bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of international standards in the field of ISO/TC 71 “Concrete, reinforced concrete, prestressed reinforced concrete”
Authors: Poletaev V. V. , Nikitin A. E.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. The article is based on the results of monitoring the regulatory framework of international standards in the field of ISO/TC 71 “Concrete, reinforced concrete, prestressed reinforced concrete”. Monitoring and analysis of newly developed and updated international standards is done to identify gaps in the domestic regulatory framework, to find duplicate or contradict regulatory documents, to establish relationships with regulatory documents related to adjacent areas, to monitor and analyze existing regulatory technical documents for the sufficiency of requirements in the field of the committee’s activities, to prepare proposals for the development of mandatory construction norms.

The aim is to analyze and compare the international and Russian regulatory and technical base for its timely updating and elimination of emerging duplications and contradictions, to increase the level of harmonization of Russian and international norms and standards in the field of construction of buildings and structures, from the point of view of introducing progressive domestic developments into the regulatory framework, to develop proposals for amendments to regulatory technical documents and development of new regulatory documents in this area.

Materials and methods. International ISO standards were selected as the material, and European and American standards were compared with their Russian counterparts for further analysis.

Results. The article provides selective monitoring, analysis and comparison of ISO standards and the Russian regulatory and technical framework for its timely updating and elimination of duplications and contradictions, increasing the level of harmonization of Russian and international norms and standards in the field of construction of buildings and structures ISO/TC 71 “Concrete, reinforced concrete, prestressed reinforced concrete”. Nine international ISO standards have been analyzed with a view to possible harmonization with Russian national standards.

Conclusions. Based on the results of monitoring:

1. 9 ISO/TC 71 standards “Concrete, reinforced concrete, prestressed reinforced concrete” are considered. The systematization of the current ISO standards related to the field of activity of ISO/TC 71 “Concrete, reinforced concrete, prestressed reinforced concrete” has been carried out.

2. The closest analogues of normative technical and methodological documents in the national standardization system for the analyzed ISO standards are identified and analyzed.

3. Proposals have been prepared for the development of new and updating previously approved codes of rules, building codes and regulations.
Wind loads tests of external walls blocks masonry of noncombustible polystyrene concrete
Authors: Rakhmanov V. A. , Melikhov V. I. , Safonov A. A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Blocks of non-combustible polystyrene concrete of D300 density grade, B1 compressive strength class with normalized thermal conductivity λ0 = 0,078 W/(m·°C) and frost resistance grade not lower than F75, developed by LLC “Institute VNIIZhelezobeton”, were used in masonry with a thickness of 375 mm without special fireproof lining. Such masonry successfully passed standard fire tests for fire hazard and fire resistance, which showed the possibility of its use in external non-bearing energysaving walls of multi-storey buildings (up to 25 floors inclusive, about 75 m high).

Aim. Evaluation of the strength and deformation characteristics of non-combustible wall masonry made of noncombustible polystyrene concrete blocks with a density of D300 at design wind loads at a height of about 75 m. Materials and methods. Fragments of uncoated wall masonry 375 mm thick, 2,7 m high and 1,2 m wide of noncombustible polystyrene concrete blocks mounted on a mortar with over-all dimensions of 295 × 375 × 595 mm were tested.

The test procedure is in accordance with State Standard 8829-2018.

Results. The destructive bending load exceeded the calculated one by an average of 4,1 times, while the deflection in the middle of the fragment was 1,9 times less than the permissible one.

A methodology has been developed for calculating the strength and deformability of masonry of polystyrene concrete blocks under wind loads, taking into account the influence of horizontal and vertical masonry joints, which is scheduled to be reflected in Amendment No. 1 SP 434.1325800.2018.

Conclusions. The results of wind load tests showed that for unlined masonry made of non-combustible polystyrene concrete blocks with a density of D300 and a thickness of 375 mm, the requirements for strength and deformability are met with a significant margin. The results of tests for wind and fire effects of the specified block masonry make it possible to use it in nonbearing external walls of multi-storey residential energyefficient buildings up to 75 m high in virtually all regions of Russia.
Machine Learning zur Überwachung von Schleifprozessen
Authors: Stoppel Dennis , Klemme Heinrich , Denkena Berend
Published: March 2024

Der Verschleiß von Schleifscheiben hat einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Qualität geschliffener Oberflächen. Bislang ist für dessen Überwachung jedoch eine zusätzliche Sensorik notwendig. Erläutert wird eine neue, alternative Möglichkeit zur Optimierung des Schleifprozesses.
Kabelbaummontage mit KI
Authors: Yaman Alper
Published: March 2024

Das Herzstück eines jeden Fahrzeugs, ob elektrisch oder konventionell, ist sein komplexes „Nervensystem“ – die Kabel und Kabelbäume. Das „RoboCable“-Projekt will nun die Montage einfacher gestalten und händische Arbeiten vermeiden.
Halk Sağlığı Usul ve Üslubu - Birinci Kitap - Kavram
Authors: Turaman Cem
Published: March 2024

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Educational projects as a form of popularization of the Russian language and Russian culture in the CIS countries
Authors: Ионова С.В. , Лешутина И.А.
Published: March 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме развития форм просветительской работы в сфере продвижения и популяризации русского языка и русской культуры в странах постсоветского пространства. Освещается круг вопросов, связанных с аспектами, видами и опытом проведения совместных просветительских мероприятий Государственного института русского языка им. А. С. Пушкина и национальных университетов, общественных, правительственных организаций стран СНГ. Рассматриваются признаки просветительской деятельности применительно к освещаемым проектным разработкам. Делается вывод о необходимости современного образования выступать в качестве инструмента «мягкой силы» на международной арене, более активно вовлекаться в процесс просветительской деятельности, осуществляемой вне рамок учебных программ, но имеющей не меньшее значение для интеллектуального, духовно-нравственного, творческого развития молодежи, расширения представлений о русском мире всех, кто оказывается в сфере просветительской деятельности.

