bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platelet-rich plasma in osteoarthritis treatment: review of current evidence
Authors: Gato-Calvo Lucía , Magalhaes Joana , Ruiz-Romero Cristina , Blanco Francisco J. , Burguera Elena F.
Published: February 2019

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is defined as a volume of plasma with a platelet concentration higher than the average in peripheral blood. Many basic, preclinical and even clinical case studies and trials report PRP’s ability to improve musculoskeletal conditions including osteoarthritis, but paradoxically, just as many conclude it has no effect. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the available relevant evidence that supports the clinical use of PRP in osteoarthritis, highlighting those variables we perceive as critical. Here, recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used to identify the latest randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing a PRP product as an intra-articular treatment for knee osteoarthritis, compared with an intra-articular control (mostly hyaluronic acid). Conclusions in the identified RCTs are examined and compared. In total, five recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews were found meeting the above criteria. A total of 19 individual trials were identified in the five reviews but only 9 were level of evidence I RCTs, and many had moderate or high risks of bias. At present, results from these RCTs seem to favor PRP use over other intra-articular treatments to improve pain scales in the short and medium term (6–12 months), but the overall level of evidence is low. As a result, clinical effectiveness of PRP for knee osteoarthritis treatment is still under debate. This is, prominently, the result of a lack of standardization of PRP products, scarceness of high quality RCTs not showing high risks of bias, and poor patient stratification for inclusion in the RCTs.
Stigma and Dissatisfaction of Health Care Personnel in HIV Response in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rasoolinejad Mehrnaz , Abedinia Nasrin , Noorbala Ahmad Ali , Mohraz Minoo , McMillan Ian , Moradmand Banafsheh , Gilkison John Henry
Published: February 2019

Background and Aims:

With regard to the disease pandemics of HIV/AIDS, it is clear that there is need for prevention, treatment, care, and support of HIV positive patients in the health care system. In order to achieve these goals, job satisfaction should be a priority for health care staff. This study examined the problems of health care personnel and the behavior of patients undergoing HIV/AIDS counseling at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran.

Methods:

Interviews were conducted individually with 5 health care personnel who participated in this study. Participants had 30 to 45 minutes each per session at the clinic, during which they were able to discuss the problems they faced in their careers. All conversations were officially recorded.

Results:

The most common problems mentioned by these health care workers included the lack of safety and standardization of work conditions, the lack of appropriate equipment, limited space, high numbers of patients, low staffing levels and financial and morale problems compounded by the lack of support by hospital authorities.

Conclusion:

The authorities need to allocate more funds to provide facilities and appropriate working conditions for health care staff in order to increase job satisfaction and enable staff to provide the best services and care to HIV positive patients.
Glycine Transporter 1 Encephalopathy From Biochemical Pathway to Clinical Disease: Review
Authors: Alfallaj Rayan , Alfadhel Majid
Published: February 2019

Glycine transporter 1 encephalopathy (OMIM# 617301; glycine encephalopathy with normal serum glycine, GLYT1 transporter dysfunction, and nonketotic hyperglycinemia) is caused by mutations in the SLC6A9 gene. To date, 6 cases have been reported in the literature, characterized as having neonatal onset, respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation, severe hypotonia at birth that progressed to limb hypertonicity, and startle-like responses provoked by sudden loud noises and tactile stimulation. Additional characteristics included dysmorphic features, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and abnormal antenatal findings. Initial diagnosis include elevated levels of glycine in cerebrospinal fluid and an elevated cerebrospinal fluid to plasma glycine ratio. Abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings included white matter abnormalities, thin corpus callosum, dilatation of the lateral and third ventricles, caudate atrophy, and tiny cysts. Patients reported so far showed normal electroencephalogram results. Treatment was supportive and appeared severe as 50% of the patients died between 2 days and 7 months of age, while surviving children had global developmental delay. In this report, we reviewed the published cases having glycine transporter 1 encephalopathy and retrospectively characterizing the disease phenotypes, affected biochemical pathways, neuroradiological abnormalities, diagnosis, genetic issues, and treatment; additionally, key discussion points are also presented.
Genetics and Education: Recent Developments in the Context of an Ugly History and an Uncertain Future
Authors: Martschenko Daphne , Trejo Sam , Domingue Benjamin W.
Published: February 2019

Driven by our recent mapping of the human genome, genetics research is increasingly prominent and beginning to reintersect with education research. We describe previous intersections of these fields, focusing on the ways that they were harmful. We then discuss novel features of genetics research in the current era, with an emphasis on possibilities deriving from the availability of molecular genetic data and the proliferation of genome-wide association studies. We discuss both the promises and potential pitfalls resulting from the convergence of molecular genetic research and education research. The floodgates of genetic data have opened. Collaboration between those in the social and biomedical sciences; open conversation among policy makers, educators, and researchers; and public engagement will all prove critical for enacting regulations and research designs that emphasize equity.
Viral, immunologic, and clinical features of primary effusion lymphoma
Authors: Lurain Kathryn , Polizzotto Mark N. , Aleman Karen , Bhutani Manisha , Wyvill Kathleen M. , Gonçalves Priscila H. , Ramaswami Ramya , Marshall Vickie Ann , Miley Wendell , Steinberg Seth M. , Little Richard F. , Wilson Wyndham , Filie Armando C. , Pittaluga Stefania , Jaffe Elaine S. , Whitby Denise , Yarchoan Robert , Uldrick Thomas S.
Published: February 2019

