bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy on Reducing the Severity of Symptoms among Individuals Diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Haddad Rabia H. , Alhusamiah Bushra Kh. , Haddad Razan H. , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman M. , Abuhashish Younis H.
Published: January 2024

Background: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a global-concern mental illness that occurs due to exposure to a traumatic life experience such as a natural disaster, a severe accident, or a physical or sexual assault in adulthood or childhood. The consequence of PTSD warrants mental health professionals to find effective interventions to maintain and restore mental-well-being. Therefore, selection of intervention is a cornerstone element in deciding successful interventions.
Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and summarize the effectiveness of using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) intervention among individuals diagnosed with PTSD. As well as to highlight the standardized EMDR-based-interventional protocol.
Data source: The relevant literature was extracted and conducted using the following online bibliographic databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SAGE Journals, and Science Direct and by hand checking reference lists of past similar reviews.
Methods: This Systematic review is guided according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Several online databases were used in searching for eligible studies in peer-reviewed journals relevant to the study keywords. The included studies were Systematic reviews and clinical trials which used EMDR intervention among patients experiencing PTSD symptoms, older than 18 years and were published in the English language from 2015 to 2022. Three researchers independently contributed to study selections, data extraction and study evaluations from different aspects: including quality assessment, risk of bias, and study synthesis.
Results: A total of eight published studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review; four articles were randomized controlled trials and four were systematic review and meta-analysis studies. In all included studies, the EMDR was utilized as a primary psychotherapy intervention for PTSD symptoms. The results of this extensive and comprehensive review showed that EMDR is an effective psychotherapeutic intervention to reduce and control the severity of symptoms among individuals with PTSD.
Conclusions: This Systematic review gives an overview and explains strong supportive evidence for effectiveness of the EMDR interventions among individuals with PTSD. Therefore, EMDR therapy could be assumed as one standard treatment option for PTSD aiming at reducing treatment duration, and cost of treatment, and restoring the mental well-being and functionality of those suffering from PTSD.
3D Woven Liquid Metals for High-Frequency Stretchable Circuits
Authors: Rahman Md Saifur , Tiwari Anand P. , Agnew Simon A. , Scheideler William J.
Published: January 2024

Mechanically flexible and stretchable inductive coils are a critical component for enabling communication, sensing, and wireless power transfer capabilities in future wearable electronic devices that conform to the body for healthcare and the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, the mechanical conformability of leading stretchable materials such as liquid metals (LMs) sacrifices electromagnetic performance since conductivity lags behind conventional rigid Cu wires, leading to lossy radio-frequency (RF) characteristics. Here, we present a strategy leveraging multistranded three-dimensional (3D) woven 'litz' transmission lines to amplify the resonant RF performance of LM inductors. Through comprehensive simulations and experiments, we discovered that interwoven LM litz wires boost the Quality Factor (Q) by 80 % compared to standard liquid metal wires. We also demonstrate a fabrication methodology for stretchable coils that retain high Q (>30), outperforming the previously reported LM coils and maintaining 98 % of their wireless transmission efficiency under up to 30 % biaxial strain. Moreover, we showcase the versatility of this approach by 3D printing four-terminal 'choke' inductors optimized for RF filtering and inductance tunability, overcoming the fabrication limitations of traditional planar printed electronics. These results offer valuable insights into the design and implementation of 3D-printed magnetics for a diverse suite of electromagnetic device applications.
Utilização de Critérios para Compras Públicas Sustentáveis: um Estudo de Caso em uma Instituição Federal Brasileira
Authors: De Sousa Jânio José , De Almeida Thiago Chagas , Nogueira Leandro Rivelli Teixeira
Published: January 2024

As instituições públicas realizam compras que são responsáveis pela movimentação de um volume expressivo de bens e serviços que podem impactar em questões socioambientais importantes. Nesse sentido, a efetivação das compras públicas sustentáveis, especialmente no setor público brasileiro, é um tema que vem sendo progressivamente debatido. Ele ganhou mais repercussão no final da década de 1990, com a criação da Agenda Ambiental na Administração Pública (A3P) – que traz orientações específicas para a realização de compras públicas sustentáveis. Partindo desse contexto, este artigo objetiva analisar a utilização de critérios sustentáveis nas compras públicas. Tal investigação ocorreu através de um estudo de caso direcionado aos editais de licitação do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), por essa ser uma instituição pública federal que tem práticas de compras públicas sustentáveis previstas no seu planejamento orçamentário. Como resultados, constatou-se que o CEFET-MG utiliza alguns critérios sustentáveis em seus editais. Contudo, muitos deles não têm sido implementados amplamente. Isso aconteceu, por exemplo, no caso de um edital sobre resíduos sólidos, que verificou apenas o tratamento adequado dos resíduos provenientes da área da saúde. No que tange as suas contribuições, este trabalho avança na compreensão dos fatores fundamentais para que compras públicas sustentáveis ocorram no contexto brasileiro, que é uma lacuna da literatura.
A Study on Application of Tax Increment Financing(TIF) for Initial Expenses and Infrastructure Expenses of Urbar Regeneration Project : Focused on Urban Regeneration Activation Area in Garibong Area, Seoul
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Kim Young-Jin , Lee Joo-ah , Lee Hoon
Published: January 2024

