bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quasi-periodic oscillations in the γ-ray light curves of bright active galactic nuclei
Authors: Ren Helena X. , Cerruti Matteo , Sahakyan Narek
Published: January 2023

Context. The detection of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the light curves of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can provide insights into the physics of the super-massive black holes (SMBHs) powering these systems and could represent a signature of the existence of SMBH binaries, setting fundamental constraints on SMBH evolution in the Universe.

Aims. The identification of long-term QPOs, characterized by periods on the order of several months to years, is particularly challenging and can only be achieved via all-sky monitoring instruments that provide unbiased, continuous light curves of astrophysical objects. The Fermi-LAT satellite, thanks to its monitoring observing strategy, is an ideal instrument for such a goal. Here, we aim to identify QPOs in the γ-ray light curves of the brightest AGNs within the Fermi-LAT catalog.

Methods. We analyzed the light curves of the 35 brightest Fermi-LAT AGNs, including data from the beginning of the Fermi mission (August 2008) to April 2021, with energies from 100 MeV to 300 GeV. Two time binnings were investigated: 7 and 30 days. The search for quasi-periodic features was then performed using the continuous wavelet transform. The significance of the result was tested via Monte Carlo simulations of artificial light curves with the same power spectral density and probability distribution function as the original light curves. The significances were then corrected for the look-elsewhere effect and provided as post-trials.

Results. We identified 24 quasars with candidate QPOs. Several of our candidates coincide with previous claims in the literature, namely: PKS 0537−441, S5 0716+714, Mrk 421, B2 1520+31, and PKS 2247−131. All our candidates are transient. The most significant multi-year QPO, with a period of about 1100 days, was observed in the quasar S5 1044+71. It is reported here for the first time.
A roadmap to cosmological parameter analysis with third-order shear statistics
Authors: Heydenreich Sven , Linke Laila , Burger Pierre , Schneider Peter
Published: January 2023

In this work, which is the first of a series to prepare a cosmological parameter analysis with third-order cosmic shear statistics, we model both the shear three-point correlation functions Γ(i) and the third-order aperture statistics $ {{\langle{{\mathcal{M}^3_\mathrm{ap}}}\rangle}} $
from the B IHALOFIT bispectrum model and validate these statistics with a series of N-body simulations. We then investigate how to bin the shear three-point correlation functions to achieve an unbiased estimate for third-order aperture statistics in real data. Finally, we perform a cosmological parameter analysis on KiDS1000-like mock data with second- and third-order statistics. In the absence of systematic effects, we recover all cosmological parameters with very little bias. Furthermore, we find that a joint analysis almost doubles the constraining power on S8 and increases the figure of merit in the Ωm-σ8 plane by a factor of 5.9 with respect to an analysis with only second-order shear statistics.
The Gravitational Wave Universe Toolbox
Authors: Hendriks Kai , Yi Shu-Xu , Nelemans Gijs
Published: January 2023

Context. In the current multi-messenger astronomy era, it is important that information about joint gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) observations through short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) remains easily accessible to each member of the GW-EM community. The possibility for non-experts to execute quick computations of joint GW-sGRB detections should be facilitated.

Aims. For this study, we constructed a model for sGRBs and added this to the framework of the previously built Gravitational Wave Universe Toolbox (GWToolbox or Toolbox). We provide expected joint GW-sGRB detection rates for different combinations of GW detectors and high-energy (HE) instruments.

Methods. We employed and adapted a generic GRB model to create a computationally low-cost top-hat jet model suitable for the GWToolbox. With the Toolbox, we simulated a population of binary neutron stars (BNSs) observed by a user-specified GW detector such as LIGO, Virgo, the Einstein Telescope (ET), or the Cosmic Explorer (CE). Based on the characteristics of each binary, our model predicts the properties of a resulting sGRB, as well as its detectability for HE detectors such as Fermi/GBM, Swift/BAT, or GECAM.

Results. We report predicted joint detection rates for combinations of GW detectors (LIGO and ET) with HE instruments (Fermi/GBM, Swift/BAT, and GECAM). Our findings stress the significance of the impact that ET will have on multi-messenger astronomy. While the LIGO sensitivity is currently the limiting factor regarding the number of joint detections, ET will observe BNSs at such a rate that the vast majority of detected sGRBs will have a GW counterpart observed by ET. These conclusions hold for CE as well. Additionally, since LIGO can only detect BNSs up to a redshift of ~0.1 where few sGRBs exist, a search for sub-threshold GW signals at higher redshifts using sGRB information from HE detectors has the potential to be very successful and significantly increase the number of joint detections. Equivalently, during the ET era, GW data can assist in finding sub-threshold sGRBs, potentially increasing, for example, the number of joint ET-Fermi/GBM observations by ~270%. Lastly, we find that our top-hat jet model underestimates the number of joint detections that include an off-axis sGRB. We corrected for this by introducing a second, wider and weaker jet component. We predict that the majority of joint detections during the LIGO/Virgo era will include an off-axis sGRB, making GRB170817A not as unlikely as one would think based on the simplest top-hat jet model. In the ET era, most joint detections will contain an on-axis sGRB.
A kinematically detected planet candidate in a transition disk
Authors: Stadler J. , Benisty M. , Izquierdo A. , Facchini S. , Teague R. , Kurtovic N. , Pinilla P. , Bae J. , Ansdell M. , Loomis R. , Mayama S. , Perez L. M. , Testi L.
Published: January 2023

Context. Transition disks are protoplanetary disks with inner cavities possibly cleared by massive companions. Observing them at high resolution is ideal for mapping their velocity structure and probing companion–disk interactions.