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive HIV-associated lymphoma with a relatively poor prognosis in the era of effective HIV therapy. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent, and ∼80% of tumors are coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A better understanding of how KSHV-related immune dysregulation contributes to the natural history of PEL will improve outcomes. Twenty patients with PEL diagnosed between 2000 and 2013, including 19 treated with modified infusional etoposide, vincristine, and doxorubicin with cyclophosphamide and prednisone (EPOCH), were identified. We compared their clinical, virologic, and immunologic features vs 20 patients with HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and 19 patients with symptomatic interleukin (IL)-6 related KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Survival analyses of treated patients with PEL were then performed to identify prognostic factors and cancer-specific mortality. Compared with HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, PEL was associated with significant hypoalbuminemia (P < .0027), thrombocytopenia (P = .0045), and elevated IL-10 levels (P < .0001). There were no significant differences in these parameters between PEL and KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease. Median overall survival in treated patients with PEL was 22 months, with a plateau in survival noted after 2 years. Three-year cancer-specific survival was 47%. EBV-positive tumor status was associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.27; P = .038), and elevated IL-6 level was associated with inferior survival (hazard ratio, 6.1; P = .024). Our analysis shows that IL-6 and IL-10 levels contribute to the natural history of PEL. Inflammatory cytokines and tumor EBV status are the strongest prognostic factors. Pathogenesis-directed first-line regimens are needed to improve overall survival in PEL.
Cells of adult T-cell leukemia evade HTLV-1 Tax/NF-κB hyperactivation–induced senescence
Authors: Shudofsky Abigail M. Druck , Giam Chou-Zen
Published: February 2019

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). The HTLV-1 viral trans-activator/oncoprotein Tax is a major driver of ATL, yet it induces rapid p21Cip1/Waf1 (p21)- and p27Kip1-mediated cellular senescence through constitutive activation (hyperactivation) of NF-κB. Although constitutive NF-κB activation is a common feature of T/B-cell leukemia/lymphoma, including ATL, it is not known how ATL cells maintain chronic NF-κB activation without undergoing senescence. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to HTLV-1− T-cell lines, ATL cell lines no longer undergo Tax-induced senescence. Although Tax+ and Tax− ATL cell lines showed signatures of constitutive NF-κB activation, their ability to progress through the cell cycle was unaffected. In some cases, ATL cell lines continued to proliferate despite significant upregulation of p21; additionally, many cell lines displayed altered expression of G1 and G1/S cyclins, particularly overexpression of cyclin D2. We propose that, during the course of ATL development, leukemia cells acquire genetic/epigenetic changes that can mitigate the senescence response triggered by NF-κB hyperactivation. Restoring the NF-κB–induced senescence response would likely help to control the development and progression of ATL and similar lymphoid malignancies.
First-Line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (CheckMate 568): Outcomes by Programmed Death Ligand 1 and Tumor Mutational Burden as Biomarkers
Authors: Ready Neal , Hellmann Matthew D. , Awad Mark M. , Otterson Gregory A. , Gutierrez Martin , Gainor Justin F. , Borghaei Hossein , Jolivet Jacques , Horn Leora , Mates Mihaela , Brahmer Julie , Rabinowitz Ian , Reddy Pavan S. , Chesney Jason , Orcutt James , Spigel David R. , Reck Martin , O’Byrne Kenneth John , Paz-Ares Luis , Hu Wenhua , Zerba Kim , Li Xuemei , Lestini Brian , Geese William J. , Szustakowski Joseph D. , Green George , Chang Han , Ramalingam Suresh S.
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE

CheckMate 568 is an open-label phase II trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab as first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We assessed the association of efficacy with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Two hundred eighty-eight patients with previously untreated, recurrent stage IIIB/IV NSCLC received nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) in patients with 1% or more and less than 1% tumor PD-L1 expression. Efficacy on the basis of TMB (FoundationOne CDx assay) was a secondary end point.

RESULTS

Of treated patients with tumor available for testing, 252 patients (88%) of 288 were evaluable for PD-L1 expression and 98 patients (82%) of 120 for TMB. ORR was 30% overall and 41% and 15% in patients with 1% or greater and less than 1% tumor PD-L1 expression, respectively. ORR increased with higher TMB, plateauing at 10 or more mutations/megabase (mut/Mb). Regardless of PD-L1 expression, ORRs were higher in patients with TMB of 10 or more mut/Mb (n = 48: PD-L1, ≥ 1%, 48%; PD-L1, < 1%, 47%) versus TMB of fewer than 10 mut/Mb (n = 50: PD-L1, ≥ 1%, 18%; PD-L1, < 1%, 5%), and progression-free survival was longer in patients with TMB of 10 or more mut/Mb versus TMB of fewer than 10 mut/Mb (median, 7.1 v 2.6 months). Grade 3 to 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 29% of patients.

