bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between adoption and adaptation: Unveiling the complexity of the Orquestra Geração
Authors: Costa Jorge Alexandre , Cruz Ana Isabel , Mota Graça
Published: June 2018

In this article, we present part of the results from a wide-ranging research study addressing Orquestra Geração (OG), a Sistema-like project set up in Portugal in 2007. Orquestra Geração strives to bring about, through collective musical practices, the social inclusion and social mobility of children and teenagers experiencing educational and social vulnerability. The data collected include semi-structured interviews with three OG mentors, one of whom currently serves as the OG director, the OG sub-director, former national coordinators, the current national coordinator, and school coordinators, as well as observations of music classes, orchestra rehearsals and intensive summer internships. We briefly describe the project before detailing the organization’s identity and the profile of its music teachers in a narrative highlighted by the actors’ own words. Finally, we analyse the OG through the lenses of two different and yet complementary conceptual frameworks: Mintzberg’s organizational typology, and Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, as expanded and applied by Engeström. Findings suggest an underlying tension between adopting El Sistema’s methodology, as implemented in Venezuela, and adapting this to the Portuguese context. Moreover, a concentration of power in a few key figures may possibly prevent Orquestra Geração from prospering within a framework where its identity stands out as an autonomous project from El Sistema.
Alternative visions: Permaculture as imaginaries of the Anthropocene
Authors: Roux-Rosier Anahid , Azambuja Ricardo , Islam Gazi
Published: June 2018

The current paper uses the concept of imaginaries to understand how permaculture provides alternative ways of organizing in response to the Anthropocene. We argue that imaginaries provide ways of organizing that combine ideas and concrete practices, imagining organizational alternatives by enacting new forms of collective practice. Permaculture movements, because of their combination of local, situated design practices and underlying social and political philosophies, provide an interesting case of imaginaries that make it possible to reimagine the relations between humans, non-human species and the natural environment. We identify and describe three imaginaries found in permaculture movements, conceiving of permaculture, respectively, as a technical design practice, a holistic life philosophy, and an intersectional social movement. These imaginaries open up possibilities for political and social alternatives to industrially organized agriculture, but are also at risk of various forms of ideological co-optation based on their underlying social premises. We discuss our perspective in terms of developing the concept of imaginaries in relation to organizational scholarship, particularly in contexts where fundamental relations between humans and the natural environment must be reimagined, as in the case of environmentalist organizing in response to the Anthropocene.
Olympism, physical education and critical pedagogy
Authors: Culpan Ian
Published: June 2018

This article sets out to present a new imagery for capturing the power and potential of Olympism in attempting to educate the next generation of sport consumers and decision makers. It is hoped that the new imagery can make a contribution on how to moderate and regulate the rampant commodification of sport. This new imagery begins with the need for physical educators to open their minds and instigate a critical orientation to thinking about sport and Olympic matters. It is argued that doing this might help in the creation of new possibilities and visions for Olympism and sport and allow us to confront some of the disagreeable contemporary concerns in sport that scholars have identified. The new imagery for Olympism is based on the development of a critical pedagogy that draws on the works of Apple, Freire and Kincheloe, and is re-contextualised for school physical education and sports programmes. It is concluded that decisions, behaviours and actions that are made at present actually propagate many of the policies that will be made tomorrow. It is argued that a critical pedagogy for Olympism is needed to address the many current disagreeable aspects of sport.
Sense of meaning influences mental functioning in chronic renal patients
Authors: Iani Luca , Lauriola Marco , Angeramo Andrea-René , Malinconico Elena , Porcelli Piero
Published: June 2018

In this preliminary study, we examined whether aspects of spiritual well-being accounted for mental and physical health-related quality of life in 68 patients with end-stage renal disease, when controlling for age, type of treatment, physical symptoms, and worries. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that meaning was associated with better mental health, while worry and physical symptoms also accounted for poor mental health. Faith and peace did not contribute to mental health. Older age, type of treatment (hemodialysis), and physical symptoms accounted for poor physical health. Our findings suggest that clinicians should include spiritual well-being in future interventions for end-stage renal disease patients.
The provision of partial notes is not associated with improved student attention in lectures or subsequent understanding of the lecture material
Authors: Machida Keitaro , Chin Michelle , Johnson Katherine A
Published: June 2018

To optimize learning in lectures, students need to maintain a sustained level of attention to the lecture material. Previous research has suggested, however, that student attention declines over the course of the lecture. One strategy suggested to improve sustained attention of students during the lecture is to encourage note-taking by students. The provision of partial notes, where parts of the lecture slide materials are removed, has been associated with improved academic outcomes of students. Few studies, however, have directly compared the effects of partial notes on student attention with the provision of complete notes or no notes at all. This study investigated the effects of the provision of these three types of lecture notes on note quality through the lecture, a proxy measure of sustained attention, and on subsequent short-term factual retention of the lecture material. In total, 41 students were randomly assigned to one of the three notes groups. They listened to a lecture while taking notes and then completed a multiple-choice quiz. Their notes were evaluated for note quality. No advantage of using partial notes was found on the measures of sustained attention or on the results of the multiple-choice quiz, contrary to previous findings. Student sustained attention did degrade over the course of the lecture; this degradation occurred for all note type groups. This study suggests that educators within the higher education system reconsider the use of partial notes in lectures.
Improving the Study of Social Representations through Word Associations: Validation of Semantic Contextualization
Authors: Piermattéo Anthony , Tavani Jean-Louis , Monaco Grégory Lo
Published: June 2018