Aims. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 dust and gas observations of the transition disk around RXJ1604.3–2130 A, known to feature nearly symmetric shadows in scattered light, and aim to search for non-Keplerian features.

Methods. We studied the 12CO line channel maps and moment maps of the line-of-sight velocity and peak intensity. We fitted a Keplerian model of the channel-by-channel emission to study line profile differences and produced deprojected radial profiles for all velocity components.

Results. The 12CO emission is detected out to R ∼ 1.8″ (265 au). It shows a cavity inward of 0.39″ (56 au) and within the dust continuum ring (at ∼0.56″, i.e., 81 au). Azimuthal brightness variations in the 12CO line and dust continuum are broadly aligned with the shadows detected in scattered-light observations. We find a strong localized non-Keplerian feature toward the west within the continuum ring (at R = 41 ± 10 au and PA = 280 ± 2°). It accounts for Δvϕ/vkep ∼ 0.4 or Δvz/vkep ∼ 0.04, depending on if the perturbation is in the rotational or vertical direction. A tightly wound spiral is also detected and extends over 300° in azimuth, possibly connected to the localized non-Keplerian feature. Finally, a bending of the iso-velocity contours within the gas cavity indicates a highly perturbed inner region, possibly related to the presence of a misaligned inner disk.

Conclusions. While broadly aligned with the scattered-light shadows, the localized non-Keplerian feature cannot be solely due to changes in temperature. Instead, we interpret the kinematical feature as tracing a massive companion located at the edge of the dust continuum ring. We speculate that the spiral is caused by buoyancy resonances driven by planet–disk interactions. However, this potential planet at ∼41 au cannot explain the gas-depleted cavity, the low accretion rate, and the misaligned inner disk, which suggests the presence of another companion closer in.
An attempt to apply laser combustion to palm waste
Authors: Awad Fatima M. , Alsabah Yousef A. , Marouf Ali A.S. , Orsod Mohammed U.
Published: January 2023

The focus of this study was to develop a method to demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining useful and high-value resources from Phoenix dactylifera residues and, to determine the physical and chemical properties of the ash of dates-palm-tree remains. Date-palm leaves and fiber samples were combusted for 50 s, using an Nd: YAG laser with 40 W output power. It was found, that combustion of one gram of agricultural waste could be completed in 50 s and 40 W by laser while 10 g required 1.5–10 min and 300–800 W power by microwave and at least 2 h with 1500 W power for conventional heating for 10 g. The subjects of this treatment, the leaves and fiber samples, before and after combustion were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The XRD results of the palm-fiber after combustion reveal that the samples were crystallized with a rhombohedral phase of acetamide and hatrurite, orthorhombic finite, and Ca4Si2O6(CO3)(OH)2, and a monoclinic phase of ikaite properties. The XRD patterns of palm-leaf after combustion reveal that the samples were crystallized with orthorhombic hillebrandite, rhombohedral acetamide, and the monoclinic phase of each karpatite, morganite, and howlite. Finally, the FTIR exhibited several absorbance peaks, assigned to silica.
Literature Review of Catering Industry Marketing Strategy in China
Authors: Feng Jing , Tan Linruyuan
Published: January 2023

This study aims to review the literature on marketing strategies in Chinese catering industry. A large part of advertising is dedicated to changing consumers' views and priorities, either by instilling favorable attitudes or eliminating negative attitudes. To avoid credibility issues or uncertainty, the ethical aspects of the study were taken into account. The results revealed that the shift in customer priorities posed a challenge for marketing management in the Chinese catering industry during the new coronavirus outbreak. Future investigators should collect raw data to conduct research, as it will provide detailed information about the study topic.
Current Challenges and Potential Solutions of China’s Agricultural Economy
Authors: Xu Haomin
Published: January 2023

Agriculture always plays a crucial role on the world economy, and it is the foundation of rural economy. Especially in China is the developing country which has large population, at the same time it is one of the top agricultural producing country in World. Agricultural development is to guarantee a national food security, at the same time, it is a important measures to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. This article analyse the challenges that modern economy development in China to face with current situations which including impact of aging population education system high logistics cost, and propose countermeasures to accelerate the development of modern economy and agriculture pointedly.
MiR-99a-5p Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Human Retinal
Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Targeting NOX4
Authors: Yu Haizhen , Zhang Xu , Wang Xuyang , Chen Wangling , Lao Wei , Chen Yunxin
Published: January 2023

