bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co‐fermentation of lentils using lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis natto increases functional and antioxidant components
Authors: Chen Kaiyang , Gao Congcong , Han Xuemei , Li Dan , Wang Haikuan , Lu Fuping
Published: September 2020

We identified lentil products with both nutritional value and antioxidant capacity by studying the changes of probiotics and functional substances during single fermentation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or co‐fermentation using LAB and Bacillus subtilis natto. After fermentation, the best growth of LAB was observed in anaerobic solid‐state co‐fermentation, whereby the viable counts of Lactobacillus plantarum TK9 and Lactobacillus paracasei TK1501 reached 2.77 × 109 and 2.78 × 109 CFU/g, respectively. Furthermore, the total phenol and genistin content produced by the two mixed groups, respectively, increased by 0.52‐ and 0.66‐fold, as well as 0.63‐ and 0.64‐fold, compared with unfermented samples. Similarly, the free amino acid content increased by 0.53‐ and 0.49‐fold, respectively. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for the radical‐scavenging against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity were lower following anaerobic co‐fermentation. Consistently, products of anaerobic mixed solid‐state fermentation had higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Therefore, anaerobic solid‐state co‐fermentation of lentils using B. subtilis natto may promote the multiplication of LAB and enhance the antioxidant activity of fermented lentil products.

Practical Application

Simple and efficient food handling is more suitable for industrial production. Co‐fermentation is a good method to optimize the fermentation process. Co‐culture technology has high potential in terms of functionality and antioxidant capacity.
Encapsulation of tributyrin by gamma‐cyclodextrin: Complexation, spray drying, and in vitro fermentation
Authors: Shi Xueqian , Monaco Marcia H. , Donovan Sharon M. , Lee Youngsoo
Published: September 2020

Butyrate is a short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) known for support in gastrointestinal (GI) health. Tributyrin (TB) could be used as an alternate source of butyrate. The objectives of this study were to encapsulate TB using gamma‐cyclodextrin (CD) by spray‐drying and to investigate the physicochemical and the fermentation properties of TB/CD complex. The TB/CD complex precipitated in water with an average stoichiometry of 1:1.3 of TB:CD. At a 1:2 molar ratio of TB:CD, TB was fully retained in the spray‐dried TB/CD complex. The spray‐dried TB/CD complex showed crystalline structure, supported by both X‐ray diffraction spectra and scanning electron microscopy images. The TB/CD complex at 1:2 molar ratio was fermented and several SCFAs, including butyrate, were produced in an in vitro test using piglets’ ileal and colonic contents. A dose‐dependent increase in the butyrate concentration in both ileum and ascending colon was observed. Approximately, 426 and 1189 μmole butyrate was produced per gram of TB/CD powder at 9 mM treatment in ileum and ascending colon, respectively. Thus, the production of the TB/CD complex using spray drying is feasible and the complex has the potential for food applications to improve intestinal health.

Practical Application

The findings in this study can be applied to produce encapsulated tributyrin with gamma‐cyclodextrin efficiently using spray‐drying. The TB/CD complex was highly fermentable and caused an increase in the butyrate concentration in both ileum and ascending colon, which can be incorporated in foods to enhance butyrate delivery to the GI tract to assist gut health.
Chocolate desserts with ricotta hydrolysates: In vitro study of inhibitory activity against angiotensin‐converting enzyme and cholinesterase
Authors: Kobus‐Cisowska Joanna , Szczepaniak Oskar , Szymanowska Daria , Przeor Monika , Jarzębski Maciej , Ligaj Marta , Gramza‐Michałowska Anna , Szwajgier Dominik , Foksowicz‐Flaczyk Joanna
Published: September 2020

Food can be a source of valuable peptides with high bioactivity, which regulate the functioning of cardiovascular and nervous systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of usage ricotta after hydrolysis to obtain innovative chocolate desserts. It was shown that the hydrolysis of whey proteins in ricotta had insignificant effect on the texture indices of the products, except gumminess, as it declined to 16% in ricotta samples and to 7% in case of chocolate dessert samples. Confirmed was that the hydrolysis of the ricotta affected the activity of prepared desserts with respect to cholinesterases and angiotensin‐converting enzyme. Enzymatic hydrolysate of ricotta may be consider as a semifinished product of high functional activity, and its further application in dessert production allows to provide novel prohealth new products.

Practical Application

Study results indicate new feasibilities of ricotta application as functional ingredient of new products––chocolate desserts. The results show that ricotta after the stage of enzyme hydrolysis of proteins might have noticeable effect on product functionality. A measurable benefit for the consumer is the receipt of a new product with favorable health‐promoting properties, and for the entrepreneur new possibilities to expand the range of functional products. Moreover, described technology allows to use dairy byproducts for new products developments, such as chocolate desserts, due to sustainability development strategy.
Comparison of the viscosity of camel milk with model milk systems in relation to their atomization properties
Authors: Habtegebriel Haileeyesus , Wawire Michael , Gaukel Volker , Taboada Martha L.
Published: September 2020

