bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Practice Profile of Inquiry: Connecting Digital Literacy and Pedagogy
Authors: Casey Leo , Bruce Bertram C.
Published: March 2011

This article elaborates on the Inquiry Cycle as an appropriate model of learning for the digitally enhanced classroom. Its goal is to provide a useful link between theory and pedagogic practice. This involves taking a new look at the concept of digital literacy. The authors propose a conceptual framework connecting classroom practices and elements of the Inquiry Cycle. This framework, including a specific definition of digital literacy in primary schools, draws on the theoretical work of Dewey from which the Inquiry Cycle is derived. The approach was developed and validated in a study of the teaching practices in eight Irish primary school classrooms reported here. A further outcome of this research, the Practice Profile of Inquiry, is introduced and discussed here. The authors propose this as a useful framework to connect instructional strategies and digital media in classroom practice. Furthermore, they suggest that the Practice Profile of Inquiry may be used as a tool to facilitate teachers as they plan projects and classroom activities to optimise learning.
The Contrivance of Mobile Learning: An Actor-Network Perspective on the Emergence of a Research Field
Authors: Decuypere Mathias , Simons Maarten , Masschelein Jan
Published: March 2011

The ongoing development of mobile devices like cell phones, iPods, PDAs, and so on is seen by an increasing number of educationalists as a chance to focus on a new kind of learning. This mobile learning, as it is called, should enable students to learn while on the move. Rather than giving a genealogy of the use of mobile equipment in education, this article tries to add understanding to the processes that made possible the emergence of this new research domain. In doing this, the authors use one specific theoretical approach, actor-network theory, which will lead to a profound elaboration of the processes involved in new, emerging research fields.
Developing Frameworks for Studies on Sedimentary Fluxes and Budgets in Changing Cold Environments
Authors: Beylich Achim , Lamoureux Scott , Decaulne Armelle
Published: March 2011

Developing Frameworks for Studies on Sedimentary Fluxes and Budgets in Changing Cold Environments

Geomorphic processes that are responsible for the transfer of sediments and landform change are highly dependent on climate and vegetation cover. It is anticipated that climate change will have a major impact on the behaviour of Earth surface systems and that the most profound changes will occur in high-latitude and high-altitude cold environments. Collection, comparison and evaluation of data from a range of different high-latitude and high-altitude cold environments are required to permit greater understanding of sedimentary fluxes in cold environments. The focus of the I.A.G./A.I.G. SEDIBUD (Sediment Budgets in Cold Environments) Programme is the analysis of source-to-sink fluxes and sediment budgets in changing cold environments. Establishing contemporary sediment fluxes in a diversity of cold environments will form a baseline for modelling. At a minimum, baseline information from defined SEDIBUD test sites must consist of measures of mean annual precipitation, stream discharge, suspended load, conductivity/TDS and dominant catchment processes. Reports from ongoing studies on sedimentary fluxes and budgets in three selected study sites in Arctic Canada, sub-Arctic Iceland and sub-Arctic Norway are presented and discussed in the context of effects of climate change on process rates and sediment budgets in sensitive cold environments. Comparable datasets and coordinated data collection and data exchange will be of use for the individual studies at the different study sites. In addition, comparable data sets and data exchange will help to improve our understanding of existing relationships between contemporary climate and sedimentary fluxes and will enable larger-scale integrated investigations on effects of climate change in changing cold environments.
Geographic Record of Human Impact Conformance to Different Water Relationships Along a Coastal River (The Łupawa Catchment)
Authors: Drwal Jan , Cieśliński Roman , Fac-Beneda Joanna
Published: March 2011

Geographic Record of Human Impact Conformance to Different Water Relationships Along a Coastal River (The Łupawa Catchment)

The purpose of this paper is to answer the following two questions: Can one infer the type of human impact found in the northern Pomorze region from the current state of the Łupawa basin? Did regional water relationships determine the type of human impact found in the area? A good place to search for an answer to these two questions is the Łupawa River drainage basin. The entire upper section of the river, upstream from the Bukowina, is characterized by a lack of substantial changes in the hydrographic network, resulting from man's apparent disinterest in the area. The middle section of the river is characterized by human impact in the form of the use of water resources for energy generation purposes (sawmills, gristmills, power plants). The lower section of the Łupawa that includes Lake Gardno is characterized by significant changes in water relationships associated with difficult discharge conditions. Finally, the mouth section of the river, given its location, has been adapted as a port facility.
Dynamics of Suspended Material Carried out From the Flysch Bystrzanka Catchment During Selected Rainfall Events in the Period of 1997-2008
Authors: Kijowska Małgorzata , Bochenek Witold
Published: March 2011

Dynamics of Suspended Material Carried out From the Flysch Bystrzanka Catchment During Selected Rainfall Events in the Period of 1997-2008

Hydrometeorological conditions in Research Station in Szymbark were analysed, and then the influence of these conditions on the water level. The investigations were carried out during the selected high stage in the period 1997-2008. Relations between the precipitation totals, discharge and changes of the amount of material carried away were analysed. Percentage of the suspended matter in complete denudation from the catchment area of the Bystrzanka was also assayed. The results showed that more than 95% of suspended material can be carry out in a single flood. Parameters regarding to the transport of suspended matter in the period 1997-2008 were referenced to the same parameters estimated in the period 1971-1979, and the load of suspended material in the review period was higher by 26%.
Is the Coarse-Grid Global Climate Model a Useful Tool for Regional Paleoclimate Reconstruction?
Authors: Szuman Izabela , Czernecki Bartosz
Published: March 2011

Is the Coarse-Grid Global Climate Model a Useful Tool for Regional Paleoclimate Reconstruction?

