bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordinated plasticity maintains hydraulic safety in sunflower leaves
Authors: Cardoso Amanda A. , Brodribb Timothy J. , Lucani Christopher J. , DaMatta Fábio M. , McAdam Scott A.M.
Published: May 2018

The xylem cavitation threshold water potential establishes a hydraulic limit on the ability of woody species to survive in water‐limiting environments, but herbs may be more plastic in terms of their ability to adapt to drying conditions. Here, we examined the capacity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves to adapt to reduced water availability by modifying the sensitivity of xylem and stomata to soil water deficit. We found that sunflower plants grown under water‐limited conditions significantly adjusted leaf osmotic potential, which was linked to a prolongation of stomatal opening as soil dried and a reduced sensitivity of photosynthesis to water‐stress‐induced damage. At the same time, the vulnerability of midrib xylem to water‐stress‐induced cavitation was observed to be highly responsive to growth conditions, with water‐limited plants producing conduits with thicker cell walls which were more resistant to xylem cavitation. Coordinated plasticity in osmotic potential and xylem vulnerability enabled water‐limited sunflowers to safely extract water from the soil, while protecting leaf xylem against embolism. High plasticity in sunflower xylem contrasts with data from woody plants and may suggest an alternative strategy in herbs.
HRB2 and BBX21 interaction modulates Arabidopsis ABI5 locus and stomatal aperture
Authors: Kang Xiaojun , Xu Gang , Lee Byungha , Chen Chen , Zhang Huanan , Kuang Rui , Ni Min
Published: May 2018

Blue light triggers the opening of stomata in the morning to allow CO2 uptake and water loss through transpiration. During the day, plants may experience periodic drought and accumulate abscisic acid (ABA). ABA antagonizes blue light signalling through phosphatidic acid and reduces stomatal aperture. This study reveals a molecular mechanism by which two light signalling proteins interact to repress ABA signalling in the control of stomatal aperture. A hypersensitive to red and blue 2 (hrb2) mutant has a defective ATP‐dependent chromatin‐remodelling factor, PKL, in the chromodomain/helicase/DNA binding family. HRB2 enhances the light‐induced expression of a B‐box transcription factor gene, BBX21. BBX21 binds a T/G box in the ABI5 promoter and recruits HRB2 to modulate the chromatin structure at the ABI5 locus. Mutation in either HRB2 or BBX21 led to reduced water loss and ABA hypersensitivity. This hypersensitivity to ABA was well explained by the enhanced expression of the ABA signalling gene ABI5 in both mutants. Indeed, stomatal aperture was significantly reduced by ABI5 overexpression in the absence or presence of ABA under monochromatic light conditions. Overall, we present a regulatory loop in which two light signalling proteins repress ABA signalling to sustain gas exchange when plants experience periodic drought.
Histological findings in protocol biopsies following pediatric liver transplant: Low incidence of abnormalities at 5 years
Authors: Sheikh Amin , Chau Kai Y. , Evans Helen M.
Published: May 2018

Histological abnormalities, including chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, and steatosis, are increasingly reported in liver biopsies of children after LT. These changes may be progressive and represent a form of rejection. Liver biochemistry is often initially normal. Our LT program began in 2002, utilizing tacrolimus and low‐dose steroids for the first year post‐LT. Patients undergo a protocol biopsy at 1 year post‐LT prior to stopping steroids, then at 5 years and every 5 years thereafter. Target tacrolimus levels are 5‐8 μg/L and 3‐5 μg/L after 3 and 12 months, respectively. Between 2002 and 2009, 51 LT were performed; 50 (98%) and 49 (96%) patients survived for 1 and 5 years, respectively. A total of 43 patients (median age at LT 2.3 years) underwent a protocol biopsy at 1 year (16 male; median time post‐LT 12.5 months), and 44 (20 male; median time post‐LT 5.1 years) at 5 years. By 5 years, 3 had transferred to adult services; 1 was re‐transplanted for graft failure and 1 moved overseas. Biopsies were reviewed by 2 pathologists. Most patients (31/44) were on tacrolimus monotherapy at 5 years. At 1 and 5 years, 29 of 43 (67.5%) and 31 of 44 (71%) biopsies were normal, respectively. Two of 44 had chronic allograft hepatitis at 5 years. Two of 43 and 1 of 44 had isolated fibrosis, 3 of 43 and 3 of 44 steatosis, and 3 of 43 and 4 of 44 acute rejection at 1 and 5 years, respectively. Other findings included predominantly biliary changes (6/43 & 3/44 at 1 and 5 years, respectively). Tacrolimus levels at 5 years were slightly higher than anticipated (median trough level 5.8 μg/L). With an immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus and low‐dose steroids for 1 year followed by tacrolimus monotherapy thereafter, the majority of PLB were normal and no progressive changes were observed at 5 years. Compared to other LT programs, we have lower rates of chronic allograft hepatitis, steatosis, and fibrosis at 5 years. However, the tacrolimus levels at 5 years were higher than planned and this may have played a role. Further evaluation is also required to determine the potential long‐term adverse effects of corticosteroid use on linear growth and bone mineral density.
Outlaws, old laws and no laws: the prospects of gene editing for agriculture in United States
Authors: Parrott Wayne
Published: May 2018