Tax Increment Financing (TIF) is the process of raising funds through the increase of taxes in future business areas. The local government treasury department finance is built by the increase of future tax revenue due to the real estate price rise in the urban regeneration area, TIF has been used in the US especially today. Because urban regeneration projects can be said to be achieved not only during the project period but also after the end of the project period, in order to finance the local taxation as a collateral, it is necessary to induce the interest of the local residents to be in charge of business management. In this study, We found the possibility of provision for urban regeneration total costs, which are essential for the sustainability and continuity of urban regeneration areas, through the financial simulation for the case region. As compared with urban regeneartion, in the extensive rebuilding apartment houses and residential area redevelopment process, it is difficult for the stakeholder to bear urban regeneration costs additionally, due to the huge land development land and financial donation. This research result will motivate the Tax Increment Financing to proceed smoothly during the urban regeneration project period longer than we expect.
Exploratory Factor Analysis of Housing Preference Factors for Active Seniors
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Min Jeong-Won , Park Tae-Won
Published: January 2024

This study examined the concept and lifestyle characteristics of the active senior class, which is emerging in Korea, where the world's best super-aged society is under way, and then conducted exploratory factor analysis based on the final 32 preliminary factors derived from the preliminary survey. The first factor is 'eco-friendly and external space', and detailed components are abundant landscaping and planting (0.750), health-friendly exercise facilities (0.714), and nature-friendly external spaces (0.698). The second factor is 'medical facilities and functions', and detailed components are elevator and escalator mobility (0.710), access to large and general hospitals (0.707), and whether or not to secure a medical emergency response system (0.693). The third factor is 'lifestyle', and detailed components include the possibility of linking talent sharing and volunteer activities (0.693), consideration of single-person households (0.691), and community activity facilities (0.661). The fourth factor is 'operational management', and detailed components are various small and medium-sized equilibrium (0.751), real estate sales and rental prices (0.646), and housing maintenance convenience (0.623). Guest houses and social activity facilities for other visitors are not grouped into multiple factors in terms of simplification of the composition of the factors, but they are considered as additional detailed items to consider. A comprehensive analysis of the results of exploratory factor analysis on active seniors is conducted, and active seniors currently have physical health and relaxed economic power. As a result of factor analysis, the analysis results that the first factor (eco-friendly and external space) prefers a residential environment rich in eco-friendly ecological and leisure factors support this. In addition, although he is a healthy senior at present, the preference for the second factor (medical facilities and barrier-free) is interpreted as a major analysis result due to the uncertainty that his health can deteriorate at any time. The fourth factor (maintenance) is an essential item related to economic burden capacity, and can be said to be a detailed preference factor that explains the characteristics of active seniors as a rational economy.
Ideal fracton superfluids
Authors: Armas Jácome , Have Emil
Published: January 2024

We investigate the thermodynamics of equilibrium thermal states and their near-equilibrium dynamics in systems with fractonic symmetries in arbitrary curved space. By explicitly gauging the fracton algebra we obtain the geometry and gauge fields that field theories with conserved dipole moment couple to. We use the resultant fracton geometry to show that it is not possible to construct an equilibrium partition function for global thermal states unless part of the fractonic symmetries is spontaneously broken. This leads us to introduce two classes of fracton superfluids with conserved energy and momentum, namely pp-wave and ss-wave fracton superfluids. The latter phase is an Aristotelian superfluid at ideal order but with a velocity constraint and can be split into two separate regimes: The U(1) fracton superfluid and the pinned ss-wave superfluid regimes. For each of these classes and regimes we formulate a hydrodynamic expansion and study the resultant modes. We find distinctive features of each of these phases and regimes at ideal order in gradients, without introducing dissipative effects. In particular we note the appearance of a sound mode for ss-wave fracton superfluids. We show that previous work on fracton hydrodynamics falls into these classes. Finally, we study ultra-dense pp-wave fracton superfluids with a large kinetic mass in addition to studying the thermodynamics of ideal Aristotelian superfluids.
Capital structures of surviving Fortune 500 companies: A retrospective analysis for the past seven decades
Authors: Xie Wenjuan
Published: January 2024

