bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can We Use an Ex Vivo Continuous Hemofiltration Model to Describe the Adsorption and Elimination of Meropenem and Piperacillin?
Authors: Jamal Janattul-Ain , Udy Andrew A. , Wallis Steven C. , Ranganathan Dwarakanathan , McWhinney Brett C. , lingerer Jacobus P.J. , Lipman Jeffrey , Roberts Jason A.
Published: September 2015

Objectives

To determine the adsorption and elimination characteristics of meropenem and piperacillin during simulated continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and to compare the observed data from this ex vivo study with previous data from clinical studies.

Method

This was an experimental study utilizing a modified CRRT circuit and polysulfone membrane (1.2 m2), circulated with a blood-crystalloid mixture. Adsorption onto the CRRT circuit was tested over a 4-h period, and clearance was assessed separately using variable continuous hemofiltration settings.

Results

A rapid 9% reduction in circulating meropenem and piperacillin concentrations was observed at approximately 0.5 and 1.0 h for each antibiotic, respectively. The post-dilution setting was associated with a significantly higher sieving coefficient (Sc) and filter clearance (CLfilter) (mean ± SD) (Sc 1.14 ± 0.10 versus 1.06 ± 0.04; CLfilter 19.05 ± 1.63 versus 17.59 ± 0.62 ml/min, P values <0.05) for meropenem. No significant differences were observed for piperacillin pharmacokinetics. Clinically comparable Sc data were observed between data obtained from the ex vivo study and data from previous clinical studies, for both antibiotics.

Conclusions

Meropenem and piperacillin appear to be rapidly adsorbed into the CRRT circuit, and the delivery site of fluid replacement significantly influences meropenem pharmacokinetics. However, these findings are likely to be clinically insignificant and not affect dosing requirements. This ex vivo method could be a surrogate for future clinical pharmacokinetic studies of CRRT. Further research is required to explore the applicability of the ex vivo method to further characterize antibiotic pharmacokinetics during CRRT.
Pulmonary Embolism and LVAD: Is There Compatibility?
Authors: Bejko Jonida , Bortolussi Giacomo , Tarzia Vincenzo , Gerosa Gino , Bottio Tomaso
Published: September 2015

A 41-year-old-male with diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy was referred to our hospital for heart failure, despite standard medical therapy, to evaluate indications for heart transplantation or mechanical cardiac support. Pre-Operative contrast computer tomography (CT) scan diagnosed pulmonary thrombosis of the left branch of the pulmonary artery. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin was established and the next day a thrombus-arteriectomy and Heartware (Heartware, Framingham, MA, USA) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation were performed simultaneously. The patient was discharged home with oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, according to our center's VAD protocol. Currently, the patient has been assisted with the LVAD for the past 24 months. The CT scan confirmed the absence of pulmonary artery thrombosis.
Debridement, Antibiotics, Irrigation, and Retention (DAIR) of the Prosthesis after Hip Hemiarthroplasty Infections. Does it Work?
Authors: Kazimoglu Cemal , Yalcin Nadir , Onvural Burak , Akcay Serkan , Agus Haluk
Published: September 2015

Purpose

Debridement, antibiotic, and implant retention (DAIR) is an attractive treatment modality after hip hemiarthroplasty (HA) infections. Data about the success of the procedure after acute onset infections is lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical outcome and associated risk factors.

Methods

A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was designed, including 39 patients with acute onset prosthetic infection who had undergone debridement and irrigation with prosthesis retention. The primary outcome measure was infection eradication without prosthesis removal. We also analyzed how the success rate was influenced by the length of the interval between implantation of the prosthesis and the beginning of the treatment.

Results

The overall success rate was 41%. Sedimentation rate over 60 mm/h and the longer duration (2 weeks) after prosthesis implantation were found as factors negatively influencing the success rate.

Conclusions

Our results indicated limited success to DAIR- treated patients with infected HA. The high failure rate of DAIR treatment after 2 weeks from the implantation should be taken into consideration.
Exploring the Role of Resources in Ethnic Minorities’ Adoption of Information and Communication Technology in Preserving Their Cultural Identity in Malaysia
Authors: Gill Sarjit S. , Talib A. T. , Khong Choo Yeong , Kunasekaran Puvaneswaran
Published: September 2015

The aim of this article is to investigate the current conditions of the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in preserving cultural identity among the ethnic minorities in Peninsular Malaysia. ICT plays a crucial role in the present knowledge-based globalization era and the usage has become a basic necessity for all members of the society in managing their daily lives. It has pervaded every aspect of human life and has significantly changed the manner in which society communicate and interact with one another. This is particularly important as the ethnic minorities in Malaysia inevitably facing the great challenges of losing their cultural identity through the assimilation process into the larger mainstream society. ICT appear as an alternative which help in enhancing the efforts for cultural preservation. The penetration of ICT in ethnic minority everyday life has directly or indirectly provides a platform for them to express and share their ideas, thoughts, perceptions and knowledge about their existing culture. However, are the ethnic minorities have sufficient resources to adopt ICT to preserve their culture is still unexplored. The extent of the ethnic minorities' awareness of the advantages of ICT to preserve their cultural identity is still questionable.
Determination of Nine Fungicides in Grape and Wine Using QuEChERS Extraction and LC/MS/MS Analysis
Authors: Martínez Gracia , Morales Ascensión , Maestro Alba , Cermeño Sandra , Oliva José , Barba Alberto
Published: September 2015

