bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isostructural metal-insulator transition in VO
2
Authors: Lee D. , Chung B. , Shi Y. , Kim G.-Y. , Campbell N. , Xue F. , Song K. , Choi S.-Y. , Podkaminer J. P. , Kim T. H. , Ryan P. J. , Kim J.-W. , Paudel T. R. , Kang J.-H. , Spinuzzi J. W. , Tenne D. A. , Tsymbal E. Y. , Rzchowski M. S. , Chen L. Q. , Lee J. , Eom C. B.
Published: November 2018

Separating structure and electrons in VO
2

Above 341 kelvin—not far from room temperature—bulk vanadium dioxide (VO
2
) is a metal. But as soon as the material is cooled below 341 kelvin, VO
2
turns into an insulator and, at the same time, changes its crystal structure from rutile to monoclinic. Lee
et al.
studied the peculiar behavior of a heterostructure consisting of a layer of VO
2
placed underneath a layer of the same material that has a bit less oxygen. In the VO
2
layer, the structural transition occurred at a higher temperature than the metal-insulator transition. In between those two temperatures, VO
2
was a metal with a monoclinic structure—a combination that does not occur in the absence of the adjoining oxygen-poor layer.

Science
, this issue p.
1037
Comment on “Contrasting carbon cycle responses of the tropical continents to the 2015–2016 El Niño”
Authors: Chevallier Frédéric
Published: November 2018

Liu
et al
. (Research Articles, 13 October 2017) inferred carbon flux anomalies in tropical continents with enough confidence to constrain the driving carbon-exchange processes. I show that they underestimated their error budget and that more effort must be invested in the satellite concentration retrievals and in the atmospheric transport models before such precision can be achieved.
The earliest human occupation of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau 40 thousand to 30 thousand years ago
Authors: Zhang X. L. , Ha B. B. , Wang S. J. , Chen Z. J. , Ge J. Y. , Long H. , He W. , Da W. , Nian X. M. , Yi M. J. , Zhou X. Y. , Zhang P. Q. , Jin Y. S. , Bar-Yosef O. , Olsen J. W. , Gao X.
Published: November 2018

Paleolithic occupation of Tibet

Human colonization of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau has generally been thought to have been confined to the past few thousand years of the Holocene. Zhang
et al.
report an investigation of the Nwya Devu archaeological site in central Tibet, 4600 meters above sea level, with Paleolithic occupation dates of ∼40 thousand to 30 thousand years ago (see the Perspective by Zhang and Dennell). The site has yielded a range of stone tools, indicating the adaptive ability of early modern humans to the harsh environment of the “roof of the world.” The findings also suggest that people from Tibet and Siberia may have interacted at this time.

Science
, this issue p.
1049
; see also p.
992
Metastases go with the flow
Authors: Goetz Jacky G.
Published: November 2018

Blood flow mechanics influence metastatic efficiency
Fast track to the neocortex: A memory engram in the posterior parietal cortex
Authors: Brodt S. , Gais S. , Beck J. , Erb M. , Scheffler K. , Schönauer M.
Published: November 2018

Memories reach the cortex rapidly

How fast do learning-induced anatomical changes occur in the brain? The traditional view postulates that neocortical memory representations reflect reinstatement processes initiated by the hippocampus and that a genuine physical trace develops only through reactivation over extended periods. Brodt
et al.
combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted MRI during an associative declarative learning task to examine experience-dependent structural brain plasticity in human subjects (see the Perspective by Assaf). This plasticity was rapidly induced after learning, persisted for more than 12 hours, drove behavior, and was localized in areas displaying memory-related functional brain activity. These plastic changes in the posterior parietal cortex, and their fast temporal dynamics, challenge traditional views of systems memory consolidation.

Science
, this issue p.
1045
; see also p.
994
Clues from gamma rays on the history of star birth
Authors: Prandini Elisa
Published: November 2018

The rate of sar formation peaked 10 billion years ago
Leon Max Lederman (1922–2018)
Authors: Kolb Rocky
Published: November 2018

Charismatic particle physics pioneer
Holistic services for people with advanced disease and chronic breathlessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brighton Lisa Jane , Miller Sophie , Farquhar Morag , Booth Sara , Yi Deokhee , Gao Wei , Bajwah Sabrina , Man William D-C , Higginson Irene J , Maddocks Matthew
Published: November 2018

Background

Breathlessness is a common, distressing symptom in people with advanced disease and a marker of deterioration. Holistic services that draw on integrated palliative care have been developed for this group. This systematic review aimed to examine the outcomes, experiences and therapeutic components of these services.

Methods

Systematic review searching nine databases to June 2017 for experimental, qualitative and observational studies. Eligibility and quality were independently assessed by two authors. Data on service models, health and cost outcomes were synthesised, using meta-analyses as indicated. Data on recipient experiences were synthesised thematically and integrated at the level of interpretation and reporting.

