bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In seasonal body composition and jump performance variation in a second league male volleyball team
Authors: Reitmayer Hans-Eric
Published: April 2021

Volleyball has become a sport of the giants. Under these circumstances it is desirable that players of a very large stature also possess a corresponding vertical jump. The aim of the paper was to identify the values of some parameters that we considered crucial in limiting or maximizing the in-game performance of the athletes in the study. Our intention was to verify if the body composition indicators change significantly at different stages of a competition season and if the characteristics of the jump, crucial in performing the actions through which the points arescored, are relevant in determining the level of physical conditioning. Twelve players (n=12) were selected from the second league Romanian male volleyball team CSU UVT. The subjects were tested for body composition and their spike jump and counter movement jump was measured on three separate occasions, each corresponding to a different stage of training.

Study results highlighted a significant increase of 1.15kg (p=0.028) in weight at the intermediate testing compared to the initial values. There were no differences in muscle mass between the initial and the intermediate testing (p=0.88). The results have shown a significant increase of the average skeletal muscle mass in the final test by 0.77 kg over the intermediate test (p=0.012) and 0.81kg over the initial test (p=0.039).We recorded a considerable increase of body fat mass between initial and intermediate testing (p=0.0073) and there was an average decrease of 1.76 kg (p=0.0285) of body fat mass between intermediate and final testing.

We have seen a significant increase in the height of the spike jump at the final test compared to the intermediate testing (p<0.0001) respectively the initial testing (p<0.0001).The counter movement jump recorded a significant decrease in the intermediate test 37.58 cm, compared to the initial test 40.57 cm (p=0.014).. Final measurements of the counter movement jump height increase in relation to intermediate testing (p=0.037).

Measurements also indicate a direct correlation between the height and power developed during the jump in all the three tests: initial (r=0.76), intermediate (r=0.68) and final (r=0.84).
Universalization of the intelligence definition problem
Authors:   Institute for Artificial Intelligence Problems of MES and NAS of Ukraine, A.I. Shevchenko , A.V. Sosnitsky ,   Berdyansk State Pedagogical University
Published: April 2021

The main problem today in the research and development of AI is the lack of a scientific definition of Intelligence, since it is impossible to do something incomprehensible. This fundamentally delegitimizes all developments in this area and science as a whole as a product of exclusively intellectual activity, and any scientific use of the term "Intellect" in its strict sense is unreasonable. In this paper, this problem is solved by transition to a more general universal paradigm of cognition, which allowed us to deduce the desired definition and universal formalism of Intelligence in its strong sense. Unlike previous publications, the ontology and properties of Intelligence are specified here as necessary components of Intelligence, which are subject to subsequent concretization and materialization in different niches of existence. The results of the work are of both fundamental and applied general scientific importance for all technical and humanitarian applications of Intelligence.
Polymetric analysis and cybernetics
Authors:   Lesia Ukrainka East European National University, P.P. Trokhimchuck
Published: April 2021

Basic concepts of Polymetric Analysis as universal system of formalization the knowledge are discussed. Correlation between Polymetrric Analysis and cybernetics is researched. It was shown that cybernetics as synthetical science is similar to Polymetric Analysis. But Polymetric Analysis may be represented as functional expansion of computer processor and therefore may be applied for the resolution the problems of artificial intelligence, pattern recognition and other chapters of modern cybernetics. This problem is analyzed with point of S. Beer centurial problem in cybernetics (problem of complexity of information) and has system nature
Development of evolutionary algorithms in the problems of managing the assortment of network pharmacies
Authors:   National University ", I. Fedorchenko ,   Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic", A. Oliinyk ,   National University "Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic", A. Stepanenko ,   National University "Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic", S. Korniienko ,   National University "Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic'', A. Kharchenko ,   National University "Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic", D. Goncharenko ,   National University "Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic"
Published: April 2021

The article explores the problems and existing methods of optimizing the financial performance of network pharmacies. Proposed a genetic method with the modification of the mutation operator to solve the problem of managing the range of pharmaceutical products based on evolutionary methods. The fundamental difference between the developed genetic algorithm and its existing counterparts is the ability to control the mathematical distribution of the values of the solution, which prevents premature convergence of the genetic algorithm and uses all proposed genes in fractions according to the chosen distribution model. In addition, three modifications to the genetic operator of mutations are proposed. The first modification is to choose the substitution values for a mutation not in a random way, but from a series, that obeys the law of normal distribution. The second modification serves to determine the appropriateness of the chromosome mutation, based on knowledge of retrospective and predictive data using as a predictive model of SNM. The third modification is the combination of the two modifications mentioned. The application of the developed methods will lead to a more effective use of the pharmacy area, to reduce unmet demand and, ultimately, to reduce the retail cost of drugs by reducing the costs of storing and servicing the suboptimal loading of the pharmacy
Paralleling process of searching objects on cytological images by a template
Authors:   Ternopil National Economic University, O.M. Berezsky , O.Y. Pitsun ,   Ternopil National Economic University, T.M. Dolynyuk ,   Ternopil National Economic University, Y.M. Batko ,   Ternopil National Economic University
Published: April 2021

