bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Calculation of the Tooth Surface Contact Stress of Cylindrical Gear with Variable Hyperbolic Circular-Arc-Tooth-Trace
Authors: Wei Yongqiao , Guo Rui , Liu Yongping , Dong Changbin , Li Dawei , Wan Anran , Zhao Gang
Published: August 2020

In order to theoretically research the tooth surface maximum contact stress of a Cylindrical Gear with Variable Hyperbolic Circular-Arc-Tooth-Trace (VH-CATT), the computing formula of maximum contact stress of VH-CATT cylindrical gear is investigated according to Hertz formula in this paper. Insufficient contact fatigue strength will lead to pitting corrosion, plastic deformation of tooth surface and other damages. Therefore, the maximum contact stress of tooth surface must be carried out. The contact stress calculation formula is particularly considering the effect of normal force, total carrying length, synthetical curvature radius, and position angle. The present work establishes analytical solutions to research the effect of different parameters for the contact stress of VH-CATT cylindrical gear incorporating elastic deformation on the tooth surface, and which have shown that the different module, transmission ratio, pressure angle, tooth width, and the cutter head radius have a crucial effect on the contact stress and contact ellipse of VH-CATT cylindrical gear along the tooth width direction. Moreover, a finite element analysis is carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretical computing formula of contact stress of VH-CATT cylindrical gear. By contrast with the theoretical calculated value and the stress value of finite element analysis, its error is very small. It is indicated that the derived formula of contact fatigue strength of VH-CATT cylindrical gear has high accuracy and can accurately reflect the real contact stress value of tooth surface, which is beneficial for research on tooth break reduction, pitting, wear resistance and fatigue life improvement of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear. The study results also have a certain reference value for the design and check calculation of the VH-CATT cylindrical gear.
A Heuristic Simulation–Optimization Approach to Information Sharing in Supply Chains
Authors: Park KyoungJong
Published: August 2020

The sustainability of the supply chain is possible only if the profitability of all the tiers participating in that supply chain is guaranteed. The profitability of each of these tiers is ensured if information sharing as well as an effective and seamless coordination system are realized between the tiers. This process reduces the influence of an important risk factor known as the bullwhip effect. The purpose of the current study is to determine the necessary information sharing level to optimize the supply chain that has asymmetric flows of input and output values and to examine the effects of information sharing on the order fill rate (OFR) and total inventory cost (TIC) of the supply chain through analysis of variance (ANOVA) testing. In this work, the supply chain was optimized by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique, with an objective function that assumes the maximization of OFR and minimization of TIC. The proposed method showed excellent results in comparing the mean, variance, and coefficient of variation. In addition, the method used the ANOVA test with a 5% significance level to verify the impact of the information sharing level.
An Automated Model Reduction Method for Biochemical Reaction Networks
Authors: Gasparyan Manvel , Van Messem Arnout , Rao Shodhan
Published: August 2020

We propose a new approach to the model reduction of biochemical reaction networks governed by various types of enzyme kinetics rate laws with non-autocatalytic reactions, each of which can be reversible or irreversible. This method extends the approach for model reduction previously proposed by Rao et al. which proceeds by the step-wise reduction in the number of complexes by Kron reduction of the weighted Laplacian corresponding to the complex graph of the network. The main idea in the current manuscript is based on rewriting the mathematical model of a reaction network as a model of a network consisting of linkage classes that contain more than one reaction. It is done by joining certain distinct linkage classes into a single linkage class by using the conservation laws of the network. We show that this adjustment improves the extent of applicability of the method proposed by Rao et al. We automate the entire reduction procedure using Matlab. We test our automated model reduction to two real-life reaction networks, namely, a model of neural stem cell regulation and a model of hedgehog signaling pathway. We apply our reduction approach to meaningfully reduce the number of complexes in the complex graph corresponding to these networks. When the number of species’ concentrations in the model of neural stem cell regulation is reduced by 33.33%, the difference between the dynamics of the original model and the reduced model, quantified by an error integral, is only 4.85%. Likewise, when the number of species’ concentrations is reduced by 33.33% in the model of hedgehog signaling pathway, the difference between the dynamics of the original model and the reduced model is only 6.59%.
Dynamical Symmetries of the H Atom, One of the Most Important Tools of Modern Physics: SO(4) to SO(4,2), Background, Theory, and Use in Calculating Radiative Shifts
Authors: Maclay G. Jordan
Published: August 2020

Understanding the hydrogen atom has been at the heart of modern physics. Exploring the symmetry of the most fundamental two body system has led to advances in atomic physics, quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and elementary particle physics. In this pedagogic review, we present an integrated treatment of the symmetries of the Schrodinger hydrogen atom, including the classical atom, the SO(4) degeneracy group, the non-invariance group or spectrum generating group SO(4,1), and the expanded group SO(4,2). After giving a brief history of these discoveries, most of which took place from 1935–1975, we focus on the physics of the hydrogen atom, providing a background discussion of the symmetries, providing explicit expressions for all of the manifestly Hermitian generators in terms of position and momenta operators in a Cartesian space, explaining the action of the generators on the basis states, and giving a unified treatment of the bound and continuum states in terms of eigenfunctions that have the same quantum numbers as the ordinary bound states. We present some new results from SO(4,2) group theory that are useful in a practical application, the computation of the first order Lamb shift in the hydrogen atom. By using SO(4,2) methods, we are able to obtain a generating function for the radiative shift for all levels. Students, non-experts, and the new generation of scientists may find the clearer, integrated presentation of the symmetries of the hydrogen atom helpful and illuminating. Experts will find new perspectives, even some surprises.
The Entropic Dynamics of Quantum Scalar Fields Coupled to Gravity
Authors: Ipek Selman , Caticha Ariel
Published: August 2020