An analytic procedure was developed for the determination of the fungicides ametoctradin, boscalid, cyazofamid, dimethomorph, fenhexamid, kresoxim–methyl, mepanipyrim, metrafenone, and pyraclostrobin in grape and wine. A modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) procedure was used for the extraction. Analysis of the extract was performed by LC/triple quadrupole-MS/MS. A Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column was used with a programmed gradient mobile phase consisting of (A) acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid and (B) water containing 0.1% formic acid and 2 mM ammonium formate. The acceptance criteria for the method were those proposed in the SANCO guide. The method was linear for the range of concentration studied (5–100 μg/L), and R2 values were higher than 0.998 and RSD values below 18%. Recovery was over 73.2% in grape and 76.7% in wines, and there was no case of more than 100% recovery. The recovery RSDs in reproducibility conditions were below 17.13% in grape and 15.6% in wines.
Jesuit
Authors: Machielsen Jan
Published: September 2015

This second, biographical chapter charts Martin Delrio’s career within the Society of Jesus until his death in 1608. Drawing on archival documents from Rome and elsewhere it seeks to make sense of a career that spanned the width and breadth of Europe. Many of Delrio’s surviving letters document numerous conflicts and disagreements with his superiors and could superficially be read as evidence of disobedience and a troubled relationship with authority. This chapter argues, however, that this is too facile a reading of the Ignatian ideal of obedience. Even so, Delrio’s itinerant existence suggests a mind that was not truly at peace anywhere.
Introduction
Authors: Machielsen Jan
Published: September 2015

The introduction argues that the Jesuit Martin Delrio (1551–1608) and his Disquisitiones magicae (1599–1600) have been widely misunderstood. Social historians have postulated links between witch-hunting and demonology which have turned the latter into a science inevitably founded on inquisitorial experience. As a result, insufficient attention has been paid to the individuality of demonological texts. The mould of the Malleus maleficarum (1486) must be abandoned. Demonology in the late sixteenth century should be conceived as a pressing problem that was in many ways approached anew. Study of the numbers of printed editions shows that the Disquisitiones was more important and long-lasting than any of its rivals. When studied within the context of Delrio’s other works of classical and biblical scholarship, the Disquisitiones sheds new light on the nature of elite witchcraft belief which was able to thrive in a confessional, yet humanist environment.
Texts in Conversation
Authors: Ailes Marianne , Hardman Phillipa
Published: September 2015

The Anglo-Norman and Middle English manuscripts of the insular Charlemagne tradition are in many respects very different, but both may present the texts in material contexts that raise the question of how we define a miscellany. The texts often occur in compilations that have been described as miscellanies or whose contents appear to be miscellaneous in character; on examination, however, most prove to have some unifying or connecting feature that gives significant context to the placing of the Matter of France text(s). This chapter argues that all these manuscripts, in both languages, reveal evidence of meaningful compilation for different purposes, despite the apparent heterogeneity of their texts.
Literary Scribes
Authors: Fein Susanna
Published: September 2015

In the study of medieval manuscripts, an individual scribe’s patterns of change may emerge as knowable, analysable features that display creative involvement. If, added to this circumstance, a single scrivener possesses a sizeable amount of surviving output, opportunities to know that scribe as an specific ‘author’ in the process of cumulative composition expand greatly. The study of vernacular literary manuscripts has now reached a point where many scribes with large and interesting oeuvres have been identified. By designating a new category, ‘literary scribe’, we can differentiate these special scribes from the many other unknowable copyists, and allow their oeuvres to be analysed in ways analogous to the criticism applied to authors. Case studies are provided for two important literary scribes: the Ludlow scribe who created British Library, MS Harley 2253, fols 49–140, and Robert Thornton of Yorkshire, who created Lincoln, Cathedral Library MS 91 and British Library, MS Additional 31042.
The Organisation of Multilingual Miscellanies
Authors: Putter Ad
Published: September 2015

This chapter examines the use of multiple languages, and particularly the co-existence of English and French items, in one and the same codex, focusing on miscellanies from the 13th to the 15th centuries. It argues that the question of whether scribes mixed French and English texts in manuscript miscellanies depended not just on chronology but also on the types of text they copied. To substantiate this case, I compare the situation of romances, which rarely circulated with French-language companions in manuscript, with those of lyrics, which mixed freely with French lyrics. The association of the lyric with francophone culture explains why English and French lyrics continued to be copied alongside each other in medieval manuscripts.
John Northwood’s Miscellany Revisited
Authors: Scase Wendy
Published: September 2015

