bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Investigation and the Study of the Effect of Mn(II) Complex of Catechol and 2‐Aminopyridine on Seed Germination
Authors: El-Moshaty F. I. , El-Zweay R. S. , El-Ajaily M. M. , Jerboa A. M.
Published: April 2012

The formation of mixed ligand complex of Mn(II) with catechol (L1) and 2‐aminopyridine (L2) was determined by elemental analyses (C, H and N), molar conductance measurement, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared, electronic and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. The elemental analysis data show the formation of 1:1:1 [M: L1: L2] complex. The molar conductance measurement shows a non‐electrolyte nature. The thermogravimetric analysis data of the complex display the existence of hydrated and coordinated water molecules. The infrared spectral data exhibit the coordination sites that are through ‐OH,‐C=N and –NH2 groups. The electronic spectral data display the electronic transitions of the ligands and suggest an octahedral structure for the complex. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the complex reveals the existence of paramagnetic phenomena and supports its geometrical structure. Seed germination and root length of grass were also assayed under the effect of MnCl2.4H2O, catechol, 2‐aminopyridine and its complex. Mn(II) salt was the most effective on germination than its complex which possess the high test effect on root length, while the ligands are the least active of all.
Nematicidal Constituents from the Essential Oil of Chenopodium Ambrosioides Aerial Parts
Authors: Bai Chuan Qi , Liu Zhi Long , Liu Qi Zhi
Published: April 2012

Essential oil of Chinese medicinal herb, Chenopodium ambrosioides aerial parts was found to possess nematicidal activity against the root‐knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita. The essential oil of C. ambrosioides was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). A total of 27 components of the essential oil were identified. The principal compounds in C. ambrosioides essential oil were (Z)‐ascaridole (27.27%), ρ‐cymene (19.05%), isoascaridole (14.75%), α‐pinene (6.33%) and α‐terpinene (5.12%). Bioactivity‐guided chromatographic separation of the essential oil on repeated silica gel columns led to isolate three volatile components ((Z)‐ascaridole, ρ‐cymene and isoascaridole) from the essential oil. The essential oil and (Z)‐ascaridole exhibited strong nematicidal activity against M. incognita with LC50 values of 49.55 μg/mL and 32.79 μg/mL, respectively. ρ‐Cymene and isoascaridole also possessed nematicidal activity against M. incognita with LC50 values of 435.89 μg/mL and 1323.51 μg/mL, respectively but weaker than the crude essential oil.
Comparative Study of Microwave Induced and Conventional Synthesis of Acetylated Sugar Isothiocyanates and Related Thiocarbamides
Authors: V. Yadgire Atul , V. Korpe Gajanan , P. Deshmukh Shirish
Published: April 2012

The synthesis of several acetylated sugar isothiocyanates have been carried out under microwave irradiation in excellent yields of products by using related bromides and lead thiocyanate in sodium dried xylene. Several acetylated sugar thiocarbamides have been synthesized by the interaction of respective acetylated sugar isothiocyanates with appropriate aryl amines under microwave irradiation.
A Brief Training Module Improves Recognition of Echocardiographic Wall-Motion Abnormalities by Emergency Medicine Physicians
Authors: Kerwin Chris , Tommaso Laura , Kulstad Erik
Published: April 2012

Objective. Wall-motion abnormality on echocardiogram is more sensitive in detecting cardiac ischemia than the electrocardiogram, but the use of bedside echocardiography by emergency physicians (EPs) for this purpose does not appear to be widespread, apparently due to limited data on proficiency of EPs for this task. We sought to determine the effect of a brief training module on the ability of EPs to recognize wall motion abnormalities on echocardiograms.Methods. We developed a brief training and testing module and presented it to EPs. After baseline testing of 15 echocardiograms, we presented the 30-minute training module, and administered a new test of 15 different echocardiograms. Physicians were asked to interpret the wall motion as normal or abnormal.Results. 35 EPs over two separate sessions showed significant improvement recognition of wall-motion abnormalities after the brief training module. Median score on the baseline test was 67%, interquartile range (IQR) 53% to 80%, while the median score on the posttraining test was 87%, IQR 80% to 87%, , independent of time in practice or prior training.Conclusion. With only brief training on how to recognize wall motion abnormalities on echocardiograms, EPs showed significant improvement in ability to identify wall motion abnormalities.
Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones to Corresponding Alcohols Using Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphite and Commercial Zinc Dust
Authors: Kumar K. Anil , Gowda D. Channe
Published: April 2012

A mild and an efficient system has been developed for the reduction of aromatic aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols in good yield using inexpensive commercial zinc dust as catalyst and diammonium hydrogen phosphite as a hydrogen donor.
The Impact of Anthropogenic Heat on Formation of Urban Heat Island and Energy Consumption Balance
Authors: Shahmohamadi P. , Che-Ani A. I. , Maulud K. N. A. , Tawil N. M. , Abdullah N. A. G.
Published: April 2012

This paper investigates the impact of anthropogenic heat on formation of urban heat island (UHI) and also determines which factors can directly affect energy use in the city. It explores literally the conceptual framework of confliction between anthropogenic heat and urban structure, which produced UHI intensity and affected energy consumption balance. It then discusses how these two factors can be affected and gives implication to the city and then focuses on whether actions should be taken for balancing adaptation and mitigation of UHI effects. It will be concluded by making the three important strategies to minimise the impact of UHI on energy consumption: landscaping, using albedo materials on external surfaces of buildings and urban areas, and promoting natural ventilation.
Preparation and Properties of Non‐Crosslinked and Ionically Crosslinked Chitosan/Agar Blended Hydrogel Films
Authors: Mahmoud Nasef Mohamed , El-Hefian Esam A. , Saalah Sariah , Yahaya Adul Hamid
Published: April 2012

