bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scope and limitations of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques for characterisation and quantitation of vitamin D in complex mixtures
Authors: Robertson Cameron , Lucas Robert A. , Le Gresley Adam
Published: September 2019

Background

The accurate determination of vitamin D in skin is of considerable importance in evaluating penetration of skin health products through the different layers of the skin.

Objective

We report on the characterisation and quantitation of vitamin D in an idealised sample and in complex mixtures which mimic that of a typical skin cream, using qNMR, 2D NMR and DOSY techniques.

Methods

The characterisation and quantitation conditions were acquired over several heterogeneous samples, allowing for analysis of how the dynamic range and complexity of the different sample mixtures affect the limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) of vitamin D. NMR is of particular value to this task as it is non‐destructive, uses a primary ratio method for quantification, and tolerates a wide variety of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components within a given matrix.

Results

In this investigation, we have attained a trueness level <10%, repeatability values of <1% and brought the limit of quantitation down to 100 nmol/L (≈limit of baseline range of vitamin D2 and D3 per litre seen in vivo), commenting on the limitations observed, such as peak overlap and sensitivity limits.

Conclusions

Pure shift optimised sequences allow us to reduce peak overlapping, allowing further characterisation of individual compounds and the separation of complex mixtures using NMR.
Application of parelectric spectroscopy to detect skin cancer—A pilot study
Authors: Arnold‐Brüning Frederike S. , Blaschke Tobias , Kramer Klaus , Lademann Jürgen , Thiede Gisela , Fluhr Joachim W. , Patzelt Alexa , Meinke Martina C.
Published: September 2019

Background

The early detection of skin cancer is still challenging and calls for objective, fast diagnostic, and ideally non‐invasive methods in order to leave the potentially malignant tumor cells unaltered. In this paper, the parelectric spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the potential of a non‐invasive detection of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and malignant melanoma.

Materials and Methods

A prototype of parelectric spectroscopy was used to investigate non‐invasively dipole density and mobility of suspicious skin lesions. The differences in investigated tissue were analyzed compared to pathohistological findings in a clinical study on 51 patients with suspected BCC and malignant melanoma.

Results

The non‐invasive parelectric spectroscopy could differentiate between normal skin, BCC, and melanoma but failed to distinguish between different types of skin cancer. The data were normalized to unsuspected nearby skin because the different skin locations influence dipole density and mobility.

Conclusion

The results of the pilot study indicate that the parelectric spectroscopy might be an additional, useful non‐invasive diagnostic procedure to distinguish between normal skin and skin cancer.
Simulation of the Deposit Evolution on a Fan Blade for Tunnel Ventilation
Authors: Castorrini Alessio , Venturini Paolo , Corsini Alessandro , Rispoli Franco
Published: September 2019

Fans used in tunnel ventilation operate for decades in an atmosphere that carries dust, soot, and other solid particles. The formation of deposit on the rotor blades, considering a so long time of exposition to this particle-laden flow, is highly probable. A not negligible quantity of deposited material can produce damages on the performance of the fan, but also mass unbalancing, which is potentially dangerous for the structural integrity of the fan components. We applied our simulation tool to study a case of deposition on a large axial fan blade, used for tunnel ventilation. The outcome of the study is a parametric map of fouled blade geometries, obtained by simulating the deposition process over the increasing quantity of ingested particles mixture. The final map correlates the level and shape of deposit to the overall amount of particle ingested by the fan in its operating life. The same map can be easily used to predict the time needed in a specific application to reach any specific deposit thickness. The evolution algorithm and simulation tools developed in the past years by the authors were applied to predict the modified geometry of eroded rotor blades. Here, the same framework is updated to simulate the deposit problem. We use an integrated multiphase solver, coupled with a geometry update method. The solver can iteratively simulate the flow field, compute the particle tracking, dispersion, and deposit processes, and modify the geometry (and mesh) according to the predicted deposit shape and rate.
Parainfectious optic neuritis followed by microcystic macular oedema
Authors: Hipolito-Fernandes Diogo , Elisa-Luís Maria , Trigo Miguel , Tavares-Ferreira Joana
Published: September 2019

Parainfectious optic neuritis is a very rare cause of acute vision loss. We present a case of a 51-year-old man with a recent upper respiratory tract infection, presumably of viral aetiology, who showed up with complains of painless right eye vision loss, followed by the same symptoms on the left eye 3 weeks later. Ophthalmological examination revealed optic disc swelling (sequential in severity) which was confirmed by optic disc imaging. The remaining evaluations (lumbar puncture, MRI, laboratory and genetic testing) were completely normal. Considering a postviral aetiology, 5-day intravenous methylprednisolone treatment was performed. Follow-up examinations revealed slight visual acuity and visual fields recovery, with subsequent optic disc atrophy and microcystic macular oedema, bilaterally. This case illustrates how important a correct clinical history is to guide a correct diagnosis and posterior management.
On Some Aspects of Radiation Protection for High-School Level Students
Authors: De Paiva Eduardo
Published: September 2019

In this short note we discuss some principles of radiation protection at a high-school level. In this attempt, a set of graphics were designed based on the evaluation of an empirical expression, which depends on the distance from the source of radiation, time of exposition to the source and the attenuation of the radiation by a barrier.
How might we increase system trustworthiness?
Authors: Neumann Peter G.
Published: September 2019