The advent of genome‐edited products that are nearing commercialization in agriculture has highlighted that the US biotechnology regulatory system has not kept pace with technological advances. Of the three agencies that regulate engineered crops and animals for agriculture, only one has indicated how it will regulate edited plants. The Food and Drug Administration can regulate any plant, but has not indicated if it will single out edited plants. The US Department of Agriculture currently has no authority over edited plants when the edit is a deletion or does not contain any added DNA from a plant pest. Depending on how the statutes are interpreted, the Environmental Protection Agency might be able to regulate plants edited to tolerate pests and diseases. Labeling requirements also remain undefined. Regardless, sectors of the industry and some consumer groups are uneasy over editing technology, and may be the ultimate arbiters of whether edited products make it to market.
Fences can support restoration in human‐dominated ecosystems when rewilding with large predators
Authors: Bull Joseph W. , Ejrnæs Rasmus , Macdonald David W. , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Sandom Christopher J.
Published: May 2018

The use of fences in conservation can be controversial, as artificial barriers constrain natural behavior and ecological dynamics. However, in the case of large predators inhabiting protected areas within a hostile human‐dominated landscape, predators may remain at low densities if they face high mortality upon leaving the reserve. In turn, this may compromise the potential for density‐dependent effects such as top‐down regulation of prey species abundance. We simulate the hypothetical reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) to reserves in their former range (Scottish Highlands), with the objectives of identifying parameters that allow a viable wolf population and the potential for direct top‐down forcing of red deer (Cervus elaphus) densities. We examine the extent to which the number of dispersing wolves leaving the protected area influences whether these objectives are achieved. Our simulations confirm that source‐sink population dynamics can result in a self‐perpetuating wolf population, but one that never achieves densities needed for strong top‐down forcing. When wolf density is weakly controlled by intraspecific competition, strong top‐down forcing occurs when 20% of dispersing wolves or less leave the population. When 20–35% of dispersing wolves leave, the strength of top‐down forcing is highly variable. The wolf population remained viable when 35–60% of dispersing wolves left, but then did not exert strong top‐down forcing. Wolves were vulnerable to extinction at greater than 60% disperser loss. Despite their negative connotations, fences (including semi‐permeable ones) could increase the potential for interspecific density‐dependent processes in some cases, thereby facilitating trophic rewilding.
Towards lung preservation in curative surgical treatment of early stage non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nguyen Phan
Published: May 2018

See related Article
Advances on a Decision Analytic Approach to Exposure‐Based Chemical Prioritization
Authors: Wood Matthew D. , Plourde Kenton , Larkin Sabrina , Egeghy Peter P. , Williams Antony J. , Zemba Valerie , Linkov Igor , Vallero Daniel A.
Published: May 2018

The volume and variety of manufactured chemicals is increasing, although little is known about the risks associated with the frequency and extent of human exposure to most chemicals. The EPA and the recent signing of the Lautenberg Act have both signaled the need for high‐throughput methods to characterize and screen chemicals based on exposure potential, such that more comprehensive toxicity research can be informed. Prior work of Mitchell et al. using multicriteria decision analysis tools to prioritize chemicals for further research is enhanced here, resulting in a high‐level chemical prioritization tool for risk‐based screening. Reliable exposure information is a key gap in currently available engineering analytics to support predictive environmental and health risk assessments. An elicitation with 32 experts informed relative prioritization of risks from chemical properties and human use factors, and the values for each chemical associated with each metric were approximated with data from EPA's CP_CAT database. Three different versions of the model were evaluated using distinct weight profiles, resulting in three different ranked chemical prioritizations with only a small degree of variation across weight profiles. Future work will aim to include greater input from human factors experts and better define qualitative metrics.
The Formal Delegation of Regulatory Decisions in the Telecommunication Sector: An Explanation Using Classification Trees
Authors: González Camilo Ignacio , Verhoest Koen
Published: May 2018

Research on regulation has traditionally focused on studying the delegation of regulatory competencies from political principals to an independent regulatory agency. In this article, we argue that this delegation is nuanced by different factors that affect whether a specific regulatory decision is formally delegated. We examine and explain formal delegation patterns at the level of individual regulatory decisions in twelve countries located in Europe, Latin America, and South Asia. The data were gathered by coding the twelve countries' telecommunications legislation. The data analysis was undertaken using a classification tree model—a nonparametric model. We found that the maturity of the market has the greatest effect on the formal delegation of regulatory decisions, but this effect is also influenced by the other theoretical factors considered, particularly the level of political constraints and the type of regulation.
Detecting Epistatic Selection with Partially Observed Genotype Data by Using Copula Graphical Models
Authors: Behrouzi Pariya , Wit Ernst C.
Published: May 2018

