bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zofia Lissa vs Roman Ingarden. Sprawa tożsamości dzieła muzycznego
Authors: Kolinek-Siechowicz Karolina , Siechowicz Paweł
Published: December 2020

Artykuł stanowi krytyczną rekonstrukcję polemiki muzykolożki Zofii Lissy z filozofem Romanem Ingardenem z 1966 roku dotyczącą ontologii dzieła muzycznego. Autorzy przedstawiają lwowski kontekst znajomości obojga badaczy, przypominają główne tezy teorii dzieła muzycznego Ingardena, a także podsumowują krytyczne uwagi Lissy i udzielone na nie odpowiedzi Ingardena. Prezentacja ta pozwala na zrozumienie odmiennych celów, które przyświecały rozważaniom filozofa i recepcji jego poglądów przez muzykolożkę. Podczas gdy Ingarden starał się zrozumieć specyficzny sposób istnienia dzieł muzycznych, Lissa zgłaszała potrzebę przemyślenia ontologii muzyki w przypadku tych rodzajów i tradycji muzycznych, do których nie przystaje kategoria dzieła. Na zakończenie autorzy podsumowują recepcję omawianej polemiki w tekstach polskich filozofów, muzykologów i teoretyków muzyki, zauważając, że metodologiczne różnice wciąż skłaniają badaczy do przyznawania racji jednej ze stron sporu. Aby produktywnie rozwinąć myśl filozofa w kierunku wskazanym wątpliwościami Lissy, trzeba najpierw zrozumieć, na czym polegało ich nieporozumienie.
Traktat architektoniczny Bohdana Lacherta: summa mitów awangardy czy zapis doświadczeń?
Authors: Wąs Cezary
Published: December 2020

Traktat architektoniczny Bohdana Lacherta jest podsumowaniem postaw przejawianych w środowisku architektów nurtu awangardowego modernizmu w Polsce. Architekt należał w okresie przedwojennym do grupy najwybitniejszych inicjatorów nowoczesnej architektury i znawców teorii sztuki nowoczesnej. Swoją twórczość uprawiał, przejawiając silne zaangażowanie emocjonalne, które uważał za decydujący czynnik dzieła architektonicznego. W okresie powojennym napotkał ograniczenia w swej działalności wynikające z doktryny socrealizmu. W końcu lat pięćdziesiątych XX wieku postanowił spisać swoje przekonania, uwzględniając ówczesną historiografię i filozofię. Sporządzony traktat nie odegrał dużej roli w dziejach polskiej architektury ze względu na małą rolę niezależnych postaw architektonicznych w systemie politycznym realnego socjalizmu. Obecna publikacja traktatu pozwala dostrzec w nim nie tylko dokument dwóch minionych epok, lecz także dzieło, które zawiera elementy zbieżne ze współczesnymi trendami intelektualnymi.
Estudio y planeamiento de las condiciones medioambientales óptimas en la práctica constructiva de un espacio de oficina tipo, a ubicarse en el trópico de Costa Rica potencializando el uso de la luz natural
Authors: Ávila-Zamora Andrea
Published: December 2020

Búsqueda de recomendaciones y soluciones constructivas aplicadas a espacios de oficinas que representen el menor impacto al medio ambiente natural y que promuevan e incentiven el uso de la luz natural como fuente primaria de iluminación.

Por medio de la metodología descriptiva, se planteó lo más relevante sobre el tema de la sostenibilidad en la construcción de espacios de oficinas desde un enfoque sistémico e interdisciplinario.

Se examinaron los principales patrones de consumo energético de las oficinas en Costa Rica, para sustentar la importancia del ahorro energético y se analizaron variables que impactan la sostenibilidad como los materiales de construcción, prácticas de reciclaje y reutilización de materiales y la búsqueda de estrategias pasivas entorno al aprovechamiento de la luz natural.

Se formularon hipótesis en la búsqueda de espacios de trabajo más eficientes energéticamente y sustentables, que por medio de la técnica de recolección de datos y búsqueda bibliográfica, se llegó a plantear lo más relevante sobre el tema de estudio.

Esta investigación concluyó sobre la necesidad de buscar un modelo de sistema de estrategias, que permitieran el aprovechamiento de toda la energía luminosa en el espacio interno de las oficinas en Costa Rica, para generar ambientes más confortables y visualmente más agradables, incentivando el ahorro energético y eliminando en algunos períodos del día, la dependencia al uso de la iluminación artificial; así mismo se preocupó por la búsqueda de materiales de construcción menos contaminantes y la generación de estrategias pasivas para estos espacios.
Propuesta de clasificación tipológica de obras arquitectónicas del caribe costarricense en la ciudad de Limón, construidas a principios del siglo XX
Authors: Valerín-Víquez Ariel , Chang-Albizurez Dominique
Published: December 2020

Esta publicación expone los resultados de la práctica de vinculación profesional, relacionada con el proyecto “Conservación de la arquitectura caribeña costarricense a partir de la aplicación de técnicas de avanzada para el estudio de los agentes causantes de lesiones en las edificaciones”. El trabajo pretendió analizar las expresiones formales de los elementos arquitectónicos y de las adaptaciones climáticas presentes en la arquitectura de estilo caribeña costarricense, particularmente en las elevaciones principales de dichos inmuebles; para el establecimiento de una clasificación tipológica más específica, según el proyecto al que está vinculado, de las edificaciones construidas a principios del siglo XX en el Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Limón y su primer ensanche.

