bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on deflagration characteristics and thermodynamic mechanism of micron aluminum powders
Authors: Yan Ke , Meng Xiangbao , Wang Zheng , Zhang Yansong , Wang Junfeneg , Ma Xuesong , Xiao Qin
Published: May 2021

Taking three kinds of micron aluminum powder as the research object, taking the deflagration characteristics and dynamic mechanism of aluminum dust as the main line of research, using high‐speed camera system and temperature measurement system to study the dust cloud of three kinds of aluminum powder with different concentration in the transparent pipe dust flame The flame shape, propagation speed, and temperature change law of the propagation device, the flame propagation speed and temperature increase with the increase of dust cloud concentration, and decrease with the increase of particle size; through the experiment of 20 L spherical explosive device, the empirical regression equation of maximum explosion pressure Pmax and maximum pressure rise rate (dP/dt)max is obtained, the explosion pressure (Pmax) will first increase and then decrease with the dust concentration, (dP/dt)max increases with the increase of dust concentration, while Pmax and (dP/dt)max increase with the decrease of particle size; The explosion products of aluminum powder were analyzed by XPS and surface energy spectrum, and the main substances of the explosion products were Al2O3, Al(OH)3, and unburned Al, and the deflagration mechanism model of micron aluminum powder was obtained; at the same time, the simultaneous thermal analyzer (TG‐DSC) was used to conduct microscopic thermal analysis kinetics experimental research on micron aluminum powder with different particle sizes. The combustion process of aluminum powder in the air was divided into three stages. Fit the curve by analyzing and calculate the reaction kinetic parameters of the aluminum dust combustion process. The smaller the particle size of the micron aluminum powder, the more aluminum particles involved in the oxidation reaction, the more intense the combustion reaction, the faster the flame propagation speed, the greater the height of the flame front, the greater the explosion pressure, the exothermic phenomenon is significant, and the activation energy required for the oxidation reaction to occur is smaller.
The “I's” have it—unanimously!
Authors: Lodal Peter N.
Published: May 2021

After every major process safety incident, one question that invariably surfaces is “Why do we keep having incidents?” In this article and presentation, nine “I” factors will be presented as potential answers to this question. These factors, (which include inexperience, intentionality, and impermanence, among others) will also be analyzed for potential answers to the related question, “What can we do to break the incident cycle?”
Articulating the Trauma‐Informed Theory of Individual Health Behavior
Authors: Marks Charles , Pearson Jennifer L. , Zúñiga María Luisa , Martin Natasha , Werb Dan , Smith Laramie R.
Published: May 2021

Exposure to trauma increases the risk of engaging in detrimental health behaviours such as tobacco and substance use. In response, the United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration developed Trauma‐Informed Care (TIC), an organisational framework for improving the provision of behavioural health care to account for the role exposure to trauma plays in patients' lives. We adapt TIC to introduce a novel theory of behaviour change, the Trauma‐Informed Theory of Individual Health Behavior (TTB). TTB posits that individual capacity to undertake intentional health‐promoting behaviour change is dependent on three factors: (1) the forms and severity of trauma they have been and are exposed to, (2) how this trauma physiologically manifests (i.e., the trauma response) and (3) resilience to undertake behaviour change despite this trauma response. We define each of these factors and their relationships to one another. We anticipate that the introduction of TTB will provide a foundation for developing theory‐driven research, interventions, and policies that improve behavioural health outcomes in trauma‐affected populations.
The effects of crop attributes, selection, and recombination on Canadian bread wheat molecular variation
Authors: Hargreaves William , N'Daiye Amidou , Walkowiak Sean , Pozniak Curtis J. , Wiebe Krystalee , Enns Jennifer , Lukens Lewis
Published: May 2021

Cultivated germplasm provides an opportunity to investigate how crop agronomic traits, selection for major genes, and differences in crossing‐over rates drive patterns of allelic variation. To identify how these factors correlated with allelic variation within a collection of cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we generated genotypes for 388 accessions grown in Canada over the past 170 yr using filtered single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calls from an Illumina Wheat iSelect 90K SNP‐array. Entries’ breeding program, era of release, grain texture, kernel color, and growth habit contributed to allelic differentiation. Allelic diversity and linkage disequilibrium (LD) of markers flanking some major loci known to affect traits such as gluten strength, growth habit, and grain color were consistent with selective sweeps. Nonetheless, some flanking markers of major loci had low LD and high allelic diversity. Positive selection may have acted upon homoeologous genes that had significant enrichment for the gene ontology terms ‘response‐to‐auxin’ and ‘response‐to‐wounding.’ Long regions of LD, spanning approximately one‐third the length of entire chromosomes, were associated with many pericentromeric regions. These regions were also characterized by low diversity. Enhancing recombination across these regions could generate novel allele combinations to accelerate Canadian wheat improvement.
Applied research on aquatic macrophyte fermentation broth in SBR denitrification
Authors: Zhang Xu , Chen Fuai , Xu Bing
Published: May 2021

