bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creative Temporary Use of Vacant Building
Authors: Danurdoro Dwi Hatmojo , Bhumi Yogie Candra
Published: February 2022

Deterioration in urban areas requires revitalization efforts to reuse vacant buildings. This is essential because abandoned buildings are known to have a negative influence on the situation and public activities in their surroundings. To reduce negative impact and prevent further damage to such buildings, a first step that can be taken is to activate these spaces with a variety of temporary functions. Creative activities with their flexible and experimental character are ideal solutions for temporary use of abandoned buildings. Artists are considered capable of inspiring society, including policymakers, in responding to this issue. In addition, abandoned buildings can be seen as ‘spatial experiments’ that can be a good source of creative ideas for the city. This paper discusses an artist’s approach to creating works of art in response to a specific abandoned building. Furthermore, the realization of a temporary creative activity, its background, its initiation, and impact on the stakeholders and the community was studied as a possible model for a re-activation strategy towards abandoned buildings in urban areas involving various parties. The Dian Lentera Budaya exhibition by Tisna Sanjaya was used as a case study. The exhibition took place at Bioskop Dian, a historical building in the city of Bandung that is currently not in use.
Análise do não uso do laboratório de informática nas escolas públicas e estudo de caso
Authors: Odorico Elizandra K. , Nunes Denilson M. , Moreira Alex , de Oliveira Helen M. P. , Cardoso Andréa
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa desenvolvida em duas escolas publicas com o objetivo de investigar a concepção dos professores em relação a estrutura física das escolas e laboratórios de informática, a utilização desses espaços e apropriação das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação no planejamento e execução das aulas. Conclui-se que o maior desafio e a inserção dos recursos computacionais no projeto pedagógico da escola e o incentivo a apropriação da cultura digital por parte dos professores.
Cinco anos de Ceibal: a inclusão digital e suas mudanças nas comunidades fronteiriças
Authors: Maciel Marcia , Leite Raquel Machado , Passerino Liliana M.
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho visa analisar o projeto de inclusão digital instituído no Uruguai, focando nosso olhar para o que pensam os envolvidos neste projeto desde a chegada dos computadores nas escolas públicas. Nossa análise centra-se em depoimentos de alunos, pais e professores, sobre o impacto do projeto durante os anos de existência nas cidades de Artigas e Rivera, que estão na fronteira com o Brasil. A introdução dos computadores portáteis na vida social oferece novas possibilidades para estas pessoas se conectarem com o mundo, permitindo analisar as configurações de interação e inclusão social dos protagonistas. Introduzir o Ceibal nas atividades escolares tornou possível a apropriação da inovação, promovendo espaços de comunicação, troca de experiências, cooperação e colaboração entre os diferentes atores deste cenário: alunos, famílias, inspetores, professores de informática, professores de disciplinas tradicionais, técnicos e etc.
Formação continuada de professores de Matemática com apoio de uma rede social na internet: mobilização de capital social
Authors: Barcelos Gilmara T. , Passerino Liliana M. , Behar Patricia A.
Published: February 2022

As tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) abrem importantes possibilidades para a aprendizagem de Matemática. Para tanto, é essencial que os professores tenham oportunidades para se prepararem. Considerando que a formação de professores de Matemática é um processo contínuo, o objetivo geral da pesquisa realizada foi construir e analisar uma proposta de formação continuada, para os egressos da licenciatura em Matemática, e, analisar a influencia dessa formação na prática docente. A proposta foi denominada T-PROIM - Tecnologias na Prática docente de Professores Iniciantes de Matemática. Essa visou a possibilitar a integração das TIC à prática docente e fundamentou-se na teoria vygotskyana. Uma Rede social na Internet, implementada com a plataforma Elgg, apoiou a formação. A pesquisa foi de caráter qualitativo por meio de um estudo de caso. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram questionário, entrevistas, observação e conteúdos postados na rede social na Internet (RSI). Neste artigo destaca-se a mobilização das dimensões do capital social nas interações na RSI. A análise dos dados sinalizou que a formação T-PROIM influenciou a prática docente dos professores quanto ao uso de TIC no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática.
Plataforma Educopédia: uma análise crítica do uso pedagógico de mídias digitais em seu ambiente
Authors: Nogueira Filon Suarte , Sampaio Fábio Ferrentini
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir o uso de mídias digitais em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Para se obter os resultados, escolheu-se como objeto de análise a plataforma Educopedia, da secretaria municipal de educação da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Baseando-se nas informações disponíveis no referido site, bem como na análise de aulas e atividades propostas aos alunos, chegou-se à conclusão de que a plataforma utiliza os recursos midiáticos de forma tradicional, numa abordagem fortemente instrucionista, sem opção de ferramentas interativas e colaborativas.
ProUCA em ação: Relatos sobre as possibilidades do software Squeak Etoys na prática pedagógica
Authors: Schneider Henrique N. , de Melo Daniele Santana , Souza Adriana Alves Novais
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a inserção do Projeto Um Computador por Aluno na realidade escolar, apresentando experiências de práticas pedagógicas utilizando-se do software Squeak Etoys, disponível no laptop educacional. O trabalho apresenta um breve recorte histórico a respeito do projeto citado, sobre sua inserção nas escolas públicas e da dinâmica da formação continuada entre professores de algumas escolas de Sergipe contempladas pelo projeto. A pesquisa baseou-se em um estudo de caso, apresentando depoimentos obtidos a partir da formação continuada doProjeto UCA, evidenciando práticas exitosas a partir da inserção do Programa no estado, que podem ser difundidas e aprimoradas pelos docentes.
Rede social na Internet como apoio à Formação Docente
Authors: Barcelos Gilmara T. , Batista Silvia Cristina F.
Published: February 2022

