bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Older people’s perceptions and experiences of older people with the Sit-to-stand activity: An ethnographic pre-feasibility study
Authors: Wisnesky Uirá Duarte , Olson Joanne , Paul Pauline , Dahlke Sherry
Published: February 2023

Abstract Objective: the purpose of this pre-feasibility study was to examine perceptions and experiences of a Sit-to-stand activity with urban Brazilian community-dwelling older people in their homes. Method: the exploration method was focused ethnography. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 20 older people. Five means of data generation were used, namely: socio-demographic surveys, participant observations, informal interviews, formal semi-structured interviews, and field notes. Data analysis was qualitative content analysis. Results: the experience of mobility-challenged older people with the Sit-to-stand activity was dependent on their mobility expectations involving many factors that worked together to influence their beliefs and attitudes towards the activity, preferences, behaviors, and cultural perceptions. The participants of this study seemed to find the activity enjoyable; however, the most noticeable shortcomings for their engagement in the Sit-to-stand activity emerged as gaps in their personal and intrapersonal needs. Conclusion: the recommendations generated from the study findings call for the design of implementation strategies for the Sit-to-stand intervention that are tailored to this particular population’s needs.
Molecular mechanism of antimicrobial co-resistance Colistin (mcr-1) and ESBLs genes among Escherichia coli isolates from commercial chickens in Pakistan
Authors: Madni W. A. , Mohsin M. , Nawaz Z. , Muzammil S. , Zahoor M. A. , Asif R.
Published: February 2023

Abstract Emergence of plasmid mediated colistin and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) resistant genes has been impacted the efficacy of colistin and β-lactams drugs like 3rd, 4th generation cephalosporin. Current study was aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among Escherichia coli isolates from meat producing commercial broilers in Pakistan. Two hundred (n=200) fecal samples were collected during January-2018 to August-2019. For isolation of E. coli, pink colonies on MacConkey agar were transferred to EMB agar. Metallic sheen color colonies were tested biochemically using API-20E kit. The molecular identification of E. coli (n=153) was targeted by amplification of uid gene through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and different ARGs i.e. gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, colistin, β-lactams drugs, quinolone and ampicillin followed by sequence analysis. Genotypically, followed by phenotypically of resistant ARGs of isolated PCR-confirmed E. coli (153) shoed resistant against gentamicin (aac(3)-IV), streptomycin (aadA1), tetracycline (tetA), colistine (mcr-1), ampicillin (bla-TEM) and bla-CTX-M were 86%, 88%, 86%, 88%, 83% & 77% respectively. 33/38 (86%) of the isolate was positive for quinolone resistance. Colistine (mcr-1), ESBLs (bla-TEM) and (bla-CTX-M) resistance genes were 88%, 83% and 77% respectively. About 33 isolated E. coli harbored the both mcr-1 and ESBLs genes. All of E. coli isolates were found sensitive to ceftriaxone (CTX-30) and imipenem (IMP-10). The Isolated E. coli showed single or multi clade decadency. The E. coli and ARGs sequences showed single or multi clade decadency. This is first comprehensive study from Pakistan that described the molecular evidences of ARGs and their co-existence in single isolates originated from commercial poultry. Commercial chicken (Broilers) can act as melting pot of antibiotic resistance genes for human being. It is alarming situation for surveillance of antibiotic resistance program because of more regulated prescription of antimicrobial agents in Pakistan
OLIMPÍADA BRASILEIRA DE BIOLOGIA: O "X" DA QUESTÃO
Authors: Gomes Thaysa Tomáz de Aquino , D'Andrea Rosiclea Maria Santos , Machado-Filho Hermes
Published: January 2023

Há onze anos a Olimpíada Brasileira de Biologia (BBO) é realizada como forma de motivar o espírito competitivo e estimular o conhecimento pelas ciências biológicas para alunos do ensino médio. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar os resultados das compilações das provas da primeira e segunda fase da seleção do BBO, a fim de verificar quais temas têm sido mais observados, como têm sido fortes esses testes do BBO e quais têm sido as mais tendências importantes que podem colaborar com as atividades escolares dos professores para preparar seus alunos nesta competição. Como resultados podemos observar que as disciplinas envolvendo Ecologia, Bioquímica, Corpo Humano e Botânica têm sido as mais solicitadas nestas provas.Essa constatação mostra o quanto essas áreas têm sido importantes para o planejamento da prática docente em relação à Biologia disciplinar. Questões contextualizadas também foram destacadas como recorrentes, apontadas para uma elaboração de conteúdos mais ligados à realidade do aluno. Percebeu-se que as principais tendências dos testes BBO têm obedecido preferencialmente a alguns eixos dentro da Biologia, e a contextualização tem sido uma abordagem importante para a apresentação dos conteúdos.
Sucralfate Prevents Pin Site Infections of External Fixators in Open Tibia Fractures
Authors: Drakou Androniki , Sioutis Spyridon , Zafeiris Ioannis , Soucacos Fotini , Karampikas Vasileios , Tsatsaragkou Aikaterini , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Koulalis Dimitrios
Published: January 2023