Se clasificaron veintiocho inmuebles en seis tipologías diferentes; mediante una matriz multicriterio que relacionó las expresiones formales encontradas con dos aspectos de la composición arquitectónica: la función utilitaria y la vinculación de las edificaciones con el contexto. Donde el primer elemento de relación hace referencia a si el inmueble es institucional o residencial y de qué tipo; y el segundo aspecto, entendido como la adaptación del edificio, en función del modo de vida de los usuarios, al lugar de emplazamiento. Por último, el trabajo consideró aquellas expresiones formales que permiten diferenciar dos objetos arquitectónicos que se encuentran en una misma tipología.
Análisis de flujo de ventilación mediante software de CFD como mecanismo de conservación del patrimonio, aplicado a la Antigua Capitanía de Puerto Limón
Authors: Salazar-Ceciliano Enmanuel
Published: December 2020

Los hongos dificultan los procesos de conservación de bienes patrimoniales dado a que originan su biodeterioro. Las esporas producidas por estos organismos, las cuales también pueden inducir a complicaciones de salud en los usuarios del inmueble, dependen de la humedad acumulada en los materiales para poder germinar, por lo que controlar las condiciones ambientales resulta determinante si se desea potenciar al máximo cada intervención realizada. Aplicaciones de dinámica de fluidos asistida por computadora (CFD por sus siglas en inglés) que han sido tradicionalmente utilizados para simulaciones energéticas, están siendo empleados para determinar las corrientes de aire dentro de los espacios y con esto propiciar estrategias de conservación basadas en la ventilación natural. 

Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la metodología empleada para el análisis de flujos de aire dentro de la Antigua Capitanía del Puerto de Limón en Costa Rica, utilizando el software AUTODESK FlowDesign y la estrategia de análisis de datos desarrollada por Víctor Fuentes Freixanet y Manuel Rodríguez Viqueira. El documento tiene como marco el proyecto de investigación “Conservación de la arquitectura caribeña costarricense a partir de la aplicación de técnicas de avanzada para el estudio de los agentes causantes de lesiones en las edificaciones”, desarrollada por el Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica y el Western Illinois University (WIU) de los Estados Unidos.
Addressing the Needs of Vulnerable Refugees
Authors: Graham Imelda Mary
Published: December 2020

In recent times there has been a large increase in the numbers of people who are refugees1 seeking asylum, safety, and a secure future in countries across the globe. The countries to which they seek to gain access have often placed barriers to their arrival, sometimes overwhelmed by the numbers. People who have become refugees have the same human rights and basic needs as anyone else. Rehabilitative work is limited in most instances, although if properly addressed would afford most people who are refugees the opportunity to integrate into their new countries, and enable them to contribute in a meaningful manner to that country's well-being and development. Displaced peoples have a broad profile, including people with disabilities, some being acquired on their migration journey. Social justice practice includes addressing the needs of refugees, especially the most vulnerable among them. This article will examine these issues, establishing the context of current displacement, with projected numbers for the future; it will describe and discuss the impact of the difficult journeys undertaken by refugees; and propose the key elements for focus by rehabilitation professionals, particular reference to the European situation, especially that of Greece. The article is based on the author's first-hand experiences while working in European refugee camps, including one specifically for those with disabilities. The article will draw upon information, statistics, and other evidence supporting the issues addressed, including Human Rights Watch; Pew Research Center; Aida: Asylum in Europe Database, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the United Nations.
Lack of Standardization in Determination of Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Minor Christopher , Tovar-Segura Johanna , Atem Folefac D. , Stutzman Sonja E. , Manjunath Anupama , Ahmed Khalid Mohamed , Venkatachalam Aardhra M. , Olson DaiWai M.
Published: December 2020

Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP) values guide treatment and diagnosis in the ICU. Lack of agreement on ICP determination reduces the validity of ICP as a predictor variable in research and clinical practice. This study explores international perspectives of interpreting an ICP tracing to document an ICP value across varying lengths of time. Methods: This was a prospective anonymous online survey study of clinician practice of ICP measurement using patient data showing an ICP trend. Participants were shown one of three scenarios at 1-minute, 3-minute, and 5-minute ICP trends. It wasn't possible to randomized participants, however multiple reading improves precision. Paired t-test was used to explore for differences within each scenario and between each epoch. Results: There were a total of 332 international responses which came from 247 nurses, 43 attending physicians, 29 nurse practitioners, and 12 physicians in training. Estimates of ICP were significantly different for two of the three scenarios (p < .0001). The range of ICP values was largest during the 3-minute epoch (from 5 to 40 mmHg). Conclusions: There is a wide and inconsistent variation in the determination of ICP with significant difference between for two of the three scenarios. Without a standardized amount of time to provide to clinicians, variability in ICP reporting will continue.
Evaluación y diseño de dos propuestas de reforzamiento para vigas y columnas de concreto armado en una edificación de hotel
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Guillermo La Torre Aldo de Jesus , Silva Tupac Yupanqui Sergio
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación radica en la evaluación técnico-económica de dos tipos de reforzamiento estructurales, tales como el polímero reforzado con fibra de carbono (CFRP) y el encamisado de concreto reforzado en los elementos estructurales de vigas y columnas. Esto con el objetivo de determinar la alternativa de solución óptima, teniendo en cuenta que la opción de encamisado de concreto reforzado es comúnmente la más empleada en el sector. En cuanto al proyecto, este corresponde a un edificio de hotel en el cual se requiere hacer cambio de uso en los pisos 3 y 4 incorporando una sala de gimnasio en los pisos ya mencionados. Respecto al diseño de las alternativas de reforzamiento, estas se rigen bajo las exigencias del Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones del Perú (E020 – Cargas, E030 - Diseño Sismorresistente, E060 – Concreto Armado) y de normas internacionales como la ACI (ACI440.2R – Fibra de carbono, ACI369 - Rehabilitación sísmica de edificios con estructuras de concreto existente, ACI318 – 14 Requisitos de reglamento para concreto estructural). Asimismo, se utilizó el programa Etabs para complementar el análisis del comportamiento estructural de las vigas y columnas. Posterior al diseño, se realizó la evaluación técnico-económica, proponiendo un plan de ejecución (cronograma) acorde con las características y contexto del proyecto, y un presupuesto económico para cada caso. Finalmente, mediante un análisis comparativo que contrasta ambos criterios, se concluye la alternativa de reforzamiento óptima para la edificación de hotel analizada es el CFRP.
Adobe estabilizado con mucílago de penca de tuna, resistentes al contacto con el agua para la construcción de viviendas populares empleados en la sierra del Perú
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Nieto Palomino Lucero Antuhane , Tello Perez Edna Florencia
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación aborda la estabilización del adobe a través de la utilización de mucílago de penca de tuna con el fin de mejorar sus propiedades físicas como material de construcción. En la actualidad, el adobe es unos de los materiales más usados en la elaboración de viviendas en la Sierra del Perú por ser económico y de fácil adquisición; no obstante, este material al entrar en contacto con el agua pierde resistencia y durabilidad. Por tal motivo, esta tesis tiene como objetivo diseñar una unidad de albañilería de adobe estabilizado con mucílago de penca de tuna con el fin de prolongar la vida útil de las viviendas populares. Para validar esta investigación se realizaron diversos ensayos, para el suelo ensayos preliminares, de campo y laboratorio, para el mucilago ensayos de densidad y viscosidad; las unidades de adobes estabilizados y convencionales se analizaron través de ensayos mecánicos y físicos con la finalidad de comparar sus resultados. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron que la unidad estabilizada presenta mejores resultados que el adobe convencional, se identificó que las dos mejores dosificaciones D: 20.5% y D: 18.0 % obtuvieron en compresión 23.3 kg/cm2 y 25.2 kg/cm2, en flexión 17.62 kg/cm2 y 17.61 kg/cm2, en absorción 10.99% y 11.43%, en inmersión se clasificó con daños leves y en la prueba de chorro de agua con 4.89 mm y 5.31 mm de profundidad de penetración respectivamente.
Modelo de gestión del uso de software para la automatización de la fase de planificación de la revisión sistemática
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Cuayla Obregon Elvis Martin , Zumaeta Correa Roger
Published: December 2020

En la actualidad, los investigadores dedican una buena cantidad de tiempo en la detección y búsqueda de artículos científicos relevantes de forma manual. El desarrollo de estas investigaciones se realiza de forma empírica sin tener en cuenta un modelo tecnológico para el cumplimiento de estándares en su proceso. Por ello, de un tema particular, el proceso rara vez es sustentado con algún procedimiento sistemático para garantizar que se revisó de manera objetiva y que todo el material pertinente está incluido. Existen procedimientos y marcos de trabajo en otras disciplinas como la medicina, pero no son ampliamente conocidas o utilizadas en las demás carreras. Este proyecto propone un Modelo de Gestión, soportado por distintas herramientas de software, con el fin de automatizar la fase de planificación de la revisión sistemática. Esta propuesta se realizó mediante la necesidad de mejorar la satisfacción del investigador al momento de realizar búsquedas de papers relacionados a sus trabajos de investigación. Se desarrolló una interfaz web como canal entre el Modelo de Gestión propuesto y el investigador, con el fin de mostrar el resultado obtenido por el modelo indicando mejoras en tiempo y calidad al momento de realizar búsquedas de papers. Además, como Plan de continuidad se propone un proyecto en base a las siguientes fases de la revisión sistemática, apoyándonos en la revisión de la literatura obtenida en la etapa de análisis del modelo propuesto.
Soluciones Tecnológicas para la Atención de Desastres Naturales del Fenómeno del Niño
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Uribe Linares Carlos Augusto , Pino Canda Erick Manuel
Published: December 2020

