bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Use of α‐Azidochalcones in Heterocycle Synthesis
Authors: Devi Newar Uma , Jyoti Boruah Dhruba , Awatar Maurya Ram
Published: April 2024

α‐Azidochalcones have emerged as remarkably versatile precursors within organic azides, showcasing a broad spectrum of reactivity as a cornerstone for synthesizing diverse molecular scaffolds. The ongoing progress in this field has opened new opportunities for constructing complex organic molecules through diverse chemical transformations due to the versatile reactivity of α‐azidochalcones for further functionalization. The comprehensive review presented herein provides a concise yet detailed examination of the synthesis, reactivity, and potential applications of α‐azidochalcones. Focusing on both thermal and photochemical pathways, this review highlights the versatility of α‐azidochalcones as pivotal precursors in the synthesis of various heterocyclic frameworks.
Synthesis of Bridged Bicyclic Systems peri‐Annulated to the Indole Ring: Tropane‐Fused Indoles
Authors: Antropov Sergey M. , Tokmacheva Sofiya A. , Levina Irina I. , Ivanova Olga A. , Trushkov Igor V.
Published: April 2024

Ytterbium triflate catalysed domino reaction of (3‐formyl‐4‐indolyl)‐derived donor‐acceptor cyclopropane with primary amines provides a simple approach to an unprecedented tetracyclic skeleton in which tropane system is peri‐annulated with an indole core. This process involves the formation of an imine and its (3+2)‐cross‐cycloaddition with donor‐acceptor cyclopropane moiety, yielding tropane‐fused indole core under mild reaction conditions. These products are of significant interest for pharmacology as potential hybrid molecules with a dual mode of action.
Electrode, Electrolyte, and Membrane Materials for Electrochemical CO2 Capture
Authors: Sun Kaige , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Zhang Hongxia , Zeng Xiangkang , Wang Zhuyuan , Xu Zhen , Rufford Thomas E. , Zhang Xiwang
Published: April 2024

One of the many possible ways to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) is through electrochemical means. This is an emerging approach with various merits. It is energy efficient, utilizes renewable energy, operates under ambient conditions, provides ease for control of reaction rates, and is scalable. Additionally, it can be integrated as a plug‐and‐play module at various scales, including large industrial sources or at small scale, e.g., on vehicles, and can easily combine CO2 capture, storage, and utilization into value‐added chemicals. Various “proof‐of‐concept” electrochemical CO2 capture approaches have been demonstrated in the recent past. These are made possible with electro‐active materials that capture, separate, and concentrate CO2 in the form of electrodes, electrolytes, and membranes in devices. Herein, these materials and their working mechanisms are identified and reviewed in various electrochemical CO2 capture devices where they are utilized. Also, the current challenges and future research directions with the identified electrodes, electrolytes, and membranes are summarized to give a rational understanding and guidance for selecting and designing materials for use in electrochemical CO2 capture devices.
Significance of blood culture testing after pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Aritake Tsukasa , Natsume Seiji , Asano Tomonari , Okuno Masataka , Itoh Naoya , Matsuo Keitaro , Ito Seiji , Komori Koji , Abe Tetsuya , Shimizu Yasuhiro
Published: April 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of blood culture testing in the postoperative period of pancreatoduodectomy (PD), a highly invasive surgery.

Methods

Rates of blood culture sampling and positivity were investigated for febrile episodes (FEs) in patients who underwent PD (2016–2021). FEs were defined as body temperature of 38.0°C or higher occurring on or after the 4th postoperative day. Fever origin was diagnosed retrospectively, and FEs were classified as pancreatic fistula (PF)‐related or PF‐unrelated FEs. Factors correlated with blood culture positivity were explored.

Results

Among 339 patients who underwent PD, 99 experienced 202 FEs. Blood culture testing was performed on 160 FEs occurring in 89 patients. The sampling and positivity rates were 79.2% and 17.5%, respectively, per episode and 89.9% and 28.1%, respectively, per patient. Thirty‐six FEs were classified as PF‐related and 124 were classified as PF‐unrelated FEs. The blood culture positivity rate was significantly lower in PF‐related vs. PF‐unrelated FEs (1/36 vs. 27/124, respectively, p = 0.006). The blood culture positivity rate was significantly higher in patients with cholangitis, catheter‐related blood stream infection, and urinary tract infection than PF‐related FEs. Multivariate analysis showed that blood culture positivity was negatively associated with PF‐related FEs and positively associated with accompanying symptoms of shivering, Pitt Bacteremia Score, and preoperative biliary drainage.

