bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating ART adherence support technologies in the care of pregnant and postpartum people with HIV: a qualitative study
Authors: Rendell Sara , Schmidt Harald , Neergaard Rebecca , Nkwihoreze Hervette , Barbati Zoe , Short William R. , Rana Aadia I. , Sheth Anandi N. , Scott Rachel K. , Sethi Sonia , Momplaisir Florence M.
Published: August 2022

Background

We have a limited understanding on how to best integrate technologies to support antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in routine HIV care.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews with multidisciplinary providers caring for pregnant and postpartum people with HIV and asked providers about their perspectives on utilizing adherence support technologies such as text messages, video check-ins with providers or automated with facial recognition for directly-observed-therapy, signaling pill bottle, and signaling pill to support ART adherence. Each approach generated an adherence report. The interview instrument was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and included questions on the implementation climate, barriers, and facilitators to the clinical integration of the adherence approach and strategies that could be used to maximize this integration. The order of adherence support technologies was randomized to minimize bias. We used a modified grounded theory to develop the coding structure and two coders applied the codebook to the transcripts after establishing strong inter-rater reliability with 20% of interviews (kappa = 0.82).

Results

Between March and December 2020, we conducted 26 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with providers who weighed several factors when considering each approach, including the approach’s effect on patient-provider interaction in and outside of the clinic visit, timing for and duration of the approach’s utility, threat of disclosing status, and added burden to providers (e.g., needing to act on generated information) or to patients (e.g., needing to hide the signaling pills, responding to text messages). Providers’ most preferred approach was text-messages, and the least preferred was the signaling pill. Barriers to acceptability varied by approach and included perceived surveillance, violation of privacy, added time demand for providers, potential inaccuracy of the adherence data generated, and negative impact on the patient-provider relationship, particularly if the approach was perceived as coercive. Payers anticipated regulatory hurdles with unfamiliar approaches, particularly the signaling pill and signaling pill bottle. Facilitators included strengthened therapeutic alliance, predictable reminder mechanisms, and options for customization according to patient preference.

Conclusions

Our study elucidates barriers and facilitators to integrating technology-based adherence support approaches in clinical care to support adherence of pregnant and postpartum people with HIV.
Assessing the content validity of the revised Health of the Nation Outcome Scales 65+: the HoNOS Older Adults
Authors: Harris Meredith G. , Tapp Caley , Arnautovska Urska , Coombs Tim , Dickson Rosemary , Smith Mark , Jury Angela , Lai Jennifer , James Mick , Painter Jon , Burgess Philip M.
Published: August 2022

Aims and method

Recently, the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales 65+ (HoNOS65+) were revised. Twenty-five experts from Australia and New Zealand completed an anonymous web-based survey about the content validity of the revised measure, the HoNOS Older Adults (HoNOS OA).

Results

All 12 HoNOS OA scales were rated by most (≥75%) experts as ‘important’ or ‘very important’ for determining overall clinical severity among older adults. Ratings of sensitivity to change, comprehensibility and comprehensiveness were more variable, but mostly positive. Experts’ comments provided possible explanations. For example, some experts suggested modifying or expanding the glossary examples for some scales (e.g. those measuring problems with relationships and problems with activities of daily living) to be more older adult-specific.

Clinical implications

Experts agreed that the HoNOS OA measures important constructs. Training may need to orient experienced raters to the rationale for some revisions. Further psychometric testing of the HoNOS OA is recommended.
Conceptual Framework for Cancer Care During a Pandemic Incorporating Evidence From the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Milch Vivienne , Nelson Anne E. , Austen Melissa , Hector Debra , Turnbull Scott , Sathiaraj Rahul , Der Vartanian Carolyn , Wang Rhona , Anderiesz Cleola , Keefe Dorothy
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE

With successive infection waves and the spread of more infectious variants, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have major impacts on health care. To achieve best outcomes for patients with cancer during a pandemic, efforts to minimize the increased risk of severe pandemic infection must be carefully balanced against unintended adverse impacts of the pandemic on cancer care, with consideration to available health system capacity. Cancer Australia's conceptual framework for cancer care during a pandemic provides a planning resource for health services and policy-makers that can be broadly applied globally and to similar pandemics.

METHODS

Evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care and health system capacity to June 2021 was reviewed, and the conceptual framework was developed and updated.

RESULTS

Components of health system capacity vary during a pandemic, and capacity relative to pandemic numbers and severity affects resources available for cancer care delivery. The challenges of successive pandemic waves and high numbers of pandemic cases necessitate consideration of changing health system capacity in decision making about cancer care. Cancer Australia’s conceptual framework provides guidance on continuation of care across the cancer pathway, in the face of challenges to health systems, while minimizing infection risk for patients with cancer and unintended consequences of delays in screening, diagnosis, and cancer treatment and backlogs because of service interruption.