In cross-breeding experiments it can be of interest to see whether there are any synergistic effects of certain genes. This could be by being particularly useful or detrimental to the individual. This type of effect involving multiple genes is called epistasis. Epistatic interactions can affect growth, fertility traits or even cause complete lethality. However, detecting epistasis in genomewide studies is challenging as multiple-testing approaches are underpowered. We develop a method for reconstructing an underlying network of genomic signatures of high dimensional epistatic selection from multilocus genotype data. The network captures the conditionally dependent short- and long-range linkage disequilibrium structure and thus reveals ‘aberrant’ marker–marker associations that are due to epistatic selection rather than gametic linkage. The network estimation relies on penalized Gaussian copula graphical models, which can account for a large number of markers p and a small number of individuals n. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method on simulated data sets as well as on genotyping data in Arabidopsis thaliana and maize.
Communicating Race: Canadian Foreign Correspondence on Citizenship 1945‐1977
Authors: Herzog Ben
Published: May 2018

In 1946, for the first time, Canada introduced the status of independent Canadian citizenship. Prime Minister Mackenzie King declared that the coming into force of the Canadian Citizenship Act of 1946 gave expression to the unity between French‐ and English‐speaking Canadians and ‘the vision of human brotherhood’. In this paper, I analyze the documents on Canadian external relations that deal with the Citizenship Act of 1946. The goal of this paper is not just to present the specific framing of national citizenship in Canada, but also to assess the transformation in language used to articulate it. In Canada, the encouragement or rejection of cross‐border movements and entrance into the Canadian polity was framed in terms of racial categorization and defence considerations. Indeed, the qualitative analysis of those documents reveals some of the methods by which racial prejudices were articulated in an era in which explicit racial categories began to be illegitimate.
The Stability Paradox: Why Expansion of Women's Education Has Not Delayed Early Union Formation or Childbearing in Latin America
Authors: Esteve Albert , Florez‐Paredes Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

Despite substantial improvements in women's education, the age at which Latin American women marry (cohabit) or become mothers for the first time has barely decreased over the past four decades. We refer to this as the “stability paradox.” We examine the relationship between years of schooling and transitions to first union or child, analyzing retrospective information from 50 cohorts of women born between 1940 and 1989 in 12 Latin American countries. Absolute and relative measures of schooling are compared. Data is drawn from 38 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 1986 and 2012 in these countries. Results show that expected postponement in family transitions due to educational expansion was offset by a rise in union formation and childbearing within strata of absolute education, but stayed approximately constant within strata of relative education. The relative measure of education retains the stratifying power of education but neutralizes any effect attached to a specific number of years of schooling and the learning skills associated with them. This is consistent with the idea that access to education in Latin America reproduces existing patterns of socioeconomic advantage, rather than creating a more equitable distribution of learning opportunities and outcomes.
Responses to positive affect, life satisfaction and self‐esteem: A cross‐lagged panel analysis during middle adolescence
Authors: Gomez‐Baya Diego , Mendoza Ramon , Gaspar Tania , Gomes Paulo
Published: May 2018

During middle adolescence, elevated stress and a greater presence of psychological disorders have been documented. The research has paid little attention to the regulation of positive affective states. Fredrickson's broaden‐and‐build theory suggests that cultivating positive emotions helps to build resources that boost well‐being. The current research aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between responses to positive affect (emotion‐focused positive rumination, self‐focused positive rumination, and dampening) and psychological adjustment (self‐esteem and life satisfaction) during middle adolescence. A longitudinal study with two waves separated by one year was conducted, assessing 977 adolescents (M = 13.81, SD = 0.79; 51.5% boys) with self‐report measures. A cross‐lagged panel analysis was performed by including within the same model the relationships between all of the variables in the two assessment points. The results indicated cross‐lagged positive relationships of self‐focused positive rumination with both self‐esteem and life satisfaction, while dampening showed a negative cross‐lagged relationship with self‐esteem. Moreover, higher self‐esteem predicted more emotion‐focused positive rumination, and more dampening predicted lower life satisfaction. Thus, the use of adaptive responses to positive affect and a better psychological adjustment were found to be prospectively interrelated at the one‐year follow‐up during middle adolescence. The discussion argues for the need to implement programmes to promote more adaptive responses to positive affect to enhance psychological adjustment in the adolescent transition to adulthood.
The HLA‐A*26:132 allele identified in a volunteer donor for hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Baek I.‐C. , Choi E.‐J. , Shin D.‐H. , Kim H.‐J. , Kim T.‐G.
Published: May 2018

HLA‐A*26:132 differs from HLA‐A*26:01:01:01 at nucleotides 269 and 346 in exons 2 and 3.
Next generation sequencing reveals a novel HLA null allele, HLA‐C*14:93 N
Authors: Pruszak J. , Bernheiden M. , Emmerich F.
Published: May 2018

HLA‐C*14:93 N differs from 14:02:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 502 in Exon 3.
Miscommunication in Doctor–Patient Communication
Authors: McCabe Rose , Healey Patrick G. T.
Published: May 2018

