bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a universal preschool-based program for emotional education in 3- to 5-year-old children with autism spectrum conditions
Authors: Bartroli Montse , Clotas Catrina , Bosque-Prous Marina , Espelt Albert
Published: December 2023

The “1,2,3,emoció!” is a universal preschool program of emotional education for children aged 3–5 years that has positive effect on emotional competence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this program specifically in 3- to 5-year-old children with autism spectrum conditions. The effectiveness was evaluated during the first year of implementation (school year 2018–2019) in Barcelona. We conducted a cluster randomized community trial, with schools as units of randomization. The children’s level of emotional competence was evaluated with the validated Emotional Competence Assessment Questionnaire (score range from 30 to 180). We designed a linear regression model for paired measures. The dependent variable was the final Emotional Competence Assessment Questionnaire score adjusted by the initial score, sex, and grade. The sample consisted of 49 children with autism spectrum conditions, of which 11 were girls. Children in the intervention group showed an increase from the initial score to the final score that was almost three times higher (16.1) than the increase observed in children in the comparison group (6.6). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant, with 8.9 points (95% confidence interval: 1.2–16.6) attributed to the intervention. We conclude that the “1,2,3,emoció!” universal program has the potential to be effective in children with autism spectrum conditions.

Lay abstract

There are numerous programs and interventions to improve social and emotional skills that expressly target children with autism spectrum conditions. However, there is less knowledge about the impact of universal (directed to all children) school programs of emotional education specifically on these children. In this context, the aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of the “1,2,3,emoció!” universal school program on them. The results show that children with autism spectrum conditions participating in the program improved their emotional competence more than the ones who did not participate. Therefore, we conclude that the “1,2,3,emoció!” universal program is effective in children with autism spectrum conditions. This promising outcome gives the opportunity to these children to benefit from group learning in an inclusive school setting, by complementing individual interventions with a universal program.
How punitive is pretrial? Measuring the relative pains of pretrial detention
Authors: Anderson Claudia N. , Cochran Joshua C. , Montes Andrea N.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of pretrial incarceration is not punishment. Yet, research demonstrates that pretrial detention elicits similar consequences as punishment. The goal of this study is to advance theory and policy discussions by enumerating the experiences and harms that emerge during pretrial detention and how closely they align with punishment. The analyses use the National Inmate Survey, 2011–2012 to compare the experiences of those held in pretrial detention to those incarcerated in jail or prison after a conviction. Individuals in pretrial detention report more disorderly environments than people in prisons, but also report more access to external social support and better views of staff legitimacy. The self-reported experiences of people in pretrial detention and those in jail as punishment are generally indistinguishable. The results provide considerable support for the argument that pretrial detention is inextricably punitive and, especially at its current scale, likely undermines system objectives of justice and public safety.
Planetary gardening via female-led anthologies of women’s poetry in French
Authors: Finch-Race Daniel A. , Gosetti Valentina
Published: December 2023

This article showcases the fruitfulness of cross-fertilizing geographical and literary methods to address the complexities of women’s poems being compiled into an anthology – a process of negotiation compounded by male domination of the canon. Inspired by Gilles Clément’s reflections on the ‘planetary garden’, we radically posit female-edited poetry anthologies as a prism for rethinking ecosystem management. Focussing on three landmark collections of French-language women’s writings, we illustrate how a wide variety of cultural production is essential for a flourishing future, just as greater biodiversity enhances an ecoregion’s resilience in the face of stressors like air pollution or heat shock. Within this experimental interdisciplinary framework, two main questions are explored: first, how an appreciation of anthologies through ecopoetics propels scalar thinking about issues to do with the climate crisis and social justice; second, what happens when a poem is transplanted into an anthological milieu, where a plurality of distributed agencies gives a collective sense of becoming more than just a sum of distinctive parts. Proposing an innovative model whereby a ‘poem-flower’ takes root in an ‘anthology-garden’, our article ultimately argues that paying attention to female-led anthologizations’ diversifying role can enhance thinking about ecological sustainability as much as social inclusion.
Tidal volume expandability and ventilatory efficiency as predictors of mortality in Taiwanese male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A 10-year follow-up study – Is V̇O2peak or FEV1% the gold standard?
Authors: Chuang Ming-Lung , Wang Yu-Hsun
Published: December 2023

