bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Возможности биомедицинского применения модифицированных пектинов
Authors: Mamedov Elmaldin I. , Dergunova Еlena S. , Kalmykova Elena N.
Published: March 2021

В работе приведен краткий обзор за последние 10-15 лет по имеющимся методам модификации пектиновых полисахаридов (алкилирование, амидирование, тиолирование, сульфатирование). Дана краткая характеристика структурных особенностей различных пектиновых полисахаридов (гомогалактуронана, рамногалактуронана, ксилогалактуронана). Каждый метод содержит информацию по соответствующим химическим реакциям взаимодействия пектиновых полисахаридов с модифицирующими реагентами, а также сведения о применении модифицированных пектинов в медицине, пищевой и фармацевтической промышленности.

Например, ацетилированные пектины могут быть использованы как стабилизаторы и эмульгаторы пищевых систем, а также влиять на механизм высвобождения ибупрофена (слабокислого препарата) по всему желудочно-кишечному тракту.

Высокожелирующие свойства амидированных пектинов позволяют изготавливать гидрогелевые шарики, которые могут быть использованы при доставке лекарственных препаратов, специфических для толстой кишки (таких как индометацин и сульфаметоксазол) и предназначаться для перорального приема инсулина.

Тиолированные пектины перспективны в применении их в качестве мукоадгезивных полимеров. Данное свойство позволяет обеспечить значительно более глубокое проникновение лекарственного препарата (малеата тимолола) через роговицу глаза, что открывает возможность использования модифицированного таким образом пектинов в офтальмологии.

Сульфатированные пектины интересны в силу своего значительного влияния на физиологические функции полисахаридов, таких как антиоксидантная, противовоспалительная, противоопухолевая, противомикробная и противовирусная (анти-ВИЧ-инфекционная активность). Одним из характеристик сульфата пектина является его антикоагулянтная активность и антитромботическое действие. Исследования показали, что замена карбоксильной группы на сульфатную в цитрусовом пектине увеличивает оба вышеупомянутых эффекта, не влияя на геморрагический. Кроме того, данное производное пектина также проявляет улучшенное антимикробное действие против Bacillus cereus и Vibrio fischeri.

Имеющиеся методы модификации пектиновых полисахаридов раскрывают возможность более эффективного практического использования природных биополимеров углеводной природы не только в пищевой и косметической промышленности, но и для медицинских целей. Поиск новых путей изменения химической структуры гликанов способствует получению веществ с заданными свойствами, которые еще только предстоит исследовать в более широком масштабе.
Molecular detection of Chlamydia trachomatis v1
Authors: Santos Cristina
Published: March 2021

The molecular identification of Chlamydia trachomatis was performed using two different pairs of primers: cryptic plasmic primer KL1/KL2 (KL1, 5'-TCCGGAGCGAGTTACGAAGA-3'; KL2, 5’-AATCAATGCCCGGGATTGGT-3'), and MOMP primer (forward, 5'-CCTGTGGGGAAT CCTGCTGAA-3'; Reverse, 5' GTC GAA AAC AAA GTC ACC ATA GTA 3' ) The amplification reactions were set for each primer pair in a 25 μl reaction volume containing 1X PCR buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl; 50 mM KCl; 1.5 mM MgCl2), 0.5 μM of each pair of primer, 200 μM of dNTPs; 1U of Taq DNA polymerase, 5µl of DNA. The amplifications were carried out in a thermocycler (AB Veriti) with thermocycling conditions including an initial denaturation step at 95 oC for 10 minutes, followed by 50 amplification cycles each comprising a denaturation step at 95 oC for 30 seconds, annealing at 60 oC for 45 seconds, and elongation at 72 oC for 1 minute and a final extension at 72 oC for 7 minutes. The amplicons were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and observed on a UV transilluminator.
Laboratory Protocols v1
Authors: Pilar Salamanca-Cardozo Lyda , Pinazo María-Jesus , Armadans-Gil. Lluis , Helena Suescun-Carrero Sandra
Published: March 2021

Objective.To evaluate diagnostic precision of two rapid diagnostic tests (RDT's) on patients with chronic Chagas disease. Methodology. Prospective study with the following inclusion criteria: subjects older than 3 years, signed informed consent. Exclusion criterion: subjects could not have previously received treatment for infection with T. cruzi. The study population were participants in a screening process undertaken in rural and urban zones of the department Boyacá, Colombia. Two RDT’s were performed to all participants: the Chagas Detect Plus InBios (CDP) and the Chagas Stat-Pak (CSP) and as a reference standard the ELISA Chagas III GrupoBios and the Chagas ELISA IgG+IgM I Vircell tests wereused.In the case of discordant results between the two ELISA tests, an indirect immunofluorescence was done. Results. Three hundred-five (305) subjects were included in the study (38 patients with leishmaniasis), of which 215 tested negative for T cruzi and 90 tested positive according to the reference standard.The sensitivity of the RDT’s were 100% (CI 95% 95.9 – 100), and the specificity of the CDP was 99.1% (CI 95% 96.6 – 99.8) and for CSP was 100% (CI 95% 98.3 – 100). The agreement of CDP was 99.5% and for CSP was 100% with Kappa values of (k=99.1; CI 95% 92.6-99.8%) and (k=100; CI 95% 94.3-100), respectively. RDT’s did not present cross-reactions with samples from patients who were positive for leishmaniasis. Conclusions The findings demonstrate excellent results from the RDT’s in terms of validity, safety, and reproducibility. The results obtained provide evidence for the recommendation for using these tests in a Colombian epidemiological context principally in endemic areas in which laboratory installations necessary to perform conventional tests are not available, or they are scarce and to help in diagnosing chronic Chagas disease in order to provide access to treatment as soon as possible.
Feature Extraction with Apparent to Semantic Channels for Object Detection
Authors:   Information Engineering College, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China., Zhao Lei , Su Jia , Shi Zhiping , Guan Yong
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on using traditional image processing algorithms with some apparent-to-semantic features to improve the detection accuracy. Based on the optimization of Faster R-CNN algorithm, a mainstream framework in current object detection scenario, the multi-channel features are achieved by combining traditional image semantic feature algorithms (like Integral Channel Feature (ICF), Histograms of Gradient (HOG), Local Binary Pattern (LBF), etc.) and advanced semantic feature algorithms (like segmentation, heatmap, etc.). In order to realize the joint training of the original image and the above feature extraction algorithms, a unique network for increasing the accuracy of object detection and minimizing system weight called Multi-Channel Feature Network (MCFN) is proposed. The function of MCFN is to provide a multi-channel interface, which is not limited to the RGB component of a single picture, nor to the number of input channels. The experimental result shows the relationship between the number of additional channels, performance of model and accuracy. Compared with the basic Faster R-CNN structure, this result is based on the case of two additional channels. And the universal Mean Average Precision (mAP) can be improved by 2%-3%. When the number of extra channels is increased, the accuracy will not increase linearly. In fact, system performance starts to fluctuate in a range after the number of additional channels reaches six.
Cruciform Signs Decorating Paleolithic Bone Artifacts from Cherno-Ozerye II, the Middle Irtysh Area
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Schmidt I. V.
Published: March 2021

