bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Upgrading Rates of International Society of Urological Pathology Grades and Tumor Laterality in Patients Undergoing Standard 12-Core Prostate Biopsy versus Fusion Prostate Biopsy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Demirtaş Abdullah , Sönmez Gökhan , Tombul Şevket Tolga , Demirtaş Türev , Akgün Hülya
Published: July 2019

Background: Histopathological discrepancies between biopsy and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens may lead to unnecessary, excessive, or incomplete treatment in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Objectives: To compare the upgrading rates of International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades and tumor laterality in patients that underwent standard 12-core transrectal ultrasound-guided standard prostate biopsy (SPB) versus multiparametric magnetic resonance-guided fusion prostate biopsy (FPB) for PCa. Methods: This retrospective study included 152 patients that underwent prostate biopsy and RP in our clinic. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A (n = 90) included patients that underwent SPB and Group B (n = 62) included patients that underwent FPB (targeted biopsy + standard biopsy). Upgrading of ISUP grades, tumor laterality, and upgrading of tumor laterality were compared between the 2 groups. Upgrading of tumor laterality defined as detection of tumor at both lobes in RP pathology while it was at unilateral lobe in biopsy pathology. Results: ISUP grade 1 was the most common histopathology in both groups. The ISUP upgrading rate on final pathology was significantly lower in the FPB group compared to the SPB group (22.7 vs. 37.7%; p < 0.048). Similarly, the upgrading rate of tumor laterality was lower in the FPB group compared to the SPB group (37.7 vs. 9.7%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results suggested that FPB can provide more accurate results compared to SPB.
Optimizing Screening Colonoscopy: Strategies and Alternatives
Authors: Allescher Hans-Dieter , Weingart Vincens
Published: July 2019

Screening colonoscopy is the most effective screening procedure for the prevention of colorectal cancer. The efficacy of colonoscopy is highly dependent on the overall quality of how this procedure is indicated, planned, prepared, and performed. The quality is directly linked to the number of polyps and/or adenomas detected or, in other words, to the number of polyps or adenomas missed during the procedure. The quality has a direct impact on the rate of interval carcinoma and on the range of how the incidence and occurrence of colorectal cancer is reduced. This review summarizes the current status on general measures and procedure improvements and standards as well as technical advances which have been suggested and established to improve the quality of polyp and adenoma detection rate. This includes selection and preparation of the patients, planning, methodological and technical performance of the procedure, and technical advances of the endoscope technology in order to improve screening results. It also covers new technologies with wide angle endoscopes (Ewave) and IT-based approaches using artificial intelligence to such as ai4GI for the polyp detection and image analysis.
A cidade caracterizada por seus espaços livres
Authors: Amorim Nayara Cristina Rosa , Cocozza Glauco De Paula
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a forma urbana, a paisagem e os espaços livres de Patos de Minas, cidade média de Minas Gerais-Brasil, buscando compreender a configuração do Sistema de Espaços Livres. O estudo segue atravésanalises sobre o suporte ambiental, a configuração espacial e inserção dos espaços livres na forma urbana, auxiliando na compreensão da relação sistêmica desses espaços, suas funções, potencialidades, apropriações e demandas de gestão, contribuindo assim para a leitura da estrutura morfológica da cidade.
Peculiar clinical presentation of primary syphilis in the oral cavity
Authors: Tenório Jefferson Da Rocha , Guimarães Letícia Drumond de Abreu , Matuck Bruno Fernandes , Conceição Thalita Santana , Oliveira Matheus Sampaio de , Sousa Suzane Cantanhede Orsini Machado de
Published: July 2019

Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection, has increased in incidence over the years, especially among the adult popu­lation. The oral manifestation of primary syphilis is usually characterized by a clinical course variable in which it pro­gresses to the next stages if not treated. In this report, we present two cases of oral manifestation of primary syphilitic lesion with peculiar clinical characteristics, and we emphasize the importance of a correct diagnosis. Biopsies were needed for differential diagnosis and serological exams were requested. The histopathological analysis suggested the diagnosis and the immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of Treponema pallidum. Antibiotic therapy was ini­tiated with complete remission of the lesion. Therefore, a thorough anamnesis and a thorough clinical examination are essential for establishing the correct diagnosis, to begin the treatment of syphilis as soon as possible, thus avoiding the disease’s progression.
Perfil de sinais e sintomas osteomoleculares relacionados ao trabalho em odontologia
Authors: Carvalho Franderson Marques de , Vidal Carla Larissa , Reis Andréa Cândido dos
Published: July 2019