The effectiveness of medical treatment depends on the quality of the patient–clinician relationship. It has been proposed that this depends on the extent to which the patient and clinician build a shared understanding of illness and treatment. Here, we use the tools of conversation analysis (CA) to explore this idea in the context of psychiatric consultations. The CA “repair” framework provides an analysis of the processes people use to deal with problems in speaking, hearing, and understanding. These problems are especially critical in the treatment of psychosis where patients and health care professionals need to communicate about the disputed meaning of hallucinations and delusion. Patients do not feel understood, they are frequently non‐adherent with treatment, and many have poor outcomes. We present an overview of two studies focusing on the role of repair as a mechanism for producing and clarifying meaning in psychiatrist–patient communication and its association with treatment outcomes. The first study shows patient clarification or repair of psychiatrists’ talk is associated with better patient adherence to treatment. The second study shows that training which emphasizes the importance of building an understanding of patients’ psychotic experiences increases psychiatrists’ self‐repair. We propose that psychiatrists are working harder to make their talk understandable and acceptable to the patient by taking the patient's perspective into account. We conclude that these findings provide evidence that repair is an important mechanism for building shared understanding in doctor–patient communication and contributes to better therapeutic relationships and treatment adherence. The conversation analytic account of repair is currently the most sophisticated empirical model for analyzing how people construct shared meaning and understanding. Repair appears to reflect greater commitment to and engagement in communication and improve both the quality and outcomes of communication. Reducing potential miscommunication between psychiatrists and their patients with psychosis is a low‐cost means of enhancing treatment from both the psychiatrist and patient perspective. Given that misunderstanding and miscommunication are particularly problematic in psychosis, this is critical for improving the longer term outcomes of treatment for these patients who often have poor relationships with psychiatrists and health care services more widely.
Editors' Introduction: Miscommunication
Authors: Healey Patrick G. T. , de Ruiter Jan P. , Mills Gregory J.
Published: May 2018

Miscommunication is a neglected issue in the cognitive sciences, where it has often been discounted as noise in the system. This special issue argues for the opposite view: Miscommunication is a highly structured and ubiquitous feature of human interaction that systematically underpins people's ability to create and maintain shared languages. Contributions from conversation analysis, computational linguistics, experimental psychology, and formal semantics provide evidence for these claims. They highlight the multi‐modal, multi‐person character of miscommunication. They demonstrate the incremental, contingent, and locally adaptive nature of the processes people use to detect and deal with miscommunication. They show how these processes can drive language change. In doing so, these contributions introduce an alternative perspective on what successful communication is, new methods for studying it, and application areas where these ideas have a particular impact. We conclude that miscommunication is not noise but essential to the productive flexibility of human communication, especially our ability to respond constructively to new people and new situations.
Apple fruit acidity is genetically diversified by natural variations in three hierarchical epistatic genes: MdSAUR37, MdPP2CH and MdALMTII
Authors: Jia Dongjie , Shen Fei , Wang Yi , Wu Ting , Xu Xuefeng , Zhang Xinzhong , Han Zhenhai
Published: May 2018

Many efforts have been made to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to facilitate practical marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in plants. In the present study, using MapQTL and BSA‐seq (bulk segregant analysis using next generation sequencing) with two independent pedigree‐based populations, we identified four major genome‐wide QTLs responsible for apple fruit acidity. Candidate genes were screened in major QTL regions, and three functional gene markers, including a non‐synonymous A/G single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the coding region of MdPP2CH, a 36‐bp insertion in the promoter of MdSAUR37 and a previously reported SNP in MdALMTII, were validated to influence the malate content of apple fruits. In addition, MdPP2CH inactivated three vacuolar H+‐ATPases (MdVHA‐A3, MdVHA‐B2 and MdVHA‐D2) and one aluminium‐activated malate transporter (MdALMTII) via dephosphorylation and negatively influenced fruit malate accumulation. The dephosphotase activity of MdPP2CH was suppressed by MdSAUR37, which implied a higher hierarchy of genetic interaction. Therefore, the MdSAUR37/MdPP2CH/MdALMTII chain cascaded hierarchical epistatic genetic effects to precisely determine apple fruit malate content. An A/G SNP (−1010) on the MdMYB44 promoter region from a major QTL (qtl08.1) was closely associated with fruit malate content. The predicted phenotype values (PPVs) were estimated using the tentative genotype values of the gene markers, and the PPVs were significantly correlated with the observed phenotype values. Our findings provide an insight into plant genome‐based selection in apples and will aid in conducting research to understand the fundamental physiological basis of quantitative genetics.
Effects of losartan and allopurinol on cardiorespiratory regulation in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Morgan Barbara J. , Teodorescu Mihaela , Pegelow David F. , Jackson Emily R. , Schneider Devin L. , Plante David T. , Gapinski James P. , Hetzel Scott J. , Dopp John M.
Published: May 2018

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

In sleep apnoea, a putative link between intermittent hypoxia and hypertension is the generation of oxygen radicals by angiotensin II and xanthine oxidase within the chemoreflex arc and vasculature. We tested whether chemoreflex control of sympathetic outflow, hypoxic vasodilatation and blood pressure are altered by angiotensin blockade (losartan) and/or xanthine oxidase inhibition (allopurinol).

What is the main finding and its importance?

Both drugs lowered blood pressure without altering sympathetic outflow, reducing chemoreflex sensitivity or enhancing hypoxic vasodilatation. Losartan and allopurinol are effective therapies for achieving blood pressure control in sleep apnoea.

