bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression analysis of NF-ƙB-related long non-coding RNAs in bipolar disorder
Authors: Teshnizi Sara Ahmadi , Shahani Pariya , Taheri Mohammad , Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Eslami Solat , Sadeghzadeh Zahra , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Sayad Arezou
Published: December 2022

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental disorder that leads to abnormal swings in mood, energy, activity level, attention, and the capability to accomplish daily tasks. Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in BD patients. We have compared expression levels of five NF-κB-associated lncRNAs, namely ANRIL, CEBPA-DT, H19, NKILA and HNF1A-AS1 in blood samples of BD patients compared with controls. While ANRIL, CEBPA-DT and HNF1-AS1 were significantly under-expressed in BD patients compared with controls, NKILA levels were higher in patients versus controls. Among differentially expressed genes, HFN1A-AS1 exhibited the best diagnostic parameters in the separation of patients from controls (AUC ± SD = 0.86 ± 0.03, sensitivity = 0.82, specificity = 0.82, P value < 0.0001). AUC values for NKILA, ANRIL and CEBPA-DT were 0.71, 0.68 and 0.65, respectively. In accordance with the previously reported participation of NF-ƙB in the pathophysiology of BD, the current study provides evidence for dysregulation of NF-κB-associated lncRNAs in BD.
Surveying lncRNA-lncRNA cooperations reveals dominant effect on tumor immunity cross cancers
Authors: Shao Tingting , Xie Yunjin , Shi Jingyi , Yang Changbo , Zou Haozhe , Li Yongsheng , Xu Juan , Li Xia
Published: December 2022

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can crosstalk with each other by post-transcriptionally co-regulating genes involved in the same or similar functions; however, the regulatory principles and biological insights in tumor-immune are still unclear. Here, we show a multiple-step model to identify lncRNA-lncRNA immune cooperation based on co-regulating functional modules by integrating multi-omics data across 20 cancer types. Moreover, lncRNA immune cooperative networks (LICNs) are constructed, which are likely to modulate tumor-immune microenvironment by regulating immune-related functions. We highlight conserved and rewired network hubs which can regulate interactions between immune cells and tumor cells by targeting ligands and activating or inhibitory receptors such as PDCD1, CTLA4 and CD86. Immune cooperative lncRNAs (IC-lncRNAs) playing central roles in many cancers also tend to target known anticancer drug targets. In addition, these IC-lncRNAs tend to be highly expressed in immune cell populations and are significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. The similar immune mechanisms cross cancers are revealed by the LICNs. Finally, we identify two subtypes of skin cutaneous melanoma with different immune context and prognosis based on IC-lncRNAs. In summary, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the cooperative behaviours of lncRNAs and accelerating discovery of lncRNA-based biomarkers in cancer.
An artificial neural network explains how bats might use vision for navigation
Authors: Goldshtein Aya , Akrish Shimon , Giryes Raja , Yovel Yossi
Published: December 2022

Animals navigate using various sensory information to guide their movement. Miniature tracking devices now allow documenting animals’ routes with high accuracy. Despite this detailed description of animal movement, how animals translate sensory information to movement is poorly understood. Recent machine learning advances now allow addressing this question with unprecedented statistical learning tools. We harnessed this power to address visual-based navigation in fruit bats. We used machine learning and trained a convolutional neural network to navigate along a bat’s route using visual information that would have been available to the real bat, which we collected using a drone. We show that a simple feed-forward network can learn to guide the agent towards a goal based on sensory input, and can generalize its learning both in time and in space. Our analysis suggests how animals could potentially use visual input for navigation and which features might be useful for this purpose.
Postsynaptic plasticity of Purkinje cells in mice is determined by molecular identity
Authors: Voerman Stijn , Urbanus Bastiaan H. A. , Schonewille Martijn , White Joshua J. , De Zeeuw Chris I.
Published: December 2022

Cerebellar learning is expressed as upbound or downbound changes in simple spike activity of Purkinje cell subpopulations, but the underlying mechanism remains enigmatic. By visualizing murine Purkinje cells with different molecular identities, we demonstrate that the potential for induction of long-term depression is prominent in downbound and minimal in the upbound subpopulation. These differential propensities depend on the expression profile, but not on the synaptic inputs, of the individual Purkinje cell involved, highlighting the functional relevance of intrinsic properties for memory formation.
The oocyte cumulus complex regulates mouse sperm migration in the oviduct
Authors: Wang Zhijuan , Wei Hongwei , Wu Zhanying , Zhang Xiaodan , Sun Yanli , Gao Longwei , Zhang Wenqing , Su You-Qiang , Zhang Meijia
Published: December 2022

