bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Model for the Study of Venous Thrombosis in Vivo
Authors: Day T. K. , Glark K. G. A. , Kakkar V. V.
Published: June 2019

The lack of a satisfactory in vivo experimental model has probably been responsible for the delay in the clinical application of recent advances in in vitro research on thrombosis. This paper describes a model in which thrombosis is initiated by an electrical stimulus. The thrombus produced has the histological and biochemical features of human deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

The minimum stimulus necessary to induce thrombosis was first determined by passing a fixed current for timed intervals along the femoral veins of 10 rabbits. Thrombi were seen 24 hours later if the total charge passed exceeded a threshold value of 25 millicoulombes. With this small current, no endothelial changes were visible immediately after the passage of the charge on light or scanning electron microscopy. At 24 hours a mural thrombus formed, which had fully cross-linked fibrin and histological features resembling human DVT.

In the second series of experiments, the sequence of changes occurring in thrombus production was investigated in 3 groups of 18 rabbits each. After passage of the critical charge along the femoral vein in each animal, veins were removed at fixed intervals, the contralateral vein acting as a control. The veins were examined by scanning electron-microscopy (Group I), transmission electron-microscopy (Group II) and light microscopy (Group III), The earliest changes were detectable at 5 minutes and consisted of the laying down of an organised structure of criss-crossing fibrin strands with small platelet clumps at fibrin intersections. Later the fibrin structure spread towards the lumen; platelet clumps fused and a coralline thrombus was formed by 24 hours. The significance of these changes will be discussed.
Fibrinogen, Platelet and Red Cell Kinetics in Mice Bearing an Experimental Tumor
Authors: Poggi A. , Polentarutti N. , Donati M. B. , Gaetano G. de , Garattini S.
Published: June 2019

In view of the possible role of platelets and coagulation mechanisms in the growth and dissemination of solid tumors, a number of haematological parameters have been followed during development of an experimental syngeneic tumor in mice (Lewis Lung Carcinoma, 3LL). This tumor, when transplanted intramuscularly in C57,B1/6 mice, grows locally and gives spontaneous metastases to the lungs. The transplanted animals survive for about 4 weeks. Metastases are visible since the third week. A slight but constant increase in plasma fibrinogen level and a marked thrombocytopenia were observed starting during the second week after tumor implantation. No other significant changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were found. Moreover, the animals developed a marked haemolytic anaemia, possibly microangiopathic in origin. 125I-fibrinogen survival was decreased of about 20% during the second week after tumor implantation and was not further reduced later on. Fibrinogen turnover was accelerated since the second week and was further increased thereafter, being more than doubled at the end of the third week. Labelled fibrinogen accumulated in the primary tumor and in the lungs; its rats of disappearance from the tumor was much slower than from lungs or blood. These data suggest the occurrence of a low-grade, localized fibrinogen consumption (intravascular coagulation ?). 51Cr-platelet survival was not modified throughout the observation period, whereas platelet turnover was markedly reduced since the end of the second week, suggesting a defective platelet production. 51Cr-red cell survival was drastically reduced to about 30% of controls starting from the second week, whereas labelled red cell turnover was almost doubled. The pathogenetic relevance of the observed modifications in the processes of grwoth and dissemination of 3 LL remains to be established.

(Supported by Grant NIH-PHRB-IRO1 CA 12764–01.
Hemophilia B in A Girl with Deletion of a Short Arm of One X-Chromosome
Authors: Spinelli A. , Sohmid W. , Straub P. W.
Published: June 2019

12 females with hemophilia B have been reported. One had a 45 XO-Turner syndrome, one an XX-XO mosaicism. We report the first case with deletion of a short arm of one X-chromosome.

The 1-yr. girl was referred because of spontaneous hematomas and bruising. Durning observation a lingual hemorrhage could be stopped only with factor IX, Clinical findings were normal, development corresponding to the age. Factor IX repeatedly was < 1%, PTT 81 sec (n. 40–55), the recalcification time 375 sec (n. 80–120). Other findings were normal, including factors VIII, XI, XII. Parents, 2 siblings and 8 family members of the mother were also normal.

Chromosomal analysis: deletion of one short arm of one X-chromosome. Deletion being known to suppress the activity of the entire affected chromosome, the functional result is that of the XO-Turner syndrome. The morphologically normal X-chromosome must have the hemophilia abnormality. The possibilities that the mother is a carrier or that a new mutation occurred, could not be excluded. The possibility that the father is hemophilic, would imply that the examined father is not the child’s father and has yet to be explored.
Coagulability of Blood and Fibrinolysis Related to Age and Lipids
Authors: Matsuda T.
Published: June 2019

Levels of factor VIII, factor VII-X, factor X, factor V, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, euglobulin lysis times, plasminogen, α2-macroglobulin, α1-antitrypsin and FDP were determined in 487 healthy normal subjects from age 20 to 94. In subjects over age 60, serum lipids were determined simultaneously.

