bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty analysis of regionalized intensity-duration-frequency curves in Germany
Authors: Shehu Bora , Haberlandt Uwe
Published: March 2022

Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves are required for the design of several water systems and protection works. Typically, long (more than 40 years) station data are employed first to generate annual extremes (AMS) for different durations and then to fit a GEV probability distribution. Since station data are only point measurements, regionalization techniques are applied to estimate IDF curves at ungauged locations.  Prior results revealed that the best way to obtain IDF maps for Germany was kriging interpolation of parameters from very long stations with the parameters of the short stations acting as an external drift. However, how certain the obtained IDFs values are, and how to derive the uncertainty range at each location, remain still unanswered. Therefore, it is the objective of this study, to investigate the propagation of uncertainty in the regionalization of the IDF curves for Germany.

For this purpose, the available station data from the German Weather Service (DWD) for whole Germany are employed, which includes; 1100 sub-hourly (5min) recordings with observations period shorter than 20 years, and 89 sub-hourly (5min) recordings with 60-70 years of observations. Annual extremes are extracted at each location for different durations (from 5mins up to 7days), and local IDF curves are estimated according to Koutsoyiannis et al. (1998). The parameters of the obtained IDF functions are then interpolated using external drift kriging. Finally, quantiles are derived for each location, duration and given return period (Ta=2, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years). Through a non-parametric bootstrap, the uncertainty is estimated for three different components of the regionalization: i) local estimation of parameters, ii) variogram estimation and iii) spatial sampling distribution.  Simulated annealing is employed to ensure that the spatial resampling of locations represents the obtained variograms. The final uncertainty range is then considered as the 95% confidence interval of the obtained IDF curve for each location, duration and return period.      

The results of this study reveal how the uncertainty of annual rainfall extremes propagates from local estimation to the regionalization of IDF curves based on kriging theory. The comparison of the three components will shed light to the following questions: Which is the contribution of each component to the final uncertainty range of IDFs curve? How is the uncertainty range changing based on different durations and return periods? Are there any spatial trends in Germany regarding the uncertainty range of IDFs curves? 
Impact of Covid-19 on Georgian Insurance System
Authors: Kozhoridze Ilia
Published: March 2022

Insurance companies, as representatives of financial intermediaries, have an important role in stabilizing the country's financial system. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, great importance is attached to the effective financial and operational management of insurance companies, not only to ensure the sustainability of the financial system, but also their efficient operations are one of the main guarantees of the solvency of insurance companies. The Covid-19 pandemic revealed the weaknesses that existed in the global insurance system and provided us with important data to address potential problems in the future. The current pandemic has also accelerated existing digitization trends. Insurance companies will have to innovate and adapt as much as possible to the needs of consumers in order to withstand stiff competition. The aim of the research is to assess the impact of Covid-19 on insurance companies in Georgia, to identify its features, as well as to identify potential problems and develop recommendations for their elimination. The subject of research is the operational and financial functioning of insurance companies in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the object of research is Georgian insurance companies. Keywords: Covid-19, Insurance industry, Georgian insurance system, Insurance companies. Jel Codes: G01, G22.
Halal Meat Exports Enhancement of Pakistan: An Intermediating Role of Global Technical Standards in Quality Function Deployment Model
Authors: Asfia Noor , Awan Muhammad Usman , Munir Shahid
Published: March 2022

A lean and sustainable food supply chain is one of the major strategies that businesses all around the world have been trying to adopt to provide the customers quality food and to remain competitive in the global market. Many industrialists, researchers, and economists have focused on food quality because of the high importance of this issue in the global meat markets context. This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of Global Technical Standards (GTS) on Voice of Customers (VOC) and Exports Enhancement (EE). Halal meat industry and exports of Pakistan were the primary focus by using a mixed methodological approach. Initially, the quality function deployment (QFD) model was generated for the identification of exports requirements and competitive Novelty Analysis. Fourteen actors (experts) of Pakistan halal meat industry had participated in the identification of requirements and standards. Likewise, exporters from nine economies, including the United States of America, Brazil, Australia, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, India, Canada, and Pakistan, participated in Competitive Novelty Analysis. Secondly, 250 responses were generated from Pakistan’s halal meat industry on a five-point Likert scale. The findings of this study show a significant relationship between Voice of Customers (VOC) and Global Technical Standards (GTS). It was further highlighted that Global Technical Standards mediate the relationship between issues in exports and Exports Enhancement (EE) strategies.
Use of Functional Drinks in Preventive Nutrition
Authors: Акимова Наталья Анатольевна , Липатова Людмила Павловна , Соколов Александр Юрьевич
Published: March 2022

В работе исследованы функциональные напитки, которые рекомендуется использовать в питании студентов. Определены органолептические показатели, структура и свойства дегидратированных полуфабрикатов, предназначенных для изготовления функциональных напитков (кисели питьевые с различными вкусо-ароматическими свойствами). Исследованы сенсорные и реологические показатели качества, которые относят к наиболее важным технологическим факторам для процесса приготовления на предприятиях индустрии питания. В результате анализа теоретических аспектов качества полуфабрикатов и продукции из них, и с учетом полученных экспериментальных данных, сформулированы рекомендации для использования в профилактическом питании студентов высших учебных заведений, обладающих пониженным иммунитетом в периоды пандемий. Реализация функциональных (витаминизированных) напитков возможна как через торговые / вендинговые автоматы, так и в условиях предприятий питания.

