bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mehmet Gjevori: Frazeologji shqipe, Prishtinë 1968
Authors: Thomaj Jani
Published: December 2023

Më 1968 doli në qarkullim libri i Mehmet Gjevorit «Frazeologji shqipe»*, botuar në Prishtinë. Qëllimet, që e kanë udhëhequr në pregatitjen e këtij libri, autori i jep në parathënje. Pikësëpari, ai do të vërtetojë edhe një herë se gjuha shqipe, veçanërisht të folurit e popullit, është shumë e pasur me këto shprehje, të cilat i japin të folurit më tepër saktësi e gjallëri. Pastaj këto materiale ai i sjell për të ndihmuar sadopak edhe ata që merren me shkrime e përkthime, për të pasuruar e për të zbukuruar stilin e vet me larminë e madhe të mjeteve shprehëse të gjuhës sonë, për të nxitur të rinjtë e në radhë të parë arësimtarët, që shërbejnë nëpër katunde, e janë të pajisur me kulturë gjuhësore, që, bashkë me materialin folklo- ristik, të mos lënë pas dore edhe mbledhjen e frazeologjisë. Së fundi, librin autori e pregatit edhe si një material ndihmës për të huajtë që e studjojnë shqipen si gjuhë të dytë.
Mbi rolin e luftës nacionalçlirimtare për zhvillimin e lëtersisë shqiptare
Authors: Bihiku Koço
Published: December 2023

Problemi i rolit që luajti Lufta nacionalçlirimtare në zhvilli- min e letërsisë shqiptare pothuajse nuk është studjuar. Për rëndësinë e kësaj ngjarje historike në jetën e letërsisë është folur kalimthi në arti- kuj përkujtimorë ose në referate, kushtuar zhvillimit të letërsisë së sotme. 1 Sqarimi i problemit të ndikimit që pati lëvizja revolucionare antifashiste për procesin historiko-letrar ka rëndësi, sepse lidhet me ndriçimin e një varg problemesh të historisë së letërsisë së re shqiptare. Lufta nacionalçlirimtare ishte një ngjarje me rëndësi të madhe his- torike në jetën e vendit. Ajo ndryshonte nga lëvizjet e mëparshme çli- rimtare jo vetëm nga përpjestimet e gjëra që mori dhe nga vetëdija e lartë politike e masave, por — dhe kjo ishte themelore — nga rezultatet që arriti. Përmbajtja kryesore e saj ishte zhdukja e skllavërisë fashiste, përmbysja e klasave të vjetra sunduese, që u bashkuan me pushtuesit e huaj dhe vendosja e pushtetit të popullit. Rëndësia historike e kësaj ngjarjeje është përcaktuar qartë nga shcku Enver Hoxha, i cili ka thënë: «Lufta nacionalçlirimtare është shfaqja më e ndritur e historisë së popullit tonë shqiptar, pse ajo çliroi njëkohësisht atdheun nga zgjedha e okupatorëve fashistë, dërmoi përgjithmonë klasat sunduese feudalo-borgjeze, i dha pushtetin popullit».
Shënime mbi të folmen e Ndroqit dhe të Pezës (Tiranë)
Authors: Çeliku Mehmet
Published: December 2023

Krahinat e Ndroqit dhe Pezës ndodhen në perëndim të qytetit të Tiranës dhe i përkasin rrethit të Tiranës. Të dyja janë krahina kufitare dhe kanë përkatësisht këta kufij gjeografikë: Ndroqi kufizon me Shijakun (V.), me Durrësin (P.), me Kavajën (J.), me Pezën (L.); krahina e Pezës kufizon me Petrelën (L.), me Malësinë e Peqinit dhe Rrogozhinën (J.), me Mëzezin e Vaqarin (V.) dhe me Ndroqin (P.). Krahina e Pezës përfshin këto katunde: 1) Peza Madhe, 2) Peza Vogël, 3) Pezë Hélmes, 4) Maknor, 5) Çaúsh, 6) Dórëz, 7) Gurúr, 8) Grecë, 9 Pajûn, 10) Ballashêj. Krahina e Ndroqit përfshin: 1) Gërbllesh, 2) Zhurje, 3) Kërçukje, 4) Zbarqe, 5) Çoçje, 6) Varosh, 7) Sauqet, 8) Shesh, 9) Lagja Re, 10) Lagja Trek (9 dhe 10 janë lagje të katundit Ndroq), 11) Pinet, 12) Çale Bërzez. Nga ana administrative Peza varej para Luftës nga Peqini, ku ndodhej edhe komuna, pas Luftës, gjatë tre-katër vjetëve, u lidh me Petrelën. Ndroqi ka qenë i lidhur me Shijakun dhe me Durrësin. Aktualisht (1965) këto dy krahina administrohen nga një lokalitet i vetëm me qendër në Ndroq.Etnografikisht krahina e Ndroqit dhe ajo e Pezës nuk përbëjnë njësi etnografike të veçanta, çka shihet në veshje e zakone, që pak a shumë janë të njëjta. Ndroqi dhe Peza janë kryesisht krahina kodrinore. Lumi i Erzenit kalon nëpër Ndroq dhe veçon disa nga katundet e Ndroqit në anën e djathtë të tij. Banorët e Ndroqit dhe të Pezës merren kryesisht me bujqësi dhe më pak me blektori. Kultivojnë misrin, të lashtat, duhanin; kultura e ullirit dhe e rrushit është mjaft e zhvilluar. Nranjakët (kështu quhen banorët e Ndroqit) dhe pezakët i bënin pazaret në Tiranë, Kavajë, Durrës e më rrallë në Shijak. Banorët e katundeve jugore e qendrore shkonin në Kavajë e më shpesh në Tiranë; ndonjë katund i krahut perëndimor, në të djathtë të Erzenit si Sauqeti, shkonin kryesisht në Shijak. Kjo varej nga afërsia gjeografike e qyteteve dhe nga lloji i mallit që tregëtohej. Pazaret organizoheshin në ditë të ndryshme të javës (në Durrës të premten, në Tiranë të enjten, në Shijak të hënën, në Kavajë të shtunën), çka mundësonte që banorët e të njëjtit katund të shkonin, madje brenda javës, në disa pazare. Banorët e katundeve të Pezës e Ndroqit, që të gjithë të besimit musliman, i bëjnë krushqitë me banorët e krahinave kufitare, por dhe brendapërbrenda katundit.
Mbi alomorfinë e prapashtesave fjalëformuese në gjuhën Shqipe
Authors: Dauti Leonard
Published: December 2023

