bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual Function of Patients with Deep Endometriosis after Surgical Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cervantes Graziele Vidoto , Ribeiro Paulo Augusto Ayroza Galvão , Tomasi Mariana Carpenedo , Farah Daniela , Ribeiro Helizabet Salomão Abdalla Ayroza
Published: November 2023

Objective To review the current state of knowledge on the impact of the surgical treatment on the sexual function and dyspareunia of deep endometriosis patients.

Data Source A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. We conducted systematic searches in the PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science databases from inception until December 2022. The eligibility criteria were studies including: preoperative and postoperative comparative analyses; patients with a diagnosis of deep endometriosis; and questionnaires to measure sexual quality of life.

Study Selection Two reviewers screened and reviewed 1,100 full-text articles to analyze sexual function after the surgical treatment for deep endometriosis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for randomized controlled trials. The present study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration CRD42021289742).

Data Collection General variables about the studies, the surgical technique, complementary treatments, and questionnaires were inserted in an Microsoft Excel 2010 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, United States) spreadsheet.

Synthesis of Data We included 20 studies in which the videolaparoscopy technique was used for the excision of deep infiltrating endometriosis. A meta-analysis could not be performed due to the substantial heterogeneity among the studies. Classes III and IV of the revised American Fertility Society classification were predominant and multiple surgical techniques for the treatment of endometriosis were performed. Standardized and validated questionnaires were applied to evaluate sexual function.

Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery is a complex procedure that involves multiple organs, and it has been proved to be effective in improving sexual function and dyspareunia in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis.
Effect of Lubricant Use on Cervicovaginal Cytology – What's the Evidence?
Authors: Santos Diana Magalhães dos , Matos Maria Beatriz Freire Oliveira Coelho de , Sousa Ana Raquel Borges , Fertusinhos Francisco Correia de Almeida , Pendás Rosa Maria Couceiro
Published: November 2023

Objective To determine if the use of lubricating gel on the speculum during the cervicovaginal cytology examination interferes with the results obtained, as well as whether it reduces reported discomfort in patients.

Data sources A systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, with a search in the Pubmed/Medline, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Embase databases of articles published between January 2011 and May 2022. The keywords used were cytology, speculum, lubricant, result, and pain.

Selection of studies The initial search resulted in 306 articles, of which were excluded three because they were duplicates, 257 after reading the title and abstract and 41 after reading the full text. Thus, five articles were selected for the study: four randomized clinical trials and one metanalysis.

Data collection The selection of articles was performed by two investigators. The 5 selected articles were read in full and submitted to a comparative analysis.

Data synthesis Screening through cervicovaginal cytology allows for early diagnosis and reduction of associated mortality, but the procedure can be associated with pain. A small amount of aqueous lubricating gel in the speculum can be used to reduce the discomfort associated with performing cervicovaginal cytology.

Conclusion The use of lubricating gel in the speculum does not seem to be associated with a change in the cytology result and reduces the discomfort associated with its insertion into the vagina.
Endometrial Progesterone and Estrogen Receptors in Relation to Hormonal Levels in Women with Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage
Authors: Gomaa Ihab Adel , Sabry Ahmed , Allam Ihab Serag El-Din , Ashoush Sherif , Reda Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Objective Recurrent miscarriage has been linked to hormonal disturbance due to dysregulation of its receptors rather than to the availability of the hormone. We aimed to investigate endometrial expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors in relation to serum and endometrial hormonal levels in unexplained recurrent miscarriage.

Methods The present case control study included 20 cases with unexplained recurrent miscarriage and 20 parous women as controls. Ovulation was confirmed using an ovulation kit and 10 to 12 days after detecting the urinary luteinizing hormone surge, all women were subjected to a blood sample and to an endometrial biopsy. Progesterone and estrogen levels were measured in serum and in endometrial tissue and receptor concentrations were in the endometrial sample.

Results Women with recurrent miscarriage showed significantly lower concentration of receptors in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of endometrial tissue compared with controls. The nuclear/cytoplasm ratio of progesterone receptor was significantly higher in cases compared with controls, implicating that recurrent miscarriage is probably linked to nongenomic activity of the hormone; this was also significant for estrogen receptor. Serum progesterone and estrogen hormonal levels were comparable between groups while both hormones were significantly reduced in the endometrium of recurrent miscarriage cases. Receptors significantly correlated with endometrial hormonal level but not to serum level.