Results

From 3239 records identified, 37 articles were included representing 18 different services. Most services enrolled people with thoracic cancer, involved palliative care staff and comprised 4–6 contacts over 4–6 weeks. Commonly used interventions included breathing techniques, psychological support and relaxation techniques. Meta-analyses demonstrated reductions in Numeric Rating Scale distress due to breathlessness (n=324; mean difference (MD) −2.30, 95% CI −4.43 to −0.16, p=0.03) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) depression scores (n=408, MD −1.67, 95% CI −2.52 to −0.81, p<0.001) favouring the intervention. Statistically non-significant effects were observed for Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) mastery (n=259, MD 0.23, 95% CI −0.10 to 0.55, p=0.17) and HADS anxiety scores (n=552, MD −1.59, 95% CI −3.22 to 0.05, p=0.06). Patients and carers valued tailored education, self-management interventions and expert staff providing person-centred, dignified care. However, there was no observable effect on health status or quality of life, and mixed evidence around physical function.

Conclusion

Holistic services for chronic breathlessness can reduce distress in patients with advanced disease and may improve psychological outcomes of anxiety and depression. Therapeutic components of these services should be shared and integrated into clinical practice.

Registration number

CRD42017057508.
Victor Robert Simpson
Authors: Lawson Becki , Molenaar Fieke , Duff Paul
Published: November 2018

A founder of wildlife disease surveillance in Great Britain and passionate advocate for evidence‐based conservation: the impact of his work studying the diseases of wildlife was immense.
Sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the Get Active Questionnaire for identifying children with medically necessary special considerations for physical activity
Authors: Longmuir Patricia E. , Jackson Julia , Ertel Emily , Bhatt Maala , Doja Asif , Duffy Ciarán , Gardin Letizia , Jurencak Roman , Katz Sherri Lynne , Lai Lillian , Lamontagne Christine , Lee Suzie , Lougheed Jane , McCormick Anna , McMillan Hugh , Pohl Daniela , Roth Johannes , Theoret-Douglas Carol , Watanabe Duffy Karen , Wong Derek , Zemek Roger
Published: November 2018

Physical activity is promoted for optimal health but may carry risks for children who require medically necessary activity restrictions. The sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the Get Active Questionnaire (GAQ) for identifying children needing special considerations during physical activity was evaluated among parents of 207 children aged 3 to 14 years (97 (47%) female, mean age of 8.4 ± 3.7 years). GAQ responses were compared with reports obtained directly from the treating physician (n = 192/207) and information in the medical chart (clinic notes/physician letter, n = 111/207). Parent GAQ responses (either “No to all questions” or “Yes to 1 or more questions”) agreed with physician (κ = 0.16, p = 0.003) and medical record (κ = 0.15, p = 0.003) reports regarding the need for special consideration during physical activity (Yes/No). Sensitivity was 71% (20/28) and specificity was 59% (96/164), with few false-negative responses. The GAQ was most effective for rheumatology and cardiology patients. False positives were 29% to 46%, except among chronic pain (80%) and rehabilitation (75%) patients. Test–retest reliability was moderate (Cronbach’s α = 0.70) among 57 parents who repeated the GAQ 1 week later. The GAQ effectively identified children not requiring physical activity restrictions and those with medical conditions similar to those of concern among adults. Additional questions from a qualified exercise professional, as recommended for a “Yes” response on the GAQ, should reduce the false-positive burden. Indicating the timeframe of reference for each question and including an option to describe other special considerations (e.g., medication, supervision) are recommended.
A note on L2-boundary integrals of the Bergman kernel
Authors: Thuc Phung Trong
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we obtain some estimates on the [Formula: see text]-boundary norm of the Bergman kernel for pseudoconvex domains admitting a plurisubharmonic defining function.
Ripples and grains segregation on unpaved road
Authors: da Silva Tiago Moy , Bernardes Américo T.
Published: November 2018

Ripples or corrugations are common phenomena observed in unpaved roads in less developed countries or regions. They cause several damages in vehicles leading to increased maintenance and product costs. In this paper, we present a computational study about the so-called washboard roads. Also, we study grain segregation on unpaved roads. Our simulations have been performed by the Discrete Element Method (DEM). In our model, the grains are regarded as soft disks. The grains are subjected to a gravitational field and both translational and rotational movements are allowed. The results show that wheels’ of different sizes, weights and moving with different velocities can change corrugations amplitude and wavelength. Our results also show that some wavelength values are related to specific wheels’ speed intervals. Segregation has been studied in roads formed by three distinct grain diameters distribution. We observed that the phenomenon is more evident for higher grain size dispersion.
Study of d∗(2380) resonance in a chiral constituent quark model
Authors: Dong Yubing , Shen Pengnian , Huang Fei , Zhang Zongye
Published: November 2018