Despite our knowledge of the risk factors for mortality associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the mortality rate for this condition continues to increase. This study aimed to investigate the predictive power of physiological variables on all-cause mortality in COPD patients compared to peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2peak) and forced expired volume in one second (FEV1). We conducted a retrospective study of 182 COPD patients with complete lung function tests, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), and survival data. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality. The median follow-up period was 6.8 (IQR 3.9-9.2) years. Out of the 182 patients in our study, sixty-two (34.1%) succumbed to various causes. Of these, 27.4% ( n = 17) experienced acute exacerbations, 24.2% ( n = 15) had advanced cancer, and 12.9% ( n = 8) had cardiovascular disease as the primary cause of death. Another 25.8% ( n = 16) passed away due to other underlying conditions, while 6.5% ( n = 4) had an unknown cause of death. One patient's demise was attributed to a benign tumor, and another's to a connective tissue disease. The ratio of tidal volume to total lung capacity (VTpeak/TLC) and the ratio of minute ventilation and [Formula: see text]O2 at nadir ([Formula: see text]E/[Formula: see text]O2nadir) (AUR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.91) were superior predictors of all-cause mortality compared to [Formula: see text]O2peak and FEV1%. A mortality prediction formula was derived using these variables. This study highlights the potential of VTpeak/TLC and [Formula: see text]E/[Formula: see text]O2nadir as predictive markers for COPD all-cause mortality in COPD. CPET is an effective tool for evaluating COPD mortality; however, the predictive equation requires further validation.
Unraveling the Sweet Secrets of HCC: Glucometabolic Rewiring in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bhat Sheraz Ahmad , Farooq Zeenat , Ismail Hagar , Corona-Avila Irene , Khan Md. Wasim
Published: December 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary form of liver cancer. It causes ∼ 800 000 deaths per year, which is expected to increase due to increasing rates of obesity and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Current therapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, but these therapies are not satisfactorily effective and often come with multiple side effects and recurrences. Metabolic reprogramming plays a significant role in HCC progression and is often conserved between tumor types. Thus, targeting rewired metabolic pathways could provide an attractive option for targeting tumor cells alone or in conjunction with existing treatments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel targets involved in cancer-mediated metabolic reprogramming in HCC. In this review, we provide an overview of molecular rewiring and metabolic reprogramming of glucose metabolism in HCC to understand better the concepts that might widen the therapeutic window against this deadly cancer.
Coil embolization alone appears sufficient for middle meningeal artery embolization
Authors: Iyer Ankitha M. , Venkataraman Sidish S. , Kittel Carol A. , Fargen Kyle M.
Published: December 2023

Background

Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) has shown promise as an alternative treatment for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH); however, the most effective procedural technique is debated. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of coil embolization as a stand-alone technique for MMAE in cSDH.

Methods

A single-center retrospective analysis was performed of patients who underwent MMAE for chronic SDH with coil embolization alone.

Results

Forty-five patients were included in the study. All underwent successful stand-alone coil MMAE, of which 51.1% were bilateral. Indications for MMAE were varied, but 13.3% of patients required ongoing anticoagulation and another 11.1% had severe thrombocytopenia. Conscious sedation or no sedation was used in 73.2% of patients; 10 patients (22.2%) were scheduled electively and discharged same day. There were no severe or minor procedural complications identified. Of the 45 patients, only 3 (6.6%) underwent unplanned repeat surgical intervention: one patient developed a large recurrence at eight weeks after MMAE and underwent burr hole drainage; the second patient received burr hole drainage prior to MMAE but needed repeat burr hole drainage two weeks later due to residual; the third patient received two burr hole drainages at two and three weeks post MMAE due to persistent disease.

Conclusion

Stand-alone MMAE with coiling can be performed under conscious sedation as an outpatient procedure and may be sufficient to prevent cSDH recurrence in most cases without the need for particle penetration of cSDH microvascular beds. Larger confirmatory studies are necessary.
Periprocedural antiplatelet medication assessed by VerifyNow for neuroendovascular treatment: Comparison of prasugrel with clopidogrel
Authors: Nambu Kosuke , Misaki Kouichi , Uno Takehiro , Tsutsui Taishi , Kamide Tomoya , Nakada Mitsutoshi
Published: December 2023

Objective

The maintenance dose of prasugrel (PRAS) for neuroendovascular treatment requires much research. We report the antiplatelet effect of PRAS measured by VerifyNow P2Y12 reaction units (PRUs) in patients during the perioperative period of neuroendovascular treatment.

Methods

Between January 2017 and January 2023, 230 patients who underwent endovascular treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms or carotid artery stenosis at our institution were retrospectively identified. Patients received dual antiplatelet therapy with 100 mg aspirin (ASA) and 75 mg clopidogrel (CLP)/day (CLP group, n = 186) or 100 mg ASA and 3.75 mg PRAS/day (PRAS group, n = 44) 2 weeks before the procedures. The PRU value was compared between the CLP and PRAS groups. In the study, we defined 95≦PRU < 208 as the optimal range. Perioperative complications within seven days of surgery were also analyzed.