В научный оборот вводятся костяные изделия с орнаментальным оформлением со стоянки конца эпохи палеолита Черноозерье II в Среднем Прииртышье. Представлены фрагмент рукояти костяного кинжала, обнаруженный в ходе археологических работ 1971 г., и фрагменты костяных «игольников» — находки 2019 г. В соответствии с принципами семиотического анализа подробно описываются композиции орнаментальных записей, выполненных на поверхностях изделий. Большое внимание уделяется выявлению специфики технологии создания крестообразных знаков и их морфологии. Рассматриваются аналоги изучаемых находок в уральских и восточно-европейских коллекциях. Проведенное исследование позволило сделать вывод о том, что технологические, морфологические и синтаксические особенности орнаментальных записей являются устойчивыми признаками косторезного искусства отдельных групп охотников-собирателей. Обнаруженная специфика знаков, их набор и сюжеты дают основание считать Среднее Прииртышье зоной контактов западных (уральских) и восточно-сибирских групп палеолитических охотников и собирателей. В результате этого взаимодействия на юге Западной Сибири сформировался оригинальный (композитный) орнаментальный язык.
Three Silver Dishes from Yugra
Authors:   Arctic Research Center, Fedorova N. V. , Baulo A. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

В научный оборот вводятся средневековые серебряные блюда, найденные на севере Западной Сибири в районе пос. Перегребное (Октябрьский р-н ХМАО-Югры). Выдвинуто предположение об их принадлежности к городищу Перегребное I, датируемому концом I- началом II тыс. н.э. Допускается также, что в более позднее время изделия были атрибутами священного места обских угров. Проведена хронологическая и культурная атрибуция находок. Блюдо с изображением козерога (горного козла ?) признано согдийским и отнесено по классификации Б.И. Маршака ко второму этапу школы А. Оно имеет несколько аналогов среди средневековых серебряных сосудов, найденных в Прикамье. Блюдо на трех ножках со сценой нападения льва на оленя при наличии пунсонного фона и ножек атрибутировано как согдийское или восточно-иранское и датировано концом VIII-X в. Блюдо с изображением царя на коне и двух воинов, отличающееся несколько упрощенной передачей сасанидских реалий, возможно, было изготовлено в каком-то ремесленном центре Восточного Ирана — Средней Азии не ранее VIII в., скорее всего, в IX-X вв. Находки из Перегребного проанализированы в контексте серебряных согдийских и восточно-иранских изделий VIII-X вв., обнаруженных в Нижнем Приобье. Ареал подобных изделий включает бассейны рек Сев. Сосьва и Сыня, окрестности Березова.
Evenki Reindeer Riding Saddle: Certain Principles of Mobility in the Taiga
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sirina A. A. ,   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

На основе музейных коллекций, полевых, фото- и видеоматериалов XX — начала XXI в. анализируется верховое оленье седло с крылышками, характерное для восточных эвенков. В работе подробно описывается конструкция седла, варианты креплений. Технологии изготовления верхового оленьего седла с крылышками рассматриваются в русле современных трактовок этнографии/антропологии материальности как способ адаптации к меняющейся природной и социальной среде в условиях мобильного образа жизни. На основе анализа технологий оленьих седел раскрываются принципы таежной мобильности: высокая степень вариативности в использовании материалов и технологий; модульность (сборность конструкции, взаимодополняемость и взаимозаменяемость деталей), соотнесенность технологического цикла с природными ритмами; важность традиционных знаний; использование широкого спектра природных и искусственных (с середины XX в.) материалов и др. Затронут вопрос об эстетике вещи, используемой в кочевой культуре: она тесно связана с функционалом, прагматикой, чувством красоты и гармонии, выступает в качестве социального знака. Отмечено влияние изменений в социальной структуре кочевых коллективов на особенности производства верховых седел.
The Consecration of Altars in 17th–21st Century Siberian Orthodox Churches: The Neurosymbolic Aspect
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mainicheva A. Y.
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируется исторический опыт актуализации символических аспектов посвящений престолов в сибирских православных церквях XVII-XXI вв. на примере престолов Софии Премудрости Слова Божия и святой великомученицы Варвары Илиопольской. Источниками послужили справочные книги епархий, изданные в начале XX в., сборники документов XVII в. и произведений древнерусской литературы, указатели церквей, а также база данных «Храмы России» (temples.ru). На основе применения нейрометодологии, методики сплошного просмотра справочных данных, метода case-study установлено, что посвящения Софии Премудрости имели элитарный характер; престолы во имя св. вмч. Варвары были редки, но на рубеже XX-XXI вв. получили новый импульс для распространения, посвящение ей приобрело узкую направленность как покровительнице ракетных войск стратегического назначения России. Определен основной принцип актуализации культов — возобновление интереса к ним при усмотрении аналогий между личными биографиями или историческими событиями локального, регионального либо общегосударственного характера и эпизодами истории христианства, житий святых. Актуализация позволяет связать частные явления с религиозным контекстом, что многократно повторяется и воспроизводится, создавая традиционность в посвящениях престолов. Храмы становятся овеществленными символами, а даты памяти святых, их имена — вербальными, выполняющими роль ментальных ярлыков.
Güvenlikleştirme Kuramında ‘Söz Edim’ ve ‘Pratikler’: Türkçe Güvenlikleştirme Yazınında ‘Yöntem’ Arayışı
Authors: Sula İsmail Erkam
Published: March 2021

