bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Snowy Day in the Civil Rights Era: Peter’s Political Innocence and Unpublished Letters from Langston Hughes, Ellen Tarry, Grace Nail Johnson, and Charlemae Hill Rollins
Authors: Sasser M. Tyler
Published: August 2014

Immediately following the publication of The Snowy Day (1962), Ezra Jack Keats received letters from prominent leaders and writers Langston Hughes, Ellen Tarry, Grace Nail Johnson, and Charlemae Hill Rollins. These letters reveal new early responses to a picture book known for the controversy surrounding its depiction of Peter and his mother. In order to understand these figures’ attraction to what they describe as the boy’s supposed charm and natural innocence, this essay positions The Snowy Day within contesting Civil Rights politics. Doing so allows us not only to understand how the performance of childhood innocence influenced Civil Rights but also to reevaluate the early reception of this book. This article addresses issues concerning the politics of Black childhood, the role of interracial collaboration, and the position of these authors within the broader world of children’s literature by arguing that Keats’s attempt to depict a natural and innocent child actively participates in Civil Rights politics.
Growing Partners: Building a Community–Academic Partnership to Address Health Disparities in Rural North Carolina
Authors: De Marco Molly , Kearney William , Smith Tosha , Jones Carson , Kearney-Powell Arconstar , Ammerman Alice
Published: August 2014

Background: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) holds tremendous promise for addressing public health disparities. As such, there is a need for academic institutions to build lasting partnerships with community organizations. Herein we have described the process of establishing a relationship between a research university and a Black church in rural North Carolina. We then discuss Harvest of Hope, the church-based pilot garden project that emerged from that partnership.
Methods: The partnership began with a third-party effort to connect research universities with Black churches to address health disparities. Building this academic–community partnership included collaborating to determine research questions and programming priorities. Other aspects of the partnership included applying for funding together and building consensus on study budget and aims. The academic partners were responsible for administrative details and the community partners led programming and were largely responsible for participant recruitment.
Results: The community and academic partners collaborated to design and implement Harvest of Hope, a church-based pilot garden project involving 44 youth and adults. Community and academic partners shared responsibility for study design, recruitment, programming, and reporting of results. The successful operation of the Harvest of Hope project gave rise to a larger National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded study, Faith, Farming and the Future (F3) involving 4 churches and 60 youth. Both projects were CBPR efforts to improve healthy food access and reducing chronic disease. This partnership continues to expand as we develop additional CBPR projects targeting physical activity, healthy eating, and environmental justice, among others. Benefits of the partnership include increased community ownership and cultural appropriateness of interventions. Challenges include managing expectations of diverse parties and adequate communication. Lessons learned and strategies for building and maintaining similar partnerships are discussed.
Conclusions: The benefits of community-based research for addressing health disparities are many, and there are lessons to be learned that can strengthen community–academic partnerships.
Evaluating Community and Campus Environmental Public Health Programs
Authors: Pettibone Kristianna G. , Parras Juan , Croisant Sharon Petronella , Drew Christina H.
Published: August 2014

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences’ (NIEHS) Partnerships for Environmental Public Health (PEPH) program created the Evaluation Metrics Manual as a tool to help grantees understand how to map out their programs using a logic model, and to identify measures for documenting their achievements in environmental public health research. This article provides an overview of the manual, describing how grantees and community partners contributed to the manual, and how the basic components of a logic model can be used to identify metrics. We illustrate how the approach can be implemented, using a real-world case study from the University of Texas Medical Branch, where researchers worked with community partners to develop a network to address environmental justice issues.
Making Human Subject Protection Training Community Responsive: Experiences Delivering on the Community-Based Participatory Research Promise
Authors: Spencer-Hwang Rhonda , Soret Sam , Halstead Linda , Dougherty Molly , Valladares Johanny , Rangel Sany , Youssef Caroline , Maldonado-Gamboa Thelma , Montgomery Susanne
Published: August 2014

Background: A community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach was used by the California-based Environmental Railyard Research (ENRRICH) Study, a partnership between scientists from Loma Linda University (LLU) and a local community organization, with the aim of assessing the health effects of exposure to emissions from a rail yard on a community.
Methods/Results: To allow meaningful community participation in all study activities and comply with institutional review board (IRB) requirements, all participants involved needed to be properly trained and certified in the ethical conduct of human subjects (HS) research. Existing IRB training materials and the conventional certification methods designed for university scientists are not well-suited for community members who often face educational as well as language barriers.
Conclusion: The purpose of this article is to share experiences in developing and implementing a customized human subject research curriculum, which was community responsive and addressed IRB requirements.
Sex and “Unsex”: Histories of Gender Trouble in Eighteenth-Century North America
Authors: LaFleur Greta
Published: August 2014

