bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Welfare chauvinism in times of crises: The impact of the radical right political discourse
Authors: Haenraets Rosan , Roosma Femke
Published: January 2024

This article examines the impact of the radical right political discourse on welfare chauvinistic attitudes over time. Using data from two rounds of the European Social Survey (2008/09 and 2016/17), the Comparative Political Data Set and the Manifesto Project for 17 European countries, our analyses show that radical right mobilization and the salience of political rhetoric framed on cultural diversity and immigration issues have a significant positive effect on welfare chauvinist attitudes. Although in the years after the Great Recession and the refugee crisis, welfare chauvinism remained fairly stable among the general European public, the influence of radical right mobilization and negative political discourse on welfare chauvinism has significantly increased. Furthermore, we find that when radical right parties become stronger and the political rhetoric regarding cultural diversity and immigration becomes more salient, differences in welfare chauvinist attitudes between people with different political affiliations become more polarized. These results contribute to a broader understanding of the mechanisms underlying welfare chauvinistic attitudes and mark the importance of the inclusion of political factors in studies on welfare chauvinism.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased risk of mortality and acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19 hospitalization: Insights from a National Inpatient Sample analysis
Authors: Akhlaq Anum , Aamer Sameen , Hasan Khawaja Muthammir , Muzammil Taimur Sohail , Sohail Amir Humza , Quazi Mohammed A , Khan Muhammad Salman , Sheikh Abu Baker
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health, especially for patients with chronic diseases that may compromise the immune system. This study investigates the association between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods

Data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) were analyzed to create a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 hospitalizations, comparing patients with and without SLE. Propensity-score matched analysis was conducted to assess the association between SLE and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 hospitalizations.

Results

The study included over a million COVID-19 hospitalizations, with approximately 0.5% having a secondary diagnosis of SLE. The SLE-COVID hospitalizations were predominantly female and younger, with a median age of 57.2, while the non-SLE-COVID group had a median age of 64.8 years. Comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, liver disease, and others were more prevalent in the SLE-COVID group. Patients with SLE and COVID-19 had a significantly higher incidence of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis than those without SLE. In-hospital mortality was higher in the SLE group, particularly in the 18–44 year age group (6.15% vs 2.47%, p = .022).

Conclusion

COVID-19 patients with SLE are at an increased mortality risk, especially in the younger age group, and a higher incidence of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. The elevated risk of adverse outcomes underscores the vulnerability of SLE patients to COVID-19. These findings emphasize the importance of special precautions and patient education for individuals with SLE to mitigate the risks associated with COVID-19.
Aspirations and Challenges of Space Techno-Science in Global Semi-Peripheries: A View from Kazakhstan
Authors: Bekus Nelly , Medeuov Zhomart
Published: January 2024

This article contributes to the emerging scholarship on space programmes developed by nations across global semi-peripheries, and it uncovers the major factors and challenges shaping the outer space agenda both domestically and internationally. Drawing on the case of Kazakhstan, the article discusses how the development of the space industry has been accompanied by the government’s efforts to indigenise space techno-science, while public discourses promote a vision of space services as playing a key role in addressing some of society’s major problems. The article reflects on new challenges faced by emergent space nations like Kazakhstan in the context of the ongoing commercialisation of space services, which undermines the economic viability of investment in the national space infrastructure, such as satellites. The analysis of ongoing challenges and policy dilemmas reveals that space techno-science in the context of emerging space nations can be seen as an instrument serving to consolidate state sovereignty, as well as the ground where this sovereignty has been put to the test.
Chaos and comedy: The narrative of Samuel Turner III
Authors: Moerman Lee , van der Laan Sandra
Published: January 2024

The advent of World War I in Britain saw a politicisation of profit, heightened by pre-existing labour unrest, State intervention, industrial disruption and claims of profiteering. During this time, the prominent industrialist Sir Samuel Turner III (1878–1955) published two books on the role of business, and particularly profits, in society. As an example of contemporary media, we use these books to highlight how Turner conceptualised profits as representative of Britain's path to post-war success – a transition from darkness into light. We adopt narrative historiography and the genre of comedy to provide a framework for analysis. In doing so, we demonstrate how profit becomes a totalising and taken-for-granted concept representing both economic and social progress.
The best medicine: Lessons from health for policy randomistas
Authors: Leigh Andrew
Published: January 2024

The Australian Government has established the Australian Centre for Evaluation, with a mandate to conduct rigorous evaluations, including randomised trials. This approach draws heavily on the transformation of medicine. During the 20th century, medicine evolved into a discipline that is largely driven by evidence from clinical trials. Drawing appropriate lessons from health has the potential to substantially improve the equity and effectiveness of policymaking in Australia.
Organizational Supports for Practice Research: Illustrations from an International Practice Research Collaborative
Authors: Austin Michael J. , McBeath Bowen , Xu Bin , Muurinen Heidi , Natland Sidsel , Roose Rudi
Published: January 2024