This study considers the climate at the time of the Weichselian ice sheet maximum in Central Europe, especially in Poland, in respect of the NASA Educational version of Global Climate Model (EdGCM). The final results of the EdGCM simulations for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are presented here and these have been analysed to determine whether or not they are useful for regional scale modelling; the problem being that, in a global climate model, both horizontal and vertical grid resolution is very low. Also, an attempt has been made to define the role of the ice megalobe which, in terms of the numerical coarse-grid model, covered the northern parts of Germany and Poland. The broad details of the climate during the Weichselian are defined and our results are compared with previous opinion. The influence of ice megalobe on regional climate is demonstrated and it is also concluded that a coarse-grid global climate model could be a helpful tool in a regional climate recognition. However, whether at a regional or local scale, it is recommended that a specially-configured version of a Regional Climate Model (RCM) based on Global Climate Model (GCM) boundary conditions be used in similar reconstructions.
Impossible Representation: Edward Albee and the End of Liberal Tragedy
Authors: Robinson Michelle
Published: March 2011

In Modern Tragedy, Raymond Williams expounds on the democratization of the tragic hero and the emergence of a literary formula that focused exclusively on the moral or ethical predicaments of the individual, whose private, quasi-transcendental suffering gained prestige in works by Henrik Ibsen and Arthur Miller. This essay argues that Edward Albee's 2002 play The Goat; or Who is Sylvia? poses a challenge to this liberal formula for tragic theatre and critiques the predominant paradigm of American political life that it embodies. As a dramatic experiment that documents the rupture of the fabric of a family, The Goat tests the limits of generic accommodation, powerfully connecting the event of genre renovation to political regeneration. Albee's deliberations on perversion and hysteria, comic seriousness, and political self-knowledge call into question the legitimacy of liberal contractarianism, illustrating how liberalism is, itself, experienced as contingent and deeply inadequate.
The End of Rhetoric and the Residuum of Pain: Bodying Language in the Theatre of Howard Barker
Authors: Freeland Thomas
Published: March 2011

Language is the setting, the referent, and the subjection of Barker's theatre, an attempt to read experience, to map out – or struggle through – a scaffolding of tropes that can hint at a structure of Being. In the exhaustion of language's moves and counter-moves, what remains is the ravaged body, the death mask of a différed humanism – pain. This article essays a close reading of Howard Barker's epic work The Ecstatic Bible, utilizing a strategy of rhetorical mapping following the work of Paul de Man, confronting language with its limit (or perhaps its apotheosis) in the pain-wracked body, whose terrible vulnerability has been explored at length in the work of Elaine Scarry. The Ecstatic Bible stands revealed as a fable of deconstruction worked through, live, before the audience.
Between Realism and Anti-realism: Deleuze and the Spinozist Tradition in Philosophy
Authors: Bell Jeffrey
Published: March 2011

In 1967, after a talk Deleuze gave to the Society of French Philosophy, Ferdinand Alquié expressed concern during the question and answer session that perhaps Deleuze was relying too heavily upon science and not giving adequate attention to questions and problems that Alquié took to be distinctively philosophical. Deleuze responded by agreeing with Alquié; moreover, he argued that his primary interest was precisely in the metaphysics science needs rather than in the science philosophy needs. This metaphysics, Deleuze argues, is to be done ‘in the style of Whitehead’ rather than the style of Kant, and in developing this metaphysics Deleuze draws heavily on Spinoza. The present essay examines this Deleuzian-Spinozist metaphysics done in the style of Whitehead, the ‘metaphysics science needs’, drawing on the writings of David Hume and Bruno Latour in the process. This discussion will in turn enable us to situate Deleuze's metaphysics in relation to contemporary debates concerning speculative realism and correlationism, and especially Quentin Meillassoux's critique of the latter. Our conclusion will be that the kind of metaphysics Deleuze pursues is neither correlationist nor straightforwardly realist, but rather charts a course between realism and anti-realism.
Deleuze's Tensive Notion of Painting in the Light of Riegl, Wölfflin and Worringer
Authors: Ionescu Vlad
Published: March 2011

Deleuze's Logique de la sensation is not a canonical art historical interpretation of Francis Bacon's painting and even less an illustration of Deleuze's philosophy. It is better read as a prolegomena to a semiotics of plastic art in which the visual image is related to the dialectics of touch and vision. These issues feature strongly in the art theories of Aloïs Riegl, Wilhelm Worringer and Heinrich Wölfflin. This article presents a comparative approach to the relation between Deleuze's and these writers’ conception of the image and attempts to answer the following questions: does a painting appeal strictly to the sense of vision? Does its structure point to a virtual haptic function of vision and if so, does painting overturn the stable hierarchy of senses with vision at the top? Is there a gradual relation between touch and vision? Reading Deleuze reading Riegl, Worringer and Wölfflin offers an occasion to reconsider the image as a tensive surface grasped with a touching eye and seeing hand.
The Interesting, the Remarkable, the Unusual: Deleuze's Grand Style
Authors: Olkowski Dorothea
Published: March 2011

