bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Health in China: Auf dem Weg zu HiAP
Authors: Li Boyang , Niehoff Jens-Uwe
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die Anstrengungen der VR China, eine funktionsfähige Infrastruktur für die Krankenversorgung und auch eine Basis für Public Health zu schaffen. Der Beginn dieser Bemühungen geht auf die Jahrtausendwende zurück. Der aktuelle Stand ist das Ergebnis der zurückliegenden etwa 20 Jahre. Die Covid 19 Epidemie ist auch eine Praxisbewährung für die Anstrengungen im Sinne der WHO Health in All Politics-Strategie (HiAP), die Aktivitäten über Ressortgrenzen hinaus zu bündeln und komplexe Problemlösungen zu bewirken.
„One Health“ und COVID 19 – eine Bewährungsprobe
Authors: Weidner Christian
Published: September 2020

Die aktuelle COVID-19-Pandemie stellt vieles auf die Probe, allen voran die multisektorale Zusammenarbeit sowohl zwischen den Akteuren im Gesundheitswesen als auch mit Akteuren aus anderen Bereichen wie Politik, Wirtschaft, Sicherheit, Bildung und Kommunikation. Inhaltliche Vorbereitungen in Form von Pandemieplänen, Zuständigkeitsregelungen oder Ressourcenplanungen müssen sich beweisen. „One Health“ hat diesen multisektoralen Zugang schon immer im Fokus und erlebt jetzt eine Bewährungsprobe.
Regionale Gesundheitskonferenzen als Politikfeld-übergreifendes Steuerungselement
Authors: Ewert Thomas , Geuter Gunnar , Wildner Manfred
Published: September 2020

Die Gesundheit in der Bevölkerung wird durch zahlreiche Faktoren beeinflußt. Sinnvollerweise bestehen erfolgversprechende Lösungsansätze für Herausforderungen im Gesundheitswesen darin, Politik und unterschiedliche Akteure der jeweiligen Handlungsfelder zu vernetzen und kooperative Strukturen aufzubauen. Regionale Gesundheitskonferenzen können hierzu einen essentiellen Beitrag leisten. Hier arbeiten üblicherweise verschiedene Politikfelder, Ressorts und Sektoren auf regionaler Ebene zusammen und stehen dabei in Verbindung zu den übergeordneten Strukturen.
Technologische Demokratisierung? Erfahrungen aus einem Scienceblog
Authors: Kuhn Joseph
Published: September 2020

Das Internet ist inzwischen eine der gängigen Informationsquellen der Bevölkerung, auch zum Thema Gesundheit. Dabei spielen interaktive soziale Medien, wie z.B. Blogs, eine wichtige Rolle. Eine besondere Form sind Scienceblogs, die wissenschaftsnahe Diskussionsangebote machen. Das damit verbundene Demokratisierungspotential wird am Beispiel eines Scienceblogs kritisch reflektiert.
Health in all Policies: Herausforderung und Chance für den ÖGD
Authors: Tinnemann Peter
Published: September 2020

Der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst schützt und fördert die Bevölkerungsgesundheit. Seine Aufgaben sind durch Rechtsnormen geregelt, grundsätzlich ist er in der Pflicht gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Aufgaben zu erfüllen. Die Zusammenarbeit und Koordination mit anderen Akteuren der gesundheitlichen Versorgung gehören in einigen Ländern dazu, genauso wie Forschung und Politikberatung. Hier bietet sich die Möglichkeit das Thema Öffentliche Gesundheit in den politischen Raum einzubringen.
Wieviel zersplitterte Zuständigkeit verträgt unsere Gesundheit?
Authors: Altgeld Thomas
Published: September 2020

Die Entwicklung einer gesundheitsfördernden Gesamtpolitik ist bislang in Deutschland wenig vorangeschritten. Im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie erweist sich Intersektoralität als entscheidend für eine erfolgreiche Gesundheitskrisenbewältigung. Möglicherweise scheitert eine gesundheitsfördernde Gesamtpolitik in normalen Zeiten auch an dem Begriff der Gesundheit selbst. Eine Weiterentwicklung der Zielstellung zu „Wohlergehen“ könnte helfen, um andere Ressorts für ein koordiniertes Vorgehen zu gewinnen.
Covid-19 und gesundheitliche Ungleichheit: Die Relevanz des HiAP-Ansatzes bei Pandemien
Authors: Blättner Beate
Published: September 2020

Public Health Maßnahmen sollen gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit entgegenwirken. Dieser Grundsatz ist allerdings nicht Gegenstand des Pandemieschutzes. Die Schwere der Krankheitsverläufe von Covid-19 könnte sozial ungleich verteilt sein, zuverlässige Daten darüber sind derzeit nicht vorhanden. Möglich ist, dass auch die Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Bevölkerung vor der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie zur gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit beitragen.
„Health in All Policies“ und gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit: COVID-19 als Fallstudie
Authors: Dragano Nico , Conte Arne
Published: September 2020

