bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Implementation of Exclusive Breastfeeding Policies: A Literature Review
Authors: Nindya Yuditha , Kurniawan Arif , Nafisah Lu'lu , Wahyuningsih Eri
Published: August 2024

Background Providing optimal nutrition in the first 6 months of life is important because it can support the child's nutritional status before complementary feeding begins. Formulating health policies related to exclusive breastfeeding is one of the government's strategy to gain support from various parties. policies were prepared with the aim of ensuring that the community was able to provide exclusive breastfeeding until the child was two years old and accompanied by additional food according to nutritional needs. This research aims to describe the implementation of exclusive breastfeeding policies in worldwide
Methods A systematic literature review was conducted of the published literature review the years 2019 – 2024. Published literature included journals, papers and issue briefs. Content analysis were conducted to explore more about the policy implementation. 7 articles were selected to be reviewed in this study.
Results Mother's knowledge, working mother, husband's support and family support play an important role in the success of exclusive breastfeeding. The factors that influence the provision of exclusive breastfeeding to working mothers include lack of socialization, lack of supporting facilities, and the implementation of special policies regarding exclusive breastfeeding in the workplace.
Conclusions Increasing administrative capacity, cross-sector support, adequate communication and coordination as well as increasing government commitment in implementing policies are the keys to successful implementation of exclusive breastfeeding policies
Exploring Perceptions of Marriage and Reproductive Health Among Thalassemia Patients in Banyumas Regency
Authors: Kotale Nichola Noelle , Wijayanti Siwi Pramatama Mars , Rujito Lantip
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background: Thalassemias are a large group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by imbalanced globin chain production, resulting in and haemolytic anaemia. The complications of thalassemia arise due to iron overload in the bodily organs. Iron overload in the endocrine glands causes hypogonadism, which then affects the growth of reproductive organs. As a result, reproduction in thalassemia patients is not a normal procedure. Thalassemia patients considering marriage and having a family go through so many psychological problems in life, which are influenced by factors such as their socioeconomic status, adherence to treatment and complications. These factors play a role in shaping the perceptions towards marriage and reproduction of thalassemia patients.
Method: This study was aimed at exploring the perceptions surrounding marriage and reproduction. This research was a descriptive study design conducted in Purwokerto, Central Java. Data was collected for 37 participants through interviews and questionnaires, for variables on sociodemographic, attitude to treatment, and perceptions surrounding marriage and reproduction. Data was analyzed using Microsoft excel and Minitab software version 22.
Results: The results demonstrated that the average age of the participants was 26.41 with a standard deviation of 5.93. The youngest participant was 16 years and the oldest was 39 years old. 84% of the participants were female and 16% were male. 75% of the participants had an education level of high school or lower, 81% had economic support, and 56% had jobs with income. Most participants never abandoned blood transfusion therapy, iron chelation, and other necessary treatments. Many reported of experiencing negative impacts in their lives, despite the absence of complications. Married participants still report of experiencing infertility, while some have children. Many participants agree for prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia foetus but disagree on abortion of thalassemia foetus. Participants interviewed about their perception regarding male and female contraceptive methods, had little knowledge regarding the subject.
Conclusion: More studies are needed to fully explore the perceptions on marriage and reproductive health of thalassemia patients. Thalassemia patients willing to start a family go through so many challenges, and need collective support from the society and caregivers, for them to live a normal life. Thalassemia patients should also understand reproductive health through counselling.
Keywords: Marriage, Thalassemia, Reproductive Health, Fertility
Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Stimulasi Tumbuh Kembang Melalui Pelatihan Kader Posyandu Balita
Authors: Upoyo Arif Setyo , Ramawati Dian , Purnawan Iwan
Published: August 2024