As the time of ovulation draws near, mouse spermatozoa move out of the isthmic reservoir, which is a prerequisite for fertilization. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The present study revealed that mouse cumulus cells of oocytes–cumulus complexes (OCCs) expressed transforming growth factor-β ligand 1 (TGFB1), whereas ampullary epithelial cells expressed the TGF-β receptors, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2, and all were upregulated by luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). OCCs and TGFB1 increased natriuretic peptide type C (NPPC) expression in cultured ampullae via TGF-β signaling, and NPPC treatment promoted spermatozoa moving out of the isthmic reservoir of the preovulatory oviducts. Deletion of Tgfb1 in cumulus cells and Tgfbr2 in ampullary epithelial cells blocked OCC-induced NPPC expression and spermatozoa moving out of the isthmic reservoir, resulting in compromised fertilization and fertility. Oocyte-derived paracrine factors were required for promoting cumulus cell expression of TGFB1. Therefore, oocyte-dependent and cumulus cell-derived TGFB1 promotes the expression of NPPC in oviductal ampulla, which is critical for sperm migration in the oviduct and subsequent fertilization.
An integrated map of fibroblastic populations in human colon mucosa and cancer tissues
Authors: Li Siying , Lu Ran , Shu Linjuan , Chen Yulin , Zhao Jin , Dai Junlong , Huang Qiaorong , Li Xue , Meng Wentong , Long Feiwu , Li Yuan , Fan Chuanwen , Zhou Zongguang , Mo Xianming
Published: December 2022

Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are major mesenchymal cells in the lamina propria of colon mucosa and in colon cancer tissues. Detailed insight into the highly specific populations of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts is required to understand the integrity and homeostasis of human colon mucosa and colon cancer. Based on gene expression profiles of single cells, we identified fibroblast populations that produce extracellular matrix components, Wnt ligand- and BMP-secreting fibroblasts, chemokine- and chemokine ligand-generating fibroblasts, highly activated fibroblasts, immune-modulating fibroblasts, epithelial cell-modulating myofibroblasts, stimuli-responsive myofibroblasts, proliferating myofibroblasts, fibroblast-like myofibroblasts, matrix producing myofibroblasts, and contractile myofibroblasts in human colon mucosa. In colon cancer tissue, the compositions of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were highly altered, as were the expressing patterns of genes including BMPs, Wnt ligands, chemokines, chemokine ligands, growth factors and extracellular matrix components in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Our work expands the working atlas of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and provides a framework for interrogating the complexity of stromal cells in human healthy colon mucosa and colon cancer tissues.
Anisotropic phenanthroline-based ruthenium polymers grafted on a titanium metal-organic framework for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Gonuguntla Spandana , Sk Saddam , Tripathi Anjana , Thapa Ranjit , Jonnalagadda Gopinath , Nayak Chandrani , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu , Jha S. N. , Sesha Sainath Annadanam V. , Perupogu Vijayanand , Pal Ujjwal
Published: December 2022

Conjugated polymers and titanium-based metal-organic framework (Ti-MOF) photocatalysts have demonstrated promising features for visible-light-driven hydrogen production. We report herein a strategy of anisotropic phenanthroline-based ruthenium polymers (PPDARs) over Ti-MOF, a tunable platform for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Several analytical methods including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed the judicious integration of the surface-active polymer over the Ti-MOF reinforcing the catalytic activity over the broad chemical space. PPDAR-4 polyacrylate achitecture led to a substantial increase in the H2 evolution rate of 2438 µmolg−1h−1 (AQY: 5.33%) compared to pristine Ti-MOF (238 µmol g−1 h−1). The separation of photogenerated charge carriers at the PPDAR-4/Ti-MOF interface was confirmed by the optical and electrochemical investigations. The experimental, as well as theoretical data, revealed their physical and chemical properties which are positively correlated with the H2 generation rate. This offers a new avenue in creating polymer-based MOF robust photocatalysts for sustainable energy.
Real-time hydrogen molecular dynamics satisfying the nuclear spin statistics of a quantum rotor
Authors: Hyeon-Deuk Kim , Chang I-Ya
Published: December 2022

Apparent presence of the nuclear-spin species of a hydrogen molecule, para-hydrogen and ortho-hydrogen, associated with the quantum rotation is a manifestation of the nuclear quantum nature of hydrogen, governing not only molecular structures but also physical and chemical properties of hydrogen molecules. It has been a great challenge to observe and calculate real-time dynamics of such molecularized fermions. Here, we developed the non-empirical quantum molecular dynamics method that enables real-time molecular dynamics simulations of hydrogen molecules satisfying the nuclear spin statistics of the quantum rotor. While reproducing the species-dependent quantum rotational energy, population ratio, specific heat, and H-H bond length and frequency, we found that their translational, orientational and vibrational dynamics becomes accelerated with the higher rotational excitation, concluding that the nuclear quantum rotation stemmed from the nuclear spin statistics can induce various kinds of dynamics and reactions intrinsic to each hydrogen species.
A quantum random number generator on a nanosatellite in low Earth orbit
Authors: Reezwana Ayesha , Islam Tanvirul , Bai Xueliang , Wildfeuer Christoph F. , Ling Alexander , Grieve James A.
Published: December 2022

Quantum random number generators find applications in both quantum and classical communications schemes, particularly in security protocols where they can be used as a source of random seed or key material. In this work, we describe the implementation of a quantum random number generator on-board a nanosatellite deployed in low Earth orbit. Our generator samples shot noise from an entangled photon-pair source based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion, linking the entropy of the output to the quantization of the down-converted beam. We present analyzed data from the orbiting instrument alongside data taken from a ground-based engineering model where the statistical test suites indicate a good match to the output from a uniform distribution. Finally, we use the source to implement a prototype for an off-grid randomness beacon. This work paves the way to future low Earth orbit based public quantum randomness beacons.
A label-free G-quadruplex aptamer fluorescent aptasensor for visual and real-time kanamycin detection in lake and human samples
Authors: Ma Yingnan , Shen Gang , Li Runzhi , Wang Changzheng , Yang Fengmin , Wang Fangfang , Ye Huanfeng , Zhang Hong , Tang Yalin
Published: December 2022

