bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revealing the Effects of Trace Oxygen Vacancies on Improper Ferroelectric Manganite with In Situ Biasing
Authors: Cheng Shaobo , Meng Qingping , Han Myung‐Geun , Deng Shiqing , Li Xing , Zhang Qinghua , Tan Guotai , Botton Gianluigi A. , Zhu Yimei
Published: January 2019

Multiferroic materials, which exhibit multiple orderings, are promising for next generation data‐storage device applications. YMnO3, in particular, because of the coexistence of the ferroelectricity and (anti)ferromagnetism within one single material, has drawn special attentions to application‐based research. However, the role of defect chemistry related to the behaviors of the ferroelectric polarization has been seldomly studied due to its complexity. In this work, a novel switching behavior of multiferroic YMnO3 single crystal is reported using in situ biasing and Landau based numerical calculation. It is revealed that the domain switching only happens at the topmost surface, which can be well explained by the electric field redistribution due to the trace amount of oxygen vacancies. These in situ observations demonstrate that defect chemistry plays an important role in domain switching and can be utilized as an additional parameter for controlling the distribution of electric field within the multiferroic materials.
Visible‐Light‐Induced, Manganese‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of 2‐Biphenyl Isocyanides with Cyclopropanols for the Synthesis of 6‐β‐Ketoalkyl Phenanthridines
Authors: Wang Liping , Ding Qiuping , Li Xiaofang , Peng Yiyuan
Published: January 2019

A visible‐light‐induced, manganese‐catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of 6‐β‐keto alkyl phenanthridines has been developed efficiently from 2‐biphenyl isocyanides and cyclopropanols in the absence of an external oxidant. This transformation is amenable to various isocyanides and tertiary cyclopropanols under catalytic amounts of Mn(acac)3 (10 mol%).
Robust fault detection filters design for switched systems with all subsystems unstable
Authors: Su Qingyu , Fan Zhongxin
Published: January 2019

This paper studies the fault detection problem for switched systems with all modes unstable. In this paper, we convert the fault detection filters design problem into the H∞ performance study. First, employing the average dwell time approach, a switching signal ensuring the stability property is acquired. Then, through discretized Lyapunov function method, a novel Lyapunov function is put forward. In addition, sufficient conditions are presented to get the H∞ performance in terms of LMIs. It should be mentioned that the parameters of the fault detection filters can be gained through solving the LMIs, utilizing the Schur's lemma. Finally, an example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Vereinfachter Nachweis der inneren Tragfähigkeit von Stabilisierungssäulen
Authors: Alber Dirk
Published: January 2019

Ein Schema zum Nachweis der inneren Tragfähigkeit von unbewehrten Stabilisierungssäulen auf der Basis von Schiefstellungen in Anlehnung an das Berechnungsschema der DIN EN 1992‐1 wurde vom Verfasser in der Bautechnik 90 (2013) vorgestellt. Um die Anwendung dieses Nachweises zu vereinfachen, wurde eine Vielzahl von Vergleichsberechnungen für verschiedene Arten von Stabilisierungssäulen durchgeführt. So war es möglich, einfache Bemessungskurven für horizontal unverschieblich gehaltene Tragsysteme zu entwickeln, die den Aufwand für diesen Nachweis erheblich verringern.
Between a hard place and a hard place: A study of ethical dilemmas experienced by student teachers while on practicum
Authors: Davies Maree , Heyward Paul
Published: January 2019

Assisting student teachers to understand the ethical nature of their work and developing the moral vocabulary to deal with ethical dilemmas of practice are vital components of initial teacher education. The study explores ethical dilemmas experienced by 100 student teachers in their final year of their teaching degrees while on practicum. The data examined were written reflective statements of each of the 100 students’ ethical dilemmas. The study found that, while some types of ethical dilemmas seem universal, a more situated theory of initial teacher education ethics is required to understand the particular sociocultural factors that inform the nature of teacher practice in context‐specific environments. Our study highlights the need for preservice teacher education focusing on student teachers finding their own authentic ethical voice, through the examination of ethical dilemmas via critical thinking and the wider examination of the political, historical and social contexts that led to the dilemma. The dilemmas faced by the students were likely to be, in part, identifiable with fellow student teachers in other countries, but we argue that dilemmas are strongly contextualised. Our study is useful for educators working with student teachers in the practicum environment to instil confidence in student teachers to follow their own moral compass.
CGRP monoclonal antibody for preventive treatment of chronic migraine: An update of meta‐analysis
Authors: Han Lin , Liu Yao , Xiong Hai , Hong Peiwei
Published: January 2019

Background

CGRP monoclonal antibody (mAb) is a promising preventive treatment for episodic migraine and has been approved by US FDA recently. But the treatments for chronic migraine are rare. Therefore, we performed meta‐analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of CGRP mAbs in preventing chronic migraine.

Methods

Database including Cochrane Library and PubMed were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which are about CGRP mAb in preventing treatment of chronic migraine. Evaluating the bias and quality of RCTs was carried out according to the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. The data analysis was carried out by reviewer manager 5.2.