Gilles Deleuze takes up the challenge to create a philosophy of the interesting, the remarkable and the unusual. He does this in what Alain Badiou calls the ‘Grand Style’, the style of Descartes, Spinoza and Kant whose philosophies arise in relation to developments in the natural sciences and mathematics. Grounding himself in the molar-molecular pair, Deleuze sets out a new image of thought. He conceptualises an immanent but still relatively closed, deterministic, atomistic and reversible system that is not immediately reduced to entropic equilibrium because its processes take place on the molecular level, at speeds which he hypothesises are beyond the speed of light. He postulates a manifold, a sphere of immanence that is the entire universe and not merely the Earth or our solar system. It is a system governed by sensitivity to initial starting points and unstable boundaries, thus although it is chaotic as well as probabilistic, it remains a mathematically formal, deterministic system.
Wireless LAN Security Management with Location Detection Capability in Hospitals
Authors: Atarashi H. , Yamaguchi I. , Watanabe H. , Yamamoto R. , Ohe K. , Tanaka K.
Published: March 2011

Objectives: In medical institutions, unauthorized access points and terminals obstruct the stable operation of a large-scale wireless local area network (LAN) system. By establishing a real-time monitoring method to detect such unauthorized wireless devices, we can improve the efficiency of security management.

Methods: We detected unauthorized wireless devices by using a centralized wireless LAN system and a location detection system at 370 access points at the University of Tokyo Hospital. By storing the detected radio signal strength and location information in a database, we evaluated the risk level from the detection history. We also evaluated the location detection performance in our hospital ward using Wi-Fi tags.

Results: The presence of electric waves outside the hospital and those emitted from portable game machines with wireless communication capability was confirmed from the detection result. The location detection performance showed an error margin of approximately 4 m in detection accuracy and approximately 5% in false detection. Therefore, it was effective to consider the radio signal strength as both an index of likelihood at the detection location and an index for the level of risk.

Conclusions: We determined the location of wireless devices with high accuracy by filtering the detection results on the basis of radio signal strength and detection history. Results of this study showed that it would be effective to use the developed location database containing radio signal strength and detection history for security management of wireless LAN systems and more general-purpose location detection applications.
Biomedical Ontologies: Toward Scientific Debate
Authors: Crespo J. , Garcia-Remesal M. , de la Iglesia D. , Pérez-Rey D. , Kulikowski C. , Maojo V.
Published: March 2011

Objectives: Biomedical ontologies have been very successful in structuring knowl edge for many different applications, receiving widespread praise for their utility and potential. Yet, the role of computational ontologies in scientific research, as opposed to knowledge management applications, has not been extensively discussed. We aim to stimulate further discussion on the advantages and challenges presented by biomedical ontologies from a scientific perspective.

Methods: We review various aspects of biomedical ontologies going beyond their practical successes, and focus on some key scientific questions in two ways. First, we analyze and discuss current approaches to improve biomedical ontologies that are based largely on classical, Aristotelian ontological models of reality. Second, we raise various open questions about biomedical ontologies that require further research, analyzing in more detail those related to visual reasoning and spatial ontologies.

Results: We outline significant scientific issues that biomedical ontologies should consider, beyond current efforts of building practical consensus between them. For spatial ontologies, we suggest an approach for building “morphospatial” taxonomies, as an example that could stimulate research on fundamental open issues for biomedical ontologies.

Conclusions: Analysis of a large number of problems with biomedical ontologies suggests that the field is very much open to alternative interpretations of current work, and in need of scientific debate and discussion that can lead to new ideas and research directions.
Etude des troubles précoces du contact social à partir de l'analyse des films familiaux chez des nourrissons de la naissance à 6 mois ultérieurement diagnostiqués autistes
Authors: Brisson Julie , Serres Josette , Gattegno Maria Pilar , Adrien Jean-Louis
Published: March 2011

Résumé Bien que l’autisme soit caractérisé par une apparition précoce des troubles, il n’est pourtant pas diagnostiqué suffisamment tôt. C’est pourquoi les recherches actuelles s’intéressent aux signes précoces de l’autisme, notamment par l’observation des films familiaux. Notre étude s’attache à comparer les comportements des bébés autistes (n = 7), à ceux des bébés tout-venant (n = 12) ou présentant un retard mental (n = 6), à 1, 3 et 5 mois. L’intérêt de cette étude est double : à la fois théorique, en se focalisant sur une période d’âge encore peu étudiée, et méthodologique grâce à une méthode d’analyse rigoureuse. Les résultats mettent en évidence des caractéristiques comportementales qui permettent de différencier les enfants au niveau posturo-moteur, social, et non social.
Les morts de la rue. Aspects historiques
Authors: Biotti-Mache Françoise
Published: March 2011

