bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Hydrostatic Model for Solitary Waves Passing Through a Porous Structure
Authors: Magdalena Ikha ,   Industrial and Financial Mathematics Research Group,   Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung  Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia,   ,
Published: October 2016

The non-hydrostatic depth-integrated model we developed to study solitary waves passing undisturbed in shape through a porous structure, involves hydrodynamic pressure. The equations are nonlinear, diffusive, and weakly dispersive wave equation for describing solitary wave propagation in a porous medium. We solve the equation numerically using a staggered finite volume with a predictor-corrector method. To demonstrate our non-hydrostatic scheme’s performance, we implement our scheme for simulating solitary waves over a flat bottom in a free region to examine the balance between dispersion and nonlinearity. Our computed waves travel undisturbed in shape as expected. Furthermore, the numerical scheme is used to simulate the solitary waves pass through a porous structure. Results agree well with results of a central finite difference method in space and a fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration technique in time for the Boussinesq model. When we quantitatively compare the wave amplitude reduction from our numerical results to experimental data, we find satisfactory agreement for the wave transmission coefficient.
Wave Effects on the Storm Surge Simulation: A Case Study of Typhoon Khanun
Authors: Lai Fuchun ,   Ocean College, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China, Liu Luying , Liu Haijiang ,   College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China,   ,
Published: October 2016

To study wave effects on storm surge, a depth-averaged 2D numerical model based on the Delft3D-FLOW model was utilized to simulate near-shore hydrodynamic responses to Typhoon Khanun. The Delft3D-WAVE model is coupled dynamically with the FLOW model and the enhanced vertical mixing, mass flux and wave set-up were considered as wave-current interaction in the coupled model. After verifying storm surge wind and pressure formulae of storm surge and optimizing calibration parameters, three numerical tests with different control variables were conducted. Model tests show that wave effects must be considered in numerical simulation. Simulating the flow-wave coupled model showed that wave-induced surge height could be as large as 0.4 m in near-shore areas for Typhoon Khanun. Comparing to its contribution to the peak surge height, wave-induced surge plays a more significant role to total surge height with respect to the time-averaged surge height in storm events. Wave-induced surge (wave setup) is in advance of typhoon propagation and becomes significant even before the typhoon landfall. Model tests demonstrate that the wave effects are driven predominantly by the storm wave, while the boundary wave contribution is rather limited.
An Experimental Study of Beach Evolution with an Artificial Seepage
Authors: Jiang Changbo ,   School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114, P. R. China, Liu Yizhuang , Deng Bin , Yao Yu , Huang Qiong ,   ,,   Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, P. R. China,   Guangzhou Zhengjian Construction Engineering Design Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510220, P. R. China
Published: October 2016

Beach erosion caused by extreme wave events (storm surges) is reported to occur in many coastal areas. Artificially lowering the groundwater table effectively stabilizes sand beaches in an environmentally friendly way. Mechanisms affecting beach stabilization remain unclear, however, due to the complex interaction between waves and coastal seepage. This study discusses the effects of coastal seepage on beach profile evolution and bed materials sorting based on laboratory experiments in which seepage is induced artificially by a drain pipe at three cross-shore locations on a 1:10 beach. Morphodynamic beach responses with and without seepage under a typical cnoidal wave condition are reported. Results show that artificial seepage impacts only insignificantly on total upper-beach deposition volume but could increase accretion on the berm’s leeside by reducing seaside sand accumulation. It also induces a steeper berm slope and shoreline recession. A drain pipe near the shoreline generated the greatest accretion height on the upper beach. Seepage location had no significance effect on bed material sorting, however.
Experimental Study on the Fluid Mud Transportation Under Currents with Fluctuating Water Surface
Authors: Liu Chunrong ,   School of Civil Engineering and architecture, Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China, Yang Wenyu , Wu Bo , Aode Huhe ,   ,,   Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Published: October 2016

A series of experiments conducted to study fluid mud movement in currents with a fluctuating water surface involved measuring fluid mud yield stress, bed shear stress, and water surface fluctuation. To observe fluid mud movement, we dyed a sheet of fluid mud in the water flume cross-section red. We then calculated the fluid mud transportation velocity based on mud sheet displacement over time. Experiments showed that water surface fluctuation plays an important role in fluid mud movement. Under conditions of water surface fluctuation, we were able to observe fluid mud oscillation in the case that the interface of the water and fluid mud is clear. After several oscillation cycles, fluid mud is transported downstream by water currents.
Experimental Study on 3D Scour Around an Embedded Submarine Pipeline Under Oblique Waves
Authors: Li Dianqi ,   School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology  Changsha 410114, P. R. China, Cheng Yongzhou , Yao Yu , Li Xunxiao , Lu Xianhe ,   ,,   Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, P. R. China
Published: October 2016

