bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A genome-wide imaging-based screening to identify genes involved in synphilin-1 inclusion formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhao Lei , Yang Qian , Zheng Ju , Zhu Xuefeng , Hao Xinxin , Song Jia , Lebacq Tom , Franssens Vanessa , Winderickx Joris , Nystrom Thomas , Liu Beidong
Published: July 2016

Synphilin-1 is a major component of Parkinson’s disease (PD) inclusion bodies implicated in PD pathogenesis. However, the machinery controlling synphilin-1 inclusion formation remains unclear. Here, we investigated synphilin-1 inclusion formation using a systematic genome-wide, high-content imaging based screening approach (HCI) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By combining with a secondary screening for mutants showing significant changes on fluorescence signal intensity, we filtered out hits that significantly decreased the expression level of synphilin-1. We found 133 yeast genes that didn’t affect synphilin-1 expression but that were required for the formation of synphilin-1 inclusions. Functional enrichment and physical interaction network analysis revealed these genes to encode for functions involved in cytoskeleton organization, histone modification, sister chromatid segregation, glycolipid biosynthetic process, DNA repair and replication. All hits were confirmed by conventional microscopy. Complementation assays were performed with a selected group of mutants, results indicated that the observed phenotypic changes in synphilin-1 inclusion formation were directly caused by the loss of corresponding genes of the deletion mutants. Further growth assays of these mutants showed a significant synthetic sick effect upon synphilin-1 expression, which supports the hypothesis that matured inclusions represent an end stage of several events meant to protect cells against the synphilin-1 cytotoxicity.
Nitrogen and hydrophosphate affects glycolipids composition in microalgae
Authors: Wang Xin , Shen Zhouyuan , Miao Xiaoling
Published: July 2016

Glycolipids had received increasing attention because of their uses in various industries like cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food and machinery manufacture. Microalgae were competitive organisms to accumulate metabolic substance. However, using microalgae to produce glycolipid was rare at present. In this study, glycolipid content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Synechococcus sp. under different nitrate and hydrophosphate levels were investigated. The highest glycolipid contents of 24.61% for C. pyrenoidosa and 15.37% for Synechococcus sp. were obtained at nitrate absence, which were 17.19% for C. pyrenoidosa and 10.99% for Synechococcus sp. at 0.01 and 0 g L−1 hydrophosphate, respectively. Glycolipid productivities of two microalgae could reach at more than 10.59 mg L−1 d−1. Nitrate absence induced at least 8.5% increase in MGDG, DGDG and SQDG, while hydrophosphate absence resulted in over 21.2% increase in DGDG and over 48.4% increase in SQDG and more than 22.2% decrease in MGDG in two microalgae. Simultaneous nitrate and hydrophosphate limitation could make further improvement of glycolipid accumulation, which was more than 25% for C. pyrenoidosa and 21% for Synechococcus sp. These results suggest that nitrogen and phosphorus limitation or starvation should be an efficient way to improve microalgal glycolipid accumulation.
Multibody cofactor and substrate molecular recognition in the myo-inositol monophosphatase enzyme
Authors: Ferruz Noelia , Tresadern Gary , Pineda-Lucena Antonio , De Fabritiis Gianni
Published: July 2016

Molecular recognition is rarely a two-body protein-ligand problem, as it often involves the dynamic interplay of multiple molecules that together control the binding process. Myo-inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), a drug target for bipolar disorder, depends on 3 Mg2+ ions as cofactor for its catalytic activity. Although the crystallographic pose of the pre-catalytic complex is well characterized, the binding process by which substrate, cofactor and protein cooperate is essentially unknown. Here, we have characterized cofactor and substrate cooperative binding by means of large-scale molecular dynamics. Our study showed the first and second Mg2+ ions identify the binding pocket with fast kinetics whereas the third ion presents a much higher energy barrier. Substrate binding can occur in cooperation with cofactor, or alone to a binary or ternary cofactor-IMPase complex, although the last scenario occurs several orders of magnitude faster. Our atomic description of the three-body mechanism offers a particularly challenging example of pathway reconstruction, and may prove particularly useful in realistic contexts where water, ions, cofactors or other entities cooperate and modulate the binding process.
In situ analyses for ion storage materials
Authors: Yang Junghoon , Muhammad Shoaib , Jo Mi Ru , Kim Hyunchul , Song Kyeongse , Agyeman Daniel Adjei , Kim Yong-Il , Yoon Won-Sub , Kang Yong-Mook
Published: July 2016

Analyzingin situchange of electrode materials during electrochemical reaction is essential to get a proper insight for advancement. This review provides importantin situanalytical tools to help researchers to have a clearer strategy for the sophisticated design of electrode materials.
Guidance from an in situ hot stage in TEM to synthesize magnetic metal nanoparticles from a MOF
Authors: Xu Dan , Zhang Daliang , Zou Houbing , Zhu Liangkui , Xue Ming , Fang Qianrong , Qiu Shilun
Published: July 2016

The transition from Ni-MOF to Ni-NPC was first observed using TEM combined with an in situ hot stage.
Solvent-dependent singlet oxygen lifetimes: temperature effects implicate tunneling and charge-transfer interactions
Authors: Bregnhøj Mikkel , Westberg Michael , Jensen Frank , Ogilby Peter R.
Published: July 2016

A new model for an old problem: a barrier to account for temperature effects on singlet oxygen lifetimes.
Tuning the electronic structures and magnetism of two-dimensional porous C2N via transition metal embedding
Authors: Du Juan , Xia Congxin , Xiong Wenqi , Zhao Xu , Wang Tianxing , Jia Yu
Published: July 2016