The article is devoted to the problem of the development of forms of educational work in the field of promotion and popularization of the Russian language and Russian culture in the countries of the post-Soviet space. The article highlights a range of issues related to aspects, types and experience of joint educational events of the Pushkin State Institute of the Russian Language and national universities, public and governmental organizations of the CIS countries. The signs of educational activity in relation to the illuminated design developments are considered. The conclusion is made about the need for modern education to act as a tool of «soft power» in the international arena, to be more actively involved in the process of educational activities carried out within the framework of educational programs, but of no less importance for the intellectual, spiritual, moral, creative development of young people, expanding the understanding of the Russian world of all who find themselves in the field of educational activities.
Linguistic means of expressing the coherence of a scientific text in the practice of teaching RCT
Authors: Черкашина Т.Т. , Николенко Е.Ю.
Published: March 2024

Проблемы языковых средств выражения связности текста особого рода всегда интересовали науку прежде всего с точки зрения выявления закономерностей развития языковых феноменов и законов их функционирования. Именно специальный язык делает возможным создавать вторичные научные тексты, обеспечивая преемственность процесса познания. Научные тексты рассматриваются как строго структурированное речевое произведение. В статье анализируются языковые средства связности в качестве метатекстовых маркеров. Представлены виды лексико-грамматических заданий, формирующих у иностранных учащихся коммуникативную компетенцию по интерпретации первичных текстов и созданию вторичных научных произведений. Описан алгоритм схематизации действий студентов по извлечению смысла текста для его последующей компрессии.

The problems of linguistic means of expressing the coherence of a text of a special kind have always interested science, primarily from the point of view of identifying patterns of development of linguistic phenomena and the laws of their functioning. It is a special language that makes it possible to create secondary scientific texts, ensuring the continuity of the learning process.Scientific texts are considered as a strictly structured speech work. The article analyzes the linguistic means of connectivity as metatext markers. The types of lexical and grammatical tasks that form the communicative competence of foreign students in interpreting primary texts and creating secondary scientific works are presented. An algorithm for schematizing students' actions to extract the meaning of a text for its subsequent compression is described.
TEACHING RUSSIAN IN THE DIDITAL AGE – PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR TEACHERS
Authors: Рублева Е.В. , Лебедева М.Ю.
Published: March 2024

Статья посвящена анализу программ повышения квалификации, реализованных с 2018 по 2022 г. в Институте Пушкина, направленных на «адаптацию» преподавателей в цифровой среде. Пандемия ускорила переход к дистанционным и гибридным формам обучения на всех ступенях образования: от начального до высшего. Вопросы использования ИКТ, цифровых ресурсов, до этого бывшие на периферии педагогического зрения, встали остро и потребовали оперативного разрешения. Именно поэтому специалистами Института Пушкина был разработан комплекс программ, объединенных одной темой «Русский язык в цифровой среде», призванный снять сиюминутные вопросы практического применения «цифры» в обучении инофонов и дать методический задел на последующее их использование.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the implemented professional development programs at the Pushkin Institute from 2018 to 2022, aimed at «adapting» teachers in the digital environment. The pandemic has accelerated the transition to distance and hybrid forms of education at all levels of education: from primary to higher education. The issues of using Russian as a foreign language and digital resources, which had previously been on the periphery of pedagogical vision, became acute and required prompt resolution. That is why the specialists of the Pushkin Institute have developed a set of programs united by one theme «The Russian language in the digital environment», designed to remove momentary issues of practical application of «digit» in teaching foreign speakers and to provide a methodological foundation for their subsequent use.
Eye Disease Classification Based On Fundus Image Using Yolo V8 Algorithm
Authors: Muhlashin Muhammad Nur Ihsan , Stefanie Arnisa
Published: March 2024

Eye disease is a very serious problem because it affects one of the five human senses. In many cases many people ignore the impact of eye diseases in the early stages. In general, the process of examining eye diseases is carried out based on manual analysis by doctors (experts) on the fundus image of the patient's eye at a fairly expensive cost. To overcome this, the author proposes an eye disease classification system that can automatically detect eye diseases using YOLO V8. This system can be used for early detection of eye diseases to prevent the development of more serious eye diseases. From the test results of the model built, the accuracy value is 92%, precision is 91%, recall is 92%, F1-score is 91%. Overall, these results can be considered satisfactory and can be implemented for eye disease classification systems based on fundus images.
Exploración de la insostenible desigualdad chilena a través de una simple magnitud económica en primeras décadas del siglo XXI
Authors: Muñoz del Campo Lorena , Parra Vergara Igor
Published: March 2024

