bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recoverable Versus Unrecoverable Degradations of Gas Turbines Employed in Five Natural Gas Compressor Stations
Authors: Botros K. K. , Hartloper C. , Golshan H. , Rogers D.
Published: August 2015

Gas turbines (GT), like other prime movers, experience wear and tear over time, resulting in decreases in available power and efficiency. Further decreases in power and efficiency can result from erosion and fouling caused by the airborne impurities the engine breathes in. To counteract these decreases in power and efficiency, it is a standard procedure to “wash” the engine from time to time. In compressor stations on gas transmission systems, engine washes are performed off-line and are scheduled in such intervals to optimize the maintenance procedure. This optimization requires accurate prediction of the performance degradation of the engine over time. A previous paper demonstrated a methodology for evaluating various components of the GT gas path, in particular, the air compressor side of the engine since it is most prone to fouling and degradation. This methodology combines gas path analysis (GPA) to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters over the engine cycle followed by parameter estimation based on the Bayesian error-in-variable model (EVM) to filter the data of possible noise due to measurement errors. The methodology quantifies the engine-performance degradation over time, and indicates the effectiveness of each engine wash. In the present paper, the methodology was extended to assess both recoverable and unrecoverable degradations of five GT engines employed on TransCanada's pipeline system in Canada. These engines are: three GE LM2500+, one RR RB211-24G, and one GE LM1600 GTs. Hourly data were collected over the past 4 years, and engine health parameters were extracted to delineate the respective engine degradations. The impacts of engine loading, site air quality conditions, and site elevation on engine-air-compressor isentropic efficiency are compared between the five engines.
A Shape Memory Alloy-Based Morphing Axial Fan Blade—Part I: Blade Structure Design and Functional Characterization
Authors: Fortini Annalisa , Suman Alessio , Aldi Nicola , Merlin Mattia , Pinelli Michele
Published: August 2015

The possibility to realize adaptive structures is of great interest in turbomachinery design, owing to the benefits related to enhanced performance and efficiency. To accomplish this, a challenging approach is the employment of shape memory alloys (SMAs), which can recover seemingly permanent strains by solid phase transformations whereby the so-called shape memory effect (SME) takes place. This paper presents the development of a heavy-duty automotive cooling axial fan with morphing blades activated by SMA strips that works as actuator elements in the polymeric blade structure. Concerning the fan performance, this new concept differs from a conventional viscous fan clutch solution especially during the nonstationary operating conditions. The blade design was performed in order to achieve the thermal activation of the strips by means of air stream flow. Two polymeric matrices were chosen to be tested in conjunction with a commercially available NiTi binary alloy, whose phase transformation temperatures (TTRs) were experimentally evaluated by imposing the actual operating thermal gradient. The SMA strips were then thermomechanically treated to memorize a bent shape and embedded in the polymeric blade. In a specifically designed wind tunnel, the different polymeric matrices equipped with the SMA strips were tested to assess the fluid temperature and surface pattern behavior of the blade. Upon heating, they tend to recover the memorized shape and the blade is forced to bend, leading to a camber variation and a trailing edge displacement. The recovery behavior of each composite structure (polymeric matrix with the SMA strips) was evaluated through digital image analysis techniques. The differences between the blade shape at the initial condition and at the maximum bending deformation were considered. According to these results, the best coupling of SMA strips and polymeric structure is assessed and its timewise behavior is compared to the traditional timewise behavior of a viscous fan clutch.
Dynamic trophic linkages in a large estuarine system — support for supply-driven dietary changes using delta generalized additive mixed models
Authors: Buchheister Andre , Latour Robert J.
Published: August 2015

Trophic dynamics within aquatic systems are a predominant regulator of fish production and an important consideration for implementing ecosystem approaches to fisheries management. We analyzed 10 years of fish diet data from Chesapeake Bay, USA, to (1) evaluate the effects of environmental variables on trophic interactions of 12 common predatory fishes, (2) infer dynamics of four key prey groups (mysids, bay anchovy, bivalves, and polychaetes), and (3) evaluate whether interannual dietary trends were coherent among predators and regulated by prey availability. Based on delta generalized additive mixed models (delta-GAMMs), predator length was the most important covariate in modeling prey consumption. When latitude, temperature, and depth effects were statistically significant, the effects of each variable were largely similar across predators for a given prey. Annual patterns of mysid and bivalve consumption each showed a single, dramatic peak shared by multiple predators with varied feeding preferences and distributional characteristics, but annual trends were not correlated with available survey-based measures of prey availability, likely due to methodological differences. Overall, the coherence in consumption patterns across predators was consistent with supply-driven dynamics controlled by regional and annual changes in prey availability. Also, the novel application of delta-GAMMs to fish diet data was useful in characterizing the dynamics of poorly sampled prey groups and the trophic interactions for ubiquitous species from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.
COMPARISON OF FOUR MOLECULAR TYPING METHODS FOR RIEMERELLA ANATIPESTIFER
Authors: Chen Chiou-Lin , Wang Sin-Tian , Chu Chishih , Wang Shao-Hung
Published: August 2015