The paper explores functional drinks that are recommended for use in the nutrition of students. The organoleptic characteristics, structure and properties of dehydrated semi-finished products intended for the manufacture of functional drinks (jelly with different flavoring properties) are determined. Sensory and rheological quality indicators, which are the most important technological factors for the cooking process in food industry enterprises, have been studied. A result of the analysis of the other aspects of the quality of semi-finished products and products from them, and taking into account the experimental data obtained, recommendations were formulated for use in preventive nutrition of university students with reduced immunity during pandemics. The implementation of functional (fortified) drinks is possible through vending / vending machines, as well as in the conditions of catering establishments.
Characterization, Concentration of Biochar and Titanspheres and Heavy Metals Assessment of Quercus Suber Cork Powder Fly Ash Fractions
Authors: Guimarães Renato , Guedes Alexandra , Valentim Bruno R.V.
Published: March 2022

Cork powder is categorized in the group of the biodegradable fraction of products and waste. In Portugal, the cork powder production ranges between 32 000 and 37 000 tons/year and is used as fuel, which generates ash. For this ash characterization and possible recycling, sieving (dry
and wet) and pre-treatments (ultrasounds and polycarboxylate) were tested in order to concentrate biochar, titanspheres and assess the fractions more suitable for fertilizer material. The samples were characterized via a combination of techniques: SEM/EDS, RLM, XRF, MRS and ICP-MS. For size-fractionation
of cork powder fly ash, dry sieving is not an efficient method, however, improved efficiency, especially in the <25 μm size-fraction, can be attained by preceding wet sieving with a combined pre-treatment of ultrasounds and polycarboxylate. A sequence method was applied for biochar concentration
and purification, however the amount of final biochar obtained is very low (1%wt.). The ICP-MS results indicate that the use of cork powder ash as fertilizer material in plant crops intended for human and animal consumption is not recommended, whereas other uses in soils are possible.
Environmental Management, Cleaner Production and Organizational Performance: a Structural Approach
Authors: de Paula Luciano Barcellos , Palacio Vélez Sandra Liliana , Ceballos Hermilson Velásquez
Published: March 2022

Organizations can redirect their business models to solve the problem of materials depletion using environmental management and cleaner production as practices of the circular economy. This study aims to measure the relationship between environmental management, cleaner production,
and organizational performance. Within this context, a survey of 372 companies was performed in the agro-industrial, manufacturing and construction sectors in three important productive regions of Colombia. Structural Equation Modeling was used for data analysis. The economic sector moderated
the relationship between the latent variables. This phenomenon was analyzed using a multi-group technique. The results show that Cleaner production is positively related to Organizational Performance at corporations. The results show that Cleaner production is positively related to Organizational
Performance at corporations. It was also observed that Environmental Management influences Cleaner Production. Finally, it is worth noting that productive sectors in Colombia tend to be committed to circular economy practices, some to environmental management and others to cleaner production
with an impact on organizational performance. The result of the study may be useful for domestic and foreign investors and managers, for analysts and researchers, and for educators. The rationale behind this is an understanding that interactions between environmental management and cleaner
production and organizational performance will influence the academic community or business activity to generate behaviors favoring the environment and sustainable development. These findings will be extremely useful for promoting future research studies on establishing an improved framework
for the promotion of environmental management and cleaner production practices primarily among Colombian productive companies. This work can also serve as a reference for other industrial sectors and countries.
European Green Deal: Indication of directions for the transformation of agricultural land use in Poland into organic farming
Authors: Jętkowska Jolanta
Published: March 2022

Organic agricultural land use in the European Union is one of the assumptions and challenges of the European Green Deal, also for Poland, where the share of organic agricultural land is among the lowest in Europe. With a share of 3.5% (2019) of organically farmed area, against an EU average of 8.1%, Poland ranks 23rd in the EU in this respect, out of 27 EU countries (Eurostat).
The purpose of this study is to indicate the directions of transformation of agricultural land use in Poland to organic farming in order to achieve 25% of organic agricultural land by 2030, according to the assumptions of the European Green Deal.
The study uses literature analysis, reports of the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection (2004-2020), EUROSTAT data and the method of data aggregation from the level of communes to the level of entire Poland.
Due to the fact that the level of development of organic farming in Poland depends on many conditions, including natural ones, the article identifies the agricultural production space valuation ratio developed by the Institute of Plant Cultivation, Fertilisation and Soil Science in Puławy as the basis for calculating the preferred area of organic farmland. On its basis the areas of agricultural land fulfilling the condition of occurrence of adequate natural factors, called "location rent", were calculated for particular Polish voivodships.
The model for calculating the size of organic farmland can be used as an auxiliary research tool in work on drawing up strategic plans for the development of organic farming and rural areas in Poland and in other countries in order to maintain the principle of sustainable development, which is the overarching goal of the European Green Deal strategy.
Equality in Exchange: A Rehabilitation of The Classical Concept
Authors: Máslo Lukáš Augustin
Published: March 2022