Summarizing some of the changes that seem increasingly necessary to address known system and network deficiencies and anticipate currently unknown vulnerabilities.
Pressure Load Characteristics of Nonideal Explosives in a Simulation Cabin
Authors: Wang Chuan-hao , Wang Shu-shan , Zhang Jing-xiao
Published: September 2019

In this study, an aluminum‐containing charge was exploded in an enclosed simulation cabin to explore the characteristics of two types of damaging pressure loads formed by internal explosions: the first incident shock wave and the quasistatic pressure. A high‐frequency piezoelectric sensor was used to measure the first incident shock wave and a low‐frequency piezoresistive sensor was used to measure the quasistatic pressure. After obtaining effective experimental data, the experimental results were compared with the values obtained by the classical calculation model. The results show that the pressure loads generated by the internal explosions from the ideal explosive and the aluminum‐containing explosive share similar load characteristics, given the same mass and benchmark explosive. The difference between the two explosives primarily lies in the amplitude of the load parameters. The aluminum‐containing explosive has lower first incident shock wave and higher quasistatic pressure than that of the ideal explosive. For the peak overpressure of the first incident shock wave, the explosion shock wave load parameters of the aluminum‐containing explosive, which are calculated based on the explosion heat theory, are higher than the measured values. The peak quasistatic overpressure is directly related to the total energy released by the explosion; however, they are hardly correlated with the reaction process. Therefore, the aerobic postcombustion reaction of the aluminum‐containing explosive does not affect the analysis and calculation of the peak quasistatic overpressure. As a result, given the heat value of the explosive, the peak quasistatic overpressure of the explosive can accurately be obtained.
Isolated Splenic Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma 11 Years after Surgery
Authors: dos Santos Romao Davi , Horvat Natally , Castro Gonçalves Marianne , Shigueaki Abe Emerson , Blanco Dumarco Rodrigo , Cesar Cavalcante Viana Publio , Machado Marcel Cerqueira Cesar
Published: September 2019

Splenic metastases are rare and usually occur in cases of disseminated disease. We report a case of a patient who had isolated splenic metastases with a previous history of left nephrectomy due to a renal cell carcinoma 11 years before. The aim of this report is to describe the case and review the literature of isolated splenic metastases due to renal carcinoma. This case emphasizes the importance of considering splenic metastatic disease even after many years of diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.
Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Sizing: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rong Lisa Q. , Hameed Irbaz , Salemi Arash , Rahouma Mohamed , Khan Faiza M. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Shore‐Lesserson Linda , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe , Girardi Leonard N. , Fremes Stephen E. , Gaudino Mario
Published: September 2019

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (
TAVR
) is the standard of care for many patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis and relies on accurate sizing of the aortic annulus. It has been suggested that 3‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) may be used instead of multidetector computed tomography (
MDCT
) for
TAVR
planning. This systematic review and meta‐analysis compared 3D TEE and
MDCT
for pre‐
TAVR
measurements.

Methods and Results

A systematic literature search was performed. The primary outcome was the correlation coefficient between 3D TEE– and
MDCT‐
measured annular area. Secondary outcomes were correlation coefficients for mean annular diameter, annular perimeter, and left ventricular outflow tract area; interobserver and intraobserver agreements; mean differences between 3D TEE and
MDCT
measurements; and pooled sensitivities, specificities, and receiver operating characteristic area under curve values of 3
D TEE
and
MDCT
for discriminating post‐
TAVR
paravalvular aortic regurgitation. A random effects model was used. Meta‐regression and leave‐one‐out analysis for the primary outcome were performed. Nineteen studies with a total of 1599 patients were included. Correlations between 3D
TEE
and
MDCT
annular area, annular perimeter, annular diameter, and left ventricular outflow tract area measurements were strong (0.86 [95%
CI
, 0.80–0.90]; 0.89 [
CI
, 0.82–0.93]; 0.80 [
CI
, 0.70–0.87]; and 0.78 [
CI
, 0.61–0.88], respectively). Mean differences between 3
D TEE
and
MDCT
between measurements were small and nonsignificant. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement and discriminatory abilities for paravalvular aortic regurgitation were good for both 3
D TEE
and
MDCT
.

Conclusions

For pre‐
TAVR
planning, 3
D TEE
is comparable to
MDCT
. In patients with renal dysfunction, 3
D TEE
may be potentially advantageous for
TAVR
measurements because of the lack of contrast exposure.
Hop to It: The First Animal Model of Autoimmune Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Miller Amanda J. , Doherty Taylor A.
Published: September 2019

See Article
Li et al
A taxonomic revision of the southern African species of Pelargonium section Peristera (Geraniaceae)

Authors: LE ROUX M. MARIANNE
Published: September 2019

The genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) includes ca. 281 species, organised into 16 sections and four subgenera. Since the last revision of the genus by Knuth in 1912, recent revisions have been completed for all of the currently recognised sections of the genus with the exception of three, sections Ciconium, Otidia and Peristera. Pelargonium sect. Peristera is lectotypified, and a taxonomic revision of the southern African species of this section is presented, recognising 11 species, of which one, P. sessiliflorum, is described as new. An identification key is provided along with nomenclature, descriptions, distribution maps, habitat information, and conservation notes for the 11 recognised species, synonymising nine names.
Description of a new species of freshwater crab of the genus rcithelphusa Pati & Sudha Devi, 2015 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Authors: PATI S.K. , SUJILA P.S. , DEVI A.R. SUDHA
Published: September 2019