En el Perú, existe una gran necesidad de reducir el impacto de los desastres naturales ocasionados por el fenómeno El Niño, ya que genera cuantiosas pérdidas, algunas pueden ser tanto humanas como materiales. Este evento hidro-climático, que azotó al país por última vez en el año 2017, evidenció que no existen soluciones tecnológicas para reducir las consecuencias de este tipo de acontecimientos. Por tal motivo, el presente proyecto pretende, analizar los principales peligros e impacto de los desastres naturales del fenómeno “El Niño” en el Perú, la aplicación de las TIC que hoy en día se utilizan en la gestión de desastres naturales, el diseño de un catálogo de soluciones tecnológicas incluyendo para cada una su arquitectura física y el costo aproximado de implementación, la validación de las soluciones tecnológicas a través de expertos en desastres climatológicos e investigación tecnológica, y por último, definir una hoja de ruta para la implementación de las soluciones tecnológicas propuestas. Se espera que el catálogo ayude a las entidades peruanas públicas o privadas, encargadas de la gestión de desastres naturales, a poner en marcha soluciones TIC que supongan una mejora y un mejor resultado en la atención de desastres sin necesidad de tener un amplio conocimiento sobre las TIC y que brinden una gama de posibilidades tanto en la diversidad de componentes que conforma cada solución tecnológica y costos.
Karaciğer kitlelerinin ayırıcı tanısında renkli doppler ultrasonografi ve eko kontrast madde kullanımının etkinliği
Authors: TAMSEL İpek
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Karaciğerde kitle lezyonu saptanan olguların renkli Doppler ultrasonografi bulguları ile eko kontrast madde kullanılarak yapılan renkli Doppler ultrasonografik incelemenin kitle karakterizasyonuna katkısının literatür eşliğinde araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Rutin radyolojik tetkikleri sırasında karaciğerde kitle saptanan 35 olguya ait kontrastsız ve eko kontrastlı renkli Doppler bulguları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Kitlede kanlanma saptanan olgularda vasküler yapılardan spektral analizler yapılarak maksimum sistolik hız (Vmax) ve rezistif indeks (Rİ) değerleri ile kanlanma paternleri kaydedilmiştir. Maksimum sistolik hızların en yüksek değeri ve ona karşılık gelen Rİ değerleri incelenen lezyon için belirleyici kabul edilmiştir. Lezyon tanıları biyopsi (n=15) gri skala US, BT (n=30), MRG (n=27) ve klinik bulgular eşliğinde değerlendirilerek elde edillmiştir.
Kontrast madde öncesi ve sonrası lezyonların kanlanma paternleri ile, spektral analiz değerleri (Vmax ve Rİ) istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen yedi olgu hemanjiom, yedi olgu hepatosellüler karsinom, yirmi olgu metastaz ve bir olgu fokal nodüler hiperplazi tanılı olgulardı. Bu lezyonların rutin renkli Doppler ultrasonografi ile kontrastlı renkli Doppler ultrasonografik değerlendirmede kanlanma paternleri grublarının istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılmasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu. Rİ değerleri arasında iki grupta istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p< 0,05). Vmax değerleri lezyon tanılarına göre sınıflandırıldığında her iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık izlenmemiştir (p< 0,05).
Sonuç: Olguların %77’sinde renkli Doppler ultrasonografi tek başına tümöral lezyonların akım paternlerinin ortaya konmasında yeterli ve tatminkar sonuçların elde edilmesini sağladı. Eko kontrastlı renkli Doppler ultrasonografik değerlendirme kalan olguların %17’sinde kanlanma paterninin dinamik olarak gösterilmesi ile ayırıcı tanıya katkıda bulunmuştur.
“You will bear witness for us”: Suppressed Memory and Counterhistory in Marsha Forchuk Skrypuch’s “Hope’s War” (2001)
Authors: Świetlicki Mateusz
Published: December 2020

Marsha Forchuk Skrypuch’s historical novels and picturebooks for young readers have gained significant commercial and critical recognition in North America. Interestingly, Ukraine, her grandfather’s homeland, has remained the central theme in her works ever since the publication of the picturebook Silver Threads in 1996. The author of this essay argues that by telling the suppressed, untold stories, hence bringing attention to the next-generation memory of the traumatic experiences of Ukrainian Canadians, Skrypuch puts them on the landscape of Canadian collective and cultural memory and challenges the false generalizations attributed to Ukrainians and Ukrainian Canadians in North America after the Second World War. After briefly outlining the history of Ukrainian immigration to Canada, and explaining the roots of the negative stereotypes attributed to Ukrainians, the author analyzes Hope’s War (2001), Skrypuch’s first Ukrainian-themed novel, and shows that by highlighting the unexpected similarities between the experiences of the protagonist’s grandfather, who during the Second World War was a member of the UPA, and the anxieties of contemporary teenagers, Skrypuch evokes empathy in mainstream and diasporic readers and enables the formation of next-generation memory.
Conceptualising the Punch Line: An Analysis of Humorous Webcomic Stories with the Help of Blending Theory
Authors: Dudek Bartosz
Published: December 2020

Although research on humour carried out from a cognitive standpoint is well-established, it has mainly contributed to the study of single-framed cartoons. This paper goes further and offers a cognitive multimodal analysis of so-called webcomics, i.e. sequences of multiple cartoon frames published on the Internet. In general, the analysis makes use of Fauconnier and Turner’s (2002) Blending Theory and Groensteen’s (2007) semiotic approach to comics. These insights equip us with new tools for analysis, enabling us to find out where the punch lines and incongruities reside, as well as explaining how we are able to conceptualize them.
(Non-)Intentional Readings of Labile Object Experiencer Psych-Verbs in Polish: Insights from a Self-Paced Reading Study
Authors: Witkowski Wojciech , Rozwadowska Bożena
Published: December 2020

