bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real Time Data Capture: A Response to Unsustainable
Dumping of Disposable Diapers and Sanitary Pads in Gweru
City, Zimbabwe
Authors: Kufa Nyamayedenga Victor , Tsvere Maria
Published: July 2020

The sustainable management of used disposable diapers and sanitary pads (Absorbent Hygienic Products) is undoubtedly a topical issue in municipalities across the developing world. This article is based on a bigger study which investigated how the city of Gweru can best manage this waste using a model that adjusts itself in response to real time data. Purposive and cluster sampling were employed to select the wards and the respondents respectively. Data was gathered using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Particularly, semi-structured questionnaires were augmented by observations and in-depth interviews of key informants. The study found out that the municipality in Gweru was fighting a problem they had not yet measured; hence they were acting on vague data. Results of this study are likely to stimulate further research on how real time data on waste can be gathered. The results are also likely to shape the future of waste management in cities across the developing world. The main contribution of this study to the existing body of literature is its recommendation on the usage of real time data to drive waste management.
Reducing Food Loss and Waste: Setting a Global Action Agenda
Authors: Flanagan Katie , Robertson Kai , Hanson Craig
Published: July 2020

The world is at a critical moment in the fight against food loss and waste, with momentum building to address the 1.3 billion tons of food that is lost or wasted each year. But action is not yet at a pace needed to achieve SDG Target 12.3 by 2030. The report Reducing Food Loss and Waste: Setting a Global Action Agenda identifies a three-pronged approach to halve food loss and waste by 2030. The report calls on governments, companies, farmers, consumers, and everyone in between to: “Target-Measure-Act”: Set food loss and waste reduction targets, measure to identify hotspots of food loss and waste and monitor progress over time, and take action on the hotspots; pursue a short “to-do” list per player in the food supply chain as “no regret” first steps toward taking action; and collaborate on 10 “scaling interventions” to ramp up deployment of Target-Measure-Act and the to-do list. There are enormous benefits to reducing food loss and waste. Successfully halving food loss and waste would close the gap between food needed in 2050 and food available in 2010 by more than 20 percent. It would avoid the need to convert an area the size of Argentina into agricultural land. And it would lower greenhouse gas emissions by 1.5 gigatons per year by 2050, an amount more than the current energy- and industry- related emissions of Japan. This report has been produced by World Resources Institute with support from The Rockefeller Foundation, and in partnership with United Nations Environment, Natural Resources Defense Council, Iowa State University, The University of Maryland’s Ed Snider Center, The Consortium for Innovation in Postharvest Loss and Food Waste Reduction, Wageningen University and Research, the World Bank, and WRAP.
Predicting secondary organic aerosol phase state and viscosity and its effect on multiphase chemistry in a regional-scale air quality model
Authors: Schmedding Ryan , Rasool Quazi Z. , Zhang Yue , Pye Havala O. T. , Zhang Haofei , Chen Yuzhi , Surratt Jason D. , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Thornton Joel A. , Goldstein Allen H. , Vizuete William
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols are a significant public health hazard and have
substantial impacts on the climate. Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) have
been shown to phase separate into a highly viscous organic outer layer
surrounding an aqueous core. This phase separation can decrease the
partitioning of semi-volatile and low-volatile species to the organic phase
and alter the extent of acid-catalyzed reactions in the aqueous core. A new
algorithm that can determine SOA phase separation based on their glass
transition temperature (Tg), oxygen to carbon (O:C) ratio and organic mass
to sulfate ratio, and meteorological conditions was implemented into the
Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ) system version 5.2.1 and
was used to simulate the conditions in the continental United States for the
summer of 2013. SOA formed at the ground/surface level was predicted to be
phase separated with core–shell morphology, i.e., aqueous inorganic core
surrounded by organic coating 65.4 % of the time during the 2013 Southern
Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) on average in the isoprene-rich southeastern
United States. Our estimate is in proximity to the previously reported
∼70 % in literature. The phase states of organic coatings
switched between semi-solid and liquid states, depending on the
environmental conditions. The semi-solid shell occurring with lower aerosol
liquid water content (western United States and at higher altitudes) has a
viscosity that was predicted to be 102–1012 Pa s, which
resulted in organic mass being decreased due to diffusion limitation.
Organic aerosol was primarily liquid where aerosol liquid water was dominant
(eastern United States and at the surface), with a viscosity <102 Pa s.
Phase separation while in a liquid phase state, i.e.,
liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), also reduces reactive uptake rates
relative to homogeneous internally mixed liquid morphology but was lower
than aerosols with a thick viscous organic shell. The sensitivity cases
performed with different phase-separation parameterization and dissolution
rate of isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) into the particle phase in CMAQ can have
varying impact on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) organic mass, in
terms of bias and error compared to field data collected during the 2013 SOAS.
This highlights the need to better constrain the parameters that
govern phase state and morphology of SOA, as well as expand mechanistic
representation of multiphase chemistry for non-IEPOX SOA formation in models
aided by novel experimental insights.
Ocean Carbon Uptake Under Aggressive Emission Mitigation
Authors: Ridge Sean , McKinley Galen
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Nearly every nation has signed the UNFCC Paris Agreement, committing to mitigate global anthropogenic carbon (Cant) emissions and limit global mean temperature increase to 1.5 °C. A consequence of emission mitigation is reduced efficiency of ocean Cant uptake, which is driven by mechanisms that have not been studied in detail. The historical pattern of continual increase in atmospheric CO2 has resulted in a proportional increase in Cant uptake. Here, we explore how this proportionality will weaken and find significant effects related to changes in the vertical transfer of Cant from the surface to the deep ocean, and also ocean chemistry. We define ocean uptake growth consistent with an exact proportionality to the atmospheric growth rate, i.e. the historical scaling, to be 100 % efficient. Using a model hierarchy consisting of a commonly used one-dimensional ocean carbon cycle model and a complex Earth System Model (ESM), we find that declines in the efficiency of ocean uptake are greatest under aggressive emission mitigation. To understand the drivers of efficiency declines, we use the ESM to compare scenarios with aggressive emission mitigation (1.5 °C), intermediate emission mitigation (RCP4.5), and no emission mitigation (RCP8.5). Using the one-dimensional ocean carbon cycle model, we demonstrate how growth of ocean Cant uptake is a balance between enhancement due to a positive atmospheric CO2 growth rate, and decreases due to the positive growth rate of dissolved CO2 in the surface ocean. Without emission mitigation (RCP8.5), changes in efficiency are almost entirely the result of changes in the buffer capacity of the ocean, which accelerates the growth rate of dissolved CO2 in the surface ocean. Under the declining CO2 regime of the 1.5 °C scenario, the dominant driver of efficiency decline is the carbon gradient effect, wherein Cant in the ocean interior slows the removal of Cant from the surface. Although the carbon gradient effect is an unavoidable consequence of emission mitigation, it can be reduced by hastily pursuing emission mitigation.
A multi-sensor satellite-based archive of the largest SO2 volcanic eruptions since 2006
Authors: Tournigand Pierre-Yves , Cigala Valeria , Lasota Elzbieta , Hammouti Mohammed , Clarisse Lieven , Brenot Hugues , Prata Fred , Kirchengast Gottfried , Steiner Andrea K. , Biondi Riccardo
Published: July 2020

