bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation in plants
Authors: Chen Qian , Yu Feifei , Xie Qi
Published: December 2019

Secretory and transmembrane protein synthesis and initial modification are essential processes in protein maturation, and these processes are important for maintaining protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER homeostasis can be disrupted by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, resulting in ER stress, due to specific intra‐ or extracellular stresses. Processes including the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) and autophagy are thought to play important roles in restoring ER homeostasis. Here, we focus on summarizing and analysing recent advances in our understanding of the role of ERAD in plant physiological processes, especially in plant adaption to biotic and abiotic stresses, and also identify several issues that still need to be resolved in this field.
Effect of herbal mouthrinses on dental plaque formation and gingival inflammation: A systematic review
Authors: Santi Samantha Simoni , Casarin Maísa , Grellmann Alessandra Pascotini , Chambrone Leandro , Zanatta Fabricio Batistin
Published: December 2019

To evaluate the effect of herbal mouthrinses as an adjuvant to oral hygiene on dental plaque and gingival inflammation in subjects with gingivitis. Searches were conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane—CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS/BIREME, Clinical Trials Registry and grey literature for Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs) published up to April 2018 without language restrictions. From 4,013 paper found, 20 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. The herbal mouthrinses achieved significant reductions in dental plaque and gingival inflammation compared to placebo rinses. Five herbal products (Camelia sinensis, Azadirachta indica, Anacardium occidentale Linn, Schinus terebinthifolius and Curcuma longa) showed better results than chlorhexidine in dental plaque and gingival inflammation reductions. However, the unclear risk of bias of most included RCTs precludes definitive conclusions. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the design of future RCT in other reduced potential bias that may affect the degree of precision of treatment outcomes in order to evaluate the effect size and clinical relevance of herbal mouthrinses.
Retracted: Co‐designing technology with people with dementia and their carers: Exploring user perspectives when co‐creating a mobile health application
Authors: O'Connor Siobhan
Published: December 2019

Aims

To explore the perspectives of those involved in co‐designing a mobile application with people with dementia and their carers.

Background

People with dementia suffer physical and psychological problems as their illness progresses and require a range of health and social care services to meet their needs. Mobile applications are being developed to support individuals to manage long‐term conditions, but patients and carers are not always involved in designing this technology, which can lead to poor quality health apps. A digital initiative was launched to involve people with dementia and their carers in creating a mobile app that would support communication and enable them to share memories together.

Design

An exploratory, descriptive approach was used.

Methods

In‐depth interviews with people with dementia, their carers, and others involved in co‐creating a mobile health application were conducted. Data analysis was undertaken using the framework approach.

Results

The views of people with dementia, their carers, and project staff were similar regarding the complexity of the co‐design process, and the value the mobile app had for people with dementia and their families. Being involved in co‐production seemed to have numerous benefits for people with dementia and their carers as they gained new knowledge and skills, friendships, and a sense of achievement in creating a unique app that would benefit many people. The app also appeared useful in stimulating memory and cognitive function, aiding communication, and providing a sense of normalcy for people living with dementia and their carers.

Conclusion

Mobile health applications can facilitate interaction between people with dementia and their carer network that could improve their quality of life. Further research on which co‐design process is best suited to people with dementia and whether technology created via this participatory method is more effective or not in improving health outcomes is required.

Implications for practice

Nurses should have knowledge of and education about technology and how it can promote health and wellbeing of persons with dementia. Nurses who care for people with dementia and their families should support them in taking part in or leading the design of technologies that meet their needs. Participatory design methods should be taught in nursing education so the profession can provide guidance to patients and their families on co‐creating health products and services
Craniofacial surgery and specific airway problems
Authors: Garcia‐Marcinkiewicz Annery G. , Stricker Paul A.
Published: December 2019

Infants and children undergoing craniofacial surgery may present with a wide range of diseases and conditions posing an array of challenges to the anesthesiologist. Optimal perioperative care requires an understanding of these diseases and their impact on airway and anesthetic management. For those children with anomalies affecting airway anatomy, soft tissues of the head and neck, or skeletal mobility, advanced airway management techniques (ie, modalities other than direct laryngoscopy) may be required to secure the airway. Additionally, some craniofacial surgical procedures have direct implications on airway management, such as with Le Fort III midface advancement involving halo distractor application, where the distractor device precludes facemask ventilation. For all of these patients, the anesthetic and airway management plans must be tailored to the surgery being performed, the patient's specific conditions, and take into consideration all phases of perioperative care. In this review, we present some of the more commonly encountered craniofacial abnormalities affecting airway management.
Effect of glutamate on Pyricularia oryzae infection of rice monitored by changes in photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant metabolism
Authors: Dias Carla S. , Rios Jonas A. , Einhardt Andersom M. , Chaves Joicy A. A. , Rodrigues Fabrício A.
Published: December 2019

