bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Spinal Epidural Hematoma: The Danger Caused by the Misuse of Thrombin-Containing Local Hemostatics
Authors: Ahn Dong Ki , Shin Won Shik , Kim Go We , Koo Ki Hyuk
Published: December 2017

Study Design

Retrospective case-control study.

Purpose

To examine the hypothesis that the misuse of thrombin-containing local hemostatics (TCLH) increases the risk of postoperative spinal epidural hematoma (POSEH).

Overview of Literature

Many studies have focused on hypocoagulability as a risk factor for POSEH. However, there are no prior reports on the increased risk of POSEH in hypercoagulable states.

Methods

Posterior instrumented lumbar spine surgery cases over 2 consecutive years were divided into two groups: a study group (98 patients in whom TCLH was used) and a control group (176 patients in whom TCLH was not used). The excess TCLH matrix that was not associated with blood clot was not removed from the patients in the study group. The senior author decided whether to use TCLH or not. Suction drains were used in all patients. The demographics, coagulation-related factors, and intraoperative factors of the patients in the two groups were analyzed. The development of POSEH was compared between the two groups.

Results

The two groups were homogenous in demographics (age and sex), coagulation-related factors (platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and platelet function analysis), and surgical factors (total blood loss, operation time, blood loss/10 minutes, number of fusion segments, posterolateral fusion/posterior lumbar interbody fusion, and virgin or revision surgery). POSEH developed more frequently in the patients in the study group than in those in the control group (14/98 patients, 14.3% vs. 3/176 patients, 1.7%, respectively; p=0.001; odds ratio, 17.1).

Conclusions

TCLH causes blood clot not only at the edge of damaged vessels but also at the site of extravascular blood. Excess TCLH matrix not associated with blood clot at the epidural space can enhance POSEH development because early clotted hematomas do not drain through suction drains.
A Safe Surgical Procedure for Old Distractive Flexion Injuries of the Subaxial Cervical Spine
Authors: Kawano Osamu , Maeda Takeshi , Mori Eiji , Yugue Itaru , Ueta Takayoshi , Shiba Keiichiro
Published: December 2017

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Purpose

To describe a safe and effective surgical procedure for old distractive flexion (DF) injuries of the subaxial cervical spine.

Overview of Literature

Surgical treatment is required in old cases when a progression of the kyphotic deformity and/or persistent neck pain and/or the appearance of new neurological symptoms are observed. Since surgical treatment is more complicated and dangerous in old cases than in acute distractive-flexion cases, the indications for surgery and the selection of the surgical procedure must be carefully conducted.

Methods

To identify a safe and effective surgical procedure, the procedure selected, reason(s) for its selection, and associated neurological complications were investigated in 13 patients with old cervical DF injuries.

Results

No neurological complications were observed in nine patients (DF stage 2 or 3) who underwent the anterior-posterior-anterior (A-P-A) method and two patients (DF stage 1) who underwent the posterior method. It was initially planned that two patients (DF stage 2) who underwent the P-A method would be treated using the Posterior method alone; however, anterior discectomy was added to the procedure after the development of a severe spinal cord disorder.

Conclusions

The A-P-A method (anterior discectomy, posterior release and/or partial facetectomy, reduction and instrumentation, anterior bone grafting) is considered to be a suitable surgical procedure for old cervical DF injuries.
Assessment of the Relationship between Pelvic Tilt and the Sacro-Femoral-Pubic Angle in Middle-Aged and Elderly Asian Individuals
Authors: Kitagawa Takanori , Iizuka Yoichi , Kobayashi Hiroki , Mieda Tokue , Tsunoda Daisuke , Yamamoto Atsushi , Tajika Tsuyoshi , Iizuka Haku , Takagishi Kenji
Published: December 2017

Study Design

Cross-sectional study.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between pelvic tilt (PT) and the sacro-femoral-pubic (SFP) angle, which is easier to identify than PT, in middle-aged and elderly Asian subjects from the general population.

Overview of Literature

Measuring PT is important in the diagnosis and treatment of adult spinal deformity. However, identifying femoral heads, which are necessary to determine PT, using sagittal radiographs is often difficult.

Methods

Standing coronal and sagittal pelvic radiographs of individuals aged more than 50 years were taken during a local medical examination. The subjects were divided into female, male, and total groups at the time of evaluation. Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between PT and the SFP angle, which were obtained from the X-rays.

Results

The present study included 291 subjects. There were no statistically significant differences between the left and right SFP angles, and there was gender difference regarding the SFP angle. However, a gender difference was observed regarding PT. The correlation between PT and the SFP angle was substantiated in each group. Pearson's correlation coefficients between PT and the SFP angle in the total, female, and male groups were 0.696, 0.853, and 0.619, respectively. In the linear regression analysis, PT was calculated as follows: PT=60.1−0.77×(SFP angle) in the total group, PT=62.8−0.80×(SFP angle) in the female group, and PT=51.5−0.64×(SFP angle) in the male group.

Conclusions

A significant correlation between PT and the SFP angle was observed in middle-aged and elderly Asian subjects from the general population.
Prevalence of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain and Its Associated Factors among Middle-Aged and Elderly People: An Analysis Based on Data from a Musculoskeletal Examination in Japan
Authors: Iizuka Yoichi , Iizuka Haku , Mieda Tokue , Tsunoda Daisuke , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Tajika Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Takagishi Kenji
Published: December 2017

Study Design

A cross-sectional study.

