bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aquatic Ecosystem Health Assessment of Poyang Lake through Extension Evaluation Method
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Zhu Hongyun , Li Bing , Yang Guishan , Wan Rongrong
Published: January 2021

Freshwater lakes encounter a series of problems, such as a decline in lake water quality, a sharp decrease in biodiversity, and ecological degradation. As such, lacustrine studies by highly skilled professionals and managers with water resources at home and abroad have focused on assessing the aquatic ecosystem health status of lakes. In this study, the health status of the aquatic ecosystem in the largest freshwater lake in China (Poyang Lake) was assessed, and its temporal and spatial characteristics were illustrated. The index contained three element layers, including hydrologic characteristics, trophic status, and aquatic organisms. The health status of the aquatic ecosystem was classified into three categories: ‘good’, ‘moderate’ (subhealthy), and ‘bad’. It was examined through extension evaluation method. Results showed ‘moderate’ health status, whereas remarkable seasonal and spatially variations. The annual changes in the health status were remarkably due to the influence of complex hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions. This study provides an overall understanding of the aquatic ecosystem evaluation in Poyang Lake. Such an understanding is vital for environmental conservation and identification of causes of the aquatic ecosystem degradation in Poyang Lake.
Effect of Drip Irrigation on Soil Water Balance and Water Use Efficiency of Maize in Northwest China
Authors: Wang Yahui , Li Sien , Cui Yaokui , Qin Shujing , Guo Hui , Yang Danni , Wang Chunyu
Published: January 2021

Drip irrigation (DI) has been widely utilized for crops and its water-saving effect has been confirmed by numerous studies. However, whether this technology can save so much water under the field scale during practical application is still uncertain. In order to answer this question, evapotranspiration (ET), soil water content, transpiration and evaporation over the DI and border irrigation (BI) in an arid area of NW China were continuously measured by two eddy covariance systems, micro-lysimeters, the packaged stem sap flow gauges and CS616 sensors during 2014–2018 growing seasons. The results showed that the DI averagely increased crop water use efficiency (CWUE) by 11% per year against BI. The deep drainage under DI treatment was lower than BI by 8% averagely for the five-year period. While for the ET, the DI averagely decreased ET by 7% and 40mm per year against the traditional BI. The decrease in ET was mainly due to the significant reduction in soil evaporation instead of transpiration. Oppositely, we found that DI may increase maize (Zea mays L.) transpiration in some year for the better preponderant growth of crop. Thus, the accelerating effect on transpiration of DI and its reducing effect on soil evaporation should be considered simultaneously. In our experiment, DI only improved CWUE and WUE (water use efficiency) by 11% and 15% on average in a large farmland scale, unable to always be more than a 20% improvement, as concluded by many other field experiments. Consequently, the water-saving effect of DI should not be overestimated in water resource evaluation.
Characterizing Preferential Flow Paths in Texturally Similar Soils under Different Land Uses by Combining Drainage and Dye-Staining Methods
Authors: Zhang Youyan , Cao Zhe , Hou Fang , Cheng Jinhua
Published: January 2021

Preferential flow paths have been widely characterized by many visualization methods. However, the differences in preferential flow paths under various land uses and their relationships to hydraulic properties remain uncertain. The objectives of this study are to (1) characterize preferential flow paths under various land uses (forest and orchard) by combining drainage and dye-staining methods and to (2) build a connection between preferential flow paths and hydraulic-related parameters and extract the proportion of preferential flow paths from the compounding effects of matrix flow and preferential flow. The dye-staining experiments were conducted in five sandy soils and one sandy clay loam in situ, including four soils from forest and two soils from orchards. A total of 47 soil cores, 4 cm in height and 9 cm in diameter, were collected in each layer of the dye-stained soils for drainage experiments in the laboratory. Dye coverage and hydraulically equivalent macropore parameters (macroporosity, pore size distribution, and number of macropores) and their relationships were analyzed. The results show that the volume of preferential flow is partly affected by the total macropore volume. The effect of macropores on preferential flow varies by macropore size distribution. Dye coverage exhibited a significant (P < 0.01) correlation with macroporosity (correlation coefficient 0.83). Based on the value of macroporosity or steady effluent rates, the part of the dye coverage that was due to preferential flow on the surface dye-stained soil (resulting from both matrix and preferential flow) could be identified in this study. Compared with orchards, forestland has more preferential flow paths in both surface soil and subsoil. Further studies are needed to quantify the 3-D preferential flow paths and build a connection between preferential flow paths and hydraulic properties.
Numerical Study of Fluctuating Pressure on Stilling Basin Slab with Sudden Lateral Enlargement and Bottom Drop
Authors: Lu Yangliang , Yin Jinbu , Yang Zhou , Wei Kebang , Liu Zhiming
Published: January 2021

