bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMS OF CONTEXT AND CONCEPTUAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Gorelova Irina Valerievna , Arpentieva Mariam Ravilievna
Published: June 2018

The aim of the study is to pay attention to the formation and implementation of a conceptual approach to management that is relevant to modern conditions. Conceptual management, as opposed to contextual management, allows to identify its elements, functionality, and, most importantly, to determine and balance the role of the subject and the object. The existing management concepts are eclectically presented in the Russian discourse and management practices. The system of professional standards developed in the country is designed to solve a whole range of management problems. However, the non-conceptual use of professional standards carries more harm than good, proving in parallel the existence of the national model of management, the main feature of which is the imbalance of subject–object communication. The article reveals the problems of the use of professional standards in respect of two categories of workers — Junior medical personnel and civil servants. Failure to comply with the requirements of the professional standard of the first category of employees threatens transfer to another lower position. Failure to comply with the requirements of the professional standard of civil servants does not entail any liability. The latter is shown by the example of targeting and formulation of texts of regional strategies. The presence of strategies is an incentive for the development of territories of any administrative level. However, the absence of an algorithm for compiling and evaluating such documents, analyzing the practices of their implementation, leveling the importance of this aspect in the system of assessing the activities of authorities leads to the fact that this tool of strategic management remains unclaimed in the system of territorial management. Two aspects of the problem of territorial strategizing are covered: (1) justification of the reasons — consequences of formulation of poor-quality strategies; (2) search of methodology of the analysis of texts of documents of strategies. The roots of the first problem should be found in the imbalance of subject–object communication in the national management model. To solve the second problem, the author proposes to use SEO analysis tools as a methodology for evaluating strategy texts. This tool solves the problem of auditing territorial strategies in the context of administrative, socio-psychological and linguistic aspects of civil servants.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITY AND VALUES IN LOCAL, NATIONAL AND VIRTUAL SPACE
Authors: Kotovska Olha Petrivna
Published: June 2018

The article reveals the study of the contemporary meaning of identity and values in local and national dimensions, as well as their analysis in the context of the virtual reality, constructed during the last decades. On the basis of theoretical background, historical analogies and practical examples, the author shows the influence of values on the identity formation, focuses on the problem of the erosion of traditional and the formation of new identities. If to compare conditions of Ukrainian national identity constructing with those western European peoples, which were formed as nations at their own state borders, Ukrainian national identity was shaped in imagined by Ukrainians space. Institutional differences in the creation of the first Ukrainian political organizations in Lviv and Kyiv clearly represent a very important component — divided by the border between two empires Ukrainians were constantly connected by the idea of their unity. The historical context and the unfinished cycle of independent formation of Ukrainian national and socio-political identitys strengthen the need to create a socio-cultural identity on the basis of an archetypal approach. The article also represents contemporary challenges, which Ukrainian state faces in conditions of hybrid warfare and which are provoked by the manipulation of information and stereotypes. Incorporating concrete examples, the author shows how stereotypes influence on one’s own behavior and estimation of any phenomenon; determine the limits of personal choices. At the same time virtual space changes image of oneself, self-identity and the community which a person identifies “the Self” with. From one point of view, virtual reality opens huge amount of possibilities for personal self-realization, from another, it can be a source for manipulations of information in the individual, state or international levels.
ARCHETYPAL PRINCIPLES BEHIND POLITICAL SPACE REALIGNMENT
Authors: Plakhtiy Taras Oleksiiovych
Published: June 2018

Based on our archetypal model of interaction of political party members, we have provided a rationale for and developed a strategy for their activation, involving a willful and conscious choice and introduction by leaders of an integrated set of organizational instruments for streamlining the activity of party units that can ensure direct management of recurrent situations and contexts of competitive interaction in order to prevent initiation and maintenance of interpersonal and intergroup conflicts within such units. Implementation of this strategy is based on launching and using a natural, biologically determined source of activation of political party members, supported by neurohumoral reactions in their brain aimed to carry out the ranking process in competitive interaction situations that coherently occur and transform into situations of cooperation within the framework of an integrated set of organizational tools introduced by leaders. Analysis of the main components of the proposed version of such a set (namely, our method of conflictless teamwork of large groups of people in a dynamic network in combination with strategic planning as a well-known methodology of activity) based on the three basic principles of social psychology attests to its potential to activate party members in the process of their collective activity in the framework of party units. In our opinion, by opting for the recommended integrated set of organizational tools, politicians will help political parties to generate their internal moral code and to spread it outward in the absence or weakening of an external moral code, similarly to the Protestant one, for instance, which to a large extent governed the making of the modern Western world. By creating the initial “crystal” of a new social construction based on the proposed variant of such a set politicians will be able to establish a new generation of political parties through its multiplication, self-propagation and self-dissemination among elite groups, and subsequently to restructure the majority of other organizations following this model in order to overcome the growing social complexity, which over time will lead to realignment of the political space at both national and global levels.
REINTERPRETATION OF THE ARCHETYPES OF THE “DIVINE CHILD” IN THE ASPECT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Authors: Yaremenko Natalia Volodymyrivna , Kolomiets Natalia Yevhenivna
Published: June 2018