Studies on newly observed dibaryon resonance [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) with a compact structure in recent years are reviewed. In terms of a dynamical calculation with a chiral constituent quark model by using Resonating Group Method, the general characteristics of this resonance, like its mass, binding energy, root-mean-square radius, as well as, its strong double pion decays of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], its strong single pion decays of [Formula: see text], and its electromagnetic form factors, are given and compared with the experimental data. It is shown that the compact hexaquark dominant structure might be a reasonable interpretation for this dibaryon resonance and the charge distribution might be a new observable to judge different theoretical assumptions for its structure. Moreover, possible experimental tests are also discussed briefly.
On gaps in the closures of images of divisor functions
Authors: Achenjang Niven , Berger Aaron
Published: November 2018

Given a complex number [Formula: see text], define the divisor function [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we look at [Formula: see text], the topological closure of the image of [Formula: see text], when [Formula: see text]. We exhibit new lower bounds on the number of connected components of [Formula: see text], bringing this bound from linear in [Formula: see text] to exponential. We also discuss the general structure of gaps of [Formula: see text] in order to work toward a possible monotonicity result.
Asymptotic counting theorems for primitive juggling patterns
Authors: Tou Erik R.
Published: November 2018

The mathematics of juggling emerged after the development of siteswap notation in the 1980s. Consequently, much work was done to establish a mathematical theory that describes and enumerates the patterns that a juggler can (or would want to) execute. More recently, mathematicians have provided a broader picture of juggling sequences as an infinite set possessing properties similar to the set of positive integers. This theoretical framework moves beyond the physical possibilities of juggling and instead seeks more general mathematical results, such as an enumeration of juggling patterns with a fixed period and arbitrary number of balls. One problem unresolved until now is the enumeration of primitive juggling sequences, those fundamental juggling patterns that are analogous to the set of prime numbers. By applying analytic techniques to previously-known generating functions, we give asymptotic counting theorems for primitive juggling sequences, much as the prime number theorem gives asymptotic counts for the prime positive integers.
On the number of fully weighted zero-sum subsequences
Authors: Lemos Abílio , de Oliveira Moura Allan , Silva Anderson T. , Moriya B. K.
Published: November 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite additive abelian group with exponent [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be a sequence of elements in [Formula: see text]. For any element [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] denote the number of subsequences [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we prove that [Formula: see text], when [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the smallest positive integer [Formula: see text], such that every sequence [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text] of length at least [Formula: see text] has nonempty subsequence [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we classify the sequences such that [Formula: see text], where the exponent of [Formula: see text] is an odd number.
Expression of MT4-MMP, EGFR, and RB in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Strongly Sensitizes Tumors to Erlotinib and Palbociclib Combination Therapy
Authors: Foidart Pierre , Yip Cassandre , Radermacher Jean , Blacher Silvia , Lienard Mehdi , Montero-Ruiz Laetitia , Maquoi Erik , Montaudon Elodie , Château-Joubert Sophie , Collignon Joëlle , Coibion Michel , Jossa Véronique , Marangoni Elisabetta , Noël Agnès , Sounni Nor Eddine , Jerusalem Guy
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

Here, we investigated the clinical relevance of an unprecedented combination of three biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), both in human samples and in patient-derived xenografts of TNBC (PDX-TNBC): EGFR, its recently identified partner (MT4-MMP), and retinoblastoma protein (RB).

Experimental Design: IHC analyses were conducted on human and PDX-TNBC samples to evaluate the production of the three biomarkers. The sensitivity of cancer cells expressing or not MT4-MMP to anti-EGFR (erlotinib) or anti-CDK4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib) was evaluated in vitro in 2D and 3D proliferation assays and in vivo using xenografts and PDX-TNBC displaying different RB, MT4-MMP, and EGFR status after single (erlotinib or palbociclib) or combined (erlotinib + palbociclib) treatments.

Results:

EGFR and MT4-MMP were coexpressed in >70% of TNBC samples and PDX-TNBC, among which approximately 60% maintained RB expression. Notably, approximately 50% of all TNBC and PDX-TNBC expressed the three biomarkers. Single erlotinib and palbociclib treatments drastically reduced the in vitro proliferation of cells expressing EGFR and MT4-MMP when compared with control cells. Both TNBC xenografts and PDX expressing MT4-MMP, EGFR, and RB, but not PDX-TNBC with RB loss, were sensitive to erlotinib and palbociclib with an additive effect of combination therapy. Moreover, this combination was efficient in another PDX-TNBC expressing the three biomarkers and resistant to erlotinib alone.

