bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of 2-Cyanothioacrylamides with Sodium Nitrite in Acidic Medium
Authors: Dahno P. G. , Zhilyaev D. M. , Dotsenko V. V. , Strelkov V. D. , Krapivin G. D. , Aksenov N. A. , Aksenova I. V. , Likhovid N. G.
Published: October 2022

(E)-3-Aryl-2-cyanoprop-2-entioamides, prepared by Knoevenagel condensation between aromatic aldehydes and cyanothioacetamide, react with sodium nitrite in acetic acid to form (2E,2′E)-2,2′-(1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis[3-arylacrylonitriles]. A possible mechanism and limitations of the reaction are discussed. Molecular docking was carried out in order to search for possible protein targets for the obtained 1,2,4-thiadiazoles. One of the compounds showed a pronounced antidote effect against the herbicide 2,4-D in a laboratory experiment on sunflower seedlings and under field conditions.
AFFORDABLE INNOVATION REJECTION ATTITUDES: CONCEPTUALISATION, SCALE DEVELOPMENT, AND VALIDATION
Authors: SCHAARSCHMIDT MARIO , WALSH GIANFRANCO , HIETSCHOLD NADINE , SEGELITZ-KARSTEN ARIANE
Published: October 2022

Affordable innovations, which serve consumers with a low willingness or ability to pay, are a means to address grand challenges while also generating economic value. However, less is known about how managers’ and decision makers’ individual-level preferences and attitudes for or against affordable innovation hinder their development. Hence, in addition to identifying and conceptualising the affordable innovation rejection (AIR) attitudes of decision makers as a major obstacle, this study proposes a scale to measure them. Specifically, with a series of qualitative and quantitative studies, this research develops and validates a parsimonious psychometric scale that can measure decision makers’ AIR attitudes. The resulting six-item scale is based on a tripartite AIR conceptualisation, which proves valid in terms of convergent, discriminant, experimental, nomological, predictive, and test–retest reliability. The proposed research agenda in turn details some possible applications of this scale.
An Optimization of Particle Size and Additives of Slip Cast Alumina Samples to Reduce Warpage and Porosity
Authors: Sivamaran V. , Kavimani V. , Bakkiyaraj M. , Rajendran C. , Sonar Tushar
Published: October 2022

Alumina body densification using slip casting was investigated with low warpage rates. In order to optimize slurry and sintering, 1600°C has been used. As a starting material, three types of alumina were used. Alumina has been used in conjunction with PMAA, and carboxymethyl cellulose in order to prepare the slurry. It was found that warpage rates were reduced when coarser particles were included in the composition. An acid treatment of the slurry was carried out in order to improve densification of the alumina body and to reduce warpage. This study examines the microstructure of a sintered alumina body. In the investigation, it was found that preparing a dense product reduced porosity and warping rate by 1.1% and 4%, respectively.
Novel In Vitro Study to Assess Microbial Barrier Properties of Polyurethane‐Based Tissue Adhesives in Comparison to the Gold Standard Dermabond®
Authors: Mirzaei Yalda , Hagemeister Kerstin , Tolba René H. , Steitz Julia
Published: October 2022

Tissue adhesives as a physical barrier to microorganism penetration provide an alternative method with many advantages for wound closure in surgical settings compared to the clinical standard. This raises the need of developing and conducting in vitro methods that are sensitive and reproducible to assess their microbial barrier properties. In this study, three different polyurethane‐based tissue adhesives with different physicochemical properties were evaluated in comparison to Dermabond® as a clinical gold standard for topical wound closure. Here, physicochemical properties varied in lactide concentration, viscosity, processing, and the full polymerization time. To evaluate the microbial barrier function, a 5 μl aliquot of E. coli Lux inoculum containing at least 1 × 109 CFU/ml was applied to the surface of each test adhesive and sterile filter paper as the control that was placed on an agar plate and incubated at 37°C. Plates were observed for bacterial growth (morphology), the adhesion of the adhesive/filter paper, and bioluminescence after 24, 48, and 72 hours. The data presented in this in vitro model indicated that polyurethane‐based tissue adhesives with lactide concentration ≥ 5% provided a suitable barrier against microbial penetration with 95% confidence of 99% efficacy for 72 h along with Dermabond®. Interestingly, the here described method was able to discriminate between the different physicochemical properties showing a better microbial barrier function with increasing lactide concentration of the adhesive. Overall, the results of this study showed the noninferiority between Dermabond® and the two abovementioned polyurethane‐based tissue adhesives.
Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell (hBMSCs)-Derived miR-29a-3p-Containing Exosomes Impede Laryngocarcinoma Cell Malignant Phenotypes by Inhibiting PTEN
Authors: Yu Tingting , Yu Hong , Xiao Dong , Cui Xiangyan
Published: October 2022

