bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncanny sums and products may prompt “wise choices”: Semantic misalignment and numerical judgments
Authors: Brown Ethan C. , Mazzocco Michèle M. M. , Rinne Luke F. , Scanlon Noah S.
Published: August 2016

Automatized arithmetic can interfere with numerical judgments, and semantic misalignment may diminish this interference. We gave 92 adults two numerical priming tasks that involved semantic misalignment. We found that misalignment either facilitated or reversed arithmetic interference effects, depending on misalignment type. On our number matching task, digit pairs (as primes for sums) appeared with nouns that were either categorically aligned and concrete (e.g., pigs, goats), categorically misaligned and concrete (e.g., eels, webs), or categorically misaligned concrete and intangible (e.g., goats, tactics). Next, participants were asked whether a target digit matched either member of the previously presented digit pair. Participants were slower to reject sum vs. neutral targets on aligned/concrete and misaligned/concrete trials, but unexpectedly slower to reject neutral versus sum targets on misaligned/concrete-intangible trials. Our sentence verification task also elicited unexpected facilitation effects. Participants read a cue sentence that contained two digits, then evaluated whether a subsequent target statement was true or false. When target statements included the product of the two preceding digits, this inhibited accepting correct targets and facilitated rejecting incorrect targets, although only when semantic context did not support arithmetic. These novel findings identify a potentially facilitative role of arithmetic in semantically misaligned contexts and highlight the complex role of contextual factors in numerical processing.
Ephraim Meir. Interreligious Theology: Its Value and Mooring in Modern Jewish Philosophy
Authors: Slater Bethany
Published: August 2016

No abstract is available.
Disciplinar el cuerpo para militarizar a la juventud. La actividad deportiva del Frente de Juventudes en el franquismo (1940-1960)
Authors: Mauri Medrano Marta
Published: August 2016

What is a physically educated body? How did Franco’s Youth Front use the body of children and young people, through physical education, for the purpose of instructing citizens who would give stability to the state? The main objective of this article is to present, by means of a methodology based on the concepts of disciplinary power and corporal docility adopted from the theory of Michel Foucault, how the Youth Front controlled the free time of young people by using games and sports (volleyball and basketball), which had a clearly instructive and indoctrinating intention. This makes it possible to conclude that the camps, the extra-curricular activities and the sports competitions used the bodies of the young as a productive base, a base considered necessary for the future political stability of the Franco regime.
El automovilismo deportivo en México. Sus primeros clubes y competencias (siglo XX)
Authors: Garrido Asperó María José
Published: August 2016

The article analyzes one of the most representative manifestations of modern sports: sports car racing. It seeks to contribute to the study of the clubs, considered by some academics to be one of the fundamental aspects in the process of consolidation of the modern sport. The study presents the transformations that the reception of the automobile produced in Mexican society, proposing as its central hypothesis that the elite during the regime of Porfirio Diaz created the first automobile clubs in line with a set of economic interests and demonstrating that the competitions were a detonator for developing certain industries within the same territory. Finally, it concludes that the study of the modern sport and its clubs should incorporate a sense of enterprise into the analysis of the sport.
Del Chile de los triunfos morales al “Chile, país ganador”. La identidad nacional y la selección chilena de fútbol durante la Dictadura Militar (1973-1989)
Authors: Vilches Parra Diego
Published: August 2016

Through the study of the Chilean National Football Team, this article analyzes the impact of the installation of the culture of the free market within the sphere of Chilean identity, during the Military Dictatorship headed by Augusto Pinochet. How was Chilean identity transformed during this process? To answer this question, the social conception of football during the dictatorship will be compared with the concept of the sport that predominated prior to the dictatorship. Thus, and by means of analyzing the discourse of the sports press, it concludes that between 1973 and 1989 the social conception of football changed from a vision in which moral triumphs were appreciated to a conception in which competitive values became hegemonic, centered first and foremost on victory in football. This transition likewise expresses a profound mutation in the expectations, values and the ethical vision and sense of identity of the Chilean people.
Pedro Romero, el artesano: trabajo, raza y diferenciación social en Cartagena de Indias a finales del dominio colonial
Authors: Solano D. Sergio Paolo
Published: August 2016

This article studies the questions of work, race and social differentiation among the artisan class of the New Kingdom of Granada towards the end of the colonial period, through the labor activities of Pedro Romero, an emblematic artisan of Cartagena de Indias. It analyzes the privileges this artisan achieved through a contrato de asentista with the Naval Station and the income he earned a a result, while at the same time comparing them with those obtained by other workers, in order to show the process of social differentiation that operated among certain sectors of the artisan class. Based on his relations with colonial institutions (defense systems), it concludes that Romero strengthened his condition of class determined by his standard of living, and thus differentiated himself from his fellow artisans, which also allowed him to offset the influence of his racial condition. The article also concludes that during the second half of the 18th century, the relations between artisans and colonial institutions were transformed, due to the needs of military defense.
Espacios públicos atractivos en el envejecimiento activo y saludable. El caso del mercado de Terán, Aguascalientes (México)
Authors: Sánchez-González Diego , Cortés Topete Martha Beatriz
Published: August 2016