In the traditional biological process for nitrogen removal, an insufficient carbon source is often the limiting factor. To solve this problem, reed fermentation broth was selected as the source of denitrification carbon for nitrogen removal in a SBR, and the influence of different C/N conditions on the denitrification and the characteristics of bacteria in the reactor were examined. Leaching experiments with reeds employed fluorescence excitation–emission spectrophotometry and revealed that the reed material had a high capacity for carbon release, the average dissolved organic carbon release content proportion was 11.3 mg/g, and the dissolved organic matter mainly consisted of humic acid‐like compounds. Using reed fermentation broth as an additional carbon source promoted the denitrification of wastewater by microbes. When reed fermentation broth was added at a C/N ratio of 6, the best nitrogen efficiency for nitrogen removal was 88.3–96.4%. Analyses of microbial diversity indicated that in the SBR reactor, the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria at the genus level reached 38.5%. These results revealed that reed fermentation broth promoted the growth of anaerobic denitrifying bacteria and improved the efficiency of denitrification. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the use of reed fermentation broth as an external carbon source that increases the efficiency for denitrification of wastewater.

Practitioner Points

Using fluorescence excitation−emission spectrophotometry and parallel factor analysis to evaluate the supply capacity of DOMs released from reed.

Research the feasibility of reed fermented broth as external carbon source under the condition of extremely low carbon source.

Provides theoretical guidance for deep denitrification in sewage treatment plant with SBR process.
Fluorinated β‐Ketoiminate Zinc Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Activity in Ring Opening Polymerization of Lactide
Authors: Ghosh Swarup , Huse Kevin , Wölper Christoph , Tjaberings Alexander , Gröschel André H. , Schulz Stephan
Published: May 2021

Complexes LZnR (L=C6F5NC(CF3)C(H)C(CF3)O; R=Me 1; Et 2) and L2Zn(thf)2 (3) were synthesized and analyzed by NMR (1H, 13C, 19F) and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 2 are dinuclear in the solid state but monomeric in toluene solution according to diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy (DOSY‐NMR). They showed poor activity in the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide (LA) but moderate activity in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH), yielding polymers with high number average molecular weight (Mn) and moderately controlled molecular weight distribution (PDI). Homonuclear‐decoupled 1H NMR analysis of polylactic acid (PLA) obtained from rac‐LA showed isotactic enrichment of the polymer microstructure, and kinetic studies of the ROP of L‐LA with complex 2 showed a first order dependence of the monomer concentration. Analyses of low molecular weight polymers by 1H NMR and MALDI‐ToF mass spectrometry demonstrated the coordination‐insertion mechanism (CIM).
Erratum to: Clustering of $$ \overline{B}\to {D}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\tau}^{-}{\overline{v}}_{\tau } $$ kinematic distributions with ClusterKinG
Authors: Aebischer Jason , Kuhr Thomas , Lieret Kilian
Published: May 2021

However, this changes the interpretation of our results but slightly, because the exact probability distribution of the metric is only important for the choice and interpretation of the stopping criterium of the clustering.
Relativistic freeze-in with scalar dark matter in a gauged B − L model and electroweak symmetry breaking
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Priyotosh , Mitra Manimala , Roy Abhishek
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We explore relativistic freeze-in production of scalar dark matter in gauged B − L model, where we focus on the production of dark matter from the decay and annihilation of Standard Model (SM) and B − L Higgs bosons. We consider the Bose-Einstein (BE) and Fermi-Dirac (FD) statistics, along with the thermal mass correction of the SM Higgs boson in our analysis. We show that in addition to the SM Higgs boson, the annihilation and decay of the B − L scalar can also contribute substantially to the dark matter relic density. Potential effects of electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) and thermal mass correction in BE framework enhance the dark matter relic substantially as it freezes-in near EWSB temperature via scalar annihilation. However, such effects are not so prominent when the dark matter freezes-in at a later epoch than EWSB, dominantly by decay of scalars. The results of this analysis are rather generic, and applicable to other similar scenarios.
Extraction of the Sivers function from SIDIS, Drell-Yan, and W±/Z boson production data with TMD evolution
Authors: Bury Marcin , Prokudin Alexei , Vladimirov Alexey
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We perform a global fit of the available polarized Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS), polarized pion-induced Drell-Yan (DY) andW±/Zboson production data at N3LO and NNLO accuracy of the Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) evolution, and extract the Sivers function foru,d,sand for sea quarks. The Qiu-Sterman function is determined in a model independent way via the operator product expansion from the extracted Sivers function. The analysis is supplemented by additional studies, such as the estimation of applicability region, the impact of the unpolarized distributions’ uncertainties, the universality of the Sivers functions, positivity constraints, the significance of the sign-change relation, and the comparison with the existing extractions.
Noncommutative rational Pólya series
Authors: Bell Jason , Smertnig Daniel
Published: May 2021

A (noncommutative) Pólya series over a fieldKis a formal power series whose nonzero coefficients are contained in a finitely generated subgroup of$$K^\times $$K×. We show that rational Pólya series are unambiguous rational series, proving a 40 year old conjecture of Reutenauer. The proof combines methods from noncommutative algebra, automata theory, and number theory (specifically, unit equations). As a corollary, a rational series is a Pólya series if and only if it is Hadamard sub-invertible. Phrased differently, we show that every weighted finite automaton taking values in a finitely generated subgroup of a field (and zero) is equivalent to an unambiguous weighted finite automaton.
Visualization of the epimysium and fascia thoracolumbalis at the lumbar spine using MRI
Authors: Adamietz Boris , Schönberg Stefan O. , Reiser Maximilian , Uder Michael , Frank Andreas , Strecker Ralph , Weiß Christel , Heiss Rafael
Published: May 2021

Background

The fascia thoracolumbalis (FTL) is an important component for stabilization and motion control of the lumbar spine. It coordinates the traction forces of the autochthonous muscles of the back (AM) and connects them to the muscles of the abdominal wall, shoulder, and buttocks.