Sixty companies on the inaugural “Fortune 500” list still remained on this list in 2020 and they have monotonically increased their leverage (median debt to total assets ratio rose from 0.5% to 20.4%) over the past 70 years. This study applies factors from classic capital structure theories to this sample and explains the dynamic choice of debt usage. The methods employed include a Bayesian information criterion selection process of explanatory variables and a set of pooled cross section and panel tests with 3,536 firm-year observations. The tests use an array of factors extracted from several established theories on capital structure, including general economic growth, tax rate, interest rate and many company-specific variables proxying profitability and growth opportunities. The firm-level results first provide support to the free cash flow theory and confirm that company size and fixed assets proportion are the two factors associated with increased borrowing. Firms in the sample also actively respond to certain debt market and macroeconomic conditions, and their leverage ratio is significantly associated with credit spread and real interest rate. Further tests across subperiods and with risk measures illustrate the impact of expected inflation, investments activities, and stock volatility, providing supporting evidence to the organizational theory. The main research conclusion is that large US companies adopt a balance sheet-based approach to increase the use of debt, and they stay sensitive and versatile to market conditions and risk landscape.
AcknowledgementsThe author declares no financial or personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence my work. The author thanks the journal editor and anonymous referees, Ahmad Etebari, Fred Kaen, discussants and participants at the Northeast Business and Economics Association 2022 annual meeting and the 2023 Global Finance Conference for their constructive critiques. All errors remain my responsibility.
Der Deutsche Frühkonstitutionalismus
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, Hong Il Sun
Published: January 2024

Nach dem Sturz Napoleons(1813) forderten die weiten Kreise der Bevölkerung in Deutschland die Errichtung eines deutschen Nationalstaates mit bürgerlicher Freiheit und demokratischer Mitbestimmung. Sie stießen jedoch auf Widerstand durch die Ereignisse des Wiener Kongreßes, auf dem die Errichtung eines Deutschen Bundes beschlossen wurde. Der Deutsche Bund war kein Staat, auch kein Bundesstaat, sondern ein Staatenbund. Bei der Auseinandersetzung um den berüchtigten Art. 13 der Deutschen Bundesakte machten die süddeutschen Staaten den Anfang in der Verfassungsgebung des deutschen Frühkonstitutionalismus, nämlich Bayern am 26. Mai 1818, Baden am 22. August 1818 und Würtemberg am 25. September 1819. Trotzdem waren die Foderungen nach nationaler Einheit und Verfassungsgebung nicht befriedigt worden. Nach dem Wartburgfest im Oktober 1817 und dem Attentat auf Kotzebue im März 1819 berieten die Ministerialkonferenzen des Deutshen Bundes in Karlsbad über Maßnahmen zur Überwachung und Bekämpfung nationalliberaler Forderungen. Das Resultat waren die Karlsbader Beschlüsse vom August 1819, die gravierende Beschränkungen für die liberalen und nationalen Bewegungen enthielten. Vor diesem Hintergrund schrieb Art. 57 Wiener Schlussakte vom Mai 1820 das monarchische Prinzip als Eckpfeiler des monarschischen Konstitutionalismus. Dass diese Bestimmung keinen dauerhaften Schutzwall gegen nationalliberale Verränderungswünsche bildete, zeigt die weitere Geschichte des Deutschen Bundes bis zum Ausbruch der Revolution von 1848 und zur Verfassungsgebung der Paulskirchenverfassung von 1849.
A Study for Constitutional Regulation of Fake News
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, Lee Heuiok
Published: January 2024