Este artigo analisa um estudo de caso promovido em uma disciplina de um curso de especialização para professores. Nessa disciplina, discutiu-se o uso pedagógico de tecnologias digitais (TD) e, apoiando as atividades, foi utilizada uma rede social na Internet (RSI). Este artigo visa, então, analisar dificuldades e vantagens do uso de uma RSI na preparação de professores. Para tanto, inicialmente reflete-se sobre a importância do uso pedagógico de RSI. A seguir, é descrito o contexto do estudo de caso e os procedimentos metodológicos adotados. Finalizando, são analisadas vantagens e dificuldades do uso da RSI, levantadas por meio de observação, questionário e registros dos usuários na rede. De maneira geral, o uso da RSI foi considerado positivo.
Relato da Utilização de uma Metodologia de Trabalho para o Ensino de Ciência da Computação no Ensino Médio
Authors: Scaico Pasqueline Dantas , Corlett Emilayne Feitosa , Paiva Luiz Fernando , Raposo Ewerton Henning Souto , Alencar Yugo
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho registra a experiência de alunos de um curso de Licenciatura em Computação com atividades que estão promovendo o ensino de Computação em escolas públicas. Pode-se observar que a metodologia de trabalho utilizada para sistematizar as ações do projeto é um resultado que pode ser utilizado por aqueles que estejam interessados em levar o tema para espaços escolares. Também faz parte do relato os primeiros reflexos concretos do trabalho.
Relato de Experiência de Blended Learning: O Moodle e o Facebook Como Ambientes de Extensão da Sala de Aula Presencial
Authors: Araújo Renata , Panerai Thelma
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho se apresenta como um relato de experiência de Blended Learning com os discentes do 8° período do Curso presencial de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, na disciplina eletiva de Introdução à Educação a Distância de uma Universidade Federal, onde o Moodle e o Facebook foram consolidados como ambientes de extensão da sala de aula presencial. Discutiremos as possibilidades e os desafios do uso destes ambientes pedagógicos como forma de continuidade do processo educativo, para além da sala de aula, a partir da concepção dos discentes, que consideraram tal experiência como construtiva, inovadora e favorecedora de novas possibilidades educativas em suas práticas pedagógicas como futuros docentes.
Supervisão de Estágio: uma experiência em rede
Authors: Da Rocha Karla M. , Abegg Ilse , Rela Eliana
Published: February 2022

Este artigo aborda a utilização das Tecnologias Educacionais em Rede, especialmente o recurso Wiki, na disciplina de Supervisão de Estágio em um Programa Especial de Graduação de Formação de Professores para a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. Analisou-se os registros feitos por vinte e nove estudantes e o respectivo orientador, referentes aos planos de aula e sua implementação. As postagens geraram reflexões no espaço Wiki, proporcionando categorias de elementos indicadores para a supervisão dos futuros estágios, na forma de rede de conversação. A possibilidade de acompanhamentos, orientações, avaliações e aprendizagens tornou-se efetivamente um período de construção de experiências, além do espaço acadêmico.
Rectus Sheath Hematoma
Authors: Doğan Serhat , Sözen Selim , Hakan Kanat Burhan , Söğütlü Gökhan , Gençtürk Mehmet , Erdem Hasan
Published: February 2022

A hematoma is a collection of blood in an extravascular space and is named according to its location. Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) was first described by Hippocrates and Galen about 25 centuries ago due to abdominal trauma, which is a rare cause of acute abdomen. It is uncommon, which may lead to delayed diagnosis in patients with acute abdomen. This condition arises due to trauma or hypertension in patients with bleeding disorders, using anticoagulants, doing heavy physical exercise, pregnant women, connective tissue diseases, and hematological diseases. The diagnosis can be made by detailed anamnesis, physical examination, ultrasonography, and contrast-enhanced abdominal tomography. For a accurate diagnosis, first of all, the medical history of these patients should be carefully questioned. CT and ultrasonography (USG) are used in the diagnosis of this condition. In many patients, conservative treatment by eliminating the predisposing factor is sufficient. In conclusion, with the increase in use of anticoagulation, the incidence of RSH is expected to increase. Every physician in the surgical field should keep rectus sheath hematoma at the top of the differential diagnosis list in patients presenting with acute abdominal pain and palpable abdominal mass.
Role of Eco-Village Initiatives in Mitigating Desertification in Semi-Arid Areas of Tanzania
Authors: S. Mswima Fredy , L. Kaswamila Abiud
Published: February 2022