Results

Totally, 6 articles enrolled in the present meta‐analysis, including 4 independent clinical trials and 3,166 patients. After pooled analysis, it indicated that CGRP mAb improved 50% responder rate (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = [2.04, 2.87], I2 = 0%, p < 0.00001) and 75% responder rate (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = [1.30, 2.91], I2 = 0%, p = 0.001), as compared with placebo. And there was no difference in incidence of adverse events between CGRP mAb group and placebo group except incidence of injection site discomfort.

Conclusions

CGRP mAb is an effective and safety preventive treatment for chronic migraine.
Interactive effects of various institutional pressures on corporate environmental responsibility: Institutional theory and multilevel analysis
Authors: Gao Yawen , Gu Jibao , Liu Hefu
Published: January 2019

This study investigates the role of institutional pressures in corporate environmental responsibility (CER) by testing the interacting effects among cognitive, regulative, and normative pressures at cross levels. Specifically, this research decomposes the cognitive dimension of CER into perceived environmental benefit and perceived ethical obligation to differentiate their mechanisms. The sample is obtained from 212 firms within 34 industrial clusters. Results of two‐level regression modeling confirm that regulative and normative pressures play different roles in the positive effects of perceived environmental benefit and perceived ethical obligation on CER. Regulative pressure attenuates the effect of perceived environmental benefit and amplifies the effect of perceived ethical obligation. Meanwhile, normative pressure attenuates the effect of perceived ethical obligation. These findings suggest that heterogeneous interaction effects may reduce the efficiency of institutional pressures during the initial stage of CER diffusion. Implications for future research and policies are discussed.
Long‐term outcome after surgical repair of a rapid‐grown ischemic ventricular aneurysm causing ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Gensler Daniel , Müntze Jonas , Nordbeck Peter
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical Message

While improved treatment numerically decreased ventricular aneurysms after myocardial infarction, respective cases still represent a clinical challenge due to difficulties in diagnosis, complications like tachycardia, and controversies in state‐of‐the‐art treatment. Our case illustrates good long‐term outcome of surgical aneurysmectomy in cases where ventricular geometry can be restored to near‐physiological dimensions.
Severe headache in primary Sjögren’s syndrome treated with intrathecal rituximab
Authors: Tjensvoll Anne Bolette , Lauvsnes Maria Boge , Norheim Katrine Brekke , Omdal Roald
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical Message

A severe and persistent migrainous headache in a patient with primary Sjøgren's syndrome unresponsive to treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, triptans, opioids, and NSAIDs, responded successfully to intrathecal B‐cell depletion with rituximab. We hypothesize that brain‐resident autoreactive B cells were involved in headache pathogenesis and were eliminated by this procedure.
Urea‐Modified Phenol‐Formaldehyde Resins for the Template‐Assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhai Duo D. , Wang Min , Liu Jin S. , Chen Xiang Y. , Zhang Zhong J.
Published: January 2019

Various kinds of phenol‐formaldehyde resins modified with urea have been firstly designed and synthesized; next, nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets with porous features are fabricated by a template‐assisted carbonization method, using the resin as nitrogen and carbon sources, and commercial Mg(OH)2 as template. Increasing the initial molar ratio of urea results in promoting porosity and N content. When a molar ratio of phenol and urea of 1 : 2 is employed, the resulting carbon nanosheets exhibit a large SBET (1503 m2 g−1), high pore volume (3.37 cm3 g−1) and high N doping (6.44 %). Moreover, the material delivers a remarkably improved capacitive performances with a high rate capability up to 81.27 % (pristine material: 27.31 %) and excellent cycling stability up to 119.1 % (pristine material: 88.5 %). Energy densities of up to 4.30 Wh kg−1 (6.0 M KOH) and 10.42 Wh kg−1 (1.0 M Na2SO4) are found, which are almost 2.70 and 6.61 fold compared to that of the pristine one. The present resin‐based synthesis strategy can be extended to other systems and opens up an avenue for producing N‐doped carbon materials for supercapacitor applications.
Comparison of validation variants by sum of ranking differences and ANOVA
Authors: Héberger Károly , Kollár‐Hunek Klára
Published: January 2019

The old debate is revived: Definite differences can be observed in suggestions of estimation for prediction performances of models and for validation variants according to the various scientific disciplines. However, the best and/or recommended practice for the same data set cannot be dependent on the field of usage. Fortunately, there is a method comparison algorithm, which can rank and group the validation variants; its combination with variance analysis will reveal whether the differences are significant or merely the play of random errors. Therefore, three case studies have been selected carefully to reveal similarities and differences in validation variants. The case studies illustrate the different significance of these variants well. In special circumstances, any of the influential factors for validation variants can exert significant influence on evaluation by sums of (absolute) ranking differences (SRDs): stratified (contiguous block) or repeated Monte Carlo resampling and how many times the data set is split (5‐7‐10). The optimal validation variant should be determined individually again and again. A random resampling with sevenfold cross‐validations seems to be a good compromise to diminish the bias and variance alike. If the data structure is unknown, a randomization of rows is suggested before SRD analysis. On the other hand, the differences in classifiers, validation schemes, and models proved to be always significant, and even subtle differences can be detected reliably using SRD and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Experimental and thermodynamic study of Li‐O and Li2O‐P2O5 systems
Authors: Jin Liling , Wang Jian , Rousselot Steeve , Dollé Mickaël , Chartrand Patrice
Published: January 2019

