bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Biology: A Game Changer?
Authors: Race Paul
Published: May 2023

Synthetic biology is an emerging scientific discipline that seeks to apply the principles and practices of engineering to the purposeful manipulation of biology. By exploiting cutting-edge experimental methods, synthetic biologists are able to treat living matter as a programmable material, an approach that has the potential to deliver new drugs, diagnostics and impactful medical treatments. In this chapter I outline the basic premise of synthetic biology, providing a historical context for the field. I summarise how this approach is revolutionising healthcare, by affording access to life-saving medical treatments in high quantity and at low cost. Finally, I dare to dream as to where this burgeoning field may take us, highlighting how what was once believed to be the stuff of science fiction is rapidly becoming the stuff of synthetic biology fact.
Bonding in Organic Molecules and Condensed Phases. The Role of Repulsions
Authors: Gavezzotti A.
Published: May 2023

The role of repulsive forces in determining molecular conformation and in the interpretation of crystal packing is analyzed by theoretical methods, including ab initio energy calculations, atom–atom potentials and Monte Carlo methods, and above all, PIXEL energy calculations which explicitly account for the subdivision of total intermolecular energies into various contributions. Classes of molecular systems are analyzed and repulsion terms are shown to correlate broadly with chemical constitution. Intermolecular contacts or molecular arrangements that are often thought to be attractive, or stabilizing, and even structure-determining on the basis of qualitative inspection, when analyzed by quantitative energetic calculations appear to involve repulsive interactions. A study of the response of crystal structures to external pressure, using pressure-dependent X-ray diffraction studies extracted from crystallographic databases, gives an estimate of bulk moduli and compressibility, also broadly related to the steepness of the repulsion wall in crystals of different classes of compounds. Finally, the frequencies of hydrogen bond formation over a very large database of crystal structures of multi-functional organic compounds shows that this bond, whose formation is usually thought to be universal and highly predictable, is useful in crystal engineering exercises over classes of compounds with pre-designed attachment points, but is not always a reliable predictor of intermolecular structuring in crystals of complex organic molecules when competition between several bonding modes arises.
Intermolecular Interactions in Crystals
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S. , Clark Timothy
Published: May 2023

The Hellmann–Feynman theorem shows rigorously that noncovalent intermolecular interactions, as in complexes, liquids and molecular crystals, are purely Coulombic in nature. The term Coulombic must be understood to encompass polarization, which includes electronic correlation and dispersion. Other factors that are frequently invoked – such as exchange, Pauli repulsion, orbital interaction and charge transfer – are related to mathematical modeling, not physical reality. Electrostatic potentials computed on molecular “surfaces” can provide considerable insight into intermolecular interactions, but it must be kept in mind that they typically refer to the isolated molecules prior to interaction and hence do not take account of polarization. σ-Hole intermolecular interactions of covalently-bonded hydrogens as well as Group IV–VII atoms are discussed in some detail, as are π-hole interactions.
The Nature of the Hydrogen Bond, from a Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Scheiner Steve
Published: May 2023

The original concept of the H-bond has undergone a good deal of generalization over the years to include a wide range of proton donor atoms and electron-donor sources. The means by which theoreticians study and understand the fundamental aspects of H-bonds are discussed, including various techniques that focus upon energetics, electrostatic potentials, charge transfer, electron density patterns, and spectroscopic features. In order to provide concrete examples of these methods, the chapter focuses on H-bonds in which C serves as proton-donor atom, a type of interaction which was not hitherto considered as an H-bond. The discussion ranges from very small systems to those with biological relevance. The sensitivity of H-bond strength to stretching and bending is critically examined as are the effects of placing a charge on one or both of the subunits.
The CH⋯π Hydrogen Bond
Authors: Takahashi Osamu , Nishio Motohiro
Published: May 2023

Weak interactions between functional groups such as CH⋯O, CH⋯N and CH⋯π hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) are ubiquitous in organic compounds and play an important role in conformation, molecular orientation, crystal packing, and molecular recognition. In this chapter, we focus on the CH⋯π H-bond in crystals. A definition of the CH⋯π H-bond is introduced first. Then, evidence from crystallographic database and spectroscopic studies is presented. Finally, computational study is described. This is important to elucidate the nature of weak H-bonds, i.e., to allow quantitative estimation of weak interaction energy and cooperative effects.
Crystal Engineering: State of the Art and Open Challenges
Authors: Braga D. , Grepioni F.
Published: May 2023

Crystal engineering provides a conceptual frame to conceive crystal design strategies to construct crystalline materials with desired properties. The interactions used to this scope are of intermolecular nature and constitute the subject matter of this book. A topological and energetic distinction between molecular crystals based on non-covalent interactions and crystalline materials based on ligand–metal bonds (MOFs) needs to be made because of the implications on design strategies and predictability of the outcome. Although our knowledge and understanding of the nature of weak bonds has increased considerably, we are still far from being able to fully control, reproduce and transfer the small energies involved in the building up of molecular crystals. Indeed, the limited degree of predictability of events such as hydrate/solvate formation, success or failure in co-crystal preparation, and the very existence of polymorphism, appear to contradict the crystal engineering paradigm. In this chapter we will focus on these open challenges.
Leveraging mid-infrared spectroscopic imaging and deep learning for tissue subtype classification in ovarian cancer
Authors: Gajjela Chalapathi Charan , Brun Matthew , Mankar Rupali , Corvigno Sara , Kennedy Noah , Zhong Yanping , Liu Jinsong , Sood Anil K. , Mayerich David , Berisha Sebastian , Reddy Rohith
Published: May 2023

