bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASPECTOS DA INTERFACE HOMEM-MÁQUINA (IHM): PLATAFORMAS DIGITAIS EDUCACIONAIS E TECNICAS UTILIZADAS PARA DOMINAR E CONTROLAR AS AÇÕES DO USUÁRIO DURANTE A NAVEGAÇÃO ONLINE
Authors: Trajano José Ronaldo , Pinho Alexandra Moreno
Published: September 2024

A discussão entorno das questões estruturantes da interface homem-máquina é inovadora, com isso o presente artigo trata de fazer emergir conhecimentos sobre como acontece o domínio dos usuários da navegação on-line, para que docentes e discentes possam compreender as nuances do funcionamento das plataformas digitais, em vista de uma utilização adequada que seja possível potenciar processos educativos. Através de um estudo exploratório sobre a temática, objetivou-se propor conteúdos sobre o controle mediante o uso de apps.
Microphysical processes involving the vapour phase dominate in simulated low-level Arctic clouds
Authors: Kiszler Theresa , Ori Davide , Schemann Vera
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Current general circulation models struggle to capture the phase-partitioning of clouds accurately, both overestimating and underestimating the supercooled liquid substantially. This impacts the radiative properties of clouds. Therefore, it is of interest to understand which processes determine the phase-partitioning. In this study, microphysical-process rates are analysed to study what role each phase-changing process plays in low-level Arctic clouds. Several months of cloud-resolving ICON simulations using a two-moment cloud microphysics scheme are evaluated. The microphysical-process rates are extracted using a diagnostic tool introduced here, which runs only the microphysical parameterization using previously simulated days. It was found that the processes impacting ice are more efficient during polar night than polar day. For the mixed-phase clouds (MPCs), it became clear that phase changes involving the vapour phase dominated in contrast to processes between liquid and ice. Computing the rate of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen process further indicated that the MPCs frequently (42 % of the time) seemed to be glaciating. Additionally, the dependence of each process on the temperature, vertical wind, and saturation was evaluated. This showed that, in particular, the temperature influences the occurrence and interactions of different processes. This study helps to better understand how microphysical processes act in different regimes. It additionally shows which processes play an important role in contributing to the phase-partitioning in Arctic low-level mixed-phase clouds. Therefore, these processes could potentially be better targeted for improvements in the ICON model that aim to more accurately represent the phase-partitioning of Arctic low-level mixed-phase clouds.
Assessment of the contribution of the Meteosat Third Generation Infrared Sounder (MTG-IRS) for the characterisation of ozone over Europe
Authors: Vittorioso Francesca , Guidard Vincent , Fourrié Nadia
Published: September 2024