The research analyzes the attributes of the constructed surroundings and the functions of the social environment that determine the attractiveness of the traditional public marketplace and foster active aging in Aguascalientes, Mexico. The methodology consisted of conducting a survey of elderly people and collecting data from environmental sensors at the public marketplace of Terán. The results showed that the attractiveness of the traditional marketplace in relation to optimal interaction with the needs of the elderly is determined by the functionality of the attributes of the constructed material surroundings and the usability of the functions of the social environment. It discusses the possible benefits of the attractive public marketplace in stimulating active and healthy aging, as well as the general quality of life in old age.
Thallium magnesium chloride: A high light yield, large effective atomic number, intrinsically activated crystalline scintillator for X-ray and gamma-ray detection
Authors: Fujimoto Yutaka , Koshimizu Masanori , Yanagida Takayuki , Okada Go , Saeki Keiichiro , Asai Keisuke
Published: August 2016

We report the luminescence and the scintillation properties of a newly developed thallium magnesium chloride (TlMgCl3) crystal. The crystal sample can be easily fabricated from the melt using the Bridgman method. The photoluminescence band appeared near the wavelength of 405 nm under excitation at 230 nm. An X-ray-induced scintillation spectrum showed an intense emission band near the wavelength of 405 nm. The decay time constant was estimated to be approximately 60 ns (∼25%) and 350 ns (∼75%) using a bi-exponential fitting. The scintillation light yield reached 46,000 photons/MeV with an energy resolution of 5% at 662 keV.
Klippel‐Trénaunay Syndrome
Authors: Volz Kevin R. , Kanner Christopher D. , Evans Julie , Evans Kevin D.
Published: August 2016

Klippel‐Trénaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by a triad of clinical presentations: (1) capillary malformations manifesting as a “port wine stain”; (2) limb hypertrophy; and (3) venous varicosities. It is distinguished from Parkes‐Weber syndrome by the absence of substantial arteriovenous shunting. Due to the clinical implications of an arteriovenous fistula, differentiation between the two syndromes is important, as the prognosis and treatment greatly differ. We present a series of 5 cases of suspected KTS, while emphasizing the difficulties in distinguishing KTS from Parkes‐Weber syndrome without diagnostic imaging and underscoring the importance of accurately classifying patients with the appropriate syndrome.
River gauging at global scale using optical and passive microwave remote sensing
Authors: Van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Brakenridge G. Robert , Kettner Albert J. , Beck Hylke E. , De Groeve Tom , Schellekens Jaap
Published: August 2016

Recent discharge observations are lacking for most rivers globally. Discharge can be estimated from remotely sensed floodplain and channel inundation area, but there is currently no method that can be automatically extended to many rivers. We examined whether automated monitoring is feasible by statistically relating inundation estimates from moderate to coarse (>0.05°) resolution remote sensing to monthly station discharge records. Inundation extents were derived from optical MODIS data and passive microwave sensors, and compared to monthly discharge records from over 8000 gauging stations and satellite altimetry observations for 442 reaches of large rivers. An automated statistical method selected grid cells to construct “satellite gauging reaches” (SGRs). MODIS SGRs were generally more accurate than passive microwave SGRs, but there were complementary strengths. The rivers widely varied in size, regime, and morphology. As expected performance was low (R < 0.7) for many (86%), often small or regulated, rivers, but 1263 successful SGRs remained. High monthly discharge variability enhanced performance: a standard deviation of 100–1000 m3 s−1 yielded ca. 50% chance of R > 0.6. The best results (R > 0.9) were obtained for large unregulated lowland rivers, particularly in tropical and boreal regions. Relatively poor results were obtained in arid regions, where flow pulses are few and recede rapidly, and in temperate regions, where many rivers are modified and contained. Provided discharge variations produce clear changes in inundated area and gauge records are available for part of the satellite record, SGRs can retrieve monthly river discharge values back to around 1998 and up to present.
Medium‐scale gravity wave activity in the thermosphere inferred from GOCE data
Authors: Garcia Raphael F. , Bruinsma Sean , Massarweh Lotfi , Doornbos Eelco
Published: August 2016

This study is focused on the effect of solar flux conditions on the dynamics of gravity waves (GWs) in the thermosphere. Air density and crosswind in situ estimates from the Gravity Field and Steady‐State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) accelerometers are analyzed for the whole mission duration. The analysis is performed in the Fourier spectral domain averaging spectral results over periods of 2 months close to solstices. A new GW marker (called
) is introduced here to characterize GWs activity under low, medium, and high solar flux conditions, showing a clear solar damping effect on GW activity. Most GW signal is found in a spectral range above 8 mHz in GOCE data, meaning a maximum horizontal wavelength of around 1000 km. The level of GW activity at GOCE altitude is strongly decreasing with increasing solar flux. Furthermore, a shift in the dominant frequency with solar flux conditions has been noted, leading to larger horizontal wavelengths (from 200 to 500 km) during high solar flux conditions. The correlation between air density variability and GW marker allows to identify most of the large‐amplitude perturbations below 67° latitudes as due to GWs. The influence of correlated error sources, between air density and crosswinds, is discussed. Consistency of the spectral domain results is verified in the time domain with a global mapping of high‐frequency air density perturbations along the GOCE orbit. This analysis shows a clear dependence with geomagnetic latitude with strong perturbations at magnetic poles and an extension to lower latitudes favored by low solar activity conditions. These results are consistent with previous Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) data analysis and with general circulation models.
Calibration‐induced uncertainty of the EPIC model to estimate climate change impact on global maize yield
Authors: Xiong Wei , Skalský Rastislav , Porter Cheryl H. , Balkovič Juraj , Jones James W. , Yang Di
Published: August 2016

