bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Nanometric Colloidal Sols of CeO2—ZrO2 Solid Solution as Catalyst Modifiers. Part 1. Preparation and Structure.
Authors: Tanimoto Kenji , Kato Hirokazu , Hidaka Miyuki , Hinokuma Satoshi , Ikeue Keita , Machida Masato
Published: July 2014

Nanometric colloidal sols of CeO2, ZrO2, and CeO2—ZrO2 are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous solutions containing (Me4N)2CO3, ZrO(CO3), or/and Ce2(CO3)3 (autoclave, 140 °C, 3—6 h, yields given in mass%).
ChemInform Abstract: RENi9In2 (RE = Rare‐Earth Metal): Crystal Chemistry, Hydrogen Absorption, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Bigun Inna , Dzevenko Mariya , Havela Ladislav , Kalychak Yaroslav
Published: July 2014

LnNi9In2 compounds with Ln: La—Nd, Sm—Er are prepared from the elements by arc melting followed by annealing at 970 K for one week.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intermolecular Heck Reaction of Aryl Halides.
Authors: Wu Chunlin , Zhou Jianrong
Published: July 2014

Small amounts of olefinic isomers are detected as byproducts in these reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Retro Grignard Addition Reaction Revisited: The Reversible Addition of Benzyl Reagents to Ketones.
Authors: Christensen Stig Holden , Holm Torkil , Madsen Robert
Published: July 2014

It is demonstrated that the Grignard addition with benzylmagnesium reagents is a reversible process.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of cis‐Aminocyclopentenols, Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry.
Authors: Zaed Ahmed M. , Grafton Mark W. , Ahmad Sajjad , Sutherland Andrew
Published: July 2014

A rapid, relatively mild, and highly efficient one‐pot multistep process is developed for the preparation of (R)‐ and (S)‐aminocyclopenta‐2‐enes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Microwave‐Assisted Three‐Component Synthesis of Arylaminomethyl Acetylenes: A Facile Access to Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Jiang Yubo , Huang Shaojun
Published: July 2014

The microwave‐assisted copper‐catalyzed reaction of propargyl bromides and chlorides with arylboronic acids and ammonia in water affords the title products (III) in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed S‐Arylation of Tetramethylguanidine—Heterocumulene Adducts.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Nematpour Manijeh , Damghani Tahereh
Published: July 2014

A facile one‐pot protocol is developed for the reaction of tetramethylguanidine with isothiocyanates or carbon disulfide and subsequent S‐arylation of the resulting intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II) Complexes Featuring Bidentate Pyridine—Triazole Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Activities for Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Jindabot Sudarat , Teerachanan Kriengkamol , Thongkam Pech , Kiatisevi Supavadee , Khamnaen Tossapol , Phiriyawirut Phairat , Charoenchaidet Sumate , Sooksimuang Thanasat , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Sangtrirutnugul Preeyanuch
Published: July 2014

Three new palladium catalysts bearing a triazole and a pyridine moiety are synthesized and characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Access to 2‐Phosphonothiophenes.
Authors: Cal Dariusz
Published: July 2014

The synthesis of the title species from β‐chloroacroleins and mercaptomethylphosphonate proceeds via an aldehyde intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Strategy for the Catalytic, Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Indolizidine‐Based Alkaloids.
Authors: Abels Falko , Lindemann Chris , Schneider Christoph
Published: July 2014

The presented organocatalytic, highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective vinylogous Mukaiyama‐Mannich reaction is the key step for the title strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles Featuring Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Functionalized Pendant Arms
Authors: Mendoza‐Espinosa Daniel , Negron‐Silva Guillermo , Lomas‐Romero Leticia , Gutierrez‐Carrillo Atilano , Santillan Rosa
Published: July 2014

via click chemistry
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of H‐Tetrazoles with Boronic Acids and an Insight into the Reaction Mechanism.
Authors: Liu Chao‐You , Li Yu , Ding Jin‐Ying , Dong De‐Wen , Han Fu‐She
Published: July 2014

The development of an efficient and practical protocol for the regioselective direct C—N coupling of H‐tetrazoles and boronic acids is presented and mechanistic implications are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Isoquinolines and Indenes from Benzylidenehydrazones and Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Cheng , Yang Xu‐Heng , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: July 2014

The presented selective title reaction affords a broad scope of indenes and benzylidenehydrazones in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Au(I)—N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1‐Substituted Benzo[b][1,4]diazepines from N‐Substituted O‐Phenylenediamines and Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Guo Pei , Zeng Xiaoming , Chen Si , Luo Meiming
Published: July 2014

A simple procedure is developed to synthesize benzo[b][1,4]diazepines from o‐phenylenediamine derivatives and terminal alkynes using a Au(I)‐NHC‐complex‐catalyzed hydroamination/cyclization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydrosilation of CO2 to a Bis(silylacetal) Using an Anilido Bipyridyl‐Ligated Organoscandium Catalyst.
Authors: LeBlanc Francis A. , Piers Warren E. , Parvez Masood
Published: July 2014

Mechanistic experiments suggest that the sequestration of free tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane by the hemilabile carboxylate contributes to the selectivity observed and prevents over reduction to methane.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Revision of Cephalosporolide J and Bassianolone.
Authors: Song Liyan , Lee Ka‐Ho , Lin Zhenyang , Tong Rongbiao
Published: July 2014

