bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Iron Status and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Europeans: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study
Authors: Hou Chenyang , Hou Qingzhi , Xie Xing , Wang Huifeng , Chen Yueliang , Lu Tingxi , Wu Qunying , Liang Yongcong , Hu Yanling , Mao Yuang
Published: August 2020

Background: Previous observational studies showed that there was a conflict about serum iron status and the risk of breast cancer, which could have an impact on the prevention of breast cancer.Object: We used a two sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to explore the causal relationship between iron status and the risk of breast cancer.Method: To select single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which could be used as instrumental variables for iron status, we used the Genetics of Iron Status consortium. Moreover, we used the OncoArray network to select SNPs of instrumental variables for the outcome (breast cancer). The conservative instruments (SNPs were all consistent with iron status) and liberal instruments (SNPs was associated with at least one of iron status) were used in MR analysis. In the conservative instruments set we used an inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach, and in the liberal instruments set we used the IVW, MR-Egger regression, weighted median and simple mode approach. Results: In the conservative approach, none of the iron status were statistically significant for breast cancer or its subtypes. And in the liberal approach, transferrin was positively associated with ER-negative breast cancer by simple mode (OR for MR: 1.225; 95% CI: 1.064, 1.410; P=0.030). However, other iron statuses had no association with breast cancer or its subtypes (P>0.05).Conclusion: Our MR study, in the liberal approach, suggested that changes in the concentration of transferrin could increase the risk of ER-negative breast cancer, and other iron statuses had no effect on breast cancer or its subtypes. This could be verified in future studies.
A theoretic approach to the breast tissue microbiomes under tumor influences with near-neutral, neutral and niche-neutral hybrid models
Authors: Li Lianwei , Ma Zhanshan Sam
Published: August 2020

Background: The structure and dynamics of breast tissue microbiomes can have far-reaching influences on women’s health, particularly on breast tumor development. However, there is currently little understanding on the ecological processes that shape the structure and dynamics of breast tissue microbiomes.Methods: Here we fill the gap by applying three metacommunity models for investigating the community assembly and diversity maintenance, including Sloan near neutral model, Harris et al. multisite neutral and Tang & Zhou niche-neutral hybrid models to reanalyze the 16s-rRNA sequencing datasets of 23 healthy, 12 benign tumor, and 33 malignant tumor tissue samples. To remedy the practical difficulty in collecting tissue microbiome samples, we adopted a sophisticated random re-sampling (up to 1000 times) scheme in applying the three metacommunity models for analyzing the patterns in the breast tissue microbiomes. Results: First, we found that, at the community/metacommunity levels, the mechanisms of microbiome assembly and diversity maintenance of breast tissue microbiomes were predominantly driven by stochastic drifts of bacteria demography (division, death and dispersal of bacterial cells), whereas the deterministic selection forces such as tumor progression were insignificant. However, at species level, on average, approximately 10% and 5% species were above (positively-selected) and below (negatively-selected) neutral, respectively. Furthermore, malignant tumor may raise the positively selected species up to 17%. Second, malignant tumor appears to inhibit microbial dispersal as evidenced by lowered migration rates, compared with the migration in normal and benign tumor tissues.Conclusions: The mechanisms of microbiome assembly and diversity maintenance of breast tissue microbiomes were predominantly driven by stochastic drifts, and malignant tumor may inhibit microbial dispersal. These theoretic findings can be inspirational for further investigating the relationships between tissue microbiomes and breast tumor progression/development.
Genetically predicted C-reactive protein associated with breast cancer risk: interrelation with estrogen and cancer molecular subtypes using a Mendelian randomization
Authors: Jung Su Yon , Papp Jeanette C. , Sobel Eric M. , Pellegrini Matteo , Yu Herbert , Zhang Zuo-Feng
Published: August 2020

Background: Immune-related etiologic pathways that influence breast cancer risk are incompletely understood and may be confounded by lifestyles or reverse causality. Using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we investigated the potential causal relationship between genetically elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and primary invasive breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women.Methods: We used individual-level data obtained from 10,170 women, including 537 who developed breast cancer, from the Women’s Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes Study, which consists of 5 genome-wide association (GWA) studies. We examined 61 GWA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with CRP. We employed weighted/penalized weighted–medians and MR gene–environment interactions that allow instruments’ invalidity to some extent and attenuate the heterogeneous estimates of outlying SNPs.Results: In lifestyle-stratification analyses, genetically elevated CRP decreased risk for breast cancer in exogenous estrogen-only, estrogen + progestin, and past oral contraceptive (OC) users, but only among relatively short-term users (< 5 years). Estrogen-only users for ≥ 5 years had more profound CRP-decreased breast cancer risk in dose-response fashion, whereas past OC users for ≥ 5 years had CRP-increased cancer risk. Also, genetically predicted CRP was strongly associated with increased risk for hormone-receptor positive or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative breast cancer.Conclusions: Our findings may provide novel evidence on the immune-related pathways linking to breast cancer risk, and suggest potential clinical use of CRP to predict the specific cancer subtypes and CRP–inflammatory marker targeting interventions to reduce postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
PLEKHA7, an apical adherens junction protein, suppresses inflammatory breast cancer in the context of high E-cadherin and p120-catenin expression.
Authors: Pence Lindy J , Kourtidis Antonis , Feathers Ryan W. , Haddad Mary T. , Sotiriou Sotiris , Decker Paul , Nassar Aziza , Ocal Idris T. , Shah Sejal S. , Anastasiadis Panos Z
Published: August 2020

