bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imbalances between the Quantity and Quality of China’s Solar Energy Research
Authors: Li Rongrong , Wang Xuefeng
Published: January 2019

China’s solar energy industry is developing rapidly and China’s solar energy research is experiencing a high speed of development alongside it. Is China’s solar energy research growth quantity-driven (paper-driven) or quality-driven (citation-driven)? Answering this question is important for China’s solar research field and industrial sector, and has implications for China’s other renewable research programs. Applying statistical methods, the citation analysis method, and web of science data, this study investigated China’s solar energy research between 2007 and 2015 from two perspectives: quantity (numbers of papers) and quality (number of paper citations). The results show that the number of Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) papers on solar energy in China has grown rapidly, surpassing the United States to become the world leader in 2015. However, the growth rate in scientific production was consistently higher than the growth rate of the number of times cited. When considering the average number of times a paper was cited among the top ten countries researching solar energy, China was in last place from 2007 to 2015. Further, the impact and effectiveness of China’s papers were below the world average from 2010 to 2015, and experienced a sharp decreasing trend. These results suggest that China’s solar energy research is a quantitatively driven model, with a mismatch between quantity and quality. New policies should be introduced to encourage high-quality research and achieve a balance between quantity and quality.
Mechanical Vibration for the Control of Membrane Fouling in Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
Authors: Huang Frank Y.C. , Medin Carolyn , Arning Allie
Published: January 2019

One of the biggest challenges for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) in treating wastewater from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is the rapid deterioration of membrane performance resulting from precipitate fouling. Chemical pretreatment, such as lime-soda ash softening, has been used to mitigate the issue, however, with significant operating costs. In this study, mechanical vibration of 42.5 Hz was applied to lab-scale DCMD systems to determine its effectiveness of fouling control for simulated FGD water. Liquid entry pressure and mass transfer limit of the fabricated hollow fiber membranes were determined and used as the operational constraints in the fouling experiments so that the observed membrane performance was influenced solely by precipitate fouling. Minimal improvement of water flux was observed when applying vibration after significant (~16%) water-flux decline. Initiating vibration at the onset of the experiments prior to the exposure of foulants, however, was promising for the reduction of membrane fouling. The water-flux decline rate was reduced by about 50% when compared to the rate observed without vibration. Increasing the module packing density from 16% to 50% resulted in a similar rate of water-flux decline, indicating that the fouling propensity was not increased with packing density in the presence of vibration.
Cooperative Hybrid Semi-Supervised Learning for Text Sentiment Classification
Authors: Li Yang , Lv Ying , Wang Suge , Liang Jiye , Li Juanzi , Li Xiaoli
Published: January 2019

A large-scale and high-quality training dataset is an important guarantee to learn an ideal classifier for text sentiment classification. However, manually constructing such a training dataset with sentiment labels is a labor-intensive and time-consuming task. Therefore, based on the idea of effectively utilizing unlabeled samples, a synthetical framework that covers the whole process of semi-supervised learning from seed selection, iterative modification of the training text set, to the co-training strategy of the classifier is proposed in this paper for text sentiment classification. To provide an important basis for selecting the seed texts and modifying the training text set, three kinds of measures—the cluster similarity degree of an unlabeled text, the cluster uncertainty degree of a pseudo-label text to a learner, and the reliability degree of a pseudo-label text to a learner—are defined. With these measures, a seed selection method based on Random Swap clustering, a hybrid modification method of the training text set based on active learning and self-learning, and an alternately co-training strategy of the ensemble classifier of the Maximum Entropy and Support Vector Machine are proposed and combined into our framework. The experimental results on three Chinese datasets (COAE2014, COAE2015, and a Hotel review, respectively) and five English datasets (Books, DVD, Electronics, Kitchen, and MR, respectively) in the real world verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Review of DSP Toxicity in Ireland: Long-Term Trend Impacts, Biodiversity and Toxin Profiles from a Monitoring Perspective
Authors: Salas Rafael , Clarke Dave
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this work is to review all the historical monitoring data gathered by the Marine Institute, the national reference laboratory for marine biotoxins in Ireland, including all the biological and chemical data from 2005 to 2017, in relation to diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxicity in shellfish production. The data reviewed comprises over 25,595 water samples, which were preserved in Lugol’s iodine and analysed for the abundance and composition of marine microalgae by light microscopy, and 18,166 records of shellfish flesh samples, which were analysed using LC-MS/MS for the presence and concentration of the compounds okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxins-1 (DTX-1), dinophysistoxins-2 (DTX-2) and their hydrolysed esters, as well as pectenotoxins (PTXs). The results of this review suggest that DSP toxicity events around the coast of Ireland occur annually. According to the data reviewed, there has not been an increase in the periodicity or intensity of such events during the study period. Although the diversity of the Dinophysis species on the coast of Ireland is large, with 10 species recorded, the two main species associated with DSP events in Ireland are D. acuta and D. acuminata. Moreover, the main toxic compounds associated with these species are OA and DTX-2, but concentrations of the hydrolysed esters are generally found in higher amounts than the parent compounds in the shellfish samples. When D. acuta is dominant in the water samples, the DSP toxicity increases in intensity, and DTX-2 becomes the prevalent toxin. Pectenotoxins have only been analysed and reported since 2012, and these compounds had not been associated with toxic events in Ireland; however, in 2014, concentrations of these compounds were quantitated for the first time, and the data suggest that this toxic event was associated with an unusually high number of observations of D. tripos that year. The areas of the country most affected by DSP outbreaks are those engaging in long-line mussel (Mytilus edulis) aquaculture.
Mycotoxins and Mycotoxin Producing Fungi in Pollen: Review
Authors: Kostić Aleksandar Ž. , Milinčić Danijel D. , Petrović Tanja S. , Krnjaja Vesna S. , Stanojević Sladjana P. , Barać Miroljub B. , Tešić Živoslav Lj. , Pešić Mirjana B.
Published: January 2019

Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and aw values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotoxins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins.
Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular Entry
Authors: Vo Nguyen T. K. , Guerreiro Matthew , Yaparla Amulya , Grayfer Leon , DeWitte-Orr Stephanie J.
Published: January 2019

Frog virus 3 (FV3) is the type species of the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae). FV3 and FV3-like viruses are globally distributed infectious agents with the capacity to replicate in three vertebrate classes (teleosts, amphibians, and reptiles). At the cellular level, FV3 and FV3-like viruses can infect cells from virtually all vertebrate classes. To date, the cellular receptors that are involved in the FV3 entry process are unknown. Class A scavenger receptors (SR-As) are a family of evolutionarily conserved cell-surface receptors that bind a wide range of chemically distinct polyanionic ligands and can function as cellular receptors for other DNA viruses, including vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus. The present study aimed to determine whether SR-As are involved in FV3 cellular entry. By using well-defined SR-A competitive and non-competitive ligand-blocking assays and absolute qPCR, we demonstrated that the SR-A competitive ligands drastically reduced the quantities of cell-associated viral loads in frog cells. Moreover, inducing the expression of a human SR-AI in an SR-A null cell line significantly increased FV3–cell association. Together, our results indicate that SR-As are utilized by FV3 during the cellular entry process.
New Viruses from the Ectoparasite Mite Varroa destructor Infesting Apis mellifera and Apis cerana
Authors: Levin Sofia , Sela Noa , Erez Tal , Nestel David , Pettis Jeffery , Neumann Peter , Chejanovsky Nor
Published: January 2019

Varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite of Asian or Eastern honeybees Apis cerana (A. cerana) which has become a serious threat to European subspecies of Western honeybees Apis mellifera (A. mellifera) within the last century. V. destructor and its vectored honeybee viruses became serious threats for colony survival. This is a short period for pathogen- and host-populations to adapt. To look for possible variation in the composition of viral populations we performed RNA metagenomic analysis of the Western honeybee subspecies A. m. ligustica, A. m. syriaca, A. m. intermissa, and A. cerana and their respective V. destructor mites. The analysis revealed two novel viruses: Varroa orthomyxovirus-1 (VOV-1) in A. mellifera and V. destructor and a Hubei like-virga virus-14 homolog in V. destructor. VOV-1 was more prevalent in V. destructor than in A. mellifera and we found evidence for viral replication in both hosts. Interestingly, we found differences in viral loads of A. cerana and their V. destructor, A. m. intermissa, and its V. destructor showed partial similarity, while A. m. ligustica and A. m. syriaca and their varroa where very similar. Deformed wing virus exhibited 82.20%, 99.20%, 97.90%, and 0.76% of total viral reads in A. m. ligustica, A. m. syriaca, A. m. intermissa, and A. cerana, respectively. This is the first report of a complete segmented-single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus genome in honeybees and V. destructor mites.
PSMB1 Negatively Regulates the Innate Antiviral Immunity by Facilitating Degradation of IKK-ε
Authors: Wu Fangyi , Niu Zhenmin , Zhou Bin , Li Pengcheng , Qian Feng
Published: January 2019

Proteasome is a large protein complex, which degrades most intracellular proteins. It regulates numerous cellular processes, including the removal of misfolded or unfolded proteins, cell cycle control, and regulation of apoptosis. However, the function of proteasome subunits in viral immunity has not been well characterized. In this study, we identified PSMB1, a member of the proteasome β subunits (PSMB) family, as a negative regulator of innate immune responses during viral infection. Knockdown of PSMB1 enhanced the RNA virus-induced cytokine and chemokine production. Overexpression of PSMB1 abolished virus-induced activation of the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) and interferon beta (IFNβ) promoters. Mechanistically, PSMB1 inhibited the activation of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling pathways. PSMB1 was induced after viral infection and its interaction with IKK-ε promoted degradation of IKK-ε through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Collectively, our study demonstrates PSMB1 is an important regulator of innate immune signaling.
Modeling Hydro-Dynamics in a Harbor Area in the Daishan Island, China
Authors: Li Yuting , Song Zhiyao , Peng Guoqiang , Fang Xuwen , Li Ruijie , Chen Peng , Hong Haoyuan
Published: January 2019

