bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic reduction of levoglucosenone by an alkene reductase (OYE 2.6): a sustainable metal- and dihydrogen-free access to the bio-based solvent Cyrene®
Authors: Mouterde Louis M. M. , Allais Florent , Stewart Jon D.
Published: November 2018

Levoglucosenone has been successfully converted into Cyrene® through a biocatalytic process using wild-type Old Yellow Enzyme 2.6 (OYE 2.6 wt) from Pichia stipitis and its mutant (OYE 2.6 Tyr78Trp).
Disposable silicon-glass microfluidic devices: precise, robust and cheap
Authors: Qi ZhenBang , Xu Lining , Xu Yi , Zhong Junjie , Abedini Ali , Cheng Xiang , Sinton David
Published: November 2018

We developed a method for reducing the cost of Si-glass microfluidic chips while maintaining the precision and robustness unique to Si-glass system.
An efficient cyclization of lapachol to new benzo[h]chromene hybrid compounds: a stepwisevs.one-pot esterification-click (CuAAC) study
Authors: F. de la Torre Alexander , Ali Akbar , Westermann Bernhard , Schmeda-Hirschmann Guillermo , Walter Pertino Mariano
Published: November 2018

Comparison of one-potvs.stepwise esterification of lapachol to obtain highly diversified heterocycles. Whereas the one-pot esterification leads to mono esterified lapachol, the tandem approach generated benzo[h]chromene.
Investigation of the cytotoxic potential of methyl imidazole-derived thiosemicarbazones and their copper(ii) complexes with dichloroacetate as a co-ligand
Authors: Palamarciuc Oleg , Milunović Miljan N. M. , Sîrbu Angela , Stratulat Elena , Pui Aurel , Gligorijevic Nevenka , Radulovic Sinisa , Kožíšek Jozef , Darvasiová Denisa , Rapta Peter , Enyedy Eva A. , Novitchi Ghenadie , Shova Sergiu , Arion Vladimir B.
Published: November 2018

Investigation of the cytotoxic potential of imidazole-derived thiosemicarbazones and their copper(ii) complexes with CHCl2CO2−as a co-ligand.
The Knoevenagel condensation using quinine as an organocatalyst under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Jain Kavita , Chaudhuri Saikat , Pal Kuntal , Das Kalpataru
Published: November 2018

An organocatalytic Knoevenagel condensation has been developed for the synthesis of electrophilic alkenes using natural quinine under green reaction conditions.
Thiphenylmethane based structural fragments as building blocks towards solution-processable heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes for OLED use
Authors: Traskovskis Kaspars , Ruduss Armands , Kokars Valdis , Mihailovs Igors , Lesina Natalija , Vembris Aivars
Published: November 2018

Functionalization with 1,1,1-triphenylmethylpentane groups can be used for heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes in order to obtain solution-processable OLED emitters.
Computational investigations of intermolecular interactions between electron-accepting bromo- and iodo-pentafluorobenzene and electron-donating furan and thiophene
Authors: Yang Fang-Ling , Lu Ka , Yang Xing , Yan Chao-Xian , Wang Rui , Ye Weichun , Zhou Pan-Pan , Yang Zhaoyong
Published: November 2018

C6F5X (X = Br, I) exhibits intriguing σ- and π-hole characters, which enable it to accept electrons from the electron-rich atoms or groups in C4H4O and C4H4Sviavarious intermolecular interactions.
Investigating the influence of a CrO42−/Cr2O72− template in the formation of a series of silver–chalcogenide clusters
Authors: Li Yan-Ling , Xu Qing-Qing , Li Si , Huang Ren-Wu , Liu Xiao-Fei , Wei Yong-Li , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: November 2018

A series of silver–chalcogenide clusters was synthesised based on CrO42−/Cr2O72− anion templates.
Platinum-catalyzed selectiveN-allylation of 2,3-disubstituted indoles with allylic acetates in water
Authors: Peng Bai-Jing , Hsueh Wen-Ting , Fülöp Ferenc , Yang Shyh-Chyun
Published: November 2018

Herein, we have demonstrated that the platinum-catalyzed selectiveN-allylation of 2,3-disubstituted indoles proceeds in water.
Optimising the magnetic performance of Co ferrite nanoparticles via organic ligand capping
Authors: Vasilakaki M. , Ntallis N. , Yaacoub N. , Muscas G. , Peddis D. , Trohidou K. N.
Published: November 2018

Optimising the magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles by selecting the appropriate coating in a ligand exchange process.
From one-dimensional to two-dimensional wurtzite CuGaS2nanocrystals: non-injection synthesis and photocatalytic evolution
Authors: Liu Zheming , Liu Jun , Huang Yanbin , Li Jing , Yuan Yi , Ye Haihang , Zhu Dongxu , Wang Zhijie , Tang Aiwei
Published: November 2018

2D CuGaS2nanoplates exhibit an improved photocatalytic hydrogen activity as compared to 1D nanorods and quasi-2D nanodisks.
Synthesis of fluorescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles and their immobilization on a substrate for white light emission
Authors: Kim Choongho , Gwon Young Jin , Kim Jongho , Lee Taek Seung
Published: November 2018

Fluorescent conjugated polymers (CPs) for blue, green, and red emission were polymerized via the Suzuki coupling reaction.
Cationic polycarbonates via ring-opening polymerization: design, synthesis, and applications
Authors: Dai Yu , Zhang Xiaojin
Published: November 2018

