bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical model for calculating transients of a single-pole synchronous machine of longitudinally transverse excitation
Authors: Norkhojaeva N. N. , Pirmatov N. B. , Kamalov N. K.
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of studies of synchronous machines of longitudinally transverse excitation operating in the drives of rolling mills with a sharply alternating shock load, provides an algorithm for compiling a mathematical model using a system of differential equations of the Gorev Park, taking into account the parameters of longitudinally transverse excitation windings, provides a comparative analysis of the calculation results with the results of experiments on a physical model.
Analysis of the amplitude of vertical oscillations of the main shaft on a sewing machine
Authors: Norkhojaeva A.Dj. , Kurbanova I.I. , Mansurova M.A.
Published: August 2023

The article provides a mathematical model of the vertical oscillations of the main shaft on the elastic supports of the sewing machine, taking into account inertial forces, as well as the rigidity characteristics of the rubber shaft supports. The regularities of the main shaft designs are experimentally determined for various modes of grinding materials. An effective design scheme of bearing supports with rubber shock absorbers of the main shaft of a sewing machine has been developed and recommended.
Increasing machinability by cutting workpieces of parts made of heat-resistant stainless steels by high-temperature embrittlement
Authors: Nikiforov I.P.
Published: August 2023

Heat-resistant alloyed stainless steels are increasingly being used for critical machine parts. The limited scope of application of heat-resistant stainless steels is due to their high strength and toughness that make them difficult to machine, allowing these materials to be classified as difficult to machine. It is proposed to solve the problem of poor machinability by means of high-temperature embrittlement of material arising at achievement of a certain temperature interval in the machining zone. When high-temperature embrittlement phase appears, strength and toughness of heat-resistant stainless steels decrease, machinability of material improves, which is accompanied by reduction of cutting force and power consumption during machining, reduction of tool wear intensity and transformation of drain type of chips into element type.
Magnetic-abrasive polishing capabilities
Authors: Nikiforov Igor
Published: August 2023

Finishing is a basic requirement for obtaining the required surface quality in the production of various components used in many industries. A relatively new finishing process, called magnetic abrasive finishing, is used for the finishing of complex shaped surfaces. This article presents the latest developments in magnetic abrasive polishing and describes the results obtained by various research scientists based on their experiments in the field of magnetic abrasive polishing.
Impact of the temperature factor on the quality of road clothes
Authors: Khalilov R.
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the problems of designing roads associated with short-term and relatively long-term rhythms of temperature fluctuations. The results of temperature changes in the long-term cycle in the Jizzakh region of Uzbekistan are presented. Based on the importance of the temperature factor, measures to prevent the process of destruction of asphalt concrete road surfaces are recommended.
Improving of the methodology for the economic justification of business decisions at agricultural enterprises based on the interests of consumers
Authors: Simonyan Tatyana , Tsvetcova Svetlana , Kolgan Maria , Medvedeva Yulia , Oleynikova Yulia
Published: August 2023

The improved method of evaluating the economic efficiency of projects for agricultural machinery modernization is developed and tested in the study. Traditional approaches are based on the use of investment project analysis methods to determine the economic efficiency of agricultural machinery modernization for the manufacturer. The suggested method includes the application of an integrated approach to evaluate the economic efficiency of equipment upgrade for both the manufacturer and the consumer. Benefits for the consumer are determined based on the specifics of developed technical solutions, which can be aimed at increasing the output of the machine, reducing operating costs, etc. The suggested method is tested using the example of analyzing the economic efficiency of the project for upgrading the pre-start system of the tractor engine with the application of a phase transition heat accumulator. The analysis conducted shows sufficient economic viability of technical solutions for both the manufacturer and the consumer of the tractor and indicates the potential for successful use of the improved method.
A sustainable lending strategy considering the impact of dispositive factors
Authors: Kovalerova Lyudmila , Savinova Evgeniya , Mandron Victoria , Baranova Irina
Published: August 2023

The article analyses the factors of credit relations of an organisation under modern economic conditions. The purpose of the study is to find ways to ensure sustainable development and improve bank credit activities. The relevance is determined in connection with the rapid growth of the population's debts and the accumulation of multiple risks. As a result of the research ways of perfection of credit relations of the bank on the basis of consideration of dispositive factors, including creation of clear system of subordination and further development of service system and development of the bank, analysis and estimation of solvency of the client are presented.
Interdisciplinary approach to investigating capital of territories with unbalanced development
Authors: Sitnova Inna , Barlybaev Adigam , Ishnazarov Diyaz , Ishnazarova Zulfiya , Nasyrov Gazinur
Published: August 2023

