bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vasogenic cerebral edema associated with the disability in activities of daily living in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wang Xiaochuan , Huang Xuqing , Gao Zhongming , Jiang Haibo , Lu Xiaodong
Published: July 2018

Introduction

The aim of this study was to explore whether patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develop vasogenic cerebral edema, and whether this edema contributes to the COPD‐related disability.

Methods

Eighteen stable patients with COPD and 17 matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated by voxel‐based analysis using DTI‐Studio software based on diffusion tensor imaging. COPD‐related disability was calculated using activities of daily living (ADL) scale.

Results

In patients with COPD, ADC increased in the white matter fiber tracts including the bilateral anterior cingulum and posterior corpus callosum and in the white matter fibers connecting the bilateral insular cortices, sub‐lobar cortices, and pars triangularis cortices and the left rectus and olfactory gyrus. However, after further controlling for cigarette smoking, the difference in ADC values in the posterior corpus callosum between groups disappeared. Patients with COPD had significantly higher scores in ADL than that in controls. Moreover, ADL scores were positively correlated with the increased regional ADC values.

Conclusion

Vasogenic cerebral edema occurs in patients with COPD. Cigarette smoking may be a risk factor for COPD‐related vasogenic edema. Vasogenic cerebral edema may be related to the COPD‐related ADL impairment.
The place of waste: Changing business value for the circular economy
Authors: Perey Robert , Benn Suzanne , Agarwal Renu , Edwards Melissa
Published: July 2018

Traditionally, wasted resources are considered a burden that imposes a cost on organizations. However, ecological sustainability principles underpinning the linked discourses of industrial ecology and the Circular Economy conceptualize waste as intrinsically valuable. Our research identified exemplar business organizations that had each changed their business models to resolve the tension of waste as a burden and/or resource. Synthesizing these cases, we found these organizations applied systems thinking to reframe their product and service offerings and developed material circular flows in their business models. Analysis of how our exemplar organizations changed their business models to tackle pressing sustainability issues and to resolve the burden–resource tension show that the focus of change is on reconceptualizing their understanding of the role of waste in the value chain of their products and services. This altered understanding of waste as a resource across their value networks initiated negotiations with their existing suppliers to also modify their supply chain practices.
CBEN's quality framework: A case study in its application to CBE curriculum quality standards at Walden University
Authors: McIntyre‐Hite Lisa , Cheney Martha , Bever Sandra Weinstein , Mast Linda , Hapka Alexander R.
Published: July 2018

With the development of the Competency‐Based Education Network's Quality Framework for Competency‐Based Education Programs, institutions offering CBE programs have the ability to evaluate the quality of their programs using a common framework. For faculty and instructional designers working to develop CBE programs in particular, an institution‐specific set of quality indicators tailored to its own curriculum structure can help guide development and ensure quality of the curriculum offered to students. This article presents Walden University's curriculum quality indicators used to guide the development of high‐quality CBE curriculum. The indicators are informed by CBEN's Quality framework and may be helpful to other institutions developing CBE programs in an effort to establish, measure, and maintain quality of CBE curriculum.
Mentalizing demons: A case study in working with auditory hallucinations
Authors: Peluso Francesco
Published: July 2018

Mary is a 17‐year‐old female patient with whom I worked during her stay on an inpatient psychiatric unit following a significant suicide attempt in the midst of a breakup with her girlfriend. Mary reported a history of persistently depressed mood, post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and chronic suicidal ideation. She conveyed a sense of feeling largely unsupported by the important people in her life. She felt particularly invalidated by her mother when she initially disclosed her experience of sexual trauma perpetrated by a close family friend as a young girl. She remembers her mother's response implying that she was “responsible for what happened.”
13 Reasons Why: Again
Authors: Walters Anne
Published: July 2018

With the release of the second season, controversy is again heating up about the Netflix TV show 13 Reasons Why. For those unfamiliar with the show, the storyline from season 1 addressed the circumstances surrounding the death by suicide of a 17‐year‐old girl. The show also covered topics such as depression, bullying (both cyber and in person), sexual assault, and substance use. The outcry surrounding the show was immediate and intense, with a split between those who felt the detail around these topics was excessive and might inspire suicide contagion and those that felt that it encouraged good discussion among parents, teens, and adults working with children and adolescents.
Subcutaneous implantable defibrillator in dextrocardia secondary to Lobectomy
Authors: Monkhouse Christopher , Koutsogeorgis Ilias , Schilling Richard , Lambiase Pier D.
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

Knowledge of anatomy is vital preimplant to screen the patient for the subcutaneous implantable defibrillator (S‐ICD), particularly those who have previously had thoracic surgery. X‐ray screening in these patients is highly recommended.
Management of a failed endodontic treatment for a maxillary second molar with two separate palatal roots
Authors: Al Qahtani Ahmed , Abdulrab Saleem , Alhadainy Hatem
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