Objectives

The aim of our study was to describe the assessment of the normal FTL and epimysium of the AM in MRI and to identify patterns associated with pathological changes in the lumbar spine.

Material and methods

A total of 33 patients were retrospectively evaluated: 15 patients had no pathology at the lumbar spine; six patients had previous hemilaminectomy, three had spondylodesis, two had ventrolisthesis, and seven had scoliosis. The thickness of the FTL and EM was measured, and the adhesion of both structures was assessed.

Results

The fascial thickness at the levels of the lumbar vertebral bodies LVB 3 was 1.8, of LVB 4 it was 2.0, of LVB 5 it was 2.1, and at the sacral vertebra SVB 1 it was 1.8 mm. Fascial adhesions together with thickening of the EM occurred at the level of LVB 4 in 36% of the cases independently of the underlying disorder. Only thickening of the EM was seen in 48% of cases at the level of SVB 1. By contrast, adhesion of the FTL without epimysial changes occurred in 36% of cases at the level of LVB 3.

Conclusion

Thickening and adhesions at the EM and FTL occurred both postoperatively and in the case of scoliosis. Furthermore, lipomatous and muscular herniation could be detected in the FTL postoperatively. Epimysial and fascial alterations may be imaging manifestations of chronic myofascial back pain and should be included in radiological assessments.
Influence of pre-fermentative addition of aqueous solution tannins extracted from oak wood (Quercus petraea) on the composition of Grillo wines
Authors: Corona Onofrio , Bambina Paola , De Filippi Diego , Cinquanta Luciano
Published: May 2021

In this research, the chemical characterization of fixed and volatile compounds of two different tannins in aqueous solution (Pratiko® L-Harvest and L-Fruit) extracted from oak wood, has been studied. The influence of the above tannins, at different concentrations, on the alcoholic fermentation kinetics and on the composition and sensorial characteristics of a white wine were then evaluated. The wines added tannins in aqueous solution compared to control wines showed significant differences in fixed compounds (colloids, polyphenols and ellagitannins) and volatile compounds (phenolic aldehydes, volatile phenols, furanic and piranic compounds). The differences of aqueous solution tannins extracted from oak wood were partly due to the drying/maturing and roasting methods used in barrel production. Alcoholic fermentation was partially facilitated by the addition of tannins in aqueous solution. The wines obtained showed a higher content of ethyl esters of medium-chain fatty acids (from 22 to 31%) and, in some cases, higher acetate alcohols (from 15 to 28%), relevant to the olfactory sensations provided to the wines. The tannins added to the must before fermentation also made it possible to obtain an additional supply of polyphenols (from 25 to 85%) able to induce more complex sensory profiles in the wines, with increased persistent taste notes.
A simple nomogram for early postoperative risk prediction of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Honselmann K. C. , Antoine C. , Frohneberg L. , Deichmann S. , Bolm L. , Braun R. , Lapshyn H. , Petrova E. , Keck T. , Wellner U. , Bausch D.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Postoperative pancreatic fistulae (POPF) present a serious and life-threatening complication after pancreatic head resections (PD). Therefore, reliable risk stratification to identify those at risk is urgently needed. The aim of this study was to identify postoperative laboratory parameters for the prediction of POPF in the early postoperative period.

Methods

One hundred eighty-two patients who underwent PD from 2012 until 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed using the GLM (general linear model) method for model building. Two nomograms were created based on the GLM models of postoperative day one and postoperative day one to five. A cohort of 48 patients operated between 2018 and 2019 served as internal validation.

Results

Clinically relevant pancreatic fistulae (CR-POPF) were present in 16% (n = 29) of patients. Patients with CR-POPF experienced significantly more insufficiencies of gastroenterostomies, delayed gastric emptying, and more extraluminal bleeding than patients without CR-POPF. Multivariate analysis revealed multiple postoperative predictive models, the best one including ASA, main pancreatic duct diameter, operation time, and serum lipase as well as leucocytes on day one. This model was able to predict CR-POPF with an accuracy of 90% and an AUC of 0.903. Two nomograms were created for easier use.