Wave deformation on a sloping seabed and the incident angle of waves greatly influence local submarine pipeline scour. Most previous studies on such scour considered wave deformation but not incident wave angle. Using regular waves with an incident angle of 45°, we investigated 3D scour around an embedded submarine pipeline under oblique waves in experiments. After examining wave deformation near the pipeline at different embedment depths, we analyzed how seabed scour evolved around the pipeline. Results of experiments showed that under oblique wave action, pipeline embedment depth affected wave height on both seaside and leeside of the pipeline. A 3D scour hole occurred under the pileline when the ratio of embedment depth to pipe diameter (e/D) was less than 1/4. Different forms of sand ripples also occurred on both sides as e/D changed. The embedment depth also determined the rate at which scour developed. The scour hole evolved in two distinct stages: rapid and slack. The scouring rate on the right side of the pipeline was greater than that on the left during the rapid phase, leading to an imbalance in scouring depth between the two sides.
Screening of antinutrients in leaves, fruit pulp and seeds of Gishta (Annona spp.) of Ethiopia, North East Africa
Authors: Saripalli Harikrishna Ramaprasad , Dixit Prasanna Kumar
Published: October 2016

Graviola or Gishta (Annona spp. of Ethiopia) are generally useful for human consumption were analysed for the presence of potentially harmful chemicals (antinutrients) and for their toxicity. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the Graviola or Gishta (Annona spp. of Ethiopia) leaves, fruit pulp and seed extracts were safe for human consumption. Chemical analysis showed that none of  tested parts contained cyanogenic glycosides, however all the three tested plant materials contained oxalic acid in high concentrations and also  contained negligible amounts of phytic acid, saponins and alkaloids. Tested plant samples also found to inhibit trypsin activity. These chemical analyses were carried out in duplicate.
Physicochemical Properties of Three Different Tomato Cultivars of Telangana, India and Their Suitability in Food Processing
Authors: Srivalli Ronanki , Kumari B. Anila , Maheswari K. Uma , Prabhakar B. Neeraja , Suneetha W. Jessie
Published: October 2016

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits of three commercial tomato cultivars Pusa Ruby, Lakshmi and US440, were harvested at red riped stage and physicochemical parameters like colour, TSS, pH, weight of fruit and lycopene content were assessed. Among the three  Pusa Ruby cultivar was selected for further processing due to its desirable traits like high lycopene content (5.49 mg/100 g) high TSS (6.93° Brix), pH less than 4.5 and uniform red colour. Tomato powder was processed and physicochemical analysis showed that lycopene content of tomato powder was 4.19 mg/100 g, rehydration ratio was 1.09% and dehydration ratio was 22.49%.
Assessment of Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals Contents in Selected Dumpsites in Afikpo, Afikpo North, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Obasi S.E. , Obasi N.A. , Dike U.A. , Igbolekwu R.I.
Published: October 2016

The physiochemical parameters and heavy metals contents in refuse waste soils of selected dumpsites in Afikpo, Afikpo North, Ebonyi State, Nigeria were investigated using standard analytical methods. The results showed no significant (P > 0.05) differences in the temperature and moisture contents of the samples in all the sites. However, the pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, total organic matter, phosphate (PO43-), sulphate (SO42-), nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) varied significantly (P < 0.05) from one site to another and were always higher in the dumpsites compared to the control sites. The results also indicated that the mean values of Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, and Pb varied significantly (P < 0.05) from one site to another and were always higher in the dumpsites compared to the control sites. In all cases, Mgbo dumpsite had the highest mean contents for all the metals followed by Amuro dumpsite, while Amaizu dumpsite had the least mean values for Cu, Ni and Mn only, Amaechara dumpsite had the least values for Zn, Fe and Pb only. These results showed anthropogenic input of heavy metals in the dumpsites and their ecological risks implications in biodiversity were discussed.
Industrial Clustering Leadership in Brownsville, Texas and Matamoros, Mexico
Authors: Carrier Lewis , Diala Ify
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this case study was to understand the leadership forms and values that could affect organizational practices of an industrial cluster in the Brownsville/Matamoros region. A sample of 30 leaders from manufacturing companies in Brownsville, Texas, and Matamoras, Mexico participated in interviews and surveys. The analysis of the interview and survey data generated 12 major themes that emerged regarding the leadership forms, values, and cross-cultural challenges pertinent to the industrial cluster in the region. Participants viewed marked differences between American and Mexican leadership strategies, with emphasis on differences in procedural and power structures. Unifying goals and a commitment to learning about and understanding culture, family, and community may help foster respect and acceptance of cultural differences across the border. Cluster priorities for leadership include optimizing work conditions, education and training, resource utilization, and focusing on quality products and customer-oriented leadership. Planning, organization, and decentralized knowledge sharing, involving the combined knowledge, understanding, and experience of leaders, require communication, collaboration, and cross-functional teamwork. Education and training for current and future leaders and employees, with reasonable goals aligned with a unified vision for the cluster concept, encompasses measurable performance assessments based on goal achievement, supported by intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. The results from this study led to specific recommendations for leaders of the industrial sectors of Brownsville, Texas, and Matamoras, Mexico. The study concluded with limitations of the study and suggestions for future research based on the major thematic findings from this case study. 