Labile Object Experiencer psych-verbs are well-known to be compatible with intentional and non-intentional readings. When used in intentional contexts, labile OE psych-verbs exhibit properties of canonical agentive verbs. Previous studies on the agentive nature of labile OE psych-verbs indicate that it varies cross-linguistically. This article aims at investigating the properties of Polish labile OE psych-verbs in terms of their usage in non-intentional and intentional contexts, and in contrast to canonical agentive verbs. The results of the self-paced reading experiment showed that (i) processing of Polish labile OE psych-verbs in non-intentional and intentional contexts, as well as (ii) processing of labile OE psych-verbs as compared to canonical agentive verbs result in significantly faster reading times. The differences were, however, observed in different clause regions and therefore are argued to result from two distinct underlying causes.
Against Wonder
Authors: Małecki W.P.
Published: December 2020

There are a growing number of publications arguing that if we had more wonder in social life, then its quality would be significantly improved, and that we therefore need an “ethics” or a “politics” of wonder. The aim of this paper is to show that that message is unfortunate, and this is for two reasons. First, wonder does not generally have the positive political and moral effects that are attributed to it, so to assume that it does may lead one to adopt unrealistic social policies. Second, wonder does potentially have a number of negative moral and politicaleffects, so social policies that put a premium on wonder may bring adverse consequences. In this way, the paper makes a general case against wonder as a positive force in morality and politics.
Górskie drogi. Impresje alpejskie i tatrzańskie w literaturze XIX wieku
Authors: Burghardt Anja , Witt Monika
Published: December 2020

The author of the article analyses travelogues associated with the Alps and the Tatras by Polish nineteenth-century writers. She seeks to demonstrate the extent to which both the Alps and the Tatras — often appearing in Polish literature as a clear motif or theme — were idealised. The main source material analysed by the author comprises works by Juliusz Słowacki, Seweryn Goszczyński, Adam Asnyk, Maria Konopnicka, Bolesław Prus and Jan Kasprowicz. In her analysis the author stresses the interpretation of aquatic motifs associated with the mountain landscape, particularly lakes, which often seem to link the mountains to the sky. A comparison of the various ways of presenting the mountain landscape in works by Polish authors originating in various literary periods has revealed a range of literary idealisation processes.
Odidealizowane? Góry w rozwoju sportów zimowych w Sudetach przed 1945 rokiem
Authors: Przerwa Tomasz
Published: December 2020

The development of tourism changed the way of seeing and developing the Sudetes, and the rapid growth in winter sports — which began at the turn of the twentieth century — should be regarded as one of the most important elements in this process. There emerged a new group of “mountain consumers” who did not focus on experiencing the mountains, but pay more attention to using them for tourism- and sports-related purposes. Profound reflection was replaced by activity, which became the main medium of new fascinations. Alongside snow the mountains were a prerequisite for the expansion of tobogganing or skiing, but did this determine their idealisation or loss of their charm? An answer to this question is quite complex, as it requires us to take into account broader cultural transformations, and the available sources do not provide unequivocal evidence. Nevertheless, it is possible to discern a shifting of accents, or perhaps just addition of new ones, including rise in the stature of sporting rivalry and discovery of the beauty of winter. Naturally, all these aspects concern not only the Sudetes.
Idealizacja gór w dyskursie prasowym lat międzywojennych
Authors: Tałuć Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

The inter-war period in the history of Poland was a time of rebuilding Poland’s statehood in all dimensions, including identity and axiology, which was to be reflected in new model citizens aware of their duties to their homeland. Discussions about the axiological foundation of educational ventures in the reborn Poland were part, even before the regaining of independence, of broader disputes over ideology, worldview as well as aesthetics. The model citizen was discussed during meetings of various societies or in the press. What is particularly evident in press publications, especially those appearing when the final borders of Poland were being established, is the interpenetration of political,  educational and aesthetic topics. The aim of the article is to present the tools and methods used to idealise the mountains in tourism periodicals and daily press from 1918–1922 as well as the reasons why the mountains were functionalised. This analysis is the basis for an attempt to describe the cause and effect links between forms of mountain idealisaiton and, for example, aesthetic categories used in Jan Bułhak’s concept of homeland photography.
Idealizacja gór jako warunek ich komercjalizacji. Pięć głównych atrakcji Alp Szwajcarskich w XIX wieku
Authors: Bürgi Andreas , Witt Monika
Published: December 2020