Posyandu merupakan bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat yang sangat penting dalam meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat khususnya Balita.  Kelompok Kader Posyandu Balita di Desa Purwokerto Kidul Kecamatan Purwokerto Selatan, Banyumas didirikan dalam rangka meningkatkan partisipasi dan kemandirian masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesehatan  Balita.   Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh kelompok kader Posyandu Balita RW 5 dan RW 7 Purwokerto Selatan antara lain:  pelaksananan posyandu belum sesuai standar pelaksanaan dan adiministrasi Posyandu, masih dijumpai Balita dengan status gizi kurang,  kemampuan kader dalam menilai status tumbuh kembang balita masih rendah, Ketrampilan kader dalam melakukan stimulasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita masih rendah serta masih rendahnya kemampuan kader dalam penatalaksanaan awal masalah kesehatan yang sering dijumpai pada balita.  Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan untuk mengatasi permasalah  mitra, yaitu  Pelatihan tentang: manajemen posyandu, pengukuran status gizi balita, Penilaian perkembangan anak, Pelatihan tentang  Stimulasi tumbuh kembang Balita, Pelatihan Penatalaksanaan awal masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi pada balita, Pelatihan Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) Balita, Monitoring pelaksanaan dan evaluasi  Posyandu. Hasil penilaian rata-rata pengetahuan kader sebelum pelatihan 65 (cukup), setelah pelatihan 83 (baik). 100% kader meningkat pengetahuanya, Kader juga dapat mendemonstrasikan pembuatan PMT Balita.
OPTIMALISASI DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT MENULAR COVID-19 PADA KELOMPOK RENTAN DI PANTI PELAYANAN SOSIAL LANSIA
Authors: Iskandar Asep , Setiyani Rahmi , Nani Desiyani
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Lansia termasuk pada kelompok rentan mengalami masalah kesehatan, termasuk di masa pandemic Covid-19. Seiring bertambahnya usia seseorang, tubuh akan mengalami berbagai penurunan akibat proses penuaaan kemudian sistem imun pada lansia pun tidak dapat bekerja dengan maksimal layaknya saat masih muda. Akibatnya, sulit bagi orang lansia untuk melawan berbagai macam bakteri atau virus penyebab penyakit, termasuk terinfeksi virus corona covid 19. Situasi tersebut menjadi sebuah gambaran diperlukannya sebuah upaya promosi kesehatan melalui kegiatan penyuluhan kepada lansia. Selain itu, dukungan sosial menjadi hal yang penting bagi lansia dalam meningkatkan Kesehatan dan mencegah penyakit Covid-19.  Tujuan: Melihat peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dari petugas panti dan  lansia tentang dukungan sosial. Metode: Evaluasi kualitatif digunakan untuk melihat perubahan pada pengetahuan dan ketrampilan dari petugas panti dan lansia tentang dukungan sosial. Subyek berjumlah  10 orang petugas panti dan 40 lansia yang dipilih dengan tehnik kuota sampling. Pengetahuan dan ketrampilan diukur secara kualitatif melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil: Jumlah peserta yang datang mengikuti kegiatan adalah 45 orang atau mencapai 90% dari target. Kegiatan meliputi: 1) overview tentang masalah Covid-19 pada lansia; 2) upaya yang dapat diakukan dalam peningkatan Kesehatan lansia; 3) dukungan sosial bagi lansia. Data sebelum kegiatan , petugas panti menyampaikan dengan kondisi pandemic Covid-19, banyak kegiatan panti yang disesuaikan dan adanya pembatasan tamu yang berkunjung. Dengan kondisi ini mempengaruhi kondisi lansia sehingga diperlukan upaya-upaya yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan lansia sekarang. Petugas panti merasa belum cukup pengetahuan terkait Covid-19 dan upaya yang dapat dilakukan. Setelah kegiatan, petugas panti dan lansia dapat memahami tentang Covid-19 dan pentingnya memberikan dukungan soaial. Petugas juga menyatakan puas terhadap kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini. Kesimpulan: kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan petugas dan lansia tentang dukungan sosial dalam peningkatan Kesehatan lansia
Transfer Teknologi Yogurt Nabati Berbasis Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata)
Authors: Winarsi Hery , Ramadhan Gumintang Ratna , Khoiriani Izzati Nur
Published: August 2024

This activity aims to transfer the technology for making vegetable yogurt based on mung bean to the producers of Yogurt Sehati, North Purwanegara Village, Purwokerto Utara and the surrounding community, as well as motivating participants to use it. The method used is counseling, practice, and explanation of product benefits for health. This activity begins with the selection of strategic target audiences, capable and able to carry out all activities. A total of 16 ladies and gentlemen, who work as cow's milk yogurt producers, housewives, bread producers, and chicken cream producers in the local village, acted as participants. In this activity, pre-test and post-test were carried out, followed by counseling on mung bean yogurt products and their benefits, and manufacturing practices, as well as business feasibility calculations. The results of this activity showed that the participants were very enthusiastic, as seen from the increase in test scores from 70.67 to 80.1 (P=0.04). When the practice of making mung bean yogurt was carried out, there were several questions asked from the participants, complete with the requirements for producing it. In conclusion, participants were interested in developing plant-based yogurt products that were felt to be easy to make, inexpensive to invest in, but great in benefits.
Skrinning Tekanan Darah Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Hipertensi Pada Lansia Di Kelurahan Berkoh, Purwokerto Selatan
Authors: Siwi Adiratna Sekar , Sumarni Tri , Hidayat Arif Imam
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi merupakan salah satu Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) yang paling sering terjadi di dunia dan menjadi faktor risiko kematian utama. Penyakit tidak menular muncul dari kombinasi faktor risiko yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi dan faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi. Fakor risiko yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi oleh individu adalah usia, jenis kelamin, dan genetika. Faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi adalah faktor yang dapat diubah melalui kesadaran individu itu sendiri dan intervensi sosial. Upaya meningkatkan kesadaran pasien agar tekanan darah terkontrol dan terjadi penurunan gejala, dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pendidikan kesehatan. Upaya kesehatan tersebut terfokus pada upaya peningkatan perilaku sehat, pendorong perilaku yang menunjang kesehatan, pencegahan penyakit, pengobatan dan pemulihan penyakit.
Tujuan: Melalui program pengabdian ini diharapkan masyarakat lansia mengetahui tekanan darah serta meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pencegahan hipertensi secara dini.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah ceramah, diskusi dengan menggunakan media poster dan pengukuran tekanan darah. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh kelompok dawis desa Berkoh, berjumlah 37 orang.
Hasil: Hasil pengukuran tekanan darah didapatkan sebagian besar tekanan darah dalam kategori normal sebanyak 23 peserta (62,2%), namun ada sebagian kecil peserta yang mengalami pre hipertensi sebanyak 8 orang (21,6%), hipertensi grade 1 sebanyak 2 orang (5,4%) serta hipertensi grade 2 sebanyak 4 orang (10,8%).
Kesimpulan: Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini telah berhasil mencapai tujuan utama yaitu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang penyakit hipertensi dan bagaimana tatalaksana non farmakologi penyakit ini, sehingga adanya perubahan perilaku dalam hal diet dan aktivitas untuk menurunkan tekanan darah dan pengetahuan yang meningkat.
KELOMPOK PENGRAJIN GERABAH BERBASIS HEALTH CARE
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin , Pratama Koernia Nanda , Wahyudin Wahyudin
Published: August 2024