A label-free, visual and real-time fluorescent aptasensor based on H-aggregate disassembly of a chiral cyanine dye induced by the G-quadruplex aptamer for kanamycin detection.
Crosslinked zwitterionic microcapsules to overcome gastrointestinal barriers for oral insulin delivery
Authors: Ma Yuhong , Li Qihang , Yang Jingru , Cheng Yuan , Li Caihua , Zhao Changshun , Chen Wei , Huang Dechun , Qian Hongliang
Published: December 2022

Oral insulin delivery has been extensively considered to achieve great patient compliance and convenience as well as favourable glucose homeostasis.
Emulating nonribosomal peptides with ribosomal biosynthetic strategies
Authors: Mordhorst Silja , Ruijne Fleur , Vagstad Anna L. , Kuipers Oscar P. , Piel Jörn
Published: December 2022

This review compares structural features common to both nonribosomal and ribosomally synthesised and posttranslationally modified peptides and describes recent advances for using the RiPP technology to mimic nonribosomal peptides.
Solvothermal synthesis of nanoscale BaTiO3 in benzyl alcohol–water mixtures and effects of manganese oxide coating to enhance the PTCR effect
Authors: Zhang Min , Caldwell Thomas , Hector Andrew L. , Garcia-Araez Nuria , Falvey Joseph
Published: December 2022

Phase pure nanocrystalline BaTiO3 prepared via a solvothermal synthesis and effects of manganese oxide coating to enhance the PTCR effect.
H2/D2 separation in gas chromatography through a MOF-on-MOF strategy using γ-AlOOH@Al(OH)(1,4-NDC)@ZIF-67 as the stationary phase via additive effects of chemical affinity quantum sieving and kinetic sieving
Authors: Ping Enming , Kong Lingyun , Liu Mengyao , Zhou Yunshan , Zhang Lijuan , Chen Nan
Published: December 2022

The hydrogen isotope H2/D2 separation performance can be improved step-by-step by deliberately designing the stationary phase materials.
Precursor apportionment of atmospheric oxygenated organic molecules using a machine learning method
Authors: Qiao Xiaohui , Li Xiaoxiao , Yan Chao , Sarnela Nina , Yin Rujing , Guo Yishuo , Yao Lei , Nie Wei , Huang Dandan , Wang Zhe , Bianchi Federico , Liu Yongchun , Donahue Neil M. , Kulmala Markku , Jiang Jingkun
Published: December 2022

Machine learning is a promising tool in atmospheric chemistry to connect atmospheric oxygenated organic molecules with their precursors.
Integration of photovoltaic and photogating effects in a WSe2/WS2/p-Si dual junction photodetector featuring high-sensitivity and fast-response
Authors: Huang Zihao , Zhou Yuchen , Luo Zhongtong , Yang Yibing , Yang Mengmeng , Gao Wei , Yao Jiandong , Zhao Yu , Yang Yuhua , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Li Jingbo
Published: December 2022

A photovoltaic photodetector based on a hybrid dimensional WSe2/WS2/p-Si dual-vdW heterojunction is constructed, which can realize the coupling of the photovoltaic effect and photogating effect.
α-Carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides in transition metal-catalyzed C–H activation: a safe carbene precursor and a weak directing group
Authors: Singh Anurag , Kumar Shreemoyee , Volla Chandra M. R.
Published: December 2022

In the current review, we have compiled the reports on the use of sulfoxonium ylides in metal-catalyzed C–H activation either as a coupling partner or as a directing group. These are further subdivided based on the metal-catalyst employed.
Munronin V with 7/7/6 tricarbocyclic framework fromMunronia henryiharms inhibits tau pathology by activating autophagy
Authors: Yan Ying , Ran Xiaoqian , Wang Dan , Zhang Xiong , Peng Mingyou , Yan Xiaoyan , Tang Lei , Liang Hong , Qin Xujie , Di Ying-Tong , Luo Rongcan , Hao Xiao-Jiang , Yao Yong-Gang
Published: December 2022

Munronin V (1), a limonoid possessing a newly 7/7/6 tricarbocyclic framework, was obtained fromMunronia henryiHarms. 1 inhibited Tau pathology by activating TFEB-mediated autophagy, suggesting its potential for against Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Antiparallel alignment of the two angular momenta in a photoexcited dysprosium–phthalocyanine complex
Authors: Kizaki Kazuro , Santria Anas , Ishikawa Naoto
Published: December 2022

The intramolecular interaction between a localized 4f-electronic system and a photo-excited macrocyclic π-conjugated system was investigated in a mono-phthalocyaninato dysprosium(iii) complex.
Novel Ni–Ge–P anodes for lithium-ion batteries with enhanced reversibility and reduced redox potential
Authors: Liu Guoping , Wang Nan , Qi Fangya , Lu Xiaoyi , Liang Yaohua , Sun Zhipeng
Published: December 2022

Ge substitution for P tunes the structures of Ni–P anodes with enhanced reversibility and reduced redox potential.
FeS2intercalated montmorillonite as a multifunctional separator coating for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wu Lian , Zhao Yifang , Yu Yue , Liao Bing , Pang Hao , Xie Haijiao
Published: December 2022

