bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalar Simulation and Parameterization of Water Table Dynamics in Tropical Peatlands
Authors: Cobb Alexander R. , Harvey Charles F.
Published: October 2019

Peatlands cover many low‐lying areas in the tropics. Tropical peatlands are intriguing systems because of their tight coupling between hydrology and carbon storage: They accumulate carbon over thousands of years because of waterlogging, and they remain waterlogged after growing into domed shapes because peat restricts drainage. This feedback between waterlogging and landscape morphology generates landforms with special hydrologic properties that enable simplifications of standard watershed models. In natural tropical peatlands, the water table is always near the surface and infiltration is almost immediate. In addition, water table fluctuations relative to the peat surface are remarkably uniform across tropical peatlands because these peatlands acquire shapes with a uniform topographic wetness index. In this paper, we show that because of these distinctive properties, simple hydrologic models that represent the hydraulic state of a catchment by a scalar quantity that describes total water storage are useful and physically meaningful in tropical peatlands. We demonstrate how to efficiently derive hillslope‐scale parameterizations of transmissivity and specific yield as functions of water table height for a tropical peatland from water table, rainfall, and topographic data. Our findings suggest that natural tropical peatland subcatchments could be usefully modeled as single hydrologic response units for river flow and flood forecasting.
Recent advances in the detection of base modifications using the Nanopore sequencer
Authors: Xu Liu , Seki Masahide
Published: October 2019

DNA and RNA modifications have important functions, including the regulation of gene expression. Existing methods based on short-read sequencing for the detection of modifications show difficulty in determining the modification patterns of single chromosomes or an entire transcript sequence. Furthermore, the kinds of modifications for which detection methods are available are very limited. The Nanopore sequencer is a single-molecule, long-read sequencer that can directly sequence RNA as well as DNA. Moreover, the Nanopore sequencer detects modifications on long DNA and RNA molecules. In this review, we mainly focus on base modification detection in the DNA and RNA of mammals using the Nanopore sequencer. We summarize current studies of modifications using the Nanopore sequencer, detection tools using statistical tests or machine learning, and applications of this technology, such as analyses of open chromatin, DNA replication, and RNA metabolism.
A prospective international multi-center study on safety and efficacy of deep brain stimulation for resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Menchón José M. , Real Eva , Alonso Pino , Aparicio Marco Alberto , Segalas Cinto , Plans Gerard , Luyten Laura , Brunfaut Els , Matthijs Laurean , Raymakers Simon , Bervoets Chris , Higueras Antonio , Katati Majed , Guerrero José , Hurtado Mariena , Prieto Mercedes , Stieglitz Lennart H. , Löffelholz Georg , Walther Sebastian , Pollo Claudio , Zurowski Bartosz , Tronnier Volker , Kordon Andreas , Gambini Orsola , Ranieri Rebecca , Franzini Angelo , Messina Giuseppe , Radu-Djurfeldt Diana , Schechtmann Gaston , Chen Long-Long , Eitan Renana , Israel Zvi , Bergman Hagai , Brelje Tim , Brionne Thomas C. , Conseil Aurélie , Gielen Frans , Schuepbach Michael , Nuttin Bart , Gabriëls Loes
Published: October 2019

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proposed for severe, chronic, treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. Although serious adverse events can occur, only a few studies report on the safety profile of DBS for psychiatric disorders. In a prospective, open-label, interventional multi-center study, we examined the safety and efficacy of electrical stimulation in 30 patients with DBS electrodes bilaterally implanted in the anterior limb of the internal capsule. Safety, efficacy, and functionality assessments were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months post implant. An independent Clinical Events Committee classified and coded all adverse events (AEs) according to EN ISO14155:2011. All patients experienced AEs (195 in total), with the majority of these being mild (52% of all AEs) or moderate (37%). Median time to resolution was 22 days for all AEs and the etiology with the highest AE incidence was ‘programming/stimulation’ (in 26 patients), followed by ‘New illness, injury, condition’ (13 patients) and ‘pre-existing condition, worsening or exacerbation’ (11 patients). Sixteen patients reported a total of 36 serious AEs (eight of them in one single patient), mainly transient anxiety and affective symptoms worsening (20 SAEs). Regarding efficacy measures, Y-BOCS reduction was 42% at 12 months and the responder rate was 60%. Improvements in GAF, CGI, and EuroQol-5D index scores were also observed. In sum, although some severe AEs occurred, most AEs were mild or moderate, transient and related to programming/stimulation and tended to resolve by adjustment of stimulation. In a severely treatment-resistant population, this open-label study supports that the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks of DBS.
Satb2 is required for the regionalization of retrosplenial cortex
Authors: Zhang Lei , Song Ning-Ning , Zhang Qiong , Mei Wan-Ying , He Chun-Hui , Ma Pengcheng , Huang Ying , Chen Jia-Yin , Mao Bingyu , Lang Bing , Ding Yu-Qiang
Published: October 2019