The author makes an effort to rehabilitate the classical concept of the equality in exchange which lies in the foundations of the theory of just price and the scholastic criticism of usury. The author supplies a proof that the non-equivalent contract of “exchange” is 1) a contradiction in terms because it represents a combination of a basic contract and a super-contract which contradict each other; and 2) an act of commutative injustice because the contractor negates implicitly within the super-contract what he declares explicitly in the basic contract. The following objections are being settled dialectically: objection of an isolated exchange, objection of voluntariness, objection of Paretovian efficiency, objection of rating, objection of greater evil. The author presents a proof that the just price in an isolated exchange is equal to the reservation price of the seller. The author contends that requiring a transfer from anyone becomes commutative injustice if this requirement is accompanied by 1) external direct pressure or 2) external indirect pressure or 3) deception. The external indirect pressure is defined by the author as a situation when a subject makes a transfer a condition for his consent to a basic contract within the super-contract. The contractor consents to the non-equality in “exchange” only if he wants to give a gift anyway. Since the injustice originates in the agent and benevolence of the sufferer does not cancel the injustice, the non-equivalent contract of “exchange” is an act of commutative injustice even if the sufferer wants to give a gift out of his benevolence. The author claims that the state can adopt four different positions in the question of non-equivalent contracts of “exchange”: 1) to prosecute the perpetrator, 2) to declare the unenforceability, 3) to tolerate the private enforcement, 4) to enforce. Since the enforcement and toleration go against the purpose of the state, the author puts forward the following legal solution: the state declares the non-equivalent contracts of “exchange” unenforceable, nevertheless, it does not automatically prosecute the subjects which commit injustice for making such contracts but, on the other hand, it protects the subjects which suffer injustice if they ask for it.
The Results of a Study of Students' Attitudes to the Demand for Competencies in the Labor Market
Authors: Narmania Davit , Narmania Davit , Narmania Davit , Narmania Davit
Published: March 2022

The paper is dedicated to the study of students' attitudes towards the challenges of quality management at the largest higher education institution of Georgia, how students assess the market requirements for competencies, and whether they perceive that they receive proper knowledge relevant to modern market requirements.
The aim of the research is: a) to study students' attitudes, how accurately they perceive the labor market attitude towards qualifications, and how much they feel that they are receiving adequate knowledge of the market; B) to develop recommendations for the Faculty of Economics and Business of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University to improve the teaching of appropriate competencies and students' attitude towards the learning process.
The paper is based on the university grant of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University: "Study of the compliance of qualifications of graduates with the labor market requirements of Georgia", which was carried out by the academic staff of the Department of Management and Administration. The paper is based on: the analysis of secondary information about the Georgian labor market in general, the Qualitative analysis of the Georgian higher education system and Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University educational process management mechanisms, as well as the Quantitative analysis of the study on attitudes of TSU Faculty of Economics and Business students and representatives of employer organizations to the above challenges.
The survey was conducted using the anonymous survey method, based on a specially designed questionnaire. Out of 200 pre-selected employees, the questionnaire which comprised 69 questions were completed by 137 employers. And a questionnaire consisting of 70 questions for students was distributed to 511 employed and unemployed students according to the specifics of the content. The data were processed using the SPSS Statistics program, both general frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis were performed, as well as the reliability of the data and the level of relationships between the variables were determined on the basis of Chi-Square Tests, Cronbach's Alpha, Pearson Correlation Analysis, Linear Regression.
In the paper, the analysis of the challenges identified by the results of qualitative and quantitative research formed the basis for finding ways to improve the learning process of TSU Faculty of Economics and Business and developing appropriate recommendations that we think will help the university and stakeholders interested in this issue/field.
The Promotion of Knowledge and Attitude towards the Prevention of COVID-19 for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Wongchantra Kuantean , Wongchantra Prayoon , Ongon Suparat , Junkaew Likhit , Sookngam Kannika , Praimee Uraiwan , Kaeongam Surasak , Pronyusri Thongchai , Ritsumdaeng Phanadda
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research were to study and compare knowledge and attitudes towards prevention of COVID-19 before and after promotion and study and compare knowledge and attitudes towards the prevention of COVID-19 of students with different genders. The sample used in the study were 50 the third year undergraduate students in Environmental Education program, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, which was derived by purposive sampling. The research tools were the coronavirus disease 2019 prevention and control manual for citizens by the Ministry of Health, knowledge test about prevention of COVID-19, attitude test towards prevention of COVID-19. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and hypothesis testing using Paired t-test and One-Way ANOVA. The results of the research showed that the posttest, the students had average scores of the knowledge and attitude towards prevention of COVID-19 higher than the pretest statistical significance (p < .05). And there was no significant difference of score of knowledge and attitude towards prevention of COVID-19 of students with different genders (p > .05).
Media Campaigns of Government and Their Role in Enhancing Public Confidence in Vaccination Against the Coronavirus
Authors: Mohammed Almfleah Dr. Abdulhadi
Published: March 2022

The study investigated Media campaigns by government agencies and the role that they played in promoting public confidence in being vaccinated against COVID-19 in the wake of growing infodemic and rumors.