Hydrogel films of chitosan (Cs) and agar blends of various proportions were prepared using physical solution blending. Some of the obtained films were ionically cross‐linked by treatment with calcium chloride solution. The obtained films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) and universal mechanical tester. The non‐crosslinked Cs/agar blended films showed lower water swelling, melting temperature, stiffer and less elastic properties than that of pure Cs films and higher than pure agar films. Crosslinked blended films displayed further reduction in the swelling and melting temperature while maintained more hydrogel stability.
Preparation and Antibacterial Activity of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) Derived from 1‐Phenylazo‐2‐naphthol and Salicylaldehyde
Authors: Sharif S. A. I. , El-Tajoury A. N. , Elamari A. A.
Published: April 2012

The mixed ligand complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) have been synthesized by using 1‐phenylazo‐2‐naphthol as primary ligand and salicylaldehyde as secondary ligand. All the prepared complexes were identified and confirmed by elemental analyses (C, H and N), molar conductance measurements, infrared, electronic absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance. The elemental analysis data suggest that the stoichiometry of the complexes to be 1:1:1[M: L1: L2] ratio. The molar conductance measurements of the complexes indicate their non‐electrolytic nature. The infrared spectral data showed the coordination sites of the free ligand with the central metal ion. The electronic absorption spectral data revealed the existence of an octahedral geometry for Co(II) and Cd(II) complexes and a square planar geometry for Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes showed the existence a paramagnetic phenomenon and supported their geometrical structures which confirmed by the electronic absorption spectra. The ligands and mixed ligand complexes have been tested on antibacterial activity against three strains of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Evaluation of Plants and Weeds Extract on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Sulphuric Acid
Authors: Begum Abida
Published: April 2012

Experiments were performed in order to determine the inhibitive effects of extracts of plants and weeds namely Parthenium hysterophorus, Dathura stromonium, Azadirachta indica, Helianthus annuus leaves extract for mild steel in sulphuric acid by using weight loss and thermometric technique. Results demonstrated that, all the experimental inhibitors show an adsorption on steel surface according to Langmuir’s isotherm. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of all tested inhibitors to attain a maximum value at 1.0%. Free energy values for adsorption process show that the process is spontaneous. The kinetic treatment of the results shows first order kinetics.
NO Reactions Over Ir‐Based Catalysts in the Presence of O2
Authors: Guo Mingxin , Zhu Rongshu , Dong Minhua , Ouyang Feng
Published: April 2012

The behaviour of a series of Ir‐based catalysts supported on SiO2, ZSM‐5 and γ‐Al2O3 with various Ir loadings prepared by impregnation method was conducted by temperature programmed reaction (TPR) technique. The result implies that NO is oxidized to NO2 while simultaneously being reduced to N2 or N2O in the NO reactions over iridium catalysts. The surface active phase over iridium catalysts that promote the NO reactions is IrO2. The catalytic activity increases with the increase of the Ir loading and support materials have a little effect on the catalytic activity. When the loading is less than 0.1%, the catalytic activity was found to be dependent on the nature of support materials and in order: Ir/ZSM‐5>Ir/γ‐Al2O3>Ir/SiO2. When the loading is higher than 0.1%, the catalytic activity for NO oxidation is in order: Ir/ZSM‐5>Ir/SiO2>Ir/γ ‐Al2O3, which is correlated with Ir dispersion on the surface of support materials and the catalytic activity for NO reduction is in sequence: Ir/γ ‐Al2O3>Ir/SiO2>Ir/ZSM‐5, which is attributed to the adsorbed‐dissociation of NO2. Compared to Pt/γ‐Al2O3, Ir/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst is more benefit for the NO reduction.
Synthesis and Structural Studies of First Row Transition Metal Complexes with Tetradentate ONNO Donor Schiff Base Derived from 5‐Acetyl 2,4‐dihydroxyacetophenone and Ethylenediamine
Authors: Reddy Pulimamidi Saritha , Ananthalakshmi P. V. , Jayatyagaraju V.
Published: April 2012

Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes were prepared by template reaction of 5‐acetyl 2,4‐dihydroxyacetophenone (H2‐ADA) and ethylenediamine in the presence of metal ions. The complexes have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, conductivity, magnetic moments, infrared and electronic spectral data. The Schiff base binds to metal ions in bis‐multidentate ONNO mode leading to two dimensional Schiff base polymers. All the complexes have been assigned octahedral stereochemistry.
Inhibition of Copper Corrosion by Flavonoids in Nitric Acid
Authors: Al-Qudah Mahmoud A.
Published: April 2012

A study has been made to investigate the effect of some substituted flavonoids on copper dissolution in 2.0 M HNO3 for 4.0 hours at different temperatures by the weight loss method. Percentage of inhibition increases as concentration of the flavonoids increases and reaches a maximum value, due to the formation of a monolayer film on the surface of the metal. 92% Inhibition was observed in some of these flavonoids. As temperature increases, percentage of inhibition decreases. Energy of activations were deduced and discussed.
Mechanical, Thermal and Surface Investigations of Chitosan/Agar/PVA Ternary Blended Films
Authors: El-Hefian Esam A. , Nasef Mohamed Mahmoud , Yahaya Abdul Hamid
Published: April 2012

