bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response Surface Methodology for Studying the Effects of Feed Moisture and Ingredient Variations on the Chemical Composition and Appearance of Extruded Sorghum-Groundnut-Cowpea Blends
Authors: Asare Emmanuel K. , Sefa-Dedeh Samuel , Afoakwa Emmanuel Ohene , Sakyi-Dawson Esther , Budu Agnes S
Published: December 2010

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of feed moisture and ingredient variations on the chemical composition and appearance of extruded sorghum-groundnut-cowpea blends using response surface methodology. Central composite rotatable design for k = 3 was used to study the combined effect of feed moisture (12 to 44 percent), groundnut concentration (zero to 10 percent) and cowpea level (zero to 20 percent) on the chemical composition and appearance of extruded ready-to-eat sorghum-legume blends in a single screw extruder. Product moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash (minerals), crude fibre, carbohydrate and colour (L, a and b-values) were determined on the products using standard analytical methods. The results showed that irrespective of the feed moisture level, the extrusion process could reduce the product moisture to levels between six to 10 percent and low enough to extend the shelf life of the derived products. Increasing additions of cowpea and groundnut resulted in significant increases in protein, fat and ash (minerals - calcium, iron, and phosphorus) contents of the sorghum-legume extrudates. Increasing addition of cowpea decreased the redness of the sorghum extrudates, while no changes were noted with groundnut additions. Contrary, increasing groundnut addition generally increased the yellowness at all cowpea concentrations, while only minimal changes were noted with cowpea additions. The lightness of the sorghum extrudates decreased with increasing cowpea and groundnut concentrations, and this was more pronounced at higher cowpea concentrations and with increasing groundnut levels. The level of feed moisture showed no effect. Models developed for the indices gave R2-values ranging from 67.04 percent (for a-value) to 87.83 percent (for fat content), with insignificant lack of fits indicating the adequacy of the model in explaining the data. The optimal conditions likely to produce ready-to-eat puffed snack with enhanced nutritive value and appearance from sorghum-groundnut-cowpea blend extrudates was at low feed moisture (10 to 14 percent), cowpea level (18 to 20 percent) and groundnut level (six to eight percent).
The Greek crisis: Causes and implications
Authors: Kouretas Georgios , Vlamis Prodromos
Published: December 2010

This paper presents and critically discusses the origins and causes of the
Greek fiscal crisis and its implications for the euro currency as well as
the SEE economies. In the aftermath of the 2007-2009 financial crisis the
enormous increase in sovereign debt has emerged as an important negative
outcome, since public debt was dramatically increased in an effort by the US
and the European governments to reduce the accumulated growth of private
debt in the years preceding the recent financial turmoil. Although Greece is
the country member of the eurozone that has been in the middle of this
ongoing debt crisis, since November 2009 when it was made clear that its
budget deficit and mainly its public debt were not sustainable, Greece?s
fiscal crisis is not directly linked to the 2007 US subprime mortgage loan
market crisis. As a result of this negative downturn the Greek government
happily accepted a rescue plan of 110 billion euros designed and financed by
the European Union and the IMF. A lengthy austerity programme and a fiscal
consolidation plan have been put forward and are to be implemented in the
next three years.
Asymmetric volatility spillovers between stock market and real activity: Evidence from the UK and the US
Authors: Giannellis Nikolaos , Kanas Angelos , Papadopoulos Athanasios
Published: December 2010

This paper examines the short-run dynamic relationships between stock market
and real activity, within a country, for the UK and the US. The Cross
Correlation Function testing procedure is applied to test for causality in
mean and in variance between the stock market and the real economic sector.
Besides variance causation, volatility spillover effects are examined through
the multivariate specification form of the Exponential GARCH model. There is
evidence of significant reciprocal volatility spillovers between the two
sectors within a country, implying stronger interdependencies in the UK
rather than in the US and asymmetric behavior only in the case of the UK.
English as a Problem Language
Authors: Moss Peter
Published: December 2010

At a time when English has emerged as the dominant language of academic communication, there is a disturbing silence about the risks and problems attendant on this development and a failure to ask critical questions about its consequences. Who gains and who loses? What is lost in translation? What are the consequences of one way linguistic traffic? I argue that the growing dominance of English has great potential to increase inequality, reduce diversity and enhance certain power relations, and ask what is to be done, offering some proposals as a contribution to a wider and urgently needed debate.
Building ‘Special Capital’ for Entrepreneurial Development: Special Populations as Human Capital in the Context of Global Development
Authors: Walker Gabriela
Published: December 2010

Ten to twelve percent of the world population is identified as having one or more types of disability. This ecodeme has been historically known to be discriminated, marginalized, and disempowered by the lack of access to resources and to education. This article discusses the importance of adding special capital to the global human capital in the context of today's demanding contexts. Nevertheless, people with disabilities have the potential to be entrepreneurs in different ways: firstly, as entrepreneurs of the self, and, secondly, as economic and social growth agents, and thus directly or indirectly contributing to various innovations and discoveries. The need for inclusive development, ecological education, ecoducation, entrepreneurship, and sustainable development calls for changes in the make-up and education of global biopower.
An Inclusive Re-Engagement with our Nonhuman Animal Kin: Considering Human Interrelationships with Nonhuman Animals
Authors: Bennison Rod
Published: December 2010