The title compounds and cephalosporolide C (I) show identical NMR spectra.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Dimensional Self‐Supported Metal Oxides for Advanced Energy Storage
Authors: Ellis Brian L. , Knauth Philippe , Djenizian Thierry
Published: July 2014

Review: 258 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Donor—Acceptor Chemistry in the Main Group
Authors: Rivard Eric
Published: July 2014

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallocyclodextrins: Combining Cavitands with Metal Centres
Authors: Gramage‐Doria Rafael
Published: July 2014

Review: 6 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Application of Serine/Threonine Ligation for Synthetic Protein Chemistry
Authors: Liu Han , Li Xuechen
Published: July 2014

Review: [25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Far‐Red and Near Infrared BODIPY Dyes: Synthesis and Applications for Fluorescent pH Probes and Bio‐Imaging
Authors: Ni Yong , Wu Jishan
Published: July 2014

Review: [79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Sulfoxides as Building Blocks for Enantiopure 1,3‐Diol Precursors in the Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Bauder Claude , Martinez Jean , Salom‐Roig Xavier J.
Published: July 2014

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Main Group and Transition Metal‐Mediated Phosphaalkyne Oligomerizations
Authors: Chirila Andrei , Wolf Robert , Chris Slootweg J. , Lammertsma Koop
Published: July 2014

Review: 251 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4‐Dibenzyltetrahydrofuran Lignans (9,9′‐Epoxylignanes)
Authors: Pohjoispaa Monika , Wahala Kristiina
Published: July 2014

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Surfaces Modified by a Calix[4]arene Monolayer: Chemical and Spatial Control at the Molecular Scale
Authors: Mattiuzzi Alice , Jabin Ivan , Reinaud Olivia , Hapiot Philippe , Lagrost Corinne
Published: July 2014

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dendritic Light‐Harvesting Antennas with Excitation Energy Gradients
Authors: Kozaki Masatoshi , Suzuki Shuichi , Okada Keiji
Published: July 2014

Review: [24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Functionalization of Aromatic Rings on Platinum‐Loaded Titanium Oxide Photocatalyst
Authors: Yuzawa Hayato , Yoshida Hisao
Published: July 2014

Review: [37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Stress Management of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Neural Network Predictive Control
Authors: Hajimolana S. A. , Tonekabonimoghadam S. M. , Hussain M. A. , Chakrabarti M. H. , Jayakumar N. S. , Hashim M. A.
Published: July 2014

Review: 53 refs.
Rate of Carbon Storage in Soil of Natural and Degraded Mangrove Forest in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Hemati Zhila , Hossain Mahmood , Emenike Chijioke U. , Rozainah Mohamad Zakaria
Published: July 2014

The rate of economic advancement in developing countries is gradually becoming antagonistic to environmental protection and to this end mangrove forests are gradually disappearing. Such development potentially adds to the pain experienced from global warming. Mangrove forest protection is necessary consequent upon the evidence of its carbon sequestration potentials. Hence, this study aimed to document the carbon storage rate in the soil of Peninsular Malaysia as it relates both natural and degraded mangrove areas. While the study areas were characterized of their associated trees/plant species distribution, 18 sampling spots were used in each area for the study. Both study areas showed high organic carbon content across three climate periods: dry, wet, and intermediate seasons. However, both organic carbon content and carbon storage rate were more pronounced during the dry season. Despite the degraded nature of the Sungai Haji Dorani mangrove forest, its total carbon value of 25.26 kg C m−2 was higher compared with that found in Kuala Selangor, a natural mangrove forest (22.61 kg C m−2). The climate period plays a significant role in the accumulation of organic matter and carbon content of the mangrove forest in Malaysia which is a reflection of a significant carbon sequestration potential.
Human heart conjugate cooling simulation: Unsteady thermo‐fluid‐stress analysis
Authors: Abdoli Abas , Dulikravich George S. , Bajaj Chandrajit , Stowe David F. , Jahania M. Salik
Published: July 2014

The main objective of this work was to demonstrate computationally that realistic human hearts can be cooled much faster by performing conjugate heat transfer consisting of pumping a cold liquid through the cardiac chambers and major veins while keeping the heart submerged in cold gelatin filling a cooling container. The human heart geometry used for simulations was obtained from three‐dimensional, high resolution CT‐angio scans. Two fluid flow domains for the right (pulmonic) and left (systemic) heart circulations, and two solid domains for the heart tissue and gelatin solution were defined for multi‐domain numerical simulation. Detailed unsteady temperature fields within the heart tissue were calculated during the conjugate cooling process. A linear thermoelasticity analysis was performed to assess the stresses applied on the heart due to the coolant fluid shear and normal forces and to examine the thermal stress caused by temperature variation inside the heart. It was demonstrated that a conjugate cooling effort with coolant temperature at +4°C is capable of reducing the average heart temperature from +37°C to +8°C in 25 minutes for cases in which the coolant was steadily pumped only through major heart inlet veins and cavities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical Study on Experimentally Detected Sc2S@C84
Authors: Zhao Chong , Lei Dan , Gan Li‐Hua , Zhang Zhu‐Xia , Wang Chun‐Ru
Published: July 2014