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the common microvascular complications of
diabetes, and it is the main cause of vision loss among working-age people. This
study interpreted the roles of miR-99a-5p in DR patients and human retinal
microvascular endothelial cell (hRMECs) injury induced by high glucose. The
expression of miR-99a-5p was detected in patients with NDR, NPDR, and PDR. The
indictive impacts of miR-99a-5p were tested by the ROC curve, and the link
between miR-99a-5p and clinical information was verified by the Pearson test. HG
was used to instruct cell models. The CCK-8 and transwell methods were performed
to detect the proliferative and migrated cells. The targeted relationship was
explained by luciferase activity. The content of miR-99a-5p was gradually
lessened in NPDR and PDR patients. MiR-99a-5p might differentiate DR patients
from NDR patients and PDR patients from NPDR patients. The interconnection
between miR-99a-5p and clinical factors was endorsed in all DR patients.
Overexpression of miR-99a-5p assuaged the abnormality of cell migration and
proliferation of hRMECs triggered by HG. NOX4 was a downstream signaling
component of miR-99a-5p. In conclusion, MiR-99a-5p protected hRMECs against HG
damage, and the miR-99a-5p might be a novel target for diagnosis of DR.
Sarcopenia – Definition, Radiological Diagnosis, Clinical Significance
Authors: Vogele Daniel , Otto Stephanie , Sollmann Nico , Haggenmüller Benedikt , Wolf Daniel , Beer Meinrad , Schmidt Stefan Andreas
Published: January 2023

Background Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome characterized by a loss of muscle mass and strength. As a result, the independence of the elderly is reduced and the hospitalization rate and mortality increase. The onset of sarcopenia often begins in middle age due to an unbalanced diet or malnutrition in association with a lack of physical activity. This effect is intensified by concomitant diseases such as obesity or metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus.

Method With effective preventative diagnostic procedures and specific therapeutic treatment of sarcopenia, the negative effects on the individual can be reduced and the negative impact on health as well as socioeconomic effects can be prevented. Various diagnostic options are available for this purpose. In addition to basic clinical methods such as measuring muscle strength, sarcopenia can also be detected using imaging techniques like dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and sonography. DXA, as a simple and cost-effective method, offers a low-dose option for assessing body composition. With cross-sectional imaging techniques such as CT and MRI, further diagnostic possibilities are available, including MR spectroscopy (MRS) for noninvasive molecular analysis of muscle tissue. CT can also be used in the context of examinations performed for other indications to acquire additional parameters of the skeletal muscles (opportunistic secondary use of CT data), such as abdominal muscle mass (total abdominal muscle area – TAMA) or the psoas as well as the pectoralis muscle index. The importance of sarcopenia is already well studied for patients with various tumor entities and also infections such as SARS-COV2.

Results and Conclusion Sarcopenia will become increasingly important, not least due to demographic changes in the population. In this review, the possibilities for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, the clinical significance, and therapeutic options are described. In particular, CT examinations, which are repeatedly performed on tumor patients, can be used for diagnostics. This opportunistic use can be supported by the use of artificial intelligence.

Key Points:

Citation Format
Operative Versorgung der Extremitäten und der
Wirbelsäule bei Achondroplasie
Authors: Roth Andreas , Schumann Eckehardt , Ghanem Mohamed , Heyde Christoph-Eckhard
Published: January 2023

Die Achondroplasie gilt als häufigste Form des genetisch bedingten
Kleinwuchses. Zur Verbesserung des Wachstums erfolgen in Abhängigkeit
vom klinischen Befund und vom Alter operative Eingriffe an den
Extremitäten in Form von Korrektur- und Verlängerungsosteotomie.
Nur ausgeprägte Beindeformitäten sollten korrigiert werden. Die
regelmäßig auftretende flexible Kyphose wird in der Regel
konservativ behandelt. Eine operative Versorgung der Wirbelsäule erfolgt
bei spinaler Stenose. Die Ergebnisse der chirurgischen Therapie sind sehr gut.
Insbesondere bei Knochenverlängerungen muss jedoch über
häufig auftretende Komplikationen aufgeklärt werden. Neue
medikamentöse Behandlungsmethoden zur Wachstumsbeeinflussung befinden
sich in der Entwicklung.
Comparability of C-Peptide Measurements – Current Status and
Clinical Relevance
Authors: Hörber Sebastian , Orth Matthias , Fritsche Andreas , Peter Andreas
Published: January 2023