Based on first-principles calculations, the electronic structures and magnetism are investigated in 3d transition metal (TM)-embedded porous two-dimensional (2D) C2N monolayers.
Huge enhancement of upconversion luminescence by broadband dye sensitization of core/shell nanocrystals
Authors: Yin Dongguang , Liu Yumin , Tang Jingxiu , Zhao Feifei , Chen Zhiwen , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Xinyu , Chang Na , Wu Chenglong , Chen Dongwei , Wu Minghong
Published: July 2016

The UCL intensity of dye-sensitized UCNCs excited at 820 nm is 800-folds higher than that of pure UCNCs excited at 980 nm.
Insights into small molecule activation by multinuclear first-row transition metal cyclophanates
Authors: Ermert David M. , Murray Leslie J.
Published: July 2016

The rational design of trimetallic transition metal clusters supported by a trinucleating cyclophane ligand, L3−, and the reactivities of these complexes with dinitrogen and carbon dioxide are discussed.
Chelating N-heterocyclic carbene–carboranes offer flexible ligand coordination to IrIII, RhIII and RuII: effect of ligand cyclometallation in catalytic transfer hydrogenation
Authors: Holmes Jordan , Pask Christopher M. , Willans Charlotte E.
Published: July 2016

NHC–carborane ligands, with flexible coordination through either the carbon or the boron atom of the carborane, provide effective transfer hydrogenation catalysts.
Rapid and large-scale synthesis of bare Co3O4porous nanostructures from an oleate precursor as superior Li-ion anodes with long-cycle lives
Authors: Ge Danhua , Wu Junjie , Qu Genlong , Deng Yaoyao , Geng Hongbo , Zheng Junwei , Pan Yue , Gu Hongwei
Published: July 2016

Porous Co3O4nanocrystals derived from Co(ii) oleate complexes exhibit excellent electrochemical performance including a high reversible capacity as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Solvothermal synthesis of a silicon hierarchical structure composed of 20 nm Si nanoparticles coated with carbon for high performance Li-ion battery anodes
Authors: Zhou Jianbin , Jiang Zhuoheng , Cai Wenlong , Liu Xianyu , Zhu Yongchun , Lan Yang , Ma Kai , Qian Yitai
Published: July 2016

A solvothermal synthesized silicon hierarchical structure shows a high electrochemical performance for Li-ion battery anodes after coating with a carbon layer.
Emerging nanomaterials for the application of selenium removal for wastewater treatment
Authors: Holmes Andrew B. , Gu Frank X.
Published: July 2016

Selenium contaminated wastewater derived from global industrial activity can bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms, presenting a source of toxicity. Several classes of nanomaterials, such as nanoscale adsorbents, catalysts and reactants, have promising potential for removing selenium in to ultra-low ppb levels.
Monitoring CO2 invasion processes at the pore scale using geological labs on chip
Authors: Morais S. , Liu N. , Diouf A. , Bernard D. , Lecoutre C. , Garrabos Y. , Marre S.
Published: July 2016

In order to investigate on the pore scale the mechanisms involved during CO2 injection in a water saturated pore network, a series of displacement experiments is reported using high pressure micromodels (geological labs on chip – GloCs) working under real geological conditions (25 < T (°C) < 75 and 4.5 < p (MPa) < 8).
Design, synthesis, and in vivo evaluations of benzyl Nω-nitro-Nα-(9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carbonyl)-l-argininate as an apoptosis inducer capable of decreasing the serum concentration of P-selectin
Authors: Xu Wenyun , Zhao Ming , Wang Yuji , Zhu Haimei , Wang Yaonan , Zhao Shurui , Wu Jianhui , Peng Shiqi
Published: July 2016

A series of findings suggest that the discovery of in vivo apoptosis inducers for chemotherapy is of clinical importance.
Ionic liquids as a potential tool for drug delivery systems
Authors: Adawiyah Noorul , Moniruzzaman Muhammad , Hawatulaila Siti , Goto Masahiro
Published: July 2016

The pharmaceutical industries face a series of challenges in the delivery of many newly developed drug molecules because of their low solubility, bioavailability, stability and polymorphic conversion.
New aromatic polymer electrolytes for application in lithium metal batteries
Authors: Morizur Vincent , Braglia Michele , Olivero Sandra , Desmurs Jean-Roger , Knauth Philippe , Duñach Elisabet
Published: July 2016

The synthesis of functionalized PEEK polymers presenting a high ionic conductivity.
Bioconjugatable, PEGylated hydroporphyrins for photochemistry and photomedicine. Narrow-band, red-emitting chlorins
Authors: Liu Mengran , Chen Chih-Yuan , Mandal Amit Kumar , Chandrashaker Vanampally , Evans-Storms Rosemary B. , Pitner J. Bruce , Bocian David F. , Holten Dewey , Lindsey Jonathan S.
Published: July 2016

PEGylated chlorins are soluble in water, can be excited in the near-ultraviolet, and exhibit a relatively narrow fluorescence band in the red spectral region.
Does hydrohalic acid HX (X = F, Cl) form true N-protonated twisted amide salts? Effects of anions on the ion-pair interactions and on the amide moiety in N-protonated tricyclic twisted amide salts
Authors: Pandey Krishna K.
Published: July 2016