Conclusions

Patients who underwent PD showed relatively high blood culture positivity rates. Based on these results, it may be possible to distinguish PF‐related and ‐unrelated FEs.
Design and operation of modular biorefinery supply chain under uncertainty using generalized Benders decomposition
Authors: Luo Yuqing , Ierapetritou Marianthi
Published: April 2024

Biomass supply chain performance is heavily affected by uncertainties stemming from supply, demand, or unexpected disruptions. Unlike petrochemical plants that use crude oil, biorefineries often have to deal with the uneven spatial‐temporal distribution of feedstock supply. The modular production strategy provides more flexibility in chemical manufacturing by allowing fast capacity expansion and unit movement. However, modeling and optimizing modular biomass supply chain under uncertainties becomes challenging due to high dimensionality and the existence of discrete decisions. This work optimizes the multiperiod biomass supply chain using the rolling horizon planning and two‐stage stochastic programming framework. We then applied generalized Benders decomposition to reduce the computational complexity of the stochastic mixed integer nonlinear programming supply chain optimization. Furthermore, the solution of the stochastic programming could be used to quantitatively describe the life‐cycle assessment uncertainties of the biomass supply chain performance, demonstrating seasonality and random variability.
Leveraging DNA methylation to predict treatment response in major depressive disorder: A critical review
Authors: Dahrendorff Jan , Currier Glenn , Uddin Monica
Published: April 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating and prevalent mental disorder with a high disease burden. Despite a wide array of different treatment options, many patients do not respond to initial treatment attempts. Selection of the most appropriate treatment remains a significant clinical challenge in psychiatry, highlighting the need for the development of biomarkers with predictive utility. Recently, the epigenetic modification DNA methylation (DNAm) has emerged to be of great interest as a potential predictor of MDD treatment outcomes. Here, we review efforts to date that seek to identify DNAm signatures associated with treatment response in individuals with MDD. Searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with the concepts and keywords MDD, DNAm, antidepressants, psychotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and brain stimulation therapies. We identified 32 studies implicating DNAm patterns associated with MDD treatment outcomes. The majority of studies (N = 25) are focused on selected target genes exploring treatment outcomes in pharmacological treatments (N = 22) with a few studies assessing treatment response to electroconvulsive therapy (N = 3). Additionally, there are few genome‐scale efforts (N = 7) to characterize DNAm patterns associated with treatment outcomes. There is a relative dearth of studies investigating DNAm patterns in relation to psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, or transcranial magnetic stimulation; importantly, most existing studies have limited sample sizes. Given the heterogeneity in both methods and results of studies to date, there is a need for additional studies before existing findings can inform clinical decisions.
One‐Step and Mild Synthesis of 3‐(1,3,4‐Oxadiazol‐2‐Yl)isoindolin‐1‐Ones Through Ugi Four‐Component Domino Dicyclization
Authors: Sun Mei , Zeng Chong‐Yang , Zhang En‐Shen , Zhang Qiang , Chen Kai , Xu Yu‐Gu , Fan Mei‐Xia , He Meng‐Ru , Shi Jing‐Hui , Ding Ming‐Wu
Published: April 2024

A novel and efficient Ugi four‐component domino dicyclization strategy has been developed for one‐step constructing diverse 3‐(1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)isoindolin‐1‐ones with good yields, without the need for additional additives. This domino dicyclization process underwent three consecutive reactions including Ugi, aza‐Wittig and N‐acylation by utilizing (N‐isocyanimine)triphenylphosphorane, methyl 2‐formylbenzoate, primary amines, and carboxylic acids. The initial biological activity testing revealed that compound 5 i exhibited good antifungal activity against certain fungi and demonstrated versatile applications in the fields of pesticide chemistry.
Tuning CpG motif position in nanostructured DNA for efficient immune stimulation
Authors: Tan Mengmeng , Makiguchi Natsuki , Kusamori Kosuke , Itakura Shoko , Takahashi Yuki , Takakura Yoshinobu , Nishikawa Makiya
Published: April 2024

It was previously demonstrated that polypod‐like nanostructured DNA (polypodna) comprising three or more oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were useful for the delivery of ODNs containing cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) motifs, or CpG ODNs, to immune cells. Although the immunostimulatory activity of single‐stranded CpG ODNs is highly dependent on CpG motif sequence and position, little is known about how the position of the motif affects the immunostimulatory activity of CpG motif‐containing nanostructured DNAs. In the present study, four series of polypodna were designed, each comprising a CpG ODN with one potent CpG motif at varying positions and 2–5 CpG‐free ODNs, and investigated their immunostimulatory activity using Toll‐like receptor‐9 (TLR9)‐positive murine macrophage‐like RAW264.7 cells. Polypodnas with the CpG motif in the 5′‐overhang induced more tumor necrosis factor‐α release than those with the motif in the double‐stranded region, even though their cellular uptake were similar. Importantly, the rank order of the immunostimulatory activity of single‐stranded CpG ODNs changed after their incorporation into polypodna. These results indicate that the CpG ODN sequence as well as the motif location in nanostructured DNAs should be considered for designing the CpG motif‐containing nanostructured DNAs for immune stimulation.
Research advances and trends in anatomy from 2013 to 2023: A visual analysis based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer
Authors: Du Yikuan , Cai Xiaolin , Zheng Ye , Long Aoxue , Zhang Mengting , Chen Mianhai , Zhang Weichui , Zhu Jinfeng , Guo Jinhua , Yang Chun
Published: April 2024

