bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemerkasaan Institusi Zakat Dalam Menangani Keperluan Individu Muflis di Bawah Asnaf Al-Gharimin di Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Matali Azme , Ab Rahman Azman
Published: December 2020

The cause of an individual being declared bankrupt is among the main criteria in determining one’s eligibility to receive zakat under asnaf al-Gharimin. Therefore, not all individuals who have the status of bankruptcy are entitled to zakat as it depends on the leading cause or the cause for debt. The burden borne not only has a negative impact on him, but also the family members. This article aims to examine and identify the three key aspects of addressing individual bankruptcy needs under asnaf al-Gharimin. Firstly, the role and governance of zakat implementers. Secondly, the debt factor and statistics of the zakat and thirdly, application — the action of the Brunei Islamic Religious Council (MUIB) in addressing individual bankruptcy needs. The methodology of this study is qualitative; it uses library research, documentation and interview methods to obtain secondary and primary data related to the objectives of the study. The findings of the study observe that individuals who get bankrupt are given the necessary assistance in settling their debts through zakat money by referring to the guideline and according to the criteria set. This study is expected to provide a positive impact, especially in the more systematic and relevant management in Brunei Darussalam. This study can also be used as an additional reference by authorized parties in Brunei Darussalam, in particular the bodies involved in the collection and distribution of zakat as a whole.

Abstrak

Punca seseorang itu diisytiharkan muflis menjadi antara kriteria utama dalam menentukan kelayakannya untuk menerima zakat di bawah asnaf al-Gharimin. Oleh itu, tidak semua individu yang berstatus muflis layak menerima zakat kerana kelayakan menerimanya bergantung kepada sebab atau punca hutang. Beban yang ditanggung bukan sahaja memberi impak negatif kepada dirinya, malah ahli keluarga juga turut merasa beban yang sama. Artikel ini bertujuan meneliti dan mengenalpasti tiga aspek utama dalam menangani keperluan individu muflis di bawah asnaf al-Gharimin. Pertama, peranan dan urus tadbir pelaksana zakat. Kedua, faktor berhutang dan statistik permohonan zakat dan ketiga, tindakan Majlis Ugama Islam Brunei (MUIB) dalam menangani keperluan individu muflis. Metodologi kajian ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah perpustakaan, dokumentasi dan temubual bagi mendapatkan data sekunder dan primer berkaitan objektif kajian. Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa individu muflis mendapat bantuan sewajarnya dalam menyelesaikan hutang mereka melalui wang zakat dengan merujuk garis panduan dan mengikut kriteria yang ditetapkan. Kajian ini diharapkan boleh memberikan impak yang positif khususnya dalam pengurusan yang lebih sistematik dan relevan di Brunei Darussalam. Kajian ini juga boleh dijadikan rujukan tambahan oleh pihak-pihak berautoriti di Brunei Darussalam khususnya badan-badan yang terlibat dengan kutipan dan agihan zakat secara menyeluruh.
Wakaf Perumahan dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi: Pelaksanaannya Menurut Maqasid Syariah
Authors: Mohamad Suhaimi Farhana , Ab Rahman Azman
Published: December 2020

Waqf is one of the unique and comprehensive welfare mediums. Not only focusing on spiritual development, but waqf also covers any form of charity that benefits society, and give solutions to the people problems, such as housing issues. This article will discuss how waqf works in meeting housing needs in economic development and its implementation, according to Maqasid Syariah. This study is a qualitative study. Data collection sources from journals and documents related to waqf and housing in Malaysia were extensively analysed using content analysis methods. The findings suggest that housing provision through waqf assistance assists more comfortable living space to the public at a more affordable price than the market prices. However, legislation on waqf housing needs to be developed to ensure consumers, developers, financial providers, trustees and donors’ rights to be adequately taken care.

ABSTRAK

Wakaf merupakan salah satu medium kebajikan yang unik dan luas. Tidak hanya tertumpu kepada pembangunan kerohanian, wakaf juga meliputi sebarang bentuk kebajikan yang memberi manfaat kepada masyarakat, apatah lagi yang dapat memberi penyelesaian kepada permasalahan rakyat, seperti isu perumahan. Artikel ini akan membincangkan bagaimana wakaf berfungsi dalam memenuhi keperluan perumahan dalam pembangunan ekonomi dan pelaksanaannya menurut Maqasid Syariah. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif. Sumber pengumpulan data daripada artikel jurnal dan dokumen berkaitan wakaf dan perumahan di Malaysia dan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Hasil kajian ini mendapati penyediaan perumahan menerusi bantuan wakaf dapat membantu menyediakan ruang tempat tinggal yang lebih selesa kepada masyarakat dengan harga lebih mampu milik berbanding harga pasaran. Namun, perundangan berhubung wakaf perumahan perlu dibangunkan agar hak pengguna, pemaju, penyedia pembiayaan kewangan, pemegang amanah serta pewakaf dapat dipelihara dengan sewajarnya.
Konsep dan Aplikasi Hisbah dalam Perniagaan Produk Halal
Authors: Drahman Adam , Ab. Rahman Suhaimi
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the application of hisbah in the business of halal products in Malaysia. Basically, there are areas of enforcement powers held by authorities on the issue of halal business in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the authorities adolf the principles hisbahin their surveillance and enforcement activities. To achieve this objective, qualitative method has been used by using document analysis to achieve the desire result. The study found that there are efforts to adopt the principles of hisbah in the surveillance and enforcement of halal products business in Malaysia. This is the effect of the impact and influence of Islam as the official religion of the State. In hisbah application issues, most contemporary Muslim scholars are of the view to promoting its implementation. Studies on the application of hisbah in the business of halal products backed by the country's halal requirements could have a significant impact on the industry and economiy of Muslim community in Malaysia, as well as resolve the issues of overlapping jurisdictions and so on.