Travel accounts from the second half of the eighteenth century feature more and more descriptions the authors of which seeks to present distant views to their readers. In this they clearly lack words which would in their opinion convey the power of a vista not limited by anything. Mountains naturally became preferred vantage points, although other elevations like towers or, in flatter regions, hills were sufficient to satisfy the desire. However, mountains were particularly well suited to the purpose, also because of the central role they played in the aesthetic discussions about loftiness held at the time. Vantage points described in numerous accounts became increasingly well-known. There were quite a few of them towards the end of the century throughout the Alps. While the growth of continental tourism, which began after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, accelerated rapidly in the middle of the century, around 1900 such vantage points in the Western Alps were reduced to just five, namely Rigi, Pilatus, Mont Blanc and Mer de Glace in the region of Chamonix, Gornergrat and Matterhorn as well as the Jungfrau region with the four-thousanders of the Bernese Alps. We should look for the reasons for this state of affairs in the development from a vantage point to a destination, i.e. commercialisation, for which two conditions had to be met: ease of access and comfortable accommodation. All five locations met these conditions, making it possible even for tourists in a great hurry — whose number was constantly growing with the development of organised tourism from 1860 — to treat themselves to a unique Alpine experience.The most popular destination at the time was Rigi in central Switzerland, because it enabled people to admire an unblemished panorama extending almost indefinitely; in addition, the peak was known for atmospheric sunrises and sunsets. Obviously, this was possible only when the view was not spoiled by rain clouds or mists. A remedy for the unpredictability of nature was devised by the entrepreneur Ludwig Meyer from Schauensee. He created a diorama in Lucerne’s tourist district and thus guaranteed the two most important conditions of experiences on the Rigi: ease of access and certain weather. His diorama enabled people to admire both sunrises and sunsets, not only from the Rigi. As the popularity of the diorama rose, Meyer began to show also views from the nearby Pilatus and Gornergrat. Tourists who were in a hurry could now see the tree most famous Swiss panoramas within a short period. The commercialisation of tourism turned the panorama experience into an event, to use the modern term. Nothing was left of the initial abolishment of boundaries to human vision and self-fulfilment of the individual. Repeatability deprived the experience of its special aura. Thus also disappeared the aesthetically-determined idealisation, which had elevated these sites above all others in the Alps and was a precondition of their commercialisation.
Pomiędzy analfabetyzmem a książkami, które „ogłupiają”. Sprawozdanie warsztatowe z projektu „Reading in the Alps. Book Ownership in Tyrol 1750–1800”
Authors: Span Michael , Witt Monika
Published: December 2020

The residents of the historical region of Tirol had long played the role of various projection platforms. However, love for the written word was not a characteristic commonly attributed to them — on the contrary: “It is impossible for the insights of the latter to attract a favorable opinion if one considers that often in large villages hardly anyone can read and write, and those who can do it very poorly; and yet these are exercises enabling people to shape their minds.”That is why the project “Reading in the Alps. Book Ownership in Tyrol 1750–1800” carried out at the University of Innsbruck and the Austrian Center for Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), and financed by the FWF (Research Support Fund) and the Tiroler Matching Fund, seeks to explore the historical reading customs of people living in the Alps. Drawing on inventories (usually probate inventories), we examine — as has already been done many times with regard to regions under Protestant-Pietist influence — private book collections in the Catholic-dominated Alps. The present article is a report on the main directions of the project as well as its first results.Starting from Joseph Rohrer’s 1796 diagnosis that the rural population of Tyrol in the eighteenth century was largely illiterate, we examine the available information about book resources from that era on the basis of an analysis of over 1500 inventories, inheritance proceedings, purchase and tenancy contracts etc. They suggest that people read quite a lot. However, an important matter is the kind of books preferred by readers at the time. It turns out that they were primarily widely popular religious books. It was mainly the “bestsellers of Catholic edifying literature”, which could be found in households in Bruneck in the South Tyrolean Puster Valley and its surroundings.
Karkonosze jako idealny górski krajobraz na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku
Authors: Faktorová Veronika , Brzezińska-Winkie Anna
Published: December 2020

At the end of the 18th century, the new idea of the mountain landscape as an ideal and beautiful landscape emerged in Central Europe. This cultural process was conditioned by the contemporary aesthetic concepts of the Sublime and the Picturesque, related to the development of a new cultural and social practice of education of the eye (described in the book of Peter De Bolla The Education of the Eye: Painting, Landscape, and Architecture in Eighteenth Century Britain, 2003). In a Central European context, the model of the mountain landscape was found in the Krkonoše mountain range, and travelogues, analysed in our case study, have contributed to its establishment.
Changing mobility regimes and care: Central American women confronting processes of entrapment in southern Mexico
Authors: Willers Susanne
Published: December 2020

The humanitarian crisis of Central American minor migrants in 2014 and the massive migration enforcement in Mexico during its aftermath altered the mobility of people flee-ing violence in Central America. Anti-immigration measures particularly affect women with children. Due to violence along migration routes and the lack of financial resources to migrate north, many of them must settle in southern Mexico. In this situation, access-ing formal rights through refugee protection status in Mexico becomes an important sur-vival strategy. However, this process of legalizing their immigration status requires time, knowledge, and the provision of care by other family members. This paper focuses on the experiences of refugee claimants in the southern Mexican town of Tapachula. Based on fieldwork conducted there in 2018 and drawing on earlier research from 2013 and 2014, this paper aims to analyse women’s experiences and strategies and the role of care provi-sion during this process. Findings highlight processes of re-victimization due to segment-ed labour markets and other aspects of structural and gender-based violence that impact women’s agency during this process.
Management of Eumycetoma
Authors: Vaniari Tjokorde Istri Nyndia , Suyoso Sunarso , Astari Linda , Widia Yuri , Anggraeni Sylvia , Ervianti Evy
Published: December 2020