As the cornerstone of medicine, the development of anatomy is related to many disciplines and fields and has received extensive attention from researchers. How to integrate and grasp the cutting‐edge information in this field quickly is a challenge for researchers, so the aim of this study is to analyze research in anatomy using CiteSpace and VOSviewer in order to identify research hotspots and future directions. To offer a fresh viewpoint for assessing the academic influences of researchers, nations, or institutions on anatomy, and to examine the development of hotspots in anatomical study and to forecast future trends. A total of 4637 anatomy‐related publications from 2013 to 2023 were collected from Web of Science Core Collection databases. Their temporal distribution, spatial distribution, cited authors, co‐cited journals, keywords, and disciplinary connections in the literature were analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, and a knowledge graph was constructed. The temporal distribution shows a general fluctuation in the amount of literature published from 2013 to 2023. In spatial distribution, the total number of published articles was highest in the United States, the United Kingdom, and China, the United States leading. Tubbs, Rhoton, Iwanaga, and LaPrade are important authors in anatomy. Clinical Anatomy, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, and Journal of Anatomy were the most highly cited journals. Analysis of keywords and citation emergence showed that the research hotspots and trends in anatomy focused mainly on anatomy education, digital technology, and surgical management. At the same time, anatomy showed a trend toward multidisciplinary crossover, developing closer relationships with molecular biology, immunology, and clinical medicine. Current research in anatomy focuses on innovative reform of the educational model and the application and promotion of digital technology. Also, multidisciplinary cross‐fertilization is an inevitable trend for the future development of anatomy.
Effectiveness and infectious complications of BCMA T‐cell engagers in treating multiple myeloma: Real‐world evidence from Sweden
Authors: Uttervall Katarina , Tätting Love , Lemonakis Konstantinos , Majd Mousa , Crafoord Jacob , Olsson Mikael , Mellqvist Ulf‐Henrik , Hansson Markus , Nahi Hareth
Published: April 2024

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable disease characterized by frequent relapses and a need for multiple treatments, often progresses to a relapse/refractory status resistant to all available drugs and drug classes. Bispecific antibodies, specifically BCMA T‐cell engagers, have emerged as effective treatments for MM, demonstrating impressive efficacy. However, these treatments can adversely affect the immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections.

Methods/Results

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of BCMA T‐cell engagers in 58 Swedish patients with poor MM prognosis. The patients exhibited a 69% overall response rate, with 69% survival and 60% progression‐free survival at 15 months.

Conclusions

Despite the risk of infectious complications, the prognosis of MM patients can be significantly improved with vigilant monitoring and proactive management of infections. This real‐world data highlight the potential of BCMA T‐cell engagers in treating MM, emphasizing the need for careful patient monitoring to mitigate infection risks.
Effects of resistance training on sleep quality and disorders among individuals diagnosed with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Maric Dora , Ficarra Salvatore , Di Bartolo Luca , Rossi Carlo , Asimakopoulou Zoi , Vantarakis Apostolos , Carbonell‐Baeza Ana , Jiménez‐Pavón David , Gomes Beatriz , Tavares Paula , Baxter Rebecca , Pusa Susanna , Thaller Petra , Papakonstantinou Sofia , Kirkar Musa , Glorioso Francesca , Galioto Marina , Gentile Ambra , Thomas Ewan , Bianco Antonino
Published: April 2024

Background

Sleep disorders are often complained by cancer patients and can last years after the end of therapies, leading to different negative consequences. Non‐pharmacological strategies such as exercise interventions may be considered to counteract this phenomenon. The literature supports the beneficial effects of aerobic training (AT), while evidence on resistance training (RT) is scarce. Accordingly, our systematic review aims to investigate the potential novel effect of RT on sleep outcomes in cancer survivors.

Methods

The literature search was conducted on MEDLINE (Pubmed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, including only randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The screening procedure was conducted using the web‐based software COVIDENCE. Sleep outcomes assessed through self‐reported questionnaires or objective sleep measurements were extracted from RCTs recruiting cancer survivors of any age and gender, on or off treatment. The risk of bias (RoB) for each study was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool for RCTs. Meta‐analytic syntheses were performed on sleep quality and insomnia.

Results

A total of 21 studies were included in the review. Considering the mean percentage differences of all studies combined, promising positive results were found after combined aerobic and resistance exercise program (COMB) for sleep quality (−19%) and sleep disturbance (−17.3%). The meta‐analysis results showed significant improvement for both sleep quality and insomnia (d = 0.28, SE: 0.11, Z = 2.51, p < 0.01, 95% CI: 0.07–0.49 and d = 0.43, SE: 0.20, Z = 2.18, p = 0.029, 95% CI: 0.07–0.49, respectively).

Conclusion

RT interventions of 60 minutes per session, performed 2–3 times a week for 12 weeks, with exercise intensity ranging from 60% to 80% of one‐repetition maximum can be administered to cancer survivors, aiming to improve sleep outcomes.
Cu, Fe, N‐doped Carbon Nanotubes Prepared through Silica Coating for Selective Oxygen Reduction to Water in Acidic Media
Authors: Kato Masaru , Abe Daiki , Xie Siqi , Sato Shun , Fujibayashi Natsuki , Matsumoto Koki , Onoda Akira , Hayashi Takashi , Mitsui Takaya , Fujiwara Kosuke , Yamamoto Takashi , Einaga Yasuaki , Tadgell Colin A. , Kato Yuta , Asakura Kiyotaka , Yagi Ichizo
Published: April 2024