CONCLUSION

Nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab was effective and tolerable as a first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic NSCLC. TMB of 10 or more mut/Mb was associated with improved response and prolonged progression-free survival in both tumor PD-L1 expression 1% or greater and less than 1% subgroups and was thus identified as a potentially relevant cutoff in the assessment of TMB as a biomarker for first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab.
Actin cytoskeleton self-organization in single epithelial cells and fibroblasts under isotropic confinement
Authors: Jalal Salma , Shi Shidong , Acharya Vidhyalakshmi , Huang Ruby Yun-Ju , Viasnoff Virgile , Bershadsky Alexander , Tee Yee Han
Published: February 2019

Actin cytoskeleton self-organization in two cell types, fibroblasts and epitheliocytes, was studied in cells confined to isotropic adhesive islands. In fibroblasts plated onto islands of optimal size, an initially circular actin pattern evolves into a radial pattern of actin bundles that undergo asymmetric chiral swirling before finally producing parallel linear stress fibres. Epitheliocytes however, did not exhibit succession through all the actin patterns described above. Upon confinement, the actin cytoskeleton in non-keratinocyte epitheliocytes was arrested at the circular stage, while in keratinocytes it progressed as far as the radial pattern but still could not break symmetry. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition pushed actin cytoskeleton development from circular towards radial patterns but remained insufficient to cause chirality. Knockout of cytokeratins also did not promote actin chirality development in keratinocytes. Left-right asymmetric cytoskeleton swirling could, however, be induced in keratinocytes by small doses of G-actin sequestering drug, latrunculin A in a transcription independent manner. Both the nucleus and the cytokeratin network followed the induced chiral swirling. Development of chirality in keratinocytes was controlled by DIAPH1 (mDia1) and VASP, proteins involved in regulation of actin polymerization.
Centriole assembly at a glance
Authors: Gönczy Pierre , Hatzopoulos Georgios N.
Published: February 2019

The centriole organelle consists of microtubules (MTs) that exhibit a striking 9-fold radial symmetry. Centrioles play fundamental roles across eukaryotes, notably in cell signaling, motility and division. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we cover the cellular life cycle of this organelle – from assembly to disappearance – focusing on human centrioles. The journey begins at the end of mitosis when centriole pairs disengage and the newly formed centrioles mature to begin a new duplication cycle. Selection of a single site of procentriole emergence through focusing of polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) and the resulting assembly of spindle assembly abnormal protein 6 (SAS-6) into a cartwheel element are evoked next. Subsequently, we cover the recruitment of peripheral components that include the pinhead structure, MTs and the MT-connecting A-C linker. The function of centrioles in recruiting pericentriolar material (PCM) and in forming the template of the axoneme are then introduced, followed by a mention of circumstances in which centrioles form de novo or are eliminated.
Variable vision in variable environments: the visual system of an invasive cichlid (Cichla monoculus, Agassiz, 1831) in Lake Gatun, Panama
Authors: Escobar-Camacho Daniel , Pierotti Michele E. R. , Ferenc Victoria , Sharpe Diana M. T , Ramos Erica , Martins Cesar , Carleton Karen L.
Published: February 2019

An adaptive visual system is essential for organisms inhabiting new or changing light environments. The Panama Canal exhibits such variable environments due to its anthropogenic origin and current human activities. Within the Panama Canal, Lake Gatun harbours several exotic fish species including the invasive peacock bass (Cichla monoculus, Agassiz, 1831), a predatory Amazonian cichlid. In this research, through spectral measurements and molecular and physiological experiments, we studied the visual system of C. monoculus and its adapative capabilities.

Our results suggest that (1) Lake Gatun is a highly variable environment where light transmission changes throughout the canal-waterway, and that (2) C. monoculus has several visual adaptations suited for this red-shifted light enviroment. C. monoculus filters short-wavelengths (∼400 nm) from the environment through their ocular media and they tune their visual sensitivities to the available light through opsin gene expression. More importantly, based on shifts in spectral sensitivities of photoreceptors alone, and on transcriptome analysis, C. monoculus exhibits extreme intraspecific variation in the use of vitamin A1/A2 chromophore in their photoreceptors. Fish living in turbid water had higher proportions of vitamin A2, shifting sensitivities to longer-wavelengths, than fish living in clear waters. Furthermore, we also found variation in retinal transcriptomes where fish from turbid and clear-waters exhibited differentially expressed genes that vary greatly in their function. We suggest this phenotypic plasticity has been key in C. monoculus’ invasion.
Credit Institutions Financial Statements Audit in Russian Federation
Authors: Безрукова Е. , Bezrukova E. , Шмарова Л. , Shmarova L.
Published: February 2019

