bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural practices and beliefs followed for new born care in Santhal pargana - A cross sectional study
Authors: Gaur Rakhi , Kumar Rajan , Kaur Navjot , Kumar Manoj , Das Sarthak , Patel Rashmi B.
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Newborn care practices and beliefs vary word-wide, country to country and region to region. These care practices play a vital role in morbidity and mortality of newborn. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the newborn care practices and beliefs of newborn care.

Methods:

Data was collected from 429 post-natal mothers, who delivered in selected government hospitals of Santhal parganas, Deoghar, Jharkhand. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data from February 2023 to April 2023.

Results:

Findings of the study are, 86.9% mothers accepted that they massage the baby with oil before bath, 89.3% participants have given breastfeeding within one hour of delivery, 93.7% have given prelacteal feeds to the newborn. Applying Heeng (Asafoetida) over the umbilicus was found a common practice to cure the abdominal pain, 70.8% accepted that they apply ashes or powder or cow dung on the umbilical cord, and 88.3% rub the dough on baby’s skin to remove excess hairs, 99.3% mothers had firm belief that hot and cold foods in their diet could harm the baby. In continuation 98.8% believed that tooth eruption is associated with diarrhoea, 95.6% are applying kajal in the eyes of new born. Majority 98.8% believed that baby’s skin should be exposed to sunlight in case of jaundice and 94% avoid dressing of new born with yellow clothes.

Conclusion:

Continuous Health Education programs must be organized in Community to Educate the people about beneficial and harmful newborn care practices, which will help to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn.
ARM-Net: Improved MRI brain tumor segmentation method based on attentional mechanism and residual module
Authors: MingHu
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Accurate tumor segmentation is a prerequisite for reliable diagnosis and treatment of brain cancer. Gliomas, a highly prevalent and life-threatening type of brain tumor, pose a challenge for segmentation due to the intricate nature of brain structures and unpredictable appearances on brain MRI images.OBJECTIVES: Current methods for brain tumor segmentation mostly rely on deep convolutional neural networks, which suffer from significant loss of feature information during encoding and decoding and the inability to capture tumor contours in detail.METHODS: To address these challenges, this study rethinks the network architecture for MRI brain tumor segmentation. It proposes ARM-Net: an improved method for MRI brain tumor segmentation based on attention mechanisms and residual modules. Firstly, inverted external attention and dilated gated attention are employed in the last two layers of the encoder to enable the network to interact with both lesion areas and global information, facilitating better interaction among the four modalities. Secondly, different numbers of Res-Paths are added in the encoder's first two layers and the decoder's last two layers to effectively mitigate the semantic gap issues caused by traditional skip connections.RESULTS: Experiments on the BraTS 2019 dataset demonstrate that ARM-Net outperforms other similar models in terms of segmentation performance.CONCLUSION: The experiment showed that the ARM-Net model could segment the contour structure of the tumor better than other methods.
The 24th ICMI Study: Mathematics curriculum reforms around the world
Authors: Shimizu Yoshinori , Vithal Renuka
Published: July 2024

This text has previously been published in
EMS Magazine
[Eur. Math. Soc. Mag. 130 (2023), 56–59] and is reproduced here with the authorization of the authors and editors.
Trends of autoimmune liver disease inpatient hospitalization and mortality from 2011 to 2017: A United States nationwide analysis
Authors: Wakil Ali , Muzahim Yasameen , Awadallah Mina , Kumar Vikash , Mazzaferro Natale , Greenberg Patricia , Pyrsopoulos Nikolaos
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Autoimmune liver diseases (AiLD) encompass a variety of disorders that target either the liver cells (autoimmune hepatitis, AIH) or the bile ducts [(primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)]. These conditions can progress to chronic liver disease (CLD), which is characterized by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have indicated a rise in hospitalizations and associated costs for CLD in the US, but information regarding inpatient admissions specifically for AiLD remains limited.

AIM

To examine the trends and mortality of inpatient hospitalization of AiLD from 2011 to 2017.

METHODS

This study is a retrospective analysis utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) databases. All subjects admitted between 2011 and 2017 with a diagnosis of AiLD (AIH, PBC, PSC) were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) and ICD-10 codes. primary AiLD admission was defined if the first admission code was one of the AiLD codes. secondary AiLD admission was defined as having the AiLD diagnosis anywhere in the admission diagnosis (25 diagnoses). Subjects aged 21 years and older were included. The national estimates of hospitalization were derived using sample weights provided by NIS. χ 2 tests for categorical data were used. The primary trend characteristics were in-hospital mortality, hospital charges, and length of stay.