To grasp how individuals and groups perceive social objects of their environment, word association tasks enable the cognitions associated with a given object to be collected. However, the lack of information regarding the meaning of these responses implies interpretation and subjectivity in their analysis. To reduce this subjectivity, this research aims to validate semantic contextualization (SC), a procedure that allows participants to explain the link they establish between their response and the object under study. In an experimental study, we asked 94 undergraduate students to categorize the results of word association tasks, having available or not the responses resulting from the SC task. We observed that SC improved categorization at different levels such as perception of the difficulty of the task, agreement between participants, uncertainty, and homogeneity of the categorization. These results lead us to consider this method a useful addition to word association tasks.
Radiomics for Response and Outcome Assessment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shi Liting , He Yaoyao , Yuan Zilong , Benedict Stanley , Valicenti Richard , Qiu Jianfeng , Rong Yi
Published: June 2018

Routine follow-up visits and radiographic imaging are required for outcome evaluation and tumor recurrence monitoring. Yet more personalized surveillance is required in order to sufficiently address the nature of heterogeneity in nonsmall cell lung cancer and possible recurrences upon completion of treatment. Radiomics, an emerging noninvasive technology using medical imaging analysis and data mining methodology, has been adopted to the area of cancer diagnostics in recent years. Its potential application in response assessment for cancer treatment has also drawn considerable attention. Radiomics seeks to extract a large amount of valuable information from patients’ medical images (both pretreatment and follow-up images) and quantitatively correlate image features with diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes. Radiomics relies on computers to identify and analyze vast amounts of quantitative image features that were previously overlooked, unmanageable, or failed to be identified (and recorded) by human eyes. The research area has been focusing on the predictive accuracy of pretreatment features for outcome and response and the early discovery of signs of tumor response, recurrence, distant metastasis, radiation-induced lung injury, death, and other outcomes, respectively. This review summarized the application of radiomics in response assessments in radiotherapy and chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer, including image acquisition/reconstruction, region of interest definition/segmentation, feature extraction, and feature selection and classification. The literature search for references of this article includes PubMed peer-reviewed publications over the last 10 years on the topics of radiomics, textural features, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, lung cancer, and response assessment. Summary tables of radiomics in response assessment and treatment outcome prediction in radiation oncology have been developed based on the comprehensive review of the literature.
Optimal Treatment for Ruptured Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Aneurysm Caused by Celiac Artery Obstruction Due to Celiac Artery Dissection
Authors: Otsuka Hiroyuki , Sato Toshiki , Aoki Hiromichi , Nakagawa Yoshihide , Inokuchi Sadaki
Published: June 2018

A pancreaticoduodenal artery (PDA) aneurysm develops due to increased flow through the pancreaticoduodenal arcade in the setting of celiac or superior mesenteric artery occlusion. Additionally, there is no evidence on the computed tomography scan or angiography images that the dissection process extends to the PDA arcade. Moreover, the optimal treatment protocols for PDA aneurysms with celiac artery obstruction and for celiac artery dissection are controversial. We report 2 cases of ruptured PDA aneurysms caused by celiac artery obstruction due to celiac artery dissection in which the aneurysm was excluded, but celiac artery revascularization was not performed successfully. Our cases indicate that endovascular management for ruptured PDA aneurysms and conservative management for celiac artery obstruction due to celiac artery dissection are feasible as first-line treatment in such cases.
Investigation of Plasma Inflammatory Profile in Diabetic Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lareyre Fabien , Moratal Claudine , Chikande Julien , Jean-Baptiste Elixène , Hassen-Khodja Réda , Neels Jaap , Chinetti Giulia , Raffort Juliette
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Clinical studies have unraveled a negative association between diabetes and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether diabetic patients with AAA had a distinct plasma inflammatory profile compared to nondiabetic patients.

Methods:

Plasma samples were obtained from 10 diabetic patients with AAA and 10 nondiabetic patients with AAA. The relative protein expression of 92 inflammatory-related human protein biomarkers was assessed by proximity extension assay technology using Proseek Multiplex Inflammation I kit (Olink).

Results:

Clinical characteristics were similar in diabetic patients with AAA compared to nondiabetic patients with AAA, the median ages being 67 and 73 years, respectively ( P = .61). The AAA diameters were, respectively, 50 and 49 mm ( P = .72). Among the 92 markers screened, 67 (72.8%) were detected in all samples. Diabetic patients had significantly lower protein expression of C-C motif chemokine 19 (CCL19) and C-C motif chemokine 23 (CCL23; 542.3 vs 980.3, P = .01 and 1236 vs 1406, P = .04, respectively). They tended to have higher expression of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14) compared to controls (14.6 vs 10.8, P = .05).