LiFePO4 (LFP) as a promising cathode material has been extensively studied. However, the high cost of current batch production technology limits its application, especially in automotive industries. To develop the new melting synthesis of LFP, the process conditions have to be strictly controlled, such as temperature, composition, and the partial pressure of oxygen. Reliable and accurate thermodynamic information about Li‐Fe‐P‐O systems could serve as a useful guide for designing operating conditions. As part of ongoing efforts, the Li‐O and Li2O‐P2O5 binary systems have been first studied following the CALPHAD method using FactSage thermodynamic software. The data on thermodynamic properties (Cp, enthalpy of formation, and vapor pressure) and phase diagrams (liquidus/solidus temperature, phase transition, and solid solubility) available in the literature were carefully reviewed and evaluated for the above‐mentioned systems. The modified quasichemical model (MQM) with quadruplet approximation was used for the liquid phase in the present studies. This model simultaneously takes into account the short‐range ordering of first‐nearest‐neighbours (FNN) and second‐nearest‐neighbours (SNN), which improves the thermodynamic description of the Gibbs energy of the liquid. The thermodynamic model parameters of the Gibbs energy have been obtained for all of the phases considered in the Li‐O and Li2O‐P2O5 binary systems. DSC‐TGA experiments on the selected four compositions were carried out to validate the liquidus and phase transition temperature reported in the literature. Overall, the self‐consistent thermodynamic description using the model parameters obtained in this work can successfully reproduce the evaluated experimental data.
Social car: The research of interaction design on the driver's communication system
Authors: Yu Zhao , Lin Xun
Published: January 2019

Road traffic in the city is changing with each passing day. The current communication system is based on sound, light, and other ways. Insufficient information may lead to misunderstandings and conflicts among drivers. We hope to use the existing digital information and interaction technology in designing socialized information service for automobiles. This is to enable drivers to exercise a more social behavior while driving. In this paper, the interaction design of a driver communication system is studied. We carried out three driving simulation experiments to study three different ways of interaction interfaces and then promoted a questionnaire based on NASA TLX to understand the subjective feelings and subjective workload of drivers in using these interaction interfaces. The four dimensions of driving quality evaluation, road attention evaluation, interaction effect evaluation, and subjective evaluation are analyzed. The results suggest four ideas. (a) The distractions of the audio and text interface are far below that of the video interface. The audio interface has the least distraction by sending information. (b) The errors in words or pronunciation barely affect the understanding of the meaning of the drivers' message. However, it will cause an increase in distraction. (c) Marking some important information in text display gives drivers a better understanding and interaction experience. (d) The video interface gives drivers a sense of social participation. According to these conclusions, we can give some guidance to the driver's communication system. It not only helps the drivers accomplish the driving task but also creates more social actions with other drivers. It is necessary to reduce driving distraction and enhance the availability for the communication system in the future.
Direct Hydrogenation of Aluminum via Stabilization with Triethylenediamine: A Mechanochemical Approach to Synthesize the Triethylenediamine ⋅ AlH3 Adduct
Authors: Ortmeyer Jochen , Bodach Alexander , Sandig‐Predzymirska Lesia , Zibrowius Bodo , Mertens Florian , Felderhoff Michael
Published: January 2019

Two approaches for the synthesis of the triethylenediamine (TEDA) ⋅ AlH3 adduct have been discovered. Both, the mechanochemical procedure and the wet chemical method lead to crystalline products. Starting from metallic Al powder and TEDA, ball milling under a pressure of 100 bar H2 facilitates a direct hydrogenation of aluminum with conversions up to 90 %. Structure determination from X‐ray powder diffraction data revealed an 1‐D‐coordination polymer of the type [TEDA−AlH3]n. Furthermore, solid‐state NMR techniques have been applied to analyze composition and structure of the products. Due to the polymeric arrangement, an enhanced stability of the material occurred which was investigated by thermal analysis showing a decomposition located above 200 °C. Overall, the stabilization of AlH3 by TEDA holds promise for hydrogen storage applications.
Coral microbiome diversity reflects mass coral bleaching susceptibility during the 2016 El Niño heat wave
Authors: Gardner Stephanie G. , Camp Emma F. , Smith David J. , Kahlke Tim , Osman Eslam O. , Gendron Gilberte , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Pogoreutz Claudia , Voolstra Christian R. , Suggett David J.
Published: January 2019

