bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
4,4′-Methylenebis[N-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2,6-diisopropylaniline]
Authors: Prapakaran Tulasi , Murugavel Ramaswamy
Published: August 2022

In the V-shaped title Schiff base, C41H50N2O4, the planes of the benzene rings of the central diphenylmethane unit make a dihedral angle of 70.40 (5)°, whereas the planes of the neighbouring benzene and ortho-vanilin rings are twisted with respect to one another by dihedral angles of 75.76 (5) and 73.89 (6)°. The Schiff base displays intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds and weak intermolecular C—H...O contacts.
Tetracarbonyldi-μ-chlorido-dichloridobis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)diirondigallium(2 Fe—Ga)
Authors: Harakas George N. , Demmin Mary Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

The title compound, [Fe2Ga2(C5H5)2Cl4(CO)4], has an iron–gallium bond distance of 2.3028 (3) Å. The gallium atoms are connected by two bridging chlorine atoms, each gallium also has one terminal chlorine. The molecule has an inversion center located between the gallium atoms. The cyclopentadienyl ligand is disordered over two sites with an occupancy of 0.57 (2) for the major occupied site.
A novel instructional approach: the effect of computer-assisted simulation learning games (CASLGs) on social studies students' scholarly learning outcomes
Authors: Obro Sunday
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the article is (1) to find out whether students instructed with Computer-Assisted Simulation Learning Games (CASLGs) will improve in their scholarly learning outcomes and (2) to ascertain if the biological construct of sex will affect students scholarly learning outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was experimental. The study sample comprised 120 students from four schools. The study instrument was the Scholarly Learning Outcomes Test (SLOT), drawn from the school syllabus. The study lasted six weeks. Before the experimentation, the students were pre-tested using the Scholarly Learning Outcomes Test (SLOT. After which, students were posttested to ascertain students' scholarly learning outcomes. The statistical mean was employed to analyse data generated from the pretest and posttest to provide answers for the research questions, while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistics was utilised to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results show that CASLGs improved students' scholarly learning outcomes more than the face-to-face instructional approach and the biological construct of sex is of no effect on students' scholarly learning outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

First, in performing the study, the regular instructors/teachers were utilized. The personalities of these instructors were not considered or scrutinized; this might have impacted the research outcomes.

Implications for future studies: One advantage is that it is part of a bigger initiative in which there are extra sources of data to study. This information or data from this study would help to throw further light on the predictors of student scholarly learning outcomes in the near future. One implication of this study rests on the confirmation that activity-based strategies such as CASLGs enhance students' scholarly learning outcomes.

Originality/value

This study is a product of the author’s doctoral thesis. It is the outcome of the investigation carried out by the author for the award of PhD; therefore, it is original. The study’s results are of immense value because they contributed to knowledge in the area of computer-based learning games.
Strategy making in hyper uncertainty: towards a conceptual framework from the seaport industry during Brexit
Authors: Kearney Arthur , Harrington Denis , Rajwani Tazeeb
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to systematically review strategy making in the seaport context during a period of hyper uncertainty.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review using the context, intervention, method and outcome (CIMO) framework is conducted in the domains of strategy making and the port sector taking account of hyper uncertainty caused by Brexit.

Findings

Strategy making (under conditions of hyper uncertainty) is shown to evolve from both stakeholder/supply chain embedded relationships and from chief executive officer and extra organisational inputs. Through an iterative process of internal resourcing, stakeholder engagement strategy development can be seen to impact five key outcomes of an emerging strategy making under hyper uncertainty: economic returns; societal and regional impacts; deeper improved market engagement; improved environmental sensing and potential for dynamic capability development.

Research limitations/implications

The systematic review integrates the existing fragmented research landscape regarding strategy making under hyper uncertainty, provides future research trajectories and develops a framework emerging from the review.

Practical implications

The framework offers port management and policymakers a tool to improve their engagement with strategy making under hyper uncertainty and associated outcomes.

Originality/value

The systematic review consolidates the fragmented literature and presents future research trajectories. The framework of strategy making under hyper uncertainty developed from the CIMO framework develops existing knowledge and contributes to academic theory.
Public debt sustainability: a bibliometric co-citation visualization analysis
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Kumar Vikas , Sindhwani Rahul , Singh Punj Lata , Behl Abhishek
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Due to the financial disturbances created by the COVID-19 pandemic and the burden on the government exchequer, it is expected to see a rise in the knowledge base of the research corpus so far as the government's fiscal sustainability is concerned. Therefore, the present research examines a systematic quantitative analysis of public debt sustainability research by applying a bibliometric approach. Research also analyzes journals, institutions, countries and authors contributing to public debt sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper scrutinizes the published scientific research on public debt sustainability based on the dataset of 535 articles from 1991 to 2021 obtained from the Scopus database. Biblioshiny (R-based application) and VoSviewer software were used to perform bibliometric analysis through Performance analysis and science mapping techniques. The authors combined co-citation analysis (CCA), bibliometric analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis (KCA) and a conceptual thematic map of the most cited articles to find the intellectual structure.

