bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geology of Eastern Karakoram, Ladakh District, India
Authors: Rai Hakim
Published: April 2021

The eastern Karakoram lies to the north of the Shyok ophiolite melange belt (commonly known as the Shyok Suture). Metamorphic rocks are limited in occurrence and mainly confined to the either side of the batholith. Sedimentation history of the Karakoram Basin or the Karakoram Tethys spans from Carboniferous to post-Cretaceous and was confined to the north of the Karakoram Batholith. To the north and east, this basin was not confined to the Karakoram Range but extends beyond its limits. Lower part of the sedimentary sequence is dominated by argillites, siliciclastics and carbonates of Carboniferous to Permian. Basic to intermediate lava flows, sometimes with large pillows, are commonly associated with these sediments particularly in the eastern part of the area. Upper part of the basin, exposed to the north of Chhungtash and extending beyond the Karakoram Pass, is dominated by the carbonates. The end phase of deposition in the Karakoram Tethys is marked by coarse elastic deposits of molassic nature during the post-Cretaceous period.

The Karakoram Batholith defines the southern limit of the Karakoram in its eastern part. In the north it intrudes the metamorphics and lower part of the Karakoram Tethys. Along the southern margin the granitoids have intruded the Shyok ophiolitic melange and metasediments. Compositionally, the granitoids of the batholith varies from tonalite to granite which become porphyritic to the south. Magmatic activity within the batholith and also in the Karakoram Tethys ended with the intrusion of a variety of dykes within the batholith.

Some of the recent workers working on the Western Karakoram region (from Pakistan side) considered the origin of theKarakoram batholith primarily due to a complex combination of subduction and tectonism. According to them, initially the granitoids were generated by a subduction along the Pamir Suture, subsequently by a subduction along the Shyok Suture and final phase came due to collision. However, present study in the eastern Karakoram points out the emplacement of the batholith along the interface of oceanic and continental margin. The Karakoram batholith is very far from the Pamir Suture. Therefore its origin cannot be related to the subduction along the Pamir Suture. The batholith is very young and has come at the time when Ladakh Batholith was emplaced or at a later date.
Vegetational history of Nachiketa Tal, Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Sharma Chhaya , Gupta Asha
Published: April 2021

Vegetational history traced back to 1500 years (based on 14C dating) and the deduced corresponding climate for the temperate region of Uttarkashi in Garhwal Himalaya is discussed in the paper. Pollen analysis of 2 metres deep sedimentary profile dug out from Nachiketa Tai, has revealed the existence of thick broad-leaved forests in the region, evidenced by the dominance of arboreal pollen over non-arboreals, Quercus dominated in these forests, associated with Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Juglans, Rhododendron, Ulmus, Celtis, Aesculus, Corylus, etc.The non-arboreal ground vegetation comprised mainly thegrasses alongwith few other scattered taxa. Moderate distribution of ferns and peponderance of aquatics, reflect to the prevailing wet habitat conditions inside the forest. Overall vegetational scenario thus depicts warm-temperate and humid climate during the period and probably even earlier which has continued till today without much change except for some minor fluctuations. A gradual decline in oak witnessed around 200 years ago and simultaneous increase in non-arboreal elements as well as culture pollen is indicative of the advent of agricultural practices in the region.
Nepal Gem Tourmalines
Authors: Bassett Allen M.
Published: April 2021

Gem quality tourmaline crystals from pockets in the pegmatites at Hyakule and Phakuwa in the Sankhuwa Sabha District, Kosi Zone, eastern Nepal, have been mined for over 50 years with a production of at least a ton of gem crystals. Mining continues, despite land-slide problems, in sporadic operations at both mines. Minerals associated with the elbaite tourmalines include quartz, muscovite biotite, lepidolite, beryl (occasionally of gem aquamarine), both spessartine and hessonite garnets, danburite, hambergite, apatite, and both micro-cline and cleavelandite feldspar The gem-bearing pegmatites are associated with schist and carbonate rocks in the Khitya Khola formation as defined by E. Andrews in an article in this journal in 1985. The origin of these intrusive pegmatites is still controversial as no body of source granite is exposed in the area. Additional tourmaline-bearing pegmatites are reported in the Sankhuwa Sabha, Taplejung Jajarkot, and Rasuwa districts. Five distinct mineral species of the tourmaline group occur in Nepal.
Hydrogeological conditions in the Terai plain of Morang district, eastern Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai T. N. , Rao G. Krishna
Published: April 2021

