bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Ethics Precludes Randomization: Put Prospective, Matched-Pair Observational Studies to Work
Authors: Kowalski Charles Joseph
Published: August 2013

Randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) may be possible, permissible, and practical in certain circumstances, but ethical or practical considerations often preclude their utilization. In many such cases, ethical objections will not apply to a similarly oriented, prospective, matched-pair observational study. Additionally, if the methodological rigor associated with the RCT is maintained, potential epistemic losses due to eliminating randomization will be mitigated. It is therefore suggested that when ethics precludes randomization, prospective, protocol-driven, matched-pair observational studies be put to work. One can also envision extending observational studies beyond their traditional time-dependent bounds to encompass never-ending activities focused on the accumulation of clinical knowledge in real-world settings.
On Slicing an Obvious Salami Thinly: Science, Patent Case Law, and the Fate of the Early Biotech Sector in the Making of EPO
Authors: Rasmussen Nicolas
Published: August 2013

This essay reconstructs in previously unavailable detail the 1980s race to clone and market what would be biotechnology's most important product to date, erythropoietin or EPO. The scientific contest continued into the U.S. courts, which were charged with deciding competing patent claims to the natural substance as a drug. Through case law in the new domain of recombinant DNA, the courts imposed a de facto policy that shaped the business and scientific environment of small biotechnology firms so as to narrow research efforts and assimilate the sector to the established pharmaceutical industry. However, alternative dispensations in patent law were possible at the time, and the public's interest might have been better served.
A Theoretical Lens for Revealing the Complexity of Chronic Care
Authors: Borgermans Liesbeth , De Maeseneer Jan , Wollersheim Hub , Vrijhoef Bert , Devroey Dirk
Published: August 2013

The increasing prevalence of co-occurring multiple chronic conditions in an aging population has influenced the debate on complexity in chronic care and nowadays provides an impetus to the reform of numerous health systems. This article presents a theoretical lens for understanding the complexity of chronic care based on research and debate conducted in the context of multiple quality improvement programs over the last five years in Belgium and The Netherlands. We consider four major components of complexity in chronic care against a background of complex adaptive systems: (1) case (patient) complexity; (2) care complexity; (3) quality assessment complexity; and (4) health systems complexity. Each of these components represents a range of elements that contribute to the picture of complexity in chronic care. We emphasize that planning for chronic care requires equal attention to the complexity of all four components. It also requires multifaceted interventions and implementation strategies that target improvements in multiple outcomes related to the structural, process, and outcome components of care. Further empirical research is needed to assess the validity of our complexity framework in the health-care environment.
Postmodern Medicine: An Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry and Its Critics
Authors: Ghaemi S. Nassir
Published: August 2013

The relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry has been the subject of extensive debate in the last decade or so. This analysis offers some personal observations and suggestions on this discussion from the perspective of psychiatry. The article analyzes a number of critiques of the pharmaceutical industry—the free market myth, the drug price myth, the academic-pharmaceutical complex, lack of innovation, ghost authorship, and the profit motive—in relation to the ethics of medical practice and suggests some public policy solutions. While the focus here is on psychiatry, many of the concepts and principles discussed should apply generally to the medical profession as a whole.
The Logic of Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Stanley Donald E. , Campos Daniel G.
Published: August 2013

Establishing diagnoses is a crucial aspect of medical practice. However, this process has received comparatively little logical and pedagogical attention when compared to statistical methods for evaluating evidence. This article investigates the logic of medical diagnosis in order to fill this void. It is organized in three parts: the first attempts to explain why more attention ought to be paid to diagnosis, at least as much as to evidence; the second calls attention to the method of diagnosis by abductive reasoning developed in the 19th century by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914); and the third demonstrates the use and pervasiveness of abduction by any other name in clinical diagnosis. We examine six diagnostic strategies in common use that contain most, if not all, of Peirce's structure of inquiry in science.
To Repent or To Rationalize: Three Physicians Exchange Letters on the Ethics of Experimentation in Postwar Medicine
Authors: Wispelwey Bram P. , Jotkowitz Alan B.
Published: August 2013

In the late 1990s, three prominent figures of 20th-century medicine—Paul Beeson, Howard Burchell, and Shimon Glick—exchanged private letters on the ethics of experimentation in the years following World War II. What began as a brief published back-and-forth blossomed into a long correspondence filled with humor and wisdom even in the face of continued disagreement. The history of postwar investigation unfolds memorably in their letters, starting with the whistleblowing of Beecher and Pappworth and moving into the 21st century. The heart of the discussion focuses on the ethics of consent and legitimate risk in clinical investigation, and on the prevalence of violations of patients' rights. Glick openly discusses his views about the widespread practice of their subjection to experiments without benefit or unrelated to their conditions. In opposition, Burchell claims that accusations of ethical misconduct during this period were exaggerated, and that most of these studies would pass review boards today. Just when things seem to reach an immutable impasse, Beeson weighs in with keen insight and personal experience. The debate provides not only an intimate perspective on some of the most influential physician investigators of the last half-century, but also a context for productively approaching ethical questions of today.
Formulating a Curriculum on Aging and Health for University Undergraduates
Authors: Hamerman David , Fried Linda P.
Published: August 2013