A stilling basin with sudden enlargement and bottom drop leads to complicated hydraulic characteristics, especially a fluctuating pressure distribution beneath 3D spatial hydraulic jumps. This paper used the large eddy simulation (LES) model and the TruVOF method based on FLOW-3D software to simulate the time-average pressure, root mean square (RMS) of fluctuating pressure, maximum and minimum pressure of a stilling basin slab. Compared with physical model results, the simulation results show that the LES model can simulate the fluctuating water flow pressure in a stilling basin reliably. The maximum value of RMS of fluctuating pressure appears in the vicinity of the front of the stilling basin and the extension line of the side wall. Based on the generating mechanism of fluctuating pressure and the Poisson Equation derived from the Navier–Stokes Equation, this paper provides a research method of combining quantitative analysis of influencing factors (fluctuating velocity, velocity gradient, and fluctuating vorticity) and qualitative analysis of the characteristics of fluctuating pressure. The distribution of fluctuating pressure in the swirling zone of the stilling basin and the wall-attached jet zone is mainly affected by the vortex and fluctuating flow velocity, respectively, and the distribution in the impinging zone is caused by fluctuating velocity, velocity gradient and fluctuating vorticity.
Soil Water Dynamics Under Different Land Uses in Loess Hilly Region in China by Stable Isotopic Tracing
Authors: Du Kang , Zhang Beiying , Li Linjuan
Published: January 2021

Exploring soil water dynamics under different land use types is important for water resource management and vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau. In this study, we investigated the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of soil water from four different land use types to explore the mechanism of soil water movement and transformation and analyse the influence of land use. The results show that the range of stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) in soil water was smaller than that in precipitation. Values for δD and δ18O in soil water showed relatively similar temporal variation, heavy isotopes were enriched in the soil water in July and depleted in October. Stable isotope values in shallow (<100 cm depth) soil water and deep (>200 cm depth) soil water were low. The δD and δ18O values in woodlands decreased gradually with increasing depth. Across the four land use types, the maximum variation in δD and δ18O was in the shallow depth of the soil profile. Groundwater was recharged mainly from precipitation and then from soil water. The ratio of groundwater recharge by soil water under different land use types followed this rank order: woodland (35.70%) > grassland (31.14%) > shrubland (29.47%) > cropland (29.18%). Matrix flow and preferential flow coexisted during infiltration, and the occurrence of preferential flow was related to the land use type. The main reason for the variation in isotopic composition in soil water is the difference in soil evaporation, which is influenced by different vegetation cover. Owing to the difference in soil evaporation and fractionation, precipitation on cropland, shrubland, and grassland can recharge more soil water than on woodland.
Climate Control of Multidecadal Variability in River Discharge and Precipitation in Western Europe
Authors: Jalón-Rojas Isabel , Castelle Bruno
Published: January 2021

The influence of large-scale climate variability on winter river discharge and precipitation across western Europe is investigated. We analyze 60 years of monthly precipitation and river flow data from 18 major western-European rivers and its relationship with dominant teleconnection patterns and climate indices in this region. Results show that winter river flow is characterized by large interannual variability, best correlates with (a) the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) at the far-northern (R up to 0.56) and southern latitudes (R up to −0.72), and (b) the West Europe Pressure Anomaly (WEPA) at the middle and northern latitudes, from 42° N to 55° N (R up to 0.83). These indices also explain the interannual variability in autumn and spring discharge in rivers characterized by secondary floods. Compared to the other leading modes of atmospheric variability, WEPA increases the correlations with winter precipitation up to 0.8 in many regions of western and central Europe. A positive WEPA corresponds to a southward shift and an intensification of the Icelandic-Low/Azores-High dipole, driving enhanced precipitation and river discharge in these regions. The correlations with precipitation are slightly higher than those with river discharge, particularly in France, with clear latitudinal gradient. This trend suggests that water storage variability and other catchment characteristics may also influence the interannual variability of river discharge. Seasonal forecasting of the WEPA and NAO winter indices can become a powerful tool in anticipating hydrological risks in this region.
How Much Does Water Management Cost? The Case of the Water Market in the Ñuble River of South-Central Chile
Authors: Buzolic Bratian , Arumí José Luis , Jimenez Jorge
Published: January 2021

Economic and population growth has increased the demand for freshwater worldwide, generating pressure on the environment and creating conflicts among users. Water markets have emerged as a solution for managing this resource, and Chile has been a pioneer in implementing this approach. However, most Chilean water markets are inefficient due to incomplete information, the poor flexibility of the water distribution system, and high transaction costs. This study analyzes the Ñuble River water market and estimates the economic and social costs of its inefficiencies through a methodology based on the marginal profitability of water, which simulates the operation of a perfect market for the Ñuble River irrigation system. Net benefit losses from market inefficiencies were estimated at 7.6 million dollars annually, which is equivalent to a 25% increase in the net returns of the current river water distribution strategy. Losses of economic benefits are even greater as the availability of water flow decreases. This is important considering that in the last decade the water flows of the Ñuble River have decreased by more than 30% compared to their historical average.
Increase in Daily Household Water Demand during the First Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Germany
Authors: Lüdtke Deike U. , Luetkemeier Robert , Schneemann Michael , Liehr Stefan
Published: January 2021