This study presents an incorporation and application of a two-dimensional, unstructured-grid hydrodynamic model with a suspended sediment transport module in Daishan, China. The model is verified with field measurement data from 2017: water level, flow velocities and suspended sediment concentration (SSC). In the application on the Daishan, the performance of the hydrodynamic model has been satisfactorily validated against observed variations of available measurement stations. Coupled with the hydrodynamic model, a sediment transport model has been developed and tested. The simulations agreed quantitatively with the observations. The validated model was applied to the construction of breakwaters and docks under a different plan. The model can calculate the flow field and siltation situation under different breakwater settings. After we have analyzed the impact of existing breakwater layout schemes and sediment transport, a reasonable plan will be selected. The results show that the sea area near the north of Yanwo Shan and Dongken Shan has a large flow velocity exceeding 2.0 m/s and the flow velocity within the isobath of 5 m is small, within 0.6 m/s. According to the sediment calculation, the dock project is feasible. However, the designed width of the fairway should be increased to ensure the navigation safety of the ship according to variation characteristics of cross flow velocity in channel.
Prediction of Sewage Treatment Cost in Rural Regions with Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines
Authors: Wang Yumin , Wu Lei , Engel Bernard
Published: January 2019

In this paper, to interpret the cost structure of decentralized wastewater treatment plants (DWWTPs) in rural regions, a simple nonparametric regression algorithm known as multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) was proposed and applied to simulate the construction cost (CC), operation and maintenance cost (OMC), and total cost (TC). The effects of design treatment capacity (DTC), removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (RCOD), and removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (RNH3-N) on the cost functions of CC, OMC, and TC were analyzed in detail. The results indicated that: (1) DTC is the most important parameter to determine cost structure with relative importance of 100%, followed by RCOD and RNH3-N with relative importance of 16.55%, and 9.75%, respectively; (2) when DTC is less than 5 m3/d, the slopes of CC and TC on DTC are constants of 1.923 and 1.809, respectively, with no relationship with RCOD and RNH3-N; (3) when DTC is less than 20 m3/d, the OMC is a constant of 435 RMB/year; and (4) in other cases, CC, OMC, and TC are related to RCOD and RNH3-N besides DTC. Compared with widely used support vector machine (SVM) models and multiple linear regression (MLR) models, the MARS model has better statistical significance with greater R values and smaller RMSE and MAPE values, which indicated that the MARS model is a better way to approximate the cost for DWWTPs.
Oxazepam Alters the Behavior of Crayfish at Diluted Concentrations, Venlafaxine Does Not
Authors: Kubec Jan , Hossain Md Shakhawate , Grabicová Kateřina , Randák Tomáš , Kouba Antonín , Grabic Roman , Roje Sara , Buřič Miloš
Published: January 2019

Pharmaceutically active compounds are only partially removed from wastewaters and hence may be major contaminants of freshwaters. Direct and indirect effects on aquatic organisms are reported at dilute concentrations. This study was focused on the possible effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (~1 µg L−1) of two psychoactive compounds on the behavior of freshwater crayfish. Experimental animals exposed to venlafaxine did not show any behavioral alteration. Crayfish exposed to the benzodiazepine oxazepam exhibited a significant alteration in the distance moved and activity, and the effects were different when individuals were ready for reproduction. Results suggested that even the low concentration of selected psychoactive pharmaceuticals could alter the behavioral patterns of crayfish, as reported for other pharmaceuticals. These results provide new information about the possible adverse effects of pharmaceuticals at dilute concentrations. From previous knowledge and our results, it is obvious that different compounds have different effects and the effects are even specific for different taxa. Detailed studies are therefore needed to assess the possible ecological consequences of particular substances, as well as for their mixtures.
Stabilized Formulation for Modeling the Erosion/Deposition Flux of Sediment in Circulation/CFD Models
Authors: Chou Yi-Ju , Shao Yun-Chuan , Sheng Yi-Hao , Cheng Che-Jung
Published: January 2019

In field-scale modeling, when the resuspension of sediment is modeled using a hydrodynamic model, a standard and common approach is to add a resuspension flux as the bottom boundary condition in the transport model. In this study, we show that the way of simply imposing an empirical bottom erosion formula as the flux is actually unrealistic. Its inability to stabilize the sediment concentration can cause excessive suspension fluxes in some extreme cases. Moreover, we present a modified erosion/deposition formula to model the resuspension of sediment. The formulation is based on volume conservation in the presence of erosion/deposition near the bottom. By taking into account the prescribed dry density of the bed material, the proposed formulation is able to produce realistic near-bed concentrations while ensuring model stability. The formulation is then tested in a one-dimensional vertical model and field modeling cases using a three-dimensional coastal circulation model. We show that the modified formulation is particularly important in modeling mud resuspension subject to the large bottom stress, which can be a result of waves or a strong river discharge.
Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics in The Design and Rehabilitation of Nonstandard Vertical Slot Fishways
Authors: Sanagiotto Daniela Guzzon , Rossi Júlia Brusso , Bravo Juan Martín
Published: January 2019

