bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Non Destructive FTNIR Method for Quick Estimation of Peanut Quality Based on FFA and Peroxide Value
Authors: Raigar Rakesh Kumar Kumar , Srivast Shubhangi , Mishra Hari Niwas
Published: September 2021

The possibility of rapid estimation of moisture, protein, fat, free fatty acid (FFA), and peroxide value (PV) content in peanut kernel was studied by Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FTNIR) in the diffuse reflectance mode along with chemometric technic. The moisture, fat and protein of fresh and damaged seeds of peanuts ranging from 3 to 9 %, 45 to 57 % and 23 to 27 % respectively, were used for the calibration model building based on partial least squares (PLS) regression. The peanut samples had major peaks at wavenumbers 53.0853, 4954.98, 4464.03, 4070.85, 74.75.63, 8230.21, and 6178.13 in per cm. First and second derivate mathematical preprocessing was also applied in order to eliminate multiple baselines for different chemical quality parameters of peanut. The FFA had the lowest value of calibration and validation errors (0.579 and 0.738) followed by the protein (0.736 and 0.765). The quality of peanut seeds with lowest root mean square error of cross validation of 0.76 and maximum correlation coefficient (R2) of 96.8 was obtained. The comprehensive results signify that FT-NIR spectroscopy can be used for rapid, non-destructive quantification of quality parameters in peanuts.
Mortality Risk Factors in the China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)
Authors: Zhao Xinju , Niu Qingyu , Ni Zhaohui , Chen Xiaonong , Chen Yuqing , Hou Fan Fan , Liang Xinling , Zhao Junhui , Bieber Brian , Robinson Bruce , Gan Liangying , Zuo Li
Published: September 2021

Background

Mortality risk for hemodialysis (HD) patients varies by country and ethnicity. Here, mortality rate and its related risk factors in Chinese HD patients from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) were investigated.
Methods

Data from China DOPPS phase 5 (2012–2015) were used. Patients’ demographics, assigned primary causes of end stage kidney disease (ESKD), comorbidities, dialysis prescription, laboratory values, date and cause for death were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of patient characteristics and treatments with mortality.
Results

1427 HD patients were enrolled. The mean age was 59.4 ± 14.9 years. The median follow-up time was 1.9 (1.1–2.1) years. There was total 205 deaths with at least 103 from cardiovascular disease (50.2%). The overall mortality rate was 8.8 per 100 patient-years. In the multivariate Cox model, older, serum albumin (Alb < 4g/dl, blood platelets < 100*109/L, pulse pressure (PP) > 63mmHg, and congestive heart failure history were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality.
Conclusions

Attention should be paid to patients who were older, with lower Alb and blood platelets level, higher PP and congestive heart failure history. Our results highlighted that there might be some modifiable risk factors for patients’ survival, such as Hgb, Alb, blood platelets, and blood pressure management.
Efficacy And Safety of Electroacupuncture Treatment In The Prevention of Negative Moods In Health Young Men After 30 Hours of Total Sleep Deprivation: Study Protocol For A Single-Center, Single-Blind, Parallel-Arm, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yan Bing , Wang Fuchun , Ma Tianshu , Liu Yanze , Liu Wu , Cheng Lei , Wang Ziyuan , Wang Zhongke , Liu Chengyu
Published: September 2021

•Background:Sleep deprivation (SD) among young adults is a major public health concern. In humans, it has adverse effects on mood and results in serious health problems. Faced with SD, persons may take precautionary measures to try and reduce their risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) for the prevention of negative moods after SD. In addition, we will do a comparison of the effects of EA on mood after SD at different time points.•Methods:This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine in China. The Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture, 2010 will be strictly adhered to. Forty-two healthy male volunteers will be distributed into acupoints electroacupuncture (AE) group, non-acupoints electroacupuncture (NAE) control group, or blank control group. This trial will comprise 1-week baseline (baseline sleep), 1-week preventative treatment, 30-hours total sleep deprivation (TSD), and 24-hours after waking follow-up period. Participants in the AE group and the NAE control group during the preventative treatment period will be administered with EA treatment once daily for 1 week. Participants in the blank control group will not be administered with any treatment. The primary outcome will be the Profile of Mood States (POMS) Scale. Secondary outcome measures will include changes in the Noldus FaceReader (a tool for automatic analysis of facial expressions) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) Scale. Total sleep deprivation will be 30 hours. During the 30-hours TSD period, participants will be subjected to 11 sessions of assessment. Adverse events will be recorded.•Discussion:This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EA for the prevention of negative moods after SD. The results of this trial will allow us to compare the effects of EA on mood after SD at different time points. Moreover, the findings from this trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals.•Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Chi2000039713, registered on 06 November, 2020.
Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Sternal Stalk: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Authors: zhang qiang you , shen guang yu , wang jiang run , zhang you lun , Yan Ling
Published: September 2021