Conclusion:

Diabetic patients with AAA differentially expressed CCL19, CCL23 and TNFSF14 in plasma compared to nondiabetic patients with AAA. Further studies are required to determine whether the markers identified could play a role in the negative association between diabetes and AAA pathogenesis.
An improved nonlocal sparse regularization-based image deblurring via novel similarity criteria
Authors: Wang Nannan , Shi Wenxuan , Fan Ci’en , Zou Lian
Published: June 2018

Image deblurring is a challenging problem in image processing, which aims to reconstruct an original high-quality image from its blurred measurement caused by various factors, for example, imperfect focusing caused by the imaging system or different depths of scene appearing commonly in our daily photos. Recently, sparse representation whose basic idea is to code an image patch as a linear combination of a few atoms chosen out from an over-complete dictionary has shown uplifting results in image deblurring. Based on this and another heart-stirring property called nonlocal self-similarity, some researchers have developed nonlocal sparse regularization models to unify the local sparsity and the nonlocal self-similarity into a variational framework for image deblurring. In such models, the similarity evaluation for searching similar image patches is indispensable and influential in deblurring performance. Though the traditional Euclidean distance is generally a choice as a similarity metric, its application might give rise to inferior performance since it fails to capture the intrinsic structure of image patches. Consequently, in this article, based on structural similarity index and principal component analysis, we propose the nonlocal sparse regularization-based image deblurring with novel similarity criteria called structural similarity distance and principal component analysis-subspace Euclidean distance to improve the accuracy of deblurring. The structural similarity index is commonly used for assessing perceptual image quality, and principal component analysis is pervasively used in pattern recognition and dimensionality reduction. In our comprehensive experiments, the nonlocal sparse regularization-based image deblurring with our novel similarity criteria has achieved higher peak signal-to-noise and favorable consistency with subjective vision perception compared with state-of-the-art deblurring algorithms.
Combining images and words in order to understand the cultural meaning of practices: What photo-elicitation reveals
Authors: Ndione Louis César , Remy Eric
Published: June 2018

Photo-elicitation (or photo-interview) is a qualitative research method that can be used to enrich understanding of consumers in the course of research on the socio-cultural meaning of consumption practices. This article seeks to demonstrate the value of using photo-elicitation when the aim is to describe, question and supplement consumers’ lived experiences. After having outlined the principles of the method and the main elements of its implementation, we will describe the various areas in which photo-elicitation is deployed. Finally, taking Senegalese migration as a starting point, the methodological and thematic contributions of photo-elicitation will be illustrated with reference to research on the socio-cultural and identity-related registers at work in consumption during migratory phenomena.
Acehnese Teachers Teaching English to Rohingya Refugees: Process and Cultural Barriers
Authors: Yasin Burhanuddin , Yusuf Yunisrina Qismullah , Junita Mawar
Published: June 2018

Rohingya people being sheltered in East Aceh, Indonesia, are taught English to prepare them for their future resettlement in Western countries; these countries are as determined by the United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The Rohingya are taught English by local Acehnese mentors at UNHCR refugee camps. This research was designed to study the classroom environment, teaching processes, and cultural barriers between mentors and refugees. Data were collected at one UNHCR camp in East Aceh using three instruments: classroom observation, video recordings, and interviews with six mentors and 30 refugees taking part in the course. The data were analyzed qualitatively based on Prosser and Loxley, and Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. This article provides a detailed discussion of the research findings. It is hoped that this research will be a starting point for further investigation into effective teaching process to overcome cultural barriers, not just in Aceh, but in other places that provide temporary shelter for Rohingya refugees.
Are Content-Specific Curricula Differentially Effective in Head Start or State Prekindergarten Classrooms?
Authors: Nguyen Tutrang , Jenkins Jade Marcus , Auger Whitaker Anamarie
Published: June 2018

Head Start and state prekindergarten (pre-K) programs can boost the school readiness of low-income children through the use of effective preschool curricula. Encouraging results from some studies suggest that children who receive targeted or content-specific curricular supplements (e.g., literacy or math) during preschool show moderate to large improvements in that targeted content domain, but recent research also suggests differences in children’s school readiness among different preschool program settings. We examine whether children in Head Start or public pre-K classrooms differentially benefit from the use of randomly assigned classroom curricula targeting specific academic domains. Our results indicate that children in both Head Start and public pre-K classrooms benefit from targeted, content-specific curricula. Future research is needed to examine the specific mechanisms and classroom processes through which curricula help improve children’s outcomes.
Mapping the Patient Journey Across the Continuum: Lessons Learned From One Patient’s Experience
Authors: Meyer Melanie A
Published: June 2018