A prática da odontologia submete o profissional a fatores de risco que, quando não aplicadas formas de prevenção, levam ao desenvolvimento de lesões de distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT). Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência de DORT em professores da clínica odontológica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Vale do Rio Verde (UninCor) do campus de Três Corações (MG). Materiais e métodos: 35 docentes odontólogos da clínica de odontologia da UninCor responderam a um questionário sobre DORT relacionados à profissão docente de cirurgiões-dentistas. Resultados: a média de trabalho entre os participantes seria de 9,87 horas por dia e 48,4 horas por semana. Dos indivíduos participantes, apenas dois não tinham conhecimento de DORT, A maioria dos participantes apresentaram um ou mais sintomas relacionados a DORT, sendo que dois apresentavam no início do dia e 18 ao final. Apenas quatro dos profissionais realizam exercícios para prevenção, apesar de 17 terem conhecimento da existência deles. O sintoma mais frequente na amostra foi tensão ou dor muscular. Conclusões: conclui-se que a elevada presença de sintomas de DORT em cirurgiões-dentistas está relacionada ao estilo de vida e à ausência de formas de prevenção na rotina desses profissionais.
Magnetic resonance imaging of salivary glands
Authors: Nishimura Danielle Ayumi , Carneiro Ana Luiza Esteves , Costa Kaisermann , Campos Wladimir Gushiken de , Oliveira Jefferson Xavier de , Arita Emiko Saito
Published: July 2019

Salivary glands tumors account for 2-5% of tumors in the head and neck region, possibly being benign or malignant. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presents high soft tissue contrast resolution, thus being an excellent method for salivary gland analysis. The objective of this literature review is to analyze MRI as an evaluation instrument for the diagnosis of salivary glands lesions. Compared to other imaging techniques, MRI can better evaluate the relationship between adjacent anatomical structures, presenting greater sensitivity and specificity.
Triticeal cartilage calcification
Authors: Munhoz Luciana , Costa Camila Lobato da Silva , Adami Júnior Nelson , Monteiro Solange Aparecida Caldeira , Arita Emiko Saito , Watanabe Plauto Christopher Aranha
Published: July 2019

The triticeal cartilage (TC) is a tiny oval-shaped cartilage located at the lateral border of the thyrohyoid membrane between the hyoid bone greater horn and the thyroid cartilage superior horn. The exact function o TC is unknown; it has been proposed that TC was the site of the attachment for the triticeoglossus muscle. On panoramic radiographs, calcified TC may be observed in the soft tissues of the pharynx region, positioned inferior to the greater horn of the hyoid bone and adjacent to the superior border of the C4 vertebrae. The major concern of a calcified TC found incidentally in a routine radiographic examination is the differentiation between this alteration and other calcified tissue manifestations that require additional investigations, such as carotid calcified atheroma artery or other neck pathology such as foreign bodies. Thus, this report describes 3 cases in which TC calcifications were incidentally found in panoramic radiographs.
Three-dimensional evaluation of mucoepidermoid carcinoma on the hard palate
Authors: Silva Ingrid Safira de Freitas , Pinto Antonione Santos Bezerra , Lopes Sérgio Lúcio Pereira de Castro , Mendes Jean Pinho , Ferraz Brenda Castro Rodrigues , Carvalho Matheus Santos , Farias Alan Leandro Carvalho de , Costa André Luiz Ferreira
Published: July 2019

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is of unknown aetiopathology, but it may be related to genetic factors, exposure to ionizing radiation and smoking habits as well. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is considered the most common malignant neoplasm of salivary glands found in the oral cavity, with its clinical characteristics (e.g., size and shape) favoring the diagnosis and treatment planning. This report describes a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma which infiltrates into the maxillary sinus and nasal fossa through the palate and highlights the importance of obtaining three-dimensional (3D) images of the tumor for volumetric analysis, thus improving the chances of a successful surgery. We have described the use of the segmentation technique in which the tumor’s volume was calculated to help in predicting surgical outcomes. A 50-year-old patient sought dental treatment because of a purplish swelling in the hard palate region on the left side. Computed tomography examination was performed for visualization of the lesion and incisional biopsy for obtaining a sample, which was sent to anatomopathological study. Histological characteristics of the lesion and presence of neoplastic cells showed positive immunohistochemical reactions for cytokeratin 7 antibody, leading to a diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. In view of the malignant characteristics of the lesion, the patient was referred to a head and neck surgeon for treatment.
Deletion of the Cardiomyocyte Glucocorticoid Receptor Leads to Sexually Dimorphic Changes in Cardiac Gene Expression and Progression to Heart Failure
Authors: Cruz‐Topete Diana , Oakley Robert H. , Carroll Natalie G. , He Bo , Myers Page H. , Xu Xiaojiang , Watts Megan N. , Trosclair Krystle , Glasscock Edward , Dominic Paari , Cidlowski John A.
Published: July 2019

Background

The contribution of glucocorticoids to sexual dimorphism in the heart is essentially unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the sexually dimorphic actions of glucocorticoid signaling in cardiac function and gene expression. To accomplish this goal, we conducted studies on mice lacking glucocorticoid receptors (
GR
) in cardiomyocytes (cardio
GRKO
mouse model).

Methods and Results

Deletion of cardiomyocyte
GR
leads to an increase in mortality because of the development of spontaneous cardiac pathology in both male and female mice; however, females are more resistant to
GR
signaling inactivation in the heart. Male cardio
GRKO
mice had a median survival age of 6 months. In contrast, females had a median survival age of 10 months. Transthoracic echocardiography data showed phenotypic differences between male and female cardio
GRKO
hearts. By 3 months of age, male cardio
GRKO
mice exhibited left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Conversely, no significant functional deficits were observed in female cardio
GRKO
mice at the same time point. Functional sensitivity of male hearts to the loss of cardiomyocyte
GR
was reversed following gonadectomy.
RNA
‐Seq analysis showed that deleting
GR
in the male hearts leads to a more profound dysregulation in the expression of genes implicated in heart rate regulation (calcium handling). In agreement with these gene expression data, cardiomyocytes isolated from male cardio
GRKO
hearts displayed altered intracellular calcium responses. In contrast, female
GR
‐deficient cardiomyocytes presented a response comparable with controls.