Background: It has been reported that sternal neoplasms are a rare disease, accounting for about 1% of primary bone neoplasms, of which about 60% are malignancy, mostly occurring in the manubrium sternum.Case presentation: We reviewed a 77-year-old man with a solitary plasmacytoma of the sternal stalk presenting with pain in the anterior chest wall by examining a preoperative diagnosis of sternal manubrium malignant bone tumor. We performed extensive sternal manubrium tumor resection + bilateral partial costal cartilage resection + bilateral clavicular head resection + cervical lymph node dissection + thoracic reconstruction, and the postoperative recovery was perfect.Conclusion: We report a rare case of solitary plasmacytoma of the manubrium sternum successfully treated by extensive radical surgery for the manubrium tumor. Although rare, the disease should be identified, examined, and treated early to avoid serious complications.
Social Factors Associated with Trust in the Health System in Northern Sweden: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Baroudi Mazen , Goicolea Isabel , Hurtig Anna-Karin , San-Sebastian Miguel
Published: September 2021

Background

Despite the importance of having trust in the health system, there is a paucity of research in this field in Sweden. The aim of this study was to estimate the level of trust in the health system and to assess the factors associated with it in northern Sweden.
Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 in the four northern regions of Sweden. A total of 24 795 participants aged 18 to 84 years were involved in the study. A log-binomial regression was used to measure the association between sociodemographic factors and trust in the health system.
Results

Two thirds of the participants (68.5%) reported high trust in the health system. Women had lower prevalence of trust compared to men (PR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.94–0.98) while older participants had a higher trust compared to youth (PR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.06–1.16). Participants with lower level of education, those who experienced economic stress, those who were born outside Sweden and those living in small municipalities also had lower prevalence of trust in the health system. Conversely, lower income was associated with higher trust (PR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.04–1.12). Finally, a strong relationship between social capital and trust in the health system was also found.
Conclusions

Trust in the health system was moderately high in northern Sweden and strongly associated with sociodemographic and social capital factors. Trust is a complex phenomenon and a deeper exploration of the relation between trust in the health system and sociodemographic factors is needed.
Evaluation of Nutritional Deficiency-5 Years and More Outcomes Post Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Çırak Elif , Sancak Seda , Özdemir Ali , Karip Aziz Bora , çeler özgen , Okuroğlu Nalan , Fersahoğlu M. Mahir , Aydın M. Timuçin , Bulut Nuriye Esen , Altun Hasan , Çiğiltepe Hüseyin , Memişoğlu Kemal
Published: September 2021

IntroductionNowadays one of the most popular surgical method for treatment of obesity is laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Data regarding long-term nutritional deficiencies following LSG are scare. We aim to assess the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies 5 years post-LSG.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the files of 338 patients who had LSG surgery between June 2012 and June 2019 and had preoperative data and had at least 1 year of surgery. Serum iron, ferritin, folic acid, hemoglobin and vitamin B12 levels during annual visits for six years after LSG were compared with preoperative data. Patients with missing data during follow-up were evaluated as dropout and assessments were made on patients with available data.ResultsA total of 338 patients (83% women), with a baseline BMI 46,87±6,17 kg/m2 were included. In baseline, hypoferritinemia was detected in 19.16% for <15 ng/mL cutoff and in 43.11% for <30 ng/ml cutoff value. Serum iron, vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies were exist in 37.62%, 18.64% and 4.14% of the patients, respectively. We compared this prevalances with postoperative datas and found that ferritin deficiency in follow-up visits was significantly more frequent than the baseline (p<0.001), conversely vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly less common (p<0,05).ConclusionDespite the supplement, our results show that the prevalence of patients with hypoferritinemia after LSG is higher than before surgery. This high prevalence may be associated with factors such as insufficient supplementation, insufficient absorption of oral preparations, and insufficient compliance to treatment.
Study on the Effect of Income Perception on Cleaner-Production Fraud
Authors: Liu Ming , li yemei
Published: September 2021

We investigate a single-cycle product supply chain with one retailer and one supplier in a game model, where the supplier is the leader and the retailer is the follower. By innovatively introducing cleaner production fraudulent income perception factor into the game model, we studied the mechanism of the effect of enterprise social responsibility and environmental awareness on cleaner production fraud. The results showed that the value of cleaner production fraudulent income perception factor will affect the enterprise's choice of differentiation strategy. When the enterprise's sense of social responsibility is weak, i.e., the fraudulent income perception factor is correspondingly large, it more likely to choose cleaner production fraud. Conversely, under the constraints of high social responsibility, it more likely avoids production fraud. Regarding government supervision, a reasonable punishment for cleaner production fraud can reduce such violations to some extent. However, after the punishment reaches a level, the efficiency of supervision beginning to decline. In views of that, improving enterprise social responsibility through institutional reform is a more effective way to reduce cleaner production fraud. To contribute to a healthy competitive market environment, government supervision should establish a feedback mechanism, and make timely adjustments.
Association Between Methylation Levels of LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR Genes in Leukocytes from Individuals with Isolated or Associated Morbidities and Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Matte Thais Costa , Lima Raquel Patrícia Ataíde , Luna Rafaella Cristhine Pordeus , Gonçalves Maria da Conceição Rodrigues , Ferreira Flávia Emília Leite de Lima , Diniz Sônia Cristina Pereira de Oliveira Ramalho , de Lima Roberto Teixeira , de Almeida Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti , Silva Alexandre Sérgio , Diniz Alcides da Silva , de Oliveira Naila Francis Paulo , Persuhn Darlene Camati , Costa Maria José de Carvalho
Published: September 2021

Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation have been associated with the etiology of inflammation-related diseases. The present study evaluated the association between the methylation levels of LPL , ADRB3 and MTHFR genes and the stage of inflammation in individuals with isolated or associated morbidities, as well as in individuals without morbidities. This is a cross-sectional population-based study, in which 261 adults, between 20 and 59 years, individuals of both sex were selected. Inflammatory parameters were evaluated in blood, and the evaluation of methylation levels in the promoter of LPL , ADRB3 and MTHFR genes was performed in peripheral blood leukocytes. For statistical treatment, normality analysis was performed using the Lilliefors test, multiple linear regression, in addition to odds ratio. For all tests, the significance level adopted was 5%. In individuals with isolated morbidities, a positive association was observed between CRP values ​​(2.49mg/L±3.7) and LPL gene methylation levels (35%±18) (p=.003) and with associated morbidities, females had higher levels of LPL gene methylation (40% ± 20) (p = 0.041) and for MTHFR gene methylation levels (35% ± 18) a positive association was found with MDA values ​​(3.02µmol/L± 0.8) (p=.032). In addition, the use of medications did not influence the level of methylation for any of the three genes analyzed. Among individuals with isolated or associated morbidities, there was an association between the methylation levels of the LPL gene with the CRP values ​​and females, and furthermore with the MTHFR gene and MDA. This study could help to understand the etiology and treatment of different morbidities, enabling the discovery of new combats resources.
High Temperature Increased Lignin Contents of Poplar (Populus spp) Stem via Inducing the Synthesis Caffeate and Coniferaldehyde
Authors: Zhao Xianyan , Li Panpan , Liu Xingwang , Xu Tianyu , Zhang Yuqing , Meng Haifeng , Xia Tao
Published: September 2021

Background

Lignin contributes to plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and is dominantly regulated by enzymes which catalyze the generation of metabolites intermediates in lignin synthesis. However, the response of lignin and its key regulatory factors to high temperature stress are poorly unknown.
Results

Here, this finding revealed that the content of lignin in poplar (Populus spp) stem increased after three days of high temperature stress treatment. In fourteen metabolic intermediates of lignin biosynthetic pathway with targeted metabolomics analysis, caffeate and coniferaldehyde increased evidently upon heat stress. C3’H (p-Coumaroylshikimate 3-hydroxylase) and CCR (Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase) are recognized to catalyze the formation of caffeate and coniferaldehyde, respectively. Transcriptome data and RT-qPCR (reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) analysis found the high transcriptional level of PtrMYBs (PtrMYB021, PtrMYB074, PtrMYB85, PtrMYB46), PtrC3’H1 (Potri.006G033300) and PtrCCR2 (Potri.003G181400), suggesting that they played the vital role in the increase of lignin and its metabolic intermediates induced by high temperature.
Conclusions

The discovery of key regulators and metabolic intermediates in lignin pathway that respond to high temperature provides a theoretical basis for quality improvement of lignin and the application of forest resources.
Prevalence of Wasting and its Associated Factors among Children age from 6-59 Months in Debre Tabor Town Amhara Region of Ethiopia 2019: A Multi-center Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Getu Bisrat Dessie , Tibebu Nigusie Selomon , Azanaw Kefyalew Amogne , Zimamu Libsuye Yalgaw , Adal Gashaw Mekete , Emiru Tigabu Dessie , Atalell Kendalem Asmare
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Wasting is acute malnutrition that has harmful short-term consequences for children and it is determined by inadequate diet. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of wasting among children age 6-59 months at Debre Tabor town Ethiopia, 2019.Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on wasting using simple and systematic random sampling. A sample of 436participants completed a questionnaire designed for the study. The questionnaire was coded and entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1 and exported to SPSS 20.0 for data analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to compute family wealth status. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to see which independent variables have an association with the dependent variable, and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant at 95% CI.Results: The result revealed that wasting for children age 6-59 months was 6.2 %( 95% CI 3.9%-8.5 %,). Children with the age group of 6-11 months were 4.3 times more likely to have wasted than those age group of 24-59 months [AOR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.5–12.5]. Similarly, parents who have poor wealth status in their family are 3.1 times more likely to have wasted children than those who have rich wealth status in their family [AOR: 3.1 (1.01–9.35)]. Mothers who gave first birth at the age group of 20-25 years of age were 4.3 times more likely to have wasted children than those who gave birth at an age group of greater than 30 years [AOR: (4.3(1.56-12.5)].Conclusion: Undernutrition especially wasting is still an important public health problem in children with an age group of 6-59 months. Age of the child, wealth status of the family, and giving the first birth before 20 years of age were significantly associated with wasting. Therefore, family wealth status should be modified, create awareness to the mothers regarding maternal and child health care and responsible bodies should be designed for further nutritional intervention programs.
Triangular Policy Inference from Renewable Energy, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Urbanization Towards Climate Goal: Insight from Indonesia
Authors: Udemba Edmund Ntom , Philip Lucy Davou
Published: September 2021