A new species of the hitherto monotypic gecarcinucid freshwater crab genus, Arcithelphusa Pati & Sudha Devi, 2015, is described from the Western Ghats, in the Wayanad district of Kerala, India. Arcithelphusa tumpikkai sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from the only congener, A. cochleariformis Pati & Sudha Devi, 2015, mainly by its relatively broader carapace, the presence of a short flagellum on the exopod of the third maxilliped, and the relatively less stout male first gonopod, with a sharply bent and relatively long terminal segment. The diagnosis for Arcithelphusa is emended to include the new species, which can be useful in distinguishing it from the closely related genus Cylindrotelphusa Alcock, 1909. The state of Kerala now has 38 species of gecarcinucid crabs, including the present new species.
Influence of Abyssal Mixing on the Multilayer Circulation in the South China Sea
Authors: Quan Qi , Xue Huijie
Published: September 2019

By parameterizing the abyssal mixing as the exchange velocity (entrainment/detrainment) between the middle and deep layers of the South China Sea (SCS), its effects on the multilayer circulation are examined. Results indicate that the cyclonic circulation in the deep SCS appears only when the mixing induces an entrainment of at least 0.72 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) from the deep to the middle layer, which is equivalent to a diapycnal diffusivity of 0.65 × 10−3 m2 s−1 or a net input rate of gravitational potential energy (GPE) of 6.89 GW, respectively. It is also found that tidal mixing in the SCS is stronger than the threshold for the generation of the cyclonic abyssal circulation, but the pattern and evolution of the deep circulation and meridional overturning circulation also depend on the spatiotemporal variability of the mixing. Moreover, the abyssal mixing is able to intensify the anticyclonic circulation in the middle layer but weaken the cyclonic circulation in the upper layer. Vorticity analysis suggests that the upward net flux induced by the abyssal mixing leads to vortex stretching (squeezing) and modulates the pressure gradient by redistributing the layer thickness, hence affects the pattern and strength of the circulation in the middle (deep) layer of the SCS, respectively. The depth-integrated effect of the thickness variation can modulate the pressure gradient across all layers and hence influence the upper-layer circulation.
Evaluation of the behaviour of unripe banana flour with non-conventional flours in the production of gluten-free bread
Authors: Martínez-Castaño Marcela , Lopera-Idarraga Juan , Pazmiño-Arteaga Jhonathan , Gallardo-Cabrera Cecilia
Published: September 2019

Gluten-free breads were developed by incorporating unripe banana flour in a blend of alternative flour/cassava starch, 45/50. A factorial design was applied to determine the simultaneous effect of percentage of unripe banana flour (2, 8, 15%) and the type of alternative flour (quinoa, oyster mushroom, yellow pea and lentil flour) on structural and colour properties of bread. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the behaviour of the formulations from a comprehensive perspective. Three formulations, denoted as P8 (pea + 8% unripe banana flour), Q15 (quinoa + 15% unripe banana flour) and L15 (lentil + 15% unripe banana flour) exhibited the closest profiles to reference (wheat bread). Breads with oyster mushroom flour showed a profile significantly different from the rest of formulations. The interactions among the factors were significant for all studied properties and showed that the unripe banana flour fortification did not lead to proportional responses on the bread properties, but the behaviour of unripe banana flour in breadmaking relied on the percentage and the type of alternative flour used. The P8, Q15 and L15 exhibited high fibre content and carbohydrate content lower than the reference. In addition, P8 formulation can be classified as intermediate glycaemic index.
Aseptic meningitis caused by torque teno virus in an infant: a case report
Authors: Ikuta Yoji , Oba Kunihiro , Nai Emina , Katori Tatsuo , Hashino Masanori , Inamine Yuba , Matsunaga Satoko , Yamaoka Yutaro , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Ryo Akihide , Kuroda Makoto
Published: September 2019

Background

Torque teno virus-induced aseptic meningitis has not been documented, although torque teno virus infections still remain under consideration for etiological agents. This study identified a torque teno virus sequence using next generation sequencing and immunoglobulin M response to the torque teno virus antigen, therefore, that would be a comprehensive diagnosis for torque teno virus infection.

Case presentation

A 2-month-old Japanese boy was brought to our hospital because he was irritable, drowsy, and lethargic. He was admitted based on his test results which indicated the possibility of septic meningitis. He was started on treatment with high-dose antibiotics and steroids. On the third day of hospitalization, he became afebrile with improvement in his general status and was discharged on the sixth day. He had no developmental problems for up to 1 year after discharge. Metagenomic ribonucleic acid-Seq pathogen detection using next generation sequencing of a sample of his cerebrospinal fluid, which was collected at admission, revealed three short reads homologous to those in torque teno virus out of a total of 1,708,516 reads. This finding indicated that our patient was positive compared to the torque teno virus-negative cerebrospinal fluid samples (controls) from 13 other patients. The torque teno virus has been shown to have a whole genome sequence of 2810 nt by polymerase chain reaction. We prepared a recombinant GP2 antigen from torque teno virus and used it to study our patient’s anti-torque teno virus immune response. An anti-GP2 serum immunoglobulin M response was detected, providing further supportive evidence of torque teno virus infection.

