bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cardiac output – cerebral blood flow relation is abnormal in most ME/CFS patients with a normal heart rate and blood pressure response during a tilt test
Authors: van Campen C. (Linda) M.C. , Verheugt Freek W.A. , Rowe Peter C. , Visser Frans C.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Orthostatic intolerance is highly prevalent in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and is caused by an abnormal reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF). In healthy controls (HC) regulation of CBF is complex and involves multiple mechanisms including cardiac output (CO), cerebral perfusion pressure, PO2and PCO2, flow-metabolism coupling, and innervation of cerebral vessels. In ME/CFS multiple other mechanisms have also been identified.

Aim of the study

We previously found that both CBF and CO were reduced in ME/CFS patients during tilt testing, and we hypothesized that the relation between CBF and CO is abnormal and different from HC. In this retrospective study we analyzed this relation in a large group of patients. To compare the patient data with those of HC, we focused on patients with a normal heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) response to upright tilt. Also, the influence of clinical data was analyzed.

Methods

A total of 534 ME/CFS patients and 49 HC underwent tilt testing with measurements of HR, BP, CBF, and CO. In 46 (9%) patients CO and CBF changes were in the normal range of HC, and in 488 (91%) an abnormal CO and CBF reduction was found.

Results

patients with a CO and CBF reduction in the range of HC had less severe disease and were more likely to be male. In patients with an abnormal CO and CBF reduction the slope of the regression line of CO versus CBF reduction was almost 1. A multiple regression analysis of the latter group, including patients with PetCO2measurements (440/488: 90%) showed that the CO reduction for the major part predicted the CBF reduction, with a limited role for the PetCO2reduction and the tilt duration. Other data did not add to the model.

Conclusions

Two different patient groups with a normal HR and BP response during the tilt were identified: those with a CO and CBF in the normal range of HC and those with an abnormal CO and CBF reduction during the tilt (91% of patients). The former group had milder disease and included more men. In the largest group of patients there was an almost 1:1 relation between the CO and CBF reduction, suggesting absence of compensatory vasodilation in the cerebral vasculature. This may be an appropriate target for clinical and therapeutic interventions.
Sainsc: a computational tool for segmentation-free analysis ofin-situcapture
Authors: Müller-Bötticher Niklas , Tiesmeyer Sebastian , Eils Roland , Ishaque Naveed
Published: August 2024

Spatially resolved transcriptomics has become the method of choice to characterise the complexity of biomedical tissue samples. Until recently, scientists have been restricted to profiling methods with high spatial resolution but for a limited set of genes or methods that can profile transcriptome-wide but at low spatial resolution. Through recent developments, there are now methods which offer subcellular spatial resolution and full transcriptome coverage. However, utilizing the high spatial and gene resolution of these new methods remains elusive due to several factors including low detection efficiency, high computational cost and difficulties in delineating cell borders. Here we present Sainsc (Segmentation-free analysis ofin-situcapture data), which combines a cell-segmentation free approach with efficient data processing of transcriptome-wide nanometer resolution spatial data. Sainsc can generate cell-type maps with accurate cell-type assignment at a subcellular level, together with corresponding maps of the assignment scores that facilitate the interpretation in the local confidence of cell-type assignment. We demonstrate its utility and accuracy across different tissues and profiling methods. Compared to other methods, Sainsc requires lower computational resources and has scalable performance, enabling interactive data exploration. Sainsc is compatible with common data analysis frameworks and is available as open-source software in multiple programming languages.
Modeling the transmission dynamics of African swine fever virus within commercial swine barns: Quantifying the contribution of multiple transmission pathways
Authors: Deka Aniruddha , Galvis Jason A , Fleming Christian , Safari Maryam , Yeh Chi-An , Machado Gustavo
Published: August 2024

Transmission of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) within commercial swine barns occurs through direct and indirect pathways. Identifying and quantifying the roles of ASFV dissemination within barns is crucial for the development of effective disease control strategies. We developed a stochastic transmission model to examine the ASFV dissemination dynamics through eight transmission routes within commercial swine barns. We consider seven transmission routes at three disease dynamics levels: within-pens, between-pens, and within-room transmission, along with the transfer of pigs between pens within the same room. We simulated ASFV spread within barns of various sizes and layouts from rooms with a median of 32 pens (IQR:28-40), where each pen housing a median of 34 pigs (IQR: 29-36). Our model enables the tracking of the viral load in each pen and the monitoring of the disease status at the pen level. Simulation results show that between-pen transmission pathways exhibited the highest contribution to ASFV spread, accounting for 71.4%, where within-pen and within-room pathways account for 20.1% and 8.5%, respectively. Among the direct transmission pathways, nose-to-nose contact between pens was the primary route of dissemination, comprising an average of 49%, while the fecal transmission between pens contributed 21%. On the other hand, aerosol transmission within pens had the lowest contribution, accounting for less than 1%. Furthermore, we show that the daily transfer of pigs between pens did not impact the spread of ASFV. The combination of passive surveillance of daily detection and active surveillance focused on mortality allowed the detection of ASFV within three Days, with peak detection occurring when mortality rates peaked. The model also allows us to pinpoint where the majority of infections and viral load are concentrated during the ASFV spread. This work significantly deepens our understanding of ASFV spread within commercial swine production farms in the U.S. and highlights the main transmission pathways that should be prioritized when implementing ASFV countermeasure actions at the room level.
Structural and functional characterization of SidF, a possible dual substrateAspergillus fumigatusN5-acetyl-N5-hydroxy-L-ornithine transacetylase
Authors: Poonsiri Thanalai , Demitri Nicola , Stransky Jan , Haas Hubertus , Cianci Michele , Benini Stefano
Published: August 2024