This is an expository study towards ascertaining the ability of Indonesia in mitigating carbon emission. Indonesia is positioned as among the best performing economies in Southeast Asia because of its vigorous fiscal management and sustained economic growth over the years. The country’s foreign investment inflow increased to 14% in 2019, largely in gas, electricity, water, and transportation because of the viability of its macroeconomic reforms. To test the environmental implication of this macroeconomic performance of Indonesia and to see its ability to achieve carbon neutrality, we adopt Indonesian quarterly data of 1990Q1- 2018Q4 for empirical analysis. Relevance Instruments in the economic performance of Indonesia such as urbanization, foreign direct investment (FDI) and renewable energy source are all adopted for accurate estimations and analysis of this topic. Different approaches such as structural break test, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)-bounds testing and granger causality are all adopted in this study. Our analysis and policy recommendations are based on short run and long run ARDL dynamics and granger causality. Findings from ARDL confirmed, negative relationship between carbon emission and renewable energy source, FDI and urbanization. Also, a U-shape instead of inverted U-shape EKC is found confirming the impeding implication of Indonesian economic growth to its environmental performance if not checkmate. From granger causality analysis, all the variables are seen transmitting to urbanization in a one-way causal relationship. Also, FDI and renewable energy prove to be essential determinants of the country’s environment development, hence, FDI is seen transmitting to both energy source (fossil fuels and renewables) in a one- way causal relationship. Renewable energy is as well seen having two ways causal relationship with both carbon emission and fossil fuels. This result has equally exposed the significant position of the three instruments (urbanization, FDI and renewable energy source) in Indonesia environment development.
Analysis of Risk Factors of Multiorgan Failure After Pericardiectomy For Constrictive Pericarditis
Authors: Huang Jing-bin , Wen Zhao-ke , Yang Jian-rong , Li Jun-jun , Li Min , Lu Chang-chao , Liang Da-ying , Wei Cheng-xin
Published: September 2021

Background: We aimed to investigate risk factors of multiorgan failure following pericardiectomy.Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients undergoing pericardiectomy between January 1994 and May 2021 at three hospitals.Results: 826 patients were included in the study and divided into two groups: group with multiorgan failure (n=86) and group without multiorgan failure (n=740). There were 86 patients with multiorgan failure (86/826, 10.4%). There were 66 operative deaths (66/826, 8.0%). The causes of operative deaths were multiorgan failure (86/826, 10.4%), including cardiogenic shock + AKI + ventricular fibrillation (15/86), cardiogenic shock + AKI (46/86), cardiogenic shock + AKI + hepatic failure + septicemia (10/86), cardiogenic shock + AKI + respiratory failure (15/86). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed the factors associated with multiorgan failure, including male (P=0.006), time between symptoms and surgery (P＜0.001), thickness of pericardium (P＜0.001), intubation time (P＜0.001), ICU retention time (P＜0.001), hospitalized time postoperative (P＜0.001), preoperative central venous pressure (P＜0.001), postoperative central venous pressure (P＜0.001), D0 fluid balance (P＜0.001), D2 fluid balance (P＜0.001), postoperative chest drainage (P＜0.001), preoperative LVEDD(P＜0.001), postoperative LVEDD (P＜0.001), surgical duration (P＜0.001), bleeding during operation (P＜0.001), serum creatinine 24h after surgery (P=0.042), serum creatinine 48h after surgery (P＜0.001), fresh-frozen plasma (P＜0.001), packed red cells (P＜0.001), blood lactate (P＜0.001).Conclusion: In our study, incomplete pericardial dissection, fluid overload, delayed diagnosis and treatment are associated with multiorgan failure following pericardiectomy.
Circulating Exosomal hsa_circRNA_0039480 is Highly Expressed in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and May Be Served As A Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of GDM
Authors: Jiang Bao , Zhang Junfeng , Sun Xiubin , Yang Chunyan , Cheng Guanghui , Xu Mengru , Li Siyuan , Wang Lina
Published: September 2021

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) seriously affects the health of mothers and babies, and there are still no effective early diagnostic markers. Therefore, it is necessary to find diagnostic biomarkers for screening GDM in early pregnancy. Circular RNA (circRNA) is more stable than linear RNA, and can be encapsulated in exosomes and participate in the pathological process of various diseases, which makes it a better candidate biomarker for various diseases. In this study, we attempted to identify the exosomal circRNA biomarkers for detecting early GDM.Methods: We performed microarray analysis to compare the plasma exosomal circRNA expression profiles of three GDM patients 48 hours before and 48 hours after delivery. The repeatability of the expression of circRNAs were randomly validated by RT-PCR analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between circRNAs and circRNA-OGTT level. ROC curve was established to assess the diagnostic value of circRNAs for GDM at different stages.Results: Plasma exosomal hsa_circRNA_0039480 and hsa_circRNA_0026497 were highly expressed in GDM patients before delivery(P<0.05). The hsa_circRNA_0039480 expression was higher for GDM group than NGT group at different stages, and was also positively correlated with OGTT during the second trimester (P<0.05). The expression of hsa_circRNA_0026497 was higher for GDM group during the third, and second trimesters. And there was a strong correlation between two circRNAs in GDM patients during the first-trimester (r =0.496, P=0.014). Hsa_circRNA_0039480 showed significant diagnostic value in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy (AUC = 0.704, P=0.005; AUC = 0.898, P < 0.001 and AUC = 0.698, P= 0.001, respectively). Notably, the combination of hsa_circRNA_0039480 and hsa_circRNA_0026497 exhibited promising discriminative effect on GDM in the first trimesters (AUC=0.754, P < 0.001).Conclusion: Plasma exosomal hsa_cirRNA_0039480 is highly expressed in GDM patients and may be served as a candidate biomarker for early detection of GDM.
Flexible Endoscopic Treatment of Esophageal Diverticulum: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Quan , Zhu Sumin
Published: September 2021