Im Beitrag wird eine erste Analyse des Umgangs mit gesundheitlicher Chancengleichheit bzw. Ungleichheit während der COVID-19 Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 in Deutschland vorgenommen, um Rückschlüsse auf den allgemeinen Stand von HiAP-Ansätzen zur Thematik der Chancengleichheit zu ziehen. Teile der Maßnahmen deckten sich prinzipiell mit den HiAP-Ideen, eine übergeordnete Strategie zur Förderung der gesundheitlichen Chancengleichheit ist jedoch in der betrachteten Zeit nicht auszumachen.
Der Fundplatz Generalka 2 der Jamnaja-Kultur in der Südukraine. Archäologische und naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen
Authors: Kaiser Elke , Tuboltsev Oleg , Benecke Norbert , Evershed Richard P. , Hochmuth Michael , Mileto Simona , Riesenberg Martin
Published: September 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird der Fundplatz Generalka 2 auf der Insel Chortica bei der Stadt Zaporižžja in der Ukraine vorgestellt. Seit dem Jahr 2000 finden hier regelmäßig Ausgrabungen statt, bei denen mehrere Grabensegmente freigelegt wurden. Die Funde, insbesondere die Keramik, sind typisch für die Jamnaja-Kultur (Grubengrabkultur) und auch die 14C-Datierungen weisen in die erste Hälfte des 3. Jts. v. Chr. Zunächst wurde vermutet, dass hier eine Siedlung vorliegt, wie mehrere im Bereich der ehemaligen Dneprstromschnellen nördlich der südukrainischen Stadt Zaporižžja entdeckt worden sind. Neueste Feldforschungen weisen allerdings auf eine andere Kategorie von Denkmal hin. Grabenwerke sind aus verschiedenen Großräumen bekannt und als ‚causewayed enclosures‘ in der englischsprachigen Literatur beschrieben worden.

Hier werden nun die Ergebnisse mehrerer naturwissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen am Fundstoff aus Generalka 2 vorgelegt. Für einen Fundplatz der Jamnaja-Kultur, der keine Begräbnisstätte darstellt, wurde eine umfassende Analyse von über 10.000 Tierknochen vorgenommen. Die 3.071 Knochen, die archäozoologisch einer Tierart zugeordnet werden können, lassen Rückschlüsse auf die Herdenzusammensetzung zu und belegen, dass Wildfauna nur eine untergeordnete Rolle in der Subsistenzbasis der Menschen zukam, die am unteren Dnepr im frühen 3. Jt. v. Chr. gelebt haben. Da auch zahlreiche Zähne von Wiederkäuern erhalten waren, wurden Isotopenanalysen durchgeführt, um Hinweise auf das Herdenmanagement zu erhalten. In einer weiteren Pilotstudie wurden Gefäßfragmente auf organische Rückstandsanalysen untersucht und die Ergebnisse mit den archäozoologischen Resultaten verglichen. Die hier erstmals vorgelegten und diskutierten Daten belegen eindrücklich das Potential für die Untersuchung eines solchen Steppenfundplatzes.
A Study on the Effect of Angle in Diffused Hole Film Cooling Effectiveness at Different Blowing Ratios
Authors: Gandhi Nishant , Sivan Suresh
Published: September 2020

Higher the turbine inlet temperature of a gas turbine, higher will be the efficiency, however the increase in the turbine inlet temperature is limited to the materials and the cooling strategies employed. This article presents a study on the effect of blowing ratio on film cooling effectiveness for a cylindrical hole and a diffused hole at different angles. The analysis was done for blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 while the angle in the diffused hole was varied as 5°, 10° and 15°. A grid independence study was performed and the simulation was validated. The results of cylindrical and different angles of diffused holes were compared. For a cylindrical hole as well as diffused hole, a blowing ratio of 1.0 was found to have an optimal effectiveness. The diffused hole was found to improve the near hole and downstream effectiveness at higher blowing ratios.
An Occupational Term Used as an Anthroponym in Judean Hebrew
Authors: Zadok Ran
Published: September 2020

The recently found given name ’kr (on a late pre-exilic Judean seal from Jerusalem) is borrowed from Akkadian and denotes »farmer, ploughman«. Its bearer probably belonged to the palatial sector. Regarding the name Ntnmlk referring to a servant of the king on a bulla from the same place, its second component (Mlk) is theophoric rather than basilophoric.
Influence of deposition time and annealing treatments on the properties of chemically deposited Sn2Sb2S5 thin films and photovoltaic behavior of Sn2Sb2S5-based solar cells
Authors: Nwofe Patrick Akata , Sugiyama Mutsumi
Published: September 2020

Thin films of chemical bath deposited tin antimony sulphide (Sn2Sb2S5) were tuned by varying the deposition time between 1 and 3 h, and postdeposition heat treatments. The films were grown on soda lime glass (SLG) and on molybdenum glass (Mo-SLG) substrates, respectively. The film thickness increased with deposition time up to 2 h and decreased thereafter. Structural analysis from X-ray diffractometry showed that the films were single phase. This was corroborated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy results give antimony/sulphur (Sb/S) ratio and antimony/tin (Sb/Sn) ratio that increased with deposition time in the SLG substrates only. Optical constants extracted from optical spectroscopy measurements give optical absorption coefficient (α) > 104 cm−1, and direct energy bandgap with values in the range 1.30 to 1.48 eV. The Hall effect measurements performed on films grown on the SLG substrates indicated that the films were p-type electrical conductivity with electrical resistivity in the range 103 to 104 Ωcm. The films grown on the Mo-SLG served as absorber layers to fabricate thin film heterojunction solar cell devices in the substrate configuration with a cadmium sulphide (CdS) window partner. The best device yielded a short-circuit current density of 20 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage of 0.012 V and a solar conversion efficiency of 0.04%.
Phytochemical characterization of different yarrow species (Achillea sp.) and investigations into their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Apel Lysanne , Lorenz Peter , Urban Sabine , Sauer Simon , Spring Otmar , Stintzing Florian C. , Kammerer Dietmar R.
Published: September 2020