Siderophore-mediated iron acquisition is essential for the virulence ofAspergillus fumigatus, a fungus causing life-threatening aspergillosis. Developing drugs targeting the siderophore biosynthetic pathway could help improve disease management. The transacetylases SidF and SidL generate intermediates for different siderophores inA. fumigatus.A. fumigatushas a yet unidentified transacetylase that complements SidL during iron deficiency in SidL-lacking mutants.

We present the first X-ray structure of SidF, revealing a conserved two-domain architecture with tetrameric assembly. Importantly, the N-terminal domain contributes to protein solubility and oligomerization, while the C-terminal domain containing the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) motif is crucial for the enzymatic activity and mediates oligomer formation. Notably, AlphaFold modelling demonstrated structural similarity between SidF and SidL. Enzymatic assays showed that SidF can utilize acetyl-CoA as a donor, previously thought to be a substrate of SidL but not SidF, and selectively uses N5-hydroxy-L-ornithine as an acceptor. Based on these findings, we propose SidF as the unknown transacetylase complementing SidL activity, highlighting its central role inA. fumigatussiderophore biosynthesis.

This study elucidates the structure of SidF and reveals a novel role in siderophore biosynthesis. Investigation of this uncharacterized GNAT protein enhances our understanding of fungal virulence and holds promise for its potential application in developing antifungal therapies.
Weight loss-induced adipose macrophage memory improves localStaphylococcus aureusclearance in male mice
Authors: Bolden McArthur , Davis Xenia D , Sherwood Edward R , Bohannon Julia K , Caslin Heather L
Published: August 2024

Different stimuli can induce innate immune memory to improve pathogen defense or worsen cardiometabolic disease. However, it is less clear if the same stimuli can induce both the protective and detrimental effects of innate immune memory. We previously showed that weight loss induces innate immune memory in adipose macrophages that correlates with worsened diabetes risk after weight regain. In this study, we investigated the effect of weight loss on macrophage cytokine production and overall survival in a mouse model of infection. Male C57Bl/6J mice were put on high-fat or low-fat diets over 18 weeks to induce weight gain or weight loss. Lean mice served as controls. All mice were then infected IV with 2.5×10^6 CFUStaphylococcus aureus. Tissues were collected from 10 mice/group at day 3 and the remaining animals were followed for survival. Weight gain mice had the highest blood neutrophils and the highest bacterial burden in the kidney. However, there was no significant difference in survival. The weight loss group had the highest plasma TNF-α and a significant reduction in bacterial burden in the adipose tissue that correlated with increased adipose macrophage cytokine production. Thus, weight loss-induced adipose macrophage memory may both improve localS.aureusclearance and worsen diabetes risk upon weight regain. Collectively, these findings support the notion that innate immune memory is an evolutionarily protective mechanism that also contributes to the development of cardiometabolic diseases.
Both T and B cells contribute to dysregulated activation and differentiation of CD4+T cells in Activated PI3K delta syndrome 1
Authors: Bier Julia , Lau Anthony , Jackson Katherine JL , Ruiz-Diaz Stephanie , Brink Robert , Tangye Stuart G , Deenick Elissa K
Published: August 2024

Activated PI3K delta syndrome 1 (APDS1) is caused by a heterozygous germline gain-of-function (GOF) variants inPIK3CDwhich encodes the p110δ catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). APDS1 patients display a broad range of clinical manifestations and perturbations in cellular phenotype. One of the most striking features is the dysregulation of the T cell compartment characterised by an increase in memory T cells, including Tfh cells, and a concomitant decrease in naïve T cells. We have previously shown that many of these changes in T cell populations were T cell extrinsic and were also induced in WT T cells that developed in the presence of PI3K GOF cells. Here we dissected the drivers of dysregulated T cell activation using a mouse model of APDS1. This revealed PI3K GOF macrophages and DCs made little contribution to the aberrant T cell activation. Instead, the loss of naïve T cells was mostly driven extrinsically by PI3K GOF T cells, while the increase in Tfh cells was mediated by dysregulated PI3K GOF B cells. Surprisingly, despite previous reports of increased PI3K driving dysregulated inflammatory Tregs, we saw no evidence forPik3cdGOF Tregs acquiring an inflammatory phenotype and driving T cell activation. These studies provide new insights into the clinical phenotype of patients with APDS1 and new understanding of the role of PI3K in immune cells.
The Origins of Arginine “Magic”: Guanidinium Like-Charge Ion Pairing and Oligoarginine Aggregation in Water by NMR, Cryoelectron Microscopy, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Biriukov Denys , Osifová Zuzana , Hong Man Nguyen Thi , Mason Philip E. , Dračínský Martin , Jungwirth Pavel , Heyda Jan , Morandi Mattia I. , Vazdar Mario
Published: August 2024

