bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Club-militants, institutionalists, critics, moderns and globalists: A quantitative governance-based typology of football supporters
Authors: García Borja , Llopis-Goig Ramón
Published: August 2019

This article presents a quantitative typology of football fans’ attitudes towards governance. Data collection is done through an online survey in six European countries: France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Results reveal the existence of five types of supporters: club-militants, institutionalists, critics, moderns and globalists. The critics, moderns and globalists fans share a preoccupation for football governance problems but differ in the intensity of their views. At the same time, critics and globalists are heavy consumers of football games and merchandise. The results suggest that existing fan typologies that understand supporters in dichotomic terms of authenticity or consumerism fail to explain the complex reality of a game that has developed new structures over recent decades. Existing typologies need to be superseded in favour of a more multi-disciplinary approach that integrates a governance turn to inform a more nuanced and better understanding of football’s social reality.
Nursing Student Engagement in Cultural Humility Through Global Health Service Learning: An Interpretive Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Sedgwick Alicia , Atthill Stephanie
Published: August 2019

Introduction: This study explored how global health service learning supported nursing student engagement in the process of cultural humility and how it shaped student understanding of themselves and their ability to develop supportive intercultural relationships. Methods: Written reflections were collected from eight second-year students while on a 9-day practicum in a low-resource Caribbean country. Six students participated in posttrip interviews. Thematic analysis was used to illuminate the students’ lived experience. Results: Four student themes emerged: (1) overcoming challenges, (2) opening our eyes, (3) seeing difference as a strength, and (4) learning with and from each other. While participants were inherently ethnocentric, the process of cultural humility curbed their sense of superiority and enabled the development of supportive intercultural relationships with their hosts. Discussion: This global health service learning was an effective strategy to enhance student nurses’ learning about themselves and intercultural relationships and to develop the attributes of cultural humility.
Optimal fluid passageway design methodology for hydraulic engine mounts considering both low and high frequency performances
Authors: Li Yuan , Jiang Jason Zheng , Neild Simon A
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates the potential for improving the performance of hydraulic engine mounts through fluid passageway designs. In previous studies, a few simple inertia track designs have been investigated with moderate improvements obtained. However, there are countless alternative design possibilities existing; while analyzing each one of them in turn is impracticable. To this end, this paper introduces a systematic methodology to optimize fluid passageway designs in a hydraulic engine mount. First, beneficial fluid passageway configurations are systematically identified using a linearized low-frequency model that captures the relative displacement transmissibility. A nonlinear model is then used to fine-tune the fluid passageway designs for the low-frequency transmissibility improvement, and also for the assessment of high-frequency dynamic stiffness performance. The obtained beneficial designs present performance advantages over a wide frequency range. The design approach introduced in this study is directly applicable to other engine mount models and performance criteria.
“I” see Samsung, but “we” see Samsung and LG: The moderating role of consumers’ self-construals and perceived similarity in spillover effect of product-harm crisis
Authors: Wu Xiao Xiao , Choi Woo Jin , Park JaeHong
Published: August 2019

Negative spillovers due to firms’ product-harm crises have attracted the attention of marketing researchers owing to the devastating and irrecoverable damage they can cause. Despite the extensive research undertaken on this topic, studies concerning spillovers across competing brands from different companies are relatively scant. Drawing upon self-construal theory, we propose that spillover effects across competing brands from different companies may vary depending on consumers’ self-construal and on the perceived similarity between the brands. The results of two studies show that, when the brands’ perceived similarity is high, the spillover effect of a product-harm crisis on a competing brand from a different company is greater for consumers with interdependent self-construal than for those with independent self-construal. Our findings extend the theoretical knowledge of spillover effects and provide meaningful managerial implications for global corporations.
Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Virtual Reality–Based Interventions in Cancer-Related Symptom Management
Authors: Zeng Yingchun , Zhang Jun-E , Cheng Andy S. K. , Cheng Huaidong , Wefel Jeffrey Scott
Published: August 2019

Background. This meta-analysis summarizes the results from recent studies that examined the use of virtual reality (VR)–based interventions on health-related outcomes in patients with cancer, and quantitatively evaluates the efficacy of VR-based interventions. Findings of this meta-analysis can provide direction for future symptom management research. Methods. The search terms included a combination of “virtual reality” OR “virtual environment” OR “head-mounted display” with “oncology” OR “cancer.” Three databases (Medline, PubMed, and CAJ Full-text Database), one search engine (Google Scholar), and the website of ResearchGate, covering the period from December 2013 to May 15, 2019, and including articles published in both English and Chinese, were searched. Data synthesis used the RevMan 5.3 to generate pooled estimates of effect size. Results. A total of 6 empirical studies met the eligibility criteria. VR-based interventions had statistically significant effects on reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, pain, and cognitive function, whereas statistically significant benefit was observed for fatigue ( Z = 2.76, P = .006). Conclusion. Most recent studies have primarily examined VR-based interventions for symptom management in the acute stages of cancer care. However, the management of late and long-term side effects is central to cancer survivorship care. There is burgeoning empirical support for further research to evaluate the efficacy of VR-based interventions in cancer rehabilitation.
Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Ryan Sean , Tameron Ashley , Murphy Amy , Hussain Lala , Dunki-Jacobs Erik , Lee David Y.
Published: August 2019