In the subjects over age 60, levels of factor VIII, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, α2-maeroglobulin, α1-antitrypsin and FDP were higher, factor V activity was lower, and euglobulin lysis times were shorter than in subjects under age 50. In the older subjects, levels of factor VII-X, factor X fibrinogen, antithrombin III, plasminogen and FDP showed slight but progressive decline with age. In these subjects over age 60, serum cholesterol levels were significantly correlated with levels of factor VII-X, factor X, antithrombin III, plasminogen and FDP; antithrombin III concentration was significantly correlated with factor X activity but not with factor VII-X activity; euglobulin lysis times were correlated with obesity.
Platelet Kinetics in Healthy Asplenic Men
Authors: Kutti J. , Safai-Kutti S.
Published: June 2019

Using autologous platelets labelled in vitro with radioactive sodium Chromate duplicate platelet survival studies were carried out in six healthy asplenic men. At the first experiment plasma, and at the second a Ringer-citrate-dextrose (RCD) solution was employed as incubation medium.

The uptake of Chromate by the platelets was about 2.5 times higher at the RCD- as compared to the plasma experiments. An identical pattern for the immediate behaviour of infused labelled platelets was observed at the duplicate studies, and the recovery of platelet-bound radioactivity remained stable at the 90%-level during two post-infusional hours. At these experiments the means for platelet mean life span (MLS) were identical, 7.2±0.5 and 7.2±0.4 days, respectively. These values slightly, but not significantly, exceeded the mean platelet MLS for a control group consisting of ten young healthy males (6.9±0.4 days). The means for platelet production rate (P) at the duplicate studies made on the asplenic subjects were 19 ±2 × 1010 and 21 ±2 × 1010 platelets per day, respectively, and did not differ from the mean for P obtained in the control group (22 ±2 × 1010).
The critical role of N-vacancy on chemical composition fluctuations and degradation of InAlN layer
Authors: Mohamad Ranim , Chauvat Marie Pierre , Kret Slawomir , Gamarra Piero , Delage Sylvain , Hounkpati Viwanou , Lacam Cedric , Chen Jun , Ruterana Pierre
Published: June 2019

Due to its intrinsic properties and the possible lattice match to GaN, InAlN is expected to allow the fabrication of optimal high electron mobility transistors for high power and high frequency applications. However, the crystal quality of InAlN nearly lattice-matched to GaN degrades when the layer thickness is increased, and this is a strong limitation for the fabrication of devices in which thick barriers need to be used. In this work, we have carried out a detailed theoretical investigation of the behavior of indium atoms in the alloy. It is clearly shown that in the presence of nitrogen vacancies, which are common defects in these materials, indium nitride clusters will present excess formation energy up to diameters around 1.4 nm. In parallel, Z-contrast TEM observations close to the InAlN/GaN interface show that 2–5 nm size indium rich areas form and are systematically connected to the vertical degradation channels. This is at variance with published results, which concluded that the observed degradation was exclusively either due to the underlying threading dislocations or due to a characteristic three-dimensional growth mode.
The blind implosion-maker: Automated inertial confinement fusion experiment design
Authors: Hatfield P. W. , Rose S. J. , Scott R. H. H.
Published: June 2019

The design of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, alongside improving the development of energy density physics theory and experimental methods, is one of the key challenges in the quest for nuclear fusion as a viable energy source [O. A. Hurricane, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 717, 012005 (2016)]. Recent challenges in achieving a high-yield implosion at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have led to new interest in considering a much wider design parameter space than normally studied [J. L. Peterson et al., Phys. Plasmas 24, 032702 (2017)]. Here, we report an algorithmic approach that can produce reasonable ICF designs with minimal assumptions. In particular, we use the genetic algorithm metaheuristic, in which “populations” of implosions are simulated, the design of the capsule is described by a “genome,” natural selection removes poor designs, high quality designs are “mated” with each other based on their yield, and designs undergo “mutations” to introduce new ideas. We show that it takes ∼5 × 104 simulations for the algorithm to find an original NIF design. We also link this method to other parts of the design process and look toward a completely automated ICF experiment design process—changing ICF from an experiment design problem to an algorithm design problem.
Machine learning guided design of single-molecule magnets for magnetocaloric applications
Authors: Holleis Ludwig , Shivaram B. S. , Balachandran Prasanna V.
Published: June 2019

We present a data-driven approach to predict entropy changes (ΔS) in small magnetic fields in single-molecule magnets (SMMs) relevant to their application as magnetocaloric refrigerants. We construct a database of SMMs with a representation scheme incorporating aspects related to dimensionality, structure, local coordination environment, ideal total spin of magnetic ions, ligand type, and linking chemistry. We train machine learning models for predicting the entropy change as a function of structure and chemistry and use the models to arrive at ΔS for hypothetical molecules. We also identify key descriptors that affect the entropy change, thus providing insights into designing tailored SMMs with improved magnetocaloric properties.
Measuring volume kinetics of human monocytes in response to cryoprotectants using microfluidic technologies
Authors: Raju Rekha , Höhn Hannes , Karnutsch Christian , Khoshmanesh Khashayar , Bryant Gary
Published: June 2019