Various Achillea species are rich in bioactive compounds and are important medicinal plants in phytotherapy. In the present study, Achillea millefolium L., Achillea moschata Wulfen, and Achillea atrata L. were compared with respect to their phenolic profile and antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria strains (Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium). Particular focus was given to A. atrata, which has hardly been studied so far. Based on the metabolite profile, A. atrata exhibited more similarities to A. moschata than to A. millefolium. The former two only differed in the occurrence of four compounds. The flavonols syringetin-3-O-glucoside and mearnsetin-hexoside, not reported for an Achillea species before, have been detected in A. atrata and A. moschata. All Achillea species reduced growth of the tested bacteria. A. atrata demonstrated highest activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, both being involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Furthermore, A. atrata has a pronounced anti–methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus potential. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed that only the most polar fraction of A. moschata displayed antimicrobial activity, which was attributed to phenolics such as apigenin, centaureidin, and nevadensin, being present in high amounts in A. atrata. Thus, this alpine species shows promising antimicrobial activity and might be a potential source for developing novel dermal/topical drugs.
Charles Bonnier (1863–1926), un philologue européen de la Belle Époque
Authors: Balnat Vincent
Published: September 2020

This contribution is dedicated to the French philologist Charles Bonnier (1861–1926), who dared to criticize the philological doxa of his time. As a result, Paul Meyer (1840–1917), one of the most influential philologists, refused his thesis at the École des chartes (Paris). Bonnier went to Germany, where he completed his doctorate at the University of Halle under the supervision of Hermann Suchier (1848–1914) ; later on he held teaching positions in England (Oxford, Liverpool). While Bonnier is regarded today as a pioneer of modern scripta research, his ideas and academic career still remain widely unknown.
Die «bösen Reichen»
Authors: Rieger Dietmar
Published: September 2020

In the Middle Ages, not only philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas, but also numerous troubadours have discussed with commitment issues of private property and its social obligations – up to expropriation. The discussion mainly took place in the context of their continuous polemics from about 1150 to 1300 in the form of sirventes and partimens, but also cansos, against the «evil rich barons», the rics malvatz. The antipathy towards this «incarnation of Malvestatz» and figure of greed, avarice and all varieties of immorality finds its outlet in many denunciations and hateful verbal aggressions in a wide rhetorical range – up to demands for prohibition of inheritance claims and suggestions for expropriation. The motivations for these insulting tirades are multiple and partly overlap: The ric malvatz is hated as rich and powerful and therefore often successful rival in love as well as one who refuses himself or his fortune for the Crusade, as a miser who denies the equality (including the poor) before God and above all as a territorial prince who tramples on his socio-cultural duty to promote and stabilize the troubadouresque cultural activity with its cultural-productive structure resulting from an important social compromise. It is remarkable, but also enigmatic, in which way a troubadour (Trobaire de Villa-Arnaut) combines his polemic against the rics malvatz with a formal experiment and how he legitimizes it with a clear reference to Giraut de Borneil.
La Grant Crónica de Espanya: reflexiones en torno a la incidencia de los procesos de lexicalización en su edición
Authors: Llavata Santiago Vicente
Published: September 2020

This article aims to offer some methodological reflections in relation to the historical study of phraseology in Juan Fernández de Heredia’s work. Specifically, we intend to reflect on the incidence of lexicalization processes within the framework of the edition project of the Grant Crónica de Espanya by means of the study of the phraseological unit por mal querencia de / por malquerencia de. This is intended to highlight the need to preserve the original state of the text in its graphic aspect and, in the case at hand, at the point referred to the union and separation of words.
Aportaciones a la evolución castellana de f- latina en su contexto románico: del signo lingüístico al signo poético
Authors: Pla Colomer Francisco Pedro
Published: September 2020

The main objective of the current paper is the study of the aspiration process and its loss of Latin f- in Spanish during the Middle Ages in contrast with other peninsular languages from the metric of the texts written in verse (from the Auto de los Reyes Magos until the Cancionero of Juan del Enzina). The analysis of the sounds distributed along the metrical feet of the verses sheds light on the reconstruction of the phonological element which underlies in the spelling. The systematic application of the dyalepha and synalepha, according to each period, will allow us to obtain an accurate perspective of this phenomenon, as well as to place it in its appropriate variational level of usage.
Observations lexicales sur les champs sémantiques SOCIALISME et COMMUNISME dans une œuvre philosophique et contre-révolutionnaire de « science absolue » du XIXe siècle
Authors: Variano Angelo
Published: September 2020

This article focuses on certain semantic aspects within the vocabulary of French politics : in detail, how the meaning of words used in a political context changes through the ideas and theories of a particular social group. It aims more specifically at highlighting the relationship between ideology and word meaning in the philosophical text Principes de science absolue (1875).
Vom holistischen Bauprinzip zur modernen Montageindustrie? Produktionssysteme im Schiffbau und der «Wandel der Arbeit» bei der Bremer Vulkan AG nach 1945
Authors: Ebhardt Christian
Published: September 2020

