bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Kebersihan Rongga Mulut Lansia Dengan Pengetahuan Pengasuh Lansia Tentang Perawatan Mulut Lansia Di Panti Werdha Trisno Mukti Turen
Authors: Wibowo Wibowo
Published: January 2021

Latar belakang: Gangguan mobilitas fisik, komunikasi dan demensia dapat terjadi pada siapa saja, tetapi resikonya bertambah seiring dengan usia yang menyebabkan ketidakmampuan melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari sebagai akibat dari berkurangnya kemampuan kognitif diantaranya adalah ketidak mampuan menjaga kesehatan mulut. Pengasuh  lansia sebagai orang yang sehari-hari berinteraksi menjadi lini pertama dalam melakukan perawatan mulut pada lansia mempunyai tanggung jawab yang sama dalam melakukan skrining, perencanaan perawatan rongga mulut, kebersihan rongga mulut sehari-hari, dan akses perawatan gigi

Metode : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menganalisa Hubungan kebersihan rongga mulut lansia dengan   pengetahuan pengasuh lansia tentang perawatan mulut lansia di Panti Werdha   Trisno Mukti Turen. Yang menjadi pupulasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh lansia yang berjumlah 37 dan seluruh pengasuh lansia yang berjumlah 17 yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHIS) untuk mengukur kebersihan mulut lansia dan kuesioner yang terdiri dari 10 pertanyaan untuk mengukur pengetahuan pengasuh lansia.Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah menggunakan regresi logistik ordinal

Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara Kebersihan rongga mulut dengan pengetahuan pengasuh lansia tentang perwatan mulut lansia. Nilai uji Wald yang dihasilkan adalah 0.308 (p < 0.05) yang menujukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Kebersihan rongga mulut lansia (X1) terhadap pengetahuan pengasuh lansia tentang perawatan mulut lansia (Y).

Kesimpulan: Masalah kebersian mulut pada lansia merupakan masalah yang bisa terjadi pada lansia salah satu penyebab dari masalah tersebut adalah kurangnya pengetahuan para pengasuh lansia tentang perawatan mulut lansia, sehingga meningkatkan pengetahuan para pengasuh lansia dalam hal tersebut merupakan hal utama yang harus dilakukan.
Persepsi dan Partisipasi Petani terhadap Program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) dengan Minat Bertani
Authors: Maman Ujang , Aminuddin Iwan , Hermawan Rizki
Published: January 2021

Pelaksanaan program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) oleh Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia didasari untuk memberikan jaminan terhadap risiko ketidakpastian atau kerugian gagal panen. Petani sebagai peserta asuransi mendapatkan bantuan premi apabila mengalami risiko, namun relatif sedikit petani yang mengikuti dan di beberapa wilayah hanya mencapai 12,87%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran sosial-ekonomi petani, persepsi dan partisipasi petani terhadap  program  AUTP dan  hubungannya dengan minat bertani (kasus: Petani di Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten). Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei pada pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Objek dan lokasi ditentukan secara purposive terhadap petani padi yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten. Penentuan jumlah sampel dengan rumus slovin dan teknik pengambilan sampel proportional random sampling sebanyak 105 responden yang tersebar di kelompok tani Peujeuh Mandiri, Sari Asih, Tani Makmur dan Surya Tani. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif  tabulasi dan statistik chi-square untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel dengan ketentuan data ordinal. Hasil temuan menjelaskan karakteristik responden mayoritas tingkat pendidikan rendah, berusia tua, memiliki lahan garapan sempit, kurang kesadaran mengikuti sosialisasi, tingkat persepsi dan partisipasi petani terhadap program AUTP rendah. Variabel tingkat persepsi dan partisipasi terhadap program AUTP berhubungan signifikan dengan minat bertani, di mana peningkatan minat bertani berbanding lurus dengan tingkat persepsi dan partisipasi dalam program AUTP.
Fonētisko īpatnību dinamika dziļajās tāmnieku izloksnēs
Authors: Vēvere Daira
Published: January 2021

