bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Geometry on Harmonically Varied Helix Milling Tools
Authors: Sanz Markel , Iglesias Alex , Munoa Jokin , Dombovari Zoltan
Published: April 2020

Two different kinds of descriptions for edge geometry of harmonically varied helix tools are studied in this work. The edge geometries of the so-called lag and helix variations are used in this paper, and their equivalency is established from engineering point of view. The equivalent relation is derived analytically and the nonlinear algebraic system is described, with which the numerical equivalency properties can be determined. The equivalent description can be utilized in variable helix tool production to determine an optimized set of geometrical parameters of the edge geometry. The stability properties are shown and compared for a simple one degree-of-freedom case with the nonuniform constant helix tools. The robustness of the results related to the harmonically varied tools is critically discussed in this paper showing advantages compared to the nonuniform constant helix case. The results suggest that the more extreme the edge variation is, the more stable the process performed with the corresponding harmonically varied tool becomes.
Nonlinear Convective Flow of Magnetohydrodynamic Oldroyd 8-Constant Fluid in a Channel With Chemical Reaction and Convective Boundary Condition
Authors: Yusuf T.A. , Mabood F. , Gbadeyan J.A. , Adesanya S.O.
Published: April 2020

The present work concentrates on the two-dimensional steady incompressible flow of an Oldroyd-8 constant fluid between vertical plates influenced by a magnetic field. The cross diffusive and second-order chemical reactions are incorporated into the study. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to obtain the series solutions of the transformed system of nonlinear equations. The effects of these parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also investigated for various values of relevant parameters affecting the flow and heat transfer phenomena. The most relevant outcomes of the present study are that enhancement in magnetic field strength undermines the flow velocity, temperature, and concentration establishing thinner related boundary layer. Another important outcome is that an increase in the Dufour parameter upsurges the rate of heat transfer at the wall y = 0 while peters out at y = 1. Finally, the second-order chemical reaction parameter reduces the concentration distribution. The novel outcomes of this investigation will be helpful in the field of the aerosol technology.
A Theory and Model of Molten Salt Reactor Xenon Behavior After the Solubility Limit
Authors: Price Terry J. , Chvala Ondrej
Published: April 2020

Due to the circulating nature of the fuel, there is a qualitative difference between xenon behavior in a molten salt reactor (MSR) compared to a solid fuel reactor. Therefore, the equations that describe 135Xe behavior in a molten salt reactor must be formulated differently. Prior molten salt reactor xenon models have focused on behavior below a solubility limit in which the 135Xe is partially dissolved in the fuel salt. It is foreseeable that a molten salt reactor may operate with a concentration of gas dissolved in the salt sufficiently high such that no further gas may dissolve in the fuel salt. This paper introduces a theory of molten salt reactor xenon behavior for a reactor operating above the solubility limit. A model was developed based on this theory and analyses performed are discussed. Results indicate: (1) steady-state xenon poisoning is not monotonic with respect to gas egress rate, (2) a increase in gas ingress rate leads to a characteristic increase which is followed by a new steady-state in xenon poisoning, and (3) given a sufficient rate of gas egress, it is possible to remove the iodine pit behavior.
A quantitative grading system of vesicoureteral reflux by contrastenhanced voiding urosonography
Authors: Yi Huiming , Cui Xinwu , Cai Baohuan , Qiu Liru , Song Pengfei , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2020

Aims: Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) is a well-established imaging modality for the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). However, discrepancies of grading diagnosis of VUR exist due to the qualitative grading criteria currently used in clinics. This study aimed to evaluate numerical markers for a quantitative VUR grading system.Material and methods: CeVUS images of grade II-VVUR were analysed. A quantitative indicator, i.e. sectional area ratio (SAR), on the imaging section with maximum cross-section area and the presence of kidney hilum was calculated to distinguish different grades of VUR. The diagnostic performance of SAR was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and the maximum Youden Index was used to determine the optimal cut-off values.Results: A total of 63 patients with 126 PelviUreteral Units were enrolled. The SAR value increased significantly along with the increase of VUR grade. SAR had an excellent diagnostic performance in grading VUR. For differentiating VUR of grade II vs III, III vs IV and IV vs V, the area under the ROC curve values of SAR were 0.967, 0.943 and 0.865, respectively, while the optimal SAR cut-off values were 14.3%, 34.9% and 51.0%, respectively. The quantitative grading system based on the optimal SAR cut-off values showed excellent consistency with the qualitative grading system of VUR currently used in clinic.Conclusions: The numerical indicator SAR calculated from ceVUS may be used to establish a quantitative VUR grading system with excellent diagnostic performance and can potentially serve as a reliable tool for the evaluation and follow-up of VUR.
Analysis of permethrin treated fabric using ToF-SIMS
Authors: Zhou Chuanzhen , Stevie Fred , Garcia Roberto
Published: April 2020