Results

The mean value of PRU was significantly low in the PRAS group (179.13 ± 66.03 in CLP vs. 154.75 ± 54.01 in PRAS, p = 0.024). The proportion of the patients who exhibited 95≦PRU < 208 was significantly higher in the PRAS group (55.4% vs. 72.7%, p = 0.036). Ischemic and hemorrhagic complication rates were not significantly different between the CLP and PRAS groups (7.6% vs. 0%, p = 0.076; 4.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.361). The ischemic complication rate was higher in patients with a PRU > 208 than in those with PRU < 208 (12.5% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.044). The hemorrhagic complication rate was not significantly different between the PRU < 95 and 95≦PRU groups (8.4% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.224).

Conclusions

Maintenance dose PRAS further decreased the PRU value and reached the optimal range in more cases than CLP during the perioperative period of neuroendovascular treatment. Ischemic complications significantly increased in the 208 < PRU group.
The Inversion Problem: Why Algorithms Should Infer Mental State and Not Just Predict Behavior
Authors: Kleinberg Jon , Ludwig Jens , Mullainathan Sendhil , Raghavan Manish
Published: December 2023

More and more machine learning is applied to human behavior. Increasingly these algorithms suffer from a hidden—but serious—problem. It arises because they often predict one thing while hoping for another. Take a recommender system: It predicts clicks but hopes to identify preferences. Or take an algorithm that automates a radiologist: It predicts in-the-moment diagnoses while hoping to identify their reflective judgments. Psychology shows us the gaps between the objectives of such prediction tasks and the goals we hope to achieve: People can click mindlessly; experts can get tired and make systematic errors. We argue such situations are ubiquitous and call them “inversion problems”: The real goal requires understanding a mental state that is not directly measured in behavioral data but must instead be inverted from the behavior. Identifying and solving these problems require new tools that draw on both behavioral and computational science.
Value of human epididymis secretory protein 4 in differentiating malignant from benign pleural effusion: an analysis of two cohorts
Authors: Yang Qian , Niu Yan , Wen Jian-Xun , Yang Dan-Ni , Han Yu-Ling , Wen Xu-Hui , Yan Li , Huang Jin-Hong , Chen Hong , Zheng Wen-Qi , Jiang Ting-Wang , Hu Zhi-De
Published: December 2023

Background:

Lung cancer is the most common cause of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Serum human epididymis secretory protein 4 (HE4) is a useful diagnostic marker for lung cancer.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid HE4 for MPE.

Design:

A prospective, double-blind diagnostic test accuracy study.

Methods:

Patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion were enrolled in two cohorts (Hohhot and Changshu). Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect pleural fluid HE4. The diagnostic accuracy of HE4 was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the net benefit of HE4 was assessed by a decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results:

A total of 66 MPEs and 86 benign pleural effusions (BPEs) were enrolled in the Hohhot cohort. In the Changshu cohort, 26 MPEs and 32 BPEs were enrolled. In both cohorts, MPEs had significantly higher pleural fluid HE4 than BPEs. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of HE4 was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64–0.81) in the Hohhot cohort and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.67–0.91) in the Changshu cohort. At a threshold of 1300 pmol/L, HE4 had sensitivities of 0.44 (95% CI: 0.33–0.56) in the Hohhot cohort and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.35–0.73) in the Changshu cohort. The corresponding specificities were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.83–0.95) in the Hohhot cohort and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.84–1.00) in the Changshu cohort. In subgroup analyses, HE4 had an AUC (95% CI) of 0.78 (0.71–0.85) in exudates and an AUC of 0.69 (0.57–0.81) in patients with negative effusion cytology. The DCA revealed that HE4 determination had a net benefit in both cohorts.

Conclusion:

Pleural fluid HE4 has moderate diagnostic accuracy for MPE and has net benefit in pleural effusion patients with unknown etiology.
The ‘Mini-Jupette’ technique for climacturia: a systematic review
Authors: Ioannis Mykoniatis , Stavros Tsiakaras , Eliophotos Savvides , Georgios Langas , Anastasios Anastasiadis , van Renterghem Koenraad , Robert Andrianne
Published: December 2023

Background:

The leakage of urine during sexual arousal, known as climacturia, is an under-recognized clinical condition often overshadowed by erectile dysfunction in men who have undergone radical prostatectomy.

Objectives:

This study aims to determine and evaluate the role of the Mini-Jupette technique and its alternatives in the treatment of climacturia.

Data sources and methods:

We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. We searched Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases until October 2022.

Results:

We included seven studies involving 120 patients with climacturia. Different types of grafts were used, ranging from synthetic mesh to autologous grafts. In all seven studies, the use of the Adrianne Mini-Jupette (AMJ) and its alternatives showed a high percentage of improvement in climacturia, with reported complete resolution ranging from 65% to 93%. Regarding postoperative complications, one study reported the highest sling explantation rate at 11% (4/38), while other studies reported complications ranging from subjective symptoms such as dysuria and perineal pain to the need for subsequent artificial urinary sphincter placement.