Considering the importance of blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae in the decrease of rice yield worldwide, this study aimed to assess the photosynthetic performance [leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence parameters as well as the photosynthetic pigments concentration], the activities of antioxidant enzymes [ascorbate peroxidase, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione‐S‐transferase] and concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaves of rice plants non‐supplied (−Glu) or supplied (+Glu) with glutamate (Glu) and non‐infected or infected by P. oryzae. Blast severity was reduced in the leaves of +Glu plants. On the infected leaves of +Glu plants, the values for internal CO2 concentration were lower while the values for net carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance as well as for the concentrations of Chl a, Chl b and carotenoids were higher in comparison to infected leaves of −Glu plants. The functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus was preserved in the infected leaves of +Glu plants. The activities of CAT, GPX, GR, POX and SOD increased in the infected leaves of both −Glu and +Glu plants compared to their non‐inoculated counterparts, but their activities were lower for +Glu plants. The lower activity of these antioxidative enzymes was triggered by the reduced hydrogen peroxide concentration in the infected leaves of +Glu plants resulting in lower MDA concentration. It can be concluded that photosynthesis was less impaired in infected plants supplied with glutamate due to the lower biochemical constraints for CO2 fixation. Moreover, there was a need for lower activity of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes in infected leaves of plants supplied with glutamate due to the lower oxidative stress imposed by P. oryzae infection.
Acute responses of comprehensive gonadosteroids and corticosteroids to resistance exercise before and after 10 weeks of supervised strength training
Authors: Walker Simon , Häkkinen Keijo , Newton Robert U. , Markworth James F. , Pundir Shikha , Haff Guy G. , Cameron‐Smith David , Blazevich Anthony J.
Published: December 2019

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Although acute responses of the principal gonadosteroid and corticosteroid hormones to resistance exercise are well documented, there is no information regarding how the key lower‐concentration intermediary hormones respond and potentially influence these hormonal pathways.

What is the main finding and its importance?

This study provides evidence for cascading conversions of some gonadosteroids, and the data suggest that the testosterone concentration increases independently of these hormones. These findings challenge future studies to determine the exact physiological roles of the lower‐concentration gonadosteroids and corticosteroids during and immediately after resistance exercise.

Resistance training is a potent stimulus for muscle growth, and steroid hormones are known to play a role in this adaptation. However, very little is known about the acute exercise‐induced gonadosteroid and corticosteroid hormone responses, including those of key lower‐concentration intermediate hormones. The present study determined the acute responses of these steroid hormone families using quantitative ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after resistance exercise in strength‐trained men. Venous and fingertip blood samples were obtained pre‐, mid‐, 5 min post‐ and 15 min post‐resistance exercise, both before and after 10 weeks of supervised resistance training. The experimental resistance exercise sessions consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions of bilateral leg‐press exercise and three sets of 10 repetitions of unilateral knee‐extension exercise, with 2 and 1 min recovery between sets, respectively. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) increases in the concentration of hormones in the gonadosteroid [including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, testosterone and estrone] and the corticosteroid (including cortisol, corticosterone and cortisone) families were demonstrated after both experimental resistance exercise sessions, irrespective of training status. Correlation analyses revealed relationships between the following hormones: (i) DHEA and androstenedione; (ii) DHEA and cortisol; (iii) androstenedione and estrone; and (iv) 11‐deoxycortisol and cortisol. Testosterone appears to increase acutely and independently of other intermediary hormones after resistance exercise. In conclusion, lower‐concentration intermediary gonadosteroids (e.g. estrone) and corticosteroids (e.g. corticosterone) respond robustly to resistance exercise in strength‐trained men, although it seems that testosterone concentrations are regulated by factors other than the availability of precursor hormones and changes in plasma volume.
Dynamic Trajectory Planning for a Three Degrees-of-Freedom Cable-Driven Parallel Robot Using Quintic B-Splines
Authors: Qian Sen , Bao Kunlong , Zi Bin , Zhu W. D.
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a new trajectory planning method based on the improved quintic B-splines curves for a three degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF) cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR). First, the conditions of positive cables’ tension are expressed in terms of the position and acceleration constraints of the end-effector. Then, an improved B-spline curve is introduced, which is employed for generating a pick-and-place path by interpolating a set of given via-points. Meanwhile, by expressing the position and acceleration of the end-effector in terms of the first and second derivatives of the improved B-spline, the cable tension constraints are described in the form of B-spline parameters. According to the properties of the defined pick-and-place path, the proposed motion profile is dominated by two factors: the time taken for the end-effector to pass through all the via-points and the ratio between the nodes of B-spline. The two factors are determined through multi-objective optimization based on the efficiency coefficient method. Finally, experimental results on a 3-DOF CDPR show that the improved B-spline exhibits overall superior behavior in terms of velocity, acceleration, and cables force compared with the traditional B-spline. The validity of the proposed trajectory planning method is proved through the experiments.
UropathogenicEscherichia coli-Associated Exotoxins
Authors: Welch Rodney A.
Published: December 2019