In a technological society where macro technologies, generative artificial intelligence, and platforms have accelerated by leaps and bounds, the risks and concerns of so-called fake news are intensifying. The Internet is a forum for expression, “the most participatory medium of expression”, as Constitutional Court has affirmed. Fake news is intentionally manipulated false information that has the appearance of a journalistic article. The rapid spread of fake news through social networking services (SNS) and personal media can lead to societal and structural problems by adversely affecting the judgment of individuals, threatening the freedom of expression on the Internet, which is rooted in freedom of thought. For this reason, it is necessary to regulate the creation and dissemination of fake news on the Internet. However, regulation in response to fake news eventually leads to restrictions on freedom of expression. Against this backdrop, the constitutional issues surrounding fake news and the response to it today are clear. It is a question of balancing the public interest protected by regulating fake news against the freedom of expression restricted by doing so. Regardless of the amount of money involved, it is difficult to determine whether information is true or false, and even false information can fall under the protection of free speech and expression. For this reason, legal regulation of fake news needs to be limited to those that objectively threaten people's basic rights and the basic order of liberal democracy, and whose danger or harm is obvious and requires urgency. As the issue of the regulation of fake news has become a hot topic in Korean society, this paper reviews the existing debate from a constitutional perspective and critically examines the dangers of fake news and the need for a constitutional legislative response, especially in the current era of changing technologies and platforms. To this end, we examined the legislative bills introduced in the 20th and 21st National Assemblies from the perspectives of the constitutional principles of clarity, proportionality, and pre-censorship funding, and examined the possibilities of responding to fake news in the current legislation, suggesting social science tools and self-regulation as complements to legislative regulation.
The Constitutional Guarantee of Birth Registration Right of (undocumented) Foreign Children
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, Kong Jin-Seong
Published: January 2024

Birth registration is a status system that begins a person's relationship as a member of a society and cannot be considered separate from the individual's personality formed through social relationships. Birth registration also serves the function of protecting the life and body of infants from mothers at risk. Foreign children should also be subject to the status system of birth registration, and their life and physical safety should be protected from families in crisis. In particular, in the case of unregistered foreign families, as there is uncertainty about their social status, the need to protect the lives and physical safety of their children also increases.
The right to birth registration serves as a prerequisite for the realization and protection of fundamental rights characterized as universal human rights, including the right to personality, freedom of family life, the right to life, and protection from physical harm. Given the sufficient human rights characteristics associated with the right to birth registration for foreigners, it can be established as a constitutional right.
In considering the content and features of foreigners' right to birth registration and its practical guarantees, several points should be taken into account when legislating on the birth registration of foreigners.
Firstly, the right to birth registration, functioning as a constitutional right, contributes to the life and safety of children as an identity registration system that should be acknowledged for all foreigners. Legislation embodying the right to birth registration should be sufficiently specific to ensure the registration rights of foreign-born children before the law's amendment and the rights of undocumented foreign children.
Secondly, given the close connection between the right to birth registration and family relationships based on the right to family life, it is desirable that the procedure for registering the birth of an alien reflects not only the alien's birth but also their status under family law.
Thirdly, the birth registration system needs to be organized flexibly, allowing foreign children facing difficulties obtaining birth registration documents to be registered.
Fourthly, the birth registration system should be organized to emphasize the immediacy of birth registration.
Lastly, the system should be structured to address concerns of undocumented alien parents, enabling them to register their children without fear of enforcement. This involves separating undocumented alien enforcement agencies from birth registration agencies, preventing the sharing of birth registration information, and imposing penalties on those who misuse birth registration information.
Limitations and improvement plans for the revision of the Public Official Election Act and the Political Party Act from the perspective of political representation of the young generation
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, Kim hyo youen
Published: January 2024

Recently amended legislation related to political participation has a positive aspect in that it has legally and institutionally expanded the political participation of the young generation, including the youth. however, there is a limit to the fact that the political party law still stipulates the grounds for party membership and activities that can embody youth's political responsiveness. In other words, Article 22, Paragraph 1 of the Political Party Act sets an age limit of “16 years of age or older” as a condition for joining a political party. As mentioned above, this has a positive aspect in that the existing voting age was lowered to 16 through revision. however, there is a limitation in restricting party membership and activities by stipulating membership in political parties in the Political Party Act and preventing youth under the age of 16 from becoming party members.
And in the case of deposits, the youth who have not achieved economic independence are actually restricted in exercising their right to hold public office, which has lowered the age of eligibility for election. Ultimately, follow-up legislative improvements are needed, such as setting the age for joining a political party by the party's voluntary choice, not a regulation in the Political Party Act, or abolishing the age for joining a party, and abolishing the deposit system that restricts the exercise of the right to hold public office by the younger generation.
Therefore, from the perspective of democracy and generational equality, this paper emphasizes that improvement should be made in the direction of expanding 'representation' by analyzing not only the expansion of the electorate but also the legal and institutional factors that restrict the right to be elected. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, after analyzing the limitations of the recently revised public official election law, Article 56, Paragraph 1 of the deposit system and the political party membership age regulation of Article 22, Paragraph 1 of the Political Party Act, we propose ways to improve them.
Meteorological characteristics of line-shaped rainbands in northern Japan and its surrounding seas under climate change
Authors: Ohya Yuta , Yamada Tomohito J.
Published: January 2024