The article makes an attempt to clarify the specifics of the reinterpretation of the “Divine Child” archetype in the aspect of implementing the Sustainable Development Program adopted in September 2015 by the decision of the UN General Assembly. The main ways of overcoming the current crisis of education are identified through the formation of new mental invariants of the basic first elements of culture through clarifying the meanings of archetypes, the formation of new layers and the production of values. It is suggested that such reinterpretation is a significant step towards creating a balanced model of the global community, since the reorientation of the paradigm of public consciousness necessitates the reform of the education system. Actualization of the “Divine Child” archetype in the aspect of implementing the Sustainable Development Program demonstrates the modification of the cultural heritage of mankind in a global society. The child, however, is the archetypal foundation of the very first being. The transformation of the original archetype into the modern life flow is due to value orientations, mental structures, religious-spiritual concepts and socio-cultural requirements of the day. The authors emphasize that the semantic center of comprehension of the problem of childhood is the archetype “Divine Child”, which acts as a matrix of collective unconscious experience and is realized in reality. In the article it was found, in particular, that, regardless of the cultural orientations of the age, the semantic center of childhood is based on the understanding that the younger generation is carrying out a renewal of life and in the future will form a new world order. Therefore, it is necessary to transfer education from simply reproducing knowledge and skills to the competencies necessary for existence in a modern dynamic society.
VoScreen Online Foreign Language Learning Environment
Authors: Taylan Ufuk
Published: June 2018

Foreign language education in our schools has not increased the foreign language
level of the students. We can enhance the foreign language levels of the students by
providing them with the tools for teaching foreign languages and using them outside
of the school. In this study, VoScreen web and mobile application, which is applied in
order to develop foreign language listening skill has been introduced. VoScreen
provides a new approach to foreign language teaching for making foreign language
teaching interesting. The VoScreen application, which consists of short videos, can
help students to improve listening skills. VoScreen offers a ranking system based on
score which constitutes a sense of competition among students. VoScreen can help
students to develop their attitudes towards foreign language courses in a positive way
and help students to reach foreign language levels to the intended/ aimed level
A review of Current Studies of Mobile Learning
Authors: Sönmez Abdulvahap , Göçmez Lütfiye , Uygun Derya , Ataizi Murat
Published: June 2018

Technological developments
influence educational systems. It has been understood that educational
environments are not limited to schools. With the use of computers and the
internet in educational systems, occasions to access information have changed,
and such concepts as mobile learning have occurred. In recent years, mobile
learning (m-learning) has been an important component of distance education.
For that reason, the
aim of this study is to summarize and synthesize research findings in the
literature by employing literature review. On this basis, research published
between 2013 and 2017 was included to the content of this study.  Throughout the research, 11 research articles
were found and 9 of them were selected. Purposes, methodologies, and outcomes of
these researches were explained. Therefore, the study is considered to be important
since it tried to reveal the related research trends of mobile learning.
Revisiting Entanglement within the Bohmian Approach to Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Zander Claudia , Plastino Angel Ricardo
Published: June 2018

We revisit the concept of entanglement within the Bohmian approach to quantum mechanics. Inspired by Bohmian dynamics, we introduce two partial measures for the amount of entanglement corresponding to a pure state of a pair of quantum particles. One of these measures is associated with the statistical correlations exhibited by the joint probability density of the two Bohmian particles in configuration space. The other partial measure corresponds to the correlations associated with the phase of the joint wave function, and describes the non-separability of the Bohmian velocity field. The sum of these two components is equal to the total entanglement of the joint quantum state, as measured by the linear entropy of the single-particle reduced density matrix.
Deciding DUT Proper Functionality in Non Metrological Measurements
Authors: Růžička Z.
Published: June 2018

Establishing the criterion for whether a device under test (DUT) operates correctly or not is a complex issue. For devices used in a military setting, it is essential to know if the equipment will perform accurately under adverse conditions. In this paper, the example of testing resistive temperature sensors demonstrates how to manage the evaluation of errors expressed as uncertainties and tolerances. These sensors’ errors are used to address the total standard uncertainty, to determine the effective degree of freedom and to determine the coverage probability for deriving the coverage factor to establish the Student’s quantile as the specific criteria relating to the DUT results.
Detection of Attacks Causing Network Service Denial
Authors: Ďurčeková V. , Schwartz L. , Hottmar V. , Adamec B.
Published: June 2018

This article deals with ICT security and particularly the Denial of Service (DoS) executed on the application layer. The main objective of the article is to describe the original algorithm designed for timely detection of DoS application attacks and, subsequently, on the results of experimental verification of the designed process. This algorithm is focused on the detection of HTTP GET Flood attack, which will cause a crash of the attacked server. Appropriate detection of attack from the analysis of incoming traffic is able to prevent a crash of server from happening. To detect such an attack, an original algorithm designed by our team was used.
A Personal Reminiscence: Why Steinbeck Matters to Me
Authors: Ray William
Published: June 2018