La insostenible desigualdad chilena parece estar relacionada con el estallido social observado en este país desde octubre de 2019 y el reciente cambio de escenario político. Más aún, este fenómeno social derivó recientemente en un acuerdo sociopolítico para cambiar la Constitución chilena, dictada por el general Pinochet en 1978. ¿Cómo explicar un hecho tan tectónico cuando la economía chilena parecía ser un ejemplo de éxito en América Latina, es decir, una especie de "oasis regional" como pocas semanas antes del estallido de octubre el Presidente Piñera citó con orgullo durante una conferencia de prensa internacional? En este trabajo, proponemos una nueva magnitud que nos permite cuantificar, y luego comparar, la dinámica económica chilena en su contexto regional y con algunas de las economías del "primer mundo económico", como las utilizadas por Piketty. A partir de este autor, tomamos variables clave y las combinamos en un modelo simple, que produjo profundas percepciones sobre la dinámica económica insostenible en Chile, pero también en otras democracias occidentales.
Desarrollo Socioemocional en la Educación Primaria: Un Enfoque en la Escuela Pública
Authors: Mora Rios Luis Angel , Carrillo López Perla Lucero
Published: March 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación, se realizó con el objetivo de identificar los factores socioemocional presentes en el estudiantado de educación básica, nivel primaria, que pueden afectar el rendimiento escolar, implementando un estudio con un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, en el que se aplicó un instrumento diseñado para la identificación del desarrollo socioemocional de estudiantes de educación básica, a una muestra de 20 sujetos; al instrumento se le aplico la prueba de fiabilidad con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, comprobando con esto que los resueltos obtenidos son confiables. Para el análisis de los resultados se vieron los indicadores de las dos categorías, las cuales fueron: nivel de asertividad al manifestar emociones y nivel de asertividad para manifestar ideas. Los resultados obtenidos nos revelan que las emociones presentes en el estudiantado son: miedo, ira, tristeza y las dificultades para expresar de forma oral o escrita el pensamiento de niños y niñas de una escuela de educación básica en Compostela, Nayarit, estos resultados ponen en evidencia las dificultades del estudiantado para afrontar sus emociones, relacionadas con dos ámbitos, la expresión de las emociones positivas y la expresión de emociones negativas, por lo que es de suma importancia que se busque canalizar y enfocar los sentimiento y emociones de manera asertiva. Las emociones juegan un papel fundamental en el desarrollo habilidades relacionadas con la expresión y manifestación de ideas, se sabe que la inseguridad, es un factor que inhiben la comunicación. Lo mencionado anteriormente nos conduce a problemas en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y deficiencias en el aprovechamiento escolar.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF DSN-MUI FATWA NO. 83 OF 2023 ON PEOPLE'S CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN PADANG CITY
Authors: IIlham Supriadi  , Rahma Dani
Published: March 2024

About how the effects of the release of Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 83 in 2023 to the people of the plains city that occurred in the field of response of the people prefer to follow the rules and the people also changed consumption patterns from those who intially used common produtcs to switch equipment to other such research and natural observastion. From the data already collected on how fatwa rules have been released one people’s consumption patterns it has been evident that some of the data gathered there are 97 of the 100 people from the country’s population that are gathered in that people agree that people support and they change their consumption patterns by switching to other inexpensive and accessible products but not impossible. There are only a number of responses and societies disapprove of the fatwa because it is not given a description of alternatif solutions or pathways to replace products or brand that are used in everyday public consumption.
MEANINGFUL PARTICIPATION AS A GUARANTEE OF CITIZENS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS IN THE FORMATION OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS
Authors: Elviandri  , Muhammad Taufiq  , Norrafika Safitri
Published: March 2024

The application of the principles and doctrine of meaningful participation is currently considered not to meet the needs of society. This is indicated by the dissatisfaction of several parties who are trying to submit a Judicial Review through a judicial review. The purpose of this article is to find out the application of the principles and concepts of Legislative Formation and meaningful participation in the Formation of Legislation. This research uses a normative juridical research type, with three approaches used, a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a case approach. The results of this research show that the formation of good laws and regulations must fulfill concepts that are in accordance with the concept of the Pancasila rule of law. The principle of openness is the basis for ensuring legal protection for all levels of society, as well as the community having the opportunity to contribute to the formation of legal regulations. In essence, community participation (meaningful participation) can be understood as input or suggestions for the formation of laws.
Complex orthodontic treatment of a patient with hypothyroidism: a clinical case
Authors: Цветкова М.А. , Воробьева Е.И. , Коваленко А.Ю.
Published: March 2024

Гипотиреоз — это одно из самых распространенных заболеваний эндокринной системы. В популяции частота его субклинической формы достигает 17%. Патологическая функция щитовидной железы оказывает влияние в том числе и на минеральный обмен. К стоматологическим проявлениям гипотиреоза можно отнести заболевания пародонта, кариозные и некариозные дефекты твердых тканей зубов. Частыми осложнениями ортодонтического лечения являются кариес, рецессии десны, резорбция корней, вероятность развития которых увеличивается у пациентов с эндокринной патологией. Среди 493 пациентов (от 5 до 53 лет), обратившихся к врачу-ортодонту, о наличии гипотиреоза сообщили 30 (6,1%) человек. На клиническом примере продемонстрирован индивидуализированный план комплексного ортодонтического лечения в сочетании с компакт-остеотомией пациента с гипотиреозом с учетом аномалии окклюзии и пародонтологического статуса.

