bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sosialisasi Dampak Kekerasan Dalam Berpacaran Di Kecamatan Kambera, Kabupaten Sumba Timur, NTT
Authors: Indah Rambu Hada , Maramba Rambu Susanti Mila
Published: December 2022

Kekerasan dalam berpacaran kerap terjadi di lingkungan masyarakat. Hal ini tidak lepas dari adanya kenakalan remaja di lingkungan masyarakat. Banyak remaja yang tidak menyadari bahwa seseorang telah melakukan kekerasan terhadap dirinya. Hal ini terjadi karena kurangnya kesadaran hukum dari masyarakat atau anak-anak pada usia remaja. Oleh karena itu perlunya sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh para dosen hukum dalam tingkat sekolah menengah atas. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pengabdian ini adalah edukatif dan partisipatif. Hasil daripada PkM yang telah dilaksanakan yaitu Sosialisasi memaparkan informasi tentang kenakalan remaja dan kekerasan berpacaran. Dengan adanya sosialisas agar kesadaran hukum dari anak-anak usia sekolah (remaja) dapat terciptanya lingkungan yang damai dan sejahtera sehingga anak remaja memiliki masa depan yang cemerlang.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH FESES TERNAK RUMINANSIA SEBAGAI PUPUK BOKASHI DALAM MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI UKM MASYARAKAT DAN MENGURANGI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Pati Denisius Umbu , Sudarma I Made Adi , Nganji Marten Umbu , Pari Aris Umbu Hina , Taranau Ospensius K.
Published: December 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ekonomi masyrakat desa Kareka Nduku Selatan dengan memanfaatkan pupuk bokashi sebagai pupuk organik bagi tanaman pangan dan pakan serta dapat mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni-November 2021. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan survey dan in depth interview pada awal kegiatan, dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat dan pelatihan pembuatan pupuk organik. Pelaksanaan kegiatan berjalan dengan baik dimana 2 kelompok tani yang diikutkan dalam kegiatan ini mampu membuat pupuk organik dan dalam monitoring kegiatan terlihat bahwa kelompok tani dapat memanfaatkan pupuk organik sebagai media tanam bagi tanaman pangan dan pakan ternak. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat di Desa Kareka Nduku Selatan sudah memberikan dampak bagi kelompok tani dalam memanfaatkan limbah ternak sebagai pupuk organik namun masih perlu dilakukan pendampingan untuk menyebarluaskannya kepada kelompok tani lainnya
PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN GEOGEBRA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BAGI GURU SMA DI KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR
Authors: Randjawali Erwin , Ndakularak Iona Lisa , Nuhamara Yuliana Tamu Ina , Ngaba Anggriati Ledu , Bima Stevvileny Angu , Sanit Irna Natalis , Taunu Elsy SH , Nggaba Mayun Erawati , Eko Yuliana S. , Wadu Darius Imanuel , Wulandari Mega Retno , Lapu Marthinus Luta
Published: December 2022

Pelaksanaan PkM dalam bentuk pelatihan GeoGebra bagi guru Matematika di SMA Negeri 2 Waingapu bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan guru dalam menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra. PkM ini menggunakan metode observasi, ceramah, demonstrasi, serta diskusi. Kegiatan PkM ini memiliki hasil berupa pelaksanaan pelatihan bagi para guru serta implementasi materi pelatihan.Adapun hasil dari pelatihan ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan guru dalam menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra. Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil monitoring diperoleh informasi bahwa hasil pelatihan ini telah diimplementasikan dalam proses pembelajaran Matematika di kelas.
PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN PELANGGAN DAN PROMOSI UMKM LA SANO LIFE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN DAN ANGKA PENJUALAN
Authors: Putra Edy Yulianto , Ng Dennys , Wilson Jhon , Alvina June , Ng Selina
Published: December 2022

Pelayanan pelanggan dan promosi merupakan dua faktor utama yang menjadi ketertarikan konsumen dalam melakukan pembelian. Namun, suatu bisnis seringkali mengabaikan kedua faktor tersebut, sehingga pada akhirnya penjualan yang dilakukan tidak dapat berkembang secara maksimal. Kegiatan pengabdian kali ini bertujuan meningkatkan tingkat kepuasan pelanggan, exposure toko, dan angka penjualan pada UMKM La Sano Life melalui kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan yang berkaitan dengan cara memaksimalkan pelayanan kepada konsumen, serta cara melakukan promosi yang dapat menarik minat pembeli.  Melalui kegiatan ini, pengabdi berhasil meningkatkan tingkat kepuasan pelanggan, exposure toko, dan angka penjualan mitra secara signifikan dalam waktu tiga (3) minggu. Pemilik bisnis dan karyawan La Sano Life harus senantiasa mengunggah konten informatif dan promosi secara berkala untuk memastikan adanya interaksi dengan konsumen, serta memperoleh kesempatan untuk meningkatkan angka penjualan. Mitra juga harus selalu mengingat bahwa pelayanan merupakan faktor utama untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan, sehingga sikap pelayanan dalam melakukan interaksi dan transaksi dengan konsumen maupun pelanggan merupakan hal yang krusial.
PROGRAM PEMBUATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN RAMAH ANAK BAGI PENDIDIK KB MUTIARA HATI DUSUN SEGOROYOSO II
Authors: Wulansari Hana , Ariyani Apri , Huda Salis Sochibu , Afiifah Khoirunnisa Shofi , Astari Astari , Putri Salsabila , ‘Inayah Laili , Khuluqi Faisal Ahsin , Fatika Wulan Nurul , Syakira Ilma Bayyina
Published: December 2022

