bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dense and Warm Neutral Gas in BR 1202-0725 at z = 4.7 as Traced by the [O I] 145 μm Line
Authors: Lee Minju M. , Nagao Tohru , De Breuck Carlos , Carniani Stefano , Cresci Giovanni , Hatsukade Bunyo , Kawabe Ryohei , Kohno Kotaro , Maiolino Roberto , Mannucci Fillipo , Marconi Alessandro , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Troncoso Paulina , Umehata Hideki
Published: May 2021

We report the detection of [O i] 145.5 μm in the BR 1202-0725 system, a compact group at z = 4.7 consisting of a quasar (QSO), a submillimeter-bright galaxy (SMG), and three faint Lyα emitters. By taking into account the previous detections and upper limits, the [O i] /[C ii] line ratios of the now five known high-z galaxies are higher than or on the high end of the observed values in local galaxies ([O i] /[C ii] ≳ 0.13). The high [O i] /[C ii] ratios and the joint analysis with previous detection of [N ii] lines for both of the QSO and the SMG suggest the presence of warm and dense neutral gas in these highly star-forming galaxies. This is further supported by new CO (12–11) line detections and a comparison with cosmological simulations. There is a possible positive correlation between the [N ii] 122/205 line ratio and the [O i] /[C ii] ratio when all local and high-z sources are taken into account, indicating that the denser the ionized gas, the denser and warmer the neutral gas (or vice versa). The detection of the [O i] line in the BR 1202-0725 system with a relatively short amount of integration with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) demonstrates the great potential of this line as a dense gas tracer for high-z galaxies.
Describing the hidden species diversity of Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) in the Norwegian Sea using morphological and molecular diagnostics
Authors: Grosse Maël , Capa María , Bakken Torkild
Published: May 2021

Using molecular markers and species delimitation analyses, a high diversity of bi-tentaculate Cirratulidae was discovered from the North-East Atlantic. Five new species are described: Chaetozone pseudosetosasp. nov., Chaetozone quintasp. nov., Chaetozone barentsensissp. nov., Chaetozone monteverdiisp. nov., and Chaetozone chambersaesp. nov. Several morphogroups are also described, even though the presence of cryptic diversity prevented naming of individual species. For each species presented, a molecular diagnostic is given from the universal barcode COI and, when available, the D1–D2 domains of the 28S rRNA. This increases the number of species in Chaetozone in northern European waters from ten to at least 17 species, the exact number of species remaining uncertain as taxonomic issues with older names remain unresolved.
L’archipel des temps de la formation
Authors: Gremion Christophe , Levionnois André
Published: May 2021

Cette recherche qualitative s’intéresse aux différentes temporalités mises en concurrence dans les formations hybrides. Quels synchroniseurs utiliser et comment orchestrer les temps pour favoriser l’acte d’apprendre et la professionnalisation ? Comment, dans une visée d’alternance intégrative ou copulative, faire en sorte que le temps synchroniseur soit celui de l’apprentissage de la personne en formation et non celui de l’institution ou de l’évaluation ? Ces questions sont au cœur de cette recherche. Les données, recueillies lors d’une quinzaine d’entretiens semi-directifs, font apparaître des tensions inattendues subies par les apprenants adultes. Souffrance, surcharge et hétéronomie horizontale sont mentionnées. En fin d’article, des pistes sont proposées pour organiser ces formations à distance autour de l’apprentissage des participants.
L’archipel des temps de la formation
Authors: Oget David , Sonntag Michel
Published: May 2021

Les formations d’ingénieurs en partenariat connaissent un regain d’intérêt. Cette réussite peut être rapprochée des questions posées par la temporalité dans le rapport à l’apprentissage. Nous explorons cette dernière en nous focalisant sur la façon dont les étudiants vivent le temps en entreprise et à l’école, la temporalité de la démarche d’apprentissage et les modèles sous-jacents dans les formations par alternance qui participent à la construction identitaire. Le recueil des données fait apparaître un rapport différencié au temps du projet et fait ressortir un paradoxe entre le temps de l’apprentissage et le temps de la production.
L’enseignement universitaire en milieu carcéral
Authors: Vezzadini Susanna
Published: May 2021

On présente ici les résultats d’une recherche qualitative menée auprès des étudiants universitaires détenus dans Maison de district de Bologne, qui peuvent commencer ou bien continuer leurs études grâce à la Convention existante depuis plusieurs années entre l’Université de Bologne, le Département de l’Administration pénitentiaire - PRAP (Régional Provveditorato) et la Maison de district. L’observation directe de la dynamique à travers laquelle il se produit, ou au contraire rencontre des obstacles, ce droit fondamental a entraîné l’émergence de certaines questions qui sont devenus l’objet de la recherche.
L’enseignement universitaire en milieu carcéral
Authors: Mucchielli Laurent
Published: May 2021