The phenomenon of like-charge pairing of hydrated ions is a physical manifestation of the unique solvation properties of certain ion pairs in water. Water’s high dielectric constant and related ion screening capability significantly influence the interaction between like-charged ions, with the possibility to transform it – in some cases – from repulsion to attraction. Guanidinium cations (Gdm+) represent a quintessential example of such like-charge pairing due to their specific geometry and charge distribution. In this work, we present experimental quantification of Gdm+–Gdm+contact ion pairing in water utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments complemented by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The observed interaction is very weak — about –0.5 kJ·mol−1— which aligns with theoretical estimation from MD simulations. We also contrast the behavior of Gdm+with NH4+cations, which do no exhibit contact ion pairing in water. DFT calculations predict that the NMR chemical shift of Gdm+dimers is smaller than that of monomers, in agreement with NMR titration curves that display a non-linear Langmuir-like behavior. Additionally, we conducted cryo-electron microscopy experiments on oligoarginines R9, which (unlike nona-lysines K9) exhibit aggregation in water. This points again to like charge pairing of the guanidinium side chain groups, as corroborated also by molecular dynamics simulations of these peptides in water.
Multiplicity dependence of the
pT
-spectra for identified particles and its relationship with partonic entropy
Authors: Moriggi L. S. , Ramos G. S. , Machado M. V. T.
Published: August 2024

We investigate the multiplicity dependence of the transverse momentum pT spectra of hadrons produced in high-energy collisions. We propose that the partonic distribution be parametrized by its nonextensive entropy and the parton saturation scale Qs(x). These two variables can be identified from the produced charged hadron distributions and provide important information on the gluon dynamics at the moment of interaction. From this perspective, we interpret data from different ALICE multiplicity classes at s=13  TeV and s=5.02  TeV. A multiplicity-dependent scaling function is presented and the dependence of the interaction area on multiplicity is also investigated.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Scotogenic model from an extended electroweak symmetry
Authors: Van Dong Phung , Van Loi Duong
Published: August 2024

We argue that the higher weak isospin SU(3)L manifestly unifies dark matter and normal matter in its isomultiplets for which dark matter carries a conserved dark charge while normal matter does not. The resultant gauge symmetry is given by SU(3)C⊗SU(3)L⊗U(1)X⊗U(1)G, where the first factor is the color group, while the rest defines a scotoelectroweak theory in which X and G determine electric charge Q=T3−1/3T8+X and dark charge D=−2/3T8+G. This setup provides both appropriate scotogenic neutrino masses and dark matter stability as preserved by a residual dark parity PD=(−1)D. Interpretation of the dark charge is further discussed, given that SU(3)L is broken at very high energy scale.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Deep-underground dark matter search with a COSINUS detector prototype
Authors: Angloher G. , Bharadwaj M. R. , Dafinei I. , Di Marco N. , Einfalt L. , Ferroni F. , Fichtinger S. , Filipponi A. , Frank T. , Friedl M. , Fuss A. , Ge Z. , Heikinheimo M. , Hughes M. N. , Huitu K. , Kellermann M. , Maji R. , Mancuso M. , Pagnanini L. , Petricca F. , Pirro S. , Pröbst F. , Profeta G. , Puiu A. , Reindl F. , Schäffner K. , Schieck J. , Schmiedmayer D. , Schwertner C. , Shera K. , Stahlberg M. , Stendahl A. , Stukel M. , Tresca C. , Wagner F. , Yue S. , Zema V. , Zhu Y. ,   COSINUS Collaboration
Published: August 2024

Sodium iodide (NaI)-based cryogenic scintillating calorimeters using quantum sensors for signal readout have shown promising first results toward a model-independent test of the annually modulating signal detected by the DAMA/LIBRA dark matter experiment. The COSINUS Collaboration has previously reported on the first above-ground measurements using a dual-channel readout of phonons and light based on transition edge sensors (TESs) that allows for particle discrimination on an event-by-event basis. In this article, we outline the first underground measurement of a NaI cryogenic calorimeter readout via the novel remoTES scheme. A 3.67 g NaI absorber with an improved silicon light detector design was operated at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. A significant improvement in the discrimination power of e−/γ events to nuclear recoils was observed with a fivefold improvement in the nuclear recoil baseline resolution, achieving σ=441  eV. Furthermore, we present a limit on the spin-independent dark matter nucleon elastic scattering cross section, achieving a sensitivity of O(pb) with an exposure of only 11.6 g d.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Digital Homodyne and Heterodyne Detection for Stationary Bosonic Modes
Authors: Strandberg Ingrid , Eriksson Axel M. , Royer Baptiste , Kervinen Mikael , Gasparinetti Simone
Published: August 2024