This article argues that residents of late eighteenth-century North America had access to a wide vocabulary for describing and experiencing variation in sexual behavior and self-presentation. Building on work in eighteenth-century science studies, this article reminds us that gender, a term that was used during the eighteenth century to describe groups of either sex, was increasingly understood as a way of characterizing men and women along specific behavioral or taxonomic lines. The article makes three claims: first, that the enormous body of scholarship on the relationality and contingency of eighteenth-century gender has not yet coalesced into an overarching narrative within eighteenth-century studies that reflects this understanding of the instability of gender during this period; second, that to center a historical narrative of the instability of eighteenth-century gender in our scholarship and teaching, we must center studies of gender that are theorized intersectionally (the history of gender in Caribbean colonies, rather than metropolitan spaces; the history of gender in working-class communities, rather than ruling-class communities; and so on) because this scholarship takes the relationality of gender as fundamental; and finally, that theorizing transhistorical “similarity” (as distinct from continuity) bears important potential as a framework for imagining a historically rigorous relationship between the politics of gender in the eighteenth century and the politics of gender today.
Fate, Philology, Freud
Authors: Brody Jules
Published: August 2014

Such terms as Fate, Necessity, Destiny are routinely treated as high-level philosophical and theological abstractions. This article argues in favor of viewing them, alternatively, in terms of their philological and etymological content. Its method is based on the work of Richard B. Onians, who saw in these locutions only half-dead metaphors, which were used in the oldest texts not, as we do, to express abstract ideas, but, rather, to represent pseudoscientific notions and to describe religious convictions concerning the hidden forces that were thought to govern human existence. Examples are drawn from the entire range of ancient Greek epic and tragic literature, as filtered through the lens of the classically educated Sigmund Freud.
Virginia Woolf’s Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy
Authors: Reynier Christine
Published: August 2014

In spite of her claim for modernity, Woolf’s work owes a lot to the Victorian tradition, especially, I will argue, to British moral philosophers. Moral philosophy, from the early Utilitarians to Sidgwick’s Methods of Ethics and Stephen’s Science of Ethics , will be shown to resonate in Woolf’s work. Basing my argument on “On Being Ill,” I will show that Woolf reenacts in an original way the debates over morals and ethics that took place in Victorian times, while responding to Moore’s philosophy as expounded in Principia Ethica and qualifying it, thus paving the way for later twentieth- and twenty-first-century ethical theories.
Rabbi Elisha Ben Abuyah “At the Mind’s Limit”: Between Theodicy and Fate
Authors: Swazo Norman K.
Published: August 2014

Is there a limit set to human reason, where the mind must halt its inquiries without assuaging its perplexity? For rabbinic tradition, there is a limit; and a rabbi especially ought not to challenge the orthodoxy that governs Jewish religious belief. The legendary Rabbi Elisha ben Abuyah sought the certitude of reason, overstepped the limit—“Free reason . . . is a heady wine”—and was castigated a pariah. But was he? Milton Steinberg’s As a Driven Leaf elicits a far more sympathetic intellectual and emotional response to Elisha, the man, and his quest, pressing us to interrogate the limit of faith and reason.
Philosophy and the Bible: The Case of Open Theism
Authors: Levi Don
Published: August 2014

Does God know what people will freely do? An obvious source to consult is the Bible—which is what the philosophers who debate about open theism do. They agree that God is omniscient. However, open theists insist that God does not know what we will freely do, and the other side disagrees. The problem is that both sides seem to misread the Bible in order to make it philosophically relevant, which is not surprising because the philosophy they read into it is problematic. This result raises questions I try to answer: How are their readings questionable because they are used for philosophical purposes? How should the relevant texts be read?
Middlemen and Marriage in Mary Davys’s The Reform’d Coquet
Authors: Genovese Michael
Published: August 2014

Commonly discussed for its treatment of gender and disguise, Mary Davys’s The Reform’d Coquet (1724) remains untouched by scholarship on the economic concerns of early eighteenth-century literature. But when we attend to the economic circumstances of the plot, a story of reformation emerges concerning the capitalist figure of the middleman—that is, the agent acting in a merchant’s interest who was generally met with distrust in the eighteenth century. As I argue, The Reform’d Coquet transforms a middleman into a married man, and, by unveiling the middleman as an eligible bachelor, Davys’s novel overcomes the historically “insurmountable illegitimacy” of the merchant (to borrow Marcel Hénaff’s phrase) by making his mediation essential to domestic harmony.
Literary Past and Present in Charlotte Smith’s Elegiac Sonnets
Authors: Roberts Bethan
Published: August 2014

This essay considers Charlotte Smith’s treatment of the River Arun in her Elegiac Sonnets , focusing on how the river functions as a metaphor for literary influence and dramatizes her engagement with a range of poetic predecessors and contemporaries. In later editions of her sonnets, the sea replaces the river in importance and inscribes a rather different poetic outlook. In tracing the shift between river and sea, this essay offers a new way of situating and reading Smith’s sonnets as poems frequently celebrated for their innovation. This essay argues that the poems are nonetheless also deeply engaged with the literary past.
Isotopic invisibility of protozoan trophic steps in marine food webs
Authors: Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Andrés , Décima Moira , Popp Brian N. , Landry Michael R.
Published: August 2014