The retrosplenial cortex (Rsp) is a transitional cortex located between the neocortex and archicortex, but the molecular mechanism specifying Rsp from the archicortex remains elusive. We here report that the transcription factor Satb2 is required for specifying Rsp identity during its morphogenesis. In Satb2 CKO mice, the boundary between the Rsp and archicortex [i.e., subiculum (SubC)] disappears as early as E17.5, and Rsp efferent projection is aberrant. Rsp-specific genes are lost, whereas SubC-specific genes are ectopically expressed in Rsp of Satb2 CKO mice. Furthermore, cell-autonomous role of Satb2 in maintaining Rsp neuron identity is revealed by inactivation of Satb2 in Rsp neurons. Finally, Satb2 represses the transcription of Nr4a2. The misexpression of Nr4a2 together with Ctip2 induces expression of SubC-specific genes in wild-type Rsp, and simultaneous knockdown of these two genes in Rsp Satb2-mutant cells prevents their fate transition to SubC identity. Thus, Satb2 serves as a determinant gene in the Rsp regionalization by repressing Nr4a2 and Ctip2 during cortical development.
Author Correction: Unifying scrambling, thermalization and entanglement through measurement of fidelity out-of-time-order correlators in the Dicke model
Authors: Lewis-Swan R. J. , Safavi-Naini A. , Bollinger J. J. , Rey A. M.
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Release of sugars and fatty acids from heavy oil biodegradation by common hydrolytic enzymes
Authors: Mislan Michael , Gates Ian D.
Published: October 2019

In response to recent advances in understanding relating to the remarkable persistence of soil organic matter during burial and diagenesis, we examine the extent to which bitumen compositionally reflects the soil organic matter from which it was derived. Through a simple set of experiments, exposure of bitumen to lipase and cellulase, two enzymes effective in the biodegradation of soil organic matter, resulted in the release of glycerin, palmitic and oleic fatty acids from lipase digestion in addition to the release of glucose, alkylphenols and acyclic polyols from fermentation with cellulase, consistent with the products expected these enzymes. These results are significant in that they suggest that heavy oils are more similar to their soil precursor than previously thought, that biodegradation of bitumen can be accelerated using common over the counter enzymes in aerobic conditions and that heavy oils, which are 1000 times more abundant than coal, can release similar biomolecules as those generated in bioreactor culture or biomass harvest, using two of the most abundantly produced enzymes presently available.
Identification and profiling of microRNAs expressed in oral buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma of Chinese hamster
Authors: Xu Guo-qiang , Li Li-hong , Wei Jia-ning , Xiao Lan-fei , Wang Xiao-tang , Pang Wen-biao , Yan Xiao-yan , Chen Zhao-yang , Song Guo-hua
Published: October 2019

MicroRNAs are known to play essential role in the gene expression regulation in cancer. In our research, next-generation sequencing technology was applied to explore the abnormal miRNA expression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Chinese hamster. A total of 3 novel miRNAs (Novel-117, Novel-118, and Novel-135) and 11 known miRNAs (crg-miR-130b-3p, crg-miR-142-5p, crg-miR-21-3p, crg-miR-21-5p, crg-miR-542-3p, crg-miR-486-3p, crg-miR-499-5p, crg-miR-504, crg-miR-34c-5p, crg-miR-34b-5p and crg-miR-34c-3p) were identified. We conducted functional analysis, finding that 340 biological processes, 47 cell components, 46 molecular functions were associated with OSCC. Meanwhile the gene expression of Caspase-9, Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were determined by qRT-PCR and the protein expression of PTEN and p-AKT by immunohistochemistry. Our research proposed further insights to the profiles of these miRNAs and provided a basis for investigating the regulatory mechanisms involved in oral cancer research.
Association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and blood glucose level at admission in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ren Yanming , Fu Wei , Wang Yuelong , Qian Juan , Tao Chuanyuan , You Chao , Yang Mu
Published: October 2019

Previous studies indicated that both inflammatory responses and hyperglycemia are involved in the similar pathophysiological mechanisms after onset of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However the relationship between hyperglycemia and inflammation remains unknown. We aim to evaluate the associations of hyperglycemia with inflammation and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with ICH. Patients with acute ICH were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical characteristics and imaging features were obtained. The associations between outcome and laboratory biomarkers were assessed by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Spearman analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to estimate the association of NLR and serum glucose. 175 patients were enrolled. Poor outcome occurred in 86 patients at 30 days. Elevated blood glucose level (BGL) and NLR were strongly associated with outcome in patients with ICH. Moreover, combined NLR-BGL exhibited a better predictive accuracy compared with the peripheral leukocyte counts. Furthermore, there was a robust association between BGL and NLR. We first demonstrated both of NLR and BGL were independently associated with each other. Our results indicate that inflammatory responses and the pathological process of hyperglycemia may influence each other by several complex pathological mechanisms and have a mutual promoting effect to secondary brain injury.
The subcellular localization of bHLH transcription factor TCF4 is mediated by multiple nuclear localization and nuclear export signals
Authors: Greb-Markiewicz Beata , Kazana Wioletta , Zarębski Mirosław , Ożyhar Andrzej
Published: October 2019

Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is a class I basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor which regulates the neurogenesis and specialization of cells. TCF4 also plays an important role in the development and functioning of the immune system. Additionally, TCF4 regulates the development of Sertoli cells and pontine nucleus neurons, myogenesis, melanogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The ability of transcription factors to fulfil their function often depends on their intracellular trafficking between the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell. The trafficking is regulated by specific sequences, i.e. the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and the nuclear export signal (NES). We performed research on the TCF4 trafficking regulating sequences by mapping and detailed characterization of motifs potentially acting as the NLS or NES. We demonstrate that the bHLH domain of TCF4 contains an NLS that overlaps two NESs. The results of in silico analyses show high conservation of the sequences, especially in the area of the NLS and NESs. This high conservation is not only between mouse and human TCF4, but also between TCF4 and other mammalian E proteins, indicating the importance of these sequences for the functioning of bHLH class I transcription factors.
Monitoring compositional changes in Ni(OH)2electrocatalysts employed in the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Agoston Roland , Abu Sayeed Md , Jones Michael W. M. , de Jonge Martin D. , O'Mullane Anthony P.
Published: October 2019

Relating morphology and compositional changes spatially across a catalyst is important for understanding the active site involved in a reaction which is studied here for the OER at Ni(OH)2.
Optimization of parameters of the spraying device at etching of potato tubers
Authors: Borisova Svetlana M. , Papusha Sergey K. , Nikitenko Nikolay A.
Published: October 2019

The article considers the treatment of potatoes with protective and stimulating substances before planting, using a slit-type disperser, a finely dispersed low-volume spray on the surface of the processing object. The article has a research character, which is expressed in the fact that the analysis of methods and means for processing potatoes with protective and stimulating substances, as well as excerpts from the works of leading scientists on the subject under study are promising scientific developments in the form of patent analysis, which provide optimal flow of the technological process, there were shown their shortcomings and solutions to these problems. There was formulated the main problem of general etching constructions. Also, there was specified the technology of potato tubers treatment with protective-stimulating preparation, the description and the course of technological process are cited. As a result of the work done, a constructive scheme of the device for the treatment of tubers with protective and stimulating liquids by means of slit sprayers is proposed. The article also provides the optimization of parameters of a pneumatic slit sprayer for treatment of tubers with protective and stimulating liquids. The conclusions set out the main results achieved so far.
Malticriteria design of a large-scale mechanical systems
Authors: Matusov Leonid
Published: October 2019

The design and optimization of a large-scale systems are the most difficalt problems. A large-scale system consists of a number of subsystems. For example, in a harvest for harvesting one can separate the following subsystems: the frame, driver's cab, platform, engine, transmission, and steering system. Different departments of the design office engaged in creating a machine optimize their ‘own’ subsystems, while ignoring others. A machine assembled from ‘autonomously optimal’ subsystems turns out to be far from perfect. A machine is a single whole. When improving one of its subsystems, we can unwittingly worsen others. This implies that it is not always possible to solve optimization problems directly even for determination of the feasible solution set. The correct determination of the feasible solution set was a major challenge in engineering optimization problems. In order to construct the feasible solution set, a method called the Parameter Space Investigation (PSI) has been created and successfully integrated into various fields of industry, science, and technology. The methods of approximation of the feasible solution and Pareto optimal sets and the regularization of the Pareto optimal set are described in our paper. These methods are applied to solving the multicriteria optimization problems of large- scale systems. For example, they were applied in an agricultural engineering to a harvester for harvesting design.
The control system of universal platform for agriculture based on machine vision technology
Authors: Siuhin Alexandr , Nikolukin Maxim , Nikitin Dmitriy
Published: October 2019

The development of the agricultural industry is impossible without automation of the processes of field preparation and harvesting. One of the ways to solve this problem is the implementation of machine vision technologies supplemented with neural networks in the implementation of automated control systems for agricultural equipment. The implementation of machine vision algorithms will allow the recognition of objects in the workspace, the adjustment of the route of movement of technology, the realization of its various operating scenarios. Neural networks will allow you to analyze the surrounding objects and choose the best route to move. In this article, we consider an algorithm for determining objects based on machine vision technologies and the selection of a working area on a frame. The analysis of the intersection of the working area with recognized objects allows you to create controls that regulate the trajectory of traffic. The obtained results are experimentally verified on a laboratory prototype of a universal platform for agricultural machinery. Various approaches to the selection of object boundaries are considered and tested.
Innovation process of machine harvesting of laid peas and its efficiency
Authors: Karpenko Vladimir , Masienko Ivan , Eranova Lyudmila
Published: October 2019

In this work there was made the analysis of the valuable properties of peas and the problem of harvesting without losses, based on the description of the new way of harvesting the laid peas by direct combine harvesting, including the separation of stems from the soil and their transportation to threshing. The method differs in that the separation of the stems from the soil making by separation, and before separation, they are cut off in a vertical plane located on the side of the harvesting machine of the main array. There was offered a device for harvesting, as well as the results of the introduction of the method and device into production, which will increase the harvest in 1.7 times and will lead to a saving of diesel fuel by 34 %.
Detection of anomalies of the aquatorium ecosystems of Sevastopol on the basis of the markov model
Authors: Skatkov A. , Bryukhovetskiy A. , Moiseev D.
Published: October 2019