C-peptide is an increasingly used and established marker for beta cell function
by assessing endogenous insulin secretion. Accurate and comparable C-peptide
measurements are needed in clinical practice and research studies. For example,
to calculate HOMA-indices, the C-peptide/glucose ratio, and the
classification of recently published novel subgroups of diabetes and prediabetes
have used C-peptide measurements. Although the process for standardization of
C-peptide measurements is advanced, its full implementation is still missing;
therefore, the current status of the comparability of C-peptide measurements
using different immunoassays is unclear. Here we compared five widely used
C-peptide immunoassays on different analyzers (Abbott ALINITY i, DiaSorin
Liaison XL, Roche Cobas e411, Siemens Healthineers ADVIA Centaur XPT, and
Immulite 2000 XPi) using serum samples covering the clinically relevant
C-peptide concentration range. Although all investigated immunoassays are
traceable to the international reference reagent for C-peptide (NIBSC code:
84/510), results of C-peptide measurements showed significant
differences between analyzers in the entire concentration range, especially with
increasing C-peptide concentrations. The mean bias was largest (36.6%)
between results of the immunoassays by Roche and Siemens Healthineers (ADVIA
Centaur XPT), and both assays revealed large discrepancies compared to
immunoassays by Abbott, DiaSorin, and Siemens Healthineers (Immulite 2000 XPi).
In contrast, the three latter assays showed similar C-peptide results (mean
bias: 2.3% to 4.2%). Consequently, C-peptide discrepancies might
affect clinical diagnosis and the interpretation of study results. Therefore,
there is an urgent need to implement and finalize the standardization process of
C-peptide measurements to improve patient care and the comparability of research
studies.
Ouratea spectabilis and its Biflavanone Ouratein D Exert Potent Anti-inflammatory Activity in MSU Crystal-induced Gout in Mice
Authors: Rocha Marina P. , Oliveira Diego P. , de Oliveira Vivian L. S. , Zaidan Isabella , Grossi Laís C. , Campana Priscilla R. V. , Amaral Flávio A. , Sousa Lirlândia P. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Braga Fernão C.
Published: January 2023

Gouty arthritis (GA) is an inflammatory arthritis triggered by the deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals, causing pain, inflammation, and joint damage. Several drugs are currently employed to manage acute flares of GA, but they either have limited effectiveness or induce severe adverse reactions. Ouratea spectabilis is traditionally used in Brazil to treat gastric ulcers and rheumatism. The ethanolic extract of O. spectabilis stems (OSpC) and four biflavanones (ouratein A – D) isolated thereof were evaluated in a murine model of GA induced by the injection of MSU crystals. The underlying mechanism of action of ouratein D was investigated in vitro in cell cultures by measurement of IL-1β levels by ELISA and Western blot analysis. The administration of OSpC (10, 30 or 100 mg/Kg, p. o.) reduced the migration of total inflammatory cells, monocytes, and neutrophils and diminished the levels of IL-1β and CXCL1 in the synovial tissue. Among the tested compounds, only ouratein D (1 mg/Kg) reduced the migration of the inflammatory cells and it was shown to be active up to 0.01 mg/Kg (equivalent to 0.34 nM/Kg, p. o.). Treatment of pre-stimulated THP-1 cells (differentiated into macrophages) or BMDMs with ouratein D reduced the release of IL-1β in both macrophage lines. This biflavanone reduced the activation of caspase-1 (showed by the increase in the cleaved form) in supernatants of cultured BMDMs, evidencing its action in modulating the inflammasome pathway. The obtained results demonstrate the anti-gout properties of O. spectabilis and point out ouratein D as the bioactive component of the assayed extract.
Transnasal Endoscopic Approach for Resection of a Cavernous Sinus Cavernous Malformation
Authors: Zhao Lei , Wang Runfeng , Li Zhihong , Ma Bo , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: January 2023

Objectives The complicated anatomy in the parasellar region of the middle cranial fossa renders a surgical challenge in the management of cavernous malformation in this region. We demonstrate the resection of a cavernous malformation in this operative video.

Design The procedure is presented via a surgical instructional video.

Setting The operation was performed by a skull base team in a tertiary neurosurgical center.

Participant A 49-year-old female presented with intermittent headache and right facial numbness for 6 months. Physical examination suggested a decreased sensation of pain, temperature, and light-touch on the right side of the face. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated that a space-occupying lesion located in the middle cranial fossa.

Results Gross total resection was achieved, and the cranial nerve function was preserved.

Conclusion The lesion involving middle cranial fossa should be managed meticulously. Transnasal endoscopic approach is a good option for the resection of the lesion. Simultaneously, the cavernous sinus should be protected to a great extent in case of bleeding and cranial nerve injury.

The link to the video can be found at https://youtu.be/tbN8tuEb6nM (Figs. 1 and 2).
Risk Factors for the Incidence of the Volar Lunate Facet Fragments in Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Mitsuzawa Sadaki , Takeuchi Hisataka , Tsukamoto Yoshihiro , Yamashita Shinnosuke , Ota Satoshi , Onishi Eijiro , Yasuda Tadashi
Published: January 2023

Background The volar lip of the distal radius is the key structure for wrist joint stability. Rigid fixation of the volar lunate facet (VLF) fragment is difficult because of its unique anatomy, and a high rate of postoperative displacement was demonstrated.

Purposes The aim of the study is to identify risk factors for VLF in distal radius fractures (DRFs) and to reconsider the important point for primary fixation.

Patients and Methods One hundred fifty-five patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for an DRF were included and classified into one of the following two groups: VLF(+)or VLF(−). Demographic data, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), laterality, trauma mechanism, and AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification were recorded. Several parameters were investigated using wrist radiographs of the uninjured side and computed tomography scans of the injured side. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors for VLF.