Homo- and heterodyne detection are fundamental techniques for measuring propagating electromagnetic fields. However, applying these techniques to stationary fields confined in cavities poses a challenge. As a way to overcome this challenge, we propose to use repeated indirect measurements of a two-level system interacting with the cavity. We demonstrate numerically that the proposed measurement scheme faithfully reproduces measurement statistics of homo- or heterodyne detection. The scheme can be implemented in various physical architectures, including circuit quantum electrodynamics. Our results pave the way for implementation of quantum algorithms requiring linear detection of stationary modes, including quantum verification protocols.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Measuring the Loschmidt Amplitude for Finite-Energy Properties of the Fermi-Hubbard Model on an Ion-Trap Quantum Computer
Authors: Hémery Kévin , Ghanem Khaldoon , Crane Eleanor , Campbell Sara L. , Dreiling Joan M. , Figgatt Caroline , Foltz Cameron , Gaebler John P. , Johansen Jacob , Mills Michael , Moses Steven A. , Pino Juan M. , Ransford Anthony , Rowe Mary , Siegfried Peter , Stutz Russell P. , Dreyer Henrik , Schuckert Alexander , Nigmatullin Ramil
Published: August 2024

Calculating the equilibrium properties of condensed-matter systems is one of the promising applications of near-term quantum computing. Recently, hybrid quantum-classical time-series algorithms have been proposed to efficiently extract these properties from a measurement of the Loschmidt amplitude ⟨ψ|e−iH^t|ψ⟩ from initial states |ψ⟩ and a time evolution under the Hamiltonian H^ up to short times t. In this work, we study the operation of this algorithm on a present-day quantum computer. Specifically, we measure the Loschmidt amplitude for the Fermi-Hubbard model on a 16-site ladder geometry (32 orbitals) on the Quantinuum H2-1 trapped-ion device. We assess the effect of noise on the Loschmidt amplitude and implement algorithm-specific error-mitigation techniques. By using a thus-motivated error model, we numerically analyze the influence of noise on the full operation of the quantum-classical algorithm by measuring expectation values of local observables at finite energies. Finally, we estimate the resources needed for scaling up the algorithm.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Digital information needs and information-seeking behaviour among legal practitioners at the Lahore High Court, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Junaid Samreen , Mairaj Muhammad Ijaz , Aslam Sanila
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the digital information needs and seeking behaviour of legal practitioners practising at the Lahore High Court in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a quantitative approach based on an e-questionnaire survey to collect data from legal practitioners following a comprehensive census. Among the 9,933 registered legal practitioners, a random sample size of 370 respondents was determined, of whom 302 responded to the survey, resulting in a response rate of 81.6%.

Findings

Legal practitioners prefer the Pakistan Law Site and law journals as primary sources of information acquisition, with a distinct inclination towards digital formats over traditional print. These resources are primarily used for court case preparation, significantly enhancing the research capabilities of legal practitioners and ensuring they remain current in their field. However, several challenges were identified, including time constraints, limited access to digital resources and inadequate availability of legal resources in digital format. These challenges emphasize the critical need for enhancing the digital infrastructure of law libraries.

Research limitations/implications

The study calls for law libraries to adopt technological advancements and underscores the necessity of improving digital infrastructure to better serve the evolving information needs of legal practitioners.

Originality/value

This study underscores the preferred information sources and formats of legal practitioners for seeking information, their purpose for using law resources and the impact of digital media on their information-seeking behaviour. In addition, this study reveals the challenges they face in seeking them.
Terroir store brand authenticity
Authors: Charton-Vachet Florence , Louis Didier , Lombart Cindy
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the communication themes that retailers should prioritise to convey terroir store brands’ (TSBs) authenticity and the impact of their authenticity on several variables (i.e. value, attitude, trust, intentions and effective purchases). TSBs combine a variety of products that adhere to stringent standards associated with a terroir. Charters et al. (2017) referred to a terroir as “a resource based on unique physical origins and shared cultural personification that shape a product’s benefits into a meaningful value proposition” (p. 755). Three communication themes were studied: the ingredients’ origin, traditional local recipes and the producer’s history in a region (terroir).

Design/methodology/approach

An experiment was conducted in a store laboratory. A total of 420 consumers representative of the French population were randomly assigned to four independent groups in a between-subjects study design. They shopped in the store laboratory with a section dedicated to a TSB. Each of the independent samples in this experiment was exposed to posters in the store laboratory related to the three communication themes studied. The control group did not see any posters.

Findings

The study showed that the level of TSB authenticity was highest for the communication theme related to the traditional local recipes of the culinary dishes offered by the TSB. Next came the theme related to the ingredients’ origin, followed by the producer’s history in the terroir. Moreover, for the communication theme related to the traditional local recipes, TSB authenticity had a direct impact on value, trust and intentions. Moreover, the link between intentions and effective purchases of TSB products has only been established for this specific communication theme.

Originality/value

First, this study adds to the limited research on TSBs’ authenticity and identifies the communication themes retailers should use to promote such brands. It also proposes an integrative model of the consequences of TSBs’ authenticity in the retailing field that highlights the direct and indirect links (through value, attitude, trust and intentions) between authenticity and consumers’ effective purchases. Finally, it indicates the kind of discourse on TSBs that conveys their authenticity.
Economic policy uncertainty and Indian equity sectors: a quantile regression approach
Authors: Simran  , Sharma Anil K.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) shocks on Indian equity market sectors. The effect of domestic (Indian) and foreign (USA) EPU shocks is examined on ten major Bombay Stock Exchange sectors.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses data covering the period from September 2005 to July 2023 and uses the methodology of quantile regression to investigate the heterogenous response of stock market sectors under diverse market conditions explained through the analysis of conditional quantiles distribution.