Patient-centered care is essential for achieving high-quality and cost-effective health care. This is particularly important for patients with chronic or complex conditions who utilize more health-care services and require comprehensive care coordination. This case report draws on a longitudinal journey map—a valuable tool to capture patient experience and inform the care process—for a patient with multiple chronic conditions who needed a hip replacement. An analysis of the patient journey revealed 3 critical needs for a more patient-centered process: (1) making the patient health goal visible; (2) instigating transparent, shared decision-making; and (3) using a closed-loop communication process. Although key challenges exist, systems can facilitate more patient-centered care enabling health-care organizations to improve the patient experience across the continuum and provide higher quality care.
Safety of nintedanib added to pirfenidone treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Flaherty Kevin R. , Fell Charlene D. , Huggins J. Terrill , Nunes Hilario , Sussman Robert , Valenzuela Claudia , Petzinger Ute , Stauffer John L. , Gilberg Frank , Bengus Monica , Wijsenbeek Marlies
Published: June 2018

We assessed safety and tolerability of treatment with pirfenidone (1602–2403 mg·day−1) and nintedanib (200–300 mg·day−1) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

This 24-week, single-arm, open-label, phase IV study (ClinicalTrials.govidentifierNCT02598193) enrolled patients with IPF with forced vital capacity % pred ≥50% and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide % pred ≥30%. Before initiating nintedanib, patients had received pirfenidone for ≥16 weeks and tolerated a stable dose of ≥1602 mg·day−1for ≥28 days. The primary end-point was the proportion of patients who completed 24 weeks of combination treatment on pirfenidone (1602–2403 mg·day−1) and nintedanib (200–300 mg·day−1). Investigators recorded treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), attributing them to pirfenidone, nintedanib, both or neither.

89 patients were enrolled; 73 completed 24 weeks of treatment (69 meeting the primary end-point) and 16 discontinued treatment prematurely (13 due to TEAEs). 74 patients had 418 treatment-related TEAEs, of which diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting were the most common. Two patients had serious treatment-related TEAEs.

Combined pirfenidone and nintedanib use for 24 weeks was tolerated by the majority of patients with IPF and associated with a similar pattern of TEAEs expected for either treatment alone. These results encourage further study of combination treatment with pirfenidone and nintedanib in patients with IPF.
Serotonergic antidepressant use and morbidity and mortality among older adults with COPD
Authors: Vozoris Nicholas T. , Wang Xuesong , Austin Peter C. , Stephenson Anne L. , O'Donnell Denis E. , Gershon Andrea S. , Gill Sudeep S. , Rochon Paula A.
Published: June 2018

We evaluated the relationship between new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) drug use and respiratory-related morbidity and mortality among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

This was a retrospective population-based cohort study using heath administrative data from Ontario, Canada. Individuals aged ≥66 years, with validated, physician-diagnosed COPD (n=131 718) were included. New SSRI/SNRI users were propensity score matched 1:1 to controls on 40 relevant covariates to minimise potential confounding.

Among propensity score matched community-dwelling individuals, new SSRI/SNRI users compared to non-users had significantly higher rates of hospitalisation for COPD or pneumonia (hazard ratio (HR) 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.25), emergency room visits for COPD or pneumonia (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.24), COPD or pneumonia-related mortality (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.55) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11–1.29). In addition, respiratory-specific and all-cause mortality rates were higher among long-term care home residents newly starting SSRI/SNRI drugsversuscontrols.

New use of serotonergic antidepressants was associated with small, but significant, increases in rates of respiratory-related morbidity and mortality among older adults with COPD. Further research is needed to clarify if the observed associations are causal or instead reflect unresolved confounding.
Hyperactivity precedes conduct problems in preschool children: a longitudinal study
Authors: Gustafsson Berit M. , Danielsson Henrik , Granlund Mats , Gustafsson Per A. , Proczkowska Marie
Published: June 2018

Background

Externalising problems are among the most common symptoms of mental health problems in preschool children.

Aims

To investigate the development of externalising problems in preschool children over time, and the way in which conduct problems are linked to hyperactivity problems.

Method

In this longitudinal study, 195 preschool children were included. Latent growth modelling of conduct problems was carried out, with gender and hyperactivity at year 1 as time-invariant predictors.

Results

Hyperactivity was a significant predictor for the intercept and slope of conduct problems. Children with more hyperactivity at year 1 had more conduct problems and a slower reduction in conduct problems. Gender was a significant predictor for the slope of conduct problems.

Conclusions

Children with more initial hyperactivity have less of a reduction in conduct problems over time. It is important to consider the role of hyperactivity in studies of the development of conduct problems.

Declaration of interest

None.
Ketamine as a Rapid Sequence Induction Agent in the Trauma Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Baekgaard Josefine S. , Eskesen Trine G. , Sillesen Martin , Rasmussen Lars S. , Steinmetz Jacob
Published: June 2018