The article aims to ascertain the dynamics of the phonetic features in the deep Tamian (tāmnieku) subdialects of the Livonianized dialect. The analysis is based on the materials of spoken language in subdialects of Pope, Ziras, Piltene, Zlēkas, Ance, Dundaga, and Ugāle, acquired by the author during the period of 2008–2019. These materials are compared with the data of the dialect archive of the Latvian Language Institute of the University of Latvia (the 50s and 60s of the 20th century). The dynamics of the phonetic features in the deep Tamian subdialects have been determined using several degrees of stability: stable, less stable, features that are disappearing, features fixed only in some subdialects, and features that have been lost.
The language analysis shows that nowadays, the most stable features of the deep Tamian subdialects are the loss of short vowels in final syllables, e. g., ʒiêsm (< dziesma) ‘song’, zȇm (< zeme) ‘ground’, up (< upe) ‘river’, dar (< dara) ‘do, does’, and the reduction of long vowels in word endings, e. g., skuõla (< skuolā) ‘in the school’, mãjas (< mājās) ‘at home’, meža (< mežā) ‘in the forest’, stûri (< stūrī) ‘in the corner’, which are still widespread and most often used features in the speech of all generations. Less stable features are the reduction of monophthongs and diphthongs with a quality change, e. g., skuõlę (< skuolā) ‘in the school’, mãjęs (< mājās) ‘at home’, mežę // meže (< mežā) ‘in the forest’, stûra (< stūrī) ‘in the corner’, grãvas (< grāvjuos) ‘in the ditches’, and the insertion of the vowels a and ę for the elimination of syllabic liquids and nasals, e. g., ʒiêsam (< ʒiêsm < ʒiesma) ‘song’, vętar (< vętr < vętra) ‘storm’, sak̄ęn (< sak̄n̥ < sak̄ne) ‘root’. One of the endangered features is the loss of long vowels and diphthongs in the roots and suffixes, e. g., âbliš (< ābuoliņš) ‘clover’, kâpst (< kāpuosti) ‘cabbages’, vak̄riņ (< vakariņi ‘vakariņas’) ‘supper’, gȗlt (< gulēt) ‘to sleep’, rȗnt (< runāt) ‘to speak’, ʒîut (< dzīvuot) ‘to live’, which is observed only in older generation’s speech. The subdialects of Ance and Dundaga have preserved an archaic feature: a loss of a consonant is in future tense forms without the insertion of vowel ī, e. g., eîs (< ēdīs) ‘will eat’, laîs (< laidīs) ‘will let’, kris (< kritīs) ‘will fall’, sis (< sitīs) ‘will hit’. Few older generation’s speakers of the subdialects of Ance and Dundaga have maintained voiced consonants instead of unvoiced consonants at the end of the word or prefix, e. g., nãg (< nāk) ‘comes’, liêg (< liek) ‘lies’, krîd (< krīt) ‘falls’, tĩrid (< tīrīt) ‘to clean’, vęlag (< vęlāk) ‘later’, abrakˉ (< apraka) ‘buried’. The monophthongization and the labialization are lost in most of the deep Tamian subdialects.
Differentiation of models of territorial public self-government in the cities of Western Siberia
Authors: Volokh O.V.
Published: January 2021

The paper considers models of formation of territorial public self-government bodies in the cities of Western Siberia in the early 2000s. The features of the functioning of local self-government at the initial stage of improving the institutions of democracy are revealed.
Improving the theoretical and organizational foundations for preventing crimes in the field of economic security is an essential element related to ensuring the national security of the country
Authors: Kobetc Peter
Published: January 2021

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the issues of countering crimes in the economic sphere have been sufficiently studied in the domestic and foreign literature, but it should be noted that most of these studies were conducted at the beginning of the new Millennium and they did not take into account some modern features. In particular, the study showed that most of the authors of the issues under consideration studied individual measures to prevent offenses in the economic sphere, among which, as a rule, measures of a General social preventive nature were studied, in some cases, special criminological measures applied by law enforcement officers were studied. At the same time, it is impossible not to say that these employees had the opportunity to effectively prevent the crimes in question, provided that the period of centralized economic processes. In the course of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that in the conditions of the beginning of the third Millennium of the XXI century, these subjects of preventive influence can only implement minor measures to prevent the acts in question. On a very large scale, employees of other state bodies and commercial organizations can counteract the crimes in question. The novelty of this research is the analysis of the theoretical and organizational foundations for the prevention of crimes in the field of economic security, which are the most important element in ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation. A number of other provisions of the study are also new. The practical significance of this work is the possibility of using its basic results to improve the theoretical and organizational foundations in the process of preventing economic crimes.
The constitutional basics of the educational policy in the Russian Federation
Authors: Evdokimov P.
Published: January 2021

Due to sharp increase in public attention to the state and immediate prospects of education in the Russian Federation, caused by the transforming impact of coronavirus infection on all socio-economic spheres on a planetary scale, the proposed work raises the question of the constitutional foundations of the educational policy of the Russian Federation, identifying its principles and possible the limits of transformation, after which, on the basis of preliminary conclusions is formed the prospect of external and internal analysis of the evolution of educational policy, as well as its impact on the national security of the state for the period from 1993 to the present.
Compensation for Ex-Mineworkers in the Mthatha Region of South Africa: A Long Road to Travel
Authors: BL Meel1-2
Published: January 2021

Background: Ex-mineworkers are sandwiched between scare resources and little hope of being re-employed.They do not have enough savings to support their families. Expenditure is at its highest when they return,as their children have grown and are in secondary or senior secondary school. Many are not re-employablebecause of poor health and some are disabled.Objective: To highlight the compensation claims of ex-mineworkers in the Mthatha region of South Africa.Method: Ex-mineworkers were examined and sent their reports to Medical Bureau of Occupational Diseases(MBOD) to claim compensation. The detailed histories of these ex-mineworkers were requested by a trainedresearch assistant at the Benefit Examination Clinic (BEC).Case Histories: Most mineworkers have indicated that the pride of being a male breadwinner is often lost,and their wives have to take over this role. Some take to drinking alcohol and run the risk of prematuredeath. Everyone is healthy at the time of recruitment, but many return diseased. Pulmonary tuberculosisovershadows underlying silicosis among mineworkers. Oesophageal carcinoma is associated with silicosisand this could be the reason for its high prevalence in this region.Conclusion: The MBOD recommended compensation in only 2.5% of cases during the last seven yearsin the Mthatha region. There is a long road ahead to get these claims paid out; meanwhile many of theclaimants will die.
Effectiveness of Low Dose Over Standard dose CT for Detection of Urolithiasis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Saikiran Pendem
Published: January 2021