Depuis 2007, la doctrine officielle du ministère français de l’Intérieur n’a cessé d’affirmer que la vidéosurveillance est un outil de prévention, de dissuasion et d’élucidation des actes de délinquance. Le présent article vise à évaluer l’efficacité de la vidéosurveillance au regard de cette promesse. Il s’appuie sur une enquête de long terme (2012-2017) menée dans trois villes (une petite, une moyenne et une très grande) du Sud de la France, et sur une méthodologie à la fois quantitative et qualitative. Les résultats soulignent la grande faiblesse de la contribution de la vidéosurveillance à la lutte contre la criminalité, tant en termes d’élucidation a posteriori des infractions que de détection "en direct" par les opérateurs qui visionnent les images. L’enquête montre également comment et pourquoi ces dispositifs technologiques sont progressivement détournés vers d’autres usages plus rentables mais en partie dissimulés car moins acceptables socialement.
Les « communautés nouvelles » du Renouveau Charismatique Catholique brésilien
Authors: Aubrée Marion
Published: May 2021

Cet article a pour but de mettre en évidence les importantes transformations liturgiques et organisationnelles enregistrées au sein du catholicisme brésilien à partir du Renouveau charismatique catholique (RCC), né aux États-Unis vers la fin des années 1960. Alors que, dans les années 1970, le catholicisme brésilien enregistrait, malgré la Théologie de la libération, une nette décrue face à la pénétration du pentecôtisme, dans les classes populaires le surgissement du RCC a agi comme un contre-feu au développement exponentiel de cet autre courant chrétien. Aujourd’hui, il est dynamisé par des formes d’organisation en communautés qui se construisent en tant que structures indépendantes au sein même de l’Église romaine. L’expression de leur croyance s’inscrit totalement à la fois dans les formes culturelles de la nation Brésil et dans la dimension universelle de la mondialisation en cours. Ce faisant, lesdites communautés appliquent, à leur manière, le concept théologique d’inculturation contenu dans l’exhortation apostolique «  Evangelii nuntiandi  » du pape Jean-Paul II.
Mères et pères face à l’allaitement : savoirs experts et rapports de genre à l’hôpital et à domicile en Suisse
Authors: Chautems Caroline , Maffi Irène
Published: May 2021

Fondé sur deux ethnographies menées en Suisse romande, cet article propose une analyse comparative des savoirs experts et des pratiques autour de l’allaitement de sages-femmes indépendantes réalisant un suivi global à domicile et de sages-femmes et infirmièr·e·s travaillant à l’hôpital. Les auteures examinent la manière dont les logiques genrées sous-tendues par les savoirs médicaux sur l’allaitement sont incorporées par les parents à travers l’interaction avec les professionnel·le·s. Malgré la séparation apparente entre les modèles de la naissance à domicile ou « naturelle » et de la naissance hospitalière ou « technocratique », les deux groupes professionnels partagent une conception naturaliste de l’allaitement, ainsi qu’une vision hétéronormée et différentialiste des rôles parentaux s’inscrivant de manière cohérente dans le contexte socioéconomique et politique suisse.
La fabrique du lien
Authors: Carvalho E. , Jacques C. , Ramjan O. , de Rochegonde T. , Sers D. , Unité de Jour
Published: May 2021

Alors même que des orientations nouvelles s’affichent depuis quelques années pour les Hôpitaux de Jour en France, notre équipe soignante a voulu se pencher sur ses pratiques actuelles et approfondir ses réflexions sur le lien thérapeutique qui unit patients et soignants dans notre Unité de Jour. Etat des lieux.
Sublimation et symbolisation à l’adolescence : du passage à l’acte à sa mise en scène
Authors: Perret Anne
Published: May 2021

Nous aborderons la clinique des agirs caractéristique de l’adolescence et de son potentiel symboligène à travers le prisme de la clinique institutionnelle. Nous tenterons, d’une part, de mettre en évidence comment les agirs des adolescents seraient des expérimentations de voies de symbolisation d’expériences primaires non symbolisée qui tenteraient de tracer une voie à la pulsion. Nous tenterons également de montrer comment et dans quelles conditions, l’institution pourrait jouer un rôle d’organisateur pulsionnel, comment elle peut offrir des points d’appui symboligènes, comment par l’intermédiaire du transfert, elle pourrait en quelques sorte hystériser cette clinique et permettre le passage de l’acte à sa mise en scène.
Albert Hirst, un adolescent analysé par Sigmund Freud : sexualité, symbolisation et sublimation
Authors: Houssier Florian
Published: May 2021

Albert Hirst est un patient de S. Freud très peu connu en France. Nous avons pu reconstruire des fragments de son analyse avec Freud grâce à l’autobiographie jamais publiée qu’Hirst a rédigée en 1972 et à une série d’entretiens réalisés par K. Eissler. Cet article restitue les éléments essentiels des deux temps du traitement d’Hirst en repérant notamment les passages les plus significatifs de la dynamique transférentielle, passant notamment par le partage de références littéraires à visée de sublimation des conflits psychiques.
Le « projet adulte » de l’adolescent
Authors: Ikiz Simruy
Published: May 2021