Abstract
 
The activity area is in Soreang Ca'di, precisely in Pa'batangan Village, Mappasunggu District, Takalar Regency. In Soreang Ca'di village there are several groups of pottery craftsmen who are currently actively producing several types of pottery. This activity aims to increase the knowledge of craftsmen about personal protective equipment while at work, there are guidelines that become a reference for craftsmen in protecting themselves during work. The method used in this activity is counseling and training with simulations with an active participation approach. Based on the results of the activities that have been carried out, it can be seen that the counseling and training carried out have increased the knowledge of craftsmen. Conclusion: The counseling and training carried out effectively increased the knowledge and behavior of Posyandu craftsmen in washing hands and using PPE in making pottery craftsmen.
Keywords: Craftsmen, Pottery, Knowledge, Behavior
Program Latihan Otago untuk Kesehatan Fisik dan Mental Lansia Selama Pandemi COVID 19 di Desa Dukuh Mencek Kecamatan Sukorambi Jember
Authors: Zulka Ayesie Natasa
Published: August 2024

Program latihan otago adalah program latihan yang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kekuatan fisik dan keshehatan lansia. Program ini dikembangkan selaras dengan renstra pengabdian UM Jember dan kebijakan pemerintah terkait pemeliharaan kesehatan lansia. Program ini bekerja sama dengan posyandu lansia Desa Dukuh Mencek Kecamatan Sukorambi Jember. Target dan luaran yang dihasilkan dari program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah 1) produk jasa berupa pengetahuan dan pelatihan otago bagi lansia dan kader posyandu, 2) tersedia modul atau buku sederhana tentang kesehtan fisik dan mental lansia selama pandemi, 3) Video kegiatan, 4) artikel yang terkareditasi nasional. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah 1) pendampingan, 2) edukasi  dan 3) praktek latihan otago pada lansia dan kader posyandu lansia dengan evaluasi pada proses dan hasil dari kegiatan program latihan otago. Program latihan otago terlaksana pada 7 April 2022 di balai desa Dukuh Mencek dengan diikuti oleh 31 lansia. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan meliputi sosialisasi kegiatan,  screening kesehatan fisik dan mental lansia serta pemberian latihan otago. Hasil screening didapatkan bahwa 93,5% lansia tidak berpotensi mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental, dan 61,3% lansia memiliki resiko tinggi jatuh. Kegiatan berlangsung dengan lancar dan antusias. Diharapkan kegiatan ini dapat terus berlanjut di posyandu lansia desa Dukuh Mencek.
Upaya Peningkatan Aktifitas Fisik Melalui Latihan the Six-minute Walk Pada Masyarakat Penderita Gagal Jantung
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Andari Fatsiwi Nunik , Ferasinta Ferasinta , Oktarianita Oktarianita
Published: August 2024

Gagal jantung merupakan masalah epidemi global yang angka kejadiannya semakin meningkat baik dalam hal prevalensi, morbiditas dan mortalitas. Gagal jantung menjadi salah satu dari dua penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia dengan jumlah  kasus sebanyak 11.34%. Masalah ini menimbulkan masalah fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan ekonomi pada masyarakat. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan oleh dosen dan mahasiswa Prodi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. Beberapa program diantaranya adalah edukasi kesehatan tentang pola hidup sehat dengan gagal jantung yang dimanifestasikan dalam kegiatan latihan the six-minute walk distance. Program ini telah diimplementasikan oleh seluruh pasien binaan sebagai salah satu program rehabilitasi jantung dalam upaya meningkatkan aktifitas fisik pada pasien gagal jantung.
Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Sikap Tubuh Ergonomis dan Pola Aktivitas untuk mencegah Muskuloskeletal Disorders pada Remaja
Authors: Nani Desiyani , Ulfah Nur , Heza Fuad Noor , Sumarwati Made , Pratiwi Hikmi Muharromah , Choiruna Hasby Pri , Mulyono Wastu Adi , Lestari Chanthy Tri , Maulita Adinda Arka
Published: August 2024