This study introduces label-free, automated ovarian tissue cell recognition using O-PTIR imaging, offering 10× better resolution than FTIR. It outperforms FTIR, achieving 0.98 classification accuracy. This work aids early ovarian cancer diagnosis.
Bilayered lanthanide squarate hydrates (Ln = Eu to Lu) and magnetization reversal barriers of 21 K for Ln = Tm and 57 K for Yb
Authors: Takano Rina , Masuda Koki , Cho Keigo , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Ishida Takayuki
Published: May 2023

A synthetic method for [Ln2(sq)3(H2O)8]n (Ln-sq; Ln = 63Eu-71Lu) was established. Compound Tm-sq can be regarded as a rare example in Tm SIMs, and the magnetization reversal barrier of Yb-sq is one of the largest in Yb SIMs known so far.
MnFe phosphides doped in hollow Prussian blue analogues with Ru modification as an efficient cathode for Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Ma Yiru , Qu Huiqi , Zhao Huimin , Wang Wenna , Li Xiaolong , Li Yuan , Tian Minge , Lv Zhiguo , Yu Yueqin , Li Bin , Guo Ziyang , Wang Lei
Published: May 2023

Combination Ru nanoparticles/MnFe phosphides and the firm support of a Prussian blue analogue (PBA) in a well-designed architecture (Ru-MnFeP/PBA) is presented. An Li–O2 battery with a Ru-MnFeP/PBA cathode provided good electrochemical performances.
Structural transition and chemical reactivity of atomic carbon chains
Authors: Fang Siyuan , Tong Xiao , Stacchiola Dario , Hu Yun Hang
Published: May 2023

The temperature-dependent reversible structural transition, chemical reactivities, and stabilization strategy of sp-hybridized atomic carbon chains were unprecedentedly demonstrated.
Enhanced thermoelectric performance of hot-pressed n-type Ag2Se nanostructures by controlling the intrinsic lattice defects
Authors: Santhosh R. , Harish S. , Abinaya R. , Ponnusamy S. , Ikeda H. , Archana J. , Navaneethan M.
Published: May 2023

Figure (a) Power factor (S2σ), (b) zT of sintered Ag2Se (S1), Ag1.99Se (S2), Ag1.96Se, and Ag1.93Se (S4) samples.
K+-doped P6̄ crystals of NIR-upconverting NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ conform to the ‘strain–intensity’ relationship
Authors: Swain Amreeta , Verma Preeti , Singh Manvendra Narayan , Rajput Parasmani , Sharma Rajendra , Giri Supratim
Published: May 2023

The work highlights the intricate relationship between lattice strain and the extent of symmetry perturbation assessed through UC luminescence intensity in K+-doped NIR UC crystals.
Is the doped MoS2 basal plane an efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst? Calculations of voltage-dependent activation energy
Authors: Hanslin Sander Ø. , Jónsson Hannes , Akola Jaakko
Published: May 2023

The thermodynamics of the MoS2 basal plane can be tuned to be favorable for HER by transition metal doping. However, the calculated activation energy is too high and the experimentally measured activity is unlikely to originate from the basal plane.
The photogalvanic effect induced by quantum spin Hall edge states from first-principles calculations
Authors: Yang Yaqing , Zhang Liwen , Zheng Xiaohong , Chen Jun , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2023

Based on non-equilibrium Green's function combined with density functional theory (NEGF-DFT), we theoretically investigate the spin-related photogalvanic effect (PGE) in topological insulators BiBr and SbBr nanoribbons.
Determination of the influence of water on the SO3 + CH3OH reaction in the gas phase and at the air–water interface
Authors: Ding Chao , Cheng Yang , Wang Hui , Yang Jihuan , Li Zeyao , Lily Makroni , Wang Rui , Zhang Tianlei
Published: May 2023

The influence of water molecules on the SO3 + CH3OH reaction in the gas phase and at the air–water interface has been illustrated.
Mechanistic insights into amide formation from aryl epoxides and amines catalyzed by ruthenium pincer complexes: a DFT study
Authors: Wen Jing , Li Zhewei , Tang Yanhui , Pu Min , Lei Ming
Published: May 2023

Epoxides can be potential substrates for the synthesis of amides catalyzed by Ru–PNN pincer complexes. The base, t-BuOK, serving as a synergistic catalyst with a Lewis acid–base pair, plays a key role in the entire reaction.
Vanadium-induced synthesis of amorphous V–Co–P nanoparticles for an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Jiang Nan , Li Jiayou , Jiang Bolong , Gao Weijun , Tan Ming , Xu Dongyan
Published: May 2023

The synthesized amorphous V0.1–Co0.9–P nanocomposite grown on carbon cloth performs an excellent electrocatalytic performance owing to the introduction of V dopants.
The study on the changing pattern of microbial community function and phenotypes in anaerobic–anoxic–oxic (A2O) process under the influence of temperatures in plateau habitats
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Zhao Lishuai , Zong Yongchen , Hao Kaiyue
Published: May 2023

Filling a gap in the Tibetan plateau habitat and providing a valuable scientific basis and technical support for the development of wastewater. The study was carried out in the Tibetan plateau areas.
Network modeling suggests HIV infection phenocopies PI3K-AKT pathway mutations to enhance HPV-associated cervical cancer
Authors: Olwal Charles Ochieng’ , Fabius Jacqueline M , Zuliani-Alvarez Lorena , Eckhardt Manon , Kyei George Boateng , Quashie Peter Kojo , Krogan Nevan J , Bouhaddou Mehdi , Bediako Yaw
Published: May 2023