The [BF4]− and [RSO3]− anions interact with N-protonated amide cations through N–H⋯F and N–H⋯O strong hydrogen bonds and hydrohalic acids form very weak N⋯H–X hydrogen bonds.
Readily functionalizable phosphonium-tagged fluorescent coumarins for enhanced detection of conjugates by mass spectrometry
Authors: Lizzul-Jurse Antoine , Bailly Laetitia , Hubert-Roux Marie , Afonso Carlos , Renard Pierre-Yves , Sabot Cyrille
Published: July 2016

A family of readily functionalizable phosphonium-tagged fluorescent coumarins is reported. Their utility was illustrated through the preparation of a FRET-based protease-sensitive probe which exhibited increased electrospray ionization efficiency.
N-Ferrocenylsulfonyl-2-methylaziridine: the first ferrocene monomer for the anionic (co)polymerization of aziridines
Authors: Homann-Müller Tatjana , Rieger Elisabeth , Alkan Arda , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: July 2016

N-Ferrocenylsulfonyl-2-methylaziridine (fcMAz) is the first aziridine-based monomer functionalized at the sulfonamide and the first organometallic aziridine for the anionic ROP. It was polymerized to homo and copolymers (block or statistical) with adjustable molecular weights.
Thiophene-substituted phenothiazine-based photosensitisers for radical and cationic photopolymerization reactions under visible laser beams (405 and 455 nm)
Authors: Chao Pengjie , Gu Renquan , Ma Xiaoyu , Wang Tao , Zhao Yuming
Published: July 2016

In the present work, we designed and prepared six new thiophene-substituted phenothiazine-based visible photosensitizers (ThPTZs) to solve the low absorptivity of phenothiazine in the visible light region.
Thermoelectric performance of Cu1−x−δAgxInTe2 diamond-like materials with a pseudocubic crystal structure
Authors: Liu Ruiheng , Qin Yuting , Cheng Nian , Zhang Jiawei , Shi Xun , Grin Yuri , Chen Lidong
Published: July 2016

In a tetragonal chalcopyrite solid solution Cu1−xAgxInTe2 (x = 0–0.5), a pseudocubic structure is realized at x ≈ 0.2. The degenerate valence bands influence electrical transport and lattice thermal conductivity. The highest ZT of 1.24 was obtained at x = 0.2 and δ = 0.05.
Hyperbranched supramolecular polymer constructed from twisted cucurbit[14]uril and porphyrin via host–guest interactions
Authors: Gao Zhongzheng , Zhang Jing , Sun Nana , Huang Ying , Tao Zhu , Xiao Xin , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: July 2016

A novel supramolecular polymer was constructed between Q[14] host and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-butyl-4-pyridinium)porphyrin tetrabromide guest depending on the host–guest interactions, representing the first cucurbit[14]uril-involved host–guest supramolecular polymer.
Two cationic [(CuxIy)x−y]n motif based coordination polymers and their photocatalytic properties
Authors: Yan Hao-Ran , Wang Jian , Yu Ying-Hui , Hou Guang-Feng , Zhang Hong-Xing , Gao Jin-Sheng
Published: July 2016

Two cationic [(CuxIy)x−y]n based coordination polymers, featuring a 3,6-connected net or a coordination chain, and interesting supramolecular structures, exhibit photochemistry properties towards degradation of methyl blue.
Solution-processed MoS2nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite as an active electrocatalyst toward the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Song Long , Zhao Mengjia , Li Xiaoxue , Zhang Zhipan , Qu Liangti
Published: July 2016

A hierarchical 3D nanostructure of MoS2nanotubes supported on a reduced graphene oxide network is prepared through a surfactant-assisted lyophilization process and it exhibits good electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Far infrared radiated energy-proficient rapid one-pot green hydrolysis of waste watermelon peel: optimization and heterogeneous kinetics of glucose synthesis
Authors: Chatterjee Swapnendu , Barman Sourav , Chakraborty Rajat
Published: July 2016

Energy-efficient far-infrared radiation rendered significant intensification of one-pot heterogeneous catalytic hydrolysis of waste watermelon peel for green synthesis of glucose.
A T–Hg2+–T metallo-base pair-mediated dual amplification fluorescent strategy for the selective and sensitive detection of Hg2+
Authors: Wei Haiping , Wang Lei , Xu Xiaowen , Zhu Jing , Jiang Wei
Published: July 2016

Thematic illustration of the dual amplification fluorescent strategy based on target cycle and DNAzyme cycle for the selective and sensitive detection of Hg2+.
Self-efficacy and academic performance in first-semester organic chemistry: testing a model of reciprocal causation
Authors: Villafañe Sachel M. , Xu Xiaoying , Raker Jeffrey R.
Published: July 2016

Self-efficacy is an affective learning outcome that has been associated with academic performance and retention in STEM. Self-efficacy has been defined as students' beliefs about their ability to complete a given task, and it can be affected by a student's positive or negative experience in a course. In this study, students' chemistry self-efficacy in an organic chemistry course and its reciprocal causation relationship with performance in the course was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). Organic chemistry self-efficacy (OCSE) was measured five times during the semester and students' scores in four term exams and a final exam were used as measures of performance. Five different models were proposed and tested to explain the relationship between OCSE and performance. A reciprocal causation model with an exam snowball effect was found to best explain the relationship between OCSE and performance compared to other alternative models including a reciprocal causation model without the snowball effect and an autoregressive model. This model suggests a significant positive relationship between OCSE and performance throughout the semester, providing empirical support for the reciprocal relationship of these two measures. Implications for research and instruction are discussed in terms of the reciprocal relationship between self-efficacy and performance.
Intermolecular oxidative decarbonylative [2 + 2 + 2] carbocyclization of N-(2-ethynylaryl)acrylamides with tertiary and secondary alkyl aldehydes involving C(sp3)–H functionalization
Authors: Li Yang , Pan Gao-Hui , Hu Ming , Liu Bang , Song Ren-Jie , Li Jin-Heng
Published: July 2016