Complexity of root canal system and variations in internal anatomy of teeth require careful analysis of preoperative cone beam computed tomography or multiangle radiographs to locate and identify possible extra roots or canals. A fourth canal in upper molars is expected, and much effort should be made when planning the endodontic treatment to avoid missing a canal.
Polymyositis as a manifestation of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after allo‐HSCT
Authors: Meng Lijuan , Ji Suqiong , Wang Qiong , Bu Bitao
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

Patients who received allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) may develop T cell‐mediated immunologic injury to muscles, recapitulating the characteristics of polymyositis clinically and pahtologically. Polymyositis is a rarely reported complication of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), which often responds well to corticosteroids and immunosuppressive treatment.
Conventional and conservative management of placenta accreta is two ends of a single continuum: A report of three cases and literature review
Authors: Latif Khan Yousaf , Rahim Arooba , Gardezi Javed , Iqbal Mariam , Hassan Zahira , Altaf Sumbal , Bhatti Shahzad
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

Placenta accreta (PA) is a critical condition that represents a significant source of morbidity and mortality observed in women with multiple prior cesarean sections. Precise prenatal identification of affected pregnancies permits optimal obstetric management. Antenatal diagnosis leads to less blood loss and a requirement for blood transfusion than women diagnose during cesarean section.
Rupture of hidden abnormal myometrial vessels during cesarean delivery of a patient with subserosal leiomyoma: A possible pathogenesis of sudden‐onset disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Ushijima Junko , Wang Liangcheng , Ko Hiroyoshi , Horiuchi Isao , Chikazawa Kenro , Sasaki Shigetane , Kuwata Tomoyuki , Takagi Kenjiro , Tanaka Akira
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

We report a case of sudden‐onset disseminated intravascular coagulation during cesarean delivery for a patient with a subserosal leiomyoma. Rupture of hidden anastomotic vessels resulted in a significant decrease in fibrinogen levels and uncontrolled bleeding. Uterine venous flow disturbance caused by subserosal leiomyoma compression can possibly cause such a situation.
Electrochemical Mix‐Reduction Process of U and U‐Fe Alloys on the Surface of Cathode in LiCl‐KCl‐U3O8 at 773 K
Authors: Jiang Kewei , Liu Qi , Liu Jingyuan , Zhang Hongsen , Chen Rongrong , Yan Yongde , Li Rumin , Song Dalei , Shao Yawei , Wang Jun
Published: July 2018

To acquire production uranium and uranium‐iron alloys, a mix‐reduction of a direct electrochemical reduction and Li co‐deposition with triuranium octaoxide (U3O8) in molten LiCl‐KCl salt was investigated by a sequence of electrochemical experiments using cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), open circuit chronopotentiometry (OCP) and chronopotentiometry (CP). The electrochemical curves on molybdenum electrode reveal that the reduction of U3O8 on the surface of cathode is a two‐step process and the reduction potential of U3O8 to UO2 is −1.70 V, and of UO2 to U is −2.45 V. The electrochemical curves on the stainless‐steel electrode, or with FeCl3 additive, demonstrate that different U−Fe alloys are generated as Fe2U and FeU6 at −0.90 V and −1.20 V, respectively. Our study proves the feasibility of mix‐reduction to prepare U metal in LiCl−KCl−U3O8 melts at −2.60 V for 480 min, and only FeU6 alloy forms in LiCl−KCl−U3O8−FeCl3 melts at −2.60 V for 480 min on the molybdenum cathode, respectively. Electrolysate U and FeU6 are proved by XRD, and SEM‐EDS analysis confirms more negative potential −3.20 V for 4 h on 304 stainless steel cathode accelerates the formation of the U−Fe phase with obvious Li co‐deposition.
Back Cover: Bioactive Alkaloids from Indole‐3‐carbinol Exposed Culture of Daldiniaeschscholzii (Chin. J. Chem. 8/2018)
Authors: Lin Li Ping , Tan Ren Xiang
Published: July 2018

The back cover picture shows Two new and rare bioactive indoles named dalesindoloids A (1) and B (3), along with 3‐(1H‐indole‐3ylmethyl)‐2‐oxindole (2), were characterized from the indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C)‐exposed culture of Daldinia eschscholzii. Dalesindoloids A and B were cytotoxic against the leukemia HL‐60 cell line with the IC50 values of 1.0 and 7.4 mol/L, respectively, with the former being inhibitory on Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 9.1 μmol/L). The simultaneous characterization of the alkaloids from the I3C‐exposed fungal culture highlighted that the 2,3‐epoxyindoline motif can be transformed into both lactam and indolin‐3‐one moieties. This is the first‐time description of the 2,3‐epoxyindoline chemical versatility and Wagner‐Meerwein rearrangement (WMR) reaction in the microbial culture. More details are discussed in the article by Tan et al. on page 749–753.

