bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical Thinking of Neo-Confucianism in Qing Dynasty from the Scope of Practice Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Deng Jie , Chuan Tee Boon
Published: September 2022

As the mainstream of Confucianism, the Song and Ming philosophies played an irreplaceable role in the 800 years of history from the Song dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty. The theoreticians were concerned with the principles of heaven, nature, and physics and especially with the principles of human nature, which changed in the Qing Dynasty to a practice-oriented way of thinking. However, the practical thinking of Qing dynasty Neo-Confucianism is difficult to apply to practice because of the obscure text and the limitations of the time period, so it is worth further discussing how to deconstruct and promote the learning of Qing dynasty practical thinking under the new technology. This paper systematically reviews the ideological origins and political practices of Qing dynasty Neo-Confucianism and proposes a knowledge-tracking model around deep learning technology, which not only provides a contemporary technological tool for deconstructing the practical thinking of Qing dynasty Neo-Confucianism but also provides an application path for the integration of technology and knowledge.
[Retracted] Recognition of Diabetic Retinopathy with Ground Truth Segmentation Using Fundus Images and Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Kshirsagar Pravin R. , Manoharan Hariprasath , Meshram Pratiksha , Alqahtani Jarallah , Naveed Quadri Noorulhasan , Islam Saiful , Abebe Tewodros Getinet
Published: September 2022

Diabetes problems can lead to a condition called diabetic retinopathy (DR), which permanently damages the blood vessels in the retina. If not treated, DR is a significant cause of blindness. The only DR treatments currently accessible are those that block or delay vision loss, which emphasizes the value of routine scanning with high‐efficiency computer‐based technologies to identify patients early. The major goal of this study is to employ a deep learning neural network to identify diabetic retinopathy in the retina’s blood vessels. The NN classifier is put to the test using the input fundus image and DR database. It effectively contrasts retinal images and distinguishes between classes when there is a legitimate edge. For the resolution of the problems in the photographs, it is particularly useful. Here, it will be tested to see if the classification of diabetic retinopathy is normal or abnormal. Modifying the existing study’s conclusion strategy, existing diabetic retinopathy techniques have sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy levels that are much lower than what is required for this research.
Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation, the Online and Offline Hybrid Teaching Mode of Physical Education Courses is Constructed
Authors: Qian Xiaodong , Li Xinhua
Published: September 2022

With the continuous development of the times, the educational concept in the information age continues to advance, in order to meet the needs of the society, each school in China has reformed and piloted according to its own situation to improve the quality of teaching. The research of conventional mixed physical education teaching, from the perspective of research methods, can be divided into two orientations: qualitative and quantitative. On the other hand, from the perspective of sample size, traditional research is a small sample study, and these objective behavioral data have opened up a new perspective for the research of blended physical education teaching from the research methods and research content. In this context, this paper combines the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to propose fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods for mixed physical education teaching, such as preclass preparation, in-class links, teaching content, and teaching methods and designs an online and offline hybrid teaching mode for physical education courses based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to construct an evaluation system, determine its fuzzy operators, determine indicators, and evaluate them comprehensively, reasonably and accurately through experiments. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is based on the fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method, which can evaluate the evaluation object from all aspects, can objectively reflect the essential characteristics of things, and the evaluation process of the mixed mode construction of physical education courses is more scientific and reasonable. The application of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method has effectively promoted the reform and improvement of education and provided a foundation for the continuous improvement and innovation of students’ learning and teachers’ teaching effects.
Research on the Flow Control of a Piston Cooling Nozzle
Authors: Zeng Xianren , Zhang Jiahui , Li Linmei , Hu Guangyan , Xie Weiming
Published: September 2022

The flow rate of a piston cooling nozzle is usually adjusted by changing the parameters of convergent length and inner diameter of the nozzle in engineering. However, the influence law and quantitative relationship between the flow rate and them are not clear. In this paper, the structural model and three-dimensional model of internal flow field of piston cooling nozzle are established by analyzing the structural characteristics and actual working conditions of piston cooling nozzles. Based on Fluent software, the flow field of piston cooling nozzles is simulated and analyzed. The distribution of velocity and pressure inside the piston cooling nozzle are obtained. The flow rate of fluid field is also obtained inside a piston cooling nozzle. In addition, the variation law of flow rate of the piston cooling nozzle is studied with the increasing of nozzle convergent length and diameter through several simulation experiments, respectively. The results show that the flow rate of piston cooling nozzle decreases linearly with the increase of the nozzle closing length. The flow rate of nozzle increases nonlinearly with the increase of the convergent diameter. Compared with the convergent length, the change of convergent diameter has a greater influence on the flow rate of piston cooling nozzles. Finally, the analytical expression of the flow rate of piston cooling nozzle about the convergent diameter is obtained, which is of great value and guiding significance to the nozzle engineering design.
Research on Urban Historical Block Planning Method Based on Big Data Multimedia Technology
Authors: Yang Mulan , Afla Mohamad Reza Bin Mohamed
Published: September 2022