Güvenlikleştirme Kuramı uluslararası yazında olduğu gibi Türkçe yazında da sık kullanılan bir kuramsal yaklaşımdır. Bu araştırmanın ortaya koyduğu üzere, özellikle 2010 yılından itibaren yıllık ortalama üç güvenlikleştirme makalesi yayınlanmakta, her dört ayda bir güvenlikleştirme konulu yeni bir makale Türkçe literatürde yerini almaktadır. Türkçe literatürde kurama yönelik bu rağbetin artışını tartışan bu makale, Türkiye’de yayınlanmış olan güvenlikleştirme çalışmalarına dair kapsamlı bir inceleme yapmak amacıyla hazırlanan veri-temelli bir incelemeye dayanmaktadır. Türkçe yazına dair içerik analizi yöntemi ile yapılan kapsamlı bir veri-kodlaması ışığında (1) genel bir kantitatif bir inceleme ve (2) Türkiye’de güvenlikleştirme çalışmalarının mevcut durumuna (State of the Art) dair kalitatif bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bu değerlendirme neticesinde, makale Türkçe güvenlikleştirme yazınında önemli boşluklar olduğunu, bu boşlukların doldurulmasının da alana yeni girecek araştırmacılar için birtakım fırsatlar doğurduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Makale bir yandan güvenlikleştirme yaklaşımlarının uluslararası yazındaki farklı türlerini açıklarken, Türkçe yazının ayrıntılı bir haritasını çıkararak yazındaki önemli sınırlılıkları ve fırsatları ortaya koymaktadır.
Rusya’nın Hibrit Savaş Kapasitesinin Kırım ve Donbas Vakaları Üzerinden Analizi
Authors: Cin Gökhan , Tekin Hasan Hüseyin
Published: March 2021

Çalışma, hibrit savaş olgusunu, Rusya Federasyonu’nun (Bundan böyle bu makalede Rusya Federasyonu’ndan Rusya olarak bahsedilecektir), 2014-2015 yıllarında Doğu Ukrayna (Donbas) ve Kırım üzerinde gerçekleştirdiği harekât üzerinden analiz etmektedir. Seçilen coğrafi bölgenin ve vakaların tarihsel boyutunun anlaşılabilmesi için Ukrayna kimliğine değinilerek, Ukrayna’nın Doğusu ile Batısı arasındaki farklılıkların sebepleri ve tarihsel kökleri vurgulanmıştır. Literatürde birçok yazarın tanımladığı Hibrit savaş kavramının ne olduğu, tarihsel süreç içerisinde bugün nasıl algılandığı açıklanmaya çalışılmış, bu bağlamda kavram karmaşasının önüne geçebilmek için yöntem bakımından hibrit savaş ile ilintili diğer savaş kavramlarına da yer verilmiştir. Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nden (SSCB) köhne ve hantal bir miras devralan Rusya’nın, yakın coğrafyasında gerçekleşen egemenlik krizlerini tecrübe ederek şekillendirdiği güvenlik mekanizması ile hibrit savaş kabiliyetine evrilen güvenlik konsepti bir süreç olarak ele alınmıştır. 2014-2015 Donbas ve Kırım olaylarını tarihsel ve kavramsal bir derinlikte vaka incelemesi olarak analiz eden bu çalışmanın amacı, Rusya’nın hibrit savaşı nasıl yorumladığını ve “özgün” Ukrayna harekât sahasında nasıl hayata geçirdiğini açıklamaktır.
Local-Distance Seismic Event Relocation and Relative Magnitude Estimation, Applications to Mining Related Seismicity in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming
Authors: Kintner Jonas A. , Cleveland K. Michael , Ammon Charles J. , Nyblade Andrew
Published: March 2021

Recent efforts to characterize small (Mw<3) seismic events at local distances have become more important because of the increased observation of human-triggered and induced seismicity and the need to advance nuclear explosion monitoring capabilities. The signals generated by low-magnitude seismic sources necessitate the use of nearby short-period observations, which are sensitive to local geological heterogeneity. Local to near-regional distance (<300  km) surface and shear waves can dominate short-period observations from small, shallow seismic sources. In this work, we utilize these observations to estimate precise, relative locations and magnitudes of ∼700 industrial mining events in Wyoming, using nearly 360,000 observations. The precise, relative location estimates (with formal location uncertainty estimates of less than 1 km) collapse a diffuse collection of mining events into discrete clusters associated with individual blasting operations. We also invert the cross-correlation amplitudes to estimate precise, relative moment magnitude estimates, which help validate and identify disparities in the event sizes reported by regional network catalogs. Joint use of multiple phases allows for the inclusion of more seismic events due to the increase in the number of observations. In some cases, using a single phase allowed us to relocate only 50% of the original reported seismic events within a cluster. Combining shear- and surface-wave phases increased the number of events to above 90% of the original events, allowing us to characterize a broader range of event sizes, source to station distances, and event distributions. This analysis takes a step toward making a fuller characterization of small industrial seismic events observed at local distances.
fadas de lá
Authors: Soncini Gabriela Regina
Published: March 2021

