bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of tire‐derived pyrolytic carbon black and pyrolytic heavy oil on the curing and mechanical properties of styrene‐butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Paul Sangit , Rahaman Manjur , Ghosh Suman Kumar , Das Palash , Katheria Ankur , Ghosh Trisita , Das Narayan Chandra
Published: July 2023

To investigate the potential effect of the pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) and pyrolytic heavy oil (HO), we incorporated them into styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) as reinforcing filler and plasticizing agent, respectively. Since the industrial N330 CB's specific surface area and other specifications adhere to the CBp standard, it has been selected as a benchmark. To test HO's applicability, conventional (AO) was substituted with it. We experimented with the N330 and CBp in the 1/1 variant. We examined the impacts on the cure behavior, physical characteristics such as density and hardness, mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, dynamic mechanical performance, and thermal properties of the filled SBR composites. According to field emission (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs, the increased tensile and tear strength is due to N330 black's superior dispersion over CBp in the rubber matrix. Better dispersion in N330 type CB is also justified by lower tan δmax from the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) study. Utilizing HO changes the curing conditions since it comprises more sulfur, which accelerates the formation of sulfur–sulfur cross‐links. Increased tensile and tear strengths, as well as improved dispersion in the rubber matrix, have been seen with the combined use of N330 and CBp. Meanwhile, HO could function well in place of commercially available AOs.

Highlights

The impact of scrap tires on human health and the environment is explored.

Recovered carbon black (CB) from waste tire mixed with styrene‐butadiene rubber in various ratios.

Pyrolytic oil is also incorporated to check its reusability in tire formulation.

Similar cure characteristics and mechanical strength were found in the composites.

Replacement of the conventional CB is proposed with recovered black.
Research progress on the oxidation behavior mechanism and the design of antioxidant methods of artificial polymer acetabular cup
Authors: Wang Songquan , Lin Hao , Dong Yudie , Jia Jiaqi , Yu Lu , Li Dahan , Guo Yongbo
Published: July 2023

Ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was once the most widely used clinical hip prosthesis‐bearing component due to its exceptional mechanical qualities and biocompatibility. However, the poor wear resistance of UHMWPE limits its service life in vivo. Radiation cross‐linking is a common means to improve the wear resistance of UHMWPE, and highly cross‐linked polyethylene (HXLPE) acetabular cup is gradually becoming the first choice in clinical practice. The residual free radicals generated by the cross‐linking process can accelerate the oxidation process of the polymer acetabular cup, which is not conducive to the long‐term in vivo service process. Heat treatments such as annealing or melting and the addition of antioxidants are potential methods to improve the antioxidant performance of HXLPE in vivo. Research into the oxidation characteristics of polymer acetabular cup is crucial for enhancing their durability in vivo and ensuring their long‐term performance reliability. In this paper, the research progress focuses on the oxidation mechanism, the influencing factors of the oxidation process of polymer acetabular cups, and the methods to improve their oxidation resistance. It discusses the reliability of improving the service life of UHMWPE acetabular cup in vivo and other alternative methods.

Highlights

Characteristics of polymer acetabular cups were systematically introduced.

Mechanism of oxidative behavior of acetabular cup in vivo/in vitro was analyzed.

Influencing factors of acetabular cup oxidation behavior were summarized.

Methods for improving antioxidant properties of acetabular cups were summarized.

New method was proposed to improve the antioxidant properties of acetabular cup.
Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst diagnosed based on black pleural effusion
Authors: Katayama Isana , Komatsu Arisa , Watanabe Takayasu , Hayakawa Daisuke , Iwakami Naoko , Genda Takuya , Iwakami Shin‐ichiro , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: July 2023

Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocysts are rare complications of pancreatitis associated with alcohol consumption. Here, we report a case of mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst. A 61‐year‐old Japanese woman presented to our hospital with epigastric pain and dyspnea. A chest radiograph revealed right‐sided massive pleural effusion. Thoracentesis retrieved black pleural fluid with remarkably high fluid amylase levels were. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) after drainage revealed encapsulated fluid. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were performed because abdominal CT and ultrasonography did not reveal any pancreatic problems. MRCP showed cystic masses and pancreatic tail cysts extending to the stomach and lower oesophagus. ERCP confirmed leakage of contrast medium from the pancreatic tail into the retroperitoneum. We diagnosed the patient with a pancreatic pseudocyst extending to the mediastinum. A mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients with black pleural fluid with a high amylase level.
Digital Edible Literacies: Ephemeral and Highly Affective
Authors: Kucirkova Natalia
Published: July 2023

Digital edible literacies (DEL) are a new media phenomenon that has recently surfaced in social media but has not been examined in scholarly literature before. I exemplify the entanglements of food, media, and children's stories in three DEL exemplars shared on a private blog, Instagram, and connected Meta channels. Drawing on a genre analysis, I position DEL within affective theories and connect them to the concept of ephemeral and material affect. I argue that the ephemeral materiality of DEL expands children's literacies with new temporal relationships that exemplify the sensory dimensions of affect in literacy. This theoretical expansion is important to facilitate understandings of the complex affective qualities of new literacy ecologies.
Rapid Alkynylation of Ketones in Air: A Base Mediated, Metal Catalyst and Solvent‐Free Approach
Authors: Vashishtha Kirti , Kandula Aravind , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Alla Manjula
Published: July 2023

