bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the pectinesterase enzyme activity when storing table grape varieties depending on the degree of ripening
Authors: Kazimova İlhama , Nabiyev Ahad , Omarova Elza
Published: December 2021

Grapes are rich in easily digestible carbohydrates, mineral compounds, vitamins, phenolic compounds. and other vital components. It is known that fresh grapes can be used from September to December. To prolong the terms of consumption of this valuable raw material, the most appropriate varieties and conditions for storing grapes have been determined. White, pink, and red grape varieties were taken as the object of research. The changes in the activity of the pectinesterase enzyme were determined depending on the degree of ripening of table grape varieties, the change in the pectinesterase enzyme during storage of table grape varieties in various variants was investigated. Statistical processing and calculation of variations in the indicators of changes in the activity of the enzyme pectinesterase were performed, depending on the degree of ripening of grapes of the Shamakhi Marandi variety.
During the study, the pectinesterase enzyme remained more stable in mature varieties. This means that in ripe table grape varieties, the absorption of nutrients in the respiratory process is significantly slowed down. However, as they mature, the activity of the pectinesterase enzyme gradually increases. Therefore, for long-term storage in refrigerated chambers, fully ripe varieties of table grapes were used; to this end, grapes of the white Ganja table variety, the pink Shamakhi Marandi variety, and the red Black Asma variety are more suitable.
The comparison of the investigated variants showed that table grape varieties, when stored in a refrigerated chamber in a controlled atmosphere, at 3–4 % CO2 and 2–3 % O2, retain better quality than other variants. When storing table grape varieties of various variants in the refrigerator, the enzyme activity decreases but is not completely suppressed.
Improving methods for evaluating the results of digitizing public corporations
Authors: Dunayev Igor , Kud Aleksander , Latynin Mykola , Kosenko Alisa , Kosenko Victor , Kobzev Igor
Published: December 2021

The list, nature, and directions in changing the business processes of public corporations due to digital transformation have been determined. The main digital technologies that are used by public corporations operating in the basic sectors of the national economy were grouped. It has been proven that one of the most important criteria for digital transformation is the level of information transparency.
A morphological matrix of digital transformation of public corporations has been built and the positions of the latter in the process under study have been determined. Based on the results of the matrix assessment, it was concluded that the most attention is attracted by the digitalization processes in corporations-outsiders. This is because this position is characterized by a high level of digital maturity but a low level of transparency. To ensure a high level of transparency, it seems appropriate for these companies to introduce new digital technologies.
This paper analyzes those endogenous and exogenous factors that promote or block the process of introducing digital technologies in public corporations. It was found that at the level of public corporations, there are significant resource constraints, which are manifested in the lack of funds for the introduction of digital technologies. Another significant obstacle is the psychological barriers associated with the unwillingness to use digital technologies in the work process.
The generalization of the efficiency indicators of business processes and criteria for factor conditions of digital transformation has made it possible to identify the main components of the system model of digitalization of public corporations. Considering the above, an authentic system model of digitalization of the public corporate sector is proposed. It seems appropriate to use the model to determine the effect of the introduction of digital technologies in the public corporate sector.
Influence of aeration rate and method of process activation on the degree of purification of zinc-containing waste water by ferritization
Authors: Yemchura Bogdan , Kochetov Gennadii , Samchenko Dmitry , Kovalchuk Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

The aeration rate for the degree of purification of highly concentrated galvanic wastewater from zinc and ferrum ions was investigated using various activation methods. It is shown that the intensity of aeration has a significant effect on the quality of wastewater treatment and the characteristics of water treatment sludge. The efficiency of the use of an energy-saving method for activating the ferritization process with the use of electromagnetic pulses for the extraction of zinc ions from wastewater has been confirmed.
It was determined that with an increase in the aeration rate to 3.5 dm3/min per 1 dm3 of the reaction mixture and the use of thermal activation of the process, the residual concentration of zinc ions remains within the range of 0.12÷0.2 mg/dm3. In this case, the concentration of ferrum ions decreases to values of 0.08÷0.14 mg/dm3. It was found that at an aeration rate of 2.5 dm3/min and the use of pulsed electromagnetic (EMP) activation, the residual concentrations of heavy metal ions decrease to values of 0.08÷0.16 mg/dm3. Comparison of the results indicates the advisability of using low rates of aeration of the reaction mixture. This, together with the use of resource-saving EMR process activation, allows to achieve a significant reduction in energy costs.
The quantitative phase composition of ferritization precipitates was determined, in which the crystalline phases of zinc ferrite Zn2Fe2O4 and magnetite Fe3O4, as well as ferrum oxyhydroxide FeO (OH) and sodium sulfate Na2SO4, prevail. It is found that with an increase in the volumetric aeration rate, the proportion of the ferrite phase increases. At an aeration rate of 2.0 dm3/min, more than 85 % of the zinc ferrite phase was found in the sediments. Taking into account the qualitative and quantitative composition of precipitates, it is recommended to use them in the production of building materials.
The experimental results obtained make it possible to provide a comprehensive processing of liquid galvanic waste.
Optimization of international road transportation of cargoes in the management of enterprises of agricultural sector and road transport enterprises
Authors: Volynets Lyudmila , Sopotsko Olha , Sevostianova Alina , Levchenko Iaroslava , Khrutba Yuliia
Published: December 2021

