bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
War, Spectacle, and Politics in the Ancient Andes
Authors: Arkush Elizabeth N.
Published: March 2022

Warfare in the pre-Columbian Andes took on many forms, from inter-village raids to campaigns of conquest. Andean societies also created spectacular performances and artwork alluding to war – acts of symbolism that worked as political rhetoric while drawing on ancient beliefs about supernatural beings, warriors, and the dead. In this book, Elizabeth Arkush disentangles Andean warfare from Andean war-related spectacle and offers insights into how both evolved over time. Synthesizing the rich archaeological record of fortifications, skeletal injury, and material evidence, she presents fresh visions of war and politics among the Moche, Chimú, Inca, and pre-Inca societies of the conflict-ridden Andean highlands. The changing configurations of Andean power and violence serve as case studies to illustrate a sophisticated general model of the different forms of warfare in pre-modern societies. Arkush's book makes the complex pre-history of Andean warfare accessible by providing a birds-eye view of its major patterns and contrasts.
TRADE COUNTERMEASURES FOR BREACHES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW OUTSIDE THE WTO
Authors: Azaria Danae
Published: March 2022

This article challenges the widely held view that WTO Members are not permitted to impose trade restrictions on other WTO Members in the form of countermeasures for breaches of international law. It cautions that this generally held view has wider implications for international law and multilateralism because countermeasures are a significant means of enforcing and preserving the normative integrity of international obligations outside the WTO, includingerga omnesanderga omnes partesobligations. Arguments supporting their ‘displacement’ must be based on clear evidence, which this article shows to be lacking. This article also attempts to allay the (understandable but perhaps exaggerated) concern that such countermeasures might undermine the predictability of the WTO system. Trade countermeasures for breaches of extra-WTO obligations are subject to stringent conditions under customary international law and to judicial scrutiny by means of WTO adjudication, both of which minimise the space for abuse and the risk of unpredictability.
Sea turtle strandings along a semiarid coast in the western equatorial Atlantic
Authors: Perazo Zaíra M. , Monteiro Cibele C. , Agostinho Karoline Fernanda Ferreira , Carvalho Vitor L. , Pereira Letícia G. , de Oliveira Cinthya L. , Vieira Faria Vicente
Published: March 2022

For decades, the Brazilian north-east coast has been a recognized feeding area for five sea turtle species. However, it still lacks information about stranding patterns. A decade of a beach monitoring programme (from 2010–2019) provided information on the composition, abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of stranded sea turtle species along a semiarid coast in the western equatorial Atlantic. A total of 905 individuals of four species were recorded in a route of ~130 km. The most stranded group was the juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas), followed by Lepidochelys olivacea, Eretmochelys imbricata and Caretta caretta. The strandings present a seasonal and geographic pattern, and therefore any conservation measure to be implemented must consider these patterns. Also, the possible occurrence of fibropapillomatosis tumours calls for additional studies to understand its causes. Lastly, stranded sea turtles eventually show marks of fishery interaction, which indicate the need for environmental education programmes with fishing communities.
‘It’s Not Just About a Rainbow Lanyard’: How Structural Cisnormativity Undermines the Enactment of Anti-Discrimination Legislation in the Welsh Homelessness Service
Authors: ENGLAND EDITH
Published: March 2022

Trans people1 – those whose gender identity does not match that assigned to them at birth – are at considerably elevated risk of homelessness, reflecting their marginalized legal, bureaucratic and socio-economic status2. Recent substantial international expansion to the medico-legal rights afforded them operates in tension with cisnormative welfare structures. Based upon a Critical Discourse Analysis of interviews with 35 trans people with experience of homeless in Wales, UK, alongside 12 workers in the system, I argue that anti-discrimination legislation is insufficient in its current form to prevent discrimination against trans people. I suggest that, without addressing deeper structural cisnormativity, service provision for trans people experiencing homelessness and other forms of social marginalisation will remain inadequate. This argument rests upon the following findings. (1) Failing to consider exclusion at a structural level leads to system-gaps and misunderstandings, producing poor service experiences. (2) The specific needs of trans applicants are under considered in system planning, reducing scope for meaningful homelessness interventions. (3) An equalities approach can produce a reductive and potentially pathologizing focus upon trans identity, diverting from specific individual needs. I conclude that provision of inclusive services necessitates consideration of the impact of deep cisnormative assumptions in service design and delivery, and their resultant exclusion of trans people.
Fine structure of micropylar regions of Cobitis hankugensis, Iksookimia longicorpa and their unisexual natural hybrids
Authors: Yun Seung Woon , Park Jong Young
Published: March 2022

Iksookimia longicorpa and Cobitis hankugensis are two species of fish distributed only on the Korean Peninsula. They have a unique reproductive ecology that naturally hybridizes into three widely known unisexual types, maintaining populations of almost all females. In this study, the fine structure of the micropyles of I. longicorpa, C. hankugensis and their hybrids was analyzed to find out how egg–sperm interaction, a common interspecies isolation mechanism, is possible between heterogeneous species. Analysis of 30 eggs from five females of each species revealed that all had one funnel-shaped micropylar region and a manhole-shaped micropyle canal. With the exception of C. hankugensis, which had no spiral grooves or ridges, the rest had counterclockwise spiral grooves and ridges on the micropylar region. All five species, however, showed identical groove patterns for the micropyle canal. The egg size was the largest in HL (one from the C. hankugensis locus with one from the I. longicorpa locus) and the smallest in C. hankugensis. In the hybrids, the HL type had the largest egg and HHL (two from the C. hankugensis locus with one from the I. longicorpa locus) type the smallest. For the diameter of the micropylar region and micropyle canal, the diploid I. longicorpa, C. hankugensis and HL were smaller than those of the triploid. In addition, as the ratio of the canal diameter to the eggs was lower in I. longicorpa than in C. hankugensis, it was confirmed that I. longicorpa has a relatively small micropyle canal compared with C. hankugensis.
Rifting of the Kalahari Craton Through Botswana? New Seismic Evidence
Authors: Paulssen H. , Micallef T. , Bouwman D. R. , Ruigrok E. , Herman M. W. , Fadel I. , van der Meijde Mark , Kwadiba M. , Maritinkole J. , Ntibinyane O.
Published: March 2022