Conclusions

These data suggest that
GR
regulates calcium responses in a sex‐biased manner, leading to sexually distinct responses to stress in male and female mice hearts, which may contribute to sex differences in heart disease, including the development of ventricular arrhythmias that contribute to heart failure and sudden death.
Radial Artery Catheterization for Neuroendovascular Procedures
Authors: Khanna Omaditya , Sweid Ahmad , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Shivashankar Kavya , Xu Vivan , Velagapudi Lohit , Stricsek Geoffrey , Amllay Abdelaziz , Texakalidis Pavlos , Gooch M. Reid , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal M.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—

Radial artery catheterization is an alternate route of access that has started to gain more widespread use for neuroendovascular procedures, and there have been few studies that describe its safety and efficacy. We present our institution’s experience in performing neuroendovascular interventions via a transradial approach, with excellent clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction measures.

Methods—

We conducted a retrospective analysis and identified 223 patients who underwent 233 consecutive neuroendovascular interventions via radial artery access at our institution. The incidence of perioperative and postprocedural complications was investigated. We identified a subset of 98 patients who have undergone both transradial and transfemoral cerebral angiograms and compared clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction measures between the 2 groups.

Results—

The overall incidence of complications was low across all procedures performed via transradial access. Peri-procedurally, only 2 patients had symptomatic radial artery spasm, and there were no instances of iatrogenic complications (vessel dissection, stroke, and hemorrhage). In 10 cases (4.3%), the intended procedure could not be completed via a transradial approach, and, thus, femoral artery access had to be pursued instead. Ten patients complained of minor postprocedural complications, although none required therapeutic intervention. The mean procedure time was shorter for diagnostic angiograms performed via transradial versus transfemoral access (18.8±15.8 versus 39.5±31.1 minutes;
P
=0.025). Patients overall reported shorter recovery times with transradial access, and the majority of patients (94%) would elect to have subsequent procedures performed via this route.

Conclusions—

Radial artery catheterization is a safe and durable alternative to perform a wide range of neuroendovascular procedures, with a low rate of complications. On the whole, patients prefer transradial compared with transfemoral access.
Assessment of a laboratory critical risk result notification protocol in a tertiary care hospital and their use in clinical decision making
Authors: Delgado Rodríguez Jose A. , Pastor García Maria I. , Gómez Cobo Cristina , Pons Más Antonia R. , Llompart Alabern Isabel , Miquel Bauça Josep
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Communication of laboratory critical risk results is essential for patient safety, as it allows early decision making. Our aims were: 1) to retrospectively evaluate the current protocol for telephone notification of critical risk results in terms of rates, efficiency and recipient satisfaction, 2) to assess their use in clinical decision making and 3) to suggest alternative tools for a better assessment of notification protocols. Materials and methods: The biochemical critical risk result notifications reported during 12 months by routine and STAT laboratories in a tertiary care hospital were reviewed. Total number of reports, time for the notification and main magnitudes with critical risk results were calculated. The use of notifications in clinical decision making was assessed by reviewing medical records. Satisfaction with the notification protocol was assessed through an online questionnaire to requesting physicians and nurses. Results: Critical result was yielded by 0.1% of total laboratory tests. Median time for notification was 3.2 min (STAT) and 16.9 min (routine). The magnitudes with a greater number of critical results were glucose and potassium for routine analyses, and troponin, sodium for STAT. Most notifications were not reflected in the medical records. Overall mean satisfaction with the protocol was 4.2/5. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that the current protocol is appropriate. Nevertheless, there are some limitations that hamper the evaluation of the impact on clinical decision making. Alternatives were proposed for a proper and precise evaluation.
The Imbalance between Female Scholars’ Abilities and Chances: Evidence from Sociologists in China
Authors: Cao Yajuan
Published: July 2019

Gender-based prejudice and discrimination are phenomena embedded in cultural stereotypes and organizational practices that can disadvantage women in academic hiring. This article analyzes the biographies of female scholars in sociology from 18 top universities in China, finding that although the number of female scholars is increasing, it is still substantially less than that of male scholars. Relative to the increasing enrollment rate of female college students, the ratio of female scholars has dropped. Female scholars show their strong performance in research, not only doing well in work evaluation but also further developing their specific fields of research. Female scholars’ research interests are not limited to “Marriage and Family” or “gender studies”, but extend into a wider field of vision area of research. Although this article has not found the reason why female scholars are underrepresented in universities’ hiring, it proves that the limitation of research interests and abilities of female scholars are not the explanation.
New fossil species of Nymphidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene of North America and Europe
Authors: ARCHIBALD S. BRUCE , MAKARKIN VLADIMIR N. , ANSORGE JÖRG
Published: July 2019