CONCLUSION

Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic supports continuation of cancer care wherever possible during similar pandemics. Cancer Australia's conceptual framework, underpinned by principles for optimal cancer care, informs decision making across the cancer care continuum. It incorporates consideration of changes in health system capacity and capacity for cancer care, in relation to pandemic progression, enabling broad applicability to different global settings.
Detecting Sarcopenia Risk by Diabetes Clustering: A Japanese Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tanabe Hayato , Hirai Hiroyuki , Saito Haruka , Tanaka Kenichi , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Kazama Junichiro J , Shimabukuro Michio
Published: July 2022

Context

Previous studies have assessed the usefulness of data-driven clustering for predicting complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, whether the diabetes clustering is useful in predicting sarcopenia remains unclear.

Objective

To evaluate the predictive power of diabetes clustering for the incidence of sarcopenia in a prospective Japanese cohort.

Design

Three-year prospective cohort study,

Setting and Patients

We recruited Japanese patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 659) between January 2018 and February 2020 from the Fukushima Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism cohort.

Interventions

Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to measure the predictive values of the conventional and clustering-based classification of diabetes mellitus for the onset of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus update.

Main Outcome Measures

Onset of sarcopenia.

Results

Cluster analysis of a Japanese population revealed 5 diabetes clusters: cluster 1 [severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID)], cluster 2 [severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD)], cluster 3 (severe insulin-resistant diabetes, cluster 4 (mild obesity-related diabetes), and cluster 5 (mild age-related diabetes). At baseline, 38 (6.5%) patients met the AWGS sarcopenia criteria, and 55 had newly developed sarcopenia within 3 years. The SAID and SIDD clusters were at high risk of developing sarcopenia after correction for known risk factors.

Conclusions

This study reveals that among the 5 diabetes clusters, the SAID and SIDD clusters are at a high risk for developing sarcopenia. Clustering-based stratification may be beneficial for predicting and preventing sarcopenia in patients with diabetes.
Longitudinal Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Lifestyle Intervention, and Type 2 Diabetes in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
Authors: Kivelä Jemina , Meinilä Jelena , Uusitupa Matti , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Lindström Jaana
Published: August 2022

Context

Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective

We examined to what extent lifestyle intervention aiming to prevent T2D interacts with this association and how BCAA concentrations change during the intervention.

Methods

We computed trajectory clusters by k-means clustering of serum fasting BCAAs analyzed annually by mass spectrometry during a 4-year intervention. We investigated whether baseline BCAAs, BCAA trajectories, and BCAA change trajectories predicted T2D and whether BCAAs predicted T2D differently in the intervention (n = 198) and control group (n = 196).

Results

Elevated baseline BCAAs predicted the incidence of T2D in the control group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05 per 10 μmol/L, P = 0.01), but not in the intervention group. BCAA concentration decreased during the first year in the whole cohort (mean −14.9 μmol/L, P < 0.001), with no significant difference between the groups. We identified 5 BCAA trajectory clusters and 5 trajectory clusters for the change in BCAAs. Trajectories with high mean BCAA levels were associated with an increased HR for T2D compared with the trajectory with low BCAA levels (trajectory with highest vs lowest BCAA, HR 4.0; P = 0.01). A trajectory with increasing BCAA levels had a higher HR for T2D compared with decreasing trajectory in the intervention group only (HR 25.4, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Lifestyle intervention modified the association of the baseline BCAA concentration and BCAA trajectories with the incidence of T2D. Our study adds to the accumulating evidence on the mechanisms behind the effect of lifestyle changes on the risk of T2D.
An Asymptomatic Case With MEN1 Slipping Through Genetic Screening by SNV-dependent Allelic Dropout
Authors: Kosugi Rieko , Ariyasu Hiroyuki , Kyo Chika , Yonemoto Takako , Ogawa Tatsuo , Kotani Masato , Saito Kohei , Inoue Tatsuhide , Usui Takeshi
Published: July 2022

Context

Genetic testing is useful not only for the diagnosis of the MEN1 proband but also for determining the putative asymptomatic variant carriers to improve the prognosis or to avoid unnecessary medical intervention. However, we must be aware of the putative pitfalls of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genetic testing in specific conditions that lead to medical mismanagement.

Objective

To warn of the putative pitfalls of PCR-based genetic testing, we report an overlooked case of MEN1 due to PCR allelic dropout.

Methods

A 69-year-old man was clinically diagnosed with MEN1, and genetic testing revealed that he had a pathogenic variant in the MEN1 gene. His 36-year-old son was completely asymptomatic. As the son was 50% at risk of MEN1, he was willing to undergo genetic testing himself after genetic counseling.