From the holistic construction principle to the modern assembly industry? Production systems in shipbuilding and the «change in work» at Bremer Vulkan AG after 1945

The article discusses the interrelation between production technology, organisational restructuring and working conditions in shipbuilding after 1945. The Bremer Vulkan – one of the largest shipyards in Germany during the period – functions as a case example. The article tackles three main questions: How and in which entrepreneurial context did production systems change during the second half of the 20th century? Under what circumstances were changes developed, planned, and implemented? What kind of debates can be traced that give insight into the negotiations that accompanied the technological and organisational change within the company? Shipbuilding has undergone a fundamental change during the second half of the 20th century. The immediate post-war era was marked by a long period of production increase and heavy investments in the context of the so-called tanker boom. A clear shift can be traced from the 1970s onwards, which is characterised by a gradual departure from merchant vessel production throughout Western Europe and a focus on higher value ships. Each of these changes necessitated specific production regimes and organisational structures that had the main aim to increase pre-production and reduce the inherently complex single piece production. At the same time, the 1970s show a significant shift in the debates surrounding these changes. The negative consequences of new productions technology and organisational restructuring for working conditions became a virulent topic.
«Zum Glück bauen wir keinen Trabant»
Authors: Lütkemeyer Eva
Published: September 2020

«Fortunately we don’t build a Trabant». The East German shipyard industry between optimism about the future and the crisis, 1989/90 to 1994

The «Peaceful Revolution» led to a tremendous political, economic and social transition. The rapidly collapsing present with its very uncertain parameters had an impact on the social and cultural realities of everyday life. Especially the GDR shipyard industry, as one of the key industries, shaped specific experiences and formed the mentalities of the region’s people. By looking at the shipbuilding firm’s privatisation process after 1989, this article examines how the upheavals of the «Wende» opened a framework in which many actors operated in the context of their own experiences and their own points of view, which shaped their perceptions and actions. The article discusses how public communications and optimistic promises from politicians and economic actors prompted specific expectations. The difficulties that the shipbuilding industry actually faced after the end of the planned economy were known to those responsible and even debated within the Treuhandanstalt (THA), but seemed to take a back seat in public communication fields. Especially during the first phase of privatisation, which is defined here as the period from November 1989 to 1991, we can see how promises are made and by whom, as well as how and why this could lead to disappointment and disillusionment on the one hand and new beginnings and horizons on the other. This first phase reveals the contradictions of expectations and reality.
Internationalisierungsfaktor maritime Wirtschaft? Reedereien, Handelsgesellschaften und Werften der Thyssen-Bornemisza-Gruppe 1906/26 bis 1971
Authors: Gehlen Boris
Published: September 2020

The article refers to recent research on multinational companies, which assumes a special importance of companies in the maritime economy (trade, shipyards, shipping companies) in globalisation processes. It examines the Thyssen-Bornemisza group, which emerged in 1926 from the August Thyssen group, and shows how its internationalization, which was already envisaged at the beginning of the 1920s, was implemented under the adverse conditions of the first half of the 20th century. It further analyses the role of the maritime economy’s companies within this process, and to what extent the group’s strategic objectives changed as a result. While it was still a production-oriented business group in the 1920s, it had become a global portfolio group by the early 1970s. In particular, the companies in the maritime trade sector and their market knowledge proved to be the driving force and starting point for these developments.
Precision measurement of the half-life of 90mNb and 99mTc
Authors: Kikunaga H. , Fujisawa H. , Ooe K. , Takayama R. , Shinohara A. , Takamiya K. , Kasamatsu Y. , Ezaki Y. , Haba H. , Nakanishi T. , Mitsugashira T. , Hirose H. , Ohtsuki T.
Published: September 2020

We have produced 90mNb and 99mTc in the reactions of natZr(p,xn)90mNb and 100Mo(γ,n)99Mo, followed by disintegration to 99mTc, respectively, and measured the half-lives of these nuclides by using a reference source method. In order to determine the short half-lives of 90mNb precisely, an on-line gas-jet system has been employed. As a result, the half-lives of these nuclides were determined with good precision on the order of magnitude of 0.1%.
Complete and incomplete fusion in 9Be+124Sn system
Authors: Parkar V. V. , Palit R. , Sharma Sushil K. , Naidu B. S. , Joshi P. K. , Santra S. , Rath P. K. , Ramachandran K. , Mahata K. , Trivedi T. , Raghav A.
Published: September 2020

Complete and incomplete fusion cross-sections for the
9Be+124Sn system have been measured around the Coulomb barrier energies (E
lab
C.B=28 MeV) using the on-line gamma ray detection technique. The complete fusion cross-sections of this system have been compared with the two stable projectiles on the same 124Sn target to provide information on the projectile dependence. The brief comparison of the present 9Be+124Sn data with a comprehensive and recent study of the neighbouring system 9Be+144Sm is also given.
Investigative radiochemistry – a key element in nuclear forensics
Authors: Mayer K. , Wallenius M. , Varga Zsolt , Wiss T. , Fanghänel T.
Published: September 2020

