bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of quantitative ultrasonography and dual X-ray absorptiometry for bone status assessment in South African children living with HIV
Authors: Roberts Jackson A. , Shen Yanhan , Strehlau Renate , Patel Faeezah , Kuhn Louise , Coovadia Ashraf , Kaufman Jonathan J. , Shiau Stephanie , Arpadi Stephen M. , Yin Michael T.
Published: October 2022

Children living with HIV (CLHIV) have decreased bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), increasing risk for fracture and future osteoporosis. While DXA is the gold-standard for bone assessments, it lacks availability in resource-constrained settings (RCS). Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) offers an alternative owing to its portability, low cost, ease of handling, and lack of ionizing radiation. While QUS has detected reduced bone quality in CLHIV, the relationship between QUS and DXA in this population remains unexplored. At baseline and 12 months, BMC and BMD of the whole body, lumbar spine, and radius were measured by DXA in a longitudinal cohort of CLHIV in Johannesburg, South Africa. Calcaneal speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and radius SOS were obtained by QUS, and calcaneal stiffness index (SI) was calculated. Spearman correlations, with and without HIV stratification, were performed between QUS and DXA measurements at each visit and for absolute difference in measurements between visits. At baseline and 12-months, calcaneal BUA and SI displayed strong positive correlations with DXA, with only modest correlations between radial QUS and DXA at baseline. Longitudinal measures of QUS did not correlate with DXA. At both baseline and 12-months, individuals with DXA whole-body BMD z-score < -1 displayed significantly lower calcaneal BUA and SI. Cross-sectionally, calcaneal QUS correlates strongly with whole body DXA and may represent a viable diagnostic alternative in RCS. Longitudinally, the two methods do not correlate well, possibly reflecting that each method assesses distinct aspects of bone architecture.
Interchange
Authors: Gray Rachel
Published: October 2022

Interchange is a meditation on communication commissioned for PostScript, a series on Accessibility and Publishing presented by Public Access and Tangled Arts + Disability. The film is about my relationship with language and my experience growing up with a learning disability. The work harnesses spoken and written language, animation, video footage and photography to examine the joys, inequalities and complications entangled in our shared need to create and connect.
In conversation: Excerpts from interviews with George Kerscher, Farrah Little, Daniella Levy-Pinto, Amy Rollason and Adam Rallo.
Authors: Newman Shawn , Kerscher George , Little Farrah , Levy-Pinto Danielle , Rollason Amy , Rallo Adam
Published: October 2022

Highlights from interviews with George Kerscher, Farrah Little, Daniella Levy-Pinto, Amy Rollason and Adam Rallo conducted by Shawn Newman.
Be careful What You Say
Authors: Oduro Kofi
Published: October 2022

Becareful What You Say takes the premise that some things that are said, heard, touched, seen aren’t always what they seem to be. It takes this form in both a literary and visual form to take notice of how our differences should be embraced and should not be considered a hindrance but rather a showcase.
New Evidence of Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on the Prognosis of Patients With Advanced Liver Disease
Authors: Lee Hankil , Yoo Jeong-Ju , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Beom Kyung
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Oral branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) might benefit patients with advanced liver disease. We assess its effects on prognosis compared with control from the meta-analysis.

METHODS:

Study end points were development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mortality, and overall liver-related events (LREs). Risk ratios (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using random effects model and heterogeneity using I2 statistic.

RESULTS:

Twenty-eight studies were included in this meta-analysis; 1,578 and 1,727 patients in oral BCAAs and control groups, respectively. From studies using RRs as outcome measures, oral BCAAs were better in preventing HE and LRE than controls, with RRs 0.684 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.497–0.941; P = 0.019) and 0.788 (95% CI 0.585–0.810; P < 0.001), respectively. Oral BCAAs had marginal effect on preventing HCC compared with control, with RR 0.791 (95% CI 0.619–1.011; P = 0.061); no significant difference in mortality was detected. From studies using HRs as outcome measures, oral BCAAs were superior to control in preventing LRE with adjusted HR 0.497 (95% CI 0.321–0.770; P = 0.002). In subgroups undergoing HCC resection, oral BCAAs had beneficial effect in preventing HE (RR 0.716, 95% CI 0.514–0.996; P = 0.047) and LRE (RR 0.716, 95% CI 0.595–0.860; P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

Oral BCAAs could afford clinical benefits in reducing HE and LRE risks, especially among patients undergoing HCC resection.
Aportes para la Flora de Argentina: lectotipificaciones, nuevos sinónimos y registros en Borreria (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Miguel Laila M. , Sobrado Sandra V. , Cabral Elsa L.
Published: October 2022