Results There were 25 patients in the VLF(+) group and 130 patients in the VLF(−) group. The incidence of VLF was 16.1%. The VLF(+) group tended to have a higher BMI and higher energy trauma mechanism. The odds ratio for the sigmoid notch angle (SNA), volar tilt (VT), and lunate facet curvature radius (LFCR) were 0.84, 1.32, and 0.70, respectively, with multivariate analysis, which was significant. A smaller SNA, larger VT, and smaller LFCR are potential risk factors for VLF.

Conclusion Over-reduction of the VT at primary fixation should be avoided because it could place an excess burden on the VLF and cause subsequent postoperative fixation failure and volar carpal subluxation.

Level of Evidence IV
History dependence of avalanche dynamics of ferroelectric phase transition in BaTiO3 under external bias field
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Shao Guomang , Zhou Yumei , Wang Yu , Yang Sen , Ding Xiangdong , Sun Jun , Salje E. K. H. , Lookman Turab , Xue Dezhen
Published: January 2023

A ferroelectric phase transition under an external bias electric field after field cooling and zero field cooling in barium titanate single crystals shows scale invariant nucleation and growth of complex domain structures. The avalanche energy exponents vary with the external bias, depending on the cooling history of the sample under applied field or zero field cooling. After field cooling, resulting in a single domain sample, the energy exponent is near the integrated mean field value of 5/3, namely, 1.68 ± 0.022. The sample after field cooling shows the same exponent with an external bias electric field range of up to 4.5 kV/cm. The exponent of a multi-domain sample, after zero field cooling, decreases from ε = 1.85 to the fixed point of 1.66 under high fields. The different behavior is attributed to the greater complexity of domain patterns in the multi-domain sample, which reduces to a single domain state under strong applied fields. Compared with the single-domain state, the multi-domain state has more domain boundaries and the intersections formed by these domain boundaries. These domain boundaries and their intersections will hinder the movement of the phase boundary and act as a pinning effect on the front of the phase interface. The effect is to generate more small energy signals, making the critical exponent high. At the same time, the aftershock time distribution (Omori law) remains the same for all switching conditions with an Omori exponent near −1 and switching time correlations of −1 ± 0.05 for short times (<1 s) and −2 ± 0.10 for long times (>1 s).
Beyond the Bristol book: Advances and perspectives in non-smooth dynamics and applications
Authors: Belykh Igor , Kuske Rachel , Porfiri Maurizio , Simpson David J. W.
Published: January 2023

Non-smooth dynamics induced by switches, impacts, sliding, and other abrupt changes are pervasive in physics, biology, and engineering. Yet, systems with non-smooth dynamics have historically received far less attention compared to their smooth counterparts. The classic “Bristol book” [di Bernardo et al., Piecewise-smooth Dynamical Systems. Theory and Applications (Springer-Verlag, 2008)] contains a 2008 state-of-the-art review of major results and challenges in the study of non-smooth dynamical systems. In this paper, we provide a detailed review of progress made since 2008. We cover hidden dynamics, generalizations of sliding motion, the effects of noise and randomness, multi-scale approaches, systems with time-dependent switching, and a variety of local and global bifurcations. Also, we survey new areas of application, including neuroscience, biology, ecology, climate sciences, and engineering, to which the theory has been applied.
Effect of diurnal feeding times and sources of energy supplementation to optimise rearing of F1 Angus × Nellore young bulls
Authors: Berça Andressa Scholz , Cardoso Abmael da Silva , Fonseca Natália Vilas Boas , Poppi Dennis P. , Tedeschi Luís Orlindo , Micheletti Isabela Rita Coletti , Meireles Willi Rocha , Ruggieri Ana Cláudia , Reis Ricardo Andrade
Published: January 2023

Context Energy supplementation with highly fermentable carbohydrates can be a strategy to maximise the efficiency of nitrogen use (ENU) from high-nutritional value forages. Aims The study aimed to investigate the independent or associated effects of two diurnal feeding times (0900 or 1700 hours) with two sources of energy supplementation (corn or citrus pulp) in the growing of F1 Angus × Nellore young bulls on palisade grass pastures, and their implications on the forage chemical composition, nutrient intake and digestibility, ENU, microbial protein synthesis, animal performance, and gain per area. Methods There were 36 bulls used as experimental animals, with initial bodyweight (BW) of 290 ± 5 kg, and 32 similar bulls were used in a put-and-take system to maintain sward characteristics. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomised design with four treatments and three replications (paddocks). The treatments consisted of energy supplementation at 0.3% BW with corn or citrus pulp fed at 0900 or 1700 hours for four periods of 28 days. For evaluation of ruminal and blood parameters, ENU, intake, and nutrient digestibility, eight ruminal cannulated 1/2 Aberdeen Angus × 1/2 Nellore young bulls were used, with 280 ± 7 kg of initial BW, distributed in a 4 × 4 double Latin square design, consisting of four periods and four treatments. Key results Supplementation at 0.3% of BW with corn or citrus pulp at 0900 or 1700 hours can reach up to 1.06 kg/day of young bulls reared on palisade grass pastures fertilised with 180 kg nitrogen/ha/year and managed at 25 cm of height compared with corn-based supplements. There were no effects on microbial protein synthesis or its efficiency. Conclusions Citrus pulp can be used as an alternative energy source to corn, because it has the same potential for animal performance, ENU and microbial protein synthesis in tropical pastures with a high proportion of soluble protein, and structural and non-fibrous carbohydrates with high dry matter digestibility. Implications Supplementing grazing beef cattle at 0.3% BW with corn or citrus pulp in the morning or afternoon is an efficient nutritional strategy to improve animal performance.
Oxygen vacancy-engineered titanium-based perovskite for boosting H
2
O activation and lower-temperature hydrolysis of organic sulfur
Authors: Wei Zheng , Zhao Mengfei , Yang Zhenwen , Duan Xiaoxiao , Jiang Guoxia , Li Ganggang , Zhang Fenglian , Hao Zhengping
Published: January 2023