 
Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Manggis pada Berbagai Interval Penyiraman dan Porositas Media
Authors: Mustaha M A , Purwanto R , Susila A D , Pitono Joko
Published: October 2016

Tanaman manggis memiliki karakteristik pertumbuhan yang lambat yang antara lain disebabkan oleh sistem perakaran yang buruk, terbatasnya akar lateral, serta mudah terganggu oleh aerasi yang kurang baik dan kekeringan atau kelebihan air. Oleh karena itu rekayasa media tumbuh melalui pendekatan porositas untuk mendapatkan keseimbangan antara aerasi dan ketersediaan air untuk memacu pertumbuhan sangat diperlukan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Plastik Pusat Kajian Buah Tropika, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Tajur dan Balai Penelitian Tanah Bogor mulai Januari 2009 sampai dengan Agustus 2010. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah porositas media, terdiri atas empat taraf yaitu: 51–55, 56–60, 61–65, dan 66–70% dan faktor kedua ialah interval penyiraman yang terdiri atas empat taraf yaitu: 2, 4, 6 dan 8 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi porositas media 61–65% dengan penyiraman 6 hari + polimer penyimpan air (PPA) memberikan respons tertinggi terhadap tinggi tanaman (19,27 cm) dan pertambahan jumlah daun (9 helai), panjang akar (37,19 cm), dan potensial air jaringan daun (-7,23 bar). Pertumbuhan tajuk dan akar (khususnya panjang akar) berhubungan dengan gradien potensial air jaringan, dimana kombinasi porositas media 61–65% dengan peniraman 6 hari + PPA memiliki gradien potensial jaingan tertinggi (5,86 bar). Gradien potensial yang tinggi mendorong laju serapan dan translokasi air, sehingga respons yang nyata nampak pada peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman. Media tumbuh dengan porositas 61–65 % dan penyiraman setiap 6 hari + PPA dapat diterapkan pada pembibitan manggis.
Sifat Inovasi dan Peluang Adopsi Teknologi Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Krisan dalam Pengembangan Agribisnis Krisan di Kabupaten Sleman, DI Yogyakarta
Authors: Ridwan Hilmi
Published: October 2016

Untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu bunga krisan di Indonesia, Pusat Peneltian dan Pengembangan Hortikulturatelah melaksanakan program penelitian dan pengkajian penerapan pengelolaan tanaman terpadu krisan di beberapa provinsi sentraproduksi krisan. Pengelolaan tanaman terpadu krisan meliputi (a) penggunaan varietas dan benih bermutu; (b) pembuatan rumahlindung dan sarananya; dan (c) proses budidaya. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui nilai sifat inovasi teknologi pengelolaantanaman terpadu krisan serta kemudahan penerapan dan peluang adopsinya oleh petani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KabupatenSleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, dari bulan April hingga Desember 2009, menggunakan metode survei. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa teknologi pengelolaan tanaman terpadu krisan di Kabupaten Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta memilikisifat inovasi yang berkategori nilai tinggi sampai dengan sangat tinggi, sehingga mudah diterapkan dan berpeluang tinggi sampaidengan sangat tinggi untuk diadopsi petani di lapangan.

ABSTRACT

To increase production and quality of chrysanthemum flowerin Indonesia, the Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development has conducted research and assessment programimplementation of integrated crop management in several provinces. Integrated crop management for chrysanthemum consistedof (a) the use of varieties and qualified-seedlings; (b) the use of shading house; and (c) agricultural process. The objective of thisresearch was to evaluate characteristics of integrated crop management of innovation technology that affect the adoption of theinnovation by the farmers. The research conducted in Sleman District, Special Province of Yogyakarta from April to December2009 using survey method. The results showed that integrated crop management technology of chrysanthemum have high until veryhigh value category of innovation technology, so it is easy to be implemented with high until very high opportunity the technologyto be adopted by farmers in the field.
Studi Pengaruh Substitusi Hara Makro dan Mikro Media MS dengan Pupuk Majemuk dalam Kultur In Vitro Krisan
Authors: Shintiavira Herni , Soedarjo Mochdar , Suryawati Suryawati , Winarto Budi
Published: October 2016