ABSTRAK

Artikel ini membincangkan mengenai aplikasi hisbah dalam perniagaan produk halal di Malaysia. Secara asasnya, terdapat bidang kuasa penguatkuasan yang dimiliki oleh pihak berkuasa berhubung isu perniagaan produk halal di Malaysia.  Objektif kajian ini adalah bagi menilai sama ada pihak berkuasa menerapkan prinsip hisbah di dalam aktiviti pengawasan dan penguatkuasaan mereka. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, kaedah kualitatif digunakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen untuk mendapatkan hasil kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat pendekatan menggunakan hisbah pengawasan dan penguatkuasaan perniagaan produk halal di Malaysia. Ini merupakan kesan dan pengaruh daripada pengaruh Islam sebagai agama rasmi Negara. Dalam isu aplikasi hisbah, kebanyakan para sarjana Islam kontemporari lebih cenderung kepada pandangan yang mengalakkan perlaksanaannya. Kajian ke atas aplikasi badan hisbah terhadap perniagaan produk halal dengan disokong oleh keperluan halal negara mampu memberi kesan yang besar terhadap industri halal dan ekonomi masyarakat Islam di Malaysia, sekaligus menyelesaikan isu-isu pertindihan kuasa dan sebagainya.
Evolving Conceptualisations of Internationalism in the UK Parliament: Collocation Analyses from the League to Brexit
Authors: Ihalainen Pasi , Sahala Aleksi
Published: December 2020

This chapter explores a historical distant reading strategy of British Parliamentary discourse. It uses historical collocation analyses of ‘internationalism’ and the ‘international’ in the British Hansard Corpus and a selection of Commons and Lords debates concerning British membership in international organisations as it relates to the League of Nations, United Nations, Council of Europe, EEC and Brexit. The collocates that were deemed to be politically significant are grouped in 13 loose semantic fields. This macro-level analysis of long-term trends of discourse is supplemented with an analysis of the said key debates in their historical contexts, including comparisons between the two Houses, and with additional micro-level analyses of contextualised individual speeches in which politicians defined ‘internationalism’ by using the concepts in political action. This provides one general view on the historical evolvement of the discourse on internationalism over the past hundred years.
The Common Landscape of Digital History: Universal Methods, Global Borderlands, Longue-Durée History, and Critical Thinking about Approaches and Institutions
Authors: Guldi Jo
Published: December 2020

The chapter takes as its staring point that ‘field’ though it might be in name, the domain of history as practised by scholars of different methodological and political orientations and subjects of study is really more of a patchwork of different fields and sub-fields. While not every kind of digital history applies to each sub-field, some forms of digital technique has been put to use in practically every domain that historians study. Because of the relative novelty of historians’ exchanges about digital methods, it is important that those essays are pedagogical in approach and critical as to method. This conclusion hazards that the work ahead for digital historians includes theorizing the bridge between close and distant readings, theorising the difference between AI and statistical measures, transparent documentation of the choice of algorithm, text and result in the practice of critical search, and engagement with new standards of scholarship from the institutions of historical and cultural knowledge-making.
Towards Big Data: Digitising Economic and Business History
Authors: Eloranta Jari , Nevalainen Pasi , Ojala Jari
Published: December 2020

This chapter describes the experiences in computational and digital history of economic and business historians who for decades have been forerunners in digital history data gathering and computational analysis. It attempts to discuss the major developments within this area internationally and, in some specific cases, in Finland in the fields of digital economic and business history. It concentrates on a number of research projects that the authors have previously been involved in, as well as research outcomes by other economic and business historians within Finland and elsewhere. It is not claimed that the projects discussed are unique or ahead of their time in the field of economic and business history—on the contrary they are representing a more general state of the art within the field and used as illustrative cases illuminating the possibilities and challenges facing historians in the digital era.
Building Historical Knowledge Byte by Byte: Infrastructures and Data Management in Modern Scholarship
Authors: Parland-von Essen Jessica
Published: December 2020

