bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Molecular Characterization of Recombinant Potato Virus Y (PVY) in Potato from South Korea, PVYNTN Strain
Authors: Chikh-Ali Mohamad , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Mariana , Green Kelsie J. , Kim Dong-Jun , Chung Sang-Min , Kuhl Joseph C. , Karasev Alexander V.
Published: July 2018

Potato is an important source of food in South Korea, and viruses represent a significant threat to sustainable and profitable potato production. However, information about viruses affecting the potato crop in South Korea is limited. In 2017, potato plants of five cultivars exhibiting foliar mosaic, crinkling, and mottle were collected in two seed potato production areas, in Gangwon-do and Jeollabuk-do Provinces, and subjected to virus testing and characterization. Potato virus Y (PVY) was found associated with mosaic symptoms, and samples were characterized using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and whole genome sequencing. All analyzed PVY-positive samples were found to represent the same recombinant PVY strain: PVYNTN. Three PVY isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing using overlapping RT-PCR fragments and Sanger methodology, and all three were confirmed to represent strain PVYNTNa after a recombination analysis of the complete genomes. In phylogenetic analysis, the three South Korean isolates were placed most closely to several PVYNTNa isolates reported from Japan and Vietnam, suggesting a common source of infection. This is the first report and complete molecular characterization of a PVYNTN strain present in the country, and because this strain induces tuber necrotic ringspot disease in susceptible cultivars of potato, appropriate management tools need to be implemented to mitigate potential tuber quality losses.
Radiosensitivity is an acquired vulnerability of PARPi-resistant BRCA1-deficient tumors
Authors: Barazas Marco , Gasparini Alessia , Huang Yike , Küçükosmanoğlu Asli , Annunziato Stefano , Bouwman Peter , Sol Wendy , Kersbergen Ariena , Proost Natalie , van de Ven Marieke , Jonkers Jos , Borst Gerben , Rottenberg Sven
Published: July 2018

The homologous recombination (HR) defect in BRCA1-associated cancers can be therapeutically exploited by the treatment with DNA-damaging agents and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. We and others previously reported that BRCA1-deficient tumors are initially hypersensitive to the inhibition of topoisomerase I/II and PARP, but acquire drug resistance through restoration of HR activity by the loss of end-resection antagonists of the 53BP1/RIF1/REV7/Shieldin/CST pathway. Here, we identified radiotherapy as an acquired vulnerability of 53BP1;BRCA1-deficient cells in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to the radioresistance caused by HR restoration through BRCA1 reconstitution, HR restoration by 53BP1 pathway inactivation further increases radiosensitivity. This highlights the relevance of this pathway for the repair of radiotherapy-induced damage. Moreover, our data show that BRCA1-mutated tumors that acquired drug resistance due to BRCA1-independent HR restoration can be targeted by radiotherapy.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

In this study, we uncovered radiosensitivity as a novel therapeutically exploitable vulnerability of BRCA1-deficient mouse mammary cells that have acquired drug resistance due to the loss of the 53BP1 pathway.
Single-cell chromatin accessibility in glioblastoma delineates cancer stem cell heterogeneity predictive of survival
Authors: Guilhamon P. , Kushida M.M. , Nikolic A. , Singhal D. , MacLeod G. , Madani Tonekaboni S.A. , Cavalli F.M.G. , Arlidge C. , Rajakulendran N. , Rastegar N. , Hao X. , Hassam R. , Smith L.J. , Whetstone H. , Coutinho F.J. , Nadorp B. , Ellestad K.I. , Luchman H.A. , Chan J.A. , Shoichet M.S. , Taylor M.D. , Haibe-Kains B. , Weiss S. , Angers S. , Gallo M. , Dirks P.B. , Lupien M.
Published: July 2018

Chromatin accessibility discriminates stem from mature cell populations, enabling the identification of primitive stem-like cells in primary tumors, such as Glioblastoma (GBM) where self-renewing cells driving cancer progression and recurrence are prime targets for therapeutic intervention. We show, using single-cell chromatin accessibility, that primary GBMs harbor a heterogeneous self-renewing population whose diversity is captured in patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). In depth characterization of chromatin accessibility in GSCs identifies three GSC states: Reactive, Constructive, and Invasive, each governed by uniquely essential transcription factors and present within GBMs in varying proportions. Orthotopic xenografts reveal that GSC states associate with survival, and identify an invasive GSC signature predictive of low patient survival. Our chromatin-driven characterization of GSC states improves prognostic precision and identifies dependencies to guide combination therapies.
Costing ‘the’ MTD … in 2-D
Authors: Norris David C.
Published: July 2018

Background

I have previously evaluated the efficiency of one-size-fits-all dosing for single agents in oncology (Norris 2017b). By means of a generic argument based on an Emax-type dose-response model, I showed that one-size-fits-all dosing may roughly halve a drug’s value to society. Since much of the past decade’s ‘innovation’ in oncology dose-finding methodology has involved the development of special methods for combination therapies, a generalization of my earlier investigations to combination dosing seems called-for.