Cryopreservation is a common strategy for the preservation of biological cells and tissues. While conventional platforms such as cell culture well plate systems enable measuring cell responses to various cryoprotectants, the drawbacks associated with capturing and imaging of cells limit the utility of such systems. Microfluidic technologies facilitate the capturing, chemical stimulation, and imaging of cells using low sample volumes. Here, we utilized microfluidic technologies for the hydrodynamic capturing of single human monocytes and studying the cell volume kinetics in response to a cryoprotectant in real time. Our approach facilitates conducting multistep cellular assays, especially for studying individual cell osmotic response and determining cell membrane permeability to cryoprotectants.
Improvement of p-type GaAs0.51Sb0.49 metal-oxide-semiconductor interface properties by using ultrathin In0.53Ga0.47As interfacial layers
Authors: Gotow Takahiro , Mitsuhara Manabu , Hoshi Takuya , Sugiyama Hiroki , Takenaka Mitsuru , Takagi Shinichi
Published: June 2019

The effects of interfacial In0.53Ga0.47As layers on Al2O3/GaAs0.51Sb0.49 metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures on InP substrates have systematically been studied. It is found that the interfacial InGaAs layers can reduce Dit values of the Al2O3/GaAsSb MOS interfaces down to 3–4 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1, which is almost one order of the magnitude lower than in the MOS interfaces without any InGaAs interfacial layers. It is also found that the InGaAs thickness of 1.0–1.5 nm is sufficient to reduce Dit to this low value. In order to obtain these results, the influence of an additional parasitic conductance and capacitance related to the GaAsSb/InP heterointerface needs to be considered, because the C-V characteristics of Al2O3/GaAs0.51Sb0.49/InP MOS capacitors in the accumulation region exhibit strong frequency dispersion, regardless of the InGaAs interfacial layer. We present through simulation of the C-V characteristics using a 2-dimensional device simulator that the correction of this series resistance and capacitance by using an equivalent circuit model can effectively eliminate the influence of the potential barrier at the GaAsSb/InP heterointerface from the experimental C-V ones, allowing us to employ the conventional conductance method for extracting interface trap density (Dit).
Experimental study on cavity dynamics of projectile water entry with different physical parameters
Authors: Shi Yao , Wang Guanhua , Pan Guang
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we investigate the influences of nose shape, impact velocity (8–14 m/s), and impact angle (60°–90°) on cavity dynamics when a projectile enters water. The Froude number, which characters the kinetic energy against gravitational potential, ranges from 280 to 850. It is found that the cavity diameter changes for different nose shapes, and an elongated cavity is achieved as the impact speed increases. The cavity pinch-off phenomenon is characterized. Experimental data reveal that the nose shape, impact velocity, and impact angle change the pinch-off depth and pinch-off time slightly by changing the occurrence time of the surface seal. For blunt nose shapes, greater impact velocity speeds up the surface seal and then quickens the pinch-off, thus reducing both the pinch-off depth and pinch-off time. Generally, the pinch-off depth follows the Fr1/3 law in our experiments. Cavity ripples were observed after pinch-off, and the wavelength, amplitude, and rippling frequency were measured. The wavelength of a ripple remains constant throughout, and all ripples are fixed with the experimental frame. The rippling frequencies are approximately identical to the Minnaert frequency. The impact velocity significantly changes the rippling frequency by affecting the radius of the air cavity.
An automated 3D visible light stereolithography platform for hydrogel-based micron-sized structures
Authors: Li Didi , Miao Anqi , Jin Xiansheng , Shang Xifu , Liang Haiyi , Yang Runhuai
Published: June 2019

The tiny volume and multifunction of micron-sized biomaterial structure make them necessary for work in vivo environment, and hydrogel-based micron-sized structure is biocompatible and have easy controllable swollen ratio and great mechanical performance. Conventional manufacturing methods still have limitations in producing specific structure of micron-sized structure. Besides, the precision and volume of micro structure always compromise. Here, we present a low-cost automated 3D visible light stereolithography platform for hydrogel-based high-precision micron-sized structures. The core of the platform, light engine was refitted from an ordinary commercial projector which is safe and bio-compatible. With motorized precision stage and operating system programed by open source software, the platform could build high-precision structure at micron size automatically. Three-dimensional micro structures were printed to qualify the precision and stability of the platform. This platform provides micron-sized biomaterial structure 3D printing with high precision, wide printing area, high speed and low cost for biomedical engineering applications such as cell manipulation, drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Si-O-C amorphous coatings for high temperature protection of In0.4Co4Sb12 skutterudite for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Leszczyński Juliusz , Nieroda Paweł , Nieroda Jolanta , Zybała Rafał , Król Magdalena , Łącz Agnieszka , Kaszyca Kamil , Mikuła Andrzej , Schmidt Maksymilian , Sitarz Maciej , Koleżyński Andrzej
Published: June 2019

