bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fécondité et niveau d'études des femmes en France à partir des enquêtes annuelles de recensement
Authors: Davie Emma , Mazuy Magali
Published: February 2011

Résumé Cet article propose une analyse de la fécondité des femmes selon leur niveau de diplôme durant la période 2000-2008, à partir des données des enquêtes annuelles de recensement (EAR) réalisées de 2004 à 2009, en utilisant la méthode des enfants au foyer. Environ 2,5 % des enfants ne peuvent être rattachés à leur mère, et on observe un déficit d’enfants en très bas âge dans les EAR. Les taux de fécondité par âge issus de ces enquêtes sont de ce fait légèrement inférieurs à ceux de l’état civil, notamment avant 30 ans. La fécondité varie sensiblement avec le niveau d’instruction. Le recul de l’âge à l’accouchement s’observe pour toutes les femmes, et particulièrement pour les non-diplômées. Cependant, le processus d’entrée en parentalité est différent d’un milieu social à l’autre : l’âge moyen au premier enfant est de 25 ans pour les non-diplômées alors qu’il est de 30 ans pour les diplômées du supérieur. Ces dernières concentrent davantage leur vie reproductive autour de 31 ans, alors que les non-diplômées ont une fécondité étalée sur un plus grand nombre d’années. La fécondité varie également selon le lieu de naissance, surtout pour les femmes sans diplôme. Les non-natives sans diplôme ont une fécondité plus forte que les natives non diplômées, alors que les niveaux de fécondité des femmes ayant suivi des études supérieures sont assez proches, qu’elles soient nées sur le territoire ou non. Enfin, la fécondité des non-natives participe peu au niveau de fécondité global : moins de 0,1 enfant par femme.
Comment corriger la sous-estimation de la mortalité infantile en Moldavie ?
Authors: Penina Olga , Meslé France , Vallin Jacques
Published: February 2011

Résumé Dans certains pays de l’ex-URSS, les évolutions apparentes de la mortalité sont perturbées par des phases d’amélioration ou de dégradation de la qualité des statistiques. En Moldavie, la qualité de la mesure de la mortalité infantile s’est brusquement améliorée au début des années 1970, mais continue de poser quelques problèmes jusqu’à ce jour. Le changement des années 1970 est particulièrement important car l’attention alors portée par les autorités à la mortalité périnatale a mis à jour un sous-enregistrement plus général des décès infantiles. Par ailleurs, ce n’est qu’en 2008 que la Moldavie a adopté la définition OMS de la naissance vivante, sans pour autant que la part de décès néonataux échappant à l’enregistrement ait été totalement résorbée. Cette note de recherche propose de retracer l’évolution de la mortalité infantile moldave depuis 1945, corrigée de ces biais d’observation, et d’apprécier l’effet de ces corrections sur l’espérance de vie.
De l'antihystérie à l'hystérie à travers des figures du masochisme
Authors: Savvopoulos Savvas
Published: February 2011

Résumé Le masochisme est plus qu’une disposition psychique. Il est structural et intrinsèque au psychisme humain, en œuvre tant dans la lignée hallucinatoire que dans la lignée traumatique. Le masochisme a valeur de barrage ultime dans l’organisation somato- psychique dans la mesure où sa visée est de lier l’autodestruction grâce aux investissements érotiques. L’attention portée aux variations de l’organisation masochique des patients, particulièrement des patients mal mentalisés, permet de soutenir tous les mouvements d’investissements masochiques secondaires, tant au niveau psychique qu’au niveau des symptômes du corps. À travers la masochisation du symptôme somatique, peut s’effectuer une hystérisation secondaire. Le masochisme n’est pas seulement un gardien de la vie, mais également une boussole dans l’appréciation des transformations psychiques.
Dépression essentielle et dépression psychotique : chiasme, différences, complémentarités
Authors: Delourmel Christian
Published: February 2011

