bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between fecal (calprotectin and lactoferrin) results and colonoscopic findings in chronic diarrhea and recurrent abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Authors: Khattab Raafat Abdel-Raouf Muhammad , Samy Hany Ali Hussien , El Sayed Ahmed Helal , Ali Assem Ahmed Ali , Mansour Mohammed Sobhy Mohammed
Published: May 2022

Background: Currently, endoscopy with biopsy is still considered the gold standard for the evaluation and diagnosis of mucosal inflammation and a number of scores exist to assess endoscopic activity in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Aim and objectives: the aim of the study was to determine the benefit of using  both  of  fecal markers (calprotectin and  lactoferrin) in patients presenting with chronic diarrhea  and  recurrent abdominal pain for differentiation between organic diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from non-organic disease, making colonoscope  unnecessary. Subjects and methods: This prospective, observational and analytic study was carried out on 44 children who fulfilling the designed inclusion criteria. The study was carried out from Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric gastroenterology unit and from the Inpatient Units of the Pediatric department Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University Hospitals (Al-Hussein & Sayed Galal Hospitals), as well as referral from other hospitals complaining of recurrent abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea from March 2020 to March 2022. Results: there was statistically significant difference between IBD group and functional abdominal pain group as regard fecal calprotectin with p-value≤ 0.001. There was statistically significant difference between IBD group and functional abdominal pain group as regard fecal lactoferrin with p-value≤ 0.001.
Evaluation of health care providers’ knowledge about physical activity promotion for adults with physical disability in Diyala City
Authors: Muhammad Marwa Laith , Wahed Hala Saadi Abdel
Published: May 2022

Background: Adults with disabilities are three times more likely than adults without disabilities to suffer from heart disease, stroke, diabetes, or cancer. Despite the fact that physical activity can help minimize the impact of many chronic conditions, approximately half of persons with disabilities do not participate in physical activity in their spare time. Caregivers' knowledge plays an important role in such people's health rehabilitation. Therefore, thus aimed to assess health care providers knowledge about physical activity promotion for disabled adults. Methods: A convenience sample of 47 health care providers was recruited using a non-probability sampling approach in Diyala Hospitals for a descriptive cross-sectional study. The questionnaire's dependability was established through a pilot research, and it was subsequently presented to experts for validation. The total number of items in the questionnaire for knowledge related to physical activity promotion was 23. The data was acquired using a self-reporting method and evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis techniques. Results: The study's findings revealed that the majority of respondents were young male caretakers. According to the study's findings, 59.5 percent of caregivers had insufficient understanding about how to promote physical exercise.
Effectiveness of an interventional program on nurses practices toward enteral nutritional support for unconscious patient at critical care unite in Imam Al-Hussein Medical City in Holy Karbala
Authors: Faris Haitham Ibrahim , Abed Rajaa Ibrahim
Published: May 2022

Background: nurses lack the expertise and awareness of enteral nutrition, indicating the necessity of educating them on the nutitonal support. Enhancing the intensive care nurses' knowledge about nutrition may lead to improved nursing practices. Objectives:  to determine the effectiveness of the interventional program on nurses practices toward enteral nutritional support for unconscious patient. Methods: A quasi-experimental was conducted at the Critical Care Unit in Imam AL-Hussein Medical City in Holy Karbala. A non-probability "purposive sample" of (60) nurses who are working at critical care unit. The sample divided into two groups, control group consist of (30) nurses and study group consist of (30) nurses exposed to the nursing educational program. Data were collected by the researcher observed and checked for correct and incorrect performance.  The nurses' Practices check list was composed of (48) items. Results: The study's findings indicate that the study group's  practices  of enteral   nutrition support for unconscious patients is greater to that of the control group at the post-test, as compared to the control group's knowledge, so the interventional program was effective in increasing nurses' practices. Conclusion: The nurse's practice's toward nutrition support for unconscious patients is inadequate at pre test.
Prevalence of posterior ankle impingement syndrome in Egyptian swimmers
Authors: Selmy Manar Mohamed , El Raoof Neveen Abd. El Latif Abd. , Zahran Magda Ramadan
Published: May 2022

Background: Posterior ankle impingement syndrome is a common cause of posterior ankle pain that is known to be associated with sports which require the athletes to repetitively plantar flex the ankle such as ballet dancers, gymnasts, football, swimming, cycling. PAIS can limit the athlete’s ability to perform at the optimal level. Objective: To determine the prevalence of posterior ankle impingement syndrome in Egyptian swimmers. Subjects & Methods: Three hundred and fifty male and female Athletes; their age ranging from 8 to 18 years old practicing swimming for at least one year. Diagnosis of PAIS was made based on history taking and assessment using hyper plantar flexion ankle special test. Results: The prevalence of PAIS in the selected sample was 24.9% with 95% CI of 20.62- 29.64%. Conclusion: Swimming practice must be with precautions to avoid PAIS injury.  Routine extensor tendon stretching before swimming and protective ankle dorsiflexion taping are recommended to prevent posterior ankle impingement syndrome.
Morphometric study of torsion of humerus and its applications in total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Skaria Sajan , Kulkarni Manoj
Published: May 2022