The straightforward grinding of terminal alkynes and ketones/isatin in the presence of base, without the use of any catalyst or a solvent, appears to be a viable method for producing tertiary propargylic alcohols. This energy and time‐efficient rapid reaction opens up a greener pathway for the synthesis of propargylic alcohols with moderate to good yields as compared to contemporary methodologies.
Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting of Superhydrophilic Photothermic Nanocapsule
Authors: Han Xuefeng , Zhong Lieshuang , Zhang Lei , Zhu Lingmei , Zhou Maolin , Wang Shaomin , Yu Dongdong , Chen Huan , Hou Yongping , Zheng Yongmei
Published: July 2023

Drought and water scarcity are two of the world's major problems. Solar‐powered sorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting technology is a promising solution in this category. The main challenge is to design materials with high water harvesting performance while achieving fast water vapor adsorption/desorption rates. Here, a superhydrophilic photothermic hollow nanocapsule (SPHN) is represented that achieves efficient atmospheric water harvesting in outdoor climates. In SPHN, the hollow mesoporous silica (HMS) is grafted with polypyrrole (PPy) and also loaded with lithium chloride (LiCl). The hollow structure is used to store water while preventing leakage. The hydrophilic spherical nanocapsule and the trapped water produce more free and weakly adsorbed water. Significantly lower the heat of desorption compared to pure LiCl solution. Such SPHN significantly improves the adsorption/desorption kinetics, e.g., absorbs 0.78–2.01 g of water per gram of SPHN at 25 °C, relative humidity (RH) 30−80% within 3 h. In particular, SPHN has excellent photothermal properties to achieve rapid water release under natural sunlight conditions, i.e., 80−90% of water is released in 1 h at 0.7–1.0 kW m−2 solar irradiation, and 50% of water is released even at solar irradiation as low as 0.4 kW m−2. The water collection capacity can reach 1.2 g g−1 per cycle by using the self‐made atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) device. This finding provides a way to design novel materials for efficient water harvesting tasks, e.g., water engineering, freshwater generator, etc.
Carboxyl‐Substituted Organic Molecule Assembled with MXene Nanosheets for Boosting Aqueous Na+ Storage
Authors: Zhao Yue , He Jing , Hu Lintong , Yang Jun , Yan Chao , Shi Minjie
Published: July 2023

Aqueous alkali‐ion batteries have enormous promise as a kind of safe, reliable, and sustainable energy technologies for power supplies. Although organic molecules with tunable and diverse configurations are potential electroactive materials, their inadequate redox activity and electron affinity hinder the practical application for aqueous alkali‐ion storage. Herein, a novel electron‐withdrawing carboxyl‐substituted dipyridophenazine (CDPPZ) organic molecule is designed and synthesized for aqueous Na+ storage. Significantly, the introduction of carboxyl functional groups not only serves as additional redox‐active sites for reversible Na+ coordination, but also causes the rearrangement of intramolecular electron cloud density to reduce the energy level, thereby ensuring the high redox activity and superior electron affinity of the CDPPZ molecule. For portable electronics, a self‐supporting, adhesive‐free, and flexible CDPPZ@MXene electrode is further constructed by incorporating highly redox‐active CDPPZ molecule with MXene nanosheets, which delivers a fast, stable, and unrivaled aqueous Na+ storage capability with a high reversible capacity of 172.6 mAh cm−3 and excellent redox stability over 4000 cycles. In situ dynamic analysis combined with theoretical calculations illustrates the Na+ storage mechanism and corresponding coordinated pathway. Finally, a high‐performance flexible aqueous Na‐ion battery is fabricated with exceptional energy/power density and remarkable cycling lifespan, further confirming its promising application prospect.
New insights into the sea spider fauna (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) of La Voulte‐sur‐Rhône, France (Jurassic, Callovian)
Authors: Sabroux Romain , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Pisani Davide , Garwood Russell J.
Published: July 2023

Three species of sea spider (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) have been described from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Konservat‐Lagerstätte of La Voulte‐sur‐Rhône: Palaeopycnogonides gracilis, Colossopantopodus boissinensis and Palaeoendeis elmii. These fossils were initially attributed to three extant families or superfamilies, justifying their use as calibration points in a recent tree‐dating analysis. However, their taxonomic affinities are still debated. Our knowledge of the morphology of these Jurassic sea spiders is limited by prior investigation with only light microscopy and radiographs, such that further morphological details such as cephalic appendages (chelifores, palps, ovigers) remain poorly documented. Here, we reinvestigate the La Voulte‐sur‐Rhône fossils using x‐ray microtomography and reflectance transformation imaging. A new specimen, tentatively attributed to P. gracilis, was found using x‐ray microtomography, while another fossil initially interpreted as Palaeoendeis elmii may also be related to this species. We attribute all fossils to Pantopoda, crown‐group Pycnogonida. Palaeopycnogonides gracilis had ovigers in at least one sex and had chelifores and palps that were either reduced or absent. Together, the cephalic appendage set and the structure of the ovigers are unique among Pantopoda, and this species is reassigned to the new family Palaeopycnogonididae. Colossopantopodus boissinensis lacked chelifores but had palps and ovigers, the latter with the typical structure shown by extant Colossendeinae, to which we attribute the fossil. The absence of chelifores and palps in Palaeoendeis elmii and the structure of its ovigers indicate affinities with Endeidae. The impact of these new taxonomic assignments on the way Jurassic sea spiders can be used as fossil calibrations is discussed.
Secondary right atrial thrombosis in three dogs: Antithrombotics therapy and echocardiographic follow‐up
Authors: Yoshida Tomohiko , Uemura Akiko , Tanaka Ryou , Farag Ahmed , Mandour Ahmed S. , Hamabe Lina , Matsumoto Kotaro
Published: July 2023