BackgroundIn the past, surgical resection was the only treatment available for esophageal diverticulum. Minimally invasive endoscopic treatment of esophageal diverticulum has become more and more popular in recent years. We reported a case of transoral endoscopic resection of esophageal diverticulum and crestectomy, which had a similar effect to surgery and retained the physiological function of the esophagus. It has the advantages of short procedure time, short hospital stay, and good long-term prognosis.Case presentationA 67-year-old gentleman presented with persistent dysphagia and repeated nausea and vomiting for 2 years. Combined with chest CT, barium esophagography and esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the diagnosis was a mid-esophageal diverticulum. After discussion and communication, the patient underwent oral endoscopic esophageal diverticulectomy. During the operation, the weak area of the bottom muscle layer of the diverticulum was completely removed, and the crest of the diverticulum was cut off, and the kiss suture was performed with titanium clips to reduce tension. After the operation, the right pleural effusion occurred and the lung infection was aggravated, and the right pleural drainage tube was placed to relieve the symptoms. An 18*100mm fully covered metal stent was placed under a gastroscope. Place the duodenal nutrition tube and the gastric tube drainage tube for vacuum suction. After a long period of fasting, enteral nutrition support, adequate postoperative drainage treatment and antibiotic treatment eventually l resulted in full recovery without recurrence.ConclusionThe selection of treatment for esophageal diverticulum needs to refer to many factors. For the middle esophageal diverticulum, especially those with large diverticulum sac and small mouth, and those who have indications for surgery, in addition to selective surgery and conventional endoscopic surgery, you can also try endoscopic diverticulectomy and crestectomy.
Movement Quality Parameters During Gait Assessed by a Single Accelerometer in Subjects with Osteoarthritis and Following Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Emmerzaal Jill , Corten Kristoff , Straaten Rob van der , De Baets Liesbet , Rossom Sam Van , Timmermans Annick , Jonkers Ilse , Vanwanseele Benedicte
Published: September 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate which of movement quality parameters measured with a single trunk worn Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) can distinguish the gait pattern of people with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA) compared to asymptomatic controls. Secondly, we evaluated the sensitivity of these parameters to capture gait changes at 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Thirdly, we investigated whether observed changes in movement quality from 6 weeks and 12 months following total knee arthroplasty were related to changes in patient-reported outcome measures.Methods: Twenty people with hip OA, 18 people with knee OA, and 20 asymptomatic controls participated in this study. Seventeen people with knee OA were treated with a TKA and additionally followed for one year postoperatively. The participants were equipped with a single trunk-worn IMU and were instructed to walk back and forth along a 10m walkway at a self-selected speed. The movement quality parameters (quantified by symmetry—step/stride regularity; complexity—Sample entropy; smoothness—Log Dimensionless Jerk; and dynamic stability—maximum Lyapunov Exponent) were calculated from the raw 3D acceleration signal. Comparisons were made between groups and between timepoints in the TKA patients. Finally, changes in movement quality were correlated with patient-reported outcomes in the TKA group.Results: We found significant group differences in movement symmetry and stability pre-operatively. Post-TKA, all parameters, except movement smoothness, reflected an initial decrease in movement quality at 6 weeks post-TKA, but all except movement complexity, normalised after 6 months. Moreover, improved movement quality (6 weeks-12 months post-TKA) related to improvements in patient-reported outcome measures.Conclusions: A single lower back IMU can characterise movement quality before and after a total joint arthroplasty. Most symmetry measures recovered but a more unstable, less complex gait pattern was observed at follow-up. The correlation between these parameters and patient-reported outcome measures shows the potential to monitor movement quality in a clinical setting to inform objective data driven personalised rehabilitation of quantified gait symmetry, stability, complexity, and smoothness.
The Regulatory Effects of The Combined Dietary Supplementation of Essential Oils And Organic Acids On The Microbial Communities of Cobb Broilers.
Authors: Qiao Jiayun , Shang Zhiyuan , Liu Xuejiao , Wang Kewei , Wu Zhiwei , Wei Qing , Li Haihua
Published: September 2021

