bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serotonin signaling by maternal neurons upon stress ensures progeny survival
Authors: Das Srijit , Ooi Felicia K. , Corchado Johnny Cruz , Fuller Leah C. , Weiner Joshua A. , Prahlad Veena
Published: January 2020

Germ cells are vulnerable to stress. Therefore, how organisms protect their future progeny from damage in a fluctuating environment is a fundamental question in biology. We show that inCaenorhabditis elegans, serotonin released by maternal neurons during stress ensures the viability and stress tolerance of future offspring by enabling the transcription factor HSF1 to alter chromatin in soon-to-be fertilized germ cells by recruiting the histone chaperone FACT, displacing histones, and initiating protective gene expression. Without maternal serotonin signaling by neurons, FACT is not recruited by HSF1 in germ cells, transcription occurs but is delayed, and progeny of stressedC. elegansmothers fail to complete development. Serotonin acts through a signal transduction pathway conserved betweenC. elegansand mammalian cells to facilitate HSF1 to recruit FACT. These studies uncover a novel mechanism by which stress sensing by neurons is coupled to transcription response times of germ cells to protect future offspring.
Poor Quality Vβ Recombination Signal Sequences Enforce TCRβ Allelic Exclusion by Limiting the Frequency of Vβ Recombination
Authors: Wu Glendon S. , Yang-Iott Katherine S. , Reed Morgann A. , Hayer Katharina E. , Lee Kyutae D. , Bassing Craig H.
Published: January 2020

Monoallelic expression (allelic exclusion) of T and B lymphocyte antigen receptor genes is achieved by the assembly of a functional gene through V(D)J recombination on one allele and subsequent feedback inhibition of recombination on the other allele. There has been no validated mechanism for how only one allele of any antigen receptor locus assembles a functional gene prior to feedback inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that replacement of a single Vβ recombination signal sequence (RSS) with a better RSS increases Vβ rearrangement, revealsTcrballeles compete for utilization in the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and elevates the fraction of αβ T cells expressing TCRβ protein from both alleles. The data indicate that poor qualities of Vβ RSSs for recombination with Dβ and Jβ RSSs enforces allelic exclusion by stochastically limiting the incidence of functional Vβ rearrangements on both alleles before feedback inhibition terminates Vβ recombination.
Identification of novel, clinically correlated autoantigens in the monogenic autoimmune syndrome APS1 by PhIP-Seq
Authors: Vazquez Sara E. , Ferré Elise M. N. , Scheel David W. , Sunshine Sara , Miao Brenda , Mandel-Brehm Caleigh , Quandt Zoe , Chan Alice Y. , Cheng Mickie , German Michael S. , Lionakis Michail S. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Anderson Mark S.
Published: January 2020

The identification of autoantigens remains a critical challenge for understanding and treating autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1), a rare monogenic form of autoimmunity, presents as widespread autoimmunity with T and B cell responses to multiple organs. Importantly, autoantibody discovery in APS1 can illuminate fundamental disease pathogenesis, and many of the antigens found in APS1 extend to common autoimmune diseases. Here, we performed proteome-wide programmable phage-display (PhIP-Seq) on sera from an APS1 cohort and discovered multiple common antibody targets. These novel autoantigens exhibit tissue-restricted expression, including expression in enteroendocrine cells and dental enamel. Using detailed clinical phenotyping, we find novel associations between autoantibodies and organ-restricted autoimmunity, including between anti-KHDC3L autoantibodies and premature ovarian insufficiency, and between anti-RFX6 autoantibodies and diarrheal-type intestinal dysfunction. Our study highlights the utility of PhIP-Seq for interrogating antigenic repertoires in human autoimmunity and the importance of antigen discovery for improved understanding of disease mechanisms.
Lipid Sponge Droplets as Programmable Synthetic Organelles
Authors: Bhattacharya Ahanjit , Niederholtmeyer Henrike , Podolsky Kira A. , Bhattacharya Rupak , Song Jing-Jin , Brea Roberto J. , Tsai Chu-Hsien , Sinha Sunil K. , Devaraj Neal K.
Published: January 2020

Living cells segregate molecules and reactions in various subcellular compartments known as organelles. Spatial organization is likely essential for expanding the biochemical functions of synthetic reaction systems, including artificial cells. Many studies have attempted to mimic organelle functions using lamellar membrane-bound vesicles. However, vesicles typically suffer from highly limited transport across the membranes and an inability to mimic the dense membrane networks typically found in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we describe programmable synthetic organelles based on highly stable nonlamellar sponge phase droplets that spontaneously assemble from a single-chain galactolipid and non-ionic detergents. Due to their nanoporous structure, lipid sponge droplets readily exchange materials with the surrounding environment. In addition, the sponge phase contains a dense network of lipid bilayers and nanometric aqueous channels, which allows different classes of molecules to partition based on their size, polarity, and specific binding motifs. The sequestration of biologically relevant macromolecules can be programmed by the addition of suitably functionalized amphiphiles to the droplets. We demonstrate that droplets can harbor functional soluble and transmembrane proteins, allowing for the co-localization and concentration of enzymes and substrates to enhance reaction rates. Droplets protect bound proteins from proteases, and these interactions can be engineered to be reversible and optically controlled. Our results show that lipid sponge droplets permit the facile integration of membrane-rich environments and self-assembling spatial organization with biochemical reaction systems.

