bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF OESTRADIOL AND PROLACTIN INFLUENCING THE INCIDENCE OF 3‐METHYLCHOLANTHRENE INDUCED CERVICAL CARCINOMAS IN MICE
Authors: Forsberg John‐Gunnar , Breistein Liv Stray
Published: August 2010

Castrated NMRI mice were laparotomized and a thread impregnated with beeswax‐methylcholanthrene was inserted into the uterine cervix. Beginning on the day of operation and for a further 5 days the animals were injected with oestradiol, prolactin, oestradiol‐prolactin, oestradiol‐prolactin‐progesterone, or the solvents for the hormones only. One group of animals were injected with oestradiol‐prolactin for 6 days and later with progesterone every third day until death. The animals were killed one or 4 weeks after the operation. Among the one‐week animals the number of cervices presenting epithelial downgrowths (“buds”) into the stroma was higher after treatment with a combination of oestradiol and prolactin than after treatment with each hormone separately or among the controls. Four weeks after operation, the incidence of squamous cervical carcinomas was seen to be significantly higher among animals injected with both oestradiol and prolactin than in controls or in those injected with oestradiol or prolactin alone. Progesterone had no definite effect on the oestradiol‐prolactin induced incidence. The mechanism behind the synergistic effect of prolactin and oestradiol is discussed.
THE INFLUENCE OF INFECTION ON THE CONTENT OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES IN RAT KUPFFER CELLS AND HEPATOCYTES
Authors: Berg Trond , Midtvedt Tore
Published: August 2010

The activities of β‐glucuronidase, arylsulphatase A and acid DNAase were measured in homogenates from Kupffer cells and hepatocytes prepared from germ‐free, monocontaminated and conventional rats. The cells were prepared from a liver cell suspension obtained by treating the perfused liver with collagenase. Kupffer cells from germ‐free rats were found to have lower lysosomal enzyme activities than cells obtained from conventional rats. Monocontaminated animals (E. coli or Streptococcus pyogenes) showed intermediate activities. Our data indicate that the level of lysosomal enzymes in macrophages is a function of the endocytic activity of these cells.
THE RAPID‐FLOW CYTOFLUOROMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF TUMOR CELLS IN EXFOLIATED CELL POPULATIONS
Authors: Rubio C. A. , Thorell B.
Published: August 2010

The presence of tumor cells in exfoliated cell populations from the cervix of mice could be readily displayed with rapid‐flow cytofluorometry.
PENETRATION OF FLUORESCENT HOMOLOGOUS SERUM PROTEINS INTO THE WALL OF THE AORTA IN RATS WITH ACUTE ANGIOTENSIN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Olsen Finn
Published: August 2010

A few hours of acute angiotensin hypertension in rats increased the permeability of the thoracic part of the aorta for plasma components. The permeability, which was demonstrated by means of homologous circulating fluorescent serum proteins, seemed to be diffuse rather than focal. The fluorescent proteins penetrated into the whole thickness of the aortic wall, but were to a great extent deposited in the subendothelial space and the most luminal part of the tunica media. The deposition took place in the greater part of the circumference of the aortic wall. These results are in agreement with the insudative theory of atherogenesis, and the initial stage seems to be a “damming back” of some of the serum or plasma proteins for deposition in the subendothelial space and the most luminal part of the tunica media.
SPINDLE CELL LIPOMA
Authors: Angervall L. , Dahl I. , Kindblom L.‐G. , Säve‐Söderbergh J.
Published: August 2010

A clinical, light‐ and electronmicroscopic study of 14 patients with spindle cell lipoma is presented. Spindle cell lipoma is considered to be a distinctive lipomatous tumour histologically characterized by a mixture of fat cells and fibroblast‐like spindle cells, ultrastructurally similar to fibroblasts, in a matrix with varying amounts of collagen and mucosubstances. The tumours showed a predominance for elderly men and all but one were situated in the posterior neck, shoulder region or upper back. The tumours varied between 1 and 9 cm, with a median value of 5 cm, in the widest diameter and were entirely or almost entirely situated in the subcutaneous tissue. A follow‐up study of 11 patients, observed for 1–25 years, confirmed that the clinical course is benign. The differential diagnosis is discussed and it is emphasized that spindle cell lipoma is easily misinterpreted as sarcoma. Three tumours showed a pronounced nuclear polymorphism without mitotic activity, thought to be regressive in nature. The cellular change in these three tumours are presumed to be analogous with those in so called ancient neurilemmoma and therefore the name ancient spindle cell lipoma is proposed for the polymorphic spindle cell lipomas.
GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS OF CARTILAGE AND BONE TISSUE IN TWO CASES OF OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA CONGENITA
Authors: Engfeldt Bengt , Hjerpe Anders
Published: August 2010

Epiphyseal cartilage and bone tissue from two cases of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita and one control case with similar skeletal age were examined regarding their glycosaminoglycan content. The diseased bone tissue showed a 3‐fold increase in glycosaminoglycans, and 20–25 per cent of the chondroitin sulphate disaccharides seemed to be disulphated. The diseased cartilages showed only traces of material with characteristics of disulphated disaccharides. No disulphated disaccharides were isolated from the control materials. No difference between diseased and control material was indicated regarding molecular size, chondroitin‐4‐sulphate/chondroitin‐6‐sulphate ratio or contents of keratan sulphate and hyaluronic acid. The disease is thus associated with fundamental changes of the glycosaminoglycan structure, and these changes may be of functional importance to the mineralization process as well as to the organisation of collagen.
HISTOLOGICAL TYPING OF LUNG CANCER:
Authors: Larsson Sture , Zettergren Lennart
Published: August 2010