Network modeling suggests the inflammatory factors secreted due to HIV infection, even in the presence of antiretroviral therapy, activate PI3K-AKT signaling in cervical cells and accelerate cervical cancer progression in HPV/HIV coinfected women.
Dehydration mechanism of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by functionalized ionic liquids: a density functional theory study
Authors: Hu Jiehao , Yu Mengting , Li Yao , Shen Xiaoli , Cheng Shenyu , Xu Tianyou , Ge Chengsheng , Yu Yihang , Ju Zhaoyang
Published: May 2023

The mechanism for the dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), catalyzed by functionalized ionic liquids (ILs), has been probed by DFT calculations.
A preparation strategy for multicolor carbon dots embedded in silicone for latent fingermarks and detection of AcO−
Authors: Li Tingzhong , Yu Qinglu , Du Zhuang , Gao Jie , LU Dong , Liang Rui , Sun Guoxing
Published: May 2023

Multicolor carbon dots are prepared by extraction and embedded in silicone. Adsorption between hydrophobic long chains and LFPs allows for visibility of levels 1–3 of fingerprint information. The CDs exhibit an efficient response to acetate.
Synthesis and inhibitory activity against MurA and MurZ enzymes of 4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine–1H-1,2,3-triazole hybrid compounds having piperidine and morpholine rings
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Thanh , Do Son Hai , Vu Ngoc Toan , Hoang Thi Kim Van , Nguyen Thi Kim Giang , Nguyen Minh Tri , Hoang Huu Anh , Duong Ngoc Toan
Published: May 2023

A series of 1H-1,2,3-triazoles 12a–g and 13a–g having 4H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine and d-glucose rings was synthesized by click chemistry and their inhibitory activity against UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferases (MurA & MurZ) was examined.
Theoretical study of oxidative removal on the CeO2(110) surface for formaldehyde: in-depth investigation of oxygen vacancy and chemisorbed oxygen
Authors: Xu Yichao , Jiang Ye , Zhang Guomeng , Yang Zhengda , Su Congcong , Jiang Yinsheng
Published: May 2023

The significant water-forming ability of the chemisorbed oxygen formed at the oxygen vacancy promoted the dehydrogenation and oxidation of formaldehyde.
Bimetallic conjugated metal–organic frameworks as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Wan Tsz Lok , Liu Junxian , Tan Xin , Liu Minghao , Smith Sean , Kou Liangzhi
Published: May 2023

This study shows that 2D c-MOFs with dual metal sites, like PcCo-O8-Rh, exhibit high efficiency and stability as bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting. These findings open a new avenue for sustainable energy conversion.
A mid-infrared high-performance spectropolarimetry filter based on dual-mode independent modulation
Authors: Li Chenlu , Liu Qingquan , Xie Leiying , Zhu Yuanyu , Zhao Xinchao , Yang Shumin , Li Zhifeng , Chen Lei , Wang Shaowei , Shen Xuechu
Published: May 2023

A novel high-performance mid-infrared spectropolarimetry filter (SPF) has been proposed based on dual-mode independent modulation by integrating a bi-layer metal grating with a FP cavity.
Pursuing colloidal diamonds
Authors: Baran Łukasz , Tarasewicz Dariusz , Kamiński Daniel M. , Rżysko Wojciech
Published: May 2023

The endeavor to selectively fabricate a cubic diamond is challenging due to the formation of competing phases such as its hexagonal polymorph or others possessing similar free energy. Here, we demonstrate how one can attain such selectivity.
Carbon-regulated titania crystallization to construct a comprehensive palette of anatase/rutile mixed phases for advanced photocatalysis
Authors: Ye Sijian , Cheng Chongling , Wang Shun , Xie Renguo , Wang Dayang
Published: May 2023

Carbon-regulated titania crystallization to construct a comprehensive palette of anatase/rutile mixed phases for advanced photocatalysis.
Designing polymer electrolytes for advanced solid lithium-ion batteries: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Lu Tiantian , Guan Lixiang , Zhan Qi , Liang ZiYang , Liu Chang , Hou Lifeng , Du Huayun , Wei Yinghui , Wang Shi , Wang Qian
Published: May 2023

We'll explore SPE design strategies and their latest research progress, covering ion transport, dendrite suppression, and micro/nano structure. Emphasis will be on SPEs with notable dendritic inhibition, providing a comprehensive understanding.
Computational investigation of the phase behavior of colloidal squares with offset magnetic dipoles
Authors: Dorsey Matthew A. , Velev Orlin D. , Hall Carol K.
Published: May 2023

Simulations of colloidal squares with offset dipoles reveal self-assembly patterns that depend on not only on temperature and density, but also on the chirality fraction of dipolar squares in the system and how the dipole is embedded within the square.
Stabilizing oil–oil interfaces with mixed-shell polymeric nanoparticles prepared via PISA and the grafting combination
Authors: Zhao Xi , Peng Jiani , Shi Liangliang , Wang Guoxiang , Gao Yong
Published: May 2023

Formation of non-aqueous Pickering emulsions by means of different emulsifying mechanisms employing the same mixed-shell polymeric nanoparticles (MSPNs) as Pickering emulsifiers.
Photo-chemically assisted redox-nano welding for highly conductive and robust copper-based electrodes
Authors: Lee Jae-Won , Lee Sang Min , Kwak Ji Hye , Kim Juhee , Kim Sung Jin , Hong Kyong-Soo , Yoo Kye Sang , Yang Imjeong H.-S , Jeong Hee Jin
Published: May 2023