Hypothyroidism is one of the most common diseases of the endocrine system. In the population, the frequency of its subclinical form reaches 17%. Pathologic thyroid function affects mineral metabolism, among other things. Dental manifestations of hypothyroidism include periodontal diseases, carious and non-carious defects of hard tissues of teeth. Frequent complications of orthodontic treatment are caries, gingival recession, root resorption, the probability of development of which increases in patients with endocrine pathology. Among 493 patients (5 to 53 years old) who consulted an orthodontist, the presence of hypothyroidism was reported by 30 (6.1%) individuals. An individualized plan of complex orthodontic treatment in combination with compact osteotomy of a patient with hypothyroidism, taking into account the occlusal anomaly and periodontal status, was demonstrated on a clinical example.
Adaptation of Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to Different Temperature Variants By IJISRT
Authors: Dasgupta Proteek , Usha Anandhi Duraiswamy
Published: March 2024

The present study elucidates thermal limits of a commercially important ornamental fish Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), in a domesticated subsystem. The study aimed to understand the sub-lethal temperatures which Koi carp can tolerate. The lower (CTMIN) and upper (CTMAX) critical thermal limit was recorded at 15°C and 35°C respectively. Qualitative assessments majorly revealed aberrant swimming patterns at the higher slab. Contrarily, lower thermal slab was marked by laziness and mucous secretion. Thermal stress affects almost all biological indices and therefore, fish must be maintained in an appropriate temperature. The importance of the present study becomes even more relevant in the context of domestic conditions since the fish is largely used for ornamental purposes.
The Regulation of the Solar Wind Electron Heat Flux by Wave–Particle Interactions
Authors: Coburn Jesse T. , Verscharen Daniel , Owen Christopher J. , Maksimovic Milan , Horbury Timothy S. , Chen Christopher H. K. , Guo Fan , Fu Xiangrong , Liu Jingting , Abraham Joel B. , Nicolaou Georgios , Innocenti Maria Elena , Micera Alfredo , Jagarlamudi Vamsee Krishna
Published: March 2024

The solar wind electrons carry a significant heat flux into the heliosphere. The weakly collisional state of the solar wind implicates collisionless processes as the primary factor that constrains nonthermal features of the velocity distribution function (VDF), including the heat flux. Previous observational work suggests that the electron VDF sometimes becomes unstable to the whistler wave, but reliance on model VDFs (e.g., drifting bi-Maxwellians) has proven insufficient for an exact description of the behavior of the solar wind electrons—in particular, the regulation of the heat flux. The characterization of these processes requires methods to obtain fine details of the VDF and quantification of the impact of kinetic processes on the VDF. We employ measurements of the electron VDF by Solar Orbiter’s Solar Wind Analyser and of the magnetic field by the Radio and Plasma Waves instrument to study an unstable solar wind electron configuration. Through a Hermite–Laguerre expansion of the VDF, we implement a low-pass filter in velocity space to remove velocity space noise and obtain a VDF suitable for analysis. With our method, we directly measure the instability growth rate and the rate of change of the electron heat flux through wave–particle interactions.
Cosmic-Ray Acceleration of Galactic Outflows in Multiphase Gas
Authors: Armillotta Lucia , Ostriker Eve C. , Kim Chang-Goo , Jiang 姜 Yan-Fei 燕飞
Published: March 2024

We investigate the dynamical interaction between cosmic rays (CRs) and the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) using numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations with a two-moment CR solver and TIGRESS simulations of star-forming galactic disks. We previously studied the transport of CRs within TIGRESS outputs using a “postprocessing” approach, and we now assess the effects of the MHD backreaction to CR pressure. We confirm our previous conclusion that there are three quite different regimes of CR transport in multiphase ISM gas, while also finding that simulations with “live MHD” predict a smoother CR pressure distribution. The CR pressure near the midplane is comparable to other pressure components in the gas, but the scale height of CRs is far larger. Next, with a goal of understanding the role of CRs in driving galactic outflows, we conduct a set of controlled simulations of the extraplanar region above z = 500 pc, with imposed boundary conditions flowing from the midplane into this region. We explore a range of thermal and kinematic properties for the injected thermal gas, encompassing both hot, fast-moving outflows, and cooler, slower-moving outflows. The boundary conditions for CR energy density and flux are scaled from the supernova rate in the underlying TIGRESS model. Our simulations reveal that CRs efficiently accelerate extraplanar material if the latter is mostly warm/warm-hot gas, in which CRs stream at the Alfvén speed, and the effective sound speed increases as density decreases. In contrast, CRs have very little effect on fast, hot outflows where the Alfvén speed is small, even when the injected CR momentum flux exceeds the injected MHD momentum flux.
Recognizing Blazars Using Radio Morphology from the VLA Sky Survey
Authors: Xie 谢 Zhang-Liang 彰亮 , Bañados Eduardo , Belladitta Silvia , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Schindler Jan-Torge , Davies Frederick , Venemans Bram P.
Published: March 2024