Program ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan bagi pendidik KB Mutiara Hati Dusun Segoroyoso II terkait pengembangan media pembelajaran ramah anak guna merangsang komponen kognitif, psikomotor dan afektif. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam pelaksanaan program ini adalah observasi, wawancara, praktik, dokumentasi serta pendampingan. Sasaran dari program adalah pendidik KB Mutiara Hati yang berjumlah 3 orang. Hasil yang diharapkan dari adanya program ini yaitu meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan pendidik KB Mutiara Hati dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran ramah anak guna merangsang komponen kognitif, psikomotor dan afektif
APLIKASI AGEN HAYATI PADA TANAMAN KOPI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PETANI DENGAN SISTEM PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN DI DESA PARGARUTAN DOLOK TAPANULI SELATAN
Authors: Friska Meiliana , Wahyuni Siti Hardianti , Nasution Jumaria , Harahap Parmanoan , Handayani Surya , Siregar Erin Alawiyah
Published: December 2022

Pargarutan Dolok merupakan suatu desa dengan mata pencaharian utamanya adalah bertani. Desa tersebut dominan Petani Kopi. Kegiatan pengabdian di Desa tersebut dengan tujuan memecahkan suatu masalah pada tanaman kopi milik petani. Kopi tersebut terlah terserang hama dan ketika digunakan senyawa kimia hama yang muncul sudah mengalami resistesi sehingga diperlukan senyawa alami. Penggunaan agen hayati yaitu Beauveria bassiana sangat baik digunakan karena memiliki fungsi dalam menekan populasi Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) sampai pada level yang tidak merugikan secara ekonomis, denga demikian produksi tetap berada pada level tinggi. Melalui kegiatan  pengabdian  masyarakat ini  dapat  bermanfaat dalam penggunaan Beauveria bassiana sebagai agen hayati dalam usaha pertanian berkelanjutan.
Penerapan Case Based Reasoning Untuk Mendiagnosa Penyakit Pada Ternak Babi Menggunakan Metode Naive Bayes
Authors: AngDjadi Jessica Stephanie , Mola Sebastianus A. S. , Prasetyo Dwi
Published: December 2022

Pertumbuhan populasi ternak babi di Provinsi NTT meningkat tiap tahunnya, tetapi tidak seimbang dengan pemeliharan kesehatan dari ternak babi yang ada. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan  pemahaman dan pemeliharaan kesehatan ternak babi kepada peternak adalah dengan menggunakan sistem Case Based Reasoning (CBR). Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang terdiri  dari 196 data rekam medis, 7 jenis penyakit dan 33 gejala penyakit yang menyerang ternak babi. Tingkat kemiripan dapat ditentukan dengan cara indexing dan non indexing menggunakan K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Indexing merupakan proses pengelompokkan kasus yang ada berdasarkan kelas yang telah ditentukan, sedangkan non indexing merupakan proses tanpa pengelompokkan kasus. Pada pengujian sistem menggunakan K-Fold terdapat 2 hasil pengujian yaitu hasil pengujian secara indexing dan non indexing. Berdasarkan pengujian didapatkan nilai rata-rata akurasi 96,4% dan rata-rata similarity 81,13 dalam waktu 0,114 detik pada pengujian menggunakan indexing dan nilai rata-rata akurasi 98,7% dan rata-rata similarity 83,25% dalam waktu 0,132 detik pada pengujian menggunakan non indexing.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Permainan Edukasi Halang Rintang ‘ Running boy’
Authors: Djardjani Muhammad Kahfi , Gustiansyah Rayhan Vitto , Rahman Muhammad Aulia,ur , Sulistyo Bagas Dwi , Ariska Fitri , Dermawan Dodik Arwin
Published: December 2022

Game running boy merupakan game dengan tujuan untuk mengambil points sebanyak-banyaknya dengan berlari melewati rintangan yang ada. Anak usia 3- 6 tahun sedang mengalami masa keemasan  dalam hal perkembangan otak. Oleh karena itu, game ini diharapkan anak dapat membantu mempercepat meningkatkan konsentrasi, sensor motorik, dan kesigapan ketika melewati rintangan. Dalam game ini anak dapat berimajinasi lebih tinggi karena tampilan game yang kita buat ini 3D dimana seolah-olah anak yang memainkan game ini merasakan bahwa dia benar-benar berada ditempat game tersebut. Sasaran utama pengguna game ini adalah anak-anak yang cenderung lebih suka menghabiskan waktunya hanya dengan nonton kartun ataupun lainnya. Maka dari itu penggabungan teknologi dan perkembangan otak anak ini dinilai sebagai kolaborasi yang harus kita tingkatkan dan kembangkan. Aplikasi permainan ini dikembangkan menggunakan metode software develpoement life cycle (SDLC) waterfall
Pelatihan Peningkatan Berbicara Bahasa Inggris Dengan Metode Audio Lingual
Authors: Sidabutar Usman
Published: December 2022