Latar belakang: Pandemi COVID 19 selama kurun waktu dua tahun ini telah menghentikan banyak aktivitas manusia, termasuk remaja yang harus  belajar secara online di rumah. Aktivitas fisik yang kurang adekuat dan juga sikap kerja tubuh selama beraktivitas di rumah yang tidak memperhatikan prinsip ergonomis dalam jangka waktu yang lama, memberikan dampak terhadap kesehatan terutama munculnya gangguan muskuloskeletal mulai dari yang ringan-sedang pada remaja. Tujuan: melakukan pendidikan kesehatan tentang sikap tubuh ergonomis dan pola hidup sehat untuk mencegah terjadinya musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Metode: Pengabdian kepada masyarakat berbasis riset dilakukan dengan metode pendidikan kesehatan dengan topik sikap tubuh ergonomis dan pola aktivitas/olahraga dalam rangka mencegah gangguan tulang dan sendi. Peserta yang hadir sebanyak 50 orang. Hasil : Tingkat pengetahuan remaja tentang bagaiman pola aktivitas dan olahraga yang ideal untuk remaja berada pada tingkat sedang yaitu sebanyak 41 anak (82%) dan tingkat pengetahuan tentang sikap ergonomis tubuh dalam aktivitas sehai-hari dalam mencegah musculoskeletal disorder sudah mencapai 96% tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi. Kesimpulan: Pendidikan kesehatan tentang sikap tubuh ergonomis sangat penting dilakukan pada remaja untuk membekali pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku sikap tubuh ergonomis yang baik dan benar dalam aktivitas sehari-hari sehingga mencegah terjadinya MSDs. Dengan terjaganya kesehatan otot, tulang, dan sendi maka kualitas hidup dan produktivitas remaja akan terpelihara bahkan meningkat.
 
Kata kunci: Ergonomi, sikap tubuh, musculoskeletal disorders, remaja
Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Hipertensi melalui Metode Penyuluhan di Desa Bukit Raya Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang
Authors: Markang Andi Nindya , Gemi Nastiti Dian Ayu , Fikrianur Alfif , Dwilana Asindra , Putra Rheza Armadani , Zakki Muhammad Royhan
Published: August 2024

Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi adalah suatupeningkatan abnormal tekanan darah dalam pembuluh daraharteri secara terus-menerus lebih dari suatu periode. MenurutWHO, batasan tekanan darah yang masih dianggap normal adalah 140/90 mmHg, sedangkan tekanan darah ≥160/95 mmHg dinyatakan sebagai Hipertensi. Hipertensi merupakanpenyakit tidak menular yang dapat menyebabkan timbulnyapenyakit kardiovaskuler. Berbagai komplikasi dapat timbuldari hipertensi yaitu stroke, serangan jantung dan gagal ginjalsehingga pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan perlu dilakukansedini mungkin. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukanadalah dengan menigkatkan ilmu pengetahuan melaluipendidikan kesehatan. Pendidikan kesehatan dilakukan gunatercapainya perubahan perilaku individu atau kelompokmasyarakat dalam memelihara dan membina perilaku sehatsehingga dapat menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian. Pendidikan Kesehatan ini dilakukan di Jl.Merdeka Rt.17 Blok.A Desa Bukit Raya kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara sebagai bentuk pengabdianmasyarakat Himpunan Mahasiswa Ilmu KeperawatanUniversitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur. Materi yang diberikan antara lain pengertian, penyebab, tanda dan gejala, faktor-faktor terjadinya hipertensi dan cara mencegah dan mengobati hipertensi. Penyampaian materi tersebut dilakukanmelalui leaflet dan power point. Dampak dari pengabdian iniyaitu adanya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat dalammencegah hipertensi.
Panjang abstrak maksimum 350 kata, satu paragraf. Ditulisdengan font Cambria 11. Spasi 1 (single) ditulis miring (italic). Abstrak berisikan intisari dari pendahuluan, metode, hasil dan pembahasan, kesimpulan.
The Performance Analysis of Bank Syariah Mandiri with Maqasid Sharia Index Approach in the 2013–2017 Period
Authors: Nugroho Anton Priyo , Puspitawati Evi Setyorini , Andriansyah Yuli
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri based on maqasid sharia using the maqasid sharia index (MSI) approach. The data was collected based on the bank’s reports from 2013-2017. Based on all performance indicators, the best performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri was in 2015, followed by 2017 and 2013. Maqasid sharia can be used as a reference in evaluating the performance of Bank Syariah Mandiri in the aspect of Islamic economics. The performance scoring effort can be maximized if the items or elements reported in Bank Syariah Mandiri financial statements can adjust to the maqasid sharia.
Mosque Leaders and Management of COVID–19 Pandemic in Ijebu North-East of Ogun State, Nigeria: A Qualitative Survey
Authors: Dauda Kazeem
Published: August 2024