In this study, high-quality conductive electrodes were fabricated by improving the sintering efficiency and packing density of Cu sub-microparticle (sub-μP) electrodes through IPL sintering with redox reaction-induced nano-welding.
TDCOSMO
Authors: Yıldırım A. , Suyu S. H. , Chen G. C.-F. , Komatsu E.
Published: May 2023

Time-delay distance measurements of strongly lensed quasars have provided a powerful and independent probe of the current expansion rate of the Universe (H0). However, in light of the discrepancies between early- and late-time cosmological studies, current efforts revolve around the characterisation of systematic uncertainties in the methods. In this work we focus on the mass-sheet degeneracy (MSD), which is commonly considered a significant source of systematics in time-delay strong lensing studies, and aim to assess the constraining power provided by integral field unit (IFU) stellar kinematics. To this end, we approximated the MSD with a cored, two-parameter extension to the adopted lensing mass profiles (with core radius rc and mass-sheet parameter λint), which introduces a full degeneracy between λint and H0 from lensing data alone. In addition, we utilised spatially resolved mock IFU stellar kinematics of time-delay strong lenses, given the prospects of obtaining such high-quality data with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in the near future. We constructed joint strong lensing and generalised two-integral axisymmetric Jeans models, where the time delays, mock imaging, and IFU observations are used as input to constrain the mass profile of lens galaxies at the individual galaxy level and consequently yield joint constraints on the time-delay distance (DΔt) and the angular diameter distance (Dd) to the lens. We find that mock JWST-like stellar kinematics constrain the amount of internal mass sheet that is physically associated with the lens galaxy and limit its contribution to the uncertainties of DΔt and Dd, each at the ≤4% level, without assumptions on the background cosmological model. Incorporating additional uncertainties due to external mass sheets associated with mass structures along the lens line of sight, these distance constraints would translate to a ≲4% precision measurement on H0 in flat Λ cold dark matter cosmology for a single lens. Our study shows that future IFU stellar kinematics of time-delay lenses will be key in lifting the MSD on a per lens basis, assuming reasonable and physically motivated core sizes. However, even in the limit of infinite rc, where DΔt is fully degenerate with λint and is thus not constrained, stellar kinematics of the deflector, time delays, and imaging data will provide powerful constraints on Dd, which becomes the dominant source of information in the cosmological inference.
Probable brown dwarf companions detected in binary microlensing events during the 2018–2020 seasons of the KMTNet survey
Authors: Han Cheongho , Kil Jung Youn , Kim Doeon , Gould Andrew , Bozza Valerio , Bond Ian A. , Chung Sun-Ju , Albrow Michael D. , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yang Hongjing , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Yee Jennifer C. , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Fujii Hirosame , Fukui Akihiko , Hirao Yuki , Ishitani Silva Stela , Kirikawa Rintaro , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Matsubara Yutaka , Matsumoto Sho , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Okamura Arisa , Olmschenk Greg , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Satoh Yuki , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Toda Taiga , Tristram Paul J. , Vandorou Aikaterini , Yama Hibiki , Itow Yoshitaka
Published: May 2023

Aims. We inspect the microlensing data of the KMTNet survey collected during the 2018-2020 seasons in order to find lensing events produced by binaries with brown dwarf (BD) companions.

Methods. In order to pick out binary-lens events with candidate BD lens companions, we conducted systematic analyses of all anomalous lensing events observed during the seasons from 2018 to 2020. By applying a selection criterion of mass ratio between the lens components of 0.03 ≲ q ≲ 0.1, we identify four binary-lens events with candidate BD companions, namely KMT-2018-BLG-0321, KMT-2018-BLG-0885, KMT-2019-BLG-0297, and KMT-2019-BLG-0335. For the individual events, we present interpretations of the lens systems and measure the observables that can be used to constrain the physical lens parameters.

Results. The masses of the lens companions estimated from the Bayesian analyses based on the measured observables indicate high probabilities that the lens companions are in the BD mass regime; that is, 59%, 68%, 66%, and 66% for the four respective events.
The source of unusual coronal upflows with photospheric abundance in a solar active region
Authors: Harra L. K. , Mandrini C. H. , Brooks D. H. , Barczynski K. , Mac Cormack C. , Cristiani G. , Mandal S. , Sterling A. C. , Martinez Pillet V. , Janitzek N. , Schühle U. , Berghmans D. , Auchère F. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Buchlin E. , Kraaikamp E. , Long D. , Parenti S. , Peter H. , Rodriguez L. , Smith P. , Teriaca L. , Verbeeck C. , Zhukov A. N.
Published: May 2023

Context. Upflows in the corona are of importance, as they may contribute to the solar wind. There has been considerable interest in upflows from active regions (ARs). The coronal upflows that are seen at the edges of active regions have coronal elemental composition and can contribute to the slow solar wind. The sources of the upflows have been challenging to determine because they may be multiple, and the spatial resolution of previous observations is not yet high enough.

Aims. In this article, we analyse coronal upflows in AR 12960 that are unusually close to the sunspot umbra. We analyse their properties, and we attempt to determine if it is possible that they feed into the slow solar wind.

