bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding of Vrikka Vidradhi w.s.r. to Renal Abscess
Authors: TS Dr. Mamatha , Swamy Shankar S. , Shailaja Dr. S. V.
Published: November 2018

Acharya Sushruta and Charaka, described Vrikka Vidradhi under Abhyantara Vidradhi, Vrikka Vidradhi is also mentioned and reflect the symptom of Parshva Sankocha, and it can be correlated with Renal abscess. Renal Abscess is a collection of pus around kidney. Renal abscess is an uncommon disease caused by trauma and infection associated with kidney stone. Renal abscess is caused by infection with enteric gram-negative bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus is the etiologic agent in 90% of cortical abscess cases. Renal abscesses most commonly occur in individuals with diabetes mellitus with or without urinary tract obstruction. Common symptoms in patients with renal corticomedullary abscess include fever, chills, nausea / vomiting and flank or abdominal pain. Percutaneous drainage plus parenteral antibiotics is indicated as the initial treatment for abscesses 3-5cm in size. In cases that involve perirenal abscess or infected urinoma, also place a percutaneous perirenal drain. Hence an attempt is made to understand Vrikka Vidhradi in relation to renal abscess.
Review on etiopathogenesis and role of lifestyle modification in the management of Khalitya (hairfall)
Authors: Dhoke Dr. Sujata P. , Vyas Dr. Hitesh A. , Vyas Dr. Mahesh K.
Published: November 2018

Now a days, the world is full of glamour and glory. The concept of beauty is gaining more and more attention globally, which is defined on some factors, amongst them hair is an important one. Hair is a mirror of healthy or unhealthy state of the body. Ayurvedic approach, falling of hair is coined as Khalitya. In Ayurvedic texts management of Khalitya has been described in the form of Nasya, Shiroabhyanga, Shirolepa and Rasayana therapy. The main aim of this paper is to explain the Nidana of Khalitya in present era and treat the disease too.
A Comprehensive Review on Trividha Pareeksha in current scenario
Authors: VS Dr. Sreelekshmi , MJ Dr. Prashasth , . Dr. Muralidhara
Published: November 2018

In Ayurveda the term Pareeksha is used in place of Pramana. The synonyms of Pareeksha are Pramana, Saadana, Jnana, Upalabdhi. Any abnormalities in the normal structural, physiological, or psychological aspects of the body is a disease. For proper treatment of any disease perfect diagnosis is a must. In Ayurveda, the method of diagnosis mainly depends on the proper understanding of Dosha and Dooshya. Aptopadesha, Pratyaksha and Anumana Pareeksha helps in understanding the stage, state and site of Dosha; state of Dooshya and the site of Dosha Dooshya Sammurchana. Trividha Pareeksha’s like Darshana, Sparshana and Prashna holds relevance in the current clinical methods like history taking, general examination and systemic examinations. ‘Rogamadou Pareekshet Tathoanantharam Oushadam’ before planning any treatment one should have complete knowledge of Roga and Rogibala. Examinations helps to obtain knowledge regarding the life strength and intensity of morbidity and life span. Pareeksha helps to arrive at proper diagnosis by understanding the condition of the patient. Trividha Pareeksha when employed appropriately helps to understand Roga - Rogiavastha more accurately.
Correction of Anovulation one of the major cause of Vandhyatva - A Case Study
Authors: Kapoor Dr. Karishma , A. Dr. Chethana Kumari , M. Dr. Ramesh
Published: November 2018

Anovulation is the failure to produce a mature ovum by ovary. Anovulatory factor is an important subset in infertility among women accounting about 40% of cases. In such patients ovulation induction is a rescuer. Infertility brings marital disharmony, social rejection which results in anxiety and disappointment. In Ayurveda, Vandhyatva is a Vata Dosha Pradhana Vyadi and Ovulation is under the control of Vata especially Apana Vata. Here Phalaghrita and Pushpadhanwa Rasa has been used to correct the anovulation. In this present article patient’s anovulation treated successfully
Accounting of energy consumption of passenger electric locomotives in locomotive operational depots
Authors: Aulov E. V. , Kuchumov V. A. , Kossov E. E. , Shirochenko N. N.
Published: November 2018

Energy efficiency of transportation process is constantly in the center of attention of specialists and managers of Russian Railways. Some of the new electric locomotives purchased under the investment project have shown unsatisfactory results on electric power consumption. According to the management of the JSC “Russian Railways”, electric locomotives EP20, designed for two types of current, have the highest specific energy consumption. These are modern electric locomotives with powerful asynchronous traction motors. Electric locomotives typically operate in passenger traffic. The purpose of the research was to analyze the accounting of energy consumption of passenger electric locomotives in the locomotive operating depots. The article provides results of a comparative statistical analysis of primary materials on the energy consumption of passenger electric locomotives EP20 and other series of electric locomotives such as EP2K DC and EP1M AC. According to the primary materials from the locomotive operational depots, it was found that passenger electric locomotives with trains of double-decker passenger cars have the highest specific energy consumption. Comparison of specific electric power consumption by electric locomotives with single-type passenger cars showed that with DC electric traction, the consumption level of the EP20 significantly exceeds the consumption of the electric locomotives EP2K; with an AC electric traction, the flow rate of the EP20 is almost equal to the specific electric power consumption of the EP1M electric locomotives. A comparative analysis of the load of EP20 electric locomotives during the maintenance of passenger trains allocated for it in the Moscow — Adler section showed that the electric locomotive was underloaded, which causes a decrease in its efficiency and, as a result, over-consumption of electricity. The use of high-power brake resistors will lead to energy consumption, which must be taken into account in the life cycle cost of EP20 electric locomotives.
Damping of dynamic forces by materials used in the construction of ballast and ballastless tracks. Polymer pads
Authors: Bel’kov V. M.
Published: November 2018