Although microRNA-29a-3p was reported to inhibit laryngocarcinoma progression, the potential mechanisms have not been explored clearly. Laryngocarcinoma tissues were collected for analyzing the levels of miR-29a-3p and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The miR mimics or inhibitor was transfected into laryngocarcinoma cell lines M4E and Hep2 for the investigation of the biological functions (proliferative, invasion, migratory rates, and apoptotic rates) of this miRNA. The exosomes (Exo) from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) after the transfection of miR mimics/inhibitor/si-PTEN were isolated and used to stimulate M4E and Hep2 cells. The in vivo mouse model was constructed to verify our findings. The miR-29a-3p level was decreased, and PTEN level was elevated in laryngocarcinoma tissues and the cancer cell lines. MiR mimics could inhibit proliferative, invasive migratory rates while promoting apoptotic rates of M4E and Hep2 cells. MiR-29a-3p was enriched in hBMSC-derived Exo, and the Exo from miR-29a-3p mimics transfected hBMSCs could inhibit laryngocarcinoma cell malignant phenotypes in vitro and prevent tumor progression in vivo. In addition, the direct binding relationship between miR-29a-3p and PTEN in this disease was determined. In conclusion, hBMSC-derived Exo with upregulated miR-29a-3p inhibited laryngocarcinoma progression via regulating PTEN, providing a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in this disease.
Biomechanical Comparison and Three‐Dimensional Analysis of Cement Distribution Patterns for Different Pedicle Screw Designs
Authors: Sung Sahyun , Kwon Ji-Won , Park Tae Hyun , Lee Soo-Bin , Moon Seong-Hwan , Lee Byung Ho
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study to explore strategies for reducing cement leakage during cement‐augmented pedicle screw fixation, we compared the cement distribution patterns and biomechanical strengths of different types of cement‐augmented fenestrated screws and traditional cement‐augmented techniques. We compared five screw groups in this study: (1) Cannulated screws (Cann); (2) distal one‐hole screws (D1); (3) distal two‐hole screws (D2); (4) middle two‐hole screws (M2); and (5) traditional screws with a traditional cement injection technique (Trad). The screws were inserted into cancellous bone blocks using a controlled, adequate cement injection pressure (1.6–2.0 kg), and an appropriate cement viscosity. Center to screw tip distance, three‐dimensional distribution, and pull‐out strength for cement were compared between groups. The average distance between the cement center and the screw tip was highest in the M2 group, suggesting a higher risk of cement leakage into the spinal canal. The Trad group had the highest migration distance in the z‐axis, also reflecting a higher risk of leakage into the spinal canal. The D1 group had the highest pull‐out strength (253 ± 48.82 N and 797 ± 58.31 N) in bone blocks representing different degrees of osteoporosis, and the D2 group had the second highest pull‐out strength in the severe osteoporosis model. Overall, D1 screws appeared to be the best option for optimizing biomechanical function and minimizing the risk of cement leakage into the spinal canal in patients with osteoporotic bone undergoing spinal surgery.
Performance of Biocomposite Materials Reinforced by Hydroxyapatite and Seashell Nanoparticles for Bone Replacement
Authors: Hadi Ahmed Namah , Mohammed Mohammed Razzaq
Published: October 2022

Bone defects and disorders include trauma, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, bone tumours, arthritis rheumatoid, osteosarcoma, and iatrogenic injury. Obtaining a composite material with characteristics that mimic what bones in the human body have is a vital target for the purpose of replacing or repairing damaged bones. The key objective of this study was to develop a composite having mechanical and biological properties that resemble to a large extent native bone features. Highly biocompatible epoxy resin was reinforced by various weight fractions of seashell nanoparticles. The morphologies of the pristine bioepoxy, seashell-bioepoxy, and hydroxyapatite-bioepoxy composites were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the mechanical properties were examined by the means of tension and Izod impact tests. Besides, the influence of seashell and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the bioepoxy chemical structure and thermal properties was also evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry technique, respectively. The tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and impact strength of the seashell nanoparticle-reinforced bioepoxy were revealed to be higher than those of the unmodified bioepoxy and were significantly depended on the filler content. When the mass fraction of the reinforcement was 7 wt%, the improvement in the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and impact strength was around 46.7%, 37%, and 57%, respectively, compared to that of blank bioepoxy. In addition, these properties were higher for the composites loaded with seashell nanoparticles than those filled with commercially available hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. An enhancement in glass transition temperature for the bioepoxy after modification with both of these nanofillers was also achieved. All these features make these kinds of composites a promising option that could be used in the orthopaedic field. Furthermore, the use of seashell nanoparticles may reduce the cost of the resulted composite and alleviate the negative consequences of large quantity by-product waste seashells on the environment.
Ischemic Stroke Secondary to a Stab Wound to the Neck in a Young Adult
Authors: Zuluaga-Gómez Mateo , Giraldo-Campillo Daniela , González-Arroyave Daniel , Ardila Carlos M.
Published: October 2022

Vertebral artery dissection is a common cause of stroke in young adults without predisposing risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. We describe the case of a 28-year-old patient who presented with an ischemic stroke secondary to a stab wound to the neck that affected the vertebral artery. A physical examination revealed neurological deterioration (Glasgow 8/15), a sutured neck wound, no palpable hematoma, no thrills, and no active bleeding. A computed tomography angiography revealed a left vertebral artery arteriovenous fistula with a component of a pseudoaneurysm, for which a neurointerventional consultation was carried out. Due to neurological compromise, the airway was secured, and because the case involved a posterior fossa infarction with compression of the fourth ventricle and obstructive secondary hydrocephalus, an external ventricular shunt was inserted by neurosurgery. A fistula occlusion was performed with five Axium coils and a vial of Squid 12; the vertebral artery was catheterized, and a craniotomy was performed to manage hydrocephalus with a 12-mm H2O collecting system. The patient was discharged on the tenth day after admission with sequelae of left hemiparesis (predominantly brachial) and no other deficits. There was no hemorrhagic transformation on the control computed tomography scans and no further complications.
Physiological Responses and Tolerance of Halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum L. to Cesium
Authors: Nikalje Ganesh C. , Shrivastava Manoj , Nikam T. D. , Suprasanna Penna
Published: October 2022