In recent years, line-shaped rainbands (LRBs) have increased in Hokkaido, Japan. LRBs caused several flood disasters historically, thus the weather patterns that cause them need to be investigated. This study aimed to understand statistically the relationship between LRBs and weather patterns during the summer months under climate change conditions. Our study investigates the link between LRBs and weather patterns in Hokkaido during July and August, using historical and climate prediction models. With a 2°/4° global temperature rise, LRB occurrences in this region increase by approximately 1.51/2.07 times. The highest occurrences of LRBs correlate with increased water vapor flux from the south and positive pressure anomalies over the Pacific Ocean. Three main weather patterns contribute significantly to LRBs: (1) a nearby low-pressure system, (2) a strengthening Pacific High frontal pattern, and (3) approaching or landing typhoons in Hokkaido. These patterns double the LRB occurrence probability, a trait observed across past and projected climates (+2K and +4K experiments). These are important insights for future flood risk management.
Understanding the impact of population dynamics on water use utilizing multi-source big data
Authors: Zhou Guihuan , Li Zhanjie , Wang Wei , Wang Qianyang , Yu Jingshan
Published: January 2024

Population movement, such as commuting, can affect water supply pressure and efficiency in modern cities. However, there is a gap in the research concerning the relationship between water use and population mobility, which is of great significance for urban sustainable development. In this study, we analyzed the spatial–temporal dynamics of the population and its underlying mechanisms, using multi-source geospatial big data, including Baidu heat maps (BHMs), land use parcels, and point of interest. Combined with water consumption, sewage volume, and river depth data, the impact of population dynamics on water use was investigated. The results showed that there were obvious differences in population dynamics between weekdays and weekends with a ratio of 1.11 for the total population. Spatially, the population concentration was mainly observed in areas associated with enterprises, industries, shopping, and leisure activities during the daytime, while at nighttime, it primarily centered around residential areas. Moreover, the population showed a significant impact on water use, resulting in co-periods of 24 h and 7 days, and the water consumption as well as the wastewater production were observed to be proportional to the population density. This study can offer valuable implications for urban water resource allocation strategies.
Selection of representative general circulation models under climatic uncertainty for Western North America
Authors: Mahjour Seyed Kourosh , Liguori Giovanni , Faroughi Salah A.
Published: January 2024

Climate change research uses an ensemble of general circulation model runs (GCMs-runs) to predict future climate under uncertainties. To reduce computational costs, this study selects representative GCM-runs (RGCM-runs) for Western North America (WNA) based on their performance in replicating historical climate conditions from 1981 to 2005 and projecting future changes from 1981–2010 to 2071–2100. This evaluation is conducted under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5. By using an envelope-based selection technique and a multi-objective distance-based approach, we identify four RGCM-runs per RCP representing diverse climatic conditions, including wet-warm, wet-cold, dry-warm, and dry-cold. Compared to the full-set, these selected runs show a decreased mean absolute error (MAE) between the reference and RGCM-runs concerning the monthly average mean air temperature (T̄) and precipitation (P̄). For RCP4.5, T̄ MAE is 0.45 (vs. 0.58 in the full-set) and P̄ MAE is 0.31 (vs. 0.42). For RCP8.5, T̄ MAE is 0.51 (vs. 0.75) and P̄ MAE is 0.25 (vs. 0.36). The lower MAE values in the RGCM-run set indicate closer alignment between predicted and reference values, making the RGCM-run suitable for climate impact assessments in the region.
Lithological exploration for potable water lens in the Indus Delta and their connectivity with freshwater seepage and environment
Authors: Abro Zia-uddin , Shah Sabab Ali , Qureshi Abdul Latif , Soomro Asadullah , Jamali Muhammad Afzal , Kim Tae-Woong , Alharbi Raied Saad , Rahim Siti Azira Abd
Published: January 2024

The world's seventh-largest Indus Delta is gripped to extinction due to a continuous shortage of Indus River flows. The drastic fall in the ecology and coastal habitat due to the lack of freshwater flows, and the land degradation due to seawater intrusion is a simultaneous creeping hazard. The study aims to explore the potable water lens and their possible connection with seepage from freshwater bodies (rivers/ canals) to sustain them for drinking and agriculture use of 2 million populations. The study employed the electrical resistivity survey and 10 selected points along the Indus River at depths up to 300 m to baseline the rock type and groundwater quality; and drilling of bore logs at a maximum depth of 25 m. The result confirms the availability of two sandstone layers with marginal freshwater along the river and in some pockets; however brackish water was observed along the coast in a limestone formation. It is evident from the results that surface seepage from the Indus River and non-perennial ‘Pinyari’ canal has a progressive influence on the improvement of groundwater quality and confinement of seawater intrusion.
Preliminary Evidence of the Use of Generative AI in Health Care Clinical Services: Systematic Narrative Review
Authors: Yim Dobin , Khuntia Jiban , Parameswaran Vijaya , Meyers Arlen
Published: January 2024