Résumé Depuis la naissance des civilisations urbaines, il y a quelques 10 000 ans, les rues sont un des lieux où risques et dangers surviennent et où la mort s’étale. Des catastrophes naturelles aux catastrophes provoquées par l’être humain, l’afflux des populations vers les villes va multiplier les conditions de leur propre mort. Le développement puis la richesse des villes vont attirer vers elles tous ceux que la terre ne pourra plus nourrir, créant une surpopulation qui engendrera très vite misère et faim qui vont devenir une des dramatiques constantes de la vie urbaine. L’émergence de la criminalité dans les rues des cités de l’Antiquité ne pouvait laisser présager ce que la délinquance urbaine allait devenir et comment elle n’allait jamais cesser et, jamais cesser de s’endurcir, jusqu’à nos jours. Pendant plus de mille ans en Occident et, particulièrement, en France, une course à la salubrité va s’engager entre citadins, pouvoirs royal, municipal et religieux, et elle ne sera gagner qu’au prix de la transformation radicale des villes et des modes de vie et après la survenue de maladies, d’épidémies qui feront des millions de morts et feront vaciller le devenir de la démographie occidentale sur ses bases. Mourir dans les rues est une forme de mort imposée par la misère, la faim, la maladie, les catastrophes naturelles, la criminalité, les accidents, la surpopulation, l’insalubrité, les révolutions et émeutes, les massacres, mais aussi dépendante des villes et de leur configuration, de leurs crises, de leurs habitants. En passant dans les rues de leur ville, les citadins sont rarement conscients de la multiplicité des risques et des dangers qui les menacent. On croit que les rues modernes sont différentes des rues d’autrefois et que les progrès de l’urbanisme, de la médecine mettent les citadins à l’abri de la grande majorité de ces causes de morts. Ce n’est que très partiellement vrai, et l’expérience historique enseigne que bien peu de causes ont disparu et que, a contrario, de nouvelles raisons de mourir dans les rues sont apparues. À travers quelques tableaux historiques, nous avons essayé d’évoquer l’évolution des villes et le souvenir de tous ces morts des rues.
Vers des nouveaux sens de la mort
Authors: Meca Pedro
Published: March 2011

Résumé La mort des personnes à la rue interpelle notre société. Comment se fait-il qu’une des sociétés les plus riches au monde puisse admettre sans se révolter, que de citoyens vivent et meurent dans de telles conditions ? C’est notre fond profond d’humanité qui se trouve blessé. Comment nous guérir ?
Du cadavre au défunt ou du placard au salon, avant de quitter la scène
Authors: Larribe Pierre
Published: March 2011

Résumé Les gestes de toilette et d’habillage vont rendre au cadavre une « humanité » qui en fera un défunt fréquentable, en capacité de quitter sereinement le monde des vivants. Les principaux gestes qui peuvent être mis en œuvre, tant ceux qui sont à la portée des familles que ceux qui relèvent d’un savoir-faire professionnel, sont présentés dans leur modalité et leur finalité.
La mort imminente et l'hallucinatoire salutaire
Authors: Le Maléfan Pascal
Published: March 2011

Résumé Nous souhaitons attirer l’attention sur des configurations et des dimensions a priori paradoxales dans un contexte traumatique extrême. Comment en effet situer et interpréter des récits de sujets confrontés à une mort imminente qui laissent entendre que ce fut une expérience bienheureuse dont ils gardent un souvenir impossible à effacer ? L’exemple que nous exposons, celui de Aron Ralston, en est une illustration saisissante. S’y révèle que la mort est bien, de structure, toujours anticipée.
1848 et le Parti démocratique espagnol
Authors: Peyrou Florencia
Published: March 2011

Résumé L’historiographie spécialisée dans les révolutions de 1848 a traditionnellement considéré que l’Espagne n’avait pas fait partie des événements européens. Cet article souligne que, bien au contraire, ceux-ci, et surtout la révolution française, eurent un impact considérable dans la vie politique espagnole. D’une part, des tentatives révolutionnaires s’y produisirent tout au long de l’année, et le pays est resté jusqu’en 1849 soumis à des lois d’exception. D’autre part, la nécessité de faire face à la crise ouverte par les journées de février provoqua la fracture du libéralisme dit progressiste et la naissance du Parti démocratique espagnol, qui fut créé en avril 1849 avec le concours des libéraux démocrates et républicains. Les événements de 1848 initièrent la division interne du bloc conservateur au pouvoir, qui finit par tomber suite à la révolution de 1854.
Les pérégrinations de l'évergétisme en Méditerranée orientale du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle : éthique chrétienne, technologie de gouvernement et concept historiographique
Authors: Anastassiadis Anastassios
Published: March 2011

Résumé Il existe aujourd’hui deux trajectoires parallèles du concept d’évergétisme : celle de son histoire en tant que concept historiographique relatif à l’Antiquité depuis le début du XX e siècle, popularisé par Paul Veyne, et celle de son actualité économique en tant que mécénat. Ces deux trajectoires se sont autrefois enchevêtrées et disposent d’un passé commun. Leurs racines peuvent être identifiées non pas dans l’Antiquité mais à la fin du XVIII e siècle, avec l’intégration progressive de l’Empire ottoman dans l’ordre politique et le système économique européens et la multiplication de pratiques de bienfaisance parmi les populations orthodoxes de l’Empire. Au XIX e siècle, ces pratiques innovantes de bienfaisance se développèrent à travers une réinterprétation de la morale confessionnelle traditionnelle qui libéra les énergies individuelles entrepreneuriales. Elles furent englobées dans un discours uniformisant et idéologisé qui utilisait le concept d’évergétisme pour désigner de manière indifférenciée l’Antiquité ou le gouvernement de l’État grec du XIX e siècle.
De la mise à l'épreuve des individus au gouvernement de soi
Authors: Vrancken Didier
Published: March 2011