Entropic dynamics (ED) are a general framework for constructing indeterministic dynamical models based on entropic methods. ED have been used to derive or reconstruct both non-relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory in curved space-time. Here we propose a model for a quantum scalar field propagating in dynamical space-time. The approach rests on a few key ingredients: (1) Rather than modelling the dynamics of the fields, ED models the dynamics of their probabilities. (2) In accordance with the standard entropic methods of inference, the dynamics are dictated by information encoded in constraints. (3) The choice of the physically relevant constraints is dictated by principles of symmetry and invariance. The first of such principle imposes the preservation of a symplectic structure which leads to a Hamiltonian formalism with its attendant Poisson brackets and action principle. The second symmetry principle is foliation invariance, which, following earlier work by Hojman, Kuchař, and Teitelboim, is implemented as a requirement of path independence. The result is a hybrid ED model that approaches quantum field theory in one limit and classical general relativity in another, but is not fully described by either. A particularly significant prediction of this ED model is that the coupling of quantum fields to gravity implies violations of the quantum superposition principle.
Bivariate Power-Skew-Elliptical Distribution
Authors: Martínez-Flórez Guillermo , Tovar-Falón Roger , Gómez Héctor W.
Published: August 2020

In this article, we introduce a power-skew-elliptical (PSE) distribution in the bivariate setting. The new bivariate model arises in the context of conditionally specified distributions. The proposed bivariate model is an absolutely continuous distribution whose marginals are univariate PSE distributions. The special case of the bivariate power-skew-normal (BPSN) distribution is studied in details. General properties of the BPSN distribution are derived and the estimation of the unknown parameters by maximum pseudo-likelihood is discussed. Further, a sandwich type matrix, which is a consistent estimator for the asymptotic covariance matrix of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is determined. Two applications for real data of the proposed bivariate distribution is provided for illustrative purposes.
Fuzzy TOPSIS-EW Method with Multi-Granularity Linguistic Assessment Information for Emergency Logistics Performance Evaluation
Authors: Liu Yanwu , Li Liang , Tu Yan , Mei Yanlan
Published: August 2020

The operation of emergency logistics plays a prominent role in reducing the consequences of disasters. Based on the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system with the whole period of the disaster cycle that covers emergency preparation, response, and recovery, this paper proposes a fuzzy-symmetrical Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution-Entropy Weight (TOPSIS-EW) method with multi-granularity linguistic assessment (MGLA) information to evaluate the performance of emergency logistics. Furthermore, the proposed evaluation method is employed to evaluate the performance of emergency logistics in Wenchuan earthquake, five worst-hit regions (i.e., Wenchuan County, Beichuan County, Qingchuan County, Mianzhu City, Shifang City) were ranked as V, III, I, II, IV, respectively. Finally, the effectiveness and reliability of the method are verified by comparison with the other two related methods and a sensitivity analysis. Based on the comprehensive evaluation results, some specific managerial suggestions are proposed to improve the emergency logistics capacity.
Construction of Analytic Solution to Axisymmetric Flow and Heat Transfer on a Moving Cylinder
Authors: Marinca Vasile , Herisanu Nicolae
Published: August 2020

Based on a new kind of analytical approach, namely the Optimal Auxiliary Functions Method (OAFM), a new analytical procedure is proposed to solve the problem of the annular axisymmetric stagnation flow and heat transfer on a moving cylinder with finite radius. As a novelty, explicit analytical solutions were obtained for the considered complex problem. First, the Navier–Stokes equations were simplified by means of similarity transformations that depended on different parameters and some combinations of these parameters, and the problem under study was reduced to six nonlinear ordinary differential equations with six unknowns. The OAFM proves to be a powerful tool for finding an accurate analytical solution for nonlinear problems, ensuring a fast convergence after the first iteration, even if the small or large parameters are absent, since the determination of the convergence-control parameters is independent of the magnitude of the coefficients that appear in the nonlinear differential equations. Concerning the main novelties of the proposed approach, it is worth mentioning the presence of some auxiliary functions, the involvement of the convergence-control parameters, the construction of the first iteration and much freedom to select the procedure for determining the optimal values of the convergence-control parameters.
Experiential Marketing of an Underground Tourist Attraction
Authors: Garrod Brian , Dowell David
Published: August 2020

The theory of the ‘experience economy’ contends that consumers no longer achieve satisfaction from consuming products but from the experiences they receive while doing so. Producers should therefore actively manage the four experience ‘realms’ of their product offerings—entertainment, education, aesthetics and escapism—to provide optimal experiences for their customers. In the case of tourist attractions, however, there is insufficient direct empirical evidence to substantiate this recommendation. This study therefore sets out to test the notion of the experience economy in the context of a tourist attraction—in this case, an underground visitor experience in Wales, UK—using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Alternative models are estimated based on three different mediating variables—arousal, memory and satisfaction—with revisit intention as the dependent variable. The analysis finds that none of the four experience realms are significant predictors of revisit intention in all three of the models, even though all three mediating variables are significant predictors of revisit intention. The results therefore suggest that optimal customer experiences do not necessarily need to be built equally upon all four experiences realms. Rather, a customised approach is required to optimise the customer experience for specific products consumed in particular contexts.
A Role of Newly Found Auxiliary Site in Phospholipase A1 from Thai Banded Tiger Wasp (Vespa affinis) in Its Enzymatic Enhancement: In Silico Homology Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Insights
Authors: Teajaroen Withan , Phimwapi Suphaporn , Daduang Jureerut , Klaynongsruang Sompong , Tipmanee Varomyalin , Daduang Sakda
Published: August 2020