Purpose

To clarify the prevalence of chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) and its associated factors among middle-aged and elderly Japanese individuals using data from a musculoskeletal examination conducted in general Japanese populations.

Overview of Literature

Most studies evaluating low back pain-associated factors have been conducted in Western countries, but they have not always evaluated CNSLBP.

Methods

We obtained data on 213 subjects aged >50 years who responded to a survey regarding age, gender, body mass index, lifestyle-related diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia), glucocorticoid use, smoking and alcohol-drinking habits, labor intensity, and chronic low back pain (CLBP) and underwent screening for lumbar spinal stenosis, evaluation for quality of life (QOL), and evaluation for specific spinal pathology via thoracolumbar spine X-rays. We investigated the prevalence of CNSLBP and association between CNSLBP and measured variables.

Results

The prevalence of CNSLBP and chronic specific low back pain (CSLBP) was 15.4% and 9.3%, respectively. Among the subjects with CLBP, 62.2% had CNSLBP. In age-adjusted logistic models, smoking habits (p=0.049, odds ratio [OR]=2.594), low back pain (p<0.001, OR=0.974), lumbar function (p=0.001, OR=0.967), and social function (p=0.023, OR=0.976) in the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) were significantly associated with CNSLBP, whereas EQ-5D utility score (p=0.024, OR=0.068), low back pain (p=0.007, OR=0.981), lumbar function (p=0.001, OR=0.963), walking ability (p=0.001, OR=0.968), and social function (p=0.002, OR=0.966) in JOABPEQ were significantly associated with CSLBP.

Conclusions

CNSLBP among middle-aged and elderly individuals was associated with smoking habits and decreased QOL; however, CSLBP was considered to be more multilaterally associated decreased QOL.
Impact of Sickle Cell Trait and Naturally Acquired Immunity on Uncomplicated Malaria after Controlled Human Malaria Infection in Adults in Gabon
Authors: Lell Bertrand , Mordmüller Benjamin , Dejon Agobe Jean-Claude , Honkpehedji Josiane , Zinsou Jeannot , Mengue Juliana Boex , Loembe Marguerite Massinga , Adegnika Ayola Akim , Held Jana , Lalremruata Albert , Nguyen The Trong , Esen Meral , KC Natasha , Ruben Adam J. , Chakravarty Sumana , Lee Sim B. Kim , Billingsley Peter F. , James Eric R. , Richie Thomas L. , Hoffman Stephen L. , Kremsner Peter G.
Published: December 2017

Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) by direct venous inoculation (DVI) with 3,200 cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ) consistently leads to parasitemia and malaria symptoms in malaria-naive adults. We used CHMI by DVI to investigate infection rates, parasite kinetics, and malaria symptoms in lifelong malaria–exposed (semi-immune) Gabonese adults with and without sickle cell trait. Eleven semi-immune Gabonese with normal hemoglobin (IA), nine with sickle cell trait (IS), and five nonimmune European controls with normal hemoglobin (NI) received 3,200 PfSPZ by DVI and were followed 28 days for parasitemia by thick blood smear (TBS) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and for malaria symptoms. End points were time to parasitemia and parasitemia plus symptoms. PfSPZ Challenge was well tolerated and safe. Five of the five (100%) NI, 7/11 (64%) IA, and 5/9 (56%) IS volunteers developed parasitemia by TBS, and 5/5 (100%) NI, 9/11 (82%) IA, and 7/9 (78%) IS by qPCR, respectively. The time to parasitemia by TBS was longer in IA (geometric mean 16.9 days) and IS (19.1 days) than in NA (12.6 days) volunteers (P = 0.016, 0.021, respectively). Five of the five, 6/9, and 1/7 volunteers with parasitemia developed symptoms (P = 0.003, NI versus IS). Naturally adaptive immunity (NAI) to malaria significantly prolonged the time to parasitemia. Sickle cell trait seemed to prolong it further. NAI plus sickle cell trait, but not NAI alone, significantly reduced symptom rate. Twenty percent (4/20) semi-immunes demonstrated sterile protective immunity. Standardized CHMI with PfSPZ Challenge is a powerful tool for dissecting the impact of innate and naturally acquired adaptive immunity on malaria.
Are Infants Less than 6 Months of Age a Neglected Group for Anemia Prevention in Low-Income Countries?
Authors: Moraleda Cinta , Rabinovich N. Regina , Menéndez Clara
Published: December 2017

Anemia is a major public health problem that affects mainly children, predominantly in low-income countries and most often due to iron deficiency (ID). Administration of iron supplements to prevent and treat ID anemia in malaria endemic areas has been controversial for decades; however, recent World Health Organization guidelines recommend universal iron supplementation for children in highly prevalent anemia settings, including those where malaria is endemic. However, infants younger than 6 months of age have been exempted from this recommendation because ID is not considered prevalent at this age and because of assumptions—without evidence—that they are protected from ID through breast milk. To achieve full impact of anemia prevention targeting infants less than 6 months of age who are at highest risk of ID, operational studies that conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of delivering iron supplements to young infants in settings with a high burden of infectious diseases, including malaria, are needed.
Impact Evaluation of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention under Routine Program Implementation: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Burkina Faso
Authors: Druetz Thomas , Corneau-Tremblay Nicolas , Millogo Tieba , Kouanda Seni , Ly Antarou , Bicaba Abel , Haddad Slim
Published: December 2017

Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) for children < 5 is a strategy that is gaining popularity in West African countries. Although its efficacy to reduce malaria incidence has been demonstrated in trials, the effects of SMC implemented in routine program conditions, outside of experimental contexts, are unknown. In 2014 and 2015, a survey was conducted in 1,311 households located in Kaya District (Burkina Faso) where SMC had been recently introduced. All children < 72 months were tested for malaria and anemia. A pre–post study with control group was designed to measure SMC impact during high transmission season. A difference-in-differences approach was coupled in the analysis with propensity score weighting to control for observable and time-invariant nonobservable confounding factors. SMC reduced the parasitemia point and period prevalence by 3.3 and 24% points, respectively; this translated into protective effects of 51% and 62%. SMC also reduced the likelihood of having moderate to severe anemia by 32%, and history of recent fever by 46%. Self-reported coverage for children at the first cycle was 83%. The SMC program was successfully added to a package of interventions already in place. To our knowledge, with prevalence < 10% during the peak of the transmission season, this is the first time that malaria can be reported as hypo-endemic in a sub-Sahelian setting in Burkina Faso. SMC has great potential, and along with other interventions, it could contribute to approaching the threshold where elimination strategies will be envisioned in Burkina Faso.
Spontaneously Arrested Transmission of Cysticercosis in a Highly Endemic Village with a Very Low Migration Rate
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , O’Neal Seth E. , Dorny Pierre , García Héctor H.
Published: December 2017

Taenia solium cysticercosis is difficult to eliminate without interventions or societal development. Atahualpa is a rural Ecuadorian village with documented low migration rate, where domestic pig raising is common and human cysticercosis is endemic. To assess neurocysticercosis (NCC) prevalence, 1,273 villagers aged ≥ 20 years underwent neuroimaging studies, which showed calcified lesions in 121 (9.5%) individuals, but no active disease. Likewise, positive reactions, apparently nonspecific, were found in only 3/200 subjects by the use of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect T. solium antigens in urine. Only 2/418 pigs reacted to three antibody bands on serum western blot and none to more than three bands. This is the first time that spontaneously arrested T. solium transmission is documented in a known endemic village. Understanding why active transmission stopped could provide insights on potential targets for control interventions. Atahualpa could provide an optimal scenario for longitudinal studies on the consequences of calcified NCC.
Impact of Enhanced Health Interventions for United States–Bound Refugees: Evaluating Best Practices in Migration Health
Authors: Mitchell Tarissa , Lee Deborah , Weinberg Michelle , Phares Christina , James Nicola , Amornpaisarnloet Kittisak , Aumpipat Lalita , Cooley Gretchen , Davies Anita , Tin Shwe Valerie Daw , Gajdadziev Vasil , Gorbacheva Olga , Khwan-Niam Chutharat , Klosovsky Alexander , Madilokkowit Waritorn , Martin Diana , Htun Myint Naing Zaw , Yen Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Nutman Thomas B. , O’Connell Elise M. , Ortega Luis , Prayadsab Sugunya , Srimanee Chetdanai , Supakunatom Wasant , Vesessmith Vattanachai , Stauffer William M.
Published: December 2017

With an unprecedented number of displaced persons worldwide, strategies for improving the health of migrating populations are critical. United States–bound refugees undergo a required overseas medical examination to identify inadmissible conditions (e.g., tuberculosis) 2–6 months before resettlement, but it is limited in scope and may miss important, preventable infectious, chronic, or nutritional causes of morbidity. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and health impact of diagnosis and management of such conditions before travel. We offered voluntary testing for intestinal parasites, anemia, and hepatitis B virus infection, to U.S.-bound refugees from three Thailand–Burma border camps. Treatment and preventive measures (e.g., anemia and parasite treatment, vaccination) were initiated before resettlement. United States refugee health partners received overseas results and provided post-arrival medical examination findings. During July 9, 2012 to November 29, 2013, 2,004 refugees aged 0.5–89 years enrolled. Among 463 participants screened for seven intestinal parasites overseas and after arrival, helminthic infections decreased from 67% to 12%. Among 118 with positive Strongyloides-specific antibody responses, the median fluorescent intensity decreased by an average of 81% after treatment. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL) was halved from 14% at baseline to 7% at departure (McNemar P = 0.001). All 191 (10%) hepatitis B–infected participants received counseling and evaluation; uninfected participants were offered vaccination. This evaluation demonstrates that targeted screening, treatment, and prevention services can be conducted during the migration process to improve the health of refugees before resettlement. With more than 250 million migrants globally, this model may offer insights into healthier migration strategies.
Schistosoma haematobium Egg Excretion does not Increase after Exercise: Implications for Diagnostic Testing
Authors: Coulibaly Jean T. , Andrews Jason R. , Lo Nathan C. , N’Goran Eliézer K. , Utzinger Jürg , Keiser Jennifer , Bogoch Isaac I.
Published: December 2017

