bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of plant-based enriching ingredients on the cost-effectiveness of food production
Authors: Agibalov A V , Derkansova N M , Zaitseva I I , Zaporozhtseva L A , Shelamova S A
Published: January 2022

The article presents an assessment of the cost-effectiveness from the introduction into the production of the developed method of producing a layered cookie based on a cracker enriched with food fibres and a fruit lipstick mass with amaranth dyes. Based on the analysis of the current state of the regional market and consumer preferences for enriched flour confectionery products, as well as based on innovative trends in the development of the bakery and confectionery industries, it is proposed to expand the range of enriched cookies by introducing non-traditional components from domestic vegetal raw materials obtained using resource-saving technology, namely: for baked semi-product - finely dispersed powder from squeezes of pumpkin pulp of Muscat grade dried by low-temperature vacuum evaporation; for finishing semi-product (lipstick mass) - water-and-alcohol extract from leaf mass of amaranth of Valentine grade. Theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed the positive effect of the use of technological solutions in the production of layered cookies, there was an improvement in the chemical composition and consumer properties of layered cookies, which allows to more fully satisfy market needs, increase the competitiveness of finished products along with reducing production costs. The calculation of economic efficiency from production of traditional and developed technology of enriched layered cookies is presented. Economic calculations show the profitability of layered cookies such as the cracker “Custom New”.
Mathematical substantiation of the efficiency of sunflower cultivation in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth Region
Authors: Stolyarov O V , Kolodyazhny S V , Zadorozhnaya V A , Shishkina L A , Tkacheva Yu V
Published: January 2022

Sunflower is one of the strategic crops of the agro-industrial complex not only in Russia, but also around the world: sunflower seeds are used not only for food products and feed from production waste, but also for energy carriers. In recent years, the cost of sunflower oil has shown high growth dynamics, and we believe that against the background of the general growth in the consumption of “green” renewable energy, it will also show growth. The high demand for sunflower oilseeds both in the domestic and foreign markets is due to the wide range of products produced from this raw material, and this trend has persisted for many years due to an increase in the population and an increasing demand for high-quality food products. In addition, an increasing number of consumers in Russia have a negative attitude towards the widespread palm oil on the international market, preferring sunflower oil or its processed products. Sunflower oilseeds are cultivated everywhere both in the Russian Federation and in the world. However, the high variability of soil-climatic conditions, the emergence of new varieties, hybrids and plant protection products with high attention to zero soil treatment technologies require research and justification of mass production. The high price of the crop made it possible not to touch on the issues of the effectiveness of sunflower cultivation and ensuring its high quality, this article is designed to fill in these gaps. The authors of the article investigate the hypothesis of the dependence of sunflower quality on the technology of its cultivation. Mathematical methods were used to substantiate the conclusions, which made it possible to identify significant and secondary factors of cultivation technology and obtain an assessment model.
Justification for the culverts’ design with joint operation of a water cylinder with a side weir
Authors: Bakshtanin A.M. , Zhukova T.Yu.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the actual topic of the substantiation of the culverts’ design with the joint operation of a water cylinder with a lateral flow outlet. In the article, the advantages and disadvantages of gravity and pressure flow are considered. Under catastrophic conditions, structures with a non-pressurized regime are safer since they have a high reserve of carrying capacity, and structures with a pressurized regime have a large carrying capacity. Today, there is a tendency to use energy dissipation methods using a water cylinder with a side outlet of the water flow in the bottom reach. It is necessary to use water flows when increasing the construction territory of hydraulic structures in mountainous and foothill sections of rivers. A design diagram of a water cylinder with a lateral water outlet when using water cylinder is proposed; the work shows a cylinder with a zero-bottom slope of a rectangular section. A roller with a rotation axis is considered in the article; the flow follows to the wall of the water cylinder along the length of the side walls, a water flow approaches with the expansion in the vertical plane of the side cutout; a flow is formed in the cylinder in the area of the tunnel joining to the cylinder, the outlet channel design and energy dissipation are also considered.
The need for and ways to improve resilience food security of Russia
Authors: Adukov R Kh , Zakharov R V
Published: January 2022

The article shows that the achievement of the thresholds pointed in the Food Security Doctrine for the period up to 2030 does not ensure that the per capita consumption of basic foodstuffs is brought up to rational norms. The need to improve the sustainability of food security in Russia is noted. It has been established that this problem has not received due attention in the indicated Doctrine. The main factors on which the success of solving this problem depends are listed. These include the development of the economy and an increase in employment and income of the population, the optimization of inter- and intra-sectoral relations, the creation of favorable conditions for the development of small business in agriculture, an increase of the regions’ self-sufficiency with basic types of food. Expressed the expediency of reflecting the listed factors in the section “Risks and Threats to Food Security” of the named Doctrine. The necessity of taking effective measures aimed at taking these factors into account has been substantiated.
Application of digital technologies in the selection of technologies for the cultivation of grain crops
Authors: Alt V V , Balushkina E A , Isakova S P
Published: January 2022