London, British Library, MS Additional 37787, a volume of prayers and other devotions and related material, was part-edited by Nita S. Baugh as A Worcestershire Miscellany Compiled by John Northwood c. 1400 (1956). Baugh’s title was based on ownership inscriptions of John Northwood, monk at Bordesley Abbey, Worcestershire, and members of the Throckmorton family also of Worcestershire. These associations have made the manuscript an important witness in narratives about Cistercian participation in the production and circulation of Middle English verse manuscripts in the West Midlands and the role of monasteries in fostering vernacular writing and book production, including the Vernon and Simeon manuscripts. This chapter proposes that this view is called into question by careful codicological examination of the volume. Through challenging these propositions it suggests alternative ways to explore and explain the production of books containing vernacular prayers and devotions in late medieval England.
The Chivalric Miscellany
Authors: Taylor Andrew
Published: September 2015

A chivalric miscellany, such as the ‘Grete Booke’ commissioned by Sir John Paston II in the 1460s, can be classified according to the likely use its owner made of it, or intended to make of it, even though this will be very difficult to determine. One complication is that people who wish to acquire prestige by associating themselves with a book, whether a contemporary fanbook or a medieval miscellany, may themselves be uncertain as to the socially acceptable limits of the codicological category. Medievalists have sometimes referred to highly personal miscellanies as ‘commonplace books’, but this term is best reserved for books that actually were composed of commonplaces, short pieces of widely accepted wisdom. There were many kinds of chivalric miscellanies, and the terms we employ offer tentative judgements on the purpose and control of the original patron or owner.
Towards a Taxonomy of Middle English Manuscript Assemblages
Authors: Boffey Julia , Edwards A. S. G.
Published: September 2015

The terminology for discussing collections of texts in Middle English is generally lacking precision. Terms like ‘anthology’, ‘miscellany’, or ‘commonplace book’ tend to be used interchangeably and anachronistically. This chapter is an attempt to formulate a more precise terminology for discussing the forms of assemblage in which Middle English literary texts survive, and to offer, with appropriate illustrations, indications of the limits of useful attempts at categorisation among collections in this period. The chapter looks at place and chronology as important aspects of a manuscript’s compilation history, and explores the different accretive ways in which texts were assembled together. It signals the important precedent of texts grouped together in commercially produced booklets, and considers the notion of the book as a pragmatically convenient repository for groups of items, especially short texts.
A arborização urbana e os reflexos socioambientais: um estudo de caso no município de Codó (MA)
Authors: Sobrinho Oswaldo Palma Lopes , Sousa Mayara Oliveira , Pereira Alvaro Itauna Schalcher , Silva Lana Fernanda Borges da , Carlos Maria da Assunção Silva , Lopes Mikaelle Azevedo , Silva Ísis Valéria Borges da , Ferreira Júlio César Sobreira
Published: September 2015

Arborização é toda cobertura vegetal de porte arbóreo existente nas cidades. Essa vegetação oferece a sobrevivência dos seres vivos, se constituindo indispensável elemento ao equilíbrio ecológico e imprescindível por ser a garantia das características originais de um lugar. O objetivo deste estudo foi mostrar a condição atual em que se encontra a Arborização do Centro da cidade de Codó (MA), bem como seus reflexos para a população e para o meio ambiente urbano, a fim de demonstrar a relevância da implantação de um projeto de revitalização arbórea e (re)educação ambiental. Para isso realizou-se um levantamento através da aplicação de questionários com moradores, pedestres e comerciantes do Centro da cidade de Codó (MA). Constatou-se que 84% dos entrevistados apontaram o crescimento populacional como à principal causa da redução das áreas verdes, e 16% teve opiniões contrárias. Quando se perguntou a necessidade da preservação de árvores, 100% afirmaram que é necessário, pois propicia uma sensação de bem-estar, e um ambiente agradável às pessoas. Perguntou-se para os entrevistados se os mesmos conheciam algum projeto sobre arborização desenvolvido na cidade de Codó (MA), 100% afirmaram que não conhecem. Com isso, percebeu-se a necessidade e a importância da realização de estudos voltados à compreensão, conscientização e a integração de um projeto de arborização nos processos urbanos ambientais para dessa forma estimular a participação comunitária no ato de arborizar. Desta forma, proporcionou-se conhecimento e um levantamento sobre a situação atual em que se encontra a arborização na cidade de Codó (MA).
Utilização de um protocolo de avaliação rápida da diversidade de habitats em ambientes lóticos
Authors: Carvalho Emerson Machado de , Russo Marcia Regina , Nakagaki Jelly Makoto
Published: September 2015