Conclusion

Clinically relevant fistula can be predicted using simple laboratory and clinical parameters. Not serum amylase, but serum lipase is an independent predictor of CR-POPF. Our simple nomograms may help in the identification of patients for early postoperative interventions.
NRF2-mediated signaling is a master regulator of transcription factors in bovine granulosa cells under oxidative stress condition
Authors: Taqi Mohamed Omar , Saeed-Zidane Mohammed , Gebremedhn Samuel , Salilew-Wondim Dessie , Tholen Ernst , Neuhoff Christiane , Hoelker Michael , Schellander Karl , Tesfaye Dawit
Published: May 2021

Transcription factors (TFs) are known to be involved in regulating the expression of several classes of genes during folliculogenesis. However, the regulatory role of TFs during oxidative stress (OS) is not fully understood. The current study was aimed to investigate the regulation of the TFs in bovine granulosa cells (bGCs) during exposure to OS induced by H2O2in vitro. For this, bGCs derived from ovarian follicles were cultured in vitro till their confluency and then treated with H2O2for 40 min. Twenty-four hours later, cells were subjected to various phenotypic and gene expression analyses for genes related to TFs, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation markers. The bGCs exhibited higher reactive oxygen species accumulation, DNA fragmentation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress accompanied by reduction of mitochondrial activity after exposure to OS. In addition, higher lipid accumulation and lower cell proliferation were noticed in H2O2-challenged cells. The mRNA level of TFs includingNRF2,E2F1,KLF6,KLF9,FOS,SREBF1,SREBF2, andNOTCH1was increased in H2O2-treated cells compared with non-treated controls. However, the expression level ofKLF4and its downstream gene,CCNB1, were downregulated in the H2O2-challenged group. Moreover, targeted inhibition ofNRF2using small interference RNA resulted in reduced expression ofKLF9,FOS,SREBF2, andNOTCH1genes, while the expression ofKLF4was upregulated. Taken together, bovine granulosa cells exposed to OS exhibited differential expression of various transcription factors, which are mediated by the NRF2 signaling pathway.
Unrest at the Laguna del Maule volcanic field 2005–2020: renewed acceleration of deformation
Authors: Le Mével H. , Córdova L. , Cardona C. , Feigl K. L.
Published: May 2021

The Laguna del Maule volcanic field in Chile has been exhibiting unrest since 2005. New GPS and InSAR data reveal a second episode of accelerated deformation beginning in late 2016 and continuing through May 2020, with an uplift rate > 290 mm/year between 2019 and 2020. To explain the spatial and temporal pattern of deformation, we apply a dynamic model of viscous magma flowing through a conduit into a fluid-filled reservoir surrounded by a heterogeneous, viscoelastic crust. A Monte Carlo procedure optimizes the ellipsoid reservoir geometry and the inlet pressure history. The two episodes of accelerating uplift are each modeled with a pressure increase rate of $\sim $
∼
9 MPa/year. Since 2016, 0.10 km3 of magma was injected into the system for a total of 0.37 km3 since 2005.
Rare element minerals’ assemblage in El Quemado pegmatites (Argentina): insights for pegmatite melt evolution from gahnite, columbite-group minerals and tourmaline chemistry and implications for minerogenesis
Authors: López de Azarevich Vanina , Fulignati Paolo , Gioncada Anna , Azarevich Miguel
Published: May 2021

The pegmatite district of El Quemado (NW Pampean Ranges, NW Argentina) hosts several Ordovician pegmatite bodies of the LCT (Li, Cs, Ta) type. We present paragenetic assemblages for a set of samples from two of the El Quemado pegmatite groups, Santa Elena and Tres Tetas, and mineral chemistry analyses for gahnite, columbite-group minerals, tourmaline, micas, albite, microcline, and discuss the relation between their major element composition and the degree of evolution of pegmatite melts. The chemical composition of rare element minerals allows recognizing an evolutive trend reaching highly differentiated compositions, with complex paragenetic assemblages including Li-, Zr-, U-, Zn-, P-, Mn- and Ta-bearing minerals. The temperature of crystallization during the magmatic phase was below 400 °C. Non-pervasive hydrothermal alteration, testified by a moderate presence of phyllosilicates, affected the pegmatite bodies. Chlorite geothermometry indicates that the circulation of post-magmatic hydrothermal fluids occurred at a temperature ranging between 200 °C and 250 °C. The mineralogical features recognized in the El Quemado pegmatite rocks have implications for the metallogenesis of the region, suggesting that the pegmatites potentially contributed to the genesis of Ta-Nb oxide placer mineralizations.
Modeling random and non-random decision uncertainty in ratings data: a fuzzy beta model
Authors: Calcagnì Antonio , Lombardi Luigi
Published: May 2021

Modeling human ratings data subject to raters’ decision uncertainty is an attractive problem in applied statistics. In view of the complex interplay between emotion and decision making in rating processes, final raters’ choices seldom reflect the true underlying raters’ responses. Rather, they are imprecisely observed in the sense that they are subject to a non-random component of uncertainty, namely the decision uncertainty. The purpose of this article is to illustrate a statistical approach to analyse ratings data which integrates both random and non-random components of the rating process. In particular, beta fuzzy numbers are used to model raters’ non-random decision uncertainty and a variable dispersion beta linear model is instead adopted to model the random counterpart of rating responses. The main idea is to quantify characteristics of latent and non-fuzzy rating responses by means of random observations subject to fuzziness. To do so, a fuzzy version of the Expectation–Maximization algorithm is adopted to both estimate model’s parameters and compute their standard errors. Finally, the characteristics of the proposed fuzzy beta model are investigated by means of a simulation study as well as two case studies from behavioral and social contexts.
Work-family conflict and facilitation among teachers in Israel and Switzerland
Authors: Ben-Uri Ina , Melfi Giuseppe , Arcidiacono Francesco , Bova Antonio
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we examine the attitudes toward integrating work and family in a sample of 247 teachers in Switzerland and Israel. More particularly, we focus on the national context’s role in mediating the relations between professional and private spheres. The data were collected by a questionnaire implemented and administered in the two countries. The analysis reveals differences between Israeli and Swiss teachers regarding the importance of attribution to life roles and their attitudes toward conflict and facilitation. Findings suggest new insights into the consideration of cultural elements in shaping the teachers’ attitudes toward the integration of family and work.
Enlargeable length-structure and scalar curvatures
Authors: Deng Jialong
Published: May 2021