Escherichia coliare a common cause of infectious disease outside of the gastrointestinal tract. Several independently evolvedE. coliclades are common causes of urinary tract and bloodstream infections. There is ample epidemiological andin vitroevidence that several different protein toxins common to many, but not all, of these strains are likely to aid the colonization and immune-evasion ability of these bacteria. This review discusses our current knowledge and areas of ignorance concerning the contribution of the hemolysin; cytotoxic-necrotizing factor-1; and the autotransporters, Sat, Pic, and Vat, to extraintestinal human disease.
Front-of-pack nutrition labelling to promote healthier diets: current practice and opportunities to strengthen regulation worldwide
Authors: Jones Alexandra , Neal Bruce , Reeve Belinda , Ni Mhurchu Cliona , Thow Anne Marie
Published: December 2019

Unhealthy diets are a leading cause of death and disability globally. The WHO recommends Member States implement front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labels to guide consumers towards healthier food choices, as part of comprehensive strategies to prevent diet-related non-communicable diseases. Interest in FOP nutrition labelling is increasing, but there is limited guidance for policymakers developing regulations necessary for effective implementation. A rapidly evolving evidence base, limited regulatory capacity and possibility of legal challenge by affected food industry stakeholders can create ‘regulatory chill’, whereby governments are dissuaded from progressive public health policymaking. We use a framework for analysing public health law and available best-practice guidance to evaluate key components of 31 FOP nutrition labelling regulations endorsed by governments up to June 2019. Analysis of regulatory form shows recent rapid uptake of label formats that are easier for consumers to understand and increasing use of mandatory legislation. However, policymakers must decide much more than whether to apply ‘stars’, ‘traffic lights’ or ‘stop signs’. The substance of effective regulation must contain strategic regulatory objectives, clear specifications for displaying the label on pack, a valid scoring mechanism and a justified scope for including foods. While there are limited data on current practice, good governance of FOP nutrition labelling regulation also requires transparency and accountability in processes of label development, implementation, evaluation and enforcement to promote continuous improvement and withstand undue commercial interference. Whether developing new FOP nutrition labels or reforming existing ones, our findings support policymakers to design and implement best-practice, evidence-informed regulation.
Effect of annealing on the morphology and the optical characterization of the AZO:Co thin film prepared by Sol–Gel process
Authors: Mirmohammad-Hosseini-Oushani Seyedeh-Niousha , Zare-Dehnavi Nasser
Published: December 2019

In this work, the ZnO thin film, the Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin film (0.98M ZnO, 0.02M Al) and the (Al,Co) co-doped ZnO thin film (AZO:Co) (0.95M ZnO, 0.02M Al, 0.03M Co) were deposited on the glass substrate by the Sol–Gel method. We fabricated a sample of the ZnO thin film, a sample of the AZO thin film and three samples of AZO:Co thin films. The spin-coating was used to deposit thin film on the glass substrate. The ZnO and the AZO thin films were annealed at 450[Formula: see text]C while three samples of the AZO:Co thin films were annealed at 300[Formula: see text]C, 450[Formula: see text]C and 600[Formula: see text]C in air for 60 min, respectively. In order to prepare three samples of the AZO:Co thin films, we deposited the (Al,Co) co-doped ZnO on the glass substrate for 20 s then all samples were per-heated at 80[Formula: see text]C for 10 min. we repeated this deposition process five times for each sample. Finally, three samples were annealed at 300[Formula: see text]C, 450[Formula: see text]C and 600[Formula: see text]C in air for 60 min, respectively. The procedure to prepare of the ZnO and AZO thin films was like the AZO:Co thin films except that the annealing temperature was 450[Formula: see text]C. The structural and optical properties of the thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Results indicated that (Al,Co) co-doping in the ZnO thin film improve the optical transmission while changes in the lattice structure is small with respect to the AZO thin film. Also, the AZO:Co thin film which was annealed at 450[Formula: see text]C exhibited simultaneously the high thickness and high optical transmission.
Ab-initio calculations on the structural and electronic transport properties of five-atom GaN clusters
Authors: Liang Xiao-Chong , Long Xiao-Jiang , Zhang Lin , Zhu Jun
Published: December 2019

The structural and electronic transport properties of [Formula: see text] clusters are studied based on density functional theory (DFT). Their most stable structures are proved to be planar by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and have decreasing binding energies with the increasing number of Ga atom in clusters. The electronic transport properties of these clusters connected with two Al(1 0 0) electrodes are calculated by combining nonequilibrium Green’s-function (NEGF) with DFT. Most of them have an equilibrium conductance of above [Formula: see text], except for [Formula: see text]. Negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomenon of different level is observed in their I–V curves in bias ranges of from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] V and from 0.7 to 1.1 V.
Deposition of ZnS films by RF magnetron sputtering: Structural and optical properties using Z-scan technique
Authors: Abdallah B. , Zidan M. D. , Allahham A.
Published: December 2019

