bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A LIST OF MEDICAL LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION BUREAUX IN THE BRITISH ISLES
Authors: LE FANU W.R.
Published: January 2008

The only comprehensive list of British medical libraries hitherto available has been that in The Aslib directory 1928, and there is an extended account of those in London in Reginald Rye, The students' guide to the libraries of London (3rd ed., 1927), pp. 362–77. The new list, here put forward, is intended to bring the information from those two books of reference up to date, after nearly twenty years. British libraries are briefly listed among ‘Medical libraries outside North America’ in the Medical Library Association's A handbook of medical library practice, ed. Janet Doe, Chicago, American library association 1943, chapter 1, appendix 2, pages 41–64. The meagre information in that list, if contrasted with the detailed documentation of American and Canadian libraries in successive issues of the American medical directory, accentuates the need for us to know ourselves better. Several, perhaps many, medical librarians have had to compile lists of kindred libraries for their own convenience. A list which I had thus prepared seemed to Aslib to offer adequate basis for a Directory of British medical libraries, and in order to complete it Aslib issued a questionnaire in the autumn of 1944 to libraries known to possess medical collections and to hospitals, medical societies, and medical institutions throughout the British Isles. The information obtained from the generous response to this questionnaire is epitomized in the list which follows. I am responsible for all omissions and errors and I hope that those who detect any will supply corrections and additions so that this preliminary list may be revised and become a definitive Directory.
INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY REHABILITATION AND PLANNING
Authors: BESTERMAN THEODORE
Published: January 2008

This may at first sight seem to be a subject of somewhat tepid interest, and so indeed it can be if approached in a conventional spirit. Yet in truth there can be few questions of more fundamental importance. Knowledge, research, discovery, and indeed our daily life, are all based on that organization of recorded knowledge which is called documentation, and can be successfully and efficiently achieved or conducted precisely to the extent that they are well documented. So much is obvious, but this is only the beginning of the story. Organized knowledge, and all the things that result from it—in other words, human civilization as we understand it—is not a thing that exists in itself. A living, developing community is inseparable from its records. History displays only too many civilizations which have died and left their monuments behind them as melancholy memorials of human decadence and folly. But the mind cannot even conceive of the opposite case, of the survival of a civilization if the documents, in the widest sense, be destroyed in which it is recorded.
THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH
Authors: BROWN O.F.
Published: January 2008

The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research was established by Order in Council during the 1914–18 war, with its own vote and with the Lord President of the Council as responsible Minister, as a means of helping the country when peace returned.
EARLY DUTCH LIBRETTOS AND PLAYS WITH MUSIC IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM
Authors: LOEWENBERG ALFRED
Published: January 2008

The following list is a first attempt to catalogue and describe systematically the British Museum's extensive holdings of early opera librettos and related plays. The great importance of these unpretentious booklets as supplementary and, more often than not, even primary sources for the history and bibliography of dramatic music, besides or instead of the scores, was already clearly recognized in the eighteenth century by Dr. Burney and other scholars. But it is only since 1914, the year in which O. G. T. Sonneck's Library of Congress Catalogue of opera librettos printed before 1800 appeared, that their documentary value could to any greater extent be put to general use in international musicological research. A similar bibliography of the British Museum librettos, while naturally duplicating many Washington entries, would produce a great number of additional tides, not a few of them otherwise unrecorded; it would provide the musical scholar with the key to a collection unequalled elsewhere in Europe, which owing to the peculiar nature of the material is not easily accessible by means of the General Catalogue.
A NOVICE ON ‘DOCUMENTATION’
Authors: SIMONS ERIC N.
Published: January 2008

I must confess that the word ‘documentation’ has always terrified me, and as a lover of the English language I wish a less formidable word could be found for this valuable, indeed vital, activity. Documentation, to a novice like myself, spells fust and must; dreary, bewhiskered old fossils; men whose souls are made of the parchment they handle. That this is not true I know from my contacts with members of Aslib, but I am quite sure the word frightens off many people who have not had that advantage.
THE RESEARCH PROGRAMME OF THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS SECTION, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
Authors: BAKER HELEN
Published: January 2008

The Industrial Relations Section of the Department of Economics and Social Institutions of Princeton University was established in 1922 for the enhancement and extension of knowledge in industrial relations in the broadest sense of that term. During the intervening years the section has attempted to carry out its original programme through the maintenance of a special library, through participation in the departmental courses of instruction, through the publication of research reports and bibliographies, and through the preparation of numerous brief bibliographies and memoranda in answer to special requests.
THE EDITOR RESIGNS
Authors: LE MAISTRE C.
Published: January 2008

It is with great regret that we have to announce that Mr. Theodore Besterman, Editor of The Journal of documentation since its inception in 1945, has reluctantly been obliged to relinquish the work owing to his appointment as Counsellor, Bibliographical and Library Centre of Unesco.
A BOOK‐NOTATION FOR SPECIAL LIBRARIES
Authors: LARSEN KNUD
Published: January 2008

