bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of chemical composition in the manufacturing process of flotation balls based on intelligent soft sensing
Authors: Ducic Nedeljko , Cojbasic Zarko , Slavkovic Radomir , Jordovic Branka , Purenovic Jelena
Published: November 2015

This paper presents an application of computational intelligence in modeling
and optimization of parameters of two related production processes - ore
flotation and production of balls for ore flotation. It is proposed that
desired chemical composition of flotation balls (Mn=0.69%; Cr=2.247%;
C=3.79%; Si=0.5%), which ensures minimum wear rate (0.47 g/kg) during copper
milling is determined by combining artificial neural network (ANN) and
genetic algorithm (GA). Based on the results provided by neuro-genetic
combination, a second neural network was derived as an ?intelligent soft
sensor? in the process of white cast iron production. The proposed ANN
12-16-12-4 model demonstrated favourable prediction capacity, and can be
recommended as a ?intelligent soft sensor? in the alloying process intended
for obtaining favourable chemical composition of white cast iron for
production of flotation balls. In the development of intelligent soft sensor
data from the two real production processes was used.
Symmetric polyomino tilings, tribones, ideals, and Gröbner bases
Authors: Muzika-Dizdarevic Manuela , Zivaljevic Rade
Published: November 2015

We apply the theory of Grobner bases to the study of signed, symmetric
polyomino tilings of planar domains. Complementing the results of Conway and
Lagarias we show that the triangular regions TN = T3k?1 and TN = T3k in a
hexagonal lattice admit a signed tiling by three-in-line polyominoes
(tribones) symmetric with respect to the 120? rotation of the triangle if and
only if either N = 27r ? 1 or N = 27r for some integer r > 0. The method
applied is quite general and can be adapted to a large class of symmetric
tiling problems.
Integrable lattices of hyperplanes related to billiards within confocal quadrics
Authors: Radnovic Milena
Published: November 2015

We introduce a new discrete system that arises from ellipsoidal billiards and
is closely related to the double reflection nets. The system is defined on
the lattice of a uniform honeycomb consisting of rectified hypercubes and
cross polytopes. In the 2-dimensional case, the lattice is regular and it
incorporates dynamics both in the original space and its dual. In the 3-
dimensional case, the lattice consists of tetrahedra and cuboctahedra.
Conformal and geodesic mappings of generalized equidistant spaces
Authors: Najdanovic Marija , Zlatanovic Milan , Hinterleitner Irena
Published: November 2015

We consider conformal and geodesic mappings of generalized equidistant
spaces. We prove the existence of mentioned nontrivial mappings and construct
examples of conformal and geodesic mapping of a 3-dimensional generalized
equidistant space. Also, we find some invariant objects (three tensors and
four which are not tensors) of special geodesic mapping of generalized
equidistant space.
Disjunction of Boolean equations
Authors: Marovac Ulfeta
Published: November 2015

We give a formula for all the solutions of a disjunction of Boolean
equations.
A note on divided differences
Authors: Gavrea Ioan , Ivan Mircea
Published: November 2015

We obtain a new recurrence formula for sequences of divided differences. In a
particular case, the recurrence formula simplifies the classical
Newton-Girard identities relating power sums and elementary symmetric
polynomials.
On the metrizability of TVS-cone metric spaces
Authors: Lin Shou , Li Kedian , Ge Ying
Published: November 2015

Metric spaces are cone metric spaces, and cone metric spaces are TVS-cone
metric spaces. We prove that TVS-cone metric spaces are paracompact. A
metrization theorem of TVS-cone metric spaces is obtained by a purely
topological tools. We obtain that a homeomorphism f of a compact space is
expansive if and only if f is TVS-cone expansive. In the end, for a TVS-cone
metric topology, a concrete metric generating the topology is constructed.
Headspace Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration for the Determination of Water Content in Finished Tobacco Products
Authors: Aydin N , Chardonnens F , Rotach M
Published: November 2015

Because many physicochemical properties of tobacco are highly sensitive to its moisture content, the determination of water level is an important parameter for tobacco characterization. A headspace volumetric Karl Fischer titration (HS-V-KFT) method is presented for the quantification of water content in different finished tobacco materials. The parameters affecting the extraction of water from the tobacco materials were the sample size and the oven temperature which have been optimized. The extraction of water from the samples was achieved within a reasonable time (<25 min) with a sample size of 200 mg and an optimum temperature of between 90 °C and 100 °C. The results of the water determination by HS-V-KFT at the optimized parameters were in good agreement with those obtained by standard volumetric Karl Fischer titration. HS-V-KFT showed very good repeatability (RSDr 0.9%) and intermediate precision (RSDiR 1.1%). With respect to a considerable time saving, solvent consumption reduction, precision and accuracy, HS-V-KFT can therefore be suggested as the method of choice to determine water amount in finished tobacco products.
Formation of Dihydroxybenzenes in Cigarette Smoke. Part 1. Contribution from Chlorogenic Acid and Rutin
Authors: Davis MF , Mills HD , Moldoveanu SC
Published: November 2015