RESULTS

From 2011 to 2017, hospitalization rates witnessed a significant decline, dropping from 83263 admissions to 74850 admissions (P < 0.05). The patients hospitalized were predominantly elderly (median 53% for age > 65), mostly female (median 59%) (P < 0.05), and primarily Caucasians (median 68%) (P < 0.05). Medicare was the major insurance (median 56%), followed by private payer (median 27%) (P < 0.05). The South was the top geographical distribution for these admissions (median 33%) (P < 0.05), with most admissions taking place in big teaching institutions (median 63%) (P < 0.05). Total charges for admissions rose from 66031 in 2011 to 78987 in 2017 (P < 0.05), while the inpatient mortality rate had a median of 4.9% (P < 0.05), rising from 4.67% in 2011 to 5.43% in 2017. The median length of stay remained relatively stable, changing from 6.94 days (SD = 0.07) in 2011 to 6.51 days (SD = 0.06) in 2017 (P < 0.05). Acute renal failure emerged as the most common risk factor associated with an increased death rate, affecting nearly 68% of patients (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

AiLD-inpatient hospitalization showed a decrease in overall trends over the studied years, however there is a significant increase in financial burden on healthcare with increasing in-hospital costs along with increase in mortality of hospitalized patient with AiLD.
Titanium Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock 3Al - 8V - 6Cr - 4Mo - 4Zr Solution Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
Published: July 2024

This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of bars up through 4.000 inches (101.60 mm) in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides, inclusive, forgings of thickness up through 4.000 inches (101.60 mm), inclusive, and stock for forging of any size (see 8.6).
Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Industry: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Kim Donghae , Han Myeonghun , Kim Nahyun , Kim Jihyeon , Jung Sokhee P.
Published: July 2024

Pyrolysis is a technology that can produce pyrolysis oil by decomposing waste plastic, and has the advantage of being able to process contaminated waste plastic that is impossible to process with other technologies. In Korea, where the amount of waste plastic is increasing and natural resources such as fossil fuels are lacking, pyrolysis technology is attracting attention under the keyword ‘urban oil field’. The Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea announced a ‘plan to revitalize waste plastic pyrolysis’ to increase the proportion of waste plastic pyrolysis treatment from 0.1% in 2021 to 10% in 2030. The products of pyrolysis are both fuel and plastic raw materials, but the processing consumes significant energy. Therefore, as criticism continues that the marketability and economic feasibility of pyrolysis technology is poor, questions are being raised about its environmental friendliness. Against this background, this study investigated international trends in pyrolysis technology and performed a detailed comparative analysis with other technologies from an environmental perspective. According to the results of this study, currently environmentally advanced countries are very negative about using pyrolysis oil as fuel, and the following policy directions are suggested. 1) In order to comply with the mandatory use ratio of plastic recycled raw materials and at the same time achieve eco-friendliness, it is recommended to use pyrolysis technology as a plastic recycled raw material production technology rather than fuel conversion. 2) Since pyrolysis emits more greenhouse gases than physical recycling, pyrolysis technology is used as a complementary method to physical recycling to process waste plastics that are difficult to physically recycle. 3) Since physical recycling is very important in the resource circulation of waste plastic, the development of separation and sorting technology is promoted nationally.
Joseph Raz, Aristóteles y el razonamiento con precedentes judiciales
Authors: Romero Muñoz Armando A.
Published: July 2024

Esta investigación se enfoca en la concepción de Joseph Raz sobre el razonamiento moral que realizan los jueces cuando razonan con precedentes judiciales. Para Raz, un aspecto del razonamiento jurídico que ejercen los jueces es de naturaleza moral. Este se realiza a partir de lo que él denomina razones operativas y razones auxiliares de un sistema jurídico. Las razones operativas son razones que indican que se debe de realizar un determinado fin. Las razones auxiliares son razones que indican los medios o acciones a través de los cuales se puede realizar un determinado fin. Para Raz, al igual que Aristóteles, dicho fin y medios son de naturaleza moral y la relación entre fines y medios no es de corte instrumental. Una vez expuesto este aspecto del razonamiento jurídico en Raz, se puede sostener que en su propuesta están presentes algunos de los elementos centrales de la tradición ética aristotélica.
Mastering Vocabulary Through Brainstorming Game In Eight Grade Students At MTS Al- Wasliyah Lubuk Pakam 2022/2023
Authors: A. Yani Selfitrida
Published: July 2024