Abstract. We present a multi-sensor archive collecting spatial and temporal information about volcanic SO2 clouds generated by the eleven largest eruptions of this century. The detection and monitoring of volcanic clouds is an important topic for aviation management, climate issues and weather forecast. Several papers have been published focusing on single events, but not any archive is available at the moment to be used as background for future studies. We archived and collocated the SO2 vertical column density estimations from three different instruments (AIRS, IASI and GOME-2), the atmospheric parameters vertical profiles from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Radio Occultations (RO) and the vertical backscatter from the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). We additionally provide information about the cloud top height from three different algorithms and the atmospheric anomaly due to the presence of the cloud. The dataset consists of 223 days monitored with SO2 clouds, collocated with 56675 backscatter profiles and 70126 radio occultation profiles. The modular structure of the archive allows an easy collocation of the different datasets according to the users’ needs and the cross-comparison of the datasets shows the high consistency of the parameters estimated with different sensors and algorithms. The data described here will be published with a DOI after final acceptance of this manuscript (Tournigand et al., 2020, http://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.016). During the discussion period, the data are accessible via this temporary link: http://pmd.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/0f85d699707efcdc567765bd0dafaaadf94b6df5a531f310167f7e974ea803bf
The Value of Citizen Science for Flood Risk Reduction: Cost-benefit Analysis of a Citizen Observatory in the Brenta-Bacchiglione Catchment
Authors: Ferri Michele , Wehn Uta , See Linda , Monego Martina , Fritz Steffen
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Citizen observatories are a relatively recent form of citizen science. As part of the flood risk management strategy of the Brenta-Bacchiglione catchment, a citizen observatory for flood risk management has been proposed and is currently being implemented. Citizens are involved through monitoring water levels and obstructions and providing other relevant information through mobile apps, where the data are assimilated with other sensor data in a hydrological-hydraulic model used in early warning. A cost benefit analysis of the citizen observatory was undertaken to demonstrate the value of this approach in monetary terms. Although not yet fully operational, the citizen observatory is assumed to decrease the social vulnerability of the flood risk. By calculating the hazard, exposure and vulnerability of three flood scenarios (required for flood risk management planning by the EU Directive on Flood Risk Management) with and without the proposed citizen observatory, it is possible to evaluate the benefits in terms of the average annual avoided damage costs. Although currently a hypothetical exercise, the results showed a reduction in avoided damage of 45 % compared to a business as usual scenario. Thus, linking citizen science with hydrological modelling, and to raise awareness of flood hazards, has great potential in reducing future flood risk in the Brenta-Bacchiglione catchment. Moreover, such approaches are easily transferable to other catchments.
Analysis of photoelastic properties of monocrystalline silicon
Authors: Stoehr Markus , Gerlach Gerald , Härtling Thomas , Schoenfelder Stephan
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Photoelasticity is considered a useful measurement tool for the non-destructive and contactless determination of mechanical stresses or strains in the production of silicon wafers. It describes a change in the indices of refraction of a material when the material is mechanically loaded. As silicon has a diamond lattice structure, the stress-dependent change in the refractive indices varies with the loading direction. In this work, an anisotropic stress-optic law is derived, and the corresponding stress-optical parameters are measured using a Brazilian disc test. The parameters were determined to be (π11-π12)=14.4⋅10-7 MPa−1 and π44=9.4⋅10-7 MPa−1. The results of this work are compared to previous works found in the literature, and the deviations are discussed.
The transient sensitivity of sea level rise
Authors: Grinsted Aslak , Christensen Jens Hesselbjerg
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Recent assessments from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change implies that global mean sea level is unlikely to rise more than about 1.1 m within this century, but with further increase beyond 2100, even within the most intensive future anthropogenic carbon dioxide emission scenarios. However, some studies conclude that considerably greater sea level rise could be realized, and experts assign a substantially higher likelihood of such a future. To understand this discrepancy, it would be useful to have scenario independent metrics that can be compared between different approaches. The concept of a transient climate response has proven to be useful to compare the response of climate models. Here, we introduce a similar metric for sea level science. By analyzing mean rate of change in sea level (not sea level itself), we identify a near linear relationship with global mean surface temperature (and therefore accumulated carbon dioxide emissions) in both model projections, and in observations on a century time scale. This motivates us to define the Transient Sea Level Sensitivity as the increase in the sea level rate associated with a given warming in units of m/century/K. We find that model projections fall below extrapolation based on recent observational records. This comparison indicates that the likely upper level of sea level projections in recent IPCC reports would be too low.
Restos de la haquitía en el idiolecto de Juanita Narboni
Authors: Moscoso García Francisco
Published: July 2020