Vertical slot fishways are increasingly common structures for the passage of a wide variety of migratory fish and contribute to the maintenance of fish diversity in fragmented rivers. These structures are designed with several geometric arrangements and, consequently, flow patterns through them can be shaped to present suitable characteristics for the fish species. To aid in the design of vertical slot fishways, a three-dimensional numerical model was used to simulate the flow for different geometric configurations. An existing vertical slot fishway with nonstandard dimensions was initially modeled and validated. This geometry was used as a reference design. Modifications to the reference design, such as the insertion of cylinders, changes in the baffle shape and position of the vertical slots, as possible rehabilitation measures, were proposed and tested. In summary, five different designs were evaluated with several slopes, totaling 17 geometries. Hydraulic parameters, flow patterns, maximum velocities, velocity fields and turbulence kinetic energy in the pools were analyzed. The results indicate that the maximum velocity values were between 9% and 68% higher than those obtained by the theoretical equation. This indicates that maximum velocities can be underestimated for nonstandard vertical slot fishways if a simplified evaluation is conducted. The insertion of cylinders in the region close to the slot reduces the maximum velocity up to 8.2%. The positioning of the vertical slots on alternating sides increases the maximum values of turbulence kinetic energy and the regions subjected to higher values. However, this configuration provided greater energy dissipation and reduction of velocities by up to 27%. Thus, modifications in nonstandard vertical slot fishways can be useful in future design or rehabilitation of existing structures in order to provide velocities and turbulence more friendly for a higher number of fish species.
Olefin metathesis in multiblock copolymer synthesis
Authors: Gringolts Maria L , Denisova Yulia I , Finkelshtein Eugene Sh , Kudryavtsev Yaroslav V
Published: January 2019

Multiblock copolymers constitute a basis for an emerging class of nanomaterials that combine various functional properties with durability and enhanced mechanical characteristics. Our mini-review addresses synthetic approaches to the design of multiblock copolymers from unsaturated monomers and polymers using olefin metathesis reactions and other ways of chemical modification across double C=C bonds. The main techniques, actively developed during the last decade and discussed here, are the coupling of end-functionalized blocks, sequential ring-opening metathesis polymerization, and cross metathesis between unsaturated polymers, or macromolecular cross metathesis. The last topic attracts special interest due to its relative simplicity and broad opportunities to tailor the structure and hence the properties of the copolymer products. Whenever possible, we analyze the structure–property relations for multiblock copolymers and point to their possible practical applications.
Distant Comet C/2017 K2 and the Cohesion Bottleneck
Authors: Jewitt David , Agarwal Jessica , Hui Man-To , Li Jing , Mutchler Max , Weaver Harold
Published: January 2019

The distant long-period comet C/2017 K2 (PANSTARRS) has been outside the planetary region of the solar system for ∼3 Myr, negating the possibility that heat retained from the previous perihelion could be responsible for its activity. This inbound comet is also too cold for water ice to sublimate and too cold for amorphous water ice, if present, to crystallize. C/2017 K2 thus presents an ideal target in which to investigate the mechanisms responsible for activity in distant comets. We have used the Hubble Space Telescope to study the comet in the pre-perihelion heliocentric distance range 13.8 ≤ r

H
 ≤ 15.9 au. In this range, the coma maintains a logarithmic surface brightness gradient m = −1.010 ± 0.004, consistent with mass loss proceeding in steady state. The absence of a radiation pressure swept tail indicates that the effective particle size is large (radius ≳0.1 mm) and the mass-loss rate is ∼200 kg s−1, remarkable for a comet still beyond the orbit of Saturn. Extrapolation of the photometry indicates that activity began in 2012.1 ± 0.5, at r

H
 = 25.9 ± 0.9 au, where the isothermal blackbody temperature is only T

BB
 = 55 K. This large distance and low temperature suggest that cometary activity is driven by the sublimation of a super-volatile ice (e.g., CO), presumably preserved by K2's long-term residence in the Oort cloud. The mass-loss rate can be sustained by CO sublimation from an area ≲2 km2, if located near the hot subsolar point on the nucleus. However, while the drag force from sublimated CO is sufficient to lift millimeter-sized particles against the gravity of the cometary nucleus, it is 102–103 times too small to eject these particles against interparticle cohesion. Our observations thus require either a new understanding of the physics of interparticle cohesion or the introduction of another mechanism to drive distant cometary mass loss. We suggest thermal fracture and electrostatic supercharging in this context.
Atmospheric Dynamics and the Variable Transit of KELT-9 b*
Authors: Cauley P. Wilson , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Ilyin Ilya , Strassmeier Klaus G. , Redfield Seth , Jensen Adam
Published: January 2019

We present a spectrally and temporally resolved detection of the optical Mg i triplet at 7.8σ in the extended atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9 b, adding to the list of detected metal species in the hottest gas giant currently known. Constraints are placed on the density and radial extent of the excited hydrogen envelope using simultaneous observations of Hα and Hβ under the assumption of a spherically symmetric atmosphere. We find that planetary rotational broadening of

km s−1 is necessary to reproduce the Balmer line transmission profile shapes, where the model including rotation is strongly preferred over the non-rotating model using a Bayesian information criterion comparison. The time series of both metal line and hydrogen absorption show remarkable structure, suggesting that the atmosphere observed during this transit is dynamic rather than static. We detect a relative emission feature near the end of the transit which exhibits a P-Cygni-like shape, evidence of material moving at ≈50–100 km s−1 away from the planet. We hypothesize that the in-transit variability and subsequent P-Cygni-like profiles are due to a flaring event that caused the atmosphere to expand, resulting in unbound material being accelerated to high speeds by stellar radiation pressure. Further spectroscopic transit observations will help establish the frequency of such events.
Optical Detection of Star Formation in a Cold Dust Cloud in the Counterjet Direction of Centaurus A
Authors: Keel William C. , Banfield Julie K. , Medling Anne M. , Neff Susan G.
Published: January 2019