The Terai Plain of Morang District is underlain by thick alluvium deposits.  Alternate sequence of gravel, sand and clay turn into multiaquifer system.  Artesian conditions occur in some parts of the middle Terai. The area possesses rich groundwater potential which can be used for industrial and large scale irrigation. Over development of groundwater is suggested to reclaim the land under water-logging and marshy conditions in the middle Terai.
Arsenic contamination in the deep tube wells of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Suman Man , Wagley S. P. , Parajuli S. , KC U. , KC A.
Published: April 2021

A study was conducted at 13 different areas of Kathmandu Valley to know the status of arsenic in deep tube wells in post monsoon and winter in 2009 and 2010. The depth of the deep tube wells ranged from 75 m to 304 m. The study was also carried out to know the correlations between depths of the deep tube wells and arsenic concentration. The collected samples were analyzed as per standard method using spectrophotometer. The correlations of arsenic concentration in different season (post monsoon and winter) were also studied. 92.31% of deep tube wells in post monsoon and winter exceeded permissible values of World Health Organization guideline value 0.01 mg/L for drinking water but 38.46% deep tube wells in post monsoon and 46.15% of deep tube wells in winter exceeded permissible values of Nepal Drinking Water Standard of 0.05 mg/L. There was strong positive correlation in arsenic concentration between post monsoon and winter(r=0.94, p<0.001). There was weak but positive correlation between arsenic concentration and depth of deep tube wells in winter ( r=0.23, p=0.451). There was very weak correlations between arsenic concentration and depth of deep tube wells in post monsoon (r=0.055, p=0.859). The trend distribution maps were generated for arsenic in post monsoon and winter.
Kryzys więzi międzyludzkich jako kryzys kultury emocjonalnej
Authors: Przybylska Irena
Published: April 2021

W artykule podjęto próbę wskazania symptomów kryzysu więzi międzyludzkich w perspektywie kryzysu kultury emocjonalnej. Trzonem analiz przyczyn i symptomów kryzysu więzi są pojęcia związane ze zwrotem emocjonalnym w kulturze (emotional turn) i dyskursywnym wymiarem życia afektywnego. Kryzys kultury emocjonalnej w tekście opisywany jest w wymiarze ochładzania intymności oraz postępującej indywidualizacji, która wypiera wspólnotowość celów i postaw. Główną tezą tekstu jest, iż inwazyjność dyskursów eksperckich oraz kultury konsumpcyjnej prowadzi do ochładzania wzorów kultury emocjonalnej, racjonalizowania sfery prywatnej i łamania obwarowań aksjonormatywnych, które regulują postawy społeczne, także w wymiarze tworzenia i utrzymywania więzi międzyludzkich.
Corsino: z wczesnych szkiców powieściowych Honoriusza Balzaka
Authors: Kaznowski Jan
Published: April 2021

Around 1820–1821, a young and not quite experienced Balzac writes a short story in prose, a draft which will remain unfinished and which we know as Corsino. It is one of Balzac’s experimental texts in prose (Sténie ou les Erreurs philosophiques; Une heure de ma vie; Agathise; Falthurne) revealing his artistic quest and announcing some important traits to be found in his later official works. Corsino is influenced by Balzac’s philosophical lectures and reflections present in his notes known as Discours sur l’immortalité de l’âme from 1818, where the topics such as religion, God, morality, science, epistemology, materialism, or scepticism are discussed.
„To jeszcze nie dowód”. Badania nad Josephem Conradem w długim cieniu kryzysu literatury porównawczej
Authors: Samsel Karol
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study is the synthetic presentation of the scope of methodological problems appearing during the comparative analysis of Joseph Conrad’s writings in the horizon of Polish Conrad’s world view background. To sum up, the question is how the comparative analysis concentrated on the works of Nostromo’s author within his extraordinary, hidden as well as phantomatic, Polish Romantic factors is possible. Long, lasting almost a hundred years surveys on Joseph Conrad and Polish Romantic literature should be not only revised, but also revolutionised. To reach this point, we should come back to the old schools of Wellek’s and Etiemble’s comparative literature, regarding however the renewal of the area of our research by new instruments such as Jacques Derrida’s hauntology.
OPERATION MANAGEMENT USING ITIL AND COBIT FRAMEWORK
Authors:   Universidade do Algarve, Portugal, Marchão Joaquina , Reis Leonilde ,   Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Portugal, Ventura Paula ,   Universidade do Algarve, Portugal
Published: April 2021