A new metal-free oxidative decarbonylative [2 + 2 + 2] carbocyclization ofN-(2-ethynylaryl)acrylamides with tertiary and secondary alkyl aldehydes is described.
A strong, underwater superoleophobic PNIPAM–clay nanocomposite hydrogel
Authors: Teng Chao , Xie Dan , Wang Jianfeng , Zhu Ying , Jiang Lei
Published: July 2016

Due to a three-dimensional network structure filled with abundant water, a hydrogel is an ideal candidate for an underwater superoleophobic material, which has many promising applications in the fields of anti-bioadhesion, antifouling coating, oil/water separation, metal cleaning, and small oil-droplet manipulation.
Electrospun cobalt embedded porous nitrogen doped carbon nanofibers as an efficient catalyst for water splitting
Authors: Zhao Yufei , Zhang Jinqiang , Li Kefei , Ao Zhimin , Wang Chengyin , Liu Hao , Sun Kening , Wang Guoxiu
Published: July 2016

The major challenge in water splitting is to develop low cost electrocatalysts as alternatives for simultaneously generating oxygen and hydrogen.
3DOM-LaSrCoFeO6−δas a highly active catalyst for the thermal and photothermal reduction of CO2with H2O to CH4
Authors: Ha Minh Ngoc , Lu Guanzhong , Liu Zhifu , Wang Lichao , Zhao Zhe
Published: July 2016

LSCF and 3DOM-LSCF catalysts can significantly improve the catalytic performance and 100% selectivity for the reduction of CO2with H2O vapor to CH4under thermal and photo-thermal reaction conditions.
Preparation of fluorescent Au–SiO2core–shell nanoparticles and nanorods with tunable silica shell thickness and surface modification for immunotargeting
Authors: Nallathamby Prakash D. , Hopf Juliane , Irimata Lisa E. , McGinnity Tracie L. , Roeder Ryan K.
Published: July 2016

Scalable methods for preparing and modifying Au–SiO2core–shell nanoparticles provide a platform for engineering size-dependent multifunctional properties forin vivobiomedical applications.
Distal, not proximal, colonic acetate infusions promote fat oxidation and improve metabolic markers in overweight/obese men
Authors: van der Beek Christina M. , Canfora Emanuel E. , Lenaerts Kaatje , Troost Freddy J. , Olde Damink Steven W.M. , Holst Jens J. , Masclee Ad A.M. , Dejong Cornelis H.C. , Blaak Ellen E.
Published: July 2016

Gut microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are believed to affect host metabolism and cardiometabolic risk factors. The present study aim was to investigate the effects of proximal and distal colonic infusions with the SCFA acetate on fat oxidation and other metabolic parameters in men. In this randomized, double-blind crossover trial, six overweight/obese men [body mass index (BMI) 25–35 kg/m2] underwent two experimental periods: one with distal and one with proximal colonic sodium acetate infusions. A feeding catheter was endoscopically positioned at the beginning of each period and remained in the colon for three consecutive test days, enabling colonic acetate (100 or 180 mmol/l) or placebo infusion during fasting conditions and after an oral glucose load (postprandial). Fat oxidation and energy expenditure were measured using an open-circuit ventilated hood system and blood samples were repeatedly collected for 2 h during fasting and postprandial conditions. Distal colonic 180 mmol/l acetate infusions increased fasting fat oxidation (1.78±0.28 compared with −0.78±0.89 g fat 2 h−1, P=0.015), fasting peptide YY (PYY, P=0.01) and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations (P<0.05), and tended to increase fasting plasma acetate (P=0.069) compared with placebo. Distal 100 mmol/l acetate administration tended to decrease fasting tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; P=0.067) compared with placebo. In contrast, proximal colonic acetate infusions showed no effects on substrate metabolism, circulating hormones or inflammatory markers. In conclusion distal colonic acetate infusions affected whole-body substrate metabolism, with a pronounced increase in fasting fat oxidation and plasma PYY. Modulating colonic acetate may be a nutritional target to treat or prevent metabolic disorders.
Strontium ruthenate–anatase titanium dioxide heterojunctions from first-principles: Electronic structure, spin, and interface dipoles
Authors: Ferdous Naheed , Ertekin Elif
Published: July 2016

The epitaxial integration of functional oxides with wide band gap semiconductors offers the possibility of new material systems for electronics and energy conversion applications. We use first principles to consider an epitaxial interface between the correlated metal oxide SrRuO3 and the wide band gap semiconductor TiO2, and assess energy level alignment, interfacial chemistry, and interfacial dipole formation. Due to the ferromagnetic, half-metallic character of SrRuO3, according to which only one spin is present at the Fermi level, we demonstrate the existence of a spin dependent band alignment across the interface. For two different terminations of SrRuO3, the interface is found to be rectifying with a Schottky barrier of ≈1.3–1.6 eV, in good agreement with experiment. In the minority spin, SrRuO3 exhibits a Schottky barrier alignment with TiO2 and our calculated Schottky barrier height is in excellent agreement with previous experimental measurements. For majority spin carriers, we find that SrRuO3 recovers its exchange splitting gap and bulk-like properties within a few monolayers of the interface. These results demonstrate a possible approach to achieve spin-dependent transport across a heteroepitaxial interface between a functional oxide material and a conventional wide band gap semiconductor.
Evidence of cluster-glass-like state at low temperature in anti-site disordered La1.5Ca0.5CoMnO6 double perovskite
Authors: Sahoo R. C. , Giri S. K. , Paladhi D. , Das A. , Nath T. K.
Published: July 2016