The article provides calculations of coefficients of polymer damping pads with elaborated materials that ensure minimal impact on soils under railway trackside and exclude its subsidence in a wide operating range of temperatures and frequencies. Application of additional metal plate between the pad under the rails and the pad on a sleeper was substantiated based on the theory of wave processes, that allows reducing amplitude of vibrational waves in rail and wheel by six times due to reflection in reversed phase at the “rail metal — polymer” border, and reduces the amplitude of the wave by three times due to reflection of vibrational waves in the “metal plate — pad — concrete sleeper” segment. Considering Russian extreme continental climate thermoplastic elastomers are recommended to use as under-rail pads, and polyurethanes for sleepers. An aluminum plate should be installed to increase damping factor between lining and pads. Such a composite lining can be operated at extremely low temperatures from –60 °С, and high to +80 °С. Significant amount of rubber and polyurethane pads is produced worldwide for different climatic and operating conditions. After conducting accelerated tests author suggests a transition to two or three types of “thermoplastic elastomer — metal — polyurethane” composite pads in order to unify a variety of different types of polymer pads according to the operating conditions, the material and construction used.
Primer registro de Dinoderus minutus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) de México
Authors: Sánchez-Soto Saúl , Romero-Gómez Guillermo , Romero-Nápoles Jesús
Published: November 2018

Dinoderus minutus (Fabricius) es registrado por primera vez en México. El 15 de agosto de 2015 se colectó un adulto en harina de maíz (Zea mays L.) en la ciudad de Bacalar, Quintana Roo (18˚40'39.1'' N, 88˚23'21.9'' W), y el 24 de marzo de 2016, 12 adultos se colectaron en bambú seco a 10.5 km al noreste de esta ciudad (18˚46'12.1'' N, 88˚20'13.1'' W), en Quintana Roo, ubicada al sureste de México.
Nuevo registro al norte de Colombia de la serpiente alacranera, Stenorrhina degenhardtii Berthold 1846 (Squamata: Colubridae), con comentarios sobre su comportamiento defensivo.
Authors: Acuña-Vargas Julio Cesar , Yepes-Pérez Yoelis , Jotty A. Karick
Published: November 2018

A confirmed record of the Scorpion-eating Snake, Stenorrhina degenhardtii (Berthold 1846), is provided for the valleys between the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta and Serrania de Perija in the municipality of El Molino, department of La Guajira. This record extends the geographic distribution of this species in the Caribbean Region, Northeast of Colombia. The information presented herein contributes to the knowledge of S. degenhardtii natural history and reptile diversity in the department of La Guajira, Colombia.
Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a small but voracious predator of Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Authors: Kondo Takumasa , Arcila Angela María , Colorado Laura Isabel , Campos-Patiño Yenifer , Sotelo-Cardona Paola
Published: November 2018

Se evaluó el efecto de depredación de Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) sobre ninfas de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) mantenidas en condiciones experimentales para la cría de Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Se realizó un ensayo empleando jaulas con capacidad para 9 plantas de Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae) infestadas con un promedio de 600 ninfas de D. citri y 100 adultos de T. radiata por jaula. Tres jaulas fueron expuestas a las hormigas y una sin exposición (Control). En cada jaula se contabilizó el número de ninfas sanas y parasitadas y el número de adultos de D. citri y T. radiata, cada 2 días durante 15 días. La exposición a la depredación por W. auropunctata afectó de forma significativa el número de ninfas que alcanzaron el estado adulto y el número de ninfas parasitadas por T. radiata (prueba exacta de Fisher). En las jaulas expuestas, cerca del 3% de las ninfas sobrevivieron al estado adulto en contraste con 18% en la jaula control. De igual manera se vio afectada la acción del parasitoide, con un 24% de ninfas parasitadas en las jaulas expuestas en contraste con 66% en la jaula control. Wasmannia auropunctata tiene gran potencial como controlador de esta plaga en viveros de cítricos. La hormiga también consume T. radiata de forma indirecta al consumir ninfas de D. citri parasitadas.
Influencia de la densidad de Odocoileus hemionus crooki Mearns, 1897, (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) en la abundancia relativa de puma Concolor stanleyana Goldman, 1938, (Carnivora: Felidae) y la relación en la depredación en una población reintroducida de Ovis canadensis mexicana Merriam, 1901, (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) en Coahuila, México
Authors: Sotelo-Gallardo Hugo , García-Salas Juan A. , Contreras-Balderas Armando J.
Published: November 2018