High temperature corrosion of thermoelectric materials is one of the most important issues linked with their application for power generation, especially in terrestrial conditions. The high chemical affinity of elements composing thermoelectric material to oxygen results in continuous degradation at high temperatures of most state-of-the-art materials. This issue is also well recognized in the case of antimonide skutterudites. The simplest way to protect against this process is the use of coatings. Complicated geometry of thermoelectric module favors coatings that can be deposited in a simple way on an assembled module. Such an opportunity, besides good thermal stability and appropriate thermal and electrical properties, is provided by amorphous silicon oxycarbide Si-O-C coatings. In this work, the results on Si-O-C coatings deposited on In0.4Co4Sb12 skutterudite are presented. The influence of heat treatment temperature and substrate roughness on the deposited layer is shown. Protective properties of the Si-O-C layer are presented by comparison of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of coated and uncoated samples, before and after isothermal oxidation in air at 430 °C for 24 h. In such conditions, the uncoated samples are distinctly oxidized (weight gain of 2.4%) with strongly affected electrical properties, while the coated samples show a slight weight gain of 0.1% and almost unchanged electrical properties.
Density jump as a function of magnetic field for collisionless shocks in pair plasmas: The perpendicular case
Authors: Bret A. , Narayan R.
Published: June 2019

In the absence of frequent binary collisions to isotropize the plasma, the fulfillment of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions by collisionless shocks is not trivial. In particular, the presence of an external magnetic field can allow for stable anisotropies, implying some departures from the isotropic MHD jumps. The functional dependence of such anisotropies in terms of the field is yet to be determined. By hypothesizing a kinetic history of the plasma through the shock front, we recently devised a theory of the downstream anisotropy, hence of the density jump, in terms of the field strength for a parallel shock [A. Bret and R. Narayan, J. Plasma Phys. 84, 905840604 (2018)]. Here, we extend the analysis to the case of a perpendicular shock. We still find that the field reduces the density jump, but the effect is less pronounced than in the parallel case.
Influence of morphology of colloidal nanoparticle gels on ion transport and rheology
Authors: Kadulkar Sanket , Banerjee Debapriya , Khabaz Fardin , Bonnecaze Roger T. , Truskett Thomas M. , Ganesan Venkat
Published: June 2019

We develop a simple model to probe the ion transport and mechanical properties of low volume fraction colloidal nanoparticle gels. Specifically, we study the influence of the morphology of gels on ion diffusion and the corresponding roles of affinity to and enhanced ion transport along nanoparticle surfaces. We employ kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to simulate ion transport in the colloidal gels, and we perform nonequilibrium molecular dynamics to study their viscoelastic behavior. Our results indicate that in the presence of enhanced diffusion pathways for ions along the particle surface, morphology has a significant influence on the diffusivity of ions. We demonstrate that some gel morphologies can exhibit simultaneously enhanced ion transport and mechanical properties, thus illustrating a strategy to decouple ion transport and mechanical strength in electrolytes.
Online retellings and the viral transformation of a Twitter breakup story
Authors: De Fina Anna , Gore Brittany Toscano
Published: June 2019

The retelling and sharing of stories is not a new phenomenon. Many narrative analysts have devoted research to these processes. But the culture of participation (Jenkins 2006) in the digital world has brought sharing to a completely new level by allowing users not only to broadcast their opinions and evaluations of a story but also to reappropriate it and recontextualize it in infinite recursions. We focus on such process of transformation of a narrative in different media and social media outlets through the analysis of the viral spread of a story posted by an individual Twitter user in 2015. Specifically, we illustrate how participation frameworks change from one retelling to another and how the original story becomes "nested" into a new meta-story centered on the twitter user as a character and on the viral spread of the story.
Interference control in bilingual auditory sentence processing in noise
Authors: Kim Jungna , Marton Klara , Obler Loraine K.
Published: June 2019

Listening to speech in the presence of interfering auditory stimuli is a well-studied phenomenon in second language (L2) listeners. L2 auditory processing has been associated with various individual factors, such as listeners’ L2 linguistic and contextual knowledge and L2 proficiency (Cutler, 2005). How efficiently and skillfully participants manage auditory interference may also be closely related to their ability to stay attentive to the target and suppress the irrelevant auditory stimuli. This review discusses the factors that modulate L2 auditory processing in noise and describes the underlying mechanisms of auditory interference control in bilingual individuals. Furthermore, we review the potential interaction between L2 proficiency and interference control in bilinguals.
Agreement in language contact
Authors: Dolberg Florian
Published: June 2019

Gender in English changed dramatically from the elaborate system found in Old English to the very simple he/she/it-alternation in use from (late) Middle English onwards. While either system is well described and understood, the change from one to the other is anything but: more than 120 years of research into the matter provided no prevailing opinion – let alone a consensus – regarding how it proceeded or why it occurred. The present study is the first to address this issue in the context of language contact with Old Norse, assessing this contact influence in relation to both language-formal and semantico-cognitive factors. This empirical, functional account uses rigorous, innovative methodology, interdisciplinary evidence, and well-established models of synchronic variation in diachronic application to draw a fine-grained picture of the variation, change, and loss of gender from Old to Middle English and its underlying mainsprings. The resulting plausible and parsimonious explanations will prove relevant to students and scholars of historical linguistics, morpho-syntax, language variation and change, or language contact, to name but a few.
Dairy buffalo behaviour and welfare from calving to milking.
Authors: Mota-Rojas D. , Rosa G. de , Mora-Medina P. , Braghieri A. , Guerrero-Legarreta I. , Napolitano F.
Published: June 2019