Four hundred and seventy nine primary lung cancers were typed according to the WHO histological classification. The character of the material and the methods of investigation are described. All patients had been subjected to mediastinoscopy and 313 patients had been operated upon. Nearly half of the tumours (48 per cent) was epidermoid carcinomas. Small cell anaplastic carcinoma occurred in 25 per cent and around two thirds of these were of oat cell type. Adenocarcinoma was found in 22 per cent and the acinar type predominated. Bronchiolo‐alveolar carcinoma occurred in 1 per cent and large cell carcinoma in 3 per cent. Typing of biopsy specimens was made in 289 cases in which a positive biopsy had been obtained during the pretreatment period. The result of the biopsy typing was checked against that of the final one. In the total group the preoperative histological diagnosis tallied with the final one in 88 per cent. In patients who had been subjected to surgery the pretreatment diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma was correct in 86 per cent, that of small cell anaplastic carcinoma in 92 per cent and that of adenocarcinoma in 100 per cent. The consistency was also high in the category of patients not subjected to surgery. Despite their critical attitude towards the delimitation of epidermoid carcinoma in he WHO‐classification the present authors find it to be a reliable guide to routine typing of lung cancer.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF LYSOZYME IN THE LYMPH NODES AND KVEIM REACTION PAPULES IN SARCOIDOSIS
Authors: Klockars Matti , Selroos Olof
Published: August 2010

Lysozyme (LZM) was demonstrated by an immunoperoxidase method in some but not all epitheloid‐cell granulomas, free macrophages and giant cells in the lymph nodes and Kveim reaction papules of patients with sarcoidosis. In inactive disease, LZM staining was weak or absent in fibrotic lymph nodes. The pattern of LZM staining in Kveim reaction papules was similar to that seen in the “active” sarcoid lymph nodes. The presence of LZM in sarcoid tissue explains the high concentration of serum LZM in patients with active sarcoidosis and the extent of LZM distribution in tissues is probably an index of disease activity.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THREE‐DIMENSIONAL COLONIES OF HUMAN GLIOMA CELLS IN AGAROSE CULTURE
Authors: Carlsson J. , Brunk U.
Published: August 2010

The fine structure of human glioma cells cultivated as three‐dimensional colonies in agarose was investigated during exponential growth. The colonies did not show central degeneration, although they reached diameters of up to 600 μm. Large extra‐cellular spaces extended throughout the colonies. The mean volumetric fraction of the spaces increased from about 20 per cent at the periphery up to nearly 40 per cent in the central regions. The quotient between nuclei and cytoplasm showed a slight decrease with depth. A proliferative gradient existed in the colonies, i.e. the mitotic index decreased almost exponentially with the distance from the surface. The distance at which the mitotic index changed by a factor of 2 was about 90 μm, corresponding to nearly five cell diameters. Cytoplasmic extensions, with a ruffling‐like appearance, occurred both at the periphery and in the centre of the colonies but were larger and more frequent at the periphery. The fractions of mitochondria and vacuoles in the cytoplasm showed rather large local variations. However, the mean number of mitochondria decreased somewhat towards the centre and the number of vacuoles containing highly electron‐absorbing substance increased in the most central regions.
THE INCIDENCE OF THE SO‐CALLED ACUTE SELECTIVE NECROSIS OF THE GRANULAR LAYER OF CEREBELLUM IN 1000 AUTOPSIED PATIENTS
Authors: Albrechtsen Reidar
Published: August 2010

Acute selective necrosis of the granular layer of the cerebellum (NGL) was demonstrated in 264 patients out of a total of 1000 autopsies.

The relatively high incidence of NGL was distributed evenly over the main groups of causes of death, and over all age groups, with the exception of children under the age af 10 years, in whom the incidence was lower.

The lack of correlation between NGL and any particular disease makes is difficult to put forward a plausible explanation of the necrosis. In view of recent studies it is concluded that NGL develops after death.
TRANSTHORACIC FINE‐NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY A Histologically Verified Material
Authors: Francis Dorthe
Published: August 2010

A material consisting of 227 histologically verified transthoracic fine‐needle aspiration biopsies is presented. The result of the first biopsy attempt gave a diagnostic sensitivity with regards to malignancy of 77 per cent and a diagnostic specificity of 98 per cent. The method is recommended in cases where conventional preoperative diagnostic procedures fail to reveal the nature of lung lesions.
CORONARY ARTERY CHANGES IN NEWBORN BABIES
Authors: Rapola Juhani , Pesonen Erkki
Published: August 2010

The main branch of the left coronary artery of 14 autopsied newborn babies was studied both in light and electron microscopy. Intimal and medial changes of varying severity were found in most cases. The lesions show edema and suggest insudation of the blood solutes into the vessel wall. The edematic phase is followed by proliferation of smooth‐muscle and undifferentiated cells, leading to a thickening of the arterial wall. The structure of the lesions resembles the so‐called preatherosclerotic changes found frequently in adults. The relationship of the neonatal coronary changes to arteriosclerosis is discussed.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MACROPHAGES FOUND IN CONTACT WITH PLASMA CELLS IN THE BONE MARROW OF PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA*
Authors: Blom Jens
Published: August 2010