The mechanical and thermal properties of chitosan/agar/poly vinyl alcohol (CS/AG/PVA) ternary blended films having various proportions considering chitosan as the main component were investigated. The various variables static water contact angle such as contact angle, drop base area, drop volume and drop height was also studied in correlation with the variation of time. Results obtained from mechanical measurements showed a noticeable increase in the tensile strength (TS) coincided with a sharp decrease in elongation percent at break (E%) of blended films with increasing agar and PVA contents. The DSC results prevailed the development of an interaction between chitosan individual components: agar and PVA. Moreover, an enhancement of the wettability of the blends was obtained with increasing agar and PVA contents. It was also found that the pure CS film and the blended films with 90/05/05 and 80/10/10 compositions were more affected by time than blended films with other compositions when the contact angle, the drop height and the drop length were studied as a function of time. In addition, when the drop is initially placed on the substrate, the drop area and the drop volume of all films remained almost constant up to a certain time after which they showed a slight difference with the elapse of time.
Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Carboxin in its Formulations and Environmental Samples
Authors: Swarna C. , Naidu K. Purushotham , Nagendrudu G. , Naidu N. V. S. , Saraswathi K.
Published: April 2012

Simple, precise, rapid, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of carboxin in pure form and in its formulations. The first method is based on oxidative coupling of carboxin with 1,10‐phenonthrolin in presence of ferric chloride to form orange colored product with λmax of 510 nm. The product obeyed Beer′s law in the concentration range 1‐10 mL (10 to 100 µg/mL) with molar absorptivity of 1.1425×103 Sandell′s sensitivity 0.2061. The second method is based on the reaction of carboxin with 2,2′‐bipyridine to form orange red colored product exhibiting λmax of 522 nm with molar absorptivity, Sandell′s sensitivity 2.2605×103, 0.1041 respectively. It obeys Beer′s law in the concentration range of 0.5‐50 mL (5 to 50 µg/mL). The assay of results was found to be in good agreement with label claim.
Sensitive Bromatometric Methods for the Determination of Sumatriptan Succinate in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Satyanarayana K. V. V. , Rao P. Nageswara
Published: April 2012

Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of sumatriptan succinate (STS) in pure and tablets using bromate‐bromide as the bromination reagent in acid medium and two dyes as subsidiary reagents. The two methods are based on the bromination of STS by a known excess of in situ generated bromine followed by determination of unreacted bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of methyl orange (Method A) or indigo carmine (Method B) and measuring the absorbance at 508 or 610 nm. In both methods, the amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the amount of STS. The experimental conditions for the assay have been optimized. In two methods, the absorbance was found to increase linearly with the concentration of STS at the respective wavelengths. Beer’s law was obeyed over the ranges 0.2‐1.6 and 2.0‐12.0 μg mL-1 for method A and method B respectively and the respective molar absorptivity values were 1.898×105 and 2.71×104 L mol-1 cm-1. The statistical analysis of the methods was validated according to the present ICH guidelines. The proposed methods were applied to the analysis of tablet form of STS and the results tallied well with the label claim.
T3P‐ A Novel Catalyst for Aza‐Diels‐Alder Reaction: One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrano[3,2‐c]quinolines and furano[3,2‐c]quinolines
Authors: Prasanna T. S. R. , Raju K. Mohana
Published: April 2012

T3P was found to be an efficient catalyst for the Aza‐Diels–Alder reactions of aldimines with dihydropyran or dihydrofuran to afford the corresponding pyrano‐and furo [3,2‐c]quinolines in high yields with high diastereoselectivity in a short period of time.
Spectrophotmetric Determination of Cefadroxil in Bulk and Dosage Form Using Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Shantier S. W. , Gadkariem E. A. , Ibrahim K. E. , El-Obeid H. A.
Published: April 2012

A simple spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of cefadroxil in pure bulk and in capsules forms. The method is based on a direct reaction between cefadroxil and sodium hydroxide (1 N). A product with λmax at 342 nm and molar absorptivity of 7.9x103 L mol-1 cm-1 is formed after heating cefadroxil with sodium hydroxide (1 N) for 30 minutes. The absorbance‐concentration plot was rectilinear over the range 5‐25 μg/mL with correlation coefficient values not less than 0.999. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) were 0.693 μg/mL and 2.31 μg/mL. The method was validated using the BP liquid chromatographic method for cefadroxil assay. The results obtained by the developed method for the capsules dosage form were statistically compared with those of the BP liquid chromatography method and evaluated at 95% confidence limits.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Synthesis of Tetrapeptide Analogue SAHA/TPX
Authors: Ekou Lynda , Ekou Tchirioua , Opalinski Isabelle , Gesson Jean Pierre
Published: April 2012

The inhibition of HDAC (histone deacetylase) activity by specific inhibitors induces growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis of transformed or several cancer cells. Some of these inhibitors are in clinical trial at phase I or phase II. The discovery and development of specific HDAC inhibitors are helpful for cancer therapy. In this paper we describe the synthesis of simple inhibitor B hybrid analogue suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), trapoxin B (TPX B) in as little as five steps. This compound is interesting lead for the design of potent inhibitors of histone deacetylase.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Glutamic Acid by N‐Bromophthalimide in Aqueous Acidic Medium
Authors: Alhaji N. M. I. , Mary S. Sofiya Lawrence
Published: April 2012