To enhance the efficiency of management of enterprises in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to improve logistic processes of delivery of livestock and crop production in the implementation of international road transportation. Delivery of cargo "just in time" is very important, so transportation time planning is relevant and allows reducing costs.
The process of planning the delivery of perishable goods was described. The spread of the required time is presented for transportation with a varied degree of stochasticity. It was found that the specifics of customs clearance affect the availability of a certain minimum time required for such a procedure. The time of customs clearance of cargo and delay time affect the deadline for cargo registration in international road transportation. The widest spread of time is observed by the procedure of customs clearance of cargoes that takes from 12 to 25 hours, and the probability of customs clearance is only 0.435. Accordingly, this affects a decrease in indicators of "just in time" delivery. The functional dependence of the probability of transit time not exceeding the planned time was compared, depending on the data of the specified route. Based on probabilistic analysis, the possibility of unplanned deviations from the estimated terms of each stage was taken into account and the optimal set of time intervals, which allow obtaining the optimal probability of "just in time" delivery, was proposed. The total cargo delivery time does not change.
The recommendations on formulating the requirements for road transport enterprises were given. Namely, to strengthen the requirements for the time of cargo transit. These requirements include the average speed of motion, the choice of appropriate transport, planning the route in terms of the speed mode of highways, etc.
Harmonic suppression compensation of photovoltaic generation using cascaded active power filter
Authors: Mustafa Mohammed Obaid , Abbas Najimaldin M.
Published: December 2021

The wide spectrum of electromagnetism that explains current and voltage at specific time and location in a power system is referred to as power quality. Alternative energies are becoming more popular due to concerns about power quality, safety, and the environment, as well as commercial incentives. Moreover, photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most well-known renewable resources since it is free to gather, unlimited, and considerably cleaner. Active power filter (APF) is an effective means to dynamically suppress harmonics and solve power quality problems caused by the DC side voltage fluctuation. Therefore, this paper describes a substantial advancement in the harmonic suppression compensation algorithm, as well as the cascaded active power filter. Also, this paper focuses on compensating the error of photovoltaic grid-connected generation based on optimized H-bridge cascaded APF. The details of the working principle and topological structure of the APF used as the compensation device are analyzed. The H-bridge cascaded APF is optimized using the segmented variable step-length conductance increment (SVSLCI) algorithm. The overall cascaded APF control strategy is designed and simulated using MatLab/Simulink environment. By the simulation results comparing the existing traction network power quality control measures, before and after compensation, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified. The proposed controller strengthens the compensation of specific odd harmonics to improve the system work models and criteria to improve power quality. Moreover, the proposed algorithm showed positive significance for optimizing the quality of photovoltaic grid-connected power, reducing the current harmonic, and improving the equipment utilization of photovoltaic inverters.
Devising information technology for determining the redundant information content of a digital image
Authors: Prystavka Pylyp , Dukhnovska Kseniia , Kovtun Oksana , Leshchenko Olga , Cholyshkina Olha , Zhultynska Anhelina
Published: December 2021

The information technology that implements evaluation of redundant information using the methods of preprocessing and segmentation of digital images has been devised. The metrics for estimating redundant information containing a photo image using the approach based on texture variability were proposed. Using the example of aerial photography data, practical testing and research into the proposed assessment were carried out.
Digital images, formed by various optoelectronic facilities, are distorted under the influence of obstacles of various nature. These obstacles complicate both the visual analysis of images by a human and their automatic processing. A solution to the problem can be obtained through preprocessing, which will lead to an increase in the informativeness of digital image data at a general decrease in content.
An experimental study of the dependence of image informativeness on the results of overlaying previous filters for processing digital images, depending on the values of parameters of methods, was carried out. It was established that the use of algorithms sliding window analysis can significantly increase the resolution of analysis in the time area while maintaining a fairly high ability in the frequency area. The introduced metrics can be used in problems of computer vision, machine and deep learning, in devising information technologies for image recognition. The prospect is the task of increasing the efficiency of processing the monitoring results by automating the processing of the received data in order to identify informative areas. This will reduce the time of visual data analysis. The introduced metrics can be used in the development of automated systems of air surveillance data recognition.
Analysis of state of public financing of environmental protection
Authors: Yaroshevych Nataliia , Stybel Volodymyr , Gutyj Bogdan , Hrymak Oleh , Kushnir Lesya , Kalaitan Tetyana , Kondrat Iryna
Published: December 2021