Background. We compared the outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted (LA) and robotic-assisted (RA) gastrectomies performed for gastric adenocarcinoma in the National Cancer Database. Methods. The National Cancer Database was queried for patients 18 years old with stages I to III gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent LA or RA gastrectomy. Propensity matching was performed between the 2 groups with regard to clinical staging, adjuvant treatment, demographics, and the extent of surgery. Results. A cohort of 1893 (1262 = LA, 631 = RA) patients was identified in a 2:1 propensity matching. The groups were well matched. The rate of negative margin as well as 30- and 90-day mortality were similar between the 2 cohorts. Long-term survival was similar between the 2 groups (median survival 49.2 months in LA vs 56.2 months for RA, P = .405). However, the average number of lymph nodes (LNs) sampled was significantly higher in the RA group compared with the LA group (19.6 vs 17.4, P < .001). Similarly, the percentage of surgeries in which ≥15 LNs were sampled was also greater in the RA group compared with the LA group (63.9% vs 57.6%, P = .010). On multivariable analysis, having 15 LNs or more examined was associated with better survival (hazard ratio = 0.72, 95% confidence interval = 0.60-0.87, P < .001). Advanced age, nodal positivity, and advanced clinical stages were significantly associated with worse survival. Conclusions. RA gastrectomy may allow a greater harvest of LNs, and thus more accurate staging, without increasing short-term adverse outcomes compared with LA gastrectomy. Short-term and long-term outcomes in this well-matched cohort appear comparable for both approaches.
Implementing Prescribing Guidelines for Upper Extremity Orthopedic Procedures: A Prospective Analysis of Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Satisfaction
Authors: Adalbert Jenna R. , Ilyas Asif M.
Published: August 2019

Background: A lack of established opioid-prescribing guidelines has prompted recent studies to propose preliminary guidelines to mitigate inadvertent overprescribing, diversion, and abuse. The purpose of our study was to assess the efficacy of a specific set of opioid-prescribing guidelines by prospective evaluation of patient consumption and satisfaction. Methods: During a consecutive period, all patients undergoing outpatient upper extremity surgical procedures were postoperatively prescribed opioids based on published guidelines that were specific to the anatomical location and procedure being performed. At the first postoperative visit, surgical details, opioid consumption patterns, and prescription efficacy and satisfaction were recorded. Results: A total of 201 patients reported any amount of prescription use, resulting in a mean consumption of 5.5 pills. Patients who underwent soft tissue procedures reported the lowest requirement (4.2 pills) compared with those who underwent fracture repairs (6.7 pills) or arthroscopy and arthroplasty/fusion procedures (8.7 pills). Patients undergoing hand procedures consumed fewer opioids (3.9 pills) compared with those undergoing wrist (6.3 pills) or elbow (8.1 pills) procedures. Of the patients requiring opioids, 82% reported being satisfied or at least neutral to the prescribed quantity ( P < .001), and 92% reported being satisfied or at least neutral to the prescribed opioid analgesic efficacy ( P < .001). Overall, the study refill request rate was 13%. Conclusions: Although the proposed guidelines tended to exceed patient need, the study confirmed strong patient satisfaction and an overall refill request rate of only 13%. We conclude that following anatomical and procedure-specific opioid-prescribing guidelines is an effective method of prescribing opioids postoperatively after upper extremity.
Dolichoectasia of the internal carotid artery terminus, posterior communicating artery, and posterior cerebral artery: The embryonic caudal ramus internal carotid segmental vulnerability legacy
Authors: Kobkitsuksakul Chai , Somboonnitiphol Kittiphop , Apirakkan Mungkorn , Lueangapapong Peerapong , Chanthanaphak Ekachat
Published: August 2019

Dolichoectasia of the distal internal carotid artery, posterior communication artery (PCoA) and posterior cerebral artery is an extremely rare abnormality. Dolichoectasia of the internal carotid artery, PCoA and the P1 segment of posterior cerebral artery can be postulated its pathogenesis by the embryological perspective basis from caudal ramus of the internal carotid artery terminus. The pathogenesis and treatment strategy are not well established. We reviewed and proposed embryological perspective, pathogenesis, clinical setting, radiological findings and management of this rare malformation.
Real-world efficacy and safety of liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a study by the Korean Cancer Study Group
Authors: Yoo Changhoon , Im Hyeon-Su , Kim Kyu-pyo , Oh Do-Youn , Lee Kyung-Hun , Chon Hong Jae , Kim Joo Hoon , Kang Myoungjoo , Kim Ilhwan , Lee Guk Jin , Oh Sung Yong , Choi Younak , Choi Hye Jin , Kim Seung Tae , Park Joon Oh , Ryoo Baek-Yeol
Published: August 2019

Background:

Liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-FU/LV) was effective and well-tolerated in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPAC) that progressed on gemcitabine-based therapy in the global NAPOLI-1 trial. Real-world data may further clarify the outcomes and safety profile of nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV in clinical practice.