According to modern oceanographic perspectives that emphasize microbial pathways, phagotrophic protists comprise one to several levels of intermediate consumers between phytoplankton and larger metazooplankton (copepods and krill). However, recent attempts to quantify pelagic trophic structure in the open ocean using nitrogen stable isotope techniques have brought into question whether such measurements adequately account for protistan trophic steps. Here, we use a two‐stage chemostat system, with Dunaliella tertiolecta and Oxyrrhis marina as a predator—prey model, to address this question experimentally. To investigate 15N trophic discrimination under different conditions of nitrogen availability and recycling, Oxyrrhis was fed in the light and in the dark on phytoplankton provided with high and low nutrient ratios of N : P. We used both bulk and amino acids—compound specific isotopic analysis (AA—CSIA) to distinguish trophic fractionation from changes in the δ15N values of phytoplankton (isotopic baseline). Results demonstrate that protistan consumers are not, in fact, significantly enriched in 15N relative to their prey, a marked departure from the general findings for metazoan consumers. In addition, we show that changes in the isotopic baseline propagate rapidly through the protistan food chain, highlighting the need to account for this variability at ecologically relevant time scales. If protistan trophic steps are largely invisible or significantly underestimated using nitrogen isotope measurements, research that utilize such measurements in ecological, fisheries, and climate change studies may miss a large part of the ocean's variability in food‐web structure and ecosystem function.
Regional‐scale variation of dissolved organic carbon concentrations in Swedish lakes
Authors: Seekell David A. , Lapierre Jean-François , Pace Michael L. , Gudasz Cristian , Sobek Sebastian , Tranvik Lars J.
Published: August 2014

We assessed spatial variability in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations measured in nearly 2000 Swedish lakes. Inter‐lake variance peaked at two different scales, representing within‐region and between‐region variability. The variation between regions was greater than the variation among lakes within regions. We tested relationships between DOC and runoff, drainage ratio, and altitude for spatial heterogeneity using geographically weighted regression. Relationships varied geographically, but cluster analysis delineated two contiguous regions of similar relationships. Altitude had a significant inverse relationship with DOC in the highlands, and drainage ratio had a significant positive relationship with DOC in the lowlands. These heterogeneous relationships explained regional patterns in DOC concentrations. We conclude that regions, rather than individual lakes, are a key, emergent scale of spatial variability for DOC concentrations. This scale of variability reflects the intersection of environmental gradients (e.g., altitude) with spatially heterogeneous relationships (e.g., DOC—drainage ratio relationship). Regional‐scale structure in limnological patterns indicates that individual lakes are not independent from one another, but are emergent groups where DOC concentrations are a function of similar environmental patterns and processes.
Surface biological, chemical, and optical properties of the Patagonian Shelf coccolithophore bloom, the brightest waters of the Great Calcite Belt
Authors: Balch W. M. , Drapeau D. T. , Bowler B. C. , Lyczkowski E. R. , Lubelczyk L. C. , Painter S. C. , Poulton A. J.
Published: August 2014

We report surface observations of a mesoscale coccolithophore bloom at the shelf break of the Patagonian Shelf during December 2008, representing the densest coccolithophore population in the Southern Ocean. The bloom was most intense within the Falklands Current, northeast of the Falkland Islands. Emiliania huxleyi dominated bloom waters, with a mixed E. huxleyi and Prorocentrum sp. dinoflagellate bloom to the west and mixed assemblage of diatoms, dinoflagellates, and flagellates to the east. Optical measurements of coccolith light scattering, analytical measurements of their calcite, and microscopic counts all showed this to be an intense coccolithophore bloom. Average particulate inorganic carbon per coccolith in the bloom was low, typical of the B coccolith morphotype and in agreement with independent measurements made by scanning electron microscopy. Highest particulate inorganic carbon (measured optically and chemically) was observed when residual nitrate (defined as the difference, [NO3−1] − [Si(OH)4]) was 10–17 µmol L−1 and nitrate to phosphate ratios were close to Redfield values. Elevated particle backscattering was observed in the E. huxleyi bloom, whereas the highest particle scattering occurred in the adjoining Prorocentrum sp. bloom. Backscattering from coccolithophores represented up to 50% of the total backscattering (from organic and inorganic particles) along the main axis of the E. huxleyi bloom. Chlorophyll‐specific absorption in the coccolithophore bloom was typical of marine phytoplankton. Residual nitrate plotted vs. temperature showed that the E. huxleyi bloom was associated with waters between 5°C and 15°C, with depleted silicate. Results suggest that previous drawdown of silicate by diatoms occurred prior to the densest E. huxleyi blooms over the Patagonian Shelf. We speculate that such conditions might also be important for annual development of the broader Great Calcite Belt and other coccolithophore blooms..
Heterosexual Gender Relations and Masculinity in Fathers Who Smoke
Authors: Kwon Jae‐Yung , Oliffe John L. , Bottorff Joan L. , Kelly Mary T.
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this research was to explore the role of masculinity and heterosexual gender relations in new and expectant fathers' explanations of their continued smoking. We conducted a secondary analysis of in‐depth interviews with 20 fathers. Two themes were identified: (1) reconciling with partners to maintain a smoke‐free family home; and (2) smoking to self‐regulate emotions and maintain relationships. Fathers' decisions to smoke and changes in smoking behavior were shaped by ideals of masculinity and by partner relationships and family and social contexts, including division of domestic duties and childcare. Recognizing the influence of both masculinity and gender relations could provide new directions for supporting men's smoking cessation efforts during early parenthood. © 2014 The Authors. Research in Nursing & Health Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical studies on the pyrolysis of (Thion)carbonates
Authors: Wu Ping , Li Jiaxing
Published: August 2014