Sc2S@C84 has recently been detected but not structurally characterized.1 Density functional theory calculations on C84 and Sc2S@C84 show that the favored isomer of Sc2S@C84 shares the same parent cage as Sc2C2@C84, whereas Sc2S@C84:51383, which violates the isolated‐pentagon rule, is the second lowest energy isomer with the widest HOMO–LUMO gap and shows high kinetic stability. The analysis shows that Sc2S@C84:51575 is favored when the temperature exceeds 2 800 K and it can transform into the most favorable isomer Sc2S@C84:51591. Molecular orbital analysis indicates that both Sc2S and Sc2C2 formally transfer four electrons to the cage, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis demonstrates that there is a covalent interaction between Sc2S and C84:51591. The IR spectra of Sc2S@C84 are provided to aid future structural identification.
B12‐TiO2 Hybrid Catalyst for Light‐Driven Hydrogen Production and Hydrogenation of CC Multiple Bonds
Authors: Shimakoshi Hisashi , Hisaeda Yoshio
Published: July 2014

The B12‐TiO2 hybrid catalyst mediates H2O reduction to form hydrogen under UV irradiation (turnover number of one per hour). The catalyst also mediates reductions of alkenes such as styrene derivatives and alkylacrylates (maximum turnover number of 100 per hour) under mild conditions of room temperature, ordinary pressure, and water or alcohol as solvent.
A Ratiometric Tetrazolylpyridine‐Based “Turn‐On” Fluorescent Chemosensor for Zinc(II) Ion in Aqueous Media
Authors: Kaleeswaran Palanichamy , Azath Ismail Abulkalam , Tharmaraj Vairaperumal , Pitchumani Kasi
Published: July 2014

The highly selective ratiometric “turn‐on” fluorescent sensing of Zn2+ ion involving 2‐(1H‐tetrazole‐5‐yl)pyridine (2PT) in aqueous medium is reported, which is not observed when other metal ions are present. Upon 2PT binding selectively with Zn2+ ion, a fluorescence enhancement is observed that is attributed to an enhancement of localized emission and suppression of excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer. The described sensing system involving 2PT is also successfully applied to the detection of Zn2+ ion in real samples with a detection limit of 7.5×10−7 M.
Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core–Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Yoon Sung‐June , Myung Seung‐Taek , Noh Hyung‐Joo , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil , Sun Yang‐Kook
Published: July 2014

The structure, electrochemistry, and thermal stability of concentration gradient core–shell (CGCS) particles with different shell morphologies were evaluated and compared. We modified the shell morphology from nanoparticles to nanorods, because nanorods can result in a reduced surface area of the shell such that the outer shell would have less contact with the corrosive electrolyte, resulting in improved electrochemical properties. Electron microscopy studies coupled with electron probe X‐ray micro‐analysis revealed the presence of a concentration gradient shell consisting of nanoparticles and nanorods before and after thermal lithiation at high temperature. Rietveld refinement of the X‐ray diffraction data and the chemical analysis results showed no variations of the lattice parameters and chemical compositions of both produced CGCS particles except for the degree of cation mixing (or exchange) in Li and transition metal layers. As anticipated, the dense nanorods present in the shell gave rise to a high tap density (2.5 g cm−3) with a reduced pore volume and surface area. Intimate contact among the nanorods is likely to improve the resulting electric conductivity. As a result, the CGCS Li[Ni0.60Co0.15Mn0.25]O2 with the nanorod shell retained approximately 85.5 % of its initial capacity over 150 cycles in the range of 2.7–4.5 V at 60 °C. The charged electrode consisting of Li0.16[Ni0.60Co0.15Mn0.25]O2 CGCS particles with the nanorod shell also displayed a main exothermic reaction at 279.4 °C releasing 751.7 J g−1 of heat. Due to the presence of the nanorod shell in the CGCS particles, the electrochemical and thermal properties are substantially superior to those of the CGCS particles with the nanoparticle shell.
Effect of soy isoflavones on the growth of human breast tumors: findings from preclinical studies
Authors: Kwon Youngjoo
Published: July 2014

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, and many women with breast cancer live more than 5 years after their diagnosis. Breast cancer patients and survivors have a greater interest in taking soy foods and isoflavone supplements. However, the effect of isoflavones on breast cancer remains controversial. Thus, it is critical to determine if and when isoflavones are beneficial or detrimental to breast cancer patients. According to the available preclinical data, high concentrations of isoflavones inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells, regardless of their estrogen receptor (ER) status. In comparison, genistein, a major isoflavone, has stimulated tumor growth at low concentrations and mitigated tamoxifen efficacy in ER‐positive breast cancer. Studies have indicated that the relative levels of genistein and estrogen at the target site are important to determine the genistein effect on the ER‐positive tumor growth. However, studies using ovariectomized mice and subcutaneous xenograft models might not truly reflect estrogen concentrations in human breast tumors. Moreover, it may be an oversimplification that isoflavones stimulate hormone‐dependent tumor growth due to their potential estrogenic effect since studies also suggest nonestrogenic anticancer effects of isoflavones and ER‐independent anticancer activity of tamoxifen. Therefore, the concentrations of isoflavones and estrogen in human breast tumors should be considered better in future preclinical studies and the parameters that can estimate those levels in breast tumors are required in human clinical/epidemiological investigation. In addition, it will be important to identify the molecular mechanisms that either inhibit or promote the growth of breast cancer cells by soy isoflavones, and use those molecules to evaluate the relevance of the preclinical findings to the human disease and to predict the health effects of isoflavones in human breast tumors.
Dynamics and Cellular Localization of Bmp2, Bmp4, and Noggin Transcription in the Postnatal Mouse Skeleton
Authors: Pregizer Steven K , Mortlock Douglas P
Published: July 2014