A multifunctional separator coating material (FeS2@MMT) has been synthesized using cheap and abundant resources, which can efficiently suppress the shuttle effect in high-energy-density Li–S batteriesviathe absorption-catalysis synergistic effect.
Perylene dye@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles with intense fluorescence
Authors: Rutschmann Mark , Feldmann Claus
Published: December 2022

PD/CC@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles (PD: perylene dye, CC: cholecalciferol/vitamine D3) show high colloidal stability in water, intense emission from red to yellow with quantum yields near unity, and excellent photostability.
Mode-locking pulse generation based on lead-free halide perovskite CsCu2I3 micro-rods with high stability
Authors: Deng Haiqin , Xu Xing , Liu Fangqi , Yu Qiang , Shu Bowang , Yang Zixin , Zhu Sicong , Zhang Qinglin , Wu Jian , Zhou Pu
Published: December 2022

A CsCu2I3 SA-based passively mode-locking fiber laser was demonstrated. The fiber laser could operate stably for at least five months, which will potentially unlock the pathways for ultrafast photonics based on lead-free halide perovskites.
A neuro‐evolutionary approach for software defined wireless network traffic classification
Authors: Pradhan Buddhadeb , Hussain Mir Wajahat , Srivastava Gautam , Debbarma Mrinal K. , Barik Rabindra K. , Lin Jerry Chun‐Wei
Published: December 2022

Accurate network traffic classification is an essential and challenging issue for wireless network management and survivability. Existing network traffic classification algorithms, on the other hand, cannot meet the required specifications of real networks' in terms of user privacy control overhead, latency, and above all, classification speed. For wireless network traffic classification, machine learning‐based and hybrid optimization techniques have been deployed. This paper takes a software‐defined wireless network (SDWN) architecture for network traffic classification into account. Because the proposed scheme is perfectly contained within the network controller,the SDWN controller's higher processing capability, global visibility, and programmability can be used to achieve real‐time, adaptive, and precise traffic classification. In this paper, a neuro‐evolutionary approach is proposed in which the feed forward neural network (FFNN) is the base classifier and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to train the FFNN to accurately classify traffic while minimizing communication overhead between the controller and the SDWN switches. Simulation experiments were conducted by acquiring real‐world internet datasets to test the efficacy of the proposed scheme. The results and the state‐of‐the‐art comparisons show that the proposed approach has outperformed in terms of accuracy in wireless traffic classification.
Compact multiband bandpass filters based on parallel coupled split structure multimode resonators
Authors: Luo Jie , Shi Kaibo , Gao Shanshan
Published: December 2022

In this letter, a novel sext‐band bandpass filter (BPF) using two split‐type multiple‐mode resonators is proposed. The filter is composed of two sets of resonators which are respectively designed to realize Filter 1 with two passbands and Filter 2 with quad passbands. Then the two BPFs are combined by parallel coupling feed lines for sext‐band responses, and each of the six centre frequencies in the proposed sext‐band BPF is able to be controlled due to the design freedom. To validate the design and analysis, a prototype filter has been fabricated with six passbands centred at 1.88/2.59/3.48/5.26/5.82/6.75 GHz. The measured result of the fabricated filter agrees well with the simulation, which shows that the proposed structure is a good candidate for sext‐band BPF designs and validates the proposed design flow well.
WCE‐DCGAN: A data augmentation method based on wireless capsule endoscopy images for gastrointestinal disease detection
Authors: Xiao Zhiguo , Lu Jia , Wang Xiaokun , Li Nianfeng , Wang Yuying , Zhao Nan
Published: December 2022

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is becoming more popular in clinical settings as a safe and painless gastrointestinal examination. Existing studies on automatic detection of lesions in WCE images have the problems of small dataset size and uneven distribution of numbers in terms of categories, which often leads to overfitting of the model and severely limits the performance improvement of the object detection network on WCE images. The traditional data enhancement methods such as flipping and local erasure have limitations and cannot achieve good generalization results. Therefore, a WCE‐DCGAN network was proposed in this paper to generate WCE images from existing WCE images. Using the images generated by this network and the original images as the input of the object detection network, there are different degrees of performance improvement on SSD, YOLOv5, and YOLOv4, and the average recognition accuracy of 97.25% can be achieved on SSD. Meanwhile, images generated by WCE‐DCGAN not only enlarge the size of the data set, but also have the characteristics of diversity, which makes the model have a good generalization effect.
Legal governance countermeasures for social problems based on the clustering algorithm under the application of big data technology
Authors: Zhao Xuejie
Published: December 2022

The purpose is to improve the security of the application of big data technology and ensure the stable development of society in the context of big data. Firstly, big data technology and its development are discussed. Secondly, the social problems caused by big data technology are analysed. Finally, the governance principles and legal governance methods are proposed based on the social problems caused by big data technology. The research results manifest that the social problems caused by the application of big data technology basically include psychological invasion, privacy leakage, the digital divide etc. These problems have caused great harm to society and the public. Through these problems, the basic governance principles and legal governance methods of social problems under the application of big data are designed, which basically include the principles of people‐oriented, fairness and justice, openness and transparency, participation and sharing, respect and protection, and accountability. And the basic connotation and characteristics of legal means are discussed, thereby improving the basic function of legal means of governance. This research not only provides basic concepts and standards for the development and application of big data technology but also contributes to safeguarding public interests and promoting social stability.
Modelling of demand response programs in energy management of combined cooling, heat and power‐based microgrids considering resiliency
Authors: Azarinfar Hossein , Khosravi Mohsen , Ranjkeshan Reza , Akbari Ehsan
Published: December 2022