The anniversary of John Steinbeck's death is cause for celebration and for examining how and why he still matters to readers fifty years later. This reader came to Steinbeck late in life, aided by luck, leisure, and help from friends like Christopher Hitchens, whose writing about Steinbeck and George Orwell, the writer who mattered most to Hitchens, became a map and key to connections that reveal much about Steinbeck that is missed when he is read in isolation. The reader's education and life experience are brought to bear as proof of Steinbeck's enduring value, and a counterstatement on Steinbeck by Peter Hitchens is offered as evidence that Steinbeck mattered differently but deeply to two readers who were as different as Cain and Abel. Passages from Orwell, Steinbeck, and Edward Ricketts are quoted and compared to show how growing up as Episcopalians gave them a common grounding and frame of reference, and their funeral arrangements are described and compared to show how atheists retain a respect for ritual and scripture. Recent writing by and about Joan Didion is cited as evidence that reading Steinbeck opens new vistas on other writers and past experience.
Polarization‐Sensitive Momentum‐Matching Interlayer Excitons for Infrared Photodetection
Authors: Che Zelin , Deng Wenjie , Li Jingzhen , Zhao Chen , Wang Fakun , Wu Yi , Wang Qi Jie , Qiu Chengwei , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: November 2024

2D materials hold potential for developing low‐cost, high‐performance broadband polarized infrared photodetectors. However, the development of 2D broadband polarized infrared photodetectors is largely constrained by the fixed bandgap spectral (cutoff wavelength) limitations of available semiconductors. Here, an approach is presented that leverages anisotropic interlayer excitons (IEXs) within a type‐II van der Waals heterojunction, achieving polarization photoresponse beyond the intrinsic bandgap spectral limits of its constituent semiconductors. By constructing heterojunctions using CrPS4 and ReS2, a unique type‐II band alignment, enabling strong anisotropic optical excitation is achieved through the interlayer sub‐bandgap, which is lower than the intrinsic bandgaps of both CrPS4 and ReS2. The heterojunction exhibits a responsivity of 0.3 A W−1 and a polarization ratio of 1.3 at an incident photon energy of 0.8 eV, comparable to naturally anisotropic materials with intrinsic bandgaps. Additionally, the potential of anisotropic IEXs is demonstrated for dual‐band polarization detection by introducing a ReS2/CrPS4/MoS2 heterojunctions with distinct inte rlayer sub‐bandgaps. This flexible design of IEXs offers a new platform for multi‐dimensional optical sensing and on‐chip optoelectronic applications.
3D‐Printed Polymeric Biomaterials for Health Applications
Authors: Zhu Yuxiang , Guo Shenghan , Ravichandran Dharneedar , Ramanathan Arunachalam , Sobczak M. Taylor , Sacco Alaina F. , Patil Dhanush , Thummalapalli Sri Vaishnavi , Pulido Tiffany V. , Lancaster Jessica N. , Yi Johnny , Cornella Jeffrey L. , Lott David G. , Chen Xiangfan , Mei Xuan , Zhang Yu Shrike , Wang Linbing , Wang Xianqiao , Zhao Yiping , Hassan Mohammad K. , Chambers Lindsay B. , Theobald Taylor G. , Yang Sui , Liang Liang , Song Kenan
Published: November 2024

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, holds immense potential for rapid prototyping and customized production of functional health‐related devices. With advancements in polymer chemistry and biomedical engineering, polymeric biomaterials have become integral to 3D‐printed biomedical applications. However, there still exists a bottleneck in the compatibility of polymeric biomaterials with different 3D printing methods, as well as intrinsic challenges such as limited printing resolution and rates. Therefore, this review aims to introduce the current state‐of‐the‐art in 3D‐printed functional polymeric health‐related devices. It begins with an overview of the landscape of 3D printing techniques, followed by an examination of commonly used polymeric biomaterials. Subsequently, examples of 3D‐printed biomedical devices are provided and classified into categories such as biosensors, bioactuators, soft robotics, energy storage systems, self‐powered devices, and data science in bioplotting. The emphasis is on exploring the current capabilities of 3D printing in manufacturing polymeric biomaterials into desired geometries that facilitate device functionality and studying the reasons for material choice. Finally, an outlook with challenges and possible improvements in the near future is presented, projecting the contribution of general 3D printing and polymeric biomaterials in the field of healthcare.
Strain‐Induced Tunable Enhancement of Piezoelectricity in a Novel Molecular Multiferroic Material
Authors: Pan Qiang , Xiong Yu‐An , Sha Tai‐Ting , Feng Zi‐Jie , Zhou Ru‐Jie , Yao Jie , Hu Hui‐Hui , You Yu‐Meng
Published: November 2024