No classification will last for ever, and it will rarely last half a century without becoming obsolete. Therefore the main quality that is required from a classification is susceptibility to modifications even in its foundation. Generally there would be no difficulty in revising a classification by the insertion of new main classes and the addition of new subdivisions, if this were not prevented by the notation. When using the common notations, e.g. that of the Decimal Classification, it is impossible to insert anywhere an indefinite number of new parallel sections, either in the main classes or in the subdivisions.
SPECIAL LIBRARY EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Authors: MORLEY LINDA H.
Published: January 2008

The development of educational programmes for special librarians has been very gradual in America. As recently as 1937 the Training and Recruiting Committee of the Special Libraries Association reported that there was only one library school giving a separate course for special librarians. The inclusion of one or two lectures or units in general courses, visits, field work, or some special adjustment for individual students in thirteen other schools represented all the special library training available at that time. A similar survey made by the Training Committee in 1945 indicates that somewhat less than half of the thirty‐six accredited library schools now have some kind of special library programme and most of the schools have at least one or two lectures, usually given by special librarians, as well as several visits to special libraries in order to acquaint their students with the opportunities in this field and the qualifications desirable.
A CUMULATIVE WORLD THESAURUS
Authors: DAVID CHARLES W. , HIRSCH RUDOLF
Published: January 2008

Mr. Theodore Besterman recently proposed the printing of a cumulative edition of the Library of Congress catalogue. The vision of his proposal provokes ideas of an even more comprehensive tool beyond the limitations of one great, but nevertheless far from universal, library. On the basis of a statistical sample developed by Mr. LeRoy C. Merritt for use in his part of Union catalogs, it was found that the Library of Congress held approximately 37 per cent. of the total number of titles listed in the U.S. national union catalogue in 1940. Of these about one‐sixth were not to be found in any other library in the United States. Presumably the situation has not been greatly changed by accessions at the Library of Congress since 1940.
RICHARD OFFOR
Authors: WOLEDGE G.
Published: January 2008

Dr. Richard Offor retires in 1947 from the librarianship of the University of Leeds, to which he was appointed in 1919. In these twenty‐eight years the Library has grown from insignificance to splendour; and in its growth, besides the munificence of benefactors and the steady support of the University, not the least factors have been his skill, his insight, his enthusiasm, and his energy.
RICHARD OFFOR
Authors: SCOTT J.W.
Published: January 2008

[Preface to] Redeeming the time. A sermon preached at the service for members of the University of London in Westminster Abbey on May 10th, 1916, by His Grace the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury [Randall Thomas Davidson]. London, Faith Press, 1916. pp. 3–4.
THE EIGHTEENTH‐CENTURY PROPRIETARY LIBRARY IN ENGLAND
Authors: BECKWITH FRANK
Published: January 2008

I that phenomenon so familiar to students of eighteenth‐century literature, the ‘circulating library’, has endured much comment, a little of it accurate, some of it ambiguous, a great deal of it uninformed. The chief obstacle to a proper appreciation of its influence is the absence of a proper definition of it; that given in the Oxford English Dictionary speaks the truth indeed, but not the whole truth, for within the category are to be included at least two major species which differ in toto. The first, the object of Sheridan's familiar but shallow witticism, will not be dealt with here in any detail: it was not unlike the modern ‘twopenny’ library, being a commercial venture dependent on individual management and catering for the immediate wants of a public largely uncritical and in search of passing entertainment. It is rather with the second type, the ‘proprietary’ library, that this paper is concerned, for although its aims, status, and administration were totally different from those of its humbler if more popular contemporary, this type was, and still is, designated ‘circulating’, if the Leeds Library be taken to represent it, as it assuredly does in every way. The relevant nomenclature for eighteenth‐century libraries is, in fact, not a little bewildering to the uninitiated: the Leeds Library has been known as ‘circulating’, ‘subscription’, and even ‘public’, while the Birmingham Library indenture of 1799 expressly names ‘the Public Library’; but the Cambridge University library, for example, was also known as ‘public’, like many other essentially ‘private’ collections, such as those parochial libraries which restricted the use of their treasures to the faithful and gave the parson the key. The distinction insisted on above will be found roughly to correspond with that made by the older local historians, who generally deign to notice, however meagrely, the local ‘proprietary’ institution, but do not, as a rule, condescend to mention the mere commercial venture, a distinction made so pointed in a judgement of exquisite gentility by the excellent Mr. Horsfield of Lewes, to be quoted hereafter, that it is worthy to become classic. Most of them are mentioned by S. Lewis in his great Topographical dictionary, and they are generally styled ‘subscription’ libraries.
SCHOOL AND COLLEGE LIBRARIES AND THE TEACHER IN TRAINING
Authors: ROBINSON M.U.
Published: January 2008

The English praise books and book‐lovers, and write magnificent prose about the liberty of the Press, but do not always try as much as they might to encourage the foundation of libraries or to foster the care of books. The State has often left libraries to individual initiative or to private benefactors; thus it is not surprising to find that, although as long ago as 1926 the official opinion was that ‘the school library … forms a very important part of the equipment of an efficient school …’ (Hadow Report on the education of the adolescent), no concerted action has been taken with regard to school libraries. There are books without accommodation and bookless library‐rooms; if a school is fortunate enough to have both a library‐room and a collection of books, it is rare to find a trained school librarian in charge.
INSURANCE LIBRARIES
Authors: PENDLETON O.W.
Published: January 2008