Two new fossil species of Nymphidae (Neuroptera) are described: Nymphes georgei sp. nov. from the Early Eocene locality at Republic, Washington, U.S.A., and Pronymphes hoffeinsorum sp. nov. from Late Eocene Baltic amber. The assignment of the new Republic species to Nymphes Leach maintains some doubt. This is the first fossil record of the genus (or one very closely related), today restricted to the Australian region, and its biogeographical implications are briefly discussed. The genus Pronymphes Krüger is considered to be valid and a diagnosis is provided, as is an amended diagnosis for the wings of Nymphes.
A review of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Turkey
Authors: LELEJ ARKADY S. , YILDIRIM EROL
Published: July 2019

Sixty five species in 21 genera are recorded from Turkey. The new species, Skorikovia anatolica Lelej, sp. nov. (Turkey), is described and illustrated. The hitherto unknown male is recognized for Pseudophotopsis schachruda (Skorikov). A new synonymy is proposed for Pseudophotopsis schachruda (Skorikov 1935) = Ephutomma schachruda var. robusta Skorikov 1935, syn. nov., E. mavromoustakisi Suárez 1959, syn. nov. A new status is proposed for Krombeinella gaullei (Invrea). The status is resurrected for Pseudophotopsis schachruda (Skorikov) and Dentilla erronea (André). Nine species are recorded for the first time from Turkey: Pseudophotopsis syriaca (André), Myrmilla anopla Skorikov, Tropidotilla semirufa (André), Mutilla richterae Lelej, Skorikovia radoszkovskii (Skorikov), S. transcaucasica (Lelej), Smicromyrme azerbaidzhanicus Lelej, S. novaki Invrea, and S. rufipes (Fabricius). Krombeinella gaullei (Invrea) is recorded for the first time from Bulgaria. Eleven species and one subspecies are excluded from the list of Turkish fauna. A key to five Palaearctic species of Skorikovia is given. A tabular checklist for the mutillid fauna of Turkey, Greece, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia includes 106 species and four subspecies. A cluster analysis of faunal similarities among these countries for Mutillidae produce two major clusters (index similarity 0.4): Turkey and Greece (bootstrap probability 95 %), and Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia (bootstrap probability 90 %), and demonstrates the important boundary between two large biogeographical subregions of Palaearctic: Mediterranean and Euro-Siberian. The Turkish fauna, especially its eastern part, is the transitional zone between these subregions. The mutillid fauna of Turkey consists of widely distributed in the Mediterranean (21), East Mediterranean (28), widely distributed in the Palaearctic (three) and Anatolian-Armenian (13) species, including five endemic species. The highest number of species is known from the Anatolian biogeographical province of Turkey: 55.
Danio aesculapii, a new species of danio from south-western Myanmar (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Authors: KULLANDER SVEN O. , FANG FANG
Published: July 2019

Danio aesculapii, new species, is described from small rivers on the western slope of the Rakhine Yoma in south-western Myanmar. It is superficially similar to D. choprae from northern Myanmar in having a series of vertical bars anteriorly on the side, but differs from it and other species of Danio in having six instead of seven or more branched dorsal-fin rays, and from all other species of Danio except D. erythromicron and D. kerri in having 12 instead of 10 or 14 circumpeduncular scale rows.
First confirmed species record of Hydroscaphidae from Peru: description of a new species of Yara Reichardt and Hinton, and key to species (Coleoptera: Hydroscaphidae)
Authors: TRUJILLO GABRIEL A. , CAÑOTE JAVIER
Published: July 2019

The Hydroscaphidae (“skiff beetles”) is a family of minute aquatic beetles within the suborder Myxophaga comprising four genera: Hydroscapha Le Conte, 1874; Scaphydra Reichardt, 1973; Yara Reichardt & Hinton, 1976 and Confossa Short et al., 2015. All genera are found within the Neotropical region, with the exception of Hydroscapha, which is widespread. Representatives of this family have been reported for Venezuela, Brazil, Panama (Short et al. 2015) and Nicaragua (Raudez et al. 2019).
Aenigmachanna mahabali, a new species of troglophilic snakehead (Pisces: Channidae) from Kerala, India
Authors: KUMAR RAHUL G , BASHEER V.S. , RAVI CHARAN
Published: July 2019

Aenigmachanna mahabali, a new species of troglophilic snakehead is described on the basis of a single specimen recovered from a well in Kerala, India, over 200km south of the type locality for the only known species in the genus. The new species can be distinguished from its congener in possessing fewer dorsal fin rays (53 vs 56-57), fewer total vertebrae (61 vs 64), fewer scales in lateral series (76 vs 83-85) and in the pectoral-fin rays being extended beyond the margin of the membrane into filaments.
Description of the third instar of Macraspis clavata (Olivier, 1789 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)
Authors: MEDEIROS RONE A.F. , FRAZÃO CARLOS A. V. , GROSSI PASCHOAL C. , FUHRMANN JUARES
Published: July 2019