Th e paper deals with current trends in the development of the credit institutions’ fi nancial statements audit in the Russian Federation. Th e authors deal with the issues of vesting the Central Bank of Russia with powers in the fi nancial institutions auditing field, as well as dwell on the analysis of the provisions defi ning the features of the credit institutions’ fi nancial statements audit at each stage of the audit assignment included in the “Methodical recommendations on credit institutions’ financial statements audit” approved by the Audit Council under the Ministry of Finance of Russia. The article pays special attention to institutions’ internal control testing.
Social Accounting Control
Authors: Миславская Н. , Mislavskaya N.
Published: February 2019

Th e article is devoted to the problems of social control in accounting. Based on the ethical principles of scientifi c activity, the current state of the national accounting system is analyzed, problems associated with the fundamental possibility of conducting basic research in accounting are identifi ed.
Taxes and taxation
Authors: сидорова елена , sidorova elena , Бобошко Диана , Boboshko Diana
Published: February 2019

The textbook contains theoretical and practical material on the sections "General provisions of the tax system in the Russian Federation"and" Tax administration in the Russian Federation". The material is presented logically, which will allow students to consistently master the lecture material on the discipline "Taxes and taxation" and fix it on practical examples. Meets the requirements of the latest generation of higher education GEF. Legal documents relevant to 09.10.2017. For students enrolled in the enlarged group of specialties 080000 "Economics and management".
Dog handlers' experiences of therapy dogs' impact on life near death for persons with dementia
Authors: Swall Anna , Craftman Åsa , Grundberg Åke , Wiklund Eleonor , Väliaho Nina , Hagelin Carina Lundh
Published: February 2019

Background:

Persons with dementia may have severe physical and psychological symptoms at the end of life. A therapy dog used in their care can provide comfort and relieve their anxiety. The dog handler guides the dog during the interaction with the patient

Aim:

To describe the impact of therapy dogs on people with dementia in the final stages of life from the perspective of the dog handler.

Methods:

Interviews were conducted and analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings:

The dog provides comfort and relief through its presence and by responding to the physical and emotional expressions of the dying person.

Conclusions:

Interactions with dogs were found to have a positive impact on persons with dementia and eased the symptoms associated with end of life according to the dog handlers.
Molecular characterization of pathogenic 4/91-like and QX-like infectious bronchitis virus infecting commercial poultry farms in Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo Michael H. , Ginting Teridah E. , Asmara Widya
Published: February 2019

Background and Aim: Existing data on the characteristics of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) gathered throughout Indonesia have been recognized to indicate variants similar to globally distributed vaccine strains. Despite past and current intensive vaccination programs, IBV infections in the country's poultry industry have not been effectively controlled. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genotype of several isolates based on partial S1 gene sequences. In particular, the investigation is directed to focus on layer chickens in actively vaccinated farms indicating IBV symptoms. Materials and Methods: Samples were isolated from ten different layer chicken flocks experiencing respiratory problem, drops in egg production, and a "penguin-like" stance, which were collected from commercial poultry farms in Central Java and Yogyakarta regions, Indonesia, within the periods of 2012-2018. Fragment of the S1 gene of IBV sampled from actively vaccinated commercial poultry farms was amplified using primer 5'-aca tgg taa ttt ttc aga tgg-3' (forward) and 5'-cag att gct tac aac cac c-3' (reverse) with the length of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product at 383 bp. The sequence of samples was then compared with the sequence of reference S1 gene nucleotides of IBV from NCBI GenBank database. The amino acid analysis and multiple alignment sequence were conducted using Mega X. Results: During necropsy, enlargement of the oviduct and swollen kidney were observed. Reverse transcription-PCR diagnosis of their 383 bp S1 gene showed that all samples were IBV positive. Phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene discovered seven samples to be clustered as 4/91-like strains. Meanwhile, the remaining three samples were grouped in QX-like strain cluster. Conclusion: This study is a pioneering report providing molecular evidence of pathogenic QX-like and 4/91-like strains circulating in Indonesia. Findings discovered, in this study, strongly suggested the importance of improving protections by available IBV vaccines through updated circulating strain clusters. It is critical to ensure the delivery of an effective control measurement of and vaccination protocols against IBV infections in the country's commercial poultry industry in particular and worldwide in general.
Occasional photographic records of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) in Cambodia. 1. The coastal Cardamom foothills (SW Cambodia), 2010-2018
Authors: Kosterin O. E.
Published: February 2019