This paper is devoted to the development of the Markov model for the detection of anomalies of ecosystems of the waters of the city of Sevastopol. The states of the objects under study, the algorithm for constructing the matrix of transition probabilities and determining the final probabilities are presented. Some of the important applications of anomaly detection based on the Markov model are the prediction and recognition of anomalies.
Evaluation of operation indicators of the working units of transporting devices made of polymeric materials
Authors: Moskovskiy Maksim , Adamyan Gaik , Borzenko Sergey
Published: October 2019

In this paper we presents the results of production tests of a new transporting devices type made of with using new polymeric materials based on ultrahigh-molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE). It is possible to improve the operational properties of technological cleaning lines for grain seeds and improve the quality of grain cleaning.
The thrashed mass kinematic parameters establishment in the roller thrashing unit clearance
Authors: Bogus Azamat E. , Pusikova Anastasia U.
Published: October 2019

Planetary mechanisms are used to create the working movement of operating bodies of metallurgical and mining machines. Rolling working bodies, for the drive of which the planetary mechanisms are used are increasingly used in the designs of harvesters. The processes taking place in the differential threshing devices of harvesters are poorly studied due to the lack of information about the properties of the material in the case of rapidly changing stresses in them. The present work is a result of the analysis of theoretical and experimental researches in threshing. We described the technological scheme of the shock–vibration threshing device and the principle of its operation. There were studied the possible options of the placement of rollers and a concave. The relationship between the angular velocities of a roll, rollers and a concave was found out. The installation of three–sided rollers on the threshing device according to the scheme proposed by us makes it possible to shake the whole threshed rice mass from 75 to 110 times per second.
Constructive-technological diagram of the rotary–string cultivator and the definition of its main parameters
Authors: Konovalov Vladimir , Konovalov Sergey , Igumnova Victoria
Published: October 2019

Organizing technological processes in accordance with adopted system of agriculture, producers of agricultural products tend to get maximum possible yield with minimizing costs and increasing the level of soil fertility. A fallow system is one of effective systems of soil processing for accumulation of nutrients and moisture, as well as weed control. Fallow cultivation of soil is used when using this system for weed control. First cultivation is carried out with help of fallow or continuous cultivators, which have low productivity and high energy intensity. To eliminate these shortcomings, authors proposed a structural and technological scheme of a rotor-lug cultivator, the main element of which is rotor-string working bodies on flexible shaft. Tillage rotary-string work by hauling leads to propelling-rotational effects. There were obtained analytical dependences for determining speed of string required for cutting stem of weeds under different physical-mechanical parameters of stem and soil, as well as technological indicators of a cultivator’ operation. The authors obtained expressions for determining the radius of string installation from axis of rotation, angle of section installation to the direction of motion of energy means, as well as the number of strings required for guaranteed cutting of weeds deeper than the point of growth.
Features of heat treatment of grain in dryers of the contact type
Authors: Sutyagin Sergey , Pavlushin Andrey , Ageyev Petr
Published: October 2019

The main types of use of thermal impact on grain used in agricultural production are analyzed. The perspective patented design of energy–saving installation for grain drying is offered. The installation uses a contact method of heat supply to the processed product. The results of studies on the optimization of the main parameters of the grain drying process are presented.
Intellectual technology of detection of anomalies in the aquatoria ecosystems of the Sevastopol on the basis of data clustering
Authors: Skatkov A. , Bryukhovetskiy A. , Moiseev D.
Published: October 2019

The main features associated with the development of intelligent technology for detecting anomalies of ecosystems in the waters of the city of Sevastopol are considered. An approach is proposed, the feature of which is to ensure continuous monitoring of key environmental indicators presented in the form of heterogeneous information flows: hydrometeorological information, data on the level of pollution and air composition, soil, environmental monitoring, monitoring of maximum permissible emissions of harmfulsubstances in order to detect changes in the state of data flow monitoring. The proposed method for thedetection of anomalies of ecosystems of the water area is based on data clustering. We consider typicaloperations on clusters and main metrics based on the Kullback information measure.
Precise seeding planter concept with air pumped seedtube
Authors: Markvo Ilia , Zubrilina Elena , Novikov Vitaliy
Published: October 2019

The current methods for seed placement in row planting equipment is accomplished with a variety of mechanically driven vehicles. In this context, robotics and automation play a crucial role. However, agricultural working environments require specific solutions regarding positioning and motion control of autonomous vehicles. Our research involves the process of modern sowing device’s designing and developing. The technical result is in the increase in functionality by ensuring quality control of sowing, determining the seed speed during sowing and the possibility of changing the seed speed during sowing. The proposed utility design has many advantages compared with the prototype and other wellknown technical solutions.
The calculation analysis of the geometric parameters for shock separation during threshing
Authors: Fisunova Elena , Lavrenova Tatyana , Baryshnikova Olga
Published: October 2019