As humans increasingly acknowledge the effects that they are having on the planet, there is a realisation implicit in these effects that human interrelationships with nature are actually arbitrated and expedited exploitatively. Understanding how the different discourses and histories through which the interrelationships with nature are mediated and actually told and then retold is fundamental to appreciating how humans may relate with nature less exploitatively and in ways that are more inclusionary, particularly with nonhuman animals. Humans perceive nature and individual nonhuman animals in various ways. This paper provides an investigation of how humans have socially constructed nature and their place as either within or outside of it. Such constructions are elaborated conceptually and through narrative. More pertinently, this paper examines how nature and nonhuman animals are perceived and placed within those narratives that humans construct from reality. It is stressed here that such constructions have, and may continue, to lead to a worsening of the effects that humans have on the planet if there is no acceptance or recognition that certain realities exist beyond the exploitative bounds of any human-inspired concept or narrative. This paper therefore provides the groundwork for the foundations of an ethic that is both socially and ecologically inclusive and is based on a soft realist approach.
A Global Expression Switch Marks Pachytene Initiation during Mouse Male Meiosis
Authors: Fallahi Mohammad , Getun Irina V. , Wu Zhen K. , Bois Philippe R.J.
Published: December 2010

Male spermatogenesis is an essential and complex process necessary to gain totipotency and allow a whole new organism to develop upon fertilization. While single-gene based studies have provided insights into the mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis, detailed global profiling of all the key meiotic stages is required to fully define these processes. Here, by isolating highly enriched mouse meiotic cell populations, we have generated a comprehensive gene expression atlas of mammalian meiosis. Our data define unique signatures for the specific stages of meiosis, including global chromosome X inactivation and reactivation. The data also reveal profound switches in global gene expression at the initiation of pachynema that are reminiscent of the commitment to meiosis observed in budding yeast. Overall, this meiotic atlas provides an exhaustive blueprint and resource for mammalian gametogenesis and meiosis.
The Mouse Cohesin-Associated Protein PDS5B Is Expressed in Testicular Cells and Is Associated with the Meiotic Chromosome Axes
Authors: Fukuda Tomoyuki , Hoog Christer
Published: December 2010

During the first meiotic prophase, the cohesin complex is localized to the chromosome axis and contributes to chromosome organization, pairing, synapsis, and recombination. The PDS5 protein, an accessory factor of the cohesin complex, is known to be a component of meiotic chromosome cores in fungi and to be implicated in meiotic chromosome structure and function. We found by immunoblotting experiments that a mammalian PDS5 protein, PDS5B, is abundantly expressed in mouse testis compared to other tissues. Immunofluorescence labeling experiments revealed that PDS5B is highly expressed in spermatogonia and that most PDS5B is depleted from chromatin as cells enter meiosis. During the first meiotic prophase, PDS5B associates with the axial cores of chromosomes. The axial association of PDS5B was observed also in the absence of synaptonemal complex proteins, such as SYCP1 and SYCP3, suggesting that PDS5B is an integral part of the chromosome axis as defined by the cohesin complex. These results suggest that PDS5B modulates cohesin functions in spermatocytes as well as in spermatogonia, contributing to meiotic chromosome structure and function.
Pregnancy Loss and Maternal Methemoglobin Levels: An Indirect Explanation of the Association of Environmental Toxics and Their Adverse Effects on the Mother and the Fetus
Authors: Mohorovic Lucijan , Petrovic Oleg , Haller Herman , Micovic Vladimir
Published: December 2010

The aim of this epidemiologic study was to point out a relationship between the exposure to products of coal combustion, and complications in pregnancy where one third of causes of stillbirth are still unknown. In the town of Labin (Croatia) a coal-powered thermoelectric power plant is the single major air polluter. We compared the records of miscarriages, premature births and stillbirths in two periods: the control and the exposure period. Data on reproductive loss was based on the records of pregnant women visiting for regular monthly pregnancy checkups. At the time of the epidemiological prospective study, 260 women (n = 138 in the clean period and n = 122 in the dirty period) were considered representative. The data were processed using Chi square and correlation tests. The frequencies of miscarriages and stillbirths were significantly lower in the control than in the exposure period (p < 0.05). Methemoglobinemia and stillbirths recorded over the “exposure” period are significantly higher than in the “control” period (p = 0.0205). The level of methemoglobin in the bloodstream is an worthy biomarker, predictor and precursor of environmental toxics’ adverse effects on the mother and fetus, and can indirectly explain the unrecognized level of fetal methemoglobin. Methemoglobin and heme, having prooxidant properties, also cause the early and late endothelial dysfunction of vital organs. Despite our retrospective epidemiological study findings, we emphasize that the rate of reproductive loss represents a hypothetical risk, which needs to be confirmed with further fetal clinical and anatomopatholgical researches about the effects of methemoglobin catabolism products on the fetal CNS.
Molecular Interactions and Protein-Induced DNA Hairpin in the Transcriptional Control of Bacteriophage Ø29 DNA
Authors: Camacho Ana , Salas Margarita
Published: December 2010