Results are presented of occasional photographic records of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) made along with studies on the Odonata fauna in 63 localities of four coastal provinces of SW Cambodia (Koh Kong, Preah Sihanouk, Kampot and Kep) in 2010-2018. In total, 151 identified and 15 provisionally identified species are listed; 39 identified species (Troides helena, Graphium agetes, Prioneris philomone, Abisara echerias, Arhopala abseus, A. aedias, A. aida, A. alitaeus, A. atosia, A. avatha, A. bazaloides, A. elopura, Cigaritis lohita, Sinthusa nasaka, Lampides boeticus, Udara selma, Zizeera karsandra, Danaus affinis, Euploea phaenareta, Parantica agleoides, Cyrestis themire, Euthalia malaccana, E. phemius, Discophora timora, Lethe mekara, Badamia exclamationis, Burara harisa, Odina decorata, Tagiades menaka, Ancistroides nigrita, Gangara lebadea, Halpe zola, Hyrtaotis adrastus, Lotongus calathus, Matapa aria, M. sasivarna, Pirdana hyela, Suastus minutus, Thoressa masoni) and 8 provisionally identified species (Poritia cf. erycinoides, Nacaduba cf. pavana, ?Cephrenes acalle, Erionota cf. torus, Halpe cf. hauxvillei, Notocrypta cf. clavata, Potanthus cf. subochraceus, ?Polytremis lubricans) are for the first time reported for Cambodia. These, as well as some other provisionally identified and unidentified species are illustrated. The only not so expected record is a Sondaic species Arhopala athada.
Genetic characterization and virulence of Fusarium spp. isolated from chickpea
Authors: Aydın Mehmet Hadi , ć°nal Behcet
Published: February 2019

Fusarium wilt causing yield losses in chickpea is one of the most important diseases, and occurs due to some fungi especially F. oxysporum and F. solani. Molecular studies are important in revealing the genetic characterization and virulence of the pathogen. In this study ten Fusarium genotypes isolated from chickpea plants showing symptoms of wilting were used. The ITS region was amplified by using the thermal cycler and genetic similarities and differences among species were revealed by performing sequence analysis of ITS region. Samples except for two of Fusarium genotypes; N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N7, N9 and N10 genotypes showed a close relative to F. oxysporum. However, the N8 genotyped was found to be similar to F. solani, and interestingly the N6 genotype showed an equal relationship with F. solani and F. oxysporum so, it could not be fully identified. According to the phylogenetic tree, F. oxysporum, N2, N4 and N10 were determined in a separate group and F. oxysporum N5, N7 and N9 formed separate another group which showed a close relationship to each other. The severity of disease caused by isolates on ILC-482 chickpea variety varied between 1.25 and 3.50. The close relationship was found between F. oxysporum, N2, N4, N5, N7, N9 and N10 isolates was confirmed the result of the pathogenicity test of same isolates. The results revealed that N7 isolate prevented the emergence of plants by causing disease on chickpea seeds and it also indicated the high virulence.
A meta-analysis of the association between poultry and egg consumption and the risk of brain cancer
Authors: Luo Haifeng , Sun Peng , He Shenghu , Guo Shuqiang , Guo Yanan
Published: February 2019

Poultry consumption, as well as egg consumption for brain cancer risk remains an important topic. The objective of this meta-analysis is to investigate the role of poultry and egg consumption for brain cancer risk. All articles about poultry and egg consumption for brain cancer were retrieved from PubMed, Web of knowledge and Wan Fang Med Online. The data was analyzed using Stata 12.0 software. Ten articles (6 articles for poultry and 5 articles for egg) were included. For poultry consumption, the summarized relative risk (RR) was 0.901 (95%CI= 0.703-1.154) for brain cancer risk, with high between-study heterogeneity (I2= 60.7%, P=0.018). Four studies reported the association between poultry consumption and glioma risk, yielding a RR of 0.873 (95%CI= 0.737-1.034, I2= 0.0%, P=0.838). The association between egg consumption and brain cancer risk was not significant (RR= 0.998, 95%CI= 0.552-1.805), with significant heterogeneity (I2= 82.6%, P< 0.001). The pooled RR for glioma risk was 1.472 (95%CI= 0.935-2.316). In summary, our results concluded that poultry and egg consumption may be not associated with the risk of brain cancer. Due to the limited quality of evidence currently available, more studies related to poultry and egg consumption for brain cancer is necessary.
Chronic copper exposure elicit neurotoxic responses in rat brain: Assessment of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine activity, oxidative stress and neurobehavioral parameters
Authors: Kumar Jayant , Sathua Kshirod Bihari , Flora S. J. S.
Published: February 2019

Copper (Cu), one of the essential transition metal acts as a prosthetic group for variety of proteins and metalloenzymes. However, it may be hazardous when administered in excess. Copper induced memory impairment and progression of neurodegenerative diseases have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exposure to copper sulphate (10mg/kg and 20mg/kg body weight, daily for 16 weeks) on brain copper concentration, few biochemical parameters indicative of oxidative stress and on different neurobehavioral functions in male Sprague Dawley rats. Copper-administered animals showed significant increase in brain copper concentration and a depleted Ceruloplasmin level. Different neurobehavioral studies revealed impaired memory and motor coordination in copper exposed rat. Spontaneous locomotors activity and depression symptoms were also noted in copper intoxicated rats. 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level, one of the predominant forms of free radical-induced oxidative lesions, and has been widely used as a biomarker for oxidative stress, increased in copper treated group. Copper induced oxidative stress in the brain was also evident from the increased lipid per oxidation (LPO) and nitrite level, depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), and reduced activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase. The present study thus suggests a significant correlation between copper induced oxidative stress and changes in neurobehavioral function in rats. The changes were more pronounced in animals exposed to a higher dose of copper (20mg/kg) than the lower dose.
Assessment of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and sedative effects of oleuropein from Olea europaea L
Authors: Mao Xincheng , Xia Bing , Zheng Mingzhi , Zhou Zhiming
Published: February 2019