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Clearing for Deep Tissue Imaging
Authors: Muntifering Michael , Castranova Daniel , Gibson Gregory A. , Meyer Evan , Kofron Matthew , Watson Alan M.
Published: July 2018

Biologic tissues are generally opaque due to optical properties that result in scattering and absorption of light. Preparation of tissues for optical microscopy often involves sectioning to a thickness of 50‐100 µm, the practical limits of light penetration and recovery. A researcher who wishes to image a whole tissue must acquire potentially hundreds of individual sections before rendering them into a three‐dimensional volume. Clearing removes strongly light‐scattering and light‐absorbing components of a tissue and equalizes the refractive index of the imaging medium to that of the tissue. After clearing, the maximum depth of imaging is often defined by the microscope optics rather than the tissue. Such visibility enables the interrogation of whole tissues and even animals without the need to section. Researchers can study a biological process in the context of its three‐dimensional environment, identify rare events in large volumes of tissues, and trace cells and cell‐cell interactions over large distances. This article describes four popular clearing protocols that are relevant to a wide variety of scenarios across biologic disciplines: CUBIC, CLARITY, 3DISCO, and SeeDB. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Effect of Bromo Substituents on the Multifaceted Emissive and Crystal‐Packing Features of Cyclic Triimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Lucenti Elena , Forni Alessandra , Botta Chiara , Carlucci Lucia , Colombo Alessia , Giannini Clelia , Marinotto Daniele , Previtali Andrea , Righetto Stefania , Cariati Elena
Published: July 2018

The understanding of the mechanisms involved in crystal packing effects on the photophysical properties of a molecular entity is fundamental to engineer solid materials for specific applications. In fact, besides rigidification and protection from oxygen quenching, crystal packing influences the emissive properties through specific interactions. In the present work, by a critical comparison among the mono‐ (1Br), di‐ (2Br) and tri‐bromo (3Br) derivatives of triimidazo[1,2‐a : 1′,2′‐c : 1′′,2′′‐e][1,3,5]triazine, the role of their structural features on the multifaceted emission, spanning from dual fluorescence to ultralong phosphorescence, is elucidated. In particular, conformational distortions are found to be responsible for dual fluorescence, halogen‐bonding interactions are at the origin of the long‐lived phosphorescence and π‐π interactions resulting in the formation of columnar or dimeric H‐aggregates induce room‐temperature ultralong phosphorescence.
Population structure of a vector of human diseases: Aedes aegypti in its ancestral range, Africa
Authors: Kotsakiozi Panayiota , Evans Benjamin R. , Gloria‐Soria Andrea , Kamgang Basile , Mayanja Martin , Lutwama Julius , Le Goff Gilbert , Ayala Diego , Paupy Christophe , Badolo Athanase , Pinto Joao , Sousa Carla A. , Troco Arlete D. , Powell Jeffrey R.
Published: July 2018

Aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, remains of great medical and public health concern. There is little doubt that the ancestral home of the species is Africa. This mosquito invaded the New World 400‐500 years ago and later, Asia. However, little is known about the genetic structure and history of Ae. aegypti across Africa, as well as the possible origin(s) of the New World invasion. Here, we use ~17,000 genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to characterize a heretofore undocumented complex picture of this mosquito across its ancestral range in Africa. We find signatures of human‐assisted migrations, connectivity across long distances in sylvan populations, and of local admixture between domestic and sylvan populations. Finally, through a phylogenetic analysis combined with the genetic structure analyses, we suggest West Africa and especially Angola as the source of the New World's invasion, a scenario that fits well with the historic record of 16th‐century slave trade between Africa and Americas.
Microcapsule of Sweet Orange Essential Oil Encapsulated in Beta‐Cyclodextrin Improves the Release Behaviors In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Li Dahu , Wu Houjiu , Huang Wei , Guo Li , Dou Huating
Published: July 2018

To protect sweet orange essential oil (SOEO) from volatilization and oxidation, and also to expand the range of application in physiology or medicine, beta‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) is employed to develop SOEO microcapsules via an inclusion encapsulation method in this study. An optimal encapsulating condition obtained from response surface methodology (RSM) is an SOEO mass of 5.66 g, an encapsulating time of 3.24 h, and an encapsulating temperature of 53.7 °C, which provides the greatest encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 50.31%. Particle size and scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveal that rhombus, trapezoid, and parallelogram can be found in optimized microcapsule aggregates with a particle size of 1.34 ± 0.58 µm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirm the encapsulation of SOEO in β‐CD. Furthermore, the release study in vitro suggests that SOEO in microcapsules can be better released in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) than in simulated intestinal fluid, and the study in vivo suggests that, β‐CD might increase the solubility and bioavailability of SOEO. Thus, the microcapsules have potentials to be applied to the biomedical industry.

Practical Applications: The optimal encapsulating condition is attained using RSM, and SOEO is capsuled to be a stable form in optimized microcapsules. The active ingredients of SOEO can be exerted fully by microcapsules. The microcapsules have excellent potentials for use as biological or pharmaceutical products.