Blazars are radio-loud active galactic nuclei whose jets have a very small angle to our line of sight. Observationally, the radio emissions are mostly compact or compact-core with a one-sided jet. With 2.″5 resolution at 3 GHz, the Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS) enables us to resolve the structure of some blazar candidates in the sky north of decl. −40°. We introduce an algorithm to classify radio sources as either blazar-like or non-blazar-like based on their morphology in the VLASS images. We apply our algorithm to three existing catalogs, including one of the known blazars (Roma-BzCAT) and two blazar candidates identified by Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer colors and radio emission (WIBRaLS, KDEBLLACS). We show that in all three catalogs, there are objects with morphologies inconsistent with being blazars. Considering all the catalogs, more than 12% of the candidates are unlikely to be blazars, based on this analysis. Notably, we show that 3% of the Roma-BzCAT confirmed blazars could be a misclassification based on their VLASS morphology. The resulting table with all sources and their radio morphological classification is available online.
Composition of Giants 1° North of the Galactic Center: Detailed Abundance Trends for 21 Elements Observed with IGRINS
Authors: Nandakumar Govind , Ryde Nils , Mace Gregory , Kaplan Kyle F. , Nieuwmunster Niels , Jaffe Daniel , Rich R. Michael , Schultheis Mathias , Agertz Oscar , Andersson Eric , Sneden Christopher , Strickland Emily , Thorsbro Brian
Published: March 2024

We report the first high-resolution, detailed abundances of 21 elements for giants in the Galactic bulge/bar within 1° of the Galactic plane, where high extinction has rendered such studies challenging. Our high-signal-to-noise-ratio and high-resolution, near-infrared spectra of seven M giants in the inner bulge, located at (l, b) = (0°, +1°), are observed using the IGRINS spectrograph. We report the first multichemical study of the inner Galactic bulge by investigating, relative to a robust new solar neighborhood sample, the abundance trends of 21 elements, including the relatively difficult to study heavy elements. The elements studied are: F, Mg, Si, S, Ca, Na, Al, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Ce, Nd, and Yb. We investigate bulge membership of all seven stars using distances and orbital simulations, and we find that the most metal-poor star may be a halo interloper. Our investigation also shows that the inner bulge as close as 1° north of the Galactic Center displays a similarity to the inner disk sequence, following the high-[α/Fe] envelope of the solar vicinity metal-rich population, though no firm conclusions for a different enrichment history are evident from this sample. We find a small fraction of metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] > −0.5), but most of our stars are mainly of supersolar metallicity. Fluorine is found to be enhanced at high metallicity compared to the solar neighborhood, but confirmation with a larger sample is required. We will apply this approach to explore the populations of the nuclear stellar disk and the nuclear star cluster.
Exploring the Gas-phase Metallicity Gradients of Star-forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
Authors: Cheng Yingjie , Giavalisco Mauro , Simons Raymond C. , Ji Zhiyuan , Stroupe Darren , Cleri Nikko J.
Published: March 2024

We explore the relationships between the [O/H] gas-phase metallicity radial gradients and multiple galaxy properties for 238 star-forming galaxies at 0.6 < z < 2.6 selected from the CANDELS Lyα Emission at Reionization survey with stellar mass

8.5
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M

*

/

M

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10.5

. The gradients cover the range from −0.11 to 0.22 dex kpc−1, with the median value close to 0. We reconstruct the nonparametric star formation histories (SFHs) of the galaxies with spectral energy distribution modeling using Prospector with more than 40 photometric bands from the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer, and ground-based facilities. In general, we find weak or no correlations between the metallicity gradients and most galaxy properties, including the mass-weighted age, recent star formation rate, dust attenuation, and morphology as quantified by both parametric and nonparametric diagnostics. We find a significant but moderate correlation between the gradients and the “evolutionary time,” a temporal metric that characterizes the evolutionary status of a galaxy, with flatter gradients observed in more evolved galaxies. Also, there is evidence that galaxies with multiple star formation episodes in their SFHs tend to develop more negative gas-phase metallicity gradients (higher [O/H] at the center). We conclude that gas kinematics, e.g., radial inflows and outflows, is likely an important process in setting the gas-phase metallicity gradients, in addition to the evolution of the SFH radial profile. Since the gradients are largely independent of the galaxies’ physical properties and only weakly dependent on their SFH, it would appear that the timescale of the gas kinematics is significantly shorter than the evolution of star formation.
First Determination in the Extended Corona of the 2D Thermal Evolution of a Current Sheet after a Solar Eruption
Authors: Bemporad Alessandro , Shi Guanglu , Li Shuting , Ying Beili , Feng Li , Lin Jun , Abbo Lucia , Andretta Vincenzo , Burtovoi Aleksandr , Da Deppo Vania , De Leo Yara , Fineschi Silvano , Frassati Federica , Giordano Silvio , Grimani Catia , Jerse Giovanna , Landini Federico , Mancuso Salvatore , Naletto Giampiero , Nicolini Gianalfredo , Pancrazzi Maurizio , Romoli Marco , Russano Giuliana , Sasso Clementina , Spadaro Daniele , Stangalini Marco , Susino Roberto , Teriaca Luca , Uslenghi Michela
Published: March 2024

For the first time the evolution of the coronal reconfiguration after a coronal mass ejection (CME) was observed by the multichannel Metis Coronagraph on board the ESA–Solar Orbiter mission. The images acquired in visible light (VL) between 3.0 and 5.4 R
⊙ show the formation after a CME of a bright elongated radial feature interpreted as a post-CME current sheet (CS). The unique combination of VL and UV images allowed the time evolution of multiple plasma physical parameters inside and outside the CS region to be mapped in 2D for the first time. The CS electron temperature reached peak values higher than 1 MK, more than twice as high as the surrounding corona. An elongated vertical diffusion region, characterized as a region of much higher thermal pressure and lower magnetic pressure, is observed to slowly propagate outward during 13 hr of observations. Inside this region the Alfvénic Mach number is of the order of M
A ≃ 0.02–0.11, the plasma β is close to unity, and the level of turbulence is higher than in the surrounding corona, but decreases slowly with time. All these results provide one of the most complete pictures of these features, and support the idea of a magnetic reconnection coupled with turbulence, thus allowing significant heating of the local plasma, despite the weakness of involved coronal magnetic fields in the considered altitude range.
Explosions in Roche-lobe Distorted Stars: Relativistic Bullets in Binaries
Authors: DuPont Marcus , MacFadyen Andrew , de Mink Selma E.
Published: March 2024

