bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiment, Optimization, and Design of Electromagnetic Track Brake for High-Speed Railways System
Authors: Xiang Chun , Wang Jun-Cheng , Gu Yu-Feng , Zhang Shi-Jin , Chen Shi-An
Published: March 2020

To enhance braking force and control convenience of high-speed railway systems, this paper proposes a new electromagnetic track brake, and the corresponding design, optimization, and experimental test are implemented. The proposed track brake is longitudinal-axis magnetic circuits excited by multiple coils electromagnets, and the pole shoes are extending outward. A preliminary design of an electromagnetic track brake is developed, including iron core height, iron core width, iron core gap, excitation ampere-turn, coil arrangement form, coil thickness, and preliminary height of single-layer coil. The electromagnet number and pole shoe gap are optimized through three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation comparisons. The final design of the electromagnetic track brake is determined, including iron core length, copper wire diameter, coil turn, and final height of single-layer coil. Experimental verification of electromagnetic attractive force is performed through prototype tests, and the newly developed electromagnetic track brake can enhance electromagnetic braking deceleration by 39%.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Containing Arsenic Treated MDS Patients Effectively through Regulating Aberrant Hypomethylation
Authors: Zhou Qing-bing , Zhu Qian-zhe , Wang Hong-zhi , Wang De-xiu , Liu Zheng-tang , Xu Yong-gang , Hu Xiao-mei , Ma Rou , Xu Feng-qin
Published: March 2020

Aberrant hypermethylation and hypomethylation both play important roles in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Hypomethylating agents targeting hypermethylation have been employed for the MDS treatment, but the treatment effect is limited. Novel drugs for DNA hypomethylation‐targeted therapy may be needed to improve clinic efficacy for the treatment of MDS. Chinese medicine (CM) herbs have been used to treat MDS for many years in our hospital. However, the long‐term treatment effect and mechanism remain unclear. In this study, all 135 patients received CM treatment for at least 36 months. The response rates for CM treatment were 81.53% (106/130) for hematological improvement in 130 MDS‐RCMD patients and 80% (4/5) for bone marrow CR in 5 MDS‐RAEB patients, respectively. The Human Methylation 850K BeadChip showed that 115 genes (50.88%) were aberrantly hypomethylated in 5 MDS patients compared with 3 healthy individuals. GO‐analysis showed that these hypomethylated genes participated in many cancer‐related biological functions and pathways. Furthermore, 60 genes were hypermethylated and the protein expression level of DNMT1 was significantly increased in the 5 MDS patients after 6 months of CM treatment. Our study suggests that CM can improve aberrant hypomethylation by increasing DNMT1 expression in MDS. The data support the clinical application of CM herbs containing arsenic as an innovative hypermethylation‐inducing regimen for the treatment of MDS.
Proinflammatory Effects of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 5 (USP5) in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes
Authors: Luo Xiao-Bo , Xi Jian-Cheng , Liu Zhen , Long Yu , Li Li-tao , Luo Zhan-Peng , Liu Dao-Hong
Published: March 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a worldwide chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease which is affecting approximately 1% of the total population. It is characterized by abnormal proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. In the current study, we were aiming to investigate the role of ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (USP5) in the inflammatory process in RA-FLS. Expression of USP5 was found upregulated in RA-FLS compared with that in osteoarthritis- (OA-) FLS, and IL-1β stimulation increased USP5 expression in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that USP5 overexpression significantly aggravated proinflammatory cytokine production and related nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling activation. Consistently, silencing of USP5 decreased the release of cytokines and inhibited the activation of NF-κB. In addition, USP5 was found to interact with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and remove its K48-linked polyubiquitination chains therefore stabilizing TRAF6. Our data showed that a USP5-positive cell regulates inflammatory processes in RA-FLS and suggested USP5 as a potential target for RA treatment.
Toward Design of a Drip-Stand Patient Follower Robot
Authors: Wu Zewen , Payandeh Shahram
Published: March 2020

A person following robot is an application of service robotics that primarily focuses on human-robot interaction, for example, in security and health care. This paper explores some of the design and development challenges of a patient follower robot. Our motivation stemmed from common mobility challenges associated with patients holding on and pulling the medical drip stand. Unlike other designs for person following robots, the proposed design objectives need to preserve as much as patient privacy and operational challenges in the hospital environment. We placed a single camera closer to the ground, which can result in a narrower field of view to preserve patient privacy. Through a unique design of artificial markers placed on various hospital clothing, we have shown how the visual tracking algorithm can determine the spatial location of the patient with respect to the robot. The robot control algorithm is implemented in three parts: (a) patient detection; (b) distance estimation; and (c) trajectory controller. For patient detection, the proposed algorithm utilizes two complementary tools for target detection, namely, template matching and colour histogram comparison. We applied a pinhole camera model for the estimation of distance from the robot to the patient. We proposed a novel movement trajectory planner to maintain the dynamic tipping stability of the robot by adjusting the peak acceleration. The paper further demonstrates the practicality of the proposed design through several experimental case studies.
Incidence and Anatomical Properties of Retromolar Canal in an Iranian Population: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Nikkerdar N. , Golshah A. , Norouzi M. , Falah-Kooshki S.
Published: March 2020