Methods. We analysed the activity in the upflow region in detail using a combination of Solar Orbiter EUV images at high spatial and temporal resolution, Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer data, and observations from instruments on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. This combined dataset was acquired during the first Solar Orbiter perihelion of the science phase, which provided a spatial resolution of 356 km for two pixels. Doppler velocity, density, and plasma composition determinations, as well as coronal magnetic field modelling, were carried out to understand the source of the upflows.

Results. We observed small magnetic fragments, called moving magnetic features (MMFs), moving away from the sunspot in the active region. Specifically, they moved towards the sunspot from the edge of the penumbra where a small positive polarity connects to the umbra via small-scale and very dynamic coronal loops. At this location, small dark grains are evident and flow along penumbral filaments in continuum images. The magnetic field modelling showed small low-lying loops anchored close to the umbral magnetic field. The high-resolution data of the Solar Orbiter EUV Imagers showed the dynamics of these small loops, which last on time scales of only minutes. The edges of these small loops are the location of the coronal upflow that has photospheric abundance.
Sapaki: Galactic O3If* star possibly born in isolation
Authors: Zarricueta Plaza M. S. , Roman-Lopes A. , Sanmartim D.
Published: May 2023

Context. The study of high-mass stars found to be isolated in the field of the Milky Way may help to probe the feasibility of the core-accretion mechanism in the case of massive star formation. The existence of truly isolated stars may efficiently probe the possibility that individual massive stars can be born in isolation.

Aims. We observed WR67a (hereafter Sapaki), an O3If* star that appears to be isolated close to the center of a well-developed giant cavity that is aptly traced by 8.0 μm hot dust emission.

Methods. We acquired medium-resolution (R  =  4100) and moderate signal-to-noise (S/N  =  95 at 4500 Å) spectra for Sapaki in the range of 3800 − 10 500 Å with the Magellan Echellette (MagE) at Las Campanas Observatory. We computed the line-of-sight total extinctions. Additionally, we restricted its heliocentric distance by using a range of different estimators. Moreover, we measured its radial velocity from several lines in its spectrum. Finally, we analyzed its proper motions from Gaia to examine its possible runaway status.

Results. The star has been classified as having the spectral type O3If* given its resemblance to standard examples of the class. In addition, we found that Sapaki is highly obscured, reaching a line-of-sight extinction value of AV = 7.87. We estimated the heliocentric distance to be in the range of d = 4 − 7 kpc. We also estimated its radial velocity to be Vr = −34.2 ± 15.6 km s−1. We may also discard its runaway status solely based on its 2D kinematics. Furthermore, by analyzing proper motions and parallaxes provided by Gaia, we found only one other star with compatible measurements.

Conclusions. Given its apparent non-runaway status and the absence of clustering, Sapaki appears to be a solid candidate for isolated high-mass star formation in the Milky Way.
The Trans-Heliospheric Survey
Authors: Maruca Bennett A. , Qudsi Ramiz A. , Alterman B. L. , Walsh Brian M. , Korreck Kelly E. , Verscharen Daniel , Bandyopadhyay Riddhi , Chhiber Rohit , Chasapis Alexandros , Parashar Tulasi N. , Matthaeus William H. , Goldstein Melvyn L.
Published: May 2023

Context.Though the solar wind is characterized by spatial and temporal variability across a wide range of scales, long-term averages of in situ measurements have revealed clear radial trends: changes in average values of basic plasma parameters (e.g., density, temperature, and speed) and a magnetic field with a distance from the Sun.

Aims.To establish our current understanding of the solar wind's average expansion through the heliosphere, data from multiple spacecraft needed to be combined and standardized into a single dataset.

Methods.In this study, data from twelve heliospheric and planetary spacecraft - Parker Solar Probe (PSP), Helios 1 and 2, Mariner 2 and 10, Ulysses, Cassini, Pioneer 10 and 11, New Horizons, and Voyager 1 and 2 - were compiled into a dataset spanning over three orders of magnitude in heliocentric distance. To avoid introducing artifacts into this composite dataset, special attention was given to the solar cycle, spacecraft heliocentric elevation, and instrument calibration.

Results.The radial trend in each parameter was found to be generally well described by a power-law fit, though up to two break points were identified in each fit.

Conclusions.These radial trends are publicly released here to benefit research groups in the validation of global heliospheric simulations and in the development of new deep-space missions such as Interstellar Probe.
Blut-Kammerwasser-Schranken-Störungen bei perforierender und posteriorer lamellärer Keratoplastik: Implikationen für das klinische Ergebnis
Authors: Matthaei Mario , Fassin Anne , Mestanoglu Mert , Howaldt Antonia , Schrittenlocher Silvia Andreea , Schlereth Simona , Roters Sigrid , Grajewski Rafael S. , Bachmann Björn O. , Cursiefen Claus
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund Die Blut-Kammerwasser-Schranke (BKS) grenzt immunprivilegiertes Gewebe des Auges von der Blutzirkulation ab. Die Störung der BKS stellt somit einen Risikofaktor für
Abstoßungsreaktionen nach Keratoplastik dar.

Ziel der Arbeit Die vorliegende Arbeit bietet eine Übersicht der Arbeiten unserer und anderer Arbeitsgruppen zu BKS-Störungen bei perforierender (PKPL) und posteriorer lamellärer
Keratoplastik sowie deren Implikationen für das klinische Ergebnis.

Methoden Es erfolgte eine PubMed-Literaturrecherche zur Erstellung einer Übersichtsarbeit.