To correlate the viscosity of camel milk with its atomization properties, first, the viscosity profiles of camel milk are compared with model milk systems (reconstituted skimmed cow milk powder). Then, atomization experiment was conducted using model milk systems and finally, the findings of the atomization experiments were coincided with the viscosity profiles. The effect of total solids of whole (10% to 40%) and skimmed (7.5% to 30%) camel milks on its viscosity was investigated. At 30% total solids level and a temperature of 20 °C, skimmed camel milk exhibited a viscosity of 7.68 mPa.s whereas whole camel milk 8.96 mPa.s. This value is small compared to suspension of reconstituted skimmed cow milk powder, which reached up to 18.55 mPa.s and to that of suspension of whey protein concentrate (28.15 mPa.s). By raising the total solid from 20% to 30%, it was shown that, the average spray droplet size would be changed from 18.77 to 29.40 µm and the span from 1.76 to 1.55. Based on their viscosity profiles, these values would be obtained for camel milk at total solid values of 35% for whole and 38% for skimmed milks. This would allow camel milk to be concentrated to higher total solid levels than bovine milk.

Practical Application

Converting camel milk into powder by spray drying will have a great role in its commercialization. To do so, establishing knowledge on the viscosity of camel milk at different total solids levels in relation to its atomization properties would be of paramount importance. Because, this would enable us to fine tune the viscosity of the milk to arrive at a quality powder with all the desired techno‐functional properties. Moreover, it will also contribute by furnishing engineering data pertinent to the development, design, or choice of appropriate nozzles for atomization of the milk during spray drying at different drying set ups.
Significance of hyperglycaemia in first trimester pregnancy (SHIFT): A pilot study and literature review
Authors: Kuehn Johanna , Gebuehr Alison , Wintour Jasmine , Woods Andrew , Luu Judy , Wynne Katie
Published: September 2020

International guidelines recommend screening for overt diabetes in early pregnancy. Women in their first trimester with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels that would be diagnostic of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in later pregnancy are being identified and treated despite uncertainty regarding the risks and benefits. The evidence for the current diagnostic criteria and management recommendations in early GDM are reviewed. The results of a prospective observational study assessing the progression to GDM and prespecified maternal‐fetal outcomes in women with mild fasting hyperglycaemia in the first trimester suggest that women with FPG 5.1–5.6 mmol/L may warrant proactive management in early pregnancy.
Making Space for Embodied Voices, Diverse Bodies, and Multiple Genders in Nonconformist Friday Prayers: A Queer Feminist Ethnography of Progressive Muslims’ Performative Intercorporeality in North American Congregations
Authors: Thompson Katrina Daly
Published: September 2020

In contemporary North American Muslim congregations involved in the “progressive Muslim movement,” prayer practices rework tradition in recognizably Muslim ways while nevertheless differing markedly from those of most mosques. Ethnographic description and participant narratives shed light on the process through which intercorporeality impacts interpretation of Islamic gender norms, outlining the connections among epicene prayer space, bodily proximity, multivocality, and multicorporeality in creating support for feminist and queer religious interpretations and solidarity with marginalized others. Interreligious critiques of such nonconformist approaches have tended to treat nonconformist Muslims as inappropriately concerned with individual liberties or as individual activists seeking media attention. Attention to alterity in context, however, demonstrates that alternative understandings develop not from individual beliefs, practices, or desires but rather through somatic practice within a community of like‐minded co‐religionists learning new habits through intercorporeality. [progressive Muslims, performativity, congregational prayer, intercorporeality and embodiment, sexual diversity and gender variance]
Collaborative anthropology, work, and textual reception in a Mexican Nahua village
Authors: ARIEL DE VIDAS ANATH
Published: September 2020

Since the 1980s, anthropologists have been valorizing the notion of working together with their research participants to produce knowledge. But what happens when the anthropologist's notion of collaboration differs radically from that of the people with whom he or she wishes to collaborate? My initial attempt at such collaboration with indigenous Nahua people in a Mexican village seemed to fail miserably, yet, over time, the situation changed. Reflecting on the misunderstandings surrounding our discussions on the first drafts of my book about the village provides a glimpse of the cultural context in which the interaction was forged. It raises questions about literacy, the authority of knowledge, and my interlocutors’ views of social relationships. In particular, an understanding of the local notion of work proved crucial to grasping the evolution of these exchanges. The latter reveal Nahua ontologies as well as my own. [collaborative anthropology, reflexivity, work, textual reception, literacy, methodology, indigenous people, Nahua, Mexico]
Left heart bypass versus circulatory arrest for open repair of thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies
Authors: Papadimas Evangelos , Tan Ying Kiat , Qi Qian , Ng Jun Jie , Kofidis Theo , Teoh Kristine , Sorokin Vitaly , Choong Andrew M. T. L.
Published: September 2020

Background

Most large‐volume centres use left heart bypass (LHB) as their preferred organ protection strategy during repair of descending thoracic aortic (DTA) and thoracoabdominal aortic (TAA) pathologies. We investigate the use of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) for similar pathologies and compare the outcomes of both.