Using a cross-sectional descriptive survey design and convenience sampling, respondents (N= 214) completed a self-administered online questionnaire that was distributed with the help of faculty members in various Saudi universities. Data were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel.

The findings showed that the photos of senior state officials being vaccinated had a significant, positive impact on public confidence to get vaccinated. It was also found that the campaigns of the Ministry of Health had contributed significantly in enhancing the respondents' confidence to take the vaccine.
Sudanese Viewer Exposure to National Television and achieved gratifications
Authors: Muhammad Abdul Qadir Al-Balula Dr.Khaled , Mohamad Algailani Dr. Alargam
Published: March 2022

Sudanese Viewer Exposure to National Television and achieved gratifications is a study conducted to determine the follow-up level achieved by the channel’s viewers during the period from March 2020 to March 2021. The study dealt with the extent of the audience's interest for Sudanese Television channels, the types of programs that are most followed, the media services provided by the Sudanese National Television channel, and the satisfaction it may achieve in the field of news, discussions, and entertainment among the channel's audience.

The study followed the analytical and descriptive statistical approach where several results concluded, the most important of which are: Sudanese National Televisions on the top of the viewers list favorites followed by Blue Nile channel and Sudanese 24 Channel. It also found that 53.2% of the study viewers’ samples prefers to follow News and political content programs.

The study recommended the Sudanese National TV’s management providing an atmosphere to exercise true freedom, having more discussions through TV interviews while paying attention to content and presentation. It is also necessary to provide opportunities for the various political and cultural groups to present and discuss issues and allow them to contribute in finding solutions. A proposal is underway to establish specialized channels in the various programs and with an independent administration away from the government's dominance, budget, and direct executive authority.
Employing The Media for Political Marketing to Improve the Image of Arab and Islamic Leaders Countries
Authors: Al-Daw Soliman Dr. Laila
Published: March 2022

The paper came from the reality of the impact of the media and its performance of its function towards awareness and guidance and the role it plays in building nations and focusing on showing leaders and their qualitative impact on people which made the trend to employ various media tools by leaders, politicians and owners of methodological and theoretical schools to benefit from the media. And its influential tools in finding and providing a popular base that enables leaders to exist and survive and highlight them as models and symbols through which convictions are formed and contribute to the rule and extension of the approach sought by different social groups and systems. How can the media contribute to the formation, building and preparation of leaders? To what extent have the media been employed by the political leaders of Turkey and Egypt? The paper included four axes. The first axis dealt with the concept of the media and its functions, the second axis was about the concept of leadership and its types, the third axis was about the influence of the media in building the personality of the leader, and the fourth axis included a presentation of the analysis and interpretation of interview questions for experts in the field of political science and media, and the paper concluded with several results. Including that the media, through its various means, has become an effective tool of political, economic and cultural control through which countries seek to compete to extend their hegemony and highlight their power. The media, by employing its various means, has achieved for political leaders many successes in achieving their goals and programs, and that the media works to prepare individuals to carry out the national duty. The paper also concluded with several recommendations, most notably the need to pay attention to media content that serves the goals of society, as well as the need to intensify efforts to employ it and own mechanisms and aids to achieve the goals of successful leadership programs and to create a variety of methods through the media that help in qualifying political leaders and building their personalities away from conveying their news and achievements as marketing and promotional news only.
Requirements for Applying Ethical Values to The Public Relations Profession
Authors: Abdalla Ahmed Mohammed Dr. Hala
Published: March 2022

The study amid to recognize the requirements of ethical values of practicing the profession of public relation  in addition to learning about the  process of ethical decision making in public relation.

The researcher used the  descriptive analytical method

The research readied a number of results most importantly.

1-there insurgent need  take the a requirements of applying the ethical values  for public relation practitioners.

2.absolute  media freedom can

 offend community members.

3.consequent to the lack of commitment of public relation practitioners of the   requirements of professional values and ethics leads to withholding of trust by the public.

4.media workers are committed to the rules of professional conduct to some extent.

5.the importance of committing to the principles of ethical values in professional practice of public relations when making a moral decision.
Representations of the Yemeni Reality in The Conditions of War Through The Interaction of Participants with The Image in Virtual Societies
Authors: Abdel Hafez Shaef Al-Absi Dr. Ismail
Published: March 2022