This chapter describes how the new emerging digital environment challenges historians’ existing training and practice of source criticism. In an environment with increasing amounts of digitized data and digital methods there are new requirements for historians to develop new skills as well as new more extensive provenance data. Historians are faced with new challenges regarding new increasing demands for transparency and open scholarship that has comes with the growth of digital humanities in general and with digital history in particular. The old demands that historical research has to be well documented and reproducible has to be adapted to the promises and pitfalls of the new digital environment which especially means developing and adapting new standards and practices for what counts as good data management. The study discusses how the FAIR data principles can offer valuable guidance, but also how they cannot be implemented without supporting services that take into account different types of data and the data lifecycle.
Big Data, Bad Metadata: A Methodological Note on the Importance of Good Metadata in the Age of Digital History
Authors: Elo Kimmo
Published: December 2020

The chapter discusses how the exponential growth of both digitised and born-digital research materials has brought upon new challenges regarding research data creation, data management and data discovery. It argues that the Digital Humanities community should pay more attention to the metadata creation as valid, standardised and well-structured metadata describing similar contents in identical terms help scholars to better discover relevant materials. This is especially important since a great majority of digital sources are made available via web-based portals offering search engines or other possibilities to query the collections. This development from a human-to-human interface towards a human-to-computer interface replaces the ‘silent knowledge’ of archivists with computer algorithms. Since most algorithms rely on available metadata, the structural power of actors responsible for the metadata creation should be taken seriously. If scholars cannot rely on getting reliable results when committing searches in online collections, the digital leap manifested by proponents of digital humanities might end with a belly flop.
Vitamin D Metabolism and Guidelines for Vitamin D Supplementation
Authors: Ramasamy Indra
Published: December 2020

Vitamin D is essential for bone health and is known to be involved in immunomodulation and cell proliferation. Vitamin D status remains a significant health issue worldwide. However, there has been no clear consensus on vitamin D deficiency and its measurement in serum, and clinical practice of vitamin D deficiency treatment remains inconsistent. The major circulating metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), is widely used as a biomarker of vitamin D status. Other metabolic pathways are recognised as important to vitamin D function and measurement of other metabolites may become important in the future. The utility of free 25(OH)D rather than total 25(OH)D needs further assessment. Data used to estimate the vitamin D intake required to achieve a serum 25(OH)D concentration were drawn from individual studies which reported dose-response data. The studies differ in their choice of subjects, dose of vitamin D, frequency of dosing regimen and methods used for the measurement of 25(OH)D concentration. Baseline 25(OH)D, body mass index, ethnicity, type of vitamin D (D2 or D3) and genetics affect the response of serum 25(OH)D to vitamin D supplementation. The diversity of opinions that exist on this topic are reflected in the guidelines. Government and scientific societies have published their recommendations for vitamin D intake which vary from 400–1000 IU/d (10–25 µg/d) for an average adult. It was not possible to establish a range of serum 25(OH)D concentrations associated with selected non-musculoskeletal health outcomes. To recommend treatment targets, future studies need to be on infants, children, pregnant and lactating women.
Considerations for Group Testing: A Practical Approach for the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Tan Jun , Omar Aznan , Lee Wendy , Wong Moh
Published: December 2020

Group testing, also known as pooled sample testing, was first proposed by Robert Dorfman in 1943. While sample pooling has been widely practiced in blood-banking, it is traditionally seen as anathema for clinical laboratories. However, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has re-ignited interest for group testing among clinical laboratories to mitigate supply shortages. We propose five criteria to assess the suitability of an analyte for pooled sample testing in general and outline a practical approach that a clinical laboratory may use to implement pooled testing for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. The five criteria we propose are: (1) the analyte concentrations in the diseased persons should be at least one order of magnitude (10 times) higher than in healthy persons; (2) sample dilution should not overly reduce clinical sensitivity; (3) the current prevalence must be sufficiently low for the number of samples pooled for the specific protocol; (4) there is no requirement for a fast turnaround time; and (5) there is an imperative need for resource rationing to maximise public health outcomes. The five key steps we suggest for a successful implementation are: (1) determination of when pooling takes place (pre-pre analytical, pre-analytical, analytical); (2) validation of the pooling protocol; (3) ensuring an adequate infrastructure and archival system; (4) configuration of the laboratory information system; and (5) staff training. While pool testing is not a panacea to overcome reagent shortage, it may allow broader access to testing but at the cost of reduction in sensitivity and increased turnaround time.
Clinical and Laboratory Aspects of Insulin Autoantibody-Mediated Glycaemic Dysregulation and Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia: Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome and Exogenous Insulin Antibody Syndrome
Authors: Huynh Tony
Published: December 2020