The third instar of Macraspis clavata (Olivier, 1789), collected in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is described. Illustrations, comments on the natural history, and a key to third instar of Macraspis are also added.
FLUXNET-CH4 Synthesis Activity: Objectives, Observations, and Future Directions
Authors: Knox Sara H. , Jackson Robert B. , Poulter Benjamin , McNicol Gavin , Fluet-Chouinard Etienne , Zhang Zhen , Hugelius Gustaf , Bousquet Philippe , Canadell Josep G. , Saunois Marielle , Papale Dario , Chu Housen , Keenan Trevor F. , Baldocchi Dennis , Torn Margaret S. , Mammarella Ivan , Trotta Carlo , Aurela Mika , Bohrer Gil , Campbell David I. , Cescatti Alessandro , Chamberlain Samuel , Chen Jiquan , Chen Weinan , Dengel Sigrid , Desai Ankur R. , Euskirchen Eugenie , Friborg Thomas , Gasbarra Daniele , Goded Ignacio , Goeckede Mathias , Heimann Martin , Helbig Manuel , Hirano Takashi , Hollinger David Y. , Iwata Hiroki , Kang Minseok , Klatt Janina , Krauss Ken W. , Kutzbach Lars , Lohila Annalea , Mitra Bhaskar , Morin Timothy H. , Nilsson Mats B. , Niu Shuli , Noormets Asko , Oechel Walter C. , Peichl Matthias , Peltola Olli , Reba Michele L. , Richardson Andrew D. , Runkle Benjamin R. K. , Ryu Youngryel , Sachs Torsten , Schäfer Karina V. R. , Schmid Hans Peter , Shurpali Narasinha , Sonnentag Oliver , Tang Angela C. I. , Ueyama Masahito , Vargas Rodrigo , Vesala Timo , Ward Eric J. , Windham-Myers Lisamarie , Wohlfahrt Georg , Zona Donatella
Published: July 2019

This paper describes the formation of, and initial results for, a new FLUXNET coordination network for ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) measurements at 60 sites globally, organized by the Global Carbon Project in partnership with other initiatives and regional flux tower networks. The objectives of the effort are presented along with an overview of the coverage of eddy covariance (EC) CH4 flux measurements globally, initial results comparing CH4 fluxes across the sites, and future research directions and needs. Annual estimates of net CH4 fluxes across sites ranged from −0.2 ± 0.02 g C m–2 yr–1 for an upland forest site to 114.9 ± 13.4 g C m–2 yr–1 for an estuarine freshwater marsh, with fluxes exceeding 40 g C m–2 yr–1 at multiple sites. Average annual soil and air temperatures were found to be the strongest predictor of annual CH4 flux across wetland sites globally. Water table position was positively correlated with annual CH4 emissions, although only for wetland sites that were not consistently inundated throughout the year. The ratio of annual CH4 fluxes to ecosystem respiration increased significantly with mean site temperature. Uncertainties in annual CH4 estimates due to gap-filling and random errors were on average ±1.6 g C m–2 yr–1 at 95% confidence, with the relative error decreasing exponentially with increasing flux magnitude across sites. Through the analysis and synthesis of a growing EC CH4 flux database, the controls on ecosystem CH4 fluxes can be better understood, used to inform and validate Earth system models, and reconcile differences between land surface model- and atmospheric-based estimates of CH4 emissions.
Transoral Tubed Supraglottoplasty: A New Minimally Invasive Procedure for Aspiration
Authors: Ma Yue , Naunheim Matthew R. , Gregory Jill , Woo Peak
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

We describe a new procedure for aspiration called tubed supraglottoplasty (TS). TS is a transoral procedure that approximates the aryepiglottic (AE) folds and arytenoids. This narrows the laryngeal inlet. This procedure has been used to improve swallowing and reduce aspiration in patients with vocal fold paralysis. We describe the technical aspects of TS and report on 11 patients.

Methods:

TS is done by oral intubation followed by suspension laryngoscopy. An incision is made along the AE fold into the posterior commissure and then continued to the opposite AE fold. Dissection within this incision creates two mucosal flaps, one based on the laryngeal surface and the other on the pharyngeal surface. Two 1-cm releasing incisions are made at each end of the AE fold. The laryngeal mucosal flap is approximated using a 3-0 self-locking running suture. The pharyngeal mucosal flap is approximated as a second layer. This double-layered mucosal V-Y advancement flap builds up the posterior laryngeal height. It narrows and “tubes” the supraglottis.

Results:

All patients tolerated TS without airway complications. Ten of the 11 patients reported improved swallowing function with less aspiration. Six of the 8 patients with prior G-tubes had their gastrostomy tube removed. Postoperative laryngoscopy showed a narrowed “tubed” supraglottis with a higher posterior wall preventing spillover and aspiration. An improved Functional Oral Intake Scale was recorded in ten of eleven patients.

Conclusion:

TS is a minimally invasive procedure that can improve swallowing and reduce aspiration.
Microbiology of Pediatric Orbital Cellulitis and Trends in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Cases
Authors: Hsu Jerry , Treister Alison D. , Ralay Ranaivo Hantamalala , Rowley Anne H. , Rahmani Bahram
Published: July 2019

We reviewed medical records of children with orbital cellulitis with positive cultures at a tertiary institution from 2005 to 2018 to identify microbiology trends and features associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cases. Cultures obtained from the orbits (n = 33), sinuses (n = 31), and dural cavities (n = 4) had yields of 66.7%, 61.3%, and 75%, respectively, compared with 17.6% of blood cultures (n = 69). Fifty-five patients had positive culture results. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated (n = 19), followed by Streptococcus species, most commonly Streptococcus anginosus (n = 8). The most frequently prescribed antibiotic combination regimen was ampicillin-sulbactam followed by amoxicillin-clavulanate. There were 8 cases of MRSA. MRSA was associated with an age of presentation <1 year old ( P = .034). Other clinical features were similar between MRSA and non-MRSA cases. In infants and neonates, or those with epidemiologic risk factors, MRSA should also be considered.
Relationships and Mechanisms Between Occupational Risk Factors and Distal Upper Extremity Disorders
Authors: Keir Peter J. , Farias Zuniga Amanda , Mulla Daanish M. , Somasundram Kumara G.
Published: July 2019

Objective

The relationships between workplace risk factors and upper extremity injuries from epidemiological and laboratory studies were examined.