Objectives. Retromolar canal (RC) is an anatomic structure, and due to increasing demand for surgical procedure in the retromolar area of the mandible, the identification of the retromolar canal has become an issue of clinical concern. It can innervate the third molar and some of the muscles around the posterior segment of the mandible, complicating surgical procedures in the retromolar area and root canal treatment of third molars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and anatomical properties of RC in a western Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods. Two hundred bilateral CBCT images were collected and screened in the three spatial planes for the presence of an RC. Anatomical properties and location of the RCs were assessed according to their course and distance from the surrounding structures. The relationship between the presence of RC and age, sex, side, and presence of second and third molars was also evaluated. Independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, paired t-test, and chi-square were used to compare groups. Results. At least one RC was observed in 22% of the mandibles. Its bilateral incidence was 5.5%. Two major types of canals were detected, namely, type I, following a straight or curved course from the mandibular canal (MC) to the retromolar area (47.3%), and type II, coursing from the retromolar area to the radicular part of the third molar (52.7%). Regarding linear measurements, the mean RC diameter and the mean distance to the MC, second, and third molars were 0.68 ± 0.31, 13.7 ± 2.8, 15.3 ± 3.0, and 7.3 ± 2.3 mm, respectively. Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, RC was found in 22% of the cases; thus, it should be considered as a normal anatomical variation in the Iranian population rather than a rare finding.
Longshengzhi Capsules Improve Ischemic Stroke Outcomes and Reperfusion Injury via the Promotion of Anti‐Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects in MCAO/R Rats
Authors: Yang Weinan , Zhang Lincheng , Chen Simiao , Yao Qigu , Chen Haihong , Zhou Jing , Chen Weiyan , He Lan , Zhang Yuyan
Published: March 2020

Stroke is the leading cause of death in the elderly. Traditional Chinese medicine provides an exciting strategy for treating stroke. Previous reports indicated that Longshengzhi capsules (LSZ), a modified Chinese formula, reduced formed thrombi and oxidative stress and were promising in the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the specific therapeutic effect and mechanism of LSZ are still ambiguous. This study aimed to define the effects of LSZ on proinflammatory mediators and neuroprotective effects on middle cerebral artery occlusion and refusion (MCAO/R) rats. Rats were treated with different doses of LSZ (0.54, 1.62, and 4.32 g/(kg·d)) in a week after model building. LSZ could improve the survival rate, ischemic stroke outcome, and infarct volume. In addition, significant decrease was observed in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inflammatory factor levels in LSZ‐treated groups, concomitant with increase in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), neurosynaptic remodeling, and decrease in brain edema. It is proposed that LSZ has anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects resulting in downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 (MMP‐2/9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) and upregulating microtubule‐associated protein‐2 (Map‐2) and growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43) via p38 MAPK and HIF‐1α signaling pathways in MCAO/R rats. This study provides potential evidences that p38 MAPK and HIF‐1α/VEGF signaling pathways play significant roles in the anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of LSZ.
Targeting Chromosomal Architectural HMGB Proteins Could Be the Next Frontier in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Mukherjee Anirban , Vasquez Karen M.
Published: March 2020

Chromatin-associated architectural proteins are part of a fundamental support system for cellular DNA-dependent processes and can maintain/modulate the efficiency of DNA replication, transcription, and DNA repair. Interestingly, prognostic outcomes of many cancer types have been linked with the expression levels of several of these architectural proteins. The high mobility group box (HMGB) architectural protein family has been well studied in this regard. The differential expression levels of HMGB proteins and/or mRNAs and their implications in cancer etiology and prognosis present the potential of novel targets that can be explored to increase the efficacy of existing cancer therapies. HMGB1, the most studied member of the HMGB protein family, has pleiotropic roles in cells including an association with nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, and DNA double-strand break repair. Moreover, the HMGB proteins have been identified in regulating DNA damage responses and cell survival following treatment with DNA-damaging agents and, as such, may play roles in modulating the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs by modulating DNA repair pathways. Here, we discuss the functions of HMGB proteins in DNA damage processing and their potential roles in cancer etiology, prognosis, and therapeutics.
The Key Characteristics of Carcinogens: Relationship to the Hallmarks of Cancer, Relevant Biomarkers, and Assays to Measure Them
Authors: Smith Martyn T. , Guyton Kathryn Z. , Kleinstreuer Nicole , Borrel Alexandre , Cardenas Andres , Chiu Weihsueh A. , Felsher Dean W. , Gibbons Catherine F. , Goodson William H. , Houck Keith A. , Kane Agnes B. , La Merrill Michele A. , Lebrec Herve , Lowe Leroy , McHale Cliona M. , Minocherhomji Sheroy , Rieswijk Linda , Sandy Martha S. , Sone Hideko , Wang Amy , Zhang Luoping , Zeise Lauren , Fielden Mark
Published: March 2020