The important aspects for the choice of agricultural technologies in crop production, the influence of the existing composition and condition of the machine and tractor fleet on the efficiency and competitiveness of the economy are shown. The relevance of solving the problem of automated selection of technologies and technical means is shown. A brief analysis of software in the field of automated formation of agricultural technologies and technical support is given, taking into account many factors affecting the solution of the problem.
Plant leaf images computerized segmenation
Authors: Altukhov V G
Published: January 2022

In this paper the comparison of RGB, HSV and CIELab color spaces is considered in view of diseased leaf images segmentation by color thresholding method. In such tasks HSV and CIELab outperform RGB. Thresholding method based upon HSV or CIELab color spaces can be applied to measuring leaves total area, diseased and healthy surfaces area, as well as dataset composing in machine learning.
Effect of new cover crops and sowing dates on growth, development and yield of awnlessbromegrass in Western Siberia
Authors: Bakshaev D Y
Published: January 2022

Research carried out in the northern forest-steppe of the Western Siberia on leached chernozem showed that of all the studied dates of sowing bromegrass under the cover of spring crops, the maximum yield was obtained when sowing from 10 to 20 July under the cover of a mixture of oats with rapeseed or winter rye - 8.5 and 7.1 t/ha of dry weight respectively. This is achieved by controlling the weeds before sowing when cultivating the field and creating optimal conditions for the development of forage crops, which affects the safety of young bromegrass plants after wintering 84-97%. The use of Sudan grass as a cover crop when sown between 15 and 25 May results in up to 49% loss of bromegrass from the grass stand, but due to the early harvest of the cover crop, bromegrass has time to accumulate enough spare nutrients for successful overwintering. The average annual yield of dry mass is 5.0 t / ha. Sowing bromegrass from 10 to 20 June under cover mixtures of bromegrass with rapeseed or millet with rapeseed suppresses both the cover crops and the weeds, which have the most favorable growth conditions at this time. After harvesting, bromegrass forms a grass stand with a dry matter yield of 5.8 t/ha.
Development of a portable impedance meter for diagnostics of biological objects plant origin
Authors: Elkin O V , Morozov V B , Richter V A , Mineev V V
Published: January 2022

The article proposes a technical solution for a multi-frequency meter of electrical impedance parameters based on a precision impedance converter AD5933 from analog devices. The technical solution can be used in the development of portable devices for the diagnosis of biological objects.
Adaptive resource capacity management agricultural landscapes of Siberia for efficient cultivation grain crops
Authors: Utenkov G L , Ivanov O A , Ivanova T E , Vlasenko A N
Published: January 2022

In the grain production of Siberia, not everything is provided safely. With a yield potential of 30 - 35 million tons, the actual grain production is 13 - 14 million tons. Cultivation of grain crops is energy intensive, extensive and ecologically unbalanced. The management of the productivity of agrocenoses is carried out by agricultural technologies. This management problem has not been solved even in modern precision farming systems. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of grain crops cultivation by managing the resource potential based on agricultural technologies that take into account spatio-temporal changes in properties and the state of agricultural landscapes in Siberia. Research methods. Structural analysis and synthesis, mathematical modeling of mechanical and technological solutions and the integral indicator of agriculture. Main research results. Intensification is the main way to increase the efficiency of grain production, an analytical expression is proposed for the integral criterion of agriculture - the really possible value of their yield. For the management of agricultural technologies, a 4-level hierarchical concept with mechanical and technological temporary control actions is proposed: the upper level is strategic management. Developed adaptive-mobile field crop rotations, providing 2.72–3.09 MJ growth of the energy coefficient. For the arid regions of Siberia, the Research Institute of Applied Sciences of Khakasia proposed a surface irrigation technology. Provides an increase in labor productivity by 3-5 times, reduces the cost of 1 ton of hay by 3-4 times with an average yield of 5 t / ha; the second level is the management of a separate growing season; a furrow-band sowing was proposed, providing a 20 - 35% increase in yield; the third level is technological control in real time. An automatic flexible technological complex for the main tillage is proposed, which improves the quality of tillage and increases labor productivity by 15 - 20%; the fourth is the level of technological impact on the basis of scientific principles, taking into account the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the treatment object. Conclusions: 1) In the conditions of Siberia with its spatio-temporal changes in the properties and conditions of the soil cover, precise (digital) management of the resource potential of agricultural landscapes is required. 2) To increase the efficiency of grain crops cultivation, four mechanical and technological levels of control have been proposed.
Application of digital technologies in agricultural production in Siberian federal district regions
Authors: Zyablitseva I V , Zyablitseva Ya Yu
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the agricultural production volume, the number of rural population in Siberian Federal District regions for 2019, presents technical and technological equipment with computers and telecommunications, shows the need for the introduction of digital technologies that contribute to improving the efficiency of agriculture
Analytical hierarchy process (ahp) application in the selection of plant types on the community’s agroforestry land
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Marpaung R M E , Batubara R , Rauf Z
Published: January 2022