Modern approaches to finding image elements are analyzed. An algorithm for searching micro-objects in histological and cytological images using a database is developed. A tiered-parallel form of parallelization of the process of micro-object pattern search is designed. Micro-object pattern search software is implemented. The obtained result show that the operating time of the software module with parallelization speeds up the processing on average by 20% for cytological images
Method of preview processing of the primary geoelectromagnetic data received from a modified geophysical automatic station
Authors:   Lviv National Polytechnic University, N. Shakhovska , R. Kaminsky ,   Lviv National Polytechnic University, L. Savkiv ,   Carpathian branch of the Institute of Geophysics Sl. Subbotin of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Y. Varetsky ,   National University "Lviv Polytechnic", S. Savaryn ,   National University "Lviv Polytechnic"
Published: April 2021

Preliminary processing of primary geophysical data, automatically transmitted from the regime geophysical station to the daily specific files confirmed the feasibility of using such approaches. The purpose of the research is to focus on the choice of simple methods of primary data processing and the development of appropriate mathematical models of the dynamics. The results of preliminary processing of the primary data obtained from the regime geophysical automatic station are submitted. Descriptive statistics and simulation of time series were used as processing methods. The presentation of the results by multidimensional graphs allowed to reveal the phenomenon of coincidence in the first indicators of descriptive statistics, and in the second, the coincidence of the model's coefficients for the daily measurements of the natural electric field
Ukrainian dactyl alphabet gesture recognition using cross platform software and convolutional neural networks
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, S.S. Kondratiuk
Published: April 2021

The technology, which is implemented with cross platform tools, is proposed for modeling of gesture units of sign language, animation between states of gesture units with a combination of gestures (words). Implemented technology simulates sequence of gestures using virtual spatial hand model and performs recognition of dactyl items from camera input using trained on collected training dataset set convolutional neural network. With the cross platform means technology achieves the ability to run on multiple platforms without re-implementing for each platform
Methodological instructions from construction of computer virtual simulator in distance learning systems
Authors:   V.M.Hlushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine, V.O. Ostapenko
Published: April 2021

Today, the training of operators of complex industrial technical systems in real installations and in real conditions is very dangerous and expensive, and often can not be implemented. The alternative is computer simulation systems, which simulate real installations as much as possible, generate virtual objects and allow to gain the right and stable skills during training. The paper describes the methodological instructions for the construction of computer virtual simulators in the distance learning systems
Oxidative stress in osteomyelitis and burns: Specific features of its role in development of pathology
Authors: Martusevich Andrew K. , Zagrekov Valery I. , Belyaeva Ksenia L. , Pushkin Alexander S. , Soloveva Anna G.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the features of the initiation and development of oxidative stress in patients with osteomyelitis and burns.

Methods: We studied the oxidative metabolism of blood of 20 healthy subjects (controls), 15 patients with burns, and 18 patients with chronic osteomyelitis. All patients included in the second group had thermal burns of the I-II-III degree in trunk and limbs on an area of 31-80% of the body surface without thermal inhalation trauma. After standard sample preparation, a wide range of parameters of oxidative metabolism was determined in the blood. The intensity of free radical processes in blood plasma and red blood cells, and the total antioxidant activity was evaluated by Fe-induced biochemiluminescence. The concentration of malonic dialdehyde in blood plasma and red blood cells was determined. The level of diene and triene conjugates and Schiff bases was determined spectrophotometrically using reagent kits. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the red blood cells of patients from each of the groups was also determined.

Results: We showed that in osteomyelitis, which is a long-lasting process, changes in the balance of free radical generation and activity of the antioxidant system were compensatory and mostly related to changes in blood plasma. On the contrary, in burn victims, oxidative stress signs had a maladaptive character. They were seen in blood plasma and red blood cells, and accompanied by a pronounced depletion of enzyme antioxidant system reserves.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrate the role of oxidative stress in patients with burns and chronic osteomyelitis, and demonstrate some specific features leading to formation of disease pathology. Such features of oxidative stress may be useful in future design of new approaches to correct the pathology of diseases.
Problems and puzzles in echinoderm demography
Authors: Ebert Thomas A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: There are problems and puzzles in understanding reproduction, growth and mortality in echinoderm life cycles. Objective: Explore problems and puzzles in life cycles that are important and challenging. Methods: The literature is used to elucidate problems associated with all life stages. Results: Sources of larvae that settle at a site are explored using oceanographic modelling and genetic methods. There are few studies that have estimated larval mortality in the plankton under field conditions and results differ from experimental results or patterns of settlement. In a small number of studies, mortality rate of newly settled larvae appears to change rapidly as individuals grow. There are problems measuring size, and measurement bias that interferes with many tagging methods used to estimate growth. There also are problems with the use of natural growth lines and commonly used software to estimate both growth and mortality from size-frequency data. An interesting puzzle is that echinoderms may show negative senescence with mortality rate decreasing with size. There is a problem in fertilization success based on density so there should not be rare species where sexes are separate with free spawning of gametes yet there seem to be rare echinoderms. Conclusions: All parts of echinoderm life cycles provide problems and puzzles that are important and challenging.
Los equinodermos de El Salvador depositados en colecciones científicas
Authors: Ramos Fernanda , Segovia Johanna
Published: April 2021