MP2/6-31G(d) was employed to investigate the theoretical calculations on the pyrolysis of alkyl methyl (thion)carbonates, where alkyl groups referred to ethyl, isopropyl and t-butyl groups. Nine possible pathways were considered for the pyrolysis of alkyl methyl thioncarbonates, while only seven possible pathways were found to pyrolyze alkyl methyl carbonates. Both of them had three pathways to generate the desired alkene products. Not only thermal elimination pathways were calculated, other possible mechanisms, such as rearrangements and nucleophilic substitutions, were also considered. The progress of the reactions was also investigated by the calculation of Wiberg bond indices at MP2/6-31G(d) level.
Patients’ Experiences with Specialist Care via Video Consultation in Primary Healthcare in Rural Areas
Authors: Johansson Annette M. , Lindberg Inger , Söderberg Siv
Published: August 2014

Introduction. Video consultation (VC) can improve access to specialist care, especially for individuals who live in rural areas that are long distances from specialist clinics.Aim. The aim of this study was to describe patients’ experiences with specialist care via VC encounters.Method. Interviews were conducted with 26 patients who had participated in a VC encounter. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis.Result. The analysis resulted in two themes. The theme “confident with the technology” was constructed from the categories “possibilities and obstacles in using VC encounters” and “advantages and disadvantages of the technology.” The theme “personal satisfaction with the VC encounters” was constructed from the categories “support from the healthcare personnel,” “perceived security,” and “satisfaction with the specialist consultation.”Conclusion. The patients who did not think that the VC was the best care still considered that the visit was adequate because they did not have to travel. An important finding was that the patients’ perceived even short distances to specialty care as expensive journeys because many patients had low incomes. Among the patients who had more than one VC, the second encounter was perceived as safer. Additionally, good communication was essential for the patient’s perception of security during the VC encounter.
Palladium(II) Complexes Containing Mixed Nitrogen-Sulphur Donor Ligands: Interaction of [Pd(Methionine Methyl Ester)(H2O)2]2+with Biorelevant Ligands
Authors: Shoukry Mohamed M. , Ezzat Sameya M. T.
Published: August 2014

Pd(MME)Cl2complex (MME = methionine methyl ester) was synthesised and characterized by physicochemical measurements. The reaction of [Pd(MME)(H2O)2]2+with amino acids, peptides, or dicarboxylic acids was investigated at 25°C and 0.1 M ionic strength. Amino acids and dicarboxylic acids form 1 : 1 complexes. Peptides form both 1 : 1 complexes and the corresponding deprotonated amide species. The stability of the complexes formed was determined and the binding centres of the ligands were assigned. Effect of solvent on the stability constant of Pd(MME)-CBDCA complex, taken as a representative example, shows that the complex is more favoured in a medium of low dielectric constant. The concentration distribution diagrams of the complexes were evaluated.
Neuroelectrical Correlates of Trustworthiness and Dominance Judgments Related to the Observation of Political Candidates
Authors: Vecchiato Giovanni , Toppi Jlenia , Maglione Anton Giulio , Olejarczyk Elzbieta , Astolfi Laura , Mattia Donatella , Colosimo Alfredo , Babiloni Fabio
Published: August 2014

The present research investigates the neurophysiological activity elicited by fast observations of faces of real candidates during simulated political elections. We used simultaneous recording of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals as well as galvanic skin response (GSR) and heart rate (HR) as measurements of central and autonomic nervous systems. Twenty healthy subjects were asked to give judgments on dominance, trustworthiness, and a preference of vote related to the politicians’ faces. We used high-resolution EEG techniques to map statistical differences of power spectral density (PSD) cortical activity onto a realistic head model as well as partial directed coherence (PDC) and graph theory metrics to estimate the functional connectivity networks and investigate the role of cortical regions of interest (ROIs). Behavioral results revealed that judgment of dominance trait is the most predictive of the outcome of the simulated elections. Statistical comparisons related to PSD and PDC values highlighted an asymmetry in the activation of frontal cortical areas associated with the valence of the judged trait as well as to the probability to cast the vote. Overall, our results highlight the existence of cortical EEG features which are correlated with the prediction of vote and with the judgment of trustworthy and dominant faces.
Residual Symmetries Applied to Neutrino Oscillations at NOνA and T2K
Authors: Hanlon Andrew D. , Repko Wayne W. , Dicus Duane A.
Published: August 2014