Deposition of zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films on Si (1 0 0) and glass substrates has been performed using RF magnetron sputtering method. Film structure has been analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), while the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images have been used to explore the film morphology. FTIR and Raman spectroscopies have been used to confirm the film composition. The stoichiometry has been verified by Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) technique. The XRD patterns have indicated that the films possess a polycrystalline nanocrystallite cubic structure. The optical properties of the grown films were characterized by optical transmittance measurements (UV–Vis). The deduced energy bandgaps of the films show an increase from 3.75 eV to 3.88 eV with the power source changes from 90 W to 125 W. Furthermore, Z-scan technique (CW diode laser [Formula: see text] nm) was employed to estimate the nonlinear optical absorption of the prepared ZnS films.
EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL SELF-PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOR ON EPIDEMIC SPREADING
Authors: LEE SANG-HEE , KANG HYUK , SONG HARK-SOO
Published: December 2019

Most previous models for epidemic spreading are based on an assumption that all individual characteristics in a population are identical and stochastically distributed. However, in the real world, individuals have different behavioral characteristics for resisting infections, one of which is self-protective behavior. In this study, we suggest an equation describing self-protective behavior and use the equation in an agent-based model to simulate epidemic spreading in a population. The self-protective behavior was simply defined as the behavioral rule that when a susceptible individual meets an infective individual, the susceptible tends to move in the opposite direction of the infective individual. The degree of the tendency was quantified as a value of [Formula: see text] ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, with a higher [Formula: see text] representing a stronger tendency. The simulation results showed that when the recovery and infection probability are balanced to some extent, the [Formula: see text] effect clearly appeared. The [Formula: see text] effect led to a reduction in the number of infective individuals in a stable state. In addition, the effect decreased with an increase in population size. We briefly discuss how the results can be applied in real life situations.
Resonance Mechanism of Nonlinear Vibrational Multistable Energy Harvesters under Narrow‐Band Stochastic Parametric Excitations
Authors: Huang Dongmei , Zhou Shengxi , Yang Zhichun
Published: December 2019

To improve energy harvesting performance, this paper investigates the resonance mechanism of nonlinear vibrational multistable energy harvesters under narrow‐band stochastic parametric excitations. Based on the method of multiple scales, the largest Lyapunov exponent which determines the stability of the trivial steady‐state solutions is derived. The first kind modified Bessel function is utilized to derive the solutions of the responses of multistable energy harvesters. Then, the first‐order and second‐order nontrivial steady‐state moments of multistable energy harvesters are considered. To explore the stochastic bifurcation phenomenon between the nontrivial and trivial steady‐state solutions, the Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation corresponding to the two‐dimensional Itô stochastic differential equations is solved by using the finite difference method. In addition, the mechanism of the stochastic bifurcation of multistable energy harvesters is analyzed for revealing their unique dynamic response characteristics.
Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of the GenusGlehnia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Min , Li Xue , Zhang Lei , Wang Congcong , Ji Mingyue , Xu Jianping , Zhang Keyong , Liu Jicheng , Zhang Chunhong , Li Minhui
Published: December 2019

Glehnia littoralisFr. Schmidt ex Miq, the sole species in the genusGlehnia(Apiaceae), has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat fatigue, weakness, stomach-yin deficiency, lung heat, cough, dry throat, and thirst. Recently,G. littoralishas also been incorporated into a wide range of Chinese vegetarian cuisines. Based on the comprehensive information, advances in botany, known uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity ofG. littoralis, we aim to highlight research gaps and challenges in studyingG. littoralisas well as to explore its potential use in plant biotechnology. This may provide more efficient therapeutic agents and health products fromG. littoralis. A literature search of SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Scopus, TPL, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, and Web of Science, books, PhD and MSc dissertations, and peer-reviewed papers onG. littoralisresearch was conducted and comprehensively analyzed. We confirmed that the ethnomedical uses ofG. littoralishave been recorded in China, Japan, and Korea for thousands of years. A phytochemical investigation revealed that the primary active compounds were phenylpropanoids, coumarins, lignanoids, and flavonoids, organic acids and derivatives, terpenoids, polyacetylenes, steroids, nitrogen compounds, and others. Our analysis also confirmed that the extracts ofG. littoralispossess immunoregulatory, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antifungal, and analgesic properties. Although further studies are required, there is strong evidence of the antitumor and immunoregulatory potential ofG. littoralis. Also, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of its active compounds (e.g., falcarinol and panaxydiol) before any clinical studies can be carried out.
Evaluation of Horizontal Electric Field from the Lightning Channel by Electromagnetic Field Equations of Moving Charges
Authors: Zhang Yunfeng , Zhang Erchun , Gu Jialiang
Published: December 2019