We define enlargeable length-structures on closed topological manifolds and then show that the connected sum of a closed n-manifold with an enlargeable Riemannian length-structure with an arbitrary closed smooth manifold carries no Riemannian metrics with positive scalar curvature. We show that closed smooth manifolds with a locally CAT(0)-metric which is strongly equivalent to a Riemannian metric are examples of closed manifolds with an enlargeable Riemannian length-structure. Moreover, the result is correct in arbitrary dimensions based on the main result of a recent paper by Schoen and Yau. We define the positive MV-scalar curvature on closed orientable topological manifolds and show the compactly enlargeable length-structures are the obstructions of its existence.
Projection or encounter? Investigating Hans Jonas’ case for natural teleology
Authors: Hverven Sigurd , Netland Thomas
Published: May 2021

This article discusses Hans Jonas’ argument for teleology in living organisms, in light of recently raised concerns over enactivism’s “Jonasian turn.” Drawing on textual resources rarely discussed in contemporary enactivist literature on Jonas’ philosophy, we reconstruct five core ideas of his thinking: 1) That natural science’s rejection of teleology is methodological rather than ontological, and thus not a proof of its non-existence; 2) that denial of the reality of teleology amounts to a performative self-contradiction; 3) that the fact of evolution makes it implausible that only humans actualize purpose; 4) that the concept of metabolism delimits and gestures towards beings performing purposive activity; and 5) that concrete encounters with living organisms are indispensable for the judgment that they are purposive. Lastly, we draw attention to how Jonas’ understanding of teleology and inwardness in nonhuman life in terms of degrees of identity with human life poses a problem for his view. In this way, we hope to clarify what Jonas, as an important source of inspiration for the enactivist project, is proposing.
On the Behaviour of K-Means Clustering of a Dissimilarity Matrix by Means of Full Multidimensional Scaling
Authors: Vera J. Fernando , Macías Rodrigo
Published: May 2021

In this article, we analyse the usefulness of multidimensional scaling in relation to performing K-means clustering on a dissimilarity matrix, when the dimensionality of the objects is unknown. In this situation, traditional algorithms cannot be used, and so K-means clustering procedures are being performed directly on the basis of the observed dissimilarity matrix. Furthermore, the application of criteria originally formulated for two-mode data sets to determine the number of clusters depends on their possible reformulation in a one-mode situation. The linear invariance property in K-means clustering for squared dissimilarities, together with the use of multidimensional scaling, is investigated to determine the cluster membership of the observations and to address the problem of selecting the number of clusters in K-means for a dissimilarity matrix. In particular, we analyse the performance of K-means clustering on the full dimensional scaling configuration and on the equivalently partitioned configuration related to a suitable translation of the squared dissimilarities. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted in which the methodology examined is compared with the results obtained by procedures directly applicable to a dissimilarity matrix.
Serielle Vergleiche: Zum Unterschied, den Wiederholung macht
Authors: Ringel Leopold , Werron Tobias
Published: May 2021

Wie entstehen und welche Wirkung entfalten Vergleichs- und Bewertungspraktiken, die Serien bilden, indem sie bestimmte Vergleichsereignisse regelmäßig wiederholen? Der Beitrag entwickelt diese Frage theoretisch und untersucht sie empirisch anhand der Geschichte von Kunst- und Hochschulrankings. Die konzeptionelle Analyse lenkt den Blick auf das „Wie“ des Vergleichens (performative Dimension) und betont, dass wiederholt und regelmäßig durchgeführte Vergleiche (serielle Vergleiche) neue Möglichkeiten erschließen, zeitliche Unterschiede festzustellen (temporales Vergleichen) sowie diese interpretativ miteinander zu verknüpfen (temporalisierendes Vergleichen). Die historische Analyse zeigt, wie sich diese Dimensionen der Zeitlichkeit von Vergleichen in der Entstehung der heutigen Kunst- und Hochschulrankings gegenseitig ermöglicht und stabilisiert haben. Dabei wird einerseits deutlich, dass ein Fokus auf Wiederholungs- und Regelmäßigkeitsmuster den Blick auf heute prominente Vergleichs- und Bewertungspraktiken grundlegend neu ausrichten kann. Zugleich zeigen sich bedeutende gesellschaftstheoretische Implikationen der Vergleichs- und Bewertungsforschung, etwa mit Blick auf die historische Ausdifferenzierung von Feldern.
Computerized Intervention in Primary Care for Women Veterans with Sexual Assault Histories and Psychosocial Health Risks: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Creech Suzannah K. , Pulverman Carey S. , Kahler Christopher W. , Orchowski Lindsay M. , Shea M. Tracie , Wernette Golfo Tzilos , Zlotnick Caron
Published: May 2021

Importance

Sexual assault is a public health concern for women and is associated with subsequent psychosocial health risks of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), hazardous drinking, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Sexual assault is associated with social stigma and other barriers shown to inhibit one from seeking mental health care. Digital health technologies may overcome these barriers.