Organizational support represents a critical driver of practice research projects. This analysis includes four international examples of such support (Norway, Finland, Belgium, and USA and China). The four studies capture the similarities and differences between university support and national government support. The analysis is placed within the context of defining practice research and the core components of organizational support. The findings emerged from presentations in a Practice Research Collaborative sponsored by the International Community on Practice Research in Social Work. The conclusion includes a discussion of a cross-case analysis along with the identification of implications for practice research studies in social work and affiliated professional disciplines.
Experienced and Inexperienced Staff: Exploring the Differences
Authors: Ewert Alan , Davidson Curt , Direnzo Amy , Frankel Jon
Published: January 2024

Background: The outdoor industry has experienced a number of problematic issues, one of the most prominent being staffing concerns related to hiring, retention, and burnout. Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between the level of experience, gender, and age on the selected variables of resilience, coping skills, mental toughness, levels of anxiety, job positivity, and burnout. Methods: This study used an electronic self-report instrument to measure the six variables. For simplicity, level of experience was measured as the overall length of time working in the outdoor industry. Findings: Results partially supported the hypothesis that level of experience can be linked to higher job positivity, lower anxiety, and higher levels of burnout. No significant relationship was found between level of experience and resilience, mental toughness, or coping. Gender and age did not moderate the relationships between experience and the outcomes of interest. Implications: The findings of this study suggest that experience in outdoor adventure programs may be associated with higher job positivity, lower anxiety, and lower levels of burnout among more experienced staff. These results highlight the importance of providing opportunities for individuals to gain experience in order to enhance their well-being and job satisfaction within outdoor adventure programs.
Investigating How Immersion Semester High Schools Promote Meaningful Experiences
Authors: Meerts-Brandsma Lisa , Spielvogel Bryn , Lambert Hilary , Sibthorp Jim
Published: January 2024

Background: Practitioners want to create meaningful experiences for youth because they provide positive benefits. Immersion semester high schools are likely to provide meaningful experiences. Purpose: This study sought to identify what types of activities are most meaningful to youth, whether activities are more meaningful in immersion semester high schools, and to determine which aspects of immersion semester high schools predict meaningfulness and whether this varies by emotional valence. Methods: Youth ( N = 261) provided 11,498 surveys (6,062 at program/5,435 at home) when they participated in an immersion semester high schools and when they were at home. They reported on the meaningfulness of experiences twice daily for 3 weeks in each context. Findings: The results showed that hanging out with peers was the most meaningful activity, that experiences in immersion semester high schools were more meaningful than at home, and that whereas higher levels of emotion predicted higher levels of meaningfulness regardless of how positive or negative the experience was, behavioral engagement was more predictive for positive experiences, whereas psychological engagement was more predictive for negative experiences. Implications: Immersion semester high schools can create more meaningful experiences than at home, especially those that are emotionally engaging.
Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Entrapment Scale in Iranian Adolescents and Its Relationship with Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Kulemarzi Mohammad Javad Bagian , Moosivand Mahboobeh , Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab
Published: January 2024

This explored key aspects of the Integrated Motivational Volition theory in adolescents, particularly during a period when they experience significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation. The authors focused on assessing the validity and reliability of the Entrapment Scale among Iranian adolescents. The sample included 623 adolescents. The authors evaluated the scale's reliability and validity. The analysis revealed that Entrapment Scale demonstrated strong internal consistency, indicating that it consistently measured the concept of entrapment. The relationships between Entrapment Scale scores and depression, anxiety, hopelessness, defeat, and suicidal ideation were also found to be significant. This suggests that Entrapment Scale is a valid tool for assessing entrapment in this context. We also determined an optimal cut-off value of 18 on the Entrapment Scale, which showed a high sensitivity of 98% in identifying those at risk of entrapment-related issues, with a specificity of 73.6% in correctly identifying those without such issues. The study confirmed the structure of the Entrapment Scale remains consistent with its original form when applied to the adolescent population. Overall, the findings indicate that the Persian version of the Entrapment Scale is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating entrapment among Iranian adolescents.
Investigation on the vibration localization of mistuned bladed disk with frictional contact
Authors: Liu Zhufeng , Wang Peiyu , Li Guojia , Xie Yonghui , Zhang Di
Published: January 2024