The horizontal electric field from the lightning return-stroke channel is evaluated by the electromagnetic field equations of moving charges in this paper. When a lightning flash strikes the ground, the charges move upward the lightning channel at the return-stroke speed, thereby producing the electromagnetic fields. According to the electromagnetic field equations of moving charges, the detained charges, uniformly moving charges, and decelerating (or accelerating) charges in each segment of the channel generate electrostatic fields, velocity fields, and radiation fields, respectively. The horizontal component of the sum is the horizontal electric field over the perfectly conducting ground. For the real soil with finite conductivity, the Wait formula is used here for the evaluation of the horizontal electric field over the realistic soil. The proposed method can avoid the oscillation of the fields in the long distance by the FDTD method and the singularity problem of the integral equation by the Sommerfeld integral method. The influences of the return-stroke speed, distance, and soil conductivity on the horizontal electric field are also analyzed by the proposed method. The conclusions can be drawn that the horizontal electric field decreases with the increasing of the return-stroke speed; the negative offset increases with the increasing of horizontal distance and with the decreasing of the soil conductivity, thereby forming the bipolar waveform. These conclusions will be practically valuable for the protection of lightning-induced overvoltage on the transmission lines.
Anesthetic Management of a Voluminous Left Atrial Myxoma Resection in a 19 Weeks Pregnant with Atypical Clinical Presentation
Authors: Alexis Alexandros , Origer Pierre , Hacquebard Jean-Pierre , De Cannière Didier , Germay Olivier , Vandenbossche Jean-Luc , Kapessidou Yota
Published: December 2019

We report the case of a semi-urgent cardiac surgery, in a 19 gestation age pregnant. Despite the fact that the patient was asymptomatic, except for some palpitations, a large left auricle (LA) myxoma was fortuitously diagnosed with transthoracic echocardiography (TEE). Considering the important embolic risk, the tumor was successfully removed during cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Fetal bradycardia following defibrillation under stable maternal and CPB conditions was successfully managed. The postoperative period and remainder of the pregnancy was smooth and the delivery uneventful.
Retained Foreign Body Causing a Liver Abscess
Authors: Sim Guek Gwee , Sheth Sujata Kirtikant
Published: December 2019

Introduction. A liver abscess caused by fishbone ingestion is extremely rare in the Emergency Department.Case Report. We report a case of a middle-aged female who presented to the Emergency Department with nonspecific symptoms. Computed tomography showed a liver abscess that had formed secondary to a fishbone. The patient was treated conservatively initially and subsequently with percutaneous drainage and finally with open drainage. Her condition improved and she was discharged from the hospital with the foreign body still in-situ.Conclusion. This case is one of six cases in literature where the patient has been discharged successfully from the hospital with a retained fishbone. It also demonstrates the difficulty of diagnosing a foreign body causing a liver abscess and the multiple treatment modalities used to treat a liver abscess caused by fishbone.
Study on Flexural Bearing Capacity Calculation Method of Enclosure Pile with Partial Excision in Deep Foundation Pit
Authors: Lei Mingfeng , Liu Linghui , Lin Yuexiang , Li Jin
Published: December 2019

During deep foundation pit construction, the structural clearance intrusion, which is caused by the complex formation conditions and the inefficient drilling equipment, is usually detected due to the vertical deviation of piles. To meet construction requirements, pile parts intruding into the structural clearance are supposed to be excised. However, the sectional flexural strength of the pile is bound to decrease with partial excision, which would reduce the bearing capacity of the enclosing structure during construction. In this paper, a theoretical derivation of the normal sectional flexural strength of the partially excised circular pile is proposed. The derivation adopts the assumption of the plane section and steel ring equivalence and can be solved by the bisection method. Furthermore, the calculation method is applied to the pile evaluation of a practical engineering; also, the method is verified by the numerical method. The application results show that the excision of rebar and pile’s sectional area will cause a rapid linear decline in the sectional flexural strength. After excising 18 cm radial thickness of the circular pile (ϕ800 mm) and 6 longitudinal rebars, the sectional flexural strength of the pile decreases to 58% from the origin, which cannot meet the support requirement. The analysis indicates that pile reinforcements must be carried out to maintain the construction safety.
Interleukin-7 Resensitizes Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Cisplatin via Inhibition of ABCG2
Authors: Ke Bin , Wei Ting , Huang Yuanyuan , Gong Yuxin , Wu Gang , Liu Junfang , Chen Xiaoting , Shi Lin
Published: December 2019

Treatment with cisplatin (DDP) is one of the standard therapies used to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and fundamentally causes resistance in cancer cells, which eventually poses as an obstacle to the efficacy of chemotherapy in NSCLC. Efforts are on all over the world to explore a sensitizer of NSCLC to DDP. Here, we studied the effect of IL-7 on the resistance of NSCLC to chemotherapy. We observed that IL-7 treatment significantly enhanced DDP-induced effects in A549 and A549/DDP cells (DDP-resistant cells), including decreased cell viability and proliferation, as well as increased cell apoptosis and S arrest, indicating that IL-7 treatment resensitized DDP-resistant NSCLC cells to DDP. Subsequently, IL-7 enhanced the sensitivity of PI3K/AKT signaling and expressions of ABCG2 to DDP. By inhibiting IL-7 signaling via IL-7R knockdown or activating PI3K/AKT signaling via PI3K activation, the resensitization to DDP by IL-7 was abrogated, and the expression levels of ABCG2, p-PI3K, and p-AKT were found to be significantly higher. In vivo results also confirmed that IL-7 only in combination with DDP could remarkably induce tumor regression with reduced levels of ABCG2 in tumorous tissues. These findings indicate that IL-7, apart from its adjuvant effect, could overcome multidrug resistance of DDP to restore its chemotherapy sensitivity.
Porous Titanium Granules in comparison with Autogenous Bone Graft in Femoral Osseous Defects: A Histomorphometric Study of Bone Regeneration and Osseointegration in Rabbits
Authors: Pepelassi Eudoxie , Perrea Despina , Dontas Ismene , Ulm Christian , Vrotsos Ioannis , Tangl Stefan
Published: December 2019