The synthetic methods and applications of cationic polycarbonates via ring-opening polymerization are highlighted.
MOFs containing a linear bis-pyridyl-tris-amide and angular carboxylates: exploration of proton conductivity, water vapor and dye sorptions
Authors: Konavarapu Satyanarayana K. , Goswami Anindita , Kumar Anaparthi Ganesh , Banerjee Susanta , Biradha Kumar
Published: November 2018

Four new MOFs were shown to have appreciable proton conductivities, selective adsorption of water vapor over nitrogen and a tendency to selectively adsorb cationic dyes such as methylene blue and crystal violet.
Amino-functionalized MOFs with high physicochemical stability for efficient gas storage/separation, dye adsorption and catalytic performance
Authors: Fan Weidong , Wang Xia , Xu Ben , Wang Yutong , Liu Dandan , Zhang Ming , Shang Yizhu , Dai Fangna , Zhang Liangliang , Sun Daofeng
Published: November 2018

Three versatile amino-functionalized InIII/AlIII/ZrIV-MOFs with high-physicochemical stability for gas storage/separation, water purification and catalysis.
Tuning doping and surface functionalization of columnar oxide films for volatile organic compound sensing: experiments and theory
Authors: Postica Vasile , Vahl Alexander , Strobel Julian , Santos-Carballal David , Lupan Oleg , Cadi-Essadek Abdelaziz , de Leeuw Nora H. , Schütt Fabian , Polonskyi Oleksandr , Strunskus Thomas , Baum Martina , Kienle Lorenz , Adelung Rainer , Faupel Franz
Published: November 2018

AgO/Ag NPs enhance considerably the selectivity of Fe-doped ZnO surfaces towards ethanol detection.
TP73 G4C14-A4T14polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: evidence from 36 case–control studies
Authors: Meng Jialin , Wang Shuo , Zhang Meng , Fan Song , Zhang Li , Liang Chaozhao
Published: November 2018

G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism of TP73 gene has been reported with a potential association in cancer risks through affected cell homeostasis; however the results were not consistent. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to explore the associations between G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Extensive retrieve was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Wanfang database and CNKI database up to May 20, 2018. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were conducted to evaluate the overall strength of the associations in five genetic models, as well as in subgroup analyses. Q-test, false-positive report probability analysis and trial sequential analysis, Egger’s test and Begg’s funnel plot were applied to evaluate the robustness of the results. In silico analysis was managed to demonstrate the relationship of TP73 expression correlated with cancer tissues. Finally, 36 case–control studies with a total of 9493 cancer cases and 13,157 healthy controls were enrolled into the meta-analysis. The pooled results present a significantly higher risk of G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism in all the five genetic models, as well as in the subgroups of Caucasian, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, H-B subgroup and comfort to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium subgroup. In silico analysis revealed that the expression of TP73 in cervical cancer tissue is higher than it in corresponding normal tissue, as well as in cervical cancer. All in all, TP73 G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism causes an upgrade cancer risk, especially in Caucasian population. G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism might be a potential biomarker for judging the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer and colorectal cancer.
Anti-tumor activity of Shikonin against afatinib resistant non-small cell lung cancer via negative regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Li Baiying , Yuan Zuguo , Jiang Jin , Rao Yuanquan
Published: November 2018

Acquired resistance of afatinib is a significant challenge for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy and the mechanisms remain unclear. Aberrant activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent downstream pathways, especially phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway has been reported to be involved in the occurrence of afatinib resistance. Developing effective anti-cancer agents to overcome afatinib resistance by targetting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway will be a potential strategy for NSCLC treatment. Shikonin is a naphthoquinone compound isolated from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. In the present study, the anti-cancer activity of Shikonin was evaluated on afatinib-resistant NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. The data showed that Shikonin inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of afatinib-resistant NSCLC cell line by activating apoptosis signaling pathway and negatively regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These results revealed that Shikonin was a potential apoptosis inducer in afatinib-resistant NSCLC and a promising candidate for treating patients clinically.
Platelets in cancer development and diagnosis
Authors: Contursi Annalisa , Grande Rosalia , Dovizio Melania , Bruno Annalisa , Fullone Rosa , Patrignani Paola
Published: November 2018

Platelets are involved in the development and progression of cancer through several mechanisms. Platelet activation at the site of tissue damage contributes to the initiation of a cascade of events which promote tumorigenesis. In fact, platelets release a wide array of proteins, including growth and angiogenic factors, lipids and extracellular vesicles rich in genetic material, which can mediate the induction of phenotypic changes in target cells, such as immune, stromal and tumor cells, and promote carcinogenesis and metastasis formation. Importantly, the role of platelets in tumor immune escape has been described. These lines of evidence open the way to novel strategies to fight cancer based on the use of antiplatelet agents. In addition to their ability to release factors, platelets are able of up-taking proteins and genetic material present in the bloodstream. Platelets are like ‘sentinels’ of the disease state. The evaluation of proteomics and transcriptomics signature of platelets and platelet-derived microparticles could represent a new strategy for the development of biomarkers for early cancer detection and/or therapeutic drug monitoring in cancer chemotherapy. Owing to the ability of platelets to interact with cancer cells and to deliver their cargo, platelets have been proposed as a ‘biomimetic drug delivery system’ for anti-tumor drugs to prevent the occurrence of off-target adverse events associated with the use of traditional chemotherapy.
‘Stop’ in protein synthesis is modulated with exquisite subtlety by an extended RNA translation signal
Authors: Tate Warren P. , Cridge Andrew G. , Brown Chris M.
Published: November 2018