Information and Communication Technologies management is now increasingly challenging in a highly digital and connected world, with different services emerging for different clients with heterogeneous infrastructures, software, assets, different service requirements, security risks increasing, organizational structures not flexible to adjust. These are some of the variables to manage in Information and Communication Technologies departments. This paper aims to present a literature review to support the design of an approach for service operation management in a medium-sized organization, to improve operational efficiency, cost optimization and stakeholder satisfaction, relevant topics in any organization strategy. The applied methodology includes a literature study related with the frameworks Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) and Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). The main results underlying the literature review were based on the use of keywords in the subject domain.
HOW DATA ANALYTICS HELPS MANAGEMENT IN GLOBAL PANDEMIC SITUATION
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, 1700 Sofia, Student Town, UNWE, Bulgaria, Dimitrov Dimitar , Radev Radko ,   University of National and World Economy, 1700 Sofia, Student Town, UNWE, Bulgaria
Published: April 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is having a tremendous impact on the business organizations, governments and people around the Globe. No matter if it is a public, or private organization, the leaders and management have changed their approaches, standard operations, the way they communicate, processes and procedures. In this paper is analyzed the impact of Data Analytics on two main management pillars and more specifically: Business Operations and Human Resources Management; more precisely, how they are impacted and changed in the pandemics. We analyzed how Global IT Companies are reacting and using analytics as a tool that helps them in the day to day operations, representing some used models and patterns.
THE NECESSITY OF PSYCHOHYGIENE IN THE WORK OF TRADERS
Authors:   University of Presov Faculty of Management, Konštantínova 16, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia, Birknerová Zuzana , Kaščáková Dagmara Ratnayake ,   University of Presov Faculty of Management, Konštantínova 16, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
Published: April 2021

The rapid economic growth of many companies brings with it the need to pay more attention to issues of management and leadership of people in the conditions of a centralized model of economic management, as well as mental readiness for work and social position in business. Mental balance is one of the most important mental equipment of traders in personal and professional life. Therefore, in the article we assess the necessity of psychohygiene in the work of traders. Its role is to support and create favorable psychological conditions. The aim of the research is to determine the existence of statistically significant differences in the assessment of the attributes of psychohygiene between customers and traders. The research sample, out of the total number of 177 respondents, consists of 125 (70.6%) women and 52 (29.4%) men aged 18 - 70 years, while the average age is 41.08 years, the standard deviation is 7.913 years. Of the total number of respondents, 97 (54.8%) were traders and 80 (45.2%) were customers. The length of the respondents' internship ranged from 1 to 40 years (average 17.25 years, standard deviation 8.679 years). The research results were processed in statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics 22.00 and assessed by t- test for two independent samples. The authors focused on mental health care, proper lifestyle, stressors, work environment and time management.
SOCIAL NETWORKS, COGNITIVE BIASES AND FAKE NEWS: CAN A SIMPLE COMPUTER MODEL EXPLAIN A COMPLEX PHENOMENON?
Authors:   Faculty of Information Studies, Ljubljanska cesta 31a, SI-8000 Novo Mesto, Slovenia, Rodič Blaž
Published: April 2021

Misinformation spread by individuals sharing fake news can cause problems in social, economic and democratic systems. The World Economic Forum considers the viral spread of misinformation online to be one of the main threats to our society. While the reasons why people spread misinformation likely haven't changed in the last millennia, the rise of Internet powered social networks has allowed news to spread rapidly among millions of users, and gave rise to new phenomena such as echo chambers. The question we ask in this paper is whether we can model the dissemination of fake news and the emerging phenomena using relatively simple rules in an agent-based model. We present the current state of research in the field of fake news, the agent-based modelling methodology, and the current state of our model development.
USE OF “OWASP TOP 10” IN WEB APPLICATION SECURITY
Authors:   Enreach Labs, Omladinskih brigada 90 V, Belgrade, Serbia, Nedeljković Nikola , Vugdelija Natalija ,   Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies Belgrade (ATUSS) – Department ICT College for vocational studies, Zdravka Čelara 16, Belgrade, Serbia, Kojić Nenad ,   Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies Belgrade (ATUSS) – Department ICT College for vocational studies, Zdravka Čelara 16, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: April 2021