Background: Inflammatory breast cancer is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer that robustly forms clusters of tumor emboli in dermal lymphatics and readily metastasizes. Inflammatory breast cancers express high levels of E-cadherin, the major protein of adherens junctions, which may enhance the ability of tumor cells to form such clusters and contribute to metastasis. Seemingly contradictory, E-cadherin has both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting roles in cancer; previous studies suggest that this depends on the balance between apical and basolateral cadherin-catenin complexes. Methods: In the present study, we use immunohistochemistry of inflammatory breast cancer patient samples and biochemical analysis of cell lines to determine the expression of PLEKHA7, an apical adherens junction protein. We use viral transduction to ectopically express PLEKHA7 in the SUM149 inflammatory breast cancer cell line. The effect of PLEKHA7 on the aggressiveness of inflammatory breast cancer in 2D, 3D and in-vivo were examined. Results: We determined that PLEKHA7 was deregulated in inflammatory breast cancer, demonstrating improper localization or lost expression in a strong majority of patient samples and very low expression in cell line models. We found that re-expressing PLEKHA7 is sufficient to suppress proliferation, anchorage independent growth, spheroid viability, and tumor growth in-vivo. We also observed a negative-selection pressure within the xenograft tumors to lose PLEKHA7 function or expression.Conclusions: The data indicate that PLEKHA7 is frequently deregulated and acts as a suppressor of inflammatory breast cancer. They also suggest that the resulting imbalance between apical and basolateral cadherin-catenin complexes contributes to growth, survival and emboli-forming capacities of inflammatory breast cancer.
Keistimewaan Manusia (Analisis Pesan Dakwah Felix Siauw dalam Video Youtube Kajian Islam Rahmatan Lil Alamin)
Authors: Azami Hadiana Trendi
Published: August 2020

Abstract

This article will discuss the idiosyncrasy of humans by using a qualitative method and descriptive analysis approach. According to Felix Siauw in understanding the potential of human life should be dissected in advance about human nature and the factors that influence it. After that can be aware of potential human life that is at once a privilege of the human. Among the privileges of man, namely physical needs, instincts, sense and mind, and nature for days. The purpose of this Article review about understanding the verses of the Qur'an and the message of da'wah put forward by Felix Siauw in channel Youtube Felix Siauw. How Felix Siauw in explaining the nature of privileges human. How faceted shape of the idiosyncrasy of man according to Felix Siauw, functionality, and usability to determine the potential of human life in the context of the present. The study will be reviewed from the perspective of maqasid of shari'ah especially related to the message verses of the Qur'an.

Keywords: Idiosyncrasy, Human, Potential, Life.

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini akan membahas keistimewaan manusia dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Menurut Felix Siauw dalam memahami potensi kehidupan manusia harus dibedah terlebih dahulu tentang hakikat manusia dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Setelah itu, dapat diketahui potensi kehidupan manusia yang sekaligus menjadi keistimewaan manusia. Diantara keistimewaan manusia yaitu kebutuhan jasmani, naluri, akal dan pikiran, dan fitrah untuk bertauhid. Tujuan Artikel ini mengkaji tentang pemahaman ayat al-Qur’an dan pesan dakwah yang dikemukakan oleh Felix Siauw dalam chanel Youtube Felix Siauw. Bagaimana cara Felix Siauw dalam menjelaskan hakikat keistemewaan manusia. Bagaiamana ragam bentuk keistimewaan manuia menurut Felix Siauw, fungsi dan kegunaan untuk mengetahui potensi kehidupan manusia dalam konteks kekinian.Kajian tersebut akan dikaji dalam perspektif maqasid syari’ah terutama terkait pesan ayat al-Qur’an.

Kata kunci : Keistimewaan, Manusia, Potensi, Hidup.
Toleransi Agama Menurut Pandangan Syaikh Wahbah Al-Zahayli
Authors: Muhammad Alaika Abdi
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Religious tolerance has always been an interesting topic of study. The relations between religions in various parts of the world make the study has an important position. Many religious leaders try to explain the meaning of tolerance based on the verses of the Koran. The contemporary scholar who gives serious attention to tolerance is Wahbah al-Zuhayli. Methodologically, his interpretation tends to follow the approach of classical Ulema scholars. The problem of tolerance that he explained is based on the current social reality of religious communities. The idea of tolerance offered by al-Zuhayli begins with an explanation of the concept of wasatiyyah al-Islam. Furthermore, the interpretation of al-Zuhayli's tolerance has four main points: First, the union of Islam with the Abrahamic Religion. The existence of several roots of the same teachings in Abrahamic Religion is a way to form a moderate and tolerant attitude. Second, the principle of freedom in choosing a religion. Third, the prohibition of spreading hatred and terror. Fourth, the recommendations prioritizing justice. Al-Zuhayli's interpretation revealed a pattern of harmonious and tolerant relations between religious communities. This is, at the same time, a scientific criticism of the doctrines of violence that are echoed by radical groups.