Computed Tomography (CT) of the Kidneys, ureter, bladder is prime investigation to study the pathologies ofthe Genitourinary system. Despite the advantages of CT, radiation exposure poses major risk. The objectiveof the review is to investigate the effectiveness of Low dose dose CT over standard dose CT for detectionof Urolithiasis. The literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, CINHAL, Cochrane Library andWeb of Science databases for original research articles published between 2000 and 2020. Research Articlesthat included the efficacy of low dose CT over standard dose CT in identification of Urinary stones wereincluded. Total 4558 studies were detected from the literature search. After thorough screening 12 articleswere included in the review. The Sensitivity of Low dose CT KUB was 80 to 99% and the Specificity rangedfrom 88 to 100%, the diagnostic accuracy of Low dose CT was 96.1%. From our study we conclude thatLow dose CT KUB was effective in maintain the diagnostic confidence with optimal image quality andreduced radiation dose.
Phacoemulsification Under Topical Anaesthesia Combined with Anxiolytic
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Al-Samak
Published: January 2021

Background: Local anesthesia in ocular surgery is a technique that mostly used now. Many type ofprocedures were applied including retrobulbar, peribulbar, subconjunctival and topical anesthesia.Aim: To study the efficacy of tetracaine topical anesthesia technique combined with anxiolytic midazolamin cataract surgery, and to test patient’s and surgeon’s conviction by this method.Patients and Method: Prospective study of one hundred three patients with dense cataract in Al-Basiraeye center with mean age of 60.32 years (range: 50-70). Patients were 57 male and 46 female. Topicalanesthesia was encouraged by intravenous anxiolytic, midazolam 0.1 mg/kg weight given in the beginningof surgery. We used a special patient’s pain scoring and intraoperative surgeon’s conviction score to analyzethe reliability of this method. The study period lasted from October 2019 to March 2020.Result: All patients had peaceful success phacoemulsification with an average surgery time of 15-20minutes. Minimal or no movement noticed during surgery. No need for more anesthesia as there were nointolerable pain.Conclusion: Cataract surgery can be safely and effectively done by topical anesthesia using this method.
Applying Strict Liability for Environmental Offenses: Indonesian Perspective
Authors: Al Halim
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the rationality and application of strict liability for environmental offenses in theEnvironmental Protection and Management Act of Indonesia. The strict liability set out in this law expresslyapplies only to civil cases and covers the possibility that it may be used in criminal matters. Normativelegal research complemented by a statutory and conceptual approach was used. The results showed that itgenerally applies to regulatory offenses aimed at protecting the public interest. This doctrine is necessaryto improve the long-term and prevents harm to people or the environment. The absence of mental elementproof should be limited to offenses that are characterized by the administrative dependence of criminallaw, which is reflected in the abstract and concrete endangerment models. Generally, prohibited behaviorrelated to waste/emissions disposed into the environment without approval causes damage. The offense isformulated as formal offense by eliminating the element of the perpetrator’s culpability, and it is thereforenot necessary to prove it.
Production of Bioemulsifiers from Bacteria Grown on Hydrocarbons
Authors: Ghassan M. Ahmed
Published: January 2021

This work aimed to identify biosurfactant-producing bacterial strains isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminatedsites and to evaluate their biosurfactant properties. The drop-collapse method and minimal agar added witha layer of diesel as carbon source were used for screening, positive strains were able to grow in a liquidmedium, and surface tension and emulsification index were determined in cell-free supernatant and cellsuspension. 250 bacterial isolate were tested, and 16 were positive for the drop-collapse and hydrocarbonlayer agar method. Most of the strains were Pseudomonas, except for three strains (Acinetobacter, Bacillus,and Rhodococcus). Surface tension was similar in cell-free and cell suspension measurements, with valuesin the range of 58 to 26 (mN/m), and all formed stable emulsions with engine oil (77-92% E24). Consideringthe variety of molecular structures among microbial biosurfactants, they have different chemical propertiesthat can be exploited commercially, for applications as diverse as bioremediation or degradable detergents.
Responsible remembering and forgetting as contributors to memory for important information
Authors: Murphy Dillon H. , Castel Alan D.
Published: January 2021