Background: Mycetoma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin that can extend to the fascia, tendons, muscles, and bones. Caused by a bacterium called actinomycetoma and a fungus called eumycetoma are responsible for mycetoma, both of which must be distinguished because they require different medical therapy. Eumycetoma is a localized disease, chronic, and growing slowly. Most of eumycetoma patients had delays in seeking medical care. Purpose: To provide an overview and discuss various aspects of eumycetoma, including its epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical picture, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapy. Review: Eumycetoma infection begins as infectious agents enter through the skin with a minor trauma caused by objects contaminated with fungi, forming granular or granulomatous lesions with tract and sinus in there. The infection can spread from the site of inoculation into the muscles and bones. The diagnosis is based on anamnesis (chronic and painless), the triad of tumefaction, draining sinuses and grains, and laboratory investigation. It’s a difficult case, often recur and difficult to be surgical excisison, so that the best first option therapy is the combination of itraconazole and terbinafine itself as an alternative to surgical therapy at least 6 months. Conclusion: Eumycetoma is an infection caused by a fungus with granulomatous lesions with sinus formation and grains in it. The best first option therapy is the combination of itraconazole and terbinafine although it’s still an early case.
Lipschutz Ulcer in A Virgin Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Indira I Gusti Ayu Agung Elis , Vijayamurthy Vanessa , Puspawati Made Dwi , Wiraguna Anak Agung Gde Putra
Published: December 2020

Background: Lipschutz ulcer, also known as vulvae acutum ulcer, is an acute ulcer in the vulva. The aetiology and pathogenesis of Lipschutz ulcer are unclear, but it is known to be associated with infectious diseases such as Mycoplasma infection, paratyphoid fever, influenza A, and most infections with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This ulcer appears in adolescent females aged 14–20 years old, with 70% of cases occurring in virgin women. Purpose: To review the causes of non-Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) ulcers, so clinicians can establish an accurate diagnosis and rational therapy; therefore, minimizing the psychological impact on the patient due to possible misdiagnosis of STD-induced ulcer. Case: A painful wound in the genital area of a 20-year-old virgin woman. She was diagnosed with Lipshutz ulcer and vulvovaginal candidiasis based on the anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory examination obtained from vaginal discharge using potassium hydroxide, Gram staining, and blood test to exclude genital ulcer caused by the sexually transmitted agent. A blood test was taken, including the serological tests for syphilis and genital herpes. Tests for EBV were also performed. The patient was treated only with single-dose fluconazole 150 mg orally and saline compress on the ulcer. Genital ulcer and vaginal discharge improved one week after treatment. Discussion:  Lipshutz ulcer management is symptomatic, usually self-limiting, and disappears spontaneously within 1–2 weeks without recurrences. It can also occur as a single lesion with possible coinfection of other agents, for example, candidiasis, which in this case, requires treatment of comorbidities. Hygiene factors play an essential role in preventing occurrence of the secondary infection and further development of the disease. Conclusion: The diagnosis of Lipshutz ulcer is mainly based on clinical manifestation after excluding several possible ulcers that can affect the genital area, including sexually transmitted infections.
Correlation of Nutritional Status with Hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in Children Under Five Years in Kokar Public Health Center, Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Onesiforus Benaya Yamin , Lalangpuling Indra E. , Wijayanti Mahardika A. , Murhandarwati E. Elsa Herdiana
Published: December 2020

Malnutrition can reduce immune response particularly in cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) production and immune eﬀector (eosinophil, IgE, and mast cell), thus increasing the probability of intestinal nematode infection. Through this study, intestinal nematode infections occurred among children under five years, at diﬀerent nutrition status, in Kokar Public Health center, Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara was captured. Hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis were studied as both of them have devastating impacts compare to other helminthes compare to other helminths. This study is a cross- sectional study with a quote sampling technique. As many as 238 children, aged 12-59 months living in Kokar’s Public Health Center area, Alor regency were recruited in this study i.e. 7.7% severely underweight, 19.2% underweight, 70.5% normal and 2.6% overweight. Data were collected in August - October 2016. Hookworm and S. stercoralis infection were determined from collected fecal samples of all subjects using either Baermann test, Koga Agar Plate (KAP), or Harada- Mori culture method. The prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis infection was 8.82%, and 0,42%. Correlation between nutritional status and hookworm infection were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test with p value = 0.54 (p > 0.05). Prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis among children under five years in Kokar were 8.82% and 0.42%. There was no significant correlation between nutritional status with hookworm infection prevalence.
Programa de formación continua de directivos para activar a los puestos claves en una institución educativa privada de educación básica regular
Authors:   , Chicoma Castro Jose Fernando
Published: December 2020

En el ámbito educativo, existen cargos considerados claves o de alta importancia para el adecuado funcionamiento de toda la organización.
Inteligencia emocional y clima del aula en estudiantes del sexto ciclo de una institución educativa pública del distrito de Chorrillos
Authors:   , Aliano Piñas Alina
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo fundamental establecer la relación entre inteligencia emocional y clima del aula de los estudiantes del sexto ciclo de una Institución Educativa Pública del distrito de Chorrillos.
Competencia matemática en estudiantes del quinto grado de primaria de dos instituciones educativas públicas del distrito mi Perú - Callao
Authors:   , Castro Ávila Víctor Hugo
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo se realizó con la intención de conocer el desarrollo de las habilidades y capacidades matemáticas en alumnos y alumnas que se encontraban estudiando en quinto grado de primaria.
Notes on taxonomy of the genus Argostemma (Rubiaceae) from Vietnam
Authors:   Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam, Vu Hai Thi , Nguyen Thanh Trung ,   Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Hung Quang ,   4  Institute of Ecology and Biological Resource, Vietnam Academy of Science & Technology, 18th Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam, Le Khuong Duy ,   5  Centre for Research on Ha Long Bay, Faculty of Environment, Ha Long University, 258th Bach Dang, Uong Bi, Quang Ninh, Vietnam, Do Truong Van ,   Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science & Technology, 18th Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
Published: December 2020