Understanding the interactions between agricultural production and climate is necessary for sound decision‐making in climate policy. Gridded and high‐resolution crop simulation has emerged as a useful tool for building this understanding. Large uncertainty exists in this utilization, obstructing its capacity as a tool to devise adaptation strategies. Increasing focus has been given to sources of uncertainties for climate scenarios, input‐data, and model, but uncertainties due to model parameter or calibration are still unknown. Here, we use publicly available geographical data sets as input to the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model (EPIC) for simulating global‐gridded maize yield. Impacts of climate change are assessed up to the year 2099 under a climate scenario generated by HadEM2‐ES under RCP 8.5. We apply five strategies by shifting one specific parameter in each simulation to calibrate the model and understand the effects of calibration. Regionalizing crop phenology or harvest index appears effective to calibrate the model for the globe, but using various values of phenology generates pronounced difference in estimated climate impact. However, projected impacts of climate change on global maize production are consistently negative regardless of the parameter being adjusted. Different values of model parameter result in a modest uncertainty at global level, with difference of the global yield change less than 30% by the 2080s. The uncertainty subjects to decrease if applying model calibration or input data quality control. Calibration has a larger effect at local scales, implying the possible types and locations for adaptation.
Generalized Order Statistics
Authors: Kamps Udo
Published: August 2016

Order statistics and record values appear in many statistical applications and are widely used in statistical modeling and inference. Both models describe random variables arranged in ascending order of magnitude. Generalized order statistics provide a unified approach to a variety of models of ordered random variables with different interpretations, such as common order statistics, sequential order statistics, progressively type II censored order statistics, record values, th record values, and Pfeifer's records. These models can be effectively applied, for example, in reliability theory. An order statistic represents the life length of some ‐out‐of‐ system, which is an important technical structure. For this application, sequential order statistics serve to describe influences of failures on the life‐length distributions of the remaining components.

The distribution theory of generalized order statistics is established along the lines of common order statistics. By this, we find that well‐known properties of order statistics and record values are also valid for generalized order statistics. The results on generalized order statistics concern their distribution theory, and, for example, relations and bounds for moments, structural properties, characterizations of distributions, preservation of aging properties and stochastic orderings, extreme value theory, and statistical inference with respect to both, model and distribution parameters.
Kolmogorov–Smirnov Tests of Fit
Authors: Stephens Michael A.
Published: August 2016

In this article, tests of fit based on Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistics and statistics similar to these are discussed. KS statistics belong to the wider class of empirical distribution function (EDF) statistics, so‐called because they are based on the EDF of a given sample.
Moving Sums (MOSUM)
Authors: Hackl Peter
Published: August 2016

The monitoring of a sequence of observations in order to decide whether they are realizations of identically distributed random variables is a common problem in various situations of applied statistics, two of which will be discussed in this article: (a) testing the constancy of a regression relationship over time and (b) continuous sampling inspection.

The basic model isYt=E[Yt] +Ut,Utbeing independently distributed according toN(0,σ2), that is, normal with mean zero and varianceσ2. In (b),E[Yt] is the target valueμ0, which may be known or unknown. In (a), letE[Yt] beβ,ztbeing thek‐vector of regressor variables observed at timetandβthek‐vector of regression coefficients. A further parameter isσ2, which might be known in situations of type (b).

The model used for (b) can be seen as a simplified version of that used for (a). In both situations, the aim of the analysis is to determine whether the assumption of constancy of the respective model parameters is violated. Therefore, the test statistics and test procedures can be treated in common. In most control situations, however, the tests are performed during the continuing process, that is, on the basis of a growing amount of data. This contrasts with (a), where the test usually is performed after all data have been obtained (i.e., as a means of checking the adequacy of the model that is the basis of the analysis).
Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) Sampling
Authors: Skinner Chris J.
Published: August 2016

Probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling is a method of sampling from a finite population in which a size measure is available for each population unit before sampling and where the probability of selecting a unit is proportional to its size. Its use arises in two particular contexts: (i) multistage sampling and (ii) single‐stage sampling of establishments. Unbiased estimation is obtained using the Hansen–Hurvitz estimator in the case of PPS with replacement sampling and the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of probability proportional to size without replacement (PPSWOR) sampling. Variance estimation is also discussed. A variety of PPSWOR designs are outlined, including systematic sampling and conditional Poisson sampling.
Internet Research Methods
Authors: Hewson Claire , Stewart David W.
Published: August 2016

This article provides an introduction to the use of the Internet as a research tool. Methods for searching the Internet for secondary sources of information are explained and representative search tools and information resources are identified. Issues related to the evaluation of information obtained from the Internet are identified. The use of the Internet as a tool for gathering primary research data (
Internet‐mediated research: IMR
) is also discussed. Issues related to the reliability of IMR methods, the validity of IMR data, and the ethical challenges that can arise are highlighted.
Multivariable Fractional Polynomial Models
Authors: Sauerbrei Willi , Royston Patrick
Published: August 2016