Metode Audio Lingual (MAL) mengacu pada kompetensi belajar yang sangat besar pada kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris. Yayasan PPA Filadelpia Medan adalah yayasan pendidikan yang beriontasi terhadap kemajuan anak didik untuk menjadikan anak yang bermoral dan berprestasi. Yayasan ini juga menampung anak-anak masyarakat yang memiliki ekonomi yang lemah atau kurang mampu. Para guru yang mengajar anak-anak didik ini telah dilatih untuk menjadi guru yang memiliki jiwa holistik dan berinovasi. Para guru yang mengajar mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris dan non bahasa Inggris sangat termotivasi untuk belajar bahasa Inggris guna mengembangkan anak didik mereka. Pelatih kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat berjiwa besar untuk mengembangkan yayasan ini melalui pelatihan berbicara bahasa Inggris kepada para guru dan pegawai yayasan. Hasil kunjungan sosialisasi menyimpulkan bahwa pelakasanaan kegiatan PKM ini dimulai dari bulan Mei 2021 hingga bulan Juli 2021 selama 12 kali dengan waktu pelatihan adalah 90 menit per pertemuan dengan jumlah 16 peserta dengan system cluster. Metode Audio Lingual (MAL) dengan kombinasi Screen Cast O Matic menjadi instrument untuk menjalankan pelatihan yang dilaksanakan dengan tatap muka dan belajar online.  Hasil observasi yang terdapat dalam artikel ini membuktikan bahwa di bawah jawaban dan hasil belajar melalui pendekatan metode audio lingual terdapat kecenderungan untuk termotivasi untuk belajar, berbicara bahasa Inggris dan menggali sumber dan informasi yang tersirat. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan pernyataan para responden untuk mempersiapkan mereka di pasar dunia yang harus penuh dengan kreativitas yang fleksibel, terarah, dan dicapai dengan kualitas tinggi
Program Peningkatan Kemampuan Bahasa Inggris Dengan Pendekatan Active And Fun Learning Bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ananda Herwin Tri , Baqi Safiruddin Al
Published: December 2022

Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa asing yang dipelajari pada semua jenjang pendidikan. Metode pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dapat membuat siswa aktif belajar dan berkomunikasi dalam Bahasa Inggris. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa Inggris bagi siswa sekolah dasar dengan pendekatan active and fun learning. Pengabdian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen.dengan desain one group pretest-posttest, dimana seluruh siswa kelas V SD N 1 Grogol yang berjumlah 13 siswa menjadi kelas eksperimen. Pelaksanaan pengabdian terdiri dari tiga tahapan, yakni pretest, kegiatan belajar mengajar (treatment), dan posttest. Nilai mean dari hasil pretest diperoleh sebesar 52.31 dan posttest sebesar 83.46. Uji paired sample t-test menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.000 (p < 0.05). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan pendekatan active and fun learning dalam meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa Inggris siswa kelas V di SD N 1 Grogol.
Diversifikasi Hasil Perikanan menjadi Berbagai Olahan Pangan Bagi Kelompok PKK Kampung Enam, Kota Tarakan
Authors: Kartina Kartina , Nurhikma Nurhikma , Nugraeni Christine Dyta , Alawiyah Tuty , Haryono M. Gandri , Lembang Miska Sanda , Sumarlin Sumarlin , Gaffar Syamsidar , Dewi Dena Pramita , Rahayu Yane
Published: December 2022

Kota Tarakan merupakan salah satu Kota yang terkenal dengan potensi Perikanan yang melimpah. Pemanfaatan hasil  perikanan secara efisien dan terpadu sangat diperlukan, karena hasil perikanan sangat rentan mengalami kerusakan/kemunduran mutu sehingga diperlukan penanganan yang tepat misalnya melalui diversifikasi menjadi berbagai produk olahan.  Kegiatan ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada ibu-ibu PKK sebagai motivator dimasyarakat. Pelaksanaan  kegiatan  pengabdian  berlangsung  pada  hari Jumat, 07 Februari 2020 yang dihadiri oleh  40 orang peserta. Kegitan berupa penyampaian materi dan demonstrasi pembuatan produk olahan ikan dan udang. Hasil  kegiatan  adalah  meningkatnya  keterampilan  dan  pengetahuan peserta dalam diversifikasi berbagai hasil perikanan menjadi pangan bergizi. Mengingat besarnya manfaat kegiatan ini, maka selanjutnya perlu mengadakan pelatihan serupa pada kelompok PKK terkait teknik pengemasan (packaging) agar produk yang dihasilkan dapat dipasarkan.
Pelatihan Pengolahan Sampah di Bank Sampah Koperasi Warga Sadaya (KOWASA) Kecamatan Jonggol Bogor Jawa Barat
Authors: Siagian Irwan , Bondan Bondan , Aulia Hanum Nurul
Published: December 2022