Demand‐Side Management (DSM) Strategic plan of International Energy Agency states that the first option in all energy policies to achieve sustainable, reliable, and economic systems is DSM activities such as demand response programs (DRP). Thereby, these programs must also be considered in energy management of microgrids (MGs) and their operation and resiliency optimization. Energy management in MGs is carried out with different objectives such as reducing operation costs and enhancing the resilience response. In the first approach, the microgrid operator attempts to minimize the energy cost supplied by available resources in normal conditions. On the other hand, the goal of improving microgrid resilience response is to reduce the energy outages and load interruptions in emergencies such as occurrence of floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes. Naturally, in the second approach, the generation share of the microgrid resources itself in supplying the required demand is more; because the microgrid and main network connection will be lost in this approach. Since these two approaches may lead to different strategies in microgrid energy management, a compromise must be reached between them. In this paper, DRP, storage devices, renewable resources, such as wind and photovoltaic (PV) units, are modelled to manage energy in the MGs equipped with Combined Cooling, Heat, and Power to minimize the operation costs and enhance the resilience response. Three case studies are considered. The first case deals with the management of energy and structure in MGs without considering resilience objective function and responsive loads. In the second case, the resilience objective function is considered in the problem, and in the third study, responsive loads were also taken into account. The results show that the total objective function is reduced by considering the resilience objective function in case two. Also, the use of responsive loads in the third case also reduces more the total costs of MGs.
Utilizing high fidelity data into engineering model calculations for accurate wind turbine performance and load assessments under design load cases
Authors: Bangga Galih , Parkinson Steven , Lutz Thorsten
Published: December 2022

Wind turbines often have lower performance and experience higher loading in real operation compared to the original design performance. The reasons stem from the influences of complex atmospheric turbulence, blade contamination, surface imperfection and airfoil‐shape changes. Engineering models used for designing wind turbines are limited to information derived from blade sectional datasets, while details on the three‐dimensional blade characteristics are not captured. In these studies, a dedicated strategy to improve the prediction accuracy of engineering model calculations will be presented. The main aim is to present an elaborated effort to obtain a better estimate of the turbine loads in realistic operating conditions. The present studies are carried out by carefully utilizing data from high fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) computations into Blade Element Momentum (BEM) and Vortexline methods. The results are in a good agreement with detailed field measurement data of a 2.3 MW turbine. The studies are further extended to a large turbine having a rated power of 10 MW to provide an overview of its suitability for large turbines. Finally, calculations of the wind turbine under a realistic IEC design load case are demonstrated. The studies highlight important considerations for engineering modeling using BEM and Vortexline methods.
Homogenization of sound-soft and high-contrast acoustic metamaterials in subcritical regimes
Authors: Feppon Florian , Ammari Habib
Published: December 2022

We propose a quantitative effective medium theory for two types of acoustic metamaterials constituted of a large number N of small heterogeneities of characteristic size s, randomly and independently distributed in a bounded domain. We first consider a “sound-soft” material, in which the total wave field satisfies a Dirichlet boundary condition on the acoustic obstacles. In the “sub-critical” regime sN = O(1), we obtain that the effective medium is governed by a dissipative Lippmann–Schwinger equation which approximates the total field with a relative mean-square error of order O(max((sN)2N-1/3, N-1/2)). We retrieve the critical size s ~ 1/N of the literature at which the effects of the obstacles can be modelled by a “strange term” added to the Helmholtz equation. Second, we consider high-contrast acoustic metamaterials, in which each of the N heterogeneities are packets of K inclusions filled with a material of density much lower than the one of the background medium. As the contrast parameter vanishes, δ → 0, the effective medium admits K resonant characteristic sizes (si(δ))1≤i≤K and is governed by a Lippmann–Schwinger equation, which is diffusive or dispersive (with negative refractive index) for frequencies ω respectively slightly larger or slightly smaller than the corresponding K resonant frequencies (ωi (δ))1≤i≤K. These conclusions are obtained under the condition that (i) the resonance is of monopole type, and (ii) lies in the “subcritical regime” where the contrast parameter is small enough, i.e. δ = o(N−2)), while the considered frequency is “not too close” to the resonance, i.e. Nδ1/2 = O(|1 - s/si(δ)|). Our mathematical analysis and the current literature allow us to conjecture that “solidification” phenomena are expected to occur in the “super-critical” regime Nδ1/2|1 - s/si(δ)|-1 → + ∞.
Characterization of local time dependence of equatorial spread F responses to substorms in the American sector
Authors: Gao Shunzu , Cai Hongtao , Zhan Weijia , Wan Xin , Xiong Chao , Zhang Hong , Xu Chen
Published: December 2022

