bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel mobile telemedicine system for real‐time transmission of out‐of‐hospital ECG data for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Otsuka Yoritaka , Yokoyama Hiroyuki , Nonogi Hiroshi
Published: February 2009

The guidelines recommend routine use of 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and advance notification to the emergency department for patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, transmission of out‐of‐hospital 12‐lead ECG to emergency department is still not widely practiced and ECG interpretation before arrival at the emergency department is not established. We have developed a novel mobile telemedicine system to transmit real‐time 12‐lead ECG data between moving ambulances and in‐hospital physicians in cardiovascular emergency cases. When used, this system immediately identifies patients with STEMI and it is coupled to a centralized system to alert the cardiac catheterization teams to prepare for prompt intervention. This report presents the first case with STEMI who was successfully treated using this novel mobile telemedicine system. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Very long‐term results comparing a simple versus a complex stenting strategy in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions
Authors: Sheiban Imad , Andrea Infantino Vincenzo , Colombo Francesco , Bollati Mario , Omedè Pierluigi , Moretti Claudio , Sciuto Filippo , Siliquini Roberta , Chiadò Simone , Paolo Trevi Gian , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe
Published: February 2009

Background:

The optimal stenting strategy for coronary bifurcation lesions has not yet been defined, especially given the lack of very long‐term data (>24 months). We compared our long‐term results of a simple vs complex stenting strategy in patients with bifurcation lesions.

Methods:

We retrospectively selected subjects undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting in a bifurcation lesion between June 2002 and December 2005, comparing those treated with a simple technique vs those treated with a complex one. The primary end‐point was the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at >24 months of follow‐up.

Results:

A total of 326 patients were included, 64.7% treated with a simple technique (Group A) and 35.3% with a complex strategy (Group B). Drug‐eluting stents were used in 82.0% and 73.0%, respectively (P = 0.059), final kissing balloon in 47.9% and 53.0% (P = 0.37), and procedural success obtained in 99.5% and 99.1% (P = 0.66). After a median of 34 months, MACE occurred in 52 (26.5%) in Group A and in 32 (31.4%) in Group B (P = 0.37), cardiac death in six (3.1%) vs four (3.9%, P = 0.70), myocardial infarction in 13 (6.6%) vs 6 (5.9%, P = 0.80), target vessel revascularization in 36 (18.4%) vs 29 (28.4%, P = 0.04), and bypass in five (2.6%) vs two (2%, P = 0.74). Definite stent thrombosis was adjudicated in two (1%) vs one (0.9%, P = 0.98).

Conclusions:

This study, comparing simple and complex stenting strategies for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions, shows that both techniques are associated with favorable clinical results and low adverse events rates at long‐term follow‐up. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modelling of partition constants: linear solvation energy relationships or PLS regression?
Authors: Liu Tao , Öberg Tomas
Published: February 2009

Estimation methods for partition constants are needed in many fields of engineering and science. The partitioning between phases is determined by the free energy of the transfer and all estimation methods must therefore describe the same entity. Linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) try to split the contributions to van der Waals and polar interactions into directly interpretable solute descriptors, while projection‐based regression methods can accomplish a similar dimensionality reduction from a set of theoretical descriptors. Here, we use the partitioning between octanol and water (Kow) and water solubility (Sw) to investigate similarities and differences between LSER and partial least squares regression (PLSR) models. The similarities in model structure are described, and shown to transform into a comparable prediction performance. We also demonstrate the opportunity to accomplish an analogous chemical interpretation of a PLSR model—either directly or through a linear transformation of the PLS factors—as with an LSER model. Much of the alleged difference between the mechanistic or semi‐empirical LSER and the statistical PLSR models will then disappear. The choice of a modelling approach should therefore primarily be driven by the availability of data and predictive performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the “Gluing” Effect of Lithium: The Lithium‐Driven Assembly of Circum‐Arranged, Edge‐Fused Cyclopentadienyl Lithium Compounds and Aza Analogues
Authors: Saá José M. , Yañez Manuel
Published: February 2009

Predictions(DFT/B3LYP calculations) are that cyclopentadienyl lithium edge‐fused to [n]circulenes in a circum‐like manner should self‐assemble as rod‐like, nanometer long, supersandwich compounds (see figure). On the contrary, triazolyl lithium analogues prefer to dimerize thereby giving rise to shell‐like dimers of variable curvatures.

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This study is aimed at exploring M. Etter's (T. W. Panunto, Z. Urbanczyk‐Lipkowska, R. Jonhson, M. Etter,J. Am. Chem. Soc.1987,109, 7786–7797) bottom‐up approach towards the design of organic‐solid sate materials. Guided by the electrostatic paste (“gluing”) effect of lithium, we examined the self‐assembly modes of a series of cyclopentadienyl lithium edge‐fused to benzene, as well as to [n]circulenes, arranged in a circum‐like manner by means of DFT/B3 LYP calculations. We have also examined the self‐assembly modes of the analogous triazolyl derivatives. Generally, well defined trends have been found. Thus, whereas cylcopentadienyl derivatives1,3and5tend to aggregate as rod‐like, nanometer‐long, supersandwich compounds, the corresponding triazolyl analogues2,4and6tend to dimerize thus giving rise to shell‐like dimers of variable curvatures. In our view, M. Etter's bottom‐up approach combined with high level calculations appears to have great potential for designing complex molecular architectures and nanostructures. Hopefully, these studies will spur the activity of synthetic and materials chemists.
Intramolecular Axial Ligation of Zinc Porphyrin Cores with Triazole Links within Dendrimers
Authors: Kimura Mutsumi , Nakano Yasuhiro , Adachi Naoya , Tatewaki Yoko , Shirai Hirofusa , Kobayashi Nagao
Published: February 2009

Stable ligation: A series of dendritic porphyrins, such as that depicted in which benzyl ether dendrons were linked to a porphyrin core through 1,2,3‐triazole links, was synthesized. Absorption and fluorescence spectra showed a stable axial ligation at the zinc center of the porphyrin core by triazole links in dendritic wedges and indicated that the position of the triazole links strongly affected the stability of the axial ligation within the dendrimer.

