bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical - chemical interaction of injection waters with depleted gas formations
Authors: Stefănescu Dan-Paul
Published: August 2021

In order that the physical - chemical interaction of the injection water with the porous-permeable or fissured medium of reservoirs do not lead to their degradation, it is necessary that the waters to meet a number of quality conditions. The treatment and conditioning of the injectable waters is imperative to do so due to the fact that their provenance is different, such as reservoir waters, wastewater resulting from various operations – petroleum operations, meteoric waters, etc. and, in particular, due to the very large volumes of injected water. Failure to follow the steps associated with the water treatment process inevitably leads to premature reduction of the injection wells receptivity. This aspect, as well as another, will be analysed in the context of this article. The injection of water in different geological formations, usually highly depleted, is a connected and defining one in the process of extraction of natural gas from reservoirs. The claim is based on the fact that the very large volumes of reservoir water taken from natural gas stream must be stored safely, otherwise their free discharge would create a real ecological catastrophe
Analysis of non-sparking metallic materials for potentially explosive atmospheres
Authors: Chelariu Romeo Gabriel , Bejinariu Costica , Bernevig Mihai Adrian , Toma Stefan Lucian , Cazac Alin Marian , Cimpoesu Nicanor
Published: August 2021

In few specific applications the explosive potential of environment in case of sparks presence is very high, like petroleum or natural gaseous media or even grain mills, and usage of non-sparking materials is extremely important. The damage produce by an explosion can be more expensive, 1000 times, than the cost of the metallic elements that can produce sparks. In case of working gears, that can produce sparks in time, is recommended the use of special metallic materials. The most used material for gears is steel and in this case can be replaced with a bronze with aluminum and beryllium to reduce the possibility of sparks production. In this article the obtaining of an aluminum bronze with beryllium is analyzed and is considered the possibility to use it as alloy for gears proposed for explosive environments.
Recreation and work in an emerging country: a combination of regulatory and motivational influences
Authors: Shevchenko Hanna , Burkynskyi Borys , Petrushenko Mykola
Published: August 2021

The work can not be considered in isolation from the recreation as a process of an individual’s vital forces restoration. In emerging economies, recreational management needs an actualization at both the macro and micro levels. The purpose of the study is an analysis of the possibilities of combining the functions of regulation and motivation in the direction of increasing productivity and employment due to improved recreation. The research methodology is the Breton-Brennan-Buchanan model, within which homo economicus feels the influence from the government and adjusts the ratio of “work – leisure”. A modified view on this model is that the state is seen not only in terms of income maximization. If the collected taxes are returned to the individual, in particular in the form of qualitative recreation, then in this case the demotivation in the form of non-effective work is reduced. The paper substantiates the directions of recreational sphere activation in Ukraine, namely in relation to: increasing the motivational role of the state, along with its exclusively regulatory function; participation of enterprises in the processes of discussion and implementation of measures relevant to improving the quality of the recreational environment and infrastructure within the framework of public space renovation.
Assessing (Auditing) the Conformity with Legal and Other Provisions in Terms of Occupational Health and Safety of Critical Power Infrastructures
Authors: Grigorie Emilia , Fita Nicolae Daniel , Pasculescu Dragos , Pasculescu Vlad Mihai
Published: August 2021

In order to ensure energy, economic and societal security, the State must ensure access to electricity to all domestic, industrial and vital consumers, which are made through critical power infrastructures. This makes power substations strategic objectives of national and European interest, and the role of OHS (personnel and secure workplaces in an ergonomic and healthy working environment) on them becomes a major objective to ensure the smooth functioning of the national economy. In the current situation, and in many unfortunate cases, OHS activity is subordinate to production or service activity and OHS risk assessments and audits are also made formally by non-specialized personnel, leading to undesirable events with an unstable effect, and the need for assessment (auditing) with legal and other provisions is intended to verify compliance with OHS rules and principles and to limit or stop work accidents. This paper addresses the verification of OHS, by “INCDPM Bucharest method” - Assessment of conformity with legal and other provisions (auditing)” - to an European critical infrastructure (power substation), for the purpose of verifying knowledge and conformity with legal and other provisions at the workplace level and assessing the efficiency or failure of the OHS management system of the analyzed economic entity management, and after implementation it will serve as a tool to verify the functioning of the system. The assessment (auditing) of the OHS shows that the critical power infrastructure under consideration has an overall level of safety close to maximum (99,88%) and a low overall risk level, which means that OHS rules are met and the assessment (auditing) has had a positive effect.
Learning and performance evaluation in distance higher education: a case study during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Capperucci Davide , Salvadori Ilaria
Published: August 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused disruption in students’ education and imposed numerous and unprecedented challenges on the educational systems all over the world turning the traditional learning processes into online distance education. The new context has raised the question of how to evaluate students’ learning and competences in distance education environments as effectively as possible. To maintain high quality standards of higher education, it is undoubtedly necessary to investigate through which tools the lecturers evaluate both the processes and the products of learning gained in online education. This study has been carried out at the University of Florence, with a sample of 60 lecturers, during the first period of pandemic. It has a twofold aim: (1) investigating lecturers’ beliefs on assessment and evaluation in distance higher education and (2) comparing online assessment techniques and tools with those used in face-toface classroom practices. The case study uses mixed methods and proposes data collected through an online questionnaire and semi-structured interviews analyzed with a quanti-qualitative approach. It pointed out the main problems the study group faced in evaluating students’ learning and performance in remote university education and suggested, at the same time, possible solutions to tackle learning and performance evaluation processes through alternative assessment methods.
Análise dos Principais Fluxos de Abastecimento de Biomassa Florestal em Portugal
Authors: Cunha Jorge , Marques Alexandra
Published: August 2021