With the application and popularization of big data technology, it is more advantageous than traditional urban planning to use big data multimedia technology to reasonably plan the historical blocks of the city. The protection and renewal of historical and cultural blocks have become the core elements to improve the quality of urban development and promote the development of “people-oriented” new urbanization. We analyze and study the planning methods of urban historical blocks under the big data technology. This paper analyzes the different values of historical blocks. By comparing the division effect and business operation mode of historical blocks under different technological environments, it is concluded that the efficiency of traditional data survey and statistical mode is faster than that of big data multimedia technology, and it is more accurate and efficient in analyzing and studying the commercial market and tourism development planning of historical blocks. Through big data multimedia technology data query, we have mastered the cultural connotation of the historical district, protected the historical environment, excavated the historical culture, activated the vitality of the district, and optimized the district environment. It provides convenient scientific and technological means for the protection and development planning of cultural heritage such as historical blocks in China.
Peak Factor Deviation Ratio Method for Division of Gaussian and Non-Gaussian Wind Pressures on High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Huang Dongmei , Zhu Zhaokun , Xie Hongling
Published: September 2022

The reasonable division of Gaussian and non-Gaussian wind pressures of building structure is beneficial to study the mechanism of wind load and adopt a reasonable peak factor estimation method. In this study, a pressure measurement wind tunnel test of a square high-rise building was conducted to study the division method for Gaussian and non-Gaussian wind pressures. Firstly, the skewness and kurtosis of wind pressures were analyzed, and then a normalized kurtosis-skewness linear distance difference (

δ

) was proposed. Moreover, the Gaussian and non-Gaussian criticality of wind pressure was discussed in combination with the wind pressure guarantee rate, and a peak factor deviation ratio (that is the deviation ratio between the complete probability peak factor with 99.95% guarantee rate and the Davenport peak factor) was proposed as the basis for Gaussian and non-Gaussian division. Subsequently, the functional relationships between the deviation ratio and the skewness and kurtosis as well as the

δ

were proposed, and then two classification criteria for Gaussian, weak non-Gaussian, and strong non-Gaussian regions were provided. Finally, the building surface wind pressures were divided into regions according to the classification criteria. The results show that the two Gaussian and non-Gaussian region division methods are reliable.
Prediction of Escherichia coli Bacterial and Coliforms on Plants through Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Prasath Alais Surendhar S. , Ramkumar Govindaraj , Prasad Ram , Pareek Piyush Kumar , Subbiah R. , Alarfaj Abdullah A. , Hirad Abdurahman Hajinur , Priya S. S. , Raju Raja
Published: September 2022

The researchers investigated the efficiency of several disinfectants in reducing coliforms and Escherichia coli rates on carrots and lettuce, as well as using ANN to calculate the bacteria on the edible plants. Fresh greens leaves are cleaned and dried in sterile water. Vaccinated leafy greens vegetables were immersed in a vessel and treated with chlorine, and we choose plant extracts to evaluate the impact of the extraction. The pH measurement was evaluated for both acids. After each treatment type was held at 4°C for 0, 1, 5, and 7 days, respectively, cumulative bacterial counts were evaluated. The quantity of surviving coliforms and Escherichia coli on lettuce was decreased by roughly 2-3 log 10 cfu/g (p 0.05) as the hypochlorite acids concentration is higher, compared to just about 1 log 10 cfu/g decrease on carrots. However, whenever the PA level is higher, the bacterium rates on carrots significantly decreased by 3-4 log 10 cfu/g (

p
>
0.05

), whereas the rates on lettuce leaves have only been lowered. The highest summation squared errors for remaining coliforms and E. coli via neural predictions were 0.40 and 0.64, correspondingly, while the highest regression analysis for remnant coliforms and E. coli was 0.95 and 0.82, including both.
Comparisons of Three Methods for Myopia Control in Adolescents
Authors: Du Ling-fang , He Fang , Tan Hua-xia , Gao Na , Song Wei-qiong , Luo Yu-xiu
Published: September 2022

Objective. A rising trend in electronic use has increased the prevalence of myopia in adolescents, but the optimal approach to controlling myopia remains undetermined. Here, we explored the effects of common single vision (SV) spectacle lenses combined with 0.01% atropine eye drops (SV + A), orthokeratology (OK) lenses, and peripheral defocus (PD) spectacle lenses on myopia control in adolescents. Methods. Totally 150 myopic adolescent patients (300 eyes) receiving treatment at The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou City were enrolled. According to doctors’ advice and guardians’ wishes, the patients were divided into SV + A group, OK group, and PD group, with each group consisting of 50 cases (100 eyes). The spherical equivalent, axial length, accommodative response index (accommodative sensitivity and accommodative lag), and intraocular pressure were compared before and after 12 months of wearing lenses, and the complications were recorded. Results. Before wearing lenses, there was no statistical significance in baseline characteristics such as age, gender, and spherical equivalent among the three groups (