As part of the advances in the results of the Flora Argentina Project about the family Rubiaceae, taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties in species of the genus Borreria are presented. Lectotypes are designated for five names: B. advena, B. asclepiadea, B. brachystemonoides, B. dasycephala, and B. staurochlamys. B. quadrifaria is proposed as a new synonym of B. rubrostipulata, and B. advena of B. dasycephala; in addition, a new combination is presented, B. orinocensis. Three species: B. alata, B. cupularis, and B. remota, are cited as new records for the flora, which are illustrated and represented on a distribution map. Finally, an updated key to Borreria species that grows in Argentina is presented.
Road safety on the example of the city of Bytom
Authors: Matuszak Zbigniew , Nowak Agnieszka , Żabińska Iwona , Martínez de Osés Francesc
Published: October 2022

National Road Safety Program 2013-2020 assumes to reduce fatalities by half and seriously injured by 40% from 2010 to 2020. It means that no more than 2,000 people per year should die on Polish roads and no more than 6,900 people should suffer serious injuries in traffic accidents. The experience of other European Union countries with improving road safety gives hope that these goals are still realistic, but there is a need to intensify the activities carried out in this area. In Poland, more and more institutions are taking part in the process of improving road safety: state institutions, non-governmental organizations, local governments, enterprises, scientific and research institutions, the media and many others. The study presents the problem of road safety in the city of Bytom on the basis of its analysis in the years 2013-2017. It discusses the types of road accidents and their classification. Moreover, the paper describes the issues illustrating the situation on roads that have a particular impact on the safety level of road users, among others, the number of road accidents, reasons for their occurrence, the consequences and groups of perpetrators of accidents. It also describes actions and initiatives taken to improve road safety in the city of Bytom.
Evaluation of the Life Cycle Costs for urban buses equipped with conventional and hybrid drive trains
Authors: Szumska Emilia , Pawełczyk Marek , Pistek Vaclav
Published: October 2022

The life cycle cost (LCC) methodology provides understanding of economic aspects of urban buses equipped with different types of propulsion. The LCC analysis delivers the sum of costs related to the acquisition, operation, repair and maintenance disposal as well as the costs for the each bus power train technology. The method allows to take into account all costs for the whole vehicle’s life cycle and creates a recondition for precise information database for decision making. In addition to the economic factors LCC can be extended to environmental aspects such as greenhouse gases emissions. The environmental impacts of the vehicle lifetime may be presented in monetary values. The paper presents the Life Cycle Cost analysis undertaken for urban buses fitted with conventional, series hybrid and parallel hybrid drives. Provided LCC analysis includes the economic and environmental aspects. The paper also delivers the evaluation of the total air pollutant emissions for all stages of lifetime of the each analysed urban bus. The results show that the hybrids have slightly lower life cycle cost than conventional bus. Moreover, hybrid buses were found to have lower life cycle environmental impacts.
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE
FOR THE MODERN TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors: Lakhmetkina Natalia , Poliak Milos , Oleinikov Alexander
Published: October 2022

High - quality transport infrastructure is one of the key elements of the modern economy. At present, in the context of growing transportations volume, the development of transport infrastructure is of particular importance for all countries. The role of dry ports in constructing cross-border logistics networks attracts more attention to the countries governments. This article discusses the concept of "dry port" as an element of transport and logistics infrastructure for the modern transport system, and the prospects for the development of such facilities in international significance. The paper focused on the modern transportation network, which connects the inland cross-border logistics network through dry ports through concept of smart logistics at the macro level on the scale of continental cooperation in Eurasia. The main goal of this article is to develop a methodology for the formation of integrated infrastructure management of international importance in the concept of "Dry port" and "Smart logistics", taking into account the peculiarities of the use of transport and cross-border infrastructure of countries for the formation of new transport solutions in the East-West-East corridors.
Nitrogen oxides concentrations and heat release characteristics of the Perkins 1104D-E44TA dual-fuel engine running with natural gas and diesel
Authors: Kurczyński Dariusz , Łagowski Piotr , Pukalskas Saugirdas
Published: October 2022

In the near future, natural gas may become a fuel, which will see increased use in powering internal combustion engines. Due to its properties, it can be used to power spark-ignition engines without major obstacles. Yet using natural gas to power compression-ignition engines proves to be more difficult. One of the possibilities are the dual-fuel compression-ignition engines running with gas fuel and diesel fuel, enabling ignition through compression and combustion of gas fuel. The article presents the heat release characteristics of the Perkins 1104D-E44TA engine powered by compressed natural gas and diesel fuel. Characteristics of heat release are an image of the combustion process. They affect the engine performance indicators. The determined heat release characteristics for a dual-fuel-powered engine were compared with the heat release characteristics for a diesel engine under the same operating conditions. An analysis of heat release characteristics was carried in the scope of their influence on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust of the tested engine. The effect of the relative amount of heat released and the heat release rate during the combustion process in the Perkins 1104D-E44TA engine cylinder running dual-fuel with CNG+diesel on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust, as compared to the values measured when running with diesel fuel only, was demonstrated. Higher share of natural gas in the total amount of energy supplied to the engine cylinders results in greater differences in the course of the combustion process and result in a greater reduction in the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust of the tested engine.
Impact of specific factors on the state of the tire pressure value.
Authors: Caban Jacek , Turski Andrzej , Nieoczym Aleksander , Tarkowski Sławomir , Jereb Borut
Published: October 2022