Diante da constante degradação dos ecossistemas fluviais torna-se de fundamental importância o desenvolvimento de métodos que avaliem os padrões globais que determinam a qualidade dos sistemas lóticos de forma objetiva, com baixo custo e de maneira eficiente. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a eficiência da utilização de um Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida da Diversidade de Habitat em atividades de monitoramento de ambientes lóticos por estudantes de graduação. O estudo foi conduzido em dois riachos e contou com a participação de 114 estudantes dos cursos de bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas e Engenharia Ambiental, que utilizaram o protocolo adaptado dos propostos pela EPA de Ohio, EUA. Na avaliação, os riachos Curral de Arame e Água Boa foram classificados em “natural” e “alterado”, respectivamente. Observou-se baixa variabilidade nas respostas entre os estudantes, o que não interferiu no resultado final da avaliação das condições ecológicas dos riachos. Alguns dos parâmetros físicos e químicos da água mensurados corroboram a classificação do protocolo, uma vez que foi observada diferença significativa para oxigênio dissolvido e condutividade elétrica da água entre os riachos. Entretanto, o protocolo utilizado constituiu-se em um eficiente recurso didático e uma ferramenta simples e dinâmica para atividades de monitoramento.
Cueva Huenul 1 Archaeological Site, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina: Initial Colonization and Mid-Holocene Demographic Retraction
Authors: Barberena Ramiro
Published: September 2015

In this paper 1 present an intensively dated chrono-stratigraphic sequence for the Cueva Huenul 1 archaeological site, Neuquen Province, Argentina. Located in the inland deserts of northwestern Patagonia, Cueva Huenul 1 offers a remarkable temporal record of events for a largely unstudied desert region. I connect this local record with available data on a macroregional scale to reassess (1) the timing of the first human colonization of the area and its implications for explaining the extinction of megafauna (ca. 14,000-10,000 cal B.P.) and (2) the decrease in human occupation recorded in several South American deserts during parts of the mid-Holocene (ca. 8000-6000 cal B .P.). The data presented here show a gap of about 1,500 calendar years between the extinction of megafauna and the appearance of humans. A review of evidence from the northern Patagonia and southern Cuyo regions is consistent with this record, favoring ecological causes for regional extinction ofmegafaunal taxa. Integration of this record with those indicating the earliest human presence in South America (e.g., Monte Verde, Chile) is consistent with a process of human radiation to the inland Patagonian deserts from nodes of initial occupation. The chrono-stratigraphic sequence from Cueva Huenul 1 also contributes to an assessment of a trough in human occupation along the South American Arid Diagonal around 8000-6000 cal B.P. Evidence for a decrease in occupational intensity during this period is found in the highland and lowland deserts in Mendoza and San Juan, the Puna region in northwestern Argentina, the Atacama Desert in Chile, and possibly the Pampean region. Previous researchers have suggested that persistent arid conditions would have produced increasing landscape fragmentation, particularly affecting desert areas. A more specific understanding of the demographic processes underlying this archaeological signal is needed. In this paper I suggest that this trough reflects not only spatial and social rearrangements, but also a macro-regional demographic retraction. This could have caused a population bottleneck with lasting biological and cultural implications.
Les iSchools : l’information, la technologie et l’individu
Authors: Moulaison Heather Lea , Adkins Denice
Published: September 2015

Les iSchools sont un regroupement d’écoles s’intéressant à l’information, à la technologie et aux utilisateurs. Elles émergent des écoles de bibliothéconomie et de la tradition éducative en bibliothéconomie et sciences de l’information (BSI). Soixante-cinq écoles réparties dans le monde entier font présentement partie du mouvement des iSchools. En Amérique du Nord, les iSchools sont majoritairement en lien étroit avec l’American Library Association (ALA), en raison du processus d’agrément des programmes de maîtrise qui y sont toujours offerts. Même si l’ALA valide la formation des professionnels de l’information et que les iSchools s’intéressent à la formation des chercheurs qui étudient l’information comme phénomène, les deux perspectives peuvent être complémentaires.
(Re)labeling
Authors: Cecchetto Carlo , Donati Caterina
Published: September 2015

A new theory of labeling that sheds light on such syntactic phenomena as relativization, successive cyclicity, island phenomena, and Minimality effects.

When two categories merge and a new syntactic object is formed, what determines which of the two merged categories transmits its properties one level up—or, in current terminology, which of the two initial categories labels the new object? In (Re)labeling, Carlo Cecchetto and Caterina Donati take this question as the starting point of an investigation that sheds light on longstanding puzzles in the theory of syntax in the generative tradition. They put forward a simple idea: that words are special because they can provide a label for free when they merge with some other category. Crucially, this happens even when a word merges with another category as a result of syntactic movement. This means that a word has a “relabeling” power in that the structure resulting from its movement can have a different label from the one that the structure previously had. Cecchetto and Donati argue that relabeling cases triggered by the movement of a word are pervasive in the syntax of natural languages and that their identification sheds light on such phenomena as relativization, explaining for free why relatives clauses have a nominal distribution, successive cyclicity, island effects, root phenomena, and Minimality effects.
Consensus and Global Environmental Governance
Authors: Baber Walter F. , Bartlett Robert V.
Published: September 2015

An examination of the potential and limitations of deliberative consensus as a way to achieve effective international environmental governance.