Permasalahan sampah ialah suatu hal yang dirasa umum semua pihak. Sampah menjadi hal yang berdampingan dengan kehidupan manusia, hampir disemua kegiatan manusia menghasilkan sampah. Masalah adalah bagaimana sampah bisa diatasi dan di minimalisir, karena ada banyak jenis sampah. Mulai dari jenis organik, anorganik, dan B3. Jika sampah organik, maka akan lebih mudah diolah atau pun terolah dengan sendirinya. Namun, kerap menjadi masalah ialah ketika sampah yang berjenis anorganik, seperti plastik. Bahan plastik kita ketahui, ialah barang sukar untuk terurai. Permasalahan mitra sering dihadapi yaitu sulitnya mencari mitra kerjasama dalam menyalurkan sampah sudah ditampung. Sampah ini sendiri dihasilkan dari warga yang berada di lingkungan masyrakat Desa Sukasirna. Sampah memang merupakan salah satu sumber bencana dan permasalahan lingkungan. Namun apabila pengelolaan sampah tersebut dikelola dengan baik dan benar dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya yang mumpuni, akan menghasilkan income bagi pengelola. Kami melihat pengelolaan sampah yang dikelola oleh Bank Sampah ini belum maksimal. Oleh karena itu, kami sebagai tim pengabdi  melakukan pengabdian dengan melakukan penyuluhan bagaimana mengelola sampah baik sampah organic maupun sampah anorganik dengan maksimal sehingga sampah yang dihasilkan tidak hanya menjadi sumber permasalahan lingkungan namun dapat menghasilkan penghasilan. Mitra pengabdian kami adalah salah satu Bank Sampah KOWASA ( Koperasi Warga Sadaya) yang berada di desa Sukasirna Kecamatan Jonggol Kabupaten Bogor.Solusi yang kami berikan kepada mitra pengabdian yaitu dengan melakukan kegiatan diskusi dengan  berbagi informasi dan tanya jawab seputar permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra secara daring. Teknik yang dilakukan  dalam pengabdian masyrakat adalah sebagi berikut : a, observasi langsung yakni mendatangi lokasi mitra, b. melakukan pengabdian masyarakat dengan sistem edukasi dan tanya jawab mengenai pengelolaan sampah organic dan sampah anorganik, c. memberikan pelatihan berupa keterampilan dalam mengelola sampah organic dan anorganik, d. melakukan evaluasi dan shering Bersama untuk menemukan kesepakatan dalam pengelolaan sampah agar tidak menjadi masalah bagi lingkungan.Target luaran yang akan dicapai pada kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah sebagi berikut: a. masyarakat yang memiliki keterampilan, b. produk bernilai harga tinggi dari bahan baku sampah.
Pelatihan Budidaya Hidroponik Sederhana Wick System Pada Skala Rumah Tangga Di Desa Tebang Kacang Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Authors: Vivi Dwi Zulfita , Surachman Surachman , Budi Setia , Bandem Putu Dupa
Published: December 2022

Titik permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat terutama ibu-ibu rumah tangga di Desa Tebang Kacang Kabupaten Kubu Raya bahwa kebutuhan hasil pertanian semakin meningkat seiring jumlah penduduk yang semakin meningkat, sementara kemajuan teknologi semakin meningkat telah menggeser banyak lahan pertanian yang mengakibatkan lahan pertanian semakin terbatas. Kondisi yang demikian membutuhkan pemikiran dan solusi untuk mengatasinya, salah satunya dengan penerapan sistem pertanian hidroponik. Solusi terhadap permasalahan tersebut dengan sentuhan Iptek yaitu melalui kegiatan penyuluhan arti budidaya hidroponik, kualitas dan nilai jual produk budidaya hidroponik, dapat melakukan budidaya sayur-sayuran secara hidroponik sederhana Wick System dan melakukan packing produk dan pelabelan produk. Metode pelaksanaan program pelatihan ini meliputi orientasi, sosialisasi, diseminasi tenologi budidaya tanaman sayur-sayuran dengan hiroponik sederhana Wick System, pelatihan packing dan pelabelan produk serta evaluasi kegiatan untuk mengetahui hambatan/kesulitan yang dihadapi selama kegiatan untuk kemudian mencarikan solusi dalam pemecahannya. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemahaman dan keinginan keberlanjutan program pada kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan terjadi peningkatan sampai 75% tentang pembuatan budidaya sayuran secara hidroponik sederhana dengan metode Wick System.
Diseminasi Teknologi Pembudidaya Ikan pada Kelompok Pembudidaya Ikan di Kelurahan Demang Lebar Daun
Authors: Isa Indra Griha Tofik , Mayasari Riana , Putra Rian Rahmanda
Published: December 2022

Sektor perikanan menjadi urat nadi bagi masyarakat Sumatera Selatan. Ikan menjadi bahan baku utama khas daerah ini. Namun, ketersediaan di pasaran kurang stabil mengakibatkan harga yang fluktuatif cenderung tinggi. Permasalah utama yang menyebabkan kondisi ini terjadi di hulu yaitu pada proses pemberian pakan oleh pembudidaya ikan salah satunya adalah Kelompok Pembudidaya Ikan Macan Kumbang. Secara umum mitra saat ini belum diperkenalkan dengan bantuan teknologi. Permasalahan prioritas yang dihadapi mitra adalah (1) Pemberian pakan ikan tidak tepat waktu; (2) Sering terjadi overfeeding; (3) Kualitas air kolam sulit diukur; (4) Belum ada pengelolaan limbah pembudidayaan ikan; (5) Kesulitan dalam prediksi pengembalian modal. Sehingga dalam kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membangun teknologi pembudidayaan ikan berbasis IoT yang terintegrasi dengan Urban Farming yang dapat memberikan nilai tambah bagi hasil pembudidayan ikan kelompok pembudidaya ikan Macan Kumbang. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan (1) sosialisasi; (2) Identifikasi kebutuhan; (3) Perancangan Alat; (4) Pembuatan alat dengan proses assembly; (5) Pengujian Operasi; (6) Pendampingan Operasional berbagai elemen; (7)Transfer teknologi melalui pelatihan. Hasil Akhir terjadi peningkatan efektifitas biaya dan peningkatan hasil produksi setelah diterapkan teknologi pembudidayaan ikan.
Treatment of Williams syndrome: Evidence-based medicine and expert opinion
Authors: Al-Mosawi Aamir Jalal
Published: December 2022

Background: Williams syndrome which is also called "Williams-Beuren syndrome" is a mental retardation syndrome associated with aortic arch stenosis, and is generally results from deletion of chromosome 7q11.23. The syndrome has been recognized as early as 1961, but the associated neuropsychiatric abnormalities remained without specific treatment.
Community toilets management strategies in promotion of public hygiene in municipality ward of Meru, Kenya
Authors: Kobia Benjamin , Mworia Lilian , Karanja Stephen
Published: December 2022