Climate change adaptation actions for mitigating desertification and improving community livelihood in developing countries have attracted numerous scholarly works. However, there have been insufficient findings on the adaptation regarding the eco-village practices in semi-arid areas in particular. This inspired a study to assess the role of eco-village practices in strengthening climate change adaptive capacity and mitigating desertification in semi-arid areas of Chololo village, Dodoma region in central Tanzania. Data were collected using mixed methods, that is, household survey (92), focus group discussions (21), key informants interviews (6), field observation and documentary review. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis were used in analyzing quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The study found a relatively high level of community awareness on the eco-village initiative; the initiative rehabilitated village forest reserve; improved land productivity for sorghum and pearl millet; increased number of planted trees; and strengthening communities’ adaptation to climate change through improved households’ nutrition, income and reduced water stress.
Natality and Tradition: Reading Arendt with Habermas and Gadamer
Authors: Ferguson Magnus ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2022

This paper situates Hannah Arendt’s concept of natality between the rival concerns of Habermasian critical theory and Gadamerian hermeneutical philosophy. I argue that natality is simultaneously emancipatory and hermeneutically grounded. This is to say that Arendt affirms the possibility of reflectively disrupting precedents set by tradition, even as she refrains from overestimating the emancipatory powers of critical reflection. Through comparison with Habermas and Gadamer, it emerges that Arendt conceives of repetition and revolution as jointly constitutive of human natality. At bottom, natality is not simply an innate capacity for newness, but rather refers to the site of an irreducible confrontation between past and future.
Statistical Analysis and Design of Recreational Outboard Propellers
Authors: Mizina M. , Latorre Robert
Published: February 2022

A large number of recreational craft are now built throughout the world. This has resulted in the possibility of using different outboard motors and types of outboard motor propellers. These propellers have been developed by trial and error over the past decades. Consequently they represent a state of the art for a number of propeller designs including the "cupped propeller" with a bent trailing edge.

The present paper presents an overview of these outboard motor propellers. It then examines the possibilities for the performance improvement when the propellers are designed and manufactured with spoilers. Finally the results of systematic calculations are presented to illustrate the possibility of the propeller with spoiler for cavitating outboard motor propellers.
A Design for a Dual Stage Torsional Coupling for Modem Diesel Propulsion Systems
Authors: Kirschey Gerhard , Arnott Robert E.
Published: February 2022

Developments within the diesel engine and associated marine reduction gear industries have created a need for a radical evaluation of the torsionally flexible coupling fitted between them to provide a general solution of the requirements for the series producers in either industry (generally considered to be <2000HP I 1800 rev/min). This paper briefly presents the diesel application engineers philosophies for the two traditional solutions based upon rubber-in-compression and rubber-in-shear, discussing the merits and liabilities of each solution, and in doing so, develops the design goals for the torsionally flexible coupling presented in this paper. In order that the coupling is universally applicable to the whole industry, the paper briefly outlines the design versatility and ease of refurbishment.
The Influence of Virtual Space on Contemporary Identity: The Perspective of Philosophy
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Chengbing
Published: February 2022

The issue of identity has been a key philosophical topic among philosophers since the beginning of the 21th century. The Virtual space and the Internet have exerted an enormous influence on people’s life in the age of information. This article studies the influence of virtual space on identity in the Internet age from the philosophical perspective. The authors think that growth of the influence of computers and network technology on human beings has been a progressive and multi-staged process. Synthesising and analysing the achievements of related research both in China and abroad, it is clear that computers’ relationship with human beings has gone through three stages: the first in which the computer was like a tool, the second in which it was like a mirror, and the third in which it is like a gateway or maze, that is, the virtue reality and space. Focusing only on the relations between virtual space and identity ‘on the ground’, the article proposes that the following two guidelines may aid future inquiry. First, discussing and thinking about the issue of identity from the perspective of relations between virtual space and identity can deepen our understanding of the constituent elements of contemporary identity. Second, the discussion of identity in its relation to virtual space can spur more considerations of the ‘self’ qua critical concept.
Prescriptive Model of Moral Heuristics Usage
Authors: Nadurak Vitaliy
Published: February 2022

Moral heuristics are methods that serve the purpose of reducing the effort associated with moral desion making. The purpose of this article is to create a prescriptive model of moral heuristics usage. It provides that the heuristic’s efficiency depends on the problem that we are solving by using heuristics, the environment in which they are used, and the moral standard of the decision-maker. Accordingly, for the effective use of heuristics, it is necessary to, first, use heuristics that are relevant to problem situations; second, heuristics should be used in the environment in which their effectiveness is established; third, the choice of heuristics should be determined by the moral standard of the decision-maker.
Visual Representation of the Intellectuals and Philosophers in the Hungarian Reform Era (1825–1848)
Authors: Mester Béla
Published: February 2022