Methods:

This retrospective analysis included patients with mPAC who received nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV following gemcitabine-based therapy under a Managed Access Program in Korea.

Results:

From January 2017 to April 2018, 86 patients across 10 institutions received nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV (median age, 61 years; 60% male; ECOG performance status, 0–1). A total of 35 (41%) and 51 (59%) patients had received less than two and two or more lines of chemotherapy before inclusion, respectively. At a median follow up of 6.4 months, median overall survival (OS) was 9.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.4–11.4) and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.5 months (95% CI 1.3–5.7). Six-month OS and PFS rates were 65.1% and 37.5%, respectively. Objective response and disease control rates were 10% and 55%, respectively. Most common grade 3–4 toxicities were neutropenia (37.2%), nausea (10.5%), vomiting (9.3%), anorexia (8.1%) and diarrhoea (4.7%).

Conclusion:

Real-life data for Korean patients indicate that, consistent with NAPOLI-1, nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV is effective and well-tolerated in patients with mPAC that progressed on gemcitabine-based therapy.
Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with extent and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jia Aimei , Zeng Wei , Yu Liuqin , Zeng Huirun , Lu Zhan , Song Yongyan
Published: August 2019

Objective:

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus usually have multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors. The objective of this study was to examine the severity and associated risk factors in coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

Two hundred and five coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 205 age-, gender- and smoking-matched coronary artery disease patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from the Department of Cardiology of our hospital. Demographic and clinical data were collected for all participants. Severity of coronary artery disease was assessed using Gensini scoring system, the number of diseased coronary arteries, and the extent of coronary stenosis.

Results:

Coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had higher Gensini scores (p < 0.01), more numbers of diseased coronary arteries (p < 0.001), and higher degrees of coronary stenosis (p = 0.05) than coronary artery disease patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The plasma levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001) and triglycerides (p < 0.001) were also higher in coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in coronary artery disease patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus. In coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively correlated with Gensini scores (r = 0.15, p = 0.03), the number of diseased coronary arteries (r = 0.15, p = 0.04), and the extent of coronary stenosis (r = 0.14, p = 0.05) by partial correlation analysis after controlling for other lipid parameters, and independently associated with Gensini scores (beta = 0.18, p = 0.02) and the number of diseased coronary arteries (odds ratio = 2.09, p = 0.05) after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors in the following multiple regression analysis.

Conclusion:

Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol may represent a marker for the severity of coronary artery disease and be a target for the treatment in diabetic patients. Further research is needed to determine whether very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol plays a causal role of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients.
The effects of sensory-processing sensitivity and sense of coherence on depressive symptoms in university students
Authors: Yano Kosuke , Kase Takayoshi , Oishi Kazuo
Published: August 2019

Sensory-processing sensitivity differentiates individuals according to responsivity to internal and external stimuli. It has been positively correlated with depressive symptoms. Meanwhile, sense of coherence, an individual’s perception that stressors are comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful for their life, could improve depression. This cross-sectional study investigated the moderation effect of sense of coherence on the relationship between sensory-processing sensitivity and depressive symptoms in university students. Japanese students ( N = 430) participated in a questionnaire survey that assessed levels of sensory-processing sensitivity, sense of coherence, and depressive symptoms. The results showed that a strong sense of coherence moderated the relationship between sensory-processing sensitivity and depressive symptoms in university students.
Raising African Voices in the Global Dialogue on Care-Leaving and Emerging Adulthood
Authors: van Breda Adrian Du Plessis , Pinkerton John
Published: August 2019

Globalization of knowledge and scholarship raises the challenges of dialogue between Global North and South. Northern knowledge and voice remain privileged, while writing from the South often goes unread. This is true also in emerging adulthood and care-leaving scholarship. The special issue of Emerging Adulthood titled “Care-Leaving in Africa” is the first collection of essays on care-leaving by African scholars. It presents both care-leaving and emerging adulthood scholars from the Global North a unique opportunity to consider the implications of a rising African voice for global dialogue. This article, coauthored by scholars from North and South, argues in favor of North–South dialogue but highlights several challenges inherent in this, including the indigenizing and thus marginalizing of African experience and scholarship and divergent constructions of key social concepts. The authors argue the need for mutually respectful discourse between North and South and present specific recommendations for fostering such global dialogue.
Eccentric Reaming for B2 Glenoids: History, Preoperative Planning, Surgical Technique, and Outcome
Authors: Smith Matthew J , Loftis Christopher M , Skelley Nathan W
Published: August 2019

Background

The biconcave (B2) glenoid is characterized by preservation of the anterior portion of the native glenoid with asymmetric wear of the posterior glenoid. Surgical options for glenoid correction have evolved. The goal of shoulder arthroplasty is to place the implants in such a manner to return the humeral head to a centered position and restore the joint line to a neutral position. There is no current consensus on method of treatment and correction.