Methods

A PubMed, Embase and Scopus search for studies in English on LHB versus HCA for repair of DTA and TAA pathologies published from inception till February 2020 was performed. Our analysis excluded studies without direct comparison of the two organ protection strategies. Clinical endpoints that were studied were 30‐day mortality, post‐operative stroke, spinal cord deficit, renal failure and respiratory failure. Random effects meta‐analyses of the effect of the two strategies across all clinical endpoints were conducted.

Results

HCA is non‐inferior to LHB across all clinical endpoints. In terms of 30‐day mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–4.59, P = 0.14, I2 = 49%), stroke (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.12–1.39, P = 0.97, I2 = 0%), spinal cord deficit (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.22–1.45, P = 0.78, I2 = 0%), renal failure (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.37–4.76, P = 0.98, I2 = 0%) and respiratory failure (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.37–1.97, P = 0.16, I2 = 46%), there was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts.

Conclusion

Evidence is limited, but suggests that HCA alone provides adequate organ protection during repair of DTA and TAA pathologies, and has equivalent outcomes when compared to LHB.
Are <7‐mm long implants in native bone as effective as longer implants in augmented bone for the rehabilitation of posterior atrophic jaws? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Iezzi Giovanna , Perrotti Vittoria , Felice Pietro , Barausse Carlo , Piattelli Adriano , Del Fabbro Massimo
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of <7 mm short (SH) implants inserted in native bone vs longer (ST) implants placed in vertically augmented partially edentulous posterior jaws. A further aim was to evaluate if the residual bone dimension plays a role in the outcomes of SH and extra‐SH implants.

Materials and Methods

This review was registered with PROSPERO. An electronic literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least 1‐year follow‐up, comparing fixed prostheses supported by SH vs ST implants in augmented sites were included. Marginal bone level (MBL) changes, implant survival rate, and complications were evaluated through a meta‐analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed dividing the SH implants according to length at each follow‐up (1‐, 3‐, 5‐year of function).

Results

Twenty‐five articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, featuring a total of 650 SH implants placed in 415 patients and 685 ST implants placed in 403 patients. There was a trend for a significantly lower MBL associated with SH implants respect to ST implants at each follow‐up, whilst there was no evidence of a difference in failure rates between SH and ST implants, for any SH length considered and at any follow‐up. There was evidence for a lower incidence of complications in favor of SH implants at both 1‐year (P < .0001) and 3‐year follow‐up (P = .01), while at 5‐year follow‐up there was no evidence of a difference between SH and ST groups (P = .30).

Conclusion

SH implants supporting partial fixed rehabilitations represent a valuable alternative to augmentation procedures in the medium term. While the performance of implants at least 5‐mm long is well documented, more studies with at least 5‐year follow‐up are needed to confirm the promising outcomes observed with <5 mm‐long fixtures.
Multiple combinations of melanocytic and vascular endothelial markers enhance the detection rate of lymphovascular invasion in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Bayram Aysel , Ozturk Sari Sule , Ozluk Yasemin , Tas Faruk , Buyukbabani Nesimi
Published: September 2020

Background

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is believed to be the mechanism by which melanoma cells can disseminate to regional lymph nodes and distant sites and may be predictive of adverse outcome. Lymphovascular invasion often difficult to detect on hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) stained sections, are readily identified with dual immunohistochemistry (IHC) for melanocytic and vascular markers.

Methods

A total of 100 primary cutaneous malignant melanoma cases that had a Breslow thickness of 1‐4 mm and lacked LVI by conventional HE assessment were included. We compared the LVI detection rates of double staining for CD31/S100 and CD34/S100, and D2‐40/S100, and examined the association of LVI with clinical outcomes.

Results

The dual immunohistochemical positivity for CD31/S100, CD34/S100, and D2‐40/S100 were 40(40%), 17(17%) and 35(35%), respectively. On multivariate analysis, LVI was an independent predictor of SLN status. Multivariate analysis revealed that LVI and male gender were independent risk factors for overall survival.

Conclusions

The recognition of LVI is improved by dual IHC and predicts SLN metastasis. The detection of LVI using dual IHC, especially by a combination of CD31/S100 and D2‐40/S100 is a useful step that inclusion should be recommended in basic evaluation parameters for cutaneous melanoma.
The effects of microglia‐ and astrocyte‐derived factors on neurogenesis in health and disease
Authors: Araki Tasuku , Ikegaya Yuji , Koyama Ryuta
Published: September 2020

Hippocampal neurogenesis continues throughout life and has been suggested to play an essential role in maintaining spatial cognitive function under physiological conditions. An increasing amount of evidence has indicated that adult neurogenesis is tightly controlled by environmental conditions in the neurogenic niche, which consists of multiple types of cells including microglia and astrocytes. Microglia maintain the environment of neurogenic niche through their phagocytic capacity and interaction with neurons via fractalkine‐CX3CR1 signaling. In addition, microglia release growth factors such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α to support the development of adult born neurons. Astrocytes also manipulate neurogenesis by releasing various soluble factors including adenosine triphosphate and lactate. Whereas, under pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, and epilepsy, microglia and astrocytes play a leading role in inflammation and are involved in attenuating the normal process of neurogenesis. The modulation of glial functions on neurogenesis in these brain diseases are attracting attention as a new therapeutic target. This review describes how these glial cells play a role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in both health and disease, especially focusing glia‐derived factors.
Numerical tool for the analysis of CTOD curves obtained by DIC or FEM
Authors: Marques Bruno , Neto Diogo , Antunes Fernando , Vasco‐Olmo Jose , Díaz Francisco
Published: September 2020