Cet article interroge le rôle de la capacité de rêverie dans le travail psychique de la fin d’adolescence. Pour l’auteure, le processus de fin de l’adolescence serait repérable à travers l’appropriation subjective d’un « projet adulte » élaboré grâce à la capacité de rêverie. Le « projet adulte » est introduit dans cet article en tant que concept intermédiaire : au carrefour de la réalité interne et externe et prend en compte l’importance des facteurs sociétaux et environnementaux et les choix du jeune adulte à la fin de l’adolescence.
L’enseignement moral et civique en France en 2020. De l’extrême violence à la reconquête du vivre ensemble
Authors: Rubiliani-Lenne Sylvie
Published: May 2021

L’Ecole se trouve actuellement dans une situation explosive où incompréhension, valeurs immuables et violence extrême s’entrechoquent et percutent dangereusement la personne de l’élève adolescent. A partir d’un rappel de l’histoire, des codes et des fonctionnements de l’Ecole dans sa mission d’enseignement moral et civique et en s’appuyant sur des témoignages, des déclarations et textes officiels ainsi que sur une expérience personnelle éprouvée, cet article tente d’abord d’explorer les causes d’un tel délitement. Il propose ensuite quelques apistes pédagogiques qui, en canalisant les violences rentrées ou manifestes grâce à des activités libératrices structurantes, sont susceptibles de redonner aux élèves adolescents une indépendance d’esprit et un plaisir d’apprendre ensemble et autrement. Pour peu que tous les acteurs, dans et en dehors de l’Ecole, en manifestent la volonté.
Virtual Reality Game Playing in Amblyopia Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rajavi Zhale , Soltani Ariana , Vakili Amirmohammad , Sabbaghi Hamideh , Behradfar Narges , Kheiri Bahareh , Reza Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

To compare the visual outcome of occlusion therapy with virtual reality game playing as a new therapy for children with amblyopia.

Methods:

This randomized clinical trial was performed on 50 children between 4 and 10 years old who had unilateral amblyopia. They were randomly divided into virtual reality and patching groups (n = 25 in each). The virtual reality group was trained binocularly using the virtual reality games through a head set for 1 hour per day 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Patients in the patching group occluded their non-amblyopic eyes 2, 4, and 6 hours for mild (best corrected visual acuity [BCVA] 0.2 to 0.3 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), moderate (0.3 to 0.6 logMAR), and severe (worse than 0.6 logMAR) amblyopia, respectively.

Results:

The mean BCVA based on logMAR units improved significantly in both groups (
P
< .0001), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (
P
= .59). BCVA based on the responded letters improved in both groups (virtual reality:
P
= .0001, patching:
P
= .001), and change in BCVA in the virtual reality group was higher than in the patching group (
P
= .002).

Conclusions:

Virtual reality game playing was equal or superior to patching in an analysis of linear and letter BCVA, respectively. Therefore, applying this new amblyopia therapy is recommended.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(3):154–160.]
A New Clinical Method for Visual Function Evaluation Including Estimation and Measurement of Therapeutic Effectiveness: Lessons From Infantile Nystagmus Research
Authors: Dell'Osso Louis F.
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

To translate infantile nystagmus system (INS) research into easily understood, clinically relevant terminology and suggest modifications to research and clinical testing, data and clinical interpretation, and therapeutic choices and evaluation.

Methods:

A clinical method is presented using only three best-corrected visual acuity measurements of patients with INS, whereby (1) a measure of the quality of visual acuity across the visual field is possible; (2) pre-therapy estimates of post-therapy improvements in peak acuity and the high-acuity range of gaze angles are possible; and (3) more realistic visual function outcome measures of therapy are available to the practitioner.

Results:

The application of the high-acuity field quality spreadsheet to the analyses of patients with INS (before and after therapy) results in a quantitative measure of visual function based on three visual acuity measurements.

Conclusions:

The clinician can now duplicate adequate functional visual acuity descriptions in patients with INS along with their pre-therapy estimates and outcome measures. Previously, these have only been available to researchers or the rare clinicians who have access to both eye movement data and the expanded nystagmus acuity function analysis of INS waveforms.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(3):188–195.]
El Miembro Taquaral, Formación Irati (Cuenca del Paraná, Pérmico): síntesis de estudios paleontológicos
Authors: Chahud Artur
Published: May 2021