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A series of dendritic porphyrins 7–9 and 12, in which benzyl ether dendrons were linked to a porphyrin core through 1,2,3‐triazole links, were synthesized by CuI‐catalyzed cycloaddition of azides and alkynes. Absorption and fluorescence spectra showed a stable axial ligation at the zinc center of the porphyrin core by triazole links in dendritic wedges and indicated that the position of the triazole links strongly affected the stability of the axial ligation within the dendrimer. When the porphyrin core was surrounded by aryl ether dendrons having anionic termini and triazole linkers, a significant rate enhancement for photoinduced electron transfer was observed compared with a similar water‐soluble dendritic zinc porphyrin lacking triazole linkers. These triazole links constituted a direct pathway within the dendrimer architecture for electron transfer between the zinc porphyrin core and peripheral electron acceptors.
Enhancing Gelation Ability of a Dendritic Gelator through Complexation with a Polyelectrolyte
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Yang Miao , Zhang Xinjun , Zhang Lichu , Liu Bo , Zheng Ping , Wang Wei
Published: February 2009

Let's stick together: The gelation ability of a dendritic gelator has been enhanced by its complexation with a polyelectrolyte (see figure). This concept provides a route to construct novel functional or ordered materials by complexation of other low‐molecular‐mass functional species with polyelectrolytes.

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A poly(urethane amide) (PUA) dendron with long alkyl chains on its periphery was synthesized and then attached to the backbone of a polyelectrolyte, in which each unit contained a positive charge, by ionizing the carboxyl groups on the apexes of the dendrons to form a dendronized polymer. We found that both the PUA dendron and the dendronized polymer could form organogels in toluene. Interestingly, both the minimum gelation concentration and the gelation time of the dendronized polymer gelator were greatly reduced compared with the dendron alone. Our investigations showed that in the gel phase the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between adjacent dendrons creates similar supramolecular structures in both the dendron and the dendronized polymer gelator, which immobilize solvent molecules by means of interactions between dendrons and solvent molecules. Further studies on the gelation kinetics indicated that the polyelectrolyte backbone plays an important role in prearranging the attached dendritic gelators orderly and quickly into the supramolecular structures through a nucleation–elongation mechanism. Therefore, the gel‐forming ability of the dendritic PUA gelator is enhanced by being complexed with the polyelectrolyte. In this work, this positive macromolecular effect is discussed in detail.
The Azulene Framework as a Novel Arene Bioisostere: Design of Potent Dopamine D4 Receptor Ligands Inducing Penile Erection
Authors: Löber Stefan , Tschammer Nuska , Hübner Harald , Melis Maria Rosaria , Argiolas Antonio , Gmeiner Peter
Published: February 2009

Blue makes it happen: The non‐uniform charge distribution of the blue colored azulene framework is highly suitable for the bioisosteric replacement of bicyclic heteroarene moieties. Showing an analogous binding mode as heterocyclic dopamine D4 receptor‐selective lead compounds, the induction of penile erection in rats over a greater range of doses indicates a putative advantage of the rationally developed azulene derivative 2 b over apomorphine.

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Microsatellite instability, MLH1 promoter methylation, and BRAF mutation analysis in sporadic colorectal cancers of different ethnic groups in Israel
Authors: Vilkin Alex , Niv Yaron , Nagasaka Takeshi , Morgenstern Sarah , Levi Zohar , Fireman Zvi , Fuerst Florentine , Goel Ajay , Boland C. Richard
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND:

The molecular mechanisms that underlie colorectal cancer (CRC) include microsatellite instability (MSI), chromosomal instability, and the CpG island methylator phenotype. There is evidence to suggest that CRC incidence varies among different ethnic populations worldwide. The authors of this report hypothesized that environmental factors and lifestyle differences among various ethnic groups may differentially influence the epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor genes in CRC.

METHODS:

In the current study, microdissection and DNA extraction were performed on 128 samples of CRC from Israeli patients (85 Jews and 43 Arabs). MSI analysis, mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) and mutS homolog 2 (MSH2) protein expression levels, and MLH1 promoter methylation were investigated by combined bisulfite restriction analysis. The v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) valine‐to‐glutamic acid mutation at residue 600 was investigated by direct DNA sequencing.