In the modern cultural industry, visual representation acquired a special role. In East-Central Europe, portraits made in this crucial epoch created a solid visual canon of the national classics. Another sign of this cultural transformation is the new structure of the public realms, because of the functional transformation of the usage of urban places. In the case of the topic of this paper, the Hungarian Reform Era (1825–1848) was this crucial epoch. In the present paper, an overview of the appearance of the portraits of the known intellectuals will be offered. In the non-censored press of the revolutionary period, the genre of caricature appeared as a counterpart of these ‘star-portraits’, as it will be shown in the next section. In the last section, a tension of these highly individualised portraits will be analysed both in the idealistic form of ‘star-portraits’ and the caricatures, and the appearance of the same figures within the visual representation of the revolutionary mass-scenes. The most emblematic location from this point of view is the place around the Hungarian National Museum. In the history of the European philosophy, this transformation of the visual representation and the usage of public realms is connected with the subsequent waves of the common sense philosophy from its Scottish roots through the philosophy to its special role in the Hungarian intellectual life.
Features of peaceful contacts between Lithuanians and Germans in the 14th-century vortex of war
Authors: Baronas Darius
Published: February 2022

The aim of this article is to make an enquiry into the peaceful contacts between the Lithuanians and the Germans, which were bound to take place against the backdrop of continual hostilities in the 14th century. Scholarship has made very much in terms of political history of this war (circumstances and results of military campaigns, their chronological sequence, participants, etc.), but, in our opinion, it has so far not devoted sufficient attention to the fact that even in those circumstances the pagan society of Lithuania was rather receptive to the military and non-military innovations that arrived in the wake of this war. The chronological limits of our paper lie largely in square with those of the chronicle of Wigand of Marburg (1311–1394), a chronicle which, along with that of Peter of Duisburg, supplies the bulk of evidence and spans a rather long period of time to allow us to see what spheres of interaction were most exposed to mutual contacts. In pursuing this aim, we have broken down the availbale material into what follows: a) talks and banquettes of Lithuanian grand dukes with Teutonic knights; b) knights serving at the grand-ducal court; c) German and Lithuanian deserters and d) the movement of military innovations in both directions. It became clear that peaceful contacts were quite intensive between the parties, but they involved only a very limited number of men: such contacts were maintained by Lithuanian dukes and their closest entourage and by the top military officers of the Teutonic Order (mainly grand master and marshal) and the commanders of frontier castles (Ragnit, e. g.). The contacts between them may be regarded as pragmatic in the sense that they were unavoidable in the midst of hostilities when talks on armistice and negotiations over the matters related to prisoners-of-war had to be on the order of the day. This zone of interaction produced a thin social stratum that must be regarded as the main go-between who brought news to one side about the other (they were spies, scouts, deserters and the like). It is also clear that contacts between the Lithuanian grand dukes and the knights were instrumental in stimulating the Lithuanians to adopt certain elements of knightly culture while they were still pagan (the second half of the 14th – first half of the 15th century).
Guilds of craftsmen in Merkinė in the 17th century
Authors: Baliulis Algirdas
Published: February 2022

On 7 December 1569, the town of Merkinė received the Magdeburg Law from the Grand Duke Žygimantas Augustas of Lithuania. The newly granted rights of municipality allowed the local craftsmen to set up their guilds. It is known that the guild of shoemakers was established there in 1614, that of curriers in 1618, that of tailors in 1639, that of merchants in 1650. There is a mention of the head of the guild of butchers dating from 1707, but the date of the establishement of this guild remains unknown. The ruler used to confirm the statutes of the newly established guilds; some statutes were reconfirmed upon new accession to the throne. This article discloses the hierarchical structure within the guilds by discussing the appropriate paragraphs of the statutes; also, it demonstrates the basic conditions within which the members of the guilds took part in the social life of the town and the state. The relations among different guilds of the town are also discussed. After the town had been ransacked by Muscovite troops in 1655, the guilds disappeared for long. Some sort of recovery is to be seen in that King Augustus II reconfirmed the statutes of shoemakers in 1718. On that occasion, the ruler had also to fordid the Jews from trading in the imported goods of this sort, as the craftsmen of Merkinė were too weak to survive in the face of this kind of rivalry.
Reduplication of words in Lithuanian
Authors: Uselytė Jurgita
Published: February 2022

Reduplication is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word, or part of it, is repeated. It is found in many languages, though its importance and productivity vary. However, in some languages, reduplication can happen more than once. Triplication is the term for copying three times (i. e. in Lithuanian language rururù, kikikì, lalala). There are two types of reduplication in Lithuanian: root/stem/syllable reduplication (i. e. baubau, bė́bė; bobõ; būbū, caca, ėė, gaga, kaka, kūkū, lala, lili, liūliū), word reduplication (i. e. bim bam, pykšt pakšt, bruzdu brazdu, capu lapu, čyru vyru, šuldu buldu). These words have full and partial reduplication. Full reduplication involves a reduplication of the entire word (i. e. nunù, riri, rururù, kaka). Partial reduplication involves a reduplication of only part of the word, e. g. papákšt (veiksmažodis pakštelėti), babarkšt (barkštelėti), babámst (bambstelėti). Reduplication may be initial (i. e. prefixal), final (i. e. suffixal), or internal (i. e. infixal). Initial reduplications in Lithuanian: le-lèpt; lilingt; ka-karyku; li-lìngu; liuliùčio, dri-dringt, švi-švil̃pt. Final reduplications: klikla-kla; klikle-kle, hm-m, šiū-ū̃. Internal reduplications: ci-li-lingt; ta-la-laku at-gim-giminy, vin-gur-gurklis. Word reduplication is partial and has various differences: strykt strakt; šnýpšt, blykst pablykst; blỹkš pablykš; buldu buldais; dingu daugais and etc. A-not-A question reduplication is an interesting type of reduplication. This idea is further supported by the fact that a partial-copying of A-not-A constructions have phonological priority, in that the copied material is a syllable, a prosodic element, e. g., čia-ne-čia, kadà-ne-kadà, kad-ne-kad, kaip-ne-kaĩp, kame-ne-kamè, kàs-ne-kàs, koks-ne-koks, kokia-ne-kokia.
Crisis existenciales de máquinas conscientes: reflexiones sobre la condición maquínica a través del arte y la filosofía especulativa
Authors: Rikić Fusté Mónica
Published: February 2022