The choice of drug used to facilitate endotracheal intubation in trauma patients during rapid sequence induction (RSI) may have an impact on survival. Ketamine is commonly used in the hemodynamically unstable trauma patient although it has been associated with side effects. This review sought to investigate whether ketamine should be preferred over other induction agents for RSI in trauma patients. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched on September 19, 2016 for studies reporting RSI of adult trauma patients with ketamine compared with another induction agent (etomidate, propofol, thiopental, or midazolam). No language restrictions were applied. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and secondary outcomes included information on blood transfusions, length of hospital stay, and hospital mortality. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool for randomized trials and the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions for nonrandomized studies of intervention. A total of 4 studies were included. A cohort study from 1976 compared thiopental (n = 26) with ketamine (n = 14) for RSI in trauma patients. The primary outcome was number of blood transfusions, and no significant difference was found. Risk of bias was judged to be serious. A randomized controlled trial from 2009 compared etomidate (n = 57) with ketamine (n = 47) and found no significant difference in 28-day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.8 [0.4–2.0]). The trial was judged to have a low risk of bias. Two cohort studies from 2015 and 2017 also compared etomidate (n = 116 and n = 526) with ketamine (n = 145 and n = 442). No significant difference in hospital mortality between the groups was observed (OR, 1.11 [0.38–3.27] and OR, 1.41 [0.91–2.16], respectively). Both studies were judged to have a moderate risk of bias, thus excluding the possibility of a meaningful meta-analysis. The study from 2017 also reported number of units of blood transfused during the first 48 hours after trauma and length of hospital stay. No significant differences were observed (OR, 1.14 [0.87–1.49] and OR, 1.1 [0.95–1.27], respectively). Extremely few studies have compared induction agents for RSI in trauma patients. No significant differences have been found in mortality, length of hospital stay, or number of blood transfusions after induction with ketamine compared to other induction agents, but a clinically relevant benefit or harm cannot be excluded.
Perioperative Blood Management, Red Cell Recovery (Cell Salvage) Practice in an Australian Tertiary Hospital: A Hospital District Clinical Audit
Authors: Forrest Elizabeth A. , Togo Penny , Kan Alistair G. , De Cruz Shaun E.
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:

Data on red cell recovery (cell salvage) utilization in Australia are limited and national guidance is based on a single Australian audit conducted at a hospital that excludes cardiothoracic surgery. This clinical audit aimed to analyze the utility of red cell recovery at a tertiary health care facility which includes cardiothoracic surgery. Secondary aims of this study were to identify specific surgical procedures in which red cell recovery is most beneficial and to quantify this benefit.

METHODS:

Data were collected retrospectively on all adult red cell recovery surgical cases conducted at a 2-campus health care facility over a 2-year period. Case demographic data, including surgical procedure, red blood cell return, and hematocrit levels, were collated and analyzed against national cell salvage guidelines. Average return per procedure was collated into a red cell recovery benefit analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 471 red cell recovery cases for 85 surgical procedures met inclusion criteria. Of the 7 surgical subspecialties utilizing red cell recovery, orthopedics utilized the most cases (22.9%, n = 108), followed by urology (19.1%, n = 90) and cardiothoracic surgery (18.3%, n = 86). Radical retropubic prostatectomy (11.7%), revision (7.6%), and primary (6.6%) total hip replacement were the most utilized procedures. Red cell recovery use had a 79% compliance rate with national guidelines. Vascular surgery and urology had the highest average return at 699 mL (interquartile range, 351–1127; CI, 449–852) and 654 mL (interquartile range, 363–860; CI, 465–773), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Overall, our center demonstrated good compliance with national red cell recovery guidelines. This audit adds to the existing data on red cell recovery practice in Australia and provides a benefit-specific surgical procedure guideline that includes cardiothoracic surgery.
Effect of initial body orientation on escape probability in prey fish escaping from predators
Authors: Kimura Hibiki , Kawabata Yuuki
Published: June 2018

The kinematic and behavioral components of the escape response can affect the outcomes of predator-prey interactions. For example, because sensory perception range can have spatial bias, and because the turn duration before the initiation of escape locomotion can be smaller when prey is oriented away from predators, the prey's body orientation relative to a predator at the onset of the escape response (initial orientation) could affect whether prey successfully evade predators. We tested this hypothesis by recording the escape responses of juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major) to the predatory scorpion fish (Sebastiscus marmoratus). Flight initiation distance tended to be small when prey were attacked from behind, suggesting that the prey have spatial bias in detecting attacking predators. An increase in flight initiation distance increased escape probability. An increase in initial orientation decreased turn duration and increased escape probability when the effect of flight initiation distance was offset. These results suggest that the initial orientation affects escape probability through two different pathways: changes in flight initiation distance and turn duration. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating initial orientation into other studies of the kinematics of predator-prey interactions.
EB1 contributes to microtubule bundling and organization, along with root growth, in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Molines Arthur T. , Marion Jessica , Chabout Salem , Besse Laetitia , Dompierre Jim P. , Mouille Grégory , Coquelle Frédéric M.
Published: June 2018

Microtubules are involved in plant development and adaptation to their environment, but the sustaining molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Microtubule-end-binding 1 (EB1) proteins participate in directional root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, a connection to the underlying microtubule array has not been established yet. We show here that EB1 proteins contribute to the organization of cortical microtubules in growing epidermal plant cells, without significant modulation of microtubule dynamics. Using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and an original quantification approach, we also demonstrate a significant reduction of apparent microtubule bundling in cytoplasmic-EB1-deficient plants, suggesting a function for EB1 in the interaction between adjacent microtubules. Furthermore, we observed root growth defects in EB1-deficient plants, which are not related to cell division impairment. Altogether, our results support a role for EB1 proteins in root development, in part by maintaining the organization of cortical microtubules.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Do Free Trade Agreements Affect Tariffs of Nonmember Countries? A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation
Authors: Saggi Kamal , Stoyanov Andrey , Yildiz Halis Murat
Published: June 2018