Las translocaciones han sido una importante herramienta de manejo para la restauración de poblaciones de borrego cimarrón (Ovis canadensis mexicana Merriam, 1901) en su rango histórico en Canadá, Estados Unidos y México. Estudios recientes han sugerido que la depredación del puma (Puma concolor stanleyana Goldman, 1938) tiene importantes efectos sobre la dinámica poblacional en grupos reintroducidos y nativos de borrego cimarrón en áreas donde esta especie es simpátrica con venado bura (Odocoileus hemionus crooki Mearns, 1897). Nuestra hipótesis es que, el tamaño de la población de venado bura determinará el tamaño de la población de los pumas que a la vez ejercerá presión sobre la población del borrego cimarrón. El estudio se basó en el monitoreo de 69 borregos cimarrones (28 machos, 41 hembras) capturados con una la técnica de rifle red desde un helicóptero; 43 borregos (3 machos, 40 hembras) fueron equipados con radio collares con sensores de mortalidad y liberados en 3 períodos entre los años 2009, 2012 y 2014; medimos la depredación por puma sobre borrego cimarrón instrumentados con radio collares de telemetría a través de MICROMORTS y la estimación de la densidad del venado bura a través de conteos físicos e índice de relativa abundancia de puma por medio de huella y/o signos en los años de 2009 al 2016. Analizamos las variables mediante un modelo de regresión múltiple encontrando una asociación lineal entre las variables, y la presión que ejerce sobre la población de borrego cimarrón.
Correlation between Tp-Te Interval and Myocardial Blush Grade Value in Anterior ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patient
Authors: Kaneko Rio Probo , Maharani Erika , Taufiq Nahar
Published: November 2018

Background: Clinical manifestations of coronary herat disease (CHD) may be an ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). In STEMI condition, there is a metabolic disorder and ion exchange disturbance which causes dispersion of transmural repolarization, as well as micro coronary circulation disturbance involving mechanism of microvascular dysfunction. The Tp-Te interval is an electrocardiogram paramener that could be described as the transmural dispersion of repolarization. Assessment of Myocardial Blush Grade (MBG) is a coronary angiography densitometry method that can be used to assess microvascular dysfunction. This study aims to examine the correlation between Tp-Te interval and MBG in anterior STEMI.Methods: The research desgin is cross sectional. Data were taken consecutive from August to November 2017. The Tp-Te interval assessment was performed on the basis of an electrocardiogram record from the subjects. The MBG value assessment was performed using a Quantitative Blush Evaluator (QuBE) computer program based on coronary angiography. The Tp-Te interval is divided into 2 groups: Tp-Te interval > 94 ms and Tp-Te interval ≤ 94 ms. The MBG values are divided into 3 groups: MBG QuBE 1, MBG QuBE 2 and MBG QuBE 3. The assessment of Tp-Te interval and MBG value was performed by observer in intra-observer which were acknowledged based on Kappa and blindness conformity test results against patient clinical data. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between Tp-Te interval and MBG value, while logistic regression test was used for multivariate test.Results: Of the total 32 study subjects, there were 23 subjects with Tp-Te interval >94 ms and 9 subjects with Tp-Te interval ≤94 ms. There was a negative correlationwith moderate strength between the Tp-Te interval and the MBG value in the anterior STEMI patients (r =-0.501, p =0.004). There was a prevalence ratio of 4.304 between Tp-Te interval >94 milliseconds against MBG QuBE 1 (95%CI: 1.264-14.658, p <0.001). Multivariate tests showed Tp-Te intervals consistently as independent risk factors for MBG values in subjects with anterior STEMI.Conclusion: There is a negative correlation with moderate strength between the Tp-Te interval and the MBG value in the anterior STEMI patients.
Direct Synthesis of Sodalite from Kaolin: The Influence of Alkalinity
Authors: Sari Meyga Evi Ferama , Suprapto Suprapto , Prasetyoko Didik
Published: November 2018

Alkalinity is one of the most important factors that influence the crystallization process of zeolite and the product properties. The influence of alkalinity on the synthesis of sodalite from kaolin without calcinations was reported in this research. The synthesis of sodalite using molar ratio of Na2O/Al2O3 = x, H2O/Na2O = 128/x and SiO2/Al2O3 = 2/x, where x was the variation of molar ratio of alkalinity: 10, 20, 30, and 40. The synthesis has done by stirring for 6 h, without aging, and the crystallization time was 24 h under hydrothermal method (100 °C). The products were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The X-ray diffraction pattern and infrared spectroscopy shown that pure sodalite was formed by using molar ratio of alkalinity 10, 20, and 30. The crystallinity and particle size increase along with increasing of alkalinity. Quartz was formed by using molar ratio of alkalinity 40.
Effect of CO2 Flow Rate and Carbonation Temperature in the Synthesis of Crystalline Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) from Limestone
Authors: Wardhani Sri , Prasetia Fanny , Khunur Mohammad Misbah , Purwonugroho Danar , Prananto Yuniar Ponco
Published: November 2018