Ndajshtesimi, si rruga më prodhimtare e pasurimit të leksikut në gjuhën shqipe, mbetet edhe një ndër mënyrat më të studiuara të fjalëformimit në gjuhësinë shqiptare. Jo vetëm për larminë e mjeteve përkatëse morfologjike, parashtesave dhe prapashtesave, por para së gjithash për kompleksitetin e dukurive që lidhen me të. Në këtë punim do të shqyrtojmë prapashtesat alomorfe, përkatësisht ato prapashtesa të pranuara që ekzistojnë në çifte alomorfesh, si -tar/-ëtar, -si/-ësi, -ri/-ëri, -llo/-ëllo etj., falë daljes së një -ë-je epentetike në kufirin temë-prapashtesë. Interpretimi i derisotëm se në këto raste kemi daljen e një /ë/-je mbështetëse midis temës fjalëformuese dhe prapashtesës, e cila bëhet pjesë e prapashtesës, do të jetë objekt i një shqyrtimi kritik. Synimi i analizës së zhvilluar këtu është të provohet, brenda kornizës së morfologjisë së konstruksioneve, se në këto raste kemi një prapashtesë të përfaqësuar nga një morf i vetëm dhe jo dy alomorfe të së njëjtës prapashtesë. Elementi fonetik /ë/ është një kërkesë e strukturës prozodike të fjalës së re komplekse dhe nuk ka të bëjë me strukturën morfologjike të saj.
Konceptimet e “tjetrit” në poezinë e Naim Frashërit
Authors: Rexhepi Abdulla
Published: December 2023

Nëpërmjet këtij shkrimi mëtohet të identifikohen e të analizohen konceptimet me të cilat Naim Frashëri shënjon "Tjetrin". Prania e "Tjetrit" në krijimtarinë letrare të një autori rezulton në ndërtimin e njohjes dhe identifikimit të "vetes" së tij. Kjo prani bëhet edhe më e dendur kur autori vetëdijshëm synon strukturimin e identiteteve shoqërore. Sepse identitetet shoqërore ndërtohen në ndërveprim me të "tjerët" dhe identiteti ynë ose i grupit ("ne") formohet nga procesi i mendimit për veten ose për "ne" në raport me "Tjetrin". Në poezinë e Naim Frashërit, varësisht nga zhanri i poezisë së tij, ravijëzohen tri koncepte themelore që shënjojnë "Tjetrin". Në poezinë epike, "turku/aziatiku" përbën "Tjetrin" e shqiptarit dhe është simbol i të keqes dhe prapambeturisë. Ndërsa në elegjinë fetare të Naimit, Jezidi dhe familja e tij janë "Tjetri" i shqiptarit bektashian. Gjithashtu, Naimi në krijimtarinë mistike ka ndërtuar një "Tjetër", tek i cili synon të "tretet" dhe të bëhet "balt e pluhur". Të tria këto konceptime për "Tjetrin" rezultojnë struktura të ndryshme fizike dhe metafizike të Naim Frashërit, nëpërmjet të cilave projekton "Tjetrin" politik, identitar dhe mistik.
Botimi i librit hyrje në gjuhësi nga prof. Anastas Dodi, një arritje e shënuar në fushën e studimeve gjuhësore
Authors: Hysa Enver , Mansaku Seit
Published: December 2023