We investigate the effects of free trade agreements (FTAs) on tariffs of nonmember countries. In our multi-country model, the formation of an FTA leads members to reduce their exports to the rest of the world. Such external trade diversion weakens the ability of nonmembers to manipulate their terms of trade vis-à-vis FTA members, a mechanism that induces them to lower their tariffs on FTA members. We empirically confirm this insight using industry-level trade data for 192 importing and 253 exporting countries, along with information on all FTAs formed in the world during 1989–2011. (JEL F13, F14)
The Impacts of Industrial and Entrepreneurial Work on Income and Health: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Blattman Christopher , Dercon Stefan
Published: June 2018

Working with five Ethiopian firms, we randomized applicants to an industrial job offer, an “entrepreneurship” program of $300 plus business training, or control status. Industrial jobs offered more and steadier hours but low wages and risky conditions. The job offer doubled exposure to industrial work but, since most quit within months, had no impact on employment or income after a year. Applicants largely took industrial work to cope with adverse shocks. This exposure, meanwhile, significantly increased health problems. The entrepreneurship program raised earnings 33 percent and provided steadier hours. When barriers to self-employment were relieved, applicants preferred entrepreneurial to industrial labor. (JEL D22, I12, J23, J28, J81, L26, M53)
Análisis de Política Pública de Infancia y Adolescencia en Bogotá, D. C., 2011-2021, Colombia
Authors: Rozo Nathaly , Vargas Trujillo Zulma
Published: June 2018

Los derechos humanos, que incluyen los derechos de los niños, son concebidos como el contenido sustancial del sistema democrático y enmarcan al Estado y a la construcción social de las familias. El objetivo fue analizar el desarrollo y puesta en marcha de la política pública de la infancia y adolescencia 2011-2021 para Bogotá. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo de base documental fundamentado en la metodología propuesta por Ordoñez-Matamoros. Los resultados evidenciaron que las necesidades definidas fueron interpretadas a conveniencia del tomador de decisión y de acuerdo con la estructura de gobierno de la política. El proceso de identificación de tipologías de la política pública distrital permitió comprender la complejidad del ejercicio y entender que en muchos casos es válida la existencia implícita de múltiples tipos, debido a la diversidad de los contenidos e intencionalidades enmarcados en ella; sin embargo, es necesario que sea incluyente hacia la población en general para que así se transforme en una ventana de oportunidades para el desarrollo humano en todas sus dimensiones.
La Economía Política Internacional en el campo de las Relaciones Internacionales argentinas
Authors: Deciancio Melisa
Published: June 2018

Este trabajo busca responder a la pregunta acerca de cuáles han sido los principales aportes de la Economía Política Internacional (EPI) al devenir histórico del campo intelectual de las Relaciones Internacionales (RI) en Argentina. El Trabajo se inscribe en dar respuesta a una pregunta más amplia acerca del proceso de constitución del campo de las ri como disciplina académica autónoma en Argentina. Se indagará sobre los aportes realizados por la epi, especialmente, el estructuralismo latinoamericano y el desarrollismo, como espacios de producción teórica y conceptual desde donde se construye parte del pensamiento sobre la realidad internacional. El objetivo del trabajo  girará en torno a reconstruir la agenda de epi y su contribución al desarrollo de las ri argentinas mediante la observación y análisis de los principales autores y conceptos, las instituciones que han servido como espacios de producción de conocimiento y las revistas especializadas que actuaron como plataformas para la difusión de temas e ideas.
Ideas y política exterior económica en el mundo en desarrollo. El caso de la salida de Uruguay de las negociaciones del TiSA
Authors: Pose Ferraro Nicolás
Published: June 2018

Ante la emergencia de nuevos procesos y reglas para el gobierno del comercio internacional, impulsadas por los países avanzados, los países emergentes y en desarrollo (PED) divergen en su grado de aceptación e incorporación a las mismas, con diversas consecuencias para su acceso a los principales mercados y para el mantenimiento de su espacio para implementar políticas públicas. Este trabajo propone que las ideas sobre el desarrollo económico contribuyen al entendimiento de esta variación. Esto se debe —se argumenta— a que la inclusión de reglas sobre “aspectos relacionados con el comercio” genera incertidumbre entre los decisores de los PED, la cual es superada mediante el significado que las ideas sobre el desarrollo, en tanto marcos generales de pensamiento, asignan a los contenidos propuestos. Con el argumento propuesto se busca explicar el caso de la salida de Uruguay de las negociaciones del Trade in Services Agreement. Empíricamente, se encuentra que dicho argumento explica en mejor medida las posiciones de las principales fracciones del partido de gobierno y, por ende, la decisión tomada, que argumentos rivales basados en la lógica de representación de intereses y en la agregación de intereses generada por las instituciones electorales.
Mitigating the damaging effects of tissue distortions by using a low-friction heel protector
Authors: Schofield Alison
Published: June 2018