Methods

The current and historical literature on total shoulder arthroplasty was used to examine technique viability.

Results

Asymmetric remaining can be used to address up to 15° of version correction without compromise of cortical bone. It is important to have the proper presurgical planning, to understand the limitations of correction, and to have other options available to treat the biconcave glenoid.
The Influence of Social Supports on Graduate Student Persistence in Biomedical Fields
Authors: Estrada Mica , Zhi Qi , Nwankwo Ezinne , Gershon Robyn
Published: August 2019

Pathways to biomedical careers are not being pursued with equal vigilance among all students. Emerging research shows that historically underrepresented (HU) students who maintain a strong science identity are more likely to persist. However, the influence of social support on persistence is less studied, especially as it relates to science identity among doctoral students. To fill this gap, a 1-year study to assess similarities and differences among 101 HU and majority biomedical doctoral students was conducted to measure the extent to which 1) they report equivalent experiences of social support, science identity, and intentions to persist; 2) their experiences of social support predict intentions to persist 1 year later; and 3) science identity mediates the relationship between social support and intentions to persist in biomedical career pathways. Data were collected using online surveys. Results indicated that science identity significantly mediated the relationship between professional network support and persistence a year later for majority students. In contrast, for HU students, science identity mediated the relationship between instrumental, psychosocial, friend and family support, and persistence a year later. These study results provide evidence that reinforcing mentoring programs and support systems will be beneficial, especially for HU students.
Defining a supergiant petroleum system in Brazil’s Santos Basin with multidisciplinary methods: One template for exploration success
Authors: Dickson William , Schiefelbein Craig , Odegard Mark
Published: August 2019

Is there a petroleum system here? How extensive and effective is it? How is it defined? Although we had presented a 2005 AAPG poster to address these questions, we now have performed an exploration look-back or case study demonstrating basin-wide presalt charge across Brazil’s Santos Basin. Santos has been a disappointing gas province with meager results compared to the adjacent Campos Basin for the past two decades. We have reviewed and expanded presentations at AAPG and SEG conferences from 1998 to 2005, which were followed 17 months later by the supergiant Tupi discovery, now Lula Field. We document the progression of analyses and revision of interpretations as a case history for multidisciplinary work in a frontier region with, at the time, scant coverage of key data types. Despite our access to a broad range of material (oil and cuttings samples, piston core extracts, slicks analysis, regional seismic lines, potential field coverages, and published literature), only a handful of point samples directly fitted our hypothesis of a mature oil-prone presalt source, supported by our inference, from leakage at the basin margins, of basin-wide migration and charge. Although the volumes of data collected across the Santos Basin are orders of magnitude larger in 2019, with a concomitant improvement in understanding the petroleum system and overall basin evolution, we take pains to limit our focus to what was known as of mid-2005 (although perhaps published later), which still sufficed to point to the future success. Because the source presence and effectiveness are the first consideration in evaluating frontier basins, our methodology provides one template for understanding a key geologic risk. We emphasize the importance of careful screening of inputs when information is scant and thus erroneous inferences are easily reached, with the need to take an exploration inference wherever data, once cross-validated, direct the explorer.
3D controlled-source electromagnetic imaging of gas hydrates: Insights from the Pelotas Basin offshore Brazil
Authors: Tharimela Raghava , Augustin Adolpho , Ketzer Marcelo , Cupertino Jose , Miller Dennis , Viana Adriano , Senger Kim
Published: August 2019

Mapping of natural gas hydrate systems has been performed successfully in the past using the controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method. This method relies on differentiating resistive highly saturated free gas or hydrate-bearing host sediment from a less resistive low-saturated gas or brine-bearing host sediments. Knowledge of the lateral extent and resistivity variations (and hence the saturation variations) within sediments that host hydrates is crucial to be able to accurately quantify the presence of saturated gas hydrates. A 3D CSEM survey (PUCRS14) was acquired in 2014 in the Pelotas Basin offshore Brazil, with hydrate resistivity mapping as the main objective. The survey was acquired within the context of the CONEGAS research project, which investigated the origin and distribution of gas hydrate deposits in the Pelotas Basin. We have inverted the acquired data using a proprietary 3D CSEM anisotropic inversion algorithm. Inversion was purely CSEM data driven, and we did not include any a priori information in the process. Prior to CSEM, interpretation of near-surface geophysical data including 2D seismic, sub-bottom profiler, and multibeam bathymetry data indicated possible presence of gas hydrates within features identified such as faults, chimneys, and seeps leading to pockmarks, along the bottom simulating reflector and within the gas hydrate stability zone. Upon integration of the same with CSEM-derived resistivity volume, the interpretation revealed excellent spatial correlation with many of these features. The interpretation further revealed new features with possible hydrate presence, which were previously overlooked due to a lack of a clear seismic and/or multibeam backscatter signature. In addition, features that were previously mapped as gas hydrate bearing had to be reinterpreted as residual or low-saturated gas/hydrate features, due to the lack of significant resistivity response associated with them. Furthermore, we used the inverted resistivity volume to derive the saturation volume of the subsurface using Archie’s equation.
Enhancing Case Capture, Quality, and Completeness of Primary Melanoma Pathology Records via Natural Language Processing
Authors: Malke Jared C. , Jin Shida , Camp Samuel P. , Lari Bryan , Kell Trey , Simon Julie M. , Prieto Victor G. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Haydu Lauren E.
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