Multidimensionality, diversity, and multiplicity of changes occurring today at the level of territorial locations of various scales significantly actualise the resource component of the processes of life in the territories, since the positive dynamics of development of any socio-economic system is based on the provision of each stage with the necessary resources for development. It is even more significant for the territories with unbalanced development, since the lack of balance in the development of territories is often a consequence of violations in the resource provision of this process. All the above determines the relevance of the study of the capital of the territory with unbalanced development with the designation as the subject of the study of the need to form an appropriate interdisciplinary approach based on the optimal combination of theoretical and methodological components of the sciences that study the capital of the territory. The aim of the study is to summarize the components of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the interdisciplinary approach to the study of different types of territorial capital; to identify specific features of the theoretical and methodological components of the sciences that study different types of territorial capital; to identify common intersections and prospects of interdisciplinary tools, methods, formats in the study of territorial capital with imbalanced development. The methodological basis of the study will be a set of general and private scientific methods, the use of which allows to achieve the goal of the study. The expected results of the study are a conceptual framework that will in the future form a unified interdisciplinary theoretical and methodological approach to the study of capital of a territory with unbalanced development.
Adaptation of investment analysis to the features of socially oriented investments
Authors: Malevskaia-Malevich Ekaterina , Babkin Alexander , Kudryashov Vadim , Klimov Ilya
Published: August 2023

The current trend in the transition of the economy from a linear to a circular model implies, among other things, a reorientation of target indicators from cost criteria in favour of social and environmental significance. The sustainable development of the economy requires the complex interaction of all market players, the awareness of consumers and producers, investments from the state, as well as the attraction of private capital. Socially significant investments in ESG projects have a number of distinctive features, which makes it impossible to assess their effectiveness by the usual criteria for investment analysis. Methods for assessing the social return on investment today certainly exist and are being developed, but their perception, interpretation and, in particular, areas of practical application remain insufficiently accessible. This article is devoted to the analysis of the SROI indicator, as a generally accepted criterion for measuring the social return on investment, as well as the peculiarities of using this indicator for Russian investors. The purpose of the study is to analyse the existing methods for evaluating the effectiveness of investments in ESG projects, taking into account the specifics of the Russian economy in the current realities. Research objectives: To identify the main known methods in the field of evaluating investments in ESG projects; To identify the main problems when using international methods in the practice of assessing socially significant investments in the Russian market; Suggest ways to solve the identified problems.
The influence of the innovative mechanism of procurement on the implementation of managerial and organizational work of a research and production enterprise
Authors: Kiryakova M.V. , Nguyen Zui Cuong , Bogacheva M.V. , Girich I.V. , Maltsev A.V.
Published: August 2023

The article discusses the innovative mechanism of procurement, its features, factors and elements (both stimulating and limiting its development), as well as possible negative consequences that may arise during its implementation. The modern domestic economic system literally requires reforming and innovative transformation of the procurement system, because the procurement activity is the one that is an important tool for regulating the development of not only various innovative and scientific-industrial sectors, but also the country's economy as a whole. Taking into account this fact, the author emphasizes that in the conditions of the modern market; an innovative procurement mechanism needs adaptation and prompt restructuring to the current requirements of trade and market policies. The author of the article pays special attention to the role of influence and features that have direct impact on the formation and nature of the implementation of the principle of innovation of procurement in the management model of domestic research and production enterprises. The innovative mechanism is a composition of various managerial and economic processes, which, in turn, is focused on increasing the efficiency of the company’s activity and development as the main goal. The article analyzes the main factors that have direct impact on the process of implementing the innovative procurement mechanism, provides recommendations of how to improve the innovative transformation and efficiency of the procurement process of products of research and production enterprises within the domestic economy.
Digital transformation of banks as a way to sustainable development of the economy
Authors: Jiyanova Nargiza , Azimjonova Shavkat Kizi Malika , Umarova Azizakhon , Makhkambaev Abdulkhak , Akramova Nargiza
Published: August 2023

The article analyzes the features and modern trends of the transformation of commercial banks, the main challenges and also provides a comparative assessment of the transformation of domestic banks with the banks of developed countries in the period of economic instability, examines standards for reforming the banking sector, as well as international experience in digital transformation of the sector. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the transformation of the banking sector is strongly influenced by governmental regulators, the level of digitalization of the economy, corporate culture in banks and the presence of a clear strategy for the gradual development of banking activities.
Environmental crimes: concept and characteristics
Authors: Lang Petr
Published: August 2023