Pensar la ciencia y la tecnología desde las humanidades nos permite proyectar el tipo de sociedad que queremos ser en el futuro. Debemos ser conscientes de que, para enfrentarnos a los retos actuales, tenemos que romper las divisiones culturales y entender el mundo de forma transversal. Ahora que gracias al desarrollo científico y tecnológico sabemos que nunca podremos saberlo todo, necesitamos aprender a convivir con la incertidumbre y el misterio. El pensamiento creativo, y concretamente el arte, es una práctica que nos permite explorar lo desconocido sin buscar respuesta absoluta a todo, ya que a veces, simplemente, no hay respuesta, sino nuevas preguntas a priori inimaginables.

En mi práctica artística reciente, me he dedicado a estudiar nuestra relación con la tecnología, centrándome en el rol social de la IA (inteligencia artificial) y entrelazando el pensamiento crítico con la experimentación técnica. Mi objetivo es abrir y habitar una grieta de pensamiento en torno a los retos tecnocientíficos actuales, utilizando el arte y la imaginación como herramientas.

Mediante el desarrollo de distintas piezas de arte electrónico, me he permitido imaginar identidades artificiales postsingulares, encarnadas en robots conscientes, a través de las que he ido creando un conjunto de narrativas especulativas sobre tecnologías alternativas. Estos entes artificiales huyen de proyecciones distópicas y son dotados siempre de la condición de sujeto múltiple, actuando como reflejo social.

A modo de alegoría, estas piezas representan la evolución de los objetos tecnológicos en sistemas orgánicos, proponiendo una vía de comprensión de las tecnologías como algo separado del humano e invitando a valorar las máquinas en su génesis propia. En este ensayo, hago una revisión de las bases conceptuales de mi investigación artística, mostrando ejemplos prácticos y defendiendo el arte especulativo como herramienta para reformular los imaginarios impuestos por la narrativa dominante, redefiniendo nuestro rol en la nueva cosmología tecnosocial.
Museos, memoria colectiva e imaginarios narrativos. La comunicación participativa como estrategia para construir relatos no hegemónicos en museos con vocación social
Authors: Gayà Morlà Catalina Morla , Rizo García Marta
Published: February 2022

El ensayo plantea comprender los museos como agentes con capacidad de impulsar estrategias de comunicación participativa que permitan la interacción con las comunidades, con la finalidad de que estas participen en la construcción de los relatos que las instituciones museísticas hacen sobre ellas. Partimos de una premisa clara: actualmente, los museos con vocación social se enfrentan a una crisis de participación y de relato. Para enfrentar estas crisis, es apremiante discutir acerca de la participación y las formas de acceso e inclusión de las comunidades en los museos, por un lado, y sobre los imaginarios narrativos que dichas instituciones proponen en sus discursos, por el otro. En un primer momento, se presentan las nociones de comunicación y comunidad de práctica, que entendemos como básicas para la inclusión de los imaginarios colectivos en el relato cultural que proponen los museos. En un segundo momento, se plantea la comunicación participativa como propuesta teórico-metodológica que hace posible la vinculación entre relatos y memorias colectivas. Para ilustrar empíricamente la propuesta, recuperamos algunas conclusiones del proceso de comunicación participativa impulsado por el Museo Marítimo de Mallorca durante 2018 y 2019. El ensayo cierra con algunas conclusiones de la investigación empírica referida y con una discusión abierta que pretende seguir alimentando el debate en torno a la relación entre museos, memoria y relato.
Imaginación tecnológica e ideología de la innovación
Authors: Aibar Eduard
Published: February 2022

El vínculo entre tecnología e imaginación es, como mínimo, doble. Por un lado, el diseño y la creación de artefactos técnicos siempre comienzan con actos deliberados de imaginación, más o menos radicales, en los que se conciben formas diferentes de hacer algo, nuevas prácticas o metas que hasta el momento eran impensables. Por el otro, las tecnologías disponibles en una sociedad modelan y condicionan en gran medida los límites de lo imaginable.

La imaginación contemporánea sobre la tecnología, sin embargo, atraviesa una fase peculiar en su relación con el futuro. Por un lado, la recreación artística del futuro vinculado a la tecnología, tanto en cine como en literatura, dibuja mayormente escenarios distópicos o catastróficos, en los que la única salida, al margen del colapso, es la huida del planeta. En cambio, fuera del arte y la ficción, las formas de pensar la tecnología y de imaginar su relación con el ser humano o la vida están desde hace tiempo secuestradas por la ideología de la innovación.