Catechol and alkylcatechols are known co-carcinogens present in cigarette smoke. Hydroquinone, although nongenotoxic, can form a metabolite with nephrotoxic properties and is a potential human carcinogen. The formation of dihydroxybenzenes during smoking originates with the pyrolysis of several precursors from tobacco. These include cellulose, chlorogenic acid, rutin, etc. The present study attempts to quantitate the contribution of chlorogenic acid and rutin to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes and of some alkyldihydroxybenzenes. Also it estimates the contribution to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes from other potential precursors including glucose, fructose, sucrose, cellulose, pectin, starch, and lignin. The study was done in three parts: 1. pyrolytic evaluation of the amount of dihydroxybenzenes in smoke generated from isolated potential precursors; 2. analysis of smoke from cigarettes made from a variety of tobaccos (14 single grades) and two blended cigarettes, followed by correlations of dihydroxybenzenes yield with the tobacco content of various suspected precursors; 3. addition of chlorogenic acid or rutin to several tobaccos followed by the smoking of the spiked cigarettes and measurement of dihydroxybenzenes yield increase. The study shows that for a variety of singlegrade cigarettes and for two blended cigarettes (one being the 2R4F Kentucky reference), the contribution of chlorogenic acid and of rutin to the formation of catechol and hydroquinone in smoke depends on the blend. For the 2R4F cigarette, the contribution from chlorogenic acid is 8.7% for catechol, and 7.7% for hydroquinone (for ISO smoking protocol). For the same cigarette, the contribution from rutin is 3.7% for catechol and 5.1% for hydroquinone. The results of the study are in agreement with a previously reported finding indicating that chlorogenic acid contributes about 13% to the catechol formation in smoke for the 1R1 Kentucky reference cigarette. The study results suggest that other components in tobacco, besides chlorogenic acid, rutin, glucose, fructose, sucrose, cellulose, pectin, starch, and lignin are major contributors to the formation of catechol and hydroquinone in cigarette smoke.
EDITORS’ NOTE
Authors: Heller WD , Scherer G
Published: November 2015

In 2002, Dr. Hubert Klus wrote a guest editorial introducing a review article on “Effects of Ingredients on Cigarette Smoke Composition and Biological Activity: A Literature Overview” [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 20 (2002) 107-247]. On this occasion, he turned to some historical facts on the monitoring and regulation of additives used for tobacco products. He reported that already some 200 years ago stringent rules were set up in Nuremberg for the correct use of ingredients in manufacturing tobacco products (and vinegar)! In the decade from 2000 on, a wealth of valuable scientific information as well as opinionated reviews were published on the potential effects of additives on consumer behavior and health. Therefore, we believe that the critical review in this issue is important and right on time.

It is with great sadness that we have to inform our readers that Professor ZHU Zunquan passed away in July. He was one of the most important scientists in tobacco research in China. He was born in 1919 in Xiangyang, China, and has for a long time been honorary or visiting professor of four universities in China. Of Professor Zhu's large spectrum of scientific publications we would like to mention especially the books “Cigarette Manufacturing Technology” and “Tobacco Technology”. Professor Zhu served also as executive editor of the journals “Tobacco Science and Technology” and “ActaTabacariaSinica”. Dr. Nicolas Baskevitch wrote a personal obituary for this issue.
Determination of Tobacco Specific Nitrosamines in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke: The CORESTA 2011 Collaborative Study
Authors: Intorp M , Purkis S , Wagstaff W
Published: November 2015

A CORESTA Recommended Method (CRM 75) has been developed and published, applicable to the quantification of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), namely, Nnitrosonornicotine (NNN), N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), Nnitrosoanatabine (NAT) and 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in cigarette mainstream smoke. The method involves smoke collection on a Cambridge filter pad under both ISO 3308 and the intense conditions adopted by Health Canada. An internal standard solution is added to the smoke collected on the pad and, after extraction, an aliquot is separated and quantitatively analysed by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

CRM 63 involving gas chromatography coupled with a thermal energy analyser (GC-TEA) was previously developed by the CORESTA Special Analytes Group that had been set up to develop recommended methods on smoke components. However, by 2009 most laboratories had moved to similar LC-MS/MS methods for TSNA analysis and so this technique was chosen as the basis of a new CRM and to complement CRM 63. Initial joint experiments, specific experiments by single laboratories and ongoing discussions identified methodological aspects that needed to be ‘standardised’ before moving to a CRM.

A joint experiment by 15 laboratories was carried out in 2010-2011 that investigated and identified important methodological features that needed to be controlled or clarified. CRM 75 was produced through a final collaborative experiment involving 20 laboratories from 12 countries using both linear and rotary smoking machines. Some notes are included in the CRM to inform other laboratories that might wish to adopt the method, concerning aspects that need to be well controlled to provide data as robust as possible and to provide similar repeatability and reproducibility data.

Statistical evaluations were made according to ISO 5725 guidelines and are included. Under ISO smoking, the levels of reproducibility (R) expressed as a percentage of the mean of TSNA yields across laboratories are much greater than the levels found for “tar”, nicotine and carbon monoxide and given in the relevant ISO standards. The R value was expressed as a percentage of the mean yield amonglaboratories and across all of the studied products. Under

ISO smoking R% values ranged from 25-60% for NNN; from 31-85% for NNK; from 47-58% for NAT and 40-99% for NAB. These levels are generally in line with those determined previously for TSNAs in CRM 63 and for other smoke analytes studied by the Special Analytes Group.