A procura crescente de biomassa florestal para satisfazer um conjunto cada vez mais alargado de utilizações confere novos desafios quanto à sua utilização. Aspetos como o tipo de biomassa, como pode ser utilizada, os impactos com a sua exploração e consequentemente a sua disponibilidade, são questões cada vez mais relevantes. Metodologias que permitam contribuir para dar este tipo de respostas e assim, apoiar a definição e implementação dos regulamentos e estratégias a nível nacional e europeu, são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento sustentável no contexto da bioeconomia e da economia circular. O presente estudo pretende contribuir para o fomento da utilização da biomassa florestal em Portugal através da análise das fontes de biomassa florestal disponíveis e suas principais utilizações, consubstanciada numa análise de fluxos de materiais ao nível do país e das capacidades de processamento atualmente instaladas. A metodologia proposta assenta em cinco etapas: 1) estabilização e adoção de conceitos comuns; 2) análise de dados estatísticos e obtenção de estimativas de fluxos de biomassa; 3) representação dos fluxos através de um Diagrama de Sankey; 4) análise de cenários; 5) validação pelos stakeholders. Tem como principal objetivo tornar possível a comparação entre diferentes regiões ou países e de monitorizar os fluxos de biomassa florestal ao longo do tempo. Deste modo, a abordagem proposta pode ser útil para apoiar a tomada de decisões de investimento nas empresas e também apoiar o desenho das políticas públicas setoriais.
Structured Reporting of Whole-Body Trauma CT Scans Using Checklists: Diagnostic Accuracy of Reporting Radiologists Depending on Their Level of Experience
Authors: Dendl Lena Marie , Pausch Antonia Maria , Hoffstetter Patrick , Dornia Christian , Höllthaler Josef , Ernstberger Antonio , Becker Roland , Kopf Sebastian , Schleder Stephan , Schreyer Andreas G.
Published: August 2021

Purpose Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a checklist-style structured reporting template in the setting of whole-body multislice computed tomography in major trauma patients depending on the level of experience of the reporting radiologist.

Materials and Methods A total of 140 major trauma scans with the same protocol were included in this retrospective study. In a purely trial-intended reading, the trauma scans were analyzed by three radiologists with different levels of experience (resident, radiologist with 3 years of experience after board certification, and radiologist with 7 years of experience after board certification). The aim was to fill in the checklist 1 template within one minute to immediately diagnose management-altering findings. Checklist 2 was intended for the analysis of important trauma-related findings within 10 minutes. Reading times were documented. The final radiology report and the documented injuries in the patient’s medical record were used as gold standard.

Results The evaluation of checklist 1 showed a range of false-negative reports between 5.0 % and 11.4 % with the resident showing the highest accuracy. Checklist 2 showed overall high diagnostic inaccuracy (19.3–35.0 %). The resident's diagnostic accuracy was statistically significantly higher compared to the radiologist with 3 years of experience after board certification (p = 0.0197) and with 7 years of experience after board certification (p = 0.0046). Shorter average reporting time resulted in higher diagnostic inaccuracy. Most of the missed diagnoses were fractures of the spine and ribs.

Conclusion By using a structured reporting template in the setting of major trauma computed tomography, less experienced radiologists reach a higher diagnostic accuracy compared to experienced readers.

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Citation Format
Role of Platelet Function Test in Predicting Postoperative Bleeding Risk after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sharan Sandeep , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Choudhury Minati , Devagourou V , Choudhury Ujjwal  Kumar , Ravi Vajala
Published: August 2021