Abstract. In the coming years, EUMETSAT's Meteosat Third Generation – Sounding (MTG-S) satellites will be launched with an instrument including valuable features on board. The MTG Infrared Sounder (MTG-IRS) will represent a major innovation for the monitoring of the chemical state of the atmosphere, since, at present, observations of these parameters mainly come from in situ measurements (geographically uneven) and from instruments on board polar-orbiting satellites (highly dependent on the scanning line of the satellite itself, which is limited, over a specific geographical area, to very few times per day). MTG-IRS will present a great deal of potential in the area of detecting different atmospheric species and will have the advantage of being based on a geostationary platform and acquiring data with a high temporal frequency (every 30 min over Europe), which makes it easier to track the transport of the species of interest. The present work aims to evaluate the potential impact, over a regional domain over Europe, of the assimilation of MTG-IRS radiances within a chemical transport model (CTM), Modèle de Chimie Atmosphérique de Grande Echelle (MOCAGE), operated by Météo-France. Since MTG-IRS is not yet in orbit, observations have been simulated using the observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) approach. Of the species to which MTG-IRS will be sensitive, the one treated in this study was ozone. The results obtained indicate that the assimilation of synthetic radiances of MTG-IRS always has a positive impact on the ozone analysis from MOCAGE. The relative average difference compared to the nature run (NR) in the ozone total columns improves from −30 % (no assimilation) to almost zero when MTG-IRS observations are available over the domain. Also remarkable is the reduction in the standard deviation of the difference with respect to the NR, which, in the area where MTG-IRS radiances are assimilated, reaches its lowest values (∼ 1.8 DU). When considering tropospheric columns, the improvement is also significant, from 15 %–20 % (no assimilation) down to 3 %. The error in the differences compared to the NR is lower than for total columns (minima ∼ 0.3 DU), due also to the lower concentrations of the tropospheric ozone field. Overall, the impact of assimilation is considerable over the whole vertical column: vertical variations are noticeably improved compared to what is obtained when no assimilation is performed (up to 25 % better).
Climatology and trends of concurrent temperature extremes in the global extratropics
Authors: Messori Gabriele , Segalini Antonio , Ramos Alexandre M.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Simultaneous occurrences of multiple heatwaves or cold spells in remote geographical regions have drawn considerable attention in the literature due to their potentially far-reaching impacts. We introduce a flexible toolbox to study such concurrent temperature extremes with adjustable parameters that different users can tailor to their specific needs. We then use the toolbox to present a climatological analysis of spatially compounding heatwaves and cold spells in the global midlatitudes. Specific geographical areas, such as western Russia, central Europe, southwestern Eurasia and western North America, emerge as hotspots for concurrent temperature extremes. Concurrent heatwaves are becoming more frequent, longer-lasting and more extended in the Northern Hemisphere, while the opposite holds for concurrent cold spells. Concurrent heatwaves in the Southern Hemisphere are comparatively rare but have been increasing in both number and extent. Notably, several of these trends in concurrent temperature extremes are significantly stronger than the corresponding trends in all temperature extremes.
Impacts of land-use change on biospheric carbon: an oriented benchmark using the ORCHIDEE land surface model
Authors: Dinh Thi Lan Anh , Goll Daniel , Ciais Philippe , Lauerwald Ronny
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Land-use change (LUC) impacts biospheric carbon, encompassing biomass carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC). Despite the use of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) in estimating the anthropogenic perturbation of biospheric carbon stocks, critical evaluations of model performance concerning LUC impacts are scarce. Here, we present a systematic evaluation of the performance of the DGVM Organising Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) in reproducing observed LUC impacts on biospheric carbon stocks over Europe. First, we compare model predictions with observation-based gridded estimates of net and gross primary productivity (NPP and GPP), biomass growth patterns, and SOC stocks. Second, we evaluate the predicted response of soil carbon stocks to LUC based on data from forest inventories, paired plots, chronosequences, and repeated sampling designs. Third, we use interpretable machine learning to identify factors contributing to discrepancies between simulations and observations, including drivers and processes not resolved in ORCHIDEE (e.g. erosion, soil fertility). Results indicate agreement between the model and observed spatial patterns and temporal trends, such as the increase in biomass with age, when simulating biosphere carbon stocks. The direction of the SOC responses to LUC generally aligns between simulated and observed data. However, the model underestimates carbon gains for cropland-to-grassland conversions and carbon losses for grassland-to-cropland and forest-to-cropland conversions. These discrepancies are attributed to bias arising from soil erosion rate, which is not fully captured in ORCHIDEE. Our study provides an oriented benchmark for assessing the DGVMs against observations and explores their potential in studying the impact of LUCs on SOC stocks.
Measuring Tailings Storage Facility Bathymetry Using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8/9 Multispectral Imagery and Machine Learning
Authors: Stringari Caio E. , Engelbrecht Jeanine , Eaton Brett
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Tailings, a byproduct of mining, consist of fine sediment particles suspended in water that are stored in tailings storage facilities (TSFs). The discharge of untreated TSF water into the environment is typically prohibited due to its contact with mine tailings and processing chemicals. TSF failures have caused damage to communities and the environment, prompting calls for better management practices and advanced monitoring tools. For operational mine water management, boat-based bathymetric surveys have been used. However, these technologies have limitations, especially when the surveying of large facilities is required. Advances in remote sensing, particularly satellite-based earth observation (SBEO), offer cost-effective solutions for monitoring TSFs. This study explores the use of machine learning models, including XGBoost and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), applied to Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8/9 data to estimate TSF bathymetry. Surveyed bathymetry datasets were used for model training, testing, and results validation. The results of the experiments revealed that high-accuracy bathymetric estimates could be obtained with mean absolute errors between 6 and 12 cm depending on the source of the data (i.e. Sentinel-2 or Landsat-8/9) and the model used (XGBoost vs CNN). Limitations include mixed pixel effects on the pond-beach interface and lower accuracies obtained in shallow areas, notably when XGBoost is used. This research underscores the potential of using satellite data and machine learning for TSF bathymetric monitoring, with implications for enhancing environmental and safety standards in mining operations.
Tree Species Classification on Hyperspectral Imagery Using Fewer Training Samples
Authors: Tong Fei , Zhang Yun
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The distribution of tree species within the forest holds significant importance for forest management. Since field surveys in the forest are time-consuming and cost-expensive, automatically extracting tree species distribution maps from remote sensing imagery becomes a trend. For tree species classification using hyperspectral imagery, many existing classification methods require a large number of training samples to achieve high classification accuracy. However, the classification accuracy will decrease rapidly if only a few hundred training samples are used. Given the challenges and expenses associated with collecting abundant training samples in the forest, there is a need to explore methods that achieve good classification performance with a limited number of training samples. In this paper, a classification scheme combining SuperPCA and Active Learning (AL) is proposed to improve the tree species classification using a limited number of training samples. SuperPCA is employed to reduce feature dimensions and harness spectral-spatial information within hyperspectral imagery. Active Learning is employed to select informative samples for the training, thus reducing the requirement for training samples. Experiments on a tree species classification data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed classification scheme.
Assessing sea ice microwave emissivity up to submillimeter waves from airborne and satellite observations
Authors: Risse Nils , Mech Mario , Prigent Catherine , Spreen Gunnar , Crewell Susanne
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Upcoming submillimeter wave satellite missions require an improved understanding of sea ice emissivity to separate atmospheric and surface microwave signals under dry polar conditions. This work investigates hectometer-scale observations of airborne sea ice emissivity between 89 and 340 GHz, combined with high-resolution visual imagery from two Arctic airborne field campaigns that took place in summer 2017 and spring 2019 northwest of Svalbard, Norway. Using k-means clustering, we identify four distinct sea ice emissivity spectra that occur predominantly across multiyear ice, first-year ice, young ice, and nilas. Nilas features the highest emissivity, and multiyear ice features the lowest emissivity among the clusters. Each cluster exhibits similar nadir emissivity distributions from 183 to 340 GHz. To relate hectometer-scale airborne measurements to kilometer-scale satellite footprints, we quantify the reduction in the variability of airborne emissivity as footprint size increases. At 340 GHz, the emissivity interquartile range decreases by almost half when moving from the hectometer scale to a footprint of 16 km, typical of satellite instruments. Furthermore, we collocate the airborne observations with polar-orbiting satellite observations. After resampling, the absolute relative bias between airborne and satellite emissivities at similar channels lies below 3 %. Additionally, spectral variations in emissivity at nadir on the satellite scale are low, with slightly decreasing emissivity from 183 to 243 GHz, which occurs for all hectometer-scale clusters except those predominantly composed of multiyear ice. Our results will enable the development of microwave retrievals and assimilation over sea ice in current and future satellite missions, such as the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) and EUMETSAT Polar System – Sterna (EPS–Sterna).
The Pimpernel from Árkod
Authors: Tóth Orsolya
Published: September 2024