Ergebnis Die Laser-Flare-Photometrie bietet ein objektives und reproduzierbares Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Integrität der BKS. Untersuchungen des Flares nach perforierender und
posteriorer lamellärer Keratoplastik belegen eine im postoperativen Verlauf meist rückläufige Störung der BKS, die in Ausmaß und Dauer durch multiple Faktoren beeinflusst wird. Persistierend
erhöhte Flare-Werte oder ein Anstieg des Flares nach zunächst postoperativer Regeneration können dabei auf ein erhöhtes Abstoßungsrisiko hinweisen.

Diskussion Bei persistierend oder im postoperativen Verlauf rezidivierend erhöhten Flare-Werten nach Keratoplastik ist eine intensivierte (lokale) Immunsuppression möglicherweise
sinnvoll. Dies könnte zukünftig, insbesondere beim Monitoring von Patienten nach Hochrisiko-Keratoplastik, Bedeutung erlangen. Ob ein Anstieg des Laser-Flares ein reliabler Frühindikator
einer drohenden Immunreaktion nach PKPL oder posteriorer lamellärer Keratoplastik ist, müssen jedoch prospektive Studien zeigen.
National Needs Assessment of Utilization of Common Newborn Clinical Decision Support Tools
Authors: Beam Kristyn , Wang Cindy , Beam Andrew , Clark Reese , Tolia Veeral , Ahmad Kaashif
Published: May 2023

Objective Clinical decision support tools (CDSTs) are common in neonatology, but utilization is rarely examined. We examined the utilization of four CDSTs in newborn care.

Study Design A 72-field needs assessment was developed. It was distributed to listservs encompassing trainees, nurse practitioners, hospitalists, and attendings. At the conclusion of data collection, responses were downloaded and analyzed.

Results We received 339 fully completed questionnaires. BiliTool and the Early-Onset Sepsis (EOS) tool were used by > 90% of respondents, the Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia tool by 39%, and the Extremely Preterm Birth tool by 72%. Common reasons CDSTs did not impact clinical care included lack of electronic health record integration, lack of confidence in prediction accuracy, and unhelpful predictions.

Conclusion From a national sample of neonatal care providers, there is frequent but variable use of four CDSTs. Understanding the factors that contribute to tool utility is vital prior to development and implementation.

Key Points
The Impact of Cervical Effacement at Time of Amniotomy in Patients Undergoing Induction of Labor
Authors: Rimsza Rebecca R. , Kelly Jeannie C. , Frolova Antonina I. , Odibo Anthony A. , Carter Ebony B. , Cahill Alison G. , Raghuraman Nandini
Published: May 2023

Objective There is evidence to suggest that early amniotomy during induction of labor is advantageous. However, following cervical ripening balloon removal, the cervix remains less effaced and the utility of amniotomy in this setting is less clear. We investigated whether cervical effacement at the time of amniotomy impacts outcomes among nulliparas undergoing induction of labor.

Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of singleton, term, nulliparous patients at a tertiary care center undergoing induction of labor and amniotomy. The primary outcome was completion of the first stage of labor. Secondary outcomes were vaginal delivery and postpartum hemorrhage. Outcomes were compared between patients with cervical effacement ≤50% (low effacement) and >50% (high effacement) at time of amniotomy. Multivariable logistic regression was used calculate risk ratios (RR) to adjust for confounders including cervical dilation. Stratified analysis was performed in patients with cervical ripening balloon use. A post hoc sensitivity analysis was performed to further control for cervical dilation.

Results Of 1,256 patients, 365 (29%) underwent amniotomy at low effacement. Amniotomy at low effacement was associated with reduced likelihood of completing the first stage (aRR: 0.87 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.78–0.95]) and vaginal delivery (aRR: 0.87 [95% CI: 0.77–0.96]). Although amniotomy at low effacement was associated with lower likelihood of completing the first stage in all-comers, those who had amniotomy performed at low effacement following cervical ripening balloon expulsion were at the highest risk (aRR: 0.84 [95% CI: 0.69–0.98], p for interaction = 0.04) In the post hoc sensitivity analysis, including patients who underwent amniotomy at 3- or 4-cm dilation, low cervical effacement remained associated with a lower likelihood of completing the first stage of labor.

Conclusion Low cervical effacement at time of amniotomy, particularly following cervical ripening balloon expulsion, is associated with a lower likelihood of successful induction.

Key Points
Comparison of Adverse Maternal Outcomes between Early- and Late-Onset Superimposed Preeclampsia
Authors: Onishi Kazuma , Seagraves Elizabeth , Baraki Dana , Donaldson Thomas , Barake Carole , Abuhamad Alfred , Huang Jim C. , Kawakita Tetsuya
Published: May 2023

Objective Superimposed preeclampsia (SIPE), defined as preeclampsia in individuals with chronic hypertension, is one of the most common complications, accounting for 13 to 40% of pregnancies with chronic hypertension. However, there are limited data regarding maternal outcomes of early- and late-onset SIPE in individuals with chronic hypertension. We hypothesized that early-onset SIPE was associated with increased odds of adverse maternal outcomes compared with late-onset SIPE. Therefore, we aimed to compare adverse maternal outcomes between individuals with early-onset SIPE and those with late-onset SIPE.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant individuals with SIPE who delivered at 22 weeks' gestation or greater at an academic institution. Early-onset SIPE was defined as the onset of SIPE before 34 weeks' gestation. Late-onset SIPE was defined as the onset of SIPE at or after 34 weeks' gestation. Our primary outcome was a composite of eclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, maternal death, placental abruption, pulmonary edema, SIPE with severe features, and thromboembolic disease. Maternal outcomes were compared between early- and late-onset SIPE. We used simple and multivariate logistic regression models to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results Of 311 individuals, 157 (50.5%) had early-onset SIPE, 154 (49.5%) had late-onset SIPE. There were significant differences in the proportions of obstetric complications, including the primary outcome, HELLP syndrome, SIPE with severe features, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and cesarean delivery between early- and late-onset SIPE. Compared with individuals with late-onset SIPE, those with early-onset SIPE had increased odds of the primary outcome (aOR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.42–7.59), SIPE with severe features (aOR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.25–5.90), FGR (aOR: 6.07; 95% CI: 3.25–11.36), and cesarean delivery (aOR 3.42; 95% CI: 2.03–5.75).