Background. The high resorption rate of autogenous bone is a well-documented phenomenon that can lead to insufficient bone quality and quantity in an augmented area. Nonresorbable bone substitutes might perform better than autogenous bone in certain applications if they are able to provide adequate bone formation and graft osseointegration. Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the osseous regeneration and graft integration in standardized defects in the rabbit femur treated either with porous titanium granules or autogenous osseous graft. Materials and Methods. Standardized femoral osseous defects were surgically induced in 45 New Zealand rabbits. Fifteen were treated with porous titanium granules (TIGRAN™-PTG) and membrane (PTGM), 15 with autogenous graft and membrane (AGM), and 15 with membrane alone (CM, control). At six weeks, the defects were assessed histologically and histomorphometrically. Results. PTGM as compared to AGM presented similar percentages of newly formed bone tissue, but a significantly higher fraction of the region of interest was filled with the bone substitute material. Accordingly, the composite of new bone plus bone substitute material showed significantly higher volumes for PTGM. Yet, the smaller amount of remaining autogenous bone was far better osseointegrated than the titanium granules, which in large regions showed no connection to newly formed bone. Both PTGM and AGM as compared to CM presented higher values of newly formed bone. Conclusions. This study demonstrated that PTG was similarly effective as autogenous osseous graft in achieving osseous regeneration while PTG performed markedly better in graft volume stability. The resulting higher total percentage of new bone combined with the bone substitute material in PTG could provide a superior foundation for implant placement.
Hardening Concrete Exposed to Realistic Curing Temperature Regimes and Restraint Conditions: Advanced Testing and Design Methodology
Authors: Klausen Anja Estensen , Kanstad Terje , Bjøntegaard Øyvind
Published: December 2019

Early age cracking (EAC) is a well-known problem area when it comes to concrete structures. The driving forces behind EAC are thermal dilation and autogenous deformation, but EAC is also strongly dependent on material and geometrical properties such as hydration heat development, tensile strength, E-modulus, creep, cross-sectional dimensions, and degree of restraint. The current document contains a description of the EAC design methodology that is currently being implemented in Norway. The basis of the methodology is to define and describe the material properties of a given concrete through laboratory testing and succeeding model fitting. The obtained material parameters are then evaluated and calibrated by comparing (1) stress development measured in a Temperature-Stress Testing Machine with (2) stress development calculated by using the obtained material properties and various multiphysical EAC calculation approaches. Special consideration is given to the effect of realistic curing temperature regimes on the various material properties and consequently on the EAC.
Assessment of Factors Affecting the Implementation of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness for Treatment of under Five Children by Health Professional in Health Care Facilities in Yifat Cluster in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Ayele Mamo , Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Mengistu Fikir Alebachew
Published: December 2019

Background. Every year some 12 million children in developing countries die before they reach their fifth birthday. Seven in ten of these deaths are due to acute respiratory infections (mostly pneumonia), diarrhea, measles, malaria or malnutrition. The WHO Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (CAH), in collaboration with eleven other WHO programmes and UNICEF, has responded to this challenge by developing the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy. Research that examines assessment of factors influencing the implementing the integrated management of neonatal and childhood illnesses (IMCI) strategy in Ethiopia is limited. Objective. To assess factors influencing the implementation of the IMNCI strategy by health professionals in public health institutions of Yifat cluster in North Shewa zone, Ethiopia, 2018. Method. An institutional based cross-sectional study will be conducted from March to May. A total of 201 health professionals will be selected using proportionally allocated to population size and interviewed using structured and pretested questionnaires. Data will be coded, entered and cleaned using SPSS version 20 for analysis. Univariate (frequency), Bivariate, Multiple logistic regression analysis will be employed. P-value and 95% confidence interval (CI) for OR will be used in judging the significance of the associations. P-value less than 0.05 will be taken as significant association. Results. Data were obtained from 201 health care professionals, yielding a response rate of 100%. The overall IMNCI implementation was 58% as high level implementation and 42% as low level implementation. In multivariate analysis the implementation of IMNCI was higher among IMNCI trained health care professionals ([AOR=2.7, 95% CI: (1.1.278, 4.562)]) and among those whose always referring chart booklet [AOR=2.76, 95% CI: (1.753, 5.975)]. Conclusion. IMNCI strategy can be better implemented through provision of training for the health workers. However, a variety of factor found to be a barrier to IMNCI implementation in a consistent way. Recommendations have been made related to provision of the training to the nurses and Health Care system strengthening among others.
ІННОВАЦІЇ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ СТАНДАРТІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ У ВІННИЦЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМЕНІ М. І. ПИРОГОВА
Authors: Moroz V. M. , Guminsky Yu. Y. , Polesya T. L. , Fomina L. V. , Guminsky O. Yu. , Kiseliova T. M.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – висвітлення механізмів забезпечення якості шляхом упровадження європейських інноваційних технологій організації навчання у ВНМУ імені М. І. Пирогова у світлі академічної тріади: педагогічний процес, наукові дослідження, клінічна практика.