La Formación Irati (Cisuraliense, Kunguriense) se destaca por sus características sedimentológicas, paleontológicas y tafonómicas, importantes para conocer detalles paleoambientales y deposicionales. Dos miembros componen esta formación: Taquaral, el inferior, y Assitência, superior. En el miembro Taquaral, las características litológicas, las estructuras sedimentológicas y los datos paleontológicos permitieron el reconocimiento de tres facies. Las facies arenosa inferior es caracterizada por una fauna de vertebrados rica y diversificada. La segunda facies, compuesta por lutitas limosas, contiene una familia endémica de crustáceos Clarkecariidae, desconocida en cualquier otro depósito del mundo, lo que deja evidente del cuerpo de agua durante la sedimentación de esta facies. La tercera facies, conocida solo en el Estado de Paraná, es la única que alcanza condiciones intermitentes para la sedimentación de carbonatos. Los moluscos bivalvos están presentes solo en estas facies, cuya sedimentación ocurrió solo en la mitad superior de este miembro. Este trabajo presenta una síntesis del registro paleontológico del miembro Taquaral y una interpretación de los distintos ambientes deposicionales obtenida a partir de datos sedimentológicos y paleontológicos.
Primera cita de la Familia Polyzoniidae Newport, 1844 (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida) en la Península Ibérica
Authors: Mateos Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Los milpiés (Diplopoda) son un grupo de artrópodos terrestres con una alta diversidad específica a escala global. En el mundo están citadas unas 12,000 especies distribuidas en 16 órdenes y 145 familias. La familia Polyzoniidae está representada en Europa por tres especies, siendo Polyzonium germanicum Brandt, 1837 la que presenta una distribución más amplia. Hasta la fecha no existen citas en la Península Ibérica para esta familia. Polyzonium germanicum habita fundamentalmente en suelos de bosques húmedos o muy húmedos, ya sean de coníferas, de frondosas o bosques mixtos. La presente nota describe una población de P. germanicum localizada en suelos de un hayedo del norte de la provincia de Barcelona (España). Este registro representa la primera cita de la especie P. germanicum y de la familia Polyzoniidae para la fauna ibérica.
Un nuevo refugio para Simulium (Rubzovia) paraloutetense Crosskey, 1988 (Diptera: Simuliidae) en La Gomera (Islas Canarias)
Authors: Seitz Gunther
Published: May 2021

Debido a la destrucción de la única localidad conocida anteriormente de S. paraloutetense Crosskey, 1988 en Gran Canaria, el descubrimiento de una larva joven en un arroyo primaveral de La Gomera reviste una especial importancia faunística. La determinación fue difícil ya que no hay caracteres diagnósticos claros para las larvas jóvenes; sin embargo, fue posible una diferenciación plausible de especies similares. Se proporciona información bionómica sobre la distribución y ecología de otras especies de simúlidos en La Gomera.
Le dialogue inclusif sur l’éthique de l’IA : délibération en ligne citoyenne et internationale pour l’UNESCO
Authors: Noiseau Pauline , Lanteigne Camylle , Echaiz Lucia Flores , Salazar Fatima Gabriela Gomez , Mai Vincent , Dilhac Marc-Antoine , Mörch Carl-Maria
Published: May 2021

Cet article rend compte de la manière dont les organisations internationales pourraient s’approprier la démarche délibérative à l’occasion de leurs efforts de régulation éthique de l’IA en présentant le projet de la délibération internationale intitulée « Dialogue inclusif sur l’éthique de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) » (ODAI) menée par Algora Lab - Université de Montréal et Mila - Institut québécois d’intelligence artificielle. Ce projet délibératif portait sur le premier instrument normatif mondial en éthique de l’IA rédigé par l’UNESCO. L’ODAI se démarque par sa portée internationale, le nombre de personnes consultées et sa réalisation en ligne. Après une présentation du cadre méthodologique et théorique de la délibération sur l’éthique de l’IA, nous opérons une analyse critique du processus et nous proposerons finalement des recommandations pratiques pour de futures délibérations en éthique de l’IA.
Online Migration of Musical Instrument Teachers : Technology, AI, and New Professional Perspectives
Authors: Barbosa Ingrid
Published: May 2021

The present work brings forth a discussion about the online migration process of musical instrument teachers in Brazil during the covid-19 pandemic in 2020, discussing majorly the challenges faced according to results of a survey carried in a previous study. The aim was to promote a possible dialogue between the online adaptations and the use of technology for music lessons with the opportunities found in the use of artificial intelligence applied to music studies and music education. The conclusions lead us to think that there is a large field to be explored in combining AI to music teaching and, although it must be used with caution, respecting the needs and complexity of music, innovation in this sense can provide tools and means to support and enlarge music profession opportunities amidst diverse contexts.
Comment apprivoiser son public avec un robot dit social ?
Authors: Dolbeau-Bandin Cécile , Wilhelm Carsten
Published: May 2021

This article explores and analyzes how a robot maker (Hanson Robotics, HR) uses mainstream social media as leverage to “tame” audiences. The object of the study is the so-called social robot SOPHIA, particularly her digital presences. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of data on the main social media accounts, in particular the facebook page, Twitter account, Pinterest, Linkedin, Instagram and YouTube channel from March 15, 2017 to April 20, 2020. Following the mapping of the communicational assemblage and ecosystem an analysis of the discourse produced, we propose the term “ventriloquist artificial sentience” to understand this communicational phenomenon, comparable to the “mechanical Turk” of fake Chess machines, blurring the lines between commercial communication and the mind game of human-robot interaction.
Du tritium dans les gros titres
Authors: Segault Antonin
Published: May 2021