Background

Epidemiological studies are associated with several limitations, affecting the strength of association between risk factors and the development of injuries.

Method

In this narrative review, we identified epidemiological and laboratory studies (published primarily since 1997) investigating exposure to workplace risk factors (force, repetition, posture, vibration) and risk of hand/wrist tendon–related disorders, epicondylitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Results

Forceful exertions are strongly associated with hand/wrist tendon–related disorders, epicondylitis, and CTS. Dose–response relationships were found for epicondylitis (repetition) and CTS (posture). Interactions demonstrate multiplicative effects of risk factors for injury risk. Laboratory studies display clear associations between task demands and biomechanical measures linked to mechanisms for upper extremity injuries with animal models providing further evidence of a dose–response between risk factors and injury.

Conclusion

Forceful, repetitive work requiring non-neutral postures are associated with increasing risk of hand/wrist tendon–related disorders, epicondylitis, and CTS as evidenced by epidemiology studies and laboratory-based investigations of humans and animals.

Application

Understanding the relationship between exposure levels of workplace risk factors and upper extremity disorders can improve injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies.
Concepts of mental disorders in the United Kingdom: Similarities and differences between the lay public and psychiatrists
Authors: Butlin Ben , Laws Keith , Read Rebecca , Broome Matthew D , Sharma Shivani
Published: July 2019

Background:

The lay public often conceptualise mental disorders in a different way to mental health professionals, and this can negatively impact on outcomes when in treatment.

Aims:

This study explored which disorders the lay public are familiar with, which theoretical models they understand, which they endorse and how they compared to a sample of psychiatrists.

Methods:

The Maudsley Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ), typically used to assess mental health professional’s concepts of mental disorders, was adapted for use by a lay community sample ( N = 160). The results were compared with a sample of psychiatrists ( N = 76).

Results:

The MAQ appeared to be accessible to the lay public, providing some interesting preliminary findings: in order, the lay sample reported having the best understanding of depression followed by generalised anxiety, schizophrenia and finally antisocial personality disorder. They best understood spiritualist, nihilist and social realist theoretical models of these disorders, but were most likely to endorse biological, behavioural and cognitive models. The lay public were significantly more likely to endorse some models for certain disorders suggesting a nuanced understanding of the cause and likely cure, of various disorders. Ratings often differed significantly from the sample of psychiatrists who were relatively steadfast in their endorsement of the biological model.

Conclusion:

The adapted MAQ appeared accessible to the lay sample. Results suggest that the lay public are generally aligned with evidence-driven concepts of common disorders, but may not always understand or agree with how mental health professionals conceptualise them. The possible causes of these differences, future avenues for research and the implications for more collaborative, patient–clinician conceptualisations are discussed.
Social Support Benefits Psychological Adjustment of International Students: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bender Michael , van Osch Yvette , Sleegers Willem , Ye Mengyu
Published: July 2019

A growing body of literature is exploring the link between social support and international students’ psychological adjustment. So far, however, there has been no systematic assessment of the overall relationship, and no indication which types and sources of social support may be most strongly associated with psychological adjustment. Our meta-analysis of 257 effect sizes across 76 studies fills this gap and assesses (a) the magnitude of the overall association between social support and international students’ psychological adjustment, (b) how different types (subjective, objective, and mixed) and sources (host, conational, international, mixed, and unspecified) of social support moderate the relationship between social support and psychological adjustment, and (c) whether the relationship between social support and psychological adjustment holds across different operationalizations of psychological adjustment. We find a positive overall association ( r = .20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.16, 0.23]) between social support and international students’ psychological adjustment. Types and sources of social support matter as well: Subjective social support relates more strongly to psychological adjustment than objective social support. The data revealed that only support from mixed sources (i.e., not distinguishing between internationals, host, or conationals) is associated with a stronger effect of social support than support from conationals or from fellow international students (compared with support from host sources). We find no differences in the relation between social support and positive or negative adjustment. We outline recommendations for future research based on the meta-analysis.
Risk of Adverse Reactions to Oral Antibiotics Prescribed by Dentists
Authors: Thornhill M.H. , Dayer M.J. , Durkin M.J. , Lockhart P.B. , Baddour L.M.
Published: July 2019