In this book, Walter Baber and Robert Bartlett explore the practical and conceptual implications of a new approach to international environmental governance. Their proposed approach, juristic democracy, emphasizes the role of the citizen rather than the nation-state as the source of legitimacy in international environmental law; it is rooted in local knowledge and grounded in democratic deliberation and consensus. The aim is to construct a global jurisprudence based on collective will formation. Building on concepts presented in their previous book, the award-winning Global Democracy and Sustainable Jurisprudence, Baber and Bartlett examine in detail the challenges that consensus poses for a system of juristic democracy.

Baber and Bartlett analyze the implications of deliberative consensus for rule-bounded behavior, for the accomplishment of basic governance tasks, and for diversity in a politically divided and culturally plural world. They assess social science findings about the potential of small-group citizen panels to contribute to rationalized consensus, drawing on the extensive research conducted on the use of juries in courts of law. Finally, they analyze the place of juristic democracy in a future “consensually federal” system for earth system governance.
Public Reason and the Value of (Searching for) Shared Values
Authors: Newman Olivia
Published: September 2015

According to the premise of liberalism, political arrangements are only legitimate when citizens consent to them. This chapter elaborates on this theory of public justification and explains the centrality of discursive norms such as public reason. But public reason faces several challenges, particularly at the intersection of religion and politics, where some citizens are unable or unwilling to practice public reason. Rawls defines away these true believers as “unreasonable” and hence unworthy of inclusion in the process of public justification; even Habermas and Connolly fail to overcome this challenge. This chapter makes the case that more can and should be done to incorporate these political outliers, for the sake of stability, legitimacy, and fairness.
A Psychological, Not Political, Conception of the Person
Authors: Newman Olivia
Published: September 2015

A stronger commitment to inclusion demands a motivational account of why citizens (and especially true believers) might exercise public reason when doing so is difficult for them and may offer few immediate rewards. Rawls’s “political not metaphysical” conception of the person is too thin to help us develop a motivational account for public reason; this requires psychology, as this chapter argues. This psychological dimension also informs a reformulated version of public justification, following O’Neill’s lead, which avoids the trappings of both normative and empirical accounts by instead employing the standard of the possible public reasoning of actual agents. Accordingly, legitimacy is established by showing that a large swath of citizens possesses the psychological wherewithal to exercise public reason.
The Censor's Hand
Authors: Schneider Carl E.
Published: September 2015

An argument that the system of boards that license human-subject research is so fundamentally misconceived that it inevitably does more harm than good.

Medical and social progress depend on research with human subjects. When that research is done in institutions getting federal money, it is regulated (often minutely) by federally required and supervised bureaucracies called “institutional review boards” (IRBs). Do—can—these IRBs do more harm than good? In The Censor's Hand, Schneider addresses this crucial but long-unasked question.

Schneider answers the question by consulting a critical but ignored experience—the law's learning about regulation—and by amassing empirical evidence that is scattered around many literatures. He concludes that IRBs were fundamentally misconceived. Their usefulness to human subjects is doubtful, but they clearly delay, distort, and deter research that can save people's lives, soothe their suffering, and enhance their welfare. IRBs demonstrably make decisions poorly. They cannot be expected to make decisions well, for they lack the expertise, ethical principles, legal rules, effective procedures, and accountability essential to good regulation. And IRBs are censors in the place censorship is most damaging—universities.

In sum, Schneider argues that IRBs are bad regulation that inescapably do more harm than good. They were an irreparable mistake that should be abandoned so that research can be conducted properly and regulated sensibly.
Chapter 13. Phonology: Stress and Vowel Reduction
Authors: Nesset Tore
Published: September 2015

Where do the complex stress patterns in Modern Russian come from? And why is Москва ‘Moscow’ pronounced with an unstressed [a] in the first syllable? In this chapter, you learn about the history of two related phenomena that cause problems for learners of Russian: stress patterns and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.

 

Click on the links below to learn more!

13.2 Akanje
Chapter 3. Excel basics
Authors: Santos Jorge
Published: September 2015

<span style="background: white; color: black; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Verdana',sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">This introductory chapter of CONΣERV IT deals with the following preparatory skills:

- How to lose the fear of using a spreadsheet?
- How to do basic repetitive calculations?
- How to present figures and reports in scientific style?
- How to efficiently select and summarize sub-groups of data?

<span style="background: white; color: black; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Verdana',sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">

<span style="background: white; color: black; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Verdana',sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Excel basics
Chapter 2. Test yourself
Authors: Santos Jorge
Published: September 2015

This introductory chapter of CONΣERV IT deals with the following preparatory skills:

- Am I aware of the basics of scientific writing required to write an informative report?
- Do I remember the basics of mathematics?
- How do I use statistics to plan and analyze my field or experimental data?
The New York Nonprofit Revitalization Act of 2013: Enhancing the Governance and Accountability of the Not-for-Profit Organization around the World
Authors: Seyam Achraf A. , Cooper Barry N.
Published: September 2015

New York Non-Profit revitalization Act of 2013 has brought sweeping and critical changes that were lagging for New York’s vital non-profit sector as there has not been any changes in four long decades. The bill was simply seeking to correspond to the prior stagnation and to bring about new rules and regulations that would enhance governance controls and accountability, regain public trust that had been heavily undermined due to the multiple fraud scandals that have occurred in the past. The most significant changes were made in reporting requirements that reduced the regulatory burdens and raised the thresholds for financial reporting and eliminated barriers to incorporation; the Act also reduced procedural hurdles for non-profit transactions and modernized the board procedures and voting requirements.