Résumé La survenue d’une dépression essentielle à un moment de la vie d’un sujet pourrait se comprendre comme une modalité de retour d’un passé traumatique d’avant le langage dont parle Freud dans Constructions dans l’analyse . La survenue d’un processus de somatisation comme la survenue d’un délire dans ce contexte de réactualisation d’une dépression précoce résulteraient d’une brusque amplification de la dépression infantile et du débordement économique induit par sa réverbération sur un événementiel traumatique actuel au moment de ce retour du passé court-circuitant la voie longue de la remémoration. La différence dans ce retour d’un traumatique précoce résiderait dans les destins de l’affect et dans le recours à la projection qui conditionneraient la qualité de la dépression – essentielle ou psychotique – et en conséquence la voie de la somatisation ou du délire.
Le psychisme, le corporel et le somatique
Authors: Brusset Bernard
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’auteur défend l’idée que si le dualisme ontologique du corps et de l’esprit doit être contesté, le dualisme épistémologique du psychique et du somatique donne tout son relief au modèle freudien de l’étayage. La clinique est d’abord celle de l’expérience corporelle, mais la réduction à l’hystérie et aux névroses évite la question de la somatisation et celle de l’hypocondrie. En outre, la théorie des addictions et des effets des chimiothérapies requiert les modèles complexes des rapports circulaires du somatique et du psychique. Le nécessaire renoncement à une théorie moniste unifiée laisse place à la modestie des diverses formes de dualisme en laissant ouverte la question de leur articulation.
Vie d'âme, meurtre d'âme
Authors: Green André
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’auteur propose une conception originale selon laquelle l’appareil psychique tendrait à repousser ses limites au-delà de lui-même. Pour Freud, ce n’est pas la naissance qui coïncide avec la séparation d’avec la mère. L’âme freudienne est entre corps et esprit, elle n’est donc ni immatérielle ni incorporelle. Freud rappelle que le nourrisson ne saurait survivre sans le concours de l’objet maternel. En conclusion, pas de moi sans autre . Freud trouve, dans les Mémoires de Schreber, le concept du meurtre d’âme . Si pour Schreber, l’émasculation est souhaitée lorsqu’elle traduit la volonté de Dieu et lui permet de devenir sa femme, au contraire, dans le meurtre d’âme, il s’agit d’une œuvre des démons qui livrent son corps à la prostitution. Deux citations, l’une de Freud, tirée de l’ Abrégé , l’autre de Winnicott, issue de La Nature humaine , défendent des conceptions convergentes.
Psyché est « réalité » ; n'en sait rien. La transitionnalité revisitée
Authors: Reid Wilfrid
Published: February 2011

Résumé La réalité psychique, non le psychisme, est le véritable objet de la psychanalyse. La psyché est non moins le produit que l’agent du travail psychique. L’auteur décrit une pluralité de modèles de travail de l’inconscient, modèles qui représentent une transformation évolutive de l’hallucinatoire : cette transformation, dans les conditions optimales, résulte en une reconnaissance inconsciente de l’inconscient comme modus operandi de l’inconscient.
Sperma Pyros. Affect et représentance
Authors: Papageorgiou Marina
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’auteur interroge la représentance de l’affect dans la psychisation de la pulsion et ses rapports avec la représentation. Le travail analytique avec un patient somatisant permet de montrer le gel des affects comme défense centrale mais aussi le rôle de l’affect dans le contre-transfert qui conduit, à travers une construction interprétative, à une reviviscence des processus psychiques tant affectifs que représentationnels.
À propos de l'intervention de Marina Papageorgiou
Authors: Sechaud Évelyne
Published: February 2011

Résumé À propos de l’intervention de M. Papageorgiou peut être dégagée l’importance de la sensorialité qui anime les traces mnésiques et qui peut permettre l’accès à des affects gelés et des représentations refoulées. La sensorialité auditive et visuelle est ici actualisée à travers des objets culturels musicaux et littéraires qui constituent un espace tiers partagé par l’analyste et le patient.
« Le corps en séance »
Authors: Horn Admar
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’auteur convoque le corps en séance, avec la prise en compte de la dimension addictive. Au-delà du dualisme soma-psyché, est ajouté le dualisme dedans-dehors. L’analyste change la position de son fauteuil pour regarder le patient allongé sur le divan. Le patient se permet donc de se laisser éprouver et aller dans son corps devant un objet transférentiel. Le thérapeute fait un choix d’être une mère « regardant », introduisant par un saut intéressant le père, « homme d’une grande valeur et qui n’est pas responsable de son désarroi ».
Le corps mourant du patient en séance
Authors: Parman Talat
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’auteur, en partant de son expérience de psychanalyste auprès des enfants cancéreux, présente ses réflexions théorico-cliniques sur le corps du patient en séance et plus précisément dans le cas d’un patient mourant. Un travail qui nécessite un cadre spécifique prenant en compte le fait que le traitement peut-être interrompu à tout moment avec la mort du patient. Il souligne l’important rôle qu’un psychanalyste peut jouer par sa présence même pour accompagner le travail de trépas que le patient est en train de faire.
À propos de l'éprouvé hypocondriaque
Authors: Robert Michel
Published: February 2011

Résumé La spécificité de l’éprouvé hypocondriaque est mise en relation avec une expérience œdipienne particulière dominée par une identification primaire à la mère, et un parricide originaire. À l’aide de trois courtes vignettes cliniques est illustré le rapport du sujet à la réalité externe et à son mode de causation.
Corps et vide au féminin
Authors: Aloupis Panos
Published: February 2011