Typically, the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) is used only to quantify the crack closure phenomenon. However, more information about crack tip phenomena can be extracted from the CTOD curves, which can be used for a better understanding of fatigue crack growth. The main objective here is the development of a numerical tool for the automatic analysis of CTOD plots, which can be obtained either numerically using the finite element method (FEM) or experimentally using digital image correlation (DIC). The parameters extracted are the elastic and plastic CTOD in loading and unloading regimes, the corresponding load ranges, the crack opening and closure levels and the dissipated energy. This tool is expected to promote a fast and efficient analysis of DIC and FEM results, facilitating the implementation of CTOD analysis in the fatigue community.
Applications of digital imaging and analysis in seabird monitoring and research
Authors: Edney Alice J. , Wood Matt J.
Published: September 2020

Rapid advances in digital imaging technology offer efficient and cost‐effective methods for measuring seabird abundance, breeding success, phenology, survival and diet. These methods can facilitate understanding of long‐term population trends, and the design and implementation of successful conservation strategies. This paper reviews the suitability of satellites, manned aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and fixed‐position, handheld and animal‐borne cameras for recording digital photographs and videos used to measure seabird demographic and behavioural parameters. It considers the disturbance impacts, accuracy of results obtained, cost‐effectiveness and scale of monitoring possible compared with ‘traditional’ fieldworker methods. Given the ease of collecting large amounts of imagery, image processing is an important step in realizing the potential of this technology. The effectiveness of manual, semi‐automated and automated image processing is also reviewed. Satellites, manned aircraft and UAVs have most commonly been used for population counts. Spatial resolution is lowest in satellites, limiting monitoring to large species and those with obvious signs of presence, such as penguins. Conversely, UAVs have the highest spatial resolution, which has allowed fine‐scale measurements of foraging behaviour. Time‐lapse cameras are more cost‐effective for collecting time‐series data such as breeding success and phenology, as human visits are only required infrequently for maintenance. However, the colony of interest must be observable from a single vantage point. Handheld, animal‐borne and motion‐triggered cameras have fewer cost‐effective uses but have provided information on seabird diet, foraging behaviour and nest predation. The last of these has been important for understanding the impact of invasive mammals on seabird breeding success. Advances in automated image analysis are increasing the suitability of digital photography and videography to facilitate and/or replace traditional seabird monitoring methods. Machine‐learning algorithms, such asPengbot, have allowed rapid identification of birds, although training requires thousands of pre‐annotated photographs. Digital imaging has considerable potential in seabird monitoring, provided that appropriate choices are available for both image capture technology and image processing. These technologies offer opportunities to collect data in remote locations and increase the number of sites monitored. The potential to include such solutions in seabird monitoring and research will develop as the technology evolves, which will be of benefit given funding challenges in monitoring and conservation.
Keloids: a review of therapeutic management
Authors: Ekstein Samuel F. , Wyles Saranya P. , Moran Steven L. , Meves Alexander
Published: September 2020

Keloid scar formation arises from a disorganized fibroproliferative collagen response that extends beyond the original wound margins because of excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite treatment options for keloid scars including medical and surgical therapies, such as intralesional steroid injection and surgical excision, the recurrence rate remains high. Herein we consolidate recently published narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses to provide an overview of updated treatment recommendations for keloidal scar formation. PubMed search engine was used to access the MEDLINE database to investigate updates regarding keloid incidence and treatment. More than 100 articles were reviewed. Keloid management remains a multimodal approach. There continues to be no gold standard of treatment that provides a consistently low recurrence rate; however, the increasing number of available treatments and synergistic combinations of these treatments (i.e., laser‐based devices in combination with intralesional steroids, or 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in combination with steroid therapy) is showing favorable results. Future studies could target the efficacy of novel treatment modalities (i.e., autologous fat grafting or stem cell‐based therapies) for keloid management. This review article provides updated treatment guidelines for keloids and discusses insight into management to assist patient‐focused, evidence‐based clinical decision making.
From cassava to gari: mapping of quality characteristics and end‐user preferences in Cameroon and Nigeria
Authors: Ndjouenkeu Robert , Ngoualem Kegah Franklin , Teeken Béla , Okoye Benjamin , Madu Tessy , Olaosebikan Olamide Deborah , Chijioke Ugo , Bello Abolore , Oluwaseun Osunbade Adebowale , Owoade Durodola , Takam‐Tchuente Noel Hubert , Biaton Njeufa Esther , Nguiadem Chomdom Isabelle Linda , Forsythe Lora , Maziya‐Dixon Busie , Fliedel Geneviève
Published: September 2020

