bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wearing a breathable T‐shirt does not affect thermoregulatory responses during exercise under hot conditions
Authors: Kato Hanano , Okamoto Yumi , Otsuka Junto , Tajima Kazuya , Shiraishi Atsushi , Shiramoto Ai , Amano Tatsuro
Published: May 2024

Sweat absorbed by clothing forms a moisture film on fabric surfaces, reducing fabric breathability and disrupting thermoregulation during exercise in a hot environment. We investigated whether T‐shirts made from a newly developed fabric with hydrophobic and water‐repellent fibers near the through holes could prevent sweat film formation, thereby enhancing intraclothing microclimate and thermoregulatory responses. Thirteen male runners completed 30‐min treadmill sessions at moderate and high intensities while wearing either the new fabric T‐shirt (Dry Aeroflow, DAF) or a polyester T‐shirt (CONT) at an ambient temperature of 32°C and a relative humidity of 50% with an air velocity of 0.8 m/s. Compared with CONT, intraclothing humidity was decreased on the chest and back, and chest but not back skin temperature was decreased by 2°C in DAF. However, thermoregulatory key variables such as rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, sweat rates, and heart rate did not differ between the T‐shirts. We concluded that the a T‐shirt with enhanced breathability does not affect overall thermoregulatory response during exercise in the heat despite the partial improvements in intraclothing microclimate and in reducing local skin temperature.
Data on femicides: Where do we stand?
Authors: Bellizzi Saverio , Nivoli Alessandra
Published: May 2024

Synopsis

Accessibility and consistency of femicide data have advanced in the last decade, but substantial data deficiencies persist that hinder tracking of trends over time.
Second‐generation antipsychotic quetiapine blocks voltage‐dependent potassium channels in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zhuang Wenwen , Mun Seo‐Yeong , Park Minju , Jeong Junsu , Kim Hye Ryung , Park Hongzoo , Han Eun‐Taek , Han Jin‐Hee , Chun Wanjoo , Li Hongliang , Park Won Sun
Published: May 2024

Voltage‐dependent K+ (Kv) channels play an important role in restoring the membrane potential to its resting state, thereby maintaining vascular tone. In this study, native smooth muscle cells from rabbit coronary arteries were used to investigate the inhibitory effect of quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, on Kv channels. Quetiapine showed a concentration‐dependent inhibition of Kv channels, with an IC50 of 47.98 ± 9.46 μM. Although quetiapine (50 μM) did not alter the steady‐state activation curve, it caused a negative shift in the steady‐state inactivation curve. The application of 1 and 2 Hz train steps in the presence of quetiapine significantly increased the inhibition of Kv current. Moreover, the recovery time constants from inactivation were prolonged in the presence of quetiapine, suggesting that its inhibitory action on Kv channels is use (state)‐dependent. The inhibitory effects of quetiapine were not significantly affected by pretreatment with Kv1.5, Kv2.1, and Kv7 subtype inhibitors. Based on these findings, we conclude that quetiapine inhibits Kv channels in both a concentration‐ and use (state)‐dependent manner. Given the physiological significance of Kv channels, caution is advised in the use of quetiapine as an antipsychotic due to its potential side effects on cardiovascular Kv channels.
Investigating the role of rotenone on human blood platelets: Molecular insights into abnormal platelet functions in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Beura Samir Kumar , Sahoo Gaurahari , Yadav Sonika , Yadav Pooja , Panigrahi Abhishek Ramachandra , Singh Sunil Kumar
Published: May 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a predominant neuromotor disorder characterized by the selective death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. The majority of PD cases are sporadic or idiopathic, with environmental toxins and pollutants potentially contributing to its development or exacerbation. However, clinical PD patients are often associated with a reduced stroke frequency, where circulating blood platelets are indispensable. Although platelet structural impairment is evident in PD, the platelet functional alterations and their underlying molecular mechanisms are still obscure. Therefore, we investigated rotenone (ROT), an environmental neurotoxin that selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons mimicking PD, on human blood platelets to explore its impact on platelet functions, thus replicating PD conditions in vitro. Our study deciphered that ROT decreased thrombin‐induced platelet functions, including adhesion, activation, secretion, and aggregation in human blood platelets. As ROT is primarily responsible for generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS is a key player regulating the platelet functional parameters, we went on to check the effect of ROT on platelet ROS production. In our investigation, it became evident that ROT treatment resulted in the stimulation of ROS production in human blood platelets. Additionally, we discovered that ROT induced ROS production by augmenting Ca2+ mobilization from inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor. Apart from this, the treatment of ROT triggers protein kinase C associated NADPH oxidase‐mediated ROS production in platelets. In summary, this research, for the first time, highlights ROT‐induced abnormal platelet functions and may provide a mechanistic insight into the altered platelet activities observed in PD patients.
Effects of coating technique on the physicochemical properties and structure of MoS2‐TiO2/PVDF‐PES for membrane distillation application
Authors: Fuzil Nurul Syazana , Othman Nur Hidayati , Alias Nur Hashimah , Mat Shayuti Muhammad Shafiq , Shahruddin Munawar Zaman , Marpani Fauziah , Lau Woei Jye , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan , Kusworo Tutuk Djoko , Abidin Sumaiya Zainal , Ul‐Hamid Anwar , Rahman Norazah Abd
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Membrane distillation (MD) for desalination encounters significant hurdles as a result of pore wetting, leading to reduced permeate flux or deterioration in permeate quality over time. Therefore, membranes used in MD must be highly hydrophobic to prevent liquid from entering the pores and contaminating the permeate stream. In this study, a thin layer of MoS2‐TiO2 composite was coated using poly (DOPA) as an adhesive to enhance attachment. Two coating methods, interlinking and layering, were compared to determine the most effective method for forming a thin hydrophobic coating layer onto PVDF‐PES hollow fiber membrane.

