bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Redução do número de estabelecimentos familiares e do pessoal ocupado na agricultura familiar : hipóteses à luz da análise dos Censos Agropecuários 2006 e 2017
Authors: Valadares Alexandre Arbex , Alves Fábio
Published: August 2024

O Censo Agropecuário 2017 revelou mudanças significativas na agricultura familiar em comparação com 2006. O estudo analisa a variação na mão de obra ocupada e nos estabelecimentos agropecuários familiares. Desde 1985, o número de trabalhadores em estabelecimentos agropecuários caiu de 23,4 milhões para 15,1 milhões em 2017, com a média de pessoas por estabelecimento diminuindo de 4,03 para 2,98. Focando na população ocupada com mais de 14 anos, observa-se que, apesar de uma pequena redução total, a queda foi mais acentuada na agricultura familiar. Em 2017, havia 14,52 milhões de trabalhadores em estabelecimentos agropecuários, uma redução de 6% desde 2006. O número de trabalhadores em estabelecimentos familiares caiu 15% (de 11,41 milhões em 2006 para 9,67 milhões em 2017), enquanto nos não familiares aumentou 18% (de 4,09 milhões para 4,85 milhões). Esses dados sugerem que a redução da mão de obra na agricultura familiar pode estar ligada a fatores específicos desse setor ou mudanças mais amplas no panorama agrário. A análise descritiva inicial não permite estabelecer relações de causalidade, mas aponta para a necessidade de investigar mais a fundo as razões por trás dessas mudanças.
Condicionantes da aquisição de produtos da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar : uma análise comparativa em dois municípios paraenses
Authors: Alves Fábio , Silva Sandro Pereira , Valadares Alexandre Arbex , Bastian Lillian
Published: August 2024

Investigaram os fatores condicionantes para o grau de desempenho relacionado à aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar no âmbito do PNAE em dois municípios do estado do Pará: Ourém e Santa Izabel do Pará. De acordo com os autores, em que pese o contraste no cumprimento do dispositivo legal de inclusão da agricultura familiar no fornecimento de alimentos para os estudantes da rede pública, em ambos os municípios analisados, a pesquisa permitiu identificar uma série de fatores positivos que a relação da entrada dos produtores familiares no PNAE tem proporcionado a seus territórios, como o retorno de jovens ao campo, a expansão das áreas reservadas ao cultivo de alimentos e o aumento de renda das famílias.
O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) : instrumento de dinamismo econômico, combate à pobreza e promoção da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional em tempos de Covid-19
Authors: Sambuichi Regina Helena Rosa , Almeida Ana Flávia Cordeiro Souza de , Perin Gabriela , Spínola Paulo Asafe Campos , Pella Antônio Fernando Costa
Published: August 2024

Aborda o potencial do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) como ferramenta para mitigar os impactos econômicos e sociais da Covid-19 no Brasil, além de realizar projeções sobre o alcance do programa em diferentes cenários de investimento, visando gerar subsídios para auxiliar na tomada de decisão quanto à alocação de recursos em medidas para reduzir os efeitos negativos decorrentes da pandemia.
Agenda 2030 : objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável : avaliação do progresso das principais metas globais para o Brasil: ODS 1: acabar com a pobreza em todas as suas formas, em todos os lugares
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2024

O ODS 1 abrange cinco metas finalísticas, que estão associadas a dez indicadores globais que, em muitos casos, são calculados tanto em nível nacional quanto para subgrupos populacionais.
Agenda 2030 : objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável : avaliação do progresso das principais metas globais para o Brasil : ODS 10 : reduzir a desigualdade dentro dos países e entre eles
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2024

O Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) 10 tem como objetivo central reduzir a desigualdade dentro dos países e entre eles. A desigualdade da renda e a distribuição da riqueza dentro dos países, assim como entre eles, têm, de modo geral, crescido consideravelmente desde os anos 1980. Apesar do forte crescimento da China, enfrenta-se uma elevada e persistente desigualdade global. Além disso, a pandemia da covid-19 exacerbou de diversas formas as desigualdades existentes, especialmente em países emergentes e de baixa renda (Chancel et al., 2022; Stantcheva, 2022).
Agenda 2030 : objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável : avaliação do progresso das principais metas globais para o Brasil : ODS 11 : tornar as cidades e os assentamentos humanos inclusivos, seguros, resilientes e sustentáveis
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2024