Precautionary measures and governmental regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave have drastically altered daily activities and hence water consumption patterns. Many people had to change their working routines, the organization of childcare and hygiene practices. While first evidence appears on the impacts of COVID-19 on, e.g., carbon emissions, energy demand and water treatment, even indicating an unexpected increase in water consumption during that period, no study has investigated the pandemic’s sole and in-depth implications for water supply so far. This paper investigates hourly and daily water consumption volumes of a utility in northern Germany for the first wave of the pandemic. We performed a linear mixed model to compare the 2020 daily water consumption volumes with previous years. We eliminated the effects of climate using Bayesian statistic in order to carve out and estimate the original COVID-19 effect. We also compared hourly water consumption of similar time periods and calculated the percentage difference between 2020 and the two previous years. Our results reveal about 14.3% (3 968 m3) higher residential water consumption per day with higher morning and evening demand peaks during the day. We hypothesis that the reasons for the increasing water demand may be found in changed behavioral routines with an important question for water utilities, if and which of these new dynamics may persist after COVID-19 and hence pose a challenge for long-term infrastructure planning.
Experience of implementing and delivering group consultations in UK general practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Swaithes Laura , Paskins Zoe , Duffy Helen , Evans Nicola , Mallen Christian , Dziedzic Krysia , Finney Andrew
Published: January 2021

Background

Group consultations are a relatively new concept in UK primary care and are a suggested solution to current workload pressures in general practice. Little is known about the experience of implementing and delivering this approach from staff and organisational perspectives.

Aim

To explore the experience of implementing and delivering group consultations in general practice.

Design and setting

Qualitative telephone interview study.

Method

Topic guides explored the perspectives and experiences of general practice staff on the implementation and delivery of group consultations. Data analysis adopted principles of the Framework Method underpinned by Normalisation Process Theory.

Results

Interviews were conducted with 8 GPs, 8 practice nurses, 1 nurse associate, 1 practice pharmacist, 1 deputy practice manager, and 1 healthcare assistant. Four themes were identified: sense making of group consultations; the work associated with initiating group consultations; the experiences of operationalising group consultations; and sustaining change. Group consultations made sense to participants as a mechanism to reduce burden on primary care, enhance multidisciplinary working, and provide patient-centred care. Implementation required strong leadership from a ‘champion’, and a facilitator had a pivotal role in operationalising the approach. The associated workload was often underestimated. Barriers to embedding change included achieving whole practice buy-in, competing practice priorities, and system-level flexibility.

Conclusion

General practice clinicians enjoyed group consultations, yet significant work is required to initiate and sustain the approach. An implementation plan considering leadership, roles and responsibilities, and wider organisational support is required at the outset. Further research or evaluation is needed to measure process outcomes.
Evaluating Factors Affecting EFL Learners’ Writing at Undergraduate Level: A Survey
Authors: Khan Pathan Md. Arif
Published: January 2021

Writing is an important language skill that benefits a language learner in many ways, from developing vocabulary knowledge to enhancing overall language competence. Unfortunately, EFL learners encounter many difficulties during writing that prevents them from developing their writing skills and eventually negatively affect their overall language learning process. The goal of the present study was to assess the factors that affect EFL learners’ writing at the undergraduate level. Using a Likert-scale survey sheet, the study surveyed of 255 undergraduate students at Bangladesh Agricultural University and found that many factors are responsible for EFL learners’ poor writing at the undergraduate level. Some factors very intensely affect the learners’ writing while some affect moderately, and some have comparatively less effect. By evaluating the factors that affect the learners’ writing, the study basically attempted to make the learners aware of those factors they face in writing, so that they can overcome them, improve their writing skills, and become proficient writers.
TEORI RASIONALITAS DALAM PANDANGAN ILMU EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Firmansyah Herlan
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAKPandangan tentang konsep rasionalitas memiliki konsekuensi terhadap perilaku manusia dalam melakukan tindakan ekonomi dan tujuan-tujuan hidupnya. Rasionalitas ekonomi yang dibangun oleh konsepsi homo economicus sebagaimana dikembangkan dalam ekonomi kapitalis dan sosialis berbeda dengan rasionalitas ekonomi yang dibangun oleh konsepsi homo islamicus sebagaimana dikembangkan dalam ekonomi Islam. Tujuan dari artikel ini yaitu untuk menganalisis teori rasionalitas dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini yaitu banyak ekonom Muslim yang tidak puas dengan konsep homo economicus sebagai model dasar perilaku ekonomi manusia. Karena itulah, ekonom Muslim pun menggantinya dengan konsepsi homo islamicus sebagai model dasar perilaku ekonomi yang sesuai dengan fitrah hakiki manusia. Istilah  homo islamicus mengacu kepada perilaku individu yang dibimbing oleh nilai-nilai Islam. Rasonalitas yang dibangun oleh konsepsi homo islamicus berpandangan bahwa segenap tindakan ekonomi tidak hanya menuruti hasrat-hasrat alamiah manusia tetapi harus didasarkan kepada kebenaran dan kebajikan. Jalan untuk mencapai rasionalitas ini tidak lain adalah mensubordinatkan motif, pikiran, orientasi, kehendak dan perilau ekonomi kepada aturan dan moralitas yang ditentukan oleh syariat Islam. ABSTRACTThe view of the concept of rationality has consequences for human behaviour in carrying out economic actions and life goals. The economic rationality built by the conception of homo economicus as developed in a capitalist and socialist economy is different from the economic rationality built by the conception of homo islamicus as developed in Islamic economics. The purpose of this article is to analyze the rationality theory from an Islamic economic perspective. The conclusion of this article is that many Muslim economists are dissatisfied with the concept of homo economicus as a basic model of human economic behaviour. For this reason, Muslim economists also replaced it with the conception of homo islamicus as a basic model of economic behaviour in accordance with human nature. The term homo islamicus refers to individual behaviour that is guided by Islamic values. The rationality built by the conception of homo Islamic holds that all economic activity does not only comply with natural human desires but must be based on truth and virtue. The way to achieve this rationality is none other than subordinating economic motives, thoughts, orientation, will and behaviour to the rules and morality determined by Islamic law.
KONSEP SPIRITUAL MARKETING DALAM PEMASARAN PROGRAM STUDI EKONOMI SYARIAH FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS ISLAM UNIVERSITAS SURYAKANCANA
Authors: Husaeni Uus Ahmad , Farhany Huzni , Nurkomalasari Nina , Faisal Farid
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis konsep spiritual marketing dalam pemasaran prodi Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam Universitas Suryakancana yang pada akhirnya terjadi peningkatan jumlah mahasiswa dari tahun ke tahun. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Adapun metode pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah dengan mengumpulkan data-data yang diperoleh dari penelitian lapangan, peraturan-peraturan dan buku-buku yang diolah serta dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu implementasi spiritual marketing dalam upaya memasarkan prodi-prodi pada Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam Universitas Suryakancana sangat dianjurkan, mengingat dampak dari penerapannya sangat menguntungkan bagi peningkatan jumlah mahasiswa. Implementasi konsep spiritual marketing pada akhirnya akan menumbuhkan rasa loyalitas dan trust pada benak masyarakat akan kredibilitasnya terhadap FEBI. Adapun keuntungan dalam jangka panjang, FEBI akan memperoleh wallet share dari siklus spiritual marketing yang dapat digunakan sebagai modal pengembangan ekonomi syariah dimasa yang akan datang. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of spiritual marketing in the marketing of the Islamic Economics Department which in turn has increased the number of students from year to year. This research method uses library research. The data processing method used is to collect data obtained from field research, regulations and books which are processed and analyzed using qualitative methods. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of spiritual marketing in an effort to market of Islamic Economic department at the Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business (FEBI), Suryakancana University is highly recommended, considering the impact of its application is very beneficial for increasing the number of students. The implementation of the spiritual marketing concept will ultimately foster a sense of loyalty and trust in the minds of the public regarding its credibility towards FEBI. As for the long-term benefits, FEBI will get a wallet share from the spiritual marketing cycle which can be used as capital for the development of the Islamic economy in the future.
ATMÓSFERAS CON BAJO O2 Y ALTO CO2 PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE FRUTOS DE LITCHI
Authors: Valle-Guadarrama Salvador , Alonso-Campos Angelina , Alia-Tejacal Irán
Published: January 2021