Background: Being the most common bone to osteoporotic fracture after the hip and distal radius, the surgical importance of the proximal humerus has gained much interest. Shoulder joint replacement has become very common option for many clinical conditions like arthritis, fracture of proximal humerus etc in last few decades. Although the fractures can be treated non surgically, the surgical correction has gained popularity. Restoration of the normal anatomy of the shoulder is extremely important to avoid future complications in shoulder arthroplasty. The angles at the proximal humerus are crucial in selecting the appropriate prostheses. The objective of the study is to have a region specific data on the torsion of head of humerus. Material and methods:  Angle of torsion of 300 unpaired humeri collected from various medical colleges of Western part of India were analysed. Observation: The average torsion of humerus was 63.89±14.97. The P value of 0.483 showed statistically non-significant difference between the left and right humeri. Conclusion : The success of  Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) depends on the satisfaction of the patient. Population specific prosthesis increases patient satisfaction and decreases post operative complications.
assessment of Iraqi EFL college students’ achievement in vocabulary
Authors: Dakhil Taif Abdulhussein , Abdulsahib Islam Fadhil , Koban Haydar Jabr
Published: May 2022

One of the most important aspects of studying English as a foreign language is vocabulary, mainly at a low level of communicating meanings. Though vocabulary is of high importance, EFL learners face great difficulties in acquiring it. One of the significant issues is that EFL students have no clue on how to learn vocabulary effectively. The othear issue is that instructional methods can be insufficient to such a degree that they can be due to their uselessness in encouraging learners to practice language, as they should be. Pedagogically, the study is expected to be useful for syllabus designers  as it concentrates on a vital aspect of language, i.e. vocabulary. This study may also be of some significance to language examiners who assess learners’ vocabulary mastery in an appropriate context. Since context-free and context-dependent vocabulary is essential in EFL, the current research aims to evaluate the EFL College students’ ability to use context-free and context-dependent vocabulary.
Effectiveness of an educational program on nurses’ practice toward physical therapy for patients with COVID-19
Authors: Mohammed Qassem Dali , Atiyah Hussein Hadi
Published: May 2022

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an interventional program on nursing staffs’ practice toward physical therapy for patients with COVID-19. A pre-experimental (one-pretest-posttest) design was used to conduct this study. A non-probability (purposive) sampling was used to select (60 nurses) working in ICU. To measure the effectiveness of the interventional program, the researcher used a knowledge form that included (22) questions patient-oriented with COVID-19. The validity of the questionnaire and the interventional program was verified by presenting it to (12) experts. The reliability was determined using the test-retest approach for the knowledge questionnaire. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The study findings statistical mean of the overall nursing staff' practices in physical therapy was (1.005), p. value (.320) before implementation of the interventional program, while it becomes (12.483), P. value (0.000) High significant  after the interventional program has been applied. When comparing the results of the study group before and after the implementation of the program, the results were statistically significant with a percentage of (9.834) P. value (0.000).
Implanon uptake at the university of Calabar teaching hospital Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Eyong Edu M , Okon Asuquo O , Ekpo Edet E , Abeshi Sylvester E
Published: May 2022

Background: Implanon is a modern hormonal contraceptive with a long-acting and reversible effect. It is effective for up to 3 years and can be given during breastfeeding, thus preventing early pregnancy in about 99% of breastfeeding mothers.  The current prevalence rate for contraceptive use in Nigeria is approximately 11%–15%. This rate is very low in spite of the high rate of sexual activity and widespread awareness of the various contraceptive methods among Nigerian adolescents and youths. Objective: To determine the socio-demographic profile of implanon acceptors, the side effects profile and reasons for discontinuation of the method in Calabar. Method: This was a five-year retrospective review of records of clients who accepted Implanon at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Nigeria. Result: During the period under review, 311 clients accepted Implanon as a method of modern contraceptive in this tertiary facility. The mean age of users was 31.0  5.5SD. Of this number, 97.7% were Christians while 2.3% were Muslims. 93.6% of the clients had at least secondary education and above, 52.7% of the clients had three or more children at the point of accepting the method. However, 80.0% of them desired future fertility. T
Psychological effects of music on mental health
Authors: Deshmukh Shrikala , Gupta Preeti
Published: May 2022

Music is a great psychotherapy which gives relief from stress. It develops the mind and boosts self-confidence. Music plays a more important role in our life as it has positive effect on our mental health. Here In this research, changing mood from negative to positive by using Psychology term Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) mood scale is implemented. PANAS questionnaire is used to take survey to create songs database. Test-retest reliability method is used. The Test-retest is conducted with the same group of participants after a gap of 1 month. The Test-retest correlation between the two sets of scores is evaluated. The correlation value for these data is around +0.93. Psychological effects on health are discussed.
Brain tumor identification and classification system using convolutional neural network
Authors: Khasim Syed , Basha Shaik Shakeer
Published: May 2022

