bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Comparisons of the Efficacy and Safety of Variable dosing of Midazolam with and without Meperidine for Management of Varying Levels of Anxiety of Pediatric Dental Patients: 35 years of Sedation Experience
Authors: Nathan J.E
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This retrospective study compares the efficacy and safety of variable dosing of Midazolam (Mid) with and without Meperidine (Mep) combinations for managing varying levels of anxiety and uncooperative behavior of young pediatric dental patients over a thirty-five-year period. Study design: Reviews of the sedation logs of 1,785 sedation visits are compared with emphasis on what dosing proves both safe and effective for differing levels of challenging pediatric behavior. Variable dosing of midazolam with and without meperidine which spanned low-end, mid-range, and upper-end were judged making use of a pragmatic approach which defined sedation success as optimal, adequate, inadequate, or over-dosage. Behavioral and physiologic assessment was included with attention to readily observable analysis of the extent to which need for physical restraint occurred to control interfering behavior. Assessment of arousal levels requiring stimulation along with the frequency of alterations in oxygen de-saturation and adverse reactions were included as indications of safety. Results: Where Mep was used, success rates were consistently higher; working times were significantly prolonged and greater control was provided to avoid adverse reactions by virtue of reversal capability for both agents. Conclusions: Predictability and working time of Midazolam was enhanced by combination with narcotic for all levels of patient anxiety. Dosages of 0.7–1.0 mg/kg Mid combined with 1.0–1.5 mg/kg Mep offers the most effective and safe results to overcome need for restraint for moderate and severe levels of anxiety, respectively.
Effectiveness of Fluoride Varnish in Prevention of Early Childhood Caries in 3-4 Years Old Children – A 36 Month Prospective Community Based Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Agarwal Deepali , Kumar Adarsh , Ghanghas Mamta , BC Manjunath , Yadav Vipul
Published: May 2022

Background: Evidence for the benefit of applying Fluoride Varnish FV to permanent teeth is generally very positive. However, the caries-inhibiting effect of FVs on primary teeth is still debatable. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of fluoride varnish in prevention of early childhood caries in children over the period of 3 years in high fluoride areas. Study design: A double-blind cluster-randomized controlled trial was undertaken amongst 3-4 years old children. The varnish application was done at three points in the intervention group. Results: Experimental group showed significantly lesser increment in mean ICDAS score than control group at both 12 month and 36 months. Preventive fraction was 72.4% at 12 months and 18.2% at 36 months. Multiple linear regression showed that at 12 months, intervention was the significant predictor with varnish group having 0.140 (95% CI 0.175–0.230) lower net caries increment. At 36 months, baseline ICDAS score and intervention were the significant predictors. Conclusion: This study suggests that fluoride varnish is an effective and a safe mode of prevention of early childhood caries in children residing in high fluoride zone. However, the overall effect is influenced by the baseline caries status.
Relationship Between Dental Caries and YKL-40 Levels in Saliva
Authors: Duruk Gulsum , Laloglu Esra
Published: May 2022

Objective: YKL-40, a new biomarker of localized inflammation, is secreted by macrophages and regulates inflammation and immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate YKL-40 levels in saliva and compare the level of this mediator in healthy and unhealthy oral cavity. Study design: 80 children (42-girl, 38-boy), aged 6–15 (mean±SD: 9.35±2.08) were included in this cross-sectional study. The children were divided into four groups: Group-I (control, n=20, dmft/DMFT=0), Group-II (n=20, exist of dental caries), Group-III (n=20, exist of advanced dental caries without pulp exposure), and Group-IV (n=20, exist of advanced dental caries with pulp exposure). The dmft/DMFT, dmfs/DMFS, and the number of advanced dental caries according to the ICDAS and pufa/PUFA index were recorded. Saliva was collected and YKL-40 concentrations were measured. Results: The highest level of YKL-40 was obtained in Group IV, followed by Groups III, II, and I, respectively (p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between YKL-40 and the number of caries There were no statistically significant difference in YKL-40 levels in terms of age and gender (p>0.05). Conclusions: The advanced dental caries with pulp exposure may play an important role in the increasing levels of YKL-40 in saliva.
Association Between Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization and Enamel Hypoplasia
Authors: Bittencourt Santos Patrícia , Cesario Fernandes Eloisa
Published: May 2022

Objective: To investigate the association between molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and enamel hypoplasia. Study design: The sample consisted of 311 orthodontic files of patients aged between 12 and 18 years, divided into two groups: patients with MIH (109) and without MIH (202). MIH and enamel hypoplasia were diagnosed via panoramic radiographs and intraoral photographs, followed by clinical examination of the MIH-affected patients as per the modified EAPD scoring criteria. Chi-square test and t test were used to assess intergroup comparisons regarding sex, age and race. Fisher’s Exact test was used to compare the groups regarding the presence of enamel hypoplasia and the Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated. Results: There was an association between MIH and enamel hypoplasia. The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia (5.5%) was significantly higher in patients with MIH compared to the control group (0.49%). MIH lesions increase 12.45-fold the risk of having enamel hypoplasia. Conclusion: Patients with MIH have a higher prevalence of enamel hypoplasia and these defects seem to share the same etiological factor.
MENGENAL ASESMEN KOMPETENSI MINIMUM (AKM): PELATIHAN GURU YAYASAN PONDOK PESANTREN FATHUL HIDAYAH LAMONGAN
Authors: Purwasih Joan Hesti Gita , Wahananto Juri
Published: May 2022

The Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) is a new policy in the world of education that has not been fully reached by teachers. The AKM questions are centered on measuring literacy and numeracy mastery. Strengthening literacy and numeracy does not only rely on Indonesian and Mathematics subjects. Other subjects also need to provide strengthening of these competencies. Therefore, teachers need to understand concepts, rules, and practices in developing literacy and numeracy-based questions. Experimental research with the type of one group pretest-posttest design was carried out through pretest, socialization, practice, and posttest techniques. As a result, improving the competence of teachers was able to provide optimal results. The results of the pretest showed a value of 48 and increased to 72 on the post. Thus, the results of this experiment can increase considerations for providing strengthening training to teachers in schools.Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) merupakan kebijakan baru dalam dunia pendidikan yang belum sepenuhnya dipahami oleh guru. Soal AKM berpusat pada pengukuran penguasaan literasi dan numerasi. Penguatan literasi dan numerasi tidak hanya bertumpu pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dan Matematika. Mata pelajaran lain juga perlu memberikan penguatan kompetensi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, guru perlu memahami konsep, kaidah, hingga praktik dalam pengembangan soal-soal berbasis literasi dan numerasi. Penelitian eksperimen dengan jenis one group pretest-posttest design dilakukan melalui teknik pretes, sosialisasi, praktik, hingga postes. Hasilnya, penguatan kompetensi guru ternyata mampu memberikan hasil yang optimal. Hasil pretes menunjukkan nilai 48 dan meningkat menjadi 72 pada postes. Dengan demikian, hasil eksperimen ini dapat memberikan penguatan pertimbangan untuk memberikan penguatan pelatihan kepada guru di sekolah.
A Novel Monoclonal Antibody PC322 Inhibit Prostate Cancer Cell Autophagy
Authors: Kang Xing , Xu Zhang , Zhu Xuejia , Yan Yuhan , Li Chong
Published: May 2022

Autophagy is an important element in tumor progression. The clinical and commercial success of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for cancer has emerged as the fastest growing therapy. Prostate cancer is well appropriately suited for antibody therapy. PC322 is our newly prepared prostate cancer MAbs. In our current study, we described the impacts of PC322 on autophagy and biological behaviors in vitro and explored the possible mechanism of PC322 in prostate cancer cell autophagy. Role of PC322 on autophagy of LNCaP and C4-2 cells was observed with fluorescence microscopy, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Further, the function of PC322 on biological behaviors of prostate cancer cells was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 kit, Hoechst 33342, wound healing assay, and cell adhesion assay. Finally, we found that autophagy-related genes3 (ATG3) was upregulated with stimulation of rapamycin, while PC322 inhibited ATG3 expression. In summary, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the new MAb PC322 inhibits cell autophagy, proliferation, and metastasis of LNCaP and C4-2 cells, and promote their apoptosis. PC322 inhibits LC3 conversion and suppresses the formation of autophagosomes by reducing ATG3 expression. 
Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by adenosine triphosphate-triggered codelivery system of p53 gene and doxorubicin
Authors: Liu Yong , Shao Xinxin , Shi Zhiyuan , Li Quanshun
Published: May 2022

The codelivery of drugs and genes by stimuli-responsive nanocarriers is a promising strategy for achieving an effective cancer treatment. In this study, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-responsive nanosystem was constructed to codeliver doxorubicin (DOX) and p53 gene based on an ATP-triggered aptamer and polyethyleneimine (PEI). In this system, DOX interacts with the GC-rich motif of duplex formed by the aptamer and its cDNA sequence. Then, a ternary nanocomplex DOX-Duplex/PEI/p53 was constructed using cationic carrier PEI25K for facilitating the intracellular delivery and release of p53 gene and DOX. The DOX-Duplex/PEI/p53 nanocomplex was found to possess an efficient anticancer effect, which was attributed to the ability of the system to trigger cell apoptosis and meanwhile block the cell cycle at G2 phase. The favorable antiproliferative effect was found to be associated with the rapid DOX and p53 gene release in response to the intracellular ATP concentration and the synergistic effect of therapeutic drug and gene. 
Identification of Driver Genes in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Zhengtai , Li Fusheng , Tang Huixue , Ge Xiao , Xu Lida , Yu Changyuan
Published: May 2022