As cidades brasileiras enfrentam a falta de moradias dignas e de infraestrutura, com marcantes desigualdades socioespaciais. Enquanto algumas áreas urbanas são densamente ocupadas por favelas e loteamentos precários, outras possuem infraestruturas, mas continuam subutilizadas. O Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (MCMV), implementado desde 2009, já entregou mais de 5 milhões de unidades habitacionais até 2020, mas não conseguiu reduzir significativamente o déficit habitacional ou melhorar as inadequações dos domicílios. A localização periférica dos empreendimentos habitacionais não tem ajudado a diminuir as desigualdades. O Plano Plurianual (PPA) 2024-2027 do governo federal inclui o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) 11, focado em cidades sustentáveis, política habitacional, acesso ao saneamento, cultura, esporte, lazer e combate à pobreza e desigualdades. O novo Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) também aborda temas do ODS 11, priorizando transporte sustentável, infraestrutura social inclusiva e cidades resilientes. O PPA 2024-2027 destaca a habitação e infraestrutura urbana como prioridades nacionais.
Agenda 2030 : objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável : avaliação do progresso das principais metas globais para o Brasil : ODS 12 : consumo responsável – assegurar padrões de consumo e produção sustentável
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2024

O desenvolvimento sustentável requer mudanças nos padrões de produção e consumo, promovendo uma produção mais limpa e um consumo mais responsável, considerando os limites dos recursos naturais e a capacidade do meio ambiente de absorver resíduos. Na produção, o desafio é adotar práticas e tecnologias que minimizem custos ambientais e sociais. No consumo, é necessária uma mudança de hábitos para utilizar bens e serviços que atendam às necessidades básicas, melhorando a qualidade de vida e reduzindo o uso de recursos naturais, a geração de resíduos e a emissão de poluentes e gases do efeito estufa. A questão de produção e consumo sustentáveis ganhou destaque internacionalmente com o Processo de Marrakesh, iniciado em 2003, coordenado pelo PNUMA e UNDESA, para implementar o conceito de produção e consumo sustentáveis. O Brasil aderiu ao processo em 2007, criando o Comitê Gestor de Produção e Consumo Sustentável em 2008, com participação de vários ministérios e parceiros do setor privado e da sociedade civil. Em 2011, foi divulgado o Plano de Ação para Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis (PPCS) para o período de 2011-2014. Contudo, esse esforço inicial não teve continuidade, e novos ciclos de implementação do PPCS não foram pactuados.
Agenda 2030 : objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável : avaliação do progresso das principais metas globais para o Brasil : ODS 13 : tomar medidas urgentes para combater a mudança do clima e seus impactos
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2024

O Brasil está retomando a agenda ambiental como prioridade, com a cooperação de diversos atores, incluindo o Estado, sociedade civil, academia, mídia, empresas e comunidade internacional. Após um período de menor preocupação com o meio ambiente, o país está recuperando sua liderança em iniciativas globais e nacionais para enfrentar problemas ambientais e mudanças climáticas, contando com grandes ativos como a Amazônia, rica biodiversidade e matriz energética renovável. Apesar das vantagens, o Brasil enfrenta desafios crescentes que conflitam com outras prioridades econômicas e sociais, como desigualdades, conflitos geopolíticos, pandemias e desastres naturais. O governo federal comprometeu-se a zerar o desmatamento ilegal até 2030 e estabeleceu a Agenda Transversal Ambiental no Plano Plurianual (PPA) 2024-2027, que inclui metas como reduzir em 20% ao ano o desmatamento nos seis biomas e proteger comunidades indígenas e quilombolas, ampliando significativamente suas áreas reconhecidas até 2027.
Agenda 2030 : objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável : avaliação do progresso das principais metas globais para o Brasil : ODS 15 : proteger, recuperar e promover o uso sustentável dos ecossistemas terrestres, gerir de forma sustentável as florestas, combater a desertificação, deter e reverter a degradação da terra e deter a perda de biodiversidade
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2024

O Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) 15 é Proteger, recuperar e promover o uso sustentável dos ecossistemas terrestres, gerir de forma sustentável as florestas, combater a desertificação, deter e reverter a degradação da terra e deter a perda de biodiversidade.
Agenda 2030 : objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável : avaliação do progresso das principais metas globais para o Brasil : ODS 2 : fome zero e agricultura sustentável
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2024

O ODS 2 – Acabar com a fome, alcançar a segurança alimentar e melhoria da nutrição e promover a agricultura sustentável – é essencial para o Brasil devido às antigas questões de fome e desigualdades estruturais. Embora a segurança alimentar e nutricional (SAN) seja um conceito mais recente nas políticas governamentais, começou a ser discutido no Brasil nos anos 1980, focando inicialmente apenas na oferta de alimentos e seus aspectos nutricionais.
Agenda 2030 : objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável : avaliação do progresso das principais metas globais para o Brasil : ODS 3 : assegurar uma vida saudável e promover o bem-estar para todas e todos, em todas as idades
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2024