La vida de anaquel de los frutos de litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) es corta, debido al oscurecimiento del pericarpio. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de tratamientos de atmósfera controlada (AC) bajo refrigeración, sobre la calidad de frutos de litchi cultivar ‘Mauritius’. Se cosecharon frutos en fase de madurez de consumo (pericarpio rojo) en la región de Xicotepec de Juárez, Puebla, México. Se aplicaron cinco tratamientos de AC por 14 d a 5 ºC y 96 % de humedad relativa (HR), con O2 y CO2 en concentraciones porcentuales de (3-5), (3-10), (10-5), (10-10) y atmósfera normal (testigo). Después del tratamiento los frutos se almacenaron en atmósfera normal (aire) a 20 °C y 60 % HR por 6 d. Los atributos de color del pericarpio, luminosidad y cromaticidad, se mantuvieron en valores similares a los iniciales en frutos expuestos a AC, lo que no ocurrió en los frutos testigo. La mezcla gaseosa que produjo los mejores resultados fue 3 % de O2 y 5 % de CO2, con la cual se consiguió menor degradación de antocianinas y menor actividad fermentativa, y permitió una exposición posterior a condiciones ambientales de al menos 6 d adicionales.
ANÁLISIS BIBLIOMÉTRICO DE LA PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA DE MÉXICO EN CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS DURANTE EL PERIODO 1983-2002
Authors: Bravo-Vinaja Ángel , Sanz-Casado Elías
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se caracterizó mediante indicadores bibliométricos, la actividad científica de las instituciones mexicanas en ciencias agrícolas, a partir de los artículos arbitrados y contenidos en las bases de datos: Agricola, Agris, Cab Abstracts, Tropag & Rural, Science Citation Index (SCI) y Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). En las primeras cuatro bases de datos solamente se dispuso de la dirección laboral del autor para correspondencia, que generalmente es el primer autor. Los indicadores permitieron caracterizar la evolución de los artículos publicados en revistas, la producción por entidades federativas de México, sectores institucionales e instituciones individuales, los idiomas en que publican, la colaboración entre autores y los índices de coautoría. La producción científica durante el periodo de estudio ascendió a 15 736 artículos. El Distrito Federal y el Estado de México publicaron más de la mitad de los artículos, lo cual muestra una alta concentración de la investigación en estos dos estados. Los sectores institucionales que mostraron mayor actividad investigadora fueron las universidades públicas y los institutos o centros de investigación. Los idiomas en que se publicaron más artículos de revistas fueron el inglés y el español. La tasa media de artículos firmados en coautoría fue de 87.62 %; el índice de coautoría aumentó de 2.47 autores por artículo en 1983 a 4.08 en 2002.
PRODUCCIÓN INVERNAL DE PERRITO DE CORTE (Antirrhinum majus L.) EN EL VALLE DE MÉXICO
Authors: Miranda-Medina Adriana , Gutiérrez-Espinosa Jorge A. , Colinas-León Ma. Teresa , Arévalo-Galarza Lourdes , Gaytán-Acuña E. Araceli
Published: January 2021