Objective

To test the impact of a brief computerized intervention delivered in primary care to reduce health risks and increase mental health treatment utilization among women with histories of sexual assault and current health risks.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The Safe and Healthy Experiences (SHE) program was tested in a randomized controlled trial with N = 153 women veterans at a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical center, and they completed assessments at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months.

Intervention

SHE is a brief motivational interviewing and psychoeducation-based computerized intervention. SHE was compared to a screen and referral-only control condition.

Main Measures

Health risks were measured via validated self-report instruments. Treatment initiation and utilization were measured via self-report and chart review.

Results

SHE did not impact women’s number of health risks (all p’s > .05). However, women randomized to SHE showed significantly greater increases in treatment use compared to women in the control group, as measured by chart review (χ2 (1, n = 153) = 4.38, p = .036, rs = .16), and self-report (χ2 (1, n = 130) = 5.89, p = .015, rs = .21). SHE was found to be an acceptable intervention.

Conclusions

SHE was effective in improving mental health treatment initiation and utilization compared to a control group. Computer-based interventions to address sexual trauma and its consequences are acceptable, are highly scalable, and can add value to primary care with little cost or increase in provider time.

Trial Registration

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02957747.
The role of actigraphy in sleep medicine
Authors: Acker Jens G. , Becker-Carus C. , Büttner-Teleaga Antje , Cassel Werner , Danker-Hopfe Heidi , Dück Alexander , Frohn Corinna , Hein Holger , Penzel Thomas , Rodenbeck Andrea , Roenneberg Till , Sauter Cornelia , Weeß Hans-Günter , Zeitlhofer Josef , Richter Kneginja
Published: May 2021

Actigraphy has been used for more than 60 years to objectively measure sleep–wake rhythms. Improved modern devices are increasingly employed to diagnose sleep medicine disorders in the clinical setting. Although less accurate than polysomnography, the chief advantage of actigraphs lies in the cost-effective collection of objective data over prolonged periods of time under everyday conditions. Since the cost of wrist actigraphy is not currently reimbursed, this method has not enjoyed wide acceptance to date. The present article provides an overview of the main clinical applications of actigraphy, including the recommendations of specialist societies.
Towards a Theory of Digital Well-Being: Reimagining Online Life After Lockdown
Authors: Dennis Matthew J.
Published: May 2021

Global lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic have offered many people first-hand experience of how their daily online activities threaten their digital well-being. This article begins by critically evaluating the current approaches to digital well-being offered by ethicists of technology, NGOs, and social media corporations. My aim is to explain why digital well-being needs to be reimagined within a new conceptual paradigm. After this, I lay the foundations for such an alternative approach, one that shows how current digital well-being initiatives can be designed in more insightful ways. This new conceptual framework aims to transform how philosophers of technology think about this topic, as well as offering social media corporations practical ways to design their technologies in ways that will improve the digital well-being of users.
Overcoming the efficiency gap: energy management as a means for overcoming barriers to energy efficiency, empirical support in the case of Austrian large firms
Authors: Schützenhofer Christian
Published: May 2021

The energy efficiency gap has been presented as a prevalent paradox in the literature as individuals and firms fail to invest money or effort in seemingly highly profitable efficiency improvements. This article contributes to answering which management tools promote the realization of economic energy savings. This article first provides a comparison of the barriers to energy efficiency in firms from the literature with the prescriptions of ISO standards for energy management. Second, we provide empirical evidence that such ISO-certified large Austrian firms increased implementation of energy efficiency measures by 165% compared to those firms with business-as-usual decision-making methods. These higher conservation efforts observed support the hypothesis that ISO standards are an effective instrument to overcome efficiency barriers in an economic way. The main contributing factors for this achievement are the internalization of the identification process of savings potentials and setting up a stringent decision-making and governance process, thereby increasing implementation rates of measures.
Correction to: The Japanese Breast Cancer Society clinical practice guidelines for surgical treatment of breast cancer, 2018 edition
Authors: Inokuchi Masafumi , Kutomi Goro , Kijima Yuko , Sakai Takehiko , Sawaki Masataka , Shien Tadahiko , Hanamura Noriko , Yano Kenji , Wada Noriaki , Saji Shigehira , Iwata Hiroji
Published: May 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-021-01256-7
Towards circular phosphorus: The need of inter- and transdisciplinary research to close the broken cycle
Authors: Stamm Christian , Binder Claudia R. , Frossard Emmanuel , Haygarth Philip M. , Oberson Astrid , Richardson Alan E. , Schaum Christian , Schoumans Oscar , Udert Kai M.
Published: May 2021