Conclusion:

The AMJ sling and its variations are low-cost, time-efficient, and relatively safe procedures with high patient satisfaction rates among those treated for climacturia.
The Impact of Physical and Environment Factors on Parental Presence for Oral Feeding in New Zealand Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Bakker Lise , Jackson Bianca , Miles Anna
Published: December 2023

Aim:

To identify physical environmental factors influencing family involvement in feeding in New Zealand neonatal units.

Background:

Infant oral feeding development is critical for both short-term feeding skills and longer term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The neonatal environment is well-known as challenging for neuroprotection due to negative sensory exposure. The impact of environmental factors on oral feeding in New Zealand (NZ) neonatal units is currently unexplored, and knowledge of this could allow for evidence-based unit design.

Methods:

Focused ethnography at five neonatal units, a national survey of NZ neonatal professionals ( n = 102), and five focus groups were carried out. Current oral feeding practice, and beliefs, experiences, and opinions of unit staff and family about these practices were explored. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results:

Units were providing the best experience to families that they could with the resources they had available. Lack of physical space, lack of privacy, limited on-site accommodation for families, and lack of coordination between maternity and neonatal services were identified as impacting on family’s comfort and sense of homeliness on the unit. Unit staff used furniture, screens, and external accommodation providers to support families where they could.

Conclusions:

The physical design of neonatal units in New Zealand provides barriers to family’s spending time privately developing oral feeding. Solutions are proposed to increase the size of bedspaces, provide single-family rooms, create greater on-site family accommodation options, combine maternity and neonatal healthcare, and improve family comfort and therefore connection with their infant.
Mini Open Fasciotomy for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome: A Prospective Case Series
Authors: Baumfeld Daniel , Silva Matheus , Simões Ana Paula , Baumfeld Tiago
Published: December 2023

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a challenging pathology that causes pain and physical limitations. Fasciotomy is the gold standard and different techniques have been described. Techniques that allow a fast return to sports and low recurrence rates are of great interest for the athletic population. This is a prospective case series presenting a mini open surgical technique and its results regarding the level of return to sports and quality of life in 13 patients. A specific CECS questionnaire was applied and analyzed concerning the distance patients were able to run before and after treatment, Tegner score, Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and epidemiological measures. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. The mean distance the patients were able to run per week following the surgical treatment improved from 14.1 to 38.1 km (P = .042) and the mean Tegner score improved from 3.92 to 7.08 (P = .01). Notably, 12 out of 13 patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the outcome. In this sample, the mini open technique improved patients’ sports performance and quality of life and minimized pain. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome can be safely approached using a mini open technique with a good rate of satisfaction and return to sport.

Levels of Evidence: IV
The judgment of the CJEU in Inspektor (Purposes of the processing of personal data – criminal investigations) of 8 December 2022 and the concept of further processing under the Law Enforcement Directive
Authors: Bonetto Giacomo
Published: December 2023

In the context of criminal law enforcement and cooperation, the fundamental right to the protection of personal data is not complemented by the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679 – ‘GDPR’), but by the national law implementing Directive (EU) 2016/680 (‘LED’) together with other pieces of EU legislation. The preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-180/21 Inspektor (Purposes of the Processing of Personal Data – Criminal Investigations) delivered by the Fifth Chamber on 8 December 2022 is the first judgment in which the Court considered the LED beyond its scope of application. It represents an important milestone for data protection law in the area of criminal law enforcement. This paper will provide an analysis of the main findings of the judgment, with particular focus on the concept of “further processing” and a first reflection on the consequences it may have on the work of competent authorities such as public prosecutors.
Impact of magnesium supplementation on clinical outcome and disease progression of patients with diabetic nephropathy: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Halawa Nihal , Elsaid Tamer Wahid , El Wakeel Lamia Mohamed , Shawki May Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Background:

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is closely linked with proteinuria.

Objectives:

To assess the impact of oral Mg citrate supplementation on the clinical outcome of diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients.

Design:

This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label study.

Methods:

Sixty DN patients were recruited from Nephrology and Endocrinology departments, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. Patients were assigned by stratified randomization based on their Mg status, to either Mg citrate group, ( n = 30), who received the standard regimen + oral Mg citrate 2.25 g/day or Control group, ( n = 30), who received the standard regimen only. The primary endpoint was a change in urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) after 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were insulin resistance, glycemic control, lipid profile, serum osteocalcin, quality of life (QoL) and Mg tolerability.