Conclusions:

We defined a new association of three biomarkers (MT4-MMP/EGFR/RB) expressed together in 50% of TNBC and demonstrated its usefulness to predict the TNBC response to anti-EGFR and anti-CDK4/6 drugs used in single or combined therapy.
Effect of LigaSure™, Monopolar Cautery, and Bipolar Cautery on Surgical Margins in Breast-Conserving Surgery
Authors: Türkan Ahmet , Akkurt Gökhan , Yalaza Metin , Değirmencioğlu Gürkan , Kafadar Mehmet Tolga , Yenidünya Sibel , İnan Aydın , Dener Cenap
Published: November 2018

Background: We compared the differences in thermal damage at the surgical margin between monopolar cautery, bipolar cautery, and LigaSure™ in breast cancer lumpectomy specimens and assessed the effect of these techniques on the evaluation of the surgical margins. Methods: 30 patients scheduled for breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer were included in this study. During lumpectomy, each of the superior, inferior, lateral, and medial borders of the tumour was excised using one of the following: a scalpel, monopolar cautery, bipolar cautery, and LigaSure technology. The surgical margins of frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the lumpectomy specimen were evaluated. Thermal damage was defined as the maximum depth of thermal damage (in mm) from the surgical margin, and the level was categorized as none, low (≤1 mm), or high (>1 mm). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between monopolar cautery, bipolar cautery, and LigaSure in terms of thermal damage. There was no thermal damage at the surgical margin in tissues dissected by scalpel. Conclusion: Thermal damage due to the excision method may cause false-negative and false-positive results in the surgical margin evaluation of lumpectomy specimens. More research is needed on the effects of different energy modalities on surgical margin evaluation in breast-conserving surgery.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Renal Injury by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Autophagy
Authors: Shen Qiqi , Bi Xiao , Ling Lilu , Ding Wei
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: A recent study has shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3), the active form of vitamin D, can ameliorate renal dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of 1,25-D3 in angiotensin (Ang II)-induced renal injury and investigate the underlying mechanisms involved. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were treated with Ang II and/or 1,25-D3 (or saline as the control) for 2 weeks. Renal injury was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and periodic acid-Schiff reagent and Masson’s trichrome staining. The pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory factors were assessed using real-time PCR. The renal apoptotic pathway was evaluated with TUNEL staining and western blot. Mitochondrial dysfunction (MtD) was determined using real-time PCR and electron microscopy. The activation of autophagy was detected using western blot. Results: In the Ang II-infused mice, expanded mesangial regions, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and foot process fusion were observed; the levels of the pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines and MtD were also increased when compared with the control group. However, we found that administration of 1,25-D3 significantly improved renal function and MtD and reduced the pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, 1,25-D3 significantly inhibited Ang II-induced autophagy dysfunction (determined by inhibition of Beclin-1 activation and reduction of the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that 1,25-D3 may attenuate Ang II-induced renal injury by improving MtD and modulating autophagy. 1,25-D3 may be a new therapeutic for the treatment of CKD.
miR-10b Downregulated by DNA Methylation Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in HPV-Positive Cervical Cancer via Targeting Tiam1
Authors: Yu Miaomei , Xu Yun , Pan Lili , Feng Yuehua , Luo Kaiming , Mu Qinfeng , Luo Guanghua
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in diverse cancers. Although miR-10b is an oncogene implicated in many tumors, its role in cervical cancer (CC) remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the function and underlying mechanisms of miR-10b in human CC. Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure miR-10b expression in CC and normal tissues, and its association with clinicopathologic features was analyzed. Methylation of CpG sites in the miR-10b promoter was analyzed by methylation sequencing. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assays were used to elucidate the biological effects of miR-10b and expression of the target gene was assayed with Western blot. Results: miR-10b was downregulated in CC tissues compared with normal tissues, and less miR-10b expression was associated with larger tumors, vascular invasion and HPV-type 16 positivity. miR-10b expression decreased in HeLa (HPV18-positive) and SiHa (HPV16-positive) cells compared with C-33A (HPV-negative), but increased after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR. Methylation ratio of site -797 in the miR-10b promoter in C-33A was lower than that in HeLa and SiHa. Further analysis indicates that site -797 is located within a transcription factor AP-2A (TFAP2A) binding element. Functionally, overexpression of miR-10b in HeLa and SiHa suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis and miR-10b downregulation had opposite effects. Mechanistically, T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (Tiam1) was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-10b. Conclusion: miR-10b acts as a tumor suppressor in CC by suppressing oncogenic Tiam1, and its expression may be downregulated through methylation of TFAP2A binding element by HPV.
Mycobacterial Infection is Promoted by Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 Regulating a Signaling Cascade Leading to Activation of β1-Integrin
Authors: Wu Yuqing , Li Cao , Riehle Andrea , Pollmeier Barbara , Gulbins Erich , Grassmé Heike
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: Mycobacteria-induced diseases, especially tuberculosis, cause more than 1 million deaths each year, which is higher than any other single bacterial pathogen. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (Nsm2) has been implied in many physiological processes and diseases, but the role of Nsm2 in pathogen-host interactions and mycobacterial infections has barely been studied. Methods: We investigated the role of the Nsm2/ceramide system in systemic infection of mice and murine macrophages with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a model for mycobacterial infection. For in vitro assays we isolated bone marrow-derived macrophages from Wildtype mice or Nsm2-heterozygous and investigated the role of Nsm2 for macrophage migration/clustering as well as the involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38K), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), β1-integrin and Rac1 activity by Western blot and microscopic studies. For in vivo assays we injected mice intravenously with BCG and analyzed infected tissues for the role of Nsm2-mediated activation of β1-integrin in granuloma formation and bacterial burden. Results: Our results reveal that BCG infection of macrophages results in rapid stimulation of Nsm2. Genetic and pharmacological studies demonstrate that Nsm2 stimulates a signaling cascade via p38K and JNK to an activation of surface β1-integrin and Rac1 that leads to the formation of granuloma-like macrophages clusters in vitro and granuloma in vivo. Heterozygosity of Nsm2 in macrophages or antibody-mediated neutralization of active b1-integrin reduced macrophage clusters in vitro and granuloma formation in vivo. Most importantly, Nsm2 heterozygosity or treatment with neutralizing antibodies against β1-integrin protected mice from systemic BCG infections and chronic infections of the liver and spleen. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the Nsm2/ ceramide system plays an important role in systemic infection of mice with mycobacteria by regulating a signaling cascade via p38K, JNK, b1-integrin and Rac1.
Novel Survivin Inhibitor for Suppressing Pancreatic Cancer Cells Growth via Downregulating Sp1 and Sp3 Transcription Factors
Authors: Hurtado Myrna , Sankpal Umesh T. , Kaba Aboubacar , Mahammad Shahela , Chhabra Jaya , Brown Deondra T. , Gurung Raj K. , Holder Alvin A. , Vishwanatha Jamboor K. , Basha Riyaz
Published: November 2018