A primitive form of marine insurance existed in very early times in what are known as contracts of bottomry or respondentia. This was an arrangement by which the owners of ships borrowed money at a high rate of interest and did not repay the loan if the ship was lost. This was also extended to other property, so that a rudimentary form of burglary insurance can be traced in the distant past. Loans of this kind were transacted in ancient Babylon, as is shown in the Code of Hammurabi, c. 2025 B.C. Contracts of bottomry were prohibited by a decree of Pope Gregory IX in 1234 on the grounds that they were usurious, and some authorities think that it was at this point that insurance in its true sense developed. In 1310 there existed at Bruges a ‘Chamber of Assurances’ for the insurance of merchandise against marine and other risks.
ON BOOKS
Authors: Vavilov S.I.
Published: January 2008

I have no statistics before me of the growth in output of books, magazines, and newspapers throughout the world, but I will hardly be mistaken if I say that it is very great. And this continual vast accumulation of printed material presents to‐day a real and ever‐growing problem.
THE USE OF MICROFILM FOR COMPLETING SETS
Authors: JOLLEY LEONARD
Published: January 2008

There has been plenty of discussion of the technical problems of microfilming, and the potential importance of microfilms to the librarian is generally accepted, but little seems yet to have been written in this country on the practical problems facing the librarian who wishes to make extensive use of microfilms in building up his stock. Microfilm viewers are now to be found in many libraries, but on the whole, microfilms are used in British libraries mainly to satisfy occasional demands, and very few libraries in this country appear to be using microfilms systematically and extensively; an account of one such attempt may therefore be of interest.
THE CO‐ORDINATION OF ABSTRACTING SERVICES
Authors: DITMAS E.M.R.
Published: January 2008

UNESCO is instructed by its constitution to ‘Maintain, increase and diffuse knowledge … by initiating methods of international co‐operation calculated to give the peoples of all countries access to the printed and published materials produced by any of them’. As one of the methods of carrying out this function the programmes of Unesco both for 1947 and 1948 specifically included plans to ‘facilitate the improvement of scientific documentation and abstracting’, and an Expert Committee on Scientific Abstracting was called together at Unesco House in Paris during the 7th, 8th, and 9th of April 1948, under the joint authority of the Libraries and Natural Science sections, for preliminary work in connexion with an international conference to be held at a later date.
DOCUMENTATION IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES SOME PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: WOLEDGE G.
Published: January 2008

I IT is unnecessary to stress either the importance in the troubled world of to‐day of the easy circulation of information in the field of the social sciences, or the inadequacy as they exist at present of the documentational services (including bibliographies and abstracts) which are needed to facilitate it. Since it is scarcely possible for these services to be provided adequately except by wide international co‐operation, their improvement cannot be undertaken except by equally wide agreement, which must in turn be based on full discussion and on a more exact and comprehensive knowledge of the situation than is easily available at present. It is good news that Unesco, the progress of whose work on the documentational questions of the natural sciences is recorded in the previous paper, is also to turn its attention to those of the social sciences; it can provide the impulse, the centre, and the machinery for the work of investigation and discussion which must necessarily fall on those immediately concerned as producers, intermediaries, or consumers—that is, on bibliographers, librarians, and social scientists. These notes do no more than suggest some lines on which investigation and discussion will be particularly necessary, and some dangers which should be avoided.
A BRIEF NOTE ON ARCHIVES OF SOUND RECORDINGS
Authors: SAUL PATRICK
Published: January 2008

AT a conference held in London in March of this year, under the chairmanship of Mr. Frank Howes, President of the Royal Musical Association, it was proposed that an Institute of Recorded Sound should be set up, which would have as its main function the preservation of sound recordings of all types for posterity and for the current use of students.
PAPERS IN EARLY AMERICAN PRIZE CASES
Authors: STEINER W.A.
Published: January 2008

FROM the beginning of the American War of Independence naval captures occurred and the need for a Prize Court of more than merely state jurisdiction was felt. The appropriate State Courts did, of course, exercise jurisdiction in prize matters, but this proved inadequate in the international and inter‐state spheres.
DR. S. C. BRADFORD
Authors: DITMAS E.M.R.
Published: January 2008

BY the sudden death of Dr. Samuel Clement Bradford on 13 November 1948 British documentation has lost another of its outstanding personalities. It is a sad coincidence that in two successive issues of the Journal of Documentation we should have been obliged to record the loss of Dr. Bradford and Professor A. F. C. Pollard.
RAPPORT SUR LA CRÉATION D'UNE COMMISSION MIXTE D'ENSEIGNEMENT PROFESSIONNEL SUGGÉRÉE PAR LA FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE DOCUMENTATION
Authors: BRIET SUZANNE
Published: January 2008