Introducción: El valor de las colecciones científicas radica en que los registros están vinculados directamente a especímenes físicos permitiendo conocer los avances en taxonomía, biogeografía e historia evolutiva de las especies. En El Salvador, las colecciones científicas están representadas en su mayoría por ejemplares de vertebrados terrestres y en menor proporción invertebrados marinos, en específico para el grupo de equinodermos su representación es escasa. Objetivo: Enlistar las colecciones científicas en las cuales se encuentran depositados ejemplares de equinodermos de El Salvador, conocer los esfuerzos realizados para la recolección de estos ejemplares y evaluar el aporte de las colecciones al conocimiento del taxón en el país. Métodos: Revisión de bases de datos abiertas de 18 colecciones extranjeras y nacionales; recopilando información biológica, número de ejemplares, sitio, año de recolecta y recolector. Resultados: Se encontraron 536 ejemplares en 192 registros de equinodermos depositados en seis colecciones científicas, nacionales y extranjeras, clasificadas en 40 especies, una de ellas nueva para El Salvador: Ophionereis perplexa. El National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian y el Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología de la Universidad de El Salvador albergan el mayor número de ejemplares, el primero con los ejemplares más antiguos, con más recolectas en La Unión y Sonsonate para ambas colecciones. Conclusiones: La representación de ejemplares en colecciones científicas nacionales y extranjeras es aceptable, registrando en los depósitos el 66.7 % del total reportado para El Salvador. Se recomienda continuar los esfuerzos en la identificación y catalogación de especies de aguas someras e iniciar las investigaciones con el taxón en aguas profundas.
Equinodermos de Isla La Roqueta de Acapulco, Guerrero, México
Authors: Arroyo-Vega César , Lechuga-Granados Adriana
Published: April 2021

Introducción: Guerrero es el cuarto Estado más biodiverso en México, ejemplo de ello, es la riqueza de equinodermos habitantes en sus costas, alberga el mayor número de especies en comparación con los estados del Pacífico Sur Mexicano, presenta 135 especies, mientras que Oaxaca 94 y Chiapas 15. El presente estudio se desarrolló en isla La Roqueta en Acapulco, Guerrero, México, es parte del 0.3 % del territorio nacional. Las islas son el hábitat de mayor número de especies y de endemismos, comparadas con áreas continentales de igual dimensión, isla La Roqueta, como otras islas en México, son reconocidas como sitios de gran valor, sin embargo, enfrentan graves amenazas que ponen en riesgo su estabilidad. Objetivo: Enlistar las especies de equinodermos en isla La Roqueta de Acapulco, Guerrero, México. Métodos: Se realizaron recolectas en agosto y octubre 2018 y mayo 2019, mediante buceo libre y Scuba en cuatro sitios, usando técnicas de captura directa, búsqueda de barrido, aleatorio y transecto. Resultados: 214 ejemplares fueron recolectados, en cuatro clases, nueve órdenes, 16 familias y 23 géneros, para un total de 40 especies. Se reconocen registros importantes: Ophiocoma sp., Phataria sp., Pentaceraster sp., Cucumaria sp., Astropyga sp., Meoma sp., Diadema sp., Afrocucumis ovulum, Pseudocnus californicus, Neocucumis veleronis y Holothuria imitans. Además, se destacan nuevos registros para el estado. Conclusiones: La complejidad de los diversos ambientes y sustratos marinos en Guerrero, en particular de isla La Roqueta, denota la posibilidad de nuevas especies.
Photoperiod in aquaculture of the sea urchin Arbacia dufresnii (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): Effects on gamete production and maturity
Authors: Sepúlveda Lucas-R. , Pía-Fernandez Jimena , Vera-Piombo Mercedes , Belén-Chaar Florencia , Rubilar Tamara
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Photoperiod is, together with temperature and food availability, one of the main stimuli in the regulation of gametogenesis in a wide variety of species. Objective: To evaluate the effect of photoperiod on the production of mature gametes in cultured Arbacia dufresnii. Methods: An experiment was carried out with three varying light-dark regimes/treatments: constant light (24 h light), neutral photoperiod (12 h light, 12 h darkness), and constant darkness (24 h darkness). Twenty females were used in each treatment. All were induced to spawn and, ten randomly selected females from each treatment were induced to spawn again after 30 days. After 60 days, spawning was induced in the remaining females. The gametes were collected in filtered seawater, fixed in Davidson solution, quantified and measured per individual in triplicate in a Sedgewick-Rafter chamber. To determine maturation, fertilization success was evaluated 30 minutes after fertilization. Results: Our results showed that in the aquaculture system, after only two months, mature gametes were obtained, and in the neutral light regime there were 10 times more gametes than the number produced in wild sea urchins during the spawning period in question. We also found that with a greater exposure to light, a lower number of mature gametes was produced. Conclusions: This study suggests the viability of the production of mature gametes in a short period of time as regards Arbacia dufresnii.
Área de Conservación Guanacaste Echinoderms, North Pacific of Costa Rica
Authors: Chacón-Monge José-Leonardo , Azofeifa-Solano Juan-Carlos , Alvarado Juan-José , Cortés Jorge
Published: April 2021