Translational stop codons, UAA, UAG, and UGA, form an integral part of the universal genetic code. They are of significant interest today for their underlying fundamental role in terminating protein synthesis, but also for their potential utilisation for programmed alternative translation events. In diverse organisms, UAA has wide usage, but it is puzzling that the high fidelity UAG is selected against and yet UGA, vulnerable to suppression, is widely used, particularly in those archaeal and bacterial genomes with a high GC content. In canonical protein synthesis, stop codons are interpreted by protein release factors that structurally and functionally mimic decoding tRNAs and occupy the decoding site on the ribosome. The release factors make close contact with the decoding complex through multiple interactions. Correct interactions cause conformational changes resulting in new and enhanced contacts with the ribosome, particularly between specific bases in the mRNA and rRNA. The base following the stop codon (fourth or +4 base) may strongly influence decoding efficiency, facilitating alternative non-canonical events like frameshifting or selenocysteine incorporation. The fourth base is drawn into the decoding site with a compacted stop codon in the eukaryotic termination complex. Surprisingly, mRNA sequences upstream and downstream of this core tetranucleotide signal have a significant influence on the strength of the signal. Since nine bases downstream of the stop codon are within the mRNA channel, their interactions with rRNA, and r-proteins may affect efficiency. With this understanding, it is now possible to design stop signals of desired strength for specific applied purposes.
The regulatory role of the kinase-homology domain in receptor guanylyl cyclases: nothing ‘pseudo’ about it!
Authors: Mishra Vishwas , Goel Ridhima , Visweswariah Sandhya S.
Published: November 2018

The availability of genome sequence information and a large number of protein structures has allowed the cataloging of genes into various families, based on their function and predicted biochemical activity. Intriguingly, a number of proteins harbor changes in the amino acid sequence at residues, that from structural elucidation, are critical for catalytic activity. Such proteins have been categorized as ‘pseudoenzymes’. Here, we review the role of the pseudokinase (or kinase-homology) domain in receptor guanylyl cyclases. These are multidomain single-pass, transmembrane proteins harboring an extracellular ligand-binding domain, and an intracellular domain composed of a kinase-homology domain that regulates the activity of the associated guanylyl cyclase domain. Mutations that lie in the kinase-homology domain of these receptors are associated with human disease, and either abolish or enhance cGMP production by these receptors to alter downstream signaling events. This raises the interesting possibility that one could identify molecules that bind to the pseudokinase domain and regulate the activities of these receptors, in order to alleviate symptoms in patients harboring these mutations.
A Multimethod Analysis of Pragmatic Skills in Children and Adolescents With Fragile X Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Down Syndrome
Authors: Martin Gary E. , Bush Lauren , Klusek Jessica , Patel Shivani , Losh Molly
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Pragmatic language skills are often impaired above and beyond general language delays in individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities. This study used a multimethod approach to language sample analysis to characterize syndrome- and sex-specific profiles across different neurodevelopmental disabilities and to examine the congruency of 2 analysis techniques.

Method

Pragmatic skills of young males and females with fragile X syndrome with autism spectrum disorder (FXS-ASD,n= 61) and without autism spectrum disorder (FXS-O,n= 40), Down syndrome (DS,n= 42), and typical development (TD,n= 37) and males with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder only (ASD-O,n= 29) were compared using variables obtained from a detailed hand-coding system contrasted with similar variables obtained automatically from the language analysis program Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT).

Results

Noncontingent language and perseveration were characteristic of the pragmatic profiles of boys and girls with FXS-ASD and boys with ASD-O. Boys with ASD-O also initiated turns less often and were more nonresponsive than other groups, and girls with FXS-ASD were more nonresponsive than their male counterparts. Hand-coding and SALT methods were largely convergent with some exceptions.

Conclusion

Results suggest both similarities and differences in the pragmatic profiles observed across different neurodevelopmental disabilities, including idiopathic and FXS-associated cases of ASD, as well as an important sex difference in FXS-ASD. These findings and congruency between the 2 language sample analysis techniques together have important implications for assessment and intervention efforts.
Statistical study of uncertainties in the diffusion rate of species on interstellar ice and its impact on chemical model predictions
Authors: Iqbal Wasim , Wakelam Valentine , Gratier Pierre
Published: November 2018

Contact. Diffusion of species on the dust surface is a key process for determining the chemical composition of interstellar ices. On the dust surface, adsorbed species diffuse from one potential well to another and react with other adsorbed reactants, resulting in the formation of simple and complex molecules.

Aims. We study the impact on the abundances of the species simulated by the chemical codes by considering the uncertainties in the diffusion energy of adsorbed species. We aim to limit the uncertainties in the abundances as calculated by chemical codes by identifying the surface species that result in a larger error because of the uncertainties in their diffusion energy.