Three dogs were diagnosed with right atrial thrombosis, thought to be secondary to systemic diseases. Specifically, two cases had hyperadrenocorticism and one case was diagnosed with pancreatitis with acute renal injury. In all cases, the thrombi were found within the right atrium, necessitating a differentiation from cardiac neoplasia. In all three cases, the structures assumed to be thrombi had irregular margins with interspersed hypoechoic regions, which were later confirmed as thrombi based on the responsiveness to therapy. All three cases were prescribed with the combination of clopidogrel and rivaroxaban.The thrombi gradually disappeared after initiation of the combination therapy. Complete resolution of right atrial thrombosis was noted in each dog treated with clopidogrel and rivaroxaban. This combination therapy appears to be safe and well tolerated. Diligent observation of the echocardiographic findings and clinical course allows the diagnosis of thrombosis.
Construction and Evaluation of a Laboratory Stand for Testing MV Switchgears Using VR Technology in the Power Industry
Authors: Daszczyński Tadeusz , Berdek Kacper , Naruszewicz Dariusz
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to build and evaluate a laboratory stand for testing MV switchgears using VR technology in the power industry. In the course of work, an exemplary program of operation of the application created by PRADMA was developed. The developed program was designed to effectively introduce the application user to the basic information about moving the virtual avatar, interacting with the prepared elements, and to provide information on the construction of the MV switchgear and its components. In order to confirm the advantages of VR technology and the quality of the developed VR application program, tests of the VR application were carried out with the help of students of the Warsaw University of Technology. The results of the evaluation questionnaire created for the purposes of the tests were used to develop conclusions regarding the use of VR in the power industry. The evaluation questionnaire questions related to key issues such as the quality of the mapped virtual elements, the level of realism preserved in the virtual environment, the effectiveness of the developed program or the substantive values of the entire exercise. The summary contains the answer to the theses put forward in the paper regarding the profitability and usefulness of using VR applications in the power industry.
A Novel Process of Shoe Pairing Using Computer Vision and Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Kozłowski Marek , Buczkowski Przemyslaw , Brzezinski Piotr
Published: July 2023

The industrialisation of the footwear recycling processes is a major issue in the European Union—particularly in view of the fact that at least 90% of shoes consumed in western economies are ultimately sent to landfill. This requires new AI-empowered technologies that enable detection, classification, pairing, and quality assessment in a viable automatic process. This article discusses automatic shoe pairing, which comprises two sequential stages: a) deep multiview shoe embedding (compact representation of multiview data); and b) clustering of shoes’ embeddings with a fixed similarity threshold to return sets of possible pairs. Each shoe in our pipeline is represented by multiple images that are collected in industrial darkrooms. We present various approaches to shoe pairing—from fully unsupervised ones based on image descriptors to supervised ones that rely on deep neural networks—to identify the most effective one for this highly specific industrial task. The article also explains how the selected method can be improved by hyperparameter tuning, massive increases in training data, and data augmentation.
Jenseits der Persuasion. Alternativen zum klassischen Modell
Authors: Till Dietmar
Published: July 2023

Dieser Artikel setzt mit der klassischen Definition von Rhetorik als Kunst der Überzeugung ein und identifiziert in einem kurzen historischen Durchgang durch die Geschichte der Rhetorik alternative Modelle einer Rhetorik jenseits der Persuasion. Solche Konzeptionen sind schon in der klassischen Rhetorik zu finden, nämlich in der Theorie der epideiktischen Rede, in der frühneuzeitlichen Rhetorik und in ihrer Nachfolgedisziplin, der Ästhetik des 18. Jahrhunderts. Die Renaissance der Rhetorik im 20. Jahrhundert bezieht sich zunächst auf das klassische neoaristotelische Paradigma der Rhetorik als Überzeugung. In Richards und Burkes New Rhetoric wird dieses Modell kritisiert und überwunden. Amerikanische Forschung zur Rhetorik seit den 1960er-Jahren formuliert eine Vielfalt von Konzepten einer Rhetorik jenseits der Persuasion in Gegenüberstellung zur klassischen Rhetorik.
Rhetorik als Argumentationstheorie der römischen Juristen. Die antike Rhetorik im Spiegel der juristischen Romanistik
Authors: Babusiaux Ulrike
Published: July 2023