Children are frequently invited to exercise before micturition, as it is believed that this activity will result in higher Schistosoma haematobium egg excretion, and hence, increases sensitivity of microscopic diagnoses. However, the evidence of this recommendation is scant. In the study presented here, 257 children, aged 2–15 years from south Côte d’Ivoire, provided urine samples for microscopy on consecutive days; one sample without prior exercise and one sample after exercise. Comparing the same individuals without and with prior exercise, sample positivity for S. haematobium (25.7% versus 23.0%, P = 0.31) and mean egg counts (10.2 eggs/10 mL versus 8.5 eggs/10 mL, P = 0.45) did not differ. Exercise before urine collection does not appear to increase S. haematobium egg excretion.
Contrapuntal Significations in Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman
Authors: Ifatimehin Olagoke Olorunleke
Published: December 2017

Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman has been widely acclaimed as a great example of African tragedy. It is, in fact, the dramatic aggregation of Soyinka's treatise in Myth, Literature and the African World. Hence, the play is most often 'read' in the lights of its 'difference' from western notions of the tragic, the place of ritual in African drama and the interface of myth and history in creating drama, among others. As a result of these, and influenced largely by the author's note on the play, Death and the King's Horseman is rarely considered as a play on the 'clash of cultures', which is usually viewed as a 'reductionist' orientation or reading. This article, however, engages the text from the purview of cultural clash in order to apprehend the very catalyst that sparks the tragic concerns in it. By applying deconstructionist reading upon the text, the paper plies on the horizon of contrapuntality and alterity to reveal significations which hint at the difference in cultural worldviews as the essence of the tragedy that is Death and the King's Horseman. It also suggests that such a reading enriches, rather than reduces, the textuality and significations of the play beyond pseudo-scientific taxonomies.Keywords: Deconstruction, Wole Soyinka, Contrapuntality, Alterity, Significations
Mock Hunting, Music and Visual Art Forms in Ade u: A Northern Ewe Hunters' Dance-Drumming Ritual in Ghana
Authors: Amlor Martin Q.
Published: December 2017

Indigenous music in African cultures is strictly performed within the cultural matrixes of the people. The northern Ewe, like their other African neighbours, regard music as life because of their beliefs that are deeply rooted in religious, psychological and philosophical themes that support their daily activities and also provide solutions to their problems. Since their indigenous music making is also embedded in their social, political, religious and economic activities, one major music genre that supports personal and economic activities of adelawo (hunters) to provide 'bush meat' for consumption in their communities is ade? u, a hunters' dance-drumming ritual. This article, therefore, attempts to find out what ade? u is, its mode of performance, cultural role(s), and to further explain why visual art forms are incorporated into its performance. The study uses historical-analytic, iconic cultural, musical notation and participant observation methods to engage the issues it sets for itself.Keywords: Indigenous music, Initiation ritual, Ade? u, Dancedrumming, visual art forms
Prevalence of Ritual Images in Yoruba Nollywood Films and the Perception of Contemporary Society
Authors: Elegbe Olugbenga
Published: December 2017

Studies have shown that a majority of Nollywood movies are a reflection of the Nigerian people's traditional and cultural performances. This study posits that these themes are always explored to reinforce the existing cultural values and beliefs in the society. It is against this backdrop that this the study examined the influence of ritual images in three selected Yoruba Nollywood films; Okanran (2014), Alani Pamolekun (2015) and Ija Yemoja (2016) on the viewers and the applicability to solve real life problems. Employing the content analysis and survey technique, evidence shows that the audience are exposed to the prevalence of ritual images such as; charms, sacrifice, incantation, spell, concoction, wands, totems, shrines and other ritual performances in Yoruba films. The sampled audience observed that the projection of ritualism in Yoruba Nollywood movies is overemphasized as the reality of such practice is not so common in real life situations. Hence, there is a need for film producers to censor the overemphasis of certain cultural themes as these may somewhat be at the detriment of film audience and their perception of reality.Keywords: Ritual images, Audience, Reception, Yoruba Nollywood movies
An Overview of Somatics (Body-Mind) Approaches in Dance Therapy
Authors: Akapo Samson S.
Published: December 2017

Dance has been a huge part of the human cultures long before civilization, however, with time, extensive use of dance beyond entertainment and ritual evolved, one of which is dance therapy. Dance therapy, a branch of creative therapy, has been a very relevant field of study for quite some time. Aboriginals have always used this medium as a way to help individuals through physical, spiritual and psychological challenges which is evident in shamanistic practices. The field of dance therapy has been expanding and around WWII, the work of psychoanalytic pioneers such as Freud and Jung made their mark on it. Afterward, Mary Starks Whitehouse, who would become a Jungian analyst, developed a process called “movement-in-depth” based on her knowledge of dance, movement and depth psychology. This form of dance therapy is also known as 'authentic movement', a process where patients dance their feelings about an internal image that provides insight into issues in their past or current life. Somatic studies promote claims that the human body and mind work together to form a composite structure. Hence, somatic studies have had significant influence on dance since the 1970s when dancers and choreographers sought newer ways to incorporate “body-mind concept” into dance training which has worked successfully in the area of therapy. Beyond its fundamental function, which is entertainment, this article explores the use of dance in therapeutic settings with emphasis on the approaches of two pioneers of dance therapy: Marian Chace and Mary Starks Whitehouse, stating how their works reside, particularly, within the confines of somatic studies.Keywords: Dance, Somatics, Dance therapy, Marian Chace, Mary Starks Whitehouse,
From the Theatre Phase to the Media Space: Interrogating the Vocational Odyssey of Yemi Ogunbiyi
Authors: Olusunle Tunde
Published: December 2017