The results previously obtained from the model-independent application of a generalized hidden horizontalZ2symmetry to the neutrino mass matrix are updated using the latest global fits for the neutrino oscillation parameters. The resulting prediction for the DiracCPphaseδDis in agreement with recent results from T2K. The distribution for the Jarlskog invariantJνhas become sharper and appears to be approaching a particular region. The approximate effects of matter on long-baseline neutrino experiments are explored, and it is shown how the weak interactions between the neutrinos and the particles that make up the Earth can help to determine the mass hierarchy. A similar strategy is employed to show how NOνA and T2K could determine the octant ofθa(≡θ23). Finally, the exact effects of matter are obtained numerically in order to make comparisons with the form of the approximate solutions. From this analysis there emerge some interesting features of the effective mass eigenvalues.
Leishmaniasp. Amastigotes Identification in Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor
Authors: Carreira Vinicius Soares , Ferrari Heitor Flávio , Langohr Ingeborg Maria , Mackenzie Charles , Montezzo Luiz Carlos , Taira Edson , Floeter-Winter Lucile Maria , Luvizotto Maria Cecília Rui
Published: August 2014

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease withLeishmania chagasibeing the etiological agent of canine visceral leishmaniasis in South America. Canine venereal tumor is a transplantable round cell tumor of histiocytic origin which is mostly observed in sexually active male and female intact dogs. It has been shown thatLeishmaniaamastigotes have higher tropism for the canine male genital tract tissues and venereal leishmaniasis transmission has been documented in dogs but, to date, a canine venereal tumor-dependent transmission route has not been fully demonstrated. In this report, a 10-year-old, mixed breed, intact female dog presented a vaginal venereal transmissible tumor but no other clinical abnormalities otherwise. Unexpectedly, tumor tissue imprint smears examination revealedLeishmaniasp. amastigotes within infiltrating macrophages. In addition to the cytological direct identification, the protozoan was confirmed within the neoplastic tissue by means of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. This report illustrates an asymptomaticLeishmaniasp. infection that may have started on or from the canine venereal tumor tissue, the latter option further supporting previous evidence of such an alternative vector-independent route of transmission for canine visceral leishmaniasis in areas where these diseases coexist.
Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Graphene Modified CuO‐ZnO‐Al2O3 for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Liu Zheng-juan , Tang Xing-jiang , Xu Shan , Wang Xiao-lai
Published: August 2014

CuO‐ZnO‐Al2O3 and graphene nanosheet (GNS) were synthesized by coprecipitation route and reduction of exfoliated graphite oxides method, respectively. GNS modified CuO‐ZnO‐Al2O3 nanocomposites were synthesized by high energy ball milling method. The structure, morphology, and character of the synthesized materials were studied by BET, XRD, TEM, and H2‐TPR. It was found that by high energy ball milling method the CuO‐ZnO‐Al2O3 nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on GNS surfaces. The catalytic performance for the methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation was also tested. It was shown experimentally that appropriate incorporation of GNS into the CuO‐ZnO‐Al2O3 could significantly increase the catalyst activity for methanol synthesis. The 10 wt.% GNS modified CuO‐ZnO‐Al2O3 catalyst gave a methanol space time yield (STY) of 92.5% higher than that on the CuO‐ZnO‐Al2O3 catalyst without GNS. The improved catalytic performance was attributed to the excellent promotion of GNS to dispersion of CuO and ZnO particles.
Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: Increased Level of FGF-23 in a Patient with a Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor at the Tibia Expressing Periostin
Authors: Hautmann Anke H. , Schroeder Josef , Wild Peter , Hautmann Matthias G. , Huber Elisabeth , Hoffstetter Patrick , Fleck Martin , Girlich Christiane
Published: August 2014

In our case, a 45-year-old male patient had multiple fractures accompanied by hypophosphatemia. FGF-23 levels were significantly increased, and total body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tumor mass located at the distal tibia leading to the diagnosis of tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). After resection of the tumor, hypophosphatemia and the increased levels of FGF-23 normalized within a few days. Subsequent microscopic examination and immunohistochemical analysis revealed a phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor mixed connective tissue variant (PMTMCT) showing a positive expression of somatostatin receptor 2A (SSTR2A), CD68, and Periostin. Electron microscopy demonstrated a poorly differentiated mesenchymal tumor with a multifocal giant cell component and evidence of neurosecretory-granules. However, the resected margins showed no tumor-free tissue, and therefore a subsequent postoperative radiotherapy was performed. The patient is still in complete remission after 34 months. Tumor resection of PMTMCTs is the therapy of choice. Subsequent radiotherapy in case of incompletely resected tumors can be an important option to avoid recurrence or metastasis even though this occurs rarely. The prognostic value of expression of Periostin has to be evaluated more precisely in a larger series of patients with TIO.
ArabidopsisGrowth Simulation Using Image Processing Technology
Authors: Zhang Junmei , Ke Qiuhong , Tian Ye
Published: August 2014