Findings

The research identified three dominating clusters, e.g. fiscal sustainability and policy rules, empirical sustainability testing and debt and growth dynamics. Another finding was that most articles were analytical and empirical and few descriptive articles were found. Owing to the empirical nature of the domain, the issues concerning public debt sustainability have continued to change over the past decades for different economies, reflecting the complexity and diversity of economic structures of different economies at different times.

Originality/value

The insight of this article provides academicians and researchers with a more refined comprehension of the conceptual and intellectual structure of the research corpus. The present research complements the existing literature review studies by pushing the research towards emerging or less developed issues such as financial and debt crises.
Internet of Things (IOT) and library services
Authors: De Sarkar Tanmay
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing literature on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) and to give an overview of how libraries are adopting this emerging technology to make users feel more engaging with the library resources and service provision.

Design/methodology/approach

The basic architecture of IoT with its functionality has been enumerated and its different layers have been depicted.

Findings

A conceptual library IoT model, working on Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol, based on the fog-cloud computing layer of architecture has been proposed. This study also highlights the sensor-based current library services.

Originality/value

This study focuses on the existing practices of adoption of library IoT and discusses the possibilities of its future expansion in different areas.
Repeat tourists’ perceived unfavorable changes and their effects on destination loyalty
Authors: Hu Yaou , Xu Songjun
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Repeat tourists are invaluable to tourist destinations. However, their perceptions and reactions toward unfavorable destination changes remain underexplored. This paper aims to answer two important and unresolved questions: how do repeat tourists react to perceived unfavorable changes? and what are the main unfavorable destination changes for repeat tourists?

Design/methodology/approach

This research builds on the strategic memory protection theory. This paper consists of two studies (a quantitative one and a qualitative one) conducted in China. The quantitative study proposed and tested a structural equation model linking perceived unfavorable changes, tainted memories, revisit satisfaction and destination loyalty. Data were collected via a questionnaire distributed on an online survey platform with 416 valid responses. The qualitative study was conducted to determine the unfavorable destination changes that repeat tourists perceive. Ninety-five valid responses were used for analysis.

Findings

This research empirically shows that perceived unfavorable changes diminish repeat tourists’ destination loyalty by tainting their initial memories and reducing revisit satisfaction. This full mediation confirms the importance of personal memories and psychology in tourism experiences. This research further uncovers two main types of unfavorable destination changes: destination mismanagement (i.e. overcommercialization, insufficient facilities, poor destination management, excessive prices and a decline in service qualities) and negative environmental changes (overtouristification, changes to natural and social environments and changes in tourist sites and activities).

Originality/value

This research adds to the destination loyalty literature by unveiling actual repeat tourists’ revisit perceptions and psychological processes toward unfavorable destination changes. This research also identifies the typical unfavorable changes perceived by repeat tourists.
Hierarchical compound topology uncovers complex structure of species interaction networks
Authors: Pinheiro Rafael B. P. , Felix Gabriel M. F. , Lewinsohn Thomas M.
Published: August 2022

Nestedness and modularity have been found in many species interaction networks. Despite being conceptually distinct, negatively correlated and having different causes, these patterns often co‐occur. A realistic but seldom investigated alternative to these simple topologies is hierarchical compound networks, in which the entire network is modular, and modules are internally nested. In compound networks, nestedness is suppressed by modularity at higher network hierarchical levels, but prevails at lower levels, within modules.

The aims of this study are (i) to evaluate the prevalence of simple and hierarchical compound topologies in binary and weighted networks describing different kinds of species interactions and (ii) to probe the relationships between modularity and nestedness at different network hierarchical levels.

With a procedure that discriminates between simple and compound structures, we re‐analysed the topology of 142 well‐studied binary networks including seed dispersal, host–parasite, pollination and plant–herbivore interactions; 68 of these also had quantitative information. Additionally, we tested the relationship between robustness and topology of binary networks and compared the robustness of networks with compound topologies to different sequences of species removals.

Compound topologies were detected in 34% of binary and 71% of weighted networks of all interaction kinds. These results establish the hierarchical compound topology as a widespread network architecture, often undetected without quantitative data. Furthermore, they disentangle an apparent paradox: despite conflicting with overall nestedness, modularity usually co‐occurs with high values of low‐level nestedness. Nestedness progressively decreased, while modularity increased, from seed dispersal to host–parasite, pollination and plant–herbivore networks. There were no consistent differences in the robustness of networks with nested and compound topologies. However, compound topologies were especially vulnerable to removal sequences that accelerate the exclusion of entire modules.