The kinetics of oxidation of glutamic acid (Glu) with N‐bromophthalimide (NBP) was studied in perchloric acid medium at 30 °C by potentiometric method. The reaction is first order each in NBP and glutamic acid and is negative fractional order in [H+]. Addition of KBr or the reaction product, phthalimide had no effect on the rate. Similarly variation of ionic strength of the medium did not affect the rate of the reaction. Also the rate increased with decrease in dielectric constant of the reaction medium. The thermodynamic parameters were computed from Arrhenius and Eyring plots. A suitable mechanism consistent with the kinetic results has been proposed.
Synthesis of 3,7‐Dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo‐[3,3,1]nonane (DPT) Using Task‐Specific Ionic Liquids as Recoverable Catalysts
Authors: Bing L. I. U. Xiao , Ming L. U.
Published: April 2012

A facile and efficient method for the synthesis of 3,7‐dinitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT) has been developed starting from urea. In the procedure some task‐specific ionic liquids was synthesized as a cheap and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of DPT. The catalysts could be recovered and reused several times without noticeably decrease in the catalytic activity.
Spectral Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Benzyloxybenzaldehydethiosemicarbazone, 3,4‐Dihydroxybenzaldehydeisonicotinoylhydrazone and their Transitional Metal Complexes
Authors: Suvarapu Lakshmi Narayana , Reddy A. Varada , Kumar G. Satheesh , Baek Sung Ok
Published: April 2012

The synthesis and spectral characterization of benzyloxy‐benzaldehydethiosemicarbazone (BBTSC) and the study of antibacterial activity of ligands BBTSC, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehydeisoni‐ cotinoylhydrazone (3,4‐DHBINH) and their transition metal complexes was studied. The composition of the metal complexes was also evaluated by using Job’s method, molar‐ratio method and Asmus’ method. The antibacterial activities of BBTSC, 3,4‐DHBINH and their complexes i.e., Cu(II)‐BBTSC, Pd(II)‐BBTSC, Cr(VI)‐ 3,4‐DHBINH, Ti(IV)‐ 3,4‐DHBINH and Pd(II)‐3,4‐DHBINH were studied against two gram positive bacteria and two gram negative bacteria. Antibacterial activities were evaluated by agar cup well method with the help of Luria Bertoni plates.
Comparison of Essential Oil Constituents of Scirpus Littoralis Schrad and Scirpus Wardianus J. R. Drumm. from Iran
Authors: Feizbakhsh A. , Naeemy A. , Aghassi A.
Published: April 2012

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial part of S. littoralis and S. wardianus grown in Iran were analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty seven components of S. littoralis and S. wardianus representing 85.5% and 86% of the oils were identified respectively. The major components in both oils were cyperene and cyperotundone, representing 18.7% and 14.8% in S. litoralis and 24.1% and 11.1%, in S. wardianus. Both oils were richer in sesquiterpene hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpene.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some Phenylpyrazolo Indoquinoxaline Derivatives
Authors: Sridevi CH. , Balaji K. , Naidu A.
Published: April 2012

Indoloquinoxalin was fused with 2,3 diphenyl quinoxaline by a methylene bridge which was then allowed for acetylation. The acetylated product was made to react with different aromatic aldehydes to give chalcones. Chalcones refluxed with substituted acid hydrazides to afford different indoloquinoxaline pyrazolines. The structure of chalcones and indoloquinoxaline pyrazolines were confirmed by M.P, TLC and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and antihistamic activities.
Ion Exchange Study of Some New Copolymer Resins Derived from 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulphonic Acid, Biuret and Formaldehyde
Authors: Dhakite P. A. , Gurnule W. B.
Published: April 2012

Copolymer resins (8‐HQSABF) were synthesized by the condensation of 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulphonic acid and biuret with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid as catalyst, proved to be selective chelation ion exchange copolymer resins for certain metals. Chelation ion exchange properties to these polymers were studied for Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of the distribution of a given metal ions between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in a media of various ions strengths. The polymer showed a higher selectivity for Cu2+ ions than for Cd2+, Co2+ and Zn2+ ions. Hence on the basis of above studies these copolymer may be used as semiconductors, surface coating, ion‐exchangers, materials for rechargeable battery cell in various electronic industries, plastic materials, elastomers and in boiler plants
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Studies of Some Transition Metal Complexes of a Schiff Base Derived from 2‐(Aminomethyl)‐ benzimidazole and Thiophene‐2‐carbaxaldehyde
Authors: Jogi Pragathi , Mounika K. , Padmaja M. , M. Lakshmi , Gyanakumari C.
Published: April 2012

Complexes of Cu(II), VO(IV), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) with a Schiff base derived from 2‐(aminomethyl)benzimidazole and thiophene‐2‐carbaxaldehyde (1‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐N‐[(E) thiophenylmethylidene] methanamine‐BNTM) were successfully synthesized. The complexes have been characterized using chemical analysis, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV‐Visible, 1H‐ NMR, 13C‐NMR and ESR), Thermal studies, conductometric and magnetic data. According to these data, we proposed an octahedral geometry to all the metal complexes. Antibacterial activity of the ligand and its metal complexes were studied against two gram‐negative bacteria; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two gram‐positive bacteria; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus. It has been found that all the complexes are antimicrobially active and show higher activity than ligand.
Stability Indicating Analytical Method Development and Validation of Efavirenz Quantification by High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Technique
Authors: Kumar R. , Sharma M. , Verma G. R.
Published: April 2012