RESULTS

Interestingly, this study revealed that increasing the number of dipping cycles led to higher flux, defying conventional expectations. This unexpected outcome is likely to have resulted from the thicker coatings creating a more hydrophobic surface, reducing water molecule adhesion and preventing wetting. Consequently, the membrane demonstrated enhanced flux despite its increased thickness. Among the membranes tested, the MoS2‐TiO2/PVDF‐PES membrane coated using the layering method exhibited the best performance, leading to a flux of 2.06 kg m−2 h−1 and 99.99% salt rejection. This superior performance can also be attributed to the membrane's hydrophobic properties, evident in its water contact angle (WCA) of 99°. By contrast, the interlinking method resulted in lower performance, with a permeate flux of 1.70 kg m−2 h−1 and 99.96% salt rejection, which is likely to have resulted from its lower WCA of 86°.

CONCLUSION

The findings from this study suggest that the coating method has the potential to greatly improve membrane distillation performance through wettability modification rather than altering membrane porosity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
EDTA functionalized pine needle biochar (EDTA@BC); a valorized bio‐material for removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution
Authors: Rasheed Aamir , Rasheed Faiza , Kayani Waqas Khan , Jawad Muhammad , Ghous Tahseen , Irshad Muhammad
Published: May 2024

The preparation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) functionalized pine needles biochar (EDTA@BC) as a low‐cost active adsorbent and its effectiveness in removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution at various conditions is reported in this paper. First, alkali activation was selected to render the pine needle biochar with an excellent porous structure and increased concentration of hydroxyl groups to facilitate grafting. Subsequently, a simple method was utilized to graft EDTA onto the biochar. The prepared EDTA@BC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometry (EDX). Batch adsorption studies were conducted to assess the impact of various parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate volume, and shaking time on the removal efficiency of Ni(II). At pH 6, 100 mg dosage, 4 mL of adsorbate volume, and 10 min of shaking time, the maximum removal efficiency of Ni(II) was observed to be 89%. EDTA@BC showed reasonable sorption performance still after the third cycle of regeneration. The effect of interfering ions such as Pb, Cr, Cu, and Hg was evaluated, resulting a decrease of 69%, 78%, 76%, and 68%, respectively, in its sorption capacity. The Langmuir model provided a better fit for Ni(II) in the concentration range of 0.1–2000 ppm under optimized conditions, with qmax of 46.69 ± 1.031 mg/g and KL of 0.001, compared with the Freundlich isotherm, which yielded n = 0.234 and χ2 = 2.7899, Temkin isotherm (R2 = 0.9520), and Redlich‐Peterson isotherm (R2 = 0.9725). The removal of Ni(II) by EDTA@BC was found to be the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Thermodynamic studies indicated adsorption process to be endothermic and nonspontaneous. Hence, a sustainable valorized bio‐material (EDTA@BC) is prepared having better sorption efficiency of Ni(II) from aqueous solution with possible wide applicability.

Research Highlights

New EDTA functionalized indigenous pine needles biochar (EDTA@BC) was prepared.

This low‐cost active adsorbent found effective in removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution.

FTIR, SEM, and EDX proved synthesis and uptake of Ni(II) from aqueous solution.

Ni(II) removal, regeneration, interfering and adsorption studies were performed by UV–Vis spectroscopy.
Predictors of operative management in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Au Amos , Yii Erwin , Andric Ana , Wong Jennifer , Saunder Alan , Yii Ming
Published: May 2024

Background & Aims

Surgery plays a key role in the management of complicated diabetic foot disease (DFD). Currently, indications for medical versus surgical management are poorly defined. Prompt identification of patients who require surgery may reduce morbidities and length of hospital stay. This study aims to analyse factors in DFD that necessitate early surgical interventions.

Methods

All patients admitted under a multi‐disciplinary diabetic foot team in a tertiary institution over 2 years were included in a retrospective case‐control study comparing patients who received medical management and patients who received surgical management. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with surgical management of diabetic foot complications.

Results

Three hundred and forty patients were included. 49% of patients required surgical management. Toe ulceration, elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP), and the presence of osteomyelitis were associated with surgical management. Multivariate analysis calculated an odds ratio (OR) of 1.01 for CRP (p < 0.001), OR 2.19 (p < 0.019) favouring surgical management for forefoot ulcers, and OR 2.2 (p < 0.019) if osteomyelitis was present.