The production of extra cells often results in the formation of clusters tissue, which means growth or tumor. Brain tumor has two types: Benign Non-Cancer and Malignant Cancer and Leading bad human condition. Brain tumor has various dimensions as well shapes and comes from different places. It is very important to find the type it grows at its beginning. Separation, acquisition and acquisition of the location of the infected tumor from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is primary anxiety but a tedious and time-consuming task done by a radiologist or clinic doctor professionals and their accuracy is based solely on their experience. So use computer technology required. So feeding ahead of performance. A neural network called the Convolution neural network (CNN) is used for measurement the complexity of the tumor in the brain that provides accurate results.
Evaluation of in-vitro anti-cancer activity of aqueous extract of the C. maxima seed
Authors: Vidhya C. S. , Loganathan M. , Baskaran N , Bhuvana S. , Meenatchi R
Published: May 2022

The most frequent cancer in women worldwide is breast cancer, it is also the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. As a consequence, there is a pressing need to develop more effective cancer medicines. The seed of pumpkin C. maxima reported to have medicinal properties and pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-microbial activity. In the present study, we performed DPPH free radical scavenging activity and anti-microbial activity against microorganisms E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. bracilences, S. aureus using aqueous extract of C. maxima seed were preferred. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were used to test anti-cancer activities In -vitro. The outcomes revealed high anti-oxidant activity of the extract 0.781 ± 0.016 in 100 μg/ml and anti-microbial activity showed the most prominent activity of the extract against all the tested microorganisms. The MTT assay showed IC50 value of 45.40 μg/ml of the extract. Further, the Ao/EtBr staining proved that the methanolic extract of C. maxima possess protective activity against MCF-7 cell lines.
Immediate implants in maxillary anterior region with guided bone augmentation
Authors: Arora Dhruv , Arora Pareedhi
Published: May 2022

Aim: This case is a combination of vertical and horizontal defect in maxillary anterior region accompanied with absence of facial soft tissue which rehabilitated following extraction of tooth was rehabilitated by guided bone regeneration (GBR) and immediate implant Background: Loss of the labial bony wall during extraction of maxillary anterior teeth is a commonly encountered conundrum. During planning for an immediate implant placement in such a compromised area, guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a well-accepted method for bone and soft tissue reconstruction. Case Description: In the presented case report, a combination of vertical and horizontal defect of more than 2 mm accompanied with absence of facial soft tissue following extraction of tooth was rehabilitated by GBR and immediate implant. The follow - up was performed 36 months after final loading with good esthetic outcome and bone graft well apposed to native bone in CBCT evaluation with no obvious complications. Conclusion: The vertical and horizontal ridge volumetric alterations positively can be achieved by simultaneous GBR with immediate implant placement. Clinical Significance: The purpose of discussing this case report is to portray the efficacy of GBR along with immediate implant in case with both vertical and horizontal bone defects.
Comparative study between irisin and donepezil (Anticholinesterase) on cognitive functions in cases of scopolamine induced Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hewady Passant Medhat , El-Fatah Ahmed El-Sayed Abd , El-Baradey Hala Fouad , Madi Mohamed Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder. Donepezil hydrochloride is a cholinesterase inhibitor that is selective. Irisin is a 112-amino acid glycosylated protein-hormone. Objective: to compare the effect of irisin and donepezil (anticholinestrase) on cognitive function in cases of scopolamine induced Alzheimer’s disease like condition in male albino rats. Materials and methods: Fifty albino male rats of a local strain, weighing between 150 and 200 g, enrolled in this study. At room temperature, with 12-hour light/dark cycles, and with free access to running tap water and pelleted laboratory chow, the rats were kept in separate cages (5 rats per cage) for the duration of the experiment. Results: Donepezil administration achieved significant decrease in A che level in donepezil treated group, in relation to AD group, (AD+D). Irisin administration caused insignificant change in A che level in Irisin treated group in relation to AD group (AD+I). Conclusions: Irisin can reduce scopolamine-induced AD manifestations through its antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects, which were evaluated both biochemically and behavioural. Donepezil enhances memory as it is anti cholinestrase, also it has anti-inflammatory effect. Donepezil and irisin treatment potentiate each other as they act synergestically by different mechanisms to counrtact memory loss.
Investigation inhibitory effect of the fungus Alternaria filtrate on the growth of the types of bacteria used under study
Authors: Omer Farah H. , Ali Ghaydaa MA. , Sultan Safaa M.
Published: May 2022

