bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF ASSOCIATIONS WITH THE WORDS «FRANCE» AND «THE FRENCH» IN THE FORMATION OF LINGUOCULTURAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS
Authors: Газилов Магомед , Gazilov Magomed
Published: September 2016

The article explores the associative array that arises with the words “France” and “the French” from the Russians and all the associations that arise with the word «la Russie» (Russia) from the French. For this purpose, we made a questioning among Russian and French students. The results of this questioning and analysis of correspondence at the youth forums in the social networks of France and Russia formed the basis of this study, which shows that the French think about Russians is much worse than we do about them. Despite this fact, the epoch, when the French mind associated Russias with a samovar and a bear, passes, however, the perception of our country is contrast. In Russia people think positively about France, more positively than the French about Russia. The study of associations, when the appearance of one object causes the image of another associated with it, can be important and useful in the learning process. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the study of associations and arising with them stereotypes is relevant in our turbulent times, when the relations of France and Russia are not going through the best stages of its development, and our research can help to understand and overcome the differences. In addition, the formation of students ‘ sociolinguistic competence will be successful if the study material on the topic happens by building associations, that will contribute to the development of associative thinking, speed up the process of memorizing information
CAMPING AS THE BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARAVANNING IN RUSSIA
Authors: Кунцевич Евгения , Kuntsevich Evgeniya , Морозов Валентин , Morozov Valentin
Published: September 2016

Currently auto-tourism (caravanning) is becoming increasingly popular. The main component of the caravanning industry is camping. The reasons for the increase in the popularity of camping are changing needs of tourists. Today, tourists change the traditional “passive” means of recreation for active and independent traveling. New technologies and trends, as well as the high competitive environment have allowed campsites to adapt to the needs of the market and implement tourism product in the form of specially equipped tourist areas with a huge number of services. Camping combines the comfort, security of residence based on modern quality standards, providing, thus, a low base rate. Camping combines a combination of different types of services: leisure and accommodation, availability of showers and toilets, point of waste disposal, individual connection to electricity and water, gastronomic services etc. This all adds up to a number of competitive advantages over “passive” activities. The very important point when studying and developing this trend in tourism is the question of the existence of certain requirements. There is a system of classification like system of classification of hotels and other accommodation facilities. Studying the experience of foreign countries, the authors conclude that the development of camping tourism in Russia will have a positive impact on increasing numbers of tourists, on the development of inbound and domestic tourism. In the current economic and political situation it is necessary. The authors raise the question of the relevance and necessity of development of camping tourism in Russia. They offer one of the most effective ways to improve attention and interest in this issue and the way to demonstrate the zonal structure of the camping site that meets all existing international standards and norms.
Modern Ultrasonic Methods for Residual Wall Thickness Measurements of Metal Products under Protective Coatings
Authors: Сясько  , Syasko Vladimir , Булатов  , Bulatov Сергей
Published: September 2016

With an increasing amount of work on residual thickness measurements of various metal products (petrochemical industry products, marine and bridge structures, transport infrastructure objects, etc.) the task of improving measurement performance is getting increasingly urgent. While measuring the residual wall thickness Hmet of coated metal products with the traditional ultrasonic methods, for example, probe-echo, a significant portion of time is spent to scrape a protective dielectric coating (most often paint) from the testing point and then to restore the coating after the measurements. In recent years the ultrasonic methods, which do not require the coating to be removed for measuring, are intensively developed. The optimal methods are the following: Echo-Echo, different Probe-Echo Coating (including the TopCOAT) and combined.

The article describes in detail the physical basis of the methods, block diagrams of two - and four-element double crystal transducers, time charts and algorithms for Hmet computing, which together enable the coating thickness value to be eliminated from the measurement results. The analysis of every method’s merits and demerits and the restrictions on its usage are given. The article also shows the ways to improve parameters of the equipment used for coated products testing as well as measures to increase the reliability of Hmet measurement results.
To the Question of the Metal Magnetic Memory Method Application for Stress-Strained State Determination of Metal Structures
Authors: Шубочкин  , Shubochkin Andrey , Ефимов  , Efimov Aleksey , Горкунов  , Gorkunov Eduard , Артемьев  , Artemev Boris
Published: September 2016

The article considers the possibility of using the MMM method for stress-strained state determination of metal structures. The problems of MMM method physical limitations are discussed; statistical data obtained from the real objects monitoring are presented. It is concluded that it is impossible to give any opinion about the object’s state (i.e. the object has or has not defects) on the basis of the MMM method results without confirmation it by any other NDT method because just absence of magnetic anomalies does not indicate that the stress-strained state of the object is absent or low. It is shown that the "contactless magnetometric diagnostics", which uses surface signal registration from defects leakage fields and from the areas with weak local magnetic irregularities, cannot be applied for pipelines diagnostics.
Automatic Flaw Detector Channels Sensitivity Adjustment with the Use of an Adaptive Threshold
Authors: Кисляковский  , Kislyakovsky Oleg , Чистякова  , Chistyakova Olga , Тарабрин  , Tarabrin Vladimir , Кононов  , Kononov Dmitriy
Published: September 2016

Introduction. With high-speed total ultrasonic testing (UT) of the rails, the urgent task is to provide the required testing sensitivity under the impact of a significant number of adverse factors caused by the following reasons:

 unstable acoustic contact;

 incorrect flaw detector channel settings due to underskilled staff;

 a misalignment, for example when passing a small radius curve or when rails have significant lateral wear.