Kohët e fundit ka dalë nga shtypi libri Hyrje në gjuhësi i prof. Anastas Dodit, botuar nga shtëpia botuese “Naimi”, Tiranë 2019 (303 faqe). Prof. Anastas Dodi është një emër i mirënjohur në gjuhësinë shqiptare. Ai e ka filluar veprimtarinë e tij pedagogjike dhe kërkimore shkencore që me mbarimin e studimeve të larta në vitin 1955. Ka një veprimtari të gjatë pedagogjike si pedagog në Fakultetin e Historisë dhe të Filologjisë të Universitetit të Tiranës, por dhe si një nga drejtuesit e këtij fakulteti, ku ka qenë për mbi një dhjetëvjeçarë zëvendësdekan. Gjatë gjithë viteve që punoi si pedagog ka zhvilluar kurset e plota të fonetikës së gjuhës shqipe, të hyrjes në gjuhësi, të hyrjes në historinë e gjuhës shqipe, të fonetikës historike etj. Ligjëratat e tij për këto lëndë të rëndësishme shquheshin për nivelin shkencor dhe aftësitë e autorit për t’ua transmetuar njohuritë studentëve. Për shumë kohë (nga viti 1978-1994) ka punuar në Akademinë e Shkencave të Shqipërisë si Sekretar shkencor i Seksionit të Shkencave shoqërore, ku ka dhënë një ndihmesë të çmuar për ndjekjen dhe mbarëvajtjen e veprimtarive studimore dhe për organizimin e problemeve të atij seksioni dhe të Akademisë në përgjithësi. Prof. Anastas Dodi ka një veprimtari studimore e pedagogjike të pasur e të vyer në disa fusha të gjuhësisë shqiptare dhe të mësimdhënies universitare. Atë e kanë interesuar sidomos problemet e fonetikës e të fonologjisë, të gramatikës së shqipes, të gjuhës standarde dhe të kulturës së gjuhës, të historisë së albanologjisë e të gjuhësisë së përgjithshme etj. Për të gjitha këto fusha autori ka botuar në shtypin shkencor një varg studimesh e artikujsh që janë vlerësuar si kontribute të rëndësishme për gjuhësinë shqiptare. Veçanërisht i rëndësishëm ka qenë kontributi i tij në fushën e fonetikës ku, pasi kishte marrë specializime të veçanta në institute të specializuar në Sankt Petërburg, në Paris dhe në Bon, ka qenë titullar i kësaj lënde për shumë vite në Fakultetin e Historisë dhe të Filologjisë të Universitetit të Tiranës, ka hartuar tekstin universitar të kësaj lënde dhe ka shkruar e botuar disa studime e artikuj për sistemin fonetik e fonologjik të shqipes që janë vlerësuar nga kritika shkencore.
THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL SELLING ACTIVITIES DECISION TO PURCHASE PUCUK HARUM TEA BEVERAGE PRODUCTS
Authors: Amelia Nugraeni
Published: December 2023

This research aims to analyze the influence of personal selling activities on consumer purchasing decisions for Teh Pucuk Harum beverage products. The research was carried out using a qualitative approach by collecting data through interviews with consumers and analysis of documents related to sales activities. The research results show that personal selling activities have a significant positive impact on consumer purchasing decisions. Direct interactions between sellers and consumers help increase product awareness, build trust, and influence consumers' decision-making processes. Sellers who have in-depth knowledge about the product and are able to answer consumer questions satisfactorily can increase consumer confidence in Pucuk Harum Tea. Apart from that, personal selling activities also have an important role in overcoming consumer doubts or concerns, thereby smoothing the purchasing process. Consumers who experience positive interactions with sellers tend to be more loyal and have a tendency to buy Teh Pucuk Harum again in the future. However, this research also identified several challenges faced in implementing personal selling activities, including consistency in message delivery and increasing seller competency. The results of this research provide valuable insight for companies in optimizing personal selling strategies to increase sales and build long-term relationships with consumers.
The Effect of Net Income and Dividends on Stock Prices at PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk in 2018 -2022
Authors: Rulis Setyowati  , Vivi Ade Rivani  , Yunita Budi A M  , Maria Yovita R.Pandin
Published: December 2023

This research aims to analyze the effect of net profit and dividends on share prices at PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk during the period 2018 to 2022. The data used is company financial data which includes net profit, dividends and share prices. The research method applied is quantitative, Quantitative methods are a type of research that is more organized and methodical in terms of the use of numbers, as well as more clear and precise in the way it collects data and presents its findings. The research results show that net profit has a positive and insignificant influence on the share price of PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk. This shows that the higher the company's net profit, the higher the share price, but there are insignificant influencing factors such as economic conditions, industry competitors and so on. Dividends also have a positive and insignificant influence on the company's share price. This means that the higher the dividend distributed, the higher the share price of PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk. Apart from that, net profit and dividends have a positive and insignificant influence on share prices. This research provides a better understanding of the factors that influence company share prices and can be a reference for investors and shareholders in making investment decisions.
La détection d’opportunités internationales dans un environnement incertain : le rôle des capacités digitales et de l’agilité organisationnelle des PME
Authors: Omri Waleed , Yezza Hedi , Bécuwe Audrey
Published: December 2023

Cette recherche s’intéresse au processus d’identification des opportunités internationales chez les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) pendant la crise sanitaire de la Covid-19. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier l’impact des capacités digitales et de l’agilité organisationnelle sur la détection d’opportunités internationales en prenant en considération le rôle modérateur de l’incertitude de l’environnement. Une étude quantitative par le biais d’un questionnaire a été conduite auprès de 146 PME tunisiennes. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les capacités digitales et l’agilité organisationnelle affectent positivement la détection d’opportunités internationales. Nous soulignons également qu’un environnement incertain et turbulent peut affaiblir la relation entre les capacités digitales et l’identification des opportunités d’exportation. Ainsi, nous contribuons à la littérature sur l’internationalisation des PME en proposant un modèle qui prend en compte plusieurs facteurs clés dans la détection des opportunités à l’international. Notre étude offre de nouvelles perspectives managériales pour soutenir le développement d’un couplage entre les capacités digitales et les capacités managériales agiles afin de déterminer et favoriser la détection d’opportunités internationales dans les PME.
Impact des réseaux sociaux numériques sur le processus d’internationalisation des PME traditionnelles : un moteur dopé par la crise de la Covid-19 ?
Authors: Chevé Olga , Lesage Xavier
Published: December 2023