The non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), accounts for a large proportion of lung cancer cases. However, the mechanisms of LUSC and LUAD are very different, especially the pathogenesis of LUSC remains unclear. At present, the research on the targeted therapeutic sites of LUAD has approached maturity and these targets are of clinical significance. However, effective therapeutic targets have not been identified in LUSC, and at present, the same targeted therapeutic strategy for LUAD is also applied in LUSC treatment. We used the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas program to analyze the driver genes of LUAD and LUSC by two types of algorithms, namely, the OncodriveCLUST and Multi-Dendrix. Our results showed that the driver genes of LUAD concentrates in the KRAS/epidermal growth factor receptor/TP53 pathways, while LUSC involves multiple pathways, including PIK3CA, NFE2L2, and TP53. The results showed that different carcinogenic mechanisms exist between these two types of NSCLC, implying that different therapeutic targets for LUSC deserve our attention. At the same time, the results of survival analysis proved that the driver genes identified using the two algorithms in combination may be more valid and reliable than those identified by solely using MutsigCV.
Therapeutic Targets and Predictive Markers of Treatment Efficacy of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Shi Mengran , Wang Luyao , Yang Zhao , Li Chong
Published: May 2022

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common types of cancers in the world. Despite various treatments are currently in place, the prognosis of BC does not seem to improve. Therefore, this prompts us to search for alternative treatments. The understanding of the molecular changes in cancer offers the prospect of targeting the key elements responsible for cancer development and progression, and thus, helps to develop a more effective and robust targeted therapy that does not endanger normal cells. At present, protein-based therapeutic targets such as programmed death ligand 1, epidermal growth factor receptor and aberrantly glycosylated integrin-α3β1, and genetic targets such as p53, human EGF receptor-2, and miR-23b are promising targets for BC treatment. In addition, predictive markers of treatment efficacy for BC, such as meiotic recombination 11, excision repair cross-complementing group 1, and multidrug resistance 1 gene are essential in facilitating clinicians to design and implement suitable and effective therapies for BC patients. This review discusses the pivotal role of these markers in the development of targeted therapy and the estimation of the clinical outcome of BC.
The Dual Characteristics of Ten-eleven Translocation 1 in Cancer
Authors: Ge Chen , Wang Haiyang , Chen Haixu , Yue Wen , Yan Xinlong
Published: May 2022

DNA methylation abnormalities in tumors often manifest as an increase or decrease of 5-methylcytosine at the genomic level or individual promoter sites. The mechanism of DNA demethylation by ten-eleven translocation proteins (TET) in maintaining the stability of global genome methylation level has attracted extensive attention. The biological functions of TET1-mediated hydroxymethylation differ among cancers due to tumor heterogeneity. Herein, recent updates on the effects of TET1 on tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion by altering DNA methylation levels are reviewed, and the direct and indirect roles of TET1 in activating or suppressing tumor progression are also discussed. Besides, the potential uses of DNA methylation analysis in clinical diagnosis and research of tumor microenvironment in relation to epigenetics are prospected. In conclusion, further studies about the dual characteristics of TET1 in cancer diseases are warranted to expand our understanding of the effects of DNA methylation in tumor which could be instrumental in the development of tumor treatment.
Applying Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Treating Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Galindo José , Rodríguez Jorge , Norero Enrique , Aguayo Gloria , Pruyas Martha , Nilsen Eva , Martínez Cristián , Báez Sergio , Díaz Alfonso , Calvo Alfonso
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a standard method for the treatment of early gastric cancer and low risk of lymph node metastasis. Its advantage is to obtain a higher negative edge rate than mucosal resection and less trauma than surgery. Objectives: The short-term prognosis, pathological anatomy and long-term survival of ESD patients in our center were analyzed. Methods: Descriptive research. The clinical records of patients with early gastric injury treated with ESD from January 2008 to June 2012 were reviewed. Results: There were 15 patients included, 8 males and 7 females. The median age was 70 years (45–88). Tumor location: 2 cases in the upper third, 5 cases in the middle third and 8 cases in the lower third. The median tumor size was 13.5 mm (6–21). Most injuries are IIc. Among the postoperative complications, 1 case of gastrointestinal bleeding was treated by endoscopy and 3 cases of gastric perforation (gastric anastomosis) were treated by surgery. The average hospitalization was 3 days (1–23). There was no death record after operation. 86.7% of the cases had a negative edge. One case was positive at the deep edge after subtotal gastrectomy, and the other case was positive at the lateral edge. A new ESD treatment was used. The median follow-up was 16 months (7–61), and there was no pathological death of tumor. One case of tumor recurrence (51 months) was treated surgically. Conclusion: ESD is an alternative to the treatment of early gastric injury, allowing a high proportion of negative edges.
Association of Repeatedly Heated Oil-Induced Hepatic Fat Accumulation and Development of Cancer: A Commentary
Authors: Hussain Kashif , Siddiq Afshan , Naz Zara , Ambreen Gul
Published: May 2022