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element to all living beings but also a finite resource. P-related problems center around broken P cycles from local to global scales. This paper presents outcomes from the 9th International Phosphorus Workshop (IPW9) held 2019 on how to move towards a sustainable P management. It is based on two sequential discussion rounds with all participants. Important progress was reported regarding the awareness of P as finite mineable resource, technologies to recycle P, and legislation towards a circular P economy. Yet, critical deficits were identified such as how to handle legacy P, how climate change may affect ecosystem P cycling, or working business models to up-scale existing recycling models. Workshop participants argued for more transdisciplinary networks to narrow a perceived science-practice/policy gap. While this gap may be smaller in reality as illustrated with a Swiss example, we formulate recommendations how to bridge this gap more effectively.
Porphyrin accumulation in humans with common dysfunctional variants of ABCG2, a porphyrin transporter: potential association with acquired photosensitivity
Authors: Sakiyama Masayuki , Matsuo Hirotaka , Toyoda Yu , Yonekura Yuiko , Ishikawa Takahiro , Nakayama Akiyoshi , Higashino Toshihide , Kawamura Yusuke , Fujimoto Norihiro , Shinomiya Nariyoshi , Satoh Takahiro
Published: May 2021

Photosensitivity is a skin reaction disorder mediated by phototoxic and/or photoallergic mechanisms. The accumulation of porphyrins is generally considered to induce phototoxicity. ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) has been identified as a transporter of porphyrins and its common variants—p.Gln126Ter (rs72552713) and p.Gln141Lys (rs2231142)—reportedly decrease the function of porphyrin transport in vitro; however, the physiological importance of ABCG2 as a porphyrin transporter remains to be fully elucidated. We herein investigated whether ABCG2 dysfunction could lead to porphyrin accumulation and photosensitivity in Japanese subjects, and found it to be significantly correlated with erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels (P = 0.012). This appears to be the first clinical finding of ABCG2 dysfunction-associated protoporphyrin accumulation in humans. We divided the patients into a chronic actinic dermatosis (CAD) group and a non-CAD group. CAD was diagnosed based on the criteria of reduced minimal erythema doses to ultraviolet B (UVB) and/or ultraviolet A (UVA). The non-CAD group was composed of patients who exhibited normal reactions to UVB and UVA on phototesting, but had histories of recurrent erythema/papules on sun-exposed areas. Estimated ABCG2 function according to ABCG2 genotypes in the non-CAD group was significantly lower than in the general Japanese population (P = 0.045). In contrast, no difference was found in ABCG2 function between the CAD group and the general population, suggesting that ABCG2 dysfunction might be a genetic factor in non-CAD patients with clinical photosensitivity. In this context, genetic dysfunction of ABCG2 might be an overlooked pathological etiology of “photosensitivity of unknown cause.”
Articles of Association in UK Private Companies: An Empirical Leximetric Study
Authors: Hardman Jonathan
Published: May 2021

The final provisions of the UK’s Companies Act 2006 have now been in force for 10 years. Part of this regime included a new form of model constitution, known as the Model Articles. This article uses empirical data to establish whether the Model Articles have been used in practice or not. To do so, it tracks the constitutions of a sample of companies (those incorporated in Scotland in October 2009) from their incorporation until December 2017. It undertakes a leximetric methodology to code 12 variables across the constitutions, with a 0 being coded for convergence to the default regime and 1 being coded for divergence from the default regime. The results show that the majority of companies do not deviate from the default regime, other than in one respect: most allowed for the ability to appoint alternate directors. More importantly, however, the dataset shows that few of the sample companies amended their articles of association following incorporation, and that there is a strong correlation between certain coding patterns and the presenter, or formation agent, used to incorporate the company.
Diverse Sexual Behaviors in Undergraduate Students: Findings From a Campus Probability Survey
Authors: Herbenick Debby , Patterson Callie , Beckmeyer Jonathon , Gonzalez Yael R. Rosenstock , Luetke Maya , Guerra-Reyes Lucia , Eastman-Mueller Heather , Valdivia Dubravka Svetina , Rosenberg Molly
Published: May 2021

Background

Probability-based surveys of college students typically assess sexual behaviors such as oral, vaginal, and anal sex. Little is known about the broader range of sexual behaviors in which students engage.

Aims

In a random sample survey of undergraduate students, we aimed to: (1) describe how recently participants had engaged in solo and partnered sexual behaviors, (2) examine how frequently participants enacted certain rough sex sexual behaviors (e.g., light spanking, hard spanking, choking, slapping, and others), (3) assess participants’ frequency of experiencing certain rough sex behaviors, (4) describe participants’ frequency of threesome/group sex, (5) assess the characteristics of participants’ experiences with choking during sex; and (6) examine choking and face slapping in regard to consent.

Methods

A confidential, online cross-sectional survey of 4,989 randomly sampled undergraduate students at a large U.S. university.

Outcomes

Participants reported having engaged in a broad range of solo and partnered sexual activities, including rough sex behaviors.

RESULTS

The most prevalent general sexual behaviors were solo masturbation (88.6%), oral sex (79.4% received, 78.4% performed), penile-vaginal intercourse (73.5%), and partnered masturbation (71.1%). Anal intercourse was the least prevalent of these behaviors (16.8% received, 25.3% performed). Among those with any partnered sexual experience, 43.0% had choked a partner, 47.3% had been choked, 59.1% had been lightly spanked and 12.1% had been slapped on the face during sex.