The ultrastructure of a macrophage found in the bone marrow of 15 patients with multiple myeloma is described. The macrophage is designated the dendritic bone marrow macrophage, due to the various branching cell forms in which it can be found. It is further distinguished by having contact with plasma cells. At the contact zones a thickening of the inner leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane of the plasma cells is observed, whereas no morphological changes are present in the adjoining membranes of the macrophage. These macrophages show a great variation in their phagocytic capacity, and only few show morphological evidence of being actively phagocytic. A few dendritic bone marrow macrophages show a localized thickening of the inner leaflet of their cytoplasmic membrane, but this thickening is never found in the regions of contact with plasma cells.
CELL TYPES IN MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA
Authors: Normann Trine , Johannessen Jan Vincent
Published: August 2010

Eleven medullary thyroid carcinomas covering a wide variety of histological patterns and cell forms were studied by light and electron microscopy. Two tumours without demonstrable amyloid were also included. Different histological cell forms and growth patterns were not paralelled by principal differences at the ultrastructural level. All tumours were composed of light and dark cells of principally the same type, the dark cell variant being interpreted as a degenerated form of the light. A finding not previously reported was the presence of a small number of tumour cells exhibiting microvilli and occasionally socalled intracytoplasmic lumina. Intracelluar amyloid fibrils were not observed in tumour cells, nor in any other cell type. In order to identify the ultrastructure of argyrophil and argentaffin cells, ultrathin sections were cut alternating with semithin sections which were “stained” according to Bodian or Fontana‐Masson. Argyrophilia was demonstrated in primary and metastatic tumour tissue from all cases. Both the light and dark tumour cell variants were “stained”, although the staining intensity varied from one cell to another. The silver precipitate was finely granular and from corresponding ultrathin sections it was evident that the “staining” intensity depended on the cell's number of secretory granules. Argentaffin positive cells were also encountered in most primary tumours and in some metastases. The positive granules were larger than the argyrophil ones and found in cells with an abundance of phagolysosomes and residual bodies. The argentaffin cells seemed to represent both degenerated tumour cells and macrophages. Our findings do not support Ljungberg's (18) hypothesis that the cells of MCT originate from two different cell populations.
RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS
Authors: Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar , Dalén Per , Edmar Gunnel , Kjellbo Hans
Published: August 2010

A 57‐year‐old man and a 70‐year‐old woman with relapsing polychondritis are reported. The man, suffering from arthralgias, respiratory obstruction, external ear and saddle‐nose deformities, conjunctivitis and irido‐cyclitis, died after 4 years from airway obstruction because of tracheal and bronchial collapse. The woman is alive 8 months after the development of respiratory obstruction, probably caused by radiographically demonstrated tracheal obstruction, a saddle‐nose deformity and hearing impairment. Microscopically, the involved cartilages showed degenerative and slight inflammatory changes and were eventually replaced by fibrous tissue. Histochemical studies, utilizing staining with Alcian blue at controlled electrolyte concentrations (Scott technique) and at controlled pH:s, with or without digestion with bacterial chondroitinase ABC; and staining with the PAS‐method, with or without diastase digestion, revealed a complete or relative loss of glucosaminoglycans and glycogen. A biosynthetic defect is considered unlikely to be the primary pathogenetic mechanism of relapsing polychondritis. Histological and histochemical examination of biopsies from involved cartilages contribute to a definite diagnosis.
CAUSE OF THE DISPROPORTION BETWEEN THE VAST INCREASE IN PLASMA RENIN AND THE ONLY SMALL (IF ANY) INCREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE AFTER MANIPULATION OF THE SUBMAXILLARY GLANDS
Authors: Bing Jens , Poulsen Knud
Published: August 2010

The cause of the disproportion between the vast increase in plasma renin concentration and the small, if any, increase in blood pressure after manipulation of the submaxillary glands in mice is complex. The increase in plasma renin was found to cause a marked depletion of renin substrate, which, however, was relatively so much less than the increase in renin that the (calculated) renin activity was markedly increased. The sensitivity of the vessels to angiotensin had only decreased in about half the animals studied, and even here the tachyphylaxis could not cope with the pronounced increase in plasma renin activity, as shown by a marked decrease in the blood pressure after blockade of the renin system. The finding that blockade of the renin system lowered the blood pressure below the pre‐manipulation level made it probable that the vast release of submaxillary renin is followed by release of a depressor substance. The glands are known to contain kallikrein, but with the methods used it was neither proved nor disproved that the manipulation causes a release of kallikrein. Besides the factors studied, compensatory cardiovascular reflexes can play a role for the disproportion between plasma renin and blood pressure.
GLIAL CHANGES IN PIGS WITH PORTO‐CAVAL ANASTOMOSIS AND TEMPORARY OR TOTAL HEPATIC ARTERY CLAMPING
Authors: Diemer N. H. , Tønnesen K.
Published: August 2010