The ability to control both what we remember and what is forgotten can enhance memory. The present study used an item-method directed forgetting paradigm to investigate whether participants strategically remembered items they were responsible for remembering rather than items a hypothetical friend was responsible for remembering. Specifically, participants were presented with a 20-word list (either unrelated words or items to pack for a camping trip) with each word followed by a cue indicating whether the participant (You) or their “friend” (Friend) was responsible for remembering the word. When asked to recall all of the words, regardless of the cue, recall was sensitive to the You and Friend instructions such that participants demonstrated elevated recall for the items they were responsible for remembering, and participants also strategically organized retrieval by recalling You items before Friend items. Additionally, when asked to judge the importance of remembering each item, participants’ recall and recognition were sensitive to item importance regardless of cue. Taken together, the present experiments revealed that the strategic encoding of important information and the forgetting of less important, goal-irrelevant information can maximize memory utility and minimize negative consequences for forgetting. Thus, we provide evidence for a metacognitive process we are calling responsible forgetting, where people attempt to forget less consequential information and focus on remembering what is most important.
1,2,3-Triazoles as leaving groups in SNAr–Arbuzov reactions: synthesis of C6-phosphonated purine derivatives
Authors: Kriķis Kārlis-Ēriks , Novosjolova Irina , Mishnev Anatoly , Turks Māris
Published: January 2021

A new method for C–N bond transformations into C–P bonds was developed using 1,2,3-triazoles as leaving groups in SNAr–Arbuzov reactions. A series of C6-phosphonated 2-triazolylpurine derivatives was synthesized for the first time, with the isolated yields reaching up to 82% in the C–P-bond-forming event. The SNAr–Arbuzov reaction of 2,6-bistriazolylpurines follows the general regioselectivity pattern of the C6-position being more reactive towards substitution, which was unambiguously proved by X-ray analysis of diethyl (9-heptyl-2-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl)phosphonate.
Proficiency of Maritime English course: An investigation in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Saray Sercan , Satır Tanzer , Dogan-Saglamtimur Neslihan
Published: January 2021

Effective communication in the sea and ocean can only be achieved through a common language. Maritime professions in Turkey for many years have been seen as an important area of employment. Maritime vocational and technical high schools are also seen as educational institutions that play an important role in this field. In this study, it has been aimed to define the level of general and Maritime English education provided by the maritime vocational high schools, the problems and deficiencies of education, and what must be done to improve the education quality. A questionnaire was conducted to 200 graduates of maritime vocational high schools in order to determine the efficiency, deficiencies and issues that need to be improved. The results of the survey were analyzed by SPSS and made meaningful.  For analysis, t-test was used to evaluate numerical data between two independent groups and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used to evaluate numerical data between more than two independent groups. After the One-Way ANOVA Test, Tukey Test was used as a complementary Post-Hoc analysis to determine the differences. Finally, Pearson correlation method was used to evaluate the continuous numerical variables used in the research. As a result of the research, it has been seen that Maritime English education in vocational high schools is far from meeting the needs of today's world and the maritime sector. It was observed that the graduates felt this inadequacy heavily on ships and experienced the effects of this deficiency in all of their professional life. As stated in the survey results, it is thought that the Maritime English educators with sea experience will increase the motivation of the students. Programs sourced from the field need to be reorganized. Also, it will be beneficial to rearrange the requirements of the seafarer educators for giving English lessons.
Towards adopting AI techniques for monitoring social media activities
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Lina Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Social media provide opportunities for organizations to reach the largest amount of people by measuring the general perception of the consumer and knowing his/her feelings and some of his reactions towards brands and products. On the other hand, these organizations as well as people are keen to preserve the privacy of their data, which will only be achieved by using applications and techniques of artificial intelligence. This scientific paper aims to analyze and discuss the impact of using artificial intelligence applications with their various technologies on social media through the method of critical analysis and evaluation that was applied to previous recent studies that dealt with the impact of artificial intelligence on social media. Then, this paper conducted a critical review of these studies coming up with findings, conclusions, and special recommendations on the subject. This resulted in the fact that studies agree on the great role that artificial intelligence plays in social media platforms in terms of preserving the privacy of the user and organizations and in terms of marketing and increasing the profits of organizations. Moreover, companies that do marketing through social media using artificial intelligence have benefited three times more than other companies that do not. In addition, artificial intelligence contributes to the preservation and security of privacy and data of users and digital owners in social networking sites, and contributes to increasing the profits of companies that use marketing through social media platforms based on artificial intelligence techniques, as their revenues increased by 10%, costs decreased, and productivity and logistic networks improved. This study recommended working to develop the mechanism of artificial intelligence in social media platforms, conducting more studies on the contribution of artificial intelligence in increasing the revenues earned by social media platforms, reducing the costs of social media creation and management, and finally the necessity for the commitment of social media companies to apply artificial intelligence techniques to maintain user privacy.
The Opengame Competencies Framework: an Attempt to Map Open Education Attitudes, Knowledge and Skills
Authors: Nascimbeni Fabio , Teixeira Antonio , García Holgado Alicia , García Peñalvo Francisco , Padilla Zea Natalia , Ehlers Ulf-Daniel , Brtunton James , Burgos Daniel
Published: January 2021