The main task of this study consists in evaluating the state of funding for environmental protection measures and substantiating the ability of the state and local communities to increase investments in environmental protection. To this end, the following was studied from 2010 through 2020:
1) mechanisms of filling and using funds of the Environmental Protection Fund of state and local budgets;
2) proportions of distribution of environmental revenues and expenditures between levels of the budget system. The analysis results showed that opportunities of the public economy sector in terms of environmental investment are reduced because of imperfect distributing mechanisms:
‒ the budgetary expenditures for environmental protection measures;
‒ the environmental tax revenues to the budget funds.
It was established that a significant part (about 70 %) of the "environmental" funds of the public economy sector is directed to non-priority goals and measures. Less than half of the amount of environmental tax revenues is allocated for financing environmental activities. This does little to address pressing environmental issues and hinders the sustainable development of the country. There was a significant discrepancy between the tax burden on "polluters" of water bodies (3 % of the total amount of environmental tax) and the levels of their polluting activities (30‒40 % of all costs of the national economy to eliminate the effects of pollution). In order to increase public investments in the reproduction of the environmental and natural resource potential:
1) ways to improve the mechanism of using the Fund of Environmental Protection were proposed;
2) reserves for increasing capital environmental investments from the budget have been identified.
Development of a method for assessing forecast of social impact in regional communities
Authors: Yevseiev Serhii , Ryabukha Yurii , Milov Oleksandr , Milevskyi Stanislav , Pohasii Serhii , Melenti Yevgen , Ivanchenko Yevheniia , Ivanchenko Ihor , Opirskyy Ivan , Pasko Igor
Published: December 2021

The development of the social aspect of the world community is closely related to the expansion of the range of digital services in cyberspace. A special place in which social networks occupy. The world's leading states are conducting information operations in this environment to achieve geopolitical goals. Such processes are reflected in real social and political life. This makes it possible to influence not only the social groups of society, but also to ensure manipulation in political "games" in the conduct of hybrid wars.
The simultaneous interaction of social factors, influencing factors, the presence of communities in social networks forms a full-fledged socio-cyber-physical system capable of integrating real and virtual interactions to manage regional communities.
The article proposes a method for predicting the assessment of social mutual influence between “formal” and “informal” leaders and regional societies. The proposed models make it possible to form not only a forecast of the influence of agents, but also the interaction of various agents, taking into account their formal and informal influences, the use of administrative resources, political moods of the regional society. This approach allows dynamic modeling based on impact and relationship analysis.
The presented results of simulation modeling do not contradict the results of opinion polls and make it possible to form a set of measures that can be aimed at overcoming the negative impact on the regional society of both individual “leaders” and political parties. Analysis of the simulation results allows to increase both the political and social stability of the regional society, helps to prevent conflict moods and contradictions.
Study of compatibility of components of a new combined drug for treatment of alcoholic intoxication and its hepatoprotective effect on a model of alcoholic liver injury
Authors: Rudakova Olha , Gubar Svitlana , Smielova Nataliia , Lytkin Dmytro , Briukhanova Tatiana , Bezchasnyuk Elena , Bevz Nataliia , Georgiyants Victoriya
Published: December 2021

The aim of the work is the development of a combined drug for use in alcohol intoxication based on the physicochemical properties and chemical compatibility of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients, and the study of the hepatoprotective effect in alcoholic hepatitis in rats.
Materials and methods. During the studies, physical and physicochemical methods were used, a Specord 200 spectrophotometer (Germany), analytical scales Sartorius (SARTORIUS, Germany), class A volumetric glassware and reagents that meet the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPhU). Alcoholic hepatitis in rats was reproduced by intragastric administration of an aqueous 40% ethanol solution at a dose of 7 ml/kg for 1 week.
Results. A new combined agent is proposed for use in alcohol intoxication in the form of an effervescent powder for the preparation of an oral solution, which contains glycine, L-glutamic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, ascorbic acid, fructose / sorbitol and sodium bicarbonate and citric acid to accelerate the dissolution of medicinal substances. To study the compatibility of the components, experimental studies of hygroscopicity, chemical interaction / chemical stability and an assessment of the redox potential of the proposed active pharmaceutical ingredients were carried out. To study the stability of the API, studies were carried out on sugaramine condensation due to the choice of amino acids and ascorbic acid in the composition of drugs. Based on the research results, it was decided to divide the API into 2 packages, separating sodium bicarbonate and glycine, which can interact with ascorbic acid / acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid, respectively. In an in vivo experiment, it was found that the use of the new drug is accompanied by the normalization of the antioxidant-prooxidant status of the liver due to a likely decrease in the TBA-AP level and an increase in the RG index in the liver homogenate relative to the control group.
Conclusions. Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of API allowed us to propose a new combined drug (TS-PP) for use in alcohol intoxication in the form of an effervescent powder for the preparation of oral solution. In alcoholic hepatitis in rats, it was found that the use of the studied drug largely prevents the formation of the effects of the toxic effects of ethanol on the rat organism, which is manifested by inhibition of destruction of hepatocyte membranes, a decrease in the level of LPO products, restoration of the RG index and improvement of the protein synthesizing function of the liver due to the complex effect of amino acids and ascorbic acid contained in the product
Analysis of state of the art «threats» to Ukrainian startups
Authors: Kartuzov Iegor
Published: December 2021