Multivariable regression models are widely used in all areas of science in which empirical data are analyzed. The multivariable fractional polynomials (MFPs) procedure combines the selection of important variables with the determination of functional form for continuous predictors. We introduce the approach and discuss key issues and approaches to handling them. In an example, we compare the selected MFP model with the full model and a model derived with backward elimination. Concerning function selection for continuous variables, splines are the most important competitors to fractional polynomials. We mention main results of a recent simulation study. Finally, we refer to further extensions and developments based on fractional polynomial methodology.
Deviance Information Criterion (DIC)
Authors: Meyer Renate
Published: August 2016

The deviance information criterion (DIC) was introduced in 2002 by Spiegelhalteret al. to compare the relative fit of a set of Bayesian hierarchical models. It is similar to Akaike's information criterion (AIC) in combining a measure of goodness‐of‐fit and measure of complexity, both based on the deviance. While AIC uses the maximum likelihood estimate, DIC's plug‐in estimate is based on the posterior mean. As the number of independent parameters in a Bayesian hierarchical model is not clearly defined, DIC estimates the effective number of parameters by the difference of the posterior mean of the deviance and the deviance at the posterior mean. This coincides with the number of independent parameters in fixed effect models with flat priors, thus the DIC is a generalization of AIC. It can be justified as an estimate of the posterior predictive model performance within a decision‐theoretic framework and it is asymptotically equivalent to leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. The DIC has been used extensively for practical model comparison in many disciplines and works well for exponential family models but due to its dependence on the parametrization and focus of a model, its application to mixture models is problematic.
D
elphi Method
Authors: Grime Megan M. , Wright George
Published: August 2016

This article lays out the basic structure of the Delphi method, along with common modifications, and recently developed mixed‐model forecasting techniques. Delphi offers a basic structure that can be easily adapted to fit a group's needs, with respect to specific judgmental forecasting efforts.
Reliability of Small Molecule Organic Photovoltaics with Electron‐Filtering Compound Buffer Layers
Authors: Burlingame Quinn , Song Byeongseop , Ciammaruchi Laura , Zanotti Gloria , Hankett Jeanne , Chen Zhan , Katz Eugene A. , Forrest Stephen R.
Published: August 2016

Electron‐filtering compound buffer layers (EF‐CBLs) improve charge extraction in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) by blending an electron‐conducting fullerene with a wide energy gap exciton‐blocking molecule. It is found that devices with EF‐CBLs with high glass transition temperatures and a low crystallization rate produce highly stable morphologies and devices. The most stable OPVs employ 1:1 2,2′,2″‐(1,3,5‐benzenetriyl tris‐[1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazole] TPBi:C70 buffers that lose <20% of their initial power conversion efficiency of 6.6 ± 0.6% after 2700 h under continuous simulated AM1.5G illumination, and show no significant degradation after 100 days of outdoor aging. When exposed to 100‐sun (100 kW m−2) concentrated solar illumination for 5 h, their power conversion efficiencies decrease by <8%. Moreover, it is found that the reliability of the devices employing stable EF‐CBLs has either reduced or no dependence on operating temperature up to 130 °C compared with BPhen:C60 devices whose fill factors show thermally activated degradation. The robustness of TPBi:C70 devices under extreme aging conditions including outdoor exposure, high temperature, and concentrated illumination is promising for the future of OPV as a stable solar cell technology.
Accelerating Enzymatic Catalysis Using Vortex Fluidics
Authors: Britton Joshua , Meneghini Luz M. , Raston Colin L. , Weiss Gregory A.
Published: August 2016

Enzymes catalyze chemical transformations with outstanding stereo‐ and regio‐specificities, but many enzymes are limited by their long reaction times. A general method to accelerate enzymes using pressure waves contained within thin films is described. Each enzyme responds best to specific frequencies of pressure waves, and an acceleration landscape for each protein is reported. A vortex fluidic device introduces pressure waves that drive increased rate constants (kcat) and enzymatic efficiency (kcat/Km). Four enzymes displayed an average seven‐fold acceleration, with deoxyribose‐5‐phosphate aldolase (DERA) achieving an average 15‐fold enhancement using this approach. In solving a common problem in enzyme catalysis, a powerful, generalizable tool for enzyme acceleration has been uncovered. This research provides new insights into previously uncontrolled factors affecting enzyme function.
Nanomedizin auf Phagenbasis: von Sonden zu Therapeutika für eine Präzisionsmedizin
Authors: Sunderland Kegan S. , Yang Mingying , Mao Chuanbin
Published: August 2016