Résumé À partir d’un moment mutatif lors de la cure d’une femme souffrant d’une atteinte somatique, l’auteur met en lien l’expérience du vide avec le masochisme dans leur rapport avec le féminin.
Anatomie d'une illusion : désir de chirurgie esthétique, psyché à corps perdu
Authors: Brullmann Françoise
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’article aborde les rapports de l’âme et du corps tels qu’ils apparaissent dans le désir de chirurgie esthétique. La clinique montre qu’il y a parfois une confusion entre le corps objet de l’anatomie et le corps sujet « affecté » de la vie fantasmatique. Le corps est mis sur la sellette comme s’il y avait correspondance entre le reflet de l’image et le moi. Pourtant, la demande est subjective et Psyché est là, d’emblée. L’ébauche du cas clinique d’une jeune adolescente de quatorze ans, exprimant un désir de rhinoplastie, fera apparaître certains des enjeux inconscients contenus dans ces demandes. Elle montrera particulièrement comment « s’incarne », à l’adolescence, ce désir de reconstruction corporelle, en lien avec les remaniements pulsionnels internes et les inévitables transformations physiques.
Comme un funambule entre corps et psyché
Authors: Kac Ohana Nicole
Published: February 2011

Résumé À l’aide d’un cas clinique qui présente deux somatisations successives, l’auteure s’attache à la valeur économique de chacune d’entre elles et aux transformations de l’équilibre psychosomatique : renforcement du masochisme érogène primaire pour la première, réveil psychique sur un corps « affecté » pour la seconde somatisation. Le passage du soma au corps et du corps aux affects vers la représentation évoque l’image d’un funambule, soumis à de multiples excitations venues de son monde interne comme du monde extérieur, mais toujours à la recherche d’un équilibre entre corps et psyché.
Une histoire de bouches
Authors: Jean-Strochlic Christine
Published: February 2011

Résumé À partir de l’évocation du traitement d’un bébé atteint d’anorexie, s’engage une réflexion sur le concept d’étayage et la valeur qu’il peut avoir aujourd’hui en psychosomatique.
Défaillance de l'objet et somatisations
Authors: Saurer Andreas
Published: February 2011

Résumé Ce travail a pour but de montrer l’importance de l’objet réel et de l’intersubjectivité dans le travail avec des patients somatisants. Selon l’auteur, la problématique narcissique identitaire est en lien avec une relation primaire défaillante responsable d’un défaut du narcissisme. La défaillance de l’objet et le décrochage perceptif entraînent un rétrécissement de l’espace de jeu psychique et un bouillonnement pulsionnel. Ce dernier entre en résonance avec des traces agonistiques de la prime enfance et a tendance à déborder l’appareil psychique et à favoriser des somatisations. Sur le plan technique, l’auteur préconise la co-construction, le partage de l’affect et un travail de métacommunication.
Le tracé des mains : projection d'un moi corporel et psychique
Authors: Siksou Joyceline
Published: February 2011

Résumé À partir de la clinique des jeunes enfants, l’auteure questionne le tracé des mains, au regard de la recherche des yeux de la mère dans le miroir, comme projection d’une première délimitation psychique interne ancrée dans le corporel. Tracés des mains témoignant de l’intériorisation des premiers liens, du jeu des identifications intra- corporelles et des différenciations au corps psychisé de la mère. Ce tracé des mains signe une différenciation subjectivante entre soi et l’autre. Ce travail illustre l’idée avancée par F. Coblence et qui s’appuie sur le processus du développement, d’un moi s’inscrivant dans un long travail de séparation d’avec le corps de la mère.
Fantômes du corps, restes de langage
Authors: Scarfone Dominique
Published: February 2011

Résumé À l’aide d’une « excursion » dans le domaine neurologique, l’auteur tente de répondre aux questions suivantes : qu’y a-t-il de commun entre une douleur fantôme, un mot répétitif chez un aphasique, un état post-traumatique et un fétiche ? En quoi cela concerne-t-il la notion de vie d’âme ? En quoi cela a-t-il quelque rapport avec le fait que psyché soit étendue ou plutôt, comme le précise F. Coblence, qu’elle soit corporelle ?
Penser la « vie d'âme »
Authors: Bourdin Dominique
Published: February 2011

Résumé À partir d’une réflexion sur le rapport de F. Coblence, l’article souligne les enjeux de la traduction de Seele par âme et s’interroge sur la notion de vie d’âme. À cette lumière, sont rappelés les enjeux d’un monisme de l’être (position philosophique matérialiste) sous-tendant un dualisme pulsionnel, position caractéristique de l’œuvre freudienne. Bien des influences et des pressions tendent à s’opposer à une telle position, qui est ici maintenue ; l’article discute l’idéalisme des positions de J. Laplanche (rejet du « fourvoiement biologique », implantation du sexuel et « primat de l’autre »), s’interroge sur la notion de meurtre d’âme, et propose de prêter attention, y compris cliniquement, à la dimension « ontologique » de la psychanalyse.
Quelques préfigurations de psyché/soma et esprit
Authors: Jaeger Philippe
Published: February 2011

Résumé L’auteur compare quelques préfigurations de la psyché du sujet moderne – tripartition psyché/soma/esprit proposée par Winnicott – avec l’ancienne tripartition soma/thymos/noos présente chez Homère. Peu de temps avant la tragédie classique, Héraclite opère l’union de ces éléments en une vie d’âme avec toute la puissance d’un esprit dont le fonctionnement mental reste ancré aux processus primaires.
Chronique de jurisprudence
Authors: Busseuil Guillaume , Garinot Jean-Marie , Jourdain-Fortier Clotilde , Moine-Dupuis Isabelle
Published: February 2011