El desarrollo y calidad comercial de cuatro cultivares de perrito (Antirrhinum majus L.) del Grupo I (‘Flamingo’, ‘Yosemite Pink’, ‘White-Ivory’ y ‘EuroRose’) y dos del Grupo IV (‘Rose’ y ‘White’) se evaluaron en un invernadero de cristal durante el ciclo de invierno 2004 en Montecillo, México. Los cultivares Grupo IV, produjeron tallos con 24 % más de peso y 8 % más de longitud que los del Grupo I, por lo que el Grupo IV logró mayor índice de calidad comercial (0.68 g cm-1) que el Grupo I (0.53 g cm-1). La calidad comercial “Especial”, considerada la más alta por la Sociedad Americana de Floristas, se obtuvo en todos los tallos del Grupo IV, mientras que sólo 66.5 % de los tallos producidos por el Grupo I lograron esta clasificación. Es factible la producción de invierno con calidad comercial “Especial” de los cultivares del Grupo IV en invernaderos sin calefacción del valle de México, aunque requieren 25 d más para alcanzar la madurez comercial que los cultivares del Grupo I.
IMPACTO DE LABRANZA E INOCULACIÓN MICORRÍZICA ARBUSCULAR SOBRE LA PUDRICIÓN CARBONOSA Y RENDIMIENTO DE MAÍZ EN CONDICIONES SEMIÁRIDAS
Authors: Díaz-Franco Arturo , Salinas-García Jaime R. , Garza-Cano Idalia , Mayek-Pérez Netzahualcóyotl
Published: January 2021

La labranza de conservación promueve la sostenibilidad de los suelos agrícolas y la inoculación de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) promueven el crecimiento y el rendimiento de los cultivos. En este trabajo se determinó el efecto individual y combinado de sistemas de labranza e inoculación de HMA sobre la incidencia y severidad de la pudrición carbonosa (Macrophomina phaseolina) y el rendimiento de grano en maíz (Zea mays L.). El estudio se realizó en condiciones de secano semiárido. En el híbrido de maíz ‘Pioneer 3025W’® se probaron tres factores con diferentes niveles: cuatro sistemas de labranza (barbecho o labranza convencional, subsoleobordeo, destronque-bordeo y labranza cero); dos tipos de fertilización (inoculación de la semilla con el HMA Glomus intraradices; y testigo con 60N-40P-00K); y tres años de evaluación (2003 a 2005). Se midió el índice de clorofila (IC), la incidencia (IM) y severidad (SM) de M. phaseolina, la colonización micorrízica (CM) y el rendimiento de grano (RG). La labranza cero presentó la menor IM y SM de pudrición carbonosa, pero también el menor RG. Los sistemas de labranza no afectaron la CM del maíz. La inoculación resultó igual que la fertilización química en IC, IM, SM y RG. Los mayores valores de IC, menores IM y SM y mayor RG se observaron en 2004, año en que llovió más (460 mm), que en 2003 (230 mm) y 2005 (125 mm). La labranza de conservación en maíz puede reducir los daños por pudrición carbonosa, pero con pérdidas en rendimiento, con respecto a la labranza convencional.
ACTIVIDAD DE ALGUNOS INSECTICIDAS BIORRACIONALES CONTRA EL GUSANO COGOLLERO
Authors: Zamora María Cristina , Martínez Ana Mabel , Nieto María Soledad , Schneider Marcela Inés , Figueroa José Isaac , Pineda Samuel
Published: January 2021

En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de spinosad, metoxifenocida y azadiractina en huevos y larvas del gusano cogollero, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). La actividad ovicida se determinó en masas de huevos de < 48 h de edad colocadas sobre papel de estraza, en diferentes concentraciones de cada insecticida diluidos en una solución a 0.01 % de sodio dodecil sulfato. Sólo spinosad y azadiractina mostraron actividad ovicida en concentraciones de hasta 1000 mg L-1 que produjeron un rango de mortalidad entre 12 y 31 %. La mortalidad de larvas recién emergidas de los huevos tratados sólo se incrementó (P ≤ 0.05) con spinosad y metoxifenocida. En contraste, el peso de las larvas del sexto estadio provenientes de los huevos tratados no fue afectado por los insecticidas, con excepción de spinosad a 3.16 mg i.a. L-1 que incrementó (P ≤ 0.05) el peso de las larvas (275.5 mg) con respecto al testigo (183.6 mg). En un segundo experimento, las larvas del tercer estadio de S. frugiperda se trataron por ingestión y tópicamente con los tres compuestos. Los valores de las CL50 de spinosad (2.39 y 0.93 mg i.a. kg-1 de dieta) fueron menores (P ≤ 0.05) que los registrados en metoxifenocida (8.90 y 4.64 mg i.a. kg-1 de dieta) y azadiractina (14.79 y 63.49 mg i.a. kg-1 de dieta), cuando los insecticidas se mezclaron con la dieta o se aplicaron a la superficie de la misma, respectivamente. En el tratamiento tópico, la DL50 de metoxifenocida (1.27 μg i.a. g-1 larva) fue más baja que las de spinosad (2.25 μg i.a. g-1 larva) y azadiractina (7.06 μg i.a. g-1 larva). Los tres insecticidas redujeron significativamente el peso de las larvas de tercer estadio de S. frugiperda.
SELECCIÓN Y MANTENIMIENTO DE POBLACIONES. UNA PERSPECTIVA PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN in situ DE LA DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA DEL MAÍZ
Authors: Macchi-Leite Guillermina , Rincón-Sánchez Froylán , Ruiz-Torres Norma A. , Castillo-González Fernando
Published: January 2021