We have investigated structural and magnetic properties having cluster-glass (CG) like ordering at low temperature in a polycrystalline La1.5Ca0.5CoMnO6 double perovskite sample. In this anti-site disordered double perovskite, ferromagnetic (FM) ordering is observed at ∼157 K. From temperature variation linear ac susceptibility measurements, a CG state is clearly observed below a freezing temperature of ∼50.1 K, the origin of which can be best explained through (1) structural disorder and (2) consequence of the coexistence and competition of antiferromagnetic and FM interactions. The linear complex ac susceptibility data near the freezing temperature are best fitted to a critical slowing down model characterized by the dynamic exponents zυ ∼ 4.95(5) and τ0 ∼ 1.23 × 10−7 s. These values are very similar to what is generally observed in a CG system. The glassy transition temperature versus Hdc23 behaviour follows the Almeida-Thouless line. The time dependent slow relaxation dynamics and aging effect have also been investigated to confirm a CG-like state formation in this compound.
Positive cardiometabolic health for adults with intellectual disability: an early intervention framework
Authors: Trollor Julian , Salomon Carmela , Curtis Jackie , Watkins Andrew , Rosenbaum Simon , Samaras Katherine , Ward Philip B.
Published: July 2016

Cardiometabolic morbidity is a significant contributor to the poorer health outcomes experienced by people with intellectual disability (ID). Tailoring cardiometabolic monitoring tools developed for the general population to better fit the altered risk profiles and extra needs of people with ID may help to improve health outcomes. This paper describes a new cardiometabolic monitoring framework designed to address the extra needs of people with ID. The framework was adapted from a generalist guideline after a process of extensive consultation with the original authors and over 30 ID and cardiometabolic experts. In addition to standard cardiometabolic monitoring practice, the framework encourages clinicians to: anticipate and address barriers to care such as communication difficulties and fear of blood tests; account for socioeconomic and genetic factors altering baseline cardiometabolic risk; and carefully rationalize psychotropic prescription. Together with this framework, a toolkit of free cardiometabolic resources tailored for people with ID and formal and informal carers is included. The monitoring framework promotes a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to cardiometabolic care for people with ID.
Epigenetics and developmental programming of welfare and production traits in farm animals
Authors: Sinclair K. D. , Rutherford K. M. D. , Wallace J. M. , Brameld J. M. , Stöger R. , Alberio R. , Sweetman D. , Gardner D. S. , Perry V. E. A. , Adam C. L. , Ashworth C. J. , Robinson J. E. , Dwyer C. M.
Published: July 2016

The concept that postnatal health and development can be influenced by events that occur in utero originated from epidemiological studies in humans supported by numerous mechanistic (including epigenetic) studies in a variety of model species. Referred to as the ‘developmental origins of health and disease’ or ‘DOHaD’ hypothesis, the primary focus of large-animal studies until quite recently had been biomedical. Attention has since turned towards traits of commercial importance in farm animals. Herein we review the evidence that prenatal risk factors, including suboptimal parental nutrition, gestational stress, exposure to environmental chemicals and advanced breeding technologies, can determine traits such as postnatal growth, feed efficiency, milk yield, carcass composition, animal welfare and reproductive potential. We consider the role of epigenetic and cytoplasmic mechanisms of inheritance, and discuss implications for livestock production and future research endeavours. We conclude that although the concept is proven for several traits, issues relating to effect size, and hence commercial importance, remain. Studies have also invariably been conducted under controlled experimental conditions, frequently assessing single risk factors, thereby limiting their translational value for livestock production. We propose concerted international research efforts that consider multiple, concurrent stressors to better represent effects of contemporary animal production systems.
Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis preferences among men who have sex with men in Vietnam: results from a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Oldenburg Catherine E. , Le Bao , Huyen Hoang Thi , Thien Dinh Duc , Quan Nguyen Hoang , Biello Katie B. , Nunn Amy , Chan Philip A. , Mayer Kenneth H. , Mimiaga Matthew J. , Colby Donn
Published: July 2016

Background
The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Vietnam is concentrated in subgroups of the population, including men who have sex with men (MSM). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a viable strategy for HIV prevention, but knowledge about and preferences for PrEP delivery among Vietnamese MSM are not well understood. Methods: In 2015, an online survey was conducted with recruitment via social networking websites for MSM and peer recruitment. A description of daily oral, long-acting injectable, and rectal microbicide formulations of PrEP was provided to participants. Participants were asked about their prior awareness of and interest in PrEP, and ranked their most preferred PrEP modality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with having heard of PrEP and preference for each PrEP modality. Results: Of 548 participants who answered demographic and PrEP-related questions, 26.8% had previously heard of PrEP and most (65.7%) endorsed rectal microbicides as their most preferred PrEP delivery modality. Commonly-cited perceived barriers to uptake of PrEP included concern about side-effects, perception about being HIV positive, and family or friends finding out about their sexual behaviour. In multivariable models, older participants less often endorsed rectal microbicides (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.95 per year, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–0.99) and more often endorsed long-acting injectables (AOR 1.08 per year, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.14) as their preferred PrEP modality. Participants who were willing to pay more for PrEP less often endorsed rectal microbicides (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72–0.92) and more often endorsed long-acting injectables (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.35) and daily oral pills (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00–1.35) as their preferred form of PrEP. Conclusions: A variety of PrEP modalities were acceptable to MSM in Vietnam, but low knowledge of PrEP may be a barrier to implementation.
Cytochrome P450 associated with insecticide resistance catalyzes cuticular hydrocarbon production in
Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Balabanidou Vasileia , Kampouraki Anastasia , MacLean Marina , Blomquist Gary J. , Tittiger Claus , Juárez M. Patricia , Mijailovsky Sergio J. , Chalepakis George , Anthousi Amalia , Lynd Amy , Antoine Sanou , Hemingway Janet , Ranson Hilary , Lycett Gareth J. , Vontas John
Published: July 2016