In this study, microcapsules of SOEO are developed using RSM. The physical and chemical characterizations of SOEO microcapsules are analyzed. The release behaviors in vitro and in vivo are also researched. Though these works, the microcapsules increase the solubility and bioavailability of SOEO, which has potentials for application in the biomedical industry.
Oil Uptake by Potato Chips or French Fries: A Review
Authors: Arslan Muhammad , Xiaobo Zou , Shi Jiyong , Rakha Allah , Hu Xuetao , Zareef Muhammad , Zhai Xiaodong , Basheer Sajid
Published: July 2018

The increase in obesity and fat‐related diseases pose a major health issue especially in developed countries. Over the past years, consumer demand for low‐fat potato chips and French fries has stimulated the scientific work on the issue of fat uptake during frying. The main objective of this review article is to summarize the latest efforts to reduce the oil absorption without deteriorating the organoleptic characteristics, precisely explain the mechanism, frying medium quality, and selection, different parameters involved in oil absorption and to address problems of the potato chips industry. Major oil uptake reduction techniques described in literature are use of different frying methods, coating with a hydrocolloid and use of pretreatments before frying process.

Practical Application: High oil uptake in fried food is a cause of concern and people are getting health conscious day by day. So, this review article may help the potato chips industry to produce potato chips with low oil content. Furthermore, it will serve as a guidance document for industry to save some of the costs incurred in purchase of frying oil, which tend to be an expensive commodity.

The relationship between frying and health risks emphasized the need to work on oil uptake reduction strategies. This review article provides a guidance for consumer and potato products industries about various oil uptake mechanisms, frying medium selection criteria, lowering strategies for oil absorption, and addresses various issues related to the potato chips industry.
Utilization of potato peel as eco‐friendly products: A review
Authors: Gebrechristos Haftom Yemane , Chen Weihua
Published: July 2018

An eco‐friendly product has been the primary agenda of twenty‐first century of the global scientists. One of the main focuses is by‐product recycling of food processing industries. It has been long time since food industry byproduct converted into energy and value added products. Potato processing is newly emerging food processing factories in developing countries, and potato is the fourth important crop globally. A dramatic food demand increment had shown in the past two decades. This leads to increase the number of food processing industries. Nowadays, food processing industries particularly processed potato manufactures are expanding and generate a huge volume of potato peel. This by‐product causes environmental pollution due to decomposition. However, food byproducts like potato peel have essential organic matter. So this review introduces the potential use of potato peel as food preservative, pharmaceutical ingredient, renewable energy, and animal feed to promote eco‐friendly food industries.
From Linear to T‐Shaped Indan‐1,3‐dione Push–Pull Molecules: A Comparative Study
Authors: Solanke Parmeshwar , Růžička Aleš , Mikysek Tomáš , Pytela Oldřich , Bureš Filip , Klikar Milan
Published: July 2018

A series of indan‐1,3‐dione‐based linear, quadrupolar and T‐shaped push–pull chromophores have been designed and synthesized by the Knoevenagel condensation and Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura or Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions. The number and position of the peripheral donor branches attached to the central withdrawing indan‐1,3‐dione moiety have been varied jointly with the type of π‐linker used in order to modulate fundamental optoelectronic properties. The molecular structure of two chromophores has been confirmed by X‐ray analysis. The thermal and optoelectronic properties have further been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, electrochemistry, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. Based on these experimental and theoretical data, thorough structure–property relationships have been further evaluated and influence of the particular structural modification on chromophore properties has been discussed.
Targeting mitochondria by anthelmintic drug atovaquone sensitizes renal cell carcinoma to chemotherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Dehong , Sun Xiaosong , Zhang Xuejun , Cao Jun
Published: July 2018

Targeting mitochondria respiration is an effective therapeutic strategy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Atovaquone is a FDA‐approved antibiotic but is also known as a mitochondrial inhibitor. We found that atovaquone inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of RCC cells. Mechanistically, atovaquone inhibits mitochondrial respiration in a concentration‐dependent and time‐dependent manner, via targeting mitochondrial respiratory complex III. Although increased glycolysis was observed in atovaquone‐treated cells, atovaquone decreased ATP levels. As a consequence of mitochondrial respiration inhibition, reactive oxygen species levels were increased by atovaquone. The complete rescue of atovaquone's effects by an antioxidant suggests the important role of oxidative stress in the action of atovaquone in RCC. Importantly, atovaquone enhanced the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and interferon‐α (IFN‐α). Our preclinical findings suggest that atovaquone is a useful addition for RCC treatment. Our work also further demonstrates that RCC is more dependent on mitochondrial respiration than glycolysis.
Genetic and clinical features of social cognition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Lattanzi Guido Maria , Buzzanca Antonino , Frascarelli Marianna , Di Fabio Fabio
Published: July 2018

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS) is widely known as one of the most compelling genetic models of schizophrenia so far, being almost 40% of the carriers affected by psychotic symptoms. Moreover, most of these subjects also show impairment in social cognition, which is a comprehensive array of function that guides social interaction with the others, leading as well to the acquisition of new cognitive and social skills. In the last decade researchers have argued whether social cognition dysfunctions could be underlined by specific genetic alterations, and whether these are linked to specific clinical features. Some valid candidate genes are RTN4R, that encodes a protein which inhibits axonal sprouting, DGCR8, crucial in mRNA processing, or catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) and proline oxydase 1 (PRODH), involved in catecholamine metabolism in frontal cortex. This is the first article to address the topic of social cognition in 22q11.2 DS from a wide perspective, with a highlight on its genetic characteristics. We will provide a narrative review of the most recent findings and we will point out new directions on this research path, in order to achieve an effective characterization of the neurobiological system underlying social behavior.
Assessment of chicken breast meat quality after freeze/thaw abuse using magnetic resonance imaging techniques
Authors: Frelka John C , Phinney David M , Yang Xiangyu , Knopp Michael V , Heldman Dennis R , Wick Macdonald P , Vodovotz Yael
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND

Freezing/thawing meat can result in quality losses as a result of the formation, melting and reformation of ice. These changes in water state can result in alterations in texture, water holding and other key quality attributes. It was hypothesized that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could quantify changes in mobility and localization of water as a function of freezing/thawing, which could be correlated with quality measurements.