This review integrates recent scientific findings on the behaviour and welfare of buffalo dams during calving and the subsequent milking phase. These issues are discussed in relation to the level of welfare that buffalo dams and calves experience under different production systems. Key aspects are addressed including welfare issues related to dystocic parturitions and uterine prolapses, the formation of a selective dam-calf bonding, the habituation of inexperienced animals to the milking routine and the appropriate relationship to be developed with stock-people. All these aspects are also discussed in relation to farm profitability, in terms of calf vitality and milk production, and safety of the personnel involved in farm operations.
Influence of tip adhesion on nanoindentation and scratching
Authors: Alhafez Iyad Alabd , Urbassek Herbert M
Published: June 2019

Using molecular dynamics simulation, we study the influence of tip adhesion on nanoindentation and scratching. By using a model pair potential between tip atoms and substrate atoms, we can arbitrarily change the adhesion strength. For the prototypical case of a diamond tip and a bcc Fe substrate, we find that with increasing adhesion strength, the indentation hardness and also the normal hardness during scratching decreases. Even more pronounced is a strong increase of the transverse force and hence of the friction coefficient during scratching. The indent pit becomes atomically rough, and the pileup produced during scratch increases with increasing adhesion strength. On the other hand, the length of the dislocations produced and the spatial extent of the plastic zone shrinks.
Measurement of the gas temperature of neutrals in reactive plasmas by moderate-resolution OES
Authors: Miakonkikh A.V. , Rudenko K.V.
Published: June 2019

Measurements of gas temperature (Tg) in the low-temperature high-density plasma of SF6 containing gas mixes were performed by OES technique. The translational temperature of plasma in the ICP discharge was measured by the method of small addition of nitrogen to the fluorine containing plasmas. Moderate resolution compact spectrometer was applied to get partially resolved rotational spectra of 2+ system of the molecular nitrogen. It is shown that Tg can reach up to 1300 K, weakly depends on investigated pressure range and linearly depends on RF power in the discharge. The absolute value of the temperature differs significantly for different tested plasmas of N2, and SF6/N2. Various aspects of the effect of Tg parameter in plasma on the processes of plasma etching of semiconductor microstructures are discussed.
Emissions and emergence: a new index comparing relative contributions to climate change with relative climatic consequences
Authors: Frame David J , Harrington Luke J , Fuglestvedt Jan S , Millar Richard J , Joshi Manoj M , Caney Simon
Published: June 2019

We develop a new index which maps relative climate change contributions to relative emergent impacts of climate change. The index compares cumulative emissions data with patterns of signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) in regional temperature (Frame et al 2017 Nat. Clim. Change
7 407–11). The latter act as a proxy for a range of local climate impacts, so emergent patterns of this ratio provide an informative way of summarising the regional disparities of climate change impacts. Here we combine these with measures of regional/national contributions to climate change to develop an ‘emissions-emergence index’ (EEI) linking regions’/countries’ contributions to climate change with the emergent regional impacts of climate change. The EEI is a simple but robust indicator which captures relative contributions to and regional impacts from climate change. We demonstrate the applicability of the EEI both for discussions of historical contributions and impacts, and for considering future relative contributions and impacts, and examine its utility in the context of existing related metrics. Finally, we show how future emissions pathways can either imply a growth or reduction of regional climate change inequalities depending on the type and compositions of socioeconomic development strategies.
Factors influencing the soybean import volume in North Sumatera Province
Authors: Supriana T , Harahap M A , Nasution S K H
Published: June 2019

Imports become an alternative policy to meet the domestic soybean demand. North Sumatra Province has a high dependence on soybean imports because the amount of soybean imported is greater than the amount of domestic production. The purpose of this study was to analyse the influencing factors of the soybean import volume in North Sumatera Province. The Engle-Granger Cointegration Test and the Error Correction Model (ECM) methods used to identify the factors influencing the soybean import volume in the long-term and the short-term. The results concluded that the soybean import was significantly influenced by the domestic soybean production, the exchange rate, and the soybean price ratio. In the long-term, the soybean price ratio significantly influences the soybean import volume. While in the short-term, exchange rate and soybean price ratio significantly influence the soybean import volume.
The impacts of harvest on price index of producer (Case study: Hamparan Perak Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia)
Authors: Salmiah  , Herawati  , Khaliqi M
Published: June 2019