Recogemos en este artículo las voces y expresiones de la haquitía tangerina en el idiolecto de la protagonista de La vida perra de Juanita Narboni. Estos préstamos proceden en su gran mayoría del árabe marroquí. El resto tienen su origen en el hebreo, el castellano antiguo, el portugués y el andaluz occidental. El autor de la novela, Ángel Vázquez (Tánger, 1929), debió de oír esta variante lingüística entre los judíos tangerinos durante su infancia y hasta que se marchó de la ciudad en 1965.
Femvertising, igualdad de género y el efecto de la tercera persona en las mujeres trabajadoras de Gamarra
Authors: Ruiz-Sánchez Katherine-Lesly , Gallardo-Echenique Eliana
Published: July 2020

Este estudio analiza la femvertising, la reciente estrategia publicitaria que emite mensajes de empoderamiento a la mujer e igualdad de género, y su relación con el efecto de la tercera persona, que indica que las personas tienden a percibir a los demás (ellos) como más influenciados por los medios de comunicación que sí mismos (yo). Se adoptó una metodología cualitativa para analizar la campaña del BCP llamada «#NoMeDigasFelizDía» lanzada en el Día Internacional de la Mujer (2019). Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 15 mujeres trabajadoras del emporio de Gamarra (Perú) entre 25 a 52 años. La femvertising ayuda a desarrollar la igualdad de género en las mujeres del imperio comercial textil de Gamarra a través de mensajes a favor de las mujeres, porque muestran formas de empoderamiento de las mujeres, eliminando los roles y estereotipos de género tradicionales, pero que no necesariamente se dan por el efecto de la tercera persona.
Las Casas de Sal: espacialidad y afecto en las memorias de las infancias en el exilio
Authors: Chmiel Fira
Published: July 2020

En este texto presento algunos avances de mi investigación doctoral en curso, en la que exploro, desde una perspectiva biográfica, las memorias de quienes tuvieron la experiencia de haber sido niños y niñas durante el exilio forzado de las últimas dictaduras en Uruguay y en Argentina. En esta oportunidad, me centro en indagar algunas articulaciones sobre memoria, espacio e infancia, que emergen de los recuerdos de “aquellos” niños y niñas. En particular, en la casa como espacio en el que se conjugan diversos sentidos y formas iniciales de vínculo e intimidad. Estos recuerdos puestos en relato, abren nuevos accesos para comprender no solo el lugar de los niños y niñas de entonces en el los tránsitos del exilio, sino también, los sentidos que se son reelaborados en el presente.
Ni villanos ni heroínas: discursos sobre la infancia vulnerabilizada
Authors: Marco Arocas Elisabet , Gómez Nicolau Emma
Published: July 2020