We have identified a set of optical emission-line features 700″ (12 kpc) to the southwest of the nucleus of Centaurus A, roughly opposite to the radio jet and well-known optical emission filaments associated with the northern radio structure. This location is roughly along the axis of the southwestern radio lobes, although there is no coherent jet at this radius. We use integral-field optical spectroscopy to trace the ratios of strong emission lines, showing changes in excitation across the region, and significant local reddening. The emission regions are spatially associated with far-infrared emission peaks in one of two cold dust clouds identified using Herschel and Spitzer data, and there may be a mismatch between the low temperature of the dust and the expected heating effect of young stars. The strong emission lines have ratios consistent with photoionization in normal H ii regions, requiring only modest numbers of OB stars; these stars and their cooler accompanying populations must be largely obscured along our line of sight. These data fit with a picture of fairly ordinary formation of clusters in a large giant molecular cloud, or network of such clouds. The location, projected near the radio-source axis and within the radius where a starburst wind has been inferred on the other side of the galaxy, raises the question of whether this star-forming episode was enhanced or indeed triggered by an outflow from the central parts of Centaurus A. However, the level of star formation is normal for the associated cold-gas mass and column density, and optical emission-line ratios and line widths limit the role of shocks on the gas, so any interaction with an outflow, associated either with the radio source or star formation in the gas-rich disk of Centaurus A, can at most have compressed the gas weakly. We speculate that the presence of similar star-forming regions on both sides of the galaxy, contrasted with the difference in the character of the emission-line clouds, reflects the presence of a collimated radio jet to the northeast and perhaps anisotropic escape of ionizing radiation from the AGN as well. In this view, the star formation on the southwestern side of Cen A could be enhanced indirectly via compression by a broad outflow (whether originated by a starburst or AGN), distinct from the radio jet and lobes.
The Impact of the Environment on the Early Stages of Radio Source Evolution
Authors: Sobolewska Małgosia , Siemiginowska Aneta , Guainazzi Matteo , Hardcastle Martin , Migliori Giulia , Ostorero Luisa , Stawarz Łukasz
Published: January 2019

Compact symmetric objects (CSOs) show radio features such as jets, lobes, and hot spots that are contained within the central 1 kpc region of their host galaxy. Thus, they are thought to be among the progenitors of large-scale radio galaxies. A debate regarding whether the CSOs are compact primarily because they are young or because they are surrounded by a dense medium impacting their expansion is ongoing. Until now, attempts to discriminate between the environmental and genuine youthfulness scenarios have been inconclusive. We present a study of three CSOs selected on the basis of their puzzling X-ray absorbing properties in prior Beppo-SAX and/or Chandra X-ray Observatory data. Our new XMM-Newton observations unambiguously confirm the nature of their X-ray absorbers. Furthermore, for the first time, our X-ray data reveal the existence of a population of CSOs with intrinsic hydrogen column density N
H > 1023 cm−2 that is different from the population of X-ray unabsorbed CSOs. The two groups appear to be separated in the linear size versus radio power plane. This finding suggests that a dense medium in X-ray obscured CSOs may be able to confine the radio jets. Alternatively, X-ray obscured CSOs could be seen as radio brighter than their unobscured counterparts either because they reside in a dense environment or because they have larger jet powers. Our results help constrain the origin of the X-ray emission and the location and size of the X-ray obscurer in CSOs, and indicate that the environment may play a key role during the initial expansion of a radio source.
An Adaptive Optics Survey of Stellar Variability at the Galactic Center
Authors: Gautam Abhimat Krishna , Do Tuan , Ghez Andrea M. , Morris Mark R. , Martinez Gregory D. , Hosek Matthew W. , Lu Jessica R. , Sakai Shoko , Witzel Gunther , Jia Siyao , Becklin Eric E. , Matthews Keith
Published: January 2019

We present an ≈11.5 yr adaptive optics (AO) study of stellar variability and search for eclipsing binaries in the central ∼0.4 pc (∼10″) of the Milky Way nuclear star cluster. We measure the photometry of 563 stars using the Keck II NIRC2 imager (K′-band, λ
0 = 2.124 μm). We achieve a photometric uncertainty floor of Δm