The key characteristics (KC) of human carcinogens provide a uniform approach to evaluating mechanistic evidence in cancer hazard identification. Refinements to the approach were requested by organizations and individuals applying the KCs. We assembled an expert committee with knowledge of carcinogenesis and experience in applying the KCs in cancer hazard identification. We leveraged this expertise and examined the literature to more clearly describe each KC, identify current and emerging assays and in vivo biomarkers that can be used to measure them, and make recommendations for future assay development. We found that the KCs are clearly distinct from the Hallmarks of Cancer, that interrelationships among the KCs can be leveraged to strengthen the KC approach (and an understanding of environmental carcinogenesis), and that the KC approach is applicable to the systematic evaluation of a broad range of potential cancer hazards in vivo and in vitro. We identified gaps in coverage of the KCs by current assays. Future efforts should expand the breadth, specificity, and sensitivity of validated assays and biomarkers that can measure the 10 KCs. Refinement of the KC approach will enhance and accelerate carcinogen identification, a first step in cancer prevention.

See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention.”
Further Guidance in Implementing the Standardized 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score
Authors: Shams-White Marissa M. , Romaguera Dora , Mitrou Panagiota , Reedy Jill , Bender Alice , Brockton Nigel T.
Published: March 2020

The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score was developed to establish a simple, standardized scoring system for researchers to quantify adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations and assess its impact on cancer risk and other health-related outcomes. The aim of this commentary is to clarify potential points of ambiguity in its application, focusing on aspects related to specific subscore components (physical activity, fast foods, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened drinks), how to address different data needs due to varied data collection instruments, and future exploratory score approaches. Overall, we encourage researchers to utilize the standardized score to enhance comparability across populations and countries. Researchers who may adapt or augment the 2018 WCRF/AICR Score are strongly encouraged to provide detailed descriptions of their methods to promote transparency and reproducibility.
Therapeutic Targeting ofSDHB-Mutated Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma with Pharmacologic Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Liu Yang , Pang Ying , Zhu Boqun , Uher Ondrej , Caisova Veronika , Huynh Thanh-Truc , Taieb David , Hadrava Vanova Katerina , Ghayee Hans Kumar , Neuzil Jiri , Levine Mark , Yang Chunzhang , Pacak Karel
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCPG) are usually benign neuroendocrine tumors. However, PCPGs with mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase B subunit (SDHB) have a poor prognosis and frequently develop metastatic lesions. SDHB-mutated PCPGs exhibit dysregulation in oxygen metabolic pathways, including pseudohypoxia and formation of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that targeting the redox balance pathway could be a potential therapeutic approach.

Experimental Design:

We studied the genetic alterations of cluster I PCPGs compared with cluster II PCPGs, which usually present as benign tumors. By targeting the signature molecular pathway, we investigated the therapeutic effect of ascorbic acid on PCPGs using in vitro and in vivo models.

Results:

By investigating PCPG cells with low SDHB levels, we show that pseudohypoxia resulted in elevated expression of iron transport proteins, including transferrin (TF), transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2), and the divalent metal transporter 1 (SLC11A2; DMT1), leading to iron accumulation. This iron overload contributed to elevated oxidative stress. Ascorbic acid at pharmacologic concentrations disrupted redox homeostasis, inducing DNA oxidative damage and cell apoptosis in PCPG cells with low SDHB levels. Moreover, through a preclinical animal model with PCPG allografts, we demonstrated that pharmacologic ascorbic acid suppressed SDHB-low metastatic lesions and prolonged overall survival.

Conclusions:

The data here demonstrate that targeting redox homeostasis as a cancer vulnerability with pharmacologic ascorbic acid is a promising therapeutic strategy for SDHB-mutated PCPGs.
Effect of Ferroresonance on Wind Turbine: Comparison of Atp/Emtp and Matlab/Simulink
Authors: Akinrinde Ajibola , Swanson Andrew , Tiako Remy
Published: March 2020

Different developers have produced several software packages as solutions to model electrical power systems for the purpose of carrying out diverse analyses to solve immediate and unforeseen problems in power systems. In this study, ATP/EMTP and Matlab/Simulink packages were compared in regards to their capability to give accurate results, time of simulation and ease of simulation when modeling DFIG wind turbine. Furthermore, ferroresonance caused by one stuck pole during switching operations were analyzed on both software. Characterization of resulting ferroresonance was done using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) analysis, phase plane diagram and Poincaré mapping. Chaotic mode ferroresonance was found in both ferroresonance events. However, ATP could only perform FFT analysis while other analyses were performed on Matlab/Simulink. There are differences in the results obtained from the two packages; overvoltage of 4.22 P.U. and 3.77 P.U. was experienced during opening and closing operation on ATP/EMTP model while 6.36 P.U. and 4.63 P.U. respectively was obtained on Matlab. However, ATP is faster in regards to time of simulation with CPU time of 110.58 secs and simulink simulation time was 130.81 secs. Finally, it was easier to carry out the simulation on Simulink.
An ingenious invasive weed optimization (IWO) aided maximum power tracking for partially shaded photovoltaic array
Authors: R Sridhar , C.S Boopathi , Das Deepanjali , Agrawal Sakshi , Choubisa Hardik
Published: March 2020