Methods. We ran various cases with 2000–10 000 simulations in each case and varied the diffusion energies of some or all surface species randomly. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients between the abundances and the ratio of diffusion to binding energy of adsorbed species. We identified the species that introduce maximum uncertainty in the ice and gas-phase abundances. With these species we ran three sets, with 2000 simulations in each, to quantify the uncertainties they introduce.

Results. We present the abundances of various molecules in the gas phase and also on the dust surface at different time intervals during the simulation. We show which species produce a large uncertainty in the abundances. We sorted species into different groups in accordance with their importance in propagating uncertainty in the chemical network.

Conclusions. We show that CO, H2, O, N, and CH3 are the key species for uncertainties in the abundances, while CH2, HCO, S and O2 come next, followed by NO, HS, and CH. We also show that by limiting the uncertainties in the ratio of diffusion to binding energy of these species, we can eliminate the uncertainties in the gas-phase abundances of almost all the species.
HST/COS observations of the newly discovered obscuring outflow in NGC 3783
Authors: Kriss G. A. , Mehdipour M. , Kaastra J. S. , Rau A. , Bodensteiner J. , Plesha R. , Arav N. , Behar E. , Bianchi S. , Branduardi-Raymont G. , Cappi M. , Costantini E. , De Marco B. , Di Gesu L. , Ebrero J. , Kaspi S. , Mao J. , Middei R. , Miller T. , Paltani S. , Peretz U. , Peterson B. M. , Petrucci P.-O. , Ponti G. , Ursini F. , Walton D. J. , Xu X.
Published: November 2018

Aims.To understand the nature of transient obscuring outflows in active galactic nuclei, we use simultaneous multiwavelength observations withXMM-Newton, NuSTAR, theHubbleSpace Telescope (HST), and the Max Planck Gesellschaft/European Southern Observatory (ESO) 2.2 m telescope triggered by soft X-ray absorption detected bySwift.

Methods.We obtained ultraviolet spectra on 2016-12-12 and 2016-12-21 using the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on HST simultaneously with X-ray spectra obtained withXMM-NewtonandNuSTAR. We modeled the ultraviolet spectra to measure the strength and variability of the absorption, and used photoionization models to obtain its physical characteristics.

Results.We find new components of broad, blue-shifted absorption associated with Lyα, N V, Si IV, and C IVin our COS spectra. The absorption extends from near-zero velocities in the rest-frame of the host galaxy to −6200 km s−1. These features appear for the first time in NGC 3783 at the same time as heavy soft X-ray absorption seen in theXMM-NewtonX-ray spectra. The X-ray absorption has a column density of ∼1023cm−2, and it partially covers the X-ray continuum source. Combining the X-ray column densities with the UV spectral observations yields an ionization parameter for the obscuring gas of logξ= 1.84−0.2+0.4erg cm s−1. Despite the high intensity of the UV continuum in NGC 3783,F(1470 Å) = 8 × 10−14erg cm−2s−1Å−1>, the well known narrow UV absorption lines are deeper than in earlier observations in unobscured states, and low ionization states such as C IIIappear, indicating that the narrow-line gas is more distant from the nucleus and is being shadowed by the gas producing the obscuration. Despite the high continuum flux levels in our observations of NGC 3783, moderate velocities in the UV broad line profiles have substantially diminished.

Conclusions.We suggest that a collapse of the broad line region has led to the outburst and triggered the obscuring event.
Initial mass function variations cannot explain the ionizing spectrum of low metallicity starbursts
Authors: Stanway E. R. , Eldridge J. J.
Published: November 2018

Aims. Observations of both galaxies in the distant Universe and local starbursts are showing increasing evidence for very hard ionizing spectra that stellar population synthesis models struggle to reproduce. Here we explore the effects of the assumed stellar initial mass function (IMF) on the ionizing photon output of young populations at wavelengths below key ionization energy thresholds.

Methods. We use a custom set of binary population and spectral synthesis (BPASS) models to explore the effects of IMF assumptions as a function of metallicity, IMF slope, upper mass limit, IMF power law break mass
and sampling.

Results. We find that while the flux capable of ionizing hydrogen is only weakly dependent on IMF parameters, the photon flux responsible for the He II and O VI lines is far more sensitive to assumptions. In our current models this flux arises primarily from helium and Wolf-Rayet stars which have partially or fully lost their hydrogen envelopes. The timescales for formation and evolution of both Wolf Rayet stars and helium dwarfs, and hence inferred population age, are affected by choice of model IMF. Even the most extreme IMFs cannot reproduce the He II ionizing flux observed in some high redshift galaxies, suggesting a source other than stellar photospheres.

Conclusions. We caution that detailed interpretation of features in an individual galaxy spectrum is inevitably going to be subject to uncertainties in the IMF of its contributing starbursts. We remind the community that the IMF is fundamentally a statistical construct, and that stellar population synthesis models are most effective when considering entire galaxy populations rather than individual objects.
Le mouvement humain
Authors: Hug François
Published: November 2018

L’apparente facilité avec laquelle nous réalisons un vaste répertoire de mouvements cache en réalité une grande complexité des processus impliqués. On dispose de nombreux degrés de liberté (unités motrices, muscles), et donc de nombreuses solutions pour réaliser la plupart de nos mouvements. Comprendre pourquoi une solution est sélectionnée parmi d’autres est une étape incontournable si l’on veut optimiser le mouvement, que ce soit chez des sujets pathologiques ou des sportifs. Cet article de synthèse vise à présenter trois approches complémentaires visant une meilleure compréhension des processus impliqués dans la production du mouvement.
Simulation and experimental research on top blown burner lance used for chrome ore smelting reduction process
Authors: Hu Shaoyan , Zhu Rong , Dong Kai , Liu Runzao , Jiang Nan
Published: November 2018