The article presents the research on the impact of specific factors on the state of the pressure value in passenger car wheels in service. Data on how the vehicle was used was obtained based on a survey. The survey contained data on checking the condition of the vehicle tires and also measured the tire pressure. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the impact of specific factors on the state of the pressure value in passenger car wheels. The correlation analysis of the correctness of pressure in car tires and selected factors was carried out using the Kendall tau test. In addition, odds ratio (OR) analysis and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test were used to analyze the results. The work draws attention to the impact of improper tire pressure on tire durability and road safety as well as the functioning of other active safety systems. In addition, attention was drawn to drivers' awareness of the need to control the pressure in the wheels of the vehicle. Based on the analysis it was found that the age of the vehicle used and the driver's knowledge have the greatest impact on the correct tire pressure. Studies have shown that in over 60% of the vehicles analyzed, the tire pressure was normal.
Draft of Freight Transport Car Parks Facilities
Authors: Hernandez Salvador , Poliak Miloš , Poliaková Adela
Published: October 2022

The contribution deals with a problem of road trucks parking sustainability. The road freight transport is presently the most significant mode of transportation in frame of inland freight transport. The White Paper on Transport supposes in-creasing of transport to 80 per cent in 2050 compared to the year 2010. The sup-posal of transport increasing is fulfilling in real practise and is followed by in-creasing number of trucks in road infrastructure. To ensure the safety and sus-tainability of transport it is necessary to built not only higher roads capacity but also the infrastructure for cars parking that is connected with safety breaks and drivers’ rest ensuring. On the other hand, the increasing drivers´ demands on rest causes also the increasing demands on parking places. Authors in the first part introduce a review of available approaches for establishment of the parking places in the world. They analyze problems depending to parking in United States, Japan and Germany. In the next part the authors deals with a parking facilities for freight transport. Drafts are processed on the base of own authors´ research.
Design of placing the container reloading station by applying the Operations Research methods: a research study
Authors: Stopka Ondrej
Published: October 2022

The manuscript is focused on the design of methodical procedure to locate container reloading station of national importance in the examined country. Slovakia represents the investigated country where ten container reloading stations , specialized above all in transshipment of loading units, are currently in operation. The introductory parts of the manuscript outline the most important concepts associated with the very term of intermodal transport, container reloading stations in the given country as well as a brief literature review in a given context. The following parts discuss the specification of relevant data and methods for this study as well as a description of the general procedure of multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives; namely consisting of, identifying a set of alternatives (Slovak regions), establishing a set of criteria and determining the weights of such criteria. The last part of the manuscript addresses forming a criteria matrix and subsequent calculations in order to search for the most suitable region when applying particular techniques of Operations Research. Specifically, the weights of criteria being determined based on the Saaty quantitative pairwise comparison method, and the final procedure in the context of selecting the most suitable alternative is suggested by using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (also called as the TOPSIS method).
Impact of indirect user participation on public transport financing
Authors: Poliak Miloš , Tomicová Jana , Reuter Norbert
Published: October 2022

The regional public transport performs with around 11 billion passengers a part of approx-imately 16.3 % of all passenger transports in Germany. It is financed from tariff revenues (user financing) and, for the most part, through public subsidies. The costs for the regional public transport are only covered by 50 % by direct users. Further 50 % are covered by public funds. The demographic development in Germany and with it declining passenger numbers, legal changes at European and national level as well as the over-indebtedness of public authorities result in a significant change of the framework conditions for the regional public transport. The aim of the paper was to draw up reform proposals for public transport in Germany so that it could continue to meet the four main objectives set. The results of those proposals for reform are transferred to a defined project area enabling to measure specifically the monetary impact. By forecasting the results of the project across the country, we want to verify whether the four main public transport objectives can be achieved using possible additional financial instruments involving indirect users, even under changing conditions, provided the proposed reforms are applied.
Demand specifics of disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility for bus transport. Case of regional bus transport in Slovakia
Authors: Brídziková Mária , Konečný Vladimír , Hammer Juraj , Abramovic Borna
Published: October 2022

Presupposition for realizing the demand for bus transport is the existence of its potential, which represents the population of that city, region, or state. Public passenger transport is considered to be an instrument of state social policy. The legislation defines it as transport performed to satisfaction the transport needs of persons, especially vulnerable groups, pupils, students, and pensioners. A significant problem in Slovakia and also in abroad is an aging population. The retired population has different transport habits like other groups of passengers (children, pupils and students, economically active persons), which is related to the change of transport requirements, as well as an adaptation the public transport offer. In recent years, the number of license holders of individual disabled persons has been increasing in Slovakia, or possibly individual person with severe disability with a guide. In this article, we focus on examining the issue of the rising trend of issued valid licenses of disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility, and related new measures, to which transport undertakings are confronted and transport service subscribers. The aim is also to identify the motivation to own a disability person license or persons with reduced mobility with the ability to use it for the demand for public passenger transport.
Evaluation of the Chemical Stability of Diesel Oil with Using Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI)
Authors: Bukrejewski Paweł , Jarczewski Zbigniew , Matuszewska Anna
Published: October 2022

