bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actitud hacia la violencia contra la mujer en la relación de pareja y el clima social familiar en adolescentes
Authors: Pacheco María de Jesús
Published: February 2017

Objetivo: Determinar si existe relación entre la actitud hacia la violencia contra la mujer en la relación de pareja y el clima social familiar con sus dimensiones “relación”, “estabilidad” y “desarrollo” en adolescentes del 4to año de secundaria. Método: No experimental y transeccional de tipo correlacional. Se evaluó a 63 estudiantes del 4to año de secundaria de la I.E. 1182 – El Bosque SJL, 28 varones (44.4%) y 35 mujeres (55,6%), a través de la Escala de actitud hacia la violencia contra la mujer en la relación de pareja (Escala VM), y la Escala de clima social familiar de Moos (FES). Resultados: no se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la actitud hacia la violencia contra la mujer en la relación de pareja y las dimensiones del clima social familiar: Relaciones (r= -.133; p>.05), Desarrollo (r= -.006; p>.05) y Estabilidad (r= .112; p>.05). Conclusión: La presente investigación es un precedente importante en el estudio de las actitudes hacia la violencia de género en nuestro medio y su interacción con otros factores como el clima familiar, permitiendo tener una visión más amplia de dicho tema social e incentivar una intervención basada en conocimientos sólidos, trayendo consecuencias favorables en mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas.
Patologías congénitas de la comunicación según el DSM-V: actualizaciones en neuropsicología infantil
Authors: Aguilar-Valera José Alonso
Published: February 2017

En el presente artículo, se describen las actualizaciones relacionadas con las patologías de la comunicación, estrictamente de carácter congénito, según las últimas revisiones publicadas por la American Psychiatric Association en su quinta edición, las cuales consideran las principales contribuciones de las neurociencias, a partir de las investigaciones realizadas en torno a la temática de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo que, durante las dos últimas décadas, han suscitado un amplio escenario de posibilidades para una mayor comprensión de las distintas alteraciones en esta esfera del desarrollo psicológico, redefiniendo y esclareciendo con mayor precisión aquellas características relevantes de los diversos cuadros clínicos afines. Asimismo, estos estudios han contribuido con reveladores hallazgos, tanto a nivel sintomatológico como sindrómico, para un mejor entendimiento de estas patologías del desarrollo temprano, siendo estos aportes de gran relevancia dentro del campo de la neuropsicología infantil, cuya integración de estrategias tanto clínicas como educativas ha favorecido su pertinente participación en el tratamiento en estas dificultades, fortaleciendo así tanto el ejercicio del diagnóstico diferencial como de aquellos procedimientos de rehabilitación, cuya rigurosidad se fundamenta en el uso de métodos controlados y modernos enfoques afines a esta disciplina mencionada.
Habilidades pre-escolares de los niños nacidos prematuramente y con bajo peso
Authors: Martínez-Espiet Sasha A. , Sumaza Laborde Irene , Crespo Fernández Leila , Campos Rivera Maribel , Boulon Díaz Frances
Published: February 2017

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el nivel de desarrollo en la etapa pre-escolar de un grupo de niños nacidos prematuramente y con bajo peso. Se evaluó un grupo 20 niños de cuatro años nacidos prematuramente y con bajo peso y un grupo de 20 niños nacidos luego de gestación completada y peso deseado utilizando la prueba de integración visual-motora Beery-Buktenica. Además, se administró el cuestionario del desarrollo Ages and Stages (ASQ-3) a las 40 madres. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo mediante una prueba t de student para grupos independientes. El grupo de niños nacidos prematuramente obtuvo puntuaciones significativamente inferiores en las pruebas que medían las habilidades de percepción visual (µ1 83.65 ; µ2 93.7) (p=0.0001), integración visual-motora (µ1 93.6 ; µ2 104.8) (p=0.001) y motor fina (µ1 36.00 ; µ2 44.25) (p=0.033) al ser comparados con el grupo de niños nacidos luego de una gestación completada. El estudio sugiere que los niños nacidos prematuramente y con bajo peso presentan menor ejecución en el desarrollo sensorio-motor durante la etapa pre-escolar. Estas desventajas pasan desapercibidas y pueden representar rezago en las tareas escolares futuras que requieren de dichas habilidades. Es importante fomentar la evaluación y estimulación ambiental temprana en esta población aún en ausencia de indicadores de riesgo.
Aplicación de la terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT) a la conducta inapetente: un estudio de caso
Authors: Egúsquiza Vásquez Kevin
Published: February 2017

En este artículo se presenta un estudio de caso acerca de la conducta inapetente abordado desde la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso. En primer lugar, se concibió a la evitación experiencial como una dimensión transdiagnóstica común a diversas problemáticas humanas. Seguidamente, se revisó la historia del participante y se prosiguió con la evaluación del caso mediante el Cuestionario Parental de Aceptación y Acción (PAAQ) y un registro de duración de conducta, en base a todo ello se realizó un análisis funcional del caso. Posteriormente, se aplicó la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) con la finalidad de romper el repertorio de evitación y encaminar la vida de los principales involucrados hacia las acciones que se consideren valiosas; tras ello, se realizaron tres seguimientos. Finalmente, se analizaron y discutieron los resultados obtenidos a partir de los exitosos beneficios topográficos y funcionales reflejados de forma contingente a la aplicación de la ACT en el campo de los problemas de conducta alimentaria.
Personalidad, inteligencia emocional y estilos de afrontamiento en los conciliadores de la ciudad de Arequipa
Authors: Arias Gallegos Walter Lizandro , Infantes Chávez Alejandra E. , Ceballos Canaza Karla D.
Published: February 2017