The article analyses the theoretical provisions of the system of environmental crimes in the Russian Federation. The positions of modern authors concerning the main characteristics of the crimes studied are studied. The main objective of this work is to develop a comprehensive definition of the concept of "environmental crimes", highlighting their characteristics and its relationship with related categories. The relevance of the present study is first determined by the steady growth of quantitative and qualitative indicators of national crime, which indicates the inefficiency of existing mechanisms of criminal law counteraction to environmental crimes. The author believes that the resolution of applied problems directly related to the practical activities of law enforcement agencies is possible only with the resolution of basic theoretical issues, among which a special place is given to theoretical and conceptual aspects of environmental crimes. Thus, the problematic of the concept and characteristics of environmental crimes is of particular importance, especially in the light of the lack of a legislative approach to the definition of the category in question.
Analysis of the forestry sector in the Republic of Karelia under current economic conditions
Authors: Galaktionov Oleg , Vasiliev Aleksey , Sukhanov Yuriy , Lukashevich Victor , Vasiliev Aleksey
Published: August 2023

The Russian economy is faced with the challenge of effectively coping with the economic sanctions imposed over the past decade. The Russian timber industry is also experiencing problems due to market closures and difficulties in obtaining processing equipment and spare parts. This article considers the problems of the forestry sector by the example of one of the regions of the North-West of Russia - the Republic of Karelia. For the loggers of the Republic of Karelia has changed a lot. If earlier the forest industry was largely focused on supplying roundwood to neighbouring Finland, in the current environment, due to sanctions against the Russian Federation and the countersanctions, exports to Europe have completely ceased. Due to geographical remoteness from developing markets of East, Asia and Africa, supplies of timber from Karelia to these regions without deep processing are not economically profitable. In this article the results of analysis of current situation, evaluation of resource potential and production capabilities of the Republic are given. It is noted that one of the main problems is a significant surplus of industrial hardwood, which was previously exported and now accumulates at the logging sites, because of the lack of productive capacity for its processing on the territory of the Republic. One of the factors, hindering development of industrial enterprises, is high dependence on foreign equipment. The results of this analysis can be used when looking for solutions to improve timber processing in the Republic and ways out of crisis for timber industry enterprises.
Economic security as a condition for sustainable development of countries, regions and enterprises
Authors: Alexandrov G.A. , Vyakina I.V. , Skvortsova G.G.
Published: August 2023

The basis of this research consists of conceptual developments of a methodological nature that allow one to diagnose and assess the limitations, threats and challenges of an economic, social, environmental, resource-technical, administrative and legal nature across the vertical of the economic levels of an integral national system. The purpose of the paper is to formulate an original methodological approach to the research of economic security, considering the causal connection between the elements of the totality of individual determinants and conditions characterizing threats and challenges. The peculiarity of the proposed approach lies in the fact that the authors consider the enterprise as the initial level of the economic system. The economic security of an enterprise largely determines the economic security of other levels of this system. They represent the business environment that can be a carrier of external threats that negatively affect the economic security of the enterprise. We believe that without ensuring economic security at all levels of the economic hierarchy, it is impossible to ensure the implementation of the concept of sustainable development. The use of the matrix principle justifiably allows the authors to solve the evaluation problem within a single methodological approach. It allows identifying the determinants that most affect economic security. It is assumed that the diagnostic results will allow developing specific measures to eliminate or reduce the role of negative factors and motivational and stimulating measures that ensure the resolution of contradictions arising from the presence of restrictions, including environmental and social, on entrepreneurial activity.
Effect of the composition of multicomponent powders on the mechanical and tribotechnical properties of coatings obtained by laser additive technologies
Authors: Biryukov Vladimir
Published: August 2023

The paper presents the results of metallographic studies and tribotechnical tests of samples of medium-carbon steel 34KhNi3MoA and coatings obtained by laser surfacing of a powder multicomponent charge based on iron and cobalt in a ratio of 3:1 with additives of nano particles of tantalum carbide. The samples were processed with a circular defocused beam and with transverse beam oscillations normal to the scanning speed. Comparative tests for friction and wear were carried out in a pair with a hardened 40Kh steel counterplate. The load and sliding speed during the tests varied discretely. Turbine oil TP 22C was used as a lubricant. It is shown that the introduction of additives of nano-tantalum carbide into the charge reduces friction losses, increases the wear resistance of coatings compared to the charge without carbides and the base material. The wear resistance of coatings with an increase in the amount of the hardening phase increases compared to the original steel. It has been established that the technology of laser surfacing with multicomponent coatings with nano particles of tantalum carbide can be used to restore worn surfaces of shaft necks, turbine blades, thrust discs, shut-off valves and other parts operating at high temperatures and in corrosive environments.
Charged particle diagnostic system for lithium ultracold plasma experiments
Authors: Saakyan Sergey , Klimov Stepan , Nazarov Alexander , Sautenkov Vladimir , Zelener Boris
Published: August 2023