Conclusions

Patients with elevated CRP levels, a forefoot diabetic ulcer and established osteomyelitis were more likely to undergo surgical management. Prompt recognition of these patients has the potential benefit of earlier decision making in definitive surgical interventions.
Small programs, big challenges: Reimagining the evaluation of clinical teaching in genetic counseling
Authors: Randall Armel Susan
Published: May 2024

Within the health professions education system, a significant proportion of teaching and learning occurs in the clinical setting. As such, the need to measure effective teaching for accreditation standards, faculty development, merit pay, academic promotion, and for monitoring the safety of the learning environment has led to numerous universities developing instruments to evaluate teaching effectiveness in this context. To date; however, these instruments typically focus on the student perspective, despite evidence demonstrating that student evaluations of teaching (SETs) lack correlation with learning outcomes and are not a true measure of teaching effectiveness. This issue is further exacerbated in small health professional training programs, such as genetic counseling, where clinical teachers may only supervise 1–3 students per year. As a result, not only are SETs more confounded due to small sample sizes, but a direct conflict exists between respecting learner anonymity and providing timely and relevant feedback to faculty. In such contexts, even using SETs to evaluate the nature of the learning environment may be unreliable due to student concerns about identifiability and fear of retaliation for unfavorable evaluation. This paper will review the literature regarding SETs, barriers to this process within the clinical setting, and the unintended downstream consequences. Options for addressing issues related to the use of SETs will be considered, with particular focus on the process of reflection and the use of teaching consultations or peer support groups as a means to improve teaching effectiveness in this learning environment.
Effect of genetic polymorphisms of interleukin‐1 beta on the microscopic portal vein invasion and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Namba Yosuke , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Tadokoro Takeshi , Fukuhara Sotaro , Oshita Ko , Matsubara Keiso , Honmyo Naruhiko , Kuroda Shintaro , Ohira Masahiro , Ohdan Hideki
Published: May 2024

Background

Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between genetic polymorphisms of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and cancer development; however, their influence on cancer prognosis is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of IL‐1β single nucleotide polymorphisms on the hematogenous dissemination and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent primary liver resection at our hospital between April 2015 and December 2018. The primary endpoints were overall and recurrence‐free survival. Secondary endpoints were microscopic portal vein invasion and number of circulating tumor cells.

Results

A total of 148 patients were included, 32 with rs16944 A/A genotype. A/A genotype was associated with microscopic portal vein invasion and number of circulating tumor cells (p = .03 and .04). In multivariate analysis, A/A genotype, alpha‐fetoprotein level, and number of circulating tumor cells were associated with microscopic portal vein invasion (p = .01, .01, and <.01). A/A genotype, Child‐Pugh B, and intraoperative blood loss were independent predictive factors for overall survival (p = .02, <.01, and <.01).

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the IL‐1β rs16944 A/A genotype is involved in number of circulating tumor cells, microscopic portal vein invasion, and prognosis in HCC.
Incidence and risk factors for central venous access device failure in hospitalized adults: A multivariable analysis of 1892 catheters
Authors: Corley Amanda , Royle Ruth H. , Marsh Nicole , Larsen Emily N. , Playford E. Geoffrey , McGrail Matthew R. , Runnegar Naomi , Ware Robert S. , Gavin Nicole C. , Alexandrou Evan , Murgo Marghie , Gowardman John R. , Regli Adrian , Rickard Claire M.
Published: May 2024

Background

Central venous access devices (CVADs) allow intravenous therapy, haemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling but many fail before therapy completion.

Objective

To quantify CVAD failure and complications; and identify risk factors.

Designs, Settings, and Participants

Secondary analysis of multicentre randomised controlled trial including patients aged ≥16 years with a non‐tunnelled CVAD (NTCVAD), peripherally‐inserted central catheter (PICC) or tunnelled CVAD (TCVAD). Primary outcome was incidence of all‐cause CVAD failure (central line‐associated bloodstream infection [CLABSI], occlusion, accidental dislodgement, catheter fracture, thrombosis, pain). Secondary outcomes were CLABSI, occlusion and dislodgement. Cox regression was used to report time‐to‐event associations.

Results

In 1892 CVADs, all‐cause failure occurred in 10.2% of devices: 49 NTCVADs (6.1%); 100 PICCs (13.2%); 44 TCVADs (13.4%). Failure rates for CLABSI, occlusion and dislodgement were 5.3%, 1.8%, and 1.7%, respectively. Independent CLABSI predictors were blood product administration through PICCs (hazard ratio (HR) 2.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–5.55); and in TCVADs, one or two lumens, compared with three to four (HR 3.36, 95%CI 1.68–6.71), intravenous chemotherapy (HR 2.96, 95%CI 1.31–6.68), and diabetes (HR 3.25, 95%CI 1.40–7.57). Independent factors protective for CLABSI include antimicrobial NTCVADs (HR 0.23, 95%CI 0.08–0.63) and lipids in TCVADs (HR 0.32, 95%CI 0.14–0.72). NTCVADs inserted at another hospital (HR 7.06, 95%CI 1.48–33.7) and baseline infection in patients with PICCs (HR 2.72, 95%CI 1.08–6.83) were predictors for dislodgement. No independent occlusion predictors were found. Modifiable risk factors were identified for CVAD failure, which occurred for 1‐in‐10 catheters. Strict infection prevention measures and improved CVAD securement could reduce CLABSI and dislodgement risk.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: GOLD COPD update 2024
Authors: Cornelius Teresa
Published: May 2024