The paper introduces the competence framework produced by the OpenGame project, that includes the attitudes, knowledge and skills that educators need to master in order to work with Open Educational Practices (OEP). With this outcome, the OpenGame research team aims at closing the gap between the expanded interest of researchers and practitioners towards a holistic vision of open education and the absence of a shared competence framework that can cover both the creation and/or use of Open Educational resources (OER) and the broader realm of OEP. Starting from literature review complemented with the analysis of 24 open teaching practices, 8 competences have been defined, related to both OER and open pedagogies. The competences relating to OER are: use open licences; search for OER; create, revise, and remix OER; and share OER. The competences relating to open pedagogy are: design open educational experiences; guide students to learn in the open; teach with OER; and implement open assessment. The framework details the knowledge and skills that correspond to each competence and can serve both as a starting point to build educators’ capacities to work with open approaches and as a reflexion tool to better understand what it means to be an Open Educator in the 21st century.
Online Peer Assessment in a First Cycle University Degree – Which Challenges?
Authors: De Jesus C. Relvas Maria , Do Carmo Teixeira Pinto Maria , Oliveira Isolina , Pereira Alda
Published: January 2021

Authenticity and transparency constitute two essential dimensions in the digital assessment of competences. Authenticity emphasises the importance of the complexity inherent to online assessment tasks related to real life contexts and are recognised as relevant by students, teachers and potential employers. Transparency has to do with the students’ involvement in the assessment tasks, through the democratisation and knowledge of the used strategies. Self-, co- and peer assessment are powerful instruments in the transparency operationalisation. The current study presents the peer assessment (PA) implementation process in a first cycle university degree curricular unit, in online context. The study was planned according to the following purposes: (a) to identify peer assessment potentialities and constraints in first cycle university degrees; (b) to analyse the questions that are brought forward among students by the application of a scoring rubric; (c) to reflect on the obtained results, aiming at the improvement of the implementation process and its applicability to other curricular units. In this essay, the authors present and discuss the obtained results, and propose recommendations to improve the quality of the peer assessment process.
Students’ Perception on E-Proctoring System for Online Assessment
Authors: De Santis Annamaria , Bellini Claudia , Sannicandro Katia , Minerva Tommaso
Published: January 2021

Online exams organization increased during the Covid-2019 pandemic. E-proctoring tools represented one of the systems used to take tests and monitor students’ behaviour and integrity. Previous studies on the theme analysed the ease, technical issues and reliability of the system, students’ academic results and digital skills in using online tools, effect of proctored testing on anxiety and performances. The paper presents the results of the questionnaire administered to 541 students at University of Modena and Reggio Emilia to define how the use of e-proctoring systems for exams affects students’ perceptions about their performances and teachers’ role and impacts on concentration, attention, time management, anxiety, understanding, and motivation. The sample was predominantly divided into two equivalent groups in the answers: students who found positive elements in the experience, and students who saw the anxiety worsening using Smowl; students who were ready to use this tool with or without teachers also in the future, and students who found worrying the distance from the teacher. The exception to these results is students in Digital Education course degree who demonstrate greater confidence in proctored testing. The inquiry underlines teachers’ necessity to accurately design the exams and communicate with students in all teaching moments (include assessment).
Ethical Challenges in the Use of Iot in Education: On the Path to Personalization
Authors: Dos Reis Tomás Cecília Cristina , Moreira Teixeira António
Published: January 2021

In the research on the ethical challenges related to the Internet of Things (IoT) and the personalisation of the learning process, four key categories have been identified: Security, Privacy, Automation, and Interaction. Based on this framework, using Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT), we’ve conducted a study with twenty one actors in the field which have reflected on the advantages, risks and challenges, creating and developing theoretical solutions from technological, pedagogical, and ethical-philosophical perspectives. Coupled with the challenge of interoperability on IoT highways, the educational process generates disadvantages associated with access, use, monitoring and ownership of data, as well as standardization that falls under “profiling” rather than personalization. This leads to problems like exclusion, redundancy of the human being in education through its homogenization and determinism that leads to a loss of sense of freedom, control and choice. The consequence is surveillance associated with corporativism and the loss of the notion of the Common Good in general and in the education in particular. In this paper we discuss how IoT, algorithms and Artificial Intelligence (AI) linked to automation falls within the profiling; and whether more artisanal solutions linked to human language, communication and the relationship that enhance collaboration among multitudes, lead to a stigmeric learning enhancing a personalization of proximity. In this way we are invited to think of a symbiosis between the human being and the machine without the threat of its control, but with the openness and access in education as advantages, the expansion of interaction and communication enhanced by automated processes in pursuit of personalization, distinguishing the cost from the value of data, the value of collective data from the value of personal data among other challenges. In the paper we suggest the idea of a new social contract, whose ethical dimension necessarily rests on the value of the Common Good associated with justice, equity, equality and inclusion.
A Pedagogical Model to Scale Up Effective Teacher Professional Development – Findings from The Teacher Academy Initiative of the European Commission
Authors: Hertz Benjamin , Grainger Clemson Hannah , Tasic Hansen Daniella , Laurillard Diana , Murray Madeleine , Fernandes Luis , Gilleran Anne , Rojas Ruiz Diego , Rutkauskiene Danguole
Published: January 2021