This commentary refers to our recently published article “Association of long-term consumption of repeatedly heated mix vegetable oils (RHMVO) in different doses and hepatic toxicity through fat accumulation.” As highlighted in this article, long-term intake of RHMVO leads to fat accumulation in hepatocytes, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. Several studies have illustrated the negative effect of RHMVO on human health. In this commentary, we considered other recent evidence reporting the carcinogenic and mutagenic potential of RHMVO. Furthermore, we emphasized the unique and easy to perform parameters to measure oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, fat accumulation, and increased inflammation in hepatocytes to identify progression toward hepatic carcinoma. Our commentary is also intended to further highlight the necessity of developing food policies and regularity bodies as an approach to minimize the increasing trend of cancer incidence.
Preoperative Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Figueroa María Consuelo , B Briceño José , L Puerta Dania , Hurtado Wendy Del Valle , Sánchez Néstor O , Rodríguez Antonio Ivo , Castillo Pedro J
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study is to investigate the complete pathological reaction of preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy for rectal cancer. We conducted a retrospective and explanatory study to evaluate the reaction to preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 46 patients of stage I, II and III rectal adenocarcinoma from 2006 to 2014. These patients were divided into four groups, in which 52.17% complete remission (24 cases), 15.21% moderate remission (7 cases), 6.53% minimum remission (3 cases) and 26.09% adverse reactions (12 cases). In this study, more than 50% of patients with preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy show complete pathological response, which may provide the possibility for patients with rectal adenocarcinoma to receive this treatment in the future, and a carefully selected group among the patients will enter the observation period.
Transgenic Animal Models of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Wang Luyao , Zhang Fuhan , Yu Changyuan , Yang Zhao , Li Chong
Published: May 2022

Traditional animal models for cancer research represent an excellent experimental tool in bridging the gap between pre-clinical and clinical studies. The advances in gene transfer technologies allow the generation of transgenic animal models through the integration of the gene of interest into the animal models through gene transfer methods. Overcoming the limitations of traditional animal models, transgenic animal models are beneficial for studying carcinogenesis with respect to the genes. Besides, the utilization of transgenic animal models is also necessary for the development of novel targeted therapy. Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer type worldwide and effective therapies targeting BC are urgently needed. Thus, with the delineation of molecular signatures of BC pathogenesis, the research involving transgenic animal models of BC will facilitate the development of clinical medicine, thereby improving the clinical outcome of BC patients in the future.
Treatment of Pericardial Effusion in Cancer Patients
Authors: Chinchilla-Trigos Luis Alberto , Jiménez-Fuentes Edgardo , Meneses-García Abelardo , Cobos-Ortiz Mariana
Published: May 2022

Pericardial effusion is the most common cardiac complication in cancer patients. Lung and breast cancers are the most common solid tumors associated with pericardial effusion. Multimodal tumor therapy improves the overall survival rate and reduces tumor complications. However, these patients need individualized treatment. This paper describes the treatment experience of pericardial effusion, from its pathophysiology, the correct classification of pericardial effusion related to malignant tumor, malignant pericardial effusion or pericardial cancer, to the methods of diagnosis and treatment. The incidence of pericardial effusion in our hospital was 12%. In 11 years of pericardial fenestration, pericardiectomy and subcutaneous catheter (tunneling) installation of pericardium or temporary pleurisy, the postoperative mortality was 1.2%, while the recurrence rate of pericardial effusion was 2.1%, and the recurrence rate of pericardial effusion was 33%. Malignant pericardial effusion is an oncologic emergency. It requires cost-effective management without increasing the incidence of patients who have deteriorated. Thoracoscopic pericardial fenestration (vats) and anterolateral small incision are ideal surgical approaches for malignant pericardial effusion.
Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimics Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Enríquez Jesús Solier Insuasty , Bolívar Adrián , Calvo Lauren Sofía , Roberto Sandra Liliana
Published: May 2022

Peritoneal tuberculosis is a form of abdominal and/or pelvic tuberculosis. This entity can sometimes imitate ovarian cancer clinically, and is accompanied by an increase of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) level, which may make the differential diagnosis between the two diseases a challenge for clinicians. We report herein a case of a 49-year-old woman whose symptoms, signs, imaging and laboratory findings suggested ovarian cancer, and document the risk factors for the development of tuberculosis. Finally, the diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis can be obtained through further research and appropriate data analysis. The purpose of this case is to improve the medical community’s understanding of the importance of distinguishing peritoneal tuberculosis in patients with suspected ovarian cancer, so as to make accurate differential diagnosis and avoid subjecting patients to unnecessary surgery.
Anti-tumor Role of MicroRNA-4782-3p in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: An Ting , Liu Jie , Yang Qian , Xiao Li , Jia Xibiao
Published: May 2022

Ovarian cancer ranks fifth in cancer death among women. The 5-year relative survival of all stages ovarian cancer is 47%. Identification of new molecular targets is required for the development of targeted therapy. MicroRNA (miRNA) are small, highly conserved RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. miR-4782-3p has shown tumor-suppressive activities in non-small cell lung cancer. Thus, it is possible that miR-4782-3p may play a role in the development of ovarian cancer. Herein, we analyzed the levels of miR-4782-3p in ovarian cancer tissue and cell lines and tested the function of miR-4782-3p in cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. We found that miR-4782-3p plays an inhibitory role in ovarian cancer growth. The data showed that ovarian cancer tissue and cell lines showed lower levels of miR-4782-3p, which inhibited cell growth and increased cell apoptosis. Moreover, PDGFRα was identified as a direct target of miR-4782-3p. In conclusion, our data indicated that miR-4782-3p has an inhibitory impact on ovarian cancer.
Primary Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Kidney with Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Feng Runlin , Tao Yanping , Zhang Wen , Deng Jihong , Liu Shuangyue
Published: May 2022