El propósito del artículo consiste en analizar los elementos ideológicos que atraviesan las políticas de intervención con la infancia vulnerable a través de la consideración crítica del mismo concepto de vulnerabilidad. Para ello, nos remitimos a los debates sobre el sujeto que nos permiten analizar los modos de reconocimiento hegemónico de la infancia como dependiente, vulnerable y sin agencia. La infancia se construye de manera relacional a la de los agentes de intervención social (sistema de protección y ayuda humanitaria) que serán los encargados de rescatar a la infancia de su situación de vulnerabilidad. Seguidamente, analizamos dos casos de construcción de infancia vulnerable: la de los niños (en masculino) que migran solos del Sur al Norte global y la de las niñas (en femenino) que ocupan los relatos de las campañas de desarrollo de los países empobrecidos. Nos encontramos con dos construcciones generizadas de la infancia a la que se le aplican atributos diferenciados en cuanto a la consideración de su capacidad agente y a la interpretación y limitación de su vulnerabilidad. En un caso, los chicos migrantes son construidos como molestos para el sistema, mientras que el otro, las niñas en los países en desarrollo se construyen como como referentes inspiradores.
La historia del estudio Children’s Worlds
Authors: Bruck Sagit , Ben-Arieh Asher
Published: July 2020

Este artículo presenta la justificación, el desarrollo y la historia de uno de los estudios más singulares y a gran escala que se han llevado a cabo para investigar el bienestar de los niños. El estudio que aquí se presenta se basa en la comprensión de que los niños son seres humanos activos por propio derecho durante toda su infancia, y que la infancia es también una etapa en sí misma. Más aún, está basado en la idea de que el bienestar es también un fenómeno subjetivo y que debe estudiarse en función de los informes de la población investigada. En nuestro caso esta población está compuesta por niños y niñas de edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 12 años y el estudio multinacional que se describe incluye una muestra representativa de niños de 40 países, en varias fases. El artículo presenta no solo las bases del estudio, sino también su desarrollo a través de tres etapas así como su estado actual, y finaliza con algunas reflexiones de interés para el futuro.
Infancia y Bienestar: una apuesta política por las capacidades y los cuidados
Authors: Pérez Pérez Paula
Published: July 2020

Gálvez, L., Del Moral-Espín, L. (2019). Infancia y Bienestar: una apuesta política por las capacidades y los cuidados. Sevilla: editorial deculturas, 416 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-949093-0-6.
La Яevuelta del molesto virus y la experiencia narrativa por y con los niños
Authors: Riquelme Arredondo Angélica , Peña Arriagada Carolina
Published: July 2020

El proyecto Alma-CONICYT, denominado Cosmos en el Kínder, 2019, del área de difusión de la astronomía y adjudicado por el Instituto Milenio de Astrofísica en Chile, tuvo como objetivo promover habilidades del pensamiento científico, en niños en edad preescolar principalmente en sectores vulnerados. Sin embargo, no se hablará del proyecto en sí, sino de la necesidad de relevar y valorar las enseñanzas que los niños nos otorgan, aquellas que son continuas, profundas y que en esta contingencia Covid-19 nuevamente se evidencian. Posterior al periodo de cierre del proyecto se elaboró un material pedagógico, el cual quiso colaborar con el confinamiento que viven niñas y niños a causa de la desconcertante y compleja pandemia. Para ello, se contactaron a las maestras quienes, con sus cursos de kínder habían sido partícipes de la experiencia de investigación mencionada. Pusimos a disposición material físico y audiovisual, para ser socializado, ello además de algunos días de contacto con astrónomos y especialistas en educación en forma virtual, para quiénes estuviesen interesados en conversar sobre el material que habíamos preparado y que la experiencia ganada en un año de trabajo con preescolares, respecto de intereses y curiosidades sobre astronomía, nos permitía. Sin embargo, en nuestro primer contacto organizado virtualmente nos preguntaron ¿y si hablamos “mejor” del virus que molesta tanto? Una invitación así no se podía rechazar, y confiados en que el escuchar y compartir como antes habíamos hecho, solo traería buenas cosas, nos comprometimos a hacerlo en nuestro segundo encuentro, preparándonos para ello, más sin duda en este primer encuentro, por supuesto nos contaban entre eclipses y estrellas fugaces, lo que habían estado haciendo en este encierro, lo que sentían, sus preocupaciones y hasta posibles soluciones.
Occurrence of Glomeromycota species in aquatic habitats: a global overview
Authors: de Queiroz Mariana Bessa , Jobim Khadija , Vista XochitlMargarito , Leroy Juliana Aparecida Souza , Gomes StephaniaRuth Basílio Silva , Goto BrunoTomio
Published: July 2020

Mycotaxon announces the posting of its 140th free access funga to its mycobiota site in June. This excellent 18-page global checklist of aquatic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by Queiroz, Jobim, Vista, Leroy, Gomes, and Goto may be downloaded from our website via http://www.mycotaxon.com/mycobiota/index.html
Friendship: The forgotten relationship in the rehabilitation environment
Authors: Bianca Kendall Melissa
Published: July 2020

No Abstract
Evaluation of function, disability and participation of patients with motor neuron disease
Authors: Bocker Barbara , Schueler Constanze , Best Norman , Christian Smolenski Ulrich
Published: July 2020