Charged particle detection systems are widely used in modern atomic physics experiments. In this paper we describe an experimental setup for ultracold plasma (UCP) diagnostics based on the basis of a microchannel plate-based detector (MCP). Two different readout techniques for the MCP output are described in detail. Expansion of the low-density UCP and the frequency-dependent response of the UCP to an external electric field are measured. Preliminary results are obtained.
Study of the reaction of olefins with acetic acid
Authors: Mahmudova F. , Maksumova A. , Matkarimova N. , Tadjieva Sh. , Latipova I.
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this work is to study the esterification of liquid olefins with acetic acid in the presence of catalysts and to study the structure and properties of the synthesized saturated esters. 1-Hexene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 2-ethyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, and 3-methyl-2-pentene were used as liquid olefins and acid catalysts were used as catalysts for the esterification reaction: H2SO4 and HCl. The influence of various factors (the nature of the catalysts, the relative activity of olefins and temperature a) on the rate of the esterification reaction was studied. It has been shown that the reaction rate is much higher in the presence of sulfuric acid than in HCl. It has been established that in the esterification of olefins with acetic acid, with an increase in the length of the side aliphatic substituent of 2-methyl-1-pentene olefins on 2-ethyl-1-pentene, the rate of the ester formation reaction decreases. The mechanisms of esterification reactions are presented. A basic technological scheme for the production of esters was proposed.
Combustion model of a pyrolyzable polymer in a high-enthalpy flow with an radially applied electrostatic field
Authors: Budin Artemy , Zyryanov Ilya , Pozolotin Alexandr
Published: August 2023

Polymers combustion in high-enthalpy flows is realized in many power plants. This process is energetically favorable, but there are also significant problems, the main of which is the low combustion rate.
An effective method to increase the condensed component regression rate is the imposition of an electrostatic field on the polymer, the polymer reaction layer, and the combustion zone. The paper proposes a physical and mathematical model of the electrostatic field influence on the PMMA combustion rate in high-enthalpy flows. The combustion rate values calculated within the described model coincide with the experimental results within the error.
Chemical modification of wood veneer by acetylation and furfurylation to determine strength properties
Authors: Efremov Dmitrii , Saerova Ksenia , Prokopiev Anatoly , Safin Ruslan , Shageeva Adilya
Published: August 2023

The article reviews domestic and foreign research on wood modification processes by chemical means, giving its types and basic properties. The published results prove that chemical modification of wood, fully or partially by acetylation and furfurylation, transforms wood species with low strength into new "green" materials with improved qualities and properties increasing water resistance, moisture resistance, thermal resistance, as well as tensile strength. Research to determine the strength properties of wood veneer that has been chemically impregnated with furfurylation and acetylation methods for 24, 48 and 72 hours, followed by drying, has increased the tensile strength along the fibres. However, for the determination of the tensile strength across the fibres, a significant decrease in the tensile strength is observed in relation to the increase in impregnation time.
Basis of the parameters of the spin extractor tool on the interned spinning machine
Authors: Mukhamedov Gafurdjan , Djumabaev G. X. , Makhmudova Dilfuza , Usarov Jabbor , Khimmataliev Dustnazar
Published: August 2023

The article presents an effective new constructive scheme and the principle of operation of the exhaust device of the ring spinning machine. The mathematical model and the results of solving the problem of oscillations of the axis of the composite squeezing roller of the drawing apparatus of the spinning machine have been determined. The recommended values of the roller parameters are given. Based on the analysis of the research results and the conditions for obtaining high-quality yarn, the recommended parameter values for each squeezing rollers were determined.
Intensifying the cement grinding process
Authors: Mukhamedbaeva Mas’uda , Khurmamatov Abdugoffor , Mukhamedbaev Abduvali
Published: August 2023

This article deals with the intensification of the grinding process in ball mills. Attention is drawn to the need to reduce the energy input for grinding. Data on cement clinker grinding kinetics when surface-active agents are used, as well as issues of intensification of the grinding process by changing the surface profile of the armor plates are given.
The fabrication and characterization of ZnO/NiCO2O4 nanowires synthesized by a hydrothermal method
Authors: Saidov Kamoladdin , Shrawan Roy , Razzokov Jamoliddin , Mamatkulov Shavkat , Parpiev Odilkhuja , Ruzimuradov Olim
Published: August 2023

The main functional part of the supercapacitors and nanogenerators made up of various types of nanostructured materials. The contemporary devices have been manufactured employing different kinds of nanomaterials based on nanoflake and nanowire structures. These hierarchical materials show high efficiency on engineering electrodes for supercapacitors as well as piezoelectric for nanogenerators. Here, we have successfully synthesized NiCo2O4 nanowires on ZnO nanoflakes by applying two-step hydrothermal method which is absent similar analogous to date. The microscopic analysis has shown the uniform growth of NiCo2O4 nanowires on ZnO nanoflakes. This fabricated material might be used in above mentioned purposes in the future.
A National Study of Job Satisfaction and Burnout Among Perfusionists
Authors: Ames Mary Murphey , Kilpatrick Anne Osborne , Zoller James , Sistino Joseph J. , Blackwell Mindy , Acsell Jeffrey
Published: August 2023