Studies on the regulation of phage Ø29 gene expression revealed a new mechanism to accomplish simultaneous activation and repression of transcription leading to orderly gene expression. Two phage-encoded early proteins, p4 and p6, bind synergistically to DNA, modifying the topology of the sequences encompassing early promoters A2c and A2b and late promoter A3 in a hairpin that allows the switch from early to late transcription. Protein p6 is a nucleoid-like protein that binds DNA in a non-sequence specific manner. Protein p4 is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein with multifaceted sequence-readout properties. The protein recognizes the chemical signature of only one DNA base on the inverted repeat of its target sequence through a direct-readout mechanism. In addition, p4 specific binding depends on the recognition of three A-tracts by indirect-readout mechanisms. The biological importance of those three A-tracts resides in their individual properties rather than in the global curvature that they may induce.
Structure Analyses of Fe-based Metallic Glasses by Electron Diffraction
Authors: Hirata Akihiko , Hirotsu Yoshihiko
Published: December 2010

Nanoscale structural information of amorphous structures has become obtainable by using nanobeam electron diffraction in combination with high resolution imaging. In addition, accurate radial distribution function analysis using energy filter has also become available to know averaged amorphous structures. In this paper, we introduce some applications of these techniques, especially to several Fe-based metallic glasses. On the basis of these results, we discuss a relationship between the glass structure and the glass stability in Fe-based metallic glasses
Antibacterial Compounds from Marine Vibrionaceae Isolated on a Global Expedition
Authors: Wietz Matthias , Mansson Maria , Gotfredsen Charlotte H. , Larsen Thomas O. , Gram Lone
Published: December 2010

On a global research expedition, over 500 bacterial strains inhibitory towards pathogenic bacteria were isolated. Three hundred of the antibacterial strains were assigned to the Vibrionaceae family. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the phylogeny and bioactivity of five Vibrionaceae strains with pronounced antibacterial activity. These were identified as Vibrio coralliilyticus (two strains), V. neptunius (two strains), and Photobacterium halotolerans (one strain) on the basis of housekeeping gene sequences. The two related V. coralliilyticus and V. neptunius strains were isolated from distant oceanic regions. Chemotyping by LC-UV/MS underlined genetic relationships by showing highly similar metabolite profiles for each of the two V. coralliilyticus and V. neptunius strains, respectively, but a unique profile for P. halotolerans. Bioassay-guided fractionation identified two known antibiotics as being responsible for the antibacterial activity; andrimid (from V. coralliilyticus) and holomycin (from P. halotolerans). Despite the isolation of already known antibiotics, our findings show that marine Vibrionaceae are a resource of antibacterial compounds and may have potential for future natural product discovery.
Optimization Strategy for Resonant Mass Sensor Design in the Presence of Squeeze Film Damping
Authors: Li Chengzhang , Miller Michele H.
Published: December 2010

This paper investigates the design optimization of an electrostatically actuated microcantilever resonator that operates in air. The nonlinear effects of electrostatic actuation and air damping make the structural dynamics modeling more complex. There is a need for an efficient way to simulate the system behavior so that the design can be more readily optimized. This paper describes an efficient analytical approach for determining the optimum design for a microcantilever resonant mass sensor. One simple case is described. The sensor design is a square plate that is coated with a functional polymer and attached to the substrate with folded leg springs. The plate has a square hole in the middle to reduce the effect of squeeze film damping. With the analytical approach, the optimum hole size for maximum sensitivity is found.
Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products and Aging
Authors: Luevano-Contreras Claudia , Chapman-Novakofski Karen
Published: December 2010

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous, complex group of compounds that are formed when reducing sugar reacts in a non-enzymatic way with amino acids in proteins and other macromolecules. This occurs both exogenously (in food) and endogenously (in humans) with greater concentrations found in older adults. While higher AGEs occur in both healthy older adults and those with chronic diseases, research is progressing to both quantify AGEs in food and in people, and to identify mechanisms that would explain why some human tissues are damaged, and others are not. In the last twenty years, there has been increased evidence that AGEs could be implicated in the development of chronic degenerative diseases of aging, such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease and with complications of diabetes mellitus. Results of several studies in animal models and humans show that the restriction of dietary AGEs has positive effects on wound healing, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the effect of restriction in AGEs intake has been reported to increase the lifespan in animal models. This paper will summarize the work that has been published for both food AGEs and in vivo AGEs and their relation with aging, as well as provide suggestions for future research.
Pervasive Monitoring—An Intelligent Sensor Pod Approach for Standardised Measurement Infrastructures
Authors: Resch Bernd , Mittlboeck Manfred , Lippautz Michael
Published: December 2010

Geo-sensor networks have traditionally been built up in closed monolithic systems, thus limiting trans-domain usage of real-time measurements. This paper presents the technical infrastructure of a standardised embedded sensing device, which has been developed in the course of the Live Geography approach. The sensor pod implements data provision standards of the Sensor Web Enablement initiative, including an event-based alerting mechanism and location-aware Complex Event Processing functionality for detection of threshold transgression and quality assurance. The goal of this research is that the resultant highly flexible sensing architecture will bring sensor network applications one step further towards the realisation of the vision of a “digital skin for planet earth”. The developed infrastructure can potentially have far-reaching impacts on sensor-based monitoring systems through the deployment of ubiquitous and fine-grained sensor networks. This in turn allows for the straight-forward use of live sensor data in existing spatial decision support systems to enable better-informed decision-making.
Electrochemical behavior of dye-linked L-proline dehydrogenase on glassy carbon electrodes modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zheng Haitao , Lin Leyi , Okezaki Yosuke , Kawakami Ryushi , Sakuraba Haruhiko , Ohshima Toshihisa , Takagi Keiichi , Suye Shin-ichiro
Published: December 2010