Pin site infections are the main complication of external fixators. The most common pathogens are Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. The incidence of pin site infections ranges from 2% to 30%. Until now, no satisfactory prevention strategy exists. Therefore, we performed this study to assess the effect of a sucralfate gel 25% applied around the pins of external fixation systems in trauma patients with open tibia fractures. We prospectively studied two groups of patients with open tibia fractures treated with external fixators. In group A patients, pin site care was performed with the use of normal saline and plain dressings once a day. In group B patients, pin site care was performed with the use of sucralfate gel 25%. The incidence of pin site infections was 33.33% for patients of group A and 16.67% for patients of group B. Patients of group B showed significantly lower rate of pin site infections compared to patients of group A (p-value = 0.032). No patient experienced any complications related to the local application of the drug. Sucralfate significantly prevents pin site infections of external fixators in open tibia fractures. Therefore, it can be used as a preventive antimicrobial agent for pin site infections in patients with external fixators.
Association between Gingival Biotype and Crestal Bone Loss in Implants Placed in Anterior Maxilla
Authors: Akshaya K. , Rajasekar Arvina
Published: January 2023

Background: When bone loss occurs around an implant, it can cause esthetic compromise, which might affect the tissue level design. Thus, bone level design implants are usually preferred if a natural emergence profile is important. The gingival biotype had been identified as a significant factor in the stability of crestal bone.

Aim: The aim of the current study is to analyze the gingival biotype and crestal bone in implants placed in anterior maxilla.

Materials and Methods:  retrospective study was conducted using the case records of patients in University Hospital. Data on the gingival biotype and crestal bone loss in implants placed in anterior maxilla were collected (sample size = 96 patients) and analyzed for association with age and gender by descriptive statistics and chi-square association.

Results: In thick gingival biotype 59.3% of the cases showed no crestal bone loss and 5.2% of the patients showed only 1 mm of bone loss, but in case of thin gingival biotype, 16.6% of patients had 1 mm of bone loss, 5.2% of them has 2 mm of bone loss, and 1% of them had bone loss of 3 mm and above, with a significant p value of 0.02 (less than 0.05) showing a strong association between gingival biotype and crestal bone loss around implants.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that there exists a significant association between gingival biotype and crestal bone loss around implants placed in anterior maxilla.
Clinical Significance of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19 Infection
Authors: DURAK Muhammed Bahaddin , ERDOĞAN Çağdaş , GÜVEN İbrahim Ethem , YÜKSEL İlhami
Published: January 2023

Objective: To determine the clinical significance of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in mild hospitalized patients with Covid-19 infection. Material and Methods: This study included adult patients who were hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 infection. The demographical features, symptoms, clinical presentations, medical history, medications and clinical progress and outcomes were noted using data collection form by the clinicians. The effect of GI symptoms on clinical outcomes in patients with mild Covid-19 infection was statistically evaluated. Results: 307 patients were included to the study. 159 of patients (51.7%) had an at least one GI symptoms, 18.2% of those presented only GI symptoms while 21.2% only non-GI symptoms. 27% were asymptomatic at admission. The most common GI symptom was loss of appetite that presenting 16.9% patients. The second and third most common GI symptoms were diarrhea in 15% patients, nausea and loss of taste in 14% patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in laboratory parameters between GI and non-GI symptoms groups. When age, gender, smoking status, and comorbidities of patients with GI and non-GI symptoms groups were compared, there was no difference in mean age, gender, smokers, and comorbidities. In addition, the length of hospital stay (p=0.377), complete healing (p=0.372) and mortality (p=0.351) was similar in patients with GI and non-GI symptoms groups respectively. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of Covid-19 infection presenting with GI symptoms can help prevent infection spread. The majority of these symptoms were mild, and their presence was not associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of transobturator tape operation in the treatment of stress incontinence
Authors: BUHUR Ali , ÖNCÜ Necdet
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background/Aims:: In this study, In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of Transobturator Tape Operation in the treatment of Stress İncontinence

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 454 patients who had TOT operations due to stress urinary incontinence between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2020, at the İstanbul Kanuni Traning and Research Hospital. The basic clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded. The number of daily peds, values of Q-type test and urinary retention, and scores of urogenital disorder inventory-6 and impact of incontinence inquiry form at the clinical evaluation perioperatively and 6 months after the operation. Data analysis of the study was done with the SPSS version 24.0 package program. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normality analysis. Wilcoxon test was used for the comparisons of preop and postop data. It was considered statistically significant when the P value was below 0.05

Results: The study was conducted on 454 patients aged 26-83 years with a mean age of 50.3±10 years. The overall complication rate was 15.9. The rate of those who recovered six months after the operation was 89.6%. The number of daily peds, values of Q-tip test and urinary retention, and scores of questionnaires were significantly reduced after surgery (p=0.001).

Conclusions: The TOT operation can be preferred in treating stress incontinence with acceptable success and outcome. The scales of questionnaires successfully determine patient satisfaction with surgical efficacy for SUI.
Attitudes of preschool children and their families towards face mask during the COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: ÇATAKLI Tülin , ULUSOY Ezgi , YÜCEL Hüsniye , BOSTANCI İlknur
Published: January 2023

Aim: The use of face masks, compliance with hygiene and distance rules were among the leading measures during pandemic. But some authorities didn’t recommend face masks to preschool children. In this study we aimed to evaluate the attitudes of preschool children and their families towards face masks.

Materials and Methods: We performed a survey between February-March 2022 to 189 volunteer participants who have preschool children,in pediatric health and diseases outpatient clinics in two different centers. Survey was consisted of 40 questions and 4 parts: 1. Demographic characteristics 2. Covid 19 3. Use of face masks 4.Compliance with hygiene and distance rules

Results: Fifty three percent of the children used face mask. It was observed that the presence of a family member obsessed with cleaning caused a statistically higher increase in the number of handwashing in children(p:0,019). Mothers who were university graduates taught the children more distance rules(p.0.014), the number of handwashing increased in their children (:0.001) and the rate of using face masks was higher (p:0.036). Having a family member who have had Covid 19 was inversely proportional to the use of face masks in children (p:0.001) and correct use (p:0.033). It was observed that the rate of wearing masks was higher in children who used glasses (92%, p:0.006).