The study find out that teaching vocabulary through brainstorming game could develop the students' ability in using vocabulary, especially for students in Eighth grade MTs.Al-Wasliyah Lubuk Pakam in the extend 85.18% . After analyzing the data, it was found out the students' ability in using vocabulary got improvement through brainstorming game. The result of the analyzing the data showed that there was an improving on the students' ability in mastering vocabulary from each cycles. It was showed from the mean of pre-test was 39,62. Where, there were 9 students got success score criteria or it was only 33.33% and 18 students got unsuccess or it was 66,67 %. After doing cycle I through brainstorming game, there was an improving of the result of the students' mean was 58.14. Where, 15 students got success criteria score or it was only 55.56% and 12 students got unsuccess criteria score or it was 44.44%. Then, doing repairing for second cycle after reflection on the first cycle, there was improving of students' mean was 88.89. Where, 23 students' got success criteria score or it was 85,18%. In other words, the students' ability in mastering vocabulary was improved. And based on interviewed, observation sheet, diary notes and documentation, it showed that the expression and excitement of the students were also improved.
Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah Dana Alokasi Umum Terhadap Belanja Modal di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2018-2021
Authors: Anandyaswara Bima , Arifin Atwal
Published: July 2024

Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) merupakan dana yang bersumber dari pemasukan APBN yang dialokasikan untuk provinsi serta kabupaten atau kota dengan proporsi sesuai dengan kewenangan yang sudah ditentukan pemerintah daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendapatan asli daerah, dana alokasi umum terhadap belanja modal dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi sebagai variabel moderasi di Kabupaten/Kota provinsi Jawa Tengah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 35 kabupaten/kota di provinsi jawa tengah 2018-2021. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dalam pengumpulan data. Teknik analisis yang dipakai adalah uji asumsi klasik meliputi uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heteroskedastisitas, dan uji autokorelasi. Uji hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji R2, uji F dan uji MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan asli daerah dan dana alokasi umum berpengaruh terhadap belanja modal. Sedangkan pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak mampu memoderasi pendapatan asli daerah dan dana alokasi umum terhadap belanja modal di kabupaten/kota provinsi jawa tengah 2018-2021. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa pendapatan Asli Daerah berpengaruh terhadap Belanja Modal, yang dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi kurang dari 0,05 yaitu sebesar 0,000 sehingga H1 diterima.
Analisis Perbandingan Rasio Likuiditas, Solvabilitas dan Profitabilitas PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) TBK Sebelum dan Saat Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Yulianto Arief , Sudaryo Yoyo , Hakim Natigor Sipahutar Dayan , Dayona Ismail Gurawan , Febriyanti Diah
Published: July 2024

PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk sebagai salah satu perusahaan BUMN yang sudah terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dituntut untuk tetap menjaga kinerja keuangannya, perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang transportasi khususnya transportasi udara juga dituntut untuk tetap menjaga kualitas pelayanannya kepada masyarakat karena industri penerbangan nasional memiliki potensi untuk terus berkembang, hal ini disebabkan Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia. Posisi keuangan PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk yang terdampak signifikan atas terjadinya pandemi Covid-19, dimana telah terjadi penurunan demand jasa angkutan udara secara signifikan sebagai dampak langsung kebijakan-kebijakan pembatasan penerbangan untuk menekan penyebaran virus Covid-19, sehingga sangat berdampak pada kondisi Laporan Keuangan pada periode 31 Desember 2020. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian Komparatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan perusahaan periode triwulan 1-2018 sampai dengan triwulan 1-2022. Kajian ini diolah dengan paired sample t-test dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Hasil riset dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan rasio likuiditas, solvabilitas dan profitabilitas yang signifikan sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 pada PT Garuda Indonesia Tbk
Incentive-based pricing in the financing of public waste collection and treatment services
Authors: Falgas Anthony
Published: July 2024

The law of August 3, 2009, on the implementation of the ‘Grenelle de l‘environnement’, lays the foundations for the future widespread introduction of incentive-based pricing for waste collection and treatment services. This law requires local authorities, within five years, to integrate into the household waste collection fee (REOM) and the household waste collection tax (TEOM) “a variable incentive component that takes into account the nature and weight and/or volume and/or number of waste collections”. There are three methods of financing the public household waste collection and treatment service in France : financing by the general budget, TEOM and REOM. These financial tools are designed to ensure the financial viability of the public household waste management service.
Regional Participation in the Maintenance of International Peace and Security under the UN Charter: The Case of African Union and its Sub-Regional Organisations
Authors: Chakanyuka Tatenda Leopold
Published: July 2024