Botswana is a country with relatively low seismic activity that experienced an unexpected Mw 6.5 earthquake on 3 April 2017. Using data from the first countrywide seismic network, we established a Botswana earthquake catalog for the period January 2014 to February 2018. Two areas of elevated seismic activity were detected. The first one is the Okavango Rift Zone in northern Botswana, an area that is known to be active. The other one is associated with the 2017 mainshock and its aftershocks in central Botswana; it follows the Paleoproterozoic suture between the Limpopo Belt and the Kaapvaal Craton. Double‐difference relocation of these events revealed a reactivated fault system with a northwesterly strike with the aftershocks occurring at shallower depths than the mainshock at 29 km. The focal mechanisms of the mainshock and selected aftershocks are of normal faulting type with strikes similar to the orientation of the fault system. The unidirectional rupture of the mainshock in the lower crust combined with the upward migration of the aftershocks along the Moiyabana Fault and a thin low velocity anomaly the uppermost mantle are consistent with the events being produced by eclogitization of a dry metastable granulite facies rock by fluid intrusion from the mantle in an extensional stress regime. The Okavango Rift Zone is generally interpreted as the terminus of the southwestern branch of the East African Rift System. We suggest that the recent earthquakes in central Botswana may be considered as the southern continuation of this branch.
Downregulation of MEIS1 mediated by ELFN1-AS1/EZH2/DNMT3a axis promotes tumorigenesis and oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Yimin , Gan Yaqi , Liu Jiaxin , Li Juanni , Zhou Zhengwei , Tian Ruotong , Sun Ruizheng , Liu Jiaqi , Xiao Qing , Li Yuanyuan , Lu Pengyan , Peng Yulong , Peng Yuqian , Shu Guang , Yin Gang
Published: March 2022

Oxaliplatin is widely used in the frontline treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), but an estimated 50% of patients will eventually stop responding to treatment due to acquired resistance. This study revealed that diminished MEIS1 expression was detected in CRC and harmed the survival of CRC patients. MEIS1 impaired CRC cell viabilities and tumor growth in mice and enhanced CRC cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin by preventing DNA damage repair. Mechanistically, oxaliplatin resistance following MEIS1 suppression was critically dependent on enhanced FEN1 expression. Subsequently, we confirmed that EZH2-DNMT3a was assisted by lncRNA ELFN1-AS1 in locating the promoter of MEIS1 to suppress MEIS1 transcription epigenetically. Based on the above, therapeutics targeting the role of MEIS1 in oxaliplatin resistance were developed and our results suggested that the combination of oxaliplatin with either ELFN1-AS1 ASO or EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 could largely suppress tumor growth and reverse oxaliplatin resistance. This study highlights the potential of therapeutics targeting ELFN1-AS1 and EZH2 in cell survival and oxaliplatin resistance, based on their controlling of MEIS1 expression, which deserve further verification as a prospective therapeutic strategy.
Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist alleviates psoriasis-like inflammation through inhibition of the STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Yiwen , Lian Panpan , Peng Ziqi , Wazir Junaid , Ma Chujun , Wei Lulu , Li Li , Liu Jun , Zhao Chen , Pu Wenyuan , Wang Hongwei , Su Zhonglan
Published: March 2022

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease; it has been discovered that stimulation of the nervous system increases susceptibility to psoriasis. Although the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, which is mediated by the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), is critical for controlling multiple types of inflammation, its expression pattern and pathogenesis function in psoriatic lesioned skin tissue are unknown. We hereby analyzed the expression of α7nAchR in human and mouse psoriatic skin tissue. In vivo, PNU-282987 or Methyllycaconitine, a specific agonist or antagonist of α7nAchR, were administered to imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic mouse models. The macroscopic appearance and histopathological features of the psoriatic mice skin were evaluated. In addition, cell proliferation and differentiation markers were investigated. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from the lesioned skin, as well as the activation of the relevant signaling pathways, were measured. Our findings indicated that psoriatic lesional skin expressed an increased level of α7nAChR, with its tissue distribution being primarily in skin keratinocytes and macrophages. In an IMQ-induced murine psoriasis model, α7nAChR agonist PNU-282987 treatment alleviated psoriasis-like inflammation by down-regulating the expression of multiple types of pro-inflammatory mediators and normalized keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, whereas α7nAChR antagonist treatment exacerbated its effect. Mechanically, we observed that activation of the α7nAChR inhibited the activation of the STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in in vitro cultured HaCaT cells induced by Th17-related cytokine IL-6/IL-22 or Th1-related cytokine TNF-α. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that attenuation of psoriatic inflammation via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is dependent on α7nAChR activation.
Ablation of Cbl-b and c-Cbl in dendritic cells causes spontaneous liver cirrhosis via altering multiple properties of CD103+ cDC1s
Authors: Xu Fei , Liu Chen , Dong Yongli , Wu Wenyan , Xu Jie , Yan Yunqiu , Shao Yu , Hao Chuangli , Yang Yi , Zhang Jinping
Published: March 2022

The Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) family proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases implicated in the regulation of various immune cells. However, their function in dendritic cells (DCs) remains unclear. To investigate the role of Cbl family members in DCs, we created dendritic cell double-deficient Casitas B lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) and Casitas B lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) mice by crossing Cbl-b−/− mice with c-Cblflox/flox CD11c-Cre+ mice. We found that specific deletion of Cbl-b and c-Cbl in CD11c+ cells, predominantly in DCs, led to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and accumulation of systemic conventional Type I DCs (cDC1s) due to enhanced cell proliferation and decreased cell apoptosis. In addition to a change in DC number, double knockout (dKO) cDC1s exhibited a partially activated status as indicated by high basal expression levels of certain cytokines and possessed an enhanced capacity to prime T cells. After adoptive transfer, dKO cDC1s could drive liver fibrosis too. In further experiments, we demonstrated that Cbl-b and c-Cbl could target signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), a transcriptional repressor for the pro-apoptotic protein Bim, to promote ubiquitination-mediated degradation and cell apoptosis in cDC1s. Further extensive experiments revealed that Cbl-b mediated K27-linked ubiquitination of lysine 164 of STAT5a while c-Cbl induced K29-linked ubiquitination of lysine 696 of STAT5a and K27-linked ubiquitination of lysine 140 and 694 of STAT5b. Thus, our findings indicate a functional redundancy of Cbl-b and c-Cbl in cDC homeostasis and maturation.
Antennae of psychodid and sphaerocerid flies respond to a high variety of floral scent compounds of deceptive Arum maculatum L.
Authors: Gfrerer Eva , Laina Danae , Wagner Rüdiger , Gibernau Marc , Hörger Anja C. , Comes Hans Peter , Dötterl Stefan
Published: March 2022

Insect-pollinated plants often release complex mixtures of floral scents to attract their pollinators. Yet scent compounds eliciting physiological or behavioural responses in pollinators have only been identified in few plant species. The sapromyiophilous aroid Arum maculatum releases a highly diverse dung-like scent with overall more than 300 different compounds recorded so far to attract its psychodid and other fly pollinators. The volatiles’ role in pollinator attraction is mostly unknown. To identify potential behaviourally active compounds, we recorded electroantennographic responses of four Psychodidae and one Sphaeroceridae species to (1) inflorescence scents of A. maculatum and (2) the scents released by cow dung, likely imitated by the plant species. Here we show that these flies are sensitive to 78 floral volatiles of various chemical classes, 18 of which were also found in cow dung. Our study, which for the first time determined physiologically active compounds in the antennae of Psychoda spp. and Sphaeroceridae, identified various volatiles not known to be biologically active in any floral visitors so far. The obtained results help deciphering the chemical basis that enables A. maculatum and other plants, pollinated by psychodids and sphaerocerids, to attract and deceive their pollinators.
Better Understanding of the Metamorphosis of Pregnancy (BUMP): protocol for a digital feasibility study in women from preconception to postpartum
Authors: Goodday S. M. , Karlin E. , Brooks A. , Chapman C. , Karlin D. R. , Foschini L. , Kipping E. , Wildman M. , Francis M. , Greenman H. , Li Li , Schadt E. , Ghassemi M. , Goldenberg A. , Cormack F. , Taptiklis N. , Centen C. , Smith S. , Friend S.
Published: March 2022

The Better Understanding the Metamorphosis of Pregnancy (BUMP) study is a longitudinal feasibility study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy symptom experience using digital tools. The present paper describes the protocol for the BUMP study. Over 1000 participants are being recruited through a patient provider-platform and through other channels in the United States (US). Participants in a preconception cohort (BUMP-C) are followed for 6 months, or until conception, while participants in a pregnancy cohort (BUMP) are followed into their fourth trimester. Participants are provided with a smart ring, a smartwatch (BUMP only), and a smart scale (BUMP only) alongside cohort-specific study apps. Participant centric engagement strategies are used that aim to co-design the digital approach with participants while providing knowledge and support. The BUMP study is intended to lay the foundational work for a larger study to determine whether participant co-designed digital tools can be used to detect, track and return multimodal symptoms during the perinatal window to inform individual level symptom trajectories.
Encapsulation within a coordination cage modulates the reactivity of redox-active dyes
Authors: Yanshyna Oksana , Białek Michał J. , Chashchikhin Oleg V. , Klajn Rafal
Published: March 2022

Confining molecules within well-defined nanosized spaces can profoundly alter their physicochemical characteristics. For example, the controlled aggregation of chromophores into discrete oligomers has been shown to tune their optical properties whereas encapsulation of reactive species within molecular hosts can increase their stability. The resazurin/resorufin pair has been widely used for detecting redox processes in biological settings; yet, how tight confinement affects the properties of these two dyes remains to be explored. Here, we show that a flexible PdII6L4 coordination cage can efficiently encapsulate both resorufin and resazurin in the form of dimers, dramatically modulating their optical properties. Furthermore, binding within the cage significantly decreases the reduction rate of resazurin to resorufin, and the rate of the subsequent reduction of resorufin to dihydroresorufin. During our studies, we also found that upon dilution, the PdII6L4 cage disassembles to afford PdII2L2 species, which lacks the ability to form inclusion complexes – a process that can be reversed upon the addition of the strongly binding resorufin/resazurin guests. We expect that the herein disclosed ability of a water-soluble cage to reversibly modulate the optical and chemical properties of a molecular redox probe will expand the versatility of synthetic fluorescent probes in biologically relevant environments.
Genotype to ecotype in niche environments: adaptation of Arthrobacter to carbon availability and environmental conditions
Authors: Gushgari-Doyle Sara , Lui Lauren M , Nielsen Torben N , Wu Xiaoqin , Malana Ria G , Hendrickson Andrew J , Carion Heloise , Poole Farris L , Adams Michael W W , Arkin Adam P , Chakraborty Romy
Published: March 2022