Conclusion Recurrent miscarriage might be linked to reduced endometrial progesterone and estrogen receptors and appears to be more related to nongenomic activity of progesterone. Endometrial receptors expression correlates to tissue hormonal level rather than to serum hormonal level.
Common Pediatric Hand Anomalies
Authors: McCarter Jacob H. , Zeledon Ricardo A. , Cole Samuel H. , Layon Sarah A. , Nguyen Jenny Lee
Published: November 2023

Upper extremity congenital anomalies in the newborn are second only to congenital heart anomalies. Some of the more commonly encountered upper extremity anomalies are trigger thumb, thumb hypoplasia, polydactyly, syndactyly, and amniotic band syndrome. While some conditions occur in isolation, others are known to commonly occur in association with syndromes. Familiarity with these conditions is important not only to provide adequate evaluation and workup of these patients but also to deliver appropriate surgical intervention and prepare parents with appropriate expectations. In this article, we outline the etiology, classification, surgical management, and outcomes of these five commonly encountered upper extremity congenital anomalies.
“P6LAND”: An Educational Tool for Free Flaps
Authors: Ziolkowski Natalia , Haykal Siba
Published: November 2023

Background Microsurgical education requires both technical skill and didactic knowledge. Learners are frequently asked to describe free flaps and their knowledge tested in clinical work and during exams.

Methods We have created an educational tool that will aid learners in remembering important information related to flaps.

Results “P6LAND” which divides and organizes information into three parts: Preoperative considerations, Pedicle, Position, LANDmarks, Plane of dissection, Protection and Postoperative considerations.

Conclusion The aim of this paper is to further describe this educational tool and to provide a compendium for the most common fasciocutaneous, muscle, perforator, and bone flaps based on the literature. This tool was also prevalidated among a group of learners.
Genetic switching by the Lac repressor is based on two-state Monod–Wyman–Changeux allostery
Authors: Romanuka Julija , Folkers Gert E. , Gnida Manuel , Kovačič Lidija , Wienk Hans , Kaptein Robert , Boelens Rolf
Published: November 2023

High-resolution NMR spectroscopy enabled us to characterize allosteric transitions between various functional states of the dimeric
Escherichia coli
Lac repressor. In the absence of ligands, the dimer exists in a dynamic equilibrium between DNA-bound and inducer-bound conformations. Binding of either effector shifts this equilibrium toward either bound state. Analysis of the ternary complex between repressor, operator DNA, and inducer shows how adding the inducer results in allosteric changes that disrupt the interdomain contacts between the inducer binding and DNA binding domains and how this in turn leads to destabilization of the hinge helices and release of the Lac repressor from the operator. Based on our data, the allosteric mechanism of the induction process is in full agreement with the well-known Monod–Wyman–Changeux model.
Cultural mediation in crisis translation
Authors: Zhang Shuyin , Zhuang Yingyi , Chang Liwen
Published: November 2023

This article presents a snapshot of citizen translators as cultural mediators in public services settings by
investigating their role in multicultural communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how they attempted to resolve potential
conflicts in a crisis situation. The study, which focuses on university communities in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China, is one
of the rare cases examining community translation and interpreting in a non-immigrant country where non-Chinese speakers are in a
linguistically weaker position. The role of citizen translators in cultural mediation is outlined by recontextualizing mediation
through interview-based qualitative research. During times of crisis, citizen translators arguably go beyond linguistic mediation
and resolve conflicts by assuming extra duties and social responsibilities to ensure equal access to public services in
multicultural communities, thus contributing to the emotional stability of the community and the smooth delivery of information on
anti-epidemic measures.
Behavioural Issues in Horses Working in Human Mental Healthcare Services
Authors: Schroeder Katy
Published: November 2023

Horses commonly engage in physical contact with their conspecifics through mutual grooming, which serves several important functions for social communication and comfort. However, horses may react differently to social contact with humans. When such contact is unwanted, horses may display calming, displacement, or more significant stress-related behaviours. This can impact their welfare while simultaneously posing safety risks for the humans involved. Understanding and addressing horse behaviour during interactions with humans is critical across the equestrian industry, and particularly when horse-human interactions are incorporated into human healthcare and educational services. This hypothetical case study explores a horse’s negative behavioural changes in response to grooming activities used in a substance use treatment programme for adolescents. The case concludes with a description of strategies for pinpointing the underlying reasons for the horse’s behaviours and proposed courses of action to enhance the horse’s overall experience of human contact. This case underscores the complexity of horse-human interactions, emphasizing the need for behavioural assessment as an essential tool for improving horse welfare within the realm of animal-assisted interventions.

Information

© The Author 2023
A theory of the spin-crossover phenomena in the rare earth perovskite LaCoO3 induced by temperature or a magnetic field
Authors: Katsumata K , Lovesey S W
Published: November 2023

Published magnetic data for LaCoO3 are successfully analyzed with coexisting 5
D and low-spin (LS) cobalt states. Energy levels of the two states are derived in analytic forms. To this end, fictitious orbital angular momentum
l
of magnitude one defines the Γ5 (5
D) state. Our Hamiltonian includes the spin–orbit interaction, and a cubic crystal field embellished by a trigonal distortion

9

B

2

0

(

l

z

2

−
2

/

3
)
−
80

B

4

0

(

l

z

2

−
9

/

10
)