El presente estudio analiza las características psicológicas de un grupo de 26 conciliadores de la ciudad de Arequipa. Para ello se ha evaluado la personalidad con el Inventario de Personalidad de Eysenck, los estilos de afrontamiento con el Cuestionario de Modos de Afrontamiento de Lazarus y Folkman, la inteligencia emocional con el Cuestionario de Inteligencia Emocional y para valorar algunas manifestaciones clínicas de la personalidad se utilizó el MINI-MULT. Los resultados indican que los conciliadores de Arequipa tienen un tipo de personalidad sanguíneo de manera predominante, inteligencia emocional es superior, y usan la Confrontación, la Aceptación de la responsabilidad y el Distanciamiento como estilos de afrontamiento preferentes. No se hallaron manifestaciones clínicas significativas. Se encontraron también diversas relaciones entre las variables, como entre Neuroticismo y algunos estilos de afrontamiento, entre Extroversión e Inteligencia Emocional, Inteligencia Emocional y Autocontrol, entre Autocontrol y Aceptación de la propia responsabilidad, entre Distanciamiento y Evitación, entre la Planificación y la Revaluación positiva.
El concepto de conducta en psicología: un análisis socio-histórico-cultural
Authors: Polanco Fernando
Published: February 2017

El concepto de conducta o comportamiento, es de uso común en nuestro lenguaje. Sin embargo, durante el siglo XX alcanzó una relevancia inusitada convirtiéndose en el objeto de estudio de las ciencias sociales, particularmente de la psicología. Por ello, se realizó una revisión sociológica, histórica y cultural del concepto de conducta, bajo una metodología de estudio ex post facto, a través del análisis y descripción del mismo en fuentes primarias y secundarias. Como resultado se observó que dicho concepto tuvo dos usos: a) como sinónimo de carácter, con un significado moral y ético; b) un uso neutro y verbal, refiriéndose a todo lo que hace un organismo o cosa. Este último uso, fue el que tuvo mayor impacto en el campo de la psicología adquiriendo el lugar de objeto de estudio. Sus alcances y dimensiones fueron amplios, teniendo un núcleo central de ideas compartidas por todos, y una serie de hipótesis aledañas que se diferencian en aspectos variables. Es así que se concluye, que es importante definir de manera necesaria y objetiva dicho concepto, para no genera usos y alcances contradictorios o erróneos en el campo científico, sobre todo si el mismo forma parte de las categorías u objetos de estudio principal de la investigación, como en el caso de la psicología conductual.
Prevalencia de patología dual en el sur del Perú: estudio clínico-descriptivo
Authors: Zegarra-Valdivia Jonathan A. , Chino Vilca Brenda Nadia , Cazorla Perez Ernesto
Published: February 2017

La comorbilidad entre un trastorno por uso de sustancias y otros trastornos psiquiátricos o patología dual (PD) se caracteriza por la dificultad en su abordaje terapéutico, recaídas constantes e ingresos hospitalarios. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer la prevalencia de PD en un centro psiquiátrico de Arequipa-Perú. Es un estudio descriptivo epidemiológico basado en el análisis de 445 historias clínicas (HC) de pacientes ingresados durante el lapso de tres años (periodo 2011-2013). Se establecieron características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los sujetos comparando entre quienes presentaron un diagnóstico de PD, con aquellos que solo tuvieron diagnóstico por consumo de sustancias psicótropas. Los resultados evidencian una prevalencia de patología dual de 49%. Las edades promedio fueron de M = 31.45, DE = 15.59 en el grupo con patología dual (CPD) y M = 33.93, DE = 15.48 en el grupo sin patología dual (SPD); la prevalencia del consumo de sustancias SPD fue del 51%. El alcohol fue la sustancia más consumida, seguida de cannabis, marihuana y la pasta básica de cocaína (PBC). Se evidencia la vulnerabilidad socio-familiar e individual de la población en cuanto a protección o resistencia frente a la enfermedad mental, además de la carencia de políticas efectivas en salud mental, que muestran peor pronóstico e índices cada vez más elevados.
Prevalencia de depresión mayor en adultos mayores atendidos ambulatoriamente en un hospital de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Matitti Rosas Magnolia , Tipismana Neyra Orlando
Published: February 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio es describir, analizar prevalencia y factores de riesgo predictivo asociado a depresión mayor, en adultos mayores atendidos en consulta ambulatoria de psiquiatría de un hospital, y en un grupo de adultos mayores no asegurados. Se evaluó a 79 adultos mayores no asegurados de una comunidad del Callao y a 221 pacientes con depresión y depresión comórbida, atendidos en consulta ambulatoria de psiquiatría. Se aplicó una encuesta de consumo de medicamentos. Los resultados indican que los factores demográficos son independientes de depresión en ambos grupos (OR=1.792, IC95%=0.573-5.606, edad; OR=1.123, IC95%=0.435-4.768, sexo; OR=2.344, IC95%=0.325-16.928, autopercepción de salud; OR=1.905, IC95%=0.642-2.434, depresión; OR=1. 250, IC95%=0.642-2.434, consumo de medicamentos; OR=1.260, IC95%=0.763-2.084, número de enfermedad). Las personas no aseguradas evidencian depresión comórbida con diabetes mellitus, HTA, Artrosis, encontrando mayor frecuencia en mujeres de 60 a 75 años que en mujeres de 76 años a más. 
Variables relacionadas con ansiedad social en adolescentes: un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple
Authors: Samaniego Pinho Antonio , Buenahora Bernal Marcelo
Published: February 2017