Teachers continue to experience change in education policy, societal trends, and cultural shifts in pedagogical thought, which all require a continual adaptation and innovation of their own practice. Effective support and opportunities for teachers to develop and apply their competences is crucial for maintaining both motivation and high standards in the school education profession. However, many teachers across Europe claim to struggle to have access to effective forms of Continued Professional Development (CPD) coupled with the numerous demands already made on their work. Onsite (face to face) courses with opportunities for peer learning remain popular but are not time or financially cost-effective in reaching a large number of teachers. By exploring the pedagogical model of the online courses of the European Commission’s ‘Teacher Academy’, this article discusses how an effective, collaborative approach to online CPD can be developed as a way of addressing both teacher and school education system needs.
Pedagogical Models for Compelling Learning Experiences with Technology
Authors: Parrish Patrick
Published: January 2021

Technology offers tremendous opportunities to improve learning experiences and outcomes. However, we should be striving for technology-enhanced learning that not only brings more to learners, but demands more of them as well. Learning experiences that strive for significant impacts should challenge learners to solve problems, conduct investigations, strategize courses of action, or construct knowledge through personal projects. Such experiences can bring out the aesthetic potential of learning, leading to transformative outcomes. This paper argues for the importance of considering this aesthetic potential to make learning compelling, and describes four instructional projects developed in my own work in recent years. These projects used four different, well-researched pedagogical models as the basis for their approaches.
Emergency Online Learning at the Universidad De La República, Uruguay: Challenges for the Post-Pandemic Digital University
Authors: Rodés-Paragarino Virginia , García-Lutz Gustavo
Published: January 2021

Between 2005 and 2020, hybrid education at the Universidad de la República (Udelar), Uruguay, became universalized through the Virtual Learning Environments Program (ProEVA), with the aim of satisfying the growing demand for higher education, improving the quality of teaching, and reducing the digital and geographic gap. These developments were challenged during the implementation of emergency online learning arising from the COVID19 Pandemic. The article introduces preliminary analysis of this ongoing process, and the challenges they present for the digital transformation of the post-pandemic university, and for the development of an appropriate, sovereign, critical digital pedagogy and caring approach for the Digital University.
Digital Transformation of Educational Institutions: Challenges, Opportunities and Needs Caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Azevedo Abílio , Azevedo Patrícia
Published: January 2021

Educational institutions have invested in digital transformation, bringing new opportunities, however, also presenting challenges associated with this change. Recently, the Covid-19 outbreak accelerated this process, accentuating online learning in the educational process. The purpose of this article was to present an overview of the challenges and opportunities related to digital transformation of educational institutions and the needs caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Consequently, to better define the subject, it was conducted a qualitative methodology of bibliographic review. Digital transformation requires a reorganization of educational institutions, not only in the academic curriculum but also in both networking and social ways. Efforts are needed to integrate students and teachers in this digital age since they require training, monitoring and support in both digital knowledge and digital security. Otherwise, there is the risk of disruptions and anguish occurrence in the transitioning process and most of the advances made may not be sustainable. Despite all the known advantages of implementing new technologies in learning, digital divide raises concerns about equity. A good internet connection and availability of equipment are essential to make teaching process uniform and fair. Covid-19 pandemic forced digital transformation and the abrupt change in routines and procedures has putted everyone under great strain, namely teachers. However, this forced change also brought positive aspects such as investment in technologies of the future, with numerous initiatives and learning models already in practice and which are here to stay, as the teaching methods will never be the same after such an impactful experience.
Using Apps to Develop Mental Calculation in Primary Education
Authors: Gonçalves Samuel , Rocha Antonieta , Paz João
Published: January 2021

This research aimed to evaluate the development of mental calculation in Primary Education students promoting the use of the Calculus app in a mobile learning environment. It was observed that children have and use several portable devices with internet connection demonstrating that they are familiarized with technology. Therefore, the immanent pedagogical potential in technology should be used by educational actors towards educational success promoting immersive, contextualized, and centred student learning. Action research was elected as our methodology with planned classroom sessions for the development of mental calculation. It was found that the use of technological resources served educational intentions presenting advantages regarding motivation, feedback, time, concentration, pedagogical differentiation, evaluation, and productivity. This initiative, although not without difficulties, demonstrates that the School must assume its role of mediation of the use of technological resources for the development of school skills.
On the Paradoxes of Teaching Digital Anthropology Online: Reflexive Pedagogy and the Challenges of Involuntary Online Learning
Authors: Apostolidou Anna
Published: January 2021