Studi substitusi hara makro dan mikro media Murashige & Skoog (MS) menggunakan pupuk majemuk untuk meningkatkan efisiensi kultur in vitro krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora) dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Kebun Percobaan Cipanas, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (Balithi) dari Bulan Januari hingga Desember 2010. Aplikasi pupuk majemuk sebagai substitusi hara makro-mikro MS diharapkan dapat menurunkan biaya produksi benih melalui kultur in vitro, khususnya dalam penyediaan media tanam. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh varietas dan kombinasi pupuk majemuk dalam meningkatkan efisiensi aplikasi kultur in vitro krisan. Varietas yang diuji ialah D. grandiflora cv. Dwina Kencana dan Pasopati, sementara pupuk majemuk yang digunakan ialah Hyponex Hijau (20:20:20), Hyponex Merah (25:5:20), dan Growmore (32:10:10) dengan komposisi uji (1) media ½ MS + 0,1 mg/l indole acetic acid (IAA) sebagai kontrol, (2) 1 g/l Hyponex Hijau + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (3) 2 g/l Hyponex Hijau + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (4) 3 g/l Hyponex Hijau + 0,1 mg/l IAA 0,1, (5) 1 g/l Hyponex Merah + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (6) 2 g/l Hyponex Merah + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (7) 3 g/l Hyponex Merah + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (8) 1 g/l Growmore + 0,1 mg/l IAA, (9) 2 g/l Growmore + 0,1 mg/l IAA, dan (10) 3 g/l Growmore + 0,1 mg/l IAA. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis varietas dan media kultur berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan kultur in vitro krisan. Varietas Dwina Kencana memiliki respons pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibanding varietas Pasopati. Konsentrasi 3 g/l Hyponex Hijau yang ditambah dengan 0,1 mg/l IAA merupakan medium pengganti medium ½ MS terbaik yang mampu mendukung pertumbuhan eksplan pada Dwina Kencana maupun Pasopati. Pada umur 8 minggu setelah kultur, perlakuan tersebut memberikan rerata terbaik jumlah daun, jumlah nodus, jumlah akar, panjang akar, dan berat basah planlet. Aplikasi medium tersebut mampu menekan biaya penyediaan medium kultur per liter hingga 34,7% dibanding biaya penyediaan medium ½ MS yang mencapai Rp6.561,00 per liter. Aplikasi hasil penelitian ini memberikan dampak positif terhadap efisiensi biaya produksi kultur  in vitro  krisan, khususnya terkait dengan penyediaan media kultur.
Pengaruh Mutagen Etil Metan Sulfonat terhadap Kapasitas Regenerasi Tunas Hibrida Phalaenopsis In Vitro
Authors: Qosim Warid Ali , Istifadah N , Djatnika Ika , - Yunitasari
Published: October 2016

Perakitan kultivar yang tahan terhadap penyakit busuk lunak yang disebabkan Erwinia carotovora dapat dilakukan dengan teknik induksi mutasi. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui pengaruh mutagen etil metan sulfonat (EMS) terhadap perubahan genetik di antaranya kapasitas regenerasi tanaman anggrek Phalaenopsis pada kultur in vitro dan mengetahui lethal concentration (LC) mutagen EMS pada anggrek hibrida Phalaenopsis. Percobaan ditata dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan sembilan perlakuan konsentrasi EMS dan diulang tiga kali. Mutagen kimia yang digunakan yaitu EMS dengan konsentrasi 0 ; 0,025 ; 0,050 ; 0,075 ; 0,1; 0,125 ; 0,15 ; 0,175;  dan 0,2%. Eksplan berupa meristem aksilar anggrek hibrida Phalaenopsis ditanam pada medium dasar MS+ 2 ml/l BA + 1 ml/l NAA dan diinkubasi pada ruang kultur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa etil metan sulfonat memberi pengaruh pada pertumbuhan meristem hibrida Phalaenopsis dalam membentuk tunas. EMS dengan konsentrasi 0,025 dan 0,05% memberi pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap jumlah tunas dan tinggi tunas. LC50 untuk karakter persentase pembentukan tunas ialah 0,112%. Terdapat dua konsentrasi EMS, yaitu 0,025 dan 0,05% yang memberi pengaruh terbaik pada pembentukan tunas hibrida Phalaenopsis. Diperoleh beberapa regeneran mutan potensial dari berbagai perlakukan < 0,15% EMS yang perlu diuji dengan isolat Erwinia carotovora.

 

To improve cultivars resistance to soft rot disease caused by Erwinia carotovora can be done by using mutation induction. The research objective was to determine the effect of EMS mutagent Phalaenopsis hybrid to change the genetic i.e. capacity of plant regeneration in vitro culture and the lethal concentration (LC) of EMS mutagent in Phalaenopsis hybrid. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with nine concentrations of EMS treatment and repeated three times. The mutagent of EMS concentrations used were 0, 0.025; 0.050; 0.075; 0.1; 0.125; 0.15; 0.175; and 0.2%. The meristem axilar as explant was be grown on basic medium MS suplemented with 2 ml/l BA + 1 ml/l NAA and incubated in culture room. The results showed that the influence on growth of EMS meristem Phalaenopsis hybrids. The EMS mutagent with concentration of 0.025 and 0.05% gave better effect to the high number of shoots and buds. LC50 of the percentage of bud formation character was 0.112%. Two EMS concentrations were 0.025 and 0.05% provided the best influence on the formation of shoot Phalaenopsis hybrid. There were many regenerants potential mutant from several EMS treatments < 0.15 % that should be  tested by isolate of E. carotovora.
Optimization of Variable Approach Lane Use at Isolated Signalized Intersections
Authors: Zhou Hongmei , Ding Jing , Qin Xiao
Published: October 2016