. A singlet ground state with an energy gap to the first excited doublet is realized for certain values of the parameters. The temperature-independent paramagnetic susceptibility (TIPS) of the 5
D state has a finite value, which accords with the observation. Whereas, TIPS is symmetry forbidden in the LS state. A rigorous calculation is made of the excitation spectrum in the LS state. The elementary excitation is modeled as a creation of an electron–hole pair that results in an energy level scheme in which the first excited quartet lies above the singlet ground state. The electron spin resonance data are successfully equated with transitions within the excited quartet. Available magnetization data delineate parameters in the 5
D Hamiltonian. The temperature dependence of the susceptibility of our coexisting model is qualitatively reasonable. To improve on a quantitative outcome, we are led to introduce a temperature dependent concentration for the 5
D and LS states. Calculated Bragg diffraction patterns gathered with x-rays tuned to the Co K-edge reveal potential to refine the current crystal structure and to shed light on the origin of the coexisting states.
Insights into the copper HiPIMS discharge: deposition rate and ionised flux fraction
Authors: Fischer J , Renner M , Gudmundsson J T , Rudolph M , Hajihoseini H , Brenning N , Lundin D
Published: November 2023

The influence of pulse length, working gas pressure, and peak discharge current density on the deposition rate and ionised flux fraction in high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharges of copper is investigated experimentally using a charge-selective (electrically biasable) magnetically shielded quartz crystal microbalance (or ionmeter). The large explored parameter space covers both common process conditions and extreme cases. The measured ionised flux fraction for copper is found to be in the range from ≈10% to 80%, and to increase with increasing peak discharge current density up to a maximum at

≈

1.25

A

cm

−
2

, before abruptly falling off at even higher current density values. Low working gas pressure is shown to be beneficial in terms of both ionised flux fraction and deposition rate fraction. For example, decreasing the working gas pressure from 1.0 Pa to 0.5 Pa leads on average to an increase of the ionised flux fraction by

≈

14

 percentage points (pp) and of the deposition rate fraction by

≈

4

pp

taking into account all the investigated pulse lengths.
Influence of the gas–liquid non-equilibrium media structure on the mass transfer dynamics in biophysical processes
Authors: Nizovtseva Irina G , Starodumov Ilya O , Lezhnin Sergey I , Mikushin Pavel V , Zagoruiko Andrey N , Shabadrov Pavel A , Svitich Vladislav Ye , Vikharev Sergey V , Tatarintsev Vitalii V , Nikishina Margarita A , Ye Koroznikova Irina , Ye Glebova Alexandra , Mityashin Timofey V , Jingyan Yang , Chernushkin Dmitrii V
Published: November 2023

Multiphase biophysical media are known to be complex structures with continuous high demand to the scientific community for understanding the relationships and ratios between factors affecting the type, dynamics and nature of its structural changes on their impact degree on the media itself. Among the plentiful list of such factors the following do worth mentioning: the lifetime of a particle, turbulence factors and a number of others, each requiring careful analysis, assessment of the contribution degree and, importantly, correct accounting. The present study is focused on such a factor affecting mass transfer intensity change as surface tension through its relationship with the interfacial area: the latter is the site of mass exchange between the gas and liquid phases, and modifications in surface tension values can significantly impact the characteristics of this area, hence altering the rate of mass transfer. By controlling surface tension, one can effectively modulate the size and stability of particles, namely bubbles or droplets, which in turn changes the interfacial area available for mass transfer. The total interfacial area, which is the cumulative surface area of all bubbles, serves as the site for mass transfer. The impact of the surface tension coefficient variation into gas–liquid mass transfer characteristics is analyzed both for the case of water and model liquid. The latter means the potential contribution of surface-active substances was a part of research scope since it was applied to recreate conditions similar to the cultural liquid when microorganisms that produce surfactants are grown. The proposed new methodology assumes calculating interfacial area through the segmentation of images captured by a high-speed camera, thus we can gain a profoundly enhanced understanding of the relationship between surface tension and mass transfer. The precise visual data and subsequent computation of the interfacial area provide deeper insights into the dynamics of bubble formation and the effects of surface tension on bubble size and distribution. As a result, this method has significantly improved our capacity to investigate and optimize mass transfer processes in multiphase biophysical systems. Both analytical approach and results interpretation not only influence affirmatively on deep understanding of natural mechanisms in biophysical media, but also might serve their best for potential application, e.g. in the context of the development of biotechnological industries based on fermentation processes for protein production.
A quantum ticking self-oscillator using delayed feedback
Authors: Liu Y , Munro W J , Twamley J
Published: November 2023