Chemoreflex sensitization produced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats is attenuated by angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockade. Both AT1R blockade and xanthine oxidase inhibition ameliorate chronic intermittent hypoxia‐induced endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that treatment with losartan and allopurinol would reduce chemoreflex sensitivity and improve hypoxic vasodilatation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Eighty‐six hypertensive patients with apnoea–hypopnoea index ≥25 events h−1 and no other cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal or metabolic disease were randomly assigned to receive allopurinol, losartan or placebo for 6 weeks. Treatment with other medications and/or continuous positive airway pressure remained unchanged. Tests of chemoreflex sensitivity and hypoxic vasodilatation were performed during wakefulness before and after treatment. Ventilation (pneumotachography), muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography), heart rate (electrocardiography), arterial oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry), blood pressure (sphygmomanometry), forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) and cerebral flow velocity (transcranial Doppler ultrasound) were measured during eupnoeic breathing and graded reductions in inspired O2 tension. Losartan and allopurinol lowered arterial pressure measured during eupnoeic breathing and exposure to acute hypoxia. Neither drug altered the slopes of ventilatory, sympathetic or cardiovascular responses to acute hypoxia. We conclude that losartan and allopurinol are viable pharmacotherapeutic adjuncts for achieving blood pressure control in hypertensive obstructive sleep apnoea patients, even those who are adequately treated with continuous positive airway pressure.
Two new species of Papillacarus (Acari, Oribatida, Lohmanniidae) from China
Authors: Ren Guoru , Yang Maofa , Liang Wenqin , Xie Lixia
Published: May 2018

Two new species of Lohmanniidae, Papillacarus (Papillacarus) internus sp. nov. from soil in Hainan Province, South China and Papillacarus (Vepracarus) hexagonus sp. nov. from rotten tree and soil in Chongqing City, Southwest China are described and illustrated. Papillacarus (P.) internus sp. nov. is most similar to Papillacarus (P.) lienhardi (Mahunka, 1997), however, it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: 29–30 pairs of additional neotrichal setae, seta c1 shorter than c2, all genital setae setiform and smooth. Papillacarus (V.) hexagonus sp. nov. is most similar to Papillacarus (V.) gueyeae (Pérez-Íñigo, 1989), however, it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: 38 pairs of additional neotrichal setae, 7 pairs of subcapitula setae, epimeral formula 9-4-3-4.
Automatic fish sounds classification
Authors: Malfante Marielle , Mars Jérôme I. , Dalla Mura Mauro , Gervaise Cédric
Published: May 2018

The work presented in this paper focuses on the use of acoustic systems for passive acoustic monitoring of ocean vitality for fish populations. Specifically, it focuses on the use of acoustic systems for passive acoustic monitoring of ocean vitality for fish populations. To this end, various indicators can be used to monitor marine areas such as both the geographical and temporal evolution of fish populations. A discriminative model is built using supervised machine learning (random-forest and support-vector machines). Each acquisition is represented in a feature space, in which the patterns belonging to different semantic classes are as separable as possible. The set of features proposed for describing the acquisitions come from an extensive state of the art in various domains in which classification of acoustic signals is performed, including speech, music, and environmental acoustics. Furthermore, this study proposes to extract features from three representations of the data (time, frequency, and cepstral domains). The proposed classification scheme is tested on real fish sounds recorded on several areas, and achieves 96.9% correct classification compared to 72.5% when using reference state of the art features as descriptors. The classification scheme is also validated on continuous underwater recordings, thereby illustrating that it can be used to both detect and classify fish sounds in operational scenarios.
Cataloging fish sounds in the wild using combined acoustic and video recordings
Authors: Mouy Xavier , Rountree Rodney , Juanes Francis , Dosso Stan E.
Published: May 2018

Although many fish are soniferous, few of their sounds have been identified, making passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) ineffective. To start addressing this issue, a portable 6-hydrophone array combined with a video camera was assembled to catalog fish sounds in the wild. Sounds are detected automatically in the acoustic recordings and localized in three dimensions using time-difference of arrivals and linearized inversion. Localizations are then combined with the video to identify the species producing the sounds. Uncertainty analyses show that fish are localized near the array with uncertainties < 50 cm. The proposed system was deployed off Cape Cod, MA and used to identify sounds produced by tautog (Tautoga onitis), demonstrating that the methodology can be used to build up a catalog of fish sounds that could be used for PAM and fisheries management.
Tuning peptide self-assembly by an in-tether chiral center
Authors: Hu Kuan , Jiang Yixiang , Xiong Wei , Li Hu , Zhang Pei-Yu , Yin Feng , Zhang Qianling , Geng Hao , Jiang Fan , Li Zhou , Wang Xinwei , Li Zigang
Published: May 2018

Peptide nanomaterials were assembled by using helical peptides and served as active materials in supercapacitors.
Raymond Newcomb
Authors: Jones Trevor , Kippax Ian
Published: May 2018

A vet whose work on mammalian reproduction helped to launch an international industry that was the basis for developments in the field of human reproduction.
Therapeutic administration of enrofloxacin in mice does not select for fluoroquinolone resistance inCampylobacter jejuni
Authors: Inglis G. Douglas , Zaytsoff Sarah J.M. , Selinger L. Brent , Taboada Eduardo N. , Uwiera Richard R.E.
Published: May 2018