RESULTS:

High MSI (MSI‐H), MLH1 methylation, and BRAF mutations were observed in 11.6%, 9.4%, and 23.5% of Jews, respectively, and in 16.2%, 17.6%, and 20.9% of Arabs, respectively (P value nonsignificant). MLH1 promoter methylation was observed in 22.6% of microsatellite‐stable (MSS) tumors and in 53.8% of MSI‐H tumors (P < .015). Extensive methylation (covering both 5′ and 3′ promoter regions) was present in all MSI‐H tumors with loss of MLH1 expression. BRAF mutation was observed in 15.6% and 46.1% of MSS tumors and MSI‐H tumors, respectively (P < .007). BRAF mutation was observed in 66%, 22.2%, and 14.7% of patients who had tumors with extensive MLH1 promoter methylation, methylation of the 5′ region alone, or without methylation, respectively (P < .006).

CONCLUSIONS:

There was no difference in molecular signatures examined between Jewish and Arab patients with CRC in Israel. Extensive promoter methylation was associated with MLH1 inactivation, MSI, and BRAF mutation. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Association of progression‐free survival, overall survival, and patient‐reported outcomes by skin toxicity and KRAS status in patients receiving panitumumab monotherapy
Authors: Peeters Marc , Siena Salvatore , Van Cutsem Eric , Sobrero Alberto , Hendlisz Alain , Cascinu Stefano , Kalofonos Haralabos , Devercelli Giovanna , Wolf Michael , Amado Rafael G.
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND:

The authors explored the association of skin toxicity (ST) severity as measured by patient‐reported ST and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grading with efficacy of panitumumab, a fully human antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody, from a phase 3 metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) trial.

METHODS:

Patients were randomized to panitumumab plus best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC alone. ST by modified National Cancer Institute CTCAE v3.0 and modified Dermatology Life Quality Index (mDLQI), health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), and CRC symptoms were measured. ST was analyzed using a landmark approach. Associations by KRAS mutational status were also assessed.

RESULTS:

Of 463 patients, 208 of 231 (90%) panitumumab patients and 184 of 232 (79%) BSC patients had ≥1 postbaseline patient‐reported outcome (PRO) assessment. Panitumumab patients with more severe ST had significantly longer overall survival (OS) (grade 2‐4:grade 1; hazard ratio, 0.60; P = .0033). Lower mDLQI scores (<67; more bothersome ST) were associated with longer OS (Cox model, P < .0001). Similar results were observed with progression‐free survival (PFS). An inverse relation between mDLQI and HRQOL scores was observed, suggesting that ST bother correlated with better HRQOL. KRAS and PRO data were available in 363 patients (188 panitumumab; 175 BSC). Longer OS was associated with lower mDLQI scores, regardless of KRAS status. Longer PFS was associated with more severe ST (lower mDLQI scores and higher CTCAE grade ST) in patients with wild‐type (WT) KRAS tumors, but not in patients with mutant KRAS tumors.

CONCLUSIONS:

More severe ST, by both clinical grading and PRO, is associated with better CRC symptoms and HRQOL and with longer OS and PFS among panitumumab‐treated patients. The associations for PFS were more pronounced in patients with WT KRAS tumors. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Invader human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18 assays as adjuncts to HPV screening of cervical papanicolaou smears with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
Authors: Wong Anna K. , Chan Raymond C. , Nichols W. Stephen , Bose Shikha
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND:

High‐risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is standard practice for triaging women who have Papanicolaou (Pap) smears with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US), however, only 5% to 17% of these women have underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN‐2)/CIN‐3. Recent reports have demonstrated that the presence of either HPV type 16 (HPV‐16) or HPV‐18 confers an elevated risk for CIN‐2/CIN‐3. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence of HPV‐16 and HPV‐18 in ASC‐US Pap smears and to determine whether further typing would enhance the risk stratification of patients for CIN‐2/CIN‐3.

METHODS:

One hundred seventy‐eight Pap smears with ASC‐US were screened retrospectively for HR HPV by using the proprietary Invader screening assay followed by typing for HPV‐16 and HPV‐18 by using Invader type‐specific probes on 100 of the samples. Clinical follow‐up results were correlated with HPV types.

RESULTS:

Fifty‐one percent of the ASC‐US samples were positive for HR HPV, the majority of which (70%) harbored non‐HPV‐16/HPV‐18 HR HPV types; 27% were associated with HPV‐16, whereas only 3% contained HPV‐18. The screening assay indicated that 46% of women who had Pap smears with ASC‐US were in need of further HPV‐16/HPV‐18 typing. Testing for HPV‐16 stratified women with ASC‐US into 3 groups: 1) 14% of women were positive for HPV‐16 and had a high risk (54%) of CIN‐2/CIN‐3 on follow‐up biopsy, 2) 35% of women were positive for non‐HPV‐16 HPV types and had an intermediate risk (9%), and 3) 51% of women were negative for HPV and had a negligible risk for CIN‐2/CIN‐3.

CONCLUSIONS:

The combined application of a proprietary screening assay and a type‐specific HPV‐16 assay demonstrated global potential for the development of tailored management protocols for women who have Pap smears with ASC‐US. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Accuracy of the BRCAPRO model among women with bilateral breast cancer
Authors: Ready Kaylene J. , Vogel Kristen J. , Atchley Deann P. , Broglio Kristine R. , Solomon Kimberly K. , Amos Christopher , Lu Karen H. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Arun Banu
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND:

The likelihood of identifying a BRCA mutation was often calculated using the BRCAPRO model. A previous study suggested that this model may overestimate the chance of detecting a BRCA mutation among women diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer. Studies also suggested that few patients with bilateral breast cancer whose age at first diagnosis is >40 years were mutation carriers. The objectives of this study were to determine the accuracy of the BRCAPRO model among women with bilateral breast cancer and to determine whether their mutation status was dependent on their age at first diagnosis.