State-of-the-art surveys reveal that most massive stars in the Universe evolve in close binaries. Massive stars in such systems are expected to develop aspherical envelopes due to tidal interactions and/or rotational effects. Recently, it was shown that point explosions in oblate stars can produce relativistic equatorial ring-like outflows. Moreover, since stripped-envelope stars in binaries can expand enough to fill their Roche lobes anew, it is likely that these stars die with a greater degree of asphericity than the oblate spheroid geometry previously studied. We investigate the effects of this asymmetry by studying the gas dynamics of axisymmetric point explosions in stars in various stages of filling their Roche lobes. We find that point explosions in these pear-shaped stars produce transrelativistic ejecta that coalesce into bullets pointed both toward and away from the binary companion. We present this result and comment on key morphological differences between core-collapse explosions in spherical versus distorted stars in binary systems, effects on gravitational wave sources, and observational signatures that could be used to glean these explosion geometries from current and future surveys.
On the Comprehensive 3D Modeling of the Radiation Environment of Proxima Centauri b: A New Constraint on Habitability?
Authors: Engelbrecht N. Eugene , Herbst Konstantin , Strauss R. Du Toit , Scherer Klaus , Light Juandre , Moloto K. D.
Published: March 2024

The combined influence of stellar energetic particles and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on the radiation environment, and hence potential habitability, of Earth-like exoplanets is relatively unknown. The present study, for the first time, comprehensively models the transport of these particles in a physics-first manner, using a unique suite of numerical models applied to the astrosphere of Proxima Centauri. The astrospheric plasma environment is modeled magnetohydrodynamically, while particle transport is modeled using a 3D ab initio GCR modulation code, as opposed to previous 1D approaches to this problem. StEP intensities are also calculated using observed stellar event profiles for Proxima Centauri as inputs. Computed intensities are then used to calculate possible atmospheric ionization effects and dose rates. We demonstrate that the contribution of GCRs to these quantities is indeed significant, contrary to the conclusions of previous studies. Furthermore, we propose a novel potential constraint on exoplanetary habitability, namely the rotational period of the host star, based on the unique 3D modeling approach presented here.
A new osmiine bee with a spectacular geographic disjunction: Hoplitis (Hoplitis) onosmaevae sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Anthophila, Megachilidae)
Authors: Aubert Matthieu , Müller Andreas , Praz Christophe
Published: March 2024

A new osmiine bee species, Hoplitis (Hoplitis) onosmaevaesp. nov. (Megachilidae), is described. So far, this species is exclusively known from the Mercantour National Park in the southwestern French Alps and from mountainous ranges in Turkey and northern Iraq, two areas separated by at least 2000 km. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes revealed that H. onosmaevae is closely related to H. adunca (Panzer, 1798), H. benoisti (Alfken, 1935) and H. manicata (Morice, 1901). Hoplitis onosmaevae is presumably narrowly oligolectic and harvests pollen only on flowers of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae). It has a particularly long proboscis, which is probably an adaptation to collect nectar from the long-tubed flowers of this plant genus. The females collect pollen by buzzing the Onosma flowers, a rare behavior in megachilid bees. The species nests in insect burrows in dead wood, similar to H. adunca and H. manicata but unlike other closely related representatives of the subgenus Hoplitis, suggesting a single origin of nesting in dead wood and hollow stems in this lineage. In France, H. onosmaevae inhabits alpine steppe-like habitats close to forests and appears to be extremely local, since only two populations are currently known. The conservation status of this extremely rare bee species in Europe is discussed.
William Caxton, Colard Mansion, and the Printer in Type 1
Authors: Hellinga Lotte
Published: March 2024

William Caxton publia les plus anciens livres imprimés en anglais et en français qui peuvent être datés entre 1473 et 1475. Il n’y a pas d’indication de lieu d’impression, mais selon ses propres assertions, il apparaît comme certain qu’ils furent réalisés alors qu’il résidait encore en Flandre et avant qu’il n’établisse son imprimerie à Westminster en 1476. Caxton n’était pas lui-même compositeur ou pressier, et on ne peut que faire des suppositions sur le nom de son associé dans cette entreprise. Selon une tradition bibliographique remontant à la biographie écrite par William Blades (1861-1863), il était acquis que ces livres avaient été publiés à Bruges, en association avec Colard Mansion. Cet article analyse les éléments sur lesquels repose cette hypothèse et s’attache à montrer qu’elle est loin d’être évidente. Le mécénat de Margaret d’York et la présence de Caxton à sa cour qui résidait principalement à Gand, conduit plutôt à penser que Caxton a pu s’associer avec des artistes travaillant pour elle, principalement le copiste David Aubert, qui réalisa, à cette époque, un nombre considérable de manuscrits de premier plan. Il est frappant de constater que les premiers caractères de Caxton (Type 1) ressemblent étroitement à l’écriture de David Aubert. Cette étude suggère que les livres imprimés avec ces caractères (Type 1) – les deux livres en anglais et les trois en français – furent imprimés dans un atelier situé à Gand, dirigé par Aubert en association avec Caxton, avant et peut-être en partie parallèlement à son travail sur les manuscrits destinés à Margaret d’York. Avant de quitter la Flandre, Caxton commanda une seconde série de caractères (Type 2), dans un style assez différent. Avec ces caractères, Caxton fit imprimer deux livres (un Cordiale en français et un livre d’heures), probablement à Bruges et par Colard Mansion comme le prouve, dans le Cordiale , le recours à l’impression en rouge, qui se retrouve dans les travaux ultérieurs de Mansion.
Authors want to read proofs! From Erasmus to Schopenhauer
Authors: Janssen Frans A. , Leistra Nynke
Published: March 2024