Compound topologies improve the depiction of ecological networks and differentiate ecological and evolutionary processes that operate at different hierarchical levels, with the potential to advance our understanding of network dynamics, stability and response to species loss or change. Quantitative data often reveal specialization patterns that are indistinguishable in binary networks, strongly improving the detection of modular and compound topologies.
The Korea‐Vietnam trade and the bilateral exchange rate: Asymmetric evidence from commodity trade data
Authors: Baek Jungho , Yoon Jee Hee
Published: August 2022

The contribution of the current article is to detect the asymmetric impact that exchange rate fluctuations have on Korea's trade with Vietnam. To this end, the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) process is applied to export and import data disaggregated by 25 commodities. We uncover that the ups and downs of exchange rates have an asymmetric impact on some, though not all, types of Korea's commodities exported to and imported from Vietnam in both the long‐ and short‐run.
The efficacy and complications of retropubic tension‐free vaginal tapes after 20 years: A prospective observational study
Authors: O'Leary Bobby D. , McCreery Alexandra , Redmond Aisling E. , Keane Declan P.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Long‐term data regarding risks associated with tension‐free vaginal tapes (TVT) are sparse, and where available are limited to small numbers. We analyse patient‐reported outcomes of TVT after 16–24 years.

Design

Prospective observational study.

Setting

Single‐centre study in a tertiary referral urogynaecology unit.

Population

A cohort of 350 women who had a TVT inserted between 1999 and 2004, in which 96% had urodynamically proven stress incontinence.

Methods

Postal questionnaire survey using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire, a visual analogue scale and a yes/no question as to whether they would have the procedure again.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was cure of stress urinary incontinence, which was assessed using the ICIQ‐FLUTS questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included overactive bladder symptoms, pain, sexual dysfunction, and patient satisfaction with the procedure.

Results

A total of 183/350 (52%) responses were received. The median age of women at follow up was 67 years (range 53–93 years) and the median follow up was 20 years (17–24 years). Stress urinary incontinence was denied by 39.3% of women. Urgency was reported by 42.1%. Bladder pain was reported either ‘never’ or ‘occasionally’ by 92.3% of women. The median satisfaction rate was 98/100 and 92.4% said they would have the TVT procedure again.

Conclusions

Tension‐free vaginal tape has high levels of satisfaction and cure up to 24 years after placement. Pain was uncommon and its impact on quality of life was low. Symptoms of urgency were prevalent but may be related to age. TVT is an effective treatment for SUI more than 20 years after initial placement.
The Complementarity Between Signal Informativeness and Monitoring
Authors: CHAIGNEAU PIERRE , SAHUGUET NICOLAS
Published: August 2022

A firm that must decide whether to retain or terminate a manager can rely on several sources of information to assess managerial ability. When it relies on a performance signal and monitoring, we show that a more informative signal can surprisingly increase the value of monitoring. Then, signal precision and monitoring are complements. This happens if a more precise information system makes some signals more negative indicators of managerial ability that still do not trigger termination. When the turnover cost is high enough and the manager is more entrenched after a positive performance, an increase in signal precision increases expected monitoring. In firms with a high turnover cost, a less informative signal is compounded by worse monitoring after a disappointing performance. This “bad corporate governance trap” makes it hard for these firms to eventually improve performance.
Souvenirs of a Scandal: Commemorating the Margaret Nicholson Affair
Authors: Jamieson Anna
Published: August 2022

This article explores a selection of visual and material commemorations of the Margaret Nicholson affair of 1786. Contextualizing the response to the affair within a broader story of spectacle and sensibility, it demonstrates that the cultural power and profusion of Nicholson, the would‐be assassin of King George III, were driven by her contravention of expectations surrounding gender, class, and madness. Along with visual analysis of surviving representations of Nicholson, the article questions how the commercial materialization of the Nicholson scandal related to issues surrounding eighteenth‐century experience, identity, and health.
fossilbrush: An R package for automated detection and resolution of anomalies in palaeontological occurrence data
Authors: Flannery‐Sutherland Joseph T. , Raja Nussaïbah B. , Kocsis Ádám T. , Kiessling Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

Fossil occurrence databases are indispensable resources to the palaeontological community, yet present unique data cleaning challenges. Many studies devote significant attention to cleaning fossil occurrence data prior to analysis, but such efforts are typically bespoke and difficult to reproduce. There are also no standardised methods to detect and resolve errors despite the development of an ecosystem of cleaning tools fuelled by the concurrent growth of neontological occurrence databases.

As fossil occurrence databases continue to increase in size, the demand for standardised, automated and reproducible methods to improve data quality will only grow. Here, we present semi‐automated cleaning solutions to address these issues with a new R package fossilbrush. We apply our cleaning protocols to the Paleobiology Database to assess the prevalence of anomalous entries and the efficacy and impact of our methods.