Autoimmune glycaemic dysregulation and hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia mediated by insulin autoantibodies is an increasingly recognised but controversial phenomenon described in both exogenous insulin naïve (insulin autoimmune syndrome) and exposed (exogenous insulin antibody syndrome) individuals. There has been a significant proliferation of case reports, clinical studies and reviews in the medical literature in recent years which have collectively highlighted the discrepancy between experts in the field with regard to the nomenclature, definition, proposed pathophysiology, as well as the clinical and biochemical diagnostic criteria associated with the condition. The essential characteristics of the condition are glycaemic dysregulation manifesting as episodes of hyperglycaemia and unpredictable hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia associated with high titres of endogenous antibodies to insulin. Although the hypoglycaemia is often life-threatening and initiation of targeted therapies critical, the diagnosis is often delayed and attributable to various factors including: the fact that existence of the condition is not universally accepted; the need to exclude surreptitious causes of hypoglycaemia; the diverse and often complex nature of the glycaemic dysregulation; and the challenge of diagnostic confirmation. Once confirmed, the available therapeutic options are expansive and the reported responses to these therapies have been variable. This review will focus on our evolving understanding, and the associated diagnostic challenges – both clinical and laboratory – of this complex condition.
UNDERGRADUATE ECONOMICS CURRICULUM AND EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Ngulube Beatrice
Published: December 2020

Graduates with employability skills are considered as assets by employers because they are dynamic and adapt easily to today’s work environment. Thus, higher education globally is under pressure to produce graduates who are employable and able to continue learning and remain employed. This study examined the extent to which the undergraduate economics curriculum in South Africa equips economics graduates with employability skills. This was achieved through a qualitative approach using a content analysis design. Data analysed from advertisements extracted from the Sunday Times for four consecutive years and data from six undergraduate economics study guides indicated that there was a disjuncture between undergraduate economics skills and those required by the industry. The analysed study guides only cover about 29.4 % of the needed skills in the labour market. It is imperative for higher education institutions to produce employable graduates because evidence demonstrates that employers today do not hire employees solely based on academic qualifications. Recommendations are that there should be an alignment between employability skills required in the labour market and those offered by the academic institutions. Curricula and pedagogy should also be adjusted to enhance graduate skills outcomes.
Keywords: employability skills, undergraduate curriculum, content analysis
MONITORING OF FACULTIES AND DEPARTMENTS RESEARCH ACTIVITY AS A COMPONENT OF UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Podolyanchuk Stanislav
Published: December 2020

Research is an essential part of university activity. The evaluation of research activities is not only of scientific, but also of practical interest. Currently, however, the research evaluation is used primarily either for the analysis of the activities of a university as a whole or for tackling specific tasks, usually related to the financing of research projects. The use of monitoring systems for research activities as part of the internal university management has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the purpose of the research, which was conducted at Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University (Ukraine) over the course of 5 years, was to identify and critically evaluate the main practical applications of such monitoring in management activities. The monitoring system was created through the use of expert evaluation method. Information was collected with mandatory input control. The results of monitoring can be used for creating an information database, performing comparative analysis, making evaluation of research activities of a university as a whole and implementing the control function. Analysis of the research evaluation proved its positive impact on the advancement of science at the university. Based on the obtained results it is possible to solve organizational, financial and professional issues, make important management decisions. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the risks that may arise during the practical implementation. Emphasized is the universal character of proposed directions that can be used in the management of various universities. Keywords: expert evaluation, monitoring system, research activity, research evaluation, university management
INFLUENCE OF ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN EUROPEAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Podstawski Robert , Borysławski Krzysztof , Zurawik Marta , Bukova Alena , Masanovic Bojan , Ihasz Ferenc , Marković Miloš , Omelan Aneta
Published: December 2020

The purpose of higher education is to produce active and intellectually well-rounded individuals yet, the transition to higher education seems to have deleterious effects on university and college students’ (UCS) fitness levels and physical activity (PA).
The aim of this quantitative research was to analyse the influences of organisational factors on the implementation of physical education (PE) among UCS in European tertiary institutions. A purposive sampling method was employed. Seven academic peers gathered information on characteristics of tertiary institutions, sport and leisure facilities, types and characteristics of PA programs available for UCS in 66 European tertiary institutions.
The results suggested that the curricula requirements for PE in public tertiary institutions were similar to private establishments, with minor administrative variations. Public tertiary institutions had significantly higher number of PE hours and PE sessions per semester, PE minutes per academic hour, duration of PE session, number PE teachers and number of students per one PE teacher. Universities had significantly higher number of PE semesters, PE minutes per academic hour, and hired more PE teachers. The organizational differences between public and private institutions might be explained by a lack of clear guidelines regarding PE curricula in higher education across European countries, and greater autonomy of the private tertiary institutions. Moreover, PA programs in higher education adhere to minimum requirements of the syllabi, which restrict total amounts of PE among UCS. Thus, it is recommended PE classes should become obligatory, with extended hours, appropriately qualified teachers and improved financing.
Keywords: higher education, university college students (UCS), physical education, European tertiary institutions, PE curriculum, organisational factors
PERCEPTIONS OF TODAY’S YOUNG GENERATION ABOUT MEANINGFUL LEARNING OF STEM
Authors: Cedere Dagnija , Birzina Rita , Pigozne Tamara , Vasilevskaya Elena
Published: December 2020