Conclusions

This case speculates that torque teno virus-induced aseptic meningitis has a good course. New technologies like next generation sequencing can help in the identification of such cases, and an accumulation of future cases is expected.
Spatial and seasonal patterns of FMD primary outbreaks in cattle in Zimbabwe between 1931 and 2016
Authors: Guerrini Laure , Pfukenyi Davies Mubika , Etter Eric , Bouyer Jérémy , Njagu Chenjerai , Ndhlovu Felistas , Bourgarel Mathieu , de Garine-Wichatitsky Michel , Foggin Chris , Grosbois Vladimir , Caron Alexandre
Published: September 2019

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important livestock disease impacting mainly intensive production systems. In southern Africa, the FMD virus is maintained in wildlife and its control is therefore complicated. However, FMD control is an important task to allow countries access to lucrative foreign meat market and veterinary services implement drastic control measures on livestock populations living in the periphery of protected areas, negatively impacting local small-scale livestock producers. This study investigated FMD primary outbreak data in Zimbabwe from 1931 to 2016 to describe the spatio-temporal distribution of FMD outbreaks and their potential drivers. The results suggest that: (i) FMD outbreaks were not randomly distributed in space across Zimbabwe but are clustered in the Southeast Lowveld (SEL); (ii) the proximity of protected areas with African buffalos was potentially responsible for primary FMD outbreaks in cattle; (iii) rainfall per se was not associated with FMD outbreaks, but seasons impacted the temporal occurrence of FMD outbreaks across regions; (iv) the frequency of FMD outbreaks increased during periods of major socio-economic and political crisis. The differences between the spatial clusters and other areas in Zimbabwe presenting similar buffalo/cattle interfaces but with fewer FMD outbreaks can be interpreted in light of the recent better understanding of wildlife/livestock interactions in these areas. The types of wildlife/livestock interfaces are hypothesized to be the key drivers of contacts between wildlife and livestock, triggering a risk of FMD inter-species spillover. The management of wildlife/livestock interfaces is therefore crucial for the control of FMD in southern Africa.
Determinants and inverses of perturbed periodic tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices
Authors: Wei Yunlan , Jiang Xiaoyu , Jiang Zhaolin , Shon Sugoog
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we deal mainly with a class of periodic tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices with perturbed corners. By matrix decomposition with the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury formula and constructing the corresponding displacement of matrices we derive the formulas on representation of the determinants and inverses of the periodic tridiagonal Toeplitz matrices with perturbed corners of type I in the form of products of Fermat numbers and some initial values. Furthermore, the properties of type II matrix can be also obtained, which benefits from the relation between type I and II matrices. Finally, we propose two algorithms for computing these properties and make some analysis about them to illustrate our theoretical results.
Genetic robustness of let-7 miRNA sequence–structure pairs
Authors: He Qijun , Huang Fenix W. , Barrett Christopher , Reidys Christian M.
Published: September 2019

Genetic robustness, the preservation of evolved phenotypes against genotypic mutations, is one of the central concepts in evolution. In recent years a large body of work has focused on the origins, mechanisms, and consequences of robustness in a wide range of biological systems. In particular, research on ncRNAs studied the ability of sequences to maintain folded structures against single-point mutations. In these studies, the structure is merely a reference. However, recent work revealed evidence that structure itself contributes to the genetic robustness of ncRNAs. We follow this line of thought and consider sequence–structure pairs as the unit of evolution and introduce the spectrum of extended mutational robustness (EMR spectrum) as a measurement of genetic robustness. Our analysis of the miRNA let-7 family captures key features of structure-modulated evolution and facilitates the study of robustness against multiple-point mutations.
Improving treatment outcomes in maintaining chronic oedema
Authors: Lee Natalie , Lawrence Sue
Published: September 2019

Compression therapy is an excellent means of managing lymphoedema. Natalie Lee and Sue Lawrence examine how adapting compression therapy regimes can improve patient outcomes of treatment and maintenance
Deprivation of liberty: a balancing act, part one
Authors: Burrows Claire
Published: September 2019

In part one of this two-part series, Claire Burrows explores the legal framework for safeguarding vulnerable people through a deprivation of liberty, including the Mental Capacity (Amendment) Act 2019
“Semáforo Alimentar” como instrumento de promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida
Authors: Silva Marcello José Ferreira , Costa Áurea Patrícia de Oliveira , Bonucci Vânia Cláudia de Sousa Guimarães , Pacheco Manuella da Silva
Published: September 2019

A educação alimentar contribui para a melhoria e a proteção da saúde, o que aprimora de maneira significativa o controle do avanço da obesidade e de seus agravos por meio de uma alimentação adequada e saudável. Entre março e maio de 2017, foram realizadas atividades em escola pública com alunos do 1º ciclo de ensino fundamental por meio de recurso didático para educação alimentar e nutricional na forma de cartaz. A amostra constituía 364 alunos, do 1º ao 6º ano, de faixa etária entre 5 e 11 anos, sendo 63,7% do gênero feminino e 36,3% do gênero masculino. Foi utilizado recurso didático, visando à educação alimentar e nutricional, na forma de cartaz e empregada linguagem de fácil entendimento, fazendo o uso de um semáforo de trânsito para simbolizar cada grupo de alimentos que deveriam ser consumidos com maior frequência, os consumidos de forma moderada e os que deveriam ser evitados. Observou-se que as crianças aprenderam a importância dos alimentos para a saúde do corpo com as atividades educativas.
Integração entre oficina de yogaterapia e oficina de intervenção psicossocial como ferramentas de apoio ao portador de diabetes mellitus em Tiradentes, Minas Gerais
Authors: Oliveira Eva Vilma Muniz de , Perrella Beatriz Domingues , Resende Marisângela Aparecida , Gonzaga Jhéssica Lohâyne de Melo
Published: September 2019