We find that anomalies may be effectively resolved by comparison against a published compendium of stratigraphic ranges, improving the stratigraphic quality of the data, and through methods which detect outliers in taxon‐wise occurrence stratigraphic distributions. Despite this, anomalous entries remain prevalent throughout major clades, with often more than 30% of genera in major fossil groups (e.g. bivalves, echinoderms) displaying stratigraphically suspect occurrence records.

Our methods provide a way to flag and resolve anomalous taxonomic data before downstream palaeobiological analysis and may also aid in the automation and targeting of future cleaning efforts. We stress, however, that our methods are semi‐automated and are primarily for the detection of potential anomalies for further scrutiny, as full automation should not be a substitute for expert vetting. We note that some of our methods do not rely on external databases for anomaly resolution and so are also applicable to occurrences in neontological databases, expanding the utility of the fossilbrush R package.
Luxembourg: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: DUMONT PATRICK , KIES RAPHAËL
Published: August 2022

Luxembourg politics in 2021 was again largely determined by the evolution of the Covid‐19 pandemic and its response by public authorities, with an easing of restrictions which was followed by the adoption of stricter measures due to the emergence of the Omicron variant. This sequence caused an outcry in the population, with protests that sometimes became violent. The three‐party coalition government was also shaken, at the end of the year, by the decision of three of its ministers to resign from their position. After changes of ministerial personnel within The Greens/Déi Gréng delegation in previous years, this time the turnover (set to become official in 2022) concerned the Socialists/Lëtzebuerger Sozialistesch Aarbechterpartei and the Democratic Pary/Demokratesch Partei. But 2021 was also a particularly difficult year for the historically dominant party of the Grand Duchy, the Christian‐Social People's Party/Chrëschtlech‐Sozial Vollekspartei, in opposition since 2013, but still the largest party in Parliament, as it saw its leader forced out of office.
Chronological attenuation of NPRA/PKG/AMPK signaling promotes vascular aging and elevates blood pressure
Authors: Long Changkun , Liu Hongfei , Zhan Wenxing , Chen Liping , Yu Zhenping , Tian Shane , Xiang Yang , Chen Shenghan , Tian Xiao‐Li
Published: August 2022

Hypertension is common in elderly population. We designed to search comprehensively for genes that are chronologically shifted in their expressions and to define their contributions to vascular aging and hypertension. RNA sequencing was conducted to search for senescence‐shifted transcripts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Small interfering RNA (siRNA), small‐molecule drugs, CRISPR/Cas9 techniques, and imaging were used to determine genes' function and contributions to age‐related phenotypes of the endothelial cell and blood vessel. Of 25 genes enriched in the term of “regulation of blood pressure,” NPRA was changed most significantly. The decreased NPRA expression was replicated in aortas of aged mice. The knockdown of NPRA promoted HUVEC senescence and it decreased expressions of protein kinase cGMP‐dependent 1 (PKG), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Suppression of NPRA also decreased the phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as the ratio of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) but increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 8‐Br‐cGMP (analog of cGMP), or AICAR (AMPK activator), counteracted the observed changes in HUVECs. The Npr1+/− mice presented an elevated systolic blood pressure and their vessels became insensitive to endothelial‐dependent vasodilators. Further, vessels from Npr1+/− mice increased Cdkn1a but decreased eNos expressions. These phenotypes were rescued by intravenously administrated 8‐Br‐cGMP and viral overexpression of human PKG, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate NPRA/PKG/AMPK as a novel and critical signaling axis in the modulation of endothelial cell senescence, vascular aging, and hypertension.
Evidence for high breakpoint variability in 46, XX, SRY‐positive testicular disorder and frequent ARSE deletion that may be associated with short stature
Authors: Capron Céline , Januel Louis , Vieville Gaëlle , Jaillard Sylvie , Kuentz Paul , Salaun Gaëlle , Nadeau Gwenaël , Clement Patrice , Brechard Marie Pierre , Herve Bérénice , Dupont Jean Michel , Gruchy Nicolas , Chambon Pascal , Abdelhedi Fatma , Dahlen Eric , Vago Philippe , Harbuz Radu , Plotton Ingrid , Coutton Charles , Belaud‐Rotureau Marc‐Antoine , Schluth‐Bolard Caroline , Vialard François
Published: August 2022

Background

The translocation ofSRYonto one of the two X chromosomes results in a 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development; this is supposedly because of non‐allelic homologous recombination between the protein kinase X gene (PRKX) and the inverted protein kinase Y pseudogene (PRKY). Although 46,XXSRY‐positive men are infertile, the literature data indicate that some of these individuals are of short stature (relative to the general population). We sought to determine whether short stature was linked to additional, more complex chromosomal rearrangements.