RESULTS

Drip loss increased significantly for unbrined samples by over 100% after each freeze/thaw cycle (1.5% to 3.3% to 5.3% drip loss). Brine uptake decreased 50% after 2 cycles (from 53% to 28% mass uptake). Drip loss for brined samples increased after 2 cycles; other attributes were not significantly affected. MRI showed brined samples had less change in both proton density and T2 distributions. High‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging showed greater change in T2 distributions.

CONCLUSION

As freeze/thaw damage increased, meat quality was reduced in both brined and unbrined chicken breasts, with more prominent changes in unbrined meat. These decreases in quality correlated with changes, albeit small, in water mobility and localization as measured by MRI. High‐field NMR micro‐imaging showed more dramatic changes in T2 distributions in unbrined samples. These MRI techniques are shown to be useful in the assessment of meat quality after freeze/thaw abuse. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
AlO sputtered self‐aligned source/drain formation technology for highly reliable oxide thin film transistor backplane
Authors: Hayashi Hiroshi , Murai Atsuhito , Miura Masanori , Imada Tatsuo , Terai Yasuhiro , Oshima Yoshihiro , Saitoh Tohru , Hiromasu Yasunobu , Arai Toshiaki
Published: July 2018

We have developed a novel fabrication process for self‐aligned top‐gate oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) that are suitable for high‐resolution and high‐speed driving in display applications. In the proposed process, the aluminum oxide (AlO) layer is sputtered onto a low‐resistance oxide semiconductor film using the top‐gate electrode as a mask to allow the low‐resistance oxide semiconductor region to be selectively maintained as a source/drain region. Because the AlO layer that is formed by the sputtering method offers high barrier performance against impurity diffusion, both high uniformity and high reliability of the oxide TFT are realized. In addition, the developed technology can easily be expanded to enable large substrate fabrication with high productivity. A 12‐in full high‐definition organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display that was driven by the proposed AlO‐barriered self‐aligned top‐gate TFT backplane was shown to provide a solution that was applicable to OLED displays. The technology developed in this work is useful for manufacturing of oxide TFT backplanes for OLED displays, which are required to have both high uniformity and high reliability.
Transport of dissolved black carbon from the Prydz Bay Shelf, Antarctica to the deep Southern Ocean
Authors: Fang Ziming , Yang Weifeng , Chen Min , Stubbins Aron , Ma Haoyang , Jia Renming , Li Qi , Chen Qianna
Published: July 2018

Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is one of the largest pools of molecularly identifiable carbon in the ocean. In the deep ocean, DBC appears to persist for millennia, whereas it can be rapidly degraded by sunlight in surface waters. In Antarctica, the downward transport of dense shelf water (DSW) exports a massive volume of water to the deep Southern Ocean each year. If this sinking DSW is enriched in DBC, it may allow a route for DBC to escape degradation by sunlight in the surface ocean and become sequestered in the deep waters of the global ocean. To investigate this possibility, we quantified dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DBC, and ancillary properties in the waters of an Antarctic shelf sea (Prydz Bay) and adjacent waters. DBC concentrations in Prydz Bay DSW (1.2 ± 0.3 μmol L−1) were elevated compared to those in circumpolar deep water (0.49 ± 0.07 μmol L−1). The water column distribution of DBC in Prydz Bay suggested that sediments were the main source of DBC in DSW. A mixing model incorporating seawater oxygen isotopes (H2δ18O) indicated that Prydz Bay DSW transported DBC and DOC into the deep Southern Ocean. We estimate that the downward transport of DSW from Prydz Bay could contribute 4–9% (66–150 Gg yr−1) and 2–4% (3700–8500 Gg yr−1) to the DBC and DOC concentrations in Antarctic Bottom Water, respectively. Thus, the downward transport of DBC along the Antarctic shelf/slope is likely a significant source of DBC to the deep waters of the Southern and Global Ocean.
Disturbance, nutrients, and antecedent flow conditions affect macroinvertebrate community structure and productivity in an Arctic river
Authors: Kendrick Michael R. , Hershey Anne E. , Huryn Alexander D.
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Climate change is expected to alter disturbance regimes and biogeochemical cycles that underlie the structure and function of ecosystems worldwide. In the Arctic, rapid warming is already affecting these processes via changes in precipitation and thawing permafrost. We assessed how anticipated changes in disturbance regimes and nutrient availability may affect an arctic river ecosystem (Kuparuk River, Alaska) by analyzing temporal patterns of biofilm chlorophyll mass and macroinvertebrate community structure and productivity. Our study incorporated an upstream reach (sampled 2001–2012) and a downstream reach (sampled 2011–2012) to which phosphorus (P) was added to simulate increases in nutrient supply that are anticipated as permafrost thaws. Greater hydrologic disturbance during the open‐water season correlated with reduced algal biomass and invertebrate secondary production (range ∼ 2–7 g DM m−2 yr−1) in the following spring and summer. Bed disturbing flows also altered macroinvertebrate community structure with distinct “high‐flow” and “base‐flow” assemblages documented. Recovery time was shorter for chlorophyll mass and macroinvertebrate production (∼ 1 yr) than community structure (∼ 3 yr). Experimental P‐addition increased algal biomass and invertebrate production, but also resulted in a third macroinvertebrate assemblage dominated by mobile grazers rather than filter‐feeders. Our results suggest that a decrease in the return interval for bed disturbing floods to < 4 yr will result in persistent changes in macroinvertebrate community structure and fundamental alterations to the food web. These results also demonstrate how arctic river communities may be affected by increases in the magnitude and variability of river discharge and nutrient supplies that are anticipated as the climate warms.
The purification and tribological property of the synthetic magnesium silicate hydroxide modified by oleic acid
Authors: Gao Kai , Chang Qiuying , Wang Bin , Zhou Ningning , Qing Tao
Published: July 2018