There is a need in our society to raise the national consciousness about aging, health, and the prospects for longevity, so that many more persons take responsibility for their personal health and understand what we will need in an era of health-care reform to promote health across the life course. We address this imperative by offering a relevant curriculum through a public-health lens, designed especially for university undergraduate students. Unlike the traditional educational focus on graduate students who are already committed to a career in the health professions, the students in our sights have little prior exposure to the course content and are still largely uncertain of their career plans. We believe this proposed course will help students understand aging processes as these evolve over time, understand the opportunities that arise from greater life expectancy, encourage them to promote their own health, and make a social contract to do so for society.
Doing Local History, or From Social History to Oral History: Some Autobiographical Reflections on Studying Russia’s Saratov Region
Authors: Raleigh Donald J.
Published: August 2013

The author of this article, an early practitioner of local history in the field, takes an autobiographical approach in tracing his evolving views on, and the practice of, local history. The piece outlines how the changes that have come to local history since the early 1970s reflect broader transformations in the historical profession and intellectual life, as well as in the sociohistorical context. It discusses the emergence of local history in the field of Russian studies at the time that social history and social science models invigorated the writing of history, and how the genre remained in its infancy until Russia’s opening and the opening of its archives, when it fell under the influence of sister disciplines and of the cultural turn. Until the late 1990s, the dearth of distinguished works of local history written by Russian scholars constrained the research agendas of foreign scholars because the latter could not enter into dialogue with scholarship by Russia-based historians. This has changed as Russian historians have rejoined the larger historical community and as they have made efforts at distinguishing the more popular genre of kraevedenie from professional and academic work on local history that welcomes interdisciplinary currents.
Transport Supply of Trade and Economic Connections between Eastern Regions of Russia and APEC Countries
Authors: Nekhoroshkov Vladimir P.
Published: August 2013

The Asian part of Russia, including the territories of Siberia and the Far East, is a macro region with great potential for international affairs development, especially with APEC member countries. Natural resources, industrial, scientific, and educational potential forms the base for trade and economic cooperation between Russia and APEC. The geographic location of the Asian section of Russia creates a natural transport bridge between Europe and the Asian-Pacific region, which requires the development of modern transport infrastructure. This paper analyzes some projects for developing a railway network directed toward APEC, which give the transport basis for integrating Russian and APEC markets, and shows the possibility of its economic development and growth.
Being a Sibiriak in Contemporary Siberia: Imagined Geography and Vocabularies of Identity in Regional Writing Culture
Authors: Clowes Edith W.
Published: August 2013

This article examines the articulation of sibiriak identity in the early 21st century. This time is particularly important because the current Russian government has made a point of curtailing the regional autonomy of the Yeltsin years. Drawing on regional news sources, Internet blogs, and writings by prominent Siberian public intellectuals, this article delineates a number of specifically Siberian voices and the concerns they discuss in the public sphere. It argues that contemporary Siberian identity differs significantly from stereotypical European Russian constructions of Siberian identity that equate simple goodness and honesty with the broad Siberian terrain. This material shows a diverse range of opinions and attitudes, a concerted effort to keep the Siberian heritage before the public eye, and a sustained discussion about the usable past. Focusing particularly on Evgenii Grishkovets’s autobiographical novella, Rivers (Reki, 2005), this article examines the emergence of a post-Soviet discourse that reaches beyond Siberian stereotypes and openly expresses social and cultural problems encountered by Siberians.
“Who Am I?”: Revolutionary Narratives and the Production of the Minority Self in the Early Soviet Era
Authors: Guadagnolo Gary
Published: August 2013

This article traces a complex discourse of the self in the early Soviet era, navigating the identities both assumed by and ascribed to M. Kh. Sultan-Galiev (1892–1940), a Volga Tatar and at one time the highest-ranking Muslim in the Communist Party. Sultan-Galiev balanced a number of influences, most particularly his Tatar nationality, his Muslim background, and his belief in the objectives of a socialist revolution. Sultan-Galiev strayed too far from ideological orthodoxy, though, which led to his 1923 arrest. Drawing on the field of Soviet subjectivities, I analyze the role of narrative in both the defense and vilification of Sultan-Galiev.
The Question of the Father as a Key Paterfamilias Figure
Authors: Tomić Svetlana
Published: August 2013