Este artigo pretende fazer uma leitura da personagem “Nhinhinha”, do conto “A Menina de lá”, de Guimarães Rosa (1972), sob o viés da figura da personagem fada. Tal narrativa faz parte do livro Primeiras Estórias do escritor mineiro. Para complementar o estudo em relação à imagem da fada, este trabalho pretende analisar outra narrativa de Rosa (1970), o conto “A Caça à Lua”, que faz parte do livro Ave, Palavra e que apresenta também, como personagem, uma menina que remete tanto à própria “Nhinhinha”, como à figura da fada, criatura maravilhosa do imaginário popular, presente em várias narrativas tradicionais. Esta leitura recorrerá a escritos teóricos de J.R.R.Tolkien (2015), Italo Calvino (2010), Kátia Canton (1994), além de trazer postulações teóricas de Maurice Blanchot (2011) acerca do espaço literário de magia, do imaginário e do lugar da infância. Pontuações de Giorgio Agamben (2007) também serão evocadas para analisar afigura da fada como uma ajudante, ou seja, uma personagem de auxílio,que proporciona outra visão em relação ao olhar cotidiano. Outras postulações teóricas serão levantadas em relação à personagem fada,oriundas da mitologia célticae dos contos de fadas tradicionais, para entender a forma fluida entre vida, morte, magia, encanto e estranhamento, que as personagens dessas meninas apresentam nas narrativas de Rosa.
Molars Fracture Resistance with Class II Cavities Restored with Different Resin - Based Materials
Authors: Jassé Fernanda Ferreira Albuquerque , Alencar Cristiane de Melo , Pollo Natália Fernandes , Silva Cecy Martins , Campos Edson Alves de
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe teeth weakening due to the preparation of class II mesio-occluso-distal cavities is a challenge for the clinician. The objective of this study was to evaluate the molars fracture resistance with class II mesio-occluso-distal cavities restored with different restorative techniques and materials. Forty extracted molars were divided into 5 groups: Group 1 – intact healthy teeth (positive control); Group 2 – unrestored teeth with mesio-occluso-distal class II cavities (negative control); Groups 3 to 5 – restored teeth with standardized dimensions. In groups 3 to 5, the cavities were restored with flow resin only, flow resin coated with a nano-hybrid resin, and nano-hybrid resin only, respectively. All specimens were tested for resistance to fracture using an axial compressive load, a metallic sphere measuring 8 mm in diameter on a universal testing machine EMIC DL-2000. A 10 kN load cell operated at a speed of 5 mm/min until the tooth fracture. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests (α = 0.05). Group 3 showed higher fracture strength (2243.1 ± 473.7N) when compared to groups 2, 4 and 5. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The fracture strength of teeth restored with flow mesio-occluso-distal restorations was similar to that of intact natural teeth. Keywords: Compressive Strength. Composite Resins. Dental Cavity Preparation. ResumoO enfraquecimento dos dentes devido às preparações de cavidades mesio-ocluso-distal é um desafio para o clínico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência à fratura de molares com cavidades mesio-ocluso-distais classe II restauradas com diferentes técnicas e materiais restauradores. Quarenta molares extraídos foram divididos em 5 grupos: Grupo 1 – dentes saudáveis intactos (controle positivo); Grupo 2 – dentes não restaurados com cavidades mesio-occluso-distais classe II (controle negativo); Grupos 3 a 5 – dentes restaurados com dimensões padronizadas. Nos grupos 3 a 5, as cavidades foram restauradas apenas com resina flow, resina flow recoberta com uma resina nano-híbrida e somente resina nano-híbrida, respectivamente. Todas as amostras foram testadas quanto à resistência à fratura usando uma carga compressiva axial, usando uma esfera metálica medindo 8 mm de diâmetro em uma máquina de teste universal EMIC DL-2000. Uma célula de carga de 10 kN operava a uma velocidade de 5 mm/min até a fratura do dente. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e testes de Tukey (α = 0,05). O grupo 3 apresentou maior resistência à fratura (2243,1 ± 473,7N) quando comparado aos grupos 2, 4 e 5. Essa diferença foi estatisticamente significante (p <0,05). A resistência à fratura dos dentes restaurados com resina flow foi semelhante à dos dentes naturais intactos. Keywords: Força Compressiva. Resinas Compostas. Preparo da Cavidade Dentária.
Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Aerobic and Muscular Endurance in Young Adults Men
Authors: Grala Alan , Candellório Éderson , Sperandio Paulo , Maldonado Emilly , Dos Anjos Bruno , Jacinto Jeferson , Casonatto Juliano , Aguiar Andreo
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of citrulline malate (CIT) supplementation on aerobic and muscular endurance in young adult males. Eighteen young adult men (age: 21.5 ± 2.7 years) were randomized into two groups (Citrulline malate - CIT and Placebo - PLA; N = 9/group ) and received the respective supplements for 7 days. The CIT group was supplemented with 6 g CIT + 6 g dextrose (total: 12 g), while the PLA group received the same amount (12 g) of dextrose. At the pre- and post-supplementation, the following variables were analyzed: aerobic (maximal treadmill test, Tmax) and muscle (repetitions maximum test, Rmax) endurance tests, as well as mean and maximum heart rate (HR) in Tmax and ratings of perceived exertion (PSE) in Rmax. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were found between CIT and PLA groups in time until exhaustion in Tmax, total repetitions in Rmax, maximal HR and PSE from pre- to post-supplementation. The mean HR was statistically lower (P < 0.05) in the CIT group compared to the PLA in the Tmax. In conclusion, supplementation of CIT (6 g / day) does not improve aerobic and muscular endurance, as well as maximal HR or PSE in healthy young adults, despite reducing the mean HR during the maximal incremental test. Keywords: Endurance Training. Dietary Supplements. Physical Functional Performance. Citrulline. Nitric Oxide. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de citrulina malato (CIT) sobre a resistência aeróbica e muscular em homens adultos jovens. Em um desenho experimental randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado com placebo, dezoito homens adultos jovens (idade: 21,5 ± 2,7 anos) foram randomizados em dois grupos (Citrulina malato – CIT e Placebo – PLA; N = 9/grupo) e receberam os respectivos suplementos por um período de 7 dias. O grupo CIT foi suplementado com 6 g de CIT + 6 g de dextrose (total: 12 g), enquanto o grupo PLA recebeu a mesma quantidade (12 g) de dextrose. Nos momentos pré e pós suplementação as seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: resistência aeróbia (teste incremental máximo em esteira rolante, Tmáx) e muscular (teste de repetições máximas, Rmáx), bem como a frequência cardíaca (FC) média e máxima no Tmáx e a análise da percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) no Rmáx. Nenhuma diferença significante (P > 0,05) foi encontrada entre os grupos CIT e PLA no tempo até a exaustão no Tmáx, total de repetições no Rmáx, FC máxima e PSE do momento pré para o pós suplementação. A FC média foi estatisticamente (P < 0,05) menor no grupo CIT comparado ao PLA no Tmáx. Em conclusão, a suplementação de CIT (6 g/dia) não melhora a resistência aeróbica e muscular, bem como a FC máxima ou PSE em adultos jovens saudáveis, apesar de reduzir a FC média durante o teste incremental máximo. Palavras-chave: Treino Aeróbico. Suplementos Nutricionais. Desempenho Físico Funcional. Citrulina. Óxido Nítrico.
O radical do tema de presente do verbo trager no galego medieval: estudo diacrónico
Authors: Bestilleiro Bello Xosé
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo faise un estudo, desde unha abordaxe diacrónica, dos radicais do tema de presente do verbo trager que se documentaron nun corpus do galego medieval. Para este propósito, aise unha valoración crítica das fontes empregadas así como unha exposición dos lexemas existentes e a súa análise no percurso proposto da historia da nosa lingua.
Dicionários monolíngues da língua galega
Authors: Iriarte Sanromán Álvaro
Published: March 2021