Repeat marine heat wave‐induced mass coral bleaching has decimated reefs in Seychelles for 35 years, but how coral‐associated microbial diversity (microalgal endosymbionts of the family Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities) potentially underpins broad‐scale bleaching dynamics remains unknown. We assessed microbiome composition during the 2016 heat wave peak at two contrasting reef sites (clear vs. turbid) in Seychelles, for key coral species considered bleaching sensitive (Acropora muricata, Acropora gemmifera) or tolerant (Porites lutea, Coelastrea aspera). For all species and sites, we sampled bleached versus unbleached colonies to examine how microbiomes align with heat stress susceptibility. Over 30% of all corals bleached in 2016, half of which were from Acropora sp. and Pocillopora sp. mass bleaching that largely transitioned to mortality by 2017. Symbiodiniaceae ITS2‐sequencing revealed that the two Acropora sp. and P. lutea generally associated with C3z/C3 and C15 types, respectively, whereas C. aspera exhibited a plastic association with multiple D types and two C3z types. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that bacterial communities were coral host‐specific, largely through differences in the most abundant families, Hahellaceae (comprising Endozoicomonas), Rhodospirillaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae. Both Acropora sp. exhibited lower bacterial diversity, species richness, and community evenness compared to more bleaching‐resistant P. lutea and C. aspera. Different bleaching susceptibility among coral species was thus consistent with distinct microbiome community profiles. These profiles were conserved across bleached and unbleached colonies of all coral species. As this pattern could also reflect a parallel response of the microbiome to environmental changes, the detailed functional associations will need to be determined in future studies. Further understanding such microbiome‐environmental interactions is likely critical to target more effective management within oceanically isolated reefs of Seychelles.
Insulin and incretin hormone responses to rapid versus slow ingestion of a standardized solid breakfast in healthy subjects
Authors: Alsalim Wathik , Ahrén Bo
Published: January 2019

People with repeated rapid meal ingestion have been reported to have increased risk of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and obesity. To explore whether speed of eating a breakfast influences the postprandial rise of glucose, insulin and the incretin hormones, 24 healthy subjects (12 men and 12 women, mean age 62 years) ingested a standardized solid breakfast consisting of 524 kcal (60% from carbohydrate, 20% from protein, 20% from fat) over 5 or 12 minutes on separate days in random order. Breakfast ingestion increased circulating glucose and insulin with maximal levels seen at 30 minutes after start of meal ingestion with no significant difference in the two tests. Similarly, breakfast increased circulating levels of total (reflecting secretion) glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) with, again, no difference between the tests. Furthermore, gastric emptying, as revealed by the indirect paracetamol test, did not differ between the tests. We therefore conclude that the speed of breakfast ingestion does not affect the postprandial rise of glucose, insulin or incretin hormones in healthy subjects.
Physicochemical characterization of new natural clay from south west of Algeria: Application to the elimination of malachite green dye
Authors: Lahcene Driss , Behilil Asma , Zahraoui Brahim , Benmehdi Houcine , Belhachemi Meriem , Choukchou‐Braham Abderrahim
Published: January 2019

Volcanic clay from Aïn Ouarka south west of Algeria (CA) was used to remove malachite green (MG). This material was purified and sodified (CA‐Na+). They were characterized by different analysis techniques such as BET, SEM, XRD, ATG‐ATD, FTIR, and the cation‐exchange capacity (CEC). Batch adsorption tests were performed to examine the effect of several parameters such as contact time, pH of solutions, initial concentration, and temperature. The present study is the first to be carried out hitherto regarding natural clay, where the obtained results show that the clay contains two phases, Sericite 2M1 and Clinochlore, with good crystalline, very compact and layered structure. The adsorption of MG dye reached its maximum at pH close to 6. Kinetic and isothermal experiments were studied to establish the equilibrium time and adsorption capacity of the two clays. Two kinetic models; the pseudo‐first and pseudo‐second order models were used. Two isothermal equations, Freundlich and Langmuir were applied for the modeling of adsorption isotherms by the linear method. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir equation of CA and CA‐Na+ are 166 and 126 mg g−1, respectively. A significant variation of temperature demonstrated that the adsorption phenomenon was an endothermic process. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13152, 2019
Techno‐economics and Sensitivity Analysis of Microalgae as Commercial Feedstock for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Hossain Nazia , Mahlia Teuku Meurah Indra , Zaini Juliana , Saidur Rahman
Published: January 2019

The foremost purpose of this techno‐economic analysis (TEA) modeling was to predict a harmonized figure of comprehensive cost analysis for commercial bioethanol generation from microalgae species in Brunei Darussalam based on the conventional market scenario. This model was simulated to set out economic feasibility and probabilistic assumption for large‐scale implementations of a tropical microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris, for a bioethanol plant located in the coastal area of Brunei Darussalam. Two types of cultivation systems such as closed system (photobioreactor—PBR) and open pond approaches were anticipated for a total approximate biomass of 220 t year−1 on 6 ha coastal areas. The biomass productivity was 56 t ha−1 for PBR and 28 t ha−1 for pond annually. The plant output was 58.90 m3 ha−1 for PBR and 24.9 m3 ha−1 for pond annually. The total bioethanol output of the plant was 57,087.58 gal year−1 along with the value added by‐products (crude bio‐liquid and slurry cake). The total production cost of this project was US$2.22 million for bioethanol from microalgae and total bioethanol selling price was US$2.87 million along with the by‐product sale price of US$1.6 million. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to forecast the uncertainty of this conclusive modeling. Different data sets through sensitivity analysis also presented positive impacts of economical and environmental views. This TEA model is expected to be initialized to determine an alternative energy and also minimize environmental pollution. With this current modeling, microalgal‐bioethanol utilization mandated with gasoline as well as microalgae cultivation, biofuel production integrated with existing complementary industries, are strongly recommended for future applications. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13146, 2019
Stratigraphy and internal structure of wind‐dominated barrier islands (dune and machair) of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland
Authors: Pile J. , Cooper J.A.G. , Jackson D.W.T.
Published: January 2019