Résumé Depuis quelques années, le concept d’« épreuve » connaît un indéniable succès en sciences sociales. Bien sûr, les acceptions sont multiples, les approches théoriques également. Nous assisterions toutefois aujourd’hui à une tentative de reformulation de la question sociale, visant à percevoir celle-ci comme une succession d’épreuves individuelles mettant en scène des victimes appelées à parler, à prendre la parole et à livrer le récit de leur infortune dans toute une série de dispositifs d’aide et d’intervention. Ces dispositifs voient peu à peu le jour dans des secteurs aussi différents que ceux de l’aide sociale, de l’insertion professionnelle, de l’aide à la jeunesse, des politiques de la ville, de la santé, de la santé mentale et dans tous ces lieux où se joue la construction contemporaine d’un sujet que l’on voudrait plus actif, impliqué, responsable ou encore autonome.
L'expression culturelle de la protestation dans un ancien bassin charbonnier
Authors: Verschueren Nicolas
Published: March 2011

Résumé La seconde moitié des années 1970 a été marquée par le succès des formes culturelles de la contestation sociale apparues lors des premières années de l’après-prospérité. Cette recherche vise à décrypter le contenu de ces expressions culturelles pour étudier les conséquences de la reconversion sur la population ouvrière du Borinage. En dépit des tentatives de relance de l’activité industrielle régionale, ce bassin charbonnier belge était confronté à sa deuxième crise sociale et économique en une vingtaine d’années. Les pièces de théâtre créées par les ouvrières en lutte ou les chants de protestation composés lors des occupations d’usine constituent une source historique originale pour observer la transition sociale et culturelle d’un ancien bassin charbonnier. Ces expressions culturelles de la contestation lors des fermetures des usines du Borinage servent de révélateur à une mutation identitaire où se croisent héritage des luttes des mineurs et combat d’une génération née au lendemain du déclin charbonnier.
Le politique a-t-il déserté le théâtre-action ?
Authors: Brahy Rachel
Published: March 2011

Résumé Les pratiques culturelles participatives mises en place dans les années 1970 souffriraient, de nos jours, d’un effet de recyclage dépolitisant. À une organisation claire et bipolaire du monde (en « classes sociales » et en « blocs ») se serait aujourd’hui substitué un chaos postmoderne où la question du politique peine à être pensée. Qu’en est-il des pratiques théâtrales d’animation ? Le théâtre-action s’est-il vu progressivement vidé de sa substance politique ? Est-il devenu un simple outil au service du traitement de la question sociale ?
Théâtre identitaire ou théâtre universaliste
Authors: Hamidi-Kim Bérénice
Published: March 2011

Résumé Alors que le cinquantenaire des indépendances a suscité autant de célébrations que de critiques desdites célébrations, l’enjeu du présent texte est de faire une étude comparée de deux spectacles récents qui ont en commun d’envisager le fait colonial comme un temps au passé mais également comme part du temps présent : Bloody Niggers (Dorcy Rugamba, Jacques Delcuvellerie, 2007) et Vive la France (Mohamed Rouabhi, 2006). Ces deux spectacles critiquent du même mouvement les survivances, les résurgences et les nouvelles formes de domination entre anciennes puissances coloniales et anciennes colonies, entre descendants de colons et descendants de colonisés. Peut-on alors qualifier ce théâtre de « postcolonial » ? S’agit-il d’un théâtre « identitaire » comme l’affirme Gérard Noiriel à propos de l’œuvre de Mohamed Rouabhi, ou d’un théâtre universaliste ? Entend-il faire œuvre historique ou prendre parti au sein d’une guerre des mémoires ? Poser ces questions suppose d’interroger le « au nom de quoi » et le « à partir d’où » de la dénonciation, ce qui implique de considérer avec attention la récurrence de certains choix esthétiques : l’utilisation de matériaux documentaires, le jeu sur la frontalité de l’adresse au public dans une forme-procès et la mise en scène d’une subjectivité indignée. Nous posons l’hypothèse que cette entrée dramaturgique permet de mettre au jour une force spécifique de la critique artistique susceptible d’œuvrer à la relance du projet critique.
L'occupation des terres et la lutte pour la reconnaissance : l'expérience des sans-terre au Brésil
Authors: Bleil Susana
Published: March 2011

Résumé Au Brésil, la lutte des sans-terre existe depuis plus de vingt ans. Mais un grand nombre des caractéristiques de ce mouvement reste encore peu étudié et relativement obscur. L’article de Susana Bleil est issu d’un long travail de terrain. Il a pour objectif d’analyser les moyens d’actions et les valeurs mobilisées par les « sans-terre » lorsqu’ils s’installent sur une portion de territoire. « Se montrer digne » et « se faire respecter » par la population voisine ne va pas de soi. Pour illustrer cette difficulté, l’auteure s’attarde plus longuement sur l’exemple de la coopérative agricole Copavi 1 et sur la façon dont ses membres vont accomplir, dès leur arrivée sur la terre choisie, des actions qui leur permettent de faire face à, voire de retourner, la stigmatisation opérée par l’opinion publique et construite par les médias.
Edificación para un desarrollo sostenible: una actividad modal
Authors: Tendero R. , García de Viedma M.
Published: March 2011