Methods

Fundamental to my earlier work was the premise that optimal dose is a characteristic of each individual patient, distributed across the population like any other physiologic characteristic such as height. I generalize that principle here to the 2-dimensional setting of combination dosing with drugs A and B, using a copula to build a bivariate joint distribution of (MTDi,A, MTDi,B) from single-agent marginal densities of MTDi,A and MTDi,B, and interpolating ‘toxicity isocontours’ in the (a, b)-plane between the respective monotherapy intercepts. Within this framework, three distinct notional toxicities are elaborated: one specific to drug A, a second specific to drug B, and a third ‘nonspecific’ toxicity clinically attributable to either drug. The dose-response model of (Norris 2017b) is also generalized to this 2-D scenario, with the addition of an interaction term to provide for a complementary effect from combination dosing. A population of 1,000 patients is simulated, and used as a basis to evaluate population-level efficacy of two pragmatic dose-finding designs: a dose-titration method that maximizes dose-intensity subject to tolerability, and the well-known POCRM method for 1-size-fits-all combination-dose finding. Hypothetical ‘oracular’ methods are also evaluated, to define theoretical upper limits of performance for individualized and 1-size-fits-all dosing respectively.

Results

In our simulation, pragmatic titration attains 89% efficiency relative to theoretically optimal individualized dosing, whereas POCRM attains only 55% efficiency. The passage from oracular individualized dosing to oracular 1-size-fits-all dosing incurs an efficiency loss of 33%, while the parallel passage (within the ‘pragmatic’ realm) from titration to POCRM incurs a loss of 38%.

Conclusions

In light of the 33% figure above, the greater part of POCRM’s 38% efficiency loss relative to titration appears attributable to POCRM’s 1-size-fits-all nature, rather than to any pragmatic difficulties it confronts. Thus, appeals to pragmatic considerations would seem neither to justify the decision to use 1-size-fits-all dose-finding designs, nor to excuse their inefficiencies
Cryoprotectant-free high-pressure cooling and dynamic nuclear polarization for more sensitive detection of hydrogen in neutron protein crystallography
Authors: Tanaka Ichiro , Komatsuzaki Naoya , Yue Wen-Xue , Chatake Toshiyuki , Kusaka Katsuhiro , Niimura Nobuo , Miura Daisuke , Iwata Takahiro , Miyachi Yoshiyuki , Nukazuka Genki , Matsuda Hiroki
Published: July 2018

To improve the sensitivity of hydrogen detection using neutrons, a proton-polarization technique together with a high-pressure cooling method is necessary. The highest pressure (200 MPa) used in the experiment described here enabled relatively large protein crystals to be cooled without any cryoprotectants while retaining the protein structure, and it was confirmed that high-pressure-cooled crystals diffracted to nearly the same resolution as flash-cooled small crystals soaked with cryoprotectants. Dynamic nuclear polarization was used as a proton-polarization technique for protein crystals, and ∼300 mg polycrystalline protein doped with TEMPOL gave a maximum proton polarization of 22.3% at a temperature of 0.5 K in a 2.5 T magnetic field.
Effects of structural and bonding-based attachment on brand loyalty
Authors: Adam Diyawu Rahman , Ofori Kwame Simpe , Okoe Abednego Feehi , Boateng Henry
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the effects of structural and bonding attachment on brand loyalty. The authors identified network quality, network coverage and mobile number portability (MNP) as structural elements of attachment that affect brand loyalty. Similarly, the authors identify brand trust and social interaction ties as elements of bonding-based attachment that affects brand loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employed a survey as the research design. There were 500 respondents who were customers of telecommunication network brands in Ghana. Data collected were analyzed using the partial least square approach to structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on SmartPLS 3.

Findings

The findings indicate that structural and bonding-based attachments affect the brand loyalty. Specifically, the authors found that network coverage, network quality, brand trust and social interaction ties have positive effects on brand loyalty while MNP has a negative effect on brand loyalty.

Originality/value

This study conceptualizes attachment from both structural and bonding perspectives, which are rare in the marketing literature. Thus, this study advances the conceptualization of attachment in the marketing literature.
Food allergy knowledge, attitudes, and resources of restaurant employees
Authors: McAdams Bruce , Deng Allison , MacLaurin Tanya
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Restaurants are unique and challenging environments for accommodating food allergies. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate food allergy knowledge, attitudes and resources among restaurant employees, and identify differences based on restaurant mode of operation.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 209 food-service workers were surveyed in full-service restaurants across Southern Ontario, Canada. A paper-based questionnaire was used to evaluate participants’ food allergy knowledge, attitudes toward handling food allergy requests and emergencies, and the availability of food allergen resources at the restaurant.