Dans l’imaginaire collectif, les médias sociaux semblent être un terrain favorable à la diffusion d’informations erronées. Cet article s’intéresse aux formes que prennent, sur ces plateformes, les processus de dénonciation des contenus considérés comme faux et donc déviants. Un corpus de tweets est étudié afin d’examiner la construction et la répression d’une rumeur portant sur la contamination de l’eau potable par du tritium, en juillet 2019. Les analyses montrent que les échanges se déroulant sur Twitter ont bien conduit à une imposition ferme des normes de vérité. Elles font en revanche apparaître de multiples enjeux de pouvoir, interrogeant notamment la légitimité des acteurs historiquement chargés de l’imposition de ces normes.
Dix petits hacks Tinder : les algorithmes au service d’une économie spéculative des rencontres amoureuses et sexuelles
Authors: MYLES David , BLAIS Martin
Published: May 2021

La médiation des rencontres amoureuses et sexuelles repose sur une longue tradition de services-conseils. Cet article analyse un corpus de guides-conseils développés autour de l’application populaire Tinder. Notre analyse suggère que la pratique de blackboxing algorithmique, soit le fait de caractériser les algorithmes à titre de boîtes noires, est centrale aux guides étudiés. Ces guides misent sur l’opacité présumée des algorithmes de Tinder pour vanter certains produits, conseils ou services visant la facilitation des rencontres. La pratique de blackboxing algorithmique renforce principalement l’injonction de hacker Tinder. Dans ce contexte, la notion de hack renvoie à l’importance pour les usagers de moduler leurs comportements afin de les rendre plus algorithmiquement intelligibles, notamment en fonction de leur genre. Ainsi, nous suggérons que les algorithmes de Tinder participent à reproduire une économie spéculative des rencontres amoureuses et sexuelles.
Stakeholders in the Active Economy
Authors: Dowling Mathew , Leopkey Becca , Robertson Jonathan
Published: May 2021

This chapter builds upon previous discussions conceptualizing the active economy by focusing on one of its key features: the stakeholders. In particular, the authors seek to answer three fundamental questions regarding how to conceptualise active economies including: (1) What stakeholders comprise an active economy? (2) How can we identify stakeholders within an active economy? (3) How do these stakeholders interact in order to produce systems of value? In response to these questions, they provide an overview of the stakeholder saliency literature and discuss how it may be possible to conceptualize stakeholders within the active economy by outlining a topology and a conceptual framework for the identification and classification of stakeholders. Finally, they illustrate how this conceptual framework can be used to identify stakeholders within global, national, and regional active economies and through a case study of Strava Inc.
Active Recreation in an Active Economy
Authors: Torrance Brian
Published: May 2021

Active recreation is defined as activities engaged in for the purpose of relaxation, health and wellbeing, or enjoyment with the primary activity requiring physical exertion. They are often spontaneous in nature and participant-led, with a low level of organization and limited structure. Active recreation has significant links to health and wellbeing and provides its greatest value when it is shared with all citizens.
The Sport Gaming Nexus
Authors: Dottori Mark , Sévigny Alex
Published: May 2021

Historically, sports gaming has existed primarily in brick-and-mortar venues such as casinos. This was the case until the internet created the conditions for a dramatic change in the supply of gaming opportunities in live sports. In 2018, a United States Supreme Court ruling legalized sports gaming, which triggered the tabling of similar legislation in Canada. This chapter examines how stakeholders form a network of relationships referred to as the sports gaming nexus. The authors argue that sports gaming presents a paradox – sports gaming will increase revenues and fan engagement for many actors within the sports culture and economy, but will the benefits outweigh potential negative consequences? This question is examined from the active economy, network system perspective. This chapter is informed by current debates in more mature gaming markets such as the United Kingdom and France.
Improving Writing Skills in English as a Second Language (ESL) through Feedback, Revising and Multiple Draft Writing: An Action Research
Authors: Sandhya Fernando I. Heleen
Published: May 2021

The present study was an action research which attempted to develop writing skills through feedback, revising and multiple draft writing, notions drawn from process approach to teach writing. The sample included ten teacher trainees enrolled in Diploma in Primary Teacher Training Program at a private educational institute. A pre-test and informal interviews were used for need analysis and the take-home writing assignments and students’ reflective journals were used for data collection. The intervention was carried out for ten months which included ten take-home assignments which were to be revised based on peer feedback and teacher feedback which led to the production of at least three drafts before the submission of the final draft. The drafts were quantitatively analyzed using analytic rubrics. The comparison of the marks obtained for the first draft and the final draft of each of the ten assignments, the comparison of the marks obtained for the ten final drafts and the comparison of marks obtained for the pre-test and the post- test were made for the purpose of measuring the effectiveness of the intervention. There was gradual but significant improvement of the writing skill in all the writing learners. Accomplishment of the use of grammar, syntax and vocabulary were clearly shown. The development displayed in content also was satisfactory. The style of writing and organizational skills also recorded, though little, some achievement. The implication of the study is that training the writing learner in the use of revising and multiple draft writing based on feedback could be very effective in improving writing skills in ESL learners which will lead to the subsequent quality production of the students’ take-home assignments.
Information seeking process of graduate school teachers in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunasekera Chamani , Balasubramani R.
Published: May 2021