Niche environmental conditions influence both the structure and function of microbial communities and the cellular function of individual strains. The terrestrial subsurface is a dynamic and diverse environment that exhibits specific biogeochemical conditions associated with depth, resulting in distinct environmental niches. Here, we present the characterization of seven distinct strains belonging to the genus Arthrobacter isolated from varying depths of a single sediment core and associated groundwater from an adjacent well. We characterized genotype and phenotype of each isolate to connect specific cellular functions and metabolisms to ecotype. Arthrobacter isolates from each ecotype demonstrated functional and genomic capacities specific to their biogeochemical conditions of origin, including laboratory-demonstrated characterization of salinity tolerance and optimal pH, and genes for utilization of carbohydrates and other carbon substrates. Analysis of the Arthrobacter pangenome revealed that it is notably open with a volatile accessory genome compared to previous pangenome studies on other genera, suggesting a high potential for adaptability to environmental niches.
Colonization and metabolite profiles of homologous, heterologous and experimentally evolved algal symbionts in the sea anemoneExaiptasia diaphana
Authors: Tsang Min Ching Sarah Jane , Chan Wing Yan , Perez-Gonzalez Alexis , Hillyer Katie E , Buerger Patrick , van Oppen Madeleine J H
Published: March 2022

The sea anemone, Exaiptasia diaphana, is a model of coral-dinoflagellate (Symbiodiniaceae) symbiosis. However, little is known of its potential to form symbiosis with Cladocopium—a key Indo-Pacific algal symbiont of scleractinian corals, nor the host nutritional consequences of such an association. Aposymbiotic anemones were inoculated with homologous algal symbionts, Breviolum minutum, and seven heterologous strains of Cladocopium C1acro (wild-type and heat-evolved) under ambient conditions. Despite lower initial algal cell density, Cladocopium C1acro-anemeones achieved similar cell densities as B. minutum-anemones by week 77. Wild-type and heat-evolved Cladocopium C1acro showed similar colonization patterns. Targeted LC-MS-based metabolomics revealed that almost all significantly different metabolites in the host and Symbiodiniaceae fractions were due to differences between Cladocopium C1acro and B. minutum, with little difference between heat-evolved and wild-type Cladocopium C1acro at week 9. The algal fraction of Cladocopium C1acro-anemones was enriched in metabolites related to nitrogen storage, while the host fraction of B. minutum-anemones was enriched in sugar-related metabolites. Compared to B. minutum, Cladocopium C1acro is likely slightly less nutritionally beneficial to the host under ambient conditions, but more capable of maintaining its own growth when host nitrogen supply is limited. Our findings demonstrate the value of E. diaphana to study experimentally evolved Cladocopium.
Pair of chiral 2D silver(i) enantiomers: chiral recognition of l- and d-histidine via differential pulse voltammetry
Authors: Kim Dongwon , Seo Kyeong-Deok , Shim Yoon-Bo , Lee Kyungsuh , Lee Sang Hak , Lee Young-A. , Jung Ok-Sang
Published: March 2022

A pair of chiral 2D enantiomeric sheets were constructed using AgPF6 with a pair of chiral tridentate ligands. The differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique was found to be an effective tool for enantio-recognition of l- and d-histidines.
Using AOP-Wiki to support the ecotoxicological risk assessment of nanomaterials: first steps in the development of novel adverse outcome pathways
Authors: Jagiello Karolina , Judzinska Beata , Sosnowska Anita , Lynch Iseult , Halappanavar Sabina , Puzyn Tomasz
Published: March 2022

The integration of data and knowledge available in the AOP-Wiki and scientific publications is the first step in the development of an AOP-based strategy for assessing the ecotoxicity of NMs.
Ganoderic acid A from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury through ameliorating the lipid metabolism and modulating the intestinal microbial composition
Authors: Lv Xu-Cong , Wu Qi , Cao Ying-Jia , Lin Yi-Chen , Guo Wei-Ling , Rao Ping-Fan , Zhang Yan-Yan , Chen You-Ting , Ai Lian-Zhong , Ni Li
Published: March 2022

The beneficial effects of Ganoderic acid A (GAA) from Ganoderma lucidum on alcoholic liver injury and intestinal microbial disorder in mice exposed to excessive alcohol intake.
Synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrrole and anthraquinone-based polymers of D–A1–D–A2 architecture by direct arylation polycondensation and designing inorganic/organic nano-heterostructured photoanodes for visible light water splitting
Authors: Ghosh Nani Gopal , Sarkar Ayan , Kumar Chandan , Karmakar Himadri Shekhar , Sanke Devendra Mayurdhwaj , Zade Sanjio S.
Published: March 2022