Significance

Malaria incidence has halved since 2000, with 80% of the reduction attributable to the use of insecticides, which now are under threat of resistance. Understanding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance is a key step in delaying and tackling the phenomenon. This study provides evidence of a cuticular mechanism that slows the uptake of pyrethroids, contributing to the resistance phenotype and potentially broadening resistance to multiple insecticide classes, thus providing additional challenges to resistance management. Quantitative modification of cuticular hydrocarbons is associated with increased expression of a 4G cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP4G16, which catalyzes epicuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis. This work improves our understanding of insecticide resistance and may facilitate the development of insecticides with greater specificity to mosquitoes and greater potency.
Increased enzyme production under liquid culture conditions in the industrial fungus Aspergillus oryzae by disruption of the genes encoding cell wall α-1,3-glucan synthase
Authors: Miyazawa Ken , Yoshimi Akira , Zhang Silai , Sano Motoaki , Nakayama Mayumi , Gomi Katsuya , Abe Keietsu
Published: July 2016

Under liquid culture conditions, the hyphae of filamentous fungi aggregate to form pellets, which reduces cell density and fermentation productivity. Previously, we found that loss of α-1,3-glucan in the cell wall of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans increased hyphal dispersion. Therefore, here we constructed a mutant of the industrial fungus A. oryzae in which the three genes encoding α-1,3-glucan synthase were disrupted (tripleΔ). Although the hyphae of the tripleΔ mutant were not fully dispersed, the mutant strain did form smaller pellets than the wild-type strain. We next examined enzyme productivity under liquid culture conditions by transforming the cutinase-encoding gene cutL1 into A. oryzae wild-type and the tripleΔ mutant (i.e. wild-type-cutL1, tripleΔ-cutL1). A. oryzae tripleΔ-cutL1 formed smaller hyphal pellets and showed both greater biomass and increased CutL1 productivity compared with wild-type-cutL1, which might be attributable to a decrease in the number of tripleΔ-cutL1 cells under anaerobic conditions.
Cortisone and dexamethasone inhibit myogenesis by modulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in C2C12
Authors: Kim Jonggun , Park Min Young , Kim Hyung Kwan , Park Yeonhwa , Whang Kwang-Youn
Published: July 2016

Myogenesis occurs in both the prenatal and postnatal periods and the prenatal myogenesis is related to the postnatal myogenesis and the incidence of disease later in life. Glucocorticoids used as therapeutic agents for many diseases, but cause adverse effects on muscle homeostasis, including defects in fetal muscle development. The action of glucocorticoids on differentiated skeletal muscle was well studied, but their effects on myotube formation have not been well investigated. Dexamethasone (DEX) and cortisone (COR), two synthetic therapeutic glucocorticoids, suppress myotube formation in C2C12 cells. Both COR and DEX attenuated myotube formation through modulation of myogenic regulatory factors. In addition, they affected the IGF/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in increased proteolytic protein (atrogin-1 and MURF1) for muscle degradation and decreased ribosomal S6 phosphorylation. The current results conclude that COR and DEX inhibit myotube formation in C2C12 cells by modulating both the myogenic program via MRFs and protein metabolism via IGF/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
A Multispecies Virtual Population Analysis for the Southern Chilean Demersal Fishery
Authors: Jurado-Molina Jesús , Gatica Claudio , Arancibia Hugo , Neira Sergio , Alarcón Rubén
Published: July 2016

A multispecies virtual population analysis (MSVPA) model for the southern Chilean demersal fishery was developed. Species included the Southern Hake Merluccius australis, Pink Cusk-eel Genypterus blacodes (hereafter, “Kingklip”), Southern Blue Whiting (SBW) Micromesistius australis, and Patagonian Grenadier (also known as Argentine Straptail) Macruronus magellanicus (hereafter, “Hoki”). Due to a lack of stomach content data, we constructed suitability coefficients based on predator–prey size ratios. Terminal fishing mortality (Fterm) was estimated by fitting a cohort analysis model to estimates of abundance from single-species models developed by the Chilean Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP; Institute for Fishing Development). Values of Fterm were used as input data in the MSVPA, driving the dynamics of the species and producing adult abundance estimates that were similar to IFOP estimates. Comparison of MSVPA and IFOP estimates suggested consistency in adult abundance and total abundance estimates for SBW. Differences were identified for adult Hoki abundance estimates. Differences in recruitment estimates were small for SBW, whereas greater differences were found for Hoki. The MSVPA revealed high estimates of predation mortality for Hoki, while predation played a minor role in SBW population dynamics. Cannibalism and predation by Southern Hake were the main components of predation mortality for age-0 Hoki; Southern Hake were the most important source of predation for age-1 Hoki. Sensitivity analysis suggested that Hoki response variables were sensitive to 10% perturbations in suitability coefficients, while SBW response variables were not. This study is a first step toward building a multispecies framework that could provide complementary information for the sustainable management of fishing resources in southern Chile.