A national qualitative survey of perfusionists to assess their level of job stress, career satisfaction, and burnout in various organizational settings was performed. The hypothesis for this study is incorporated into the following research questions. First, is there an association between job satisfaction and burnout among perfusionists? Second, is there an association between level of burnout and intention to leave their job or profession among perfusionists? Third, is there a difference in job satisfaction and burnout across different organizational affiliations of perfusionists? Invitations to participate in the survey were sent by electronic mail to the 1478 AmSECT members with an e-mail address. To categorize perfusionists, the Phase Model of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used. It is based on the Maslach Model, but extends it by suggesting the order of severity in which persons experience burnout. Two hundred eighty-three responses were received, with the following results. As burnout increases, job satisfaction decreases. As burnout pressure increases from low to high, it is associated with a greater intention of perfusionists to leave their jobs for a lateral move or demotion within 6 months. There is insufficient evidence to show a difference between employee satisfaction and burnout based on organizational affiliation. The perfusionists who answered the inquiry seem to be clear about their role at work, to have adequate resources, and to feel they are treated fairly by supervisors. Organizational climate, communication, training, participation, trust, and culture are evaluated positively. Although the respondents considered interdepartmental communication adequate, higher management or corporate communication is portrayed as needing improvement. When the MBI scores are divided into the eight phases and then compressed into the three subphases, 42% of the perfusionists surveyed are categorized as low burnouts, 20% of the perfusionists as moderately burned out, and 38% were in the high burnout group. It will be important to use this information as a benchmark and follow the profession as it changes over the next few years.
A Clinical Comparison of Two Commercially Available Pediatric Hemoconcentrators
Authors: Lawson D. Scott , Smigla Greg R. , Shearer Ian R. , Ing Richard , Schulman Scott , Kern Frank , Jaggers Jame
Published: August 2023

Hemoconcentration is a technique that involves selective removal of plasma water and some dissolved solutes by way of an ultrafiltration membrane. Hemoconcentrators (HC) are routinely used during pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to remove free plasma water and various inflammatory mediators. This paper examines two different commercial HCs, the Dideco DHF0.2 and the Minntech Hemocor HPH® 400. Both products were evaluated when used for prebypass ultrafiltration (Pre-BUF), and postbypass modified ultrafiltration (MUF). Five HCs were evaluated for each product, and the two groups were compared during the two different phases of the cardiac procedure. During the pre-BUF period, both groups of HCs were tested at a transmembrane pressure (TMP) gradient of 500 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The mean amount of ultrafiltrate (UF) removed by the Dideco DHF0.2 was 81.4 milliliters per minute (mL/min), and the mean amount of UF removed by the Minntech Hemocor HPH 400 was 90.8 mL/min during the preBUF period. During the peribypass period flow parameters were much harder to define. As a result, these data are not reported. During the MUF procedure, the mean amount of UF removed by the Dideco DHF0.2 was 74.2 mL/min at an average MUF flow rate of 130 mL/min. The mean amount of UF removed by the Minntech Hemocor HPH 400 was 81.4 mL/min at an average MUF flow rate of 127 mL/min. Both products performed adequately under the clinical circumstances described above. The Minntech HPH 400 produced a hemofiltrate that was consistently tinged with a slight red color. The Dideco DHF0.2 consistently produced a hemofiltrate that was noticeably clearer than that of the Minntech device.
Observations from a National Multiple Institution Autotransfusion (ATS) Quality Indicator Program
Authors: Dickinson Timothy , Riley Jeffrey , Steg Ana , Zabetakis Paul
Published: August 2023

A process to collect universal, mandatory autotransfusion (ATS) procedure quality indicators to measure and monitor ATS quality improvement was designed and implemented by Fresenius Medical Care Extracorporeal Alliance (FMCEA) an outsource provider of extracorporeal services. The indicator program collected and evaluated data that reflect real-world extracorporeal clinical practices and outcomes. The indicator reports provide our clinicians, client physicians, and partner institutions with confidential reports that allow comparison of their practice to evidenced-based performance standards. All ATS procedures reviewed were performed on non-open-heart surgery procedures (on pump or off pump), including vascular, thoracic, orthopedic, and general surgery. After continuous collection and analysis of the indicator data, a hospital is given a report with three components: 1) data analysis that reports summary results and benchmarks the hospital against the other reporting hospitals, 2) corrective action plan that allows the clinical manager to document their investigations and outline plans for continuous quality improvement; and 3) raw data tabulation that allows the clinical manager to identify individual cases that are outliers from the target goal to facilitate local chart reviews. This communication describes FMCEA’s ATS Quality Indicator Program and presents the collective results for the first 13 months (January 2002–January 2003) of data collection. Physicians and ATS service client hospitals value the Quality Indicator Process Reports. ATS service managers use the reports and the subsequent process improvement to meet AaBB (American Association of Blood Banks) and JCAHO (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations) standards and guidelines for providing safe patient-care services.
The Combined Use of Extracorporeal Life Support and the Berlin Heart Pulsatile Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device as a Bridge to Transplant in a Toddler
Authors: Laliberté Eric , Cecere Renzo , Tchervenkov Christo , Wan Calvin , Bittira Bindu , Calaritis Christos , Béand Marie , Decell Mary , Reyes Teodoro , Shum-Tim Dominique
Published: August 2023