Die antike Rhetorik hat in der Forschung zum römischen Recht lange ein Schattendasein geführt: Da sich die Rechtswissenschaft von der Rhetorik, die als Redekunst missverstanden wurde, unterscheiden wollte, wurden auch die historisch engen Verbindungen beider Fächer in Frage gestellt. Vor allem dank der grundlegenden Arbeiten von Dieter Nörr (1931–2017) hat sich nunmehr die Erkenntnis durchgesetzt, dass die Lehren der antiken Rhetorik notwendige Voraussetzung sind, um die in den Digesten Justinians gesammelten Exzerpte aus den römischen Rechtsschriften in ihrer Eigenschaft als,Rechtsliteratur‘ zutreffend würdigen zu können. Neben einzelnen Werkanalysen, welche die rhetorische Prägung der römischen Juristen untersuchen, ist in diesem Zusammenhang vor allem das 2018 erschienene Werk Dario Mantovanis Les juristes écrivains zu nennen, das erstmalig die Rechtsproduktion durch Rechtsliteratur, die „littérarisation du droit“, genauer analysiert. Die rhetorischen Lehren sind dabei nicht nur in der Darstellung und Anordnung des Rechtsstoffes, sondern vor allem als Grundlage jeder (juristischen) Argumentationstheorie zu berücksichtigen.
Warum wir die Kināya brauchen. Rhetorik jenseits von Eurozentrismus
Authors: Bauer Thomas
Published: July 2023

Bei dem Versuch, zu einer konsistenteren Theorie der Tropen zu gelangen, sieht man sich u. a. mit den folgenden beiden Schwierigkeiten konfrontiert: (1) Lässt sich die Metapher durchgängig als vergleichsbasiert analysieren (und wenn nicht, wie dann?), (2) Wie lässt sich die eher „unordentliche“ Metonymie klarer strukturieren? Die Standardtheorie der arabischen Rhetorik kann hier vielfach Hilfe schaffen. Insbesondere die Stilform der Kināya, die nicht-eigentliche, aber gleichzeitig nicht-übertragene Ausdrücke bezeichnet, erweist sich als schier unentbehrliches Analysewerkzeug.
A Probability Inequality with Application to Lattice Theory
Authors: Kun Tian
Published: July 2023

Here we mainly provide a probability inequality about GGH public-key encryption scheme. Given a constant $$\sigma $$
σ
, we first choose a lattice vector $$v\in \mathbb {Z}^n$$

v
∈

Z

n

, and a small error vector e is generated satisfying $$|e|\leqslant \sigma $$

|
e
|
⩽
σ

. The ciphertext result c could be computed by the function $$f_{B,\sigma }(v,e)=Bv+e$$

f

B
,
σ

(
v
,
e
)

=
B
v
+
e

with a public basis B. To extract the message v, the function $$f^{-1}_{B,\sigma }(c)=B^{-1}[c]_R$$

f

B
,
σ

-
1

(
c
)

=

B

-
1

[
c
]

R

will be used based on the private basis R. In this work we produce a bound for the error probability of $$v\ne B^{-1}[c]_R$$

v
≠

B

-
1

[
c
]

R

. We also illustrate the way choosing $$\sigma $$
σ
such that the error probability is arbitrarily small.
On the LWE Cryptosystem with More General Disturbance
Authors: Zhiyong Zheng , Kun Tian
Published: July 2023

The main purpose of this chapter is to give an extension on learning with errors problem (LWE)-based cryptosystem about the probability of decryption error with more general disturbance. In the first section, we introduce the LWE cryptosystem with its application and some previous research results. Then we give a more precise estimation probability of decryption error based on independent identical Gaussian disturbances and any general independent identical disturbances. This upper bound probability could be closed to 0 if we choose applicable parameters. It means that the probability of decryption error for the cryptosystem could be sufficiently small. So we verify our core result that the LWE-based cryptosystem could have high security.
Erratum to: CP violation in a model with Higgs triplets
Authors: Chen Ting-Kuo , Chiang Cheng-Wei , Yagyu Kei
Published: July 2023

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2023)069
Systematische Zufriedenheitserhebung nach der Geburt
Authors: Aeberli Regula , Grylka-Baeschlin Susanne
Published: July 2023

Die Hebammen der Gebärabteilung am Universitätsspital Zürich bieten seit 2018 allen Wöchnerinnen ein telefonisches Nachgespräch an. Die Möglichkeit, rund 6 Wochen postpartum mit der Hebamme, die bei der Geburt anwesend war, ein Gespräch zu führen, wurde systematisch eingeführt. Die Gespräche werden basierend auf einem literaturgestützt entwickelten Leitfaden geführt und beinhalten Fragen zur Geburt und die Möglichkeit, Rückmeldungen zur erlebten Betreuung zu geben. Sie unterstützen die Verarbeitung der Geburt und dienen der Qualitätssicherung. Die hebammenwissenschaftliche Evaluation der Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaft zeigte die Zufriedenheit der Frauen mit dem Angebot und die Wichtigkeit der Rückmeldungen zu den Geburtserlebnissen der Frauen für die betreuenden Hebammen. Die Gespräche runden die Betreuung in idealer Weise ab und haben sich trotz anfänglicher Herausforderungen mit der Implementierung etabliert.
Yielding and post-yielding behavior of FDM parts under compression stress at different strain rates
Authors: Scipioni Silvia Ilaria , Lambiase Francesco
Published: July 2023

The present study investigates the compression behavior of components made by material extrusion, also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused deposition modeling (FDM). An experimental plan was conducted by adopting a high-density fulfillment and varying the material flow. Additional tests were performed by thermomechanical compaction to produce full-density samples. Compression tests were performed at various strain rates ranging between 5 × 10−4 and 5 × 10−1 s−1. Yielding and post-yielding behaviors were analyzed. Morphological analysis was carried out to determine the mesostructural features (interlayer neck and void sizes) and how they behave during the compression test. The results indicated that the principal dimension of the voids ranged between 65 mm and 170 mm depending on the adopted value of the extrusion multiplier. On the other hand, thermomechanical compaction enabled the restriction of the voids of printed samples to 10 mm. The cross-sectioning of samples at different strains indicated the formation of shear banding strain localization. In addition, printed samples behaved like porous media during the compression tests and showed different characteristic regions with different void dimensions. The samples printed at the higher material extrusion showed similar behavior to compacted samples. Post-yielding analysis indicated that strain softening observed on compacted samples was more severe as compared to that observed on printed samples. This behavior is dramatically reduced by decreasing the extrusion multiplier.
A Factor Matching of Optimal Tail Between Poisson Processes
Authors: Timár Ádám
Published: July 2023