The variable approach lane (VAL) at an isolated signalized intersection is an effective way to handle the variation of arrival traffic at intersection approaches by reallocating the space resource according to the time-varying demand volumes. This study developed a model that simultaneously optimizes VAL use and signal timings, with the objective of minimizing the average intersection delay. The model constraints mainly include three parts: VAL use, signal timings, and degree of saturation. The application of the model was demonstrated through two numerical examples. The findings support the notion that the optimization algorithm can effectively reduce traffic delay. However, the benefits of VALs for intersection performance varied under different traffic conditions. One VAL installed on a single approach can effectively reduce cycle length and average delay when the left-turn traffic on that approach is greater than 600 passenger cars units per hour (pcu/h). VALs installed on two opposing approaches provided optimal solutions in 58 of 81 traffic combinations. The average delay decreased by more than 20%, with the exception that no VAL was needed when the left-turn traffic in both approaches was 200 pcu/h. Simulation of the scenarios in Vissim showed similar results of the model under different conditions, which verified the model’s validity. The results suggest that the availability of VALs provided the intersection with improved capacity to deal with large traffic fluctuations.
Palato-gingival groove: An innocuous culprit for endo-perio lesion
Authors: Sultana Rafeza , Alam Md. Shamsul
Published: October 2016

This case report represents the clinical management of tooth with palato-gingival groove in a right maxillary lateral incisor with endo-perio lesion leading to dento-alveolar abscess and sinus tract. The right maxillary lateral incisor was examined clinico-radiographically. On clinical examination, the offending tooth revealed localized swelling and an intraoral draining sinus pointing on the labial gingiva without any evidence of caries, discoloration and trauma. The palatal surface of lateral incisor showed a groove with mild calculus embedded in it. The radiographic examination revealed periapical radiolucency. This case provides an evidence of morphological defect of tooth. Complete clinical and radiological examination and adequate knowledge of such morphological/ developmental defects of teeth are necessary for recognition and identification especially because of their diagnostic complexity and further consequences.
Aesthetic implant: A new era of aesthetic dentistry
Authors: Howlader Md. Mujibur Rahman , Tamanna Tahmina , Sheikh Md. Abdul Hannan , Akter Rozina , Zannat Tohfa-A- , Siddiqullah . , Alam Md. Shamsul , Moral Md. Ali Asgor
Published: October 2016

The dental implant is used to replace the natural tooth system. It requires comprehensive preoperative planning and precise surgical execution. In this case report, a 45 year old male presented with missing upper left maxillary central incisor which was extracted 5 months back. He had discomfort during function and unwillingness to smile. He wanted to replace that edentulous area. The treatment options for replacing the missing tooth were discussed with the patient. Finally, with patient's consent the decision was made to replace that edentulous area with an implant supported porcelain fused to metal prosthesis in an esthetic manner. Recall visits exhibited patient's high-level confidence of smile with optimum satisfaction and successful aesthetic outcome.
In silico prediction of telomerase reverse transcriptase inhibitors using modified retinol for the treatment of arsenical cancer
Authors: Tshering Kipchu , Misbahuddin Mir
Published: October 2016

Retinol molecule was modified to predict the inhibitors of telomerase reverse transcriptase for the treatment of arsenical cancer through in silico study. Telomerase activity is expressed in the cancerous conditions which can be the target for anticancer activity by inhibiting telomerase reverse transcriptase enzyme. The inhibitors were predicted through molecular docking of modified retinol with telomerase reverse transcriptase. Taking into account of low binding energy and high binding affinity two new compounds, compound number 606 and compound number 609 were predicted as the inhibitors of telomerase reverse transcriptase for the treatment of arsenical cancer. The prediction of these two compounds was further supported by drug-likeness test through Administration, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity evaluation. The compounds were also compared with some of the known inhibitors of telomerase reverse transcriptase.
The first printed Latin editions of Dioscorides'sDe materia medica(1478, 1512): an inventory-based re-evaluation
Authors: Funk H.
Published: October 2016

Dioscorides's De materia medica from the first century AD was for about 1,800 years the most influential work and prime source in all matters concerning drugs and pharmacy. Originally written in Greek, the book was soon translated into Latin, thereby changing its structure from a systematic arrangement in five books according to the internal relationship of the drugs to a simply alphabetical order by the first letter of the name. Such an alphabetical order was also retained in the first printed version of the work in 1478. This edition was praised by recent researchers because of its supposed new material, by others, however, it was criticized severely with respect to its general set-up. The present paper discusses both opinions and substantiates some other neglected details regarding the 1478 edition. Besides the 1478 edition the amended new edition from 1512 is analysed too.
A Novel Noncontact Ultrasonic Levitating Bearing Excited by Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Li He , Quan Qiquan , Deng Zongquan , Hua Yuxiang , Wang Yinchao , Bai Deen
Published: October 2016

A novel ultrasonic levitating bearing excited by three piezoelectric transducers is presented in this work. The transducers are circumferentially equispaced in a housing, with their center lines going through the rotation center of a spindle. This noncontact bearing has the ability to self-align and carry radical and axial loads simultaneously. A finite element model of the bearing is built in ANSYS, and modal analysis and harmonious response analysis are conducted to investigate its characteristics and driving parameters. Based on nonlinear acoustic theory and a thermodynamic theory of ideal gas, the radical and lateral load-carrying models are built to predict the bearing’s carrying capacity. In order to validate the bearing’s levitation force, a test system is established and levitating experiments are conducted. The experimental data match well with the theoretical results. The experiments reveal that the maximum radical and axial levitating loads of the proposed bearing are about 15 N and 6 N, respectively, when the piezoelectric transducers operate at a working frequency of 16.11 kHz and a voltage of 150 Vp-p.
Research in Nickel/Metal Hydride Batteries 2016
Authors: Young Kwo-Hsiung
Published: October 2016