The effect of CO2 flow rate and carbonation temperature were studied in the synthesis of PCC from limestone using carbonation method. The synthesis was started by dissolving CaO that was obtained from calcination of limestone into HNO3 6M. The solution was then added with ammonia solution and then streamed with CO2 until pH 8 with flow rates of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 L/min. The optimum flow rate obtained from this stage was then applied in the carbonation process with temperatures of 50, 80, 100, 150, 200, and 250 °C. The results showed that low flow rate give reasonably high yield but the yields obtained in every flow rate used in this work has insignificant difference based on F-test. The optimum flow rate used for the synthesis of PCC in the next stage was 0.5 L/min with a yield of 62.95%. Different carbonation temperature influences the polymorphs and crystallinity of the synthesized PCC. The synthesized PCC was analyzed by FT-IT, powder-XRD, SEM-EDX, and PSA. FT-IR analysis showed stretching vibrations of C–O at 1419, 1479, and 1384 cm-1 which correspond to calcite, vaterite, and aragonite respectively. Powder-XRD and SEM-EDX confirms that at the carbonation temperature of 50 °C, calcite and vaterite were formed, while at the carbonation temperature of 80 °C, mixture of calcite-vaterite-aragonite were obtained. Higher carbonation temperature changes the vaterite and aragonite polymorphs into calcite, and the best crystallinity was obtained at 250 °C. PSA analysis showed that the particle diameter of the synthesized PCC was about 3.58 to 38.14 µm.
Density-Functional-Theory Calculations of Formation Energy of the Nitrogen-Doped Diamond
Authors: Sholihun Sholihun , Kadarisman Hana Pratiwi , Nurwantoro Pekik
Published: November 2018

The geometry optimization of the nitrogen-doped diamond has been carried out by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We model the defective diamond of substitutional and interstitial nitrogen atoms by using a simple-cubic supercell. Atoms in the supercell are relaxed by allowing them to move so that the atomic forces are less than 5.0 × 10-3 eV/Å. We calculate the formation energy for substitutional and interstitial sites. We find that the formation energy for the substitutional defect is10.89 eV. We check the convergence of the calculation with respect to the k×k×k - Monkhorst-Pack grids. We show that the energy difference between k = 4 and 6 is very small (7.0 meV). We also check the calculations by using a 216-sites supercell and find that the energy difference is 0.10 eV. Thus, the calculations of the formation energy converge well. As for the interstitial defect, we model some possible configurations and find that the smallest formation energy is 21.88 eV. Therefore, the most stable configuration of the nitrogen-doped diamond belongs to the substitutional site.
Towards a Better Understanding of Australian Cultural and Social-Emotional Experiences of International Students
Authors: Newsome Linda K. , Helou Mary
Published: November 2018

This study examines the cultural and social experiences of international students using data collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, as part of case studies designed for this purpose. The participants in this study are all full-time international students (n=30), undertaking their educational qualifications at higher education institutions/providers in Sydney, Australia, and coming from Asia, Middle East and Far Eastern countries. As part of the case studies, the individual and personal transitional pathways/journeys of the students are sketched through a four-phase progressive cycle extending from an initial algorithmic/jumbled state, characterised by a crisis situation following the feelings of excitement and high expectations, moving into an experimental phase, characterised by continued culture shock and possibly denial. The student then goes into a transitional phase, characterised by making partial accommodation and adjustments; and, finally, gets into a new algorithmic state, characterised by routinisation, relative stability, acceptance of the new state, settlement and finding of coping mechanisms to handle the new order. Furthermore, the current study considers the way the geographical and social-emotional factors experienced shape the student’s individual experiences, self-concept, capacity to cope with life’s new challenges and level of satisfaction with the overall experience of studying overseas.
An Unexpected Precipitant of Delirium in a Patient with Developmental Delay
Authors: Rao Sandra , Jacobs Lawrence
Published: November 2018

Delirium is an acute change in mental status with a fluctuating course. It has numerous precipitating factors that can be classified using the DIMS-R framework, including structural changes and metabolic disturbances. Delirium is often under-recognized and numerous screening tools have been developed to aid diagnosis.
Teaching Residents how to Effectively Prescribe Nicotine Replacement Therapy on the Clinical Teaching Unit
Authors: Riley Shannon , Sitzer Nicole , Corriveau Sophie , Pond Gregory , Goto Yayoi , Rudkowski Jill C
Published: November 2018

Residents and medical students identified a lack of knowledge regarding Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) as a barrier to smoking cessation counselling. We hypothesized that a teaching session on NRT during an inpatient Internal Medicine rotation would increase learner comfort in prescribing these products.
Medical trainees on the Internal Medicine Clinical Teaching Unit (CTU) attended a teaching session during week 4 of an 8-week rotation. Pharmacy records from the 8-week period were retrospectively analyzed to determine NRT prescribing behaviour.
Pre-intervention, 5.8% (13/225) of new admissions received a NRT prescription. Post-intervention, 17% (31/182) of new admissions received a NRT prescription. Using a Fisher’s exact test, the percentage of new admissions that received a prescription was significantly different (p<0.001) between the pre- and post-intervention time frames.
This data suggests that integrating education on NRT into CTU teaching can significantly alter prescribing behaviour and improve access to NRT for patients who need it.
A CanMEDS Competency-Based Assessment Tool for High-Fidelity Simulation in Internal Medicine: The Montreal Internal Medicine Evaluation Scale (MIMES)
Authors: Chrétien Raymer Patrice , Makhzoum Jean-Paul , Gagnon Robert , Levy Arielle , Costa Jean-Pascal
Published: November 2018