Synthesis of D–A1–D–A2 type polymers by direct heteroarylation poly-condensation reaction to make N-doped TiO2 nanorod based inorganic/organic nano-heterostructured photoanode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation.
Comment on “Flat band potential determination: avoiding the pitfalls” by A. Hankin, F. E. Bedoya-Lora, J. C. Alexander, A. Regoutz and G. H. Kelsall, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 26162
Authors: Díez-García María I. , Monllor-Satoca Damián , Gómez Roberto
Published: March 2022

Both electrode and experimental conditions allowing for the use of the Gärtner–Butler and Mott–Schottky models are discussed with the aim of clarifying published results.
A light-initiated chemical reporter strategy for spatiotemporal labeling of biomolecules
Authors: Wang Feifei , Kong Hao , Meng Xiangfeng , Tian Xiao , Wang Changjiang , Xu Lei , Zhang Xiang , Wang Lei , Xie Ran
Published: March 2022

Combination bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy and photo-reaction enables imaging of newly-synthesized glycans, lipids and proteins with spatiotemporal resolution.
Recent progress in the chemistry of 12-membered pyridine-containing tetraazamacrocycles: from synthesis to catalysis
Authors: Panza Nicola , Tseberlidis Giorgio , Caselli Alessandro , Vicente Rubén
Published: March 2022

Pyclen and Py2N2 complexes are relevant compounds with applications ranging from medicine to catalysis. This review highlights the most recent research on these complexes.
An all-optical tunable polymer WGM laser pumped by a laser diode
Authors: Niu Ben , Shi Xiaoyu , Ge Kun , Ruan Jun , Xu Zhiyang , Zhang Shuai , Guo Dan , Zhai Tianrui
Published: March 2022

An all-optical tunable whispering gallery mode laser pumped by a laser diode is proposed. The emission wavelength was continuously tuned over 13 nm. The wavelength tuning process has fast response time that is within 2.8 s.
Nitrogen-doped molecular bowls as electron donors in photoinduced electron transfer reactions
Authors: Stasyuk O. A. , Stasyuk A. J. , Solà M. , Voityuk A. A.
Published: March 2022

The propensity of fullerene complex to photoinduced electron transfer is determined by electron-donating properties of the bowl. More extended π-conjugated molecular bowls with nitrogen atom in pentagonal rings promote faster charge separation.
Microwave-assisted annulation for the construction of pyrido-fused heterocycles and their application as photoluminescent chemosensors
Authors: Yun Ei Seul , Akhtar Muhammad Saeed , Mohandoss Sonaimuthu , Lee Yong Rok
Published: March 2022

An efficient and catalyst-free protocol for the synthesis of pyrido-fused heterocycles under microwave irradiation via a [3 + 3] annulation reaction and their application as photoluminescent chemosensors are presented.
A mild one-pot transformation of nitroalkanes to ketones or aldehydes via a visible-light photocatalysis–hydrolysis sequence
Authors: Hsu Yin-Yin , Luo Sheng-Qi , Hong Bor-Cherng , Chien Su-Ying
Published: March 2022

A mild one-pot process for the direct transformation of nitroalkanes to the corresponding ketones and aldehydes by a visible-light photocatalysis–hydrolysis sequence.
Oxidative decarboxylative ammonium hypoiodite-catalysed dihydrobenzofuran synthesis
Authors: Röser Katharina , Scheucher Anna , Mairhofer Christopher , Bechmann Matthias , Waser Mario
Published: March 2022

The catalytic use of quaternary ammonium iodides under oxidative conditions allows for the direct conversion of readily available β-ketolactones into dihydrobenzofurans.
Engineering thiospinel-based hollow heterostructured nanoarrays for boosting electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Qing , Jin Lei , Huang Bingji , Xu Hui , Qian Xingyue , Chen Haiqun , He Guangyu
Published: March 2022

A well-controlled Ni3S2/NiCo2S4 hollow heterostructure with rich heterointerfaces is designed for boosting OER.
Manipulating the electronic configuration of Fe–N4sites by an electron-withdrawing/donating strategy with improved oxygen electroreduction performance
Authors: Wu Yonggan , Tang Xiannong , Zhang Fangjun , Li Longbin , Zhai Weijuan , Huang Bingyu , Hu Ting , Lützenkirchen-Hecht Dirk , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang
Published: March 2022

A facile boron induced electron-withdrawing/donating strategy is demonstrated to regulate the electronic configuration of Fe–N4sites in Fe–N–C catalysts to optimize the absorption/desorption of oxygen intermediates during the oxygen reduction reaction.
Efficient synthesis of tetracyclic γ-lactamsviagold-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of alkenyl diynes
Authors: Shi Chong-Yang , Zhou Ji-Jia , Hong Pan , Zhu Bo-Han , Hong Feng-Lin , Qian Peng-Cheng , Sun Qing , Lu Xin , Ye Long-Wu
Published: March 2022

An efficient gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of alkenyl diynes involving alkyne oxidation, carbene-alkyne metathesis and cyclopropanation has been developed, affording various tetracyclic γ-lactams in moderate to good yields.
Efficient and eco-friendly oxidative cleavage of C–C bonds of 1,2-diols to ketones: electrochemistry vs thermochemistry
Authors: Wang Rui , Sun Pengchao , Jin Weiwei , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Bin , Xia Yu , Xue Fei , Abdukader Ablimit , Liu Chenjiang
Published: March 2022