La transformation digitale des entreprises n’est plus une option dans le monde contemporain. La Covid-19 a apporté la démonstration flagrante du potentiel numérique dans tous les domaines d’activité économique et la prise de conscience que le retour au fonctionnement de l’« avant pandémie » est peu probable. Notre étude s’intéresse à des entreprises traditionnelles dont l’internationalisation constitue le levier principal de croissance. Nous cherchons à comprendre comment les réseaux sociaux numériques impactent leur processus d’internationalisation et peuvent constituer un moteur de leur développement. L’étude exploratoire longitudinale déployée auprès de PME traditionnelles françaises met en évidence le rôle clé des réseaux sociaux dans ce processus. Le recours à ces plateformes constitue un prérequis du développement international et conduit les entreprises à s’interroger sur leur identité numérique, sur les nouvelles compétences et sur le rôle pivot qu’elles pourraient jouer dans un écosystème d’affaires numérique. Dans la continuité des travaux de l’école d’Uppsala, nos résultats suggèrent une évolution du modèle d’Uppsala (Johanson et Vahlne, 2009) vers un modèle de développement à l’international hybride : traditionnel et numérique. Ce dernier met en exergue trois principaux mécanismes à effet accélérateur : le système de récompense, le principe de validation sociale et le fonctionnement selon la logique écosystémique des plateformes numériques. Enfin, nous présentons des recommandations managériales pour aider les PME à aborder ce virage stratégique.
La numérisation comme accélérateur de l’internationalisation des PME… Les compétences numériques comme carburant !
Authors: Meuric Pierre-Louis , Favre-Bonté Véronique
Published: December 2023

Les entreprises à internationalisation rapide et précoce (EIRP) font encore l’objet de nombreuses curiosités dans le paysage international du commerce international. En effet, ces entreprises suivent une vitesse d’internationalisation plus rapide que les PME traditionnelles, et semblent donc générer une croissance plus importante sur le court terme. Parmi les facteurs pouvant expliquer une partie de leur réussite sur les marchés, l’utilisation des outils numériques semble agir comme un facilitateur de leur internationalisation. Cependant, aujourd’hui, de nombreuses interrogations subsistent quant aux compétences associées à ces outils. Cet article a donc pour objectif d’explorer le lien entre la vitesse d’internationalisation de ces EIRP et les compétences numériques développées. Nos résultats font apparaître l’existence de trois principales compétences numériques : les compétences analytiques numériques, les compétences opérationnelles numériques et les compétences marketing international numériques. Enfin, nous proposons un modèle représentant les liens entre chacune de ces compétences et la dynamique associée.
Plaidoyer pour une prise en compte de la proposition de valeur de liaison entre consommateurs dans le champ de l’entrepreneuriat
Authors: Barès Franck , Cova Bernard
Published: December 2023

Certains succès d’entreprises lancées durant la dernière décennie ont de quoi faire réfléchir les chercheurs, les entrepreneurs et les accompagnateurs. Au coeur de leurs modèles d’affaires, on trouve souvent une proposition de valeur originale que nous nommons ici « valeur de liaison ». Nous soutenons ici que cette mise en liaison entre consommateurs est la raison principale du succès de ces entreprises. Cette « clé de contact » proposée aux consommateurs se traduit en équipe, entraide et communauté. En premier lieu, nous discutons comment s’envisage, se cocrée et se capture une proposition de valeur de liaison. Ensuite, nous questionnons les conséquences pour l’ensemble des acteurs concernés de placer la valeur de liaison au coeur de la proposition de valeur.
À quel prix faut-il étendre le domaine de la valeur ?1
Authors: Saives Anne-Laure
Published: December 2023

Et si Tough Mudder fabriquait l’antithèse d’un lien social souhaitable ? Cet article est une réaction, depuis une posture prospective, à l’essai précédent introduisant la notion de « proposition de valeur de liaison » dans la modélisation d’affaires. Trois interrogations s’ajoutent à l’agenda de recherche esquissé avec cette notion par Franck Barès et Bernard Cova : 1) en s’appuyant sur la sociologie de la relation d’Hartmut Rosa, la déconstruction de l’entraide entre Mudders et de l’offre d’un « fake nous » profile le besoin d’une compréhension sociologique et d’une grille d’analyse de ce dont peut être faite la « liaison » pour mieux outiller l’entrepreneur-devenant-entremetteur ; 2) l’analyse du terrain spécifique exploré (le sport extrême) révèle le besoin de réflexivité face à l’injonction néolibérale à l’hyperperformance et suggère un examen des pratiques sociales d’individuation participant de la dimension symbolique (création de sens et de signes d’identité et d’appartenance sociale) de la création de valeur à l’ère de l’hypermodernité ; 3) enfin, cet article suggère de compléter la grille d’analyse par la dimension politique de toute création de valeur en questionnant les rééquilibrations possibles de rapports de force que permettrait une proposition de valeur axée sur la liaison dans la sphère économique marchande.
ANÁLISIS MACROSINTÁCTICO DEL OPERADOR DEL DISCURSO QUE DIGAMOS
Authors: Rasilla Castillo Paula
Published: December 2023

En el presente artículo, se lleva a cabo un análisis del operador que digamos desde una perspectiva macrosintáctica, atendiendo así al papel del hablante en su propio discurso y su relación con el entorno. Se inscribirá, por tanto, en dicho marco teórico, en el que explicaremos su objeto de estudio y relación con otras disciplinas que pueden facilitar la enseñanza de unidades como los marcadores o los operadores del discurso. Para el análisis de que digamos se realizará una caracterización morfológica y sintáctica previa, concluyendo con la caracterización macrosintáctica y teniendo en cuenta, sobre todo, sus valores discursivos de atenuación e intensificación.
DISTRIBUCIÓN SOCIOLINGÜÍSTICA DE LOS MARCADORES DE REFORMULACIÓN RECAPITULATIVA EN EL HABLA DE SEVILLA
Authors: Santana Marrero Juana
Published: December 2023