Enrofloxacin is registered for therapeutic use in beef cattle to treat bovine respiratory disease in Canada. A murine model was used to experimentally examine the impact of therapeutic administration of enrofloxacin on fluoroquinolone resistance development in Campylobacter jejuni. Administration of enrofloxacin to mice via subcutaneous injection or per os routes resulted in equivalent levels of bioactive enrofloxacin within the intestine, but bioactivity was short-lived (<48 h after cessation). Enrofloxacin administration did not affect densities of total bacteria, Firmicutes, or Bacteroidetes in digesta and had modest impacts on densities of Enterobacteriaceae. All mice inoculated with C. jejuni NCTC 11168 became persistently colonized by the bacterium. Enrofloxacin reduced C. jejuni cell densities within the cecal and colonic digesta for all treatments, and densities shed in feces as a function of antibiotic duration. None of the C. jejuni isolates recovered from mice after administration of enrofloxacin (n = 260) developed resistance to ciprofloxacin regardless of method or duration of administration. Furthermore, only modest shifts in the minimum inhibitory concentration of the isolates by treatment were noted. The study findings indicate that the risk posed by short-term subcutaneous administration of enrofloxacin for the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in mammals is low.
Double charmonia production in exclusive Z-boson decays
Authors: Likhoded A. K. , Luchinsky A. V.
Published: May 2018

This paper is devoted to systematic analysis of double charmonium production in exclusive Z-boson decays in the framework of non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) and leading twist light-cone (LC) models. Theoretical predictions for branching fractions of all considered decays are presented. According to the obtained results in the case of the allowed helicity suppression rule processes, the effect of internal quark motion increases the branching fractions by a factor 1.5, while for forbidden reactions the LC predictions are strictly zero, while NRQCD ones are significantly smaller than for allowed.
Rareb-hadron decays as probe of new physics
Authors: Lanfranchi Gaia
Published: May 2018

The unexpected absence of unambiguous signals of New Physics (NP) at the TeV scale at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) puts today flavor physics at the forefront. In particular, rare decays of b-hadrons represent a unique probe to challenge the Standard Model (SM) paradigm and test models of NP at a scale much higher than that accessible by direct searches. This article reviews the status of the field.
Noncommutative massive unquenched ABJM
Authors: Bea Yago , Jokela Niko , Pönni Arttu , Ramallo Alfonso V.
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we study noncommutative massive unquenched Chern–Simons matter theory using its gravity dual. We construct this novel background by applying a TsT-transformation on the known parent commutative solution. We discuss several aspects of this solution to the Type IIA supergravity equations of motion and, amongst others, check that it preserves [Formula: see text] supersymmetry. We then turn our attention to applications and investigate how dynamical flavor degrees of freedom affect numerous observables of interest. Our framework can be regarded as a key step toward the construction of holographic quantum Hall states on a noncommutative plane.
Regularized inner products of meromorphic modular forms and higher Green’s functions
Authors: Bringmann Kathrin , Kane Ben , von Pippich Anna-Maria
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we study generalizations of Poincaré series arising from quadratic forms, which naturally occur as outputs of theta lifts. Integrating against them yields evaluations of higher Green’s functions. For this we require a new regularized inner product, which is of independent interest.
Convex components
Authors: Carozza M. , Giannetti F. , Leonetti F. , di Napoli A. Passarelli
Published: May 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a closed, bounded set such that [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a family of closed convex sets. We establish an estimate from below of the minimal number of the convex components of [Formula: see text].
Axial symmetry causality violating spacetime and the naked singularity
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin
Published: May 2018

A non-spherical solution of Einstein’s field equations, possessing a naked curvature singularity on the symmetry axis, satisfying the strong curvature condition, is presented. The spacetime admits closed timelike curves which appear after a certain instant of time in a causally well-behaved manner. The matter–energy content radiation fields, coupled with anisotropic fluids, obeying the energy conditions, diverge on the symmetry axis.
Synthesis and characterization of six-coordinate iron(II/III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrinato complexes with non-hindered imidazole ligands
Authors: Wang Haimang , Wei Xuehong , Li Jianfeng
Published: May 2018

Four bis-imidazole iron(II/III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato (TFPP) complexes, [Fe(TFPP)(1-MeIm)[Formula: see text]], [Fe(TFPP)(1-VinylIm)[Formula: see text]], [Fe(TFPP)(4-MeHIm)[Formula: see text]]Cl and [Fe(TFPP)(1-EtIm)[Formula: see text]]BF[Formula: see text] (1-MeIm [Formula: see text] 1-methylimidazole, 1-VinylIm [Formula: see text] 1-vinylimidazole, 4-MeHIm [Formula: see text] 4-methylimidazole and 1-EtIm [Formula: see text] 1-ethylimidazole) were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray and UV-vis spectroscopy. A negative correlation is found between the absolute imidazole orientation ([Formula: see text] and the Fe–N[Formula: see text] distance for the [Fe(II)(Porph)(Im)[Formula: see text]] (Im [Formula: see text] 1-MeIm or 4-MeHIm) complexes where the smaller [Formula: see text] angle corresponds to a longer axial distance. Hydrogen bonding, which might affect the orientations of the axial imidazoles is found for Fe(TFPP)(4-MeHIm)[Formula: see text]]Cl (A and B). The autoreduction of [Fe(III)(TFPP)]Cl to [Fe(II)(TFPP)(1-MeIm)[Formula: see text]] with 1-methylimidazole has been monitored by UV-vis spectroscopic titration.
Case study: the effective use of non-intrusive techniques to maximize value obtained from traditional methods of site investigation
Authors: Owen S. , Owens M. , Tuckwell G.
Published: May 2018