The Revitalization Act of 2013 significantly improved many requirements related to the governance and accountability of the non-profit organizations. In particular the audit functions of the audit committee, as well as internal control conflict of interest and whistleblower policies.
DAS NARRATIVAS: O PIBID E A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES PARA O TRABALHO COM O TEXTO EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: De Oliveira Martins Heinig Otilia Lizete
Published: September 2015

O trabalho com leitura e produção de textos em sala de aula é a tônica deste artigo que visa discutir a formação de professores para o ensino e aprendizagem de textos do eixo do narrar dentro das ações delineadas pelo subprojeto de Letras da FURB entre 2011 e 2013. As narrativas são compreendidas pelo viés teórico da psicolinguística com amparo em Stein; Glenn (1979) e Scliar-Cabral e Grimm-Cabral (1984)o que auxilia na formação teórica dos professores, na produção de instrumentos de coleta e análise de dados e materiais didáticos. Para o diagnóstico da escrita dos alunos do ensino fundamental de três escolas, foram aplicados comandos para produção de narrativas que, depois de analisadas, nortearam as ações em sala de aula, as avaliações e novos diagnósticos ao final de cada ano. As narrativas iniciais indicaram que: a introdução da cena e personagens era escrita com expressões lingüísticas convencionais de início; havia uma situação problema e o resultado estava presente, mas não estava explicado como a situação problema foi resolvida. As ações dos professores em formação alteraram esses resultados iniciais, levando-os a compreender que um diagnóstico completo das narrativas permite entender quais são os principais problemas para tentar resolvê-los, o que exige um plano de trabalho em sala de aula durante todo o ano e uma intervenção com cada grupo de alunos para ajudá-los a refletir sobre o modo como organizam suas narrativas.
A statistical gap‐filling method to interpolate global monthly surface ocean carbon dioxide data
Authors: Jones Steve D. , Le Quéré Corinne , Rödenbeck Christian , Manning Andrew C. , Olsen Are
Published: September 2015

We have developed a statistical gap‐filling method adapted to the specific coverage and properties of observed fugacity of surface ocean CO2 (fCO2). We have used this method to interpolate the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) v2 database on a 2.5°×2.5° global grid (south of 70°N) for 1985–2011 at monthly resolution. The method combines a spatial interpolation based on a “radius of influence” to determine nearby similar fCO2 values with temporal harmonic and cubic spline curve‐fitting, and also fits long‐term trends and seasonal cycles. Interannual variability is established using deviations of observations from the fitted trends and seasonal cycles. An uncertainty is computed for all interpolated values based on the spatial and temporal range of the interpolation. Tests of the method using model data show that it performs as well as or better than previous regional interpolation methods, but in addition it provides a near‐global and interannual coverage.
A forecasting model of the magnetosphere driven by an optimal solar wind coupling function
Authors: Tsyganenko N. A. , Andreeva V. A.
Published: September 2015

A new empirical magnetospheric magnetic field model is described, driven by interplanetary parameters including a coupling function by Newell et al. (2007), termed henceforth as “N index.” The model uses data from Polar, Geotail, Cluster, and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellites, obtained in 1995–2013 at distances 3–60  RE. The model magnetopause is based on Lin et al. (2010) boundary driven by the solar wind pressure, IMF Bz, and the geodipole tilt. The model field includes contributions from the symmetric ring current (SRC), partial ring current (PRC) with associated Region 2 field‐aligned currents (R2 FAC), tail, Region 1 (R1) FAC, and a penetrated IMF. Increase in the N index results in progressively larger magnitudes of all the field sources, the most dramatic and virtually linear growth being found for the PRC and R1 FAC. The solar wind dynamic pressure Pdyn affects the model magnetotail current in proportion to the factor
, where the exponent ζ on the order of 0.4–0.6 steadily decreases with increasing N index. The PRC peaks near midnight at N ∼ 0 but turns duskward with growing N. At ionospheric altitudes, both R1 and R2 FAC expand equatorward with growing N and Pdyn, and the R2 zone rotates westward. Larger values of N result in a more efficient penetration of the IMF into the magnetosphere and larger magnetic flux connection across the magnetopause. Growing dipole tilt is accompanied by a persistent and significant decrease of the total current in all magnetospheric field sources.
Self‐Recovering Triboelectric Nanogenerator as Active Multifunctional Sensors
Authors: Ma Mingyuan , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Guangjie , Zhang Zheng , Liang Qijie , Zhang Yue
Published: September 2015