Introducción: El estudio de la diversidad marina del Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica inició con expediciones extranjeras aisladas en la década de 1930, y fue desarrollado sistemáticamente a mediados de la década de 1990 por el Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología de la Universidad de Costa Rica, como consecuencia ahora se reporta un total de 1 479 especies en esta región. Objetivo: Presentar una actualización de la riqueza de equinodermos del Área de Conservación Guanacaste. Métodos: Realizamos muestreos exhaustivos en 25 localidades y estimamos la similitud entre sitios con base en la riqueaza de familias y la heterogeneidad ambiental. Resultados: Encontramos 61 taxa, que representan el 26% de las especies reportadas para la costa pacífica del país. De estas, 43 especies son nuevos registros para el Área de Conservación Guanacaste y siete para las costas de Costa Rica y el Pacífico centroamericano. Tres morfoespecies no coinciden con las descripciones disponibles para las especies del Pacífico Tropical Oriental. Por último, hallamos un ejemplar del holoturoideo Epitomapta tabogae y otro del ofiuroideo Ophioplocus hancocki, considerados endémicos para Panamá y las Islas Galápagos respectivamente. La proximidad entre los sitios muestreados y la redundancia de ciertas familias pueden explicar por qué no se encontraron diferencias entre las localidades. Conclusiones: La riqueza de equinodermos de esta área de conservación es al menos 20% mayor que la reportada anteriormente, alcanzando niveles similares a los de otros sitios de alta diversidad del Pacífico Tropical Oriental.
Locomotion and righting behavior of sea stars: a study case on the bat star Asterina stellifera (Asterinidae)
Authors: Meretta Pablo-E. , Rezende-Ventura Carlos-Renato
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The locomotion behavior of an organism involves the integration of aspects like body symmetry, sensory and locomotor systems. Furthermore, various ecological factors seem to be related to locomotion characteristics, such as foraging strategy, migration trends, response to predators and competitors, and environmental stress. Objective: To analyze locomotion and the influence of body symmetry in the crawling and righting movements of the sea star Asterina stellifera. Methods: We carried out laboratory experiments in aquariums in the presence/absence of water current and on a horizontal and vertical surface. Results: The speed is similar to speed in other species of similar size. Both the speed and linearity of displacement were independent of individual body size. A water current leads to faster crawling and straight paths, but there is no rheotaxis: streams do not affect locomotion. Speed and linearity of displacement were independent of individual body size. The displacement pattern described here may be an adaptation of organisms that present dense populations in communities with high prey abundance, as is the case of A. stellifera. Conclusions: Like other asteroids, this species did not show an Anterior/Posterior plane of symmetry during locomotion, or righting movement: it does not tend to bilaterality.
¿Hacia dónde va la acuicultura de equinodermos en América Latina? Potencial, retos y oportunidades.
Authors: Sonnenholzner-Varas Jorge-I.
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La acuicultura de equinodermos en América Latina es incipiente, pero representa una nueva frontera para la producción de alimentos marinos altamente nutritivos, con especies nativas de alto valor comercial que ofrecen un gran potencial en comparación con las debilitadas pesquerías bentónicas artesanales. Metodología: Se revisó la literatura sobre pepinos de mar, erizos de mar y estrellas de mar hasta el año 2020. Resultados: Para el 2020, había 17 especies nativas con importantes avances en reproducción, larvicultura, crecimiento, tratamiento e identificación de enfermedades y nutrición en México, Belice, Panamá, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Brasil, Chile y Argentina. Conclusiones: La acuicultura de equinodermos en América Latina está avanzando y se beneficiaría de los sistemas multitróficos para expandirse y diversificarse, reduciendo la presión sobre las pesquerías agotadas.
Análise do tratamento térmico de tegumentos de Araucaria na presença de ureia em culturas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Eruca sativa, visando o seu uso potencial como insumo agrícola
Authors: Ramos Eduarda Kalena Kirsch de , Santos Willian I , Vizolli Sabrina , Nicolini Jaqueline , Nicolini Keller Paulo
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho realizou ensaios biológicos para os carvões produzidos pelo tratamento térmico de tegumentos de Araucaria com o objetivo de estudar o potencial uso agrícola dos carvões. Os carvões foram monitorados através dos parâmetros: rendimento gravimétrico, remoção de íons cobre (II), produção de espuma em culturas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, taxa de germinação de Eruca sativa, altura de Eruca sativa e energia de band gap. Os tegumentos foram moídos em um triturador mecânico e tratados termicamente na presença de ureia nas temperaturas de 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 e 500 oC. Os resultados experimentais evidenciam que as respostas biológicas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae e de Eruca sativa estão associadas ao comportamento espectroscópico dos materiais produzidos nas diferentes temperaturas. Em estudos de modelagem biológica verificou-se que o processo de tratamento térmico dos tegumentos na presença de ureia, apresenta potencialidade para ser usado na produção de insumos agrícolas. Em temperatura próxima a 500 oC, os carvões produzidos, promovem o desenvolvimento de Eruca sativa e apresentam maior toxicidade para Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Palavras-chave: Biomassa residual; tratamento térmico; atividade biológica.
NHSR 155: Comparative Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Public-Use and Restricted-Use Linked Mortality Files - Production Schedule
Authors: Mirel Lisa
Published: April 2021