The number and size of astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, and neurone nuclei were determined in cortex and corpus striatum (putamen) of pigs with porto‐caval anastomosis (PCA) and total or temporary clamping of the hepatic artery. Animals with PCA and total clamping became comatose and died on average 18 1/2 hours postoperatively. Their brains showed slight oedema but no changes in the glial and neurone nuclear numbers. Animals with PCA and temporary clamping of the hepatic artery (30–60 min.) all survived without clinical symptoms of encephalopathy. However, the brains showed vacuolization of the deeper cortical layers, diffuse occurrence of Alzheimer type II astrocytes, and the counts revealed an increased number of astrocytic nuclei. The total number of glial cells decreased due to loss of oligodendrocytes, but the number of neurones was unchanged. The findings indicate that the neuropathological changes after PCA and temporary hepatic artery clamping are concerned primarily with changes of the glial cells.
CUTTING FLUIDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE SKIN OF MICE
Authors: Jepsen Jørgen R. , Stoyanov Stephan , Unger Mogens , Clausen Jørgen , Christensen Hans Ewald
Published: August 2010

Reports of skin malignancies due to occupational exposure have decreased since the introduction of solvent‐refining of mineral oil fraction in the manufacture of oil based cutting fluids. Commercial mineral oil based cutting fluids caused local and general pathological changes after repeated application to the skin of mice in the present study. Forty‐eight per cent of the mice exposed to oils showed severe dysplasia or malignancy of the skin on histological examination. The corresponding figure for the control group, where various additives were used was 8 per cent. The frequency of papillomas was also increased in the mice exposed to oils. The systemic lesions included focal necrosis of the liver, associated with amyloid deposition, as well as amyloidosis of the skin, spleen and kidneys. The substances responsible for these apparent carcinogenic properties of the complex mixtures may be polycyclic hydrocarbons; the latter are still present in the commercial products despite solvent refining; on the other hand the carcinogens may be the additives to the cutting oils the composition of which is generally a trade secret.
THE NEPHROTOXIC EFFECT OF THE OTOTOXIC COMPOUND ATOXYL
Authors: Anniko M. , Ljungqvist A.
Published: August 2010

The arsenical compound atoxyl has been used in labyrinthine research because of its documented effects both on cells engaged in an active transport of ions (secretory epithelia) and sensory epithelia (cochlear hair cells and vestibular sensory cells type I and type II). In the present experiments both the kidney and the structures of the inner ear were studied. The renal tubules were damaged by exposure to atoxyl. Tubular casts, haemorrhages (both in the tubules and in the renal calices) and tubular epithelial cell necrosis occurred. A common denominator in the ototoxic and the nephrotoxic actions of acute atoxyl poisoning might be a disturbance of the very active ion transport systems of the cells involved.
LIGHT MICROSCOPICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF VINBLASTINE ON AMELOBLASTS OF RAT INCISORS IN VIVO
Authors: Moe H. , Mikkelsen Hanne
Published: August 2010

The highly polarized secretory ameloblasts in the incisors of rats fixed by perfusion with glutar‐aldehyde two or three hours after intravenous administration of vinblastine sulfate at a dosage of 5 mg per 100 g body weight were studied in the light microscope and the electron microscope. The following effects were observed: 1. All cytoplasmic microtubules in the ameloblasts had vanished. This was not accompanied by the appearance of paracrystals of microtubular protein or macrotubules. 2. The ameloblasts preserved their external features of polarized cells but lost their ability to maintain normal orderly segregation of the cell constituents; i.e. their normal internal compartmentalization and polarity had vanished. 3. The ameloblasts lost their capability of directional translocation of the secretory granules towards the cell apex. 4. Secretory granules already translocated to the cell apex regurgitated in the cell and a probably delayed discharge of secretory material had started in abnormal site at the surface. 5. The normal arrangement of ribosomes into polyribosomes on the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum was no longer present; the ribosomes were apparently distributed at random. 6. New secretion was inhibited or brought to a standstill but secretory material already present in the Golgi complex appeared to be transported normally. 7. The centriole had started to develop into a cilium in many of the cells. 8. The number of autophagic vacuoles had increased.
PRIMARY CEREBRAL MELANOMAS
Authors: Bojsen‐MØller Marie
Published: August 2010

Six cases of primary malignant melanoma of the leptomeninges and brain are reported. Three were diagnosed histologically at surgery, three at autopsy. Four presented as solitary brain tumours which is unusual compared to other reported cases. In all six there was infiltration of the leptomeninges which must be regarded as the site of origin. Three of the cases have had a relatively long survival, two of them have died 2 years after the operation, and the third patient is still alive 18 months after surgery. It is suggested that the frequency of these tumours is underestimated on account of their resemblance to astroblastomas and poorly differentiated astrocytomas, and because biopsies are not always taken from small and atypical haematomas.
SPONTANEOUS HYPERTENSION AND HYPERTENSIVE VASCULAR DISEASE IN THE NZB STRAIN OF MICE
Authors: Svendsen Ulrik Gerner
Published: August 2010

NZB mice spontaneously develop a high blood pressure and hypertensive vascular disease in the heart and the kidney. Treatment with cyclophosphamide decreased the level of blood pressure; congenital athymic nude NZB mice failed to develop a high blood pressure. These findings suggest that thymus and the thymus‐dependent immune reactions have pathogenic importance for the spontaneous hypertension in these mice.
ESTIMATION OF THE PARENCHYMAL‐CELL CONTENT OF THE PARATHYROID GLAND, USING DENSITY‐GRADIENT COLUMNS
Authors: Åkerström G. , Grimelius Lars , Johansson Henry , Lundqvist Hans
Published: August 2010