Keywords: Religious tolerance, Wahbah al-Zuhayli, Wasathiyyah al-Islam (Islamic moderations).

 

Abstrak

Tema toleransi agama selalu menjadi topik yang menarik untuk dikaji. Pasangsurut hubungan antar umat beragama di berbagai belahan dunia, tak terkecuali di Indonesia, membuat kajian ini memiliki posisi yang penting dalam studi agama. Banyak agamawan, khususnya para ulama tafsir yang bersaha menjelaskan makna toleransi secara normatif berdasarkan ayat-ayat Al-Qurán. Ulama kontemporer yang memberi perhatian serius tentang toleransi adalah Wahbah al-Zuhayli. Meski secara metolodolgis penafsiran al-Zuhayli cenderung mengikuti pendekatan nas ulama klasik. Namun, problem toleransi yang ia jelaskan berdasarkan realitas sosial umat beragama saat ini. Gagasan toleransi yang ditawarkan oleh al-Zuhayli diawali dengan penjelasannya tentang konsep wasatiyyah al-Islam (moderasi Islam). Selanjutnya, al-Zuhayli mengelompokan empat hal pokok tema toleransi yang dijelaskan al-Qur’an. Pertama, relasi antar Agama Samawi. Adanya beberapa akar ajaran yang sama dalam agama samawi merupakan jalan untuk membentuk sikap moderat dan toleran. Kedua, asas kebebasaan dalam memilih agama. Poin ini menegaskan prinsip Ri’ayah al-Din yang diusung syari’at Islam. Ketiga, larangan menebar kebencian. Dan ke-empat Larangan tindakan teror serta anjuran mengutamakan keadilan. Setiap manusia berhak mendapatkan perlindungan atas kemerdekaan jiwanya. Penafsiran al-Zuhayli mengungkap adanya pola hubungan harmonis dan toleran antar umat beragama. Hal ini sekaligus merupakan kritik ilmiah atas doktrin-doktrin kekerasan yang sering dikumandangkan kelompok radikal.

Kata Kunci: Toleransi agama, Wahbah al-Zuhayli, Wasathiyyah al-Islam (moderasi Islam).
AS VULNERABILIDADES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS E A VIOLÊNCIA BIOÉTNICA SOB O OLHAR DOS PESCADORES ARTESANAIS
Authors: Ferreira Cesar Ferreira , Puggian Cleonice
Published: August 2020

Este artigo apresenta um estudo qualitativo, de base etnográfica, sobre os casos de violência relatados por pescadores artesanais durante o exercício do seu trabalho na baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo foi investigar como a violência interfere no trabalho do pescador, buscando caracterizar os casos de violência. Entrevistamos 20 pescadores artesanais, das Colônias Z-8, Z-9, Z-10, Z-11 e Z-12. Observações foram registradas em caderno de campo e entrevistas gravadas em áudio e transcritas. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio de um processo de tematização. Resultados indicam que os casos de violência relatados estão fortemente relacionados ao avanço das atividades econômicas sobre os locais de pesca tradicionalmente utilizados pelos pescadores. Ocorre uma desterritorialização quando esses trabalhadores são forçados a alterar suas práticas cotidianas em virtude dos interesses do Estado e agentes do capital. Notamos a existência de uma multiterritorialidade, de configuração complexa, onde estão inseridos os pescadores e demais organizações e indivíduos que atuam na baía de Guanabara, cujas relações são marcadas por conflitos, que muitas vezes resultam na morte ou grave ferimento do pescador. Argumento que os pescadores artesanais da baía de Guanabara sofrem uma violência bioétnica, cujas consequências vão desde a aniquilação dos ecossistemas até o epistemicídio dos grupos étnicos aos quais pertencem, incluindo diversas formas de aniquilação cultural, laboral e existencial desses trabalhadores. A pesquisa indica que o avanço das atividades capitalistas e a crescente metropolização subjazem a violência bioétnica na baía, que inclui a poluição das águas, desaparecimento do pescado, modificações de hábitos, xingamentos, disparos com bala de borracha e fuzil, assassinatos, invisibilidade social, dentre outros atos contra o pescador e seu território.
QUANDO O TERMO RISCO PODE SER ARRISCADO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A REGULAÇÃO DO SISTEMA CEP/CONEP NAS PESQUISAS EM CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SOCIAIS
Authors: Redon Silvano Aparecido , Almeida Rodrigo Batista de , Pauli Claudionei Cella
Published: August 2020

A pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos está regulada no Brasil, quanto à ética, por duas resoluções do Conselho Nacional de Saúde: resolução 466, de 2012, e resolução 510, de 2016. No entanto, pelo fato de a discussão sobre a ética em pesquisa com seres humanos no cenário brasileiro ter-se iniciado no âmbito das ciências biomédicas, aspectos inerentes às ciências humanas e sociais foram negligenciados, o que motivou a crítica, desde então, ao caráter universalizante dos pressupostos epistemológicos das ciências da saúde. Esse trabalho objetivou dar sequência à discussão já iniciada sobre a necessidade de revisão da regulamentação ética na pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos no Brasil, com enfoque para o conceito de “risco” e as limitações no emprego dessa terminologia nas ciências humanas e sociais. As diferentes resoluções adotadas no Brasil foram revisitadas a fim de se estabelecer a evolução do enquadramento ético da pesquisa com seres humanos. Este trabalho mostra como a trajetória parece ter sido equivocada, no sentido de priorizar as metodologias das ciências biomédicas em detrimento das adotadas nas demais ciências. Recomenda-se à Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa que retome o debate acerca das especificidades das ciências humanas e sociais ainda não contempladas nas referidas resoluções em vigor.
ENSINO MÉDIO NO BRASIL: POR UMA NOVA CONCEPÇÃO DE TÉCNICA E PELA PLURALIDADE FORMATIVA
Authors: De Andrade Silva David José
Published: August 2020