Under Chapter VIII of the UN Charter, the African Union shares the responsibility of maintaining international peace and security and finding African solutions in addressing conflicts on the African continent. Article 52 allows for the setting up of regional organisations to complement the work of the UN, especially in the peaceful settlement of disputes in terms of the Charter. Article 53 establishes a working relationship between regional organisations and the Security Council when it comes to the use of force. The operations of the regional organisations in terms of use of force are directly linked with the Security Council as they cannot act independently of the Security Council. While the Security Council can utilise the regional organisations in peace enforcement, the regional organisations cannot act outside of the UN Charter. On the one hand, the Security Council has neglected conflicts in Africa. On the other hand, it has significantly interfered with the efforts of the region to promote peace and security. There is a need to enhance and reinterpret Chapter VIII on regional arrangements for lasting solutions to be found. The Security Council must be able to take note and pay much attention to views coming from the regional organisations that are closer and with a deep understanding of the on the ground situation. Greater, constant communication channels between the Security Council and the regional organisation must be opened. The African Union should also utilise presently available avenues under the UN Charter to push for greater participation in the maintenance of international peace and security and must enhance its capacity to deal with peace and security issues on the continent.
Excessive Politicization of Universities: Threats toward Academic Freedom
Authors: Sejan Sakhawat Sajjat
Published: July 2024

University is designated as the marketplace of ideas. The marketplace transpires transcendent values among the students to build upcoming generations and generate new knowledge. For that academic freedom of the teachers and students is inevitable. Usually, teachers in universities must enjoy three rights to ensure academic freedom. S/he must have freedom of research and publication, freedom of teaching and freedom of speaking on different issues as citizens. Freedom of teaching is perceived as core academic speech and freedom of speaking on different issues is confined within extra mural (political) and intra-mural (public issues) speeches. This means a person belonging to academia has the scope of opining on different issues of a country whether it be academic or non-academic. As far as s/he speaks from his/her subjective expertise with objectivity, his/her speech is a fundamental human right. The absence of free speech in academia will not bring new and radical ideas through questioning the current system. But the scenario is upside down in Bangladesh. Here, the faculty members or students don’t enjoy academic freedom or secure academic environment due to the excessive politicization of universities. Though politicization could have accelerated academic freedom by entertaining dissenting opinions, but in Bangladesh it creates a chilling effect on the core academic, intra-mural and extra-mural speech of the faculty members. This will endanger the academia of Bangladesh by squeezing its role of social/state reformation and nation-building. Hence, this article focuses on the violation of academic freedom in Bangladesh through excessive politicization of Universities and endeavors to find political influence-free academia through the lens of freedom of speech.
The Need for data protection law in Nepal: Securing Citizen's Rights in the Digital Age
Authors: Chaudhary Dr. Newal
Published: July 2024

Nepal is undergoing rapid digitization of services across sectors like education, commerce, finance and healthcare. However, this digital transformation has enabled mass collection of citizens' personal data by both government and private companies without sufficient consent, transparency or protection around data use. Vast troves of Nepali citizens' information ranging from names and biometrics to browsing history, purchases and location data are being harvested through digital platforms and systems. This article analyzes the policy gaps around safeguarding citizens' data privacy rights in Nepal. It highlights real-world cases of harms arising from lack of governance around citizens' data, including electoral manipulation, data breaches, unregulated cross-border data transfers and privacy violations during the pandemic under the guise of public health response. For instance, the Cambridge Analytica scandal revealed how private firms can covertly harvest citizens' Facebook data to psychologically profile voters and target them with customized disinformation to influence their behavior. The article argues that forward-looking and rights-based data protection legislation on par with global benchmarks has become an urgent democratic imperative if Nepal is to secure its citizens' privacy, autonomy and choice in the digital age. Comprehensive governance setting clear consent requirements, purpose limitations and penalties around collection and use of citizens' data can no longer be delayed, as Nepal lags behind many of its regional peers in enacting such safeguards. The article makes the case for recognizing data protection as a 21st century freedom struggle to reclaim citizens' rights in virtual spaces in the age of surveillance capitalism.1 Enacting strong data privacy law is positioned as essential for equitable digital development in Nepal.
Global Fairness Unveiled: Navigating Justice in The World Trading System
Authors: Tiwari Asmita
Published: July 2024