GUIDELINE TITLE: Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2024 Report)

RELEASE DATE: December 4, 2023

PRIOR VERSIONS: Initial report was released in 2001 with major revisions in 2006, 2011, 2017, and 2023. This 2024 release is an update to the 2023 major revision

DEVELOPER: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)

FUNDING SOURCE: GOLD

TARGET POPULATION: Adults with a diagnosis of or at risk for COPD
Optimizing peripubertal growth in a child with short bowel syndrome on full oral feeding with glucagon‐like peptide 2 analog
Authors: Romanchuk Anastasiia , Bravi Michela , Tebaldi Paola , D'Antiga Lorenzo , Norsa Lorenzo
Published: May 2024

Teduglutide is a glucagon‐like peptide 2 (GLP‐2) analog which acts by increasing intestinal absorption of the remnant bowel for children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) dependent on parenteral nutrition. We present a 13‐year‐old male patient with type 2 SBS (55 cm of jejunum) from necrotizing enterocolitis on full oral feeding from the age of 12 months. Because of faltering growth from the age of 11 despite oral hyperphagia, he started Teduglutide at the standard dose. Eighteen months after Teduglutide start the young boy gained 10 kg in weight and 13 cm in height with a significant reduction in bowel distension. No adverse events were reported during the treatment. Pubertal spurt might be impaired in children with SBS on full oral feeding if the caloric need is not met by the residual intestinal absorption rate. GLP‐2 analog might represent an option to sustain pubertal spurt in SBS children on full oral feeding with hyperphagia.
Effect of neoadjuvant therapy regimens on lymph nodes yield in rectal cancer
Authors: Ray‐Offor Emeka , Nagarajan Arun , Horesh Nir , Emile Sameh H. , Gefen Rachel , Garoufalia Zoe , Dourado Justin , Parlade Albert , Da Silva Giovanna , Wexner Steven
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives

Pathological nodal staging is relevant to postoperative decision‐making and a prognostic marker of cancer survival. This study aimed to assess the effect of different total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) regimens on lymph node status following total mesorectal excision (TME) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients treated for node‐positive clinical stage 3 LARC with TNT between January 2015 and August 2022. Patients were stratified into induction therapy and consolidation therapy groups. Variables collated included patient demographics, clinical and radiological characteristics of the tumor, and pathology of the resected specimen. Primary outcome was total harvested lymph nodes.

Results

Ninety‐seven patients were included (57 [58.8%] males; mean age of 58.5 ± 11.4 years). The induction therapy group included 85 (87.6%) patients while 12 (12.4%) patients received consolidation therapy. A median interquartile range value of 22.00 (5.00–72.00) harvested lymph nodes was recorded for the induction therapy group in comparison to 16.00 (16.00–47.00) in the consolidation therapy arm (p = 0.487). Overall pathological complete response rate was 34%.

Conclusion

Total harvested nodes from resected specimens were marginally lower in the consolidation therapy group. Induction therapy may be preferrable to optimize postoperative specimen staging.
Impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy on postoperative complications after surgery for rectal cancer
Authors: Shou Matthew , Habib Daniel Roy Sadek , Idrees Kamran , Hawkins Alexander , Ford Molly , Lee Hanjoo , Khan Baryalay , Khan Aimal
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Despite the increasing use of immunotherapy in treating various cancer types, there is still limited understanding of its impact on surgical complications. We used a national database to examine the difference in surgical outcomes for rectal cancer patients who received standard neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus neoadjuvant immunotherapy and patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation only.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used the National Cancer Database (NCDB). We selected patients aged 18–90 with T1‐3, N1‐2, and M0 rectal cancer who underwent curative‐intent surgery between 2010 and 2020. We performed a 1:1 propensity match to control for patient age, sex, Charlson–Deyo comorbidity index, surgical approach, and tumor site. Our primary outcome was difference in surgical outcomes (hospital length of stay, unplanned 30‐day readmission, 30‐day mortality) between the two groups. Secondary outcomes included days from diagnosis to surgery and pathologic outcomes.

Results

Our study included 26 229 patients, of which 126 received immunotherapy in addition to chemoradiation and 26 103 received only chemoradiation. In our matched population of 125 pairs of patients, patients who received immunotherapy and chemoradiation underwent surgery later compared to patients who only received chemoradiation (median 245 vs. 144 days, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in median length of stay (5 vs. 5 days, p = 0.202), unplanned 30‐day readmission (7 vs. 9, p = 0.617), and 30‐day mortality (0 vs. 1, p = 1.000) between the two groups.