The paper examines the heightened role of reflexive pedagogy and the challenges of participation that came as a result of the sudden transition of conventional higher education into an exclusively online modality during the 2020 covid-19 pandemic. Drawing on the cultural and educational context of Greece, the paper focuses on the case study of an undergraduate course in Digital Anthropology at Panteion University and details the challenges that were met creatively by the students and the instructor. To that end it employs an ethnographic study of the classroom, and discusses students’ testimonies from the weekly online evaluation that was performed during the spring term 2020 along several axes of participation which include: participation in numbers; participation in active dialogue; participation in (collaborative) coursework using multimedia format; participation in ongoing evaluation; silent and invisible participation. The analysis is contextualized in the unprecedented social and educational conditions of the pandemic and its repercussions on the shifting roles and performances of students and instructors.
Educators Competences Facing Challenges of Digital Transformation: A Brazilian Experience
Authors: Martins Gomes de Gusmão Cristine , Pereira de Oliveira Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2021

Since March 11, the world has faced a major transformation in daily life, especially in the functions of professionals, with the announcement of the Covid-19 pandemic. New practices were implemented, and, in the educational area, educators began to deal directly with the evident need for technical and emotional skills in professional practice. The United Nations Development Program indicates, including through a framework, the importance of applying skills in professional practice. Education is no different, the program established those that should be the four pillars of education for the 21st century: learn to know, learn to do, learn to live and learn to be. Within this context, this article presents actions taken for in-service training of public-school teachers in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
Az igazságügyi rovartan szerepe a nyomozásban
Authors: Bozó Csaba
Published: January 2021

The author provides an overview of the role of forensic entomology in investigating violent crime scenes.
A kovamoszat szerepe a vízbe fulladás, illetve az élve születettség orvos szakértői bizonyításában
Authors: Sándor Erika
Published: January 2021

The authors provide an overview of how the laboratorial examination of diatom is used in the forensic analysis of drowning.
Variability in NGC 3201 Giant Stars and Its Impact on Their Spectroscopic [Fe/H] Determination
Authors: Albornoz Á. Llancaqueo , Villanova S. , Cortés C. C. , Ahumada J. A. , Parisi C.
Published: January 2021

We present the analysis of 34 light curves in V and I of 17 giant stars in the globular cluster NGC 3201 to check if such stars are variable and if their variability has some kind of impact on the iron abundance as obtained from spectroscopic measurements. First, we computed the generalized Lomb–Scargle and phase dispersion minimization periodograms of the sample to check if the stars were variables. In this way, seven stars of the sample were found to be nonvariable, two stars are considered as possible variables, and eight stars were found to be variable, with periods ranging from 0.0881 ± 0.0001 to 0.5418 ± 0.0027 days. According to the literature, the variables have distinct values of [Fe I/H]: the three most metal-rich stars are in the red giant branch (RGB) stage, one has [Fe I/H] = −1.37 dex, while the other two have [Fe I/H] = −1.31 dex. The two most metal-poor variables have [Fe I/H] = −1.61 dex and [Fe I/H] = −1.62 dex, and are AGB stars; the remaining variables have [Fe I/H] = −1.44, −1.48, and −1.50 dex, the first two being RGB stars while the last is an AGB star. On the other hand, stars that appear to be nonvariable have  −1.56 ≤ [Fe I/H] ≤ −1.40. We conclude that variability somehow affects the spectroscopic determination of the iron content of giant stars in NGC 3201, increasing the iron spread of the cluster. If variability is not taken into account, this spread could be incorrectly interpreted as due to an intrinsic iron spread affecting the stars of the cluster.
Elemental Abundances of Major Elements in the Solar Wind as Measured in Genesis Targets and Implications on Solar Wind Fractionation
Authors: Heber Veronika S. , McKeegan Kevin D. , Steele Robert C. J. , Jurewicz Amy J. G. , Rieck Karen D. , Guan Yunbin , Wieler Rainer , Burnett Donald S.
Published: January 2021

We present elemental abundance data of C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Ca, and Cr in Genesis silicon targets. For Na, Mg, Al, and Ca, data from three different solar wind (SW) regimes are also presented. Data were obtained by backside depth profiling using secondary ion mass spectrometry. The accuracy of these measurements exceeds those obtained by in situ observations; therefore, the Genesis data provide new insights into elemental fractionation between Sun and SW, including differences between SW regimes. We integrate previously published noble gas and hydrogen elemental abundances from Genesis targets, as well as preliminary values for K and Fe. The abundances of the SW elements measured display the well-known fractionation pattern that correlates with each element’s first-ionization potential (FIP). When normalized either to spectroscopic photospheric solar abundances or to those derived from CI-chondritic meteorites, the fractionation factors of low-FIP elements (K, Na, Al, Ca, Cr, Mg, Fe) are essentially identical within uncertainties, but the data are equally consistent with increasing fractionation with decreasing FIP. The elements with higher FIPs between ∼11 and ∼16 eV (C, N, O, H, Ar, Kr, Xe) display a relatively well-defined trend of increasing fractionation with decreasing FIP, if normalized to modern 3D photospheric model abundances. Among the three Genesis regimes, the fast SW displays the least elemental fractionation for almost all elements (including the noble gases) but differences are modest: for low-FIP elements, the precisely measured fast–slow SW variations are less than 3%.
Dynamically Tagged Groups of Very Metal-poor Halo Stars from the HK and Hamburg/ESO Surveys
Authors: Limberg Guilherme , Rossi Silvia , Beers Timothy C. , Perottoni Hélio D. , Pérez-Villegas Angeles , Santucci Rafael M. , Abuchaim Yuri , Placco Vinicius M. , Lee Young Sun , Christlieb Norbert , Norris John E. , Bessell Michael S. , Ryan Sean G. , Wilhelm Ronald , Rhee Jaehyon , Frebel Anna
Published: January 2021