Since the fall of the Iron Curtain illicit trafficking of nuclear and radioactive material has become an issue of concern both on the political and the scientific level. Seized material may be analysed in order to obtain clues on its origin and intended use and to prevent diversion of material from the same source in the future. Nuclear materials (uranium or plutonium) are of particular worry due to the nuclear proliferation risk associated with the material. Nuclear forensic investigations are aimed at the fact that nuclear material carries (inherent) information on its history, including on its origin and the processes applied for its production. Important conclusions can be drawn from decay products, activation products and fission products. Chemical impurities and the isotopic composition of certain major and minor constituents may provide additional information. Comparison of the measured results with nuclear material databases may yield evidence on the production site. The paper will describe the methodologies developed for addressing the above issues, focussing on radiochemical methods. Examples of nuclear forensic casework will illustrate the experience gathered in these areas.
Circ-Tulp4 promotes β-cell adaptation to lipotoxicity by regulating soat1 expression
Authors: Wu Liting , Xiong Li , Li Jin , Peng Zishan , Zhang Luyao , Shi Peijie , Gong Yingying , Xiao Haipeng
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to identify circular RNAs differentially expressed in the islets of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) models and clarify their roles in the control of β-cell functions. Circular RNAs dysregulated in the islets of diabetic db/db mice were identified by high-throughput RNA sequencing. Then, the expression level of the selected circular RNA circ-Tulp4 was confirmed by real-time PCR in the islets of diabetic models and Min6 cells. MTS, EdU, western blot, flow cytometric analysis, and luciferase assay were performed to investigate the impact of circ-Tulp4 on β-cell functions. This study identified thousands of circular RNAs in mouse pancreatic islets. The circ-Tulp4 level significantly decreased in the diabetic models and altered in the Min6 cells under lipotoxic condition. The modulation of circ-Tulp4 level in Min6 cells regulated cell proliferation. Furthermore, an interaction was demonstrated between circ-Tulp4 and miR-7222-3p, which suppressed the expression of cholesterol esterification-related gene, sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1). The accumulation of soat1 activated cyclin D1 expression, thus promoting cell cycle progression. These findings showed that circ-Tulp4 regulated β-cell proliferation via miR-7222-3p/soat1/cyclin D1 signaling. Our research suggested that circ-Tulp4 might be a potential therapeutic intervention for T2DM. Besides, soat1 might be important for β-cell adaptation to lipotoxicity.
Polychaete consumption increased prostaglandin biosynthesis in female Penaeus monodon
Authors: Deenarn Pacharawan , Tobwor Punsa , Vichai Vanicha , Phomklad Suwanchai , Chaitongsakul Panomkorn , Leelatanawit Rungnapa , Wimuttisuk Wananit
Published: September 2020

The polychaete Perinereis nuntia is preferred over commercial feed pellets for boosting ovarian maturation of the female black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. High levels of prostaglandins in polychaetes are believed to enhance shrimp ovarian development. However, the impact of polychaete feeding on shrimp prostaglandin biosynthesis and fatty acid regulatory pathways have yet to be investigated. As polychaetes contain higher levels of arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) than feed pellets, we examined the effects of polychaete feeding alone and in combination with eyestalk ablation on shrimp hepatopancreases and ovaries. Shrimp fed with polychaetes contained higher levels of EPA, PGE2 and PGF2α in hepatopancreases than those of pellet-fed shrimp. Similarly, higher levels of ARA and higher transcription levels of cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) were detected in ovaries of polychaete-fed shrimp compared to those of pellet-fed shrimp. The combination of polychaete-feeding and eyestalk ablation, commonly practiced to induce ovarian development, increased levels of ARA and EPA and transcription levels of COX in hepatopancreases and ovaries of polychaete-fed shrimp compared to those of pellet-fed shrimp. In ovaries, prostaglandin biosynthesis gene transcripts were induced by polychaete feeding while transcriptional levels of fatty acid regulatory genes were regulated by shrimp feed and eyestalk ablation. Our findings not only elucidate the effects of polychaete consumption on shrimp prostaglandin biosynthesis and fatty acid regulatory pathways during larvae production, but also suggests that high levels of dietary ARA, EPA and prostaglandins are essential during P. monodon ovarian development.
Chromonomer: A Tool Set for Repairing and Enhancing Assembled Genomes Through Integration of Genetic Maps and Conserved Synteny
Authors: Catchen Julian , Amores Angel , Bassham Susan
Published: September 2020

The pace of the sequencing and computational assembly of novel reference genomes is accelerating. Though DNA sequencing technologies and assembly software tools continue to improve, biological features of genomes such as repetitive sequence as well as molecular artifacts that often accompany sequencing library preparation can lead to fragmented or chimeric assemblies. If left uncorrected, defects like these trammel progress on understanding genome structure and function, or worse, positively mislead this research. Fortunately, integration of additional, independent streams of information, such as a marker-dense genetic map and conserved orthologous gene order from related taxa, can be used to scaffold together unlinked, disordered fragments and to restructure a reference genome where it is incorrectly joined. We present a tool set for automating these processes, one that additionally tracks any changes to the assembly and to the genetic map, and which allows the user to scrutinize these changes with the help of web-based, graphical visualizations. Chromonomer takes a user-defined reference genome, a map of genetic markers, and, optionally, conserved synteny information to construct an improved reference genome of chromosome models: a “chromonome”. We demonstrate Chromonomer’s performance on genome assemblies and genetic maps that have disparate characteristics and levels of quality.
Genetic and Physical Localization of the Gene Controlling Leaf Pigmentation Pattern in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Yu Xiaocheng , Qin Qiulin , Wu Xia , Li Dandan , Yang Shengming
Published: September 2020