The pathogen causing septicaemiae and infectious serositis in waterfowl, Riemerella anatipestifer has been categorized as a member of Flavobacteriaceae by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and at least 21 serotypes have been characterized through serum agglutination test. So far, the molecular determinants for R. anatipestifer serotyping are not clear; moreover, serotype analysis is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To find a better molecular typing method for R. anatipestifer, 58 field isolates collected from sick birds in central Taiwan from 2006 to 2008 were investigated by molecular methods to determine serotype-associated genetic variations. Genetic variations were determined by the methods of ITS nucleotide sequence, OmpA amino acid sequence, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and repetitive-sequence PCR (Rep-PCR). The phylogenetic trees constructed by the ITS region showed nine clusters, while the amino acid sequence of OmpA clustered into seven clusters. OmpA sequence correlated much better with serotyping than ITS, PFGE, and Rep-PCR. Meanwhile, the biofilm formation activity was also tested for serotypes 2 and 8, which were the two largest groups in the study. Serotype 2 isolates showed a higher degree of biofilm formation than serotype 8 isolates. In conclusion, we demonstrated that phylogenetic analysis with OmpA amino acid sequence is an effective tool in epidemiology and may be a candidate method substituting serotyping for R. anatipestifer. Moreover, the biofilm forming activity may play an important role in field transmission of R. anatipestifer.
Obtaining Martensitic Structures during Thixoforming of Hypoeutectic Gray Cast Iron
Authors: Ragazzo Lucas Bertolino , Benati Davi Munhoz , Lopez Nadal Rodolfo , Zoqui Eugênio José
Published: August 2015

The control of parameters such as liquid fraction, holding time, and cooling rate during thixoforming can help control the final microstructure of the thixoformed part, thus improving its mechanical properties. This study intended to investigate conditions required to obtain martensite in hypoeutectic gray cast iron at 3.1% CE (carbon equivalent) deformed in the semisolid state. Samples heated up to 1130, 1135, and 1145°C (liquid fractions of 10, 30, and 45%) were compressed into platens without any holding time (0 s). If a sample presented a martensitic structure for 0 s holding time, new samples were retested at the same temperature for 30, 60, and 90 s holding times. The die casting process was simulated by allowing the platens to become locked after hot compression. Samples that cooled in the locked platens were submitted to higher cooling rates than samples that cooled with the platens open and presented martensite instead of the conventional ferrite and pearlite. Thus, the factor that had the greatest influence on the formation of martensite was the cooling rate rather than stress. The thixoforming process presented good morphological stability, which is highly desirable for industrial applications.
Improvement in Depressive Symptoms Is Associated with Reduced Oxidative Damage and Inflammatory Response in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Subsyndromal Depression: The Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Psychoeducation, Physical Exercise, and Enhanced Treatment as Usual
Authors: Vučić Lovrenčić Marijana , Pibernik-Okanović Mirjana , Šekerija Mario , Prašek Manja , Ajduković Dea , Kos Jadranka , Hermanns Norbert
Published: August 2015

Aims. To examine one-year changes in oxidative damage and inflammation level in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing behavioral treatment for subsyndromal depression.Materials and Methods. A randomized controlled comparison of psychoeducation (A), physical exercise (B), and enhanced treatment as usual (C) was performed in 209 eligible subjects in a tertiary diabetes care setting. Depressive symptoms (primary outcome) and selected biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation (secondary outcomes) were assessed at baseline and six- and twelve-month follow-up.Results. Out of the 74, 67, and 68 patients randomised into groups A, B, and C, respectively, 201 completed the interventions, and 179 were analysed. Participants in all three groups equally improved in depressive symptoms from baseline to one-year follow-up (repeated measures ANOVA;F=12.51,p<0.0001,η2=0.07). Urinary 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (u-8-oxodG) decreased (F=10.66,p<0.0001,η2=0.06), as did sialic acid and leukocytes (F=84.57,η2=0.32andF=12.61,η2=0.07, resp.;p<0.0001), while uric acid increased (F=12.53,p<0.0001,η2=0.07) in all subjects during one year. Improvement of depressive symptoms at 6 months significantly predicted one-year reduction in u-8-oxodG (β=0.15,p=0.044).Conclusion. Simple behavioral interventions are capable not only of alleviating depressive symptoms, but also of reducing the intensity of damaging oxidative/inflammatory processes in type 2 diabetic patients with subsyndromal depression. This trial is registered withISRCTN05673017.
Genetic and Diet-Induced Obesity Increased Intestinal Tumorigenesis in the Double Mutant Mouse Model Multiple Intestinal Neoplasia X Obese via Disturbed Glucose Regulation and Inflammation
Authors: Ngo Ha Thi , Hetland Ragna Bogen , Nygaard Unni Cecilie , Steffensen Inger-Lise
Published: August 2015