Web application security vulnerabilities can lead to various attacks on users, some of which can have major consequences. It is important to point out the weaknesses that allow abuse, because often increased risk awareness is the first step in protecting web applications. Some of the most critical security risks that organizations face today have been analyzed and uncovered using OWASP Top 10. This paper presents concrete examples of attacks and abuse of web applications. Through the implementation and analysis of attacks on web applications, weaknesses that need to be eliminated in order to protect against potential new attacks are identified. Especially, suggestions to help protect web applications from each type of attack listed and described are provided.
A FRAME OF REFERENCE FOR RESEARCH OF A BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SOLUTION TO CORPORATE GRC-MANAGEMENT
Authors:   University for Foreigners ", Chen Le ,   Dante Alighieri",   of Reggio Calabria, Via del Torrione 95, Reggio Calabria, Italy
Published: April 2021

This society has faced many sorts of global challenges, especially the world of business and technological innovation, there's no greater aroused general argument nowadays than digital transformation (DT). Among production-oriented Corporates which many of them have begun to integrate digital technology into most areas of their business. How to well fulfill Corporate Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) while expanding existing businesses in the dramatic growth in DT environment has become a major challenge for all Corporates. Through a review of previous studying works and based on existing gaps the author evaluated whether there could be the feasibility of a blockchain-based technology being integrated as a solution to Corporate GRC-Management together with the theory of entire personnel's GRC responsibility system which would be parts of an agenda for the future research on this field and also contribute to Corporates in an overall strategic height level to embrace the coming of DT.
GRAPH DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND GRAPH THEORY
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of organization and informatics, Pavlinska 2, Varaždin, Croatia, Rabuzin Kornelije , Ristić Sonja ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Trg D. Obradovića 6, Novi Sad, Serbia, Kudelić Robert ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of organization and informatics, Pavlinska 2, Varaždin, Croatia
Published: April 2021

In recent years, graph databases have become far more important. They have been proven to be an excellent choice for storing and managing large amounts of interconnected data. Since graph databases (GDB) rely on a graph data model based on graph theory, this study examines whether currently available graph database management systems support the principles of graph theory, and, if so, to what extent. We also show how these systems differ in terms of implementation and languages, and we also discuss which graph database management systems are used today and why.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ACQUIRING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE TOURIST PROFESSIONALS IN MONTENEGRO
Authors:   Faculty of Business and Tourism, Akademija znanja, Budva, Montenegro, Mušura Gordana
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper2 is to discuss and emphasize the importance of acquiring and developing intercultural communicative competence (hereinafter ICC) for tourist professionals in the context of strategic advantages of Montenegro as a tourist destination. Montenegro, as a multicultural, multiethnic and multi-confessional country with a very rich and ancient cultural heritage and preserved natural resources, strives for European integration and achieving international competitiveness in the field of tourism through the development of its strategic advantages. In order to achieve progress in tourism industry, it is necessary to apply an interdisciplinary approach, which includes a symbiosis of elements of culture and tradition with the need and demands of modern tourists who want to communicate with the domicile population, or at least with their hosts, as well as to feel comfortable and welcome at the destination they have chosen for their holiday. Therefore, communicative and affective segments must be added to this interdisciplinary approach which inevitably includes the acquisition of new skills in intercultural communication at the international level. Such communication enables the development of ICC through the inclusion of both linguistic and cultural elements of education in tourism and applying the intercultural approach in foreign language teaching. Furthermore, developing intercultural aspects in tourism should be seen as one of core advantages of smaller and still insufficiently affirmed tourist regions, such as Montenegro, especially in these disruptive circumstances of crisis caused by Covid -19 virus.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ŠUMAVA NATIONAL PARK
Authors:   University Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové III, Czech Republic, Stemberk Josef
Published: April 2021

The main task of nature protection is to preserve or improve the current state of nature. Thus, it might seem that the economic benefits of the national park are not important for the management of the protected area, but calculating the economic benefits of protected areas for the region improves its acceptance among locals and visitors, as well as political and economic actors. From 2017 to 2019, Šumava National Park (Bohemian Forest National Park) in the Czech Republic and Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald (Bavarian Forest National Park) were subjected to extensive socio-economic monitoring, which included, among other things, research focusing on the economic benefits that visitors brought to both national parks. This article presents the results of research of the regional economic benefits that visitors brought to Šumava National Park compared with those in Bavarian Forest National Park, although the methods and findings were not absolutely identical and therefore difficult to compare.
NEW APPROACH IN QUANTIFYING USER EXPERIENCE IN WEB-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS
Authors:   Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies Belgrade - Department School of Applied Studies for Information and Communication Technologies, Zdravka Celara 16, Serbia, Vasilijević Vasilije , Kojić Nenad ,   Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies Belgrade - Department School of Applied Studies for Information and Communication Technologies, Zdravka Celara 16, Serbia, Vugdelija Natalija ,   Academy of Technical and Art Applied Studies Belgrade - Department School of Applied Studies for Information and Communication Technologies, Zdravka Celara 16, Serbia
Published: April 2021