O objectivo deste trabalho será mostrar em que medida os principais dicionários monolíngues galegos de que actualmente dispomos no mercado fornecem informação (gramatical, combinatória, pragmática, etc.) suficiente para servirem como ferramentas para ajudar o utilizador a elaborar textos em galego (como língua materna, segunda ou estrangeira). Tentarei quantificar, de maneira aproximada, esta informação, para assim poder justificar respostas a perguntas do tipo: Qual é o melhor dicionário de galego? Que dicionário podemos utilizar para ajudar a aprender galego? Que dicionário nos pode ajudar a escrever em galego? etc.
Trazos xerais da tradición gramatical galega
Authors: Sánchez Rei Xosé Manuel
Published: March 2021

A tradición gramatical galega comeza no século XIX, en contraste co que aconteceu coas linguas do seu contorno, que principian o seu percurso filolóxico na Idade Moderna. Tal demora é produto da colonización española e esta, dunha maneira ou doutra, está así mesmo presente nas primeiras gramáticas do galego: a carga diglósica que transparece nunha boa parte delas, a constante comparación entre galego e castelán, a súa falta de socialización porque a lingua se achaba excluída de certos ámbitos etc. son algúns dos trazos que singularizan a tradición gramatical galega e que serán abordados nestas páxinas.
Recensión: M. Ferreiro / C. P. Martínez Pereiro / L. Tato Fontaíña (eds.): A edición da Poesía Trobadoresca en Galiza
Authors: Eirín García Leticia
Published: March 2021

Recensión: M. Ferreiro / C. P. Martínez Pereiro / L. Tato Fontaíña (eds.): A edición da Poesía Trobadoresca en Galiza. A Coruña, Baía Edicións, 2008.
Factors associated with opposition to a vape-free campus policy
Authors: Gwon Seok Hyun , Cho Youngjoo , Laestadius Linnea , Wang Yang , Lee Han-Joo
Published: March 2021

Objective. To assess the characteristics of campus populations who were opposed to a vape-free campus policy and examine factors associated with opposition to a vape-free campus policy among those who indicated support for a tobacco-free policy.
Participants. Faculty, staff, and students (N=2210) in a Midwestern university participated. Methods. Individuals were invited to a campus-wide online survey about the tobacco-free policy on campus in spring 2018. Pearson’s χ2, t-test, and binary logistic regression were used for analysis.
Results. Age, gender, current tobacco use, perceived harmfulness of e-cigarettes, and perceived harmfulness of secondhand smoke were significantly associated with opposition to the vape-free campus policy.
Conclusions. Our data highlight the importance of various demographic factors that are associated with opposition to the vape-free policy. The current field needs to use informative approaches to improve knowledge of overall tobacco in health campaigns and public health programs on campus and within community outreach programs.
Editorial: Seeking the Benefits of Broadband
Authors: Campbell Leith H
Published: March 2021