Si un auteur vit loin de l’atelier d’imprimerie où est imprimée son œuvre, il y a des obstacles techniques et économiques qui rendent difficile la correction des épreuves. Cependant il y a diverses possibilités pour un auteur de superviser totalement, ou partiellement, la composition et l’impression. 1. L’auteur pouvait recevoir des bonnes feuilles mais les fautes pouvaient seulement être corrigées par le biais d’errata ou de cartons (cancels). 2. L’auteur pouvait choisir une imprimerie dans la ville où il résidait. 3. L’auteur pouvait demander à un collègue ou à un ami demeurant dans la ville où se trouvait l’imprimerie de prendre soin de la correction des épreuves (par ex. Copernic). 4. L’auteur pouvait se déplacer dans la ville où se trouvait son imprimeur et y séjourner pendant toute la durée de la composition et de l’impression (par ex. Vesale). 5. L’auteur pouvait recevoir les épreuves par la poste ou par courrier (par ex. Rousseau).
“Un martyr de la bibliographie” (Joseph-Marie Quérard) par un bibliographe fou
Authors: Stoddard Roger E.
Published: March 2024

Joseph Quérard fut un bibliographe prolifique, d’une grande rigueur, plein de bonnes idées et apte à les mettre en œuvre, mais il était handicapé par une personnalité acariâtre ; il était difficile, voire impossible de travailler avec lui. En 1822, Quérard, qui était jeune et inexpérimenté, entreprit, tout en travaillant pour la librairie viennoise de Philip-Josef Schalbacher, une bibliographie nationale de la France à partir de 1700. La France littéraire fut imprimée et publiée par Firmin-Didot, en dix volumes, de 1827 à 1842. Elle a toujours connu un grand succès. Avant cette publication, Quérard déploya une grande activité ; il tenta de lancer sans succès des journaux sur le commerce des livres et il commença ses grands travaux bibliographiques aves les frères Daguin qui l’en exclurent ; il en conçut une grande rancune. En 1845, la publication de son livre, Les Auteurs déguisés , le plaça au cœur de cette spécialité pour laquelle il est universellement connu. En 1848, fut publié le premier des cinq volumes de l’une des plus importantes œuvres d’érudition du dix-neuvième siècle, Les Supercheries littéraires dévoilées , achevées en 1860. À cette époque, on publia davantage de journaux sur le commerce du livre, mais aussi les volumes onze et douze de La France littéraire et de nombreux autres. En 1837, Quérard commença, avec une bibliographie de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, la publication de tirés à part de ses traités généraux ; il continua cette pratique jusqu’à sa mort. On peut citer ici son meilleur journal, le Quérard (1855). En 1865, il fut décoré de la Légion d’honneur au grade de Chevalier. Il mourut du choléra quelques mois plus tard, alors qu’il corrigeait les épreuves d’une nouvelle édition des Supercheries littéraires dévoilées. Cela ne fut connu qu’après l’achat par Gustave Brunet de Bordeaux des documents contenus dans le cabinet de Quérard. G. Brunet constitua une équipe qui publia des éditions révisées regroupant les Anonymes de Quérard et de Barbier. On vit aussi paraître des éditions des Livres perdus et des Livres à clef de Quérard. L’œuvre imprimée de Quérard est un imbroglio d’éditions à l’essai ou diffusées par souscriptions, ce dont témoignent les multiples cartons repérés dans les différents exemplaires. L’auteur a essayé de clarifier la situation par une analyse bibliographique et en utilisant la Bibliographie de la France.
Brazilian Culture in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Giannetti Eduardo
Published: March 2024

Chaque culture incarne un idéal de bonheur et de plénitude. Y a-t-il une utopie ou un rêve collectif qui nourrissent l’âme du peuple brésilien ? Quelle pourrait être la contribution du Brésil au monde actuel s’il était capable de dépasser ses problèmes sociaux et son sous-développement économique ? Cet essai tente d’esquisser les caractéristiques de l’identité culturelle propre au Brésil ; il montre toutes les possibilités qu’a ce pays pour se libérer des contraintes du présent et réaliser le « rêve brésilien ». Le thème central développé par l’auteur est que, si le Brésil apprend beaucoup du monde occidental et s’en approprie avec profit les acquis, il ne doit pas en rester là. Notre capacité incomparable à assimiler et à synthétiser les diverses traditions ethniques et culturelles – européennes, africaines et amérindiennes –, nous permet de rêver d’une nation capable d’améliorer la vie des citoyens sans pour autant abandonner la chaleur humaine et la joie de vivre.
Le biblioteche degli Ordini regolari in Italia alla fine del XVI secolo
Authors: Granata Giovanna
Published: March 2024