The barrier islands that fringe the western shore of the Outer Hebrides are globally unusual in that they are developed on a planated bedrock (strandflat) surface. They also contain the most extensive area of machair (a distinctive vegetated sandy plain) in the British Isles. This paper presents the first investigation of the internal structure and morphology of these barrier islands and investigates the controls on their structure. The barriers form extensive (300‐1000 metres wide) but thin (1.5‐2 m) surficial deposits typically resting on bedrock. In areas where depressions exist in the bedrock, and where sediment supply permits, transgressive dunes underlie the machair. A distinctive machair facies of sub‐horizontal, undulating reflections, which are laterally continuous over tens of metres is the dominant component of the barriers at each site. This reflects episodic deposition of windblown sand up to the level of the water table. Thereafter any additional sand is transported through the system to accumulate in topographic lows as lake fills, or on topographic highs as ‘high machair’. Eight radar facies were identified, the extent and presence of which vary between the study sites. Bedrock topography and sediment supply are interpreted as the dominant controls on variability in barrier structure. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrated micromorphological and phytolith study of urban soils and sediments from the Gallo‐Roman town Atuatuca Tungrorum, Belgium
Authors: Wouters Barbora , Devos Yannick , Vrydaghs Luc , Ball Terry , De Winter Natasja , Reygel Patrick
Published: January 2019

Tongeren is the only Roman administrative capital within the borders of present‐day Belgium. It developed in the first century A.D. and became an important civitas. Many excavations in the center of town have uncovered complex stratigraphic sequences, including dark earths, dating to Roman as well as early medieval times. Their interpretation, based on traditional archaeological methods, often remains problematic. A large‐scale excavation at Vermeulenstraat in 2014 is the first occasion where a geoarchaeological study was conducted using both micromorphology and the study of phytoliths in thin sections. The aim was to evaluate the impact of depositional and post‐depositional processes, to gain an understanding of the formation of the dark earths encountered on the site, to characterize the deposits between and underneath them, and to identify and differentiate human activities and natural phenomena. The results show a range of different activities and events, such as cultivation, construction (including floor preparation), destruction, waste dumping, and gardening. Their different formation histories illustrate the evolution of the area, and their analysis provides an important precedent for the further geoarchaeological study of this town.
Do corporate governance mechanisms and internal control systems matter in reducing mortality rates?
Authors: Afriyie Stephen Owusu , Kong Yusheng , Danso Patrick Obeng , Ibn Musah Abdul‐Aziz , Akomeah Michael Owusu
Published: January 2019

Internal controls are critical to guarding an institution against fraud, error, and devastation. They are effective tools for preventing losses and achieving organizational goals. However, internal control mechanisms need to be relevant, because the organization cannot comprehend the effectiveness of the system if they are out‐of‐touch with the operation. Health care control practices are not exceptionally different from what pertains in other industries. The health care organizations require effective corporate governance mechanisms to uphold their operations and performances. These practices assist health care organizations to exhume cynical practices that generate unproductive results and also factors militating against the hospital's goals or objectives. This study revealed that practices such as enhanced Board diligence, Health Professionals on board, financial prudence, and effective communication have the tendency of reducing mortality, if well executed.
Unsupervised hydrologic classification of rivers: Watershed controls on natural and anthropogenic flow regimes, Alabama, USA
Authors: Praskievicz Sarah , Luo Cehong
Published: January 2019