METHODS:

A retrospective chart review was performed. Women who were diagnosed with bilateral or unilateral breast cancer and who had undergone comprehensive BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1997 and 2006 were included in the study.

RESULTS:

For individuals with pre‐test carrier probabilities >31%, the proportion of positive tests was significantly lower than predicted by the BRCAPRO model (P < .05). In addition, the carrier rate of BRCA mutations was significantly higher (P = .002, Fisher exact test) in women with bilateral breast cancer whose age at first diagnosis was ≤40 years compared with those diagnosed >40 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

The BRCAPRO model was overestimating the relative contribution bilateral breast cancer had on the likelihood of detecting a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Bilateral breast cancer did not appear to be a good indicator of mutation status, particularly for women whose age at first diagnosis is >40 years. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Factors related to the presentation of thin and thick nodular melanoma from a population‐based cancer registry in Queensland Australia
Authors: Geller Alan C. , Elwood Mark , Swetter Susan M. , Brooks Daniel R. , Aitken Joanne , Youl Philippa H. , Demierre Marie‐France , Baade Peter D.
Published: February 2009

BACKGROUND:

Worldwide, the incidence of thick melanoma has not declined, and the nodular melanoma (NM) subtype accounts for nearly 40% of newly diagnosed thick melanoma. To assess differences between patients with thin (≤2.00 mm) and thick (≥2.01 mm) nodular melanoma, the authors evaluated factors such as demographics, melanoma detection patterns, tumor visibility, and physician screening for NM alone and compared clinical presentation and anatomic location of NM with superficial spreading melanoma (SSM).

METHODS:

The authors used data from a large population‐based study of Queensland (Australia) residents diagnosed with melanoma. Queensland residents aged 20 to 75 years with histologically confirmed first primary invasive cutaneous melanoma were eligible for the study, and all questionnaires were conducted by telephone (response rate, 77.9%).

RESULTS:

During this 4‐year period, 369 patients with nodular melanoma were interviewed, of whom 56.7% were diagnosed with tumors ≤2.00 mm. Men, older individuals, and those who had not been screened by a physician in the past 3 years were more likely to have nodular tumors of greater thickness. Thickest nodular melanoma (4 mm+) was also most common in persons who had not been screened by a physician within the past 3 years (odds ratio, 3.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.47‐9.59). Forty‐six percent of patients with thin nodular melanoma (≤2.00 mm) reported a change in color, compared with 64% of patients with thin SSM and 26% of patients with thick nodular melanoma (>2.00 mm).

CONCLUSIONS:

Awareness of factors related to earlier detection of potentially fatal nodular melanomas, including the benefits of a physician examination, should be useful in enhancing public and professional education strategies. Particular awareness of clinical warning signs associated with thin nodular melanoma should allow for more prompt diagnosis and treatment of this subtype. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Is It Possible to Dope Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene with Sulfur?
Authors: Denis Pablo A. , Faccio Ricardo , Mombru Alvaro W.
Published: February 2009

Sulfur doping of single‐walled carbon nanotubes and graphene is possible from a thermodynamic standpoint, according to DFT calculations. In the case of graphene, the doped sheet can be a small‐band‐gap semiconductor, as revealed by a plot of the band structure (see picture), or it can have better metallic properties than the pristine sheet, depending on the level of S doping.

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Herein, we investigate sulfur substitutional defects in single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene by using first‐principles calculations. The estimated formation energies for the (3,3), (5,5), and (10,0) SWCNTs and graphene lie between 0.9 and 3.8 eV, at sulfur concentrations of 1.7–4 atom %. Thus, from a thermodynamic standpoint, sulfur doping is not difficult. Indeed, these values can be compared with that of 0.7 eV obtained for a nitrogen‐doped (5,5) SWCNT. We suggest that it may be possible to introduce sulfur into the SWCNT framework by employing sulfur‐containing heterocycles. Our simulations indicate that sulfur doping can modify the electronic structure of the SWCNTs and graphene, depending on the sulfur content. In the case of graphene, sulfur doping can induce different effects: the doped sheet can be a small‐band‐gap semiconductor, or it can have better metallic properties than the pristine sheet. Thus, S‐doped graphene may be a smart choice for constructing nanoelectronic devices, since it is possible to modulate the electronic properties of the sheet by adjusting the amount of sulfur introduced. Different synthetic routes to produce sulfur‐doped graphene are discussed.
Differential Sensing of Serine and Tyrosine with Aligned CdS Nanowire Arrays Based on pH‐Dependent Photoluminescence Behavior
Authors: Lin Yi‐Feng , Hsu Yung‐Jung , Cheng Wei‐Yun , Lu Shih‐Yuan
Published: February 2009

Up and down: Differential sensing of serine and tyrosine is achieved with aligned CdS nanowire arrays by exploring the pH‐dependent PL behavior of the nanowire arrays toward exposure to the two amino acid solutions (see picture).