Discussion: Half of the preschool children used face masks regularly. Covid 19 rate was higher in the families whose children didn’t use face masks in community. Face masks can be recommended to preschool children who can use it, during the pandemic.
Evaluation of Special Needs Reports for Children
Authors: ÖZ Erdoğan , PARLAK Mehmet Emin
Published: January 2023

Aim: This study aims to evaluate of the reports of children who applied to the Medical Board for special needs reports regarding gender, age, diagnosis, and special needs area.

Material and Method: The special needs reports of 269 children aged 0-18, who applied to Adıyaman Kahta State Hospital Medical board between January 1 and December 31, 2022, were analyzed retrospectively, together with their sociodemographic characteristics.

Results: The mean age of the cases was 7.4±4.9 years, of which 109 (40.5%) were female, and 59.5% were male. When the areas of the reports were examined, the highest rate was the cognitive area, with 42.4%. When the suggested special needs were examined, 43.9% stated the need for rehabilitation/early intervention to support cognitive functions. The highest level of special needs in both girls and boys was the presence of special conditions needs. There was no significant difference between the genders regarding the level of special needs. However, the rate of child and adolescent psychiatry area in boys (22.5%) was found to be significantly higher than the rate of girls (12.8%) (p=0.046). There was no significant difference between genders in other areas (p>0.05)

Conclusion: Special needs reports provide financial, social, and exceptional education support to the needs of children and families. For this reason, medical boards must be organized to make the fastest and most objective decisions. Examination of the reports as a whole guides health professionals for quality service, social scientists, and lawmakers for permanent solutions.
Incidences of Terminal Zones of Myelination: An Evaluation of Patients aged 3–30 Years
Authors: SEBER Turgut , UYLAR SEBER Tuğba
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aim: Studies on terminal zones of myelination (TZM) generally focus on the infant to early childhood periods. Information concerning the incidence and localization in adulthood is rare and controversial. To determine the localization and frequency TZM in patients aged 3–30 years using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material and Method: Images of 560 patients aged 3-30 years, whose cranial MRIs were reported as normal, were re-evaluated by two radiologists using a double-blind, retrospective method. Five different white matter (WM) regions (parietal peritrigonal WM; frontal, temporal, parietal, and insular subcortical WM) were reviewed for TZM. Turbo spin echo T2- and T1-weighted imaging and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences were used.

Results: The incidences of TZM in all age groups were 28.7% in the insula, 14.6% in the temporal lobes, and 5.2% in the peritrigonal region. TZM were localized most commonly in the insula, followed by the temporal poles. The presence of peritrigonal TZM after 5 years of age was very rare (2.6%). Interobserver agreement was significant for all regions (Kappa value < 0.05).

Conclusion: We detected TZM most often in the insular subcortical WM. It should be noted that insular and temporal TZM can be observed quite frequently (13.8% and 9.8%, respectively), even in third decade.
Comparison of oropharyngeal leak pressure of I-gelTM and BlockbusterTM laryngeal mask airway in anaesthetized pediatric patients
Authors: Selvin Caren Candace , Singariya Geeta , Bihani Pooja , Kamal Manoj , Paliwal Naveen , Ujwal Shobha
Published: January 2023

Background: Supraglottic airways (SGA) are increasing used in pediatric anesthesia. Among SGA i-gelTM is commonly used device in pediatric patients. The BlockbusterTM laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is latest addition in pediatric airway armamentarium. This study was conducted to compare the clinical performance of i-gelTM and BlockbusterTM LMA in pediatric patients. Methods: A total of 140 children aged 1–5 years, who were undergoing elective surgery, were randomized into two groups either i-gelTM (Group I) or BlockbusterTM LMA (Group B). Airway was secured with appropriate-sized LMA according to group allocation under general anesthesia. The primary objective of study was oropharyngeal leak pressures (OPLP), and secondary objectives were number of attempts of device insertion, success rate, ease of LMA insertion, hemodynamic parameters, and postoperative pharyngolaryngeal morbidities. Results: The mean OPLP was significantly higher for i-gelTM compared to BlockbusterTM LMA (27.97 ± 1.65 vs. 26.04 ± 2.12; P < 0.000). The devices were successfully inserted on the first attempt in 97.14% and 90% of the i-gelTM group and BlockbusterTM LMA groups respectively. The insertion time, ease of insertion, hemodynamic parameters and postoperative complications were comparable between groups. Conclusions: The i-gelTM was more efficacious device in term of OPLP than BlockbusterTM LMA for positive pressure ventilation in pediatric patients undergoing short surgical procedures under general anesthesia.
Nutritional and biomass evaluation of a Megathyrsus maximus collection in a dry tropical climate in Colombia
Authors: Carvajal-Tapia Juliana Isabel , Barahona-Rosales Rolando , Castro-Montoya Joaquín , Arango Jacobo , Vivas-Quila Nelson José
Published: February 2023