Rapid population growth has significantly contributed to inadequate sanitation facilities especially in slums. The inadequacy in sanitation facilities results to poor hygiene thus promote spread of sanitation-related diseases such as diarrhea. This study investigated sanitation management strategies for promotion of public hygiene in slums. Three slums in Meru Municipality ward, namely, Mjini, Shauri Yako, and Majengo were identified as the target population for the study. Mixed methods approach was adopted in sampling. Each slum was treated as a cluster. Data was collected from 79 heads of households within the clusters and 5 key informants from the Municipality ward who included a municipal manager, assistant chief, Public Health Officer, MEWASS director, and Caritas director. The heads of the households were proportionally selected randomly from the clusters as determined using Fisher’s formula. Qualitative data was collected from the key informants. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPPS) version 25 to generate frequency tables while qualitative data was presented thematically. The findings showed poor sanitation and hygiene status of the slum dwellers due to the lack of good sanitation facilities that could enable them dispose their excreta effectively. The study showed that 86% of the slum population did not access adequate sanitation facilities where 5.1% used flying toilets and other 1.3% used bucket latrines. The correlation between comfortability of toilet users and the use of toilets with flies and odour was 0.351(P=0.000) thus comfortability to use sanitation facilities in the slums depended on the status of the toilets. The correlation between presence of caretakers for slum toilets and maintenance of toilets was 0.478 with a p-value of 0.000. The correlation between willingness to pay for sanitation services and the type of toilets provided was 0.094 (p=0.035). Presence of flush water and absence of flies in toilets registered a correlation coefficient of 0.350 (p=0.000). The study recommended consideration of better strategies to enhance better living conditions amongst the slum dwellers lacking access to adequate sanitation services. Further, the government need to put in place policies and regulations to ensure adequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene to the slum dwellers.
Harnessing our ICT skill set and research efforts for sustainable development
Authors: Muketha Geofrey Muchiri
Published: December 2022

For some time now, ICTs have become ubiquitous, making them a common place phenomenon in modern society. Almost all electronics are ICT enabled to date, with most people who can read and write having interacted with ICTs one way or the other. For example, mobile phones which have changed the way we think, socialize and do business, are ICT-enabled. According to Statista, a German Company specializing in market and consumer data, The number of mobile subscriptions in Kenya rose from 0.13 million in the year 2000 to 61.41 million in 2020.  This makes sense when you consider that many Kenyans walk with two or more mobile devices wherever they go.
Countries that have had the highest infusion of ICT in their sectors have reaped the most benefits. These benefits can generally be seen alongside the developed vs developing countries divide. ICTs are seen as a powerful solution to the problems affecting developing countries. Indeed, ICTs have the potential of making developing countries to catch up and even overtake developed countries much faster than originally thought.
This paper challenges us to harness ICT skill set through: 1. enhancement of our computing curricula by thinking through how they are designed and implemented.  2. Enhancement of research efforts by addressing four key problems that characterize research in this sector so as to come up with novel and sustainable solutions to challenges that affect our developing economies.
The importance of vocational training in horticulture
Authors: Koomen Irene
Published: December 2022

Horticulture is one the fastest growing sub-sectors in Kenya and contributes significantly to the agriculture sector, mainly through export but increasingly supplying the domestic market. The Enhancing Partnerships for Industry-led Vocational Training and education for water smart & climate proof horticulture (ePivot) project aims to improve professional education and vocational training at of Polytechnics and Technical and Vocational Colleges (TVCs) in the horticulture value chains through strong collaboration with the private sector.

                                              

The horticulture sector is expected to contribute towards the envisioned poverty reduction, and overall food security, as such contributing to SDG 2 while the need for water and climate smart technologies is high. The sector is generally a labour-intensive industry with high demand of skilled workers, trained supervisors and professional managers. Over six million Kenyans are directly and indirectly employed in horticulture, women constitute 75% of the labour force in the horticulture industry. The increase in horticulture is fuelled by rapid population growth and urbanization, an increasing middle class that is health conscious and consumes more fruits and vegetables but demands the produce to be of good quality and safe to consume. Horticulture offers opportunities for economic growth and employment both in production but increasingly so in value addition. This calls for a specified and educated pool of labour is high.

 

The current TVCs and associated education institutions have a very general focus and there is lack of specialized workforce in horticulture. The ePivot project aims to close those gaps, strengthening the capacity of the TVCs through a strong collaboration between the education institutes and the private sector, strengthening linkages among the various actors to enable practical learning and innovation in the horticulture sector and making it water and climate smart. The consortium consisting out of 6 TVCs working together with Meru University of Science and Technology and supported by industry partners as well as 4 universities in the Netherlands, focuses on making the horticulture curriculum more competence based. Initial results are encouraging, both tutors and students are appreciating the practical approach to skills development.
Impact of fermented milk on the glycemic response of maize, millet and sorghum stiff porridges
Authors: Amwoma Lorraine Moindi , Ebere Rebecca , Arimi Joshua
Published: December 2022