Recent studies have shown that it is possible to use ToF-SIMS to identify and quantify mosquito insecticides, such as permethrin and deltamethrin, on mosquito netting. The insecticide in those studies was incorporated in the netting fiber. Permethrin treated fabric is in common usage to provide mosquito repellent clothing and is the only approved insecticide for apparel. The insecticide is applied to the fabric and will no longer be effective after a certain number of washing cycles. ToF-SIMS analyses have now been conducted on fabric composed of nylon and cotton before washing and after 10 and 30 washes to measure the reduction in insecticides. The results show a significant decrease in the insecticide between 10 and 30 washes. The 30 washes sample was known to be no longer effective against mosquitoes. ToF-SIMS was also able to differentiate cotton and nylon fibers. A cross-sectional analysis of cryomicrotomed samples showed the distribution of the insecticide in the individual fibers. The insecticide was found to penetrate completely through the fibers during its application. After ten washes, the insecticide was depleted more rapidly in the cotton than the nylon fibers. The results have implications for the number of acceptable washes for mosquito repellent fabric.
Atomic-layer etching of GaN by using an HBr neutral beam
Authors: Ohori Daisuke , Sawada Takahiro , Sugawara Kenta , Okada Masaya , Nakata Ken , Inoue Kazutaka , Sato Daisuke , Kurihara Hideyuki , Samukawa Seiji
Published: April 2020

In the gate-recess formation process, normally-off operation is achieved by removing the barrier layer by dry etching to reduce the two-dimensional-electron-gas concentration under the gate electrode. An atomic-layer defect-free etching of GaN is thus indispensable to achieve high-frequency, high-power, and normally-off operation. More-precise atomic-layer defect-free GaN etching was investigated by using an HBr neutral beam. This investigation found that the HBr neutral beam could achieve more-precise atomic-layer etching than the Cl2 neutral beam because the HBr chemistry can control the reactivity of atomic-layer etching by forming a thinner and less-volatile reaction layer.
Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period
Authors: Kissler Stephen M. , Tedijanto Christine , Goldstein Edward , Grad Yonatan H. , Lipsitch Marc
Published: April 2020

What happens next?

Four months into the severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, we still do not know enough about postrecovery immune protection and environmental and seasonal influences on transmission to predict transmission dynamics accurately. However, we do know that humans are seasonally afflicted by other, less severe coronaviruses. Kissler
et al.
used existing data to build a deterministic model of multiyear interactions between existing coronaviruses, with a focus on the United States, and used this to project the potential epidemic dynamics and pressures on critical care capacity over the next 5 years. The long-term dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 strongly depends on immune responses and immune cross-reactions between the coronaviruses, as well as the timing of introduction of the new virus into a population. One scenario is that a resurgence in SARS-CoV-2 could occur as far into the future as 2025.

Science
, this issue p.
860
A Genotype-Phenotype Correlation Study of SHV β-Lactamases Offers New Insight into SHV Resistance Profiles
Authors: Neubauer Svetlana , Madzgalla Sara , Marquet Mike , Klabunde Anne , Büttner Bernd , Göhring Alexander , Brandt Christian , Feller Karl-Heinz , Pletz Mathias W. , Makarewicz Oliwia
Published: April 2020

The SHV β-lactamases (BLs) have undergone strong allele diversification that has changed their substrate specificities. Based on 147 NCBI entries for SHV alleles,
in silico
mathematical models predicted 5 positions as relevant for the β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI)-resistant (2br) phenotype, 12 positions as relevant for the extended-spectrum BL (ESBL) (2be) phenotype, and 2 positions as related solely to the narrow-spectrum (2b) phenotype. These positions and six additional positions described in other studies (including one promoter mutation) were systematically substituted and investigated for their substrate specificities in a BL-free
Escherichia coli
background, representing, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive substrate and substitution analysis for SHV alleles to date.
Regulation of Virulence by Two-Component Systems in Pathogenic
Burkholderia
Authors: Schaefers Matthew M.
Published: April 2020

The regulation and timely expression of bacterial genes during infection is critical for a pathogen to cause an infection. Bacteria have multiple mechanisms to regulate gene expression in response to their environment, one of which is two-component systems (TCS). TCS have two components. One component is a sensory histidine kinase (HK) that autophosphorylates when activated by a signal. The activated sensory histidine kinase then transfers the phosphoryl group to the second component, the response regulator, which activates transcription of target genes.
Small-Molecule Acetylation by GCN5-Related
N
-Acetyltransferases in Bacteria
Authors: Burckhardt Rachel M. , Escalante-Semerena Jorge C.
Published: April 2020

Acetylation is a conserved modification used to regulate a variety of cellular pathways, such as gene expression, protein synthesis, detoxification, and virulence. Acetyltransferase enzymes transfer an acetyl moiety, usually from acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), onto a target substrate, thereby modulating activity or stability. Members of the
G
CN5-

N

-
a
cetyl
t
ransferase (GNAT) protein superfamily are found in all domains of life and are characterized by a core structural domain architecture.
Observational Cohort Study of Oral Mycobiome and Interkingdom Interactions over the Course of Induction Therapy for Leukemia
Authors: Robinson Sarah , Peterson Christine B. , Sahasrabhojane Pranoti , Ajami Nadim J. , Shelburne Samuel A. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Galloway-Peña Jessica R.
Published: April 2020