Cesium (Cs) is a soil contaminant and toxic to the ecosystem, especially the plant species. In this study, we have assessed the potential of a halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum for its Cs tolerance and accumulation. Thirty days old S. portulacastrum plants were subjected to different concentrations of Cs (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 150 mg·L−1 Cs) using cesium chloride. The biomass and photosynthetic pigments were not affected up to 25 mg·L−1 Cs treatment while a significant decline in pigment levels was observed at higher concentrations. The Cs treatments increased protein content at low concentrations while higher concentrations were inhibitory. Under Cs exposure, significant induction of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed. The antioxidant enzyme activities were upregulated up to 50 mg·L−1 Cs but decreased significantly at 150 mg·L−1. The accumulation of Cs was dose and tissue-dependent as evidenced by a higher accumulation of Cs in leaves (536.10 μg·g−1) as compared to stem (413.74 μg·g−1) and roots (284.69 μg·g−1). The results suggest that S. portulacastrum is a hyper-accumulator of Cs and could be useful for the phytoremediation of Cs-contaminated soils.
Detection and Management of Tethered Cord in Anorectal Malformation: A Survey of Pediatric Neurosurgeons in the United States
Authors: Smith Caitlin A. , Nicassio Lauren N. , Rice-Townsend Samuel E. , Avansino Jeffrey R. , Hauptman Jason
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The reported prevalence of tethered spinal cord in patients with anorectal malformations (ARMs) ranges from 9% to 64%. Practice patterns surrounding the diagnosis and management of tethered cord (TC) are suspected to vary, with consideration to the type of spine imaging, adjunct imaging modalities, what patients are offered surgical intervention, and how patients are followed after detethering. We sought to determine what consensus, if any, exists among pediatric neurosurgeons in the USA in terms of diagnosis and management of TC and, specifically, patients with TC and ARM. Methods: A survey was sent to members of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons (ASPN). Members of the ASPN received an email with a link to an anonymous REDCap survey that asked about their experience with detethering procedures, indications for surgery, diagnostic tools used, and follow-up protocols. Results: The survey was completed by 93 of the 192 ASPN members (48%). When respondents were asked about the total number of all simple filum detetherings they performed annually, 61% (N = 57) indicated they perform less than 10 for all TC patients. Ninety-three percent (N = 87) of neurosurgeons performed these procedures in patients with simple filum TC and ARM patients (TC + ARM) specifically. When asked about prophylactic detethering in those with a confirmed diagnosis of low-lying conus and with a filum fatty terminale, 59.1% (N = 55) indicated they would offer this to TC + ARM patients regardless of their age. Regarding preoperative workup for simple filum detethering, all respondents indicated they would order an MRI in both TC and TC + ARM patients, with a minority also requiring additional testing such as urodynamics, neurodevelopmental assessments, and anorectal manometry for both groups. When following patients postoperatively, almost all respondents indicated they would require clinical neurosurgical follow-up with a clinic visit (100% in all simple filum TC patients, 98.9% in fatty filum/low-lying conus TC + ARM patients), but there was wide variation in the use of other tools such as urological testing, neurodevelopmental assessment, and anorectal manometry. Discussion/Conclusions: A wide variety of diagnostic criteria and indication for procedural intervention exists for management of TC patients with and without ARM. Further studies are needed to determine outcomes. Prospective protocols need to be developed and evaluated to standardize care for this patient population and determine best practices.
Impact of Different Training Modalities on Molecular Alterations in Skeletal Muscle of Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Substudy of the OptimEx Trial
Authors: Winzer Ephraim B. , Augstein Antje , Schauer Antje , Mueller Stephan , Fischer-Schaepmann Tina , Goto Keita , Hommel Jennifer , van Craenenbroeck Emeline M. , Wisløff Ulrik , Pieske Burkert , Halle Martin , Linke Axel , Adams Volker
Published: October 2022

Background:

Exercise intolerance is a cardinal feature of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and so far exercise training (ET) is the most effective treatment. Since the improvement in exercise capacity is only weakly associated with changes in diastolic function other mechanisms, like changes in the skeletal muscle, contribute to improvement in peak oxygen consumption. The aim of the present study was to analyze molecular changes in skeletal muscle of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction performing different ET modalities.

Methods:

Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken at study begin and after 3 and 12 months from patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction randomized either into a control group (guideline based advice for ET), a high-intensity interval training group (HIIT) or a moderate continuous training group. The first 3 months of ET were supervised in-hospital followed by 9 months home-based ET. Protein and mRNA expression of atrophy-related proteins, enzyme activities of enzymes linked to energy metabolism and satellite cells (SCs) were quantified.

Results:

Exercise capacity improved 3 months after moderate continuous exercise training and HIIT. This beneficial effect was lost after 12 months. HIIT mainly improved markers of energy metabolism and the amount and function of SC, with minor changes in markers for muscle atrophy. Only slight changes were observed after moderate continuous exercise training. The molecular changes were no longer detectable after 12 months.