Results

Genetic testing was carried out in 2 independent laboratories. Although laboratory A showed that he carried a pathogenic variant, laboratory B showed that he had the wild-type genotype of MEN1. The discrepancy in these results was due to PCR allelic dropout by single-nucleotide variations of the MEN1 gene in the 5′ region. The surveillance revealed that he had asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism and a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas.

Conclusion

PCR-dependent genetic analysis may be susceptible to PCR allelic dropout in an SNV-specific manner. We must be careful when genetically testing individuals of relatives with clinical MEN1 disease.
Inhaled Tranexamic Acid for the Management of Hemoptysis in a Patient With Right and Left Ventricular Assist Devices: A Case Report
Authors: Patel Shamik , Angelidis Ioannis K. , Malsin Elizabeth S. , Smith Sean , Pawale Amit , Budd Ashley N.
Published: August 2022

The use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices continues to expand in cases of refractory cardiogenic shock. Bleeding is one of the most common complications associated with MCS, and management can be challenging due to need for systemic anticoagulation. Significant hemoptysis can be a devastating complication. We describe a case of a patient supported by a right ventricular assist device with an oxygenator and a left ventricular assist device who developed pulmonary hemorrhage that was successfully treated with nebulized tranexamic acid (TXA). Following a 5-day treatment course, bleeding resolved, no adverse side effects were noted, and systemic anticoagulation was resumed.
A Political Ecology of Desire
Authors: Margulies Jared
Published: August 2022

How does attention to exertion and absence of care illuminate possibilities for avoiding extinction amid global biodiversity declines? This article brings together feminist technoscience and more-than-human theory on care with Lacanian psychoanalytic theories of anxiety and desire. It does so to diagnose the threat of extinction anxieties and consider their material and political consequences for impedances to caring for nonhuman life and their flourishing. The article is developed through the empirical case of Arrojadoa marylanae, an endangered species of cactus in Bahia, Brazil, as a political ecology of desire. In bringing psychoanalytic thought into conversation with care, it considers how desire sits at the heart of more-than-human care and yet may be thwarted by anxiety. Contending with his own extinction anxieties as they became focused through an endangered cactus on a mountain destined for mining, the author excavates routes toward flourishing geographies: geographies of care-full interspecies alliances composed against Anthropocenic thinking. In concluding, the author urges for greater attention to the work of desire in studies of environmental change and the wider environmental humanities.
Becoming Indigenous Again
Authors: Nichols Lizzy
Published: August 2022

The figure of the “native informant,” as outlined by Spivak, confers a legitimacy of “inside” information for the colonial subject that, ultimately, is generalized to the point of confirming the colonist’s view of the world, challenging nothing and, instead, providing authenticity to existing beliefs. Since Indigenous groups are often associated with primordial nature in the hemispherically American context, there is a long tradition of settler colonial societies appropriating the figure of the Native to claim authentic land rights or establish an identity distinct from Europe. This article argues that, in its modern iteration, appropriation of the native informant within the natural context serves anxieties concerning potentially illegitimate land stewardship for settler colonial societies. Focusing on the native informant figure in Richard Powers’s Pulitzer Prize–winning novel The Overstory, the article explicates how, in the age of climate change, patterns around settler land theft are repeated and repurposed for the settler episteme in which, instead of reconsidering who has the rights to land stewardship, the settler seeks to transfer Indigenous knowledge to themselves, authenticating the settler society’s continued right to the colonized land. While Powers makes significant contributions to reconsidering the European model of an anthropocentric relation to nature, the article argues that The Overstory does this through repeating such settler colonial traditions as associating Indigenous peoples solely with the past and depicting the American landscape in a way that relies on the legal mythology of terra nullius.
Butterfly Crossings
Authors: Pandian Anand
Published: August 2022

Migration is a bedrock reality of earthly life. This truth invites us to imagine the span of the Americas beginning not with borders and walls but instead with movement beyond them. What might our continents and countries begin to look and feel like if we acknowledged the necessity of these crossings, the kinship and well-being that movement sustains? The essay explores these questions through a series of meditations on the monarch butterfly, a creature that has become in recent years the symbol of a more expansive vision of North American belonging. Anand Pandian describes affinities for the butterfly articulated and expressed by artists, migrant rights activists, butterfly enthusiasts, and migrants themselves, in the United States and in Mexico. In the company of migrants, both human and lepidopteran, Pandian explores an alternative vision of collective life beyond national walls and borders. With the lifeways of the monarch butterfly, the most crucial lesson has to do with the relationships that propel movement across borders, the ties that draw together those within and those without. A society of rigid walls and borders may seek to repudiate their reality, or their necessity. And yet these relationships remain at work in our world of pervasive motion and migration, binding our fates together with living beings and distant places far beyond the span of the lines we draw.
What’s Love Got to Do with It? Care, Curiosity, and Commitment in Ethnography beyond the Human
Authors: Lien Marianne E.
Published: August 2022