P
>
0.05

). After wearing lenses, the increase in spherical equivalent and axial length in the SV + A and OK groups were lower than in the PD group (

P
<
0.05

), and the SV + A group had the lowest axial length growth. Compared with the SV + A group, accommodative sensitivity was much higher and accommodative lag was significantly lower in the OK and PD groups (

P
<
0.01

). In addition, there was no significant difference in intraocular pressure before and after wearing lenses among the three groups (

P
>
0.05

). Though the OK group patients had more complications, the difference was not statistically significant (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. SV + A, OK, and PD lenses can effectively control the progression of myopia in adolescents, but SV + A and OK lenses exhibited more significant effects.
Seborrheic Dermatitis as a Potential Trigger of Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia: A Review of Literature
Authors: Okwundu Nwanneka , Ogbonna Chiagoziem , McMichael Amy J.
Published: September 2022

Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a common form of scarring alopecia that affects the crown or vertex of the scalp as centrifugally spreading patches of permanent hair loss. The etiology of CCCA is uncertain. Genetic predisposition, autoimmune diseases, infections (bacterial and fungal), and other idiopathic factors have all been explored as potential risk factors for the development of CCCA. Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) has been identified in a number of studies as the most common concurrent hair disorder seen in patients with CCCA. The high prevalence of SD in African American women and its association with long-term inflammation of the scalp may increase the likelihood of a connection between SD and other inflammatory conditions of the scalp in this population. Since it has frequently been discovered as a concomitant diagnosis in patients with CCCA, we hypothesize that a history of SD may play a role in the pathogenesis of CCCA.
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Individual Presenting as a Solitary Space-Occupying Lesion: A Case Report
Authors: Mehmood Khawar Tariq , Shahid Amina
Published: September 2022

We report a case of an apparently healthy, immunocompetent individual who presented with headache and symptoms suggestive of raised intracranial pressure. Neurological imaging revealed marked edema in the basal ganglia. His history was remarkable for sustained contact with domestic felines. He was started on trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole based on history, strongly positive serology, and radiological findings. He showed a marked response to treatment. The characteristic radiological findings, serology, and dramatic response to treatment confirmed the diagnosis in this case. A tissue diagnosis was not required in our case. This case highlights that immunocompetent individuals can develop neurological manifestations. Though cerebral toxoplasmosis is classically associated with multiple lesions, our case highlights that presentation as a solitary space-occupying lesion is also possible. Further research is needed to ascertain if prolonged exposure or extensive exposure is associated with severe manifestations.
Electrophysiological Safety Profile of Antiestrogenic Therapies in the Isolated Rabbit Heart
Authors: Wolfes Julian , Ellermann Christian , Kirchner Lina Marie , Willy Kevin , Rath Benjamin , Leitz Patrick Robert , Eckardt Lars , Frommeyer Gerrit
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Hormone-mediated therapies are on the rise and are key therapies in the treatment of some of the most common cancer entities. Proarrhythmic effects have been described in patients treated with SERMs while little to none is known about the electrophysiological effects of the potentially less arrhythmogenic selective estrogen receptor degraders. Methods: Twenty hearts of female New Zealand White rabbits were excised and retrogradely perfused employing a Langendorff setup. An electrophysiology study was performed to obtain CL-dependent action potential duration at 90% of repolarization (APD90), QT interval, effective refractory period (ERP), and post-repolarization refractoriness (PRR = ERP-APD90). After generating baseline data, the hearts were assigned to two groups and perfused with (n = 10) increasing doses of fulvestrant (1 µM and 5 µM; n = 10) or tamoxifen (2.5 µM and 7.5 µM; n = 10), and the protocol was repeated again. Results: Fulvestrant led to a decrease in APD90 and QT interval and an increased PRR. The inducibility of ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes was unaltered. Tamoxifen showed similar effects, resulting in a shortened APD90 and QT interval and no increased VT incidence in the setting of a prolonged PRR. Conclusion: The present study shows no acute proarrhythmic effect of tamoxifen and fulvestrant in an established whole heart model when employing clinically relevant concentrations.
Effect of switched-capacitor on super-lift Luo converter
Authors: Hussein Hussein Abdulkhudhur , Motlak Hassan Jassim , Abdali Almusawi Harith Nawfal
Published: September 2022