Conclusion Individuals with early-onset SIPE had higher odds of adverse maternal outcomes compared with those with late-onset SIPE.

Key Points
Factors Associated with Guideline Concordant Clinician Counseling about Low-Dose Aspirin to Prevent Preeclampsia in Nulliparous Patients
Authors: Myers Sabrena O. , Luke Shauntell , Ramey-Collier Khaila L. , Truong Tracy , Weaver Kristin , Swamy Geeta K. , Wheeler Sarahn M.
Published: May 2023

Objective The primary aim of this study was to examine the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines concordant low-dose aspirin (LDA) counseling and factors associated with counseling in nulliparous birthing individuals.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of nulliparous birthing individuals who delivered between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020 and received prenatal care at the Duke High Risk Obstetrical Clinics (HROB). All nulliparous patients over 18 years old who established or transferred care to HROB by 16 weeks, 6 days were included in the analysis. We excluded patients with more than two previous first-trimester pregnancy losses, multiple gestation, a known contraindication to LDA, initiation of LDA prior to their prenatal care, or documented medical history of coagulation disorder. Bivariate associations between demographic/medical characteristics and our primary outcome, receipt of counseling (yes/no), were assessed using two-sample t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Factors significantly associated with the primary outcome (p < 0.05) were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model.

Results Among 391 birthing individuals included in the final analysis cohort, 51.7% of eligible patients received guideline consistent LDA counseling. Factors associated with increased odds of LDA counseling were advanced maternal age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.09), Black race compared with White race (aOR:1.75, 95% CI: 1.03–2.98), chronic hypertension (aOR: 4.17, 95% CI: 1.82–9.55), and obesity (aOR: 5.02, 95% CI: 3.12–8.08).

Conclusion Approximately half of all nulliparous birthing individuals had appropriately documented LDA counseling. The USPSTF guidelines on LDA for preeclampsia risk reduction are complex, which may lead to ineffective provider adherence. Efforts to simplify guidelines and improve LDA counseling are vital to ensuring this low-cost, evidence-based preeclampsia prevention is used in a consistent and equitable manner.

Key Points
A Tardy Ulnar Palsy with an Anomalous Course of Ulnar Nerve
Authors: Shah Harsh R. , Hiremath Amita , Munshi Parag , Thatte Mukund R.
Published: May 2023

Variations are inherent feature of the intricate brachial plexus. They can be at the level of origin, the course, or the innervation pattern of each peripheral nerve. Knowledge of the various described variations can be worthwhile during the routine hand surgery procedures. We present a case of an elderly patient with anomalous intramuscular course of the ulnar nerve presenting with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow.

Level of Evidence: IV.
Nurses' and Parents' View on Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Diaries: A Qualitative Study and Framework Conceptualization
Authors: Willmeroth Tabea
Published: May 2023

Objective The birth of a premature or critically ill newborn can be a traumatic event for the entire family. In these situations, the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) diary is a relevant coping intervention to support family members. However, a profound theoretical concept is lacking, and there is little evidence about how it is applied by nurses in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how NICU diaries are used by nurses to support family members cope with their experiences and to develop an evidence-guided and theory-based framework for conceptualizing diary usage in the NICU.

Study Design A qualitative study design containing 12 narrative interviews with nurses from six different hospitals and two focus group interviews with nine parents from two different hospitals was chosen. The qualitative data were analyzed via content analysis inductively and separately and brought together via graphical coding in a second step.

Results Four main categories emerged from the analyzed data to describe the NICU diary in nursing practice. Regarding diary (1) “usage,” three different types of NICU diaries were identified, which seem to be established largely intuitive. The (2) “content” is constituted by the diary's title, introduction, textual, and nontextual components. Taking into account the diary (3) “function” for the parental coping process, three subcategories emerge: (a) strengthening the parental role, (b) supporting understanding of events, and (c) bringing joy and normality to the situation. (4) “Challenges” address an appropriate writing style, the reading of parental entries by nurses and limited resources. Based on these results and taking into account relevant literature, a framework for conceptualizing NICU diaries was developed.

Conclusion NICU diaries show great potential to support the parental coping process. Nevertheless, diary conceptualization should be based on a theoretical framework to clarify its usage for nurses and parents.