Many brownfield sites undergoing redevelopment contain a significant number of ground conditions such as buried foundations and structures that may be unknown to the developer or purchaser. Effective ground investigation using geophysical technologies can localize anomalies on site that highlight these features and is then followed by intrusive investigation. This case study describes how a site-wide geophysical survey was used in conjunction with targeted standard intrusive methods to evaluate the extent of remnant buried structures on a brownfield site. The end result provided a more comprehensive understanding of the site than could have been obtained by undertaking intrusive investigations alone. The combination of geophysics and intrusive investigation can provide more valuable information than that gained by using either in isolation.
Machine Reading of Biomedical Data Dictionaries
Authors: Ashish Naveen , Patawari Arihant
Published: May 2018

This article describes an approach for the automated reading of biomedical data dictionaries. Automated reading is the process of extracting element details for each of the data elements from a data dictionary in a document format (such as PDF) to a completely structured representation. A structured representation is essential if the data dictionary metadata are to be used in applications such as data integration and also in evaluating the quality of the associated data. We present an approach and implemented solution for the problem, considering different formats of data dictionaries. We have a particular focus on the most challenging format with a machine-learning classification solution to the problem using conditional random field classifiers. We present an evaluation using several actual data dictionaries, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.
How to Think About Social Identity
Authors: Kalin Michael , Sambanis Nicholas
Published: May 2018

What does it mean to identify with a social group? Are individuals’ group attachments tied to material or nonmaterial payoffs? What is the existing evidence for social identification due to nonmaterial payoffs? When do identities matter and for what sorts of behaviors? We highlight findings from several literatures in political science, ranging from voting and redistribution to violence and conflict, focusing on nonmaterial, identity-based motivations for behavior in these domains. Doing so allows us to draw out commonalities across research areas that are often held in isolation from one another and that frequently employ overlapping terminology. We summarize important findings and identify open questions; these questions include what the role played by elites is in shaping mass mobilization around identities and what the relationship is between social identities and social norms.
Identification and Validation of Radiographic Enhancement for Reliable Differentiation of CD117(+) Benign Renal Oncocytoma and Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Amin Jay , Xu Bo , Badkhshan Shervin , Creighton Terrance T. , Abbotoy Daniel , Murekeyisoni Christine , Attwood Kristopher M. , Schwaab Thomas , Hendler Craig , Petroziello Michael , Roche Charles L. , Kauffman Eric C.
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The diagnostic differential for CD117/KIT(+) oncocytic renal tumor biopsies is limited to benign renal oncocytoma versus chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC); however, further differentiation is often challenging and requires surgical resection. We investigated clinical variables that might improve preoperative differentiation of CD117(+) renal oncocytoma versus ChRCC to avoid the need for benign tumor resection.

Experimental Design: A total of 124 nephrectomy patients from a single institute with 133 renal oncocytoma or ChRCC tumors were studied. Patients from 2003 to 2012 comprised a retrospective cohort to identify clinical/radiographic variables associated with renal oncocytoma versus ChRCC. Prospective validation was performed among consecutive renal oncocytoma/ChRCC tumors resected from 2013 to 2017.

Results: Tumor size and younger age were associated with ChRCC, and multifocality with renal oncocytoma; however, the most reliable variable for ChRCC versus renal oncocytoma differentiation was the tumor:cortex peak early-phase enhancement ratio (PEER) using multiphase CT. Among 54 PEER-evaluable tumors in the retrospective cohort [19 CD117(+), 13 CD117(−), 22 CD117-untested], PEER classified each correctly as renal oncocytoma (PEER >0.50) or ChRCC (PEER ≤0.50), except for four misclassified CD117(−) ChRCC variants. Prospective study of PEER confirmed 100% accuracy of renal oncocytoma/ChRCC classification among 22/22 additional CD117(+) tumors. Prospective interobserver reproducibility was excellent for PEER scoring (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.97) and perfect for renal oncocytoma/ChRCC assignment (ICC = 1.0).