The main objective of this study is to examine information usage of information resources and information seeking process of school teachers’ when seeking information for their professional information needs. It investigates what resources are preferred by the teachers, how they initiate their searching strategy, process followed and how they locate necessary information required for teaching purposes. The study uses a mixed method approach, comprising questionnaire survey and focus groups discussions. The data collected through the questionnaires were mainly quantitative and were analysed using the SPSS (21.0) while the qualitative data from the focus groups discussions were analysed using content analysis strategy. For the quantitative approach, 318 school teachers were sampled in questionnaires survey where the descriptive statistics were used for analysis. It was shown that the internet, professional books, library and personal knowledge were the top four most preferred information sources used by the teachers. The study found that most of the teachers started their searching process by using the syllabus when starting new topic to teach and most of them initiate their searching strategy by using teacher’s guides, personal knowledge and study the syllabus. The findings further revealed that most of the teachers used school either IT lab or school library and book shop as place for locating information that required for teaching.
Senake Bandaranayake library classification system for archaeology (SBC)
Authors: Dilhani G.H. Inoka
Published: May 2021

Senake Bandaranayake library classification system is based on the Library collection of the Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology (PGIAR), University of Kelaniya. It was introduced by Emeritus Professor Senaka Bandaranaike in 1987. It has formulated its own classification system to suit the needs of a small to medium scale library. Archaeology is a multi-disciplinary subject. Therefore the use of a general classification system was problematic when organizing a specialized collection, such as archaeology. The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) are the most widely used classification systems in the world. It is observed that neither the DDC nor UDC is suitable to classify an archaeological collection of this nature. There is no other generally accepted scheme for a special collection such as archaeology. Therefore, Prof. Senake Bandaranayake has decided to formulate its own classification scheme to serve the needs. This classification system is designed mainly for the purpose of organizing a collection of archeology and related subjects, giving priority to Sri Lanka. This makes it easier for the reader to access the information they need. For over 30 years, this classification system has been used by the Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology to organize their library collection. However, this classification has not been discussed in the field of Library Science in Sri Lanka. The main objective of this article is to introduce the Senaka Bandaranayake classification system for archaeology and to get suggestions and ideas from the library community.
Systematic reviews: importance of assessing quality of studies in the review process and tools to be used
Authors: Perera Sriyani
Published: May 2021

Systematic Reviews (SRs) are considered as a useful tool to be adopted in the approaches of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Social Sciences & Humanities, and more widely in Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) in Healthcare. In these processes of EBM and EBP, where ‘informed decision making’ based on the ‘best evidence’ is the key factor, Systematic Reviews are found to be an important source of information. The methodology of conducting a systematic review, involves several steps where Assessing Quality of the studies that are selected to include in the review is one of the most important steps, as it is the vital element which determines the validity and the creditability of the end product or the conclusion of a systematic review. Therefore, in SRs where assessing quality is not included in the procedure, the validity of the findings of the SR will be questionable. The quality of a research study can be evaluated through various facts and measures. This paper attempts to emphasize on the importance of quality appraisal of the studies in a systematic review and identifies the tools /standards that could be used for the purpose in the SR process.
Usage of reference information resources in Senarath Paranavitharana public library, Badulla
Authors: Dharshani E.
Published: May 2021

In the existing era, there is a high demand and urgent need for access and availability of information. Information is the most important component of human life. The development and growth of an individual or a society is estimated by their level of information capacity. The study mainly aimed to identify the available reference resources in Badulla Senarath Paranavitharana Public Library with specific objectives such as to identify what are the reference resources have been used by the readers of this library, to rectify the users’ problems in the usage of the reference resources and also how to increase the usage of reference resources in the library. This study used a survey method to collect data and simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data and SPSS software was used for data analysis. Fifty questionnaires were distributed to users and forty five of them responded. The study revealed that, encyclopedias- dictionaries, Britannica atlas, Guinness book, year books are available in the reference section and the usage of these reference resource are low due to the unawareness of these materials. Further the study suggests to provide proper guidance and awareness to the users to increase the usage of reference resources through effective orientation programs, workshops and distributing handbills and newsletters to the public. Also library should give computer and internet facility to the users in reference section to access electronic reference resources.
Utilization of electronic resources of National Library by undergraduate students
Authors: Wijesundera Iromi Menaka
Published: May 2021