For diesel oils containing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), an important problem is their susceptibility to oxidation processes as this shortens the maximum storage time of such fuels and may result in deterioration of oil properties and thus affect the engine operation. One of the fuel ageing processes is the formation and release of resins from the fuel. The physical stability of mixtures may be evaluated by means of a physical stability index, determined with using a Turbiscan analyser. The authors attempted to explore the possibility of using this index for evaluating the changes that take place during the ageing of diesel oil. Additionally, the impact of the presence of selected metals on the fuel ageing process was examined. Within the research, diesel oil samples containing various metals were prepared and subjected to the ageing process. Spectrophotometric tests were also carried out with using a Turbiscan instrument. The samples were subjected to oxidation stability tests before and after the ageing process. The physical stability index and, additionally, the oxidation stability of the samples were examined by accelerated ageing methods.
Verification of Sensors for Yaw Rate and Lateral Acceleration in Car ESP System
Authors: Gajek Andrzej , Pieniążek Wiesław , Janczur Robert , Wolak Stanisław
Published: October 2022

This study analyzed the possibilities to validate the indications of sensors for yaw rate and lateral acceleration within the scope of extended diagnostic routine of the car ESP system at Vehicle Inspection Stations (SKP). The stand tests were performed using the reference sensors and a standard diagnostic tester. The comparison of the yaw rate and lateral acceleration results obtained from the working sensor under examination, recorded with the V box unit, and the results from the reference sensor demonstrated a good conformity both in quality and quantity. But these tests were demonstrated also a pure conformity (both in quality and quantity) with runs obtained from tester. The Root Mean Square (RMS) was used as factor of qualitative estimation. These inconveniences were caused from in sampling frequency incompatibility and lack of recording synchronization for signals from the tester and from reference sensors. The primary importance question is a firmware modification for selected testers. Such a tester should be able to record signals from a reference sensor and have a set sampling frequency for signals from a working sensor. On the basis of already carried out research analyses the suggested frequency should be no fewer than about of 10 Hz. It resulted from a spectral analysis carried out for possessed runs maintaining the Nyquist limit frequency.
Study of eco-driving possibilities in passenger car used in urban traffic
Authors: Caban Jacek
Published: October 2022

During the operation of motor vehicles, their operational parameters change. It is related to the influence of working and external factors on the combustion engine while driving. For many years, there has been a discussion on the improvement of the ecological properties of vehicles related to technical and legal issues as well as the technique of vehicle operation and use. The article presents selected research results of a vehicle used in urban traffic using the eco-driving technique in relation to a normal driving style. The results of the influence of selected parameters, such as: average speed, driving time, mileage, road type, number of stops, number of brakes are presented. The object of the research was a passenger car powered by a spark-ignition engine, running in the so-called routine route, in a selected area of the city of Lublin in south-eastern Poland. The analysis shows that the use of eco-driving techniques has some benefits in urban traffic.
Evaluation of Daily Lesson Planning Competency of Physical Education and Sports Teachers
Authors: Güneş Burak , MIRZEOGLU Ayse Dilsad , KARADAG Oznur , ATLI Kadir , YALCINKAYA Nehir
Published: October 2022

This research aims to evaluate the daily lesson planning competency of physical education and sports teachers. A qualitative research method, phenomenology pattern, was used in the study. Maximum variation and convenience sampling, among the purposive sampling methods, were used to determine the participants during the study. Data of the study were obtained by examining the original daily plans of 23 volunteer physical education and sports teachers working in Istanbul, Sakarya, Duzce, and Kastamonu. Two faculty members obtained daily plans through document analysis with deductive approach using “Daily Lesson Plan Evaluation Form- Physical Education and Sports” developed by the researchers. The results have shown that teachers do not care about curriculum and achievements, focus mainly on the activities, and use various methods to practice activities. Still, they do not include sufficient detail in their plans for the context of methods while planning. Besides, it may be stated that they do not pay much attention to the assessment part and reflection. In conclusion, measures should be taken to improve the planning skill, which is thought to have an important contribution to the quality of the course.
A Scholar in Foreign Warfare: Characterizing Dislocation in For Whom the Bell Tolls
Authors: Zamzami M Irfan
Published: October 2022