Significance statement

Organelles spatially and temporally orchestrate biochemical reactions in a cell to a degree of precision that is still unattainable in synthetic reaction systems. Additionally, organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contain highly interconnected and dense membrane networks that provide large reaction spaces for both transmembrane and soluble enzymes. We present lipid sponge droplets to emulate the functions of organelles such as the ER. We demonstrate that lipid sponge droplets can be programmed to internally concentrate specific proteins, host and accelerate biochemical transformations, and to rapidly and reversibly sequester and release proteins to control enzymatic reactions. The self-assembled and programmable nature of lipid sponge droplets will facilitate the integration of complex functions for bottom up synthetic biology.
Crystal structure of a tripeptide biphenyl hybrid C50H56N6O10·0.5H2O
Authors: Le Thuy Quynh , Nguyen Xuan Tu , Nguyen Hung Huy , Mac Dinh Hung , Bui Thai Thanh Thu
Published: January 2020

A peptide biphenyl hybrid compound {systematic name: dimethyl 2,2′-[((2S,2′S)-2,2′-{[(2S,2′S)-1,1′-([1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarbonyl)bis(pyrrolidine-1,2-diyl-2-carbonyl)]bis(azanediyl)}bis(3-phenylpropanoyl))bis(azanediyl)](2S,2′S)-dipropionate hemihydrate}, C50H56N6O10·0.5H2O, was prepared by coupling of [1,1′-biphenyl]-2,2′-dicarbonyl dichloride, triethylamine and the tripeptide Pro–Phe–Ala in CH2Cl2 at 273 K under an N2 atmosphere. In the crystal, the asymmetric unit contains the peptide biphenyl hybrid accompanied by one-half of a water molecule. A C atom of one of the proline rings is disordered between two positions in a 0.746 (11):0.254 (11) ratio. An important structural aspect of peptide compounds is their capacity to self-associate mediated by intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. This characteristic can be useful in understanding the interactions between peptides and biomacromolecular targets, as well as to explain peptide properties.
Caste at work: study of factors influencing attitudes toward affirmative action in India
Authors: Prasad Ambika , O’Brien Laurie T. , E. Smith Sockbeson Caitlin
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relevance of caste identity in applied settings. The authors do this within the larger framework of affirmative action programs (AAPs) or “reservations” in India. The paper explores the interplay of a primordial identity like caste with the modern institutions representing equality – a context unique to India.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reports the findings of two experimental studies collecting data using Mechanical Turk.

Findings

The first study finds that an individual hired under the AAP is perceived poorly on his/her competence and reward worthiness. The second study finds support for the influence of an individual’s conception of modern casteism and his/her caste identity as factors in shaping attitudes toward AAP.

Research limitations/implications

The paper lays the groundwork but does not explore the contours of casteism in contemporary India. Understanding of this construct as well as the impact of factors as region, education, urbanization, religion, nature of employment, etc. on caste dynamics should be considered by future research.

Practical implications

The paper uncovers some similarities between Indian and Western findings, but it also demonstrates key differences between findings related to race-based AAPs in the West and the caste-based AAP in India. This understanding will guide discourses on diversity management in under-researched countries like India. The findings can sensitize organizations to the need for addressing unconscious biases related to caste.

Social implications

The paper underscores the continuing relevance of caste in modern India and the negative perceptions of lower castes. The paper finds that individuals with an appreciation of the subtle forms of casteism are sympathetic to programs that promote social equality. In modern social contexts this nuanced operationalization of casteism can be a relevant indicator of caste dynamics.

Originality/value

This is the first empirical study to examine caste-based AAP in India in an applied study and unpacks the psychological underpinnings of the attitudes toward AAP.
Local institutions and indigenous knowledge in adoption and scaling of climate-smart agricultural innovations among sub-Saharan smallholder farmers
Authors: Makate Clifton
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to discuss how enhancing the role of local institutions (LI) and incorporating indigenous knowledge (IK) in climate change adaptation planning can improve adoption and scaling success of climate-smart agriculture innovations.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of relevant literature from sub-Saharan Africa was used to answer the study research questions.

Findings

Embracing IK and LI in climate change adaptation projects can enhance adoption and scaling success of climate-smart agriculture innovations in smallholder farming. Such efforts will improve: information gathering and dissemination, mobilization of resources, establishment of useful networks with relevant stakeholders, capacity building farmers on various fronts and provision of leadership in climate adaptation programs.