User’s preferences of cassava and cassava products along the value chain are supported by specific root quality characteristics that can be linked to root traits. Therefore, providing an evidence base of user preferred characteristics along the value chain can help in the functional choice of cassava varieties. In this respect, the present paper presents the results from focus group discussions and individual interviews on user preferred quality characteristics of raw cassava roots and the derived product, gari, – one of the major cassava products in Sub‐Saharan Africa – in major production and consumption areas of Cameroon and Nigeria. Choice of cassava varieties for farming is mainly determined by the multiple end uses of the roots, their agricultural yield and the processing determinants of roots that support their major high‐quality characteristics: size, density, low water content, maturity, colour and safety. Processing of cassava roots into gari goes through different technological variants leading to a gari whose high‐quality characteristics are dryness, colour, shiny/attractive appearance, uniform granules and taste. Eba, the major consumption form of gari in Cameroon and Nigeria, is mainly characterised by its textural properties: smoothness, firmness, stickiness, elasticity and mouldability. Recommendations are made, suggesting that breeding will have to start evaluating cassava clones for brightness/shininess, as well as textural properties such as mouldability and elasticity of cassava food products, for the purpose of supporting decision‐making by breeders and the development of high‐throughput selection methods of cassava varieties. Women are identified as important beneficiaries of such initiatives giving their disadvantaged position and their prominent role in cassava processing and marketing of gari.
Interleukin‐17 and ischaemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Qiaohui , Liao Yan , Liu Zhenquan , Dai Yajie , Li Yunxin , Li Yue , Tang Yibo
Published: September 2020

Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) is a cytokine family that includes 6 members, IL‐17A through IL‐17F, most of them are reported to have pro‐inflammatory role. Through binding to their receptors (IL‐17Rs), IL‐17 activates the intracellular signalling pathways to play an important role in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Ischaemic stroke is a complex pathophysiological process mainly caused by regional cerebral ischaemia. Inflammatory factors contribute to the physiological process of stroke that leads to poor prognosis. IL‐17 plays a crucial role in promoting inflammatory response and inducing secondary injury in post‐stroke. Though immune cells and inflammatory factors have been reported to be involved in the damage of stroke, the functions of IL‐17 in this process need to be elucidated. This review focuses on the pathological modulation and the mechanism of IL‐17 family in ischaemic stroke and seeking to provide new insights for future therapies.
Dealing with care disruption in High and Intensive Care wards: From difficult patients to difficult situations
Authors: Gerritsen Sylvia , Widdershoven Guy , van der Ham Lia , van Melle Laura , Kemper Martijn , Voskes Yolande
Published: September 2020

High and Intensive Care is a relatively new care model in Dutch mental health care for clinical admissions. One of the goals is to keep the admission short. For some patients, this goal is not realized, which results in a long‐term admission. Often, this is experienced as a disruption. Disruptions in care processes are frequently defined in terms of patient characteristics. Yet, it may be that other factors play a role. The aim of this study is to gain better insight into the perceptions of care professionals of what is characteristic for disruptions at High and Intensive Care wards and how professionals can deal with these. Qualitative research was performed by means of semi‐structured interviews and a focus group with professionals. Results show that a focus on patient characteristics is too narrow and that other factors also play an important role. These factors include challenges in the relation between professionals and the patient, a divided team, and a lack of collaboration with ambulatory care. In order to deal with these factors, professionals should invest in the relationship with the patient, identify destructive team processes early, and improve communication with ambulatory care. It is recommended to develop a monitoring tool that includes all these factors. Another recommendation is to organize structured reflection on dilemmas experienced in care. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of going beyond patient characteristics in order to better understand, identify, and deal with disruption at High and Intensive Care wards.
A simple maneuver to determine if septal accessory pathway ablation requires a left atrial approach
Authors: Kanawati Juliana , Roberts Jason D. , Rowe Matthew K. , Khan Habib , Chan William K. , Leong‐Sit Peter , Manlucu Jaimie , Yee Raymond , Tang Anthony S. , Gula Lorne J. , Skanes Allan C. , Klein George J.
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Septal accessory pathway (AP) ablation can be challenging due to the complex anatomy of the septal region. The decision to access the left atrium (LA) is often made after failure of ablation from the right. We sought to establish whether the difference between ventriculo‐atrial (VA) time during right ventricular (RV) apical pacing versus the VA during tachycardia would help establish the successful site for ablation of septal APs.

Methods

Intracardiac electrograms of patients with orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) using a septal AP with successful catheter ablation were reviewed. The ∆VA was the difference between the VA interval during RV apical pacing and the VA interval during ORT. The difference in the VA interval during right ventricular entrainment and ORT (StimA–VA) was also measured.

Results

The median ∆VA time was significantly less in patients with a septal AP ablated on the right side compared with patients with a septal AP ablated on the left side (12 ± 19 vs. 56 ± 10 ms, p < .001). The StimA–VA was significantly different between the two groups (22 ± 14 vs. 53 ± 9 ms, p < .001). The ∆VA and StimA–VA were always 40 ms in patients with non‐decremental septal APs ablated from the right side and always greater than 40 ms in those with septal APs ablated from the left.