According to the website of World Trade Organization (WTO), there are total 164 members, out of which two third are developing countries (includes, both developed and developing countries) and 35 are Under Developed Countries. WTO is now targeting to integrate 8 Least Developed Countries to its trading system. This shows that, participants under ‘Uniform and Liberalized trade Policy of WTO’ are divergent in many aspects; basically, the capability. Accordingly, the benefit shared by developed countries from the bilateral and multilateral treaty arrangements under WTO, is comparably vast and more efficacious for them than that shared by the Least Developed Countries and Developing Countries. This paper has attempted to analyse the fairness doctrine associated within various aspects of trading practice of WTO. This paper is expected to be significant to understand the importance of justice in world trading. To analyse this, firstly, the implication of doctrine of Fairness as advocated by John Rawls and Amartya Sen have been argued in relation to the world Trade. In this regard, it has analysed whether this fairness advocated by them in domestic institutional order is possible to be invoked at international institutional order. If yes, how they can be integrated in global trading practice. Here, analogy of fairness is made with reference to ‘Difference Principle’ of John Rawls and ‘Capabilities Approach’ of Amartya Sen. Similarly, this paper has attempted to analyse the implication of fairness in pertaining to the major issues of WTO like: Protectionist measures, bargaining power, National Treatment Principle and dispute settlement. Lastly, it has aimed to find out whether, there is special treatment under the Trading policy, meant for developing and least developing economies considering their capability and available resources. To sum up, it is expected to unveil the prospect of justice implication in WTO Trading.
Revisiting Educational Pedagogy in Nepalese Legal Education: Post Pandemic Situation
Authors: Gautam Gyanu
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the educational pedagogy of Nepali legal education from its earliest days to the current post-covid context using empirical research at Tribhuvan University, Purbanchal University, and Mid-Western University. In the light of many philosophical foundations, including cognitive, constructivist, social constructivist, behaviorist, and liberalist approach, the author has studied the pedagogies in lieu with the curriculum, syllabus, course coverage, examination modality, lesson Plan, teaching- learning ecosystem, and application of clinical and practical style of teaching in aforementioned universities.
In order to modernize and standardize legal education and develop competent, moral, and accountable legal professionals, Nepal Bar Council has released Legal Education Regulation 2077, which the author has complemented with a critical dissection of its prescriptions on pedagogical aspects. The Covid-19 pandemic-led changes, that floated around the world, have been analyzed in relation to the altered circumstances of contemporary legal education, particularly a paradigm shift that occurred in the law universities by switching its teaching method into online mediums. It is evident that in contrast to Behaviorism, (Social) Constructivism, and Liberalism, which had a trend of imparting legal knowledge practically and clinically, legal education during the Covid era was predominately text-based, carrying the legacy of cognitive approach to teaching. Therefore, it is crucial to make every effort to address the issues that are still present in the post-covid era by carefully revisiting the teaching methodologies of law.
Determination of Changes in Physical and Technological Properties of Some Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties Grown in Konya under Long Storage Conditions
Authors: Çöl Keskin Nursel
Published: July 2024

In this study conducted in 2022 year under the ecological conditions of Konya, five registered potato varieties (Innovator, Russet Burbank, Metro, Brooke, Lady Olympia) were cultivated, and certain physical and technological characteristics were examined before and after a six-month long storage period at conditions of 4-6 °C and 90-98% humidity. These characteristics, including dry matter content, chips yield, French fries yield, and the color values of chips after frying (L*, a*, b*) were assessed both before and after storage, and weight losses at the end of storage were also recorded. At the end of the storage period, there were variations in the physical and technological characteristics of the tubers. According to the overall average of the potato varieties, by the end of storage compared to pre-storage, the dry matter content of potato tubers increased by 2.72%, chip yield by 0.48%, French fries yield by 5.09%, and the a* value by 55.37%. On the other hand, the L* value decreased by 8.39%, the b* value by 28.17%, and the weight loss during storage showed a decrease of 4.61%. In terms of industrial type, based on dry matter content, Brooke and Innovator varieties had the highest values. Excluding the Melody variety, all other varieties showed high yields in chips and French fries production. The variety with the least weight loss detected was the Innovator.
The Impact of Leadership Styles and Motivation on Entrepreneurial Inclinations Among Higher Education Students: Implications for Policy Development in Malaysia
Authors: Abiddin Norhasni Zainal , Ro’is Ihsan , Abidin Zahimi Zainol
Published: July 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of leadership style and motivation on the entrepreneurial propensity of students in a public higher education institution. The research seeks to comprehend the relationship between these elements and their impact on students' inclination towards entrepreneurship.
 