Phospholipase A1 from Thai banded tiger wasp (Vespa affinis) venom also known as Ves a 1 plays an essential role in fatal vespid allergy. Ves a 1 becomes an important therapeutic target for toxin remedy. However, established Ves a 1 structure or a mechanism of Ves a 1 function were not well documented. This circumstance has prevented efficient design of a potential phospholipase A1 inhibitor. In our study, we successfully recruited homology modeling and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation to model Ves a 1 three-dimensional structure. The Ves a 1 structure along with dynamic behaviors were visualized and explained. In addition, we performed molecular docking of Ves a 1 with 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (DMPC) lipid to assess a possible lipid binding site. Interestingly, molecular docking predicted another lipid binding region apart from its corresponding catalytic site, suggesting an auxiliary role of the alternative site at the Ves a 1 surface. The new molecular mechanism related to the surface lipid binding site (auxiliary site) provided better understanding of how phospholipase A1 structure facilitates its enzymatic function. This auxiliary site, conserved among Hymenoptera species as well as some mammalian lipases, could be a guide for interaction-based design of a novel phospholipase A1 inhibitor.
Paradigms and Scenarios for the Dark Matter Phenomenon
Authors: Salucci Paolo , Turini Nicola , di Paolo Chiara
Published: August 2020

Well known scaling laws among the structural properties of the dark and the luminous matter in disc systems are too complex to be arisen by two inert components that just share the same gravitational field. This brings us to critically focus on the 30-year-old paradigm, that, resting on a priori knowledge of the nature of Dark Matter (DM), has led us to a restricted number of scenarios, especially favouring the collisionless Λ Cold Dark Matter one. Motivated by such observational evidence, we propose to resolve the dark matter mystery by following a new Paradigm: the nature of DM must be guessed/derived by deeply analyzing the properties of the dark and luminous mass distribution at galactic scales. The immediate application of this paradigm leads us to propose the existence of a direct interaction between Dark and Standard Model particles, which has finely shaped the inner regions of galaxies.
Efficient Non-Epigenetic Activation of HIV Latency through the T-Cell Receptor Signalosome
Authors: Hokello Joseph , Sharma Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar , Tyagi Mudit
Published: August 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) can either undergo a lytic pathway to cause productive systemic infections or enter a latent state in which the integrated provirus remains transcriptionally silent for decades. The ability to latently infect T-cells enables HIV-1 to establish persistent infections in resting memory CD4+ T-lymphocytes which become reactivated following the disruption or cessation of intensive drug therapy. The maintenance of viral latency occurs through epigenetic and non-epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic mechanisms of HIV latency regulation involve the deacetylation and methylation of histone proteins within nucleosome 1 (nuc-1) at the viral long terminal repeats (LTR) such that the inhibition of histone deacetyltransferase and histone lysine methyltransferase activities, respectively, reactivates HIV from latency. Non-epigenetic mechanisms involve the nuclear restriction of critical cellular transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) or nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) which activate transcription from the viral LTR, limiting the nuclear levels of the viral transcription transactivator protein Tat and its cellular co-factor positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), which together regulate HIV transcriptional elongation. In this article, we review how T-cell receptor (TCR) activation efficiently induces NF-κB, NFAT, and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors through multiple signal pathways and how these factors efficiently regulate HIV LTR transcription through the non-epigenetic mechanism. We further discuss how elongation factor P-TEFb, induced through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent mechanism, regulates HIV transcriptional elongation before new Tat is synthesized and the role of AP-1 in the modulation of HIV transcriptional elongation through functional synergy with NF-κB. Furthermore, we discuss how TCR signaling induces critical post-translational modifications of the cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) subunit of P-TEFb which enhances interactions between P-TEFb and the viral Tat protein and the resultant enhancement of HIV transcriptional elongation.
Influenza A Virus: Host–Virus Relationships
Authors: Lal Sunil K.
Published: August 2020

We are in the midst of a pandemic where the infective agent has been identified, but how it causes mild disease in some and fatally severe disease in other infected individuals remains a mystery [...]
The Outcome of Porcine Foetal Infection with Bungowannah Virus Is Dependent on the Stage of Gestation at Which Infection Occurs. Part 2: Clinical Signs and Gross Pathology
Authors: Finlaison Deborah S. , Kirkland Peter D.
Published: August 2020