Inthis chapter the author discusses the weakened position of the father as the key figure in a patriarchal society. The fragmentary presentation of different gendered characters is analyzed. The function of double confession is explained, the confessions of mother and son. They help reveal the importance of the motherson relationship. The mother is shown as the explosive center of an ideological discourse, her simultaneous insertion into and exclusion from the story. The female ethics of care and responsibility are discussed at the end of this article.
The Epiphany of the Mother and the Son
Authors: Tomić Svetlana
Published: August 2013

In this chapter, a possible explanation of the epiphanic illumination of the mother and son is provided. Described are the specific differences between their meanings. Also discussed is the importance of the son's confession in which he illuminates the motive of his confession and the problem of his epiphany. A new interpretation of the story's ending is also offered.
Studies of Laza K. Lazarević's Works during the Twentieth Century and Possibilities for Different Interpretations
Authors: Tomić Svetlana
Published: August 2013

In this chapter the author examines the epistemological validity of statements offered by historians and professors of Serbian literature which interpret stories by Laza K. Lazarević as defense of patriarchy. The author will shed light on some inadequate interpretations of Lazarević's female literary characters, and especially of a mother from his famous story "To Matins with Father for the First Time". The fictional character of Mother is described in a special way, quite unusual for the time. Connections are explained between the gender of the interpreters, their power, and constructed knowledge, which the text of Lazarević's story does not support as plausible.
Lazarević's Confession to His Mother: "Do you see your tombstone? I am it, I !"
Authors: Tomić Svetlana
Published: August 2013

This paper compares the confessions of the sons in "To Matins with Father for the First Time" to another story by Lazarević, "Mother." The importance of the specific differences between these two works is also discussed.
A Reexamination of Analytical Methodology of "To Matins with Father for the First Time" as Presented in High School and University Textbooks
Authors: Tomić Svetlana
Published: August 2013

In this chapter the author explains what she believes are the methodological and ethical errors in the analysis of "To Matins with Father for the First Time," published in the textbook, Methodology of the Serbian Language and Teaching of Literature . This analysis is meant as an investigation into the formal characteristics of a literary work, and not as an analysis that ties itself neutrally and scientifically objectively to inter-textual elements of Lazarević's story. While it primarily bases itself on the interpretation of the male characters of the story, this analysis also explains the female character, though inadequately and to a much lesser extent. In this part of the work, the importance of the narrator's comments is also examined. In addition, the consequences of excluding the historical context of the position of women in nineteenth-century Serbian society while analyzing the story are discussed.
Longitudinal evaluation of thyroid autoimmunity and function in pregnant Korean women
Authors: Han Seong-Min , Han Jeong Hee , Park Jina A. , Quinn Frank A. , Park Joonseok , Oh Eunsuk
Published: August 2013

Background: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes for both the mother and child. For this reason, it is important to understand thyroid status in pregnant women. However, there are relatively few published studies that examine thyroid function tests (TFT) and thyroid autoimmunity in non-Western pregnant women.

Methods: Serum samples were longitudinally collected throughout pregnancy from 108 Korean women. TFT, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab) testing was performed. The impact of gestational age on TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab levels was evaluated and gestational age-specific reference intervals for TFT were established in antibody negative women.

Results: In the first trimester, TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab were positive in 13.9% and 16.7% of women, respectively. For antibody positive women, median autoantibody levels for TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab dropped from first trimester to near term (133.7–10.5 IU/mL, and 162.1–21.9 IU/mL, respectively). Antibody status influenced thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) during the first trimester, and TSH, free T4 (FT4) and total T4 (TT4) in the early second trimester. Later in gestation, no significant differences in TFT were found based on antibody status. Gestational age-specific reference intervals for TFT were calculated in antibody negative women.

Conclusions: Laboratory evidence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is common in this population of pregnant Korean women. Antibody status influences TFT values in the first and early second trimester. Thyroid autoantibody status and titer change in an individual-specific manner throughout pregnancy. Gestational age-specific reference intervals should be utilized for interpretation of TFT results in pregnant women.
Natural products and the aging process
Authors: Ergin Volkan , Bali Elif Burcu , Hariry Reza Ebrahimi , Karasu Çimen
Published: August 2013