This editorial comes in three parts: some observations on national preparedness to capture the benefits of widespread broadband availability; some updates on the editorial team that produces the Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy; and a brief introduction to the papers in this issue.
Texture Profile and Pectinase Activity in Tomato Fruit (Solanum Lycopersicum, Servo F1) at Different Maturity Stages and Storage Temperatures
Authors: Gebregziabher Angesom Asgele , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Indarti Siwi , Setyowati Lilis
Published: March 2021

The demand for daily consumption of tomato fruit is increasing immensely. Nevertheless, the fruit is exposed to mechanical damage, shrinking, and softening as the maturity stages, handling, and storage are inappropriate, thereby affecting the texture. The study aimed to assess the texture profile, pectinase activity, and physicochemical parameters in tomato fruit at different maturity stages and storage temperatures. The fruits were harvested at 1-4 weeks after pollination and stored at a temperature of 16 ºC and 25ºC. There was an increase in the redness color (a*), TSS content, weight loss, respiration rate, and ethylene production, while the hardness, lightness color (L*), pH, and TA decreased with an increase in maturity stages at different storage temperatures. The higher Polygalacturonase (PG) and Pectin methylesterase (PME) enzyme activities were observed at 25 ºC compared to storage temperature of 16 ºC. It was confirmed that pectinase activity extremely affected the texture profile. For commercial purposes, it is suggested that tomatoes are harvested at 2nd and 3rd week after pollination for long distance transportation and at 4th week for fresh consumption and stored at a temperature of 16 °C.
O Bullying no Contexto Brasileiro: notas e referências
Authors: Esteves Pâmela
Published: March 2021

Bullying é um tipo de comportamento violento caracterizado por atitudes agressivas de todas as formas, praticadas intencional e repetidamente, que ocorre devido à dificuldade dos estudantes em conviver/aceitar suas próprias diferenças culturais e identitárias que são construídas e reconstruídas no ambiente escolar. Mesmo compreendendo o bullying como um tipo específico de violência escolar, a questão da motivação para a ocorrência do bullying continua sem explicações racionáveis, por isso, este texto defende que o não reconhecimento da diferença constitui a principal motivação para o comportamento bullying. A partir dessa ponderação o texto analisa o bullying no contexto da educação brasileira.
Armanda Álvaro Alberto: uma Educadora e Feminista Brasileira – a Lacuna Inaceitável da História
Authors: Gomes Selma Regina
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa inserida no projeto mais amplo intitulado História Intelectual dos Signatários do Manifesto da Educação Nova. Aborda alguns aspectos da história da intelectual Armanda Álvaro Alberto, signatária do Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova. O objetivo é destacar sua contribuição ao pensamento educacional brasileiro, evidenciando o contexto das relações sociais, institucionais e intelectuais em que emergiu seu projeto de escola. Tem como suporte teórico as proposições sobre a prática da história intelectual de Vieira (2015) e fundamenta-se no contextualismo linguístico como orientação metodológica para a apreensão do contexto e das ideias da intelectual em questão. Os resultados mostram que embora tenha tido prestígio e exercido poder no contexto da história da educação brasileira, esta educadora não obteve um lugar de destaque.
Correlation of dry eye and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dutta Saura Kamal , Paul Gautam , Paul Gaurav
Published: March 2021

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and various studies have shown that people with diabetes are more prone to suffer from dry eye disease than those without diabetes. This study was undertaken with the aim to find the prevalence of dry eye disease in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to find the correlation between glycemic control and prevalence of dry eye.

This study was carried out over a period of one year and cases of type 2 diabetes were selected from patients attending the out patient department. Diagnosis of dry eye was made if OSDI Score was more than 12 with one of the positive specific tests for dry eye.

A total of 180 eyes of 100 patients were included in the study. It was noted that with increasing age the chance of dry eye increase. Our study found that with increased duration of diabetes, the chance of developing dry eye increases, and poor glycemic control increases the severity of dry eye. The severity of diabetes has a positive correlation with goblet cell loss and morphological changes in conjunctival impression cytology.

It is established in our study that there is a positive correlation between prevalence of dry eye and poor glycemic control in a patient of diabetes. Since, the prevalence of dry eye in a hospital-based study with limited sample is significant hence the prevalence in the community must be higher and needs attention.
To study the role of platelet rich plasma as treatment in various etiologies of dry eye
Authors: Chadha Gunjan , Chauhan Arvind , Chawla Urmil
Published: March 2021

To evaluate the effect of platelet rich plasma as treatment modality in various etiologies of dry eye.

: A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary eye care hospital on 65 eyes of 40 patients for a duration of three years, who presented with the complaints of dry eye due to various etiologies. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) was made from the patient’s serum and they were advised to be instilled in topical eyedrop form six times a day.

The study included 29 men and 11 women. The mean age was 40yrs (34.45±15.17), range 10 – 60 years. Dry eye symptoms like burning sensation, itching, dryness, blurred vision and redness were studied and were found to be significantly reduced (p=0.0001)post treatment with PRP after one month. The improvement in symptoms was most likely due to indirect reduction of inflammation. Around 30.7% eyes had improvement in visual acuity of atleast one line. The Schirmer’s test also showed improvement with Schirmer values before treatment being 5.34mm± 2.18 mm to 15.90 mm±7.75mm after treatment. Around 46.87% right eye and 39.9% left eye also had improvement with tear break up time more than 10 sec.

The use of PRP eye drops for the treatment of various etiologies of dry eye was shown to be effective in reducing the symptoms of dry eye without any significant complications.
Prevalence and risk factors of allergic conjunctivitis in a semi urban set up
Authors: Charani Muduthanpally , Sailaja Manikala
Published: March 2021

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is caused due to exposure to allergens is called allergic conjunctivitis. Simple allergic conjunctivitis is fairly common and the symptoms are usually underrated and, most of the patients do not go to the hospital for treatment. There is a wide variation in the occurrence of allergic conjunctivitis in different geographical parts of the world.