Bungowannah virus is a novel pestivirus identified from a disease outbreak in a piggery in Australia in June 2003. The aim of this study was to determine whether infection of pregnant pigs with Bungowannah virus induces the clinical signs and gross pathology observed during the initial outbreak and how this correlates with the time of infection. Twenty-four pregnant pigs were infected at one of four stages of gestation (approximately 35, 55, 75 or 90 days). The number of progeny born alive, stillborn or mummified, and signs of disease were recorded. Some surviving piglets were euthanased at weaning and others at ages up to 11 months. All piglets were subjected to a detailed necropsy. The greatest effects were observed following infection at 35 or 90 days of gestation. Infection at 35 days resulted in a significant reduction in the number of pigs born alive and an increased number of mummified foetuses (18%) and preweaning mortalities (70%). Preweaning losses were higher following infection at 90 days of gestation (29%) and were associated with sudden death and cardiorespiratory signs. Stunting occurred in chronically and persistently infected animals. This study reproduced the clinical signs and gross pathology of the porcine myocarditis syndrome and characterised the association between the time of infection and the clinical outcome.
Evaluation of Unconventional Supplements to the Diet of Intensively Reared Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) in Trinidad, West Indies
Authors: John Eden Natalia , Jones Kegan Romelle
Published: August 2020

A feed trial was carried out to evaluate potential unconventional feed resources such as Trichanthera gigantica and moruga hill rice (Oryza glaberrima) as a partial supplementation to the diet of adult male agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina). Supplemental feeding of the agouti will decrease feeding cost to produce this animal and aid in sustainable agricultural practices. Male agoutis were used as this physiological state was the easiest to attain as well as male animals are generally used for meat production. The trial consisted of 16 male agoutis that were allocated into four dietary treatments using a completely randomized experimental design. Four diet treatments were used in the experiment; treatment 1 (T1) was the positive control which consisted of rabbit ration whilst treatment 2 (T2) to 4 (T4) had different ratios of O. glaberrima, Trichanthera gigantica and Rabbit Ration. The feeding trial had 8-week duration. T2 consisted of 5% T. gigantica, 35% O. glaberrima supplemented for rabbit ration. T3 had 10% T. gigantica and 40% O. glaberrima supplemented for rabbit ration. T4 consisted of 15% Trichanthera and 45% O. glaberrima supplemented for rabbit ration in the diet. Proximate analysis showed that Dry Matter (DM) and Ash was highest in T4 and lowest in T2. Whilst ether extract (EE) and crude protein (CP) were highest in T2 and lowest in T4. Crude fiber (CF) was highest in T3 and lowest in T2. The weights of the agoutis at the start of the experiment (2595 g–2971 g) were not significantly different to their final weight (2469–2762 g) (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference seen between treatments groups and weeks of the experiment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the interactions between treatment and weeks (p > 0.05). T1 and T2 were not significantly different (p > 0.05) with respect to average daily gain (−0.98 g/d, −1.61 g/d) and weight loss (55 g, 90 g). T2 can be used as an alternative feed source than rabbit ration (control diet) for adult male agoutis. As the final body mass of the male agoutis did not change with the inclusion of 40% Trichanthera and Moruga hill rice, this substitution can be used to maintain male agoutis before slaughter. However, higher amounts of supplements may be detrimental to this animal.
A Preliminary Study of the Cross-Reactivity of Canine MAGE-A with Hominid Monoclonal Antibody 6C1 in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors: An Attractive Target for Cancer Diagnostic, Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Development in Dogs
Authors: Srisawat Wanwisa , Nambooppha Boondarika , Pringproa Kidsadagon , Thongtharb Atigan , Prachasilchai Worapat , Sthitmatee Nattawooti
Published: August 2020

Melanoma-associated antigen-A (MAGE-A), a family of cancer/testis antigens, has been recognized as a potential target molecule for cancer immunotherapy. However, there has been very little information available with regard to this antigen in dogs. This study aimed to investigate the expression of MAGE-A in canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting with human monoclonal MAGE-A antibody 6C1. The present study has provided evidence of cross-reactivity of the canine MAGE-A expression with the human MAGE-A antibody in CMTs. The MAGE-A antigens were expressed in moderate- and high-grade malignant CMTs (22.22%, 2/9), but no expression was observed in benign CMTs. The immunohistochemical staining of canine MAGE antigen in CMT cells showed nuclear and nuclear–cytoplasmic expression patterns that may be involved with the mitotic cell division of tumor cells. Molecular weights of the canine MAGE-A antigen presented in this study were approximately 42–62 kDa, which were close to those of other previous studies involving humans and dogs. The findings on this protein in CMTs could supply valuable oncological knowledge for the development of novel diagnostic, prognostic and immunotherapeutic tumor markers in veterinary medicine.
Sediment Transport near Ship Shoal for Coastal Restoration in the Louisiana Shelf: A Model Estimate of the Year 2017–2018
Authors: Liu Haoran , Xu Kehui , Ou Yanda , Bales Robert , Zang Zhengchen , Xue Z. George
Published: August 2020