Modified magnesium silicate hydroxide (MMSH) nanoparticles were synthesised hydrothermally using MgO and SiO2 as precursors and oleic acid as modification agent under alkaline condition. The tribological performances of MMSH as lubricant additives were studied. The X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra show that the synthetic MMSH nanoparticles contain no Mg (OH)2 impurity and belong to the serpentine group. The tribological tests indicate that both MMSH and magnesium silicate hydroxide (MSH) without modification by oleic acid as additives can improve the antiwear property of base oil significantly. Meanwhile, MMSH presents better antiwear property than MSH which attributes to the formation of a tribofilm containing iron oxides, silicon oxides, graphite, Fe3C, FeOOH, and also organic compounds.
Ingestion of an Inulin‐Enriched Pork Sausage Product Positively Modulates the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome of Healthy Rats
Authors: Thøgersen Rebekka , Castro‐Mejía Josué L. , Sundekilde Ulrik Kræmer , Hansen Lars H. , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Bertram Hanne Christine
Published: July 2018

Scope

Processed meat intake is associated with a potential increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. In contrast, dietary fiber consumption has been found to lower CRC risk, possibly via mechanisms involving the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites. This study investigates the effect of inulin enrichment of a common pork sausage product on GM composition and activity in healthy rats.

Methods and results

Thirty Sprague‐Dawley rats are fed a diet based on either an inulin‐enriched sausage (n = 12), a corresponding control sausage without enrichment (n = 12), or a standard chow diet (n = 6) during a 4 week intervention. NMR‐based metabolomics analyses are conducted on fecal and plasma samples, and GM composition is determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Pronounced effects of diets on GM composition and activity are found. Rats fed the inulin‐enriched sausages have increased levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the fecal and plasma metabolome and increased fecal levels of Bifidobacterium spp. as compared to rats fed sausages without enrichment.

Conclusion

Inulin enrichment of a meat product resembles general effects seen upon dietary fiber consumption and corroborates that healthier processed meats can be developed through strategic inclusion of dietary fiber ingredients.
The method of fundamental solution for 3‐D wave scattering in a fluid‐saturated poroelastic infinite domain
Authors: Liu Zhongxian , Wang Zhikun , Cheng Alexander H.D. , Liang Jianwen , Wang Chuchu
Published: July 2018

By using a complete set of poroelastodynamic spherical wave potentials (SWPs) representing a fast compressional wave PI, a slow compressional wave PII, and a shear wave S with 3 vectorial potentials (not all are independent), a solution scheme based on the method of fundamental solution (MFS) is devised to solve 3‐D wave scattering and dynamic stress concentration problems due to inhomogeneous inclusions and cavities embedded in an infinite poroelastic domain. The method is verified by comparing the result with the elastic analytical solution, which is a degenerated case, as well as with poroelastic solution obtained using other numerical methods. The accuracy and stability of the SWP‐MFS are also demonstrated. The displacement, hoop stress, and fluid pore pressure around spherical cavity and poroelastic inclusion with permeable and impermeable boundary are investigated for incident plane PI and SV waves. The scattering characteristics are examined for a range of material properties, such as porosity and shear modulus contrast, over a range of frequency. Compared with other boundary‐based numerical strategy, such as the boundary element method and the indirect boundary integral equation method, the current SWP‐MFS is a meshless method that does not need elements to approximate the geometry and is free from the treatment of singularities. The SWP‐MFS is a highly accurate and efficient solution methodology for wave scattering problems of arbitrary geometry, particularly when a part of the domain extends to infinity.
Reviewing Mechanistic Peptidomics in Body Fluids Focusing on Proteases
Authors: Magalhães Beatriz , Trindade Fábio , Barros António S. , Klein Julie , Amado Francisco , Ferreira Rita , Vitorino Rui
Published: July 2018