El objetivo fue construir un modelo de regresión múltiple para investigar la relación entre ansiedad social, sensibilidad a la ansiedad, rasgo de ansiedad y miedo a la evaluación negativa, y comparar hombres con mujeres. La investigación fue cuantitativa, no experimental, correlacional y transversal. Se evaluó a 689 adolescentes entre 14 y 19 años (M=16.45; DE=1.11), a través de la escala de Ansiedad Social para Adolescentes (SAS-A), la subescala Ansiedad-Rasgo del Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado (STAI), la versión breve de escala de Miedo a la Evaluación Negativa (BFNE) y el Índice de Sensibilidad a la Ansiedad-3 (ASI-3). El género femenino presentó mayor media en ansiedad rasgo con tamaño de efecto pequeño (d=-.27). Las correlaciones fueron positivas entre bajas y moderadas. La correlación parcial y semiparcial más alta fue entre SAS-A y ASI. Se construyó un modelo de regresión válido y estadísticamente significativo y explicó el 41.2% de la varianza de la ansiedad social (R2=.412) con tamaño de efecto grande.
On the spin-statistics theorem
Authors: Trifonov E D
Published: February 2017

The possibility of proving the theorem on the connection between spin and statistics in the nonrelativistic quantum mechanical framework is examined.
Quality of Life in Patients Following Vertebroplasty
Authors: Rapan Sasa , Batrnek Jasna , Rapan Vjeran , Biuk Egon , Rapan Domagoj
Published: February 2017

AIM: To examine the quality of life in patients who underwent vertebroplasty treatment and compare it to the preoperative quality of life.STUDY DESIGN: The Cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The research included 50 patients under stationary treatment in hospital at the Department of Orthopaedics. The research instruments include a questionnaire containing demographic data and the standardised EuroQuol Research Foundation Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) consisting of five dimensions which include mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain level and anxiety.RESULTS: The average score of the current health status before surgery was 67.5 whereas post-operative health was rated 80 (p < 0.001). After the procedure, a significantly higher number of respondents reported greater mobility levels, and lower pain intensity; fewer respondents reported feeling anxious or depressed (p < 0.001), more respondents rated their self-care abilities higher (p = 0.003), and felt improvements when performing usual activities (p = 0.031).CONCLUSION: After the vertebroplasty, a significantly higher number of respondents reported higher levels of mobility, lower pain or discomfort levels, and a smaller number of respondents felt anxious or depressed, more respondents felt they can take better care of themselves, and are better at performing usual activities when compared to the preoperative status.
Assessing the Generalizability of Managerial Discretion: An Empirical Investigation in the Arab World
Authors: Haj Youssef Moustafa Salman , Christodoulou Ioannis P.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this paper is to examine the generalizability of national-level managerial discretion and to assess whether the national context play a role in changing mainstream research findings. Based on a sample of three Arabian countries and using a panel of prominent cross-cultural scholars who provided 138 discretion scores for the sampled countries, we replicate the national framework of Crossland and Hambrick (2011) in a new cultural context. The cultural dimensions were measured via survey responses of 375 middle-managers based on House et al. (2004) cultural practices scale. Consistent with Crossland and Hambrick (2011), we demonstrate that individualism and uncertainty tolerance have the same positive effect on CEOs discretion even in a different cultural setting. In contrast, we show that power distance has a positive and significant effect on managerial discretion. Our results indicate that executives can take idiosyncratic and bold actions to the extent to which the cultural environment allows them to do so. Accordingly, we contribute by showing the importance of the national setting in affecting the generalizability of discretion findings.
Hizb ut-Tahrir i Danmark og Storbritannien: Samtidige transnationale og nationale tendenser
Authors: Sinclair Kirstine
Published: February 2017

This article discusses national and transnational tendencies in the global Islamist enterprise Hizb utTahrir. In the article, it is argued that one can find simultaneous national and transnational tendencies Hizb ut-Tahrir depending on what level of the organisation one studies. Thus, the article distinguishes between four analytical levels: an ideological level, an organisational level, a practical memberoriented level and finally a media-related level. On the ideological level, Hizb ut-Tahrir is transnational, and this is also reflected in self-perceptions among members. However, on the organisational and practical levels, the tendency is that national branches are becoming more and more different according to their different contexts. And also the media-related level of the organisation – internet activities and websites which by definition are not tied to territory and can address audiences world wide – turn out to be marked by local and national agendas and preferences to a growing extent.
Ummaen, ungdommen og fordringen om enhed og reform: En analyse af den arabiske fredagskhutba i Det Islamiske Trossamfund
Authors: Mathiasen Andreas Lysholt
Published: February 2017