This report describes a comparative analysis of the public-use and restricted-use NHANES LMFs. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative hazard ratios for a standard set of sociodemographic covariates for all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality, using the public-use and restricted-use NHANES LMFs.
The Democratic Press of the Civil War during the White Movement in the Urals and Trans-Urals
Authors: Antoshin Alexey
Published: April 2021

This article considers the functioning of the opposition democratic press in conditions of non-communist authoritarianism during the Civil War. The author focuses on the democratic press of the Urals and Trans-Urals (Perm, Orenburg, Ufa, and Tobolsk provinces). Traditionally, historiography mostly focuses on the anti-Bolshevik activities of democratic forces during the Civil War. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the author carries out a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the situation of the democratic press in the Urals and Trans-Urals in territories controlled by the White movement between 1918 and 1919, which has not been done before. Previously, this problem was only fragmentarily touched upon by general studies of the history of socialist parties in the Urals (primarily, the works of A. N. Aldashov and V. V. Moskovkin). The main sources for this article are the leading democratic periodicals of the region: Narodnoe Delo (Ufa), Narodnoe Delo (Orenburg), Narodovlastie (Tyumen), Bor’ba (Orenburg), Zemlya i Trud (Kurgan), and Nash Ural (Yekaterinburg). For the first time, the author shows the role of these periodicals in the struggle of the democratic forces of the Urals and Trans-Urals against the so-called “revolutions on the right”. The author relies on conceptual studies of political communication and media theory. It has been proved that one should not exaggerate the differences between stages in the history of the White movement, like the “democratic counter-revolution” and the “Kolchak dictatorship”. As evidenced by the analysis carried out here, both before and after the Kolchak coup d’état, the democratic press actively fought against the “revolution on the right”, facing pressure from various government bodies and conservative forces. The article identifies the key factors that contributed to the long-term existence of democratic periodicals: the desire to act as a “systemic opposition”, the lack of direct communication with the leadership of the left-wing parties, and the specificity of the political atmosphere in certain regions and settlements. At the same time, the author demonstrates that the transition from non-communist authoritarianism to Bolshevism meant the destruction of the democratic alternative in Russia.
Funeral Reform and the Materiality of Death in the Russian Civil War
Authors: Papushina Anastasia
Published: April 2021

Based on documents produced by various Soviet institutions in Moscow, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, and Yaroslavl’ in 1917–1922, this paper looks at the transformations of the Soviet funeral industry during the Civil War. After the October Revolution, a series of decrees proclaimed the secularization of funeral practices and attempted to purify them of monetary relations and hierarchy. The funeral ranks, or razryady, were eliminated, and Soviet institutions were obliged to provide equal services for all citizens regardless of their social background. This initiative was part of a larger project of creating a new man with new values by changing everyday practices. Due to administrative difficulties caused by the regime change and wartime challenges, the implementation of the funeral reform was fraught with perturbations at state, local, and family level. In Moscow, these problems led to the fullfledged “funeral crisis” of 1919, when the rise in mortality, serious shortages in supplies, and bureaucratic prevarications resulted in dead bodies being left unburied for prolonged periods of time. In the smaller towns of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Yaroslavl’, the crisis was less intense, and the funeral industry, while being transformed in accordance with the decrees, could still cope with popular demands. Several factors might explain this difference, including town size and the less rigid attitude of the provincial authorities to the implementation of funeral innovations. The ambitious funeral reform was not entirely successful: this paper argues that the attempts to change this death-related industry did not concern the fundamental norms of dealing with the dead, namely the idea shared by both the Soviet officials and the population that a dead body deserves personal space, privacy, and respect.
Tomsk Judge Alexander Levberg: The Facets of Collaboration with Bolsheviks at the Beginning of the Civil War
Authors: Krestyannikov Evgeny
Published: April 2021