158 of the patients with allergic conjunctivitis were included in the study were found to have allergic conjunctivitis. Complete history including symptoms such as redness, itching, teary eyes etc. were taken in detail.

53.2% were in the primary school, while 37.3% were in the middle school, or between 6-10 class and 9.5% were in the 11 or 12 std. Exposure to dust was the main cause for allergic conjunctivitis as was seen in 32.3% of the cases. Smoke was the second most common cause with 22.8% affected, followed by Dye eyes in 13.9% of the cases. All the patients experienced itching in the eye, and were rubbing their eyes often. (98.7%). 86.1% had watery eyes with over Lacrimal secretion. Majority of the patients (81.6%) with allergic conjunctivitis had allergic rhinitis. 32.3% had asthma, and 13.3% had atopic dermatitis.

Since Allergic conjunctivitis is a mild disease with little morbidity, the patients fail to understand the importance of a regular eye checkup. This can be corrected with the help of health education to the students and the patents in the community.
Distributed vs. Hybrid Control Architecture Using STPA and AHP - Application to an Autonomous Mobile Multi-robot System
Authors: Bensaci Chaima , Zennir Youcef , Pomorski Denis , Innal Fares , Liu Yiliu
Published: March 2021

Systems composed of a fleet of autonomous mobile robots are among the most complex control systems. This control complexity is at a high level especially when those robots navigate in hazardous and dynamic environments such as chemical analysis laboratories. These systems include different dangerous and harmful products (toxic, flammable, explosive...) with different quantity. In order to perform its mission on a regular basis, this multi-robot system can be controlled according to multiple architectures. We propose, firstly, to apply the System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) on two selected control architectures, namely distributed and hybrid architectures in order to obtain a set of loss scenarios for each kind of architecture. For further assessment, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to choose the best architecture. The proposed approach provides a risk analysis and a more practical comparison between the two control architectures of a mobile multi-robot system and facilitates decision-making, even in complex situations.
Patent Trolling and Intellectual Property: Challenges for Innovations
Authors: Utkina Maryna , Bondarenko Olha , Malanchuk Petr
Published: March 2021

Nowadays effective legal protection of intellectual activity results is one of the most urgent issues. First, of mind, this is because, in the context of globalization processes, society is moving into a relatively new era, when the main value is information and knowledge in the context of the qualities to create something new. Against this background, patent trolling research emerges full-blown as one of the main negative trends in the development of intellectual property and which became widespread worldwide. The article begins with a research of various theoretical and legal approaches to understanding the concept of “patent trolling”, the reasons for its emergence, and its influence on intellectual property in the world. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, international acts, and legislative acts of different countries, the author discloses its experience in the possible solutions to patent trolling prevention.
Social Uses of Logic in Medieval and Modern Contexts
Authors: Brumberg-Chaumont Julie
Published: March 2021

Społeczne użycie logiki w kontekstach średniowiecznych i nowoczesnych

W średniowieczu, zwłaszcza od XIII wieku, logika stanowiła dyscyplinę propedeutyczną dla wszelkich form szkolnictwa wyższego, a także osnowę sztuki prowadzenia „sporu” (disputatio), która była zarówno metodą naukową, jak i obowiązkową formą zdobywania stopni uniwersyteckich, co miało społeczną organizację i było kontrolowane przez instytucje edukacyjne. Logika została również niedawno uznana za naukę i technikę doskonalenia ludzkiego intelektu. W ten sposób uzyskała bezprecedensowe znaczenie antropologiczne, prowadząc jednocześnie do zepchnięcia całych grup społecznych, uważanych za pozbawione logiki, do rangi podrzędnych form człowieczeństwa. Średniowieczna logika reprezentowała dominującą kulturę argumentacyjną o silnym znaczeniu normatywnym.

Dzisiaj pozostał tylko normatywny wymiar logiki, ale w dużej mierze oderwany od jej podstaw teoretycznych i wartości edukacyjnej. Naszą epokę charakteryzuje zanik formalnego nauczania logiki i koniec praktyki sporu. Pojęcie inteligencji przeszło poważne ewolucje, podczas gdy praktyki intelektualne i naukowe nie są już zgodne ze sztywnym i zrytualizowanym wzorcem logicznym. Samo pojęcie logiki również uległo radykalnej zmianie wraz z rozdzieleniem logiki formalnej i tak zwanej logiki nieformalnej oraz zniknięciem idei logiki jako jednolitej normy, która pojawiła się wraz z wyłonieniem się nieredukowalnego pluralizmu logicznego. Społeczne zastosowania logiki są zasadniczo dyskryminujące, co można zaobserwować pośrednio w testach inteligencji i bezpośrednio w testach logicznych, zgodnie z programem selekcji opartym w dużej mierze na identyfikacji „rodzimych” umiejętności logicznych kandydatów. Troska jednak o edukację logiczną, ale pod inną nazwą, pojawiła się ponownie w XX wieku wraz z ruchem krytycznego myślenia. Refleksje i praktyki, do których ów ruch doprowadził, oferują interesujące podobieństwa ze średniowiecznym usytuowaniem logiki.