Chrome ore smelting reduction process in converter for crude stainless steel production has won increasing attention because of utilizing cheap chrome ore as raw material instead of ferrochromium alloy, which can reduce the production cost significantly. Thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of chrome ore smelting reduction have been well investigated by previous studies. How to improve the dissolution rate and reduction rate of chrome ore in actual production is the key problem of industrial application. In this paper, a method of using combustion flame to convey chrome ore powder was studied. Numerical simulation works were carried out to study the structure of top blown burner lance blowing propane combustion flame and chrome ore powder simultaneously. Optimal design of burner lance was confirmed and made for experiment. Flame measurement experiment was carried out to study the flame characteristics before and after powder addition, indicating that the addition of powder helps to prolong the flame length. Then a pilot experiment of chrome ore smelting reduction was carried out in a 0.5 ton submerged arc furnace, metallurgical effects under conditions with and without combustion flame were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the combustion flame can not only preheat the chrome ore powder, but also heat the molten slag of impact zone, obtaining better reaction rate and higher chrome ore yield.
Thorakale und abdominale Organverletzungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Schmittenbecher Peter
Published: November 2018

Thorakale und abdominale Organverletzungen sind im Kindes- und Jugendalter selten. Thorakal stehen Lungenkontusionen ganz im Vordergrund. Rippenfrakturen treten aufgrund der Elastizität der Rippen seltener auf. Wird eine Beatmung erforderlich, gilt der Fokus der Vermeidung einer zu frühen Extubation, um ein Rebound-Phänomen mit erheblicher Verschlechterung der Gesamtsituation zu verhindern. Bei den Bauchtraumen kommen Milz-, Leber- und Nierenverletzungen am häufigsten vor. Auf der Basis eines verlässlichen CT-Gradings erfolgt die Therapie meist konservativ unter Kreislauf-Monitoring. Interventionelle Verfahren können im Einzelfall hilfreich sein (Stent, Drainage). Die Laparotomie erfolgt, wenn mehr als 40 ml Blutprodukte/kg Körpergewicht und Tag substituiert werden müssen. Für den Verlauf gibt es ein evidenzbasiertes Protokoll.
Intraoperative Imaging in Pelvic Surgery
Authors: Keil Holger , Aytac Sara , Grützner Paul Alfred , Franke Jochen
Published: November 2018

Pelvic fractures may range from highly severe, life-threatening injuries to less acute clinical entities. There are several sub-entities that are summed up as pelvic injuries. Anatomically, there are fractures of the anterior or posterior pelvic ring. Apart from these, there are fractures of the acetabulum that make up about one fifth of all pelvic injuries. The indication for surgical treatment of pelvic ring injuries depends on the type of injury, involvement of anterior and/or posterior elements of the pelvic ring, demands and the general condition of the patient. In acetabular fractures, indications depend on the dislocation of the fracture and of course also the needs of the patient and his general condition. An intraarticular step-off of more than 2 mm is usually considered as an indication for open reduction and osteosynthesis. Usually in all these injuries, a preoperative CT scan is mandatory to allow precise planning of the operative approach and technique. Intraoperatively, the surgeon should be familiar with the acquisition of the 2D standard views, including 2D imaging of the pelvic ring and the acetabulum. These consist of the anteroposterior view for both pelvic ring and acetabular osteosyntheses. For further assessment of pelvic ring treatments, inlet and outlet views are achievable by angulating the C-arm cranially and caudally. To assess aspects of the anterior and posterior column of the acetabulum, iliac oblique views are used. Here, the C-arm is rotated laterally. As evaluation of 2D views can be limited due to anatomy and superposing structures, intraoperative 3D imaging has become common in the last decade. Special C-arms allow the automatic acquisition of large numbers of projections and create CT-like views of the central volume. Although this method has significantly widened the possibilities of intraoperative imaging, some issues remain. Depending on the amount of implants placed in the imaging field, assessment can be seriously impaired due to artefacts caused by the implants. Intraoperative CT imaging promises enhanced image quality for artefacts and allows a considerably larger field of view. The use of radiation-free navigation facilitates implant placement in minimally invasive procedures like screw placement in the sacroiliacal joint or the acetabulum by visualisation of instruments and implants in a pre- or intraoperative 3D data set.
Uro mHealth: Gesundheits-Apps in der Urologie
Authors: Müller Philippe-Fabian , Dressler Franz , Miernik Arkadiusz
Published: November 2018

Die Nutzung von Smartphones und Tablets und den darauf benutzten mHealth-Apps nimmt weltweit zu. Dies gilt ebenfalls für Gesundheits-Apps in der Urologie. Der Zugang zu Wissen, die Sammlung von Daten und die professionelle Kommunikation selbst können dadurch vereinfacht und beschleunigt werden.