Aims: To objective the symptoms and estimate the necessity of technical or social aid as well as to receive parameters for treatment, this evaluation was carried out. The aim is the preparation of core sets for patients with motor neuron diseases. Methods: Data sources were found in PubMed: published in the last 50 years; Languages: German and English. After a systematic literature review, two independent reviewers scored the significance of the published studies by 14 criteria including study design, outcome measures, follow-up, data analysis and presentation. Results: 36 significant studies with control group: self-estimated life quality and emotion are the most frequent items which were investigated. In contrast to this frequency, the studies with reference to mobility, emotion and activities of daily life are most significant. The result is a proposal of ICF core set by the use of different specific and general items. Conclusion: In literature, there does not exist any assessment or setting which distinguish the function and disability of the polio patients on the whole. So the developed ICF core set may be a possibility to objectify the motor neuron disease after its multidisciplinary confirmation.
Soil Microbial Activity and Diversity in Response to Soil Chemical Factors in Agricultural Soils
Authors: Ishak Lily , Brown Philip Hugh
Published: July 2020

The role of microbial communities in maintaining soil health is mostly influenced by chemical condition of soil. Microbial communities vary in response to soil chemical factors. The contradictive results from previous findings emphasise that it is difficult to define a pattern of the influence of soil chemical factors on soil microbial diversity and activity. The aim of the study was to assess soil microbial responses to soil chemical factors in agricultural soils. Composite soil (Dermosol order) samples taken from 16 commercial crop sites in Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia, were chemically and biologically analysed. It was found that bacterial and fungal activity and diversity were significantly affected by soil EC, SOM and NO3-N content, but were not influenced by soil pH, CEC, and Ca:Mg ratio. The diversity of bacterial and fungal communities displayed a positive linear relationship with soil EC, whereas the activity and diversity of these two microbial groups and SOM displayed a significant quadratic relationship. The finding suggested that microbial community was predominantly influenced by SOM content.
Bio-based Methods with Potentials for Application in Wooden Furniture Industry
Authors: Hrovatin Karin , Hrovatin Jasna
Published: July 2020

Furniture market is shifting towards green and innovative products. The use of bio-based methods in wooden furniture industry presents a big potential for the development of materials with new characteristics, of unique furniture items, and can reduce the environmental impact. Bio-based methods can be used for wood protection and decoration, fibre board production, and development of new wooden materials, such as wood hybrids and functionalised wood. The bio-based methods, investigated for their potentials in wood industry, include the use of living organisms, natural products, and biomimicry. Despite ongoing developments there are still major drawbacks associated with many of these technologies: unreliability and inadequate efficiency of the methods, inadequate mechanical properties or dimensional stability of the final products, and high costs. Thus, further developments are needed. In this review, we present the existing and arising bio-based methods with potential in wooden furniture production. Furthermore, we shortly present their marketing potential.
Contribution to the Evaluation of Thermal Insulation Properties of a Simple and a Double Window in a Log building
Authors: Fait Petr , Král Pavel , Linhart Vladimir , Čech Josef
Published: July 2020

The paper describes the method for the determination and evaluation of thermal insulation properties of various types of windows made from pine wood. The method has been used for a simple and a double window that are parts of a log house in the Czech Republic. Both windows are located in one room. The method for the evaluation of thermal insulation properties consists in determining the boundary conditions of the frame and sash temperature from the interior and exterior. Additionally, the temperature of the window surroundings was measured, at the building envelope. The boundary conditions were measured by different sensors to ensure an accurate setting of the thermographic camera. Based on the values determined, the method calculates the heat transfer coefficient and the temperature factor of the internal surface. Then, the thermal insulation properties of integrated windows can be determined and compared. The priority of this measurement was a basic comparison of thermal insulation properties of two different types of windows located in a log house. This measurement will serve as the basis for a comparison of thermal insulation properties of the same types of windows in different log houses located in regions with different weather conditions. After a comprehensive comparison, based on the results, the right type of window can be recommended with respect to the location of the log house in question.
A Positive State Obligation to Counter Dehumanisation under International Human Rights Law
Authors: Berry Stephanie Eleanor
Published: July 2020

A Positive State Obligation to Counter Dehumanisation under International Human Rights Law

International human rights law (IHRL) was established in the aftermath of the Second World War to prevent a reoccurrence of the atrocities committed in the name of fascism. Central to this aim was the recognition that out-groups are particularly vulnerable to rights violations committed by the in-group. Yet, it is increasingly apparent that out-groups are still subject to a wide range of rights violations, including those associated with mass atrocities. These rights violations are facilitated by the dehumanisation of the out-group by the in-group. Consequently, this article argues that the creation of IHRL treaties and corresponding monitoring mechanisms should be viewed as the first step towards protecting out-groups from human rights violations. By adopting the lens of dehumanisation, this article demonstrates that if IHRL is to achieve its purpose, IHRL monitoring mechanisms must recognise the connection between dehumanisation and rights violations and develop a positive State obligation to counter dehumanisation. The four treaties explored in this article, the European Convention on Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination, all establish positive State obligations to prevent hate speech and to foster tolerant societies. These obligations should, in theory, allow IHRL monitoring mechanisms to address dehumanisation. However, their interpretation of the positive State obligation to foster tolerant societies does not go far enough to counter unconscious dehumanisation and requires more detailed elaboration.
Metacognitive Reading Strategy and Emerging Reading Comprehension in Students With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Cox-Magno Natasha , Ross Peter , Dimino Kathleen , Wilson Andrea
Published: July 2020