Ship Shoal has been a high-priority target sand resource for dredging activities to restore the eroding barrier islands in LA, USA. The Caminada and Raccoon Island pits were dredged on and near Ship Shoal, which resulted in a mixed texture environment with the redistribution of cohesive mud and noncohesive sand. However, there is very limited knowledge about the source and transport process of suspended muddy sediments near Ship Shoal. The objective of this study is to apply the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) model to quantify the sediment sources and relative contribution of fluvial sediments with the estuary and shelf sediments delivered to Ship Shoal. The model results showed that suspended mud from the Atchafalaya River can transport and bypass Ship Shoal. Only a minimal amount of suspended mud from the Atchafalaya River can be delivered to Ship Shoal in a one-year time scale. Additionally, suspended mud from the inner shelf could be transported cross Ship Shoal and generate a thin mud layer, which is also considered as the primary sediment source infilling the dredge pits near Ship Shoal. Two hurricanes and one tropical storm during the year 2017–2018 changed the direction of the sediment transport flux near Ship Shoal and contributed to the pit infilling (less than 10% for this specific period). Our model also captured that the bottom sediment concentration in the Raccoon Island pit was relatively higher than the one in Caminada in the same period. Suspended mud sediment from the river, inner shelf, and bay can bypass or transport and deposit in the Caminada pit and Raccoon Island pit, which showed that the Caminada pit and Raccoon Island pits would not be considered as a renewable borrow area for future sand dredging activities for coastal restoration.
Preferential Use of the Perchlorate over the Nitrate in the Respiratory Processes Mediated by the Bacterium Azospira sp. OGA 24
Authors: Guarino Francesco , Motta Oriana , Turano Mimmo , Proto Antonio , Vigliotta Giovanni
Published: August 2020

Here we report the results obtained for a strain isolated from a polluted site and classified as Azospira sp. OGA 24. The capability of OGA 24 to utilize perchlorate and nitrate and the regulation of pathways were investigated by growth kinetic studies and analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the genes of perchlorate reductase alpha subunit (pcrA), chlorite dismutase (cld), and periplasmic nitrate reductase large subunit (napA). In aerobic conditions and in a minimal medium containing 10 mM acetate as carbon source, 5.6 ± 0.34 mmol L−1 perchlorate or 9.7 ± 0.22 mmol L−1 nitrate were efficiently reduced during the growth with 10 mM of either perchlorate or nitrate. In anaerobiosis, napA was completely inhibited in the presence of perchlorate as the only electron acceptor, pcrA was barely detectable in nitrate-reducing conditions. The cell growth kinetics were in accordance with expression data, indicating a separation of nitrate and perchlorate respiration pathways. In the presence of both compounds, anaerobic nitrate consumption was reduced to 50% (4.9 ± 0.4 vs. 9.8 ± 0.15 mmol L−1 without perchlorate), while that of perchlorate was not affected (7.2 ± 0.5 vs. 6.9 ± 0.6 mmol L−1 without nitrate). Expression analysis confirmed the negative effect of perchlorate on nitrate respiration. Based on sequence analysis of the considered genes and 16S ribosomal gene (rDNA), the taxonomic position of Azospira sp. OGA 24 in the perchlorate respiring bacteria (PRB) group was further defined by classifying it in the oryzae species. The respiratory characteristics of OGA 24 strain make it very attractive in terms of potential applications in the bioremediation of environments exposed to perchlorate salts.
Seven Good Reasons for Integrating Terrestrial and Marine Spatial Datasets in Changing Environments
Authors: Prampolini Mariacristina , Savini Alessandra , Foglini Federica , Soldati Mauro
Published: August 2020

A comprehensive understanding of environmental changes taking place in coastal regions relies on accurate integration of both terrestrial and submerged geo-environmental datasets. However, this practice is hardly implemented because of the high (or even prohibitive) survey costs required for submerged areas and the frequent low accessibility of shallow areas. In addition, geoscientists are used to working on land or at sea independently, making the integration even more challenging. Undoubtedly new methods and techniques of offshore investigation adopted over the last 50 years and the latest advances in computer vision have played a crucial role in allowing a seamless combination of terrestrial and marine data. Although efforts towards an innovative integration of geo-environmental data from above to underwater are still in their infancy, we have identified seven topics for which this integration could be of tremendous benefit for environmental research: (1) geomorphological mapping; (2) Late-Quaternary changes of coastal landscapes; (3) geoarchaeology; (4) geoheritage and geodiversity; (5) geohazards; (6) marine and landscape ecology; and (7) coastal planning and management. Our review indicates that the realization of seamless DTMs appears to be the basic condition to operate a comprehensive integration of marine and terrestrial data sets, so far exhaustively achieved in very few case studies. Technology and interdisciplinarity will be therefore critical for the development of a holistic approach to understand our changing environments and design appropriate management measures accordingly.
Groundcovers in Olive Groves in Semiarid Climates: Are They Always Beneficial?
Authors: Sastre Blanca , Álvarez Belén , Antón Omar , Pérez Maria Ángeles , Marques Maria Jose , Bienes Ramón , García-Díaz Andrés
Published: August 2020

Olive groves on the Mediterranean Basin are usually managed by continuous tillage and low organic matter inputs, leading to several soil degradation processes. Groundcovers (GCs) have come out as an alternative soil management strategy to improve soil’s fertility, soil’s organic matter quantity, and the sustainability of agro-ecosystems. Nevertheless, farmers are still unwilling to implement GCs or reduce tilling frequency while there are still some uncertainties and lack of global analyses. The purpose of this study was to perform an assessment of the effects of using GC on the soil parameters microbiological biomass, crop yield, and olive oil quality. A field trial was performed on a gypsiferous soil in central Spain with three different GCs: permanent GC of Brachypodium distachyon (BRA); permanent GC of spontaneous vegetation (SVE), and annual GC of Vicia ervilia (BIT) to be compared with conventional tillage (TIL). After three years, numbers of nematodes, fungi, and bacteria were higher on plant roots regardless of GC composition. BRA was the treatment with the biggest impact on soil and yield parameters. BRA increased soil organic carbon 1.03 Mg ha−1 yr−1 at 0–10 cm depth but reduced significantly olive yield because of nitrogen competition. The BIT treatment improved soil organic carbon stocks and soil structure, and did not reduce olive yield significantly regarding TIL. The BIT treatment was considered the best soil management strategy in semiarid conditions.
Normal and Tangential Drag Forces of Nylon Nets, Clean and with Fouling, in Fish Farming. An Experimental Study
Authors: Niño Yarko , Vidal Kevin , Tamburrino Aldo , Zamorano Luis , Beltrán Juan Felipe , Estay Gustavo , Muñoz Aldo
Published: August 2020