Findings

The results demonstrate that domestic and foreign EPU shocks negatively affect most of the sectors in bearish market conditions. Industrials, commodities, utilities, consumer discretionary and financial services are the most affected sectors by domestic EPU. However, the information technology sector is found to be immune to domestic EPU shocks but negatively affected by foreign EPU shocks. On the other hand, energy, financial services and fast-moving consumer goods sectors are found to be immune to foreign EPU shocks but are negatively affected by domestic EPU shocks.

Practical implications

Understanding the heterogeneous response of different sectors to EPU shocks could help investors and portfolio managers identify portfolio diversification opportunities.

Originality/value

This study makes an inaugural attempt to examine the responses of Indian stock market sectors to domestic and foreign EPU shocks using the approach of quantile regression and unveils the previously unexamined diverse reactions of Indian stock market sectors to EPU shocks originating from both India and USA.
Experience layoffs, work engagement and the buffering effect of POS: a psychological contract perspective
Authors: Huang Hongwei , Cai Zijun , Zhao Wenxi , Zhou Zijun
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationship between experience layoffs and employees’ work engagement. Drawing on the psychological contract theory, we examine the parallel mediating role of cognitive and affective job insecurity, along with the moderating role of perceived organisational support.

Design/methodology/approach

The hypotheses were tested based on data collected from 737 employees of companies in various industries in China in an online survey.

Findings

The results showed the significant effect of experiencing layoffs on employees’ work engagement through cognitive and affective job insecurity, and the effect was stronger when perceived organisational support was lower. The moderated mediation effect mainly occurred through affective job insecurity but not cognitive job insecurity.

Originality/value

This study deepens the understanding of the mechanism of the negative effect of experiencing layoffs and the boundaries of its impact from a psychological contract breach perspective. By analysing the mediating role of cognitive and affective job insecurity, we have enhanced our understanding of the exchange-based mechanism of employees after experiencing layoffs. By examining the moderating role of perceived organisational support, we reveal the important role of supportive behaviours of organisations in mitigating the negative effects of experiencing layoffs.
From blocks to bridges: navigating the globalization-blockchain nexus through bibliometrics analysis
Authors: Goel Payal , Kushwah Silky Vigg
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aims to comprehensively inspect the impact of blockchain technology in the context of globalization, focusing on the most influential research works, scientific production by countries, commonly used keywords, trending topics and the conceptual and intellectual structure of this field.

Design/methodology/approach

A bibliometric analysis was conducted in R Studio, involving the review and scrutiny of 194 research papers indexed in the Scopus database. This analytical approach allowed for a systematic examination of the literature and the identification of key patterns and trends in blockchain and globalization research.

Findings

The analysis revealed the most influential research contributions, highlighted countries with significant scientific production, identified frequently used keywords and unveiled emerging trends and areas of focus in the field of blockchain and digitization. Additionally, the study explores prospective research directions.

Research limitations/implications

This research provides insights into the current state of blockchain and globalization research, offering valuable information for scholars, policymakers and industry professionals. The recognized themes provide a systematic structure for upcoming inquiries, directing studies toward vital domains like supply chain management and sustainable development. Moreover, the analysis emphasizes the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration and provides practical insights, enabling businesses and policymakers to enhance transparency, counteract fraud and adjust to the digital era for societal and economic advancement.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the prevailing literature by steering a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between blockchain technology and globalization, shedding light on influential works and emerging trends. It adds value by providing a structured overview of the field's intellectual landscape.
Unveiling creativity in artisanal beer through cultural and collective intelligence: a study of market in Mexico
Authors: Rajagopal  , Rajagopal Ananya
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The principal objective of the study is to analyze the influence of ethnicity, culture and collective intelligence in entrepreneurial creativity, innovation and marketing of artisanal beer in Mexico.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative data have been gathered by conducting four workshops with twelve respondents in each workshop across four states of Mexico comprising Mexico City, Puebla, Queretaro and Guadalajara. These workshops were held for four hours during the pre-lunch period over the weekends, which was participated by a mix of entrepreneurs and consumers.

Findings

Artisanal entrepreneurship is driven by the culture, ethnicity, collective intelligence and frugal innovations. Ethnic products generate patriotic feeling and consumption for a social cause to encourage artisans at the grassroots with the local tags. Results also indicate that social media and crowd cognition play an important role in developing creative artisanal beer.

Research limitations/implications

This study is founded on the theoretical maxims of social learning theory (SCT), social cognitive theory and theory of creativity. The contextual interpretation of SCT explains the socialization of concepts by modelling emotions and behavior to derive structural experiences as observed in artisanal entrepreneurship.