A stability‐indicating high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is developed for the quantification of efavirenz drug substance. Selected mobile phase is a combination of 50 volume of acetonitrile and 50 volume of 0.86% w/v solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, pH adjusted to 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid. Optimized column is a stainless steel column packed with base deactivated octa decylsilyl silica gel and at 252 nm wavelength. Linearity of the method is found 40 μg/mL to 160 μg/mL with regression coefficient of 0.9995. The method is validated according to ICH guidelines.
Kinetic Study on Induced Electron Transfer Reaction in Pentaamminecobalt(III) Complexes of α‐Hydroxy Acids by Pyridinium Fluorochromate in Micellar Medium
Authors: Nawaz B. Mohammed , Subramani K. , Ahmed Mansur
Published: April 2012

Pyridinium fluorochromate (PFC) oxidation of pentaamminecobalt(III) complexes of α‐hydroxy acids in micellar medium yielding nearly 100% of carbonyl compounds are ultimate products. The decrease in UV‐visible absorbance at λ=502 nm for Co(III) complex corresponds to nearly 100% of the initial absorbance. The stoichiometry of unbound ligand and cobalt(III) complex is accounting for about 100% reduction at the cobalt(III) centre. The kinetic and stoichiometric results have been accounted by a suitable mechanism.
Kinetics of Adsorption of Ferrous Ion onto Acid Activated Carbon from Zea Mays Dust
Authors: Baskaran P. K. , Venkatraman B. R. , Arivoli S.
Published: April 2012

The batch removal of ferrous ion from aqueous solution using low cost adsorbents such as zea mays dust carbon(ZDC) under different experimental conditions were investigated in this study. The process parameters studied include agitation time, initial metal ion concentration, carbon dose, pH and temperature. The adsorption followed first order reaction equation and the rate is mainly controlled by intraparticle diffusion. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The adsorption capacity (Qm) obtained from the Langmuir isotherm plot were found to 37.17, 38.31, 39.37 and 40.48 mg/g. The temperature variation study showed that the ferrous ions adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous with increased randomness at the solid solution interface. Significant effect on adsorption was observed on varying the pH of the ferrous ion solutions. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms obtained positive ΔH0 value, pH dependent results and desorption of metal ions in mineral acid suggest that the adsorption of ferrous ion on ZDC involves physisorption mechanism.
A Simple and Sensitive HPLC Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Nabumetone and Paracetamol in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Sahu Prafulla Kumar , Annapurna M. Mathrusri , Sahoo Dillipkumar
Published: April 2012

This paper describes a high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of nabumetone and paracetamol in binary mixture. The method was based on RP‐HPLC separation and quantitation of the two drugs on hypersil C‐18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05% aqueous acetic acid (70:30v/v) at flow rate of 1 mL min-1. Quantitation was achieved with PDA detector at 238 nm based on peak area with linear calibration curves at concentration ranges 5‐25 µg mL-1 for both the drugs. Naproxen sodium was used as internal standard. The method has been successively applied to pharmaceutical formulation. No chromatographic interference from the tablet excipients was found. The method was validated in terms of precision, robustness, recovery and limits of detection and quantitation. The intra and inter‐day precision and accuracy values were in the acceptance range as per ICH guidelines.
Immobilization of Isolated Lipase From Moldy Copra (Aspergillus Oryzae)
Authors: Dali Seniwati , Patong A. B. D. Rauf , Jalaluddin M. Noor , Pirman  , Hamzah Baharuddin
Published: April 2012

Enzyme immobilization is a recovery technique that has been studied in several years, using support as a media to help enzyme dissolutions to the reaction substrate. Immobilization method used in this study was adsorption method, using specific lipase from Aspergillus oryzae. Lipase was partially purified from the culture supernatant of Aspergillus oryzae. Enzyme was immobilized by adsorbed on silica gel. Studies on free and immobilized lipase systems for determination of optimum pH, optimum temperature, thermal stability and reusability were carried out. The results showed that free lipase had optimum pH 8,2 and optimum temperature 35 °C while the immobilized lipase had optimum 8,2 and optimum temperature 45 °C. The thermal stability of the immobilized lipase, relative to that of the free lipase, was markedly increased. The immobilized lipase can be reused for at least six times.
Development and Validation of a Rapid RP HPLC Method for the Determination of Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartarate in Solid Oral Dosage Forms
Authors: Humaira Syeda , Dey Akalanka , Raju S.Appala , Sanaullah Syed
Published: April 2012

In the present study a simple, sensitive rapid and accurate HPLC method with UV detection for the analysis of cinitapride hydrogen tartarate was developed and validated in solid dosage forms. The method utilized gradient elution technique with C18 column (150×4.6 mm I.D, 5 μm particle size) with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile The detection wavelength was at 268 nm, with flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and injection volume of 10 μL for separation of cinitapride in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. The gradient elution was developed for better and optimized results. The developed method was validated for precision which includes system precision and method precision, accuracy and linearity studies in the concentration range of 5‐100 μg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9987. The accuracy (recovery) was between 97.32 and 100.82%. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, precise and reproducible, hence can be applied for routine quality control analysis of cinitapride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Study on the Significance of Temporal Ion Chemistry in Groundwater of Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Manivannan R. , Chidambaram S. , Anandhan P. , Karmegam U. , Sinagaraja C. , Johnsonbabu G. , Prasanna M. V.
Published: April 2012