The object of this research is a quick recap to assess barriers on startups evolution in Ukraine after acquiring an independence 30 years ago and those developed of today. The paper aims to analyze an impact of political, historical and other factors affecting startups evolution and to understand how it decelerates an efficient functioning of technology transfer process nowadays. If one wants to establish a successful and fast-growing business, then you may need to create your own startup. The experience and practice show that it is a rather complicated process, which follows a few factors and conditions that determine its success and/or failure at the end. Being based on previously proposed efforts devoted to succinct analysis of historical, political and other premises jeopardizing transfer in Ukraine, this one is to scrutinize startups as an effective tool for such a transfer. The result of this endeavor makes a solid background for further debates in terms of political science, legal regulations and export control associated with startups and technology transfer. They highlight that startups' and DUs’ status quo implies that a global economy undergoes a number of changes related to demographic trends, technological advances, accelerated innovation and globalization. This study employs qualitative methodology and being under an umbrella of descriptive research design to accord on historical, technical, political, and other implications for startups origin as the effective mechanism for technology transfer and state’s security. This descriptive research portrays a rather accurate profile of present situation around Ukrainian startups. This design offers a profile of described relevant aspects of the problem from author's individual perspective.
Development of a model of selecting cloud software for a road construction organization under interval information
Authors: Kononykhin Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

The object of research is the management processes of a road construction organization. The research is based on the principles of systems analysis for structuring design processes; methods of mathematical modeling, fuzzy mathematics, discrete programming, multicriteria assessment and optimization for the selection of cloud software for road construction organizations in terms of interval information. The information system of a road construction organization includes planning, reporting, regulatory and technical documentation that characterizes the state and movement of information in the enterprise. It is important to use systems that speed up the generation, processing and preparation of documents, as well as improve the storage and retrieval of information. The introduction of cloud technologies has become a necessary condition for increasing the mobility, flexibility and efficiency of the management system of a road construction organization. Formalized processes of information collection and internal distribution can better predict the dynamics of market trends and act more quickly, make decisions confidently and reasonably. In the final stages of selection for assessment, it is convenient to apply the criteria in conditions of interval uncertainty. The study was aimed at improving the efficiency of transport management by developing a model for choosing the cloud software of a road construction organization in terms of interval information. The following criteria of partial optimization were used in the developed model: maximum speed of execution of functions by cloud software; minimum cloud software requirements for internet connection speed; minimum cost of cloud software. The scope of permissible solutions is determined by restrictions:

– execution of all functions must be provided by cloud software;

– the minimum speed of execution of functions by the cloud software should be not lower than set;

– cloud software requirements for Internet connection speed should not exceed the specified;

– the cost of cloud software should be no more than specified.

The developed model will reduce the cost of purchasing cloud software and increase the efficiency of transport management of a road construction organization.
Researching the problems of digital economy development as an indicator of the information society: potential threats and prospects
Authors: Hlazova Anna
Published: December 2021

The object of the paper is peculiarities of digital economy development in the framework of informatization of socio-economic, socio-cultural relations. It contributes to the in-depth development of the noosphere, the emergence of new industries and a qualitative transformation of production and distribution relations. The paper examines the impact of digitalization on transformational changes in the economy. As noted at the 14th G20 Summit, the main goals of digitalization are the development of innovations, focused on the development of society 5.0, ensuring the free flow of data and at the same time solving problems, related to information security and the protection of intellectual property rights, as well as bridging the digital gap and promoting the digitalization of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and the development of smart cities.

The research methodology is based on theoretical and methodological analysis of the literature, statistical, comparative analysis, as well as synthesis, generalization and systems analysis.