Cette année encore, les décisions rendues par l’Organe de règlement des différends de l’OMC permettent de mettre en lumière les difficultés à concilier les valeurs marchandes et non marchandes en droit du commerce multilatéral. Deux nouvelles affaires, qui impliquent l’Accord SPS mais aussi l’accord du GATT, soulèvent des questions de protection des végétaux pour la première, et de la santé pour la seconde ; une troisième est relative aux publications et « produits audiovisuels » ; enfin, une quatrième affaire concerne l’Accord sur les technologies de l’information (ATI), mécanisme de réduction tarifaire – bien qu’intégré au GATT – afférent aux produits numériques. La première affaire est relative au refus très ancien de l’Australie d’autoriser les importations de pommes en provenance de Nouvelle-Zélande et ceci pour des raisons de biosécurité. Elle se voit condamnée par le groupe spécial qui lui reproche, notamment, de ne pas avoir fondé sa mesure d’interdiction sur une procédure d’évaluation des risques menée conformément aux prescriptions de l’Accord SPS. La deuxième affaire concerne les États-Unis qui avaient institué une forme de moratoire sur les volailles abattues et traitées en Chine : à la suite de différents problèmes sanitaires suffisamment alarmants, les procédures d’inspection habituelles, pourtant rigoureuses et suivies, ne leur paraissaient pas garantir le niveau de protection qu’ils estimaient nécessaire. Les États-Unis se voient reprocher a posteriori leur réglementation par le groupe spécial, lequel à cette occasion passe un grand nombre d’articles de l’Accord SPS en revue. En outre, la question épineuse des relations entre cet accord et le GATT est opportunément soulevée. La réponse est cependant loin d’épuiser le débat à notre sens. La troisième affaire des publications et produits audiovisuels implique une fois encore la Chine, qui se voit en revanche condamnée pour sa politique de traitement national préférentiel, contredisant ses engagements au titre du GATT, ce qui n’est pas surprenant en soi, mais fournit l’occasion de mesurer la complexité de ces biens particuliers que sont les biens culturels. Enfin, la dernière affaire concerne les Communautés européennes dont c’est le tour d’être l’objet d’une décision qui leur est défavorable, sans réelle surprise là aussi, car la taxation des écrans plats de télévision allait directement à l’encontre de leurs engagements dans le cadre de l’ATI.
An Empirical Study of Problematic Internet Use and Self-Esteem
Authors: Widyanto Laura , Griffiths Mark
Published: February 2011

Previous research has alluded to the existence of a relationship between self-esteem and problematic Internet use. The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between problematic Internet use and a number of distinct demographic, behavioural, and psychosocial variables. Using an online survey, a self-selected sample comprising 1,467 Internet users participated in the study. The survey comprised 50 questions including validated scales for both self-esteem (Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale) and problematic Internet use (Internet Related Problem Scale; IPRS) in addition to demographic information. Based on previous literature, it was hypothesized that problematic Internet users were more likely than non-problematic Internet users to post low self-esteem scores. Results showed that self-esteem was strongly and negatively associated with IRPS. Also, for those with high IRPS scores, participation in online forums was the primary online activity followed by online gaming and chatting. Although the study comprised a self-selecting sample and utilized self-report, the results appear to provide robust evidence of an association between self-esteem and problematic Internet use mirroring prior research in the area.
Toxicity of Halogen, Sulfur and Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh Kumar , Chakraborty Arindam , Giri Santanab , Subramanian Venkatesan , Chattaraj Pratim
Published: February 2011

In this paper, quantitative–structure–toxicity–relationship (QSTR) models are developed for predicting the toxicity of halogen, sulfur and chlorinated aromatic compounds. Two sets of compounds, containing mainly halogen and sulfur inorganic compounds in the first set and chlorinated aromatic compounds in the second, are investigated for their toxicity level with the aid of the conceptual Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. Both sets are tested with the conventional density functional descriptors and with a newly proposed net electrophilicity descriptor. Associated R2, R2CV and R2adj values reveal that in the first set, the proposed net electrophilicity descriptor (??±) provides the best result, whereas in the second set, electrophilicity index (?) and a newly proposed descriptor, net electrophilicity index (??±) provide a comparable performance. The potential of net electrophilicity index to act as descriptor in development of QSAR model is also discussed.
Encouraging Engagement in Game-Based Learning
Authors: Whitton Nicola
Published: February 2011