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The differential sensing of tyrosine and serine is achieved with well‐aligned CdS nanowire arrays by exploring the pH‐dependent photoluminescence behavior of the nanowire arrays toward exposure to the two amino acid solutions. The contrasting trend in photoluminescence (PL) intensity with respect to variations in analyte concentration observed at pH 11 served as the check point for the present differential sensing. The application format of the nanowire array is better suited for further sensing device assembly than that of nanocrystal suspensions.
Bericht über die 68. Sitzung des Ständigen Ausschusses für das Bauwesen
Authors: Springborn Matthias
Published: February 2009

Am 10. und 11. November 2008 fand die 68. Sitzung des Ständigen Ausschusses für das Bauwesen (StAB) in Brüssel statt. Den Vorsitz hatte der Leiter des Referats “Baugewerbe” bei den Kommissionsdiensten.

Im Folgenden werden die wesentlichen Beratungsinhalte kurz wiedergegeben.

1. Berichte über die Ergebnisse verschiedener europäischer Arbeitsgruppen

2. Harmonisierte Normen

3. Änderung zweier Mandate an EOTA

4. Kommissionsentscheidungen

5. Mandate

6. Entwurf einer Verordnung über Bauprodukte

7. Verordnung über gegenseitige Anerkennung

8. Sonstiges
Erläuterung der Regelung von dämmschichtbildenden Baustoffen
Authors: Dierke Sabine
Published: February 2009

1. Zulassungsgegenstand

2. Zulassungsgrundsätze

3. Zulassungsverfahren

4. Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung für dämmschichtbildende Baustoffe

5. Änderungen am Bauprodukt “Dämmschichtbildender Baustoff”

6. Fremdüberwachung

7. Eigenüberwachung – Werkseigene Produktionskontrolle
Bericht über die DIBt‐Tagung “Dübel und Verankerungen – Planung und Anwendungen”
Authors: Feistel Georg
Published: February 2009

Am 21. November 2008 veranstaltete das Deutsche Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt) eine Tagung zum Thema Dübel und Verankerungen – Planung und Anwendungen. Sie fand im Rahmen einer Veranstaltungsreihe zum 40‐jährigen Jubiläum des DIBt statt.

Die Tagung richtete sich an Planer, Anwender, Fachbetriebe, Sachverständige und Behörden. Es war das Ziel, über den derzeitigen Stand in der Befestigungstechnik zu informieren und die richtige, zulassungskonforme Planung und Anwendung von Dübeln und Verankerungen vorzustellen. Über 110 Teilnehmer folgten der Einladung nach Berlin, um sich intensiv über die Entwicklung der Zulassungen in der Befestigungstechnik zu informieren.

Unter Moderation von Dr.‐Ing. habil. Klaus Block (TU Dortmund) und Dipl.‐Ing. Georg Feistel (DIBt) wurden in acht Vorträgen die aktuellsten Entwicklungen im Zulassungswesen der Befestigungstechnik aufgezeigt und dazu folgende Themen umfassend erläutert:

– Bauaufsichtliche Grundlagen, Zulassungen in der Befestigungstechnik im Wandel Europas

– Zulassungen für Verbundanker – eine Übersicht über Produkte und Bemessung

– Vorgehängte hinterlüftete Fassaden – Befestigungen und Verankerungen

– Kunststoffdübel – neue Zulassungsgeneration

– Bemessen von Dübeln unter zyklischen Einwirkungen

– Vermeidbare Qualitätseinbuße – Dübel auf dem Weg vom Hersteller zur Baustelle

– Neues Bemessungskonzept für Ankerschienen – von abZ zur ETA

– Einbetonierte Verankerungen
Countertransference reactions to adolescents with eating disorders: Relationships to clinician and patient factors
Authors: Satir Dana A. , Thompson‐Brenner Heather , Boisseau Christina L. , Crisafulli Michele A.
Published: February 2009

Objective:

Clinical report suggests that therapists have strong and sometimes difficult‐to‐manage reactions to patients with eating disorders (EDs); however, systematic research is largely absent. The purpose of this study was to explore the emotional responses, or countertransference (CT) reactions, clinicians experience when working with patients with EDs, and to identify clinician, patient, and therapy variables associated with these responses.

Method:

One hundred twenty clinicians reported on multiple variables related to an adolescent female patient they were treating for an ED.

Results:

Six patterns of reactions were identified: angry/frustrated, warm/competent, aggressive/sexual, failing/incompetent, bored/angry at parents and overinvested/worried feelings. The factors showed meaningful relationships across clinician demographics, patient characteristics, and treatment techniques.

Discussion:

Overall, clinician's reactions were most frequently associated with the clinician's gender, patient's level of functioning and improvement during treatment, and patient personality style. These issues have important implications for treatment, training and supervision. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Treating childhood obesity: Family background variables and the child's success in a weight‐control intervention
Authors: Pott Wilfried , Albayrak Özgür , Hebebrand Johannes , Pauli‐Pott Ursula
Published: February 2009

Objective

To analyze whether caregiver and family characteristics predict success in a family‐based lifestyle intervention program for children and adolescents.

Method

Participants were 111 overweight and obese children (7–15 years) who attended a family‐based weight‐reduction program. Body mass index (BMI) and BMI standard deviation scores (BMI‐SDS) of index child, and BMI of family members, family adversity characteristics, depression, and attachment attitudes of the primary caregiver were assessed.

Results

Risk of nonresponse (≤5% reduction of BMI‐SDS or dropout) was elevated in older children, cases with obese sibling(s), maternal depression, and avoidant attachment attitude. In a logistic regression analysis, maternal depression, attachment attitude, and age of index child explained common variance whereas the presence of obese siblings explained unique variance in nonresponding.