An ethics of care in nature conservation must ask not only whose voices are heard, but also which interspecies relations that come to matter. Inspired by Jane Bennett’s question about how ethical codes are transformed into laudable acts in interspecies relations, this article explores alignments between affective enchantment and interspecies response-ability. Juxtaposing two ethnographic sites in Norway, salmon aquaculture and nature conservation, Marianne E. Lien argues that ethical conduct calls for relational interspecies commitment beyond mere affect: enchantment offers no guarantee of animal welfare. But nor does a set of legal regulations. The first section of this article explores the practical enactment of sentient salmon in Norwegian aquaculture, and details interspecies response-ability and care through practices where legal regulations and affective registers intersect. In the second section Lien turns to what some call untouched nature, while others call it home, and shows how enchantment of nature in the abstract may legitimate the dispossession of the vital relations between local people and their worlds. Both cases suggest the need to pay close attention to relational and vernacular arts of noticing that have been cultivated by others. Shifting our attention from the outsider’s gaze as an affective enchantment toward the relationality of others, we may notice the myriad of generative interspecies relations that unfold quietly, in a minor chord, and often in unexpected places. The article draws on extensive fieldwork within aquaculture production sites in western Norway and in the coastal regions of Varanger, North Norway.
An atypical MAPK regulates translocation of a GATA transcription factor in response to chemoattractant stimulation
Authors: Hadwiger Jeffrey A. , Cai Huaqing , Aranda Ramee G. , Fatima Saher
Published: August 2022

The Dictyostelium atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Erk2 is required for chemotactic responses to cAMP as amoeba undergo multicellular development. In this study, Erk2 was found to be essential for the cAMP-stimulated translocation of the GATA transcription factor GtaC as indicated by the distribution of a GFP–GtaC reporter. Erk2 was also found to be essential for the translocation of GtaC in response to external folate, a foraging signal that directs the chemotaxis of amoeba to bacteria. Erk1, the only other Dictyostelium MAPK, was not required for the GtaC translocation to either chemoattractant, indicating that GFP–GtaC is a kinase translocation reporter specific for atypical MAPKs. The translocation of GFP–GtaC in response to folate was absent in mutants lacking the folate receptor Far1 or the coupled G-protein subunit Gα4. Loss of GtaC function resulted in enhanced chemotactic movement to folate, suggesting that GtaC suppresses responses to folate. The alteration of four Erk2-preferred phosphorylation sites in GtaC impacted the translocation of GFP–GtaC in response to folate and the GFP–GtaC-mediated rescue of aggregation and development of gtaC− cells. The ability of different chemoattractants to stimulate Erk2-regulated GtaC translocation suggests that atypical MAPK-mediated regulation of transcription factors can contribute to different cell fates.
Curative effect observation among patients with alcohol dependence in rehabilitation period by grouping motivational interviewing
Authors: Xu Yong , Pan Xiuling , Cui Chunqing , Li Yanfeng , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2022

Objective: To explore the effect of grouping motivational interviewing on psychological craving of patients with alcohol dependence in the rehabilitation.

Methods: In this prospective study one hundred patients with convalescent alcohol dependence admitted to Hebei Province Veterans Hospital from October 2017 to June 2019 were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group and the control group, 50 cases in each. The experimental group was administrated oxazepam as a replacement therapy and the motivational interviewing. The control group was administrated oxazepam as a replacement therapy and routine health education. Both groups continued treatment for three months. Curative effect was assessed before treatment, and two weeks, four weeks and three months after treatment by using Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA).

Results: PACS, HAMD and HAMA in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Grouping motivational interviewing can effectively reduce the degree of psychological dependence on alcohol and improve the symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with alcohol dependence during rehabilitation period.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.4741

How to cite this:Xu Y, Pan X, Cui C, Li Y, Zhang W. Curative effect observation among patients with alcohol dependence in rehabilitation period by grouping motivational interviewing. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.4741

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
To evaluate rising caesarean section rate and factors contributing to it by using Modified Robson’s Criteria at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shaikh Erum Majid , Kulsoom Shazia , Fatima Sara , Zuberi Bader Faiyaz
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To determine the frequency of caesarean section with its indication by grouping according to Modified Robson’s Criteria at JPMC.

Methods: This is a retrospective study done from 1st January to 30th June 2018. Records of all Caesarean Section performed during the study period were retrieved from elective and emergency operation theatres. Data was extracted from the emergency and elective Theatres registers. and entered in study proforma. Patients with missing data were contacted via a given phone number on file and data collected. None of the Patients Data was totally missing ,as all entries made were done very carefully .Data was entered in SPSS version 26.0. Group-11 and 12 were added in order to identify the main reason for the increase in caesarean sections. 