A novel self‐recovering triboelectric nanogenerator (STENG) driven by airflow is designed as active multifunctional sensors. A spring is assembled into the STENG and enables the nanogenerator to have self‐recovering characteristic. The maximum output voltage and current of the STENG is about 251 V and 56 μA, respectively, corresponding to an output power of 3.1 mW. The STENG can act as an active multifunctional sensors that includes a humidity sensor, airflow rate sensor, and motion sensor. The STENG‐based humidity sensor has a wide detection range of 20%–100%, rapid response time of 18 ms, and recovery time of 80 ms. Besides, the STENG could be utilized in the application of security monitoring. This work expands practical applications of triboelectric nanogenerators as active sensors with advantages of simple fabrication and low cost.
Mapping Electric Field‐Induced Switchable Poling and Structural Degradation in Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Leijtens Tomas , Hoke Eric T. , Grancini Giulia , Slotcavage Daniel J. , Eperon Giles E. , Ball James M. , De Bastiani Michele , Bowring Andrea R. , Martino Nicola , Wojciechowski Konrad , McGehee Michael D. , Snaith Henry J. , Petrozza Annamaria
Published: September 2015

For lead halide perovskite solar cells to be considered for large‐scale commercial applications, the active material must be proven to be fundamentally stable under relevant operating conditions, such as exposure to light, heat, ambient environment, and electrical bias. Reversible and irreversible effects upon applying an electric field under different environmental conditions are identified. The application of an electric field in inert conditions leads only to a reversible poling on a time scale of minutes, whose distribution is mapped throughout the semiconductor film. It is also found that the presence of moisture, and in general of small polar and hydrogen‐bonding molecules, results in an irreversible degradation in the presence of the electric field, which happens in a time scale of hours under conditions relevant for photovoltaic operation. The measurements here suggest that the irreversible field‐induced degradation in air occurs via a hydrated phase, in which the organic cation is loosely bound and can drift in response to an electric field, finally degrading the material to PbI2. This has direct relevance to perovskite solar cells; hysteretic behavior in current–voltage curves is aggravated by the presence of moisture while devices aged under load accelerates degradation.
Lithium Polyacrylate (LiPAA) as an Advanced Binder and a Passivating Agent for High‐Voltage Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pieczonka Nicholas P. W. , Borgel Valentina , Ziv Baruch , Leifer Nicole , Dargel Vadim , Aurbach Doron , Kim Jung‐Hyun , Liu Zhongyi , Huang Xiaosong , Krachkovskiy Sergey A. , Goward Gillian R. , Halalay Ion , Powell Bob R. , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: September 2015

Intensive studies of an advanced energy material are reported and lithium polyacrylate (LiPAA) is proven to be a surprisingly unique, multifunctional binder for high‐voltage Li‐ion batteries. The absence of effective passivation at the interface of high‐voltage cathodes in Li‐ion batteries may negatively affect their electrochemical performance, due to detrimental phenomena such as electrolyte solution oxidation and dissolution of transition metal cations. A strategy is introduced to build a stable cathode–electrolyte solution interphase for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) spinel high‐voltage cathodes during the electrode fabrication process by simply using LiPAA as the cathode binder. LiPAA is a superb binder due to unique adhesion, cohesion, and wetting properties. It forms a uniform thin passivating film on LNMO and conducting carbon particles in composite cathodes and also compensates Li‐ion loss in full Li‐ion batteries by acting as an extra Li source. It is shown that these positive roles of LiPAA lead to a significant improvement in the electrochemical performance (e.g., cycle life, cell impedance, and rate capability) of LNMO/graphite battery prototypes, compared with that obtained using traditional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) binder for LNMO cathodes. In addition, replacing PVdF with LiPAA binder for LNMO cathodes offers better adhesion, lower cost, and clear environmental advantages.
Is there a correlation between sleep disordered breathing and foramen magnum stenosis in children with achondroplasia?
Authors: White Klane K. , Parnell Shawn E. , Kifle Yemiserach , Blackledge Marcella , Bompadre Viviana
Published: September 2015

Children with achondroplasia have midface hypoplasia, frontal bossing, spinal stenosis, rhizomelia, and a small foramen magnum. Central sleep apnea, with potential resultant sudden death, is thought to be related to compression of the spinal cord at the cervicomedullary junction in these patients. Screening polysomnography and/or cervical spine MRI are often performed for infants with achondroplasia. Decompressive suboccipital craniectomy has been performed in selected cases. We aim to better delineate the relationship between polysomnography, cervical spine MRI, and indications for surgical decompression in achondroplasia.We retrospectively review electronic medical records of all children with achondroplasia in our IRB‐approved skeletal dysplasia registry who had received screening polysomnography and cervical spine MRI examination was performed. We explored correlations of polysomnography, MRI parameters, and need for decompressive surgery. Seventeen patients with both polysomnography and MRI of the cervical spine met inclusion criteria. The average age at time of the sleep study was 2.4 ± 3.6 years. An abnormal apnea–hypopnea index was found in all patients, with central sleep apnea found in 6/17. Five patients (29%) required foramen magnum decompression. We found no statistically significant correlation between central sleep apnea and abnormal MRI findings suggestive of foramen magnum stenosis. Screening polysomnography is an important tool but does not appear to correlate with MRI findings of foramen magnum stenosis. Cord compression, with either associated T2 cord signal abnormality or clinical findings of clonus, was most predictive of subsequent surgical decompression. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temple syndrome as a result of isolated hypomethylation of the 14q32 imprinted DLK1/MEG3 region
Authors: Briggs Tracy A. , Lokulo‐Sodipe Kemi , Chandler Kate E. , Mackay Deborah J. G. , Temple I. Karen
Published: September 2015