O diabetes é considerado uma síndrome metabólica. Ela vem acometendo um número cada vez mais significativo da população mundial. A realidade vivenciada em uma esfera macro não é diferente no município de Tiradentes, Minas Gerais, comunidade em que se desenvolveram ações no projeto de extensão que trabalhou questões grupais e terapêuticas direcionadas aos diabéticos. Neste estudo, objetivou-se compreender a vivência da oficina de yogaterapia e da oficina de intervenção psicossocial, como ferramentas complementares e incentivadoras para a adesão ao tratamento de um grupo de acometidos pelo Diabetes Mellitus nesta cidade. As técnicas foram utilizadas como uma proposta qualitativa com viés participativo, envolvendo 20 acometidos por esta condição de saúde. A metodologia participativa buscou valorizar o conhecimento prévio dos participantes em relação ao diabetes Mellitus e seus cuidados, com perspectiva para envolver corpo e mente além de criar um espaço de reflexão, autorreflexão, autocuidado, respeito pelo outro, conhecimento corporal e fortalecimento diante de seus enfrentamentos. Nesta direção, entrevistas foram utilizadas para fomentar dados para análise. Por tais características pôde-se compreender como as ações demonstram-se adequadas para os programas de educação em diabetes, isto indicado a partir das considerações dos próprios participantes.
Internally-Headed Relative Clauses in Hakha Chin
Authors: Flego Stefon M
Published: September 2019

Hakha Chin, an underdocumented Tibeto-Burman language, is reported to have internally-headed relative clauses (IHRCs), a typologically rare syntactic structure in which the head noun phrase surfaces within the relative clause itself. The current study provides new data and novel observations which bear on several outstanding questions about IHRCs in this language: 1) Relativization of locative and instrumental adjuncts in IHRCs is avoided. 2) Conflicting stem allomorph requirements of negation and relativization of non-subjects give rise to optionality in stem choice when the two are brought together in an IHRC. 3) To relativize an indirect object, an IHRC is either avoided altogether, or the noun phrase is fronted to the absolute left-most position in the embedded clause. 4) Relativization of NPs with a human referent in an IHRC exhibit relativizer gender agreement, which has not been previously reported for this clause type in Hakha Chin.
Verbal Characteristics of Adjectives in Hakha Chin
Authors: Danaher Jillian Grace
Published: September 2019

This paper will present a few items of interest regarding adjectives in the Tibeto-Burman language Hakha Chin, which has approximately 165,000 speakers worldwide (Simons and Fennig, 2018). Using Fiona Mc Laughlin’s methodology of comparing adjectival verbs and non-adjectival verbs in Wolof (Mc Laughlin, 2004), data will be presented comparing adjective and verb structures in Hakha Chin in an intransitive predicate construction, in a comparative construction, in a superlative construction, in questions, in negative constructions, and in relative clauses. This data will establish adjectives in Hakha Chin as being more verb-like than noun-like, and will place Hakha Chin in adjective class I, category 1, according to the classifications set by Robert Dixon (Dixon, 2004). This paper will conclude with a brief discussion of the role that adverbs may play in the adjectival verb phrases of Hakha Chin.
Embodied Grammaticalizations of Time in Hakha Chin
Authors: Merritt Haily
Published: September 2019

In languages around the world, many of the words used to talk about time originate in the domain of space (e.g. ‘a long meeting’ vs. ‘a long table’). This leads us to ask: Does Hakha Chin conform to the documented pattern of using spatial terms to talk about time? In answering this question, we also learn what components are necessary to form temporal adverbial phrases. The data presented here suggest that in the context of temporal adverbial phrases, Hakha Chin does employ spatial terms to talk about time. Specifically, the body terms hnu (literally ‘back) and hmai (literally ‘face’) are used to mean ‘last’ (as in ‘last week’) and ‘next’ (as in ‘next week’), respectively. Formation of a temporal adverbial phrase requires such a body term (hnu or hmai), which orients to either the future or past, and a term to indicate the temporal period (e.g. week, year).
Validation of the Arabic version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale in Tunisian adolescents
Authors: Ghali Hela , Ghammem Rim , Zammit Nawel , Fredj Sihem Ben , Ammari Faten , Maatoug Jihene , Ghannem Hassen
Published: September 2019

Background

Facebook is by far the most popular social network. Thus, it is important to use a valid measuring tool. This study aimed to validate an Arabic version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS).

Methods

It was a cross-sectional study conducted among public secondary schools, within the city of Sousse, Eastern Tunisia over 2 months. Students completed self-administrated questionnaires. The revised test-retest version of the scale was given to a sample of ten pilot students in order to check the readability of the translation. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in order to assess the extent to which the BFAS items were interrelated.