More and more studies show that inflammation, pain and insomnia have become the main common diseases. Effective treatments of inflammation, pain and insomnia have become an issue of primary concern in clinical practice. Oleuropein (OLE), the main phenolic component of Mediterranean extra virgin olive oil, has shown many pharmacological properties. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of OLE was firstly evaluated using RAW264.7 macrophages subjected to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPSC). The results obtained revealed that OLE caused significant and dose-dependent downregulation of nitric (NO), COX-2, inducible NO synthase iNOS, and the inflammation-associated cytokines IL-6 and TNF-Î±. From the mechanism, the expression of COX-2, cytokines IL-6 and TNF-Î± OLE is closely related to analgesic and sedation effect. Further evaluations showed significant analgesic and sedative effects of OLE in tail-flick test and sedation test conducted in SD rats in vivo. All these results indicate that OLE has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and sedative effects both in vitro and in vivo.
Recenzja książki Eleonory Sapii-Drewniak pt. Stefania Mazurek. Biografia pedagogiczna, Opole 2011: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, ss. 282
Authors: Zamecka Zalas Olga
Published: February 2019

Recenzja książki Eleonory Sapii-Drewniak pt. Stefania Mazurek. Biografia pedagogiczna, Opole 2011: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, ss. 282
Polskie książki z historii oświaty i wychowania (1945–1989) w ocenie ówczesnej krytyki
Authors: Wnęk Jan
Published: February 2019

This article analyses the reviews of Polish books on the history of education and bringing up children in the years 1945-1989. It presents the ways in which critics reviewed new publications and shows the aspects which they paid special attention to. The reviews were published in the most renowned magazines among historians of education and raising children, such as ”Przegląd Historyczno-Oświatowy” (The History and Education Review), ”Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty” (Dissertations on the History of Education). Some of them were written by renowned specialists in the field. For contemporary historians, the reviews may constitute an interesting source of information on academic criticism from the times of the Polish People’s Republic. They may also bear witness to the hard work and efforts made towards conducting thorough studies into the history of education and bringing up children over various historical periods.
L’anniversaire d’”Annales”. Rok 2014 czasem francuskich rocznic Marca Blocha, Philippa Aries’a oraz Jacquesa le Goffa
Authors: Głowacka-Sobiech Edyta
Published: February 2019

L’anniversaire d’”Annales”. Rok 2014 czasem francuskich rocznic Marca Blocha, Philippa Aries’a oraz Jacquesa le Goffa
Locally conformally Kähler solvmanifolds: a survey
Authors: Andrada A. , Origlia M.
Published: February 2019

A Hermitian structure on a manifold is called locally conformally Kähler (LCK) if it locally admits a conformal change which is Kähler. In this survey we review recent results of invariant LCK structures on solvmanifolds and present original results regarding the canonical bundle of solvmanifolds equipped with a Vaisman structure, that is, a LCK structure whose associated Lee form is parallel.
Hydrogen generation by both acidic and catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride
Authors: Netskina Olga V. , Filippov Tihon N. , Komova Oksana V. , Simagina Valentina I.
Published: February 2019

Sodium borohydride tablets have been employed as hydrogen-storage materials. Hydrogen release was performed by acidic hydrolysis where solutions of sulfuric and hydrochloric acids were added to the tablets, and by catalytic hydrolysis where water was added tablets of solid-state NaBH4/Co composite. In acidic solutions hydrogen evolution occurred instantaneously, and at high concentrations of acids the releasing hydrogen contained an admixture of diborane. Hydrogen evolution from the solidstate NaBH4/Co composite proceeded at a uniform rate of 13.8±0.1 cm3·min-1, water vapor being the only impurity in the evolving gas.
Zygmund inequality of the conjugate function on Morrey-Zygmund spaces
Authors: Yee Tat-Leung , Ho Kwok-Pun
Published: February 2019

We generalize the Zygmund inequality for the conjugate function to the Morrey type spaces defined on the unit circle T. We obtain this extended Zygmund inequality by introducing the Morrey-Zygmund space on T.
Sapiehas estate document from the end of the 17th century as a source of the family’s economic and political history
Authors: Ziober Aleksandra
Published: February 2019