Findings

Most participants were knowledgeable about food allergies, and valued being able to provide safe meals. However, there was a general lack of access to important food allergy risk management resources and training. Food allergy attitudes were significantly different between restaurant modes of operation. Also, food allergy training and resources were positively correlated with employee attitudes toward food allergies.

Practical implications

The results of this study show that engaging employees in food allergy training can contribute to greater levels in employee awareness and confidence in protecting health and safety of restaurant patrons with food allergies. Restaurants that demonstrate a strong preparedness toward handling food allergy requests can deliver a better customer experience and increase customer loyalty.

Originality/value

The findings of this study underscore the need for the restaurant industry, policy makers and food safety educators to work together to develop training programs and relevant resources to support and facilitate food allergy risk management in restaurants.
Picking low hanging fruit? Synergies between strategic quality management and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Alsaif Talal Mohammad , Savage Barbara M. , Reed Deborah M.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore and identify the areas in common between strategic quality management (SQM) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) from the literature. Studying these areas is important to develop any further connection between SQM and CSR because of both the potential for benefit to organisations and society, and in order to minimise resources needed for effective action by capitalising on synergies.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature review covering a broad range of publications that addresses the synergies of quality management and CSR to identify areas of commonality and thus simplify CSR implementation.

Findings

Identification of opportunities for knowledge transfer between SQM and CSR.

Practical implications

Synergies between SQM and CSR may offer attractive opportunities to capitalise on prior actions and learning, to enhance the value added to an organisation and the society in which it operates.

Originality/value

This evaluation is a part of a more in-depth research study investigating the relationship between and integration of SQM and CSR, and its application in specific contexts.
How to turn managers into data-driven decision makers
Authors: Carillo Kevin Daniel André , Galy Nadine , Guthrie Cameron , Vanhems Anne
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the need to engender a positive attitude toward business analytics in order for firms to more effectively transform into data-driven businesses, and for business schools to better prepare future managers.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper develops and validates a measurement instrument that captures the attitude toward business statistics, the foundation of business analytics. A multi-stage approach is implemented and the validation is conducted with a sample of 311 students from a business school.

Findings

The instrument has strong psychometric properties. It is designed so that it can be easily extrapolated to professional contexts and extended to the entire domain of business analytics.

Research limitations/implications

As the advent of a data-driven business world will impact the way organizations function and the way individuals think, work, communicate and interact, it is crucial to engage a transdisciplinary dialogue among domains that have the expertise to help train and transform current and future professionals.

Practical implications

The contribution provides educators and organizations with a means to measure and monitor attitudes toward statistics, the most anxiogenic component of business analytics. This is a first step in monitoring and developing an analytics mindset in both managers and students.

Originality/value

By demonstrating how the advent of the data-driven business era is transforming the DNA and functioning of organizations, this paper highlights the key importance of changing managers’ and all employees’ (to a lesser extent) mindset and way of thinking.
Service quality for architects: scale development and validation
Authors: Prakash Anand , Phadtare Milind
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop and explain an empirically validated scale to measure service quality for architects in India.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies a systematic procedure for development of a psychometric scale in three phases. Phase 1 includes item generation and selection through review of literature and expert opinion. Phase 2 comprises scale refinement using item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Phase 3 applies confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for establishing convergent, discriminant and nomological validity. This study has involved 15 expert participants in Phase 1 and sought participation from 250 respondents using an online questionnaire in two other independent phases.

Findings

The findings of the empirical study resulted in the development of a 22-item scale that measures the constructs such as design quality, project administration quality, communication quality, relationship quality and dependability quality.

Research limitations/implications

This study has developed a context-specific psychometric scale of service quality for architects in India using snowball sampling. Although this study identified five valid service quality factors, the classified information relating to the formation of expectations was not collected.

Practical implications

This reliable and valid scale would be helpful for architects to measure the level of service quality in enhancing business performance. This study has established that service quality for architects is achieved only when the perceived benefits are available from the aspects like design, project administration, communication, relationship and dependability.

Social implications

This study can facilitate an architect interested in opportunities relating to contracting, consulting and engineering to explore possibilities of higher fees from clients.