En este artículo exploramos, precisamente, esta ideología, algunos de sus aspectos clave, así como sus lazos con otros idearios, conceptos o doctrinas: desde la denominada ideología californiana, fraguada en torno a internet, hasta el neoliberalismo y el discurso del emprendimiento. Analizaremos de qué modo el foco en la innovación restringe enormemente nuestra visión de la tecnología y empobrece al máximo la experiencia humana de lo técnico. Y estudiaremos, por último, cómo el determinismo tecnológico, el solucionismo o la visión lineal del desarrollo tecnológico, componentes clave de la ideología de la innovación, son obstáculos insalvables para construir ecologías de la imaginación radical alrededor de la tecnología, en las que también se puedan anclar nuevas vías de transformación social.
Imaginación radical y anacronía de las imágenes: radios libres y vídeo comunitario en España
Authors: Gozalo Salellas Ignasi
Published: February 2022

Este ensayo presenta las prácticas de comunicación comunitarias que se produjeron en los años setenta en España e Italia como experiencias de pedagogía e imaginación radical. Se propone la imaginación radical anacrónica como el aprendizaje que nos ofrece el montaje de diferentes experiencias de creación colectiva a través del tiempo y a partir de la memoria del pasado. Es una forma de combatir los límites de la imaginación en el tiempo póstumo actual (Garcés 2019). Esta imaginación radical no se interesa por la representación de las imágenes, sino que se detiene en el carácter constitutivo de los actos imaginativos que las comunidades de práctica producen en la sociedad. El pensador Cornelius Castoriadis lo definiría como instituciones transformadoras. 

Poco se han estudiado las prácticas autónomas de comunicación que se dieron en los años setenta y ochenta en España. En España, algunas prácticas de mesocomunicación caracterizadas por ser de bajo coste, descentralizadas, locales, plurales y de servicio social (Gubern 1985), tales como el vídeo comunitario y las radios libres, propusieron caminos alternativos al horror vacui cultural e institucional de esos años transicionales. Importando elementos de movimientos socioculturales anglosajones y de Europa, las experiencias de Video-Nou o Radio Alice se basaron en la noción de prototipo como herramienta pedagógica para la transformación social, local y situada, más que en la producción artística o comunicativa. Serían prácticas del «do it ourselves».
Imaginando ecologías futuras: la imaginación kantiana a través de las generaciones
Authors: Gómez Franco Irene
Published: February 2022

La imaginación es una facultad que permite al ser humano ponerse en el lugar del otro y tener presentes diferentes puntos de vista. En este artículo examino de qué manera la imaginación puede concebirse en una dimensión ampliada no solo en el espacio sino también en el tiempo, en el sentido de una «visita al otro» futuro. Para este fin, primero examino diversos ejercicios de la imaginación: en tanto que simpatía tal y como la formuló Adam Smith y compromiso según Amartya Sen, pero también en la lectura política que Hannah Arendt realiza de la facultad de juzgar de la filosofía kantiana. Esta idea de la imaginación es promisoria para fundar una responsabilidad basada en lo público y en la deliberación orientada a la construcción del mundo en común, haciéndonos cargo de las necesidades de las generaciones futuras. Pero la imaginación por sí sola no es suficiente, se necesita también una educación del individuo, a la vez que estructuras políticas y económicas que fomenten una ciudadanía activa, crítica y responsable.
Stretches of imagination at the end of times: Affective workouts against apocalypse
Authors: Hentschel Christine
Published: February 2022

This paper depicts imagination in the horizon of the posthumous condition as a number of “affective workouts” – emotionally demanding exercises of reaching out and relating that require routines, training, staging and a fearless will to connect. The conceptual inspiration comes from Günther Anders’ postwar writings on our blindness in the face of the apocalyptic threat of the nuclear bomb and his propositions of moral stretching exercises to train our imagination. By bringing some of his ideas from the atomic age to our current ecological crisis, this paper allows his end times to speak to ours, and ask: what does it mean to imagine (with) the apocalypse as a way of forestalling it?
El temps circular: noves maneres de narrar l’experiència. La dramatúrgia acumulativa de La Conquesta del Pol Sud
Authors: Vidal Castell David , Garde Cristina
Published: February 2022