With the increasing need for solar energy and the need for DC-DC converters that are more efficient, smaller in size, less expensive, and faster in response, in this paper, we will modify the positive output super-lift Luo converter using a switched-capacitor cell. It consists of two capacitors that are charged in parallel and discharged in series to raise the output voltage, the use of capacitors in-stead of inductors increases the voltage, because capacitors are more efficient and have a smaller size than inductors and provide faster and smoother charging and discharging than inductors, so a capacitive cell has been used. The circuit was simulated using the physical security information management (PSIM) program. The current, voltage, and gain co-efficient waves were analyzed and the theoretical equations were proven. The circuit was also linked with the maximum power point tracker using the same program with a solar cell to get the most benefit from the solar energy using this type of converter.
Investigative uses of overmodulation techniques in modular multilevel cascaded converter
Authors: Thakre Mohan P. , A. Gangurde Jayesh , Shriwastava Rakesh , P. Kadam Deepak , Somnath Kadlag Sunil , S. Sonawane Haridarshan
Published: September 2022

Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is a method to generate the switching gate pulse of the converter. Overmodulation is a method where the modulation index exceeds the unity value and the system goes into the nonlinear region. To maintain the system in a linear region when operating in the overmodulation region, some techniques are developed. These techniques helped to operate the system in the linear range. Medium and high-power energy conversion systems mostly use a modular multilevel cascaded converter (MMCC), which has been an issue improving significantly in recent years. In this article, MMCC-based overmodulation techniques are compared with conventional PWM and analyzed on DC bus utilization (DBU), and total harmonic distortion (THD). MATLAB/Simulink digital platform used demonstrate overmodulation technique.
Acceptance of augmented reality in video conference based learning during COVID-19 pandemic in higher education
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Ramadhan Arief , Abdurachman Edi , Trisetyarso Agung , Zarlis Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Three years after the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, we have adapted to the new normal, especially in the education field. Learning with video conferences has become our daily activity, and learning tools have gotten more prominent attention to gain student engagement, especially in emergency remote teaching (ERT). Since the trends of metaverse campaigns by meta, augmented reality (AR) has increased recognition in education contexts. However, very little research about the acceptance of augmented reality in video conferences, especially among university students. This paper aims to measure acceptance of AR in video conferences to motivate and inspire students to gain benefits and get impactful technology in the learning process. The research gathered data from a survey of 170 university students (from 5 majors in the study program and 17 different demographic areas) using unified theory of acceptance of technology 2 (UTAUT2). The result reveals that variables significantly impact acceptance: performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and habit. The least significant but still positive effects are effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. The study will provide helpful information on AR technology in video conferences and help top-level management in the university that provides online/distance learning in the early diffusion stage for metaverse in education.
A crypto-steganography scheme for IoT applications based on bit interchange and crypto-system
Authors: Alsamaraee Suray , Ali Ali Salem
Published: September 2022

Image steganography and cryptography have been used widely due to the dramatic evolution of the internet of things (IoT) and the simplicity of capturing and transferring digital images. Pressing challenges in the context of a steganography system include security, imperceptibility, and capacity issues. In the existing schemes, fixing one issue has been indicated to affect the other and vice versa. Based on the above challenges, a new scheme has been proposed for the Crypt-steganography scheme. The proposed scheme consists of three main contributions. The first contribution is hybrid additive cryptography (HAC), which is related to encrypting secret messages before the embedding process to ensure security. The HAC depends on ElGamal elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) with cubic Bézier curve to achieve text confidentiality. The second contribution is a bit interchange method (BIGM), which is related to the embedding process and solves the image's imperceptibility. The third contribution is a new image partitioning method (IPM). The IPM contribution increases the randomization of selecting the embedding pixels. The IPM proposes a random pixel selection based on three iterations of the Hénon Map function used with IPM. Different parameters are used to evaluate the proposed scheme. Based on the findings, the proposed scheme gives evidence to overcome existing challenges.
Anti-disturbance GITSMC with quick reaching law for speed control of PMSM drive
Authors: Halledj Salah Eddine , Bouafassa Amar
Published: September 2022

In this article, in order to minimize response time and enhance anti-disturbance performance of parmanent magnet synchronous motor, a global integral terminal sliding mode control based on improved quick reaching law (GITSMC-QRL) is developed. This novel reaching law has two terms which play a key role of bringing state trajectory to sliding surface as quick as possible whenever the system is close to or far from the manifold. The proposed controller cannot only speed up the convergence rate, but also has ability to suppress the chattering and ensure finite time stability. In order to avoid the chattering phenomenon caused by load disturbances and high switching gain of sliding mode control, an extended hyperbolic tangent state observer is designed as feedforward compensation compensator that is added to GITSMC. Finally, the novel scheme is validated on paremanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive through simulation, and the comparative results in various conditions show the robustness, the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Toothed log periodic graphene-based antenna design for THz applications
Authors: Rasheed Farah Mustafa , Abdulnabi Hussein A.
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a graphene-based toothed log-periodic antenna for the THz frequency region (0.1–10) THz applications. By adjusting the applied DC voltage on the graphene, the antenna's properties, such as bandwidth, radiation pattern operational frequency ranges have been shifted. The chemical potential, surface conductivity, and surface impedance of the graphene are affected by changing applied DC voltage and hence a reconfigurable antenna has been resulting. The suggested antenna's radiating element is from a graphene material and has log-periodic shape, with 50 ohm feed line placed on the grounded silicon dioxide substrate, 1 µm-thick layers of silicon crystalline and alumina on top of the substrate. The antenna is simulated by the computer simulation technology (CST) 2020 software program. The resultant bandwidth (7-10) TH has a return loss of less than -10 when the chemical potential of graphene is 1eV.
Multi-feature stacking order impact on speech emotion recognition performance
Authors: Tanoko Yoga , Zahra Amalia
Published: September 2022