Medical records contain a wealth of useful, informative data points valuable for clinical research. Most data points are stored in semistructured or unstructured legacy documents and require manual data abstraction into a structured format to render the information more readily accessible, searchable, and generally analysis ready. The substantial labor needed for this can be cost prohibitive, particularly when dealing with large patient cohorts.

METHODS

To establish a high-throughput approach to data abstraction, we developed a novel framework using natural language processing (NLP) and a decision-rules algorithm to extract, transform, and load (ETL) melanoma primary pathology features from pathology reports in an institutional legacy electronic medical record system into a structured database. We compared a subset of these data with a manually curated data set comprising the same patients and developed a novel scoring system to assess confidence in records generated by the algorithm, thus obviating manual review of high-confidence records while flagging specific, low-confidence records for review.

RESULTS

The algorithm generated 368,624 individual melanoma data points comprising 16 primary tumor prognostic factors and metadata from 23,039 patients. From these data points, a subset of 147,872 was compared with an existing, manually abstracted data set, demonstrating an exact or synonymous match between 90.4% of all data points. Additionally, the confidence-scoring algorithm demonstrated an error rate of only 3.7%.

CONCLUSION

Our NLP platform can identify and abstract melanoma primary prognostic factors with accuracy comparable to that of manual abstraction (< 5% error rate), with vastly greater efficiency. Principles used in the development of this algorithm could be expanded to include other melanoma-specific data points as well as disease-agnostic fields and further enhance capture of essential elements from nonstructured data.
Septate junctions regulate gut homeostasis through regulation of stem cell proliferation and enterocyte behavior in Drosophila
Authors: Izumi Yasushi , Furuse Kyoko , Furuse Mikio
Published: August 2019

Smooth septate junctions (sSJs) contribute to the epithelial barrier, which restricts leakage of solutes through the paracellular route in epithelial cells of the Drosophila midgut. We previously identified three sSJ-associated membrane proteins, Ssk, Mesh and Tsp2A, and showed that these proteins were required for sSJ formation and intestinal barrier function in the larval midgut. Here, we investigated the roles of sSJs in the Drosophila adult midgut. Depletion of any of the sSJ proteins from enterocytes resulted in remarkably shortened lifespan and intestinal barrier dysfunction in flies. Interestingly, the sSJ-protein-deficient flies showed intestinal hypertrophy accompanied by accumulation of morphologically abnormal enterocytes. The phenotype was associated with increased stem cell proliferation and activation of the MAPK and Jak-Stat pathways in stem cells. Loss of the cytokines Unpaired 2 and Unpaired 3, which are involved in Jak-Stat pathway activation, reduced the intestinal hypertrophy, but not the increased stem cell proliferation, in flies lacking Mesh. The present findings suggest that SJs play a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis through regulation of stem cell proliferation and enterocyte behavior in the Drosophila adult midgut.
FcRn mediates fast recycling of endocytosed albumin and IgG from early macropinosomes in primary macrophages
Authors: Toh Wei Hong , Louber Jade , Mahmoud Ismail S. , Chia Jenny , Bass Greg T. , Dower Steve K. , Verhagen Anne M. , Gleeson Paul A.
Published: August 2019

The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) rescues albumin and IgG from degradation following endocytosis and thereby extends the half-life of these plasma proteins. However, the pathways for the uptake of these soluble FcRn ligands, and the recycling itinerary of the FcRn–ligand complexes, have not been identified in primary cells. Here, we have defined the recycling of human albumin and IgG in primary mouse macrophages selectively expressing the human FcRn. Albumin is internalised by macropinocytosis; in the absence of FcRn, internalised albumin is rapidly degraded, while in the presence of FcRn albumin colocalises to SNX5-positive membrane domains and is partitioned into tubules emanating from early macropinosomes for delivery in transport carriers to the plasma membrane. Soluble monomeric IgG was also internalised by macropinocytosis and rapidly recycled by the same pathway. In contrast, the fate of IgG bound to surface Fcγ receptors differed from monomeric IgG endocytosed by macropinocytosis. Overall, our findings identify a rapid recycling pathway for FcRn ligands from early macropinosomes to the cell surface of primary cells.
Facile Preparation of Highly Luminescent Materials by Electrostatic Immobilization of Anionic Metal Complex onto Anion-Exchanger as Exemplified with Tri-Terbium(III) Cluster Complex of Thiacalix[4]arene-p-tetrasulfonate
Authors: Shiraishi Narumi , Karashimada Ryunosuke , Iki Nobuhiko
Published: August 2019