Watershed hydrology has often focused on modelling studies of individual watersheds, which consider each river system as unique. Classification is an alternative approach that instead focuses on the similarities among different watersheds. Although both supervised and unsupervised hydrologic classifications have been developed, few previous studies have used classification to assess the degree of anthropogenic modification of hydrologic regime. Here, we conducted an unsupervised hydrologic classification of 189 U.S. Geological Survey gages, including 41 minimally impacted gages from the Hydro‐Climatic Data Network (HCDN), in the five major interstate river basins in the U.S. state of Alabama. For the natural classification, the most significant predictor variables for cluster membership were related to compressive strength of bedrock, bedrock depth, hydraulic conductivity, elevation, temperature, and soil texture, and several land‐cover variables were also significant in the anthropogenic classification. We then developed two random‐forest models: one based on all 189 gages using both natural and anthropogenic variables from the Stream‐Catchment (StreamCat) dataset and one based on the 41 HCDN gages using natural StreamCat variables only. We used the random‐forest models to predict natural and anthropogenic normative hydrologic class for over 158,000 National Hydrography Dataset Plus catchments in the study area. Catchments that changed their class between the natural and anthropogenic classifications can be identified as those that have a large amount of anthropogenic influences on their hydrologic regime, including many catchments on the coast, in the north‐western Coastal Plain, in the Interior Low Plateaus, and in the Piedmont. Using unsupervised hydrologic classifications is a promising approach for uncovering the physical processes that affect hydrologic regime. There are also potential applications in river management, including predicting the hydrologic behaviour of ungaged watersheds, identifying relatively unimpaired rivers to serve as conservation and restoration targets, and regionalization of environmental instream flow standards and climate‐change impacts.
On the role of spatial resolution on snow estimates using a process‐based snow model across a range of climatology and elevation
Authors: Sohrabi Mohammad M. , Tonina Daniele , Benjankar Rohan , Kumar Mukesh , Kormos Patrick , Marks Danny , Luce Charlie
Published: January 2019

Hydrological processes in mountainous settings depend on snow distribution, whose prediction accuracy is a function of model spatial scale. Although model accuracy is expected to improve with finer spatial resolution, an increase in resolution comes with modelling costs related to increased computational time and greater input data and parameter information. This computational and data collection expense is still a limiting factor for many large watersheds. Thus, this work's main objective is to question which physical processes lead to loss in model accuracy with regard to input spatial resolution under different climatic conditions and elevation ranges. To address this objective, a spatially distributed snow model, iSnobal, was run with inputs distributed at 50‐m—our benchmark for comparison—and 100‐m resolutions and with aggregated (averaged from the fine to the large resolution) inputs from the 50‐m model to 100‐, 250‐, 500‐, and 750‐m resolution for wet, average, and dry years over the Upper Boise River Basin (6,963 km2), which spans four elevation bands: rain dominated, rain–snow transition, and snow dominated below treeline and above treeline. Residuals, defined as differences between values quantified with high resolution (>50 m) models minus the benchmark model (50 m), of simulated snow‐covered area (SCA) and snow water equivalent (SWE) were generally slight in the aggregated scenarios. This was due to transferring the effects of topography on meteorological variables from the 50‐m model to the coarser scales through aggregation. Residuals in SCA and SWE in the distributed 100‐m simulation were greater than those of the aggregated 750 m. Topographic features such as slope and aspect were simplified, and their gradient was reduced due to coarsening the topography from the 50‐ to 100‐m resolution. Therefore, solar radiation was overestimated, and snow drifting was modified and caused substantial SCA and SWE underestimation in the distributed 100‐m model relative to the 50‐m model. Large residuals were observed in the wet year and at the highest elevation band when and where snow mass was large. These results support that model accuracy is substantially reduced with model scales coarser than 50 m.
Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the cervix uteri
Authors: Bhatla Neerja , Berek Jonathan S. , Cuello Fredes Mauricio , Denny Lynette A. , Grenman Seija , Karunaratne Kanishka , Kehoe Sean T. , Konishi Ikuo , Olawaiye Alexander B. , Prat Jaime , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy
Published: January 2019

Objective

To revise FIGO staging of carcinoma of the cervix uteri, allowing incorporation of imaging and/or pathological findings, and clinical assessment of tumor size and disease extent.

Methods

Review of literature and consensus view of the FIGO Gynecologic Oncology Committee and related societies and organizations.

Results

In stage I, revision of the definition of microinvasion and lesion size as follows. Stage IA: lateral extension measurement is removed; stage IB has three subgroups—stage IB1: invasive carcinomas ≥5 mm and <2 cm in greatest diameter; stage IB2: tumors 2–4 cm; stage IB3: tumors ≥4 cm. Imaging or pathology findings may be used to assess retroperitoneal lymph nodes; if metastatic, the case is assigned stage IIIC; if only pelvic lymph nodes, the case is assigned stage IIIC1; if para‐aortic nodes are involved, the case is assigned stage IIIC2. Notations ‘r’ and ‘p’ will indicate the method used to derive the stage—i.e., imaging or pathology, respectively—and should be recorded. Routine investigations and other methods (e.g., examination under anesthesia, cystoscopy, proctoscopy, etc.) are not mandatory and are to be recommended based on clinical findings and standard of care.