Multiferroics are appealing because of application potentials in data storage devices, sensors, transducers, and energy harvesters. Molecular multiferroics emerge as a promising alternative to inorganic multiferroics due to flexibility, light weight, low toxicity, solution processing, structural diversity, and chemical tunability. While researches have predominantly focused on perovskite structures, studies on molecular ionic multiferroics remain relatively limited. It is urgent to creatively build a novel platform for studying and developing the coupling and interaction between the stress, electricity, and magnetism. Knowing this, the work focuses on a novel organic–inorganic hybrid multiferroic N‐ethyl‐N‐(fluoromethyl)‐N‐methylethylammonium tetrabromoferrate (III) showing coexisting magnetic and electric orderings. It undergoes antiferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and ferroelastic transitions. Notably, under a strain of 2.0%, the piezoelectric response increases tenfold, and the coercive field of ferroelectric polarization is reduced by half. The strain‐induced enhancement of piezoelectricity is rarely reported in molecular multiferroics. Density functional theory is employed to predict that the mechanism of the large piezoelectric response under strain engineering is related to the cation rotation and phase switching between the stable phase and an energetically competitive metastable phase. This study creates a new paradigm to develop molecular multiferroics and future microelectronic devices for energy conversion.
Unlocking the Trade‐off Between Intrinsic and Interfacial Thermal Transport of Boron Nitride Nanosheets by Surface Functionalization for Advanced Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: An Lulu , An Meng , Yao Bing , Song Jiangnan , Zhang Xing , Ma Weigang
Published: November 2024

The increasing computing power of AI presents a major challenge for high‐power chip solution and heat dissipation. Boron nitride nanosheet‐based thermal interface materials (BNNS‐based TIMs) exhibit excellent electrical insulation property, ensuring the secure and stable operation of chips. However, the efficiency of micro/nano interfacial thermal transport is limited, impeding further enhancements in the thermal conductivity (TC) of BNNS‐based TIMs. Here, a strategy of surface functionalization is reported to unlock the trade‐off between the intrinsic and interfacial thermal transport of BNNS within TIMs. These results suggest that the surface functionalization maintains the intrinsic high TC of BNNS while significantly increasing binding energy between micro/nano interfaces in BNNS‐based TIMs, effectively reducing interfacial thermal resistance of BNNS joint interfaces and interfaces between BNNSs and the matrix by 50% and 26.1%, respectively. The BNNS‐based TIMs exhibit excellent TC (≈21–25 W/(m·K)) and ultralow Young's modulus, which can promote the development of flexible high‐performance chip cooling technology in the AI industry.
Powder‐Sintered Hierarchically Porous PMMA with Optimal Pore Parameters for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Li Yupeng , Zhao Hui , Meng Xiangren , Zhao Yishu , Liu Haodong , Lei Mingkai , Lakhtakia Akhlesh
Published: November 2024

Porous radiative cooling polymers have drawn significant attention for passive daytime cooling due to their desirable cooling performance and easy scalability. Since optimal pore parameters (i.e., pore diameter and porosity) will enhance light scattering, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powders are sintered to fabricate samples with different pore parameters by the one‐step full‐dry powder sintering method. These samples have a hierarchically porous structure with pore diameters <5.0 µm. The most porous sample has 43% porosity, 0.964 reflectance in the 0.3–2.5 µm wavelength range, and 0.967 emittance in 8–13 µm wavelength range (which is the atmospheric window). The measured cooling temperature difference decreases when the porosity is low for hierarchically porous PMMA with similar pore size distribution. The high sub‐ambient cooling temperature reduction provided by hierarchically porous PMMA with optimal pore parameters is due to high solar reflectance when illuminated by the sun. Similar cooling trends are evident when sunlight is simulated by a Xenon lamp and an optical filter. The powder‐sintered hierarchically porous PMMA with optimal pore parameters can be an excellent radiative cooler for passive daytime cooling applications.
Electrochemical Nanoimprinting of Colored Infrared Reflective Patterns for Radiative Heating
Authors: Woo Ho Kun , Qian Boqiang , Sultana Papia , Zhou Kai , Ferreira Placid , Cai Lili
Published: November 2024

Metallic nanostructures hold immense promise for radiative heating technology because of their distinctive capability to simultaneously achieve high mid‐infrared reflectance and generate vibrant colors through structural or plasmonic effects. However, fabricating metallic nanostructures remains challenging using traditional top–down techniques. Here, the solid‐state superionic stamping (S4) process is demonstrated as a scalable and economical tool to electrochemically imprint metallic grid nano‐patterns onto flexible substrates. With precise control over grid width and length at the nanoscale, the S4 approach enables the fabrication of nano‐patterned grid coatings exhibiting a spectrum of colors. These coatings also show high mid‐infrared reflectance exceeding 80% at 9.5 µm, leading to radiative heating effects of 5.9 and 3.1 °C compared to bare skin and cotton, respectively. This work introduces a viable strategy for creating colored infrared‐reflective patterns, paving the way for diverse thermal management applications.
Self‐Healing Hyaluronic Acid‐based Hydrogel with miRNA140‐5p Loaded MON‐PEI Nanoparticles for Chondrocyte Regeneration: Schiff Base Self‐Assembly Approach
Authors: Zhu Wei , Wang Han , Feng Bin , Liu Guangli , Bian Yixin , Zhao Tianhao , Wang Qi , Weng Xisheng
Published: November 2024