We report Cu, Fe, N‐doped carbon nanotubes, (Cu,Fe)−N−CNT, as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media. (Cu,Fe)−N−CNT was prepared using a silica coating method in pyrolysis to minimize the formation of carbon‐coated metal oxide or carbide nanoparticles, which are known to be inactive for the H2O2 reduction. (Cu,Fe)−N−CNT shows a turnover frequency of 0.66 e− site−1 s−1 at +0.8 V vs. RHE and H2O2 yields of <1 % for the ORR with a utilization factor of active sites of 82 %. Kinetic analysis reveals that 4e− transfer rates for (Cu,Fe)−N−CNT are higher than those of a monometallic counterpart of Fe−N−CNT. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy enables us to determine redox potentials: E°’(FeIII/FeII)=0.65 V vs. RHE and E°’(CuII/CuI)=0.45 V for (Cu,Fe)−N−CNT, and E°’(FeIII/FeII)=0.65 V for Fe−N−CNT. These results indicate that bimetallic doping into carbon nanotubes gives the effect on kinetic parameters but not on thermodynamic ones. In other words, there is no direct electronic interactions between the Cu and Fe active sites for (Cu,Fe)‐N‐CNT because such interactions should modulate their redox potentials.
Dual Basicity and Nucleophilicity of Organosodium Reagents in Benzylic C−H Additions of Toluenes to Diarylethenes and Ketones
Authors: Anderson David E. , Truong Alex H. N. , Hevia Eva
Published: April 2024

Profiting from the dual high basicity and nucleophilicity of organosodium complexes, here we report the stepwise lateral metalation of a wide range of alkyl arenes (MeAr), mediated by hydrocarbon‐soluble NaCH2SiMe3 ⋅ PMDETA (PMDETA=N,N,N’,N’’,N’’‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), followed by nucleophilic addition to diarylethenes of the newly generated NaCH2Ar ⋅ PMDETA complexes. This method grants access to a range of functionalised hydrocarbons in excellent yields and can be upgraded to catalytic regimes when using trans‐stilbene, a 10 mol% of the alkyl sodium base and toluene as a solvent. Extending this approach to aromatic ketones leads to the formation of stilbenes under mild reaction conditions, resulting from the deprotonative coupling of toluenes with ketones. Combining spectroscopic studies with the trapping and characterisation of key reaction intermediates, mechanistic insights have been gained, advancing the understanding of coordination effects in organosodium chemistry, and shedding light on their special reactivity profiles.
Optical Upconversion in Mononuclear Lanthanide Co‐Crystal Assemblies
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Sun Guotao , Su Qichen , Xie Yao , Xing Feifei , Zhang Hongjie , Sun Lining
Published: April 2024

In this work, we developed two kinds of co‐crystal assemblies systems, consisting of discrete mononuclear Yb3+ and Er3+ and mononuclear Yb3+ and Pr3+, which can achieve Er3+ and Pr3+ upconversion luminescence, respectively, by Yb3+ sensitization under 980 nm excitation. The structure and composition of two co‐crystal assemblies were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. By investigation of the series of two assemblies, respectively, it is found that the strongest upconversion luminescence is both obtained when the molar ratio of Yb3+ and Ln3+ (Ln=Er or Pr) is 1 : 1. The energy transfer mechanism of Er3+ assemblies is determined as energy transfer upconversion, while that of Pr3+ assemblies is determined as energy transfer upconversion and cooperative sensitization upconversion. This is the first example of Pr3+ upconversion luminescence at the molecular dimension at room temperature, which enriches the research in the field of upconversion luminescence with lanthanide complexes.
An S‐Scheme AgIn5S8/Bi2MoO6 Heterojunction for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Hydrochloride Tetracycline
Authors: Yao Xiaoqian , Teng Feng , Yang Tao , Hu Peng
Published: April 2024

Over the past few decades, the overuse of antibiotics has raised concerns about drinking water and potential health risks, especially the hydrochloride tetracycline (TC‐HCl). Therefore, it is crucial to develop a simple, low‐cost and high‐efficiency photocatalyst for the degradation of the pollutant. A novel photocatalyst with an S‐scheme heterojunction structure of AgIn5S8 and Bi2MoO6 was synthesized by using a solvothermal method. The heterojunction photocatalyst obtained demonstrates superior photocatalytic degradation activity for hydrochloride tetracycline (TC‐HCl) under visible light irradiation. It exhibits higher photocatalytic degradation performance than pure AgIn5S8 and Bi2MoO6 under the same conditions. The heterojunction with 3 % AgIn5S8 exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 63.65 % within 40 minutes. Furthermore, the degradation rate is 6.21 times higher than that of AgIn5S8 and 2.18 times higher than that of Bi2MoO6. The improved photocatalytic activity is primarily attributed to the enhanced light absorption and the high rate of carrier separation resulting from S‐scheme heterojunctions.
The first evidence of alloparental feeding in a crevice‐nesting seabird, the little auk
Authors: Syposz Martyna , Devogel Marion , Grissot Antoine , Jakubas Dariusz , Wojczulanis‐Jakubas Katarzyna
Published: April 2024