K′ ∼ 0.03 (≈3%), comparable to the highest precision achieved in other AO studies. Approximately half of our sample (50% ± 2%) shows variability: 52% ± 5% of known early-type young stars and 43% ± 4% of known late-type giants are variable. These variability fractions are higher than those of other young, massive star populations or late-type giants in globular clusters, and can be largely explained by two factors. First, our experiment time baseline is sensitive to long-term intrinsic stellar variability. Second, the proper motion of stars behind spatial inhomogeneities in the foreground extinction screen can lead to variability. We recover the two known Galactic center eclipsing binary systems: IRS 16SW and S4-258 (E60). We constrain the Galactic center eclipsing binary fraction of known early-type stars to be at least 2.4% ± 1.7%. We find no evidence of an eclipsing binary among the young S-stars nor among the young stellar disk members. These results are consistent with the local OB eclipsing binary fraction. We identify a new periodic variable, S2-36, with a 39.43 days period. Further observations are necessary to determine the nature of this source.
The JCMT Transient Survey: An Extraordinary Submillimeter Flare in the T Tauri Binary System JW 566
Authors: Mairs Steve , Lalchand Bhavana , Bower Geoffrey C. , Forbrich Jan , Bell Graham S. , Herczeg Gregory J. , Johnstone Doug , Chen Wen-Ping , Lee Jeong-Eun , Hacar Alvaro
Published: January 2019

The binary T Tauri system JW 566 in the Orion Molecular Cloud underwent an energetic, short-lived flare observed at submillimeter wavelengths by the SCUBA-2 instrument on 2016 November 26 (UT). The emission faded by nearly 50% during the 31 minute integration. The simultaneous source fluxes averaged over the observation are

at 450 μm and

at 850 μm. The 850 μm flux corresponds to a radio luminosity of

, approximately one order of magnitude brighter (in terms of

) than that of a flare of the young star GMR-A, detected in Orion in 2003 at 3mm. The event may be the most luminous known flare associated with a young stellar object and is also the first coronal flare discovered at submillimeter wavelengths. The spectral index between 450 and 850 μm of α = 0.11 is broadly consistent with nonthermal emission. The brightness temperature was in excess of

. We interpret this event to be a magnetic reconnection that energized charged particles to emit gyrosynchrotron/synchrotron radiation.
Quantifying the CMB Degeneracy between the Matter Density and Hubble Constant in Current Experiments
Authors: Kable Joshua A. , Addison Graeme E. , Bennett Charles L.
Published: January 2019

We revisit the degeneracy between the Hubble constant, H
0, and matter density, Ω
m
, for current cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations within the standard ΛCDM model. We show that Planck, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), South Pole Telescope (SPT), and Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol) temperature power spectra produce different values of the exponent x from minimizing the variance of the product

. The distribution of x from the different data sets does not follow the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) best-fit values for H
0 or Ω
m
. Particularly striking is the difference between Planck multipoles ℓ ≤ 800 (x = 2.81), and WMAP (x = 2.94), despite very similar best-fit cosmologies. We use a Fisher matrix analysis to show that, in fact, this range in exponent values is exactly as expected in ΛCDM given the multipole coverage and power spectrum uncertainties for each experiment. We show that the difference in x from the Planck ℓ ≤ 800 and WMAP data is explained by a turning point in the relationship between x and the maximum effective multipole, at around ℓ = 700. The value of x is determined by several physical effects, and we highlight the significant impact of gravitational lensing for the high-multipole measurements. Despite the spread of H
0 values from different CMB experiments, the experiments are consistent with their sampling of the Ω
m
 − H
0 degeneracy and do not show evidence for the need for new physics or for the presence of significant underestimated systematics according to these tests. The Fisher calculations can be used to predict the Ω
m
 − H
0 degeneracy of future experiments.
Searching a Thousand Radio Pulsars for Gamma-Ray Emission
Authors: Smith D. A. , Bruel P. , Cognard I. , Cameron A. D. , Camilo F. , Dai S. , Guillemot L. , Johnson T. J. , Johnston S. , Keith M. J. , Kerr M. , Kramer M. , Lyne A. G. , Manchester R. N. , Shannon R. , Sobey C. , Stappers B. W. , Weltevrede P.
Published: January 2019

Identifying as many gamma-ray pulsars as possible in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data helps test pulsar emission models by comparing predicted and observed properties for a large, varied sample with as little selection bias as possible. It also improves extrapolations from the observed population to estimate the contribution of unresolved pulsars to the diffuse gamma-ray emission. We use a recently developed method to determine the probability that a given gamma-ray photon comes from a known position in the sky, convolving the photon’s energy with the LAT’s energy-dependent point-spread function, without the need for an accurate spatial and spectral model of the gamma-ray sky around the pulsar. The method is simple and fast and, importantly, provides probabilities, or weights, for gamma-rays from pulsars too faint for phase-integrated detection. We applied the method to over a thousand pulsars for which we obtained rotation ephemerides from radio observations, and discovered gamma-ray pulsations from 16 pulsars, 12 young and 4 recycled. PSR J2208+4056 has spindown power

erg s−1, about three times lower than the previous observed gamma-ray emission “deathline.” PSRs J2208+4056 and J1816−0755 have radio interpulses, constraining their geometry and perhaps enhancing their gamma-ray luminosity. We discuss whether the deathline is an artifact of selection bias due to the pulsar distance.
Identifying the 3FHL Catalog. I. Archival Swift Observations and Source Classification
Authors: Kaur A. , Ajello M. , Marchesi S. , Omodei N.
Published: January 2019