Background

Generative artificial intelligence tools and applications (GenAI) are being increasingly used in health care. Physicians, specialists, and other providers have started primarily using GenAI as an aid or tool to gather knowledge, provide information, train, or generate suggestive dialogue between physicians and patients or between physicians and patients’ families or friends. However, unless the use of GenAI is oriented to be helpful in clinical service encounters that can improve the accuracy of diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes, the expected potential will not be achieved. As adoption continues, it is essential to validate the effectiveness of the infusion of GenAI as an intelligent technology in service encounters to understand the gap in actual clinical service use of GenAI.

Objective

This study synthesizes preliminary evidence on how GenAI assists, guides, and automates clinical service rendering and encounters in health care The review scope was limited to articles published in peer-reviewed medical journals.

Methods

We screened and selected 0.38% (161/42,459) of articles published between January 1, 2020, and May 31, 2023, identified from PubMed. We followed the protocols outlined in the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to select highly relevant studies with at least 1 element on clinical use, evaluation, and validation to provide evidence of GenAI use in clinical services. The articles were classified based on their relevance to clinical service functions or activities using the descriptive and analytical information presented in the articles.

Results

Of 161 articles, 141 (87.6%) reported using GenAI to assist services through knowledge access, collation, and filtering. GenAI was used for disease detection (19/161, 11.8%), diagnosis (14/161, 8.7%), and screening processes (12/161, 7.5%) in the areas of radiology (17/161, 10.6%), cardiology (12/161, 7.5%), gastrointestinal medicine (4/161, 2.5%), and diabetes (6/161, 3.7%). The literature synthesis in this study suggests that GenAI is mainly used for diagnostic processes, improvement of diagnosis accuracy, and screening and diagnostic purposes using knowledge access. Although this solves the problem of knowledge access and may improve diagnostic accuracy, it is oriented toward higher value creation in health care.

Conclusions

GenAI informs rather than assisting or automating clinical service functions in health care. There is potential in clinical service, but it has yet to be actualized for GenAI. More clinical service–level evidence that GenAI is used to streamline some functions or provides more automated help than only information retrieval is needed. To transform health care as purported, more studies related to GenAI applications must automate and guide human-performed services and keep up with the optimism that forward-thinking health care organizations will take advantage of GenAI.
Electrochemical characteristics of sugarcane bagasse-activated carbon as cathode material of lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: Dwiyaniti Murie , Krisnawati Ni Luh , Pramono Agus Edy , Subhan Achmad , Setiabudy Rudy , Hudaya Chairul
Published: January 2024

Investigation of the physical and the electrochemical characterization of the sugarcane bagasse-derived activated carbon (SBAC) as a cathode material of lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) was reported in this article. The as-prepared SBAC was tested by BET, SEM, and EDS characterization. SBAC was assembled as cathode material and lithium titanate oxide (LTO) as anode material used to fabricate LIC in a CR2032 coin cell. The results show the as-synthesized SBAC has a microporous architecture with a surface area of 1,906 m2/g. The developed LIC exhibited an energy density of 28.4 Wh/kg and a power density of 1,770 W/kg, and a capacity retention of 75% at 100 cycles. In addition, this LIC has a specific capacitance of 141.8 mF/g. This study indicates that sugarcane bagasse is a prospective carbonaceous materials for the cathode of LIC.
AI Chatbot using Machine Learning
Authors: Sharma Yash , Vatsal  , Raikwar Om , Tushar  , Wati Suresh
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Technology has had a significant impact on civilization in the contemporary era. Since the development of the greatest virtual assistants, chatbots have grown in popularity in conversational services. Chatbots are software systems that understand and process natural language. Chatbots can be a source of amusement, a vital component of home automation projects, offer advice on company strategy, and aid in other ways, in addition to supporting users with duties such as booking movie tickets or identifying the nearest restaurant. This paper will go over the many types of chatbots and their definitions. Furthermore, we propose a classification based on requirements, utility, and current market trends.
Overview of the Transition of the General High School Curriculum Organization and Operation System
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Ji-Young
Published: January 2024