Experiments in a laboratory tank have provided measurements of the normal and tangential drag forces exerted on flat nets for different flow conditions. From those forces, normal and tangential drag coefficients of the nets have been obtained as functions of the Reynolds number and the solidity index. The experiments used two types of nets employed in the operation of a cultivation center: the fish net and the sea lion net, for the clean situation and for real operating conditions, with fouling adhered to the nets. Polyethylene ropes were used to characterize the presence of fouling in the nets. The experiments were carried out to determine equations for the normal and tangential drag coefficients. For the normal drag coefficient, the equations are linear with the Reynolds number, and the coefficients of the equations are linear with the solidity index. The equations are not so accurate for the tangential drag coefficient. The Reynolds number is not a relevant parameter for this coefficient and neither is the solidity index for the fish net, but the coefficient grows slightly with it for single and double sea lion nets with fouling. The literature review on the drag forces of nets reports that the tangential drag force is around 30% of the normal drag force. This value is approximately an average value of the ratio for the sea lion net and is higher for the clean fish net in this article.
Effective Adsorption of Reactive Black 5 onto Hybrid Hexadecylamine Impregnated Chitosan-Powdered Activated Carbon Beads
Authors: Vakili Mohammadtaghi , Zwain Haider M. , Mojiri Amin , Wang Wei , Gholami Fatemeh , Gholami Zahra , Giwa Abdulmoseen S. , Wang Baozhen , Cagnetta Giovanni , Salamatinia Babak
Published: August 2020

In this study, hexadecylamine (HDA) impregnated chitosan-powder activated carbon (Ct-PAC) composite beads were successfully prepared and applied to adsorption of the anionic dye reactive black 5 (RB5) in aqueous solution. The Ct-PAC-HDA beads synthesized with 0.2 g powdered activated carbon (PAC) and 0.04 g HDA showed the highest dye removal efficiency. The prepared beads were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Various adsorption parameters, i.e., adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time, which affect the adsorption performance, were studied in a series of batch experiments. The obtained adsorption data were found to be better represented by Freundlich (R2 = 0.994) and pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.994) models. Moreover, it was ascertained that the adsorption of RB5 onto Ct-PAC-HDA beads is pH-dependent, and the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity (666.97 mg/g) was observed at pH 4. It was also proved that Ct-PAC-HDA beads were regenerable for repeated use in the adsorption process.
Climate Change Impacts on Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in a Watershed
Authors: Chen Ching-Nuo , Tfwala Samkele S. , Tsai Chih-Heng
Published: August 2020

This study analyzed the influence of climate change on sediment yield variation, sediment transport and erosion deposition distribution at the watershed scale. The study was based on Gaoping River basin, which is among the largest basins in southern Taiwan. To carry out this analysis, the Physiographic Soil Erosion Deposition (PSED) model was utilized. Model results showed a general increase in soil erosion and deposition volume under the A1B-S climate change scenario. The situation is even worsened with increasing return periods. Total erosion volume and total sediment yield in the watershed were increased by 4–25% and 8–65%, respectively, and deposition volumes increased by 2–23%. The study showed how climate change variability would influence the watershed through increased sediment yields, which might even worsen the impacts of natural disasters. It has further illustrated the importance of incorporating climate change into river management projects.
Educação em direitos humanos na educação básica
Authors: Tavares Celma
Published: August 2020

A educação em direitos humanos (EDH), área de conhecimento recente no Brasil, implica um processo de formação do sujeito de direitos. Nos anos 2000 esse campo avançou com instrumentos normativos e ações nas esferas governamental e não governamental. A sua inserção na educação básica tem ocorrido com atividades mais pontuais e raramente como uma política envolvendo toda a rede de ensino. Nesse processo, o olhar para a prática pedagógica, junto com as estratégias metodológicas e opções curriculares, é fundamental porque esta deve ser efetivada em consonância com os princípios dos direitos humanos. Assim, este trabalho objetiva discutir as perspectivas da prática pedagógica em direitos humanos baseado em estudos desenvolvidos no período 2012-2017 em escolas públicas em Pernambuco. A opção metodológica foi pela abordagem qualitativa, incluindo a pesquisa-ação, com análise de conteúdo para o exame do material coletado, e utilizando-se como referencial teórico os principais autores e autoras latino-americanos e brasileiros da área. De forma geral, os dados apontaram modelos de disciplinaridade e de transversalidade e que estes têm influenciado as práticas pedagógicas em direitos humanos. Neste sentido, os resultados assinalam a importância de seguir investindo no processo formativo e de produção do conhecimento para que a EDH contribua para a democratização dos espaços educativos e de toda a sociedade.
Genetic Variation Within and Among Lowland Switchgrass Cultivars as Revealed With AFLP Polymorphisms
Authors: Makaju Shiva , Wu Yanqi , Anderson Michael , Kakani Vijaya , Smith Michael , Todd James , Adhikari Laxman
Published: August 2020