Dentists prescribe a large portion of all oral antibiotics, and these are associated with a risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of ADRs associated with oral antibiotics commonly prescribed by dentists. NHS Digital Prescribing data and Yellow Card Drug Analysis data for 2010 to 2017 were abstracted to quantify dental antibiotic prescribing in England, and the rate and types of ADRs associated with them. During the period of study, the mean number of actively practicing dentists in England was 23,624. Amoxicillin accounted for 64.8% of dental antibiotic prescribing and had the lowest reported rate of fatal ADRs (0.1/million prescriptions) and overall ADRs (21.5/million prescriptions). Indeed, amoxicillin was respectively 6 and 3 times less likely to cause an ADR than the other penicillins, penicillin V and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, and appears to be very safe in patients with no history of penicillin allergy. In contrast, clindamycin, which is often used in patients with penicillin allergy, had the highest rate of fatal (2.9/million prescriptions) and overall (337.3/million prescriptions) ADRs, with Clostridiodes (formerly Clostridium) difficile infections pivotal to its ADR profile. Other amoxicillin alternatives, clarithromycin and metronidazole, while significantly worse than amoxicillin, were 3 and nearly 5 times less likely to cause an ADR than clindamycin. Ranked from least to most likely to cause an ADR, antibiotics most commonly prescribed were as follows: amoxicillin < cephalosporins < erythromycin < tetracyclines < azithromycin < metronidazole < amoxicillin + clavulanic acid < clarithromycin < penicillin V < clindamycin. This study confirmed the high level of safety associated with use of amoxicillin by dentists and the significantly worse rates of fatal and nonfatal ADRs associated with other penicillins and alternatives to amoxicillin for those who are penicillin allergic. In particular, clindamycin had the highest rate of fatal and nonfatal ADRs of any of the antibiotics commonly prescribed by dentists.
Dentin Priming with Amphipathic Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Moussa D.G. , Kirihara J.A. , Ye Z. , Fischer N.G. , Khot J. , Witthuhn B.A. , Aparicio C.
Published: July 2019

The evolution of bonded restorations has undergone great progress over several decades. Nonetheless, life spans of bonded restorations are limited mainly because of the eventual incidence of recurrent caries. Over time, water and waterborne agents (acids, enzymes) degrade the components of the dentin/restoration interface, allowing bacterial colonization and dentin reinfection at the margins of the restoration. We developed a 2-tier protective technology consisting of priming/coating dentin with amphipathic and antimicrobial peptides (AAMPs) to obtain hydrophobic/water-repellent and antibiofilm dentin-resisting recurrent caries around bonded restorations. We tested a series of AAMPs to assess their structure-function relationships as well as the effects of different dentin-conditioning methods on the structural features of AAMP-coated dentin. We found relation between the secondary structure of AAMPs (high portion of β-sheet), the antimicrobial potency of AAMPs, and the AAMPs’ ability to form hydrophobic coatings on dentin. We also determined that AAMPs had preferential adsorption on the mineral phase of dentin, which suggested that peptides arrange their cationic and hydrophilic motifs in direct contact with the negatively charged minerals in the hydrophilic dentin. These results led us to explore different dentin-conditioning methods that would increase the mineral/collagen ratio and their effect on AAMP immobilization. We innovatively imaged the spatial distribution of the AAMPs in relation to the dentinal tubules and collagen network using a minimally invasive multimodal imaging technique: multiphoton–second harmonic generation. Using multiphoton–second harmonic generation imaging, we determined that partial deproteinization of dentin increased the amount of immobilized AAMPs as compared with the total etched dentin at the dentin surface and extended deeply around dentinal tubules. Last, we analyzed the release rate of AAMPs from dentin coatings in artificial saliva to predict their stability in the clinical setting. In conclusion, priming dentin with AAMPs is a versatile new approach with potential to fortify the otherwise vulnerable adhesive-based interfaces.
Retrieval Practice Promotes Pictorial Learning in Children Aged Six to Seven Years
Authors: Ma Xiaofeng , Li Tiantian , Duzi Kuni , Li Zeng yan , Ma Xifeng , Li Yanru , Zhou Ai-Bao
Published: July 2019

Little is known about “retrieval practice” learning strategies in early childhood, and very few studies have tracked them over long intervals. This study explored the promotion of retrieval practices in six- and seven-year-old children’s memories of pictures at different time intervals. One hundred and four first-grade students were asked to remember the contents of 15 pictures in four retrieval practice conditions: with feedback, with elaboration, retrieval practice without feedback, and repetitive learning. Recognition was tested after 5-minute, one-week, and one-month intervals after completion of the study. The results indicate that retrieval with feedback promotes memory more effectively than elaboration. Scores in the retrieval practice with feedback group were higher than those in the elaboration group at all three delay intervals, and the advantage of retrieval without feedback may increase at longer intervals. For example, the hit rates in the retrieval practice without feedback group were higher than those in the repetitive learning group after one month, but no significant differences were found after 5 minutes or one week. The findings provide preliminary evidence that practicing retrieval strategies may be efficient in early elementary education.
A new technique to clean down and feather dust: Composition and resolution of down dust
Authors: Sun Ruixia , Wang Zongqian , Pan Ning , Chen Tianlong , Wang Mingrong
Published: July 2019