The mistuning phenomenon is commonly seen in the bladed assemblies of turbomachinery, leading to an unreasonably localized energy distribution that may increase the risk of high cycle fatigue and potentially cause blade failure. The friction coupling interaction is often introduced to attenuate the effect of excessive amplification on the structural vibration. To investigate the vibration localization of damped and mistuned bladed-disk system, a typical mistuning characterization is applied to an improved four-degree-of-freedom lumped parameter model to explicit the vibratory properties with coupled frictional contact. The statistical findings of natural frequency and modal localization factor are obtained by employing the Monte Carlo simulation to explore the influence of mistuned variance and coupled stiffness on the modal localization of free and damped bladed-disk system, respectively. The forced response sensitivity featured in the mistuned variance is quantitatively analyzed from the perspective of vibration localization and energy distribution by the nonlinear solution method. The influence of excitation order and normal load are further, respectively, discussed on the response localization level of the mistuned system. The results can provide fundamental knowledge of the impact of the mistuning pattern on vibration localization for the early design of the aeroengine.
A novel 3-DOF active vibration isolation method for TBM’s laser target
Authors: Hu Jinlong , Xie Zhe , Liu Yang , Zhu Guoli
Published: January 2024

In the process of full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunneling, pitch angle measurement accuracy of the laser target is greatly reduced by low frequency vibrations with large amplitude and multiple degrees of freedom. In order to improve pitch angle measurement accuracy of laser target under vibration, a three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) active vibration isolation system is designed in this paper. A plate-type voice coil motor with large air gap and large thrust is designed based on genetic algorithm. In order to increase damping of the vibration isolation system, an eddy current damper is designed by combining copper plate and permanent magnet of the voice coil motor. An active vibration isolation device for laser target was built by using the designed plate-type voice coil motor and eddy current damper, and the dynamic model of the system was established. Aiming at control and stability problems caused by the nonlinear factors, a High-Frequency sliding mode controller which can ensure system asymptotically stable is designed in this paper. A 1–30 Hz sinusoidal sweep excitation experiment was performed on a shaking table. The experimental results show that the active vibration isolation system has a good damping effect. The root mean square (RMS) of acceleration in Y direction can be attenuated by 90.5%, in Z direction can be attenuated by 95.8%. The active isolation system effectively attenuates the vibration transmitted to the laser target, and pitch angular fluctuation of the laser target is reduced by 75.8%. The designed active vibration isolation system improves the pitch angle measurement accuracy of the laser target.
Incidence of immune-related adverse events in U.S. veterans treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Krall Courtney , Tague Marshall , Lund Brian C
Published: January 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with potentially severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Emerging clinical practice reports have suggested higher incidence of irAEs in real-world settings than initially observed in phase III clinical trials. Objectives were to determine the incidence of irAEs associated with ICIs in a clinical population, the Veterans Health Administration, characterize their time to onset, and explore potential risk factors.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included patients from eight Midwest VA medical centers who initiated an ICI between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2022. Courses of incident prednisone therapy lasting at least seven days at a dose ≥ 20 mg/day were used to identify irAEs, within two years following ICI initiation. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore potential irAE risk factors.

Results

Of 1314 patients, the incidence of irAEs was 19.8%, with most (86.5%) occurring within one year of ICI initiation. Monthly incidence rates peaked three months following ICI initiation at 3.0% and decreased thereafter. Female gender (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–4.00) and combination therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab (HR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.44–4.21) were significantly associated with irAE incidence.

Conclusions

These findings are consistent with recent studies in clinical populations that demonstrate higher irAE incidence rates than originally reported in clinical trials. Our findings may enhance prompt recognition and treatment of irAEs for VA patients.
Evaluation of physicochemical, textural, and microbial characteristics of probiotic soy cheese during storage: Generation and isolation of bioactive peptides
Authors: Mashayekh Somayeh , Pourahmad Rezvan , Akbari-Adergani Behrouz , Eshaghi Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to ascertain how probiotic culture affected the physicochemical, textural, and microbiological characteristics of probiotic soy cheese during storage. Moreover, the release of bioactive peptides during fermentation and storage was examined. Each cheese sample was made from one of the probiotic cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium lactis. Peptide extracts were prepared from these samples and fractionated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The sample containing L. acidophilus had the highest dry matter and hardness. The samples with L. acidophilus and B. lactis, respectively, had the highest concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid. During storage the acidity, dry matter, lactic acid, acetic acid, and hardness of the samples increased but the pH, springiness, and cohesiveness reduced ( P < 0.05). All samples had a probiotic count greater than 107 CFU/g at the end of the storage. Antibacterial and antioxidant properties were found in the peptide fractions that were extracted from the samples. T2F4 (the fourth fraction separated from L. casei sample) had the greatest functional properties. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the existence of peptide with a molecular mass of 5–10 kDa. Therefore, produced cheese is regarded as a suitable source of potentially bioactive peptides which can be utilized in food industry.
Place and Youth Political Action: How Place Shapes Political Action in Rural Sweden
Authors: Adolfsson Maja
Published: January 2024