Results

A total of 1399 participants took part in the study (60.5% females). Among 1353 students who are using Facebook, 71.8% had non-problematic use. The median score of addiction was 13 ranging from 6 to 30. The median time spent each day on Facebook was 3 h. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.87. Students with higher Facebook addiction scores were significantly more addicted to video games (p = 0.001), and more depressed (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The Arabic-BFAS is consistent as a screening test for Facebook addiction among secondary school students due to having good reliability and validity.
PIV Measurement and CFD Simulation of Liquid-Liquid Mixing in Mixer Settler with Rigid-Flexible Impeller
Authors: Gu Deyin , Liu Zuohua , Xu Chuanlin , Tao Changyuan , Wang Yundong
Published: September 2019

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the flow field in the mixing chamber of a mixer settler. An Eulerian-Eulerian approach, standard k-ε turbulence model, and multiple reference frames (MRF) technique were employed to simulate liquid-liquid two-phase flow, turbulent flow, and impeller rotation in the mixer settler, respectively. The effects of impeller type, impeller clearance and baffle configuration on the flow field were analyzed. Results showed that rigid-flexible impeller can spread the impeller energy more uniformly in the mixing chamber and increase the velocity of the continuous phase through the multi-body motion of flexible sheet compared with rigid impeller. The flow numbers of RF-RT, RF-PBT and RF-CBT systems were increased by 46 %, 54 % and 43 %, respectively, compared with RT, PBT and CBT systems. Meanwhile, the suction capacity of impeller was enhanced with a decreased impeller clearance, and the backflow was eliminated by the installation of baffles.
Numerical Modeling of Air Flow in a Cabinet Dryer Equipped by Deflector Plates
Authors: Roustapour Omid Reza , Gazor Hamid Reza , Farzin Kazemi
Published: September 2019

In this study, air deflector plates were used in order to increase the air elapsed time in the chamber. The air flow pattern was simulated using computational fluid dynamics. The geometry of the chamber was produced in 2D and meshed by triangular and quadrilateral elements, boundary conditions were defined and the governing equations solved. Modeling of flow without any deflectors depicted the air flowed to the chamber conducted to the outlet without any distortion. Air vortices were generated when the deflectors defined in model. To evaluate the influence of deflectors on drying period, constructed plates installed in the dryer chamber and melon slices were dried when deflectors used or not. Simulation results showed magnitude of the air velocity was increased and temperature uniform distribution developed on the surface of trays. The outlet temperature was also decreased up to 10 % and drying time reduced to 22 % when the deflectors were employed.
Über die Siedlungsfähigkeit von Polyploiden
Authors: Tischler Georg
Published: September 2019

Die Zahl der polyploiden Angiospermen nimmt in Europa von Süd nach Nord stark zu. Während auf den Kykladen nur gegen 34% gezählt werden, sind es in Schleswig-Holstein schon gegen 50%, in Island gegen 65% und in Spitzbergen gegen 77%. Ein Naturexperiment im großen zeigt die Besiedlung der 1854 aus der Nordsee aufgestiegenen Insel Trischen. Hier hat sich auf den Dünen und den öfters von Salzwasser überfluteten Marschwiesen eine hauptsächlich polyploide Flora eingebürgert; dagegen überwiegen auf den Äckern, die jährlich von Seiten des Menschen in ihrer Zusammensetzung kontrolliert werden, die Diploiden. Experimentelle Erfahrungen zeigen, daß auf frisch umgebrochenen Böden im Laufe weniger Jahre bei dem scharfen Konkurrenzkampf der Arten die polyploiden entschieden im Vorteil sind
Theorie des Sperrschicht-Photoeffekts
Authors: Lehovec Kurt
Published: September 2019

Es wird eine Theorie des Sperrschicht-Photoeffekts gegeben, die sich auf die folgenden Annahmen stützt:

1.Der Halbleiter ist ein Störstellen-Halbleiter.

2.Durch die Übertrittsarbeit Metall/Halbleiter ist eine bestimmte Konzentration der Elektronen und Defektelektronen im Halbleiter an der Metallgrenze festgelegt, die sich bei Belichtung nicht ändert.

3.Durch Lichtabsorption werden im Grundgitter Paare von Elektronen und Defektelektronen ausgelöst.

Es werden Differentialgleichungen aufgestellt, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Photo- Ström und -Spannung, Beleuchtungsstärke, Lichtfrequenz und den Eigenschaften von Halbleiter und Elektrode enthalten. Bei Defekthalbleitern, wie z. B. Selen und Kupferoxydul, Hießen die durch Lichteinstrahlung in der Sperrschicht ausgelösten Elektronen stets zur Elektrode, und die Defektelektronen im Fall der Leerlaufspannung ebenfalls zur Elektrode, im Fall des Kurzschlußstroms in den Halbleiter. Praktisch ausschließliche Überschußhalbleitung oder praktisch ausschließliche Defekthalbleitung und Bildung von Elektronen und Defektelektronen durch Lichtabsorption sind notwendige Bedingungen für einen nennenswerten Sperrschicht-Photoeffekt.
Eine Beziehung zwischen Energie und Reichweite für. Beta-Strahlen kleiner und mittlerer Energie
Authors: Flammersfeld Arnold
Published: September 2019

Von Elektronen kleiner und mittlerer Energie, die von einigen isomeren Atomarten und ß-Strahlern. herrührten, wurden die maximalen Reichweiten gemessen. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich zusammen mit den genauesten Werten der Reichweiten von Elektronen großer Energie durch eine Formel E = 1,92 √ R2 + 0,22 R darstellen, die sowohl das quadratische wie das lineare Gebiet enthält und den ganzen Bereich von 0 bis 3 MeV gleichmäßig gut wiedergibt.
Ein 300-kV-Bandgenerator mit übernormaler Ladungsdichte
Authors: Becker Erwin Willy
Published: September 2019