Producers price index is a means of measuring the welfare of farmers, so calculating producers price index can know the level of welfare of farmers. This is related to the purchasing power in the fulfilment of household consumption needs. One of the classic problems that rice farmers often encounter is the drop in the selling price of grain/rice during harvest time, and rising prices when outside the harvest. The research objective is to analyse the impacts of harvest on producers’ price index. Producers price index at harvest time is lower than non-harvest, so that farmer’s welfare during harvest time is decreasing seen from decreasing of farmers’ producers’ price index of the rice farmer. Low producers price index due to high harvest resulted in decreasing consumption of home staple foods.
The influence of price of pesticide to its application
Authors: Ayu S F , Aulia D
Published: June 2019

Plant vegetables in Gajah and Bulan Baru Villages usually used excessive pesticides, that cause a negative impact on consumers and farmers who apply it. Some influential factors include in the used of pesticide are prices of pesticides, output prices, the size of land and farming experience. This study wants to analyze the influence of these variables on pesticide application. Sample in the study area was carried out by the census, 20 mustard farmers, 35 tomato farmers, and 35 cabbage flower farmers. To solve the study problem, the linear regression function method is used. Pesticide prices have a negative and significant effect on the use of pesticides in vegetable crops mustard, tomatoes and flower cabbage. Land area variables have a positive and significant effect only on mustard plants. Other variables were found to have no significant effect on pesticide use. It is recommended to the government to influence the price of pesticides so that it can reduce the use of it and at the same time introduce an integrated pest protection system and encourage the use of biological pest control.
Design of filler and compactor for oyster mushroom growing medium (baglog)
Authors: Rizaldi T , Raju  , Piliang M R
Published: June 2019

Oyster mushroom cultivation requires good quality growing medium (baglog). In addition to good baglog material, a suitable density level is needed for mushroom growth. Filling and compaction of baglog is often found use manual methods so it takes longer time. The objective of this study is to design a filler and compactor mechanical device for mushroom growing medium. The design obtained dimensions of length 150 cm, width 90 cm and height 153.06 cm. The device is operated by an electric motor of 1 Hp with rotation of 1450 rpm. The device capacity is 180 baglog/hour. The design test showed that the material for the main frame component consist of angle bar with size of 40 mm x 40 mm and thickness of 4 mm, was able to load the device with minimum safety factor of 3.58.
Model of Mechanization Implementation on the Handling of Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) Waste into Compost and Mulch in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Bulan R , Raju  , Safrizal  , Yasar M , Sitorus A
Published: June 2019

The application of mechanization for waste handling in oil palm plantations should be done due to abundant waste of oil palm fronds (OPF). This study aims to examine the feasibility of applying mechanization in the handling of oil palm fronds with a dynamic model approach in the province of Aceh, Indonesia. The mechanization implementation model is designed with the placement scenario of its centralized and decentralized processing equipment. The results show that the mechanization system approach can be implemented in handle oil palm fronds waste. The management of the equipment with the current centralization shows the best scenario model. The results are expected to be a reference for oil palm planters to be able to apply their waste treatment with a mechanized approach of centralization.
Content of fibre fraction complete feed silage based waste corn (Zea mays) in the fermentation process with local microorganism “Probiotic MOIYL”
Authors: Yanti E S , Henuk Y L , Ginting J , Yunilas  , Tafsin M , Hamdan
Published: June 2019

There has been great emphasis on the recovery, recycling and reconditioning of food waste, particularly from the fresh and processed food. The study aimed to examine the use of “MOIYL Probiotic” on the content of complete feed grade silage fraction based on maize waste. This research was conducted at Nutrition Research Lab for Nutritional Research on Goat Cut Sei Putih and Lab Nutrition Microbiology Faculty of Agriculture University of Sumatera Utara from December 2017 to February 2018. The design used was complete randomized design (RAL) 4x3 factorial pattern with 3 replicates. Factor I is various level of “Probiotics MOIYL” are, 0 %, 1%, 3%, and 5% “Probiotics MOIYL”. Factor II is the fermentation time of 7, 14 and 21 days. Parameters studied were NDF, ADF and hemicellulose levels. The result showed that the addiction of various levels of “Probiotics MOIYL” had no significant effect (P<0.05) to on NDF and hemicellulose levels. However, the duration of fermentation had a very significant (P<0.01) to on NDF, ADF and hemicellulose. There is an interaction between MOIYL level and fermentation time to on ADF. The best addiction levels of probiotic MOIYL can used dose until 3% with fermentation time of 14 days.
Reproductive and morphological performances of stallions in District of Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Ginting S L , Hamdan  , Henuk Y L , Mirwandhono R E , Wahyuni T H
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate reproductive and morphological performances of stallions in District of Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Body measurements and and semen were taken on 12 stallions from four villages in District of Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia. There were two villages in Merdeka Sub-district i.e. Jaranguda and Merdeka; and two villages in the Berastagi Sub-district, i.e., Gundaling and Berastagi. Data were entered in Microsoft excel, checked, organized and processed for further analyses. Means with standard errors (SE) for different traits were subjected to the standard analysis of variance technique. The results showed that semen quality of stallions performed in macroscopic and microscopic examination were in good quality with colour of semen was white grey, neutral pH, 74% dilute, 73.3% motility, 13.40 x 107 concentration with their semen abnormalities observed were normal. The morphology characteristics of stallions in District of Karo showed an appearance with a variation coefficient value below 10% which means the measurement value of horizontal horse morphology in good condition. The results support horse breeders to cross-breed periodically their stallions with local horses in District of Karo because their variation coefficient showed good quality semen with uniform value.
Spermatozoa separation method with different percoll composition on motility, abnormalities, and mortality of local goat sperm
Authors: Patriani P , Hasnudi  , Mirwandhono E , Ginting Nurzainah , Hasanah U
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to determine the effect of spermatozoa separation on local goats using different percoll compositions for abnormalities, mortality, and motility. Percoll is a tool for efficient in biochemistry. It is used for the isolation of cells, organelles, or viruses by density centrifugation. The material in this study was four local goats, aged 1.5 years. The treatment in this study consisted of: P1 = Percentage of Percoll: percentage of M-199 + aquabidestillata + Bicarbonate [10:90], P2 = [20:80], P3 = [30:70] and P4 = [40:60]. The experiment was carried out six times and the semen collection interval every two days. The design of this study uses a random block design to check motility, mortality, and abnormalities. The result of this study is the separation of goat spermatozoa using different percoll compositions affecting motility, mortality, abnormalities, but no effect on sperm abnormalities. Percoll can increase the dominance of Y sperm with a high proportion in P3 and P4 90.3 ± 5.8 and 87 ± 5.2 present, respectively. Additional percoll composition can reduce motility and increase mortality, but still good enough for Artificial Insemination [AI] implementation
Chemical Composition of Pennisetum purpureum and Panicum maximum on Silvopastoral System in Jambula, Ternate, Indonesia
Authors: Suwignyo B , Guntur A , Umami N , Utomo R , Suryanto P , Pawening G
Published: June 2019