The listed factors lead to level changing of echo signals within a wide dynamic range as well as to echo amplitudes ratio changing of useful and noise signals. In contrast to manual testing when an operator has the possibility of multiple scanning, total rails testing by a mobile diagnostic system is fulfilled by only a single scan.

The objective of the work was to develop an optimal algorithm of flaw detector channels sensitivity adjustment and formulate the reasonable requirements for a mathematical model and hardware.

Method. Theoretical researches and experimental work were conducted and resulted in the development of a multichannel flaw detector for inspection of rails by mobile means. The analysis of different mathematical models has enabled the optimal algorithm for automatic channels sensitivity adjustment to be developed.

Results. The developed algorithm has allowed minimizing the impact of the negative factors and compensating the sensitivity to the level that enables high-speed single-scan rails testing to be fulfilled and maximum information at a high level of reliability to be recorded. Implementation of the adaptive threshold principle has made it possible to develop and offer the technique and technology for automatic flaw detector channels sensitivity adjustment.

Conclusion. The offered technique and technology can be fully put into practice with the developed flaw detector and its control software.
Branch and Price and Cut for the Split-Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Linear Weight-Related Cost
Authors: Luo Zhixing , Qin Hu , Zhu Wenbin , Lim Andrew
Published: September 2016

This paper addresses a new vehicle routing problem that simultaneously involves time windows, split delivery, and linear weight-related cost. This problem is a generalization of the split delivery vehicle routing problem with time windows (SDVRPTW), which consists of determining a set of least-cost vehicle routes to serve all customers while respecting the restrictions of vehicle capacity and time windows. The travel cost per unit distance is a linear function of the vehicle weight and the customer demand can be fulfilled by multiple vehicles. To solve this problem, we propose an exact branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm, where the pricing subproblem is a variant of the resource-constrained elementary shortest path problem. We first prove that at least one optimal solution to the pricing subproblem is associated with an extreme delivery pattern, and then we design a tailored and novel label-setting algorithm to solve the pricing subproblem. Computational results show that our proposed algorithm can handle both the SDVRPTW and our new problem effectively.
Testing nerves: an overview of investigations for neuropathy
Authors: Hiew Fu Liong , Douis Hassan , Rajabally Yusuf A
Published: September 2016

This article reviews the main investigations available to assess and diagnose patients with neuropathy. It details the most commonly used as well as investigations now becoming routine in neuromuscular centres, and those which are less widely available. Current practice and recent developments are discussed.
Traumatic cervical spine fractures in the adult
Authors: Copley Phillip , Tilliridou Vicky , Jamjoom Aimun
Published: September 2016

This article reviews fractures of the cervical spine, highlighting the pertinent goals of initial management, the indications for different imaging modalities and the different fracture patterns. Basic principles of management of these different fracture patterns are outlined.
CattleReview
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: September 2016

Introduction:

This edition of Cattle Review considers papers on lameness, tuberculosis and the possible risk of bacterial resistance developing to chlorhexidine.
Ruminant post mortem examination
Authors: Harwood David
Published: September 2016

Post mortem examination can be an invaluable approach to investigating health and welfare issues in ruminant livestock species. This article gives an outline of the information required prior to embarking on such an examination, including carcase selection and suitability for examination. It then describes a suggested protocol to follow, to ensure that pathology is not overlooked. Sampling often creates problems and some best sampling practice techniques are described. The emphasis throughout (and the authors approach) is not to teach the reader to become a pathologist, but to suggest ways of adapting their clinical approach in the live animal to a post mortem approach in a dead animal! Private veterinary surgeons undertaking better post mortem examinations can provide the foundations for an improved veterinary surveillance system for the benefit of UK agriculture and its consumers.
Parents still face ‘uphill struggle’ to get satisfactory SEN support
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: September 2016

Despite far-reaching reforms, ‘too many wrong decisions’ are still being made by local authorities about SEN pupils' education and care
Co-curricular not extra-curricular
Authors: Bawden Matt
Published: September 2016

Our resident expert on character education, Matt Bawden, kicks off the year with a focus on mapping the many activities that promote students' personal development in school
Effective homework at KS3
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: September 2016