Self-sustained oscillators (SSOs) is a commonly used method to generate classical clock signals and SSOs using delayed feedback have been developed commercially which possess ultra-low phase noise and drift. Research into the development of quantum self-oscillation, where one can also have a periodic and regular output tick, that can be used to control quantum and classical devices has received much interest and quantum SSOs so far studied suffer from phase diffusion which leads to the smearing out of the quantum oscillator over the entire limit cycle in phase space seriously degrading the system’s ability to perform as a self-oscillation. In this paper, we explore quantum versions of time-delayed SSOs, which has the potentials to develop a ticking quantum clock. We first design a linear quantum SSO which exhibits perfect oscillation without phase diffusion. We then explore a nonlinear delayed quantum SSO but find it exhibits dephasing similar to previously studied non-delayed systems.
Moisture content online measurement in the sludge by ultrasonic reflection method
Authors: Fan Jinhui , Wang Fei , Lv Guojun , Cui Haibin , Wang Wenyuan
Published: November 2023

Moisture content is an important parameter of solid waste degradation in landfill. The traditional gravimetric method used for determining the moisture content of sludge is very time-consuming and cannot achieve online measurement of sludge moisture content. This paper proposes an ultrasonic reflection method to measure the moisture content of sludge on-line, the sludge only needs to be dried once, and then the online measurement can be realized. The specific process is as follows: by analyzing the ultrasonic characteristic parameter under different moisture content, the quantitative relationship between them can be obtained, and then the sludge moisture content can be deduced by the ultrasonic characteristic parameter. In this paper, the relationship between the ultrasonic characteristic parameter of the three sludge and the moisture content was analyzed, and the quantitative relationship was determined. The sludge moisture content calculated by this method is very close to the actual value. This method provides a new research idea for the online measurement of sludge moisture content.
Reverse-degree-based topological indices of two-dimensional coronene fractal structures
Authors: Khabyah Ali , Ahmad Ali , Azeem Muhammad , Ahmad Yasir , Koam Ali N A
Published: November 2023

Researchers are still drawn to research the physical molecular and chemical structure of benzenoid hydrocarbons, unsaturated, fully conjugated compounds with hexagonal arrangements that exhibit remarkable features in relation to aromaticity. For chemical graphs in many dimensions, structures, or networks, topological indices or numerical descriptors have been employed for decades to link key physicochemical parameters with crucial molecular structural features including melting, boiling point, enthalpy, and cyclicity. For this work, the inverse degrees of the molecular or chemical structure or graphs being studied are used to calculate the reverse-degree-based topological indices. In molecular graph theory, reverse-degree-based topological descriptors are a relatively new method for analyzing chemical networks and structures. In this study, we suggest a reverse-degree-based topological representation. We computed particular types of descriptors of two-dimensional (2-D) coronene fractal formations with a variety of reverse-degree-based topological indices, such as the reverse-degree-based topological index of the first, second, and hyper Zagreb, forgotten, geometric arithmetic, atom-bond-connectivity, and the Randic index.
DESI luminous red galaxy samples for cross-correlations
Authors: Zhou Rongpu , Ferraro Simone , White Martin , DeRose Joseph , Sailer Noah , Aguilar Jessica , Ahlen Steven , Bailey Stephen , Brooks David , Claybaugh Todd , Dawson Kyle , de la Macorra Axel , Dey Biprateep , Doel Peter , Font-Ribera Andreu , Forero-Romero Jaime E. , Gontcho A Gontcho Satya , Guy Julien , Kremin Anthony , Lambert Andrew , Le Guillou Laurent , Levi Michael , Magneville Christophe , Manera Marc , Meisner Aaron , Miquel Ramon , Moustakas John , Myers Adam D. , Newman Jeffrey A. , Nie Jundan , Percival Will , Rezaie Mehdi , Rossi Graziano , Sanchez Eusebio , Schlegel David , Schubnell Michael , Seo Hee-Jong , Tarlé Gregory , Zhou Zhimin
Published: November 2023

We present two galaxy samples, selected from DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (LS) DR9, with approximately 20,000 square degrees of coverage and spectroscopic redshift distributions designed for cross-correlations such as with CMB lensing, galaxy lensing, and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. The first sample is identical to the DESI Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) sample, and the second sample is an extended LRG sample with 2–3 times the DESI LRG density. We present the improved photometric redshifts, tomographic binning and their spectroscopic redshift distributions and imaging systematics weights, and magnification bias coefficients. The catalogs and related data products will be made publicly available. The cosmological constraints using this sample and Planck lensing maps are presented in a companion paper. We also make public the new set of general-purpose photometric redshifts trained using DESI spectroscopic redshifts, which are used in this work, for all galaxies in LS DR9.
Correlated-photon-pair generation via SFWM in tapered optical fibers with femtosecond laser pump
Authors: Shmakova A L , Latypov I Z , Kalachev A A
Published: November 2023

Spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in optical micro-/nanofibers is studied theoretically and experimentally. Joint spectral intensity of the biphoton field generated via SFWM under excitation of femtosecond laser pulses is measured and calculated considering self-phase modulation of the pump pulses and SFWM throughout the tapered fibers. In comparison with the previous study (Shukhin et al 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 053822), replacing picosecond pump by a femtosecond one with the same average power makes it possible to increase the photon pair generation rate tenfold.
Multimodal subspace identification for modeling discrete-continuous spiking and field potential population activity
Authors: Ahmadipour Parima , Sani Omid G , Pesaran Bijan , Shanechi Maryam M
Published: November 2023