The study has revealed differences between the national approach and world experience in the interpretation of digitalization. For instance, in Ukraine the phenomenon involves, first of all, «digitization» in the field of data collection and analysis. At the same time, the concept of digitalization in developed countries is considered as the modernization of the manufacturing sector based on the implementation of information and communication technologies in order to reduce the capital and material intensity of products to increase competitiveness. In addition, the level of development of central bank digital currencies (CBDC) as one of the indicators of the information society has been analyzed. As a result, it was found, that about 80 % of all central banks in the world have been working on projects to issue their own digital currency. The basic requirements for national CBDC have been systematized.

The practical significance, presented in the paper, lies in making recommendations for policy implementation of national economy digitalization. It is important, first of all, to «digitize» the real manufacturing sector, but not only create all sorts of «remote access services», clearly define the government position on cryptocurrencies and continue to implement the project of e-hryvnia (digital currency of National Bank of Ukraine) introduction.
NEPP: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA POR MEIO DE CONSULTORIA À ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS DEFICIENTES FÍSICOS DO RN
Authors: Freire Manuela Hannah De Mendonça , Pereira Jadson Silva , Momo Denise Cristina , Medeiros Marlene
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo trata do relato de experiência da ação realizada na Associação dos deficientes físicos do Rio Grande do Norte (ADEFERN), por meio de convênio entre esta e o Núcleo de extensão e prática profissional (NEPP), do IFRN Campus Natal Zona Norte. O objetivo da ação foi de aplicar os conhecimentos técnicos dos alunos do curso tecnólogo em Marketing, de modo a identificar os principais problemas da ADEFERN, e minimizar estes, por meio da prática profissional. A metodologia utilizada foi a de consultoria, iniciada com o diagnóstico da instituição e posterior ações de melhoria. A motivação desta prática se deu pela necessidade de explorar os ensinamentos dados em sala de aula, culminando na aplicação destes conhecimentos. Como principais resultados apontam-se: a análise da matriz SWOT; o desenvolvimento da marca para a rádio da instituição; a elaboração da missão, visão e valores da empresa; Desenvolvimento de mídias sociais, enquanto ferramentas de integração e potencialização de estratégias.
Periodontal, Functional, and Esthetic Integration of Peri-Implant Soft Tissue: WHS Concept
Authors: Lysov Aleksandr , Saadoun Andre P.
Published: December 2021

The long-term functional success of implant treatment depends on the stability of the crestal bone around the implant platform. The esthetic result is achieved by adequate quality and quantity of soft tissue in the peri-implant area. The soft tissue creates the buffer area that ensures the mechanical and biological protection of the underlying bone. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain in the long term, not only implant osseointegration, but also the integrity of the soft tissue around the sub- and suprastructures of the implant restoration. To create the protective soft tissue area, it is necessary to ensure 3 criteria. This treatment approach will be defined as TWS–soft tissue management: T for thickness, W for width, and S for stability. There are many ways to achieve the first 2 criteria, which are described in the literature. Achieving the third criterion of stability has become possible only recently because of the development of digital treatment planning, surgically guided, and prosthetic-assisted technology that uses a 1-time abutment and its implementation into the dental practice. The purpose of this article is to present with clinical cases a detailed description of each criterion.
Praktik Kewargaan dalam Arena Institusi Informal Era Demokratisasi
Authors: Kamil Insan
Published: December 2021

Most studies on citizenship have only focus on the practice of citizenship in the context of formal state institutions. On the other hand, there are relatively few studies discussing citizenship practices in informal institutions. Therefore, this study examines the practice of citizenship in Islamic boarding schools/pesantren in the form of bonds as jamaah. This article intends to map the operation of pesantren as a binder of social ties between its citizens, as well as the pattern of relations between kiai and santri. This research shows that pesantren acts as lebenschraum habitus which installs the perceptions and expressions of its citizens. Pesantren is also a locus of power that has a significant influence on political and civic practices. As a locus of power, there is symbolic capital which is represented and reproduced continuously so that the symbolic capital produces economic, social, and cultural capital. The surplus of capital owned by the lora enables them to transform from the habitus of pesantren, to the habitus of political society and the state through the mechanism of electoral democracy.  Even though the pesantren  with all their supporting elements have a clientelistic relationship pattern, there is a public morality that can be transformed to strengthen the democratization agenda in the future.
Waḥdat al-Wujūd as Post-Avicennian Thought: Comparing Writings on the Basmala by Ibn ‘Arabī and ‘Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī
Authors: Lohlker Rüdiger
Published: December 2021