This research was conducted to develop a participatory in selecting the types of plants that are of interest to the community in agroforestry land. This study aimed to determine the plants types by the community in agroforestry land using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This research was conducted from March to July 2019 in Sari Laba Jahe Village, Sibiru-biru Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. Interviews and discussions with key respondents were conducted to obtain data and information related to the criteria and alternatives to be compiled in the AHP questionnaire. The data from the questionnaire was processed using the Expert Choice Software. The highest value obtained is the criteria for community knowledge about plants with a value of 0.237, followed by resistance to pests and diseases (0.223), characteristics and land quality (0.194) and community welfare (0.193). While the lowest weight value is found in the criteria for community needs with a value of 0.153. The most preferred types of plants to be planted on agroforestry land are rubber with a weight value of 0.233, followed by sengon (0.199), avocado (0.165), durian (0.164), teak (0.133) and mango (0.105). By conducting this research, they can help the decision-maker in terms of activities related to improving the community’s economy, especially planting superior species.
Identification and disease severity of dieback disease on sengon seedlings in Persemaian Permanen Dramaga Bogor
Authors: Firmansyah M A , Arsalan B A
Published: January 2022

Sengon is one of the forestry plant commodities favoured by the community. So that the provision of healthy seedlings in the nursery is significant to achieve successful planting. However, sengon is very susceptible to several diseases. One of the diseases is dieback in the nursery. This study aims to calculate the incidence and severity of shoot death in sengon seedlings in Persemaian Permanen Dramaga Bogor and identify the types of pathogens that cause dieback in sengon seedlings. Methods of data collection were carried out using the census and scoring methods. In addition, the identification process was carried out under a light microscope with a magnification of 40×10. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis. The percentage of disease incidence and dieback severity in sengon seedlings were 10.809% and 73.764%, where the severity of the disease is declared as severe. Based on the identification results, the fungus Rhizoctonia sp. is suspect as the cause of dieback in sengon seedlings.
Incidence Attacks of Coffee (Coffee arabica L.) Pest on Agroforestry System in Liquica Regency, Timor Leste
Authors: Marques A , Haneda N F , Hartoyo A P P
Published: January 2022

Coffee is the main tropical commodity traded in the world with its contribution is half of the total tropical commodity exports. Pest attacks on coffee (Coffee arabica) cause a decrease in productivity. The aims of this study were: 1) to analyze the incidence attacks of coffee (C. arabica) pests, 2) to identify components and dominant species in agroforestry systems in Liquica Regency, Timor Leste. The method used was purposive sampling around 45 plots. The results showed that the incidence attacks of coffee pests were dominated by Hypoteneus hampei in coffee fruit (7,8%) and Zeuzera coffeae as a stem borer (0,13%). Coffee was planted in the agroforestry patterns with some species, such as sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), avocado (Persea americana), vanili (Vanilla planifolia), cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum), pepper (Piper nigrum), mango (Mangifera indica), lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), orange (Citrus sp.), porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) and banana (Musa spp.). Important value index showed the dominant species at seedling and sapling levels was C. arabica, while at pole and tree levels was P. falcataria. The most dominant shade tree on coffee was P. falcataria. Incidence attacks of coffee (C. arabica) were affected by components in agroforestry systems.
Effect of Endophytic Fungi Inoculation and Ecoenzyme on the Growth of Gmelina (Gmelina arborea (Roxb.)) Seedlings
Authors: Nurjaman K M , Wulandari A S , Istikorini Y
Published: January 2022

During the growth process, plants require nutrients and have a symbiotic relationship with beneficial microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of endophytic fungi inoculation and eco enzymes on the growth of Gmelina Seedlings. The endophytic fungi which were used were Ochroconis sp., Ascotricha sp., and Arthrinium malaysianum. Endophytic fungi inoculation into Gmelina Seedlings was carried out by watering fungal suspension onto the planting medium. The same method was carried out for the application of eco enzyme. The results showed that inoculation of the endophytic fungi A. malaysianum decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling’s height and diameter. Inoculation of Ascotricha sp. decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling height, and inoculation of Ochroconis sp. decreased the growth of Gmelina Seedling diameter. Endophytic fungi inoculation without eco enzymes could generate longer roots. As a result, shoot root ratio and seedling quality index showed that Gmelina Seedlings were ready to transplant in the field. The results of this study can be used as a reference in applying biological fertilizers to forestry plants.
Entomopathogenic fungi as biological agents in forest plant pest control: A systematic review
Authors: Alfina T , Haneda N F
Published: January 2022