Practical implications

Fully embracing IK and LI can improve the scaling of climate-smart innovations only if development partners recognize IK systems that are to be transformed and build on them instead of trying to replace them. Also, participatory approaches in scaling innovations will enhance input from rural people in climate change adaptation programs.

Originality/value

Development interventions aimed at taking proven effective climate-smart innovations to scale must, therefore, engage local communities and their indigenous institutions as active stakeholders in designing, planning and implementation of their climate adaptation programs.
The role of health locus of control in value co-creation for standardized screening services
Authors: Davey Janet , Herbst Judith , Johns Raechel , Parkinson Joy , Russell-Bennett Rebekah , Zainuddin Nadia
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Despite the availability and accessibility of standardized screening services, such as preventative health services, many individuals avoid participation. The extant health literature has indicated that health locus of control (HLOC) influences engagement and uptake of health services. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the microfoundation, HLOC, contributes to value co-creation via service-generated and self-generated activities in standardized screening services.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative study of 25 consumers who have experienced one of the three standardized screening services in Australia was undertaken, followed by thematic analysis of the data.

Findings

Service-generated activities elicit reactive responses from consumers – compliance and relinquishing control – but when customers lead co-creation activities, their active responses emphasize protecting self and others, understanding relationship needs and gaining control. Consumers with high internal HLOC are more likely to take initiative for their health, take active control of the process and feel empowered through participating. Consumers with low internal HLOC, in contrast, require more motivation for participation, including encouragement from powerful others through promotion or interpersonal dialogue.

Social implications

These findings can be used by policymakers and providers of preventative health services for the betterment of citizen health.

Originality/value

The integration of the DART framework, customer value co-creation activities, and the delineation of self-generated and service-generated activities provides a holistic framework to understand the influence of HLOC on the co-creation of value in standardized screening services.
International assignments, human capital resources and MNC subsidiary performance in CEE countries
Authors: Zaharie Monica , Poór József , Ratiu Patricia , Osoian Codruta
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Multinational companies (MNCs) expect the highest return from their locally dispersed units, and thus the factors that impact the success of the subsidiaries have been of great interest to the literature. Building on the resource-based view, this paper aims to explore the effects of a set of contextual resources, in particular, the international staffing (expatriate and inpatriate assignments) and human capital resources on the performance of foreign-owned subsidiaries in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries.

Design/methodology/approach

By means of a survey applied on 295 MNC subsidiaries from five CEE countries (Hungary, Romania, Poland, Serbia and the Czech Republic), the paper reveals the main relationships between contextual subsidiary level resources (the in-coming and out-going international assignments, human capital resources at both employee and management level and the human resource knowledge transfer) and the subsidiary performance.

Findings

This paper brings empirical support for the positive relationship between the MNCs’ contextual resources, in particular, the inpatriate assignments, the human capital resources and the performance of the locally dispersed subsidiaries. The findings show an interaction effect between the inpatriate and the expatriate assignments on the performance of the subsidiaries. The empirical results bring an insight into the understanding of the added value that the out-going inpatriate assignments and the human capital resources have for the global businesses.

Research limitations/implications

This paper is empirical in nature and calls for further exploration of the topic on larger random MNC samples. The findings of this paper have the potential to improve how the management of the global businesses leverages the inpatriate assignments and human capital resources, thus leading to more value-added to stakeholders.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper stems from the implementation of the empirical survey in the dynamic but under-researched context of the CEE region. Thus, the findings reveal valuable input about the contribution of the human capital resources at the subsidiary level for the performance of the locally dispersed MNC units in five European developing countries.
Global effects of land use on biodiversity differ among functional groups
Authors: Newbold Tim , Bentley Laura F. , Hill Samantha L. L. , Edgar Melanie J. , Horton Matthew , Su Geoffrey , Şekercioğlu Çağan H. , Collen Ben , Purvis Andy
Published: January 2020

Human land use has caused substantial declines in global species richness. Evidence from different taxonomic groups and geographic regions suggests that land use does not equally impact all organisms within terrestrial ecological communities, and that different functional groups of species may respond differently. In particular, we expect large carnivores to decline more in disturbed land uses than other animal groups.

We present the first global synthesis of responses to land use across functional groups using data from a wide set of animal species, including herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, fungivores and detritivores; and ranging in body mass from 2 × 10−6 g (an oribatid mite) to 3,825 kg (the African elephant).

We show that the abundance of large endotherms, small ectotherms, carnivores and fungivores (although in the last case, not significantly) are reduced disproportionately in human land uses compared with the abundance of other functional groups.

The results, suggesting that certain functional groups are consistently favoured over others in land used by humans, imply a substantial restructuring of ecological communities. Given that different functional groups make unique contributions to ecological processes, it is likely that there will be substantial impacts on the functioning of ecosystems.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Exploring movement decisions: Can Bayesian movement‐state models explain crop consumption behaviour in elephants (Loxodonta africana)?
Authors: Vogel Susanne Marieke , Lambert Ben , Songhurst Anna Catherine , McCulloch Graham Paul , Stronza Amanda Lee , Coulson Tim
Published: January 2020

Animal movements towards goals or targets are based upon either maximization of resource acquisition or risk avoidance, and the way animals move can reveal information about their motivation.