Introduction: High-fidelity simulation is an efficient and holistic teaching method. However, assessing simulation performances remains a challenge. We aimed to develop a CanMEDS competency-based global rating scale for internal medicine trainees during simulated acute care scenarios. Methods: Our scale was developed using a formal Delphi process. Validity was tested using six videotaped scenarios of two residents managing unstable atrial fibrillation, rated by 6 experts. Psychometric properties were determined using a G-study and a satisfaction questionnaire.Results: Most evaluators favorably rated the usability of our scale, and attested that the tool fully covered CanMEDS competencies. The scale showed low to intermediate generalization validity.Conclusions: This study demonstrated some validity arguments for our scale. The best assessed aspect of performance was communication; further studies are planned to gather further validity arguments for our scale and to compare assessment of teamwork and communication during scenarios with multiple versus single residents.
Phlebolymphoedema: A Venous Etiology for Elephantiasis Nostras Verrucosa
Authors: Haghbayan Hourmazd , Coomes Eric Anthony
Published: November 2018

Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa is the end-stage manifestation of chronic, non-filarial, lymphatic insufficiency. While primary lymphatic disorders should be excluded, lymphoedema secondary to venous hypertension is a potentially common aetiology for this condition in developed nations. We present the case of a 62-year-old woman presenting with a four-year history of elephantiasis nostras verrucosa progressing to impairment of ambulation. Investigations for underlying pathology demonstrated the presence of bilateral chronicized deep vein thrombi, with a primary diagnosis of phelobolymphoedema being therefore retained. Following initiation of anticoagulation, wound care, and compressive bandaging, this patient was discharged to inpatient rehabilitation.
A informação - A mônada do século XX
Authors: Lopes Luís Carlos
Published: November 2018

Trata-se de um estudo teórico sobre o conceito de informação, onde se explora os aspectos filosóficos do problema, fundamentalmente, no interesse de se contribuir com parâmetros de pesquisa teórica no campo dos estudos das ciências da informação e da comunicação, voltados para os aspectos arquivísticos do problema. O autor critica a banalização do conceito tradicional de informação, procura a associar ao conhecimento e busca explorar as raízes da questão, por meio do exame da gênese de sua formulação. Destaca os autores que considera seminais e explica a importância de se estudar o problema.
Un regard divers: l’information et les archives au Québec
Authors: Lopes Luís Carlos
Published: November 2018

A entrevista que se segue foi realizada como parte das atividades do nosso pós-doutorado feito na Universidade de Montreal entre agosto de 1997 e fevereiro de 1998. Carol Couture, além professor titular da mesma universidade, é bastante conhecido no mundo francofônico e anglofônico, como um dos mais importantes teóricos e formadores no campo da arquivística. Esta é uma área de pesquisa relativamente nova e ainda pouco contemplada pelos estudos de pós-graduação no mundo latino-americano. O entrevistado é um dos principais responsáveis por uma corrente de pensamento – a arquivística integrada – que modificou a letargia da arquivística tradicional européia, auto-intitulada como uma disciplina auxiliar da história.
O hipertexto eletrônico como base para reconfigurar a atividade jornalística
Authors: Murad Angèle
Published: November 2018

Trabalho exploratório objetiva analisar como a ferramenta do hipertexto cria as bases para reconfigurar a atividade jornalística, ao proporcionar novas práticas de leitura e escrita, com o favorecimento à intertextualidade e à nova relação entre autor-obra-leitor. As potencialidades e os questionamentos que advêm da aplicação do hipertexto eletrônico para o jornalismo, bem como experiências em curso na rede, revelam a urgência de se realizar pesquisas aplicadas para analisar as práticas.
Propaganda: um romance quase perfeito
Authors: Pereira Rosane Da Conceição
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo, a publicidade é pensada como uma atividade que manifesta a representação racional de uma “realidade” suposta, embora através do apelo a fatores emocionais.  Ela constitui um verdadeiro “romance quase perfeito”, muitas vezes reelaborando as expectativas do público.  A partir da persuasão deste, o apelo emocional da retórica no texto e na imagem da propaganda obtém êxito.  A proposta é então pensar como a publicidade pode ser fundamentada na representação platônica, ainda que operada de modo contrário.
Communication et communautés en réseau
Authors: Campos Milton
Published: November 2018

Cet article essaie de démontrer le besoin d’une éthique de la communication en réseau fondée sur les notions du respect et de l’autorité d’un côté, et sur des mécanismes sociocognitifs de l’autre. Nous y discutons une nouvelle formulation théorique dans le but d’expliquer les processus interactionnels en réseau, notamment dans les communautés d’apprentissage, de pratique et d’intérêt mises sur pied grâce à l’utilisation de la technologie de systèmes asynchrones de forums. Ancré sur une esquisse d’un modèle de la communication en réseau, l’article essaie d’analyser comment des notions d’ordre moral s’appliquent dans les contextes sociocognitifs de la communication en réseau, quelles en sont les conséquences pour la constitution des communautés, et renseigne les individus ouverts au sujet de l’interprétation des mots pluriels qui s’ajustent selon le contexte.
Arte e democracia: Considerações sobre o meio e o ensino de arte no brasil
Authors: Rosas Reis Ronaldo
Published: November 2018