Results:

Out of a total of 60 patients enrolled, only 54 patients (26 in Mg citrate group and 28 in the control group) completed the study. Groups were comparable at baseline. The UACR median percent reduction was significantly higher in the Mg citrate group (−6.87%) versus (−0.9%) in the Control group, p = 0.001. After 12 weeks, the estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly improved in the Mg citrate group versus Control group ( p = 0.001). Comparable change was observed in glycemic indices. Lipid profile significantly improved in the Mg citrate group versus Control group ( p = 0.001). Serum osteocalcin levels significantly declined in the Mg citrate group ( p = 0.001) versus control group. Regarding QoL, the total score and all domains significantly improved in the Mg citrate group compared to control. The Mg supplement was tolerable with only mild reported side effects that required no intervention.

Conclusion:

Oral Mg citrate supplementation improved microalbuminuria in DN patients. It also had favorable effects on serum osteocalcin, lipid profile and QoL with no reported major side effects.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03824379.
Bridging the gap between science and the humanities: A study of Wang Jinkang's universe-themed science fiction
Authors: Li Xiang
Published: December 2023

This paper discusses several of Wang Jinkang's science-fiction works on the subject of the universe, such as With Me, Escape from the Mother Universe, Heavenly Father and Earthly Mother and Cosmic Crystal Egg. Based on an analysis of these works and Wang's creative writing trajectory, the paper summarizes the distinctive features of such universe-themed works: scientific rationality, fairy-tale-style plot setting, human–God duality and rational humanistic compassion. It concludes that Wang's works have not only crossed the gap between science and the humanities but also built a bridge between the two. Finally, this paper suggests that science-fiction writers provide a unique perspective for the reader by building a bridge between science and the humanities.
Association Between Directors With Foreign Experience and Firms’ Environmental Disclosure
Authors: Su Wunhong , Hu Xingxing , Zhang Liuzhen
Published: December 2023

Environmental concerns garner global attention, with firms in developing nations responsible for addressing these issues effectively. Environmental disclosure is a prominent aspect of this responsibility, which has become crucial to corporate practice in these nations. This study explores directors’ foreign experience’s influence on a firm’s environmental information disclosure. Data from listed firms in China, a developing country, are employed for this analysis. Using an empirical model, we investigate the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate a trend among firms to favor directors with foreign experience, given their apparent inclination toward environmental information disclosure. However, it’s been observed that corporate governance tends to weaken the positive correlation between hiring directors with foreign experience and environmental information disclosure. This positive association is particularly evident in firms with weak financing constraints, those subjected to strict environmental regulations, and state-owned enterprises. Our study offers valuable insights for managers and decision-makers in developing countries, particularly regarding managing corporate social responsibility and facilitating green transitions in response to environmental regulations. It aids top-tier management in bolstering their internal strategies to optimize their contribution to environmental sustainability. This study, therefore, presents a valuable exploration into the role of directors with foreign experience in influencing firms’ environmental information disclosure.
Breaking the Mold-Analyzing Gender Stereotyping in the Workplace Through Bibliometric and Content Analysis
Authors: Raj Punam , Pandey Mrinalini , Khatoon Asrana
Published: December 2023

This review’s objective is to analyze the literature on gender stereotypes in the workplace, focusing on its conceptual and intellectual evolution, growth trajectory, and key works. The authors used a bibliometric analysis, examining 214 documents from Scopus covering the years 1986 to 2022. The results show that knowledge in this field has evolved dramatically over the past three decades, with a particular increase in research since 2010. The co-citation analysis identifies three main study areas: “the underlying characteristics which distinguish women and men attributes,”“women at the workplace as leaders” and “challenges faced by women in the workplace.” Overall, the review highlights the significant progress made in understanding and addressing gender stereotypes in the workplace over the past few decades. The study’s limitations include its reliance on bibliometric analysis, which only provides information about research trends and not specific research outcomes. Additionally, the study only included English- language documents from the Scopus database, potentially excluding relevant publications from other sources.
Do Morality-Based Individual Differences and Relational Climates Matter? Ethical Leadership and Knowledge Hiding: A Multilevel Framework
Authors: Shahid Hina , Chaudhry Shafaq Arif , Abbas Furrakh , Ghulam Hassan Saira , Aslam Shoaib
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study is to uncover how and when ethical leadership impacts knowledge hiding behavior. First, by examining the individual level morality-based characteristics (moral identity and reflective moral attentiveness) as separate and serial mediators concerning ethical leadership and knowledge hiding (level 1). Second, by investigating the moderating role of team- level relational climates in relation to ethical leadership and knowledge hiding (level 2). Time- lagged design was used to collect data through a structured questionnaire from 300 employees of Information Technology (IT) organizations in Pakistan. Level 1 findings revealed a significant and negative relationship of ethical leadership with knowledge hiding. Follower’s individual level morality-based characteristics served as individual and serial mediators to ethical leadership and knowledge hiding. Level 2 of the study only found the moderating role of team communal sharing climate in relation to ethical leadership and knowledge hiding. The study brings to fore the “morality-based perspective” for understanding knowledge hiding at the workplace.
The PSI-20: Development of a Viable Short Form Alternative of the Problem Solving Inventory Using Item Response Theory
Authors: Pretorius Tyrone B. , Heppner P. Paul , Padmanabhanunni Anita , Isaacs Serena Ann
Published: December 2023