In 1917, the Soviet regime began to introduce new forms of state and legal relations. The former system of justice was being violently destroyed, which led to a split in the judicial community and caused significant changes in the legal culture of practitioners, who were thrown into unavoidable political and professional choices. In this article, the author refers to the story of judge A. E. Levberg and studies the professional paths of Siberian judicial figures who joined Soviet institutions, finding out the motives governing their actions and evaluating the repressive measures employed. The study makes it possible to add new information to data on the mechanisms of revolutionary transformations, helps explain the patterns of how state legal systems functioned, and increases knowledge about human behaviour during a deep social and political conflict. A central focus on everyday life, micro-historical analysis, and the use of various sources (print media, private sources, and archival documentation introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time) make it possible to comprehensively consider reports on the liquidation of pre-revolutionary courts and the transfer of their employees to work for the Bolsheviks. Such decisions did not necessarily entail the intentional participation of judicial personnel in the construction of the new regime, as it could have been caused by material need; moreover, it allowed judges to continue their judicial practice and fulfill their professional duty to society. Many might have considered their work in the Soviet state apparatus as subversion against it. The judicial community itself considered cooperation with the Soviets a betrayal of the principles of corporate solidarity and ideals of justice. After the Bolsheviks had been overthrown, their collaborators from among the judiciary were prosecuted. Despite social and professional hostility towards them, these people avoided severe punishment: the legal framework did not classify their actions as a crime, and no provision existed for sanctioning moral or political choices.
Peter the Great and Russia’s Growing Interest in the Exploration of the Pacific Ocean, 1711–1722
Authors: Petrov Alexander , Yermolaev Alexey , Koskina Maria
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the reasons for the Russian government’s interest in the exploration of the Pacific frontiers in the early eighteenth century. The authors pay special attention to the expeditions organised before the First Kamchatka expedition. Those expeditions were organised by I. M. Evreinov, F. F. Luzhin, I. Kozyrevsky, Ya. A. Yelchin, and others. The authors clarify which expeditions were organised at the personal order of Peter the Great and study them in the context of the international situation. Special attention is paid to the debatable aspects of the orders of Peter the Great regarding the expeditions of Evreinov and Luzhin. The article is relevant because of the growing attention of researchers to the history of the Far East and the Pacific Ocean. Referring to new materials, the authors revise the opinion existing in the literature on the spontaneity of Peter the Great’s decision to explore the Pacific Ocean. The article provides information on different categories of the Russian population and the diversity of the Russian regions that took part in the exploration of the Pacific. The article demonstrates how the expeditions of 1711 and 1722 contributed to strengthening Russia’s position in the Far East. The authors employ an interdisciplinary approach, using the latest achievements in historical studies, traditional methods (comparative, genetic, the history of state and law) and new approaches (microhistory, historical psychology, the history of everyday life, historical anthropology, and ethnohistory). The study’s main results are the analysis of the projects and direct activities of Russian expeditions to America in the early eighteenth century. The authors also reveal the reasons for government interest in the eastern borders of Russia, which consisted of the country’s imperial status and its international position.
A Letter from the Samara “Consul” to the Prime Minister of France about the Events of the Civil War: A Citizen’s Duty and Self-Interest
Authors: Galkina Yulia
Published: April 2021

The letter by French “consul” Jeannot proposed to the reader highlights the participation of French military and diplomatic representatives in the Civil War in the Volga Region in 1918. Soviet historiography considers Jeannot one of the key figures who caused the situation in the Czechoslovak Corps in the spring of 1918 to destabilise; however, information about him is scarce. This letter highlights the role of Jeannot in events related to the mutiny of the Czechoslovak legion and demonstrates his motivation and understanding of events in Russia between 1914 and 1918. The letter dates from September 1919 and is addressed to Georges Clemenceau, president of the Council of Ministers of France. According to the document, Jeannot wanted compensation for the financial costs that he had incurred during his mission in Russia and aspired to demonstrate his usefulness and competence in the “Russian question” to the officials of the Third Republic. The document touches upon the financial side of French anti-Soviet actions in the Volga Region and French speculation in the Russian domestic market in 1918. Jeannot’s letter is kept in the fund of the Second Bureau of the General Staff of France of the Historical Service of the French Ministry of Defense (Service Historique de la Défense).
The First Half of Stepan Nechayev’s Life: Writer and Decembrist
Authors: Shkerin Vladimir
Published: April 2021