There are important gaps in the research on youth political action due to a lack of attention to the roles of place and the experiences of young people in rural places. To address these gaps, this article presents findings from intensive interviews with 15 young people (aged between 16 and 29 years) who identified as politically/socially engaged and lived or had recently lived in a rural place in Sweden. Analysis of their responses, based on constructivist-grounded theory, shows that place dimensions shaped three social processes of young people’s political action: engaging in politics in (rural) places, finding recognition as political actors in (rural) places and negotiating political belonging in relation to (urban) places. By linking these processes with Agnew’s three-dimensional understanding of place, the analysis provides novel insights into how various dimensions of place shape crucial social processes of youth political action.
Participation Rights in Youth Sport: Voices of Young Swedish Equestrians
Authors: Waerner Therese , Jakobsson Britta Thedin , Morgan Karin , Redelius Karin
Published: January 2024

The Convention on the Rights of the Child states that all children and young people have the right to have a voice in matters concerning them, in accordance with age and maturity. In the endeavour to make youth sport a safe place free from abuse and harassment, it is crucial to ensure that young athletes can exercise their participation rights. Drawing from an online study involving over 550 Swedish young equestrians aged 15–17, the aim was to investigate whether and in what ways young equestrians can make their voices heard. The results show that the possibility to have a voice is conditioned by sociocultural factors such as what type of stable the youths are active in. The results are analysed from ‘The ladder of participation’. In sum, social interaction and access to horses are important conditions for how young equestrians experience the possibility to have a voice.
Phylogenetic Characterization of Resistant Salmonella Strains in Typhoid Fever Patients in Nigeria
Authors: Orole Olukayode Olugbenga , Lamini Jebes Ngolo , Chuku Aleruchi
Published: January 2024

Salmonella species are Enterobacteriaceae associated with typhoid fever. In this study, the distribution of broad-spectrum β-lactamase regulatory genes and genetic relatedness of isolates was determined. Stool samples (400) were collected from patients with fever in Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital (DASH), Lafia, Nigeria, between March 2020 and April 2021. Salmonella species were isolated and extended-spectrum β-lactamase distribution was determined among resistant isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genetic relatedness of Salmonella species resistant to the 10 first-line antibiotics administered was determined among S typhi isolated. Of the 60 isolates that were confirmed to belong to the genus Salmonella, 12 (20.0%) isolates with bla SHV genes were the most prevalent, blaOXA-1 and blaCTX-M-9 were present in 5 isolates each, while blaCTX-M-4 and blaTEM genes with a prevalence of 1.7% each were the least obtained in the isolates. Two isolates had a multidrug-resistant index (MDRI) of 1, and 2 others were positive with the S typhi staG gene. Sequencing to determine their diversity showed that isolates ST36 and ST138, respectively, had MDRI = 1 and are clustered in a group with a similarity coefficient of 0.00634. The 2 isolates had the highest genetic similarity, which indicates that the genetic diversity between the isolates is low, while Salmonella strain ST313L2 had a high level of genetic distance from the other isolates. The most resistant isolates are closely related which calls for concern.
Investigation of nanoparticle diameter influences on performance of hydrodynamic journal bearings operating with nanolubricant
Authors: Dal Abdurrahim
Published: January 2024

The nanolubricant's effectiveness on the bearings’ performance depends on the types of nanoparticles, volume ratio, and their size and/or diameter. Although the nanolubricant influences on the characteristics of the journal bearings are well known, cost-effective solutions for using nanolubricants, have continued to need in industrial applications. Because the nanoparticle's diameter plays a key role in the fluid with nanoparticle additives, research on its effect is important for hydrodynamic journal bearing. In this work, the nanoparticle diameter impacts on the characteristics of the hydrodynamic journal bearings are investigated with under thermal effects. At first, four hydrodynamic journal bearings have different parameters such as radial clearance and bearing length–diameter ratio are considered and designed. Then, the lubricant flow through the radial clearance is modeled with Dowson's equation. Besides, the temperature field in the journal and the lubricant are governed by the heat conduction and energy equations, respectively. The physical and thermal properties of the nanolubricant are expressed by considering nanoparticle diameter and the volume ratio. Then, an algorithm is developed to solve the mathematical models based on the finite difference method. Finally, a serial simulation is conducted under different nanoparticle diameters and operational conditions. When the nanoparticle diameter becomes small, the temperature and pressure values of the nanolubricant, load capacity, and stiffness increase.
The Queens’ gambit: Women leadership, gender expectations, and interstate conflict
Authors: Omelicheva Mariya Y , Carter Brittnee
Published: January 2024