One of the biggest challenges in implementing SER is to produce a model that performs well and is lightweight. One of the ways is using one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) and combining some handcrafted features. 1D CNN is mostly used for time series data. In time series data, the order of information plays an important role. In this case, the order of stacked features also plays an important role. In this work, the impact of changing the order is analyzed. This work proposes to brute force all possible combinations of feature orders from five features: Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC), Mel-spectrogram, chromagram, spectral contrast, and tonnetz, then uses 1D CNN as the model architecture and benchmarking the model's performance on the Ryerson audio-visual database of emotional speech and song (RAVDESS) dataset. The results show that changing the order of features can impact overall classification accuracy, specific emotion accuracy, and model size. The best model has an accuracy of 79.17% for classifying 8 emotion classes with the following order: spectral contrast, tonnetz, chromagram, Mel-spectrogram, and MFCC. Finding a suitable order can increase the accuracy up to 16.05% and reduce the model size up to 96%.
Soft values based detector for bit interleaved coded modulation multi input multi output systems
Authors: Jabir Amjad N. , Noori Atyaf Sami
Published: September 2022

With the advantages of spatial multiplexing multi input multi output (MIMO) systems in terms of high transmission capacity, the high complexity of the detector at the receiver side of such systems is a major issue. Performance, in terms of bit error rate (BER) is studied for bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) MIMO systems. List based generation of (bits) soft values is considered for 2 by 2, 4 by 4 systems with 16,64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and different list sizes utilizing a non systematic convolutional code. Using a sphere detector partial tree search, a scheme is suggested and shown to be more computationally efficient (in terms of the average number of scanned nodes) than a reported alternative for block, flat fading channels. Simulation results reveal that performance in terms of BER can still be maintained.
Studying the effect of changing Input conditions on MMF using MGDM technique
Authors: Mohammed Zahraa H. , Issa Radhi Sehen , Ahmed Sadiq
Published: September 2022

The mode group diversity multiplexing (MGDM) multicast technology uses optical multiple input and output (O-MIMO) technology to provide greater capacity and the ability to transmit information over multi-mode fiber (MMF). The MGDM system has a benefit in terms of capacity expansion, which led to interest in its use in most optical communications. The MGDM exploits the optical fiber bandwidth by inserting spatial light detection, which increases the capacity of the MMF. This research aims to study the optical systems used for the MGDM technology, and to identify the methods of their analysis and design of O-MIMO systems to increase the amplitude of this signal. The conditions of light entry into the optical fiber such as typical spot size, radial displacements, angle, wavelength, and radius of the detectors sections are improved. Numerical MATLAB simulation is used to improve the amplitude of graded index multimode fiber (GI-MMF) and compared to the existing aggregation systems. Moreover, this method was simulated to improve the input and detection conditions to increase the O-MIMO capacity using the MGDM technique. Finally, the capacity of the MGDM system was studied and compared with different channels, and it is noticed that the capacity of the system increases with increasing the number of channels.
Modeling and analysis of brushless DC motor system based on intelligent controllers
Authors: Mohammed Al Mashhadany Yousif Ismail , Khudhair Abbas Ahmed , Saadoon Algburi Sameer
Published: September 2022

The constant innovative advancements of brushless DC motors (BLDCMs) have discovered a wide scope of utilizations. For instance, underground electric vehicles, drones, and submerged bikes have just confirmed elite BLDCMs. Be that as it may, their appropriation requires control frameworks to screen torque, speed and other execution attributes. This paper presents numerous brilliant controllers structure and order line programming to assemble, alter and mimic intelligent to control BLDCMs. Recently planned graphical user interface (GUI) structure for Multi controllers: conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller, intelligent controller based fuzzy techniques: type 1, type 2, and modified type 2 fuzzy logic controller (T1FLC, IT2FLC, and MIT2FLC respectively). Different phases of the problematic framework configuration process, from the underlying depiction to the last usage, can be acquired from the altered tool compartment. MATLAB Ver.2019b was utilized to mimic and plan all procedure GUI. The agreeable aftereffects of MIT2FLC have been approved also; the examination gives the subtleties of the GUI program through estimations, shapes, flowcharts and code, giving understanding into the presumptions of common-sense boundaries that may emerge in such a minimal effort mentor for BLDCM. At last, the outcomes acquired through a few reproduction tests affirm the legitimacy of the showed math model and designing of intelligent controllers.
Reliability evaluation of distribution system integrated with distributed generation
Authors: V. S. S. Sailaja Ch. , V. N. Prasad Polaki
Published: September 2022