A hipótese do trabalho é a de que, no Brasil, em que pese a edição das diretrizes curriculares indicarem a existência de uma vontade política no sentido de ampliar o conhecimento da sociedade sobre a arte, ainda estamos longe de construir uma verdadeira democracia nesse campo da cultura. Nesse sentido o trabalho busca esclarecer de que modo e sob que circunstâncias históricas o pensamento conservador tem cerceado a produção artística no Brasil e, por outro lado, de que modo e sob que circunstâncias as novas diretrizes do MEC para o ensino de arte acentuam esse conservadorismo.
A análise do não verbal e os usos da imagem nos meios de comunicação
Authors: C. Clemente de Souza Tânia
Published: November 2018

Desenvolver, no âmbito da Análise do Discurso (escola francesa), perspectivas voltadas ao estudo da imagem (fílmica, fotográfica, artística, gráfica, publicitária, etc) em sua materialidade, no caso, o não verbal. Discutir a questão relativa à materialidade da linguagem (verbal e não-verbal), visando à formulação de um campo novo de descrição e análise do não-verbal, aquele que não vai pressupor, em primeira instância, o repasse do não-verbal pelo verbal. Descartando-se, assim, pressupostos outros como os oriundos da Lingüistica e da Semiologia no estudo da imagem, formula-se o conceito de policromia, base de análise da imagem.
Dispositivos discursivos e o campo jornalístico
Authors: Ferreira Jairo
Published: November 2018

Sugerimos uma abordagem do jornalismo a partir de conceitos que identifiquem os planos microssocial e macrossociais que o configuram. Na esfera microssocial, partimos do conceito de dispositivo discursivo, o qual substitui o termo (genérico) mídia. Na instância macrossocial, utilizamos os conceitos de campo social e habitus de Bourdieu, fazendo deslocamento em direção ao conceito de campos de significação. O que vai ser compartilhado entre o dispositivo discursivo, o campo social e de significação jornalístico é a produção da notícia. É em torno desse objeto específico que o jornalismo deve ser pensado em suas diferenciações.
Liver and Nutrition. An Optimal Diet for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Mayevskaya M. V. , Ivashkin V. T.
Published: November 2018

Aim. This review study is aimed at characterizing the nutrition of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

General findings.A high-calorie diet, followed even for a short period of time, can lead to an increase in the lipid content in hepatocytes and an increase in ALT values. These changes occur much earlier than weight gain, glucose metabolism disorders and other clinically obvious changes. So far, only the Mediterranean diet (or the Mediterranean type of food) has been scientifically confirmed as beneficial for human health. It is recommended for patients with NAFLD both by Russian and international clinical guidelines. The molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects on human health have been confirmed for such Mediterranean diet components as polyphenols, carotenoids, oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber. The enrichment of the Mediterranean diet with olive oil (+10 g) reduces the risk of diabetes mellitus by 40 %. The addition of Omega-3 fatty acids to food reduces the risk of hepatocellular cancer. A balanced ratio of omega 3 and omega 6 in the diet is more important than the absolute amount of individual fatty acids. Vegetables and fruit contain two main classes of antioxidants: polyphenols and carotenoids. In patients with NAFLD, they exhibit an anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effect both in vivo and in vitro. Food produced from whole grain has a lower energy potential as compared to that produced from refined grain. Meat contains various nutrients, such as proteins, iron, zinc, B12 vitamin, as well as sodium, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which serve as risk factors for the development of NAFLD and other cardio-metabolic disorders. In this paper, we present a clinical observation of a 51-year-old patient with NAFLD and cardio-metabolic disorders. Practical recommendations are given on changes in his lifestyle and the choice of optimal therapy with the application of multifunctional drugs affecting all disease aspects.

Conclusion.The concepts of ‘correct or healthy’ nutrition and ‘lifestyle modification’ are increasingly attracting much attention both in terms of the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Proper nutrition is important for a good life prognosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Principles of Rational Nutrition for Managing Constipation
Authors: Shulpekova Yu. O. , Sheptulin D. A. , Shulpekova N. V.
Published: November 2018

Aim.The aim of this work was to investigate the problem of constipation associated with a deficiency in dietary fibre and to develop principles for the nutritional management of this condition.

  Main findings.In countries characterized by the Western-style diet, only about 10% of people consume an optimal amount of fibre daily. As a result, primary normal-transit constipation is a common problem. A special role in maintaining the function of the colon belongs to carbohydrates. Keeping a food diary helps to choose an optimal type of nutrition for a patient and reduce the likelihood of flatulence. Food fibres (oligosaccharides and polysaccharides) play an especially important role. Viscous fibres are most capable of swelling, thus exhibiting metabolic effects at the level of the small intestine. Non-viscous and insoluble fibres increase the volume of feces, stimulate peristalsis and exert a prebiotic effect. A low content of fibre in the diet is a factor provoking intestinal dysbiosis followed by a decrease in  Bacteroides and Ruminococcus populations. Flavonoids also play an important role in the regulation of intestinal peristalsis and secretion. Under constipation of functional origin, the microbiota contains a significantly reduced amount of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides. Changes in the composition of microflora correlate with psychopathological symptoms. Strains capable of exhibiting a therapeutic effect in constipation include Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, a probiotic mixture of VSL#3, Florasan-D combined bacterium, DN-173 010 Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis), HN019 Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. For the prevention and management of constipation, functional food products enriched with oligo-, polysaccharides and probiotics are developed. Thus, various products of the Activia brand contain DN-173 010 Bifidobacterium lactis (ActiRegularis) at a concentration of at least 108 CFU / g. The consumption of fermented milk products with DN-173-010 Bifidobacterium lactis contributes to the elimination of subclinical discomfort in the abdomen in practically healthy people, reduces the time of colon transit and helps to normalise the frequency of defecation.