If more women were put in states’ leadership positions, would there be fewer militarised interstate disputes? The findings of this study suggest an affirmative answer to this question but for reasons that are different from the arguments associating women with peace. We derive our expectations from the ‘role incongruity’ perspective detailing the impact of gender stereotypes on individuals’ assessment of leaders and their decisions. Due to gendered expectations of leadership, ‘role incongruity’ can contribute to the escalation of militarised disputes in state dyads where one leader is male and the other is female, but its impact is mitigated in joint women-led state dyads. Our contributions to the scholarship on gender and conflict lie in illuminating theoretically how the threats arising from gender stereotypes can be reduced in all-women dyads and testing this relationship on state dyads between years 1966 and 2014.
Remembered belonging: encounters with the spectral more-than amidst landscapes of decline
Authors: Newman Milo
Published: January 2024

Recent literature in cultural geography, and elsewhere, has productively applied a spectral lens to the subject of extinction, revealing its hauntological aspects. In this article I expand on this, exploring the spectral effects of the diminishments that precede extinction. This is articulated via an extinction story detailing the steep decline in numbers of arctic terns (pickies) returning to the island of Papa Westray in Orkney, Scotland, to breed. Drawing on memories of their past abundance, this narrative discloses how the spectre of these birds’ waning numbers haunts the island’s places and more-than-human inhabitants. Through the specifics of this example I develop a conceptualisation of the spectral more-than that lies at the heart of such decline, revealing how the ghosts invoked by extinction and biotic diminishment multiply across the relational complexity of local ecology.
Open up! An appeal for dialog between scholars of corporate political activity and open strategy
Authors: Barron Andrew , Coulombel Philippe
Published: January 2024

We cross-fertilize insights from corporate political activity and open-strategy literature to propose a research agenda on open political strategy—or greater participation and visibility in firms’ actions aimed at shaping public policy. Incorporating ideas from open-strategy research, corporate political activity scholars can upgrade knowledge about firms’ political actions, and ensure their theorizing keeps pace with contemporary practice. Considering the specificities of corporate political activity, open-strategy scholars can extend the boundaries of their field, and generate fresh insights into how firms open up strategy in contexts previously unexplored. Through a more critical reading of open political strategy, we also raise broader questions—addressing its repercussions for broader society—that should chime more generally with scholars of strategy and organization, especially those interested in firms’ strategic responses to institutional pressures, and the “dark sides” of strategizing and organizing.
The need for Hispanic cultural competency in drug abuse treatment training programs: An empirical and ethical evaluation of US universities
Authors: Fish Veronica
Published: January 2024

Ethical clinical practice requires cultural competency. In the United States, Hispanics report stronger attitudinal barriers to drug abuse treatment than any other racial/ethnic group. Hispanics report feeling that drug abuse treatment providers do not understand their unique cultural needs and are unfamiliar with their experiences of discrimination and immigration. Using this case study to explore broader ethical and policy issues, this study investigates the extent to which US universities train counselors to address the culturally specific needs of Hispanic patients and how this is reflected in practice in Los Angeles County. Based on a content analysis of the required courses, syllabi, and course descriptions at 30 universities related to culture/race/racism/ethnicity/diversity at the undergraduate and graduate levels on the addiction therapist track, and thematic analysis of eight in-depth interviews with counselors working in outpatient rehabilitation centers in Los Angeles, I argue that cultural competency education for drug abuse counselors is too surface level and infrequent to adequately prepare students for a career in addiction counseling for Hispanic clients. Significant changes must be made to how cultural diversity is valued and prioritized in the field of psychology to provide better care for Hispanic people with a substance use disorder and fulfill the moral obligation to eliminate this health disparity. Although this study focuses on counselors in Los Angeles, these findings are relevant for professionals and healthcare systems across the United States and beyond who seek to provide equitable and effective care for Hispanic patients.
Navigating the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences and self-management approaches adopted by people with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Tikellis Gabriella , Corte Tamera , Glaspole Ian N , Goh Nicole S L , Khor Yet H , Wrobel Jeremy , Symons Karen , Fuhrmeister Lisa , Glenn Laura , Chirayath Shiji , Troy Lauren K , King Bill , Holland Anne E
Published: January 2024

Background

People with interstitial lung disease (ILD) were deemed more vulnerable to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and isolated as a means of reducing risk of infection. This study examined the impact of the pandemic on daily life, psychological wellbeing and access to healthcare and identified approaches undertaken to remain safe.

Methods

Four specialist clinics in tertiary centres in Australia (Victoria: two sites; New South Wales: one site; Western Australia: one site) recruited patients with ILD during an 8-week period from March 2021. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with transcripts analysed using principles of grounded theory.