The parenchymal cell mass was measured by the density‐gradient technique. The results of this technique were compared with those obtained by an ocular semiquantitative method as described by Gilmour and Martin. In most parathyroid glands good correlation was found between the two methods. In contrast to the method of Gilmour and Martin the density‐gradient technique is easy and rapid and therefore seems to be a more convenient tool in intraoperative diagnosis.
ON THE SPECIFICITY OF MEDIUM‐SIZED ISOMARKER CHROMOSOMES IN NON‐BURKITT LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Mark J.
Published: August 2010

The chromosomal observations by G‐banding in an intestinal, histiocytic lymphoma are reported. The findings, as those in a series of about 10 other lymphomas, indicate a varying origin of medium‐sized isomarkers; the results oppose the view that there exists a specific marker of this type in non‐Burkitt lymphomas.
AGE CHANGES IN THE QUANTITY OF HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE
Authors: Schrøder U. , Tougaard L.
Published: August 2010

The ratio between hematopoietic tissue and lipoid tissue was determined by histologic planimetry in bone marrow biopsies from 52 persons without bone or blood disorders, aged from 20 to 85 years. The ratio decreased significantly with increasing age, equally in the two sexes. The ratio correlated significantly to the hemoglobin concentration in the blood.
LIVER ULTRASTRUCTURE IN PSORIATICS RELATED TO METHOTREXATE THERAPY
Authors: Hopwood D. , Nyfors A.
Published: August 2010

To determinate what damage occurred in the bile ducts of psoriatics receiving Methotrexate (MTX) therapy liver biopsies from 11 patients were studied with the light and electron microscope and compared with normal material. Thick sections (1 μm) showed light and dark cells in biliary epithelium and lipofuscin granules. At the ultrastructural level these were confirmed. The lumen of the bile ducts contained debris. The microvilli were decreased in number and damaged forms appeared. Damage to the biliary epithelial mitochondria was widespread and there were foci of intracellular oedema. The Golgi apparatus was hypertrophied and dilated. Atrophic cells were seen. The lateral intercellular spaces were dilated and contained debris and the basement membrane showed zones of duplication. Similar changes were found in the ducts of Hering.
ANCIENT NEURILEMMOMA (SCHWANNOMA)
Authors: Dahl Ingvar
Published: August 2010

A clinical and light microscopic study of 11 patients with ancient neurilemmoma is presented. Ancient neurilemmoma is a cellular form of ordinary neurilemmoma, showing nuclear polymorphism and hyperchromasia. Seven patients were female and 4 were male; their ages ranged between 37 years and 81 years, with a median of 59 years. Seven tumours were 2.5 cm or larger in the widest diameter, and had been slowly enlarging for one year or more. All tumours were solitary, encapsulated showing nuclear polymorphism and hyperchromasia without any mitotic activity. The differential diagnosis is discussed. Follow‐up information available on all patients confirmed that the clinical course is benign.
AMYLOID TUMOUR OF THE LUNG
Authors: Mäkinen Judit , Nickels Juha , Halttunen Paavo E. A.
Published: August 2010

A 67‐year‐old woman who had earlier suffered from rheumatic fever and a persistently elevated sedimentation rate, was operated on for a right pulmonary tumour, which was shown clinically, light and electron microscopically, to be a primary nodular isolated amyloid tumour.
PSEUDOSARCOMATOUS LESIONS OF THE SOFT TISSUES REPORTED AS SARCOMA DURING A 6‐YEAR PERIOD (1958–1963)
Authors: Dahl Ingvar , Angervall Lennart
Published: August 2010

Pseudosarcomatous lesion of the soft tissues is a term used in the present study for various soft tissue lesions and tumours easily clinically or histologically, or both, misinterpreted as sarcoma. Eighty‐one cases, that is to say 10 per cent of all tumours classified and reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry as malignant soft tissue tumours during the 6‐year period studied (1958–1963), were reclassified as pseudosarcomatous lesions of the soft tissues. Forty‐seven cases were classified as pseudoarcomatous proliferative lesions of the soft tissues with or without bone formation; 38 cases of nodular fasciitis, 1 of proliferative fasciitis and 8 of proliferative myositis. In 3 of these cases there were mixed forms of proliferative fasciitis and proliferative myositis with areas compatible with the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis evident in all cases. Twenty‐two cases of atypical fibroxanthomas of the skin were next in frequency, followed by 7 ancient neurilemmomas, 2 spindle cell lipomas, 1 pseudomalignant osseous tumour of the soft tissues, 1 pigmented villonodular synovitis and 1 juvenile xanthogranuloma. An attempt is made to explain the reasons for these erroneous diagnoses of sarcoma and it is stressed that for these lesions the conventional histological criteria for malignancy are not valid. The awareness and knowledge of the existence of these particular entities are therefore considered mandatory for an accurate diagnosis.
FOCAL PREGNANCY‐LIKE CHANGES IN THE BREAST
Authors: Kiær Henrik W. , Andersen Johan A.
Published: August 2010

The aetiology of focal, pregnancy‐like mammary changes in non‐pregnant and non‐lactating women is discussed on the basis of the literature and a material of 31 patients. Such changes were found in one or more glandular lobules in 3 per cent of the breast tissue specimens received in our departments. As a rule, this finding was made in women who had been pregnant and who had been or were on oestrogenic or on contraceptive medication. They occurred in fertile, menopausal, as well as in post‐menopausal women. Often they were seen many years after the pregnancy and/or intake of hormones. They were observed also in women who had never been pregnant or on hormone medication, and even in men on oestrogen therapy. It is likely, therefore, that focal pregnancy‐like changes in non‐pregnant and non‐lactating women indicate a selective susceptibility of the mammary glandular tissue to oestrogen. Accordingly, we interpret the change as a normal histological variant.
Tumour Cell Death: the Probable Cause of Increased Polyamine Levels in Physiological Fluids
Authors: Heby Olle , Andersson Gunnar
Published: August 2010