Under ‘intense’ smoking, R% values ranged from 30-88% for NNN; from 37-79% for NNK; from 47-83% for NAT and 42-111% for NAB. A plot of R against mean yields suggests that the ‘intense’ regime gives similar or slightly worse reproducibility than the ISO regime in spite of the higher yields generated.
An Evaluation of Smart Clip Self-Ligating Bracket System: Comparison of Treatment Outcome and Patient Response between Self-ligating and Conventional Pre-adjusted Edgewise Appliance
Authors: Bhatia Virag , S. Kalha Anmol , Nanda Smruti Bhushan
Published: November 2015

Introduction: A number of studies have been undertaken to evaluate the friction characteristics of self-ligating brackets, however there have been only few studies which have actually evaluated the clinical efficiency of these self-ligating brackets.Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficiency of Smart Clip self-ligating bracket in terms of treatment time, number of appointments, ABO score, and patient perception by comparing it with a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance system (MBT).Materials & Method: A prospective in vivo study in which twelve patients were bonded with Smart Clip self-ligating appliance and twelve patients were bonded with conventional pre adjusted edgewise appliance (MBT). The record of number of visits was maintained for each visit. At the end of treatment all 24 patients were asked to fill a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions. Post-treatment OPG and study models of all cases were evaluated for ABO score.Result: Average treatment time with Smart Clip self-ligating bracket was 4.5 months shorter than conventional pre-adjusted edgewise bracket. Mean number of appointments with Smart-Clip self-ligating brackets were 6.5 less than conventional pre-adjusted edgewise bracket. There was no significant difference in the quality of treatment with both groups having similar ABO scores. Patient perception to treatment in both the groups was also similar, except that patients with Smart Clip appliance system experienced more pain during wire insertion. Smart Clip group patients had greater difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene.Conclusion: Smart Clip bracket system is efficient in reducing the treatment time, but the quality of orthodontic treatment is similar to conventional pre-adjusted edgewise system. Patient perception for both the brackets is similar.
The SAR Angle: A Contemorary Sagital Jaw Dysplasia Marker
Authors: Agarwal Sonahita , Bhagchandani Jitendra , Mehrotra Praveen , Kapoor Sudhir , Jaiswal Raj Kumar
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Cephalometric analysis forms the backbone of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. However most of the angles used to assess antero-posterior jaw base discrepancy are based on landmarks that change with age, jaw rotation and orthodontic treatment. Walkers point is one landmark that has been suggested to be stable and easy to locate on radiograph.Objective: To derive SAR angle based on Walkers point, points M and G to assess true sagittal discrepancy.Materials & method: Sixty pretreatment lateral cephalograms of North Indian subjects were grouped in three classes of skeletal pattern based on fulfillment of any two of the three criteria: ANB angle, Witt’s appraisal and Beta angle. The mean and SD for the SAR angle in three groups were calculated. ANOVA one-way of variance and Newman-Keuls tests were done to compare the groups.Result: The mean value for SAR angle of Class I skeletal pattern group was 55.98o (SD 2.24), whereas mean value for Class II and Class III skeletal groups were 50.18o and 63.65o with standard deviations 2.70 and 2.25 respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curves show that the cutoff point between Class I and Class II groups could be considered a SAR angle of approximately 53o, and the cutoff point between Class I and Class III groups could be considered a SAR angle of approximately 59o.Conclusion: The SAR angle can be a reliable diagnostic aid to assess the sagittal jaw discrepancy more consistently.
Aesthetic Orthodontics : An Overview
Authors: Patel Dolly , Mehta Falguni , Mehta Nishit
Published: November 2015

Through the influence of the media and increasing awareness amongst the people aesthetic concerns regarding orthodontic treatment have risen up. The adult orthodontic patients put higher demands for aesthetic results not only after the treatment but also during the treatment phase. Not only adults but all orthodontic patients give importance to their appearance and forsocial or work reasons would probably refuse visible orthodontic treatment therapy. This article describes some of the effective solutions to these problems that will not impair the patient from an aesthetic point of view during the treatment phase
Multidisciplinary Approach in the Rehabilitation of Complicated Crown-root Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Acharya Nisha , Samant Praveen Singh , Gautam Vanita , Singh Ourvind , Halwai Hemanta
Published: November 2015

The management of patients with traumatic injuries to their dentition poses a serious challenge in everyday general dental practice. For the rehabilitation of the complicated subgingival crown fracture of anterior teeth, multidisciplinary approach is often indicated. A combination of endodontic, orthodontic, periodontal and prosthodontic approach may be required. Orthodontic or periodontal intervention becomes an integral part for the exposure of the sound tooth structure of fractured anterior teeth with fracture line extending subgingivally. The aim of this paper is to discuss the immediate endodontic management followed by orthodontic extrusion of traumatized upper anterior teeth with fracture at the subgingival level. In order to expose the sound tooth structure for prosthodonticintervention, orthodontic extrusion was performed after endodontic treatment. To avoid extraction of the involved teeth, the multidisciplinary approach was adopted and finally the teeth were restored prosthodontically. The final result was esthetically pleasant and periodontically sound.
Cost analysis of awake versus asleep deep brain stimulation: a single academic health center experience
Authors: Jacob R. Lorie , Geddes Jonah , McCartney Shirley , Burchiel Kim J.
Published: November 2015

OBJECT

The objective of this study was to compare the cost of deep brain stimulation (DBS) performed awake versus asleep at a single US academic health center and to compare costs across the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) Clinical Database.