Results

Ninety participants were interviewed between April and December 2021. Participants were predominantly female, former smokers with an average age of 66 years. IPF and connective tissue-ILD being the most common subtypes. Five main themes were identified: vulnerability reduced social interaction and isolation, access to healthcare services and support, staying active, emotional and psychological impact. Self-management strategies included staying active both physically and mentally.

Discussion

Self-management was key to managing the impact of the pandemic. In combination with advances in technology, implementation of strategies for monitoring wellbeing and support for self-management provides an opportunity to leverage the lessons learnt to ensure a more individualised model of care for people with ILD.
The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on College Student Stress and Well-being
Authors: Underwood Jennifer W. , Conley Abigail H. , Waters J. Mitchell
Published: January 2024

This quantitative study explored the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and college student stress and well-being, including the impacts of gender identity and sexual orientation. Participants were undergraduate students ( n = 760) who answered survey questions related to stress, well-being, and ACEs as part of a larger campus climate survey. Researchers found that number of ACEs and gender identity/sexual orientation were independently associated with stress. Having more ACEs was significantly associated with higher stress scores. LGBTQ + participants had the highest stress scores, followed by cisgender heterosexual women and cisgender heterosexual men. Well-being was not significantly associated with ACEs or gender identity/sexual orientation. Results of the study have implications for college student retention. The high prevalence of ACEs and stress indicates the need for services that help students manage stress and increase well-being to improve their ability to persist and succeed in college.
Impact of a Less Than 50% Residual Stenosis Following Vessel Preparation in Femoropopliteal Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Tomoi Yusuke , Soga Yoshimitsu , Imada Kazuaki , Sakai Nobuaki , Katsuki Tomonori , Ando Kenji
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Drug-coated balloon (DCB) has been established as first-line therapy in femoropopliteal (FP) intervention, and successful vessel preparation (VP) is considered a key element. However, the clinical impact of successful VP remains unknown. This retrospective study examined the clinical impact of successful VP in DCB FP intervention.

Methods:

In total, 268 patients (308 limbs) who underwent successful FP intervention using DCB without atherectomy devices for symptomatic lower extremity artery disease between March 2018 and December 2019 were included in this study (high-dose DCB: 69.8%; low-dose DCB: 30.2%). Successful VP was defined as <50% residual stenosis and <dissection grade D before DCB (the successful VP group). The primary outcome measure was primary patency, and its associated factors were evaluated.

Results:

The median follow-up period was 2.1 (interquartile range=1.1-2.7) years. Successful VP was achieved in 163 patients (60.8%). Primary patency and freedom from clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) were significantly higher in the successful VP group than in the nonsuccessful VP group (54.2% vs 33.0%, p<0.001; 69.9% vs 57.7%, p=0.047). In the successful VP group, high-dose DCB and low-dose DCB were comparable in primary patency and freedom from CD-TLR (53.2% vs 53.6%, p=0.48; 68.7% vs 70.9%, p=0.69). In nonsuccessful VP group, high-dose DCB demonstrated numerically higher primary patency but not statistically significant than low-dose DCB (44.5% vs 16.0%, p=0.06), whereas no significant difference in freedom from CD-TLR was observed (56.0% vs 58.9%, p=0.29). On multivariate analysis, successful VP and preballoon size to reference vessel diameter ratio were significantly associated with primary patency.

Conclusions:

Achieving successful VP before DCB was independently associated with primary patency in DCB FP intervention.

Clinical Impact

This study revealed that the successful vessel preparation (VP) before DCB and preballoonsize to reference vessel diameter ratio were independently associated with primary patency in DCB femoropopliteal intervention. When successful VP was achieved only before DCB treatment, the clinical outcomes were comparable between high-dose DCB and low-dose DCB at midterm follow-up.To maximized DCB efficacy, successful VP is very important in daily clinical practice.
An Economic Approach to Sports Injury Policies
Authors: Cisyk Jeffrey , Courty Pascal
Published: January 2024

We propose an analysis of sports injury policies founded on the assertion that injuries are due to both uncontrollable risks (accidents from participating in sports) and controllable risks (athlete's deliberate choices in risk-taking). We compare the adoption decision of an injury policy made by: (a) a sport's organizer who maximizes welfare, (b) a sport's organizer who fails to account for athletes’ behavioral risk responses, and (c) the athletes themselves. We argue that policies that escalate risk, such as mandatory protective equipment, are over-adopted by the naïve sport organizer and the athletes, while policies that de-escalate risk, such as return-to-play rules, are under-adopted.
Enhancing the fire-resistance performance of composite laminates via multi-scale hybridisation: A review
Authors: Dalfi Hussein Kommur , Jan Khayale , Al-Badri Alaa , Peerzada Mazhar , Yousaf Zeshan , Parnell William , Morrison Neil , Bari Klaudio
Published: January 2024