Modulation of water activation is crucial to water-involved chemical reactions in heterogeneous catalysis. Organic sulfur (COS and CS
2
) hydrolysis is such a typical reaction involving water (H
2
O) molecule as a reactant. However, limited by the strong O-H bond in H
2
O, satisfactory CS
2
hydrolysis performance is attained at high temperature above 310 °C, which is at the sacrifice of the Claus conversion, strongly hindering sulfur recovery efficiency improvement and pollution emissions control of the Claus process. Herein, we report a facile oxygen vacancy (V
O
) engineering on titanium-based perovskite to motivate H
2
O activation for enhanced COS and CS
2
hydrolysis at lower temperature. Increased amount of V
O
contributed to improved degree of H
2
O dissociation to generate more active -OH, due to lower energy barrier for H
2
O dissociation over surface rich in V
O
, particularly V
O
clusters. Besides, low-coordinated Ti ions adjacent to V
O
were active sites for H
2
O activation. Consequently, complete conversion of COS and CS
2
was achieved over SrTiO
3
after H
2
reduction treatment at 225 °C, a favorable temperature for the Claus conversion, at which both satisfying COS and CS
2
hydrolysis performance and improved sulfur recovery efficiency can be obtained simultaneously. Additionally, the origin of enhanced hydrolysis activity from boosted H
2
O activation by V
O
was revealed via in-depth mechanism study. This provides more explicit direction for further design of efficacious catalysts for H
2
O-involved reactions.
The psychosocial adjustment of care leavers in their transition to adult independent living (El ajuste psicosocial de jóvenes extutelados en su transición a la vida adulta independiente)
Authors: Gullo Federica , García-Alba Laura , Bravo Amaia , del Valle Jorge F.
Published: January 2023

Youths who come of age in out-of-home care are an especially vulnerable population who transition to adulthood quickly, prematurely and with few resources, which hinders their social integration. This, coupled with their experiences of victimization, means that they suffer from more mental health problems, negative self-concept and lower well-being. The objective of this study was to analyse the psychosocial adjustment of care leavers in terms of self-esteem, well-being and behavioural and emotional problems, as well as the influence of certain sociodemographic variables and variables related to their situations on these dimensions. One hundred and fifty care leavers from different Autonomous Communities in Spain participated in the study. The data were collected via a semi-structured interview and several standardized tests. The bivariate and multivariate analyses conducted revealed lower levels of adjustment among girls, the youngest and those with poorer outcomes and lower supports. The results highlight the importance of taking gender approaches and reinforcing the support provided to this population.
The relationship of Amazonian adolescents with natural environments before and during social isolation in the COVID-19 pandemic (La relación de los adolescentes del Amazonas con los entornos naturales antes y después del aislamiento social en la pandemia de COVID-19)
Authors: Gasparetto-Higuchi Maria-Inês , Teixeira-Paz Damaris , Ferrari-Justulin-Zacarias Elisa , Vilar-de-Almeida Renata
Published: January 2023

The research shows the relationship of adolescents with natural environments and some impacts arising from the social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. A face-to-face survey was applied with 277 adolescents (mean = 16.08 years; SD = 1.09) before the pandemic was declared, and during the pandemic 79 of them returned to answer an online survey. The results showed that adolescents had different frequencies of contact with natural environments before social isolation, but in that case, the family was the main mediator. Those who went more often to natural environments and who saw themselves as part of nature were the ones who most missed nature and wanted to go to natural spaces, and were also those who expressed greater concern about environmental problems during the pandemic.
Asymptotically hyperbolic Einstein constraint equations with apparent horizon boundary and the Penrose inequality for perturbations of Schwarzschild-AdS
*
Authors: Khuri Marcus , Kopiński Jarosław
Published: January 2023

We prove the existence of asymptotically hyperbolic solutions to the vacuum Einstein constraint equations with a marginally outer trapped boundary of positive mean curvature, using the constant mean curvature conformal method. As an application of this result, we verify the Penrose inequality for certain perturbations of Schwarzschild Anti-de Sitter black hole initial data.
5D thermal field theory, Einstein field equations and spontaneous symmetry breaking
Authors: Ganesh S
Published: January 2023