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk of excessive bleeding and its associated complications. Excessive bleeding during and after cardiac surgery has an incidence of ~20%. Massive bleeding and subsequent requirement for blood product administration and mediastinal reexploration are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Postoperative, nonsurgical bleeding in cardiac surgical patients is often multifactorial. Platelet dysfunction, excessive fibrinolysis, hypothermia, preoperative anemia, and deficiency of coagulation factors or their dilution are all suggested etiologies of postoperative bleeding. In the Arachidonic Acid Thromboelastometry (ARATEM) test, platelets are activated with arachidonic acid; in Adenosine diphosphate Thromboelastometry (ADPTEM) test, platelets are activated with adenosine diphosphate; and in TRAPTEM test, platelets are activated with thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6. Measurement time is 6 minutes, and results are expressed in three different parameters: A6 (amplitude at 6 minutes, in Ohm); MS (maximum slope of the aggregation curve in Ohm/min), and AUC (area under the curve in Ohm.min). Algorithm-based point-of-care platelet function testing helped us to preemptively give the right blood component therapy, avoiding fibrinolytic bleeding in the postoperative period.
Resident Physician Experience and Duration of Electronic Health Record Use
Authors: Holmgren A. Jay , Lindeman Brenessa , Ford Eric W.
Published: August 2021

Background Electronic health records (EHRs) demand a significant amount of physician time for documentation, orders, and communication during care delivery. Resident physicians already work long hours as they gain experience and develop both clinical and socio-technical skills.

Objectives Measure how much time resident physicians spend in the EHR during clinic hours and after-hours, and how EHR usage changes as they gain experience over a 12-month period.

Methods Longitudinal descriptive study where participants were 622 resident physicians across postgraduate year cohorts (of 948 resident physicians at the institution, 65.6%) working in an ambulatory setting from July 2017 to June 2018. Time spent in the EHR per patient, patients records documented per day, and proportion of EHR time spent after-hours were the outcome, while the number of months of ambulatory care experience was the predictor.

Results Resident physicians spent an average of 45.6 minutes in the EHR per patient, with 13.5% of that time spent after-hours. Over 12 months of ambulatory experience, resident physicians reduced their EHR time per patient and saw more patients per day, but the proportion of EHR time after-hours did not change.

Conclusion Resident physicians spend a significant amount of time working in the EHR, both during and after clinic hours. While residents improve efficiency in reducing EHR time per patient, they do not reduce the proportion of EHR time spent after-hours. Concerns over the impact of EHRs on physician well-being should include recognition of the burden of EHR usage on early-career physicians.
Conceptual design of Thomson scattering diagnostics for the COMPASS-U tokamak
Authors: Bohm P. , Sos M. , Bilkova P. , Kral M. , Hecko J. , Tomes M. , Havranek A. , Weinzettl V. , Hron M. , Panek R.
Published: August 2021

The Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic, one of the key diagnostics used on the tokamaks around the world, is planned for the COMPASS-U tokamak, which is recently under design and construction in the Institute of Plasma Physics in Prague, Czech Republic. This tokamak is supposed to be a world-unique, high magnetic field device with hot walls, allowing for the study of the plasma exhaust in advanced operational scenarios and testing cutting-edge technologies relevant to future fusion reactors, e.g., use of liquid metals. The core and edge TS systems are planned to be designed and operational, with a limited performance, already in the early stage of the tokamak operation. In this contribution, requirements and the most important constraints defining the TS system design are presented. The impact of both the possible collection lens location and spatial resolution on the plasma pedestal observation is simulated. Design considerations also take into account the high-resolution TS core and edge systems available from the COMPASS tokamak, which will be reused. The collection lenses will be newly built. Extension of the detection system will complete the plasma radius coverage in the future. The divertor TS is considered for later periods.
Distinct chemical fixation of CO2 enabled by exotic gold nanoclusters
Authors: Yang Dan , Song Yu , Yang Fang , Sun Yongnan , Li Shuohao , Liu Xu , Zhu Yan , Yang Yanhui
Published: August 2021

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters, especially the metal nanoclusters with an exotic core structure, have given rise to a great deal of interest in catalysis, attributing to their well-defined structures at the atomic level and consequently unique electronic properties. Herein, the catalytic performances of three gold nanoclusters, such as Au38S2(S-Adm)20 with a body-centered cubic (bcc) kernel structure, Au30(S-Adm)18 with a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) core structure, and Au21(S-Adm)15 with a face-centered cubic (fcc) kernel structure, were attempted for the CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides toward cyclic carbonates. Due to the excess positive charge with a strong Lewis acidity and large chemical adsorption capacity, the bcc-Au38S2(S-Adm)20 nanocluster outperformed the hcp-Au30(S-Adm)18 and fcc-Au21(S-Adm)15 nanoclusters. Additionally, the synergistic effect between the gold nanocluster and co-catalyst played a crucial role in CO2 cycloaddition.
The interaction of parallel and inclined planar rarefied sonic plumes—From free molecular to continuum regime
Authors: Vesper J. Elin , Broeders Theo J. M. , Batenburg Joëlle , van Odyck Daniel E. A. , Kleijn Chris R.
Published: August 2021