There is a very limited published material about experience with long-term pediatric mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to heart transplant. We report on a 2-year-old, 12 kg boy admitted with 2-week history of low-grade fever, ear pain, pulmonary edema, and congestive heart failure. Trans-thoracic echocardiography confirmed severe myocardial dysfunction with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.20 and percentage shortening of 13. After 2 days of ventilatory and inotropic support, the patient continued to deteriorate and subsequently required femoro–femoral extracorporeal life support (ECLS). This was later complicated by a progressive coagulopathy and massive bleeding. On day 17, a pulsatile pediatric paracorporeal biventricular assist device (VAD) (Berlin Heart) was implanted. The patient’s condition improved significantly with all coagulopathies corrected, and the patient was extubated 21 days later. After 109 days of bi-VAD support, the patient was successfully transplanted and discharged home 45 days post transplant. Our early experience with initial ECLS bridge to VAD and subsequently to transplant was encouraging. It allowed for additional time to select the ideal organ donor and optimize the recipient’s comorbid condition and multiorgan failure. VAD provides an additional armamentarium of circulatory support in pediatric patients with severe heart failure.
Plasma-Modified ACT Can Be Used to Monitor Bivalirudin (Angiomax®) Anticoagulation for On-Pump Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery in a Patient with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Jabr Karim , Johnson Joe H. , McDonald Miles H. , Walsh Diane L. , Martin William D. , Johnson Anton C. , Pickett John M. , Shantha-Martin Usha
Published: August 2023

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a problem of growing significance and concern, affecting an estimated 1–3% of patients among those receiving an estimated 10 million heparin exposures annually in the United States. The prevalence of heparin antibodies has been reported as at least 12.7% in the general cardiac surgery population before surgery and 42% following surgery (1). Various management techniques for anticoagulation in these patients have been proposed. Many of these alternative agents present additional risks for bleeding and efficacy and, furthermore, require the use of nonconventional monitoring assays to assess the level of anticoagulation achieved adequately. We report here the successful use of bivalirudin anticoagulation on pump, with no additional morbidity, and the first reported use of the plasma-modified ACT (activated clotting time) test, a simple modification of the standard ACT assay, to monitor the anticoagulant effect of bivalirudin.
Relationship of Aging and Cardiac IL-10
Authors: Dotson Victoria , Horak Katherine , Alwardt Cory , Larson Douglas F.
Published: August 2023

Current therapies for the treatment of myocardial infarction and heart failure include medical, surgical, mechanical assist, and transplantation. These therapies have been based on the dogma that ventricular myocytes themselves are terminally differentiated and, therefore, cannot regenerate. This concept has been recently challenged with stem cell therapy. A potential problem is the ability of cardiac tissue to mobilize, recruit, and transdifferentiate adult stem cells from other tissues. We believe that there is a unique failure of the damaged myocardium to provide the appropriate molecular signals for stem cells engraftment related to age. Our hypothesis is that the overexpression of IL-10 in the aged population reduces cardiac cellular proliferation subsequent to myocardial injury. This hypothesis is supported by aging models, where elevated levels of IL-10 are associated with reduced healing response to noncardiac tissue injury. We demonstrated an increased cardiac gene expression of IL-10 that may be associated with a reduced proliferative response in the border regions of the infarcted myocardium that are proportional with age. In conclusion, myocardial infarction and heart failure has presented a significant challenge for the clinician to provide reparative therapies. The use of therapeutics to modulate IL-10 and, thereby, optimizing regenerative processes in the injured myocardium may provide a unique means for the cardiac patient.
Retrograde Autologous Prime With Shortened Bypass Circuits Decreases Blood Transfusion in High-Risk Coronary Artery Surgery Patients
Authors: Zelinka Edy S. , Ryan Patrick , McDonald Julie , Larson James
Published: August 2023