Dieser Aufsatz betrachtet Nanopartikel auf Basis lytischer und temperenter Bakteriophagen in der Nanomedizin, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung von Nanosonden für eine präzise Diagnostik und Nanotherapeutika für eine gezielte Krankheitsbehandlung. Phagen infizieren normalerweise keine eukaryotischen Zellen und sind daher für diese nicht toxisch. Sie können allerdings zum einen genetisch so verändert werden, dass sie spezifisch an Nanopartikel, Zellen, Gewebe und Organe binden, und können zum anderen in funktionale abiotische Nanomaterialien integriert werden, wo sie die Diagnose und Therapie von Erkrankungen ermöglichen. In diesem Aufsatz wird der Einsatz von Phagenstrukturen in der Nanomedizin zusammengefasst; Beispiele sind der hochempfindliche Nachweis von Biomarkern, eine verbesserte biologische Bildgebung zur Krankheitserkennung sowie zielgerichtete Wirkstoff‐ und Genapplikation. Außerdem werden Vorschläge zur weiteren Entwicklung einer Phagen‐basierten Nanomedizin gemacht, und der aktuelle Stand entsprechender klinischer Studien wird dargestellt.
Phage‐Enabled Nanomedicine: From Probes to Therapeutics in Precision Medicine
Authors: Sunderland Kegan S. , Yang Mingying , Mao Chuanbin
Published: August 2016

Both lytic and temperate bacteriophages (phages) can be applied in nanomedicine, in particular, as nanoprobes for precise disease diagnosis and nanotherapeutics for targeted disease treatment. Since phages are bacteria‐specific viruses, they do not naturally infect eukaryotic cells and are not toxic to them. They can be genetically engineered to target nanoparticles, cells, tissues, and organs, and can also be modified with functional abiotic nanomaterials for disease diagnosis and treatment. This Review will summarize the current use of phage structures in many aspects of precision nanomedicine, including ultrasensitive biomarker detection, enhanced bioimaging for disease diagnosis, targeted drug and gene delivery, directed stem cell differentiation, accelerated tissue formation, effective vaccination, and nanotherapeutics for targeted disease treatment. We will also propose future directions in the area of phage‐based nanomedicines, and discuss the state of phage‐based clinical trials.
Retroviral particles are effectively purified on an affinity matrix containing peptides selected by phage‐display
Authors: Fernandes Cláudia S. M. , Barbosa Inês , Castro Rute , Pina Ana Sofia , Coroadinha Ana Sofia , Barbas Ana , Roque A. Cecília A.
Published: August 2016

Retroviral particles are expensive to manufacture, mostly due to the downstream processing steps which result in low recoveries (≈30%) and concentration factors. In this work, a dodecapeptide phage‐display library was panned against retrovirus like particles expressing the envelope protein Ampho4070A (VLPs‐AMPHO) and VLPs without the target protein, used as a negative control (VLPs). A depletion/selection panning protocol was successfully used to deal with the structural complexity of the target, and a total of three distinct peptide sequences displaying preferential binding towards VLPs‐AMPHO were found. Peptide 3 (CAAALAKPHTENHLLT), which appeared as one lead candidate, was synthesized and immobilized onto two purification matrices, cross‐linked agarose and magnetic particles. The matrices selectively bound VLPs‐AMPHO and in both cases recovery yields higher than 90% were obtained when employing mild elution conditions, while maintaining viral particle morphology and size.
Increasing the Activity and Efficiency of Stereoselective Oxidations by using Decoy Molecules in Combination with Rate‐Enhancing Variants of P450Bm3
Authors: Munday Samuel D. , Dezvarei Shaghayegh , Bell Stephen G.
Published: August 2016

The use of rate‐accelerating variants of P450Bm3 coupled with decoy molecules is described, resulting in improved catalytic activity for hydroxylation and epoxidation reactions. Prochiral substrates were investigated to ascertain the effect of the mutant enzymes and the decoy molecules on the regio‐ and enantioselectivity of the oxidations. For the alkyl and alkene substituted benzene substrates tested, large improvements in the product formation activity over the wild‐type enzyme were obtained. The product formation rates for the substrates tested ranged from 660 to 2210 nmol (nmol P450)−1 min−1 for variants containing the R47L and Y51F mutations. Although the regioselectivity was not significantly altered in most of the turnovers, some adjustment in the enantioselectivity was observed with smaller substrates. The addition of decoy molecules often resulted in improved enantioselectivity and counteracted reductions arising from the rate‐accelerating mutants.
Boosting High‐Rate Lithium Storage of V2O5 Nanowires by Self‐Assembly on N‐Doped Graphene Nanosheets
Authors: Gao Xiao‐Tian , Zhu Xiao‐Dong , Le Shi‐Ru , Yan Du‐Juan , Qu Cai‐Yu , Feng Yu‐Jie , Sun Ke‐Ning , Liu Yi‐Tao
Published: August 2016

V2O5 is a promising cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries owing to its extremely high theoretical capacity (440 mA h g−1 when storing 3 Li+ ions and 294 mA h g−1 when storing 2 Li+). However, drawbacks such as a strong inclination to aggregate and the low conductivity inherent to nanostructured V2O5 drastically deteriorate its cycle and rate performances. Hence, hybridizing it with a conductive matrix (e.g. graphene) for improved electrochemical performance is an interesting concept. It is well established that heteroatom functionalization (e.g. N doping) can tailor the chemical properties of graphene by influencing the neighboring carbon atoms to enhance conductivity and electrochemical activity. Herein, a high‐rate cathode material is fabricated by self‐assembly of V2O5 nanowires on N‐doped graphene nanosheets, followed by heat treatment to optimize the electrochemical performance. The synergistic effects of the resulting V2O5/N‐doped graphene nanohybrids are demonstrated by their excellent rate capability: they deliver very high capacities of 273, 242, 206, 181, and 161 mA h g−1 at current densities of 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 mA g−1.
MYB expression: Potential role in separating adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) from pleomorphic adenoma (PA)
Authors: Moon Andres , Cohen Cynthia , Siddiqui Momin T.
Published: August 2016