Os rumos formativos para o Ensino Médio são pautados há décadas, praticamente desde o início do Brasil República. Dentre as opções propostas para esse nível educacional, apenas duas prevalecem: a formação geral e a profissional. Mas seriam esses os únicos e melhores caminhos? O presente trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para esse debate e apresentar outras possibilidades de encaminhamento para as escolas embasarem suas trabalhos. Serão abordados, em primeiro lugar, a concepção de “ensino técnico”, a partir da evolução do termo “técnica” até os dias de hoje, pautando-se por alguns indícios históricos da Filosofia até chegar à Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica. Em seguida, será apresentado um breve panorama social da juventude atual para problematizar como as instituições de ensino deveriam organizar seus projetos pedagógicos. Por fim, as escolas são chamadas a serem protagonistas para ofertarem opções coerentes conforme o perfil do público que atendem.
A NATUREZA DO PENSAMENTO MATEMÁTICO: O trecho de um rio, seus acidentes, sua correnteza e sua vereda
Authors: Bacca Paula Cristina
Published: August 2020

Neste texto discutimos a natureza do pensamento matemático a partir da filosofia da matemática e de algumas de suas vertentes. Na sequência apresentamos a ruptura do pensamento algébrico-geométrico, a partir de Descartes, destacando seu método analítico, diferenciando-o do sintético e o quanto ele foi o estopim para o desenvolvimento não só da matemática, mas das ciências de forma geral. A partir das sessões anteriores, fazemos uma leitura sobre algumas proposições acerca da natureza das Ciências por meio dos textos de Breno Arsioli Moura, Luiz Peduzzi & Anabel Raicik e com alguns epistemólogos do século XX. Nesse movimento, exemplificando algumas asserções sobre a natureza das ciências e suas aproximações com a construção do pensamento matemático, a matemática parece não ser uma ciência eternizada e única, ela seria construída permitindo modos distintos de tratar os diversos problemas supostos em cada época.
Investigating the inter-annual precipitation changes of Iran
Authors: Karami Mokhtar , Asadi Mehdi
Published: August 2020

Precipitation is an important factor in the management of a variety of agricultural and industrial projects. This study investigated the temporal-spatial change of inter-annual precipitation of Iran from 1977 to 2007 by using the APHRODITE precipitation database. Statistical methods were applied, such as spatial auto-correlation, Global Moran's index, Local Moran's I index, and hotspots to acquire the variations in precipitation. The highest spatial anomalies belong to September (75.26) and October (45.02), based on the Dispersion index. Also, the size of the largest cluster of Iran's precipitation clusters is developed during winter, cited by the index's outputs, which indicates the relative regularity of Iran's precipitation. The results of the spatial statistics showed that inter-annual precipitation changes in Iran have an upward cluster model. The results of the Global Moran statistics showed that September, with the lowest number (0.712114), has the highest spatial precipitation anomalies throughout the year in Iran. Meanwhile, precipitation has a positive spatial autocorrelation on the Caspian Sea shores and western and south-western parts of the country (mainly Zagros highlands) and a negative spatial autocorrelation in parts of the central and south-eastern areas based on the Local Moran index and hotspots.
Changes of viral and prokaryote abundances in a high rate algal pond using flow cytometry detection
Authors: Hisee Ashleigh R. , Hisee Matthew , McKerral Jody C. , Rosenbauer Stephanie R. , Paterson James S. , Mitchell James G. , Fallowfield Howard J.
Published: August 2020

High rate algal ponds (HRAPs) are shallow, mixed systems for wastewater treatment, which use sunlight exposure for disinfection. Little is known regarding the relationships between the bacteria and viruses within HRAP systems. Uniquely, flow cytometry permits the rapid identification of bacterial and viral populations in wastewater samples, separating populations based on genome and particle size. Treated wastewater samples were collected from an HRAP at Kingston on Murray, South Australia. Flow cytometry analysis detected bacterial populations and discriminated virus-like particles (VLP) and large VLP (LVLP). Rapid, short term, fluctuations in the abundance of all three populations were observed. Changes in the abundance of these populations was compared; wastewater composition was used as metadata for the comparisons. Linear regression determined relationships in abundances between bacteria and LVLP (R2 0.2985); LVLP and VLP (R2 0.5829) and bacteria and VLP (R2 0.5778) all with p-values of <0.001. Bacterial, LVLP and VLP abundance positively correlated with each other, indicating potential microbial interactions. Overall, the results suggest a parasitic relationship was occurring and driving the abundances of bacteria and viruses within the system.
A Systematic Review of Traditionally Used Herbs and Animal-Derived Products as Potential Analgesics
Authors: Rengasamy Kannan R.R. , Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi , Joaheer Teshika , Zhang Yansheng
Published: August 2020