Consider two independent Poisson point processes of unit intensity in the Euclidean space of dimension d at least 3. We construct a perfect matching between the two point sets that is a factor (i.e., a measurable function of the point configurations that commutes with translations), and with the property that the distance between two matched configuration points has a tail distribution that decays as fast as possible in magnitude, namely, as $$b\exp (-cr^d)$$

b
exp
(
-
c

r
d

)

with suitable constants $$b,c>0$$

b
,
c
>
0

. This settles the most difficult version of such matching problems: bicolored (versus unicolored) and deterministic (versus randomized). Our proof relies on two earlier results: an allocation (“land-division”) rule of similar tail for a Poisson point process by Markó and the author, and a recent breakthrough result of Bowen, Kun and Sabok that enables one to obtain perfect matchings from fractional perfect matchings under suitable conditions.
PFAS-Belastungen im Einzugsgebiet der oberen Donau
Authors: Liu Meiqi , Saracevic Ernis , Kittlaus Steffen , Oudega Thomas , Obeid Ali , Nagy-Kovács Zsuzsanna , László Balázs , Krlovic Nikola , Saracevic Zdravka , Lindner Gerhard , Rab Gerhard , Derx Julia , Zoboli Ottavia , Zessner Matthias
Published: July 2023

Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über Konzentrationen von PFAS in unterschiedlichen (Umwelt‑)Medien im oberen Donaueinzugsgebiet zu erhalten und daraus erste semiquantitative Schlüsse auf potenziell relevante Herkunftsbereiche zu ziehen. Im Zuge des EU-Projekts PROMISCES wurden 32 PFAS-Einzelsubstanzen in unterschiedlichen Donauzubringern, Donau, Donauuferfiltrat, Kläranlagenzu- und -abläufen, Deponiesickerwasser und durch solches beeinflusstes Grundwasser, Oberflächenabfluss und atmosphärischer Deposition analysiert. Darüber hinaus wurden PFAS-Daten aus anderen Projekten und Monitoringprogrammen genutzt. Ergebnisse weisen zum einen auf die geringe Wirksamkeit von Barrieren wie Kläranlagen und Uferfiltration gegen eine PFAS-Belastung von Wasserressourcen hin. So konnte dort für eine Reihe von Einzelparametern kein relevanter Rückhalt festgestellt werden. In Hinblick auf die Herkunftsbereiche von PFAS weisen die Ergebnisse auf eine relevante Bedeutung der Emissionen aus dem Bereich des Chemieparks Gendorf an der Alz für die Belastung der Donau mit Carbonsäuren, aber vor allem mit ADONA hin. Darüber hinaus können Siedlungsbereiche als relevante Herkunftsbereiche angesehen werden. Kläranlagenabläufe spielen eine Rolle, können die Gewässerbelastungen alleine aber nicht erklären. Andere (diffuse) Einträge dürften zudem eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Hohe Konzentrationen von PFAS in Sickerwässern von Altlasten aus Hausmülldeponien weisen auf eine potenzielle Relevanz zumindest auf der Ebene regionaler Einzugsgebietsebene hin. Ähnliches gilt für erhöhte Grundwasserkonzentrationen aufgrund anderer regionaler Hotspot-Belastungen, wie sie auch von Brielmann et al. (2023, in diesem Heft) diskutiert werden. In weiterer Folge sollen im Rahmen des PROMISCES-Projekts die hier dargestellten Ergebnisse für eine Emissionsmodellierung von PFAS im Donaueinzugsgebiet bis Budapest genutzt werden, um verstärkt quantitative Aussagen über die Rolle unterschiedlicher Eintragspfade auf die Belastung der Fließgewässer im Donaueinzugsgebiet oberhalb von Budapest machen zu können.
Work in progress: power in transformation to postcapitalist work relations in community–supported agriculture
Authors: Raj Guilherme , Feola Giuseppe , Runhaar Hens
Published: July 2023

Community-supported agriculture (CSA) initiatives are spaces where diverse work relations are performed. From a postcapitalist perspective, these initiatives attempt to create alternative-capitalist and non-capitalist work relations next to capitalist ones. While analyses of work relations in CSA abound, it remains uncertain how such diversification is made possible and how it is shaped by the micro-politics of and power relations in these initiatives. This paper addresses this gap by analysing how power shapes transformations to postcapitalist work relations in CSA. It provides substantial empirical evidence of multiple manifestations of power enabling or constraining postcapitalist work relations through a comparative case study of three CSA initiatives in Portugal. Results show that while CSA creates postcapitalist work relations that are non-alienated, non-monetised and full of care, they insufficiently unmake unbalanced power relations established in capitalist work relations. This paper argues that, when establishing postcapitalist work relations, the selected CSA initiatives could benefit from actively deconstructing internal hierarchies, de-centralising decision-making power from farm owners and addressing oppressive power relations that are ossified in their local and cultural context.
Effects of letrozole on serum estradiol and estrone in postmenopausal breast cancer patients and tolerability of treatment: a prospective trial using a highly sensitive LC–MS/MS (liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry) method for estrogen measurement
Authors: Faltinová Mária , Vehmanen Leena , Lyytinen Heli , Haanpää Mikko , Hämäläinen Esa , Tiitinen Aila , Blomqvist Carl , Mattson Johanna
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To analyze serum estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) during letrozole treatment and their association to Quality of Life (QoL) and side-effects.