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for rectal cancer is not associated with adverse surgical outcomes. This work can help clinicians optimize treatment protocols and move closer toward strategies tailored to specific patient profiles.
Determination of organic acids for predicting sourness intensity of tea beverage by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and chemometrics methods
Authors: Liu Meiyan , Shi Lijuan , Guo Jie , Gu Ying , Li Siyu , Yi Lunzhao , Ren Dabing , Li Boyan
Published: May 2024

The contents of organic acids (OAs) in tea beverage and their relationship with taste intensity have not been fully understood. In this work, a rapid (10 min for a single run) and sensitive (limits of quantification: 0.0044–0.4486 µg/mL) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 17 OAs in four types of tea, based on liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring mode. The contents of 17 OAs in 96 tea samples were measured at levels between 0.01 and 11.80 g/kg (dried weight). Quinic acid, citric acid, and malic acid were determined as the major OAs in green, black, and raw pu‐erh teas, while oxalic acid and tartaric acid exhibited the highest contents in ripe pu‐erh tea. Taking the OAs composition as input features, a partial least squares regression model was proposed to predict the sourness intensity of tea beverages. The model achieved a root‐mean‐square error of 0.58 and a coefficient of determination of 0.84 for the testing set. The proposed model provides a theoretical way to evaluate the sensory quality of tea infusion based on its chemical composition.
Exploring the green frontier: Subcritical water chromatography for sustainable analytical practices
Authors: Bocian Szymon , Dembek Mikołaj , Kalisz Oktawia
Published: May 2024

Water in the subcritical state is characterized by properties significantly different from water under standard conditions. These include low viscosity, low surface tension, and a much lower dielectric constant, increasing the solubility of nonpolar substances. For this reason, it can provide an alternative solvent and be used in chromatographic techniques—subcritical water chromatography (SBWC). SBWC appears to be one of the greenest analytical techniques until we unravel chromatography with pure water at room temperature. The versatility of SBWC is explored through its applications in the separation and analysis of a wide range of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, natural products, etc. The use of subcritical water as a mobile phase requires suitable stable stationary phases and special apparatus. Still, it makes it possible to conduct analyses without using organic solvents. When using this technique, it is important to remember that it suits the analysis of thermally stable substances. The following work is a critical review of developments in SBWC.
Impact of conditioning runs on hydrophilic interaction chromatography repeatability and its application as a second dimension in online comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography
Authors: Gély Clémence , Monneau Yoan R. , Hologne Maggy , Faure Karine
Published: May 2024

A common separation approach for polar compounds involves coupling reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) in two‐dimensional chromatography. The higher proportion of acetonitrile used in the HILIC mobile phase, which enhances mass spectrometry detection, encourages its use in the second dimension. Previous studies demonstrated that the HILIC column can be partially equilibrated within very short timeframes without compromising retention time stability, rendering it suitable in online comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) setups. In addition, a specific number of conditioning cycles seems necessary to establish stable retention times. Here, the repeatability of HILIC when employed as second dimension in LC×LC was investigated, with a focus on determining the required number of conditioning cycles to achieve repeatable retention times. Various parameters influenced by the LC×LC online modulation system were studied, such as steep gradient slopes up to 8%, and very short equilibration times, less than or equal to dead time, as well as injection volume and solvent, which depend on the first dimension. Finally, the use of HILIC as a second dimension with tailored conditioning runs was applied to the analysis of hyaluronic acid hydrogel digests. The application of an RPLC×HILIC method using five conditioning runs yielded exceptional stability in second‐dimension retention times.
Development of an online hydrogen fuel quality analyzer with gas chromatography‐pulsed discharge helium ionization detector for applying hydrogen infrastructures
Authors: Kim Dongkyum , Park Miyeon , Kim Sang Woo , Heo Younjeong , Lee Jeongsoon
Published: May 2024

Hydrogen fuel, which is essential for the hydrogen economy, including hydrogen cell vehicles, must be of high quality for optimal hydrogen cell use. Currently, hydrogen fuel quality control is mainly done by offline analysis with periodic sampling. However, with the anticipated surge in hydrogen charging stations, there's a pressing need for cost‐effective, high‐throughput online analysis systems. Additionally, the miniaturization of these analytical instruments for field application is also a challenge. In this study, we present a compact, real‐time hydrogen fuel analyzer based on gas chromatography with a pulsed discharge helium ionization detector. Its dual‐column system efficiently analyzes major impurities in hydrogen fuel in less than 30 min. Indicator species (CO, CO2, CH4, O2, N2, and additional hydrogen sulfide [H2S]) are determined by examining hydrogen production and supply processes. The analyzer's measurement capability is consistent with µmol/mol‐level analysis, providing valuable real‐time information for hydrogen infrastructure managers. Additionally, it can analyze H2S, a crucial marker of sulfur compounds acting as catalytic poisons in fuel cells. This real‐time analyzer offers efficient, informed decision‐making support for hydrogen infrastructure managers, enhancing the overall reliability of hydrogen fuel in fuel‐cell electric vehicles.
Earlobe‐based advancement flap for helical rim defect: A review of 30 cases
Authors: Le Guern Aurore , Gillard Manon , Oberle Marion , Lebas Damien
Published: May 2024

Background

Various techniques have been proposed for helical rim reconstruction, including local flaps, grafts, and prosthetics. The earlobe‐based advancement flap (ELBAF) by Zilinsky, introduced in 2014, has emerged as a simple and effective method for helical rim ear defect reconstruction.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and complications of ELBAF in the reconstruction of helical rim defects.