The article has a two main aims: situating the (post-)Akbarian ideas in the context of Islamic post-classical, esp., post-Avicennian thought and moving the field of the study ‘Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī away from the focus on one work, al-Insān al-Kāmil, to the inclusion of a broader specter of writings regarded as minor texts. The article proposes a rhizomatic reading of the sources to re-open the field of analysis. At the same time, the article argues for waḥdat al-wujūd as a main element of post-classical Islamic discourse sharing a framework with post-Avicennian thought. Reconfiguring the field of the study of writings on waḥdat al-wujūd this will allow for an analysis of the field not an analysis of selected works. The analysis will be done by a close reading of a set of works focussed on the basmala as one of the most important formulae. This is not an analysis of the letters and its interpretations but much more of the post-classical philosophy and the relation of the Sufism of waḥdat al-wujūd to it. The article discusses the role of the writings of al-Jīlī and Ibn ‘Arabī. The analysis of the field of writings of al-Jīlī opens a perspective on waḥdat al-wujūd as an interrelated field of meanings beyond the focus on single works and its possible intertextual references.
On the Renovation of Religious Discourse: Analysis of Concepts, and Internal and External Disciplines
Authors: Darwish Housamedden
Published: December 2021

This article aims to clarify the meaning of “renovation of religious discourse”, specifically by defining the disciplines of this renovation and their importance in determining its meaning. The disciplines play a pivotal role in determining the nature, meaning, and possibilities of renovating religious discourse. To demonstrate this thesis, the article will first make some conceptual distinctions between ‘discourse of religion’ and ‘religious discourse’, between ‘religion’ and ‘religiosity’, between ‘renovation in religious discourse’ and ‘renovation of religious discourse’. Secondly, it will make a distinction between internal and external disciplines. Internal disciplines lie within the religious text itself and in the hermeneutic circle between understanding parts of the text and understanding it as a whole, between understanding and pre-understanding, between the inside and the outside. In doing so, the paper focuses mainly on the role of the ruling political and economic powers and authorities. The paper concludes that renovating religious discourse is a political and institutional issue rather than a purely religious one related to individuals and that it is conditional on the state and its political system, the extent of its actual adoption of the concepts of ‘the state of citizenship and law’, democracy, and the extent to which it protects freedoms, differences, and pluralism.
Web Scraping or Web Crawling: State of Art, Techniques, Approaches and Application
Authors: Khder Moaiad
Published: December 2021

Web scraping or web crawling refers to the procedure of automatic extraction of data from websites using software. It is a process that is particularly important in fields such as Business Intelligence in the modern age. Web scrapping is a technology that allow us to extract structured data from text such as HTML. Web scrapping is extremely useful in situations where data isn’t provided in machine readable format such as JSON or XML. The use of web scrapping to gather data allows us to gather prices in near real time from retail store sites and provide further details, web scrapping can also be used to gather intelligence of illicit businesses such as drug marketplaces in the darknet to provide law enforcement and researchers valuable data such as drug prices and varieties that would be unavailable with conventional methods. It has been found that using a web scraping program would yield data that is far more thorough, accurate, and consistent than manual entry. Based on the result it has been concluded that Web scraping is a highly useful tool in the information age, and an essential one in the modern fields. Multiple technologies are required to implement web scrapping properly such as spidering and pattern matching which are discussed. This paper is looking into what web scraping is, how it works, web scraping stages, technologies, how it relates to Business Intelligence, artificial intelligence, data science, big data, cyber securityو how it can be done with the Python language, some of the main benefits of web scraping, and what the future of web scraping may look like, and a special degree of emphasis is placed on highlighting the ethical and legal issues. Keywords: Web Scraping, Web Crawling, Python Language, Business Intelligence, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Cybersecurity, legal, ethical.
Endividamento e investimentos dos governos subnacionais no Brasil: uma análise via funções de reação
Authors: Simonassi Andrei Gomes , Gondim Filho Jurandir Gurgel , Arraes Ronaldo de Albuquerque e
Published: December 2021

Resumo Este artigo investiga a solvência e a sustentabilidade da política de investimentos realizada pelos governos subnacionais no Brasil entre 2008 e 2016, limitado pelas alterações na contabilidade pública promovidas pela Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional que impedem a comparação de itens das receitas a partir de 2017 com os dados passados. Considerando a metodologia de avaliação da capacidade de pagamento (CAPAG) da STN para os governos subnacionais no Brasil, conduz-se a análise empírica adaptando a proposta de Bohn (1999; 2007). Os resultados obtidos em quatro especificações para funções de reação fiscal atestam insustentabilidade da política fiscal do setor público dos estados, uma política fiscal inócua das capitais brasileiras quando se consideram os empenhos, mas indícios de um comportamento solvente a partir dos valores liquidados nestas. Adicionalmente, constata-se para as duas esferas de governo o ciclo virtuoso dos investimentos, que viabiliza aumentos de receita que se sobrepõem aos respectivos incrementos de custeio.
Learning from Disagreement: A Survey
Authors: Uma Alexandra N. , Fornaciari Tommaso , Hovy Dirk , Paun Silviu , Plank Barbara , Poesio Massimo
Published: December 2021