Les codices Vat. lat. 11266-11326 de la Bibliothèque apostolique vaticane représentent une source documentaire d’un intérêt considérable pour les historiens du livre et des bibliothèques. Ils contiennent un nombre extraordinairement élevé de listes des livres estimé entre 7500 et 9500 unités : ce sont les inventaires envoyés à la Congrégation de l’Index par 31 ordres réguliers italiens entre 1599 et 1603, lors des actions de censure entamées après la promulgation de l’ Index librorum prohibitorum par Clément VIII en 1596. En fait il ne s’agit pas seulement des livres interdits ou suspects, mais de tous ceux qui étaient conservés dans les bibliothèques communes des couvents et des monastères ou qui étaient à usage personnel des religieux. Cependant l’importance de la documentation dépasse le simple aspect quantitatif : cette quantité surprenante de données a aussi une valeur qualitative très élevée, en raison de la grande crédibilité bibliographique des listes, établies selon des règles précises et détaillées. Pour utiliser le potentiel informatif de la documentation, les centaines de milliers de citations qui composent les listes ont été indexées dans la banque de données Le biblioteche degli Ordini regolari in Italia alla fine del secolo XVI ( http://rici.vatlib.it ) et ont été rapportées à leurs éditions respectives, après avoir identifié, ou non, leurs données dans les répertoires bibliographiques. La réalisation de cette banque de données, qui est déjà arrivée à un stade avancé, permet de disposer d’un nombre significatif d’informations pour une analyse de principe de la documentation, susceptible d’enrichir notre connaissance du premier siècle et demi de l’histoire de l’édition.
Another book for Louise de Savoie from Anthoine Vérard: Le Repos de consolacion , 1505
Authors: Beth Winn Mary
Published: March 2024

Le libraire parisien Antoine Vérard fut parmi les plus assidus des écrivains, artistes et artisans qui dédièrent leurs œuvres et rendirent hommage à Louise de Savoie, mère de François I er . De 1505 jusqu’à sa mort vers 1512, Vérard offrit à sa mécène une série de livres sur vélin, imprimés et manuscrits, enluminés par des artistes renommés de l’époque. La plupart de ces livres, hérités par le fils de Madame, sont entrés dans la collection royale et se trouvent actuellement à la Bibliothèque nationale de France. La découverte à la bibliothèque municipale de Versailles d’un autre livre pour Louise est donc particulièrement surprenante. Il s’agit d’un petit livre in-4 o de 48 feuillets, publié en 1505 et intitulé Le Repos de consolacion . Imprimé sur vélin et enluminé, il porte au verso de la page de titre la miniature qui caractérise presque tous les imprimés que Vérard destina à Louise de Savoie : la mère en robe gris-pourpre et coiffe noire de veuve avec son jeune fils en robe d’or et chausses rouges. Le Maître de Philippe de Gueldre les représente ici face aux figures du Christ et de Pilate, un Ecce Homo qui correspond au texte, car le Repos de consolacion n’est autre que la traduction française des Meditationes de passione Christi par Jordan de Quedlinburg, moine augustinien du xvi e siècle. Jusqu’ici, l’édition de Vérard, dont le colophon fournit cette date précise du 19 décembre 1505, ne fut connue que par un seul autre exemplaire, imprimé sur papier et illustré par quatorze gravures sur bois de tailles et d’origines diverses, qui se trouve actuellement à la Réserve des livres rares de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. S’il reste encore à élucider son trajet entre 1505 et 1888, date de son entrée à la bibliothèque de Versailles, la découverte de ce « nouvel » exemplaire sur vélin apporte un autre titre aux ouvrages que Vérard prépara pour sa mécène et illumine davantage le goût bibliophilique de Louise de Savoie.
Portolan Charts and the “Art of Navigation”
Authors: Astengo Corradino
Published: March 2024

À partir du x e siècle, et tout au long des deux siècles suivants, le trafic maritime méditerranéen s’est fortement accru, notamment dans le sillage des croisades, au xii e siècle. Dans ce milieu rendu fertile par des contacts et des échanges, de nouveaux instruments de navigation furent introduits : la boussole et le portulan, qui existaient déjà, connurent des perfectionnements ; mais aussi la carte nautique qui constituait une nouveauté absolue. Un très petit nombre de ces cartes a survécu à l’usage et aux conditions d’exposition à l’humidité et à l’air marin. Il s’agit surtout d’exemplaires richement décorés qui n’étaient pas destinés à la navigation mais plutôt à rejoindre les bibliothèques des grands de l’époque. En l’absence de textes techniques, l’utilisation de ces cartes en mer a pu faire l’objet de controverses. Un premier exposé des techniques de leur utilisation a été donné par Benedetto Cotrugli dans son traité Della Navigatione , écrit en 1464, près de deux siècles après le début de la diffusion de ces cartes en Méditerranée. En 1664, le traité de Francesco Maria Levanto, Specchio del mare Mediterraneo , récapitule les connaissances techniques de systèmes désormais dépassés. L’œuvre de Levanto, dernier cartographe traditionnel actif à Gênes, marque le déclin d’un art et d’une pratique longs de quatre siècles.