bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of preservation on the quantification of morphology and patterns of disparity within Paleozoic echinoderms
Authors: Deline Bradley , Thomka James R.
Published: February 2017

The loss of information resulting from taphonomic degradation could represent a significant bias in the study of morphological diversity. This potential bias is even more concerning given the uneven effect of taphonomy across taxonomic groups, depositional facies, and stratigraphic successions and in response to secular changes through the Phanerozoic. The effect of taphonomic degradation is examined using character-based morphological data sets describing disparity in Paleozoic crinoids and blastozoans. Characters were sequentially excluded from the analyses following progressive taphonomic loss to determine how morphologic metrics, such as the relative distribution of taxa in morphospace and partial disparity, changed with increasing taphonomic alteration. Blastozoans showed very little change in these metrics with decreasing preservational quality, which is a result of characters that create distance in morphospace being recognizable in isolated plates. The opposite result is present in crinoids as the characters that are important in structuring the morphospace require intact modules (i.e., the calyx) to accurately assess. Temporal and stratigraphic trends produced encouraging results in that patterns could be largely recovered even with exaggerated taphonomic biases. However, certain parts of a stratigraphic sequence should be avoided and morphological outliers could potentially play a larger role through time, though both of these biases can be easily identified and avoided. The methods presented in this study provide a way to assess potential taphonomic biases in character-based studies of morphological diversity.
The N3 potential and the efferent cochlear pathway in profound sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Abou-Elew M H , Hosni N A , Obaid E A , Ewida A H
Published: February 2017

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of the N3 potential (acoustically evoked short latency negative response) in profound sensorineural hearing loss, its association with the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential and the relationship between both potentials and loss of auditory function.

Methods:

Otological examinations of 66 ears from 50 patients aged from 4 to 36 years were performed, and the vestibular evoked myogenic potential and auditory brainstem response were measured.

Results:

The N3 potential was recorded in 36 out of 66 ears (55 per cent) and a vestibular evoked myogenic potential was recorded in 34 (52 per cent). The N3 potential was recorded in 23 out of 34 ears (68 per cent) with a vestibular evoked myogenic potential response and absent in 19 out of 32 ears (59 per cent) without a vestibular evoked myogenic potential response. The presence of an N3 potential was significantly associated with a vestibular evoked myogenic potential response (p= 0.028), but there was no significant difference in the latency or amplitude of the N3 potential in either the presence or absence of a vestibular evoked myogenic potential.

Conclusion:

The presence of an N3 potential in profound sensorineural hearing loss with good or poor vestibular function can be explained by the contribution of the efferent cochlear pathway through olivocochlear fibres that join the inferior vestibular nerve. This theory is supported by its early latency and reversed polarity, which is masked in normal hearing by auditory brainstem response waves.
A MAYACURIA REGIS: EVIDENCE FOR A HIERARCHICAL SPECIALIST ORDER AT XULTUN, GUATEMALA
Authors: Saturno William , Rossi Franco D. , Stuart David , Hurst Heather
Published: February 2017

This article presents an in-depth analysis of an important mural painting discovered within Structure 10K2 of the Los Sabios Group at the Classic Maya site of Xultun, Guatemala. We first discuss the composition of the mural scene and its central protagonist, a Late Classic period (a.d.550–900) ruler of Xultun named Yax We'nel Chan K'inich, suggesting that it presents a ritual performance associated with an ancient New Year ceremony. Several attendant figures in the mural are labeled as members of a specialist order or category calledTaaj, “obsidian,” and are marked by an unusual shared appearance. This “obsidian order” exhibits internal hierarchical ranking and is attested at other Classic Maya centers. In addition to discussing the overall content of the Xultun mural scene, we conduct a focused inquiry into these variousTaajindividuals by presenting associated archaeological evidence and considering related epigraphic data. Through this analysis of theTaaj, we shed light on a previously unknown aspect of Maya courtly life and organization that is relevant to models of sovereignty, governance, and ritual performance in the Classic Maya world.
Guidelines for the recognition and management of mixed depression
Authors: Stahl Stephen M. , Morrissette Debbi A. , Faedda Gianni , Fava Maurizio , Goldberg Joseph F. , Keck Paul E. , Lee Yena , Malhi Gin , Marangoni Ciro , McElroy Susan L. , Ostacher Michael , Rosenblat Joshua D. , Solé Eva , Suppes Trisha , Takeshima Minoru , Thase Michael E. , Vieta Eduard , Young Allan , Zimmerman Mark , McIntyre Roger S.
Published: February 2017

A significant minority of people presenting with a major depressive episode (MDE) experience co-occurring subsyndromal hypo/manic symptoms. As this presentation may have important prognostic and treatment implications, the DSM–5 codified a new nosological entity, the “mixed features specifier,” referring to individuals meeting threshold criteria for an MDE and subthreshold symptoms of (hypo)mania or to individuals with syndromal mania and subthreshold depressive symptoms. The mixed features specifier adds to a growing list of monikers that have been put forward to describe phenotypes characterized by the admixture of depressive and hypomanic symptoms (e.g., mixed depression, depression with mixed features, or depressive mixed states [DMX]). Current treatment guidelines, regulatory approvals, as well the current evidentiary base provide insufficient decision support to practitioners who provide care to individuals presenting with an MDE with mixed features. In addition, all existing psychotropic agents evaluated in mixed patients have largely been confined to patient populations meeting the DSM–IV definition of “mixed states” wherein the co-occurrence of threshold-level mania and threshold-level MDE was required. Toward the aim of assisting clinicians providing care to adults with MDE and mixed features, we have assembled a panel of experts on mood disorders to develop these guidelines on the recognition and treatment of mixed depression, based on the few studies that have focused specifically on DMX as well as decades of cumulated clinical experience.
Vitamin D deficiency is common and is associated with overweight in Mexican children aged 1–11 years
Authors: Flores Amada , Flores Mario , Macias Nayeli , Hernández-Barrera Lucía , Rivera Marta , Contreras Alejandra , Villalpando Salvador
Published: February 2017

Objective

To assess vitamin D dietary sources, intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and their association with individual and sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican children.