The necessity of STEM knowledge is being more widely acknowledged as the priority in the development of education; however, students lack sufficient knowledge and interest in the acquisition of STEM subjects. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the teaching and learning methods that would correspond to the contemporary young generation and that would facilitate meaningful learning of modern students. Performing the survey of 256 students in Grades 10 – 12 of Latvia, students’ perceptions on how they understand and interpret their STEM learning and methods used by teachers have been explored. The questionnaire in the QuestionPro e-environment was designed according to the criteria describing meaningful learning considering the peculiarities of the young generation. Respondents’ answers were analyzed with the help of the SPSS program, using the methods of non-parametric statistics. Many representatives of the young generation tend to avoid difficulties which confirms a typical feature of this generation – to achieve an immediate result easily and quickly. These students also have a weaker understanding about the importance of STEM that testifies the lack of the learning motivation. The majority of students consider that it is necessary to acquire STEM only at school, failing to connect it with the everyday life. The study describes the national context, yet the presented trends could be significant also on the international level for understanding meaningful learning of STEM. Keywords: meaningful learning, STEM education, teaching/learning methods, today’s new generation
ANALYSIS OF PRE-SERVICE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ INCORRECT ARTICULATIONS: FREQUENCY, INFLUENCE ON COMMUNICATION, AND A SPECIFIC CORRECTIVE STRATEGY
Authors: Hunt-Gómez Coral I. , Navarro-Pablo Macarena
Published: December 2020

English Foreign Language (EFL) teachers need to be especially aware of their own articulatory errors and to manage strategies to overcome them. A specific corrective strategy using phonetic notation to destabilise the most recurrent articulatory errors to be applied to Spanish pre-service English Primary School teachers is presented. Firstly, the presence of incorrectly articulated sounds in a corpus of 238 minutes of recorded improvised production of 34 pre-service EFL teachers was identified. Incorrect articulations were classified in two groups, those that presented a higher frequency were classified as fossilised errors and those appearing only once were considered mistakes. A categorisation of the most frequent articulatory errors and their possible origins was offered. Errors were also examined attending the effect they posed on communication, if they hindered it, they were considered unintelligible. Results showed that more than 80% of fossilised incorrect articulations were perfectly understandable and did not disrupt communication. Even if these results can be considered positive, research shows that pronunciation highly influences the learning process of other skills, and that it affects learners in terms of confidence, social and work advancement. Therefore, to get rid of their own fossilised errors, future teachers need effective pronunciation skills training strategies. For that reason, a specific error corrective strategy based on phonetic notation and self-learning is proposed. Keywords: EFL (English as a foreign language), higher education, second language acquisition, teacher training
DEVELOPING CHARACTER EDUCATION THROUGH ACADEMIC CULTURE IN INDONESIAN PROGRAMMED ISLAMIC HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Isnaini Rohmatun Lukluk , Hanum Farida , Prasojo Lantip Diat
Published: December 2020

Academic dishonesty, which is a part of educational problems, occurs mostly in religious-based high schools. The dishonest behavior of these students is contrary to the application of character education in educational institutions. This research aimed to describe the experiences of teachers and students in the Programmed Islamic High School (PIHS) relating to academic culture in the development of student character education. The data collection method used in this research was a phenomenological qualitative method by conducting in-depth interviews with four teachers and six students in a PIHS. Apart from the results of the interviews, the acquisition of data was also supported by documentation and observations of the daily activities of the students, which reflected the application of character education. The results showed that the academic culture at PIHS contributes greatly to developing student character education. Character education developed from academic culture can be seen from their academic discourse, publications, knowledge acquisition, disciplinary, and academic activities management. From the academic culture, students have a religious, honest, nationalistic, responsible, cooperative, and independent character. This research suggests that the pattern of academic culture in the development of character education in PIHS can be adopted by other religion-based schools. Keywords: academic culture, character education, daily activities, Programmed Islamic high school
Primary nursing: a Varese un Progetto sinergico tra infermieri e medici per aumentare l’adesione terapeutica dei pazienti nefropatici
Authors: Bardelli Laura , Bordiga Stefania , Foglia Roberta
Published: December 2020