This analysis was made on the basis of the developed methodology for the geometric parameters calculating of the working bodies, which allows changing their sizes. The described algorithm and the programdeveloped on the basis of it made it possible to calculate the position of the grains and the threshingelements depending on time with the ability to change the time interval within certain limits. Find collision parameters for various laws of grain motion and peripheral speeds of the drum, assuming that themass of the threshing element is infinitely large compared to the mass of the grain.
Automation of technological process of obtaining pectin
Authors: Belousova Anna I. , Donchenko Lyudmila V.
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the feasibility of automation of the process of obtaining liquid pectin for the production of functional beverages to ensure the desired quality and physiological properties. There were presented comparative differences between traditional operator panels and workstations. There was substantiated the expediency of control and regulation of main technological parameters of the process of extraction of pectin substances. There was described the algorithm of evaluating the results of real–time monitoring of the process.
Substantiation of the parameters of a typical seed-growing farms of the republic of kazakhstan on the basis of digitalization of seed production
Authors: Alchimbayeva A.S , Shibryaeva Lyudmila , Sadykov Zharylkasyn , Chaplygin Mikhail , Kaimova Rizvankoul
Published: October 2019

In general, the state of seed production in Kazakhstan can be characterized by the following figures. According to Kostanay branch of Kazakh research Institute of mechanization and electrification of agriculture total requirement of seeds is around 2 million tons. These farms provide 70% of the Republic'sfarms with seeds, the remaining 30% are imported from Russia. The studies have shown that all grain-producing regions of Kazakhstan can be classified into three categories according to the annual gross grain harvest, respectively, 16; 15; 3.26 and 2.9 million tons. It is advisable that typical seed farms have the following characteristics: in the first category of regions — the average area of one farm — 2.8 thousand hectares, the average annual grain harvest — 8.06 thousand tons, agro term — 10 days, the required total seed collection -1.78 million tons for all seed farms in the amount of 220 units. Accordingly, in the second category of regions — 1100 hectares; 2.82 thousand tons; 9.5 days 360 thousand tons and 128 units. In a third category — 322 hectares of 1.02 million tons, or 9.1 days, 320 thousand tons and 312 units. Total number of typical specialized farms should be approximately 660 units.
The iron-containing electric-furnace steelmaking waste: physical and chemical properties and acidic modification
Authors: Sverguzova Svetlana , Sapronova Zhanna , Shaihiev Ildar , Svyatchenko Anastasia
Published: October 2019

The electric furnace steelmaking dust is formed at melting metalized pellets in electric-arc steel-making furnaces and is a largetonnage waste. It contains such elements as Fe, Mg, Al, C, Si, Zn, Mn, Na. The ferrous and ferric iron compounds in the EFS dust are mostly presented with oxides — the compounds, which are poorly soluble in aqueous media and can’t take part in exchange reactions under ordinary conditions. The acid treatment with HCl allows obtaining a coagulating suspension, which can be usedfor wastewater treatment. Besides, there was detected up to 14 % of CaO, both free and in calcium silicates such as CaSiO3 and Ca2SiO4. So, in the process of treatment with EFS dust the formation of polysilicic acids helps increasing the purification efficiency.
Modelling and validation of dynamic parameters and material heterogeneous damping properties of foundation structures and subsoils
Authors: Voskresenskiy Michail , Mikhaylov Victor , Pakhmurin Oleg
Published: October 2019

In this paper, an integrated technology for performing finite element calculations in SCAD Office FEA-software with instrumental verification of actual dynamic characteristics of load-bearing structures and subsoils with the use of seismic hardware-software complex REGISTR is proposed.
Deformation and fracture simulation of Ni3Al alloy under shock loads
Authors: Belov Nikolay , Yugov Nikolay , Lipatnikova Yana , Starenchenko Vladimir
Published: October 2019

A theoretical study of the deformation and fracture behavior of Ni3Al alloy under shock loading has been carried out. The finite element method simulation was used within the approach that combined modeling in terms of the dislocation kinetics of alloys with the L12 superstructure and the mechanics of a deformable solid. The dislocation kinetic model of the alloys with the Ll2 superstructure defined the hardening of Ni3Al punch and plate materials, while the model of the mechanics of a deformable solid described deformation of the macrovolume.
A Micromechanical Model of Additively Manufactured Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Emelianova Evgeniya , Romanova Varvara , Zinovieva Olga , Balokhonov Ruslan , Zinoviev Aleksandr , Sergeev Maksim
Published: October 2019

A micromechanical model is developed to predict the deformation behavior of additively manufactured aluminum alloys. Three-dimensional models of grain structures typical for different microregions of the melt pool are generated by the step-by-step packing method. A crystal plasticity-based constitutive model accounting for the elastic-plastic anisotropy of face-centered cubic crystals is employed to simulate the microscale deformation in an additively manufactured aluminum alloy under loading. The grain shape and texture effects on the plastic strain localization patterns are analyzed.
Computational analysis of deformation and fracture in composite materials and coatings
Authors: Balokhonov Ruslan , Bakeev Rustam , Romanova Varvara , Emelianova Evgenia , Sergeev Maksim , Zinoviev Aleksandr , Zinovieva Olga , Batukhtina Ekaterina , Schwab Eugene
Published: October 2019