Transcription of BMPs and their antagonists in precise spatiotemporal patterns is essential for proper skeletal development, maturation, maintenance, and repair. Nevertheless, transcriptional activity of these molecules in skeletal tissues beyond embryogenesis has not been well characterized. In this study, we used several transgenic reporter mouse lines to define the transcriptional activity of two potent BMP ligands, Bmp2 and Bmp4, and their antagonist, Noggin, in the postnatal skeleton. At 3 to 4 weeks of age, Bmp4 and Noggin reporter activity was readily apparent in most cells of the osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages, respectively, whereas Bmp2 reporter activity was strongest in terminally differentiated cells of both lineages. By 5 to 6 months, activity of the reporters had generally abated; however, the Noggin and Bmp2 reporters remained remarkably active in articular chondrocytes and persisted there indefinitely. We further found that endogenous Bmp2, Bmp4, and Noggin transcript levels in postnatal bone and cartilage mirrored the activity of their respective reporters in these tissues. Finally, we found that the activity of the Bmp2, Bmp4, and Noggin reporters in bone and cartilage at 3 to 4 weeks could be recapitulated in both osteogenic and chondrogenic culture models. These results reveal that Bmp2, Bmp4, and Noggin transcription persists to varying degrees in skeletal tissues postnatally, with each gene exhibiting its own cell type–specific pattern of activity. Illuminating these patterns and their dynamics will guide future studies aimed at elucidating both the causes and consequences of aberrant BMP signaling in the postnatal skeleton. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Multi‐parametric (mp) MRI of prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Coffey Niamh , Schieda Nicola , Cron Greg , Gulavita Previn , Mai Kien T , Flood Trevor A.
Published: July 2014

Background

Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (DCa) is an aggressive variant of conventional adenocarcinoma (CCa) with mixed DCa and CCa tumors comprising up to 5% of all prostate cancers. DCa may be underestimated on T2‐weighted (T2W) MRI. This study assessed the mp‐MRI appearance of DCa as compared with CCa.

Methods

With research ethics board approval, we identified 38 patients who underwent mp‐MRI (T2W, DWI, and DCE) and radical prostatectomy (RP) between 2012 and 2014. Eight DCa in 8 patients and 39 CCa tumor foci in 30 consecutive patients were identified.

Tumor volume, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC;10−3 mm2 /s), and time‐signal intensity (SI) curves were calculated. Parametric data were compared using the Kruskal‐Wallis test and univariate regression. Time‐SI curves were compared using the chi‐square test.

Results

Tumor volumes were: 1.62(±1.02) for DCa, 1.03(±0.54) for Gleason 9, 0.88(±0.93) for Gleason 7/8, and 0.26(±0.14) mL for Gleason 6. There was no difference in size between DCa and Gleason 9 (P = 0.22); however, DCa were larger than Gleason 7/8 (P = 0.03) and Gleason 6 (P = 0.003) tumors. ADC values were: 0.789(±0.22) for DCa, 1.01(±0.19) for Gleason 9, 0.992(±0.23) for Gleason 7/8 and 1.389(±0.41) 10−3 mm2 /s for Gleason 6 tumors. There was no difference in ADC between DCa and Gleason 9 (P = 0.14) or Gleason 7/8 (P = 0.055) tumors. There was a difference in ADC for DCa and Gleason ≥7 CCa compared to Gleason 6 tumors, (P < 0.001 and P = 0.012). All DCa demonstrated type III time‐SI curves. Gleason ≥ 7 tumors demonstrated type II/III curves. Gleason 6 tumors demonstrated Type I/II time‐SI curves. There was no difference in curve type between groups, (P = 0.18).

Conclusion

Although DCa mimics Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 tumor at T2W MRI; DCa resembles Gleason ≥7 CCa on mp‐MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1639–1645. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attitudes toward professionalism education in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery residency programs
Authors: Nichols Brent G. , Stadler Michael E. , Poetker David M.
Published: July 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

Resident professionalism development is important for physician training and patient care. Meaningful professionalism curriculum requires collaboration between learners and educators. We aimed to better understand attitudes of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) program directors (PDs) and residents toward professionalism education.

Study Design

Prospective survey.

Methods

We identified contemporary methods of professionalism evaluation and education and formulated questions to assess attitudes toward professionalism education. Surveys were electronically distributed to 104 PDs who were asked to forward a separate survey to residents.

Results

The resident survey was completed by 110 OHNS residents, and the PD survey was completed by 33 OHNS PDs. The majority of residents (78%) and faculty (84%) believed professionalism could be taught. Role modeling (93%) and morbidity and mortality conference (90%) were the most common methods of education. Faculty questionnaires (100%) and nursing/ancillary staff questionnaires (93%) were the most common methods of resident evaluation. The majority of residents considered faculty mentoring (66%) and small group discussions (56%) to be useful methods for teaching professionalism, whereas only 14% considered formal lectures useful. Residents valued questionnaires by faculty (98%), medical staff (97%), and patients (94%) for professionalism evaluation.

Conclusion

We are the first to study OHNS residents and PDs attitudes toward professionalism evaluation and education. Residents value mentoring programs and small group sessions rather than formal didactics and value evaluation from multiple sources. Programs should consider incorporating these specific educational and evaluative methods into their professionalism curricula.