Distributed generation (DG) improves the reliability of the system by providing a means of alternate power supply to the load points. DG is integrated to meet the system load along with the utility. In this work roy billinton test system (RBTS) bus 4 is considered for evaluating the effect of DG integration on system reliability. Reliability is evaluated using failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) technique and the results are validated using Monte Carlo simulation technique. A MATLAB program is developed for both the techniques to evaluate the reliability. The failure rate of DG and the islanding capability of the DG are considered to resemble the practical operating conditions of DG. When DG is operating in islanded mode, if DG fails it affects the outage time of the load points. DG failure rate is also considered as the second order failure event overlapping with the feeder section failures. All the practical operating conditions of DG considered and their effect on the reliability of the system is evaluated.
Angiopoietin-1 Is Required for Vortex Vein and Choriocapillaris Development in Mice
Authors: Liu Pan , Lavine Jeremy A. , Fawzi Amani , Quaggin Susan E. , Thomson Benjamin R.
Published: September 2022

Background:

The choroidal vasculature, including the choriocapillaris and vortex veins, is essential for providing nutrients to the metabolically demanding photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. Choroidal vascular dysfunction leads to vision loss and is associated with age-related macular degeneration and the poorly understood pachychoroid diseases including central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy that are characterized by formation of dilated pachyvessels throughout the choroid.

Methods:

Using neural crest-specific
Angpt1
knockout mice, we show that Angiopoietin 1, a ligand of the endothelial receptor TEK (also known as Tie2) is essential for choriocapillaris development and vortex vein patterning.

Results:

Lacking choroidal ANGPT1, neural crest-specific
Angpt1
knockout eyes exhibited marked choriocapillaris attenuation and 50% reduction in number of vortex veins, with only 2 vortex veins present in the majority of eyes. Shortly after birth, dilated choroidal vessels resembling human pachyvessels were observed extending from the remaining vortex veins and displacing the choriocapillaris, leading to retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and subretinal neovascularization similar to that seen in pachychoroid disease.

Conclusions:

Together, these findings identify a new role for ANGPT1 in ocular vascular development and demonstrate a clear link between vortex vein dysfunction, pachyvessel formation, and disease.
Alcohol Intake and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Negative Control Analysis in the ALSPAC Cohort
Authors: Martin Florence Z. , Fraser Abigail , Zuccolo Luisa
Published: September 2022

Background

Alcohol intake increases blood pressure yet estimates of associations between maternal intake and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are sparse and range from null to a protective effect. Here we estimated the association of maternal drinking during pregnancy with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (separately and jointly, as HDP). We used partner's alcohol intake as a negative control exposure, beverage type‐specific models, and a range of sensitivity analyses to strengthen causal inference and reduce the influence of bias.

Methods and Results

We performed a longitudinal analysis of prospectively collected data on self‐reported alcohol intake and presence of HDP from the UK ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) cohort. Multivariable multinomial regression models were adjusted for confounders and mutually adjusted for partner's or maternal alcohol intake in the negative control analysis. We also performed a beverage type analysis of the effect of beer and wine separately on HDP risk, owing to different social patterning associated with different drinks. Sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of results to assumptions of no recall bias, no residual confounding, and no selection bias. Of the 8999 women eligible for inclusion, 1490 fulfilled the criteria for HDP (17%). Both maternal and partner's drinking were associated with decreased HDP odds (mutually adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.86; [95% CI, 0.77–0.96],
P
=0.008 and OR, 0.82; [95% CI, 0.70–0.97],
P
=0.018, respectively). We demonstrate the validity of the negative control analyses using the same approach for smoking as the exposure. This confirmed an inverse association for maternal but not partner's smoking, as expected. Estimates were more extreme for increasing levels of wine intake compared with increasing levels of beer. Multiple sensitivity analyses did not alter our conclusions.

Conclusions

We observed an inverse relationship between alcohol intake during pregnancy and risk of HDP for both maternal and, more surprisingly, partner's drinking. We speculate that this is more likely to be due to common environmental exposures shared between pregnant women and their partners rather than a true causal effect. This warrants further investigation using different study designs, including Mendelian randomization.
Supporting the Heterogeneous and Evolving Treatment Preferences of Patients With Heart Failure Through Collaborative Home‐Based Palliative Care
Authors: Campos Erin , Isenberg Sarina R. , Lovblom Leif Erik , Mak Susanna , Steinberg Leah , Bush Shirley H. , Goldman Russell , Graham Cassandra , Kavalieratos Dio , Stukel Therese , Tanuseputro Peter , Quinn Kieran L.
Published: September 2022

Background

We characterized the treatment preferences, care setting, and end‐of‐life outcomes among patients with advanced heart failure supported by a collaborative home‐based model of palliative care.