This report highlights the importance of longitudinal, parallel characterization of oral fungi and bacteria in order to better elucidate the dynamic changes in microbial community structure and interkingdom functional interactions during the injury of chemotherapy and antibiotic exposure as well as the clinical consequences of these interrelated alterations.
A Mutant RNA Polymerase Activates the General Stress Response, Enabling Escherichia coli Adaptation to Late Prolonged Stationary Phase
Authors: Nandy Pabitra , Chib Savita , Seshasayee Aswin
Published: April 2020

An important general mechanism of a bacterium’s adaptation to its environment involves adjusting the balance between growing fast and tolerating stresses. One paradigm where this plays out is in prolonged stationary phase: early studies showed that attenuation, but not complete elimination, of the general stress response enables early adaptation of the bacterium
E. coli
to the conditions established about 10 days into stationary phase. We show here that this balance is not static and that it is tilted back in favor of the general stress response about 2 weeks later. This can be established by direct mutations in the master regulator of the general stress response or by mutations in the core RNA polymerase enzyme itself. These conditions can support the development of antibiotic tolerance although the bacterium is not exposed to the antibiotic. Further exploration of the growth-stress balance over the course of stationary phase will necessarily require a deeper understanding of the events in the extracellular milieu.
Long-term change in the prevalence of intimate partner violence: a 20-year follow-up study in León, Nicaragua, 1995-2016
Authors: Ellsberg Mary , Ugarte William , Ovince Junior , Blackwell Alexandra , Quintanilla Margarita
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Although intimate partner violence (IPV) affects an estimated one out of three women globally, evidence on violence prevention is still scarce. No studies have measured long-term change in larger populations over a prolonged period.

Methods

The aim of this study was to measure changes in the prevalence of IPV in León, Nicaragua, between 1995 and 2016. The 2016 study interviewed 846 ever-partnered women aged 15 to 49 regarding experiences of physical, sexual and emotional IPV. These findings were analysed together with comparable data collected from 354 women in 1995. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was carried out on a pooled data set to identify differences between the two studies while controlling for potential confounding factors.

Results

Lifetime physical IPV decreased from 54.8 to 27.6 per cent (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.37; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.49) and 12-month prevalence of physical IPV decreased from 28.2 to 8.3 per cent (AOR 0.29; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.42), respectively. Similar decreases were found in lifetime and 12-month emotional IPV. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of lifetime sexual violence between the two time periods.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the reduction in IPV was not due to demographic shifts, such as increased education or age, but reflects a true decrease in the prevalence of IPV. The decrease is not likely to have occurred on its own, and may be attributable to multisectoral efforts by the Nicaraguan government, international donors and the Nicaraguan women’s movement to increase women’s knowledge of their rights, as well as access to justice and services for survivors during this time period.
Preventing sickness absence among employees with common mental disorders or stress-related symptoms at work: a cluster randomised controlled trial of a problem-solving-based intervention conducted by the Occupational Health Services
Authors: Keus van de Poll Marijke , Nybergh Lotta , Lornudd Caroline , Hagberg Jan , Bodin Lennart , Kwak Lydia , Jensen Irene , Lohela-Karlsson Malin , Torgén Margareta , Bergstrom Gunnar
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Common mental disorders (CMDs) are among the main causes of sickness absence and can lead to suffering and high costs for individuals, employers and the society. The occupational health service (OHS) can offer work-directed interventions to support employers and employees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on sickness absence and health of a work-directed intervention given by the OHS to employees with CMDs or stress-related symptoms.

Methods

Randomisation was conducted at the OHS consultant level and each consultant was allocated into either giving a brief problem-solving intervention (PSI) or care as usual (CAU). The study group consisted of 100 employees with stress symptoms or CMDs. PSI was highly structured and used a participatory approach, involving both the employee and the employee’s manager. CAU was also work-directed but not based on the same theoretical concepts as PSI. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, at 6 and at 12 months. Primary outcome was registered sickness absence during the 1-year follow-up period. Among the secondary outcomes were self-registered sickness absence, return to work (RTW) and mental health.

Results

A statistical interaction for group × time was found on the primary outcome (p=0.033) and PSI had almost 15 days less sickness absence during follow-up compared with CAU. Concerning the secondary outcomes, PSI showed an earlier partial RTW and the mental health improved in both groups without significant group differences.

Conclusion

PSI was effective in reducing sickness absence which was the primary outcome in this study.
Anion influences on the structures of pyridyl-iminosulfonate copper(II) complexes and their reactivity in Chan–Lam couplings
Authors: Duparc Valérie Hardouin , Thouvenin Alexandre , Schaper Frank
Published: April 2020

Reaction of pyridylcarbaldehyde with taurine or orthanilic acid in the presence of copper salts provided copper complexes (PyC(H)N-CxHy-SO3)CuX with X = chloride, nitrate, acetate, or triflate and CxHy = o-C6H4 or C2H4. All complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and formed either mononuclear water adducts, dimeric complexes, or one-dimensional coordination polymers. Activities in the Chan–Lam coupling of aniline with phenylboronic acid varied by less than a factor of two between catalysts with various anions, supporting previous mechanistic claims that the anion does not participate in the formation of copper–boron intermediates. There is no difference in the performance of a catalyst with an alkyl backbone, indicating that sulfonate dissociation is not part of the catalytic cycle.
Discrete BFKL approach for photon–photon interactions at high energies
Authors: Goncalves Victor P. , Krumreich Cesar E. , Sauter Werner K.
Published: April 2020