In previous studies, problem solving appraisal has been identified as playing a key role in promoting positive psychological well-being. The Problem Solving Inventory is the most widely used measure of problem solving appraisal and consists of 32 items. The length of the instrument, however, may limit its applicability to large-scale surveys consisting of several instruments. This study investigated the possibility of reducing the number of items in the inventory using item response theory. We used the automated item selection procedure in Mokken analysis which identified 12 items as unscalable or loading on a separate scale or violating invariant item ordering. Rasch analysis, Mokken analysis, and classical test theory were then used to investigate the psychometric properties of the shorter version of the instrument. The results supported the reliability, validity, and dimensionality of the three subscales in the shortened version. The shortened version of the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI-20) and its subscales had very strong relationships with the original scale and its subscales, and the correlation of the total scale and the subscales of the shortened version with related variables was very similar to the relationships that the original scale and the subscales had with those same variables. The PSI-20 is thus beneficial in identifying changes in metacognition related to problem solving ability and can provide a basis for further intervention.
How Does Socio-technical Landscape Affect the Formation of Technical Standards?
Authors: Liang Tian , Mao Hongying , Tan Yujiao , Sun Bing
Published: December 2023

The formation of technical standards is a complex process that involves the integration of various technical resources and organizational resources. It is influenced by multiple factors. This paper focuses on four independent variables, namely market size, economic environment, infrastructure construction, and government support, which are regarded as different dimensions of the socio-technical landscape. Additionally, R&D investment is introduced as a mediator variable to construct a model that examines the role of the socio-technical landscape in the formation of technical standards. Empirical tests are conducted using relevant data from the 4G technology in China’s mobile communication industry. The study reveals that there is a positive causal relationship between market size, economic environment, infrastructure development, government support, and technology standards. Furthermore, it finds that R&D investment plays a significant mediating role between the economic environment and technology standards, infrastructure development and technology standards, and government support and technology standards. These findings provide valuable insights for enterprises and governments in promoting the formation of technical standards.
Cost Benefit of Implementation of Risk Stratification Models for Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Williamson Tyler K. , Kummer Nicholas A. , Pellisé Ferran , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Serra-Burriel Miguel , Smith Justin S. , Line Breton , Vira Shaleen , Gum Jeffrey L. , Haddad Sleiman , Sánchez Pérez-Grueso Francisco Javier , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Daniels Alan H. , Chou Dean , Klineberg Eric O. , Gupta Munish C. , Kebaish Khaled M. , Kelly Michael P. , Hart Robert A. , Burton Douglas C. , Kleinstück Frank , Obeid Ibrahim , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Alanay Ahmet , Ames Christopher P. , Schwab Frank J. , Hostin Richard A. , Bess Shay ,   International Spine Study Group
Published: December 2023

Study Design/Setting

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective

Assess the extent to which defined risk factors of adverse events are drivers of cost-utility in spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.

Methods

ASD patients with 2-year (2Y) data were included. Tertiles were used to define high degrees of frailty, sagittal deformity, blood loss, and surgical time. Cost was calculated using the Pearl Diver registry and cost-utility at 2Y was compared between cohorts based on the number of risk factors present. Statistically significant differences in cost-utility by number of baseline risk factors were determined using ANOVA, followed by a generalized linear model, adjusting for clinical site and surgeon, to assess the effects of increasing risk score on overall cost-utility.

Results

By 2 years, 31% experienced a major complication and 23% underwent reoperation. Patients with ≤2 risk factors had significantly less major complications. Patients with 2 risk factors improved the most from baseline to 2Y in ODI. Average cost increased by $8234 per risk factor (R2 = .981). Cost-per-QALY at 2Y increased by $122,650 per risk factor (R2 = .794). Adjusted generalized linear model demonstrated a significant trend between increasing risk score and increasing cost-utility (r2 = .408, P < .001).