METHODS

Inpatient and outpatient demographic and hospital financial data for patients receiving a neurostimulator lead implant (from the first quarter of 2009 to the second quarter of 2014) were collected and analyzed. Inpatient charges included those associated with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) procedure code 0293 (implantation or replacement of intracranial neurostimulator lead). Outpatient charges included all preoperative charges ≤ 30 days prior to implant and all postoperative charges ≤ 30 days after implant. The cost of care based on reported charges and a cost-to-charge ratio was estimated. The UHC database was queried (January 2011 to March 2014) with the same ICD-9 code. Procedure cost data across like hospitals (27 UHC hospitals) conducting similar DBS procedures were compared.

RESULTS

Two hundred eleven DBS procedures (53 awake and 158 asleep) were performed at a single US academic health center during the study period. The average patient age ( ± SD) was 65 ± 9 years old and 39% of patients were female. The most common primary diagnosis was Parkinson’s disease (61.1%) followed by essential and other forms of tremor (36%). Overall average DBS procedure cost was $39,152 ± $5340. Asleep DBS cost $38,850 ± $4830, which was not significantly different than the awake DBS cost of $40,052 ± $6604. The standard deviation for asleep DBS was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05). In 2013, the median cost for a neurostimulator implant lead was $34,052 at UHC-affiliated hospitals that performed at least 5 procedures a year. At Oregon Health & Science University, the median cost was $17,150 and the observed single academic health center cost for a neurostimulator lead implant was less than the expected cost (ratio 0.97).

CONCLUSIONS

In this single academic medical center cost analysis, DBS performed asleep was associated with a lower cost variation relative to the awake procedure. Furthermore, costs compared favorably to UHC-affiliated hospitals. While asleep DBS is not yet standard practice, this center exclusively performs asleep DBS at a lower cost than comparable institutions.
Insufficient platelet inhibition and thromboembolic complications in patients with intracranial aneurysms after stent placement
Authors: Yang Hongchao , Li Youxiang , Jiang Yuhua
Published: November 2015

OBJECT

Insufficient platelet inhibition has been associated with an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications in cardiology patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Data regarding the relationship between insufficient platelet inhibition and thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing neurovascular procedures remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of insufficient platelet inhibition and thromboembolic complications in patients with intracranial aneurysm undergoing stent treatment.

METHODS

The authors prospectively recruited patients with intracranial aneurysms undergoing stent treatment and maintained the data in a database. MRI with diffusion-weighted sequences was performed within 24 hours of stent insertion to identify acute ischemic lesions. The authors used thromboelastography to assess the degree of platelet inhibition in response to clopidogrel and aspirin. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors of thromboembolic complications.

RESULTS

One hundred sixty-eight patients with 193 aneurysms were enrolled in this study. Ninety-one of 168 (54.2%) patients with acute cerebral ischemic lesions were identified by diffusion-weighted MRI. In 9 (5.4%) patients with ischemic lesions, transient ischemic attack or stroke was found at discharge, and these complications were found in 11 (6.5%) patients during the follow-up period. The incidence of periprocedural thromboembolic complications increased with resistance to antiplatelet agents, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, complete occlusion, and aneurysm of the anterior circulation. The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the anterior circulation and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) inhibition percentage were independent risk factors of perioperative thromboembolic complications. The maximum amplitude and ADP inhibition percentage were independent risk factors for thromboembolic complications during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS

The ADP inhibition percentage is related to thromboembolic complications after stent placement for intracranial aneurysms. The increase of the ADP inhibition may decrease the risk of thromboembolic complications.
Multiple osteomas of the falx cerebri and anterior skull base: case report
Authors: Krisht Khaled M. , Palmer Cheryl A. , Couldwell William T.
Published: November 2015

The authors describe a rare case of intracranial extraaxial parafalcine and anterior skull base osteomas in a 22-year-old woman presenting with bifrontal headaches. This case highlights the possible occurrence of such lesions along the anterior skull base and parafalcine region that, as such, should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis for extraaxial calcific lesions involving the anterior skull base. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient who underwent complete successful resection of multiple extraaxial osteomas of the anterior skull base and parafalcine region.
Thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis with unilateral subluxation of the spine and postoperative lumbar spondylolisthesis in Hunter syndrome
Authors: Roberts Simon B. , Tsirikos Athanasios I.
Published: November 2015