The events that took place between 1825 and 1826 (Nicholas I’s accession to the throne, the Decembrist revolt, and a large-scale investigation) led to a new historical era in Russia. These events divided the life of the Russian nobility, or at least the lives of many of its representatives, into “before” and “after”. Stepan Dmitrievich Nechayev (1792–1860) did not put forward revolutionary ideas, nor was he a member of later Decembrist societies. He was not under investigation. However, his life was split in two. Before 1826, Nechayev was known as the author of numerous poems, aphorisms, travelogues, and translations. His Love of the Public Good encouraged him to serve the people’s enlightenment selflessly, erect a monument to the heroes of the Battle of Kulikovo, and participate in literary, academic, and charitable societies. Nechayev was also a member of the Union of Prosperity. Usually, investigators were not interested in persons who had left Decembrist societies before 1821. But Nechayev signed a false statement according to which he had never been a member of such societies. For such acts of perjury, other members of the Union of Prosperity were sentenced to a month’s imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress. Nechayev also had artistic and friendly relationships with Decembrist writers A. A. Bestuzhev, K. F. Ryleev, and V. K. Küchelbecker, who played key or prominent roles in the preparation and realisation of the armed revolt on 14 December 1825 in St Petersburg. What saved Nechayev was his three-month official trip to Perm province, during which he successfully collected information about Old Believers and sectarians. Thus began the second half of his life, in which Nechayev held high positions, such as chief procurator of the Synod and senator, made no dangerous acquaintances, and abandoned the dream of literary fame.
Brazilian Cantoria and Slam: poetics of performance
Authors: Souza Tiago Barbosa , Kunz Martine Suzanne
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT This article proposes to compare two oral poetic genres, cantoria and slam, from the perspective of performance art, exploring their similarities and differences. Based on performance art studies and reference works on the two genres, thought of as a poetics that constitutes itself as a technique, it is proposed to consider the body’s use as a technical object (Mauss, 2003). The importance of the improvisation in cantoria and the unprecedented feature of slam are emphasized, while the aim is to highlight the scenic character of the two poetic acts marked by speed and forcefulness in the game. The text points out as a result the verification of this analogy between the two genres based on the scenic character of their performance.
In vitro regeneration of bulblet using two and four bulb-scales explants of summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.)
Authors: Abedinimazraeh Masoumeh , Kalatehjari Sepideh
Published: April 2021

Abstract Leucojum aestivum is a valuable and endangered plant species with bulb scales best suited as explants in micropropagation. In the current study, its micropropagation was investigated by using two different explants and various concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Bulbs were first disinfected with benomyl® for 5 hours. After meeting the chilling requirements, two-scale and four-scale explants were provided for direct and indirect organogenesis. Explants were exposed to hot water, 70% ethanol and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for further disinfestation. Four-scale explants were treated with different concentrations and combinations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzyladenine (BA), and kinetin (Kin) for bulblet regeneration. For callogenesis, 0.5 mg L-1 of BA combined with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 mg L-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were applied. Regarding two-scale explants, different combinations and concentrations of BA, Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and NAA were used for bulblet induction, and various combinations of Indoleacetic acid (IAA), NAA, 2, 4-D and BA were used for callus induction. None of the two-scale explants responded to the bulblet regeneration and callus induction media. Unlike, four-scale explants regenerated bulblets and roots in the control medium and MS media enriched with different PGRs. Callus was generated on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BA, and indirect regeneration was observed in some cases. On the control medium, the regenerated roots had a natural form, but in PGRs-rich media, they were deformed. Regarding the regeneration percentage, bulblet number and length and root length, no significant differences were found between the control and the best PGR-treatment in each case. Therefore, it seems logical suggesting not to use PGRs, which will considerably reduce the costs at large-scale production.
Calcium nitrate on growth and ornamental traits at salt-stressed condition in ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. Acephala)
Authors: Karagöz Fazilet Parlakova , Dursun Atilla
Published: April 2021

Abstract Ornamental plants are used to improve the aestheticquality of urban and rural landscapes, recreational areas, interiorscapes and commercial sites. Any negative effects of salts on ornamental plant growth have to be taken into consideration mainly for their negative influences on aesthetic value of ornamental plants. The research was conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of calcium nitrate on some stress parameters (i.e. leaf relative water content, chlorophyll, stomatal conductance, ion leakage in the leaf tissues) and some plant growth parameters (total leaf number, number of dried leaf, main stem diameter, plant crown diameter, plant height, fresh and dry weight of root) of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) plant grown under saline conditions. Four doses of NaCl (NaCl1:30, NaCl2:60, NaCl3:90, NaCl4:120 mM), three doses of Ca(NO3)2 (CaN1:5, CaN2:10, CaN3:15 mM), groups combined together in all doses of NaCl and Ca (NO3)2 and control (NaCl0:0 + CaN0:0) were applied into the pots with three replications. Ca (NO3)2 was applied to the leaf surface of the plants in the pots to be applied as Ca (NO3)2 spray. When the plants reached a certain maturity (two weeks after transfer to the pot), salt stress applications were started. Ca (NO3)2 treatments have applied after one week from salt stress applications. Calcium nitrate treatements applied under salt stress conditions had positive effects and increasing in effect on all parameters examined except for chlorophyll and ion leakage in leaf tissues of the plant. With increasing in calcium nitrate concentration, morphological and physiological characteristics of plants were observed increases in general. It was concluded that the increase of the number of leaves by NaCl2+CaN3 application can be minimized with CaN3 (with 15 mM Ca (NO3)2) stress caused by 60 mM salt concentration According to the results of the research, calcium nitrate applications can be recommended for ornamental kale plants grown under salt stress conditions especially limiting the negative effects of stress and to minimize such damage.
Heliconias with pendent inflorescences as cut flowers
Authors: Gonçalves Charleston , Tavares Armando Reis , Vega Silvia Moreira Rojo , Merida Daniela , Castro Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de
Published: April 2021