Fibre-reinforced composites laminates (FRCLs) are employed in various applications such as in marine, aerospace, automotive, and civil industries due to their lightweight nature, design tailorability, and superior specific mechanical properties. However, they possess extremely low flame resistance mainly due to the inherent flammability of the polymer matrix. Various treatments have been applied to improve the fire resistance of FRCLs. In particular, hybridisation (fibre hybridisation and polymer hybridisation) is an important technique which is becoming very popular to enhance the thermal performance and flame resistance of FRCLs. This article is a comprehensive review of the recent developments that broadly cover the improvements in fire resistance of composite laminates via multi-scale hybridisation; the characteristics of thermal decomposition of FRCLs have been presented to comprehend the need for flame retardancy. Approaches for improving the fire resistance of FRCLs and thermal stability, both in polymer and in fibre systems, are discussed. Enhancing the fire resistance has been significant through additives to the matrix, use of flame-retardant modified fibres at interfacial regions and by way of multi-layered hybrid laminates besides hybridization at fibre, yarn and layer level. Finally, a review is presented on the modelling of fire resistance of composite laminates by considering thermo-mechanical models for the prediction of decomposition and failure of laminates at elevated temperatures.
Risk Factors for the Development of Persistent Scaphoid Non-Union After Surgery for an Established Non-Union
Authors: Patterson Ethan D. , Elliott Chloe , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Sayre Eric C. , White Neil J.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Between 2014 and 2020, candidates for scaphoid non-union (SNU) surgery were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial (Scaphoid Nonunion and Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound [SNAPU] trial) evaluating the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on postoperative scaphoid healing. At trial completion, 114/134 (85%) of these patients went on to union, and 20/134 (15%) went on to persistent SNU (PSNU). The purpose of this study was to use this prospectively gathered data to identify patient-, fracture-, and surgery-specific risk factors that may be predictive of PSNU in patients who undergo surgery for SNU.

Methods:

Data were extracted from the SNAPU trial database. The inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study were the same as that of the SNAPU trial. Nineteen patient-, fracture-, and surgery-specific risk factors were determined a priori. A stepwise multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for PSNU.

Results:

Three risk factors were found to be independently significant predictors of PSNU: age at the time of surgery, dominant hand injury, and previous surgery on the affected scaphoid. With every decade of a patient’s life, dominant hand injury, and previous scaphoid surgery, the odds of union are reduced by 1.72 times, 7.35 times, and 4.24 times, respectively.

Conclusion:

We identified three independent risk factors for PSNU: age at SNU surgery, dominant hand injury, and previous surgery on the affected scaphoid. The findings of this study are significant and may contribute to shared decision-making and prognostication between the patient, surgeon, and affiliated members of their care team.
Intra-arterial microguidewire electrocoagulation to treat intracranial vascular diseases
Authors: Wu Tao , Wu Yao , Li Zhao-liang , Yang De-hong , Chen Ai-lin , Dai Chun-gang , Zhu Qing
Published: January 2024

Objective

To investigate the therapeutic effect of intra-arterial microguidewire electrocoagulation on intracranial vascular diseases.

Methods

Data from 10 patients with cerebral aneurysms between May 2018 and September 2022 were analysed. Patients were treated with endovascular coil embolisation and microguidewire electrocoagulation. XperCT scans were conducted to identify new intracranial haemorrhage, infarction and hydrocephalus. Follow-up examinations were conducted 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge.

Results

After the patients received electrocoagulation for different durations, Raymond Grade 1 embolisation was achieved in all 10 patients. No complications, such as haemorrhage, infarction or hydrocephalus, were found during or after surgery. Ten patients were followed up for 6–12 months, and none had any symptoms or new neurological dysfunction 1 month after their operation. Among them, nine were followed up for 12 months, and digital subtraction angiography showed no recurrence of aneurysms or occlusion of parent arteries.

Conclusion

Intra-arterial microguidewire electrocoagulation can be used as a supplementary treatment for cerebral aneurysms. In cases of incomplete lesion embolisation and cases where tamponade treatment cannot continue, immediate thrombosis may occur. Thus, intra-arterial microguidewire electrocoagulation can help achieve patients’ treatment goals.
Safety and efficacy of dual antiplatelet drugs for stent-assisted embolization on risk of stroke and prognosis in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: One center results of CIAP-5 clinical trial
Authors: Wang Simin , Zhang Tongyu , Du Lei , Hu Peng , Ye Ming , Sun Liyong , Hong Tao , Li Guilin , Zhang Peng , Zhang Hongqi , He Chuan
Published: January 2024

Background

Although stent-assisted coiling embolization (SAC) has been associated with a higher risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications, the use of SAC continues to rise for treating ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIAs). This study aims to assess the safety and effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in the context of RIAs.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis at a single center, involving patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) between May 1, 2017 and December 31, 2021. Patients were categorized into two groups: the SAC group and the non-SAC (NSC) group. Patients in the SAC group received DAPT. We compared modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, along with hemorrhagic and ischemic complications, between the two groups to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DAPT for SAC.