Literature surveys show that the most of the research that have been conducted on the effect of herbal remedies on many tissue pathologies, including metabolic disturbances, cardiovascular decline, neurodegeneration, cataract, diabetic retinopathy and skin inflammation, all lead to an accelerated aging process. The increased carbonylation of proteins (carbonyl stress) disturbing their function has been indicated as an underlying mechanism of cellular senescence and age-related diseases. Because it is also linked to the carbonyl stress, aging chronic disease and inflammation plays an important role in understanding the clinical implications of cellular stress response and relevant markers. Greater knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in several pathologies associated with aging would provide a better understanding to help us to develop suitable strategies, use specific targets to mitigate the effect of human aging, prevent particularly chronic degenerative diseases and improve quality of life. However, research is lacking on the herbal compounds affecting cellular aging signaling as well as studies regarding the action mechanism(s) of natural products in prevention of the age-related disease. This review provides leads for identifying new medicinal agents or potential phytochemical drugs from plant sources for the prevention or delaying cellular aging processes and the treatment of some disorders related with accelerated body aging.
Adipose tissue and bone: role of PPARγ in adipogenesis and osteogenesis
Authors: Kawai Masanobu
Published: August 2013

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a critical factor for the reciprocal regulation of adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Because of their insulin-sensitizing effect, PPARγ agonists, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), have been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the use of TZDs has also been revealed to cause bone loss and bone fractures. The nodal point of regulation of skeletal metabolism by PPARγ activation may reside in its role in cell fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells toward adipogenesis at the expense of osteogenesis. In addition, accumulating evidence demonstrates that PPARγ possesses a circadian expression profile and plays an important role in the skeletal and adipose metabolism regulated by the circadian clock network. Recently, we have shown that nocturnin, a circadian-regulated gene, enhances PPARγ activity, resulting in the suppression of osteogenesis and enhancement of adipogenesis, thus providing additional evidence of the link between circadian networks and PPARγ. In this review, we will focus on the emerging concept of PPARγ as a regulator for skeletal metabolism and summarize recent findings about one of the mechanisms on how PPARγ is connected to the circadian-regulatory system, which involves nocturnin.
Mixed Convection Three-dimensional Flow with Hall and Ion-slip Effects
Authors: Hayat T. , Awais M. , Nawaz M. , Iram S. , Alsaedi A.
Published: August 2013

In this article we investigate the viscous dissipation effects on mixed convection three-dimensional flow of Jeffery fluid over a vertical stretching surface. Hall and ion effects are also taken into account. The problem is first formulated and then non-dimensionalized by employing the suitable similarity transformations. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) has been employed for the computations of solutions of velocity and temperature fields. The convergence of derived series solutions is shown. The velocity components and temperature have been examined for several important parameters of interest. Numerical computations for skin friction coefficients and Nusselt number are displayed and discussed.
Users in uses of language: embodied identity in Youth Justice Conferencing
Authors: Martin J. R. , Zappavigna Michele , Dwyer Paul , Cléirigh Chris
Published: August 2013

This paper offers a multimodal perspective on how identities are performed and negotiated in discourse, concentrating on the interaction of language and body language within a particular genre, Youth Justice Conferencing. These conferences operate as a diversionary form of sentencing in the juvenile justice system of New South Wales, Australia. Typically, they involve a young person who has committed an offense coming face to face with the victim of their crime, in the presence of family members, community workers, police, and a conference “convenor.” We conduct close, multimodal discourse analysis of the interactions that occur during the Rejoinder step in a particular conference, and investigate an “angry boy” identity enacted by two young persons at this point in the proceedings. This persona is very different to the forthcoming and remorseful persona idealized by conference designers. The role of body language in intermodally proposing and negotiating bonds within the conference is explored.
Using systemic functional linguistics to explore digital technologies in educational contexts
Authors: Coffin Caroline
Published: August 2013

Over the last decade, technological innovation has led to new pedagogic sites, such as online discussion forums and virtual 3D worlds. In these sites students and teachers use language and other meaning-making resources to engage in educational argumentation. However, there have been few studies which have systematically explored the role of lexicogrammatical and other semiotic resources in the making of meaning in these contexts. This is because the main body of research underpinning claims around the affordances and limits of online argumentation is located within sociocognitive paradigms. By drawing on the tools of systemic functional linguistics and, where relevant, systemic functional-multimodal analysis, this article therefore offers a fresh perspective. I show how such tools can illuminate both the overarching textual shape and structure of online discussion forums and the ways in which meanings are made through language and other semiotic resources.
What do texts do? The context-construing work of news
Authors: Lukin Annabelle
Published: August 2013

Within the framework of Halliday's text and context relations, with key extensions of this model by Hasan, this paper presents an analysis of a TV news report by Australia's public broadcaster (the ABC) concerning the 2003 “Coalition” invasion of Iraq, in order to present a thesis about the context-construing work done by the register (i.e., functional variety) known as “news.” Sociologists have argued that news is a symbolic commodity, in the business of purveying forms of consciousness. How does news do this? And what, more specifically, can be said about the social process which news texts realize? This paper considers these questions, drawing on the analysis of the texture of the ABC TV news report, based on Hasan's “cohesive harmony” schema. The findings from the analysis are the basis on which I argue the news item relied for its continuity on the derived and abstract notion of “the Iraq war,” while failing to present a coherent picture of the actualized violence perpetrated by the “Coalition” as it rolled out its invasion of Iraq.
Evaluating experience in funny ways: how friends bond through conversational hum
Authors: Knight Naomi K.
Published: August 2013