It is a common misconception that game-based learning is, by its very nature, engaging for the majority of learners. This is not necessarily the case, particularly for learners in Higher Education who may need to be persuaded of the value of learning games. For some learners, games may simply not be perceived as engaging–either in terms of an initial motivation to play or sustained participation. This paper describes the Alternate Reality Games for Orientation, Socialisation and Induction (ARGOSI) project, which experienced unexpectedly low motivation and participation. Despite extensive marketing, only a small fraction of potential students participated in the game and of those a far smaller number were highly engaged. Evidence from the project is presented and the reasons for the lack of engagement in the game created are considered. Finally the paper reflects on ways in which engagement with game-based learning might be encouraged.
Cross-Border Cooperative Network in the Perspective of Innovation Dynamics
Authors: Platonov Vladimir , Bergman Jukka-Pekka
Published: February 2011

This study proposes a framework for the empirical research of cross-border innovation networks dealing with network characteristics, resource and information flows, and decision-making concerning technological innovations. The authors develop a conceptual model that relates network properties, flows of knowledge, and tangible resources with the likelihood of a decision on open innovation, closed innovation, and business expansion without innovations. The model decomposes knowledge flows, considered as the most significant factor for innovation dynamics, into flows of information, trust, and technological competence. The likelihood of strategic decisions in a cross-border innovation network environment is supposed to be dependent on the peculiarities of these flows, network properties such as structural cohesion, autonomy, equivalence, as well as cognitive distance. The paper discusses some distinctive features of this type of network between the North-West of Russia and South-East of Finland.
Pattern-Based Task Management as Means of Organizational Knowledge Maturing
Authors: Riss Uwe V.
Published: February 2011

This paper presents the principles of pattern-based task management (PBTM) that aims at knowledge maturing based on the integration of task and knowledge management. It takes into account that knowledge does not only manifest in artifacts but also in actions. The approach supports knowledge workers in the execution of their tasks by offering guiding task patterns without restricting their freedom of execution. Task patterns are collaboratively managed and support the sharing and development of work experience in a way, which makes this experience easily applicable to new tasks. The collaborative origin of task patterns requires offering obvious benefits to knowledge workers to motivate their contributions. In this regard, PBTM establishes an organizational knowledge maturation process that prevents the loss and ensures the development of organizational knowledge.
Supporting Knowledge-Based Decision Making in the Medical Context
Authors: Anselma Luca , Bottrighi Alessio , Molino Gianpaolo , Montani Stefania , Terenziani Paolo , Torchio Mauro
Published: February 2011

Knowledge-based clinical decision making is one of the most challenging activities of physicians. Clinical Practice Guidelines are commonly recognized as a useful tool to help physicians in such activities by encoding the indications provided by evidence-based medicine. Computer-based approaches can provide useful facilities to put guidelines into practice and to support physicians in decision-making. Specifically, GLARE (GuideLine Acquisition, Representation and Execution) is a domain-independent prototypical tool providing advanced Artificial Intelligence techniques to support medical decision making, including what-if analysis, temporal reasoning, and decision theory analysis. The paper describes such facilities considering a real-world running example and focusing on the treatment of therapeutic decisions.
Study on Oxidation of Stainless Steels During Hot Rolling
Authors: Jiang Z. Y. , Wei D. B. , Tieu K. , Huang J. X. , Zhang A. W. , Shi X. , Jiao S. H.
Published: February 2011

The oxidation of stainless steels 304 and 304L during hot rolling is studied in this paper. Results show the oxide scale thickness decreases significantly with an increase of reduction, and the oxide scales of both 304 and 304L stainless steels were found more deformable than the steel substrate. Surface roughness shows a complicated transfer during the hot rolling process due to the complexity of oxide scale characteristics. Also, surface roughness decreases with an increase of reduction. The friction coefficient increases with reduction in all cases, and the increase is more significant in the case of the 304 stainless steel than that of 304L stainless steel.
Development of an Optimization Framework for Parameter Identification and Shape Optimization Problems in Engineering
Authors: Andrade-Campos A.
Published: February 2011

The use of optimization methods in engineering is increasing. Process and product optimization, inverse problems, shape optimization, and topology optimization are frequent problems both in industry and science communities. In this paper, an optimization framework for engineering inverse problems such as the parameter identification and the shape optimization problems is presented. It inherits the large experience gain in such problems by the SiDoLo code and adds the latest developments in direct search optimization algorithms. User subroutines in Sdl allow the program to be customized for particular applications. Several applications in parameter identification and shape optimization topics using Sdl Lab are presented. The use of commercial and non-commercial (in-house) Finite Element Method codes to evaluate the objective function can be achieved using the interfaces pre-developed in Sdl Lab. The shape optimization problem of the determination of the initial geometry of a blank on a deep drawing square cup problem is analysed and discussed. The main goal of this problem is to determine the optimum shape of the initial blank in order to save latter trimming operations and costs.
Pictorial Pedagogy
Authors: Barker Philip
Published: February 2011

For sighted people, pictures provide an important mechanism of communication; they are also a valuable learning resource. This paper discusses these issues in context to their use in developing and promoting online pictorial pedagogy through the medium of computers. As the size of an image collection grows, some form of picture repository is needed in order to store, manage, and retrieve images. In this context, the role of a digital object repository is discussed and a case study involving the use of a very large image collection is briefly described.
Toward an Understanding of Software Piracy in Developed and Emerging Economies
Authors: Reinig Bruce A. , Plice Robert K.
Published: February 2011