The inborn non-direct power voltage trademark bends concerning barometrical temperature and light makes the photovoltaic (PV) source a discontinuous one. Maximum power point (MPPT) following is a procedure through which most extreme accessible power is yielded from the PV for the given purpose of time. Prior, the customary MPPT methods, for example, perturb and observe, incremental conductance, hill climbing and so forth strategies were utilized and these methods stayed inadequate when the PV source is partially shaded (PS), since amid (PS) the power voltage (P-V) bends show different power crests. There wins each possibility that the ordinary calculations will stall out to the local maximum point and the global maximum point won't be accomplished and in this way control misfortune is brought about. The metaheuristic calculations give better arrangements however confront the downside of high weight on processor and enormous number of information prerequisites. In this way, in this paper, a novel calculation in light of invasive weed optimisation (IWO) technique is utilized to locate the Global maximum point for MPPT under in part shaded condition and it is contrasted and its nearby partner differential evolution(DE) MPPT algorithm and furthermore with the very much settled in perturb and observe (P&O) calculation. The proposed calculation is actualized in MATLAB condition and tried on a 3-board PV cluster arrangement of 150 W. The flexibility of the calculation is tried through various experiments and the outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness and exactness of the proposed calculation in finding the global maximum point.
A comparative analysis of the tracking angles and fixed angle systems during sunny and cloudy days under Iraqi conditions
Authors: Hussein Talib Sabah , Fadhil Kadhim Nasir , Al-Tameemi Zaid H.
Published: March 2020

This paper describes design tow systems tracking angles and fixed angle solar panel to improve the performance of solar energy, during the sunny and cloudy days. Depending on the development of the solar tracking system and amount of solar energy captured by the solar panel per day actually, the project is designed with AT 89552 MC depending upon the light falls on (LDR), data will be reading by AT 89552 MC. and changing the direction of a motor in this direction the solar panel will be moving to capture the maximum of solar energy. The tracking angle solar panel has been efficient than a fixed angle. The results show that the tracking angle solar panel has been more efficient than a fixed angle in sunny and cloudy days in morning and afternoon. The tracking angles system generating higher power than the fixed angle system in a morning. The maximum power occurred during the tracking angles system and fixed angle system in the morning, due to drop efficiency of the panels they get heated during the afternoon.
Novel design and analysis of RF MEMS shunt capacitive switch for radar and satellite communications
Authors: Kamil Naji Maham , Desher Farhood Alaa , Hussein Ali Adnan
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a new type of Radio Frequency Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (RF-MEMS) shunt capacitive switch is designed and studied. RF MEMS switch has a number of advantages in a modern telecommunication system such as low power consumption, easy to fabricate and power handling capacity at radio frequency. At high frequency applications, this switch shows very superior performance due to which it now became one of the key elements for RF application. In this proposed design, an innovative type of MEMS switch is designed. The MEMS switch structure consists of substrate, co-planar waveguide (CPW), dielectric material and a metallic bridge. The proposed MEMS switch has a dimension of 508 µm × 620 µm with a height of 500 µm. The substrate used is GaAs material. The relative permittivity of the substrate is 12.9. This proposed MEMS switch is designed and simulated in both UP (ON) state and DOWN (OFF) state. The proposed RF-MEMS switch is designed and simulated using Ansoft High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) electromagnetic simulator. The simulated result shows better performance parameters such as return loss ( <-10 dB)  and insertion loss ( > -0.5 dB) in UP state, whereas return loss ( > -0.5 dB) and isolation (<-10 dB) in DOWN state. This switch has good isolation characteristics of – 43 dB at 27 GHz frequency.
Portable cardiac self-stress test device development based on metabolic equivalent (MET)
Authors: Samad Whomaira binti Abdul , Othman Mohd Afzan bin , Safri Norlaili binti Mat , Razak Mohd Azhar bin Abdul
Published: March 2020

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death worldwide and the type varies depending on symptom and causes. There are several procedures to determine the type of CVD such as blood test, holter monitoring, cardiac stress test and many more. Cardiac stress test is a procedure to exert pressure on the heart by doing physical activities to determine heart functionality and abnormal heart activity. It is done to gather information on heart condition supported by evidence in the form of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. However, patients with heart problem will have to take turns to run the test due to limited access to the equipment especially in government hospital. Therefore, this paper proposed the development of cardiac self-stress test device to provide a pre-diagnosis result based on metabolic equivalent (MET) value. The device named “i-STress device” is a stand-alone device integrating the use of software application and hardware. The software was built by using MIT App Inventor 2 and the hardware built based on Arduino 101 and Sparkfun Heart Monitor AD 8232 and the test result saved in SD card. The device will be useful to sort out patient’s case priority as well as providing pre-diagnosis result before conducting a real cardiac stress test.
Assessing SB effort via a non-invasive model-based method in mechanically ventilated patients in Malaysian ICU hospital
Authors: Damanhuri Nor Salwa , Noor Ariffin Noor Najwa , Azlan Othman Nor , Shiong Chiew Yeong , Md Ralib Azrina , Mat Noor Mohd Basri , D. Docherty Paul , Geoffrey Chase J.
Published: March 2020

Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) required mechanical ventilation (MV) for breathing support. However, some MV patients encountered spontaneous breathing (SB) efforts while fully sedated which can obscure the true underlying respiratory mechanics of these patients. Thus, a model-based method is required to reconstruct the missing pressure and calculate the breathing effort that produced by the patients without additional clinical protocols or invasive procedure. In this paper, results of spontaneous breathing effort in Malaysian critically-ill patients adopting the developed pressure reconstruction model are presented. By using the pressure reconstruction model, the SB affected pressure waveform is reconstructed to approximate true respiratory mechanics and quantifies the SB effort. The SB breathing efforts were computed and compared with the results from Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand. The substitute measure of SB effort can be indicated from the difference between the reconstructed and unreconstructed pressure. Results shows that all patients from both cohorts exhibited SB effort with the highest SB effort at 11.48% for Malaysian patient and 21.07% for Christchurch patient. Overall, the well-developed non-invasive pressure reconstruction method is able to measure the SB effort produced by Malaysian MV patients that help the clinicians in selecting the optimal MV setting. This first non-invasive guidance in selecting the optimal setting of MV in Malaysia is potentially reduced the ICU cost and improve the MV management in Malaysian hospital.
Design and analysis of pseudo hadamard transformation and non-chaotic substitution based image encryption scheme
Authors: S N Prajwalasimha , S R Kavya , Ahmed Tanaaz Zeba
Published: March 2020

In this paper, Pseudo Hadamard Transformation (PHT) and non-chaotic substitution based image encryption scheme has been proposed. Images are characterized by intrinsic properties such as, strong redundancy and correlation between the adjacent pixels, hence more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. In the proposed technique, the redundancy and correlation have been effectively reduced by pixel position transformation using PHT and pixel value variation using non chaotic substitution, providing two stage security in encryption for images. Fifteen standard test images are considered for experimental analysis. Better average Number of Pixel Changing Rate (NPCR) and Unified Average pixel Changing Intensity (UACI) are obtained for a set of standard test images compared to more popular existing algorithms.
Pixel-wise classification using support vector machine for binarization of degraded historical document image
Authors: Kasmin Fauziah , Othman Zuraini , Syed Ahmad Sharifah Sakinah
Published: March 2020

Binarization of historical documents nowadays is very important as digital archiving has become the best and preferred solution for the retrieval and storage of valuable archives. However, the process becomes more challenging due to the degradation of historical documents. Hence, this paper described a method on binarization of historical documents using the learning concept. Support vector machine (SVM) learning was used as a classifier in this work. After training some images with the help of ground truth images, a model was developed. Testing images then used the model to segregate each pixel as text or non-text. The grey level and RGB values were chosen as descriptors for a particular pixel and comparisons were made between these two descriptors. The intensities of the local neighbourhood for every pixel were used in the experiment. To compare these descriptors, standard dataset HDIBCO2014, DIBCO2012 and DIBCO2016 were used in the training and testing phase. The results from the experiment clearly showed that grey level values gave better performance compared to RGB values.
All optical Millimeter-wave signal generation and transmission for radio over fiber (RoF) link
Authors: Mohamed Norliza , Idrus Sevia Mahdaliza , Hamzah Azura , Mohd Sam Suriani , Ahmad Norulhusna , Md Kaidi Hazilah , Dziyauddin Rudzidatul Akmam
Published: March 2020