L’article examina de manera crítica la temporalitat pròpia de la narració capitalista occidental, caracteritzada per l’oposició entre passat, present i futur, i que Heidegger va anomenar «temps vulgar»: lineal, unívoc, segmentat, veloç i accelerat. En tant que éssers simbòlics, conformats individualment i col·lectiva per narracions, trobem cabdal proposar una temporalitat alternativa –en part d’inspiració oriental, en part provinent de la filosofia i la crítica de la cultura–, que entén el temps com un procés circular, i que ens dota de nous recursos per narrar l’experiència, generar imaginaris i construir-nos des de l’empatia, l’alteritat o la transcendència en les nostres comunitats. En una segona part, l’article esdevé un estudi del cas exemplar: presentem una anàlisi del mètode de treball de La Conquesta del Pol Sud, concretament de la seva trilogia Nadia/Claudia/Raphaëlle, feta des de la discussió conceptual prèvia. Després d’analitzar els seus muntatges i de mantenir-hi diverses entrevistes, la proposta que presentem es desplega en tres plecs: com percebem el temps, com narrem l’experiència i com fem servir el llenguatge. Considerem que les indústries discursives, i dins d’aquestes el periodisme, com a disciplina simbòlica que vehicula relats amb narracions, s’han de preguntar per la idea de temps que imposen i quines implicacions té en els imaginaris que habiten les comunitats. Com podem desmuntar aquest temps, cada vegada més veloç? Com podem imaginar, amb una altra temporalitat, noves narracions?
Communities of practice for an ecology of the imagination: Thoreau’s Walden and the GAIA journey
Authors: Casado da Rocha Antonio , Vallejo Morales Nicolás
Published: February 2022

This article analyzes the “GAIA journey”, an initiative hosted by the Presencing Institute (PI) between March and June 2020, by discussing its precedents in terms of social art, and its potential for facilitating social change as a container in which a multitude of communities of practice can re-imagine the future.

GAIA (Global Activation of Intention and Action) emerged during and in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic and associated lockdown. It aimed to virtually bring together communities to bear witness to the current moment as a way of mobilizing social change. It included online and offline interaction, both local and global, but this article focuses only on the online-global aspect of the journey.

Our hypothesis is that GAIA is a contemporary instance of “social art” as initially conceptualized, among others, by Henry David Thoreau in the 19th century and Joseph Beuys in the 20th. Their seminal ideas have been put into use, developed in several cycles of iteration, and upscaled by Otto Scharmer and his colleagues at the MIT and the PI.

Methods include a review of the literature, textual analysis, participant observation (Antonio Casado da Rocha took part in the whole journey), and qualitative analysis of recordings from seven live sessions over the fourteen-week duration of GAIA, in which 13,000 people from 77 countries participated.
Fruit indicators and reproduction of hazelnut 'Academic Yablokov'
Authors: Mukhametova Svetlana Valer'evna , Pavlova Elena Nikolaevna , Nekhoroshkova Elena Veniaminovna
Published: February 2022

Hazelnuts have an important nutritional value. Breeders have bred a number of varieties capable of forming high yields in the conditions of the Central part of Russia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the fruit indicators and the reproduction potential of hazelnut variety 'Academic Yablokov' in the Mari El Republic. The advantage of this variety is large fruits and purple leaf color. The studies were conducted in 2020 and 2021 in the Botanical Garden-Institute of Volga State University of Technology (Yoshkar-Ola). The study showed that nuts have the mass of 2.0-2.4 g, the length and diameter of 2.4-2.6 and 1.4–1.6 cm, respectively. In the abnormally hot and dry conditions of 2021, the variety fruits were lighter and smaller compared to the excessively humid conditions of 2020. But the seed quality remained relatively high in both years of the study (82-84%). Sowing nuts using peat and sand as substrates revealed different soil germination of seeds in the experimental variants. The smallest number of seedlings was obtained in the peat variant (26%). The highest germination rate was established in the control variant (43%), but in the future the seedlings turned out to be in less favorable conditions for growth – by autumn they had the smallest height, diameter of the root neck, and number of lateral shoots. The seedlings in the variant with sand had the greatest height and length of the root system.
The problem of engaging the women of Kabardino-Balkaria inti industrial manufacturing in the 1920s – 1930s
Authors: Soblirova Zareta Khasanbievna , Kumakhova Zairat Khasanbievna , Tamazov Muslim Sultanovich
Published: February 2022

The subject of this research is the examination of socioeconomic development of post-revolutionary Kabardino-Balkaria. The experience of engaging women in public space and industrial manufacturing draws particular interest. In the conditions of transition towards large-scale enterprise, women turns into an active participant of public life and social structure. Highlanders were engaged to industries that did not require high skills. Professional activity was accompanied by educational work, as well as organization of meetings and conferences. The article explores archival documents that are newly introduced into the scientific discourse, which reflect the transitional stage of inclusion of women in the Soviet sociopolitical space. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the participation of women of Kabardino-Balkaria in the industrial manufacturing over the period from 1920s to 1930s, ethnic peculiarities of overcoming the difficulties related to industrialization, and creation of conditions for its liberation. It is demonstrated that in the conditions of personnel shortage, the participation of female highlanders in the industrial manufacturing was not only of ideological and political importance, but also contributed to the formation of a new social and cultural infrastructure. The emergence of labor force, growth of urban population and engagement of women in manufacturing had progressive meaning and significantly changed the people’s mentality. Women became a full member of society, their rights were codified by law, and the plan for gender equality outlined by the Soviet state was on the path to implementation.
Slow oscillation–spindle coupling strength predicts real-life gross-motor learning in adolescents and adults
Authors: Hahn Michael A , Bothe Kathrin , Heib Dominik , Schabus Manuel , Helfrich Randolph F , Hoedlmoser Kerstin
Published: February 2022