Discussion

To meet the specific needs of all participating families and to prevent the discouraging experience of failure in weight‐control interventions, our data suggest that special support should be provided to adolescents with obese siblings, and cases of maternal depression, and avoidant attachment attitude. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
DMBT1 functions as pattern‐recognition molecule for poly‐sulfated and poly‐phosphorylated ligands
Authors: End Caroline , Bikker Floris , Renner Marcus , Bergmann Gaby , Lyer Stefan , Blaich Stephanie , Hudler Melanie , Helmke Burkhard , Gassler Nikolaus , Autschbach Frank , Ligtenberg Antoon J. M , Benner Axel , Holmskov Uffe , Schirmacher Peter , Nieuw Amerongen Arie V. , Rosenstiel Philip , Sina Christian , Franke Andre , Hafner Mathias , Kioschis Petra , Schreiber Stefan , Poustka Annemarie , Mollenhauer Jan
Published: February 2009

Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) is a secreted glycoprotein displaying a broad bacterial‐binding spectrum. Recent functional and genetic studies linked DMBT1 to the suppression of LPS‐induced TLR4‐mediated NF‐κB activation and to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Here, we aimed at unraveling the molecular basis of its function in mucosal protection and of its broad pathogen‐binding specificity. We report that DMBT1 directly interacts with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and carrageenan, a structurally similar sulfated polysaccharide, which is used as a texturizer and thickener in human dietary products. However, binding of DMBT1 does not reduce the cytotoxic effects of these agents to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. DSS and carrageenan compete for DMBT1‐mediated bacterial aggregation via interaction with its bacterial‐recognition motif. Competition and ELISA studies identify poly‐sulfated and poly‐phosphorylated structures as ligands for this recognition motif, such as heparansulfate, LPS, and lipoteichoic acid. Dose–response studies in Dmbt1−/− and Dmbt1+/+ mice utilizing the DSS‐induced colitis model demonstrate a differential response only to low but not to high DSS doses. We propose that DMBT1 functions as pattern‐recognition molecule for poly‐sulfated and poly‐phosphorylated ligands providing a molecular basis for its broad bacterial‐binding specificity and its inhibitory effects on LPS‐induced TLR4‐mediated NF‐κB activation.
Thermodynamic Properties of Nd1+xBa2–x­Cu3Oy Compounds and Their Application for Optimizing the Synthesis of Superconducting Materials
Authors: Zelenina Ludmila N. , Chusova Tamara P. , Matskevich Nata I. , Naumov Victor N. , Stenin Yuri G. , Krabbes Gernot
Published: February 2009

The standard enthalpies of formation from oxides of Nd1+xBa2–xCu3Oy, where x = 0–0.8 and y = 6.65–7.24, were determined by using dissolution enthalpies of these compounds measured by solution calorimetry. The temperature dependence of the heat capacity of NdBa2Cu3O6.87 wasmeasured over the range 5–320 K by adiabatic calorimetry. The absolute entropy, S°(T), the enthalpy of heating, H°(T K) – H°(0 K), and the reduced Gibbs energy, Φ°(T) = S°(T) – [H°(T) – H°(0)]/T, were calculated by using the temperature dependence of Cp in the interval 0–320 K. The heat capacity and absolute entropy of NdBa2Cu3O6.87 over the temperature range 320–1380 K were estimated by methods of quantum chemistry with use of the temperature dependence of Cp at low temperatures. A thermodynamic simulation was performed on the basis of the obtained data, and the conditions for synthesis of the NdBa2Cu3O6.9 phase were determined.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Novel Lactone Chamigrene‐Derived Metabolites from Laurencia majuscula
Authors: Díaz‐Marrero Ana R. , Brito Inmaculada , de la Rosa José M. , D'Croz Luis , Fabelo Oscar , Ruiz‐Pérez Catalina , Darias José , Cueto Mercedes
Published: February 2009

Gomerolactones A–D along with the known majusculone, obtusol, and elatol were isolated from Laurencia majuscula, and their structures were determined spectroscopically. With the aid of Pirkle's reagent at low temperature, NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the absolute configuration at the ring closure carbon atom of a α‐alkylidene‐γ‐lactone and an α‐alkylidene‐δ‐lactone unit embedded in the chamigrene network of compounds 1 and 2, respectively. The absolute stereochemistry of compounds 3 and 4 was determined by X‐ray analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Monitoring Heavy Metals in Seawater by Their Electrochemically Induced Deposition as Hydroxides
Authors: Eldan Michael , Shoham Tamar , Erel Yigal , Mandler Daniel
Published: February 2009

A novel method for monitoring heavy metals in seawater is presented. The method is based on the electrochemical codeposition of metal hydroxides driven by the change of pH at the surface of a gold electrode. Altering the pH is achieved by applying a negative potential or current that reduces the water and thereby increases the concentration of hydroxyl ions. This, in turn, causes metals to coprecipitate with Mg(OH)2. The continuous deposition enriches the precipitate with the metals (as compared with their concentration in the aqueous phase) and allows their determination by ICP‐MS upon dissolving the deposit. A set of experiments in which seawater was spiked with 1–10 ppm of Cu, Cr, Co, Zn and Pb, was conducted. It was observed that metals were accumulated in the precipitate as a function of time and their concentration in seawater. The precipitates were analyzed by SEM, EDS and XPS indicating that the metal hydroxides formed a separate phase from Mg(OH)2 and even water electroreducible metals, e.g., Cu2+, preferentially precipitated as hydroxides. Distribution constants correlating the concentrations of the metals in the deposited salts to their concentrations in seawater were calculated. These calculations imply that the mechanism governing the precipitation of the metal hydroxides by the electrochemically induced process is likely to be kinetically and mass‐transport driven rather than thermodynamically controlled.
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Aptamer‐Based Electrochemical Sensors for Thrombin
Authors: Tan Emelyn S. Q. , Wivanius Ridha , Toh Chee‐Seng
Published: February 2009