The aim of the research is to identify the representations of the Yemeni reality in virtual societies in the conditions of war, through interactions with viewers, icons, and positive and negative comments with static images, which were displayed through the “Create a Story” window on the researcher’s page on the social networking platform (Facebook) to be the research community and its sample. The analytical descriptive approach was used in analyzing the interactions, and the number of images reached (60) static images during the extended period (1/1 - 21/3/ 2021), each four images were distributed in each of the topics of the Yemeni reality, and the most prominent findings of the research : The images of the topics of prominent Yemeni feminist elites, Yemeni women in traditional costumes and actors are given priority by representations of the Yemeni reality, through iconic interactions, with a high rate of (32.21%), and through interaction by viewing, at a high rate of (30.20%), as these topics came In the forefront of positive representations through interaction with positive comments, and with them pictures of common folk dance topics (men, women), scholars and contemporary thinkers, poets and writers, with a percentage of (73.21%) of the high representations. It did not show any positive high representations in the images of political, economic, scientific, intellectual, literary, artistic and civilized subjects. While the results showed the predominance of medium representations, through the interaction by watching the images of the warring Yemeni political parties, the Yemeni Congregation for Reform Party topped the negative representations, through the iconic interactions, then the topics of merchants, businessmen, the legitimate authority and the followers of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, and issues of public opinion and the destruction that He was succeeded by the war and the Houthis (Ansar Allah), with a percentage of (78.70%) of the average representation.
Planlı Davranış Teorisi Kapsamında Yeşil Otelleri Tavsiye Etme Davranışı ve Satın Alma Niyetinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KARACA Şükran , YEMEZ İbrahim
Published: March 2022

Son yıllarda küresel ısınma, kirlilik, doğadaki biyolojik çeşitliliğin yok edilmesi, ozon tabakasının incelmesi, ormansızlaşma ve çölleşme gibi birçok çevresel sorun giderek daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Artan ciddi çevre sorunları toplumun çevreyi koruma endişesini uyandırmış ve bireylerin davranışlarının çevre üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmasından dolayı insanlar yeşil ürünlere yönelmiştir. Bu nedenle tüm sektörlerde yeşil uygulamaların gerekliliği ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle büyük ölçüde çevrenin refahına bağlı bir sektör olan turizm sektöründe bu ihtiyaç kendini daha belirgin bir şekilde hissettirmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, planlı davranış teorisi kapsamında yeşil otelleri tavsiye etme davranışı ve satın alma niyeti arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma kapsamında 569 kişiden çevrimiçi anket tekniği ile veriler toplanmıştır. Verilere AMOS ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM) kapsamında ölçme modeli ve analizi yapılmıştır. YEM Analizi sonuçlarına göre ise tutum, sübjektif normlar ve algılanan davranışsal kontrol değişkenleri tavsiye etme davranışını ve satın alma niyetini pozitif ve anlamlı bir şekilde etkilemektedir. Ayrıca tavsiye etme davranışı ve satın alma niyetini de pozitif ve anlamlı bir şekilde etkilemektedir.
Din ve Ahlak Bağlamında Sadakat
Authors: Taşcı Ahat
Published: March 2022

Ahlakî içeriğe sahip kavramlar verdiği mesajlarla insanın dinle, dinin insanla, insanın insanla ilişkilerine dair çeşitli düzenlemeleri içermesi nedeniyle önem arz eder. Bu çerçevede sadâkat kavramı da geniş anlamıyla düşünüldüğünde, sevgi, vefa, samimiyet, fedakârlık vb. pek çok erdemi kapsadığından, tüm din ve inançlarda üzerinde durulmuş olan ve inananların sahip olması beklenen ahlaki bir erdem olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
İnsan, kendi başına yetersiz bir varlıktır ve tek başına karşılayamayacağı kadar çok şeye muhtaçtır. Bu muhtaç olma durumu, beraberinde güvenme ihtiyacını da ortaya çıkarır. İnsanlar arası kurulan her türlü dinî, ahlakî, hukukî, ailevî, ticarî ilişkide karşılıklı güven duygusu ve dolayısıyla sadâkatin önemi açıktır. Sadâkatin belirtmiş olduğumuz bu önemi sebebiyledir ki; hukuk sistemleri, ahlaki öğretiler ve dinlerin temel hedefi, tabiatında bencil duygular bulunan insanın hem diğer insanlara hem de yaşadığı çevresine olabilecek yıkıcı eğilim ve zararlarını önlemek, ya da en aza indirmek suretiyle güven ve sadâkat ortamını tesis etmek olmuştur.
Sadâkat konusu dini değerlere bağlılık anlamında önem arz ettiği gibi aynı zamanda ailevî ve beşerî ilişkiler ile sosyal hayatta da çok önemlidir. Sadâkat, din, siyaset, ticaret, ailevi ilişkiler, hukuk ve ahlaka varıncaya kadar hayatımızın her alanında karşılaştığımız, dikkate alınan ve önem verilen bir kavramdır.
Application of Hydrogen in Internal Combustion Engine and Technical Status and Development
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India, Jaya Sandeep Ketha
Published: March 2022

Due to future crisis of energy and environmental degradation due to a carbon-containing fuel, hydrogen utilization as a fuel may be better for the near future. Hydrogen’s vitality content per unit volume and larger heating esteem is around 3 times when compared with present fossil fuel [1], and it has a wide range of combustibility limits, and just requires a modest quantity of energy to initiate ignition, also for H2 fuel ignition product is water vapour which doesn’t affect the environment. This paper presents H2 usage as a fuel in IC engines, and it also contains a study on its performance as compared to other fuel and mainly concentrates on various existing methods and various researches of H2 production systems [3] which used to generate H2 and inject it as a replacement for fuel in carburetor air intake. All data of different combustion characteristics was collected from a research paper of various authors [1], [8] given in the reference. The results obtained shows that the greatest estimation of Brake mean effective pressure is acquired at an engine speed of 3000 rpm, this is because of the appropriate burning in engine and increasing H2 content, the CO2 content decreases. It is found that when H2 blends are used as fuel in IC engine, the brake thermal efficiency and most of the emissions were improved.
Air Source Super Heat Pumps That Extract Heat from the Air: the Law of Entropy Does Not Prohibit This
Authors:   Moscow, Russian Federation, D. Haitun Sergey
Published: March 2022