Fiber-based wireless system has become a promising solution as a cost- effective communication and it offers high capacity network with millimeter- wave (mm-wave) signal transmission. The system significantly offers superior possible bandwidths for both fiber and free-space applications. Hence, with the increased capacity as well as wireless mobile network applications particularly at mm-wave signal, radio over fiber (RoF) technology is the utmost option. Nevertheless, when high frequency signal transmission is involved, power fading or dispersion effect limits the performance of RoF link. Therefore, this work proposed a RoF system by integrating remote optical local oscillator (LO) with frequency up-conversion at the base station (BS). All optical mm-wave signals are generated and transmitted for the RoF link. The effects of the changes of fiber loop length, optical power of the continuous wave (CW) optical laser carrier and responsivity value of the p-i-n photodiode (PD) mainly at 40 GHz are investigated and the power fading effects are discussed.
Wideband frequency reconfigurable metamaterial antenna employing SRR and CSRR for WLAN application
Authors: Y. Iliyasu Adamu , Bin Hamid Mohamad Rijal , A Rahim Mohamad Kamal , Bin Mohd Yusoff Mohd Fairus
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the design of Wideband Frequency Reconfigurable Metamaterial Antenna by Employing Split Ring Resonator (SRR) and Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) for Wireles Area Network (WLAN) Apllication. The design is based on reconfiguring wideband metamaterial antenna by applying frequency reconfiguration technique. This was achieved by employing SRR and CSRR for bandwidth enhacement and two PIN Diode switches at different position for reconfiguration. The antenna has electrical dimention of    at 2.4 GHz. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Software was used to determine the effectiveness of the technique. This design has several advantages like wider bandwidth which cover 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz WLAN bands, with three different single bands. From the simulation results, it was found that, the antenna has a bandwidth which covered 2.4 to 5.6 GHz, single bands at 2.5 GHz, 3.0 GHz and 3.5 GHz, with realized peak gain of 2.24 dBi and 3.9 dBi at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz respectively and average efficiency of 96%. The antenna can be used for wireless application and cognitive radio application.
Study on real-time media congestion avoidance technique for video streaming over wireless local area network
Authors: Mohanapriya C , Govindarajan J
Published: March 2020

The video streaming is one of the important application which consumes more bandwidth compared to non-real-time traffic. Most of the existing video transmissions are either using UDP or RTP over UDP. Since these protocols are not designed with congestion control, they affect the performance of peer video transmissions and the non-real-time applications. Like TFRC, Real-Time Media Congestion Avoidance (RMCAT) is one of the recently proposed frameworks to provide congestion control for real-time applications. Since the need for video transmission is increasing over the wireless LAN, in this paper the performance of the protocol was studied over WLAN with different network conditions. From the detailed study, we observed that RMCAT considers the packet losses due to the distance and channel conditions as congestion loss, and hence it reduced the sending rate thereby it affected the video transmission.
A novel bio- inspired algorithm for hunting in multi robot scenario
Authors: Agrawal Poorva , Agrawal Himanshu , Potdar Vidyasagar
Published: March 2020

In a multi-robot scenario, cooperative hunting is a key issue when a group of robots are hunting for evader/evaders and when the location of the evader is continuously changing. Cooperative hunting is addressed in this paper by proposing a novel bio inspired Corner Dragging Algorithm (CDA). Corner Dragging Algorithm operates by making an alliance of robots that drag the evader towards any one of the four corners; whichever is closest to the evader. Different shapes of obstacles are avoided during this pursuit. While developing the Corner Dragging Algorithm, we analyze the shortcomings and advantages of some of the existing algorithms including dynamic alliance and formation construction algorithm and incorporate these changes in our design to achieve improved results. Performance of the algorithm is evaluated on the basis of simulation in MATLAB.
A novel intelligent model for classify and evaluating non-functional security requirements form scenarios
Authors: AbdelQader Akram AbdelKarim
Published: March 2020

Software requirements with its functional and non-functional methods are the first important phase in producing a software system with free errors. The functional requirements are the visual actions that may easily evaluated from the developer and from the user, but non-functional requirements are not visual and need a lot of efforts to be evaluated. One of the main important non-functional requirements is security, which focuses on generating secure systems from strangers. Evaluating the security of the system in earlier steps will help to reduce the efforts of reveals critical system threats. Security threats found because of leaking of security scenarios in requirement phase. In this paper, we purpose an intelligent model to extract and evaluate security features from scenarios based on set of security system goals and a set of security requirements saved on rich story scenarios dataset (RSSD). This model will used a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to classify the security requirement based on RSS dataset.  The using of SVM will enhance the overall process of evaluating the security requirements. The results show a significant enhancement in security improvements.
Non-dominated sorting Harris’s hawk multi-objective optimizer based on reference point approach
Authors: Yasear Shaymah Akram , Ku-Mahamud Ku Ruhana
Published: March 2020

A non-dominated sorting Harris’s hawk multi-objective optimizer (NDSHHMO) algorithm is presented in this paper. The algorithm is able to improve the population diversity, convergence of non-dominated solutions toward the Pareto front, and prevent the population from trapping into local optimal. This was achieved by integrating fast non-dominated sorting with the original Harris’s hawk multi-objective optimizer (HHMO).  Non-dominated sorting divides the objective space into levels based on fitness values and then selects non-dominated solutions to produce the next generation of hawks. A set of well-known multi-objective optimization problems has been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed NDSHHMO algorithm. The results of the NDSHHMO algorithm were verified against the results of an HHMO algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed NDSHHMO algorithm in terms of enhancing the ability of convergence toward the Pareto front and significantly improve the search ability of the HHMO.
Voltage-controlled of a three-phase current source inverter in islanded operation
Authors: Ashikin Azmi Syahrul , Philips Adam Grain , Abdul Rahim Siti Rafidah
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the performance of a three-phase current source inverter (CSI) in island mode voltage-controlled operation. Simple converter structure, low switching count and inherent boosting capability among the features offered by CSI. However, less investigation has been done with regards to the performance of CSI especially on its control system for island and grid-connected photovoltaic system. Thus, this study aims to investigate the suitability of proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-resonant (PR) control including their dynamic equations and state-space modeling. The results show that both controllers able to perform satisfactory in achieving zero steady-state error and balanced sinusoidal output voltage and current. PI control is superior in fast response time and excellent harmonic rejection than inverter using PR control PR control on the other hand, able to give more robust performance during imbalance occur than PI control due to individual control of the phases. This study may becomes one of the references with regard to current source inverter for early career researchers. as All results presented in this paper are verified with varying operational parameters in MATLAB/ SIMULINK platform.
Ovulation hormonal imbalance recognition system using saliva’s conductivity analysis based on potentiometric method
Authors: Jorda Romeo Jr. , Bartolome Kit Erick , Buban Christopher , De Los Reyes Ma. Aimee , Maingat Angelo , Oledan Micaela Joyce , Tolentino Lean Karlo
Published: March 2020