The global response to the December 2019 outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, and its rapid spread to over 200 countries/territories has been intense, with governments, inter-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, health and humanitarian agencies, medical experts, and religious institutions all paying close attention. Following the discovery of its index case on February 27, 2020 in Lagos state, Nigeria, various measures were implemented to contain the spread of the deadly virus, including full-cum-partial lockdown, quarantine, and ban on social and religious gatherings, closure of religious centers, among others. The implementation of these COVID-19 Guidelines/Protocols began on March 30, 2020, in the affected states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Religious leaders are thus recognized as key stakeholders in the implementation of these guidelines. Using qualitative and analytical research methods, this paper investigated how mosque leaders in Ijebu North-East responded to the implementation of COVID-19 Guidelines and the challenges encountered in the process. Findings revealed that during the total lockdown, prominent Imams at various central mosques in the local government suspended daily and Jumu‘at congregation prayers, Ramadan Tafsir al-Qur'an, Iftar, Tarawih and Tahajjud, and celebrations of ‘Eid-el-Fitri, ‘Eid-el-Adha and Mawlud-en-Nabiyy. During the de-escalation of the lockdown, the NCDC’s COVID-19 Guidelines on Re-Opening Places of Worship were strictly followed. Inadequate resources, misconceptions, and a sense of disbelief among some Muslims in the existence of COVID-19 are among the identified challenges. The study concludes by suggesting how mosque leaders can proactively assist governments in eradicating coronavirus and related diseases.
The Imaginary Universe (on the Three Complementary Sets of Measurement Units Defining Three Dark Electrons)
Authors: Łukaszyk Szymon
Published: August 2024

Three Fresnel coefficients for the normal incidence of electromagnetic radiation on monolayer graphene establish three complementary fine-structure constants, two of which are negative. Each introduces its own specific set of Planck units. Hence, two sets of basic Planck units are real and two are imaginary. The elementary charge is the same in all those sets of Planck units, establishing equality between the products of each fine-structure constant and the speed of light it is associated with, and defining the dark electron in each of these three complementary systems. All fine-structure constants are related to each other through the constant of pi, which indicates that they do not vary over time. The negative complementary fine-structure constant established by the graphene reflectance is dual to the fine-structure constant. The assumption of universality of the black hole entropy formula to the remaining two stellar objects emitting perfect black-body radiation less dense than a black hole (neutron stars and white dwarfs) renders their energies exceeding their mass-energy equivalence. To accommodate this unphysical result, we introduced an imaginary mass and defined three complex energies in terms of real and imaginary Planck units, storing the surplus energy in their imaginary parts. It follows that black holes are fundamentally uncharged and have a vanishing imaginary mass. We have derived the lower bound on the mass of a charged black-body \textit{object}, the upper bound on a white dwarf radius, and the equilibrium density of all three complex energies. The complex force between real masses and imaginary charges leads to the complex black-body \textit{object's} surface gravity and generalized Hawking radiation complex temperature. Furthermore, based on the Bohr model for the hydrogen atom, we show that complex conjugates of this force represent atoms and antiatoms. The proposed model considers the value(s) of the fine-structure constant(s), which is(are) otherwise neglected in general relativity, and explains the registered (GWOSC) high masses of neutron star mergers and the associated fast radio bursts (CHIME) without resorting to any hypothetical types of exotic stellar objects.
Microplastics and Climate Change: Unveiling Ecological Impacts and Addressing Research Gaps
Authors: Navarro Andrea
Published: August 2024

Microplastics, pervasive in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, have emerged as significant contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). This review synthesizes recent studies from 2019 to 2024, revealing the complex mechanisms through which microplastics influence GHG production. These mechanisms include the adsorption of nutrients and pollutants onto microplastic surfaces and their role as substrates for microbial colonization. The impacts of microplastics vary significantly across different environments, such as agricultural soils and marine sediments. The review underscores the urgent need for standardized methodologies and long-term field studies to accurately assess the ecological consequences of microplastics. Notably, the role of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent GHG with a global warming potential nearly 300 times that of CO2, remains underexplored in the context of microplastic interactions, highlighting a critical research gap. Additionally, the synergistic effects of microplastics with other pollutants require further investigation to fully understand their cumulative impact on GHG emissions. This review calls for a coordinated effort among researchers and policymakers to advance our understanding of microplastics' role in global GHG budgets and to develop effective strategies for mitigating their environmental and climatic impacts.
Six Dimensions for Proof of Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: mousavi seyed kazem
Published: August 2024

This paper presents proof of Riemann's hypothesis by utilizing the golden ratio and the ellipse's eccentricity in six dimensions. This proof extends across all scientific fields. this research introduces logical and mathematical principles for distributing, recognizing, and categorizing prime numbers. It also explores the relationship between prime numbers and the complex conjugate of five prime numbers in various dimensions. Accordingly, it delves into the classification of even numbers based on prime numbers. This study examines the proof of Riemann's hypothesis from a geometric dimension perspective. Based on this, the mathematical structure of an integrated theory is defined. properties and principles associated with prime numbers reveal connections between quantum mechanics and general relativity.
A Systematic Review on Expert Systems for Improving Energy Efficiency in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Ioshchikhes Borys , Frank Michael , Weigold Matthias
Published: August 2024

Against the backdrop of the European Union's commitment to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, efforts to improve energy efficiency are being intensified. The manufacturing industry is a key focal point of these endeavors due to its high final electrical energy demand, while simultaneously facing a growing shortage of skilled workers crucial for meeting established goals. Expert systems (ESs) offer the chance to overcome this challenge by automatically identifying potential energy efficiency improvements and thereby playing a significant role in reducing electricity consumption. This paper systematically reviews state-of-the-art approaches of ESs aimed at improving energy efficiency in industry, with a focus on manufacturing. The literature search yields 1668 results, of which 62 articles published between 1987 and 2024 are analyzed in depth. These publications are classified according to the system boundary, manufacturing type, application perspective, application purpose, ES type, and industry. Furthermore, we examine the structure, implementation, utilization, and development of ESs in this context. Through this analysis, the review reveals research gaps, pointing toward promising topics for future research.
How Trustworthy Are Genomic Sequences of SARS-CoV-2 in GenBank?
Authors: Xia Xuhua
Published: August 2024