Level of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 125:348–353, 2015
Mimicking natural oil bodies for stabilising oil‐in‐water food emulsions
Authors: Wijesundera Chakra , Shen Zhiping
Published: July 2014

This paper describes a novel technique which has the potential to prevent lipid oxidation in food emulsions. This new technology emulates how nature prevents oxidative deterioration of oil within oilseeds via specific structural units called oil bodies. Oleosin, a key protein providing structural integrity and stability to natural oil bodies, was extracted from industrial canola meal and used to prepare structured oil bodies from tuna oil in combination with phospholipids. The oil bodies structured in this manner readily disperse in water, do not coalesce during storage, and withstand standard commercial conditions of pasteurisation. More importantly, they have excellent oxidative stability. Stabilisation of highly unsaturated oils via structured oil bodies is a technique that has the potential to be developed as an alternative to conventional methods such as stabilisation by addition of antioxidants and microencapsulation.
Observation of a Less Stable Conformer of N,N′‐Piperazine‐bis(methylenephosphonate) Ligand in a Six‐coordinated ­Samarium Phosphonate Framework
Authors: Li Xinfa
Published: July 2014

The three‐dimensional (3D) samarium phosphonate framework [Sm2(H2L)3]n·5n(H2O) (1) [H4L = N,N′‐piperazine‐bis(methylenephosphonic acid)] was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Sm2O3 with N,N′‐piperazine‐bis(methylenephosphonic acid) hydrochloride in the presence of glutaric acid. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that it has a 3D open framework structure with helical channels along the crystallographic c axis. The channels are filled up by discrete pentameric water clusters, which are hydrogen‐bonded to the host. Compound 1 displays two interesting structural features: (a) two of three H2L2– ligands adopt the less stable a,e‐cis conformation; (b) both of the SmIII ions exhibit rather unusual octahedral coordination arrangements. In addition, the photoluminescent property was investigated.
Searching for behavioral indicators of welfare in zoos: Uncovering anticipatory behavior
Authors: Watters Jason V.
Published: July 2014

A current focus of zoo‐based research aims to identify indicators of animal welfare. Reliable behavioral indicators of welfare are highly desirable as behavioral observation is non invasive and requires little in the way of specialized equipment and other costly resources—save for observer time. Anticipatory behavior is an indicator of an animal's sensitivity to reward and as such, it is a real‐time indicator of animals' own perceptions of their well‐being. In fact, anticipatory behavior may generate a positive affective state and thus be at least a brief manifestation of good welfare itself. The husbandry conditions of most captive animals are such that food acquisition and other positive outcomes are highly scheduled and easily signaled. These conditions promote the development of anticipatory behavior, yet little research has either documented or interpreted this behavior in zoo and aquarium animals. This commentary suggests that anticipatory behavior could be a useful tool for assessing welfare and calls upon zoo and aquarium researchers to begin to develop this tool by describing the behavior and the circumstances that lead to its modulation. Zoo Biol. 33:251–256, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Marital Disruption and Health Insurance
Authors: Peters H. Elizabeth , Simon Kosali , Taber Jamie Rubenstein
Published: July 2014

Despite the high levels of marital disruption in the United States and the fact that a significant portion of health insurance coverage for those less than age 65 is based on family membership, surprisingly little research is available on the consequences of marital disruption for the health insurance coverage of men, women, and children. We address this shortfall by examining patterns of coverage surrounding marital disruption for men, women, and children, further subset by educational level. Using the 1996, 2001, and 2004 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), we find large differences in health insurance coverage across marital status groups in the cross-section. In longitudinal analyses that focus on within-person change, we find small overall coverage changes but large changes in type of coverage following marital disruption. Both men and women show increases in private coverage in their own names, but offsetting decreases in dependent coverage tend to be larger. One surprising result is that dependent coverage for children also declines after marital dissolution, even though children are still likely to be eligible for that coverage. Children and (to a lesser extent) women show increases in public coverage around the time of divorce or separation. We also find that these patterns differ by education. The most vulnerable group appears to be lower-educated women with children because the increases in private, own-name, and public insurance are not large enough to offset the large decrease in dependent coverage. As the United States implements federal health reform, it is critical that we understand the ways in which life course events—specifically, marital disruption—shape the dynamic patterns of coverage.
Species differences in bacterial NhaA Na+/H+ exchangers
Authors: Călinescu Octavian , Danner Eva , Böhm Marc , Hunte Carola , Fendler Klaus
Published: July 2014

Bacteria have adapted their NhaA Na+/H+ exchangers responsible for salt homeostasis to their different habitats. We present an electrophysiological and kinetic analysis of NhaA from Helicobacter pylori and compare it to the previously investigated exchangers from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Properties of all three transporters are described by a simple model using a single binding site for H+ and Na+. We show that H. pylori NhaA only has a small acidic shift of its pH‐dependent activity profile compared to the other transporters and discuss why a more drastic change in its pH activity profile is not physiologically required.
Li–Yorke chaos in linear dynamics
Authors: BERNARDES N. C. , BONILLA A. , MÜLLER V. , PERIS A.
Published: July 2014

We obtain new characterizations of Li–Yorke chaos for linear operators on Banach and Fréchet spaces. We also offer conditions under which an operator admits a dense set or linear manifold of irregular vectors. Some of our general results are applied to composition operators and adjoint multipliers on spaces of holomorphic functions.
Optimal streaks in the circular cylinder wake and suppression of the global instability
Authors: Del Guercio Gerardo , Cossu Carlo , Pujals Gregory
Published: July 2014