The software industry loses billions of dollars annually to software piracy and has raised awareness of the high software piracy rates worldwide, particularly in emerging economies. In this paper, the authors build a general model of software piracy that includes three economic and social factors suggested by the literature, including per capita GNI, the relative size of a country’s IT market, and government corruption. The paper demonstrates that the relationship between national software piracy and per capita GNI is nonlinear, with additional gains in per capita GNI, producing marginally smaller reductions in software piracy. No structural variation is found in the model with respect to whether an economy is developed or emerging, using the OECD membership as a proxy. However, a structural break did exist with respect to the relative size of a country’s IT market. The analysis suggests that the classification of an economy as developed or emerging does not necessarily advance the understanding of the causal mechanisms that give rise to software piracy. Findings suggest that more insight can be gained by focusing on strategies that take into account the relative size of a country’s IT market.
Examining the Varying Influence of Social and Technological Aspects on Adoption and Usage of Knowledge Management Systems
Authors: Hester Andrea J.
Published: February 2011

Knowledge management strives for effective capture and application of organizational knowledge, a resource imperative in sustaining organizations. To better achieve knowledge management initiatives, examination of factors influencing adoption and usage of knowledge management systems (KMS) are of great interest. Implementation of technological solutions considered organizational innovation is subject to potential problems of resistance, implying analysis of social factors equally important to technological factors. With Innovation Diffusion, Theory as a foundation, this research examines factors influencing adoption and usage of KMS. The model is extended to include Reciprocity Expectation, an important factor affecting knowledge management processes. Results indicate that some factors are important in determining adoption while others are important for continued usage. This research emphasizes careful consideration and re-evaluation of both social and technological factors throughout all stages of technology implementation; more specifically, Reciprocity Expectation may be an important factor affecting length of adoption, but insignificant in determining continued usage.
Integrated Analysis and Design of Knowledge Systems and Processes
Authors: Nissen Mark , Kamel Magdi , Sengupta Kishore
Published: February 2011

Although knowledge management has been investigated in the context of decision support and expert systems for over a decade, interest in and attention to this topic have exploded recently. But integration of knowledge process design with knowledge system design is strangely missing from the knowledge management literature and practice. The research described in this chapter focuses on knowledge management and system design from three integrated perspectives: 1) reengineering process innovation, 2) expert systems knowledge acquisition and representation, and 3) information systems analysis and design. Through careful analysis and discussion, we integrate these three perspectives in a systematic manner, beginning with analysis and design of the enterprise process of interest, progressively moving into knowledge capture and formalization, and then system design and implementation. Thus, we develop an integrated approach that covers the gamut of design considerations from the enterprise process in the large, through alternative classes of knowledge in the middle, and on to specific systems in the detail. We show how this integrated methodology is more complete than existing developmental approaches and illustrate the use and utility of the approach through a specific enterprise example, which addresses many factors widely considered important in the knowledge management environment. Using the integrated methodology that we develop and illustrate in this article, the reader can see how to identify, select, compose and integrate the many component applications and technologies required for effective knowledge system and process design.
Visualized Guidelines for IT-Enabled Process Change
Authors: Hoogeweegen Martijn R.
Published: February 2011

Many contributions in the literature of Business Process Change (BPC) address the questions of why and how to conduct IT-enabled BPC projects. A relatively underexposed area, however, is the question of how to formulate an alternative process design. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to support BPC managers in their search for (IT-enabled) alternative process design(s). The support should stem from a set of concretely defined redesign guidelines that are visualized in simple process charts. These visualized guidelines should help BPC managers to recognize their applicability in their own context. The aim of this paper is threefold. First, the literature is reviewed to formulate a number of IT-enabled BPC guidelines. Second, these guidelines are visualized in process charts. Third, a case study is presented to illustrate the applicability of these visualized guidelines.
Positioning in Cyberspace
Authors: Berthon Pierre , Pitt Layland , Ewing Michael , Ramaseshan B. , Jayaratna Nimal
Published: February 2011

The growth of presence in the marketspace of the Web has been exponential, both in general and within specific industries. While the academic literature on the phenomena is still in its infancy, there exists a pressing need to establish methodologies to evaluate and map Web sites within and between industries. With the exception of a few notable papers little or no theoretical, descriptive, or normative research has been conducted into Web site positioning and evaluation. This article goes a little towards addressing this lacuna. Specifically, Web sites from the Telecom Industry are evaluated and mapped using correspondence analysis. The technique of correspondence analysis and the interpretation of the maps produced are described in detail. The implications for management are also discussed.
User Satisfaction with EDI
Authors: Jones Mary C. , Beatty Robert C.
Published: February 2011