The primary goal of every developer is to develop the highest quality web application. The quality of the application is not only a subjective assessment of the developer, but objective and representative criteria for measuring performance must be defined. Google provides a model called Web Vitals with a subset of core Web Vitals that are important for quantifying user experience on the web. Some of the metrics are LCP (Largest Contentful Paint, refers to loading), FID (First Input Delay, refers to interactivity) and CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift, refers to visual stability). This paper will present modern technologies and tools for measuring the performance of websites and analyze them on a real example of a web application. The analysis will include the use and measurement of the most important parameters: Lighthouse, PageSpeed Insights, Chrome DevTools, Search Console, web.dev's measure tool, the Web Vitals Chrome extension and Chrome UX Report API.
SUNBLOCK ACTIVITY POTENTIAL OF LEAF EXTRACT FROM COLOCASIA ESCULENTA(GABI) LEAVES
Authors:   Science Teacher, Bacoor National High School, Bacoor Cavite, Philippines, Cajucom Diana Ross E. , Cajucom Jr. Ernesto S. ,   International Chemistry Teacher, NazarbayevIntellectual School of Chemistry and Biology, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
Published: April 2021

Evaluation of sunblock activity is an important aspect nowadays, as exposure to sunlight is recognized as a major factorin the causeof the progressive unwanted changes in the skin appearance and physiology due to UV rays present in the sunlight.In thisstudy, sunblock activity of Colocasia esculenta (gabi) leaf extract was determined by absorption spectroscopy using UV-vis spectrophotometry. The in-vitro SPF of the formulations was determined according to the UV Spectrophotometric method. The Colocasiaesculenta (gabi) leaf extract under study produced high absorbance at 290-320nm wavelength range and obtained an averageSPF (Sun Protection Factor) of 7.39 in five trials. The study can positively conclude that Colocasia esculenta (gabi) leaf extract can considerably contribute in the preparation of sunblock product formulations which could prevent skin damaging effects ofultraviolet radiations.
METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF HIERARCHIES AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE PROBLEM "DEFINING PRIORITIES IN ASSESSING VARIOUS SKILLS AND COMPETENCES OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERS IN HIRING PROCESS"
Authors:   Ph.D., Academy of Public Administration under the President, Baku, Azerbaijan, Mehdialiyev Aghamehdi , Farziyev Seymur ,   Founder of DevHq, Linz, Austria, Aliyeva Samira ,   Senior Programmer at Azerconnect, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: April 2021

In the paper to solve the problem was used the AHP method, in which a decision-making problem decomposes into a system of hierarchies of objectives and alternatives. Theimplementation of the method of analysis of hierarchies on the defining priorities in assessing various skills and competencies of softwareengineers in hiring process is described.
PANDEMIC AND GENERAL TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF WORLD TOURISM
Authors: Tamar Meskhishvili  , Isabella Perishvili
Published: April 2021

Tourism is one of the most important fields of the world economy. In recent years, world tourism has been a direction of special priority and the attention to it has increased considerably. The importance of tourism to the World Heritage was gradually increasing, which changed both opportunities and danger. The World Heritage Center was tasked with developing a solid World Heritage Tourism Development Program. The purpose of this program is to help the World Heritage Committee and the management of the facilities use tourism as a positive factor in preserving the world heritage and mitigating the expected threats. Although there are suitable environmental conditions for the development of tourism in the world, it is significantly affected by such risks as: climate, natural disasters, political situation, various viruses, pandemics, etc. This kind of risk that fundamentally changed tourism around the world today is COVID-19, to which our article is dedicated.
Advanced technologies for the development of information competence of university students as transprofessional
Authors: Tabachuk Natalia Petrovna
Published: April 2021