We use hidden Markov models (HMMs) fitted in a Bayesian framework and hourly Global Positioning System fixes to distinguish animal movements into distinct states and analyse the influence of environmental variables on being in, and switching to, a particular state. Specifically, we apply our models to understand elephant movement decisions around agricultural fields, and crop consumption. As it is unclear what the role of habitat features are on this complex process, we analyse whether elephants target agricultural crops for consumption, or simply pass through them in search of water.

Our HMMs separate elephant movements into two states: exploratory movements that are fast and directional, and encamped movements that are slow and meandering. For each elephant, we ran 16 models with each possible combination of selected habitat features (river, elephant corridor, agricultural field, trees), and repeated these analyses including interaction effects with both season and time of day. We used cross‐validation to select the best model.

In corridors, exploratory movements are dominant. Elephants mainly showed encamped movements at the river during the dry season, when temporary water sources have dried out and elephants relied on this permanent water source. In fields, males most often exhibited exploratory movements to and from the river, while females showed an increase in the frequency of encamped behaviour during the dry season and at night—the times when most crop consumption and movements through fields occur.

Adaptation to risk could explain this behaviour, since foraging in fields is likely less risky under the cover of darkness and during the dry season when farmers are absent. This sex segregation in elephant movement decisions highlights the importance of predation risk in shaping movement patterns, which can result in sex segregation in responses to mitigation methods. The increase in encamped movements in the dry season suggests the importance of agricultural timing, and shows the potential for early ploughing and early‐harvest crop types in order to reduce elephant crop consumption. Taking this into account could increase efficiency of elephant crop consumption mitigation.
Metformin plus megestrol acetate compared with megestrol acetate alone as fertility‐sparing treatment in patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and well‐differentiated endometrial cancer: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yang B‐Y , Gulinazi Y , Du Y , Ning C‐C , Cheng Y‐L , Shan W‐W , Luo X‐Z , Zhang H‐W , Zhu Q , Ma F‐H , Liu J , Sun L , Yu M , Guan J , Chen X‐J
Published: January 2020

Objective

To assess the efficacy of metformin in megestrol acetate (MA)‐based fertility‐sparing treatment for patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC).

Design

A randomised, single‐centre, open‐label, controlled trial conducted between October 2013 and December 2017.

Setting

Shanghai OBGYN Hospital of Fudan University, China.

Population

A total of 150 patients (18–45 years old) with primary AEH or well‐differentiated EEC were randomised into an MA group (n = 74) and an MA plus metformin group (n = 76).

Methods

Patients with AEH or EEC were firstly stratified, then randomised to receive MA (160 mg orally, daily) or MA (160 mg orally, daily) plus metformin (500 mg orally, three times a day).

Main outcomes and measures

The primary efficacy parameter was the cumulate complete response (CR) rate within 16 weeks of treatment (16w‐CR rate); the secondary efficacy parameters were 30w‐CR rate and adverse events.

Results

The 16w‐CR rate was higher in the metformin plus MA group than in the MA‐only group (34.3 versus 20.7%, odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–4.51, P = 0.09) but the difference was more significant in 102 AEH patients (39.6 versus 20.4%, OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.06–6.21, P = 0.04). This effect of metformin was also significant in non‐obese (51.4 versus 24.3%, OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.22–8.84, P = 0.02) and insulin‐sensitive (54.8 versus 28.6%, OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.03–8.97, P = 0.04) subgroups of AEH women. No significant result was found in secondary endpoints.

Conclusion

As a fertility‐sparing treatment, metformin plus MA was associated with a higher early CR rate compared with MA alone in AEH patients.

Tweetable abstract

For AEH patients, metformin plus MA might be a better fertility‐sparing treatment to achieve a higher early CR rate compared with MA alone.
Artifacts Caused by Leaf‐Cutting Ants of the Genus Atta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Postmortem Bite Injuries and the Tearing of Clothes
Authors: de Souza Alexandre Ariel da Fonseca , de Rosa Cássio Thyone Almeida , Arantes Luciano Chaves , Pujol‐Luz José Roberto
Published: January 2020