Practical implications

Entrepreneurs can develop brand emotions, boost anthropomorphic feelings and inculcate the sense of nationalism among consumers to market ethnic brands and develop social consciousness towards consumption of “Made in Mexico” products.

Social implications

Artisanal beer face major challenge of customer outreach by enhancing the brand proximity and ethnic values. Ethnic products hold a strong image in niche market and need to be stimulated by the experience sharing through social media and community interactions.

Originality/value

This research study significantly contributes to the existing literature on ethnic entrepreneurship and creativity using innovative research approach.
Effects of Ni addition on wettability and interfacial microstructure of Sn-0.7Cu-xNi solder alloy
Authors: Xie Jinshuai , Tang Lei , Gao Pengfei , Zhang Zhengquan , Li Liangfeng
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to study the effect of different Ni content on the microstructure and properties of Sn-0.7Cu alloy. Then, the spreading area, wetting angle, interface layer thickness and microstructure of the soldering interface was observed and analyzed at different soldering temperatures and times.

Design/methodology/approach

Sn-0.7Cu-xNi solder alloy was prepared by a high-frequency induction melting furnace. Then Sn-0.7Cu-xNi alloy was soldered on a Cu substrate at different soldering temperatures and times.

Findings

It was found that Ni made the intermetallic compounds in the Sn-0.7Cu solder alloy gradually aggregate and coarsen, and the microstructure was refined. The phase compositions of the solder alloy are mainly composed of the ß-Sn phase and a few intermetallic compounds, Cu6Sn5 + (Cu, Ni)6Sn5. The maximum value of 12.1 HV is reached when the Ni content is 0.1 Wt.%. When the Ni content is 0.5 Wt.%, the wettability of the solder alloy increases by about 15%, the interface thickness increases by about 8.9% and the scallop-like structure is the most refined. When the soldering time is 10 min and the soldering temperature is 280 °C, the wettability of Sn-0.7Cu-0.2Ni is the best.

Originality/value

It is groundbreaking to combine the change in soldering interface with the soldering industry. The effects of different soldering temperatures and times on the Sn-0.7Cu-xNi alloy were studied. Under the same conditions, Sn-0.7Cu-0.2Ni exhibits better wettability and more stable solder joint stability.
Flight behaviour of Red Kites within their breeding area in relation to local weather variables: Conclusions with regard to wind turbine collision mitigation
Authors: Aschwanden Janine , Stark Herbert , Liechti Felix
Published: August 2024

Birds and bats are prone to collisions with wind turbines. To reduce the number of bat collisions, weather variables are commonly used to shut down wind turbines when a certain constellation of weather variables occurs. Such a general approach might also be interesting to mitigate raptor collisions. Studies on the relationship between flight behaviour and weather variables are needed.

To investigate the flight behaviour of raptors within their breeding area in relation to local weather variables, we used high resolution data of flight tracks of Red Kites collected on a wind energy test site (Germany). Birds were tracked with a laser range finder (LRF) or with Global Positioning System (GPS) transmitters. Weather variables were continuously registered on site. We used generalised linear mixed models to analyse the influence of weather variables and of the measurement method on different flight parameters. Furthermore, we investigated the probability of flying within a virtual rotor height range defined by three hub heights (84, 94 and 140 m; diameter: 112 m).

The median flight altitude measured by LRF (52.5 m, 95% CI: 44.9–61.0, N = 2511) was on average 25 m higher than the corrected one resulting from GPS (27.8 m, 95% CI: 24.7–31.2, N = 6792). Flight speed also differed between methods (GPS: 29.2 km/h, 95% CI: 28.2–30.3 km/h; LRF: 25.1 km/h, 95% CI: 24.0–26.3 km/h). The effects of the weather variables were weak. Birds tended to fly less and lower during wet (humid, rainy or foggy) than dry weather, and lower during strong than weak winds. Probabilities of flying within a height range of virtual rotors increased with decreasing hub height, and hence ground clearance.

Synthesis and applications: Flight behaviour was highly variable. Flights occurred during all weather conditions at different altitudes throughout the day over the entire season. Further research into the relationship between flight behaviour, weather variables, collisions and other factors is needed as a basis for developing shutdown regimes generally suitable for raptors. The mean flight altitude and speed differed between the measurement methods. Any values resulting from studies should be interpreted in the context of the method.
Impact of the Southeast Melbourne Virtual Emergency Department on reducing transfers from residential aged care facilities
Authors: Sri‐Ganeshan Muhuntha , Mitra Biswadev , Soldatos Georgia , Rosler Rachel , Goldie Neil , Meek Robert , Howard Madeleine , Bertolucci Michelle , Egerton‐Warburton Diana , Manderson Rachel , Luzuriaga Vince , McGee Fergus , O'Reilly Gerard M , Cameron Peter A
Published: August 2024

Objective

To evaluate the impact of the Southeast Melbourne Virtual Emergency Department (SEMVED) on transfers from residential aged care facilities (RACFs) to traditional EDs.

Methods

A cohort study of residents requesting transfer to the ED via ambulance within participating health networks' catchments from April to June 2022.

Results

Two hundred thirty‐eight VED consultations occurred with 79% (188/238) avoiding transfer. This represented an avoidance of 12% (188/1511) of all requests for transfer during operating hours.