This term, Matt Bromley will be turning his attention to key stage 3, offering practical advice on a range of issues to help schools and teachers boost outcomes. He begins with a look at homework and the role it has to play during years 7 to 9
Pupil wellbeing: When to worry
Authors: Knightsmith Pooky
Published: September 2016

In a new series for SecEd, mental health expert Dr Pooky Knightsmith will be offering practical advice to teachers and school staff to help them safeguard their pupils' wellbeing
Feedback
Authors: Webb Helen
Published: September 2016

Feedback is continually reported to have significant impact on student progress. In this two-part article, teacher Helen Webb reviews some of the current literature and research to try and understand what makes feedback effective
ISAHP meeting in London, August 4 – August 7, 2016
Authors: Ferretti Valentina
Published: September 2016

The piece provides some highlights about the recent ISAHP which took place in London in August 2016
Chromium (III) Nitrate Nonahydrate: An Environmentally Benign and Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Facile One-Pot Biginelli Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-One/Thione Derivatives Under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Lashkari Mojtaba , Heydari Reza , Mohamadpour Farzaneh
Published: September 2016

The use of chromium(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Cr(NO3)3·9H2O) as an efficient, mild and economical catalyst for the one-pot three-component Biginelli synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one/thione derivatives in the reaction between β-keto esters (methyl or ethyl acetoacetate), aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehye derivatives) and urea or thiourea under thermal and solvent-free conditions with good yields and short reaction times is reported. The most benefits of this synthetic method include the use of an efficient, eco-friendly, inexpensive and non-toxic catalyst, as well as the solvent-free conditions. All products were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and melting point determination.
Relationship between linear velocity and tangential push force while turning to change the direction of the manual wheelchair
Authors: Hwang Seonhong , Lin Yen-Sheng , Hogaboom Nathan S. , Wang Lin-Hwa , Koontz Alicia M.
Published: September 2016

Wheelchair propulsion is a major cause of upper limb pain and injuries for manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Few studies have investigated wheelchair turning biomechanics on natural ground surfaces. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between tangential push force and linear velocity of the wheelchair during the turning portions of propulsion. Using an instrumented handrim, velocity and push force data were recorded for 25 subjects while they propel their own wheelchairs on a concrete floor along a figure-eight-shaped course at a maximum velocity. The braking force (1.03 N) of the inside wheel while turning was the largest of all other push forces (p<0.05). Larger changes in squared velocity while turning were significantly correlated with higher propulsive and braking forces used at the pre-turning, turning, and post-turning phases (p<0.05). Subjects with less change of velocity while turning needed less braking force to maneuver themselves successfully and safely around the turns. Considering the magnitude and direction of tangential force applied to the wheel, it seems that there are higher risks of injury and instability for upper limb joints when braking the inside wheel to turn. The results provide insight into wheelchair setup and mobility skills training for wheelchair users.
Fungal diversity of marine biofilms on artificial reefs in the north-central Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Salamone Amy L. , Robicheau Brent M. , Walker Allison K.
Published: September 2016

We present the first characterization of fungal community diversity of natural mixed-species biofilms on artificial marine reefs. Four artificial reefs in the Mississippi (MS) Sound, USA, representing low-profile (underwater) and high-profile (periodically air-exposed) conditions were sampled every 3 months over a 23-month period to investigate changes in fungal diversity within reef biofilms. Fungal presence was assessed via PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of fungal ribosomal DNA, and by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of fungal ITS regions – the latter being used to track variation in fungal community structure with respect to season, location, and reef profile type. Fungal communities were also characterized taxonomically through both morphological identification and phylogenetic comparisons of ITS gene sequences, with 36 fungal genera cultured from reef biofilms. Using a multivariate statistical approach, significant temporal and spatial differences in fungal biofilm communities were detected. High-profile reefs differed significantly in biofilm fungal community composition across the 10 sampling periods. This assessment of marine fungal biofilm communities over time provides novel insights into the fungal diversity present on artificial reefs in an understudied region, the north-central Gulf of Mexico.
Honey bee: a consumer’s point of view
Authors: Zavodna Lucie Sara , Pospisil Jan Zavodny
Published: September 2016

This article concerns the way bee products are perceived by customers. It is mainly focused on honey, which is considered the main output product of beekeeping. Beekeeping is a very popular activity in the Czech Republic. Based on current data there are over 48 thousand people engaged in beekeeping in the Czech Republic. Hand in hand with the increasing number of beekeepers the popularity of bee products - especially honey - among Czech consumers is also growing. Recently, the consumption of honey in the Czech Republic has been slightly increasing. A big problem today is that honey sold in Czech supermarkets is frequently falsified. At the same time, it is increasingly popular to buy honey directly from beekeepers. The aim of this research was to describe the situation about the honey market in the Czech Republic, and also to examine the relationship between consumers on the one hand, and honey/beekeepers on the other. We have also considered customer's trust in organic honey and honey sold in supermarket chains. Results show that consumers view bee products as generally healthy and prefer to buy bee products from a beekeeper because of greater convenience as locally sourced honey is perceived to be of higher quality. The majority of consumers agree with paying a higher price for a product of higher quality. The article confirmed the hypothesis that most people think that bee products sold by a beekeeper are healthier than those bought at ordinary shops.
Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in the treatment of lung cancer
Authors: Matikas Alexios , Aggelaki Sofia
Published: September 2016