The occurrence of extracellular polyamines in Ehrlich ascites tumour‐bearing mice was studied in relation to tumour growth. The concentration of putrescine and spermidine in cell‐free ascites fluid and serum was found to increase significantly with increasing tumour mass. Data is presented which suggest that the observed accumulation of extracellular polyamines is a result of a continuous release from dead or dying tumour cells. This observation is consistent with the notion that extracellular polyamines accumulate during tumour growth and following radio‐ and chemotherapy as a result of tumour cell death, and emphasizes the potential clinical usefulness of the polyamine analysis for evaluating tumor cell kill.
Plasma Membrane Motility and Proliferation of Human Glioma Cells In Agarose and Monolayer Cultures
Authors: Carlsson Jö;rgen , Collins Peter , Brunk Ulf
Published: August 2010

Human glioma cells, growing as spherical colonies in agarose gel, or as monolayers on glass or plastic, were studied with time‐lapse cinematography and electron microscopy. The cells in the agarose cultured colonies often had ruffling‐like membrane structures which were similar in for, although smaller in size, than those observed on monolayer cultured cells. The ruffling‐like structures were more frequent at the periphery than in the central regions of the colonies which was in parallel to the proliferative pattern. In time‐lapse cinematography it was seen that pinocytotic vacuoles were formed from ruffling membranes in the monolayer cultures. In the transmission electron microscope, such vacuoles were also found near the ruffling‐like structures in the agarose cultured cells. In dense monolayer cultures, ruffling and associated pinocytosis were to a large extent transferred from the margin to the upper surface of the cells. This capacity may be an important property for the ability of the malignant cells to attain extreme high cell densities in monolayer cultures and to grow as colonies in agarose cultures. As has been previously shown, the normal counterpart of the gliomas, the glia cells, cannot grow to high densities; they do not ruffle on their upper cell surface and are unable to grow in suspension or agarose culture.
Human Malignant Lymphomas in Vitro
Authors: Sundströ;m C. , Nilsson K.
Published: August 2010

A series of 55 biopsies from different types of malignant lymphomas were characterized in short‐term culture experiments and during prolonged growth in vitro. The majority of the lymphocytic lymphomas and half of the histiocytic lymphomas expressed surface immunoglobulin, either in monoclonal or polyclonal form, indicating B‐lymphocyte derivation. No lysozyme production was noted in either type of lymphoma, giving further support to the notion that histiocytic lymphomas are not truly histiocytic. Production of β‐microglobulin was higher in histiocytic than in lymphocytic lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease but did not significantly differ from the production observed in non‐neoplastic lymph node disorders. Incorporation of 3H‐thymidine varied greatly within each category of lymphoma;

the highest mean labelling index was noted in histiocytic lymphoma, possibly reflecting the generally more malignant course in such cases. Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated nuclear antigen was observed in one case of Hodgkin's disease. Attempts to establish permanent tumor cell lines were successful only from two explants of lymphocytic lymphoma and one pleural effusion from histiocytic lymphoma. The two cell lines derived from lymphocytic lymphomas both exhibited B‐lymphocyte characteristics. The histiocytic lymphoma line lacked lymphocyte markers, produced lysozyme and was found to be rich in cytoplasmic esterases. These features are consistent with a »true« histiocytic derivation of this line. Lymphoblastoid cell lines representing non‐neoplastic EBV‐carrying lymphocytes contaminating the biopsies were derived from 19 biopsies, with the highest frequency noted in cultures of biopsies from Hodgkin's disease. The tumor lines were all EBV‐genome negative.
Heart‐Autopsy Findings In Cases of Sudden Death
Authors: Østergaard Karen
Published: August 2010

The pathological heart changes observed have been recorded at necropsy of 55 male and 31 female patients who died during transport to the hospital or in the casualty ward. The extension of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was determined by a staining method using nitro‐BT, and the infarctions were classified as transmural, combined or subendocardial. A total of 45 AMl's were found, and this is a lower frequency than normally found in sudden unexpected deaths when only death certificates are studied. The most frequent infarction type was the subendocardial infarction, which was present in 60% of the AMI‐cases. Coronary thrombi were seen in only 24% of the AMI‐cases, most frequently together with transmural infarctions.
The Reaction of the Vascular Pattern of the Hypertrophied Myocardium to Increased Cardiac Volume Load
Authors: Carlsson Sture , Ljungqvist Arne , Tornling Gö;ran , Unge Gunnar
Published: August 2010

Myocardial stereo‐microangiography was performed on 30 rats after swimming exercise for one or two periods with and without a previous operation for production of aortic stenosis. In 8 rats with aortic stenosis no swimming exercise followed, and 10 more rats served as normal controls. Swimming exercise resulted in a higher degree of cardiac hypertrophy than aortic stenosis. Both types of cardiac hypertrophy resulted in vascular adaptive reactions in the myocardium. The adaptive reaction to swimming exercise was found to be persistent, at least to some extent, and to be of use if the exercise was resumed. The adaptive alterations in aortic stenosis were further modified by a superimposed period of exercise, although the nutritive capillary vasculature only showed a slight and focal increase in density.
The Incidence and Clinical Relevance of Chronic Inflammation in the Pancreas in Autopsy Material
Authors: Olsen Tom SkyhØj
Published: August 2010