This study was undertaken to identify antecedents of user satisfaction with EDI systems by surveying key end users of EDI in a variety of firms across the United States. Although there is much empirical evidence about factors underlying EDI adoption and implementation, there is little information from the perspective of the end user. The vast majority of what we know about EDI success (or failure) is based on the EDI manager’s or IT perspective. However, there is evidence that suggests if users are not satisfied with a system, they will not use it. Thus, a study of user satisfaction with EDI can provide firms seeking to better leverage their EDI investment with a different and useful perspective on factors that underlie EDI. Two findings indicate that the greater the perceived benefits of EDI, the greater the user satisfaction; and the more compatible EDI is with existing organizational practices and systems, the more satisfied the users are with the system. Although EDI managers may have suspected this was true, empirical support of heretofore largely anecdotal evidence has several implications for successfully managing EDI adoption and integration. These implications hold not only for the adopting firm, but also for firms that may require, or are considering requiring, trading partners to implement EDI. Finally, implications for future EDI research are discussed.
Key Issues in IS Management in Norway
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: February 2011

Information systems (IS) departments face many challenges in today’s rapidly changing environment. One approach to understanding these challenges is to survey IS managers to elicit what they consider are key issues. Studies of key IS management issues have been conducted for some years in many nations and regions. However, most of these surveys lack a theoretical basis for the selection of key issues. Furthermore, most studies have used a single-round or a multi-round Delphi method. This paper provides an overview of research approaches to key issues studies combined with key issues results from previous research. The paper presents methodological issues and choices for a survey on key issues in IS management which was conducted in Norway. A three step procedure for key issues selection is introduced, and a Q-sort analysis is adopted. The paper presents results from the Q-sort survey and analysis. The highest ranked key issue in Norway, according to the survey, is concerned with improving links between information systems strategy and business strategy.
The Societal Impact of the World Wide Web
Authors: Burn Janice M. , Loch Karen D.
Published: February 2011

This paper addresses the impact of information technology (IT) and the World Wide Web (WWW) on the 21st Century and the challenges which we will face as responsible members of a dynamically changing society. Reviewing the spread of potentially alienating technology, the paper highlights the implications for change with reference to the “haves” and the “have nots”- developing societies, economically disadvantaged groups, women and children. The authors argue that organisational, sociological and cultural factors may inhibit an effective transformation to a global Information Society. Particular consideration is given to policies, infrastructure, human resources and development responsibilities in developing societies.
An Investigation of Knowledge Management within a University IT Group
Authors: Koch Hope , Paradice David , Chae Bonsug , Guo Yi
Published: February 2011

In today’s competitive global economy characterized by shorter product life cycles, increased employee turnover, and ubiquitous information technologies, an organization’s ability to manage knowledge may be the only remaining source of competitive advantage (Drucker, 1995; 1999). Even though a number of researchers have outlined the importance of adopting knowledge management (KM) practices and many organizations have given lip service to the term, there is still some ambiguity concerning what KM actually is and little attention has been paid to factors that enable effective KM to occur. This research uses technical and human-centric approaches combined with Holsapple and Joshi’s (1998) Kentucky Initiative to investigate KM within a small information technology group. Based on the findings of our case study, we propose some factors that seem to enable effective KM and a modification to Holsapple and Joshi’s architecture of a KM episode.
Breaking the Myths of Rewards
Authors: Bock Gee W. , Kim Young-Gul
Published: February 2011

Many CEOs and managers understand the importance of knowledge sharing among their employees and are eager to introduce the knowledge management paradigm in their organizations. However little is known about the determinants of the individual’s knowledge sharing behavior. The purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the factors affecting the individual’s knowledge sharing behavior in the organizational context. The research model includes various constructs based on social exchange theory, self-efficacy, and theory of reasoned action. Research results from the field survey of 467 employees of four large, public organizations show that expected associations and contribution are the major determinants of the individual’s attitude toward knowledge sharing. Expected rewards, believed by many as the most important motivating factor for knowledge sharing, are not significantly related to the attitude toward knowledge sharing. As expected, positive attitude toward knowledge sharing is found to lead to positive intention to share knowledge and, finally, to actual knowledge sharing behaviors.
An Empirical Investigation of the Influences of the Degree of Interactivity on User-Outcomes in a Multimedia Environment
Authors: Haseman William D. , Nuipolatoglu Vichuda , Ramamurthy K.
Published: February 2011

The study reported here investigates the influence of “interactivity” on the learning outcomes of users in a multimedia systems environment. Drawing from past literature base and based on key tenets of three learning theories–behaviorist, cognitivist, and constructivist–the study first proposes a measurement scheme for “interactivity” and then hypothesizes that “interactivity” would influence the learning outcomes positively in terms of users’ learning achievement and attitude. Three prototypes of a multimedia instructional/training system to represent high, low, and non-interactive modes of use were developed and implemented and the hypothesized influences were investigated using a controlled laboratory research design. Multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) results indicate that while interactivity does not necessarily enable enhanced gain in user learning, it positively influences participants’ attitude. The study finds no support for hypothesized moderating effects of learning styles (measured using Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory scale) on the relationship between interactivity and user outcomes. The results of this study have important implications for both education and corporations’ training efforts and investments. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Evaluate IT Investment Opportunities Using Real Options Theory
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Johnson John D.
Published: February 2011