Pain is a distressing but fundamental manifestation that prepares the body for potentially
detrimental stimuli while ensuring its protection. Plant and animal products have traditionally been
used to relieve pain for centuries. However, no attempt has been made to compile a single report of
plant and animal products possessing analgesic properties. This review enadeavours to recover data
from published articles to establish a collective literature review on folk remedies from plant and
animal sources used as analgesics and in the treatment of pain-related conditions, identifying gaps
in existing knowledge and future works. Relevant information was systematically retrieved using
the PRISMA method. In this review, in total, 209 plants were found to be either used raw or prepared
by decoctions or maceration. Administration was either oral or topical, and they were predominantly
used in Asian countries. In vivo studies of plants with analgesic properties, which were
tested using different methods including acetic-induced writhing test, hotplate test, tail-flick test,
and formalin-induced pain test, were compiled. Animal products with analgesic properties were
obtained mainly from compounds present in venom; their bioactive compounds were also identified.
In the literature search, certain gaps were noted, which could be reviewed in future studies. For
instance, there was a disparity of information regarding the traditional uses of medicinal plants. In
this review, an attempt was made to critically assess and describe the pharmacological properties
and bioactive composition of indigenous plants, some animal species, and animal venom by scrutinizing
databases and looking for published articles. Therefore, it can be concluded that the compounds
obtained from these sources can serve as important ingredients in therapeutic agents to alleviate
pain once their limitations are assessed and improved upon. In the literature search, certain
gaps were noted, which could be reviewed in future studies.
A Mini-review of Computational Approaches to Predict Functions and Findings of Novel Micro Peptides
Authors: Nasir Mohsin Ali , Nawaz Samia , Huang Jian
Published: August 2020

:

New techniques in bioinformatics and the study of the transcriptome at a wide-scale
have uncovered the fact that a large part of the genome is being translated than recently perceived
thoughts and research, bringing about the creation of a various quantity of RNA with proteincoding
and noncoding potential. A lot of RNA particles have been considered as noncoding due to
many reasons, according to developing proofs. Like many sORFs that encode many functional
micro peptides have neglected due to their tiny sizes.

:

Advanced studies reveal many major biological functions of these sORFs and their encoded micro
peptides in a different and wide range of species. All the achievement in the identification of these
sORFs and micro peptides is due to the progressive bioinformatics and high-throughput
sequencing methods. This field has pulled in more consideration due to the detection of a large
number of more sORFs and micro peptides. Nowadays, COVID-19 grabs all the attention of
science as it is a sudden outbreak. sORFs of COVID-19 should be revealed for new ways to
understand this virus. This review discusses ongoing progress in the systems for the identification
and distinguishing proof of sORFs and micro peptides.
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Epigenetic Modifications in Cancer
Authors: Yerlikaya Azmi , Kanbur Ertan , Stanley Bruce A. , Tümer Emrah
Published: August 2020

Background:

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in almost all cellular processes
(cell cycle, gene transcription and translation, cell survival and apoptosis, cell metabolism and protein quality
control) mainly through the specific degradation of the majority of intracellular proteins (>80%) or partial processing
of transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB). A growing amount of evidence now indicates that epigenetic
changes are also regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Recent studies indicate that epigenetic regulations
are equally crucial for almost all biological processes as well as for pathological conditions such as
tumorigenesis, as compared to non-epigenetic control mechanisms (i.e., genetic alterations or classical signal
transduction pathways).

Objective:

Here, we reviewed the recent work highlighting the interaction of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
components (e.g., ubiquitin, E1, E2 and E3 enzymes and 26S proteasome) with epigenetic regulators (histone
deacetylases, histone acetyltransferases and DNA methyltransferases).

Results:

Alterations in the regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway have been discovered in many pathological
conditions. For example, a 2- to 32-fold increase in proteasomal activity and/or subunits has been noted
in primary breast cancer cells. Although proteasome inhibitors have been successfully applied in the treatment
of hematological malignancies (e.g., multiple myeloma), the clinical efficacy of the proteasomal inhibition is
limited in solid cancers. Interestingly, recent studies show that the ubiquitin-proteasome and epigenetic pathways
intersect in a number of ways through the regulation of epigenetic marks (i.e., acetylation, methylation and
ubiquitylation).

Conclusion:

It is therefore believed that novel treatment strategies involving new generation ubiquitinproteasome
pathway inhibitors combined with DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylase or histone acetyltransferase
inhibitors may produce more effective results with fewer adverse effects in cancer treatment as compared
to standard chemotherapeutics in hematological as well as solid cancers.
In Vitro Anticancer Effects of Stilbene Derivatives: Mechanistic Studies on HeLa and MCF-7 Cells
Authors: Rashid Faisal , Saeed Aamer , Iqbal Jamshed
Published: August 2020

Background and Objective:

The growing prevalence of cancer and the resulting chemoresistance exert not only
a great healthcare burden but is also a great challenge to public health, worldwide. In search of new chemical entities
against cancer, triazine hybrids of stilbene scaffold were investigated for their anticancer potential.