Основна частина. Інновації європейських стандартів вищої медичної освіти відбуваються на рівні вдосконалення методів та організації педагогічного процесу, науки і клінічної практики. Створено відділ моніторингу якості освіти, суттєво змінено парадигму державної атестації – впроваджено єдиний державний кваліфікаційний іспит, «Крок 2», підготовку до міжнародного тестування з основ медицини (IFOM) та іспит з іноземної мови професійного спрямування, створено Медичний симуляційний центр, Навчально-тренінговий центр практичної підготовки лікарів, активується наукова діяльність університету та створюються нові науково-дослідницькі центри.

Висновки. У процесі інновацій європейських стандартів вищої освіти у Вінницькому національному медичному університеті імені М. І. Пирогова відбулась коадаптація національних та світових технологій, що дає кожному студенту шанс здобути освіту європейського рівня, стати конкурентоспроможним фахівцем і мати можливість вільного вибору місця праці в будь-якій країні.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ В УМОВАХ МАСОВОГО ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Voronenko Yu. V. , Mintser O. P.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – з’ясувати вплив інформаційних технологій у трансформації післядипломної медичної освіти.

Основна частина. У статті висвітлено, що ключовим питанням при реалізації сучасних тенденцій навчання є якість підготовки спеціалістів охорони здоров’я. Зазначено, що безальтернативним варіантом розвитку післядипломної медичної освіти та безперервного професійного розвитку лікарів і провізорів є створення єдиного методологічного центру сучасного передавання професійних знань.

Висновки. Недооцінка важливості розвитку нових технологій передавання знань може призвести до втрати стратегічних переваг у розвитку всієї системи освіти в державі. Ключовим питанням при реалізації сучасних тенденцій навчання є якість підготовки спеціалістів охорони здоров’я. Безальтернативним варіантом розвитку післядипломної медичної освіти та безперервного професійного розвитку лікарів і провізорів є створення єдиного методологічного центру сучасного передавання професійних знань.
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ СИСТЕМИ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ЗНАНЬ ЗАПОРІЗЬКОГО ДЕРЖАВНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ
Authors: Kolesnyk Yu. M. , Avramenko M. O. , Morhuntsova S. A. , Ryzhov O. A. , Ivankova N. A.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – запропонувати концепцію системи менеджменту корпоративних знань у медичному університеті, яка базується на ресурсах інформаційно-освітнього середовища університету.

Основна частина. В умовах дигіталізації системи вищої освіти та впровадження системи електронних сервісів, які здійснюють менеджмент та моніторинг процесу навчання студентів, відбувається формування нової системи менеджменту корпоративних знань університету. Особливістю цієї системи є інтеграція інформаційних, практично-орієнтованих та керівних складових системи медичної освіти в інформаційно-освітньому просторі університету. Основною метою системи менеджменту корпоративних знань ЗДМУ є забезпечення самостійної роботи студентів, розкриття їх творчого потенціалу через формування індивідуальних траєкторій навчання, а також накопичення найкращого педагогічного досвіду викладачів, який реалізований в авторських онлайн-курсах, підвищення кваліфікації молодих викладачів у системі онлайн-курсів педагогічної майстерності.

Висновок. Концепція системи менеджменту корпоративних знань є новою парадигмою організації навчальної діяльності медичного університету.
ПЕДІАТРИЧНА ОСВІТА УКРАЇНИ У ХХІ СТОРІЧЧІ: СУЧАСНІ ВИКЛИКИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ МАЙБУТНЬОГО
Authors: Volosovets O. P. , Kryvopustov S. P. , Sichkoriz O. E. , Abaturov O. E. , Banadyga N. V. , Beketovа G. V. , Besh L. V. , Bolbot Y. K. , Boyarskaya L. M. , Boyarchuk O. R. , Dudnik V. M. , Kiselevа M. M. , Kryuchko T. O. , Kuzmenko A. Ya. , Loginova I. O. , Lezhenko G. O. , Mozyrskaya O. V. , Ovcharenko L. S. , Pavlyshin H. A. , Pokhilko V. I. , Njankovsky S. L. , Smiyan O. I. , Khomenko V. E.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – оцінити стан розвитку педіатричної освіти в Україні на початку ХХІ сторіччя, кадрове забезпечення галузі за спеціальністю «Педіатрія» та розробити план заходів щодо подолання кризових явищ у педіатричній охороні здоровʼя.