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has gained wider attention due to its recognition and use as a model herbaceous crop species for bioenergy production. Genetic diversity information in lowland switchgrass cultivars can help to specify cultivars to be used in the breeding programs aiming for hybrid vigor. The objective of this research was to analyze genetic variation within and among five lowland switchgrass cultivars using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. AFLP polymorphisms indicated the presence of high genetic variation within lowland switchgrass cultivars with ‘Alamo’ exhibiting the highest genetic variation and ‘Performer’ the lowest. The Nei’s genetic diversity parameters revealed the lowest genetic distance between cultivars ‘Alamo’ and ‘Cimarron’ and the highest value between cultivars ‘Alamo’ and ‘Kanlow’. ‘Alamo’ and ‘Cimarron’ were clustered together while ‘BoMaster’, ‘Kanlow’, and ‘Performer’ were grouped into the other cluster. In addition, there were clusters with mixed genotypes. The findings of this study can be used to select diverse lines as parents for heterosis and inbreeding studies.
Otonom Sinir Sistemi Aktivitesinin Premenstrual Sendromla İlişkisi
Authors: ÖZGÖÇER Tuba , UÇAR Cihat , YILDIZ Sedat
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, premenstrual sendromlu bayanlarda menstrual siklusun menstrual ve premenstrual dönemlerinde kalp hızı değişkenliği ölçülerek, premenstrual stresin otonom sinir sistemi aktivitesi ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmaya premenstrual sendrom tanı ölçeği (ACOG) krtiterlerine göre premenstrual semptom yaşadığı belirlenen ve yaşları 18-30 arasındaki İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencileri ve asistanlarından oluşan gönüllü bayanlar (n=68) dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara menstrual döngünün menstrual (1-3 gün) ve premenstrual (24-27 gün) dönemlerde bir gün kalp hızı değişkenliği analizi için 5 dakikalık EKG çekimi yapılmış ve kan basıncı ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde normal dağılım testi uygulanmıştır. Normal dağılım varsayımı sağlayan verilerin tekrarlı ölçümlerinde Paired t testi, normal dağılım varsayımı sağlamayan verilerin analizinde ise Friedman testi kullanılarak iki dönem karşılaştırılmıştır. p<0.05 değerleri anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.Bulgular: Zaman bağımlı parametrelerden iki kalp atımı arasındaki süre ve QRS kompleksi aralıkları süresinin menstrual döneme göre premenstrual dönemde istatistiksel olarak daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Frekans bağımlı parametrelerden ise yüksek frekans (normalize) ve % yüksek frekans premenstrual dönemde istatistiksel olarak daha düşük iken, düşük frekans (normalize) ve düşük frekans/ yüksek frekansın logaritmasının premenstrual dönemde istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05).Sonuç: Sempatik aktiviteyi yansıtan kalp hızı değişkenliği parametreleri menstrual döngünün premenstrual döneminde yükselmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sempatik aktivitede görülen değişiklikler premenstrual semptomların oluşmasına etken olabilmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kalp hızı değişkenliği (KHD), otonom sinir sistemi aktivitesi, menstrual döngü, premenstrual semptom.
Kalp Hızı Değişkenliği, Müteakip Gece Uyku Parametreleri ve Kortizol Uyanma Yanıtı ile İlişkili Değildi
Authors: UÇAR Cihat , ÖZGÖÇER Tuba , YILDIZ Sedat
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Uyku bozukluğu ve uyku düzeninin değişmesi hipotalamus-hipofiz-adrenal aksı (HPA) ve otonom sinir sistemini (OSS) etkilediği bildirilmiştir. Ancak gün içerisindeki otonom sinir sistemi aktivitesinin gece uykusuna ve bir sonraki gün HPA aksına etkisi bilinmemektedir. Bu nedenle, mevcut çalışmanın amacı, OSS aktivitesinin belirteci olan kalp hızı değişkenliğinin (KHD), gece uyku parametreleri ve bir sonraki gün HPA aksının belirteci olan kortizol uyanma yanıtına (KUY) olan etkisini incelemekti.Materyal ve Metod: Bu çalışmada 48 sağlıklı Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinden KHD belirlemek için 5 dakikalık elektrokardiyografi (EKG) kaydı alındı. Takip eden gece normal uyku düzenlerinde uyumaları sağlandı. Uyku verilerini elde etmek için uyku ölçekleri dolduruldu (Karolinska uyku günlüğü ve ölçeği). KUY ölçümü için sabah uyandıktan 0, 15, 30 ve 60 dakika sonra tükürük örnekleri toplandı. Tükürük örneklerinde kortizol konsantrasyonu enzim immunoassay yöntemiyle belirlendi. Korelasyonlar Spearman Rho ile bakıldı. P < 0.05 değerleri anlamlı kabul.edildi.Bulgular: Katılımcıların çoğunda (%80) zaman bağımlı değişimlerin normal sınırlar içerisindeydi ve bu kişiler uyku bozukluğu yaşamamışlardı. Gün içerisinde elde edilen KHD’nin zaman ve frekans bağımlı parametrelerinin, takip eden gün içerisindeki uyku parametreleri (uyanma ve uyku süresi, uyku bozukluğu, uyanma problemleri) ve KUY (ortalama, eğri altında kalan alan) ile bir korelasyon bulunmadı (p>0.05).Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları gösteriyor ki; OSS aktivitesi üzerinde derin etkileri olmayan koşullar altında ne uyku parametrelerinin ne de ertesi sabah kortizol yanıtlarının KHD'den etkilenmediğini göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak, kaliteli bir gece uykusu hem önceki günlerin otonom baskılarının olası etkilerini hem de ertesi sabahın kortizol tepkilerini dengeleyebilir.
Kalp Kapakları Bize ne Diyor?
Authors: KOÇARSLAN Sezen , KOÇARSLAN Aydemir , KİRİŞÇİ Mehmet , EROĞLU Erdinç , ACİPAYAM Mehmet , YASIM Alptekin
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı dejeneratif kalp kapak hastalıkları nedeniyle eksize kalp kapakçıklarının histopatolojik değişikliklerini araştırmaktır.Materyal ve metotlar : Dejeneratif kalp kapağı hastalığı olan 40 hastadan eksize edilen 28 tane aort kapağı ile 20 tane mitral kapak retrospektif olarak araştırmaya dahil edildi. 8 hastadan hem aort hem mitral kapak eksize edilmiştir. Hastalara ait klinik diagnostik bilgiler hastane bilgi sisteminden elde edildi. Kalp kapakları standart histopatolojik metotlar kullanılarak parafine gömüldü ve her bloktan 3-4 μm kalınlığında kesitler alındı. Hematoksilen Eozin ile boyalı preparatlar Olympus BX51 mikroskopu ile histopatolojik değişiklikler açısından değerlendirildi. Her vakanın mevcut histopatolojik slaytları orijinal tanıyı doğrulamak ve çeşitli mikroskobik değişikliklerin değerlendirmesini sağlamak için bağımsız olarak gözden geçirildi.Bulgular: Hastaların 21(% 53)’ i erkek, 19(% 47)’ u kadındı. Hastaların yaş aralığı 20-88 idi. Ortalama yaş 59 olarak hesaplandı. Kadınların yaş ortalaması 60.7, erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 57.5 idi. Hastane bilgi sisteminden edinilen verilere göre hastaların 14 (% 35)’ünde hipertansiyon, 12 (% 30)’sinde hiperlipidemi, 9 (% 23)’unda diyabetes mellitus, 10 (% 25)’unda sigara öyküsü 6 (% 15)’sında koroner arter hastalığı mevcuttu. Fokal alanlarda normal histolojik yapının da seçilebildiği kapakların tamamında (% 100) değişen derecelerde fibrozis mevcuttu . 32 kapakta (% 67) kalsifikasyon mevcuttu . Altı kapakta (% 13) kemik ve kartilaj oluşumu birlikte izlendi . Kemik ve kartilaj oluşumu izlenen kapakların 4 (% 8)’ü aort, 2 (%4)’si mitral kapaktı. Tüm kemik oluşumu alanlarına kalsifikasyon da eşlik etmekteydi. Kemik metaplazisi görülme yaş ortalaması 60.8 idi. 27 kapakta (% 56) kronik inflamasyon, 11 kapakta (% 23) neoanjiogenezis ve bir kapakta (% 2) endokardite bağlı nekroz ve abse formasyonu izlendi Kronik inflamasyonun lenfositler ve plazma hücrelerinden oluştuğu görüldü. Sonuç: Kalp kapak dejenerasyonları kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri ile yakından ilişkilidir. Çok basamaklı moleküler yolaklar aracılığıyla gelişen aktif bir süreçtir. Kapak interstisyel hücreleri bu süreçteki başrol oyuncusudur.
Optimalisasi Hasil Belajar Sistem Pengisian Baterai Otomotif Menggunakan Mobel Disco Tek Coca Cola bagi Peserta Didik Kelas XI TKR 1 SMK Negeri 5 Kendal Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018
Authors: Waluyo Teguh
Published: August 2020