Background/Aims: Targeting survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein and mitotic regulator, is considered as an effective therapeutic option for pancreatic cancer (PaCa). Tolfenamic acid (TA) showed anti-cancer activity in pre-clinical studies. A recent discovery demonstrated a copper(II) complex of TA (Cu-TA) can result in higher activity. In this study, the ability of Cu-TA to inhibit survivin and its transcription factors, Specificity protein (Sp) 1 and 3 in PaCa cell lines and tumor growth in mouse xenograft model were evaluated. Methods: Cell growth inhibition was measured in MIA PaCa-2 and Panc1 cells for 2 days using CellTiter-Glo kit. Sp1, Sp3 and survivin expression (by Western blot and qPCR), apoptotic cells and cell cycle phase distribution (by flow cytometry) were evaluated. A pilot study was performed using athymic nude mice [treated with vehicle/Cu-TA (25 or 50 mg/kg) 3 times/week for 4 weeks. Results: The IC50 value for Cu-TA was about half than TA.Both agents repressed the protein expression of Sp1/Sp3/survivin, Cu-TA was more effective than TA. Especially effect on survivin inhibition was 5.2 (MIA PaCa-2) or 6.4 (Panc1) fold higher and mRNA expression of only survivin was decreased. Apoptotic cells increased with Cu-TA treatment in both cell lines, while Panc1 showed both effect on apoptosis and cell cycle (G2/M) arrest. Cu-TA decreased the tumor growth in mouse xenografts (25 mg/kg: 48%; 50 mg/kg: 68%). Additionally, there was no change observed in mice body weights, indicating no overt toxicity was occurring. Conclusion: These results show that Cu-TA can serve as an effective survivin inhibitor for inhibiting PaCa cell growth.
The genus Bittacus Latreille (Insecta: Mecoptera) in Brazil: key to species, distribution maps, new synonym, and three new species
Authors: MACHADO RENATO JOSE PIRES , DE MELLO MENDES DIEGO MATHEUS , RAFAEL JOSÉ ALBERTINO
Published: November 2018

The Brazilian species of Bittacus Latreille (Mecoptera: Bittacidae) are reviewed and one new synonym is proposed (Thyridates willmanni Collucci & Amorin syn. n. of Bittacus diversinervis Souza Lopes & Mangabeira). Three new species are herein described: Bittacus cruzi sp. n. from Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo and Manaus, B. ferreirai sp. n. from Bahia, Aracatu and B. varzeanus sp. n. from Amazonas, Tefé, bringing the current number of Bittacus species in Brazil to 18. Illustrations, comments, and distribution maps of each species are presented. An identification key to the Brazilian genera of Mecoptera and Bittacus species is also presented.
Asia-Australia distribution patterns among species of Mystrothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae), with two new species
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A. , TREE DESLEY J.
Published: November 2018

The genus Mystrothrips now comprises 10 species, of which one is from Brazil but the others from Asia and Australia, including M. brachystylis sp.n. and M. nomadus sp.n. from eastern Australia. Variation among specimens of M. dammermanni from sites in Southeast Asia and Queensland is discussed. Mystrothrips reteanum described from Korea and known from southern China, is here recorded from Fiji and eastern Australia, and moreover is newly recognized as a senior synonym of M. flavidus from Japan.
Navigobius asayake, a new species of ptereleotrine goby (Gobioidei: Microdesmidae) from Kagoshima, southern Japan
Authors: OKAMOTO MAKOTO , MOTOMURA HIROYUKI
Published: November 2018