The interaction between rarefied vapor plumes can cause shocks and consequently distinct peaks in mass flux which produce undesirable non-uniformities. To evaluate the impact of shock formation, we study pairs of interacting planar plumes, varying the degree of rarefaction and general geometric parameters, namely, the nozzle-separation-distance and the mutual plume inclination. To consider the extremes of rarefaction, we give the analytic solution for free molecular flow and simulate the inviscid continuum solution using an approximate Riemann solver. In the transitional flow regime, direct simulation Monte Carlo is applied. To detect the shock location, we make use of the Method of Characteristics. We conclude that, although the rarefied flow regime physically lies in between the free molecular and the inviscid continuum flow regimes, the peak value of mass flux in the transitional flow regime exceeds both the one of free molecular flows and the one of inviscid continuum flows (the latter by ≈10%). Rarefied flow exhibits a broader, but weaker secondary expansion after the shock than continuum flow. For planar jet interaction, the occurrence of the shock is rather insensitive to nozzle separation distance. Despite the intuitive expectation that inclining the plumes away from each other would lead to shock reduction and thus give a more uniform mass flux, the opposite is the case: Inclining the plumes toward each other leads to a stronger shock, but also to a stronger expansion, thus producing a more uniform mass flux with less stray mass fluxes.
On the dynamics of a meniscus inside capillaries during imbibition and drainage processes: A generalized model, effect of inertia, and a numerical algorithm
Authors: Salama Amgad
Published: August 2021

In imbibition or drainage processes, a fluid displaces another immiscible one. If the displacing fluid is wetting, this is an imbibition process and is drainage if otherwise. While imbibition can proceed without the action of external force (e.g., pressure), drainage cannot unless sufficient external force is applied. One of the most important phenomena in this regard is related to the estimation of the location of the meniscus inside the tube and its velocity with time. This has been the topic of extensive research works for which analytical expressions exist for some special cases including the case in which the displaced fluid is air. Recently, a generalization to this approach has been developed, which accounts for the more general scenario in which the displaced fluid assumes considerable viscosity and density contrasts compared with the displacing one. However, in this recently developed model, and even in most of the previously studied special cases, an inherent assumption was made to ignore inertial effects. While this assumption is reasonable given the relatively slow advancement of the meniscus in capillaries, it results in the velocity to jump at the start of the imbibition process to a relatively higher value before declining as the meniscus advances. In fact, in actual imbibition experiments, velocity develops from zero to a maximum value in a short period of time before it declines as the meniscus continues to advance. In this work, a generalized model is developed, which accounts for the inertia of the fluids inside the tube. A nonlinear ordinary differential equation is developed, which accounts for the acceleration of the fluid and the contrasts of viscosity and density of the two fluids in capillaries. A numerical algorithm is also developed where the differential equation is linearized to facilitate the numerical solution. Verifications of the numerical algorithm are conducted to build confidence in the computational approach.
Protein interaction landscapes revealed by advanced in vivo cross-linking–mass spectrometry
Authors: Wheat Andrew , Yu Clinton , Wang Xiaorong , Burke Anthony M. , Chemmama Ilan E. , Kaake Robyn M. , Baker Peter , Rychnovsky Scott D. , Yang Jing , Huang Lan
Published: August 2021

Significance

Blueprints of in-cell protein interaction landscapes are essential for our understanding of cellular structures and functions, which have been challenging to study at the systems level. Cross-linking–mass spectrometry (XL-MS) represents a high-throughput method for global profiling of interaction networks and can determine the identity and connectivity of native PPIs simultaneously without cell engineering. While in vivo XL-MS experiments are feasible, in-depth analyses remain difficult due to technical limitations on sample preparation. Here, we have developed a new Alkyne-A-DSBSO–based in vivo XL-MS platform that enabled us to obtain the most comprehensive PPI maps in cells. This approach can be adopted for proteome-wide XL-MS studies in any organisms and sample origins, thus advancing interactome biology beyond proteome identity and abundance.
A diachronic corpus-driven study of the expression of possibility in Luganda (Bantu, JE15)
Authors: Kawalya Deo , Bostoen Koen , de Schryver Gilles-Maurice
Published: August 2021

This article employs a 4-million-word diachronic corpus to examine how the expression of possibility has evolved in Luganda since the 1890s to the present, by focusing on the language’s three main potential markers -yînz-, -sóból- and -andi-, and their historical interaction. It is shown that while the auxiliary -yînz- originally covered the whole modal subdomain of possibility, the auxiliary -sóból- has steadily taken over the more objective categories of dynamic possibility. Currently, -yînz- first and foremost conveys deontic and epistemic possibility. It still prevails in these more subjective modal categories even though the prefix -andi-, a conditional marker in origin, has started to express epistemic possibility since the 1940s, and -sóból- deontic possibility since the 1970s. More generally, this article demonstrates the potential of corpus linguistics for the study of diachronic semantics beyond language comparison. This is an important achievement in Bantu linguistics, where written language data tend to be young.
Dasineura oxycoccana
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: August 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Dasineura oxycoccana
(Johnson), Diptera: Cecidomyiidae. Hosts:
Vaccinium
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Morocco), Asia (Japan, Honshu, Korea Republic), Europe (Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Switzerland, UK, England) and North America (Canada, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, Oregon, Washington, Wisconsin).
A Case of Dry Beriberi from Alcohol use Disorder and Disordered Eating
Authors: Sycks Kimberly , Simerlink Steffen , McKnight Lucas , Trovato Vincenzo
Published: August 2021