An alloparent is an individual that cares for a young individual, but it is not its genetic parent. This behaviour is known in many species of animals, but some groups are still underreported. Here, we documented, in camera footage, the alloparental feeding of two chicks of the little auk, a crevice‐nesting seabird. This is the first evidence of this behaviour in the little auk despite similar monitoring undertaken between 2016 and 2022 and the second record for a crevice/burrow‐nesting seabird. We compared chicks that were fed by an alloparent to other chicks from the same year and explored reasons for the behaviour in the context of seabird breeding biology.
Alkyne Cyclotrimerisation, Acyclic Oligomerisation, and Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysed by a Titanium(IV) Phosphinoaryloxide Complex and its Redox Chemistry
Authors: Steiner Matthias R. , Jouikov Viatcheslav V. , Fischer Roland C. , Uher Johanna M. , y Medina Isabel‐Maria Ramirez , Hlina Johann A.
Published: April 2024

The reaction of sodium 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐(diphenylphos‐phino)phenolate (1, NaOArP) with TiIVCl4(THF)2 in a 2 : 1 molar ratio yielded TiIV(OArP)2Cl2 (2). The reduction of 2 with magnesium gave the dimeric titanium(III) compound [TiIII(OArP)2Cl]2 (3). In the presence of magnesium, compound 2 was found to catalyse the cyclotrimerization, acyclic oligomerisation, and hydrogenation of terminal alkynes. The complexes were characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, optical spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and NMR or EPR spectroscopy, respectively.
The blood serum metabolome profile after different phases of a 4‐km cycling time trial: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Azevedo Rafael A. , Cruz Ramon , Silva‐Cavalcante Marcos D. , Lima‐Silva Adriano E. , Bertuzzi Romulo
Published: April 2024

It has been assumed that exercise intensity variation throughout a cycling time trial (TT) occurs in alignment of various metabolic changes to prevent premature task failure. However, this assumption is based on target metabolite responses, which limits our understanding of the complex interconnection of metabolic responses during exercise. The current study characterized the metabolomic profile, an untargeted metabolic analysis, after specific phases of a cycling 4‐km TT. Eleven male cyclists performed three separated TTs in a crossover counterbalanced design, which were interrupted at the end of the fast‐start (FS, 600 ± 205 m), even‐pace (EP, 3600 ± 190 m), or end‐spurt (ES, 4000 m) phases. Blood samples were taken before any exercise and 5 min after exercise cessation, and the metabolomic profile characterization was performed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance metabolomics. Power output (PO) was also continually recorded. There were higher PO values during the FS and ES compared to the EP (all p < 0.05), which were accompanied by distinct metabolomic profiles. FS showed high metabolite expression in TCA cycle and its related pathways (e.g., glutamate, citric acid, and valine metabolism); whereas, the EP elicited changes associated with antioxidant effects and oxygen delivery adjustment. Finally, ES was related to pathways involved in NAD turnover and serotonin metabolism. These findings suggest that the specific phases of a cycling TT are accompanied by distinct metabolomic profiles, providing novel insights regarding the relevance of specific metabolic pathways on the process of exercise intensity regulation.
Development and validation of a new multiplex panel using SNaPshot‐based DIP‐TriSNP markers for forensic DNA mixtures
Authors: Fan Qingwei , Li Ling , Yang Huiling , Xu Dongdong , Wang Yun , Jin Bo , Du Bing
Published: April 2024

Short tandem repeat analysis is challenging when dealing with unbalanced mixtures in forensic cases due to the presence of stutter peaks and large amplicons. In this research, we propose a novel genetic marker called DIP‐TriSNP, which combines deletion/insertion polymorphism (DIP) with tri‐allelic single nucleotide polymorphism in less than 230 bp length of human genome. Based on multiplex PCR and SNaPShot, a panel, including 14 autosomal DIP‐TriSNPs and one Y chromosomal DIP‐SNP, had been developed and applied to genotyping 102 unrelated Han Chinese individuals in Sichuan of China and simulated a mixture study. The panel sensitivity can reach as low as 0.1 ng DNA template, and the minor contributor of DNA can be detected with the highest ratio of 19:1, as indicated by the obtained results. In the Sichuan Han population, the cumulative probability of informative genotypes reached 0.997092, with a combined power of discrimination of 0.999999998801. The panel was estimated to detect more than two alleles in at least one locus in 99.69% of mixtures of the Sichuan Han population. In conclusion, DIP‐TriSNPs have shown promising as an innovative DNA marker for identifying the minor contributor in unbalanced DNA mixtures, offering advantages such as short amplifications, increased polymorphism, and heightened sensitivity.
The pathway for achieving sustainable aviation fuel production in the Middle East and North Africa region
Authors: Abbas Ismail , Shaar Ali , El Osta Rola
Published: April 2024

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region faces significant challenges in the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) due to high costs, limited feedstock availability, and underdeveloped infrastructure. However, the region has diverse feedstock options and can leverage existing refining capabilities and advanced conversion technologies for SAF production. Addressing these challenges requires research and development (R&D) collaboration, supportive policies, and international knowledge exchange. To promote the production of SAF in the MENA region, a comprehensive strategy is required that includes collaboration, policy alignment, research and development, infrastructure development, and training. Market incentives such as regulations and financial support can help drive demand for SAF. Collaborating with international organizations can improve knowledge sharing and promote sustainable practices. Research and development collaboration is crucial for innovation and establishing a strong SAF industry. Policy harmonization can create a supportive framework for investment and innovation. Monitoring and reporting mechanisms can ensure transparency and verify sustainability. By addressing these aspects, the region can become a leading hub for SAF production and contribute to a sustainable aviation industry.
A Comparison of In Vitro Metabolic Clearance of Various Regulatory Fish Species Using Hepatic S9 Fractions
Authors: Zercher Megan , Coral Jason A. , Nabb Diane , Powers Griselda , Jones Alan , Johanning Karla
Published: April 2024