Nanomolar concentrations of thrombin were electrochemically monitored using heterogeneous switch‐on and homogeneous switch‐off approaches that incorporated ferrocenyl aptamers. For the first time, the heterogeneous approach was coupled to a glucose/glucose oxidase (GOx) amplification‐regeneration system which increased its sensitivity by 2 folds with detection limits of 4.3 nM and 2.5 nM in the absence and presence of glucose/GOx, respectively. We also present a new homogeneous system involving the ferrocenyl aptamer binding thrombin in solution causing a significant decrease in its diffusion coefficient. Thus the ferrocene anodic current decreased at an unmodified gold electrode with detection limit of 3.9 nM and 12 times larger linear range than the heterogeneous method.
Prediction of survival in Alzheimer's disease—The LASER‐AD longitudinal study
Authors: Paradise Matt , Walker Zuzana , Cooper Claudia , Blizard Robert , Regan Ciaran , Katona Cornelius , Livingston Gill
Published: February 2009

Objectives

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with variable but shortened life expectancy. Knowing expected survival time may empower people with AD and their families, but clinicians currently have limited predictive information. Our objective was to identify determinants of survival in a cohort of people with mild to moderate AD and test these on a separate validation cohort.

Methods

We followed a representative cohort of 158 people for 42 months and identified independent determinants of shorter survival. From these we constructed the Survival in Alzheimer's Model (SAM), and tested this on a validation cohort.

Results

Baseline constructional apraxia, age and gait apraxia independently predicted shorter survival: about half of those scoring 2 on the SAM survived ≥3.5 years compared to 85% of those scoring 0.

Conclusions

The SAM is a potentially useful tool for clinicians who previously had very limited specific and quantitative prognostic information to tell AD patients and carers. This model predicted survival from age, constructional and gait apraxia. This may be because constructional and gait apraxia are relatively free from educational or cultural bias and thus are better indicators of severe neuropathology than global cognitive tests. Alternatively, they may increase falls or immobility, or represent disease sub‐types with worse prognoses. Oncology services are able to inform patients and their families about 5‐year survival rates. This step towards such provision in AD is new and of potential importance to patients and their carers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Central adenoid cystic carcinoma of the mandible with odontogenic features: Report of a case
Authors: Mahomed Farzana , Altini Mario , Meer Shabnum , Rikhotso Ephraim , Pearl Craig
Published: February 2009

Background

Primary intraosseous salivary‐type adenocarcinomas are rare neoplasms of uncertain histogenesis. The prevailing theories suggest origin from heterotopic salivary glands, odontogenic rests, or cystic epithelium.

Methods

A case of central adenoid cystic carcinoma is reported in a 53‐year‐old woman who presented with a painless swelling in the anterior segment of her lower jaw. Radiographic examination confirmed the presence of an expansile, radiolucent lesion within the mandible with a multilocular appearance. On light microscopy analysis, areas showing cribriform and tubular growth patterns; admixed cysts, some of which were characterized by the presence of localized plaque‐like thickenings of their epithelial linings; and the formation of aberrant dental hard tissue were observed.

Results

The radiographic and histomorphologic findings highlight the potential misdiagnosis of this rare tumor. The findings also draw attention to an embryologic histogenetic concept for some central salivary neoplasms.

Conclusion

The divergent salivary and odontogenic differentiation evident in this tumor signifies the pluripotential nature of derivatives of oral ectoderm. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Anterolateral thigh free flap for tracheal reconstruction after parastomal recurrence
Authors: Caliceti Umberto , Piccin Ottavio , Cavicchi Ottavio , Contedini Federico , Cipriani Riccardo
Published: February 2009

Background

Stomal recurrence after total laryngectomy is 1 of the most serious issues in head and neck surgery, both because of the complexity of its management and because of its morbidity. Prior to the introduction of free‐tissue transfer, mediastinal tracheostomy has been the standard reconstructive procedure with high rate of complications. The ideal reconstructive solution to these problems must provide well‐vascularized soft tissues that can cover the defect after resection and also allow suturing of the tracheal remnant to skin edges without tension.

Methods and Results

We describe a case of a 56‐year‐old man with stomal recurrence after total laryngectomy treated by the use of a tubed anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap to elongate the shortened trachea and simultaneously cover the cervical skin defect.

Conclusions

The ALT can be accepted as an ideal free‐flap choice for stomal recurrence, because it has maximal reconstructive capacity and produces minimal donor‐site morbidity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: Efficacy of positron emission tomography and computed tomography for determining primary tumor response during induction chemotherapy
Authors: Chepeha Douglas B. , Sacco Assuntina G. , Oxford Lance E , Karamchandani Rahul , Miller Tamara H. , Teknos Theodoros N. , Bradford Carol R. , Eisbruch Avraham , Worden Frank M. , Urba Susan G. , Mukherji Suresh K. , Bui Chuong , Frey Kirk A. , Wolf Gregory T. , Lee Julia S.
Published: February 2009

Background

To evaluate the efficacy of fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose emission tomography (FDG‐PET) and CT versus endoscopy with biopsy under general anesthesia for estimating tumor volume reduction among patients treated with induction chemotherapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx.