The demand of water supply is increasing day by day to meet the pace of developments in domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors especially in developing countries like India. Groundwater being a scarce commodity in a hard rock terrain like Dindigul district an attempt has been made in this study brings out the significance of temporal ion chemistry in groundwater by collecting groundwater from 43 different location of the district and analysed for major and minor ions. These ions were then used for the irrigation classification of groundwater and to bring out the mechanisms responsible of the water chemistry of the region during different seasons.
Synthesis of Poly(hydroxamic Acid)‐Poly(amidoxime) Chelating Ligands for Removal of Metals from Industrial Wastewater
Authors: Lutfor M. R. , Mashitah M. Y.
Published: April 2012

Synthesis of poly(hydroxamic acid)‐poly(amidoxime) chelating ligands were carried out from poly(methyl acrylate‐co‐acrylonitrile) grafted sago starch and hydroxylamine in alkaline medium. The binding property of metal ions was performed and maximum sorption capacity of the copper was 3.20 mmol/ g and the rate of exchange of some metals was faster, i.e. t½ ≈ 7 min (average). Two types of wastewater containing chromium, zinc, nickel, copper and iron, etc. were used and the heavy metal recovery was found to be highly efficient, about 99% of the metals could be removed from the metal plating wastewater.
Phase Transfer Catalysis Assisted Thorpe Reaction for the Synthesis of 3‐Aminothiophene‐2‐carboxylates
Authors: Shah R. D.
Published: April 2012

Thorpe cyclization constructing synthetically important methyl or ethyl 3‐amino‐4‐arylthiophene‐2‐carboxylates has been studied using eco friendly phase transfer catalysis technique. 3‐Amino‐4‐arylthiophene‐2‐carboxylates have been synthesized from 3‐hydroxy‐2‐arylacrylonitriles and thioglycolates under different solid‐liquid phase‐transfer conditions.
Synthesis and Structural Studies of Cr(III), Mn(II) and Fe(III) Complexes of N(2‐Benzimidazolyl)acetylacetohydrazone
Authors: Anuradha G. H. , Chandra Pal A. V.
Published: April 2012

The ligand N(2‐benzimidazolyl)acetylacetohydrazone (BAAH) have been synthesized and characterized. Coordination complexes of Cr(III), Mn(II) and Fe(III) have been synthesized with the ligand BAAH. These complexes were characterized on the basis of analytical, conductance, thermal, magnetic data and infrared and electronic spectral data. The ligand BAAH is behaving as a neutral tridentate NNO donar employing two azomethine nitrogens (ring and side chain) and carbonyl oxygen. The ligand and it′s metal complexes were tested for anti microbial activity on the gram positive S. Aureus, E. coli and Proteus.
Characterization and Thermal Analysis of Mercury Complexes Containing Intermolecular N→Hg Interactions
Authors: Sahebalzamani Hajar , Salimi Farshid , Ghammamy Shahriare
Published: April 2012

The new mercury (II) compounds with (L1), (L2) of the general formula [Hg(L)2], have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, electronic and IR, Raman spectra and thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry techniques. The changes observed between the spectra of the ligands and of the complexes allowed us to stablish the coordination mode of the metal in complexes and the mechanism of C–H activation is discussed in detail. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and other analytical methods have been applied to the investigation of the thermal behavior and structure of the compounds [Hg(L)2]. Thermal decomposition of these compounds is multi‐stage processes.
Estimation of Rabeprazole Sodium and Itopride Hydrochloride in Tablet Dosage Form Using Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Rasheed Shaik Harum , Ramakotaiah Mogili , Kumar Konda Ravi , Nagabhushanam C. H. , Rao C. H. M. M. Prasada
Published: April 2012

A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method was developed, validated and used for the quantitative determination of rabeprazole sodium (RP) and itopride hydrochloride (IH), from its tablet dosage form. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), with a mobile phase comprising of a mixture of 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer and methanol (20:80v/v), pH 4.5 adjusted with acetic acid, at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min with detection at 286 nm. Separation was completed in less than 10 min. As per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines the method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantitation and limit of detection. Linearity of RP was found to be in the range of 37.5‐375 μg/mL and IH was found to be in the range of 5‐50 μg/mL. The correlation coefficients were 0.9997 and 0.9995 for RB and IH respectively. The accuracy of the developed method was found to be 98.6‐100.7 for RP and 99.42 ‐100.81 for IH. The experiment shows the developed method is free from interference of excipients. It indicates the developed RP‐HPLC method is simple, linear, precise and accurate and it can be conveniently adopted for the routine quality control analysis of the tablet dosage form.
An Efficient, Simple and Green Zn(Phen)2Cl2 Complex Catalyzed Synthesis of 4‐H‐Benzo[b]pyrans in Water at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Mosaddegh E. , Hassankhani A. , Mansouri G.
Published: April 2012