In Medicago truncatula, some ecotypes form a black or purple stain in the middle of adaxial leaf surface due to accumulation of anthocyanins. However, this morphological marker is missing in some other ecotypes, although anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is not disrupted. Genetic analysis indicated that the lack of the leaf spot of anthocyanins accumulation is a dominant trait, which is controlled by a single gene, LPP1. Genetic mapping indicated that the LPP1 gene was delimited to a 280 kb-region on Chromosome 7. A total of 8 protein-coding genes were identified in the LPP1 locus through gene annotation and sequence analysis. Of those, two genes, putatively encoding MYB-transcriptional suppressors, were selected as candidates for functional validation.
Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: Balanced by COX2-PGE2 System to a New Setpoint
Authors: Wang Fuzhou
Published: September 2020

The setpoint of neural activity plays a critical role in maintaining the complex neural circuits into stable activities. Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a major component of the setpoint theory that dynamically adjusts synaptic strengths. Cyclooxy-genase 2 (COX 2) is rapidly upregulated in inflammatory episodes after nervous injury and its product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exerts contrast functions in the nervous system by working on the homeostatic plasticity. New data revealed that COX2-PGE2 system takes an essential part in balancing excitation and inhibition of the synaptic activities at a new setpoint that finally is maintained by the homeostatic synaptic plasticity.
New Definition of Sepsis
Authors: Wang Fuzhou
Published: September 2020

Sepsis or septic shock is one of the major causes of mortality in intensive care medicine. How to define and how to make an accurate diagnosis possess critical implications for patients and intensive caregivers. With the development of modern medical science, new challenges rose for how to re-define sepsis and also revision is needed. Should we add organ dysfunction to the diagnostic criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and whether are there early symptoms or signs of organ dysfunction need to be considered critically. May be the new definition of sepsis can save more lives.
Water Triggered Shape Memory Materials
Authors: Niu Guoguang
Published: September 2020

The term "shape memory effect" refers to the ability of a material to be deformed and fixed into a temporary shape, and to recover its original, permanent shape upon an external stimulus (1). Shape memory polymers have attracted much interest because of their unique properties, and applied tremendously in medical area, such as biodegradable sutures, actuators, catheters and smart stents (2, 3). Shape memory usually is a thermally induced process, although it can be activated by light illumination, electrical current, magnetic, or electromagnetic field (4-6). During the process, the materials are heated directly or indirectly above their glass transition temperature (Tg) or the melting temperature (Tm) in order to recover the original shape. Non-thermally induced shape memory polymers eliminate the temperature constrains and enable the manipulation of the shape recovered under ambient temperature (7, 8). Herein, we report a novel strategy of water induced shape memory, in which the formation and dissolution of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) crystal is utilized for the fixation and recovery of temporary deformation of hydrophilic polymer. This water-induced shape recovery is less sensitive to temperature, of which 95% deformation is fixed in circumstance and over 75% recovery is reached even at 0 oC.
Granulocyte Therapy for Cancer: A Prospective Review
Authors: Wang Dong
Published: September 2020

A powerful and complicated defense system exists within the cell and the whole body to protect against “irresponsible” cell growth and to deal harshly with most wannabe cancerous cells. However, occasionally the malfunction of one of these systems may result in an uncontrolled cell growth, which has been found taking the first step toward becoming carcinogenesis. Immune system is the most important defense system to protect the host from diseases. There is strong evidence showing that immune system also plays an essential role in providing significant protection against cancer. However, how the immune system works in defending and fighting against cancer and what is the exact molecular mechanisms of this process are still unknown. We herein review the historical change of the immune-associated cancer therapy and then provide evidence on the exploration of the relationship between the immune system and cancer disease. Moreover, an outline about the serendipity discovery of the Spontaneous Regression/Complete Resistant mice and the corresponding selective cancer killing mechanism of which is mediated entirely by leukocytes from the innate immunity is discussed. In addition, based on the outstanding curative effect on the animal model, a promising anti-tumor therapy method, Leukocyte Infusion Therapy, has been approved by FDA and is being preceded in conducting clinical trials.
СТРАТЕГІЧНІ НАПРЯМИ АГРАРНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: ШУЛЬГА Ольга
Published: September 2020