This article attempts an examination of the variegated professional career of Yemi Ogunbiyi (YO), one of the most prominent shapers of the contemporary media practice in Nigeria and his contributions to Nigerian theatre scholarship; literary criticism and new journalism in Nigeria. It traces his vocational origins as a theatre scholar and practitioner, through his venture into journalism, as an innovator and seasoned administrator in two of Nigeria's largest newspaper conglomerates in their time, Guardian Newspapers Limited and the Daily Times of Nigeria Plc, and his more recent endeavours in public relations, advertising and publishing. Employing historical-analytic method, this article interrogates the career and enterprise of YO, a scholar, former university teacher, journalist, administrator, public relations doyen and publisher, in order to properly situate his contributions to these professions and to national development.Keywords: YO, Nigerian theatre scholarship, Media practice, Nigeria, National development
From Traditional Institutions to Community Based Influencers: The Dynamics of Communicating Development in Rural Communities
Authors: Gana Emmanuel Tsadu
Published: December 2017

Development interventions in rural communities have over the years, been hinged on locating and involving various community stakeholders in the process of planning and implementation of development projects. While the emphasis has always been on the inclusion of community based organization/groups and traditional institutions in interventions as key to ensuring ownership of projects, this paper argues that there are also individuals in communities, i.e., community based influencers (CBI) that have the capacity to function as pivotal voices in the task of ensuring the actualisation of development interventions (DIs). Drawing from different experiences of community development interventions in Giwa Local Government of Kaduna State and Akko Local Government in Gombe State, this paper examines the role and dynamics of both Traditional Institutions and Community Based Individuals in the quest to ensure ownership, actualization of development initiatives, and the sustainability of such projects. The paper, therefore, proposes that certain individuals within communities just like traditional institutions/rulers are very important to the process of engaging with communities and as such, careful consideration should be taken in identifying and including such individuals in the process of communicating development.Keywords: Community development, Popular culture, Traditional rulers, CBI, Dis
La evaluación orientada al aprendizaje en un modelo de formación por competencias en la educación universitaria
Authors: Fernández March Amparo
Published: December 2017

En este artículo se presenta una reflexión sobre el cambio de paradigma educativo que supone la formación por competencias y, sus repercusiones en la evaluación para promover el aprendizaje y para constatar la calidad del mismo.

La evaluación en la formación por competencias pasa por considerar que el objeto de la evaluación no son sólo los conocimientos adquiridos sino también, y hasta diría que sobre todo, las competencias desarrolladas por los estudiantes. Para ayudarnos a hacer esta transición, Tardif (2006) propone ver la evaluación de competencias como un planteamiento videográfico y no fotográfico. En efecto, no se trata tanto de emitir un juicio al final del trayecto como de seguir la progresión del desarrollo de competencias. En este sentido, la evaluación formativa, que informa al estudiante sobre la progresión de su aprendizaje, es un elemento esencial de todo dispositivo de evaluación en una formación por competencias (Scallon, 2000). La evaluación de competencias se basa entonces en el acceso a fuentes múltiples y variadas de información con el fin de determinar si los estudiantes han alcanzado el nivel esperado de desarrollo de competencias, así como un grado suficiente de dominio de los recursos vinculados a cada competencia.

Se plantean unos criterios básicos a tener en cuenta para la evaluación del desarrollo de competencias, así como un modelo de planificación. Se ofrecen estrategias evaluativas que hagan posible el desarrollo de competencias, tales como el feedback de calidad, la autoevaluación o la evaluación de compañeros, y estrategias evaluativas de las competencias.

Por último, se analiza el papel de las rúbricas para lograr una evaluación educativa de calidad y útil tanto para los estudiantes como para el profesorado.
Las prioridades de la investigación en los campus europeos
Authors: Morcillo Sánchez Esteban J.
Published: December 2017

Frente a la globalización, la internacionalización de la universidad es una parte esencial de la solución como factor para su desarrollo sostenible a través de estrategias de innovación abierta y por tanto una prioridad en los campus europeos bien contemplada en la reciente Ley de la Ciencia y los Campus de Excelencia Internacional como parte de la Estrategia Universidad 2015. El acceso a la financiación pública competitiva disponible en los fondos europeos es importante en términos de prioridades de investigación, precisamente en un contexto restrictivo de financiación nacional y autonómica. La atracción internacional de talento y posicionarnos en las grandes áreas de investigación percibidas como prioridades sociales y económicas son asimismo necesidades estratégicas que cuentan con amplio consenso y se plasman en las conocidas grandes áreas temáticas de los programas europeos, siempre con la sensibilidad hacia la consolidación de la cultura de las ciencias de la educación si queremos también avanzar en la armonización del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. La sostenibilidad de nuestros sistema de ciencia, tecnología e innovación dependerá de los retornos de los programas marco en el marco del Espacio Europeo Integrado de la Innovación, la Investigación y la Educación, y la cooperación integrada de todos los componentes del sistema con la administración y el tejido empresarial para asegurar nuestro futuro como sociedad en el modelo social europeo.