Primary small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney with urothelial carcinoma is very rare, and it has a unique pathomorphology and immunohistochemical phenotype. Since it is easily missed diagnosed or misdiagnosed, it needs to be differentiated from a variety of other tumors. In addition to poor prognosis, the carcinoma also has strong invasive ability. The clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical phenotype, and diagnosis and differential diagnosis of four patients with primary small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with urothelial carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed. Three cases occurred in the left kidney and one case occurred in the right kidney. The main clinical symptoms were gross hematuria and waist pain. Tumor histological morphology and immunohistochemical markers support small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with urothelial carcinoma.
Clinical, Tomographic and Histopathological Features of Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Serret Julio Ernesto Rodriguez , Gómez Odalis García , Quintero Sahily Salcedo , Nicieza Ileana Rosell , Porrata Laura Pons
Published: May 2022

In 2015, 61 patients diagnosed with lung cancer treated at the Radiology Service of “Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso” Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, were observed and conducted descriptive and cross-sectional studies to characterize them according to the variables of interest. The results were organized into frequency distributions and single-input and two-input tables were compiled to establish certain relationships between the variables. Male (55.7%), 60–69 age group (39.3%), history of chronic bronchitis in male and female (75.4%), cough as the main symptom (63.9%), peripheral localization (78.7%) and adenocarcinoma as the histological type (57.4%). At the time of diagnosis, most patients are at the last stage of the disease, so studies are recommended for all patients at risk.
Research progress in bladder cancer
Authors: Li Chong , Tan Xue , Fan Fangjing , Zhang Xu , Yang Zhao , Wang Meiqing
Published: May 2022

Bladder cancer refers to malignant tumors that originate in the bladder mucosa. Globally, bladder cancer is the ninth most common malignant tumor and the second most common urinary tumor. Recently, the search for highly sensitive, specific, non-invasive, convenient, quick, and economical bladder cancer diagnosis and follow-up methods becomes a research challenge in the fields of basic medicine, oncology, and urology. This article covers the current status of national and international research on the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer, as well as the forefront achievement from our team and international peers in basic and translational medicine research on bladder cancer. As translational medicine is the only way to achieve precision medicine, there are unprecedented opportunities in the fields of bladder cancer research and translational medical research.
Transferrin receptor cluster of differentiation 71: A potential novel target for bladder cancer
Authors: Guo Haixiao , Gong Yuhang , Wang Haifeng , Wang Jiansong , Yang Zhao , Li Chong
Published: May 2022

Cluster of differentiation 71 (CD71) is important to the proliferation of many tumors and could be a potential target for tumor diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the level of CD71 expression in bladder cancer (BC) tissues and urine samples for initial detection of BC. Eighty-seven bladder tumor tissues and 219 urine samples were collected from patients diagnosed with BC in the Urology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the gene and protein expression levels of CD71 in BC tissues and urine samples. Chi-square test was then carried out for analyses. Compared with non-BC samples, the expression levels of CD71 in BC tissues and urine increased significantly ( P< 0.050). In conclusion, CD71 was highly expressed in BC tissues and urine. Thus, the concentrations of urine CD71 could be a new target for clinical detection of BC.
Research progress of ferroptosis and urinary tumors
Authors: Xiong BB , Zhang JS , Wang HF , Zuo YG , Wang JG
Published: May 2022

Since the researchers discovered ferroptosis in 2012, they have conducted in-depth research and exploration on the mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in tumor evolution. ferroptosis is a new type of death that is different from apoptosis and necrosis. It is mainly dependent on the cell death caused by the increase of iron and lipid oxygen in the cell and the imbalance of redox homeostasis. After the development of urinary tumors in the middle and late stage, most patients have poor surgical results. Chemotherapy is usually given after surgery. However, some tumor cells are currently resistant to chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, the occurrence of ferroptosis increases a new idea in the treatment of urinary tumors. The purpose of this review is to outline the knowledge of ferroptosis mechanisms and regulation, its role in the growth and proliferation of urinary tumor cells, and to provide new strategies for the treatment of urological tumor diseases.
Gemcitabine for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Srivani Gowru , Peela Sujatha , Alam Afroz , Nagaraju Ganji Purnachandra
Published: May 2022

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a multigenic stromal disease with a high mortality rate. Gemcitabine is a widely prescribed drug for conventional chemotherapies. However, the usage of gemcitabine has been limited due to the resistance developed in tumor cells. Combining gemcitabine with other drugs such as platinum, celecoxib, erlotinib, and bevacizumab is found effective. However, these combination regimens were found to have toxic side effects and lead to poor survival due to activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and nuclear factor kappa-B. Transcription factors also play a crucial role in resistance and tumor recurrence. Therefore, researchers are now focused on investigating novel drugs to reduce tumor recurrence and metastasis without toxic side effects. The current review discussed the gemcitabine structure, metabolism and mechanism of action on PC growth, resistance, and signaling.
The Effects of Sevoflurane in the Progression of Solid Tumors Based on the Evidence of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Ouyang Jie , Niu Qin , Chen Ying , Li Charles , Yang Jian , Wang Haifeng
Published: May 2022