We present the results of an identification campaign of unassociated sources from the Fermi Large Area Telescope 3FHL catalog. Out of 200 unidentified sources, we selected 110 sources for which archival Swift-XRT observations were available, 52 of which were found to have exactly one X-ray counterpart within the 3FHL 95% positional uncertainty. In this work, we report the X-ray, optical, IR, and radio properties of these 52 sources using positional associations with objects in various catalogs. The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer color–color plot for sources suggests that most of these belong to the blazar class family. The redshift measurements for these objects range from z = 0.277 to z = 2.1. Additionally, under the assumption that the majority of these sources are blazars, three machine-learning algorithms are employed to classify the sample into flat spectrum radio quasars or BL Lacertae objects. These suggest that the majority of the previously unassociated sources are BL Lac objects, in agreement with the fact the BL Lac objects represent by far the most numerous population detected above 10 GeV in 3FHL.
Implications of the Warm Corona and Relativistic Reflection Models for the Soft Excess in Mrk 509
Authors: García Javier A. , Kara Erin , Walton Dominic , Beuchert Tobias , Dauser Thomas , Gatuzz Efrain , Balokovic Mislav , Steiner James F. , Tombesi Francesco , Connors Riley M. T. , Kallman Timothy R. , Harrison Fiona A. , Fabian Andrew , Wilms Jörn , Stern Daniel , Lanz Lauranne , Ricci Claudio , Ballantyne David R.
Published: January 2019

We present the analysis of the first Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array observations (∼220 ks), simultaneous with the last Suzaku observations (∼50 ks), of the active galactic nucleus of the bright Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509. The time-averaged spectrum in the 1–79 keV X-ray band is dominated by a power-law continuum (Γ ∼ 1.8–1.9), a strong soft excess around 1 keV, and signatures of X-ray reflection in the form of Fe K emission (∼6.4 keV), an Fe K absorption edge (∼7.1 keV), and a Compton hump due to electron scattering (∼20–30 keV). We show that these data can be described by two very different prescriptions for the soft excess: a warm (kT ∼ 0.5–1 keV) and optically thick (τ ∼ 10–20) Comptonizing corona or a relativistically blurred ionized reflection spectrum from the inner regions of the accretion disk. While these two scenarios cannot be distinguished based on their fit statistics, we argue that the parameters required by the warm corona model are physically incompatible with the conditions of standard coronae. Detailed photoionization calculations show that even in the most favorable conditions, the warm corona should produce strong absorption in the observed spectrum. On the other hand, while the relativistic reflection model provides a satisfactory description of the data, it also requires extreme parameters, such as maximum black hole spin, a very low and compact hot corona, and a very high density for the inner accretion disk. Deeper observations of this source are thus necessary to confirm the presence of relativistic reflection and further understand the nature of its soft excess.
Plecoptera of Canada
Authors: Kondratieff Boris C. , DeWalt R. Edward , Verdone Chris J.
Published: January 2019

Currently, a total of 267 stonefly species are known for Canada. The biodiversity hotspot of Canadian stoneflies is British Columbia with at least 138 species, nearly 52% of all species known from Canada. Four families, the Perlodidae, Capniidae, Chloroperlidae, and Nemouridae, contain nearly 75% of all species known to occur in Canada. The family with the fewest species represented in Canada is the Peltoperlidae. The stonefly fauna of Canada consists of two major faunal assemblages, west and east. The western clade consists of those species inhabiting Manitoba, all provinces to the west, and the three territories. The eastern clade consists of species from Ontario eastward. The two clades share only 29 species (10.9% of the Canadian total), suggesting a separate origin for each clade. The available taxonomic literature for the stoneflies of Canada is reviewed.
Mecoptera of Canada
Authors: Blades David C.A.
Published: January 2019

The Mecoptera are represented in Canada by 25 extant species in four families, an increase of three species since the prior assessment in 1979. An additional 18 or more species and one family are expected to occur in Canada based on distributional records, recent collections and DNA analyses. The Barcode of Life Data System currently lists 24 Barcode Index Numbers for Canadian Mecoptera. There are nine species of fossil Mecoptera known from Canada.
Le biote du Canada: les arthropodes terrestres
Authors: Langor David W. , Sheffield Cory S.
Published: January 2019

N/A
Dafne, una fabula en la Corte de Felipe II
Authors: Ramos López Pilar
Published: January 2019

No disponible
Cristóbal Galán maestro della Cappella civica di Cagliari (1653-1656)
Authors: Spanu Gian Nicola
Published: January 2019

Not available
La música en las imágenes procesionales del Arte Barroco hispano
Authors: Álvarez Rosario
Published: January 2019

No disponible
Les àries del villancets d'Emmanuel Gònima ( 1712-1792): Notes entorn l'evolució de l’ària en la música religiosa a la Catalunya del segle XVIII
Authors: Rifé i Santaló Jordi
Published: January 2019

Not available
El incendio del Teatro de Zaragoza en 1778
Authors: Alier Roger
Published: January 2019

No disponible
Apuntes sobre la recepción de la Música abierta en España
Authors: Medina Álvarez Ángel
Published: January 2019