Background: Thiamin is an essential vitamin that is involved in every organ system in the body. Thiamin deficiency can present as beriberi or Wernicke's encephalopathy. We seek to educate practitioners in developed countries to include beriberi on the differential diagnosis when a patient with alcohol use disorder, poor diet and/or disordered eating presents with ascending paralysis without albuminocytologic dissociation. Case: In this case report, a 20-year-old female with no past medical history presented with three weeks of ascending paralysis. At presentation, she could not grasp objects, walk, or rise from a seated position. She reported consuming excessive alcohol and an otherwise limited diet due to picky eating. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy secondary to dry beriberi from severe protein-calorie malnutrition and alcohol use disorder. She received an aggressive thiamin replacement regimen as well as physical and occupational therapy. She was discharged to home 24 days after her initial presentation. Discussion: This patient case offers a unique presentation of ascending paralysis without albuminocytologic dissociation due to severe dry beriberi from a diet of unenriched carbohydrates and excessive alcohol in an otherwise young, healthy adult in the United States. Our goal is that in reviewing the unusual details of this case, providers will be better equipped for the timely diagnosis and treatment of similar cases in the future.
TDP-43 mediates SREBF2-regulated gene expression required for oligodendrocyte myelination
Authors: Ho Wan Yun , Chang Jer-Cherng , Lim Kenneth , Cazenave-Gassiot Amaury , Nguyen Aivi T. , Foo Juat Chin , Muralidharan Sneha , Viera-Ortiz Ashley , Ong Sarah J.M. , Hor Jin Hui , Agrawal Ira , Hoon Shawn , Arogundade Olubankole Aladesuyi , Rodriguez Maria J. , Lim Su Min , Kim Seung Hyun , Ravits John , Ng Shi-Yan , Wenk Markus R. , Lee Edward B. , Tucker-Kellogg Greg , Ling Shuo-Chien
Published: August 2021

Cholesterol metabolism operates autonomously within the central nervous system (CNS), where the majority of cholesterol resides in myelin. We demonstrate that TDP-43, the pathological signature protein for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), influences cholesterol metabolism in oligodendrocytes. TDP-43 binds directly to mRNA of SREBF2, the master transcription regulator for cholesterol metabolism, and multiple mRNAs encoding proteins responsible for cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake, including HMGCR, HMGCS1, and LDLR. TDP-43 depletion leads to reduced SREBF2 and LDLR expression, and cholesterol levels in vitro and in vivo. TDP-43–mediated changes in cholesterol levels can be restored by reintroducing SREBF2 or LDLR. Additionally, cholesterol supplementation rescues demyelination caused by TDP-43 deletion. Furthermore, oligodendrocytes harboring TDP-43 pathology from FTD patients show reduced HMGCR and HMGCS1, and coaggregation of LDLR and TDP-43. Collectively, our results indicate that TDP-43 plays a role in cholesterol homeostasis in oligodendrocytes, and cholesterol dysmetabolism may be implicated in TDP-43 proteinopathies–related diseases.
Eosinophils are part of the granulocyte response in tuberculosis and promote host resistance in mice
Authors: Bohrer Andrea C. , Castro Ehydel , Hu Zhidong , Queiroz Artur T.L. , Tocheny Claire E. , Assmann Maike , Sakai Shunsuke , Nelson Christine , Baker Paul J. , Ma Hui , Wang Lin , Zilu Wen , du Bruyn Elsa , Riou Catherine , Kauffman Keith D. ,   Tuberculosis Imaging Program, Moore Ian N. , Del Nonno Franca , Petrone Linda , Goletti Delia , Martineau Adrian R. , Lowe David M. , Cronan Mark R. , Wilkinson Robert J. , Barry Clifton E. , Via Laura E. , Barber Daniel L. , Klion Amy D. , Andrade Bruno B. , Song Yanzheng , Wong Ka-Wing , Mayer-Barber Katrin D.
Published: August 2021

Host resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires the activities of multiple leukocyte subsets, yet the roles of the different innate effector cells during tuberculosis are incompletely understood. Here we uncover an unexpected association between eosinophils and Mtb infection. In humans, eosinophils are decreased in the blood but enriched in resected human tuberculosis lung lesions and autopsy granulomas. An influx of eosinophils is also evident in infected zebrafish, mice, and nonhuman primate granulomas, where they are functionally activated and degranulate. Importantly, using complementary genetic models of eosinophil deficiency, we demonstrate that in mice, eosinophils are required for optimal pulmonary bacterial control and host survival after Mtb infection. Collectively, our findings uncover an unexpected recruitment of eosinophils to the infected lung tissue and a protective role for these cells in the control of Mtb infection in mice.
Computational analysis of direct current breakdown process in SF6 at low pressure
Authors: Gao Jiamao , Wu Hao , Yu Shimin , Chen Zhipeng , Wang Zhijiang , Jiang Wei , Pan Yuan
Published: August 2021