This article reports the finding of a small non-controlled evaluation over a 2-week period in three different care settings: a residential care home, an acute stroke unit and a community intermediate care hospital. At initial recruitment 30 patients were identified by clinical assessment as being at high risk of developing a heel pressure ulcer. Further inclusion criteria were identifying heels that had signs of pressure damage occurring, blanching and non-blanching erythema, blistering and category 2 ulceration. In all, 15 patients fully completed the evaluation over a 14-day period. The mean age was 86 years. The low-friction bootee was worn constantly while in bed and seated in chairs, only being removed for heel checks and hygiene care. No patients were independently mobile during the evaluation; products were not worn to walk in due to a risk of falling—patients in the community hospital who had to mobilise for rehabilitation removed the bootees for this activity. All had pressure mapping and ultrasound of pedal pulses prior and after evaluation by the tissue viability specialist nurse. Results of pressure mapping showed a reduction of peak heel pressures on application of the bootees and a final review of reduction in visual signs of heel damage, reduced pain, increased comfort and ease of use. These results indicate that a standardised care pathway approach to heel protection using low-friction heel bootees is effective in all care settings for the reduction and prevention of heel pressure damage.
Do the hustle
Authors: Smethurst Christine
Published: June 2018

Christine Smethurst suggests we need to find it in ourselves to get motivated – and inspire
Don't PANIC
Authors: Ellwood Fiona
Published: June 2018

Fiona Ellwood, patron of the Society of Dental Nurses, explains all you need to know about the upcoming ECPD
Study at home
Authors: Robinson Karen
Published: June 2018

Karen Robinson considers how best to prepare for assessments in dental nursing
The ever so useful secrets of an experienced dental nurse
Authors: Newton Melanie
Published: June 2018

Eyes right, be flexible, find a balance and keep fit – Melanie Newton shares her essential guide to making life easier at work
Making sure you're the perfect fit
Authors: Bridges Glenys
Published: June 2018

Glenys Bridges considers the challenges, responsibilities and ultimate benefits of the lead dental nurse role
Sociabilidad online en grupos juveniles de Facebook en Chile: un estudio mediante etnografía virtual.
Authors: Mendoza Riquelme Catalina , Ganter Solís Rodrigo , Basulto Gallegos Oscar
Published: June 2018

Este artículo surge desde una investigación exploratoria realizada durante el año 2016. Dicho estudio tuvo por objetivo conocer las formas de sociabilidad construidas por un grupo juvenil de Facebook chileno denominado “NRN”[1]. Para ello, a través de una etnografía virtual[2], se identificaron algunos rasgos, dinámicas y modos de funcionamiento practicados por sus miembros. Entre los hallazgos se constató que la forma más frecuente para socializar era la publicación de un conjunto de autofotos o selfies, siguiendo una actividad diaria establecida por los administradores del grupo. El análisis de una selección de las publicaciones recolectadas reveló que las/os jóvenes comparten un repertorio de prácticas corporales performativas para lograr una valoración positiva de su imagen dentro de la comunidad.[1] NRN es la sigla asignada para ocultar el verdadero nombre de la comunidad investigada y, con ello, proteger la identidad de sus miembros. [2]La presente publicación se enmarca dentro de la discusión de resultados del proyecto FONDECYT nº 11140866.
O SENADO FEDERAL E A IMPROVÁVEL REFORMA POLÍTICA NECESSÁRIA
Authors: Cintra Carlos César Sousa , Neto Raimundo Augusto Fernandes
Published: June 2018

Analisa a viabilidade da eleição majoritária para o Senado da República, com a função precípua dos senadores de representação dos interesses dos Estados Federados, prevista no art. 46, da Constituição Federal do Brasil. Buscam-se, nas crises política e econômica, vivenciadas no Brasil, razões fáticas habilitadas a rediscussão do ofício do Senado, como equilíbrio do pacto federativo, abalado com a concentração do poder político e financeiro da União, em detrimento dos entes federativos, dependentes dos “favores” financeiros do poder central, ante a impossibilidade de se financiarem com arrecadação própria. Para tanto, mediante revisão bibliográfica e histórica do papel do Senado no Brasil, com apoio nos estudos dos paradigmas de federalismo – Estados Unidos e Alemanha – propõe-se uma solução intermediária, respeitando o histórico do pleito direto para senador no Brasil, com a eleição atrelada à “chapa” majoritária de governador e vice-governador, a cada eleição geral.
PAGAMENTO POR SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS NO CONTEXTO DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE RESÍDUOS: O CASO DO PROJETO DE LEI DE FLORIANÓPOLIS
Authors: Silva Carolina Schauffert Ávila da , Leite José Rubens Morato
Published: June 2018