Property documents and more precisely, the inventories of earthly goods can be very helpful in explaining complicated political affairs. Also the nobles’ names, which are mentioned in registers, may show us the influence and the composition of the nobility, from which the lider’s property were leased. Residents of manors, which belonged to the Sapieha Family, actually were forced to gain some contact and be dependent on the Family, even if it was a part of economic relations, which could easily be transformed into a personal one. However, the manor reliances undoubtedly opened up opportunities for both sides, which juxtaposed the benefits and losses with possible closer cooperation. Despite property ties, by analyzing the mentioned document we can find out (among other knowledge) the information about subordination and independence. Moreover it is possible to take the notice of the moodiness of the political scene or of the global political tendencies of residents what was the scope of interests for researcher of economists and goods.
The Impact of Focusing on Different Features During Encoding on Young and Older Adults’ Source Memory
Authors: Mitchell Karen J. , Hill Erin M.
Published: February 2019

Age-related source memory deficits result, in part, because young and older adults attend to different information. We asked whether focusing young and older adults‘ attention on specific features at encoding would result in similar subjective experiences of the vividness of the features and how this might affect source memory. Ratings of the vividness of visual detail, emotion, and associations were similar for young and older adults both when they were perceiving pictures and when they were thinking about them after a brief delay. Although young adults had better source memory than older adults, source accuracy did not differ depending on feature attended, and correlations between ratings and source memory showed that focus on the different types of information was equally predictive of source memory accuracy for young and older adults. Although preliminary, the results suggest that when attention is focused on specific information at encoding, young and older adults later use the various categories of source-specifying information similarly in making source attributions. Nevertheless, older adults did worse on the source test, suggesting they had less discriminable source information overall, this information was not well bound, and/or they experienced difficulty in strategic retrieval and monitoring processes.
Toxoplasma gondii IgG associations with sleepwake problems, sleep duration and timing
Authors: Corona Celine C. , Zhang Man , Wadhawan Abhishek , Daue Melanie L. , Groer Maureen W. , Dagdag Aline , Lowry Christopher A. , Hoisington Andrew J. , Ryan Kathleen A. , Stiller John W. , Fuchs Dietmar , Mitchell Braxton D. , Postolache Teodor T.
Published: February 2019

Background: Evidence links Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a neurotropic parasite, with schizophrenia, mood disorders and suicidal behavior, all of which are associated and exacerbated by disrupted sleep. Moreover, low-grade immune activation and dopaminergic overstimulation, which are consequences of T. gondii infection, could alter sleep patterns and duration. Methods: Sleep data on 833 Amish participants [mean age (SD) = 44.28 (16.99) years; 59.06% women] were obtained via self-reported questionnaires that assessed sleep problems, duration and timing. T. gondii IgG was measured with ELISA. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regressions and linear mixed models, with adjustment for age, sex and family structure. Results: T. gondii seropositives reported less sleep problems (p < 0.005) and less daytime problems due to poor sleep (p < 0.005). Higher T. gondii titers were associated with longer sleep duration (p < 0.05), earlier bedtime (p < 0.005) and earlier mid-sleep time (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It seems unlikely that sleep mediates the previously reported associations between T. gondii and mental illness. Future longitudinal studies with objective measures are necessary to replicate our findings.
Bridging the Gap Between Remission and Recovery in BPD: Qualitative Versus Quantitative Perspectives
Authors: Soloff Paul H.
Published: February 2019

The 10-year outcome for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is diagnostic remission in 85% to 93% however, less than half achieve good social and vocational functioning, and few attain full psychosocial recovery. To assess the gap between diagnostic remission and psychosocial recovery, quantitative measures of outcome were compared with narrative reports of psychosocial functioning in 150 BPD subjects followed prospectively from 2 to 31 years (mean 9.94 years). Subjects with the best and the worst outcomes were compared on symptom changes over time, and on efforts to improve psychosocial functioning. At intake, poor outcome subjects were more impaired than those with good outcomes, with more borderline psychopathology, hospitalizations, and poverty. At follow-up, 53.8% of good outcome subjects complained of continuing problems with depression, 33.3% with anger and impulse control, and 25.6% with unstable relationships. Despite objective measures of improvement, narrative reports documented residual BPD symptoms, comorbidity, and unemployment interfering with psychosocial recovery.
Change of Emotional Experience in Major Depression and Borderline Personality Disorder During Psychotherapy: Associations With Depression Severity and Personality Functioning
Authors: Dinger Ulrike , Fuchs Magdalena , Köhling Johanna , Schauenburg Henning , Ehrenthal Johannes C.
Published: February 2019

This study examines emotional experience in major depressive disorder (MDD) with and without comorbid borderline personality disorder (BPD). It investigates if depression severity or personality functioning mediates group differences and which aspects of emotional experience change during psychotherapy. The emotional experience of MDD-BPD patients (n = 44) was compared to MDD-only patients (n = 35) before and after multimodal short-term psychotherapy. Emotions were classified based on valence and an active/passive polarity. MDD-BPD patients exhibited more active-negative emotions. This group difference was mediated by the level of personality functioning, but not by depression severity. Although passive-negative emotions decreased and positive emotions increased during therapy, there was no significant change in active-negative emotions. The two patient groups did not significantly differ in the change of emotional experience. Lower levels of personality functioning in depressed patients with BPD are associated with a broader spectrum of negative emotions, specifically more active-negative emotions.
Modernizing Architecture and Ornament on Mid-Nineteenth-Century Scandinavian Farms
Authors: Ripatti Anna
Published: February 2019