Methods

Twelve laboratories gathered detailed clinical, anthropomorphic, cytogenetic and genetic data (including chromosome microarray data) on patients with 46,XXSRY‐positive male syndrome.

Results

SRYwas present (suggesting a der(X)t(X;Y)) in 34 of the 38 cases (89.5%). When considering only the 20 patients with chromosome microarray data, we identified several chromosomal rearrangements and breakpoints, especially on the X chromosome. In the five cases for whom the X chromosome breakpoint was located in the pseudoautosomal region, there was partial duplication of the derivate X chromosome. In contrast, in the 15 cases for whom the breakpoint was located downstream of the pseudoautosomal region, part of the derivate X chromosome had been deleted (included the arylsulfatase E [ARSE] gene in 11 patients). For patients with versus withoutARSEdeletion, the mean height was, respectively, 167.7 ± 4.5 and 173.1 ± 4.0 cm; this difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.1005).

Conclusion

Although 46,XXSRY‐positive male syndromes were mainly because of imbalanced crossover between the X and Y chromosome during meiosis, the breakpoints differed markedly from one patient to another (especially on the X chromosome); this suggests the presence of a replication‐based mechanism for recombination between non‐homologous sequences. In some patients, the translocation ofSRYto the X chromosome was associated withARSEgene deletion, which might have led to short stature. With a view to explaining this disorder of sex development, whole exome sequencing could be suggested forSRY‐negative patients.
Identification of the optimal medical and surgical management for patients with perianal fistulising Crohn's disease
Authors: Laland Mathilde , François Marie , D'Amico Ferdinando , Zallot Camille , Brochard Charlène , Dewitte Marie , Siproudhis Laurent , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Bouguen Guillaume
Published: August 2022

Aim

The aim of our study was to assess the best medical and surgical approaches for perianal Crohn's disease (PCD) in order to identify an optimal combined medical and surgical treatment.

Methods

Medical records of all patients with PCD treated with TNFα antagonists in two referral centres between 1998 and 2018 were reviewed. Predictors of long‐term outcomes were identified using a Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

A total of 200 patients were included. Fifty‐three patients (26.5%) were treated with adalimumab and 147 (73.5%) with infliximab. A combination of TNFα antagonist with an immunosuppressant and the presence of proctitis were independently associated with fistula closure. Seton was placed in 127 patients (63.5%) before starting biological therapy. Eighty patients (40%) underwent additional perineal surgery. Prior PCD surgery, seton positioning, additional perineal surgery, and additional surgery within 52 weeks of anti‐TNFα treatment were associated with an increased rate of fistula closure. Finally, medical combination therapy (anti‐TNFα plus immunosuppressant) along with seton placement and additional surgery within 1 year was the best management for PCD patients (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Combined medical and surgical management is required for the treatment of PCD patients. Medical combination therapy associated with seton placement and additional surgery within 1 year is the best management for PCD patients.
Inflammatory lobular hemangioma (T‐cell‐rich angiomatoid polypoid pseudolymphoma)—Assessment of FOS/FOSB and lymphoid markers and comparison with epithelioid hemangioma
Authors: Vargas Ana Cristina , Maclean Fiona M. , Tsu Kwan Yee , Ma Leanne , Moir Denis
Published: August 2022

Background

T‐cell‐rich angiomatoid polypoid pseudolymphoma (TRAPP) and inflammatory lobular hemangioma (ILH) encompass a spectrum of cutaneous vascular lesions in which a prominent lymphoplasmacytic component may impart a pattern highly reminiscent of low‐grade cutaneous lymphoma (pseudolymphoma). Epithelioid hemangioma, including its most common variant angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE), is a distinct entity associated with FOS and/or FOSB expression detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). These entities can show significant morphological overlap.

Methods

We performed IHC for FOSB, FOS, and lymphoid markers in a series of TRAPP/ILH and ALHE.

Results

We identified 13 cases of ILH/TRAPP, which showed a predominance in CD8+ T‐cells (CD8>CD4: 11/13) while FOSB and FOS were expressed in 36% (4/11) and 27% (3/11) of cases, respectively. ALHE (n = 9) showed a predominance in CD4+ T‐cell (67%) with FOSB and FOS co‐expression in 78% (seven of nine) of the cases.