Electromobiles protect the biosphere in places of human residence. Globally, they destroy it, as the electrical energy they consumed is extracted using "dirty" energy carriers. This article suggests learning the electromobiles to generate electrical energy in eco-friendly way, extracting heat from the air. Specifically, we suggest to equip the electromobiles with the Or lov and etc. installation, which schematically is a converging tube where the air flow is by itself accelerated and, according to the Bernoulli equation, is cooled; and its narrow end contains the electrical energy generating turbine. The problem is that the Orlovand etc. installation is prohibited by the entropy increase law due to the flow entropy decrease during its operation. However, it is important that actually in this case the Clausius entropy, i.e. thermal entropy, decreases. The thermal and total entropy increase laws are different laws that separately require verification. Planck, Fermi et al. indicatedthe cases of total conversion of heat into other forms of energy accompanied by thermal en- tropy decrease. These cases, proving invalidity of the thermal entropy increase law, admit transition to electromobiles with air heat trac- tion. As well as transition of water transport to ship's electric engines with water heat traction.
Pengabdian Masyarakat Partisipatif untuk Pengembangan Tanaman Porang Sebagai Objek Wisata di Desa Bendoasri
Authors: Farichan Farichan Ridlo Fanani , Fahmi Muhammad Ilham , Fitria Fitria , Rahma Nur Azizah Aulia , Dewi Putri Juwita Shinta , Fauziah Annisa Umi , Vianisa Riesti Widya , Wulandari Devvy Pramesti , Anam Choirul , Herachwati Nuri
Published: March 2022

Suatu wilayah dapat ditetapkan menjadi sebuah desa wisata apabila memiliki potensi yang meliputi sumber daya alam, sumber daya manusia, dan sumber daya ekonomi pendukung. Desa Bendoasri sebagai desa penghasil tanaman porang dengan didukung oleh potensi alam, sosial, dan budaya memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai desa wisata. Akan tetapi permasalahan sumber daya manusia yang terbatas berdampak pada tidak optimalnya pengembangan potensi yang dimilikinya. Guna mencapai efektifitas pengembangan potensi diperlukan suatu strategi yang tepat. Strategi pengabdian secara partisipatif adalah cara yang efektif dalam menangkap inisiatif-inisiatif dari partisipan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah Technology of Participation (ToP). Hasil pengabdian yang dilakukan melalui strategi partisipatif ini menunjukkan suatu keberlanjutan program yang ditandai dengan aksi mandiri masyarakat dalam membangun konsep wisata. Maka dari itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan strategi pengabdian yang tepat, kemandirian masyarakat dan keberlanjutan program dapat tercapai.
İSLAM FIKHININ TEMEL KAVRAMLARINDAN OLAN VESÂİL-MAKÂSID BAĞLAMINDA MİLLÎ GÖRÜŞ DAVASINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: ATİK Sefa
Published: March 2022

İslam fıkhının temel prensiplerinin incelendiği fıkıh usulü alanında yazılan eserler fıkhî hükümlerin tanım, çeşit, kaynak ve amaçlarını ele almaktadır. Fıkıh usulünde araç-amaç arasındaki ilişki farklı terimlerle ifade edilmektedir. Bilindiği gibi usûl-i fıkh alanında “sebep-müsebbeb, illet-malül, şart-meşrut, araç-amaç, gaye-mugayya, vâcib-mukaddimetü’l-vâcib, vesîle-makâsıd” kavramlarının kullanımı ciddî bir yekûn tutmaktadır. Buna mukabil füru-i fıkıh alanında daha çok vesâil ve makâsıd kavramları ile dinî sorunlara yaklaşım temel alınmaktadır. Böylece mezkûr kavramlar üzerinden araç ve amaç arasındaki ilişkinin niteliği, içeriği ve maksadın meşru temellere dayanıp dayanmadığı da tespit edilmiş olacaktır. Bu anlamda Necmettin Erbakan’ın şahsî hayatına yön veren siyasî, dinî ve iktisâdî amaçların geneline Millî Görüş düşüncesi denildiği bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla Millî Görüş fikriyatını amaç ve amaçlara götüren araçların, İslam ilimleri içerisinde hem aklî hem naklî temele dayalı bir ilim olan fıkıh düşüncesinin kavramlarından olan vesâil ve makâsıd ilişkisi bağlamında ele almak mümkündür. Böyle bir çalışma dindar bir bilim ve siyaset adamı olan Necmettin Erbakan’ın araç-amaç arasındaki ilişkiyi nasıl kurduğunu ve araç-amaç arasındaki ilişkinin tutarlılığını gösterecektir. Yine başlatmış olduğu hareketin hâla siyasi bir ekip tarafından sürdürülmesinin ve ayrıca kendi gövdesinden çıkarak elan iktidarda bulunan siyasi hareketin ise zaman zaman bir şekilde atıf yapmış olduğu gerçeğin arkasındaki makâsıdın derinliğini de ortaya koyacaktır. Böylece mümin bir siyasi lider olarak dünyadan göçmüş olan Erbakan’ın düşüncesinin fıkhî temellerinin tespiti yapılmış olacaktır.
Kültürel Miras Objelerinin Voronoi Tabanlı Üretken Tasarım Yöntemleri Kullanılarak Dijital Bütünlemesi
Authors: AKBAYLAR HAYRETER İpek
Published: March 2022