We propose a strategy to prepare luminescence materials via simple and organic solvent-free fashion by mixing an anionic luminescent complex with an anion exchanging support. As a proof-of-concept, we employed the heptaanionic TbIII complex Tb3TCAS2 (TCAS = thiacalix[4]arene-p-tetrasulfonate) and QAE Sephadex A-25, a dextran support bearing anion exchanging groups. By stirring a mixture of TCAS and dextran (1.0 µmol Tb3TCAS2/50 mg dextran), 99.8% of Tb3TCAS2 was successfully immobilized within 2 h. The electrostatic interactions were strong enough to irreversibly bind Tb3TCAS2 to the dextran. The material exhibited TbIII-centered luminescence upon excitation of the TCAS center. The luminescent lifetime and quantum yield were 1.18 ms and 45.5%, respectively. When the amount of Tb3TCAS2 immobilized on the dextran was reduced to 1.0 nmol/50 mg dextran, the lifetime increased to 1.32 ms, suggesting concentration quenching above 1.0 µmol Tb3TCAS2/50 mg dextran. On the other hand, the luminescence quantum yield decreased to 3.1%, suggesting that the absorption of excited light by the support was not negligible. Preparation of the materials in D2O resulted in increases in the lifetime and quantum yields to 1.32 ms and 44%, respectively.
Neither miR-7-5p nor miR-141-3p is a major mediator of iron-responsive transferrin receptor-1 mRNA degradation
Authors: Corral Victor M. , Schultz Eric R. , Connell Gregory J.
Published: August 2019

The transferrin receptor (TfR1) is the principal means of iron importation for most mammalian cells, and regulation of mRNA stability is a major mechanism through which TfR1 expression is controlled in response to changing intracellular iron levels. An endonuclease activity degrades the TfR1 mRNA during iron-repletion, which reduces iron importation and contributes to the restoration of homeostasis. Correct identification of the TfR1 mRNA endonuclease activity is important as it has the potential to be a pharmacological target for the treatment of several pathologies in which iron homeostasis is perturbed. A recent RNA article identified both miR-7-5p and miR-141-3p as mediators of TfR1 mRNA degradation during iron-repletion. However, the proposed TfR1 microRNA binding sites are inconsistent with several earlier studies. To better understand the discrepancy, we tested the proposed sites within an assay developed to detect changes to TfR1 mRNA stability. The complete disruption of both proposed binding sites failed to impact the assay in all cell lines tested, which include cell lines derived from mouse connective tissue (L-M), a human colon adenocarcinoma (SW480), and a human ovarian carcinoma (A2780). The overexpression of a miR-7-5p mimic also failed to decrease expression of both the endogenous TfR1 mRNA and a luciferase-TfR1 reporter under conditions in which the expression of a previously identified mir-7-5p target is attenuated. As a result, it is unlikely that the microRNAs are directly mediating iron-responsive degradation of the TfR1 mRNA as recently proposed. Instead, three short hairpin loops within the TfR1 3′-UTR are shown to be more consistent as endonuclease recognition elements.
Ecosystem-based management of seaweed harvesting
Authors: Lotze Heike K. , Milewski Inka , Fast Julia , Kay Lauren , Worm Boris
Published: August 2019

Harvesting wild seaweeds has a long history and is still relevant today, even though aquaculture now supplies >96% of global seaweed production. Current wild harvests mostly target canopy-forming kelp, rockweed and red macroalgae that provide important ecosystem roles, including primary production, carbon storage, nutrient cycling, habitat provision, biodiversity and fisheries support. Harvest methods range from selective hand-cutting to bottom trawling. Resulting ecosystem impacts depend on extraction method and scale, ranging from changes in primary production to habitat disruption, fragmentation, food-web alterations and bycatch of non-target species. Current management often aims for sustainable harvesting in a single-species context, although some agencies acknowledge the wider ecosystem structure, functions and services seaweeds provide. We outline potential ecosystem-based management approaches that would help sustain productive and diverse seaweed-based ecosystems. These include maintaining high canopy biomass, recovery potential, habitat structure and connectivity, limiting bycatch and discards, while incorporating seasonal closures and harvest-exclusion zones into spatial management plans. Other sustainability considerations concern monitoring, enforcement and certification standards, a shift to aquaculture, and addressing cumulative human impacts, invasive species and climate change. Our review provides a concise overview on how to define and operationalize ecosystem-based management of seaweed harvesting that can inform ongoing management and conservation efforts.
Reduction: The Solution to Mind Representation?
Authors: Cui Yanying , Wei Yidong
Published: August 2019