The breakdown of SF6 gas at low pressure is of vital importance to both aerospace and microelectronics industries. However, the breakdown characteristics of SF6 in direct current at low pressure are still seldom studied. In this work, one-dimensional implicit particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo collision algorithm is used to study the entire direct current breakdown process of low-pressure SF6. The ion-molecule collision, recombination, and external circuit are considered in the model. According to the results, the breakdown process can be divided into three stages: pre-breakdown stage, breakdown stage, and post-breakdown stage. In the pre-breakdown stage, the cathode sheath is not yet formed so the constant electric field exists in the entire area. In the breakdown stage, the formation mechanism of the cathode sheath is analyzed and the electrodes as a whole changes from capacitive to resistive, sharing the voltage with the external resistance. In the post-breakdown stage, the continued growth of positive ions leads to the formation of a thin anode sheath, which further causes the negative plasma potential, different from electropositive gas. The energy production terms including heating power and secondary electron emission (SEE) power are equal to the energy loss terms including collision loss power and boundary loss power, where collision loss power and boundary loss power are almost equal, while SEE power is negligible. In the final, plasma parameters gradually evolve to the last steady-state.
Properties of the Pt(111)/electrolyte electrochemical interface studied with a hybrid DFT–solvation approach
Authors: Tesch Rebekka , Kowalski Piotr M , Eikerling Michael H
Published: August 2021

Self-consistent modeling of the interface between solid metal electrode and liquid electrolyte is a crucial challenge in computational electrochemistry. In this contribution, we adopt the effective screening medium reference interaction site method (ESM–RISM) to study the charged interface between a Pt(111) surface that is partially covered with chemisorbed oxygen and an aqueous acidic electrolyte. This method proves to be well suited to describe the chemisorption and charging state of the interface at controlled electrode potential. We present an in-depth assessment of the ESM–RISM parameterization and of the importance of computing near-surface water molecules explicitly at the quantum mechanical level. We found that ESM–RISM is able to reproduce some key interface properties, including the peculiar, non-monotonic charging relation of the Pt(111)/electrolyte interface. The comparison with independent theoretical models and explicit simulations of the interface reveals strengths and limitations of ESM–RISM for modeling electrochemical interfaces.
Melt-quenched and as-deposited structures of amorphous selenium: a density functional/ molecular dynamics comparison
Authors: Kalikka J , Konstantinou K , Akola J , Jones R O
Published: August 2021

Molecular dynamics simulations using a density functional description of energies and forces have been carried out for a model of an as-deposited (AD) surface of amorphous selenium. The deposition model assumed the annealing (at 400 K) of layers of randomly located single atoms, followed by compression to the density used in earlier melt-quenched (MQ) simulations of amorphous Se, and by further annealing. The AD and MQ structures are predominantly twofold coordinated and similar, for example in the pair distribution functions, with notable differences: the AD structures have more defects (atoms with one and three neighbours), and the ring distributions differ. These differences are also reflected in the electronic structures of the AD and MQ samples, where the increased presence of defects in the former influences the Bader charges and the edge states of the band gap. The dominance of rings found in a previous simulation of AD structures is not found.
Relativistic aspects of orbital and magnetic anisotropies in the chemical bonding and structure of lanthanide molecules
Authors: Tiesinga Eite , Kłos Jacek , Li Ming , Petrov Alexander , Kotochigova Svetlana
Published: August 2021