Agronomic and nutritional parameters of a set of 28 accessions of Megathyrsus maximus established in Colombia during the rainy season were evaluated to identify accessions with differences in nutritional quality and characterize germplasm of M. maximus. ANOVA and multivariate analysis showed differences among accessions. Agronomic variables such as plant height, dry matter yield and green fresh weight were not correlated with nutritional variables. Flowering affected nutritional quality (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and relative feed value). Flowering, fiber content, digestibility and crude protein content had the most influence on forage quality of M. maximus. The integral evaluation of biomass and nutritional parameters showed that the set of 28 M. maximus accessions contained 2 accessions with high nutritional quality and competitive biomass production. Heterogeneity of the collection in nutritional and agronomic assessments supports plant-breeding and offers alternatives for cattle producers in the tropics.
Effect of irrigation on biomass production and components of dallis grass (Paspalum dilatatum) and Bahia grass (P. notatum) in Uruguay
Authors: Casalás Felipe , Speranza Pablo , Cadenazzi Mónica , Zanoniani Ramiro , Giménez Luis , Boggiano Pablo
Published: February 2023

Use of irrigation in forage production systems based on perennial C4 grasses has been limited because of inconsistent responses of biomass production to water. The effects of three different levels of irrigation on growth of Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) and P. dilatatum (dallis grass) over two consecutive growing seasons were studied. The phenological state of the plants was inferred by the proportion of lamina and non-lamina components. While irrigation failed to increase annual dry matter yield of forage, phenological composition of forage was affected by irrigation with both species showing changes in distribution of dry matter accumulation among different above-ground plant parts. Future research on these species should study the effects of moisture deficit on phenology to better understand the effects of irrigation.
Estrategias pedagógicas colaborativas en las prácticas escolares en educación básica
Authors: Echeverry Arcila Claudia Patricia , Quintero Vergara Helmer , Gutiérrez Giraldo Martha Cecilia
Published: January 2023

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación desarrollada en dos instituciones de educación básica. En esta se buscó identificar estrategias pedagógicas relacionadas con procesos de razonamiento para el desarrollo del pensamiento reflexivo en prácticas escolares en educación básica. La metodología utilizada fue el estudio de caso, para evidenciar y comprender la realidad, para lo cual se recopilaron multiplicidad de evidencias a través de diversas técnicas e instrumentos para dar validez y confiabilidad a los resultados obtenidos. Uno de los resultados más sobresalientes es el diálogo y la interacción predominante en los intercambios que ocurren en las estrategias pedagógicas de construcción colaborativa entre los estudiantes y el docente logrando procesos de reflexión, razonamiento, argumentación, conceptualización o aclaración de conceptos, comentarios o aportes, los cuales son característicos del pensamiento reflexivo.
Direct powers of algebraic structures and equations
Authors:   Sobolev Institute of Mathematics SB RAS, Shevlyakov Artyom N. ,   Dostoevsky Omsk State University
Published: February 2023

We study systems of equations over graphs, posets and matroids. We give the criteria when a direct power of such algebraic structures is equationally Noetherian. Moreover, we prove that any direct power of any finite algebraic structure is weakly equationally Noetherian.
Search for differences for Alzette S-Box with maximum or close to maximum differential characteristic probability
Authors:   Academy of Cryptography of the Russian Federation, Dmukh Andrey A. , Pasko Dmitriy O. ,   Academy of Cryptography of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2023

A “difference meeting in the middle” approach is proposed for constructing consistent systems of local difference relations for the Alzette substitution, which makes it possible to obtain systems with maximum or close to maximum difference characteristics. Using this approach, the results on the estimation of the difference characteristics of the Alzette substitution, obtained by the developers of the substitution, are extended, while at the same time with less laboriousness.
Examining the Relationship Between Communication and Information Sharing and Organisational Ambidexterity: A Study on Nurses in TRC1 Region
Authors: KIRPIK Gülşen , ÇETİN Yasin
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to determine the relationship between communication and knowledge-sharing levels and organisational ambidexterity levels of nurses working in university hospitals in the TRC1 (Gaziantep, Adıyaman, Kilis) Region of Turkey. Through simple random sampling, 318 nurses working in university hospitals in the TRC1 Region were reached. As a result of the analysis, a positive linear and significant relationship was determined between communication and information sharing and organisational ambidexterity. In addition, it is a remarkable result of this study that the communication, knowledge sharing, and organisational ambidexterity levels of the Y-generation nurses are at the lowest level compared to the other generation nurses.
Determinants of Credit Risk in the Turkish Banking Sector: Does Ownership Matter?
Authors: YAĞLI İbrahim , TOPCU Mert
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the internal and external factors affecting credit risk in the Turkish banking sector from 2003-2018. Unlike previous literature, we employ the Augmented Mean Group estimator with allowance for heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence to analyse the effect of external factors within a dynamic framework. Findings indicate that internal and external factors affect credit risk, and the impact of these factors varies dramatically across ownership structures. These results suggest that one regulation does not fit all to overhaul credit risk management in the Turkish banking sector.
The Bank Performance Ranking in the Emerging Markets: A Case of Turkey
Authors: AVŞARLIGİL Nuri , DOĞRU Ercüment , CİĞER Ayşegül
Published: January 2023

In this study, the pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic period (2020) financial performances of 13 commercial banks with the highest transaction volume in Turkey were compared using multicriteria decision (Entropy, ARAS, MOORA, and MOOSRA) techniques. The financial performance ranking results obtained by the ARAS method are similar to the BrandFinance brand valuation ranking. In addition, before the pandemic Ziraat Bank, which was a public bank; during the pandemic period, along with Ziraat Bank, Halkbank, which is the other public bank, were found to be among the top 5 banks showing high performance.
Inflation and Cold Progression: An Analysis of Turkish Income Tax between 2006-2021
Authors: ŞEREN Gamze Yıldız , SARAÇ Özgür
Published: January 2023