In 394 consecutive autopsies, tissue from the body of the pancreas showed chronic inflammation in 52 cases (13%); 32 were mild, II moderate and 9 severe. Only two of these cases had the clinical diagnosis chronic pancreatitis. The incidence of inspissated plugs of protein in the ducts, dilated ducts and acinar ectasia was significantly higher when chronic inflammation was present. There was a significant higher incidence of chronic inflammation in the pancreas in patients with diabetes mellitus. No significant correlation was noted between chronic inflammation in the pancreas and cholelithiasis, previous cholecystectomy, peritonitis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, abdominal operations, ascites and liver metastases.
Lipomatosis of the Pancreas In Autopsy Material and Its Relation to Age And Overweight
Authors: Olsen Tom SkyhØj
Published: August 2010

Lipomatosis, regarded as deposition of fat cells in the pancreas, was investigated and graded into four groups in 394 consecutive autopsies. In all necropsies except one fat cells were present; gr. 1:51%, gr. 2:26%, gr. 3:15% and gr. 4:8%. Age as well as overweight was significantly correlated to the grade of lipomatosis. The number of necropsies with gr. 3–4 lipomatosis was significantly less in the group with long terminal illnes, indicating that the presence of fat cells in the pancreas is to some extent reversible. No evidence of pancreatic disease was mentioned in the clinical records of the patients with gr. 3–4 lipomatosis.
Demonstration of Hepatitis B‐Surface Antigen in Liver Biopsies
Authors: Clausen Per P. , Thomsen Per
Published: August 2010

Staining of 1000 consecutive liver biopsies with orcein showed positive reaction in the cytoplasm of ground‐glass hepatocytes in 18 of the biopsies. On new sections of the 18 orcein positive biopsies immunoperoxidase staining was performed in order to demonstrate hepatitis B‐surface antigen (HBsAg). After destaining the same sections were stained with orcein. All biopsies showing positive orcein staining showed positive immunoperoxidase reaction. The number of positive cells was in biopsies with less than 20 positive cells per mm2 biopsy larger using the immunoperoxidase staining than with orcein staining. Further the staining contrast was more pronounced. Immunoperoxidase staining thus seems more sensitive than orcein staining for demonstrating HBsAg in liver tissues. Orcein stains HBsAg in liver tissue even though the antigen determinants are blocked by antibodies.
Structural Changes in Kidneys of Patients with Oliguric Extracapillary Glomerulonephritis During Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Faarup Poul , NØrgaard Tove , Elling Folmer , Jensen Herluf
Published: August 2010

Structural changes in kidney biopsies were investigated from five patients with primary oliguric extracapillary glomerulonephritis in whom the renal function was adequately maintained during extended combined immunosuppressive treatment. The most important structural change was a pronounced decrease in the number of crescents. Reduction in numbers of crescents in the late biopsies was significantly greater than the increase in the number of hyalinized glomeruli. Tubular parenchyma showed only slight diffuse atrophy, and a moderate interstitial fibrosis was always present during the latter stages of treatment. Disappearance of crescents in the glomeruli was not accompanied by disappearance of immunoglobulins. Succesfull immunosuppressive treatment of extracapillary glomerulonephritis causes the disappearance of structural characteristics of the kidney that are diagnostic for this disease.
A Retrospective Histological Study of 669 Cases of Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in Clinical Stage I
Authors: Larsen Tove Eeg , Grude Tove Helliesen
Published: August 2010

A selected series of 669 primary malignant melanomas of the skin, stage I, has been classified according to Clark's system into lentigo maligna melanoma (86), superficial spreading malignant melanoma (259), nodular malignant melanoma (194) and unclassifiable malignant melanoma (130). It was often difficult to distinguish between lentigo maligna melanoma and superficial spreading malignant melanoma, and sometimes also between this last type and nodular melanoma. There seem to be borderline cases between the respective types. The 10‐year specific cumulative survival rate (˜ the cure rate) was 98.3% for the lentigo maligna melanomas, 78.6% for nodular malignant melanomas and 76.7% for the unclassifiable group of melanomas. The 5‐year observed prognosis of the 3 main types is satisfactory compared with other investigations. As the prognosis of the 3 types of cutaneous malignant melanoma differs considerably the use of this classification is recommended. The number of unclassifiable cases is likely to be reduced in the routine work when several sections of each tumour are studied.
The Classification of Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Larsen Tove Eeg
Published: August 2010

A series of 60 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas has been studied by serial block technique. The resulting 492 sections have been classified as junctional naevus with or without atypia and preinvasive or invasive malignant melanoma according to Clark (1967). No sections showed lentigo maligna (melanoma). The overall classification resulted in 49 superficial spreading malignant melanomas, 6 nodular malignant melanomas and 5 unclassifiable malignant melanomas. In 3 cases (5%) there was inconsistency between the classification of the central section and the overall classification of the tumour. Five theoretical growth patterns have been postulated ranging from that of the pure superficial spreading malignant melanoma completely surrounded by a preinvasive area to the pure nodular malignant melanoma which completely lacks any such area. Borderline cases between these two types certainly seem to exist. Features such as intraepidermal Pagetoid growth of tumour cells, co‐existence of a benign melanocytic component and histological changes indicating tumour regression have been discussed. It is recommended that at least 3 tissue blocks should be taken from all malignant melanomas up to 25 mm in diameter and more if the tumour is larger.
Morphological Features in Non‐Cirrhotic Livers from Patients with Chronic Alcoholism, Diabetes Mellitus or Adipositas
Authors: Christoffersen Per , Petersen Palle
Published: August 2010