The electronic structure of magnetic lanthanide atoms is fascinating from a fundamental perspective. They have electrons in a submerged open 4f shell lying beneath a filled 6s shell with strong relativistic correlations leading to a large magnetic moment and large electronic orbital angular momentum. This large angular momentum leads to strong anisotropies, i. e. orientation dependencies, in their mutual interactions. The long-ranged molecular anisotropies are crucial for proposals to use ultracold lanthanide atoms in spin-based quantum computers, the realization of exotic states in correlated matter, and the simulation of orbitronics found in magnetic technologies. Short-ranged interactions and bond formation among these atomic species have thus far not been well characterized. Efficient relativistic computations are required. Here, for the first time we theoretically determine the electronic and ro-vibrational states of heavy homonuclear lanthanide Er2 and Tm2 molecules by applying state-of-the-art relativistic methods. In spite of the complexity of their internal structure, we were able to obtain reliable spin–orbit and correlation-induced splittings between the 91 Er2 and 36 Tm2 electronic potentials dissociating to two ground-state atoms. A tensor analysis allows us to expand the potentials between the atoms in terms of a sum of seven spin–spin tensor operators simplifying future research. The strengths of the tensor operators as functions of atom separation are presented and relationships among the strengths, derived from the dispersive long-range interactions, are explained. Finally, low-lying spectroscopically relevant ro-vibrational energy levels are computed with coupled-channels calculations and analyzed.
Combination of in-situ ion beam analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy for studying deuterium implanted in tungsten
Authors: Kantre K , Szabo P S , Moro M V , Cupak C , Stadlmayr R , Medina L Zendejas , Aumayr F , Primetzhofer D
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate a combinatorial approach integrating ion implantation followed by thermal annealing and simultaneous in situ ion beam analysis with thermal desorption spectroscopy in a single set-up. Atomic and molecular deuterium ions of 3 keV were implanted into bulk tungsten with doses exceeding 1 × 1022 ions m−2. Depth profiling of both, protium and deuterium was performed by elastic recoil detection analysis, while simultaneously the outgassing rates of molecular deuterium by thermal desorption spectroscopy were monitored during temperature ramps from room temperature to ≈1400 K. The combination of the two techniques in situ is shown capable to identify the distinct retention behavior of deuterium at different temperatures and in different reservoirs, e.g. located close to the surface and diffused deep into the material. Ex-situ scanning electron microscopy confirmed blister formation, and recovery of the initial surface morphology after high temperature annealing, in analogy to comprehensive ex-situ studies.
Preliminary design of an Android-based Voltage Divider Calculator to support extracurricular program in elementary school
Authors: Fauzi S , Fuada S , Sari N T A , Emaniar T
Published: August 2021

In this era of 4.0, elementary school student education has been involved in simple robotic learning, such as line follower, line follower, and other robotics, mostly there is a voltage divider circuit. A voltage divider circuit is a form of many resistor configurations. The circuit is straightforward: it is constructed by a DC source (for example, Battery, Power Supply) as the input voltage (Vin), and at least two resistors (named as R1 & R2) are connected in series, where the middle point is connected- the series resistor becomes the output. Although this is a relatively simple circuit, for elementary school students, finding the output voltage (Vout) and finding the right combination of R1 & R2 to get the expected Vout takes a long time. Calculation difficulties arise because the values of R1 & R2 cannot be selected arbitrarily; it must follow commercially available resistors. A user-friendly, attractive, and simple calculation tool is needed to facilitate finding these variables. Based on literature studies, there has not been found in any paper that explicitly discusses the Android-based Voltage Divider Calculator. We also found no results for finding the applications mentioned on the sites of commercial Application providers (such as Playstore, Appstore, and so on). This paper is a preliminary study in designing an Android-based Voltage Divider Calculator Application. This paper only presents the analysis and design steps. It is hoped that this application can later be used as a complementary tool in the elementary school level electronics extracurricular program because most of the electronic material taught to elementary school students contains the introduction of resistors and mathematical expressions of resistor configuration accompany their application.
Solve the problem of learning fractions in mathematics trough scaffolding
Authors: Prihantini P , Rostika D , Hidayah N
Published: August 2021

Literature study of fraction learning problem in mathematics and scaffolding strategies, aims to reveal the results of previous research and offer solutions to solve the problem through scaffolding. This literature studies are sourced from the IOP conference series journal, science direct, and springer link journal articles, to expand the study taken from other sources, both journal articles and source books. The basis of the scaffolding theory refers to Vygotsky’s opinion which includes two main ideas, namely the zone of proximal development (ZPD) and scaffolding. The conclusions from the literature study are; (1) difficulties in understanding the concept and fraction calculation operations in mathematics experienced by elementary school students, junior high school students, and primary school teacher education students, (2) to help overcome difficulties understanding fraction concepts and fraction calculation operations, it is necessary to provide learning time according to student needs until achieving a complete understanding, (3) solutions to help learning fractions concepts and fraction calculation operations can be pursued through the ZPD scaffolding strategy by combining teacher-student dialogical interactions, collaborative, contextual, enriching metaphors, and dynamic communication.
The effect of make a match cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes in grade IV Mathematic subjects
Authors: Nurjamaludin M , Nugraha W S , Suryaningrat E F , Alani N
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of cooperative learning make a match type on mathematics learning outcomes in elementary school. This research used method of quasi experiment with Nonequivalent Control Group Design and also used Total Sampling technique, the sample are IVA class with 20 students as experiment’s group and IVB class with 20 students as control’s group. This research shows that cooperative learning make a match type have significant effect toward mathematics students achievement in elementary school. It’s based on the result of calculate data from both of group class, there are different value of tresult and ttable which tresult > ttable or 3,03 > 2,02.
Edu-Game media based on Android to learn Least Common Multiplication (LCM) and Great Common Divisor (GCD) for the 4th graders
Authors: Rahmawati I , Ayun N Q , Mariana N , Indrawati D , Wiryanto W , Budiyono B , Istianah F
Published: August 2021