Received October 11, 2015; accepted March 5, 2016
Fast ion profile stiffness due to the resonance overlap of multiple Alfvén eigenmodes
Authors: Todo Y. , Van Zeeland M.A. , Heidbrink W.W.
Published: July 2016

Fast ion pressure profiles flattened by multiple Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) are investigated for various neutral beam deposition powers in a multi-phase simulation, which is a combination of classical simulation and hybrid simulation for energetic particles interacting with a magnetohydrodynamic fluid. Monotonic degradation of fast ion confinement and fast ion profile stiffness is found with increasing beam deposition power. The confinement degradation and profile stiffness are caused by a sudden increase in fast ion transport flux brought about by AEs for fast ion pressure gradients above a critical value. The critical pressure gradient and the corresponding beam deposition power depend on the radial location. The fast ion pressure gradient stays moderately above the critical value, and the profiles of the fast ion pressure and fast ion transport flux spread radially outward from the inner region, where the beam is injected. It is found that the square root of the MHD fluctuation energy is proportional to the beam deposition power. Analysis of the time evolutions of the fast ion energy flux profiles reveals that intermittent avalanches take place with contributions from the multiple eigenmodes. Surface of section plots demonstrate that the resonance overlap of multiple eigenmodes accounts for the sudden increase in fast ion transport with increasing beam power. The critical gradient and critical beam power for the profile stiffness are substantially higher than the marginal stability threshold.
Magnetic field amplification during the common envelope phase
Authors: Ohlmann Sebastian T. , Röpke Friedrich K. , Pakmor Rüdiger , Springel Volker , Müller Ewald
Published: July 2016

During the common envelope (CE) phase, a giant star in a binary system overflows its Roche lobe and unstable mass transfer leads to a spiral-in of the companion, resulting in a close binary system or in a merger of the stellar cores. Dynamo processes during the CE phase have been proposed as a mechanism to generate magnetic fields that are important for forming magnetic white dwarfs (MWDs) and for shaping planetary nebulae. Here, we present the first magnetohydrodynamics simulations of the dynamical spiral-in during a CE phase. We find that magnetic fields are strongly amplified in the accretion stream around the 1 M⊙ companion as it spirals into the envelope of a 2 M⊙ RG. This leads to field strengths of 10–100 kG throughout the envelope after 120 d. The magnetic field amplification is consistent with being driven by the magnetorotational instability. The field strengths reached in our simulation make the magnetic field interesting for diagnostic purposes, but they are dynamically irrelevant. They are also too small to explain the formation of the highest fields found in MWDs, but may be relevant for luminous red novae, and detecting magnetic fields in these events would support the scenario as proposed here.
Can a comprehensive code of conduct discourage incivility in nursing students?
Authors: Authement Renae
Published: July 2016

Background.

This article discusses problems associated with incivility in nursing education and a proposed implementation strategy designed to decrease uncivil acts of student behavior.

Problem description.

Like most colleges across the nation, this nursing program was experiencing an increase in acts of student incivility.

Operational definitions.

Incivility, also called bullying, may include behaviors such as name calling, side conversations, and condescending language.

Method.

The sample consisted of 94 third-semester nursing students and 6 faculty members. The Incivility in Nursing Education survey was used as a tool to measure student and faculty perceptions.

Data analysis.

Data from pre- and postimplementation surveys demonstrated scientific evidence of both faculty and student perception and a significant decrease in acts of uncivil behavior in the nursing program.

Limitations.

Because the study was limited to one nursing program and included only third-semester nursing students, the results of the study may not be transferable to all nursing programs.

Conclusions.

The study revealed a reduction in perceived uncivil acts of behavior in the nursing program by faculty and students.
Review of Percutaneous Kyphoplasty in China
Authors: Yang Huilin , Liu Hao , Wang Shenghao , Wu Kailun , Meng Bin , Liu Tao
Published: July 2016

Study Design.

Review article.

Objective.

The article mainly reviewed the development and current situation of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in China, aiming to introduce native efforts and progress for PKP procedure on the exploring road.

Summary of Background Data.

Since PKP was first reported in China in 2002, Chinese orthopedic researchers have performed lots of clinical applications and studies on the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, spinal metastatic tumor, hemangioma, myeloma, vertebral nonunion, and so on.

Methods.

We reviewed the papers on PKP published by native researchers in English and Chinese via Pubmed, EMBASE, the Scopus database, and a series of Chinese databases including Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the China Science and Technology Journal Database. The large sample capacity researches, convictive systematic analysis, and overviews were mainly elected as convictive evidence to describe the overall situation of clinical outcomes, complications, and the various technical aspects used to improve conventional surgical management and clinical applications of PKP in China.

Results.

Until October 2015, 211 articles in English and 2352 studies in Chinese about PKP were reported by 1443 Chinese institutions from 22 provinces around China. More than 50976 patients reported through published articles have received the treatment of PKP. With the technique gradually improved, including puncture, bone cement infusion, vertebral expander instruments, diagnosis, and treatment of special type of vertebral fractures, PKP is performed with the better efficacy and less complication.

Conclusion.

With the progression of minimally invasive spinal surgery around the world, PKP in China has been performed with a trend towards a rapid, safe, and effective treatment. Digital, real-time and artificial intelligence are the directions of future development of PKP.