A phenomenological study of the two-photon reaction within the discrete BFKL approach is performed. We estimate the BFKL amplitude in terms of a discrete set of eigenfunctions and use the HERA [Formula: see text] data to constrain the free parameters of the model. As a consequence, we derive a parameter free prediction of the energy dependence of the total [Formula: see text] cross-section and the Bjorken-[Formula: see text] dependence of the photon structure function. We demonstrate that the LEP data is quite well described by the discrete BFKL approach and that experimental data from the future [Formula: see text] colliders can be useful to constrain the description of the QCD dynamics at high energies.
About this title - Cretaceous Climate Events and Short-Term Sea-Level Changes
Authors: Wagreich M. , Hart M. , Sames B. , Yilmaz I. O.
Published: April 2020

Sea-level constitutes a critical planetary boundary for both geological processes and human life. Sea-level fluctuations during major greenhouse phases are still enigmatic and widely discussed in terms of changing climate systems. The geological record of the Cretaceous greenhouse period provides a deep-time view on greenhouse-phase Earth system processes that facilitates a much better understanding of the causes and consequences of global, geologically short-term, sea-level changes. In particular, Cretaceous hothouse periods can serve as a laboratory to better understand a near-future greenhouse Earth. This volume presents high-resolution sea-level records from globally distributed sedimentary archives of the Cretaceous involving a large group of scientists from the International Geoscience Programme IGCP 609. Marine to non-marine sedimentary successions were analysed for revised age constraints, the correlation of global palaeoclimate shifts and sea-level changes, tested for climate-driven cyclicities, and correlated within a high-resolution stratigraphic framework of the Geological Timescale. For hothouse periods, the hypothesis of significant global groundwater-related sea-level change, i.e. aquifer-eustasy as a major process, is reviewed and substantiated.
Functionalized Silicon Electrodes in Electrochemistry
Authors: Gonçales Vinicius R. , Lian Jiaxin , Gautam Shreedhar , Tilley Richard D. , Gooding J. Justin
Published: April 2020

Avoiding the growth of SiOx has been an enduring task for the use of silicon as an electrode material in dynamic electrochemistry. This is because electrochemical assays become unstable when the SiOx levels change during measurements. Moreover, the silicon electrode can be completely passivated for electron transfer if a thick layer of insulating SiOx grows on the surface. As such, the field of silicon electrochemistry was mainly developed by electron-transfer studies in nonaqueous electrolytes and by applications employing SiOx-passivated silicon-electrodes where no DC currents are required to cross the electrode/electrolyte interface. A solution to this challenge began by functionalizing Si–H electrodes with monolayers based on Si–O–Si linkages. These monolayers have proven very efficient to avoid SiOx formation but are not stable for a long-term operation in aqueous electrolytes due to hydrolysis. It was only with the development of self-assembled monolayers based on Si–C linkages that a reliable protection against SiOx formation was achieved, particularly with monolayers based on α,ω-dialkynes. This review discusses in detail how this surface chemistry achieves such protection, the electron-transfer behavior of these monolayer-modified silicon surfaces, and the new opportunities for electrochemical applications in aqueous solution.
New Diagnostic Approaches for Undiagnosed Rare Genetic Diseases
Authors: Hartley Taila , Lemire Gabrielle , Kernohan Kristin D. , Howley Heather E. , Adams David R. , Boycott Kym M.
Published: April 2020

Accurate diagnosis is the cornerstone of medicine; it is essential for informed care and promoting patient and family well-being. However, families with a rare genetic disease (RGD) often spend more than five years on a diagnostic odyssey of specialist visits and invasive testing that is lengthy, costly, and often futile, as 50% of patients do not receive a molecular diagnosis. The current diagnostic paradigm is not well designed for RGDs, especially for patients who remain undiagnosed after the initial set of investigations, and thus requires an expansion of approaches in the clinic. Leveraging opportunities to participate in research programs that utilize new technologies to understand RGDs is an important path forward for patients seeking a diagnosis. Given recent advancements in such technologies and international initiatives, the prospect of identifying a molecular diagnosis for all patients with RGDs has never been so attainable, but achieving this goal will require global cooperation at an unprecedented scale.
Pedigrees and Perpetrators: Uses of DNA and Genealogy in Forensic Investigations
Authors: Katsanis Sara H.
Published: April 2020

In the past few years, cases with DNA evidence that could not be solved with direct matches in DNA databases have benefited from comparing single-nucleotide polymorphism data with private and public genomic databases. Using a combination of genome comparisons and traditional genealogical research, investigators can triangulate distant relatives to the contributor of DNA data from a crime scene, ultimately identifying perpetrators of violent crimes. This approach has also been successful in identifying unknown deceased persons and perpetrators of lesser crimes. Such advances are bringing into focus ethical questions on how much access to DNA databases should be granted to law enforcement and how best to empower public genome contributors with control over their data. The necessary policies will take time to develop but can be informed by reflection on the familial searching policies developed for searches of the federal DNA database and considerations of the anonymity and privacy interests of civilians.
Social Networks and Cognition
Authors: Smith Edward Bishop , Brands Raina A. , Brashears Matthew E. , Kleinbaum Adam M.
Published: April 2020