This article analyzes the notion of the transnational Islamic community, umma, as it finds expression in Arabic Friday sermons (khutbas) presented at the mosque of The Islamic Society of Believers (Islamisk Trossamfund) in Copenhagen from 2005 to 2011. Khutbas in which the umma plays a significant role tend to focus on Muslim unity, reform and the role of youth as a catalyst of change in the umma. The analysis identifies a shift in the umma discourse in the Copenhagen mosque from a political Islamist discourse to a more apolitical Salafist discourse. Data presented in the article points to the fact that the notion of how change is generated in the umma undergoes a shift from a nationally and politically oriented focus towards a more globally, ritually and morally oriented focus. The aim of the article is not to contribute theoretically to the study of transnationalism and Islam, but rather to present a case study of relevance to the relation between the two. The content of khutbas in Arabic in Denmark has not previously been the focus of much attention from academics and thus the article also intends to direct attention to a Islamic oral genre that is highly relevant for many Muslims and dynamic in its ability to address topics of religious, political and social relevance.
Linking basin‐scale and pore‐scale gas hydrate distribution patterns in diffusion‐dominated marine hydrate systems
Authors: Nole Michael , Daigle Hugh , Cook Ann E. , Hillman Jess I. T. , Malinverno Alberto
Published: February 2017

The goal of this study is to computationally determine the potential distribution patterns of diffusion‐driven methane hydrate accumulations in coarse‐grained marine sediments. Diffusion of dissolved methane in marine gas hydrate systems has been proposed as a potential transport mechanism through which large concentrations of hydrate can preferentially accumulate in coarse‐grained sediments over geologic time. Using one‐dimensional compositional reservoir simulations, we examine hydrate distribution patterns at the scale of individual sand layers (1–20 m thick) that are deposited between microbially active fine‐grained material buried through the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). We then extrapolate to two‐dimensional and basin‐scale three‐dimensional simulations, where we model dipping sands and multilayered systems. We find that properties of a sand layer including pore size distribution, layer thickness, dip, and proximity to other layers in multilayered systems all exert control on diffusive methane fluxes toward and within a sand, which in turn impact the distribution of hydrate throughout a sand unit. In all of these simulations, we incorporate data on physical properties and sand layer geometries from the Terrebonne Basin gas hydrate system in the Gulf of Mexico. We demonstrate that diffusion can generate high hydrate saturations (upward of 90%) at the edges of thin sands at shallow depths within the GHSZ, but that it is ineffective at producing high hydrate saturations throughout thick (greater than 10 m) sands buried deep within the GHSZ. Furthermore, we find that hydrate in fine‐grained material can preserve high hydrate saturations in nearby thin sands with burial.
On the geochemical heterogeneity of rivers draining into the straits and channels of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Alkire Matthew B. , Jacobson Andrew D. , Lehn Gregory O. , Macdonald Robie W. , Rossi Matthew W.
Published: February 2017

Ten rivers across northern Canada and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) were sampled during spring 2014 and summer 2015 to investigate their geochemical heterogeneity for comparison against larger North American (i.e., Mackenzie and Yukon Rivers) and Siberian rivers. In general, rivers draining the western and/or northern regions of the study area have higher solute concentrations and lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios compared to rivers draining the eastern and/or southern regions. The inorganic geochemical signatures largely reflect the bedrock geology, which is predominately carbonate in the western and/or northern regions and silicate in the eastern and/or southern regions. Riverine δ18O values primarily correlate with latitude, with only a few exceptions. Measurements of total alkalinity (TA) were combined with a regional analysis of bedrock geology and extrapolated to produce a range for the mean characteristic TA of rivers draining into the straits and channels of the CAA (628–819 µeq kg−1). Combining this estimate with contributions from the Mackenzie River yields a revised North American river runoff TA of 935–1182 µeq kg−1, which is much lower than that of the Mackenzie River (1540 µeq kg−1). This lower concentration suggests that TA may not be used to distinguish between North American and Siberian river contributions in regions such as Davis Strait.
Pore‐scale modeling of wettability alteration during primary drainage
Authors: Kallel W. , van Dijke M. I. J. , Sorbie K. S. , Wood R.
Published: February 2017

While carbonate reservoirs are recognized to be weakly‐to‐moderately oil‐wet at the core‐scale, pore‐scale wettability distributions remain poorly understood. In particular, the wetting state of micropores (pores <5 µm in radius) is crucial for assessing multiphase flow processes, as microporosity can determine overall pore‐space connectivity. While oil‐wet micropores are plausible, it is unclear how this may have occurred without invoking excessively high capillary pressures. Here we develop a novel mechanistic wettability alteration scenario that evolves during primary drainage, involving the release of small polar non‐hydrocarbon compounds from the oil‐phase into the water‐phase. We implement a diffusion/adsorption model for these compounds that triggers a wettability alteration from initially water‐wet to intermediate‐wet conditions. This mechanism is incorporated in a quasi‐static pore‐network model to which we add a notional time‐dependency of the quasi‐static invasion percolation mechanism. The model qualitatively reproduces experimental observations where an early rapid wettability alteration involving these small polar species occurred during primary drainage. Interestingly, we could invoke clear differences in the primary drainage patterns by varying both the extent of wettability alteration and the balance between the processes of oil invasion and wetting change. Combined, these parameters dictate the initial water saturation for waterflooding. Indeed, under conditions where oil invasion is slow compared to a fast and relatively strong wetting change, the model results in significant non‐zero water saturations. However, for relatively fast oil invasion or small wetting changes, the model allows higher oil saturations at fixed maximum capillary pressures, and invasion of micropores at moderate capillary pressures.
Retracted: Ubiquitin ligase SMURF1 functions as a prognostic marker and promotes growth and metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ke Mang , Mo Licai , Li Weilin , Zhang Xianjun , Li Feiping , Yu Hongyuan
Published: February 2017

Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1), a recently identified E3 ubiquitin ligase, targets substrate proteins for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Previous studies have reported that SMURF1 also functions as an oncogene in human cancers. However, the clinical value of SMURF1 and its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are unknown. SMURF1 expression was analyzed in 100 cases of ccRCC and matched tumor‐adjacent specimens. SMURF1 was prominently overexpressed in ccRCC specimens compared with tumor‐adjacent specimens. Increased levels of SMURF1 were also observed in ccRCC cell lines. Clinicopathological detection verified that SMURF1 expression was associated with advanced tumor node metastasis stage, large tumor size and vascular invasion of ccRCC patients. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier analysis found that SMURF1 elevation led to adverse overall survival and disease‐free survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SMURF1 expression was an independent marker for prognosis prediction. Further experiments illustrated that SMURF1 knockdown significantly inhibited growth and metastasis of 769P cells, while SMURF1 overexpression promoted proliferation, migration and invasion in OSRC‐2 cells. Mechanistically, SMURF1 inversely regulated the expression of DAB2 interacting protein, which negatively mediated the activation of both the ERK/RSK1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in ccRCC cells. Taken together, these results suggest that SMURF1 might be a promising biomarker and target for novel treatment of human ccRCC.
Robust and Chemically Stable Superhydrophobic Composite Ceramic Coating Repellent Even to Hot Water
Authors: Liu Zhanjian , Wang Huaiyuan , Zhang Xiguang , Lv Chongjiang , Wang Chijia , Zhu Yanji
Published: February 2017

Robust and chemically stable superhydrophobic composite ceramic coating with internal porous structures and superficial network structures has been successfully prepared through incorporating spray and pore‐forming technique. The internal micro‐/nanoporous structures are regulated by using H2O as pore‐forming agent and the superficial network structures are designed by the fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified by dopamine are used to overcome the brittleness of ceramic. The prepared superhydrophobic ceramic/CNT/PTFE coating demonstrates a high water contact angle of 161° ± 1.2° and low sliding angle of 4° ± 0.3°. Simultaneously, compared with the pure ceramic coating, the abrasion losses of the prepared coating decrease obviously from 0.0842 to 0.0529 g after the 50 000 friction cycles. The potentiodynamic polarization of the prepared coating demonstrates a significant shift of corrosion potential to the positive direction from −541 to −388 mV and the bending strength increases from 435 to 490 MPa. Moreover, the prepared coating not only possesses excellent hot‐water‐repellent (99 °C) capability but also can withstand high speed water jetting (20 m s−1), which is more than two times of the heavy rain velocity (7–9 m s−1). Therefore, this promising superhydrophobic ceramic coating may have great application potential in many industrial applications.
The relationship between loading history and proximal femoral diaphysis cross‐sectional geometry
Authors: Niinimäki Sirpa , Narra Nathaniel , Härkönen Laura , Abe Shinya , Nikander Riku , Hyttinen Jari , Knüsel Christopher , Sievänen Harri
Published: February 2017

Objectives

We investigated the relationship between loading history and bone biomechanical properties used in physical activity reconstructions. These bone properties included bone bending and torsional strength (J), cortical area (CA), the direction of the major axis (theta angle), and element shape ratios determined from cross sections of standardized bone length. In addition, we explored the applicability of anatomically determined cross sections.

Methods

Our material consisted of hip and proximal thigh magnetic resonance images of Finnish female athletes (N = 91) engaged in high‐jump, triple‐jump, endurance running, swimming, power‐lifting, soccer and squash; along with a group of active non‐athlete individuals (N = 20). We used regression analysis for size‐adjustment, and the extracted residuals were then used to compare differences in the bone properties between groups.

Results

We found that triple‐jumpers, soccer players, and squash players had the greatest values in CA and J, swimmers and non‐athletes had the smallest, whereas high‐jumpers, power‐lifters, and endurance runners exhibited interim values. No between‐the‐group differences in element shape ratios or theta angles were found. We found that influences of activity were similar regardless of whether standardized length or anatomically determined cross sections were used.