Two protocols are established to the synthesis of ketones by the oxidative cleavage C-C bonds of vicinal diols under electrochemical and thermochemical strategies. The substrate scopes and preliminary mechanisms of these two protocols are discussed.
Palladium-catalyzed dearomative 1,4-arylmethylenation of naphthalenes
Authors: Zhang Enshen , Chen Chen , Wang Xueling , Wang Jian , Shang Yongjia
Published: March 2022

We herein report an efficient intermolecular palladium-catalyzed dearomative 1,4-arylmethylenation reaction of naphthalenes for the chemoselective construction of E-exocylic-double-bond-containing spirooxindoles.
Glucose hydrothermal encapsulation of carbonized silicone polyester to prepare anode materials for lithium batteries with improved cycle stability
Authors: Bie Xuan , Xiong Man , Wang Ben , Dong Yawei , Chen Zhongxue , Huang Ronghua
Published: March 2022

Silicon polyester (Si-PET) was synthesized with ethylene glycol and phthalic anhydride, and then it was carbonized and hydrothermally coated with glucose. The forming SiOx with layered graphene as the 3D network had amorphous carbon layer.
Nanostructured metal selenides as anodes for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Guowei , Wu Yuhan , Fu Qun , Zhao Huaping , Lei Yong
Published: March 2022

This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in developing nanostructured metal selenides as potassium-ion battery anodes and presents a perspective on future opportunities in this field.
Techno-economic, life cycle, and environmental cost assessment of biojet fuel obtained from Pinus pinaster by turpentine hydrogenation
Authors: Bolonio David , Sánchez-Canales María , Jiménez-Oyola Samantha , Ortega Marcelo F. , Donoso David , García-Martínez María-Jesús , Lapuerta Magín , Canoira Laureano
Published: March 2022

Production of biojet fuel from turpentine shows a reduction of 93% of CO2 eq. emissions. Manual harvesting and resin yield strongly influence the final cost. Cost-competitive for productivities higher than 6 kg of resin per pine per year.
Structure formation and coarsening kinetics of phase-separated spin-coated ethylcellulose/hydroxypropylcellulose films
Authors: Carmona Pierre , Röding Magnus , Särkkä Aila , von Corswant Christian , Olsson Eva , Lorén Niklas
Published: March 2022

Porous phase-separated EC/HPC films are used to control the drug delivery rate. To the left, example of structure evolution during phase separation followed in situ with CLSM. To the right, possible structures after phase separation.
A coarse-grained model for capturing the helical behavior of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Sigalas Nikolaos I. , Anogiannakis Stefanos D. , Theodorou Doros N. , Lyulin Alexey V.
Published: March 2022

A new coarse-grained force field for isotactic polypropylene (iPP) has been developed based on a single unperturbed chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The model reproduces the helical behavior of iPP and predicts structural properties sufficiently well.
Fabrication of hierarchical integrated 3D hollow MnS@MoS2 microcubes via a template-controlled synthesis for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Qiannan , Li Wei , Xu Huizhong , Gao Mengyou , Dong Xiaochen , Lin Jianjian
Published: March 2022

MoS2 nanosheets are grown in situ onto hollow MnS microcubes to produce 3D hierarchical bimetallic sulfide architecture (MnS@MoS2) for supercapacitors. The asymmetric supercapacitor device assembled using MnS@MoS2 achieves energy density of 64.98 W h kg−1 at 1600 W kg−1.
An ion-accumulating effect in a hollow carbon bowl electrode: understanding the structure-enhanced volumetric desalination capacity and ion transport kinetics in capacitive deionization
Authors: Zang Xiaogang , Fu Zhenzhen , Wang Dewei , Yuan Zhi , Shi Ningxuan , Yang Zhiyu , Yan Yi-Ming
Published: March 2022

A hollow carbon bowl is designed for CDI application, which exhibits an outstanding volumetric electrosorption capacity and a fast regeneration time. Finite element simulations reveal that “ion-accumulating effect” boosts the ion transport kinetics.
3D porous spheroidal Na4Mn0.9Ce0.1V(PO4)3@CeO2/C cathode for high-energy Na ion batteries
Authors: Wang Kun , Huang Xiaobing , Zhou Tao , Sun Dan , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Zhi
Published: March 2022

The synergistic effect of Ce3+ doping in crystal framework and CeO2 surface coating was achieved simultaneously, which greatly improved the electronic conductivity, facilitated the ion diffusion transfer and stabilized the crystalline structure.
Enhanced oxygen redox reversibility and capacity retention of titanium-substituted Na4/7[□1/7Ti1/7Mn5/7]O2 in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Linnell Stephanie F. , Kim Eun Jeong , Choi Yong-Seok , Hirsbrunner Moritz , Imada Saki , Pramanik Atin , Cuesta Aida Fuente , Miller David N. , Fusco Edoardo , Bode Bela E. , Irvine John T. S. , Duda Laurent C. , Scanlon David O. , Armstrong A. Robert
Published: March 2022

The reversibility of oxygen anion redox is remarkably improved for partially Ti-substituted Na4/7[□1/7Ti1/7Mn5/7] and operates at a higher potential (vs. Na/Na+) compared with the parent material Na4/7[□1/7Mn6/7].
A furan-based organic cathode material for high-performance sodium ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Jia Kangkang , Li Xiaoxue , Liu Xiaorui , Zhu Linna , Wu Fei
Published: March 2022