Methods

Postmenopausal breast cancer patients starting adjuvant letrozole were eligible. Serum samples were taken at baseline, three, and 12 months. E2 and FSH were measured with routine chemiluminescent immunoassays. E2 and E1 were analyzed after trial completion with a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC–MS/MS) with lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of 5 pmol/L. QoL was measured at baseline and at 12 months with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 and the Women’s Health questionnaires, and menopause-related symptoms with the modified Kupperman Index.

Results

Of 100 screened patients 90 completed the trial. Baseline mean LC–MS/MS E2 and E1 were 12 pmol/L (range < 5–57) and 66 pmol/L (< 5–226), respectively. E2 levels measured by immunoassay and LC–MS/MS showed no correlation. E2 and E1 were completely suppressed by letrozole except for one occasion (E1 11 pmol/L at 3 months). Pain, side effects of systemic therapy, vasomotor symptoms, joint and muscle aches, and vaginal dryness increased during letrozole treatment. A high baseline E2 was significantly associated with increased aching joints and muscles, but not with the other side effects.

Conclusions

Letrozole supresses E2 and E1 completely below the LLOQ of the LC–MS/MS in postmenopausal women. High pre-treatment E2 levels were associated with more joint and muscle pain during letrozole. Automated immunoassays are unsuitable for E2 monitoring during letrozole therapy due to poor sensitivity.
Travelling under pressure - hypoxia and shear stress in the metastatic journey
Authors: Ildiz Ece Su , Gvozdenovic Ana , Kovacs Werner J , Aceto Nicola
Published: July 2023

Cancer cell invasion, intravasation and survival in the bloodstream are early steps of the metastatic process, pivotal to enabling the spread of cancer to distant tissues. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a highly selected subpopulation of cancer cells that tamed these critical steps, and a better understanding of their biology and driving molecular principles may facilitate the development of novel tools to prevent metastasis. Here, we describe key research advances in this field, aiming at describing early metastasis-related processes such as collective invasion, shedding, and survival of CTCs in the bloodstream, paying particular attention to microenvironmental factors like hypoxia and mechanical stress, considered as important influencers of the metastatic journey.

Graphical abstract
XFVM modelling of fracture aperture induced by shear and tensile opening
Authors: Conti Giulia , Matthäi Stephan , Jenny Patrick
Published: July 2023

In reservoir simulation, it is important to understand the mechanical behaviour of fractured rocks and the effect of shear and tensile displacements of fractures on their aperture. Tensile opening directly enhances the fracture aperture, whereas shear of a preexisting rough-walled fracture creates aperture changes dependent on the local stress state. Since fracture dilatation increases reservoir permeability, both processes must be included in a realistic and consistent manner into the mechanical reservoir simulation model. Here, we use the extended finite volume method (XFVM) to conduct flow and geomechanics simulations. In XFVM, fractures are embedded in a poroelastic matrix and are modelled with discontinuous basis functions. On each fracture segment the tractions and compressive forces are calculated, and one extra degree of freedom is added for both the shear and tensile displacement. In this particular XFVM implementation we assume that linear elasticity and steady state fluid pressure adequately constrain the effective stress. In this paper, shear dilation is not calculated a posteriori, but it enters the equations such that aperture changes directly affect the stress state. This is accomplished by adding shear dilation to the displacement gradients and therefore ascertains a consistent representation in the stress-strain relations and force balances. We illustrate and discuss the influence of this extra term in two simple test cases and in a realistic layer-restricted two-dimensional fracture network subjected to plausible in situ stress and pore pressure conditions.
Mercury accumulation and biomarkers of exposure in two popular recreational fishes in Hawaiian waters
Authors: Holbert Stephanie Shaw , Bryan Colleen E. , Korsmeyer Keith E. , Jensen Brenda A.
Published: July 2023

Mercury (Hg) exposure has not been examined in many recreational nearshore fish species that are commonly consumed around the Hawaiian Islands. Specific gene transcripts, such as metallothionein (MET) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), can be used to examine Hg exposure responses in aquatic organisms. This study measured total mercury (THg) in four species from two groups of Hawaiian nearshore fishes: giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis, n = 13), bluefin trevally (C. melampygus, n = 4), sharp jaw bonefish (Albula virgata, n = 2), and round jaw bonefish (A. glossodonta, n = 19). Total Hg accumulation and abundance profiles of MET and TrxR were evaluated for muscle, liver, and kidney tissues. Total Hg in round jaw bonefish and giant trevally tissues accumulated with length and calculated age. In round jaw bonefish tissues, mean THg was greater in kidney (1156 ng/g wet mass (wm)) than liver (339 ng/g wm) and muscle (330 ng/g wm). Giant trevally muscle (187 ng/g wm) and liver (277 ng/g wm) mean THg did not differ significantly. Fish species in this study were compared to commercial and local fish species with state and federal muscle tissue consumption advisories based on THg benchmarks developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Both bonefishes had mean muscle THg that exceeded benchmarks suggesting consumption advisories should be considered. MET transcript in round jaw bonefish kidney tissue and kidney THg exhibited a marginally significant positive correlation, while TrxR transcript in liver tissue negatively correlated with increasing liver THg. These results contribute to our understanding of Hg exposure associated health effects in fish.
Characterization of patterns and variability in the dynamics of outdoor aquatic mesocosms: exploring the capabilities and challenges in data supporting aquatic system models
Authors: Loerracher Ann-Kathrin , Schmidt Jürgen , Ebke Peter , Schmolke Amelie , Abi-Akar Farah , Galic Nika , Ashauer Roman
Published: July 2023