Das Spektrum an Gesundheits-Apps für Öffentlichkeit, Patienten, Gesundheitsberufe und dementsprechend auch Urologen ist groß. Insbesondere für Letztere entstanden in den vergangenen Jahren verschiedene, qualitativ hochwertige mHealth-Angebote. Dennoch besteht weiterhin großes Entwicklungs- und Verbesserungspotenzial und die Allgegenwärtigkeit von Gesundheits-Apps birgt auch Risiken. Beschäftigte in Gesundheitsberufen können zum Beispiel ihre privaten elektronischen Geräte in der Patientenversorgung nutzen und laufen so Gefahr, durch die Nutzung von Apps die Datenschutzrechte der Patienten zu verletzen.

Es bestehen keine einheitlichen Qualitäts- oder Zertifizierungsstandards für mHealth-Apps. Die Datenhoheit liegt momentan bei den privaten, meist kommerziellen Anbietern der Apps. Politik sowie Fach- und Fördergesellschaften sind gefragt, hier Standards festzulegen und durch Finanzierung entsprechender Schlüsselprojekte Benchmarks bez. Inhalt und Qualität der Apps zu definieren.
Extranasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Arising from the Anterior Nasal Septum in a 35-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Kujundžić Tarik , Perić Aleksandar , Đurđević Biserka Vukomanović
Published: November 2018

Angiofibroma is a relatively rare vascular lesion originating predominantly in the nasopharynx and occurs typically in male adolescents. Extranasopharyngeal sites of origin, such as nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx, are extremely rarely seen in clinical practice. In the nasal cavity, extranasopharyngeal angiofibromas (ENAs) have been reported to originate from the nasal septum, as well as from the middle and inferior turbinate. In this study, we report a case of a 35-year-old female patient with angiofibroma originating from the anterior part of the nasal septum with left-sided nasal obstruction and mild-to-moderate epistaxis as main complaints. After the radiological diagnostics and embolization of sphenopalatine artery, we performed the excision of the lesion with removal of small part of septal mucosa and perichondrium around the attachment of tumor pedicle. Histopathological examination suggested the presence of angiofibroma and diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. This is the fifth reported case of septal ENA in female population in the English-language literature.
The classical limit of a state on the Weyl algebra
Authors: Feintzeig Benjamin H.
Published: November 2018

This paper considers states on the Weyl algebra of the canonical commutation relations over the phase space R2n. We show that a state is regular if and only if its classical limit is a countably additive Borel probability measure on R2n. It follows that one can “reduce” the state space of the Weyl algebra by altering the collection of quantum mechanical observables so that all states are ones whose classical limit is physical.
High-energy X-ray radiography of laser shock loaded metal dynamic fragmentation using high-intensity short-pulse laser
Authors: Chu Genbai , Xi Tao , Yu Minghai , Fan Wei , Zhao Yongqiang , Shui Min , He Weihua , Zhang Tiankui , Zhang Bo , Wu Yuchi , Zhou Weimin , Cao Leifeng , Xin Jianting , Gu Yuqiu
Published: November 2018

The dynamic fragmentation of shock-loaded high-Z metal is of considerable importance for both basic and applied science. The areal density and mass-velocity distribution of dynamic fragmentation are crucial factors in understanding this issue. Experimental methods, such as pulsed X-ray radiography and proton radiography, have been utilized to obtain information on such factors; however, they are restricted to a complex device, and the spatial resolution is in the order of 100 μm. In this work, we present the high-quality radiography of the dynamic fragmentation of laser shock-loaded tin, with good two-dimensional (2D) spatial resolution. Dynamic fragmentation is generated via high-intensity ns-laser shock-loaded tin. A high-energy X-ray source in the 50–200 keV range is realized by the interaction of a high-intensity ps-pulse with an Au microwire target, attached to a low-Z substrate material. A high 2D resolution of 12 μm is achieved by point-projection radiography. The dynamic-fragmentation radiography is clear, and the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high for a single-shot experiment. This unique technique has potential application in high-energy density experiments.
Room-temperature ferromagnetism in p-type ZnO:N films prepared by oxidizing Zn3N2 in oxygen plasma
Authors: Jin Yuping , Zhang Nuannuan , Xu Huizhong , Zhang Bin
Published: November 2018

P-type ZnO:N films have been prepared by oxidizing Zn3N2 in an oxygen plasma. The ZnO:N film oxidized at 200 °C, with the highest hole carrier concentration of 1.50 × 1017 cm−3 and the lowest oxygen vacancy (VO) content (INBE/IVo = 1:0.4), exhibits room-temperature ferromagnetism (FM). The first-principles calculations reveal that the observed FM originates from the p-p interaction between the substitutional N (NO) and the neighboring O atom. FM strongly relies on NO and hole carriers, while the VO defects suppress FM. Our results highlight the origin and mechanism of FM in p-type N-doped ZnO.
Low scaling EOM-CCSD and EOM-MBPT(2) method with natural transition orbitals
Authors: Park Young Choon , Perera Ajith , Bartlett Rodney J.
Published: November 2018