Surgical correction for kyphoscoliosis is increasingly being performed for patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Reported case series have predominantly included patients with Type I (Hurler) and Type IV (Morquio) MPS. To their knowledge, the authors describe the first case report of surgical management of thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis in Hunter syndrome (MPS Type II) and the rare occurrence of lumbar spondylolisthesis following surgical stabilization. A 12-year-old boy with Hunter syndrome presented with severe thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis and no associated symptoms. Spinal radiographs demonstrated kyphosis of 48° (T11-L3) and scoliosis of 22° (T11-L3) with an anteriorly hypoplastic L-1 vertebra. The deformity progressed to kyphosis of 60° and scoliosis of 42° prior to surgical intervention. Spinal CT scans identified left T12-L1 facet subluxation, causing anterior rotatory displacement of the spine proximal to L-1 and bilateral L-5 isthmic spondylolysis with no spondylolisthesis. A combined single-stage anterior and posterior instrumented spinal arthrodesis from T-9 to L-4 was performed. Kyphosis and scoliosis were corrected to 4° and 0°, respectively. Prolonged ventilator support and nasogastric feedings were required for 3 months postoperatively. At 2.5 years following surgery, the patient was asymptomatic, mobilizing independently, and had achieved a solid spinal fusion. However, he had also developed a Grade II spondylolisthesis at L4–5; this was managed nonoperatively in the absence of symptoms or further deterioration of the spondylolisthesis to the 3.5-year postoperative follow-up visit. Satisfactory correction of thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis in Hunter syndrome can be achieved by combined anterior/posterior instrumented arthrodesis. The risk of developing deformity or instability in motion segments adjacent to an instrumented fusion may be greater in patients with MPS related to the underlying connective tissue disorder.
Intraspinal hemorrhage in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: link to superficial siderosis? Report of 2 cases
Authors: Schievink Wouter I. , Wasserstein Philip , Maya M. Marcel
Published: November 2015

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension due to a spinal CSF leak has become a well-recognized cause of headaches, but such spinal CSF leaks also are found in approximately half of patients with superficial siderosis of the CNS. It has been hypothesized that friable vessels at the site of the spinal CSF leak are the likely source of chronic bleeding in these patients, but such an intraspinal hemorrhage has never been visualized. The authors report on 2 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension and intraspinal hemorrhage, offering support for this hypothesis. A 33-year-old man and a 62-year-old woman with spontaneous intracranial hypotension were found to have a hemorrhage within the ventral spinal CSF collection and within the thecal sac, respectively. Treatment consisted of microsurgical repair of a ventral dural tear in the first patient and epidural blood patching in the second patient. The authors suggest that spontaneous intracranial hypotension should be included in the differential diagnosis of spontaneous intraspinal hemorrhage, and that the intraspinal hemorrhage can account for the finding of superficial siderosis when the CSF leak remains untreated.
Hemothorax caused by the trocar tip of the rod inserter after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: case report
Authors: Maruo Keishi , Tachibana Toshiya , Inoue Shinichi , Arizumi Fumihiro , Yoshiya Shinichi
Published: November 2015

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) is widely used for lumbar degenerative diseases. In the paper the authors report a unique case of a hemothorax caused by the trocar tip of the rod inserter after MIS-TLIF. A 61-year-old woman presented with thigh pain and gait disturbance due to weakness in her lower right extremity. She was diagnosed with a lumbar disc herniation at L1–2 and the MIS-TLIF procedure was performed. Immediately after surgery, the patient’s thigh pain resolved and she remained stable with normal vital signs. The next day after surgery, she developed severe anemia and her hemoglobin level decreased to 7.6 g/dl, which required blood transfusions. A chest radiograph revealed a hemothorax. A CT scan confirmed a hematoma of the left paravertebral muscle. A chest tube was placed to treat the hemothorax. After 3 days of drainage, there was no active bleeding. The patient was discharged 14 days after surgery without leg pain or any respiratory problems. This complication may have occurred due to injury of the intercostal artery by the trocar tip of the rod inserter. A hemothorax after spine surgery is a rare complication, especially in the posterior approach. The rod should be caudally inserted in the setting of the thoracolumbar spine.
Characterization of complications associated with open and endoscopic craniosynostosis surgery at a single institution
Authors: Han Rowland H. , Nguyen Dennis C. , Bruck Brent S. , Skolnick Gary B. , Yarbrough Chester K. , Naidoo Sybill D. , Patel Kamlesh B. , Kane Alex A. , Woo Albert S. , Smyth Matthew D.
Published: November 2015

OBJECT

The authors present a retrospective cohort study examining complications in patients undergoing surgery for craniosynostosis using both minimally invasive endoscopic and open approaches.

METHODS

Over the past 10 years, 295 nonsyndromic patients (140 undergoing endoscopic procedures and 155 undergoing open procedures) and 33 syndromic patients (endoscopic procedures in 10 and open procedures in 23) met the authors’ criteria. Variables analyzed included age at surgery, presence of a preexisting CSF shunt, skin incision method, estimated blood loss, transfusions of packed red blood cells, use of intravenous steroids or tranexamic acid, intraoperative durotomies, procedure length, and length of hospital stay. Complications were classified as either surgically or medically related.