This article ventures to address the gap in special education practices by providing a metacognitive reading strategy to support the emerging reading comprehension skills of kindergarten students with intellectual disabilities. Historically, students with intellectual disabilities have low reading comprehension skills that can impede their overall academic success. There is a gap in practice regarding the identification and effective use of evidence-based reading comprehension instructional strategies for students with intellectual disabilities. Guided by Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s constructivist theories, the purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a metacognitive reading strategy on the emerging reading comprehension (ERC) skills of kindergarten students with intellectual disabilities. A single-participant, multiple baseline design with graphical visual analysis was used across four kindergarten students with intellectual disabilities to illustrate the influence of the reading intervention. All four kindergarten students showed increases in their ERC skills after the completion of the intervention. An effect-size statistic was calculated to measure the improvement in percentage rate of correct responses between each participant’s baseline and intervention phase. The effect-size results indicated a 60% to 80% improvement rate difference. Therefore, for these kindergartners, the metacognitive reading strategy significantly increased the ERC skills of the participants. The implications for social change include providing teachers with effective metacognitive instructional strategies for ERC skills and for improving ERC skills among students with intellectual disabilities, thus allowing intellectual disability students greater opportunity to benefit from curriculum and instruction over time.
Contexts of Normative Aspect of Public Security
Authors: Babiński Aleksander Cezary
Published: July 2020

Public security, a state constituting a normative subject, is defined by numerous acts that regulate areas requiring specific conduct to be able to assure it. The public order defined in such a way determines public security. Nevertheless this simple dependence is insufficient as regards the normative formulation of public security. It is identified as an expression pointing at public tasks of administrative bodies as a legal criterion for the operation of such a body or as competence of the body. The present paper presents contexts of its usage in diverse normative acts, considered as separate legal departments. Such a broad review has been carried out by their classification depending on categorisation to the political, process and material laws. A separate discussion has been made of public security as a structure that does not occur directly in the basic law, yet ha its reference in it. The presented material enables making a differentiation of the concept of public security in normative acts, depending on the context of its formulation.
Treatment of Solid Waste Containing Metals by Biological Methods
Authors: Gómez-Ramírez Marlenne , A. Tenorio-Sánchez Sergio
Published: July 2020