A glassy carbon electrode (GC) was modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The modified electrode showed a pair of redox peaks that resulted from the oxygen-containing functional groups on the nanotube surface. A recombinant thermostable dye-linked L-proline dehydrogenase (L-proDH) from hyperthermophilic archaeon (Thermococcus profundus) was further immobilized by physical adsorption. The modified electrode (GC/MWCNTs/L-proDH) exhibited an electrocatalytic signal for L-proline compared to bare GC, GC/L-proDH and GC/MWCNTs electrodes, which suggested that the presence of MWCNTs efficiently enhances electron transfer between the active site of enzyme and electrode surface. The immobilized L-proDH showed a typical Michaelis–Menten catalytic response with lower apparent constant.
Marques corporelles et processus identitaires : un regard ethnopsychiatrique
Authors: Wexler-Czitrom Henny , Perez Avner , Hounkpatin Lucien
Published: December 2010

Résumé Ce texte propose un abord original de la clinique des marques corporelles en montrant en quoi de tels objets peuvent constituer de précieux outils thérapeutiques en ouvrant à une pensée complexe qui, convoquant la multiplicité des mondes, explore la thématique de la trace, du texte sacré, de l’inscription et de la transmission.
Palper la cicatrice
Authors: Schneider Monique
Published: December 2010

Résumé Une marque corporelle, une cicatrice au menton témoignant d’un accident d’enfance, fait l’objet d’allusions fractionnées dans le texte de Freud. Dans les rêves, la bouche risquant de perdre ses dents est attribuée à des personnages placés sous la responsabilité du rêveur, mais différents de lui : fils, patiente. Un passage textuel témoigne cependant d’une tentative d’appropriation de la cicatrice : la possibilité de la « palper ».
Se reconstruire par la peau. Marques corporelles et processus initiatique
Authors: Le Breton David
Published: December 2010

Résumé La peau est un seuil, à la fois instance d’ouverture ou de fermeture au monde selon la volonté de l’individu. Frontière symbolique entre le dehors et le dedans, l’extérieur et l’intérieur, l’autre et soi, la peau donne une limite mouvante de la relation de l’individu au monde. Quand on est justement mal dans sa peau, une solution est de changer de peau pour être mieux dans son existence, trouver un angle plus propice de sa relation au monde. L’usage des marques corporelles est ainsi une manière de changer la définition de soi.
À propos d'une marque corporelle précoce
Authors: Rappoport de Aisemberg Elsa
Published: December 2010

Résumé À partir d’un matériel clinique sur une marque corporelle précoce, l’auteur s’interroge sur la façon dont cette expérience potentiellement traumatique s’est inscrite dans le psychisme de la patiente. Dans son approche, elle nous propose un parcours sur la représentation du corps et sur le trauma précoce, en même temps qu’elle revient sur ses idées concernant les deux fonctionnements psychiques.
Une angoisse sans objet
Authors: Cabrera Sylvia
Published: December 2010

Résumé Partant du principe qu’avec chaque patient l’analyste doit trouver/créer le cadre et les modalités de travail susceptibles de permettre un processus de transformation, l’auteur présente une psychothérapie sur le divan. L’alliage des traumatismes anciens non élaborés avec une conjonction traumatique actuelle très angoissante sidérait le fonctionnement mental du patient. Le passage par un travail de réanimation psychique, étayé sur l’élaboration du contre-transfert, a été nécessaire pour favoriser la relance des processus de liaison primaire et la mise en place progressive d’un fonctionnement associatif élaboratif.
To Develop the Acceptably Modern. Slovenian Urban Landscape under Socialism, 1969–1982
Authors: Aplenc Veronica E.
Published: December 2010

The creation of an intrusive neighborhood development plan by state officials is not surprising for a socialist society. In the case of Trnovo, the state’s initial 1969 development plan met with tremendous opposition, but after some giveand-take among professionals over the next 10 years was implemented in slightly modified form. Official urban planners, professionally prominent individuals, and Trnovo locals each defined themselves – and their version of Trnovo – as modern, but in mutually incompatible ways. The urban landscape that emerged was a physically diverse one, with old farmhouses competing with an expanding socialist suburbia, and this reflected competing beliefs about Trnovo, Ljubljana, and modernity.
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Nasilni urbanistični načrti za stanovanjske soseske, ki so bili plod državnih uradnikov, za socialistično družbo niso nič presenetljivega. V primeru Trnovega je prvotni urbanistični načrt iz leta 1969, ki ga je izdelala državna uprava, trčil na silovit odpor. Po desetletju izmenjave mnenj in kompromisov med strokovnjaki je bila na podlagi rahlo spremenjenega načrta soseska končno dograjena leta 1982. Uradni urbanisti, posamični ugledni strokovnjaki in pa prebivalci Trnovega so sebe in svojo podobo Trnovega imeli za sodobne, uskladiti troje različnih pogledov pa je bilo nemogoče. Urbana krajina, ki se je na koncu rodila, je bila fizično zelo raznolika: stare kmetije so tekmovale z rastočim socialističnim predmestjem, celotna podoba pa je odsevala različne poglede na Trnovo, Ljubljano in pojmovanje sodobnosti.
Commercialism, Capitalism, and Celebration
Authors: Santino Jack
Published: December 2010