RESULTS

In the nonsyndromic endoscopic group, the authors experienced 3 (2.1%) surgical and 5 (3.6%) medical complications. In the nonsyndromic open group, there were 2 (1.3%) surgical and 7 (4.5%) medical complications. Intraoperative durotomies occurred in 5 (3.6%) endoscopic and 12 (7.8%) open cases, were repaired primarily, and did not result in reoperations for CSF leakage. Similar complication rates were seen in syndromic cases. There was no death or permanent morbidity. Additionally, endoscopic procedures were associated with significantly decreased estimated blood loss, transfusions, procedure length, and length of hospital stay compared with open procedures.

CONCLUSIONS

Rates of intraoperative durotomies and surgical and medical complications were comparable between endoscopic and open techniques. This is the largest direct comparison to date between endoscopic and open interventions for synostosis, and the results are in agreement with previous series that endoscopic surgery confers distinct advantages over open surgery in appropriate patient populations.
Cranial juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma: case report
Authors: Barrena López Cristina , Bollar Zabala Alicia , Úrculo Bareño Enrique
Published: November 2015

Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF) is a fibroosseous tumor that arises in the craniofacial bones in young people. This lesion usually originates in the jaw, orbit, and ethmoid complex but can also be associated with the skull base and calvaria. Diagnosis must be made based on observing typical radiological and histopathological features. Although JPOF is a rare pathological entity, neurosurgeons must consider this odontogenic lesion in the differential diagnosis of skull masses given the lesion’s aggressive behavior and locally invasive growth. Treatment must be gross-total resection. In the following article, the authors present a case of cranial JPOF and discuss various aspects of this entity.
Onyx embolization of an intraosseous pseudoaneurysm of the middle meningeal artery in a patient with meningiomatosis, McCune-Albright syndrome, and gray platelet syndrome
Authors: Settecase Fabio , Nicholson Andrew D. , Amans Matthew R. , Higashida Randall T. , Halbach Van V. , Cooke Daniel L. , Dowd Christopher F. , Hetts Steven W.
Published: November 2015

A 13-year-old boy with meningiomatosis, McCune-Albright syndrome, and gray platelet syndrome presented with an enlarging “lump” on his right forehead. A head CT scan revealed a polyostotic fibrous dysplasia involving the entire skull. A 3.4-cm right frontal osseous cavity and an overlying right forehead subcutaneous soft-tissue mass were seen, measuring 5.2 cm in diameter and 1.6 cm thick. Ultrasound of the cavity and overlying mass showed swirling of blood and an arterialized waveform. MRI revealed an en plaque meningioma underlying the cavity. An intraosseous pseudoaneurysm fed by 3 distal anterior division branches of the right middle meningeal artery (MMA) with contrast extravasation was found on angiography. Two MMA feeders were embolized with Onyx, with anterograde filling of the intraosseous cavity with Onyx. A small pocket of residual intracavity contrast filling postembolization from a smaller third MMA feeder eventually thrombosed and the forehead lump regressed.
Editorial
Authors: Ahmed Tahera
Published: November 2015

Greetings to all our Readers and Authors! The Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics is gaining more popularity among all of us who are concerned about standards, norms, practices and ethics. This journal is our voice to share what is being practiced and what should be done. It will help to bring about equality and equity through an ethical rights based approach in all sectors of development touching our lives.This issue contains articles on diverse aspects of medical and social practices and will be very useful in ensuring that Bioethical standards are complied with.
Medical Ethics and Medical Professionalism in Low and Middle Income (LAMIC) Countries: Challenges and Implications.
Authors: Coleman Albert M.E.
Published: November 2015

This article examines the (bio) ethical and professionalism issues that may arise in the context of medical practice in low and middle income countries (LAMIC), and the challenges this poses for medical regulatory bodies in the regions, in upholding ethics in professional practice. A quadrangle of source of the problems given rise to the breach of ethics in medical practice is identified, and suggested steps, based on ethical principles and concept, is proposed towards the resolution of the problems presented. As LAMIC progress to improve the health of its population, this endeavour should occur hand in hand with contemporary medical ethics theories, taking in context the regions ethnographic and cultural beliefs and practices.
Child Marriage: A Discussion Paper
Authors: Ahmed Tahera
Published: November 2015

Child marriage is still a massive problem in many developing countries. The issue is more concentrated in countries of Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia. This paper, through literature review attempts to assess the situation, the consequences, various programmes and recommendations on the reduction of child marriage. In this article it is reinforced that, consequences of child marriage put the girls at risk of early pregnancies with life-threatening conditions. This paper suggests that each country should set up its own mid-term and long-term goals to bring about significant reduction in child marriages.
Accountability for Reasonableness, for Priority Setting and Resource Allocation: A Case Scenario
Authors: Rafique Zoheb
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the accountability for reasonableness and its four conditions. This explains the priority setting and resource allocation for scarce resources. In this article it is discussed that how the scarce resources in a developing country like Pakistan be allocated in health care. This is explained with the help of case scenario.
Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration
Authors: Shayganpour Amirreza , Rebaudi Alberto , Cortella Pierpaolo , Diaspro Alberto , Salerno Marco
Published: November 2015