Objective. Learning dynamical latent state models for multimodal spiking and field potential activity can reveal their collective low-dimensional dynamics and enable better decoding of behavior through multimodal fusion. Toward this goal, developing unsupervised learning methods that are computationally efficient is important, especially for real-time learning applications such as brain–machine interfaces (BMIs). However, efficient learning remains elusive for multimodal spike-field data due to their heterogeneous discrete-continuous distributions and different timescales. Approach. Here, we develop a multiscale subspace identification (multiscale SID) algorithm that enables computationally efficient learning for modeling and dimensionality reduction for multimodal discrete-continuous spike-field data. We describe the spike-field activity as combined Poisson and Gaussian observations, for which we derive a new analytical SID method. Importantly, we also introduce a novel constrained optimization approach to learn valid noise statistics, which is critical for multimodal statistical inference of the latent state, neural activity, and behavior. We validate the method using numerical simulations and with spiking and local field potential population activity recorded during a naturalistic reach and grasp behavior. Main results. We find that multiscale SID accurately learned dynamical models of spike-field signals and extracted low-dimensional dynamics from these multimodal signals. Further, it fused multimodal information, thus better identifying the dynamical modes and predicting behavior compared to using a single modality. Finally, compared to existing multiscale expectation-maximization learning for Poisson–Gaussian observations, multiscale SID had a much lower training time while being better in identifying the dynamical modes and having a better or similar accuracy in predicting neural activity and behavior. Significance. Overall, multiscale SID is an accurate learning method that is particularly beneficial when efficient learning is of interest, such as for online adaptive BMIs to track non-stationary dynamics or for reducing offline training time in neuroscience investigations.
Neural network identification of the weakly coherent mode in I-mode discharge on EAST
Authors: Yang K.N. , Liu Z.X. , Liu J. , Long F.F. , Xia T.Y. , Gao X. , Liu Y.J. , Li J.Y. , Li P.C. , Deng C.C. , Yin X.Y. , Li H. , Xie J.L. , Lan T. , Mao W.Z. , Liu A.D. , Zhou C. , Ding W.X. , Zhuang G. , Liu W.D. ,   the EAST Team
Published: November 2023

The improved energy confinement mode (I-mode) is widely considered as an important operation regime for ITER. I-mode implementation depends on the specified basic plasma parameters and certain operation conditions, which are discovered by statistical plasma characteristics from a large number of I-mode discharges on a tokamak. The extraction process of I-mode plasma characteristics is complicated, time-consuming, and limited to the sampling rate of the measured signals. Experimental observation of the I-mode is accompanied by the appearance of a weakly coherent mode (WCM). However, it takes much time to accurately scan and quantify WCM characteristics when analyzing many I-mode discharges. Recently, a neural network identification method was developed as an I-mode detector to traverse a whole database as a replacement for manual identification. Two fully connected neural network models were trained with the spectrum of propagation velocity of density perturbation from Doppler backward scattering and the electron density measured by a polarimeter-interferometer system with the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak I-mode database. An accuracy of 98.30% in identifying WCMs in I-mode discharges is achieved with the WCM classification model. In addition, the regime classification model was also utilized to successfully distinguish between the low confinement mode (L-mode), I-mode, and high confinement mode (H-mode) with 96.03% accuracy. Finally, ablation experiments were performed on the regime classifiers, showing that there is potential for further performance improvement with future use of RNN model.
Background studies and normalization of signal events in the Mu2e experiment
Authors: Rachamin R. , Di Falco S. , Ferrari A. , Giusti V. , Müller S. , Pronskikh V. ,   the Mu2e collaboration
Published: November 2023

The Mu2e experiment is currently being constructed at Fermilab to search for the
neutrino-less conversion of negative muons into electrons in the field of an aluminum nucleus. The
experiment aims at a sensitivity of four orders of magnitude higher than previous related
experiments, which implies highly demanding accuracy requirements both in the design and during
the operation. To achieve such a goal, two important tasks should be accomplished. First, it is
essential to estimate precisely the particle yields and all the backgrounds that could mimic the
monoenergetic conversion electron signal. Second, it is necessary to normalize the signal events
accurately. The normalization of the signal events is planned to be done using a detector system
made of an HPGe detector and a Lanthanum Bromide detector, which will measure the rate of muons
stopped on the aluminum target by looking at the emitted characteristic X-and γ-rays of
energies up to 1809 keV. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the detector system's performance
before the start of the actual experiment. In this study, the first task was addressed by an
extensive campaign of Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the relevant parameters and their
impact on the experiment's sensitivity. The second task was handled by taking advantage of the
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) pulsed Bremsstrahlung photon beam at the ELBE
facility. The detector system was tested at the ELBE facility under timing and background
conditions similar to the ones expected at the Mu2e experiment. The study presents and discusses
the simulation results and the detector system testing campaign.
Hingeless arm for space robotics actuated through shape memory alloys
Authors: Biasutti Tiziana , Rigamonti Daniela , Casciaro Emanuele , Grande Antonio Mattia , Bettini Paolo
Published: November 2023