Social network analysis, now often thought of simply as network science, has penetrated nearly every scientific and many scholarly fields and has become an indispensable resource. Yet, social networks are special by virtue of being specifically social, and our growing understanding of the brain is affecting our understanding of how social networks form, mature, and are exploited by their members. We discuss the expanding research on how the brain manages social information, how this information is heuristically processed, and how network cognitions are affected by situation and circumstance. In the process, we argue that the cognitive turn in social networks exemplifies the modern conception of the brain as fundamentally reprogrammable by experience and circumstance. Far from social networks being dependent upon the brain, we anticipate a modern view in which cognition and social networks coconstitute each other.
Urban Mobility and Activity Space
Authors: Cagney Kathleen A. , York Cornwell Erin , Goldman Alyssa W. , Cai Liang
Published: April 2020

Recent theoretical and methodological advances in urban sociology, including spatially located data, provide new opportunities to consider the joint influence of mobility and place in urban social life. This review defines the concept of activity space, describes its origins in urban sociology, and examines the extent to which activity space approaches advance sociological research in four substantive domains—spatial inequality and segregation, social connectedness and engagement, crime and offending patterns, and health and health-related behavior. It next describes the evolution of methods for location tracking and new approaches that hold promise for maximizing urban mobility and activity space contributions. It then discusses how location data may be augmented to enhance our sociological understanding of the structure, meaning, and implications of the places people visit or traverse in daily life. We close with new directions for activity space research, emphasizing how such work could enable comparative contextual research.
Ruthenium Electrodeposition from Water-in-Salt Electrolytes and the Influence of Tetrabutylammonium
Authors: Sides William D. , Huang Qiang
Published: April 2020

The use of water-in-salt electrolytes is evaluated for the electrodeposition of metallic ruthenium. The mechanisms of proton reduction inhibition by concentrated LiCl and dilute tetrabutylammonium is evaluated. Concentrated LiCl is found to disrupt the hydrogen bonding network within the solution bulk, whereas TBA is found to adsorb onto the electrode surface, blocking proton access. Ruthenium exists as a different complexed species in water-in-salt electrolytes vs dilute aqueous electrolytes, leading to a −300 mV shift in the deposition onset potential. Greater current efficiencies of Ru deposition can be obtained when depositing at proton overpotentials by the use of water-in-salt electrolytes, and TBA can offer further improvements. The grain structure and resistivities of Ru thin films are studied.
GABAergic input through GABAB receptors is necessary during a perinatal window to shape gene expression of factors critical to reproduction such as Kiss1
Authors: Bizzozzero-Hiriart Marianne , Di Giorgio Noelia P. , Libertun Carlos , Lux-Lantos Victoria
Published: April 2020

Lack of GABAB receptors in GABAB1 knockout mice decreases neonatal ARC kisspeptin 1 ( Kiss1) expression in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) in females, which show impaired reproduction as adults. Our aim was to selectively impair GABAB signaling during a short postnatal period to evaluate its impact on the reproductive system. Neonatal male and female mice were injected with the GABAB antagonist CGP 55845 (CGP, 1 mg/kg body wt sc) or saline from postnatal day 2 ( PND2) to PND6, three times per day (8 AM, 1 PM, and 6 PM). One group was killed on PND6 for collection of blood samples (hormones by radioimmunoassay), brains for gene expression in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus-periventricular nucleus continuum (AVPV/PeN), and ARC micropunches [quantitative PCR (qPCR)] and gonads for qPCR, hormone contents, and histology. A second group of mice was injected with CGP (1 mg/kg body wt sc) or saline from PND2 to PND6, three times per day (8 AM, 1 PM, and 6 PM), and left to grow to adulthood. We measured body weight during development and parameters of sexual differentiation, puberty onset, and estrous cycles. Adult mice were killed, and trunk blood (hormones), brains for qPCR, and gonads for qPCR and hormone contents were obtained. Our most important findings on PND6 include the CGP-induced decrease in ARC Kiss1 and increase in neurokinin B ( Tac2) in both sexes; the decrease in AVPV/PeN tyrosine hydroxylase ( Th) only in females; the increase in gonad estradiol content in both sexes; and the increase in primordial follicles and decrease in primary and secondary follicles. Neonatally CGP-treated adults showed decreased ARC Kiss1 and ARC gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( Gnrh1) and increased ARC glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 ( Gad1) only in males; increased ARC GABAB receptor subunit 1 ( Gabbr1) in both sexes; and decreased AVPV/PeN Th only in females. We demonstrate that ARC Kiss1 expression is chronically downregulated in males and that the normal sex difference in AVPV/PeN Th expression is abolished. In conclusion, neonatal GABAergic input through GABAB receptors shapes gene expression of factors critical to reproduction.
The Relationship between Insecure Attachment to Depression: Mediating Role of Sleep and Cognitive Reappraisal
Authors: Liu Yige , Li Hongfan , Xu Xiayue , Li Yukun , Wang Zhutao , Zhu Huan , Zhang Xia , Jiang Shan , Li Naling , Gu Simeng , Wang Fushun , Huang Jason H.
Published: April 2020