The steady, spanwise-periodic, symmetric (varicose) optimal blowing and suction that maximizes energy amplification in the circular cylinder wake is computed at Reynolds numbers ranging from 50 to 100. It is found that the cylinder wake can sustain large energy amplifications that are associated with the generation by the optimal blowing and suction of streamwise vortices near the cylinder, which then induce the transient spatial growth of high-energy streamwise streaks further downstream. The most amplified perturbations have spanwise wavelengths ranging from five to seven times the cylinder diameter at the Reynolds numbers considered, with the corresponding optimal streaks reaching their maximum amplitude in the near wake, inside the pocket of absolute instability which sustains the global instability. The optimal blowing and suction is shown to stabilize the global linear instability. The most stabilizing spanwise wavelengths are in good agreement with previous findings. The amplitude of optimal blowing and suction required to suppress the global instability decreases when the Reynolds number $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathit{Re}$ is increased from 75 to 100. This trend reveals the key role played by the non-normal amplification of the streaks in the stabilization process, which is able to overcome the increase of the uncontrolled global growth rate with $\mathit{Re}$. Finally, it is shown that the global instability can be suppressed with control amplitudes smaller than those required by 2-D (spanwise-uniform) control. This result is not what would be expected from first-order sensitivity analyses, which predict a zero sensitivity of the global instability to spanwise-periodic control and, in general, a non-zero sensitivity to spanwise-uniform control.
Sceptical theism and a lying God: Wielenberg's argument defended and developed
Authors: LAW STEPHEN
Published: July 2014

Sceptical theists attempt to block the evidential argument from evil by arguing that a key premise of that argument – that gratuitous evil exists – cannot reasonably be maintained. They argue that, for all we know, our knowledge of reasons God may have to permit such evil is radically incomplete. Thus the fact that we cannot identify reasons for God to permit the evil we observe does not allow us reasonably to conclude that no such reasons exist. In response, Erik Wielenberg has pointed out what appears to be, for many sceptical theists, an unfortunate further consequence of their position. According to Wielenberg, if sceptical theism is correct, then, similarly, the fact that we cannot identify reasons why God would lie to us does not allow us reasonably to conclude no such reasons exist. But then, for all we know, God's word constitutes not a divine revelation but a divine lie. This article examines sceptical theist responses to Wielenberg's argument to date (from Segal, and McBrayer and Swenson) and develops two new Wielenberg-style arguments for the same conclusion.
Adaptive dynamic surface control for vision-based stabilization of an uncertain electrically driven nonholonomic mobile robot
Authors: Cao Zhengcai , Yin Longjie , Fu Yili , Dai Jian S
Published: July 2014

This paper investigates the vision-based pose stabilization of an electrically driven nonholonomic mobile robot with parametric uncertainties in robot kinematics, robot dynamics, and actuator dynamics. A robust adaptive visual stabilizing controller is proposed with the utilization of adaptive control, backstepping, and dynamic surface control techniques. For the controller design, the idea of backstepping is used and the adaptive control approach is adopted to deal with all uncertainties. We also apply the dynamic surface control method to avoid the repeated differentiations of virtual controllers existing in the backstepping design procedure such that the control development is easier to be implemented. Moreover, to attenuate the effect of disturbances on control performance, smooth robust compensators are exploited. It is proved that all signals in the closed-loop system can be guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.
Neurodevelopmental outcome following open heart surgery in infancy: 6-year follow-up
Authors: Jones Bryn , Muscara Frank , Lloyd Owen , McKinlay Lynne , Justo Robert
Published: July 2014

Background: Children undergoing open heart surgery are at risk of neurological injury. A cohort of 35 patients, who had undergone cardiac surgery during infancy, had a significant reduction in Bayley Scale of Infant Development scores at a 12-month assessment. This cohort has now reached an appropriate age to reassess developmental progress. Methods: Detailed psychometric testing was conducted on 20 children from the original cohort using the Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, and the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. Parents completed the Connor’s Rating Scale, the Behaviour Rating Scale of Executive Functioning, and the Child Behaviour Checklist. Results: The mean age of the cohort at assessment was 6.6 (standard deviation 0.4) years. Mean scores on all tests of intelligence, memory, academic achievement, and executive function fell within the average range. Of the children, 20–35% were found to have significant difficulties across these areas. Mean scores in the areas of social, emotional, behavioural, and psychological functioning also fell within the average range. Of the children studied, 35% had clinically significant problems in these areas. There was only a weak association between the 12-month scores and the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient at 6 years. Conclusion: Detailed psychometric testing of these children suggests that they generally function in the average range; however, a significant proportion falls below age expectations in all the areas assessed. This highlights the importance of long-term follow-up with routine developmental screening to allow identification of a subgroup that may benefit from early educational and behavioural intervention.
Influence of Static Atomic Displacements on Composition Quantification of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures from HAADF-STEM Images
Authors: Schowalter Marco , Stoffers Ingo , Krause Florian F. , Mehrtens Thorsten , Müller Knut , Fandrich Malte , Aschenbrenner Timo , Hommel Detlef , Rosenauer Andreas
Published: July 2014