In recent years major advances in the field of molecular profiling of non-small cell lung cancer led to the identification of targetable driver mutations and revolutionized the treatment of specific patient subsets. However, the majority of NSCLC tumors do not harbor these genomic events. On the other hand, current studies have confirmed an expanding role for immunotherapy in lung cancer and new agents, such as inhibitors of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have been introduced in the treatment armamentarium. The monoclonal antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab targeting PD-1 resulted in superior survival when compared to standard second line chemotherapy within the context of randomized trials and received regulatory approval. Moreover, several other anti-PD-L1 antibodies have demonstrated encouraging preliminary efficacy and multiple clinical trials in various settings during the disease trajectory are currently underway. Early immunotherapy trials have also illustrated the potential of PD-1 blockade in small cell lung cancer treatment, a disease for which major advances in systemic therapy are lacking. The currently available clinical data on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in lung cancer are summarized in this review.
Overview and management of toxicities of immune checkpoint-blocking drugs
Authors: Economopoulou Panagiota , Psyrri Amanda
Published: September 2016

Immunotherapy is considered to be the most important breakthrough in cancer management in the past few years. This success was based on the scientific understanding of immune mechanisms due to improvement in preclinical science and the introduction of new methods of investigation. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are among the most promising drugs in the field of immune-oncology; they represent monoclonal antibodies that modulate the effects of immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Cell Death protein 1 (PD-1), which are co-inhibitory signals responsible for immune suppression. Despite clinical benefits, ICIs are immune activating agents that are associated with a number of important side effects (immune-related adverse events-irAEs), attributed to organ-specific inflammation. Herein, we review the toxicities of ICIs, highlighting the importance of early identification and management.
Reinstating endogenous antitumor immunity: The concept of therapeutic management of cancer
Authors: Pistamaltzian Nikolaos F. , Perez Sonia A. , Baxevanis Constantin N.
Published: September 2016

Strong evidence points to the role of cancer immunoediting and tumor immune infiltrates in regulating cancer progression. By understanding the immune tumor microenvironment, we can now target key pathways that suppress endogenous antitumor responses, thereby re-instating such immune responses and identifying novel targets for immune therapies. Therapies targeting oncogenic pathways and checkpoint blockades turn on a new paradigm shift in immune-therapy for cancer with remarkable clinical efficacy seen in various malignancies. However, a lot of cancer patients will fail to respond and therefore, it becomes crucial to identify biomarkers to predict who of the patients will most likely benefit from these therapies.
Control strategy of maximum vertical jumps: The preferred countermovement depth may not be fully optimized for jump height
Authors: Mandic Radivoj , Knezevic Olivera M. , Mirkov Dragan M. , Jaric Slobodan
Published: September 2016

The aim of the present study was to explore the control strategy of maximum countermovement jumps regarding the preferred countermovement depth preceding the concentric jump phase. Elite basketball players and physically active non-athletes were tested on the jumps performed with and without an arm swing, while the countermovement depth was varied within the interval of almost 30 cm around its preferred value. The results consistently revealed 5.1-11.2 cm smaller countermovement depth than the optimum one, but the same difference was more prominent in non-athletes. In addition, although the same differences revealed a marked effect on the recorded force and power output, they reduced jump height for only 0.1-1.2 cm. Therefore, the studied control strategy may not be based solely on the countermovement depth that maximizes jump height. In addition, the comparison of the two groups does not support the concept of a dual-task strategy based on the trade-off between maximizing jump height and minimizing the jumping quickness that should be more prominent in the athletes that routinely need to jump quickly. Further research could explore whether the observed phenomenon is based on other optimization principles, such as the minimization of effort and energy expenditure. Nevertheless, future routine testing procedures should take into account that the control strategy of maximum countermovement jumps is not fully based on maximizing the jump height, while the countermovement depth markedly confound the relationship between the jump height and the assessed force and power output of leg muscles.
Recurrent Neural Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Oscillatory Systems Using a Complex-valued Levenberg-Marquardt Learning Algorithm
Authors: Baruch Ieroham , Reynaud Edmundo P.
Published: September 2016

In this work, a Recursive Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm in the complex domain is developed and applied in the training of two adaptive control schemes composed by Complex-Valued Recurrent Neural Networks. Furthermore, we apply the identification and both control schemes for a particular case of nonlinear, oscillatory mechanical plant to validate the performance of the adaptive neural controller and the learning algorithm. The comparative simulation results show the better performance of the newly proposed Complex-Valued Recursive Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm over the gradient-based recursive Back-propagation one.
An Approach to Observability and Controllability Analysis of Nonlinear Plants on the Basis of TSK Models
Authors: Yordanova Snejana
Published: September 2016