This paper is aimed at analyzing literary devices used to establish the sense of dislocation in Ernest Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls. The research study uses objective approach to literature using E.M. Forster’s analytical tool and nomenclature to novel that is formulated in Aspects of the Novel. As the results demonstrated, dislocation is established through: 1) juxtaposition of the character’s history and 2) Hispanicization of the main character’s identity. The character’s “history” emphasizes the contrast of the main character’s life prior to the narrated events. Contradictions are apparent in the main character’s internal dialectic between being a scholar and becoming a soldier. The second approach to dislocation is caused by linguistic and cultural barrier barrier between Anglophone and Hispanophone characters demonstrated through deliberate Hispanicization. Keywords: dislocation; novel; Ernest Hemingway; character analysis.
Learning Folklore Using English Language Teaching (ELT) Materials for Students
Authors: Ellisafny Cut Aja Puan
Published: October 2022

Folklore is a medium in learning English because it has a context of stories that are close to language learners to make it easier to understand. This study aims to determine and correct errors in learning English based on folklore. The method used in this research is English Language learning using a descriptive and evaluation method. researchers use descriptive and evaluative methods. In the use of descriptive methods, the research process begins with drafting basic assumptions and thought rules to be used in research. In the evaluative method, the process of using this method is to evaluate the teaching materials in the use of folklore. The results obtained from this study are knowing weaknesses and errors in learning, especially writing, reading, and speaking to 20 students. Researchers also provide guidance to correct errors in writing, reading and speaking. Keywords: English Language Teaching (ELT), Folklore, Research and Development.
Javanese Culture Maintenance by Keeping Traditional Javanese Food and Beverage Name in Tegal Regency Traditional Culinary Tourism
Authors: Atrinawati Atrinawati
Published: October 2022

Culture is human being creation as a gift from God. One of ways of maintaining culture is keeping the tradition such as the traditional culinary. As part of the traditional culinary, keeping the traditional name of food and beverage becomes an important  part of culture and language maintenane since many food and beverage today were named using international name to sound more hype. Furthermore, those traditional food and beverage name is also beneficial in supporting culinary tourism promotion, especially the traditional culinary tourism. This research shows   how Tegal Regency local people supported by Tegal Regency local government through Tegal Regency Tourism Office preserves the old-traditional [1] and introduces the new-traditional [2] food and beverage names in Tegal Regency traditional culinary tourism promotion such as Kupat Glabed, Sega Lengko, Sate Blengong, Rujak Teplak, Pilus, Kacang Bogares, Teh Poci, and Es Lontrong. The result shows that using Tegal Regency old-traditional and new-traditional food and beverage name is beneficial for maintaining Javanese culture and language, particularly Tegal culture and Javanese language with Tegal Dialect as well as gaining more profit for local people and local government from culinary tourism business.
Javanese Language Maintenance Through Javanese Traditional and Modern (Folk) Songs
Authors: Sundari Wiwiek
Published: October 2022

Javanese Language is learnt and studied by many people throughout the world as it has a complex system of language covering the letters (Javanese Language Orthography), the politeness level, and also the history and the culture behind the language. However, there is a concern on    Javanese Language shift by its young speakers because they tend to use Indonesian Language       as Indonesia’s Official Language, English as the world’s international language, or another popular language in the world like Korean with its K-Pop phenomenon. Javanese Language maintenance is then needed to keep these young generation as the language users who will pass it to the next generation. One of the ways to do it is embracing their world so that the language        is considered good and beneficial for them as the young generation. Since music and song is      very close to the young generation as they are very up to date with the latest trend of it,               the language maintenance can be done through exposing Javanese kinds of music and songs. Recently, a kind of Javanese music called Campursari along with its songs are gaining popularity with the fame of The Godfather of The Brokenheart, Didi Kempot, who creates thousands of Campursari songs full of love stories in the lyric, particularly the brokenheart storied. Out of nowhere, the young generation, who are Javanese, who are Javanese but do not understand Javanese Language or even who are not Javanese and not understand Javanese Language are joining the crowd and becoming his fans that previously filled with the old generation.              This research shows how Junior Highschool Students maintain the Javanese Language usage       by liking the music, singing the songs and understanding the Javanese Language in the lyric.     This research also observes whether they still know or able to sing traditional Javanese songs    they exposed from their family, environment (neighbourhood) or Javanese Language class at school that shows their Javanese Language maintenance. Keywords: language maintenance, Javanese Language, students, Junior Highschool, Campursari, Javanese music and song
Biculturalism and Xenocentrism in TV Series Never Have I Ever Season 1
Authors: Jessica Selvy , Pratama Rifka
Published: October 2022