 

 
Referencial, un instrumento para la evaluación y acreditación de las competencias desarrolladas a través del Practicum del Máster de Secundaria
Authors: Sarmiento Campos José Antonio , Cid Sabucedo Alfonso , Pérez Abellás Adolfo
Published: December 2017

El referencial es un instrumento para la evaluación, acreditación y certificación de competencias implementado modularmente en la plataforma virtual MOODLE. Con una estructura jerárquica y anidada, puede integrar desde el perfil competencial de una profesión hasta las unidades de competencia que conforman las competencias generales de cada uno de los dominios profesionales específicos. Mediante este instrumento es posible establecer una relación entre las competencias que conforman el Practicum de una carrera y las actividades y tareas propuestas tanto por el supervisor como por el tutor y que servirán para generar evidencias que permitan la evaluación de las referidas competencias.  Además, el referencial de competencias soporta todas las actividades implementadas  y disponibles en MOODLE, por lo que pueden ser utilizadas para la evaluación competencial, yendo, así, más allá de las tradicionales memorias de Practicum.

 

 
El prácticum como espacio de aprendizaje profesional para docentes en formación
Authors: Latorre Medina María José , Blanco Encomienda Francisco Javier
Published: December 2017

Las lecciones extraídas del pasado dejan claro, por un lado, que el prácticum, además de una materia troncal de gran significación y relevancia para los futuros docentes, responde a un periodo estratégico del proceso de socialización profesional. Por otro, que el prácticum brinda al estudiante una experiencia de gran potencial formativo desde la que se puede y debe construir el conocimiento y las competencias profesionales que se necesitan para el ejercicio de la docencia. Sin embargo, pese a los esfuerzos realizados en los últimos años para incrementar la profesionalidad de los maestros desde la formación práctica universitaria, se continúan apreciando deficiencias que obstaculizan la explotación de este periodo formativo. Asumiendo que la formación práctica que se reciba durante la carrera va a determinar en gran medida el desempeño eficaz de la profesión docente, pensamos que ésta es una cuestión relevante en el momento actual de cambio que vive la Universidad, sobre todo, cuando se trata de incrementar la calidad del prácticum y de superar sus limitaciones. El presente trabajo hace suya esta premisa, profundizando en el estudio de dos indicadores que, de acuerdo con la literatura, ayudan a comprender mejor el prácticum, resultando de gran utilidad para su óptimo desarrollo como un espacio valioso de aprendizaje profesional: dilucidar cuáles son las funciones y tareas profesorales que los estudiantes pueden y deben realizar durante su estancia en los centros de prácticum y cuáles los conocimientos prácticos a adquirir en el transcurso de este periodo. 

 

 
El uso del campus virtual en el practicum de psicopedagogía: un enfoque constructivista y sociocultural
Authors: Barrachina Llorenç Andreu , Mayordomo Saiz Rosa M. , Espasa Roca Anna , Bautista Pérez Gillermo
Published: December 2017

En éste trabajo se presenta la organización y seguimiento del prácticum en el marco de una universidad virtual. Desde una visión constructivista y sociocultural de la enseñanza, del aprendizaje y de la evaluación, la propuesta plantea un modelo de prácticum de la licenciatura de 2º ciclo de Psicopedagogía,  que conjuga  la tutorización y el seguimiento del trabajo de los estudiantes en el centro de prácticas simultáneamente con un trabajo de reflexión sobre la práctica que se lleva a cabo en el aula del campus virtual. La aplicación de esta metodología aporta muchos beneficios formativos para los estudiantes puesto que garantiza la adquisición de destrezas propias de la intervención psicopedagógica en un contexto determinado conjuntamente con la reflexión sobre los contextos, finalidades y objetivos de la intervención psicopedagógica. Las repercusiones, ventajas e inconvenientes de éste modelo de prácticum se analizan teniendo en cuenta también las directrices del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.

ABSTRACT

Using the virtual campus in the practicum of psychopedagogy: a socio-cultural and constructivist approach.

The Practicum  (post-graduate teacher education) is an area critical to the formation of a student to finish college.In the new framework of European Higher Education Area(EHEA),classroom practices have become even more important for the development of the skills required for a particular professional profile. In this paper we present the organization and monitoring of the Practicum as part of a virtual university. From a constructivist and socio-cultural teaching, learning and assessment, the proposal presents a model of practicum of the degree of 2nd cycle of psychopedagogy, which combines mentoring and monitoring the work of students in the training center work simultaneously with a reflection on practice which takes place in the classroom of the virtual campus. The results are analyzed from the satisfaction questionnaire administered to students at the end of each semester, which assesses four areas: overall satisfaction, teaching activities, resources and assessment of learning. The application of this methodology has many benefits for students training as skill acquisition warrants intervention own psychology in context togetherwith reflection on the contexts, purposes and objectives of the psychopedagogy intervention. The implications, advantages and disadvantages of this model of practicum are discussed taking into account the guidelines of the European Higher Education Area.
Modelo tutorial implícito en el Practicum: una aproximación desde la óptica de los tutores
Authors: Martínez Figueira Esther , Raposo Rivas Manuela
Published: December 2017

El periodo de prácticas se define por el grado de reflexión entre teoría y práctica. Durante este tiempo, los futuros profesionales descubrirán la dificultad, y a su vez la importancia de saber unir teoría y práctica recibida, comprobando si estos han aprendido a pasar del conocimiento teórico al práctico. La acción tutorial que desempeña el tutor/a durante este periodo de tiempo es clave ya que, además de comprobar tal transformación, se pone de manifiesto una oportunidad de aprendizaje reflexivo (Cid, Domínguez y Raposo, 1998; Martínez Figueira, 2007; Gutiérrez, et.al., 2009; Martínez y Raposo, 2011). De este modo, la tutoría que se realiza durante el Practicum va más allá que ejercitar unas técnicas determinadas, cumplimentar unos materiales específicos o programar unas tareas.