Conclusions

The number of defined patient-specific and surgical risk factors, especially those with greater than two, were associated with increased index surgical costs and diminished cost-utility. Efforts to optimize patient physiology and minimize surgical risk would likely reduce healthcare expenditures and improve the overall cost-utility profile for ASD interventions. Level of evidence: III
Women’s Knowledge and Practice Towards Breast Cancer in Nagaland, Northeast India
Authors: Nakhro Khriesivonuo , Roy Abhishikta Ghosh , Chatterjee Diptendu , Bandyopadhyay Arup Ratan
Published: December 2023

With the rising incidence of breast cancer, it is imperative to assess awareness of breast cancer in various groups. Being the most frequently occurring life-threatening malignancy and the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality, its upsurge calls for concern and awareness of factors associated with it. A cross-sectional design was carried out in Kohima and Dimapur districts of Nagaland. Purposive and Convenience sampling methods were adopted to select 250 women in the age group of 20 years and above. Specially prepared structured questionnaire was administered through interviews. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS software (16.0). Test of associations applied chi-square statistical tool. P ( p value) less than or equal to .05 was considered a significant association. A little more than half (58%) were aware that a painless lump in the breast is a risk to breast cancer, while 42% were not aware about any signs and symptoms. Only 3.2% reported practicing Breast Self-Examination, however, not on regular basis. Education of a person shows a significant association with breast cancer knowledge from the present study. The result shows a considerable number of participants remaining oblivious of breast cancer issues and those who have knowledge are yet to render their knowledge and attitudes into practice.
Pandemic Impact on Internships: Did Business Interns Pivot Effectively to Meet Employer Expectations?
Authors: Ortiz Lorelei Amanda
Published: December 2023

This study explores pandemic impact on internships during the Spring 2020 semester when Covid lockdowns began. Using anonymized data from a Spring 2020 Business Internship course, this study details the breadth of the impact and uses employer exit survey data from intern performance reviews to assess how effectively business interns were able to pivot to successfully complete the internship and to meet employer expectations around key soft skills performance areas. Included in the conclusion are implications and practical suggestions for preparing students for success in the ever-changing landscape of internships.
Inferring “high-frequent” mixed urban functions from telecom traffic
Authors: Tang Jintong , Cheng Ximeng , Liu Aihan , Huang Qian , Zhou Yinsheng , Huang Zhou , Liu Yu , Xu Liyan
Published: December 2023

Precise distinction of mixed functions on urban land is essential for urban studies and planning, while existing methods are limited by high sampling bias, low observation frequency, and lack of semantic information in common data sources. In this paper, we introduce a new proxy for human behavior, the telecom traffic data as a remedy to the above limitations, and present an analytical framework which utilizes anonymized and aggregated telecom traffic data to infer mixed urban functions at spatiotemporal granularities as fine as buildings and hours. A time-series decomposition method is designed to map the mixture of urban functions, which is further refined by a hierarchical agglomerative clustering method taking urban textures as an additional source of information. In a case study in Shenzhen, China, we find the function of urban buildings can be decomposed into the mixture of three basic functions, namely dwelling, work, and recreation. We further find that the introduction of urban texture information helps identify particular forms of functional combination, which indicate special-function buildings such as urban villages and roadside shops. This study implies ways to improve urban management through methodological contributions in mixed urban function identification alongside the introduction of the telecom traffic, a kind of “high-frequency” urban data, and also helps inspire a rethinking of the form/function dichotomy in the era of “High-frequent” cities.
Folk art, storytelling, and space: Collective memory and pesticide exposure
Authors: Adams Alison E , Saville Anne , Shriver Thomas E
Published: December 2023

Extant research regarding collective memory has established the importance of examining how socially constructed memories shape group identities, lived experiences, and realities over time. In addition, collective memory scholars have underscored the inextricable and co-shaping linkages between space, place, and collective memory. However, comparatively less is known about how collective memories are constructed and articulated in cases of environmental exposures. We argue that it is important to investigate the ways in which exposed communities preserve their stories and how their collective memories influence efforts to seek redress as well as push for broader social change. We examine a case of historical pesticide exposure and related illnesses and mortality among farmworkers in Central Florida. We ask how exposed communities translate their experiences into a cohesive collective memory, how cultural artifacts preserve their stories in the broader discursive context, and how they utilize various histories as a form of health activism. We draw on data including ten years of farmworker blog entries, in-depth interviews, and media coverage. Our analysis revealed how farmworkers created artifacts representative of their memories of environmental exposures and illnesses, as well as how they translated these experiences into a cohesive collective memory.
Indigenous Peoples Organisations’ Approaches to Social and Community Development in Cambodia
Authors: Ngai Phyllis
Published: December 2023