Summary The International Federation of Library Associations (I.F.L.A. and F.I.A.B. in English and French respectively) and the International Federation for Documentation (F.I.D.) each have a committee on professional training. Unesco wants to promote co‐operation between these two committees. This preliminary report states the F.I.D. position.
MICROCARDS
Authors: DITMAS E.M.R.
Published: January 2008

SOME time has elapsed since the publication of Mr. Fremont Rider's article on Microcards in this Journal, but now, with the issue of The Microcard Bulletin, some interesting facts have become available. Technical development of these cards has reached a stage where they can be mass‐produced at a much lower cost than either books or microfilms, and this form of documentary reproduction has left the realms of theory for those of practical achievement.
TEMPORARY BUILDINGS FOR RESEARCH LIBRARIES
Authors: BONSER WILFRID
Published: January 2008

IN these days when permanent building is so restricted and difficult, librarians, like others who require new buildings or extensions to their present accommodation, have had to resort to temporary structures for housing books and readers.
IMAGES FROM THE AIR: THE BEGINNINGS OF ULTRAFAX
Authors: EVANS LUTHER H.
Published: January 2008

THE narrator, a man with a pleasant voice, allowed himself a pause, and then solemnly went on: ‘Gentlemen,’ he said, ‘you are about to witness the first public transmission of message by Ultrafax in the history of the world.’ It was Friday morning, 21 October 1948. The audience in the Coolidge Auditorium of the Library of Congress concentrated attention on the stage. There was expectancy and a sense of participation in beginnings… .
AN INQUIRY INTO CO‐OPERATION
Authors: STAVELEY R.
Published: January 2008

THE EASTER Vacation Course held at the School of Librarianship and Archives, University College, London, 4–9 April 1949, was in the nature of an experiment. It took the form of a practical study of the practices and problems of library co‐operation, as revealed by visits to a number of libraries and other interested bodies, and interviews with their librarians, carried out by members of the course working in pairs. It depended for its success on the enthusiasm and initiative of the students, who were selected to ensure that they were of sufficient experience and seniority to make an effective contribution; and on the willingness of busy librarians to spare time for interviews and to make them as informative as possible. The School is greatly indebted to the librarians of the following libraries for their collaboration:
SEARCHING FOR THE TEXTS OF TREATIES
Authors: ROBERTS A.D.
Published: January 2008

IN the library of the United Nations at Lake Success we are often asked to find in print the texts of treaties and other international instruments. This kind of work is also important in many of the libraries of the foreign offices of national governments and in those of institutes for the study of international affairs. Occasional requests of this kind must also be received by many other libraries.
THE RAPID SELECTOR
Authors: SHAW RALPH R.
Published: January 2008

Introduction THE Rapid Selector is the culmination of many years of development and experimentation, in part directly connected with it, in part in the fields of organization of knowledge, electronics, mechanics, and other fields.
THE INDEX OF CHRISTIAN ART
Authors: BURKE WILLIAM L.M.
Published: January 2008

THE Index of Christian Art is a division of the Department of Art and Archaeology of Princeton University. The purpose of the index is to catalogue by subject and iconographic type all the published monuments and objects containing representations of Christian subjects dated before the year 1400.1 To this end two principal files are maintained, the Subject File and the Monuments or Photographic File. At the present time there are about 35,000 monuments and objects filed under more than 21,000 headings or titles, the whole consisting of more than 425,000 typed cards. These are illustrated in the Monuments File by more than 80,000 photographs.
FINE ARTS LIBRARIES AND COLLECTIONS IN BRITAIN
Authors: COLLISON R.L.
Published: January 2008

THE wealth of special and general libraries in Great Britain justifies the assertion that there are few serious inquiries which cannot be answered satisfactorily by one or other of them. In the field of fine arts Britain is especially strong and, although the majority of the great collections on this subject are concentrated in London, the existence of important art libraries—particularly on the subjects of textiles and ceramics—in the provinces must not be overlooked. Moreover, the sources of information on the fine arts comprise not only the special libraries and the appropriate departments of the university libraries but also the special departments of several great public libraries—such as the Hornby Collection at Liverpool—the private collections of experts such as the Raymond Mander and Joe Mitchenson Theatre Research Collection, and the information bureaux such as those maintained by trade organizations and by various foreign governments.
THE CATALOGUING OF LITERARY MANUSCRIPTS
Authors: COVENEY DOROTHY K.
Published: January 2008

Medievalists have such reason to be grateful to the makers of manuscript catalogues in the last half century that any criticism of the products of their labours must inevitably sound ungracious. M. l'Abbé Leroquais may deny that the cataloguer, engaged on work ‘so varied and rich in surprises’, needs our pity, but he is, after all, speaking of France, where such work is sponsored by the State. The British cataloguer, frequently prompted only by his own urge, defraying often the expenses of his visits to the collections, hampered by shortness of time and lack of funds both for the work and for publication, must be revered as a pioneer. He ploughs a lone furrow, frequently self‐taught.
THE STRUCTURE OF A CONNECTIVE INDEX
Authors: VICKERY B.C.
Published: January 2008