Se proponen algunas consideraciones previas a actuaciones de cualquier tipo cuyo objetivo sea colaborar a un desarrollo humano sostenible. La justificación de estas consideraciones se deduce de declaraciones, normas y leyes de amplio consenso. Su exposición se ordena en principios que deben considerarse en cualquier actuación, aunque se han pensado para su aplicación a las fases del proceso edilicio.
Establecer con claridad estos principios permitirá comprobar la validez para el objetivo propuesto de indicadores, herramientas de diseño, programación y evaluación, procesos de ejecución, edificios, sistemas incluidos en ellos, uso durante y después de su vida útil, mantenimiento,….
Este enfoque permite la elaboración de sistemas de comprobación relacional e interactiva en el entorno físico, social, económico y de la naturaleza de las instituciones, con la finalidad de un desarrollo humano sostenible.
Esto permitirá una reflexión sobre las decisiones inherentes al proyecto de edificación con suficiente perspectiva para conseguir su colaboración con un desarrollo sostenible.
Estado actual de la gestión de residuos de construcción y demolición: limitaciones
Authors: Morán del Pozo J. M. , Juan Valdés A. , Aguado P. J. , Guerra M. I. , Medina C.
Published: March 2011

El sector de la construcción ha crecido de forma exponencial en las últimas décadas y con él, la producción de residuos generados, estimándose esta en 2 kg por habitante y día, lo que representa una magnitud escalofriante. Para solucionar este problema la administración promueve comportamientos ecológicos respecto a la gestión de residuos de construcción y demolición (producción y posterior manejo y utilización de los mismos) a través de la redacción de normas que regulen el tema.
Estas normas presentan importantes carencias y limitaciones. Si estas carencias y limitaciones no se resuelven, el proceso encaminado a mejorar la sostenibilidad se interrumpe y las medidas tomadas hasta el momento se vuelven ineficaces.
Este trabajo pretende poner de manifiesto estos problemas a fin de evitarlos, de forma que todos los agentes implicados conozcan el importante papel que desempeñan en la correcta gestión.
Comportamiento bajo cargas estáticas de sistemas provisionales de protección de borde realizados con elementos de acero
Authors: González M. N. , Cobo A. , Fuente J. V. , Bresó S. , Lozano C.
Published: March 2011

La norma UNE-EN 13374 “Sistemas provisionales de protección de borde. Especificaciones del producto, métodos de ensayo” (1) clasifica los sistemas provisionales de protección de borde (SPPB) en tres clases (A, B y C), en función del ángulo de la superficie de trabajo y de la altura de caída de la persona a proteger. Los sistemas clase A son los indicados cuando la inclinación de la superficie de trabajo es menor de 10º. La norma establece los requisitos de flecha y de resistencia de los SPPB. Los requisitos se pueden comprobar tanto analítica como experimentalmente.
El objetivo del trabajo ha sido la evaluación del comportamiento de los SPPB utilizados habitualmente en las obras y establecer los cambios necesarios para que cumplan con la norma UNE-EN 13374. Para ello se han evaluado analítica y experimentalmente tres SPPB clase A, fabricados con acero S235.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, el sistema empleado de forma habitual en obras no supera los requisitos de la norma ni analítica ni experimentalmente. El tercer sistema supera los requisitos con las dos metodologías de análisis. El segundo sistema supera los requisitos cuando la evaluación se realiza analíticamente pero no cuando la vía utilizada es la experimental.
Prótesis metálicas para la reparación de cabezas de vigas de madera degradadas
Authors: González-Bravo C. , Arriaga F. , Íñiguez-González G. , Maldonado L.
Published: March 2011

Se describe un procedimiento para la consolidación de viguetas de forjado de madera con deterioro en las cabezas mediante perfiles de acero conectados a la madera desde la cara superior del forjado. La pieza de refuerzo es un perfil en U de acero S275 conformado en frío con pletinas soldadas insertadas en la madera y conectada mediante tirafondos.
Se ensayaron 30 piezas a flexión obteniendo la rigidez y la capacidad de carga. Las probetas se dividieron en tres grupos. El primero compuesto por 10 piezas de madera laminada encolada de abeto con una sección de 180 x 200 mm y una longitud de 4.000 mm; el
segundo consistía en 10 piezas de madera aserrada de pino silvestre con la misma sección y longitud y, el tercero, estaba formado por otras 10 piezas de madera del género Pinus con una sección de 130 x 150 mm y 3.000 mm de longitud, procedentes de un edificio de Madrid con 120 años de antigüedad. Cada grupo de 10 piezas se dividió a su vez en dos grupos de 5 piezas. El primer subgrupo estaba formado por las piezas completas de madera y constituía el grupo de referencia. Las piezas del segundo subgrupo tenían una longitud inferior que se salvaba con una extensión del refuerzo metálico.
Los resultados indican que el sistema de refuerzo metálico permite resolver los problemas de falta de apoyo de la vigueta por deterioro de la madera que afecte en una longitud limitada (aproximadamente entre el 10 y el 20% de la longitud).
Inspección mediante técnicas no destructivas de un edificio histórico: oratorio San Felipe Neri (Cádiz)
Authors: Rodríguez Liñán C. , Morales Conde Ma J. , Rubio de Hita P. , Pérez Gálvez F.
Published: March 2011