Ants are one of the first insects to find an exposed cadaver and can be present during all stages of decomposition. Although these organisms are not commonly used in postmortem interval estimates, they are to be taken into account on criminal investigations involving human corpses, since they can leave bite marks that can be mistaken for antemortem or perimortem injuries, which could be misleading when ascertaining the occurrence of abuse or physical altercation during a crime. A few studies report the action of ants on human cadavers and even though leaf‐cutting ants of the genus Atta are frequently encountered in succession studies that use animal carcasses, there are no records of these fungus‐growing species on human corpses. Atta is a genus restricted to the New World, ranging from northern Argentina to southern United States and acts as one of the most conspicuous neotropical herbivores. In this study, we report three cases of violent death that illustrate the impact of ants, especially those of the genus Atta, in a forensic setting. We compare the patterns displayed by postmortem bite injuries caused by leaf‐cutter ants and other common species with less robust mandibles. We also present the capability of Atta ants to create artifacts by cutting victim’s clothes in a crime scene, contributing to the knowledge of ant‐mediated confounding factors in crime scene investigation.
Criminal Recidivism After Forensic Psychiatric Treatment. A Multicenter Study on the Role of Pretreatment, Treatment‐Related, and Follow‐Up Variables
Authors: Probst Thomas , Bezzel Adelheid , Hochstadt Michaela , Pieh Christoph , Mache Wolfgang
Published: January 2020

This study examined associations between criminal recidivism after discharge from forensic treatment and variables related to either the time before the current forensic treatment, or the current forensic treatment, or the follow‐up after discharge. Participants were treated in 12 forensic clinics according to section 63 of the German penal code. A patient was classified as a criminal recidivist when the patient or the aftercare reported that the patient was delinquent at follow‐up. Patients without criminal recidivism were patients for which both perspectives (patient and aftercare) reported no delinquency at follow‐up. Mann–Whitney U‐tests and Fisher's exact tests were performed. Data to classify patients were available for N = 249 patients. Fifteen patients (6%) were classified as criminal recidivists. The follow‐up was M = 12.58 (SD = 1.84) months, and the criminal acts occurred M = 6.00 (SD = 5.55) months after discharge. Differences between patients with and without criminal recidivism were found in pretreatment (young age at first crime, early onset of mental disorder, previous forensic treatments), treatment‐related (disorder due to psychoactive substance use, gradual release abuses, outbreaks, assaults against staff, criminal act during treatment, type of discharge, outcome ratings), as well as follow‐up variables (no specified housing situation, not being abstinent from psychoactive substances, inpatient readmission, course of outpatient treatment, course of mental disorder) (all p < 0.05). To conclude, it is important to consider variables related to the time before the current treatment, treatment‐related variables, and variables related to the follow‐up to identify the patients at risk of criminal recidivism after discharge from forensic treatment.
Clinician‐led design for optimising flow: Seizing the opportunity for a new‐build Australian Emergency Department
Authors: Keogh Sean
Published: January 2020

A new ED build creates a unique opportunity to improve the way we provide clinical care. Often, the focus is primarily on increasing clinical cubicle numbers but this may have a negligible, or even negative impact on care delivery. Instead, Australian EDs should examine the entire patient journey to inform design, reviewing outdated triage and registration models and maximising physical capacity by introducing advanced split‐flow models that optimise clinical space and provide high‐risk patients faster access to clinical care. Efficient ED patient flow is critical for success and is closely linked with departmental design, but too often this design process is delegated to architects with limited knowledge of ED function and with limited input from emergency clinicians. This relationship between clinicians and architects should remain collaborative but requires re‐alignment. Independent, expert ED‐specific designers can empower and provide valuable support for clinician‐led design teams in their interactions with architects.
Volatile composition of prickly pear fruit pulp from six Spanish cultivars
Authors: Andreu‐Coll Lucía , Noguera‐Artiaga Luis , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A. , Legua Pilar , Hernández Francisca
Published: January 2020

This research analyzed the volatile composition of the fruits pulp of six prickly pear cultivars (NT, NE, NO, NA, FR, and ORI) growing in Spain, by headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography (GC‐MS and GC‐FID). A total of 35 compounds were isolated, identified, and quantified, with aldehydes, alcohols, and terpenes being the predominant chemical families, and esters, ketones, linear hydrocarbons, and terpenoids being also found. Nonanol, 2,6‐nonadienal, 1‐hexanol, 2‐hexenal, and D‐limonene were the predominant compounds. NT and FR cultivars showed the highest concentration of total volatile compounds. On the other hand, NE and NO cultivars presented the lowest concentration. Future studies on sensory evaluation are required to determine the sensory quality of the fruits of these Spanish cultivars.
Three‐Dimensional Structural Modelling and Source Rock Evaluation of the Quseir Formation in the Komombo Basin, Egypt
Authors: ALI Moamen
Published: January 2020