Conclusions:

Despite similar improvements in exercise capacity by HIIT and moderate continuous exercise training after 3 months, only HIIT altered proteins related to energy metabolism and amount/function of SC. These effects were lost after switching from in-hospital to at-home-based ET.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02078947.
Preprocedural Multimodality Imaging in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Quintana Raymundo A. , Dong Tiffany , Vajapey Ramya , Reyaldeen Reza , Kwon Deborah H. , Harb Serge , Wang Tom Kai Ming , Klein Allan L.
Published: October 2022

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with increased risk of heart failure, stroke, and death. In current medical practice, multimodality imaging is routinely used in the management of AF. Twenty-one years ago, the ACUTE trial (Assessment of Cardioversion Using Transesophageal Echocardiography) results were published, and the management of AF changed forever by incorporating transesophageal echocardiography guided cardioversion of patients in AF for the first time. Current applications of multimodality imaging in AF in 2022 include the use of transesophageal echocardiography and computed tomography before cardioversion to exclude left atrial thrombus and in left atrial appendage occlusion device implantation. Transesophageal echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance are clinically used for AF ablation planning. The decision to use a particular imaging modality in AF is based on patient’s characteristics, guideline recommendation, institutional preferences, expertise, and cost. In this first of 2-part review series, we discuss the preprocedural role of echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance in the AF, with regard to their clinical applications, relevant outcomes data and unmet needs, and highlights future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
Animal Welfare Issues Associated with Rearing Dairy Calves in Nepalese Context
Authors: Sah Nirvay , Kafle Krishna , Paudyal Sushil , Wasti Sanjeev , Sah Ganga K.
Published: October 2022

In Nepal, a predominantly Hindu country, most communities consider the cow as a sacred animal leading to their special place in society. However, male calves are neglected because of their limited utility in the context of religiously restricted beef consumption. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the dairy farmers of the Chitwan district in the central region of Nepal to understand the rearing practices of dairy calves and the associated animal welfare concerns. A majority of the producers (70%) that participated in the survey reared female calves to be replacement dairy animals, hence providing better care and management on the farm. Male calves, however, were vulnerable to indiscriminate removal following non-humane methods; 20% of calves starved by feed withdrawal, and 20% of calves chased away from the farm to live as stray animals. Therefore, the religious, sentimental, economic, and ethical analysis of the welfare situation needs to be assessed in a broader context and a sustainable policy needs to be implemented to change the overall attitude of the farmers towards male dairy calves.
Moeder Gods, De Voedster Van Ons Leven
Authors: De Waele F. J.
Published: October 2022

Une icône grecque de „la Nourrice de notre vie”.

Lʼauteur tâche de situer une icône grecque de la Sainte Vierge, allaitant lʼenfant Jésus, du type bien connu de la „galaktotrophousa”. La valeur de lʼexpression artistique est rehaussée par lʼinscription inconnue ailleurs: celle qui nourrit notre vie.

Lʼicône, acquise à Athènes avec lʼautorisation du Ministère des Cultes (prot. no. 105 190/3465, 1951) a peut-ètre orné une église en Anatolie avant le désastre de 1922 avant dʼavoir été emportée par un réfugié dʼAsie Mineure. De ce petit chef dʼoeuvre on peut rapprocher le poème sublime du poète grec moderne Lampros Porphyras, intitulé Les églises solitaires et qui chante avec attendrissement une de ces icônes de la Vierge, symbole de la vieille mère qui attend les siens.
Mariaʼs onbevlekte Ontvangenis in de Griekse Traditie
Authors: Sibum A.A. P.L.
Published: October 2022

Lʼauteur esquisse à grands traits lʼévolution de la doctrine de lʼimmaculée conception dans la tradition grecque et cherche à fixer les caractères propres de cette tradition, par comparaison avec la tradition latine.

I Avant le concile dʼEphèse (431). Nous ne trouvons guère que des indices: principes féconds dont on eût pu déduire, mais dont il ne semble pas quʼon ait déduit lʼinsigne privilège de Marie.

II Depuis 431 jusquʼ à 850 environ. Lʼinfluence du concile dʼEphèse sur lʼévolution ultérieure de la doctrine est réelle, encore quʼelle ne se révèle pleinement quʼà partir du septième siècle. Dans le monde latin, les luttes engagées autour du pélagianisme ont entravé beaucoup le développement de la doctrine, et elles expliquent pourquoi les docteurs latins conçoivent lʼimmaculée conception surtout comme préservation du péché originel, par application anticipée de la passion du Sauveur. Par contre, cʼest en scrutant les exigences morales de la maternité divine, proclamée à Ephèse, que les docteurs grecs en sont arrivés — et assez rapidement une fois la question posée — à postuler pour la Théotocos une conception sans tache. Aussi la conçoivent ils de préférence comme sainteté dès lʼorigine, comme participation unique à la sainteté de Jésus. Que leur conception, sur ce point, fût plus ou moins inconsciente, cela nʼest guère probable, vu la manière dont ils envisagent, par rapport à la Vierge, certaines conséquences du péché originel, telles la mort et la concupiscence.
Een leven in dienst van de eenheidsgedachte: Mgr. Georgios Chala vazis (1881-1957)
Authors: De Waele F. J.
Published: October 2022

Une vie au service de l’idee du rapprochement et de l’union des Eglises: mgr George Chalavazis (1881–1957).