Aquatic mesocosms are complex test systems used within regulatory risk assessment of plant protection products. These model ecosystems allow researchers to capture interactions of multiple species under realistic environmental conditions. They enable assessment of direct and indirect effects of stressors at all trophic levels (i.e., from primary producers to secondary consumers) and impacts on ecosystem functions. Due to the limited ability to test the multitude of potential exposure scenarios, cross-linking aquatic mesocosm studies with virtual mesocosms, i.e., aquatic system models (ASMs), can serve to meet the demand for more environmental realism and ecological relevance in risk assessment. In this study, full control data sets from seven aquatic mesocosm studies conducted at a single test facility under GLP were analysed graphically and using descriptive statistics. Thereby, not only a comprehensive data base but also an insight into the species present, their dynamics over time, and variability in unchallenged mesocosms was observed. While consistency in dynamics could be discerned for physical and chemical parameters, variability was evident for several biological endpoints. This variability points to amplification of small differences over time as well as to stochastic processes. The outline of existing gaps and uncertainties in data leads to the estimation of what can be expected to be captured and predicted by ASMs.
Modelling the Influence of Erosive Fluidization on the Morphology of Fluid Flow and Escape Structures
Authors: Gupta Shubhangi , Micallef Aaron
Published: July 2023

Focused fluid flow through sub-seafloor pipes and chimneys, and their seafloor manifestations as pockmarks, are ubiquitous. However, the dynamics of flow localization and evolution of fluid escape structures remain poorly understood. Models based on geomechanical mechanisms like hydro-fracturing and porosity wave propagation offer some useful insights into fluid flow and escape dynamics, but face limitations in capturing features like mobilized granular matter, especially in the upper sediment layers where the link between fracture and pockmark is not always clear. Here, we propose a mathematical model based on the multiphase theory of porous media, where changes in subsurface and seafloor morphology are resolved through seepage-induced erosion, fluidization, transport, and re-deposition of granular material. Through simulation of an idealized scenario of gas escape from overpressured shallow gas reservoir, we demonstrate that our model can capture flow localization and formation of pipes, chimneys, and pockmarks. Our simulations show (1) formation of conical focused-flow conduits with a brecciated core and annular gas channels; (2) pockmarks of W and ring shapes; and (3) pulsed release of gas. Sediment erodibility and flow anisotropy control the morphology of focused fluid flow and escape structures, while permeability shows negligible impact. While the geological setting for this study is theoretical, we show that our results have real-world analogs.
Monitoring leaf nitrogen content in rice based on information fusion of multi-sensor imagery from UAV
Authors: Xu Sizhe , Xu Xingang , Zhu Qingzhen , Meng Yang , Yang Guijun , Feng Haikuan , Yang Min , Zhu Qilei , Xue Hanyu , Wang Binbin
Published: July 2023

Timely and accurately monitoring leaf nitrogen content (LNC) is essential for evaluating crop nutrition status. Currently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) imagery is becoming a potentially powerful tool of assessing crop nitrogen status in fields, but most of crop nitrogen estimates based on UAV remote sensing usually use single type imagery, the fusion information from different types of imagery has rarely been considered. In this study, the fusion images were firstly made from the simultaneously acquired digital RGB and multi-spectral images from UAV at three growth stages of rice, and then couple the selecting methods of optimal features with machine learning algorithms for the fusion images to estimate LNC in rice. Results showed that the combination with different types of features could improve the models’ accuracy effectively, the combined inputs with bands, vegetation indices (VIs) and Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCMs) have the better performance. The LNC estimation of using fusion images was improved more obviously than multispectral those, and there was the best estimation at jointing stage based on Lasso Regression (LR), with R2 of 0.66 and RMSE of 11.96%. Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) algorithm used in combination with one feature-screening method of Minimum Redundancy Maximum Correlation (mRMR) for the fusion images, showed the better improvement to LNC estimation, with R2 of 0.68 and RMSE of 11.45%. It indicates that the information fusion from UAV multi-sensor imagery can significantly improve crop LNC estimates and the combination with multiple types of features also has a great potential for evaluating LNC in crops.
Supply Constraints and Search Equilibrium in Office Markets
Authors: Marcato Gianluca , Tong Lok Man Michelle
Published: July 2023