The Quseir Formation consists mainly of dark gray mudstones with a high organic matter content and excellent hydrocarbon‐generating potential. The main objectives of this study are to highlight the dominant structural elements in the Komombo Basin, Egypt, and evaluate the geochemical characteristics of the Quseir Formation. Depth maps and a 3D structural model indicate two normal fault trends NW–SE and ENE–WSW. The NW–SE trend is the dominant one that created the primary half‐graben system. The depth to the top of the Quseir Formation gradually decreases from the eastern and central parts towards the corners of the basin. The thickness of the Quseir Formation ranges from about 300 to 1000 ft. The 3D facies model shows that the shale has a large probability distribution in the study area, compared with the sandstone and siltstone. The source rock potential varies between good in the western part to very good in the eastern part of the basin. The organic‐rich interval is dominated by gas‐prone kerogen type III based on TOC and Rock‐Eval. The pyrolysis data vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) (0.5–0.74%) and Tmax values (406–454C°) suggest a maturity level that ranges from immature to early maturity stage for hydrocarbon generation.
Dynamics of genomic architecture during composite breed development in cattle
Authors: Paim T. do P. , Hay E. H. A. , Wilson C. , Thomas M. G. , Kuehn L. A. , Paiva S. R. , McManus C. , Blackburn H. D.
Published: January 2020

Some livestock breeds face the challenge of reduced genetic variation, increased inbreeding depression owing to genetic drift and selection. Hybridization can reverse these processes and increase levels of productivity and adaptation to various environmental stressors. Samples from American Brangus were used to evaluate the indicine/taurine composition through nine generations (~45 years) after the hybridization process was completed. The purpose was to determine how hybridization alters allelic combinations of a breed over time when genetic factors such as selection and drift are operating. Furthermore, we explored genomic regions with deviations from the expected composition from the progenitor breeds and related these regions to traits under selection. The Brangus composition deviated from the theoretical expectation, defined by the breed association, of 62.5% taurine, showing taurine composition to be 70.4 ± 0.6%. Taurine and indicine proportion were not consistent across chromosomes. Furthermore, these non‐uniform areas were found to be associated with traits that were probably under selection such as intermuscular fat and average daily gain. Interestingly, the sex chromosomes were predominantly taurine, which could be due to the composite being formed particularly in the final cross that resulted in progeny designated as purebred Brangus. This work demonstrated the process of new breed formation on a genomic level. It suggests that factors like genetic drift, selection and complementarity shift the genetic architecture into a uniquely different population. These findings are important to better understand how hybridization and crossbreeding systems shape the genetic architecture of composite populations.
Assessing patients decision‐making capacity in the hospital setting: A literature review
Authors: John Shibu , Rowley Joanne , Bartlett Kerry
Published: January 2020

Objective

Decision‐making capacity assessments for hospital settings are challenging as it is dominated by the ethical and legal principles of maintaining autonomy and protection. Health clinicians, especially in rural areas, are challenged with a lack of a standardised processes and pathways for decision‐making capacity assessment. A literature review was conducted to determine what measurement tools clinicians are utilising in the hospital setting for decision‐making capacity assessment and how decisions relating to consent to treatment, independent living and finances are made.

Design

Literature review.

Method

A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases from January 2006 to April 2019 was conducted for peer‐reviewed articles to determine how decision‐making capacity assessments are conducted and the tools clinicians are utilising in the hospital setting.

Results

Five main themes were identified from this review: (a) domains of capacity; (b) capacity assessment; (c) capacity assessment instruments; (d) who performs capacity assessment; and (e) challenges and limitations to capacity assessment in the hospital setting. Currently, there is no gold standard for capacity assessment.

Conclusion

This review shows that there is currently a lack of a uniform approach or a singular test to determine capacity. It is proposed that a multidisciplinary approach to decision‐making capacity assessment could be an effective model in the hospital setting, especially in rural health due to limited access to aged care specialists. It is important that clinicians receive ongoing training in decision‐making capacity assessment and further research is recommended in this specialised area of practice.
Liposomal simvastatin sensitizes C26 murine colon carcinoma to the antitumor effects of liposomal 5‐fluorouracil in vivo
Authors: Luput Lavinia , Sesarman Alina , Porfire Alina , Achim Marcela , Muntean Dana , Casian Tibor , Patras Laura , Rauca Valentin Florian , Drotar Denise Minerva , Stejerean Ioana , Tomuta Ioan , Vlase Laurian , Dragos Nicolae , Toma Vlad Alexandru , Licarete Emilia , Banciu Manuela
Published: January 2020