This paper aims to provide a method to represent the virtualArabidopsisplant at each growth stage. It includes simulating the shape and providing growth parameters. The shape is described with elliptic Fourier descriptors. First, the plant is segmented from the background with the chromatic coordinates. With the segmentation result, the outer boundary series are obtained by using boundary tracking algorithm. The elliptic Fourier analysis is then carried out to extract the coefficients of the contour. The coefficients require less storage than the original contour points and can be used to simulate the shape of the plant. The growth parameters include total area and the number of leaves of the plant. The total area is obtained with the number of the plant pixels and the image calibration result. The number of leaves is derived by detecting the apex of each leaf. It is achieved by using wavelet transform to identify the local maximum of the distance signal between the contour points and the region centroid. Experiment result shows that this method can record the growth stage ofArabidopsisplant with fewer data and provide a visual platform for plant growth research.
Enhancement of Ultrahigh Performance Concrete Material Properties with Carbon Nanofiber
Authors: Ahmed Sbia Libya , Peyvandi Amirpasha , Soroushian Parviz , Lu Jue , Balachandra Anagi M.
Published: August 2014

Ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) realized distinctly high mechanical, impermeability, and durability characteristics by reducing the size and content of capillary pore, refining the microstructure of cement hydrates, and effectively using fiber reinforcement. The dense and fine microstructure of UHPC favor its potential to effectively disperse and interact with nanomaterials, which could complement the reinforcing action of fibers in UHPC. An optimization experimental program was implemented in order to identify the optimum combination of steel fiber and relatively low-cost carbon nanofiber in UHPC. The optimum volume fractions of steel fiber and carbon nanofiber identified for balanced improvement of flexural strength, ductility, energy sorption capacity, impact, and abrasion resistance of UHPC were 1.1% and 0.04%, respectively. Desired complementary/synergistic actions of nanofibers and steel fibers in UHPC were detected, which were attributed to their reinforcing effects at different scales, and the potential benefits of nanofibers to interfacial bonding and pull-out behavior of fibers in UHPC. Modification techniques which enhanced the hydrophilicity and bonding potential of nanofibers to cement hydrates benefited their reinforcement efficiency in UHPC.
Magnetized Anisotropic Dark Energy Models in Barber’s Second Self-Creation Theory
Authors: Pawar D. D. , Solanke Y. S.
Published: August 2014

The present paper deals with Bianchi type IX cosmological model with magnetized anisotropic dark energy by using Barber’s self-creation theory. The energy momentum tensor consists of anisotropic fluid with EoS parameterωand a uniform magnetic field of energy densityρB. In order to obtain the exact solution we have assumed that dark energy components and the components of magnetic field interact minimally and obey the law of conservation of energy momentum tensors. We have also used the special law of variation for the mean generalized Hubble parameter and power law relation between scalar field and scale factor. Some physical and kinematical properties of the models have been discussed.
Positive Solutions for a Nonlinear Higher Order Differential System with Coupled Integral Boundary Conditions
Authors: Li Yaohong , Zhang Haiyan
Published: August 2014

We investigate the existence of positive solutions for a nonlinear higher order differential system, where the differential system is coupled not only in the differential system but also through the boundary conditions. By constructing a special cone and using the fixed point theorem of cone expansion and compression of norm type, the existence of single and multiple positive solutions is established. As an application, we give some examples to demonstrate our results.
Fabrication of Porous and Nanoporous Aluminum via Selective Dissolution of Al-Zn Alloys
Authors: Suárez Oscar Marcelo , Estremera Elvin G. , Soler Rafael , Declet Amarilis , Hernández-Maldonado Arturo J.
Published: August 2014

Porous and nanoporous aluminum have been fabricated via selective dissolution. Al-Zn alloys were dealloyed in an aqueous solution of nitric acid to selectively dissolve zinc. Fast solidification methods permitted to adjust the precursor microstructure of the parent alloy in order to induce supersaturation of zinc in aluminum. An electric potential applied during corrosion affected the final morphology of porosity. Electronic imaging evinced the presence of regions with less than 100 nm diameter pores. This nanoporosity was only present in electrochemically dealloyed samples. We observed two types of porosity in dealloyed samples: a primary porosity resulting from the selective removal of zinc-rich interdendritic phases and a secondary porosity resulting from nanoporosity evolution inside zinc-supersaturated dendrites.
Class and the Time of the Nation in Preeta Samarasan’s Evening Is the Whole Day
Authors: Erwin Lee
Published: August 2014

Beginning with the complex relationship between the nation-state and cosmopolitanism in postcolonial studies and the profound imbrication in those complexities of the novel as a genre, this essay suggests that the doubled and in part reversed narrative structure of Preeta Samarasan’s novel of Malaysia, Evening Is the Whole Day (2008), offers a reflection upon the capacities and limitations of the novel in imagining the nation and its potential in the decades following independence. While the novel’s two narratives can be read first of all through Homi Bhabha’s conceptions of the pedagogical and the performative, the reversal of the performative narrative also recalls the backward gaze of Walter Benjamin’s angel of history, suggesting that the narrative significance of the moment (and the figure) upon which the novel gazes depends above all on questions of class. As a result, Samarasan’s novel poses a challenge to the way both pedagogical and performative conceptions of nation and novel, in their explicit or implicit historicism, occlude such questions. The cosmopolitan mobility frequently offered as an alternative to the troubled nation and its exclusivist discourses of “race” is thus shown to be itself inadequate for a figure who has been excluded from family, nation, and mobility.
Rites of Passage: Moving Hearts and Transforming Memories in Michael Ondaatje’s The Cat’s Table
Authors: Walker Laura Savu
Published: August 2014