Badanie średniowiecznego usytuowania logiki pozwala wskazać nieodwracalne zmiany, prześledzić długotrwałe dziedzictwo i pobudzające podobieństwa, ale także zastanowić się nad współczesnymi zastosowaniami logiki z innej perspektywy. Historia zastosowań i wartości nadanych logice w czasie i przestrzeni pomaga pluralizować i uhistoryczniać logikę, zwłaszcza gdy jest używana jako narzędzie do oceny na podstawie logiki „uniwersalnej i naturalnej” stopnia racjonalności jednostek i grup, których zachowanie intelektualne nie pasuje do normy.
Integral aesthetics. Project: Introduction to a Timeless Controversy Over Contemporary Art
Authors: Kawalec Anna
Published: March 2021

Estetyka integralna. Projekt. Wprowadzenie do Timeless Controversy over Contemporary Art

W artykule proponuję koncepcję estetyki przełamującej dogmatyczną ideę dyscypliny czystej, która nie unika wartościowania moralnego. Projekt ten motywowany jest badaniami międzykulturowymi. Część druga tekstu poświęcona jest przeglądowi publikowanych w numerze artykułów, uporządkowanych według klucza międzykulturowości.
Native Art and Comedy from a Dine’ Perspective
Authors: Begay Les
Published: March 2021

Rdzenna sztuka i komedia z perspektywy plemienia Dine’

Niniejszy artykuł jest analizą rdzennej sztuki i komedii z odmiennego niż współczesny, zachodni punkt widzenia. Jest to interpretacja sztuki Dine’ z perspektywy członka plemienia Dine’. Wyjaśniamy powody powstania tej sztuki, jej szczegóły i prywatny charakter. Artykuł ilustruje również atrakcyjność rdzennej komedii zarówno dla rdzennych, jak i nierdzennych jej odbiorców oraz różnice w jej postrzeganiu. Analizy są oparte na osobistym kontakcie ze sztuką i komedią plemienia Dine’, jednego z 574 rozpoznanych plemion Ameryki Północnej.
Dancing as Environmental Aesthetics from Indigenous America
Authors: Chindoy Chindoy Juan Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Taniec jako estetyka środowiskowa z rdzennej Ameryki

Współczesne badania estetyki środowiskowej podkreślają ciągłość między naturą a ludzkim działaniem. Większość z tych podejść sugeruje, że nacisk na ciągłość przyrody z ludzkością implikuje zmianę podejścia do środowiska naturalnego, co oznacza, że powinniśmy odejść od eksploatacji środowiska naturalnego i skupić się na jego ochronie i zachowaniu. W dwóch częściach tego artykułu argumentuje się, że idea ciągłości człowieka ze środowiskiem naturalnym była przez długi czas rodzimą wiarą filozoficzną rdzennej Ameryki, której najstarszą estetyczną manifestacją był taniec. Pierwsza część poświęcona jest idei ciągłości w rdzennej Ameryce, z położeniem nacisku na koncepcje Matki Natury i Ducha Człowieka. Druga część pokazuje, że rodzimy taniec uosabia estetycznie ideę ciągłości ludzkiego działania i środowiska naturalnego.
Is Art an Adaptation? The Timeless Controversy over the Existence of Aesthetic Universals (by the Lens of Evolutionary Informed Aesthetics)
Authors: Luty Jerzy
Published: March 2021

Czy sztuka jest adaptacją? Ponadczasowe kontrowersje wokół istnienia estetycznych uniwersaliów (przez pryzmat ewolucyjnie poiformowanej estetyki)

Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że w kategoriach analitycznych głównym przedmiotem badań w filozofii sztuki są twierdzenia o sztuce i że poddaje ona jedynie ponownemu badaniu przedmiot określany jako „sztuka”, ze swej strony stwierdzam, że interdyscyplinarny charakter ewolucyjnego podejścia do sztuki i estetyki wynika prawdopodobnie z naturalizacji perspektywy filozoficznej oraz z „etologicznego zwrotu” w estetyce. Umożliwia to ujawnienie genezy, źródeł i funkcji sztuki oraz zachowań artystycznych w okresie bezprecedensowych odkryć nauk ewolucyjnych związanych z kulturą i poznaniem człowieka. Postrzegam to jako obowiązek badacza, który stara się znaleźć odpowiedź na ponadczasowe kontrowersje dotyczące prawdziwej natury sztuki i uniwersalnych emocji, jakie wywołuje, a nie tylko zajmować się tym, co formułuje teoria.
Superior versus Inferior Conjunctival Limbal Autograft with Sutures in the Management of Primary Pterygium in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dakshina Kannada - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Upadhyaya Madhuri , Savur Sheetal
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autograft (CAU) is one of the most frequently used modalities in the treatment of pterygium. The graft has traditionally been harvested from the superior bulbar conjunctiva, but this may not be possible in all patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the intraoperative difficulties and early postoperative outcomes between superior and inferior CAU in the management of primary pterygium. METHODS This hospital based cross sectional study evaluated 58 eyes of 50 patients with primary pterygium who underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autograft secured with the help of sutures over a period of 2 years from March 2018 to March 2020. In 28 eyes, the superior bulbar conjunctiva was used for grafting whereas in 30 eyes, the inferior conjunctiva was used for the same. The outcome measured was in terms of the mean surgical time, clinical symptoms and signs in the early postoperative period and recurrence rate. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 44.14 ± 12.71 years in the superior CAU group and 45.76 ± 14.51 years in the inferior CAU group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean surgical time (68.39 ± 31.51 in superior group, 2.60 ± 0.79 in inferior group; P value 0.712). The duration of follow-up after surgery was significantly more (P = 0.048) in the inferior CAU group (42.60 ± 11.71 days) as compared to the superior CAU group (37.39 ± 7.52 days). Postoperative symptoms were comparable, and no recurrence was observed in either of the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Pterygium excision with inferior conjunctival limbal autograft is safe and effective in the management of primary pterygia and may be considered as an alternative to superior graft in cases where harvesting the superior conjunctiva is not possible or not advisable. KEYWORDS Primary Pterygium, Conjunctival Limbal Autograft, Inferior Graft