Well-annotated gene and genomic sequences serve as a foundation for making inferences in molecular biology and evolution, and can directly impact public health. The first SARS-CoV-2 genome was submitted to GenBank and used to develop the two successful vaccines. Conserved protein domains are often chosen as targets for developing antiviral medicines or vaccines. Mutation and substitution patterns provide crucial information not only on functional motifs and genome/protein interactions but also for characterizing phylogenetic relationships among viral strains. These patterns, together with the collection time of viral samples, serve as the basis for addressing the question of when and where the host-switching event occurred. Unfortunately, viral genomic sequences submitted to GenBank undergo little quality control, and critical information in the annotation is frequently changed without being recorded. Researchers often have no choice but to hold blind faith in the accuracy of the sequences. There have been reports of incorrect genome annotation but no report that casts doubt on the genomic sequences themselves because it seems theoretically impossible to identify genomic sequences that may not be authentic. This paper takes an innovative approach to show that some SARS-CoV-2 genomes submitted to GenBank cannot be possibly authentic. Specifically, some SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences deposited in GenBank with collection time in 2023 and 2024, isolated from saliva, nasopharyngeal, sewage, and stool are identical to the reference genome of SARS-CoV-2 (NC_045512). The probability for such occurrence is effectively 0. I also compile SARS-CoV-2 genomes with changed sample collection time. One may led astray in bioinformatic analysis without being aware of errors in sequences and sequence annotation.
Study on Structure Damage Identification Methods
Authors: Qin Yuantian , Ma Jiahao
Published: August 2024

In order to solve the problem of structure damage location and degree identification, the weighted mean of vectors algorithm (INFO), a high-performance optimization one, was first introduced to identify structure damage. The genetic algorithm (GA) are improved to obtain a refined genetic algorithm (RGA). An objective function is constructed by combining the dynamic response transfer-ratio without modal analysis. INFO and RGA algorithms are used to optimize the objective function for damage identification. Though simulations, the INFO, RGA, GA algorithms were used to identify the damage on a simply supported beam and cantilevered plate with different levels of noise and different frequency spacing of pickup points. The simulations verify the effectiveness of the three damage identification methods, and the INFO algorithm has the highest damage identification accuracy, the RGA is second and the GA is the worst.
Raa-CRISPR/Cas12a-Mediated Rapid, Sensitive and On-Site Detection of Newcastle Disease in Pigeons
Authors: Liang Libin , Wang Dou , Gao Zhen , Tang Jiao , Li Xing , Ren Pengfei , Wang Ying , Gao Shimin , Wu Xingchen , Guo Yanna , Li Junping
Published: August 2024

Pigeon Newcastle disease, caused by pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1), is a significant infectious disease in pigeons that can result in substantial mortality and poses a severe threat to the pigeon industry. Rapid and accurate onsite diagnosis of pigeon disease is crucial for timely diagnosis and the implementation of effective prevention and control measures. In this study, we established a rapid detection method for PPMV-1 based on recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) and CRISPR/Cas12a. The RAA primers target the conserved regions of the L gene for preamplification in clinical nucleic acid samples, followed by CRISPR/Cas12a detection of the target gene. Visualization could be achieved by combination with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD). This method demonstrated high specificity, showing no cross-reactivity with non-PPMV-1 samples. The sensitivity of the method assessed by fluorescence analysis reached 100 copy/µL, and when it was combined with an LFD, the sensitivity was 103 copies/µL. The constructed RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-LFD visual detection method was applied to clinical sample testing and was found to enable rapid and accurate detection of swab samples and tissue specimens. Its sensitivity was consistent with the current gold standard, quantitative real-time PCR results. The RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-LFD detection method we developed provides a novel approach for the rapid, simple, precise, and specific onsite diagnosis of pigeon Newcastle disease.
Characterisation of Al-alloy EN AW-5454
Authors: Balant Matjaž , Vuherer Tomaž , Majerič Peter , Rudolf Rebeka
Published: August 2024