The present investigative study revealed the inhibitory effect of Alternaria isolates on selectively tested gram-positive and negative bacteria used in this study. Isolate-4 was distinguished by its ability to induce the highest inhibitory effect among the four isolates on E. coli bacteria, followed by isolation-2 as the inhibitory diameter of two isolates was (14 and 10.5) respectively, while the inhibitory diameter of the two isolates (4 and 2) was less. Effect on Proteus Vulgaris bacteria by reaching the inhibitory diameter of 12 mm to isolate-4, followed by isolate-2, isolate-3 and finally isolation-1, as it reached respectively (11.5, 9 and 7) mm, while no significant effect was observed for the four isolates on Bacillus substiles except for the two isolates (3 and 1), they had a clear effect, as it reached a diameter Inhibition (7 and 9), while no effect on staphylococcus aureus was observed.
Role of pharmaceutical industry in killing humanity & fostering social disorganization
Authors: Jha Radhey Shyam , Tyagi Nidhi , Singh Ujjwal Kumar , Pradhan Avishek , Dixit Abhiranjan
Published: May 2022

Westernization has deeply affected the Indian society by discarding morality, values and ethics. In a traditional Indian Society almost all human actions, behavior and even relationships were well defined and kept under limitations. Restricted and legalized way of sexual relation, that too after solemnization of legal marriage, was in practice. Since the relationship was legal, birth of children used to be a celebration and no place was for abortion or for termination of pregnancy. Modern India is totally different. Now sexual relations without marriage is a fashion and unwanted pregnancy is not a big issue. The credit goes to pharmacy sector which has invented and produced a series of contraceptives like caps, condoms, combined pills, implant, injections etc. These are the primary level of protections and if fails, secondary level is also there. Now a person without any prescription can purchase a pregnancy test kit from a medical store and test pregnancy easily. If the result is positive, pharmacy again assists by providing abortion pills etc. which works from the first day of pregnancy to 20 weeks.
Renewable energy as a key factor for sustainable development in India
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Mewar OnKarnath , Tyagi Naina , Hi-Tech Shalu Tyagi , Kumar Ajay
Published: May 2022

Renewable power (wind, solar, geothermal & tidal power) is an unlimited source of energy that is generated by continuous regeneration. Renewable energy is distinguished by the fact that it may be obtained without causing environmental harm. Renewable resources have been discovered to have the capacity to provide answers to mankind's environmental challenges. India is the world's most populated nation, with higher energy consumption. Renewable power is one of the most important possibilities for obtaining this level of quality. Renewable energy now accounts for 37% of India's total energy consumption. Efforts have been taken in this article to highlight our country's existing and future renewable energy targets, as well as problems.
Sectoral impact of COVID-19 on micro enterprises with special reference to Kerala
Authors: Raghunathan Aswani , Remesh Krishnapriya , Viswanathan PK
Published: May 2022

The aftershocks of the novel corona virus had shut down several sectors in the global economy. Due to challenges like raw material shortage, lack of demand, high turnover, delay in bill payments and orders caused by the lockdown restrictions, the micro enterprises were seriously affected the most. On the basis of the background, the present study deals with sectoral impact of Covid crisis on the micro enterprises. Challenges with respect to production, employment, finance and sales are discussed in the paper. Business like Kudumbashrees, handicraft, handloom and dairy farm, covering the whole Kerala with 14 districts, are considered to be more vulnerable to the negative shocks and are hence taken onto the study to identify the kind of factors that led to the hampering of the business. One of the major objectives of this study is to identify and analyse the challenges faced by the micro enterprises during Covid-19. The study also needs to understand the coping mechanisms adopted by these micro-enterprises during the crises. Primary data collection, via questionnaires and telephonic interview, is taken for the study where in 80 is chosen as the sample size.
Aplicación del modelo hidrológico SWAT en unidades hidrográficas de Nicaragua: Simulación del escurrimiento superficial
Authors: Espinoza Acuña Mariann José , Zelaya Martínez Carlos Ramón
Published: May 2022

Los recursos hídricos son los más sensibles ante los efectos del Cambio Climático, por lo que la valoración de su estado resulta indispensable para el bienestar de la población nicaragüense. Con el propósito de generar información cuantitativa sobre la dinámica del escurrimiento superficial para orientar la priorización de gestión integral en las cuencas con déficit hídrico, se estimó el escurrimiento superficial de las unidades hidrográficas de Nicaragua con el modelo hidrológico SWAT. El análisis se efectuó considerando tres combinaciones de escenarios climáticos y usos de la tierra: primero, con el clima del periodo 1988-2017 con uso de la tierra del 2015; el segundo, el escenario climático pesimista (RCP 8.5) del periodo 2040-2069 con uso de la tierra del 2015; y el último, el escenario climático pesimista (RCP 8.5) del periodo 2040-2069 con una propuesta de sustitución de las superficies agropecuarias en pendientes mayores a 15 % por sistemas agroforestales y silvopastoriles. En total se simularon 66 unidades hidrográficas, de las cuales 29 presentaron una respuesta hidrológica deficitaria. En el periodo 1988-2017 el escurrimiento superficial varió de 65.5 a 497.9 mm y de 70.76 a 689.76 mm en el periodo 2040-2069. Con la propuesta de uso de la tierra, se espera que la escorrentía varíe de 36.57 a 683.9 mm, reflejando una disminución media de 70.27 mm. A partir de estas variaciones se concluyó que las unidades de mayor prioridad a ser manejadas son las que se encuentran en Madriz, Nueva Segovia, Estelí y Matagalpa, ubicadas dentro del corredor seco.
Characterizing the burden of uncontrolled acromegaly – a description of real-world patient characteristics in Colombia
Authors: Abreu Alin , Román-González Alejandro , Tovar Henry , Maestre Kariluz , Builes-Barrera Carlos Alfonso , Nessim Edgar , Herrera Daniel , Rojas William
Published: May 2022