El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer los resultados obtenidos al aplicar técnicas no destructivas de inspección (ultrasonidos y termografía) durante las obras de reparación de un edificio de gran valor histórico y artístico.
Estas técnicas no destructivas se han aplicado en la inspección de la cubierta de madera del edificio para detectar distintos estados de deterioro, pérdidas de densidad y defectos, con el objetivo de evaluar su estado de conservación. Se ha realizado un trabajo de campo donde se ha aplicado ambas técnicas conjuntamente, los ultrasonidos, técnica eficaz para establecer el diagnóstico de una estructura de madera, y la termografía, técnica menos experimentada en la inspección in situ de este material. El objetivo es acotar el alcance y las posibilidades reales de utilización de cada una de las técnicas. En este sentido, se aplica la metodología de ultrasonidos desarrollada y publicada por las autoras y se estudia la termografía como herramienta de inspección in situ analizando las dificultades añadidas y parámetros de interferencia no detectados en laboratorio.
Las conclusiones del trabajo ponen de manifiesto que la unión de la técnica de ultrasonidos y la termografía constituyen una buena herramienta para la inspección in situ de las estructuras de madera y para evaluar sus condiciones permitiendo establecer un diagnóstico adecuado. La termografía permite detectar distintos contenidos de humedad y distintos materiales y, por otro lado, los ultrasonidos los distintos grados de deterioro o pérdida de densidad en zonas localizadas con elevado contenido de humedad de las piezas.
Therapeutic Implications of Targeting AKT Signaling in Melanoma
Authors: Madhunapantula SubbaRao V. , Robertson Gavin P.
Published: March 2011

Identification of key enzymes regulating melanoma progression and drug resistance has the potential to lead to the development of novel, more effective targeted agents for inhibiting this deadly form of skin cancer. The Akt3, also known as protein kinase B gamma, pathway enzymes regulate diverse cellular processes including proliferation, survival, and invasion thereby promoting the development of melanoma. Accumulating preclinical evidence demonstrates that therapeutic agents targeting these kinases alone or in combination with other pathway members could be effective for the long-term treatment of advanced-stage disease. However, currently, no selective and effective therapeutic agent targeting these kinases has been identified for clinical use. This paper provides an overview of the key enzymes of the PI3K pathway with emphasis placed on Akt3 and the negative regulator of this kinase called PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10). Mechanisms regulating these enzymes, their substrates and therapeutic implications of targeting these proteins to treat melanoma are also discussed. Finally, key issues that remain to be answered and future directions for interested researchers pertaining to this signaling cascade are highlighted.
Psychosis in Alzheimer′s Disease in the National Alzheimer′s Disease Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set: Clinical Correlates and Association with Apolipoprotein E
Authors: DeMichele-Sweet Mary Ann A. , Lopez Oscar L. , Sweet Robert A.
Published: March 2011

Approximately 50% of late‐onset Alzheimer′s disease (AD) patients develop psychosis (AD+P), a heritable phenotype associated with more rapid cognitive decline. Prior studies conflict regarding whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) ϵ4 alleles are associated with AD+P, possibly due to small sample sizes, inconsistent diagnostic criteria, and different methodologies to assess psychosis. We used the National Alzheimer′s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set to evaluate the largest uniformly characterized sample of AD+P subjects studied to date for the association of APOE ϵ4 genotype, along with other demographic and clinical variables. Greater cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms were associated with AD+P, while the Caucasian race was protective. Neither APOE ϵ4 carrier status nor allele number was associated with psychosis. The AD+P phenotype is not associated with the APOE ϵ4 genotype. AD+P may represent a useful phenotype for the discovery of non‐APOE ϵ4 genetic variation contributing to the risk of AD.
The Effect of Varying Short-Chain Alkyl Substitution on the Molar Absorptivity and Quantum Yield of Cyanine Dyes
Authors: Chapman Gala , Henary Maged , Patonay Gabor
Published: March 2011

The effect of varying short-chain alkyl substitution of the indole nitrogens on the spectroscopic properties of cyanine dyes was examined. Molar absorptivities and fluorescence quantum yields were determined for a set of pentamethine dyes and a set of heptamethine dyes for which the substitution of the indole nitrogen was varied. For both sets of dyes, increasing alkyl chain length resulted in no significant change in quantum yield or molar absorptivity. These results may be useful in designing new cyanine dyes for analytical applications and predicting their spectroscopic properties.
H HRMAS NMR Derived Bio-markers Related to Tumor Grade, Tumor Cell Fraction, and Cell Proliferation in Prostate Tissue Samples
Authors: Stenman Katarina , Stattin Pär , Stenlund Hans , Riklund Katrine , Gröbner Gerhard , Bergh Anders
Published: March 2011

A high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopic approach is presented for evaluating the occurrence, amount and aggressiveness of cancer in human prostate tissue samples. Using this technique, key metabolites in malignant and non-malignant samples (n = 149) were identified, and patterns of their relative abundance were analyzed by multivariate statistical methods. Ratios of various metabolites – including (glycerophophorylcholine + phosphorylcholine)/creatine, myo-inositol/scyllo-inositol, scyllo-inositol/creatine, choline/creatine, and citrate/creatine – correlated with: i) for non-malignant tissue samples, the distance to the nearest tumor and its Gleason score and; ii) the fraction of tumor cells present in the sample; and iii) tumor cell proliferation (Ki67 labelling index). This NMR-based approach allows the extraction of information that could be useful for developing novel diagnostic methods for prostate cancer.
PCCR: Pancreatic Cancer Collaborative Registry
Authors: Sherman Simon , Shats Oleg , Ketcham Marsha A. , Anderson Michelle A. , Whitcomb David C. , Lynch Henry T. , Ghiorzo Paola , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Sasson Aaron R. , Grizzle William E. , Haynatzki Gleb , Feng Jianmin , Sherman Alexander , Kinarsky Leo , Brand Randall E.
Published: March 2011