National Library of Sri Lanka insists with large collection of quantitatively and qualitatively. Most of users are visiting the National Library for their research work and study purpose. This study examines the utilization of electronic resources of National Library by undergraduate students. This study focused a sample of 100 undergraduate students from four universities and structured questionnaires were used to collect data form the undergraduate students. The study reveals that majority of university students unaware about electronic resources available in the National Library. However, most of them were aware, how to use various electronic resources for their academic activities. The study indicated that most of the students accessed search engines to get information and they do not have awareness in using OPAC of National Library. There for the study recommends that organizing awareness programmes, workshops, modernizing electronic library facilities through proper strategic planning and giving fast internet connectivity for the users will enhance the usage of electronic resources available in the National Library.
Factors influencing the job satisfaction of librarians of the public libraries in Northern Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Shanmugathasan S.
Published: May 2021

Job satisfaction is a pleasurable or positive emotional reaction to a person’s job experiences. Public librarians are the key officials in the public libraries. The objective of this research study was to ascertain the levels of job satisfaction and explore the major factors which influence job satisfaction of the Librarians of the Public Libraries in Northern Province. A questionnaire was distributed among 50 Librarians of the Public Libraries in Northern Province as a sample by using Stratified Random Sampling method and interviews were held to collect the data from the total population of 110. The response rate was 96%. Correlation and descriptive statistics have been used to analyze the data by using SPSS 25.0. The analysis finds that extrinsic factors (0.624) have strong positive and significant contributions, intrinsic factors (0.488) have moderate positive and significant contributions, and the performance factors (0.126) have low positive and significant contributions to the job satisfaction of the Librarians of the Public Libraries. Majority of the Librarians of the Public Libraries are highly satisfied with their pay as they are paid higher than the Management Officers in the government system. They are challenged with the delegation of authority, promotions, working condition and research and training opportunities. The Librarians of the Public Libraries complain that there is no regular transfer system and the efficiency bar exam is not held on time as stated in their service minutes. Actions should be taken to motivate the Librarians of the Public Libraries to involve in research activities and training programmes.
An evaluation of training programmes conducted by National Library and Documentation Services Board. (With special reference to programmes conducted in 2017)
Authors: Weerasinghe Saumya Sanjiwani
Published: May 2021

Significant functions of the National Library are conducting library related activities, educating national library personnel, offering training facilities for library professionals. This study was carried out to evaluate the training programmes conducted by National Library and 111 training programmes conducted in 2017 were selected for this purpose. Case study method was used for this research. Training programmes were analysed according to target group, contents, geographical location and duration of training programme sessions. Primary sources, observation and interviews were used to collect data for the study.
The Organizing of Philosophical curriculum texts based on Dewey decimal classification System- An analytical study
Authors: Visakaruban M. , Poologanathan P.
Published: May 2021

Libraries focus on collecting and streamlining their own information sources. It can be used properly only through the neat arrangement of library information sources. Libraries are difficult to use because information sources are not properly analyzed. Edition 23 of the Dewey Decimal Classification is mostly used in eastern countries such as Sri Lanka, despite the fact that a number of instrumental texts on the organization of information sources in libraries are in use. In the Dewey decimal classification, numbers 000 - 999 are used as notations for each subject. Philosophical syllabus texts are explained in this way in notations 100-199. Thus some ambiguity is found in the analysis of Philosophical texts from 100-199 in Dewey Decimal Classification. In particular, DDC 23 edition is designed to be flexible enough to be shelved from one location to another. Therefore, this study reveals such ambiguous situations and makes it clear that the reader can get the enough benefit by shelving such information sources anywhere in the library. The analytical method, descriptive method and comparative method are used for this study and all the data required for this study are obtained as primary and secondary data and the analysis is designed.
MicroRNA-142 Critically Regulates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Homeostasis and Function
Authors: Roberts Luke B. , Jowett Geraldine M. , Read Emily , Zabinski Tomas , Berkachy Rita , Selkirk Murray E. , Jackson Ian , Niazi Umar , Anandagoda Nelomi , Araki Masatake , Araki Kimi , Kasturiarachchi Jagath , James Chela , Enver Tariq , Nimmo Rachael , Reis Rita , Howard Jane K. , Neves Joana F. , Lord Graham M.
Published: May 2021

Innate lymphoid cells are central to the regulation of immunity at mucosal barrier sites, with group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) being particularly important in type 2 immunity. In this study, we demonstrate that microRNA(miR)-142 plays a critical, cell-intrinsic role in the homeostasis and function of ILC2s. Mice deficient for miR-142 expression demonstrate an ILC2 progenitor–biased development in the bone marrow, and along with peripheral ILC2s at mucosal sites, these cells display a greatly altered phenotype based on surface marker expression. ILC2 proliferative and effector functions are severely dysfunctional following Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection, revealing a critical role for miR-142 isoforms in ILC2-mediated immune responses. Mechanistically, Socs1 and Gfi1 expression are regulated by miR-142 isoforms in ILC2s, impacting ILC2 phenotypes as well as the proliferative and effector capacity of these cells. The identification of these novel pathways opens potential new avenues to modulate ILC2-dependent immune functions.
Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Authors: Sandor Adam M. , Sturdivant Michael S. , Ting Jenny P. Y.
Published: May 2021