The study focuses on advanced technologies associated with the use of interactive and animated videos, web quests with scenario branching, interactive worksheets, flash cards, interactive exercises, training simulators, collaboration services, and others in the educational process. advanced technologies, university students have soft skills as “soft skills” or transprofessional competences, manifested in different fields of activity. One of these transprofessional competences is the information competence of university students. The development of information competence of students of the direction of training "Pedagogical education" as transprofessional is possible through advanced technologies. Attention is drawn to the description of the experience of using such technologies for the development of information competence of university students. Examples of the use of these technologies by students are given.
Expert Analysis during Events in Tourism
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Ohiienko Alona
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article considers the process of forming decisions aimed to ensure the quality and effectiveness of events, which should be considered as a system of interconnected elements (factors) that can affect the holding of mass events. Carrying out of actions taking into account the factor signs influencing processes of advancement, the organization and carrying out of event actions on system of economic, information and social indicators, allows to establish interdependencies and to define in quantitative expression separate relations and combinations of influential factors. Analytical methods and economic-mathematical models are used for factor analysis. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of event tourism events, by implementing the correct choice and variation of factors in the implementation of organizational processes. The methodological and informational basis of the article are scientific and theoretical works of scientists on research and analysis of expert evaluation methods. During the research we analyzed the methods of examination that can be used in assessing the processes of creating and promoting events. All these methods include: the method of expert evaluation “psychological experiment”, the method of survey, quantitative and qualitative evaluations of experts, direct quantitative evaluation, intermediate method, Churchman-Akoff method, von Neumann-Morgenstern method, lottery method and more. The study did not identify examples of the use of factor analysis in assessing the processes of creating and promoting events. In order to form decisions on the creation and implementation of tourist events, a roadmap of phased decision-making has been developed, and this allows to form the most effective solutions with rational use of resources and determine the conditions for reducing the risks of tourist events. Having studied the above methods, it was for the first time proposed to combine two, method namely, the method of expert assessments and the method of survey, all this will provide a complete detailed description of the factor influence on the creation and passage of the event.
Social and Economic Indicators of Ukraine’s Development
Authors:   Vinnitsa national agrarian university, Samborska Oksana
Published: April 2021

The current state of the economy with the deterioration of social results about transformational transformations due to the lack of a system for managing social dynamics in connection with the transition to innovative sources of socio-economic development, which in turn raises the issue of managing such changes. The economic development of the country concerns not only money, but also the increase of the general welfare of the population. The way to improve the better life and economic development of the country is possible taking into account the transformation processes, but achieving this involves solving a set of goals and objectives facing governments at all levels. Economic and social development of the regions of Ukraine today seeks to be better. The delimitation of regions is caused by the level of the average wage, as well as the total per capita income. The study of indicators of socio-economic development requires clear and precise actions on the part of the state and local self-government. The development of strategies for a certain period helps to improve the situation in the regions of Ukraine, but it is a temporary phenomenon that in some cases it is not a managed system. Today there is a problem of economic development, social protection of low-income groups and health care, people of retirement age and so on. All human and civil rights are equal and interrelated, and therefore they must be equally protected by the state. All human rights and civil rights must be protected by the state: man, his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security – the highest social value; free development of personality is determined by the Constitution of Ukraine. The study outlines the relationship and interdependence of local budget revenues from subsidies and subventions of the state budget, economic activity of the population, as well as the unemployment rate is an important indicator of the general state of the economy. Keywords: economics; wages; gross domestic product; budget.
Use of “Map-Schemes” of Connections of Economic Processes as One of the Options to Improve State Forecasting
Authors:   “Central Research Institute of the Armed Forces of Ukraine”, Abramova M. , Nosyriev O. ,   National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kharitonov K. ,   Financial and Economic Department “Command of the Communications and Cyber Security Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine”
Published: April 2021

Annotation. Introduction. Current trends of the rational use of financial resources also provoke the modernization of approaches and methods for state forecasting. The imperfection of the existing methods causes the significant differences between the planned data and the realities of life. Therefore, the improvement of existing methodological approaches is the key to more efficient use of state financial resources. Purpose. One of the elements of improving the methodological apparatus of state forecasting is to take into account the links and their strength between some economic processes, such as: the dynamics of state budget revenues and some macroeconomic indicators of the country. An appropriate “map-scheme” of existing stable and moderate links between them, developed on the basis of the analysis of the calculated data, may become a basis for the development of propositions for the improvement of existing methods of state forecasting. Results. The strength of the links between some economic processes of the state, namely: the dynamics of state budget revenues (the constituents of which, according to the legislation of Ukraine, include the following elements: tax revenues, non-tax revenues, official transfers from foreign governments, revenues from operations with capital, trust funds and official transfers from local budgets), as well as the following macroeconomic indicators: gross domestic product, inflation rate and gross external debt have been studied. The use of one-factor dependence equations made it possible to determine the degree of strength of connections (absent, moderate, stable connection) between the studied relations, as well as to calculate the dependence equations. The results can be used to improve the methodological and forecasting state apparatus. Conclusions. The “map-scheme”, developed on the basis of estimating the one-factor dependence equations, clearly provides an opportunity to explore the dynamics of modern stable and moderate relationships between the constituents of state budget revenues and macroeconomic indicators of the state. Accordingly, when submitting proposals for improving methodological approaches in the field of state forecasting, it is advisable to pay special attention to the impact of gross external debt and official transfers from foreign governments on gross domestic product, as well as the impact of tax and non-tax revenues, the changing dynamics of which may significantly change its volume. Keywords: state forecasting; macroeconomic indicators; state budget revenues; “map-scheme”; economic process.
The Influence of the Global Competitive Environment of the Knowledge Economy on the Sstrategic Development of Enterprises
Authors:   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, Akhnovska I. , Hladkova A. ,   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University
Published: April 2021