Conclusion

We showed, based on FOS and/or FOSB immunohistochemical expression, that there is a possible link between ILH/TRAPP and epithelioid hemangioma/ALHE. The use of FOS and FOSB IHC in the routine diagnostic setting of cutaneous vascular lesions will help to redefine cases of ILH/TRAPP as a subset of these may represent inflammatory variants of epithelioid hemangioma.
Parametric or nonparametric statistical tests: Considerations when choosing the most appropriate option for your data
Authors: Vrbin Colleen M.
Published: August 2022

This article serves as the second in a series that offers recommendations for optimal data reporting, specifically focusing on statistical methods most frequently reported by the Cytopathology audience. The inaugural article, Recommendations for reporting statistical results when comparing proportions, dealt with the most common category of reported statistical tests over 2.5 years of Cytopathology articles—comparing proportions. Comparing samples using t tests, Mann–Whitney U, analysis of variance, and Kruskal‐Wallis tests was another common category of statistical test reported among this audience. An important distinction between these tests is based on whether the samples follow a normal distribution. Therefore, Parametric or nonparametric statistical tests: Choosing the most appropriate option for your data is the second topic in the series. While this article will review considerations when selecting parametric or nonparametric statistical tests, an extensive review of each method is beyond the scope of this summary. The author encourages the reader to consult with a trained statistician to map out a thorough analytical plan (including their recommendations for the appropriate statistical test[s] to use) prior to data collection.
Feasibility of red dichromatic imaging in hemostasis for postendoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding
Authors: Nakamura Risa , Toyonaga Haruka , Katanuma Akio
Published: August 2022

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Transient amplification enhances the persistence of tropicalising coral assemblages in marginal high‐latitude environments
Authors: Cant James , Cook Katie M. , Reimer James D. , Mezaki Takuma , Nakamura Masako , O'Flaherty Cliodhna , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto , Beger Maria
Published: August 2022

Predicting the viability of species exposed to increasing climatic stress requires an appreciation for the mechanisms underpinning the success or failure of marginal populations. Rather than traditional metrics of long‐term population performance, here we illustrate that short‐term (i.e. transient) demographic characteristics, including measures of resistance, recovery and compensation, are fundamental in the poleward range expansion of hard corals, facilitating the establishment of coral populations at higher latitudes. Through the annual census of subtropical and temperate Acropora spp. colonies in Japan between 2017 and 2019, we show how enhanced transient amplification (i.e. short‐term increases in population growth following disturbance) supports the persistence of coral assemblages within more variable high‐latitude environments. The transient dynamics of both the subtropical and temperate assemblages were strongly influenced by their corresponding recruitment patterns. However, we demonstrate that variation in colony survival and fragmentation patterns between the two assemblages determines their relative capacities for transient amplification. This latitudinal variation in the transient dynamics of Acropora spp. assemblages emphasizes that coral populations can possess the demographic plasticity necessary for exploiting more variable, marginal conditions.
Evolution of the therian face through complete loss of the premaxilla
Authors: Higashiyama Hiroki , Koyabu Daisuke , Kurihara Hiroki
Published: August 2022

The anatomical framework of the jawbones is highly conserved among most of the Osteichthyes, including the tetrapods. However, our recent study suggested that the premaxilla, the rostralmost upper jaw bone, was rearranged during the evolution of therian mammals, being replaced by the septomaxilla at least in the lateral part. In the present study, to understand more about the process of evolution from the ancestral upper jaw to the therian face, we re‐examined the development of the therian premaxilla (incisive bone). By comparing mouse, bat, goat, and cattle fetuses, we confirmed that the therian premaxilla has dual developmental origins, the lateral body and the palatine process. This dual development is widely conserved among the therian mammals. Cell‐lineage‐tracing experiments usingDlx1‐CreERT2mice revealed that the palatine process arises in the ventral part of the premandibular domain, where the nasopalatine nerve distributes, whereas the lateral body develops from the maxillary prominence in the domain of the maxillary nerve. Through comparative analysis using various tetrapods, we concluded that the palatine process should not be considered part of the ancestral premaxilla. It rather corresponds to the anterior region of the vomerine bone of nonmammalian tetrapods. Thus, the present findings indicate that the true premaxilla was completely lost during the evolution of the therian mammals, resulting in the establishment of the unique therian face as an evolutionary novelty. Reconsideration of the homological framework of the cranial skeleton based on the topographical relationships of the ossification center during embryonic development is warranted.
Largely unaffected auditory and visual sensory processing phenotypes in the evoked potentials of Fmr1 KO2 mice
Authors: Kat Renate , Kas Martien J. H.
Published: August 2022