Materials and Methods:

Synthetic triazine hybrids of stilbene were used for determination of their anticancer potential for
cervical (HeLa) and breast (MCF-7) carcinoma cells. Hit compound (7e) namely, sodium (E)-6,6'-(ethene-1,2-diyl)bis(3-
((4-chloro-6-((3-luorophenyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)benzenesulfonate) was explored further for mechanistic
studies.

Results:

In a set comprised of twelve derivatives, compound, sodium (E)-6,6'-(ethene-1,2-diyl)bis(3-((4-chloro-6-((3-
luorophenyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)benzenesulfonate) (7e) was found most active against HeLa and MCF-7
cells. The present study has revealed that compound 7e may activate mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in HeLa and
MCF-7 cells which was assessed by DNA binding studies, estimation of release of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH),
fluorescence imaging, production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in cancer cells, analysis of cell cycle by flow
cytometry, change in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, respectively.

Conclusion:

Compound 7e may serve as a lead in designing new anticancer compounds from stilbene scaffold.
Antibiotic Loaded Nano Rod Bone Cement for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis
Authors: Rajendran Mala , Iraivan Gazana , Ghayathri B.L.  , Mohan Preetha , Chandran Keerthana R. , Nagaiah Hari P. , Selvaraj Ruby C.A.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is the clinical gold standard
biomaterial for local antibiotic therapy in osteomyelitis. However, it releases 50% of the antibiotic
within the first three days. It generates excessive heat during polymerization and is non-biodegradable.
It must be removed by another operation. The best-known alternative for PMMA is hydroxyapatite.

Objective:

The present patented work is focused on synthesizing the biodegradable hydroxyapatite in
nano form for slow and sustained release of antibiotics and studying the release kinetics of antibiotics.

Method:

Nano-hydroxyapatite was synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized by particle
size analyser, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy
dispersive X-Ray analysis. Antibiotic loaded nano-hydroxyapatite was prepared as 7 mm beads.
The efficiency of drug-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite beads against osteomyelitic isolates was evaluated
by well diffusion assay. Zero-order, first order, second order, Higuchi model, Korsmeyer-Peppas and
Gompertz models were fit into the release kinetics of antibiotics from hydroxyapatite.

Results:

Average size of nano-hydroxyapatite was 5 nm. The bactericidal activity exhibited by antibiotic-
loaded micro-sized hydroxyapatite was therapeutic until 10 days only, whereas antibiotic-loaded
nano-hydroxyapatite was therapeutic until 8 weeks. This confirms the burst release of antibiotics from
micro-sized hydroxyapatite beads. In contrast, the release was slow and sustained up to 8 weeks from
nano-hydroxyapatite. Korsmeyer-Peppas model fits into the release kinetics of antibiotics from nanohydroxyapatite.

Conclusion:

Nano-hydroxyapatite with Ca/P ratio of 1.78 is suitable for the slow and sustained delivery of antibiotics for
8 weeks.
Φιλαργυρία – czy jedyny korzeń wszelkiego zła?
Authors: Tomczyk Dominik
Published: August 2020

Autor artykułu przedstawia analizę fragmentu 1 Listu do Tymoteusza 6, 10a i odpowiada na podstawowe pytanie, czy miłość pieniędzy (φιλαργυρία) jest rzeczywiście jedynym korzeniem wszelkiego zła? Autor analizuje relację Pawła Apostoła do filozofii stoików w kontekście określenia αὐτάρκεια. Następnie przedstawia słowo φιλαργυρία od strony semantycznej. Omawia po kolei kluczowe słowa tekstu: „korzeń” (ῥίζα), „wszelkie zło” (πάντον τῶν κακῶν) oraz „miłość pieniędzy” (φιλαργυρία). Brak rodzajnika określonego (ἡ) przy słowie „korzeń” (ῥίζα) sprawia, że należy traktować je jakościowo. Tym samym ῥίζα γὰρ πάντων τῶν κακῶν ἐστιν ἡ φιλαργυρία należy rozumieć następująco: (u)miłowanie pieniędzy nie jest jedynym korzeniem wszelkiego zła, ale jednym z wielu innych.
Applying and Extending the FITT Framework to Identify the Challenges and Opportunities of Successful eHealth Services for Patient Self-Management: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Kujala Sari , Ammenwerth Elske , Kolanen Heta , Ervast Minna
Published: August 2020

Background

The number of public eHealth services that support patient self-management is rapidly increasing. However, the implementation of these eHealth services for self-management has encountered challenges.

Objective

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the challenges and opportunities of implementing eHealth services for self-management by focusing on the fit between the technical solution and clinical use.

Methods

We performed in-depth interviews with 10 clinical project coordinators and managers who were responsible for developing and implementing various eHealth services for self-management interventions in five university hospitals in Finland. The results were analyzed using content analysis and open coding. The Fit between Individuals, Task, and Technology (FITT) framework was used to interpret the findings.

Results

The implementation of self-management services involved many challenges related to technical problems, health professional acceptance, patient motivation, and health organization and management. The implementers identified practices to manage the identified challenges, including improving the design of the technology, supporting health professionals in the adoption of the eHealth services, changing the work processes and tasks, involving patients, and collectively planning the implementation inside an organization. The findings could be mostly attributed to the dimensions of the FITT framework.