Inflation causes high taxation -although real income does not increase- because the income tax base targets nominal income. This situation results in taxation as if the ability to pay has increased, although it has not. Compensation for this deflecting effect of inflation in the income tax tariff requires growing the income segments included in the tariff at the rate of inflation regularly experienced yearly. However, the current need for public revenue can cause governments to make regulations in favour of the administration and against taxpayers -almost by creating an undervaluation- while providing this requirement. It is called "cold progression" in the literature. In this study, which draws attention to the distortions caused by inflation in the tax system, the evidence obtained shows the existence of cold progression.
The Asymmetric Impacts of Oil Prices and Selected Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Markets: The Case of Turkey
Authors: AKÇAĞLAYAN Anıl , TUZCU Sevgi Eda
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the asymmetric impacts of crude oil prices and other selected macroeconomic variables on the Turkish stock market for the period between 2005:01-2021:06 through the combination of the NARDL model and the quantile regression approach. The findings support the existence of cointegration between the stock market and oil prices. The variations in oil prices have asymmetric impacts in the long run. A positive shock by 1% decreases stock returns by 0.67%, while oil price declines have no significant impact. Quantile regressions show that the effects of oil price shocks are more visible at the low levels of the stock market.
Kâr Amacı Gütmeyen Sektörün Büyüklüğünü Etkileyen Faktörler: Ampirik Bir Çalışma
Authors: TOSUN Ayşe Nil , YILMAZ Ayfer Ezgi
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı kâr amacı gütmeyen sektör büyüklüğü ile nüfus heterojenliği arasındaki ilişkiyi çok uluslu bir bakış açısıyla ampirik olarak incelemektir. 1995-2019 yılları arasında OECD ye üye 20 ülkedeki kâr amacı gütmeyen sektör kuruluşlarının büyüklüğünü etkileyen ekonomik ve sosyal faktörleri değerlendirmek için havuzlanmış en küçük kareler, sabit etkiler, rastgele etkiler, genelleştirilmiş momentler, tamamen değiştirilmiş en küçük kareler ve dinamik en küçük kareler yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda kişi başına GSYİH’deki artışın ve artan kentleşme oranlarının kâr amacı gütmeyen sektör büyüklüğünü olumlu etkilediği, yaş bağımlılık oranının ise kâr amacı gütmeyen sektör büyüklüğünü etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir.
Döviz Kuru Volatilite Modellemesinde Beta-t-EGARCH Modelleri: Amerikan Doları / Türk Lirası Döviz Kuru Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: BEKAR Engin
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada, farklı risk ölçüm yöntemlerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla Türkiye’de en çok tercih edilen yatırım araçlarından birisi olan ve rezerv para olması yönüyle de önem arz eden ABD Doları incelemeye alınmıştır. Amerikan Doları / Türk Lirası döviz kuruna dayalı olarak 2005 - 2021 dönemine ilişkin getiri verisi ile EGARCH (1,1) ve GJR-GARCH (1,1) modellerinin yanı sıra son yıllarda ortaya koyulan, kur serisinin özelliklerine iyi uyum gösteren ve en önemlisi volatilitede aşırı değerlere ve sıçramalara karşı dirençli olan “Beta-t-EGARCH Modeli ve Çeşitleri” daha doğru kur riski hesaplayabilmek beklentisiyle tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, çalışmanın amacını en iyi karşılayan modelin “İki Bileşenli Beta-Çarpık-t-EGARCH + Kaldıraç” modeli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, Türkiye döviz piyasasında volatilite tahmininde aşırı değerlerin ve sıçramaların etkisine dikkat çekmesi bakımından önem arz etmektedir.
Terörizmin Zamanla Değişen Ekonomik Sonuçları: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: AKTÜRK Ergün , DAŞTAN Muhammet , YALÇINKAYA Ömer
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de terörizmin ekonomik sonuçlarını 1970q1-2020q4 dönemi için incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, terör eylemlerinin ölçülebilen bütün boyutlarına ait verilerin eşit ve etki-ağırlıklı değerleri kullanılarak iki farklı terörizm endeksi oluşturulmaktadır. Çalışmada ayrıca, terörizmin ekonomik büyüme ve bileşenleri üzerindeki etkilerinin farklı zaman dilimlerinde (belirli dönemlerde ve kısa-orta-uzun vadede) değişkenlik gösterebileceği hususu dikkate alınmakta ve zamanla değişen söz konusu etkiler TVP-SVAR modelinden faydalanılarak araştırılmaktadır. Ampirik kanıtlar, terörizmin ekonomik sonuçlarının ortaya çıkmasında zamanın önemli bir faktör olduğunu ve/veya bu sonuçların analiz döneminde önemli ölçüde değiştiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
A Case of Inclusion Body Myositis with Clinical, Pathological and Serological Consideration
Authors: Park Young-Eun , Kang Minsung , Shin Jin-Hong , Kim Dae-Seong
Published: February 2023