We present a new conceptual framework to estimate office supply elasticity, where net business survival, physical and economic mismatch are used to identify frictional and structural vacancy. Alongside regulatory and geographical constraints, we also find an unobserved feature of supply elasticity linked to natural vacancy. Our results confirm that US Metropolitan Statistical Areas are generally supply inelastic and the search and matching process plays a key role in supply dynamics. In the least inelastic markets, investors tend to be more flexible to respond to negative demand shocks. As a result, we observe a reduction in structural vacancy and a subsequent increase in cyclical vacancy given the slow short-term movement in absorption. These findings also shed light upon office market dynamics during the COVID-19 period.
Should Traditional Representative Institutions be Abolished? A Critical Comment on Hélène Landemore’s Open Democracy
Authors: Wolkenstein Fabio
Published: July 2023

This short piece discusses Hélène Landemore’s proposal of an ‘open democracy’, as outlined in her recent book Open Democracy: Reinventing Popular Rule for the Twenty-First Century. Acknowledging the value of Landemore’s radical and ambitious proposals, I draw attention to a number of shortcomings and blind spots that have to do with how the case for an ‘open democracy’ is made: through an unduly brief and dismissive treatment of political parties; a methodological insensitivity to empirical variations of democratic performance and citizens’ evaluations of the latter; a failure to distinguish between higher and ordinary law-making in the discussion of the central Icelandic case; and, finally, a surprising concession that realising an open democracy is all but infeasible in established constitutional democracies. If open democracy is to be an attractive ideal, these issues must arguably be addressed.
False discovery rate envelopes
Authors: Mrkvička Tomáš , Myllymäki Mari
Published: July 2023

False discovery rate (FDR) is a common way to control the number of false discoveries in multiple testing. There are a number of approaches available for controlling FDR. However, for functional test statistics, which are discretized intomhighly correlated hypotheses, the methods must account for changes in distribution across the functional domain and correlation structure. Further, it is of great practical importance to visualize the test statistic together with its rejection or acceptance region. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to find, based on resampling principles, a graphical envelope that controls FDR and detects the outcomes of all individual hypotheses by a simple rule: the hypothesis is rejected if and only if the empirical test statistic is outside of the envelope. Such an envelope offers a straightforward interpretation of the test results, similarly as the recently developed global envelope testing which controls the family-wise error rate. Two different adaptive single threshold procedures are developed to fulfill this aim. Their performance is studied in an extensive simulation study. The new methods are illustrated by three real data examples.
Diffusion-Driven Frictional Aging in Silicon Carbide
Authors: Nordhagen Even Marius , Sveinsson Henrik Andersen , Malthe-Sørenssen Anders
Published: July 2023

Friction is the force resisting relative motion of objects. The force depends on material properties, loading conditions and external factors such as temperature and humidity, but also contact aging has been identified as a primary factor. Several aging mechanisms have been proposed, including increased “contact quantity” due to plastic or elastic creep and enhanced “contact quality” due to formation of strong interfacial bonds. However, comparatively less attention has been given to other mechanisms that enhance the “contact quantity”. In this study, we explore the influence of crystal faceting on the augmentation of “contact quantity” in cubic silicon carbide, driven by the minimization of surface free energy. Our observations reveal that the temporal evolution of the frictional aging effect follows a logarithmic pattern, akin to several other aging mechanisms. However, this particular mechanism is driven by internal capillary forces instead of the normal force typically associated with friction. Due to this fundamental distinction, existing frictional aging models fail to comprehensively explain the observed behavior. In light of these findings, we derive a model for the evolution of contact area caused by diffusion-driven frictional aging, drawing upon principles from statistical mechanics. Upon application of a normal force, the friction force is increased due to plastic creep. This investigation presents an alternative explanation for the logarithmic aging behavior observed and offers the potential to contribute to the development of more accurate friction models.

Graphical Abstract
Chemical Composition of Wet Atmospheric Deposition in a Natural Urban Reserve, Conservation of Green Urban Areas: a Mexico City Case Study
Authors: Fonseca-Salazar Ma. Alejandra , Sosa-Echeverría Rodolfo , Alarcón-Jiménez Ana Luisa , Sánchez-Álvarez Pablo
Published: July 2023

Green areas are essential for life in cities and for the conservation of ecosystem services in the case of megacities such as Mexico City. Green areas mitigate air pollution, reduce the temperature, and promote infiltration to feed the aquifers that, in the case of Mexico City, supply 68% of the water. Additionally, food production and recreational usage are important for the population. In the years 2017 and 2018, the chemical composition of wet deposition in the southern part of Mexico City was analyzed, daily and weekly. The study area is located in the greenest part of Mexico City, an important site for water recharge and carbon sequestration. Mexico City, like other megacities of high- and low-income countries, faces serious problems of air pollution. The purpose of this study was to measure the amount of total nitrogen and sulfur that is available in a natural reserve located inside the National Autonomous University of Mexico, and conductivity, pH, rain volume, and anions and cations were analyzed as well. Eighteen months of data were analyzed in order to understand the atmospheric deposition in and anthropogenic influence on an urban green natural area from the southern part of the city. Although both stations are less than 2 km apart, there are significant differences in their chemical composition; however, no differences were found for precipitation and pH, indicating that each station provides a local contribution, depending on local events and sources. Samples included rain events match for both sampling sites, with 67% of the samples in the same rain event match. Nonetheless, when only volume is compared for each year, both tests showed no significant difference (pv = 0.520). Throughout the year, various rainfall rates occur at the CU-CCA and REPSA stations, and the rainy season presents during the May–October period; the median value registered for both monitoring stations was 780 mL, and maximal rainfall was 4780 mL presenting at the CU-CCA station.