Design

Data obtained from 2695 children aged 1–11 years from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (2012) were analysed. Diet was assessed by a 141-item FFQ. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D was measured by a chemiluminescent assay.

Results

Mean vitamin D intake was 3·38 (se 0·09) µg/d (135·2 (se 3·6) IU/d) among pre-school children and 2·85 (se 0·06) µg/d (114·0 (se 2·4) IU/d) in school-age children. Milk accounted for 64·4 % of vitamin D intake in pre-school children and 54·7 % in school-age children. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<50 nmol/l) was 25·9 % in pre-schoolers and 36·6 % in school-age children. Overweight/obese school-age children had a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency compared with normal-weight children (OR=2·23; 95 % CI 1·36, 3·66; P<0·05).

Conclusions

Vitamin D intakes are low in Mexican children, and milk is the main source of the vitamin. Vitamin D deficiency is common and associated with overweight in school-age children.
Laws, norms, and the Institutional Analysis and Development framework
Authors: COLE DANIEL H.
Published: February 2017

Elinor Ostrom's Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework has been described as ‘one of the most developed and sophisticated attempts to use institutional and stakeholder assessment in order to link theory and practice, analysis and policy’. But not all elements in the framework are sufficiently well developed. This paper focuses on one such element: the ‘rules-in-use’ (a.k.a. ‘rules’ or ‘working rules’). Specifically, it begins a long-overdue conversation about relations between formal legal rules and ‘working rules’ by offering a tentative and very simple typology of relations. Type 1: Some formal legal rules equal or approximate the working rules; Type 2: Some legal rules plus (or emended by) widely held social norms equal or approximate the working rules; and Type 3: Some legal rules bear no evident relation to the working rules. Several examples, including some previously used by Ostrom, are provided to illustrate each of the three types, which can be conceived of as nodes or ranges along a continuum. The paper concludes with a call for empirical research, especially case studies and meta-analyses, to determine the relevant scope of each of these types of relations, and to provide data for furthering our understanding of how different types of rules, from various sources, function (or not) as institutions.
Signatures of personality on dense 3D facial images
Authors: Hu Sile , Xiong Jieyi , Fu Pengcheng , Qiao Lu , Tan Jingze , Jin Li , Tang Kun
Published: February 2017

It has long been speculated that cues on the human face exist that allow observers to make reliable judgments of others’ personality traits. However, direct evidence of association between facial shapes and personality is missing from the current literature. This study assessed the personality attributes of 834 Han Chinese volunteers (405 males and 429 females), utilising the five-factor personality model (‘Big Five’), and collected their neutral 3D facial images. Dense anatomical correspondence was established across the 3D facial images in order to allow high-dimensional quantitative analyses of the facial phenotypes. In this paper, we developed a Partial Least Squares (PLS) -based method. We used composite partial least squares component (CPSLC) to test association between the self-tested personality scores and the dense 3D facial image data, then used principal component analysis (PCA) for further validation. Among the five personality factors, agreeableness and conscientiousness in males and extraversion in females were significantly associated with specific facial patterns. The personality-related facial patterns were extracted and their effects were extrapolated on simulated 3D facial models.
Transcriptomic analyses reveal biosynthetic genes related to rosmarinic acid in Dracocephalum tanguticum
Authors: Li Huie , Fu Yaru , Sun Hao , Zhang Yanfu , Lan Xiaozhong
Published: February 2017

Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim, a Lamiaceae species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions, is an important ornamental, medicinal and aromatic herb. In this study, a comprehensive transcriptome of 18 libraries from six organs namely, roots, stems, leaves, sepals, flowers and seeds of D. tanguticum were generated. More than 100 Gb of sequence data were obtained and assembled de novo into 187,447 transcripts, including 151,463 unigenes, among which the six organs shared 17.7% (26,841). In addition, all unigenes were assigned to 362 pathways, in which ‘biosynthesis of secondary metabolites’ is the second enriched pathway. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid (RA) is one of the multifunctional phenolic bioactive compounds produced in some Lamiaceae species. The six organs of D. tanguticum were confirmed to produce RA. A total of 22 predicted biosynthetic genes related to RA from the transcriptome were further isolated. Two of these genes were identified as candidates by evaluating the correlation coefficient between the RA contents and the expression of the predicted biosynthetic genes in the six organs. The new sequence information will improve the knowledge of D. tanguticum, as well as provide a reference tool for future studies of biosynthetic genes related to RA in this species.
Postnatal development of the small intestinal mucosa drives age-dependent, regio-selective susceptibility to Escherichia coli K1 infection
Authors: Birchenough George M. H. , Dalgakiran Fatma , Witcomb Luci A. , Johansson Malin E. V. , McCarthy Alex J. , Hansson Gunnar C. , Taylor Peter W.
Published: February 2017