Bioaccumulation predictions can be substantially improved by combining in vitro metabolic rate measurements derived from rainbow trout hepatocytes and/or hepatic S9 fractions with quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling approaches. Compared with in vivo testing guidelines Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 305 and Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP; an office of the US Environmental Protection Agency) 850.1730, the recently adopted OECD test guidelines 319A and 319B are in vitro approaches that have the potential to provide a time- and cost-efficient, humane solution, reducing animal use while addressing uncertainties in bioaccumulation across species. The present study compares the hepatic clearance of the S9 subcellular fraction of rainbow trout, bluegill, common carp, fathead minnow, and largemouth bass, discerning potential differences in metabolism between different warm- and cold-water species. With refinements to the in vitro metabolic S9 assay for high-throughput analysis, we measured in vitro clearance rates of seven chemicals crossing multiple classes of chemistry and modes of action. We confirmed that data from rainbow trout liver S9 fraction metabolic rates can be utilized to predict rainbow trout bioconcentration factors using an in vitro to in vivo extrapolation model, as intended in the OECD 319B applicability domain per the bioaccumulation prediction. Also, we determined that OECD 319B can be applied to other species, modified according to their habitat, adaptations to feeding behavior, and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature). Once toxicokinetics for each species is better understood and appropriate models are developed, this method can be an excellent tool to determine hepatic clearance and potential bioaccumulation across species. The present study could be leveraged prior to or in place of initiating in vivo bioconcentration studies, thus optimizing selection of appropriate fish species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1390–1405. © 2024 SETAC

Flowchart of methods employed for in vitro metabolism assessment in multiple fish species of regulatory relevance. NADPH = reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; GSH = glutathione; UDPGA = uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid; PAPS = 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate; std = standard; OECD TG = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline.
Acute Toxicity Testing of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) with the Tire Rubber–Derived Chemical 6PPD-Quinone
Authors: Foldvik Anders , Kryuchkov Fedor , Ulvan Eva Marita , Sandodden Roar , Kvingedal Eli
Published: April 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone) is a widespread contaminant of emerging concern resulting from oxidation of 6PPD, which is an antidegradant substance added to tires. The recent identification of 6PPD-quinone as the cause of acute mortality in coho salmon has quickly motivated studies on 6PPD-quinone toxicity to other species. Subsequent findings have shown that 6PPD-quinone toxicity is highly species specific. Closely related species can differ widely in response to 6PPD-quinone from extremely sensitive to tolerant. Hence toxicity testing is currently the only way to establish whether a species exhibits 6PPD-quinone toxicity. We investigated the acute toxicity of 6PPD-quinone in pink salmon alevins (sac fry). This species has is the only Pacific salmon that so far has not been tested for 6PPD-quinone sensitivity. Fish were exposed in static water in eight treatments with initial concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 12.8 μg/L. Fish were observed for 48 h, and changes in concentrations of 6PPD-quinone were monitored throughout the experiment. No mortalities or substantial changes in behavior were recorded. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1332–1338. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Effect of the catabolic control protein A of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR113 on its colonization invivo
Authors: Qin Wenfei , Zeng Yue , Hung Weilian , Sun Jiaqi , Xia Yongjun , Xiong Zhiqiang , Song Xin , Ai Lianzhong , Wang Guangqiang
Published: April 2024

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is selective for carbohydrate utilization, which is primarily regulated by the catabolic control protein A (ccpA). To investigate the impact of carbohydrate metabolism on the in vivo colonization of L. plantarum AR113, we constructed a ccpA knockout strain (AR113ΔccpA). In vitro assays showed that AR113ΔccpA had a 0.34 decrease in maximum biomass, and a 2.63 h increase in hysteresis time compared to AR113. In a single administration, there was no significant difference in the number of AR113 and AR113ΔccpA in the mucus layers, and the number of AR113 was approximately 34‐times higher than AR113ΔccpA at 48 h in the intestinal lumen. Notably, the knockout of the ccpA gene did not affect the colonization time of AR113 in the intestine during continuous administration. Therefore, the present work demonstrated that the ccpA did not play a crucial role in the in vivo colonization time of AR113 and provided valuable insights into the role of carbohydrate metabolism in bacterial colonization time in vivo.
How to Improve Sustainability in Fused Filament Fabrication (3D Printing) Research?
Authors: Kalinke Cristiane , Crapnell Robert D. , de Oliveira Paulo R. , Janegitz Bruno C. , Bonacin Juliano A. , Banks Craig E.
Published: April 2024