5‐Fluorouracil‐based therapy remains the main approach in colorectal cancer, even though there are still some drawbacks, such as chemoresistance. In this study we combined 5‐fluorouracil encapsulated in long‐circulating liposomes with simvastatin, also encapsulated in long‐circulating liposomes, that was previously proved to exert antitumor actions on the same tumor model. The production of angiogenic/inflammatory proteins was assessed by protein array and the production of markers for tumor aggressiveness (Bcl‐2, Bax, and nuclear factor [NF]‐κB) were determined by western blot analysis. Intratumor oxidative stress was evaluated through measurement of malondialdehyde level by HPLC, and through spectrophotometric analysis of catalytic activity of catalase and of total antioxidant capacity. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors for CD31 expression was assessed. Intratumor activity of MMP‐2 by gelatin zymography was also carried out. Our results revealed that combined therapies based on liposomal formulations exerted enhanced antitumor activities compared with combined treatment with free drugs. Sequential treatment with liposomal simvastatin and liposomal 5‐fluorouracil showed the strongest antitumor activity in C26 colon carcinoma in vivo, mainly through inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Important markers for cancer progression (Bcl‐2, Bax, NF‐κB, and intratumor antioxidants) showed that liposomal simvastatin might sensitize C26 cells to liposomal 5‐fluorouracil treatment in both regimens tested. The outcome of simultaneous treatment with liposomal formulations was superior to sequential treatment with both liposomal types as the invasive capacity of C26 tumors was strongly increased after the latest treatment. The antitumor efficacy of combined therapy in C26 colon carcinoma might be linked to the restorative effects on proteins balance involved in tumor angiogenesis.
Children’s Home Numeracy Environment Predicts Growth of their Early Mathematical Skills in Kindergarten
Authors: Susperreguy María Inés , Di Lonardo Burr Sabrina , Xu Chang , Douglas Heather , LeFevre Jo‐Anne
Published: January 2020

This study investigated the longitudinal associations between children’s early mathematics and their home numeracy environment (HNE). Chilean children from families who varied widely in socioeconomic status were assessed at the beginning and end of prekindergarten in 2016 (N = 419, Mage = 4:7 [years:months]), and at the end of kindergarten in 2017 (N = 368, Mage = 5:10). Children whose parents provided frequent operational numeracy activities (e.g., learning simple sums) at prekindergarten showed better arithmetic performance and growth in nonsymbolic and symbolic number comparison at the end of kindergarten. Parents’ knowledge of number‐related games predicted children’s arithmetic skills and growth in nonsymbolic number comparison. These findings underscore the persistent relations between the HNE and the development of children’s mathematical skills.
Suicidal behaviour in transition‐aged youth with out‐of‐home care experience: Reviewing risk, assessment, and intervention
Authors: Katz Colleen C. , Busby Danielle , McCabe Chelsey
Published: January 2020

The rates of suicidal behaviours in youth with out‐of‐home care experience, particularly those who are on the verge of emancipation, appear to be alarmingly high. The purpose of the current study is to highlight the rates of suicidal ideation and behaviour in these youth, illuminating the empirical risk factors that may increase their vulnerability. We offer a review of screening measures and suicide interventions that may hold promise for administrators, practitioners, and researchers who wish to provide comprehensive assessment for transition‐aged youth with out‐of‐home care experiences and effectively treat those who may be at the highest risk.
Jumonji domain‐containing protein 6 protein and its role in cancer
Authors: Yang Jing , Chen Siyuan , Yang Yanfei , Ma Xuelei , Shao Bin , Yang Shengyong , Wei Yuquan , Wei Xiawei
Published: January 2020

The jumonji domain‐containing protein 6 (JMJD6) is a Fe(II)‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate (2OG)‐dependent oxygenase that catalyses lysine hydroxylation and arginine demethylation of histone and non‐histone peptides. Recently, the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of JMJD6 has also been reported. The JMJD6 has been implicated in embryonic development, cellular proliferation and migration, self‐tolerance induction in the thymus, and adipocyte differentiation. Not surprisingly, abnormal expression of JMJD6 may contribute to the development of many diseases, such as neuropathic pain, foot‐and‐mouth disease, gestational diabetes mellitus, hepatitis C and various types of cancer. In the present review, we summarized the structure and functions of JMJD6, with particular emphasis on the role of JMJD6 in cancer progression.
Global research priorities for youth mental health
Authors: Mei Cristina , Fitzsimons Joanna , Allen Nicholas , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario , Amminger Günter Paul , Browne Vivienne , Cannon Mary , Davis Maryann , Dooley Barbara , Hickie Ian B. , Iyer Srividya , Killackey Eóin , Malla Ashok , Manion Ian , Mathias Steve , Pennell Kerryn , Purcell Rosemary , Rickwood Debra , Singh Swaran P. , Wood Stephen J. , Yung Alison , McGorry Patrick D.
Published: January 2020

Aim

Over the past two decades, the youth mental health field has expanded and advanced considerably. Yet, mental disorders continue to disproportionately affect adolescents and young adults. Their prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality in young people have not substantially reduced, with high levels of unmet need and poor access to evidence‐based treatments even in high‐income countries. Despite the potential return on investment, youth mental disorders receive insufficient funding. Motivated by these continual disparities, we propose a strategic agenda for youth mental health research.

Method

Youth mental health experts and funders convened to develop youth mental health research priorities, via thematic roundtable discussions, that address critical evidence‐based gaps.

Results

Twenty‐one global youth mental health research priorities were developed, including population health, neuroscience, clinical staging, novel interventions, technology, socio‐cultural factors, service delivery, translation and implementation.

