmente, resalto la retrospectiva y la prospectiva de la parresía foucaultiana como un arte integral de vivir a partir del cuidado de sí, desarrollado por sus autores más estudiosos y otras corrientes contemporáneas afines a este tópico. Todo converge en la “heterotopía” como ese tetraédrico otro modo crítico y específico o línea de fuga: ser, (im)pensar, decir y vivir, que culmina con una relectura desde el ámbito latinoamericano como una propuesta pertinente altermundialista focalizada en una “cuidadanía” —más que ciudadanía— ética en todos los ámbitos humanos, sobre todo el que más nos compete: el educativo.
La virgen de los sicarios: conciencia colectiva y sujeto no consciente
Authors: Sánchez Riaño Vladimir , Tonkinson Lucero
Published: May 2021

Desde una perspectiva sociocrítica, este artículo aborda la relación entre literatura, historia y sociedad con el interés de realizar un acercamiento al fenómeno del sicariato en Colombia a partir de la novela La virgen de los sicarios de Fernando Vallejo. Para ello, se realizan tres grandes acápites. Primero, una perspectiva general del fenómeno conocido como “La violencia” en Colombia; segundo, una explicación breve del concepto de sociocrítica como método de estudio; y, tercero, un análisis de la novela.
Emocijų atpažinimas taikant dirbtinius neuroninius tinklus
Authors: Belova Alina
Published: May 2021

Šiame straipsnyje pristatoma dirbtinių neuroninių tinklų, skirtų emocijų atpažinimui dialogų tekste, apžvalga ir lyginamoji analizė. Dialogų tekstas analizuojamas taikant įprastinius rekurentinius neuroninius tinklus, tačiau didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas DialogueGCN taikymui. DialogueGCN pagalba modeliuojamas pokalbio emocinis kontekstas, turintis įtakos emocijų klasifikavimui. Straipsnyje pateikiami dviejų duomenų aibių (IEMOCAP, MELD) emocijų atpažinimo rezultatai, kurie tik dalinai patvirtina DialogueGCN taikymo pranašumus. Išdėstomi galimi rezultatų paaiškinimai bei tolimesnių darbų alternatyvos.
YouTube vaizdo įrašų populiarumo vertinimas naudojant viešai prieinamus metaduomenis
Authors: Ruminavičiūtė Gabrielė
Published: May 2021

YouTube vaizdo įrašų duomenų augimo tempai kelia daug problemų sprendžiant vaizdo įrašų populiarumo vertinimo ir klasifikavimo uždavinius. Vis dar nėra nusistovėjusios metodologijos, kokiais kriterijais remiantis, turi būti apibrėžiamas įrašų populiarumas. Šiame darbe analizuojami YouTube duomenų programos programavimo sąsajos pagalba surinkti vaizdo įrašų metaduomenys ir išvestiniai jų parametrai. Įvertinus reikšmingus vidurkių skirtumus tarp populiarumo grupių statistiniais testais, atliktas vaizdo įrašų populiarumo grupių klasifikavimas naudojant tris mašininio mokymosi metodus: atraminių vektorių, atsitiktinio miško ir daugialypės logistinės regresijos klasifikatorius. Atlikta algoritmų lyginamoji analizė bei atrinkti populiarumo lygį tiksliausiai klasifikuojantys požymių rinkiniai.
Investigation of text data augmentation for transformer training via translation technique
Authors: Šeputis Dominykas
Published: May 2021

Data augmentation can improve model’s final accuracy by introducing new data samples to the dataset. In this paper, text data augmentation using translation technique is investigated. Synthetic translations, generated by Opus-MT model are compared to the unique foreign data samples in terms of an impact to the trans- former network-based models’ performance. The experimental results showed that multilingual models like DistilBERT in some cases benefit from the introduction of the addition artificially created data samples presented in a foreign language.
Šnekamosios kalbos identifikavimas
Authors: Brazauskas Deividas
Published: May 2021

Šiame straipsnyje gilinamasi į skirtingų autorių naudojamus šnekamosios kalbos identifikavimo metodus ir pasiektus rezultatus. Tiriamos jau egzistuojančios atviro kodo sistemos. Bandoma jas optimizuoti, apjungti naudojant bendrą duomenų rinkinį, atlikti kryžminį sistemų patikrinimą ir apjungti gautus rezultatus naudojant meta-klasifikatorių [1]. Taip pat, didesniam klasifikavimo tikslumui išgauti yra panaudojamas šnekos atpažinimo servisas, gauti rezultatai yra sujungiami su atviro kodo sistemų rezultatais naudojant meta-klasifikatorių. Tyrime yra atlikti 4 eksperimentai, kurių pagalba buvo pasiektas statistiškai reikšmingas klasifikavimo tikslumo pagerinimas.
Subjekto 2FA skaitmeninio autentifikavimo prie kritinės infrastruktūros informacinės sistemos struktūrizuotas vertinimas
Authors: Jurgilas Konstantinas
Published: May 2021