2,5-Bis-(p-benzoquinonyl) furan was developed as the cathode material for SIBs, furan as the bridge group endows good planarity of the whole molecule, and it also works as an additional storage site for PF6−.
Development of a phos-tag-based fluorescent biosensor for sensitive detection of protein kinase in cancer cells
Authors: Jiang Su , Wang Pengyu , Li Chen-chen , Cui Lin , Li Yueying , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: March 2022

We develop a phos-tag-based fluorescent biosensor for sensitive detection of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in cancer cells.
Strain coupling and Jahn–Teller effect in efficient and stable sky-blue germanium–lead perovskites
Authors: Rao Min , Zhu Yihui , Zhang Zhiying , Yang Tao , Hu Xiaoshi , Huo Dexuan , Yang Dexin
Published: March 2022

The symmetry-adapted shear strains related to the Jahn–Teller effects play important roles in influencing the stability and optoelectronic properties of low-toxicity germanium–lead perovskites.
Polymer-based dielectrics with high permittivity and low dielectric loss for flexible electronics
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yang Cao , Li Xiaomeng , Jia Hanyu , Liu Shuiren , Liu Xuying , Minari Takeo , Sun Qingqing
Published: March 2022

In this review, polarization principles are firstly summarized. Following that, the relationship between the structures of polymer-based dielectrics and its dielectric property is introduced. Finally, the application of dielectrics in flexible electronic devices are carefully discussed.
Doped 0D Cs4PbCl6 single crystals featuring full-visible-region colorful luminescence
Authors: Qiu Yixin , Ma Zhimin , Dai Guangkuo , Fu Xiaohua , Wang Yunsong , Jia Xinru , Ma Zhiyong
Published: March 2022

Four doping Cs4PbCl6 crystals luminesce cover full visible region. The Cs4PbCl6:Mn2+ adopts exciton–Mn2+ energy transfer. Sb3+/Sn2+ adopts STE of dopants. Zr4+ adopts emission kinetics via local excitation of Zr4+ at higher energy.
714 nm emission with 12.25% efficiency from iridium complexes with low iridium content by the strategy of rigid coordination core and amplifying shell
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Sai , You Caifa , Chang Xiang , Huang Jingwei , Zhen Weiqiong , Zhang Hu , Gan Xiangqin , Wu Xiugang , Zhu Weiguo
Published: March 2022

A novel core–shell-typed Ir(iii) complex with a rigid C^N coordinated core of DBPz and an amplifying peripheral shell of tBuTPA. Its doped OLEDs exhibited a 714 nm emission with an outstanding EQE of 12.25% and a recorded radiance emittance of 45 330 mW Sr−1 m−2.
Ubiquitination of the ubiquitin-binding machinery: how early ESCRT components are controlled
Authors: Korbei Barbara
Published: March 2022

To be able to quickly and accurately respond to the environment, cells need to tightly control the amount and localization of plasma membrane proteins. The post-translation modification by the protein modifier ubiquitin is the key signal for guiding membrane-associated cargo to the lysosome/vacuole for their degradation. The machinery responsible for such sorting contains several subunits that function as ubiquitin receptors, many of which are themselves subjected to ubiquitination. This review will focus on what is currently known about the modulation of the machinery itself by ubiquitination and how this might affect its function with a special emphasis on current findings from the plant field.
Insights into nervous system repair from the fruit fly
Authors: Coupe David , Bossing Torsten
Published: March 2022

Millions of people experience injury to the central nervous system (CNS) each year, many of whom are left permanently disabled, providing a challenging hurdle for the field of regenerative medicine. Repair of damage in the CNS occurs through a concerted effort of phagocytosis of debris, cell proliferation and differentiation to produce new neurons and glia, distal axon/dendrite degeneration, proximal axon/dendrite regeneration and axon re-enwrapment. In humans, regeneration is observed within the peripheral nervous system, while in the CNS injured axons exhibit limited ability to regenerate. This has also been described for the fruit fly Drosophila. Powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila have allowed the response to CNS insults to be probed and novel regulators with mammalian orthologs identified. The conservation of many regenerative pathways, despite considerable evolutionary separation, stresses that these signals are principal regulators and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we highlight the role of Drosophila CNS injury models in providing key insight into regenerative processes by exploring the underlying pathways that control glial and neuronal activation in response to insult, and their contribution to damage repair in the CNS.
The near-core rotation of HD 112429
Authors: Van Reeth T. , De Cat P. , Van Beeck J. , Prat V. , Wright D. J. , Lehmann H. , Chené A.-N. , Kambe E. , Yang S. L. S. , Gentile G. , Joos M.
Published: March 2022

Context. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) provides us with high-precision photometric observations of large numbers of bright stars over more than 70% of the entire sky, allowing us to revisit and characterise well-known stars.

Aims. We aim to conduct an asteroseismic analysis of the γ Doradus (γ Dor) star HD 112429 using both the available ground-based spectroscopy and TESS photometry, and assess the conditions required to measure the near-core rotation rate and buoyancy travel time.

Methods. We collected and reduced the available five sectors of short-cadence TESS photometry of this star, as well as 672 legacy observations from six medium- to high-resolution ground-based spectrographs. We determined the stellar pulsation frequencies from both data sets using iterative prewhitening, did asymptotic g mode modelling of the star, and investigated the corresponding spectral line profile variations using the pixel-by-pixel method.