Ayant eu le privilège pendant trente ans de connaître de pres la vie et l’oeuvre de mgr George Chalavazis, exarque des catholiques de rite Byzantin en Grèce, l’auteur tâche d’esquisser une image de cette activité prodigieuse au service de Dieu, de la religion et de la patrie. II s’honore de pouvoir rendre un hommage ému à l’auguste défunt qui après une vie saccrdotale exemplaire de plus d’un demi-siècle et une administration épiscopale de 37 ans, est décédé la veille de la fête des Taxiarques, le 7 novembre 1957. Ce grand fils des îles grecques a été la personne providentielle qui a jeté les bases d’une rénovation et d’une révalorisation des trésors de la Grèce chrétienne clans le noble aspect de sa sainte liturgie. Après un court séjour à Constantinople, il a pu rendre les plus grands services à sa patrie, qui était alors dans la plus grande détresse par suite de la catastrophe de 1922 et de l’expulsion des chrétiens anatoliens vers la mère-patrie. Entre les deux guerres mondiales il a établi à Athènes l’exarchat de rite byzantin qui, tout en professant le respect pour les frères chrétiens orthodoxes et en repoussant toute tentative de prosélytisme, a approfondi les sens religieux des meilleures traditions helléniques. L’activite surprenante durant la deuxième guerre mondiale était imprégnée d’un grand patriotisme et d’un sens profond de charité chrétienne. Dans le domaine de l’organisation catholique, la vie de l’illustre défunt marque une période de renaissance catholique en Grèce au profit de la religion et de la nation. Le grand hôpital de la Bienheureuse Mère de Dieu (Pammakaristos) n’a pas cessé de prodiguer ses bienfaits à la population si durement éprouvée par la guerre récente. Trois foyers de jeunes filles constituent un bienfait journalier pour des milliers de jeunes personnes. Les colonies de vacances accueillent les orphelins et les sinistrés, comme la grande centrale athénienne avait déjà commencé par les soins paternels aux enfants victimes du siècle troublé. Le foyer des étudiants universitaires constitue un abri et un refuge pour des centaines de jeunes intellectuels. La vie de mgr George Chalavazis a été marquée par un sens profond d’amour chrétien, a été imprégnée d’un désir ardent de travailler ensemble avec les chretiens orthodoxes à la gloire de la patrie commune, a été enfiévrée du voeu ardent du Sauveur vers le rapprochement et l’union religieuse dans le pays qui à juste titre se considère comme le berceau du christianisme européen.
Christus, Het Licht der Wereld, Gezien in de Byzantijnse Liturgie
Authors: Costanza O.S.S.J. M.
Published: October 2022

Tous les jours l’Eglise byzantine chante le Christ Lumière du monde pendant toutes les heures de son Office divin et ses Liturgies. Même l’orientation de ses sanctuaires exprime le désir vers le Soleil de Justice. Ses Offices, le plus souvent chantés à l’aurore ou après le coucher du soleil, dramatisent la rencontre de la lumière et des ténèbres: ceux qui sont dans les ténèbres aspirent à la lumière et la Lumière inaccessible se fait accessible à ceux qui veillent.

Tous les Offices concernant les manifestations du Seigneur, c. à d. la Noël, l’Epiphanie, la Rencontre de Notre Seigneur forment une action de grâce à l’égard de la Lumière qui vient sanctifier, illuminer et même diviniser chaque homme venant au monde.

Quelques fêtes célèbrent d’une façon spéciale le Christ Lumière du monde: la fête de Pâques et surtout la Transfiguration.

Celles des Saints prouvent que ce n’est pas en vain que Notre Seigneur a illuminé le monde. Dans les textes liturgiques la Sainte Vierge est appelée Mère de la Lumière, les Saints y sont souvent nommés le reflet de la Lumière inaccessible, — et ainsi on les voit sur les icônes tout lumineux, - ils ont comme tâche de remplir toute la terre de cette lumière, tâche non seulement des Saints, mais de tout homme qui par le baptême et la confirmation est initié et „illuminé” . Ainsi il devient un rayon vivant du Soleil de Justice comme l’expriment les prières qui accompagnent le rituel de ces sacrements.

Les textes liturgiques montrent à ceux qui les étudient, que l’Eglise byzantine vit de cette Lumière divine tout en la chantant et en la transmettant.
De Oosterse Kerken te New-Delhi
Authors: van Montfoort A.A. E.
Published: October 2022

Les églises orientales à New Delhi. Depuis le vote du 19-11-1961 presque toutes les èglises orientales sont membres du Conseil Oecuménique des Eglises. L’article donne les principaux faits et gestes de la troisième Assemblée relatifs à ces églises, ainsi que la traduction en néerlandais de quelques documents, à savoir: de la lettre de candidature de l’Eglise orthodoxe russe, de la lettre de S.S . Athenagoras et de S.B. le patriarche de Moscou, de la déclaration de l’Eglise éthiopienne et du document que toutes les églises orientales ont adressé à la section, traitant de l’unité de l’Eglise.