In this paper, we discuss the real options theory and its applications in IT investment evaluation. We provide a framework within which the appropriateness of using real options theory in strategic IT investment evaluation is systematically justified. In our framework, IT investment opportunities are classified into four categories based on two criteria: the technology switching costs and the nature of competition. We point out that different real options models should be adopted for each category. The electronic brokerage’s investment decision in wireless technology is discussed as a real world case within the framework. Our study also provides some insights about the relationship between technology standardization and IT investment decisions.
Understanding Decision-Making in Data Warehousing and Related Decision Support Systems
Authors: Wells John D. , Hess Traci J.
Published: February 2011

Many businesses have made or are making significant investments in data warehouses that reportedly support a myriad of decision support systems (DSS). Due to the newness of data warehousing and related DSS (DW-DSS), the nature of the decision support provided to DW-DSS users and the related impact on decision performance have not been investigated in an applied setting. An explanatory case study was undertaken at a financial services organization that implemented a particular type of DW-DSS, a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. The DSS-decision performance model has provided some theoretical guidance for this exploration. The case study results show that the decision-making support provided by these systems is limited and that an extended version of the DSS-decision performance model may better describe the factors that influence individual decision-making performance.
Design and Implementation of a Web-Based Collaborative Spatial Decision Support System
Authors: Sikder Iftikhar U. , Gangopadhyay Aryya
Published: February 2011

The development of collaborative spatial decision support systems presents a host of challenges, ranging from technical to societal and institutional. Resource managers and environmental planners often need to understand the effect of the distributed and uncoordinated land management practices of individual decision-makers, which in the long run causes significant environmental impact. In many cases environmental planning requires collaborative decision-making tools where complex interacting agents with conflicting goals need to work without any prior idea of the counterpart. This paper identifies research issues on the design and implementation of a Web-based collaborative spatial decision making in the specific context of distributed environmental planning. We demonstrate a Web-based Spatial Decision Support System GEO-ELCA (Exploratory Land Use Change Assessment) for typical decision-making tasks by urban or municipal planning agencies where resource managers or stakeholders of different interest groups can express their options for future land use changes and assess the resulting hydrological impacts in a collaborative environment.
A Comparison of Implementation Resistance Factors for DMSS Versus Other Information Systems
Authors: Setzekorn Kristina , Sugumaran Vijayan , Patnayakuni Naina
Published: February 2011

Effective decision-making within and across organizations is of strategic importance as the global business environment becomes more complex. Business processes and their related computer based information systems (CBIS) must support integrated decision-making. While decision support systems (DSS), executive information systems (EIS), and knowledge-based systems (KBS) have been independently used to support problem solving and decision making activities, they are still not widely implemented and accepted by a broad spectrum of organizations. Identifying the reasons for the lack of widespread use, as well as integration of these technologies would enable organizations to better design and implement these support systems. Using 41 narratives, we have compared decision-making support systems (DMSS) resistance factors with those of other CBIS to better understand these factors and their impact on DMSS implementation.
User Developed Applications and Information Systems Success
Authors: McGill Tanya , Hobbs Valerie , Klobas Jane
Published: February 2011

DeLone and McLean’s (1992) model of information systems success has received much attention amongst researchers. This study provides the first empirical test of an adaptation of DeLone and McLean’s model in the user-developed application domain. The model tested was only partially supported by the data. Of the nine hypothesized relationships tested, four were found to be significant and the remainder not significant. The model provided strong support for the relationships between perceived system quality and user satisfaction, perceived information quality and user satisfaction, user satisfaction and intended use, and user satisfaction and perceived individual impact. This study indicates that user perceptions of information systems success play a significant role in the user-developed application domain. There was, however, no relationship between user developers’ perceptions of system quality and independent experts’ evaluations, and user ratings of individual impact were not associated with organizational impact measured as company performance in a business simulation. Further research is required to understand the relationship between user perceptions of IS success and objective measures of success, and to provide a model of IS success appropriate to end user development.
Does "Out of Sight" Mean "Out of Mind"? An Empirical Investigation of the Career Advancement Prospects of Telecommuters
Authors: McCloskey Donna W. , Igbaria Magid
Published: February 2011

The fear that telecommuting will have a negative impact on career advancement prospects has been a barrier to telecommuting acceptance. This study sought to examine whether professionals who telecommute on a part-time basis did indeed experience less advancement prospects than their non-telecommuting peers did. The results indicate that this fear is unfounded. Telecommuting did not have a direct effect on career advancement prospects or an indirect effect through job performance evaluations. Additionally, the level of telecommuting participation did not have an impact on career advancement. Employees who telecommuted more frequently did not experience significantly different job performance evaluations or career advancement prospects than those who telecommuted less. The paper concludes with the limitations of this study and directions for future research.