Deformation and fracture of metal-ceramic composites and coatings under quasistatic tension, compression, shear, and during cooling from the melt to room temperatures are numerically investigated. Dynamic and quasistatic boundary-value problems are solved in twoand three-dimensional formulations by the finite-difference and finite-element methods. Constitutive models include the isotropic hardening of aluminum and fracture of ceramic particles. Composite microstructure is taken into account explicitly. Analysis of the fracture in composites is carried out, with the residual stresses being not taken into consideration. Origination of cracks in the near-interface regions of bulk tension and their propagation in ceramic particles are investigated. Residual stresses formed during cooling of the composites are calculated for different volume fractions of particles.
Autowave nature of plasticity. Scale invariance
Authors: Zuev Lev
Published: October 2019

The generality of localization of plastic deformation, which is observed at the stage of linear work hardening for HCP, BCC and FCC monoand polycrystals of pure metals and alloys, is considered. It was found previously that the motion rate of localized flow autowave is related to the reciprocal value of the work hardening coefficient by a linear law, which is universal in character. This is further substantiated by the results of the given study. The waves of plastic flow localization are found to have dispersion law. It has been established that in order to address the autowave of localized deformation, a quasi-particle may be introduced. The quasi-particle’s characteristics have been defined.
Modelling of the processes of impact of a projectile with elements of individual defence
Authors: Kraus Aleksandr , Kraus Evgeny , Shabalin Ivan
Published: October 2019

A two-dimensional and three-dimensional non-stationary problem of the interaction of a homogeneous impactor and a heterogeneous structure made of steel and ceramics and placed in a Kevlar pocket is considered. The model of the human body is a plate of gelatine with cylindrical inserts-imitators of human bones. The results of numerical simulation using different approaches for describing heterogeneous media are compared. On the basis of direct numerical simulation, it is shown that the gradient armor plate (steel + B4C) has the best weight and size parameters.
Strength and rigidity of the masonry fragment in a fuzzy setting
Authors: Adishchev Vladimir , Kucherenko Irina , Teterina Maria
Published: October 2019

The strength and stiffness of masonry depend on various factors, such as the properties of the brick and mortar, their specific volume, relative position and quality of adhesive bonds. A high degree of uncertainty of these factors and a large scatter of experimental data in the testing of bricks and mortar are the important features of the masonry. In this paper, we present a mathematical model that allows us to determine the averaged characteristics of masonry based on the mechanical properties of substructural materials and their specific volume content in a fuzzy setting. All input parameters allowing to obtain fuzzy estimates of stresses and deformations of a brickwork fragment are determined by membership functions. For a representative volume of masonry, dependencies are obtained that allow to determine the level of destructive loads and the nature of destruction.
Generating finite element method in constructing complex-shaped multigrid finite elements
Authors: Matveev Aleksandr
Published: October 2019

The calculations of three-dimensional composite bodies based on the finite element method with allowance for their structure and complex shape come down to constructing high-dimension discrete models. The dimension of discrete models can be effectively reduced by means of multigrid finite elements (MgFE). This paper proposes a generating finite element method for constructing two types of three-dimensional complex-shaped composite MgFE, which can be briefly described as follows. An MgFE domain of the first type is obtained by rotating a specified complex-shaped plane generating single-grid finite element (FE) around a specified axis at a given angle, and an MgFE domain of the second type is obtained by the parallel displacement of a generating FE in a specified direction at a given distance. This method allows designing MgFE with one characteristic dimension significantly larger (smaller) than the other two. The MgFE of the first type are applied to calculate composite shells of revolution and complex-shaped rings, and the MgFE of the second type are used to calculate composite cylindrical shells, complex-shaped plates and beams. The proposed MgFE are advantageous because they account for the inhomogeneous structure and complex shape of bodies and generate low-dimension discrete models and solutions with a small error.
Numerical investigations of shape of the reflecting surface made of knitted mesh fabric being pulled on the curvilinear frame
Authors: Meshkovsky Vitaly , Sdobnikov Anatoly , Churilin Sergey , Kisanov Yuri
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the surface shaping numerical investigations results of truss space constructions mesh reflectors, such as antennas and calibration and adjustment satellites. Shape-generating structure of mentioned constructions adds up to set of triangular facets, made in the form of spatio-curvilinear bar frames, bearing reflecting knitted mesh fabric pulled on it. This work proposes the algorithm of calculation of step-by-step reflecting mesh pulling on the bearing frame’s bars process, using finite elements method. Numerical execution of the developed algorithm involves for resolving the linear elasticity theory first-type boundary value problem, which implies integration of elastic body equilibrium equations without taking into account mass forces when kinematic boundary conditions are given. Analyzing when having done numerical calculations, it's possible to determine what grade obtained shapes of reflecting surfaces are precise with, and to find possible for developing variants of the antenna structure, which would allow to obtain the reflector surface shape with required accuracy by using flexible cables as a part of shape-generating structure. Comparing results of numerical investigations with experimental data received using full-scaled model of spherical calibration and adjustment satellite shows satisfactory qualitative and quantitative matching of both results.
Impact of genetically nonlinear application of external loads on the stress-strain state and on the principal vibration modes of reinforced concrete frame buildings on elastic subsoil
Authors: Pakhmurin Oleg , Mikhaylov Victor , Khamgushkeev Matvey
Published: October 2019