A low-scaling method is presented for the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with single and double (EOM-CCSD) excitations and its second-order many-body perturbation theory [EOM-MBPT(2)] approximations. For a simple description of an excited state, the particular orbitals, ϕĨ and ϕÃ, are selected from the natural transition orbitals (NTOs, ϕ), where Ĩ and Ã refer to NTO occupied and virtual orbital indices. They are chosen based on the largest eigenvalues of the transition density matrix. We expect the ϕĨ and ϕÃ pair to be dominant in representing excited states in EOM calculations. Therefore, the double excitation vector, R2 which scale as ∼O2V2, can be modified to keep only a few dominant excitations. Our work indicates that the most important contributions of the R2 vector define smaller subspaces that scale as ∼OV, ∼O2V, and ∼OV2, where O and V refer to the occupied and virtual orbitals in the NTO basis. Thus, the scaling for the EOM part becomes ∼M5. The energy changes due to R2 truncation are small (the mean average deviation from untruncated EOM-CCSD is ∼0.03 eV). We show that this approach works relatively well with various types of NTOs, ranging from configuration singles to time-dependent density functional theory making ∼M5 scaling calculations possible with the use of MBPT(2) as the reference state.
Time periodic solutions to the beam equation with weak damping
Authors: Wang Yu-Zhu , Li Yanshuo
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we study the beam equation with weak damping in n-dimensional space. In the case of time-dependent periodic external force imposed, we prove the existence and uniqueness of time periodic solutions that have the same period as the time-dependent periodic external force in some suitable function space for all space dimensions n ≥ 1. The proof is based on the spectral analysis for the solution operators and the contraction mapping theorem. Moreover, we show the time asymptotic stability of time periodic solutions by continuous argument.
Enabling liquid vapor analysis using synchrotron VUV single photon ionization mass spectrometry with a microfluidic interface
Authors: Komorek R. , Xu B. , Yao J. , Ablikim U. , Troy T. P. , Kostko O. , Ahmed M. , Yu X. Y.
Published: November 2018

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single photon ionization mass spectrometry (SPI-MS) is a vacuum-based technique typically used for the analysis of gas phase and solid samples, but not for liquids due to the challenge in introducing volatile liquids in a vacuum. Here we present the first demonstration of in situ liquid analysis by integrating the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) microfluidic reactor into VUV SPI-MS. Four representative volatile organic compound (VOC) solutions were used to illustrate the feasibility of liquid analysis. Our results show the accurate mass identification of the VOC molecules and the reliable determination of appearance energy that is consistent with ionization energy for gaseous species in the literature as reported. This work validates that the vacuum-compatible SALVI microfluidic interface can be utilized at the synchrotron beamline and enable the in situ study of gas-phase molecules evaporating off the surface of a liquid, which holds importance in the study of condensed matter chemistry.
Fast density reconstruction of Li-BES signal on the COMPASS tokamak
Authors: Krbec J. , Háček P. , Berta M. , Seidl J. , Hron M. , Pánek R.
Published: November 2018

This article describes a fast and automatic reconstruction of the edge plasma electron density from the radiation of energetic Li atoms of the diagnostic beam on the COMPASS tokamak. Radiation is detected by using a CCD camera and by using an avalanche photo-diode system with a temporal resolution of 20 ms and 2 μs, respectively. Both systems are equipped with a 670.8 nm optical filter which corresponds to the lithium 1s22s1–1s22p1 transition. A theoretical model and a data processing procedure of a raw signal to obtain the density profile are described. The reconstruction algorithm provides the absolutely calibrated electron density profiles together with the measurement error estimated from relatively calibrated light profiles; the implementation is performed in Python. Time demanding operations of the code were optimized to provide reconstruction of a single profile within less than 10 ms which makes the code applicable for processing of a large amount of data. Thanks to this calculation speed, it is possible to reconstruct electron density profiles between two consecutive shots on the COMPASS tokamak with 2 μs time resolution.
Conformations of polyelectrolyte molecular brushes: A mean-field theory
Authors: Borisov Oleg V. , Zhulina Ekaterina B.
Published: November 2018

We present a mean-field theory for the solution properties of polyelectrolyte molecular brushes, comprising multiple ionically charged side chains tethered to the main chain (backbone). The power-law dependences for local and large-scale conformational properties, i.e., the brush thickness, extension of spacers between the grafts, and end-to-end distance for the main chain macromolecule, are derived as a function of architectural parameters (the lengths of the main chain and of the grafts, grafting density). We demonstrate that at high grafting density or/and a large fraction of charged monomer units in the grafts, the localization of counterions in the intra-molecular volume occurs and we specify the onset of this transition. We prove that such localization of the counterions is accompanied by full extension of the main chain of the polyelectrolyte molecular brush in salt-free solution. This stretching of the main chain is relaxed upon an increase in the salt concentration. The dependence of the macromolecular dimensions of the polyelectrolyte molecular brush on the salt concentration is derived, and multiple power-law exponents valid in different salt concentration ranges are predicted.
Translational vibration modes—The spectral signature of excess proton transport in water
Authors: Teschke O. , Castro J. R. , Soares D. M.
Published: November 2018

The water molecular arrangement associated with proton transport was investigated using a water bridge structure in electric field Ē intensities of approximately 106 V/m. Excess protons in a moderate electric field induce a water molecular transport in a formed pathway at the water/air interface. This interfacial structural arrangement was characterized by its Raman spectrum assigned for modes in the translational lattice vibration region. By comparing the intensities of translational mode intensity for interfacial water (|Ē|=0) and in water bridges with excess proton transport (|Ē|≠0), the water molecular configuration change is determined. Interfacial water structural induced changes were also measured by contact angle variation.
Stability of device responsivity in silicon photodiodes under cryogenic conditions
Authors: Glebov Boris L. , Waczynski Augustyn , Jepsen Kim S. , Miko Laddawan R.
Published: November 2018