The paper focuses on the registered but barely discussed intertextual aspects of Magda Szabó’s prose, which can be linked to the popular culture of the first half of the twentieth century. The comparative analysis compares one of her most famous novels, Abigail, with Baroness Emma Orczy’s Pimpernel stories and the relatively late entry in the Pimpernel franchise, the 1941 film “Pimpernel” Smith, directed by and starring Leslie Howard. The paper concludes that The Scarlet Pimpernel may have influenced the story and characterization of Abigail, particularly the portrayal of the dual-identity hero, Mr. Kőnig. It is also suggested that the novel’s schematic historical representation can be linked to Magda Szabó’s choice of literary template.
Representation of India Pakistan tensions in Bollywood (2015-2020): Case study of Bajrangi Bhaijaan and Tiger Zinda Hai films
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Tensions between India and Pakistan is one of the important issues in South Asia. The tensions between these two countries have affected many political, security, military and cultural issues in this part of Asia. These tensions can be seen in many governmental and private institutions in these countries including mass media. One of these institutions is cinema, which is one of the powerful tools for representing the tensions. Many efforts have been made to investigate the representation of political tensions in cinema. In this paper, by explaining some of the articles in this regard, an attempt has been made to examine two Indian films, Bajrangi Bhaijaan and Tiger Zinda Hai in representing India-Pakistan tensions. Since the components of religion and identity are among the factors identified in these films, constructivism theory has been used to elaborate the components. Based on the results, these films have tried to bold the common norms between India and Pakistan by relying on religious and identity pluralism.
Mapping the Trajectory of Adolescent Sexuality: The Portrait of Durga in Satyajit Ray’s Pather Panchali
Authors: Gupta Rebanta , Aniket Roy
Published: September 2024

The saga of Apu and Durga has been immortalized on celluloid by the pathbreaking film, Pather Panchali (1955), the first installment of Satyajit Ray’s cinematic bildungsroman, The Apu Trilogy, set in a remote village of Bengal. The portraits of the affectionate and dialectical relationship, which the brother and the sister shared, remain forever etched in the memory of the cinephiles. Apu’s metamorphosis into an adult over the course of the trilogy has been comprehensively scrutinized by film scholars and aficionados, but Durga has not enjoyed much critical spotlight. This paper examines the germination, evolution, and the trajectory of the adolescent sexuality of the teenage Durga, played by Uma Dasgupta, by dissecting her performative act in the film. The paper explores the construction of the image of Durga in the film and her place in the patriarchal ecosystem, arguing that Durga is in a constant process of negotiation with the patriarchal structure, occasionally entering and exiting the patriarchal domain to assert her sexuality: she defies patriarchal protocols yet sometimes gets subjugated by it. This process continues throughout the film, culminating in her death which could be interpreted as a metaphoric punishment she received for her assertion of her formidable sexuality.
From Home to Destitution: Deprived and Ignored Children in Yusuf ile Kenan (1979) and Masumiyet (1997)
Authors: Güven Zühre Canay
Published: September 2024