Results: Total number of deliveries in six months were 3400. Our study showed a Caesarean Section rate of 36.5 per all live births. The major group contributing was Group-5 (56%). Foetal distress (Group-12) and Primigravida with Inductions or caesarean section before labour (Group-2) showed nearly the same percentages 13.5% and 14% respectively. 

Conclusions: Planning of the caesarean section of primigravida should be carefully decided. The role of safe VBAC plays the key role in decreasing Cesarean Section rate. Moreover, foetal distress and caesareans in Primigravida should be evaluated with great accuracy to decrease the caesarean section rate.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS:CS: Caesarean Section, VBAC: Vaginal Birth After Caesarean, SD: Standard Deviation, χ2: Chi-Square.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5983

How to cite this:Majid E, Kulsoom S, Fatima S, Zuberi BF. To evaluate rising caesarean section rate and factors contributing to it by using Modified Robson’s Criteria at a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5983

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
An investigation of syrinx morphometry and sound frequency correlation during the chirping period in lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri)
Authors: Dewi Cytra Meyliana Surya , Dhamayanti Yeni , Fikri Faisal , Purnomo Agus , Khairani Shafia , Chhetri Shekhar , Purnama Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad
Published: August 2022

Background: In the issue of biodiversity, the domestication of birds as pets and trade animals requires special attention as a conservation effort. Lovebirds (Agapornis fischeri) are popular birds worldwide, due to their varied ornamentation and melodic chirping sound. Syrinx structure is suspected to be the main source of sound production during the chirping period. This study aimed to investigate syrinx morphometry and its correlation with sound frequency produced in lovebirds.

Methods: A total of 24 lovebirds of different ages and gender were investigated. Polymerase chain reaction method was performed to determine lovebird gender, meanwhile bird age was identified based on post-hatch recordings at the breeding farm. Thus, we enrolled male (n=12) and female (n=12) lovebirds aged 2 (n=4), 3 (n=4), and 4 (n=4) months in the investigation group, respectively. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was performed to evaluate sound frequency during chirping period. Then, syrinx morphometry was identified using a topographic approach and methylene blue staining. Each variable was evaluated with Image J software and vernier caliper.

Results: Based on a topographical approach, we reported the general cartilage structure of the tracheosyringeal, bronchosyringeal, paired protrusions, tracheolateral muscles, sternotracheal muscles, and syringeal muscles in lovebird syrinx. In particular, the tympaniform membranes lateral lead a crucial role in modulating the frequency of male lovebirds more significantly (p=0,009) compared to female. On the other hand, the tympaniform membranes lateral dexter (p=0,02) and sinister (p=0,05) in females showed wider compared to male. We also reported a negative correlation between sound frequency compared to tympaniform membranes lateral dexter (y = -913,56x + 6770,8) and sinister (y = -706,16x + 5736).

Conclusions: It can be concluded that the tympaniform membranes lateral produced the lovebirds’ primary sound. The sound frequency of male lovebirds was higher compared to female, however negatively correlated with the area of tympaniform membranes lateral.
Case Report: Vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula showing symptoms mimicking ALS: Diagnostic imaging supports accurate differentiation between ALS and mimicking conditions
Authors: Kirikae Hinako , Harada Ryuhei , Hosaka Tatsuhiko , Misu Tatsuro , Ando Daisuke , Warita Hitoshi , Endo Toshiki , Sonobe Shinya , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Aoki Masashi
Published: August 2022

We report a rare case of a vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula (VVAVF) manifesting as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A 76-year-old female patient presented with progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculation, and preserved deep tendon reflexes in the right upper limb. Electrophysiological testing showed lower motor neuron dysfunction. The patient was suspected to have ALS, but cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed enlarged blood vessels in the spinal canal, which compressed the cervical spinal cord and nerve roots. Angiography showed a shunt from the right vertebral artery to the right intervertebral vein and the vertebral venous plexus; therefore, the patient was diagnosed with VVAVF. Transarterial embolization was performed to obliterate the shunt, and weakness in the patient’s right upper limb subsequently improved. It is worth considering VVAVF as a differential diagnosis of ALS-like diseases.
A model of coercive control in higher education: a qualitative study
Authors: Jakovljevic Maria , Nkopodi Nkopodi
Published: August 2022

Background: A growing body of research indicates that psychological coercive control poses a threat in academic environments. Little is known, however, about the process, the dynamics, and the phases used to impose silently a variety of non-violent assaults on students and academics. A lack of awareness of coercive intimidation and psychological coercive control obstructs a student’s path to academic achievement, which can have an impact on his or her emotional and mental well-being and diminishes the prosperity of society.  

Methods: A methodological selection and review of the scientific literature, theories, and practice on psychological intimidation, coercive control, and systems thinking has been employed in this study. A comprehensive reflective analysis and critical synthesis of the relevant scientific literature were conducted to gain insight into the design of a model of psychological coercive control applicable to educational environments.  