We have studied how spontaneous or carcinogen-induced intestinal tumorigenesis was affected by genetic or diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J-ApcMin/+X C57BL/6J-Lepob/+mice. Obesity was induced by theobese(ob) mutation in thelepgene coding for the hormone leptin, or by a 45% fat diet. The effects of obesity were examined on spontaneous intestinal tumors caused by themultiple intestinal neoplasia(Min) mutation in theadenomatous polyposis coli(Apc) gene and on tumors induced by the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). F1 ob/ob (homozygous mutated) mice had increased body weight (bw) and number of spontaneous and PhIP-induced small intestinal tumors (inApcMin/+mice), versus ob/wt (heterozygous mutated) and wt/wt mice (homozygous wild-type). A 45% fat diet exacerbated bw and spontaneous tumor numbers versus 10% fat, but not PhIP-induced tumors. Except for bw, ob/wt and wt/wt were not significantly different. The obesity caused hyperglucosemia and insulinemia in ob/ob mice. A 45% fat diet further increased glucose, but not insulin. Inflammation was seen as increased TNFαlevels in ob/ob mice. Thus the results implicate disturbed glucose regulation and inflammation as mechanisms involved in the association between obesity and intestinal tumorigenesis. Ob/ob mice had shorter lifespan than ob/wt and wt/wt mice.
A Probabilistic Fixed Point Result Using Altering Distance Functions
Authors: Zaharia Claudia , Ćirović Nataša
Published: August 2015

We prove a general fixed point theorem in Menger spaces for mappings satisfying a contractive condition of Ćirić type, formulated by means of altering distance functions. Thus, we extend some recent results of Choudhury and Das, Miheţ, and Babačev and also clarify some aspects regarding a theorem of Choudhury, Das, and Dutta.
Spaces of the Past: Emotional Discourses of ‘Zavičaj’ (Birthplace) and Nation in Yugoslav and Post-Yugoslav Popular Music
Authors: Baker Catherine
Published: August 2015

This paper explores how approaches based on emotion and ‘affect’, and approaches based on language and discourse, may complement each other in understanding the relationship between music and spatio-temporal collectivities in Yugoslavia and its successor states. The study of popular music in this area has concentrated particularly (though not exclusively) on two kinds of collectivity, one of these being ‘the nation’ and the other being ‘Yugoslavia’ as a transnational collectivity that may still exist culturally although no longer exists politically. Accounting for the affective or emotional dimension of music casts attention on another level of collectivity, the ‘zavičaj’ (‘birthplace’), which exists simultaneously as material landscape and a web of directly experienced social relations, through which notions of origin, ancestry and home can all be evoked. To remember the zavičaj is not to access a fixed impression of this space in the past but to construct a present memory of the past space. The emotions this evokes may be easily transferable on to the nation or may perhaps place the intimate zavičaj and the abstract nation in an antagonistic relationship. Evaluating textual and ‘affective’ approaches to understanding one particular mode of remembering the zavičaj in ex-Yugoslav/post-Yugoslav popular song, the paper argues that musicians and songwriters from the regions discussed here established a coherent set of emotional discourses that invited active remembering. Although during and after the break-up of Yugoslavia these practices became open to co-option as a means of evoking the nation (an abstract collectivity made up of multiple zavičaji), the zavičaj should still be recognised as a distinct form of collectivity that music researchers should treat as a level of analysis in its own right. More research is, however, needed on the differences in how emotional discourses of the zavičaj have been expressed in popular music from region to region.
An Evaluation of Thunderstorm Observations in Southern Ontario Using Automated Lightning Detection Data
Authors: Huryn Steven , Gough William , Butler Ken , Mohsin Tanzina
Published: August 2015

High-impact weather events, such as thunderstorms and their associated hazards, are aspects of a changing climate that are likely to have an adverse effect on society. Southern Ontario is Canada’s most populated region as well as the region of Canada that receives the most thunderstorms. Before completing climatological studies of thunderstorms in southern Ontario, it is important to determine whether historical thunderstorm data are reliable. Archived thunderstorm data are available from eight 24-h-staffed weather stations across southern Ontario. The data may be subject to observer bias. This study compared the manual observations of thunderstorms with automated data from the Canadian Lightning Detection Network. It was found that the data that are based on the manual observations are reliable enough that any significant trends in thunderstorm occurrence over time should be apparent. Because of the small-scale nature of thunderstorms, however, the data may only be valid for small distances (up to 10 km) around each weather station. A diurnal bias was also discovered, with manual thunderstorm observations being slightly better at night.
Pancultural Gender Differences in the Relation Between Perceived Parental Acceptance and Psychological Adjustment of Children and Adult Offspring
Authors: Ali Sumbleen , Khaleque Abdul , Rohner Ronald P.
Published: August 2015