Entomopathogenic fungi have seen application in pest control due to being more friendly to the environment compared to synthetic insecticides. This research aims to determine the potentials of entomopathogenic fungi by identifying research reports regarding the effectiveness of fungi as biological agents for controlling pest insect attacks on forest plants. This research used a systematic review to enable extended analysis. The systematic review was performed on secondary data obtained from 51 scientific articles concerning tests of entomopathogenic fungi on forest plants pest insects. The research publications originated from multiple continents and a surge in the number of publications took place in 2020. Curculionids were the most frequently found pest insects with 14 species encountered. The most frequently found and tested stadium of insects on the field was the adult stage used in 39 researches. The most dominant fungi used in the researches were ascomycetes with 31 species, ten species among them originating from the Cordycipitaceae family. The most used application methods were direct spraying and immersion, each with a 33% percentage of usage.
Diversity of termite species at various altitudes in the secondary forest, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Indrayani Y , Setyawati D , Mariani Y , Takematsu Y , Yoshimura T
Published: January 2022

Forests are the natural habitat for termite breeding, where the diversity of its species is higher than other habitats. Therefore, it is imperative to be knowledgeable about the diversity of termites to assess the function of their colonies in environmental ecosystems. An introductory survey to measure the diversity of termite species in a tropical forest in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, was initiated from August – September 2020. This survey was carried out at various altitudes, namely 100 - 200, 201 - 300, and 301 - 400 masl. The termite sampling process was carried out on a 100 m path for each altitude. Observations were made in 8 plots, measuring 10 x 10 m. The termites were collected from the soil surface, leaf litters, mud trails, fallen logs, tree trunks, and roots, including termite nests. The chemical properties of the soil were analyzed to measure organic carbon, pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. A total of 150 samples of termite were collected in the survey from 8 plots at an altitude of 100 – 200 masl (97 individuals), 5 plots at an altitude of 201 – 300 masl (43 individual) and 2 plots at an altitude of 301 - 400 masl (10 individuals). We found seven species of subterranean termites belonging to two families (Termitidae and Rhinotermitidae) and five sub-families (Macrotermitinae, Termitinae, Coptotermitinae, Nasutitermitinae, and Rhinotermitinae). Increasing altitude leads reduction in the number of species of individual termites. This reduced diversity of termite species in higher areas is due to decreased temperature because cold temperatures inhibit termite’s metabolic rate. Soil chemical analysis shows that C-Organic, N, P, K, and CEC contents in this study decreased with increasing altitude. In conclusion, we highlight that altitude is a limiting factor for the distribution of termite species. It is in direct proportion with the homogeneous distribution of termite species in secondary forests of Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, possibly due to a decrease in air temperature and soil mineral elements.
Flora composition and diversity in Mount Sibela Educational Forest, South Halmahera, North Maluku
Authors: Irmayanti L , Ashari R , Peniwidiyanti  , Umanailo F , Rangkuti A B , Fatrawana A , Nurhikmah  , Nurdin A S , Nur M
Published: January 2022

The Gunung Sibela Educational Forest is part of the nature reserve located on Bacan Island, North Maluku. Flora research in this location is still very limited, therefore this research was carried out as database support for area management. The purpose of this study was to describe the composition and diversity of flora in the Gunung Sibela Educational Forest. Data collection was carried out in block 332 by making 25 plots measuring 20 m × 20 m each. We recorded the number of individuals of each species, also height and diameter specifically for trees in each growth phase. There were 40 plant species from 25 families, dominated by Neolamarckia macrophylla in tree phase (71.95%), Celtis sp. in poles (41.87%) and saplings (22.55%), and Aglaia sp. in seedlings (33.02%). The diversity index was on moderate categories on trees (2.93), poles (2.93) and seedling (2.47), and high on saplings (3.05). The richness index was high on trees, poles, saplings (6.58, 5.18, 6.05 respectively), and moderate on seedlings (3.61). While the evenness index shows the number of individuals for trees, poles, saplings and seedlings tend to be evenly distributed (0.82, 0.93, 0.89, 0.89 respectively). Overall of this study is the composition of the vegetation in Gunung Sibela Educational Forest contains 40 species of plants and the diversity of species is classified as moderate, and evenness and species richness are classified as high. This indicates that the condition of the vegetation in the research location of the Gunung Sibela Educational Forest is in good condition.
Morphological characteristics and abundance of red meranti (Shorea platyclados) in Martelu Purba natural reserves
Authors: Rangkuti A B , Hartini K S , Susilowati A , Rambey R , Arinah H , Irmayanti L
Published: January 2022

Shorea platyclados Slooten ex Endert is a commercial timber-producing tree from the Dipterocarpaceae family, with the trade name red meranti. The distribution and abundance of Shorea species in Indonesia are decreasing due to forest conversion and illegal logging. As a result, this species is listed as endangered (EN) according to The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Therefore, conservation efforts become an urgent task for this species. This study was conducted to identify the morphological characteristics and distribution patterns of S. platyclados in its natural habitat in the Martelu Purba nature reserve. Morphological identification was carried out through direct observation and measurement of all parts of the tree organs, such as the characters of leaves, seeds, flowers, stems, crowns, and bark. The species abundance was carried out through exploration and inventory methods in approximately 195 ha, and 110 plots were built for vegetation analysis. Our research found that S. platyclados has flat branches and has very sharp seed tips. The results of the species abundance showed that of 110 observation plots, 484 individuals of S. platyclados were found at the tree level. This condition is rather contrary to the current status registered by the IUCN.
Inventory and diversity of dragonflies (Odonata) at Kuningan Resort of Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java Province
Authors: Hastomo S O E , Muttaqin Z , Cita K D
Published: January 2022