Conclusion

ΔVA and StimA–VA values identified with RV apical pacing in the setting of ORT involving a septal AP predict when left atrial access will be necessary for successful ablation.
Efficacy and safety of co‐administered telmisartan/amlodipine and rosuvastatin in subjects with hypertension and dyslipidemia
Authors: Jin Xuan , Kim Moo Hyun , Han Ki Hoon , Hong Soon Jun , Ahn Jeong‐Cheon , Sung Jung‐Hoon , Cho Jin‐Man , Lee Han Cheol , Choi So‐Yeon , Lee Kyounghoon , Kim Woo‐Shik , Rhee Moo‐Yong , Kim Ju Han , Hong Seung Pyo , Yoo Byung Su , Cho Eun Joo , Lee Jae‐Hwan , Kim Pum‐Joon , Park Chang‐Gyu , Hyon Min Su , Shin Jin Ho , Lee Sang Hyun , Sung Ki Chul , Hwang Jinyong , Kwon Kihwan , Chae In‐Ho , Seo Jeong‐Sook , Kim Hyungseop , Lee Hana , Cho Yoonhwa , Kim Hyo‐Soo
Published: September 2020

Single risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, can combine to exacerbate the development and severity of cardiovascular disease. Treatment goals may be more effectively achieved if multiple disease factors are targeted with combination treatment. We enrolled 202 patients who were randomly divided into the following three groups: telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg, telmisartan 80 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg, and telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg. The primary efficacy variables were changes from baseline in mean sitting systolic blood pressure (MSSBP) between telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg and telmisartan 80 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg at 8 weeks, and the percent changes from baseline in low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol between telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg and telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg at 8 weeks. The secondary efficacy variables were changes in MSSBP, mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (MSDBP), LDL cholesterol and other lipid levels at 4 weeks and 8 weeks, as well as observed adverse events during follow‐up. There were no significant differences between the three groups in demographic characteristics and no significant difference among the three groups in terms of baseline characteristics for the validity evaluation variables. The mean overall treatment compliance in the three groups was, respectively, 98.42%, 96.68%, and 98.12%, indicating strong compliance for all patients. The Least‐Square (LS) mean (SE) for changes in MSSBP in the two (telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg and telmisartan 80 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg) groups were −19.3 (2.68) mm Hg and −6.69 (2.76) mm Hg. The difference between the two groups was significant (−12.60 (2.77) mm Hg, 95% CI −18.06 to −7.14, P < .0001). The LS Mean for the percent changes from baseline in LDL cholesterol in the two (telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg + rosuvastatin 20 mg and telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg) groups were −52.45 (3.23) % and 2.68 (3.15) %. The difference between the two groups was significant (−55.13 (3.20) %, 95% CI −61.45 to −48.81, P < .0001). There were no adverse events leading to discontinuation or death. Combined administration of telmisartan/amlodipine 80/5 mg and rosuvastatin 20 mg for the treatment of hypertensive patients with dyslipidemia significantly reduces blood pressure and improves lipid control. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03067688.
Diabetic nephropathy associates with deregulation of enzymes involved in kidney sulphur metabolism
Authors: Uyy Elena , Suica Viorel Iulian , Boteanu Raluca Maria , Safciuc Florentina , Cerveanu‐Hogas Aurel , Ivan Luminita , Stavaru Crina , Simionescu Maya , Antohe Felicia
Published: September 2020

Nephropathy is a major chronic complication of diabetes. A crucial role in renal pathophysiology is played by hydrogen sulphide (H2S) that is produced excessively by the kidney; however, the data regarding H2S bioavailability are inconsistent. We hypothesize that early type 1 diabetes (T1D) increases H2S production by a mechanism involving hyperglycaemia‐induced alterations in sulphur metabolism. Plasma and kidney tissue collected from T1D double transgenic mice were subjected to mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis, and the results were validated by immunological and gene expression assays.T1D mice exhibited a high concentration of H2S in the plasma and kidney tissue and histological, showed signs of subtle kidney fibrosis, characteristic for early renal disease. The shotgun proteomic analyses disclosed that the level of enzymes implicated in sulphate activation modulators, H2S‐oxidation and H2S‐production were significantly affected (ie 6 up‐regulated and 4 down‐regulated). Gene expression results corroborated well with the proteomic data. Dysregulation of H2S enzymes underly the changes occurring in H2S production, which in turn could play a key role in the initiation of renal disease. The new findings lead to a novel target in the therapy of diabetic nephropathy. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018053.
Cordyceps cateniannulata, a novel entomopathogenic fungus to control Stenoma impressella Busck (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) in Colombia
Authors: Montes‐Bazurto Luis Guillermo , Bustillo‐Pardey Alex Enrique , Medina‐Cárdenas Héctor Camilo
Published: September 2020