Background: The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes in pathogenic microorganisms have led to many countries enacting restricted use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed. The combined use of essential oils and organic acids can help maintain intestinal health, improve animal growth performance, and alleviate the negative effects of banned antibiotics for certain economically important animals. However, the modes of action for the combined dietary supplementation of essential oils and organic acids (thymol-citric acid; EOA1, and thymol-butyric acid; EOA2) remain unclear, although it is speculated that their activities are achieved through beneficial modulation of gastrointestinal microbial communities and the inhibition of pathogen growth. In this study, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the effects of treatment with EOA1 and EOA2 on the jejunal, cecal, and fecal microbial communities of Cobb broilers (using enramycin and virginiamycin as positive controls) while also evaluating effects over different broiler ages (14, 28, 35, and 42 days old). Results: We found that the intestinal microbial communities of the broilers developed with increasing age, while Lactobacillus gradually came to dominate intestinal communities. Further, the microbial communities of feces were more complex than in the jejuna and ceca. The longitudinal changes in these communities were systematically explored for broilers of different ages. The addition of EOA1 or EOA2 to the diet: 1) inhibited the proliferation of Ralstonia pickettii and Alcaligenaceae in jejuna on the 28th day, 2) promoted the colonization and growth of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus, Clostridia, and Bacteroidia at various growth stages, and 3) enriched the abundances of certain microbiota functions including biological pathways related to metabolism (e.g., enzyme families).Conclusions: EOA1 and EOA2 dietary supplementation can affect various microbial metabolic pathways related to the metabolism and absorption of nutrients via the regulation of intestinal microbial community structures of Cobb broilers, while also playing an important role in promoting host growth.
Hen-Day Egg Production and Qualitative Egg Indices in Laying Hens Administered with Lycopene and Vitamin E During the Hot-Dry Season
Authors: Obidi Joseph Ayodele , Ayo Joseph Olusegun , Rekwot Peter Ibrahim , Onyeanusi Barth Izuchukwu
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of lycopene and vitamin E, administered individually and in combination, on laying hens during the hot-dry season. The dry-and wet-bulb temperature were recorded daily from 06:00–18:00 h during the 5-week experimental period. Daily and weekly hen-day egg productions, egg weight, eggshell thickness and eggshell weight were determined using standard procedures. The dry-bulb temperature (23.0°C – 39.0°C) and temperature - heat index (24.4°C − 35.0°C) recorded show that the hens were subjected to heat stress during the season. Egg production in the laying hens in lycopene (62.4 ± 1.1 %), vitamin E (62.1 ± 1.2%) and lycopene + vitamin E (62.7 ± 1.0 %) groups were higher (P < 0.05) than in controls (56.0 ± 0.8%). Eggshell was thickest in lycopene + vitamin E group (0.28 ± 0.02 mm), compared to lycopene (0.23 ± 0.02 mm) and vitamin E group (0.22 ± 0.02 mm). The thickness was lowest (P < 0.05) in control hens (0.18 ± 0.02 mm), compared to any other group. Similarly, control laying hens recorded the least (P < 0.05) in eggshell weight (6.7 ± 0.02 g), compared to the weights recorded in lycopene + vitamin E, lycopene and vitamin E groups (7.3 ± 0.24 g, 7.3 ± 0.3 g and 7.2 ± 0.3 g, respectively). In conclusion, lycopene and vitamin E ameliorated the risk of adverse effects of heat stress by increasing hen-day production, eggshell weight and eggshell thickness during the hot-dry season.
Safety and Efficacy of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Pneumonectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qi Kai , Zeng Weibiao , Zheng Li , Chen Xianglai , Song Chao , Peng Jinhua , Luo Guiping , Liu Xinliang , Ma Haiping , Zhang Jing , Jianjun Xu
Published: September 2021

Background: The ERAS program has been widely used in thoracic surgery, but its effectiveness and safety in patients undergoing minimally invasive pneumonectomy remains uncertain.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct for studies published through April 5, 2021, that compared the Safety and Efficacy of ERAS versus conventional care after minimally invasive pneumonectomy. Outcome data, including length of stay, overall morbidity, and pulmonary complications, were extracted by two independent investigators and analyzed using STATA 15.1 software.Results: 9 studies representing 2,332 patients were eligible for our analysis. Compared to conventional care, patients receiving an ERAS program had a shorter hospital stay (SMD=-0.51, 95％CI: -0.77to-0.24), particularly postoperative hospital stay (SMD=-0.76, 95％CI: -1.07to-0.46), and lower incidence rates of overall complications (OR= 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.97) and pulmonary complications (OR= 0.51, 95%CI: 0.34-0.77), and bore less hospitalization costs (SMD=-0.39, 95％CI：-0.52 to -0.25). But there was no difference in the frequency of readmission (OR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.57-1.45) and 30-day mortality (OR=0.50, 95％CI: 0.13-2.00) between patients accepting ERAS versus conventional care. In subgroup analysis, the incidence of overall complications in ERAS patients only undergoing minimally invasive lobectomy or segmentectomy was significantly lower versus non-ERAS individuals (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.50-0.89). But this difference was not statistically significant when compared to all ERAS patients (OR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.69-1.25).Conclusion: ERAS is safe and effective in patients receiving minimally invasive pneumonectomy. Stronger evidence from large-sample, multicenter RCTs of ERAS following pneumonectomy is needed for better efficacy assessment.
Arabidopsis GELP7 is plasma membrane-localized acetyl xylan esterase, and its overexpression improves saccharification efficiency.
Authors: Rastogi Lavi , Chaudhari Aniket Anant , Sharma Raunak , Pawar Prashant
Published: September 2021