Conclusion

The revised cervical cancer staging is applicable to all resource levels. Data collection and publication will inform future revisions.
Uninformative Anchors Have Persistent Effects on Valuation Judgments
Authors: Yoon Sangsuk , Fong Nathan
Published: January 2019

Anchoring effects influence a wide range of numeric judgments, including valuation judgments, such as willingness‐to‐pay (WTP). However, prior research has not established whether anchoring only temporarily distorts responses or exerts persistent influence on preferences. This article presents three incentive compatible experiments examining the long‐term effects of random anchoring on WTP. Study 1 evaluated the persistence of anchoring effects over long durations, and showed that the strength of the effect decayed but did not disappear completely even 8 weeks later. In Study 2, a random anchor significantly influenced WTP after one week, regardless of whether WTP was also elicited immediately following the anchoring procedure, showing that consistency motivations do not account for persistence of anchoring effects. Study 3 showed relatively low anchors resulted in more stable valuations, compared with participants who reported WTP with no anchoring procedure. Together with the pattern of decay over time in Study 1, this suggests that anchoring facilitates the “imprinting” of valuation judgments for later retrieval. These studies show that anchoring effects can lead to lasting changes in valuation judgments, providing the first demonstration of long‐term persistence of constructed preferences as a result of an uninformative and arbitrary manipulation.
Repeated, within‐session resurgence
Authors: Cook James E. , Lattal Kennon A.
Published: January 2019

Resurgence is a reliable, transient effect that only occasionally is replicated more than once within a single experiment or subject. In the present experiments, within‐session resurgence was generated repeatedly by dividing individual sessions into three phases (Training, Alternative‐Reinforcement, and Resurgence‐Test). In Experiments 1 and 2, resurgence reliably occurred in most of the 22‐30 daily sessions when responding was reinforced on, respectively, fixed‐ and variable‐interval schedules. Resurgence magnitude and duration did decrease across replications for some subjects, but not for others. To examine the utility of the procedure in studying the effects of an independent variable on resurgence, in Experiment 3 the effects of rich and lean baseline and alternative reinforcement rates on resurgence were compared. The target response was eliminated more rapidly, resurgence occurred more often, and usually was greater following rich alternative reinforcement rates. Resurgence was of greater magnitude when the baseline reinforcement rate was relatively lean compared to the alternative reinforcement rate. These experiments provide a reliable method for generating resurgence within individual sessions, instead of across multiple‐session conditions, that can be repeated over many successive sessions.
The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor mediates plasminogen-induced efferocytosis
Authors: Ohradanova-Repic Anna , Machacek Christian , Donner Clemens , Mühlgrabner Vanessa , Petrovčíková Eva , Zahradníková Alexandra , Vičíková Kristína , Hořejší Václav , Stockinger Hannes , Leksa Vladimir
Published: January 2019

The plasminogen system is harnessed in a wide variety of physiological processes, such as fibrinolysis, cell migration, or efferocytosis; and accordingly, it is essential upon inflammation, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and for homeostatic maintenance in general. Previously, we identified a plasminogen receptor in the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R, CD222). Here, we demonstrate by means of genetic knockdown, knockout, and rescue approaches combined with functional studies that M6P/IGF2R is up-regulated on the surface of macrophages, recognizes plasminogen exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells, and mediates plasminogen-induced efferocytosis. The level of uptake of plasminogen-coated apoptotic cells inversely correlates with the TNF-α production by phagocytes indicating tissue clearance without inflammation by this mechanism. Our results reveal an up-to-now undetermined function of M6P/IGF2R in clearance of apoptotic cells, which is crucial for tissue homeostasis.
Prescribing errors and adverse drug reaction documentation before and after implementation of e‐prescribing using the Enterprise Patient Administration System
Authors: Al‐Sarawi Fares , Polasek Thomas M. , Caughey Gillian E. , Shakib Sepehr
Published: January 2019

Background

Medication errors are a leading cause of harm to patients in hospital that can be decreased by electronic medication management systems.

Aims

This study determined the effects of electronic prescribing using the Enterprise Patient Administration System (EPAS) on prescribing errors and adverse drug reaction (ADR) documentation in South Australian public hospitals.

Methods

A prospective structured medication chart audit was conducted before (in 2012) and after the implementation (in Dec 2014) of EPAS, comparing the paper‐based National Inpatient Medication Chart (NIMC) with prescribing. All inpatients were eligible for inclusion in the study. Prescribing order errors were determined by the percentage of medication orders that had unclear, illegal or unsafe prescriptions. The quality of ADR documentation was assessed by the percentage of patients with correct documentation.

Results

The total number of prescribing errors before and after the implementation of EPAS was 67.7 and 2.8 per 100 orders, respectively. The frequency of prescribing order errors due to unclear, illegal and unsafe prescriptions decreased to almost zero with EPAS. Prescriptions classified as unsafe due to incorrect dose, route of administration or dosing frequency decreased from 5.8% to 0.03% of medication orders before versus after EPAS implementation (p < 0.0001). Completed ADR documentation was similar between the paper‐based NIMC and EPAS, but the percentage of patients with ADR alerts who required them was 100% in EPAS compared with 27% on the NIMC (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

E‐prescribing using EPAS significantly decreased prescribing errors and increased ADR alerts. Continued implementation of electronic medication management systems is an important approach to improve medication safety.
New Type of Eco‐Friendly Polymeric Dye by Covalently Bonding Anthraquinone into Polyphenylsulfone
Authors: Cui Zengduo , Zhang Haibo , Li Bolong , Jiang Zhenhua , Zhang Yunhe , Li Zhenyu
Published: January 2019