En sistemas agrícolas tradicionales, el mantenimiento de las poblaciones de maíz (Zea mays L.) se basa en los principios de la selección masal empírica. El desespigamiento es un método utilizado para el mantenimiento y para la producción de semillas. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la estrategia de selección y mantenimiento de poblaciones de maíz, bajo el esquema de producción de semilla. Se utilizó una población de maíz denominada ‘JAGUAN’ a la cual se aplicó un esquema de producción de semillas a través de surcos de planta hembra (H) desespigadas y surcos de planta macho (M) de polinización libre, durante dos generaciones (G1 y G2). En cada generación y método de polinización se hizo selección masal con participación de agricultores, lo que dio lugar a seis sub-poblaciones: H y M en la primera generación (G1), y las combinaciones HH, HM, MH y MM en la segunda (G2). En 2008 se hizo la evaluación agronómica de las seis sub-poblaciones, y las de la segunda generación permitieron analizar los efectos de Poblaciones: Hembra (HH y HM) vs. Macho (MM y MH), y los efectos de Métodos de Producción: Desespigamiento (HH y MH) vs. Polinización libre (HM y MM). Los resultados mostraron que en las dos generaciones hubo diferencias (P ≤ 0.05) entre las poblaciones H y M en el rendimiento de grano, con incremento de 6.3 y 6.4 % de la población M sobre la población H, respectivamente. Entre métodos de producción se encontró una diferencia promedio (P ≤ 0.01) de 7.8 % en el rendimiento de grano del desespigamieneto sobre el de polinización libre. Los rendimientos superiores de la población macho en las dos generaciones se atribuyen a efectos de selección al constituirse las primeras sub-poblaciones en la primera generación, mientras que en los métodos de producción la diferencia se atribuye tanto a la selección como al método de desespigamiento. Por tanto, la selección masal en poblaciones obtenidas a través de esquemas de producción de semillas (surcos hembra y surcos macho) permite mantener las características de la población e incrementar la media del rendimiento de grano en maíz.
RIEGO DEFICITARIO EN MELOCOTONERO. ANÁLISIS DEL RENDIMIENTO Y DE LA EFICIENCIA EN EL USO DEL AGUA
Authors: Tapia-Vargas Mario , Larios-Guzmán Antonio , Abrisqueta-Villena Isabel , Mounzer Oussama , Vera-Muñoz Juan , Abrisqueta-García José M. , Ruiz-Sánchez M. Carmen
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de distintas estrategias de riego deficitario en las relaciones hídricas, el rendimiento y calidad del fruto y la eficiencia del uso del agua en melocotón (Prunus persica L. Batsch). Este ensayo se estableció durante el año 2007 en una finca experimental ubicada, en Santomera, Murcia, España con la variedad ‘Flordastar’, en riego por goteo. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: T1, testigo con riego diario equivalente a 120 % de la evapotranspiración de cultivo (ETc); T2, con riego restringido todo el ciclo (50 % de ETc); T3, con riego deficitario en el periodo de postcosecha (resto normal); y T4, con umbral de riego automatizado a un consumo máximo de 10 % de la capacidad de campo. El diseño experimental fue en bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento (dentro de una hilera de 13 árboles por repetición). Se determinó la eficiencia de uso de agua (kg de fruto m-3 de agua ET) mediante la relación rendimiento de fruto y la evapotranspiración real (ETr). Los resultados indicaron que T1 tuvo menor (P ≤ 0.05) eficiencia en el uso de agua con 2.1, que T4 con 2.8. Los tratamientos T2 y T3 superaron (P ≤ 0.05), a T1 con valores de 2.7 y 3.0, lo que muestra que el árbol se ajusta a los cambios en el manejo del riego, para mantener o incluso mejorar, la eficiencia en el uso del agua.
Pengolahan Jahe Pandan Menjadi Produk Minuman Herbal (JAPAN) Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas SDM Ekonomi Kreatif di Desa Kampak Kecamatan Geger
Authors: Haromin Imam , Ulum Bahrul , Aziz Abd
Published: January 2021