An index, as the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary puts it, is ‘that which serves to direct to a particular fact or conclusion’. Its first purpose is to indicate the existence and the location of every item of information in the field it is designed to cover. Its mission is to establish contact between searcher and information sought, exactly, exhaustively, and expeditiously.
SOME NOTES ON AMERICAN PRACTICE IN DOCUMENTATION
Authors: COBLANS HERBERT
Published: January 2008

The newer conception of the library as a documentation centre involves the librarian in communication which in our time has become inseparably linked with reproduction. This is a field in which there have been technical advances, revolutionary in their potentialities but still largely unrealized owing partly to their novelty and partly to the absence of adequate synthesis. The American scene is strewn with a large number of excellent scientific aids to learning, ranging from microfilm to microprint and minicopy, from hand‐sorted McBee cards to elaborate I.B.M. punched cards combined with micro‐film, from offset lithography of the printed page to the brilliant achievement of the Science and Technology Project of the Library of Congress in their Technical Information Pilot, from the Rapid Selector to Ultrafax. To what extent are these inventions and devices being used in practice and how far are they modifying traditional methods of documentation?
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON ARCHIVES
Authors: BORN LESTER K.
Published: January 2008

A relative new‐comer to international society in the era denominated by the late Alfred E. Smith of New York as ‘alphabet soup’ is the ICA—International Council on Archives or CIA—Conseil International des Archives.
CO‐OPERATION BETWEEN THE RESEARCH LIBRARIES OF COPENHAGEN
Authors: LARSEN KNUD
Published: January 2008

Co‐operation is an outstanding feature of Danish library policy.
THE NATIONAL DIET LIBRARY IN JAPAN
Authors: ICHIKAWA TAIJIRO
Published: January 2008

The National Diet Library is the product of post‐war Japan under the Occupation Policy. It was established in June 1948 with particular reference to the experience of the Congressional Library in the United States of America.
MICROPRINT: A REVOLUTION IN PRINTING
Authors: ERICKSON EDGAR L.
Published: January 2008

To date three processes of micro‐reproduction have been established by common usage: they are microfilm, microcard, and microprint. Because of its primacy in the field and its extensive use, the merits of microfilm are well known and will be dealt with in this discussion only incidentally by way of comparison.
READING HABITS IN THREE LONDON BOROUGHS
Authors: STUART A.
Published: January 2008

The sample survey on which this report is based was one of three undertaken in April and May 1950 by the Division of Research Techniques of the London School of Economics in co‐operation with the Government Social Survey and the British Institute of Public Opinion. The surveys were confined to the London boroughs of Bermondsey, Tottenham, and Wandsworth. Their primary purpose, which is discussed at length by Durbin and Stuart (1951) and Booker and David (1952), was to investigate the differences in quantity and quality of information collected by amateur and professional interviewers, working under similar conditions. Durbin and Stuart give full details of the design and analysis of the surveys.
PROPOSALS TOWARDS THE CATALOGUING OF GRAMOPHONE RECORDS IN A LIBRARY OF NATIONAL SCOPE
Authors: DEAN‐SMITH MARGARET
Published: January 2008

The following proposals for cataloguing are based upon the practical treatment of gramophone records, arrived at by experiment, test, and revision in the only library in England that can claim to be of national scope in the sense, mutatis mutandis, in which that term can be applied to the British Museum, that is, the British Broadcasting Corporation's Gramophone Library, and the illustrations have been provided from its catalogue by courtesy of the Corporation. Time, and a seven days a week service extended to all departments and locations of the B.B.C. have imposed a few modifications, but after ten years the general principles stand as they were evolved during the war, when demands of service were greater and more exacting than ever before, and they have been able to accommodate the greatest and most far‐reaching change in commercial‐record history—the invention of the slow‐speed, long‐playing record, which came upon the market only after the war was over.
BIBLIOGRAPHIE SÉLECTIVE DES GUIDES D'ARCHIVES
Authors: ROBERT‐HENRI BAUTIER M.
Published: January 2008

Avant‐propos sous les auspices de l'Institut international de Coopération intellectuelle, paraissait en 1934 le t. I, consacré à l'Europe, du Guide international des Archives. Le questionnaire envoyé à tous les États européens comportait sous les points 4 et 6 les questions suivantes: ‘Existe‐t‐il un guide général pour les diverses catégories d'Archives ou des guides particuliers pour l'une ou l'autre d'entre elles?’ et ‘Existe‐t‐il des catalogues imprimés, des publications tant officielles que privées, susceptibles de constituer un instrument complet de référence pour tout ou partie importante des fonds d'archives?’ Les réponses des divers pays à ces questions, malgré leur caractère très inégal, ont fait du Guide international un bon instrument d'information générale sur les Archives. Malheureusement les circonstances ont empêché la publication du volume consacré aux États non européens, tandis que le temps qui s'écoulait tendait à rendre périmés les renseignements fournis sur les Archives européennes.
ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE WORK IN A BANK
Authors: SMITH A.H.
Published: January 2008