Seasonal influenza and the current COVID-19 pandemic represent looming global health challenges. Efficacious and safe vaccines remain the frontline tools for mitigating both influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–induced diseases. This review will discuss the existing strategies for influenza vaccines and how these strategies have informed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. It will also discuss new vaccine platforms and potential challenges for both viruses.
Anteroposterior Stability
Authors: Ganapathy V S. , James Tittu T. , Philip Mariamma , Kamble Nitish , Bhattacharya Amitabh , Dhargave Pradnya , Pal Pramod Kumar
Published: May 2021

Background:

Establishing an association between gait variability and direction specific balance indices may help in identifying the risk of falls in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) which may help in developing an appropriate intervention. This study is intended to identify the association between balance and gait parameters especially gait variability in these patients.

Methods:

Patients with genetically confirmed SCA (n = 24) as well as controls (n = 24) who met the study criteria were recruited. Gait was assessed using the GAITRite system and balance was assessed using dynamic posturography (Biodex) to record direction-specific dynamic balance indices. Disease severity was assessed using international cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS).

Results:

The mean age of the SCA group (38.83 ± 13.03 years) and the control group (36.38 ± 9.09 years) were comparable. The age of onset of illness was 32 ± 10.62 years and duration of 5.67 ± 3.62 years. The mean ICARS was 45.10 ± 16.75. There was a significant difference in the overall balance index (OBI), anterior–posterior index (API), medial/lateral index (MLI) between SCA patients (4.56 ± 2.09, 3.49 ± 1.88, 2.94 ± 1.32) and the controls (2.72 ± 1.25, 2.08 ± 0.85, 1.85 ± 0.97). However, correlation was observed only between gait stability and balance parameters in API direction.

Conclusions:

There was an increased anteroposterior oriented balance deficit in patients with SCA, which was significantly correlating with the gait parameters. The balance training intervention may focus on improving anteroposterior direction to prevent falls and improving walking efficiency.
Myoclonus- A Review
Authors: Chandarana Mitesh , Saraf Udit , Divya K.P. , Krishnan Syam , Kishore Asha
Published: May 2021

Myoclonus is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by a sudden, brief, involuntary jerk. Positive myoclonus is caused by abrupt muscle contractions, while negative myoclonus by sudden cessation of ongoing muscular contractions. Myoclonus can be classified in various ways according to body distribution, relation to activity, neurophysiology, and etiology. The neurophysiological classification of myoclonus by means of electrophysiological tests is helpful in guiding the best therapeutic strategy. Given the diverse etiologies of myoclonus, a thorough history and detailed physical examination are key to the evaluation of myoclonus. These along with basic laboratory testing and neurophysiological studies help in narrowing down the clinical possibilities. Though symptomatic treatment is required in the majority of cases, treatment of the underlying etiology should be the primary aim whenever possible. Symptomatic treatment is often not satisfactory, and a combination of different drugs is often required to control the myoclonus. This review addresses the etiology, classification, clinical approach, and management of myoclonus.
LMNB1 Duplication-Mediated Autosomal Dominant Adult-Onset Leukodystrophy in an Indian Family
Authors: Bijarnia-Mahay Sunita , Roy Gaurav , Padiath Quasar S. , Saxena Renu , Verma Ishwar Chander
Published: May 2021

Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy is an adult onset neurodegenerative disorder presenting with progressive symptoms of ataxia and autonomic dysfunction in fourth or fifth decade in life. It has clinical similarity with multiple sclerosis, but shows characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings of diffuse bilaterally symmetrical leukodystrophy which can distinguish this disorder. It is a rare disorder with no known treatment till date, and has never been described from the Indian subcontinent. We present an Indian family with autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy with multiple members affected over four generations, and demonstrate a cheap and accurate molecular method of real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the LMNB1 gene duplication, which is the genetic basis of this devastating disorder.
Primary Writing Tremor
Authors: Datta Abhigyan , Batra Nitya , Pandey Sanjay
Published: May 2021

Primary Writing Tremor (PWT) is a type of task specific tremor which happens only while writing (Type A PWT) or assuming a writing position of the hand (Type B PWT). There is a considerable overlap of clinical features between PWT and writer's cramp which creates difficulty in diagnosing this condition in the clinic. PWT usually affects the dominant hand and is typically 5-7hz in frequency, worsened by anxiety, temporarily relieved by alcohol and associated with reduced writing speeds. There are a variety of hypotheses about the phenomenology of PWT (regarding whether it is a variant of essential tremor, focal dystonia or an independent entity). Unlike writer's cramp, PWT shows normal reciprocal inhibition of H reflex, does not exhibit excessive EMG activity in proximal muscles, and on fMRI shows underactivation of cingulum and overactivation of primary motor and supplementary areas. There are no randomised controlled trials currently for the treatment of PWT. Treatment modalities available are: medical treatment, botulinum toxin, surgical management (including DBS) as well as adaptive strategies and occupational therapy.