Em 2015, ao assinar a Agenda 2030, o Brasil comprometeu-se com o ODS 3, que visa assegurar vida saudável e bem-estar para todos, abrangendo 13 metas monitoradas por 28 indicadores globais. Este objetivo é crucial para o Brasil devido a desafios como desigualdades no acesso à saúde, doenças infecciosas, aumento de doenças crônicas, altas taxas de mortalidade materna e infantil, e problemas de saúde mental. O ODS 3 orienta políticas para promover equidade, medidas preventivas, acesso universal a serviços de qualidade e estilos de vida saudáveis, impulsionando o desenvolvimento sustentável do país. Em 2018, o Ipea adaptou essas metas à realidade brasileira, com participação de servidores de vários órgãos, resultando em propostas revisadas submetidas a consulta pública.
Agenda 2030: objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável: avaliação do progresso das principais metas globais para o Brasil: ODS 5: alcançar a igualdade de gênero e empoderar todas as mulheres e meninas
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: August 2024

O avanço do Brasil em direção à igualdade de gênero e à eliminação da discriminação e violência baseada em gênero foi prejudicado pela crise política que se intensificou entre 2019 e 2022, abrindo espaço para tendências políticas conservadoras. Esse período viu ataques ao progresso da agenda de igualdade de gênero, considerada uma ameaça ao modelo patriarcal de família. O governo dessa época realizou campanhas de difamação e censura contra questões de gênero, alterando normas e materiais relacionados ao ODS 5 para substituir o termo "gênero" por "mulheres" e eliminar referências à igualdade e diversidade. A institucionalidade federal para questões de gênero foi enfraquecida, dificultando o monitoramento orçamentário específico. Durante esse período, o poder judiciário desempenhou um papel crucial ao acolher demandas da sociedade civil e frear retrocessos conservadores. Exemplos incluem a decisão de equiparar homotransfobia a crimes de racismo e a proteção contra censura de livros LGBTQIA+ em eventos culturais. O Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) e outros tribunais locais continuam trabalhando para declarar inconstitucionais ou ilegais diversas leis que visam proibir conteúdos de educação sexual, diversidade e igualdade de gênero nos currículos escolares.
Business education, innovation skills as predictors of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in university students
Authors: Laydes Marbelith , Vásquez Mery , Cruz-Tarrillo Joel , Diaz Robin Alexander
Published: August 2024

Considering the importance of entrepreneurship education in the social and economic sphere, the objective of this study was to examine how entrepreneurship education influences the development of innovative skills and entrepreneurial confidence of university students. To do this, it was necessary to adopt a quantitative methodological perspective to understand the relationship between the study variables. Through the application of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the development of the structural equation model (SEM), it was possible to know and confirm the effect and statistical relationship between the variables. The participants of this research were made up of a total of 701 students under quota sampling selection. Entrepreneurship education has been found to significantly influence the promotion of innovative skills and the development of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Furthermore, the study reveals that the acquisition of innovation competencies is a prerequisite for students to perform well in the business environment. These competencies not only enable them to adapt to changing environments but also foster creativity, systems thinking, and effective problem-solving. This study provides empirical evidence that entrepreneurship education is a relevant factor in strengthening and developing students’ innovation competencies and entrepreneurial self-efficacy.
An Approach to Substantiating the Composition of the Reconnaissance-Firing Systems
Authors: Maistrenko Olexandr , Khoma V. , Kurban V. , Prokopenko V.
Published: August 2024

An approach to justifying the composition of the reconnaissance-firing systems is proposed, which would consider the appropriate type of redundancy for each subsystem. Reconnaissance subsystems have a triple modular redundancy because this type of redundancy has a high degree of reliability of the received signal and a high probability of faultless work at the initial stage of operation. For the control subsystem, the most appropriate type of redundancy is passive redundancy, because this subsystem, as a rule, has the lowest failure rate among the elements of other subsystems. For the fire support subsystem, the most appropriate type of redundancy is sliding redundancy, because this type of redundancy allows you to ensure the redundancy of a larger number of main elements with a smaller number of spare ones. The application of the mentioned types of redundancy for these subsystems increases the probability of faultless work and saves the resource of redundancy elements.
Time Aspect of Insider Threat Mitigation
Authors: Vitalii Savchenko Vitalii Savchenko , Savchenko V. , Dzyuba T. , Matsko O. , Novikova I. , Havryliuk I. , Polovenko V.
Published: August 2024

The article reveals the problem of mitigating an insider threat by creating a time-balanced security system in an organization. Based on Markov chain, the authors propose a basic model of interaction in an “organization – insider” system. The article analytically defines a ratio between the time of an insider attack and the time during which the organization’s security system can neutralize it. The authors propose a concept of a multi-level system of organization protection, which takes into account the involved resources and practical skills of employees, as well as security services. At the end of the article, it is concluded that the proposed concept of the organization’s protection system will be effective against potential insider attacks.
Design of Robust H∞ Combined with PID Controller Using Fuzzy Logic for a Missile Autopilot
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Chung , Cao Huu Tinh
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the synthesis results of a robust H∞ (H-infinity) loop-shaping controller combined with a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller using fuzzy logic for the pitch autopilot of a tail control missile. The results take into consideration the change of mass, moment of inertia, and aerodynamic coefficients. The combination of the control signal of the robust controller and the PID controller is formed on the basis of adjusting the membership function of fuzzy logic according to the ITAE (Integral of Time-multiplied Absolute value of Error) optimization criterion. The performance and robustness of the missile autopilot are verified by nonlinear simulation.
Under the lion’s paw: lion farming in South Africa and the illegal international bone trade
Authors: Elwin Angie , Asfaw Eyob , D’Cruze Neil
Published: August 2024