Never Have I Ever is an American Television Series, scripted by Mindi Kaling, which relies both American and Indian life. The main character of the series, Devi Vishwakumar, have the desire to live as Americans in where she lives. On the other hand, her family tends to live in both cultures. The phenomena of biculturalism and xenocentrism may leads to some conflicts if they are not responded in a fine way. The aim of this paper is to discuss further about the the indication of bicultural family in the Devi family, and to analyze the indication of xenocentrist behavior in Devi Vishwakumar. Library research method is used by the writer in order to collect the necessary data, sociological approach in literature are used to analyze the data. The result of this study are the biculturalism in Devi's family is found on their clothing, food, and film and the xenocentrist behavior shown by Devi when she decides to eat beef, taunts her cousin who is too Indian, and tells her friend that Ganesh Puja is old and weird Indian festival.Keywords: biculturalism; xenocentrism; indian; american culture
An Analysis of Translation Shift in Novel Shine by Jessica Jung and Its Translation
Authors: Latifah Nita Wardatul , Baharuddin Baharuddin , Udin Udin
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the translation shift and translation quality of novel shine. The objectives of this research are to (1) classify and describe types of level shifts in novel Shine, and (2) determine which type of level shift has the highest level of translation quality. The instrument used in this study is an indicator of translation quality which consists of indicators of accuracy, acceptability, and readability. This research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods. The data are collected through documentation and analyzed using comparative techniques. The researcher revealed that there are 18 cases of level shift found in novel Shine, with 11 cases of case shift and 7 cases of aspect shift.  Based on the result of the calculation, it was found that case shift received 99% score of translation quality consisting 31 (100%) scores of accuracy, 30 (97%) scores of acceptability, and 31 (100%) scores of readability. Meanwhile, aspect shift received 97% scores of translation quality, consisting 19 (90%) scores of accuracy, 21 (100%) scores of acceptability, and 21 (100%) scores of readability. From the result of the calculation above it can be concluded that case shift received the highest score of translation quality.Keywords: level shift, translation quality, novel
Parabatai Bond’s Attachment Styles In Cassandra Clare’s Lady Midnight
Authors: Al Fitra Luvila , Jati Ariya
Published: October 2022

Lady Midnight is an urban fantasy novel which centralizes around the special bond of the main characters, Emma Carstairs and Julian Blackthorn called parabatai. Parabatai designates a distinctive type of characterization, and the type ignites the writer’s interest to study further. This study intends to describe the characteristics of urban fantasy and attachment styles of the parabatai bond present in the novel. This study would be carried out as a library study.  The analysis would come in two parts:  the characteristics of urban fantasy and the attachment styles between Emma Carstairs and Julian Blackthorn. This study would be beneficial for those who wish to understand more about urban fantasy and attachment styles in a novel. As one of the most well-known works of Cassandra Clare, this novel discloses a broad description of urban fantasy and attachment styles.Keywords: urban fantasy; attachment styles; parabatai; shadowhunter; community law
The Portrayal of Sutter Keely’s Defense Mechanism During Adolesence In The Spectacular Now
Authors: Ivana Natasha , Laksono Arido
Published: October 2022

This thesis is written to analyze the main character, Sutter Keely, in The Spectacular Now by Tim Tharp, who struggles his adolescence without proper parental guidance. He is also dealing with failed romantic relationships that influence in how he grows as an adolescent. In this novel, he uses several defense mechanisms on daily basis to deal with issues and difficulties in his life. This thesis aims to identify the triggers, the kinds, and the effects of his defense mechanisms. This thesis uses Freudian psychoanalysis theory and its branch, defense mechanism, as the main theories. Library research and exponential approach are used to help the writer to get the desirable results. The result of this thesis reveals that the main triggers of his defense mechanisms are his family and his failed romantic relationships. The defense mechanisms he uses are rationalization, displacement, suppression, denial, altruism, and distortion. The effects of his defense mechanisms bring more negative results to his life.Keywords: adolescence; defense mechanisms; Freudian Psychoanalysis.
Force dynamics as the path to the Spanish subjunctive
Authors: García Yanes Francisco Javier
Published: October 2022

The causative construction poses a challenge to all mainstream approaches to Spanish mood. Mejías-Bikandi, Errapel. 2014. A cognitive account of mood in complements of causative predicates in Spanish.Hispania97(4), 651–665, elaborating on his previous approach (Mejías-Bikandi, Errapel. 1998. Presupposition and old information in the use of the subjunctive mood in Spanish.Hispania81(4), 941–948), which associates the indicative to information that is pragmatically asserted (i.e., presented as both true and new), claims that the use of the subjunctive in the complements of volitive and causative verbs results from the fact that these complements are not independently grounded and so cannot be asserted. His proposal, though, raises some serious objections. In this paper, an alternative account is presented, whereby the use of the subjunctive in this context is understood as reflecting the antagonist’s viewpoint and epistemic assessment on the goal process within a force dynamics pattern.
A billion times smaller than us: helping students comprehend the molecular scale
Authors: Sidhu Jaspreet , McIndoe J. Scott
Published: October 2022