Results: This article identifies gaps in research theory and practice and examines critical issues of intimidation and psychological coercive control that is relevant to educational contexts. The article proposes a conceptual model of psychological coercive control as a direction for further research.  

Conclusions: Adequate awareness, models, and training programmes in relation to coercive infiltration are missing at higher education institutions. There is an urgent need for a curriculum change that may serve to promote support systems thinking and security awareness in educational environments.
Case Report: Interstitial-intralesional laser therapy and laser-assisted new attachment procedure for the treatment of an aggressive pyogenic granuloma
Authors: Akkarapatum Anon , Klanrit Poramaporn , Sattayut Sajee
Published: August 2022

Background: A pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a common benign vascular lesion found in the oral cavity. The gold standard treatment of this lesion, comprising surgical excision and the elimination of etiological factors, cannot avoid tooth loss in the case of an aggressive pyogenic granuloma. Because of the prominent properties of 980 nm and 635 nm diode lasers in photocoagulation and photobiomodulation, we applied these wavelengths in the treatment of a large pyogenic granuloma with alveolar bone loss.

Case presentation: Our objective was to use a combination of interstitial-intralesional laser therapy, photocoagulation and laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP) to preserve the teeth and periodontal tissue in a case of an aggressive pyogenic granuloma.

Results: The patient was a 13-year-old Thai male with a pyogenic granuloma involving the interdental papilla and lingual gingiva of the lower left first and second molars. The teeth were also displaced by the lesion. After treatment with three sessions of photocoagulation, three sessions of interstitial-intralesional laser therapy and two sessions of LANAP, the lesion was completely resolved. The periodontal status of the teeth was improved at the six-month follow-up.

Conclusion: The combination of interstitial-intralesional laser therapy, photocoagulation and LANAP was able to treat an aggressive pyogenic granuloma with tooth preservation.
The effect of coffee on contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions
Authors: Srivastava Ishaan , Kalaiah Mohan Kumar , Roushan Ritik , Shastri Usha , Kumar Kaushlendra
Published: August 2022

Background: Coffee is a popular non-alcoholic beverage consumed by humans across the world. It contains caffeine, which is a type of stimulant of the central nervous system. In the auditory system, it has a positive effect on auditory brainstem response and perception of speech in noise. Further, caffeine has an inhibitory effect in the cochlea, but studies have rarely investigated its effect on otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) in humans. OAEs are low-intensity sounds produced by the cochlea, which could be recorded in the ear canal. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of coffee on transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and contralateral suppression of TEOAE.

Method: A total of 52 young adults participated in the study. A cross-over study design was used for the present investigation. The TEOAE and contralateral suppression of TEOAE were recorded before and after consumption of coffee and milk. The contralateral suppression of TEOAE was measured by presenting white noise to the contralateral ear at 40, 50, and 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL).

Results: The mean amplitude of TEOAE before and after consumption of coffee was similar in both ears. Further, the mean contralateral suppression of TEOAE was slightly larger after consumption of coffee in both ears. However, the mean difference was not significant in both the ears.

Conclusions: Based on the findings of present study, coffee has no significant effect on the amplitude of TEOAE and contralateral suppression of TEOAE.
A multi-stakeholder participatory pilot study of the data demands of the future Ethiopian dairy sector
Authors: Perry Brian D. , Aklilu Gebreyes Yacob , Hailemariam Solomon , Legese Getachew , Smyth Karen , Peters Andrew R. , Allan Fiona K. , Tegegne Azage
Published: August 2022

Background:  This paper describes a pilot study undertaken in 2018, to determine the key data needs of each of the different Ethiopian dairy sector stakeholder groups.  The study aimed to characterise the emerging trends of dairy product production, processing, retailing and consumption in Ethiopia, and to identify and characterise current and future data needs of different stakeholders.

Methods:  The study undertook a mapping of the interactions between different stakeholders in the dairy sector, and an interactive evaluation of the institutional data repository and access options.  Focus group discussions and interviews were held in three regions of the country prior to a two-day workshop in the capital Addis Ababa.  Data needs were characterised by type, availability, format, level of detail, methods of dissemination, uptake and use, and the institutional arrangement, including the different roles of public and private sectors in decision making processes.

Results:  The study highlighted the main data needs and identified several broader institutional issues constraining the further development of the Ethiopian dairy sector.  The stakeholder groups endorsed the reactivation of a national dairy board, independent of government but closely incorporating government, and with the buy-in and membership of private sector enterprises, including producers, processers, service providers and consumers, to provide clearer facilitative leadership on the dairy industry.