This cross-cultural meta-analysis is based on 220 studies involving 33,081 respondents from 23 nations across five continents. The study addressed a major question drawn from the basic postulates of interpersonal acceptance–rejection theory (IPARTheory): Is the psychological adjustment of both males and females universally (i.e., panculturally) associated with children’s and adults’ perceptions of both maternal and paternal acceptance in childhood? To remain true to the major postulates of IPARTheory (formerly known as parental acceptance–rejection theory, PARTheory), all studies included in this meta-analysis used the Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire for Mothers and Fathers (Child and Adult PARQ: Mother and Father versions), as well as the Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Child and Adult versions). Results showed that both paternal and maternal acceptance correlate significantly with the psychological adjustment of both children and adults across all cultures. The study also showed that there are no gender differences in the relation between children’s perception of parental acceptance and their psychological adjustment. However, remembrances of maternal acceptance in childhood showed significantly stronger relations with adult sons’ current psychological adjustment than that of adult daughters. Moreover, remembrances of paternal acceptance in childhood were found to have significantly stronger relations with adult daughters’ psychological adjustment than did daughters’ remembrances of maternal acceptance.
Practical Teaching Aids for Online Classes
Authors: Kontos George
Published: August 2015

The seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education, developed by Arthur Chickering and Zelda Gamson, will be reviewed. The use of technology, especially web-based online technology, to apply these principles in teaching and learning will be examined; an example of such an implementation in an online computer class will be given together with some very specific teaching aids that can successfully be used in online classes; and further suggestions for successful online teaching will be discussed. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future implementations will be also discussed.
PowerPoint Outside Class
Authors: Garrett Nathan
Published: August 2015

How well does PowerPoint support learning outside class? This project answers this question by data mining a large dataset of 1,413 PowerPoint files from 54 professors. PowerPoint text and image data were combined with course and faculty data, as well as server logs indicating how many times each file was downloaded. The results show that slide images do not lead to increased downloads. Instead, slides with a large number of concise bullet points were downloaded at higher rates. This suggests that slide best practices need to be revisited for learning outside class.
Corporate personhood and the corporate body: the case of former energy giant Enron on trial for fraud
Authors: Walenta Jayme
Published: August 2015

This paper queries the concept of corporate personhood by investigating how metaphors of the body were deployed in court testimony during Enron's corporate fraud trial in 2006. Two distinct metaphors are discussed as they relate to representations of the corporation: the portrayal of Enron as an organic body in ill health and death, and the metonymic positioning of the former CEOs as Enron. Drawing from critical economic geographies and legal literatures on the attribution of corporate personhood, I ask, what are the implications of these metaphorical associations for how we understand who has access to the legal rights of corporations? In answering this, I suggest that for the defense, body metaphors contributed to a naturalization of corporate personhood, upholding its legal protections and claiming those protections for the former CEOs. The prosecution rejected this singular metaphorical corporate body, opting for a corporation that was diffuse and occupied by many. From this, I argue that these diverging representations denaturalize corporate personhood, calling into question who has access to its protections in a criminal court. Furthermore, such diverging metaphorical uses of the corporation as a body reaffirm the contested and constructed nature of legal personhood.
Resilience governance and ecosystemic space: a critical perspective on the EU approach to Internet security
Authors: Kaufmann Mareile
Published: August 2015

Since the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) promoted the image of the Internet as ‘interconnection ecosystem’, Internet security has been increasingly conceptualised through the language of resilience—the capacity to self repair. This paper uses performativity and relational space as theoretical lenses to analyse the political effects that ENISA's redefinition of the Internet entails. It argues that the Internet ecosystem is not only used to conceptualise the Internet as a heterogeneous, complex space, but also to legitimise resilience as a new security practice. The first section traces the trajectory of different discursive framings of the Internet as space and introduces the premise of understanding the Internet ecosystem through performativity and relational space. The paper then utilises this framework to conduct an analysis of the Internet ecosystem on the basis of a selection of ENISA's technical and policy documents. It explores infrastructural and political dimensions and discusses their correlated forms of resilience governance. It concludes that the reconceptualisation of the Internet as ecosystem is a highly political move, which also changes the notion of security. If security governance becomes a matter of facilitating distributed self-repair, security is not a state of being protected, which is how we often think about cyberspace, but it is self-made, processual, emergent, and strictly temporal.
Field recording and the sounding of spaces
Authors: Gallagher Michael
Published: August 2015

This paper concerns the spatial functions of field recordings, defined as audio recordings of the myriad soundings of the world. I suggest that field recordings are doing geographical work outside the usual academic repertoire of texts, numbers, maps, and images, and develop this idea through four arguments. First, I amplify the diversity of ways in which field recordings are used, distinguishing between four styles with different spatialities. Second, I argue that field recordings are both representational and performative, their playback doubling or hybridising space in the present through sound performed by an ensemble of audio machines. Third, following Elizabeth Grosz, I suggest that this performative reiteration of worldly vibration can be affectively potent. Field recordings thus demonstrate that representation and affect need not be opposed. Finally, I argue that field recordings can be understood as contributing to the production of space. Drawing on Lefebvre, I make a political-economic analysis of field recording, drawing attention to underlying processes of labour. The paper includes audio clips to demonstrate some of these arguments.
Letting the right ones in: Whitelists, jurisdictional reputation, and the racial dynamics of online gambling regulation
Authors: Bedford Kate
Published: August 2015