Objectives This study attempted to examine the overall flow of how the general high school curriculum in Korea has been organized and operated in a time series.
Methods To this end, this study used literature research methods to collect general high school curriculum docu-ments from the 1st curriculum to the 2022 revised curriculum, and analyzed changes by revision period, focusing on the general high school curriculum organization and operation system, subject organization, and time dis-tribution standards.
Results First, it was confirmed that a general high school curriculum organization and operation system has been established and standardized, focusing on curriculum organization and time distribution standards. Second, it was confirmed that subjects suitable for the talents, aptitudes, abilities, and careers of general high school students have been properly imposed under the distinction between essential and optional. Third, in terms of efficiency in organizing and operating general high school curriculum, it was confirmed that the criteria for allocation and com-pletion time have been set in consideration of the situation of the local community and school, the needs of stu-dents, and the characteristics and contents of the subject.
Conclusions First, it is necessary to implement a customized curriculum system optimized based on the student's career so that general high school students can develop their own talents, aptitudes, and abilities and pioneer ca-reers in terms of lifelong learning. Second, to organize and operate a customized curriculum for students, it is nec-essary to restructure the subject by career of general high school students and reorganize the subject in consid-eration of the nature, scope, role, status, and weight of the subject in terms of balance, sequence, and concentration. Third, as the class volume standard shifts from unit to credit, it is necessary to autonomously adjust the criteria and scope of the class time distribution and the completion credit for each subject if necessary at school rather than limiting the general high school course completion credit to the minimum amount of instruction.
To support college students' employment Current Status and Tasks of University Employment Support Program
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim sun woo
Published: January 2024

Objectives This study analyzed the university employment support program to support college students' employment.
Methods To this end, prior research on employment support programs was analyzed, and employment support programs were identified targeting comparative programs conducted by domestic university employment support centers in 2023.
Results First, the most provided by universities is a career search program. Second, it appeared to be a program to increase employment competency. Third, it was identified as a practical support program for preparing for employment.
Conclusions First, there is a need for a plan to systematically support employment competency and enable self-reflection. As a result of looking at various university employment support programs, it was found that em-ployment competency was important. Second, it is necessary to provide customized publicity and services for col-lege students for career and employment counseling. Accordingly, if you actively promote on YouTube and Instagram that college students easily access and use, it can be easier to recruit program personnel. Third, it is necessary to establish the employment support program system so that it can be actively used. In other words, if students can be systematically managed, it will be possible to develop ways to secure excellent talent and in-crease the interest of non-participating students.
The Diagnosis of the Effectiveness of Learner-centered High School Credit System Policies
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Soomi , Lee Soojeong
Published: January 2024

Objectives This study aimed to diagnose the policy effects of the high school credit system by verifying whether ‘students’ choice of subjects' is practically guaranteed through research on the high school credit system and analysis of the curriculum organization and operation of research and leading schools.
Methods To this end, the contents of the high school credit system operation cases of research and leading schools designated by the Ministry of Education, as well as reports, plans, and research data of the Ministry of Education and related research institutes were analyzed. Among them, the number of school-designated courses and elective courses by year were compared and analyzed, focusing on the curriculum completion unit organ-ization table of schools that have continuously operated high school credit system research and leading schools for more than 3 years.
Results Through the research on the high school credit system and the analysis of the curriculum organization and operation of research and leading schools, it was confirmed that ‘students’ choice of subjects' in the organization of the high school curriculum has been expanded. This means that the school operates a variety of curricula.
Conclusions Through this study, it was confirmed that the high school credit system has expanded students' choice of subjects, and through this, various educational courses are operated. Therefore, in order to establish a high school credit system that guarantees students' right to choose subjects, it is necessary to provide policy sup-port to enhance teachers' competencies for the operation of the high school credit system.
A Study on the Development and Effects of a Scale to Measure Learning Competence Based on the Core College Competencies: With a focus on the application effects of an extracurricular program for low performers in learning
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Woo Eun-ju
Published: January 2024