The presence of dragonflies regarding the sensitivity of nymphs towards environmental changes is considered a bioindicator that can indicate changes in water quality and the environment. The purpose of this study is to take inventory of the species and the diversity of dragonflies at the Kuningan Resort, Mount Ciremai National Park in several representative aquatic habitats. The dragonfly inventory technique used a modified line transect method with observation plots that are not limited by a certain distance or area but by a set time of 15 minutes for each plot observation. The results of the inventory obtained 24 species of dragonflies from 8 families, as many as 591 dragonflies consisting of 58.2% of common dragonflies including of suborder Anisoptera consists of Aeshnidae, Gomphidae, Libellulidae and 41.8% of needle dragonflies including of suborder Zygoptera consist of Platystictidae, Calopterygidae, Chlorocyphidae, Euphaeidae, Coenagrionidae. The dragonfly diversity index (H’ = 1.94 – 2.32) (medium), the species richness index, or the values of Margalef’s diversity index (Dmg) ranged from 1.99 to 2.87 (low), the species evenness index ranges from 0.39 – 0.6)(low – medium).
Conservation Strategy of Native Seedlings in Kalimantan to Achieve Sustainable Forests in Indonesia
Authors: Suheri M , Haneda N F , Hwa J Y , Sukeno S
Published: January 2022

Recently, the attention of the global community is increasing to the phenomenon of climate change. Climate change could influence the imbalance of the forest ecosystem. Likely floods, forest fires, pests, and disease outbreaks are the important factors that can decrease forest productivity as a reciprocal relationship between forest disturbance and deforestation. The development of plantation forests and natural forest nurseries is one solution to maintain forest resources by reducing deforestation rates and conserving biodiversity. In this study, to conserve native trees of Kalimantan, we explored natural seedlings in their habitats as part of sustainable forest management. The study was conducted at IUPHHK-HTI PT Korintiga Hutani (PT KTH) from 2019 to date. Seedling explorations were carried out in Bukit Panjang and Sungai Inaf Besar. The collection method used wild seedlings (soil aggregate was still compacted in the roots). Furthermore, wild seedlings were grown in a polybag (23 × 15 cm) and stored in shading areas. Then, for acclimatization, it was transplanted to a natural forest nursery. These results suggest that the nursery has collected 9 families, 10 genus, 13 species, and 9791 individuals with 2680 individuals, represent the majority of dominance. As much of 600 seedlings of Dipterocarpaceae were planted at the river border in PT KTH.
Estimation of above ground biomass Shorea spp (Dipterocarpaceae) using allometric models
Authors: Latifah S , Zahrah M
Published: January 2022

Forests play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Understanding numerous ecological processes, such as nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration, necessitates the estimation of forest biomass. This study was conducted primarily to estimate the above-ground biomass of Shorea spp (Dipterocarpaceae) using an allometric model in the Forest Management Unit Mandailing Natal, North Sumatera-Indonesia. To estimate tree biomass in forests, allometric regression models are frequently utilized. These are mathematical functions that link a tree’s dry mass to one or more tree dimensions, like height, diameter, and wood density. The results showed that the average above-ground biomass of Shorea spp was 726.42 kg/tree. Intsia bijuga, with average biomass of 269.83 kg/tree, contributed to the smallest biomass. While the largest contribution to the amount of biomass is Shorea platyclados, with average biomass of 1564 kg/tree. and for carbon storage of 735,2761 kg/tree.
Characteristics Biochar from Young Coconut Waste based on Particle Size as Améliorant
Authors: Lita A L , Maulana A , Yulnafatmawita  , Gusmini  , Herviyanti  , Ryswaldi R
Published: January 2022

Waste from agricultural products will be a problem if it is not used properly. Optimization of waste-biomass agriculture as ameliorant e.g biochar from young coconut waste for sustainable agriculture. The particle size of biochar will have a different effect when applied to the soil, then it is necessary to study the characteristics of biochar particle size from young coconut waste (YCW). The biochar particle size (A) 4.75 − 2.80 mm; (B) 2.80 − 2.00 mm; (C) 2.00 − 1.00mm; (D) 1.00 − 0.50 mm; (E) < 0.50 mm The treatment units were allocated based on a Completely Randomized Design with three replication. The results showed that the chemical characteristic of biochar particle size from YCW has a significant on electrical conductivity, liming potential, proximate analysis, CEC, cation base, C Inorganic, and C Organic. The best characteristics of biochar particle size from YCw is < 0.50 mm on pH (10.09 units), EC (1.11 dS m−1), liming potential (7.11 %), proximate analysis (34.5% moisture; 57.77% volatile matter); CEC (780.69 mmol kg−1), cation base (393.49 K; 430.31 Ca; 124.37 Mg and 173.42 mmol kg−1 Na); GInorganic (0.376 g kg−1), COraganic (17.93 g kg−1). With the best particle size of biochar YCw using 0.5 mm − 2 mm.
The role of mycoSilvi and silvicultural treatment towards the growth of Albizia chinensis in post-mining area
Authors: Sahara N , Budi S W , Wibowo C
Published: January 2022