Annotation. The modern environment is constantly in a state of change, which encourages economic development and the formation of new paradigms Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the concept of the global competitive environment of the knowledge economy and to determine the main factors of its influence on the strategic development of the enterprise. Results. The article considers the approaches to the definition of “competitive environment”, offers its own definition of the competitive environment, considers the essence of global economic development processes that affect the dynamics of the competitive environment and for the first time offers an author’s interpretation of the global competitive environment of knowledge economy. The characteristic features of the knowledge economy at different levels of government are considered and it is determined that the world environment of the XXI century is due to the influence of knowledge and innovative entrepreneurship. Conclusions. Authors consider the knowledge economy as a stage of development of society and an important factor in ensuring the competitiveness of economic systems. According to the authors the global competitive environment of the knowledge economy is a system of elements, namely – business entities and their relationships, competitive conditions and factors of influence due to global integration processes based on the strategic development of business entities to ensure their competitiveness through the use of intellectual capital. The factors influencing the global competitive environment of the knowledge economy on the strategic development of the enterprise are identified, where the author’s approach is to aggregate factors and highlight the factor of “immediate environment”, which includes everything related to suppliers, customers and competitors. Keywords: competition; competitive environment; global; global competitive environment; knowledge economy.
Use of Letter of Credit Form of Settlements in Ukraine
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Burkovskaya A. , Pavlenko V. ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University
Published: April 2021

Annotation. Introduction. The current state of Ukraine’s development provides broad conditions for enterprises in world trade, so the question arises how to minimize the risks of trade operations. The presence of risks and an unstable external environment can lead to non-fulfillment of obligations by the parties to the contracts. Therefore, the study of the letter of credit system for services is relevant because it will be able to ensure minimal cost risk. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to study the letter of credit as one of the reliable mechanisms for payment of foreign trade operations, and its use in Ukraine. Results. The article examines and investigates the system of letter of credit and its use in Ukraine. The main regulations on the regulation of letter of credit calculations are considered. The main advantages of the letters of credit are defined. The main stages of letter of credit conclusion are systematized. The impact of scientific and technological progress on the simplification of letters of credit is considered. Systematized main types of letters of credit and their classification. Conclusions. Using a letter of credit as a method of payment for goods and services will minimize the risks of both the seller and the buyer. In turn, the reform of the National Bank of Ukraine will allow the letter of credit to gain popularity and possibly become the main means of payment for foreign trade agreements. Keywords: letter of credit; form of calculations; obligation of the parties; types of letters of credit; basic regulations.
Aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility of an Enterprise that Contribute to its Image Formation
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Voronko-Nevidnycha T. , Pomaz O. ,   Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Vasylieva Yu. ,   Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Kovalenko A. ,   Poltava State Agrarian Academy
Published: April 2021