Key Points
Increased Levels of Inflammatory and Endothelial Biomarkers in Blood of Long COVID Patients Point to Thrombotic Endothelialitis
Authors: Turner Simone , Naidoo Caitlin A. , Usher Thomas J. , Kruger Arneaux , Venter Chantelle , Laubscher Gert J. , Khan M Asad , Kell Douglas B. , Pretorius Etheresia
Published: May 2023

The prevailing hypotheses for the persistent symptoms of Long COVID have been narrowed down to immune dysregulation and autoantibodies, widespread organ damage, viral persistence, and fibrinaloid microclots (entrapping numerous inflammatory molecules) together with platelet hyperactivation. Here we demonstrate significantly increased concentrations of von Willebrand factor (VWF), platelet factor 4 (PF4), serum amyloid A (SAA), α-2 antiplasmin (α-2AP), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (E-selectin), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) in the soluble part of the blood. It was noteworthy that the mean level of α-2 antiplasmin exceeded the upper limit of the laboratory reference range in Long COVID patients, and the other 5 were significantly elevated in Long COVID patients as compared to the controls. This is alarming if we take into consideration that a significant amount of the total burden of these inflammatory molecules has previously been shown to be entrapped inside fibrinolysis-resistant microclots (thus decreasing the apparent level of the soluble molecules). We conclude that presence of microclotting, together with relatively high levels of six biomarkers known to be key drivers of endothelial and clotting pathology, points to thrombotic endothelialitis as a key pathological process in Long COVID.
A compact and versatile cryogenic probe station for quantum device testing
Authors: de Kruijf Mathieu , Geyer Simon , Berger Toni , Mergenthaler Matthias , Braakman Floris , Warburton Richard J. , Kuhlmann Andreas V.
Published: May 2023

Fast feedback from cryogenic electrical characterization measurements is key for the development of scalable quantum computing technology. At room temperature, high-throughput device testing is accomplished with a probe-based solution, where electrical probes are repeatedly positioned onto devices for acquiring statistical data. In this work, we present a probe station that can be operated from room temperature down to below 2 K. Its small size makes it compatible with standard cryogenic measurement setups with a magnet. A large variety of electronic devices can be tested. Here, we demonstrate the performance of the prober by characterizing silicon fin field-effect transistors as a host for quantum dot spin qubits. Such a tool can massively accelerate the design–fabrication–measurement cycle and provide important feedback for process optimization toward building scalable quantum circuits.
Development of a high-speed small-angle infrared thermography system in EAST
Authors: Chen G. T. , Cao P. , Yang J. H. , Liang R. R. , Li L. , Sun Y. W. , Zhong F. C.
Published: May 2023

A high-speed infrared small-angle infrared thermography system (SATS) has been developed and installed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) for measuring the surface temperature of the divertor target to calculate the high heat flux induced by Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) and providing observation means for the further physical study of some key parameters, such as power decay length λq and the characteristic time of different types of ELMs. An endoscopic optical system is applied to realize the SATS for clear imaging of the divertor plate area and protection from the harm of impurity deposition and latent tungsten ablation during discharge. The field of view (FOV) of the endoscopic optical system is designed to be 13° in the horizontal direction and 9° in the vertical direction. As a consequence, ∼35° of coverage of the lower-outer divertor and a small part of the lower-inner divertor in toroidal are covered by the FOV with a spatial resolution of around 2 mm/pixel. This paper presents a detailed description of the new SATS and the preliminary experimental diagnostic results. The radial distribution of heat flux induced by an ELM crash was demonstrated.
Calibrating beam fluxes of a low-energy neutral atom beam facility
Authors: Gasser Jonathan , Galli André , Wurz Peter
Published: May 2023

Scientific detection and imaging instruments for low-energetic neutral atoms (ENA) onboard spacecraft require thorough pre-flight laboratory calibration against a well-characterized neutral atom beam source. To achieve this requirement, a dedicated test facility is available at the University of Bern, which is equipped with a powerful plasma ion source and an ion beam neutralization stage. Using surface neutralization, low-energy neutral atom beams of any desired gas species can be produced in the energy range from 3 keV down as low as 10 eV. As the efficiency of the neutralization stage is species and energy dependent, the neutralizer itself needs to be calibrated against an independent reference. We report on the calibration and characterization of this neutral atom beam source using our recently developed Absolute Beam Monitor (ABM) as a primary calibration standard. The ABM measures the absolute ENA flux independent of neutral species in the energy range from 10 eV to 3 keV. We obtain calibration factors of a few 100 cm−2 s−1 pA−1, depending on species at beam energies above about 100 eV, and a power-law decrease for energies below 100 eV. Furthermore, the energy loss of neutralized ions in the surface neutralizer is estimated from time-of-flight measurements using the ABM. The relative energy loss increases with ENA energy from low levels near zero up to 20%–35% at 3 keV, depending on atomic species. Having calibrated our neutral beam source allows for accurate calibration of ENA space instruments.
Development of a scintillator-based optical soft x-ray (OSXR) diagnostic system for KSTAR tokamak
Authors: Lee M. W. , Kim Junghee , Kim M. H. , Lim Soobin , Kim Jayhyun , Sung C.
Published: May 2023

We have developed a new scintillator-based optical soft x-ray (OSXR) diagnostic system for KSTAR. By utilizing fiber optic faceplates, mm-size lens arrays, and fiber bundles, we have successfully constructed a novel optical system for scintillator-based soft x-ray detection to overcome the limited vacuum-port conditions in KSTAR. P47 (Y2SiO5), which has a fast rise (∼7 ns) and decay (∼100 ns) time sufficient for detecting plasma instabilities observed in the kHz–MHz spectral range, was selected as the scintillator material for the KSTAR OSXR system. Scintillation toward each detection channel is collected by the lens arrays coupled to optical fiber cores, which are connected to the photodetector system. Initial results obtained during the 2022 KSTAR experimental campaign support the validity of the OSXR data through the consistency of OSXR measurement results with other diagnostics. We also observe that the OSXR system can capture magnetohydrodynamic activities, such as sawtooth oscillations, and provide valuable information for disruption mitigation studies using shattered pellet injection.