Chomsky is an evolutionary figure in linguistics. His greatest contribution lies in transformational generative grammar, which put an end to the leading position structuralism had held in language for more than 30 years. His naturalistic methodology has greatly influenced the research of both linguistics and psychology, and he is also considered to be the first to study language from the cognitive perspective. He insists on a naturalistic methodology; therefore, he was even considered by some to be a physicalist. However, this is not the case. On the contrary, TGG, as a critique of the behaviorist view of language, is intertwined with a critique of physicalism. On the one hand, he thinks the mind, like chemical elements and electrons, can be approached from a third-person perspective; on the other hand, he again admits there exists consciousness, which can be merely approached in terms of a first-person authority, which, therefore, is a fatal challenge to his core theory. Now there remains a new solution to this dilemma, that is, to admit that the mind is a special natural phenomenon with two means of existence: one is involved in physical aspects with the brain, and the other is concerned with something mental, with the former approached by a third-person perspective and the latter better researched via a first-person authority.
From Semantics to Semiotics
Authors: Kalelioğlu Murat
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the semantic organization of the text “Shooting an Elephant.” The research is carried out with a multidisciplinary perspective using semantic and semiotic data. The theory of semantics is used to examine the words which predominately form the meaning universe of the text. The analysis is fulfilled within the scope of meaning relations as denotation/connotation and synonymy/antonymy in the lexical field. Then the transsentential signs which have a critical role in the construction of the semantic universe of the text are interpreted in the sense of semiotics. The production process of the descriptive, narrative, and thematic meaning layers is revealed throughout the study. Besides bringing the semantic universe of the narrative with its constructive components to light over the course of the study, the impressive dominance of particular signs and their contribution to the narrative are discussed to reveal the loss of identity of the West.
Metaphors and Dehumanization Ideology
Authors: Li Chaoyuan
Published: August 2019

Rich literature on the representation of women in advertising has repeatedly concluded a message in keeping with a GDP-promoting agenda: with economic development and modernization, women’s status has been elevated and they appear in professional and other settings beyond domesticity. Amid this optimism, the present study cautions that women’s elevated status and transformed roles should not give way to the exuberance on display in many sectors. Motivated by the unusual persistence of women’s decorative role against the background of pro-egalitarian industrialization and modernity, this study, drawing on advertising discourse inCosmopolitan, the world’s leading women’s magazine, aims to investigate the gender ideology that dehumanizes women by exploring the various dehumanizing metaphors and the visual and linguistic codes deployed to construct the metaphors. In identifying and analyzing two major dehumanizing metaphors – WOMEN ARE OBJECTS and WOMEN ARE ANIMALS – this study outlines a critical metaphorical landscape that goes beyond the warfare metaphor which is popular in various fields (e.g. women, health care, and economy), and highlights HUMAN BEINGS ARE THINGS metaphors as a major instrument in constructing dehumanizing discourse and ideology.
Investigation of the Temperature Effect on the Electrical Parameters of a Photovoltaic Module at Ouargla City
Authors: Khelfaoui Narimane , Djafour Ahmed , Bouali Khadidja , Danoune Mohamed Bilal , Gougui Abdelmoumon , Boutelli Halima
Published: August 2019

To predict the I-V characteristics of the photovoltaic module, five parameters photovoltaic model Abstract: To predict the I-V characteristics of the photovoltaic module, five parameters photovoltaic model was utilized. The most influential parameters in the photovoltaic module are the solar irradiance level (E) and the temperature (T). The present research was conducted due to the high-temperature values in Ouargla city (can reach 60 °C in the hot season), which will affect remarkably the installed PV installations in this region. The experimental was done in several days cause the investigation need a constant irradiance values with different temperature. The temperature of a photovoltaic module varies according to other conditions, the temperature measurements made on the rear face of the PV module may not be indicative due to a temperature gradient in the material of the rear face of the module. Unfortunately, photovoltaic systems manufacturers do not take into consideration these environmental circumstances which negatively influence the module parameters and yielded deterioration in the system efficiency. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the temperature term on the electrical performances such as the open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), optimal power (Pm) and Fill Factor. The temperature distribution is non-uniform temperature on the surface of PV modules joined to that of the quality of temperature measurements affects the values of temperature coefficients found. To validate a model allows the researcher to get approximately the I-V characteristic similar to the experiment values. It use the conventional technique (Newton Raphson method) and it was compared by an artificial intelligent method which is the PSO technique, the five parameters estimated (Iph, Is, Rs, Rp, n). This proposed approach can be utilized to model any marketable PV module based on given datasheet parameters only. Statistical indicators were adopted to evaluate the performance of the proposed models; where the relative error of the PSO method comes more less the conventional method.
Swearword strength in subtitled and dubbed films: A reception study
Authors: Briechle Lucia , Eppler Eva Duran
Published: August 2019