Some time ago a meeting was called of members of Aslib with a view to the formation of an Economic Group on the lines of other ‘sectional’ activities which had already been pursued. The discussion unavoidably digressed into attempts to analyse the meaning of the term ‘economic’ and the dividing line which distinguishes ‘economic’ publications from commercial, scientific, or professional literature.
THE PREPARATION OF SUBJECT‐HEADING LISTS BY AUTOMATIC PUNCHED‐CARD TECHNIQUES
Authors: GARFIELD EUGENE
Published: January 2008

The uses of punched‐cards in documentation are already so varied as to confuse the potential user. Consequently, many organizations and individuals who could efficiently employ existing techniques are not aware of these possibilities. Even in the specialized problem of preparing subject‐heading lists various approaches are in use. The purpose of this paper is to outline the uses of punched‐cards in this special area.
A COMPARISON OF TWO ABSTRACTING SERVICES FOR SURGICAL LITERATURE, AND SOME FACTORS IN THE COMPARISON OF ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING SERVICES
Authors: NEELAMEGHAN A.
Published: January 2008

The suspension of some of the great German medical abstracting services during World War II and the keenly felt need for a comprehensive abstracting service in English, particularly for clinical medicine, brought about the establishment of Excerpta Medica as a non‐profit organization in 1947. Since its inception the service has expanded into several sections covering not only the usual divisions of clinical and preclinical medicine but also subjects like Cancer and Tuberculosis which are of present‐day interest and importance. Now that some of the German abstracting services have been revived there is apt to be some amount of duplication between them and Excerpta Medica, and the small library in particular has to evaluate them to get the best for the money or the most suitable for its purposes.
THE COMPACT STORAGE OF BOOKS: A STUDY OF METHODS AND EQUIPMENT
Authors: HILL F.J.
Published: January 2008

Lack of shelf room is no new problem to the librarian. In the past, relief for overcrowded shelves has traditionally been sought in the extension of existing buildings, or the construction of new ones. Where neither method could be adopted to provide for the normal growth of stocks or where accessions were unexpectedly and greatly augmented, for example by the receipt of a large collection of books, severe difficulties often resulted, and the annals of libraries refer often enough to material lying unshelved or housed in totally unsatisfactory quarters. Once the shelf had evolved from the book‐rests of the medieval library nearly four centuries were to pass before any further significant step was taken in storage methods.
THE LARGER INDEX
Authors: DE BEER E.S.
Published: January 2008

This paper was originally read to the Johnson Club on 8 October, 1954. At that time I had compiled the index to my edition of the Diary of John Evelyn (1955), but the printer had not yet started setting it up (I have also compiled two or three short indexes, for volumes of the Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research and so on). The paper is not a defence of, or apology for, or commendation of, courses adopted in the Evelyn index; my object was to discuss, as impartially as I could, aspects of indexing that interested me. I have not tried to compose a systematic treatise on the subject and, were I to recommend any particular courses in indexing, it would be as a user, not a maker, of indexes; my preferences, however, must emerge in the course of the paper and are embodied in the Evelyn index.
PRIVILEGE AND PUBLIC PROVISION IN THE INTELLECTUAL WELFARE STATE
Authors: KYLE BARBARA
Published: January 2008

Library Association Record, published as this paper was going to press, contains an article by R. H. Hill and S. P. L. Filon entitled The Incorporation of Special Libraries in the National Interlending System, in which a number of proposals is put forward; if these recommendations are generally approved they will make still more necessary some consideration of the assumptions and difficulties I discuss.
A DOMESDAY BOOK OF SCIENTIFIC PERIODICALS
Authors: URQUHART D.J.
Published: January 2008

The World list of scientific periodicals is almost a Domesday Book of scientific activity. Its silent pages record both the volume of world literature and the efforts which are being made to make it available in the United Kingdom. A comparison of the entries in the second (1934) and third (1952) editions provides some data as to how and to what extent the picture has changed between 1933 and 1950.
THOUGHTS ON COMMUNICATION
Authors: PATRICK MEREDITH G.
Published: January 2008

The following remarks were first addressed to a gathering of Information Officers at a conference organized by Aslib on 18 February, 1956. I took the opportunity to let my mind wander rather haphazardly over the problems of spreading knowledge. There are so many unsolved problems that a tidy and systematic account of the present state of the science of communication (if it can yet be called a science) is hard to formulate. On re‐reading my remarks I am appalled by the number of loose threads I have left dangling, but if they provoke someone else to tie them up they will have served some purpose. I hope in any case that my main thought is not obscure, viz. that knowledge is the nutrient fluid, the life‐blood of our civilization, and its free and vigorous circulation should be the concern of all men of good will.
THE MUSICAL INFORMATION SERVICES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM
Authors: HYATT KING A.
Published: January 2008