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines therapeutic adherence as “the extent to which a patient’s behavior – in taking medications, following a diet and/or making lifestyle changes – corresponds to the recommendations of health professionals in charge”.Chronic disease is permanent and requires by the patient an active attitude to reach and maintain a state of well-being, and to be often subject to long periods of supervision, observation and care.Trust must therefore be established between patient and healthcare professionals.This is the reason why it is not correct to discuss compliance. The main difference is that therapeutic adherence requires the patient’s agreement with the prescriptions: patients should be an active partner in their own care and communication between the patient and healthcare professionals is required for an efficient clinical practice.
Penerapan Data Mining Algoritma C4.5 dalam Menentukan Rekam Jejak Kinerja Dosen STT Harapan Medan
Authors: Rismayanti Rismayanti , Damayanti Fera , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa
Published: December 2020

Kinerja kerja dosen merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam upaya lembaga perguruan tinggi untuk mencapai tujuannya. oleh karena itu perguruan tinggi perlu melakukan evaluasi dan penilaian yang menggambarkan kinerja dosen sebagai prestasi kerja yang dihasilkan oleh dosen tersebut sesuai dengan peranannya. Evaluasi dan penilaian kinerja dosen yang dilakukan di STT Harapan masih belum maksimal sehingga tingkat kesadaran setiap dosen untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya juga tidak maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan data mining algoritma C4.5 dalam menentukan rekam jejak kinerja dosen berdasarkan 3 atribut input(publikasi, pengabdian dan pengajaran) dan 3 atribut output (kinerja “kurang” “cukup” dan “tinggi”). Hasil penelitian berupa decision tree beserta rule yang memberikan informasi hasil evaluasi kinerja dosen STT Harapan Medan dalam melaksanakan tri darma perguruan tinggi.
Uma coleção herborizada PANC como recurso didático para o ensino de biologia
Authors: Farias Alaine Santana de , Oliveira Marla Ibrahim Uehbe de
Published: December 2020

No ensino de biologia ainda persistem a memorização excessiva de conceitos e teorias, além da descontextualização. As coleções biológicas, quando relacionadas às Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANC), podem ser uma excelente forma de conectar o conteúdo botânico com plantas presentes no dia a dia dos alunos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a elaboração de uma coleção didática herborizada de PANC para ser utilizada por professores em aulas de biologia, visando a contribuir para uma aprendizagem mais atrativa e significativa. Foram pesquisadas informações sobre as PANC e selecionadas espécies presentes no estado de Sergipe que poderiam contribuir com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Em meio à baixa motivação presente na educação atual, é necessário buscar alternativas para melhorar a qualidade do ensino e, consequentemente, formar cidadãos cientes do mundo que está a sua volta.
Catalogando a palinoteca da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará como fonte de dados para estudos em palinologia
Authors: Fonseca Raylana Rodrigues da , Novais Jaílson Santos de , Suemitsu Chieno , Abreu Vanessa Holanda Righetti de
Published: December 2020

Descrevemos a catalogação das lâminas palinológicas da palinoteca da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará. Atualmente, a palinoteca conta com 863 lâminas em seu acervo. Os trabalhos em palinologia aumentaram na universidade desde 2010, portanto, há mais de 1.000 lâminas para serem incorporadas à coleção. Essa coleção biológica tem subsidiado atividades de pesquisa e ensino de palinologia, enriquecendo o conhecimento da diversidade polínica regional, possibilitando o treinamento de estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação que exercem atividades na área. Todas as informações palinológicas estão sendo sistematizadas e serão disponibilizadas por meio de um site aberto, com a finalidade de promover a divulgação científica em palinologia. Esse é um importante avanço e contribui para desenvolver a palinologia na região amazônica.
Identificação de Staphylococcus aureus na carne bovina moída comercializada em municípios do Vale do Guaribas, no Estado do Piauí
Authors: Rocha Rute Emanuela da , Bezerra Juliana Barros , Luz Luís Evêncio da , Gonçalves José Nilton de Araújo , Sousa Rener dos Santos de , Sá Miriam Rodrigues de
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa objetivou realizar identificação de S. aureus em carne bovina moída comercializada em municípios do Vale do Guaribas, no estado do Piauí. Coletou-se 50 amostras de carne bovina moída, adquiridas nos mercados e açougues públicos nos municípios pesquisados. Pesou-se 25g de cada amostra e transferiu-se cada amostra para Água Peptonada Tamponada 0,1%, onde realizou-se homogeneização e identificação das amostras e levou-se para estufa à 37 °C por 24 horas. Realizou-se o inóculo das amostras em placas de Petri contendo Ágar Baird-Parker (BP) e a incubação destas na estufa (em posição invertida) por 48 horas à 37°C. Inoculou-se as colônias típicas de S. aureus em tubos de ensaio contendo Caldo Infusão Cérebro Coração (BHI) e incubou-se à 37°C por 24 horas. Por fim, semeou-se, em placas de Petri contendo Ágar Sal Manitol, as amostras que apresentaram-se turvas no caldo BHI e incubou-se durante mesma temperatura e tempo. Para a identificação de Staphylococcus aureus, utilizou-se as colônias suspeitas, e realizou-se as seguintes provas bioquímicas: Coloração de Gram, prova da catalase e prova da coagulase. Após a execução da metodologia, verificou-se que das 50 amostras analisadas 32 (64%) apontaram resultado positivo para culturas de S. aureus após indicarem suspeitas de presença de colônias no ágar manitol. O alto número de amostras contaminadas pode ser explicado por diversos fatores que envolvem toda sua cadeia produtiva até o momento da comercialização das mesmas, promovendo cada vez mais aumento de casos de intoxicação alimentar pelas toxinas formadas nos alimentos em decorrência da presença deste patógeno.
Review on Methanogenesis and its Role
Authors: Alemneh Tewodros
Published: December 2020