Yusuf ile Kenan (1979) and Masumiyet (1997) portray realistic ignored, neglected and deprived childhood in Turkish cinema. This article sets out to analyse the realistic depictions of child image focusing on displacement and destitute. Although displacement is dealt with broader senses of war and its consequences, this article, adapting an alternative discourse sets out to analyse the displacement in terms of family and homely atmosphere. First, I will present the odyssey of child image during the course of Turkish cinema. I aim to position elusive depiction of child image in Yusuf ile Kenan (1979) and Masumiyet (1997). Following spatial and narrative analysis in two steps, I will discuss the realistic destitute child images in these films in two parts: (a) spatial analysis focusing loss of home and (b) agency of child characters in narrative. I propose that realistic child image in these two films were constructed through delinquency and aphasia.
Woman’s Cinema on the Sri Lankan Silver Screen and the "Other" Female Filmmakers
Authors: Bandaranayake Lanka
Published: September 2024

Sri Lanka is a small-scale industry in the Global South. The hegemonic patriarchy of the industry, accelerated by various industrial, socio-political, and cultural matters directly affects the representation of women’s cinema in the country. This study aims to look at the female representation throughout the entire evolution of Sri Lankan women’s cinema and the state of their filmmaking practices, which is a rare study area. Further, the examination of the historical context and current trends of this paper will further seek to provide insights into the future development of the representation of women in Sri Lankan cinema.
A Sentimental Android? M3GAN (2022) and Monstrous Doubling as a Negotiation of the Gendered Neo-Liberal Self
Authors: Eden Michael
Published: September 2024

This paper analyses the android M3GAN in the 2022 film of the same name, problematising recent framings that celebrate M3GAN as a gay icon, a feminist figure, or understand her as embodying our collective fear of artificial intelligence. Instead, I place M3GAN in a long line of narratives that mediate on the role of women in society, following the loosening of possibilities for woman brought about in the Enlightenment. I go on to suggest ways in which contemporary neoliberal values are forcefully communicated in popular culture and how in turn, the subject reacts and internalises ideology.
Racismo e desigualdade no julgamento social: racismo estrutural e estruturante na fala de Lázaro Ramos
Authors: Figueiredo da Silva Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2024

This study explores the disparities in social judgment between black and white individuals when they commit mistakes, emphasizing how structural racism perpetuates this inequality. The focus is on the generalization of errors by black people and the individualization of errors by white people, illustrating how these biases reflect deeper systemic issues. Using the perspective of Lázaro Ramos’ commentary on a racialized incident and an analogy with football, this research highlights how black individuals are often seen as representative of their race when they err, while white individuals are judged on an individual basis. The article introduces the concept of "structuring racism," which adapts to preserve existing power structures by trivializing the understanding of structural racism. This distinction between structural and structuring racism calls for a deeper analysis of racial issues to avoid perpetuating new forms of domination. The research concludes that both psychological and social impacts of these disparities contribute to maintaining the racial status quo, demanding critical approaches to dismantling these patterns.
Keywords: Structural racism, structuring racism, racial inequality, Lázaro Ramos, generalization of errors, football, black identity, social judgment.
A comparative analysis to assess anatomical illustrations via three AI-Driven Text-to-Image generators
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Sikandar Ayesha , Bahar Hafiza Moatter ,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan
Published: September 2024

In recent years the popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) has increased rapidly. While the machine itself can be built for deep learning in order to enhance its own efficiency through sophisticated networks, artificial intelligence (AI) uses machine-learning models to store, calculate, analyze, and even enhance extensive volumes of data that have to be retrieved whenever needed. Text-to-image AI models like Midjourney, Microsoft Bing Image Creator Powered by DALL- E, and Craiyon can generate artistic and impressive images. In this study, anatomical representations of the human ribs, brain, and lungs were produced by evaluating the above three AI-powered text-to-image producers. The generators were evaluated based on how well they represented the basic structure of ribs including correct number of ribs, false and floating ribs, sulcus and gyrus, as well as the structure of the cerebellum and thalamus. Not a single generator generated anatomically correct anatomical structures. It is required to add accurate images to the training databases to increase the accuracy. The study highlights the continued need of human medical illustrators, particularly in guaranteeing the availability of precise and understandable pictures. Improving their accuracy necessitates augmenting the training databases with anatomically correct images to help students.
Specifikus tanulási zavarral diagnosztizált gyermekek és felnőttek pragmatikai képességei — egy kevésbé kutatott terület vizsgálati módszereinek és eredményeinek összefoglalása
Authors: Kohlmann Ágnes
Published: September 2024