The African lion Panthera leo is subject to numerous anthropogenic pressures across its natural range. In South Africa, although free ranging populations are increasing, the number of lions in captivity in private commercial facilities far outnumber those in the wild. South Africa’s captive lion industry was reportedly created primarily to generate income and take pressure off wild populations through the supply of captive-bred lions for trophy hunting. However, the industry has become a highly contentious topic under ongoing international scrutiny and debate. Here, we present new information from direct interviews with workers at two closed-access lion facilities located in North West Province, on how some facilities continue to use legal activities, such as captive breeding and hunting, to facilitate their involvement in the illegal international felid bone trade. The sources also report other illegal and unethical activities including animal welfare violations, unsafe conditions for workers, potential shifts to the commercial exploitation of other felid species such as tigers Panthera tigris and incidents involving poaching of captive lions and tigers by non-affiliated actors. Sources described how some facilities use various tools and tactics, such as security cameras, patrols and messaging apps to avoid detection during inspections. If the South African Government is to be successful in meeting its publicly stated goal of ending the captive lion industry, a comprehensive well-managed plan to transition away from current practices is required. To aid enforcement, the industry should also be fully audited, with all facilities officially registered, a moratorium on the breeding of lions and plans put in place to prevent the stockpiling of lion bones.
Amphibians and reptiles of the Transvolcanic Belt biogeographic province of Mexico: diversity, similarities, and conservation
Authors: Lemos-Espinal Julio A. , Smith Geoffrey R.
Published: August 2024

The Transvolcanic Belt (TVB) of Mexico is a biogeographic province of significant biodiversity, acting as a transition zone between eastern and western Mexico. Using available literature, we collected species lists for amphibians and reptiles in Mexican states within the TVB biogeographic province, updating them with additional literature. The TVB is home to 427 native species of amphibians and reptiles, 154 amphibians and 273 reptiles, which represent 30.5% of the species of amphibians and reptiles in Mexico. The TVB also houses 50 endemic species, with 84 species listed by the IUCN. Threats include habitat destruction and pollution. The TVB shares a significant portion of its amphibian and reptile species with neighboring provinces, particularly the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra Madre del Sur, suggesting a mixture of species from both eastern and western Mexico. Cluster analyses based on species composition reveal distinct groupings of provinces, with the TVB forming a cluster with the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruzan, and Sierra Madre del Sur for both amphibians and reptiles. Conservation assessments indicate that a significant proportion of the amphibian and reptile species in the TVB are at risk, primarily due to habitat loss from urbanization, agriculture, and pollution. Urgent conservation actions are needed to protect the unique herpetofauna of the TVB from further decline.
The jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) in Urban Green Spaces of Bogotá (Colombia), with descriptions of two new species and redescription of Mastigimas colombianus Burckhardt, Queiroz and Drohojowska
Authors: Rendón-Mera Diana Isabel , Burckhardt Daniel , Durán Juliana , Ocampo Valentina , Vargas-Fonseca Sergio Andrés
Published: August 2024

In a survey of the arthropod fauna of 33 Urban Green Spaces (UGS) in Bogotá, Colombia, between 2017 and 2019, 21 species (3,825 specimens) of Psylloidea were collected. These represent all seven recognised families of jumping plant-lice and include seven species identified only to genus. The specimens, all adults, were collected on 30 plant species used for arborization in the UGS. Two species are described as new (Mastigimas longicaudatus Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov. and Leuronota albilinea Rendón-Mera, Burckhardt & Vargas-Fonseca, sp. nov.), one species is redescribed (Mastigimas colombianus Burckhardt, Queiroz & Drohojowska) and one species is recorded for the first time from Colombia (Calinda trinervis Olivares & Burckhardt). Among the seven species identified only to genus is an undescribed species of Melanastera, representing a genus not previously known from Colombia. Fourteen species found during the survey are probably native (66%) and seven (33%) adventive. Our findings highlight the significance of UGS for preservation of biological diversity and stress the importance of using native plants in urban landscape planning for the conservation of the native entomofauna.
Systematics and biogeography of Appalachian Anillini, and a taxonomic review of the species of South Carolina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae, Anillini)
Authors: Harden Curt W. , Caterino Michael S.
Published: August 2024