Es wird ein 300 kV van-de-Graaff-Generator Kossel-Heise'scher Bauart beschrieben, der in Luft von Atmosphärendruck mit einer Beladungsdichte von 18 el.st. cgs-Einheiten/cm2 arbeitet.
Feldmechanische Begründung der Diracschen Wellengleichung
Authors: Bopp Fritz
Published: September 2019

Wenn man die Trägheitskraft des Elektrons aus einer verallgemeinerten linearen Elektrodynamik ableitet und dabei in der Entwicklung nach der Retardierung einen Schritt weiter geht als Lorentz, so erhält man eine Bewegungsgleichung, auf die m. W. Hönl und Papapetrou erstmalig hingewiesen haben. Darin wird zwischen dem Makro- impuls des Ieilchens und seiner Mikrogeschwindigkeit unterschieden. Infolge von Emissions-Reabsorptionsprozessen verschiebt sich ständig der Energiemittelpunkt gegenüber dem Ladungsmittelpunkt, was zu einer Zitterbewegung führt, die ein spin- artiges Zusatzmoment ergibt. Im folgenden wird gezeigt, daß dieses Zusatzmoment bei wohldefinierter Modifikation der Maxwellschen Gleichungen mit dem Elektronenspin identisch ist. Die Quantisierung der Bewegungsgleiehung liefert in diesem Falle eine Viellengleichung, deren Lösungen auch die der Diracschen Wellengleichung enthalten. Die Diracsche Wellengleichung hängt also eng mit der Elektronenstruktur zusammen.
Zur Frage des Lichtweges bei Totalreflexion
Authors: Wolter Hans
Published: September 2019

Die Auffassung, das Licht mache bei Totalreflexion einen Umweg durch das dünnere Medium, ist dahin abzuwandeln, daß an der einen Seite ein Teil der einfallenden Welle zum Aufbau der begleitenden inhomogenen Welle des dünneren Mediums benötigt, der ausfallenden Welle entzogen und dieser erst am anderen Rande des ausfallenden Strahles wieder zugefügt wird. Bei der Totalreflexion solcher Wellen, die durch Intensitätsminima gekennzeichnet sind, treten zirkulierende Wellen auf, d. h. es gibt Gebiete, in denen der zeitgemittelte Energiestrom in geschlossenen Stromlinien umläuft.
Geiger-Zählrohre mit Xenon-Sauerstoff-Füllung
Authors: Riedel Oswald
Published: September 2019

Bei einer Entladung in sauerstoffhaltigem Xenon entsteht, wie seit einigen Jahren bekannt ist, ein grünes Bandenspektrum; die Vermutungen über seine Entstehung legen im Hinblick auf den Selbstlöschungsmechanismus nahe, mit Xe-O2-Gemischen Zählrohre zu füllen. Derartige Rohre zeigen Selbstlöschung, große Konstanz und Haltbarkeit
Über die Möglichkeit von Spinmodellen
Authors: Bopp Fritz , Haag Rudolf
Published: September 2019

Es wird gezeigt, daß sich die Zustände des Spins in völliger Analogie zu denen anderer quantenmechanischer Größen durch stetige Eigenfunktionen gewisser Differentialoperatoren beschreiben lassen. Während die Kugelfunktionen mit halbzahligem Index hierfür bekanntlich wegen ihrer Transformationseigenschaften nicht in Frage kommen, besitzt bereits der Schrödingersche Drehimpulsoperator des Zweikörperproblems (echte) Eigenfunktionen zu halbzahli-gen Eigenwerten. Das Modell von Goudsmit-Uhlenbeck und das feldmechanische Modell des Spins werden unter diesem neuen Gesichtspunkt diskutiert.
Der Isotopie-Effekt der elektrolytischen Kationen-Wanderung in Halogeniden
Authors: Klemm Alfred
Published: September 2019

Die bisher gefundenen Masseneffekte der Kationen-Wanderung in Halogeniden lassen sich überschlagsmäßig durch die Gleichung

darstellen. Dabei ist m- die Masse des Halogenatoms und m+ die Masse des Metallatoms.
Über Energien von Drahtexplosionsstoßwellen / Energies of Shock Waves Produced bv Wire Explosions
Authors: Jäger H. , Schöfer R.
Published: September 2019

For shock waves produced by special wire explosions the short time energy input condition of the theories of Lin, Sakurai and Vlases-Jones is fairly good fulfilled. In these cases the shock wave energies can be easily determined from the expansion velocity of the waves. Variation of the parameters of the discharge circuit show, how these parameters should be chosen in order to get a maximum transfer of energy either to the shock waves or to the wire material.
Zur Messung schwerer Ionen mit Festkörperdetektoren aus Glas / Measurement of Heavy Ions Using Solid State Glass Detectors
Authors: Siegert G. , Fiedler G. , Aschenbach J.
Published: September 2019

A simple model for track formation in solide state nuclear track detectors is proposed. According to this model the area of an etch pit is proportional to the etching time and to the square root of the energy of the impinging particle. This conclusion is in agreement with experimental results.
Molecular Vibrations of Aluminum Trichloride Monomer with Application of the Keating Bendings
Authors: Mogstad T. , Cyvin S. J. , Cyvin B. N. , Brunvoll J. , Fleming G. Díaz
Published: September 2019