Clinical long-term osteointegration of titanium-based biomedical devices is the main goal for both dental and orthopedical implants. Both the surface morphology and the possible functionalization of the implant surface are important points. In the last decade, following the success of nanostructured anodic porous alumina, anodic porous titania has also attracted the interest of academic researchers. This material, investigated mainly for its photocatalytic properties and for applications in solar cells, is usually obtained from the anodization of ultrapure titanium. We anodized dental implants made of commercial grade titanium under different experimental conditions and characterized the resulting surface morphology with scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. The appearance of nanopores on these implants confirm that anodic porous titania can be obtained not only on ultrapure and flat titanium but also as a conformal coating on curved surfaces of real objects made of industrial titanium alloys. Raman spectroscopy showed that the titania phase obtained is anatase. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that by carrying out the anodization in the presence of electrolyte additives such as magnesium, these can be incorporated into the porous coating. The proposed method for the surface nanostructuring of biomedical implants should allow for integration of conventional microscale treatments such as sandblasting with additive nanoscale patterning. Additional advantages are provided by this material when considering the possible loading of bioactive drugs in the porous cavities.
CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF LOWER ROADWAY LAYERS FOR PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: POŻARYCKI Andrzej
Published: November 2015

The process of selecting road maintenance technologies for the Pavement Management System (PMS) can use road pavement moduli of deformation as the substantiating information. Assessment criteria based on either pavement or base course moduli of deformation have strong empirical underpinning, since the stiff plate bearing testing (SPBT) is commonly used worldwide. This paper discusses potential practical applications of plate bearing test numerical simula­tion based on Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) deflection data, and theoretical model based on flexible pavement. It was proven that including a pavement model with stress dependency, the simulated second load-displacement curves meet reliably plate bearing in-situ test conditions for different layers of either subgrade or base courses of road pave­ment. This methodology is feasible by classifying technical condition of each lower layer of road pavement against requirements towards new pavements.
Les bénéficiaires de la validation des acquis de l'expérience
Authors: Havet Nathalie
Published: November 2015

Notre article étudie les profils des candidats à la validation des acquis de l’expérience ( vae ) afin de déterminer les caractéristiques individuelles qui facilitent les chances de réussite dans ce processus. Pour ce faire, les données sur l’ensemble des individus ayant déposé un dossier de candidature à la vae entre 2007 et 2009 auprès des principaux valideurs de la région Rhône-Alpes ont été mobilisées. Des modèles économétriques distinguant les différentes étapes du processus (recevabilité, passage en jury, validation) et les sélections successives des candidats ont été estimés. Il ressort que même si la vae semble avoir du mal à trouver sa place parmi les dispositifs d’aide à l’emploi pour les chômeurs, elle remplit son rôle de qualification des personnes peu ou non diplômées. En outre, les entretiens-conseils au sein des points relais information-conseil semblent avoir des retombées positives sur la démarche de vae et sont donc sans doute à renforcer.
Impact de la démographie sur les importations de Mayotte
Authors: Candau Fabien , Rey Serge
Published: November 2015

Les importations de Mayotte ont été multipliées par huit sur les vingt dernières années, creusant le déficit commercial de l’île. Dans le même temps, la population de Mayotte a plus que doublé. Cet article propose d’étudier la contribution de la croissance de cette population dans l’augmentation des importations sur la période 2000-2010. L’estimation d’une équation de gravité microfondée sur un modèle avec préférences non homothétiques permet de montrer qu’une augmentation de 1 % de la population totale entraîne une hausse de 1,23 % des importations. En guise de comparaison, une augmentation de la population minorée de la population clandestine n’impacte les importations que de 0,46 %.
The Relationship Between Innovation and Productivity Based on R&D and ict Use
Authors: Martin Ludivine , Nguyen-Thi Thuc Uyen
Published: November 2015

Cet article évalue le rôle de la recherche et développement (R&D) et de l’usage des technologies de l’information et de communication ( tic ) dans l’innovation et la productivité du travail de l’entreprise. La méthode d’estimation est basée sur le modèle cdm en trois étapes. Contrairement à la plupart des études existantes, nous proposons une distinction entre les dépenses de R&D interne et externe. De plus, nous utilisons différentes spécifications des tic pour capturer leur degré de variété, plutôt qu’une mesure agrégée du capital tic . Les résultats soulignent la complexité de la gestion des investissements dans les tic et la R&D pour l’amélioration de l’innovation des entreprises. Tout en confirmant le rôle reconnu de facilitateur d’innovation de ces intrants à l’innovation, les résultats soulignent que toutes les hausses d’investissements dans les tic et la R&D ne se traduisent pas par des augmentations équivalentes de la capacité d’une entreprise à innover. Les résultats des estimations confirment également la relation positive entre l’innovation et la productivité du travail. JEL Codes: C13, C34, O31
Les écarts de prix de l'eau en France entre les secteurs privé et public
Authors: Valero Vanessa
Published: November 2015