Dentro de los marcadores de reformulación, los que tienen función recapitulativa fueron los más empleados en el habla de la ciudad de Sevilla. En esta investigación hemos analizado su grado de presencia en los hábitos lingüísticos de los sevillanos y la posible influencia de los factores sociales sexo, edad y nivel de estudios en su utilización. Para ello empleamos el corpus PRESEEA de la capital andaluza. En el análisis se han seguido las premisas de la lingüística variacionista, donde la variable está representada por la función pragmático-discursiva de recapitular y las variantes son los marcadores del discurso que cumplen este papel. Entre los principales resultados destacamos que bueno fue la partícula más empleada como reformulador de recapitulación; y, además, que esta estrategia fue más utilizada por los hombres, los sujetos de la segunda generación y los que tenían un nivel de estudios alto.
LOS MARCADORES DISCURSIVOS CITATIVOS EN ESPAÑOL: DISTRIBUCIÓN SOCIOLINGÜÍSTICA Y GEOLECTAL
Authors: Repede Doina
Published: December 2023

En este trabajo se presentan, en contraste, los resultados obtenidos del estudio del comportamiento social y la distribución diatópica de los marcadores del discurso introductores de cita directa en el corpus oral de entrevistas semidirigidas PRESEEA, concretamente, en las muestras de nueve ciudades españolas y dieciocho hispanoamericanas. En particular, desde una perspectiva sociolingüística nos centramos en la relación entre el uso de estas unidades discursivas y las variables sociolingüísticas sexo, edad y nivel de instrucción, pero también en su productividad en los materiales de cada una de las veintiséis urbes estudiadas. La comparación del empleo de los marcadores introductores de cita directa en el habla de estas ciudades refleja tendencias diferenciadas, que se dan en los tipos de unidades que predominan en el español de algunas zonas urbanas de España −en plan, pues− o de Hispanoamérica −o sea, entonces, de repente, dizque, como(que)− así como en su distribución según las variables sociales
NUEVAS PERSPECTIVAS LINGÜÍSTICAS Y GRAMÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA: APORTACIONES DESDE LA GRAMÁTICA DE CONSTRUCCIONES
Authors: Cuello Ramón Carlos
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar vías de transposición didáctica de la Gramática de Construcciones a la enseñanza de la gramática en Secundaria. Partiendo de los déficits que arrastra la subcompetencia gramatical en las aulas, cotejamos las necesidades de una gramática pedagógica para paliar dichos problemas con las características fundamentales de las perspectivas de la Gramática de Construcciones. Este enfoque reivindica la existencia de construcciones, pares convencionales de forma y significado, en todos los niveles de la lengua, por lo que contribuye a una visión de la gramática realmente significativa. Como prueba de las compatibilidades didácticas halladas, proponemos una tipología de actividades de sintaxis basadas en los enfoques construccionistas que permiten alcanzar un conocimiento sistemático de la forma y significado de estructuras sintácticas con distinto grado de abstracción.
ESTUDIOS Y APLICACIONES DE PRESEEA. SOCIOPRAGMÁTICA Y ENSEÑANZA DE ESPAÑOL
Authors: Cestero Mancera Ana María , Núñez Bayo Zaida
Published: December 2023

Una importante línea de la sociolingüística del siglo XXI pretende dar cuenta de los patrones lingüísticos que caracterizan las comunidades de habla, atendiendo a los diversos factores -internos y externos- que condicionan la variación y a los procesos de cambio. Se trata de una perspectiva multidiciplinar interesada en determinar y explicar la configuración sociolingüística de las urbes y las relaciones que se establecen entre variedades de una lengua, especialmente mediante la identificación de movimientos de convergencia o divergencia y de relaciones reticulares.
Serial attentional resource allocation during parallel feature value tracking
Authors: Merkel Christian , Burgmann Luise , Bartsch Mandy Viktoria , Schoenfeld Mircea Ariel , Hopf Jens-Max
Published: December 2023

The visual system has evolved the ability to track features like color and orientation in parallel. This property aligns with the specialization of processing these feature dimensions in the visual cortex. But what if we ask to track changing feature-values within the same feature dimension? Parallel tracking would then have to share the same cortical representation, which would set strong limitations on tracking performance. We address this question by measuring the precision of color representations when human observers track the color of two superimposed dot clouds that simultaneously change color along independent trajectories in color-space. We find that tracking precision is highly imbalanced between streams and that tracking precision changes over time by alternating between streams at a rate of ~1 Hz. These observations suggest that, while parallel color tracking is possible, it is highly limited, essentially allowing for only one color-stream to be tracked with precision at a given time.
Spatial transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveal a transcriptomic atlas of adult human spinal cord
Authors: Zhang Donghang , Chen Yali , Wei Yiyong , Chen Hongjun , Wu Yujie , Wu Lin , Li Jin , Ren Qiyang , Miao Changhong , Zhu Tao , Liu Jin , Ke Bowen , Zhou Cheng
Published: December 2023

Despite the recognized importance of the spinal cord in sensory processing, motor behaviors, and neural diseases, the underlying organization of neuronal clusters and their spatial location remain elusive. Recently, several studies have attempted to define the neuronal types and functional heterogeneity in the spinal cord using single-cell or single-nucleus RNA sequencing in animal models or developing humans. However, molecular evidence of cellular heterogeneity in the adult human spinal cord is limited. Here, we classified spinal cord neurons into 21 subclusters and determined their distribution from nine human donors using single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. Moreover, we compared the human findings with previously published single-nucleus data of the adult mouse spinal cord, which revealed an overall similarity in the neuronal composition of the spinal cord between the two species while simultaneously highlighting some degree of heterogeneity. Additionally, we examined the sex differences in the spinal neuronal subclusters. Several genes, such as SCN10A and HCN1, showed sex differences in motor neurons. Finally, we classified human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons using spatial transcriptomics and explored the putative interactions between DRG and spinal cord neuronal subclusters. In summary, these results illustrate the complexity and diversity of spinal neurons in humans and provide an important resource for future research to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying spinal cord physiology and diseases.
Sex-specific resilience of neocortex to food restriction
Authors: Padamsey Zahid , Katsanevaki Danai , Maeso Patricia , Rizzi Manuela , Osterweil Emily E , Rochefort Nathalie L
Published: December 2023