Results. We validate the pulsation frequencies from the TESS data down to S/N ≥ 5.6, confirming recent reports in the literature that the classical criterion S/N ≥ 4 does not suffice for space-based observations. We identify the pulsations as prograde dipole g modes and r-mode pulsations, and measure a near-core rotation rate of 1.536 (3) d−1 and a buoyancy travel time Π0 of 4190 (50) s. These results are in agreement with the observed spectral line profile variations, which were qualitatively evaluated using a newly developed toy model. We establish a set of conditions that have to be fulfilled for an asymptotic asteroseismic analysis of g-mode pulsators. In the case of HD 112429, two TESS sectors of space photometry suffice.

Conclusions. Although a detailed asteroseismic modelling analysis is not viable for g-mode pulsators with only short or sparse light curves of space photometry, it is possible to determine global asteroseismic quantities for a subset of these stars. Thanks to the ongoing TESS mission, this will allow us to characterise many more stars than only those with years of data.
Cold snare polypectomy of colorectal polyps ≤ 10 mm on clopidogrel: Australian and New Zealand randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ket Shara , Tjandra Douglas , Hewett David G. , Kheir Ammar O. , Metz Andrew J. , Moss Alan , Ogra Ravinder , Tam William , Raftopoulos Spiro , Reynolds John , Secomb Robyn , Cavalieri Lauren , Urquhart Paul , Gibson Peter R. , Brown Gregor
Published: March 2022

Background and study aims Optimal peri-colonoscopic management of clopidogrel remains unclear. Cold snare polypectomy is safe and effective for removing polyps ≤ 10 mm and clips can control intraprocedural bleeding. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare continuation of clopidogrel versus temporary replacement of clopidogrel with aspirin for routine colonoscopy using cold snare polypectomy for polyps ≤ 10 mm.

Patients and methods Between August 2016 and August 2019, consenting participants at 12 centers were randomized to continuation of clopidogrel as a single or dual antiplatelet agent, or to temporarily take aspirin alone from 7 days prior to 2 days after routine colonoscopy. Endoscopists were blinded to group allocation. Cold snare polypectomy was used to remove polyps ≤ 10 mm, with endoscopic clips applied if intraprocedural bleeding continued for > 2 minutes. Follow-up was performed on Day 30. The trial was stopped early due to delayed patient enrollment.

Results Two hundred seventy-six consecutive polyps ≤ 10 mm were removed from 107 patients. Of the patients, 61.7 % were male with a median age of 69 years (interquartile range [IQR] 63 to 76.75). Fifty-nine patients continued on clopidogrel and 48 temporarily took aspirin instead. One hundred thirty-four polyps were removed from 49 patients who continued on clopidogrel vs 142 from 43 patients temporarily took aspirin instead (P = 0.33). Intraprocedural bleeding requiring clips occurred in 11 of 49 patients who continued on clopidogrel and in two of 43 patients who temporarily took replacing with aspirin instead (P = 0.02). More post-procedural minor bleeding was seen in the aspirin arm (six of 43 vs one of 49; P = 0.03). One patient in each arm had acute coronary syndrome, which was medically managed. None of the patients had clinically significant post-procedural bleeding.

Conclusions Continuation of clopidogrel in patients undergoing cold snare polypectomy for colorectal polyps ≤ 10 mm does not appear to increase the rate of clinically significant postpolypectomy bleeding. It is associated with an increase in intraprocedural bleeding, which can be successfully treated with clips.
Visualizing Opioid-Use Variation in a Pediatric Perioperative Dashboard
Authors: Safranek Conrad W. , Feitzinger Lauren , Joyner Alice Kate Cummings , Woo Nicole , Smith Virgil , Souza Elizabeth De , Vasilakis Christos , Anderson Thomas Anthony , Fehr James , Shin Andrew Y. , Scheinker David , Wang Ellen , Xie James
Published: March 2022

Background Anesthesiologists integrate numerous variables to determine an opioid dose that manages patient nociception and pain while minimizing adverse effects. Clinical dashboards that enable physicians to compare themselves to their peers can reduce unnecessary variation in patient care and improve outcomes. However, due to the complexity of anesthetic dosing decisions, comparative visualizations of opioid-use patterns are complicated by case-mix differences between providers.

Objectives This single-institution case study describes the development of a pediatric anesthesia dashboard and demonstrates how advanced computational techniques can facilitate nuanced normalization techniques, enabling meaningful comparisons of complex clinical data.

Methods We engaged perioperative-care stakeholders at a tertiary care pediatric hospital to determine patient and surgical variables relevant to anesthesia decision-making and to identify end-user requirements for an opioid-use visualization tool. Case data were extracted, aggregated, and standardized. We performed multivariable machine learning to identify and understand key variables. We integrated interview findings and computational algorithms into an interactive dashboard with normalized comparisons, followed by an iterative process of improvement and implementation.

Results The dashboard design process identified two mechanisms—interactive data filtration and machine-learning-based normalization—that enable rigorous monitoring of opioid utilization with meaningful case-mix adjustment. When deployed with real data encompassing 24,332 surgical cases, our dashboard identified both high and low opioid-use outliers with associated clinical outcomes data.

Conclusion A tool that gives anesthesiologists timely data on their practice patterns while adjusting for case-mix differences empowers physicians to track changes and variation in opioid administration over time. Such a tool can successfully trigger conversation amongst stakeholders in support of continuous improvement efforts. Clinical analytics dashboards can enable physicians to better understand their practice and provide motivation to change behavior, ultimately addressing unnecessary variation in high impact medication use and minimizing adverse effects.
Continuous phase rheology points to paths forward for improving properties of food foams
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: March 2022

As the use of edible foams increasingly extends to householdhold preparations, new techniques studying the role of flow in foam characteristics look to improve stability.