Articular cartilage defects present a significant therapeutic challenge due to the inherent avascular and aneural characteristics of cartilage tissue. Gene therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cartilage regeneration, particularly through the use of functional RNA and biomaterial‐assisted frameworks. In this study, an innovative gene‐activated self‐healing hydrogel is developed and fabricated for the controlled release of miR140‐5p, a key regulator of cartilage regeneration. The hydrogel, crosslinked via UV radiation, is composed of aminated hyaluronic acid and a modified photosensitizer (NB). To enhance the scaffold's structural integrity and gene delivery efficiency, mineralized silk fibroin and miR140‐5p‐loaded MON‐PEI nanoparticles are incorporated. These findings demonstrate that this novel hydrogel (miR140‐5p‐CaP@mSF‐HA‐NB) effectively encapsulates and releases miR140‐5p, exhibits excellent biocompatibility, and promotes enhanced cartilage regeneration in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, this gene‐activated hydrogel holds significant potential for clinical applications in the treatment of articular cartilage defects.
Guanidine‐Derived Polymeric Nanoinhibitors Target the Lysosomal V‐ATPase and Activate AMPK Pathway to Ameliorate Liver Lipid Accumulation
Authors: Zhao Yunfei , Hu Ke , Wang Fangliang , Zhao Lulu , Su Yu , Chen Jun , Zou Gang , Yang Liming , Wei Li , Deng Mengjiao , He Yunyu , Wang Ping , Ruan Xiong Z , Chen Yaxi , Yu Chao
Published: November 2024

Current research efforts in polymer and nanotechnology applications are primarily focused on cargo delivery to enhance the therapeutic index, with limited attention being paid to self‐molecularly targeted nanoparticles, which may also exhibit significant therapeutic potential. Long‐term and anomalous lipid accumulation in the liver is a highly relevant factor contributing to liver diseases. However, the development of the reliable medications and their pharmacological mechanisms remain insufficient. Herein, a polyguanide nanoinhibitors (PGNI) depot is constructed by copolymerizing biguanide derivatives in different proportions onto prepolymers. The nanoinhibitors for their ability to ameliorate lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo is screened, and subsequently demonstrated that covalently polymeric guanidine chains exhibit superior efficacy in ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation via heterogeneous mechanisms compared to small‐molecule guanidine. It is found that PGNIs stabilize guanidine metabolism in the liver, preferably for biosafety. More importantly, PGNI is ingested and localized in hepatocyte lysosomes and is locked to interact with vesicular adenosine triphosphatase (V‐ATPase) on lysosomes, leading to the inhibition of V‐ATPase and lysosomal acidification, thereby activating the AMPK pathway, reducing fatty acid synthesis, and enhancing lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. These results imply that polymer‐formed nanoparticles can serve as targeted inhibitors, offering a novel approach for therapeutic applications.
PIWIL2/PDK1 Axis Promotes the Progression of Cervical Epithelial Lesions via Metabolic Reprogramming to Maintain Tumor‐Initiating Cell Stemness
Authors: Li Yuebo , Wang Wenhui , Xu Dongkui , Liang Haiyan , Yu Huan , Zhou Ying , Liang Jing , Sun Heming , Liu Xiaodie , Xue Ming , Ling Bin , Feng Dingqing
Published: November 2024

When PIWIL2 expression is restored via heterogeneous integration of human papillomavirus, cellular reprogramming is initiated to form tumor‐initiating cells (TICs), which triggers cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). TIC stemness is critical for the prognosis of SIL. However, the mechanisms underlying TIC stemness maintenance and tumorigenicity remain unclear. Here, it is revealed that aberrant pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) expression is closely related to aerobic glycolysis in SIL and poor survival in patients with cervical cancer. Mechanistically, that PIWIL2, which induced by stable transfection of either PIWIL2 or HPV16 oncogene E6 in human primary cervical basal epithelial cells and keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, upregulates PDK1 expression via the LIN28/let‐7 axis, hence reprogramming metabolism to activate glycolysis and synchronize with TIC formation. It is further demonstrate that PDK1 is critical for TIC stemness maintenance and tumorigenicity via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway both in vitro and in vivo, revealing a previously unclear mechanism for SIL progression, regression or relapse. Therefore, this findings suggest a potential rationale for prognostic predictions and selecting targeted therapy for cervical lesions.
Single‐Atom Barium Promoter Enormously Enhanced Non‐Noble Metal Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Xu Kai , Zhang Yuan‐Yi , Wang Wei‐Wei , Peng Mi , Liu Jin‐Cheng , Ma Chao , Zhang Ya‐Wen , Jia Chun‐Jiang , Ma Ding , Yan Chun‐Hua
Published: November 2024