Although Indigenous peoples’ organisations (IPOs) are positioned to make vital contributions to the social and community development of Indigenous peoples (IPs), the development-studies literature offers limited research about IPOs’ approaches and unique contributions to development as defined by IPs. This article explores the roles of IPOs in social and community development involving Indigenous populations in Cambodia. This case study of six IPOs, involving 46 semi-structured interviews and four focus group discussions, captures leadership perspectives on desired development for Indigenous communities and the ways in which IPOs can contribute to achieving community goals. The analysis shows common goals and strategies and the gaps to be addressed by the IPOs. The study argues that Cambodian IPOs complement one another in advancing local development and raising Indigenous voices at the national level. However, the civic space for bringing about sustainable social change is shrinking. Similar Indigenous contexts in other countries may find the analysis useful.
Harvesting the Quadriceps Tendon With a Minimally Invasive Approach
Authors: Pires Diego , Monteiro Leonardo , Rego Marcelo Cabral Fagundes , de Souza Gustavo Luiz Pezzi Costa , de Paula Rafael Erthal , Pádua Vitor Barion Castro de , Goes Rodrigo de Araújo , Salim Rodrigo , Soares Francisco Rafael do Couto , Rocha de Faria José Leonardo
Published: December 2023

Background:

This article describes a standardized, minimally invasive approach for harvesting the quadriceps tendon through a 2 to 3 cm transverse skin incision, presenting it as a viable option.

Indications:

This procedure is indicated for patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, or lateral collateral ligament reconstruction surgery using soft tissue quadriceps grafts.

Technique Description:

A transverse incision is made on the anterior face of the knee, followed by a longitudinal incision of the central third of the rectus femoris. We perform the distal detachment of the patella of the same tendon. Then, the tendon is extracted using a closed stripper. The graft is prepared and folded on itself, resulting in a double graft.

Results:

Twenty patients, 16 male and 4 female with complete rupture of ACL, were submitted to an ACL reconstruction using the quadriceps soft tissue graft with minimally invasive harvesting technique. The results were satisfactory for all patients. All patients showed good evolution in the immediate and late postoperative period, with no cases of joint stiffness, wound dehiscence, and no infections.

Discussion/Conclusion:

We can conclude that harvesting the quadriceps tendon with a minimally invasive approach is a valid and reliable option for the treatment of ligament tears of the knee.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form.
Modified Lip Lift Technique for Pediatric Columellar Reconstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Layon Sarah A. , Burns Heather R. , Wang Daniel S. , Buchanan Edward P.
Published: December 2023

The nasal columella presents one of the most intricate challenges in facial reconstruction due to its unique contours and limited availability of adjacent tissue. Several surgical techniques exist for successful columellar reconstruction, and the choice of approach depends on factors such as the size of the defect, surgical expertise, and overall esthetic goals. In cases involving substantial columellar defects, or deformities affecting multiple nasal subunits, local or regional flaps are often necessary to achieve optimal reconstruction. In this report, the authors present a case of pediatric columellar reconstruction utilizing a modified local flap technique derived from the upper lip lift used in esthetic surgery for facial rejuvenation and lip enhancement. This method distinguishes itself from previous adaptations by remaining entirely subnasal, without extending beyond the width of the alar base, disrupting the philtrum, or disturbing the orbicularis oris muscle. This technique offers notable advantages for pediatric patients, such as its ability to minimize scarring, prevent additional deformities, and be performed in a single stage.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case study.
Exploring Self-Perception and Peer-Perception in Adolescents With Secondary Cleft Lip Deformities Using Eye-Tracking
Authors: Rizvi Imran , Jackson Sarah A. , Kane Alex A. , Hallac Rami R.
Published: December 2023

Background:

Patients with cleft lip often have a secondary cleft-lip deformity (SCLD), resulting from the initial repair procedure for their congenital cleft. Patients with SCLD often undergo multiple surgeries to achieve symmetry of the lip and nose. However, little is known about how patients perceive their deformity, and if those deformities are noticeable to their peers. The purpose of this study is to use eye-tracking to evaluate how patients with cleft lip repair look at themselves and evaluate how this perception changes when the same photo is perceived by 2 different cohorts: patients who have undergone cleft-lip surgeries and control subjects who have no craniofacial pathology.

Methods:

Participants were divided into 4 cohorts: adolescents with SCLD viewing images of themselves (Cohort 1), adolescents with SCLD viewing images of peers with SCLD (Cohort 2), adolescents without SCLD viewing images of peers with SCLD (Cohort 3), and healthy adolescents without SCLD viewing images of themselves (Cohort 4). Surveys were conducted after the eye-tracking portion to determine correlations between objective gaze data and subjective opinions.

Results:

Total fixation duration was highest in the eye region for all 3 cohorts, followed by the upper lip region. Cohort 2 fixated the longest on all areas of pathology, while Cohort 1 fixated the least on all areas of pathology. Cohort 4 spent significantly more time looking at the nose bridge compared to Cohort 1.

Conclusions:

The results provide insight into how adolescents with SCLD are perceived by themselves and others and can help to better understand the complexities of the roles different areas of pathology play in self-perception.