Operating outside the spacecraft via remotely controlled structures is an important opportunity in different space applications. The research in this area is focused on designing robots that are sufficiently flexible to allow inspection in locations where access is difficult or impossible for astronauts, while minimizing weight and bulk. The purpose of the research is to design a borescope for space applications with no hinges or other mechanisms, exploiting biomimetic design concepts. This is pursued by giving to the borescope a backbone exoskeleton provided by a continuous structure made of fibre reinforced composite material and using NiTi wires as tendons, taking advantage of their low weight and dimensions, which allow them to be embedded between the composite layers during the lamination process. After a study of the state of the art of flexible structures, concentrated in the medical and robotic fields, the research work unfolded in two phases. In the first design phase, several composite layup solutions were considered and analysed using finite element models, leading to the definition of the borescope geometrical parameters and to an initial estimate of the displacements that can be achieved. In the second experimental phase, seven prototypes were produced and tested, with one or more wires, to validate the design and to search for a configuration that can be actuated in different directions. The borescope prototypes resulted flexible enough to achieve an extended degree of bending and at the same time sufficiently rigid to allow complete rearm of the NiTi wires. The numerical and experimental study led to the definition of the design parameters, the number of wires, and the manufacturing technique to integrate NiTi actuators.
Nontrivial solutions for homogeneous linear equations over some non-quotient hyperfields
Authors: Hobby David , Jun Jaiung
Published: November 2023

We introduce a class of hyperfields which includes several constructions of non-quotient hyperfields. We then use it to partially answer a question posed by M. Baker and T. Zhang: Does a system of homogeneous linear equations with more unknowns than equations always have a nonzero solution? We also consider a class of hyperfields that was claimed in the literature to be non-quotient, and show that this is false.
CDK11 facilitates centromeric transcription to maintain centromeric cohesion during mitosis
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Yujue , Teng Zhen , Lin Zhen , Liu Hong
Published: November 2023

Actively-transcribing RNA polymerase (RNAP)II is remained on centromeres to maintain centromeric cohesion during mitosis, although it is largely released from chromosome arms. This pool of RNAPII plays an important role in centromere functions. However, the mechanism of RNAPII retention on mitotic centromeres is poorly understood. We here demonstrate that Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)11 is involved in RNAPII regulation on mitotic centromeres. Consistently, we show that Cdk11 knockdown induces centromeric cohesion defects and decreases Bub1 on kinetochores, but the centromeric cohesion defects are partially attributed to Bub1. Furthermore, Cdk11 knockdown and the expression of its kinase-dead version significantly reduce both RNAPII and elongating RNAPII (pSer2) levels on centromeres and decrease centromeric transcription. Importantly, the overexpression of centromeric α-satellite RNAs fully rescues Cdk11-knockdown defects. These results suggest that the maintenance of centromeric cohesion requires Cdk11-facilitated centromeric transcription. Mechanistically, Cdk11 localizes on centromeres where it binds and phosphorylates RNAPII to promote transcription. Remarkably, mitosis-specific degradation of G2/M Cdk11-p58 recapitulates Cdk11-knockdown defects. Altogether, our findings establish Cdk11 as an important regulator of centromeric transcription and as part of the mechanism for retaining RNAPII on centromeres during mitosis.
Quaking isoforms cooperate to promote the mesenchymal phenotype
Authors: Neumann Daniel P. , Phillips Caroline A. , Lumb Rachael , Palethorpe Helen M. , Ramani Yesha , Hollier Brett G. , Selth Luke A. , Bracken Cameron P. , Goodall Gregory J. , Gregory Philip A.
Published: November 2023

The RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI) has widespread effects on mRNA regulation including alternative splicing, stability, translation, and localization of target mRNAs. Recently, QKI was found to be induced during epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), where it promotes a mesenchymal alternative splicing signature that contributes to the mesenchymal phenotype. QKI is itself alternatively spliced to produce three major isoforms, QKI-5, QKI-6, and QKI-7. While QKI-5 is primarily localized to the nucleus where it controls mesenchymal splicing during EMT, the functions of the two predominantly cytoplasmic isoforms, QKI-6 and QKI-7, in this context remain uncharacterized. Here we used CRISPR-mediated depletion of QKI in a human mammary epithelial cell model of EMT and studied the effects of expressing the QKI isoforms in isolation and in combination. QKI-5 was required to induce mesenchymal morphology, while combined expression of QKI-5 with either QKI-6 or QKI-7 further enhanced mesenchymal morphology and cell migration. In addition, we found that QKI-6 and QKI-7 can partially localize to the nucleus and contribute to alternative splicing of QKI target genes. These findings indicate that the QKI isoforms function in a dynamic and cooperative manner to promote the mesenchymal phenotype.
Small-molecule correctors divert CFTR-F508del from ERAD by stabilizing sequential folding states
Authors: Riepe Celeste , Wąchalska Magda , Deol Kirandeep K. , Amaya Anais K. , Porteus Matthew H. , Olzmann James A. , Kopito Ron R.
Published: November 2023