Mammals have evolved sex-specific adaptations to reduce energy usage in times of food scarcity. These adaptations are well described for peripheral tissue, though much less is known about how the energy-expensive brain adapts to food restriction, and how such adaptations differ across the sexes. Here, we examined how food restriction impacts energy usage and function in the primary visual cortex (V1) of adult male and female mice. Molecular analysis and RNA sequencing in V1 revealed that in males, but not in females, food restriction significantly modulated canonical, energy-regulating pathways, including pathways associated waith AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, mammalian target of rapamycin, and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, we found that in contrast to males, food restriction in females did not significantly affect V1 ATP usage or visual coding precision (assessed by orientation selectivity). Decreased serum leptin is known to be necessary for triggering energy-saving changes in V1 during food restriction. Consistent with this, we found significantly decreased serum leptin in food-restricted males but no significant change in food-restricted females. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that cortical function and energy usage in female mice are more resilient to food restriction than in males. The neocortex, therefore, contributes to sex-specific, energy-saving adaptations in response to food restriction.
Meta-Research: understudied genes are lost in a leaky pipeline between genome-wide assays and reporting of results
Authors: Richardson Reese AK , Navarro Heliodoro Tejedor , Amaral Luis A Nunes , Stoeger Thomas
Published: December 2023

Present-day publications on human genes primarily feature genes that already appeared in many publications prior to completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003. These patterns persist despite the subsequent adoption of high-throughput technologies, which routinely identify novel genes associated with biological processes and disease. Although several hypotheses for bias in the selection of genes as research targets have been proposed, their explanatory powers have not yet been compared. Our analysis suggests that understudied genes are systematically abandoned in favor of better-studied genes between the completion of -omics experiments and the reporting of results. Understudied genes are similarly abandoned by studies that cite these -omics experiments. Conversely, we find that publications on understudied genes may even accrue a greater number of citations. Among 45 biological and experimental factors previously proposed to affect which genes are being studied, we find that 35 are significantly associated with the choice of hit genes presented in titles and abstracts of -omics studies. To promote the investigation of understudied genes we condense our insights into a tool,
find my understudied genes
(FMUG), that allows scientists to engage with potential bias during the selection of hits. We demonstrate the utility of FMUG through the identification of genes that remain understudied in vertebrate aging. FMUG is developed in Flutter and is available for download at fmug.amaral.northwestern.edu as a MacOS/Windows app.
On the pH-dependence of α-synuclein amyloid polymorphism and the role of secondary nucleation in seed-based amyloid propagation
Authors: Frey Lukas , Ghosh Dhiman , Qureshi Bilal M. , Rhyner David , Guerrero-Ferreira Ricardo , Pokharna Aditya , Kwiatkowski Witek , Serdiuk Tetiana , Picotti Paola , Riek Roland , Greenwald Jason
Published: December 2023

The aggregation of the protein α-synuclein is closely associated with several neurodegenerative disorders and as such the structures of the amyloid fibril aggregates have high scientific and medical significance. However, it seems that there are about as many unique atomic-resolution structures of these aggregates as there are publications describing them. Obviously, this highly polymorphic nature of α-synuclein fibrils hampers efforts in disease-relevant
in vitro
studies on α-synuclein amyloid aggregation. In order to better understand the factors that affect polymorph selection we studied the structures of α-synuclein fibrils
in vitro
as a function of pH and buffer using cryo-EM helical reconstruction. We find that in the physiological range of pH 5.8-7.4 a pH-dependent selection between Types 1, 2 and 3 polymorphs occurs. Our results indicate that even in the presence of seeds, the polymorph selection during aggregation is highly dependent on the buffer conditions, attributed to the polymorph-unspecific nature of secondary nucleation. We also uncovered two new polymorphs that occur at pH 7.0 in phosphate-buffered saline. The first is a monofilament Type 1 fibril which highly resembles the structure of the juvenile-onset synucleinopathy polymorph found in patient-derived material. The second is a new Type 5 polymorph that resembles a polymorph that has been recently reported in a study that used diseased tissues to seed aggregation. Taken together, our results highlight the shallow amyloid energy hypersurface that can be altered by subtle changes in the environment, including the pH which is shown to play a major role in polymorph selection and in many cases appears to be the determining factor in seeded aggregation. The results also confirm the possibility of producing disease-relevant structure
in vitro
.
Slc26a1 is not essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice
Authors: Meng Zhixiang , Qiao Yu , Xue Jiajia , Wu Tiantian , Gao Wenxin , Huang Xiaoyan , Lv Jinxing , Liu Mingxi , Shen Cong
Published: December 2023

Thousands of genes are expressed in the testis of mice. However, the details about their roles during spermatogenesis have not been well-clarified for most genes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Slc26a1 deficiency on mouse spermatogenesis and male fertility. Slc26a1-knockout (KO) mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology on C57BL/6J background. We found no obvious differences between Slc26a1-KO and Slc26a1-WT mice in fertility tests, testicular weight, sperm concentrations, or morphology. Histological analysis found that Slc26a1-KO mouse testes had normal germ cell types and mature sperm. These findings indicated that Slc26a1 was dispensable for male fertility in mice. Our results may save time and resources by allowing other researchers to focus on genes that are more meaningful for fertility studies. We also found that mRNAs of two Slc26a family members (Slc26a5 and Slc26a11) were expressed on higher mean levels in Slc26a1-KO total mouse testes, compared to Slc26a1-WT mice. This effect was not found in mouse GC-1 and GC-2 germ cell lines with the Slc26a1 gene transiently knocked down. This result may indicate that a gene compensation phenomenon was present in the testes of Slc26a1-KO mice.
Effects of plyometric training on measures of physical fitness in racket sport athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Nuannuan , Soh Kim Geok , Abdullah Borhannudin , Huang Dandan
Published: December 2023