Traditional holidays in the United States have become remarkable for the amount of commercial activity (Christmas, Halloween). When it is recognized that rituals, festivals, and celebrations are often dramatic symbolic enactments of the culture that produced them, one realizes that it is inevitable that such a class of events would exist. Often the commercialization of holidays starts with the recognition of traditional customs and activities customs are recognized as potentially profitable and exploitable by various industrial interests, and are commercialized as a result. Another, somewhat different, process involves the attempt to translate a custom or a practice associated with a particular holiday to a different festival. The third process focuses on the translations of festive year into mass media (music, film, literature) where one obvious dynamic in the commercialization of a holiday is the fit between the holiday and the genre in question. What is ultimately most interesting is how people actually use the mass media and commercial goods. People continue to adapt their customs and traditions and create new ones; they use the products of mass culture to create meaning within the contexts of their own priorities and their own lives. Celebrations require personal interaction, and it is within the realm of interpersonal communication that real social bonds are created and maintained.
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Tradicionalni prazniki v ZDA so izjemni po vseobsežni komercializaciji (najbolj božič, nato noč čarovnic). Ker so rituali, festivali in praznovanja pogosto dramatične simbolične uprizoritve kulture, katere produkt so, je neogibno, da so tudi del porabniške kulture. Avtor komercializacijo opazuje na več na več ravneh: pogosto se začne z ugotovitvijo, da so tradicionalne šege in aktivnosti vnovčljive: komercializaciji je podvržen ves kontekst enega samega praznika (industrija poskrbi za vso tradicionalno praznično opravo); nekoliko drugačen proces je poskus prenosa značilnosti enega praznika na druge; tretji pa je prevajane prazničnega leta v množične medije (literatura, glasba, film), pri čemer dinamika komercializacije temelji na ujemanju praznika in žanra. Najzanimivejše pa je, kako ljudje uporabljajo medije in komercialne produkte. Prilagajajo si šege in izročila in ustvarjajo nova, uporabljajo množične produkte, da si osmišljajo svoje želje in življenje. Praznovanj ni brez osebnih stikov in prave socialne vezi se ustvarjajo in vzdržujejo le z medčloveškimi stiki in komunikacijo.
On the Reception and Production of Harmony. Some Points of Departure Based on the Škoromati
Authors: Fikfak Jurij
Published: December 2010

Avtor razpravlja o dilemi, pred katero je (bil) postavljen pretekli in sodobni raziskovalec ljudskega življenja. Mnogi izvajalci ponujajo raziskovalcu harmonično, idealnotipsko podobo ritualne prakse, s katero želijo opozoriti na preteklo harmonijo. Na ta način se lahko  raziskovalec ujame v podobe sveta, s katerimi izvajalec oblikuje vaško identiteto in s katerimi zamrzne čas; na drugi strani pa lahko raziskovalec odkrije kontekst neravnin, znotraj katerih poteka njegovo raziskovanje, kot samopredstavitev lokalne skupnosti in njenih najpomembnejših predstavnikov.
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The author discusses a dilemma faced by previous and contemporary researchers of folk life. Many performers offer the researcher a harmonic, ideal-typical image of a ritual practice through which they wish to draw attention to former harmony. In this way the researcher can become wrapped up in images of the world through which the performers shape the identity of the village and can serve to freeze time – or the researcher may discover the contexts of the unevenness within which his or her research takes place as the self-presentation of a local community and its significant representatives.
On Ethnology and Lexicography. The Lexicon of Slovenian Ethnology between Conception and Publication
Authors: Slavec Gradišnik Ingrid
Published: December 2010

Priprava dela, kakršno je Slovenski etnološki leksikon (2004), je zahtevna v konceptualnem, organizacijskem in finančnem pogledu. V članku so »od znotraj« predstavljene tiste značilnosti nastajanja leksikona, ki so povezane z zasnovo in deloma organizacijo dela; ob tem je namen deloma kritičen, deloma pojasnjevalen, saj je leksikon kljub vsem pomanjkljivostim izjemno pionirsko delo. Upoštevano je, da ne gre le za etnološki, temveč tudi leksikografski projekt, ki terja neogibno in potrpežljivo sodelovanje etnologov in leksikografov.
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The preparation of a work like the Slovenski etnološki leksikon (Lexicon of Slovenian Ethnology, 2004) is demanding in its conceptual, organizational, and financial aspects. This article gives an “inside” view of the planning and organizational work in creating the lexicon. The aim of this article is both critical and explanatory, because despite all of its shortcomings the lexicon is an exceptional pioneering work. It is recognized that this was not only an ethnological, but also a lexicographical project, which required the indispensable and patient cooperation of ethnologists and lexicographers.
Designing Stage Costumes for Polka Music Ensembles
Authors: Knific Bojan
Published: December 2010