It has been shown previously, that the spatial thermal variation of a thermal medium can be recast as a variation in the Euclidean metric. It is now extended to temporal variations in temperature, for a non-relativistic thermal bath, which remains in local thermal equilibrium. This is achieved by examining the thermal field theory in a five-dimensional (5D) space–time–temperature. The bulk thermodynamic quantity, namely the energy density, is calculated for a neutral scalar field with a time-dependent Hamiltonian. Furthermore, the concept of recasting thermal variations as a variation in the metric is extended to thermal systems in a gravitational field. The Einstein field equations, in the 5D space–time–temperature, is determined. It is shown that, if the scalar Lagrangian is non-minimally coupled with gravity, the resulting Ricci scalar can lead to spontaneous symmetry breaking, leading to the Higgs mechanism. In essence, the asymmetry in the distribution of temperature in space–time can translate to spontaneous symmetry breaking of particle fields, in a very strong gravitational field.
Zwitterionic nanocapsules with pH- and thermal- responsiveness for drug-controlled release
Authors: Sun Zhijuan , Yang Lei , Xu Chenchen , Cai Chenxin , Li Li
Published: January 2023

The construction of an environmentally responsive drug-release system is of great significance for the treatment of special diseases. In particular, the construction of nanomaterials with pH- and thermal-responsiveness, which can effectively encapsulate drugs and control drug release, is becoming hot research. In this study, zwitterionic nanocapsules with stable core–shell structures were synthesized by inverse reversible addition-fragmentation transfer miniemulsion interfacial polymerization. To further study the structure and performance of the nanocapsules, the prepared nanocapsules were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light dispersion, and zeta potential analysis. It was found that the nanocapsules had dual pH- and thermal- responsiveness, and the average particle size ranged from 178 to 142 nm when the temperature changed from 25 °C to 40 °C. In addition, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was encapsulated into nanocapsules, and sustained release experiments were conducted at 10 °C and 40 °C. The results showed that nanocapsules as carriers of BSA could achieve the purpose of sustained release of drugs, and showed different sustained release curves at different temperatures. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity tests were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of their biomedical application. It is believed that the dual pH- and thermal- responsive nanocapsules are promising for drug-controlled release.
Improving the performance of quantum approximate optimization for preparing non-trivial quantum states without translational symmetry
Authors: Sun Zheng-Hang , Wang Yong-Yi , Cui Jian , Fan Heng
Published: January 2023

The variational preparation of complex quantum states using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is of fundamental interest, and becomes a promising application of quantum computers. Here, we systematically study the performance of QAOA for preparing ground states of target Hamiltonians near the critical points of their quantum phase transitions, and generating Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states. We reveal that the performance of QAOA is related to the translational invariance of the target Hamiltonian: without the translational symmetry, for instance due to the open boundary condition (OBC) or randomness in the system, the QAOA becomes less efficient. We then propose a generalized QAOA assisted by the parameterized resource Hamiltonian (PRH-QAOA), to achieve a better performance. In addition, based on the PRH-QAOA, we design a low-depth quantum circuit beyond one-dimensional geometry, to generate GHZ states with perfect fidelity. The experimental realization of the proposed scheme for generating GHZ states on Rydberg-dressed atoms is discussed. Our work paves the way for performing QAOA on programmable quantum processors without translational symmetry, especially for recently developed two-dimensional quantum processors with OBC.
Entangled rendezvous: a possible application of Bell non-locality for mobile agents on networks
Authors: Mironowicz P
Published: January 2023

Rendezvous is an old problem of assuring that two or more parties, initially separated, not knowing the position of each other, and not allowed to communicate, are striving to meet without pre-agreement on the meeting point. This problem has been extensively studied in classical computer science and has vivid importance to modern and future applications. Quantum non-locality, like Bell inequality violation, has shown that in many cases quantum entanglement allows for improved coordination of two, or more, separated parties compared to classical sources. The non-signaling correlations in many cases even strengthened such phenomena. In this work, we analyze, how Bell non-locality can be used by asymmetric location-aware agents trying to rendezvous on a finite network with a limited number of steps. We provide the optimal solution to this problem for both agents using quantum resources, and agents with only ‘classical’ computing power. Our results show that for cubic graphs and cycles it is possible to gain an advantage by allowing the agents to use the assistance of entangled quantum states.
Propagation and focusing characteristics of the Bessel–Gaussian beam with the spiral phase term of new power-exponent-phase
Authors: Wang Aotian , Yu Lianghong , Li Jinfeng , Liang Xiaoyan
Published: January 2023

A new type of beam called the NPEP-BG (a Bessel–Gaussian (BG) beam with a spiral phase term of a new power-exponent-phase (NPEP)) is theoretically studied in this paper. The results show that the number of singularities of the phase and side lobes of the intensity of this beam were equal to the topological charges (TCs) and the beam has the characteristics of self-healing during propagation. The NPEP-BG beam combined the partial characteristics of the new power-exponent-phase vortex (NPEPV) and the Bessel–Gaussian beam. At the focus of the beam, the characteristic like a perfect vortex beam was present, in which the focal radius is stable and independent of the topological charge. There are multi-focal spots around a ring in the focal plane, meaning that the NPEP-BG beam has a potential for application in multi-particle manipulation.
Three-dimensional color particle image velocimetry based on a cross-correlation and optical flow method
Authors: Shan Liang , Xiong Jun-Zhe , Shi Fei-Yang , Hong Bo , Jian Juan , Zhan Hong-Hui , Kong Ming
Published: January 2023