In this paper we present the results of the first empirical reception study on the comparative strength of swearwords in two audiovisual translation (AVT) modes. We test the assumption/hypothesis that swearwords are perceived as stronger in writing (i.e. subtitles) than in spoken language (i.e. dubbing), which has led to the long-held translation practice of toning down or deleting swearwords more in subtitles than in dubbing. By means of an online survey, participants were asked to a) rate the psychological distance between the connotative meanings of swearwords embedded in ten film clips on a four-point strength scale, and b) comment on their ratings in open-ended text boxes. The results of various types of quantitative analysis show that our participants do not rate swearwords in subtitles higher than in dubbed clips. The qualitative analysis identified contextual factors (genre/director of film, participating characters and their relationship, setting and linguistic context) as well as viewer characteristics (gender, swearing habits and reactions to swearing) as main determinants of swearword strength. The convention of toning down or deleting swearwords more in subtitles than in dubbed audiovisual products thus seems to be based on an invalid assumption and ought to be abandoned altogether.
Evaluation of alternative conformal mapping for geospatial data in Jordan
Authors: Habib Maan , Al-Fugara A’kif M. S.
Published: August 2019

Map projection is required to convert geodetic position of features on the earth’s surface onto a flat sheet to produce a map. Conformality is necessary for many large-scale maps to maintain angles and scale at any point in all directions. However, over extended area there is distortion due to the change of scale from one point to another. This research conducts a comparative analytical study of the recent established conformal projection, Transverse Mercator, in Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan with another proposed one. In fact, the suggested projection will be chosen to represent the area in single zone, balance errors in linear scale to minimize them especially in the capital and other major population centers, and to meet the requirements of modern surveying techniques. The main objective of this study is to apply possibility of Stereographic projection to find out the most suitable system for mapping in Jordan depending on the previous criteria and double projection approach by using ArcGIS system to define its optimum parameters.
Crystal structure of the co-crystal N,N′-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)oxalamide acetic acid (1/2), C14H14N4O2⋅2C2H4O2
Authors: Tan Sang Loon , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: August 2019

C18H22N4O6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 5.03050(10) Å, b = 12.4151(4) Å, c = 15.5353(5) Å, α = 96.186(3)°, β = 98.961(2)°, γ = 96.669(2)°, V = 944.05(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0421, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1213, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of hexacarbonyl-bis(μ2-di-n-propyldithiocarbamato-κ3
S,S′:S;κ3
S:S:S′)-di-rhenium(I), C20H28N2O6Re2S4
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Heard Peter J. , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: August 2019

C20H28N2O6Re2S4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 17.9296(4) Å, b = 9.60120(10) Å, c = 16.1859(3) Å, β = 103.934(2)°, V = 2704.34(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0336, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0902, T = 100 K.
Statistical versus neural machine translation – a case study for a medium size domain-specific bilingual corpus
Authors: Jassem Krzysztof , Dwojak Tomasz
Published: August 2019

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has recently achieved promising results for a number of translation pairs. Although the method requires larger volumes of data and more computational power than Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), it is believed to become dominant in near future. In this paper we evaluate SMT and NMT models learned on a domain-specific English-Polish corpus of a moderate size (1,200,000 segments). The experiment shows that both solutions significantly outperform a general-domain online translator. The SMT model achieves a slightly better BLEU score than the NMT model. On the other hand, the process of decoding is noticeably faster in NMT. Human evaluation carried out on a sizeable sample of translations (2,000 pairs) reveals the superiority of the NMT approach, particularly in the aspect of output fluency.
Positron-emitting radionuclides for applications, with special emphasis on their production methodologies for medical use
Authors: Qaim Syed M. , Scholten Bernhard , Spahn Ingo , Neumaier Bernd
Published: August 2019

A survey of the positron-emitting radionuclides over the whole mass range of the Periodic Table of Elements was carried out. As already known, positrons are preferably emitted from light mass neutron deficient radionuclides. Their emission from heavier mass nuclides is rather rare. The applications of positron annihilation in three areas, namely materials research, plant physiology and medical diagnosis, are reported. The methods of production of positron emitters are discussed, with emphasis on radionuclides presently attracting more attention in theranostics and multimodal imaging. Some future perspectives of radionuclide development technologies are considered.
Effect of Cutting Temperature on Bending Properties of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Wang Ben , Yang Bowen , Wang Minghai , Zheng Yaohui , Hong Xianjun , Zhang Fan
Published: August 2019

High cutting temperatures are easily generated during the machining of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) and can induce serious damage during machining such as delamination. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of cutting temperature on the performance of CFRP after machining. CFRP specimens were heated to temperatures within the vicinity of cutting temperatures generated during machining, then air-cooled and their bending properties investigated. The results showed that temperature had significant influence on the bending stress of CFRP. With increasing temperature, bending stress decreased and was lowest when the temperature was close to the glass-transition temperature. It was concluded that the bending properties of CFRP could be seriously affected if the material temperature was close to the glass-transition temperature and maintained for a period. As a result, cutting temperature should be kept lower than the glass transition temperature during machining.