Ypatingos svarbos (kitaip – kritinės) infrastruktūros informacinės sistemos apima svarbiausias visuomenės funkcionavimo sritis, reikalingas įvairių paslaugų teikimui. Šioms sistemoms egzistuoja vis didesnė grėsmė tapti skaitmeninių nusikaltimų ir atakų taikiniu, kadangi jos yra kertinės tiek valstybės, tiek visuomenės atžvilgiu. Viena iš svarbiausių priežasčių, sukeliančių grėsmę šių sistemų saugumui, yra silpna nuotolinės prieigos kontrolė – sistemos naudotojo tapatybės valdymas. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiamas pasiūlytas dviejų faktorių (2FA) skaitmeninio autentifikavimo metodas nuotolinei prieigai prie kritinės infrastruktūros informacinės sistemos ir jo struktūrizuotas kokybinių charakteristikų tyrimas bei vertinimas. Tyrimas buvo atliktas dviem etapais: 1) tiriamos metodo charakteristikos panaudojamumo, dislokavimo ir saugumo kategorijose; 2) atliekama lyginamoji tyrimo rezultatų analizė su kitų mokslininkų siūlomais metodais, šiam tikslui panaudojant skaitinį kokybinių charakteristikų vertinimo metodą. Tyrimo rezultatų pagrindu buvo nustatyta, kad siūlomas autentifikavimo metodas yra kokybiškesnis vertintų kategorijų visumos atžvilgiu.
PROSPECTS FOR OIL AND GAS PRESENCE IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF THE INNER FLYSCH COVERS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS
Authors: PAVLYUK Myroslav , SHLAPINSKY Volodymyr , SAVCHAK Olesya , TERNAVSKY Myroslav , HUZARSKA Lyubov , TRISKA Nazar , OHRENDA Nataliia
Published: May 2021

We have studied the Cretaceous and Paleogene flysch of the Duklya-Chornohora, Burkut, Rakhiv, Marmarosh and Pieniny covers that in the south-eastern sector of the Ukrainian Carpathians near the Romanian border (Hutsulian segment) distinguish themselves by very inclined overthrust. Spatially the given tectonic units are in so-called hydrothermal fluid, unfavourable on the whole as to the presence of hydrocarbons in it on a large scale. But, within its limits the plots, small in area, with hydrocarbon prevalence in the gas composition are distinguished. Prospects for gas presence in the region should be connected with those of them that spatially are drown to the Transcarpathian trough. One such section is the Velikobychkovk sector of the Monastyretsky sub-cover, where it is proposed to lay a parametric well 1-Velikiy Bychkov, in order to reveal the possible para-autochthon of the Vezhany sub-cover and the Paleogene of the Dilovetsky sub-cover. In addition, according to seismic data, a significant rise in the pre-flysch base is forecast in this section of the Carpathians under the Marmarosh cover. The roof of this foundation at the location of the recommended well 1-Velikiy Bychkov may be at a depth of 5000–5500 m. It may be represented by the youngest deposits of the pre-Alpine complex – the Triassic strata, industrially oil and gas saturated in the neighboring countries.
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Impact of Inflammation and Antirheumatic Treatment
Authors: Kerola Anne Mirjam , Rollefstad Silvia , Semb Anne Grete
Published: May 2021

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at approximately 1.5-fold risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population, a phenomenon resulting from combined effects of traditional CVD risk factors and systemic inflammation. Rheumatoid synovitis and unstable atherosclerotic plaques share common inflammatory mechanisms, such as expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6. RA patients are undertreated in terms of CVD prevention, and structured CVD prevention programmes are warranted. Alongside management of traditional risk factors, suppressing systemic inflammation with antirheumatic medication is fundamental for the reduction of CVD risk among this high-risk patient group. Many antirheumatic drugs, especially methotrexate, TNF-α-inhibitors and IL-6-inhibitors are associated with reduced risk of CVD in observational studies among RA patients, but randomised controlled trials with hard CVD endpoints are lacking. In patients without rheumatic disease, anti-inflammatory therapies targeting nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome and the IL-1/IL-6 pathway arise as potential therapies after an atherosclerotic CVD event.
Social communication disorder and behavioural addiction: Case report and clinical implications
Authors: Hurel Elodie , Challet-Bouju Gaëlle , Chirio-Espitalier Marion , Vincent Malory , Grall-Bronnec Marie
Published: May 2021

Background

Social communication disorder (SCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes communication difficulties. Literature linking SCD and addictions is scarce, and there are only a few case reports regarding the co-occurrence of addiction and autism disorder spectrum, and only one of them addressed behavioural addictions.

Case presentation

We report MC’s case, who displayed an SCD and sexual addiction (SA). Clinical and neuropsychological evaluations suggested an alteration of social cognition, especially of affective theory of mind. This article also presents the adaptation made of the usual treatment.

Discussion

This case report illustrates the importance of social cognition abilities in the development and maintenance of behavioural addictions, and specifically SA. It also highlights the possible comorbidity of these two disorders and the possibility to work on social cognition as an alternate therapy in the treatment of behavioural addictions.

Conclusions

The co-occurrence of SCD and a behavioural addiction triggered clinical adaptations and implications that may affect a patient’s treatment presenting one of these disorders.
Sedimentology and depositional system of a transitional shallow marine – coastal complex, Lower Visean deposits in the Central Volga-Ural Petroleum Province, Orenburg
Authors: Sebők Szilvia Szilágyi , Csató István , Nemes István
Published: May 2021

The paper presents a study of a Lower Carboniferous (Visean) clastic sequence commonly called Bobrikovsky Formation, deposited in the Volga-Ural Petroleum Province, Orenburg Region. Our investigation included sedimentological description of core samples from hydrocarbon wells and well log correlations. Facies were identified by well log patterns and calibrated by core sedimentology. The Bobrikovsky Formation is proposed to be interpreted as an overall transgressive-regressive succession in a nearshore-tidal environment. Transgressive lagoon-estuary and barrier island facies became regressional lagoon fill-type settings.