Sensory sensitivity symptoms are common in autism spectrum disorders and fragile X syndrome. Mainly in the auditory modality, disturbed processing has been found in both fragile X patients and the corresponding genetic mouse model, the Fmr1 knockout mouse. Here, we tried to replicate the auditory deficits and assess whether also visual processing is affected, using electroencephalography readouts under freely behaving conditions in the second‐generation Fmr1 knockout mice. No differences between wild‐type and knockout animals were found in single auditory and visual evoked potentials in response to pure sine tones and full‐field light flashes. Visual sensory gating was enhanced in the early but not the late components of the evoked potentials, but no changes were found in auditory sensory gating. The higher harmonics of the synchronisation response to flickering visual stimuli seemed to be reduced with 10, but not 20 or 40 Hz, stimulation. However, this effect was not reproduced in an independent second cohort of animals. No synchronisation differences were found in response to a chirp stimulus, of which the frequency steadily increased. Taken together, this study could not reproduce earlier reported increased amplitudes in auditory responses, nor could it convincingly show that synchronisation deficits found to be present in the auditory modality also existed in the visual modality. The discrepancies within this study as well as between various studies assessing sensory processing in the Fmr1 KO raise questions about the external validity of these phenotypes and warrant careful interpretation of these phenotypes.
Biodiversity on private land: Lessons from theMid‐MurrayValley in South‐eastern Australia
Authors: Ward Wesley S. , Bond Jennifer , Burge Louise , Conallin John , Finlayson Colin (Max) , Michael Damian , Scoullar Shelley , Vanderzee Michael , Wettenhall Adam
Published: August 2022

In this article, we use an autoethnographic approach to explore relationships between landholders and government agencies and natural resource management projects. We use this exploration to argue for a holistic, collaborative approach to decision making around the implementation of biodiversity conservation on private and public land. This approach aligns with principles underpinning reconciliation ecology, which emphasises the inclusion of grass‐roots communities for promoting biodiversity conservation in human‐dominated landscapes where approaches to the management of natural resources may be contested. We present three projects (Environmental Champions; Fencing Incentive programmes; Plains‐wanderer programme) and other research from the Mid‐Murray Valley region of southern New South Wales to highlight the positive and negative aspects of relationships between landholders and others in natural resource management. We argue that for a more collaborative approach; we need to build relationships based on understanding, trust, respect, ownership and partnerships between rural communities, landholders, education and research institutions and government agencies as recognised in reconciliation ecology.
Differentiation of subclinical and clinical electrographic events in long‐term electroencephalographic recordings
Authors: Castillo Rodriguez Maria de los Angeles , Brandt Armin , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas
Published: August 2022

Objective

With the advent of ultra‐long‐term recordings for monitoring of epilepsies, the interpretation of results of isolated electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings covering only selected brain regions attracts considerable interest. In this context, the question arises of whether detected ictal EEG patterns correspond to clinically manifest seizures or rather to purely electrographic events, that is, subclinical events.

Methods

EEG patterns from 268 clinical seizures and 252 subclinical electrographic events from 50 patients undergoing video‐EEG monitoring were analyzed. Features extracted included predominant frequency band, duration, association with rhythmic muscle artifacts, spatial extent, and propagation patterns. Classification using logistic regression was performed based on data from the whole dataset of 10–20 system EEG recordings and from a subset of two temporal electrode contacts.

Results

Correct separation of clinically manifest and purely electrographic events based on 10–20 system EEG recordings was possible in up to 83.8% of events, depending on the combination of features included. Correct classification based on two‐channel recordings was only slightly inferior, achieving 78.6% accuracy; 74.4% and 74.8%, respectively, of events could be correctly classified when using duration alone with either electrode set, although classification accuracies were lower for some subgroups of seizures, particularly focal aware seizures and epileptic arousals.

Significance

A correct classification of subclinical versus clinical EEG events was possible in 74%–83% of events based on full EEG recordings, and in 74%–78% when considering only a subset of two electrodes, matching the channel number available from new implantable diagnostic devices. This is a promising outcome, suggesting that ultra‐long‐term low‐channel EEG recordings may provide sufficient information for objective seizure diaries. Intraindividual optimization using high numbers of ictal events may further improve separation, provided that supervised learning with external validation is feasible.
Predictive maintenance for offshore oil wells by means of deep learning features extraction
Authors: Gatta Federico , Giampaolo Fabio , Chiaro Diletta , Piccialli Francesco
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, the great diffusion of the Internet of Things and the improvements in Artificial Intelligence techniques have given a rise in the development and application of data‐driven approaches for Predictive Maintenance to reduce the costs linked to the maintenance of industrial machinery. Due to the wide real‐life applications and the strong interest by even more industries, this field is highly attractive for academics and practitioners. So, constructing efficient frameworks to address the Predictive Maintenance problem is an open debate. In this work, we propose a Deep Learning approach for the feature extraction in the offshore oil wells monitoring context, exploiting the public 3 W dataset, which is well‐known in the literature. The dataset is made up of about 2000 multivariate time series labelled according to the corresponding functioning of the well. So, there is a classification task with eight classes, each related to a particular machinery condition. Thanks to the peculiarities of the labels, the proposed framework is valid both for diagnostics and prognostics. In more detail, we compare two different approaches in feature extraction. The first is a statistical approach, widely used in the literature related to the considered dataset; the second is based on Convolutional 1D AutoEncoder. The extracted features are then used as input for several Machine Learning algorithms, namely the Random Forest, Nearest Neighbours, Gaussian Naive Bayes and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis. Different experiments on various time horizons prove the worthiness of the Convolutional AutoEncoder.
WHO DO WE SEE IN THE PROTAGONIST OF THE CAPTAIN (2017)?
Authors: Gortat Jakub
Published: August 2022