Objective:  1.To determine the proximate composition of millet, maize and sorghum stiff porridges 2. To examine the impact of fermented milk (mala) on the glycemic response of maize, millet and sorghum ugali. Problem Statement: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing over the years. Glycemic control is important in the management and control T2DM. Whole flour stiff porridge is advised for diabetic patients despite their medium to high glycemic response. Dairy products have an inverse relationship with the development of T2DM, but whether it lowers the glycemic response of stiff porridge is yet to be established. Methodology: Proximate analyses were determined using AOAC methods. Moisture, fat, protein, ash, dietary fiber content by oven drying method, soxhlet method, Kjedhal method, dry ashing method, Hennenberg and Stohmann method respectively and carbohydrate by difference 100- (fat+protein+ash+dietary fiber+moisture content). Energy content was calculated using the Atwater formula. Glycemic index was determined using standard procedures. Results and Discussion: Whole maize, millet, sorghum had the highest fat, fiber and protein respectively. Maize, millet and sorghum had a medium, low and high glycemic index respectively. Maize, millet and sorghum stiff porridge alongside mala had high, high and medium glycemic index respectively.Application & Recommendation: In the diet planning of T2DM individuals, stiff porridge alongside mala should not be advised. Conclusion: Stiff porridge from maize, millet, sorghum is a source of fat, fiber and protein respectively. Mala increases the glycemic response of maize and millet stiff porridge.
Green gold: refining crude Miraa (Catha edulis) into a real green gold
Authors: Arimi Joshua
Published: December 2022

Miraa (Catha edulis) is a very lucrative psychoactive crop for the farmers in lower parts of Meru county and Embu county. However, its handling is unhygienic and it’s a perishable crop. Withering and drying leads to conversion of the stimulating compound; cathinone to a less stimulating compound; cathine. Therefore, it has to be transported to the market within the shortest time possible. This has led to culture of high speed driving of miraa delivery pick-ups and lorries. This is both unsafe to the miraa transporters as well as other road users leading to high records of fatal road accidents. Once in the market, the twigs are chewed raw without any value addition. This form of presentation and chewing makes it look unaesthetic, archaic and primitive. The objective of this study was to determine microbial load and evaluate the possibility of extending the shelf-life and development of various processed products from miraa while retaining the active ingredients.  The miraa twigs for all the studies were purchased from the local vendors in Meru. Microbial load of miraa from different miraa vending points around Meru town, these are; Nchiru, Kianjai, Ruiri, Makutano and Meru town was studied. Shelf-life of miraa was studied by storing miraa at ambient temperature, refrigerated conditions (4-8 °C) and humidity chamber. Weight loss and total phenolic compounds were monitored. Miraa was processed into unflavoured and flavoured infusion bags. Miraa sourced from Meru town exhibited the highest microbial load compared to the other vending points. This is associated to environmental contaminants and high number of handlers. Miraa stored at ambient temperature exhibited the highest weight loss and reduction in total phenolic compounds while that stored in humidity chamber showed the lowest weight loss and highest retention of phenolic compounds after 72 hours. Consumer tests preferred miraa infusion bags as hygienic with moderate stimulation effects. The results showed that it’s possible to store miraa for up to 72 hours and to prepare miraa infusion bag with stimulatory effects.
Evaluation of the effect of different types of stabilizers and salt on improving the physico-chemical properties of camel milk yoghurt
Authors: Arimi Joshua , Mwobobia Florence
Published: December 2022

Camel milk is recognised for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Camels are very resilient can also withstand harsh and hot climatic conditions and produce milk over a long period of time when other livestock succumb. Converting camel milk into yoghurt can increase milk shelf-life ensuring its available during drought enhancing food security. However, processing of camel milk yoghurt is challenging due to weak coagulum which has unacceptably low viscosity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different stabilisers and salt on viscosity, titratable acidity, pH, water holding capacity and syneresis of camel milk yoghurt. Camel milk was obtained from Anolei women group, Isiolo County and transported to Food Science Laboratories in Meru University of Science and Technology. The milk was assessed for quality through platform tests. Effect of two stabilisers (starch and modified starch) and a salt on yoghurt properties were evaluated. The stabilisers were added in the range of 2- 3% while salt concentration was 0.075%. The fermentation was carried out under controlled conditions in a cheese vat. After fermentation, yoghurt was analysed for the viscosity, water holding capacity, susceptibility to syneresis, tritratable acidity and change in pH over six hours during fermentation and after 7, 14 and 21 days during storage under refrigeration.  The pH of yoghurt with modified starch decreased with fermentation period (1-6 hrs) from 5.8 ± 0.2 to 4.3 ± 0.2, while for yoghurt containing starch decreased from 5.8 – 4.0. The water holding capacity increased with increasing stabiliser concentration from 2-3%. The susceptibility to syneresis decreased with increasing stabiliser concentration but increased over the storage period. The viscosity increased with increasing the stabilisers concentration from 2 - 3% during fermentation. At a concentration of 3% modified starch and 0.075% salt resulted in highest viscosity (0.173±0.01 Pa.s) which is similar to that of commercial yoghurt. This study shows that it is possible to manufacture camel milk yoghurt by adding modified starch and salt to achieve similar physico-chemical properties to available commercial yoghurts.
Influence of Rhizobium inoculation and phosphate rock fertilizer application on growth and yield components of green gram in Tharaka-Nithi county, Kenya
Authors: Mbaka Felister , Nduhu H.O. , Oloo-abucheli G.O.
Published: December 2022