Originality/value

This study is an original attempt in developing a validated tool to measure service quality of architects in India.
Students’ viewpoints on using tableaux to analyse short stories
Authors: Athiemoolam Logamurthie
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to provide a detailed account of pre-service teachers’ viewpoints on the use of tableaux as pedagogy to analyse short stories in secondary schools based on their exposure to the use of tableaux and their active participation in the process of tableau creation.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a qualitative approach and a phenomenological design as it provides a detailed account of PGCE English Methodology pre-service teachers’ views on the use of tableaux to teach a short story. The data collection method used was written narratives based on the participants’ detailed accounts of their learning during the process of tableau creation and their viewpoints on the use of such an approach in the teaching of literature within secondary school contexts. The “rich, thick data” extracted from the written narratives were analysed thematically.

Findings

The findings indicated that although pre-service teachers were initially sceptical towards the use of tableaux as a strategy to teach a short story, as they grew in their understanding of the practices involved their insights into the themes, motifs and characters’ emotional, personal and psychological states of being were enhanced.

Originality/value

Research in the use of tableaux as a strategy for pre-service teachers to critically analyse and engage with short stories is a novel approach to teaching and limited research has been conducted in the field.
Experimental investigation of the magnetorheological polishing process with roller
Authors: Song Wanli , Li Hongliang , Ma Jintao , Hu Zhichao , Shi Pei
Published: July 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to develop a new magnetorheological polishing (MRP) device with roller and investigate the polishing mechanism of MRP fluids using this new device.

Design/methodology/approach

The principle of MRP process with roller is discussed, and then the structure of the polishing device is designed in detail. The polishing experiments of K9 glass are carried out using MRP device with roller.

Findings

A series of tests are performed to evaluate the effect of the excitation gaps, working gap and polishing time on the polishing characteristics, and the optimized polishing parameters can be obtained. The surface roughness Ra of the sample is reduced from 359 to 38 nm under optimized polishing parameters.

Originality/value

MRP method with roller is proposed in this paper, and the MRP device with roller can reduce the surface roughness Ra significantly. After being polished, the circular ring-shaped polishing belt disappears on the workpiece surface, which means it has great potential for polishing.
Are users competent to comply with information security policies? An analysis of professional competence models
Authors: Tsohou Aggeliki , Holtkamp Philipp
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Information security policies (ISPs) are used by organizations to communicate rules on the use of information systems (IS). Research studies show that compliance with the ISPs is not a straightforward issue and that several factors influence individual behavior toward ISP compliance, such as security awareness or individual perception of security threats. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the competencies associated with users’ ISP compliance behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to reveal the competencies that are associated with the users’ ISP compliance behavior, the authors systematically analyze the ISP compliance literature and the authors develop an ISP compliance competency model. The authors then target to explore if IS users are equipped with these competencies; to do so, the authors analyze professional competence models from various industry sectors and compare the competencies that they include with the developed ISP compliance competencies.

Findings

The authors identify the competencies associated with ISP compliance and the authors provide evidence on the lack of attention in information security responsibilities demonstrated in professional competence frameworks.

Research limitations/implications

ISP compliance research has focused on identifying the antecedents of ISP compliance behavior. The authors offer an ISP compliance competency model and guide researchers in investigating the issue further by focusing on the professional competencies that are necessary for IS users.

Practical implications

The findings offer new contributions to practitioners by highlighting the lack of attention on the information security responsibilities demonstrated in professional competence frameworks. The paper also provides implications for the design of information security awareness programs and information security management systems in organizations.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper is the first study that addresses ISP compliance behavior from a professional competence perspective.
Software platform establishment: effectuation and entrepreneurial awareness
Authors: Saarikko Ted , Jonsson Katrin , Burström Thommie
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Faced with environments rife with technological uncertainties, software platforms have gained interest as enablers of innovative businesses and development processes. While extant research has focused on mature platforms, the authors know less about the early phases in a platform’s life cycle. Drawing inspiration from the effectual perspective on entrepreneurship, the purpose of this paper is to further the understanding of how software platforms are established.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop a framework that describes four types of entrepreneurial awareness and then apply it to a qualitative case study of a platform that has emerged from the initial “creation” phase and is now in a period of rapid growth.

Findings

The study indicates that successful establishment of a software platform depends upon the provider’s ability to integrate business acumen with technical proficiency and leverage these combined skills to ensure short-term viability and long-term relevance in the market.

Research limitations/implications

This paper contributes to literature on platform strategy, which has previously focused on mature platforms, by addressing entrepreneurial behavior during a software platform’s establishment. As it is based on a single qualitative study, additional studies of different platforms are needed to verify the results.