Conclusions

The FITT framework helped to analyze the challenges related to the implementation, and most of them were related to poor fit. The importance of patients as stakeholders in eHealth services for patient self-management needs to be highlighted. Thus, we propose that patients should be added as a different type of individual dimension to the FITT framework. In addition, the framework could be extended to include organization and management in a new context dimension.
Role of Assistive Robots in the Care of Older People: Survey Study Among Medical and Nursing Students
Authors: Łukasik Sylwia , Tobis Sławomir , Kropińska Sylwia , Suwalska Aleksandra
Published: August 2020

Background

Populations are aging at an alarming rate in many countries around the world. There has been not only a decrease in the number of births and an increase in the percentage of older people, but also an increase in the number of people living alone. There is growing demand for specialist medical care and daily care with the number of people who can act as caregivers reducing. The use of assistive robots can, at least partially, solve these problems.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the opinions of future health care professionals (medical and nursing students) regarding the use of assistive robots in the care of older people.

Methods

The study was conducted with a group of 178 students from Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland (110 nursing students and 68 medical students), using the Users’ Needs, Requirements, and Abilities Questionnaire.

Results

The participants of this study believed that assistive robots should, first of all, remind older people to take medication regularly, ensure their safety, monitor their health status and environment, provide cognitive training, and encourage them to maintain physical activity. In the students’ opinion, the robot should not be an older person’s companion but only act as an assistant. Nursing students had significantly higher scores than medical students in several statements concerning everyday use of robots, including reminding about meals (P=.03), monitoring the environment (P=.001), providing advice about a healthy diet (P=.04), monitoring the intake of food and fluids (P=.02), and automatic “switch on” function (P=.02). Nursing students were more focused on the social functions of robots, including encouraging contact with friends (P=.003) and reducing the sense of loneliness and improving mood (P=.008). Medical students were more aware of privacy issues in the statement concerning the possibility of switching off the robot in specific situations (P=.01).

Conclusions

Our study revealed a generally positive attitude of future doctors and nurses toward assistive robots, which can have an impact on their acceptance by older adults. In the future, medical professionals could help their patients to choose the right robots (and necessary functions) that are best suited to their needs. However, this would require expanding the curriculum to include the issues of gerontechnology.
Effectiveness of Combining Organizational Alcohol Policy and Skills Training for Managers to Reduce Hazardous Alcohol Consumption in Swedish Workplaces: Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Study (Preprint)
Authors: Elling Devy Lysandra , Wilson Martina , Carlbring Per , Wennberg Peter , Sundqvist Kristina
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

High alcohol consumption poses risks to individual health and society. Previous alcohol interventions have mainly focused on high-risk consumers or young adults in school-based settings. Since the majority of the adult population is in the workforce, the workplace can be considered a favorable arena for implementing interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This protocol describes a project aimed at increasing knowledge of the effectiveness of combining the implementation of an organizational alcohol policy with skills training for managers as a workplace alcohol prevention program, by evaluating the intervention and exploring managers’ perceptions of the intervention.

METHODS

Organizations with at least 100 employees were invited to take part in the project. A total of 11 organizations (744 managers and 11,761 employees) were included in the project. Data are collected through self-administered online surveys at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. The primary outcome is managers’ inclination to initiate an early alcohol intervention (eg, by initiating a dialogue) when concern regarding employees’ hazardous alcohol consumption arises. The secondary outcomes of interest are managers’ and employees’ organizational alcohol policy knowledge and changes in alcohol consumption, as measured using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) score. A linear mixed-model framework will be used to model variability on different levels. Primary analysis will follow an intention-to-treat approach. Additionally, managers’ responses from semistructured interviews will be analyzed using thematic analysis to explore managers’ experiences regarding the prevention program.

RESULTS

This study is ongoing. The overall study start was on January 2018, and the study is planned to end in December 2020. Baseline and 12-month follow-up measurements have been collected.

CONCLUSIONS

This project is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of an alcohol prevention program regarding higher inclination to initiate early alcohol interventions after policy implementation and skills training among managers, compared to the usual practices in the workplace. The results from this study can contribute to increased knowledge about alcohol interventions and future prevention programs in the workplace.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN17250048; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17250048

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/17145
The Effect of Pre-Consultation Information Videos on Patients Undergoing Carpal Tunnel Surgery: A Randomised Control Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Tso Reece , Symonds Tristan , Smith Justin , Bovey Peter
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Preoperative patient education is essential in ensuring patient satisfaction and optimising outcomes. With advances in technology, web-based education for preoperative care has become a useful tool to enhance in person consultations.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of web-based pre-consultation education videos on patient satisfaction and consultation time for patients undergoing carpal tunnel surgery (CTS).

METHODS

A randomised control study was conducted in Townsville. Participants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a web-based or no pre-consultation video prior to consultation. After the consultation, patients completed a Likert scale questionnaire on the content of the video and their overall satisfaction with it. Consultation time was measured from the time patients entered the room to when they exited the room. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata V16.