The comprehension of how protease networks sculpt proteomes might help to disclose the functional annotation of the peptidome in health and disease. Envisioning to add new insights on the protease networks involved in the regulation of body fluid peptidomes, the authors apply Proteasix software to predict the proteases involved in the generation of the naturally occurring peptides present in six of the most studied human body fluids. Peptidome data is collected from the databases and from experimental studies. The analysis highlights 132 putative proteases from four families with the predominance of serine proteases and metalloproteases. From these, 49 proteases seem to be common to all fluids and are mostly associated to extracellular matrix organization as well as protein/peptide hormone processing. Data analysis also emphasizes: i) the similarity between plasma and CSF protease profiles; ii) that saliva and tears share proteases involved in the generation of peptides with antimicrobial activity; iii) that urine is the body fluid with the highest number of unique putative proteases, precluding an easy tracing of proteolytic events in this case. Taken together, the analysis emphasizes the intricate modus operandi of proteases, challenged by the interconnected pathways and amplification cascades in which they are involved.
Next‐generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules for the ground and excited states of fulvene
Authors: Huang Wei Jie , Momen Roya , Azizi Alireza , Xu Tianlv , Kirk Steven R. , Filatov Michael , Jenkins Samantha
Published: July 2018

A vector‐based representation of the chemical bond is introduced, which we refer to as the bond‐path framework set B = {p, q, r}, where p, q, and r represent 3 eigenvector‐following paths with corresponding lengths H*, H, and the familiar quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) bond‐path length (BPL). The intended application of B is for molecules subjected to various types of reactions and distortions, including photoisomerization reactions, applied torsions θ, or normal modes of vibration. The lengths H* and H of the eigenvector‐following paths are constructed using the
e

1 and
e

2 Hessian eigenvectors, respectively, along the bond path, these corresponding to the least and most preferred directions of charge density accumulation. In particular, the paths p and q provide a vector representation of the scalar QTAIM ellipticity ε. The bond‐path framework set B is applied to the excited state deactivation of fulvene that involves distortions along various intramolecular degrees of freedom, such as the bond stretching/compression of bond‐length alternation and bond torsion distortions. We find that the H* and H lengths can differentiate between the ground and excited electronic states, in contrast to the QTAIM BPL. Five unique paths were presented for B = {(p0,p1), (q0,q1), r} for the ground and first excited states where the profile of the scaling factor, the ellipticity ε, reveals a large unexpected asymmetry for the excited state.
Liquid extraction surface analysis nanospray electrospray ionization based lipidomics for in situ analysis of tumor cells with multidrug resistance
Authors: Zong Li , Pi Zifeng , Liu Shu , Xing Junpeng , Liu Zhiqiang , Song Fengrui
Published: July 2018

Rationale

Multidrug resistance (MDR) occurs frequently and is a major challenge in tumor treatment. The lipid composition in the cell membrane and the redox balance are closely associated with the development of MDR. Liquid extraction surface analysis in combination with mass spectrometry (LESA‐MS) has the characteristics of minimal sample preparation, rapid analysis, high sensitivity and high throughput, and has obtained wide applications.

Methods

LESA‐MS was employed to in situ determine the lipids and other specific metabolites of intact MCF‐7/ADR cells (adriamycin‐resistant breast cancer cells) and its parental MCF‐7/S cells grown on a glass slide. In situ atomic force microscopy was used to observe the morphology of tumor cells before and after extraction. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate the potential lipid biomarkers correlated with the MDR. Moreover, the cell membrane fluidity and potential were determined.

Results

The changes in the level of the lipids were closely correlated with the multidrug resistance of MCF‐7/S cells. Moreover, lower cell membrane fluidity and higher cell membrane potential were observed and thus demonstrated the changes in the cell membrane induced by multidrug resistance. Also, the ratios of GSH/GSSG, ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP were significantly higher in MCF‐7/ADR cells relative to MCF‐7/S cells.

Conclusions

Lower cell membrane fluidity and higher cell membrane potential caused by the changes in lipid compositions, enhanced anti‐oxidative ability and energy generation were involved in the development of the MDR. The specific alterations identified in this study may provide more information for overcoming MDR.
Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generate Light Responsive Retinal Organoids with Variable and Nutrient-Dependent Efficiency
Authors: Hallam Dean , Hilgen Gerrit , Dorgau Birthe , Zhu Lili , Yu Min , Bojic Sanja , Hewitt Philip , Schmitt Michael , Uteng Marianne , Kustermann Stefan , Steel David , Nicholds Mike , Thomas Robert , Treumann Achim , Porter Andrew , Sernagor Evelyne , Armstrong Lyle , Lako Majlinda
Published: July 2018