Conclusions

Extreme (triple‐jump) and directionally inconsistent loading (soccer and squash) necessitate a more robust skeleton compared to directionally consistent loading (high‐jump, power‐lifting, and endurance running) or non‐impact loading (swimming and non‐athletes). However, not all of these relationships were statistically significant. Thus, information gained about physical activity using bone properties is informative but limited. Accounting for the limitations, the method is applicable on fragmented skeletal material as anatomically determined cross sections can be used.
The society for craniofacial genetics and developmental biology 39th annual meeting
Authors: Fish Jennifer L. , Albertson Craig , Harris Matthew P. , Lozanoff Scott , Marcucio Ralph S. , Richtsmeier Joan T. , Trainor Paul A.
Published: February 2017

The Society for Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology (SCGDB) aims to promote education, research, and communication, about normal and abnormal development of the tissues and organs of the head. Membership of the SCGDB is broad and diverse—including clinicians, orthodontists, scientists, and academics—but with all members sharing an interest in craniofacial biology. Each year, the SCGDB hosts a meeting where members can share their latest research, exchange ideas and resources, and build on or establish new collaborations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Allenes from Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Grignard Reagents
Authors: Ma Shengming , Liu Qi , Tang Xinjun , Cai Yujuan
Published: February 2017

Although the synthesis of allenes has made considerable progress, methods for tetrasubstituted allenes are still limited. In this paper, the CuBr2‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of Grignard reagents and propargylic ammonium salts in tetrahydrofuran at 60 °C under argon delivered tetrasubstituted allenes in good to excellent yields. The reaction is thought to proceed by an SN2′ pathway.
Study on the Photoinduced Nitric‐Oxide‐Releasing Ability of 4‐Alkoxy Furoxans
Authors: Matsubara Ryosuke , Takazawa Saori , Ando Akihiro , Hayashi Masahiko , Tohda Rei , Tsubaki Motonari
Published: February 2017

Nitric oxide (NO) has a range of biological activities in living systems. Because NO is a gaseous and short‐lived molecule, the development of methods to enable a temporally and spatially resolved NO supply has been a challenging task. Herein, 3‐aryl‐4‐alkoxy furoxan is revealed as a potent photoinduced NO donor. Whilst negligible levels of NO release were observed under ambient fluorescent light, a significant amount of NO was released under UV irradiation (λ=300–400 nm). A thiol mediator that contains a pendant amino group was found to be indispensable for NO release from aryl alkoxy furoxans. Analysis of the NO‐releasing mechanism of aryl alkoxy furoxan revealed that the main co‐product was the corresponding aryl nitrile, which was derived from fragmentation of the furoxan ring. Based on these results, we have proposed a plausible mechanism for photoinduced NO release, in which the key steps are nucleophilic attack of the thiol at the 3‐position of the furoxan, thereby leading to fragmentation of the furoxan ring, and the formation of a tetrahydrothiazole that contains a C‐nitroso group. A comparison of fluorofuroxan and alkoxy furoxan is also discussed.
Quantifying the impact of µCT‐scanning of human fossil teeth on ESR age results
Authors: Duval Mathieu , Martín‐Francés Laura
Published: February 2017

Fossil human teeth are nowadays systematically CT‐scanned by palaeoanthropologists prior to any further analysis. It has been recently demonstrated that this noninvasive technique has, in most cases, virtually no influence on ancient DNA preservation. However, it may have nevertheless an impact on other techniques, like Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) dating, by artificially ageing the apparent age of the sample. To evaluate this impact, we µCT‐scanned several modern enamel fragments following the standard analytical procedures employed by the Dental Anthropology Group at CENIEH, Spain, and then performed ESR dose reconstruction for each of them. The results of our experiment demonstrate that the systematic high‐resolution µCT‐scanning of fossil hominin remains introduces a nonnegligible X‐ray dose into the tooth enamel, equivalent to 15–30 Gy depending on the parameters used. This dose may be multiplied by a factor of ∼8 if no metallic filter is used. However, this dose estimate cannot be universally extrapolated to any µCT‐scan experiment but has instead to be specifically assessed for each device and set of parameters employed. The impact on the ESR age results is directly dependent on the magnitude of the geological dose measured in fossil enamel but could potentially lead to an age overestimation up to 40% in case of Late Pleistocene samples, if not taken into consideration.
Combined Phosphoramidite‐Phosphodiester Reagents for the Synthesis of Methylene Bisphosphonates
Authors: Engelsma Sander B. , Meeuwenoord Nico J. , Overkleeft Hermen S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Filippov Dmitri V.
Published: February 2017

A new class of phosphanylmethylphosphonate reagents has been developed to enable the controlled synthesis of methylene bisphosphonate mono‐ and diesters. Condensation of such reagents with an alcohol of choice through azole‐mediated phosphoramidite chemistry followed by in situ oxidation provides orthogonally protected methylene bisphosphonate tetraesters. Global deprotection of the tetraester leads to terminal methylene bisphosphonates. Alternatively, selective deprotection at the terminal phosphonate followed by a condensation between the acquired methylene bisphosphonate triester and a second alcohol leads to methylene bisphosphonates diesters.
Double Concave Cesium Encapsulation by Two Charged Sumanenyl Bowls
Authors: Spisak Sarah N. , Wei Zheng , Rogachev Andrey Yu. , Amaya Toru , Hirao Toshikazu , Petrukhina Marina A.
Published: February 2017