На сьогодні стан і темпи розвитку аграрного сектору економіки України, через нагромаджені в ньому проблеми, залишають бажати кращого. Частина цих проблем викликана помилками в управлінні на макро- і мікрорівнях, а частина – суперечностями у системі аграрних відносин. Необхідно запропонувати якнайефективніший, з точки зору розв’язання соціально-економічних суперечностей аграрного сектору, варіант подальшої трансформації аграрних відносин в Україні.Теоретичною базою дослідження слугували публікації вітчизняних вчених з аграрної проблематики (в тому числі з проблем формування і регулювання ринку земель сільськогосподарського призначення), розміщені у монографіях, періодичних виданнях і на інформаційних порталах у мережі Інтернет. Економічна політика – це певна система дій держави, спрямована на заохочення або зміну економічних процесів. Аграрна політика є складовою економічної політики держави і являє собою систему цілей і заходів, спрямованих на вирішення комплексу проблем, пов’язаних з функціонуванням аграрного сектору економіки, з метою підвищення ефективності його діяльності та забезпечення сталого розвитку. Сьогодні головне завдання аграрної політики держави полягає у формуванні ефективного і конкурентоспроможного аграрного сектору економіки на засадах сталого розвитку. Пропонується запровадити ринок земель сільськогосподарського призначення у два етапи. На першому з них право купівлі земель цієї категорії необхідно надати державі. І тільки пізніше, коли у суб’єктів господарювання буде сформовано належну аграрну культуру та з’явиться достатня маса ефективних землевласників і землекористувачів, можливим стане скасування мораторію на купівлю-продаж земель сільськогосподарського призначення, і це буде другий етап. При цьому треба законодавчо передбачити, що на другому етапі покупцями земель зможуть бути тільки національне агентство із земельних ресурсів і громадяни нашої країни. Щодо іноземців, то їм має бути надано лише право орендувати землю. Можна виокремити такі напрями вдосконалення аграрної політики в Україні: формування цивілізованого ринку земель сільськогосподарського призначення; сприяння зростанню товарності ОСГ (особистих селянських господарств); розвиток сільськогосподарської кооперації, кластерної організації агропромислового виробництва та управління ним; сприяння впровадженню нових техніки і технологій; удосконалення управління виробництвом на основі інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій; масове підвищення професійно-кваліфікаційного рівня працюючих; активізація інноваційної діяльності сільськогосподарських підприємств; розв’язання соціально-економічних проблем розвитку сільських територій; удосконалення екологічної політики тощо.
ВПЛИВ ДАНИХ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ЗВІТНОСТІ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ РИНКОВОЇ ВАРТОСТІ КОМПАНІЇ
Authors: МИСАКА Ганна , ДЕРУН Іван
Published: September 2020

Одним з інформаційних джерел, використаних у процесі прийняття управлінських рішень, є публічна фінансова звітність корпорацій. На її основі здійснюється оцінка фінансового стану, ділової репутації та інвестиційної привабливості компанії. Індикатором останньої виступає результат порівняння ринкової вартості компанії з її оцінкою, яку наведено у фінансовій звітності. Оскільки за допомогою існуючих методик бухгалтерського обліку адекватно сформувати інформацію про ринкову вартість у фінансовій звітності неможливо, то ефективність прийнятого інвестиційного рішення істотно залежить від застосовуваної під час підготовки фінансової звітності моделі оцінювання її складових.Для визначення впливу показників фінансової звітності на ринкову вартість компанії було досліджено звітність 44 транснаціональних корпорацій, які складають звітність за IFRS/IAS (19 підприємств) та US GAAP (25 підприємств), у 2014–2016 рр. за допомогою багатофакторної регресії з панельними даними. Нами встановлено, що залежно від системи стандартів, за якими складено фінансову звітність (US GAAP або IFRS/IAS), ринкова вартість компанії виявляє чутливість до різних показників, що наводяться у її звітності.У статті обгрунтовується припущення, що це зумовлено різним ступенем застосування моделі оцінки об’єктів за справедливою вартістю у зазначених облікових системах. Нами зроблено висновок, що розширене застосування в поточному обліку оцінювання об’єктів за справедливою вартістю підвищує інформаційну корисність фінансової звітності емітентів цінних паперів для професійних учасників фондового ринку.
МЕТОДИКА ОЦІНКИ КРЕДИТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПОЗИЧАЛЬНИКА: ПРАКТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: КРАМАРЕНКО Ірина , КОЗАЧЕНКО Лілія
Published: September 2020

Сьогодні банківська система не виконує своє основне завдання, оскільки не фінансує і не кредитує реальний сектор економіки, а чверть наданих креди-тів є списаними та неповерненими. Існуюча ситуація в Україні зумовлює не-обхідність дослідження питання шляхів та заходів з удосконалення оцінки кредитоспроможності позичальника як головного напряму для стабілізації та підвищення ефективної кредитної діяльності комерційного банку.Оцінюється сучасний стан банківського кредитування підприємств, креди-тоспроможність позичальника та її вплив на суму прострочених кредитів, ви-значаються резерви під зменшення корисності кредитів, розробляються прак-тичні рекомендації щодо вдосконалення кредитоспроможності позичальника на прикладі АТ «Райффайзен Банк Аваль».Щорічні суми наданих банківською системою підприємствам кредитів збі-льшується, при цьому зростає і заборгованість клієнтів. Так, питома вага про-строчених кредитів у серпні 2017 р. становила 22,65% від загальної суми нада-них в Україні кредитів. Серед лідерів щодо надання кредитів є АТ «Райффай-зен Банк Аваль». За досліджуваний період процентні доходи банку значно скоротилися, що свідчить про низьку дохідність кредитних операцій. При ана-лізі резервів під зменшення їх корисності виявлено, що понад 28% кредитів є списаними, а це у першу чергу пов’язано з неправильною оцінкою платоспро-можності позичальника.При оцінці фінансового стану позичальника за методикою АТ «Райффай-зен Банк Аваль» визначено, що не враховуються показники ефективності дія-льності потенціального платника кредитів. Методика також не має рейтинго-вої або бальної оцінки щодо врахування показників, які застосовуються при аналізі платоспроможності позичальника. Обгрунтованим є використання при оцінці платоспроможності позичальника АТ «Райффайзен Банк Аваль» Положення про визначення банками України розміру кредитного ризику за активними банківськими операціями, що набрало чинності з 3 січня 2017 р.
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Newborn Resuscitation Around Term: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Holte Kari , Ersdal Hege , Eilevstjønn Joar , Gomo Øystein , Klingenberg Claus , Thallinger Monica , Linde Jørgen , Stigum Hein , Yeconia Anita , Kidanto Hussein , Størdal Ketil
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:

International guidelines for resuscitation recommend using positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during ventilation of preterm newborns. Reliable PEEP-valves for self-inflating bags have been lacking, and effects of PEEP during resuscitation of term newborns are insufficiently studied. The objective was to determine if adding a new PEEP valve to the bag-mask during resuscitation of term and near-term newborns could improve heart rate response.