Fritjof Capra, em sua obra “As Conexões Ocultas: ciência para uma vida sustentável” propõe o chamado “remanejamento fiscal”, onde através da concessão de incentivos, os contribuintes adotarão estratégias de projetos ecológicos. O trabalho analisará o remanejamento fiscal de Capra, através do método dedutivo, e a sua aplicação através do Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais Urbanos, relativos aos resíduos sólidos, caracterizando forte instrumento na defesa do meio ambiente. O ensaio objetiva trazer um enfoque teórico, reflexivo e proativo da proposta que objetiva a introdução de normas premiais, estabelecendo um instrumento fora do sistema tradicional da tutela administrativa de comando e controle, estabelecendo um instrumento econômico de pagamento por serviços ambientais voltados as pessoas vulneráveis da sociedade, como foco da política de resíduos a nível do âmbito local da Capital do Estado de Santa Catarina.
A JURISDIÇÃO NO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO: UMA BREVE ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO ATIVISTA JUDICIAL
Authors: Dalalba Jennifer Leal Furtado Barreto , Souilljee Liege Giaretta , Nistler Regiane
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar breve análise acerca do ativismo judicial, demonstrando especialmente a sua íntima ligação com os anseios sociais, evidenciados principalmente pelo modelo social de Estado. A pesquisa é dividida em duas seções, sendo que na primeira são analisados alguns pressupostos teóricos básicos acerca do Estado, como conceito, características, especialmente a jurisdição, e as formas estatais. Em ato contínuo e ao arremate, o instituto do ativismo judicial é estudado a partir da sua diferenciação da judicialização da política, seu conceito, assim como o curso que tem tomado. A metodologia utilizada é a pesquisa normativa (Constituição Federal de 1988, leis, etc.) e doutrinária.
O SERVIDOR PÚBLICO E O DIREITO DE GREVE – EM DEFESA DA EFETIVAÇÃO DE UM DIREITO SOCIAL FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Nelson Rocco Antonio Rangel Rosso , Teixeira Walkyria de Oliveira Rocha , Nelson Isabel Cristina Amaral de Sousa Rosso
Published: June 2018

A Constituição Federal de 1988 vem a se destacar das demais cartas constitucionais, dentre várias razões, por ser a primeira a respaldar a legitimidade do direito de greve dos servidores públicos civis. O cerne da problemática está no fato de que após mais de 29 anos da publicação da Constituição “cidadã” o legislativo encontra-se omisso em regular o direito de greve do servidor público o que acarreta uma enorme insegurança jurídica quanto a forma e os limites do exercício do referido direito fundamental. A pesquisa em tela, fazendo uso de uma metodologia de análise qualitativa, usando-se os métodos de abordagem hipotético-dedutivos de caráter descritivo e analítico, adotando-se técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, tem por desiderato fazer uma análise sobre o direito de greve do servidor público, em sentido lato, bem como a efetivação de tal norma constitucional em decorrência da recente decisão do STF em sede de Recurso Extraordinário nº 693.436.
RACIONALIDADE JURÍDICA E ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A DECISÃO JURÍDICA A PARTIR DE MAX WEBER
Authors: Hommerding Adalberto Narciso , Motta Francisco José Borges
Published: June 2018

Este artigo visa a examinar a racionalidade da decisão jurídica, nos quadros de um Estado Democrático de Direito, a partir de uma releitura da obra de Max Weber. A validade/legitimidade do direito, em Weber, reside não apenas no reconhecimento, mas na possibilidade de coerção. Já em Democracias Constitucionais a validade passa a ser uma validade qualificada, pois a norma jurídica, seja ela no sentido de texto legal ou como produto da interpretação judicial, deve estar em conformidade com o conteúdo material da Constituição. Pretende-se situar, analiticamente, os impactos desta transformação na discussão weberiana a respeito das racionalidades da ação social, ora orientadas a valores, ora a fins. Para tanto, será estabelecido um diálogo, num primeiro momento, com o pensamento de Luigi Ferrajoli sobre a validade do Direito; e, num segundo, com o de Ronald Dworkin, que concebe a decisão judicial como uma ação gerada por princípios.
DEVERES FUNDAMENTAIS E SOBERANIA POPULAR: A DESOBEDIÊNCIA CIVIL COMO MECANISMO DE PARTICIPAÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA E PROMOÇÃO DE DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS
Authors: Costa Luís Otávio Monteiro , Fabriz Daury Cesar
Published: June 2018

O artigo objetiva analisar a desobediência civil como um instrumento útil para fins de exercício da democracia direta nos casos em que se vislumbre a edição de leis injustas ou que violem direitos. Argumenta-se que, diante da ineficiência no emprego de mecanismos de democracia direta e da patente crise de legitimidade dos representantes, o povo brasileiro se encontra distanciado das tensões políticas que fundamentam a criação de leis e medidas por parte do governo, sendo a desobediência uma forma não institucionalizada, porém eficaz, de manifestação política contra leis injustas. Ademais, buscar-se-á demonstrar que, para além de um direito fundamental ou um dever moral, a desobediência civil, à luz do princípio republicano e democrático, pode ser compreendida com um dever fundamental a ser praticado em situações em que a lei ou medida governamental considerada injusta reprima direitos fixados no ordenamento jurídico.