Les événements de New Delhi seront d’une grande importance pour l’avenir du mouvement oecuménique. Si, d’une part, la participation des églises orientales est nécessaire, on se demande de l’autre côté si, à cause de leur situation spéciale, les églises orientales des pays communistes seront à même de collaborer d’une manière efficace à la réalisation de l’unité chrétienne.
Isidoros Vankijew, Baanbreker van de Hereniging
Authors: Jacobs S.J. Hubert
Published: October 2022

ISIDORE DE KIEV. A l’occasion du 500-me anniversaire de sa mort: 1463-27 avril-1963.

Vers 1385 Isidore de Kiev naquit e n Morée (Grèce). Il fit ses études à Constantinople où, quelque temps après, il fut nommé supérieur du couvent de S. Démétrios. Il participa au grand mouvement d’union qui caractérisait cette époque. Nommé métropolite de Kiev il représente son Eglise au concile de Ferrare-Florence et après de multiples discussions avec Marc Eugène il y signe le décret de l’union au nom du patriarcat d’Antioche et de la métropole de Kiev et de toute la Russie. Peu après le pape le nomma cardinal de la Ste Eglise Romaine. A Moscou le Grand-duc Wassilij II s’opposait fortement à la proclamation de l’union considérée comme une trahison à l’egard de l’Eglise russe. Après un séjour en prison Isidore parvint à s’enfuir à Rome. A deux reprises le pape l’envoyait à Constantinople pour y proclamer l’union de Florence, mais en vain. Ce n’est que sous Ia pression du danger imminent turc qu’en 1452 Isidore put proclamer solennellement le florentinum. Il assiste à la prise de la ville par les Turcs et faillit y laisser la vie. Il passait ses dernières années à Rome où il mourut en 1463.

Le trait caractéristique de cette vie mouvementée fut incontestablement l’amour de l’unité et un sens oecuménique peu commun à cette époque.
An Updated Checklist of Free-living Marine Nematodes from Coastal India
Authors: DATTA RITIKA , MAITY PALLAB , BHADURY PUNYASLOKE , RIZVI ANJUM N. , RAGHUNATHAN C.
Published: October 2022

The present study provides an updated species list of free-living marine nematodes reported from coastal India (Coasts and Islands) based on the thorough consultation of literature published from 1956 to 2022. This exercise resulted in a total of 617 valid species belonging to 266 genera, 48 families, 21 superfamilies and 9 orders. Class Chromadorea comprises 487 species represented by 205 genera, while class Enoplea includes 130 species belonging to 61 genera. The most common family was Xyalidae, with 76 species and the least common families having a single species each were represented by Aegialoalaimidae, Rhadinematidae, Aphanolaimidae, Rhabditidae, Pandolaimidae and Rhabdodemaniidae. The checklist provides a robust framework for the distribution and biogeography of free-living marine nematodes from the Indian waters and could be used to relate with marine ecosystems of other countries.
Morphological and taxonomic reexamination on a crocodile newt recently described from Japan (Urodela, Salamandridae, Echinotriton)
Authors: NISHIKAWA KANTO , MATSUI MASAFUMI , TOMINAGA ATSUSHI
Published: October 2022

A crocodile newt, Echinotriton raffaellii, recently described from the Amami islands in the Ryukyu archipelago, western Japan has been regarded as Amami lineage of E. andersoni from the Okinawa islands, to which it is morphologically very similar, but genetically divergent. In the original description of E. raffaellii, only two specimens, including one born in captivity, were examined and only limited morphological comparisons with E. andersoni were made. Here we examined the morphological characteristics of E. raffaellii with an ample set of specimens, compared them with those of E. andersoni, and clarified their independent specific statuses.
New species, synonymy, and new record in Neotropical Acanthocinini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)
Authors: MONNÉ MIGUEL A. , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: October 2022

Three new species and one new genus of Bolivian Acanthocinini are described: Lepturges (Lepturges) auratus sp. nov.; Leptostylus dentatus sp. nov.; and Spiritusellus personatus, gen. nov. et sp. nov. Notes on the differences between Leptostylus batesi Casey, 1913, and L. hilaris Bates, 1872 are provided in the remarks of L. dentatus sp. nov. A new country record (Bolivia) is reported for Nealcidion latipenne (Bates, 1863) and Nyssodrysternum lanceolatum Monné & Tavakilian, 2011 is synonymized with Atrypanius infimus (Bates, 1885).
Late Devonian-early Carboniferous bryozoans from Zhankurgan (Greater Karatau, Kazakhstan)—taxonomy and palaeobiogeographical implications
Authors: TOLOKONNIKOVA ZOYA A. , FEDOROV PETR V.
Published: October 2022

Three bryozoan species Anomalotoechus sp., Pseudobatostomella sp. and Cyphotrypa sp. are described from the upper part of the Ermaksy Formation (lower-middle Famennian) of the Zhankurgan outcrop (Greater Karatau). These descriptions are important, because it is the first finding of upper Devonian bryozoans in Southern Kazakhstan. Five more species including one new Primorella zhankurganica sp. n. were found in limestones of the lower part of Orgalysay Formation (Upper Tournaisian) in the same outcrop. The hitherto known bryozoans from the Tournaisian of Greater Karatau constitute the most important bryozoan fauna from the carbonate platform, located on southwestern passive margin of the Kazakhstan palaeocontinent. The studied fauna reveals connections between different areas of Palaeotethys and Palaeoasian oceans in late Devonian-early Carboniferous.
Stellar movements and working hypotheses: A.S. Eddington’s early astronomical career
Authors: Smith Robert W.
Published: October 2022

Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882–1944) was one of the leading astrophysicists of the first half of the 20th century. He is remembered today chiefly for his research into stellar structure and general relativity, both of which he began to explore in the mid-1910s. He was also a key participant in the famous eclipse expeditions of 1919 that tested Einstein’s theory of gravity. Rather than consider these topics, in this paper I will instead examine Eddington’s early astronomical career, that is, from 1906 to about 1915. In this period, he became a well-trained practical astronomer. Eddington also established himself as a brilliant theoretical astronomer, and in so doing helped to create the role of theoretical astrophysicist through his research into star streaming. He was also, unusually for astronomers of this period, an enthusiastic advocate of the use of “working hypotheses” as crucial tools in astronomical practice. The study of Eddington’s early career therefore has much to tell us about the nature of astronomy in the years around 1910 and about Eddington. The paper underlines, for example, the continuing relevance of the “Greenwich-Cambridge Axis” for the power structure of British astronomy, and the importance of the so-called Sidereal Problem for astronomers at this time even though today it is largely forgotten.
Instrumentation and observations at the astronomical observatory in Hurbanovo in 1871–1918
Authors: Šišulák Stanislav , Pastorek Ladislav
Published: October 2022

The period of the last third of 19th century was beneficial to a boom of observatories run by amateur astronomers. One of them was built in Hurbanovo. It is well known that place names have changed throughout history; sometimes more than one was used at the same time, and it often depended on the language in which the historical documents were written. These peculiarities can easily confuse the modern reader. For the sake of clarity, we have decided to use modern official geographical names. Even in Anglophone historiographical literature, modern names are usually used in the first place instead of historical ones. All other historical forms of place names are mentioned in parentheses when they first appear (first in Hungarian, then in German). Several names or variations of those names may be discovered in historical records pertaining to Hurbanovo, e.g.: Stará Ďala (in Slovak), Ó-Gyalla, O Gyalla, Ógyalla, Ogyalla, Ó Gyalla, Ó Gyala, Ó-Gyala, Ó Gyála (in Hungarian), Altdala (in German). The town was named Hurbanovo in 1948. (Slovakia) in 1871 by a local nobleman Nicolaus de Konkoly. The paper is divided into two main parts. The first part is focused on the development of instrumentation and domes of the observatory. The second one is focused on various kinds of astronomical and astrophysical observations performed by the observatory staff from the beginning of the observatory until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918.
Peace scholarship and the local turn: Hierarchies in the production of knowledge about peace
Authors: Johnson Anna K , Lechartre Joséphine , Mart Şehrazat G , Robison Mark D , Hughes Caroline
Published: October 2022

The ‘local turn’ in peacebuilding has focused attention on the importance of cultural resources available for peacemaking in ‘local’ conflict-affected contexts, and particularly in non-Western countries. Growing attention is now also paid to establishing whether the academic field of peace studies itself is inclusive of non-Western voices and perspectives. This article presents a new dataset of 4,318 journal articles on peace indexed in Web of Science between 2015 and 2018 to discover asymmetric patterns of publication and scholarly gatekeeping between higher-income and lower-income countries. Analysis of the data collected suggests that 15 years after the ‘local turn,’ higher-income countries continue to dominate the field across the domains of publishing institutions; scholarship about non-high-income countries; the conduct and focus of research collaborations; claims to theorization; and the discourse of the field. However, positive change is being driven by a proliferation of scholarship in upper-middle-income countries, characterized by intranational collaborations between scholars writing about their own countries in their own national journals.
Made, Not Begotten: IVF and the Right to Life Under Conditions
Authors: Kummer Susanne
Published: October 2022

In a society in which the decoupling of sexuality and human reproduction has become normal, In vitro fertilization (IVF) has mutated into a kind of standard procedure. There is little awareness of the ethical ruptures that the mechanization of human reproduction causes. The basic ethical problem with extracorporeal fertilization in a test tube is that a child is not conceived through the personal union of a man and a woman, but is “produced” in a laboratory. In the context of human creation, this entails a series of ethical problems. The technique does not merely offer another possible option for action, but it leads to a fundamental change in the attitude towards human life as such. A look at the history of assisted reproductive technology (ART) since the 1970s reveals that ethical problems, eugenic visions as well as medical experiments on humans have been inherent to the method from the very beginning. Considering that eugenic thinking has been a driving force from the very beginning it astonishes that this delicate point has hardly been recognized and highlighted so far. Robert Edwards' (1925–2013) vision went far beyond the mere treatment of infertility through the use of IVF, which he saw as enabling the selection of so-called “unhealthy life.” The article considers the risks of IVF and includes recent studies by physicians involved in reproductive medicine who are increasingly critical of their industry. Furthermore it emphasizes the core ethical question on human reproductive technology, contrasting the “ethics of procreation” with the “ethics of production.”