Open-pit mining causes decreased soil quality, low land carrying capacity, and reduced soil fertility, chemical properties, and soil texture. This study aimed to identify the chemical properties of the soil and analyze the growth response of Albizia chinensis against the most optimal combination of MycoSilvi and silvicultural treatment. In this study, a randomized block design consisting of two factors, namely MycoSilvi and silviculture was applied. Each treatment was repeated five times. The results showed that the interaction of Mycosilvi and post-planting soil tillage treatment (M1D1P0) and the interaction of MycoSilvi, post-planting soil tillage, and compost fertilizer (M1D1P1) obtained the best results in terms of height and diameter, with a significant increase of 83.16% and 115.94% compared to control plants, respectively. In addition, the combination of Mycosilvi and silvicultural treatment exhibited the highest mean number of spores. In general, AMF denoted a favorable percentage of root colonization with an average of 30.62-46.96%. Furthermore, pH in the combination of post-planting soil tillage and compost fertilizer (C0D1P1) 3.66 was higher than in the control (C0D0P0) 3.10 and the P-available soil in the combination of MycoSilvi, post-planting soil tillage, and compost fertilizer (M1D1P1) was greater 45.3 ppm than control on post-silica sand mining land.
Ex-situ conservation and diversity index of greened ex-tin mine
Authors: Ang L H , Ho W M , Tang L K
Published: January 2022

The greened ex-tin mine comprises planted timber species of Acacia mangium, Hopea odorata and Khaya ivorensis. The ex-tin mine was formerly a lowland dipterocarps mixed forest. The man-made forest was established at 4 x 5 m spacing or 500 stem/ha on slime tailings. However, high mortality of the timber species due to damages by wild pigs and farm animals have reduced the plantation of 3.2 ha to only 93 stems of Acacia mangium, 92 stems of Hopea odorata and 130 stems of Khaya ivorensis at 20 years after planting. The regeneration covering the planting line was kept and the planting spaces in-between the planting lines were cleared for planting of another 14 species of endemic, endangered and threatened tree species (EETS). The ex-situ conservation program of planting 1500 stems of EETS to the 3 ha site was sponsored by Asian Forest Cooperation Organization (AFoCO). The 100% vegetation survey was carried out 4 years after planting. The species richness, Shannon diversity index and species evenness were computed for the nurse stand, and the nurse stands with EETS. The results obtained for species richness, Shannon Index (H) and Shannon Evenness index (EH) of the nurse stand and nurse stand with EETS was 24, 1.46, 0.46 and 38, 2.30, 0.63, respectively. The nurse stand with EETS has increased in species richness, H and EH of nurse stand to 58%. and 36.9%, respectively. More importantly, none of the introduced EETS was found in the composition of the natural regeneration of the 20 years old nurse stand. The 21 species naturally regenerated in the nurse stand were an only pioneer and late pioneer species. This shows that ex-tin mine after the reclamation efforts of planting timber species and the natural regeneration will not be able to regain the initial species composition of a lowland dipterocarps forest. The domestication technology of EETS developed in this project is reproducible. The project has successfully preserved the 14 EETS and the site shall be a demonstration plot for the future seed production area.
In situ conservation efforts of kilemo (Litsea cubeba L. Persoon) in Dieng Plateau
Authors: Heryati Y , Agustarini R , Karlina E
Published: January 2022

Kilemo (Litsea cubeba L. Persoon) is an endemic species in Indonesia, spread in the mountains of Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan. This species is classified as a Non Timber Forest Product because it produces essential oils from several parts of the tree, such as leaves, fruits, flowers and bark. They were generally used as traditional medicine, perfume and organic pesticides. Essential oil of kilemo is traded under the name Litsea cubeba oil or Maychang oil. Unfortunately, the raw material for Maychang oil has been obtained from natural forests, not from cultivation. Continuous exploitation without cultivation efforts will threaten the existence of this endemic species. In the past, kilemo was one of the endemic plants in the Dieng Plateau, but now it isn’t easy to find the existence of kilemo. The study aimed to determine the growth of kilemo planted under Eucalyptus stands at three different spacings in a protected forest area at Dieng RPH, Wonosobo. The design used was Block Random Design with five replications. Each replication consisted of 20 plants. The seeds come from Ciwidey, Bandung, West Java. The results showed that one-year-old kilemo planted at a spacing of 5 x 5 m showed the best growth with an average height of 118.66 m, diameter 9.49 mm and 69% survival rate.
Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and bionanomaterial membrane applications on chemical properties of peat soils
Authors: Istikorini Y , Nurhafifah  , Hartoyo A P P , Solikhin A , Octiaviani E A
Published: January 2022