Entrepreneurship adalah suatu proses dimana seseorang atau suatu kelompok individu menggunakan upaya yang terorganisir & sarana untuk mencari sebuah peluang dan menciptakan suatu nilai yang tumbuh dengan memenuhi kebutuhan serta keinginan melalui sebuah inovasi dan keunikan, melalui proses mengidentifikasi, mengembangkan dan membawa visi ke dalam kehidupan. Dalam usaha yang akan kami kelola ini merupakan jenis usaha yang bergerak dibidang pengolahan yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Produk minumn herbal jahe pandan (Japan) menggunakan bahan baku yaitu jahe dan daun pandan. Kami menggunakan bahan tersebut karena sangat mudah ditemukan dan harganya sangat terjangkau. Produk minuman herbal yang kami buat, dikemas dalam botol yang sudah disterilkan. Tak hanya nikmat, minuman japan juga kaya akan manfaat untuk kesehatan. Itulah sebabnya, minuman ini masuk dalam daftar minuman yang dapat dipilih oleh siapa saja yang sedang mempratikkan gaya hidup kembali ke alam.
Membangun Ekonomi Pasca Covid 19 di Desa Sadah Tanah Merah Bangkalan melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Keripik Kelapa
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi , Ramdhan Tri Wahyudi , Putera Kholil Baita
Published: January 2021

The Covid 19 effect has made many people experience a decrease and even loss of income. One way that can be done to restore the economic activities of the community, especially in Sadah village, is by developing innovations from the local potential of the community. This service activity is carried out through the preparatory stage for program implementation by coordinating and conducting socialization to the community. Meanwhile, the program implementation process stage is carried out through workshops in each hamlet in Sadah Village. The output of this local government is a product that is brought by the Sadah Village community in processing coconut chips. It is hoped that the processed coconut chips will have more selling value so that they can restore the economy of the people of Sadah Village.
Physical and chemical enhancement of cancer cell death induced by cold atmospheric plasma
Authors: Rehman Mati Ur , Jawaid Paras , Zhao Qing-Li , Kondo Takashi , Saitoh Jun-ichi , Noguchi Kyo
Published: January 2021

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has gained increasing attention for its anticancer potential. CAP anticancer application is unique for its selective targeting of cancer cells than normal cells. These CAP effects are directly related to producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species in air and liquid environment. The ROS producing ability can vary greatly depending on the CAP source. CAP-induced an enormous amount of ROS in the liquid phase. However, incorporating extracellular ROS into the cells seems limited to the ROS in the liquid phase. It poses a crucial challenge to CAP clinical applications. This short review describes the potential strategies that allow the incorporation of CAP-induced ROS to enhance cancer cell death. Further, the possible combination of CAP with hyperthermia and redox modulating agent sulfasalazine (SSZ) is explained.
On the Drivers of Inflation in Different Monetary Regimes
Authors: Garcés Díaz Daniel
Published: January 2021

This document proposes a general macroeconomic framework to analyze the behavior of inflation. This approach has two characteristics. The first is the distinction of monetary regimes based on the number of shocks that have a permanent effect on the price level. When all shocks have a permanent impact, the regime determines the inflation rate, as in inflation targeting. On the other hand, when there is only one shock with permanent effects, the regime determines the price level. An example of this is a regime with a fixed exchange rate. Even if there is no explicit target for the domestic price level, this becomes determined by the operation of a regime of this type. The second characteristic comes from the factors that Granger cause the rate of inflation or the price level. With this, a new perspective on four different historical cases emerges. One is the German hyperinflation; the second is that of the United States for a very long sample. For Brazil and Mexico, the analysis demonstrates that their inflationary processes' complexity arises from the regime changes they have gone through.
Increasing the Cost of Informal Workers: Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Samaniego de la Parra Brenda , Fernández Bujanda León
Published: January 2021

This paper estimates the effects of increasing the cost of informal jobs on formal firms' and workers' outcomes. We create novel datasets combining administrative records and household surveys data, and exploit exogenous variation in this cost generated by over 480,000 random work-site inspections in Mexico. Increasing the cost of informal jobs at formal firms leads to lower employment growth, lower formal job creation, and higher formal and informal job destruction. For informal workers, inspections increase the probability of being formalized at the inspected firm, but also increase the probability of dissolving the informal match. Transitioning to a formal job due to an inspection increases the probability of being poached to a new, formal job.
Low Complexity Iterative Rake Decision Feedback Equalizer for Zero-Padded OTFS systems
Authors: Thaj Tharaj , Viterbo Emanuele
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a linear complexity iterative rake detector for the recently proposed orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation scheme. The basic idea is to extract and coherently combine the received multipath components of the transmitted symbols in the delay-Doppler grid using maximal ratio combining (MRC) to improve the SNR of the combined signal. We reformulate the OTFS input-output relation in simple vector form by placing guard null symbols or zero padding (ZP) in the delay-Doppler grid and exploiting the resulting circulant property of the blocks of the channel matrix. Using this vector input-output relation we propose a low complexity iterative decision feedback equalizer (DFE) based on MRC. The performance and complexity of the proposed detector favorably compares with the state of the art message passing detector. An alternative time domain MRC based detector is also proposed for even faster detection. We further propose a Gauss-Seidel based over-relaxation parameter in the rake detector to improve the performance and the convergence speed of the iterative detection. We also show how the MRC detector can be combined with outer error-correcting codes to operate as a turbo DFE scheme to further improve the error performance.