This review aims to provide an overview of sustainable approaches that can be incorporated into well‐known procedures for the development of materials, pre‐ and post‐treatments, modifications, and applications of 3D‐printed objects, especially for fused filament fabrication (FFF). Different examples of conductive and non‐conductive bespoke filaments using renewable biopolymers, bioplasticizers, and recycled materials are presented and discussed. The main final characteristics of the polymeric materials achieved according to the feedstock, preparation, extrusion, and treatments are also covered. In addition to recycling and remanufacturing, this review also explores other alternative approaches that can be adopted to enhance the sustainability of methods, aiming to produce efficient and environmentally friendly 3D printed products. Adjusting printing parameters and miniaturizing systems are also highlighted in this regard. All these recommended strategies are employed to minimize environmental damage, while also enabling the production of high‐quality, economical materials and 3D printed systems. These efforts align with the principles of Green Chemistry, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), and Circular Economy concepts.
Differential deformation mechanism of E–W‐trending Weiningbeishan fold‐thrust belt from central Ningxia, NW China
Authors: Zhou Pengchao , Chen Xuanhua , Shao Zhaogang , Zhang Yiping , Liu Kui , Xu Shenglin , Li Bing , Xu Daxing , Wang Ye
Published: April 2024

The Weiningbeishan fold‐thrust belt (WFTB), located in the transitional zone of the Tibetan Plateau, Alxa Block and Ordos Basin, is an ancient intracontinental orogenic belt. In this article, structural analysis is conducted to more finely reveal differential deformation between the Devonian and Carboniferous strata in the WFTB. We found that the E–W‐trending open folds are mainly developed in the Upper Devonian Zhongning Formation (D3z), while the E–W‐trending close and tight folds are mainly developed in the Carboniferous strata. The N–S minimum shortening strain of the bottom boundary of Member 2 of the Upper Devonian Zhongning Formation (D3z2) is 21.1%, whereas the N–S minimum shortening strain of the bottom boundary of Member 2 of the Upper Carboniferous Danliangshan Formation (C2d2) is 64.1%. We propose that the E–W‐trending open folds in the Upper Devonian Zhongning Formation (D3z) and E–W‐trending close and tight folds in the Carboniferous strata were formed under the N–S compression during the Middle–Late Triassic. The Zhangyigou and Laoyagou faults are the main tear faults to accommodate differential displacement on the surface between the Upper Devonian Zhongning Formation (D3z) in the east and Carboniferous strata in the middle, which change into a décollement fault in the deep part of the Dafosigou fold area in the middle to accommodate differential deformation between the deep Upper Devonian Zhongning Formation (D3z) and Carboniferous strata. This study enables us to better understand the Mesozoic intracontinental deformation in response to far‐field plate‐boundary convergence in NW China.
Exploring the burden of postpartum depression in urban Bangladesh: Prevalence and its associations with pregnancy‐related factors from a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Al‐Mamun Firoj , Sultana Most Sabiha , Momo Marufa Akter , Malakar Jyotie , Bahar Saad Bin , Uddin Imtiaz , Murshida Murshida , Akter Mst. Morsheda , Begum Mst. Mohsina , Nodi Tasmin Sayeed , Al Habib Abdullah , Kaggwa Mark M. , Roy Nitai , Mamun Mohammed A.
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a globally recognized public health concern, yet research focusing on women in urban areas of Bangladesh remains unexplored. This study aimed to address this research gap by investigating the prevalence and associated factors of PPD within the first 2 years after childbirth.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted, enrolling 259 women (26.66 ± 4.57 years) residing in urban areas who were attending healthcare delivery centers. Sociodemographic factors, child‐related issues, pregnancy‐related complications, and PPD using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used for data collection. Data analysis involved the application of χ2 tests and logistic regression analysis using SPSS software.

Results

This study found a 60.6% prevalence of PPD using a cutoff of 10 (out of 30) on the EPDS scale. Logistic regression analysis identified several significant factors associated with PPD, including high monthly family income (odds ratio [OR] = 47.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.34–270.54, p < 0.001), income dissatisfaction (OR = 14.28, 95% CI: 4.75–42.87, p < 0.001), up to two gravidities (OR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.25–6.90, p = 0.013), pregnancy‐related complications (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.05–6.96, p = 0.039), increased antenatal care visits, and higher childbirth expenses.

Conclusion

This study underscores the high prevalence of PPD among urban mothers in Bangladesh. The identified risk factors emphasize the need for targeted mental health initiatives, specifically tailored to support the vulnerable group. Implementing such initiatives can effectively address the challenges posed by PPD and enhance the well‐being of postpartum women in urban areas.
Spatiotemporal variability of streamflow in the Pearl River Basin: Controls of land surface processes and atmospheric impacts
Authors: Zhang Ying , Gan Jianping , Yang Qichun
Published: April 2024

To advance understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of the streamflow in the Pearl River Basin (PRB), we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model to simulate the water fluxes from 2010 to 2020 and to identify the underlying controlling mechanisms. The streamflow in the PRB is highly variable and controlled by complex land surface processes and atmospheric impacts over the heterogeneous terrain. Two key factors primarily govern the streamflow: (1) the location of the active precipitation zone, which is determined by the interaction between the monsoon path and uplifting effect of the terrain, and (2) the redistributions resulting from land use and soil characteristics. We observe distinct patterns in the different water fluxes across the different regions. Specifically, surface flow exhibits the highest activity within the precipitation zone. Lateral flow and actual evapotranspiration (AET) have the greatest intensity in the forests and in agricultural regions, respectively, and the aquifer flow is more active in areas with coarse soil textures. The land surface processes of the AET and aquifer retention significantly govern the temporal variability of the streamflow, contributing to the precipitation and streamflow being out of phase in the PRB. Based on the underlying mechanisms driving streamflow variability, we classify the PRB into three substreams: a drought‐prone upstream, a hydrologically active midstream, and a typhoon‐affected downstream, and each substream exhibits distinct spatiotemporal characteristics of streamflow. We find that the time series and probability distributions of the streamflow at different tributaries within each substream are similar. Each probability distribution is multimodal and can be decomposed into three unimodal distributions representing dry, transitional, and wet conditions. Specifically, the PRB features a large and steep dry mode, a flat transitional mode, and a short wet mode.
Conspiring under threats! An investigation of associations between COVID‐19 health and economic threats and conspiracy beliefs in Italy and Argentina
Authors: Pica Gennaro , Jaume Luis Carlos , Rullo Marika , Molinario Erica , Lo Destro Calogero , Visintin Emilio Paolo
Published: April 2024