Results

The study included a total of 541 patients, of whom 38 (7.0%) experienced hemorrhagic complications and 48 (8.9%) developed ischemic complications. Additionally, 99 (18.3%) and 84 (15.5%) had poor clinical outcomes at discharge and 6 months, respectively. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups. Our analysis revealed that aneurysm location in the posterior circulation was a significant risk factor for an unfavorable prognosis when antiplatelet drugs were used following SAC ( p = 0.025).

Conclusions

Administering antiplatelet drugs after SAC for RIAs has demonstrated both safety and effectiveness. However, caution should be exercised when considering this treatment strategy for RIAs located in the posterior circulation due to the potentially elevated risk.
“Re-Hooking” in the Field: Negotiating Power, Privilege, and Whiteness in Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Kraemer-Holland Angela
Published: January 2024

This paper outlines my experience as an early career researcher engaging with my power and privilege embedded in my white, English-speaking identity while working with Mexican American male-identifying research participants. Utilizing critical race theory as a framework, this paper chronicles my reflections on un/hooking from whiteness within the context of scholarly inquiry. Specifically, I draw inspiration from a qualitative research project to anchor the discussion of privileged epistemologies and power structures embedded in the inquiry process and academia more broadly, and how race can intersect with how we negotiate our roles, methods, and subjectivities as qualitative scholars. More broadly, this paper explores notions of knowledge and agency in educational inquiry against the question of whose stories are told, how, for whom, and by whom. This paper contributes to the conversation and efforts toward disentangling from whiteness and the epistemologies around which research, higher education, and society are structured to instead magnify the voices and experiences of participants through more egalitarian inquiry practices.
Modeling and analysis of static and dynamic behavior of marine towed cable-array system based on the vessel motion
Authors: Gharib Mohammad Reza , Heydari Ali , Salehi Kolahi Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2024

Towing cables are playing a key role in maneuverability of moving or submerged vessels and the supporting vehicles in the ocean. This investigation evaluates the tension strength of the various parts of the marine towing cable and its geometric form under various operating conditions. Thus, the governing equations of the problem are introduced and analyzed first, followed by an examination of the method of solving the problem. We evaluate the cable’s static and dynamic behavior under different operating conditions using a continuous cable method. Then, we introduce and analyze the governing equations of the problem. The static mode comprises three operating conditions: a two-dimensional mode for constant vessel length, a two-dimensional mode for constant hydrophone depth, and a three-dimensional mode for different vessel motion and seawater directions. Dynamic mode operating conditions include vessel acceleration, vessel rotation, and cable tightening. The results show that, if the velocity of the seawater flow is zero, changing the angle of the vessel motion has little effect on the tension force of the cable-array and the length of the cable in the steady-state. It is also found that assuming a constant depth of the cable-array, the maximum tension force of the cable will increase to almost 35 times. However, if the length of the cable-array remains constant, the maximum tension force of the cable increases by around 13 times as the vessel’s speed increases by 5 times.
Multi-objective optimization of kinetic facade aperture ratios for daylight and solar radiation control
Authors: Wagiri Felicia , Shih Shen-Guan , Harsono Kevin , Wijaya Deser Christian
Published: January 2024

This study explores the optimization of kinetic facades to promote environmental sustainability in building designs, addressing the critical issues of high energy consumption and CO2 emissions prevalent in the construction sector. The focus is on achieving an intricate balance between maximizing natural daylight and minimizing solar radiation using innovative kinetic facade designs. Parametric modeling tools are utilized in the design process to experiment with various facade configurations. The effectiveness of these designs is then validated using both digital and physical prototypes, with their adaptability to diverse climatic conditions evaluated through dynamic simulations. A key component of the study is the application of the Wallacei plugin for Grasshopper, which assists in multi-objective optimization to determine the most effective facade aperture ratios. The results demonstrates a substantial reduction in solar radiation levels, with a 70% decrease on the first floor and a 76% decrease on the seventh floor, achieved by optimizing aperture ratios. The study concludes that optimizing kinetic facades significantly improves building performance compared to traditional glass facades, offering an effective balance between daylight enhancement and solar radiation reduction, influenced by seasonal changes. It also emphasizes the importance of factors such as building height and the surrounding environment in facade design. Overall, the findings highlight kinetic facades as a viable solution for improving building efficiency and occupant comfort, suggesting a promising avenue for advancements in architectural design and construction.