Inclusion body myositis is a rare condition of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Prior criteria for the diagnosis of inclusion body myositis essentially required pathological features of rimmed vacuoles, tubulofilamentous inclusions, and amyloid deposits. However, recently developed new diagnostic criteria emphasize clinical characteristics including weakness of finger flexors and knee extensors. In addition, a serological evaluation of anti-cN1A antibody is helpful for the diagnosis. We report a case of inclusion body myositis with clinical, pathological, and serological consideration.
Productividad de los criaderos de Aedes aegypti en barrios de Medellín y Bello, Antioquia-Colombia
Authors: Bolívar Ana Katherine , Álvarez-Castaño Yarledy , Elorza-Vélez Liliana , Rúa-Uribe Guillermo L.
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN
El dengue es la más grave enfermedad viral de transmisión vectorial. Aedes aegypti es el vector más importante para Colombia y ha mostrado una flexibilidad ecológica tal, que le permite adaptarse a diferentes sitios de cría domiciliarios y extradomiciliarios como baldes, pocetas, tanques, huecos en árboles, etec.
OBJETIVO
Estimar la cantidad, positividad y productividad de los depósitos para Ae. aegypti encontrados en diferentes barrios de Medellín y Bello.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
Entre 2008 y 2010 se muestrearon 420 casas en cuatro barrios en busca de depósitos positivos para larvas y pupas de Ae. aeygpti Se cuantificó el número de criaderos, cuántos de estos estaban positivos y el número de pupas por depósito. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo y uno con métodos no paramétricos para determinar la productividad.

RESULTADOS
Se observó diferencia entre los depósitos encontrados en los cuatro barrios. El depósito más abundante en los cuatro barrios fueron las pocetas. No se detectó diferencia significativa entre la productividad de los depósitos de santa Rita y Belén Rincón. Se observó diferencia significativa entre los depósitos de Robledo Aures y entre los de París con p 0,05, siendo más productivos los tanques y las llantas, respectivamente.
CONCLUSIÓN
La cantidad, positividad y productividad de los depósitos en los cuatro barrios tuvo un comportamiento diferente, lo que indica que hay que conocer la dinámica propia de cada sector para poder establecer las estrategias de control vectorial más adecuadas.
Bacterias identificadas en la superficie de Musca domestica y su potencial patógenicidad para el humano
Authors: Estrada Santiago , Ceballos María Teresa , Vanegas Claudia , Yepes Sandra , Estrada Manuel Santiago , Roncancio Gustavo
Published: January 2023

OBJETIVO
Identificar las bacterias que colonizan la superficie de Musca domestica y su potencial patogenicidad para los humanos.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
Estudio descriptivo exploratorio. Material de estudio: Musca domestica. Las moscas fueron atrapadas en diferentes lugares, éstas fueron procesadas con un procedimiento establecido: Inicialmente se introdujo la mosca en el tubo de ensayo seco, hasta que la mosca murió, luego se sumergio en un caldo de BHI, como medio de enriquecimiento, el caldo se incubó y luego se sembró en diferentes agares, donde se obtuvo crecimiento de varios géneros de bacterias, las cuales fueron identificadas, siguiendo el proceso que tiene el laboratorio clínico Congregación Mariana para la identificación de bacterias aeróbias.

RESULTADOS 
Se capturaró un total de 20 moscas, en las que fue posible documentar el crecimiento de diferentes géneros de bacterias, las más frecuentes: Bacillus spp (18,5%), seguido por Estafilococo coagulasa negativo (16,9%), Escherichia spp (11,8%), Pseudomonas spp (11,8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(8,4%), Corynebacterium spp (5,0%) y Providencia spp, Streptococcus spp, Enterobacter cloacae con el (3,3%) de aíslamientos de cada uno, entre otros.

CONCLUSIÓN
En este estudio se logró aislar e identificar varios géneros de bacterias en la flora superficial Musca domestica y se revisó el papel de estas bacterias como agentes causantes de enfermedades en humanos.
Determinación de las especies de Candida que colonizan el tracto respiratorio inferior en pacientes sintomáticos respiratorios
Authors: Ochoa V. Yuliana Andrea , De Bedout Catalina , Arango B. Karen , Restrepo Ángela , González Ángel
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN
La sobrecolonización del tracto respiratorio inferior por levaduras del género Candida se considera una condición necesaria para el desarrollo de la infección candidiásica en pacientes con factores de riesgo.
OBJETIVO
Determinar las diferentes especies de Candida que colonizan el tracto respiratorio inferior en pacientes sintomáticos respiratorios, mediante el estudio del lavado broncoalveolar.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, en el que se analizaron 61 muestras de lavados broncoalveolares (LBA) provenientes de pacientes sintomáticos respiratorios. Las muestras se cultivaron en medios selectivos que incluyeron el CHROMagar candida agar tabaco y agar Sabouraud hipertónico: y se realizó identificación por medio de la técnica de asimilación de azúcares API 20C AUX. Adicionalmente, se determinó la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) para el fluconazol y voriconazol.
RESULTADOS
En 61 pacientes estudiados se observó que 26 de ellos (42.6%) estaban colonizados por una o mas especies de Candida de acuerdo con la siguiente distribución:C. albicans (36.1%.), C. tropicalis (8.2%), C. krusei (3.3%), C. glabrata (3.3%), C. dubliniensis (4.9%), C. lusitaniae (1.6%) y otras especies de Candida (6.6%). Adicionalmente, se anotó que algunos de los pacientes estaban colonizados por más de una especie de Candida. C. krusei y C. glabrata presentaron sensibilidad disminuida o resistencia a los azoles, mientras que C. albicans fue 100% sensible a estos antifúngicos.
CONCLUSIÓN
Los resultados indican que la frecuencia de aislamientos de Candida spp., a partir de lavado broncoalveolar es mayor a lo reportado en otros estudios.
Determinación de la susceptibilidad a la vancomicina en cepas de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente (SaRm) aisladas en un hospital de tercer nivel de complejidad de medellín mediante varias pruebas de sensibilidad antimicrobiana
Authors: Ocampo Ana M. , Echeverri Lina M. , Jiménez J. Natalia
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN La vancomicina ha sido el antibiótico más eficaz contra las infecciones causadas por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM). En Colombia, hasta la fecha, no se han reportado aislamientos con sensibilidad intermedia o resistentes a vancomicina, no obstante se presenta una prevalencia alta de SAMR y un alto consumo de vancomicina, condiciones que favorecerían su aparición. Adicionalmente, los métodos automatizados y de difusión en disco, empleados de rutina para la detección de estas cepas presentan limitaciones. OBJETIVO Determinar la susceptibilidad a vancomicina en una colección de aislamientos de SARM obtenidos de pacientes durante los años 2008-2010 en un hospital universitario de la ciudad de Medellín. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Se seleccionaron 150 aislamientos de SARM en los cuales la susceptibilidad a vancomicina se determinó empleando agar de tamización BHI-vancomicina y la concentración Inhibitoria mínima (CIM) se determinó por Vitek-2 y Etest. RESULTADOS La totalidad de los aislamientos evaluados fueron sensibles a vancomicina. Se observaron diferencias entre los métodos evaluados,  59,3% de los aislamientos (n=89), presentaron una CIM1 ug/mL, por Etest, mientras que por vitek2 solo el 22% (n=33) presentaron este valor. CONCLUSIÓN Se determinó un numero importante de aislamiento con una CIM 1 ug/mL, las cuales se han asociado con mayor riesgo de falla terapéutica. estos resultados evidencian la importancia de establecer una vigilancia constante de la resistencia a antibióticos, para lograr el establecimiento de estrategias adecuadas de control.
Enfermedades relacionadas con el grupo sanguíneo ABO
Authors: Muñoz-Vahos Catalina , García-Jiménez Elizabeth , Villa-Palacio María Isabel
Published: January 2023