This paper explores conversational humor between friends and demonstrates through a systemic functional linguistic (SFL) perspective how friends play with evaluative meanings in their humor to achieve bonding and affiliation. Sequences of talk that feature shared laughter are analyzed and it is shown that speakers make humorous contrasts between social values related to their friendship groups and community memberships. Using SFL tools like appraisal, the examples reveal contrasts as well as layering of evaluations of experiences, people, and things in the speakers' lives with underlying community values known to be shared with those with whom they are joking. It is argued that this “convivial conversational humor” is one kind of
Clause complex manifestation in depression
Authors: Nagar Revital , Fine Jonathan
Published: August 2013

In this paper we investigate whether the semantic development of text in free discursive writing distinguishes currently depressed, formerly depressed, and never depressed writers. Theoretically motivated linguistic categories of elaboration (restating, exemplifying), extension (adding, contrasting), and enhancement (qualifying with specific details) were used to code the semantic transitions in essays of 25 currently depressed, 24 formerly depressed, and 28 never depressed individuals diagnosed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, current symptoms of depression) and the Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD-L, lifetime depression). The currently depressed used more elaboration and extension and less enhancement. The severity of both current and lifetime depression is correlated positively with elaboration and extension and negatively with enhancement. The difficulty in concentrating and the self-focus in depression are associated with more elaborations, more extensions, and fewer enhancements. Writers with depression add less “color” that enriches their texts with details. Both mood state and cognitive processing are tracked in written language.
Visualizing patterns of appraisal in texts and corpora
Authors: Almutairi Bandar Alhumaidi A.
Published: August 2013

This paper addresses the need for text visualization systems that can support discourse analysis. While fruitful work has been undertaken exploring the paradigmatic axis in systemic functional linguistics, there is much scope for complementary modeling along the syntagmatic axis. However, in exploring long-range text patterns we face the problem that it is difficult for a human analyst to track complex and unfolding relationships in what is high-dimensional data. I introduce AppAnn, a system designed to support linguists in undertaking such long-range analysis and demonstrate how it can be used to visualize patterns of appraisal in texts.
Radioprotective Effect of Vitamin E in Parotid Glands: a Morphometric Analysis in Rats
Authors: Gomes Carolina Cintra , Ramos-Perez Flavia Maria de Moraes , Perez Danyel Elias da Cruz , Novaes Pedro Duarte , Boscolo Frab Norberto , Almeida Solange Maria de
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of vitamin E on rat parotid glands by morphometric analysis. Sixty male rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6): control, in which animals received olive oil solution; olive oil/irradiated, in which animals received olive oil and were irradiated with a dose of 15 Gy of gamma radiation; irradiated, in which animals were irradiated with a dose of 15 Gy gamma radiation; vitamin E, which received α-tocopherol acetate solution; vitamin E/irradiated, which received α-tocopherol acetate solution before irradiation with a dose of 15 Gy gamma rays. Half of the animals were euthanized at 8 h, and the remaining at 30 days after irradiation. Both parotid glands were surgically removed and morphometric analysis of acinar cells was performed. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Morphometric analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of parotid acinar cells at 30 days in olive oil/irradiated and irradiated groups. In groups evaluated over time a significant reduction was shown at 30 days in olive oil/irradiated and irradiated groups, indicating that ionizing radiation caused tissue damage. The vitamin E/irradiated group presented more acinar cells than the irradiated group, but no statistically significant difference was observed (p>0.05). In conclusion, vitamin E seems to have failed as a radioprotective agent on acinar cells in rat parotid glands.
One-Year Evaluation of a Simplified Ethanol-Wet Bonding Technique: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Araujo Joyce Figueira de , Barros Thais Andrade de Figueiredo , Braga Esther Marina Franca , Loretto Sandro Cordeiro , Souza Patricia de Almeida Rodrigues Silva e , Souza Junior Mario Honorato Silva e
Published: August 2013