As a well‐established topic, single‐atom catalyst has drawn growing interest for its high utilization of metal. However, researchers prefer to develop various active metals with single‐atom form, the intrinsic roles of single‐atom promoters are usually underrated, which are significant in boosting reaction activity. In this work, Ba single atoms were in situ prepared in the Co−Ba/Y2O3 catalyst with crystallized BaCO3 as the precursor under the ammonia decomposition reaction condition. The optimized Co−Ba/Y2O3 catalyst achieves extremely high H2 production rate of 138.3 mmolH2 ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ min−1 at very low temperature (500 °C, GHSV=840,000 mL ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1) and Co−Ba/Y2O3 exhibits excellent durability during the 350 h test, which realizes the highest activity among all non‐noble catalysts, and reaches or even exceeds numerous reported Ru‐based catalysts. Both Y2O3 and Co demonstrate positive interactions with Ba, which significantly facilitates the dispersion of Ba species at high temperatures (≥600 °C). Ba single atoms significantly enhance the charge density of Co and form additionally active Co−O−Ba−Y2O3 interfacial sites, which alleviates hydrogen poisoning and decreases the reaction barrier of the N−H bond activation of *NH. The exploration of atomically dispersed promoters is groundbreaking in heterogeneous catalysis, which opens up a whole new domain of catalytic material.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Sulfonimidoyl Fluorides Facilitates Stereospecific SuFEx Click Chemistry
Authors: Huang He‐sen , Yuan Yi , Wang Wei , Zhang Shi‐qi , Nie Xiao‐kang , Yang Wan‐ting , Cui Xin , Tang Zhuo , Li Guang‐xun
Published: November 2024

Sulfur‐centered electrophilic ‘warheads’ have emerged as key components for chemical proteomic probes through sulfur‐exchange chemistry (SuFEx) with protein nucleophiles. Among these functional groups, sulfonimidoyl fluorides (SIFs) stand out for their modifiable sites, tunable electrophilicities, and chiral sulfur‐center, presenting exciting possibilities for new covalent chemical probes. However, the synthetic access to chiral SIFs has been a challenge, limiting their exploration and applications. In this study, we describe a convenient route to obtain chiral SIFs from readily available sulfenamides via a series of one‐pot tandem reactions with high enantiomeric excess (ees). The resulting chiral SIFs were further converted into a diverse array of chiral S(VI) derivatives under mild conditions or in buffer solutions. Most significantly, the specificity of the chiral SIFs in protein ligation experiments underscored the critical role of sulfur‐center chirality in the design and screening of more‐selective covalent probes and therapeutics.
Multi‐N‐Heterocycle Donor‐Acceptor Conjugated Amphoteric Organic Superstructures for Superior Zinc Batteries
Authors: Song Ziyang , Huang Qi , Lv Yaokang , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian
Published: November 2024

Multiple redox‐active amphoteric organics with more n‐p fused electron transfer is an ongoing pursuit for superior zinc–organic batteries (ZOBs). Here we report multi‐heterocycle‐site donor‐acceptor conjugated amphoteric organic superstructures (AOSs) by integrating three‐electron‐accepting n‐type triazine motifs and dual‐electron‐donating p‐type piperazine units via H‐bonding and π–π stacking. AOSs expose flower‐shaped N‐heteromacrocyclic electron delocalization topologies to promise full accessibility of built‐in n‐p redox‐active motifs with an ultralow activation energy, thus liberating superior capacity (465 mAh g−1) for Zn||AOSs battery. More importantly, the extended multiple donor‐acceptor‐fused conjugated AOSs feature satisfied discharge voltage and anti‐dissolution in electrolytes, pushing both the energy density and cycle life of the ZOBs to a new level (412 Wh kg−1 and 70,000 cycles@10 A g−1). An anion–cation hybrid 18 e− charge storage mechanism is rationalized for heteromacrocyclic modules of AOSs cathode, entailing six tert‐N motifs coupling with CF3SO3− ions at high potential and twelve imine sites coordinating with Zn2+ ions at low potential. These findings constitute a major advance of amphoteric multielectron organic materials and stand for a good starting point for advanced ZOBs.
Evolving Risk Oversight Obligations for Directors: Emerging Trends to Watch
Authors: Phadke Achyut , Boessenecker Brian Rivas
Published: November 2024

Achyut Phadke is a partner at Munger, Tolles & Olson, and Brian Rivas Boessenecker is a litigation associate at the firm. In this article they explore how directors' duties are shifting in response to evolving business and legal risks, five years after the Delaware Supreme Court's Marchand v. Barnhill decision. The authors highlight important areas of oversight directors should prioritize, including compliance, cybersecurity, and AI.
Amazonins: New Peptaibol Sequences from an Endophytic Strain of Trichoderma amazonicum
Authors: dos Santos Castro Gleucinei , Fernandes Sousa Thiago , Jarline Santos da Silva Ingride , Sena Raposo Débora , Carlos Ipuchima da Silva José , Peñaloza Evelyn , Garrett Rafael , Eduardo Beleza Yamagishi Michel , Ferreira da Silva Gilvan , Henrique Ferreira Koolen Hector
Published: November 2024