The amount of dust is an important indicator in evaluating the quality of down and feather. However, there has been little published research on dust in down and feather and no report of the generation of dust and its reduction. We extracted dust from down and feather and divided it into water-soluble dust and floating dust based on solubility and then calculated the proportion of the two types of dust. The morphology of floating dust was characterized and a formation mechanism proposed for fine dust. A machine was designed to reduce the dust from down and feather during washing. Floating dust was a major component of down and feather dust, accounting for up to 71.5% (m/m). The main component of floating dust was organic material. The fibrillation and pulverization of down fibers is proposed as the main cause of fine organic dust. An overflow de-dusting and centrifuging integrated device was constructed to replace the traditional centrifugal dehydration machine in the washing of down and feather. The dust level was reduced significantly when using the new machine, especially floating dust. Therefore the dust problem will be better resolved by using this technology in the down-washing process, alleviating the health concerns of workers and helping the industry to become more sustainable.
Military Autonomy and Balancing in Political Crises: Lessons From the Middle East
Authors: Barak Oren , Miodownik Dan
Published: July 2019

This article argues that autonomous militaries can play a balancing role during major internal political crises. However, when militaries’ autonomy is curtailed by political leaders before the crisis, militaries cannot maintain the political balance between rulers and opponents, thereby increasing the risk of armed conflict. The article first explains the main concepts relevant to the discussion (autonomy, political crisis, balancing role), exploring their possible interlinkages and presenting several hypotheses. Subsequently, it discusses four relevant cases from the Middle East before and during the Arab revolts of 2010–2011: Egypt in 2011 and Lebanon in 1958, which demonstrate the balancing capacities of autonomous militaries during major political crises, and Lebanon in 1975 and Syria in 2011, which reveal that nonautonomous militaries cannot play a balancing role in such circumstances. The article concludes with several observations regarding the military’s balancing role during major internal political crises in divided and homogenous states.
Internal thoracic artery harvesting with a LigaSure device
Authors: Mavioglu Ilhan
Published: July 2019

Use of the internal thoracic artery is the gold standard for coronary bypass surgery. Bilateral internal thoracic artery use is encouraged, especially in young patients. There are various techniques of harvesting. The LigaSure device has been used successfully as a low heat generating electrothermal vessel sealer in laparoscopic and open surgery for a long time. An internal thoracic artery harvesting technique is described, using a LigaSure Maryland Jaw 23-cm open sealer/divider through a thoracotomy and LigaSure Exact Dissector through a sternotomy. LigaSure devices can be used for pedicled or skeletonized internal thoracic artery harvesting with almost equal precision and safety.
Facts and counterfacts: A semantic and historical overview of El Sistema for the sake of clarification
Authors: Frega Ana Lucía , Limongi Jorge Ramiro
Published: July 2019

Over the last years, El Sistema has been enthusiastically received around the world and has inspired several proposals aiming to transplant it to different contexts in different countries. It would seem, then, that El Sistema constitutes a renewed approach that allows a place for inclusive music education within the framework of the traditional orchestral format. The authors, both Spanish speakers, contribute a reflection on the meaning of the name El Sistema, being a short version of the historical and traditional denomination of this project in the context that gave rise to it in Venezuela. From this initial semantic distinction, they propose a clarification of the possible confusion between system, method, and sequence of procedures. For this, they use Frega’s Parametric Model, applied since 1994 for method comparison in various contexts and in equivalent tasks of sequencing analysis and/or difficulty grading. Additionally, they review historical events that gave context to Abreu’s proposal and its subsequent development. In this way, they attempt to elucidate a conceptualization that does not respond to the initial context and the characteristics of its practical implementation in diverse situations. This certainly does not imply a negative conclusion regarding a practice that might be valuable.
Morality tales: Young women’s narratives on offending, self-worth and desistance
Authors: Larsson Birgit
Published: July 2019

This article emerges from a study of female offenders’ participation in police-facilitated restorative justice in one county in England. The qualitative study presented here is based on life history interviews with 12 women and focuses on three morality tales that emerged through narrative analysis: ‘offending as play’, ‘the strong woman’ and ‘work and a normal life’. The women used these tales to protect self-worth and justify ‘bad’ behaviour in order to counter professional responses which they viewed as stigmatising. The paper concludes with implications for practice with girls and women who offend, which may benefit police, probation and social workers.
Examining the assessment literacy required for interpreting score reports: A focus on educators of K–12 English learners
Authors: Kim Ahyoung Alicia , Chapman Mark , Kondo Akira , Wilmes Carsten
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the assessment literacy required for K–12 educators to interpret score reports from a K–12 English language proficiency assessment. The assessment in concern is ACCESS for ELLs, which is an annual summative assessment that is delivered to nearly 2 million English learners (ELs) across 39 US states and territories. This study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, an online teacher survey, consisting of 15 items, was completed by 1437 participants; data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. In Phase 2, 18 educators were interviewed to obtain in-depth understanding of educators’ interpretation of the score reports. Interview data were qualitatively analyzed in terms of (1) the essential assessment literacy required for interpreting the score reports, (2) resources referred to by educators for score report interpretation, and (3) educators’ suggestions to enhance the score report and its interpretation. The findings of the study reveal the relevance of K–12 EL educators’ assessment literacy for score report interpretation. For example, educators referred to proficiency level scores the most, but experienced difficulty in understanding technical terms, such as “scale scores” or “confidence band.” The results provide implications for enhancing the quality of score reports and the development of resources to support educators’ assessment literacy.