Substorms have been found to play an important role in ionospheric electrodynamics at low and equatorial latitudes. In this study, we have investigated the possible influence of substorm on the generation of equatorial spread F (ESF). Coherent backscatter radar (JULIA) and incoherent scatter radar measurements between 2000 and 2017 at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (11.95° S, 76.87° W, ~0° dip lat) are used. In statistical analysis, 12,525 h of ESF measurements are considered and have been divided into two groups based on their local time: post-sunset (18–24 LT) and post-midnight (00–06 LT). The superposed epoch analysis shows that the substorm-caused disturbance on vertical plasma drift can last longer than 12 h, which further affects the occurrence rate of ESF during a substorm. The increase/decrease of ESF at the post-sunset/post-midnight sector with about a 1 h lag to the substorm commencement is attributed to the prompt penetration electric field (PPEF), while the disturbance dynamo electric field needs approximately 3.5 h to suppress/promote the post-sunset/post-midnight ESF after substorm. In addition, the absolute value of correlation coefficients between the AE index and the occurrence rate of ESF is the largest when a 3–3.5 h lag is considered, which implies that the effect of disturbance dynamo electric fields could be more significant than prompt penetration electric field for the generation (suppression) of post-midnight (post-sunset) ESF during a substorm.
Jump and Sprint Performance Directly and 24 h After Velocity-
vs. Failure-based Training
Authors: Held Steffen , Rappelt Ludwig , Deutsch Jan-Philip , Donath Lars
Published: December 2022

The combination of plyometric and resistance training (RT) is frequently used to
increase power-related adaptations. Since plyometric training is most effective
when athletes are in a well-rested state, the acute effect of RT on plyometric
performance should be carefully considered. Thus, 15 highly trained males
(23.1±3.5 yrs, 1.80±0.06 m,
79.1±7.9 kg) completed a load- and volume-matched velocity-based
RT session with 10% velocity loss (VL10) and traditional 1-repetition
maximum-based RT session to failure (TRF) in a randomized order. Repeated
sprints (5 × 15 m), countermovement jumps (CMJs), and drop jumps
(DJs) were measured before, immediately after, and 24 h after both
sessions. Lactate, heart rate, and perceived effort (RPE) were measured. Sprint,
CMJ, and DJ revealed significant interaction effects (rANOVA
p<0.001, ηp
2≥0.63).
Immediately afterward, sprint, DJ, and CMJ were less negatively affected
(p≤0.03, SMD≥|0.40|) by VL10 vs. TRF.
Sprint and CMJ were already recovered 24 h post-testing and showed no
significant differences between TRF and VL10 (p≥0.07,
SMD≤|0.21|). Twenty-four hours post-testing, DJs were
still reduced during TRF but already recovered during VL10
(p=0.01, SMD=|0.70|). TRF resulted in
higher lactate, heart rate, and RPE compared to VL10 (p≤0.019,
η
p

2≥0.27,
SMD≥|0.68|). In conclusion, the non-failure-based VL10
impairs jump and sprint performance less than the failure-based TRF approach,
despite matched volume and intensity.
Antibiotic Use During Pregnancy and Childbirth: Prospective Observational Study on Prevalence, Indications, and Prescribing Patterns in a German Tertiary Center
Authors: Schilling Anna-Lara , Rody Achim , Bossung Verena
Published: December 2022

Introduction Antibiotics are powerful drugs to prevent and treat perinatal infections. Overuse of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance, has potential side effects and
influences the maternal and neonatal microbiome.

Patients and Methods We performed a prospective observational study on the prevalence, indications, and prescribing patterns of antibiotics during pregnancy and childbirth. We
included women who had given birth after 23+0 weeks of gestation at a single tertiary center in Germany from January 2020 to March 2021. Descriptive statistics and binomial regression were
performed to analyze the factors influencing the prescription of antibiotics.

Results We included 522 postpartum women into our study. 337 (64.6%) were exposed to antibiotics during pregnancy and/or childbirth. 115 women received antibiotics during pregnancy,
291 during birth. Most antibiotics during pregnancy were prescribed for urinary tract infections (UTIs) (56.0%). Most prescriptions were issued by obstetrics and gynecology physicians
(65.8%), followed by hospitals (16.7%) and family medicine physicians (8.8%). Most antibiotics during childbirth were given for a cesarean section (64.3%), followed by preterm rupture of
membranes (41.2%). 95.3% of women who had a preterm birth were exposed to antibiotics. In logistic regression models, lower gestational age at birth, higher maternal body-mass-index and
smoking were independently associated with antibiotic use during pregnancy and childbirth.

Conclusion We found a high rate of antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childbirth. Our results imply an urgent need for antibiotic stewardship programs in perinatal medicine as
well as further research on the effects of perinatal antibiotic exposure on microbiome development and childhood health.
Comparison of Biosimilar Trastuzumab ABP 980 with Reference Trastuzumab in Neoadjuvant Therapy for HER2-positive Breast Cancer – an Analysis of a Large University Breast Cancer
Centre
Authors: Matovina Sabine , Engler Tobias , Volmer Lea-Louise , Müller Heike , Grischke Eva-Maria , Staebler Annette , Hahn Markus , Brucker Sara Yvonne , Hartkopf Andreas Daniel
Published: December 2022

Background ABP 980 is a biosimilar antibody to reference trastuzumab (RTZ). Aim of the following study is to confirm the similarity of ABP 980 and RTZ in terms of clinical efficacy
and safety in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer (EBC) undergoing neoadjuvant trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy in a clinical real-world situation that also includes
patients receiving pertuzumab.