A new species of ptereleotrine dartfish, Navigobius asayake, is described based on four specimens (45.0–52.1 mm in standard length: SL) collected from off the Satsuma Peninsula and Tanegashima island, Kagoshima, southern Japan. It is distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of characters: second dorsal-fin rays I, 18–19; anal-fin rays I, 19; pectoral-fin rays 21–22; gill rakers 5–6 + 13–15; head length 25.1–26.4% SL; eye diameter 8.6–10.0% SL; pelvic-fin length 15.2–16.1% SL; and a well-developed yellow stripe extending from behind upper part of eye to beneath first dorsal fin.
Chirocephalus sanhadjaensis sp. nov., a new chirocephalid species (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from Numidia (Algeria)
Authors: BOUMENDJEL LYLIA , RABET NICOLAS , AMAROUAYACHE MOUNIA
Published: November 2018

A new species of Chirocephalus collected in temporary freshwater ponds in Northeastern Algeria is described. Chirocephalus sanhadjaensis sp. nov. seems to be restricted to Ain-Magroun and Belkroun pools (Skikda Province). The most similar species is C. marchesonii Ruffo & Vesentini, 1957, which is endemic to Italy. The new taxon, belonging to the “diaphanus” species group of the genus Chirocephalus, is identifiable from all congeners primarily by the shape of the antennal appendages and that of the apex of the distal antennomere of the antennae. The resting eggs of C. sanhadjaensis sp. nov. are similar to those of C. diaphanus or C. salinus but are larger (448.24 ± 30.93 µm). The restricted distribution of this species confirms the high biological diversity of the area of the Guerbes-Sanhadja eco-complex.
Sphenotrochus cairnsi, new name for Sphenotrochus cuneolus Cairns 2004 (Scleractinia: Turbinoliidae)
Authors: GARBEROGLIO RICARDO M.
Published: November 2018

S.D. Cairns (2004) described the solitary Recent Scleractinia species Sphenotrochus cuneolus (p. 299, figs. 9A-F) from Marion Plateau (Queensland, Australia) and Sulu Archipelago (Philippines), but that name had already been used for a coral from the Eocene of Belgium (in Vincent & Lefevre 1872, p. 68, pl. 3, fig. 9). The same name appears in a figure (pl. 1, fig. 11) from Couffon (1903) on the Miocene of France, but it is clearly a mistake, since in the description of the species (p. 89) he mentions Turbinolia cuneolus, a species descripted by Michelin (1840–1847; p. 287, pl. 66, fig. 2).
The Globalization of Light Skin Colorism: From Critical Race to Critical Skin Theory
Authors: Hall Ronald E.
Published: November 2018

On the cusp of Western civilization, Caucasians aspired to a racial world order defining Caucasian as superior race status. Today, racial diversity is a societal theme facilitated by laws, which deems racial equality a right and racial discrimination illegal. Nevertheless, by globalization, a racial world order exists by locating light skin at the zenith of humanity. As pertains to the globalization of light skin, culture and social criteria are most significant considering the demands of a racist racial hierarchy. The existence of such a hierarchy by replacing racism with colorism then necessitates moving beyond race category. Critical race theory (CRT) per light skin as new world order must defer to critical skin theory (CST). Colorism per CST operates identical in manner to racism per CRT. CST must then be elevated to priority over CRT such that the future of humanity may be rescued from the tenacious transgressions of a racist societal past.
Uncle Sam Rising: Performance Implications of Business-to-Government Relationships
Authors: Josephson Brett W. , Lee Ju-Yeon , Mariadoss Babu John , Johnson Jean L.
Published: November 2018

This article uses multimethod approaches to develop a conceptual foundation for and empirical evidence of the performance implications of business-to-government (B2G) relationships. In-depth interviews reveal unique characteristics that differentiate B2G exchanges from commercial exchanges (e.g., procurement mission; regulations and oversight; scale, scope, and planning horizon) and highlight the resultant cost–benefit trade-offs for firms in this environment. Empirical longitudinal analyses of secondary data show that a firm’s government customer emphasis (firm revenue dependence on B2G relationships) exerts a positive nonlinear effect on firm value but also increases firm risk (idiosyncratic and systematic). Government customer breadth and depth are two critical customer portfolio characteristics that moderate these effects. High government customer breadth creates more costs associated with an increasing government customer emphasis, mitigating the positive nonlinear effect on firm value. However, breadth provides diversification benefits that alleviate the increase in idiosyncratic risk that comes with greater government customer emphasis. Deep B2G relationships give firms key customer domain knowledge and insights, which help counteract the increased idiosyncratic and systematic risks of government customer emphasis. The authors discuss the implications for marketing theory and practice.
Personal and Contextual Factors Associated With Successful Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Outcomes
Authors: Sevak Purvi H. , Mann David R. , O’Neill John
Published: November 2018