Consecutive liver biopsies from alcoholic, diabetic and overweight patients are compared morphologically and in addition a comparison is made between groups with a combination of two or three of the above conditions. Both fatty change and morphological activity are greater in the groups with alcoholism, and this gives good reason to believe that the activity in the form of alcoholic hepatitis is the cause for the more common development of cirrhosis in alcoholic fatty liver than in fatty liver with other aetiology.
A Retrospective Histological Study of 669 Cases of Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in Clinical Stage I
Authors: Larsen Tove Eeg , Grude Tove Helliesen
Published: August 2010

A selected series of 669 primary malignant melanoma of the skin, stage I, was studied. The series included 86 lentigo maligna melanomas, 259 superficial spreading malignant melanomas, 194 nodular malignant melanomas and 130 unclassifiable malignant melanomas. The adjacent lymphocyte infiltration was graded and its prognostic value and its relation to the sex and age of the patient, tumour cell type, pigmentation, cellular atypia, mitotic count, depth of dermal invasion, tumour type and ulceration was studied. There was no significant relationship between lymphocyte response and sex and age of the patient and the tumour cell type. There was a highly significant relationship between a dense lymphocyte infiltration and superficial tumour invasion as far as the papillary‐reticular interface in contrast to the weak response associated with deeper invasion. When only tumours with invasion of the papillary‐reticular interface were considered, there was no significant relationship between lymphocyte infiltration and pigmentation, cellular atypia, mitotic count, tumour type and ulceration. At the same level of invasion there was no difference in prognosis in relation to the density of lymphocyte infiltration. Nodular malignant melanomas surrounded by a dense lymphocyte infiltration had a significantly worse prognosis than was associated with a simular lymphocyte response against the two other types of melanoma.
NUCLEAR SEGMENTATION IN GOITRE ASPIRATES
Authors: NILSSON GÖRAN
Published: August 2010

Nuglear segmentation was studied in fine needle aspirate smears from toxic and atoxic goitres. The smear technique implies a flattening of the nuclei on a slide, which facilitates detection of nuclear segmentation. Such segmentation was found in 2.2% of the nuclei in toxic goitres and in 0.9% in atoxic goitres. The difference was highly significant p <0.001. The segmented cells were usually of uniform appearance with one large and one small segment. Only very rarely were more than two segments seen.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LIPOGRANULOMAS IN HUMAN FATTY LIVER
Authors: PETERSEN P. , CHRISTOFFERSEN P.
Published: August 2010

Lipogranulomas from severe fatty livers due to alcoholism, diabetes or overweight were examined in the electron microscope. When a fat droplet protrudes through the cell membrane of a liver cell histiocytes and lymphocytes settle around it, and a lipogranuloma is formed. Remnants of the liver cell may be seen between the fat droplet and the histiocytes. It is confirmed that the fat droplets are situated extracellularly in the fully developed lipogranulomas.
BILATERAL BONE‐MARROW EXAMINATIONS IN SMALL‐CELL ANAPLASTIC CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG
Authors: HIRSCH FRED R. , HANSEN HEINE H. , HAINAU BO
Published: August 2010

Bilateral bone‐marrow examinations from the posterior iliac crests were routinely performed as a pretreatment staging procedure in 89 consecutive patients with small‐cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. Bone‐marrow involvement was found in 20 patients (22.5%), in 9 (10.1%) only on one side, and in 11 (12.4%) on both sides. Aspiration was found to be significantly superior to biopsy, being positive in 25 examinations as compared with 14 positive biopsies. Compared with unilateral bonemarrow examination the positive findings increased by approximately 30%. Bilateral bone‐marrow examinations are recommended in patients in whom the detection of bone‐marrow metastases will have therapeutic implications.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS ROUTINE CYTOPREPARATORY TECHNIQUES ON NORMAL UROTHELIAL CELLS AND THEIR NUCLEI
Authors: BEYER‐BOON M. E. , HOLLANDER M. J. A. VAN DER VOORN‐DEN , ARENTZ P. W. , CORNELISSE C. J. , SCHABERG A. , FOX C. H.
Published: August 2010

Nuclear and cytoplasmic sizes of cells in permanent, stained smear preparations differ from those in unfixed unstained cells. In air‐dried MGG‐stained smears the area of the nucleus is 50% larger and that of the cytoplasm 30% larger. In wet‐fixed Papanicolaou‐stained smears the nucleus is 10–30% and the cytoplasm is 15–55% smaller. The shrinkage in the wet fixation method is dependent on the concentration of the ethyl alcohol applied. The staining method has relatively little influence on nuclear and cytoplasmic size. The three‐dimensional appearance of the smeared, stained cells is also dependent on the cytopreparatory technique applied: in the methods with air‐drying the nuclei and cells are flat and in the wet fixation method more spherical. In the methods with air‐drying the nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio is larger than that seen with the wet fixation methods.