A complementary characterisation of the Al-alloy EN AW-5454 was carried out, intended for obtaining the laser hybrid welding parameters of sub-assemblies in the automotive industry. The investigation included a microstructural examination, and determination of the alloy's properties using several analytical methods (HV5 hardness measurement, tensile test, Charpy impact toughness, fracture mechanics analysis). Samples were prepared in the longitudinal and transverse directions of a cold-rolled sheet of EN AW-5454 with thicknesses of 3.5 mm and 4 mm. The measured hardness on the thinner sheet was 5% higher than on the thicker sheet. The tensile and yield strength were nominal, while the elongations were smaller by 2.2 - 3.2% for the longitudinal samples and by 2.7 - 13.7% for the transverse samples. The smaller deviations from the nominal values are for the thinner sheet metal. A precise topographical analysis showed brittle fractures of the samples. The Charpy impact toughness results on the thicker plate showed a 20% greater work needed to break it in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction. With the thinner sheet metal, 40% greater work was needed. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis has shown that the intermetallic Al6(Mn,Fe) particles in the longitudinal samples were mostly intact, with evidence of tough areas on the upper part of the fracture, indicating a better toughness than the specimens in the transverse direction. More crushed intermetallic particles were observed at the fractures of the transverse samples, and their distribution appeared to be more oriented in the direction of rolling. Fracture mechanics SENB (single edge notch bending) tests and their analysis showed that the resistance of the material to crack propagation in the longitudinal sample was about 50% greater than that in the transverse sample. SEM analysis of the fractures showed that the state of the intermetallic particles in the fracture mechanics testing, and the fracture mechanism differed from the one in the Charpy fractures.
Methotrexate and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Independently Decrease Neutralizing Antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Updated Results from the SUCCEED Study
Authors: Hitchon Carol A , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Boire Gilles , Fortin Paul R , Flamand Louis , Chandran Vinod , Dayam Roya M , Gingras Anne-Claude , Card Catherine M. , Colmegna Inés , Larché Maggie J. , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Lukusa Luck , Lee Jennifer LF , Bernatsky Sasha
Published: August 2024

Objective: SARS-CoV-2 remains the third most common cause of death in North America. We studied methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) effects on neutralization responses post-COVID vaccination, in immune-mediated inflammatory disease(IMID).
Methods: Prospective data and sera on adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and systemic lupus (SLE) were collected at 6 academic centres in Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec between 2022-2023. Sera from two time points were evaluated for each subject. Neutralization studies were divided between 5 laboratories, and each lab’s results analyzed separately using multivariate generalized logit models (ordinal outcomes: absent, low, medium, and high neutralization). Odds ratios (ORs) for methotrexate and TNFi effects were adjusted for demographics, IMID, other biologics and immunosuppressives, prednisone, COVID vaccinations (number/type), and infections in the 6 months prior to sample. Adjusted ORs for methotrexate and TNFi were then pooled in random-effects meta-analyses (separately for ancestral, and Omicron BA1 and BA5 strains).
Results: Of 479 individuals (958 samples), 292 (61%) were IBD, 141 (29.4%) RA, and the remainder PsA, SpA and SLE. Mean age was 57 (62.2 % female). For both individual labs and the meta-analyses, adjusted ORs suggested independent negative effects of TNFi and methotrexate on neutralization. The meta-analysis adjusted ORs for TNFi were 0.56 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.39, 0.81) for the ancestral strain and 0.56 (95% CI 0.39, 0.81) for BA5. The meta-analysis adjusted OR for methotrexate was 0.39 (95% CI 0.19, 0.76) for BA1.
Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 neutralization in vaccinated IMID was diminished independently by TNFi and methotrexate. As SARS-CoV-2 circulation continues, ongoing vigilance regarding optimized vaccination is required.
Evaluation of the Sustainable Utilization Capacity of Water Resources Based on Two Evaluation Methods in the Huangshui River of the Yellow River, China
Authors: Fan Lijuan , Ronglan Li , Ju Gao , Fen Zhao , Li Chunhui
Published: August 2024

The study on the sustainable utilization capacity of water resources is of great significance for the realization of sustainable water resources management and development in the water-scarce regions of Northwest China. It provides insights into the potential for sustainable utilization of these resources. To evaluate the sustainable utilization capacity of the Huangshui Basin, a comprehensive evaluation index system was constructed based on three aspects: climate factors, water resources systems, and socio-economic factors. The evaluation was conducted using two methods: the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and the ELECTRE III evaluation method. The results indicate that the Huangshui Basin's water resources, as a whole, exhibit a medium sustainable utilization capacity. Climatic factors and socio-economic characteristics are the main factors affecting the sustainable utilization of water resources in the Huangshui Basin. Based on the results, measures such as strengthening the introduction of external water resources, enhancing water resources management, and implementing comprehensive remediation efforts in the basin can improve the level of sustainable use of water resources. The research results can provide a reference for decision-making regarding the evaluation of sustainable utilization capacity of water resources in water-scarce areas and the optimization of water resources management in the Huangshui Basin.
Simulation of a Bio-Inspired Flocking-Based Aggregation Behaviour in Swarm Robotics
Authors: Rasouli Samira , Dautenhahn Kerstin , L. Nehaniv Chrystopher
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a biologically inspired flocking-based aggregation behaviour of a swarm of mobile robots. Aggregation behaviour is essential to many swarm systems, such as swarm robotics systems, in order to accomplish complex tasks that are impossible for a single agent. We developed a robot controller using Reynolds’ flocking rules to coordinate the movements of multiple e-puck robots during the aggregation process. To improve aggregation behaviour among these robots and address the scalability issues in current flocking-based aggregation approaches, we used a K-means algorithm to identify clusters of agents. Using the developed controller, we simulated the aggregation behaviour among the swarm of robots. Five experiments were conducted using Webots simulation software. The performance of the developed system was evaluated under a variety of environments and conditions, such as various obstacles, agent failure, different numbers of robots and arena sizes. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is robust and scalable. Moreover, we compared our proposed algorithm with another implementation of the flocking-based self-organizing aggregation behaviour based on Reynolds’ rules in a swarm of e-puck robots. Our algorithms outperformed this method in terms of cohesion performance and aggregation completion time.
Behavioral Coding of Captive African Elephants (Loxodonta africana): Utilizing DeepLabCut and Create ML for nocturnal activity tracking.
Authors: Lund Silje Marquardsen , Nielsen Jonas , Gammelgård Frej , Nielsen Maria Gytkjær , Jensen Trine Hammer , Pertoldi Cino
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the possibility of using machine learning models created in DeepLabCut and Create ML to automate aspects of behavioral coding and aid in behavioral analysis. Two models with different capabilities and complexities were constructed and compared to a manually observed control period. The accuracy of the models was assessed before being applied to 7 nights of footage of the nocturnal behavior of two African elephants (Loxodonta africana). The resulting data was used to draw conclusions regarding behavioral differences between the two elephants and between individually observed nights, thus proving that such models can aid researchers in be-havioral analysis. The models were capable of tracking simple behaviors with high accuracy, but had certain limitations regarding detection of complex behaviors, such as the stereotyped behavior sway, and displayed confusion when deciding between visually similar behaviors. Further expansion of such models may be desired to create a more capable aid with the possibility of automating behavioral coding.
Identification of Two Flavonoids as New and Safe Inhibitors of Kynurenine Aminotransferase II via Computational and In Vitro Study
Authors: Rebai Redouane , Jasmin Luc , Boudah Abdennacer
Published: August 2024