Conclusions:  The study workshop provided a timely discussion between diverse stakeholders, including government, and several potential organisations were suggested to host and manage a national dairy database. Importantly, the reactivation of a national dairy board was strongly endorsed.  It was recommended that stakeholder links be established, sector-specific data needs be elevated to higher detail, and a national roll out of herd-specific data recording schemes was called for, to allow for effective evidence-based policies and decision making.
Who uses covertly and what is the impact on contraceptive dynamics? Evidence from a national cohort of women in Uganda
Authors: Wood Shannon N. , Sarnak Dana O. , Kibira Simon P.S. , Zimmerman Linnea A. , Karp Celia , Makumbi Fredrick , Moreau Caroline
Published: August 2022

Background: Little is known regarding the specific role of covert use (i.e., use of contraception without partner knowledge) in contraceptive discontinuation and switching. Among a nationally representative cohort of women in Uganda, we sought to: 1) compare characteristics of covert, overt, and non-users of contraception at baseline; 2) assess the effect of using contraception covertly on switching and discontinuation over a one-year period.

Methods: Analyses utilized PMA2020 Uganda Round 6 (April–May 2018), with longitudinal analyses incorporating data from a one-year follow-up survey (May–June 2019). Both cross-sectional (n=1,764) and longitudinal (n=616) samples included women in need of contraception. For cross-sectional analyses, multinomial regression compared risk of overt/covert use vs. non-use by user characteristics and logistic regression compared the odds of covert vs. overt use among contraceptive users. For longitudinal analyses, multinomial regression examined risk of contraceptive switching and discontinuation by baseline covert vs. overt use status.

Results: Among contraceptive users, 14.1% reported using covertly. In cross-sectional analyses, higher wealth (aRRR=1.74; 95% CI=1.19-2.54), secondary or higher education (aRRR=2.52; 95% CI=1.42-4.49), and middle parity (aRRR=1.24; 95% CI=1.00, 2.28) were associated with an increased risk of overt use, and higher wealth (aRRR=2.08; 95% CI=1.09-3.98) and polygyny (aRRR=1.60; 95% CI=1.01-2.54) with covert use, compared to non-use. Among contraceptive users, women within polygynous unions had double the odds of using covertly compared to those with monogamous partners (aOR=1.97; 95% CI=1.28-3.03). Longitudinal analyses revealed large proportions of overt and covert users switched (30% overt, 26% covert) or discontinued methods (32% overt, 37% covert) at one-year follow-up, however, neither switching nor discontinuation was significantly related to overt/covert use status at baseline.

Conclusions: Though significant differences by covert use status were not detected, approximately 33% of users discontinued over one year; these women represent important beneficiaries of family planning programming as they may remain at risk for unintended pregnancy.
ON THE ISSUE OF LEXICAL PATTERNS OF FIRE-TECHNICAL TERMS TRANSLATION
Authors: Namychkina Elizaveta , Sheyko Anna
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Translating fire-technical terms is a difficult task for a translator, since if the meaning of a word is conveyed incorrectly or inaccurately, the goal of translation - successful intercultural communication - cannot be achieved. The difficulty in achieving translation equivalence lies in linguistic lacuna of corresponding phenomena in Russia and abroad, as well as in the lack of knowledge in professional sphere due to the narrow focus of the field. In view of the need for interaction between Russia and foreign countries on fire safety issues, the problem of finding the right equivalences seems to be one of the most important.

Aim. The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of fire-technical terms taken from authentic sources.

Methodology and research methods. The study was conducted by random sampling of terms from specialized texts. The authors relied on a comparative method to identify differences between the selected terms in two languages.

Results. The article analyzes the translation principles and transformations that are most often used when translating fire-technical texts. The conclusion of the expediency of applying this or that technique is made, and it is shown that the price that should be paid for a translation mistake is too high.

Scientific novelty. This work is intended to draw attention to lexical gaps formed in translation studies due to lack of knowledge in the sphere of fire-technical terms interlingual correspondence.

Practical significance. The study contributes to the development of efficient communication between professionals from different countries in the field of fire safety. The article may be of interest not only to translators, but also to technical experts, as it allows comparing instrumentarium used in different countries.
NEW EDUCATIONAL CONTENT OF CREATIVE LOCAL HISTORY TOURISM IN THE CONTEXT OF COMMUNICATION STUDIES
Authors: Isaeva Nina
Published: August 2022