The experiment was conducted to investigate the adaptive grasses Pennisetum purpureum and Panicum maximum growing under shading coconut (Cocosnucifera L.), nutmeg (Myristicafragrans) and clove (Eugenia aromaticum) plantation canopy. Two spesies of tropical grasses Pennisetum purpureum and Panicum maximum were cultivated for 40 days at Jambula, Ternate, Maluku Utara, Indonesia. The parameters of research were nutrient quality and in vitro digestible of each grass. Data were analyzed using factorial adn for the significant differences were futher testes by Least Significant Different (LSD).Shade from control, coconut, nutmeg and clove plantation canopy each of which is 0, 38, 78, and 83%. The result showed that Panicum maximum chemical composition and in vitro digestible was better than Pennisetum purpureum. It can be recommended that Panicum maximum is persistent spesies, and has a good productivity for a long periode of time under shading in plantation.
Community’s characteristics and participation in the urban parks’ preservation in Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Rahbiah S , Nurliani  , Irmayani
Published: June 2019

Having a green environment, such as urban park as green open space (GOS), is one way to reduce global warming in urban areas. City development and population growth, however, have led to a decrease in GOS. The research aimed to (1) identify the characteristics and activities of the community utilizing the urban park, (2) examine the type and level of community’s participation in the urban park preservation and (3) analyse the relationship between the `community’s characteristics and participation level in the urban park. Employing the purposive sampling method, the researcher chose a city park with various facilities and the high rate of the visit. The respondents were visitors chosen through the accidental sampling method. The characteristics of the community that utilizes urban parks are very heterogeneous from factors: age, gender, education, social status, economic status, attitude/behaviour, and knowledge. Community activities in utilizing and preserving urban parks are very diverse (sports, leisure, and preservation activities such as maintaining the cleanliness of the park). Community participation in utilizing and preserving is included in the medium (quite participating) category. Significant factors with community participation in the preservation are factors of education, knowledge, and attitudes of the community.
The role of forest restoration in conserving mangrove plant at the eastern coast of North Sumatra
Authors: Onrizal O , Amelia R , Arif M , Agustini R , Amri K , Simamora G N , Saragih J M , Saragih R K , Sulistiyono N , Mansor M
Published: June 2019

Mangrove forests are wetland resources in coastal areas that important role in supporting of life. However, in recent decades, many mangrove forests have been degraded or lost, mainly due to the conversion of mangroves into ponds. Mangrove restoration activities on ex-pond lands have begun in recent years on the eastern coast of North Sumatra. This study aimed to measure the recovery of mangrove species through restoration activities on ex-pond lands and to know the composition of the restored mangrove forests at the eastern coast of North Sumatra. A total of 30 sample plots, each plot size of 10m by 10m, have been established at each age of mangrove stands (5-9 years) and secondary forests. All trees with the diameter (DBH) ≥ 2 cm in the sample plot were identified and measured the DBH. Overall, there were 14 mangrove species in all sample plots, equivalent to 42.42% of all true mangrove plants found in Indonesia. This result indicated that mangrove restoration has succeeded in restoring mangrove species diversity. Therefore, the mangrove restoration on ex-pond land needs to be promoted in an effort to restore various mangrove functions for community and coastal resources resilience.
The effectiveness of lactic acid bacteria level on syneresis and acidity of fermented milk added carrot (Daucus carrota L) porridge
Authors: Yurliasni  , Hanum Z , Jannah R
Published: June 2019