The inhibition of kynurenine aminotransferase II (KATII) is a target for treating several diseases with an excess of kynurenic acid (KYNA). KATII inhibitors exist, but they have adverse side effects, given their irreversible inhibition mechanism. This study aimed to discover potent and safe inhibitors of KATII by using computational and in vitro methods. We identified herbacetin and (-)-Epicatechin as reversible KATII inhibitors from a small library of natural compounds, whose Glide docking scores (-8.66 kcal mol-1 and-8.16 kcal mol-1, respectively) and MM/GBSA binding energies (-50.30 kcal mol-1 and -51.35 kcal mol-1, respectively), which are higher scores than the standard inhibitor, PF-04859989 (-7.12 kcal mol-1 and -38.41 kcal mol-1, respectively). The ADMET analysis showed that herbacetin and (-)-Epicatechin have suitable pharmacokinetic parameters, are moderately bioavailable, and have a safe toxicity profile. Their KATII inhibitory activity is in the range of IC50 values of 5.98± 0.18 µM and 8.76 ± 0.76 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the MTT assay for cell toxicity showed that the two compounds do not alter HepG2 cell viability at their required concentration for KATII inhibition. These results show that herbacetin and(-)-Epicatechin are suitable for KATII inhibition and appropriate candidates for further development of KATII inhibitors.
On the Ionisation Tolerance of C20 Fullerene in Ground and Excited Electronic States in Planetary Nebulae
Authors: Sadjadi SeyedAbdolreza , Parker Quentin Andrew
Published: August 2024

As the smallest member of the fullerene family, C20 is yet to be discovered in planetary nebulae. In this work, we present a quantum chemical study via density functional theory (DFT) on the ionization tolerance of this molecule in the space environment. Considering that the ionization and excitation phenomena play key roles in alerting the lifetime of a molecule, we examined both ground and excited electronic states potential energy surfaces (PES) of C20 and its cations C20q+. Our theoretical results indicate that the C20 cage tolerates a positive charge as high as 13+ via characterizing local minimum geometries on both mentioned electronic states. We also explored theoretically and systematically, scenarios in which the electronic structure of neutral C20 is excited to very high spin multiplicity (beyond triplet state) and local minimum molecular geometries with cage structure are well characterized. We anticipate that such structural resistance to excitation and ionization deliver a prolonged lifetime necessary for the spectroscopic detection of this interesting molecule and its cations in space and potentially in planetary nebulea (PN).
Strategic Advances in Combination Therapy for Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Current Insights and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kwon Whi-An , Song Yong Sang , Lee Min-Kyung
Published: August 2024

The contemporary treatment for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) has evolved significantly, building on successes in managing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone has long been the cornerstone of mCSPC treatment, combination therapies have emerged as the new standard of care based on recent advances, offering improved survival outcomes. Landmark phase 3 trials demonstrated that adding chemotherapy (docetaxel) and androgen receptor pathway inhibitors to ADT significantly enhances overall survival, particularly for patients with high-volume, high-risk, or de novo metastatic disease. Despite these advancements, a concerning gap between evidence-based guidelines and real-world practice remains, with many patients not receiving recommended combination therapies. The challenge in optimizing therapy sequences, considering both disease control and treatment burdens, and identifying clinical and biological subgroups that could benefit from personalized treatment strategies remains. The advent of triplet therapy has shown promise in extending survival, but the uro-oncology community must narrow the gap between evidence and practice to deliver the most effective care. Current research is focused on refining treatment approaches and utilizing biomarkers to guide therapy selection, aiming to offer more personalized and adaptive strategies for mCSPC management. Thus, aligning clinical practices with the evolving evidence is urgently needed to improve outcomes for patients facing this incurable disease.