Previous studies have shown that minimizing the amount of hemodilution during open-heart surgery reduces the need for a blood transfusion. Transfusion increases a patient’s medical risks and leads to increased costs. We used a shortened bypass circuit, primed with autologous blood in a retrograde fashion, to decrease red cell transfusion in high-risk patients. One hundred twenty-three patients having first-time, nonemergent coronary artery surgery were chosen for this trial, based on their low prebypass hematocrit and weight. In seventy-two cases, we used a shortened bypass circuit and retrograde autologous prime. A historical control group of Fifty-one patients received a standard bypass circuit and prime method. The prebypass hematocrit was 35 ± 2.62% and 34 ± 2.99% in the control and study groups, respectively. Red blood cell transfusion was necessary in 70% of the control group during their hospital stay, whereas only 51.4% of the study group required transfusion (p = .006). Patients receiving no blood products were significantly higher in the study group, 48.6% vs. 30.0% (p = .005). The postbypass hematocrit was similar at 26.5 ± 1.82% vs. 25.5 ± 2.38%, and the discharge hematocrit was 30.8 ± 3.33% and 31.2 ± 3.04% in the control and study groups. respectively. Minimizing hemodilution by shortening the bypass circuit and performing retrograde autologous prime conserves the use of blood during routine coronary artery bypass surgery. These methods can be used for patients who are at greater risk for transfusion.
Pediatric Orthotopic Heart Transplant Requiring Perioperative Exchange Transfusion: A Case Report
Authors: McNeer Brian , Dickason Brent , Niles Scott , Ploessl Jay
Published: August 2023

An 11-month-old patient with idiopathic cardiomyopathy was scheduled for orthotopic heart transplantation. A perioperative exchange transfusion was performed because of elevated panel reactive antibody levels. This process was accomplished in the operating room prior to instituting cardiopulmonary bypass using a modified cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. In preparation for the procedure, the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit was primed with washed leukocyte-filtered banked packed red blood cells, fresh-frozen plasma, albumin, and heparin. Pump prime laboratory values were normalized prior to beginning the exchange transfusion. The patient’s blood was downloaded from the venous line just proximal to the venous reservoir while simultaneously transfusing the normalized prime at normothermia. Approximately 125% of the patients calculated blood volume was exchanged. This technique greatly reduces the likelihood of hyperacute rejection. The exchange transfusion process, in addition to the patient immature immune system, provides additional options in orthotopic heart transplantation for patients that may otherwise not be considered suitable candidates.
Weakly stationary stochastic processes valued in a separable Hilbert space: Gramian-cramér representations and applications
Authors: Durand Amaury , Roueff François
Published: August 2023

The spectral theory for weakly stationary processes valued in a separable Hilbert space has known renewed interest in the past decade. Here we follow earlier approaches which fully exploit the normal Hilbert module property of the time domain. The key point is to build the Gramian-Cramér representation as an isomorphic mapping from the modular spectral domain to the modular time domain. We also discuss the general Bochner theorem and provide useful results on the composition and inversion of lag-invariant linear filters. Finally, we derive the Cramér-Karhunen-Loève decomposition and harmonic functional principal component analysis, which are established without relying on additional assumptions.
Association between ankle muscle strength and agility in competitive badminton players
Authors: Manjrekar Sayali S. , Eapen Charu , Prabhakar Ashish John , Patel Vivek D.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The study aimed to find the association between ankle muscle strength and agility in competitive badminton players. Method: Thirty-two competitive badminton players (age 21.1 ± 2.9 years and competition experience 4.8 ± 1.9 years) participated in the study. The maximum isometric strength for the ankle dorsiflexor, plantar flexor, invertor, and evertor was tested with the Baseline Push-Pull Dynamometer per the standard method. Agility data were collected by using the modified badminton-specific agility testing protocol. Analysis: Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlations, and one-way ANOVA (F) was used to compare the agility and ankle muscle strength in different players’ competitiveness levels. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Agility was significantly correlated to the playing years’ experience (r = 0.43; P = 0.01) and competitiveness (r = 0.55; P = 0.001). Agility significantly varied among the different competitive levels (F = 7.49; P = 0.002). There was no significant correlation between ankle muscle strength and agility. Conclusion: Our study shows that ankle muscle strength did not significantly affect the agility of competitive badminton players. However, the agility was significantly different with the level of competitiveness and was correlated to the playing experience years of the players.
Transition-Metal-Free Cascade C–N Bond Formation: An Effective Strategy for the Synthesis of β-Carboline N-Fused Imidazolium Acetates and Estimation of their Light-Emitting Properties
Authors: Singh Virender , Singh Manpreet , Vaishali Vaishali , Deepika Deepika , Jyoti Jyoti , Sharma Shubham , Banyal Naveen , Kumar Prashant , Budhalakoti Bharti , Malakar Chandi C.
Published: August 2023