Three new putative sequences of 14‐residue peptaibols, named amazonins I–III were characterized from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma amazonicum via genome mining, high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), and molecular networking. Bioinformatic analysis of the T. amazonicum genome assembly revealed 63 clusters of biosynthetic genes (BGCs) related to secondary metabolites, including a nonribosomal peptide synthetase accountable for the biosynthesis of the discovered peptide sequences. Analysis of the adenylation domains, along with manual interpretation of MS/MS spectra, allowed extensive annotation of the new peptaibol sequences. The combination of bioinformatic tools and LC–MS/MS provides a better opportunity to characterize and identify new peptaibol sequences. Thus, the importance of studies on the production and characterization of peptaibols produced by Trichoderma species from the Amazon region is highlighted.
HUSM endocarditis team's approach to acute ruptured chordae tendineae in chronic rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Othman Mohd Khairi , Abdullahilhai Anis Alyani , Yusof Zurkurnai , W. Isa W. Yus Haniff , Muhd Besari Hashim Alwi , Mokhtar Ariffin Marzuki , Hussain Aimatnuddin Husairi , Hassan Mohamad Hasyizan , Mamat Ahmad Zuhdi
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

Neglected rheumatic heart disease (RHD) can lead to severe complications and change patients' quality of life, particularly that of young patients. This report highlights the importance of public health education for patients and families in preventing RHD complications. In RHD management, prevention is better than cure.
Active Photonic Glass for Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Wang Cong , Johar Masa , Ullah Wahid , Paineau Erwan , Li Jingwei , Nawfal Ghazzal Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Chirality is vital in many living species since it is responsible for structural iridescent coloration and plays a key role in light harvesting during natural photosynthesis. Developing photoactive materials with such chiral structures is a challenging but promising strategy for energy applications. Here, we present a straightforward method to establish an active photonic glass obtained through the co‐condensation of tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) (TAA) dissolved in a liquid crystal formed from cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC). The inorganic glass maintains a long range of chiral nematic ordering, displaying iridescent colors characterized by a Bragg peak reflection. The reflected wavelengths are tuned all over the UV‐visible range, demonstrating that the replica of the chiral nematic structure generates photonic properties. Incorporation of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) into the films is further performed by impregnation/chemical reduction. We show that the charge carrier density and photocatalytic H2 generation were amplified when the photonic band gap edges matched the absorbance of the TiO2 and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of AuNPs. This photocatalytic glass with chiral nematic ordering and a tunable photonic bandgap paves the way for the development of metamaterials with new applications, such as asymmetric photocatalysis.
Structure and Topography of Facial Branchiomotor Neuron Dendrites in Larval Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: McArthur Kimberly L. , Ho Winnie J.
Published: November 2024

Motor circuits in the vertebrate hindbrain need to become functional early in development. What are the fundamental mechanisms that establish early synaptic inputs to motor neurons? Previous evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that motor neuron dendrite positioning serves a causal role in early spinal motor circuit development, with initial connectivity determined by the overlap between premotor axons and motor neuron dendrites (perhaps without the need for molecular recognition). Does motor neuron dendrite topography serve a similar role in the hindbrain? In the current study, we provide the first quantitative analysis of the dendrites of facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs) in larval zebrafish. We previously demonstrated that FBMNs exhibit functional topography along the dorsoventral axis, with the most ventral cell bodies most likely to exhibit early rhythmic activity—suggesting that FBMNs with ventral cell bodies are most likely to receive inputs from premotor neurons carrying rhythmic respiratory signals. We hypothesized that this functional topography can be explained by differences in dendrite positioning, giving ventral FBMNs preferential access to premotor axons carrying rhythmic signals. If this hypothesis is true, we predicted that FBMN cell body position would be correlated with dendrite position along the dorsoventral axis. To test this prediction, we used single‐cell labeling to trace the dendritic arbors of FBMNs in larval zebrafish at 5‐days post‐fertilization (dpf). FBMN dendrites varied in complexity, and this variation could not be attributed to differences in the relative age of neurons. Most dendrites grew caudally, laterally, and ventrally from the cell body—though FBMN dendrites could extend their dendrites dorsally. Across our sample, FBMN cell body position correlated with dendrite position along the dorsoventral axis, consistent with our hypothesis that differences in dendrite positioning serve as the substrate for differences in activity patterns across neurons. Future studies will build on this foundational data, testing additional predictions of the central hypothesis—to further investigate the mechanisms of early motor circuit development.
Soybean water‐use efficiency increased over 80 years of breeding
Authors: Costa Netto Jose R. , Almtarfi Hussien I. Taresh , Li Jiahe , Anderson Derek T. , Fritschi Felix B.
Published: November 2024