Originality/value

The paper highlights the dependence of software platform establishment on the ability to enact both explorative and exploitative activity patterns, and embrace both strategic foresight and systemic insight cognitive patterns. The combined patterns of activity and cognition form four types of awareness, pertaining to markets, resources, technology and contexts.
The unexpected benefits of reflection: a case study in university-business collaboration
Authors: Bravenboer Darryll
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the development process and outcomes from a six-year collaboration between Halifax Bank (part of the Lloyds Banking Group) and Middlesex University between 2010 and 2016 in the UK. The collaboration involved the construction of work-integrated higher education programmes that were, from the outset, predicated on clear return on investment criteria for the Bank. One unexpected outcome from the collaboration was the emergence of critical reflection as a valued business benefit that, it is argued, has the potential for significant cultural change within the organisation.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study discuses how “productive reflection” can lead to an integrated approach to organisational learning. The study is located in the context of Halifax’s specific organisational objectives established following the banking crash of 2008. Quantitative and qualitative evidence is considered to illustrate the extent to which the “return on investment” criteria established by Halifax have been achieved.

Findings

The case study indicates that the challenging business context of the financial crash of 2008 provided the impetus for a sustained collaborative development that allowed the potential pitfalls of restricted learning opportunities to be addressed resulting in an integrated approach to organisational learning. In addition to the organisation’s return on investment criteria being met, there is evidence that the work-integrated approach has raised the prospect of productive reflection becoming part of an emerging learning culture.

Originality/value

The scale and sustained period of the university-business collaboration is unique and provides valuable insight into how an organisation’s learning culture can be affected by a work-integrated approach. In demonstrating the perceived business value of productive reflection, the case presented illustrates how learning can start to become considered as a normal aspect of working life.
Measuring the effect of body-worn cameras on complaints in Latin America
Authors: Mitchell Renée J. , Ariel Barak , Firpo Maria Emilia , Fraiman Ricardo , Castillo Federico del , Hyatt Jordan M. , Weinborn Cristobal , Brants Sabo Hagit
Published: July 2018

Purpose

More than a half a dozen published studies have observed the effect of body-worn cameras (BWCs) on complaints against the police. Nearly all, with varying degrees of methodological sophistication, tell a similar story: a strong reduction in complaints filed against the police once BWCs are in use. However, the entirety of the published evidence comes from English speaking countries, limited to the USA and the UK, and is restricted to the effects of BWCs on response policing. The purpose of this paper is to extend this body of research to Latin America, and to specialized policing jobs.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors measured the consequence of equipping traffic police officers with BWCs in five out of the 19 traffic police departments in Uruguay (n=208), and compared these settings to both the pre-test figures as well as to the non-treatment departments. Interrupted time-series analyses and repeated measures of analysis were used for significance testing.

Findings

Statistically significant differences emerged between the before–after as well as the between–groups comparisons: complaints were five times higher in the comparison vs the treatment jurisdictions, and there were 86 percent fewer cases compared to the pre-treatment period.

Research limitations/implications

These outcomes suggest that the effect of BWCs on complaints is ubiquitous.

Practical implications

The findings indicate that BWCs provide an effective solution for reducing grievances against the police, which can potentially be a marker of increased accountability, transparency and legitimacy for the Latin American law enforcement departments.

Originality/value

This study is an extension of findings on BWCs to non-English-speaking police departments, with a focus on specialized policing rather than patrol policing.
Towards social reflexivity: relational learning and academic rationality
Authors: Holz Edvalter Becker
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to expand upon prior debates on reconceptualising reflexivity in order to encompass research communities and prospective thinking, based upon an analysis of the development of a research question (RQ).

Design/methodology/approach

Ontologically, the author regards the development of a RQ as an inter-subjective process; epistemologically, the author regards investigating such processes as possible by identifying their relationality and dialogism “from within”; methodologically, the author constructed and abductively analysed data by performing an auto-ethnography as a PhD student.

Findings

The author suggests that developing an RQ evolves as relational learning and academic rationality. While the former concerns relations within a research community, the latter concerns prospective thinking. The author introduces the notion of an academically accepted RQ to suggest that this part of knowledge construction is shaped as much by research communities and prospective thinking as it is by the researcher.

Research limitations/implications

The author introduces and discusses the notion of social reflexivity as a possible way forward in the debate on reconceptualising reflexivity. Such notion encourages the exploration of relational learning and academic rationality in the construction of knowledge. It implies exposing issues related both to processes of assimilating prevailing academic literature and to contextual pressures faced when writing new ones.