The strong age dependency of neonatal systemic infection with Escherichia coli K1 can be replicated in the neonatal rat. Gastrointestinal (GI) colonization of two-day-old (P2) rats leads to invasion of the blood within 48 h of initiation of colonization; pups become progressively less susceptible to infection over the P2-P9 period. We show that, in animals colonized at P2 but not at P9, E. coli K1 bacteria gain access to the enterocyte surface in the mid-region of the small intestine and translocate through the epithelial cell monolayer by an intracellular pathway to the submucosa. In this region of the GI tract, the protective mucus barrier is poorly developed but matures to full thickness over P2-P9, coincident with the development of resistance to invasion. At P9, E. coli K1 bacteria are physically separated from villi by the mucus layer and their numbers controlled by mucus-embedded antimicrobial peptides, preventing invasion of host tissues.
De novo [PSI
+] prion formation involves multiple pathways to form infectious oligomers
Authors: Sharma Jaya , Wisniewski Brett T. , Paulson Emily , Obaoye Joanna O. , Merrill Stephen J. , Manogaran Anita L.
Published: February 2017

Prion and other neurodegenerative diseases are associated with misfolded protein assemblies called amyloid. Research has begun to uncover common mechanisms underlying transmission of amyloids, yet how amyloids form invivo is still unclear. Here, we take advantage of the yeast prion, [PSI+], to uncover the early steps of amyloid formation in vivo. [PSI+] is the prion form of the Sup35 protein. While [PSI+] formation is quite rare, the prion can be greatly induced by overexpression of the prion domain of the Sup35 protein. This de novo induction of [PSI+] shows the appearance of fluorescent cytoplasmic rings when the prion domain is fused with GFP. Our current work shows that de novo induction is more complex than previously thought. Using 4D live cell imaging, we observed that fluorescent structures are formed by four different pathways to yield [PSI+] cells. Biochemical analysis of de novo induced cultures indicates that newly formed SDS resistant oligomers change in size over time and lysates made from de novo induced cultures are able to convert [psi−] cells to [PSI+] cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that newly formed prion oligomers are infectious.
Lentiviral vectors can be used for full-length dystrophin gene therapy
Authors: Counsell John R. , Asgarian Zeinab , Meng Jinhong , Ferrer Veronica , Vink Conrad A. , Howe Steven J. , Waddington Simon N. , Thrasher Adrian J. , Muntoni Francesco , Morgan Jennifer E. , Danos Olivier
Published: February 2017

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is caused by a lack of dystrophin expression in patient muscle fibres. Current DMD gene therapy strategies rely on the expression of internally deleted forms of dystrophin, missing important functional domains. Viral gene transfer of full-length dystrophin could restore wild-type functionality, although this approach is restricted by the limited capacity of recombinant viral vectors. Lentiviral vectors can package larger transgenes than adeno-associated viruses, yet lentiviral vectors remain largely unexplored for full-length dystrophin delivery. In our work, we have demonstrated that lentiviral vectors can package and deliver inserts of a similar size to dystrophin. We report a novel approach for delivering large transgenes in lentiviruses, in which we demonstrate proof-of-concept for a ‘template-switching’ lentiviral vector that harnesses recombination events during reverse-transcription. During this work, we discovered that a standard, unmodified lentiviral vector was efficient in delivering full-length dystrophin to target cells, within a total genomic load of more than 15,000 base pairs. We have demonstrated gene therapy with this vector by restoring dystrophin expression in DMD myoblasts, where dystrophin was expressed at the sarcolemma of myotubes after myogenic differentiation. Ultimately, our work demonstrates proof-of-concept that lentiviruses can be used for permanent full-length dystrophin gene therapy, which presents a significant advancement in developing an effective treatment for DMD.
Resistance is futile: overcoming resistance to targeted therapies in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Neel Dana S. , Bivona Trever G.
Published: February 2017

The advent of genomics has led to the identification of specific “driver” mutations in oncogenic kinases, and the development of targeted small molecule inhibitors to block their tumor-driving functions. These specific inhibitors have been a clinical success, and often significantly prolong the lives of individuals with cancer. Inevitably, however, the treated tumors recur as resistance to these targeted therapies develops. Here, we review the major mechanisms by which a cancer cell can evade targeted therapy, focusing on mechanisms of resistance to kinase inhibitors in lung cancer. We discuss the promising concept of rational upfront polytherapy in lung cancer, which involves concurrently targeting multiple proteins in critical signaling pathways in a cancer cell to prevent or delay resistance.
High BMI levels associate with reduced mRNA expression of IL10 and increased mRNA expression of iNOS (NOS2) in human frontal cortex
Authors: Lauridsen J K , Olesen R H , Vendelbo J , Hyde T M , Kleinman J E , Bibby B M , Brock B , Rungby J , Larsen A
Published: February 2017