Masalah penelitian belum optimalnya hasil belajar, dengan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut 1) bagaimanakah proses pengoptimalan hasil belajar?, 2) seberapa besar pengoptimalan hasil belajar?,3) bagaimanakah prubahan perilaku peserta didik kelas XI TKR 1 SMKN 5 Kendal semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 setelah belajar Sistem Pengisian Baterai Otomotif menggunakan Mobel Disco Tek Coca Cola? Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah: 1) mendeskripsikan proses pengoptimalan hasil belajar, 2) mendeskripsikan besarnya pengoptimalan hasil belajar.3) mendeskripsikan perubahan perilaku peserta didik kelas XI TKR 1 SMKN 5 Kendal semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 setelah belajar Sistem Pengisian Baterai Otomotif menggunakan Mobel Disco Tek Coca Cola. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain PTK meliputi dua siklus dengan kegiatan: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Tiap siklus 2 pertemuan @ 6 jam pelajaran (6 x 45 menit). Berdasarkan tindakan yang dilakukan disimpulkan bahwa: 1) proses pengoptimalan dari kurang menarik dan kurang menyenangkan menjadi lebih menarik dan menyenangkan, 2) Besarnya pengoptimalan pengetahuan menjadi 86,96% dan keterampilan menjadi 91,30 % 3) penggunaan Mobel Disco Tek Coca Cola dapat merubah perilaku peserta didik kelas XI TKR 1 SMKN 5 Kendal semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 setelah belajar menjadi disiplin, mampu bekerja sama dan bertanggung jawab.Kata Kunci: Mobel Dsico Tek Coca Cola, Sitem Pengisian Baterai Otomotif