Originality/value

While introducing social reflexivity, the author suggests a possible way to overcome the challenges of reconceptualising reflexivity. Also, the author provides a detailed description of how the author crafted the analysis of an inter-subjective process.
A reflexive critique of a critical hermeneutics analysis of Wu Zetian
Authors: Yu Tianyuan , Mills Albert J. , Peng Niya
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Revisiting the critical hermeneutics analysis of Wu Zetian’s case in Peng et al.’s (2015) paper, the purpose of this paper is to explore the complexity and paradox of Wu Zetian as a historical figure, and to demonstrate the potential of critical hermeneutics as an innovative methodology to study gender, diversity and history. Moreover, the authors attempt to examine some of the potential challenges and limitations of this methodology and to provide an in-depth account of the socio-politics involved in the research process.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a reflexive critique based on a framework of four central concepts of critical hermeneutics (Prasad, 2005): questions of author intentionality, layers of texts, hermeneutic circle and relating to texts.

Findings

Critical hermeneutics has great potential as well as considerable challenges and limitations in the research areas of gender, diversity and history.

Originality/value

This paper offers a lucid exposition of what critical hermeneutics is about, how it might be applied to a particular case and potential challenges and limitations of this methodology. The study is intensely reflexive and context oriented, illustrating how a deepened understanding of critical hermeneutics leads to a more informed discussion of the possibilities and limitations of the methodology, and how researchers, editors and reviewers can be influenced by the context in which the study is conducted.
Identifying structural similarities between stricto sensu post-graduation programs in management regarding the strategy tripod
Authors: Backes Danieli Artuzi Pes , Serra Fernando Antonio Ribeiro , Zarour Neto Feris Abdalla
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the structural similarities between stricto sensu post-graduation programs in management through the formation of clusters, with the strategy tripod as a backdrop (Peng, 2002; Penget al., 2009).

Design/methodology/approach

The co-plot method was used as a tool. It was chosen because it simultaneously enables joint and individual observations of comments and variables.

Findings

The results showed the formation of clusters among the programs, identifying a series of similarities between their components. The age and number of lines of research of the programs were the determining variables to identify isomorphism among the clusters.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of the study lies in the updating of information at the source of the data collection. All the data were collected from the Sucupira Platform for CAPES Triennial Evaluation of 2013. However, when the authors accessed the portals of the programs, the authors found that some data were outdated. Nevertheless, the authors limited themselves to using official data. Therefore, even if the authors found divergences or inconsistencies regarding the published information, the authors decided to use the official data made available by CAPES on the Sucupira Platform for the period in question.

Originality/value

Understanding that the results through the approaches of the industry-based view, resource-based view and institution-based view were insufficient for a thorough analysis, it is demonstrated in isolation that none of these succeeds in explaining the organizational context that permeates Brazilian stricto sensu post-graduation institutions. In this organizational field, the three views are not at the same theoretical level. The institutional view overlaps with the strategic competitive views. Therefore, the study contributes to reorganizing the strategy tripod and the proposed articulation between the arrangement of theory, method and field research.
Shared leadership effectiveness: perceived task complexity as moderator
Authors: Müller Elisabeth , Pintor Sandra , Wegge Jürgen
Published: July 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the effect of shared leadership on both quantity and quality of team performance, predicting that shared leadership enhances performance by affecting quantity (level of performance) as well as quality (team errors). In addition, this paper also investigates the role of perceived task complexity in moderating the effect of sharing leadership on team performance.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 26 teams (N= 78) were asked to work on an interdependent team-task, where they engaged in a laboratory team decision-making exercise.

Findings

Results revealed that teams sharing leadership made fewer errors. They achieved higher levels of quality of performance. As predicted, this effect was stronger when team members perceived the task as highly complex, even though objective task difficulty was constant.

Research limitations/implications

This study extends current literature on shared leadership by documenting that sharing the lead in teams can also improve the quality of team performance and that perceived complexity of tasks is an important moderator of this effect.

Practical implications

Based on the findings, influencing perceptions of task complexity can be considered as an important strategy to stimulate shared leadership in teams.

Originality/value

Using social network approach, the authors showed that shared leadership is an important tool for preventing team errors and offer a new explanation for inconsistent findings from recent meta-analyses by showing that perceived task complexity moderates the effects of shared leadership. Additionally, this study offers an original team task for investigating shared leadership in teams.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in emergency medicine
Authors: Stewart Jonathon , Sprivulis Peter , Dwivedi Girish
Published: July 2018

Interest in artificial intelligence (AI) research has grown rapidly over the past few years, in part thanks to the numerous successes of modern machine learning techniques such as deep learning, the availability of large datasets and improvements in computing power. AI is proving to be increasingly applicable to healthcare and there is a growing list of tasks where algorithms have matched or surpassed physician performance. Despite the successes there remain significant concerns and challenges surrounding algorithm opacity, trust and patient data security. Notwithstanding these challenges, AI technologies will likely become increasingly integrated into emergency medicine in the coming years. This perspective presents an overview of current AI research relevant to emergency medicine.
Longer‐Period Effects of Bicarbonate/Lactate‐Buffered Neutral Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Hoshino Taro , Kaneko Shohei , Minato Saori , Yanai Katsunori , Mutsuyoshi Yuko , Ishii Hiroki , Kitano Taisuke , Shindo Mitsutoshi , Miyazawa Haruhisa , Aomatsu Akinori , Ito Kiyonori , Ueda Yuichiro , Hirai Keiji , Ookawara Susumu , Morishita Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2018