In his latest novel, The Cat’s Table (2011), Michael Ondaatje continues the project, started in his memoir, Running in the Family (1982), of understanding his childhood and mapping a space that he can call home by revisiting, from the remove of decades and another continent, the unforgettable three-week sea voyage from Colombo to London that he undertook in 1954. This essay explores the interplay between two modes of memorial expression—the first “sensory, perceptual, affective, and automatic,” the second “verbal, purposeful, and reflective” (Pillemer 100)—and the implications they carry for the narrator’s self-perception both as a boy and an adult (writer). Contributing to the emotional waters Mynah navigates in the course of his voyage is his fascination with the “ex-centric” (Hutcheon) individuals he encounters onboard the Oronsay and whose stories become intertwined with his. Over and against the power relations that structure modern society and that too often bespeak a “cold-blooded self-sufficiency” ( Cat’s Table 257), Ondaatje pits those intimate bonds forged across differences of age, class, gender, race, and nationality that challenge the autonomy of the feeling self by foregrounding its deeply intersubjective nature.
Pure Ethnicity in Hybridization: A Returnee’s Quest for Chineseness in “Love in a Fallen City”
Authors: Meng Qiao , Omar Noritah
Published: August 2014

Most critics find Fan Liuyuan, the male protagonist in Eileen Chang’s novella “Love in a Fallen City” (1943), to be a simple character. What they fail to take into account, however, is the complexity of Fan Liuyuan’s identity as well as his predicament, both before and after his return to China. By adopting the concept of diaspora, the present study explores how his desire for an absent authentic Chinese culture is developed, and how his failure to come to terms with his hybrid identity in his search for pure ethnicity results in a series of fruitless attempts to construct his cultural identity in his homeland. Chang’s depiction of this futile pursuit indicates that pure “Chineseness” exists only in the diasporic imagination rather than in any tangible object or place. Such a revelation negates the essentialization of pure Chineseness and allows for more diverse articulations of diasporic ethnicity.
Feeling Good Inside: Benevolent Happiness in The Trail of the Go-Hawks
Authors: Harris E. Kay
Published: August 2014

“Feeling Good Inside” examines the trope of playing Indian in Emily Blackmore Stapp’s 1908 children’s book The Trail of the Go-Hawks . Over the course of the novel, the Go-Hawks, a playgroup whose members are predominately upper middle-class white children, learn that to be happy they must help others. My essay links their education in happiness to the education of American Indian children in “civilization” at off-reservation boarding schools established in the late nineteenth century to facilitate assimilation. Although Stapp’s novel does not include one character that could be identified as American Indian, I argue that it nevertheless models its benevolent enterprise on the off-reservation school program to restrict happiness and civilization to its privileged white children.
Sharers in the Contemplative Virtue: Julianus Pomerius’s Carolingian Audience
Authors: Timmermann Josh
Published: August 2014

Sometime between the end of the fifth century and the early sixth, the priest, grammarian, and rhetorician Julianus Pomerius composed a hortatory guidebook for bishops entitled De vita contemplativa . In the centuries following its composition, this paranetic text became erroneously attributed to Prosper of Aquitaine, the famous defender of Augustine’s doctrine of grace in mid-fifth-century Gaul. Consequently, Pomerius’s text was lent discernible authority, both through Prosper’s well-known connection to Augustine as well as through the apparent Augustinianism of the text itself. The De vita contemplativa was also often paired closely with the work of Gregory the Great, which served to further enhance the importance of the text for Carolingian bishops. As this article argues, Pomerius’s contention, that not only monks, but also worldly bishops could achieve an earthly form of perfection through a rigorous adherence to their duties as “watchmen,” proved remarkably appealing, and useful, to the Carolingian episcopate.
Ships and Conquests in Medieval England: Texts and Contexts
Authors: Schustereder Stefan J.
Published: August 2014

During the scholarly discussion about the complex relationship between the Anglo-Saxons and the sea, scholarship approached this relationship from a variety of perspectives including debates about the role of the sea for Anglo-Saxon culture, religion and identity. A closer examination of both the archaeological evidence of Anglo-Saxon seafaring and the use of ship terminology in writings from the Old English period indicates a possible relationship between a change of material culture in Britain during the Germanic invasions in the fifth and sixth century and the use of specific ship terminology in Old English. The exemplary discussion of the use of cēol , arguably the oldest Old English term for ships, indicates the continuing importance of ships, seafaring and conquests for an Anglo-Saxon identity throughout the Old English period. Approaching the relationship between the Anglo-Saxons and the sea from these different perspectives indicates the interconnectedness between their material culture, their literary traditions and their dealing with their own heroic past during the Old English period.
Miami’s Third Sector Alliance for Community Well-being
Authors: Evans Scotney D. , Raymond Catherine , Levine Daniella
Published: August 2014