This experiment aimed to evaluate syneresis and acidity of fermented milk which is combined with varying levels of carrot porridge and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). There were 2 types of LAB used Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei. The experiment carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) of factorial patterns which is consisting of two factors. Factors were A: 2.5% and 5% level of starter LAB and B: three levels of carrot porridge (5, 10 and 15%). Variables measured were acidity (pH) and degree of syneresis. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between treatment means were examined by Duncan Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the pH very significantly (P <0.01) affected by LAB and carrot porridge level but syneresis significantly (P <0.05) effected only by level of carrot porridge. In conclusion that the best pH and syneresis resulting in 2.5 and 5% of starter at 5% carrot porridge level.
Physicochemical characterization of water-soluble polysaccharide of Pachyrhizus erosus L. with fermentation assisted extraction method
Authors: Rusmarilin H , Hilman A
Published: June 2019

Water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) is one of a complex chemical content contained in Pachyrhizus erosus L. (PeL). A recent study was examined the effect of FAEM with aqueous and Saccharomyces sp. In this study used a completely randomized design with two factors i.e. water extraction with extracting water addition on the amount of starch used (1:0.5; 1:1; 1:1.5; 1:2) and FAEM with distilled water, Saccharomyces sp and Rhizopus sp. Interestingly, dextrose equivalent of WSP-PeL (DE = 4) showed increased significant effect of FAEM with Rhizopus sp than both distilled water and Saccharomyces sp. Although degree of polymerization and total sugar just showed significant effect, WSP-PeL (DPav = 24) has a good solubility (SO = 83%) and viscosity (µ = 0.973 cP). These findings suggest that due to the viscous properties of WSP-PeL can inhibits the absorption of excessive macronutrient and decrease blood sugar levels, derived from fermentation WSP-PeL in the colon to produce Saturated-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA).
The gonad maturity level of Tor Fish (Tor spp.) in upstream Wampu Watershed Langkat Regency of North Sumatera
Authors: Desrita  , Ariyanti J , Muhtadi A , Tamba I S , Yusni E , Lesmana I , Dhuha O R , Santoso E
Published: June 2019

The aim of this research is to observe the maturity level of gonad, the size of fish first-time ripe gonad, sex ratio and gonad maturity index of Tor Fish (Tor spp.) in Upstream Wampu Watershed. Sampling was conducted for three months, from July to September 2017. The development of gonad maturity was observed morphologically. GMI was analysed based on a comparison between gonad weight and body weight of Tor Fish (Tor spp.). The caught fish consists of two species: Gemo Fish (Tor soro) and Jurung Fish (Tor tambroides). The gonad maturity level of Tor soro male was obtained from levels I, II, III, and IV and Tor soro females obtained from levels I, II and IV. The gonad maturity level of Tor tambroides male was GML I, II and II and Tor tambroides female obtained GML I and II. GMI Tor soro males ranged from 0.01% - 4.66%, while GMI Tor soro female 0.04% -5.68%. GMI Tor tambroides male 0.05% -1.25%, while GMI Tor tambroides females ranged from 0.02% -0.88%.
Developing detoxification and purification technologies of ponds with pesticide residue for organic tiger shrimp farming development
Authors: Fattah M H , Rahbiah S
Published: June 2019

The technological improvement of marginal land was conducted through examination on three treatments; land soaking and washing (A), land remediation (B) and land reclamation (C). The highest average closure rate of klekap (66.667±5.774 %) was gained from B, and the highest average closure rate of Chaetomorpha sp (88.667±8.083 %) was derived from A. The Apocyclopas discovery through the study can become preliminary information to reveal the existence of Phronima Suppa, the indicator of tiger shrimp farming success. The land remediation (B), followed with contaminants detoxification employing plankton, is more effective in eliminating pesticide residue, depressing bacteria population and creating quality water and pond bottom soil according to the organic tiger shrimp production standard.
Elasmobranch catch composition of North Sumatera Fishers
Authors: Fadhilah A , Susetya I E , Simeon B M
Published: June 2019

Indonesia is known to contribute nearly 20% of elasmobranch diversity in the world. Presently, elasmobranch biodiversity research had only conducted in particular waters. However, the distribution of Elasmobranch distributed throughout all Indonesia including in the waters of North Sumatra province. This study aims to examine the diversity of Elasmobranch in North Sumatera waters as Elasmobranch preliminary study. We used landing monitoring method in three landing sites from May to June 2018. We recorded species, total length, and fishing unit information. Sharks and rays commonly were caught by net in coastal waters. We found 8 species from 323sharks and Rays which caught and landed. Sharks were dominated by big eye six gill sharks and rays were dominated by pale-edge stingray. Based on length data, we found that sharks and rays which landed also dominated by immature individual. This condition should be concerned in order to it is conservation management related to gear selectivity, considering coastal area is an important habitat for Elasmobranch.