RESULTS

There were 60 patients included in the analysis, with 30 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. The results demonstrated a marginally higher satisfaction rate with the intervention group compared to the control group however this was not statistically significant (77% vs 70%, p = 0.559). Additionally, consultation time was found to be lower in the intervention group (6.4 minutes) when compared to the control group (12 minutes), with very strong evidence to suggest an association (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated that participants undergoing carpal tunnel surgery who engaged in pre consultation web-based education had a decreased consultation time and similar overall satisfaction. This suggests that web-based education may have a beneficial role for both surgeons and patients. Future research should be conducted to determine the optimal web-based education and to consider needs based education as a means of increasing patient satisfaction.
A Modular Mobile Health App for Personalized Rehabilitation Throughout the Breast Cancer Care Continuum: Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lim Ji Young , Kim Jong Kwang , Kim Yoon , Ahn So-Yeon , Yu Jonghan , Hwang Ji Hye
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Although many mobile health (mHealth) apps have evolved as support tools for self-management of breast cancer, limited studies have developed a comprehensive app and described the algorithms for personalized rehabilitation throughout the breast cancer care continuum.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop a comprehensive mobile app and to describe an algorithm that adjusts personalized content to facilitate self-management throughout the breast cancer care continuum.

METHODS

The development process of the modular mHealth app included the following 4 steps: (1) organizing expert teams, (2) defining evidence-based fundamental content and modules, (3) classifying user information for algorithms to personalize the content, and (4) creating the app platform and connectivity to digital health care devices.

RESULTS

We developed a modular mHealth app service, which took 18 months, including a review of related literature and guidelines and the development of the app and connectivity to digital health care devices. A total of 11 functionalities were defined in the app with weekly analysis. The user information classification was formulated for personalized rehabilitation according to 5 key criteria: general user information, breast operation type, lymph node surgery type, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy use, and change in treatment after surgery. The main modules for personalized content included a self-monitoring screen, personalized health information, personalized exercise, and diet management.

CONCLUSIONS

The strength of this study was the development of a comprehensive mHealth app and algorithms to adjust content based on user medical information for personalized rehabilitation during the breast cancer care continuum.
Inter-Organisational Coordination Work in Digital Curation: the Case of Eurobarometer
Authors: Eschenfelder Kristin , Shankar Kalpana
Published: August 2020

Open research is predicated upon seamless access to curated research data. Major national and European funding schemes, such as Horizon Europe, strongly encourage or require publicly funded data to be FAIR  - that is, Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (Wilkinson, 2016). What underpins such initiatives are the many data organizations and repositories working with their stakeholders and each other to establish policies and practices, implement them, and do the curatorial work to increase the available, discoverability, and accessibility of high quality research data. However, such work has often been invisible and underfunded, necessitating creative and collaborative solutions.

In this paper, we briefly describe how one such case from social science data: the processing of the Eurobarometer data set. Using content analysis of administrative documents and interviews, we detail how European data archives managed the tensions of curatorial work across borders and jurisdictions from the 1970s to the mid-2000s, the challenges that they faced in distributing work, and the solutions they found. In particular, we look at the interactions of the Council of European Social Science Data Archives (CESSDA) and social science data organizations (DO) like UKDA, ICPSR, and GESIS and the institutional and organizational collaborations that made Eurobarometer â€œtoo big to failâ€. We describe some of the invisible work that they underwent in the past in making data in Europe findable, accessible, interoperable, and conclude with implications for â€œfrictionlessâ€ data access and reuse today.
Is the Judicial Role Just a Descriptive Social Fact?
Authors: Faggion Vinicius
Published: August 2020

El libro Moral Combat: The Dilemma of Legal Perspectivalism, de Heidi Hurd, intenta determinar el ámbito de las obligaciones morales en la toma de decisiones judiciales, y llega a una conclusión escéptica sobre moralidades relacionadas con papeles. Continuaré esta discusión relacionando las tesis de Hurd con tres teorías conocidas sobre obligaciones de papales. En seguida, argumentaré qué papeles profesionales en sí mismos no pueden generar obligaciones morales. Y, finalmente, explicaré cómo otra teoría puede explicar mejor la relación entre papeles judiciales y obligaciones morales de una manera no constitutiva.
Is Bernard Williams’ Distance Relativism Really Defeated by Heidi Hurd’s Attack on Perspectivalism?
Authors: Porto Macedo Junior Ronaldo
Published: August 2020

El punto abordado en este comentario es sólo uno de los muchos temas posibles que podrían ser discutidos. Sin embargo, creo que es un punto serio que concierne a una de las premisas clave del argumento general de Hurd. Mi objetivo es discutir la refutación que hace Hurd a la defensa de Bernard Williams del llamado relativismo de la valoración o relativismo de la distancia. Aunque este tema ocupa sólo cinco páginas en todo el libro, creo que es central para la argumentación general contra el relativismo moral, que es un pilar fundamental de la tesis principal del texto. En primer lugar, presentaré el tema central de la obra y cómo está estructurada. Luego mostraré cómo la refutación del relativismo moral es un punto clave para la tesis principal del libro. Más adelante presentaré el argumento de Williams, y sus llamados defectos principales, según Hurd. Finalmente, examinaré el ataque de Hurd al relativismo de valoración y el fracaso de Hurd en refutar las afirmaciones de Williams.