Lors des prochaines années, de nombreux contrats de gestion de l’eau potable arriveront à échéance en France. Leur expiration offre aux communes concernées la possibilité de reconsidérer leur contrat au profit d’une reprise en gestion publique. Une grande majorité des communes françaises délèguent actuellement leur service d’eau à des entreprises privées qui rencontrent toutefois une opposition grandissante. Le débat concernant la gestion de l’eau potable s’est plus particulièrement cristallisé autour de la question du prix, ce dernier étant en moyenne plus élevé dans les communes ayant opté pour la délégation de leur eau. Afin d’y contribuer, nous évaluons l’impact de la gestion privée de l’eau sur les prix de l’eau en France en prenant soin de corriger le biais de sélection dont souffre cette estimation. Contrairement aux études empiriques précédentes, nous ne trouvons pas de différences statistiquement significatives du prix de l’eau selon le mode de gestion choisi.
Risque de défaut et concurrence sur le marché des produits
Authors: Le Pape Nicolas
Published: November 2015

L’influence stratégique de l’endettement sur le comportement de marché des firmes a été analysée par Brander et Lewis [1986]. Ils montrent que l’endettement accroît le niveau de concurrence dans l’industrie. Cependant, un nombre croissant de banques fondent leur politique de prêt sur une évaluation de la capacité de remboursement de l’emprunteur et donc de son risque de non-remboursement. L’objectif de cet article est de revisiter la littérature développée en économie industrielle axée sur la fonction stratégique de l’endettement en reconnaissant une fonction stratégique non pas au montant de dette à rembourser en fin de période mais au risque de défaut de l’entreprise débitrice. On montre que l’utilisation stratégique du risque de défaut exerce un effet pro-concurrentiel plus marqué que l’utilisation stratégique de la dette.
L’impact des prix de l’immobilier sur les inégalités et leur mesure
Authors: Carbonnier Clément
Published: November 2015

Le livre de Thomas Piketty, Le Capital au xxi e  siècle , et les débats qui l’ont entouré ont rappelé l’importance de l’immobilier et des variations de ses prix dans la mesure des inégalités. Nous défendons l’idée que si la valeur de marché surestime le patrimoine immobilier en période de bulle, la somme actualisée des loyers la sous-estime. Une surestimation du patrimoine immobilier conduit à sous-estimer les inégalités de patrimoine car cela affecte relativement plus les classes moyennes que le haut de la distribution. Pour l’avenir, la répartition des types de capital et les différences dans leur rendement peuvent conduire à un accroissement des inégalités de revenu.
La criminalité favorise-t-elle l’acceptation de la carte bancaire ?
Authors: Karoubi Bruno
Published: November 2015

Le présent article analyse l’impact de la criminalité comme facteur environnemental sur l’acceptation de la carte bancaire. Nous utilisons un document publié par le ministère de l’Intérieur, l’« état 4 001 », pour associer à chaque commerçant le niveau de criminalité de son département. Nous concluons qu’un niveau élevé de criminalité financière défavorise l’acceptation de la carte bancaire, tandis qu’un niveau élevé de criminalité violente la favorise. L’effet de la criminalité financière est interprété comme un effet de sélection adverse, et l’effet de la criminalité violente résulte de l’internalisation partielle par les commerçants des risques encourus par les consommateurs.
Optimisation d’une stratégie anti- opa par limitation linéaire des droits de vote face à un investisseur hostile
Authors: Teulon Frédéric , Moschetto Bruno-Laurent
Published: November 2015

Cet article s’intéresse aux mesures défensives reposant sur une limitation linéaire des droits de vote, adoptées principalement pour contrer les offres publiques d’achat hostiles. Nous étudions la situation d’une firme dont l’actionnariat est atomisé et dont le noyau dur d’actionnaires souhaite empêcher l’arrivée d’un nouvel entrant. Ce groupe met en place un dispositif de défense qui repose sur un seuil de limitation au-dessus duquel tout droit de vote est annulé puis redistribué linéairement selon un certain coefficient. Nous montrons que ce type de dispositif est efficace pour contrer tout investisseur hostile agissant seul. Cependant, ce résultat est généralement obtenu avec un paramétrage qui adresse un mauvais signal au marché en termes de gouvernance. L’article propose alors de déterminer, quand il existe, le paramétrage optimum du dispositif.
Treating Teen Depression in Primary Care
Authors: Santiago Sabrina
Published: November 2015

I recently had an adolescent patient who presented with a chief complaint of depression. He had classic symptoms of difficulty sleeping, dysthymia, and anhedonia (loss of interest in things that used to bring him joy). He was a very smart and self-aware 17-year-old, and was able to describe his symptoms easily. There were no concerns for manic episodes or psychosis, and he met diagnostic criteria for unipolar major depressive disorder. He denied suicidal ideation, and was already seeing a therapist weekly for the last several months. He had a strong family history of depression, with his father, aunts, and grandmother who also carried a diagnosis of depression. He presented with the support of his mother, asking about next steps, and specifically, pharmacotherapy. This patient is a perfect example of an adolescent who is a good candidate for initiation of antidepressant medication. Primary care pediatricians should feel comfortable with first-line agents for major depressive disorder in certain adolescents with depression, but many feel hesitant and rely on child and adolescent psychiatry colleagues for prescriptions.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(11):466–468,470.]