METHODS:

This randomized controlled trial was performed at Haydom Lutheran Hospital in Tanzania (September 2016 to June 2018). Helping Babies Breathe–trained midwives performed newborn resuscitation using self-inflating bags with or without a new, integrated PEEP valve. All live-born newborns who received bag-mask ventilation at birth were eligible. Heart rate response measured by ECG was the primary outcome, and clinical outcome and ventilation data were recorded.

RESULTS:

Among 417 included newborns (median birth weight 3200 g), 206 were ventilated without and 211 with PEEP. We found no difference in heart rate response. Median (interquartile range) measured PEEP in the PEEP group was 4.7 (2.0–5.6) millibar. The PEEP group received lower tidal volumes (4.9 [1.9–8.2] vs 6.3 [3.9–10.5] mL/kg; P = .02) and had borderline lower expired CO2 (2.9 [1.5–4.3] vs 3.3 [1.9–5.0] %; P = .05). Twenty four-hour mortality was 9% in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found no evidence for improved heart rate response during bag-mask ventilation with PEEP compared with no PEEP. The PEEP valve delivered a median PEEP within the intended range. The findings do not support routine use of PEEP during resuscitation of newborns around term.
Management approaches in the implementation of digital technologies in public administration
Authors: Bobrovska Olena
Published: September 2020

It is proved that information systems do not yet have the status of an independent and influential factor on the quality of public administration, and the use of digital technologies today is a complex multifaceted problem. The need to develop national programs that would be aimed at maintaining the availability of information databases needed by the authorities in making management decisions is emphasized. As part of the key areas for further improvement of information systems in public administration, it is proposed to consider the possibility of creating a single corporate information system in local communities. It is proposed to develop and substantiate the Program of improvement of information support of public administration, giving it a corporate character and turning it into an independent effective component of the management system.
Cybersecurity as an integral part of public administration
Authors: Ventsel Viktor
Published: September 2020

The modern era is the era of the information society, which is characterized by the dominance of information and communication technologies in all spheres of human life. The use of technology has become a habitual norm of everyday life of citizens, corporations, the state. At the same time, the use of technology and communication networks carries risks of abuse and malicious action. Therefore, cybersecurity issues are more relevant and important. In this context, the leading role in the use and protection of information and communication systems should belong to the state, which has the organizational and administrative apparatus and power to implement these tasks.
Digital transformation of municipal government: directions of development
Authors: Demoshenko Henadii
Published: September 2020

Digitalization has become a global trend and covers all spheres of public life. It does not miss the field of municipal government, where the development and development of digital technologies are associated with opportunities to achieve significant results in community development. The purpose of the work is to determine the directions of digitalization of municipal government in Ukraine.Some important areas of digital transformation of municipal government and "breakthrough" digital technologies that should ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of municipal services are identified.It is concluded that the digitalization of municipal government will increase its effectiveness. The success of digitalization of municipal government will depend on the extent to which it takes into account the universal requirements for results-based management.
Using of publicly available cloud services for distance learning of public servants
Authors: Kandziuba Sergiy
Published: September 2020

Traditional methods, tools and forms of training of civil servants require a significant number of additional highly qualified teaching staff, an increase in the number of educational institutions for training, retraining and advanced training, frequent and long absences from work. All this is time and money, which our country is very short of.The way out of this situation is a large-scale transition to a qualitatively new level of full-time and part-time education - distance education.The experience of the NAPA DRID shows that the use of the G Suite for Education package allows to quickly and efficiently create a single information and educational space for training and retraining of public servants in the region.
Digital competences in the system of key human competences for lifelong learning: development trends in Europe and Ukraine
Authors: Novichenko Nadiya
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study is to determine the correspondences and differences in the field of vision of digital competencies in the system of lifelong learning in the EU and in Ukraine based on the analysis of strategic legal documents. Technological progress, having reached the digital stage of its development, has set society the task of digital transformation of the whole way of social and economic life. In particular, this applies to the need for each person to master digital skills and abilities, ie what can be determined by digital human competencies. It is concluded that there are significant differences in the vision of digital competencies in the EU and Ukraine. Due to the need to revise strategic documents on digital development in both the EU and Ukraine, it is necessary to synchronize digital standards in the economic and technological spheres and approaches to people's digital competencies.
Use of a digital network of public services in the process of assessing the capacity of local communities
Authors: Korniievskyi Sergiy
Published: September 2020

The paper considers the creation and use of digital networks of public services in the process of assessing the ability of newly created territorial communities to provide these services. It is determined that the vast majority of indicators of the passport structure of the affluent territorial community correlate with the data of networks of public services. This allows the use of this data in the process of assessing the ability of the newly formed united territorial communities to provide the population with a full range of quality public services.