Using a case study of a recent UK whitelist intended to regulate online gambling, I examine the affective politics of listing. I pay particular attention to the racial dynamics of black and white listing. By charting how the gambling whitelist worked and failed to work as a tool in the designation of jurisdictional reputation, I argue that the use and subsequent abandonment of the whitelist shows the centrality of racial dynamics to listing practices. This is particularly evident in relation to how the list was deployed in debates about the trustworthiness of the Kahnawá:ke territory and Antigua and Barbuda. In the final section I explore the racialised affective practices forged after the demise of the online gambling whitelist. Although non-listing techniques of governance look to be expanding, in the form of increased surveillance of individual players, lists continue to play a key role in the UK government’s new model of gambling regulation. I suggest that this confirms the continuing importance of black and white lists as techniques of governance, and the value of exploring them and their racialised implications together.
Opposing the opposition? Binarity and complexity in political resistance
Authors: de Vries Leonie Ansems , Rosenow Doerthe
Published: August 2015

This article explores dimensions of political action that transgress the limitations of traditionally modern, opposition-focused conceptualisations. While there has been a turn to new non-oppositional ontologies in the last decades, there has been less exploration of what this could mean concretely for a political activism that aims to go beyond mere ‘micropolitical’ transformation. To address this lack, this article examines the tensions between binarity and complexity through an engagement with political resistance against genetically modified organisms. This brings to light that the ontology of complexity pursued by some anti-genetically modified organism activists is ultimately grounded in a binarisation of both politics (one is either ‘for’ or ‘against’ genetically modified organisms) and life (which is either ‘natural’ or ‘unnatural’). Whilst problematic, this binarisation also informs the success of anti-genetically modified organism activism. An engagement with the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari, especially through the notion of the ‘encounter’, brings out this paradox and serves to radicalise the ontology of complexity argued for by anti-genetically modified organism activists in order to open up different avenues for thinking about and ‘doing’ political resistance.
Darkness, travel and landscape: India by fire- and starlight, c1820–c1860
Authors: Baker Julian CT
Published: August 2015

Scholars have written and theorised landscape mainly by the light of day. Not only does such a perspective bypass a significant portion of human experience, it conflicts with some past diurnal routines of dwelling and mobility, such as mid-nineteenth century colonial travel in India. This article studies the interpretations of two English travellers – Emma Roberts and Charles Acland – under conditions of darkness and illumination: by campfire, torchlight and starlight. Specifically, it merges insights from a growing nightscape literature with the scenic sensibilities these travellers imported to India, such as the picturesque and notions of India as oriental and tropical. It argues that darkness and illumination amplified these travellers’ aesthetic impressions by fostering collective experience, optically altering colours and furnishing imaginative leeway.
In the face of epistemic injustices?: on the meaning of people-led war crimes tribunals
Authors: Boyle Mark , Kobayashi Audrey
Published: August 2015

This paper seeks to render intelligible the meaning of the vibrant tradition of people-led war crimes tribunals (PWCTs) which has emerged in the past half a century. Drawing upon recent postcolonial critiques of extant literature on geographies of care and responsibility, and informed by Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL), we question the capacity of the international legal system to provide justice for ‘others’ (especially subaltern and colonised communities) at a distance. We situate PWCTs in the context of the claim that the international legal system is systemically contaminated because it is conceptually Western. We interrogate the seminal Russell Tribunal on Vietnam (1966–67) and in so doing are led to place under scrutiny the postcolonial and dialectical ethics which characterised the work of French philosopher, literary giant, and political activist Jean-Paul Sartre before, during, and after his tenure as Executive President of this tribunal. We argue that insofar as PWCTs speak subaltern truth to power, they work to decentre the Western ethical, legal, and juridical canon and confront insidious epistemic injustices. We conclude that any search for a postcolonial ethics to guide caring from afar can both inform and be informed by PWCTs.
Imagery Induction Processes Differentially Impact Imagination Inflation
Authors: Bays Rebecca B. , Zabrucky Karen M. , Foley Mary Ann
Published: August 2015

Imagining a fictitious childhood event can lead to a false belief in that event’s occurrence, an effect called imagination inflation. However, the nature of imagery induction can vary considerably and such differences have not been systematically addressed in the literature. In the current study, participants provided confidence ratings for a series of events before and after imagery exercises. We manipulated imagery instructions (guided vs. prompted, a between-subjects factor) as well as event valence (positive vs. negative, a within-subjects factor). Results revealed inflation effects only under guided imagery instructions with negative events being the most susceptible to inflation. Interestingly, a portion of our sample (24%) experienced decreases in confidence following imagery or imagination deflation. Content analyses of imagery reports provided a more thorough understanding of inflation and deflation effects within a source monitoring framework.
On the Christological Determination of Augustine’s Theology of Love
Authors: Westerholm Martin
Published: August 2015