We present a Caucasian female, who was diagnosed at 13 years of age with Temple syndrome (formerly referred to as “maternal UPD 14 phenotype”) due to an epigenetic loss of methylation at IG‐DMR/MEG3‐DMR at the chromosome 14q32 imprinted locus. Clinical features were typical and included intra‐uterine growth retardation (IUGR), low birth weight, hypotonia, and poor feeding in the neonatal period; and failure to thrive and developmental delay—particularly in relation to speech—in early childhood. Premature puberty, with short stature and truncal obesity, but normal intelligence, were the key features in teenage years. To date only eight patients with Temple syndrome due to an epigenetic error have been described and the etiology of the methylation defect is currently undetermined. In view of a tendency towards central obesity, patients are at potential risk of early‐onset type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as cardiovascular disease and they, therefore, require appropriate monitoring. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gonadal mosaicism in ARID1B gene causes intellectual disability and dysmorphic features in three siblings
Authors: Ben‐Salem Salma , Sobreira Nara , Akawi Nadia A. , Al‐Shamsi Aisha M. , John Anne , Pramathan Thachillath , Valle David , Ali Bassam R. , Al‐Gazali Lihadh
Published: September 2015

The gene encoding the AT‐rich interaction domain‐containing protein 1B (ARID1B) has recently been shown to be one of the most frequently mutated genes in patients with intellectual disability (ID). The phenotypic spectrums associated with variants in this gene vary widely ranging for mild to severe non‐specific ID to Coffin–Siris syndrome. In this study, we evaluated three children from a consanguineous Emirati family affected with ID and dysmorphic features. Genomic DNA from all affected siblings was analyzed using CGH array and whole‐exome sequencing (WES). Based on a recessive mode of inheritance, homozygous or compound heterozygous variants shared among all three affected children could not be identified. However, further analysis revealed a heterozygous variant (c.4318C>T; p.Q1440*) in the three affected children in an autosomal dominant ID causing gene, ARID1B. This variant was absent in peripheral blood samples obtained from both parents and unaffected siblings. Therefore, we propose that the most likely explanation for this situation is that one of the parents is a gonadal mosaic for the variant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a gonadal mosaicism inheritance of an ARID1B variant leading to familial ID recurrence. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thiazole Orange as a Fluorescent Light‐Up Probe for the i‐Motif and its Application to the Development of a Molecular Logic System
Authors: Xu Lijun , Shen Xiaoqiang , Hong Shanni , Wang Jine , Zhou Lu , Chen Xing , Pei Renjun
Published: September 2015

Thiazole orange (TO) as a fluorescent probe for H+‐induced i‐motif formation is reported. TO fluoresces in the presence of the folded structures of i‐motif DNA sequences and H+ and/or Ag+ ions, which allows the design of an “OR” logic gate.
Challenges and Opportunities of Endovascular Stroke Therapy
Authors: Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Fisher Marc
Published: September 2015

In light of the results of the recent trials comparing endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke compared to the previous standard of care, endovascular treatment is now the new standard for patients with acute ischemic stroke resulting from proximal vessel occlusion. This is probably the greatest advancement in stroke treatment in two decades. However, these results, in addition to creating great opportunities for better outcomes for stroke patients and for future research, have also brought with it new challenges. In this article, we present the key results of the trials, as well as future challenges and opportunities. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:11–17
Highly Dispersed SiOx/Al2O3 Catalysts Illuminate the Reactivity of Isolated Silanol Sites
Authors: Mouat Aidan R. , George Cassandra , Kobayashi Takeshi , Pruski Marek , van Duyne Richard P. , Marks Tobin J. , Stair Peter C.
Published: September 2015

The reaction of γ‐alumina with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) vapor at low temperatures selectively yields monomeric SiOx species on the alumina surface. These isolated (‐AlO)3Si(OH) sites are characterized by PXRD, XPS, DRIFTS of adsorbed NH3, CO, and pyridine, and 29Si and 27Al DNP‐enhanced solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The formation of isolated sites suggests that TEOS reacts preferentially at strong Lewis acid sites on the γ‐Al2O3 surface, functionalizing the surface with “mild” Brønsted acid sites. For liquid‐phase catalytic cyclohexanol dehydration, these SiOx sites exhibit up to 3.5‐fold higher specific activity than the parent alumina with identical selectivity.