In the eastern United States, 74 species of Anillini in two genera have been described, with most belonging to Anillinus Casey. Until now, no systematic framework has existed for this large genus, hampering integrative studies. Using DNA sequences from 101 Nearctic species, we present a well-resolved molecular phylogeny supporting a sound systematic framework. Sixteen species groups of Appalachian Anillinus are diagnosed, in part using newly recognized variation in the number of modified male protarsi and the state of the spermathecal duct. We present the first descriptions of Nearctic anilline larvae, which possess none of the synapomorphies of previously described anilline larvae. Within Anillinus, two major clades are mostly consistent with setation of the right paramere: a “hairy clade” with more than four setae, and a “quadrisetose clade.” Throughout the phylogeny, microhabitat use varies within each clade, and several endogean lineages are phylogenetically isolated. Our work increases the South Carolina fauna by nearly five-fold. Nine new species are described, Serranillus monadnocksp. nov., Anillinus castaneussp. nov., Anillinus choestoeasp. nov., Anillinus dentatussp. nov., Anillinus jancaesp. nov., Anillinus micasp. nov., Anillinus micamicussp. nov., Anillinus senecasp. nov., and Anillinus simplexsp. nov. Several species are newly reported from South Carolina, bringing the total to 20 described species representing seven species groups. Two endemic groups inhabit deep clay soils in the Piedmont and possess unique male sexual characters. The Anillini are a unique component of Nearctic biodiversity, with great potential as a model system for studies of biogeography, secondary male sexual modification, and endogean adaptations.
Investigating the influence of ownership on the relationship between bank capital and the cost of financial intermediation
Authors: Zheng Changjun , Chowdhury Md Mohiuddin , Das Gupta Anupam
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the simultaneous association between capital and the cost of financial intermediation (COFI) by bridging the gap of ownership effects on the nexus between capital and COFI. This study revealed several significant insights by using data from 44 commercial banks in Bangladesh between 2010 and 2021 and applying two-step system generalized methods of moments (2SGMM). First, a significant nonlinear bidirectional relationship exists between bank capital and COFI. The tendency to generate average and low COFI enables banks to acquire more capital than those with high COFI. In contrast, banks with high and average capital bases can maximize their COFI compared to low ones. Second, state-owned and conventional commercial banks are better positioned to source more capital. However, state-owned and Islamic commercial banks can strengthen the inverted U-shaped relationship between COFI and bank capital than private-owned and Islamic commercial banks. Finally, state-owned commercial banks do not experience the same benefits in COFI from capital increases as privately owned banks. Unlike Islamic commercial banks, conventional banks generate more COFI in the long run as capital rises. The findings provide helpful insights into shaping policy and regulations regarding emerging country's banking systems, especially capital, COFI, and ownership policies.
Towards Efficient Lung Cancer Detection: V-Net-based Segmentation of Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: V Asha , K Bhavanishankar
Published: August 2024

The novel approach uses the V-Net architecture to segment pulmonary nodules from computed tomography (CT) scans, enhancing lung cancer detection’s efficiency. Addressing lung cancer, a major global mortality cause, underscores the urgency for improved diagnostic methods. The aim of this research is to refine segmentation, a critical step for early cancer detection. The study leverages V-Net, a three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network (CNN) tailored for medical image segmentation, applied to lung nodule identification. It utilizes the LUNA16 dataset, containing 888 annotated CT images, for model training and evaluation. This dataset’s variety of pulmonary conditions allows for a comprehensive method of assessment. The tailored V-Net architecture is optimized for lung nodule segmentation, with a focus on data preprocessing to elevate input image quality. Outcomes reveal significant progress in segmentation precision, achieving a loss score of 0.001 and a mIOU of 98%, setting new standards in the domain. Visuals of segmented lung nodules illustrate the method’s effectiveness, indicating a promising avenue for early lung cancer detection and potentially better patient prognoses. The study contributes significantly to enhancing lung cancer diagnostic methodologies through advanced image analysis. An improved segmentation method based on V-Net architecture surpasses current techniques and encourages further deep learning exploration in medical diagnostics.
Harnessing Machine Learning for Quantifying Vesicoureteral Reflux: A Promising Approach for Objective Assessment
Authors: Alqaraleh Muhyeeddin , Alzboon Mowafaq Salem , Al-Batah Mohammad Subhi , Abdel Wahed Mutaz , Abuashour Ahmad , Alsmadi Firas Hussein
Published: August 2024

In this study, we evaluated the performance of various machine-learning models on multiple datasets labeled GR1, GR2, GR3, GR4, and GR5. We assessed the models using a range of evaluation metrics, including AUC, CA, F1, precision, recall, MCC, specificity, and log loss. The models examined were logistic regression, decision tree, kNN, random forest, gradient boosting, neural network, AdaBoost, and stochastic gradient descent. The results indicate that all models consistently demonstrated outstanding performance across all datasets, with most achieving perfect scores in all metrics. The models exhibited high accuracy and effectiveness in accurately classifying instances. Although random forests displayed slightly lower scores in some metrics, theyi still maintained an overall high level of accuracy. The findings highlight the models’ ability to effectively learn the underlying patterns within the data and make accurate predictions. The low log loss values further confirmed the models’ precise estimation of probabilities. Consequently, these models possess strong potential for practical applications in various domains, offering reliable and robust classification capabilities.
Ambient Intelligence
Authors: Edeh Michael Onyema , G. Ramesh , Kumar Karan , Pawale Satyam , A. Abdullah , J. Shreyas
Published: August 2024