Argostemma pictum (Rubiaceae), a species occurring in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Peninsular Malaysia, is newly reported for the flora of Vietnam; a description, photographs, information on ecology and taxonomic notes are also presented. In order to facilitate identification, we provide an identification key and checklist to the 10 known Argostemma species in Vietnam.
Seasonal Variations in Antioxidant Activity, Total Flavonoids
Content, Total Phenolic Content, Antimicrobial Activity and
Some Bioactive Components of Ficus carica L. in Palestine
Authors: Radwan Sireen , Handal Ghassan , Rimawi Fuad , Hanania Michel
Published: December 2020

The genus Ficus is one of the largest genera of angiosperms with more than 800 species.
This study aimed at investigating the pharmacological properties of Ficus carica linn. Leaves were
collected in two seasons (May and October) and were extracted by Soxhlet extractor with different
percentages of methanol-water, ethanol-water and pure water solvents. 100% methanol and 95%
ethanol offered the highest yield (about 23%). Those extracts were further extracted/partitioned with nbutanol.
May samples showed higher TPC, TFC and AA results than October samples. The ethanolbutanol
extract had the highest TPC results (150.7±0.5 mg GA/g extract), while methanol-butanol
extract showed the highest results for TFC and AA (350±4.3 mg Rutin/g extract and 368.1±1.9 mg
FeSO4/g extract, respectively). Ethanol and methanol extracts were weakly active against E. coli, while
the extracts showed good inhibition activity against oral flora, where October samples gave higher
activity than May samples. Some components of extracts were analyzed by a newly developed HPLCPDA
method. Eight compounds were identified: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, coumaric
acid, rutin and trans-cinnamic acid. Quercetin was identified after acid hydrolysis of extracts in all
sample extracts, while ferulic acid was present in water extract only.
Assessment of Knowledge, Awareness and Perception of
Students regarding COVID-19 and its related activities: A
Questionnaire based Survey
Authors: Monika  , Bisht Ajay Singh
Published: December 2020

The rapid and extensive spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major cause of
concern in society. The aim of this study is to assess the Knowledge, awareness and perceptions of
COVID-19 disease and related practices among students trough a questionnaire based survey. It has been
seen that students are more active and comfortable online therefore an e-survey was conducted among
COVID-19. Study outcomes with some interesting facts aboutstudent‟s knowledge, awareness and their
perceptions for the same.
Keloids Profile in the Dermatovenerology Clinic of RSUP
Dr. M. Djamil Padang Indonesia from January 2014 to
December 2018
Authors: Birawati Sherly , Asri Ennesta
Published: December 2020

Keloid is an abnormal scar that appears as an impact of the wound healing process.
Trauma, skin tension, hormone, and genetics are the risk factors of keloid. This study was aimed to
obtain the profile of keloid patients at Polyclinic of Dermatovenereology RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil
Padang in the period 2014-2018. This was a retrospective descriptive study using data of medical
records. The results showed that the incidence of keloid in the period 2014-2018 was 157 cases.
Based on gender, females were the most (51.60%). The age group that had the highest in number was
15-24 years old (27.39%). Based on occupation, most were students (33 cases; 20,49%). The most
common location of the lesion was on the chest, which accounted for 57 cases (36.31%). Seventy-six
cases (48.41%) with interpretation big effect on patient life. Conclusion :Keloid was more common in
females, age group 15-24 years old, and occupation as students. The most common location of the
lesion was on the chest and a big effect on patient life.
The Effect of a Color Tattoo on the Local Skin Redox Regulatory Network: An N-of-1 Study
Authors: Homolak Jan
Published: December 2020

Biomedical aspects of tattooing have been extensively discussed in literature, however pathophysiological effects of tattoo inks in the human body are still unexplored. Oxidative stress is considered responsible for the adverse effects of tattooing, however no experimental evidence for tattoo ink-related oxidative stress in the human body currently exists. The aim was to examine the effect of a blue tattoo on skin redox regulatory network (RRN) parameters in a single human subject. Skin surface oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was analyzed with a PH60F flat probe. Interstitial and intracellular fluid enriched capillary blood from the tattoo and the control area was extracted and analyzed with I2/KI-stabilized microORP, nitrocellulose redox permanganometry (NRP), carbonato-cobaltate (III) formation-derived H2O2 dissociation rate assay, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene autoxidation assay, thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) assay and 5,5,’-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB)-based determination of free thiol content in low molecular weight and protein precipitate fractions. Surface ORP analysis revealed a greater antioxidant capacity of tattooed skin in comparison with the control (CTR). Capillary blood analysis confirmed greater reductive capacity in the tattoo sample both by microORP (-4.33mV vs CTR) and NRP (+10.8%). Hydrogen peroxide dissociation rate (+11.8%), and protein sulfhydryl content (+8.5%) were increased, and lipid peroxidation (-15%) was reduced in the tattoo sample in comparison with the CTR. In this N-of-1 study, RRN of tattooed skin was shifted towards a more reductive state with all parameters indicating reduced levels of oxidative stress in comparison with nontattooed skin. The local antioxidant effect of copper(II) phthalocyanine provides one possible explanation of the observed effects.