The article highlights historical aspects, considers the risks as well as the ethical questions on assisted reproductive technology.
Racism, climate activism, and the politics of apology: the image exclusion of Black youth activists
Authors: Barnes Brendon R.
Published: October 2022

Global heating is associated with historical and contemporary climate racism. Apologies for (climate) racism have the potential to facilitate meaningful discussions about a way forward. However, apologies are complex and can reveal assumptions about privilege. There has been very little work on understanding apologies concerning climate racism. I focus on the apologies received by three Black women activists who (separately) had their images excluded from reporting about their climate activism. The activists alleged that the acts were racist at the individual and systemic levels. I analysed the apologies, online responses, and actions to repair the damage using thematic analysis. I argue that the apologies were not meaningful. Apologies also reveal how privilege operates, including controlling the narrative, drawing on unconscious racism, silence, and ignoring victim reparations. I discuss the importance of apology expectations for climate change from countries in the global North towards the global South. I also discuss the implications for future psychological studies on climate racism.
Public Perceptions of Risks and Benefits of Gene-edited Food Crops: An International Comparative Study between the US, Japan, and Germany
Authors: Kato-Nitta Naoko , Tachikawa Masashi , Inagaki Yusuke , Maeda Tadahiko
Published: October 2022

This study statistically explored public perceptions of the risks and benefits of the agricultural application of gene editing to food crops using online surveys in the US ( n = 2,050), Japan ( n = 1,842), and Germany ( n = 1,962). US participants exhibited the most positive attitudes toward this emerging technology. Japanese participants demonstrated similar attitudes to German participants regarding risk perceptions and demonstrated closer attitudes to US participants regarding benefit perceptions. Further, US participants did not highly differentiate between gene-edited and conventionally bred foods when compared to German and Japanese participants. Presentation of information using either animal or plant illustrations did not have any impact on risk perceptions toward gene-edited crops in the three countries, but the German and Japanese people who were given information with plant illustrations showed higher perceptions of benefit than those who were given the same information but with animal illustrations. The study results empirically indicate that despite receiving the same information under the same experimental conditions, perceptions can vary among countries. Our survey and provision of contrasting information illustrations, as well as including participants from an Asian country—Japan—in addition to Americans and Germans broadens the framework of civic epistemology.
Employment and accumulation of capital around the world: An econometric analysis
Authors: Duque Garcia Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2022

In Marx’s economic theory, the level of employment is fundamentally determined by capital accumulation. Nevertheless, that determination is contradictory since, on the one hand, the employment level expands with the capital stock while, on the other hand, it tends to contract with technical change and the growing productivity of labour. This article seeks to estimate this contradictory effect employing two complementary econometric methods: first, cross-sectional regression analysis for more than 100 countries in the years 2014, 2004, 1994 and 1984; second, time-series analysis for the United States, France, Japan, Turkey and Mexico from 1964 to 2014. Our empirical results are in line with Marx’s theoretical framework: the level of employment grows with the expansion of fixed capital stock and reduces with increases in the productivity of labour.
Social connections, CEO turnover and corporate policy change
Authors: Dharmasiri Prabashi
Published: October 2022

We examine how social connections between successive CEOs influence policy changes enacted by incoming CEOs. Using forced turnovers, we document fewer policy changes when incoming CEOs are connected to outgoing CEOs. Our results remain consistent when exposed to tests assessing endogeneity concerns such as omitted variables, selection biases and homophily concerns. We find that the reduction in policy changes is more prominent when social ties are stronger due to greater association between the individuals. Analyses further reveal that such limited policy changes enacted by connected incoming CEOs could deteriorate firm performance, highlighting the potential importance of the findings in the CEO selection process.

JEL Classification: D91, J63, M12
Socio-spatialities and affective atmospheres of COVID-19: A visual essay
Authors: Lupton Deborah
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 crisis has generated an intensity of feeling globally, as people’s everyday spatial and embodied practices have been continually disrupted and fraught with anxiety and uncertainty. In this visual essay, I present and engage with smartphone photographs of public spaces in the Australian cities of Canberra and Sydney that I have accumulated as a ‘COVID Life’ archive. The photographs record my everyday experiences in and through spaces I inhabited and through which I moved. I have selected some of the images and provide a reflective analysis that draws on the concept of affective atmospheres to consider the sociomaterialities and spatialities evident in the images. I describe how the assemblages of people, things, place and space featured in these images generated a range of thoughts and feelings: both in the moment of capturing the images and in reviewing them at a later time as part of an archive of COVID memorialisation.
Ideological sorting
Authors: Baron David P.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a model in which people sort between two districts based on economic and ideological preferences. People are either ideologues who prefer redistribution over a public good or non-ideologues who prefer a public good that benefits everyone equally. Individuals differ in their productivity with the distribution of productivities the same for both ideologues and non-ideologues. Ideologues back their ideology by working harder when there is redistribution even when not recipients, and non-ideologues work harder when the public good is provided. The tax rate in each district is chosen by majority rule with the median voter theorem identifying the winner. In the focal equilibrium, high productivity ideologues and non-ideologues locate together in a low tax district, and low productivity non-ideologues and ideologues locate together in a high tax district to benefit from redistribution. Middle-income individuals separate with non-ideologues locating in the low tax district and ideologues locating in the high tax district. Ideology thus results in a polarization interval in the middle of the income distribution. If ideology leads to partisanship and a strong party government that chooses the tax rate based on the party median, partisanship widens the polarization interval.