Nineteen papers focusing on recent research investigations in the field of nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries have been selected for this Special Issue of Batteries. These papers summarize the joint efforts in Ni/MH battery research from BASF, Wayne State University, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Michigan State University, and FDK during 2015–2016 through reviews of basic operational concepts, previous academic publications, issued US Patent and filed Japan Patent Applications, descriptions of current research results in advanced components and cell constructions, and projections of future works.
Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies Using a Fiber Based Cation-Exchange Stationary Phase: Parameter Determination and Modeling
Authors: Schwellenbach Jan , Zobel Steffen , Taft Florian , Villain Louis , Strube Jochen
Published: October 2016

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) currently dominate the market for protein therapeutics. Because chromatography unit operations are critical for the purification of therapeutic proteins, the process integration of novel chromatographic stationary phases, driven by the demand for more economic process schemes, is a field of ongoing research. Within this study it was demonstrated that the description and prediction of mAb purification on a novel fiber based cation-exchange stationary phase can be achieved using a physico-chemical model. All relevant mass-transport phenomena during a bind and elute chromatographic cycle, namely convection, axial dispersion, boundary layer mass-transfer, and the salt dependent binding behavior in the fiber bed were described. This work highlights the combination of model adaption, simulation, and experimental parameter determination through separate measurements, correlations, or geometric considerations, independent from the chromatographic cycle. The salt dependent binding behavior of a purified mAb was determined by the measurement of adsorption isotherms using batch adsorption experiments. Utilizing a combination of size exclusion and protein A chromatography as analytic techniques, this approach can be extended to a cell culture broth, describing the salt dependent binding behavior of multiple components. Model testing and validation was performed with experimental bind and elute cycles using purified mAb as well as a clarified cell culture broth. A comparison between model calculations and experimental data showed a good agreement. The influence of the model parameters is discussed in detail.
Single Crystal Growth of URu2Si2 by the Modified Bridgman Technique
Authors: Gallagher Andrew , Nelson William , Chen Kuan , Besara Tiglet , Siegrist Theo , Baumbach Ryan
Published: October 2016

We describe a modified Bridgman growth technique to produce single crystals of the strongly correlated electron material URu2Si2 and its nonmagnetic analogue ThRu2Si2. Bulk thermodynamic and electrical transport measurements show that the properties of crystals produced in this way are comparable to those previously synthesized using the Czochralski or conventional molten metal flux growth techniques. For the specimens reported here, we find residual resistivity ratios R R R = ρ 300 K / ρ 0 as large as 116 and 187 for URu2Si2 and ThRu2Si2, respectively.
Entropy Cross-Efficiency Model for Decision Making Units with Interval Data
Authors: Wang Lupei , Li Lei , Hong Ningxi
Published: October 2016

The cross-efficiency method, as a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) extension, calculates the cross efficiency of each decision making unit (DMU) using the weights of all decision making units (DMUs). The major advantage of the cross-efficiency method is that it can provide a complete ranking for all DMUs. In addition, the cross-efficiency method could eliminate unrealistic weight results. However, the existing cross-efficiency methods only evaluate the relative efficiencies of a set of DMUs with exact values of inputs and outputs. If the input or output data of DMUs are imprecise, such as the interval data, the existing methods fail to assess the efficiencies of these DMUs. To address this issue, we propose the introduction of Shannon entropy into the cross-efficiency method. In the proposed model, intervals of all cross-efficiency values are firstly obtained by the interval cross-efficiency method. Then, a distance entropy model is proposed to obtain the weights of interval efficiency. Finally, all alternatives are ranked by their relative Euclidean distance from the positive solution.
Design and Optimization of an Efﬁcient (96.1%) and Compact (2 kW/dm3) Bidirectional Isolated Single-Phase Dual Active Bridge AC-DC Converter
Authors: Everts Jordi
Published: October 2016

The growing attention on plug-in electric vehicles, and the associated high-performance demands, have initiated a development trend towards highly efﬁcient and compact on-board battery chargers. These isolated ac-dc converters are most commonly realized using two conversion stages, combining a non-isolated power factor correction (PFC) rectiﬁer with an isolated dc-dc converter.This, however, involves two loss stages and a relatively high component count, limiting the achievable efﬁciency and power density and resulting in high costs. In this paper, a single-stage converter approach is analyzed to realize a single-phase ac-dc converter, combining all functionalities into one conversion stage and thus enabling a cost-effective efﬁciency and power density increase. The converter topology consists of a quasi-lossless synchronous rectiﬁer followed by an isolated dual active bridge (DAB) dc-dc converter, putting a small ﬁlter capacitor in between. To show the performance potential of this bidirectional, isolated ac-dc converter, a comprehensive design procedure and multi-objective optimization with respect to efﬁciency and power density is presented, using detailed loss and volume models. The models and procedures are veriﬁed by a 3.7kW hardware demonstrator, interfacing a 400Vdc-bus with the single-phase 230V,50Hz utility grid. Measurement results indicate a state-of-the-art efﬁciency of 96.1% and power density of 2 kW/dm3, conﬁrming the competitiveness of the investigated single-stage DAB ac-dc converter.
Characterization of Airborne Particles Collected from Car Engine Air Filters Using SEM and EDX Techniques
Authors: Heredia Rivera Birmania , Gerardo Rodriguez Martín
Published: October 2016