Over 80% of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) carry the F508del mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride ion channel at the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells. F508del impairs CFTR folding causing it to be destroyed by endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD). Small-molecule correctors, which act as pharmacological chaperones to divert CFTR-F508del from ERAD, are the primary strategy for treating CF, yet corrector development continues with only a rudimentary understanding of how ERAD targets CFTR-F508del. We conducted genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens to systematically identify the molecular machinery that underlies CFTR-F508del ERAD. Although the ER-resident ubiquitin ligase, RNF5 was the top E3 hit, knocking out RNF5 only modestly reduced CFTR-F508del degradation. Sublibrary screens in an RNF5 knockout background identified RNF185 as a redundant ligase and demonstrated that CFTR-F508del ERAD is robust. Gene-drug interaction experiments illustrated that correctors tezacaftor (VX-661) and elexacaftor (VX-445) stabilize sequential, RNF5-resistant folding states. We propose that binding of correctors to nascent CFTR-F508del alters its folding landscape by stabilizing folding states that are not substrates for RNF5-mediated ubiquitylation.
Exploring HPV as an Etiologic Factor for Breast Cancer
Authors: Ateek G N , Leon M , Hernandez Gonzalo D , Stewart B , Petty D
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Objective

Breast ducts communicate with skin, which can expose one to infectious agents. Recent studies demonstrate differences between breast microbiome in normal tissues versus tumor, suggesting a potential role in carcinogenesis. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the etiologic factor in numerous cancers, and studies suggest it may play a role in breast carcinoma. A recent case report identified an analogue to HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma in the breast. This sinonasal tumor, closely associated with HPV type 33, consists of adenoid cystic-like morphology, basaloid and/or squamous cytology and multi-lineage differentiation (ductal and myoepithelial). Our aim was to determine if HPV is a driver of breast carcinomas with the outlined phenotype by testing with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 and in-situ hybridization (ISH) for High Risk HPV (HR-HPV) E6/E7 mRNA.

Methods/Case Report

Breast cases from 2010- June 2022 were searched with the terms “adenoid cystic,” “myoepithelial differentiation,” or “basaloid.” Cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma with a diagnostic fusion were excluded. Those with basaloid and/or squamous morphologic features containing ductal and myoepithelial differentiation proven by IHC were included. Nine identified cases were submitted for p16 IHC and HR-HPV ISH.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

Patients ranged in age from 50 to 85. No cases resulted with positive HR-HPV, however all cases displayed staining for p16. All cases with benign breast tissue (6/9) exhibited some p16 positivity within luminal and myoepithelial cells.

Conclusion

HR-HPV ISH is a sensitive test; however, no cases were positive. Most tumors and benign breast expressed p16 in some form. p16 in basal-like breast cancer has been described, but only 3/7 cases with biomarkers were triple negative. Accordingly, p16 is not a reliable screening tool if detection of HPV becomes clinically relevant in the future. In this series, the phenotypic features assessed do not appear to be consistent harbingers of HPV infection. More studies are needed to assess the breast microbiome and oncogenic organisms to identify potential new therapeutic targets.
Developing a Novel Non-invasive Serum-based Diagnostic Test for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Addissouky T A , El Agroudy A E , Khalil A A
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Objective

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common cancer worldwide, and early detection is vital for successful treatment and improved outcomes. Current screening methods such as colonoscopy, fecal occult blood tests, and stool DNA tests have limitations such as patient discomfort, cost, and low sensitivity and specificity most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. Early detection remains a crucial factor in reducing the burden of CRC. Currently, the gold standard for CRC diagnosis is colonoscopy, but it may not be feasible for widespread screening due to its invasiveness, cost, and patient compliance issues. Therefore, there is a great need to identify reliable biomarkers that can detect CRC at an early stage. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of updated novel biomarkers for early detection of CRC.

Methods/Case Report

This study was conducted on 158 patients with suspected or confirmed CRC. The study population included patients of both genders, aged above 18 years, and with a history of CRC or other relevant risk factors. Blood samples were collected from all included patients, and the biomarkers (CTCS, miRNAs, ctDNA, and Methylated DNA markers ) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Novel biomarkers compared their diagnostic performance with existing biomarkers such as fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs), fecal immunochemical tests (FITs), and CEA.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

The studied biomarkers (CTCs, microRNAs, ctDNA, and Methylated DNA markers) have high sensitivity from 78.8 % to 96.72% and accuracy from 83.76% to 94.83% as well as their cut-off which approved the objective of this study. Overall, these novel biomarkers show promise for early detection of colorectal cancer and may improve screening and early detection efforts.