La finalidad de este artículo es explorar y comprender los inicios del desempeño en la función de tutor/a, el modelo tutorial implícito que desarrolla y, particularmente, las responsabilidades que asume en su desempeño. La información se ha obtenido siguiendo el modelo bifase de Creswell (1994) de corte cualitativo y cuantitativo, con una triangulación secuencial de datos (Morse, 1991), utilizando la entrevista semiestructurada y cuestionario electrónico como técnicas de recogida de información.

Los datos obtenidos muestran que fundamentalmente el tutor/a es un facilitador de la toma de contacto con la futura realidad profesional y que actúa con un modelo basado en el “dejar hacer”. Su principal responsabilidad se basa en promover situaciones de aprendizaje que favorecen el desarrollo formativo del alumnado en prácticas.

 

 
Trabajar con la incertidumbre del mundo laboral: análisis de una experiencia con Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas en Redes de Ordenadores
Authors: Estepa Alonso Rafael , Estepa Alonso Antonio José
Published: December 2017

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una experiencia de aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) con solución abierta en el contexto de ingeniería. El diseño metodológico realizado persigue la similitud con el mundo real minimizando el rechazo de los alumnos y el consumo de recursos humanos y materiales, uno de los inconvenientes a menudo esgrimidos contra el aprendizaje basado en problemas. Los resultados de tres cursos académicos demuestra que la metodología utilizada mejora las capacidades transversales requeridas en el ejercicio de la ingeniería.

 

 
El Prácticum en Educación Infantil, Primaria y Máster de Secundaria.
Authors: López Báez Vanesa
Published: December 2017

Autores: Ramírez Fernández, Santiago; Sánchez Núñez,Christian A.; García Guzmán, Antonio; Latorre Medina ,MªJosé (Coords.)

ISBN:978‐84‐9727‐409‐8

DepósitoLegal:M‐27540-2011

Editorial:EOS

Colección:EOS Universitaria

Año de edición: 2011

Nº Edición: 1ª

Lugar edición: Madrid

Nº páginas: 278

Idioma: Español
El ABP, un enfoque estratégico para la formación en Educación Superior. Aportaciones de un análisis de la formación en Derecho.
Authors: Rué Joan , Font Antoni , Cebrián Gisela
Published: December 2017

Se ha generado un amplio consenso según el cual el aprendizaje basado en problemas permite promover mayores capacidades individuales para “aprender cómo aprender”, algo que nuestros estudiantes van a precisar en su aprendizaje futuro a lo largo de su vida profesional. En el análisis de los datos del caso desarrollado hemos pretendido encontrar argumentos sobre este consenso. Hemos analizado el grado de interés y de motivación para implicarse activamente los estudiantes en el desarrollo de una materia de Derecho, en formato de “proyecto”, y hemos visto el tipo de aprendizaje con el que se orientaron en este desarrollo así como el tipo de autorregulación que desempeñaron a lo largo de su proceso de estudio. Finalmente, se ofrecen tres tipos de argumentos que deberían ser considerados para diseminar propuestas como la que comentamos.

 

 
Impacto del ABP en el Desarrollo de la Habilidad para Formular Preguntas de Aprendizaje en Estudiantes Universitarios
Authors: González Frías María Teresa , Castro López Antelmo
Published: December 2017

Esta investigación se aborda desde la perspectiva cualitativa y buscó indagar en los procesos cognitivos que emplean los alumnos centrando la atención en el desarrollo de la habilidad para preguntar y determinar la contribución del ABP en los niveles de abstracción al hacer preguntas. Los 4 niveles de abstracción son literales (nivel 1), exploratorias (2), cognitivas (3) y metacognitivas (4). En la primera fase el 65% de los estudiantes lograron niveles 1 y 2, mientras que en la última el 80 % alcanzó niveles 3 y 4 y se confirma que el ABP desarrolló la habilidad para hacer preguntas.
Logros en la implementación de modalidades híbridas de ABP
Authors: Morales Bueno Patricia
Published: December 2017

Se reporta los resultados de la evaluación de logros, en diferentes contextos de aprendizaje ABP híbrido en cursos de primer año de ingeniería, de una universidad chilena y una universidad peruana, sobre tres variables fundamentales relacionadas con las metas educativas de la metodología: la motivación de logro desde una perspectiva atribucional, el desarrollo de habilidades para el pensamiento crítico según Test de Halpern y, el tercer nivel de la estructura de conocimiento según el modelo de Sugrue. Se encontró diferencias importantes que se relacionaron directamente con las características del contexto de aprendizaje de cada grupo participante, las cuales fueron determinadas en un estudio cualitativo previo, en el que se tuvo en cuenta aspectos relacionados con el docente, el material didáctico empleado y los estudiantes.
Estudio comparativo y sistemático sobre el desarrollo del personal en universidades europeas y chinas
Authors: Yihong Fan
Published: December 2017