Peat soils have low fertility and are very acidic. Applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and bionanomaterial membranes (BNMs) have high potentials to alter soil pH. However, both applications have never been applied, especially in peat soils. This research aimed to analyze the effect of PGPR and BNMs applications on the chemical properties of peat soils in agroforestry sites. The method used was the sampling of disturbed peat soil. The results showed that after the application of dolomite, manure, PGPR and BNMs, pH values change from very acidic (3.60) to slightly alkaline (7.65), CN ratio from very low (1.20) to high (16), C-organic still very high (43.47%), N-total from very low (1.20%) to very high (1.47%), P-potential from moderate (26.18 mg/100g) to very high (3764.04 mg/100g), Ca-dd from low (4.11 cmol/Kg) to very high (31.59 cmol/kg), K-dd still very high (1.24 cmol/Kg), Mg-dd from high (3.72 cmol/Kg) to very high (23.68 cmol/Kg), Al-dd from very high (5.66 cmol/kg) to low (<0.05 cmol/kg), and base saturation from very low (10.36% ) to very high (100%). The soil fertility was more fertile. The applications of PGPR and BNMs are recommended to improve the peat soil fertility quickly.
Potential of Shorea roxburghii as an important species for greening of an ex-mining land in Klian Intan, Upper Perak
Authors: Zuhaidi Y A , Kamarudin K , Jeyanny V , Fakhri I M , Darshini R
Published: January 2022

Klian Intan was formerly an ex-mining land within Rahman Hydraulic Tin Mining areas comprising remaining slime tailings of heterogeneous soil physical and chemical characteristics. A collaboration between Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and Rahman Hydraulic Tin (RHT) was vital to establish a model plantation for rehabilitation of ex-mining lands. Soil reclamation was done by layering with mineral and topsoil, adding hydrated lime. Furthermore, planting and observing on the survival rates and total heights ofShorea roxburghii.Based on the results, this species showed a survival rate of 97%. In terms of total heights, this species showed an average mean of 2.75 m with periodic height growth increment at 0.94 m. Planting trees in ex-mining areas are very challenging due to degraded conditions, however, based on this study with modified soil conditions,S. roxburghiishowed a good response in terms of survival. Silvicultural treatments including manuring at 4 months interval, green pruning up to 5 m height, and selected slashing and climber cuttings continues for at least 5 years period before handing over to RHT. The silvicultural regime must be a continuous effort in supporting the tree growth to develop viable good stands for afforestation in ex-mining lands.
Reassessment of peatland fires in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Hayasakaand H , Putra E I
Published: January 2022

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was used to explain fire occurrences in Indonesia’s peatlands until 2018. However, the severely spread of 2019 fires although there was no El Nino event (Niño 3.4=-0.04, neutral) in a year, urged us to reassess the peat fires using reliable data and scientific knowledge. Here, we did a series of reassessments of peatland fires in Central Kalimantan by using various data and knowledge about fire, including weather, groundwater levels (GWL), air pollutants, and other parameters related to fire. The reassessment is expected to help respond to peatland fires under rapid climate change. A recent study by the authors has shown the effectiveness of the use of the OLR-MC index as an alternative to ENSO and the peatland fire reassessment model (MODEL-0) based on groundwater level (GWL). As a result of reassessing the generation of various air pollutants from the 2002 fire using MODEL-0, we clearly showed that the air pollutants from the peat components increased rapidly with the onset of the deep peat fire. The findings obtained in this paper are expected to be useful in responding to peatland fires under climate change.
The Chemical Properties of Burnt Peat Soil in Teluk Bakung Village, West Kalimantan
Authors: Putri C S , Saharjo B H , Wasis B
Published: January 2022

Peatland is one of Indonesia’s unique ecosystems and has various functions in maintaining environmental stability. The increasing demand for land in various sectors has led to activities in peat areas. Land conversion and sub-optimal management of peatland can affect the properties of the peat. This study aims to analyze the chemical properties of peat soil on four land management areas in Teluk Bakung Village, West Kalimantan. The areas were rubber stand, burnt land, taro plantation with non-burning land management, and taro plantation with burnt land management. The method used was purposive sampling with a set of five points as soil sampling within the plot measuring 20 m x 100 m. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 0 – 10 cm at each site. Then, the soil samples were evenly composited for further analysis in the laboratory. The results of the study showed that the parameters of the chemical properties at each site had various values. Burnt land had higher N, P, K, Na, and CEC values. Meanwhile, the highest pH, Ca, and Mg values were in taro plantations with non-burning land management. Then, the highest ash content values were in taro plantation with burnt land management. For the value of C-organic, rubber stand had the highest percentage compared to the other land conditions.
Analysis of the distribution of hotspot and burn area in Muaro Jambi district, Jambi Province
Authors: Ayuningrum R , Nurhayati A D
Published: January 2022