Objective: To describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics, relative to biochemical and disease control after treatment initiation, in patients with acromegaly in Colombia.
Methods: Retrospective chart review of newly diagnosed acromegaly patients who initiated medical treatment at referral health institutions in Colombia. Patients with controlled vs uncontrolled disease were analyzed, including comorbidities and treatment patterns. In addition, patients receiving somatostatin analogues (SSAs) as first-line treatment (SSA cohort) were compared with those receiving other medical therapy (non-SSA cohort).
Results: Data obtained from medical records of 53 patients showed a mean age of 49 years (SD 13.31) and a female preponderance (33 [62.26%]). After 1 year of treatment, 10 (18.9%) patients from the SSA cohort achieved complete biochemical control, showing significantly lower levels of median growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) vs 43 (81.1%) patients from the uncontrolled group (p=0.0010 and p=0.0001, respectively). During follow-up, acromegaly-related comorbidities were higher in patients with uncontrolled disease and in the non-SSA group vs the controlled group. Similarly, the percentage of physician visits was lower in the controlled (n=4/10, 40.0%) vs uncontrolled (n=31/43, 72.0%) group and in the SSA (n=24/38, 63.2%) vs non-SSA (n=11/15, 73.3%) cohort.
Conclusion: In patients with acromegaly receiving medical therapy, both GH and IGF-1 levels tended to decline over time with the use of SSAs. Lower frequency of comorbidities and use of healthcare resources were associated with controlled acromegaly. Optimizing disease control with adequate patient follow-up and drug treatment may improve clinical outcomes and promote efficient use of healthcare resources.
Proteínas lácteas como fuente dietaria de biopéptidos antidiabéticos: Estudio de la nutracéutica de los lácteos en la diabetes mellitus desde la biología computacional
Authors: Barrero Jorge Andrés , González Clavijo Angélica María
Published: May 2022

Antecedentes: El consumo de lácteos se ha asociado con un menor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Si bienlos mecanismos subyacentes no se conocen en su totalidad, estudios recientes sugieren que este papel protector está enrelación con las propiedades biológicas de las proteínas lácteas.
Objetivo: Determinar la viabilidad de los lácteos como fuente dietaria de biopéptidos con propiedades antidiabéticas. 
Metodología: Se analizaron las proteínas lácteas de mayor concentración en la leche de cinco especies: bovino, oveja, cabra, búfalo y humano. Estas fueron sometidas a digestión simulada en BIOPEP-UWM y, posteriormente, a un análisis in silico del porcentaje de absorción gastrointestinal, excreción renal, y concentración efectiva media (EC50). 
Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 51 di- y tripéptidos bioactivos inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa-IV (iDPP-IV). Los 13 biopéptidos con mayor perfil deabsorción gastrointestinal fueron aquellos dipéptidos con residuos de leucina y triptófano en la posición C-terminal, siendo estos los aminoácidos más frecuentes en los compuestos iDPP-IV. Asimismo, seis de los trece biopéptidos altamente  absorbibles mostraron ser producto de la digestión de proteínas presentes en la leche de las cinco especies. El análisis del perfil bioactivo reveló 12 blancos moleculares de alta afinidad, de los cuales dos, DPP-IV y calpaína-I, seencuentran involucrados en la fisiopatología de la diabetes.
Conclusiones: Este estudio describe parámetros como la absorción gastrointestinal, excreción renal teórica y EC50 de inhibición de DPP-IV para los biopéptidos con acciónantidiabética, aportando nuevo conocimiento a las propiedades nutracéuticas de los lácteos en la diabetes, y postulando como mecanismo subyacente la liberación de biopéptidos iDPP-IV durante la digestión gastrointestinal.
A framework for tracking the distribution of increasingly abused pharmaceutical medications
Authors: Aweh Opani , Bello Oniyide Alabi , Omemu Jason
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify a system for tracking the distribution of increasingly abused prescription drugs. The problemsidentified in the study was the increase of prescribed drugs falling into the category of drugs that are frequently abused and this was asa result of improper systems in place designed to track such drugs alongside normal drug distribution networks. The theories of drugabuse highlight the propensity for the increased rate of drug abuse amongst individuals and why it has become imperative that a systemthat will track such drugs be developed and must be dynamic to readily update new discoveries falling into the abuse category. The studyused the object-oriented design methodology to formulate designs for the system through eliciting information on the subject matter withdocuments and literature of previous works, empirical investigations and personal interviews. The obtained knowledge was then used indesigning the proposed system requirements. Manual tests were carried out in units for each component’s functionality before the systemwas tested as a single integrated unit. The study concludes with the development of a system that can meet the dynamic requirements fortracking the distribution of drugs that are subject to drug abuse along with the distribution framework.
Application of Statistical Software in Quantitative Data Analysis
Authors: Olayemi Michael Sunday , Olajide Oluwamayowa Opeyimika , Ajayi Omolola Felicia
Published: May 2022