Conclusions

SEMVED prevented unnecessary transfers and enabled in‐facility care. Integration into community outreach programmes could enhance care delivery. Patient safety outcomes were not formally assessed by our methodology.
Larval diet impacts black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) thermal tolerance and preference
Authors: Li Chujun , Rusch Travis W. , Dickerson Amy J. , Tarone Aaron M. , Tomberlin Jeffery K.
Published: August 2024

Thermal tolerance and preference are key parameters impacting agricultural production systems. In this study, the impact of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference across life‐stages and sexes was examined. Larvae were fed either a low‐protein high‐carbohydrate synthetic diet (i.e., P7C35), a high‐protein low‐carbohydrate synthetic diet (i.e., P35C7), or the Gainesville diet (i.e., C) as a control and reference. Our results demonstrate that the impacts of larval diet on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference could be stage and sex specific. The mean heat knockdown temperatures (HKT) ranged between 46.6 and 47.9 °C. Synthetic diets resulted in greater HKT and the difference decreased form larvae (e.g., ∼1 °C) to adults (e.g., ∼0.2 °C). The mean chill‐coma recovery time (CCRT) ranged between 8.3 and 21.6 min. Not much differences were detected between diets, but CCRT became longer from larvae to adults. The mean thermal preference ranged between 13.6 and 29.5 °C. Larvae fed synthetic diets preferred much lower temperatures than the control diet. A bimodal distribution was observed for adults regardless of sex. Differences on body mass, lipid, and protein contents were detected among diets; however, more research should be done before any conclusions can be linked to their thermal traits. These findings highlight the importance of considering the ingredients and nutritional makeup of larval diets when optimizing temperature management protocols for mass production of black soldier flies. Conversely, specific diets can be developed to promote survival under extreme rearing temperatures.
In vivo efficacy of date palm pit extract based chromone derivative against Aedes aegypti dengue vectors in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qari Sameer H. , Aljameeli Mohammad M.
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the in vivo efficacy of a chromium derivative extracted from date palms pit against Aedes aegypti the third instar larvae, the known vector of dengue fever in Saudi Arabia. Chromone 1, a flavonoid chromone component, was isolated from the alcoholic extract of date palm pits (DPP) using High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that exposure of A. aegypti larvae to whole DPP extract and chromone 1 for 24 h resulted in significant insecticidal efficacy with LC50 values of 132.82 and 54.64 ppm, respectively. The same concentrations also effectively inhibited AChE (acetylcholinesterase) activity up to −56.83 and −58.58%, respectively, compared to controls. The acetylcholine bromide test further confirmed the interaction between chromone 1 and AChE. The results also revealed that the chromone 1 treatment altered Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and protein content. It also exhibited that the extract of date palm pits DPP can effectively serve as sustainable ingredients for the control management of A. aegypti.
MOSCA 2.0: A bioinformatics framework for metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics data analysis and visualization
Authors: Sequeira João C. , Pereira Vítor , Alves M. Madalena , Pereira M. Alcina , Rocha Miguel , Salvador Andreia F.
Published: August 2024

The analysis of meta‐omics data requires the utilization of several bioinformatics tools and proficiency in informatics. The integration of multiple meta‐omics data is even more challenging, and the outputs of existing bioinformatics solutions are not always easy to interpret. Here, we present a meta‐omics bioinformatics pipeline, Meta‐Omics Software for Community Analysis (MOSCA), which aims to overcome these limitations. MOSCA was initially developed for analysing metagenomics (MG) and metatranscriptomics (MT) data. Now, it also performs MG and metaproteomics (MP) integrated analysis, and MG/MT analysis was upgraded with an additional iterative binning step, metabolic pathways mapping, and several improvements regarding functional annotation and data visualization. MOSCA handles raw sequencing data and mass spectra and performs pre‐processing, assembly, annotation, binning and differential gene/protein expression analysis. MOSCA shows taxonomic and functional analysis in large tables, performs metabolic pathways mapping, generates Krona plots and shows gene/protein expression results in heatmaps, improving omics data visualization. MOSCA is easily run from a single command while also providing a web interface (MOSGUITO). Relevant features include an extensive set of customization options, allowing tailored analyses to suit specific research objectives, and the ability to restart the pipeline from intermediary checkpoints using alternative configurations. Two case studies showcased MOSCA results, giving a complete view of the anaerobic microbial communities from anaerobic digesters and insights on the role of specific microorganisms. MOSCA represents a pivotal advancement in meta‐omics research, offering an intuitive, comprehensive, and versatile solution for researchers seeking to unravel the intricate tapestry of microbial communities.
Diplomacy by committee: Assessing resolve and costly signals in group settings
Authors: Wayne Carly , Mukaigawara Mitsuru , Kertzer Joshua D. , Holmes Marcus
Published: August 2024