The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical performance of adhesive restorations using a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (TSER), a one-step self-etching adhesive (OSSE), and a simplified ethanol-wet bonding technique (EWBT) prior to the application of a composite resin in non-carious cervical lesions. Ninety-three restorations (31 for each group) were placed in 17 patients by a single operator. No cavity preparation was performed. After 6 and 12 months, the restorations were assessed by two previously trained examiners using modified Ryge criteria for retention (kappa=1.00) and marginal adaptation/staining (kappa=0.81), and the results were analyzed by Fisher's exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively. No significant differences were observed among groups at the 6- and 12-month time points for any of the assessed criteria (p≥0.05). The intra-group analysis performed by Cochran's test (for retention) and Wilcoxon test (for marginal adaptation/staining) revealed significant differences between the baseline/12-month time intervals in marginal adaptation in OSSE (p=0.0180) and in marginal staining in TSER (p=0.0117). The survival analysis for retention criteria performed using a log-rank test did not show significant differences (p>0.05). The restorations placed using the simplified EWBT performed equally well as the other adhesive strategies employed.
Autotransplantation of a Mandibular Third Molar: A Case Report with 5 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Silva Mauro Henrique Chagas e , Lacerda Mariane Floriano Lopes Santos , Chaves Maria das Gracas Afonso Miranda , Campos Celso Neiva
Published: August 2013

This paper describes the autologous transplantation of a mandibular right third molar to replace the residual roots of the second molar in the same quadrant, preserving function and aesthetics. A 5-year clinical and radiographic follow-up was undertaken. After transplantation, the donor tooth received endodontic treatment and placement of calcium hydroxide, which was periodically replaced every 3 months until the filling of the root canals, totalizing a period of 1-year, when apical closure was confirmed. The tooth was in perfect functional and aesthetic conditions 5 years after beginning of treatment. Autotransplantation is a feasible option for replacing missing teeth when a donor tooth is available. The autotransplantation of a right mandibular third molar with compromised function and aesthetics to replace the residual roots resulting from coronal destruction due to extensive carious lesion of the second molar in the same quadrant was a viable treatment alternative.
Frequency of Cancer in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate in the Brazilian Population
Authors: Lima Leonardo Santos , Silverio Matheus de Oliveira , Swerts Mario Sergio Oliveira , Aquino Sibele Nascimento de , Martelli Daniella Reis Barbosa , Martelli-Junior Hercilio
Published: August 2013

Congenital malformations and cancer may share common etiological factors and the association between nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) and cancers has been observed in different studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of cancer in relatives of patients with NSCL/P. This investigation was a cross-sectional, case-controlled study, evaluating 358 patients with NSCL/P treated at a Referral Center for craniofacial deformities (case group) and 358 patients without craniofacial alterations (control group). Information concerning the gender, age and family history of cancer in first-degree relatives for both groups was obtained. The frequency of cancer was 6.4% (n=46) in the studied population, with 18 subjects in the case group (5%) and 28 (7.8%) in control. In both groups, the most frequently reported cases were those of breast, colorectal, stomach, prostate and uterus cancers, but there was no association between the two groups. There was no association with a family history of cancer among the first-degree relatives (odds ratio=0.62; 95% IC: 0.34 to 1.15), neither when the analysis was made by type of cancer. In conclusion, both epidemiological and genetic studies have suggested common etiological factors for NSCL/P and cancer. However, in this population-based study, no association between cancer and NSCL/P could be confirmed.
Field Trial Results of an Innovative ES-PCP System
Authors: Rushby M. J. , Denholm A..
Published: August 2013

An innovative ES-PCP system has been developed in conjunction with a major operator and has now entered field trials. The system enables rig-less deployment capability on coiled tubing, and is compatible with conventional jointed tubing. It fundamentally addresses many of the issues associated with horizontal wells and sand management, and provides a highly efficient solution for applications from gas well dewatering, cyclic steam stimulation, and CHOPS. This paper describes some aspects of the design and qualification of the system, and presents initial feedback from the first field trials.

The system utilises downhole permanent magnet motor technology and a magnetic torque converter, resulting in both scalability and high operating efficiencies. This dramatically reduces the total power requirements, and the need for expensive surface electrical installations.

A progressive cavity pump is incorporated on bottom, allowing this small diameter system to be set at any depth and in the horizontal. Combined with the ability to run at variable speed and rotate in either direction; sand related failures and workovers are reduced. This novel configuration reduces both the surface footprint and environmental impact of the well. It also reduces deployment and workover requirements; resulting in fewer and safer operations.

By combining unique technology and a novel configuration an ES-PCP system has been developed which reduces total cost of ownership. The system has entered field trials in the San Joaquin Valley fields in California for a heavy oil production application, and Western Australia for a gas well dewatering application.
Evaluation of AMPCP in KOC Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Mali Prasanna , Al-Jasmi Ahmad , Pandey Dharmesh , Kumar Rakesh , Benamara Abdel , Bakhtiari Reza
Published: August 2013

Finding a reliable artificial lift pumping system for heavy oil thermal recovery has been a challenge mainly due to the high operating temperatures (>150°C). Available options such as Rod Pumps, Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP) and Elastomer Progressive Cavity Pumps (PCP) have their peculiar limitations for thermal production.