Theory and research suggest that threats aroused by a given crisis lead to conspiracy beliefs. Although crises involve the arise of multiple threats (e.g., economic, safety, etc.) diversely affecting various needs and outcomes (i.e., cognition, emotion and behaviour), no research has yet focused on specific relations that different threats may have with the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs. In this study, we distinguished between health and economic threats aroused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, and we tested their associations with conspiracy beliefs. Findings from two correlational studies conducted in Italy and Argentina showed that while COVID‐19's economic threat was positively and consistently related to conspiracy beliefs, the relationship between COVID‐19's health threat and conspiracy beliefs was negative and significant in the Italian sample and non‐significant in the Argentinian sample. Results are discussed within the context of the effects of multiple threats elicited by crises on conspiracy beliefs.
Predictive value of computed tomography radiomics combined with traditional imaging features in WHO/ISUP grading of clear cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Feng Yu‐Ning , Zhu Yu‐Hui , Feng Xiao‐Rong , Wu Ju‐Fang , Wei Di , Huang Guang‐Di , Jiang Yun‐Dan
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study is to investigate the preoperative prediction value of computed tomography (CT) radiomics combined with traditional imaging features in the grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) by extracting and analyzing the CT radiomics information of patients with CCRCC. One hundred thirty four patients with CCRCC who were admitted to our Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University (Futian, Shenzhen), between June 2019 and June 2023 were enrolled in this study. According to the WHO/ISUP classification standard, the patients were divided into the high differentiation group (III + IV) and the low differentiation group (I + II); they were divided into the study group and the validation group, with a ratio of 7:3 and the best features of the validation group were screened to construct the radiomics model. There were significant differences in the radiomics scores between the high differentiation group and the low differentiation group of CCRCC (p < 0.05). Computed tomography radiomics combined with traditional imaging features has favourable effects on predicting the differentiation degree of CCRCC before surgery.
Nearly uniform prices of fresh produce products in US retail chains and implications
Authors: Dong Xiao , Astill Gregory
Published: April 2024

This study provides evidence that retail prices of US fresh produce (fruits and vegetables) and fresh meat products are similar across stores within the same chain even though unique characteristics of fresh produce products might lend to more localization in pricing. The results show the median price difference of fresh produce is 5% within‐chain stores compared to 20% between‐chain stores. Furthermore, the results show no significant differences in fresh produce prices between‐chain stores that serve areas of differing food access nor significant differences in chain prices between Metropolitan Statistical Areas with implications to federal nutrition programs.
Punch biopsies in tattooed skin: Complications and patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Poelhekken Mila , Schornagel Ines J. , van der Bent Sebastiaan A. S.
Published: April 2024

Background

Despite the popularity and usage of tattoos in modern society, various complications can occur such as allergic tattoo reactions, infections, tattoo removal complications and chronic granulomatous inflammatory tattoo reactions such as sarcoidosis. Histopathology of skin biopsies in tattoos is crucial in the diagnostic process of complications. As tattoos are frequently obtained for cosmetic reasons, cosmetic consequences of a skin biopsy in a tattoo are important. Remarkably, no studies have been performed regarding the consequences and expected outcome of taking a punch biopsy of tattooed skin.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to report on the possible complications and patient‐reported cosmetic outcomes after punch biopsies in tattooed skin. Specifically, this study aims to assess the impact on appearance, symptoms and psychosocial burden of biopsies in tattooed skin, using the SCAR‐Q.

Methods

Patients who underwent a punch biopsy of tattooed skin at the Tattoo Clinic in the Alrijne Hospital between 2021 and 2023 were included. To evaluate patient satisfaction of the biopsy scar the SCAR‐Q and a questionnaire regarding the recovery of the punch biopsy was used.

Results

The final cohort consisted of 50 patients. Across all scales, the median scores on the SCAR‐Q questionnaire were consistent with the maximum score. Patients scored significantly better on the appearance scale when the biopsy was taken longer than 8 months ago. Two‐third of the patients reported no postbiopsy symptoms, with the remainder experiencing itch, pain or redness, which typically resolved within 10 days (88%). Remarkably, 42% of the patients reported the biopsy scar was not visible on the skin anymore. Scars on the lower extremities and trunk were significantly more frequently visible, as well as scars among patients aged 40 and above.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the cosmetic and psychological impact of punch biopsies in tattooed skin is minimal and the recovery is fast with minimal symptoms. For this reason, biopsies of tattooed skin should not be avoided in the diagnostic process.