High concentrations of lactate are considered to contribute to impairment of the peritoneal membrane. We investigated the longer‐period effects of bicarbonate/lactate‐buffered neutral peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) in patients undergoing PD for about 2 years. Patients undergoing PD were changed from a lactate‐buffered neutral PDF to a bicarbonate/lactate‐buffered neutral PDF. We then investigated the patients’ clinical outcomes and peritoneal membrane functions as well as the surrogate markers in the drained dialysate. Fourteen patients undergoing PD were enrolled. Peritonitis was observed in one patient. No other adverse events were observed. Peritoneal function did not change as the ultrafiltration volume decreased. Fibrin degradation products and vascular endothelial growth factor in the drained dialysate decreased while the interleukin level increased. These results suggest that bicarbonate/lactate‐buffered neutral PDF may have beneficial effects in terms of peritoneal preservation and can be safely used in patients undergoing PD.
Effect of a salt‐reduction strategy on blood pressure and acceptability among customers of a food concessionaire in Lima, Peru
Authors: Reynoso‐Marreros Isabel A. , Piñarreta‐Cornejo Perlita K. , Mayta‐Tristán Percy , Bernabé‐Ortiz Antonio
Published: July 2018

Aim

Limited information exists regarding the implementation of salt reduction strategies on collective food services, such as restaurants and food concessionaires. The present study aimed to assess the effect of a salt reduction strategy on blood pressure levels and food acceptability among customers of a food concessionaire.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental study with two phases was conducted. In the pre‐intervention phase, the amount of salt used in food preparation was determined. In the intervention phase, a reduction of 20% in salt added to food preparations was implemented. Four hedonic tests and two blood pressure measurements were performed before and after the intervention implementation using standardised techniques. In addition, an evaluation of uneaten food was conducted daily on all customers’ plates. Mixed linear regression models were generated to assess the effect of the intervention on blood pressure and acceptability.

Results

A total of 71 workers were evaluated, mean age of 37.5 years, 57.8% females, who consumed the food of the concessionaire, on average, 4.4 (SD: 0.7) days per week. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced by 3.1 (P < 0.001) and 2.9 (P < 0.001) mmHg at the end of the study, respectively. The results of the hedonic tests and the uneaten food before and after the intervention did not vary significantly.

Conclusions

The reduction of 20% of salt added to food from a concessionaire had a positive impact on the reduction of customers’ blood pressure without reducing food acceptability. This strategy could be implemented in other contexts.
Exploring bioactive peptides from bacterial secretomes using PepSAVI‐MS: identification and characterization of Bac‐21 from Enterococcus faecalis pPD1
Authors: Kirkpatrick Christine L. , Parsley Nicole C. , Bartges Tessa E. , Wing Casey E. , Kommineni Sushma , Kristich Christopher J. , Salzman Nita H. , Patrie Steven M. , Hicks Leslie M.
Published: July 2018

As current methods for antibiotic drug discovery are being outpaced by the rise of antimicrobial resistance, new methods and innovative technologies are necessary to replenish our dwindling arsenal of antimicrobial agents. To this end, we developed the PepSAVI‐MS pipeline to expedite the search for natural product bioactive peptides. Herein we demonstrate expansion of PepSAVI‐MS for the discovery of bacterial‐sourced bioactive peptides through identification of the bacteriocin Bac‐21 from Enterococcus faecalis pPD1. Minor pipeline modifications including implementation of bacteria‐infused agar diffusion assays and optional digestion of peptide libraries highlight the versatility and wide adaptability of the PepSAVI‐MS pipeline. Additionally, we have experimentally validated the primary protein sequence of the active, mature Bac‐21 peptide for the first time and have confirmed its identity with respect to primary sequence and post‐translational processing. Successful application of PepSAVI‐MS to bacterial secretomes as demonstrated herein establishes proof‐of‐principle for use in novel microbial bioactive peptide discovery.
Seasonal and Flood‐Induced Variations in Groundwater–Surface Water Exchange in a Northern Coldwater Fishery
Authors: Jasperson Jenny L. , Gran Karen B. , Magner Joseph A.
Published: July 2018