Through research work conducted by PCM, a patented high temperature elastomer free PCP system, the All Metal PCP (AMPCP) known as the PCM Vulcain™, has been developed to meet such challenges capable of pumping extremely hot (350°C/660°F) fluid. The first ever AMPCP was installed in late 2005 in CSS wells in Northern Canada. Since then, over three hundred pumps of this kind have been operated around the world.

Following its successful application worldwide, Kuwait Oil Company decided to utilize the AMPCP in its Heavy Oil fields. A small scale CSS pilot is on-going to establish the flow potential and also optimize the completion type. Due to the harsh high temperature environment and expected sand production with initial gas/dry steam, an AMPCP was installed in the CSS wells. The pump has now been producing for over one year with highly encouraging results.

This paper intends on evaluating the performance of the AMPCP during the course of its run life in the above field thus summarizing observations and conclusions resulting from the analysis of the system from day one. The results show that the AMPCP has provided much better results than other forms of Artificial Lift used by KOC in the same pilot field. The field trial shows the PCM Vulcain™ as a promising artificial lift technology for hot production.
Case Study: Achieving Maximum PCP Run-life And Production In South America With Real-Time Digital Downhole Monitoring
Authors: Sallee Eric , Cochran Gaberiel C.
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how downhole real-time artificial lift pump monitoring systems utilizing digital communications signals are an indispensable tool in managing reservoir production, equipment run-life and performance by acting as an "Eye into the Reservoir". Producers using digital monitoring downhole have expanded access to real-time well bore and pump information, which creates a competitive advantage in optimizing wellbore and reservoir performance. This paper will give an example of a major operator in South America utilizing variable speed controllers and monitoring their PCP pumps with digital downhole sensors. Without sensors monitoring the lift systems, the operator would not know what component downhole is causing lost production and if adjustments could be made at the surface to increase productivity.

One year following the installation of the PCP monitoring system, the operator reported a remarkable double-digit increase in production. This occurred by maximizing the pump output to match what the reservoir was producing into the wellbore and knowing exactly when a downhole assembly needed to be repaired or replaced and if a formation needed stimulation.
Technical Challenges and Learnings from a High Temperature Metallic Progressing Cavity Pump Test
Authors: Noonan S. G. , Langer D. , Klaczek W. , Yip C.
Published: August 2013

Metal-to-metal Progressing Cavity Pump (M PCP) technology has become an effective lifting method for challenging thermal conditions, such as for Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) production. This paper summarizes some of the technical challenges and key learnings following a unique high temperature test on an M PCP system developed by National Oilwell Varco (NOV), which was conducted in a high temperature flow loop at C-FER Technologies. This M PCP pumping system was evaluated by ConocoPhillips as part of their High Temperature Artificial Lift Validation program, the objective of which has been to test the performance of multiple forms of AL under SAGD-like conditions while at high fluid temperatures of 250°C (482°F).

In addition to an evaluation of the M PCP system (i.e. including an assessment of the break-in period, levels of downhole vibration, rod torque, etc.) this program was unique in that it also assessed the performance of the same metallic PCP stator using two different PCP rotors, to mimic a rotor-swapping operation. Some of the challenges encountered during this test program including issues with the downhole completion, high levels of downhole vibration, and significant casing and tag-bar wear. This paper will summarize some of the technical challenges and lessons learned, in addition to sharing some of the key pump performance results for this unique M PCP test program.
PCP Sand Handling Technologies
Authors: Montiveros Mariano , Echavarria Lucas , Briozzo María
Published: August 2013

Experience tells us that progressing cavity pumping is the logic choice for producing heavy sandy fluids. Nevertheless, under these conditions PCPs suffer from blocked suction, sanded pump and low runlife. In order to overcome these issues two technologies were tested simultaneously: charge pumps and medium nitrile elastomer.

The fields involved in this study are El Corcobo Norte, Cerro Huanul Sur, El Renegado, Jagüel Casa de Piedra and Puesto Pinto which produce from the Centenario Formation and are located in the Neuquen Basin. These are non-consolidated sandstone formations with an oil gravity of 18 °API that are produced following CHOPS philosophy (Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand), where sand production is deliberately maintained through time.

In 2010 the first charge pump PCP was installed, followed by six more wells in the course of two years. This system proved to be an alternative for high sand cut wells (4-5% continuous and up to 25% slugs) and also reduced by half flush-by interventions due to sanded pump.

Also in 2010 started the trials with a softer elastomer (medium nitrile).The sanded pump failure rate was lowered (comparing pumps with the same volumetric capacity and in the same well), reducing downtime and hence increasing production. These pumps also showed higher operating efficiency and longer run life than high nitrile pumps.