Stenoma impressella is one of the most important defoliator pests in oil palm plantations in Colombia. To identify an alternative method for its control was characterized biologically and molecularly two strains of Cordyceps cateniannulata (CPIsp1201 and IPIsp1201) and three strains of Beauveria bassiana (CPBb0502; CPBb0411; CPBb0404) against S. impressella larvae. Virulence was evaluated under laboratory conditions. In an oil palm leaflet, individual larvae obtained from the insect colony were inoculated with 5 μl of a conidial suspension containing 1 × 107 conidia/ml. The five strains were pathogenic against S. impressella larvae. CPIsp1201 and IPIsp1201 strains resulted in the highest mortality and were subsequently evaluated in two bioassays using a dose of 1 × 1013 conidia/ha. In the first bioassay, performed under shaded conditions, leaves of oil palms were infested with 75 larvae from the breeding/treatment. The second bioassay was performed in the field using natural populations. No differences were found between strains in both bioassays and the different dosages (5 × 1012, 1 × 1013, and 1.5 × 1013 conidia/ha). Finally, the two strains were evaluated under oil palm plantation conditions at a dose of 1 × 1013 conidia/ha in 126 naturally infested palms. Larval mortality caused by the strains IPIsp1201 and CPIsp1201 (79.5% and 70.5%, respectively) was higher than the natural mortality registered in the control (37.3%). Cordyceps cateniannulata used at 1 × 1013 conidia/ha was effective at controlling S. impressella.
Isolation and molecular characterization of streptococcal species recovered from clinical infections in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Philippines
Authors: Legario Francis S. , Choresca Casiano H. , Turnbull Jimmy F. , Crumlish Margaret
Published: September 2020

Streptococcosis cause severe losses for global tilapia farming, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize streptococci recovered from Nile tilapia farmed in the Philippines. Moribund and apparently healthy fish were sampled from grow‐out cages, ponds and hatcheries. Clinical signs observed included exophthalmia, eye opacity, ascites, lethargy, erratic swimming and haemorrhages. Results showed that both Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus agalactiae were associated with disease in these sites. Consistent with global reports, including those from South‐East Asia, S. agalactiae was more widespread than S. iniae. Molecular serotyping of the S. agalactiae isolates identified the serotype Ia and serotype Ib. Histopathological findings were meningitis, meningoencephalitis and septicaemia. Identical virulence profiles were found for all strains of S. iniae, while S. agalactiae strains were separated into virulence profile I and profile II. All strains were susceptible to the tested antibiotics and resistant to oxolinic acid. Only S. agalactiae serotype Ib showed resistance to sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim. This is the first study from the Philippines to characterize the streptococci involved in disease outbreaks in tilapia aquaculture. Outputs from this study will promote the development of efficacious disease control strategies in tilapia farming for the Philippines and South‐East Asia.
Prevalence of the pathobiont adherent‐invasive Escherichia coli and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nadalian Banafsheh , Yadegar Abbas , Houri Hamidreza , Olfatifar Meysam , Shahrokh Shabnam , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Suzuki Hidekazu , Zali Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim

Escherichia coli pathobionts and particularly the adherent‐invasive E. coli (AIEC) may play a putative role in initiating and maintaining the inflammatory process in the intestinal tissues of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, by providing stimulatory factors that trigger gut immune system activation. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the prevalence of AIEC among patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods

Electronic databases were searched up to February 2020 for relevant publications reporting the prevalence of AIEC in IBD patients. The prevalence rate of AIEC among CD and UC patients, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated compared to non‐IBD controls.

Results

The final dataset included 12 studies, all investigating AIEC isolates from ileal/colonic specimens. The OR for prevalence of AIEC in CD patients was 3.27 (95% CI 1.79–5.9) compared with non‐IBD controls. The overall pooled prevalence of AIEC among CD patients was 29% (95% CI 0.17–0.45), whereas this prevalence was calculated to be 9% (95% CI 0.03–0.19) in controls. Moreover, the prevalence of AIEC in UC subjects was calculated 12% (95% CI 0.01–0.34), while AIEC showed a prevalence of 5% (95% CI 0.0–0.17) among the controls. The OR for prevalence of AIEC in UC patients was 2.82 (95% CI 1.11–7.14) compared with controls.

Conclusions

There is a substantial increase in the prevalence of AIEC in IBD patients compared with controls. This review supports the growing evidence that AIEC could be involved in both CD and UC pathogenesis.
Interaction of Skeletal and Left Ventricular Mass in Older Adults with Low Muscle Performance
Authors: Pelà Giovanna , Tagliaferri Sara , Perrino Felice , Bussolati Giacomo , Longobucco Yari , Zerbinati Luna , Adorni Elisa , Calvani Riccardo , Cesari Matteo , Cherubini Antonio , Bernabei Roberto , Di Bari Mauro , Landi Francesco , Marzetti Emanuele , Lauretani Fulvio , Maggio Marcello
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

It was recently hypothesized the existence of “cardiac‐skeletal muscle axis.” However, the relationship between skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and left ventricular mass (LVM) has never been investigated in the specific group of older individuals with low skeletal mass and physical performance.

We tested this hypothesis in the SPRINT‐T (Sarcopenia and Physical Frailty IN older people: multicomponenT Treatment strategies Trial) population using LVM as independent variable and SMM as dependent variable.

METHODS

SMM was assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan and expressed as appendicular lean mass (ALM), and LVM was estimated through echocardiography. Low ALM was defined according to Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project criteria, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to assess physical performance.