Methods

Twelve patients with oropharyngeal SCC nested in a phase II, induction chemoradiation, organ preservation trial (University of Michigan Cancer Center 9921) underwent tumor volume reduction estimation as assessed by FDG‐PET, CT, and endoscopy with biopsy.

Results

In 9 of 12 patients, FDG‐PET, CT, and endoscopy demonstrated agreement in estimation of tumor reduction. Two patients had discordant results, whereas 1 patient was inadequately evaluated with FDG‐PET. The kappa value for PET versus endoscopy was 0.62, which is categorized as substantial agreement. The kappa value for CT versus endoscopy was 0.40, which is categorized as fair agreement.

Conclusion

FDG‐PET may be as efficacious as endoscopy with biopsy under general anesthesia for estimating tumor volume reduction with induction chemotherapy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
National Cancer Database report on cancer of the head and neck: 10‐Year update
Authors: Cooper Jay S. , Porter Kim , Mallin Katherine , Hoffman Henry T. , Weber Randal S. , Ang Kian K. , Gay E. Greer , Langer Corey J.
Published: February 2009

Background

We sought to examine the current state of cancer care for head and neck tumors in the United States. We therefore performed a retrospective, longitudinal study of the approximately 822,000 head and neck cancer cases included in the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) for 1990 through 2004, representing approximately 75% of the estimated incident diagnoses in the United States.

Methods

All cases of head and neck cancer diagnosed and reported to the NCDB during this interval were reviewed, and descriptive statistics, grouped by disease and host factors, were analyzed over time and compared with a prior similar analysis done 10 years ago.

Results

Although many similarities persist, several major changes in head and neck cancer have occurred, most notably (1) a decrease in the number of the older‐aged patients who have mucosally derived squamous cell carcinomas coupled with an increase in the number of younger‐aged patients who have thyroid‐origin adenocarcinomas and (2) a decrease in the use of radiation therapy alone for treatment in favor of chemotherapy enhanced radiation therapy.

Conclusion

Head and neck cancers include a heterogeneous group of tumors whose precise composition changes over time and whose therapy evolves as well. The NCDB is well suited to capture this information and provide both an analysis of the current state of cancer care for head and neck tumors and a longitudinal view over time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Usefulness of 201TL SPECT/CT relative to 18F‐FDG PET/CT in detecting recurrent skull base nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yen Ruoh‐Fang , Ting Lai‐Lei , Cheng Mei‐Fang , Wu Yen‐Wen , Tzen Kai‐Yuan , Hong Ruey‐Long
Published: February 2009

Background

This study was designed to compare 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT with 18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) PET/CT in diagnosing recurrent skull base nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

Twenty‐seven patients were recruited. Both 201Tl SPECT/CT and 18F‐FDG PET/CT for each patient were performed at least 4 months later after initial therapy.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity for 201Tl SPECT/CT were 66.7% and 100%, and those for 18F‐FDG PET/CT were 86.7% and 75.0%. Lesion/background ratios were obtained for the 10 lesions that were both SPECT and PET true positive. For the 8 patients with recurrences in nasopharyngeal regions, PET lesion/background ratios were all higher than SPECT lesion/background ratios. For the 2 patients with intracranial metastases, SPECT lesion/background ratios were higher than PET lesion/background ratios.

Conclusion

201Tl SPECT/CT is as effective as 18F‐FDG PET/CT in detecting recurrent NPC. For intracranial recurrence, 201Tl SPECT, because of its high intracranial lesion/background ratio, is probably better than 18F‐FDG PET. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
N‐acetyl cysteine prevents polymethyl methacrylate bone cement extract‐induced cell death and functional suppression of rat primary osteoblasts
Authors: Aita Hideki , Tsukimura Naoki , Yamada Masahiro , Hori Norio , Kubo Katsutoshi , Sato Naoko , Maeda Hatsuhiko , Kimoto Katsuhiko , Ogawa Takahiro
Published: February 2009

This study examines the cytotoxicity of bone cement extract to osteoblasts and the potential detoxification and restoration of osteoblastic function by an antioxidant amino acid, N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC). The osteoblastic cells derived from rat femurs were cultured with extract from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)‐based bone cement. The calcein and ethidium homodimer staining of the cells after 24‐h incubation showed that 23.0% of the cells were dead in the culture with bone cement extract, while the addition of 5 mM NAC into the culture reduced the percentage to 4.3%. Annexin V and propidium iodide‐based flow cytometric analysis also revealed that the apoptotic cells present at 15.8% in the culture with bone cement extract was reduced to 2.4% in the culture cotreated with bone cement extract and NAC. Severely suppressed alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization in the culture with bone cement extract (reduced to 10% and 5%, respectively, compared with the control culture) were restored to a normal level when treated with 5 mM NAC. The bone cement extract‐induced, downregulated expression of osteoblastic genes, such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen I, and osteocalcin, was also restored to the baseline level by cotreatment with NAC. The data indicated that the addition of NAC into acrylic bone cement extract remarkably ameliorated the cytotoxicity to osteoblasts and restored their phenotype and function to a biologically significant degree, suggesting the potential usefulness of NAC in developing more biocompatible acrylic bone cement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010