Conclusion.In most cases, the first stage in managing constipation is the normalisation of the diet by means of adding dietary fibre and probiotics into the composition of functional foods or medical preparations.
Autoimmune Hepatitis in Children: The Current State of the Problem
Authors: Volynets G. V. , Khavkin A. I. , Skvortsova T. A. , Matkash V. V.
Published: November 2018

Aim.To generalize the results of existing research studies carried out to investigate autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in children, and the contemporary approaches to the diagnosis and therapy of the disease. 

Key points. According to the results of serological studies, two types of AIH can be distinguished in children. AIH of type 1 is diagnosed, when anti-smooth muscle autoantibodies (ASMA) and/or antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) have been detected. AIH of type 2 AIH is diagnosed, when liver kidney microsomal autoantibodies (anti-LKM-1) and/ or anti-liver cytosolic autoantibodies (anti-LC-1) have been detected. Liver parenchymal inflammation responds well to a standard immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine. Disease relapses are observed in about 40% of patients during treatment. It is expedient to treat children at least for 2–3 years before attempting to cancel the treatment, which decision should be considered only when the levels of transaminases have remained normal and IgG has been negative, or autoantibody titers have been low (1:20 using immunofluorescence method) for at least a year. Before attempting to cancel the therapy, liver biopsy and histological study should be repeated in order to exclude the possibility of residual inflammatory changes. For a small number of patients, who do not respond to standard treatment and those who suffer from frequent disease relapses, it is advisable to offer an alternative immunosuppressive treatment, the effectiveness of which is still ambiguous and poorly understood (including, in order of priority, mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors, rituximab, Inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha). In cases of refractoriness to therapy and the disease progression to liver cirrhosis and its decompensation, liver transplantation is justified. It is shown that AIH might relapse after liver transplantation. De novo AIH develops after liver transplantation as a result of non-autoimmune diseases; it is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies (ANA, ASMA and typical or atypical anti-LKM-1), and histologically characterized by a pattern similar to that of AIH. De novo AIH after liver transplantation responds well to a classical immunosuppressive therapy, but not to a standard antiretroviral therapy. In the review, we discuss issues associated with the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of AIH in children. Approaches to the treatment and long-term observation of such children are reviewed, including, i.e., those formulated by the main group of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) members.

Conclusion. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in children has a progressive course with the outcome to liver cirrhosis. The presented review has summarized approaches to the diagnosis and selection of AIH therapy in children.
Structural and Functional Fundamentals of Alcoholic Disease
Authors: Paukov V. S. , Voronina T. M. , Kirillov Yu. A. , Malysheva E. M.
Published: November 2018

Aim. To suggest a new perspective on chronic alcohol intoxication by means of investigating the associated severe multiple organ pathology, which frequently becomes the cause of lethal outcome in patients suffering from drunkenness and alcoholism.

Key points. The empirical basis of the study consisted in the analysis of autopsy results obtained from 1,115 corpses of persons having abused alcohol during their lifetime. In addition, 800 experiments on rats were carried out.  As a result, a concept of alcoholic disease (AD) is proposed. AD is defined as a condition, in which chronic ethanol intoxication leads to the development of morphological changes in organs and systems: from minimal injuries of the microcirculatory pathway to a multiple organ pathology showing signs of alcoholism. AD pathogenesis is demonstrated to undergo 3 major stages, from (1) episodic alcohol intoxication, through (2) drunkenness and to (3) alcoholism. It is noted that, while the morphological changes are considered to be reversible during the first two stages, they become irreversible at the stage of alcoholism.

Conclusion. It is concluded that the forms of the disease that involve the described morphological changes in organs and systems should be primarily treated by physicians, not by psychiatrists and narcology practitioners who are only capable of dealing with the psychological aspect of the problem.
Políticas de formação de professores: construindo resistências
Authors: Cordeiro da Silva Kátia Augusta Curado Pinheiro
Published: November 2018

O texto analisa as políticas campo da formação, propostas no atual Governo Federal (2016-2018), com foco no programa de Residência Pedagógica. O programa se orienta pelo pragmatismo na concepção de formação de professores. Aponta-se para alguns elementos de crítica aos programa, indicando elementos de resistência para uma política de formação e profissionalização dos trabalhadores da educação, na epistemologia da práxis, nos termos defendidos pela área de Educação e pela Associação Nacional pela Formação dos Profissionais da Educação (Anfope).
Pior a emenda que o soneto: os reflexos da EC 95/2016
Authors: Martins Paulo De Sena
Published: November 2018