Introducción El Sistema de Grupo Sanguíneo es el conjunto de antígenos codificados por genes que se encuentran en un locus o en varios y siguen un comportamiento mendeliano. Este sistema es el más importante desde el punto de vista inmunohematológico y está compuesto por los antígenos A, B, AB y O. Estudiar estos antígenos es de gran importancia para las transfusiones de sangre y los trasplantes. Se han planteado hipótesis que relacionan el sistema sanguíneo ABO con diferentes enfermedades como: malaria, cáncer de ovario, enfermedades gástricas, entre otras; siendo este último aspecto el tema a tratar en el presente trabajo. Objetivo El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue recolectar información que permitiera determinar enfermedades relacionadas con el grupo sanguíneo ABO, información que podría ser de gran utilidad para el planteamiento de nuevas hipótesis y la formulación de preguntas de investigación. Materiales y Métodos Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct y Bireme usando como descriptores, tanto en inglés como español: ABO Blood-Group System, Gastric Cancer Stomach Neoplasms, Peptic Ulcer, Gastritis, Ovarian Diseases, Helicobacter pylori, Enfermedad de Von Willebrand, Urinary Infection, Escherichia coli. Resultados La frecuencia de los grupos sanguíneos varía entre poblaciones. Se ha planteado la relación del grupo sanguíneo con algunas enfermedades, entre las que encontramos el cáncer gástrico y el cáncer de ovario con una relación mayor con personas del grupo A; las personas del grupo B con blenorragia; enfermedad de von Willebrand y úlcera péptica con las personas del grupo O, y las del grupo AB con Trombosis Venosa y Dengue. Conclusión El grupo sanguíneo ABO puede ser un factor asociado a la presentación de patologías, pero la relación no se estableció claramente en ninguno de los estudios, pues no cuentan con evidencia suficiente que lo soporte, por lo que se sugiere realizar investigaciones que le puedan dar validez a las hipótesis en que se basa dicha relación.
calidad de las prácticas formativas del área de la salud: la intersección de dos sectores. Una experiencia desde la Escuela de Microbiología de la Universidad de Antioquia
Authors: González C. Victoria Eugenia
Published: January 2023

Este artículo plantea la calidad de las prácticas formativas como el resultado de la intersección de dos sectores, educativo y salud, representado en la relación docencia-servicio. Se toma para la revisión el lapso comprendido desde la coyuntura que representó la implementación del acuerdo 000003 de 2003 hasta el año 2009, fecha en la cual se hace la primera entrega oficial al Ministerio de Protección Social de los requerimientos exigidos a las prácticas profesionales del programa académico. La pregunta que direcciona la revisión es sobre ¿Cómo la calidad de las prácticas profesionales responde a los criterios de calidad establecidos en la relación docencia - servicio? Inicialmente se presenta a nivel macro, la estructura normativa que ha regido ambos sectores con respecto a la relación docencia-servicio; luego la aplicabilidad de dicha relación en la calidad de las prácticas formativas; para finalmente considerar la experiencia micro de las prácticas profesionales de la Escuela de Microbiología de la Universidad de Antioquia.
Conferencias magistrales
Authors: Editorial Comité
Published: January 2023

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Conferencias precongreso
Authors: Editorial Comité
Published: January 2023

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Anexos
Authors: Editorial Comité
Published: January 2023

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Evaluación de la presencia de los genes FLO1, FLO5, FLO9 y FLO11 en cepas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ramírez-Soto Carolina , García-Orozco María Alejandra , Múnera-Porras Luisa M. , López-de Ávila Lina M.
Published: January 2023