This chapter examines the use of ambient intelligence (AmI) technologies to enhance autonomy and quality of life for those with cognitive decline, focusing on advancements in sensors. It proposes a framework to identify gaps and draws insights from applications such as ambient assistive living (AAL), human action recognition, and the industrial internet of things (IIoT). The study highlights technology's role in understanding occupant behavior, supporting services, and maintaining autonomy, addressing decentralized systems, blockchain, adaptive computing, and ethical concerns. The research stresses the need for further studies to ensure safe and effective sensor technology in real-world applications, emphasizing sensors' role in linking computational power with real-world scenarios.
Intelligent Serverless Computing Technology and Recent Trends
Authors: Kathirvel Naren , Ayyaswamy Kathirvel , Subramanian C.
Published: August 2024

Applications that are serverless can be distributed (many services are connected for smooth operation), elastic (resources can be scaled up and down without limit), stateless (interactions and data aren't stored), event-driven (resources are allocated only when triggered by an event), and hostless (apps aren't hosted on a server). Serverless computing is becoming more and more popular as cloud adoption rises. In many respects, serverless computing unleashes the entire potential of cloud computing. We pay only for the resources consumed, and resources are allocated, increased, or decreased dynamically based on user requirements in real-time. It makes sure that when there are no user requests and the application is effectively dormant, resources are immediately scaled to zero. More scalability and significant cost reductions are the outcomes of this. According to research by Global Industry Insights, the serverless industry is expected to reach $30 billion in market value by the end of the forecast period, growing at an above-average rate of 25% between 2021 and 2027.
Digitalization of Organizational Memory
Authors: Cicek Ozlem Erdas
Published: August 2024

Organizational memory has a crucial role for businesses, especially in the context of cloud computing. Cloud computing technologies facilitate the storage, management, and access of organizational knowledge and data. By using cloud-based solutions, businesses can enhance the effectiveness of their organizational memory systems. Digitalization, combined with cloud computing, allows for easy access, retrieval, and sharing of knowledge within the organization, regardless of geographical locations or device types. In today's business environment, cloud computing integration is not only convenient but also necessary for organizations to effectively leverage their knowledge and information. It ensures that the organizational memory remains a valuable asset that contributes to informed decision-making, innovation, and sustained success. This study discusses to what extent organizational memory systems, enhanced by cloud computing, will be considered effective in new business conditions.
Privacy-Preserving Data Storage and Processing in the Cloud
Authors: Goel Pawan Kumar
Published: August 2024

In the ever-expanding landscape of cloud computing, concerns over the privacy of sensitive data have become paramount. This chapter delves into the intricate realm of privacy-preserving data storage and processing in the cloud. It addresses the challenges posed by data ownership, control, and the ever-looming threat of data breaches in cloud environments. Focusing on innovative techniques, the chapter explores encryption mechanisms, secure multi-party computation, and trusted execution environments for privacy-preserving data storage. Additionally, it delves into cutting-edge methods such as privacy-preserving machine learning, secure query processing, and tokenization for safeguarding privacy during data processing in the cloud. Real-world case studies exemplify successful implementations, providing insights into practical applications. The chapter concludes by envisioning future trends, including the integration of blockchain and zero-knowledge proofs, and highlights the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in the pursuit of privacy preservation in cloud computing.
Applications of the R-Transform for Advancing Cryptographic Security
Authors: Gunasekar Tharmalingam , Raghavendran Prabakaran
Published: August 2024

Cryptography, the discipline of disguising information, relies on mathematical principles for encoding and decoding data. This chapter presents an inventive approach to encrypting and decrypting messages, utilizing the R-transformation, an essential integral transform, and the congruence modulo operator. The research illustrates the pragmatic application of these mathematical tools in securing communication through the encoding of sensitive information. By investigating the integration of the R-transformation and modulo operations, this study seeks to highlight their effectiveness in reinforcing the privacy and integrity of data. Through thorough experimentation and analysis, this research introduces a groundbreaking methodology for cryptographic encoding and decoding, shedding light on its potential to fortify the security of confidential information transmission.
Advancing Cryptographic Security With Kushare Transform Integration
Authors: Prabakaran Raghavendran , T. Gunasekar
Published: August 2024

This chapter introduces a groundbreaking encryption approach utilizing the Kushare transform and modular arithmetic, departing from conventional cryptographic methods. It delves into the transformative potential of this dynamic duo in rendering sensitive data impenetrable, ensuring secure digital communication. Through meticulous examination of their synergy, this work establishes their remarkable ability to fortify data confidentiality and integrity. Rigorous experimentation and analysis reveal a novel cryptographic technique poised to revolutionize the secure transmission of confidential information in the digital age.
Survey on Mobile Security
Authors: Ganesan Sangeetha , Mohamed Ashwak M. , Shaik Junaidh Ahmed J. , Saran L. , Mohan Kumar M.
Published: August 2024