The paper expounds on the application of Statistical Software (SS) in quantitative data analysis. Research questions were formulated andquestionnaire were used for data collection. The collected data were analysed using percentage, mean and regression. From the analysiscarried out, we discovered that women are fewer in the academic profession. We also find out that the most common statistical software isMsExcel, followed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the less popular statistical software is R. Also, the frequently usedstatistical software is SPSS, followed by MsExcel, while the less usage statistical software is R. In this paper work, it was shown that there isa positive impact of statistical software in obtaining a fast, accurate and efficient result in academic staff research work in Kogi State Polytechnic(KSP), Lokoja. The following statistical software - MsExcel, SPSS, Graphpad, Minitab and R, were highlighted and the regressionanalysis carried out for each statistical software were screenshot and presented. It was discovered that the five (5) different SS used gavethe same result. The simple regression model obtained is Number of Death = 44+ 2.17Malaria. Recommendations were made accordingly
Saussurea hookeri C.b. Clarke (Asteraceae): A new record for Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Rawat Gopal , Adhikari Bhupendra
Published: May 2022

Saussurea hookeri C.B. Clarke is recorded as new to the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Diversity of wild legumes and associated rhizobia in the coastal regions of Andaman
Authors: Rajalakshmi S. , Palanisamy M. , Jayakumar V.
Published: May 2022

The present study was undertaken to uncover the diversity of root nodulating Rhizobium and associated wild legumes growing in coastal regions of Bay Islands. The exploration of coastal areas of South Andaman showed occurrence of 5 unique wild legumes and in that two viz., Vigna marina and Mucuna monosperma were found to grow in seashore areas. The earlier had abundant canopy and pods even under submergence of sea water during high tide and the second one was capable of growing in the backwater of sea. Results show that the five Rhizobum isolates associated with these wild legumes exhibit similar kind of reaction to various biochemical test with few exceptions. Among the isolates WL1 and WL12 associated with V. marina and M. monosperma, respectively showed high salt tolerance and that grew up to 1000mM NaCl in vitro, which is unique finding.
Systemin modulates defense responses in roots of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) during the pre-colonization stage of the mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: De la Noval Blanca M. , Martínez-Gallardo Norma A. , Délano-Frier John P.
Published: May 2022

Aim of study: The symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhances the uptake of soil minerals by the plant, predominantly phosphorus, in return for plant photosynthates. This study was performed to support the premise that the suppression of root defense responses during the pre-colonization stage is required for the subsequent colonization of tomato roots by AMF.
Area of study: This study was performed in the Plant Defense Laboratory of Cinvestav, at Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Material and methods: Systemin (SYS) was added, together with spore suspensions of three different AMF species, to young tomato plantlets. The roots were subsequently sampled, 0.5 to 12 h post-application, in order to quantify degree of mycorrhizal colonization, in vitro β-glucanase (GLN) and chitinase (CHI) enzyme activity and wound-responsive gene expression levels.
Main results: The sole application of exogenous SYS induced the rapid expression of a battery of early wound-responsive genes, together with a swift and transient activation of CHI, but not GLN. However, when added together with AMF spores, SYS differentially modulated the activity of these enzymes in an AMF species-dependent manner. Modified lytic activity was preceded or accompanied by the rapid and sustained induction of the RbohD, LOXD and PLA2 genes shortly after contact with AMF spores.
Research highlights: The findings of this study suggest a role for oxylipins and reactive oxygen species in the initial AMF recognition process. They also indicate that exogenous SYS is perceived by the roots, where it modulates the local root defense response to facilitate AMF colonization.
SEISMICITY STUDIES IN INDIA
Authors: TANDON AN , CHATTERJEE SN
Published: May 2022

All the available data from historic time has been collected for earthquakes of magnitude 5 and above occurring in and around India and an epicentral map has beer. prepared.

 

Earthquake recurrence curve for the Himalayan seismic region and for a few places of special interest. viz., Chatra,Dehra Dun. Delhi and Sonepat have been drawn. It has been found that the slope of the recurrence diagrams is nearly the same in all cases. It does not vary with the change in area. or the interval of time taken. The results obtained have been discussed.
Westward moving sea level low pressure systems in the south Bay of Bengal during southwest monsoon
Authors: MUKHERJEE AK , NATARAJAN G
Published: May 2022

The movement of low pressure systems from the east, across south Bay of Bengal and south Indian Peninsula, during July and August, when the southwest monsoon has established itself over India has been studied for a 20-year period from 1946 to 1965, Only well marked systems, which could be delineated on the sea level synoptic chart, are reported In the present paper, The characteristics of these systems and its relation with other systems  breaks in southwest monsoon etc are discussed.