Hasar görmüş kültürel miras objelerinin parçalanıp yok olmuş olan eksik kısımlarının özgün veya çağdaş malzemelerle bütünlenmesi eserlerin algılanmasını birebir etkileyen önemli bir restorasyon müdahale tekniğidir. Kültürel mirasın korunması alanında, özgün esere bütünleme yapılacağı zaman, yeni eklenecek malzemenin özgün olandan ayrılabilmesi için farklı yüzey dokusunda bir malzeme ile müdahalenin belirgin kılınması gözetilir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, hasar görmüş kültürel miras objelerinin günümüze ulaşamamış olan eksik kısımlarının bir üretken tasarım yöntemiyle dijital olarak bütünlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gelişen teknolojiler, kültürel mirasın dijital olarak belgelenmesini ve etkin bir şekilde sunulmasını desteklemektedir. Eser, özgün haline zarar verme riski olmadan dijital olarak bütünlenebilmekte ve sonraki aşamalarda ise artırılmış gerçeklik gibi araçlarla desteklendiğinde müzelerde ziyaretçiler tarafından farklı temsil yollarıyla deneyimlenebilmektedir. Böyle güncel uygulamalar, insanların tarihi eserlerle etkileşimini güçlendirerek kültürel mirasa olan ilginin artmasına katkı sunabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, objelerin eksik kısımlarında temsili olarak bağlayıcı görev üstlenecek olan yeni oluşumda, doldurulacak olan boşluğun organik formuna uyum sağlayacağı gözetilerek üretken tasarım yöntemlerinden Voronoi diyagramlarının kullanıldığı Hücresel Özdevinim yaklaşımı esas alınmıştır. Farklı boyutlarda ve biçimlerde hücrelerin daha düzensiz komşuluk ilişkilerine dayanan bu sistemin seçiminde çalışmada amaçlanan üretime olanak tanıması göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Objelerin eksik kısımları üç boyutlu olarak modellenmiş olup, boşluklar farklı hücre boyutlarına sahip Voronoi diyagramlarıyla dijital olarak tamamlanmıştır. Üretken tasarım temelli dijital yöntemlerle bütünlenmiş kültürel miras objelerinin farklı temsilleriyle yok olan kültürel değerlere dikkat çekmek ve mirasın korunması alanına katkı sağlayabilmek bu çalışmanın amaçlarındandır. Literatürde konuyla ilgili önde gelen çalışmalar değerlendirilince, bu çalışmanın sonuçlarının artırılmış ve sanal gerçeklik gibi farklı güncel teknolojilerle deneyimlenmesinin insanların kültürel mirasla etkileşimini arttıracağı düşünülmektedir.
Awareness mothers related about health care infant and adolescent with diabetes at AL-Nasiriyah City Hospitals
Authors: Aneed Suror H , Balat Kefah Zair , Washeel Oday Faris
Published: March 2022

Background: it is the responsibility of specialists . The mothers responsibility  have  an very  important role to play. The role of  hospital mothers    is very  important result of  their regular contact with the diabetes patients at home and  hospital compared to other members of the healthcare team. Objective :  aims including (1)To assess Awareness mothers  related about nutrition infant and adolescent with diabetes. (2)find out relation shape between  Awareness mothers related about nutrition infant and adolescent with diabetes and  mothers demographic data. A descriptive study conducted in the hospitals of the city of Nasiriyah and included Bint Al- Huda Hospital for teaching hospital , and Muhammad Al-Mousaw Pediatric Hospital ), and the research period began from the 1st  October 2021 to 30th December  of  2021. A non-probability“ purpose ”sample was chosen from (50) investigating mothers. The objectives of the study The researcher designed the study tool (questionnaire) consisting of two parts, the first part included demographic information for mothers and contains (7 (paragraphs, and the second part includes Awareness mothers  of feeding children with diabetes, and it contains (2) aspects divided into sub-items which to consisting of 20 items.
Efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite coating on osseointegration of early loaded dental implants
Authors: Mela Osama Alabed , Tawfik Mohamed Abdel-Monem , Ahmed Wael Mohamed Ahmed Said , Abdel-Rahman Fakhreldin Hassan
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives:  The success rates of dental implants have been reported as a challenge, especially for early loading in the posterior maxilla area. The surfaces of dental implants are generally modified in an attempt to improve osseointegration. In which Unitite implants with Nano hydroxyapatite coating affect the healing process acceleration, high hydrophilicity, increased bone formation (BIC - Bone Implant Contact ), and the quality improvement of the new bone formed (BAFO - Bone Area Fraction Occupancy), keeping the original implant microtopography. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nano hydroxyapatite coating osseointegration of early loaded dental implants in the posterior maxilla. Patients and Methods: A clinical trial was carried out on ten patients need  twelve  implants with early loading   were treated in the oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University ;  A root-form implant is the most frequently used type of dental implant today. The basis for dental implants is osseointegration, the HAnano® coating associated with its microtopography generate an increase in the titanium surface energy, making the implant highly hydrophilic, which guarantees the presence of blood and its components in the healing chamber.
COVID-19: A pandemic situation
Authors: Dhankhar Lavanya , Jha Rakesh Kumar , Chandi Dhruba Hari
Published: March 2022