Background

Basaloid tumors of the salivary gland both benign and malignant comprise ACC, cellular PA, basal cell adenoma (BCA), and basal cell adenocarcinoma. Rendering a diagnosis given a limited biopsy or fine needle aspiration (FNA) sample proves challenging. Activation of MYB by gene fusion has been found in salivary gland ACCs; therefore we investigated the utility of MYB immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a tool for distinguishing ACCs from other basaloid neoplasms.

Methods

We selected 48 cases of ACC (11 FNA blocks [CB]), 37 histologic resections [HR]), 74 PA (36 CB, 38 HR), and 18 BCA (7 CB, 11 HR). FNA CB showed 82% of ACCs (N = 9 of 11) as positive for MYB nuclear staining whereas 68% of ACCs (N = 25 of 37) were positive in HR.

Results

All PA were negative for MYB nuclear staining in both CB (N = 0 of 36) and HR (N = 0 of 38). CB showed 29% of BCA (N = 2 of 7) as positive for MYB nuclear staining and 55% (N = 6 of 11) positive in HR. Both ACC and BCA showed significantly higher mean staining intensity than PA in both CB and HR (P < 0.0001). When comparing ACC and BCA, significantly higher mean staining intensity was observed in CB (P = 0.02382) but not in HR (P = 0.42952).

Conclusion

MYB nuclear staining may prove useful in separating ACC from PA and BCA, especially in limited cellular samples. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:799–804. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reversible Redox Transformations of Bridging Sulfide Ligands within Bioctahedral Rhenium Cluster Anions
Authors: Gayfulin Yakov M. , Smolentsev Anton I. , Yanshole Lyudmila V. , Kozlova Svetlana G. , Mironov Yuri V.
Published: August 2016

The present study provides new experimental data on the reactivity of sulfur‐based ligands connected to Re atoms. It was recently discovered that oxidation of µ‐S ligands within the bioctahedral [Re12CS14(µ‐S)3(CN)6]6– cluster anion using H2O2 led to the formation of µ‐SO2 and µ‐SO3 products. This work is focused on the investigation of the opposite process – reduction of the [Re12CS14(µ‐SO2)3(CN)6]6– anion to [Re12CS14(µ‐S)3(CN)6]6– by sulfide ions in an aqueous medium under mild conditions. The reduction results in a slow change of the solution colour, making it possible to investigate in detail the intermediate products. Analysis of the reaction mixture by ESI mass spectrometry revealed that a series of cluster anions [Re12CS17On(CN)6]6– (n = 0–5) was generated during the process. This indicates stepwise chemical reduction of bridging SO2 ligands proceeding through the formation of µ‐SO ligands. In this way, twelve‐nuclear rhenium clusters demonstrate a unique, fully reversible redox cycle of their µ‐bridging ligands, keeping the cluster core unchanged. Two mixed‐ligand cluster anions, [Re12CS14(µ‐SO2)2(µ‐S)(CN)6]6– and [Re12CS14(µ‐SO2)(µ‐S)2(CN)6]6–, were found to be the major reaction intermediates. The former was crystallised with [Cu(NH3)5]2+ and [Cd(NH3)n]2+ ammine cations and investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. To understand the electronic structure and charge distribution in [Re12CS17On(CN)6]6– cluster anions, DFT calculations were also carried out.
Electrophile‐Induced Cyclization of 3‐Alkynyl‐2‐arylquinoxalines: A Method for Benzo‐ and Naphthophenazine Synthesis
Authors: Gulevskaya Anna V.
Published: August 2016

A facile synthesis of benzo[a]‐, naphtho[1,2‐a]‐ and naphtho[2,1‐a]phenazines by ICl‐promoted 6‐endo‐dig cyclization of 3‐alkynyl‐2‐arylquinoxalines has been developed. The starting 3‐alkynyl‐2‐arylquinoxalines were synthesized from 2,3‐dichloroquinoxaline by two successive Sonogashira and Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. The method works well for 3‐alkynyl‐2‐arylquinoxalines bearing various functional groups at the alkyne moiety. The arrangement and nature of the substituent in the 2‐aryl fragment affect the regioselectivity of the cyclization. For the substrate of one particular type, namely 2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐(p‐tolylethynyl)quinoxaline, the treatment with ICl leads to the alternative 5‐endo‐dig cyclization followed by demethylation of the methoxy group to give a spirocyclohexadienone derivative.
Azido(tert‐butylperoxy)methyl Compounds – An Exceptional Class of Energetic Materials
Authors: Klapötke Thomas. M. , Rotariu Traian , Stiasny Benedikt , Stierstorfer Jörg , Wiegmann Sebastian , Zecheru Teodora
Published: August 2016