Many tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision (CV) offer evidence that humans disagree, from objective tasks such as part-of-speech tagging to more subjective tasks such as classifying an image or deciding whether a proposition follows from certain premises. While most learning in artificial intelligence (AI) still relies on the assumption that a single (gold) interpretation exists for each item, a growing body of research aims to develop learning methods that do not rely on this assumption. In this survey, we review the evidence for disagreements on NLP and CV tasks, focusing on tasks for which substantial datasets containing this information have been created. We discuss the most popular approaches to training models from datasets containing multiple judgments potentially in disagreement. We systematically compare these different approaches by training them with each of the available datasets, considering several ways to evaluate the resulting models. Finally, we discuss the results in depth, focusing on four key research questions, and assess how the type of evaluation and the characteristics of a dataset determine the answers to these questions. Our results suggest, first of all, that even if we abandon the assumption of a gold standard, it is still essential to reach a consensus on how to evaluate models. This is because the relative performance of the various training methods is critically affected by the chosen form of evaluation. Secondly, we observed a strong dataset effect. With substantial datasets, providing many judgments by high-quality coders for each item, training directly with soft labels achieved better results than training from aggregated or even gold labels. This result holds for both hard and soft evaluation. But when the above conditions do not hold, leveraging both gold and soft labels generally achieved the best results in the hard evaluation. All datasets and models employed in this paper are freely available as supplementary materials.
Acem Serhaddinde Cafer Paşalar: Tebriz ve Şirvan Eyaletlerinin Muhafazası (1583-1591)
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Emirhan
Published: December 2021

1578-1590 seneleri arasında meydana gelen Osmanlı-Safevi mücadeleleri pek çok

muharebe ve kuşatmaya sahne olmuştur. Bu seferlerde Osmanlı orduları Şirvan ve Tebriz

gibi önemli şehirleri ve etrafındaki bölgeleri fethetmeyi başarmıştır. Seferler devam ettiği

ve Osmanlı kazançları henüz resmiyet kazanmadığı için fethedilen bu yerlerin muhafazası

ve idare edilmesi gerekmiştir. Şirvan ve Tebriz’de Osmanlı hakimiyetinin temelini

atmak ise adaş iki paşaya nasip olmuştur. Aynı zaman aralığında Şirvan’da Emektar Cafer

Paşa, Tebriz’de Hadım Cafer Paşa birçok sıkıntı ve zorlukla mücadele ederek fethedilen

bu yeni bölgelerde Osmanlı yönetiminin yerleşmesi ve askerî düzenin kurulmasını sağlamıştır.

İki devlet adamının Acem serhaddindeki tecrübeleri ve başarıları seferlerin ve

Acem serhaddinin tarihinde önemli bir yeri vardır. Bu makalede Cafer Paşaların uzun

senelere yayılan faaliyetleri incelenecektir.
PLAN TUTARLILIKLARININ TESTİ İÇİN BİR YÖNTEM ÖNERİSİ: MEKÂNSAL PLANLAR DEĞERLENDİRME KILAVUZU
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Mihriban , ERDOĞAN Aygün
Published: December 2021

Mekânsal planların tutarlılıklarının değerlendirilmesi, esas olarak; planın hazırlanması, uygulanması ve izlenmesi olmak üzere üç aşamadan oluşan planlama sürecinin bir parçası olmalıdır. Bu aşamaların her birini etkileyen değerlendirme türleri, sırasıyla “ön”, “süren” ve “sonrası” değerlendirme olarak bilinir. “Ön değerlendirme” aşamasındaki yetersizlikler, günümüz şehir ve bölge planlama çalışmalarında önemli konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Buradan hareketle, makalede yazın ve ulusal mevzuat kapsamında yapılan incelemelerle bu aşamayı, içinde nicel verilerin de yer aldığı nitel ölçütlü tutarlılık testlerine dayandıran analitik bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel çıktısı, bu kapsamda hazırlanan “Mekânsal Planlar Değerlendirme Kılavuzu (MPDK)”dur. Önce, MPDK’nın “içsel” ve kendi içinde “yatay” ve “dikey” olarak detaylanan “dışsal” tutarlılık şeklindeki iki ana grupta toplanan testlerinin oluşumu anlatılmaktadır. Devamında MPDK’nın sistematik çerçevesinin uygulanması, Türkiye’de farklı alan ve ölçeklerde plan yapma-onama yetkisine sahip kurumlar ve yetkilerinin yasal dayanaklarına referansla açıklanmakta ve kılavuzun belirlenen tür ve ölçekteki planlara uygulanma çerçevesi örneklendirilmektedir. Bu kapsamdaki örnek çalışma, Trabzon kentini kapsayan üst ölçekli planlar ile bu kent içinden seçilen bazı yerleşimlere yönelik alt ölçekli planları içermektedir.
On solving the vehicle routing problem using a fluid genetic algorithm
Authors:   Perm State University, Sidorenko D. O. , Gorodilov A. Yu. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The article describes an approach to solving the vehicle routing problem based on a fluid ge-netic algorithm. Fluid genetic algorithms differ from classical ones by a more flexible coding scheme for solutions, which is relevant for problems with a complex solution structure. The article presents a mathematical formulation of the problem. The authors proposed two variants of encoding individuals, as well as an algorithm for recalculating the probabilities that form a chromosome in a fluid genetic al-gorithm. The proposed approach is compared with other existing approaches. The conducted research suggests that the use of fluid genetic algorithms to solve the vehicle routing problem is possible. The obtained results are correct, however, the algorithm works too slowly on a big data, and the resulting solution turns out to be significantly worse than the solution obtained by the classical genetic algorithm. The article discusses possible solutions to the problems encountered. This paper is an expanded version of the work presented at the conference "Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Research 2021" [1].
To the necessary optimality conditions in systems with delay
Authors:   Institute of Control Systems of NAS Azerbaijan, Mansimov K. B.
Published: December 2021