 

The effect of migratory lows on rainfall has been studied for Madras State, Kerala and coastal Mysore, While Madras gets good rain with scattered heavy to very heavy falls, the rainfall over the West Coast particularly in the northern parts, is comparatively less marked.
A study of July 1927 rain-storm which caused severe floods in the Baitarani delta
Authors: DHAR ON , KAMTE PP
Published: May 2022

The rain-storm of 28-30 July 1927 over the Baitarani basin in Orissa is reported to have produced severe floods in the deltaic area of the Orissa coast. This rain-storm was analysed by both depth-duration  and depth-area-duration methods. The depth-area-duration analysis of the rain-storm showed that the average depth of 20 inches of rain occurred over an area of 5000 sq. miles in three days. The return period of storm was calculated statistically and 2-day rainfall depth of 16.4 inches over the Baitarani basin was found to have a return period of about 525 years.
Studies of atmospheric electrical potential gradient near the ground at Poona during the IQSY
Authors: CHOUDHURI R , GOPINATH S
Published: May 2022

A detailed study of the diurnal and seasonal variations in the atmospheric electrical potential gradient near the around during the IQSY has been made from the records of photographic electrograph installed in the Meteorological Office at Poona. The results are compared  with earlier values obtained at Poona during the IGY, and at Bombay both during the IGY and IQSY. The electric field at both Poona and Bombay shows a large increase since the IGY and these are attributed to the Increase in sources of atmospheric pollution in the region during the last few years.
Possible Radon concentration over the Indian Seas during the southwest monsoon season on the basis of climatic features of the area and utilization of the of the Radon results for identifying air masses
Authors: DESAI BN
Published: May 2022

Important climatic features during the southwest monsoon season over the north Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal have been described, and on the basic of ama's results that the southeast trades air is poor and the continental air rich in radon, possible concentration of radon over the area has been discussed. It is considered that radon results should be interpreted taking into account the prevailing synoptic features as ordinarily pure air masses may not be present over the Indian Seas north of the equator.
A study of Sudden Commencements of Geomagnetic Storms at Trivandrum
Authors: NATARAJAN R
Published: May 2022

The occurrence frequency distribution of SC (+) is not showing any siginifiacnt variation with local time, while the SC(-+) cases occur, in the equatorial station Trivandurm, during the day-time electrojet. There is a direct relationship between the severity of the SC storm and the rate of filed change of the SC amplitude and rise time. At this station, the polarization of the SC field vector in the horizontal plane is linear.
The extra-ordinary path of the Bay of Bengal Storm of 1-15 December 1965 in relation to the Tiros 10 Satellite observations and the Upper Tropospheric Wind-field
Authors: SWAMINATHAN DR
Published: May 2022

The extraordinary path of the Bay of Bengal storm of 7-15 December 1965, the upper tropospheric wind field which steered the movement and the Tiros 10 Satellite observations of the storm are discussed in this paper, Some rare features of the storm are also presented.
A study of vertical wind profile of the Westerly Jet stream over Delhi, using radar wind data
Authors: MOKASHI RY
Published: May 2022

Radar wind observations for the months December to February (winter season) during three consecutive years (1963-1966) have been utilised to study the vertical wind profile of the sub-tropical westerly jet stream over Delhi and the observed features have been discussed. The main finding is that the stronger the sub tropical westerly jet stream, the lower is the altitude of maximum wind.
Chemical Composition of Rain Water across the Western Ghats
Authors: RAMACHANDRAMURTY AS , RAMANAMURTY BHV
Published: May 2022

Analysis of rain water samples collected in the path of the monsoon air stream at three locations from the west coast suggested that clouds in the downwind of the Western Ghats are modified to continental type as a result of Preferential depletion of certain particulate matters from the cloud air before crossing the crest and addition certain other particulate matters of local origin after entry Into the plateau. Based on the measurements, a method been proposed for stimulating rain in clouds of the leeside of the Western Ghats.
An analysis on the domestic fish marketing of south Andaman
Authors: Kanchana S , Rajamohan Dr. S
Published: May 2022