We analyze the dynamical properties of ∼1500 very metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H] ≲ −2.0) halo stars, based primarily on medium-resolution spectroscopic data from the HK and Hamburg/ESO surveys. These data, collected over the past 30 yr, are supplemented by a number of calibration stars and other small samples, along with astrometric information from Gaia DR2. We apply a clustering algorithm to the 4D energy-action space of the sample, and identify a set of 38 dynamically tagged groups (DTGs), containing between 5 and 30 member stars. Many of these DTGs can be associated with previously known prominent substructures such as Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), Sequoia, Helmi Stream (HStr), and Thamnos. Others are associated with previously identified smaller dynamical groups of stars and streams. We identify 10 new DTGs as well, many of which have strongly retrograde orbits. We also investigate possible connections between our DTGs and ∼300 individual r-process-enhanced (RPE) stars from a recent literature compilation. We find that several of these objects have similar dynamical properties to GSE (5), the HStr (4), Sequoia (1), and Rg5 (1), indicating that their progenitors might have been important sources of RPE stars in the Galaxy. Additionally, a number of our newly identified DTGs are shown to be associated with at least two RPE stars each (DTG-2: 3, DTG-7: 2; DTG-27: 2). Taken as a whole, these results are consistent with ultra-faint and/or dwarf spheroidal galaxies as birth environments in which r-process nucleosynthesis took place, and then were disrupted by the Milky Way.
Spatial Distribution of O vi Covering Fractions in the Simulated Circumgalactic Medium
Authors: Marra Rachel , Churchill Christopher W. , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Vander Vliet Rachel , Ceverino Daniel , Lewis James G. , Nielsen Nikole M. , Muzahid Sowgat , Charlton Jane C.
Published: January 2021

We use adaptive mesh refinement cosmological simulations to study the spatial distribution and covering fraction of

absorption in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) as a function of projected virial radius and azimuthal angle. We compare these simulations to an observed sample of 53 galaxies from the Multiphase Galaxy Halos Survey. Using Mockspec, an absorption-line analysis pipeline, we generate synthetic quasar absorption-line observations of the simulated CGM. To best emulate observations, we studied the averaged properties of 15,000 “mock samples,” each of 53 sight lines having a distribution of

and sight-line orientation statistically consistent with the observations. We find that the

covering fraction obtained for the simulated galaxies agrees well with the observed value for the inner halo (

) and is within 1.1σ in the outer halo (

), but is underproduced within

. The observed bimodal distribution of the

covering fraction with azimuthal angle, showing a higher frequency of absorption along the projected major and minor axes of galaxies, is not reproduced in the simulations. Further analysis reveals the spatial-kinematic distribution of

-absorbing gas is dominated by outflows in the inner halo mixed with an inflowing gas that originates from farther out in the halo. Though the CGM of the individual simulated galaxies exhibits spatial structure, the flat azimuthal distribution occurs because the individual simulated galaxies do not develop a CGM structure that is universal from galaxy to galaxy.
Icarus: A Flat and Fast Prograde Stellar Stream in the Milky Way Disk
Authors: Fiorentin Paola Re , Spagna Alessandro , Lattanzi Mario G. , Cignoni Michele
Published: January 2021

We explore the local volume of the Milky Way via chemical and kinematical measurements from high-quality astrometric and spectroscopic data recently released by the Gaia, APOGEE, and GALAH programs. We chemically select 1137 stars up to 2.5 kpc of the Sun and [Fe/H] ≤ −1.0 dex, and find evidence of statistically significant substructures. Clustering analysis in velocity space classifies 163 objects into eight kinematical groups, whose origin is further investigated with high-resolution N-body numerical simulations of single merging events. The two retrograde groups appear associated with Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE), while the slightly prograde group could be connected to GSE or possibly Wukong. We find evidence of a new 44-member-strong prograde stream that we name Icarus; to our knowledge, Icarus is the fast-rotating stream closest to the Galactic disk to date (

, 〈V + V
LSR〉 ≃ 231 km s−1). Its peculiar chemical (〈[Fe/H]〉 ≃ −1.45, 〈[Mg/Fe]〉 ≃ −0.02) and dynamical (mean eccentricity ≃ 0.11) properties are consistent with the accretion of debris from a dwarf galaxy progenitor with a stellar mass of ∼109
M
☉ on an initial prograde low-inclination orbit, ∼10°. The remaining prograde groups are either streams previously released by the same progenitor of Icarus (or Nyx), or remnants from different satellites accreted on initial orbits at higher inclination.