Mobile security dangers have increased as a result of the widespread usage of mobile technology and our growing reliance on it for both personal and professional purposes. The chapter starts off by outlining the numerous mobile security risks, including malware, phishing, data breaches, and unauthorized access, as well as their possible effects on individual and organizational security. The chapter then provides an in-depth discussion of the best practices for mobile security, including the use of strong passwords, encryption, and multi-factor authentication, regular software updates, and the implementation of mobile device management policies. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing the role of government regulations and industry standards in ensuring mobile security, and the challenges associated with achieving comprehensive mobile security in an ever-evolving threat landscape. Overall, the chapter provides a comprehensive overview of mobile security threats and risks, as well as best practices for mitigating these risks.
Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Vashishth Tarun Kumar , Sharma Vikas , Sharma Kewal Krishan , Kumar Prashant , Joshi Rakesh Prasad
Published: August 2024

This chapter offers a thorough examination of the way blockchain generation can make a contribution to the realization of sustainable development goals (SDGs) mounted by the United Nations. Blockchain's inherent functions, inclusive of transparency, and immutability, position it as a powerful tool for addressing international challenges in regions like poverty, healthcare, and renewable strength. By exploring real-world applications in financial inclusion, healthcare, delivery chain management, renewable energy, and governance, the chapter underscores the potential of blockchain to decorate transparency, accountability, and performance. It discusses the present literature, hit implementations, and case studies whilst highlighting the demanding situations, including scalability and regulatory concerns. Emphasizing collaboration, capacity building, and accountable use, the chapter advocates for blockchain's pivotal role in riding sustainable development and fostering a extra equitable and resilient future.
The Future of HCI Machine Learning, Personalization, and Beyond
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Chintale Pradeep , Korada Laxminarayana , Mahida Ankur Harendrasinh , Pamulaparthyvenkata Saigurudatta , Avacharmal Rajiv
Published: August 2024

In the digital age, the fusion of human-computer interaction (HCI) with machine learning and personalization is transforming how individuals engage with technology. This chapter explores this dynamic intersection, envisioning a future of more intuitive, adaptive, and personalized digital experiences. It examines the role of machine learning in HCI, highlighting predictive analytics, natural language processing, and real-time interface adaptation. Personalization is addressed through content recommendation systems, user profiling, and adaptive interfaces. The study also looks at HCI's future in healthcare, e-commerce, and education, and addresses privacy, transparency, bias, and ethics. It underscores the ethical responsibility in deploying these technologies, inviting readers to envision a future where HCI, machine learning, and personalization create responsive, personalized, and ethically sound digital interactions.
Sustaining Adaptation to the New Normal
Authors: Ainous Redouan
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the response of higher education institutions around the world to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on their capacity to sustain adaptation, resilience, and innovation while upholding their educational mission in a post-COVID-19 environment. The transition from semi-structured setups to more methodological systems, tailored to the post-COVID-19 era, is examined. The analysis assesses the strategies employed by these institutions to safeguard their academic communities from misguided practices. Findings from the study highlight the emergence of novel approaches by educators and the readiness of teachers to adapt to the new normal post-COVID-19. This adaptation is facilitated by cutting-edge technologies, which offer substantial support for flexibility and innovation. The chapter also presents an overview of the applications used by higher education institutions in response to the pandemic, underscoring the vital qualities of resilience and innovation in the transition to the new post-COVID-19 normal.
5G Adaptation and Serverless Computing Connected for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Neeraja B. , Pandit Darshan Pradeep , Molakatala Nagamani , Chittor S. Kalpana , Tiwari Ankita
Published: August 2024

The evolution of smart electric vehicles (EVs) has been developed by serverless computing and 5G technology, which has also improved features like autonomous driving, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and seamless vehicle-to-everything (V2X) connectivity. Through the use of technology, services, customer satisfaction, operational effectiveness, and vehicle connectivity have all improved. In recently developed EVs, practical problems like security, interoperability, and regulatory compliance have also been resolved. Innovative techniques and cooperative efforts are also used to build the EVs in order to meet consumer expectations.
Consumer Perspectives and Behaviours in the Electric Vehicle Market
Authors: Neeraja B. , Singh Warshi , Arulini K. , Krishnamoorthy V. , Chinnusamy Somu
Published: August 2024