Sevoflurane is a widely used volatile anesthetic in clinical treatment. Recently, the effect of sevoflurane on tumor cell signaling pathways has attracted the attention of many researchers in the field. However, the underlying mechanism behind the effect of sevoflurane on tumor cell signaling pathways still remains unclear. Based on the evidence of in vitro experiments, this paper reviews the recent research results on the sevoflurane-mediated regulation on solid tumors and presents its potential molecular mechanisms that can provide references for clinical practices.
Cancer and Obesity: A Biological Perspective
Authors: Chauhan Richa
Published: May 2022

The rising incidence and associated mortality of cancer on the worldwide scale has made cancer a global health problem. Although the cause of oncogenesis is multifactorial, certain well-established risk factors are known to play their part in cancer development. The risk for cancers can be reduced since these factors are manageable. For instance, tobacco and alcohol use can be avoided, and obesity can be controlled with the help of lifestyle modification. This review provides a brief insight into the postulated mechanisms on how obesity can lead to cancer initiation, progression, and even treatment resistance. Mediators and pathways with documented clinical evidence that connects obesity to cancer are also discussed. These mediators include various adipokines, free fatty acids, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1, sex hormones, and products of chronic inflammation. The recent concept of obesity paradox has also been discussed. Exploring these biological mediators and pathways linking obesity to cancer will open new avenues for not only cancer treatment but also its prevention.
Wnt/β-catenin Pathway, PTEN/PI3K/AKT Pathway, RAS/Raf/Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases Pathway, and Nuclear Factor Kappa B in Colorectal Cancer Treatment and Management
Authors: Thaman Snigdha , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: May 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) was once thought to be a rare disease, but it has now become a common, ongoing, and life-threatening disorder. The cells of the colon and rectum have been tainted by this cancerous growth. Colorectal disease is on the rise in agricultural countries as a result of a number of factors, including an aging population, unfavorable western dietary patterns, and an increase in risk factors such as alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, and corpulence. For both primary and metastatic colorectal malignant growth, new methodologies have emerged. We examine the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, new cytotoxic specialties such as capecitabine and Tegafur, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, angiogenesis inhibitors, and the EGFR mutation. FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil [5-FU]/leucovorin [LV] plus oxaliplatin) and FOLFIRI (5-FU/LV plus irinotecan) have both been shown to be effective cytotoxic medications for metastatic CRC, with typical survival rates of around 2 years. Natural agents such as Bevacizumab (a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial development factor, a key regulator of angiogenesis) and Cetuximab/Panitumumab (monoclonal antibodies coordinated against the EGFR) were thought to be helpful for cytotoxic treatment. Patients with CRC should keep receiving foundational chemotherapy, which includes 5-FU/LV infusions. In this article, we focused on various pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, RAS/Raf/EGFR/mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway, and nuclear factor kappa B pathway and their importance’s in CRC treatment and management.
Prostate Corpuscles: Looking for Biomarkers of Early Prostate Cancer
Authors: García Manuela Antonia , Rueda Julieth , Pedroza-Díaz Johanna
Published: May 2022

Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed disease in men in the world, and the mortality rate has been rising in recent years. At present, there are two early screening tests which are determination of plasma concentration of prostate specific antigen and prostate rectal contact. However, these tests do not have the best specificity and sensitivity for the detection. Although different studies have searched for new biomarkers through the implementation of new generation sequencing, mass spectrometry and other technologies, the same shortcomings still exist, so they cannot be translated in clinical practice; Therefore, the discovery of new prostate cancer biomarkers is a challenge for the scientific community.
Prostate corpuscles correspond to extracellular vesicles secreted by normal prostate or tumor tissues and can be detected in different liquids. Structurally, prostate bodies are different from other exosomes because their size, membrane composition and specific protein content make them a potential and new source of clinical biomarkers.
In this regard, this review reviews protein biomarkers isolated from prostaglandin glands present in different biological fluids for potential diagnosis of prostate cancer. To this end, a systematic search was conducted on PubMed for proteomic studies of prostate cancer, including extracellular vesicles, exosomes and prostaglandin glands, as well as blood, urine, semen and other biological samples.
Study on the Clinicopathological Characteristics of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Wang Weina , Zhao Chunlan , Liang Yuemian , Zhang Jinku
Published: May 2022