Theoretical Framework: Based on recent research, the theoretical framework highlights the importance of transformational and transactional leadership styles, as well as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, in influencing students' entrepreneurial tendencies. Additionally, it integrates discoveries from prior research on the correlation among motivation, leadership style, and entrepreneurial inclinations.
 
Method: The study used a quantitative survey approach to gather data from undergraduate students at a public higher education institution, using a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The data is examined using SPSS software, specifically using inferential analysis, notably Multiple Regression analysis, to explore the influence of leadership style and motivation on students' predisposition towards entrepreneurship.
 
Results and Discussion: The findings demonstrate a notable and favourable correlation between leadership style, motivation, and students' tendency towards entrepreneurship. The study reveals that motivation is the primary element that accounts for 63 percent of the variation in entrepreneurial inclinations among students. On the other hand, while leadership style also has an influence, its effect is less significant in contrast. These results emphasise the need to incorporate motivating tactics and efficient leadership techniques into educational programmes to cultivate entrepreneurial inclinations among students.
 
Research Implications: The research offers valuable insights for educational institutions and policymakers who seek to foster an entrepreneurial mindset in students. It highlights the importance of creating educational programmes and activities that not only teach entrepreneurial knowledge but also actively increase student enthusiasm and expose them to transformational and transactional leadership styles. These endeavours have the potential to provide a nurturing atmosphere that fosters innovation and creativity.
 
Originality/Value: This study enhances the current knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between leadership style, motivation, and students' inclination towards entrepreneurship in higher education institution. It offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of different leadership styles and motivational factors in promoting entrepreneurial behaviours among students.
A Study of Diplomatic Discourse Strategies from the Perspective of the Attitude System
Authors: Zhou Yuechen , Zuo Jingyan , Jiang Huimin
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
This study utilizes the “Spokesperson’ s Remarks” section on the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’ s Republic of China, focusing on over 100,000 words from the regular press conferences held by the Ministry in 2023. Drawing upon Martin and White’ s (2005) appraisal theory as the analytical framework, this research conducts frequency statistics and functional discourse analysis on the categories of attitudinal resources in the selected corpus. Employing a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, the study aims to identify and investigate the discourse meanings conveyed through attitude resources in the news discourse of “regular press conferences,” revealing the linguistic characteristics of China’ s diplomatic discourse. Furthermore, it seeks to summarize the significance and impact of diplomatic discourse on the construction of national image. The results indicate that the corpus is most rich in judgmental attitude resources, primarily realized through vocabulary, syntax, and rhetorical expressions. This suggests that spokespersons mainly express attitudinal tendencies through factual statements and enhance national discourse power with precise language control, reflecting the objectivity of the discourse and contributing to the audience’ s trust in the information.
Advances in Single-Cell Techniques for Linking Phenotypes to Genotypes
Authors: Chen Hsiao-Chun , Ma Yushu , Cheng Jinxiong , Chen Yu-Chih
Published: July 2024

Single-cell analysis has become an essential tool in modern biological research, providing unprecedented insights into cellular behavior and heterogeneity. By examining individual cells, this approach surpasses conventional population-based methods, revealing critical variations in cellular states, responses to environmental cues, and molecular signatures. In the context of cancer, with its diverse cell populations, single-cell analysis is critical for investigating tumor evolution, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Understanding the phenotype-genotype relationship at the single-cell level is crucial for deciphering the molecular mechanisms driving tumor development and progression. This review highlights innovative strategies for selective cell isolation based on desired phenotypes, including robotic aspiration, laser detachment, microraft arrays, optical traps, and droplet-based microfluidic systems. These advanced tools facilitate high-throughput single-cell phenotypic analysis and sorting, enabling the identification and characterization of specific cell subsets, thereby advancing therapeutic innovations in cancer and other diseases.
Apriori-Based Prefetching Files for Caching
Authors: Prajwal Said  , Ketaki Naik  , Nupur Agrawal  , Srushti Bhoite  , Sayali Shelar
Published: July 2024