Government rules, environmental concerns, and technological breakthroughs are driving the fast expansion of the electric vehicle (EV) sector. In order to understand potential EV consumers' motives and obstacles, this chapter examines consumer perceptions, habits, and hurdles. It does this by examining market data and current research. The chapter looks at how consumer opinions vary by demography, with particular attention to age, income, and geographic location. It talks about how marketing tactics, public awareness campaigns, and legislative measures like tax breaks and subsidies may alter consumer attitudes and adoption rates. This chapter examines consumer behaviour in the electric vehicle (EV) market and offers strategic solutions to alleviate concerns, enhance market penetration, and promote sustainable industry growth. It also offers insights for regulators, manufacturers, and marketers to expedite the shift.
Cybersecurity of Electric Vehicle Smart Charging Management Systems
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: August 2024

This chapter delves into the cyber security challenges faced by smart cities, with a specific focus on the intelligent, integrated, and interconnected electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. The analysis, conducted with meticulous attention to detail, leaves no stone unturned in demonstrating that not all innovative elements and smart city solutions have sufficient cybersecurity protection. It is crucial to recognize that certain novel technologies, such as vehicle-to-grid (V2G), smart charging, and intelligent energy management, pose significantly higher risks than others. The central objective is to create a strong foundation for securing EV charging infrastructure by thoroughly analyzing the problem context and the data that needs protection, including attack surfaces, cybersecurity threats, and vulnerabilities in the EV ecosystem. Additionally, it involves evaluating standardization for the EV connection to the charging infrastructure and presenting a comprehensive set of recommendations and best practices for securing EV charging infrastructure.
Energy Storage for Renewable Sources in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Ponnambalam Suriya , M. K. Ilampoornan
Published: August 2024

Imminent environmental problems and growing concerns for global energy disasters are driving the essential for novel opportunities and technologies that can meet expressively higher demand for cleaner energy and eco-friendly energy systems. This requires the development of new conveyance and power generation systems. The electrification of the transportation system is a capable method to green the transportation systems and to reduce the issues of climate change. This chapter examines the current status, modern organization, and challenges in the employment of infrastructural and charging systems for EVs. It further analyses EVs' impacts on the environmental society and its penetration into society. The current challenging issues due to the massive deployment of EVs, as well as upcoming trends are presented in this chapter. Also, the functional as well as significant impacts of EVs are categorized and thoroughly discussed.
Modelling and Performance Analysis of Battery Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles on MATLAB/Simulink
Authors: Pandey Gaurav Raj , Pandey Kheelraj , Sharma Ashwani
Published: August 2024

The battery pack in an electric car plays a vital role in converting direct current (DC) from the battery into alternating current (AC) to power the induction motor. It is a complex arrangement of batteries connected in series and parallel to meet the power requirements of electric vehicles. A Battery Management System (BMS) is employed to ensure safe and efficient operation. The BMS oversees and regulates the battery's performance by monitoring and managing voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge. This prevents any parameters from exceeding safe levels, ensuring the longevity and safety of the battery. The Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) involves monitoring the temperature of the battery packs and initiating the cooling process when the temperature rises. This prevents excessive heat that could lead to component failure. MATLAB/Simulink is used to develop BTMS that analyze and compare temperature and state of charge parameters with and without the integration of a cooling system connected to the battery pack, aiming to improve battery pack performance.
Renewable Energy-Based Charging Solutions for Incorporation of Electric Rickshaws Into Electrical Grid Supply Network
Authors: Prasad Dharmbir , Singh Rudra Pratap , Mahata Sneha , Kumar Sourbh , Chakraborty Sudhangshu
Published: August 2024

For the past few years, urban areas have been grappling with increasing pollution and traffic congestion. The adoption of electric rickshaws presents a promising solution for sustainable and clean urban mobility. However, integrating these e-rickshaws into the electrical grid successfully necessitates careful planning and the installation of renewable energy alternatives. Various challenges are faced by the conventional grid systems in accommodating the charging needs of growing fleet of e-rickshaws; and this problem is faced by most of the states in India. Cases of power theft for charging e-rickshaws have become quite common. And thus, to overcome this problem, charging stations can be made separately for e-rickshaws by using renewable energy sources. This chapter deals with the setting up of a plant using renewable energy in a place called ‘Seoraberia,' Howrah, West Bengal, by using biogas and PV as the main source of renewable energy.
Electric Vehicle Safety
Authors: Al Balushi Yasser , Yahia Hussin
Published: August 2024

This chapter discusses the safety aspects of electric vehicles (EVs), examining potential risks and challenges while suggesting effective mitigation strategies. It highlights the rapid growth of the EV market and the importance of prioritizing safety in their design, manufacture, and use. Unique features of electric propulsion systems and battery technology introduce new safety considerations compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The chapter identifies key safety risks, including thermal discharge events, battery fires, electric shock hazards, and high-voltage system failures, based on research and real-life events. It stresses the need for proactive measures to address risks from battery misuse, manufacturing defects, accidents, and extreme weather conditions. Strategies for improving EV safety are discussed, including advancements in battery management, thermal management technologies, and safety features. Additionally, the chapter addresses ecosystem-level safety aspects that are vital for safe EV operation.