Jambi Province is one of the fire-prone provinces in Indonesia. One of the districts in Jambi Province that experiences forest and land fires in Muaro Jambi. The objective of this study was to analyze hotspots and burned areas in the Muaro Jambi District in 2015 and 2019. The data used in this study were hotspots and spatial information on burned areas from MODIS Terra/Aqua satellite imagery and rainfall data from BMKG. The results showed that the number of hotspots in 2015 was 2731, with 2.558 hotspots located on peatland. In 2019, hotspot numbers increased by 3321 hotspots, with 3225 hotspots located on peatland. The sub-district that has the highest hotspot number is Kumpeh with 5191 hotspots. The lowest rainfall in 2015 and 2019 was in September. The rainfall in September 2015 was 15.2 mm/month and in September 2019 it was 39.3 mm/month.
Peat fire risk assessment in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
Authors: Hafni D A F , Putra E I , Harahap A A N , Saharjo B H , Graham L , Nurhayati A D , Cochrane M A
Published: January 2022

Decreased rainfall and drought due to the long dry season affecting peat fires in Indonesia. This condition causes a decrease in the groundwater level and peat drought, bringing a dry conditions of peat that are suitable for fires. Our prolonged studies revealed a close relationship between precipitation, groundwater levels, and peat fires. This paper aims to assess the risk of peat fires by applying the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). We used 18-year daily rainfall data (2000–2017), 16-year hotspot data (2002–2017), and 8-year groundwater level data (2010–2017). Our results showed the strong correlation (r = -0.61) between SPI-1 (short term) and the number of fires. The combination of low rainfall. the peat fire occurrences will increase significantly following less SPI-1 value and decreased groundwater levels during the peak of the dry season. A prolonged dry season followed by less rainfall in the normal rainy season will encourage high-intensity peat fires, bring the important of the using of drought patterns for a better risk assessment of future peat fire occurrences.
Have forest and land fires been controlled properly?
Authors: Saharjo B H
Published: January 2022

It is certain that in almost every year forest and land fires in Indonesia will occur, no matter whether it is affected by El-Nino or not. Of course, the negative impacts it causes accompany the fires that occur, such as on health, economic development, social relations, relations between countries, and so on, including the production of greenhouse gas emissions produced during fires, especially on peat land. The results of research and field observations confirm that although the laws and regulations require corporations to construct canal blocks, monitor ground water levels, equip their business areas with fire control facilities and infrastructure, and so on, it turns out that many do not fulfil their obligations. carried out by corporations, including those that often state that they care about the environment the most in the public as well as corporations with investments from abroad. Not to mention what happened on community land where it was proven that the burning was not only a matter of the stomach but had a business nuance, where the fire was no longer 2 ha as legalized for indigenous or traditional communities, but there were already hundreds of ha. This fact confirms that the forest and land fires that occur ensure that not all obligations have been fulfilled and implemented. Not to mention that many district/city or provincial governments are still stuttering in carrying out control activities in the field, as a result of the unavailability of sufficient funds is also not a priority.
Rattan: its role for food-alternative of the community near the peatland areas in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Fambayun R A , Kalima T
Published: January 2022

The rattan existence in the natural habitat is decreasing due to forest and land degradation. On the other hand, an irresponsible extraction of rattan makes its natural condition worsen. At the same time, rattan has an important role in the community subsistence and economically is presumed as a multi-purpose species. The study aimed to examine the role of rattan for food alternatives and how it contributes to the daily life and culture of the community near the peatland areas in Central Kalimantan. The primary and secondary data are collected purposively through field observation and interviews with the local communities in the near peatland areas in two study sites: Mantangai and Katingan in Central Kalimantan. Calamus caesius, C. ornatus, C. trachycoleus, C. javensis, Daemonorops crinita D. fissa, D. angustifolia, and Plectocomiopsis geminiflora are the rattan potentially used as food alternatives. C. ornatus, D. angustifolia, and D. fissa are the preferable rattan used for food by the community near the peatland areas in Central Kalimantan, both for daily and cultural activities.
High yield in moringa for lowland areas was obtained from the Bogor accession
Authors: Mitariastini N L G , Suketi K , Kartika J G
Published: January 2022

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is one of the non-wood forest products. Every part of the Moringa plant can be used as a source of food, medicines, and feed. The purpose of this study was to obtain information regarding the growth and production of several Moringa accessions from Indonesia with different leaves harvesting intervals. The study was conducted in January-June 2016 at the Experimental Garden Sawah Baru, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Dramaga. Experiments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) split-plot with 3 replications. The main plot was the accession with 7 different accessions and the subplot was harvesting interval with two levels, namely 5 and 7 weeks. Accessions used were from Lhokseumawe, Bogor, Solo, Banyuwangi, Tabanan, Central Halmahera, and Palu. Results showed the interaction between Bogor accession of 7-week harvesting intervals had the best ratio of harvested leaflets per harvested leaves. Bogor accession had the best growth and production in the number of leaves and weight of harvested branches. Interval harvesting of 7 weeks delivered the best growth and yields. The use of Bogor accession with 7 weeks harvesting interval is advisable to apply for intensive Moringa cultivation in Bogor or other wet lowlands.