The project proposes an innovative solution aimed at optimizing file system performance through predictive caching techniques integrated with a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The GUI facilitates user interaction by offering functionalities such as browsing files and displaying performance metrics via graphical representations of bandwidth and Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS). The functionality revolves around dynamically determining file placement on Solid State Drives (SSDs) or Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). The system employs predictive caching to identify frequently accessed files, ensuring faster retrieval by storing them on SSDs. Conversely, less frequently accessed files are allocated to HDDs. The project utilizes the Flexible I/O (fio) tool to measure the performance of files accessed on both SSDs and HDDs. Furthermore, to obtain insights and relationships between different files within the dataset, the project incorporates the Apriori algorithm. By analyzing structured relationships, the algorithm provides valuable intelligence for optimizing file placement decisions, enhancing overall system efficiency and adjust caching strategies to adapt to changing access patterns. By dynamically adapting file placement strategies based on access patterns and leveraging advanced algorithms for intelligent decision-making, the system endeavors to enhance user experience and system efficiency in managing file operations.
SUM RULES FOR JACOBI MATRICES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO SPECTRAL THEORY
Authors: Abdelrahman Bashir
Published: July 2024

The study discusses the proof of and symmetric application of Cases sum rules for Jacobi matrices. Of special interest is a linear combination of these sum rules which have strictly positive terms. The complete classification of the spectral measure of all Jacobi matrices J for which  J-J0 is Hilbert space -Achmidt. The study shows the bound of a Jacobi matrix. The description for the point and absolutely continuous spectrum, while for the singular continuous spectrum additional assumptions are needed.  The study shows and prove a bound of a Jacobi matrix. And we give complete description for the point and absolutely continuous spectrum, while for the singular continuous spectrum additional assumptions are needed, we prove a characterization of a characteristic function of a row contraction operator and verify its defect operator. We also prove a commutability of an operator of this row contraction.
Design and Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies, with a Focus on Addressing Sources of Bias, Confounding, and Heterogeneity in Kenya
Authors: Otieno Jackson
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate design and analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies, with a focus on addressing sources of bias, confounding, and heterogeneity
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: In Kenya, it is vital to address bias, confounding, and heterogeneity in randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Robust methodologies, including randomization and propensity score matching, are utilized to enhance validity. Consideration of local contextual factors, such as cultural norms and healthcare infrastructure, is crucial. Collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and communities is key to ensuring the quality and relevance of research for improving health outcomes in Kenya.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Randomization theory, causal inference theory & heterogeneity theory may be used to anchor future studies on design and analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies, with a focus on addressing sources of bias, confounding, and heterogeneity. Rigorous research methods improve the quality of evidence available to practitioners, helping them make informed decisions. High-quality research informs evidence-based policymaking.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Investment Decisions in Insurance Companies in Ethiopia
Authors: Solomon Yodit
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the analysis of factors influencing investment decisions in insurance companies in Ethiopia.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The analysis of factors influencing investment decisions in Ethiopian insurance companies highlights key determinants. Regulatory policies shape asset allocation and risk management strategies, while economic stability dictates investment yields and diversification. Company-specific factors such as financial strength and liquidity guide decisions to balance returns and solvency. Managerial expertise is crucial for effective decision-making, adapting to global economic trends and geopolitical shifts to manage risks and leverage opportunities in Ethiopia's insurance market.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Modern portfolio theory (MPT), agency theory & behavioral finance theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the analysis of factors influencing investment decisions in insurance companies in Ethiopia. Develop and implement adaptive risk management strategies that account for regulatory changes and economic uncertainties. Advocate for regulatory frameworks that balance compliance requirements with flexibility for insurers to innovate in their investment strategies. Policy recommendations include periodic reviews of regulatory standards to accommodate evolving market conditions and technological advancements.
Forecasting Pension Fund Liabilities Using Economic and Demographic Factors in Zambia
Authors: Mwanza Lillian
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the forecasting pension fund liabilities using economic and demographic factors in Zambia.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Forecasting pension fund liabilities in Zambia highlight the critical influence of economic and demographic factors. Key indicators such as GDP growth, inflation, interest rates, population aging, and life expectancy significantly impact projections of future pension obligations. Accurate modeling integrating these variables is essential for informed decision-making by administrators and policymakers to ensure financial sustainability for retirees in Zambia.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Life cycle hypothesis (LCH), dependency ratio theory & asset liability management (ALM) may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the effect of organizational culture on knowledge sharing and retention among public sector employees in South Africa. Pension funds should adopt advanced asset liability management (ALM) strategies that align investment portfolios with long-term liabilities. Policymakers should establish regulatory frameworks that allow for flexibility in pension fund management, particularly in response to economic crises and demographic changes.
A Case Study on Determining the Sequence of Prime Numbers in Fulfillment of Millennium Prize Problems from Clay Mathematics Institute
Authors: Maguru Patrick
Published: July 2024