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast (BACC) is a rare type of invasive ductal breast cancer. The present study aimed to determine the clinicopathological characteristics of BACC in order to determine markers for accurate diagnosis and prognosis. A retrospective analysis of clinicopathological characteristics was conducted in 28 cases of BACC and 30 cases of nonspecific invasive breast cancer which served as the controls. All BACC patients were female, aged from 42 to 63 years. No lymph node metastasis, as well as nerve and lymphovascular invasion, was found in the BACC group. Twenty BACC cases showed classical tubular or cribriform structure, while eight other cases showed tumors of solid variant with obvious atypical cells that were proliferating with frequent mitosis. Epithelial and myoepithelial markers such as cytokeratin 7, CD117, epidermal growth factor receptor, and P63 were expressed in BACC cases. MYB was expressed in 26 BACC cases. Local recurrence happened in two BACC cases who were tested positive for nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) during a 10 – 84-month follow-up. The expression of MYB and NUPR1 had a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the present study showed that BACC is associated with low invasive characteristics and relatively inert biological behavior on the account of the vast majority of BACC cases which were tested negative for NUPR1. The study also implied that NUPR1 is an indicator of poor prognosis of the tumor. Meanwhile, our study also corroborated the significance of MYB expression for its discriminatory role in BACC diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Therefore, these cases are generally not advocated for chemotherapy, but rather, they are expected to be treated with MYB-targeted therapy.
Diagnostic Patterns and Delays of Headand-Neck Cancer during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study from South Italy
Authors: Colella Giuseppe , Giudice Giorgio Lo , Rauso Raffaele , Fasano Morena , Tartaro Gianpaolo , Cirillo Nicola
Published: May 2022

Since a national lockdown was introduced across Italy in early 2020 in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, access to health-care services has been limited or suspended. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the delay in the diagnosis and treatment of newly diagnosed head-and-neck cancer (HNC) patients. A total of 59 sequential patients (30 females and 29 males, age 67±14) with HNC were examined between January and September 2020. The average diagnostic delay detected was 152.53 days±62.02 standard deviation (SD) (median 155, range 36–335). Specifically, the average delay between onset of symptoms and first consultation/start of diagnostic pathway (patient delay, D1) was 97.59 days±54.75 SD (median 98, range 13–212), whereas the time needed to reach a final diagnosis (professional delay, D2) was 54.93 days±46.64 SD (median 33, range 4–186). Forty-six patients underwent treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy) within 18.65 days±13.6 SD (median 16, range 1–53) of receiving a diagnosis (treatment delay, D3). Although diagnostic (D1+D2) and treatment (D3) delays were similar for all disease stages and were in line with pre-pandemic data, majority of patients were diagnosed with advanced HNC. Awareness of patterns and delays of HNC diagnosis during COVID-19 pandemic may inform future decisions involving a restricted access to health care.
Unscheduled Consultation in Patients with Digestive Cancer
Authors: Naranjo Matilde Bolaños , Tarazona Victoria Aviñó , Ruiz Francisco Javier Jiménez , Calero Juan Bayo
Published: May 2022

Background: The demand for unplanned care in cancer patients is very common and leads to the interruption and delay of planned activities. We described the incidence of unscheduled consultations in patients with digestive cancer in our hospital. Method: Descriptive, prospective and non-interventional studies were carried out. Unscheduled visits attended in the medical oncology consultation for digestive cancer in the Juan Ramón Jiménez were collected chronologically within 6 months (from May 15th to December 14th, 2017). We used the statistical program G-STAT v.2.0 for descriptive analysis of the collected variables. Results: Patients with colon or rectal cancer had the most visits (68.63%), followed by pancreatic cancer (9.15%) and gastric cancer (5.23%). Most patients had metastatic or advanced cancer (59.87%), and received palliative or symptomatic treatment (58.82%). The most common reason for consultation was clinical symptoms (47.05%), followed by information needs (18.30%). Conclusion: Patients with digestive cancer have a high demand for unscheduled consultations, which interferes with scheduled consultations and problems are not always satisfactorily addressed. Several measures were suggested in this article to reduce the number of such consultations.
Integrated modelling of social-ecological systems for climate change adaptation
Authors: Giupponi Carlo , Ausseil Anne-Gaelle , Balbi Stefano , Cian Fabio , Fekete Alexander , Gain Animesh K. , Essenfelder Arthur Hrast , Martínez-López Javier , Mojtahed Vahid , Norf Celia , Relvas Hélder , Villa Ferdinando
Published: May 2022

Analysis of climate change risks in support of policymakers to set effective adaptation policies requires an innovative yet rigorous approach towards integrated modelling (IM) of social-ecological systems (SES). Despite continuous advances, IM still faces various challenges that span through both unresolved methodological issues as well as data requirements. On the methodological side, significant improvements have been made for better understanding the dynamics of complex social and ecological systems, but still, the literature and proposed solutions are fragmented. This paper explores available modelling approaches suitable for long-term analysis of SES for supporting climate change adaptation (CCA). It proposes their classification into seven groups, identifies their main strengths and limitations, and lists current data sources of greatest interest. Upon that synthesis, the paper identifies directions for orienting the development of innovative IM, for improved analysis and management of socio-economic systems, thus providing better foundations for effective CCA.
Ocular surface squamous neoplasia: An overview
Authors: Maurya Rajendra Prakash , Singh Vibha , Pal Kajal , Singh Shivangi , Singh Virendra P , Anand Kartika
Published: May 2022

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a diverse range of neoplasm arising from squamous epithelium of conjunctiva, limbus and cornea. OSSN is considered as a low grade malignancy but may be locally invasive and require exenteration. It has relatively high recurrence rate. It has multifactorial etiology and specific pathogenesis of lesion has yet to be attributed. Histopathology with immunohistochemistry is a gold standard diagnostic tool.