Particulate matter accumulated on car engine air-filters (CAFs) was examined in order to investigate the potential use of these devices as efficient samplers for collecting street level air that people are exposed to. The morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of a variety of particles were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The particulate matter accumulated by the CAFs was studied in two categories; the first was of removed particles by friction, and the second consisted of particles retained on the filters. Larger particles with a diameter of 74–10 µm were observed in the first category. In the second one, the detected particles had a diameter between 16 and 0.7 µm. These particles exhibited different morphologies and composition, indicating mostly a soil origin. The elemental composition revealed the presence of three groups: mineral (clay and asphalt), metallic (mainly Fe), and biological particles (vegetal and animal debris). The palynological analysis showed the presence of pollen grains associated with urban plants. These results suggest that CAFs capture a mixture of atmospheric particles, which can be analyzed in order to monitor urban air. Thus, the continuous availability of large numbers of filters and the retroactivity associated to the car routes suggest that these CAFs are very useful for studying the high traffic zones within a city.
Vehicle Positioning and Speed Estimation Based on Cellular Network Signals for Urban Roads
Authors: Lai Wei-Kuang , Kuo Ting-Huan
Published: October 2016

In recent years, cellular floating vehicle data (CFVD) has been a popular traffic information estimation technique to analyze cellular network data and to provide real-time traffic information with higher coverage and lower cost. Therefore, this study proposes vehicle positioning and speed estimation methods to capture CFVD and to track mobile stations (MS) for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Three features of CFVD, which include the IDs, sequence, and cell dwell time of connected cells from the signals of MS communication, are extracted and analyzed. The feature of sequence can be used to judge urban road direction, and the feature of cell dwell time can be applied to discriminate proximal urban roads. The experiment results show the accuracy of the proposed vehicle positioning method, which is 100% better than other popular machine learning methods (e.g., naive Bayes classification, decision tree, support vector machine, and back-propagation neural network). Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed method with all features (i.e., the IDs, sequence, and cell dwell time of connected cells) is 83.81% for speed estimation. Therefore, the proposed methods based on CFVD are suitable for detecting the status of urban road traffic.
Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Solute Carrier 6 Gene Family in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Tang Xin , Liu Huawei , Chen Quanmei , Wang Xin , Xiong Ying , Zhao Ping
Published: October 2016

The solute carrier 6 (SLC6) gene family, initially known as the neurotransmitter transporters, plays vital roles in the regulation of neurotransmitter signaling, nutrient absorption and motor behavior. In this study, a total of 16 candidate genes were identified as SLC6 family gene homologs in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) genome. Spatio-temporal expression patterns of silkworm SLC6 gene transcripts indicated that these genes were highly and specifically expressed in midgut, brain and gonads; moreover, these genes were expressed primarily at the feeding stage or adult stage. Levels of expression for most midgut-specific and midgut-enriched gene transcripts were down-regulated after starvation but up-regulated after re-feeding. In addition, we observed that expression levels of these genes except for BmSLC6-15 and BmGT1 were markedly up-regulated by a juvenile hormone analog. Moreover, brain-enriched genes showed differential expression patterns during wandering and mating processes, suggesting that these genes may be involved in modulating wandering and mating behaviors. Our results improve our understanding of the expression patterns and potential physiological functions of the SLC6 gene family, and provide valuable information for the comprehensive functional analysis of the SLC6 gene family.
Baking Powder Actuated Centrifugo-Pneumatic Valving for Automation of Multi-Step Bioassays
Authors: Kinahan David , Renou Marine , Kurzbuch Dirk , Kilcawley Niamh , Bailey Éanna , Glynn Macdara , McDonagh Colette , Ducrée Jens
Published: October 2016

We report a new flow control method for centrifugal microfluidic systems; CO2 is released from on-board stored baking powder upon contact with an ancillary liquid. The elevated pressure generated drives the sample into a dead-end pneumatic chamber sealed by a dissolvable film (DF). This liquid incursion wets and dissolves the DF, thus opening the valve. The activation pressure of the DF valve can be tuned by the geometry of the channel upstream of the DF membrane. Through pneumatic coupling with properly dimensioned disc architecture, we established serial cascading of valves, even at a constant spin rate. Similarly, we demonstrate sequential actuation of valves by dividing the disc into a number of distinct pneumatic chambers (separated by DF membranes). Opening these DFs, typically through arrival of a liquid to that location on a disc, permits pressurization of these chambers. This barrier-based scheme provides robust and strictly ordered valve actuation, which is demonstrated by the automation of a multi-step/multi-reagent DNA-based hybridization assay.
Neural Probes for Chronic Applications
Authors: Kook Geon , Lee Sung , Lee Hee , Cho Il-Joo , Lee Hyunjoo
Published: October 2016