RESULTS

The population consisted of 100 persons (33 men and 67 women), aged 70 years or older (mean age = 79 ± 5 years) with low ALM and SPPB ranged between 3 and 9, suggestive of physical frailty. Charlson Comorbidity Index median score was 0. Mean value of LVM was 193 ± 67 g, indexed LVM/body surface area (LVM/BSA) was 112 ± 33 g/m2, and cardiac output (CO) was 65 ± 19 L/min. ALM was strongly and positively correlated with LVM (r = 0.54602; P < .0001), LVM/BSA (r = 0.30761; P < .002), CO (r = 0.49621; P < .0001), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.52461; P < .0001), sex (r = 0.77; P < .001), fat mass (r = 0.38977; P < .0001), and hemoglobin (Hb) (r = 0.26001; P < .01). In the multivariate analysis, LVM (β = .019 ± .005; P < .0001), CO (β = .038 ± .016; P = .019), BMI (β = .286 ± .051; P < .0001), and Hb (β = .544 ± .175; P = .0025) remained associated to ALM.

CONCLUSIONS

In a sample of older persons with low muscle mass and physical performance, LVM was positively and significantly correlated with ALM, independently from blood pressure, physical activity, and other potential confounders. Future studies are needed to address the effect of interventions targeting LVM and SMM.
Stemming the Tide of COVID‐19 Infections in Massachusetts Nursing Homes
Authors: Lipsitz Lewis A. , Lujan Alida M. , Dufour Alyssa , Abrahams Gary , Magliozzi Helen , Herndon Laurie , Dar Mohammad
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

In April 2020, Massachusetts nursing homes (NHs) became a hotspot for COVID‐19 infections and associated deaths. In response, Governor Charles Baker allocated $130 million in additional funding for 2 months contingent on compliance with a new set of care criteria including mandatory testing of all residents and staff, and a 28‐point infection control checklist. We aimed to describe the Massachusetts effort and associated outcomes.

DESIGN

Longitudinal cohort study.

SETTING

A total of 360 Massachusetts NHs.

PARTICIPANTS

The Massachusetts Senior Care Association and Hebrew SeniorLife rapidly organized a Central Command team, targeted 123 “special focus” facilities with infection control deficiencies for on‐site and virtual consultations, and offered all 360 facilities weekly webinars and answers to questions regarding infection control procedures. The facilities were also informed of resources for the acquisition of personal protective equipment (PPE), backup staff, and SARS‐CoV‐2 testing.

MEASUREMENTS

We used two data sources: (1) four state audits of all NHs, and (2) weekly NH reports to the Massachusetts Center for Health Information and Analysis. Primary independent process measures were the checklist scores and adherence to each of its six core competencies. Primary outcomes were the average weekly rates of new infections, hospitalizations, and deaths in residents and staff. We used a hurdle mixed effects model adjusted for county COVID‐19 prevalence to estimate relationships between infection control process measures and rates of new infections or deaths.

RESULTS

Both resident and staff infection rates started higher in special focus facilities, then rapidly declined to the same low level in both groups. Adherence to infection control processes, especially proper wearing of PPE and cohorting, was significantly associated with declines in weekly infection and mortality rates.

CONCLUSION

This statewide effort could serve as a national model for other states to prevent the devastating effects of pandemics such as COVID‐19 in frail NH residents.
The FGF2‐induced tanycyte proliferation involves a connexin 43 hemichannel/purinergic‐dependent pathway
Authors: Recabal Antonia , Fernández Paola , López Sergio , Barahona María J. , Ordenes Patricio , Palma Alejandra , Elizondo‐Vega Roberto , Farkas Carlos , Uribe Amparo , Caprile Teresa , Sáez Juan C. , García‐Robles María A.
Published: September 2020

In the adult hypothalamus, the neuronal precursor role is attributed to the radial glia‐like cells that line the third‐ventricle (3V) wall called tanycytes. Under nutritional cues, including hypercaloric diets, tanycytes proliferate and differentiate into mature neurons that moderate body weight, suggesting that hypothalamic neurogenesis is an adaptive mechanism in response to metabolic changes. Previous studies have shown that the tanycyte glucosensing mechanism depends on connexin‐43 hemichannels (Cx43 HCs), purine release, and increased intracellular free calcium ion concentration [(Ca2+)i] mediated by purinergic P2Y receptors. Since, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) causes similar purinergic events in other cell types, we hypothesize that this pathway can be also activated by FGF2 in tanycytes to promote their proliferation. Here, we used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation to evaluate if FGF2‐induced tanycyte cell division is sensitive to Cx43 HC inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Immunocytochemical analyses showed that cultured tanycytes maintain the expression of in situ markers. After FGF2 exposure, tanycytic Cx43 HCs opened, enabling release of ATP to the extracellular milieu. Moreover, application of external ATP was enough to induce their cell division, which could be suppressed by Cx43 HC or P2Y1‐receptor inhibitors. Similarly, in vivo experiments performed on rats by continuous infusion of FGF2 and a Cx43 HC inhibitor into the 3V, demonstrated that FGF2‐induced β‐tanycyte proliferation is sensitive to Cx43 HC blockade. Thus, FGF2 induced Cx43 HC opening, triggered purinergic signaling, and increased β‐tanycytes proliferation, highlighting some of the molecular mechanisms involved in the cell division response of tanycyte.

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This article has an Editorial Highlight see https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15218.