Háttér, célok: A pragmatikai kompetencia a nyelv megfelelő használatának és megértésének képessége az adott kontextusban. Specifikus tanulási zavarral diagnosztizált (STZ) gyermekek és felnőttek a vezető tünetek mellett gyakran nehézségeket tapasztalnak ezen a területen is, azonban az utóbbi évekig csak kevés kutatás próbálta meg feltárni a STZ és a pragmatikai kompetencia összefüggéseit gyermekeknél, még kevésbé felnőtteknél. A tanulmány célja a nemzetközi szakirodalom áttekintése, a kutatásokban alkalmazott módszerek és az ezekkel feltárt nehézségek, illetve erősségek bemutatása.
Módszer: A 2023 szeptemberében és októberében a Scopus adatbázisban és a Google Scholar keresőben történt szakirodalmi keresés alapján sztenderdizált mérőeljárásokat és/vagy teszteket is alkalmazó 12 publikáció került kiválasztásra.
Eredmények: A STZ hátrányosan befolyásolja a pragmatikai képességek fejlődését, akadályozva a kontextusnak megfelelő lexikai egységek és beszédaktusok kiválasztását, valamint használatát. A nem szószerinti jelentés kikövetkeztetése és az implicit módon kifejezett tartalmak megértése felnőttkorban is tartósan fennálló nehézség marad.
Következtetések: Mivel a pragmatikai képességek nem megfelelő működése nagy mértékben befolyásolja a mindennapi kommunikációt, az iskolai és munkahelyi teljesítményt, hátrányosan hat az érintettek el- és befogadására, az általános életminőségükre.
Kulcsszavak: pragmatikai képesség, specifikus tanulási zavar, gyermekek, felnőttek, összefoglalás
Assessing Spatial and Quantitative Reasoning Abilities in Six-Year-Old School Children: A Comparative Study in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Syed Rafia , Zulfiqar Humaira , Syed Aiman Ali , Bakhtawar Nadia
Published: September 2024

Spatial and quantitative reasoning abilities are important building blocks to navigate and understand our surroundings. Various psychologists had conflict on the onset and the age at which these two reasoning abilities become fully developed. This research paper highlights how spatial reasoning abilities prosper at the age of six years old children and how they imagine a two dimensional object using spatial reasoning ability into a three dimensional picture and answer the related relevant questions of the sample. The study examines the development level of spatial and quantitative reasoning abilities of school children (boys and girls) present at the age of six years. A quantitative study was conducted under a positivist paradigm approach involving a semi structured questionnaire; conducted with a sample of 200 (boys and girls) students of class 1 from LDA Model High school Allama Iqbal Town and The Punjab School, Johar Town campus using simple random sampling. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics as frequencies and percentages in cross tabulations, while Pearson correlation was applied between spatial and quantitative reasoning abilities to find out the relationship between them. Many psychologists had conflicts about the age of children about the onset development of spatial reasoning ability. Therefore, the current study results are significant because they reveal that school children at the age of six have higher level of spatial reasoning abilities which is against Piaget's claim that spatial reasoning is achieved at the end of the concrete operational stage. Very few children had achieved quantitative reasoning abilities. The study concludes that quantitative reasoning development at the age of six is comparatively slower to spatial reasoning ability. The children at the age of six had middle level of quantitative reasoning ability.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Vegetable and Fruit Vendors
Authors: Vora Vasvi , Contractor Gopi
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are common health problem between work related disabilities and injuries in vegetable and fruit vendors. These diseases are characterized by pain and complain in caused by vibration, force exertion, repetitive tasks and working in a bad posture. So, aim of the study is to find the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in vegetable and fruit vendors using Nordic questionnaire.
METHOD: Total 50 vendors were taken. A Nordic questionnaire was used. In this questionnaire the musculoskeletal system is divided in 9 regions as neck, shoulders, elbow, wrists, upper back, lower back, knees and ankle.
RESULT: Most prevalent MSD was reported at ankle joints (27%), knee (22%) and in lower back (15%) during last 12 months. Most prevalent MSD was reported at knee and ankle (20%), in lower back (18%) and in shoulder (17%) during last 7 days.

Key words: Musculoskeletal disorders, vegetable and fruit vendors, Nordic questionnaire. .
Efficacy and Effectiveness of McKenzie Exercises in Chronic Low Back Pain Management:
A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gill Geeta , Jagga Vinay , Pal Sajjan
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition with significant societal and economic implications. The McKenzie Method, developed by Robin McKenzie, is emerging as a promising intervention for CLBP management, emphasizing mechanical diagnosis and therapy techniques.
Objective: This comprehensive review aims to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of McKenzie exercises in managing mechanical low back pain
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across various databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, spanning the years 2018 to 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, or potentially quasi-experimental studies assessing the McKenzie Method in adults with CLBP, with exclusion criteria comprising observational studies, case reports, and articles lacking full-text availability. The search yielded a total of 11 relevant studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Key outcomes assessed included pain intensity, disability, quality of life, and functional improvement.
Results: The reviewed studies consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of the McKenzie Method in managing chronic low back pain (CLBP). Across various outcome measures including pain intensity, disability, and quality of life, McKenzie interventions yield significant improvements. Specifically, studies by Safei and Zulfahmidah (2022), Ibrahim et al. (2019), and Czajka et al. (2018) underscore the favorable outcomes achieved with McKenzie exercises compared to standard rehabilitation approaches. Additionally, Namnaqani et al. (2019) and Lam et al. (2018) highlight the superior pain reduction achieved by the McKenzie Method compared to manual therapy and other rehabilitation interventions. Furthermore, Garcia et al. (2018) report a small yet clinically relevant difference favoring the McKenzie Method over placebo in pain intensity at the end of the treatment period.
Conclusions: The collective findings support the efficacy and effectiveness of the McKenzie Method as a valuable intervention for CLBP management. It demonstrates superiority over placebo and comparable outcomes to manual therapy and other rehabilitation modalities in alleviating pain and improving functional outcomes. However, therapist qualifications and adherence to comprehensive training protocols are crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes. Moreover, the combination of McKenzie exercises with other therapeutic modalities appears to offer synergistic benefits in enhancing spinal mobility, improving quality of life, and reducing disability associated with CLBP.