Several studies link increasing body mass index (BMI) to cognitive decline both as a consequence of obesity per se and as a sequela of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. Obese individuals are prone to a chronic low-grade inflammation as the metabolically active visceral fat produces proinflammatory cytokines. Animal studies indicate that these cytokines can cross the blood–brain barrier. Such crossover could potentially affect the immune system in the brain by inducing gene expression of proinflammatory genes. The relationship between obesity and neuroinflammation in the human brain is currently unknown. Therefore we aim to examine the relationship between BMI and gene expression of central inflammatory markers in the human frontal cortex. Microarray data of 141 neurologically and psychiatrically healthy individuals were obtained through the BrainCloud database. A simple linear regression analysis was performed with BMI as variable on data on IL10, IL1β, IL6, PTGS2 (COX2) and NOS2 (iNOS). Increasing BMI is associated with a decrease in the mRNA expression of IL10 (P=0.014) and an increase in the expression of NOS2 (iNOS; P=0.040). Expressions of IL10 and NOS2 (iNOS) were negatively correlated (P<0.001). The expression of IL10 was mostly affected by individuals with BMI ⩾40. Multiple linear regression analyses with BMI, age, sex and race as variables were performed in order to identify potential confounders. In conclusion, increasing BMI could affect the IL10-mediated anti-inflammatory defense in the brain and induce iNOS-mediated inflammatory activity.
Anterior hippocampal dysconnectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder: a dimensional and multimodal approach
Authors: Abdallah C G , Wrocklage K M , Averill C L , Akiki T , Schweinsburg B , Roy A , Martini B , Southwick S M , Krystal J H , Scott J C
Published: February 2017

The anterior hippocampus (aHPC) has a central role in the regulation of anxiety-related behavior, stress response, emotional memory and fear. However, little is known about the presence and extent of aHPC abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we used a multimodal approach, along with graph-based measures of global brain connectivity (GBC) termed functional GBC with global signal regression (f-GBCr) and diffusion GBC (d-GBC), in combat-exposed US Veterans with and without PTSD. Seed-based aHPC anatomical connectivity analyses were also performed. A whole-brain voxel-wise data-driven investigation revealed a significant association between elevated PTSD symptoms and reduced medial temporal f-GBCr, particularly in the aHPC. Similarly, aHPC d-GBC negatively correlated with PTSD severity. Both functional and anatomical aHPC dysconnectivity measures remained significant after controlling for hippocampal volume, age, gender, intelligence, education, combat severity, depression, anxiety, medication status, traumatic brain injury and alcohol/substance comorbidities. Depression-like PTSD dimensions were associated with reduced connectivity in the ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, hyperarousal symptoms were positively correlated with ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal connectivity. We believe the findings provide first evidence of functional and anatomical dysconnectivity in the aHPC of veterans with high PTSD symptomatology. The data support the putative utility of aHPC connectivity as a measure of overall PTSD severity. Moreover, prefrontal global connectivity may be of clinical value as a brain biomarker to potentially distinguish between PTSD subgroups.
Efficient synthesis of diethyl benzo[c]cinoline-3,8-dicarboxylate for fluorescence quenching materials
Authors: Wang Ning , Yang Jin-Chuang , Chen Li-Dong , Li Jia , An Yue , Lü Cheng-Wei , Tian Yun-Qi
Published: February 2017

Diethyl benzo[c]cinoline-3,8-dicarboxylate was synthesized via a simplified method and was applied as a highly efficient fluorescence sensor for detection of TNP for the first time.
Novel cytotoxic steroidal saponins from the roots of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey
Authors: Wu Yan , Wang Xian-Min , Bi Su-Xia , Zhang Wen , Li Rui-Ming , Wang Rui-Jing , Yu Bo-Yang , Qi Jin
Published: February 2017

Novel steroidal saponins from the roots ofLiriope muscari(Decne.) L. H. Bailey with cytotoxic activities.
Phosphazene-based novel organo-inorganic hybrid salt: synthesis, characterization and performance evaluation as multifunctional additive in polyol
Authors: Singh Raj K. , Kukrety Aruna , Saxena Rakesh C. , Chouhan Ajay , Jain Suman L. , Ray Siddharth S.
Published: February 2017

A novel organo–inorganic hybrid, denoted as PzP(-NHP)6 was synthesized by the reaction between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (N3P3Cl6) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol and evaluated as multifunctional additive in polyol base oil.
Effects of graphene oxide on the geopolymerization mechanism determined by quenching the reaction at intermediate states
Authors: Yan Shu , He Peigang , Jia Dechang , Duan Xiaoming , Yang Zhihua , Wang Shengjin , Zhou Yu
Published: February 2017

Schematic diagram of graphene oxide on the geopolymerization of rGO/KGP.
Dye-sensitized solar cells based on cobalt-containing room temperature ionic liquid redox shuttles
Authors: Wang Zhenyong , Wang Lei , Zhang Ye , Guo Jiangna , Li Hao , Yan Feng
Published: February 2017

An imidazolium-type co-containing ionic liquid, [BMIm]2[Co(NCS)4], was synthesized and applied as a redox shuttle for dye-sensitized solar cells.
Lamellar mesoporous carbon derived from bagasse for the cathode materials of lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Yuan Xiqing , Liu Bingchuan , Xu Jingyi , Yang Xiaorong , Zeinu Kemal , He Xiulin , Wu Longsheng , Hu Jingping , Yang Jiakuan , Xie Jia
Published: February 2017

Mesoporous lamellar carbon was produced by direct high temperature carbonization of bagasse, a novel process designed with affordable cost and ease of production for scale-up manufacturing of Li–S batteries.
Preparation and performance of composite films based on 2-(2-aminoethoxy) ethyl chitosan and cellulose
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Liu Zongbao , Wang Li , Zhang Shengsheng , Zhang Hai
Published: February 2017

Bioactive films exhibiting antioxidant activity were synthesized from a novel chitosan derivative (AECs) and cellulose under an environmentally friendly process.
In situ controllable synthesis of cotton-like polyaniline nanostructures for a H2O2sensor using an embedded three-electrode microfluidic chip
Authors: Sun Mojie , Song Guoqing , Liu Jingjing , Chen Hongmei , Nie Fuqiang
Published: February 2017