V prispevku so obravnavani odrski oblačilni videz narodno-zabavnih ansamblov in prepoznane zakonitosti, ki so vplivale na razvoj tovrstnega kostumiranja. Najpomembnejšo vlogo je zaradi svoje odločitve, da se obleče v t. i. narodne noše, v petdesetih letih 20. stoletja imel Ansambel bratov Avsenik, t. i. narodna noša pa je zlasti v tujini postala in ostala obvezna spremljevalka slovenske narodno-zabavne glasbe.
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What is interesting to observe and study in the field of polka music, apart from musical characteristics of this genre, is the visual appearance of it‘s performers, along with origin and use of the so called »national garb« as a substantial part of this genre. This style in fact came to it‘s own in the Fifties (20th Century), marked by the appearance of The ensemble of Avsenik Brothers along with a number of other similar ensembles. The decision to use the »national costume« as a part of their image proved to work in their favor and hereby became a hallmark of polka music both at home and abroad.
The Films of Božo Škerlj
Authors: Križnar Naško
Published: December 2010

Božo Škerlj je bil prvi doktor antropologije v Jugoslaviji, manj pa je poznano, da je bil tudi filmski amater. V tridesetih letih preteklega stoletja in še nekaj let po drugi svetovni vojni je snemal z malo ozkotračno filmsko kamero družinsko življenje in utrinke iz službenega okolja. Ohranjenih je 24 filmskih enot v skupnem trajanju 90 minut. V članku so predstavljene okoliščine in značilnosti njegovega filmskega ustvarjanja, vsebine filmov in njihov pomen za preučevanje kulture.
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Božo Škerlj was the first anthropologist in former Yugoslavia with Ph.D., while it is not known to everybody that he also practiced amateur filmmaking. In the 30’s and 40’s of past century he filmed the family life and the scenes of his working activity. 24 film units are preserved which total duration is 90 minutes. In the article the history and a character of his filmmaking is presented, the content of the films and their significance for the study of culture as well.
Franc Ferk and the Importance of His Museological and Ethnographic Activities for Štajersko
Authors: Godina - Golija Maja
Published: December 2010

Novembra leta 2005 je minilo 80 let od smrti profesorja Franca Ferka, zgodovinarja in germanista. V času svojega življenja je ustvaril pomembne arheološke zbirke, ki jih je podaril muzejskim društvom in muzejem na Štajerskem in s tem spodbudil ustanovitev muzeja v Celju (1882), na Ptuju (1893) in v Mariboru (1903). Poleg numizmatike in arheologije se je ukvarjal tudi z narodopisnim delom. Njegovo narodopisno gradivo je deloma popisal dr. Niko Kuret. Kot »Ferkov arhiv« ga hrani Inštitut za slovensko narodopisje ZRC SAZU.
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November 2005 marked eight decades since the death of historian and germanist Franc Ferk. In the course of his productive life, Ferk created several prominent archaeological collections, which he donated to museum societies and museums in Štajersko; these collections formed the basis for the formation of the museum in Celje (1882), the one in Ptuj (1893), and the museum in Maribor (1903). Beside archaeology and numismatics, Ferk was very interested in ethnographic work. A part of his ethnographic collection, now known as the “Ferk archives”, had been examined and recorded by ethnologist Niko Kuret. This material is presently kept at the Institute of Slovenian Ethnology SRC of the SASA.
β-Catenin Inhibits T Cell Activation by Selective Interference with Linker for Activation of T Cells–Phospholipase C-γ1 Phosphorylation
Authors: Driessens Gregory , Zheng Yan , Locke Frederick , Cannon Judy L. , Gounari Fotini , Gajewski Thomas F.
Published: December 2010

Despite the defined function of the β-catenin pathway in thymocytes, its functional role in peripheral T cells is poorly understood. We report that in a mouse model, β-catenin protein is constitutively degraded in peripheral T cells. Introduction of stabilized β-catenin into primary T cells inhibited proliferation and cytokine secretion after TCR stimulation and blunted effector cell differentiation. Functional and biochemical studies revealed that β-catenin selectively inhibited linker for activation of T cells phosphorylation on tyrosine 136, which was associated with defective phospholipase C-γ1 phosphorylation and calcium signaling but normal ERK activation. Our findings indicate that β-catenin negatively regulates T cell activation by a previously undescribed mechanism and suggest that conditions under which β-catenin might be inducibly stabilized in vivo would be inhibitory for T cell-based immunity.
Alloimmune Response Results in Expansion of Autoreactive Donor CD4+ T Cells in Transplants That Can Mediate Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Zhao Dongchang , Young James S. , Chen Yu-Hong , Shen Elizabeth , Yi Tangsheng , Todorov Ivan , Chu Peiguo G. , Forman Stephen J. , Zeng Defu
Published: December 2010

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is considered an autoimmune-like disease mediated by donor CD4+ T cells, but the origin of the autoreactive T cells is still controversial. In this article, we report that the transplantation of DBA/2 donor spleen cells into thymectomized MHC-matched allogeneic BALB/c recipients induced autoimmune-like cGVHD, although not in control syngeneic DBA/2 recipients. The donor-type CD4+ T cells from the former but not the latter recipients induced autoimmune-like manifestations in secondary allogeneic BALB/c as well as syngeneic DBA/2 recipients. Transfer of donor-type CD4+ T cells from secondary DBA/2 recipients with disease into syngeneic donor-type or allogeneic host-type tertiary recipients propagated autoimmune-like manifestations in both. Furthermore, TCR spectratyping revealed that the clonal expansion of the autoreactive CD4+ T cells in cGVHD recipients was initiated by an alloimmune response. Finally, hybridoma CD4+ T clones derived from DBA/2 recipients with disease proliferated similarly in response to stimulation by syngeneic donor-type or allogeneic host-type dendritic cells. These results demonstrate that the autoimmune-like manifestations in cGVHD can be mediated by a population of donor CD4+ T cells in transplants that simultaneously recognize Ags presented by both donor and host APCs.
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Children
Authors: Cappa Marco , Bizzarri Carla , Crea Francesca
Published: December 2010