Methane (CH4 ) is the second major gas, next to CO2 , responsible for the warming of environment and ozone layer depletion. It is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 25 times more than carbon dioxide. Methanogenesis is the biological production of methane mediated by anaerobic microorganisms from the domain Archaea commonly called methanogens. These methanogens are different from bacteria and eukarya as they lack peptidoglycan in their cell wall, which is present in bacteria and eukarya. Methane is produced by three major pathways on the basis of substrate utilized for methane production: hydrogenotropic, acetoclastic and methylotropic. Out of these, hydrogenotropic and acetoclastic are the two predominant pathways. There are two major sources of methane; namely, natural and anthropogenic. The natural sources include wetlands, termites and oceans, whereas, the common anthropogenic sources are fossil fuel transport and distribution, livestock, rice fields, and landfills. Among anthropogenic sources of methanogenesis, livestock which is ruminal methanogenesis is the major and it contribute to global warming and gross energy feed intake loss about 10-12%. The role of methanogenesis to ruminant animals is to remove hydrogen (H2 ) from the rumen. Methanogenesis can also beneficially exploit to treat organic wastes to produce useful compounds and methane that can be collected as biogas.
Equivocal Politics of Carnival
Authors: Remedi Gustavo A.
Published: December 2020

This article reflects on the political, social, and cultural institutionality of carnival in Uruguay and on its growing centrality as a means of expression and space of popular enunciation since the return to democracy in the 1980s. It also argues that the “field” of carnival is a site of constant negotiation with both the state and nongovernmental sources of power (economic groups, the media, churches, etc.) and can thus accommodate various political proposals, leading to constant symbolic-discursive reconfiguration. A detailed analysis of three carnivalesque performances belonging to the murga genre—La caldera de los diablos by Diablos Verdes (2003), Los Sueños by Agarrate Catalina (2005), and Creer o reventar by Don Timoteo (2014)—highlights how carnival has responded to, and has been reconfigured by, three recent circumstances: the apogee of neoliberalism and “the crisis of 2002,” the election of a “broad front” leftist government in 2005, and the end of this government’s second term in 2014.
Twenty-First-Century Reinvention of Carnival Rituals in Paris and Cherbourg
Authors: Salzbrunn Monika
Published: December 2020

Carnival as a research object has been studied from a multiplicity of perspectives: folklore studies, European ethnology, social and cultural anthropology, history, sociology, etc. Each of these disciplines has enriched the literature by focusing on different aspects of the event, such as its participatory nature, its transformative potential (at an individual or collective level), and its political dimension broadly conceived. The present article reviews this scholarship and uses it to analyze the contemporary Parisian Carnival, which has tried to revive the nineteenth-century Promenade du Boeuf Gras tradition on a local and translocal level through its creative collaboration with the carnival of Cherbourg, Normandy. I argue that, through satire and other politicized carnival rituals, the recent protagonists of Parisian Carnival (Les Fumantes de Pantruche) have reinvented the festivities and influenced Norman Carnival, thus extending the boundaries of belonging in both cities.
Delineation of Genotype × Environment Interaction for Identification of Stable Genotypes to Grain Yield in Mungbean
Authors: Samyuktha Santhi Madhavan , Malarvizhi Devarajan , Karthikeyan Adhimoolam , Dhasarathan Manickam , Hemavathy Arumugam Thanga , Vanniarajan Chocklingam , Sheela Venugopal , Hepziba Sundarrajan Juliet , Pandiyan Muthaiyan , Senthil Natesan
Published: December 2020