The availability of in vitro models of the human retina in which to perform pharmacological and toxicological studies is an urgent and unmet need. An essential step for developing in vitro models of human retina is the ability to generate laminated, physiologically functional, and light-responsive retinal organoids from renewable and patient specific sources. We investigated five different human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines and showed a significant variability in their efficiency to generate retinal organoids. Despite this variability, by month 5 of differentiation, all iPSC-derived retinal organoids were able to generate light responses, albeit immature, comparable to the earliest light responses recorded from the neonatal mouse retina, close to the period of eye opening. All iPSC-derived retinal organoids exhibited at this time a well-formed outer nuclear like layer containing photoreceptors with inner segments, connecting cilium, and outer like segments. The differentiation process was highly dependent on seeding cell density and nutrient availability determined by factorial experimental design. We adopted the differentiation protocol to a multiwell plate format, which enhanced generation of retinal organoids with retinal-pigmented epithelium (RPE) and improved ganglion cell development and the response to physiological stimuli. We tested the response of iPSC-derived retinal organoids to Moxifloxacin and showed that similarly to in vivo adult mouse retina, the primary affected cell types were photoreceptors. Together our data indicate that light responsive retinal organoids derived from carefully selected and differentiation efficient iPSC lines can be generated at the scale needed for pharmacology and drug screening purposes.
Vitamin C Promotes Astrocyte Differentiation Through DNA Hydroxymethylation
Authors: Kim Jong-Hwan , Kim Mirang , He Xi-Biao , Wulansari Noviana , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Bae Dong-Hyuck , Huh Nanhyung , Kim Yong Sung , Lee Sang-Hun , Kim Seon-Young
Published: July 2018

Previous studies have reported that vitamin C (VC) promotes neural stem/precursor cell (NSC) differentiation toward dopamine (DA) neurons via DNA hydroxymethylation-induced transcriptional activation of DA neuron-specific genes. To further understand the VC effects on NSC differentiation, we profiled the transcriptome and DNA methylome/hydroxymethylome using high-throughput sequencing. Interestingly, RNA sequencing analyses have shown that, in addition to DA neuronal genes, astrocytic genes Gfap, Slc1a3, and S100a16 were also upregulated in NSC cultures differentiated with VC treatment. Consistently, enhanced GFAP+ astrocytic yields were manifested in the differentiated cultures with VC treatment, collectively indicating that VC promotes astrocytic differentiation. In genome-wide hydroxymethylome analyses, VC treatment induces enrichment of DNA hydroxymethylation (5-hydroxymethyl cytosine; 5hmC) near the consensus binding motifs of nuclear factor I (NFI). Furthermore, we showed that VC significantly enhanced recruitment of NFI and STAT3, key transcription factors for astrogenesis, in the 5hmC-enriched regions of the astrocyte-specific genes. These findings suggest that VC play important roles in astrocytogenesis during brain development.
Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescence Properties of Rare Earth Complexes with β‐Diketone containing Imidazole Group
Authors: Yang Ping
Published: July 2018

A series of lanthanide metal complexes [Ln = Sm (1 and 5), Eu (2 and 6), Tb (3 and 7), Er (4 and 8)] were synthesized with imidazole‐containing β‐diketone ligands. Complexes 1–8 were characterized by IR, elemental analysis, powder XRD, and TG measurements. The photoluminescence properties and the probable mechanism of the Sm, Eu, and Tb complexes were studied. The Eu complex generated strong red light in response to excitation with purple light (380–420 nm). Their fluorescence lifetime of 2 and 6 were 378 and 267 μs, respectively. The measurement and analysis of the thermal properties showed that these were thermal stable. Therefore, it can be applied to LED fluorescent powder.
Constraining the Higgs self-couplings at e+e− colliders
Authors: Maltoni Fabio , Pagani Davide , Zhao Xiaoran
Published: July 2018

Abstract

We study the sensitivity to the shape of the Higgs potential of single, double, and triple Higgs production at future e
+
e
− colliders. Physics beyond the Standard Model is parameterised through the inclusion of higher-dimensional operators (Φ†Φ−v
2
/2)
n

/Λ(2n−4) with n = 3, 4, which allows a consistent treatment of independent deviations of the cubic and quartic self-couplings beyond the tree level. We calculate the effects induced by a modified potential up to one loop in single and double Higgs production and at the tree level in triple Higgs production, for both Z boson associated and W boson fusion production mechanisms. We consider two different scenarios. First, the dimension six operator provides the dominant contribution (as expected, for instance, in a linear effective-field-theory (EFT)); we find in this case that the corresponding Wilson coefficient can be determined at

$$ \mathcal{O}\left(10\%\right) $$

O

10
%

accuracy by just combining accurate measurements of single Higgs cross sections at

$$ \sqrt{\widehat{s}}=240-250 $$

s
^

=
240
−
250

GeV and double Higgs production in W boson fusion at higher energies. Second, both operators of dimension six and eight can give effects of similar order, i.e., independent quartic self-coupling deviations are present. Constraints on Wilson coefficients can be best tested by combining measurements from single, double and triple Higgs production. Given that the sensitivity of single Higgs production to the dimension eight operator is presently unknown, we consider double and triple Higgs production and show that combining their information colliders at higher energies will provide first coarse constraints on the corresponding Wilson coefficient.