Rainbow particle image velocimetry (PIV) can restore the three-dimensional velocity field of particles with a single camera; however, it requires a relatively long time to complete the reconstruction. This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm that combines the fast Fourier transform (FFT) based co-correlation algorithm and the Horn–Schunck (HS) optical flow pyramid iterative algorithm to increase the reconstruction speed. The Rankine vortex simulation experiment was performed, in which the particle velocity field was reconstructed using the proposed algorithm and the rainbow PIV method. The average endpoint error and average angular error of the proposed algorithm were roughly the same as those of the rainbow PIV algorithm; nevertheless, the reconstruction time was 20% shorter. Furthermore, the effect of velocity magnitude and particle density on the reconstruction results was analyzed. In the end, the performance of the proposed algorithm was verified using real experimental single-vortex and double-vortex datasets, from which a similar particle velocity field was obtained compared with the rainbow PIV algorithm. The results show that the reconstruction speed of the proposed hybrid algorithm is approximately 25% faster than that of the rainbow PIV algorithm.
Principle of subtraction ghost imaging in scattering medium
Authors: Fu Qin , Bai Yanfeng , Tan Wei , Huang Xianwei , Nan Suqin , Fu Xiquan
Published: January 2023

Scattering medium in light path will cause distortion of the light field, resulting in poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ghost imaging. The disturbance is usually eliminated by the method of pre-compensation. We deduce the intensity fluctuation correlation function of the ghost imaging with the disturbance of the scattering medium, which proves that the ghost image consists of two correlated results: the image of scattering medium and the target object. The effect of the scattering medium can be eliminated by subtracting the correlated result between the light field after the scattering medium and the reference light from ghost image, which verifies the theoretical results. Our research may provide a new idea of ghost imaging in harsh environment.
Stability analysis of magnetization in a perpendicular magnetic layer driven by spin Hall effect
Authors: Li Zai-Dong , Zhao Xin-Xin , Xu Tian-Fu
Published: January 2023

We investigate the stability of magnetization in free layer where the spin torque is induced by the spin Hall effect. In terms of the Landau–Liftshitz–Gilbert equation, we find the low-energy and high-energy equilibrium states, as well as the saddle points. The stability region is defined in the phase diagram spanned by the current density and the spin Hall angle. The spin Hall effect makes the previous saddle point into a stable state above a critical current. However, in the presence of magnetic field, the spin Hall effect leads to the opposite changes in the stable regions of the two low-energy states.
Three New Spiral Galaxies with Active Nuclei Producing Double Radio Lobes
Authors: Gao X. Y. , Yuan Z. S. , Han J. L. , Wen Z. L. , Shan S. S.
Published: January 2023

Double radio lobes are generally believed to be produced by active nuclei of elliptical galaxies. However, several double-lobed radio sources have been solidly found to be associated with spiral galaxies. By cross-matching ∼9 × 105 spiral galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR8 data with the full 1.4 GHz radio source catalogs of NRAO VLA Sky Survey and Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters, we identify three new spiral galaxies: J0326−0623, J1110+0321 and J1134+3046 that produce double radio lobes, and five double-lobed spirals previously known. By combining the newly discovered and all the other known cases in literature, we confirm the relation that more massive spiral galaxies could produce more powerful radio lobes. We find that most of these spiral galaxies are located in a galaxy group or a poor cluster, in which the environment is denser than in the field, and about half of them are the central brightest galaxies in their parent system. We therefore suggest that the environment is one of the key factors for a spiral to produce double radio lobes.
Two-bands Ising superconductivity from Coulomb interactions in monolayer

NbSe2
Authors: Hörhold Sebastian , Graf Juliane , Marganska Magdalena , Grifoni Milena
Published: January 2023

The nature of superconductivity in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides is still under debate. It has already been argued that repulsive Coulomb interactions, combined with the disjoint Fermi surfaces around the K, Kʹ valleys and at the Γ point, can lead to superconducting instabilities in monolayer

NbSe
2

. Here, we demonstrate the two-bands nature of superconductivity in

NbSe
2

. It arises from the competition of repulsive long range intravalley and short range intervalley interactions together with Ising spin–orbit coupling. The two distinct superconducting gaps, one for each spin-orbit split band, consist of a mixture of s-wave and f-wave components. Their different amplitudes are due to the difference between the normal densities of states of the two bands at the Fermi level. Using a microscopic multiband BCS approach, we derive and self-consistently solve the gap equation, demonstrating the stability of nontrivial solutions in a realistic parameter range. We find a universal behavior of the temperature dependence of the gaps and of the critical in-plane field which is consistent with various sets of existing experimental data.