Green gram is an important drought tolerant grain legume crop in Kenya. In Tharaka Nithi County green gram is as a major source of food security. Hence, there is need for a cheap and sustainable system of agricultural production is needed to increase its production. The legume/Rhizobium symbiosis in combination with phosphate rock offers a natural system for improving green gram nitrogen fixation. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the effect of Rhizobium and phosphate rock fertilizer application on growth and yield attributes of N26 and KS20 varieties. The study was carried out at Chuka University Horticultural Research Farm for two seasons, November 2019 to January 2020 and February to April 2020. Factorial experiment of 2x2x2 was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). There were three factors, variety (N26 and KS20), phosphate rock (0 and 30 kg P ha-1) and Rhizobium MEA 716 (0 and 100 g ha-1). The experiment contained eight treatments which were replicated three times. The data was collected fortnightly on four randomly selected plants on parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, branches, pods, total dry biomass, shoot and root dry weight and grain yield. These data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Significant means are separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at probability level of 5%. Results for both seasons indicated that combined application of Rhizobium MEA 716 Rhizobium 100 g ha-1 and phosphate rock 30 Kg ha-1 phosphate under variety in treatment (R1P1KS20) showed significantly (P<0.05) higher plant height (76.07 cm), number of branches (14.08 plant-1), shoot dry biomass (52.01 g plant-1), root dry biomass (7.60 g plant-1), total dry biomass (146.4 g plant-1), number of pods (84 plant-1) and yield (2158 kg ha-1) compared to variety N26 in treatment (R1P1N26).  Therefore, combination of Rhizobium MEA 716 100 g ha-1 and phosphate rock 30 Kg ha-1 under variety KS20 led to improved growth attributes equally yield components of KS20 variety over N26. From these findings, application of Rhizobium MEA716 at 100 g ha-1, and 30 Kg ha -1 phosphate rock under variety KS20 was recommended for improved and a sustainable green gram production in the study area.
Microbiological quality of kachumbari, a raw vegetable salad popularly served alongside roast meat in Kenya
Authors: Mbae Kenneth M , Ndwiga Mercy K , Kiruki Fredrick G
Published: December 2022

Raw salads are regularly implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks globally. Consumption of kachumbari, a raw vegetable salad alongside roast meat is widespread in Kenya. This study aimed to evaluate the bacteriological quality of kachumbari samples (n=39) collected from a cross-section of roasted meat eateries in Kenya. United Kingdom’s Health Protection Agency guidelines were used to infer the safety of the salads due to the lack of local criteria for microbiological safety of ready-to-eat fresh produce placed in the market. Based on Escherichia coli counts, 14 (35.9%) of the samples were of satisfactory microbial quality (<20 CFU/g), 7 (17.9%) in the borderline (20 - ≤102 CFU/g) and 18 (46.2%) unsatisfactory (>102 CFU/g). All samples examined for Staphylococci had counts falling within the borderline range (20-≤104 CFU/g). Collectively, 3 (7.7%) of the sampled salads were classified as potentially harmful to health and/or unfit for human consumption due to the presumptive presence of Campylobacter spp. 2 (5.1%) and E.coli O157 1 (2.6%). Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples. The presence of hygiene indicator microorganisms and pathogens demonstrates that kachumbari salads present a public health risk.
Effects of soil and water conservation techniques on sorghum yield, runoff and soil moisture content in Upper Eastern Kenya
Authors: Omenda J.A. , Ngetich K.F , Kiboi M.N , Mucheru-Muna M.W , Mugwe J.N , Mugendi D.N
Published: December 2022

Water and nutrients are the main factors limiting grain production in the dry regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Given the onset of global climate change, the effects of drought stress on crop yield becomes more pronounced. Different approaches have been initiated to address this; however, they have been introduced at different times, in isolation, and at varying spatial scales. We evaluated four soil and water conservation technologies (mulching, minimum tillage, tied ridging and MBILI- intercrop) for three cropping seasons (short rains2020, long rains 2021, and short rains 2021) in the dry zones of central highlands of Kenya. The objectives were to determine effects of the technologies on run off, soil moisture content and to assess the influence of the technologies on sorghum yield. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with six treatments replicated four times. At the start of the experiment soil was sampled at 0-20cm and analysed for pH, N, P, K, C, Ca and Mg. Mulch was applied at a rate of 5t ha-1 and runoff sampled. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS version 9.4 and means separated using Tukey-Kramer Honest Significant Difference Test P≤ 0.05. Runoff, soil moisture and sorghum yield were significantly influenced by mulching. Run off was reduced by 50% (p=0.01) during long rains of 2021 and by 49% during short rains of 2021 under mulching treatment. During short rains of 2020 yield increased by 90% and 77% (p=0.001) under mulching and tied ridges respectively. The study highlights the importance of analyzing selected soil and water conservation technologies under rain fed conditions in response to declining food production with a focus on tied ridges and mulching.
Use of sensor based drip irrigation in improving irrigation water efficiency for vegetable crops Tharaka Nithi county
Authors: Maitethia Daniel , Masinde Peter , Marangu Joseph , Thambura Joshua
Published: December 2022

Drip irrigation is a water saving technology recommendable for ASAL regions of Kenya that are water deficit. However, it is largely manually operated in Kenya, leading to variable irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). This necessitates automating the irrigation. Sensor based irrigation has been developed at Meru University of Science and Technology. In this study, the system was configured for use in ASALs areas of Kenya. The system has an electronic gadget designed to automate irrigation. It is fitted with soil moisture sensors and motorized water valves.  The sensors are installed near the crop root zone. When soil moisture drops below a predetermined threshold, the pump and the valves are triggered to switch ON automatically and start supplying water to the crops. When adequate water has been supplied, the sensors detect trigger the pumps and motorized valves to switch OFF hence cutting the water supply to the crops. The system was validated at Mukothima in Tharaka Nithi, an ASAL region in Kenya between April and August 2021 using water melon (Sukari F1) and onion (Red creole) as test crops. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used with three irrigation systems; sensor based drip, manually drip and furrow irrigation. Data was collected on vegetative growth and yield, soil moisture and irrigation water used. Farmers were invited to evaluate the crops during the vegetative stage. There were no significant differences in vegetative growth and fruit yield of water melon and bulb yield of onions between the irrigation systems. Soil moisture tended to be high in furrow irrigation. Irrigation water used was significantly higher in furrow irrigation and lowest in the sensor based drip irrigation. This led to a significantly higher IWUE in sensor based drip irrigation. Farmers evaluation did not detect significant differences in the crops between the irrigation systems. It is concluded that use of sensor based drip irrigation is able to enhance efficiency of irrigation water use while at the same time giving productivity of crops similar to the common methods of irrigation used in ASALs.
Determinants of students learning competencies in agriculture through hands-on experiences
Authors: Lideke Oliver Libese , Ibuathu Njati Charles
Published: December 2022