Methods

A retrospective single‐centre study was conducted on 30 consecutive cases with helical defects undergoing ELBAF procedures for cancer reconstruction between January 2014 and June 2023. Patient demographics, indications, surgical details, complications, and postoperative outcomes were assessed.

Results

The study included 30 patients (mean age 79.4 years) with helical defects, mainly due to basal cell carcinoma (n = 13) and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 14). The helical rim defects were distributed in the upper (n = 12), middle (n = 9), and lower (n = 9) thirds. Triangular excisions through the ear lobe were performed in more than 60% of cases. The average defect length was 2.3 cm, and the average surgery time was 25 min. Complications included one case of partial necrosis and three cases of partial dehiscence, with successful corrections in two cases.

Conclusions

Our experience with ELBAF in 30 cases demonstrates its reliability for helical rim reconstruction, with a high success rate. The technique, known for its simplicity, provides satisfactory aesthetic outcomes, supporting its consideration as a viable option for helical rim defects.
The effects of habitat, weather, and raptors on northern bobwhite abundance at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Edwards John T. , Hernández Fidel , Wester David B. , Brennan Leonard A. , Parent Chad J. , Perez Robert M.
Published: May 2024

Rangelands in the southwestern United States represent a current stronghold for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus); however, bobwhite populations in rangelands exhibit extreme inter‐annual variability in abundance in relation to fluctuating weather patterns. Recent declining bobwhite population trends within this region have led to the supposition that landscape‐scale processes, such as habitat loss and fragmentation and predation from increased raptor abundance, may be acting in conjunction with weather to reduce bobwhite populations. Our objective was to determine the relative effects of these factors on bobwhite populations in the rangeland environments of Texas and Oklahoma, USA. We obtained publicly available datasets for bobwhite counts (Breeding Bird Survey, state‐agency roadside counts), weather (PRISM), land cover (National Land Cover Database), and raptors (Christmas Bird Counts) for 3 5‐year periods (1990–1994, 1999–2003, 2009–2013). Data were collected at route and landscape scales based on routes within the Rio Grande Plains region of Texas and the Central Mixed Grass Prairie region of Texas and Oklahoma. We used generalized linear mixed models with a backward selection approach to determine top models for each dataset based on scale and ecoregion. Covariate relationships with bobwhite abundance followed expected patterns, with positive relationships with habitat, precipitation, and minimum temperatures and negative relationships with maximum temperatures and raptor abundance. Weather variables were the factors most consistently selected within both regions, while minimum winter temperature was overall the top variable. These relationships occurred within a landscape still containing relatively vast amounts of unfragmented bobwhite habitat (>60% rangeland; >15 million ha). Management within these regions should be focused on retaining habitat at a broad scale, while managing for suitable cover at a local scale to help mitigate weather effects.
Mucosal emphysematous head and neck infections: Scoping review and a case of emphysematous tonsillitis
Authors: Moffatt Clare , Maldonado Solymar Torres , Evans Lauran K. , Azizyan Avetis , Blackwell Keith E.
Published: May 2024

Objective

This scoping review seeks to understand the existing research in otolaryngological mucosal emphysematous infections and to elucidate gaps in knowledge in the field. We also present a case of bilateral necrotizing tonsillitis in an immunocompromised patient with the first reported imaging findings of emphysematous abscess of the tonsils.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science.

Review Methods

We conducted our review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews. Patient presentation, management, and outcomes were summarized. We also describe the case of a patient with aplastic anemia found to have emphysematous tonsillitis, managed with intubation, broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics and bilateral tonsillectomy.

Results

We identified seven case reports or series, involving nine total patients, who presented with emphysematous epiglottitis, supraglottitis, or tonsillitis. The hallmark imaging characteristic was submucosal “gas bubble” on computed tomography. Presenting symptoms included dysphagia, odynophagia, dysphonia, cough, and fever. Both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients were affected. All patients were treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, and most with steroids. Patients at risk of airway compromise also underwent intubation and surgical drainage or debridement of the emphysematous infection.

Conclusion

Emphysematous pharyngeal infections are rare but potentially life‐threatening infections that can progress rapidly, resulting in airway compromise and sepsis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. We highlight the importance of swift intervention, with intubation and surgical intervention often required for severe cases. More research is needed on common pathogens and patient risk factors to guide future medical and surgical management.
Exploring Diffractive Optical Elements and Their Potential in Free Space Optics and imaging‐ A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Khonina S.N. , Kazanskiy N.L. , Butt M.A.
Published: May 2024

Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) are indispensable tools across numerous technological domains due to their capacity to manipulate light with sophistication and versatility. Their compact dimensions, lightweight nature, and compatibility with diverse materials render DOEs as prime candidates for integration into various optical systems, spanning from consumer electronics to state‐of‐the‐art scientific devices. Thus, DOEs stand as essential catalysts in technological advancement, facilitating innovation and unlocking new applications across a broad spectrum of disciplines. In this comprehensive review paper, Numerous types of DOEs widely acknowledge for their efficacy in both free space optics and imaging applications are delved. Beyond mere enumeration, their practical applications, elucidating their transformative impact on these fields are carefully examined. Furthermore, the challenges encountered in their implementation are dissected, paving the way for insightful discussions on future trajectories and advancements.
Self‐Excited Free‐Standing VO2 Film for Infrared Optical Limiter
Authors: Zhao Shanguang , Li Liang , Zhu Jinglin , Liu Meiling , Zhou Ting , Zhou Changqi , Lin Zhihan , Li Jianjun , Sun Bowen , Lu Yuan , Zou Chongwen
Published: May 2024

Effective optical limiters (OLs) are necessary devices for the protection of various sensitive photo‐detectors, cameras, infrared sensors, or even the human eyes once encountering unexpected high‐intensity illumination or laser blinding attacks. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) shows pronounced infrared switching behavior across the phase transition, which is considered as an idea optical limiter for broad‐band infrared laser protection. However, the self‐adapting optical limiter function based on VO2 is quite difficult to realize since the open‐state absorptance of the VO2 layer is always very low, which makes the laser irradiation cannot trigger the phase transition quickly. In the current study, a self‐excited VO2 infrared optical limiter is proposed, which is integrated by a transferred VO2 layer, InGaAs micro/nano wires, and a local heater. Based on the“optical response–electric heating” strategy, the phase transition of VO2 layer can be quickly triggered once the incident laser beam intensity exceeds the pre‐set threshold value. In addition, this integrated device has an excellent switching ratio, flexible controllability, and stability. This work achieves a practical VO2 optical limiter device and provides a promising strategy for developing VO2‐based integrated multifunctional devices in the future.
Mucin‐Inspired Polymeric Fibers for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Inhibition
Authors: Arenhoevel Justin , Schmitt Ann‐Cathrin , Kerkhoff Yannic , Ahmadi Vahid , Quaas Elisa , Ludwig Kai , Achazi Katharina , Nie Chuanxiong , Bej Raju , Haag Rainer
Published: May 2024

Mucus lines the epithelial cells at the biological interface and is the first line of defense against multiple viral infections. Mucins, the gel‐forming components of mucus, are high molecular weight glycoproteins and crucial for preventing infections by binding pathogens. Consequently, mimicking mucins is a promising strategy for new synthetic virus inhibitors. In this work, synthetic mucin‐inspired polymers (MIPs) as potential inhibitors of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) are investigated. By using a telechelic reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique, a new dendronized polysulfate p(G1AAm‐OSO3)PDS with an amide‐backbone similar to the native mucin glycoproteins is synthesized. p(G1AAm‐OSO3)PDS shows mucin‐like elongated fiber structure, as revealed in cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) imaging, and its HSV‐1 inhibition activity together with its previously reported methacrylate analogue p(G1MA‐OSO3)PDS is tested. Both of the sulfated MIPs show strong HSV‐1 inhibition in plaque reduction assays with IC50 values in lower nanomolar range (<3 × 10−9 m) and demonstrate a high cell compatibility (CC50 > 1.0 mg mL−1) with lower anticoagulant activity than heparin. In addition, the prophylactic and therapeutic activity of both MIPs is assessed in pre‐ and post‐infection inhibition assays and clearly visualize their high potential for application using fluorescent microscopy imaging of infected cells.
You designed that yourself for me? Vicarious pride in customized gift exchange
Authors: Pizzetti Marta , Acuti Diletta , Soscia Isabella , Gibbert Michael
Published: May 2024

In four studies, we found that receiving a customized gift leads recipients to appreciate the gift more highly because of vicarious feelings of pride. This vicarious pride is the same feeling that the customizer experiences after having self‐customized a product. In the first two experiments with real‐life pairs of friends, vicarious pride was documented among recipients of customized gifts. The findings show that the relationship between customization and gift appreciation is mediated by vicarious pride. Study 3 and Study 4 replicate the results of the first series of experiments, and reveal the role of vicarious pride in enhancing state self‐esteem and, in turn, gift appreciation. Study 4 also tests the effect of a relational variable (i.e., relationship anxiety) on this relationship. Specifically, relationship anxiety affects vicarious pride, and then consequently state self‐esteem and gift appreciation, which are only enhanced by customization when the relationship is not anxious. As a practical implication, this research emphasizes the importance of communicating gift customization to gift recipients to enhance their gift experience and appreciation.
Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus in adult cadavers: A descriptive study and clinical significance
Authors: Han Yueyin , An Mingjie , Zilundu Prince L. M. , Zhuang Zhuokai , Chen Junyu , Jiang Zhen , Gu Liqiang , Yang Jiantao , Wang Dong , Xu Dazheng , Zhou Li‐Hua
Published: May 2024

Background

Brachial plexus injury is recognized as one of the most severe clinical challenges due to the complex anatomical configuration of the brachial plexus and its propensity for variation, which complicates safe clinical interventions. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and characterize the types of brachial plexus variations, and to elucidate their clinical implications.