The Pancreatic Cancer Collaborative Registry (PCCR) is a multi-institutional web-based system aimed to collect a variety of data on pancreatic cancer patients and high-risk subjects in a standard and efficient way. The PCCR was initiated by a group of experts in medical oncology, gastroenterology, genetics, pathology, epidemiology, nutrition, and computer science with the goal of facilitating rapid and uniform collection of critical information and biological samples to be used in developing diagnostic, prevention and treatment strategies against pancreatic cancer. The PCCR is a multi-tier web application that utilizes Java/JSP technology and has Oracle 10 g database as a back-end. The PCCR uses a “confederation model” that encourages participation of any interested center, irrespective of its size or location. The PCCR utilizes a standardized approach to data collection and reporting, and uses extensive validation procedures to prevent entering erroneous data. The PCCR controlled vocabulary is harmonized with the NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) or Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT). The PCCR questionnaire has accommodated standards accepted in cancer research and healthcare. Currently, seven cancer centers in the USA, as well as one center in Italy are participating in the PCCR. At present, the PCCR database contains data on more than 2,700 subjects (PC patients and individuals at high risk of getting this disease). The PCCR has been certified by the NCI Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology as a cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid (caBIG®) Bronze Compatible product. The PCCR provides a foundation for collaborative PC research. It has all the necessary prerequisites for subsequent evolution of the developed infrastructure from simply gathering PC-related data into a biomedical computing platform vital for successful PC studies, care and treatment. Studies utilizing data collected in the PCCR may engender new approaches to disease prognosis, risk factor assessment, and therapeutic interventions.
Isoniazid-Induced Severe Hepatotoxicity: An Infrequent but Preventable Cause of Liver Failure in Children Treated for Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Desrochers Dan , González-Peralta Regino P. , McClenathan Daniel T. , Wilsey Michael J. , Haafiz Allah
Published: March 2011

Isoniazid (INH) monotherapy has gained widespread acceptance as an efficacious therapy for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) especially in low-prevalence settings. Although INH related hepatotoxicity is well recognized, progression to severe liver dysfunction requiring care at a transplant center remains unpredictable. We report the management of a five year-old girl who developed progressive liver failure due to INH prophylaxis. This highlights the potential severity of INH related hepatic injury and underscores the significance of vigilant clinical monitoring throughout the duration of the therapy in children.
Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Kemp William , Roberts Stuart
Published: March 2011

The management of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a rapidly evolving field. New treatment paradigms are emerging due to an improved understanding of the host-viral interaction and the recent development of novel anti-viral therapies. Nevertheless, combination therapy with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribarivin (RBV) remains the cornerstone of the treatment of CHC and will likely remain so for the foreseeable future. Over the past decade treatment regimens involving peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy have evolved from initial fixed dosing schedules to more recent individualized response-guided schedules that utilize on-treatment virological responses to determine treatment duration. The future of CHC treatment in the near to medium term is likely to involve the use of PEG-IFN and RBV in conjunction with potent and specific direct acting anti-viral agents (DAA) (protease +/- polymerase inhibitors). This review will focus on the use of PEG-IFN and RBV in the treatment of CHC as well as provide insight into how DAA agents may be used with this therapy as we enter the era of specifically targeted antiviral therapy for HCV.
Abelian Gradings on Upper Block Triangular Matrices
Authors: Valenti Angela , Zaicev Mikhail
Published: March 2011

Let G be an arbitrary finite abelian group. We describe all possible G-gradings on upper block triangular matrix algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.
How Necessary are Hip Restrictions for Avoiding Dislocation following Hemiarthroplasty or Total Hip Arthroplasty in Older Patients with a Hip Fracture?
Authors: Stewart Lisa S P , McMillan Ian R
Published: March 2011

Purpose:

It is common practice for health care professionals to encourage hip fracture patients to adhere to a set of guidelines to prevent potential hip dislocation, so-called ‘hip restrictions’, following either hemiarthroplasty (partial) or total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this critical review was to investigate the factors influencing dislocation for hip fracture patients who had undergone hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty and whether there was evidence to support compliance with hip restrictions following surgery.

Method:

A search of published literature was carried out to collect the most relevant and highest level evidence available. It was considered important to determine what previous research had accomplished and which studies might have an indirect or implied relationship to the topic. This critical review investigates the literature available and whether studies carried out can inform current clinical practice.

Findings:

The evidence indicates that, for hemiarthroplasty, the surgical approach has a strong influence on the dislocation rate and the recommendation is that, if using an anterolateral approach, restricting hip movement following surgery is unnecessary. For total hip arthroplasty, the dislocation rate is higher in those requiring total hip arthroplasty following a hip fracture (trauma) than for those undergoing an elective, planned procedure.

Conclusion:

The limited body of research regarding compliance with hip restrictions and influence on the dislocation rate refers to elective, planned surgery only. Because the traumatic hip fracture population is entirely different from the elective population, the outcomes for the elective population cannot be generalised to those with a hip fracture in a trauma setting.