The two major autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) include Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AT); both of which are characterized by infiltration of the thyroid by T and B cells reactive to thyroid antigens, by the production of thyroid autoantibodies and by abnormal thyroid function (hyperthyroidism in GD and hypothyroidism in AT). While the exact etiology of thyroid autoimmunity is not known, it is believed to develop when a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental encounters leads to breakdown of tolerance. It is important to recognize thyroid dysfunction at an early stage by maintaining an appropriate index of suspicion.
Die dialektiek tussen leser en teks: �n Gesprek oor hermeneutiese homiletiek
Authors: Pieterse Hennie J.C.
Published: December 2010

Dialectics between reader and text: A discussion on hermeneutical homiletics The fundamentalist reaction to contemporary theological discourse in South Africa expresses the need for homiletics to give serious attention to the pre-understanding of our existential situation in order to understand the Biblical text for preaching. Empirical research shows that most preachers concentrate on exegesis in sermon preparation, but do not succeed in actualising the message of the text in their own context. In homiletics, the question still remains whether the own context of the reader of a Biblical text should be seen as an integral part of the hermeneutical-homiletical theory. This article argues that there is a creative tension between reader and Biblical text in the hermeneutical process of sermon preparation, provided the two are treated equally. Because either the text or the reader sometimes dominates the process of understanding, a choice is made for an equal dialectical weight of reader and text in hermeneutical-homiletics, referring to H-G. Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur as sources. This approach opens up the possibility of topical preaching as a result of a creative tension between reader and text in sermon preparation.
Arbeitsgemeinschaft: Mathematical Billards
Authors: Tabachnikov Serge , Troubetzkoy Serge
Published: December 2010

The workshop
Mathematical Billiards
, organised by Serge Tabachnikov (Penn State) and Serge Troubetzkoy (Marseille) was held April 4th–April 10th, 2010. This meeting was well attended by over 40 participants including a number of master and PhD students, with broad geographic representation. This workshop was a nice blend of researchers with various backgrounds who brought in their various point of views to cover the classics as well as recent advances in mathematical billiards and flat surfaces.The report consists in the abstracts for the 18 lectures, followed by the abstracts for the 4 short talks that took place in the evenings. During the workshop, there was also a demo of the mathematical software Sage.
Non-positive Curvature and Geometric Structures in Group Theory
Authors: Bridson Martin R. , Kramer Linus , Rémy Bertrand , Vogtmann Karen
Published: December 2010

The focus of this meeting was the use of geometric methods to study infinite discrete groups. Key topics included isometric actions of such groups on spaces of nonpositive curvature, such as CAT(0) cube complexes, buildings, and hyperbolic or symmetric spaces. These actions lead to a rich and fruitful interplay between geometry and group theoretic questions.
Progress in Surface Theory
Authors: Abresch Uwe , Dorfmeister Josef , Umehara Masaaki
Published: December 2010

The theory of surfaces is interpreted these days as a prototype of submanifold geometry and is characterized by the substantial application of PDE methods and methods from the theory of integrable systems, in addition to the more classical techniques from real and/or complex analysis. In addition, surfaces with singularities are studied intensively. In this workshop we brought together all the main strands of modern surface theory.
Motives and Homotopy Theory of Schemes
Authors: Kahn Bruno , Levine Marc , Spieß Michael
Published: December 2010

The 2010 program on Motives and Homotopy Theory of Schemes consisted of a lively and varied series of 19 one-hour lectures on the latest developments in the field, presenting a wide range of aspects of this multifaceted subject. Besides the lectures, we were happy to welcome a wide range of nationalities and age groups to the conference.
Analysis and Geometric Singularities
Authors: Brüning Jochen , Mazzeo Rafe , Piazza Paolo
Published: December 2010

The Conference on “Analysis and Geometric Singularities” took place from June 27 to July 3, 2010 and had 53 participants. The organization of the meeting followed the well-established scheme, providing plenty of discussion time which was intensely used, especially by the young participants. The four survey talks were given by Gilles Carron, Jean-Michel Bismut, Ulrich Bunke and Xiaonan Ma.
A SYNTHESIS OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION: 1988 - 2003
Authors: Connors James J. , Swan Benjamin G.
Published: December 2010

The concept of leadership development has been researched in agricultural education for decades. This study reviewed the Journal of Agricultural Education and the Proceedings of the National Agricultural Education Research Meeting/Conference to determine the number of research papers published between 1988 and 2003, the prolific leadership researchers, and the focus areas of their leadership research. Only 15 researchers had published three or more leadership-related studies over the 16 year period. Five percent of the articles in both publications were classified as leadership-related studies. The focus areas that emerged were: agricultural education/FFA, extension education/4-H, collegiate, and community leadership.
Guest‐Molecule‐Directed Assembly of Mesostructured Nanocomposite Polymer/Organoclay Hydrogels
Authors: Martin Jessica E. , Patil Avinash J. , Butler Michael F. , Mann Stephen
Published: December 2010