Most industrial plants are nonlinear, multivariable, inertial and with model uncertainty. They are difficult to model using classical approaches and thus their observability and controllability necessary for the design of the controller are hard to analyze. The aim of the present research is to derive conditions for the analysis of the observability and the controllability of nonlinear plants, represented by state space Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) models. The main results are a simple and general approach to observability and controllability study of nonlinear plants, which is based on equivalent linear systems and illustrated on a two-variable nonlinear plant - a laboratory two-tank system. The TSK plant model needed can be derived from an existing nonlinear plant model or applying a suggested procedure for development of modified transfer-functions-based TSK models from expert and experimentation data.
Discoloured seeds of amaranth plant infected by Alternaria alternata: physiological, histopathological alterations and fungal secondary metabolites associated or registered
Authors: Noelting María Cristina , Sisterna Marina , Lovisolo Marcelo , Molla-Kralj Andrés , Lori Gladys , Sandoval María Cristina , Sulyok Michael , Molina Maria C.
Published: September 2016

In the present study the aspects of discolouration that could influence both the production and consumption of amaranth were analyzed with the objectives to identify the presence of Alternaria alternata on seeds, to analyze possible changes in the anatomy of seed tissues and to detect the presence of fungal secondary metabolites. Component plating, histopathological and mycological analyses on discoloured seeds allowed i) location of propagules of A. alternata in all seminal components; ii) observation of hypertrophies in perisperm and embryo and iii) determination of several fungal secondary metabolites, mainly high concentrations of tenuazonic acid. To our knowledge, the information presented in this paper, related to physiological, histopathological changes and fungal secondary metabolites on discoloured seeds of (Amaranthus mantegazzianus syn. A. caudatus subsp. mantegazzianus (Pass) Hanelt affected by A. alternata, is the first worldwide record.
Sensitive and specific detection of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. pelargonii in geranium by real-time PCR
Authors: Farahani Ali Safaie , Taghavi Seyyed Mohsen
Published: September 2016

Xanthomonas hortorumpv.pelargoniiis the causal agent of bacterial blight of geranium. A specific and rapid real-time PCR assay for detecting the bacterium in plant was developed in this study. We compared sensitivity of conventional and real-time PCR for detection of the pathogen in inoculated plants. For application to disease management programs, PCR amplification must be able to detect latent infections of asymptomatic geraniums. Our results displayed that conventional PCR lacks sufficient sensitivity to be used as diagnostic tools for detection ofX. hortorumpv.pelargoniiin latent infections. On the other hand, real-time PCR is suitable method for detection of latent infection of the bacterium in planting materials and can be considered in management programs. The ability for accurate and reliable detection ofX. hortorumpv.pelargoniiin asymptomatic tissue is a significant step in setting up “pathogen free” certification programs for bacterial blight of geranium.
Crystal structure of bis(dicyanamido-κ1
N)-tetrakis[1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-κ1
N]cobalt(II), CoC40H36N18
Authors: Zhu Xia , Wang Yong-feng
Published: September 2016

CoC40H36N18, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.7410(15) Å, b = 15.511(2) Å, c = 14.162(2) Å, β = 110.00(3)°, V = 2010.7(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0395, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0869, T = 223(2) K.
The crystal structure of tris(μ2-1,3-bis(4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxido-1-(oxo)but-2-en-1-yl)phenyl-κ4
O,O′:O′′,O′′′)-bis(1,2-dimethoxyethane-κ2
O,O′)dicerium(III), C50H38F18O16Ce2
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Jing , Hou YanJun , Chu WenYi , Sun ZhiZhong
Published: September 2016

C50H38F18O16Ce2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 15.589(3)Å, b = 13.118(2) Å, c = 29.118(5) Å, β = 92.285(2)°, V = 5949.8(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0452, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1321, T = 273 K.
Differences between National Cultures Matter – Case of Slovenian-Korean Working Environment
Authors: Tušar Matej , Žnidaršič Anja , Miglič Gozdana
Published: September 2016

Aims: Global business today usually requires organizations to be present locally in countries where their customers are. To do this successfully, good cooperation with local people is needed. Therefore, this paper focuses on the integration of cultures in the business world. The insights from this study are expected to benefit Slovenian expatriates to foreign companies in South Korea, as well as national culture researchers. The main goals of this research include a comparison of Hofstede’s IBM survey results with the researched working environment, and identifying the benefits of merging two national cultures for the working environment.

Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to purposive samples within the researched working environments and the collected data analysed used SPSS, where the hypotheses were tested using a chi-square test and t-test for independent samples.