One afternoon, about twelve years ago, the telephone rang, and a strange voice said: ‘Hold on! I'm going to put on a gramophone record near the 'phone and I want you to listen and tell me what the tunes are: it's a potpourri of Johann Strauss waltzes.’ I fear I wasn't able to identify many of the tunes, and I only mention the episode as having been one of my earliest and certainly my most vividly remembered introduction to a practical aspect of the subject of this paper. Thirty years ago, these services as we know them today hardly existed. In any library, information services must depend very largely on catalogues and the way in which they have been compiled: so I propose to base most of my remarks on an outline of the growth of the British Museum's catalogues that bear on music, and to link this with an account of the kind of information we are asked for, and to show how we have tried to build up our knowledge in general and the catalogues in particular to meet this demand. I shall not say anything about the kind of information that can be provided simply by consulting Grove and other standard works of musical reference. I also want to try to show how ‘information’, widely interpreted in a well‐balanced national collection of music, could bring it to life in a novel way with immense possibilities. Finally, by way of introduction, I must emphasize that I am concerned solely with the Music Room, which forms a division of the Department of Printed Books. Information regarding the large collection of manuscript music which is in the Department of Manuscripts is the concern solely of that Department. But I may mention here that the Music Room does contain a good deal of manuscript material which forms an inseparable part of special collections such as the Queen's Music Library, the Hirsch Library, and the Library of the Madrigal Society. For information about these manuscripts the Music Room staff are responsible.
THE NATIONAL LENDING LIBRARY FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: URQUHART D.J.
Published: January 2008

D.S.I.R. has been charged with the planning of a national lending library for science and technology. The purpose of this library will be to help users of scientific literature and bibliographical organizations to obtain the literature which is not available locally. The library will take over from the Science Museum Library the responsibility for providing a lending service and it will also take over from that library some of its literature. The new library will be located outside the London Area and will aim at providing a postal lending service for all types of organizations.
CORPORATE AUTHORS AND THE CATALOGUING OF OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS
Authors: RUYSSEN YVONNE , HONORÉ SUZANNE , FUDAKOWSKA ELIZABETH
Published: January 2008

Until recent years in French libraries works emanating from or sponsored by a corporate body were considered anonymous and catalogued as such. And yet, how many librarians working in research libraries could have felt entirely satisfied with this method? Who has not heard readers' complaints and criticisms on the subject? How many of us have not attempted to remedy this by more or less empirical solutions? For works of this kind, indeed, the strict rule of entering anonymous works under the first word of the title often appeared absurd and liable to prevent the reader from finding them. How could a research worker find in the alphabetical author and title catalogue of a university library a given collective publication issued by a research laboratory well known to specialists, if the title‐page of the publication happened to begin with neither the name of the laboratory, nor with the title of the treatise or report in question?
SYSTEMS FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
Authors: Anthony L.J.
Published: January 2008

The Symposium on Systems for Information Retrieval was held in Cleveland, Ohio, from 15 to 17 April, 1957 under the sponsorship of the School of Library Science, Western Reserve University, and the Council on Documentation Research.
NOTATIONAL SYMBOLS IN CLASSIFICATION PART IV: ORDINAL VALUES OF SYMBOLS
Authors: VICKERY B.C.
Published: January 2008

In preceding papers in this series, it has been shown that the symbols used in classificatory notation are of several kinds. They serve different functions—some represent scheduled classificatory terms, some are ‘signposts’ specifying the nature of the symbols which follow them, others are simply ‘fences’ separating consecutive term symbols, and yet others are relational particles. Again, symbols serving the same function may have different structures—they may be flexions or isolates, so that the notation for scheduled terms may be ‘hierarchical’ or ‘ordinal’.
THE EUROPEAN UNION CATALOGUE PROJECT
Authors: BESTERMAN THEODORE
Published: January 2008

I am personally convinced that in due course a European union catalogue will come into being—and indeed I believe that the matter is now again under discussion. It may therefore be useful (or at least historically interesting) to give some account of the abortive and almost wholly unknown project for which I was responsible ten years ago.
SOME FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS ON THE APPLICATION TO SOCIAL SCIENCE MATERIAL OF UP‐TO‐DATE METHODS OF BIBLIO‐GRAPHICAL CONTROL AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
Authors: Kyle Barbara
Published: January 2008

Need for register of research in documentation.
NOTATIONAL SYMBOLS IN CLASSIFICATION PART V: SIGNPOSTED AND RETROACTIVE NOTATION, AND PART VI: PRONOUNCEABLE RETROACTIVE ORDINAL NOTATION
Authors: VICKERY B.C.
Published: January 2008

In Part III of this series, some calculations were given showing that under certain circumstances retroactive notation gives shorter symbols for compound subjects than does the use of facet signposts. In the present paper these calculations are extended and generalized.
STATISTICAL COMPARISON OF BRITISH MUSEUM AND LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUES
Authors: Chaplin A.H.
Published: January 2008

Early in 1957 a comparison was made in the British Museum between the British Museum General Catalogue of Printed Books (G.K. II) and the Library of Congress Catalogue of Printed Cards, on the basis of a small sample from each catalogue.
STANDARDIZATION IN FILM CATALOGUING
Authors: GRENFELL DAVID
Published: January 2008

There are various types of film libraries. The majority exist to serve the needs of a parent organization—either a producing company, a Government department, or a television authority. Including the national libraries, who are concerned primarily with the preservation of their material, all are prepared to supply material to outside film‐making organizations subject to certain conditions. All, too, are concerned with the lending or distribution of show copies.
LISTS OF SOVIET PERIODICALS: A REVIEW
Authors: BEYERLY ELIZABETH
Published: January 2008