The vibrational spectra and previous normal coordinate analyses of AICI3 are reviewed. The valence force field (VFF), central force field (CFF) and Keating force field (KFF) are tested. KFF is found to be the best one of these approximations with regard to the agreement with an observed isotopic frequency. A final force field is taken from a very recent work. It confirms that KFF is superior to both CFF and KFF. The data of a Coriolis constant, mean amplitudes of vibration and the Bastiansen-Morino shrinkage effect are calculated and discussed.
Molecular Vibrations of Gallium Trichloride Monomer with Application of the Keating Bending
Authors: Cyvin B. N. , Cyvin S. J. , Diaz G. , Mogstad T. , Rytter E.
Published: September 2019

The vibrational spectra and previous normal coordinate analyses of GaCl3 are reviewed. The valence force field (VFF), Keating force field (KFF) and central force field (CFF) are investigated, taking into account isotopic frequency shifts and the mass influence on Coriolis constants. It seems that KFF is an appropriate force field approximation. In its definition a new type of internal coordinates, the Keating's bending, is invoked. A final force Field is tentatively determined and used to calculate the mean amplitudes of vibration.
Schwingungsspektrum und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von (AlPS4)n-Polymerketten
Authors: Wibbelmann C. , Cyvin B. N. , Cyvin S. J.
Published: September 2019

Vibrational Spectrum and Normal Coordinate Analysis of AIPS4 tetrahedral Chains

AIPS4 forms edge-sharing tetrahedral chains which are isosteric to SiS2. The Raman and IR spectra have been recorded and assigned on the basis of the D2d symmetry of the free molecule. Splittings of several bands due to the lower site-symmetry in the crystal lattice are treated subsequently using a correlation diagram. The frequencies of internal vibrations have been calculated using a simple model consisting of a chain fragments of various lengths.
Determination and Analysis of the Physical Properties of a New Class of Polar Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Schad Hp. , Kelly S. M.
Published: September 2019

We have measured the physical properties of three homologues of a new class of polar nematic liquid crystals having no molecular association. On the basis of mean field and continuum theories an analysis of the physical properties has been performed. The advantageous application of this class of compounds (substituted aromatic ketones) in liquid crystal displays - especially in the highly multiplexed twisted nematic display - is outlined and an example of a simple practical mixture is given.
Notizen: The Temperature Coefficient of the Resistance of Ultra-Thin Metal Films from Computer Simulations
Authors: Finzel H.-U. , Wißmann P.
Published: September 2019

The thickness dependence of the absolute temperature coefficient of the resistance of ultra-thin metal films is calculated with the help of Monte-Carlo calculations already successfully applied to the simulation of the electrical resistance. An initially strong increase and then a weaker decrease of the ATCR with increasing thickness is found.
Proton NMR Study of Molecular Dynamics in Hydrazinium Perchlorate
Authors: Ganesan K. , Damle R. , Ramakrishna J.
Published: September 2019

The proton spin-lattice relaxation time T1 (at 5.4, 10 and 15 MHz) and second moment M2 (at 9.8 MHz) have been measured in hydrazinium Perchlorate (N2H5ClO4). The temperature dependence of T, shows two minima. The low temperature T, minimum has been explained in terms of NH3 reorientation about the N-N axis while the high temperature minimum is attributed to the exchange of protons within the NH2 group (180° flip about the H - N - H bisectrix). The activation energies for NH3 and NH: motions are found to be 20.5 kJ mol-1 and 39.8 kJ mol-1 , respectively. The second moment variation with temperature shows two transitions around 120 K and 210 K and has been discussed in terms of NH3/NH2 motions.
Is the Modernization Process Becoming a Challenge or a Threat to the Security Policy and the Armed Forces?
Authors:   University of Szczecin (Poland), Piątek Jarosław
Published: September 2019

In spite of defining the role of various measures of security policy implementation the weight of one has been quite unequivocally assessed for the current policy. The main position for contemporary Poland is to be taken by the armed forces. Under these conditions, the Polish Army has become a basic element of the defense system of Poland not only in terms of image. It is not surprising then that currently the armed forces have received a wide range of tasks regarding security – both internal and external. President Duda and the government of Law and Justice proudly show the 2 percent of GDP spent on defense and an even higher target, at the latest in 2030. However, this does not create a perspective that would allow “hurray” optimism. The key to describing the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland seems to be their ability to respond to the revolution in the field of military and the ability to modernize. Despite the plans of the Ministry of National Defense and declarations given in media, this process faces a number of difficulties. Not only do we create “abstract” visions of needs for the current policy, but we also offend our partners and those that are still our allies. The arms policy, so important from the point of view of this “self-sufficiency”, was brought to the accusations of lobbying, corruption, and fraud; not only do we not pay attention to our own needs, but we also create innovative concepts for the current policy that cause us to wander in dilettantism. It seems that the shape of the implementation of the modernization of the Armed Forces is affected not only by the current policy. To a large extent, the condition of the Polish arms industry is also a decisive factor in the absorption of modernization.
About Women in Conflicts and Wars: Theories of Violence and Collective Memory
Authors:   University of Łódź (Poland), B. Kuźma Inga , Pietrzak Edyta ,   Łódź University of Technology (Poland)
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the subject of relations between theories of violence and the category of collective memory in relation to women’s war stories. The text introduces the issue of war and conflict, understanding the theory of violence, the category of collective memory and female war narratives, as well as the ways of their political interpretation. The interpretation is crucial because of method used in the research, meaning hermeneutics, but also because of the, presented here, perspective of polyphony.