Results: The results revealed significant differences between the two national cultures in the working environment, e.g.: fear of expressing disagreement towards superiors, commitment to work, preference of challenges, tendency to avoid conflicts and innovations - all differed according to nationality.

Conclusion: Working together with people from different cultures requires a certain amount of adaptation (learning about another culture, expecting situations that are not usual). If this adaptation is successful, then cooperation between the different cultures can also be successful, leading to a potential output that is even better than cooperation between people from the same culture.
Rate of radiocarbon retention onto calcite by isotope exchange
Authors: Lempinen Janne , Lehto Jukka
Published: September 2016

Radiocarbon (14C) is a top priority class radionuclide associated with the long-term safety of spent nuclear fuel disposal. Dissolved inorganic radiocarbon can be retained in bedrock via isotope exchange with calcite (CaCO3) at solubility equilibrium with groundwater. In the present study, the rate of the isotope exchange process was investigated on synthetic calcite using batch experiments. Experiments were performed in solutions with a calcium concentration of 0.0002–0.1 M, including two synthetic reference groundwaters. The radiocarbon activity in the solutions decreased exponentially as a function of time, thus following first-order kinetics. The rate of isotope exchange was quantified from an exponential fit to the activity data over time. The rate of radiocarbon retention increased as a function of the calcium activity. The isotope exchange half-life was only 4.3 days at calcium ion activities over 0.01. This half-life is very much shorter than the half-life of 14C or the time scale of groundwater movements; consequently calcite can effectively retain radiocarbon from brackish and saline groundwaters.
The level of efficiency of adult women in premature based on analysis of power input and power regulation stress test
Authors: Magiera Andrzej , Jagodziński Artur , Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna , Wiszomirska Ida
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Despite of sustainable living and increasing the knowledge of the future mothers, the number of preterm births have been at the same level through last years. In Poland it is stands at around 7%, comparable with other countries from European Union. The aim was to investigate the influence of prematurity on input power and regulation power during stress test in adult women. Achieved power depends on the level of physical efficiency and it is converted for specific VO2max values.

Material and methods: 11 women born prematurely at age of 25-30 years (28,2± 2,3) did stress test according to W150 protocol. The control group consisted of 15 women born on time (27-32, 28,5±2,4). The statistical analysis included t-Student and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Index height/regulation power and BMI/ regulation power have been subjected to correlations.

Results: There is statistical significant difference between input and regulation power in women born prematurely and the control group. Women from control group had significantly higher input and regulation power than women born premature. Moreover, there is proportionality between input and regulation power in two groups.

Conclusions:

1. Prematurity influences the amount of power generated in women aged 25-30 negatively - women born prematurely are evidently less physically efficient than women born on time.

2. There is a connection between input and regulation power in both groups. Higher amounts of input power indicates higher amounts of regulation power.

3. There is no relationship between BMI and amounts of power in stress test.
High-temperature damping capacity of fly ash cenosphere/AZ91D Mg alloy composites
Authors: Ming Yuan , Sirong Yu , Enyang Liu , Fanguo Li , Yan Zhao , Shanbao Zhang , Jingda Li
Published: September 2016

In this study, fly ash cenospheres were added to semisolid AZ91D Mg alloy to prepare fly ash cenosphere/AZ91D (FAC/AZ91D) composites by means of compo-casting. The high-temperature damping capacity of FAC/AZ91D composites was investigated as compared with AZ91D Mg alloy. The results show that the damping capacities of FAC/AZ91D composites and AZ91D Mg alloy strongly depend on the measuring temperature. The FAC/AZ91D composites show better damping capacity than AZ91D Mg alloy. The 10 wt.% FAC/AZ91D composites exhibit the best damping capacity from room temperature to 125°C, whereas the 2 wt.% FAC/AZ91D composites show the highest damping capacity at 125°C–320°C. The damping mechanism was analyzed by microstructure observation at elevated temperatures. The damping-temperature curves exhibit a damping peak at approximately 150°C, and the activation energy of the damping peak was calculated according to the Arrhenius equation. Furthermore, the peak temperature increases with increasing frequencies. The damping peak is related to the thermal activation relaxation process, and its mechanism is the dislocation-induced damping.
Continuous-Logical Methods in Mathematical Economics
Authors: Levin Vitaly I.
Published: September 2016

An application of continuous logic for the mathematical description of economical systems is given. Parallel, sequential, parallel-sequential and sequentialparallel systems are calculated using continuous logic (CL) methods.
Islam and Politics: the Case of the Islamic State
Authors: Shokri Mehdi
Published: September 2016