The controlled reaction of Na and Cs, two alkali metals of different ionic sizes and binding abilities, with sumanene (C21H12) affords a novel type of organometallic sandwich [Cs(C21H11−)2]−, which crystallized as a solvent‐separated ion pair with a [Na(18‐crown‐6)(THF)2]+ cation (where THF=tetrahydrofuran). The unprecedented double concave encapsulation of a metal ion by two bowl‐shaped sumanenyl anions in [Cs(C21H11−)2]− was revealed crystallographically. Evaluation of bonding and energetics of the remarkable product was accomplished computationally (B2PLYP‐D/TZVP/ZORA), providing insights into its formation.
Nanostructured Materials for Heterogeneous Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction and their Related Reaction Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Gong Jinlong
Published: February 2017

The gradually increased concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has been recognized as the primary culprit for the rise of the global mean temperature. In recent years, development of routes for highly efficient conversion of CO2 has received much attention. This Review describes recent progress on the design and synthesis of solid‐state catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2. The significance of this catalytic conversion is presented, followed by the general parameters for CO2 electroreduction and a summary of the reaction apparatus. We also discuss various types of solid catalysts based on their CO2 conversion mechanisms. We summarize the crucial factors (particle size, surface structure, composition, etc.) determining the performance for electroreduction.
NiII Coordination to an Al‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Made from 2‐Aminoterephthalate for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: An Yang , Liu Yuanyuan , An Pengfei , Dong Juncai , Xu Benyan , Dai Ying , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Huang Baibiao
Published: February 2017

The aluminum‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) made from 2‐aminoterephthalate is a photocatalyst for oxygen evolution. This MOF can be modified by incorporating Ni2+ cations into the pores through coordination to the amino groups, and the resulting MOF is an efficient photocatalyst for overall water splitting.
Influence of propylene‐based elastomer on stress‐whitening for impact copolymer
Authors: Lu Ying , Sun Yingying , Li Lan , Men Yongfeng
Published: February 2017

Two pure impact copolymer polypropylenes (ICP), one pure homo‐polypropylene (HPP) and their compounds with different type and fraction of Vistamaxx™ propylene‐based elastomer (“Vistamaxx”) were used to investigate the stress whitening activated in the impact processes via ultra‐small‐angle X‐ray scattering technique. The whitening presented in ICP is confirmed to be caused by the interfaces existed between ethylene‐propylene (EP) rubber and polypropylene matrix, such kind whitening is apparently unlike the one initiated in the crystal phase of HPP. In this study, Vistamaxx with high crystallinity can adjust the compatibility of EP rubber and PP matrix which results in a reduction of interfaces, thus, a phenomenon of reduced stress whitening can be observed in blends of ICP with Vistamaxx. However, the enhancement of stress whitening can be found in blends of ICP with Vistamaxx which occupied low crystallinity. Such behaviors can be assigned to the poor compatibility between Vistamaxx and PP matrix. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44747.
Processing‐structure‐property relationship in rigid polyurethane foams
Authors: Kabakci Elif , Sayer Göksin , Suvaci Ender , Uysal Oktay , Güler İhsan , Kaya Metin
Published: February 2017

Rigid polyurethane (PU) foam is used as a thermal insulating and supporting material in domestic refrigerator/freezers and it is produced by reaction injection molding (RIM) process. There is a need to improve the thermal property of rigid PU foam but this is still a challenging problem. Accordingly, this work investigates the RIM process parameters to evaluate their effects on rigid PU foam's structure and hence property. It has been found that mold temperature is a key parameter whereas curing time has negligible effect on structure of PU foam. Cell size, strut thickness, and foam density have been found very critical in controlling the thermal and mechanical properties. Upper and lower values of 30 to 32 kg/m3 density are critical to observe contribution of radiation and solid conductivity separately. Finally, PU foam with 160 µm average cell size, 16 µm strut thickness, below 10% open cell content, and 30 to 32 kg/m3 density allow obtaining better thermal insulation without significant reducing in the compressive strength. The presented work provides a better understanding of processing‐structure‐property relationship to gain knowledge on producing high‐quality rigid PU foams with improved properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44870.
Resorcinol in high solid phenol−formaldehyde resins for foams production
Authors: Liu Juan , Chen Ri‐Qing , Xu Yu‐Zhi , Wang Chun‐Peng , Chu Fu‐Xiang
Published: February 2017

The acid curing agent content and foaming temperature could be reduced by improving the resol reactivity. In this study, highly active and solid phenol−resorcinol−formaldehyde copolymer resins (PRFRs) with different resorcinol/phenol (R/P) molar ratios and formaldehyde/(phenol + resorcinol) [F/(P + R)] molar ratios were synthesized through the copolymerization of resorcinol, formaldehyde, and phenol. Phenol−resorcinol−formaldehyde foams (PRFFs) were prepared with synthetic PRFRs. The results showed that PRFR‐2 exhibited higher reactivity, faster curing speed, and better thermal stability. In addition, the foam produced with the PRFR‐2 had improved mechanical and flame retardation properties and a compressive strength of 0.18 MPa, a flexural strength of 0.25 MPa, and a limited oxygen index (LOI) greater than 37%. The increased reactivity of the PRFRs correlated with the changing mechanical properties of PRFFs because of the effects of resorcinol and the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol and resorcinol. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44881.
Effects of the chain‐extender content on the structure and performance of poly(lactic acid)–poly(butylene succinate)–microcrystalline cellulose composites
Authors: Cao Zheng , Lu Ying , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Qian , Zhou An , Hu Yanchao , Wu Dun , Tao Guoliang , Gong Fanghong , Ma Wenzhong , Liu Chunlin
Published: February 2017