Acetyl substitution on the xylan chain is critical for stable interaction with cellulose and other cell wall polymers in the secondary cell wall. Xylan acetylation pattern is governed by Golgi and extracellular localized acetyl xylan esterase (AXE). We investigated the role of Arabidopsis clade Id from the GDSL esterase/lipase or GELP family in polysaccharide deacetylation. The investigation of the AtGELP7 T-DNA mutant line showed a decrease in stem esterase activity and an increase in stem acetyl content. We further generated overexpressor AtGELP7 transgenic lines, and these lines showed a decrease in xylan acetylation in comparison with wild type plants. Therefore, we have named this enzyme as AtAXE1. The subcellular localization studies showed that the AtAXE1 enzyme is secreted out, associated with the plasma membrane and involved in xylan de-esterification post-synthesis. The cellulose digestibility was improved in AtAXE1 overexpressor lines without pre-treatment, after alkali and xylanases pre-treatment. Furthermore, we have also established that the AtGELP7 gene is upregulated in the overexpressor line of AtMYB46, which is a secondary cell wall specific transcription factor. This transcriptional regulation can drive AtGELP7 or AtAXE1 to perform de-esterification of xylan in a tissue-specific manner.
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Assessment Used As a Non-Invasive Tool To Dynamically Monitor Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Wu Guo-Biao , Tian Jun , Liu Xiao-Bing , Wang Zhi-Yong , Guo Jian-Ying
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to detect whether optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) can be used to dynamically monitor intracranial pressure (ICP). Methods: Adult patients being monitored for invasive ICP on day one after hospital admission were included. For each patient, ONSD was first measured in the supine position, then at the 30° head-up position. The dynamic test was conducted in 16 patients. The ONSD was measured in the supine position once a day for three continuous days (day one to day three after admission).Results: The ONSD and ICP values obtained in the supine position on admission were strongly correlated (r of 0.799). When patients changed their position from supine to the 30° head-up position, the ICP and ONSD values decreased correspondingly. However, the change in ICP did not correlate well with the change in ONSD (r of 0.358). In the dynamic test, a good agreement between ICP and ONSD only existed in three (18.75%) patients. In addition, three patients had completely different profiles for ICP and ONSD.Conclusions: The results suggest that the changes in ONSD and ICP values were not correlated well after dynamic observation. Measurement of ONSD may not be a suitable tool to dynamically monitor ICP.
The Global, Regional, and National Burden and Trends of Infective Endocarditis From 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Chen Huilong , Zhan Yuan , Zhang Kaimin , Gao Yiping , Chen Liyuan , Zhan Juan , Chen Zirui , Zeng Zhilin
Published: September 2021

Objective: To compare and interpret the infective endocarditis (IE) burden and temporal trends globally and in different regions from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Data on the incidences, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of IE were extracted and analysed from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Results: Globally, the number of IE cases and deaths has increased sharply during the past thirty years, and both presented an upward temporal trend annually. However, the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) of age-standardized DALYs demonstrated a negative temporal trend despite increasing DALYs. Moreover, graver IE burden was prone to males and aged patients. Meanwhile, different social-demographic index (SDI) regions had different disease burdens, and correlation analyses indicated that SDI presented a positive association with ASIR, no association with ASDR, and a negative association with age-standardized DALYs. Finally, we discovered positive associations of the EAPC of ASRs with the SDI in 2019 but few associations with the ASIR in 1990.Conclusion: Generally, the global burden of IE is ever increasing, and the epidemiology presents substantial heterogeneity in different genders, ages and regions, which may help policy-makers and medical staff respond to IE and formulate cost-effective interventional measures.
WITHDRAWN: An Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Network Based on Progressive Gaussian Approximate Filter with Variable Step Size
Authors: Zhu Guorui
Published: September 2021

The nonlinear filtering problem is a hot spot in robot navigation research. Based on this idea, I focus on how to resolve the nonlinear filtering problem in the application of tightly coupled integration under the premise of the prior uncertainty and further promote robustness high measurement accuracy. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the progressive Gaussian approximate filter with variable step size(PGAFVS), this paper selects the optimal values in practical applications and proposed an adaptive fuzzy and neural network controller. The controller, as well as the measurement noise covariance matrix, is jointly estimated based on the PGAF, from which the PGAFVS is developed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state of the art methods.
Two Public-Key Cryptosystems Based on Expanded Gabidulin Codes
Authors: Guo Wenshuo , Fu Fang-Wei
Published: September 2021