The domestic fish marketing of fish landing centre of south Andaman was analysed. The study has undertaken between January and February, 2022 in two fish landing centres (FLCs) of South Andaman namely Wandoor and Junglighat. Around 9 fishery cooperative societies marketing personnel were interviewed by adopting semistructured interview method and daily visit to landing centre has been done to analyse the structure and pattern of fish marketing system in both the FLCs (Table 1). This exercise has undertaken to meet different marketing personnel nearby portblair region and ideate about the interventions which could be planned for improving the infrastructure facilities and innovations in the marketing system (Table 2). It is observed that the marketing costs incurred by each of the intermediaries has been increasing day by day in Junglighat fish market and less involvement in Wandoor landing centre. Lack of proper communication facility with the island while fishing, inadequacy of maintenance yards for crafts and gears, lack of launching and landing facilities for crafts and gears in many areas, lack of processing factories and inadequate training for fishermen by the fisheries department are the infrastructural constraints pointed out by the fishermen at landing centre.
Glycemic Control of Stroke Patients and Their Outcomes in a Comprehensive Stroke Center at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort
Authors: Amir Hossain Mohammad , Wyczesany Barbara , Jackie Dwyer , Patel Swapnil , Agarwal Khushboo , Soomro Rabail , Yung Brian , Akoluk Arda , Martino Stephen , Cheng Jennifer , Ong Raquel , Asif Arif
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the major modifiable risk factors for having a stroke and those who present with a stroke are found to have hyperglycemia. The association between hyperglycemia and stroke has been found in an increasing number of studies. Evidence indicates that persistent in-hospital hyperglycemia during the first 24 hours after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with worse outcomes than normoglycemia. We conducted a retrospective chart review to see the glycemic control of stroke patients and their hospital outcome over a 3-month period as part of a pre-evaluation assessment to develop a hyperglycemia protocol in the stroke unit. Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this study. A total of 142 patients with acute stroke admitted in the Comprehensive Stroke Center at Jersey Shore University Medical Center over a 3-month period were included in this study. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, glycemic patterns at admission and throughout the hospital stay, types of stroke, length of stay, NIH (National Institutes of Health) stroke scale on admission and discharge, discharge disposition and outcome were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS and a nova with tukey as post-hoc analysis. For the graph, we used prism and for the regression analysis, stat disk was used. Results: Average age of the patients was 73 years, with male predominance (54%). Average BMI of the patients was 28.2. Most of the patients had an ischemic stroke (73%). Major comorbidities were hypertension (88%), dyslipidemia (66%), and diabetes (36%). About 8 of 143 (6%) patients were newly diagnosed with diabetes. Average Hba1C was 6.5. For a detailed statistical analysis, we divided patients into three groups by their blood glucose levels ranging from 80-140 mg/dl in group 1, 140-180 mg/dl in group 2, and more than 180 mg /dl in group 3. Then, we compared the length of stay (LOS), NIH scale admission/discharge, types of stroke and discharge disposition within the three groups. This study showed that the NIH stroke scale on admission in group 3 (blood glucose >180mg/dl) was higher compared to group 1 (blood glucose 80-140 mg/dl), with a p value of <0.01. Length of stay was more in group 3 compared to group 1 and 2, with a P value < 0.08. Conclusion: Although this study limited by smaller patient groups, but it concludes that higher blood glucose level associated with higher NIH stroke scale at admission and during discharge and have increased length of stay which is consistent with other similar studies.
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Hypertension in Cameroonian Adult Population
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon  Pneumology A Service, Yaoundé Jamot Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Walter Pefura-Yone Eric , Jean Pierre Kamga Olen , Dodo Balkissou Adamou , François Kaze-Folefack Jérôme , Djenabou Amadou , Poka-Mayap Virginie , Kuaban Alain , Djabbo Abdoul Whahab Haman , Asmaou Sounou , Kenne-Kenyo Corine , Kuaban Christopher
Published: May 2022

Data on association between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and hypertension are very limited in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to look for an independent association between EDS and hypertension and identify the factors associated to EDS in adult subjects with hypertension in Cameroon. Data from cross-sectional community surveys conducted from 2015 to 2018 in three regions of Cameroon (West, Littoral, and North) were analyzed. The participants aged ≥ 19 years were included using multilevel stratified random sampling method. EDS was defined as an Epworth score ≥ 10. Subjects were considered to have hypertension if they were on treatment for hypertension or had a blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg measured by standard protocols. Logistic regression was used to investigate the factors associated to EDS. The p-value < 0.05 was set as significant statistical threshold. A total of 8288 subjects (55.2% females) of median age (25th -75th percentiles) of 39 (27-54) years were included. The prevalence of EDS was higher in subjects who had hypertension as than in those without hypertension (13.4% vs 11.5%, p = 0.015), with an unadjusted odds ratio (IC 95%) of 1.19 (1.04-1.38). After multivariate analysis including place of residence, age, sex, education level and body mass index (BMI), we did not find an independent association between EDS and hypertension [odds ratio 95% CI): 1.01 (0.8-1.18), p = 0.937]. The determinants of EDS in subjects with hypertension were residence in Bandjoun [2.23 (1.12-4.11), p = 0.10], Douala [2.78 (1.48-5.25), p = 0.002] and Garoua [1.95 (1.01-3.74), p = 0.045] compared to Figuil; and BMI [1.04 (1.02-1.06) per 1kg/m2 increase, p = 0.001]. In conclusion, we did not find an independent association between EDS and hypertension in Cameroon. Obesity is associated with EDS in subjects with hypertension.