Objectives This study aims to develop a scale to measure a set of learning competence elements based on the core college competencies by extracting them and investigating their effects by applying an extracurricular pro-gram to reinforce the competence of low performers in learning.
Methods For these purposes, the investigator tested the scale for its content validity with two Delphi surveys based on previous studies, selecting 176 items after the first survey and six components and 51 preliminary items after the second one. The main study carried out a confirmatory factor analysis to test the items by the component in fitness, reliability, and validity with students who participated in the extracurricular program and tested the model for fitness based on discriminant and convergent validity with AMOS 21.0.
Results Based on the results, the study developed a scale to measure learning competence with six components and 35 items. To investigate its effects, the extracurricular program to reinforce learning competence was applied to ten low performers in learning in two semesters with changes to their learning competence measurements analyzed. The analysis results show that there were significant outcomes for learning motives, self-directed, cre-ative convergence, learning strategies, and community spirit under the six components and no significant out-comes for learning affection.
Conclusions Based on these findings, the study offers some objective ground data helpful for each college and university to develop a custom scale to measure learning competence based on the core competencies, measure the degree of competence cultivation based on the characteristics of learners, and assess outcomes with custom extracurricular program supports, thus holding its research implications. Furthermore, we aim to lay the founda-tion for practicing and strengthening core competency education.
A Consensual Qualitative Study on Experiences in Group Dynamics by Clients for Group Counseling via Videoconferencing
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Cho Jaehyun , Jang Yoojin
Published: January 2024

Objectives This study was conducted to examine the group dynamics experience during video group counseling, focusing on the perspectives of group members who have undergone in-person group counseling.
Methods In-depth interviews were conducted from July to September 2021 with 10 participants who had experi-enced both in-person and video group counseling, and the collected data were analyzed using the consensual qualitative research (CQR) method.
Results The analysis resulted in a total of 4 areas, 12 categories, and 28 subcategories, and the main findings are as follows. Firstly, the online space was characterized by a unique experience marked by maintaining boundaries with others and a degree of immersion in the group. Secondly, relationships with group members were repre-sented as self-disclosure of group members depending on the atmosphere, rapport between group members that is somewhat difficult to form, and bonding that starts with a sense of connection still exists. Thirdly, the interactive experience on monitors was summarized as lack of realism does not prevent group dynamics, interaction formed while being watchful of others, omniscient monitoring, and conflict sparked within the group. Lastly, preferences for the video method were demonstrated in efficiency of video, confidentiality and privacy, and utilizing video tools and programs.
Conclusions This study extensively examined the group dynamics by analyzing the experiences of participants who underwent video group counseling in comparison to in-person counseling and also discussed the practical efficacy of video group counseling and its future implications.
Karabalgasun and Karakorum: Nomad Cities as Means of Communnication between Nomad Elites and the Multicultural Subjects
Authors: Rohland Hendrik , Franken Christina , Erdenebat Ulambayar , Batbayar Tumurochir
Published: January 2024

This paper introduces the phenomenon of urbanism in the context of the medieval empires of the steppe from a historical archaeological perspective. Several of the Inner Asian empires that emerged from predominantly nomadic societies developed some degree of urbanization. However, it seems inappropriate to regard this as a transition from nomadic to sedentary societies. On the contrary, we argue that the cities of these polities represent a specific type of urbanism that could only exist in this form in a nomad environment and served to facilitate interactions between the nomad elites and their often-sedentary subjects, allies and enemies. In this paper we present some of the archaeological evidence from two of these sites: Karabalgasun, the Uyghur capital from around 745 until 840 and Karakorum, which was allegedly founded 1220 by Genghis Khan and came to be known as capital of the Mongol Empire. In the comparison of the archaeological remains and the representation of these sites in the written sources of different cultures lie the hints that provide an insight into the purposes these cities served for their builders.
Formulas for Fundamental Natural Frequency of Plane Periodic Truss
Authors: Kirsanov Mikhail N.
Published: January 2024

This study considers a plane statically determinate truss with double lattice structure and without a lower chord. Well-known versions of this design are Fink and Bollman trusses. Two methods are used to derive the analytical relationship of the lower limit of the fundamental frequency with the number of panels in the periodic structure. It is assumed that mass of the truss is concentrated at its joints (nodes). The nodes vibrate vertically, and the number of degrees of freedom coincides with the number of nodes. The stiffness analysis of the truss is performed using the Maxwell - Mohr method. The forces in the elastic elements and the reactions of the roller and pin supports are calculated by the method of joints depending on the size of the truss and its order of periodicity. The system of linear equations is solved using the inverse matrix method. The Dunkerley method of partial frequencies is used to calculate the lower limit of the fundamental frequency. For a series of solutions obtained for trusses with different number of panels, the common term in the sequence of solution formulas is found by induction using Maple software. The solution coefficients have polynomial form in the number of panels of order not higher than the fifth. The solution is compared with an approximate version of the Dunkerley method, in which the sum of the terms corresponding to partial frequencies is calculated using the mean value theorem. The closeness of the frequency obtained by the two analytical methods to the numerical frequency spectrum solution is shown by particular examples. An approximate version of the Dunkerley method has a simpler form and an accuracy comparable to the original Dunkerley method.