Fabrication of a thickness controllable polyaniline film based on an embedded three-electrode microfluidic chip for application as a H2O2sensor.
AgNP and rhEGF-incorporating synergistic polyurethane foam as a dressing material for scar-free healing of diabetic wounds
Authors: Choi Hyun Jun , Thambi Thavasyappan , Yang Yool Hee , Bang Sa Ik , Kim Bong Sup , Pyun Do Gi , Lee Doo Sung
Published: February 2017

Synergistic polyurethane foams comprised of AgNPs and rhEGF (AgNP/rhEGF-PUFs) were developed to treat diabetic wounds, which exhibited complete wound closure.
Effect of lanthanum doping on the far-infrared emission property of vanadium–titanium slag ceramic
Authors: Zhang Kewei , Deng Yi , Yang Yuanyi , Liao Yongkang , Wang Bozhi , Gong Bing , Yang Weizhong
Published: February 2017

In the present study, a series of far-infrared ceramics were successfully synthesized using vanadium–titanium slag solid waste and some ordinary minerals as main raw materials with lanthanum (La) as an additive.
Wetting mechanism of a PVDF hollow fiber membrane in immersed membrane contactors for CO2 capture in the presence of monoethanolamine
Authors: Zhang Zhaohui , Wu Xiaona , Wang Liang , Zhao Bin , Li Junjing , Zhang Hongwei
Published: February 2017

As an emerging technology, membrane gas absorption (MGA) contactors for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture exhibit great advantages compared to conventional chemical CO2 absorption processes.
Enhanced hole injection in organic light-emitting diodes utilizing a copper iodide-doped hole injection layer
Authors: Shan Meiling , Jiang Haipeng , Guan Yu , Sun Dongsu , Wang Yu , Hua Jie , Wang Jin
Published: February 2017

We have demonstrated organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by incorporating copper iodide (CuI) in 4,4′,4′′-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenyl-amino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) as a hole injection layer (HIL) based on the emitting system of C545T–Alq3.
Thermal wave: from nonlocal continuum to molecular dynamics
Authors: Akbarzadeh A. H. , Cui Y. , Chen Z. T.
Published: February 2017

To accommodate effects of thermomass and size-dependency of thermophysical properties on heat transport and to remove the theoretical singularity of temperature gradients across the thermal wavefront NL FTPL heat conduction, corroborated with MD simulation, is introduced.
Microwave assisted synthesis of MoS2/nitrogen-doped carbon shell–core microspheres for Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zhu Guang , Xu Haifeng , Wang Hongyan , Wang Wenqi , Zhang Quanxin , Zhang Li , Sun Hengchao
Published: February 2017

Novel MoS2/nitrogen-doped carbon shell–core microsphere counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells with a high efficiency of 6.2%.
Tuning the polarity of charge carriers using electron deficient thiophenes
Authors: Low Jonathan Z. , Capozzi Brian , Cui Jing , Wei Sujun , Venkataraman Latha , Campos Luis M.
Published: February 2017

Highly electron deficient thiophene building blocks are used to induce LUMO-conducting behaviour from the parent HOMO-conducting pentathiophene in single-molecule junctions.
Rationally tuning host–guest interactions to free hydroxide ions within intertrimerically cuprophilic metal–organic frameworks for high OH− conductivity
Authors: Li Ziyin , Zhang Zhangjing , Ye Yingxiang , Cai Kaicong , Du Fenfen , Zeng Heng , Tao Jin , Lin Quanjie , Zheng Ying , Xiang Shengchang
Published: February 2017

Rationally tuning host–guest interactions to free hydroxide ions within intertrimerically cuprophilic MOF for high OH− conductivity.
Aromatic primary monoamine-based fast-response and highly specific fluorescent probes for imaging the biological signaling molecule nitric oxide in living cells and organisms
Authors: Huo Yingying , Miao Junfeng , Li Yaping , Shi Yawei , Shi Heping , Guo Wei
Published: February 2017

Two fast-response and highly specific NO fluorescent probes were developed, based on the reductive deamination reaction ofp-methoxyaniline with NO in aerobic conditions.
Fine classification and untargeted detection of multiple adulterants of Gastrodia elata BI. (GE) by near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics
Authors: Li Gang-Feng , Yin Qiao-Bo , Zhang Lin , Kang Ming , Fu Hai-Yan , Cai Chen-Bo , Xu Lu
Published: February 2017

Adulterations and geographical origins are two essential quality factors of foods and herbs.
Copper-catalyzed regioselective 1,2-thioamidation of alkenes
Authors: Li Dengke , Mao Tingting , Huang Jinbo , Zhu Qiang
Published: February 2017

An efficient method for regioselective 1,2-thioamidation of terminal alkenes, catalyzed by copper in the presence of NFSI and thiols, has been disclosed.
Chiral N,N′-dioxide-Sc(NTf2)3 complex-catalyzed asymmetric bromoamination of chalones with N-bromosuccinimide as both bromine and amide source
Authors: Wang Zhengmeng , Lin Lili , Zhou Pengfei , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: February 2017

A chiral N,N′-dioxide-Sc(NTf2)3 complex catalytic system has been developed to catalyze the asymmetric bromoamination reaction of chalones with N-bromosuccinimide.
Graphene oxide-enhanced cytoskeleton imaging and mitosis tracking
Authors: Li Qian-Ru , Jiao Jin-Biao , Li Li-Li , He Xiao-Peng , Zang Yi , James Tony D. , Chen Guo-Rong , Guo Lin , Li Jia
Published: February 2017