Hormonal imbalance is often pointed out by medical experts to be the cause of menstrual irregularity, a common problem of women. This study aims to develop a device that would determine if a patient has hormonal imbalance by testing saliva’s conductivity onto the device for 28 consecutive days, thus, determining the cause of the patient’s menstrual irregularity. To test the accuracy of the device, the researchers selected three women residing in one home to use the device. To determine if a woman has hormonal imbalance, the data, when plotted in a chart, should have a sudden peak. However, data can’t be analyzed through visual assumptions only. Therefore, the data is analyzed through sample standard deviation. If one data is higher or lower than the sum and difference of the sample standard deviation and the mean, the woman is negative in hormonal imbalance. Comparing the result from the device and from the blood test, it is concluded that the results from the device matched the results from the blood test and medical expert interpretation.
Modified spiht algorithm for quincunx wavelet image coding
Authors: Benyahia Ismahane , Bassou Abdesselam , Allaoui Chems El Houda , Beladgham Mohammed
Published: March 2020

In this paper, an image compression method based on the Quincunx algorithm coupled with the modified SPIHT encoder (called SPIHT-Z) is presented. The SPIHT-Z encoder (coupled with quincunx transform) provides better compression results compared with two other algorithms: conventional wavelet and quincunx both coupled with the SPIHT encoder. The obtained results, using the algorithm that applies (Quincunx with SPIHT-Z) are evaluated by image quality evaluation parameters (PSNR, MSSIM, and VIF). The compression results on twenty test images showed that the proposed algorithm achieved better levels of the image evaluation parameters at low bit rates.
A detailed investigation of the impact of online transportation on Bangladesh economy
Authors: Khan Abbas Ali , Raki Billah M. , Debnath Chandan , Rahman Sadekur , Habib Md. Tarek , Islam Gazi Zahirul
Published: March 2020

Transportation is one of the main part of our daily life especially in Dhaka City where traffic jam, security, harassment of fare and other problems are big issue at conventional vehicle. A couple of year ago since 2016 the online maintain vehicle has introduced by “Pathao” and “Ubar” both have car and motor cycle ride share. The main purpose of this paper is to focus the facilities of IT on transport basis of security, transparent cash-on-delivery, hassle-free communication, reduce waiting time for the passenger and the impact of IT on Bangladesh economy.
The design of virtual lower limb rehabilitation for post-stroke patients
Authors: Wei Jian Lee , Wan Shamsuddin Syadiah Nor
Published: March 2020

Stroke is one of the leading causes that elicits to disability for adults over a long period. Post-stroke patients often have difficulties with joints and muscles in their legs, which prevents them from moving around. Lower limb rehabilitation helps to regain normal mobility and functionality of patients such as standing, walking and climbing stairs. The implementation of virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation helps to encourage patients on frequent engagement with exercise. This paper briefly presents the ongoing research regarding lower limb rehabilitation systems for post-stroke patient in virtual reality environment to provide an overview of the conceptual design, limitations, and suggestions for future work in this direction.
Flower pollination algorithm to solve dynamic economic loading of units with piecewise fuel options
Authors: Reddy Y Venkata Krihshna , Reddy M Damodar
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) to solve Dynamic Economic Load Dispatch (DELD) problem with valve-point effects and piecewise fuel options. DELD aims to find out optimum generation schedule of the committed generating units over a certain timing period, sustaining practical constraints and power demands in each interval. Due to the valve-point effect and piecewise fuel options DELD becomes as complex problem, hence in order to achieve the cost reduction and satisfying the dynamic behaviour of the generating units proposed algorithm presented.  The practicality of the proposed method is evaluated by performing simulations on standard 10-unit and 19-unit Indian utility systems for a 24 h time schedule at various load patterns. The simulation results attained by the FPA are related with other previous published techniques of the biography. These results clearly show that the proficiency and robustness of the proposed FPA method for resolving the non-linear constrained DELD problem.
An efficient two-stage user association scheme for green C-RAN systems
Authors: Hburi Ismail , Khazaal H. F.
Published: March 2020