Clinical translation

College health clinicians and educators need to be aware of the diverse and evolving range of solo and partnered sexual behaviors reported by students. In addition to counseling students about pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection risk, clinicians might assess patients’ engagement in diverse sexual behaviors, such as choking/strangulation during sex, given the risk for serious outcomes including death.

Strengths and limitations

Strengths of our research include the large sample size, use of random sampling, high response rate for college populations, broad range of behaviors assessed, and novel data on choking during sex. Among our limitations, we did not assess to what extent the experiences were wanted, pleasurable, or appealing to participants. Except for in relation to choking and slapping, we also did not assess issues of consent.

CONCLUSION

Participants reported engaging in diverse sexual behaviors, some of which have important clinical implications, are understudied, and warrant further research.
Further Insights on Fake-Barn Cases and Intuition Variation
Authors: Bergenholtz Carsten , Busch Jacob , Praëm Sara Kier
Published: May 2021

Studies in experimental philosophy claim to document intuition variation. Some studies focus on demographic group-variation; Colaçoet al., for example, claim that age generates intuition variation regarding knowledge attribution in a fake-barn scenario. Other studies claim to show intuition variation when comparing the intuition of philosophers to that of non-philosophers. The main focus has been on documenting intuition variation rather than uncovering what underlying factor(s) may prompt such a phenomenon. We explore a number of suggested explanatory hypotheses put forth by Colaçoet al., as well as an attempt to test Sosa's claim that intuition variance is a result of people ‘filling in the details’ of a thought experiment differently from one another. We show (i) that people respond consistently across conditions aimed at ‘filling in the details’ of thought experiments, (ii) that risk attitude does not seem relevant to knowledge ascription, (iii) that people's knowledge ascriptions do not vary due to views about defeasibility of knowledge. Yet, (iv) we find no grounds to reject that a large proportion of people appear to adhere to so-called subjectivism about knowledge, which may explain why they generally have intuitions about the fake-barn scenario that vary from those of philosophers.
The Policy and Regulatory Engagement with Corruption: Insights from Complexity Theory
Authors: MINTO Andrea , TRINCANATO Edoardo
Published: May 2021

One of the few certainties we have in dealing with corruption lies in its adaptive nature. Over time, corruption has in fact proved to be able to change, evolve and adapt within all political systems. Such an adaptive nature calls for close scrutiny of the setting or space where corruption spreads out. Therefore, this raises questions about the unappreciated risks and immeasurable opportunities for corruption in the ever-changing and interconnected world of techno-social systems we live in. This article aims to advance the policy and regulatory debate surrounding corruption by focusing on its complex and adaptive nature. In applying the main tenets of complexity theory, the analysis builds on the well-known Cynefin framework. This decision-aiding framework proves to be an insightful tool for shedding light on some critical features of corruption (eg its perception and the affected confidence).
1178 J, 527 nm near diffraction limited laser based on a complete closed-loop adaptive optics controlled off-axis multi-pass amplification laser system
Authors: Wang Deen , Zhang Xin , Dai Wanjun , Yang Ying , Deng Xuewei , Chen Lin , Xie Xudong , Hu Dongxia , Jing Feng , Yang Zeping , Yuan Qiang , Wei Xiaofeng , Zhu Qihua , Zheng Wanguo , Zhang Xiaomin , Huang Lei
Published: May 2021

A 1178 J near diffraction limited 527 nm laser is realized in a complete closed-loop adaptive optics (AO) controlled off-axis multi-pass amplification laser system. Generated from a fiber laser and amplified by the pre-amplifier and the main amplifier, a 1053 nm laser beam with the energy of 1900 J is obtained and converted into a 527 nm laser beam by a KDP crystal with 62% conversion efficiency, 1178 J and beam quality of 7.93 times the diffraction limit (DL). By using a complete closed-loop AO configuration, the static and dynamic wavefront distortions of the laser system are measured and compensated. After correction, the diameter of the circle enclosing 80% energy is improved remarkably from 7.93DL to 1.29DL. The focal spot is highly concentrated and the 1178 J, 527 nm near diffraction limited laser is achieved.
Somewhere over the rainbow: Italy and the regulation of same-sex unions
Authors: Donà Alessia
Published: May 2021

While almost all European democracies from the 1980s started to accord legal recognition to same-sex couples, Italy was, in 2016, the last West European country to adopt a regulation, after a tortuous path. Why was Italy such a latecomer? What kind of barriers were encountered by the legislative process? What were the factors behind the policy change? To answer these questions, this article first discusses current morality policymaking, paying specific attention to the literature dealing with same-sex partnerships. Second, it provides a reconstruction of the Italian policy trajectory, from the entrance of the issue into political debate until the enactment of the civil union law, by considering both partisan and societal actors for and against the legislative initiative. The article argues that the Italian progress towards the regulation of same-sex unions depended on the balance of power between change and blocking coalitions and their degree of congruence during the policymaking process. In 2016 the government formed a broad consensus and the parliament passed a law on civil unions. However, the new law represented only a small departure from the status quo due to the low congruence between actors within the change coalition.