The Problem: Traditional capacity-building approaches tend to be organizationally focused ignoring the fact that community-based organizations learn and take action in a larger network working to promote positive community change.
Purpose: The specific aim of this paper was to outline a vision for a Third Sector Alliance to build organizational, network, and sector capacity for community well-being in Miami.
Key Points: Building a foundation for social impact requires a strategy for organizational, network, and sector capacity building. Organizational, network, and sector capacity building can best be achieved through a cooperative network approach driven by a solid community–university partnership.
Conclusion: Although a Third Sector Alliance for Community Well-being does not yet exist in Miami, Catalyst Miami and the University of Miami (UM) have partnered closely to articulate a vision of what could be and have been working to make that vision a reality.
Trust Yet Verify: Physicians as Trusted Sources of Health Information on HPV for Black Women in Socioeconomically Marginalized Populations
Authors: Clark Cheryl R. , Baril Nashira C. , Achille Erline , Foster Shauntell , Johnson Natacha , Taylor-Clark Kalahn , Gagne Joshua J. , Olukoya Oluwakemi , Huisingh Carrie E. , Ommerborn Mark J. , Viswanath K.
Published: August 2014

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is highest among Black women and women of low socio economic position (SEP). These groups face inequities in access to health information on HPV.
Objectives: Our study sought to understand key information channels for delivering health information regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine to Black women of low SEP in Boston, Massachusetts. We anticipated that, owing to a legacy of experiences of discrimination, Black women of low SEP would prefer information from trusted and accessible sources, including friends, family, and community agencies, rather than clinical providers.
Methods: We conducted a qualitative analysis using focus groups. We conducted five focus groups among 25 women in Boston, Massachusetts.
Results: Contrary to what we anticipated, we found that women in all of the focus groups preferred to receive information from a physician or health center. Participants preferred to receive print materials they could triangulate with other sources. Notably, study participants had high access to care.
Conclusions: Our study suggests that physicians are trusted and preferred sources of information on HPV for Black women of low SEP in Boston. Our data underscore an important avenue for intervention: to improve dissemination of HPV-related information through physicians, including outreach in community settings.
Building Capacity in Child Welfare to Screen for Mental Health Challenges: Lessons Learned
Authors: Scott J. Taylor Bishop , Abraczinskas Michelle , Johnson Virginia A. , Cook James R. , Kilmer Ryan P. , Daniels Erskine N.
Published: August 2014

Background: Children involved in child welfare services are at high risk for emotional and behavioral problems that are not adequately identified and treated. As part of a federal review, Youth and Family Services (YFS), child protective services in Charlotte, North Carolina, was informed that they must improve their response to youth needs, particularly regarding mental health, or face losing millions of dollars in federal funding.
Objectives: We have described herein an effort to build agency capacity for identifying mental health needs through a community–university partnership and share lessons learned about implementing the new process.
Methods: Community and university partners came together to develop a mental health screening pilot for one Youth and Family Services (YFS) district.
Lessons Learned: Community–university partners across all levels of a hierarchically structured agency must work together to align implementation of partner activities with system-level goals. Recommendations for collaboration, from a stakeholder perspective, are also described.
Promoting Tobacco Cessation and Smoke-Free Workplaces Through Community Outreach Partnerships in Puerto Rico
Authors: Díaz-Toro Elba C. , Fernández Maria E. , Correa-Fernández Virmarie , Calo William A. , Ortiz Ana Patricia , Mejía Luz M. , Mazas Carlos A. , Santos-Ortiz María del Carmen , Wetter David W.
Published: August 2014

Background: Puerto Rico (PR) has a lower smoking prevalence than the United States (14.8% vs. 21.2%, respectively); nevertheless, the five leading causes of death are associated with smoking. There is a need to implement evidence-based tobacco control strategies in PR.
Objectives: The Outreach Pilot Program (OPP) was designed to engage communities, health professionals, and researchers in a network to advance health promotion activities and research to increase the use of the PR Quitline (PRQ) among smokers and promoting policies in support of smoke-free workplaces.
Methods: Using community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods, the OPP mobilized a network of community and academic partners to implement smoking cessation activities including referrals to the PRQ, adoption of evidence-based smoking cessation programs, and promotion of smoke-free legislation.
Results: Eighty organizations participated in the OPP. Collaborators implemented activities that supported the promotion of the PRQ and smoke-free workplaces policy and sponsored yearly trainings, including tobacco control conferences. From 2005 to 2008, physician referrals to the PRQ increased from 2.6% to 7.2%. The number of annual smokers receiving cessation services through the PRQ also increased from 703 to 1,086. The OPP shepherded a rigorous smoke-free law through participation in the development, promotion, and implementation of the smoke-free workplaces legislation as well as the creation of the PR Tobacco Control Strategic Plan, launched in 2006.
Conclusions: This project demonstrates the feasibility of developing a successful and sustainable community-based outreach program model that enlists the participation of academic researchers, community organizations, and health care providers as partners to promote tobacco control.