Previously, we demonstrated that precise temporal coordination between slow oscillations (SOs) and sleep spindles indexes declarative memory network development (Hahn et al., 2020). However, it is unclear whether these findings in the declarative memory domain also apply in the motor memory domain. Here, we compared adolescents and adults learning juggling, a real-life gross-motor task. Juggling performance was impacted by sleep and time of day effects. Critically, we found that improved task proficiency after sleep lead to an attenuation of the learning curve, suggesting a dynamic juggling learning process. We employed individualized cross-frequency coupling analyses to reduce inter- and intragroup variability of oscillatory features. Advancing our previous findings, we identified a more precise SO–spindle coupling in adults compared to adolescents. Importantly, coupling precision over motor areas predicted overnight changes in task proficiency and learning curve, indicating that SO–spindle coupling relates to the dynamic motor learning process. Our results provide first evidence that regionally specific, precisely coupled sleep oscillations support gross-motor learning.
Paradoxical neuronal hyperexcitability in a mouse model of mitochondrial pyruvate import deficiency
Authors: De La Rossa Andres , Laporte Marine H , Astori Simone , Marissal Thomas , Montessuit Sylvie , Sheshadri Preethi , Ramos-Fernández Eva , Mendez Pablo , Khani Abbas , Quairiaux Charles , Taylor Eric B , Rutter Jared , Nunes José Manuel , Carleton Alan , Duchen Michael R , Sandi Carmen , Martinou Jean-Claude
Published: February 2022

Neuronal excitation imposes a high demand of ATP in neurons. Most of the ATP derives primarily from pyruvate-mediated oxidative phosphorylation, a process that relies on import of pyruvate into mitochondria occuring exclusively via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). To investigate whether deficient oxidative phosphorylation impacts neuron excitability, we generated a mouse strain carrying a conditional deletion of MPC1, an essential subunit of the MPC, specifically in adult glutamatergic neurons. We found that, despite decreased levels of oxidative phosphorylation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in these excitatory neurons, mice were normal at rest. Surprisingly, in response to mild inhibition of GABA mediated synaptic activity, they rapidly developed severe seizures and died, whereas under similar conditions the behavior of control mice remained unchanged. We report that neurons with a deficient MPC were intrinsically hyperexcitable as a consequence of impaired calcium homeostasis, which reduced M-type potassium channel activity. Provision of ketone bodies restored energy status, calcium homeostasis and M-channel activity and attenuated seizures in animals fed a ketogenic diet. Our results provide an explanation for the seizures that frequently accompany a large number of neuropathologies, including cerebral ischemia and diverse mitochondriopathies, in which neurons experience an energy deficit.
Mosaic cis-regulatory evolution drives transcriptional partitioning of HERVH endogenous retrovirus in the human embryo
Authors: Carter Thomas A , Singh Manvendra , Dumbović Gabrijela , Chobirko Jason D , Rinn John L , Feschotte Cédric
Published: February 2022

The human endogenous retrovirus type-H (HERVH) family is expressed in the preimplantation embryo. A subset of these elements are specifically transcribed in pluripotent stem cells where they appear to exert regulatory activities promoting self-renewal and pluripotency. How HERVH elements achieve such transcriptional specificity remains poorly understood. To uncover the sequence features underlying HERVH transcriptional activity, we performed a phyloregulatory analysis of the long terminal repeats (LTR7) of the HERVH family, which harbor its promoter, using a wealth of regulatory genomics data. We found that the family includes at least eight previously unrecognized subfamilies that have been active at different timepoints in primate evolution and display distinct expression patterns during human embryonic development. Notably, nearly all HERVH elements transcribed in ESCs belong to one of the youngest subfamilies we dubbed LTR7up. LTR7 sequence evolution was driven by a mixture of mutational processes, including point mutations, duplications, and multiple recombination events between subfamilies, that led to transcription factor binding motif modules characteristic of each subfamily. Using a reporter assay, we show that one such motif, a predicted SOX2/3 binding site unique to LTR7up, is essential for robust promoter activity in induced pluripotent stem cells. Together these findings illuminate the mechanisms by which HERVH diversified its expression pattern during evolution to colonize distinct cellular niches within the human embryo.
Lcapy: symbolic linear circuit analysis with Python
Authors: Hayes Michael
Published: February 2022

Lcapy is an open-source Python package for solving linear circuits symbolically. It uses a superposition of DC analysis, AC (phasor) analysis, transient (Laplace) analysis, and noise analysis. Expressions are evaluated using the computer algebra system SymPy. Lcapy can model circuits comprised of combinations of one-port and two-port networks or circuits specified using a netlist with a Spice-like notation. Lcapy can present the system of equations produced from nodal analysis, modified nodal analysis, loop analysis, and state-space analysis. Expressions can be formatted into many representations, parameterized, and transformed to other domains. Dimensional analysis is performed to reduce user errors and to present results with units. Both continuous and discrete signals are supported. Lcapy produces high-quality output. Textbook quality schematics in a number of different formats can be generated from netlists and customized for different conventions. Expressions can be formatted into LaTeX format for inclusion into a document or numerically evaluated and plotted. An overview of the features and capabilities of Lcapy is presented, along with implementation details and performance considerations.