Eco‐friendly polymeric dyes with excellent thermal stability, good mechanical performance, and robust chemical stability are highly desired for their diverse and practical applications in food, medicine, electronics and aerospace, etc. However, it remains a big challenge to develop them. Herein, a novel type of eco‐friendly polymeric dye is fabricated by covalently bonding anthraquinone chromophores onto polyphenylsulfone at a molecular level. The obtained polymeric dyes exhibit excellent thermal stability, with a weight loss of 5% at temperatures above 500 °C in air and negligible changes in both color appearance and transparency after being treated at 200 °C in air for 8 h, good mechanical performance with a tensile strength around 70 MPa, and robust chemical stability with demonstrated insolubility and very outstanding colorfastness and anti‐permeability against strong acidic or basic solutions for 7 days at room temperature. These outstanding properties make these polymeric dyes suitable for use in harsh conditions, exceeding existing polymeric dyes, which makes them good to use in some special engineering plastics.
Hyperinvasiveness of Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 1 is independent of lineage I‐specific genes encoding internalin‐like proteins
Authors: Gözel Bulent , Monney Camille , Aguilar‐Bultet Lisandra , Rupp Sebastian , Frey Joachim , Oevermann Anna
Published: January 2019

Listeriosis is a severe disease caused by the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). Previous studies indicate that of the four phylogenetical lineages known, lineage I strains are significantly more prevalent in clinical infections than in the environment. Among lineage 1, sequence type (ST1) belongs to the most frequent genotypes in clinical infections and behaves hyperinvasive in experimental in vitro infections compared to lineage II strains suggesting that yet uncharacterized virulence genes contribute to high virulence of certain lineage I strains. This study investigated the effect of four specific lineage I genes encoding surface proteins with internalin‐like structures on cellular infection. CNS derived cell lines (fetal bovine brain cells, human microglia cells) and non‐CNS derived cell lines (bovine macrophage cells, human adenocarcinoma cells) that represent the various target cells of L. monocytogenes were infected with the parental ST1 strain and deletion mutants of the four genes. Despite their association with lineage I, deletion of the four genes investigated did not dampen the hyperinvasiveness of the ST1 strain. Similarly, these genes did not contribute to the intracellular survival and intercellular spread of L. monocytogenes ST1, indicating that these genes may have other functions, either during the infection process or outside the host.
Epigenetic regulation of the human ATP2A3 gene promoter in gastric and colon cancer cell lines
Authors: Meneses‐Morales Iván , Izquierdo‐Torres Eduardo , Flores‐Peredo Lucía , Rodríguez Gabriela , Hernández‐Oliveras Andrés , Zarain‐Herzberg Ángel
Published: January 2019

The knowledge about the role of calcium‐regulated pathways in cancer cell growth and differentiation could be useful for the development of new therapeutic approaches to diminish its mortality. The ATP2A genes encode for SERCA pumps, which modulate cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, regulating various cellular processes including cell growth. ATP2A3 gene transcriptional down‐regulation has been reported in gastric and colon cancer, but there is still a lack of understanding about the epigenetic processes regulating its transcription. In this work, we report that butyrate, trichostatin A, and 5‐azacytidine treatments increase SERCA3 expression, increased apoptosis, and decreased cell viability of the KATO‐III gastric carcinoma cell line. We analyzed the methylation profile of the ATP2A3 gene promoter CpG island, finding clones with methylated status through −280 to −135 promoter region, harboring Sp1 and AP‐2 binding sites, which could have a role in transcriptional repression. Post‐translational modifications of histones show a major role in the ATP2A3 transcriptional regulation, and our results show histones marks linked to transcriptional repression associated with the −262 to −135 region, this repressive context changed to transcriptional permissive through SERCA3 re‐expressing conditions. These results suggest that the nucleotide sequence from −280 to −135 position is an ATP2A3 epigenetic regulatory CpG region in KATO‐III cells. Analyses of online‐databases show a decreased SERCA3 expression in gastric and colon tumors, as well as overall survival results, showed that high SERCA3 expression could serve as a favorable prognostic marker for colon and gastric cancer patients.
Controllability of second‐order Sobolev‐type impulsive delay differential systems
Authors: Singh Vikram , Pandey Dwijendra N.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we study some controllability results for second‐order Sobolev‐type impulsive integrodifferential systems with finite delay. The results are obtained by using the concepts of measure of noncompactness and Mönch's fixed point theorem. Particularly, we consider the damping term y′(·) and find a control u such that the mild solution satisfies y(T)  =  yT and
. Finally, an application is given to illustrate the obtained results.
Existence of nontrivial solutions for fractional Schrödinger equations with critical or supercritical growth
Authors: Li Quanqing , Teng Kaimin , Wu Xian , Wang Wenbo
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we study the following fractional Schrödinger equation with critical or supercritical growth

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma5441:mma5441-math-0001
where 0  <  s  <  1, N  >  2s, λ  >  0,
,
, ( − Δ)s denotes the fractional Laplacian of order s and f is a continuous superlinear but subcritical function. Under some suitable conditions, we prove that the equation has a nontrivial solution for small λ  >  0 by variational methods. Our main contribution is related to the fact that we are able to deal with the case
.