This paper assesses the fundamental relation between the Islamic-political movements and establishment of the Islamic law (Shari’a). I argue against the critiques of western foreign policy and show that the Islamic State (Caliphate) is both a result of the historical process of the people of a region and the extreme interpretation of the text and Sunna which emphasizes on the traditional Sharia law and the concept of Jihad by fortifying political Islam qua militant Islam. I argue that the Islamic revival aims to a certain political order which threatens the world security and peace. Moreover, I argue that the structural violation of Human Rights is rooted in the traditional concept of Islamic law or Sharia, which obtains its immunity by an illegitimate power. This traditional Islamic law is the inalienable character of authoritarian/totalitarian regimes. This paper is based on the assumption that the extreme ideological/theoretical interpretation implies the empirical objectives of Militant Islamic community with or without any external influential elements. In this sense, we can address the question: how different interpretations and traditions in executing the Islamic Sharia give the social and political grounds a seed for the emergence of violence and terrorism. At the end, this paper ends with a propose which emphasizes on the role of international cooperation to find a resolution and also on the education as a long-term plan to defeat extremism and terrorism.
Nature or Nurture – Will Epigenomics Solve the Dilemma?
Authors: Płonka Beata
Published: September 2016

The concept of “nature and nurture” is used to distinguish between genetic and environmental influences on the formation of individual, mainly behavioral, traits. Different approaches that interpret nature and nurture as completely opposite or complementary aspects of human development have been discussed for decades. The paper addresses the most important points of nature vs nurture debate from the perspective of biological research, especially in the light of the recent findings in the field of epigenetics. The most important biological concepts, such as the trait, phenotype and genotype, as well as the evolution of other crucial notions are presented. Various attempts to find the main source of human variation are discussed - mainly the search for structural variants and the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A new approach resulting from the discovery of “missing heritability”, as well as the current knowledge about the possible influence of epigenetic mechanisms on human traits are analyzed. Finally, the impact of epigenetic revolution on the society (public attitude, health policy, human rights etc.) is discussed.
Element allotropes and polyanion compounds of pnicogenes and chalcogenes: stability, mechanisms of formation, controlled synthesis and characterization
Authors: Schöneich Michael , Hohmann Andrea , Schmidt Peer , Pielnhofer Florian , Bachhuber Frederik , Weihrich Richard , Osters Oliver , Köpf Marianne , Nilges Tom
Published: September 2016

The application of the EnPhaSyn (theoretical Energy diagrams, experimental Phase formation, Synthesis and characterisation) concept is reviewed with respect to prediction of structures and stability of element allotropes and compound polymorphs, their phase formation and transition processes, and their directed synthesis, respectively. Therein, the relative energetical stability (En) of target compounds and possible decomposition are determined from quantum chemical DFT calculations. Phase formation and transition (Pha) is probed by a gas balance method, developed as high temperature gas balance concept. It helped to study the synthesis and stability range of several compounds experimentally. Applications of the concept and synthesis principles (Syn) of non-equilibrium phases are presented for allotropes of P, As, P1-xAsx, as well as binary and ternary compounds including the Zintl and Laves like phases IrPTe, NiP2, CoSbS, NiBiSe, Li0.2CdP2, Cu3CdCuP10, and Cd4Cu7As.
A conformational polymorph of Ph3PAu[SC(OEt)=NPh] featuring an intramolecular Au···π interaction
Authors: Yeo Chien Ing , Tan Sang Loon , Otero-de-la-Roza Alberto , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: September 2016

A conformational polymorph, form β, for Ph3PAu[SC(OEt)=NPh] has been characterised. Like the original structure (form α), the molecule features a linear P–Au–S geometry. The difference between molecular structures rests with the relative disposition of the thiolate ligand which places the N-bound aryl ring in close proximity to the gold centre (form β) rather than the oxygen atom (form α). Density functional theory calculations show the molecule with the Au···π interaction is more stable by 5.2 kcal/mol than the one with the Au···O contact. The molecular packing of both forms are stabilised by C–H···O and C–H···π interactions which make approximately the same contribution to the overall Hirshfeld surfaces. However, key indicators, e.g. crystal packing efficiency and density, and the computational results suggest form β is the thermodynamically favoured form.
Flow and Heat Transfer of Bingham Plastic Fluid over a Rotating Disk with Variable Thickness
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Pan Mingyang , Zheng Liancun , Ming Chunying , Zhang Xinxin
Published: September 2016

This paper studies the steady flow and heat transfer of Bingham plastic fluid over a rotating disk of finite radius with variable thickness radially in boundary layer. The boundary layer flow is caused by the rotating disk when the extra stress is greater than the yield stress of the Bingham fluid. The analyses of the velocity and temperature field related to the variable thickness disk have not been investigated in current literatures. The governing equations are first simplified into ordinary differential equations owing to the generalized von Kármán transformation for seeking solutions easily. Then semi-similarity approximate analytical solutions are obtained by using the homotopy analysis method for different physical parameters. It is found that the Bingham number clearly influences the velocity field distribution, and the skin friction coefficient C

fr
is nonlinear growth with respect to the shape parameter m. Additionally, the effects of the involved parameters (i.e. shape parameter m, variable thickness parameter β, Reynolds number Re
v
, and Prandtl number Pr) on velocity and temperature distribution are investigated and analyzed in detail.
Effect of a Number of Variables on the Fatigue Properties of High-Strength Steels
Authors: Sachs G. , Muvdi B. B. , Klier E. P.
Published: September 2016

This paper describes the dependence of fatigue properties of high-strength steels on a number of factors. The fatigue tests were performed on specimens machined from 3 to 4½ in. round or square steel sections subsequently heat treated to strength values between 210,000 and 290,000 psi. The steels investigated were aircraft quality 4340, 98B40, V-Mod. 4330, Hy-Tuf and Super Hy-Tuf.