Conclusions: In the largest clinical comparison of renal oncocytoma versus ChRCC to our knowledge, we identified and prospectively validated a reproducible radiographic measure that differentiates CD117(+) renal oncocytoma from ChRCC with potentially 100% accuracy. PEER may allow reliable biopsy-based diagnosis of CD117(+) renal oncocytoma, avoiding the need for diagnostic nephrectomy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3898–907. ©2018 AACR.
E elas viveram felizes para sempre: a perspectiva queer em A princesa e a costureira, de Janaina Leslão
Authors: Neves Lígia de Amorim
Published: May 2018

Este artigo objetiva analisar como o conto de fadas A princesa e a costureira (2015), de Janaína Leslão, propõe uma leitura crítica a respeito da heterossexualidade compulsória em diálogo com outras estruturas de poder que sustentam a inteligibilidade de gênero. Para tanto, empreendem-se as perspectivas dos estudos queer.
Aspectos da oralidade em Niktche, uma história de poligamia, de Paulina Chiziane
Authors: Silva Jéssica Fabrícia da
Published: May 2018

Este artigo pretende observar como a oralidade compõe o processo de escrita da moçambicana Paulina Chiziane em seu romance Niketche: uma história de poligamia, pois, no que tange aos processos de escritas utilizados neste livro, há uma oralidade pulsante que coordenada toda a estrutura narrativa.
O discurso que resiste: as narrativas sobre a homoafetividade feminina escritas por mulheres na literatura brasileira
Authors: Almeida Ana Luiza
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho é um esboço sobre o percurso da expressão da homoafetividade feminina na literatura brasileira, levando em consideração obras literárias escritas por mulheres. A pretensão é analisar os espaços que possibilitam a expressão do tema e as suas representações no meio literário, refletindo sobre a possibilidade de pensar o gênero a partir da subversão de uma de suas matrizes de inteligibilidade que é o desejo heterossexual compulsório.
Entre o corpo e a palavra: recriações e resistências na poesia brasileira contemporânea
Authors: Silva Douglas Rosa da
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo apresenta um exercício de leitura centrado em textos específicos de cinco poetas brasileiras contemporâneas. Com o desígnio de observar as relações entre a resistência da palavra e as recriações do corpo, o artigo intersecciona poéticas de modo a discutir as possíveis reumanizações dos sentidos ocasionadas pela linguagem poética.
Um canto de santomensidade em Histórias da Gravana, de Olinda Beja
Authors: Santos Thaíse de Santana , Rodrigues Inara de Oliveira
Published: May 2018

Apresenta-se uma análise dos contos “Lembranças de Ponta Figo” e “Homenagem”, da escritora são-tomense Olinda Beja, publicados em Histórias da Gravana (2011). O objetivo do trabalho é reconhecer como são representados os sentidos de identidade e resistência nessas narrativas. O conjunto de contos que compõem a referida obra literária exala sentidos de santomensidade e, dessa maneira, a literatura apresenta-se como forma de resistência identitária com grande importância na construção de um ideário de nação.
A narrativa portuguesa contemporânea e a representação feminina: uma breve análise de dois romances de Dulce Maria Cardoso
Authors: Ramis Paula Renata Lucas Collares
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a configuração de personagens femininas em dois romances de Dulce Maria Cardoso. Deseja-se analisar o discurso produzido por suas personagens, observando de que forma tais romances estabelecem contrastes com as velhas imagens do feminino, consagradas por escritores de períodos anteriores.
A tomada de consciência em A paixão segundo G.H.: uma perspectiva do feminismo existencialista
Authors: Fonseca Ludmilla Carvalho
Published: May 2018

A proposta deste artigo é investigar a tomada de consciência em A Paixão Segundo G.H., de Clarice Lispector, como uma perspectiva do feminismo existencialista na literatura clariceana. O principal objetivo é demonstrar que o feminismo existencialista presente na obra em questão está vinculado ao fenômeno da tomada de consciência vivida pela personagem G.H.
Entre a persistência na tradição e a aceitação da modernidade: o lugar da mulher moçambicana em contos de Aníbal Aleluia e Mia Couto
Authors: Nóbrega Maria Marta dos Santos Silva
Published: May 2018

Na narrativa produzida por homens em Moçambique, geralmente a mulher apresenta-se subalternizada, condição que lhe impôs o sistema patriarcalismo herdado do colonialismo europeu. O presente artigo propõe-se demonstrar que a contista de Mia Couto e Aníbal Aleluia foge dessa generalização e apresenta a mulher como símbolo de resistência à política de assimilação, atribuindo-lhe um papel de agente responsável pela manutenção de valores da cultura local.
O canto de Caetano da Costa Alegre no contexto do final do séc. XIX em Portugal
Authors: Palmeira Naduska Mário
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é o de situar a poesia de Caetano da Costa Alegre, poeta são-tomense, no contexto das literaturas produzidas em Portugal e na Europa no final do século XIX, além de analisar as condições sócio-culturais e afetivas no espaço de enunciação do autor. Como base teórica, as reflexões de Eça de Queiroz acerca da Europa e da imagem que se fazia do homem africano à época são uma chave para a análise da obra do poeta das ilhas, muitas vezes caracterizado pelo poeta da “cor dolorosa”.
A mulher na cena literária em Paulina Chiziane e Conceição Evaristo: diálogos de resistência.
Authors: David Nismária Alves
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os contos “As cicatrizes do amor”, da escritora moçambicana Paulina Chiziane, e “Quantos filhos Natalina teve?”, da escritora afro-brasileira Conceição Evaristo. Para tanto, considera o conceito de gênero como categoria de análise. Ambas as autoras evidenciam a mulher na cena literária e é possível reconhecer, em seus textos, diálogos de resistência.