Previously, we have shown that neuromodulators are important factors in stress-induced emotional disorders, such as depression, for example, serotonin is the major substance for depression. Many psychological studies have proved that depression is due to insecure attachment. In addition, sleep is a major symptom of depression. Furthermore, serotonin is the substrate for both sleep and depression. To explore the role of sleep in the relationships between insecure attachment and depression, we investigated 755 college students with Close Relationship Inventory, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Self-rated Depression Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The results showed that (1) insecure attachment positively predicted poor sleep quality; (2) sleep quality partially affected depression, possibly due the same stress neuromodulators such as norepinephrine and cortisol; and (3) cognitive reappraisal moderated the mediating path leading from attachment anxiety to poor sleep quality. These findings highlight the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal in the effects of attachment anxiety on sleep quality and finally on depression. In conclusion, sleep quality links attachment anxiety and emotional disorders.
Is Tumor-Free Distance an Independent Prognostic Factor for Early-Stage Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer?
Authors: Oge Tufan , Comert Duygu Kavak , Cakmak Yusuf , Arık Deniz
Published: April 2020

There are many studies assessing the importance of myometrial invasion using a cut-off limit as 50% of myometrial invasion for endometrial cancer, and there are a limited number of studies evaluating tumor-free distance to the serosa. To evaluate the prognostic performance of tumor-free distance and percentage of myometrial invasion in patients with stage IB endometrioid endometrial cancer, we retrospectively evaluated 133 patients diagnosed and treated as stage IB endometrioid endometrial cancer. Tumor-free distance was assessed, and recurrence and recurrence-free survival were analyzed. Nine patients had recurrent disease (6.8%). Recurrence-free survival was 200 months. Two patients died because of malignancy. In the Cox regression model according to tumor-free distance, depth of invasion, and percentage of myometrial invasion, it was seen that none of these parameters were significant to predict the recurrence (p>0.05). In conclusion, tumor-free distance is not an independent prognostic factor for patients with stage IB endometrioid endometrial cancer.
Changes in the Rhythm of Speech Difference between People with Nondegenerative Mild Cognitive Impairment and with Preclinical Dementia
Authors: Meilán Juan J. G. , Martínez-Sánchez Francisco , Martínez-Nicolás Israel , Llorente Thide E. , Carro Juan
Published: April 2020

This study explores several speech parameters related to mild cognitive impairment, as well as those that might be flagging the presence of an underlying neurodegenerative process. Speech is an excellent biomarker because it is not invasive and, what is more, its analysis is rapid and economical. Our aim has been to ascertain whether the typical speech patterns of people with Alzheimer’s disease are also present during the disorder’s preclinical stages. To do so, we shall be using a task that involves reading out aloud. This is followed by an analysis of the recordings, looking for the possible parameters differentiating between those older people with MCI and a high probability of developing dementia and those with MCI that will not do so. We found that the disease’s most differentiating parameters prior to its onset involve changes in speech duration and an alteration in rhythm rate and intensity. These parameters seem to be related to the first difficulties in lexical access among older people with AD.
Determination of Young’s Modulus by Specific Vibration of Basalt and Diabase
Authors: Quaglio Osvail André , Margarida da Silva José , da Cunha Rodovalho Edmo , de Vilhena Costa Leandro
Published: April 2020

The elasticity is an important parameter for the evaluation of the mechanical behavior of a rock mass and a fundamental factor in the definition of the resistance characteristics, stability, and blastability in rock blasts, and it is an important parameter for the blastability equations like the Kuz–Ram method. This paper presents a comparison of the Uniaxial Compression Method (UCM) and the Impulse Excitation Technique (IET) in determining Young’s modulus. The IET is a static and nondestructive dynamic method of characterizing mechanical parameters of materials, while the UCM is a quasistatic and destructive method. We determined Young’s modulus of samples from nine basalt and diabase mines used as aggregates in the construction industry. Young’s modulus was determined by the acoustic response due to longitudinal oscillations caused by a mechanical impulse (IET) in the Sonelastic equipment and the stress‐strain curve (UCM). Young’s modulus values showed high repeatability and agreed with those reported in the literature for the same material. The work shows that the solnelastic is an innovate equipment and elucidated advantages of IET in comparison to the UCM such as shorter execution time, greater safety, and a lower cost ranging from 11.5% to 22.5% of the UCM.
A Fully Automated Adjustment of Ensemble Methods in Machine Learning for Modeling Complex Real Estate Systems
Authors: Alfaro-Navarro José-Luis , Cano Emilio L. , Alfaro-Cortés Esteban , García Noelia , Gámez Matías , Larraz Beatriz
Published: April 2020