Composites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as reinforcements of the polymer matrix were prepared by melt blending to improve the brittleness of PLA. As a reactive compatibilizer, a chain extender was used in an attempt to solve the composites’ interfacial problems and to improve their mechanical properties; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the chain extender functionally reacted with PLA, PBS, and MCC mainly through end carboxyls or end hydroxyls. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the chain extender significantly improved the cohesive interfacial forces. Differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction showed that the chain extender inhibited crystallization, and these effects were greater when its percentage was increased. The addition of chain extender improved the tensile and impact strength of the composites, and this improvement was proportional to the chain‐extender percentage. However, the elongation at break decreased when the chain‐extender percentage was over 0.5% because of mild crosslinking within the resin matrix. Rheology indicated that the complex viscosity and storage and loss moduli of the composites increased with increasing amount of chain extender; this indicated that the addition of chain extender improved the melt strength and processability of the composites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44895.
Preparation of chitin‐CdTe quantum dots films and antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wansapura Poorna Tharaka , Dassanayake Rohan Suranga , Hamood Abdul , Tran Phat , Moussa Hanna , Abidi Noureddine
Published: February 2017

Novel chitin–cadmium‐tellurium quantum dot (Chitin‐CdTeQD) hybrid films combining chitin and CdTe quantum dots (CdTeQDs) were prepared via a facile aqueous synthesis route at room temperature. Films were characterized by high‐resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (HR‐FESEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Antibacterial activity was studied on both Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Antibacterial properties were investigated with agar diffusion testing assay and with confocal laser scanning microscopic image analysis. Chitin–CdTeQD films exhibited an excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Chitin–CdTeQD films might be a desirable antibacterial material for wide range of biomedical applications including wound dressing, burn treatment, drug delivery systems, packaging, ophthalmology, and implants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44904.
“Europe” in Greece: Lay constructions of Europe in the context of Greek immigration debates
Authors: Andreouli Eleni , Figgou Lia , Kadianaki Irini , Sapountzis Antonis , Xenitidou Maria
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we analyse discourses about Europe in Greek debates about immigration and citizenship and highlight the complexities of “Europeanness” as a symbolic resource for argumentation in these debates. Our data consist of lay discourses from 2 rounds of online public deliberation (2009–2010 and 2015) about a controversial new citizenship law in Greece. Our analysis shows that Europe is an ambivalent category. On the one hand, Europe symbolises progress, but, on the other hand, it is also constructed in terms of decline and “contamination” by multiculturalism. Further, our analysis shows that the category of Europe can be mobilised in contradictory ways, in order to support arguments for and against citizenship rights for migrants. The paper concludes with a discussion of the ways in which constructions of Europe are implicated in processes of othering and inclusion in the context of current immigration debates. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helical Oligopeptides of a Quaternized Amino Acid with Tunable Chiral‐Induction Ability and an Anomalous pH Response
Authors: Cho Joonil , Ishida Yasuhiro , Aida Takuzo
Published: February 2017

A series of octamer (8‐mer) and hexadecamer (16‐mer) oligopeptides of 4‐aminopiperidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (Api) with l‐leucine as a chiral auxiliary at their N or C termini were synthesized. By using circular dichroism spectroscopy, the conformational profiles of the peptides were systematically studied, which revealed that the α‐helix‐formation ability of the peptides is determined by the combination of parameters, which includes peptide length, state of the piperidine groups in the Api units, and position of the chiral auxiliary. When the piperidines were in the free‐base state, the peptides showed a low propensity to form helical structures. However, the protonation and acylation of the piperidines enhanced the formation of helical structures, such that the order for helix‐formation ability was protonated>acylated>free base. In terms of peptide length, the 16‐mers generally showed higher helix‐formation ability than the corresponding 8‐mers, and one of the 16‐mers showed helicity at the highest level reported thus far for oligopeptides of a similar length. It was also found that the sensitivity of the helical structure towards the state of the piperidine groups changed drastically depending on the chiral auxiliary position; the N‐terminal chiral peptides were more sensitive than the C‐terminal chiral analogues.
Enzymatic reuse of simulated dyeing process effluent using horseradish peroxidase
Authors: Farias Simone , Mayer Diego A. , de Oliveira Débora , de Souza Antônio Augusto Ulson , de Souza Selene M. A. Guelli U.
Published: February 2017

Reactive dyes are complex structures that cause environmental damage when discarded. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reuse of effluent from an enzyme‐catalyzed dyeing process. The main parameters that influence the degradation of the mixture of dyes using the enzyme horseradish peroxidase were studied using response surface methodology: enzyme, hydrogen peroxide, and dye concentrations as well as the pH. The best conditions for the synthetic effluent were then applied to the reuse of the effluent from the dyeing process in laboratory and pilot scales. In the studies in pilot scale a high colour intensity was obtained (ΔE* value of 0.6) and a good washing fastness (4.0). The results obtained indicate that peroxidases could be used for colour removal on an industrial scale to save water and energy in the post‐dyeing process, reusing part of this effluent with the same efficiency as that of a traditional process.