Methods for the treatment of hazardous wastes are based on two main approaches: either hydrometallurgy or pyrometallurgy. Biological methods are considered viable environmental-friendly technologies and have been developed in the last years and have been associated with lower cost and energy requirements, in comparison with nonbiological processes. In these methods, it is important to find suitable microorganisms to degrade organic substances under favorable conditions to complete the treatment. The advantages of biotechnological treatment of hazardous wastes are biodegradation or detoxification of a wide variety of hazardous substances using natural microorganisms, as well as the availability of a wide range of biotechnological methods for the total destruction of these wastes without the production of secondary hazardous derivatives. However, to intensify the biological treatment, it is a necessary requirement to add nutrients and acceptors of electrons, including the control of the optimal conditions. Thus, biotechnology provides a solution for the ecological degradation of harmful heavy metals and toxic chemicals. The main purpose of this chapter is to present and discuss the biological methods used in the treatment of solid waste containing metals and the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Propuesta de una estructura tridimensional para el diseño del Practicum de Psicopedagogía
Authors: Cubo Sixto , Montanero Manuel
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl plan de estudios de la Titulación de Psicopedagogía contempla el Practicum como una materia de extraordinaria importancia. Tiene como objetivo fundamental desarrollar espacios empíricos en los que el alumnado pueda adquirir y desarrollar habilidades y competencias relacionadas con la intervención  psicopedagógica.  Presentamos  en  este  artículo  una  propuesta  de  estructura  tridimensional para el Practicum de Psicopedagogía basada en tres ejes vertebradores de la actividad del alumno: el contexto de desarrollo de la actividad práctica (educativo-institucional, sociocomunitario y organizacional), las áreas temáticas (procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, orientación y prevención y desarrollo) y las modalidades metodológicas para su diseño y desarrollo (valoración de programas, investigación-acción e investigación experimental, cuasiexperimental u observacional). Presentamos también, finalmente, algunas ideas relacionadas con el proceso de toma de decisiones del alumno en cuanto a cuál debe ser su Practicum, y un anexo que recoge algunas sugerencias relacionadas con los contenidos temáticos del Practicum de Psicopedagogía.ABSTRACTThe syllabus of the degree of Psychopedagogy has the Practicum as a subject of great importance. It has as a main objective the development of empirical spaces where the students can acquire and develop skills and competences related to the psychopedagogical intervention. We present in this article a ideas of the student´s activity: the context of development of the practical activity (educational-institutional, sociocommunitary and organizational), the thematic areas (teaching-learning processes, guidance and prevention and development) and the methodological modalities for its design and development (programme evaluation, research-action and experimental research, quasiexperimental and observational). Finally,we also present some ideas related to the process of making decisions by the student regarding his/her Practicum, and an annex that gathers some suggestions related to the thematic contents of the Practicum of Psychopedagogy.
Algunos rasgos significativos para el desarrollo de las habilidades sociales en adolescentes con deficiencia mental leve. Estudio de casos
Authors: Repetto Elvira , Cifuentes Mª Elia
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl objetivo de esta investigación reside en analizar algunos rasgos significativos para el desarrollo de habilidades sociales en adolescentes con deficiencia mental leve. De esta suerte, se estudian características como la personalidad, el autoconcepto, las estrategias de afrontamiento, el autocontrol y la adaptación social, que son fundamentales para la interacción de estos alumnos en contextos normalizados. El trabajo consiste en la realización de 14 estudios de casos de sujetos de edades comprendidas entre 15 y 16 años. El análisis de los resultados indica que estos alumnos presentan unos rasgos específicos, que dificultan su integración social.ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to analyze some traits significant for the development of social skills. Characteristics such as personality, self-concept, coping, self-control and social adjustment are, between others, fundamental for their relationship in normalized contexts. A sample of 14 adolescents whose ages ranged from 14 to 15, were employed this study. The analysis indicates that these students have specific characteristics that make it difficult for them to integrate socially.
La transición al mundo laboral de los jóvenes con deficiencias auditivas
Authors: Miguel M. , Pereira M.
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEste artículo forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre los procesos de inserción laboral de los jóvenes con deficiencias auditivas. En él presentamos las principales conclusiones del análisis documental que efectuamos sobre las investigaciones y estudios realizados sobre personas con problemas auditivos y sus dificultades de inserción sociolaboral. En primer lugar, clarificamos la terminología que se utiliza en este campo, abordamos el tema de la clasificación de las deficiencias auditivas y nos referimos también a la incidencia de este problema. Posteriormente nos centramos en la investigación sobre personas con problemas auditivos: 1) las dificultades asociadas a las deficiencias auditiva; 2) la relevancia de la formación de estas personas; 3) la necesidad de apoyo y orientación para el trabajo; 4) las principales opciones vinculadas a la comunicación y a la integración; 5) la sensibilización de la población ante las dificultades auditivas y 6) la significatividad de las nuevas tecnologías para este colectivo. Para terminar, detallamos las recomendaciones que deben tenerse en cuenta al formar o trabajar con personas que tienen problemas auditivos.ABSTRACTThis article is part of a broader research about the processes of insertion in the world of work of the youth with hearing difficulties. We present the main conclusions of the documentary analysis that we made about the investigations and studies carried out with people with auditory problems and their difficulties of social and labour integration. In first place, we clarify the terminology that is used in this field, we approach the issue of the classification of the auditory deficiencies and we also refer to the incidence of this problem. Next we analyse the investigation about people with hearing difficulties: 1) the difficulties associated to the auditory problems; 2) the relevance of the formation of these people; 3) the need of support and career guidance; 4) the main options linked to the communication and the integration; 5) the sensitising of the population about the hearing difficulties, and 6) the importance of the new technologies for this community. To finish, we detail the recommendations that should be kept in mind when we are forming or working with people with auditory problems.
Opiniones de los estudiantes de la Universidad Ambrose Alli de Ekpoma (Nigeria) acerca de los servicios de apoyo al estudiante
Authors: Aluede Oyaziwo Aluede , Uadia Andrew , Aluede Raymond O. A. , Ogie Victor
Published: July 2020

RESUMENLa percepción de los estudiantes acerca de los servicios de apoyo en la Universidad de Ambrosi Alli de Nigeria se recogió a través de un cuestionario elaborado a tal efecto, aplicado a 500 estudiantes. La mayoría de los encuestados reconocieron que la presencia de los servicios de apoyo era altamente inadecuada. El estudio recomienda, por tanto la mejora de los servicios de apoyo para que los estudiantes puedan beneficiarse de forma holística de la orientación universitaria. Antes de presentar la metodología y los resultados de este estudio, se describe brevemente la situación de las universidades nigerianas y se realiza una fundamentación teórica sobre los servicios de apoyo al alumnado.ABSTRACTUndergraduates perception of the status of student support services at the Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Nigeria, was surveyed with the aid of a questionnaire entitled Student Support Services Questionnaire. Information was elicited from 500 students based on sex, residency and level of study. The study found that majority of the students perceived the presence of student support services in the university as grossly inadequate. The study therefore, recommended that Admission, Registration, Health, Hostel and other support services should be improved to enable students to benefit holistically from university education.
La orientación metacognitiva y el desarrollo de la autoestima: evaluación del "programa de estrategias metacognitivas para el desarrollo humano"
Authors: Repetto Elvira , Carvallo Raúl
Published: July 2020