Developed over approximately half a century, neural probe technology is now a mature technology in terms of its fabrication technology and serves as a practical alternative to the traditional microwires for extracellular recording. Through extensive exploration of fabrication methods, structural shapes, materials, and stimulation functionalities, neural probes are now denser, more functional and reliable. Thus, applications of neural probes are not limited to extracellular recording, brain-machine interface, and deep brain stimulation, but also include a wide range of new applications such as brain mapping, restoration of neuronal functions, and investigation of brain disorders. However, the biggest limitation of the current neural probe technology is chronic reliability; neural probes that record with high fidelity in acute settings often fail to function reliably in chronic settings. While chronic viability is imperative for both clinical uses and animal experiments, achieving one is a major technological challenge due to the chronic foreign body response to the implant. Thus, this review aims to outline the factors that potentially affect chronic recording in chronological order of implantation, summarize the methods proposed to minimize each factor, and provide a performance comparison of the neural probes developed for chronic applications.
Fermentation Results and Chemical Composition of Agricultural Distillates Obtained from Rye and Barley Grains and the Corresponding Malts as a Source of Amylolytic Enzymes and Starch
Authors: Balcerek Maria , Pielech-Przybylska Katarzyna , Dziekońska-Kubczak Urszula , Patelski Piotr , Strąk Ewelina
Published: October 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of rye and barley starch hydrolysis in mashing processes using cereal malts as a source of amylolytic enzymes and starch, and to establish the volatile profile of the obtained agricultural distillates. In addition, the effects of the pretreatment method of unmalted cereal grains on the physicochemical composition of the prepared mashes, fermentation results, and the composition of the obtained distillates were investigated. The raw materials used were unmalted rye and barley grains, as well as the corresponding malts. All experiments were first performed on a semi-technical scale, and then verified under industrial conditions in a Polish distillery. The fermentable sugars present in sweet mashes mostly consisted of maltose, followed by glucose and maltotriose. Pressure-thermal treatment of unmalted cereals, and especially rye grains, resulted in higher ethanol content in mashes in comparison with samples subjected to pressureless liberation of starch. All agricultural distillates originating from mashes containing rye and barley grains and the corresponding malts were characterized by low concentrations of undesirable compounds, such as acetaldehyde and methanol. The distillates obtained under industrial conditions contained lower concentrations of higher alcohols (apart from 1-propanol) than those obtained on a semi-technical scale.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Aspalathus linearis and Cyclopia spp. Extracts in a UVB/Keratinocyte (HaCaT) Model Utilising Interleukin-1α Accumulation as Biomarker
Authors: Magcwebeba Tandeka , Swart Pieter , Swanevelder Sonja , Joubert Elizabeth , Gelderblom Wentzel
Published: October 2016

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is one of the major predisposing risk factors of skin cancer. The anticancer and photoprotective effects of unoxidized rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia) herbal teas, containing high levels of dihydrochalones and xanthones, respectively, have been demonstrated in skin cancer models in vivo. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol and aqueous extracts of these herbal teas were investigated in a UVB/HaCaT keratinocyte model with intracellular interleukin-1α (icIL-1α) accumulation as a biomarker. Extracts of green tea (Camellia sinensis) served as benchmark. Both extracts of green tea and rooibos, as well as the aqueous extract of C. intermedia, enhanced UVB-induced inhibition of cell viability, proliferation and induction of apoptosis, facilitating the removal of icIL-1α. The underlying mechanisms may involve mitochondrial dysfunction exhibiting pro-oxidant responses via polyphenol-iron interactions. The methanol extracts of honeybush, however, protected against UVB-induced reduction of cell growth parameters, presumably via antioxidant mechanisms that prevented the removal of highly inflamed icIL-1α-containing keratinocytes via apoptosis. The dual antioxidant and/or pro-oxidant role of the polyphenolic herbal tea constituents should be considered in developing preventive strategies against UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. The indirect removal of UVB damaged keratinocytes by herbal tea extracts via apoptosis may find application in the prevention of photo-induced inflammation.
3D Printed Dry EEG Electrodes
Authors: Krachunov Sammy , Casson Alexander
Published: October 2016

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a procedure that records brain activity in a non-invasive manner. The cost and size of EEG devices has decreased in recent years, facilitating a growing interest in wearable EEG that can be used out-of-the-lab for a wide range of applications, from epilepsy diagnosis, to stroke rehabilitation, to Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). A major obstacle for these emerging applications is the wet electrodes, which are used as part of the EEG setup. These electrodes are attached to the human scalp using a conductive gel, which can be uncomfortable to the subject, causes skin irritation, and some gels have poor long-term stability. A solution to this problem is to use dry electrodes, which do not require conductive gel, but tend to have a higher noise floor. This paper presents a novel methodology for the design and manufacture of such dry electrodes. We manufacture the electrodes using low cost desktop 3D printers and off-the-shelf components for the first time. This allows quick and inexpensive electrode manufacturing and opens the possibility of creating electrodes that are customized for each individual user. Our 3D printed electrodes are compared against standard wet electrodes, and the performance of the proposed electrodes is suitable for BCI applications, despite the presence of additional noise.