Materials and Methods

We conducted meticulous dissections of 60 formalin‐fixed cadavers' upper arm, axilla and lower neck to reveal and assess the roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches of the brachial plexus. The pattern of branching was noted by groups of dissecting medical students and confirmed by the senior anatomists. The variations discovered were record and photographed using a digital camera for further analysis.

Results

Variations in the brachial plexus were identified in 40 of the 60 cadavers, yielding a prevalence rate of 66.7%. These variations were classified into root anomalies (2.1%), trunk anomalies (8.5%), division anomalies (2.1%), and cord anomalies (4.3%). Notably, anomalies in communicating branches were observed in 39 cadavers (83.0%): 14 with bilateral anomalies, 14 with anomalies on the left side, and 11 on the right side. These communicating branches formed connections between the roots and other segments, including trunks, cords, and terminal nerves, and involved the median, musculocutaneous, and ulnar nerves.

Conclusion

The frequency and diversity of brachial plexus variations, particularly in communicating branches, are significant in cadavers. It is imperative that these variations are carefully considered during the diagnostic process, treatment planning, and prior to procedures such as supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks and nerve transfers, to mitigate the risk of iatrogenic complications.
A note on energy and cross‐helicity conservation in the ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Ye Yulin , Li Zilai
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we are concerned with the conservation of total energy and cross‐helicity for the weak solutions in the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. In the spirit of recent works of Berselli (J. Differ. Equ. 368 (2023), 350–375.) and Berselli‐Georgiadis (NoDEA Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl. 31 (2024), 33), by establishing a new generalized Constantin‐E‐Titi type commutator estimate to allow us to make full use of the total energy, we extend the previous classical results to a wider range of exponents. These results indicate the role of the time integrability, spatial integrability, and differential regularity of the velocity (magnetic field) in the conserved quantities of weak solutions in the ideal MHD equations.
Evaluation of split renal dysfunction using radiomics based on magnetic resonance diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Zhao Shengchao , Ding Yi , Gan Lijuan , Yang Pei , Xie Yuanliang , Hu Yun , Chen Jun , Wang Xiang , Huang Zengfa , Zhou Bin
Published: May 2024

Background

Accurate and noninvasive assessment of split renal dysfunction is crucial, while there is lack of corresponding method clinically.

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of using diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI)‐based radiomics models to evaluate split renal dysfunction.

Methods

We enrolled patients with impaired and normal renal function undergoing renal DWI examination. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR, mL/min) was measured using 99mTc‐DTPA scintigraphy, which is reference standard of GFR measurement. The kidneys were classified into normal (GFR ≥40), mildly impaired (20≤ GFR < 40), moderately impaired (10≤ GFR < 20), and severely impaired (GFR < 10) renal function groups. Optimized subsets of radiomics features were selected from renal DWI images and radiomics scores (Rad‐score) calculated to discriminate groups with different renal function. The radiomics model (Rad‐score based) was developed in a training cohort and validated in a test cohort. Evaluations were conducted on the discrimination, calibration, and clinical application of the method.

Results

The final analysis included 330 kidneys. Logistic regression was used to develop three radiomics models, model A, B, and C, which were used to distinguish normal from impaired, mild from moderate, and moderate from severe renal function, respectively. The area under the curve of the three models were 0.822, 0.704, and 0.887 in the training cohort and 0.843, 0.717, and 0.897 in the test cohort, respectively, indicating efficient discrimination performance.

Conclusions

DWI‐based radiomics models have potential for evaluating split renal dysfunction and discriminating between normal and impaired renal function groups and their subgroups.
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based metabolite profiling of chia and quinoa seeds in comparison with wheat and oat
Authors: Farag Mohamed A. , Khattab Amira R. , Farghal Hebatullah H. , Ismail Walaa M. , Fahmy Heba A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

With an increasing interest in healthy and affordable cereal intake, efforts are made toward exploiting underutilized cereals with high nutritional values.

Objectives

The current study aims to explore the metabolome diversity in 14 cultivars of chia and quinoa collected from Germany, Austria, and Egypt, compared with wheat and oat as major cereals.

Material and Methods

The samples were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Multivariate data analysis (MVA) was employed for sample classification and markers characterization.

Results

A total of 114 metabolites were quantified (sugars, alcohols, organic and amino acids/nitrogenous compounds, fatty acids/esters), but the inorganic and phenolic acids were only identified. Fatty acids were the major class followed by amino acids in quinoa and chia. Chia and oats were richer in sucrose. Quinoa encompassed higher amino acids. Quinoa and chia were rich in essential amino acids. Higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids especially omega 6 and omega 9 were detected in quinoa versus omega 3 in chia compared with oat and wheat, whereas ω6/ω3 fatty acid ratio of chia was the lowest. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive metabolite profiling of these pseudo cereals.

Conclusion

Quinoa and chia, especially red chia, are more nutritionally valuable compared with oat and wheat because of their compositional profile of free amino acids, organic acids, and essential fatty acids, besides their low ω6/ω3 fatty acid ratio. Such results pose them as inexpensive alternative to animal proteins and encourage their inclusion in infant formulas.