In an earlier publication Rosenauer et al. introduced a method for determination of composition in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures from high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) images. Static atomic displacements (SADs) were neglected during simulation of reference data because of the similar covalent radii of Al and Ga. However, SADs have been shown (Grillo et al.) to influence the intensity in HAADF images and therefore could be the reason for an observed slight discrepancy between measured and nominal concentrations. In the present study parameters of the Stillinger–Weber potential were varied in order to fit computed elastic constants, lattice parameters and bonding energies to experimental ones. A reference data set of HAADF images was simulated, in which the new parameterization was used to account for SADs. Two reference samples containing AlGaN layers with different Al concentrations were investigated and Al concentrations in the layers determined based on the new data set. We found that these concentrations were in good agreement with nominal concentrations as well as concentrations determined using alternative techniques such as strain state analysis and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Is Vitamin D Deficiency a Risk Factor for Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Authors: Ataseven Fevzi , Aygün Canan , Okuyucu Ali , Bedir Abdulkerim , Kücük Yasemin , Kücüködük Şükrü
Published: July 2014

Background: Previous studies have shown the relationship between in utero lung development and vitamin D [25(OH)D], but there have been no studies to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm babies. Objectives: In this study, we investigated if 25(OH)D deficiency is a risk factor for RDS. Methods: One hundred fifty-two preterm newborns, born at 29 - 35 weeks gestational age, were included in the study following informed consent from the parents. Peripheral blood samples were collected within the first 24 hours of life and 25(OH)D levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Demographic characteristics of the babies and the diagnosis of RDS were recorded. Results: In 64 % of preterm infants, 25(OH)D levels were compatible with severe deficiency (≤ 10 ng/mL), 33 % with moderate deficiency (10 - 20 ng/mL), and 3 % with mild deficiency (20 - 30 ng/mL). In none of the babies was a normal 25(OH)D level observed. Serum 25(OH)D levels were not correlated with gestational age. Respiratory distress syndrome was more common in preterm babies with severe (28 %) compared to mild-moderate 25(OH)D deficiency (14 %) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: None of the preterm infants in this study had normal vitamin D level, which underlined the burden of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their offspring. RDS was more common in severely vitamin D-deficient preterms. Determination of vitamin D status of the mothers and appropriate supplementation might be a valuable strategy to reduce RDS, in addition to antenatal steroids. Besides, since vitamin D is a regulatory factor in many organs during fetal development, long-term effects of in utero vitamin D deficiency warrant further studies.
Single Source Precursor-based Solvothermal Synthesis of Heteroatom-doped Graphene and Its Energy Storage and Conversion Applications
Authors: Quan Bo , Yu Seung-Ho , Chung Dong Young , Jin Aihua , Park Ji Hyun , Sung Yung-Eun , Piao Yuanzhe
Published: July 2014

Solvothermal processes are considered efficient approaches for the gram-scale production of graphene. Further modification of graphene by chemical doping is an important approach to tailor its properties. In this work, we successfully synthesized sulfur-doped graphene by using a solvothermal method with dimethyl sulfoxide as a precursor, which is a common laboratory reagent. Nitrogen-doped graphene was produced to demonstrate the generality of this process. These heteroatom-doped graphene materials exhibited high surface areas and high contents of heteroatoms. Furthermore, the lithium-ion storage properties and oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity of these materials were also investigated. The success of this approach might facilitate the development of other advanced graphene-based materials with relative simplicity, scalability and cost effectiveness for use in various potential applications.
Detection of residual biocides in antibody drug conjugates for ImmunoPET imaging
Authors: Medley Colin D. , Gruenhagen Jason , Yehl Peter , Chetwyn Nik P.
Published: July 2014

Detection of biocides in antibody drug conjugates down to ∼50 ppb levels.
Thin films of spin-crossover coordination polymers with large thermal hysteresis loops prepared by nanoparticle spin coating
Authors: Tanaka Daisuke , Aketa Naoki , Tanaka Hirofumi , Tamaki Takashi , Inose Tomoko , Akai Tomoki , Toyama Hirotaka , Sakata Osami , Tajiri Hiroo , Ogawa Takuji
Published: July 2014

Spin-crossover nanoparticles form homogeneous thin films on substrates, which show abrupt spin transitions with large thermal hysteresis loops.
New conjugated molecular scaffolds based on [2,2]paracyclophane as electron acceptors for organic photovoltaic cells
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Guanxin , Yu Chenmin , He Chang , Wang Jianguo , Chen Xin , Yao Jingjing , Liu Zitong , Zhang Deqing
Published: July 2014

Two conjugated molecules with a [2,2]paracyclophane framework were synthesized for solution-processed BHJ solar cells. WithP3HTas the donor, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.69% was obtained.
An ultrastable, flexible POM-based coordination polymer with redox properties
Authors: Luo Yu-Hui , Lu Xin-Xin , Zhang Hong
Published: July 2014

A new porous coordination polymer (1) has been prepared under hydrothermal conditions. The flexible framework of1shows dynamic behavior accompanied with the removal/adsorption of guest water molecules. Remarkably, crystals of1can remain intact even in 8 mol L−1hydrochloric acid, dilute NaOH solution (pH = 12) and boiling water.
One-step, solution-processed formamidinium lead trihalide (FAPbI(3−x)Clx) for mesoscopic perovskite–polymer solar cells
Authors: Lv Siliu , Pang Shuping , Zhou Yuanyuan , Padture Nitin P. , Hu Hao , Wang Li , Zhou Xinhong , Zhu Huimin , Zhang Lixue , Huang Changshui , Cui Guanglei
Published: July 2014