Level of Evidence: 4
Inguinal Lymph Node Anthracosis: A Case Report
Authors: Biguria Rafael , Soto Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2016

Anthracosis is defined as black, dense pigments in tissues, usually carbon deposits. We, as surgeons, have to make decisions during surgery to the best of our knowledge and based on what the literature provides us. We present the case of a 30-year-old female patient who underwent abdominoplasty. During surgery, bilateral inguinal pigmented and enlarged lymph nodes were seen. Biopsy of the nodes was done to rule out any malignancy. The results showed tattoo pigments on all lymph nodes. We present this case as tattoo pigment migration, which has been rarely described.
Plantar Fat Grafting and Tendon Balancing for the Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Remission
Authors: Luu Cynthia A. , Larson Ethan , Rankin Timothy M. , Pappalardo Jennifer L. , Slepian Marvin J. , Armstrong David G.
Published: July 2016

We report on the use of free fat grafting as a means of redistributing normal and shear stress after healing of plantar diabetic foot wounds. Although fat augmentation (lipofilling) has been described previously as an approach to supplement defects and prevent atrophy, including use as an adjunct to wound healing and to mitigate pain in the foot, we are unaware of any reports in the medical literature that have described its use in the high-risk diabetic foot in remission. An active 37-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and neuropathy presented with gangrene of his fifth ray, which was amputated. He subsequently developed a chronic styloid process ulceration that progressed despite treatment. We performed a tibialis anterior tendon transfer and total contact casting. He went on to heal but with residual fat pad atrophy and recalcitrant preulcerative lesions. We then used autologous fat grafting for the plantar atrophy. The patient was able to successfully transition to normal shoe gear after 4 weeks with successful engraftment without complication or recurrence of the wound at 6 weeks. This therapy may provide a promising adjunct to increase ulcer-free days to the patient in diabetic foot remission.
Ultrasound-guided Lung Biopsy in the Hands of Respiratory Physicians
Authors: Laursen Christian B. , Naur Therese M.H. , Bodtger Uffe , Colella Sara , Naqibullah Matiullah , Minddal Valentina , Konge Lars , Davidsen Jesper R. , Hansen Niels-Christian , Graumann Ole , Clementsen Paul F.
Published: July 2016

Background:

The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic yield and prevalence of complications of ultrasound-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsies (US-TTNAB) performed by respiratory physicians after implementation of the procedure in an everyday clinical setting at 3 different centers.

Methods:

Patients were included if they during the period from January 2012 to August 2014 had a registered US-TTNAB procedure code or if a US biopsy registration form had been filled out at either of the participating centers. Histology or cytology results were used as a reference test for diagnoses that could be made based on these results. Reference test for the remaining diagnoses was clinical follow-up. The diagnostic yield of US-TTNAB was defined as the proportion of patients in which the result of the US-TTNAB was consistent with the reference test.

Results:

A total of 215 patients in which a primary US-TTNAB had been performed were identified. The most common biopsy sites were lungs and pleurae with a total of 164 (76.3%) patients and 31 patients (14.4%), respectively. US-TTNAB diagnostic yield was 76.9% (95% CI, 70.3%-83.4%) for malignant diagnoses and 47.6% (95% CI, 31.9%-63.4%) for nonmalignant diagnoses. The most common complications of US-TTNAB were pneumothorax (2.5%; 95% CI, 0.03%-4.6%) and pain at the biopsy site (2%; 95% CI, 0.04%-3.9%). No fatalities related to US-TTNAB were observed.

Conclusion:

US-TTNAB performed by respiratory physicians is a safe procedure with a low risk of complications and the diagnostic yield to establish a malignant diagnosis is acceptable.
Rapid Neurological Recovery Following Partial Surgical Resection of Spinal Glioblastoma Multiforme in a Pediatric Patient Presenting With Complete Paraplegia
Authors: Friedman Gabriel N. , Grannan Benjamin L. , Yanamadala Vijay , Shankar Ganesh M. , Dewitt John C. , Puthenpura Vidya , Koffie Robert M. , Macdonald Shannon M. , Ebb David H. , Frosch Matthew P. , Duhaime Ann-Christine
Published: July 2016

Pediatric spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme is a rare entity with a poor prognosis often presenting with lower extremity weakness or paralysis. Previous literature suggests that aggressive surgical resection may provide overall survival benefit; however, there is limited concurrent analysis demonstrating neurological recovery following surgical resection. We report the case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with complete paraplegia and regained the ability to ambulate independently following subtotal surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. The case demonstrates the balance between meaningful neurological recovery and overall survival when deciding on the extent of resection in cases of pediatric spinal glioblastoma multiforme.
Diffuse Adenomyomatosis of the Gallbladder in a Child
Authors: Eroğlu Nilgün , Erduran Erol , İmamoğlu Mustafa , Sağnak Zeynep , Cansu Ayşegül
Published: July 2016

Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder (ADMG) is characterized by proliferation of the mucosal epithelium and hypertrophy of the muscularis. ADMG is predominantly diagnosed by using ultrasonography. Although ADMG is benign in nature, lithiasis, and chronic inflammation secondary to it may lead to dysplastic changes and cancer. Mucosal invagination through the hypertrophied muscularis results in large intramural diverticula or sinus tracts which are visible at radiology, known as Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Histologically, ADMG manifests with hyperplasia of the muscular layer and proliferation of mucosal glandular tissues. We describe a case of ADMG in an 8-year-old girl presenting with recurrent abdominal pain. Diagnosis was made using ultrasound, and the condition was successfully treated with open cholecystectomy. Ultrasound scanning in children presenting with recurrent abdominal pain may lead to more accurate diagnosis of ADMG during childhood.