Graphene oxide enhances the imaging ability of a cell-impermeable peptide probe that targets microtubules, enabling the dynamic tracking of mitosis in live cells.
Ultrahigh volatile iodine uptake by hollow microspheres formed from a heteropore covalent organic framework
Authors: Yin Zhi-Jian , Xu Shun-Qi , Zhan Tian-Guang , Qi Qiao-Yan , Wu Zong-Quan , Zhao Xin
Published: February 2017

A COF with hierarchical porosity has been constructed. It exists as hollow microspheres and exhibits an extremely high volatile iodine uptake (up to 481 wt%) by encapsulating iodine in the inner cavities and porous shells of the microspheres.
Steam methane reforming on a Ni-based bimetallic catalyst: density functional theory and experimental studies of the catalytic consequence of surface alloying of Ni with Ag
Authors: Wang Hongmin , Blaylock D. Wayne , Dam Anh H. , Liland Shirley E. , Rout Kumar R. , Zhu Yi-An , Green William H. , Holmen Anders , Chen De
Published: February 2017

We report a DFT and experimental study of the effects of the surface composition of a Ni/Ag alloy on methane activation and steam methane reforming compared to a pure Ni catalyst.
Correction: Efficient planar n-i-p type heterojunction flexible perovskite solar cells with sputtered TiO2 electron transporting layers
Authors: Mali Sawanta S. , Inamdar A. I. , Im Hyunsik , Shim Sang Eun , Hong Chang Kook
Published: February 2017

Correction for ‘Efficient planar n-i-p type heterojunction flexible perovskite solar cells with sputtered TiO2 electron transporting layers’ by Sawanta S. Mali et al., Nanoscale, 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09032j.
JA-Ile-macrolactones uncouple growth and defense in wild tobacco
Authors: Jimenez-Aleman Guillermo H. , Machado Ricardo A. R. , Baldwin Ian T. , Boland Wilhelm
Published: February 2017

JA-Ile-lactones: small molecules that uncoupled growth and defense in wild tobacco plants.
New violet to yellow light sensitive diketo pyrrolo–pyrrole photoinitiators: high performance systems with unusual bleaching properties and solubility in water
Authors: Bouzrati-Zerelli Mariem , Zivic Nicolas , Dumur Frédéric , Gigmes Didier , Graff Bernadette , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Lalevée Jacques
Published: February 2017

New high performance photoinitiating systems for visible light exhibiting excellent bleaching properties and water solubility are proposed.
meso-to-meso PtII-bridged NiII-porphyrin dimers
Authors: Fukui Norihito , Jiang Hua-Wei , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: February 2017

The synthesis and characterization of a series of meso-to-meso PtII-bridged NiII-porphyrin dimers are described.
A strategy for integrated pharmacokinetic study of cardiovascular herbal medicines based on chemiluminescence and HPLC-MS/MS assays: a case using Danshen injection
Authors: Yao Hong , Shi Peiying , Huang Xiaomei , Shen Zhenhuang , Su Ya , Yang Chunlei , Zhu Meilan , Huang Liying , Liu Ailin , Lin Xinhua
Published: February 2017

A strategy for an integrated PK study based on chemiluminescence assays for cardiovascular herbal medicines with antioxidants as the main effective substances.
Effects of nitroguanidine on the thermal behavior and burning characteristics of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole-based propellants
Authors: Cao Cheng-Yang , Lu Song , Zhang Dan , Gong Lun-Lun , Zhang He-Ping
Published: February 2017

The 5AT/Sr(NO3)2mixture has used in novel fire-suppression applications. NQ is proved to be an efficient ingredient to improve the combustion characteristics of 5AT/Sr(NO3)2mixture.
Acid- and Au(i)-mediated synthesis of hexathymidine-DNA-heterocycle chimeras, an efficient entry to DNA-encoded libraries inspired by drug structures
Authors: Škopić Mateja Klika , Salamon Hazem , Bugain Olivia , Jung Kathrin , Gohla Anne , Doetsch Lara J. , Santos Denise dos , Bhat Avinash , Wagner Bernd , Brunschweiger Andreas
Published: February 2017

A hexathymidine-DNA “hexT” tolerates acid and coinage metal catalysts, and can be ligated to coding DNA sequences.
Apoptosis-independent organoruthenium anticancer complexes that overcome multidrug resistance: self-assembly and phenotypic screening strategies
Authors: Chow Mun Juinn , Alfiean Mohammad , Pastorin Giorgia , Gaiddon Christian , Ang Wee Han
Published: February 2017

Phenotypic screening on a library of combinatorial self-assembled organoruthenium complexes revealed constructs that act on refractory cancers via apoptosis-independent pathways.
Stoichiometric water splitting using a p-type Fe2O3based photocathode with the aid of a multi-heterojunction
Authors: Sekizawa Keita , Oh-ishi Keiichiro , Kataoka Keita , Arai Takeo , Suzuki Tomiko M. , Morikawa Takeshi
Published: February 2017

Stoichiometric water splitting under AM 1.5 irradiation without an external bias is demonstrated using a Pt/TiO2/N,Zn–Fe2O3/Cr2O3photocathode connected with an n-SrTiO3−xphotoanode.
Cation modulating electrocatalyst derived from bimetallic metal–organic frameworks for overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Yang , Wu Wenting , Rao Yuan , Li Zhongtao , Tsubaki Noritatsu , Wu Mingbo
Published: February 2017