O objetivo é discutir a política de austeridade fiscal imposta pelo Governo Federal com a aprovação da Emenda Constitucional nº 95 de 2016 e seus impactos nas políticas sociais, dentre estas, a educação. A análise dos dados orçamentários que informam sobre os gastos públicos da educação demonstram que o Novo Regime Fiscal pode levar à “morte o PNE”, retirando-o, inclusive, da agenda política. Se EC 95 tem por objeto a recuperação econômica, infelizmente desconsidera a educação como indutora de outras políticas públicas, como multiplicador do PIB e fator de aumento da produtividade.
Consequências práticas da BNCC e da reforma do ensino médio
Authors: Em educação Confederação Nacional Dos Trabalhadores
Published: November 2018

Esta avaliação se pauta na análise sistemática dos principais instrumentos que institucionalizaram e visam regulamentar a “reforma do ensino médio”, com destaque para a Lei 13.415, que aprovou a antirreforma (impondo mais prejuízos que benefícios à etapa escolar), a Portaria MEC 727/2017, que instituiu o Programa de Fomento às Escolas de Ensino Médio em Tempo Integral (EMTI), e as minutas do Ministério da Educação sobre a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (DCN-EM), ambas enviadas para apreciação e aprovação do Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE).
DIGITISASI DAN PRINT-OUT CITRA RADIOGRAFI KARSINOMA NASOFARING
Authors: Purwanti Indri , Suparta Gede Bayu , Tjokronagoro Maesadji
Published: November 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang proses digitisasi dan print-out citra radiografi karsinoma nasofaring luaran suatu perangkat simulator di RS. DR.Sardjito. Proses digitisasi dilakukan menggunakan sistem frame grabber yang dikembangkan oleh Laboratorium Fisika Citra FMIPA UGM yang terhubung dengan sistem radiografi fluoroskopi. Setelah diperoleh 20 citra untuk sekali proses paparan radiasi, dilakukan proses normalisasi dan proses kalkulasi citra. Proses analisis terhadap citra hasil meliputi analisis visual, histogram, dan profil garis yang dilakukan menggunakan software New Image Analyzer 2007. Untuk kepentingan dokumentasi permanen, citra di-print-out. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, operasi add dapat memberikan kualitas visual citra terbaik, sebagaimana tampak di layar monitor maupun setelah di-print-out. Kualitas citra hasil print-out relatif tetap sepanjang spesifikasi printer yang digunakan sesuai.   Kata kunci: Digitisasi, Print-out, Frame Grabber, Radiografi Fluoroskopi, Karsinoma Nasofaring
Situating Educational Issues in Nunavut: Perceptions of School Leaders and Teachers
Authors: Preston Jane P.
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this article is to describe some educational contexts and challenges experienced by students and educators who live in Nunavut. The data for this qualitative study include twenty-four semi-structured interviews involving fourteen principals, vice-principals, and teachers from Nunavut. Four themes surfaced: student attendance, legacy of residential schools, lack of Inuktitut/Inuinnaqtun resources, and transient teachers. With regard to student attendance, participants viewed this issue as one of the most challenging aspects of their education system. Second, participants emphasized that the Nunavut Department of Education was promoting fluent Inuktitut/Inuinnaqtun and English learners. While participants valued the importance of maintaining the vitality of the Inuit language, they believed resources to promote the Inuit language were limited. Third, many principals indicated that the legacy of residential schools was a reason some school-parent relationships lacked an element of trust. Last, participants explained that the constant teacher turnover caused relational strains between educators, students, parents, and community members. Cultural compatibility theory was employed as the philosophical basis to conceptualize findings. This theory assumes that a student needs an educational experience where that learner can see, feel, hear, taste, and touch his/her cultural values and beliefs. The design of educational programs need to foster the unique identities of Inuit peoples through the implementation of curricula built upon local Inuit culture, language, and knowledge. In doing so, attendance issues within school can be addressed, for example. Also, when parents see their culture within the school curriculum and environment, they will feel more welcomed and at home in this familiar context.
Non-invasive evaluation of periodontal ligament stiffness during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Westover Lindsey , Faulkner Gary , Flores-Mir Carlos , Hodgetts William , Raboud Don
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

To evaluate the longitudinal changes in periodontal ligament (PDL) stiffness during orthodontic tooth movement using the Advanced System for Implant Stability Testing (ASIST).

Materials and Methods:

ASIST measurements of maxillary canines that were actively retracted into an extraction space were collected approximately once per month for 12 adolescent female patients. The ASIST Stability Coefficient (ASC) values, which are directly related to PDL stiffness, were determined for each visit to examine longitudinal changes for individual canines as they were exposed to different forces (approximately 80 and 150 g) during retraction.

Results:

The pattern of longitudinal changes in ASC was similar for both canines (regardless of the two force levels applied) in individual patients and across patients. All patients showed some decrease in ASC, with an average maximum reduction in stiffness of 73.4 ± 7.7%. Some recovery was observed for most patients; however, none of the patients had the PDL stiffness return to the pre-treatment value at the final measurement appointment which was some time close after space closure was completed. On average, the ASC value at the final measured visit was 48.1 ± 12.2% of the initial value. No measurements are available after removal of orthodontic appliances and during retention.

Conclusions:

The ASIST was able to detect changes in PDL stiffness during orthodontic treatment, providing some insight into the mechanical changes that occur at the tooth root interface.