Key words: McKenzie Method, chronic low back pain, mechanical diagnosis and therapy, rehabilitation, pain management .
Determination of Nursing Undergraduate Students' Attitudes Towards Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Özkan Sevil , Özsevgiç Oğuzhan
Published: September 2024

Objective: To determine the attitudes of nursing students toward persons with disabilities.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and correlational study's population comprised nursing faculty students (N=786). The sample size was calculated using the formula "when the universe is certain," resulting in a sample of 259 students. Data were collected between March and June 2023 using the Information Form and the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale toward Persons with Disabilities (MAS). Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 program, employing descriptive statistics and parametric or non-parametric tests for comparative data.
Findings: Most students stated no persons with disabilities among their family members or friends. It was found that more than half of the students did not care for disabled people in clinical practice. The mean score for the cognitive sub-dimension of the MAS was higher for students aged 20 and younger than for students aged 20 and older (MW-U=7072.5/ p=0.041). Also, the mean score for the emotional sub-dimension of the MAS scale was higher among students with disabled friends (t=1.392 p=0.036). The mean score for the behavioural sub-dimension differed between students’ enrolled classes. The post hoc analysis showed that students in the second class had higher mean scores for behaviours than students in the fourth class, which was statistically significant. (F=2.752/p=0.043). Also, it was determined that the source of information about disability and the experience of caring for a person(s) with disabilities affected the MAS scale score of the students in terms of total score or sub-dimension scores (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Nursing students’ attitudes toward persons with disabilities were affected by age, status of having a person with disabilities among their friends, enrolled class, source of information about disability, and experience of caring for a person(s) with disabilities. While students' attitudes are generally favourable, further studies utilizing alternative designs are advised to ascertain both explicit and implicit attitudes.

Key words: Attitude, Disability, Nursing Student, Persons with disabilities.
Effectiveness of 4 Weeks Progressive Inhibition of Neuromuscular Structure (PINS) Technique with Conventional Treatment in Cervical Radiculopathy Patient: A Case Study
Authors: Chourasia Shilpa , Bhole Darshana
Published: September 2024

This case study presents the comprehensive physiotherapy management of a 45-year-old male patient named diagnosed with cervical radiculopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of progressive inhibition of neuromuscular structures technique with conventional interventions in reducing pain, symptoms, energy and posture, actions and activities, enhancing muscle strength and quality of life in patient. Baseline assessments revealed severe pain, increasing symptoms in arm and forearm during Median nerve tension test, significant functional limitations. The treatment plan incorporated Progressive inhibition of neuromuscular structure technique, exercise therapy, pain management techniques and education/self-management strategies. Pain management techniques included therapeutic hydrocollator packs and TENS, while Exercise therapy encompassed stretching, strengthening, and postural correction exercises. Education and self-management strategies focused on ergonomics, postural education, and a home exercise program. Evaluation of outcomes demonstrated significant improvements in pain intensity, symptoms, energy and posture, actions and activities, muscle strength and functional limitations decreased. The patient's quality of life also improved.

Key words: Cervical radiculopathy, Progressive Inhibition of Neuromuscular Structures, Conventional treatment, cervical radiculopathy impact scale
Implementation of Merdeka Curriculum in Urban Schools in Cepu, Blora Regency
Authors: Wijayanti Triana , Purnomo Arif
Published: September 2024

The aims of this research are (1) to understand the implementation of Curriculum Independence and Sharing in Social Studies learning at SMP Negeri 3 Cepu; (2) to investigate the process of teacher adaptation in implementing Curriculum Independence and Sharing in Social Studies learning at SMP Negeri 3 Cepu.
The research method used is descriptive qualitative with the research setting at SMP Negeri 3 Cepu. The focus of the research includes the implementation of Curriculum Independence and Sharing in Social Studies learning, teacher adaptation in implementing Curriculum Independence and Sharing in Social Studies learning, and evaluation of Curriculum Independence and Sharing in Social Studies learning at SMP Negeri 3 Cepu.
The result of this reseach showed that the implementation of Curriculum Independence and Sharing at SMP Negeri 3 Cepu is based on readiness and support from various parties such as the Blora Regency government, Blora Regency Education Office, as well as support from proactive teachers, prospective teacher leaders, school committees, and the community of SMP Negeri 3 Cepu. However, in Social Studies learning, the implementation of this curriculum faces challenges. Limited technological adaptation among teachers, especially those nearing retirement age, leads to monotonous teaching practices dominated by lectures. Consequently, the focus of learning remains teacher-centered rather than student-centered. Despite these challenges, teachers did not reject the school's policy but instead supported and agreed to implement Curriculum Independence and Sharing in Social Studies learning at SMP Negeri 3 Cepu.