The variables studied in this program of testing were: (a) specimen position in the steel section, (b) as-processed section size, (c) strength level or tempering temperature, (d) stress concentration, and (e) fibering or directionality. Properties modifications are discussed, correlated and evaluated.

Furthermore, a section is devoted to the discussion of bend-fatigue properties of both smooth and notched specimens at low cycles. The trends established from experiment for ductile and brittle materials are evaluated, and good agreement with the results of other investigators is observed.
Uni-Directional Axial Tension Fatigue Tests of Beryllium Copper and Several Precipitation Hardening Corrosion-Resistant Steels
Authors: Weisman M. H. , Melill J. , Matsuda T.
Published: September 2016

The results of notched tensile tests and smooth and V-notched fatigue tests are reported for beryllium copper, AM350 corrosion-resistant steel, and A-286 heat and corrosion resistant steel, and for open-hole notched specimens of 17-7PH corrosion-resistant steel. Cyclic loading tests also are reported for dimpled and riveted sheet specimens of AM350 steel which simulate typical single-lap riveted aircraft joints. Other tests are reported for 17-7PH steel specimens containing unloaded rivet-filled holes.

The results of the tests are discussed from the point of view of a materials engineer in the aircraft industry. The need is discussed for additional useful information about the new materials now being developed and, also, about the less common older materials which are required now and then for specific designs.
The Properties of Beryllium Copper Strip as Affected by Cold Rolling and Heat Treatment
Authors: Richards J. T. , Smith Ellsworth M.
Published: September 2016

Tension and hardness tests were performed on beryllium copper strip to determine the influence of cold rolling and precipitation hardening. Factors such as beryllium content, strip thickness, and structure were also covered. The results are considered with respect to existing specifications for beryllium copper strip.

New age-hardening treatments for maximum stength and hardness are proposed. In addition, certain limitations on hardness testing are suggested.
Os caminhos de cuidado das mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama
Authors: Feijó Aline Machado , De Leon Linck Caroline , Da Costa Viegas Aline , Pozza dos Santos Bianca
Published: September 2016

Objetivo: Descrever os caminhos de cuidado percorridos por mulheres com câncer de mama em tratamento radioterápico.Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório de caráter qualitativo, realizado com mulheres atendidas no Ambulatório de Radioterapia de uma Universidade Federaldo Sul do Brasil. Participaram seis mulheres acometidas porcâncer de mama em tratamento radioterápico. Os dados foram coletados de março de 2006 a dezembro de 2007, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada.Resultados: Os dados foram analisados conforme a operacionalização da análise temática, emergindo dois núcleos: Os enredos dos caminhos de cuidado e A superação frente ao diagnóstico.Conclusões: Percebeu-se que os caminhos que a mulher acometida por câncer de mamapercorre envolvem tanto facilidades quanto dificuldades, relacionadas ao acesso aos serviços de saúde, a relação com os profissionais e a capacidade de superação. Também considera-se importante ter o conhecimento de seu diagnóstico, a fim de ser uma pessoa ativa neste processo. Ressalta-se a importância dos profissionais e dos serviços de saúde estarem preparados para acolher as mulheres em situaçãode enfermidade, pois o apoio e a orientação são imprescindíveis para a sua reabilitação.
Las territorialidades urbano rurales contemporaneas: Un debate epistémico y metodológico para su abordaje
Authors: Pérez Martínez Manuel Enrique
Published: September 2016

El estudio de las relaciones urbano rurales en el contexto de la globalización neoliberal, implica estructurar un campo epistemológico y metodológico que de cuenta de aquellos lugares en los que se agencia y persiste, no su dicotomía, contradicción o resistencia, sino el emerger de sus transposiciones, irreductiblemente relacionales, y que entrecruzan múltiples agentes, escalas, redes y disposiciones organizacionales. Para argumentar este planteamiento, en este escrito se caracteriza desde una perspectiva global-local, el estado actual de las interacciones urbano-rurales; se discuten los distintos enfoques teóricos en su abordaje, a partir de las nociones de agenciamiento de lugar y sus demarcaciones territoriales; y en ello se plantea una postura critico posestructural, para avanzar en la interpretación y el entendimiento de los procesos configuración territorial de los vínculos urbano-rurales contemporáneos.