The Captain (Der Hauptmann), directed by Robert Schwentke, was the German director's first film with a German crew and in his native language since 2003. It was screened in German cinemas in March 2018 and met with a mixed response from the press. In this article I analyse the film, with the main emphasis being on the question of identification with the film and its protagonist. I employ a number of concepts from psychoanalytic film theory to argue that The Captain has the potential to compel its audience to ask questions about human nature, for example, whether war is the only prerequisite for an individual to transform from an ‘ordinary’ person into a villain. Another question is how the audience might react to the presence of motifs which are symbolic representations of Holocaust victims. The use of such images underlines the ruthlessness of the main character of the film and strengthens the contrast between his physical appearance and his hideous crimes.
Diagnosis of hepatic steatosis based on ultrasound attenuation imaging is not influenced by liver fibrosis
Authors: Yuri Minako , Nishimura Takashi , Tada Toshifumi , Yoshida Masahiro , Fujiwara Aoi , Kawata Shoki , Yoshihara Kohei , Yoshioka Ryota , Ota Shogo , Nakano Ryota , Yuri Yukihisa , Takashima Tomoyuki , Aizawa Nobuhiro , Ikeda Naoto , Shiomi Hideyuki , Ide Yoshi‐Hiro , Enomoto Hirayuki , Yasuhiro Fujimoto , Yano Hirohisa , Iijima Hiroko
Published: August 2022

Aim

Recently, a new technique using attenuation imaging (ATI) was developed to diagnose hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ATI for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis is influenced by liver fibrosis.

Methods

A total of 328 patients with chronic liver disease were enrolled to study the associations between histological hepatic steatosis or liver fibrosis and ATI findings. The interaction between liver fibrosis and ATI was also analyzed.

Results

Median ATI values according to steatosis grade and fibrosis stage increased in line with the progression of liver steatosis (p < 0.001) and fibrosis (p < 0.05). However, in each steatosis grade, ATI values according to fibrosis stage were not significantly increased. In multiple regression analyses for assessment of the effect of their interaction, the p values for fibrosis stage, steatosis grade, and fibrosis stage × steatosis grade were 0.096, <0.001, and 0.077, respectively. Variance inflation factor values for fibrosis stage, steatosis grade, and fibrosis stage × steatosis grade were 1.079, 1.094, and 1.074, respectively.

Conclusion

Attenuation imaging values are not influenced by liver fibrosis.
Prevalence of root canal treatment worldwide: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: León‐López María , Cabanillas‐Balsera Daniel , Martín‐González Jenifer , Montero‐Miralles Paloma , Saúco‐Márquez Juan J. , Segura‐Egea Juan J.
Published: August 2022

Background

The prevalence of root filled teeth (RFT) worldwide will inform about the amount of clinical activity of dentists dedicated to treat endodontic disease.

Objectives

To carry out a systematic review with meta‐analysis answering the following question: What is the prevalence of RFT around the world? The percentage of people with at least one RFT was also investigated.

Methods

A systematic review including population‐based studies using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE and Scielo. Studies related to prevalence of RFT were included. The outcome of interest of the study was the prevalence of RFT. The meta‐analyses were calculated with the Open Meta Analyst software to determine the global prevalence of RFT. Subgroups analyses were performed comparing geographical distribution, radiographic method and year of the study (classified in 20th or 21th century). The prevalence of people with at least one RFT was also analysed.

Results

Seventy‐four population‐based studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐eight, forty‐four and two studies reported high, moderate and low risk of bias, respectively. No obvious publication bias was observed. Prevalence of RFT was estimated with 1 201 255 teeth and 32 162 patients. The calculated worldwide prevalence of RFT was 8.2% (95% CI = 7.3%–9.1%;p < .001). The global prevalence of people with at least one RFT was 55.7% (95% CI = 49.6%–61.8%;p < .001). In 20th century, the prevalence of RFT was 10.2% (95% CI = 7.9%–12.5%;p < .001), whereas in the 21st century the overall calculated prevalence of RFT was 7.5% (95% CI = 6.5%–8.6%;p < .001). Brazilian people (12%) and the European population (9.3%) showed the highest prevalence of RFT. In Europe, 59.6% (95% CI = 52.4%–66.8%) of people has at least one RFT.

Conclusions

This review showed that root canal treatment is a very common therapy throughout the world. More than half of the studied population have at least one RFT. A limitation of the present study is that most of the studies did not consider random sampling for population selection.

Registration

PROSPERO Systematic review registration number: (CRD42022329053).