Keywords: Curriculum Independence, Curriculum Implementation, Teacher Adaptation
Role of Forensics in Crime Investigation - A Review Article
Authors: Koul Rudhra , . Kirti , . Kanupriya
Published: September 2024

Forensic science plays a pivotal role in modern crime investigation, serving as a bridge between law enforcement and the judicial system. This interdisciplinary field encompasses various scientific techniques and methodologies that are employed to collect, preserve, and analyse physical evidence from crime scenes. Moreover, forensic science contributes to crime prevention by helping to establish patterns and profiles of criminal behaviour.

Keywords: Crime investigation; Judicial system and DNA analysis
Stability Indicating Method Development and Validation of Raloxifene HCl in Bulk and Formulation
Authors: Chaugule Aarti , Jain Ashish , Jadhav Vaishali
Published: September 2024

Raloxifene is a medication used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and used to reduce the risk of breast cancer in those at high risk. To developed a rapid, specific, accurate and precise method for Raloxifene HCL by Stability Indicating RP-HPLC. The method was developed using the mobile phase of Water: Acetonitrile (20:80) v/v (pH adjusted to 3.5) by orthophosphoric acid. Raloxifene was separated on Inertsil C18 Column [4.6x250mm, particle size 5μm] at wavelength 284nm. The flow rate is 0.7 mL/minute and the run time of 7 minutes. The Linearity was observed in concentrations ranging from 10 to 60 ppm, and assessed by the chromatographic condition (r2 0.999). The percentage relative standard deviation in precision (intraday and interday) studies was found to be less than 2%. Stability studies is been carried out which show degradation of drug which is less than 15 %. The method was found to be accurate, precise, robust, and specific as the drug peak did not interfere with the extra peaks during the forced degradation studies.

Keywords: Raloxifene HCL, RP-HPLC, ICH Guidelines, Stability-indicating.
Review of Financial Inclusion in Assam
Authors: Deka Lonibha
Published: September 2024

In the words of Mahatma Gandhi, development is “Sarvodaya through Antyodaya” which implies welfare of all through the upliftment of the weakest. In India the percentage of adult bank account holders as per the World Bank Global Findex report is 35% as on 2011. Financial inclusion refers to the process of including those segments of population who remined excluded from the ambit of formal financial system. The present study gives an overview of various indicators of financial inclusion in Assam and India for the period 2014-2024. Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI) of various districts of Assam is also calculated. The depiction of the results is found to be gloomy since majority of the districts of Assam is categorized under low IFI. Structured measures for increased usage and accessibility of banking services are need of the hour.

Keywords: Financial inclusion, bank, development, Index of Financial Inclusion.
Avaliação da Relação Neutrófilo-Linfócito na Mortalidade de Indivíduos com Insuficiência Cardíaca Aguda: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura
Authors: Borges Luisa Costa , Lopes Beatriz Giovanini , Samora Arthur Lyrio , Freitas Laura Nunes Sousa
Published: September 2024

A insuficiência cardíaca aguda (ICA) é uma síndrome resultante de anormalidades estruturais ou funcionais do coração, possivelmente associada à inflamação sistêmica. Nesse contexto, tem sido estudada como um possível marcador inflamatório de fácil acesso na prática clínica estudo objetiva verificar se há relação entre a RNL e a mortalidade por ICA, além de sua contribuição no [PL1] manejo e prognóstico da doença [PL2]. Os países de origem desses estudos são: Coreia do Sul, Espanha, Estados Unidos, Romênia e Turquia [PL4]. Evidências positivas foram encontradas para a hipótese de que a RNL se relaciona com a mortalidade por ICA. Assim, devem ser feitas as seguintes considerações: valores elevados de RNL foram preditores da descompensação de ICA e mortalidade intra-hospitalar; sendo que quanto maior esse marcador, piores os índices de sobrevida. Ademais, o baixo custo e amplo acesso do hemograma completo corroboram sua alta aplicabilidade. Nessa lógica, o desenvolvimento de mais estudos possibilitará valores de corte mais precisos e maior exatidão. Depreende-se, portanto, que a RNL se relaciona à mortalidade em ICA. Assim, o biomarcador é eficaz na estratificação de risco e prognóstico desses pacientes.
Exploring the Genomic Landscape of Local Adaptation in Serpentine Mimulus guttatus
Authors: Lawrence Amelia
Published: September 2024

Local adaptation arises when spatially divergent selection outpaces migration rates between habitats. Population-genomic scans often reveal candidate genes for local adaptation but struggle to quantify selection strength. Serpentine outcrops are ideal for studying local adaptation because their patchy distribution results in landscapes with abrupt changes from “normal soils” to serpentine. Serpentine soils are unconducive to most plant life due to low Ca:Mg ratios, limited macronutrients, and elevated heavy metals.