The close relationship between collateral value and bank stability has led to a considerable need to a rapid and economical appraisal of real estate. The greater availability of information related to housing stock has prompted to the use of so-called big data and machine learning in the estimation of property prices. Although this methodology has already been applied to the real estate market to identify which variables influence dwelling prices, its use for estimating the price of properties is not so frequent. The application of this methodology has become more sophisticated over time, from applying simple methods to using the so-called ensemble methods and, while the estimation capacity has improved, it has only been applied to specific geographical areas. The main contribution of this article lies in developing an application for the entire Spanish market that fully automatically provides the best model for each municipality. Real estate property prices in 433 municipalities are estimated from a sample of 790,631 dwellings, using different ensemble methods based on decision trees such as bagging, boosting, and random forest. The results for estimating the price of dwellings show a good performance of the techniques developed, in terms of the error measures, with the best results being achieved using the techniques of bagging and random forest.
Tapentadol Prolonged Release for Severe Chronic Osteoarthritis Pain in the Elderly—A Subgroup Analysis of Routine Clinical Practice Data
Authors: Schwittay Andreas , Sohns Melanie , Heckes Birgit , Elling Christian
Published: April 2020

Background. Tapentadol prolonged release (PR) has been shown effective and generally well tolerated in a broad range of chronic pain conditions. This subgroup analysis investigated its benefits for elderly patients with severe chronic osteoarthritis (OA) pain in routine clinical practice. Patients and Methods. Data of all patients with chronic OA pain were extracted from the database of a prospective, 3-month noninterventional tapentadol PR trial. The data of elderly OA patients (>65 years of age; n = 752) were compared with the data of younger OA patients (≤65 years; n = 282). Results. Almost all patients (elderly 98.7% and younger patients 99.3%) had received long-term analgesic medication prior to the start of tapentadol PR treatment but presented with severe pain accompanied by considerable impairments in sleep quality and quality of life measures. Tapentadol PR provided effective pain relief in both patient groups, with slightly better outcomes in younger patients. However, the mean baseline pain intensity of 7.1 (SD 1.5) was reduced by 3.8 points (p≤0.001), and sleep and quality of life measures had also markedly improved in the elderly: quality of sleep by 3 points, quality of life by 3.4 points, social activities by 3 points, and independence by 2.7 points (p≤0.001 for all measures; 11-point scale). At the end of observation, 68% of the elderly had clinically relevant pain reductions of at least 50% (vs baseline), and 87.9% attained either their intended pain reduction target and/or an additional individual treatment target (both predefined during baseline examination). Only 8.4% of the elderly experienced adverse drug reactions, most frequently nausea (2.7% of patients) and dizziness (1.5%). Conclusion. Tapentadol PR provided effective and well-tolerated treatment of severe chronic OA pain for elderly patients in routine clinical practice. The favorable tolerability profile in particular suggests tapentadol PR as a treatment option before classical strong opioids are considered.
Human Organ‐Specific 3D Cancer Models Produced by the Stromal Self‐Assembly Method of Tissue Engineering for the Study of Solid Tumors
Authors: Roy Vincent , Magne Brice , Vaillancourt-Audet Maude , Blais Mathieu , Chabaud Stéphane , Grammond Emil , Piquet Léo , Fradette Julie , Laverdière Isabelle , Moulin Véronique J. , Landreville Solange , Germain Lucie , Auger François A. , Gros-Louis François , Bolduc Stéphane
Published: April 2020

Cancer research has considerably progressed with the improvement of in vitro study models, helping to understand the key role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer development and progression. Over the last few years, complex 3D human cell culture systems have gained much popularity over in vivo models, as they accurately mimic the tumor microenvironment and allow high‐throughput drug screening. Of particular interest, in vitrohuman 3D tissue constructs, produced by the self‐assembly method of tissue engineering, have been successfully used to model the tumor microenvironment and now represent a very promising approach to further develop diverse cancer models. In this review, we describe the importance of the tumor microenvironment and present the existing in vitro cancer models generated through the self‐assembly method of tissue engineering. Lastly, we highlight the relevance of this approach to mimic various and complex tumors, including basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous neurofibroma, skin melanoma, bladder cancer, and uveal melanoma.
Generating Function for the Figurative Numbers of Regular Polyhedron
Authors: Mihajlov Carević Miroslava , Petrović Milena J. , Denić Nebojša
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we are going to demonstrate a method for determining the generating functions of tetrahedral, hexahedral, octahedral, dodecahedral, and icosahedral figurative numbers. The method is based on the differences between the members of the series of the mentioned figurative numbers, as well as on the previously specified generating functions for the sequence ∑n≥0n+1xn and geometric sequence ∑n≥0xn.
Brain Medical Image Fusion Based on Dual‐Branch CNNs in NSST Domain
Authors: Ding Zhaisheng , Zhou Dongming , Nie Rencan , Hou Ruichao , Liu Yanyu
Published: April 2020