Methods and results

This decedent cohort study included 250 patients with advanced heart failure who received collaborative home‐based palliative care for a median duration of 1.9 months of follow‐up in Ontario, Canada, from April 2013 to July 2019. Patients were categorized into 1 of 4 groups according to their initial treatment preferences. Outcomes included location of death (out of hospital versus in hospital), changes in treatment preferences, and health service use. Among patients who initially prioritized quantity of life, 21 of 43 (48.8%) changed their treatment preferences during follow‐up (mean 0.28 changes per month). The majority of these patients changed their preferences to avoid hospitalization and focus on comfort at home (19 of 24 changes, 79%). A total of 207 of 250 (82.8%) patients experienced an out‐of‐hospital death. Patients who initially prioritized quantity of life had decreased odds of out‐of‐hospital death (versus in‐hospital death; adjusted odds ratio, 0.259 [95% CI, 0.097–0.693]) and more frequent hospitalizations (mean 0.45 hospitalizations per person‐month) compared with patients who initially prioritized quality of life at home.

Conclusions

Our results yield a more detailed understanding of the interaction of advanced care planning and patient preferences. Shared decision making for personalized treatment is dynamic and can be enacted earlier than at the very end of life.
Learning to Crawl: Determining the Role of Genetic Abnormalities on Postoperative Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Landis Benjamin J. , Helm Benjamin M. , Herrmann Jeremy L. , Hoover Madeline C. , Durbin Matthew D. , Elmore Lindsey R. , Huang Manyan , Johansen Michael , Li Ming , Przybylowski Leon F. , Geddes Gabrielle C. , Ware Stephanie M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Our cardiac center established a systematic approach for inpatient cardiovascular genetics evaluations of infants with congenital heart disease, including routine chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing. This provides a new opportunity to investigate correlation between genetic abnormalities and postoperative course.

Methods and Results

Infants who underwent congenital heart disease surgery as neonates (aged ≤28 days) from 2015 to 2020 were identified. Cases with trisomy 21 or 18 were excluded. Diagnostic genetic results or CMA with variant of uncertain significance were considered abnormal. We compared postoperative outcomes following initial congenital heart disease surgery in patients found to have genetic abnormality to those who had negative CMA. Among 355 eligible patients, genetics consultations or CMA were completed in 88%. A genetic abnormality was identified in 73 patients (21%), whereas 221 had negative CMA results. Genetic abnormality was associated with prematurity, extracardiac anomaly, and lower weight at surgery. Operative mortality rate was 9.6% in patients with a genetic abnormality versus 4.1% in patients without an identified genetic abnormality (
P
=0.080). Mortality was similar when genetic evaluations were diagnostic (9.3%) or identified a variant of uncertain significance on CMA (10.0%). Among 14 patients with 22q11.2 deletion, the 2 mortality cases had additional CMA findings. In patients without extracardiac anomaly, genetic abnormality was independently associated with increased mortality (
P
=0.019). CMA abnormality was not associated with postoperative length of hospitalization, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or >7 days to initial extubation.

Conclusions

Routine genetic evaluations and CMA may help to stratify mortality risk in severe congenital heart disease with syndromic or nonsyndromic presentations.
Temporal Trends in Incidence of Premature Cardiovascular Disease Over the Past 7 Decades: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Vasan Ramachandran S. , Song Rebecca J. , van den Heuvel Edwin R.
Published: September 2022

Background

Premature onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) imposes a significant societal burden and challenges prevention efforts.

Methods and Results

Trends in the incidence of premature CVD (before age 55, 60, or 65 years, separate analysis for each threshold) were evaluated in 14 464 Framingham Heart Study participants over 7 decades of observation (1950–2019). The change in the incidence of premature CVD (per decade) in men and women was assessed using overdispersed Poisson regression (accounting for cohort effects), adjusting for age at entry and age at onset of premature CVD within each decade. CVD was defined as a composite of fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease, stroke or transient ischemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure. There were 2223 first CVD events (832 in women) before age 65 years during 282 481 person‐years of observations (154 587 in women) between 1950 and 2019. The age‐adjusted CVD incidence before age 65 years decreased from 14.8 per 1000 person‐years (1950–1959) to 4.69 per 1000 person‐years (2010–2019) in men and from 7.23 per 1000 person‐years (1950–1959) to 1.73 per 1000 person‐years (2010–2019) in women. In adjusted analyses, the incidence of premature CVD decreased per decade in men (18.4% [95% CI, 12.0%–24.0%], for onset before age 55 years; 19.5% [95% CI, 12.0%–27.0%], for onset before age 60 years; 21.3% [95% CI, 16.0%–27.0%], for onset before age 65 years) and women (15.1% [95% CI, 7.0%–22.0%], for onset before age 55 years; 14.0% [95% CI, 6.0%–22.0%], for onset before age 60 years; 18.2% [95% CI, 12.0%–24.0%], for onset before age 65 years). The decline in premature CVD was accompanied by a reduction in smoking and increased use of lipid‐lowering treatments across the decades. Incidence of premature coronary heart disease decreased, whereas the contribution of stroke to premature CVD burden increased over time.