This article seeks to show that recent deployments of Augustine’s theology of love as an alternative to, or resource within, contemporary liberalism are typified by attempts to use Christologically-grounded reconsiderations of the relation between the Creator and the creature to respond to the suggestion that Augustine cannot accommodate love of creaturely goods. It then argues that these attempts rest on abstract understandings of divine presence that issue from a breakdown of distinctions between Christology, ecclesiology and the theology of creation. It concludes by suggesting that Augustine’s theology of love is best approached by considering the relation of Augustine’s Christology and pneumatology, for this relation makes a Christologically-conditioned notion of justice constitutive of Christian loving in a way that is generative for consideration of both Augustine’s theology of love and his relation to contemporary liberalism.
Pathogenesis and diagnosis of delayed‐type drug hypersensitivity reactions, from bedside to bench and back
Authors: Schrijvers Rik , Gilissen Liesbeth , Chiriac Anca Mirela , Demoly Pascal
Published: August 2015

Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) have been present since the advent of drugs. In particular T‐cell mediated delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions represent a heterogeneous clinical entity with a diverse pathogenesis and result in a considerable burden of morbidity and mortality not only driven by the reactions themselves but also by the use of alternatives which are sometimes less effective or even more dangerous. Diagnostic procedures rely on clinical history, skin testing and potential provocation testing, whereas validated in vitro diagnostic procedures are still lacking for most of them. Recent work in the field of pharmacogenomics combined with basic scientific research has provided insights in the pathogenesis of abacavir and carbamazepine hypersensitivities linked with certain human leucocyte antigen risk alleles. Nevertheless, important scientific questions on how other DHR arise and how host‐drug interactions occur, remain unanswered. Recent work indicates an intricate relation between host, drug and pathogens in severe cutaneous and systemic reactions and provides more insights in the role of regulatory T‐cells and viral reactivation in these reactions. In this review we focus on type IV delayed‐type DHR, and address recent advances in the pathogenesis, pharmacogenomics, and diagnosis of these reactions with an emphasis on the understandings arising from basic research.
“Where there is fire, there is politics”: Ungovernability and Material Life in Urban South Africa
Authors: Chance Kerry Ryan
Published: August 2015

This article combines theories of liberal governance, material life, and popular politics to examine the unruly force of fire in state-citizen struggles. Tracking interactions between state agents and activist networks during South Africa’s celebrated democratic transition, I analyze how the urban poor leverage the material properties of fire to secure techno-institutional claims to energy infrastructure, and more broadly to political inclusion and economic redistribution. I highlight how fire, as a social and historical as well as a chemical process, becomes a staging ground for the promise and endangerment of infrastructure. Approaching fire as intertwined with power, I argue, illuminates how those living on the margins of the city come to inhabit political roles that transform economic relationships in the context of liberalism.
What is a Situation?: An Assemblic Ethnography of the Drug War
Authors: Zigon Jarrett
Published: August 2015

In this essay, I offer a new conception of situation through a delineation of the situation named the drug war and the politics that have emerged out of it. I explore how what I have learned from the anti–drug war movement in terms of what they see themselves addressing, how they address it, and how their manner of organization may help anthropologists rethink their own objects of study. I hope to show that the concept of situation significantly adds to anthropological knowledge because it allows us to consider that which is widely diffused across different global scales as a nontotalizable assemblage, but yet in its occasional and temporary local manifestation allows us to understand how persons and objects that are geographically, socioeconomically, and culturally distributed get caught up in the shared conditions that emerge from the situation. Furthermore, this conception is offered in response to recent concerns within and beyond anthropology that new and creative attempts must be made in the analysis of and engagement with the worlds we study. I argue that by being attuned to hidden potential in the worlds we research, and creatively and speculatively conceptualizing such potential, we can offer a uniquely anthropological contribution and engagement in social and political projects of becoming otherwise.
Hybrid Avatar-Agent Technology – A Conceptual Step Towards Mediated “Social” Virtual Reality and its Respective Challenges
Authors: Roth Daniel , Latoschik Marc Erich , Vogeley Kai , Bente Gary
Published: August 2015