Computed tomography (CT) images show structural features, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images represent brain tissue anatomy but do not contain any functional information. How to effectively combine the images of the two modes has become a research challenge. In this paper, a new framework for medical image fusion is proposed which combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and non‐subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) to simultaneously cover the advantages of them both. This method effectively retains the functional information of the CT image and reduces the loss of brain structure information and spatial distortion of the MRI image. In our fusion framework, the initial weights integrate the pixel activity information from two source images that is generated by a dual‐branch convolutional network and is decomposed by NSST. Firstly, the NSST is performed on the source images and the initial weights to obtain their low‐frequency and high‐frequency coefficients. Then, the first component of the low‐frequency coefficients is fused by a novel fusion strategy, which simultaneously copes with two key issues in the fusion processing which are named energy conservation and detail extraction. The second component of the low‐frequency coefficients is fused by the strategy that is designed according to the spatial frequency of the weight map. Moreover, the high‐frequency coefficients are fused by the high‐frequency components of the initial weight. Finally, the final image is reconstructed by the inverse NSST. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using pairs of multimodality images, and the sufficient experiments indicate that our method performs well especially for medical image fusion.
Game Chromatic Number of Generalized Petersen Graphs and Jahangir Graphs
Authors: Shaheen Ramy , Kanaya Ziad , Alshehada Khaled
Published: April 2020

Let

G
=

V
,
E

be a graph, and two players Alice and Bob alternate turns coloring the vertices of the graph

G

a proper coloring where no two adjacent vertices are signed with the same color. Alice's goal is to color the set of vertices using the minimum number of colors, which is called game chromatic number and is denoted by

χ

g

G

, while Bob's goal is to prevent Alice's goal. In this paper, we investigate the game chromatic number

χ

g

G

of Generalized Petersen Graphs

G
P

n
,
k

for

k
≥
3

and arbitrary

n

,

n

-Crossed Prism Graph, and Jahangir Graph

J

n
,
m

.
A New Fault Diagnosis Method for Rotating Machinery Based on SCA-FastICA
Authors: Miao Feng , Zhao Rongzhen
Published: April 2020

When the rotary machinery is running, the vibration signals measured with sensors are mixed with all vibration sources and contain very strong noises. It is difficult to separate mixed signals with conventional methods of signal processing, so there are difficulties in machine health monitoring and fault diagnosis. The principle and method of blind source separation were introduced, and it was pointed out that the blind source separation algorithm was invalid in strong pulse noise environment. In these environments, the vibration signals are first denoised with the synchronous cumulative average noise reduction (SCA) method, and the denoised signals were separated with the improved fast independent component analysis (FastICA) algorithm. The results of simulation test and rotor fault experiments demonstrate that the novel method can effectively extract fault features, certifying its superiority in comparison with previous methods. Therefore, it is likely to be useful and practical in the fault detection area, especially under the condition of strong noise and vibration interferences.
A Part of the Medial Branch of the Deep Peroneal Nerve Distributes the Dorsal Pedis Artery and Its Distribution Area is Close to the Acupuncture Point LR3 (Taichong)
Authors: Umemoto Kanae , Naito Munekazu , Hatayama Naoyuki , Hirai Shuichi , Sakabe Kou
Published: April 2020

Cutaneous nerves have vascular branches (VBs) that reach the arteries and are thought to be involved in arterial constriction. We aimed to examine the anatomical and histological relationship between the VBs of a cutaneous nerve in the foot and the acupuncture point LR3 (Taichong), which is a depression between the base of the first and second metatarsal bones on the dorsum of the foot and is a source point of the foot. We examined 40 cadaver feet to assess the distribution areas of the VBs of the medial branch of the deep peroneal nerve (MBDPN). MBDPNs were distally followed to identify the point where the VBs reached the arteries. The distance between the point and LR3 was measured. Sympathetic fibers in the VBs were histologically observed using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining. The VBs of the MBDPNs reaching the dorsal pedis arteries were observed in all specimens (100%). The mean distance between LR3 and the point where the VBs of the MBDPN reached the arteries was 3.2 ± 2.6 mm. Among the VBs, 70% were distributed proximal to LR3. Moreover, TH‐positive fibers were present in the VBs. These findings revealed that a part of the MBDPN distributed the dorsal pedis artery and contained sympathetic fibers. We also found that the distribution area of the VBs was close to LR3. Our study provides anatomical evidence that LR3 is a specific area and its stimulation would be useful for treating peripheral circulatory failure.
New Hermite–Hadamard Type Inequalities for ψ-Riemann–Liouville Fractional Integral via Convex Functions
Authors: Sun Yining , Xu Run
Published: April 2020

This paper established some new Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for ψ-Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals via convex functions. As applications, we applied the inequalities to special means of real numbers and constructed inequalities for the beta function.
Dynamic Analysis of a Heterogeneous Diffusive Prey-Predator System in Time-Periodic Environment
Authors: Dai Chuanjun , Liu He , Jin Zhan , Guo Qing , Wang Yi , Yu Hengguo , Wang Qi , Ma Zengling , Zhao Min
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a heterogeneous diffusive prey-predator system is first proposed and then studied analytically and numerically. Some sufficient conditions are derived, including permanence and extinction of system and the boundedness of the solution. The existence of periodic solution and its stability are discussed as well. Furthermore, numerical results indicate that both the spatial heterogeneity and the time-periodic environment can influence the permanence and extinction of the system directly. Our numerical results are consistent with the analytical analysis.