Methods Patients with HER2-positive EBC, who were treated from 12/2010 to 03/2020 at the Department of Women’s Health at Tuebingen University Hospital, Germany, with at least four
cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (+/− pertuzumab) in combination with ABP 980 or RTZ were included in a retrospective analysis. For efficacy analysis patients achieving a pathologic
complete remission (pCR = no invasive tumor in breast and lymph nodes) were compared. Safety was evaluated by comparing the number of patients with a decrease in left ventricular function
(LVEF) of > 10%.

Results 124 patients were included of whom 46 (37.1%) have received ABP 980 and 77 (62.9%) were treated with RTZ. A pCR was found in 77 patients (62.1%). For patients treated with
ABP 980 as compared to RTZ, there was no significant difference regarding efficacy (pCR-rates of 60.9% versus 62.8%, p = 0.829) or cardiac safety (LVEF decline in 6.5% versus 2.6%,
p = 0.274).

Conclusion Similarity of ABP 980 as compared to RTZ was confirmed in a real-world situation, including a large proportion of patients that have also received pertuzumab
treatment.
Pentagon-Fused Sumanenes on the Aromatic Peripheries en Route to the Bottom-Up Synthesis of Fullerenes
Authors: Sakurai Hidehiro , Nakazawa Hironobu , Uetake Yuta , Yakiyama Yumi
Published: December 2022

Bowl-shaped π-conjugated sumanenyltriamines were successfully synthesized in a one-step reaction from bromomethylsumanene. This molecule represents an example of hemiazafullerene (C54N6 fragment) with six isolated pentagons. Its single-crystal X-ray structural analysis showed the formation of one-dimensional columnar structures incorporating chloroform. The hemifullerene (C30 fragment) was also synthesized when the nucleophile was changed to dimethylmalonate.
Histomorphological Spectrum and Diagnostic Challenges in Thymic Epithelial Neoplasms with their Prognostic Significance: A Case Series of 33 Cases at a Regional Cancer Center in Western India
Authors: Dhandapani Karthik , Gandhi Jahnavi , Timaniya Sonali , Joshi Krutika , Gami Amisha , Shah Ashini , Trivedi Priti
Published: December 2022

Objective Pathological diagnosis of thymic epithelial neoplasms is challenging due to multiple subtypes, tumor heterogeneity, and variations in inter-observer reproducibility. Very few studies are available on their spectrum in the Indian subcontinent. In this study, we aimed to explore the morphological spectrum and diagnostic difficulties in the classification and subtyping of thymic epithelial neoplasms along with their prognostic significance in the Indian population.

Material and Methods Retrospectively, all surgically resected thymectomy specimens operated at our institute as well as outside review cases during the period were included. Histomorphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) slides were reviewed and correlated with clinicopathological variables.

Statistical Analysis Microsoft Excel 2019 and SPSS version 20 were used for data analysis.

Results Among the 33 thymic epithelial neoplasms operated during the study period, the commonest subtype was thymoma B2 type followed by AB, B1, A, and B3 types. A single case each of micronodular thymoma, microscopic thymoma, and thymic carcinoma were identified. Six cases of thymomas with more than one pattern (other than ‘A’) were noted. The male:female ratio was 2:1. Stage I in Modified Masaoka staging and pT1a in TNM staging were most common. Seven cases had metastasis, four during initial presentation and three during subsequent follow-up.

Discussion and Conclusion Thymic epithelial neoplasms show morphological overlapping of features. Thorough sampling, morphology, and IHC for exact subtyping of thymoma and diligent search and documenting of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) are vital as both are separate risk factors for metastasis/recurrence and help the clinician in a better follow-up of patients.
Acute Pancreatitis Secondary to Hypertriglyceridemia during Pregnancy
Authors: Alenezi Raed , Almutairi Waleed M. , Saleh Najla , Aldahash Raed , Al-Saleh Yousef
Published: December 2022

Introduction Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) (triglycerides > 1,000 mg/dL [11.3 mmol/L]) has been associated with a high risk of developing acute pancreatitis (AP) in pregnant women, but this condition is rare. We present the case of a pregnant Saudi with AP secondary to HTG.

Case Report A 27-year-old Saudi female presented at 30 weeks' gestational age with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting of 4 days' duration. AP was diagnosed based on clinical presentation, high lipase, and abdominal ultrasound findings. Her triglyceride level was 58 mmol/L. Fenofibrate and intravenous regular insulin infusion with dextrose were started, which decreased triglycerides by the third day from 58.8 to 29 mmol/L (50% reduction) with a further reduction to 11 mmol/L (81%) by day 7 of her admission. Labor was induced at 37 weeks of gestation, and she delivered a healthy neonate.

Conclusion We report successful treatment of AP in pregnancy with intravenous insulin and fenofibrate. Several case reports have discussed the therapeutic option of AP induced by HTG in pregnancy. Lipid-lowering agents are category C in pregnancy. However, few case reports indicate their safety. Insulin, heparin, and apheresis have also been used during pregnancy without any complications.
Unusual Cause of Acute Urinary Retention in Young Male Patient: Primary Synovial Sarcoma of Prostate—A Case Report
Authors: Bandegudda Santhoshkumar , Manilal Rakesh Sharma , Giridhar Ashwin , Rao B. Vishal
Published: December 2022

Introduction Primary synovial sarcoma (SS) of the prostate is the rarest variety of prostate sarcoma. The first documented and confirmed case of SS of the prostate was published by Iwasaki et al in the year 1999; since then, only a few cases of primary SS of the prostate have been published in English literature.