Driven by large industry investments, developments of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies including unobtrusive sensors, actuators and novel display devices are rapidly progressing. Realism and interactivity have been postulated as crucial aspects of immersive VR since the naissance of the concept. However, today’s VR still falls short from creating real life-like experiences in many regards. This holds particularly true when introducing the “social dimension” into the virtual worlds. Apparently, creating convincing virtual selves and virtual others and conveying meaningful and appropriate social behavior still is an open challenge for future VR. This challenge implies both, technical aspects, such as the real-time capacities of the systems, but also psychological aspects, such as the dynamics of human communication. Our knowledge of VR systems is still fragmented with regard to social cognition, although the social dimension is crucial when aiming at autonomous agents with a certain social background intelligence. It can be questioned though whether a perfect copy of real life interactions is a realistic or even meaningful goal of social VR development at this stage. Taking into consideration the specific strengths and weaknesses of humans and machines, we propose a conceptual turn in social VR which focuses on what we call “hybrid avatar-agent systems”. Such systems are required to generate i) avatar mediated interactions between real humans, taking advantage of their social intuitions and flexible communicative skills and ii) an artificial social intelligence (AIS) which monitors, and potentially moderates or transforms ongoing virtual interactions based on social signals, such as performing adaptive manipulations of behavior in intercultural conversations. The current article sketches a respective base architecture and discusses necessary research prospects and challenges as a starting point for future research and development.
Synthesis, structure and in vitro cytotoxic activity of two organotin complexes of 2-phenyl-1,2, 3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid
Authors: Tian Laijin , Kong Lingdong , Zhang Changfa
Published: August 2015

Two organotin complexes of 2-phenyl-1,2, 3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid, {[
Evaluation of Control of Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum) with Tillage and Herbicides
Authors: Grey Timothy L. , Webster Theodore M. , Li Xiao , Anderson William , Cutts George S.
Published: August 2015

Napiergrass has potential as a cellulosic biofuel crop because of its rapid growth habit in the southern United States. However, it is also listed as a potential invasive species by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. For field renovation, information about napiergrass control in response to tillage and herbicides is required. Field studies were initiated to evaluate control of napiergrass established in fields for over 3 yr at Plains, GA, and Tifton, GA. For tillage and POST herbicides, imazapyr plus glyphosate consistently controlled napiergrass relative to diclosulam plus glyphosate, sulfentrazone plus glyphosate, or tillage in terms of visual injury, stem height and dry biomass reduction. One application of imazapyr plus glyphosate controlled napiergrass 74 and 94%, and reduced plant stem height to 6 and 15% of the nontreated control. When diclosulam plus glyphosate, sulfentrazone plus glyphosate, or tillage was used alone with no sequential herbicides, napiergrass control ranged from 12 to 33%; when these control tactics were followed by two sequential applications of either sethoxydim or glyphosate, napiergrass control varied from 45 to 99%. Reductions in plant heights were reflective of injury 47 d after final herbicide applications (May/June). Napiergrass yield in dry biomass production was reduced by imazapyr plus glyphosate ≥ 86% relative to the nontreated control (NTC). Diclosulam plus glyphosate, sulfentrazone plus glyphosate, or tillage alone was not effective in reducing napiergrass dry biomass yields ranging from 1 to 47% compared with the NTC; when these treatments were followed by sequential applications of sethoxydim or glyphosate, napiergrass dry biomass was reduced 46 to 91% compared with the NTC. Tillage plus two applications of sethoxydim or glyphosate exhibited control potential because they provided levels of napiergrass control similar to imazapyr-based treatments. Tillage plus multiple applications of sethoxydim or glyphosate offers flexibility to crop rotations as compared with the residual herbicide imazapyr, which has many crop rotation restrictions because of carryover concerns.
Magnetic Referencing and Real-Time Survey Processing Enables Tighter Spacing of Long-Reach Wells
Authors: Maus Stefan , Deverse Jarod Shawn
Published: August 2015

Positional uncertainty in wellbores is caused by numerous error sources and propagates in magnitude along the measured depth of the wellbore. This can be problematic when planning or drilling closely spaced long-reach wells while still satisfying collision avoidance policies. The ellipses of uncertainty associated with surveys acquired by standard Measurement While Drilling (MWD) tools are often too large to enable adequate separation factors between wells. MWD tools are instruments mounted inside the bottom hole assembly (BHA) and use an accelerometer and magnetometer sensor package to determine the inclination and magnetic azimuth while drilling. The magnetic azimuth is used to calculate a true (geographic) azimuth by adding the declination angle from a geomagnetic reference model. The largest sources of error in standard MWD survey are inaccuracies in the global geomagnetic reference model and magnetic interference from the BHA. These error sources can be reduced significantly by using a local geomagnetic In-Field Referencing (IFR) model and by subsequently applying multi-station analysis (MSA) corrections to the raw survey measurements.