Основна частина. У статті наведено дані щодо розвитку педіатричної освіти на початку ХХІ сторіччя після відновлення освітньо-наукової спеціальності «Педіатрія» у 2017 р. Висвітлено розробку сучасних стандартів підготовки дитячих лікарів, що базуються на набутті майбутніми магістрами педіатрії загальних та фахових компетенцій і необхідних практичних навичок. Наголошено на теперішніх проблемах у кадровому забезпеченні педіатричних закладів охорони здоровʼя, що може викликати складнощі у забезпеченні дітей якісною медичною допомогою у майбутньому.

Висновок. Розроблений перелік заходів на галузевому та загальнодержавному рівні щодо відновлення необхідних для країни обсягів підготовки дитячих лікарів та забезпечення належного методичного забезпечення навчального процесу.
СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ НФаУ: ДОСВІД І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Kotvitska A. A. , Fedosov A. I. , Nazarco O. I.
Published: December 2019

Мета роботи – висвітлити значення створення системи управління якістю, враховуючи досвід НфаУ, та окреслити її перспективи.

Основна частина. Для підтримки функціонування внутрішньої системи управління якістю у НФаУ створено абсолютно новий для університету структурний підрозділ – відділ управління якістю.

До функцій ВУЯ належать планування діяльності університету, організаційно-методичний супровід внутрішніх і зовнішніх аудитів, проведення процедури рейтингування кафедр та НПП, моніторинг результативності процесів СУЯ,  впровадження ризик-орієнтованих підходів до функціонування процесів СУЯ, навчання персоналу, координація документообігу тощо.

Змістовна модель СУЯ НФаУ представлена каскадною системою планування, яка передбачає поступову деталізацію планів від Місії й Політики університету до планів окремих виконавців.

Висновки. Керівництво університету вважає запроваджену систему управління якістю дієвим механізмом, що попереджає виникнення внутрішніх та зменшує вплив зовнішніх ризиків. Створена система управління якістю Національного фармацевтичного університету є змістовним підґрунтям для розбудови внутрішньої системи забезпечення якості вищої фармацевтичної освіти.
“Light Is the First of Painters”
Authors: Beebe Ann
Published: December 2019

In addition to encouraging nineteenth-century authors, the essays of Ralph Waldo Emerson served as an inspiration to American artists. This essay examines three affinities between Emerson’s prose (Nature and “Art”) and the artwork of John Frederick Kensett, with a focus on his 1869 Lake George. The landscapist and the painting appear to embody Christian expectations for character, duty, and faith as articulated by the essayist.
George Tooker’s Altarpiece of Protest
Authors: Grove Kevin G.
Published: December 2019

Renowned American protest painter George Tooker’s sacramental art opens new perspectives on the relation of the sacramental economy to modern cultural critique. Differing from extant scholarship and taking into account preparatory drawings, this article claims that George Tooker’s The Seven Sacraments altarpiece is best understood in continuity with the rest of the artist’s protest painting. This interpretation does not diminish the religious or conciliatory significance of Tooker’s masterwork but rather draws out its unique voice as a way of protesting the alone-while-together structures of American society. As western societies confront epidemics of loneliness amidst hyper-connectivity, Tooker suggests generative horizons by which sacramental theology might contribute to that conversation—not in posing a simple fix against existential loneliness, but showing forth sacraments as interconnected, graced practices which first and foremost acknowledge loneliness while at the same time denying it the power to be the final word.
Capitalising on Silver Tongues
Authors: Dong Xuan , Zhang Xianyu
Published: December 2019

This article explores why Chinese parents are keen to urge their children to advance themselves by actively participating in elocution training, a popular form of shadow education. Drawing on 14 in-depth interviews with parents in north-east China, this study highlights that these parents hope that their children will accumulate cultural capital by exercising their oratorical skills. Many parents expect their children to articulate cultural capital in the present on the performance stage and transform it into life-long symbolic currency on the metaphorical stage of their future lives. Thus, this article argues that the purssuit of “silver tongues” is not only the articulation of parents’ expectations regarding their children’s personal growth, but also a critical method of constructing a utopic accessible, successful, and meaningful life for these parents, rather than their children.
Theorising in Philippine Sociology, 1955–2017
Authors: Erasga Dennis S. , Duaqui Yellowbelle D.M. , Llangco Mark Oliver
Published: December 2019

The article’s principal objective is to assess the state of theorising in Philippine sociology via the pages the Philippine Sociological Review (PSR). It reviews a portfolio of theoretical articles published by PSR over the span of seven decades (1955–2017). With PSR as the “interpretive canon,” the review uncovers suggestive actualities regarding the nature and extent of sociological theorising in the country. The theorising praxis of Filipino sociologists is characterised by a duality of “undercurrents” indicative of actual and potential actions that are habitual in nature (inclinations) yet porous enough to accommodate adjustments (possibilities) epitomised by episodic calls to theorise. Their nexus, albeit imbued with tension and ambivalence, is construed as predictive of promising futures (trajectories) for the discipline in the country. The article concludes that the climate of sociological theorising in the Philippines is essentially synchronous in the global trend along such area of concern.