Case Report We report a unique case of primary SS in a young patient who presented with acute urinary retention and underwent emergency suprapubic catheterization, and on evaluation was diagnosed with primary SS of the prostate. Patient was managed with radical cystoprostatectomy and resection of the anterior wall of rectum infiltrated by the tumor with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Patient died after 2 months of surgery.

Conclusion Primary SS of the prostate is a rare disease and important clinical entity to be included in differential diagnosis of acute urinary retention in young patients. It is associated with high local recurrence and poor prognosis, which warrants multidisciplinary approach of treatment.
General Surgery: Requirements, Rationale, and Robust Results
Authors: Jain Sunil , Puranik Ashok
Published: December 2022

Safe, timely, and affordable surgical care is desirable worldwide, but is largely an unmet need. Surgical care is recognized as an important component of public health. Vision for sustainable surgical development is desirable, and general surgeons can contribute substantially toward this mission.

In the absence of surgical care, case-fatality rates are high for common and easily treatable conditions. These include congenital anomalies, hernia, fractures, appendicitis, etc. Solution is surgical care. Results of surgery on time are rewarding.

General surgeons, as per the Medical Council of India, are required to (1) recognize the health needs of the community and carry out professional obligations, (2) be competent, and (3) be aware of the contemporary advances and developments in the discipline concerned. All this ensures that the general surgeon should be able to treat almost all surgical conditions effectively.

With timely, cautious, careful, and tactful surgeries, general surgeons should be able to deliver robust results both electively and in emergency. All this in the true spirit of “Vayam Sevaamahe – We are for service” the motto of the Association of Surgeons of India. General surgeons should boost the best what was termed “Professional patriotism” in the historic Flexner report.
Anterior Jugular Vein Hemangioma: A Diagnostic Conundrum and Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Dokania Vivek , Mhashal Shashikant , Rengaraja Devkumar , Kewle Prashant
Published: December 2022

Hemangioma is a common tumor accounting for 8 to 10 % of benign neoplasm. However, hemangioma arising from blood vessels is rare and even rarer if the vessel involved is anterior jugular vein (AJV). AJV hemangioma can be confused with jugular phlebectasia, laryngocele, thyroglossal cyst, simple cyst, or other vascular malformation of same origin. They should be considered in differential of midline/paramedian neck swelling. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice whenever possible, and even allows for histopathological evaluation and a confirmatory diagnosis. Being an extremely rare entity, there is paucity in literature about it and more publications are required to extend understanding and eliminate existing doubts about the pathology. We present an extremely rare case of AJV hemangioma that presented as a painless midline swelling and was initially confused as simple neck cyst on radiological assessment. We believe that this is the second only case of AJV hemangioma reported in English literature.
Meckel Syndrome: A Clinical and Molecular Overview
Authors: Valentini Giulia , Saia Maria , Farello Giovanni , Salpietro Vincenzo , Mancuso Alessio , Ceravolo Ida , Colucci Pia V. , Torre Manuela , Iapadre Giulia , Rosa Gabriella Di , Cucinotta Francesca
Published: December 2022

Meckel syndrome (MKS) is a lethal, autosomal recessive, congenital syndrome caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins structurally or functionally related to the primary cilium. MKS is a malformative syndrome, most commonly characterized by occipital meningoencephalocele, polycystic kidney disease, liver fibrosis, and post- and (occasionally) preaxial polydactyly. To date, more than 10 genes are known to constitute the molecular background of MKS, displaying genetic heterogeneity. Individuals with MKS may resemble some phenotypic features of Joubert syndrome and related disorders, thus making diagnostic setting quite challenging. Here, we systematically reviewed the main clinical and genetic characteristics of MKS and its role among ciliopathies.
Papillary Muscle Rupture following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Singh Ajmer , Nanda Chinmaya , Mehta Yatin
Published: December 2022

Rupture of a papillary muscle after acute myocardial infarction is a rare but potentially fatal complication. It can lead to acute, severe mitral regurgitation, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, and death. Immediate surgical intervention in the form of mitral valve repair/replacement with concomitant coronary revascularization can reduce mortality. We herein report such a case who presented with cardiogenic shock and made a successful outcome after emergent surgery.
Beta-Adrenergic Blockade: Is It the Prudent Choice against Sympathetic Overdrive in Patients with Hypertension or Heart Failure?
Authors: Chopra H.K , Pancholia A.K , Desai Bhupen N. , Sinha Ajay K. , Dabhade Dhammdeep , Newale Sanket
Published: December 2022

The development of hypertension and heart failure is correlated with the hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. Beta-blockers are often considered a good therapeutic option in such clinical scenarios. However, the choice of β-blocker is a concern because of certain aspects like associated metabolic disturbances with their usage. Metoprolol has been reported to have the potential to alleviate sympathetic overdrive in patients with hypertension and heart failure. S-Metoprolol is the chirally pure β-blocker with favorable pharmacological features, improved safety profile, and allied clinical advantages versus racemic metoprolol; given this, can it be an effective therapeutic option against sympathetic overdrive in patients with hypertension and/or heart failure is not fully recognized yet. In this review, we attempted to discuss the current facts around sympathetic overdrive linked with hypertension as well as heart failure and pertaining pharmacological intervention with a focus on β-blockers in these clinical situations with an emphasis on the likely beneficial role of S-metoprolol.