In mid-nineteenth-century Sweden and Finland, numerous publications promoted the modernization of rural architecture. Many featured guidance for peasant farmers, including instructions for crafting wood carvings for the exteriors of farm buildings. In Modernizing Architecture and Ornament on Mid-Nineteenth-Century Scandinavian Farms, Anna Ripatti argues that such wood carvings and the discourse around them played an important and inherently political role in efforts to modernize not only Scandinavian farm architecture but rural Scandinavia writ large. For reformers, this ornament was a means by which to increase agricultural production, provide decent incomes to the growing numbers of landless rural laborers, and develop the image of a prosperous Scandinavia at a time of widespread rural poverty. Offering a new look at the societal meanings of a common decorative element in nineteenth-century Scandinavian architecture, this article contributes to ongoing discussions about ornament in the history of architecture.
BioEYES: 2018 Elizabeth W. Jones Award for Excellence in Education
Authors: Haloupek Nicole
Published: February 2019

The Genetics Society of America’s Elizabeth W. Jones Award for Excellence in Education honors individuals who have made a significant and sustained impact on genetics education. The 2018 recipients are geneticist Steven Farber of the Carnegie Institution for Science and education expert Jamie Shuda of the University of Pennsylvania. Farber and Shuda were awarded the prize in recognition of their outreach program BioEYES, which provides students in grades 2–12 with hands-on biology experience using live zebrafish. The flagship program brings fish—and the tools to study them—into the classroom for an entire week, during which time students observe much of the fish’s life cycle, from mating to the development of larvae.
Evolution or Entropy of the Concept of Chilling Effect? – Polish Perspective
Authors: Kos Katarzyna
Published: February 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]

The concept of chilling effect, formulated in the beginning of the second half of the 20th century by the Supreme Court of the United States of America, has been applicated both in common law and in continental law system. Lately, also the Polish Constitutional Tribunal more often has used it. Despite the U.S. Supreme Court bound the chilling effect with infringement of the freedom of speech, nowadays it seems to be useful to describe also interferences to other human rights. The European Court of Human Rights has developed that kind of interpretation. It has occurred that the notion of chilling effect perfectly describes any interference into right or freedom consisting of deterring of a person from undertaking by he or she an action. The Polish Constitutional Tribunal has drawn the concept of the chilling effect directly from adjudication of the ECHR. But without broad justification it also applicates this notion to constitutional issues connected with provisions concerning the system of government. This process of adaptation of the chilling effect concept provokes questions whether this notion was properly rooted in the Polish constitutional system. The Polish Constitutional Tribunal has not deeply explained how to understand the concept of chilling effect and in what occurrences it may be applied. Without clear statement of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal we can say that the chilling effect concept may not be applied only in the cases concerning rights and freedoms which imply act of deterrence, like prohibition of compelling to participate or not participate in religious practices. Moreover, we can only assume that identifying the chilling effect does not overjudge the result of constitutional review, it is just an argument for unconstitutionality.
Verslo sprendimo taisyklės taikymo priežastys
Authors: Jarusevičius Justinas
Published: February 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

The reasons which led to the formation of the business judgment rule and its implementation are discussed in the present article. The courts usually have the competence to rule on the legality of the defendant’s actions and (or) their civil liability. Courts’ competence is being limited when the legality of the business decisions is analyzed and (or) the case of civil liability of the board members‘ or chief executive officer‘s of the private legal entities is decided. Due to the application of the business judgment rule the courts should abstain from evaluating the legality of the business judgments of the private legal entities, if they turned to be unprofitable or profitable not enough where such decisions were made by complying with the duties applied to the board members or chief executive officers. Motives, which justifies special civil liability regime of the directors are analyzed in the article.

Summary

Although the courts usually have the competence to rule on the legality of the defendant’s actions and (or) their civil liability, Courts’ competence is being limited when the legality of the business decisions is analyzed and (or) the case of civil liability of the board members‘ or chief executive officer‘s of the private legal entities is decided due to the appli- cation of the business judgment rule. As the business judgment rule has been identified by the case law of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, in this article author analyzes the reasons which led to the formation of the business judgment rule and its implementation in the jurisdiction of its origin – United States of America. Conclussions demonstrate that business judgment rule was implemented in the US case law with the purpose to guarantee and declare clearly that the ultimate decision maker within the private legal entity are board members or chief executive officers and not the courts. Business judgment rule works as a guarantee for the executives that they will not be held liable or criticized for the well-informed and fair decisions they make in the course of the company’s management. It encourages board members and chief exec- utive officers to take the risk needed for the development of company.