Assessing resolve and interpreting costly signals are crucial tasks for leaders engaging in international diplomacy. However, leaders rarely make these decisions in isolation, relying on advisers to help assess adversary intentions. How do group dynamics change the way costly signals are interpreted? We field a large‐scale group experiment to examine how assessments of resolve vary across group settings. We find groups make significantly higher initial assessments of adversary resolve than individuals do, but also update their beliefs less after receiving new information. In small group contexts, first impressions may play a stronger role in shaping beliefs than any signals—costly or otherwise—that come afterwards. This has important implications for our understanding of signaling, providing further evidence that costly signals are less straightforward than often assumed.
Navigating the evolving landscape of atopic dermatitis: Challenges and future opportunities: The 4th Davos declaration
Authors: Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Afghani Jamie , Akdis Cezmi A. , Akdis Mübecel , Aydin Handan , Bärenfaller Katja , Behrendt Heidrun , Bieber Thomas , Bigliardi Paul , Bigliardi‐Qi Mei , Bonefeld Charlotte Menné , Bösch Stefanie , Brüggen Marie Charlotte , Diemert Sebastian , Duchna Hans‐Werner , Fähndrich Martina , Fehr Danielle , Fellmann Marc , Frei Remo , Garvey Lena H. , Gharbo Raschid , Gökkaya Mehmet , Grando Karin , Guillet Carole , Guler Erman , Gutermuth Jan , Herrmann Nadine , Hijnen Dirk Jan , Hülpüsch Claudia , Irvine Alan D. , Jensen‐Jarolim Erika , Kong Heidi H. , Koren Hillel , Lang Claudia C. V. , Lauener Roger , Maintz Laura , Mantel Pierre‐Yves , Maverakis Emanuel , Möhrenschlager Matthias , Müller Svenja , Nadeau Kari , Neumann Avidan U. , O'Mahony Liam , Rabenja Fahafahantsoa Rapelanoro , Renz Harald , Rhyner Claudio , Rietschel Ernst , Ring Johannes , Roduit Caroline , Sasaki Mari , Schenk Mirjam , Schröder Jens , Simon Dagmar , Simon Hans‐Uwe , Sokolowska Milena , Ständer Sonja , Steinhoff Martin , Piccirillo Doris Straub , Taïeb Alain , Takaoka Roberto , Tapparo Martin , Teixeira Henrique , Thyssen Jacob Pontoppidan , Traidl Stephan , Uhlmann Miriam , van de Veen Willem , van Hage Marianne , Virchow Christian , Wollenberg Andreas , Yasutaka Mitamura , Zink Alexander , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter
Published: August 2024

The 4th Davos Declaration was developed during the Global Allergy Forum in Davos which aimed to elevate the care of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) by uniting experts and stakeholders. The forum addressed the high prevalence of AD, with a strategic focus on advancing research, treatment, and management to meet the evolving challenges in the field. This multidisciplinary forum brought together top leaders from research, clinical practice, policy, and patient advocacy to discuss the critical aspects of AD, including neuroimmunology, environmental factors, comorbidities, and breakthroughs in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The discussions were geared towards fostering a collaborative approach to integrate these advancements into practical, patient‐centric care. The forum underlined the mounting burden of AD, attributing it to significant environmental and lifestyle changes. It acknowledged the progress in understanding AD and in developing targeted therapies but recognized a gap in translating these innovations into clinical practice. Emphasis was placed on the need for enhanced awareness, education, and stakeholder engagement to address this gap effectively and to consider environmental and lifestyle factors in a comprehensive disease management strategy. The 4th Davos Declaration marks a significant milestone in the journey to improve care for people with AD. By promoting a holistic approach that combines research, education, and clinical application, the Forum sets a roadmap for stakeholders to collaborate to improve patient outcomes in AD, reflecting a commitment to adapt and respond to the dynamic challenges of AD in a changing world.
IgE glycosylation and impact on structure and function: A systematic review
Authors: McCraw Alexandra J. , Palhares Lais C. G. F. , Hendel Jenifer L. , Gardner Richard A. , Santaolalla Aida , Crescioli Silvia , McDonnell James , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Chenoweth Alicia , Spencer Daniel I. R. , Wagner Gerd K. , Karagiannis Sophia N.
Published: August 2024

The impact of human IgE glycosylation on structure, function and disease mechanisms is not fully elucidated, and heterogeneity in different studies renders drawing conclusions challenging. Previous reviews discussed IgE glycosylation focusing on specific topics such as health versus disease, FcεR binding or impact on function. We present the first systematic review of human IgE glycosylation conducted utilizing the PRISMA guidelines. We sought to define the current consensus concerning the roles of glycosylation on structure, biology and disease. Despite diverse analytical methodologies, source, expression systems and the sparsity of data on IgE antibodies from non‐allergic individuals, collectively evidence suggests differential glycosylation profiles, particularly in allergic diseases compared with healthy states, and indicates functional impact, and contributions to IgE‐mediated hypersensitivities and atopic diseases. Beyond allergic diseases, dysregulated terminal glycan structures, including sialic acid, may regulate IgE metabolism. Glycan sites such as N394 may contribute to stabilizing IgE structure, with alterations in these glycans likely influencing both structure and IgE‐FcεR interactions. This systematic review therefore highlights critical IgE glycosylation attributes in health and disease that may be exploitable for therapeutic intervention, and the need for novel analytics to explore pertinent research avenues.