Breeders successfully increased US soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields over the past nearly 100 years and altered various plant characteristics underpinning the yield gains. However, the impact of breeding on plant‐level water‐use efficiency (WUEp) has not been examined yet. This study, conducted across eight environments using maturity group IV cultivars released between 1930 and 2005, aimed to (1) determine if soybean WUEp, assessed using C isotope composition (δ13C) measurements on shoot biomass sampled at early seed filling (R5), has changed with cultivar year of release (YoR), and (2) assess how canopy temperature (CT) and WUEp relate to each other and to seed yield. Across environments and cultivars, δ13C ranged from −27.52‰ to −28.24‰ and the correlation between cultivar YoR and WUEp was positive in four individual environments (p ≤ 0.07), as well as across the eight environments (p = 0.0083), with an average increase of shoot δ13C of 0.004‰ per year of soybean breeding. Lower average δ13C values for specific environments were associated with higher precipitation prior to biomass sampling, which is consistent with a lower WUEp when more water was available. Interestingly, across environments, midday CT at early seed filling was negatively correlated with YoR and WUEp, suggesting that intrinsic WUE of more recently released cultivars was lower during high demand periods. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these relationships between WUEp and CT and to identify physiological mechanisms that can be targeted for breeding high‐yielding cultivars while increasing or maintaining WUEp.
The impact of digitalization on CSR commitment: The role of human resource management system and employee autonomy
Authors: Zeshan Muhammad , Rasool Shahid , Cerchione Roberto , Centobelli Piera , Morelli Mariarosaria
Published: November 2024

Although the relationship between digitalization and employees' corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment has been extensively explored in literature, there remains a consensus on how digitalization affects employees' commitment. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between digitalization and CSR commitment. Data from branches of two banks was collected by using a time‐lagged approach, and structural equation modeling was employed to validate the measure and test the hypotheses. The findings indicate a direct correlation between digitalization and the CSR commitment of employees towards their organization. The research demonstrates that such a correlation is contingent upon the Human Resource Management (HRM) system used within the organization and the satisfaction of employees' need for autonomy in the workplace. The study emphasizes the role of work design and HRM practices in the relationship between digitalization and employees' CSR commitment.
The role of employees' perceptions of corporate social responsibility in the relationship between organizational reputation and organizational attractiveness. Evidence from Italy
Authors: Rosa Angelo , Capolupo Nicola , Marolla Giuliano
Published: November 2024

Recruitment success or failure hinges on organizational reputation (OR), encompassing both internal and external perceptions, as well as corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. While existing literature underscores the direct positive impact of formalized CSR on OR and organizational attractiveness (OA), it remains unclear whether personal perceptions of CSR consistency with organizational behavior influence the OR–OA relationship. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the interplay of CSR in the relationship between OR and OA. Employing a self‐administered survey, data is collected from a diverse sample comprising postgraduate students and working professionals. The findings from this empirical investigation aim to shed light on the nuanced dynamics between CSR, OR, and OA, thereby contributing to the scholarly discourse and informing HR practitioners' decision‐making processes.
Measurable morphological features of single circulating tumor cells in selected solid tumors—A pilot study
Authors: Wenta Robert , Richert Julia , Muchlińska Anna , Senkus Elżbieta , Suchodolska Grażyna , Łapińska‐Szumczyk Sylwia , Domżalski Paweł , Miszewski Kevin , Matuszewski Marcin , Dziadziuszko Rafał , Supernat Anna , Żaczek Anna , Bednarz‐Knoll Natalia
Published: November 2024

Liquid biopsies developed into a range of sensitive technologies aiming to analyze for example, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood, which significantly deepens understanding of the metastatic process. Nevertheless, examination of CTCs is mostly limited to their enumeration and usually only 2–3 markers‐based phenotyping, not offering yet sufficient insight into their biology. In contrast, quantitative analysis of their morphological details might extend our knowledge about dissemination and even improve CTC isolation or label‐free identification methods dependent on their physical features such as size, and deformability. Current study was conducted to describe CTCs' and their size, shape, presence of protrusions, and micronuclei across various types of cancers (lung, n = 29; ovarian, n = 24, breast, n = 54; and prostate, n = 33). Epithelial (pan‐keratins), mesenchymal (vimentin), and two exclusion markers were used to identify CTCs and classify them into four epithelial and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐related phenotypes using standardized and throughput method, imaging flow cytometry. The morphological characteristics of CTCs, including their nuclei, such as circularity, the maximum, and minimum diagonal values were determined using an open‐source software QuPath. On average, detected CTCs (n = 1156) were larger, and more irregular in shape compared to leukocytes/endothelial cells (n = 400). Epithelial and mesenchymal CTCs had the largest (median = 18.2 μm) and the smallest diameter (median = 10.4 μm), respectively. In terms of cancer‐specific variations, the largest CTCs were identified in lung cancer, whereas the smallest—in prostate and breast cancers. Epithelial CTCs and those negative for both epithelial and mesenchymal markers exhibited the highest degree of elongation, whereas mesenchymal CTCs were the most irregular in shape. Protrusions and micronuclei were observed extremely rarely within CTCs of breast and prostate cancer (0.6%–0.8% of CTCs). Micronuclei were observed only in epithelial and epithelial‐mesenchymal CTCs. This study underscores the significant variability in the morphological features of CTCs in relation to their phenotypic classification or even the particular organ of origin, potentially influencing for example, size‐dependent CTC isolation methods. It demonstrates for the first time the morphological measurements of CTCs undergoing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and some specific morphological details (i.e., protrusions, micronuclei) within CTCs in general.