Recently a number of important reference works have been contributed by Soviet librarians. Among them rank high the long‐awaited lists of Soviet periodicals. The All‐Union Book Chamber (Vsesoyuznaya Knizhnaya Palata) has been gathering information on Soviet periodicals for the period 1917–45; between 1950 and 1952 this was recorded alphabetically by journal titles only on cards and was available to only a very few Soviet libraries but, beginning with 1955, the All‐Union Book Chamber undertook the publication of printed volumes containing much of this information. The collective title for the printed volume reads:
INTERNATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHICAL WORK: SOME THOUGHTS ON TWO UNESCO REPORTS
Authors: Coblans Herbert
Published: January 2008

Subject bibliography is by implication international; the ideal of universality has in fact been the cause of many expensive failures in this field. In the natural sciences where subject concepts are on the whole fairly well defined there is no limitation by country or language. Bulletin signalétique or the Referativnyi zhurnal, although national publications directly subsidized by the government concerned, each in its own way aims at abstracting the whole literature of the world. The extent to which they do not do this completely and promptly is a measure of the problem. In the humanities and the social sciences ‘conceptual scatter’ greatly increases the difficulty of achieving full coverage and thus bibliographies tend to include mainly the publications in a defined cultural region or in countries with a common language.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL: A VIEW FROM THE REFERENCE DESK
Authors: FRANCILLON MARY
Published: January 2008

Information retrieval is a new name for an old problem, and a new name may emphasize new elements to the neglect of the old. Information, whether defined as transferable knowledge, or the records of such knowledge, is expanding so rapidly in content and quantity as to make it in effect a new element. Here we use the term ‘information’ to mean both the documents and their contents; both have dramatic new dimensions. The effort to keep up with the accelerating output of information has required the development of new methods and patterns in retrieval systems. The retrieval of information, in our meaning here, may involve locating a fact or locating a document; in either case there are new approaches and new tools available and necessary.
INTERLIBRARY LOANS IN BRITISH UNIVERSITIES
Authors: MACKENZIE A.G.
Published: January 2008

The problems of interlibrary loans will always be with us; even in the past, no university could afford to buy or store all the material which its members might require, and with the present ever‐increasing amount of print and near‐print which is flowing from the presses of the world, the learned institutions might well be forgiven if they were to throw up their collective hands in despair. But whatever the future may hold, it has not yet come to that, and the don or research student still finds that even when his own library's resources are exhausted only one request in twenty which he may make through an interlibrary loan scheme is not eventually fulfilled [App. 3, Tab. 1].
LACK OF INDEXES IN REPORTS OF CONFERENCES
Authors: HANSON C.W. , JANES MARIAN
Published: January 2008

Are the reports of scientific and technical conferences and symposia commonly published without indexes? An irritated chief chemist asked this question of Aslib, provided some examples of unindexed publications of this type, expressed his dissatisfaction with the position, and asked what was being done about it. The Research Department judged it to be of sufficient importance to justify a limited investigation to establish the facts. The investigation was carried out by the second author.
THE RUSSIAN TRANSCRIPTION OF CHINESE NAMES
Authors: ALLEN C.G.
Published: January 2008

The Communist revolution in China has led to the appearance in this country of increasing numbers of Chinese books in Russian translation. The Chinese names in Cyrillic transcription have presented many librarians and students with a new problem, that of identifying the Cyrillic form of a name with the customary Wade‐Giles transcription. The average cataloguer, the first to meet the problem, has two obvious lines of action, and neither is satisfactory. He can save up the names until he has a chance to consult an expert in Chinese. Apart altogether from the delay, the expert, confronted with a few isolated names, might simply reply that he could do nothing without the Chinese characters, and it is only rarely that Soviet books supply them. Alternatively, he can transliterate the Cyrillic letters according to the system in use in his library and leave the matter there for fear of making bad worse. As long as the writers are not well known, he may feel only faintly uneasy; but the appearance of Chzhou Ėn‐lai (or Čžou En‐laj) upsets his equanimity. Obviously this must be entered under Chou; and we must have Mao Tse‐tung and not Mao Tsze‐dun, Ch'en Po‐ta and not Chėn' Bo‐da. But what happens when we have another . . . We can hardly write Ch'en unless we know how to represent the remaining elements in the name; yet we are loth to write Ch'en in one name and Chėn' in another.
THESAURUS — A NEW WORD IN DOCUMENTATION
Authors: VICKERY B.C.
Published: January 2008

‘Thesaurus’ comes from the Greek—a storehouse or treasury. The Shorter Oxford English dictionary gives 1736 for the English usage ‘a treasury or storehouse of knowledge, as a dictionary, encyclopaedia or the like’. In 1852, Peter Mark Roget published his Thesaurus of English words and phrases: ‘a collection … arranged, not in alphabetical order as they are in a dictionary, but according to the ideas which they express… The object aimed at is, the idea being given, to find the word, or words, by which that idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed.’ All who write English have heard of this thesaurus.