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the search for new forms of interaction in the field of cultural industries located at the intersection of education and tourism. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to develop a new cultural and educational interactive product within the framework of the development of creative tourism in the Kaluga region, reflecting the society's demand for new forms of interaction. Inclusion in the information and communication space of the region is most successful if there is interaction with the addressee of communication (consumer) at different levels: semantic, emotional, technological, event-based. The main research methods are analysis, generalization, modeling, observation, testing. Using the example of a local history quest using modern educational storytelling technology, the ways of involving foreign guests, as well as representatives of national and cultural autonomies living in the Kaluga region, in active knowledge of the historical and cultural features of Kaluga and the region are shown. The "pocket guide" tool developed for completing the quest not only provides a meaningful filling of the communicative space, but also through special tasks offers to make independent observations of cultural objects of the city and region, helps to find answers to questions during the quiz, involves participants in dialogue and co-creativity, forms a national and cultural identity in a multicultural environment. This study helps to identify new communication channels and means of information transmission based on modern technologies that allow to obtain new effects in the interaction of subjects - educational, cultural, social.
Is there a correlation between vitiligo and hearing loss? - review of the literature
Authors: Rusinowska Barbara
Published: August 2022

Vitiligo is the most common cause of hipopigmentation occuring with a frequency of 0.5-2% relying on impairment of melanin production caused by the loss of melanocytes. Melanocytes are observed not only in the skin's epidermis and hair follicles but also in the mucosa, the uvea, mesencephalon and on the structures of inner ear – including the stria vascularis, the cochlea and the dark cell areas in the vestibular organs where they play role in regulation auditory and equilibrium functions. These rationale prompted scientists to study the link between hearing loss and vitiligo. Scientists' opinions are divided in this respect - some of them, as a result of their research, see a possible connection, others do not see a correlation between the two diseases. In this review, we present the latest studies evaluating the correlation of hearing impairment with vitiligo.
Using RNAi in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases - therapeutics based on siRNA overview
Authors: Rusinowska Barbara
Published: August 2022

RNA interference (RNAi) discovered in the 1990s by Fire and Mello plays a role in silencing gene function. One type of RNAi is siRNA, which is a double-stranded molecule of 20-25 base pairs. This molecule is made by cleaving double-stranded RNA by the enzyme Dicer. siRNA binds to the protein complex with ribonuclease activity - RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex). The resulting complex binds to the mRNA and cuts it into parts, which blocks the formation of the protein encoded by the mRNA. This property has been exploited in the production of siRNA-based drugs. However, the instability of siRNA molecules turned out to be difficult - the challenge was to properly modify the structure of siRNA in order to increase the stability and half-life and select the appropriate method of delivering the molecule to the body. Many siRNA-based drugs have already been developed, but most are in clinical trials. In this review, we present the role of RNA interference in therapeutics production and use of siRNA in cardiovascular diseases treatment.
The Unconscious and the Genesis of Consciousness. Psychoanalysis Meets Phenomenology
Authors: Brudzińska Jagna
Published: August 2022

THE UNCONSCIOUS AND THE GENESIS OF CONSCIOUSNESS: PSYCHOANALYSIS MEETS PHENOMENOLOGY In this paper, I reconstruct some of the multiple meanings the notion of the unconscious takes on in Husserl’s phenomenology as well as in Freudian and post- Freudian psychoanalysis. In particular, the distinct meanings of the unconscious as (1) an interruption of consciousness, as (2) a dynamic source of motivation, and finally as (3) a possible dimension of intersubjective encounter. Thus, not only a parallelism between the analyses of Freud and Husserl emerges, but a potential for mutual inspiration between the two disciplines.
Analyses Concerning Phenomena of Desire in Husserl’s Thought
Authors: Deodati Marco
Published: August 2022

ANALYSES CONCERNING PHAENOMENA OF DESIRE IN HUSSERL’S THOUGHT Starting from the analysis of a large group of long unpublished manuscripts, known as Studies on the Structure of Consciousness and recently published as volume XLIII of the complete works, this contribution aims at reconstructing some central elements in Husserlian analysis of the phenomena of the sphere of desire. These phenomena are an excellent example of the interweaving that concretely constitutes the life of consciousness: they are in fact distinct from the acts of feeling and volition, while maintaining structural connections with them. In particular, they are an expression of that peculiar intentional mode that Husserl defines as “taking part in things”, thanks to which the subject is involved in the dynamics of the world. In the dimension of desire, Husserl finds three distinct phenomena: simple whishing (Wünschen), desire in the strict sense (Begehren) and the drive feeling (Triebgefühl). All of them show, each in its own way, a common character, namely missing (vermissen), which reveals a lack or a deficiency in the emotional life of consciousness. In simply whishing, the subject remains in a feeling of lack, missing something not yet real and desiring something in the sense of simply wanting, without actively striving for it. On the contrary, desire in the strict sense implies that the lacking object is given as something that calls us strongly, driving us toward possession and appropriation. Finally, in the case of the drive feeling, there is a lack understood as a restlessness that gives rise to a drive movement or action, in which the tension is discharged.
Prevention is better than cure
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: August 2022

In an ever-changing world, the NHS must adapt if it is to meet the needs of the 21st century population. Improvements in longevity have not been matched by improvements in health. This article explores the health of the nation and NHS, and what must be done to improve health.