Mesoscopic perovskite–polymer solar cells based on solution-processed NH2CHNH2PbI(3−x)Clxwas firstly reported and the effect of annealing temperature on perovskite formation and photovoltaic performance was studied.
Loading of ionic compounds into metal–organic frameworks: a joint theoretical and experimental study for the case of La3+
Authors: Guo Wei , Liu Jinxuan , Weidler Peter G. , Liu Jianxi , Neumann Tobias , Danilov Denis , Wenzel Wolfgang , Feldmann Claus , Wöll Christof
Published: July 2014

The loading of La3+ions into Cu3(BTC)2SURMOFs was monitored using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and modelled using computer simulations.
Lanthanide nano-drums: a new class of molecular nanoparticles for potential biomedical applications
Authors: Jones Richard A. , Gnanam Annie J. , Arambula Jonathan F. , Jones Jessica N. , Swaminathan Jagannath , Yang Xiaoping , Schipper Desmond , Hall Justin W. , DePue Lauren J. , Dieye Yakhya , Vadivelu Jamuna , Chandler Don J. , Marcotte Edward M. , Sessler Jonathan L. , Ehrlich Lauren I. R. , Brown Katherine A.
Published: July 2014

We are developing a new class of lanthanide-based self-assembling molecular nanoparticles as potential reporter molecules for imaging, and as multi-functional nanoprobes or nanosensors in diagnostic systems. These lanthanide “nano-drums” are homogeneous 4d–4f clusters approximately 25 to 30 Å in diameter that can emit from the visible to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Here, we present syntheses, crystal structures, photophysical properties, and comparative cytotoxicity data for six nano-drums containing either Eu, Tb, Lu, Er, Yb or Ho. Imaging capabilities of these nano-drums are demonstrated using epifluorescence, total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF), and two-photon microscopy. We discuss how these molecular nanoparticles can to be adapted for a range of assays, particularly by taking advantage of functionalization strategies with chemical moieties to enable conjugation to protein or nucleic acids.
A portable microfluidic device for the rapid diagnosis of cancer metastatic potential which is programmable for temperature and CO2
Authors: Yu I. F. , Yu Y. H. , Chen L. Y. , Fan S. K. , Chou H. Y. E. , Yang J. T.
Published: July 2014

A portable microfluidic device for the rapid diagnosis of cancer metastatic potential is reported that is capable of separating cells according to their metastatic ability.
TBAI-catalyzed oxidative synthesis of benzamides from acetophenones and carbinols
Authors: Sharif Muhammad , Chen Jianbin , Langer Peter , Beller Matthias , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: July 2014

An interesting and convenient procedure for the oxidative transformation of acetophenones and carbinols to primary benzamides has been developed.
Li2+xMnSi1−xAlxO4/C nanoparticles for high capacity lithium-ion battery cathode applications
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhao Shiju , Chen Qiuling , Yan Guojin
Published: July 2014

Li2+xMnSi1−xAlxO4/C (0 <x< 0.09) nanoparticles were synthesized and exhibited higher theoretical capacity and better electrochemical properties than Li2MnSiO4/C nanoparticles.
One-step sonochemical preparation of redox-responsive nanocapsules for glutathione mediated RNA release
Authors: Francesko Antonio , Fernandes Margarida M. , Perelshtein Ilana , Benisvy-Aharonovich Elena , Gedanken Aharon , Tzanov Tzanko
Published: July 2014

A simple and reproducible sonochemical method is described to achieve redox-responsive nanocapsules based on intracellular glutathione levels for enhanced and sustained RNA delivery.
High‐frequency radiating element and modified 3 dB/90° electronic shifting circuit with circular polarisation for broadband reflectarray device cells
Authors: Padilla J.L. , Padilla P. , Valenzuela‐Valdés J.F. , Fernández‐González J.M.
Published: July 2014

The design of a high‐frequency radiating element plus a broadband shifting circuit for reflectarray device cells is provided. The cell design is based on modified broadband 3 dB/90° reflecting circuit interlacing polarisation, along with a multilayered planar radiating element. The basics of the structure are to capture the signal at each cell of the reflectarray, to introduce the proper phase shift by means of the modified 3 dB/90° shifter and to re‐radiate the signal again towards the radiating direction. This device reduces the complexity of the reflectarray cells in terms of design and manufacturing, enabling it to deal with circular polarisation in an easily affordable manner. The complete design of the unitary cell is provided.
Robust self‐cancellation‐based time‐of‐arrival estimation algorithm to carrier frequency offset for bi‐directional chirp signals
Authors: Oh Daegun , Kim Sangdeok , Chong Jong‐Wha , Lee Jong‐Hun
Published: July 2014

This study presents a robust self‐cancellation‐based time‐of‐arrival (TOA) estimation algorithm against carrier frequency offset (CFO). The proposed algorithm is developed to exploit the up and down chirp of bi‐directional chirp signals. Using the relationship between the phase shifts of the transformed signals of the up and down chirp symbols, the CFO‐induced error of the TOA estimates can be cancelled without pre‐estimation and compensation through the proposed method. The root mean squared error of the proposed algorithm is analysed and verified through simulations in an additive white Gaussian noise and multi‐path channel in the presence of CFO.