These results encouraged us to integrate both technologies, resulting in the installation of charge pump PCPs with medium nitrile elastomer during the last quarter of 2012. In 2013 we will field test pumps with enhanced geometry. This is all part of a combined effort for finding reliable and cost effective solutions for challenging applications.
TILLING in European Rice: Hunting Mutations for Crop Improvement
Authors: Casella Laura , Greco Raffaella , Bruschi Gianluca , Wozniak Barbara , Dreni Ludovico , Kater Martin , Cavigiolo Stefano , Lupotto Elisabetta , Piffanelli Pietro
Published: August 2013

Targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) is a powerful technique that exploits variation induced by classical mutagenesis for gene discovery and functional studies as well as crop improvement. Here we describe the development and validation of the first rice (Oryza sativa L.) TILLING platform of a European temperate japonica accession. A total of 1860 M2 ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)‐mutagenized lines were generated in the variety ‘Volano’, one of the most widely cultivated European rice varieties representative of the traditional Italian high quality rice. The validation of the TILLING population was performed by screening the M2 lines for variation in four target genes of relevance for the improvement of Volano (SD1, Hd1, SNAC1, and BADH2, involved in determining plant height, flowering time, drought tolerance, and aroma, respectively). Two independent mutations identified in the Green Revolution gene SD1 (semidwarf 1) were demonstrated to have a significant phenotypic effect, resulting in semidwarf progenies with an average height reduction of 21% in the plants carrying the mutant allele in the homozygous state. The density of one mutation every 373 kb estimated in the Volano TILLING population was comparable to that previously obtained in rice EMS‐mutagenized populations and confirmed the effectiveness of this approach for targeted improvement of European temperate rice germplasm. Besides the validation of the TILLING platform, this work also provides genetic material that can be directly exploited for the improvement of the Volano variety.
Investment Opportunity Sets, Operating Uncertainty, and Capital Market Pressure: Determinants of Investments in Tax Shelter Activities?
Authors: McGuire Sean T. , Omer Thomas C. , Wilde Jaron H.
Published: August 2013

Prior research documents substantial variation in firms' tax avoidance activities and questions why some firms choose not to take advantage of the apparent benefits of tax planning (i.e., the “undersheltering puzzle”). We provide additional insight into the undersheltering puzzle by investigating the decision to invest in a tax shelter from the perspective of a firm's overall investment strategy. We examine whether three factors associated with traditional investment behavior (firms' investment opportunity sets, operating uncertainty, and capital market pressure) are also associated with investments in tax shelter activities. Our results suggest that firms with large investment opportunity sets and higher operating uncertainty are less likely to invest in tax shelters. We also find that firms with greater capital market pressure are more likely to invest in tax sheltering activities. Overall, we find that factors that influence firms' investment behavior help to explain why more firms do not invest in tax shelters.

Data Availability: All data used in this study are available from publicly available sources identified in the manuscript.

JEL Classifications: H25, H26, M41
Effect of forelimb lameness on hoof kinematics of horses at a walk
Authors: Moorman Valerie J. , Reiser Raoul F. , Peterson Michael L. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Kawcak Chris E.
Published: August 2013

Objective—To determine kinematic changes to the hoof of horses at a walk after induction of unilateral, weight-bearing forelimb lameness and to determine whether hoof kinematics return to prelameness (baseline) values after perineural anesthesia.

Animals—6 clinically normal Quarter Horses.

Procedures—For each horse, a sole-pressure model was used to induce 3 grades of lameness in the right forelimb, after which perineural anesthesia was administered to eliminate lameness. Optical kinematics were obtained for both forelimbs with the horse walking before (baseline) and after induction of each grade of lameness and after perineural anesthesia. Linear acceleration profiles were used to identify hoof events, and each stride was divided into hoof-contact, break-over, initial-swing, terminal-swing, and total-swing segments. Kinematic variables were compared within and between limbs for each segment by use of mixed repeated-measures ANOVA.

Results—During the hoof-contact and terminal-swing segments, the hoof of the left (nonlame) forelimb had greater sagittal-plane orientation than did the hoof of the right (lame) forelimb. For the lame limb following lameness induction, the break-over duration and maximum cranial acceleration were increased from baseline. After perineural anesthesia, break-over duration for the lame limb returned to a value similar to that at baseline, and orientation of the hoof during the terminal-swing segment did not differ between the lame and nonlame limbs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Subclinical unilateral forelimb lameness resulted in significant alterations to hoof kinematics in horses that are walking, and the use of hoof kinematics may be beneficial for the detection of subclinical lameness in horses.
Acute hepatitis E complicated by Guillain-Barré syndrome in Portugal, December 2012 – a case report
Authors: Santos L , Mesquita J R , Rocha Pereira N , Lima-Alves C , Serrão R , Figueiredo P , Reis J , Simões J , Nascimento M S , Sarmento A
Published: August 2013

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