Conclusions

The incidence of premature CVD has decreased among White adults in the Framingham cohort over the past 70 years; the residual burden of premature stroke warrants further study. Additional studies of trends in premature CVD in more racially and geographically diverse populations are warranted to elucidate the generalizability of these findings.
𝓗1 persistent features of the resting-state connectome in healthy subjects
Authors: Martínez-Riaño Darwin Eduardo , González Fabio , Gómez Francisco
Published: September 2022

The analysis of the resting-state functional connectome commonly relies on graph representations. However, the graph-based approach is restricted to pairwise interactions, not suitable to capture high-order interactions, that is, more than two regions. This work investigates the existence of cycles of synchronization emerging at the individual level in the resting-state fMRI dynamic. These cycles or loops correspond to more than three regions interacting in pairs surrounding a closed space in the resting dynamic. We devised a strategy for characterizing these loops on the fMRI resting state using persistent homology, a data analysis strategy based on topology aimed to characterize high-order connectivity features robustly. This approach describes the loops exhibited at the individual level on a population of 198 healthy controls. Results suggest that these synchronization cycles emerge robustly across different connectivity scales. In addition, these high-order features seem to be supported by a particular anatomical substrate. These topological loops constitute evidence of resting-state high-order arrangements of interaction hidden on classical pairwise models. These cycles may have implications for the synchronization mechanisms commonly described in the resting state.
Measuring Preferences for Income Equality and Income Mobility
Authors: Lara E. Bernardo , Shores Kenneth A.
Published: September 2022

This paper quantifies preferences for income equality and mobility by generating statistics that are uncorrelated with beliefs and can be interpreted as marginal rates of substitution (MRS). All things being equal, U.S. residents are willing to reduce average income by $2,744 to reduce the 90/10 income inequality ratio one unit, and $1,228 to increase income mobility from the bottom quintile one percentage point. Democrats and Independents have similar preferences for both social variables, while Republicans have an MRS that is about two-thirds that of Democrats and Independents for both income inequality and mobility.
Freeway Revolts! The Quality of Life Effects of Highways
Authors: Brinkman Jeffrey , Lin Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

Why do freeways affect spatial structure? We identify and quantify the local disamenity effects of freeways. Freeways cause slower growth in central neighborhoods (where local disamenities exceed regional accessibility benefits) compared with outlying neighborhoods (where access benefits exceed disamenities). A quantitative model calibrated to Chicago attributes one-third of the effect of freeways on central-city decline to reduced quality of life. Barrier effects are a major factor in the disamenity value of a freeway. Local disamenities from freeways, as opposed to their regional accessibility benefits, had large effects on the spatial structure of cities, suburbanization, and welfare.
Ask a Local: Improving the Public Pricing of Land Titles in Urban Tanzania
Authors: Manara Martina , Regan Tanner
Published: September 2022

Information on willingness-to-pay is key for public pricing and allocation of services but not easily collected. Studying land titles in Dar-es-Salaam, we ask whether local leaders know and will reveal plot owners’ willingness-to-pay. We randomly assign leaders to predict under different settings then elicit owners’ actual willingness-to-pay. Demand is substantial but below exorbitant fees. Leaders can predict the aggregate demand curve and distinguish variation across owners. Predictions worsen when used to target subsidies, but adding cash incentives mitigates this. We demonstrate that leader-elicited information can improve the public pricing of title deeds, raising uptake while maintaining public funds.
Fear and the Safety Net: Evidence from Secure Communities
Authors: Alsan Marcella , Yang Crystal S.
Published: September 2022

We study the effects of Secure Communities, an immigration enforcement program that dramatically increased interior removals of Hispanic noncitizens from the United States, on participation in means-tested social insurance programs among co-ethnic citizens. Exploiting county-level variation in the roll-out of enforcement together with its ethnic specificity, we find that Hispanic-headed citizen households significantly reduced their participation in two large federal safety net programs. Our results are most consistent with network effects that propagate fear through minority communities rather than stigma or lack of benefit information.
Licensing Life-Saving Drugs for Developing Countries: Evidence from the Medicines Patent Pool
Authors: Galasso Alberto , Schankerman Mark
Published: September 2022

We study the effects of the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP)—an institution that pools patents across geographical markets—on the licensing and adoption of life-saving drugs in low- and middle-income countries. We show the presence of an immediate and large increase in licensing when a patent is included in the MPP. We also show evidence that the pool increases actual entry and volume of sales, but these impacts are much smaller than on licensing, which is due to the geographic bundling of licenses. The paper highlights the potential of pools in promoting diffusion of biomedical innovation in developing countries.