Long-term changes in the responsivity of unbiased silicon photodiodes were observed when operating at the temperature of 90 K. The change manifested as a monotonic increase in current output for a fixed optical power input. The current output has been observed to increase by 20% or more relative to room-temperature output. In all trials, the effect was fully reversed upon returning to room temperature. Analysis of spectrally resolved data showed that the effect is due to formation of a contaminant thin film, of as-yet-unknown composition.
Ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density and efficiency in barium strontium titanate-based lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Huang Wei , Chen Ying , Li Xin , Wang Genshui , Liu Ningtao , Li Song , Zhou MingXing , Dong Xianlin
Published: November 2018

Recently, dielectrics for energy storage have been attracting increasing attention due to their ultrahigh power density. However, the widespread application of dielectrics remains limited by their low energy density. In this work, lead-free single-phase relaxor (1 − x)Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3-xBiMg2/3Nb1/3O3 [(1 − x)BST-xBMN] (x = 0, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.10) bulk ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction process. The dielectric properties, the relaxor behavior, and the energy storage properties were explored in detail. With increasing BMN content, the observed increase in activation energy (Ea) and the decrease in freezing temperature (Tf) indicate that the coupling between polar nano-regions (PNRs) gradually weakened, leading to the decrease in remanent polarization (Pr) and the increase in energy storage efficiency (η). For the composition x = 0.07, the breakdown strength (BDS) significantly increased from 240 kV cm of pure BST to 450 kV cm. Finally, large Wrec (4.55 J cm3) and high η (81.8%) were achieved in 0.93BST-0.07BMN ceramics. The results demonstrate that the (1 − x)BST-xBMN ceramics have superior potential for use in advanced pulsed power capacitors.
A model for the basic plasma parameter profiles and the force exerted by fireballs with non-isothermal electrons
Authors: Gruenwald J. , Kovačič J. , Fonda B. , Gyergyek T.
Published: November 2018

As discovered in recent work, plasma fireballs have the ability to exert considerable force onto ions and neutrals and, hence, induce macroscopic gas flows. This property makes them interesting objects for fundamental scientific research. Furthermore, there are also the possibilities for applications in the field space propulsion. As there is a lack of fundamental understanding of these plasma phenomena, this article aims to enhance the physical knowledge of fireballs by presenting a mathematical model for the calculation of the force that can be provided by them. It will be shown that all the main plasma parameters such as the plasma potential and the electron density can be derived completely with the knowledge of the potential of the electrode and the radial electron temperature profile. The calculations show very good agreement with the experimental data if two species of electrons (i.e., fast and slow) are considered. Both electron populations have different temperature profiles as is shown with measurements. Furthermore, it will be demonstrated that the potential drop throughout the fireball is much larger than previously thought and that this larger potential drop can considerably contribute to the acceleration of ions in the double layer. This mechanism makes it more likely that the force exerted by the fireball is rather caused by heating of the neutrals via collisions with those accelerated ions and the high energetic ions themselves than by collisions between fast electrons and neutrals.
Communication: Substantial impact of the orientation of transition dipole moments on the dynamics of diatomics in laser fields
Authors: Badankó Péter , Halász Gábor J. , Cederbaum Lorenz S. , Vibók Ágnes , Csehi András
Published: November 2018

The formation of light-induced conical intersections (LICIs) between electronic states of diatomic molecules has been thoroughly investigated over the past decade. In the case of running laser waves, the rotational, vibrational, and electronic motions couple via the LICI giving rise to strong nonadiabatic phenomena. In contrast to natural conical intersections (CIs) which are given by nature and hard to manipulate, the characteristics of LICIs are easily modified by the parameters of the laser field. The internuclear position of the created LICI is determined by the laser energy, while the angular position is given by the orientation of the transition dipole moment (TDM) with respect to the molecular axis. In the present communication, using MgH+ as a showcase example, we exploit the strong impact of the orientation of the TDMs exerted on the light-induced nonadiabatic dynamics. Comparing the photodissociations induced by parallel or perpendicular transitions, a clear signature of the created LICIs is revealed in the angular distribution of the photofragments.
Community pharmacists and their role in pharmacogenomics testing: an Australian perspective drawing on international evidence
Authors: Suppiah Vijayaprakash , Lim Chiao Xin , Hotham Elizabeth
Published: November 2018

Patients obtaining a prescription from a pharmacy expect that the drug will be effective and have minimal side-effects. Unfortunately, drugs exhibit the desired effect in ~25–60% of people prescribed any medication. Adverse effects occur at a rate of 10% in patients taking a medication, and this rate increases during and after hospitalisation, with the transition of care back to the ambulatory setting posing a particular risk. Pharmacogenomics testing has been shown to optimise pharmacotherapy by increasing medication effectiveness and reducing drug-related toxicity, thus curtailing overall healthcare costs. Evidence from international studies have shown that community pharmacists would be able to offer this highly relevant professional service to their clients, given suitable training. This specific training complements pharmacists’ existing skills and expertise by educating them in an emerging scientific area of pharmacogenomics. However, in an increasingly tight financial climate, the provision of pharmacogenomics testing by Australian community pharmacists will only be viable with an appropriate reimbursement through the Medicare Benefits Schedule, currently accessible by other allied health practitioners but not by pharmacists.