The overall goal of this study was to assess the implementation of curricula for agricultural courses aimed at equipping students with the requisite emerging competencies that should make them self-reliant after training. Most technical and vocational colleges lack infrastructure such as agricultural laboratories, agricultural tools, equipment and farms for teaching the courses. In Kenya, there is currently no data indicating whether or not students study agricultural courses due to personal interest and conviction or because it was the only option available. The study sought to establish: ways in which teaching methodologies used by teachers’ impact the practical competencies gained by learners through hands on experiences, and find out the perceptions of learners towards pursuing further studies and activities in agricultural disciplines. The study observed 89% of those who had two practical lessons in a term indicated that they can practice agriculture on their own. It is concluded that, most teachers engage resource persons in their teaching. Majority of the teachers do not also embark on field trips with their students to places where students can have a real experience of certain concepts or materials that cannot be made available in their school environment for studies. More studies should be carried to explore ways of infusing value based learning employing modern online techniques that enhance learners’ competencies in their careers. However, the determinants of students learning competencies in agriculture through hands-on experiences during the changing pedagogies global.
Tradition versus change in a time of pandemic
Authors: Wanja Purity , Wanjala Alex , Muchiri Jeniffer
Published: December 2022

This paper explores the varied and complex ways in which allegiance to traditional beliefs and practices impacts a peoples’ health in time of pandemic. Using Meja Mwangi’s The Last Plague as a launching pad, I seek to examine the role of literature in creating awareness during moments of crisis within a society. This paper narrows down to the complexities and contradictions that come into play in the confrontation between indigenous African traditions and the H.I.V A.I.D.S pandemic as portrayed in Meja Mwangi’s novel, The Last Plague. The paper draws from the sociological literary theory and especially the views of Ngugi wa Thiong’o on the relationship between literature and society. On one hand the paper engages with how the author portrays the impact of the plague on the socio-cultural norms, while on the other hand it addresses the inflexibility of the traditions and cultural beliefs and practices as an impediment to the struggle against the spread of the HI.V pandemic as presented in the novel.
The necessity for up-scaling resource mobilization for implementation of competency based curriculum at basics education level
Authors: Ireri Christabel Wegoki , Ibuathu Njati Charles
Published: December 2022

School resources comprise of necessary materials both financial and human. A growth towards evidence-based allocation and utilization of school resources is affected by inadequate capacity of the school managers, ministry of education, parents and non-governmental organizations. Inadequate teaching and learning resources limits individual schools’ strength to make judicial decisions on equitable trade-offs in education resource demand, supply and consumption. This paper sought to identify the locally available resources for utility in competency-based- curriculum implementation; ways of improving the available resources for enhancing teaching and learning; and analyze factors militating against effective mobilization and utilization of resources at basic education level. Online surveys were used in collecting secondary data. Stratified sampling technique was used in obtaining data from journals, internet, textbooks and research reports. The findings showed that the rural urban migration factors significantly affect trained teachers from arid and semi- arid areas by moving away from their local homes to towns in search for jobs. When learners fail to interact adequately with trained teachers, the consequences are dire resulting to poor acquisition of competencies by learners.   The paper established that more than 70% of the teachers teaching at Kakuma Refugee Camp were not sensitive to learner’s plights. Furthermore, 60% of the tutors at Kakuma Refugee Camp are untrained in pedagogical and andragogical skills necessary for giving instructions in competency-based-curriculum. The critical mass of activities under CBC including disciplines such as arts, music, and sports all creates new opportunities of supply chains that present avenues for partnering with organizations that support basic education activities. The paper established that the cost of needed materials and trainings for improving implement the CBC was expensive and therefore; action research could explore avenues for economies of scale by sharing materials, orders and coordinating purchases between and among neighbourhood schools. In conclusion, the national and County government’s department of preprimary and basic education should generate guidance on the use of alternative and low-cost materials for teaching so as to alleviate the persistence shortages of teaching resources.
Online or not? The future of teaching science and research in Africa - case study, Kenya.
Authors: Mbinda Phillis Mutheu
Published: December 2022

The year 2020 forced the whole world to examine its working processes and systems and Sectors. One of the most affected systems was the Educational Sector. This is the most pivotal system which is key to the future of nations and survival of the human race. Africa which has 54 sovereign countries with differing economic status and economies was not spared. Comparative to the developing world, most African countries pre the Covid-19 outbreak, the education sector especially science and research called for stringent and important actions to upgrade to international standards. The closure of schools and institutions of tertiary educations following the pandemic disrupted and threw the sector into disarray. The educators were brought into an abrupt apprehension of the importance and relevance of the internet to the educational sector. But, are the systems in place? This is a process that has many connecting dots and joints which must work hand in hand for the Technological Age at hand for the African Continent.