Abstract The Heliconia species with pendent inflorescences and colorful bracts are a good option as a cut flower for floriculture market, but only a few species of this type of Heliconia eg. H. rostrata, H. rauliniana and H. chartacea are commercially produced in Brazil. This study was carried out to characterize 36 Heliconia accessions, with pendent inflorescences, to be used as cut flower, intending to increase knowledge and use of these exceptional plants among tropical flower enthusiasts and consumers. The evaluations were performed on plants of the Germplasm Collection of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC) growing in shade, partial shade or full sun conditions. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics, related to clump growth and flower stem aspects were analyzed. A point scoring system was used to determine the species most suitable for cut flower utilization. All evaluated genotypes reached enough points to be considered suitable for use as cut flowers, even those with large inflorescences and bracts arranged in different planes, facts that affect and limit handling, packaging and transportation. H. mariae, H. fernandezii, H. platystachys, H. rauliniana, H. rostrata, H. standley, H. necrobracteata and H. laxa were considered outstanding. This characterization and scoring system were important to facilitate the selection of heliconia genotypes for use as cut flowers.
Biological control in ornamental plants: from basic to applied knowledge
Authors: Souza Brígida , Marucci Rosangela Cristina
Published: April 2021

Abstract Biological control is a worldwide trend and has been prominent as an effective and compatible strategy for use in Integrated Pest Management programs. In Brazil, the control of these organisms using biological agents has been used in several agricultural systems, including floriculture. This paper approaches biological control from the perspective of the interaction between organisms in nature, applied as a pest management strategy. Knowledge about the dependence and reciprocity among populations in a natural environment is fundamental to understanding that this control method is nothing more than an exploiting of a natural ecological service. Considering that, for the biological control of a pest we must increase the population density of natural enemies, we report on the two main ways to achieve this increase: conservative biological control and augmentative biological control. The first is done by modifying the environment’s vegetation structure to favor natural enemies’ maintenance or their attraction to the crops. The second is done by mass rearing entomophagous and entomopathogen species with attributes that can ensure their function as control agents when released in crops. Among such agents, we emphasize those produced and marketed in Brazil for application in ornamental plants. Finally, we report on the technologies most recently employed to increase the appropriate use and the efficiency of these biological control agents.
Evaluation of production quality and mechanical behavior of low-cost shear connectors manufactured with perforated GFRP plates
Authors: Silva John Kennedy Fonsêca , Ribeiro Renan Rocha , Lameiras Rodrigo de Melo
Published: April 2021

abstract: Insulated pre-cast concrete wall panels, also called sandwich panels, consist in two external concrete layers, in which an internal layer of thermal insulation material is inserted between, aiming better acoustic and thermal performance. One of the main concerns regarding the performance of these panels refers to the elimination of thermal bridges caused by metallic connectors, which jeopardize the panels’ thermal efficiency. One of the proposals to solve this problem consists in the use of PERFOFRP connectors, which are plane plates with perforated holes through its thickness, which are embedded into the concrete plates, creating anchorage pins that enhance the shear strength and the layers’ debonding resistance. This research had the objective of evaluating the production quality of this type of connector, produced with a low-cost and easy-to-use vacuum assisted resin infusion system; considering the effects of: (a) resin plate homogeneity, by taking samples from various locations on the plate; (b) fabrication repeatability; and (c) raw production materials’ origin; on the results of: (I) ultimate tensile stress, (II) modulus of elasticity, and (III) volume fraction of fibre. Also, 18 specimens in the form of representative models of the shear connector in insulated pre-cast concrete wall panels, with six different hole configurations achieved by varying the holes’ diameter and spacing, were subjected to push-out tests, to assess the holes’ diameter and spacing effects on the mechanical performance of the connection in terms of ultimate load capacity and stiffness. The results indicated a production quality with a satisfactory level of characteristics variation, considering: the variability in different parts of a single composite plate, the variability between composite plates from different infusion process, and the variability between different production batches. Furthermore, the push-out tests demonstrated that the perforated connectors presented, when compared to non-perforated connectors: a gain in shear strength from 8% to 25%, lower relative displacements, and higher levels of stiffness. It was also observed that connectors with 25.40 mm diameter holes presented better performance than connectors with 31.75 mm diameter holes; and that the reducing the hole spacing from 2.00 to 1.75, for the 25.40 mm diameter specimens, caused a decrease in the load capacity of the connector. Thus, it was verified that variations on the hole’s diameter and spacing influenced the load carrying capacity of the connection.