An efficient method for the synthesis of 4‐H‐benzo[b]pyrans has been developed by the use of Zn(Phen)2Cl2(2 mol%) as an ecofriendly catalyst. The mixture of an appropriate aldehyde, malononitrile and dimedone in the presence of the Zn(Phen)2Cl2 as an inorganic catalyst in water at room temperature resulted excellent yields of the corresponding products in 5 min. Very short experimental time of the reaction, excellent yields, use of water as a green solvent, simple work‐up and uses no extra catalyst and purification are the advantages of this method.
Efficient Removal of Ce(III) and Eu(III) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Local Clay ‐A Radiotracer Study
Authors: Dubey Som Shankar , Rao Battula Sreenivasa , Andrews B. S. A. , Kiran B.Venkata
Published: April 2012

Radiotracer technique has been used to study the removal behavior of Ce(III) and Eu(III) ions from aqueous solutions by local clay. Adsorptive concentration (10-4–10-6 mol dm-3), pH (ca 2.0‐9.0) and temperature (303‐333 K) were examined for assessing optimal conditions for removal of these ions. The adsorption phenomenon was highly dependent on the amount of the adsorbent concentrations. The uptake of ions, which fitted well for Freundlich isotherm, increased with increase in the temperature and no significant desorption took place in the studied temperature range. The energy of adsorption process for the both cations indicates that the adsorption phenomenon is of chemisorption type. The rate kinetics of the adsorption followed the first order rate kinetics.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts Produced for Commercial Purpose
Authors: Sathisha A. D. , Lingaraju H. B. , Prasad K. Sham
Published: April 2012

The antioxidant potential of some herbal plant extracts (commercial products) was measured using various in vitro assays. Among the extracts from Curcuma longa, Caffea arabica, Tribulus terrestris, Bacopa monnieri and Trigonella foenum- graecum, the Curcuma longa and coffee bean extract (Caffea Arabica) showed greater antioxidant activity measured as scavenging of DPPH, superoxide radicals, reducing power and inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation.
Removal of Malachite Green from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Developed from Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) Shell ‐ A Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies
Authors: Theivarasu C. , Mylsamy S.
Published: April 2012

The removal of malachite green (MG) by cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shell activated carbon (CSAC) was investigated in present study. Adsorption studies were performed by batch experiments as a function of process parameters such as initial pH, contact time, initial concentration and adsorbent dose. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of MG on CSAC was evaluated for the pseudo‐first order and pseudo‐second order kinetic models. Results showed that the pseudo‐second order kinetic model was found to correlate the experimental data well. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data was represented with Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Dubinin‐Radushkevich and Flory‐Huggins isotherms. The experimental data obtained in the present study indicated that activated carbon developed from cocoa shell can be attractive options for dye removal from waste water.
Construction of Eu3+ Ion‐Selective Electrode Based on 1,2‐Diaminopropane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid
Authors: Abedi Mohammad Reza , Zamani Hassan Ali
Published: April 2012

A new Eu3+ PVC membrane electrode based on 1,2‐diaminopropane‐N, N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (DAPTA) as a suitable ionophore has been prepared and studied. The electrode shows a good selectivity for Eu(III) ion with respect to most common cations including alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. This electrode has a wide linear dynamic range from 1.0×10-6 to 1.0×10-2 M with a Nernstian slope of 19.7±0.5 mV per decade and a low detection limit of 7.2×10-7 M in the pH range of 2.5–9.1, while the response time was rapid (<10 s). The practical utility of the electrodes has been demonstratedby their use as indicator electrodes in the potentiometric titration of Eu3+ ions with EDTA and for the determination of Eu3+ in some water sample solutions.
DFT and TD‐DFT Study of Structure and Properties of Semiconductive Hybrid Networks Formed by Bismuth Halides and Different Polycyclic Aromatic Ligands
Authors: Belhocine Y. , Bencharif M.
Published: April 2012

The structure and spectroscopic properties of polycyclic aromatic ligands of 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexakis (alkylthio) triphenylene (alkyl: methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl; corresponding to the abbreviations of the molecules: HMTT, HETT and HiPTT) were studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) methods with triple‐zeta valence polarization (TZVP) basis set. It was shown that the type of functional theory used, Becke‐Perdew (BP) and Leeuwen‐Baerends (LB94) implemented in Amsterdam Density functional (ADF) program package, does not have essential influence on the geometry of studied compounds in both ground and excited states. However, significant differences were obtained for the band gap values with relativistic effects of the zero order regular approximation scalar corrections (ZORA) and LB94 functional seems to reproduce better the experimental optical band gap of these systems.
Synthesis of Phthalyl Substituted Imidazolones and Schiff Bases as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Sah Pramilla , Saraswat Neha , Manu Manu
Published: April 2012

A new series of phthalyl substituted imidazolones (4a–g) and Schiff bases (5a–d) were synthesized from 2‐methyl‐(m‐nitro‐1,3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐(2H)‐isoindole‐2‐yl)‐5‐amino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (3a–b). Compounds (3a–b) were prepared by cyclisation of 2‐(m‐nitro‐1,3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐(2H)‐isoindole‐2‐yl)methyl ethanoate (2) with thiosemicarbazide. 2‐(m‐nitro‐1,3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐(2H)‐isoindole‐2‐yl)ethanoic acid (1) in presence of thionyl chloride and methanol gave the ester (2) while compound (1) was synthesized by aminolysis of phthalic anhydride with glycine. The compounds were characterized by spectral techniques of IR, 1H NMR, Mass and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds (4a–g) and (5a–d) were screened for their antibacterial activity against the pathogenic strains E. coli, P. aureus, C. freundii while antifungal activity was evaluated against A. niger, A. flavus, Penicillium sp. and C. albicans.
Validated Reverse Phase HPLC Method for the Determination of Impurities in Etoricoxib
Authors: Venugopal S. , Tripathi U. M. , Devanna N.
Published: April 2012