This mini review highlights the pathogenesis, risk factors, various clinical manifestations, latest diagnostic tools and recent development in treatment of OSSN.
Assessment of visual disability, clinical and demographic profile from Unique Disability Identification Details (UDID) card applicants in Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO) in South India
Authors: Sadananda Ranjitha C , Menon Aswathi M , Rathod Sujatha , Appaji Anuradha , Hanumantharayappa Harish B
Published: May 2022

To ascertain the degree and causes of visual disability, clinical and demographic data of UDID card applicants at RIO MOH Karnataka South India.

It is a cross-sectional observation study, data collected from the UDID PORTAL where applicants applied between July 2019 to March 2020. Totally 551 applicants details were collected. Degree of visual disability and its causes, demographic details like age, gender, education, marital and employment status, annual income along with that other clinical details were ascertained.

Among the 551 applications, 368 were men and 183 were women highlighting a significant gender bias. Almost 2/3 of applications were in the age group 20 to 50. 60% of applicants were married. 95% of applicants were in the blind category while only 4.3% were certified as having low vision. 47% of applicants were BPL Card holders and were dependent on the family member for livelihood. 47% of the applicants had completed basic education (10 std/SSLC). Retinitis pigmentosa was the top cause of blindness.

Retinal pathologies constitute the leading cause among them majority had Retinitis pigmentosa. Genetic counseling plays a significant proactive role in the prevention of the disease. Creating awareness among employers to provide adequate protective equipment could help in reducing the disease burden of phthisis bulbi. Government and NGOs should prepare appropriate plans and implement them to rehabilitate individuals with visual disabilities. There is a need to create better awareness about the benefits of UDID CARDS in the community in general and among people with blindness and low vision in particular.
Oculo auriculo vertebral dysplasia; Goldenhar Syndrome
Authors: Patel Rajat , Maurya Rajendra Prakash , Yadav Vineet Kumar , Kumar Amit , Singh Vibha , Saxena Shitiz
Published: May 2022

Goldenhar’s syndrome is a rare condition which was described at first in the early 1950’s. which was characterized by a combination of anomalies such as dermal epibulbar cysts, auricular appendices and malformation of the ears. In 1963, the name oculo-auriculovertebral (OAV) dysplasia for this condition was suggested by gorlin and he also incorporated vertebral anomalies as one of the signs of syndrome. Here, we describe a case of 7 month old male patient with preauricular ear tags, limbal dermoid, cleft palate with tongue tie.
Veliidae (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha) en el piedemonte andino-pacífico en el suroeste de Colombia
Authors: Padilla- Gil Dora Nancy
Published: May 2022

Los Veliidae son uno de los más diversos hemípteros semiacuáticos y su papel como predadores en las cadenas tróficas de los ecosistemas lóticos es importante. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la composición, riqueza y distribución de la familia Veliidae en el piedemonte andino-pacífico en el departamento de Nariño, suroeste de Colombia. Se establecieron diez sitios de muestreo entre el 2010 al 2011 para recolectar las especies de vélidos. Se especificó la distribución geográfica y altitudinal para cada especie y se comparó la composición de especies en este gradiente altitudinal mediante el análisis UPGMA. Los resultados evidenciaron una composición diferente de especies para cada sitio, siendo la Reserva Natural Río Ñambí el de mayor riqueza de especies, por lo que se sugiere establecer esta reserva como un centro de biodiversidad de los vélidos, pues es posible encontrar 19 especies de Rhagovelia y Microvelia en diferentes ecosistemas acuáticos y microhábitats del mismo bosque pluvial premontano.
Proposing New Routing Protocol Based on Chaos Algorithm
Authors: Majdi Ali
Published: May 2022

In MANET, the multicast routing is considered a non-deterministic polynomial (NP) complexity, it contains assorted objectives and restrictions. In the multicast issue of MANET, the quality of services (QoS) based upon cost, delay, jitter, bandwidth, are constantly deemed as multi-objective for directing multicast routing protocols (MR). Conversely, a mobile node has finite battery energy and the lifetime of a network depends on its mobile node battery energy. Here, the MR problem of MANET has five objectives vis-a-vis the optimization of cost, delay, jitter, bandwidth, and network lifetime with the help of Chaotic-CSA-ROA. Here, evaluation metrics, via delay, delivery ratio, drop, Network lifespan, overhead and throughput are analyzed with node, rate, and speed. The proposed QOS-MRP-CSROA-MANET provides higher throughput at the node between 32.9496% and 65.5839%, and higher throughput in rate as 16.6049% and 30.4654%, higher throughput in speed as 10.1298% and 7.0825%, low packet drop in node as 63.7313% and 52.2255%, low packet drop in rate as 51.5528% and 25.6220%, low packet drop in speed as 18.0857% and 24.5953% compared with existing methods, like QoS aware of multicast routing protocol using particle swarm optimization algorithm in MANET (QOS-MRP-PSOA-MANET) and QoS aware of multicast routing protocol using a genetic algorithm in MANET (QOS-MRP-GA-MANET) respectively.