Conclusion

The evaluation of the studied biomarkers (Circulating Tumor Cells, microRNAs, Circulating tumor DNA, and Methylated DNA markers) for early detection of CRC has substantial clinical and public health implications. The identification of reliable biomarkers for CRC screening can avoid unnecessary colonoscopies, reduce the burden on healthcare costs, and improve the detection of early-stage CRC.
EVALUATION AND IMPLIMENTATION OF A COMMERCIAL QUALITY CONTROL PRODUCT TO MONITOR SERUM INDICES DETECTION IN DAILY ROUTINE USE
Authors: Yagoot Abobaker M , Khalil Haitham , Borai Anwar , Yagoot A M
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Objective

Clinical Chemistry analyzers measure serum indices of each sample. Serum indices affect patient result. Yet there is no current common practice of monitoring the Instruments ability to measure serum indices using a commercial QC product. In this study, we focused on such Q.C. product evaluation.

Methods/Case Report

We evaluated the implementation of daily routine use of serum indices QC. We used a commercially available Bio-Rad (Hercules, California, United States) LiquichekTM Serum Indices QC material on Abbott (Abbott Park, Illinois, United States) Architect c8000 Chemistry analyzers in National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We run the QC twice a day in three Instruments for Two months. Data transferred to Bio-Rad Unity Real Time, a QC data management software. Mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation calculated for each Instrument.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

A total of 1,296 data points were collected. The QC performed well with a precision of % CV ≤ 1.97% Hemolysis, ≤ 2.67% Icterus and ≤ 6.80% Lipemia. The three instruments performed with a slightly different mean. No “out of control” situations observed. TAT was not affected. To mimic a possible day-to-day Lab scenario, the saline bottle used as HIL reagent was deliberately contaminated using a few drops of whole blood to study the effect of gross hemolysis reagent contamination on HIL readings. The commercial HIL quality control detected the problem. Its performance showed increase in Hemolysis, slight decrease in Icterus and a slight increase in Lipemia readings.

Conclusion

Bio-Rad Liquichek Serum Indices QC is easy to use with a long shelf life. It helps to monitor the instrument’s ability to detect the sample integrity. Results can be compared to peer group unlike the home brewed QC. Peer group comparison helps to monitor and troubleshoot any bias or shift from the peer group and brings benefit to the total QC process.
A Case Report of a Complex Constitutional Karyotype Resulting in Three Derivative Chromosomes Characterized by Chromosomal Analysis, Florescent in situ Hybridization (FISH), and Chromosome Microarray
Authors: Beaudry S , Nagy J
Published: November 2023

Introduction/Objective

Structurally complex karyotypes are rarely identified in the postnatal constitutional setting. Abnormalities involving multiple chromosomes are likely to have a deleterious effect or be incompatible with life. Herein, we describe a case of a structurally complex karyotype in a newborn male.

Methods/Case Report

A newborn male presented at birth with microcephaly, severe ventriculomegaly, cerebellar hypoplasia and absent cavum septum pellucidum. Seizures, optic nerve dysplasia, and feeding difficulties were later noted. Microarray testing revealed eight small deletions of unclear significance on chromosome 7, with three located on the p arm and five clustered on the q arm. The deletions were gene poor, and none contained known haploinsufficient genes. Based on this finding a structural abnormality involving chromosome 7 was suspected.

Karyotype revealed a structurally abnormal chromosome 7 and a complex rearrangement between chromosomes 11 and 18. Chromosome paint and metaphase FISH studies were performed to further characterize the abnormalities. Based on results from these cytogenetic tests, the observed abnormalities were characterized as an insertion on chromosome 7, and a translocation between chromosome 11 and 18 with an inversion on the derivative 18 [46,XY,ins(7)(p21q22q11.2),der(11)t(11;18)(q14.2;p11.2),der(18)(11qter→11q21::18q11.2→18p11.2::11q14.2→11q21::

18q11.2→18qter)]. Rapid whole genome sequencing was done at an outside institution which was negative.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

NA

Conclusion

The exact cause of this individual’s phenotypic findings is unknown. Although the genomic imbalance detected by CMA is small, the complex structural abnormalities likely contribute to the clinical findings. Further supporting a deleterious effect of the karyotype findings is the negative whole genome sequencing results in this individual. Some apparently balance rearrangements have been shown to disrupt genes or important regulator elements. It is possible that a gene was disrupted at the breakpoint of one or more of the detected abnormalities or the rearrangement resulted in abnormal gene regulation. Additional submicroscopic abnormalities may also be present that were not detectable by the methodologies used.