In this paper authors discuss the impact of genetically nonlinear application of external loads on the stress-stain state and on principal vibration modes of reinforced concrete frame structures on elastic foundation. The reader will find a methodology for integrated numerical and instrumental analysis. Six examples of linear and nonlinear FEA-models calculated in SCAD Office are given in comparison.
3D simulation of dry friction of metal-based composites
Authors: Smolin Alexey , Eremina Galina , Parpura Dmitriy
Published: October 2019

A numerical 3D model of friction at mesoscale of the contact patch between steel samples and composite steel samples with carbon nanoinclusions has been developed based on the movable cellular automaton method. The response function of automata simulating steel corresponds to an elastic-plastic body with linear hardening, and the function for simulating carbon corresponds to an elastic-plastic body with bilinear hardening. Von Mises criterion is used for breaking bonds between the automata, and the criterion based on plastic heat is used for coupling the automata. The values of basic parameters of the model, as well as the loading conditions, that allow the formation of the characteristic quasi-liquid layer in the friction zone are determined. It was shown that the presence of carbon nanoinclusions in the contact region leads to decreasing of the coefficient of friction, lower values of stress, and higher shear strain in the friction zone.
Features of the experimental determination of the elastic characteristics of epoxy resin with the addition of silicon dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Filippov Artem
Published: October 2019

Current work describes experimental determination Young modulus of polymer composition based on epoxy resin filled two types of silicon dioxide nanoparticles with different average diameter. It is shown, that each type of powder differently increases the Young's modulus of the epoxy resin for constant concentration. For Tarkosil powders, the increase in Young's modulus for filled epoxy was from 7 to 25% with a decrease in the average particle diameter from 48 to 18 nm. The change in the Young's modulus of the polymer is significantly less with the addition of Aerosil powders. Young's modulus increased from 0 to 15% with diameters from 12 to 8 nm.
Numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of a coal seam caused by an explosion of a blast-hole charge with an annular gap
Authors: Shipovskii Iwan , Odintsev Vladimir
Published: October 2019

The computer simulation of the propagation of a blast wave generated by various explosives is carried out. The simulation used numerical methods to solve dynamic problems in the mechanics of a deformable solid, which allow one to investigate the development of waves during the explosion of charges of various shapes at different speeds of detonation of explosives and various conditions of placement of charges in the hole. The novelty of the research is related to analysis of conditions for the formation of a tensile pulse, which determines the opening of natural and induced defects in a zone remote from the explosion (from 20 to 100 radii of charge), which is known as the zone of explosive pre-fracture.
Postoperative epidurale Hämatome: Verhinderung, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Bullmann Viola
Published: October 2019

Das lumbale epidurale postoperative symptomatische Hämatom ist selten, mit einer Häufigkeit von 0.2 %. Als Risikofaktor für das Auftreten symptomatischer periduraler Hämatome werden aufwendige wirbelsäulenchirurgische Operationen, Alter der Patienten > 60 Jahren, perioperative Einnahme von NSAR, Verwendung von Antikoagulantien, sowie ein niedriges Hämoglobin < 10 mg/dL und eine niedrige Thrombozytenzahl erwähnt. Die typischen Symptome sind starke Rückenschmerzen, motorische Defizite oder eine Reithosenanästhesie. Bei Auftreten der Symptome ist ein zeitnahes MRT zur Diagnosesicherung zu veranlassen und die Ausdehnung des Hämatoms in kranio-kaudale Ausrichtung zu beschreiben. Die operative Intervention mit Hämatomausräumung, Spülung und Blutstillung hat innerhalb eines Zeitfensters von < 8 h eine gute Prognose.
Systemische Chemotherapie beim Urothelkarzinom in Deutschland – Eine Umfrage der Arbeitsgemeinschaften Urologische Onkologie und Internistische Onkologie der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft e. V.
Authors: Hupe Marie Christine , Merseburger Axel S. , de Wit Maike , Rexer Heidrun , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Krege Susanne
Published: October 2019

Hintergrund Im Jahr 2016 wurde die erste deutsche S3-Leitlinie zum Harnblasenkarzinom veröffentlicht. Im Rahmen dieser Studie soll die nationale Versorgungssituation des Urothelkarzinoms in Deutschland mit Fokus auf die medikamentöse Therapie aufgearbeitet, anhand aktueller Leitlinienempfehlungen bewertet sowie mit internationaler Literatur zu ähnlicher Fragestellung verglichen werden.

Material und Methoden Es wurde ein Fragebogen entwickelt und an über 4000 Urologen und Onkologen in Deutschland versandt. Der Fragebogen beinhaltete Fragen zum jährlichen Patientenaufkommen sowie zur Anwendung der operativen und hauptsächlich medikamentösen Therapieoptionen in den verschiedenen Stadien des Urothelkarzinoms. Es konnten 278 Fragebögen ausgewertet werden.