Annotation. Introduction. It was found out that modern enterprises have to work in conditions of tough competition. High quality in the world of developed technologies and techniques has become the norm for consumers. Today, companies have to look for new ways to attract and retain customers. One of the ways out of this situation is for the company to create its image. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to develop theoretical aspects of the study about the impact of corporate social responsibility on the formation of the image of the enterprise. Results. It has been revealed that each company, enterprise or organization has its own vision of social responsibility. For some it is a charity, for others, it is timely payment of taxes and providing jobs, for the third – PR. It has been substantiated that the company’s socially responsible policy is manifested in internal (labor safety, stability and social significance of wages, additional medical and social insurance of employees, development of human resources, assistance to employees in critical situations) and external (sponsorship and charity, interaction with local society and authorities, environmental protection, production of quality goods (services), readiness to participate in crisis situations). It was considered that a positive image and a good reputation create prerequisites for a more attractive perception of an enterprise by investors, increase its capitalization, increase its income and provide strong positions when entering new markets, as well as support the general public. It has been proved that the prognostic effects of implementing a socially responsible policy of an enterprise will be the formation of a positive image, improvement of its reputation, establishment of permanent ties with stakeholders in the long term, etc. It has been determined that the image of an enterprise is the degree of consumer confidence in the enterprise itself, in its products (services), a source of growth in sales and, accordingly, development, expansion of functioning (maximization of profitability for owners of capital, increase in wages of employees) or termination of the existence of an organization. Conclusions. Undoubtedly, in order to be effective, the enterprise should use both internal and external corporate social responsibility programs in a comprehensive manner. Of course, this creates and maintains a positive image, which contributes to the growth of consumer confidence in the enterprise, the formation of necessary emotional ties with customers and society as a whole. Keywords: image; enterprise; corporate social responsibility; stakeholders; society.
Personnel Policy as Effective Tool for Security-Oriented Personnel Management of the Organization
Authors:   Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy, Kovalenko A. , Grynenko V. ,   Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy
Published: April 2021

Annotation. Introduction. In modern business conditions to increase the efficiency of human resources of the organization it is necessary to use a variety of tools. The basis of effective management of human resources of the organization is a system of personnel policy. With the rational use of available human resources, the time of implementation of the main strategy of the organization is significantly reduced. Purpose. The aim of the article is to determine personnel policy as effective tool for personnel management of the organization. Results. Personnel policy from the point of view of its formation is considered. The main problems of functioning and implementation of personnel policy of the organization are revealed. The role and place of personnel policy in the process of strategic personnel management are determined. The growth of the value of the employee, who acquires new forms of manifestation for the owner and head of the organization, is proved. The main content and goals of the personnel policy of the organization are substantiated, taking into account the strategy of its development, aimed at achieving not only economic but also social effect. Conclusions. Personnel policy plays a key role in building an effective management system for a security-oriented enterprise. An effective personnel policy should be implemented in stages, taking into account the risks and strategy of the organization. Given the growing value of the employee, it is necessary to build a progressively growing system of employee motivation, provided by personnel policy. Since the competitiveness of the enterprise depends on the tools of personnel policy, it is necessary to determine the operational and strategic goals of the organization as a whole, defining specific goals for each employee. Only if the right personnel policy is built, it is possible to build an effective management system for a security-oriented organization. Keywords: personnel policy, personnel management, enterprise strategy, management tools, human resources.
Personnel Security as an Integral Part of Economic Security at Agricultural Enterprises
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Kurepin V.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Introduction. The article examines the place of personnel security as a component of the system of economic security at enterprises. The main approaches to the formation of the personnel security system of the enterprise are considered. The role of personnel security in the strategic and operational management of the enterprise is clarified. The algorithm of creation of the personnel security system of the enterprise is outlined. The relationship between personnel security tasks and threats has been established. The main aspects of the personnel security system are identified and their impact on the economic security of the enterprise is analyzed. The scheme of interaction of personnel security of the subject of economic activity with external and internal environment is offered. The main directions of ensuring the personnel security of the enterprise are systematized, namely in the process of selection of candidates for positions, work with the labor collective. The measures that need to be taken to organize this security, taking into account the risks and threats associated with staff, their intellectual potential and employment. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to establish the place of personnel security in the system of economic security to reduce the level and number of threats that weaken the degree of security of the enterprise by staff. Results. We believe that the most difficult part of the security system of enterprises is the person, and it is the human factor that can have a critical impact on the success of the business and the very existence of the business object. Personnel security occupies a leading place in the structure of economic security. It can be defined as the process of preventing potential and real risks associated with personnel, as a set of actions and relationships of personnel, in which the effective economic functioning of the enterprise, its ability to withstand internal and external influences and threats associated with personnel. Conclusions. The category of “personnel security” of the enterprise, its components and areas of support are currently a very complex and insufficiently studied industry. The proposed classification categories do not claim to be complete. In particular, it is necessary to determine the weight of each such component for the economic security of the enterprise. No less interesting is the study of the relationship between the components of personnel security, between personnel and other types of economic security. Given the significant (and possibly decisive) impact of personnel security on the economic functioning of enterprises, it is advisable to continue research in this direction. Keywords: personnel security; stages of personnel security; staffing system; loyalty system.