In the present study, fifty-two mungbean (Vigna radiata) genotypes were evaluated for seven morphological traits at three different environments in South Indian state Tamil Nadu, namely Virinjipuram (E1), Eachangkottai (E2), and Bhavanisagar (E3) during Kharif 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The data collected were subjected to variability and correlation analyses, followed by stability analysis using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, genotype and genotype × environment interaction effects (GGE) biplot. Variablility was observed among the genotypes for the following traits viz., plant height, days to fifty per cent flowering, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight and grain yield. Correlation analysis showed that the trait number of pods per plant was significantly associated with grain yield. The G × E was smaller than the genetic variation of grain yield as it portrayed the maximum contribution of genotypic effects (61.07%). GGE biplot showed E3 as a highly discriminating and representative environment. It also identified environment-specific genotypes viz., EC 396111 for E1, EC 396125 for E2 and EC 396101 for E3 environments. The genotypes with minimum genotype stability index (GSI) viz., V2802BG (7), HG 22 (13), and EC 396098 (13) were observed with wide adaptation and high yields across all the three environments. In summary, we identified stable genotypes adapted across environments for grain yield. These genotypes can be used as parent/pre-breeding materials in future mungbean breeding programs.
Red LED Light Acts on the Mitochondrial Electron Chain of Donkey Sperm and Its Effects Depend on the Time of Exposure to Light
Authors: Catalán Jaime , Papas Marion , Trujillo-Rojas Lina , Blanco-Prieto Olga , Bonilla-Correal Sebastián , Rodríguez-Gil Joan E. , Miró Jordi , Yeste Marc
Published: December 2020

This work aimed to investigate how stimulation of donkey sperm with red LED light affects mitochondrial function. For this purpose, freshly diluted donkey semen was stimulated with red light for 1, 5, and 10 min, in the presence or absence of oligomycin A (Omy A), a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase, or FCCP, a specific disruptor of mitochondrial electron chain. The results obtained in the present study indicated that the effects of red LED light on fresh donkey sperm function are related to changes in mitochondria function. In effect, irradiation of donkey sperm resulted in an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the activity of cytochrome C oxidase and the rate of oxygen consumption. In addition, in the absence of oligomycin A and FCCP, light-stimulation augmented the average path velocity (VAP) and modified the structure of motile sperm subpopulations, increasing the fastest and most linear subpopulation. In contrast, the presence of either Omy A or FCCP abolished the aforementioned effects. Interestingly, our results also showed that the effects of red light depend on the exposure time applied, as indicated by the observed differences between irradiation protocols. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposing fresh donkey sperm to red light modulates the function of their mitochondria through affecting the activity of the electron chain. However, the extent of this effect depends on the irradiation pattern and does not exclude the existence of other mechanisms, such as those related to thermotaxis.
Cohesin Components Stag1 and Stag2 Differentially Influence Haematopoietic Mesoderm Development in Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Ketharnathan Sarada , Labudina Anastasia , Horsfield Julia A.
Published: December 2020

Cohesin is a multiprotein complex made up of core subunits Smc1, Smc3, and Rad21, and either Stag1 or Stag2. Normal haematopoietic development relies on crucial functions of cohesin in cell division and regulation of gene expression via three-dimensional chromatin organization. Cohesin subunit STAG2 is frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies, but the individual contributions of Stag variants to haematopoiesis or malignancy are not fully understood. Zebrafish have four Stag paralogues (Stag1a, Stag1b, Stag2a, and Stag2b), allowing detailed genetic dissection of the contribution of Stag1-cohesin and Stag2-cohesin to development. Here we characterize for the first time the expression patterns and functions of zebrafish stag genes during embryogenesis. Using loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9 zebrafish mutants, we show that stag1a and stag2b contribute to primitive embryonic haematopoiesis. Both stag1a and stag2b mutants present with erythropenia by 24 h post-fertilization. Homozygous loss of either paralogue alters the number of haematopoietic/vascular progenitors in the lateral plate mesoderm. The lateral plate mesoderm zone of scl-positive cells is expanded in stag1a mutants with concomitant loss of kidney progenitors, and the number of spi1-positive cells are increased, consistent with skewing toward primitive myelopoiesis. In contrast, stag2b mutants have reduced haematopoietic/vascular mesoderm and downregulation of primitive erythropoiesis. Our results suggest that Stag1 and Stag2 proteins cooperate to balance the production of primitive haematopoietic/vascular progenitors from mesoderm.
Analysis of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Gastric Cancer Based on Statistical Methods
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ma Hua , Zou Quan , Wu Jin
Published: December 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in gastric cancer (GC), evaluate its relationship with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of GC, and analyze the advantage of CDK1 as a potential independent prognostic factor for GC.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and corresponding clinical features of GC were collected. First, the aim gene was selected by combining five topological analysis methods, where the gene expression in paracancerous and GC tissues was analyzed by Limma package and Wilcox test. Second, the correlation between gene expression and clinical features was analyzed by logistic regression. Finally, the survival analysis was carried out by using the Kaplan–Meier. The gene prognostic value was evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, and the gene potential biological function was explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).

Results

CDK1 was selected as one of the most important genes associated with GC. The expression level of CDK1 in GC tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues, which was significantly correlated with pathological stage and grade. The survival rate of the CDK1 high expression group was significantly lower than that of the low expression group. CDK1 expression was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). CDK1 expression was mainly involved in prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, and GC and was enriched in the WNT signaling pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway.

Conclusion

CDK1 may serve as an independent prognostic factor for GC. It is also expected to be a new target for molecular targeted therapy of GC.