Learning mathematics for elementary school students is often considered a creepy thing. Some of the tricks that can be used to remove this paradigm is the use of learning media that are attractive to students, one of which is the edu-game media based on android along with current technological developments. This development research developed the edu-game media based on android which aims to: describe the process of developing the edu-game media based on android to learn LCM and GCD for the 4th graders and (2) analyze the feasibility level of the edu-game media based on android to learn LCM and GCD for the 4th graders. The trial subjects of this study were the 4th graders of Laboratory Unesa Elementary School Surabaya and Geluran 1 Elementary School Taman Sidoarjo. The model used in this research is Plomp’s development model. From this research, the results obtained from the material expert validator with a percentage of 94.7% (valid), and from the media expert validator with a percentage of 93.75% (valid). Testing the test subjects got an average percentage of the entire program of 93.4% (very feasible).
The development of robotic-based learning media in improving critical thinking abilities and learning outcomes of primary students
Authors: Nugraha W S , Pujiasti D , Nurjamaludin M , Suryaningrat E F
Published: August 2021

This study aims to develop robotic-based learning media that can improve students’ critical thinking skills and students’ learning outcomes. The method used in this research is the experimental research method, with 4th grade students of primary school as a subject. The instruments used include test, questionnaire, and observation sheet. The data analyzed were the results of the application in learning and student response questionnaires. The results showed that the developed robotic-based learning media could improve students’ critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes with a gain value up to 0.85 (high criteria). The highest increase in thinking ability occurs in the indicator of analyzing and clarifying questions, answers, and arguments. Student learning outcomes after using robotic-based media showed a significant increase, this was indicated by the gain value reaching 0.78 (high criteria). The results of the response questionnaire showed a value up to 75.59%.
Preliminary design of simple IoT-based Smart Home trainer for kids
Authors: Fuada S , Hendriyana H , Putri H E , Caturiasari J , Jannah F R
Published: August 2021

In the Industrial 4.0 era, all household appliances have been connected to the internet, i.e., lights, curtains, fans, and so on. Users can control it via a smartphone as a remote. The competency to master the concepts and practices related to IoT are useful. The basic concept of IoT can be introduced to students since they are in primary school. In this paper, we design an Internet-of-Things trainer to demonstrate one of a simple IoT application to children. A smart home system is selected as a use case; we select simple household appliances to represent a smart home environment. The trainer is divided into two parts: Android app as a remote system and the end-device as the node. The node is then divided into three types: mechanical-based (door-lock), electrical-based (mini DC fan, generic power switch), and sensor (temperature & humidity sensor). We used a 4-D research and development model to develop this trainer. However, this paper is limited to the “Define,” “Design,” and “Development” stages. All nodes are tested their performance, and according to the functional test, it can work properly as expected: the nodes can be controlled (OFF to ON, or vice versa) and monitored (temperature and humidity) by using a smartphone. This trainer kit can be taught for 6th grade of elementary school students (about 12 – 14 years old).
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R) waste activities in the school environment for elementary school students
Authors: Rudiyanto R , Kurniati E , Fitriani A D , Rengganis I , Mirawati M , Justicia R
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the implementation of reduce, reuse and recycle waste activities for elementary school students as one of the after school care programs. The problem that underlies this study is the lack of concern for the natural environment, especially in waste management in the school environment. The research used the action research method involving one teacher and 20 children aged 6-8 years who participated in the after school care program in elementary schools. Data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation, then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results of the study describe the implementation stages of the Reduce, Reuse and Secycle (3R) activities including the introduction of the program provided by the teacher through animated video media, discussion of the 3R program with children, direct practice of sorting and recycling waste in the school environment, and evaluation of the implementation of the 3R program. Other results also describe that children able to identify categories of organic, inorganic and hazardous waste, as well as the emergence of children’s caring attitudes towards waste management in the school environment.
Analysis of 2010-2019 Trends of environmental awareness publication using VOSviewer application
Authors: Jayadinata A K , Hakam K A , Munandar A , Subarjah H , Julia J , Supriyadi T
Published: August 2021

This study aims at identifying and analyzing research on environmental awareness that have been published in international journals in the period of 2010-2019 through bibliometric analysis. The publication trends mapping was conducted in four stages: (1) searching for articles in the Scopus database using the Publish or Perish application; (2) filtering articles to be analyzed, (3) completing article metadata using the EndNote application; (4) conducting bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer application. The results of the analysis found that (1) the yearly trends of publication on environmental awareness increased by the end of 2019; (2) the most cited articles on environmental awareness were in the business scope with 329 citations; (3) the journal with the most contributions is the Journal of Cleaner Production and the publisher with the most contributions was Elsevier Ltd; and (4) the most used keyword by authors in articles on environmental awareness was “environmental awareness”. This study concludes that the publication trends in environmental awareness is increasing, but the yearly citation pattern is still decreasing. Therefore, writing articles with the top citation on the theme of environmental awareness is a good opportunity for further research.