Background

Over the past decade, the popularity of racket sports has surged. Plyometric training (PT) has been the focus of extensive research because of the proven benefits it provides to athletes. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews and meta-analyses specifically evaluating the impact of PT on physical fitness metrics in racket sport athletes. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive review and analysis of evidence derived from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of PT on measures of physical fitness among racket sports athletes.

Methods

The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched up to June 2023 without placing any restrictions on the publication dates. The PICOS method was adopted to establish the inclusion criteria: (a) healthy athletes who participate in racket sports; (b) a PT program; (c) a control group; (d) assessment of physical fitness components pre- and post-PT; and (e) RCTs. The records’ methodological quality was assessed utilizing the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The certainty in the evidence related to each outcome was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment. A random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes (ES; Hedges’ g) between experimental and control groups.

Results

There were 14 eligible studies of moderate-to-high-quality, involving 746 athletes in total. The results revealed small-to-moderate effects (p < 0.05) of PT on muscle power (ES = 0.46), muscle strength (ES = 0.50), sprint speed (ES = 0.45), change of direction ability (ES = 0.76), and reaction time (ES = 0.67), while no clear evidence was found on balance and flexibility. The training-induced changes in muscle power showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between youth (ES = 0.72) and adults (ES = 0.40). There were also similar muscle power improvements (ES = 0.36–0.54 vs 0.38–0.56, all p > 0.05) for a length of ≤7 weeks with ≤14 total PT sessions vs >7 weeks with >14 total PT sessions, and ≤2 weekly sessions vs >2 sessions. No adverse effects were reported in the included studies regarding the PT intervention. The certainty of evidence varied from very low to moderate. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that PT has positive effects on important indices of physical fitness among athletes participating in racket sports. Future studies are required to clarify the optimal doses and examine interactions among training variables to further promote the physical fitness of this specific population.
Validation of an algorithm to assess regular and irregular gait using inertial sensors in healthy and stroke individuals
Authors: Ensink Carmen , Smulders Katrijn , Warnar Jolien , Keijsers Noel
Published: December 2023

Background

Studies using inertial measurement units (IMUs) for gait assessment have shown promising results regarding accuracy of gait event detection and spatiotemporal parameters. However, performance of such algorithms is challenged in irregular walking patterns, such as in individuals with gait deficits. Based on the literature, we developed an algorithm to detect initial contact (IC) and terminal contact (TC) and calculate spatiotemporal gait parameters. We evaluated the validity of this algorithm for regular and irregular gait patterns against a 3D optical motion capture system (OMCS).

Methods

Twenty healthy participants (aged 59 ± 12 years) and 10 people in the chronic phase after stroke (aged 61 ± 11 years) were equipped with 4 IMUs: on both feet, sternum and lower back (MTw Awinda, Xsens) and 26 reflective makers. Participants walked on an instrumented treadmill for 2 minutes (i) with their preferred stride lengths and (ii) once with irregular stride lengths (±20% deviation) induced by light projected stepping stones. Accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated on stride-by-stride agreement of IC, TC, stride time, length and velocity with OMCS. Bland-Altman-like plots were made for the spatiotemporal parameters, while differences in detection of IC and TC time instances were shown in histogram plots. Performance of the algorithm was compared between regular and irregular gait with a linear mixed model. This was done by comparing the performance in healthy participants in the regular vs irregular walking condition, and by comparing the agreement in healthy participants with stroke participants in the regular walking condition.

Results

For each condition at least 1,500 strides were included for analysis. Compared to OMCS, IMU-based IC detection in both groups and condition was on average 9–17 (SD ranging from 7 to 35) ms, while IMU-based TC was on average 15–24 (SD ranging from 12 to 35) ms earlier. When comparing regular and irregular gait in healthy participants, the difference between methods was 2.5 ms higher for IC, 3.4 ms lower for TC, 0.3 cm lower for stride length, and 0.4 cm/s higher for stride velocity in the irregular walking condition. No difference was found on stride time. When comparing the differences between methods between healthy and stroke participants, the difference between methods was 7.6 ms lower for IC, 3.8 cm lower for stride length, and 3.4 cm/s lower for stride velocity in stroke participants. No differences were found on differences between methods on TC detection and stride time between stroke and healthy participants.

Conclusions

Small irrelevant differences were found on gait event detection and spatiotemporal parameters due to irregular walking by imposing irregular stride lengths or pathological (stroke) gait. Furthermore, IMUs seem equally good compared to OMCS to assess gait variability based on stride time, but less accurate based on stride length.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of growth-regulating factors in Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium chrysotoxum
Authors: Zhu Shuying , Wang Hongman , Xue Qiqian , Zou Huasong , Liu Wei , Xue Qingyun , Ding Xiao-Yu
Published: December 2023

Background

Dendrobium, one of the largest genera in Orchidaceae, is popular not only for its aesthetic appeal but for its significant medicinal value. Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) play an essential role in plant growth and development. However, there is still a lack of information about the evolution and biological function analysis of the GRF gene family among Dendrobiumspecies.