Azido(tert‐butylperoxy)methyl group containing molecules derived from difunctional carbonyl compounds were prepared and fully characterized by using a range of analytical methods. The molecular structure of a representative compound was determined by X‐ray diffraction, which is the first example of a molecular structure of this class of molecule. The sensitivities of the molecules were measured, and the performance values of the compounds were calculated by using the EXPLO5 program.
A Concise Organocatalytic Synthesis of 3‐Deoxy‐2‐ulosonic Acids through Cinchona‐Alkaloid‐Promoted Aldol Reactions of Pyruvate
Authors: Molenda Marta A. , Baś Sebastian , Mlynarski Jacek
Published: August 2016

Direct cross‐aldol reactions of a pyruvate ester with chiral aldehydes, mediated by purely organic catalysts, is described as a crucial step in the synthesis of ulosonic acids. Cinchona alkaloids containing a tertiary amine group efficiently promote direct aldol reactions of a sterically hindered pyruvate ester with various sugar aldehydes. The pyruvic acid ester can be directly used as chemical equivalent of PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) in imitation of the synthetic principle used in nature. The appropriate combination of a chiral aldehyde with a chiral catalyst allows the flexible preparation of anti‐ or syn‐configured aldols, as desired. As a result, concise syntheses of diverse six‐, seven‐, eight‐, and nine‐carbon ulosonic acid esters are described, by using a biomimetic three‐carbon chain elongation of various sugar aldehydes. Consequently, short and practical syntheses of several ulosonic acids, including three important naturally occurring sugars – 3‐deoxy‐d‐erythro‐hex‐2‐ulosonic acid (KDG), 3‐deoxy‐d‐manno‐oct‐2‐ulosonic acid (KDO), and the rare 3‐deoxyglucosone (3DG), in good overall yields are presented.
Electric Field Modulation of Silicon upon Tethering of Highly Charged Nucleic Acids. Capacitive Studies on DNA‐modified Silicon (111)
Authors: Gebala Magdalena , La Mantia Fabio , Michaels Pauline Eugene , Ciampi Simone , Gupta Bakul , Parker Stephen G. , Tavallaie Roya , Gooding J. Justin
Published: August 2016

We provide complex capacitance studies which show that the tethering of negatively‐charged DNA molecules to p‐doped silicon (111), without intervening oxide layer, leads to changes of the electric field in the underlying silicon. We proposed, that the tethering of the DNA leads to the formation of surface states that, from the electronic point of view, resemble the major carriers of p‐type silicon, i.e. holes. This effect is enhanced by the formation of double‐stranded (ds)DNA molecules and hence is the premise to label‐free detection of the DNA hybridization. Overall, our studies provide a promising alternative to design a biosensor to detect the hybridization of DNA molecules on the silicon surface.
A new CE with contactless conductivity detection method for the determination of complex cationic compositions: Application to the analysis of pen inks
Authors: Sáiz Jorge , Martín‐Alberca Carlos , Mai Thanh Duc , García‐Ruiz Carmen
Published: August 2016

A CE with contactless conductivity detection methodology using a novel background electrolyte for the separation and determination of 17 metal cations (Cs+, Rb+, K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Li+, Ba2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+) and ammonium has been investigated. The buffer, based on lactic acid and β‐alanine, was experimentally compared with other two commonly used electrolytes, showing important improvements, such as shorter analysis times (<11 min), better electrophoretic resolutions and higher detectabilities for certain analytes, such as Fe2+ and Pb2+. The inclusion of other additives such as 18‐Crown‐6 and α‐hydroxyisobutyric acid was studied in order to obtain the best separation of the analytes of interest. The optimised method was applied to the analysis of 11 water‐based pen inks and the determination of their metal composition. The methodology was demonstrated for the comparison and differentiation of pen inks.
High concentration CO2 sequestration by using microalgae in staged cultivation
Authors: Huang Guanhua , Li Tao , Chen Feng , He Huan , Kuang YaLi
Published: August 2016

The acclimated fresh water microalga Chlorella vulgaris has the excellent growing capability in the process of staged cultivation (SC). In this study, the alga solutions with low (106/mL) and high (107/m) cell densities showed different abilities of growth with different levels of CO2–air mixture gases[5%, 10%, 15% (v/v)]. The SC process can improve the algal mass productivity rapidly by the aerating increased concentrations of CO2 of mixed gases into the algae solution in a short time. The results showed that the cell density was improved to 1.72 g L−1 within 7 days, showing 3.1, 1.48, and 1.70 times improvement compared to that in the biomass from the culture with separate 5, 10, and 15% CO2–air mixture gases. Besides, there were not the obvious distinctions on the contents of biochemicals (carbohydrate, protein, and lipid) from these algae. This study proved that SC process was an efficient method to improve biomass productivity of Chlorella sp. in a short time with low initial cell density. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1862–1867, 2016
Nuclear respiratory factor‐1 (NRF‐1) regulated hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) under hypoxia in HEK293T
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Jie , Lu Yapeng , Luo Qianqian , Zhu Li
Published: August 2016

Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) is a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis. Under hypoxia, the active HIF1‐α subunits are mainly regulated through increased protein stabilization. Little is known concerning HIF‐1α transcriptional regulation. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF‐1) is a DNA‐binding transcription factor that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis. In this study, we showed that NRF‐1was a repressor of HIF‐1α. The cellular depletion of NRF‐1 by siRNA targeting leads to increased HIF‐1αtranscriptional activity. EMSA, ChIP and luciferase activity allowed the identification of two functional NRF‐1 binding sites within HIF‐1α promoter. This study therefore identifies NRF‐1 as a novel regulator of HIF‐1α. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(9):748–755, 2016
Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo‐Devo) Research in Latin America
Authors: Marcellini Sylvain , González Favio , Sarrazin Andres F. , Pabón‐Mora Natalia , Benítez Mariana , Piñeyro‐Nelson Alma , Rezende Gustavo L. , Maldonado Ernesto , Schneider Patricia Neiva , Grizante Mariana B. , Da Fonseca Rodrigo Nunes , Vergara‐Silva Francisco , Suaza‐Gaviria Vanessa , Zumajo‐Cardona Cecilia , Zattara Eduardo E. , Casasa Sofia , Suárez‐Baron Harold , Brown Federico D.
Published: August 2016

Famous for its blind cavefish and Darwin's finches, Latin America is home to some of the richest biodiversity hotspots of our planet. The Latin American fauna and flora inspired and captivated naturalists from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including such notable pioneers such as Fritz Müller, Florentino Ameghino, and Léon Croizat who made a significant contribution to the study of embryology and evolutionary thinking. But, what are the historical and present contributions of the Latin American scientific community to Evo‐Devo? Here, we provide the first comprehensive overview of the Evo‐Devo laboratories based in Latin America and describe current lines of research based on endemic species, focusing on body plans and patterning, systematics, physiology, computational modeling approaches, ecology, and domestication. Literature searches reveal that Evo‐Devo in Latin America is still in its early days; while showing encouraging indicators of productivity, it has not stabilized yet, because it relies on few and sparsely distributed laboratories. Coping with the rapid changes in national scientific policies and contributing to solve social and health issues specific to each region are among the main challenges faced by Latin American researchers. The 2015 inaugural meeting of the Pan‐American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology played a pivotal role in bringing together Latin American researchers eager to initiate and consolidate regional and worldwide collaborative networks. Such networks will undoubtedly advance research on the extremely high genetic and phenotypic biodiversity of Latin America, bound to be an almost infinite source of amazement and fascinating findings for the Evo‐Devo community.
Influence of intraseasonal variability on precipitation in northern South America during the winter season
Authors: de Oliveira Cristiano P. , Ambrizzi Tercio , Aimola Luis
Published: August 2016

Intraseasonal precipitation, wind, and vertically integrated moisture flux variability were assessed from June to August between 1998 and 2009. To that end, we used daily precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and ERA‐Interim reanalysis. The composites of precipitation anomalies showed that during the intraseasonal enhancement of convective activity over the area assessed, increased precipitation occurs over the northern coast of South America; the opposite is true during the decrease in intraseasonal convective activity. The convective activity over the region of maximum precipitation variance is intraseasonally enhanced during 210 days, whereas the decrease occurs during 194 days. During the days on which the convective activity over the region of maximum precipitation variance was enhanced (decreased) by the Madden–Julian oscillation, the frequency of African easterly waves (AEWs) cases was greater (lower). The most significant average characteristics observed during this period were the displacement of positive precipitation anomalies toward the north and the intensification of the flux toward the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. This pattern disfavours precipitation over the northern coast of South America. On the other hand, during the dry period of Madden–Julian oscillation, there was a decrease in AEWs cases which, although there was negative precipitation anomalies over the northern coast of South America, there were positive anomalies over northwest South America. Therefore, the increase (decrease) in convective activity over the region of maximum precipitation variance favours (disfavours) the frequency of AEWs over this region and, consequently, the precipitation over the northern coast of South America decreases (increases) during the dry season (June to August).
Arguing against the proposed definition changes of PD
Authors: Boeve Bradley F. , Dickson Dennis W. , Duda John E. , Ferman Tanis J. , Galasko Douglas R. , Galvin James E. , Goldman Jennifer G. , Growdon John H. , Hurtig Howard I. , Kaufer Daniel I. , Kantarci Kejal , Leverenz James B. , Lippa Carol F. , Lopez Oscar L. , McKeith Ian G. , Singleton Andrew B. , Taylor Angela , Tsuang Debby , Weintraub Daniel , Zabetian Cyrus P.
Published: August 2016

As members of the Lewy Body Dementia Association Scientific Advisory Council, we aim to address some of the issues raised in the article titled “Time to Redefine PD? Introductory Statement of the MDS Task Force on the Definition of Parkinson's Disease.” In particular, we suggest that the 1‐year rule distinguishing Parkinson's disease dementia from dementia with Lewy bodies is worth maintaining because it serves an important purpose in clinical practice and clinical and basic science research and when helping the lay community understand the complexity of these different clinical phenotypes. Furthermore, we believe that adding an additional diagnostic label, “PD (dementia with Lewy bodies subtype),” will confuse rather than clarify the distinction between dementia with Lewy bodies and PD or PD dementia, and will not improve management or expedite therapeutic development. We present arguments supporting our contentions. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.