Este artículo es el resumen de un estudio comparativo y sistemático sobre la formación docente, entre universidades chinas y europeas, con el referente de fondo de los estudios sobre las universidades norteamericanas. El enfoque seguido para el análisis conceptual es doble; la perspectiva de Boyer acerca de la multiplicidad de funciones académicas es el primero. El segundo, es un modelo de cuatro dimensiones del desarrollo del profesorado propuesto por la Asociación Nacional Americana de Educación. El enfoque específico de investigación sobre estudios de caso presta atención a los siguientes aspectos: el marco conceptual, el contexto y la política, la estructura organizativa, la propuesta curricular y su desarrollo, el sistema de incentivos y recompensas para el trabajo académico y la evaluación y el efecto de los programas y las futuras tendencias de desarrollo del personal académico. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las prácticas de desarrollo del personal en las universidades europeas con el fin de arrojar luz sobre la próxima fase de las políticas de desarrollo personal y los programas en China.

 

 
La acreditación en las instituciones de educación superior.
Authors: Mas Torelló Óscar
Published: December 2017

Autores: Joaquin Gairín y Martín Bris (Coords)

ISBN: 978‐956‐8584‐03‐0

Edita: Fundación Creando Futuro. CNA‐Chile

Año de edición: 2011

Lugar edición: Santiago de Chile

Nº páginas:  

Idioma: Español
Formas de uma guerra diluída
Authors: Correa Joaquín
Published: December 2017

A revista Arturo colocou em cena, em 1944, o concretismo não representativo nas vanguardas do Prata se enfrentando ao primeiro governo peronista, força representativa por excelência. Daí em diante o debate da representação política com a não representação artística teve algumas emergências significativas. No presente texto se indaga duas possíveis emergências dessa constelação: a revista El Cielo (analisando brevemente o posterior percurso dos seus editores, César Aira e Arturo Carrera) e o trabalho editorial e por vezes clandestino de Rodolfo Walsh no Semanário de la CGT de los argentinos, em Cadena Informativa e no jornal Noticias, de Montoneros. As insurgências populares de 1969, o Cordobazo sobre tudo, transformam de tal modo esses dois percursos que o debate inaugurado em 1944 por Arturo adquire outras derivas.
Para Domingos: as cartas, os amigos, a literatura
Authors: Bastos Laíse Ribas
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho tem como ponto de partida o estudo das cartas recebidas por Domingos Carvalho da Silva, as quais apontam para uma possível configuração de um cenário de amizades e dissidências em torno de uma perspectiva literária e intelectual comum. Trata-se de mapear a heterogeneidade do possível grupo e o problemático projeto envolvendo a produção literária da época a fim de encontrar, portanto, os meios e modos de permanência da literatura conforme apresentada entre as décadas de 1940 e 1960.
Leitura cultural na reportagem literária de Nicolau (1987-1996)
Authors: Horst Scheyla Joanne , Fernandes Márcio Ronaldo Santos
Published: December 2017

O jornal cultural Nicolau circulou no Brasil entre 1987 e 1996, como um projeto viabilizado pela Secretaria de Estado da Cultura do Paraná. Interessa-nos aqui o gênero textual reportagem inserido no meio de comunicação em sua fase inicial. Como recorte neste estudo, analisamos cinco textos assinados pela jornalista Adélia Maria Lopes que pretendem, entre outros aspectos, revelar aos habitantes da capital paranaense, Curitiba, a cultura produzida nos subúrbios da cidade e também nos municípios longínquos. Nosso objetivo é discutir essas produções entendendo que o Jornalismo Literário promove uma união entre força comunicativa e qualidade estética em relatos de não ficção, o que promove uma leitura cultural mais eficiente. Para a análise documental utilizamos autores como Edvaldo Pereira Lima, Sergio Vilas Boas, Rogério Borges,Marcelo Bulhões e Cremilda Medina.
Mulheres na Física: a realidade em dados
Authors: Menezes Débora P.
Published: December 2017

Em dezembro de 2015, foi instituído pela Sociedade Brasileira de Física o Grupo de trabalho sobre Questões de Gênero (GTG), que se debruçou sobre dados envolvendo a participação de meninas e mulheres no universo da física. Dois momentos temporais distintos foram analisados: uma etapa na adolescência, quando as meninas participam das Olimpíadas Brasileiras de Física e uma etapa na vida profissional de pesquisadoras com carreiras consolidadas, que possuem bolsas de produtividade do CNPq. Com relação à primeira etapa, nossos estudos mostram claramente um declínio no percentual de meninas premiadas desde o 8° ano do ensino fundamental até o 3° no ensino médio, indicando um quadro associado ao que se chama efeito tesoura, presente antes mesmo da decisão por uma carreira científica.  Com relação à segunda etapa, nossos dados mostram que o perfil dos pesquisadores bolsistas de física e astronomia é bastante semelhante no que concerne ao gênero, mas apenas um terço do percentual de mulheres pesquisadoras filiadas às Sociedade Brasileira de Física e Sociedade Astronômica Brasileira possuem bolsa, um quadro que permanece estático há mais de uma década.