This paper presents two public-key cryptosystems based on the so-called expanded Gabidulin codes, which are constructed by expanding Gabidulin codes over the base field. Exploiting the fast decoder of Gabidulin codes, we propose an efficient algorithm to decode these new codes when the noise vector satisfies a certain condition. Additionally, these new codes have an excellent error-correcting capability because of the optimality of their parent Gabidulin codes. Based on different masking techniques, we give two encryption schemes by using expanded Gabidulin codes in the McEliece setting. According to our analysis, these two cryptosystems can both resist the existing structural attacks. Furthermore, our proposals also have an obvious advantage in public-key representation without using the cyclic or quasi-cyclic structure compared to some other code-based cryptosystems. To achieve the security of 256 bits, for instance, a public-key size of 37005 bytes is enough for our first proposal, while around 1044992 bytes are needed for Classic McEliece selected as a candidate of the third round of the NIST PQC project.
Clonal Spread of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Region, China
Authors: Yin Changfu , Yang Weiwei , Lv Yuanpeng , Zhao Peng , Wang Jiansheng
Published: September 2021

Background
The increasing number of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) has become a serious problem globally. This study aimed to elucidate their geographically epidemiological characteristics.
Results
A total of 930 phenotypically confirmed carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolates collected from 19 hospitals were genotypically characterised. K.pneumoniae (KP) and E.coli isolates were 785 (85.14%) and 96 (10.41%) among 922 CPE isolates. Two major carbapenemase genes KPC-2 and NDM in CPE isolates accounted for 84.6% (n = 780) and 13.77% (n = 127). ST11 comprised 86.83% (633/729) of KPC-2 KP isolates. The wzi typing method could further subdivide ST11 KP group into at least five subgroups, among which wzi209 (69.83%, 442/633) was the most frequently isolated, followed by wzi141 (25.28%, 160/633). Conjugation assays showed that high conjugation rates were observed in CPE (15.24%, 32/210) for NDM plasmids, but relatively low (8.1%, 17/210) for KPC-2 plasmids. No associations between the rates of antibiotics consumption and CPE prevalence were observed. The number of intra-hospital and inter-hospital transfers of CPE patients increased gradually from 18 (17.82%, 101) and 12 (11.88%, 101) in 2015 to 63 (30.73%, 205) and 51 (24.88%, 205) in 2018 (p = 0.016 and p = 0.008), respectively. Evidence-based measures could effectively reduce the prevalence of ST11-wzi209 clone but failed to control the dissemination of ST11-wzi141 KP clone.
Conclusions
Clonal spread of CPE, especially KPC-2 ST11 KP was the key factor contributing to the CPE increase in the region. Continued vigilance for the importations should be maintained. Coordinated regional interventions are urgently needed to reduce CPE threat.
Paenibacillus Sinensis sp. nov., a Nitrogen-fixing Species Isolated from Plant Rhizospheres
Authors: Li Qin , Li Yashi , Liu Xiaomeng , Chen San-Feng
Published: September 2021

Two strains HN-1T and 39 were isolated from rhizospheres of different plants grown in different regions of PR China. The two strains exhibited high nitrogenase activities and possessed almost identical 16S rRNA gene sequences. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the two strains were 99.9 and 93.8% respectively, suggesting that they belong to one species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strains HN-1T and 39 are the members of the genus Paenibacillus and both strains exhibited 99.5% similarity to Paenibacillus stellifer DSM 14472T and the both strains represented a separate lineage from all other Paenibacillus species. However, the ANI of type strain HN-1T with P. stellifer DSM 14472T was 90.69, which was below the recommended threshold value (< 95–96% ANI). The dDDH showed 42.1% relatedness between strain HN-1T and P. stellifer DSM 14472T, which was lower than the recommended threshold value (dDDH < 70%). The strain HN-1T contain anteiso-C15:0 as major fatty acids and MK-7 as predominant isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four aminophospholipids and an unidentified glycolipid. Unlike the most closely related P. stellifer DSM 14472T, strain HN-1T or 39 was positive for catalase reaction. Distinct phenotypic and genomic characterisations from previously described taxa support the classification of strains HN-1T or 39 as representatives of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sinensis is proposed, with type strains HN-1T (= CGMCC 1.18902, JCM 34620), and reference strain 39 (= CGMCC 1.18879, JCM 34616), respectively.
“I Always Prefer To Withdraw Than Use A Condom”: A Phenomenological Study of Condomless Sexual Practice Among International Students in Sydney
Authors: Okeke Sylvester Reuben
Published: September 2021

Background:
Incidence and prevalence of blood-borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections among young people continue to necessitate population-based studies to understand how contextualised sexual health services can be developed and implemented to promote protective behaviours such as consistent condom use. This study examined condomless sexual practice among a sample of East Asian and sub-Saharan African international university students in Sydney, Australia.
Methods:
This phenomenological qualitative study involved face-to-face and telephone semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 international students from various universities in Sydney. The interview sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded using NVivo and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results:
Condomless sexual practices appear to be common among the study group based on participants’ self-reports and social practices of friends and peers. Themes describing contexts where condomless sex occur among the participants are classified into three: (1) unanticipated sex, condom related stigma and alcohol use (2) pleasure-seeking, curiosity and intimacy (3) condomless sex as a gendered practice.
Conclusions:
The results of this study add to growing evidence for multi-layered and population-specific sexual health services for international students from traditional sexual cultures.