La capacidad floculante en cepas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae es una característica importante para la industria del etanol ya que la unión célula-célula permite la fácil separación de la biomasa del producto de fermentación, reduciendo el tiempo y los costos operacionales. La capacidad que tiene S. cerevisiae para adherirse a células y superficies abióticas es conferida por un grupo específico de proteínas de la pared celular, denominadas adhesinas y codificadas por la familia de genes FLO. La expresión de dichos genes está relacionada con la respuesta a algunas condiciones de estrés que son comunes tanto a ambientes naturales como a fermentaciones industriales. Este estudio evaluó la presencia de los genes FLO1, FLO5, FLO9 y FLO11 en cepas de S. cerevisiae, aisladas de ambientes naturales, y a su vez, evidenció la importancia de la identificación de los genes FLO en cepas nativas para un control adecuado de la floculación en fermentaciones industriales.
Producción de bioetanol empleando fermentación tradicional y extractiva a partir de jugo de fique
Authors: Vasco-Echeverri Óscar , Ramírez-Carmona Margarita , Vélez-Salazar Yesid , Giraldo-Ramírez María
Published: January 2023

El fique (Furcraea sp.) es una planta nativa de Colombia, de la cual se extrae sólo un 4% de fibra natural y el otro 96% lo componen el jugo y los bagazos. El jugo de fique contiene aproximadamente 9,71, 28,74 y 13,51 g/L de sacarosa, fructosa y glucosa respectivamente, azúcares que son aprovechados por algunos microorganismos para la producción de bioetanol. En este trabajo se realizó la fermentación alcohólica empleando dos microorganismos seleccionados, Clavispora lusitaniae, aislada del jugo de fique, y Saccharomyces cerevisiae, durante 48 h, a 25°C y a un pH de 4,4, obteniéndose 10,68 g/L y 5,26 g/L de bioetanol respectivamente. La temperatura más adecuada para realizar el proceso fermentativo de jugo de fique fue de 30°C, obteniéndose 12,3 g/L de bioetanol con Clavispora lusitaniae a las 48 h de fermentación, produciéndose un 103% más bioetanol que la obtenida con Saccharomyces cerevisiae. En la fermentación extractiva empleando Clavispora lusitaniae durante 48 h a 30ºC y a un pH de 4,4, se obtuvieron 7,87 g/L de bioetanol, 6,75 g/L en la fase acuosa y 1,12 g/L en la fase oleosa, un 35% menor que al utilizar fermentación tradicional.
Evaluación del potencial de las cáscaras de frutas en la obtención de bioetanol
Authors: Tejeda B. Lesly , Marimón Wilfredo , Medina Mauricio
Published: January 2023

Introducción: Los biocombustibles de primera generación han sido cuestionados por el uso del suelo y el cultivo de productos que ponen en peligro la seguridad alimentaria. Las cáscaras de frutas son un desecho agroindustrial de elevada producción en todo el país, lo que las constituye en una fuente importante de biomasa lignocelulósica que puede ser usada para la obtención de etanol de tercera generación.

Objetivo: En el presente trabajo se evaluó el potencial de tres frutas cítricas de la región Caribe Colombiana: limón (Citrus limón CPW L.), naranja común (Citrus sinensis) y mandarina común (Citrus nobilis), en la producción de etanol.

Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo la fermentación alcohólica de los jarabes glucosados obtenidos a partir de la hidrólisis ácida de sus cáscaras previa reducción de tamaño y eliminación de lignina.

Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el tiempo de fermentación óptimo en todos los casos fue de 24 horas. Las cáscaras de mandarina presentaron el mejor rendimiento con 15,95 mg de etanol por gramo de cáscara, seguido de la naranja con 13,98 mg/g. El rendimiento menos favorecido fue para la cáscara de limón con 9,32 mg/g.

Conclusiones: La eficiencia del proceso a escala de laboratorio fue muy baja, sin embargo es susceptible de optimizar a nivel industrial.
Comparación del uso del ácido amsónico y blanco de calcofluor para colorear hongos sobre bloques de agar
Authors: Gómez G. Marcela , León E. Jeannette , Flórez Alex Alexis , Quiñones V. Gina , Gómez V. Katherine , Espinosa G. Lizeth , Ávila R. Claudia , Fernández M. Paola
Published: January 2023

Introducción: El diagnóstico temprano y veraz de las micosis invasivas es fundamental para mejorar la calidad de vida de pacientes inmunocomprometidos al disminuir las complicaciones fatales. Aunque las coloraciones que se están aplicando son útiles, tienen baja especificidad y valor predictivo positivo que disminuyen su eficacia en el diagnóstico. Es por esto que es necesario explorar nuevos colorantes como los derivados del estilbeno que son capaces de emitir fluorescencia al unirse a enlaces presentes en la pared celular fúngica.

Objetivo: Identificar las características operativas de la técnica de coloración ácido amsónico y compararlas con la coloración Blanco de Calcofluor.

Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de pruebas diagnósticas, en el que se evaluaron 186 láminas parafinadas para cada coloración con hongos o bacterias.

Resultados: La especificidad de la microscopía fue mayor con ácido amsónico que con Blanco de Calcofluor (100% y 49,4%, respectivamente). La sensibilidad fue del 96,7% con Blanco de Calcofluor y 93,5% con ácido amsónico.

Conclusiones: El ácido amsónico es una técnica más específica que el Blanco de Calcofluor y las dos coloraciones requieren entrenamiento previo para la detección microscópica de hongos.