Ergebnisse Dieses ist die größte deutschlandweite Querschnittsstudie zur systemischen Therapie des Urothelkarzinoms. Im Bereich der palliativen Systemtherapie werden die Leitlinienempfehlungen ausgeschöpft. Bei den Indikationen für eine intravesikale Instillationstherapie sowie (neo-) adjuvante Chemotherapie besteht Optimierungspotenzial hinsichtlich der Leitlinienadhärenz, v. a. im Hinblick auf die Anzahl verabreichter Chemotherapiezyklen.

Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt sollte die Leitlinienadhärenz verbessert werden. Neben neuen Diagnose- oder Therapieoptionen könnte auch eine striktere Leitlinienadhärenz die krebsspezifische Mortalität perspektivisch verringern.
Wundversorgung des diabetischen Fußes
Authors: Trocha Anna Katharina
Published: October 2019

Als Goldstandard gilt es, beim diabetischen Fußsyndrom Sensibilität, Perfusion und den Infektstatus zu überprüfen, bevor eine stadienadaptierte Wundtherapie inklusive Wunddébridement und Druckentlastung erfolgt. In diesem Beitrag sind die einzelnen Schritte von Diagnostik zur Therapie, beginnend mit dem Auffinden der auslösenden Überlastungsreaktion über die Wundbehandlung bis zur äußeren Druckentlastung, dargestellt.
An Efficient Deprotection of 2,6-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic Esters via Catalytic Protodeboronation Using Tetrabutyl­ammonium Fluoride
Authors: Urata Sari , Nojima Shinya , Makino Kazuishi , Shimada Naoyuki
Published: October 2019

We herein describe an efficient deprotection of 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic esters, which serve as effective protective groups for 1,2- or 1,3-diols in various organic transformations, via protodeboronation by using a catalytic amount of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF).
Delayed Onset Abducens Nerve Palsy following Uncomplicated Large Cystic Vestibular Schwannoma Resection: Case Report
Authors: Sayyahmelli Sima , Aydin Pinar , Baskaya Mustafa K.
Published: October 2019

Although delayed facial palsy after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery is a poorly understood but a well-known phenomenon, other delayed cranial nerve palsies in the cerebellopontine angle have not been reported after VS surgery. In this report, we describe a 54-year-old woman with a large cystic VS who experienced double vision and a new delayed onset right abducens nerve (AbN) palsy, 3 weeks after gross total resection of VS via a translabyrinthine approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing delayed isolated AbN palsy after uncomplicated VS surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging findings and the management of this complication following VS surgery are discussed in this case report.
Use of String of Pearls Locking Plate System, Intramedullary Pin and Lag Screws for the Treatment of an Intra-Articular Olecranon Fracture in a Lamb
Authors: Walmsley Darby W. , Shaw Tania , Kudnig Simon T.
Published: October 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe a case of an intra-articular olecranon fracture in a lamb repaired using a String of Pearls locking plate system, intramedullary pin and lag screws.

Materials and Methods A 6-month-old, 20 kg, purebred male Merino lamb was referred for evaluation of a non-weight bearing lameness of the left thoracic limb of unknown duration. Orthogonal radiographic assessment of the left elbow revealed a complete, closed, long sagittal oblique, minimally displaced fracture of the olecranon involving the ulnar shaft at the level of the radial physis, extending proximally through the distal semilunar notch to the mid-body of the olecranon. The fracture was repaired using a String of Pearls locking plate system spanning both the proximal radius and olecranon, an intramedullary pin in the ulna and lag screws across the fracture line.

Results Orthogonal radiographic assessment of the left elbow at 8 weeks postoperatively revealed implant quiescence with radiographic union of the fracture site. Long-term telephone follow-up at 3 and 6 months postoperatively found the patient was no longer restricted in activity, with free access to the field, and was not displaying an overt lameness.

Clinical Significance The authors describe a novel method to treat an intra-articular in a lamb olecranon fracture in a lamb using a String of Pearls locking plate system, intramedullary pin and lag screws.
Spin current detection in antiferromagnetic CuMnAs
Authors: Gamino M. , Cunha R. O. , Mendes J. B. S. , Rezende S. M. , Azevedo A.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we investigate the spin current to charge current conversion properties of the metallic collinear antiferromagnetic (AF) CuMnAs. Bilayers of Permalloy (Py = Ni81Fe19)/CuMnAs and yttrium iron garnet (YIG = Y3Fe5O13)/CuMnAs were investigated by means of the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) using spin pumping effect and spin Seebeck effect experiments in which a spin-current generated in the ferromagnetic layer is injected into the AF layer. The CuMnAs layers with the thickness in the range of 3–20 nm grown by sputtering have a textured polycrystalline structure in the tetragonal phase. By measuring the ISHE current of each bilayer, we were able to obtain two key spintronic parameters: the spin Hall angle (θSH) and the spin diffusion length (λsd) for CuMnAs, which are θSH=0.009 and λSd=2.7 nm. With this investigation, we show that the unique AF material CuMnAs can be used as a spin-current detector, which opens up new avenues for AF spintronics.