Comprehension of molecular scale is an essential component of a chemistry student’s education. However, it is especially difficult for most to wrap their heads around just how small the nanometer scale is at which the molecules they are taught about exist. Using 3D printing techniques to aid in visualization, we can model spherical molecules, namely buckminsterfullerene (C60) and the cuboctahedral gold cluster Au55, and scale them up by eight orders of magnitude. The new size of these molecules is comparable to a globe 13 cm in diameter, a model of the Earth scaled down by eight orders of magnitude. Seeing and holding both of these objects resized to similar dimensions, students are able to get a sense of how the molecular scale compares to the handheld scale. The fact that the molecule is scaled up by a factor of 1024 in volume also nicely contextualizes the magnitude of Avogadro’s number (∼0.6 × 1024), the constant of proportionality that converts the molecular scale to the handheld scale.
Wehrlite xenoliths and petrogenetic implications, Hosséré Do Guessa volcano, Adamawa plateau, Cameroon
Authors: Nkouandou Oumarou Faarouk , Bardintzeff Jacques-Marie , Ndassa Zénab Nouraan Njankouo , Mefire Aminatou Fagny , Haman Adama
Published: October 2022

Peridotite xenoliths of wehrlite composition, scarcely known in Adamawa plateau, Cameroon, were sampled by Mio-Pliocene basanites from Hosséré Do Guessa volcano. Their origins are discussed and elucidated trough petrography and mineral chemistry. Studied wehrlites exhibit poikilitic or protogranular textures and are composed of four main mantle phases (high Mg-olivine, augite, enstatite and Al-spinel). Petrographic and microprobe (Camebax SX100) chemical data (Fo90.8-91.4 olivine, Wo39.4-42.0 augite, En90.5-91.1 enstatite and Al-spinel) suggest a mantle origin for the Hosséré Do Guessa wehrlites. Hence, these rocks could not be considered cumulate. They have been equilibrated between 1,140 and 1,220°C, at pressures of 1.5–2.0 GPa, at 50–66 km deep, below the crust-mantle boundary. Wehrlites might result in reactions with carbonate/carbonatite melt, accompanying CO2 degassing and metasomatism by fluid phases. They suffered transpressional tectonics, during movement at Tertiary times of Pan-African strike-slip-faults, after solid-state tectonic relaxation.
Effect of water/moisture migration in wood preheated by hot press on sandwich compression formation
Authors: Huang Rongfeng , Feng Shanghuan , Gao Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

By regulating preheating time, effects of water/moisture immigration and distribution in wood on sandwich compression formation were investigated in this study. Kiln-dried poplar wood was first immersed in water to result in high moisture content (MC) layers on wood surfaces. These wood specimens were then conditioned at room temperature in sealed plastic bags and preheated with hot press platens at 180 °C to drive water/moisture into wood. Wood preheated for 10–600 s contained one to two high MC layers all the time. Extended preheating time moved the high MC layers from wood surfaces to the center. Mechanical pressure on preheated wood specimens resulted in sandwich compressed wood with the compressed layer(s) position(s) consistent to that of the high MC layer(s) before compression. The positions of compressed layer(s) and MC peak(s) both increased exponentially as a function of the logarithm of preheating time. Wood preheating by platens led to water/moisture migration and therefore controlled water/moisture distribution, thus promoting the softening of specific wood layer(s), which is mainly responsible for sandwich compression. A logarithmical model that can be used for predicting the position(s) of the compressed layer(s) was developed.
Power minimization of gas transmission network in fully transient state using metaheuristic methods
Authors: Moetamedzadeh Hamid Reza , Rafsanjani Hossein Khodabakhshi
Published: October 2022

In gas transmission networks, the pressure drop caused by friction is one of the main operation costs that is compensated through consuming energy in the compressors. In the competitive market of energy, considering the demand variation is inevitable. Hence, the power minimization should be carried out in transient state. Since the minimization problem is severely nonlinear and nonconvex subjected to nonlinear constraints, utilizing a powerful minimization tool with a straightforward procedure is very helpful. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed based on metaheuristic algorithms for power minimization of a gas transmission network in fully transient conditions. The metaheuristic algorithms, unlike the gradient dependent method, can solve the complicated minimization problem without simplification. In the proposed strategy, the cost function is not expressed explicitly as a function of minimization variables; therefore, the transient minimization can be as precise as possible. The minimization is carried out by a straightforward methodology in each time sample, which leads to more precise solutions as compared to the quasi transient minimization. The metaheuristic minimizer, called the particle swarm optimization gravitational search algorithm (PSOGSA), is utilized to find the optimum operating set points. The numerical results also confirm the accuracy and well efficiency of the proposed method.
Framing the hydrothermal significance of water-based hybrid nanofluid flow over a revolving disk
Authors: Algehyne Ebrahem A. , Alduais Fuad S. , Saeed Anwar , Dawar Abdullah , Ramzan Muhammad , Kumam Poom
Published: October 2022