Scheme of the synthesis procedures of Ni3ZnC0.7.
Single-molecule study of the synergistic effects of positive charges and Dopa for wet adhesion
Authors: Li Yiran , Wang Tiankuo , Xia Lei , Wang Lei , Qin Meng , Li Ying , Wang Wei , Cao Yi
Published: February 2017

Using AFM based single-molecule force spectroscopy, we studied the synergy between Dopa and lysine for wet adhesion on titania (TiO2) and mica surfaces.
Free inert gas protection, low temperature, non-injection synthesis of CdS and doped quantum dots for efficient white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Ding Yang , Liu Jie , Zhu Yan , Nie Siyang , Shi Junli , Wang Weili , Hou Junhan , Yu Xibin
Published: February 2017

Cadmium based chalcogenides quantum dots exhibited ultrahigh photoluminescence, quantum yields and multicolor luminescence.
Design and synthesis of a molecule with aggregation-induced emission effects and its application in the detection of arsenite in groundwater
Authors: Tian Xike , Chen Linfeng , Li Yong , Yang Chao , Nie Yulun , Zhou Chaoxin , Wang Yanxin
Published: February 2017

Herein we report a new fluorescence sensor (compound 2) for the selective and sensitive detection of As3+ in aqueous media by combining cysteine with a novel AIE active molecule 1.
Local non‐linear alignment for non‐linear dimensionality reduction
Authors: Niu Guo , Ma Zhengming
Published: February 2017

In manifold learning, alignment is performed with the objective of deriving the global low‐dimensional coordinates of input data from their local coordinates. In virtually all alignment processes, the relation between the local and global coordinates is designed intuitively, without mathematical deduction and detailed analysis. In this study, the authors propose a local non‐linear alignment manifold learning algorithm (LNA) for non‐linear dimensionality reduction, based on the concept of local pullback and the mathematical characteristics of a manifold. According to mathematical manifold theory, a function defined on a manifold cannot be differentiated directly on the manifold directly. Instead, it has to be pulled back to Euclidean space with the help of local homeomorphism between the manifold and Euclidean space, where it is then differentiated. In the authors’ proposed algorithm, the component functions of global homeomorphism are regarded as the functions defined on the manifold and pulled back to the Euclidean space. Then, Taylor expansion is utilised up to the second order to establish the relation between the global and local coordinates. The objective function in LNA is based on the alignment error and can be solved with an eigenvalue problem. The experimental results conducted on various datasets verify the validity of the authors’ method.
Non‐linear modelling and stability analysis of the PTGS at pump mode
Authors: Wang Lei , Han Qingshuang , Chen Diyi , Wu Changzhi , Wang Xiangyu
Published: February 2017

For the sake of studying the stability of the pumped storage power station, the authors focused on the mathematical modelling of the pump‐turbine governing system (PTGS) at pump mode. First of all, six transfer coefficients were introduced into the model of the pump‐turbine. Furthermore, utilising the internal characteristics formulas, they obtained six analytical expressions of the transfer coefficients at pump mode. Considering the elastic water‐hammer model of the penstock with hydraulic friction and the second‐order model of the generator, a non‐linear model of the PTGS was proposed. On the basis of a real case, they obtained the curve of bifurcation points of the system by using the stability theorem, and verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis results from numerical experiments. Moreover, the stable domains of the proportional–integral–derivative parameters and were identified and the non‐linear dynamic behaviours of the governing system were studied. Finally, these methods and analytic results could help them improve the safety operation and performance of the pumped storage power station.
Frequency Dependence Hearing Loss Evaluation in Perforated Tympanic Membrane
Authors: Dawood Mohammed
Published: February 2017

Introduction Tympanic membrane perforation is a relatively common problem that predisposes patients to varying degrees of conductive hearing loss.

Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate and analyze the frequency dependence hearing loss in tympanic membrane perforation based on the size and the site of perforation.

Methods For the study, I selected 71 patients' (89) ears for the cross-sectional study with tympanic membrane perforations; I examined the size and the site of perforations under the microscope and classified them into small, moderate, large, and subtotal perforations, and into anterior central, posterior central, malleolor central, and big central perforations. I measured mean level of speech frequencies hearing loss, and its relation with the site and the size of the perforation analyzed.

Results The mean hearing loss at different sizes of the perforation at all speech frequencies was 37.4 dB, with ABG of 26.6 dB, and its maximum loss was detected in subtotal perforation of 42.3 dB, with ABG of 33.7 dB, at 500 Hz frequency, while in relation to the sites, it was 38.2 dB, with ABG of 26.8 dB, and its maximum loss was detected in big central site perforation of 42.1 dB, with ABG of 33.6 dB, at 500 Hz frequency.