Purpose: I have been serving as a civil servant in the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, department of Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI). Over the years, I developed a flare for research as a result of liaising at work for many years with various research programs that have been complementarily successful. After leaving KEFRI, I became instigated to come up with an idea that could bring a solution to one of the unsolved millennium prize problems hence, the research on the sequence of prime numbers. The seven millennium problems were selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute in the year 2000 to record as the most difficult problems, sequence of prime numbers being among them. This study is meant to bridge the gap that has been there for a long time which would be a pertinent thing to alleviate distress that has prevailed for quite some time to mathematicians.
Methodology: Using a structured interview, about two hundred people from diverse back ground were selected with a view to gauging them on their understanding towards prime numbers and their sequence. Those who were targeted in the survey were a group of elites both retired and in-service officers like teachers, accountants as well as students both for high school as well as those in higher learning institutions. The survey was conducted in a span of six months, from September 2023 to February 2024. Even though most of the people were not willing to disclose their names since the issue of prime numbers seems to be a bit difficulty and confusing to them, this did not hinder me from conducting on the survey I substituted their names with numbers, numbering them from number 1 to 200 respectively.
Findings: Majority of the people have an impression that since the sequence of prime numbers does not have a wholesome related movement like even and odd numbers, this made them think that prime numbers have no sequence. Such assumptions need not be embraced at all since, the sequence of prime numbers is determined by the intervals that are between numbers no matter how big or small the gaps are.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy:  Since mathematicians proclaim that prime numbers in certain sense are the building blocks of the natural numbers and help in solving problems, this study would act as a reinforcement to back up what mathematical researchers could be having at hand. This study is meant to bridge the gap that was noted by the Clay Mathematic Institute. Any idea that may come across needs to be embraced and if possible, documented or incorporated in school syllabus and review done from time to time once a new idea crops up.
More to Work than Money: Harnessing Bork-Life Balance in Traditional Occupations through Psychosocial and Cultural Functions of Work
Authors: Mbebeb Fomba Emmanuel
Published: July 2024

Implication to Theory, Practice and Policy: Nevertheless, the paper does not argue against pay as a whole, but emphasizes that meaningfulness in nonpaid work is often undermined in economic-oriented discourses, theories and practices. While the present analysis recognizes the criticality of imported models in people management at work, it reiterates that work in pre-colonial Africa was life, and life was work and did not exclude management practices. While recognizing the perception of work as modern and economic driven, the paper advocates the intrinsic benefits of work in traditional occupations that are synonymous to lifestyle and their integration into mainstream people management practices. Critical lessons are drawn with implications to human resources policy, theory building with indigenous inputs and contingent practices in both modern and traditional sectors.
Blake and Music, 2023
Authors: Oliveira Camila , Whittaker Jason
Published: July 2024

As has been evident since the pandemic, settings of Blake’s poetry to music and songs inspired by his art more generally have been enjoying something of a golden age, with the number of individual tracks and albums increasing steadily each year. Following trends set during the pandemic, streaming services—​whether large companies such as Apple and Spotify, or smaller ones such as Bandcamp—​have lowered the barriers to entry for many composers and musicians. More than fifty percent of the works that we list for 2023 were self-released, and many others were published or released by independent labels. In addition, the range of countries represented continues to grow, with entries from Asia, South America, and eastern Europe alongside those from the UK, USA, and western Europe. Settings of Blake’s music have long appealed to composers in Russia and Brazil, for instance, but the relative ease with which artists can now present their music to a global audience makes it much easier to discover such compositions.
William Blake and His Circle: A Checklist of Scholarship in 2023
Authors: Ripley Wayne C. , Castanedo Fernando , Sato Hikari , Alhas Hüseyin , Serdechnaia Vera
Published: July 2024

Given that this introduction is being written in the shadow of Morris Eaves’s unexpected death, I thought it only fitting to begin with the passings section. Morris was a longtime co-editor of both Blake and the William Blake Archive. That these two venues are essential parts of the infrastructure of Blake scholarship is due in no small measure to Morris’s numerous abilities as a colleague, collaborator, and, of course, a scholar. He takes with him a profound knowledge of Blake, an unmatched ability to express this knowledge lucidly, and the affection and respect of all those who worked with him.