All results are compared with a baseline orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme employing a single tap minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Remaja Terhadap Penyalahgunaan Napza di Sma Katolik Rantepao
Authors: Beda Nikodemus Sili
Published: January 2021

Masa remaja merupakan masa transisi, dimana pada masa ini remaja sedang mencari jati diri sebagai seorang remaja dan berusaha mencapai kemandirian dengan mengandalkan pengetahuan yang dimiliki untuk mencoba hal-hal yang baru yang terkadang menyimpang dari norma-norma masyarakat, oleh karena itu diharapkan remaja memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik untuk terhindar dari hal – hal yang negatif seperti penyalahgunaan NAPZA yang berdampak negatif baik secara fisik, psikologis, dan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap remaja terhadap penyalahgunaan NAPZA di SMA Katolik disamakan Rantepao Toraja Utara. Peneltian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah korelasidengan pendekatan croos sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah semua siswa/i SMA Katolik disamakan Rantepao Toraja Utara dan teknik pengambilan sampel probabilty sampling dengan menggunakan pendekatan proportionate stratified random sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 100 responden. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji statistik Chi Square dengan menggunakan uji alternatif Continuity correction dengan program SPSS. Dengan demikian, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan remaja dan sikap remaja terhadap penyalahgunaan NAPZA di SMA Katolik disamakan Rantepao Toraja Utara. Secara umum sikap ditentukan oleh pengetahuan, tetapi pola pikir, keyakinan dan emosi yang turut memegang peranan penting dalam menentukan sikap seseorang
Pembelajaran Al-Qur’an Anti Radikalisme di Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Menengah
Authors: Saputro Fahmi Eko
Published: January 2021

Radicalism is a problem of human civilization. Empirical facts show that high school-age children are very vulnerable to infecting radicalism. This is confirmed by surveys of research institutions that can be trusted. From this fact, schools / madrasas must start teaching that is able to ward off radicalism. Al-Qur'an subjects Hadith in Madrasas or Islamic religious education in secondary schools must be planned using the concept of learning anti-radicalism. One learning model that can be used is a scientific learning model. In the context of al-Qur'an material and hadith, students must be taught and introduced to study the Qur'an as a method of thinking. Thus, the understanding of the Qur'an and Hadith can be understood in its socio-historical context. Understanding related to asbab an-nuzul, makiyah-madaniyah and other analytical tools can be used so that the understanding of the Qur'an and non-intellectual traditions. This article seeks to prove that scientific learning can be used as a model of anti-radicalism learning. Learning the scientific model begins with observing, asking, gathering information, processing information, and communicating. With the steps of scientific learning in the material al-Qur'an and the hadith, allowing learning to be done by using theories of facilitation. Students can observe the cases that occur around them by observing news media online and also the understanding of the Qur'an and hadith from various sources. The information processing stage can be used so that the critical power of students towards the results of the interpretation of the Qur'an increases. Students can also discuss the results of gathering information obtained with their peers and the teacher becomes the facilitator. The conclusion that can be drawn in this study is that scientific learning can be used as a model of learning the Koran and the Hadith that has a spirit of anti-radicalism.
STUDY OF FLUORIDE IN GROUNDWATER OF KHARGONE TOWN (M.P.) WITH REFERENCE TO ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: Anita Solanki
Published: January 2021

“Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth’s surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations”. The earth is full of natural resources needed for the development of mankind. The ground water is not suitable for drinking and other purposes. Generally the groundwater is considered least polluted as compared to surface water. Fluoride is a chemical element which is found in groundwater and has become one of the most important toxicological environmental hazards globally. High range of fluoride in drinking water it causes fluorosis disease. The fluoride condition were detected in ground water of khargone town. A large population of khargone town is using groundwater for drinking and domestic purposes.
KEYWORDS : Groundwater, Fluoride, Well, Tubewell, Handpump.
PILIHAN KODE DALAM INTERAKSI BELAJAR-MENGAJAR DI PESANTREN (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK)
Authors: Susylowati Eka
Published: January 2021

The diversity of languages used by santri (student) community can represent the existence of multi-ethnic and multilingual communities. The purpose of this study is to reveal the language choice in teaching and learning interactions between students and students with teachers in Al-Mukmin Ngruki Islamic Boarding School and Assalaam Modern Islamic Boarding School. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using the Sociolinguistics approach. Data collected used the method of observation, recording, and interviews. The data in this study was in the form of student speech in an Islamic boarding school. The data were analyzed using the Hymes ethnography communication method. The results of this study indicate that there are variations in the codes used by students, namely Indonesian, foreign languages, Javanese, and mixed languages in the form of code-switching and code-mixing from Javanese to Indonesian, and Javanese to English.
POSISI PEREMPUAN PADA TEKS WACANA SASTRA: PEMBACAAN ANALISIS KRITIS
Authors: Herdiana Besse
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe the position of women in the text of literary discourse. This research is a qualitative description. The data source in this study is the Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk novel by Ahmad Tohari and Tarian Bumi by Oka Rusmini. Data collection is done by observation, literature review, and recording techniques. The results showed that the choice of words used by male authors to describe the position of female actors in the Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk novel tended to marginalize women with bad (negative) portrayals and male actors were portrayed as ordinary. The event is fulfilled with the choice of refining words. While female authors in the Tarian Bumi novel provide identification to women with names that are inherent and described as they are and male actors are portrayed poorly. The event is described by the word dysphemism.