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">This paper addresses the energy efficiency (EE) based user-association problem in cloud radio-access network. In specific, a low-complexity 2-stage iterative algorithm is developed for this purpose by jointly employing the coordinated multi-point (CoMP) and user-clustering techniques. The first stage of the algorithm applies a greedy search to form user-cluster and activate corresponded remote radio heads (RRHs) for CoMP transmission, only an RRH j with good channel gain could be included in the serving cluster of user k. Next, in the second stage, a re-clustering procedure is utilized to mitigate inter-cluster interference (ICI) and assign optimal power for scheduled users. Our obtained findings confirm that the transmit power, RRH density, and the number of users served by these RRHs can significantly affect the EE. Also, the results show that under certain system settings the proposed scheme can enhance the EE by almost 39.6% compared to conventional CoMP without user clustering technique.
A new compression technique in MANET: compressed-LZW algorithm
Authors: Saad Hadeel Noori , Jafar Fairouz mushtaq , Salman Hanan Abbas
Published: March 2020

Now a days mobile ad hoc networks MANETs play a vital role in tremendous communication applications. This networks require infrastructure less module in non- centralized application’s area. Low battery power is of great concern to sustain for a long time, thus researchers try to assist in this critical maintenance point. This work proposed an enhanced version of well-known compression technique LZW to reduce data communication and maintain battery life. Compressed-LZW is a technique to code data stream into further compact form by merging successive redundant compressed code, and achieved by padding the code stream with the displacement of the next similar code. Compressed-LZW outperform its successor in saving consumed energy as expressed in the implementation and results by generating less output codes.
Design and fault tolerant analysis of five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Saari Ahmad Sofian Saari , Ishak Dahaman
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a design of 15-slot/12-pole, five-phase, surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM).  The five-phase PMSM can be an attractive solution to few applications that demand fault tolerant capability such as in aerospace engineering and electric propulsion. The motor model is first investigated based on the implementation of analytical method. The analytical method derived from the subdomain model of the permanent magnet machine is initially applied to estimate the magnetic flux density distributions for the radial component Br and the tangential component Bt in the machine air gap. Other important motor characteristics such as phase back-EMF, line back-EMF, cogging torque and electromagnetic torque are also calculated. The analytically calculated results are then compared with the numerical method in a 2D finite element analysis. Additionally, the capability of this PMSM model against faulty conditions are further investigated. The results show that the analytical model of the 15-slot/12-pole, five-phase PMSM provides very accurate motor performance within acceptable error margin. For instance, the average electromagnetic torques, inclusive of the cogging torque, as computed by the analytical and numerical methods are 5.53Nm and 5.33Nm respectively, yielding an error of 3.6%. During faulty conditions, the PMSM can possibly continue to operate with lower output torque, about 60% to 80% of its rated torque, when one-phase or two phase windings are out of service.
Hybrid concentrated photovoltaic thermal technology for domestic water heating
Authors: K.Panjwani M. , X. Yang S. , Xiao F. , H. Mangi K. , M. Larik R. , H. Mangi F. , Menghwar M. , Ansari J. , H. Ali K.
Published: March 2020

There is an increasing reliance on renewable energy especially Solar Energy as the fossils are on the way to depletion.It offers an environmental friendly solution with an affordable comparative paradigm. Solar photovoltaic-thermal collectors have remained of the particular interest because of their higher overall efficiencies. Most of its applications related with solar hybrid PVT systems focuses more on electrical output rather than thermal output, and the contacting fluid is allowed to act as a coolant to assure that the solar cell operates in the ranges specified by the manufacturer to guarantee higher electrical efficiency. This ultimately allows fluid to retain higher temperature that could be utilized for meeting the heating demand of any residential household. First, the PVT analyses are performed over a system comprising of Fresnel-based Solar Module to allow higher irradiance to fall for relative higher conversion of efficiency and to achieve higher temperature ranges in the contacting fluid (water). The electrical parameters are compared, and a significant increase in the power ranges is concluded. Secondly, a simulated thermal structure of the heating tank is presented that utilises the heated water from the PVT system in meeting the heating demand of a residential household. When accounting all the electrical parameters, approximately 10% increase is noticed in power produced, and sufficient energy used for the traditional heating of water is retained.
The sensorless control system for controlling the speed of direct current motor
Authors: Nguyen Khac-Khiem , Nguyen Trong-Thang
Published: March 2020

This research aims to propose an algorithm for controlling the speed of the Direct Current (DC) motor in the absence of the sensor of speed. Based on the initial mathematical model of DC motor, the authors build the dynamic state equation of DC motor, and then build an estimation model to determine the speed of the DC motor without a sensor. The advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated through the closed-loop control model using the PID controller. In order for the results to be objective, we assume that the parameters of the DC motor in the estimation model are not known correctly. The results show that the quality of control in the absence of a sensor is equivalent to the case with the sensor.