Conclusions The hearing loss was proportionally related with the sizes of the perforations, and the posterior site had greater impact on the hearing than anterior site perforations. This was also applied to the frequency dependence hearing level, as was detected to be worse at lower frequencies as 500 Hz, than those of 1000–2000 Hz.
Simultaneous Incidental Parathyroid Carcinoma and Intrathyroid Parathyroid Gland in Suspected Renal Failure Induced Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Pappa Andrew , Hackman Trevor
Published: February 2017

Hyperparathyroidism is a common disorder affecting more than hundreds of thousands of people annually. While most commonly secondary to an adenoma, it may also arise from four-gland hyperplasia or malignancy. In the case of primary hyperparathyroidism, the number of glands involved may be unknown prior to surgery. In contrast, the metabolic disorder associated with renal failure induced hyperparathyroidism ensures a hyperplasia picture. Despite the uniform hyperplasia seen in tertiary disease and the preoperative expectation for four-gland exploration, our case demonstrates the continued need for a surgeon's vigilance during dissection to identify all glands and appropriately use intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) testing. In addition, while intraoperative PTH assessment is an effective method for confirming adequacy of treatment for hyperparathyroidism, only surgical pathology can confirm malignancy, which should be considered with PTH levels > 1,000. The case also underscores the importance of comprehensive surgery management and mindful interpretation of intraoperative PTH levels in the management of hyperparathyroidism. Standard surgical technique includes complete exploration of the central compartment, and thyroid lobectomy when the aforementioned exploration fails to reveal the necessary parathyroid tissue, especially with a persistently elevated PTH. Without a standardized progressive compartment exploration and judicious use of intraoperative hormone testing, intrathyroidal parathyroid glands can be missed.
Use of dual planar jets for the reduction of flow-induced noise
Authors: Zhao Kun , Yang Xixiang , Okolo Patrick N. , Wu Zeping , Bennett Gareth J.
Published: February 2017

The planar jet has been proposed to reduce the flow-induced noise. However, the self-noise emission from a single planar jet is a limiting factor on the performance based characteristics of this technology. Therefore, this research paper reports an alternative dual planar jets geometry in an attempt to minimize the self-noise of the single planar jet, thus, further enhancing total noise reduction in the application. Tandem cylinders are considered as the generic bluff body, which represents the source of flow-induced noise. Tests are conducted to capture noise reduction effects when using a single planar jet geometry. Subsequently, two different configurations of the dual planar jets geometry were tested in comparison. It is observed that the dual jets geometry achieves more noise reduction when compared to the single jet. Moreover, conclusions are made on the most efficient configuration in the dual jets geometry.
Estimates for higher Steklov eigenvalues
Authors: Yang Liangwei , Yu Chengjie
Published: February 2017

In this paper, motivated by the work of Raulot and Savo, we generalize Raulot-Savo’s estimate for the first Steklov eigenvalue of Euclidean domains to higher Steklov eigenvalues.
Neural network potentials for dynamics and thermodynamics of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Chiriki Siva , Jindal Shweta , Bulusu Satya S.
Published: February 2017

For understanding the dynamical and thermodynamical properties of metal nanoparticles, one has to go beyond static and structural predictions of a nanoparticle. Accurate description of dynamical properties may be computationally intensive depending on the size of nanoparticle. Herein, we demonstrate the use of atomistic neural network potentials, obtained by fitting quantum mechanical data, for extensive molecular dynamics simulations of gold nanoparticles. The fitted potential was tested by performing global optimizations of size selected gold nanoparticles (Aun, 17 ≤ n ≤ 58). We performed molecular dynamics simulations in canonical (NVT) and microcanonical (NVE) ensembles on Au17, Au34, Au58 for a total simulation time of around 3 ns for each nanoparticle. Our study based on both NVT and NVE ensembles indicate that there is a dynamical coexistence of solid-like and liquid-like phases near melting transition. We estimate the probability at finite temperatures for set of isomers lying below 0.5 eV from the global minimum structure. In the case of Au17 and Au58, the properties can be estimated using global minimum structure at room temperature, while for Au34, global minimum structure is not a dominant structure even at low temperatures.
Forest fire danger, life satisfaction and feelings of safety: evidence from Australia
Authors: Ambrey Christopher L. , Fleming Christopher M. , Manning Matthew
Published: February 2017

Employing data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey and the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index, this study tests: (1) the association between forest fire danger and an individual’s life satisfaction; (2) the association between forest fire danger and an individual’s feeling of safety; and (3) whether the association between forest fire danger and an individual’s life satisfaction is explained by feelings of safety. Further, this study employs the experienced preference method to estimate, in monetary terms, the psychological costs associated with forest fire danger. We find negative and significant associations between life satisfaction and forest fire danger, as well as between forest fire danger and feelings of safety. When feelings of safety are included in the life satisfaction regression, however, the forest fire danger variable is no longer statistically significant – suggesting that the link between forest fire danger and life satisfaction can be largely explained by an individual’s feelings of safety. The experienced preference method yields an implicit willingness-to-pay of $10 per year to avoid a one unit increase in the spatially weighted average of the average daily value of the Fire Danger Index over the previous 12 months.
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 promotes platelet activation and thrombosis
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Jian , Yan Rong , Tian Jingluan , Zhang Yang , Zhang Jie , Chen Mengxing , Cui Qingya , Zhao Lili , Hu Renping , Jiang Miao , Li Zhenyu , Ruan Changgeng , He Sudan , Dai Kesheng
Published: February 2017

Significance

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) is involved in many important biological processes such as necroptosis, apoptosis, and inflammation. Here, using
RIP3
-knockout mice, we show that RIP3 is essential for in vivo thrombosis and hemostasis. Mice lacking RIP3 exhibited prolonged tail-bleeding times and reduced arterial thrombus formation. We demonstrate that RIP3, expressed in platelets and interacting with Gα
13
, promotes platelet aggregation, secretion, spreading on fibrinogen, and clot retraction. RIP3 inhibitor dose-dependently inhibits platelet aggregation and prevents arterial thrombus formation. Our findings indicate a role for RIP3 in promoting in vivo thrombosis and hemostasis by amplifying platelet activation. RIP3 may represent a novel therapeutic target for thrombotic diseases.