In this article, the authors have presented the MHD hybrid nanoliquid flow comprised of CuO and Ag nanoparticles (nps) over a rotating disk under the effects of thermophoresis, Brownian motion, activation energy, heat source and chemical reaction. The flow is considered over a spinning disc with convective conditions. The proposed model is solved with the help of HAM. The convergence of the HAM is also shown in order to verify the convergence of the modeled problem. The effects of embedded parameters on the velocity, energy and mass profiles of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybrid nanoliquid are shown with the help of Figures. Also, the effects of embedded parameters on skin friction, heat and mass transfer rate are calculated with the help of Tables. The results showed that the velocity and energy profiles are augmented with the increasing solid volume fraction. The increasing magnetic parameter reduces both the radial and tangential velocities of the hybrid nanofluid flow. The increasing effects of heat source, thermophoresis and Brownian motion factors on energy profiles are found. The increasing influence of thermophoresis and activation energy factors on concentration profile of the hybrid nanofluid flow is found, while the increasing Brownian motion, chemical reaction and Schmidt number reduce the concentration profile.
DLP in semigroups: Algorithms and lower bounds
Authors: Han Jiao , Zhuang Jincheng
Published: October 2022

The discrete logarithm problem (DLP) in semigroups has attracted some interests and serves as the foundation of many cryptographic schemes. In this work, we study algorithms and lower bounds for DLP in semigroups. First, we propose a variant of the deterministic algorithm for solving the cycle length of torsion elements and show the lower bound of computing the DLP in a semigroup. Then, we propose an algorithm for solving the multiple discrete logarithm (MDL) problem in the semigroup and give the lower bound for solving the MDL problem by considering the MDL problem in the generic semigroup model. Besides, we solve the multidimensional DLP and product DLP in the semigroup.
Generalized 4-connectivity of hierarchical star networks
Authors: Wang Junzhen , Zou Jinyu , Zhang Shumin
Published: October 2022

The connectivity is an important measurement for the fault-tolerance of a network. The generalized connectivity is a natural generalization of the classical connectivity. An

S

S

-tree of a connected graph

G

G

is a tree

T
=

(

V
′
,
E
′

)

T=\left(V^{\prime} ,E^{\prime} )

that contains all the vertices in

S

S

subject to

S
⊆
V

(

G

)

S\subseteq V\left(G)

. Two

S

S

-trees

T

T

and

T
′

T^{\prime}

are internally disjoint if and only if

E

(

T

)

∩
E

(

T
′

)

=
∅

E\left(T)\cap E\left(T^{\prime} )=\varnothing

and

V

(

T

)

∩
V

(

T
′

)

=
S

V\left(T)\cap V\left(T^{\prime} )=S

. Denote by

κ

(

S

)

\kappa \left(S)

the maximum number of internally disjoint

S

S

-trees in graph

G

G

. The generalized

k

k

-connectivity is defined as

κ

k

(

G

)

=
min

{

κ

(

S

)

∣
S
⊆
V

(

G

)

and

∣
S
∣

=

k

}

{\kappa }_{k}\left(G)=\min \left\{\kappa \left(S)| S\subseteq V\left(G)\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{and}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}| S| \hspace{0.33em}=\hspace{0.33em}k\right\}

. Clearly,

κ

2

(

G

)

=
κ

(

G

)

{\kappa }_{2}\left(G)=\kappa \left(G)

. In this article, we show that

κ

4

(

H

S

n

)

=
n
−
1

{\kappa }_{4}\left(H{S}_{n})=n-1

, where

H

S

n

H{S}_{n}

is the hierarchical star network.
Redefinition of Heritage Public Spaces Using PPGIS: The Case of Religious Complex in Old Cairo
Authors:   Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt, Elgobashi Aya , Semary Yasmeen El
Published: October 2022

Plenty of challenges all over the world are affecting the urban development of spaces in the cities, especially those of heritage sites; these urban spaces provide various ambiances that appeal to the senses. Although surrounded open spaces in heritage sites are full of rich, deep knowledge that plays an active role in the community perceptions, it has been recently neglected. A contribution is paid to the combination of digital technologies to help in preserving those spaces. Its integrated use could exponentially increase the effectiveness of conservation strategies of ancient buildings. GIS technology became a usual documentation tool for heritage managers, conservators, restorers, architects, archaeologists, painters, and all other categories of experts involved in cultural heritage activities. Consequently, the GIS has faced strong criticism as it is a tool for documentation without engaging in the public environment and the users’ needs; as a result, GIS cannot help in any enhancing process as it does not have any idea about the needs of the users. This paper analyses public uses efficiency in heritage public spaces in Cairene context using public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) methodology, as it gives attention to the term “user” to include the “public” incorporating the concept of “public participation” commonly used in planning. An online survey was set up, based on Google Maps, where respondents were asked to place and rate twenty-five items on an interactive map done by ARCGIS 10.4. These items were based on the criteria of placemaking to make those spaces full of creative ambiance to be more attractive and useful to the communities. Finally, 200 valid surveys have been collected and mapped 1500 opinions have been mapped. The Results of this research show that PPGIS is an effective tool in measuring the efficiency of those heritage public spaces, which may be valuable for future planning.