Some individuals with disabilities have relatively better labor outcomes than others. If vocational rehabilitation (VR) counselors can better understand what factors are correlated with positive outcomes, they could better identify what clients are at risk for poor outcomes and then intervene early to improve chances for success. Unfortunately, until recently VR survey and administrative data have had insufficient information to investigate these questions. We use a survey of 932 Ohio VR clients combined with administrative earnings data to examine the barriers and facilitators associated with employment and earnings outcomes. The survey data are from the 2014 Survey of Disability and Employment, a survey of VR applicants in three states. We compare VR case status and earnings through 2016, by demographics, functional limitation status, employment history and attitudes, and reasons stated for not working in the survey. We find that about 25% of survey respondents exited the program employed or had at least one quarter of average monthly earnings above the Social Security Administration’s substantial gainful activity amount. Pain, depression or anxiety, longer duration of job separation, personal and familial attitudes about work, and not working because of personal and health reasons were associated with poorer outcomes among survey respondents.
Transmission Control Protocol and Active Queue Management together against congestion: cross-comparison through simulations
Authors: Grazia Carlo Augusto , Patriciello Natale , Klapez Martin , Casoni Maurizio
Published: November 2018

Most Internet traffic is carried by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) nowadays, even in the case of real-time services. Detecting and mitigating the congestion is one of the primary tasks of this protocol, in fact, different TCP versions are defined by their congestion control algorithms. Furthermore, Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms share the same goal of congestion mitigation with TCP; in particular, the most efficient congestion control occurs when AQM and TCP work together. This paper presents a brief survey and a cross-comparison of the latest and most important TCP and AQM variants, then provides an evaluation of a different kind of performance on the ns-3 network simulator over various types of environments (multiple Round Trip Time, long delay, different congestion levels, etc.). In any shared bottleneck, the choice of the TCP-AQM couple to adopt is crucial. We will show that the results are not univocal and the “one size fits all” solution does not exist. Moreover, the proper couple depends on the performance that we want to boost and on the environment that we have to deal with.
Reluctant allies: system-unit dynamics and China-Russia relations
Authors: Korolev Alexander , Portyakov Vladimir
Published: November 2018

This article attempts to advance the neoclassical realist framework by elaborating on the interaction between system-level and unit-level factors in the formation of states’ behavior. With an empirical focus on post-Cold War China–Russia relations, which represent the ambivalent combination of a consistently growing strategic entente and a simultaneous reluctance to form a full-fledged political-military alliance, this study establishes two major unit-level factors – differing economic models and negative historical memories – that create hurdles for alliance formation between the two countries. However, under greater systemic pressure from the US-led unipolarity, China’s and Russia’s state leaders have not only increased bilateral military-to-military cooperation but have begun to actively implement policies to deliberately transform, if not remove, the existing non-systemic hurdles. Therefore, the neoclassical realist framework can be understood and further tested as a dynamic interaction model in which the unit-level circumstances, while moderating the causal impact of the system, are themselves being transformed by the system via state policies, as is their impact on states’ foreign policy.
Organizational change and commitment: Effects on well-being, turnover intent and quality of care in Spanish and Swedish eldercare
Authors: Westerberg Kristina , Pienaar Jacobus , Nordin Maria , Romeo Marina , Yepes-Baldó Montserrat
Published: November 2018

Frequent organizational changes have been a rule rather than an exception in many European countries for decades. The present study investigates how affective organizational commitment relates to and moderates the effects of having been exposed to organizational restructuring on employee well-being, quality of care and turnover intentions among 530 eldercare employees in Sweden and Spain. The results show that there was a main effect of employees’ experiences of being affected by change on well-being and turnover intentions but not on quality of care. Restructuring changes were moderated by affective commitment on turnover intentions. However, the buffering effect of affective commitment in terms of protecting employees from turnover intentions was weak.
Nationalism and Europeanization in LGBT Rights and Politics: A Comparative Study of Croatia and Serbia
Authors: Swimelar Safia
Published: November 2018

LGBT rights have come to be seen as allied with the idea of “Europe” and a European identity, particularly in the process of European Union enlargement to the East. Scholars have examined the ways in which external norms interact with more local, often “traditional” norms and identities. In this process, nationalism and conceptions of national identity and gender/sexuality norms can be seen as important factors that influence the domestic adoption of LGBT rights, particularly in the post-war Balkans. Croatia and Serbia (from approximately 2000 to 2014) present two interesting and different cases to analyze how discourses and dynamics of national and state identity construction, nationalism, and LGBT rights relate to discourses of “Europeanness” and European identity and how these affect the political dynamics of LGBT rights. This article finds that in Croatia, national identity was constructed in terms of convergence with European norms and identity, homonationalism was used to distinguish themselves from a “Balkan” identity, and there was a lower threat perception of the LGBT community framed primarily as a “threat to the family.” In Serbia, state and national identity was constructed in opposition to Europe and homosexuality had stronger threat perception, framed primarily as “threat to the nation.” In short, nationalism and national identity were less disadvantageous as a domestic constraint to LGBT rights in Croatia than in Serbia. The dynamics between nationalism and LGBT rights played out, for example, in the politics of the marriage referendum, Pride Parades, and public discourse more generally. This research contributes to the scholarship on LGBT rights and nationalism by empirically analyzing the different ways that nationalism, gender/sexuality, and European identity interrelate and influence LGBT rights change in a changing post-war identity landscape and how domestic constraints affect human rights norm diffusion.
Changing the Landscape: A Look at a Market District as an Emerging Model of K-12 Schooling
Authors: Allen Ann , Gawlik Marytza
Published: November 2018