Aim: To include a summary of what has been written so far about COVID-19, enabling access to information and a greater understanding of the pandemic, and to assist the medical community in making decisions about the virus. Armed conflicts and communicable disease natural events are both preventable occurrences that can devastate human societies. Pandemic illnesses, like the COVID-19, are usually highly promulgated within the It's possible that exposure to the media is linked to increased anxiety and compensatory behaviour (e.g., using hand sanitizer). Health anxiety, contamination fears, and disgust sensitivity are all significant predictors of corona link anxiety, according to multivariate analysis. Implications for a new approach to pandemic issues diseases of COVID affected the lives of many folks at personal and social levels. Many of us lost our dear ones, their job security, susceptible to several new pneumonic diseases because the COVID-19 is well-known to damage the lungs permanently. We tend to estimate that early infection of COVID-19 shows exponential growth rates of 38per cent per day [1].
Study of the efficacy of Tryushanadigudika in the management of Prameha with special reference to diabetes mellitus type II
Authors: Dhakite Sneha K. , Wajpeyi Sadhana Misar
Published: March 2022

Background: Pramehais a Tridoshaj, Kapha predominant disease. There are twenty kinds of Pramehas in Ayurveda. Out of these Madhumeha is one of the types of Vataja Pramehas. Due to similarities of signs and symptoms, Madhumeha can be correlated with Diabetes mellitus type II. In Ayurveda, Nidanparivarjana, Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa are described for Prameha.In Chakradatta, Tryushanadigudika is indicated in the management ofPrameha (Diabetes mellitus type II). So, this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Tryushanadigudikain the management of Prameha with special reference to Diabetes mellitus type II. Methodology: Total 40 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A was treated with Tryushanadigudika and Group B with Tab. Metformin for 30 days. Patients were assessed for Kshudhadhikya, Naktamutrata, Kar-Pada Suptata, Hasta Pada Tala Daha, Fasting and Postprandial blood sugar levelon 0 and 30thday. Results: Significant improvement was observed in Subjective and Objective parameters like Kshudhadhikya, Naktamutrata, Kara Pada Suptata, Hasta Pada Tala Dahaand blood sugar level (Fasting and Postprandial) in both groups.
Effectivity of in-house developed sandwich ELISA for antigen detection in resource constraint settings
Authors: Agrawa Uditkumar , Agrawa Vaibhav , Agrawal Shikha , Patond Swapnil , Agrawal Sanjay
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Around 26% of World’s Tuberculosis (TB) cases are in India. In resource constrained settings, it is difficult to use diagnostic tests like nucleic acid amplification technique and mycobacterial culture due to their complexity and expensiveness.Developing an assay using polyclonal antibody may help to solve this problem. On the basis of that we worked to detect tubercular antigen developing Sandwich ELISA from the serum of tuberculosis patients. Materials & Methods: For the study 50 cases, 50 disease controls, 30 healthy control subjects were taken. Commercially available reagents were used for the development of Sandwich ELISA. The data was statistically analyzed with the help of software SPSS version 16.0. Results: Our effectively developed test had 82% area under the ROC curve. 81% (n=35) patients of PTB cases with non-HIV infection detected by our Sandwich ELISA and 57% cases with the co-infection of HIV-TB. Developed test had 70.91% positive predictive value and 75.56% negative predictive value. Conclusion: We successfully developed Sandwich ELISA for tubercular antigen detection. To increase the sensitivity and specificity of the Sandwich ELISA, as per the WHO guidelines, further work is needed.
process of industrialization and modernization in Vietnam
Authors: Diep Ngo Hong
Published: March 2022

Industrialization is one of the most important tasks of the development process because it brings both material production and the country's socio-cultural life to a new level. For the cause of building socialism, industrialization plays the role of creating conditions and material and technical premises for the socialist regime. In each historical period, based on the socio-economic situation, industrialization has specific and appropriate content and steps. For Vietnam, when officially entering the transition period to socialism, the Party advocated socialist industrialization, and from the end of the twentieth century to the present, this process has been fully determined is industrialization and modernization. It is a comprehensive and extensive economic, technical-technological and socio-economic process aimed at transforming Vietnamese production and society from the backward agricultural level to the industrial level technology is increasingly advanced, modern, and civilized. The article clarifies the content and characteristics of industrialization and modernization in Vietnam today.