Conclusions

These priorities will focus attention on, and provide a basis for, a systematic and collaborative strategy to globally improve youth mental health outcomes.
Serological hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity in patients with HBV infection and B‐cell non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Wuchter Patrick , Egerer Gerlinde , Kriegsmann Mark , Kommoss Felix K. F. , Witzens‐Harig Mathias , Kriegsmann Katharina
Published: January 2020

Background

Previous epidemiological studies suggest an association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL). The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical characteristics and serological indicators of HBV activity in patients who were diagnosed with both HBV infection and indolent or aggressive B‐NHL.

Methods

Seventy‐two patients with current or resolved HBV infection and B‐NHL were identified between 2000 and 2017 at our institution.

Results

Forty‐five (63%) and 27 (37%) patients were identified with aggressive and indolent B‐NHL, respectively. In indolent B‐NHL, the proportion of HBsAg‐positive patients was significantly higher compared with aggressive B‐NHL (59% vs 38%, P = .03). HBV‐DNA levels were significantly higher in patients with indolent compared to aggressive B‐NHL (P = .01). In the subgroup analyzes of follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the rate of HBsAg positivity in FL is significantly higher than that in DLBCL (83% vs 44%, P = .04), and HBV‐DNA levels were significantly higher in FL compared with DLBCL (P = .007).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that serological HBV activity is higher in patients with both HBV infection and indolent B‐NHL compared to those with aggressive B‐NHL.
Designing Proportional Integral Controller for a Solar Powered DC‐DC Converter Using PIPSO Algorithm and Deep Learning approach in Intelligent Bio‐Medical Applications
Authors: Rajarajacholan S. , Moses M. Balasingh , Barsanabanu J.
Published: January 2020

Numerous engineering complexities are simplified using optimization algorithms. In a solar power system, the necessity of the voltage regulator is obvious. To control the regulator existent research works used PI, PID controllers that might have an unwanted transient response. To overcome such drawbacks here, a fresh scheme is proposed for the designing of the adaptive sliding mode (SM) controller of a solar powered LUO converter using optimization algorithms. The PSO (‘Particle Swarm Optimization') is proved to expedite the convergence characteristic for many applications. Here, an ameliorated PSO version is developed. This algorithm is termed the Parameter Improved‐PSO (PIPSO) algorithm. In this algorithm, the parameters, say, inertia weight, social along with cognitive agents is updated in every generation. The Proportional Integrator (PI) controller is used. The gain of this controller is tuned using the PIPSO. This algorithm's objective function is to lessen ISE (‘Integral Squared Error’) of the converter's output voltage. This parameter is picked as the objective function of the optimization algorithm. The proposed PIPSO is established to show better outcomes when contrasted to the traditional PSO concerning tuning a collection of parameters. An analysis is also made to evaluate the effect of usage of the solar panel () in the proposed work.
A combination of pyridine‐2, 4‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol stabilizes hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha and improves hair density in female volunteers
Authors: Juchaux F. , Sellathurai T. , Perrault V. , Boirre F. , Delannoy P. , Bakkar K. , Albaud J. , Gueniche A. , Cheniti A. , Dal Belo S. , Souverain L. , Le Balch M. , Commo S. , Thibaut S. , Michelet J.F.
Published: January 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was first to demonstrate that a combination of pyridine‐2, 4‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol could synergizein vitroon biological pathways associated with hair growth and then to demonstrate the benefit on hair density in a clinical study.

Methods

The effects of pyridine‐2, 4‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol directly on the hypoxic inducible factor‐1α protein (HIF‐1α) and related genes expression were demonstrated on keratinocytes in culturein vitrousing western‐blot analysis and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The effect of resveratrol against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment was studied in hair follicle and hair matrix cellsin vitrousing the sensitive probe Dichloro‐dihydro‐fluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA). Finally, a randomized clinical study on hair density was conducted on 79 Caucasian female subjects to assess the effect of this combination of actives.

Results

Pyridine‐2, 4‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol stabilized HIF‐1a protein and increased the expression of HIF‐1α target genes. Resveratrol significantly reduced the oxygen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress generated in hair follicle and hair matrix cells. The clinical study showed that a topical treatment with the combination significantly increased the hair density on women from 1.5 months.

Conclusion

In addition to the antioxidant properties of resveratrol, the association of pyridine‐2, 4‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and resveratrol revealed a synergistic effect on the HIF‐1α pathway. The results of the clinical study confirmed the importance of such a combination to increase the hair density.
The Role of Digital Communities in Organizing Gig Workers
Authors: Maffie Michael David
Published: January 2020

Using survey data from 450 ridehail drivers, this article examines how social networking sites (SNS) influence workers’ views on union instrumentality and unionization. This article finds that more frequent interaction with other workers in online communities is associated with improved views of union instrumentality and interest in joining a ridehail drivers' association. These findings link together the fields of information sciences and industrial relations and suggest a new institutional actor in modern industrial systems, the online worker network.