Despite research indicating significant challenges of market-based schooling, charter schools remain a growing trend in the United States. In this article, we examine an emerging market model: a K-12 system of charter schools under one charter board meant to serve as a city’s school district. To assess the fit of the market model, we employed a qualitative case study design, using interviews with school board members and the superintendent, and document analysis of school governance documents including the district’s bylaws, organizational charts, and state law. We analyzed our findings against a theory of school governance and found that despite the intent of local actors to create a school district that served all students, the market approach to whole-district schooling created gaps in service. This article raises important insights into the use of market models and the underlying philosophy of governance in shaping educational offerings for students, families, and communities.
Nonprofits’ Internal Marketing and Its Influence on Volunteers’ Experiences and Behavior: A Multiple Mediation Analysis
Authors: Gross Hellen P. , Rottler Maren
Published: November 2018

Drawing from theory and research on internal marketing as a relevant factor influencing volunteer behavior, we hypothesize that internal marketing practices are positively associated with the way volunteers act in the interest of an organization and that this relationship is mediated by volunteers’ satisfaction and organizational identification. In a study of volunteers in German arts organizations, this relationship is analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicate mediation effects of satisfaction on volunteer behavior and internal marketing. Similarly, identification with the organization positively influences volunteer behavior, although not in the form of a mediation. Implications for internal marketing practices and arts organizations relying on volunteers are discussed.
Fast-track fisticuffs? An ethnographic exploration of time and white-collar boxing
Authors: Wright Edward J
Published: November 2018

Whilst white-collar boxing at first appears to be named according to the social class of its practitioners, this paper will argue that this initial appearance is misleading. Based on the analysis of 32 interviews and six months of ethnographic data collection at a boxing club in the English Midlands, it argues that white-collar boxers do not recognise the classed connotations of the term white-collar, to which sociologists tend to be accustomed. Within this lifeworld, white-collar has become a temporal signifier, referring to a version of the sport in which participation is for beginners and limited to eight weeks, culminating in a public boxing match in front of a large crowd. This eight-week participation model is outlined and identified as being drastically different from other forms of boxing, which are emblematic of modernity. White-collar boxing therefore provides entry into a wider discussion on the social construction of time. Acceleration and condensation of time are routinely discussed in this field, and it is suggested that a conceptual split between condensed and accelerated time allows for this white-collar boxing to be understood. Ultimately, white-collar boxing is theorised as the condensed reproduction of the idealised career of the professional boxer.
An Ecocultural Perspective on Eating-Related Routines Among Low-Income Families With Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Bekelman Traci A. , Bellows Laura L. , Clark Lauren , Thompson Darcy A. , Kemper Geri , McCloskey Morgan L. , Johnson Susan L.
Published: November 2018

Eating-related routines, such as regular mealtimes, can protect against obesity. Little is known about eating-related routines among preschoolers or the factors that shape those routines. Ecocultural Theory and qualitative interviews with 30 caregivers of preschoolers in Colorado were used to describe eating-related routines at home and parents’ perspectives on the factors that shape routines. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze and interpret data. Consistent with clinical recommendations, parents’ goals included dinner meals where adults and preschoolers eat the same food, in the same place, at the same time. However, parents’ employment schedules and challenges in managing preschoolers’ behavior prevented parents from consistently enacting recommended routines. Educating parents alone may not be sufficient to ensure optimal eating-related routines among preschoolers, and the household context needs to be considered. Families organized routines according to cultural values and available resources.
Stability analysis of linear systems with switchable stiffness using the Floquet theory
Authors: Moreno-Ahedo L. , Diarte-Acosta S.
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a novel approach based on the Floquet theory is applied for the stability analysis of a mass–spring system with switchable stiffness. The Reid model is used to describe the dynamics of this semi-active vibration control problem. The semi-active control is achieved by a spring which commutes between a maximum and minimum stiffness according to a prescribed state-dependent rule and its performance is characterized by a system parameter, which relates to the extreme values of the stiffness. In order to apply the Floquet theorem, the Reid model is written as a linear periodic differential equation by converting the state-dependent rule into a time-periodic control law. The application of the theory allows us to obtain the Floquet multipliers and exponents in terms of the system parameter. The multipliers lie inside the unitary circle showing asymptotic stability, while the exponents are used to solve an optimization problem by applying a sensitivity analysis. Our results are validated by analyzing the Reid model using nonlinear analysis techniques. According to our findings, the present approach provides a useful tool to analyze the vibration control of linear systems with switchable stiffness in a natural and straightforward way, which also gives mathematical tractability for optimization purposes. In addition, this approach can be extended to study the cases of multi-degree-of-freedom systems and forced systems.