A simple, efficient, and practical metal-free protocol has been devised to synthesize imidazopyrido[3,4-b]indole-based fluorophores decorated with carbazole/β-carboline/pyridine scaffolds via three consecutive C–N bond formations in a single operation. A wide range of aromatic amines (2-aminopyridines, 3-aminocarbazole, and anilines) were successfully applied to synthesize the complex imidazolium ions. The significant features of this strategy include high efficiency, mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions, no chromatographic purification, and broad substrate scope with excellent yields of the isolated products. Moreover, excellent photophysical properties (ΦF up to 85%) were exhibited by these fluorophores.
Effect of Sleep Restriction during Pregnancy on Fetal Brain Programming and Neurocognitive Development of Offspring: A Review
Authors: Gulia Kamalesh K.
Published: August 2023

We spend one-third of our lives in sleep, yet the core function of it still remains an enigma due to underlying complex neural processing in this altered state of consciousness. Sleep requirement varies with phase of development. Neonates spent about 85% of their time in sleep, which is polyphasic in nature. Gradually, this pattern takes the shape of a monophasic sleep in adolescents and adults, with changing micro- and macroarchitecture in every phase. Deprivation of sleep in adults impairs learning and memory, and reduces theta coherence among hippocampus and amygdale during sleep. However, sleep loss during pregnancy can affect the ontogenetic development of networks for sleep–wakefulness and the cognitive development of offspring. Even in normal pregnancy, poor sleep quality, reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and sleep fragmentation are common observation during the last trimester of pregnancy. Delta power, a marker for the homeostatic drive for sleep, in the NREM sleep during the last trimester of pregnancy and postpartum is increased. However, further sleep loss during late pregnancy is a growing concern. Neonates that are born to the total sleep-restricted dams present significant alterations in their emotional development (symptoms of hyperactivity, increased risk-taking behavior during periadolescence) and immature sleep–wakefulness patterns. The REM sleep restriction during late pregnancy elicits depressionlike traits in neonates, which persist until middle age. For a healthy development of brain and body, thorough understanding of the dynamic nature of sleep in relation to age and state (pregnancy) is instrumental in preventing the above-mentioned conditions of prenatal origin. Although sleep is essential for an active brain (for work during day), it remains an underestimated phenomenon. This review highlights the importance of sleep during pregnancy for a healthy brain network programming in offspring.
Management of the Congenital Cleft Earlobe with a Conchal Cartilage Graft
Authors: Thacoor Amitabh , Bulstrode Neil
Published: August 2023

Congenital earlobe clefts are the most common lower auricular malformations. They represent a unique reconstructive challenge. The goal of surgery includes restoration of a natural lobular contour and volume as well as a fine surgical scar. Several surgical techniques have been described, most of which only address the cleft deformity but not the soft tissue deficiency. We hereby describe a technique which addresses both the cleft and improves soft tissue deficiency through a conchal cartilage graft.
Fasciocutaneous Pedicled Flaps From Postero-Lateral & Lateral Thoracic Region
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Chandra R. , Bhagia S. P.
Published: August 2023

The detailed anatomy of the lateral and posterolateral thoracic region and observations in five cadaveric dissections are being described. In 13 selected patients, parascapular, lateral thoracic and subaxillary flap has been used clinically. The results of the study have been analysed.
Groans of the Groin Flap
Authors: Sharma J. C. , Chhibber D. V. , Bath A. S.
Published: August 2023

The groin flap in India does not behave as well as it does in the temperate climate. Therefore all is not well, when a groin flap is used. The problems observed by us in our five year study of sixty groin flaps have been highlighted through this paper.
A Case of Priapism
Authors: Bharat R. , Sengupta B. P. , Bhat M. N.
Published: August 2023

A rare case of idiopathic priapism in a 45 years old man is being reported. It was treated by Saphenocorporal shunt with gratifying result.
Avulsion Injuries Of Extremities
Authors: Koshy Cherian M. , Nair K. Ramakrishan
Published: August 2023

Twenty consecutive cases of avulsion of the extremities who did not have associated loss of skin or fractures were analyzed. Traffic accidents were mainly responsible for such injuries. The flap survival was good in patients having subfascial avulsion. Patients with crushed flaps had an unpredictable course. Our course. Our overall results are being presented.
Nasendoscopic Evaluation of the Velopharyngeal Sphincter in Cleft Palate Patinets
Authors: Deshpande S. N.
Published: August 2023

Nasendoscope was used for evaluation of the function of the velopharyngeal sphincter in twenty-five cleft palate patients using 4% xylocaine as surface anaesthesia. The pattern of closure and the residual defect in velopharyngeal sphincter during speech is helpful in deciding the treatment plan for velopharyngeal insufficiency such as speech therapy or pharyngoplasty.
Atresia and Deformity of Nostrail in Cutaneous Tuberculosis
Authors: Khan Masood H. , Bavishi Yogesh , Khan A. H.
Published: August 2023

A case of nasal atresia and deformity caused by tuberculosis in a 10 years old girl is presented.