This paper describes the development of reverse phase HPLC method for etoricoxib in the presence of impurities and degradation products generated from the forced degradation studies. The drug substance was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation. The degradation of etoricoxib was observed under base and oxidation environment. The drug was found stable in other stress conditions studied. Successful separation of the drug from the process related impurities and degradation products were achieved on zorbax SB CN (250 x 4.6 mm) 5 μm particle size column using reverse phase HPLC method. The isocratic method employed with a mixture of buffer and acetonitrile in a ratio of 60:40 respectively. Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate (0.02 M) is used as buffer and pH adjusted to 7.20 with 1 N sodium hydroxide solution. The HPLC method was developed and validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and ruggedness.
Synthesis and Spectral Analysis of 3,4,5‐trichloro‐6‐(dibenzo[d,f][1,3]diazepin‐5‐yl)‐[1,2]‐benzoquinones
Authors: Gomaa Mohsen A. M.
Published: April 2012

Reaction of N1,N2‐di‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐ or N1,N2‐di‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) ‐amidines (1a-d) with 3,4,5,6‐tetrachloro‐1,2‐benzoquinone (2) in ethyl acetate at room temperature led to formation of new 3,4,5‐trichloro‐6‐(2‐hydroxy‐6‐methyldibenzo[d,f][1,3]diazepin‐5‐yl[1,2]‐benzoquinones (3a-d) in addition to N‐aryl‐N′‐(6,7,8,9‐tetrachloro‐4‐hydroxydibenzo‐[1,4]dioxin‐2‐yl)acetamidines (4a,b). The rational of formation of products 3a-d and 4a,b was discussed and structures were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data.
Bulk and Activated Carbon‐Supported Tungstophosphoric Acid as Recyclable and Green Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Acetamido Ketones and Esters
Authors: Bamoharram Fatemeh F. , Ahmadpour Ali , Heravi Majid M. , Charkhi Mohammad J. Sane
Published: April 2012

A rapid and efficient one‐pot method for the synthesis of β‐acetamido ketones/esters has been developed in the presence of bulk tungstophosphoric acid and its supported forms on activated carbon as recyclable and eco‐friendly catalysts under refluxing conditions. Supported tungstophosphoric acid catalysts containing the same amount of heteropoly acid yielded much higher conversion than bulk form.
Novel Biphasic Role of LipoxinA4on Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Lung Fibroblasts
Authors: Zheng Shengxing , Wang Qian , He Qian , Song Xiaorong , Ye Duyun , Gao Fang , Jin Shengwei , Lian QingQuan
Published: April 2012

Fibroblasts are important to host defence and immunity, can also as initiators of inflammation as well. As the endogenous “braking signal”, Lipoxins can regulate anti-inflammation and the resolution of inflammation. We investigated the effect of lipoxinA4on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lung fibroblasts. We demonstrated that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 protein was significantly increased and peaked initially at 6 hours, with a second increase, with maximal levels occurring 24 hours after lipopolysaccharide challenge. ProstaglandinE2levels also peaked at 6 hours, and prostaglandinD2levels were increased at both 6 and 24 hours. Exogenous lipoxinA4inhibited the first peak of cyclooxygenase-2 expression as well as the production of prostaglandinE2induced by lipopolysaccharide in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, exogenous lipoxinA4increased the second peak of cyclooxygenase-2 expression as well as the production of prostaglandinD2induced by lipopolysaccharide in a dose-dependent manner. LipoxinA4receptor mRNA expression was markedly stimulated by lipopolysaccharide but inhibited by lipoxinA4. We present evidence for a novel biphasic role of lipoxinA4on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lung fibroblasts, whereby LXA4has an anti-inflammatory and proresolving activity in lung fibroblasts following LPS stimulation.
Effect of Thickness on Structural and Optical Properties of Tetra‐tert‐ butyl‐2, 3‐naphthalocyanine Thin Films
Authors: Dhanya I. , Menon C S
Published: April 2012

Amorphous tetra‐tert‐butyl‐2, 3‐naphthalocyanine thin films have been deposited using physical vapor deposition technique under a varied thickness by adjusting the coating time. By analyzing the x‐ray diffraction, the structure of as deposited films is found to be non‐crystalline. Different optical properties of these thin films have been investigated by means of optical absorption and reflection spectra. Various optical constants like band gap energy, Eg the width of band tails of localized states into the gap, EU and steepness parameter, β gets calculated and the variation of different optical parameters like refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constants, optical conductivity and surface and volume energy losses with photon energy are estimated.
ZnO as an Efficient and Inexpensive Catalyst for One Pot Synthesis of 2, 4, 5 ‐Triphenyl‐1H ‐ imidazole Derivatives at Room Temperature
Authors: Bandgar Babasaheb P. , Hote Baliram S. , Korbad Balaji L. , Patil Sachin A.
Published: April 2012

An improved and rapid one pot synthesis of 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1H‐imidazoles on condensation with benzil, aromatic aldehyde and NH4OAc has been carried out using ZnO as an efficient and inexpensive catalyst in high yield at room temperature. The short reaction time, good yields (60‐93%), environmental friendly procedure, mild reaction condition and convenient operation are important advantage of these synthetic methods.