An optimal control problem described by a system of ordinary differential equations with delay and a multipoint performance functional is considered. Necessary optimality conditions of singular controls are obtained.
СОСТАВ, СТРУКТУРА И ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ СИЛИЦИДА ТИТАНА В РЕАКЦИИ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА
Authors:   Perm State University, Tretyakova V.V. , Ponomareva A.E. ,   Perm State University, Panteleeva V.V. ,   Perm State University, Shein А.B. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

The phase composition and structure of titanium silicide have been investigated by X-ray diffraction and X-ray spectral microanalysis methods. It has been found that the investigated silicide is a singlephase system consisting of a high-temperature TiSi2 modification with a rhombic face-centered lattice. The cathodic behavior of the TiSi2 electrode has been studied by the methods of polarization and capacitance measurements. It has been found that the cathodic potentiostatic curves of silicide in solutions of 0,5 M H2SO4; 0,5 M H2SO4 + 0,005 M NaF and1,0 M NaOHhave Tafel sections with slopes of 0,120; 0,097 and 0,109 V and they are characterized by the values of the hydrogen evolution overvoltage 0,90; 0,64 and 0,74 V (at i = 1 A/cm2), respectively. Titanium disilicide in sulfuric acid solution belongs to materials with a high overvoltage of hydrogen evolution, but in a fluoride-containing sulfuric acid solution and in an alkaline solution - to materials with a low overvoltage of hydrogen evolution. Based on measurements of the differential capacitance of the TiSi2 electrode (at f = 10 kHz), it has been concluded that a thin silicon dioxide film (Si + 2H2O → SiO2 + 4H+ + 4e–)is present on the surface of the silicide in the acidic fluoride-free electrolyte.
Mass Media and Conflicts: Media-Geographical Studies
Authors: Yakova Tamara
Published: December 2021

This article presents the results of media geographical studies of publications of American and European mass media covering conflicts and crises of different levels and scales (global, international, regional, and local). Through the prism of media-geographical views on the processes of media reality formation, the author examined mass media approaches of different countries on the topic of coverage. The research methodology included media metric analysis, rank analysis (rank distributions of the popularity of semantic categories for Internet audiences around the world), quantitative and qualitative content analysis of media texts and analysis of publications according to the criteria of the theory of peaceful journalism. The results of the rank analysis illustrated the possibilities of using this method to study the mental landscapes of different countries and regions. Special attention was paid to the interpretation of meanings and their transformation in space and time, as well as to the spatial analysis of big data (based on Google Trends statistics) with an emphasis on the dynamics of changes in media behavior and media consumption of Internet audiences in different time periods. The empirical basis for content analysis was made up of publications of online versions of 10 American and European mass media in English, German and French of 2020. The main result of the study: the majority of media texts — about 80 % — do not contribute to the search for ways of peaceful settlement of conflicts (they abound in emotionally colored vocabulary, negative markers, categorical assessments, journalists do not make attempts to deeply analyze the situation, synthesize different positions and search for creative non-violent ways to resolve contradictions). Mass media publications often become a source of increasing tension in society, the parties of conflicts are represented as antagonists in media texts, journalists fail to establish a connection between them and bridge the gap between their interests. The results of a comparative analysis of media texts according to the criteria of the theory of peaceful journalism allowed us to classify the main approaches for the mass media conflicts covering and develop a number of proposals and recommendations to use in journalistic practice.