Given the urgent need for soft materials with high functional value, hydrogels based on the integrative assembly of organic polymers and nanoscale inorganic building blocks—so‐called nanocomposite polymer hydrogels—offer a generic approach to swollen hybrid networks with tuneable and synergistic properties. Here, we report a new approach to assembling nanocomposite polymer hydrogels with multiple levels of structural complexity and enhanced functionality by using nanoscale integration of mesostructured inorganic building blocks capable of sequestering and releasing drugs (ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen) and enzymes (glucose oxidase). The viscoelastic materials are produced by noncovalent crosslinking of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) in the presence of low amounts (1–5 wt%) of an exfoliated synthetic organoclay that undergoes in situ guest‐molecule‐directed self‐assembly. The hydrogels can be moulded into shape‐persistent, free‐standing objects that are stable between pH values of 4 to 11 and self‐heal when damaged. Significantly, the mesostructured nanocomposite polymer hydrogels, which can be reversibly dried and reconstituted in the form of highly swollen materials, exhibit sustained drug release and can be recharged and reused. The results provide important guidelines for developing new multifunctional nanocomposite polymer hydrogels based on the concerted self‐assembly of inorganic building blocks with mesostructured interiors.
Equilibrium and absorption kinetics of carbon dioxide by solid supported amine sorbent
Authors: Monazam Esmail R. , Shadle Lawrence J. , Siriwardane Ranjani
Published: December 2010

The equilibrium and conversion‐time data on the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) with amine‐based solid sorbent were analyzed over the range of 303–373 K. Data on CO2 loading on amine based solid sorbent at these temperatures and CO2 partial pressure between 10 and 760 mm Hg obtained from volumetric adsorption apparatus were fitted to a simple equilibrium model to generate the different parameters (including equilibrium constant) in the model. Using these constants, a correlation was obtained to define equilibrium constant and maximum CO2 loading as a function of temperature. In this study, a shrinking core model (SCM) was applied to elucidate the relative importance of pore diffusion and surface chemical reaction in controlling the rate of reaction. Application of SCM to the data suggested a surface reaction‐controlled mechanism for the temperature of up to 40°C and pore‐diffusion mechanism at higher temperature. Published 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Feasibility of the TNM‐based staging system of ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
Authors: Lee Sung‐Eun , Paik Ji‐Sun , Cho Won‐Kyung , Choi Byung‐Ock , Lee Sang‐Nam , Jung Seung‐Eun , Park Kyung‐Sin , Kang Chang‐Suk , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Yang Suk‐Woo , Cho Seok‐Goo
Published: December 2010

The American Joint Committee on Cancer has proposed the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system to overcome the limitations of the Ann Arbor staging system for ocular adnexal lymphoma. We performed this study to evaluate the feasibility of the TNM staging system for ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (OAML). The data form 66 total eyes from 54 patients with biopsy‐confirmed OAML according to World Health Organization classification were retrospectively analyzed. Using the TNM staging system, we reclassified all patients into two categories: (1) T1N0M0 stage group (n = 26), for patients with lymphoma involving only the conjunctiva; and (2) above T1N0M0 or bT1N0M0 stage group (n = 28), for patients with lymphoma extending to the orbit, eyelid, or adjacent structures, and/or bilateral OAML. After a 24‐month median follow‐up period for all patients, the T1N0M0 group revealed higher progression‐free survival (PFS) than the above T1N0M0 or the bT1N0M0 group (P = 0.041). In a separate analysis of only 50 patients categorized as Ann Arbor stage IE, the T1N0M0 group demonstrated higher PFS (100%) than the above T1N0M0 or the bT1N0M0 group (84.7%; P = 0.067). Our data show that the poor prognostic group classified as Ann Arbor stage IE can be further distinguished by using the TNM staging system. Thus, further studies to develop treatment strategies for reducing relapse after treatment for OAML should use the TNM staging system. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pain and death: Neurodegenerative disease mechanisms in the nociceptor
Authors: Reichling David B. , Levine Jon D.
Published: December 2010

Chronic peripheral neuropathic pain is the result of abnormal activity in sensory nerves. It is well recognized that this sensory nerve dysfunction can be caused by traumatic, toxic, or metabolic insult to the nerve. In addition, there is growing recognition that neuropathic pain is a frequent manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases. In this regard, important clues to the cellular mechanisms of neuropathic pain may be found by close examination of neurodegenerative diseases (including Parkinson's disease) in which neuropathic pain is often an underappreciated but important clinical manifestation. This approach identifies specific mitochondrial and cytoskeletal mechanisms, previously implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system, that might contribute to neuropathic dysfunction in peripheral sensory nerve fibers. Investigations in preclinical models of common peripheral neuropathic pain conditions have supported the idea that a subset of these cellular mechanisms of neurodegeneration can produce painful hyperactivity in primary afferent nociceptors. Importantly, this emerging concept of neurodegenerative disease mechanisms in the primary afferent nociceptor identifies novel molecular targets for the treatment neuropathic pain. Ann Neurol 2011;69:13–21