Reciprocal transplant experiments in model system Mimulus guttatus reveal extreme local adaptation to serpentine. Population genomic scans of pairs of adjacent serpentine and non-serpentine populations have identified dozens of candidate genes under divergent selection. What are the relative fitness contributions of these genes? I marry a classic mapping experiment with an Evolve Resequence approach to estimate fitness effects of each loci. I crossed two inbred lines, from adjacent serpentine and non-serpentine habitats, to form F2 progeny. I planted thousands of progeny on serpentine and control soils in the greenhouse, using captive bumblebees to ensure outcrossing. Survivor seeds, planted on parental soils, enable multi-generational adaptation. Pool-sequencing of each population detects loci responding to divergent selection, revealing key loci driving local adaptation to serpentine soil.
Upper boundary on tree cover at global drylands
Authors: Biancari Lucio
Published: September 2024

In a recent Tansley Review, Holdo and Nippert (2023) provided a comprehensive analysis of existing models that explain tree-grass coexistence along precipitation gradients in savannas. They proposed three key elements that a definitive savanna model should include and predicted the upper boundary pattern of tree cover based on the ‘Sankaran curve’ depending on soil texture. We tested this boundary pattern of tree cover in drylands using global field data (98 sites from 25 countries and six continents) accounting from a wide range of environmental conditions and grazing pressures. We found that the upper boundary on tree cover in global drylands increases with mean annual precipitation before reaching a threshold of 453 mm. Increasing grazing pressure significantly decreased this upper limit. However, the upper boundary on tree cover did not stabilize but instead decreased beyond this precipitation threshold. Our findings partially support the three coexistence mechanisms proposed by Holdo and Nippert and indicate some features that may be specific for water-limited rangelands: a lower precipitation threshold for the upper boundary on tree cover, a declining tree cover beyond the threshold, and an interplay between resource- and disturbance-based mechanisms. Overall, our findings advance our understanding of tree-grass coexistence in drylands and provide new elements to develop a definitive model of such coexistence across terrestrial ecosystems.
The impacts of saltwater intrusion and sea level rise on plant and microbial communities of coastal wetlands
Authors: Coughlin Aeran
Published: September 2024

Coastal freshwater forested wetlands provide important ecosystem services, yet are threatened by saltwater intrusion and sea level rise (SWISLR). In these systems, SWISLR is leading to increased marine salt exposure, soil alkalinization, and inundation. Remote sensing has revealed that nearly 10% of forested wetlands in the North American coastal plain have transitioned to shrubland or marsh since 1996. Despite the scale and importance of these community shifts, how the multivariate effects of SWISLR impact plant and microbial community turnover and diversity remains unresolved. In this study, we investigate the drivers of plant and microbial community turnover, diversity, and forest loss. We established three transects representing space-for-time gradients of saltwater exposure in the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula of North Carolina, USA. Along each transect, we surveyed plant community composition and collected soil cores for sequencing fungal (ITS2) and bacterial (16S) community DNA and soil chemistry analysis. Using model selection, we identified the strongest drivers of community turnover and diversity. We found that changes in soil salinity and pH were the greatest drivers of understory plant community turnover, while tree biomass was best predicted by inundation. For microbial communities, we observed complex interactions between salinity, pH, and inundation driving community turnover
The Cytokinin Receptors in Rice Have Overlapping and Specific Roles in Vegetative and Reproductive Development
Authors: Shouse Eva Mei
Published: September 2024

The diverse functions of the phytohormone cytokinin and its signaling pathway have been well studied in the model organism *Arabidopsis thaliana*. Although several studies have observed direct connections between cytokinin levels and yield, less is known about cytokinin signaling in the model monocot Oryza sativa, or rice. To elucidate the function of cytokinin in rice, we utilized CRISPR to generate a suite of cytokinin signaling mutants. In rice, four Histidine Kinases (HKs) serve as cytokinin receptors: HK3, HK4, HK5, and HK6. We phenotyped mutant rice lines containing all different combinations of null HK alleles to elucidate the specific functions of each receptor. With respect to vegetative development, HK3 and HK5 are most important for shoot elongation, whereas HK4 and HK6 are most important for cytokinin perception in the roots. Furthermore, HK6 alone displayed defects in trichome development. The redundancy of these pairs of HKs was also true for panicle development, as *hk3* and *hk5* mutants showed defects in secondary branch formation, whereas *hk4* and *hk6* mutants showed the strongest reduction in spikelet filling. Overall, the HK receptors show a combination of specificity and redundancy to control development at all stages of growth.