Methods

Growth-regulating factors from Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. were identified by HMMER and BLAST. Detailed bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the evolution and function of GRF gene family in D. officinale and D. chrysotoxum using genomic data, transcriptome data and qRT-PCR technology.

Results

Here, we evaluated the evolution of the GRF gene family based on the genome sequences of D. officinale and D. chrysotoxum. Inferred from phylogenetic trees, the GRF genes were classified into two clades, and each clade contains three subclades. Sequence comparison analysis revealed relatively conserved gene structures and motifs among members of the same subfamily, indicating a conserved evolution of GRF genes within Dendrobiumspecies. However, considering the distribution of orthologous DoGRFs and DcGRFs, and the differences in the number of GRFs among species, we suggest that the GRF gene family has undergone different evolutionary processes. A total of 361 cis-elements were detected, with 33, 141, and 187 related to plant growth and development, stress, and hormones, respectively. The tissue-specific expression of GRFs showed that DoGRF8 may have a significant function in the stem elongation of D. officinale. Moreover, four genes were up-regulated under Methyl-jasmonic acid/methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, showing that DoGRFs and DcGRFs play a crucial role in stress response. These findings provide valuable information for further investigations into the evolution and function of GRF genes in D. officinale and D. chrysotoxum.
Diagnostic value of albumin/fibrinogen ratio and C-reactive protein/albumin/globulin ratio for periprosthetic joint infection: a retrospective study
Authors: Ji Wei , Liu Zemiao , Lin Tao
Published: December 2023

Background

The study aims to explore diagnostic value of albumin/fibrinogen ratio (AFR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin (ALB)/globulin (GLO) ratio (CAGR) for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data collected from 190 patients who had joint replacement surgery in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), from January 2017 to December 2022. Based on the occurrence of PJI after surgery, patients were divided as an infection group (10 cases) and non-infection group (180 cases). Diagnostic indicators were analyzed, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were further performed to identify factors related to PJI. Sensitivity and specificity of AFR and CAGR, both individually and in combination, were calculated using ROC curves, and their diagnostic performance was compared based on the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

Levels of CRP, ESR, FIB, GLO, and CAGR were significantly higher in the infection group than in non-infection group (P < 0.05). Levels of ALB and AFR were significantly lower in infection group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis reviewed that CRP (OR = 3.324), ESR (OR = 2.118), FIB (OR = 3.142), ALB (OR = 0.449), GLO (OR = 1.985), AFR (OR = 0.587), and CAGR (OR = 2.469) were factors influencing PJI (P < 0.05). The AUC for AFR and CAGR in diagnosing PJI were 0.739 and 0.780, while AUC for their combined detection was 0.858.

Conclusion

Abnormal levels of AFR and CAGR are associated with PJI, and their combined use has certain diagnostic value for PJI.
O JOGO DA IDENTIDADE E DIFERENÇA NO CURRÍCULO CULTURAL DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Nunes Hugo Cesar Bueno , Neira Marcos Garcia
Published: December 2023

Nos últimos tempos, a questão da identidade e diferença tornou-se tema central e recorrente no debate educacional. Com base nesse pressuposto, indagamos como o Outro é visto e percebido nas aulas de Educação Física, ou seja, como professores e estudantes, em meio à complexa rede de significados que circulam no ambiente escolar, lidam com as diferenças. Para tanto, submetemos à análise cultural 13 relatos de experiência produzidos por docentes que afirmam colocar em prática a proposta cultural de Educação Física. Tal método busca entender como as práticas sociais são vividas e experimentadas pelos sujeitos, considerando as relações de poder atuantes nesse processo. Os resultados evidenciam que as ações didáticas realizadas pelos docentes são tecidas no contínuo jogo da identidade e diferença.
The Relationship between Behavior, Maternal Education and the Prevalence of Wasting among Toddlers in Meureubo and Kaway Xvi Districts, West Aceh Regency
Authors: Maulizar Rina , Marniati  , Mulyani Itza , Ayunda Hanif Muchdatul , Putri Enda Silvia
Published: December 2023

Wasting is a condition of acute malnutrition when there is an imbalance between body weight and height (BB/TB) and has a Z-score <-2 SD. The problem in this research is the increasing prevalence of wasting under five over the last three years in West Aceh Regency one of which is in Meureubo and Kaway Districts, direct surveys conducted by researchers in the field show that maternal education is still relatively low, knowledge is lacking, attitudes are indifferent and nutrition for toddlers is not yet met. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal behavior and education with the prevalence of wasting in children under five years old in Meureubo and Kaway XVI sub-districts of West Aceh district. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, using univariate and bivariate analysis, followed by the application of the Fisher's exact test. The total sampling used included the entire population of wasting mothers of toddlers, resulting in a total sample of 41 respondents. The findings showed a statistically significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the prevalence of wasting in children under five (P value = 0.008 ≤ 0.05). Apart from that, there is a significant relationship between mothers who have a negative attitude and the prevalence of wasting in toddlers (P value = 0.005 ≤ 0.05). Apart from that, there is a relationship between poor maternal actions and the prevalence of wasting in toddlers (P value = 0.015 ≤ 0.05). In addition, there was a correlation between maternal education level and the prevalence of wasting in children under five (P value = 0.008 ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the analysis showed a correlation between maternal knowledge, attitude, and action, as well as a relationship between maternal education level and the prevalence of wasting in children under five years old, as evidenced by a P value ≤ α 0.05. It is recommended that health workers and other relevant stakeholders intensify efforts to socialize and educate mothers to encourage positive behavioral changes in meeting the nutritional needs of toddlers. This initiative aims to improve the nutritional status of toddlers.