Las publicaciones en torno a la música española de las últimas décadas han aumentado sensiblemente desde hace algunos años. Donde más se ha notado este incremento ha sido en el terreno de las monografías sobre compositores, hasta el punto de que, entre las ya publicadas y aquellas otras que están en fase de redacción, el grueso de los compositores de la Generación del 51 (y algunos de las siguientes promociones) contará con su correspondiente estudio monográfico . No faltan tampoco visiones generales de esta etapa, ni programas o catálogos con documentación de interés . La propia voz de los compositores se ha dejado oír con frecuencia en numerosas tribunas, habiendo sido recogidos tales autoanálisis —extremadamente irregulares desde una valoración mínimamente crítica— en diversas actas y publicaciones. Sin embargo, el análisis de la evolución estética de nuestra música no se ha detenido con igual intensidad en cada una de las corrientes que la nutren y que le han dado su actual fisonomía. Así por ejemplo, la recepción del dodecafonismo, por citar una corriente de amplios vuelos internacionales, ha sido ya estudiada con mayor detalle para Cataluña, pero con pinceladas de interés sobre otros lugares.
Aproximación al Hoquetus in seculum
Authors: Asensio Palacios Juan Carlos
Published: January 2019

La presencia del hoquetus In soeculum en el manuscrito Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional mss. 20486, corrobora el testimonio del Anónimo IV de Coussemaker quien atribuye esta pieza a «un cierto [autor] hispano». Su particular notación cuenta con el apoyo de posteriores versiones en notación prefranconiana que clarifican varios de los «puntos oscuros» dejados por la notación de Notre-Dame propia de Ma. No obstante, se observan algunos detalles notacionales hasta ahora inéditos, orientados a ayudar a los cantores o instrumentistas a establecer con claridad el procedimiento hoquético. Nos encontramos ante la primera pieza polifónica auténticamente hispana. La presencia de In soeculum y de otras única del manuscrito Ma nos informa de la actividad musical de los hispanos, nada desdeñable a juzgar por los hechos musicales.
Francisco Guerrero en sus Opera Omnia
Authors: Llorens Josep M.
Published: January 2019

El maestro de capilla y polifonista Francisco Guerrero (1528-1599) es una gloria de nuestro país, el compositor de temple hispánico más acusado, el único del siglo que, permaneciendo en la península, vio sus obras impresas en España, Francia, Italia y Flandes. La pervivencia, asimismo, de composiciones suyas manuscritas en numerosas colegiatas y catedrales españolas del Kuevo Mundo, de uso cotidiano en la liturgia hasta finales del siglo XVIII, le hacen acreedor, al igual que aMorales y Victoria, de la publicación de sus «Opera Omnia». En este artículo se presenta la personalidad artística del maestro por entre un espécimen selectivo de su extensa obra musical en latín y en castellano, reunida en la Serie que se describe y a la que se deberá acudir, tanto para el conocimiento del autor como para la ejecución y difusión de su música a través de los múltiples medios que interpretan polifonía del renacimiento.
Organistes i mestres de capella de la diòcesi de Girona
Authors: Marquès Josep M.
Published: January 2019

Des de 1554 a 1835 la práctica musical s'institucionalitzà a la diòcesi de Girona en 26 parroquies, sis monestirs, tres col•legiates i dos santuaris, que comptaren amb organista permanent, en total 37 esglésies, a mes de la catedral. El titular del càrrec, a més de tocar l'instrument, havia de compondré peces noves i d'ensenyar música gratuïtament. En set localitats, a més, existí el càrrec de mestre de capella. Se sostenien amb fundacions, que resultaren empobrides per la desamortització de 1835. El nombre d'organistes, no obstant, va créixer encara entre els anys 1875 i 1936. La baixa del nombre de sacerdots després de 1939, causà una dràstica disminució de la música eclesiàstica, tot i que una devaluació de la funció musical ja es pot constatar en la política del bisbat des de principis del segle XX. En l'article es documenten les fundacions i 391 organistes i mestres de capella de la diòcesi, entre 1554 i 1987, a partir de l'Arxiu Diocesà de Girona.
Federico Garcia Lorca as Folklorist: the Ibero-American Romance de don Gato
Authors: Katz Israel J. , Tinnell Roger D.
Published: January 2019

Federico Garcia Lorca's interest in ballads {romances) dates from his childhood. Among his unedited hand-written manuscripts in the archives of the Fundación F. García Lorca (Madrid) is a version of the widely-diffused Romance de don Gato whose source he did not reveal. Utilizing its text, we have sought out some sixty orally transmitted variants, including that of his sister Isabel, together with musical transcriptions representing some twenty-three sung versions and variants from among unedited and published Castilian, Catalan, Galician, Valencian, Portuguese, Sephardic, and New World sources.
Relación música/texto en el canto gregoriano y en la polifonía y el concepto humanista de ritmo musical
Authors: González Valle José-Vicente
Published: January 2019

El presente trabajo ofrece una reflexión, siguiendo el hilo conductor de la "relación música/texto", sobre el concepto humanista del ritmo en el Canto Gregoriano. Las consecuencias de dicha concepción llegaron a afectar también a la polifonía vocal, en cuyo caso, diríamos que para su bien.