RESUMENLos autores exponen la posibilidad del desarrollo humano de alumnos universitarios a través de un programa de estrategias metacognitivas y su incidencia en el incremento de la autoestima. Se discute, primero, los conceptos de desarrollo humano y de autoestima así como los de estrategias metacognitivas, revisando las teorías más relevantes desde las psicosociales, las de la cognición social, el desarrollo de sí mismo, los factores asociados a la autoestima y la autorregulación de los procesos cognitivos. A continuación, y partiendo de un análisis de necesidades, se sintetizan los elementos del "Programa de Estrategias Metacognitivas para el Desarrollo Humano". La parte central del estudio presenta la evaluación del programa, tanto la inicial y su viabilidad como la del proceso y sus resultados. Por último, se recogen las conclusiones e implicaciones del estudio para futuras investigaciones.ABSTRACTThe authors posit that human development of higher education students is possible through a program of metacognitive strategies and discuss its incidence on the increase of self-esteem. They present the concepts of human development and self-esteem, as well as metacognitive strategies, supporting them with the most relevant theories underpinning these concepts. After a needs assessment, they synthesize the elements of the "Program of Human Development through Metacognitive Strategies". The central part of the study focuses on the evaluation (initial, process, and results) and viability of the program. Finally, conclusions and implications for practice and for future studies are presented.
Reflexiones sobre el futuro de la orientación psicopedagógica inmersa en una encrucijada sociocultural
Authors: Benavent Oltra José Antonio
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEste artículo pretende hacernos reflexionar sobre el futuro de la Orientación psicopedagógica en la actual encrucijada sociocultural apuntando algunas ideas sobre su probable evolución. Invita a situarse ante el problema analizando la importancia que el nuevo campo científico de la "Prospectiva" está adquiriendo para aportar soluciones científicas a los inquietantes retos del futuro. Además, ofrece una somera imagen del estado actual de la Orientación a fin de deliberar sobre sus posibles funciones en la sociedad venidera, en relación con: la demografía (envejecimiento e inmigración poblacional); la juventud; la multiculturalidad; la tecnología; la escuela (especialización, prevención y reforma); el mundo del trabajo y sus tendencias emergentes y, finalmente, sobre la probable evolución de los actuales modelos de orientación. Aunque las grandes interrogantes planteadas quedan abiertas, se ofrecen interesantes sugerencias al respecto. Sugerencias que tratan de ayudarnos a reflexionar y a dilucidar propuestas creativas sobre nuestro futuro profesional.ABSTRACTThis paper tries to make us reflect on the future of Educational and Vocational Guidance within the current sociocultural crossroads and suggests some ideas about its possible evolution. It encourages us to face the problem and analyzes the importance that the new scientific field of "Prospective" is gaining in order to provide scientific solutions to the uncertain future challenges. An overview image of the state of the art in Guidance is suggested in order to discuss its possible functions within the coming society, in relation to: demographics (aging and migrations), youth, multiculture, technology, the school (specialization, diagnosis and reform), the labour world and its emerging trends and, finally, about the potential evolution of the current Guidance models. Suggestions are put forward, but the great questions still remain open. It concludes by emphasyzing that the objective of the paper was just to activate our creative thinking and motivate us to reflect upon our professional future.
La orientación profesional en la universidad, un factor de calidad según los alumnos
Authors: González López Ignacio , Martín Izard Juan Francisco
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn este artículo se trata la orientación profesional en la universidad como un factor de calidad. En la investigación que aquí se refleja recogemos la demanda de los alumnos de la Universidad de Salamanca que consideran la orientación profesional como un elemento que favorece su incursión en el mercado laboral de forma exitosa y, por lo tanto, como un indicador de la calidad de la universidad. Tras la exposición de alguna de las ideas que nos parecen relevantes al respecto de comprender que la orientación profesional en este sentido, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio en el que se refleja la opinión de los estudiantes sobre este tema. Para ello, nos hemos centrado en las cualidades y requisitos necesarios para acceder a un empleo, el conocimiento de las salidas profesionales de las diferentes titulaciones y la valoración de los sistemas de orientación profesional existentes en la universidad.ABSTRACTIn this article it is the professional orientation in the university like a factor of quality. In the investigation that here is reflected we pick up the demand of the students of the University of Salamanca that they consider the professional orientation as an element that favors their incursion in the labor market in a successful way and, therefore, as an indicator of the quality of the university. After the exhibition of some of the ideas that we find outstanding in this respect of understanding that the professional orientation in this sense, we have carried out a study in which is reflected the opinion of the students on this topic. For it, we have centered ourselves in the qualities and necessary requirements to consent to an employment, the knowledge of the professional exits of the different students and the valuation of the existent systems of professional orientation in the university.