IFR models are computed from locally acquired aeromagnetic measurements of the geomagnetic field. By solving LaPlace's equation, a 3D magnetic model of the local crustal magnetic anomalies is produced. This greatly improves the resolution and accuracy of the geomagnetic reference field used to determine wellbore direction. Once the geomagnetic reference field is accurately specified by IFR, magnetic interference from the drill string can be identified and removed through MSA correction. Decreasing the ellipses of uncertainty of the wellbore position will reduce collision risk, improve confidence in geological modeling, and maximize reservoir recovery.
Wear properties of hybrid AlSi12 matrix syntactic foams
Authors: Májlinger Kornél
Published: August 2015

Hollow sphere reinforced aluminum matrix composites – so-called syntactic foams – were produced by means of low pressure infiltration. Commercial AlSi12 aluminum alloy was applied as the matrix material. The overall volume fraction of the reinforcing iron (GM) and ceramic (GC) hollow spheres was maintained at ∼64 vol.%, but their ratio was varied in 20 vol.% steps between 100 %GM-0 %GC and 0 %GM-100 %GC reinforcement composition. The wear properties of the produced specimens were investigated using the pin-on-disk method in dry and lubricated conditions. In the case of dry sliding conditions, the coefficient of friction increased with the ceramic reinforcement content. The pure iron reinforcement showed the lowest coefficient of friction and also the lowest wear rate. From the point of view of the worn surface, the full GC reinforcement was found to be the most promising with relatively smooth surfaces and low amount of wear debris. Based on the discussed results, aluminum matrix syntactic foams would be promising materials for moderately loaded sliding parts.
Consistency of Learning Bayesian Network Structures with Continuous Variables: An Information Theoretic Approach
Authors: Suzuki Joe
Published: August 2015

We consider the problem of learning a Bayesian network structure given n examples and the prior probability based on maximizing the posterior probability. We propose an algorithm that runs in O(n log n) time and that addresses continuous variables and discrete variables without assuming any class of distribution. We prove that the decision is strongly consistent, i.e., correct with probability one as n ! 1. To date, consistency has only been obtained for discrete variables for this class of problem, and many authors have attempted to prove consistency when continuous variables are present. Furthermore, we prove that the “log n” term that appears in the penalty term of the description length can be replaced by 2(1+ε) log log n to obtain strong consistency, where ε > 0 is arbitrary, which implies that the Hannan–Quinn proposition holds.
Metal Hydrides for High-Temperature Power Generation
Authors: Rönnebro Ewa , Whyatt Greg , Powell Michael , Westman Matthew , Zheng Feng , Fang Zhigang
Published: August 2015

Metal hydrides can be utilized for hydrogen storage and for thermal energy storage (TES) applications. By using TES with solar technologies, heat can be stored from sun energy to be used later, which enables continuous power generation. We are developing a TES technology based on a dual-bed metal hydride system, which has a high-temperature (HT) metal hydride operating reversibly at 600–800 °C to generate heat, as well as a low-temperature (LT) hydride near room temperature that is used for hydrogen storage during sun hours until there is the need to produce electricity, such as during night time, a cloudy day or during peak hours. We proceeded from selecting a high-energy density HT-hydride based on performance characterization on gram-sized samples scaled up to kilogram quantities with retained performance. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to make performance predictions for cylindrical hydride beds with varying diameters and thermal conductivities. Based on experimental and modeling results, a ~200-kWh/m3 bench-scale prototype was designed and fabricated, and we demonstrated the ability to meet or exceed all performance targets.
Bioactive Compounds of Blueberries: Post-Harvest Factors Influencing the Nutritional Value of Products
Authors: Michalska Anna , Łysiak Grzegorz
Published: August 2015

Blueberries, besides having commonly-recognized taste properties, are also a valuable source of health-promoting bioactive compounds. For several decades, blueberries have gained in popularity all over the world, and recent years have seen not only an increase in fresh consumption, but also in the importance of blueberries for the processing industry. Blueberry processing mostly consists of freezing and juicing. Recently, more attention has been drawn to dewatering and drying, which are promising areas for developing novel blueberry products. Processing affects each biologically-active compound in a different way, and it is still unknown what changes those compounds undergo at the molecular level after the application of different processing technologies. This work presents the most recent state of knowledge about the pre-treatment and processing methods applied to blueberries and their influence on the content of biologically-active compounds. The presentation of methods is preceded by a brief overview of the characteristics of the blueberry species, a description of the chemical composition of the fruit and a short note about the main growing areas, production volumes and the management of fruit crops.
Nanoelectromechanical Switches for Low-Power Digital Computing
Authors: Peschot Alexis , Qian Chuang , Liu Tsu-Jae
Published: August 2015

The need for more energy-efficient solid-state switches beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors has become a major concern as the power consumption of electronic integrated circuits (ICs) steadily increases with technology scaling. Nano-Electro-Mechanical (NEM) relays control current flow by nanometer-scale motion to make or break physical contact between electrodes, and offer advantages over transistors for low-power digital logic applications: virtually zero leakage current for negligible static power consumption; the ability to operate with very small voltage signals for low dynamic power consumption; and robustness against harsh environments such as extreme temperatures. Therefore, NEM logic switches (relays) have been investigated by several research groups during the past decade. Circuit simulations calibrated to experimental data indicate that scaled relay technology can overcome the energy-efficiency limit of CMOS technology. This paper reviews recent progress toward this goal, providing an overview of the different relay designs and experimental results achieved by various research groups, as well as of relay-based IC design principles. Remaining challenges for realizing the promise of nano-mechanical computing, and ongoing efforts to address these, are discussed.