Groundwater upwelling is important to coldwater fisheries survival. This study used stable isotopes to identify upwelling zones within a watershed, then combined isotope analyses with reach‐scale monitoring to measure surface water–groundwater exchange over time. Research focused on Amity Creek, Minnesota, a basin that exemplifies conditions limiting coldwater species survival along Lake Superior's North Shore where shallow bedrock limits groundwater capacity, lowering baseflows and increasing temperatures. Groundwater‐fed reaches were identified through synoptic isotope sampling, with results highlighting the importance of isolated shallow surficial aquifers (glacially derived sands and gravels) for providing cold baseflow waters. In an alluvial reach, monitoring well results show groundwater was stored in two reservoirs: one that reacts quickly to changes in stream levels, and one that remained isotopically isolated under most flow conditions, but which helps sustain summer baseflows for weeks to months. A 500‐year flood demonstrated the capacity of high‐flow events to alter surface water–groundwater connectivity. The previously isolated reservoir was exchanged or mixed during the flood pulse, while incision lowered the water table for years. The results here provide insight for streams that lack substantial groundwater inputs yet maintain coldwater species at risk in a warming climate and an approach for managers seeking to protect cold baseflow sources.
Tectono–Thermal Evolution, Hydrocarbon Filling and Accumulation Phases of the Hari Sag, in the Yingen–Ejinaqi Basin, Inner Mongolia, Northern China
Authors: YANG Peng , REN Zhanli , XIA Bin , TIAN Tao , ZHANG Yong , QI Kai , REN Wenbo
Published: July 2018

This work restored the erosion thickness of the top surface of each Cretaceous formations penetrated by the typical well in the Hari sag, and simulated the subsidence burial history of this well with software BasinMod. It is firstly pointed out that the tectonic subsidence evolution of the Hari sag since the Cretaceous can be divided into four phases: initial subsidence phase, rapid subsidence phase, uplift and erosion phase, and stable slow subsidence phase. A detailed reconstruction of the tectono–thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation histories of typical well was undertaken using the EASY Ro% model, which is constrained by vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. In the rapid subsidence phase, the peak period of hydrocarbon generation was reached at c.a. 105.59 Ma with the increasing thermal evolution degree. A concomitant rapid increase in paleotemperatures occurred and reached a maximum geothermal gradient of about 43–45°C/km. The main hydrocarbon generation period ensued around 105.59–80.00 Ma and the greatest buried depth of the Hari sag was reached at c.a. 80.00 Ma, when the maximum paleo–temperature was over 180°C. Subsequently, the sag entered an uplift and erosion phase followed by a stable slow subsidence phase during which the temperature gradient, thermal evolution, and hydrocarbon generation decreased gradually. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was discussed based on homogenization temperatures of inclusions and it is believed that two periods of rapid hydrocarbon accumulation events occurred during the Cretaceous rapid subsidence phase. The first accumulation period observed in the Bayingebi Formation (K1b) occurred primarily around 105.59–103.50 Ma with temperatures of 125–150°C. The second accumulation period observed in the Suhongtu Formation (K1s) occurred primarily around 84.00–80.00 Ma with temperatures of 120–130°C. The second is the major accumulation period, and the accumulation mainly occurred in the Late Cretaceous. The hydrocarbon accumulation process was comprehensively controlled by tectono–thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history. During the rapid subsidence phase, the paleo temperature and geothermal gradient increased rapidly and resulted in increasing thermal evolution extending into the peak period of hydrocarbon generation, which is the key reason for hydrocarbon filling and accumulation.
Geochemical Evaluation of the Permian Ecca Shale in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Implications for Shale Gas Potential
Authors: BAIYEGUNHI Christopher , LIU Kuiwu , WAGNER Nicola , GWAVAVA Oswald , OLONINIYI Temitope L.
Published: July 2018

Shale gas has been the exploration focus for future energy supply in South Africa in recent time. Specifically, the Permian black shales of the Prince Albert, Whitehill, Collingham, Ripon and Fort Brown Formations are considered to be most prospective rocks for shale gas exploration. In this study, outcrop and core samples from the Ecca Group were analyzed to assess their total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter type, thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation potential. These rocks have TOC ranging from 0.11 to 7.35 wt%. The genetic potential values vary from 0.09 to 0.53 mg HC/g, suggesting poor hydrocarbon generative potential. Most of the samples have Hydrogen Index (HI) values of less than 50 mg HC/g TOC, thus suggesting Type‐IV kerogen. Tmax values range from 318°C to 601°C, perhaps indicating immature to over‐maturity of the samples. The vitrinite reflectance values range from 2.22% to 3.93%, indicating over‐maturity of samples. Binary plots of HI against Oxygen Index (OI), and HI versus Tmax show that the shales are of Type II and mixed Type II–III kerogen. Based on the geochemical data, the potential source rocks are inferred as immature to over‐matured and having present‐day potential to produce gas.